bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian and Quasi-Lagrangian Models for Noninertial Pneumatic Soft Cylindrical Robots
Authors: Trejo-Ramos Christian-Alejandro , Olguín-Díaz Ernesto , Parra-Vega Vicente 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Current Lagrangian models for soft cylindrical robots (SCRs) have been developed under rigid body considerations, and therefore, body deformation properties have not been fully incorporated into these models. Thus, key deformation properties such as density variation, variable CoM, and time-varying inertia tensor are missing. In addition, the highly nonlinear dynamical couplings arising from deformation are also missing in deformable body-based formulations. In this paper, Lagrangian and quasi-Lagrangian models of a noninertial soft robot are developed under the essential modeling assumption that distance among particles varies. Such nonrigid body assumption introduces deformation properties that lead to a clear description of free-motion deformation dynamics subject to reaction forces. Altogether, our proposal gives rise to sound qualitative mathematical models that incorporate deformation phenomena, with well-posed structural properties. To exemplify quantitatively the usefulness of the proposed models, two simulation scenarios are presented and discussed. In the first one, the soft robot is fixed to the ground, while the second scenario, a soft robot is attached to a three-dimensional free-flying rigid frame.
Optimal Management of Reversible Heat Pump/Organic Rankine Cycle Carnot Batteries
Authors: Torricelli Noemi , Branchini Lisa , De Pascale Andrea , Dumont Olivier , Lemort Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the view of reducing the global greenhouse gas emissions, it becomes fundamental to exploit the renewable energy sources at their maximum potential by developing effective strategies for their flexible use. Among the available solutions to realize these strategies are the electric energy storage including the innovative pumped thermal energy storage technology (included in the Carnot battery concept). This can become very interesting in these applications where different energy flows must be handled (both electric and thermal), thanks to the possibility of adding the contribution of a waste heat source, in a thermally integrated energy storage. However, despite the several advantages, the state-of-the-art still lacks experiments and investigation of efficient control strategy for the Carnot battery when inserted into the process. As an original contribution to the current literature, this paper presents the off-design model of a reversible organic Rankine cycle (ORC)/heat pump (HP) Carnot battery configuration with the aim of employing it to simulate the performance of such system and discuss its optimal management when inserted into a generic process. An existing reversible HP/ORC kW-size prototype is considered as reference and its optimal control in both HP and ORC mode under different boundary conditions is assessed.
Cost-Minimizing Hexahedral Mesh Refinement by Sheet Inflation
Authors: Shen Chun , Wang Rui , Gao Shuming , Wu Haiyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel hexahedral refinement method is introduced which finds the optimal tradeoff between the number of inserted elements and inserted singularities according to user-prescribed weighting. The input of our algorithm is the hexahedral mesh with quads tagged for refinement. The quad sets to be inserted by sheet inflation are determined by solving a integer optimization problem to minimize the number of inserted elements and inserted singularities while maintaining mesh consistency. Finally, we design the optimized sheet structures by selecting the optimal local shrink set at the cross section of intersecting quad sets to ensure the quality of mesh refinement. The refinement scheme can be applied iteratively until the mesh density meets the requirements. Experimental results for some mechanical parts verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Calculation of Nuclear Reactor Cooling Tower Performance With Limited Data Streams
Authors: Katinas Christopher , Reichardt Thomas , d’Entremont Brian , Ray William , Willis Michael , Kulp Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monitoring of cooling tower performance in a nuclear reactor facility is necessary to ensure safe operation; however, instrumentation for measuring performance characteristics can be difficult to install and may malfunction or break down over long duration experiments. This paper describes employing a thermodynamic approach to quantify cooling tower performance, the Merkel model, which requires only five parameters, namely, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, liquid mass flowrate, gas mass flowrate, and wet bulb temperature. Using this model, a general method to determine cooling tower operation for a nuclear reactor was developed in situations when neither the outlet water temperature nor gas mass flowrate are available, the former being a critical piece of information to bound the Merkel integral. Furthermore, when multiple cooling tower cells are used in parallel (as would be in the case of large-scale cooling operations), only the average outlet temperature of the cooling system is used as feedback for fan speed control, increasing the difficulty of obtaining the outlet water temperature for each cell. To address these shortcomings, this paper describes a method to obtain individual cell outlet water temperatures for mechanical forced-air cooling towers via parametric analysis and optimization. In this method, the outlet water temperature for an individual cooling tower cell is acquired as a function of the liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G). Leveraging the tight tolerance on the average outlet water temperature, an error function is generated to describe the deviation of the parameterized L/G to the highly controlled average outlet temperature. The method was able to determine the gas flowrate at rated conditions to be within 3.9% from that obtained from the manufacturer’s specification, while the average error for the four individual cooling cell outlet water temperatures were 1.6 °C, −0.5 °C, −1.0 °C, and 0.3 °C.
