bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Transdermal Delivery System in Astilbin Microemulsion with Improved Stability and Anti-psoriatic Activity
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhao Ruizhi , Ding Yutong , Liu Lijuan , Wu Yayun 
Published: April 2022

Background:Astilbin is a promising candidate drug for psoriasis. However, the poor solubility and stability limited its clinical application.Purpose:The present work aimed to develop a stable microemulsion of astilbin formulation and evaluate its effect in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Oil phase, surfactants, and cosurfactants were screened using solubility and stability of astilbin as the index. The central composite experiment design and response surface methodology analysis were adopted to optimize microemulsion parameters. The particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity, drug content, encapsulation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and stability of the optimized microemulsion were evaluated. Then, the drug release and anti-psoriasis effects were evaluated in a mouse model induced by imiquimod.Results:The optimum formulation contained Labrafil M 1944 Cs (10.12%), Polyoxyethylene Castor Oil 35 (37.41%), propylene glycol (12.47%), water (40%), and gallic acid (2.9%), and the average particle size was 14.71 nm. The permeability of astilbin from the optimized astilbin-gallic acid microemulsion in 24 hr was 4.39 times higher compared with the astilbin’s microemulsion. The content of astilbin in astilbin-gallic acid microemulsion remained unchanged after being stored at 25°C for 4 months compared with astilbin aqueous (3 h) and astilbin microemulsion (185 h). Compared with the model group, the optimized formulation decreased the PASI score and Baker score by 49% and 73%, respectively, which showed a favorable anti-psoriasis effect. Moreover, there was no difference in the anti-psoriasis effect between the optimized group and the positive control.Conclusion:These results indicated that the astilbin-gallic acid microemulsion might be a potential topical drug used for the treatment of psoriasis.
Amalgamation of Nanotechnology for Delivery of Bioactive Constituents in
Solid Tumors
Authors: Ahmad Sayeed , Husain Syed Akhtar , Parveen Rabea , Mohapatra Sradhanjali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Solid tumor is one of the highly prevalent cancers among humans and the treatment is often
restricted by drug resistance to chemotherapeutics. One of the main reasons might be attributed to the
limited penetration ability of drugs through tumor tissues due to heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment.
Over the recent years, so much research has been carried out for developing phytochemicals
as cancer therapeutic agents. These are well-established as potential candidates for preventing and
treating cancer, especially solid tumors, but have limited clinical applications due to their large molecular
size, low bioavailability, stability, and target specificity, along with other side effects when used at
high concentrations. There has been a widely proposed nano delivery system of bioactive constituents to
overcome these obstacles. This nanostructured system might be able to potentiate the action of plant
constituents, by reducing the side effects at a lesser dose with improved efficacy. Indeed, nanosystems
can deliver the bioactive constituents at a specific site in the desired concentration and avoid undesired
drug exposure to normal tissues. Furthermore, these nanoparticles demonstrate high differential absorption
efficiency in the target cells over normal cells by preventing them from interacting prematurely
with the biological environment, enhancing the cellular uptake and retention effect in disease tissues,
while decreasing the toxicity. This review discusses various treatment stratagems used for the management
of solid tumors with special emphasis on nanocarrier systems as a potential treatment strategy for
herbal drugs. This also covers a wide list of plants that are used for the treatment of solid tumors and
cancers along with their mechanisms of action and enlists various nanocarrier systems used for different
phytoconstituents. This review gives a brief idea about different plants and their constituents exploited
for their anticancer/antitumor potential along with several nanocarrier systems employed for the same
and gives future directions to stress the nanotechnology platform as a valuable approach for the prevention
and treatment of solid tumors.
Acenaphthotriazine Thio-triazole Derivatives as Anti-cancer Agents
Triggering Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Iraji Aida , Shahrokh Nasim , Firuzi Omidreza , Mohabbati Maryam , Miri Ramin , Sadeghpour Hossein , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi , Edraki Najmeh 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases, affecting the lives of millions of
people around the world.

