bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jugular foramen and venous collaterals may help to discriminate congenital from post-thrombotic jugular stenosis
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Unilateral jugular stenosis is easily mistaken as jugular hypoplasia for their similar jugular appearances. This study aimed to propose a scheme to differentiate acquired internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) from congenital jugular variation through two case examples.

Methods
We presented a dynamic evolution process of the IJVS formation, through a case of a 17-year-old female with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-associated right internal jugular venous thrombosis (IJVT), which resulted in post-thrombotic IJVS in the rare context of rapid recanalization. Meanwhile, we compared her images with images of a 39-year-old healthy male with hypoplastic IJV to determine the differences between the acquired IJVS and congenital dysplasia.

Results
Based on the first case, we noticed the whole formative process of acquired IJVS from nothing to something. Meantime, we found that acquired IJVS was surrounded by abnormal corkscrew collaterals as imaged on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CE-MRV), and the ipsilateral jugular foramen (JF) was normal-sized as displayed on computer tomography (CT). Conversely, jugular hypoplasia was with ipsilateral stenotic JF and without serpentine collaterals.

Conclusion
JF morphology and venous collaterals may be deemed as surrogate identifiers to distinguish acquired unilateral IJVS from jugular hypoplasia.
MAST (Movement Analysis Software for Telemetry data), for the semi-automated removal of false positives from radio telemetry data
Authors: Nebiolo K. , Castro-Santos T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionRadio telemetry, one of the most widely used techniques for tracking wildlife and fisheries populations, has a false-positive problem. Bias from false-positive detections can affect many important derived metrics, such as home range estimation, site occupation, survival, and migration timing. False-positive removal processes have relied upon simple filters and personal opinion. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed MAST (Movement Analysis Software for Telemetry data) to assist with false-positive identification, removal, and data management for large-scale radio telemetry projects.MethodsMAST uses a naïve Bayes classifier to identify and remove false-positive detections from radio telemetry data. The semi-supervised classifier uses spurious detections from unknown tags and study tags as training data. We tested MAST on four scenarios: wide-band receiver with a single Yagi antenna, wide-band receiver that switched between two Yagi antennas, wide-band receiver with a single dipole antenna, and single-band receiver that switched between five frequencies. MAST has a built in ak-fold cross-validation and assesses model quality with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, false-positive rate, and precision-recall area under the curve. MAST also assesses concordance with a traditional consecutive detection filter using Cohen’s$$\kappa$$κ.ResultsOverall MAST performed equally well in all scenarios and was able to discriminate between known false-positive detections and valid study tag detections with low false-positive rates (< 0.001) as determined through cross-validation, even as receivers switched between antennas and frequencies. MAST classified between 94 and 99% of study tag detections as valid.ConclusionAs part of a robust data management plan, MAST is able to discriminate between detections from study tags and known false positives. MAST works with multiple manufacturers and accounts for receivers that switch between antennas and frequencies. MAST provides the framework for transparent, objective, and repeatable telemetry projects for wildlife conservation surveys, and increases the efficiency of data processing.
Is the proportion of per capita fat supply associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity? an ecological analysis
Authors: Swarnamali Hasinthi , Jayawardena Ranil , Michail Chourdakis  , Ranasinghe Priyanga 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Although it is reported in numerous interventional and observational studies, that a low-fat diet is an effective method to combat overweight and obesity, the relationship at the global population level is not well established. This study aimed to quantify the associations between worldwide per capita fat supply and prevalence of overweight and obesity and further classify this association based on per capita Gross National Income (GNI).

Methods
A total of 93 countries from four GNI groups were selected. Country-specific overweight and obesity prevalence data were retrieved from the most recent WHO Global Health Observatory database. Per capita supply of fat and calories were obtained from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization database; FAOSTAT, Food Balance Sheet for years 2014–2016. The categorizations of countries were done based on GNI based classification by the World Bank.

