bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sec24C mediates a Golgi‐independent trafficking pathway that is required for tonoplast localisation of ABCC1 and ABCC2
Authors: Lv Qiao‐Yan , Han Mei‐Ling , Gao Yi‐Qun , Zhang Chu‐Ying , Wang Ya‐Ling , Chao Zhen‐Fei , Zhong Li‐Yuan , Chao Dai‐Yin 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Protein sorting is an essential biological process in all organisms. Trafficking membrane proteins generally relies on the sorting machinery of the Golgi apparatus. However, many proteins have been found to be delivered to target locations via Golgi‐independent pathways, but the mechanisms underlying this delivery system remain unknown.

Here, we report that Sec24C mediates the direct secretory trafficking of the phytochelatin transporters ABCC1 and ABCC2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genetic analysis showed that the sec24c mutants are hypersensitive to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) treatments due to mislocalisation of ABCC1 and ABCC2, which results in defects in the vacuole compartmentalisation of the toxic metals. Furthermore, we found that Sec24C recognises ABCC1 and ABCC2 through direct interactions to mediate their exit from the ER to PVCs, which is independent of brefeldin A‐sensitive post‐Golgi trafficking pathway.

These findings expand our understanding of Golgi‐independent trafficking, which also provide key insights regarding the mechanism of tonoplast protein sorting and open a new perspective on the function of Sec24 proteins.
From island biogeography to landscape and metacommunity ecology: A macroecological perspective of bat communities
Authors: Presley Steven J. , Willig Michael R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe equilibrium theory of island biogeography and its quantitative consideration of origination and extinction dynamics as they relate to island area and distance from source populations have evolved over time and enriched theory related to many disciplines in spatial ecology. Indeed, the island focus was catalytic to the emergence of landscape ecology and macroecology in the late 20th century. We integrate concepts and perspectives of island biogeography, landscape ecology, macroecology, and metacommunity ecology, and show how these disciplines have advanced the understanding of variation in abundance, biodiversity, and composition of bat communities. We leverage the well‐studied bat fauna of the islands in the Caribbean to illustrate the complex interplay of ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary processes in molding local biodiversity and system‐wide structure. Thereafter, we highlight the role of habitat loss and fragmentation, which is increasing at an accelerating rate during the Anthropocene, on the structure of local bat communities and regional metacommunities across landscapes. Bat species richness increases with the amount of available habitat, often forming nested subsets along gradients of patch or island area. Similarly, the distance to and identity of sources of colonization influence the richness, composition, and metacommunity structure of islands and landscape networks.
Dental follicle cells‐derived small extracellular vesicles inhibit pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Huang Yanli , Liu Li , Liu Qian , Huo Fangjun , Hu Xingyu , Guo Shujuan , Tian Weidong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIt aims to explore the effect of dental follicle cells‐derived small extracellular vesicles (D‐sEVs) with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS) pretreating on the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis).MethodsThe antibacterial effects of D‐sEV were evaluated by measuring the growth, biofilm formation, gingipains, and type IX secretion system (T9SS) expression of P. gingivalis. And the influence of D‐sEV on P. gingivalis adhesion, invasion, cytotoxicity, and host immune response was examined in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Then P. gingivalis treated with D‐sEV was applied to investigate the pathogenicity in experimental periodontitis of mice.ResultsIt showed that both D‐sEV and P. gingivalis LPS‐pretreated D‐sEV (L‐D‐sEV) could target P. gingivalis, inhibit their growth and biofilm formation, and hinder the attachment and invasion in GECs, therefore remarkably decreasing P. gingivalis cytotoxicity and the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in GECs. In addition, they significantly reduced the expression of P. gingivalis virulence factors (gingipains and T9SS). In vivo, it showed that the bacteria in the gingiva were significantly decreased after sEV treatment. Meanwhile, less bone loss and fewer inflammatory cells infiltration and osteoclast formation in D‐sEV and L‐D‐sEV groups.ConclusionBoth D‐sEV and L‐D‐sEV were proven to inhibit the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis and thus prevented the development of periodontitis.
