bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procalcitonin-Guided Treatment Regarding Antibiotic Use for Acute COPD Exacerbations (PRECISION): Study Protocol for a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Schaik Michael van , Veen Hans in 't , Brusselle Guy , Boersma Wim , Bresser Paul , Reijers Monique , Dooren Yordi van , Djamin Remco , Melle Marloes de Vries - van , Berg Jan Willem van den , Mölken Maureen Rutten - van , Boersma Eric (H) , Eerden Menno van der , Aerts Joachim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a worldwide prevalent disease. It is estimated to be the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide in 2020, and it is also a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALY’s). COPD accounts for just over 3% of the total health care budget in the European Union. The majority of these costs are attributed to acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Given the contribution of exacerbations, it is of paramount importance to improve the current treatment of exacerbations to reduce the burden of disease for patients (mortality and DALY’s) and for society (costs). Treatment of AECOPD generally consists of corticosteroids and antibiotics, mostly in one-size fits all fashion. Pulmonary physicians are well aware of overuse of antibiotics, but lack the tools to decide which medication to give. Biomarkers may aid towards a more personalized treatment of AECOPD by identifying which patient would benefit from antibiotics. Procalcitonin (PCT) is the precursor of calcitonin and is released in response to a bacterial infection. PCT levels are minimally raised in viral infections, making it a relative specific diagnostic tool for bacterial infections. Several trials have shown a reduction in antibiotic consumption in AECOPD when using a PCT-guided treatment algorithm. One meta-analysis suggested that PCT-based protocols may be superior to standard care, but the authors stated that appropriately powered confirmatory trials are necessary. The objective of our study is to assess that at hospitalization for a severe AECOPD, PCT-guided treatment to guide antibiotic administration is non-inferior to usual care, in terms of treatment failure at day 30. Methods: The study is set up as a prospective randomized trial. A total of 693 patients with a severe exacerbation of COPD will be included and randomized between usual care and PCT-guided treatment regarding antibiotic therapy. The primary endpoint will be treatment failure within 30 days after inclusion, the endpoint comprises disease-related mortality and other disease-related adverse events. Discussion: We believe this trial can add to the currently available evidence with PCT being tested in a clinical setting in a treatment algorithm specifically in COPD with the primary objective being treatment failure. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register. Registration number: NL9122. Date of registration: 24-11-2020. URL of trial registry record: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9122
Hydrogen solubility in FeSi alloy phases at high pressures and temperatures
Authors: Fu Suyu , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Chizmeshya Andrew , Shim Sang-Heon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight elements alloying with metallic Fe can change the properties and therefore play a key role in the structure and dynamics of planetary cores. Hydrogen and silicon are possible light elements in the rocky planets’ cores. However, hydrogen storage in Fe-Si alloy systems remains unclear at high pressures and high temperatures because of experimental difficulties. Taking advantage of pulsed laser heating combined with high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we studied reactions between FeSi and H in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells (LHDACs) up to 61.9 GPa and 3500 K. We found that under H-saturated conditions the amount of H alloying with FeSi (0.3 and &lt;0.1 wt% for the B20 and B2 structures, respectively) is much smaller than that in pure Fe metal (&gt;1.8 wt%). Our experiments also suggest that H remains in the crystal structure of FeSi alloy when recovered to 1 bar. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the low-H solubility likely results from the highly distorted interstitial sites in the B20 and B2 structures, which are not favorable for H incorporation. The recovery of H in the B20 FeSi crystal structure at ambient conditions could open up possibilities to understand geochemical behaviors of H during core formation in future experiments. The low-H content in FeSi alloys suggests that if a planetary core is Si-rich, Si can limit the ingassing of H into the Fe-rich core.
A Telecare System for Use in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Nafisi Vahid R. , Ghods Roshanak 
Published: January 2022

