bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and clinical outcome of primary carcinomas of the major salivary glands: 10-year data from a population-based state cancer registry in Germany
Authors: Nachtsheim Lisa , Mayer Marcel , Meyer Moritz , Oesterling Florian , Kajueter Hiltraud , Arolt Christoph , Quaas Alexander , Klussmann Jens Peter , Wolber Philipp 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this project was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of primary salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) in terms of incidence, distribution of clinicopathological features and survival in one of the largest cancer registries in Europe. Methods: Data were collected from patients with SGC of the major salivary glands registered in the population-based state cancer registry (Landeskrebsregister LKR) in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany from 01/01/2009 – 12/31/2018. Age standardization of incidence was performed and relative survival estimates were computed by sex, histological group, age group and T-, N-, and M-Stage. Results: A total of 1,680 patients were included in this analysis. The most frequent tumor localization was the parotid gland (78 %). Adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) was the most common tumor entity (18.5 %). Most tumors were found in stage T1-T3 (29 % T1; 29 % T2; 28 % T3). The age-adjusted incidence rate (ASR) for SGC was 0.65/100,000 and remained stable during the observation period. There was an age-dependent incidence increasing especially from the age 70 years and onwards. The overall 5-year relative survival (RS) for all patients with SGC was 69.2 %. RS was 80-95.6 % for T1-2 stage tumors, 60.3 % for T3, 47.3 % for T4 stage, 87.4 % for N0 and 51.2 % for N1-2, 74.4 % for M0 and 44.9 % for M1. Conclusion: Age-adjusted incidence for SGC has been stable for the observed 10-year period. Smaller tumors and those without lymph node or distant metastases had a better RS than more advanced tumors.
Brazilian Protected Areas on Twitter: A 10-year Overview
Authors: Souza Carolina Neves , Almeida João A. G. R. , Correia Ricardo A. , Ladle Richard J. , Carvalho Adriana Rosa , Malhado Ana C. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Social media platforms are a valuable source of data for investigating cultural and political trends related to the public interest in nature and conservation. Here, we use the micro-blogging social network Twitter to explore trends in public interest in Brazilian protected areas (PAs). We identified ~400,000 Portuguese language tweets pertaining to all categories of Brazilian PAs over a ten-year period (1 January 2011 - 31 December 2020). We analyzed the content of these tweets and metrics of their engagement to uncover patterns and drivers of public engagement with Brazilian PAs. Our results indicate a steep growth in tweets mentioning protected areas, especially from 2016 onwards. Nevertheless, public interest was not evenly distributed across PAs: while national parks generated the most tweets, mainly related to tourism activities, tweets related to conflicts among park users and managers were more likely to engage Twitter users. Our study clearly highlights that automatic or semi-automatic monitoring of social media content and engagement has great potential as an early warning system to identify emerging conflicts and to generate data and metrics to support environmental policy and management at the level of individual PAs or PA networks.
AI based Optimization of EV Control based on Fractional Order PID Controller and Meta-Heuristic Techniques
Authors: Aboshosha Ashraf , Hamed Hisham. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Within the next decades the Electric Vehicle (EV) will dominate the cars market, may be before 2040, where all countries will cope with the zero emissions policy of international institutions to reduce the destructive influence of the climate change. The EVs are simpler in construction and control compared with the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. EV’s speed is the most important factors to be controlled and optimized. Throughout this research article the Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller has been used to regulate the speed of the EV while meta-heuristic techniques (AEFA, AEO, SMA, GOA, AND WCA) are used to optimize the performance of the EV using Brush Less Direct Motor (BLDC).
Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Edwardsiella tarda Bacteremia at a Single Institution, Japan, 2005-2022
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Kenya Murata , Suzuki Kumiko , Ogawa Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Edwardsiella tarda is an Enterobacteriaceae isolated from freshwater and sea that can cause bacteremia in humans. However, only a few studies have described its clinical features; therefore, we conducted a case review in our hospital.
Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective descriptive study using electronic medical records. Patient and microbial features were extracted and evaluated for 30-day and 90-day mortality rates.
Results
From April 2005 to April 2022, the total number of positive blood cultures was 9368, 38 of which were E. tarda. Underlying cancer was observed in 65.8% of patients. The most common source of bacteremia was cholangitis, followed by cholecystitis, and endoscopic or surgical drainage was performed in almost all cases. Diarrhea was observed in only one patient, and there were no cases in which gastroenteritis was the source of bacteremia. Except in one case, almost all β-lactams, such as ampicillin, were susceptible. The 30-day and 90-day overall mortality rates were 8.6% and 17.2%, respectively, with only two infection-related deaths occurring within 30 days. Most patients die of cancer progression after successful E. tarda bacteremia (ETB) treatment.
