bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedarf an Fortbildung für
Funktionsträger*innen von
Krebs-Selbsthilfeorganisationen
Authors: Jablotschkin Martina , Sauer Nicola , Jäger Martina , Kerek-Bodden Hedy , Kubitza Werner , Weis Joachim 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Im Rahmen des Zentrums für Kompetenzentwicklung in
der Krebs-Selbsthilfe am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg wurde eine
Analyse des Bedarfs an Schulungen und Fortbildungen unter den
Mitgliedsverbänden des Hauses der Krebs-Selbsthilfe (HKSH)
durchgeführt.
Methodik Die Online-Befragung erfolgte im Februar bis April 2021 und wurde
von Funktionsträger*innen auf verschiedenen Organisationsebenen
und Gruppenteilnehmer*innen ausgefüllt. In einem gemeinsam mit
Selbsthilfevertreter*innen entwickelten Fragebogen wurden potentielle 19
Schulungsthemen bezüglich ihrer Wichtigkeit eingestuft. Zudem wurde
erfasst, ob das jeweilige Thema durch bereits vorhandene Qualifizierungsangebote
als ausreichend abgedeckt wahrgenommen wurde. Im Rahmen eines
forced-choice-Ansatzes benannten die Befragten abschließend die
für sie fünf wichtigsten Themen.
Ergebnisse Die Themen, die ein besonders hoher Anteil der N=293
Befragten als „sehr wichtig“ identifizierten und die zugleich
durch bereits bestehende Angebote als unzureichend adressiert wahrgenommen
wurden, waren der Umgang mit belastenden Themen (z. B. Rezidiv,
Metastasen, Sterben), die Gewinnung von neuen Mitgliedern und
Nachfolger*innen für Verbandsaufgaben, sozialrechtliche Aspekte
sowie Gesprächsführung und kommunikative Kompetenzen. In der
Priorisierung der fünf wichtigsten Themen bildeten sich die drei
erstgenannten Themen erneut ab, wobei an vierter Stelle Umgang mit
Überforderung und Hilfestellungen zur
Selbstfürsorge/Burn-Out-Prävention folgte und an
fünfter Stelle mit jeweils gleicher Stimmenzahl die Themen Kenntnisse im
Umgang mit Komplementärmedizin und Kenntnisse professioneller
Versorgungsstrukturen in der Onkologie.
Diskussion Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Bedarf an thematisch breit
gefächerten Fortbildungsthemen, der über die bestehenden
Angebote der Krebs-Selbsthilfeverbände hinausgeht. Durch die
Bedarfsanalyse konnten die Themen identifiziert werden, die
organisationsübergreifend in allen zehn Mitgliedsverbänden des
HKSH als Schulungs- und Fortbildungsthemen priorisiert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Auf der Basis dieser Bedarfserhebung können in
Kooperation mit den Patientenvertreter*innen des HKSH die jeweiligen
Fortbildungen priorisiert und umgesetzt werden.
Wirksamkeitsfokussierte Bewertung von internetbasierten
Interventionen: ein Studienprotokoll
Authors: Köhnen Moritz , Härter Martin , Sander Julia , Gerlinger Gabriel , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Angebot von internetbasierten Interventionen zur
Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen nimmt stetig zu und ist mittlerweile auch in
der Versorgung verankert. Allerdings ist die Informationslage für
Behandelnde und Nutzende insbesondere in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit
internetbasierter Interventionen noch ausbaufähig.
Ziele Es sollen deutschsprachige internetbasierte Interventionen zur
Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen, gelistet im DiGA-Verzeichnis, identifiziert
und evaluiert werden. Positiv begutachtete Interventionen sollen anschaulich
für Interessierte bei psychenet.de dargestellt werden.
Methodik Mittels vorab festgelegter Kriterien zur
Interventionsidentifikation, -bewertung und anschließender Publikation
bei psychenet.de soll ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes und transparentes Vorgehen
etabliert und in der Praxis umgesetzt werden.
Ethik &
Dissemination Das Einholen eines Ethikvotums war nicht
notwendig, da das Vorhaben auf bereits publizierten Daten basiert. Es sollen
relevante Fach- und Betroffenenverbände über das bei
psychenet.de veröffentlichte Angebot informiert werden.
