bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warm temperature and alkaline conditions accelerate environmental RNA degradation
Authors: Jo Toshiaki , Tsuri Kenji , Hirohara Takaya , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent developments in environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis allow more rapid and extensive biomonitoring than traditional capture‐based surveys do. However, detection of eDNA not derived from living organisms may lead to false‐positive inferences of species presence. Such limitations may be overcome by utilizing RNA molecules present in the environment (environmental RNA [eRNA]) because of their physiochemical instability. Nevertheless, the biomonitoring performance of eRNA analysis remains unclarified because of the substantial lack of knowledge regarding basic eRNA properties, such as its persistence and degradation mechanisms. Here, we performed a factorial aquarium experiment to assess the effects of water temperature (10, 20, and 30°C) and pH (4, 7, and 10) conditions on the degradation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) eDNA and eRNA, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) and nuclear beta‐2‐microglobulin (b2m) genes. A linear mixed‐model analysis showed that the degradation of eRNA was significantly faster than that of eDNA. Higher water temperatures promoted both eDNA and eRNA degradation, and alkaline conditions substantially promoted eRNA but not eDNA degradation. This might be explained by the physicochemical characteristics of DNA and RNA molecules, the membranous structure surrounding them, and their susceptibility to environmental microbial activity. Moreover, the relative concentrations of zebrafish eRNA to eDNA decreased over time, inferring that the ratio of eRNA to eDNA concentrations can be used for estimating the elapsed time since the genomic material was released and the freshness of the target eDNA signal in the field. Nevertheless, given that the confidence intervals of the eDNA and eRNA decay rates tended to overlap for each treatment level, this study indicates that fish eRNA is not always degraded rapidly and is, in fact, more abundant in water than previously expected. This result favors the application of eRNA analysis to indicate living biotic assemblages.
Exercise and nutritional interventions on sarcopenia and frailty in heart failure: a narrative review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos , Isanejad Masoud , Akpan Asangaedem , Stefil Maria , Tajik Behnam , Giannos Panagiotis , Venturelli Massimo , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to describe the present evidence for exercise and nutritional interventions as potential contributors in the treatment of sarcopenia and frailty (i.e. muscle mass and physical function decline) and the risk of cardiorenal metabolic comorbidity in people with heart failure (HF). Evidence primarily from cross‐sectional studies suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia in people with HF is 37% for men and 33% for women, which contributes to cardiac cachexia, frailty, lower quality of life, and increased mortality rate. We explored the impact of resistance and aerobic exercise, and nutrition on measures of sarcopenia and frailty, and quality of life following the assessment of 35 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. The majority of clinical trials have focused on resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise to counteract the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in people with HF, while promising effects have also been shown via utilization of vitamin D and iron supplementation by reducing tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐a), c‐reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels. Experimental studies combining the concomitant effect of exercise and nutrition on measures of sarcopenia and frailty in people with HF are scarce. There is a pressing need for further research and well‐designed clinical trials incorporating the anabolic and anti‐catabolic effects of concurrent exercise and nutrition strategies in people with HF.
The development and initial validation of the PROMIS®+HF‐27 and PROMIS+HF‐10 profiles
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S. , Jackson Kathryn L. , Yount Susan E. , Rothrock Nan E. , Kallen Michael A. , Lacson Leilani , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Kho Abel N. , Mutharasan Raja Kannan , McCullough Peter A. , Bruckel Jeffrey , Fedson Savitri , Kimmel Stephen E. , Eton David T. , Grady Kathleen L. , Yancy Clyde W. , Cella David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a common and morbid condition impacting multiple health domains. We previously reported the development of the PROMIS®‐Plus‐HF (PROMIS+HF) profile measure, including universal and HF‐specific items. To facilitate use, we developed shorter, PROMIS+HF profiles intended for research and clinical use.Methods and resultsCandidate items were selected based on psychometric properties and symptom range coverage. HF clinicians (n = 43) rated item importance and clinical actionability. Based on these results, we developed the PROMIS+HF‐27 and PROMIS+HF‐10 profiles with summary scores (0–100) for overall, physical, mental, and social health. In a cross‐sectional sample (n = 600), we measured internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha and Spearman–Brown), test–retest reliability (intraclass coefficient; n = 100), known‐groups validity via New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and convergent validity with Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores. In a longitudinal sample (n = 75), we evaluated responsiveness of baseline/follow‐up scores by calculating mean differences and Cohen's d and comparing with paired t‐tests. Internal consistency was good to excellent (α 0.82–0.94) for all PROMIS+HF‐27 scores and acceptable to good (α/Spearman–Brown 0.60–0.85) for PROMIS+HF‐10 scores. Test–retest intraclass coefficients were acceptable to excellent (0.75–0.97). Both profiles demonstrated known‐groups validity for the overall and physical health summary scores based on NYHA class, and convergent validity for nearly all scores compared with KCCQ scores. In the longitudinal sample, we demonstrated responsiveness for PROMIS+HF‐27 and PROMIS+HF‐10 overall and physical summary scores. For the PROMIS+HF overall summary scores, a group‐based increase of 7.6–8.3 points represented a small to medium change (Cohen's d = 0.40–0.42). For the PROMIS+HF physical summary scores, a group‐based increase of 5.0–5.9 points represented a small to medium change (Cohen's d = 0.29–0.35).ConclusionsThe PROMIS+HF‐27 and PROMIS+HF‐10 profiles demonstrated good psychometric characteristics with evidence of responsiveness for overall and physical health. These new measures can facilitate patient‐centred research and clinical care, such as improving care quality through symptom monitoring, facilitating shared decision‐making, evaluating quality of care, assessing new interventions, and monitoring during the initiation and titration of guideline‐directed medical therapy.
