bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Cryotherapy for Residual Tarsus and Free Tarsal Graft Implantation After Excision of Malignant Eyelid Tumor
Authors: Yunoki Tatsuya , Hayashi Atsushi , Oiwake Toshihiko , Yamazaki Hitoshi 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To examine the usefulness and safety of cryotherapy for residual tarsus and free tarsal graft implantation for eyelid reconstruction after excision of malignant eyelid tumor.

Methods:
Fifteen patients with 17 eyelid malignancies (10 sebaceous gland carcinomas and 7 basal cell carcinomas) who underwent eyelid reconstruction between June 2017 and February 2021 were included in the study. In these patients, the tumors were resected in the entire eyelid layer including the safety margin. Only sebaceous gland carcinomas patients underwent cryotherapy at the residual tarsus margin. Then, a free tarsal graft taken from the ipsilateral or contralateral upper eyelid was transplanted into the eyelid plate defect, and anterior lamella reconstruction was performed with an orbicularis oculi myocutaneous advance flap.

Results:
In both the non-cryotherapy and cryotherapy groups, there were no serious complications such as dropout or necrosis of the free tarsal graft. There were no differences in the occurrence of complications such as eyelid retraction or trichiasis between the 2 groups, but 1 patient who underwent cryotherapy required revision surgery to correct eyelid retraction. In addition, there were no complications on the donor side associated with free tarsal graft collection.

Conclusions:
The use of a free tarsal graft in the reconstruction of eyelid malignancies is relatively effective and safe, and if vascular support of the anterior lamella is obtained, cryotherapy is less likely to affect the viability of the free tarsal graft and may contribute to a decrease in local recurrence.
Analysis of Pediatric Facial Fracture Repair Rates and Complications Using California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Database
Authors: Chopra Christina Shree , Neubauer Daniel C. , Hornacek Michael , Calvo Richard , Segal Rachel , Martin Matthew , Reid Christopher M. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
There exists a paucity of data on which pediatric facial fractures should be surgically repaired and when. In this study, the authors used a California state-wide database to determine the prevalence of facial fractures in the pediatric population and examine, which fractures are repaired. in addition to the timing of the repair, complications and resource utilization of the healthcare system were analyzed.

Methods:
Pediatric patients under the age of 18 were identified using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development patient discharge database for admissions occurring between January 2015 and December 2018. International Classification of Diseases, Version 10 diagnosis codes were used to classify facial fractures. The associated diagnoses, complications, and number of subsequent repairs patients underwent were analyzed to determine the typical course of pediatric facial fractures.

Results:
Of the 3058 patients diagnosed with facial fracture, 32% underwent surgical repair (N = 982). The 4 most repaired fractures were mandible (40%), nasal (16.2%), and orbital (15.1%). Surgical intervention steadily increased with age, with a peak in the 12 to 15-year-old cohort.

Conclusions:
Our analysis found that most fractures were managed nonoperatively, but those that did receive an operation did so during their index admission. In addition, the most repaired fractures were mandibular, nasal, and orbital fractures. The present study represents 1 of the largest pediatric samples to have assessed facial fractures, repair rates, and their sequelae.
Clinico-Pathological Characteristics, Management, and Outcome of Benign Intraosseous Maxillary Tumors in Adolescents: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hassanein Ahmed Gaber , Kukreja Pankaj , Hassanein Kamal A.M. , Mansour Omar Mohammed , Amer Islam A. , Ftohy Tarek Elsayed 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Benign intraosseous maxillary tumors, although uncommon among the adolescents, represent a major challenge to the maxillofacial surgeons. Treatment ranges from conservative surgery to radical resection and reconstruction. Maxillary defect reconstruction in adolescents is uncommon. it can be achieved by prosthetic obturators, local and regional flaps, and free-tissue transfer.

Aim of the work:
To investigate the clinical and pathological patterns, treatment, and outcome of benign intraosseous maxillary tumors in adolescents.

Patients and methods:
A 10-years prospective study included patients between 12–18 years who presented with benign intraosseous maxillary tumors and surgically treated (conservative surgery or radical resection) with immediate reconstruction. Cases were followed up to assess functional and aesthetic outcomes and detect complications.

Results:
Study included 38 patients; 63.2% had non-odontogenic tumors and 36.8% had odontogenic tumors. The most common non-odontogenic tumor was central giant cell granuloma (31.6%). The most common odontogenic tumors were adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma (10.5% each). Treatment included Conservative surgery (55.3%) and radical resection (44.7%). Reconstruction was performed in 17 cases by temporalis muscle flap (9.83%), obturator (2.46%), and free fibula flap (1.64%). All cases gained accepted functional and esthetic results.

