bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and peripubertal sex steroids are inversely associated with birth weight in preterm boys
Authors: Kvernebo Sunnergren Kjersti , Dahlgren Jovanna , Karlsson Ann‐Katrine , Nilsson Staffan , Allvin Kerstin , Ankarberg‐Lindgren Carina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between sex hormone concentrations during childhood and birth weight (BW) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate this relationship and the associations with anthropometric data at 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 years of age in preterm boys.DesignA prospective longitudinal single‐centre study, including 58 boys with a BW of 1325–3320 g and gestational age (GA) of 32 + 2 to 36 + 6 weeks.Patients and MeasurementsData on GA, BW and anthropometric data between 5 and 10 years of age were recorded. Testicular development was assessed at 8 and 10 years of age. Serum concentrations of sex steroids were analysed with gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry at 5–10 years and luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) with immunoassays at 10 years of age.ResultsAt 8 years of age, testosterone and estrone correlated negatively with BW, (ρ = −0.35, p = .021) and (ρ = −0.34, p = .024), respectively. At 10 years of age, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol correlated negatively with BW (ρ = −0.39, p = .010), (ρ = −0.38, p = .013), (ρ = −0.44, p = .003) and (ρ = −0.36, p = .019), respectively. Weight gain from birth correlated with testosterone at 5 years (ρ = 0.40, p = .002), 7 years (ρ = 0.30, p = .040), 8 years (ρ = 0.44, p = .003) and 10 years (ρ = 0.40, p = .008) of age. At 10 years of age, testosterone correlated with LH (ρ = 0.42, p = .006) and FSH (ρ = 0.33, p = .033) but not with testicular volume.ConclusionsLower BW was associated with increased sex steroid concentrations from 8 years of age, independently of clinical signs of puberty.
Literature review on genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Yang Liqing , Shu Huiying , Zhou Min , Gong Yuping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a prevalent inherited hemolytic disorder primarily reported in Caucasians. Recently, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have shown tremendous potential in the diagnosis of HS. HS commonly originates from variants in ANK1, SPTB, SLC4A1, SPTA1, and EPB42. This review is focused on 13 previous clinical studies on genotype–phenotype correlation, which might promote the role of causative variants in the diagnosis and prognosis of HS. Most studies have focused on the pediatric population and Asian countries. The occurrence of novel variants was common in each cohort, and variants with a high frequency of causative genes were demonstrated. In conclusion, patients with variants in SPTA1 and SLC4A1 were reported to have more severe and milder anemia, respectively. ANK1 and SPTB are the most common variants in patients with HS, and no significant difference in phenotypes was observed between patients with variants in ANK1 versus SPTB. The types and locations of variants might influence the phenotype of each genotype, whereas the roles of concomitant pathogenic genes and the source of variants deserve further investigation.
Systematic review of conservation interventions to promote voluntary behavior change
Authors: Thomas‐Walters Laura , McCallum Jamie , Montgomery Ryan , Petros Claire , Wan Anita K. Y. , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding human behavior is vital to developing interventions that effectively lead to proenvironmental behavior change, whether the focus is at the individual or societal level. However, interventions in many fields have historically lacked robust forms of evaluation, which makes it hard to be confident that these conservation interventions have successfully helped protect the environment. We conducted a systematic review to assess how effective nonpecuniary and nonregulatory interventions have been in changing environmental behavior. We applied the Office of Health Assessment and Translation systematic review methodology. We started with more than 300,000 papers and reports returned by our search terms and after critical appraisal of quality identified 128 individual studies that merited inclusion in the review. We classified interventions by thematic area, type of intervention, the number of times audiences were exposed to interventions, and the length of time interventions ran. Most studies reported a positive effect (n = 96). The next most common outcome was no effect (n = 28). Few studies reported negative (n = 1) or mixed (n = 3) effects. Education, prompts, and feedback interventions resulted in positive behavior change. Combining multiple interventions was the most effective. Neither exposure duration nor frequency affected the likelihood of desired behavioral change. Comparatively few studies tested the effects of voluntary interventions on non‐Western populations (n = 17) or measured actual ecological outcome behavior (n = 1). Similarly, few studies examined conservation devices (e.g., energy‐efficient stoves) (n = 9) and demonstrations (e.g., modeling the desired behavior) (n = 5). There is a clear need to both improve the quality of the impact evaluation conducted and the reporting standards for intervention results.