Transgelin exacerbates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell dysfunction in shunt‐related pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhou Jing‐jing , Yang Jian , Li Li , Quan Rui‐lin , Chen Xiao‐xi , Qian Yu‐ling , Huang Li , Wang Pei‐he , Li Yue , Meng Xian‐min , Chen Xi , Gu Qing , He Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsOrchestrating the transition from reversible medial hypertrophy to irreversible plexiform lesions is crucial for pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH). Transgelin is an actin‐binding protein that modulates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to probe the molecular mechanism and biological function of transgelin in the pathogenesis of CHD‐PAH.Methods and resultsTransgelin expression was detected in lung tissues from both CHD‐PAH patients and monocrotaline (MCT)‐plus aortocaval (AV)‐induced PAH rats by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the effects of transgelin on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human PASMCs (HPASMCs) were evaluated by the cell count and EdU assays, transwell migration assay, and TUNEL assay, respectively. And the effect of transgelin on the expression of HPASMC phenotype markers was assessed by the immunoblotting assay. (i) Compared with the normal control group (n = 12), transgelin expression was significantly overexpressed in the pulmonary arterioles of the reversible (n = 15) and irreversible CHD‐PAH group (n = 4) (reversible group vs. control group: 18.2 ± 5.1 vs. 13.6 ± 2.6%, P < 0.05; irreversible group vs. control group: 29.9 ± 4.7 vs. 13.6 ± 2.6%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. reversible group: 29.9 ± 4.7 vs. 18.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001). This result was further confirmed in MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats. Besides, the transgelin expression level was positively correlated with the pathological grading of pulmonary arteries in CHD‐PAH patients (r = 0.48, P = 0.03, n = 19). (ii) Compared with the normal control group (n = 12), TGF‐β1 expression was notably overexpressed in the pulmonary arterioles of the reversible (n = 15) and irreversible CHD‐PAH group (n = 4) (reversible group vs. control group: 14.8 ± 4.4 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. control group: 20.1 ± 4.4 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. reversible group: 20.1 ± 4.4 vs. 14.8 ± 4.4, P < 0.01). The progression‐dependent correlation between TGF‐β1 and transgelin was demonstrated in CHD‐PAH patients (r = 0.48, P = 0.04, n = 19) and MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats, which was further confirmed at sub‐cellular levels. (iii) Knockdown of transgelin diminished proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, and phenotypic transformation of HPASMCs through repressing the TGF‐β1 signalling pathway. On the contrary, transgelin overexpression resulted in the opposite effects.ConclusionsThese results indicate that transgelin may be an indicator of CHD‐PAH development via boosting HPASMC dysfunction through positive regulation of the TGF‐β1 signalling pathway, as well as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CHD‐PAH.
Synergic Palladium Catalysis for Aerobic Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Tabaru Kazuki , Obora Yasushi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAerobic oxidative coupling is a dehydrogenative organic transformation in which molecular oxygen acts as a re‐oxidant for the catalyst system. Pd has emerged as one of the most popular transition metal catalysts for such reactions. Combinations of Pd with other transition metal catalysts can also provide effective catalytic cycles together with highly atom‐ and step‐economical organic transformations. A synergic Pd catalyst system can promote such reactions with a high degree of efficiency based on a re‐oxidation step exhibiting improved kinetics in which two electrons are transferred from another transition metal. This occurs in conjunction with a lower energy barrier than that associated with direct re‐oxidation by molecular oxygen. This review highlights recent developments in aerobic oxidative coupling reactions catalyzed by synergic combinations of Pd with other transition metals. Highlighted reactions include dehydrogenative C−C bond formation such as arylation of arenes, heteroarenes, alkenes and dehydrogenative C−N and C−O bond formations with unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes, 1,3‐dienes and allenes. Moreover, mechanistic insights into these aerobic reactions based on experimental, computational and optical studies are detailed.
