bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prejudice Toward People With Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, and Depression: Measurement, Structure, and Antecedents
Authors: Bizumic Boris , Gunningham Beth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Many existing measures of prejudiced attitudes toward people with mental illness have conceptual, theoretical, and psychometric problems. The recently created Prejudice toward People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale has addressed many of these limitations, but prejudice toward people with different mental disorders may be unique and require further exploration. This study aimed to facilitate this exploration by adapting the PPMI to focus on schizophrenia and depression, and investigate the structure, distinctiveness, and the nomological network of prejudice toward people with these mental disorders.

Study Design
We adapted the original 28-item PPMI scale to create the Prejudice toward People with Schizophrenia (PPS) and Prejudice toward People with Depression (PPD) scales. There were 406 participants from the general population, who completed these scales and related measures.

Study Results
The original 4-factor structure (fear/avoidance, unpredictability, authoritarianism, and malevolence) was supported for each scale. Participants expressed the highest levels of prejudice toward people with schizophrenia, followed by prejudice toward people with mental illness, and lastly by prejudice toward people with depression. Analyses supported the proposed nomological network of prejudice, which involves theoretical antecedents of social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, empathy, personality traits, disgust sensitivity, and prior contact.

Conclusions
This research provides evidence for the validity and psychometric properties of the PPMI, PPS, and PPD scales, expanding our understanding of antecedents to prejudice toward people with different mental disorders. This research also shows that we gain more insight into prejudice when we use measures targeting specific disorders rather than mental illness in general.
Relationships between neighborhood social stressors and sleep among Jackson Heart Study participants: mediation through physical activity and psychosocial stressors
Authors: Tamura Kosuke , Johnson Dayna A , Neally Sam J , Sims Mario , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo examine associations between perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) and sleep, mediated by physical activity (PA) and psychosocial stressors.MethodsA sample (n = 4705) of African Americans (mean age 55.0 years; 63.4% female) enrolled in the 2000–2004 Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Four self-reported sleep outcomes were analyzed: sleep duration (minutes/night), sleep quality (high/low), short sleep (short ≤ 6 h vs recommended = 7–8 h), and long sleep (long ≥ 9 h vs recommended). PNSE factors included violence (e.g. robbery), problems (trash/litter), and social cohesion (trusting neighbors). PA and psychosocial stressors (lifetime and everyday discrimination, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms) were tested as mediators. With bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs), linear regression was used to test for mediation adjusting for covariates.ResultsNeighborhood violence and problems were associated with sleep duration, mediated through PA (B = −1.97, 95%BC CI = −3.76, −0.60; B = −1.23, 95%BC CI = −2.55, −0.27, respectively), lifetime discrimination (B = 2.61, 95%BC CI = 0.93, 4.80; B = 2.25, 95%BC CI = 0.93, 3.94), perceived stress (B = −3.08, 95%BC CI = −6.20, −0.41; B = −2.17, 95%BC CI = −4.33, −0.28), and depressive symptoms (B = −2.22, 95%BC CI = −5.09, −0.25; B = −1.94, 95%BC CI = −4.10, −0.35). Social cohesion was positively associated with sleep duration, mediated through PA, lifetime discrimination, and perceived stress. Similar patterns were demonstrated for binary outcomes. Yet, effect sizes were relatively small. PNSE was neither directly nor indirectly associated with sleep outcomes by everyday discrimination.ConclusionsEach PNSE factor was associated with sleep outcomes, mediated by PA and psychosocial stressors. Further research should emphasize effective community efforts to decrease adverse neighborhood conditions and psychosocial factors and increase PA; thereby reducing CVD events for African Americans.
Women’s Political Participation through Social Movements and Nongovernmental Organizations: The Case of Compromiso Ciudadano in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: González-Malabet María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates how female participation in social movements and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) influences the political participation of women activists. It highlights how women from the social movement Compromiso Ciudadano successfully led progressive bottom-up programs for the democratic transformation of Medellín, Colombia. This study draws upon the first-hand experiences of women who participated in a focus group and in interviews. The findings reveal that engaging in social movements and NGO activities strengthens women’s agency in political participation, individually and collectively. This kind of grassroots participation increases women’s inclusion in formal politics, and it creates bridges between local governments and female grassroots leaders and movements.
Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Disrupts Protective Tight Junction Proteins via Protein Kinase D in Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lucas Joseph H , Wang Qixin , Rahman Irfan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a long chain per- and polyfluoroalklyl substance (PFAS) that has been used in aqueous film-forming foams. Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates that PFOS may be associated with chronic lung diseases such as asthma and analysis of human tissues demonstrates that the lungs carry a significant body burden of PFOS. Deficits in barrier function are a major risk factor for asthma. Thus, we hypothesized that PFOS exposure will lead to impaired epithelial barrier function through dysregulated tight junctions. Hence, we assessed the impact of PFOS on epithelial barrier integrity. Bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were grown on collagen-coated transwells and treated to 5–25 μM PFOS, and assessed for changes in barrier function and tight junction proteins. Rescue experiments were performed using the protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, CID755673. PFOS treatment reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased 4 kDa FITC-dextran flux. Additionally, PFOS significantly decreased protein levels and the tight junction organization rate of occludin and zonula occludens 1. Increased phosphorylation (Ser744/Ser748) of PKD was observed 3 h following PFOS treatment. Pretreatment with the PKD inhibitor attenuated PFOS-mediated changes in TEER and FITC-dextran flux and restored occludin protein levels. In conclusion, PFOS causes loss of airway barrier integrity and the disruption of tight junctions in bronchial epithelial cells, which was partly attenuated through the inhibition of PKD. These findings demonstrate that PFOS is capable of disrupting airway barrier function, a potentially driving factor underlying associations between PFOS and respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Exploring the Relationship Between Endogenous Pain Modulation, Pain Intensity, and Depression in Patients Using Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Lazaridou Asimina , Paschali Myrella , Zgierska Aleksandra E. , Garland Eric L. , Edwards Robert R. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Endogenous pain modulatory processes appear to play an important role in shaping pain-related outcomes, but we know relatively little about the influence of psychosocial factors on those pain modulatory processes. The primary objective of this study was to explore associations between endogenous pain modulation (ie, conditioned pain modulation, CPM; temporal summation, TS), chronic pain, and negative affective factors (ie, depression, anxiety symptoms) in a sample of participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) treated with long-term daily opioids.

