bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified and more sensitive criteria for identifying individuals with pathogenicCDH1variants
Authors: Lerner Benjamin A , Xicola Rosa M , Rodriguez Nicolette J , Karam Rachid , Llor Xavier 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal-dominant syndrome most often caused by pathogenic variants inCDH1. The International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium (IGCLC) recently updated its criteria for genetic testing. The purpose of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of IGCLC’s 2020 criteria for identifying carriers ofCDH1pathogenic variants and to formulate a new set of criteria that is simpler and more sensitive.MethodsMedical histories of 112CDH1mutation carriers, identified predominantly by multigene panel testing, and their 649 family members were reviewed. The percentage of subjects fulfilling the IGCLC 2015 and 2020 criteria was calculated, once without making any assumptions about unavailable pathology, and once assuming gastric cancer to be diffuse when pathology was unavailable. For comparison, we calculated the percentage of subjects who fulfilled our proposed criteria.ResultsWhen making no assumptions about missing pathology, a small (19%) and equal percentage ofCDH1mutation carriers fulfilled the IGCLC 2015 and 2020 criteria. When assuming unspecified gastric cancer to be diffuse, 45 out of 112 (40%) subjects met the 2015 criteria and 53 out of 112 (47%) met the 2020 criteria. Eighty-seven per cent (97/112) fulfilled our proposed criteria.ConclusionIn consecutive cases, mostly unselected for clinical criteria of HDGC, the IGCLC 2020 criteria are, at best, marginally more sensitive than previous iterations, but they are also more cumbersome. Unavailable cancer pathology reports are a real-world obstacle to their proper application. Our proposed Yale criteria both address this issue and offer significantly greater sensitivity than the IGCLC 2020 criteria.
Acute ischaemic stroke associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in North America
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A , Dibas Mahmoud , Phan Kevin , Efendizade Aslan , Ospel Johanna , Schirmer Clemens , Settecase Fabio , Heran Manraj K S , Kühn Anna Luisa , Puri Ajit S , Menon Bijoy K , Sivakumar Sanjeev , Mowla Askan , Vela-Duarte Daniel , Linfante Italo , Dabus Guilherme C , Regenhardt Robert W , D'Amato Salvatore , Rosenthal Joseph A , Zha Alicia , Talukder Nafee , Sheth Sunil A , Hassan Ameer E , Cooke Daniel L , Leung Lester Y , Malek Adel M , Voetsch Barbara , Sehgal Siddharth , Wakhloo Ajay K , Goyal Mayank , Wu Hannah , Cohen Jake , Ghozy Sherief , Turkel-Parella David , Farooq Zerwa , Vranic Justin E , Rabinov James D , Stapleton Christopher J , Minhas Ramandeep , Velayudhan Vinodkumar , Chaudhry Zeshan Ahmed , Xavier Andrew , Bullrich Maria Bres , Pandey Sachin , Sposato Luciano A , Johnson Stephen A , Gupta Gaurav , Khandelwal Priyank , Ali Latisha , Liebeskind David S , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Nahab Fadi , Jillella Dinesh V , Chen Karen , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali , Abdalkader Mohamad , Kaliaev Artem , Nguyen Thanh N , Haussen Diogo C , Nogueira Raul G , Haq Israr Ul , Zaidat Osama O , Sanborn Emma , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M , Patel Aman B , Siegler James E , Tiwari Ambooj 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTo analyse the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and identify factors predicting functional outcome.MethodsMulticentre retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients with AIS who presented to 30 stroke centres in the USA and Canada between 14 March and 30 August 2020. The primary endpoint was poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 5 or 6 at discharge. Secondary endpoints include favourable outcome (mRS ≤2) and mortality at discharge, ordinal mRS (shift analysis), symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and occurrence of in-hospital complications.ResultsA total of 216 COVID-19 patients with AIS were included. 68.1% (147/216) were older than 60 years, while 31.9% (69/216) were younger. Median [IQR] National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at presentation was 12.5 (15.8), and 44.2% (87/197) presented with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Approximately 51.3% (98/191) of the patients had poor outcomes with an observed mortality rate of 39.1% (81/207). Age >60 years (aOR: 5.11, 95% CI 2.08 to 12.56, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.09, p=0.021), higher NIHSS at admission (aOR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14, p=0.006), LVO (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.78, p=0.042), and higher NLR level (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11, p=0.028) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome.ConclusionThere is relationship between COVID-19-associated AIS and severe disability or death. We identified several factors which predict worse outcomes, and these outcomes were more frequent compared to global averages. We found that elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, rather than D-Dimer, predicted both morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of Diagnostic Efficacy among Transvaginal Sonography, Transabdominal Sonography, and 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Authors: Wang Ke , Jing Fangbin 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To compare the diagnostic efficacy among transvaginal sonography (TVS), transabdominal sonography (TAS), and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods. The clinical data of 65 patients initially diagnosed with CSP in our hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were selected for the retrospective analysis, and all patients received TVS, TAS, and 3.0 T MRI. Taking the pathological findings as the “gold standard”, the diagnostic efficacy of different diagnostic modalities in early CSP was compared. Results. In terms of the AUC value, the result was 3.0 T MRI > TVS > TAS, and among the three diagnosis methods, 3.0 T MRI had the highest diagnostic specificity, and TVS and 3.0 T MRI had the highest sensitivity; other than intragestational hemorrhage, the detection rates of other signs of disease by TVS and TAS were significantly higher than 3.0 T MRI (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. 3.0 T MRI has better diagnostic efficacy in early CSP than TVS and TAS, while TVS and TAS work better in diagnosing uterine bleeding, plumule, yolk sac, and fetal heartbeat than 3.0 T MRI. The results are more beneficial to the guidance on selecting treatment modalities.