Introduction:
A series of acenaphtho[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazine containing different thiomethyl-1,2,3-triazole
derivatives were designed based on a fragment-based and molecular hybridization approach as anti-cancer
agents.

Methods:
Designed compounds were synthesized using cycloaddition condensation followed by click
reaction. Cytotoxicity of prepared compounds was evaluated by MTT reduction assay against four different
cancer cell lines.

Results:
The biological evaluation indicated that derivative 6d with para-fluorobenzyl moiety was the
most active cytotoxic agent with IC50 values of 70.1, 12.8, 41.5, and 16.0 μM against K562, MOLT-4,
HT-29, and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that acenaphtho triazine derivatives
could induce G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Synthesized derivatives can be ideal candidates for further exploration as anti-cancer agents.
Ascending Flaccid Paralysis Secondary to Hypokalemia in A Cancer Patient
using Abiraterone - A Case Report
Authors: de Almeida Daniella Cristina Brites , Costa Aline Luiza , de Oliveira Faria Barbara Lacerda , de Carvalho Frederico Bruzzi , Cintra Marco Tulio Gualberto 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of neoplasm in men and
the fourth leading cause of mortality in Brazil. The prostate cancer refractory metastatic castration
can be treated with abiraterone acetate (AA).

Case Presentation:
Its use has been associated with increased survival. However, there are also
side effects associated with the use of this drug, such as severe electrolyte disturbances.

Conclusion:
The objective is to report the clinical case of a patient with castration-resistant metastatic
prostate cancer who developed ascending flaccid paralysis secondary to severe hypokalemia,
probably due to hyperaldosteronism secondary to the use of Abiraterone Acetate, despite
the use of Prednisone.
The Organic Life According to Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anticancer
Approaches
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli , Cheng Qi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The aim of this review was to summarize the most important traditional medinical
herbs and plants that are being used in different parts of the world with a focus on a green anticancer
approach. The most important impacts of medicinal plants on cancer treatments are prevention
of cancer occurrence, decreased side effects, ameliorated post-operative complications,
reduced post operative recurrence, reduced tumor growth, maintenance therapy, reduced symptoms
and prolonged survival. Alkaloid anti-cancer compounds are pyrrolidine, pyridine, tropane,
piperidine, pyrrolizidine, quinolizidine, indolizidine, isoquinoline, oxazole, isoxazole, quinazoline,
quinoline, indole serine, purine, β-phenylethylamine, colchicine, benzylamine, abornin,
pancratistatin and narciclasine. Anticancer phenolic compounds from plants are flavonol, flavones,
kaempferol, luteolin, curcumin, apigenin, chalcone, and cafestol. Anticancer terpenoids
compounds from medicinal plants are isoprene, alpha-hederin, galanal A, galanal B, carnosol,
oleanane and xanthorrhizol. The most important chemical structures of anti-cancer drugs derived
from plants are vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, vindesine, vinflunine, paclitaxel, docetaxel,
cabazitaxel, larotaxel, milataxel, ortataxel, tesetaxel, camptothecin, irinotecan, topotecan, etoposide,
teniposide, harringtonine and homoharringtonine. Cancer is one of the main and primary
causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. It is a broad group of various diseases typified
by unregulated cell growth. The role of plants, especially traditional herbs as a source of organic
medicines has been prevalent in many societies, especially in Eastern medicinal science for
thousands of years. Traditional medicinal herbs and plants which have both antiviral activity and
the ability to promote immunity, would have possible inhibition ability in the initiation and promotion
of virus-associated cancers. Medicinal plants should always be considered a great source
of novel chemical constituents with anti-cancer effects.
First Record of Dissemination of BLBLI-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae from Public Hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Alzaidi Jawad R. , Mohammed Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Enterobacter cloacae are most frequently isolated from human clinical specimens.