Postsystolic shortening and early systolic lengthening for early detection of myocardial involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wan Minjie , Liu Donghong , Zhang Pengyuan , Xie Peihan , Liang Liuqin , He Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac involvement predicts a poor prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) are used to identify subclinical myocardial involvement in various diseases. This study objected to evaluate postsystolic shortening (PSS) and early systolic lengthening (ESL) by 2D‐STE for early detection of myocardial involvement in patients with SLE.MethodsA total of 121 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in SLE and 30 healthy controls underwent standard 2D‐STE in our study. According to SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), we divided SLE patients into two groups: the group of inactive disease (SLEDAI ≤ 4) and active disease (SLEDAI ≥ 5). The maximum of postsystolic strain index (PSImax) and early systolic strain index (ESImax) were acquired from 17 segments of left ventricular (LV). We also compared the PSImax and ESImax of basal, medial, and apical segments between SLE patients and controls.ResultsCompared with healthy controls and the group of SLEDAI ≤ 4, the group of SLEDAI ≥ 5 had higher PSImax and ESImax value of global LV and basal segments. The absolute value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) had no difference between the group of active disease and inactive disease. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PSS was independently associated with SLEDAI and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsDetection of PSS and ESL enable to identify LV systolic impairment in SLE patients at an early stage.
Left atrial myocardial intrinsic function remodeling response to repair of primary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Lisi Matteo , Cameli Matteo , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Pastore Maria Concetta , Righini Francesca Maria , Flamigni Filippo , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Cavigli Luna , Focardi Marta , Rubboli Andrea , Campo Gianluca , Mondillo Sergio , Henein Michael Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common valve disease which is associated with high mortality, if only managed medically. MR produces chronic and progressive volume overload with left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction, atrial fibrillation (AF) and eventually myocardial fibrosis, irrespective of ejection fraction (EF). Surgical correction (mitral valve repair) of MR removes the volume overload, hence unmasks pre‐operative LV structure and function disturbances, including reduced EF and global longitudinal and circumferential strain, as well as LA volume and strain. This review aims at describing LA remodeling before and after surgical repair.
Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests
Authors: Koza Moritz , Pöhlitz Julia , Prays Aleksey , Kaiser Klaus , Mikutta Robert , Conrad Christopher , Vogel Cordula , Meinel Tobias , Akshalov Kanat , Schmidt Gerd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractErosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction >60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies.Highlights
Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils.
Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes.
All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties.
Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.
A 57‐year‐old man with painful ophthalmoplegia and cavernous sinus involvement: Why this is not Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
Authors: Rodríguez Saúl Silvarrey , Gómez‐Muga Juan José , Onandi Rebeca Ruiz , Gallarreta Zuriñe Diez , García‐Moncó Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) is an idiopathic condition included in the differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia. Although this was once a common diagnosis, the increasing availability of tests reveals an alternative etiology in many cases. Exclusion of treatable disorders is important, because the prognosis may otherwise be poor. We here describe a patient who presented with painful ophthalmoplegia with an infiltrating lesion in the cavernous sinus. Initially suspected of THS, he had a fatal evolution, and postmortem evaluation revealed cervicocephalic actinomycosis. Actinomycosis diagnosis is often missed, and still represents a challenge to the clinician. We highlight pearls and pitfalls to establish a proper diagnosis to avoid missing a treatable condition in patients with suspected THS.