QRS fragmentation and prolongation as predictors of exercise capacity in patients after Fontan palliation
Authors: Wilson Lucas H. , Chowdhury Shahryar M, , Jackson Lanier B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Fontan anatomy are at increased risk for exercise intolerance and early morbidity and mortality. QRS complex fragmentation (fQRS) and prolongation have been studied in multiple heart diseases, but their clinical importance is unknown in the Fontan population.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed. ECGs were evaluated for QRS prolongation (>98 percentile for age) and fQRS (≥3 R‐waves/notches in the R/S complex [more than two in RBBB] in ≥2 contiguous leads). The primary outcome measures were CPET performance.ResultsTotal 90 patients (median age 18 years, 57% male, 59% RV dominant) were included; 13% had fQRS and 31% had prolonged QRS. Demographically, patients with fQRS or prolonged QRS were like those without. Peak VO2 (64% vs. 63%, p .45), VE/VCO2 slope (85% vs. 88%, p = .74), and O2 pulse (149% vs. 129%, p = .83) were similar in the fQRS group versus those without. Upon multi‐variable regression, body mass index (β = ‐0.38, p < .01) and QRS duration (β = ‐0.29, p < .01) were independently associated with % predicted VO2; fQRS was not. Lower cardiac index (2.2 vs. 2.8 L/min/m2, p = .03) and higher ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (13 vs. 10 mmHg, p = .02) was seen with fQRS.ConclusionsQRS fragmentation is present in patients with Fontan physiology. fQRS showed no association with CPET performance but was related to invasive hemodynamic markers of ventricular performance. QRS duration may be a better predictor of exercise function following Fontan.
On‐line hemodiafiltration therapy for end‐stage kidney disease patients: Promises for the future? What's next?
Authors: Canaud Bernard , Davenport Andrew , Golper Thomas A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn‐line hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF) is currently the most advanced form of blood purification modality leading convective‐based therapies in end‐stage kidney disease patients. By adding a high convective component to the diffusive clearance achieved with highly permeable dialyzers, OL‐HDF reinforces removal of small MWt compounds and enlarges the spectrum of uremic compounds cleared up to middle and large MWt compounds. The biological and clinical benefits of convective‐based therapy are currently also being explored in a revisited hybrid modality, combining an increased internal filtration process with a more open membrane. Regular use of ultrapure dialysis fluid required by convective‐based therapies improves the bio‐incompatibility of the extracorporeal circuit so reducing inflammatory responses. On‐line production of substitution fluid, relying on a cold sterilization by ultrafiltration, has several advantages: First, it is a safe and established process; and second, it provides an unlimited amount of substitution fluid at the same cost as regular ultrapure dialysis fluid. As such, OL‐HDF is adaptable to all substitution modalities (post, pre, or mixed‐HDF), thus allowing the dialytic convective dose to be adjusted to the individual patient needs. The development of OL‐HDF opens new pathways such as task automation simplifying care workflow. All these features make OL‐HDF the most versatile dialysis modality that can be now integrated in various treatment schedules according to session time and frequency (daily, nocturnal, or alternate day) or location (incenter, satellite, or potentially home‐based therapy).
A collection of inducible transcription factor‐glucocorticoid receptor fusion lines for functional analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shimada Setsuko , Yanagawa Yuki , Munesada Takachika , Horii Yoko , Kuriyama Tomoko , Kawashima Mika , Kondou Youichi , Yoshizumi Takeshi , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Ohme‐Takagi Masaru , Makita Yuko , Matsui Minami 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYArabidopsis possesses approximately 2000 transcription factors (TFs) in its genome. They play pivotal roles in various biological processes but analysis of their function has been hampered by the overlapping nature of their activities. To uncover clues to their function, we generated inducible TF lines using glucocorticoid receptor (GR) fusion techniques in Arabidopsis. These TF‐GR lines each express one of 1255 TFs as a fusion with the GR gene. An average 14 lines of T2 transgenic TF‐GR lines were generated for each TF to monitor their function. To evaluate these transcription lines, we induced the TF‐GR lines of phytochrome‐interacting factor 4, which controls photomorphogenesis, with synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. These phytochrome‐interacting factor 4‐GR lines showed the phenotype described in a previous report. We performed screening of the other TF‐GR lines for TFs involved in light signaling under blue and far‐red light conditions and identified 13 novel TF candidates. Among these, we found two lines showing higher anthocyanin accumulation under light conditions and we examined the regulating genes. These results indicate that the TF‐GR lines can be used to dissect functionally redundant genes in plants and demonstrate that the TF‐GR line collection can be used as an effective tool for functional analysis of TFs.
