bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monopoly capitalism in the past four decades
Authors: Sawyer Malcolm 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Monopoly capitalism can be seen as ‘actually existing neo-liberalism’, and the ‘worship of markets’ from doctrines of neo-liberalism operates to support monopoly capitalism. In recent decades, there has been an evolution from forms of national monopoly capitalism to transnational monopoly capitalism. Aspects of the processes of financialisation are explored for relevance for the evolution of monopoly capitalism. Recent trends in concentration and market power are consistent with the monopoly capitalism analysis, and review the links with profitability and investment. Ideas of secular stagnation have long been associated with monopoly capitalism, and that association is revisited in light of recent economic experience.
Exploring behavioral traits over different contexts in four species of Australian funnel-web spiders
Authors: Hernandez Duran Linda , Wilson David Thomas , Rymer Tasmin Lee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAustralian funnel-web spiders are arguably the most venomous spiders in the world, with much research focusing on this aspect of their biology. However, other aspects related to their life history, ecology and behaviour have been overlooked. For the first time, we assessed repeatability, namely risk-taking behaviour, aggressiveness and activity in the contexts of predation, conspecific tolerance and exploration of a new territory in four species of Australian funnel-web spiders: two are closely related, Hadronyche valida and H. infensa, and two have overlapping distributions but occupy different habitats, H. cerberea and Atrax robustus. We also compared behaviors between species. At the species level, we found that H. valida showed consistency in risk-taking behavior when exposed to a predator stimulus, aggressiveness against conspecifics, and exploration of a new territory. In contrast, in the other species, only A. robustus showed repeatability in the context of exploration of a new territory. These results suggest that some behavioral traits are likely more flexible than others, and that the repeatability of behaviors may be species-specific in funnel-webs. When we compared species, we found differences in risk-taking behavior and defensiveness. This study provides novel insights to understanding variation in behavioral traits within and between species of funnel-web spiders, suggesting that some behavioral traits are likely context and/or species dependent, as a result of their evolutionary history. These findings provide key insights for understanding the ecological role of behavior and venom deployment in venomous animals, and a greater understanding of behavior in these medically significant and iconic spiders that are of conservation concern.
With M-protein positive, could transthyretin amyloidosis be easily excluded? Not necessarily! Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis with Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia: a case report
Authors: Kinoshita Haruyuki , Sugino Hiroshi , Ishikawa Akira , Kido Miki , Kanegawa Munehiro , Kashiwabara Ayano , Sumimoto Yoji , Masada Kenji , Shimonaga Takashi , Oka Toshiharu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Generally, it is said that amyloid light-chain (AL) develops not only in multiple myeloma but also in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. We experienced a case of M-protein positive and diagnosed as wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) accompanied with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.

Case summary
The patient was 72-year-old male, and the main complaint was dyspnoea in April 2020 and visited a nearby doctor. He was introduced to the Department of Haematology at our hospital for high levels of serum immunoglobulin M, M-protein positivity, and cardiac hypertrophy with a suspect of AL amyloidosis. Duodenal mucosal biopsy and abdominal skin biopsy showed no amyloid deposits, and left iliac bone marrow biopsy diagnosed Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia and with no amyloid, and Kumamoto criteria score 1. Last of all, ATTRwt was diagnosed for endocardial biopsy.

Discussion
This is a very rare case of ATTRwt with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia.
Low dose peripheral systemic thrombolysis for treatment of intermediate–high risk acute pulmonary embolism: a case series
Authors: Charif Fida , Khatoun Houda , Nassar Pierre , Jouni Aya , Jaber Sadek , Moussa Malek , Choumar Bilal , Karrowni Wassef 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The management of intermediate–high-risk acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is controversial with increasing interest in more aggressive treatment approaches than anticoagulation alone.

Case summary
We describe the case series of four consecutive patients who presented to emergency room for acute shortness of breath. They were diagnosed with intermediate–high-risk acute PE based on the computed tomography pulmonary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings and the elevated simplified PE score index. They received bolus of 5 mg thrombolytics recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administered through peripheral intravenous (i.v.) line followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 2 mg/h along with unfractionated heparin (UFH) at a rate of 500 IU/h for additional ≤10 h. There after the dose of UFH was increased to reach a therapeutic level. Rapid clinical improvement and also improvement in TTE parameters were noted at discharge. Patients were discharged home on oral anticoagulation.