A comparative assessment of performance, combustion, and emissions of a gasoline port and direct injection camless engine
Authors: Tripathy Srinibas , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lower part‐load efficiency of the spark‐ignition (SI) engine is because of the higher pumping loss during the gas exchange process. In this study, the part‐load efficiency of a port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) camless engines were investigated. An in‐house developed electro‐pneumatic variable valve actuation (VVA) system controls the camless engine's intake valve events. The effect of un‐throttled operation with early intake valve closings (EIVC) on performance, combustion, and emissions was analyzed. The IVC timing for GDI camless engine was found to be lower (2°–7° crank angle) than the PFI camless engine for all operating conditions due to the in‐cylinder charge cooling. Hence, the pumping mean effective pressure (PMEP) for GDI camless engine was reduced, and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was improved (maximum 2.1%) compared to the PFI camless engine. The THC and CO emissions were higher for GDI camless engine due to the relatively in‐homogeneous mixture formation, whereas the NOx emission was lower for all operating conditions.
Ongoing landscape transience in the eastern Amazon Craton consistent with lithologic control of base level
Authors: Fadul Camila M. , Oliveira Pedro , Val Pedro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGeomorphic features such as drainage captures, knickpoints, paleochannels, and wind‐gaps have long been observed in the Amazon region and typically thought to result from climate change and intraplate tectonics. The influence of rock type as a trigger of these landscape transients is largely overlooked. In the eastern Guiana Shield of the Amazon Craton, shield rivers flow over to the sedimentary rocks of the Amazon Basin across a sharp lithologic transition before their confluence with the Amazon River. This transition is marked by an expressive main escarpment (ME) formed over resistant sandstones of the basal units of the Amazon Sedimentary Basin. Here, systematic patterns of divide migration and river captures provide a natural laboratory to study the influence of rock type in landscape transience in a cratonic setting. Through quantitative geomorphologic analysis of the topography, drainage divides, and rivers, we investigate if this sharp lithologic transition contributed to the observed patterns of drainage rearrangement. The results revealed that rivers of larger drainage areas flowing across shorter lengths over the resistant rocks of the ME systematically capture neighbouring basins. We argue that, as tributaries draining the shield respond to downcutting and/or base‐level fall of the Amazon River, bedrock incision and knickpoint propagation are differentially slowed down by the resistant rocks according to their incision capacity, generating a series of transients such as drainage capture and divide migration. The widespread and systematic geomorphic features suggest this mechanism could be an important autogenic control of drainage network rearrangement in the Amazon region and other post‐orogenic landscapes as well. The protracted exhumation of resistant rocks in cratons and intraplate settings may keep landscapes in perpetual disequilibrium depending on their lithological complexity and offer an exceptional natural laboratory to study landscape dynamics associated with rock type.
Coastal aeolian sediment transport in an active bed surface layer: Tracer study and conceptual model
Authors: Uphues Charlotte F. K. , van IJzendoorn Christa O. , Hallin Caroline , Pearson Stuart G. , van Prooijen Bram C. , Miot da Silva Graziela , de Vries Sierd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoastal aeolian sediment transport is influenced by supply‐limiting factors caused by sediment sorting by grain size. Sorting processes can lead to coarsening of the bed surface and influence the formation of aeolian ripples. However, the influence sorting processes and bedforms might have on the magnitude of the transport is not fully understood. This study explores sorting processes and their influence on the magnitude and mode of aeolian transport by using sediment tracers. Sand was painted in different colors according to particle size and placed on a supratidal beach in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. Several experiments were conducted with varying wind speeds. Surface sampling and cameras tracked the sand color movement on the bed surface, and wind velocity was measured. The tracer experiments showed that ripples developed in moderate wind conditions. Once the ripples had formed, the supply of finer tracer grains in the downwind direction decreased over time, while the supply of coarser grains remained constant. A linear relationship between ripple migration speed and wind speed was found. For higher wind speeds, no ripples or differences in transport of grain size fractions were observed. Instead, alternating phases of erosion and deposition of the bed surface were observed, which could not be related to local variations in wind velocity. Based on these results and literature, a conceptual model was developed for an active bed surface layer with two transport regimes corresponding to moderate (I) and high (II) wind speeds. The conceptual model is intended to guide the selection of aeolian sediment transport models as a function of wind speed, bed characteristics, and upwind sediment supply. For Regime I, transport could be modeled using a linear relationship between sediment transport and wind speed and for Regime II using a third power relationship in combination with a process‐based model accounting for supply limitations.