Personale Ressourcen von Jugendlichen in Ost- und Westdeutschland
– Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie 15 und 25 Jahre nach der
Wende
Authors: Schmidtke Claudia , Hövener Claudia , Nowossadeck Enno , Lampert Thomas , Hölling Heike , Michalski Niels 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Gab es über 15 Jahre nach der deutschen
Wiedervereinigung Unterschiede in den personalen Ressourcen bei den um 1989
geborenen Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen Ost und West? Wie haben sich die
Unterschiede dieser „Wendegeneration“ in der Folge
entwickelt?
Methode Daten der KiGGS-Studie aus den Jahren 2003–2006 und
2014–2017 werden genutzt, um bei 14–17-jährigen
Jugendlichen der Wendegeneration die Häufigkeiten geringer personaler
Ressourcen in Ost und West zu bestimmen. Es werden Querschnittsdaten zu beiden
Erhebungszeitpunkten zwischen Ost und West verglichen und
Längsschnittdaten verwendet, um die Kohorte im Altersverlauf zu
verfolgen.
Ergebnisse 14–17-Jährige aus Ostdeutschland zeigen rund 15
Jahre nach der Wende häufiger geringere personale Ressourcen und haben
eine geringere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung als gleichaltrige Jugendliche im
Westen Deutschlands. 10 Jahre später sind die Unterschiede kaum noch
sichtbar und haben sich zum Teil umgekehrt. Die gefundenen Ost-West-Unterschiede
lassen sich nicht durch unterschiedliche sozioökonomische Lagen der
Familien in Ost und West erklären.
Fazit Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass um 1989 geborene Jugendliche aus Familien
mit DDR-Sozialisation, unabhängig vom SES, noch in den 2000er Jahren ein
höheres Risiko geringerer personaler Ressourcen aufwiesen als
Jugendliche aus BRD-Familien. 25 Jahre nach der Wende war dies nicht mehr
erkennbar. Während die Unterschiede zwischen Ost und West im Zeitverlauf
abnehmen, nimmt die Bedeutung der sozioökonomischen Lage der Familien
für die personalen Ressourcen der Jugendlichen insgesamt jedoch zu und
zwar zuungunsten derer mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status. Die
Ergebnisse weisen auf die Notwendigkeit von gezielter Ressourcenstärkung
bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Phasen von Transformation und biografischen
Brüchen hin.
Geschlechts- und regionalspezifische Unterschiede von
Kindesvernachlässigung und Gewalt vor der deutschen Wiedervereinigung.
Ergebnisse aus GESA, einem Multi-Kohorten Konsortium
Authors: Fleischer Toni , Ulke Christine , Ladwig Karl-Heinz , Linkohr Birgit , Johar Hamimatunnisa , Atasoy Seryan , Speerforck Sven , Kruse Johannes , Zöller Daniela , Binder Harald , Otten Danielle , Brähler Elmar , Beutel Manfred E. , Tibubos Ana N. , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Schomerus Georg 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungErste Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Studie deuten auf geschlechtsspezifische
Muster mit weniger berichteten Fällen von Kindesvernachlässigung
und Gewalt in den Neuen im Vergleich zu den Alten Bundesländern. Ziel
der vorliegenden Studie war es diese Ergebnisse in zwei größeren
regionalen Stichproben zu überprüfen. Methode:
Prävalenzen von Vernachlässigung- und Gewalterfahrung in der
Kindheit wurden mithilfe des Childhood Trauma Screeners in den Regionen
Greifswald (SHIP, 2008–2012) und Augsburg (KORA, 2013–2014)
erhoben. Analyse geschlechtsstratifizierter und regionaler Unterschiede. Die
Prävalenzen beider lokalen Stichproben wurden anschließend
miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden Vernachlässigung
und Gewalt in der Kindheit seltener in der Nord-Ostdeutschen Stichprobe (SHIP)
berichtet. Die deutlichsten Unterschiede fanden sich in den Kategorien
emotionale Gewalt (SHIP: 6,1%, KORA: 8,7%), körperliche
Gewalt (SHIP: 5,7%, KORA: 10,3%) sowie körperliche
Vernachlässigung (SHIP:10,0%, KORA: 19,2%).
Geschlechtsspezifische Muster von Vernachlässigungs- und Gewalterfahrung
in der Kindheit unterschieden sich in SHIP und KORA nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Wir
diskutieren den möglichen Einfluss des sozio-politischen Kontexts auf
die Prävalenz von Vernachlässigung und Gewalt in der Kindheit,
da alle selbstberichteten Ereignisse in die Zeit vor der Wiedervereinigung in
zwei politisch unterschiedliche Systeme fallen.