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the dissemination of E. cloacae clinical isolates resistant to β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations from different clinical specimens of hospitalized patients.

Methods:
E. cloacae isolates were recovered from different clinical samples of hospitalized patients in three main hospitals in Baghdad city. E. cloacae isolates were identified based on their morphology and biochemical tests, and the identification was confirmed using Vitek-2 system. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. cloacae isolates to a variety of antibiotics was achieved using disc diffusion test (DDT) and Vitek-2 system.

Results:
Results found that among 335 culture-positive samples, 30 isolates (8.9%) belonged to E. cloacae. A high rate of isolation was observed in urine isolates (46.6%), followed by wounds (burns) isolates (26.6%). Out of 30 E. cloacae strains isolated during this study, 18 (60%) showed reduced susceptibility to BLBLI combinations. TEM genes (TEM-1 and TEM-2) were successfully amplified from 7/18 isolates (38.8%) and high rate of BLBLI genes was detected (CTX-M, bla-SHV, SHV-2, and OXA-1). However, no BLBLI genes of bla-AmpC, bla- OXA-2, and bla- OXA-10 were found in E. cloacae isolates when tested using specific primers for bla-AmpC and bla-OXA genes.

Conclusion:
From this study, we can conclude that the production of inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases by E. cloacae isolates could be increasingly common in nosocomial pathogens other than E. coli or K. pneumoniae in public hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq.
Assessment of Knowledge and Level of Radiation Safety Awareness among Radiographers Working in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Nyathi Mpumelelo 
Published: April 2022

Background:Radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis, treatment, staging and follow up of various diseases. However, there is concern that the ionizing radiation (gamma rays, α and ß particles) may result in the exposure of radiographers with limited knowledge of the principles of radiation protection and safety, raising the risk of cancer induction.Objective:To investigate the knowledge and level of radiation safety awareness among radiographers at a tertiary hospital.Methods:It is an analytical cross-sectional study. A validated two-part questionnaire was implemented to consenting radiographers in a Nuclear Medicine Department. Part 1 gathered demographic information (age, gender, work experience, attendance to/or passing ionizing radiation protection courses). Part 2 covered questions related to knowledge and level of awareness of radiation protection principles.Results:Five radiographers voluntary participated (2/5 were males while 3/5 were females). Three age groups were distinguishable, 21-30, 41-50 and 51-60 years. In the age group of 21-30 years, there was one male with just over 4 years of experience while in the age group 41-50, there were three females with less than three years of experience and in the age group 51-60, there was one male radiographer with over 20 years of experience. All the radiographers showed a high level of awareness and knowledge of radiation safety principles.Conclusion:Education coupled with training in radiation protection is an essential tool for instilling radiation awareness among radiographers. However, education alone is not enough, further skills in preparation and administration of radiopharmaceuticals will reduce exposures.
Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants for the COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Yashika , Kaushik Sulochana , Boora Sanjit , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Ajit , Yadav Jaya P. , Kaushik Samander 
Published: April 2022

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread throughout the globe and has
become a terrible epidemic. Researchers all around the globe are working to understand the
characteristics of coronavirus and are trying to find antiviral compounds as an alternative to
vaccines.

Objective:
The present study has been conceptualized to screen the various metabolites of
traditional therapeutic plants that can have crucial antiviral activity against COVID-19.

Methods:
Medicinal plants are rich sources of therapeutic agents of human origin. In this study,
active metabolites from plants such as O. sanctum, C. longa, A. indica, Z. officinale, A.
paniculata, G. glabra, A. sativum, P. guajava, V. negundo and S. aromaticum have been studied.
This study aims to control COVID-19, either by interfering with the Cysteine-like protease
(3CLpro) component of COVID-19 or by blocking viral entry via the human angiotensinconverting
enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor. The molecular docking of forty plant metabolites was
studied with the 3Clpro component and ACE 2 receptors. In addition to this, the binding
capacity of these two targets was also compared with hydroxychloroquine used for its
treatment.