Differential requirements for the Eps15 homology domain proteins EHD4 and EHD2 in the regulation of mammalian ciliogenesis
Authors: Jones Tyler , Naslavsky Naava , Caplan Steve 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe endocytic protein EHD1 controls primary ciliogenesis by facilitating fusion of the ciliary vesicle and by removal of CP110 from the mother centriole. EHD3, the closest EHD1 paralog, has a similar regulatory role, but initial evidence suggested that the other two more distal paralogs, EHD2 and EHD4 may be dispensable for ciliogenesis. Herein, we define a novel role for EHD4, but not EHD2, in regulating primary ciliogenesis. To better understand the mechanisms and differential functions of the EHD proteins in ciliogenesis, we first demonstrated a requirement for EHD1 ATP‐binding to promote ciliogenesis. We then identified two sequence motifs that are entirely conserved between EH domains of EHD1, EHD3 and EHD4, but display key amino acid differences within the EHD2 EH domain. Substitution of either P446 or E470 in EHD1 with the aligning S451 or W475 residues from EHD2 was sufficient to prevent rescue of ciliogenesis in EHD1‐depleted cells upon reintroduction of EHD1. Overall, our data enhance the current understanding of the EHD paralogs in ciliogenesis, demonstrate a need for ATP‐binding and identify conserved sequences in the EH domains of EHD1, EHD3 and EHD4 that regulate EHD1 binding to proteins and its ability to rescue ciliogenesis in EHD1‐depleted cells.
A Computational Framework for Atrioventricular Valve Modeling Using Open-Source Software
Authors: Wu Wensi , Ching Stephen , Maas Steve A. , Lasso Andras , Sabin Patricia , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Jolley Matthew A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtrioventricular valve regurgitation is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired and congenital cardiac valve disease. Image-derived computational modeling of atrioventricular valves has advanced substantially over the last decade and holds particular promise to inform valve repair in small and heterogeneous populations, which are less likely to be optimized through empiric clinical application. While an abundance of computational biomechanics studies has investigated mitral and tricuspid valve disease in adults, few studies have investigated its application to vulnerable pediatric and congenital heart populations. Further, to date, investigators have primarily relied upon a series of commercial applications that are neither designed for image-derived modeling of cardiac valves nor freely available to facilitate transparent and reproducible valve science. To address this deficiency, we aimed to build an open-source computational framework for the image-derived biomechanical analysis of atrioventricular valves. In the present work, we integrated an open-source valve modeling platform, SlicerHeart, and an open-source biomechanics finite element modeling software, FEBio, to facilitate image-derived atrioventricular valve model creation and finite element analysis. We present a detailed verification and sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the fidelity of this modeling in application to three-dimensional echocardiography-derived pediatric mitral and tricuspid valve models. Our analyses achieved an excellent agreement with those reported in the literature. As such, this evolving computational framework offers a promising initial foundation for future development and investigation of valve mechanics, in particular collaborative efforts targeting the development of improved repairs for children with congenital heart disease.
Capturing the Temperature Dependence of Cleavage Fracture Toughness in the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Regime in Ferritic Steels Using an Improved Engineering Local Approach
Authors: Yankova Maria S. , Jivkov Andrey P. , Patel Rajesh , Sherry Andrew H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ferritic steels, which are typically used for critical reactor components, including reactor pressure vessels (RPV), exhibit a temperature-dependent probability of cleavage fracture, termed ductile-to-brittle transition. The fracture process has been linked to the interaction between matrix plasticity and second-phase particles. Under high-enough loads, a competition exists between cleavage and ductile fracture, which results from particles rupturing to form microcracks or particles decohering to form microvoids, respectively. Currently, there is no sufficiently adequate model that can predict accurately the reduced probability of cleavage with increasing temperature and the associated increase of plastic deformation. In this work, failure probability has been estimated using a local approach to cleavage fracture incorporating the statistics of microcracks. It is shown that changes in the deformation material properties are not enough to capture the significant changes in fracture toughness. Instead, a correction to the fraction of particles converted to eligible for cleavage microcracks, with an exponential dependence on the plastic strains, is proposed. The proposed method is compared with previous corrections that incorporate the plastic strains, and its advantages are demonstrated. The method is developed for the RPV steel 22NiMoCr37 and using experimental data for a standard compact tension C(T) specimen. The proposed approach offers more accurate calculations of cleavage fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime using only a decoupled model, which is attractive for engineering practice.