Methods:
Adults with opioid-treated CLBP (N=107) completed questionnaires assessing pain, pain symptoms, and psychological measures. CPM and TS were evaluated as predictors of pain intensity ratings (Brief Pain Inventory), with depression scores (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression subscale) examined as potential moderators of those associations.

Results:
Moderation analyses demonstrated associations between CPM and back pain intensity ratings, moderated by depression symptom scores (B=−0.002, SE=0.0008, P<0.01) when controlling for daily opioid dose, with participants with higher depression scores showing a relatively stronger link between lower CPM and increased pain intensity ratings. Significant associations were observed between depression, pain intensity, and CPM-derived outcomes.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that reduced pain-inhibitory capacity is associated with elevated self-reported pain intensity in adults with opioid-treated CLBP, particularly among those with higher severity of depression symptoms.
Temporal trend in mortality of cardiovascular diseases and its contribution to life expectancy increase in China, 2013 to 2018
Authors: Xia Xue , Cai Yue , Cui Xiang , Wu Ruixian , Liu Fangchao , Huang Keyong , Yang Xueli , Lu Xiangfeng , Wu Shiyong , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Backgrounds:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide. However, little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements. We aimed to describe the updated tendency in CVD mortality and to quantify its impact on life expectancy (LE) increase in China.

Methods:
All-cause mortality rates were calculated with population sizes from the National Bureau of Statistics and death counts from the National Health Commission. We estimated CVD mortality rates by allocating age- and sex-based mortality envelopes to each CVD subtype based on its proportion derived from the Disease Surveillance Points system. The probability of CVD premature deaths and LE were calculated with life tables and we adopted Arriaga's method to quantitate age- and cause-specific contributions to LE gains.

Results:
During 2013 to 2018, the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD decreased from 289.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 289.03, 290.35)/100,000 to 272.37 (95%CI: 271.81, 272.94)/100,000, along with a decline in probability of CVD premature deaths from 9.05% (95%CI: 9.02%, 9.09%) to 8.13% (95%CI: 8.10%, 8.16%). The gap in CVD mortality across sexes expanded with more remarkable declines in females, especially for those aged 15 to 64 years. Among major subtypes, the probability of premature deaths from hemorrhage stroke declined fastest, while improvements of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease were limited, and there was an increase in stroke sequelae. LE in China reached 77.04 (95%CI: 76.96, 77.12) years in 2018 with an increase of 1.38 years from 2013. Of the total LE gains, 21.15% (0.29 years) were attributed to reductions of CVD mortality in the overall population, mostly driven by those aged >65 years.