Association between Self-reported Overtraining Syndrome and Symptoms
in High School Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Tsukahara Yuka , Kamada Hiroshi , Torii Suguru , Yamasawa Fumihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiagnosing overtraining syndrome is challenging and it is often correlated with
other diseases, especially those related to low energy availability. Therefore,
we investigated the prevalence of overtraining syndrome-like symptoms and
correlative factors in 389 female and 572 male national-level high school track
and field athletes. They were asked to complete a survey regarding their history
of overtraining syndrome-like symptoms, injuries, and diseases. The survey
results revealed that 13.4% (52/389) of female and 13.3%
(76/572) of male athletes had a history of overtraining syndrome-like
symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that training hours per day (odds
ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.71) was an
associated factor in female athletes, while rest days per week (odds ratio,
0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.00), skipping meals (odds
ratio, 3.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–9.29), and having
snacks/light meals on a regular basis (odds ratio, 0.46; 95%
confidence interval, 0.26–0.83) were the associated factors in male
athletes. In conclusion, athletes with overtraining syndrome-like symptoms may
be prone to injuries and diseases. Hence, although overtraining syndrome is
difficult to diagnose, further attention should be paid to minimize overtraining
syndrome-related risks.
Influence of Heat Treatment of Nickel–Titanium Instruments on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance in Simulated Curved Canals
Authors: Campos Gustavo Oliveira , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Vieira Victor Talarico Leal , Elias Carlos Nelson , de Martin Alexandre Sigrist , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue of heat-treated and non-treated instruments.
Materials and Methods Twenty instruments with and without heat treatment from Bassi Logic were evaluated (n = 10). All instruments were subjected to dynamic cyclic fatigue through continuous rotations inside a stainless-steel tube (1.4-mm diameter, 9-mm curvature with 6-mm radius, and 90° angle) using a custom-made device, which performed 1 axial oscillation every 2 seconds with an amplitude of 3 mm, powered by a torque-controlled motor (Silver Reciproc, VDW, Germany), with speed adjusting to 950 rpm and torque to 4 N, according to manufacturer's guidance. The groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney test.
Result The fracture time of the heat-treated instruments (97.20 ± 39.94 second and non-treated instruments (14.30 ± 6.78 seconds had statistical differences [p < 0.05]). Heat-treated instruments were 6.8 times more resistant to fatigue than non-treated instruments (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Heat treatment provides increased fatigue resistance of NiTi alloy with the same design.
Gaining Soft Tissue with a Hydrogel Soft Tissue Expander: A Case Report
Authors: Uijlenbroek Henri J.J. , Liu Yuelian , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this case report, we describe the treatment of a patient referred to our clinic with a hopeless tooth 21 with an attached pontic. The aim of this case report was to, first, describe the advantages and disadvantages of gaining soft tissue with a self-inflating soft tissue expander before performing a bone augmentation procedure in implant dentistry in the esthetic zone. Second, we describe how an amalgam tattoo, caused by a previously performed apicoectomy that made the extension of the raised flap to cover the augmented site esthetically undesirable, was removed. Two silicone enveloped Osmed hydrogel self-inflating soft tissue expanders were placed submucosally on the right- and left-hand side of the amalgam tattoo. One of these two perforated the overlaying mucosa after 24 days. Both tissue expanders were removed, the amalgam tattoo was excided, the site augmented, and an implant with a crown and a pontic was placed.
Reducing infection risk in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a Brazilian reference center's approach
Authors: Gomes Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro , Feo Lucas Bueno , Silva Guilherme Diogo , Disserol Caio César Diniz , Paolilo Renata Barbosa , Lara Amanda Nazareth , Tonácio Adriana Coracini , Mendes Maria Fernanda , Pereira Samira Luísa Apóstolos , Callegaro Dagoberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). They present chronic relapsing courses that demand treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) to prevent inflammatory activity. Disease-modifying drugs lead to immunomodulation or immunosuppression through diverse mechanisms (e.g., shifting lymphocyte and cytokine profile, suppressing specific lymphocyte subpopulations). Thus, patients are more prone to infectious complications and associated worsening of disease.Objective To present feasible strategies for mitigating the infection risk of MS and NMOSD treated patients.Methods Targeted literature review concerning the management of infection risk with an emphasis on vaccination, therapy-specific measures, and particularities of the Brazilian endemic infectious diseases' scenario.Conclusion We propose a vaccination schedule, infectious screening routine, and prophylactic measures based on the current scientific evidence. Awareness of emergent tropical diseases is necessary due to evidence of demyelinating events and possible parainfectious cases of MS and NMOSD.
