bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck necrotizing fasciitis: the importance of negative pressure wound therapy with literature review
Authors: Kasim Aljanabi Kasim S. , almaqbali Talib , Mustafa Arfath 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing fasciitis is an aggressive infection of the soft tissues and subcutaneous fascia. The involvement of the head and neck region is very rare but carries significant mortality. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) became very popular in treating complicated wounds.

Case presentation
We present a case of necrotizing fasciitis in cervical region. After surgical debridement, a NPWT device was applied. NPWT provides advantages compared to conventional debridement and drainage.

Conclusion
This method is recommended as an adjuvant tool in treating necrotizing fasciitis in head and neck region because it helps to eradicate infection, provides comfort to the patient and facilitates wound healing.
Psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian women with vaginismus
Authors: Elrassas Hanan , Saad Ahmed , Fekry Mohamed , Elkholy Hussein , Mansour Omar , Azzam Lobna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Vaginismus is a female sexual dysfunction affecting the quality of women and the couple’s relationship. It is considered the main feminine cause of unconsummated marriage in Egypt. The study aims in assessment of comorbid psychiatric disorders, personality disorders, and levels of alexithymia among a sample of women with vaginismus. It is a case-control study where 30 women diagnosed with vaginismus following up in the psychosexual clinic in Ain Shams University Hospitals were enrolled in the study in comparison to 30 controls. Assessment was done based on the socio-demographic data, Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS-20), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II).

Results
It was found that women having vaginismus had significant below university level of education (P = 0.026) together with their partners (P = 0.006). It was also found that women having vaginismus are showing high levels of alexithymia (p < 0.001), more than one anxiety and/or depressive disorder (P = 0.032) in comparison to the control group. Also, borderline personality disorder/traits and avoidant personality traits were significantly more frequent among cases (P = 0.026, P = 0.001, and P = 0.045 respectively). Moreover, it was found that having two or more of either of rigidity, perfectionism, dramatization, mood swings, and impulsivity was significantly more frequent among cases (P < 0.001) showing a unique personality pattern of women with vaginismus.