Background:In Persian Medicine (PM), measuring the wrist temperature/humidity and pulse is one of the main methods for determining a person's health status and temperament. An important problem is the dependence of the diagnosis on the physician's interpretation of the above-mentioned criteria. Perhaps this is one reason why this method has yet to be combined with modern medical methods. Also, sometimes there is a need to use PM to diagnose patients remotely, especially during a pandemic. This brings up the question of how to implement PM into a telecare system. This study addresses these concerns and outlines a system for measuring pulse signals and temperament detection based on PM.Methods:A system was designed and clinically implemented based on PM that uses data from recorded thermal distribution, a temperament questionnaire, and a customized device that logs the pulse waves on the wrist. This system was used for patient careviatelecare.Results:The temperaments of 34 participants were assessed by a PM specialist using the standardized Mojahedi Mizaj Questionnaire (MMQ). Thermal images of the wrist in the supine position (namedMalmasin PM), the back of the hand, and the entire face were also recorded under the supervision of the physician. Also, the wrist pulse waves were evaluated by a customized pulse measurement device. Finally, the collected data could be sent to a physician via a telecare system for further interpretation and prescription of medications.Conclusion:This preliminary study focused on the implementation of a combinational hardware-software system for patient assessment based on PM. It appears that the design and construction of a customized device that can measure the pulse waves, and some other criteria, according to PM, is possible and can decrease the dependency of the diagnostic to PM specialists. Thus, it can be incorporated into a telemedicine system.
Evaluating the learning goal attainment in Nihongo Noryoku Shiken N5 course
Authors: Setiawati Ai Sumirah , Wagiran Wagiran , Subyantoro Subyantoro 
Published: January 2022

The objective of the study is to evaluate the learning implementation of the Nihongo Noryoku Shiken N5 course as a new course offered in the 2020 curriculum at the Japanese Language Education Study Program in UNNES. A goal-oriented evaluation model by Tyler was employed in the evaluation process to measure how far the learning goals that have been determined at the beginning of the lecture are achieved. This evaluative research relied on a quantitative descriptive approach; its steps comprised (1) data collection, (2) data processing and analysis, and (3) recommendation formulation. According to the evaluation results, the learning goals of Nihongo Noryoku Shiken N5 had been met, although it was not that significant. Several conditions cause such issues. (1) In the class, some students had good Japanese language skills; they claimed that the lesson was too easy, so their progress was not significant. (2) The evaluation instruments were not valid. (3) Other conditions, e.g., the implementation of online learning and tests, hindered classroom activities and monitoring. Improving the teaching and learning materials and evaluation instruments is recommended. Furthermore, some additions to the curriculum need to be considered, such as adding the credits for the grammar or Bunpo course.
The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Physicians, Nurses, and Other Health Care Providers in Alberta: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: El Gindi Hany , Shalaby Reham , Gusnowski April , Vuong Wesley , Surood Shireen , Hrabok Marianne , Greenshaw Andrew J , Agyapong Vincent 
Published: January 2022

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, threats to mental health, psychological safety, and well-being are evident, particularly among the first responders and the health care staff.

Objective
This study aims to examine the prevalence and potential predictors of the likely stress, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder among health care workers (HCWs).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was used through a survey link sent to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among HCWs enrolled in the Text4Hope program.

Results
The result from this study suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs reported a high likelihood of moderate-to-high perceived stress (n=840, 81.2%), moderate-to-severe anxiety (n=369, 38.6%), and depression (n=317, 32.7%) symptoms. Nurses and other HCWs were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms compared to physicians (F(2, 159.47)=15.89, 95% CI –5.05 to –2.04). Younger age groups of HCWs (≤30 years) were more prone to report likely stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms compared to HCWs 41-50 and >50 years old (odds ratio [OR] 1.82-3.03). Similarly, females and those who reported a lack of social support (separated/divorced and single) among HCWs had a higher likelihood to report likely stress and depressive symptoms, respectively (OR 1.8 and 1.6, respectively).