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Development of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Pediatric COVID-19
Authors: Zengin Neslihan , Bal Alkan , Goren Tugba Aysun , Bayturan Semra Sen , Alkan Fatos , Akcali Sinem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate vitamin D (vit D) levels in children with and without development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and also between those with severe and moderate MIS-C.
Methods This comprises retrospective data of 68 patients including 34 patients with MIS-C and admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit (MIS-C group) and 34 patients without MIS-C (non-MIS-C group) were analyzed for their presenting characteristics, serum vit D levels, ventilatory needs, and prognostic scores.
Results Vit D levels were significantly lower in patients with versus without MIS-C [9 (2–18) vs. 19 (10–43) ng/mL, p <0.001], and also in patients with severe versus moderate MIS-C [7.5 (2–17) vs. 9 (5–18) ng/mL, p = 0.024]. Vit D deficiency (levels <12 ng/mL) was more common in the MIS-C versus non-MIS-C group (79.4 vs. 11.8%, p <0.001) and in severe versus moderate MIS-C (92.9 vs. 70.0%, p <0.001). The severe versus moderate MIS-C was associated with significantly higher levels of procalcitonin [7.6 (0.9–82) vs. 1.7 (0.2–42) ng/mL, p = 0.030] and troponin [211 (4.8–4,545) vs. 14.2 (2.4–3,065) ng/L, p = 0.008] and higher likelihood of reduced ejection fraction (75.0 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.004).
Conclusion Our findings indicate the higher prevalence of vit D deficiency in pediatric COVID-19 patients with versus without MIS-C, as well as in those with severe versus moderate MIS-C. Higher troponin and procalcitonin levels and dyspnea at presentation seem also to be risk factors for severe MIS-C, more pronounced cardiac dysfunction, and poorer prognosis.
A compact repetitive high energy-density accelerator HEART-20 based on propylene carbonate pulse forming line
Authors: Zhang Zicheng , Liu Shifei , Yang Hanwu , Li Diangeng , Fan Yuwei , Zhang Jiande 
Published: October 2022

The development of pulsed power technology requires an electron beam accelerator with high output power and repetitive operation. A compact repetitive electron beam accelerator based on a pulse transformer and a pulse forming line of high permittivity liquid, as an essential type of one, has attracted extensive attention at the present time. In this paper, the development of a compact high energy-density electron beam accelerator, viz., HEART-20, based on a propylene carbonate (PC) forming line is presented. The accelerator HEART-20 consists of a primary energy source, a pulse transformer, a PC pulse forming line, a gas spark gap switch, and a vacuum diode. First, the operation principle of the accelerator is described. Second, the design of the accelerator’s parameters is presented. A pulse transformer is developed for rapid charging of the PC-filled pulse forming line. The coupling coefficient is above 0.9, the voltage ratio is about 200, and the operation voltage is about 800 kV. Third, the energy storage characteristics of PC are investigated. The insulation characteristics of PC under positive charging voltage are found to perform better than those under negative charging voltage. The insulating strength of PC can be improved by pressurization. Finally, the development of the accelerator HEART-20 is presented. Across a vacuum diode load, it can steadily operate at a 20 GW output power in 5 Hz rep-rate. Moreover, it can drive a magnetically insulated line oscillator to produce about 2.0 GW microwave. These findings provide a good foundation for the development of a rep-rate intensive electron beam accelerator with promising applications for the future.
Nonlinear optical limiting property of the carboxyl-functionalized Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets
Authors: Li Yuren , Si Jinhai , Yan Lihe , Fan Zhaolin , Liang Zezhou , Hou Xun 
Published: October 2022

Nonlinear optical limiting (OL) properties of carboxyl-functionalized Ti3C2 nanosheets (COOH-MXene) were studied using the nanosecond laser Z-scan technology. COOH-MXene showed excellent broadband OL properties with OL thresholds of 0.34 J/cm2 at 532 nm and 0.58 J/cm2 at 1064 nm, and the OL mechanism was mainly attributed to the reverse saturable absorption effect. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements were used to clarify the ultrafast carrier dynamics in the OL process, and the results revealed that excited states absorption (ESA) in MXene was enhanced by introducing more carboxyl group terminations. When COOH-MXene was irradiated by laser pulses, excited electrons in the conduction band of MXene could transfer to the carboxyl groups and induce the ESA in the surface functional groups, resulting in the excellent OL property of COOH-MXene.