Troubled waters: Barriers to preparation for bias conversations across racially/ethnically diverse families
Authors: Gonzalez Laura M. , Martin Romero Michelle Y. , Stein Gabriela Livas , Coard Stephanie Irby , Kiang Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundParent–child racial‐ethnic socialization conversations are an important tool to cultivate a sense of pride and equip youth to deal with discrimination. However, conversations about preparation for racial bias can be particularly difficult for parents to deliver effectively. Little research has been done that illuminates the types of challenges parents within and across racial‐ethnic groups experience with this task. The current qualitative study addresses this gap.DesignThe study draws on focus group data collected from parents and children from African American, Chinese American, Mexican American, and Indian American (South Asian) families (N = 138 individuals; 30 focus groups). Coding was done by a racially and ethnically diverse research team using inductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006).ResultsYouth and parents reflected on barriers to having effective preparation for bias conversations, including (a) parents' uncertainty in approaching the conversations; (b) tensions in identifying, understanding, and decoding racial discrimination; and (c) generational differences between parents and youth.ConclusionThemes are unpacked from a social learning perspective, approaching the barriers from a person‐based, context‐based, and behavior‐based point of view. Unique and similar experiences across the racial‐ethnic groups were noted, including perspectives from U.S.‐born and immigrant parents.ImplicationsThe authors share implications for racial‐ethnic socialization intervention strategies with parents are shared.
“An umbrella for all things”: Black daughter's sexual decisions and paternal engagement
Authors: Dorsey Marquitta S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to highlight the value of Black fathers to the sexual decision‐making processes among Black adolescent and young adult daughters.BackgroundVarious contextual factors, such as fewer sexual health resources in poorer communities and federal funding cuts to family planning service agencies, ultimately contribute to the sexual health decision‐making of adolescent young women and may be linked to sexual health disparities among Black adolescent women. Recent studies have reported the protective nature of a Black father's engagement to be beneficial to the behavioral outcomes of adolescent daughters.MethodFindings from 17 semistructured interviews conducted with Black adolescent and young adult women are used to discuss the impact of Black fathers' engagement in their lives on their decision‐making processes.ResultsFindings from grounded theory and thematic analysis techniques highlight the impact of paternal advice and expectations on the respondents' sexual decisions through two primary themes: “teaches me about the game” and “umbrella‐like protection.”ConclusionFuture research should consider interventions that consider the intersectional experiences of Black adolescent women and the implications of gender and power dynamics on how Black fathers' engagement may be important to a daughter's sexual health decision‐making processes.ImplicationsPractitioners working with Black families may consider including Black fathers in sexual health communication efforts to support Black daughters' healthy sexual decision‐making.
Mesoscale oceanographic features drive divergent patterns in connectivity for co‐occurring estuarine portunid crabs
Authors: Hewitt Daniel E. , Schilling Hayden T. , Hanamseth Roshan , Everett Jason D. , Li Junde , Roughan Moninya , Johnson Daniel D. , Suthers Iain M. , Taylor Matthew D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarval dispersal and connectivity have important implications for fisheries management, especially for species with life cycles influenced by ocean boundary currents. Giant Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) and Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus armatus) are two estuarine portunid crabs (Family: Portunidae) that support significant commercial and recreational harvest in eastern Australia. Giant Mud Crab migrate to coastal waters to spawn, and while Blue Swimmer Crab spawn primarily within estuaries they occasionally migrate to coastal waters to spawn, followed by larval dispersal in the East Australian Current (EAC). Here, we coupled a high‐resolution oceanographic model with a Lagrangian particle tracking framework to simulate larval dispersal and determine the extent of population connectivity in this region. Our simulations indicate broad‐scale connectivity (~40–400 km), characterised by high inter‐estuary connectivity. Overall, our results suggest a north‐to‐south source‐sink structure for both species, with contributions of particles from the north ranging from 51% to 99%. Recruitment to a given estuary is dependent on the proximity of mesoscale oceanographic features of the EAC. Most notably, the EAC separation acts as a barrier to recruitment between spawning and settlement to the north/south of this region. This significantly limits interjurisdictional connectivity for these species, especially Blue Swimmer Crab, likely due to a shorter pelagic larval duration than Giant Mud Crab. Our results provide evidence to inform the assessment and management of these species.