Conclusions
This cross-sectional study explored a high level of mental health burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs in Alberta. Levels of psychological symptoms were more noticeable in the female gender and the nursing profession.
Feasibility of Monitoring Health and Well-being in Emerging Adults: Pilot Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Lystad Reidar P , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Peters Lorna , Johnstone Melissa , Ellis Louise A , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Wuthrich Viviana , Amin Janaki , Cameron Cate M , Mitchell Rebecca J 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEmerging adulthood is a distinct segment of an individual’s life course. The defining features of this transitional period include identity exploration, instability, future possibilities, self-focus, and feeling in-between, all of which are thought to affect quality of life, health, and well-being. A longitudinal cohort study with a comprehensive set of measures would be a valuable resource for improving the understanding of the multifaceted elements and unique challenges that contribute to the health and well-being of emerging adults.ObjectiveThe main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting university graduates to establish a longitudinal cohort study to inform the understanding of emerging adulthood.MethodsThis pilot study was conducted among graduates at a large university. It involved collecting web-based survey data at baseline (ie, graduation) and 12 months post baseline, and linking survey responses to health records from administrative data collections. The feasibility outcome measures of interest included the recruitment rate, response rate, retention rate, data linkage opt-out rate, and availability of linked health records. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the representativeness of the sample, completeness of the survey responses, and data linkage characteristics.ResultsOnly 2.8% of invited graduates (238/8532) agreed to participate in this pilot cohort study, of whom 59.7% (142/238) responded to the baseline survey. The retention rate between the baseline and follow-up surveys was 69.7% (99/142). The completeness of the surveys was excellent, with the proportion of answered questions in each survey domain ranging from 87.3% to 100% in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. The data linkage opt-out rate was 32.4% (77/238).ConclusionsThe overall recruitment rate was poor, while the completeness of survey responses among respondents ranged from good to excellent. There was reasonable acceptability for conducting data linkage of health records from administrative data collections and survey responses. This pilot study offers insights and recommendations for future research aiming to establish a longitudinal cohort study to investigate health and well-being in emerging adults.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12618001364268; https://tinyurl.com/teec8whInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/16108
Effectiveness of Digital Counseling Environments on Anxiety, Depression, and Adherence to Treatment Among Patients Who Are Chronically Ill: Systematic Review
Authors: Paalimäki-Paakki Karoliina , Virtanen Mari , Henner Anja , Nieminen Miika T , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: January 2022

Background
Patients who are chronically ill need novel patient counseling methods to support their self-care at different stages of the disease. At present, knowledge of how effective digital counseling is at managing patients’ anxiety, depression, and adherence to treatment seems to be fragmented, and the development of digital counseling will require a more comprehensive view of this subset of interventions.

Objective
This study aims to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of digital counseling environments at improving anxiety, depression, and adherence to treatment among patients who are chronically ill.

Methods
Systematic searches of the EBSCO (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted in May 2019 and complemented in October 2020. The review considered studies that included adult patients aged ≥18 years with chronic diseases; interventions evaluating digital (mobile, web-based, and ubiquitous) counseling interventions; and anxiety, depression, and adherence to treatment, including clinical indicators related to adherence to treatment, as outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. As a meta-analysis could not be conducted because of considerable heterogeneity in the reported outcomes, narrative synthesis was used to synthesize the results.

Results
Of the 2056 records screened, 20 (0.97%) randomized controlled trials, 4 (0.19%) pilot randomized controlled trials, and 2 (0.09%) quasi-experimental studies were included. Among the 26 included studies, 10 (38%) digital, web-based interventions yielded significantly positive effects on anxiety, depression, adherence to treatment, and the clinical indicators related to adherence to treatment, and another 18 (69%) studies reported positive, albeit statistically nonsignificant, changes among patients who were chronically ill. The results indicate that an effective digital counseling environment comprises high-quality educational materials that are enriched with multimedia elements and activities that engage the participant in self-care. Because of the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, it is impossible to determine which type of digital intervention is the most effective for managing anxiety, depression, and adherence to treatment.

Conclusions
This study provides compelling evidence that digital, web-based counseling environments for patients who are chronically ill are more effective than, or at least comparable to, standard counseling methods; this suggests that digital environments could complement standard counseling.
Developing a Smartphone-Based Adjunct Intervention to Reduce Cannabis Use Among Juvenile Justice-Involved Adolescents: Protocol for a Multiphase Study
Authors: Helseth Sarah A , Guigayoma John , Price Dayna , Spirito Anthony , Clark Melissa A , Barnett Nancy P , Becker Sara J 
Published: January 2022

Background
Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system who use cannabis are at an increased risk of future substance use disorders and rearrest. Many court-involved, nonincarcerated (CINI) youth are referred for services in the community and often encounter multiple barriers to care, highlighting the need for minimally burdensome services that can be delivered in justice settings. Digital health interventions are accessible, easy to implement, and can provide ongoing support but have not been developed to address the unique needs of CINI youth who use cannabis.

Objective
This multiphase study will aim to develop, implement, and pilot test a novel smartphone app, Teen Empowerment through Computerized Health (TECH), to reduce cannabis and other substance use among CINI youth. TECH is conceptualized as a digital adjunct to a brief computerized intervention delivered by our family court partner.