Conclusions
Women with vaginismus were having higher levels of alexithymia, more developing anxiety, and depressive disorders than controls and they have specific personality characteristics.
Comparative study of the design and simulation of an AC to high DC voltage generation circuit
Authors: Kenfack Pierre , Dandoussou Abraham , Nkale Edung Fabrice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecades after the invention of the Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier, it is still being used in broad range of high voltage and ac to dc applications. High voltage ratio and high efficiency are its main features. Due to the limitations of original circuit, reducing the output ripple and increasing the accessible voltage level motivated scientists to propose new topologies. However, over the worldwide bibliography, most of Cockcroft-Walton voltage designers persist in using equal capacitances in every stage without considering an optimal design. The aim of this paper is to do a comparative study of the design and simulation of a fixed model (conventional model used by most authors) and a variable model (new design) of generating High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier that stresses on the choice of the adequate capacitance values to reduce the output voltage drop, produce less ripple and the calculations of the optimal number of stages that is necessary to produce the desired output voltage with a better performance. The generation of HVDC based on Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier and an eight stage was used for simulations and theoretical analysis which yielded up to 4.4 kV DC from an input voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz ac supply. The results are compiled from the simulations done on MATLAB/SIMULINK, by the designs and simulations characteristics of the models the performances, output voltages and ripple voltages per stage have been compared.
The impact of an educational tool in cervix image registration across three imaging modalities
Authors: Benson Rebecca , Rodgers John , Nelder Claire , Clough Abigael , Pitt Eleanor , Parker Jacqui , Whiteside Lee , Davies Lucy , Bailey Rachael , McMahon John , Kolbe Hope , Cree Anthea , Dubec Michael , Van Herk Marcel , Choudhury Ananya , Hoskin Peter , Eccles Cynthia 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Accurate image registration is vital in cervical cancer where changes in both planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) can make decisions regarding image registration complicated. This work aims to determine the impact of a dedicated educational tool compared with experience gained in MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). Methods 10 therapeutic radiographers acted as observers and were split into two groups based on previous experience with MRgRT and Monaco treatment planning system. Three CBCT-CT, three MR-CT and two MR-MR registrations were completed per patient by each observer. Observers recorded translations, time to complete image registration and confidence. Data were collected in two phases; prior to and following the introduction of a cervix registration guide. Results No statistically significant differences were noted between imaging modalities. Each group was assessed independently pre- and post-education, no statistically significant differences were noted in either CBCT-CT or MR-CT imaging. Group 1 MR-MR imaging showed a statistically significant reduction in interobserver variability (p=0.04), in Group 2, the result was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Statistically significant increases in confidence were seen in all three modalities (p≤0.05). Conclusions At The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, radiographers consistently registered images across three different imaging modalities regardless of their previous experience. The implementation of an image registration guide had limited impact on inter- and intraobserver variability. Radiographers’ confidence showed statistically significant improvements following the use of the registration manual. Advances in knowledge This work helps evaluate training methods for novel roles that are developing in MRgRT.
A re-analysis of data from Sullins, Rosik, and Santero (2021): are sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) helpful for those who don't change?
Authors: Schumm Walter  R. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Sullins, Rosik, and Santero (2021) evaluated a convenience sample of 125 men who had undergone sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) and they made their data available for independent analysis. Methods: Data from Sullins et al. (2021) were reanalyzed in ten new ways. Several new typologies and variables were created. Paired sample t-tests, correlations, regression analyses, repeated measures analyses with time x group interactions, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate ten novel hypotheses. Results: Using parametric statistics, we found similar results to Sullins et al. (2021) where they had used nonparametric statistics. Regression analyses found that lower initial SSI and higher SSB predicted more change. Using a new typology for marital status, it was found that those who became engaged/got married during SOCE had the largest gains in OSB compared to other categories of marital status. Using the typology of change, it was found that some men who became stronger for SSA, SSI, and SSB nevertheless reported high levels of helpfulness for SOCE. Harms from SOCE seem to be minimal compared to the positives reported for young adults. SOCE effectiveness did not appear to change with time since therapy, lending less support to a recall bias argument. Congruence between SSA and SSI, may, in some cases, reduce the apparent effectiveness of SOCE Conclusion: While the sample’s results cannot be generalized outside of highly religious men with initially higher levels of SSA and SSB than SSI, these results differ from many contemporary assertions that SOCE cannot ever be effective and is inherently harmful, or that SSA is inherently immutable. Therefore, calls to ban SOCE legally appear to be founded upon incomplete or inaccurate data and thus premature, while more higher quality research is yet needed regarding SOCE.
Music and Movement for Health: Protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomised feasibility pilot trial of an arts-based programme for the health and wellbeing of older adults
Authors: Clifford Amanda M. , Ni Bhriain Orfhlaith , Byrne Steven , Cheung Pui-Sze , Louw Quinette , Glynn Liam , Moss Hilary , O'Neill Desmond , Woods Catherine B. , Sheikhi Ali , Gowran Rosemary Joan , Maher Catherine , Kennelly Brendan , Salsberg Jon , Thabane Lehana 
Published: May 2022

Background: Arts-based health programmes (ABHP) can enhance the physical and psychosocial health and wellbeing of older people. However, the feasibility and usefulness of such programmes in Ireland are currently unknown. The primary aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of the study design, its application to a music and movement for health programme and associated costs. The secondary aim is to obtain preliminary effect estimates of an ABHP on health and wellbeing in older adults. Methods: This study is a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial. Community-dwelling adults, aged 65 years or older will be recruited in the mid-west region of Ireland via methods including social prescription, traditional and social media. The clusters, based on geographical region, will be block randomised to either the ABHP or control using 1:1 allocation ratio. The programme will comprise a 1.5-hour music and dance session each week for 12-weeks together with a 1-hour home-based music and movement programme for 12-weeks. A qualitative and quantitative process evaluation of the arts-based health programme will be performed. Outcomes: Primary outcomes for feasibility include recruitment rates (the number of participants recruited per cluster per month); retention rate (the number of participants who complete measures at baseline and at follow up post intervention, and minimum average attendance. Secondary outcomes will include physical function, balance, physical activity, loneliness, social isolation, cognition, mood, as well as quality of life and cost. Conclusions: If this pioneering study finds evidence to support feasibility and acceptability, a future larger-scale definitive trial will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of an arts-based health programme for older adults. This research aims to strengthen collaborative efforts to implement effective, sustainable and cost-effective programmes for older adults to support community connection, enhancing health and wellbeing, in turn reducing demands on the healthcare system. ISRCTN registration: ISRCTN35313497 (18/02/2022).
Strokes in children
Authors: Sielwanowska Wiktoria , Monika Żybowska  , Anna Rzewuska  , Bartłomiej Syzdoł  , Chrościńska-Krawczyk Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and purpose
A stroke is a group of neurological symptoms that develops when blood flow to the brain is stopped suddenly. Stroke is relatively rare in the group of pediatric patients. The incidence is estimated at 2.5 cases per 100,000 children per year. Mortality is up to 4%. Long-term consequences and complications concern more than half of the patients.