Results
Among the selected countries, the overweight prevalence ranged from 3.9% (India) to 78.8% (Kiribati), while obesity prevalence ranged from 3.6% (Bangladesh) to 46.0% (Kiribati). The highest and the lowest per capita fat supply from total calorie supply were documented in Australia (41.2%) and Madagascar (10.5%) respectively. A significant strong positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of overweight (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and obesity (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) with per capita fat supply. The lower ends of both trend lines were densely populated by the low- and lower-middle-income countries and the upper ends of both lines were greatly populated by the high-income countries.

Conclusions
Per capita fat supply per country is significantly associated with both prevalence of overweight and obesity.
We are all migrants
Authors: Valsiner Jaan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMigration is the basis for development—economic, social, and psychological. In this paper I will examine borders on migration that entail the ambivalent relating by the societal context of migration to the act of movement of the people who become migrants, and their counterparts (“counter-migrants”) who do not. My focus on the issue stems from my theory of Cultural Psychology of Semiotic Dynamics that can deal with the process of becoming, being, and feeling as “migrant” or “counter-migrant”. A societal rule system is fortified by the system of social representations of the people who—by the act of moving from one place to another—are designated to become migrants by the rule systems of the non-migrants. Cultural psychology contributes to the study of the emerging prejudices and ways of their overcoming by the non-migrant local recipients as well as to the ambivalences of the persons who move to the relating with the social role “migrant” and its overcoming. Historically speaking—we as the species of Homo sapiens are all migrants—only at differing times and circumstances.
Association between preference and e-learning readiness among the Bangladeshi female nursing students in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kabir Humayun , Tonmon Tajrin Tahrin , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Biswas Lila , Chowdhury Md. Abul Hasnat , Islam Muhammad Didarul , Rahman Mamunur , Mitra Dipak Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic jeopardized the traditional academic learning calendars due to the closing of all educational institutions across the globe. To keep up with the flow of learning, most of the educational institutions shifted toward e-learning. However, the students’ e-learning preference and e-learning readiness did not identify, particularly among the Bangladeshi female nursing students, where those can pose serious challenges. A cross-sectional study was carried out among the female nursing students between December 26, 2020, and January 11, 2021. A total of 237 students were recruited who have enrolled in e-learning at least the last 30 days of the participation. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to find the association of students’ preference, e-learning readiness domains, and other variables.

Results
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the female nursing students to assess perceived e-learning readiness in the subdomains of readiness; availability, technology use, self-confidence, acceptance and training. The findings of the study revealed that the prevalence of preference for e-learning was 43.46%. The students did not prefer e-learning compared to ‘prefer group’ has significantly less availability of technology (β = − 3.01, 95% CI − 4.46, − 1.56), less use of technology (β = − 3.08, 95% CI − 5.11, − 1.06), less self-confidence (β = − 4.50, 95% CI − 7.02, − 1.98), less acceptance (β = − 5.96, 95% CI − 7.76, − 4.16) and less training need (β = − 1.86, 95% CI − 2.67, − 1.06). The age, degree, residence, parents’ highest education, having a single room, and having any eye problems were significantly associated with the variation of availability of technology, use of technology, self-confidence, acceptance, and training need of e-learning.

Conclusions
The outcomes of the study could be helpful while developing an effective and productive e-learning infrastructure regarding the preparedness of nursing colleges for the continuation of academia in any adverse circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic.