Conclusions:
The general process in reducing CVD mortality has contributed to longevity improvements in China. More attention should be paid to prevention and control of atherosclerotic CVD and stroke sequelae, especially for the elderly. Working-age males also deserve additional attention due to inadequate improvements.
Chinese registry of rheumatoid arthritis (CREDIT) V: sex impacts rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese patients
Authors: Jiang Nan , Li Qin , Li Hongbin , Fang Yongfei , Wu Lijun , Duan Xinwang , Xu Jian , Zhao Cheng , Jiang Zhenyu , Wang Yanhong , Wang Qian , Leng Xiaomei , Li Mengtao , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
The impact of sex on the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were diversely reported in the literature. The Chinese Registry of rhEumatoiD arthrITis provides a platform for the investigation of this issue in Chinese patients.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical parameters were collected from all enrolled patients with RA and from patients with early RA (disease duration ≤6 months). The differences in data regarding disease activity, comorbidities, and medications for RA were compared between men and women. The proportions of patients who achieved remission and low disease activity were compared at enrollment and during 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up visits.

Results:
A total of 11,564 patients were enrolled, 83.6% of whom were female. In all the enrolled patients and patients with early RA, C-reactive protein (CRP, 12.0 vs. 6.7 mg/L), pain visual analogue scale (4.8 vs. 4.5), patient's and physician's global assessment (4.9 vs. 4.5 and 4.9 vs. 4.5), 28-joint disease activity score using DAS28-CRP (4.3 vs. 4.0) simplified disease activity index (21.9 vs. 19.9), and clinical disease activity index (19.3 vs. 18.0) were significantly higher in men than in women. Additionally, the swollen joint count/tender joint count and DAS28 using erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher in male patients than in female patients with early RA. More female patients with early RA reached the treatment target at baseline than male patients (23.4% vs. 18.2%, assessed by CDAI). At 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, the proportion of remission and treatment target achievement was similar in both sexes. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke were more frequent in men than in women.

Conclusions:
In Chinese patients with RA, men were found to have more active disease, as well as more cases of CAD and stroke. Therefore, sex should be carefully considered during the personalization of RA treatment.
Transplant outcomes of 100 cases of living-donor ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation
Authors: Yin Saifu , Tan Qiling , Yang Youmin , Zhang Fan , Song Turun , Fan Yu , Huang Zhongli , Lin Tao , Wang Xianding 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Although ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation (KT) has been performed successfully, a standard preconditioning regimen has not been established. Based on the initial antidonor ABO antibody titers, an individualized preconditioning regimen is developed, and this study explored the efficacy and safety of the regimen.

Methods:
From September 1, 2014, to September 1, 2020, we performed 1668 consecutive living-donor KTs, including 100 ABOi and 1568 ABO-compatible (ABOc) KTs. ABOi KT recipients (KTRs) with a lower antibody titer (≤1:8) were administered oral immunosuppressive drugs (OIs) before KT, while patients with a medium titer (1:16) received OIs plus antibody-removal therapy (plasma exchange/double-filtration plasmapheresis), patients with a higher titer (≥1:32) were in addition received rituximab (Rit). Competing risk analyses were conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence of infection, acute rejection (AR), graft loss, and patient death.

Results:
After propensity score analyses, 100 ABOi KTRs and 200 matched ABOc KTRs were selected. There were no significant differences in graft and patient survival between the ABOi and ABOc groups (P = 0.787, P = 0.386, respectively). After using the individualized preconditioning regimen, ABOi KTRs showed a similar cumulative incidence of AR (10.0% υs. 10.5%, P = 0.346). Among the ABOi KTRs, the Rit-free group had a similar cumulative incidence of AR (P = 0.714) compared to that of the Rit-treated group. Multivariate competing risk analyses revealed that a Rit-free regimen reduced the risk of infection (HR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.78, P = 0.013). Notably, antibody titer rebound was more common in ABOi KTRs receiving a Rit-free preconditioning regimen (P = 0.013) than those receiving Rit. ABOi KTRs with antibody titer rebound had a 2.72-fold risk of AR (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.01–7.31, P = 0.048). ABOi KTRs had similar serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to those of ABOc KTRs after the first year.

Conclusions:
An individualized preconditioning regimen can achieve comparable graft and patient survival rates in ABOi KT with ABOc KT. Rit-free preconditioning effectively prevented AR without increasing the risk of infectious events in those with lower initial titers; however, antibody titer rebound should be monitored.
Child Media Use During COVID-19: Associations with Contextual and Social-Emotional Factors
Authors: Munzer Tiffany , Torres Chioma , Domoff Sarah E. , Levitt Kimberley J. , McCaffery Harlan , Schaller Alexandria , Radesky Jenny S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:

Objective:
The aim of this study was to test associations between (1) contextual factors and types of digital media use and (2) types of digital media use and children's social-emotional and sleep outcomes during COVID-19.

Methods:
In February to March 2021, 303 parents of elementary schoolers participated in this cross-sectional survey gathering information on demographics, child school format, contextual factors, duration of types of digital media use, social-emotional outcomes, and sleep. Multivariable regressions examined associations outlined in the objective, adjusting for school format, only child, race/ethnicity, and parental stress, depressive symptoms, education, and material hardship.