Discussion
Intermediate–high-risk acute PE carries increased risk of mortality and morbidities. Catheter-directed thrombolysis uses a low rtPA dose for local thrombolysis and is associated with low bleeding risk; however it is expensive and requires expertise and human resources. Low-dose rtPA through a peripheral i.v. line might be safe and effective in the treatment of patient with intermediate–high-risk acute PE. This therapeutic approach is readily available at most medical centres, can be started in the emergency room (ER), and can be alternative to catheter-directed thrombolysis nowadays during the COVID-19 era and in hospitals at the periphery and with limited resources.
‘Turning the Rights Lens Inwards’: The Case for Child Rights-Consistent Strategic Litigation Practice
Authors: Nolan Aoife , Skelton Ann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The last three decades have seen an explosion of academic, advocacy and policy-maker interest in both the theory and the practice of children’s rights. There is a growing global body of strategic litigation focused on the advancement of those rights through positive legal and/or social change.
In this context, child rights have primarily played an ‘outward-facing’ role: used as a schema that should constrain or mandate the actions of external decision-makers that are the targets of litigation. However, children’s rights have not generally been used as a framework by which to assess, and as necessary, critique strategic litigation practice—i.e. as a lens to be turned inwards by litigators to consider the extent to which their practice is consistent with child rights standards.
This article considers the case for child rights strategic litigation (CRSL) practice that is child rights-consistent. In doing so, it identifies CRSL-relevant rights under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and outlines how such rights arise in the litigation process. It ultimately posits that child rights can serve as a clear, multi-faceted framework that enables litigators to strengthen their existing practice in a legitimate, unified and coherent way.
Should we adopt a prognosis-based approach to unexplained infertility?
Authors: Shingshetty Laxmi , Maheshwari Abha , McLernon David J , Bhattacharya Siladitya 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The treatment of unexplained infertility is a contentious topic that continues to attract a great deal of interest amongst clinicians, patients and policy makers. The inability to identify an underlying pathology makes it difficult to devise effective treatments for this condition. Couples with unexplained infertility can conceive on their own and any proposed intervention needs to offer a better chance of having a baby. Over the years, several prognostic and prediction models based on routinely collected clinical data have been developed, but these are not widely used by clinicians and patients. In this opinion paper, we propose a prognosis-based approach such that a decision to access treatment is based on the estimated chances of natural and treatment-related conception, which, in the same couple, can change over time. This approach avoids treating all couples as a homogeneous group and minimizes unnecessary treatment whilst ensuring access to those who need it early.
Restrictions ‘by object’ after Generics, Lundbeck, and Budapest Bank: are we any wiser now?
Authors: Enchelmaier Stefan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Restrictions “By Object” After Generics, Lundbeck, and Budapest Bank: Are We Any Wiser Now?’ summarizes the CJEU’s jurisprudence on the question when an agreement or a concerted practice between undertakings restricts competition ‘by object’ and when ‘by effect’, Article 101(1) TFEU. It turns out that there are few certainties in this area. Instead, there is a bewildering array of standards for assessing the consequences of agreements on the relevant market. Time and again, it is unclear how ‘abstract’ or ‘concrete’ the assessment has to be. Not much more clarity comes from the recent judgments in Generics, Lundbeck, and Budapest Bank on patent settlement agreements and price fixing, respectively. Nevertheless, they contain the elements of a simple and comprehensive test that dispenses with the complications that have built up in the case law.
Evaluating the use of luteal color Doppler ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to diagnose pregnancy and predict pregnancy loss in Bos taurus beef replacement heifers
Authors: Holton Matthew P , de Melo Gabriela D , Dias Nicholas W , Pancini Stefania , Lamb Graham C , Pohler Ky G , Mercadante Vitor R G , Harvey Kelsey M , Fontes Pedro L P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of corpus luteum (CL) color Doppler (CD) ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) for early pregnancy diagnosis and examine their ability to predict late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM) in Bos taurus beef replacement heifers. Beef heifers (n = 178) were exposed to a 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (day 0). On days 20 and 22, B-mode and CD ultrasonography were performed to evaluate CL morphometries and blood perfusion, respectively. Heifers were considered nonpregnant when CL area was &lt;2 cm2 or estimated luteal blood perfusion was ≤30% of the total luteal area. Blood samples were collected on days 25 and 29 to estimate circulating concentrations of PAG. Conventional ultrasonography on days 29 and 94 was utilized to determine pregnancy status and considered the gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis. Pregnant heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.01) CL diameter, area, volume, and blood perfusion when compared with nonpregnant heifers on days 20 and 22. Accuracy of CD on days 20 and 22, and PAG on days 25 and 29 were 91%, 94%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. No false-negative results were observed for CD on both days 20 and 22 (negative predicted value = 100%) and false-positive results represented 8% and 6% of the diagnoses. Heifers that experienced LEM between days 29 and 94 of gestation had decreased luteal (P = 0.02) volume on day 20 and tended (P = 0.07) to have decreased concentrations of PAG on day 29 compared with heifers that maintained pregnancy. However, both CD and PAG failed to predict embryonic mortality. In conclusion, CD successfully detected most nonpregnant replacement heifers as early as day 20 of gestation, while resulting in no false negative diagnoses. Both CD and PAG failed to predict LEM in the present study.
A draft reference genome of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp,Branchinecta lynchi
Authors: Kieran Blair Shannon Rose , Schreier Andrea , Escalona Merly , Finger Amanda J , Joslin Shannon E K , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh , Chumchim Noravit , Morris Emily Reister , Mangelson Hayley , Hull Joshua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the reference genome of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi. This branchiopod crustacean is endemic to California’s freshwater ephemeral ponds. It faces enormous habitat loss and fragmentation as urbanization and agriculture have fundamentally changed the vernal pool landscape over the past 3 centuries. The assembled genome consists of 22 chromosome-length scaffolds that account for 96.85% of the total sequence. One hundred and ninety-five unscaffolded contigs comprise the rest of the genome’s 575.6 Mb length. The genome is substantially complete with a BUSCO score of 90.0%. There is no immediately identifiable sex chromosome, typical for this class of organism. This new resource will permit researchers to better understand the adaptive capacity of this imperiled species, as well as answer lingering questions about anostracan physiology, sex determination, and development.
Implementation Research for Integrated Tick Control of Rhipicephalus australis (Acari: Ixodidae) Through the Pasture and Cattle Management Method in New Caledonia
Authors: Hüe Thomas , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Grant William E , Teel Pete D , Pérez de León Adalberto A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
New Caledonia is a major livestock producing country in the Southwest Pacific where cattle raising for beef production is a primary agricultural activity. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis, is the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock in New Caledonia. Blood feeding by the parasitic stages of R. australis limits the productivity of tick-susceptible European cattle breeds, which are preferred by livestock farmers. Methods that consider the interplay between tick biology and ecology of pastured cattle provide an opportunity for integrated tick management approaches to mitigate the deleterious effects of R. australis on cattle health and production. Research to implement a Pasture and Cattle Management (PCM) method for integrated control of R. australis in New Caledonia is presented here. Principal aspects of the PCM are described. Optimizing the use of long-acting acaricides contributes to these efforts. Its agroecological foundation affords versatility in the strategic application of practices that follow the PCM method at the farm and agricultural landscape levels. This allows the incorporation of other control technologies like the use of a vaccine against R. australis. Research recommendations to refine integrated R. australis control involving the PCM method for sustainable cattle production in New Caledonia are discussed. Continued research on the biology and ecology of R. australis across the changing agricultural landscape of its geographic range will inform science-based adaptations of the PCM method, which could facilitate its implementation as part of integrated cattle tick management efforts in other semi-extensive cattle management settings.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Interference in Monoclonal Gammopathy Monitoring: a Denosumab Experience
Authors: Aydin Ozgur , Aykas Fatma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 73-year-old woman was diagnosed with a lambda light chain myeloma. A follow-up immunofixation electrophoresis showed a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G kappa in addition to the regular lambda band. A monoclonal antibody therapy interference was suspected but her VRD (bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone) regimen did not include such a medication. Later it was learned that she was prescribed denosumab, a monoclonal human antibody agent to treat bone lesions. The IgG kappa band disappeared 7 months after the first and 4 months after the last dose of denosumab, confirming a case of interference. This case once again emphasizes the importance of delta check and close communication between clinicians to avoid a false result in electrophoresis. It also describes the migration pattern of denosumab. As therapeutic antibodies gain approval and enter into common clinical practice, drug interference will complicate electrophoresis testing in diagnosis and patient follow-up.
Imbalance of Circulating Monocyte Subsets in Subjects with Newly Emerged and Recurrent Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Jin Yu-jia , Shen Yu , Jin Yi-fan , Zhai Jia-wei , Zhang Yao-xin , Xu Pan-pan , Chen Cheng , Qu Qiu-xia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is one of the most common diseases in the intensive care unit, where the development of disease is closely related with the host immune response. Monocytes play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune system. We aimed to investigate the changes of circulating monocyte subsets in subjects with HAP to explore its value in monitoring HAP.