A Comparison of the Fuel Economy Estimates of a Drive Cycle Developed Using the Road Load Energy Criterion and the Actual On-Road Fuel Economy in a Private Vehicle in the Philippines
Authors: Corpus Robert Michael , Lomotan Robert James , Vasquez Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study presents a comparison of the fuel economy between a drive cycle developed using the road load energy as an assessment parameter and the actual on road fuel consumption of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) passenger van. Second by second velocity as well as fuel consumption were recorded as the test vehicle traverses a 33 - kilometer pre-determined route in Quezon city, Philippines. The data were processed to generate a drive cycle using the modified Markov Chain approach. A user defined compression ratio was used to determine the length of the generated drive cycle. It was then tested on a chassis dynamometer to measure the fuel economy of the drive cycle. The road load energy, fuel economy, average speed, maximum acceleration and percent idle time were used as assessment variables to determine the quality of the drive cycles developed. Three drive cycles using different compression ratios were generated and yielded the following results: A 676 second cycle which has a 2.22% road load energy error and a 4.9% difference in fuel consumption, the 801 second cycle yielded a 3.06% energy error and 2.8% fuel consumption difference and a 901 second cycle with a 1.34% energy error and a 1.2% difference in fuel consumption. The results suggest that the road load energy criterion is a parameter that can be used to generate drive cycles that will give good on-road fuel economy estimation.
Halotolerant Terephthalic Acid-Degrading Bacteria of the Genus Glutamicibacter
Authors: Yastrebova O. V. , Malysheva A. A. , Plotnikova E. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Terephthalic acid (TPA) is an isomer of ortho-phthalic acid, which is widely used in the chemical industry to produce artificial fibers and plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate; it is a widespread environmental pollutant. The ability of two strains of Glutamicibacter spp. PB8-1 (=ВКМ Ac-2934D) and BO25 (=ВКМ Ac2935D) isolated from the salt mining area (Perm krai, Russia) to grow using terephthalic acid as the only source of carbon and energy was studied. The strains PB8-1 and BO25 could utilize high concentrations of TPA (30 g/L), which was shown for TPA-degrading bacteria for the first time. Strains PB8-1 and BO25 were halotolerant bacteria: they grew in the NaCl-free medium or at NaCl concentrations of up to 90 g/L in a rich medium and up to 60 g/L in a mineral medium supplemented with TPA. No bacteria capable of degrading TPA under saline conditions were previously described. The growth of the strain BO25 using TPA was accompanied by the accumulation and subsequent degradation of protocatechuic acid (PCA), suggesting that the TPA metabolism occurred through PCA, which was previously described for bacteria of different taxa, including actinobacteria. Thus, TPA-degrading strains Glutamicibacter spp. PB8-1 and BO25 are promising for the development of bioremediation methods for saline soils and wastewater contaminated with TPA.
Current Challenges for German Business in the Russian Market
Authors: Kotov A. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The reaction of leading German companies in the Russian market after the start of the special military operation on the territory of Ukraine is considered. Companies interested in resolving the situation as soon as possible decided whether to leave the Russian market or not. The author analyzed the decisions of firms in the general context of winding down German business activities after 2014. After the acute phase of the pandemic ended, trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Germany showed a tendency to recover. However, since February 24, 2022, German companies with a small number of exceptions have generally supported anti-Russian sanctions. The conceptual typology of firms’ decisions, i.e., exit, activity compression, stabilization, and continuation of work in a difficult environment, is explored. It is concluded that the long-term trajectory of the real actions of German companies has fundamentally changed. The analysis made it possible to establish that the foundation of pragmatic market relations towards Russia is being eroded in the German foreign economic policy. This explains why German companies declare their willingness to pay. If during the annexation of Crimea to Russia groups of lobbyists for the interests of the German economy fought to maintain contacts, now such efforts are coming to naught.