Conclusions:
Non-odontogenic tumors were more common than odontogenic tumors. Central giant cell granulomas and ossifying fibromas were the most common non-odontogenic tumors. Ade-nomatoid odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma were the most common odontogenic tumors. Maxillary reconstructions with tem-poralis muscle flap and obturator were simple and satisfactory. Microsurgical reconstruction had high success rates. Aesthetic, and functional results were satisfactory when appropriate reconstruction was performed.
Single-cell Transcriptomics Reveals Dynamic Role of Smooth Muscle Cells and Enrichment of Immune Cell Subsets in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Davis Frank M. , Tsoi Lam C. , Ma Feiyang , Wasikowski Rachael , Moore Bethany B. , Kunkel Steven L. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Gallagher Katherine A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To determine cell-specific gene expression profiles that contribute to development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).

Background:
AAAs represent the most common pathological aortic dilation leading to the fatal consequence of aortic rupture. Both immune and structural cells contribute to aortic degeneration, however, gene specific alterations in these cellular subsets are poorly understood.

Methods:
We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of AAAs and control tissues. AAA-related changes were examined by comparing gene expression profiles as well as detailed receptor-ligand interactions. An integrative analysis of scRNA-seq data with large genome-wide association study data was conducted to identify genes critical for AAA development.

Results:
Using scRNA-seq we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the cellular landscape in human AAA tissues. Unbiased clustering analysis of transcriptional profiles identified seventeen clusters representing 8 cell lineages. For immune cells, clustering analysis identified 4 T-cell and 5 monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, with distinct transcriptional profiles in AAAs compared to controls. Gene enrichment analysis on immune subsets identified multiple pathways only expressed in AAA tissue, including those involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, proliferation, and cytokine secretion. Moreover, receptor-ligand analysis defined robust interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and myeloid populations in AAA tissues. Lastly, integrated analysis of scRNA-seq data with genome-wide association study studies determined that vascular smooth muscle cell expression of SORT1 is critical for maintaining normal aortic wall function.