Methods
In total, 60 HAP patients and 18 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Human monocyte subsets are classified into 3 groups: nonclassical (NC), intermediate (ITM), and classical (CL). Also, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on circulating monocyte subsets was measured by flow cytometry.

Results
Data showed that the ratio of NC, ITM, and CL among monocytes was comparable between HAP patients and healthy controls (P &gt; .05). There was a remarkable imbalance of NC and CL in newly emerged HAP compared to healthy controls (P &lt; .05), subsequently reaching normalization in recurrent HAP (P &gt; .05). Furthermore, although PD-L1 was seemly constitutively expressed by NC, ITM, and CL groups regardless of disease status, it was noted that PD-L1 was dominantly expressed in the CL group (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Given distinct PD-L1 expression, a shift of CL/NC in newly emerged HAP would constitute an inhibitory anti-pathogen immune response. Normalization of circulating monocyte subsets on recurrence of HAP might be the consequence of immune memory of bacterial infection.
Intermediate Care Technicians: The Return on Federal Investments of Medics
Authors: Harrison Randolph Scott 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Over the last 200 years, the “medic” has demonstrated its value at the point of injury care. Unfortunately, when medics leave military service with their medical skills, they have limited direct employment options available to them without added educational requirements. Fortunately, the Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA) innovation of the Intermediate Care Technician (ICT) Program has a solution for that problem. This article will look at the Veterans Affairs’ creation of the ICT Program, investigate its origins, evaluate where it is today through the lens of the WHO Task-Shifting Model for healthcare system implementation, and address the ICT Programs’ potential for tomorrow.