A longitudinal study of post-traumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms trajectories in subjects with bipolar disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carmassi Claudia , Cordone Annalisa , Bertelloni Carlo Antonio , Cappelli Andrea , Pedrinelli Virginia , Sampogna Gaia , Massimetti Gabriele , Dell’Oste Valerio , Dell’Osso Liliana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is recognized to be at high risk for developing negative psychopathological sequelae to potentially traumatic events. Nevertheless, scant data are still available about the effects of the COVID-19 emergency on the clinical course of BD. The present study examined prospectively the development and trajectories of post-traumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among subjects with BD that were followed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic at the time of pandemic onset.MethodsA cohort of 89 subjects with BD was enrolled during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed at baseline (T0), 2-months (T1), and 6-months (T2) follow-up. A K-means cluster analysis was used to identify distinct trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the three time points.ResultsWe identified three trajectories: the Acute reaction (13.5%); the Increasing severity (23.6%); and the Low symptoms (62.9%) groups, respectively. In the Acute reaction group a significant prevalence of female gender was reported with respect to the Low symptoms one. Subjects in the Increasing severity group reported significantly lower employment rate, and higher rate of relatives at risk for COVID-19 medical complications. Subjects in the Increasing Severity group reported higher rates of previous hospitalization and manic symptoms at baseline than those included in the Low symptoms one.ConclusionsOur results describe three distinct symptom trajectories during the COVID-19 emergency in a cohort of subjects suffering from BD, suggesting the need of a long-term follow-up for detecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this vulnerable population.
ANSWER: Annotation Software for Electronic Reporting
Authors: Raulerson Chelsea , Jimenez Guillaume , Wakeland Benjamin , Villa Erika , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Malter James , Gagan Jeffrey , Cantarel Brandi 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE To better use genetic testing, which is used by clinicians to explain the molecular mechanism of disease and to suggest clinical actionability and new treatment options, clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) laboratories must send the results into reports in PDF and discrete data element format (HL7). Although most clinical diagnostic tests have set molecular markers tested and have a set range of values or a binary result (positive or negative), the NGS genetic test could examine hundreds or thousands of genes with no predefined list of variants. Although there are some commercial and open-source tools for clinically reporting genomics results for oncology testing, they often lack necessary features. METHODS Using several available software tools for data storage including MySQL and MongoDB, database querying with Python, and a web-based user application using JAVA and JAVA script, we have developed a tool to store and query complex genomics and demographics data, which can be manually curated and reported by the user. RESULTS We have developed a tool, Annotation SoftWare for Electronic Reporting (ANSWER), that can allow molecular pathologists to (1) filter variants to find those meeting quality control metrics in the genes that are clinically actionable by diagnosis; (2) visualize variants using data generated in the bioinformatics analysis; (3) create annotations that can be reused in future reports with association specific to the gene, variant, or diagnosis; (4) select variants and annotations that should be reported to match the details of the case; and (5) generate a report that includes demographics, reported variants, clinical actionability annotation, and references that can be exported into PDF or HL7 format, which can be electronically sent to an electronic health record. CONCLUSION ANSWER is a tool that can be installed locally and is designed to meet the clinical reporting needs of a clinical oncology NGS laboratory for reporting.
Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes of Physicians in Low- and Middle-Income Countries on Fertility and Pregnancy-Related Issues in Young Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Khan Shah Zeb , Arecco Luca , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Sirohi Bhawna , Ponde Noam F. , Habeeb Baker , Brandão Mariana , Azim Hatem A. , Chowdhury Arman Reza , Bozovic-Spasojevic Ivana , Kovalenko Iryna , Odhiambo Andrew , Seid Fahmi Usman , Mutombo Alex Baleka , Petracci Fernando , Vidra Radu , Altuna Sara C. , Petrova Mila , Kourie Hampig Raphael , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Razeti Maria Grazia , Lengyel Csongor György , Talibova Narmin , Mariamidze Elene , Sacardo Karina Perez , Duma Narjust , Gyawali Bishal , Trapani Dario , Tagliamento Marco , Lambertini Matteo 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Fertility and pregnancy-related issues are highly relevant for young (≤ 40 years) patients with breast cancer. Limited evidence exists on knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding these issues. METHODS A 19-item questionnaire adapted from an international survey exploring issues about fertility preservation and pregnancy after breast cancer was sent by e-mail between November 2019 and January 2020 to physicians from LMICs involved in breast cancer care. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 288 physicians from Asia, Africa, America, and Europe completed the survey. Median age was 38 years. Responders were mainly medical oncologists (44.4%) working in an academic setting (46.9%). Among responders, 40.2% and 53.8% reported having never consulted the available international guidelines on fertility preservation and pregnancy after breast cancer, respectively. 25.0%, 19.1%, and 24.3% of responders answered to be not at all knowledgeable about embryo, oocyte, or ovarian tissue cryopreservation, respectively; 29.2%, 23.6%, and 31.3% declared that embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation were not available in their countries, respectively. 57.6% of responders disagreed or were neutral on the statement that controlled ovarian stimulation can be considered safe in patients with breast cancer. 49.7% and 58.6% of responders agreed or were neutral on the statement that pregnancy in breast cancer survivors may increase the risk of recurrence overall or only in those with hormone receptor–positive disease, respectively. CONCLUSION This survey showed suboptimal knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians from LMICs on fertility preservation and pregnancy after treatment completion in young women with breast cancer. Increasing awareness and education on these aspects are needed to improve adherence to available guidelines and to promote patients' oncofertility counseling.
HIV and Hodgkin Lymphoma Survival: A Prospective Study in Botswana
Authors: Moahi Kaelo , Ralefala Tlotlo , Nkele Isaac , Triedman Scott , Sohani Aliyah , Musimar Zola , Efstathiou Jason , Armand Philipe , Lockman Shahin , Dryden-Peterson Scott 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE People living with HIV (PLWH) experience increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) despite effective initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In high-income countries, outcomes following HIV HL have been reported to be non-differential, or inferior for PLWH. We sought to assess the effect of HIV on HL survival in Botswana, an African country with a generalized HIV epidemic and high ART coverage, to describe a context more reflective of global HIV populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the Thabatse Cancer Cohort, consenting participants initiating treatment for HL at one of four cancer centers in Botswana were enrolled from 2010 to 2020. Patients were followed quarterly for up to 5 years. The impact of HIV on survival following treatment initiation was assessed using an inverse probability–weighted Cox marginal structural model adjusted for age, performance status, and disease stage. RESULTS Seventy-eight new HL cases were enrolled, 47 (60%) were PLWH and 31 (40%) were HIV-uninfected. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The majority (61%) of patients presented with regional disease (stage I or II) with no statistically significant difference by HIV status ( P = .38). Nearly all (87%) PLWH participants were on ART before their HL diagnosis (median ART duration 42 months), and median CD4 count was 413 cells/μL (interquartile range 253-691). Survival, in unadjusted analyses, was lower among patients without HIV compared with PLWH (log rank P = .021). In adjusted analysis, HIV infection was not significantly associated with survival in inverse probability–weighted Cox model (hazard ratio 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.16; P = .094). CONCLUSION In this cohort of patients treated for HL in Botswana, survival in PLWH (87% on long-standing ART) was at least as good as in individuals without HIV.