Conclusions:
Here we provide the first comprehensive evaluation of single-cell composition of the abdominal aortic wall and reveal how the gene expression landscape is altered in human AAAs.
Enhanced conformational exploration of protein loops using a global parameterization of the backbone geometry
Authors: O’Donnell Timothée , Cazals Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlexible loops are paramount to protein functions, with action modes ranging from localized dynamics contributing to the free energy of the system, to large amplitude conformational changes accounting for the repositioning whole secondary structure elements or protein domains. However, generating diverse and low energy loops remains a difficult problem.This work introduces a novel paradigm to sample loop conformations, in the spirit of the Hit-and- Run (HAR) Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. The algorithm uses a decomposition of the loop into tripeptides, and a novel characterization of necessary conditions for Tripeptide Loop Closure to admit solutions. Denotingmthe number of tripeptides, the algorithm works in an angular space of dimension 12m. In this space, the hyper-surfaces associated with the aforementioned necessary conditions are used to run a HAR-like sampling technique.On classical loop cases up to 15 amino acids, our parameter free method compares favorably to previous work, generating more diverse conformational ensembles. We also report experiments on a 30 amino acids long loop, a size not processed in any previous work.
Functional regulation of an intrinsically disordered protein via a conformationally excited state
Authors: Madhurima Kulkarni , Nandi Bodhisatwa , Munshi Sneha , Naganathan Athi N. , Sekhar Ashok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA longstanding goal in the field of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) is to characterize their structural heterogeneity and pinpoint the role of this heterogeneity in IDP function. Here, we use multinuclear chemical exchange saturation (CEST) NMR to determine the structure of a thermally accessible globally folded excited state in equilibrium with the intrinsically disordered native ensemble of a bacterial transcriptional regulator CytR. We further provide evidence from double resonance CEST experiments that the excited state, which structurally resembles the DNA-bound form of CytR, recognizes DNA by means of a ‘folding-before-binding’ conformational selection pathway. The disorder-to-order regulatory switch in DNA recognition by natively disordered CytR therefore operates through a dynamical variant of the lock-and-key mechanism where the structurally complementary conformation is transiently accessed via thermal fluctuations.One-Sentence SummaryThe intrinsically disordered cytidine repressor binds DNA via a folding-before-binding conformational selection mechanism
Penetratin inhibits α-synuclein fibrillation and improves locomotor functions in mice model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gupta Arpit , Singh Priyanka , Mehrotra Arpit , Gautam Ankur , Srividya K. , Panigrahi Rajlaxmi , Vashishtha Shubham , Singh Jasdeep , Jaiswal Gagandeep , Upadhayay Krishna , Frank Signe Andrea , Nielsen Janni , Nath Samir Kumar , Khatri Neeraj , Otzen Daniel E. , Raghava G.P.S. , Koul Anil , Kundu Bishwajit , Kumar Ashutosh , Nazir Aamir , Sharma Deepak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The presence of lewy bodies, primarily consisting of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates is one of the common features seen in the substantia nigra region of the brain in PD patients. The disease remains incurable and only symptomatic relief is available. We screened various cell-penetrating peptides and reveal that penetratin is a potent inhibitor of α-syn aggregationin-vitro, and significantly improved locomotor coordination in mice models of PDin-vivo. The peptide inhibits α-syn aggregation in vitro as well as in yeast, andC.elegansmodels. We further made a cyclic derivative of penetratin by disulfide coupling of N- and C-terminal cysteine residues. Both penetratin and its cyclized derivative interact with α-syn. NMR studies show that both linear as well as cyclic derivative interact at the acidic C-terminal tail of the protein. Similar to penetratin, its cyclic derivative inhibited α-syn aggregation in theC.elegansmodel of Parkinson’s disease, and also improved worm motility. Molecular Dynamics studies show that penetratin interacts with α-synuclein and prevents its conformational transition from disordered into β-sheet rich structure. The therapeutic efficacy of penetratin was further confirmed in a transgenic mice model of the disease, wherein penetratin treatment over a period of 90 days improved locomotor coordination, and halted disease progression. Overall, the present work provides a potent therapeutic agent that could be further explored in the management of PD.
Using a substitute species to inform translocation of an endangered territorial mammal
Authors: Morandini Marina , Koprowski John L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubstitute species can inform management strategies without exposing endangered species unnecessarily. Further, experimental approaches may help to identify the causes of translocation failures, leading to improve the chances of success. We used a surrogate subspecies,Tamiasciurus fremonti fremontito test different translocation techniques to inform potential management actions on the endangered Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti grahamensis). We fitted VHF radio collars to 54 animals, and we monitored their survival and movements until individuals settled on a new territory. We considered the effect of season, translocation technique (soft or hard release), and body mass on survival, distance moved after release, and time to settlement of translocated animals. Survival probability averaged 0.48 after 60 days from the translocation event and was not affected by season or translocation technique. 54% of the mortality was caused by predation. Distance moved and number of days to settlement varied with season, where winter was characterized by shorter distances (average of 364 m in winter versus 1752 m in fall) and a smaller number of days (6 in winter versus 23 in fall). These data emphasize the potential of substitute species to provide valuable information on possible outcomes of management strategies for closely related endangered species.
Proteome-wide antigenic profiling in Ugandan cohorts identifies associations between age, exposure intensity, and responses to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Raghavan Madhura , Kalantar Katrina L. , Duarte Elias , Teyssier Noam , Takahashi Saki , Kung Andrew F. , Rajan Jayant V , Rek John , Tetteh Kevin K.A. , Drakeley Chris , Ssewanyana Isaac , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTProtection against Plasmodium falciparum, which is primarily antibody-mediated, requires recurrent exposure to develop. The study of both naturally acquired limited immunity and vaccine induced protection against malaria remains critical for ongoing eradication efforts. Towards this goal, we deployed a customized P. falciparum PhIP-seq T7 phage display library containing 238,068 tiled 62-amino acid peptides, covering all known coding regions, including antigenic variants, to systematically profile antibody targets in 198 Ugandan children and adults from high and moderate transmission settings. Repeat elements – short amino acid sequences repeated within a protein – were significantly enriched in antibody targets. While breadth of responses to repeat-containing peptides was twofold higher in children living in the high versus moderate exposure setting, no such differences were observed for peptides without repeats, suggesting that antibody responses to repeat-containing regions may be more exposure dependent and/or less durable in children than responses to regions without repeats. Additionally, short motifs associated with seroreactivity were extensively shared among hundreds of antigens, potentially representing cross- reactive epitopes. PfEMP1 shared motifs with the greatest number of other antigens, partly driven by the diversity of PfEMP1 sequences. These data suggest that the large number of repeat elements and potential cross-reactive epitopes found within antigenic regions of P. falciparum could contribute to the inefficient nature of malaria immunity.
ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE2confers fungal resistance in sorghum
Authors: Mewa Demeke B. , Lee Sanghun , Liao Chao-Jan , Souza Augusto M. , Adeyanju Adedayo , Helm Matthew , Lisch Damon , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSorghum is an important food and feed crop globally; its production is hampered by anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogenColletotrichum sublineola(Cs). Here, we report identification and characterization ofANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE 2(ARG2) encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein that confers race-specific resistance toCsstrains.ARG2is one of a cluster of severalNLRgenes in the sorghum differential line SC328C that is resistant to someCsstrains. This cluster shows structural and copy number variations in different sorghum genotypes. Different sorghum variants carrying independentARG2alleles provided the genetic validation for the identity of theARG2gene.ARG2expression is induced byCs, and chitin induceARG2expression in resistant but not in susceptible lines. ARG2-mediated resistance is accompanied by higher expression of defense and secondary metabolite genes at early stages of infection, and anthocyanin and zeatin metabolisms are upregulated in resistant plants. Interestingly, ARG2 localizes to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed inNicotiana benthamiana. Importantly,ARG2plants produced higher shoot dry matter than near-isogenic lines carrying the susceptible allele suggesting absence of anARG2associated growth trade-off. Further, ARG2-mediated resistance is stable at a wide range of temperatures. Our observations open avenues for resistance breeding and for dissecting mechanisms of resistance.
Coupling cell communication and optogenetics: Implementation of a light-inducible intercellular system in yeast
Authors: Rojas Vicente , Larrondo Luis F. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTCell communication is a widespread mechanism in biology, allowing the transmission of information about environmental conditions. In order to understand how cell communication modulates relevant biological processes such as survival, division, differentiation or apoptosis, different synthetic systems based on chemical induction have been successfully developed. In this work, we coupled cell communication and optogenetics in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our approach is based on two strains connected by the light-dependent production of α-factor pheromone in one cell type, which induces gene expression in the other type. After the individual characterization of the different variants of both strains, the optogenetic intercellular system was evaluated by combining the cells under contrasting illumination conditions. Using luciferase as a reporter gene, specific co-cultures at 1:1 ratio displayed activation of the response upon constant blue-light, which was not observed for the same cell mixtures grown in darkness. Then, the system was assessed at several dark/blue-light transitions, where the response level varies depending on the moment in which illumination was delivered. Furthermore, we observed that the amplitude of response can be tuned by modifying the initial ratio between both strains. Finally, the two-population system showed higher fold-inductions in comparison with autonomous strains. Altogether, these results demonstrated that external light information is propagated through a diffusible signaling molecule to modulate gene expression in a synthetic system, which will pave the road for studies allowing optogenetic control of population-level dynamics.Graphical Abstract
Hearing Loss and Tinnitus: Uncover the Mechanism of Tinnitus using Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) Technologies
Authors: Du Haoliang , Feng Xu , Qian Xiaoyun , Zhang Jian , Liu Bing , Huang Zhichun , Gao Xia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThis project aimed to investigate the differences in the intra-regional brain activity and inter-regional functional connectivity in subjects with tinnitus only and subjects with hearing loss and tinnitus, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technologies, including the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and Voxel-Wise Functional Connectivity (FC).MethodWe acquired rs-fMRI scans from 82 subjects (21 tinnitus subjects without hearing loss, 32 subjects with tinnitus and hearing loss, and 29 subjects as healthy control). Age, gender, and year of education were matched across all three groups. We consecutively performed ALFF, ReHo, and Voxel-Wise Functional Connectivity (FC) for all subjects.ResultCompared with the control group (CN), subjects with tinnitus only (T group) and with tinnitus and hearing loss (T+H group) manifested significantly reduced ALFF and ReHo activity within the left and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Additional Voxel-Wise Functional Connectivity (FC) revealed decreased connectivity between the dorsolateral SFG (left and right) and right Superior Parietal Gyrus (SPG), right Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG), and left medial Superior Frontal Gyrus (mSFG) within these two groups. No significant differences were observed between the T and T+H groups.ConclusionUpon analyzing our data, we suggested disruptions in brain regions responsible for attention and stimuli monitoring and orientations contribute to tinnitus generation. Thus, hearing loss might not be the primary cause of tinnitus.
Machine learning-based noise reduction for craniofacial bone segmentation in CT images
Authors: Nishimoto Soh , Saito Takuya , Ishise Hisako , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Kawai Kenichiro , Kakibuchi Maso 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWhen high X-ray absorption rate materials such as metal prosthetics are in the field of CT scan, noise called metal artifacts might appear. In reconstructing a three-dimensional bone model from X-ray CT images, the metal artifacts remain. Often, the image of the scanning bed also remains. A machine learning-based system to reduce noises in the craniofacial CT images was constructed.MethodsDICOM images of CT archives of patients with head and neck tumors were used. The metal artifacts and beds were removed from the threshold segmented images to obtain the target bony images. U-nets, respectively with the function loss of mean squared error, Dice and Jaccard, were trained by the datasets consisting of 5671 DICOM images and corresponding target images. DICOM images of 2000 validation datasets were given to the trained models and predicted images were obtained.ResultsThe use of mean squared errors presented superiority to Dice or Jaccard loss. The mean prediction error pixels were 14.43, 778.57, and 757.60 respectively per 512 × 512 pixeled image.DiscussionDedicated to the delineation of craniofacial bones, the presented study showed high prediction accuracy. The simplification of the target images may have contributed. The “correctness” of the predictions made by this system may not be guaranteed, but the predictions made in this system were generally satisfactory.