Results:
The results reveal that Glycyrrhizin binds to 3CLpro in a highly stable manner with the
lowest binding energy. Glabridin, beta-sitosterol, beta-Caryophyllene, alpha-Curcumene, and
Apigenin, among others, have shown effective interactions with both ACE 2 and 3CLpro. The
study reveals the ability of more than 20 plant-based compounds against the COVID-19
infection cycle, which are more effective than hydroxychloroquine.

Conclusion:
Medicinal plant-based therapeutic compounds might provide quickly, sensitive,
precise, and cost-effective alternative therapies. To reduce adverse effects, many
pharmacological characteristics of medicinal plant agents should be adjusted.
The Effect of Some Symptoms and Features During the Infection Period on the Level of Anxiety and Depression of Adults after Recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Huyut Mehmet Tahir , Kocaturk İdris 
Published: April 2022

Background:Considering the previous evidence regarding SARS/MERS outbreaks, ıt is expected that emergent psychiatric conditions such as mood disorders, anxiety, and depression disorders may occur in survivors of COVID-19.Objectives:In this study, the effects of clinical/neurological symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients during the infection period on the level of anxiety/depression after recovery were investigated.Methods:Firstly, the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and their clinical/ neurological symptoms during the infection period were determined. In addition, the Beck anxiety/depression scale was administered to the participants upon discharge. Then, the odds ratio of the variables was calculated by applying the Poisson regression method to determine the predictors affecting the level of anxiety/depression.Results:In this study, the clinical/neurological symptoms and the sociodemographic characteristics affecting the level of anxiety/depression were found to be associated with adults (mean age 45-years). The number of days of hospitalization was the only clinical feature that increased both anxiety and depression levels. In addition, post-discharge sleep disorder, headache, and alcohol use were found to be predictors of increased anxiety levels. In addition, smoking, the presence of a person with COVID-19 infection in the immediate vicinity, traveling in the last month before the illness, fever, and loss of smell during the infection period was found to increase the level of depression. Moreover, asthma was the only significant comorbidity that increased the anxiety level, while diabetes was the only comorbidity that increased the depression level.Conclusion:It is expected that this study will support social-psychological intervention and have some effects on reducing depressive/anxiety symptoms, which can vary widely in adults during stressful events.
Current Trends in the Animal Models for Screening of Nootropic Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Seema , Grover Shubhima 
Published: April 2022

Background:Deficits in cognitive functions are observed in various diseases. The term “nootropics” refers to the compounds that increase mental functions, including memory, motivation, concentration and attention. Given the complexity and vastness of the processes involved in cognition, developing an appropriate animal model for the screening of nootropic agents still remains a daunting task.Objectives:This review attempts to elicit the current trends in the animal models being used for screening of nootropic agents and effectively use this knowledge to improve prospects embarking on this area of research.Methods:Electronic searches were carried out on PubMed using the keywords “nootropic agents”[MeSH Term] OR “nootropic drugs” [MeSH Term] AND “animal model” [MeSH Term] OR “animal model, experimental” [MeSH Term]. All relevant studies from 2016 to 31st August, 2021, were then reviewed to meet the stated objective.Results:The most commonly used disease model for screening of nootropic agents was found to be the animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Disease models of vascular dementia or stroke, depression or anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy or seizure, diabetes and traumatic brain injury, among others, have also been used. There exists a wide variety of behavioral tests to assess cognition.Conclusion:Since a variety of etiologies can affect cognitive processes. Hence, a nootropic agent may be screened in a variety of disease models. The most widely used and appropriate method to assess cognition would be by combining the behavioral and biochemical assays so that a more comprehensive profile of the nootropic effects of a drug can be elicited.
Mobile-Social Learning for Continuing Professional Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Integrative Review
Authors: Guillaume Dominique , Troncoso Erica , Duroseau Brenice , Bluestone Julia , Fullerton Judith 
Published: April 2022

Background
Access to continuing professional development (CPD) for health care workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is severely limited. Digital technology serves as a promising platform for supporting CPD for health care workers by providing educational content virtually and enabling virtual peer-to-peer and mentor interaction for enhanced learning. Digital strategies for CPD that foster virtual interaction can increase workforce retention and bolster the health workforce in LMICs.