Galileo Galilei. Scientific Heavyweight, Political Lightweight
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Galileo can be called the first modern scientist. He argued that the Bible shows the way to heaven, not the way the heavens behave. His scientific achievements went well beyond gravity and the Earth's motion. His study of gravity was an example of genius cutting though the peripheral to grasp the essential; in this case that for compact bodies, gravity trumped air resistance. His study of forces predated Newton by the better part of a century. The latter's First Law is actually Galileo's.Galileo's work brought him into conflict with Church doctrine. His claim that the Earth moved earned him permanent house arrest.
Isaac Newton. Peerless Polymath
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Newton's first law, inertia: “A body at rest or in motion continues at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force,” was actually discovered by Galileo. The second law, “Force = mass x acceleration,” is a demonstration of genius akin to that of Galileo. Galileo recognized the importance of gravity over air resistance; Newton recognized the importance of applied force over friction. Together with the third law, “action–reaction,” the triad constituted a complete description of motion.
His law of gravitation described not only the motion of the planets but also the force between any two objects in the universe. He discovered calculus and invented the reflecting telescope. However, he actually spent more time on alchemy and Bible studies than on physics. At the age of 54, he became director of the Royal Mint, using his energies to detect counterfeiting and attending the hangings of the culprits.
Lise Meitner. Breaking Up the Nuclear Family
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

In the early days of nuclear physics, several problems were prominent. One was how to explain why the disintegration of a uranium atom was accompanied by the release of an enormous amount of energy. Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch solved the problem: nuclear fission. The uranium split into two smaller elements, barium and krypton. The sum of their masses is less than that of the uranium. The energy produced, E, was the result of the conversion of that extra mass per Einstein's equation E = mc2. The second problem was why elements beyond uranium were unstable. In the nucleus, there are two competing forces: electric repulsion between the protons and a strong attractive force. The latter dominates the former until the number of protons is so large that the situation reverses, causing the nucleus to fission. Meitner and Frisch showed that the number is 92, the atomic number of uranium. All heavier elements can only be produced artificially.
Born Jewish, Meitner converted to Lutheranism. This counted for nothing after Hitler came to power. She fled Germany, eventually immigrating to Sweden. As later archives have revealed, she was denied a well-deserved Nobel Prize.
George Gamow. A Physicist in Wonderland
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

George Gamow's accomplishments were many. He solved the problem of nuclear decay by alpha-particle emission. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. It is emitted, for example, in the transmutation of uranium to thorium. But the energy needed to exit the uranium nucleus exceeds the energy that the alpha particle contains. Gamow explained the effect as “tunneling.” The alpha is both a particle and a wave. Some small part of the wave can exceed the boundaries of the nucleus; thus, there is some small probability that an alpha gets out. One of Gamow's papers was co-authored with his student Ralph Alpher. In a well-known story (at least to physicists), Gamow asked fellow physicist Han Bethe (pronounced “beta”) to add his name as co-author, although he had nothing to do with the research. This then became known as the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper (read αβγ). Less well known is that Alpher was annoyed and that Bethe later said the paper was wrong. Gamow also studied the origins of the universe.
A prolific popularizer of science, Gamow wrote several books, among them One Two Three … Infinity, Thirty Years that Shook Physics, and the Mr. Tomkins series.
Vera Rubin. Solver of Problems, Arcane and Mundane
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Already in her Ph.D. thesis in 1954, Vera Rubin broke new ground. She demonstrated that galaxies are clumped rather than evenly distributed in space—a surprising and crucial finding, the importance of which was not recognized until many years later. Her exhaustive study of galactic motion produced major discoveries. Two stand out. The first was that the universe expansion was anisotropic. Before Rubin's measurements, it was assumed that the expansion was the same in all directions. Rubin showed that this was incorrect: one part of the universe was expanding faster. The second came from her measurements of galactic rotation. Rapidly moving spiral-shaped galaxies should fly apart, but they do not. The only thing that can hold them together is a large amount of invisible mass, about five to ten times the amount observed in the galaxy itself. This is now called “dark matter” and the conundrum of its presence is one of the major areas of astrophysical research.
Rubin was denied permission to work at Mt. Palomar, with the excuse that there were no facilities for women. She solved the problem by building her own bathroom.