Cerrado deforestation threatens regional climate and water availability for agriculture and ecosystems
Authors: Rodrigues Ariane A. , Macedo Marcia N. , Silvério Divino V. , Maracahipes Leandro , Coe Michael T. , Brando Paulo M. , Shimbo Julia Z. , Rajão Raoni , Soares‐Filho Britaldo , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Brazilian Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse savannas in the world, yet 46% of its original cover has been cleared to make way for crops and pastures. These extensive land‐use transitions (LUTs) are expected to influence regional climate by reducing evapotranspiration (ET), increasing land surface temperature (LST), and ultimately reducing precipitation. Here, we quantify the impacts of LUTs on ET and LST in the Cerrado by combining MODIS satellite data with annual land use and land cover maps from 2006 to 2019. We performed regression analyses to quantify the effects of six common LUTs on ET and LST across the entire gradient of Cerrado landscapes. Results indicate that clearing forests for cropland or pasture increased average LST by ~3.5°C and reduced mean annual ET by 44% and 39%, respectively. Transitions from woody savannas to cropland or pasture increased average LST by 1.9°C and reduced mean annual ET by 27% and 21%, respectively. Converting native grasslands to cropland or pasture increased average LST by 0.9 and 0.6°C, respectively. Conversely, grassland‐to‐pasture transitions increased mean annual ET by 15%. To date, land changes have caused a 10% reduction in water recycled to the atmosphere annually and a 0.9°C increase in average LST across the biome, compared to the historic baseline under native vegetation. Global climate changes from increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations will only exacerbate these effects. Considering potential future scenarios, we found that abandoning deforestation control policies or allowing legal deforestation to continue (at least 28.4 Mha) would further reduce yearly ET (by −9% and −3%, respectively) and increase average LST (by +0.7 and +0.3°C, respectively) by 2050. In contrast, policies encouraging zero deforestation and restoration of the 5.2 Mha of illegally deforested areas would partially offset the warming and drying impacts of land‐use change.
Global biodiversity conservation requires traditional Chinese medicine trade to be sustainable and well regulated
Authors: Wang Yifu , Turvey Samuel T. , Leader‐Williams Nigel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is highlighted by conservation practitioners as an ongoing threat to many overharvested plant and animal species, including several charismatic threatened vertebrates. However, studies that provide evidence‐based and practical recommendations on how to better regulate the TCM trade for sustainability and biodiversity conservation remain limited. China is the biggest promotor of and market for TCM and understanding the TCM trade in China is important for global biodiversity conservation. In particular, conservation researchers need to better understand how the TCM trade and its regulations interact with China's development needs and should collaborate with TCM communities to propose locally adapted suggestions to decision makers. However, progress in these areas has been restricted by language, cultural, and knowledge barriers. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current status of TCM‐related regulations in China, identify weaknesses in regulation frameworks, and highlight issues that currently limit our understanding of the magnitude, dynamics, and impact of the trade. We propose changes in trade regulations, actions to enhance law enforcement, and future research directions to encourage a more sustainable TCM trade that benefits both global biodiversity conservation and TCM development.
Noise pareidolia test for predicting delirium in hospitalized older patients with cognitive decline
Authors: Hashimoto Yutaka , Kano Osamu , Ebihara Satoru 
Published: September 2022

AimAlthough older people are at an increased risk of developing delirium during hospitalization, no definitive screening tools exist to predict the condition. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the noise pareidolia test (NPT) as a tool for predicting the onset of post‐hospitalization delirium in older adults.MethodsHospitalized patients who were cared for by a multidisciplinary geriatric care team owing to behavioral symptoms, difficulties in communication, and a history of dementia or delirium were analyzed. The NPT was performed on patients who could complete a Mini‐Mental State Examination within 3 days of admission. Demographic and clinical data were recorded on the same day as the NPT or within 3 days of admission. Delirium was assessed using the observation‐based Delirium Screening Tool (DST).ResultsOf 96 patients, 59 were in the DST‐negative group and 37 in the DST‐positive group. Benzodiazepine agonist use, serum potassium levels, and the number of images in which pareidolia was noted (i.e., the NPT score) significantly differed between groups. Logistic regression analysis identified benzodiazepine agonist use (odds ratio, 2.897; P = 0.032), serum potassium levels (odds ratio, 0.427; P = 0.041) and NPT scores (odds ratio, 1.253; P = 0.017) as significant predictors of DST results. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an NPT score of 1 as the appropriate cutoff value.ConclusionsA positive NPT score was identified as an independent predictor of delirium in older patients admitted to an acute care hospital with cognitive dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 883–888.