Identifying latent classes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) consequences in a sample of collegiate female cross country runners
Authors: Carson Traci Lyn , West Brady T , Sonneville Kendrin , Zernicke Ronald F , Clarke Philippa , Harlow Sioban , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify patterns of clustering of the 10 health consequences identified in the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) framework among collegiate female Cross-Country runners. We also assessed risk characteristics associated with each cluster.MethodsThis randomly sampled population included 211 current National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) female cross country runners who completed a quantitative survey. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to group athletes into mutually exclusive classes based on shared response patterns of RED-S consequences. We computed descriptive statistics to identify demographics, personal characteristics, disordered eating and emotional health characteristics associated with each class.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 21 years with mean body mass index 20.4 kg/m2. The LCA identified three unique classes of potential RED-S presentations: (1) low probability of RED-S consequences; (2) complex physical and psychological concerns with a higher burden of cardiovascular concern and (3) very high probability of anxiety with high burden of menstrual disturbance, bone injury and gastrointestinal concern. All classes were characterised by high levels of menstrual disturbance and distinguished by the number and burden of other potential RED-S consequences and in reported abuse history, emotional regulation and perfectionism.ConclusionThis study identified a high burden of menstrual disturbance in NCAA D1 cross country runners, and three unique presentations of RED-S consequences. Future research is warranted to better understand how early prevention and intervention strategies may mitigate RED-S consequences in distance runners.
Efficacy of a smartphone-based care support programme in improving post-traumatic stress in families with childhood cancer: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Jun , Qian Han-Zhu , Peng Yueyang , Xiang Yali , Yang Minghua , Hahne Jessica , Gu Can 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDiagnosis and treatment represent distressing experiences for the families of children with cancer. Psychosocial challenges are faced by these families in China because of limited health services and resources for psychosocial oncology care. Effective interventions tailored to the knowledge level and cultural values of this population are needed. The goal of this study is to evaluate a smartphone-based care support (SBCS) programme for the families of children with cancer in China.Methods and analysisA parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of an evidence-based and culturally tailored SBCS programme for the families of children with cancer in China. A total of 180 families will be recruited. The intervention will consist of an introduction session and four main sessions and will be conducted sequentially on a single weekend day. Participating families will be included in the intervention group. The post-traumatic stress and quality of life of families will be evaluated at baseline, during the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this protocol has been obtained from the Nursing and Behavioural Medicine Research Ethics Review Committee, Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University (Protocol #: E2020125). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000040510.
Psychological and situational factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention among postpartum women in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Premji Shahirose Sadrudin , Khademi Sahar , Forcheh Ntonghanwah , Lalani Sharifa , Shaikh Kiran , Javed Arshia , Saleem Erum , Babar Neelofur , Muhabat Qamarunissa , Jabeen Nigar , Nausheen Sidrah , Shahid Ali Shahnaz 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesContributing factors to COVID-19 vaccination intention in low-income and middle-income countries have received little attention. This study examined COVID-19-related anxiety and obsessive thoughts and situational factors associated with Pakistani postpartum women’s intention to get COVID-19 vaccination.DesignCross-sectional study administering a survey by a telephone interview format between 15 July and 10 September 2020.SettingFour centres of Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children—Garden, Kharadar, Karimabad and Hyderabad—in Sindh Province, Pakistan.ParticipantsWomen who were enrolled in our longitudinal Pakistani cohort study were approached (n=1395), and 990 women (71%) participated in the survey, of which 941 women who were in their postpartum period were included in the final analysis.Primary outcome measure and factorsCOVID-19 vaccine intention, sociodemographic and COVID-19-related factors, Coronavirus anxiety, obsession with COVID-19 and work and social adjustment were assessed. Multiple multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with women’s intentions.ResultsMost women would accept a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves (66.7%). Only 24.4% of women were undecided about vaccination against COVID-19, and a small number of women rejected the COVID-19 vaccine (8.8%). Women with primary education were less likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine willingly than those with higher education. COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty and refusal were predicted by having no experience of COVID-19 infection, childbirth during the pandemic, having no symptoms of Coronavirus anxiety and obsession with COVID-19. Predictors for women’s intention to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 were similar.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors shaping women’s intention to vaccinate themselves or their children would enable evidence-based strategies by healthcare providers to enhance the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and achieve herd immunity against Coronavirus.