Results:
Children were aged 5 years to younger than 11 years and spent approximately 4 hours on screen media daily. In multivariable analyses, remote school format; greater material hardship; Black, Indigenous, and people of color child race/ethnicity; lower parenting stress; and parent depressive symptoms were associated with longer duration of various digital media. Longer daily duration of streaming video and video chat were associated with higher prosocial scores, while console games, mobile apps/games, and video-sharing platforms were associated with greater problematic media use (PMU) (defined as interfering with adaptive functioning). More time on mobile apps/games, video-sharing platforms, and video streaming was linked with shorter sleep.

Conclusion:
Lower parenting stress predicted greater digital media use. Greater digital media use during the pandemic may have enabled parents to focus on other needs. Use of media for social connection predicted greater prosocial behaviors. Engagement-prolonging digital media predicted PMU. Pediatric providers may wish to consider family context when addressing digital media use and encourage socially oriented digital media.
INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING DISTORTS THE RETINAL LAYERS AND INDUCES SCOTOMA FORMATION IN THE PERIFOVEAL TEMPORAL MACULA
Authors: Tao Jiwei , Yang Jinglei , Wu Yubo , Ye Xin , Zhang Yun , Mao Jianbo , Wang Jun , Chen Yiqi , Shen Lijun 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To determine whether internal limiting membrane peeling damages retinal function in patients with an idiopathic macular hole.

Methods:
Retrospective case series. Forty-five eyes of 45 idiopathic macular hole patients who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Each patient received a complete ophthalmological examination. The eyes were examined by microperimetry MP-3 in the central 20° visual field and optical coherence tomography angiography in the central 6 × 6 mm area.

Results:
Six months after the surgery, macular hole closed in each patient. Retinal sensitivity decreased significantly in the perifoveal temporal ETDRS sector (from 24.97 ± 2.67–19.98 ± 5.68 dB, P = 0.001) but not in the other sectors. Six patients (13%) developed 24 scotomas, 62.5% presented in the perifoveal temporal sector. Anatomically, bumps in the outer nuclear layer were discovered concurrent with inner retinal dimples on B-scan images, predominantly (76.8%) in the perifoveal temporal sector, which have not been previously reported. The incidence of outer nuclear layer bumps was significantly higher in patients with scotomas than in those without (83% vs. 18%, P = 0.014).

Conclusion:
Internal limiting membrane peeling induced functional changes specifically in the perifoveal temporal macula. Distortion in the retinal layers is proposed to underly scotomas pathogenesis.
Investigation of the Effect of Sexual Attitudes and Attachment Styles of Spouses of Cancer Patients on Their Psychological Resilience
Authors: Tanriverdi Ayça Merve , Turan Nazan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is pointed out that the attachment styles of spouses are also very important in terms of coping with the psychological problems experienced in illness and sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sexual attitudes and attachment styles of spouses of cancer patients on their psychological resilience. The research was carried out as a descriptive study based on the relational screening model between January and November 2021. A total of 429 spouses of cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data were collected online using the Participant Information Form, which was prepared by the researcher, Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-S), and Hendrick Sexual Attitude Scale (BSAS). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and linear regression using the SPSS 25.0 program. Two hundred forty-six women and 183 men were included in the study, and it has been detected that RSA scores of female participants were higher than male participants. In addition, a positive relation between RSA scores and ECR-S scores (r = 0.247) and a negative relation between RSA and BSAS (r = −0.414) were detected (p < 0.05). It was determined that the psychological resilience of spouses of cancer patients was related to sexual attitudes and attachment styles.
Childhood Adversity, Addiction Severity, and Comorbidity Among Patients Receiving Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Carr Meagan M. , Ellis Jennifer D. , Saules Karen K. , Ledgerwood David M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patients in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment report high rates of childhood adversity, and women experience greater exposure to certain types of childhood adversity (e.g., sexual abuse). Childhood adversity is associated with clinical severity, but the mechanisms explaining this association are not well understood. Participants (N = 171) in opioid agonist treatment completed measures of childhood adversity, emotion regulation, and clinical severity (i.e., addictive behaviors, depression, and anxiety). Women endorsed greater childhood adversity and higher current psychopathology than men. The association between childhood adversity and clinical severity varied as a function of symptom type, although emotion regulation was a strong predictor in all models. Women reported higher levels of anxiety after controlling for covariates, childhood adversity, and emotion dysregulation. Future research should investigate treatment strategies to address emotion dysregulation among patients in OUD treatment, particularly women who may present with greater childhood adversity exposure and anxiety.