Conclusion
Biliary tract infections are common in ETB cases, whereas gastroenteritis may be an atypical cause of bacteremia. This study shows ETB to have a better prognosis than in previous reports, possibly because adequate source control procedures were performed at our institution. ETB may occur in patients with unfavorable underlying conditions, such as advanced cancer.
Rhabdoid type squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and genetic analyses for the expression of E-cadherin and CDH1
Authors: Kusafuka Kimihide , Yamada Hidetaka , Ishino Keiko , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kubota Aki , Murakami Akinori , Muramatsu Aya , Arai Kazumori , Sugimura Haruhiko , Suzuki Makoto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck is one of the most common types of cancer. SCC of the head and neck with rhabdoid features has been previously reported and is extremely rare. Case Presentation: We extracted rhabdoid SCC (RSCC) cases from the pathology files of our institution from 2000 to 2020. Three cases of RSCC were extracted, including cases 1, 2 and 3, investigating a 71-year-old male (hypopharynx), a 59-year-old male (oropharynx), and a 69-year-old female (lower gingiva), respectively. Histology analyses in all cases showed a diffuse proliferation of less-/non-cohesive, large, ovoid cells with eccentric nuclei. The immunohistochemical analysis in all cases indicated carcinoma cells were positive for both pan-cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin in all cases. Cases 1 and 2 showed no or decreased E-cadherin expression, respectively. Case 1 showed no expression of β-catenin, whereas Case 2 showed cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin. Genetic analyses of cases 1and 2 showed no mutations of CDH1. RSCC was diagnosed in these cases. This subtype was accompanied by conventional SCC in cases 1 and 3, whereas it originally showed histologic similarities with case 2. Conclusion: RSCC might be arise from the conventional SCC, which is considered a kind of high-grade transformation, and such morphogenesis is associated with no or aberrant E-cadherin expression, as well as with the co-expression of CK and vimentin.
Epidemiological characterization and outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a third level of attention hospital in Honduras: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alas-Pineda César , Aguilar-Andino David , Marín-Reyes Mariela , España-Guevara Kelsy , Romero-Madrid Jorge Luis , Gaitán-Zambrano Kristhel , Bejarano-Cáceres Suyapa , Martínez-Beckerat Roxana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: ALL is the most common malignancy in children representing 75-80% of acute leukemia in pediatric patients. Due to advances in ALL management and treatment, the survival rate in industrialized countries has improved to approximately 90% in recent years. However, in low and middle-income nations overall survival is lower. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic and disease characteristics of Honduran pediatric population throughout the initial diagnosis and treatment, and their respective outcomes. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cohort was carried out. A total of 240 clinical records of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis were enrolled, at the Hospital Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas between January 2016 and December 2020. Descriptive statistics were used, frequencies and percentages of categorical variables were obtained, and the median and interquarterly ranges of quantitative variables were worked on. Results: 54,8% were male. The median age at diagnosis is 5 years old. The 60,2% came from an urban area. The 85,8% were classified as precursor B-cell, 9,1% as T cell, 2,7% as undetermined B cell, and 0,9% B cell. 63,5% were classified as high risk. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the adequate classification of patients allows to provide a timely therapeutic management, it is necessary to generate protocols focused on improving the prognosis and decreasing the high mortality rates.
Analysis of aroma in freshly squeezed strawberry juice during cold storage by E-nose, HS-SPME-GC-MS and GC-IMS
Authors: Zhang Jing-wen , Pan Lei-qing , Tu Kang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
“Hong Yan” (HY) and “Xiao Bai” (XB) strawberries were planted widely in Jiangsu province. Aroma profile affecting the economic value of HY and XB freshly squeezed juice during cold storage (4 ± 1 ºC) is unclear. Thus, flavor of “Hong Yan” (HY) and “Xiao Bai” (XB) strawberry freshly squeezed juice were studied by electronic nose (E-nose), headspace solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) during storage at 4 ± 1 ºC. HY and XB freshly squeezed juice could be distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in E-nose analysis during cold storage. 17 and 21 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HY and XB freshly squeezed juice at different storage time were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS, while 50 VOCs in both by GC-IMS, including esters, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Characteristic VOCs were identified as hexanal, methylpropanal, 5-methyl-furfural, 2-furfural, benzy alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2,6 dimethyl-4-heptanone and dipropyl disulfide in HY freshly squeezed juice, while hexyl acetate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, propyl hexanoate, octanal, (E)-2-octenal and 2-furfural in XB freshly squeezed juice. Results from this study advanced the understanding of VOCs in HY and XB freshly squeezed strawberry juice and could provide the basis for the in-depth research on the flavor characteristic of freshly squeezed strawberry juice.