Human INHBB Gene Variant (c.1079T&gt;C:p.Met360Thr) Alters Testis Germ Cell Content, but Does Not Impact Fertility in Mice
Authors: Houston Brendan J , O’Connor Anne E , Wang Degang , Goodchild Georgia , Merriner D Jo , Luan Haitong , Conrad Don F , Nagirnaja Liina , Aston Kenneth I , Kliesch Sabine , Wyrwoll Margot J , Friedrich Corinna , Tüttelmann Frank , Harrison Craig , O’Bryan Moira K , Walton Kelly 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Testicular-derived inhibin B (α/β B dimers) acts in an endocrine manner to suppress pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), by blocking the actions of activins (β A/B/β A/B dimers). Previously, we identified a homozygous genetic variant (c.1079T&gt;C:p.Met360Thr) arising from uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 in the INHBB gene (β B-subunit of inhibin B and activin B) in a man suffering from infertility (azoospermia). In this study, we aimed to test the causality of the p.Met360Thr variant in INHBB and testis function. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate InhbbM364T/M364T mice, where mouse INHBB p.Met364 corresponds with human p.Met360. Surprisingly, we found that the testes of male InhbbM364T/M364T mutant mice were significantly larger compared with those of aged-matched wildtype littermates at 12 and 24 weeks of age. This was attributed to a significant increase in Sertoli cell and round spermatid number and, consequently, seminiferous tubule area in InhbbM364T/M364T males compared to wildtype males. Despite this testis phenotype, male InhbbM364T/M364T mutant mice retained normal fertility. Serum hormone analyses, however, indicated that the InhbbM364T variant resulted in reduced circulating levels of activin B but did not affect FSH production. We also examined the effect of this p.Met360Thr and an additional INHBB variant (c.314C&gt;T: p.Thr105Met) found in another infertile man on inhibin B and activin B in vitro biosynthesis. We found that both INHBB variants resulted in a significant disruption to activin B in vitro biosynthesis. Together, this analysis supports that INHBB variants that limit activin B production have consequences for testis composition in males.
A human stem cell resource to decipher the biochemical and cellular basis of neurodevelopmental defects in Lowe syndrome
Authors: Akhtar Bilal M. , Bhatia Priyanka , Acharya Shubhra , Sharma Sanjeev , Sharma Yojet , Bhuvanendran Nair Suseela Devi Aswathy , Ganapathy Kavina , Vasudevan Anil , Raghu Padinjat 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Human brain development is a complex process where multiple cellular and developmental events are coordinated to generate normal structure and function. Alteration in any of these events can impact brain development, manifesting clinically as neurodevelopmental disorders. Human genetic disorders of lipid metabolism often present with features of altered brain function. Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked recessive disease with features of altered brain function. LS results from mutations in OCRL1, which encodes a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase enzyme. However, the cellular mechanisms by which loss of OCRL1 leads to brain defects remain unknown. Human brain development involves several cellular and developmental features not conserved in other species and understanding such mechanisms remains a challenge. Rodent models of LS have been generated but failed to recapitulate features of the human disease. Here we describe the generation of human stem cell lines from LS patients. Further, we present biochemical characterization of lipid metabolism in patient cell lines and demonstrate their use as a ‘disease-in-a-dish’ model for understanding the mechanism by which loss of OCRL1 leads to altered cellular and physiological brain development.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Estrogens regulate early embryonic development of the olfactory sensory system via estrogen-responsive glia
Authors: Takesono Aya , Schirrmacher Paula , Scott Aaron , Green Jon M. , Lee Okhyun , Winter Matthew J. , Kudoh Tetsuhiro , Tyler Charles R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Estrogens are well-known to regulate development of sexual dimorphism of the brain; however, their role in embryonic brain development prior to sex-differentiation is unclear. Using estrogen biosensor zebrafish models, we found that estrogen activity in the embryonic brain occurs from early neurogenesis specifically in a type of glia in the olfactory bulb (OB), which we name estrogen-responsive olfactory bulb (EROB) cells. In response to estrogen, EROB cells overlay the outermost layer of the OB and interact tightly with olfactory sensory neurons at the olfactory glomeruli. Inhibiting estrogen activity using an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI182,780 (ICI), and/or EROB cell ablation impedes olfactory glomerular development, including the topological organisation of olfactory glomeruli and inhibitory synaptogenesis in the OB. Furthermore, activation of estrogen signalling inhibits both intrinsic and olfaction-dependent neuronal activity in the OB, whereas ICI or EROB cell ablation results in the opposite effect on neuronal excitability. Altering the estrogen signalling disrupts olfaction-mediated behaviour in later larval stage. We propose that estrogens act on glia to regulate development of OB circuits, thereby modulating the local excitability in the OB and olfaction-mediated behaviour.