Longitudinal Associations Between Athletes’ Psychological Needs and Burnout Across a Competitive Season: A Latent Difference Score Analysis
Authors: Shannon Stephen , Prentice Garry , Brick Noel , Leavey Gerard , Breslin Gavin 
Published: May 2022

Participation in sport can paradoxically be a source of psychological needs satisfaction and psychological needs frustration. Self-determination theory was applied to explain temporal relationships of athletes’ psychological needs satisfactions and psychological needs frustrations with burnout through a two-wave longitudinal study. Participants included 184 athletes (Mage = 24.04 years, SD = 5.56, 67.9% male) representing a range of competitive levels. A latent difference score model specifying longitudinal relationships between burnout and needs satisfactions and needs frustrations was tested. Significant within-variable changes were observed for all needs-satisfaction and needs-frustration variables. Longitudinal associations were found in Models 3 (autonomy frustration) and 6 (relatedness satisfaction). Higher burnout at baseline predicted an increase in autonomy frustration (β = 0.13, p < .05), whereas higher relatedness satisfaction at baseline reduced burnout levels later in the season (β = −0.22, p < .001). To conclude, continuous tracking of athlete burnout levels and fostering of needs-supportive climates that minimize autonomy-controlling behaviors are recommended for the burnout prevention in athletes.
Compositional and metamorphic controls on tectonic erosion along a continental subduction-collision zone: Implications from mafic granulites in the northern Sulu orogen
Authors: Liu Lishuang , Liu Fulai , Kohn Matthew J. , Guo Jinghui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Subduction erosion has been reported recently in continental subduction-collision zones, and the response of the upper plate remains enigmatic. The Dabie-Sulu orogen is considered to have formed by deep northward subduction of the Yangtze block (lower plate) beneath the North China block (upper plate). However, within the northern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) belt, the Haiyangsuo complex has intriguingly been accepted as Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement from the North China block, implying subduction-erosion could have occurred. Here, we examined new petrographic, mineral chemical, and published geochronological data from the Haiyangsuo mafic granulites to decipher their multiphase metamorphic evolution. Pressure-temperature (P-T) estimates from pseudosection modeling and geothermobarometry show two major metamorphic events: a medium-pressure granulite-facies event (7.3–8.3 kbar and 830–895 °C) and a later high-pressure granulite-facies event (12.2–16.6 kbar and 800–875 °C). Geochronology and mineral geochemistry link these events to Paleoproterozoic and Triassic metamorphism, respectively. Peak Triassic high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism was followed by near-isothermal decompression and then near-isobaric cooling. These rocks derive from the upper plate and were metamorphosed at the same time as UHP eclogites, but maximum pressures were substantially lower, and P-T paths did not converge until late-stage exhumation. Evidently, metamorphic basement from the North China block was dragged to lowercrustal to upper-mantle depths (50–60 km) while that from the Yangtze block was subducted deeply, and then they were tectonically juxtaposed during exhumation. These data corroborate thermal-mechanical models that predict tectonic erosion as a major process during continental subduction and collision.
Energy Density of Adamantane-Containing Hydrocarbons in Condensed Phases
Authors: Kabo G. Ya. , Kazarina Zh. A. , Stepurko E. N. , Blokhin A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper provides an evaluation of the energy densities of adamantane-containing liquid hydrocarbons using an additive procedure we developed previously. Structural effects on the energy densities in these hydrocarbons are also discussed. The evaluated energy densities are compared to those for high-performance hydrocarbon jet fuels.