Carbon Emission Performance and Regime Type: The Role of Inequality
Authors: Bakaki Zorzeta , Böhmelt Tobias , Ward Hugh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Existing results about the impact of regime type on states’ environmental performance are inconclusive. This could stem from failure to allow for economic inequality—a largely overlooked factor. More equal democratic societies, we contend, are likely to make greater progress in dealing with environmental problems. However, inequality undermines those processes and characteristics of democratic polities that are supposed to further environmental protection. In contrast, inequality is unlikely to be of much importance in authoritarian states. Using data on carbon emission performance for the post-1970 period, we find strong and robust evidence that inequality moderates the influence of democracy. Our research adds to the debate about regime type and environmental politics.
Corvi e adulatori
Authors: Savino Christina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Crows and flatterers are compared in an ancient Greek saying because of their harmfulness and damage to human beings. The saying «it is better to fall amongst crows than flatterers» is attributed to the Cynic seem philosopher Antisthenes of Athens on the basis of several literary sources. All these seem to go back to Cynic doxography and ethics, relying on the Stoic thinker Hecaton of Rhodes. Previous witnesses are not extant, but a reference to the saying could possibly be found in Aristophanes’ Wasps. Indeed, Wasps 42–46 not only features the wordplay κόραξ/κόλαξ as a speech defect of Alcibiades, which seems to be rather a comic device, but also hints at a link between the crow and the flatterer. Performed in 422, before Antisthenes’ teaching as a Cynic, Aristophanes’ Wasps could represent the first literary attestation of the saying on crows and flatterers, which probably went back to the Greek sapiential heritage.
Kowtowing to a Non-natural Realm
Authors: Bedke Matthew S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Non-naturalists face a dilemma. They either leave their normative views hostage to a non-natural realm, which is immoral, or they do not, which is irrational. David Enoch has argued that the problem rests on cases of junk knowledge — conditionals that cannot be used to expand knowledge via modus ponens. Camil Golub has suggested that the dilemma rests on questionable assumptions about how we might come to know about the non-natural. Here I reply to these worries, sharpen the dilemma, and situate it in the literature on doxastic wrongs.
Transmission and Reception of Isaac ibn Sahula’s Kabbalistic Commentary on Two Psalms
Authors: Campanini Saverio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In his largely fabulous Historia eclesiastica, politica, natural y moral published in Valencia in 1610, the Dominican Luis de Urreta offers a brief survey of the riches of the Ethiopian imperial library with great admiration. The universal character of the Emperor’s library ensured that it also contained a good selection of Jewish authors and Hebrew books. Among them one can find two names that are in fact one: Isaac ben Sahula. This article documents how Christian knowledge of this author and of some of his works came about, through which ways it became very much widespread, also examining in passing the false attributions of works or rather ideas that became commonplace, especially between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Finally, it will show that a very large part of his fame derived from a single Hebrew manuscript.
Lectotypification, taxonomy and distribution of Braunia plicata (Bryopsida, Hedwigiaceae) in South America and Mexico
Authors: DE LUNA EFRAÍN 
Published: January 2022

Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Braunia plicata (Mitt.) A. Jaeger., and lectotypes for two names are designated. One of Bridges specimens (Bridges s. n.) located at BM hb-Hooker is the lectotype for B. plicata. A duplicate of Pringle 15171 at P hb-Cardot is the lectotype for B. plicata var canescens Card. This name is retained as synonym of B. plicata. The worldwide distribution of the species is documented in Bolivia, Peru, and Mexico.