Objective
The objective of this integrative review was to evaluate the evidence on which digital platforms were used to provide CPD to health care workers and clinical students in LMICs, which was complemented with virtual peer-to-peer or mentor interaction. We phrased this intersection of virtual learning and virtual interaction as mobile-social learning.

Methods
A comprehensive database and gray literature search was conducted to identify qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies, along with empirical evidence, that used digital technology to provide CPD and virtual interaction with peers or mentors. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Eligible articles were written in English, conducted in an LMIC, and used a mobile device to provide CPD and facilitate virtual peer-to-peer or mentor interaction. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened, followed by an assessment of the quality of evidence and an appraisal of the articles. A content analysis was then used to deductively code the data into emerging themes.

Results
A total of 750 articles were identified, and 31 (4.1%) were included in the review. SMS text messaging and mobile instant messaging were the most common methods used to provide continuing education and virtual interaction between peers and mentors (25/31, 81%). Across the included articles, participants had high acceptability for using digital platforms for learning and interaction. Virtual peer interaction and mentorship were found to contribute to positive learning outcomes in most studies (27/31, 87%) through increased knowledge sharing, knowledge gains, improved clinical skills, and improved service delivery. Peer-to-peer and mentor interaction were found to improve social support and reduce feelings of isolation (9/31, 29%). There were several challenges in the implementation and use of digital technology for mobile-social learning, including limited access to resources (eg, internet coverage and stable electricity), flexibility in scheduling to participate in CPD, and sociobehavioral challenges among students.

Conclusions
The summary suggests that mobile-social learning is a useful modality for curriculum dissemination and skill training and that the interface of mobile and social learning serves as a catalyst for improved learning outcomes coupled with increased social capital.
PENGARUH JUMLAH USAHA DAN INVESTASI TERHADAP JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA INDUSTRI MENENGAH KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Saleh Fahad Ainun , Soelistyo Aris , Kusuma Hendra 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the number mid-industrial and investment to the labor of mid-industrial in Surabaya during the period 2017-2019. This study used panel data regression with common effect method (CEM). The data used in this research is secondary data. The variables dependent used in this study is the number of labor in Surabaya, while the independent variable are number mid-industrial and investment mid-industrial of Surabaya. Panel data regression calculation results in this study indicate that a variable number mid-industrial and investment simultaneously have a positive influence and significant impact on labor mid-industrial in Surabaya. Partially, variable number mid-industrial and investment have a positive influence and significant impact on labor mid-industrial in Surabaya.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SWASTA NASIONAL DEVISA DI BEI PERIODE 2014-2018
Authors: Seran Trifonia Klara , Nuraini Ida , Boedirochminarni Arfida 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loans (NPL), Operational Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on profitability measured by Return On Asset (ROA) of National private foreign exchange bank in BEI. The analytical tool used is a combined panel data regression analysis method between the time series data of 2014-2018 and cross-section data 6 National private foreign exchange bank in BEI by using the Common Effects model. The results showed that the CAR had a positive and not significant effect on bank profitability (ROA), NPL had a positive and significant effect on bank profitability (ROA), BOPO had a negative effect and significant to bank profitability (ROA), LDR has negative and not significant effect on bank profitability (ROA)and NIM has a positive and not significant effect on bank profitability (ROA). value of 0.98 (98%) which means as much as 98% changes in bank profitability can be explained by the independent variables that exist while 2% is explained by other causes outside the research model.