IRAK2 contributes to triple-negative breast cancer growth via NF-κB, ERK and stress-related signaling pathways
Authors: Ferraro Francesca , Steinle Anja , Narasimhan Harini , Bleilevens Andreas , Braunschweig Till , Stickeler Elmar , Maurer Jochen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PurposeWe previously screened kinases whose depletion elicited a differentiation response of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-468. In particular, we demonstrated that the downregulation of the kinases ERN1 and ALPK1 affected cellular proliferation, self-renewal and tumor-forming capacity. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) was identified in the screening and IRAK2 is highly enriched in our established breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) isolated from human tumors of TNBC. Therefore, we wondered if IRAK2 depletion could affect BCSCs growth. MethodsWe downregulated IRAK2 in BCSCs and MDA-MB-468 by lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting and assessed the effects of the knockdown evaluating keratins expression, cellular proliferation and self-renewal capacity. We injected the cells into the mammary glands of mice to evaluate the impact of IRAK2 knockdown on their tumor-forming capacity. We investigated the expression of genes belonging to IRAK2 pathway and related to cancer proliferation, UPR, autophagy and apoptosis in presence of IRAK2 downregulation. We performed transcriptome analysis to have an overview of the pathways affected by the knockdown. Results Cells characterized by IRAK2 downregulation exhibited decreased proliferation, sphere-forming capacity and delayed tumor formation. IRAK2 knockdown impaired NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation, IL-6 and cyclin D1 expression. Moreover, IRAK2 downregulation mitigated ERN1 signalling and autophagy, pathways adopted by cells to manage stress conditions, and induced apoptosis.ConclusionWe showed that IRAK2 contributes to TNBC tumorigenicity and its knockdown compromises cellular ability to sustain aggressive growth and to endure cellular stress. Therefore we suggest IRAK2 as a promising target for the impairment of TNBC.
Validation of dynamic [18F]FE-PE2I PET for estimation of relative regional cerebral blood flow – a comparison with [15O]H2O PET
Authors: Mo Susanna Jakobson , Axelsson Jan , Stiernman Lars , Riklund Katrine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is used in the diagnostic work-up in suspected parkinsonian syndromes and dementia with Lewy-bodies but cannot differentiate between these syndromes, and an extra brain imaging examination of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or glucose metabolism is often needed for differential diagnosis. The requirement of two different imaging examinations is resource consuming and inconvenient for the patients. Therefore, a dual-phase imaging concept, i.e. imaging of both cortical blood flow and DAT imaging with the same radiotracer would be more convenient and cost-effective. The aim of this study was to test whether relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBFR) can be measured with the DAT specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]FE-PE2I (FE-PE2I), by validation with cerebral perfusion measured with [15O]H2O PET (H2O).
Methods
The linear relationship and intraclass correlation (ICC) between rCBFR measured with FE-PE2I (R1) and H2O (F) was tested in image data derived from 29 patients with recent onset parkinsonism and 29 healthy controls. The R1 was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model, and F was calculated with a modified Koopman double-integration method.
Results
There was a strong linear correlation between R1 and F in the frontal, parietal, temporal, cingulate and occipital cortex as well as in the striatum (r ≥ 0.705–0.920, p < 0.001) with a good to excellent ICC, ranging from 0.716 to 0.942 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that FE-PE2I may be used as a proxy for cerebral perfusion, thus potentially serve as a radiotracer for assessment of both DAT availability and rCBFR in one single dynamic scan. This could be valuable in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.
Supporting Syringe Services Programs in the Initiation &amp; Scale-Up of Vaccine Administration— Findings from In-depth Interviews
Authors: Carry Monique G. , Bixler Danae , Weng Mark K. , Doshani Mona , Roberts Emma , Montgomery Martha P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for several vaccine-preventable diseases. However, vaccination rates among this population remain low. While syringe services programs (SSPs) are places where PWID feel comfortable accessing services, few offer vaccination services. This study describes facilitators and barriers to vaccination at SSPs.MethodsWe used convenience sampling to conduct in-depth interviews with 21 SSPs in the United States from June-August 2021. Interview questions asked SSPs about their perceptions, priorities, barriers, facilitators, and the effects of partnerships and policies on vaccine administration.ResultsEight (n=8) SSPs offered vaccinations, and thirteen (n=13) did not offer vaccinations. Most SSPs believed offering vaccination services was important, although addressing SSP participants’ immediate needs often took precedence. Staffing, physical space and logistical issues were the most common barriers to vaccine administration reported by SSPs, followed by SSP participant-related barriers. Facilitators of vaccine administration included access to a tracking system, partnering with agencies or other organizations providing vaccines, and having a licensed vaccination provider on-site. Partnerships provided SSPs opportunities to expand capacity but could also restrict how SSPs operate. Recommended policy changes to facilitate vaccine administration included subsidizing the cost of vaccinations and addressing restrictions around who could administer vaccinations. ConclusionsIncreasing the availability of vaccination services at SSPs requires addressing the varying capacity needs of SSPs, such as tracking systems, licensed vaccinators, and free or low-cost vaccination supplies. While these needs can be met through partnerships and supportive policies, both must consider and reflect cultural competence around the lived experiences of PWID.