Choice of Mastectomy May Increase the Extent of Axillary Surgery in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Zaveri Shruti , Romanoff Anya , Hirt Leeza , Thompson Lauren , Pisapati Kereeti V. , Weltz Christina , Schmidt Hank , Port Elisa 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Based on the ACOSOG Z0011 trial, women who undergo breast conservation therapy (BCT) and have limited disease in the axilla on sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy do not require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). In this study we investigate the incidence of ALND in patients undergoing elective mastectomy with limited disease in the axilla to identify how many women may have been spared additional axillary surgery if they chose BCT. Methods All women with invasive breast cancer treated at a single tertiary care breast center from 2010-2018 who were candidates for BCT but elected mastectomy and underwent SLN biopsy were identified through retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of ALND in women found to have a limited burden of disease in the axilla (1-2 positive SLNs). Results The study population comprised 151 patients with invasive breast cancer eligible for BCT who chose mastectomy. On final pathology, 34 patients had 1-2 positive SLNs, and 16 of these patients underwent completion ALND. These 16 patients out of 151 overall lumpectomy candidates electing mastectomy (10.6%) could have been spared ALND if they did not elect mastectomy. Discussion BCT candidates electing mastectomy have a 10.6% chance of undergoing more extensive axillary surgery than would have been recommended with BCT alone. The increased risk of undergoing additional axillary surgery should be incorporated into the preoperative discussion for patients choosing between BCT and mastectomy.
Impact of Language and Ethnicity on Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes
Authors: Garza Nathan , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes after tracheostomy between children from Spanish‐ and English‐speaking families.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.MethodsAll children <18 years of age who had a tracheostomy placed between 2014 and 2020 were included. Comorbidities and postsurgical outcomes were compared between (1) children whose families preferred speaking Spanish or identified as Hispanic/Latino and (2) children from English‐language or non‐Hispanic families.ResultsA total of 339 children met inclusion, with 11% (37/339) from families identifying Spanish as their primary language and 33% (112/339) identifying as Hispanic. Spanish‐speaking families were more likely to have tracheostomy‐dependent children with cardiac conditions (65% vs 42%, P =. 008) and high complexity (72% vs 49%, P =. 007). Outcomes were similar regardless of language preference, with 45% (153/339) still tracheostomy dependent, 28% (94/339) decannulated, and 6.8% (23/339) deceased at a median follow‐up of 1.77 years (interquartile range, 0.65‐3.43). Severe neurocognitive disabilities were similar between Spanish‐ and English‐language families (P >. 05). Spanish language was not associated with times to decannulation or death in univariate or multiple regression models. A sensitivity analysis of self‐identified Hispanic or Latino patients did not show significant differences for time to decannulation, death, or neurocognitive disability rates (P >. 05).ConclusionSpanish language and Hispanic ethnicity appear to have minimal impact on pediatric tracheostomy outcomes.
Severely impaired CTL killing is a feature of the neurological disorder Niemann-Pick disease type C1
Authors: Castiblanco Daniela , Rudd-Schmidt Jesse A. , Noori Tahereh , Sutton Vivien R. , Hung Ya Hui , Flinsenberg Thijs W. H. , Hodel Adrian W. , Young Neil D. , Smith Nicholas , Bratkovic Drago , Peters Heidi , Walterfang Mark , Trapani Joseph A. , Brennan Amelia J. , Voskoboinik Ilia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NP-C1) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in an endolysosomal cholesterol transporter, NPC1. Despite typically presenting with pronounced neurological manifestations, NP-C1 also resembles long-term congenital immunodeficiencies that arise from impairment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector function. CTLs kill their targets through exocytosis of the contents of lysosome-like secretory cytotoxic granules (CGs) that store and ultimately release the essential pore-forming protein perforin and proapoptotic serine proteases, granzymes, into the synapse formed between the CTL and target cell. We discovered that NPC1 deficiency increases CG lipid burden, impairs autophagic flux through stalled trafficking of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and dramatically reduces CTL cytotoxicity. Using a variety of immunological and cell biological techniques, we found that the cytotoxic defect arises specifically from impaired perforin pore formation. We demonstrated defects of CTL function of varying severity in patients with NP-C1, with the greatest losses of function associated with the most florid and/or earliest disease presentations. Remarkably, perforin function and CTL cytotoxicity were restored in vitro by promoting lipid clearance with therapeutic 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; however, restoration of autophagy through TFEB overexpression was ineffective. Overall, our study revealed that NPC1 deficiency has a deleterious impact on CTL (but not natural killer cell) cytotoxicity that, in the long term, may predispose patients with NP-C1 to atypical infections and impaired immune surveillance more generally.
The effects of virtual reality training in stroke and Parkinson’s disease rehabilitation: a systematic review and a perspective on usability
Authors: Sevcenko Ksenija , Lindgren Ingrid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Virtual Reality (VR) training is emerging in the neurorehabilitation field. Technological advancement is often faster than clinical implementation. Previous reviews stressed the study design and methodological weaknesses of research in the field of VR for neurorehabilitation. Clinically relevant conclusions on implementation in particular patient groups are needed.