Clonidine as analgesia during retinopathy of prematurity screening in preterm infants (cloROP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Carlsen Misic Martina , Eriksson Mats , Normann Erik , Pettersson Miriam , Blomqvist Ylva , Olsson Emma 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPreterm infants are at risk of negative consequences from stress and pain at the same time as they often are in need of intensive care that includes painful interventions. One of the frequent painful procedures preterm infants undergo is eye examination screening to detect early signs of ROP (retinopathy of prematurity). These examinations are both stressful and painful, and despite a multitude of research studies, no conclusive pain-relieving treatment has been demonstrated. The main aim of this trial is to investigate the analgesic effect of clonidine during ROP eye examinations.Methods and analysisThe planned study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial with a crossover design. Infants will be recruited from two different neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Sweden. Infants born before gestation week 30 (and therefore eligible for ROP screening) and cared for in either of the NICUs will be eligible for inclusion in the study. The primary outcome will be Premature Infant Pain Profile–Revised score within 30 s after starting the examination. Secondary outcomes will be changes in the galvanic skin response parameters (area small peaks, area huge peaks, peaks per second and average rise time) within 30 s after starting the eye examination, together with the number and evaluation of adverse events reported within 72 hours after the examination and the examining physician’s assessment of how easy the infant was to examine.Ethics and disseminationApproval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency has been obtained for the study. Parents of eligible infants will be getting both verbal and written information about the study including that participation is voluntary. Data will be collected and treated in accordance with the European general data protection regulations. The results will be reported on group level and published in a scientific journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04902859).EudraCT (2021-003005-21).
Protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative effectiveness of surgical interventions for primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Kang Donghwee , Lee Joo Eon , Son Eunji , Ha Ahnul , Kim Young Kook 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPrimary congenital glaucoma (PCG), a type of childhood glaucoma, is primarily treated surgically to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Failure to intervene could result in partial, or even total, blindness. Various surgical intervention types have been proposed for PCG, though the evidence on comparative effectiveness remains limited. The current protocol is an ongoing network meta-analysis enabling comparative investigation of surgical interventions for which randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are available. Our aim is to systematically compare the efficacy of various types of surgical intervention for patients with PCG.Methods and analysisStudies of interest will assess the effects of those surgical interventions on surgery-naïve children (age <18 years) suffering PCG. RCTs regardless of language or publication date will be searched from three electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and MEDLINE) from 4 April 2022. Two reviewers will screen, first, titles and abstracts, followed by full-text papers, for useful data that they will extract. The primary outcome measure will be the IOP-lowering effect of a given surgical intervention. The two reviewers also will assess the internal validity of studies using the relevant and domain-based risk-of-bias assessment tool. Overall evidence quality will be assessed according to the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis approach and will be presented in summarised form with network diagrams. For enhanced visualisation of the included interventions’ effects, forest plots will be constructed. Pairwise effect sizes also will be calculated based on the evidence that is available in the network.Ethics and disseminationThis work will synthesise evidence obtained from published studies, and as such, no ethics review or approval will be required. A paper presenting the findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022313954.
Cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the impact of an activity enabling uniform on primary school student’s fitness and physical activity: study protocol for the Active WeAR Everyday (AWARE) study
Authors: Nathan Nicole , McCarthy Nicole , Hall Alix , Shoesmith Adam , Lane Cassandra , Jackson Rebecca , Sutherland Rachel , Groombridge Daniel , Reeves Penny , Boyer James , Duggan Bernadette , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMulticomponent school-based physical activity (PA) interventions can improve students’ cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and PA. Due to the complex nature of such interventions when delivered at scale their effect sizes markedly reduce. Modifying student school uniforms, so that they are more PA enabling, may be a simple intervention that could enhance student health. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the effectiveness of an activity enabling uniform intervention (shorts, polo shirt and sports shoes) in improving children’s CRF.Methods and analysisA cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 24 primary schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Schools will be randomly allocated to either intervention or usual practice following baseline data collection. Active WeAR Everyday intervention schools will allow students in grades 4–6 (aged approx. 9–12 years) to wear their existing sports uniform (shorts, polo shirt and sports shoes) every day. To avoid any financial cost to students they will be provided with two additional sports shirts and one pair of shorts. Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 9 months postbaseline. The primary outcome is students’ CRF measured using the 20 m multistage fitness test. Secondary outcomes include students’: mean daily steps and steps/minute measured via accelerometer, quality of life, mental well-being and perceived PA self-efficacy. The acceptability, feasibility and cost of the intervention will be assessed. Analyses will be performed using an intention-to-treat framework. Linear mixed effects regression models will be used to assess intervention effects on the primary outcome at follow-up. Planned exploratory analyses will examine effects by subgroups (eg, gender).Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from Hunter New England Local Health District Human Ethics Committee (2020/ETHO2602) the University of Newcastle, Human Research Ethics Committee (H-2021-0013), NSW Department of Education (SERAP: 2020387) and Catholic School Offices.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000201875.