CXCR2 inhibition enables NASH-HCC immunotherapy
Authors: Leslie Jack , Mackey John B G , Jamieson Thomas , Ramon-Gil Erik , Drake Thomas M , Fercoq Frédéric , Clark William , Gilroy Kathryn , Hedley Ann , Nixon Colin , Luli Saimir , Laszczewska Maja , Pinyol Roser , Esteban-Fabró Roger , Willoughby Catherine E , Haber Philipp K , Andreu-Oller Carmen , Rahbari Mohammad , Fan Chaofan , Pfister Dominik , Raman Shreya , Wilson Niall , Müller Miryam , Collins Amy , Geh Daniel , Fuller Andrew , McDonald David , Hulme Gillian , Filby Andrew , Cortes-Lavaud Xabier , Mohamed Noha-Ehssan , Ford Catriona A , Raffo Iraolagoitia Ximena L , McFarlane Amanda J , McCain Misti V , Ridgway Rachel A , Roberts Edward W , Barry Simon T , Graham Gerard J , Heikenwälder Mathias , Reeves Helen L , Llovet Josep M , Carlin Leo M , Bird Thomas G , Sansom Owen J , Mann Derek A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasingly associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). HCC immunotherapy offers great promise; however, recent data suggests NASH-HCC may be less sensitive to conventional immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). We hypothesised that targeting neutrophils using a CXCR2 small molecule inhibitor may sensitise NASH-HCC to ICI therapy.DesignNeutrophil infiltration was characterised in human HCC and mouse models of HCC. Late-stage intervention with anti-PD1 and/or a CXCR2 inhibitor was performed in murine models of NASH-HCC. The tumour immune microenvironment was characterised by imaging mass cytometry, RNA-seq and flow cytometry.ResultsNeutrophils expressing CXCR2, a receptor crucial to neutrophil recruitment in acute-injury, are highly represented in human NASH-HCC. In models of NASH-HCC lacking response to ICI, the combination of a CXCR2 antagonist with anti-PD1 suppressed tumour burden and extended survival. Combination therapy increased intratumoural XCR1+dendritic cell activation and CD8+T cell numbers which are associated with anti-tumoural immunity, this was confirmed by loss of therapeutic effect on genetic impairment of myeloid cell recruitment, neutralisation of the XCR1-ligand XCL1 or depletion of CD8+T cells. Therapeutic benefit was accompanied by an unexpected increase in tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) which switched from a protumour to anti-tumour progenitor-like neutrophil phenotype. Reprogrammed TANs were found in direct contact with CD8+T cells in clusters that were enriched for the cytotoxic anti-tumoural protease granzyme B. Neutrophil reprogramming was not observed in the circulation indicative of the combination therapy selectively influencing TANs.ConclusionCXCR2-inhibition induces reprogramming of the tumour immune microenvironment that promotes ICI in NASH-HCC.
The impact of a plant-based diet on indices of cardiovascular health in African Americans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Martin Zachary T. , Olvera Guillermo , Villegas Christian A. , Campbell Jeremiah C. , Akins John D. , Brown Kyrah K. , Brothers R. Matthew 
Published: May 2022

African-American (AA) individuals are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases. Plant-based diets (PBD) may be cardioprotective in part through their high antioxidant capacity and low inflammatory load. We tested the hypothesis that AA individuals adhering to a 100% PBD would have better vascular health than AA individuals following a typical American diet (TAD). Eighteen AA individuals participated; 9 (24 ± 4 years; 6 females) were following a PBD for 2.4 ± 0.8 years and 9 (21 ± 2 years; 5 females) were following a TAD. Blood lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. Peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) were measured, and vascular function tests included cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia, and local heating-induced cutaneous hyperemia. Total (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) serum cholesterol was lower (TC: 142 ± 30 vs. 174 ± 36 mg/dL; LDL‐C: 76 ± 17 vs. 106 ± 33 mg/dL; p < 0.05 and d > 0.80 for both) and serum CRP tended to be lower (0.38 ± 0.18 mg/L vs. 0.96 ± 0.89 mg/L; p = 0.05, d = 0.91) in the PBD cohort. Brachial (b) and central (c) mean arterial BP (MAP) were lower in the PBD cohort (bMAP: 86 ± 5 vs. 91 ± 7 mm Hg; cMAP: 81 ± 5 vs. 87 ± 7 mm Hg; p < 0.05 and d > 0.80 for both). All indices of vascular function were similar between groups ( p > 0.05 for all). A PBD was associated with more optimal blood lipid concentrations and decreased peripheral and central BP in AA individuals, but this association was not present in the various indices of vascular function. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05344287.