Materials and Methods
A descriptive, non-experimental research method design was used to collect and analyze the ICT Program’s quantitative and qualitative data.

Results
Through a decade of quality clinical care, Authority of Veteran Affairs Professionals to Practice Health Care Rule, and comparative evaluation of the WHO Task-Shifting Criteria, the ICT Program will bring incredible clinical value to VHA.

Conclusion
The VHA ICT Program demonstrates to the U.S. Healthcare System a validated and reliable program to address healthcare worker shortages, reduce healthcare costs, increase access to care, and manage increasing demand for healthcare.
The Role of the Environment in Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Acar Kirit Hande , Bollback Jonathan P , Lagator Mato 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGene-by-environment interactions play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer by affecting how the transferred genes alter host fitness. However, how the environment modulates the fitness effect of transferred genes has not been tested systematically in an experimental study. We adapted a high-throughput technique for obtaining very precise estimates of bacterial fitness, in order to measure the fitness effects of 44 orthologs transferred from Salmonella Typhimurium to Escherichia coli in six physiologically relevant environments. We found that the fitness effects of individual genes were highly dependent on the environment, while the distributions of fitness effects across genes were not, with all tested environments resulting in distributions of same shape and spread. Furthermore, the extent to which the fitness effects of a gene varied between environments depended on the average fitness effect of that gene across all environments, with nearly neutral and nearly lethal genes having more consistent fitness effects across all environments compared to deleterious genes. Put together, our results reveal the unpredictable nature of how environmental conditions impact the fitness effects of each individual gene. At the same time, distributions of fitness effects across environments exhibit consistent features, pointing to the generalizability of factors that shape horizontal gene transfer of orthologous genes.
A Case Study of Zoonotic Chlamydia abortus Infection: Diagnostic Challenges From Clinical and Microbiological Perspectives
Authors: Burgener Anne-Valérie , Seth-Smith Helena M B , Kern-Baumann Sina , Durovic Ana , Blaich Anette , Menter Thomas , Bruder Elisabeth , Roloff Tim , Martinez Aurélien , Borel Nicole , Albini Sarah , Hösli Irene , Egli Adrian , Weisser Maja , Hinić Vladimira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is the most common causative agent of abortion in small ruminants, but it is poorly recognized as a human pathogen. In most published case studies, diagnosis remained difficult and often resulted in delayed initiation of therapy. In this case study of severe C abortus infection in a pregnant farmer from Switzerland, we highlight the clinical and microbiological diagnostic challenges and provide evidence of a zoonotic epidemiological link.
Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Adults During the 2019–2020 Influenza Season in the United States
Authors: Imran Mahrukh , Ortiz Justin R , McLean Huong Q , Fisher Lauren , O’Brien Dan , Bonafede Machaon , Mansi James A , Boikos Constantina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Mutations occurring during egg-based influenza vaccine production may affect vaccine effectiveness. The mammalian cell-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4c) demonstrated improved protection relative to egg-based vaccines in prior seasons. This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of IIV4c versus standard-dose egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs) in the 2019–2020 US influenza season.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a dataset linking electronic medical records with medical and pharmacy claims data among individuals ≥18 years vaccinated with IIV4c or IIV4e during 2019–2020. A doubly robust inverse probability of treatment weighting model was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, region, vaccination week, health status, frailty, and baseline healthcare resource utilization. rVE was calculated by (1 – OR) × 100. An exploratory analysis evaluated IRMEs in inpatient and outpatient settings separately.

Results
The final study cohort included 1 499 215 IIV4c and 4 126 263 IIV4e recipients ≥18 years of age. Fewer IRMEs were reported in individuals with recorded IIV4c versus IIV4e. The rVE for IIV4c versus IIIV4e for any IRME was 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%–11.1%). Inpatient and outpatient rVEs were 5.7% (95% CI, 2.1%–9.2%) and 11.4% (95% CI, 9.5%–13.3%), respectively. In age subgroup analyses, rVEs favored IIV4c except in adults aged ≥65 years.

Conclusions
Adults vaccinated with IIV4c had a lower risk of IRMEs versus IIV4e recipients in the 2019–2020 US influenza season. These results support IIV4c as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza than egg-based vaccines.