Brief description of the state of knowledge
The etiopathogenesis of stroke in children is diverse. The main risk factors are congenital heart disease, vascular damage, metabolic diseases and infections. The symptoms of a stroke depend on the location and extent of the ischemic changes. In children they may initially be uncharacteristic. The most common are headaches, vomiting, convulsions, disturbed consciousness, and hemiparesis. The gold standard in cerebral ischemia imaging is brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). In treatment controlling vital parameters plays an important role. Treatment includes anti-aggregating and anticoagulant drugs. It is possible to transfuze blood or surgical treatment. Complications of stroke in children are diversify and depend on a lot of factors. These include movement disorders, cognitive functions impairment, tension headaches and difficulty with expression and fluency of speech.

Conclusion
A stroke is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. It can have uncharacteristic symptoms in children. Acute cerebral ischemia in children carries the risk of developing long-term, severe complications. Pediatric patients with a history of acute cerebral ischemia should be under the constant care of specialized treatment and rehabilitation centers, which will enable patients to function independently among their peers.
Outcomes of patients with non-lower gastrointestinal cancer diagnosed via the lower gastrointestinal two-week-wait service
Authors: Hubbard TJE , Burton HLE , Pringle H , Bethune R , McDermott FD 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Patients referred via lower gastrointestinal two-week-wait (LGI-2WW) services deemed at ‘low risk’ of LGI cancer may have delayed or no investigation. However, 20% of patients diagnosed with cancer via the LGI-2WW have non-LGI cancer. This study investigates the outcomes in this under-reported group. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients referred to a UK LGI-2WW service with a non-LGI cancer diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision) between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Kaplan–Meier survival curves with generalised log-rank test and binomial logistic regression of pre-investigation information to predict death. A p-value of < 0.05 represented statistical significance. Results In total, 140 patients were diagnosed with non-LGI cancer (of 10,155 patients referred via the LGI-2WW pathway). Median follow-up was 13 months (range 0–65 months). Thirty-five patients (35/140; 25%) did not meet LGI-2WW referral criteria. Median survival varied by cancer site (upper gastrointestinal: 43/140 patients, median survival 4 months; gynaecological: 25/140, 25 months; haematological: 22/140, < 50% died; urological: 21/140, 47 months; unknown primary: 12/140, 3 months; lung: 10/140, 17 months; breast: 3/140, 5 months; retroperitoneal: 2/140, 9 months; brain: 1/140, 4 months; adrenal: 1/140, 52 months). Binomial logistic regression was statistically significant (chi-squared goodness-of-fit test = 12.334; p = 0.03); but the presence of comorbidity was the only significant predictive factor of death (p = 0.03). Conclusions Patients with non-LGI cancers cannot be easily predicted and have a poor prognosis. Pathways to streamline investigations for LGI cancer should include computed tomography scans for patients at ‘low risk’ of LGI cancer to ensure that non-LGI cancers are diagnosed.
Isolated volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint: a case series and systematic review
Authors: O’Malley O , Brown OC , Duncan L , Cheung G , Stevenson HL , Brown DJ 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Isolated volar dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint are reported as rare. We observed three such cases over a 12-month period. Literature to date consists of multiple case reports and case series with no structured reviews. There is debate as to incidence, mechanism, investigation, treatment and prognosis. Methods A case series and formal systematic review was performed. This included an analysis of the demographics, mechanism, presentation, investigation, treatment and outcome of the cases identified from the wider published series. Findings In total 99 cases of this injury were identified from 59 papers, with a further 9 cases having an associated ulna styloid fracture. Conclusions This is a rare injury, representing up to 0.02% of all bony injuries, which is diagnosed late in 36% of cases. Inability to obtain a true lateral radiograph may contribute to the diagnosis being missed. Computed tomography scans are useful in suspected cases without radiographic confirmation. Acute cases are successfully treated with closed reduction in 78% of cases; however associated soft tissue injuries may need to be surgically addressed. Delayed presentation is more likely to require open surgery and preoperative MRI scans are indicated to aid surgical planning. Chronic instability rarely occurs and may need treatment with reconstruction or salvage. A good, subjective, result is reported in the majority of patients.
Факторы удовлетворенности эпизодических волонтеров
Authors: Краснопольская Ирина Игоревна , Гусева Полина Дмитриевна , Мейс Лукас , Кнаан Рам 
Published: May 2022