Reversible hydrogen adsorption in Ti‐functionalized porous holey graphyne: Insights from first‐principles calculation
Authors: Dewangan Juhee , Mahamiya Vikram , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy performing the density functional theory simulations, we have studied the H2 adsorption and desorption properties of the Ti‐functionalized holey graphyne system. The simulation results revealed that the Ti atom is bonded strongly to the holey graphyne sheet with a binding energy of −4.16 eV through the Dewar interaction. The Ti‐functionalized holey graphyne can capture 7H2 molecules with an average H2 adsorption energy of −0.38 eV/H2, leading to a hydrogen gravimetric density of 10.52 wt%. The average desorption temperature is computed by the Van't Hoff relation and obtained to be 486 K, optimum for practical applications. The adsorbed H2 molecules are attached with the Ti‐functionalized holey graphyne via the Kubas interactions involving charge donation and back donation between Ti‐3d orbitals and H‐1 s orbital. Subsequently, the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to verify the structural constancy of the storage media. We have found a sufficiently high energy barrier of 2.3 eV that prevents the system from metal‐metal clustering. Therefore, the Ti‐functionalized holey graphyne can be utilized as a promising high‐capacity reversible hydrogen storage medium.
An efficient RBF‐DCNN based DOA estimation in multipath and impulse noise wireless environment
Authors: Gantayat Harikrushna , Panigrahi Trilochan , Patra Pradyumna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe typical MultiPath (MP) propagation environment attains lots of MP signals as of the antenna array, and the Impulse Noise (IPN) accompanies these MP signals. The Directions‐of‐Arrivals (DOA) of an MP signal is tough to be assessed because of these IPN. Though numerous existing techniques were generated to assess the MP signal's DOA, they cannot attain a desirable output. To achieve robust and accurate DOA estimation (DOAE) in multipath and IPN wireless environment, this work proposes an efficient Radial Basis Function based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (RBF‐DCNN) centered DOAE. Here, initially, the noises in the inputted signal are eradicated utilizing Improved Particle Filter (IPF). After denoising, the imperative features are extracted as of that signal. Next, the required features are selected as of that signal, which is utilized for Dimension Reduction (DR). The Modified Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (MSSOA) is employed for feature selection. Then, the dimension reduced signal is inputted to the RBF‐DCNN, which estimated the DOA centered upon the received signal's SNR value. Numerical simulation outcomes are rendered to exemplify the proposed method's effectiveness.
TCF7l2, a nuclear marker that labels premyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes oligodendroglial lineage progression
Authors: Guo Fuzheng , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinical and basic neuroscience research is greatly benefited from the identification and characterization of lineage specific and developmental stage‐specific markers. In the glial research community, histological markers that specifically label newly differentiated premyelinating oligodendrocytes are still scarce. Premyelinating oligodendrocyte markers, especially those of nuclear localization, enable researchers to easily quantify the rate of oligodendrocyte generation regardless of developmental ages. We propose that the transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7l2, mouse gene symbol Tcf7l2) is a useful nuclear marker that specifically labels newly generated premyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes oligodendroglial lineage progression. Here, we highlight the controversial research history of TCF7l2 expression and function in oligodendroglial field and discuss previous experimental data justifying TCF7l2 as a specific nuclear marker for premyelinating oligodendrocytes during developmental myelination and remyelination. We conclude that TCF7l2 can be used alone or combined with pan‐oligodendroglial lineage markers to identify newly differentiated or newly regenerated oligodendrocytes and quantify the rate of oligodendrocyte generation.
Assessing community readiness to reduce consumption of sugary drinks in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: A useful tool for evaluation and co‐design
Authors: Williams Tiffany , Thompson Kani , Brown Clare , Hammond Melinda , Cargo Margaret , Murtha Kirby 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThere is a need for culturally appropriate methods in the implementation and evaluation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health programs. A group of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous practitioners culturally adapted and applied the Tri‐Ethnic Research Centre's Community Readiness Tool (CRT) to evaluate change in community readiness and reflect on its appropriateness.MethodsAboriginal community‐controlled health service staff informed the cultural adaptation of the standard CRT. The adapted CRT was then used at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up in three remote communities in the Cape York region, Queensland, Australia. Program implementation occurred within a pilot project aiming to influence availability of drinking water and sugary drinks.ResultsThe adapted CRT was found to be feasible and useful. Overall mean readiness scores increased in two communities, with no change in the third community. CRT interview data were used to develop community action plans with key stakeholders that were tailored to communities' stage of readiness. Considerations for future application of the CRT were the importance of having a pre‐defined issue, time and resource‐intensiveness of the process, and need to review appropriateness prior to implementation in other regions.ConclusionThe adapted CRT was valuable for evaluating the project and co‐designing strategies with stakeholders, and holds potential for further applications in health promotion in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.So what?This project identified benefits of CRT application not reported elsewhere. The adapted CRT adds a practical method to the toolkits of health promotors and evaluators for working in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to address priority concerns.