Near-digital amplification in paper improves sensitivity and speed in biplexed reactions
Authors: Shah Kamal G. , Kumar Sujatha , Yager Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The simplest point-of-care assays are usually paper and plastic devices that detect proteins or nucleic acids at low cost and minimal user steps, albeit with poor limits of detection. Digital assays improve limits of detection and analyte quantification by splitting a sample across many wells (or droplets), preventing diffusion, and performing analyte amplification and detection in multiple small wells. However, truly digital nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) require costly consumable cartridges that are precisely manufactured, aligned, and operated to enable low detection limits. In this section, we demonstrate how to implement near-digital NAATs in low-cost porous media while approaching the low limits of detection of digital assays. The near-digital NAAT was enabled by a paper membrane containing lyophilized amplification reagents that automatically, passively meters and distributes a sample over a wide area. Performing a NAAT in the paper membrane while allowing diffusion captures many of the benefits of digital NAATs if the pad is imaged at a high spatial resolution during amplification. We show that the near-digital NAAT is compatible with a low-cost paper and plastic disposable cartridge coupled to a 2-layer rigid printed circuit board heater (the MD NAAT platform). We also demonstrate compatibility with biplexing and imaging with mobile phones with different camera sensors. Limits of detection for biplexed reactions were 316 copies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA in 20.5 minutes of amplification time despite the presence of 105 copies of co-amplifying internal amplification control DNA. These results suggest that near-digital NAATs in paper improve the sensitivity and speed, even in biplexed reactions.
Investigating Students’ Perceptions Towards Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education
Authors: Buabbas Ali Jasem , Miskin Brouj Amer , Ayed Adel Khudar , Alnaqi Ammar Ali , Shehab Abrar Abdulmohsen , Safar Maryam Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: Implementing a reform in medical education requires students’ awareness regarding the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern medicine practice. This study aimed to investigate students’ perceptions towards AI in medical education.Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 2021 until November 2021, using an online questionnaire to collect data from medical students in the faculty of medicine at Kuwait University.Results: The response rate was 51.0%, with a sample size of 352. The majority agreed that AI will play an important role in healthcare (349 (99.1%)). More than half of the students understood the basic principles of AI; and 329 (93.4%) students showed comfortability with AI terminology. Many students (329 (83.5%)) believed that learning about AI benefits their careers, and 289 (82.1%) believed that medical students should receive AI teaching.Conclusion: The study reveals students had positive perceptions towards AI. The role of AI in the future of medicine is significant. AI-dominated medical practice is required, and AI will not displace doctors but will create new roles.
Outcomes of a Near-peer Intern Orientation Boot Camp
Authors: Alhusain Rashid , Saini Astha , Minhas Hersimren , Ahmed Ahmed K. , Bishop Patrick , Osman Baraa , Khan Hajra , Adam Omeralfaroug , Weinberger Jarrett J. , Levine Diane L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Interns experience challenges in their transition from medical school to residency. Orientation is traditionally delivered by faculty and administrators and often does not address the intern’s daily duties.Objectives: Address traditional orientation gaps and improve incoming interns’ experience.Methods: We identified opportunities with our intern orientation using a quality improvement methodology. Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycle 1 consisted of a pilot boot camp. PDSA cycle 2 was conducted over two weeks, June 9-23, 2021, at the Detroit Medical Center, in Detroit, MI. Participation was voluntary. Residents were assigned incoming interns on a 1:1 basis. Five virtual sessions were conducted addressing: daily workflow, documentation, presentation skills, and utilization of the Electronic Health Records (EHR). All participants received pre- and post-program surveys.Results: 22 rising second-year and third-year residents (26%) and 22 incoming interns (58%) participated. There was a significant improvement in the understanding of daily workflow (mean improved by 0.957, p=0.003), and most tasks associated with EHR including comfort with the sign-out process (mean improved by 1.21; p=0.002), accessing specific team lists (mean improved by 1.75, p=0.001), writing orders (mean improved by 1.41; p=0.002), composing documentation (mean improved by 1.23; p=0.001). Writing notes improved significantly (mean improved by 0.52; p=0.04). Nearly all (93.2%) stated the program effectively achieved its overall goals and believed (92.9%) the program should be continued for each incoming class of interns.Conclusion: A targeted orientation boot camp led by near peers positively impacted the intern experience improving understanding of day-to-day responsibilities and comfort utilizing the electronic health record.