Статья опирается на тезис о значимости удовлетворенности эпизодических волонтеров для их будущего участия в добровольческой деятельности. Речь идет о тех, кто ситуативно, время от времени присоединяется к работе на разных волонтерских мероприятиях и уходит после их завершения. Такая форма волонтерского участия получила достаточно широкое распространение и приходит на смену регулярному волонтерству в некоммерческих организациях, что указывает на трансформацию парадигмы взаимодействия «некоммерческая организация — волонтер». По результатам опроса эпизодических волонтеров в нашей стране (n = 2 494, 2018) впервые дана их характеристика, а также ответы на вопросы, (1) как удовлетворенность на фоне других возможных факторов влияет на намерение будущего участия эпизодических волонтеров и (2) от чего зависит ее уровень. Выявлено, что для исследуемых волонтеров удовлетворенность более значима, чем другие переменные. При этом организация мероприятия и то, как к волонтеру относились другие члены команды, оказывают наиболее сильное влияние на удовлетворенность. Воспринимаемая принадлежность к НКО также важна для эпизодических волонтеров, и по этому критерию они не сильно отличаются от волонтеров регулярных. Ошибочно редуцировать роль и менеджмент эпизодических волонтеров до простой функции по выполнению несложных рабочих задач.

Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
Проблематика гендерных исследований в условиях современных общественно-политических трансформаций. По материалам международной научно-практической конференции «Гендерные ресурсы устойчивого развития: международный и российский опыт»
Authors: Ирсетская Елена Александровна , Милованова Марина Юрьевна 
Published: May 2022

4 марта 2022 г. в РГГУ состоялась международная научно-практическая конференция «Гендерные ресурсы устойчивого развития: международный и российский опыт», во второй раз ставшая междисциплинарной площадкой для специалистов по гендерным исследованиям. В центре внимания участников конференции были следующие вопросы: женская историческая память как ресурс устойчивого общественного развития; гендерные особенности политического восприятия власти в различные исторические эпохи; представленность женской дипломатии; социальное неравенство и политика гендерного равенства в современном мире; проблема насилия в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Конференция представляет интерес для широкого круга специалистов, занимающихся гендерными исследованиями. Материалы обсуждений могут послужить основой принятия нормативных документов, направленных на решение важных вопросов, касающихся регулирования и защиты положения женщин в современном обществе.
Ultrafast charge transfer enhanced nonlinear optical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite quantum dots grown from graphene
Authors: Yuan Ye , Cao Fenglin , Li Peng , Wu Jiawen , Zhu Baohua , Gu Yuzong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have exhibited significantly superior nonlinear optical properties compared to traditional semiconductor materials thanks to their peculiar physical and electronic structures. By further improving the nonlinear optical properties of PQDs, it is expected to adapt to ultrafast photonics applications. This work reported the nonlinear optical properties of methylammonium lead bromide-graphene (CH3NH3PbBr3-G) composites synthesized by growing CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots directly from a graphene oxide lattice. Our experiments indicate that the combined advantages of the ultrafast charge transport properties from graphene and the strong charge generation efficiency of perovskite can be integrated together. The CH3NH3PbBr3-G composite exhibited enhanced saturable absorption properties with large modulation depth and very low saturation intensity. The transient absorption spectra and carrier dynamics analysis revealed that the enhancement of the saturated absorption properties of the composites mainly arose from the ultrafast charge transfer between G and CH3NH3PbBr3 which promoted the coupling between different states. The results pave the way for the design of optical switches or mode lockers based on saturable absorbers with good performance.
A Phenomenological Look at the Orgasm Gap
Authors: Niineste Rita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The orgasm gap is the marked difference in the frequency of orgasm between cisgender men and women in heterosexual intercourse that has been documented in research for decades. However, orgasm as a state of intense sexual excitement and gratification is physiologically uncomplicated and readily available for most people regardless of gender. This article undertakes a philosophical study of the processes by which the individual experience of orgasm is invested with meaning and embedded in social and cultural practices that collectively both produce and sustain the orgasm gap. By looking at the experience of orgasm as horizonal, I draw a distinction between the social and the cultural horizons of sexual experiences. I argue that social standards of sexual modesty make sexuality a field where the process through which we make sense of our individual experiences is especially dependent on how these experiences are depicted in cultural representation. The current socially normalised male perspective in cultural representation continues to conflict with the ways orgasm is experienced in female bodies. This is probably one reason why the orgasm gap persists even in countries where sex education and gender equality are highly advanced.