Methods
Following the principles of user-centered design, phase I interviews with CINI youth aged 14-18 years (n=14-18), their caregivers (n=6-8), and behavioral health app developers (n=6-8) will guide the TECH design decisions. Next, in phase II, CINI youth (n=10) will beta test the TECH app prototype for 1 month; their feedback regarding feasibility and acceptability will directly inform the app refinement process. Finally, in phase III, CINI youth (n=60) will participate in a pilot randomized controlled trial for 6 months, comparing the preliminary effectiveness of the adjunctive TECH app on cannabis use outcomes.

Results
Phase I data collection began in September 2020 and was completed in December 2021; 14 CINI youth, 8 caregivers, and 11 behavioral health app developers participated in the study. Phases II and III will occur in 2022 and 2023 and 2023 and 2025, respectively.

Conclusions
This body of work will provide insight into the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone-based adjunctive intervention designed for CINI youth. Phase III results will offer a preliminary indication of the effectiveness of the TECH app in reducing cannabis use among CINI youth.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/35402
Electrocardiogram Structural Changes between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severities in Adam Malik General Hospital Medan
Authors: Arif Mustajir N. , Siregar Abdullah Afif , Andra Cut Aryfa , Hasan Harris , Raynaldo Abdul Halim , Haykal T. Bob 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular complications caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will change the normal function and the shape of the heart’s anatomy. The purpose of this study to determine whether there was a relationship between the degree of severity of COPD and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis conduct on 80 subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria at the outpatient cardiology clinic H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The subject was divided equally based on the severity of COPD and ECG examination was performed. Statistical analysis processed using multivariate with p>0,05 as statistical significance The correlation is presented as Pearson r values and new values are obtained by the ROC curve.
Results: The mean age was 57±13 years with males have a majority proportion (85%). P Pulmonale and RBBB were common in severe COPD (GOLD 3 p = 0.001, GOLD 4 p <0.001). P wave axis and the amplitude of the P wave was found to be significantly different (p <0.001) with a strong and moderate correlation (r = 0.706 and r = 0.577). P-axis values of more than 56.3 degrees and P-wave amplitudes of more than 0.15 mV had a sensitivity of 80-85% and specificity of 80% to differentiate more severe COPD.
Conclusion: ECG assessment can be used to differentiate severe COPD with a fairly good correlation. ECG assessment in COPD patients can be used as the initial modality for assessing severe COPD (GOLD 3 and GOLD 4) at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.
Correlation between P-Wave Terminal Force V1 (PTFV1) from 12-Lead ECG and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients Diagnosed With Hypertension
Authors: Dalimunthe Bambang Arie Hidayat , Akbar Nizam , Hasan Refli , Hasan Harris , Sitepu Andika , Nasution Ali Nafiah 
Published: January 2022

Background: Patients diagnosed with hypertension will deteriorate into hypertensive heart disease which is characterized by diastolic dysfunction first followed by systolic dysfunction later in the course of the disease. Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle causes an increase in LVEDP as well as in the dimension of the left atrium. P-Wave Terminal Force V1 (PTFV1) which is derived from 12 lead ECG could help diagnose diastolic dysfunction in centers where echocardiography is not available. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of PTFV1 on the 12-lead Electrocardiography with diastolic dysfunction in patients diagnosed with hypertension in the outpatient clinic of Cardiac Center Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2019 until August 2019. Patients with hypertension who met the inclusion criteria were examined electrocardiographically to obtain PTFV1 value. Then echocardiography examination was then performed to assess the grades of diastolic dysfunction and other parameters. Analysis of correlation between PTFV1 values and diastolic dysfunction was then conducted.
Results: From the clinical characteristics, there is no difference regarding age, sex , and risk factorsbetween the three diastolic dysfunction groups, while echocardiography characteristic shows more reduced EF in grade III diastolic dysfunction (36.5±7.7). Significant differences in PTFV1 are found among diastolic dysfunction groups. Grade I diastolic dysfunction has PTFV1 value of 23.8 mm.ms, grade II diastolic dysfunction has PTFV1 value of 34.1 mm.ms, and grade III diastolic dysfunction has PTFV1 value of 52.1 mm.ms, Significance of p value is <0.001. There is a strong correlation between PTFV1 and diastolic dysfunction grade (r = 0.63 (P <0.001)). Cut off point of PTFV1 > 29.8 mm.ms can discriminate patients who have increased LAP with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 71%.
Conclusions: PTFV1 is a simple screening tool which is widely available and correlate well with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension, which makes it a good alternative tool especially in areas where echocardiography is not readily available.