The aim was to update the existing knowledge with the recent evidence on the effects of VR training on functional ability of patients with stroke and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Secondary objective was to analyze the aspects of usability of VR intervention in these populations.

Methods
Systematic literature search (via PubMed, CENTRAL) was conducted from inception to February 29, 2020 to identify suitable articles for two population subcategories. Randomized controlled trials published from 2016 to 2020, investigating the effectiveness of VR on a variety of outcomes contributing to the functional independence were included. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used for a methodological quality assessment of the primary studies. Given the heterogeneity in types of VR intervention and outcomes, a descriptive synthesis was conducted.

Results
A total of 18 randomized controlled trials were included (10 in stroke subcategory, 8 in PD). CASP grading ranged 9–11, suggesting high methodological quality. All studies concluded that overall VR might be as effective as the conventional training, but more motivating. In some studies, VR was found to have a greater effect, taking the high response to treatment and satisfaction into account.

Conclusions
VR training is suggested as an effective intervention to improve the functional ability in stroke and PD patients. Addition of VR into a rehabilitation program might facilitate patient’s motivation, participation and improvement, as this method was generally well accepted, and the results of trials were promising. The consideration of disorder-specific aspects should take place during the decision-making of VR implementation.
Relationship of a new anthropometric index with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients among the Han Chinese
Authors: Cai Shuang , Dong Jing , Cheng Bokai , Zhang Anhang , Sun Jin , Li Man , Su Yongkang , Bao Qiligeer , Zhu Ping , Wang Shuxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the relationship of a new anthropometric index with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients among the Han Chinese.MethodsThe study is a community-based cross-sectional study that included 4639 patients with hypertension and integrated clinical and echocardiographic data. Left ventricular (LV) mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of left ventricular mass indexed (LVMI) over 49.2 g/m2.7for men and 46.7 g/m2.7for women. Quartiles of a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were used regarding LVH prevalence. The logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the new anthropometric index and LVH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the obesity indices for LVH risk.ResultsThe prevalence of LVH increased across quartiles for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. Comparing the lowest with the highest quartile, adjusted OR (95% CI) for LVH were significantly different for BRI 3.86 (3.12–4.77), BMI 3.54 (2.90–4.31), and WC 2.29 (1.88–2.78). No association was observed for ABSI. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of BRI was (AUC: 0.653, 95% CI 0.637–0.669), BMI (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI 0.612–0.644), WC (AUC: 0.576, 95% CI 0.559–0.593), ABSI (AUC: 0.499, 95% CI 0.482–0.516).ConclusionsThis study shows that LVH prevalence increased per quartile across the Han Chinese population with hypertension for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. There is a significant association between BRI and LVH in hypertensive people, while ABSI was not. BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in the assessment of LVH.
Bio-psycho-social characteristics and impact of musculoskeletal pain in one hundred children and adolescents consulting general practice
Authors: Pourbordbari Negar , Jensen Martin Bach , Olesen Jens Lykkegaard , Holden Sinead , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Eight percent of all child and adolescent general practice consultations are due to musculoskeletal conditions, with pain as the most frequent symptom. Despite the commonality of musculoskeletal pain, limited knowledge exists about care-seeking children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain.
The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of children and adolescents consulting their general practitioner with musculoskeletal pain.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study based on baseline data from the child and adolescent musculoskeletal pain cohort study (ChiBPS), carried out in 17 Danish general practice clinics. Patients aged 8–19 years who had musculoskeletal pain when consulting their general practitioner were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, physical activity, pain impact, psychosocial factors, and expectations of their general practitioner. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Normally distributed continuous data were described using mean and standard deviation while non-normally data were described using median and interquartile range (IQR).

Results
We included 100 participants (54% female, median age 13 [IQR: 12–16.5 years]). Frequent pain sites limiting activity were knee (56%), back (20%), ankle (19%), and neck (13%). Most participants (63%) consulted their general practitioner due to inability to use their body as usual, due to pain. Median pain duration at consultation was 5 months [IQR: 3 weeks-1 year]. More than a third were often/sometimes nervous (34%), worried or anxious (33%), and took pain medication (33%). Pain impeded ability to participate in sport activities at school (79%) and disturbed spare time activities (88%). Pain also made it difficult to concentrate for 58%, and to fall asleep for 38%. Only 38% expected a pain free long-term future.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the bio-psycho-social impact of musculoskeletal pain in care-seeking children and adolescents. Demographics, pain characteristics, psychosocial characteristics, and physical characteristics should be included in addressing children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain.

Trial registration
The ChiBPS study was pre-registered before participant recruitment (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03678922) date: 09.20.18.