bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on blue and green light emitted from europium doped bismuth germanium oxide glass.
Authors: Ratep A. , Kashif Ismail 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Glass samples with the composition 40 Bi2O3-60 GeO2-x Er2O3 are prepared using the melt quenching procedure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near-infrared (UV/Vis-NIR) absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) used to characterize the glass and glass-ceramic materials. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures are determined. Crystallization kinetics was studied in non-isothermal conditions. Theoretical oscillator strengths and Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) for reported Er3+ absorption transitions are estimated using traditional Judd–Ofelt theory, and they follow the trend Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 for observed Er3+ absorption transitions. The iconicity of glass samples was unaffected by an increase in Er3+ ions. XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the Bi4Ge3O12 phase after heat treatment of glass samples at the crystallization temperature. The CIE chromaticity diagram computes the CIE chromatic coordinates. The values for all glass and crystal samples are close to bright blue and green.
Prediction of 30-day risk of acute exacerbation of readmission in elderly patients with COPD based on support vector machine model
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lu HongYan , Chang Yan , Zhang XiaoNa , Zhao Jie , Li XinDan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important event in the process of disease management. Early identification of high-risk groups for readmission and appropriate measures can avoid readmission in some groups, but there is still a lack of specific prediction tools.The predictive performance of the model built by support vector Machine（SVM） has been gradually recognized by the medical field. This study intends to predict the risk of acute exacerbation of readmission in elderly COPD patients within 30 days by SVM, in order to provide scientific basis for screening and prevention of high-risk patients with readmission.Methods: A total of 1058 elderly COPD patients from the respiratory department of 13 general hospitals in Ningxia region of China from April 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method, and were followed up to 30 days after discharge. Discusse the influencing factors of patient readmission , and built four kernel function models of Linear-SVM, Polynomial-SVM, Sigmoid-SVM and RBF-SVM based on the influencing factors.According to the ratio of training set and test set 7:3, they are divided into training set samples and test set samples, Analyze and Compare the prediction efficiency of the four kernel functions by the precision, recall, accuracy, F1 index and Area under curve(AUC).Results: Education level, smoking status, coronary heart disease, hospitalization times of acute exacerbation of COPD in the past 1 year, whether Long-term home oxygen therapy, whether regular medication, nutritional status and seasonal factors were the influencing factors for readmission. The training set shows that Linear-SVM、Polynomial-SVM、Sigmoid-SVM and RBF-SVM precision respectively were 69.89, 78.07, 79.37 and 84.21; Recall respectively were 50.78、69.53、78.74 and 88.19; Accuracy respectively were 83.92、88.69、90.81 and 93.82; F1 index respectively were 0.59、0.74、0.79 and 0.86; AUC were 0.722、0.819、0.866 and 0.918。Test set precision respectively were86.36、87.50、80.77 and 88.24; Recall respectively were51.35、75.68、56.76 and 81.08; Accuracy respectively were 85.11、90.78、85.11 and 92.20; F1 index respectively were 0.64、0.81、0.67 and 0.85; AUC respectively were 0.742、0.858、0.759 and 0.885.Conclusions: The overall prediction performance of SVM model is good, and the Prediction performance of RBF-SVM model is the best.
Quantifying the Cooling Effect of Tropical Cyclones
on the Climate System
Authors: Hu Liang , Ritchie Elizabeth , Tyo J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The net radiation due to 20 years of global tropical cyclones is calculated and the corresponding contribution to the earth energy balance is analyzed. Through their clouds, tropical cyclones are shown to increase the upwelling radiation at the top of the atmosphere compared with the clear sky condition. This provides an overall cooling effect on the climate system by increasing reflected shortwave (cooling) and decreasing emitted longwave (warming) radiation. The amount of cooling represents a considerable fraction of the excess warming energy in the climate system, but it is opposite in sign. While there are some tropical cyclones with net-warming effect, the majority are net cooling and these tend to represent both more intense and earlier-season systems. Current understanding predicts an increase in the proportion of intense tropical cyclones due to a warming climate, so this cooling effect serves as potential negative feedback on the warming climate system.
Attending pediatric acutely ill patients at home: families’ socioeconomic characterization, expectations, and experience
Authors: Batlle Astrid , Thió-Henestrosa Santiago , López Sandra , Moya Isabel , Fernández José Carlos , Fernandez-Sevilla Mariona , García-García Juan José 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To have a thorough understanding of an acute pediatric homecare program, it is essential to analyze all factors related to the matter: medical, social, economic, and families’ experience. No studies have been found describing profusely this topic in such a complex program like ours (considering diseases and treatments offered). With this study, we will obtain a fine population characterization and families’ needs understanding. This will contribute to a better knowledge of our program and the detection of its possible deficiencies.Methods: This is a prospective quantitative and qualitative study. 372/532 families are asked to answer two independent questionnaires (preadmission and postadmission), aimed to: understand their socioeconomic characteristics; assess families’ expectations and experience; and identify factors influencing the homecare preference. Results are presented in frequencies and comparisons (Fisher’s exact test). Results: Families have an adequate social network; workload is less than expected and most families would repeat the experience despite it; expectations regarding caregiver’s well-being at home were better than the actual situation, as some experienced anxiety or fear; and rating is better in homecare compared with inpatient care. Conclusions: Despite limitations (participants’ voluntariness to respond the surveys and lack of inpatient hospitalization’s socioeconomic data to compare with homecare), this study offers the possibility of improving our service portfolio, focusing on vulnerable families’ access to the program and caregiver’s risk of burnout.
Low-dose irradiation promotes bone regeneration through osteoblasts proliferation and M2 polarization of macrophages
Authors: Chen Shaoqing , Ni Su , Liu Chun , He Mu , Pan Yiwen , Cui Pengfei , Wang Cheng , Ni Xinye 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Current studies still have a controversy on the effect and doses of irradiation (IR) on bone regeneration. Moreover, the mechanisms of IR to bone regeneration mainly focus on the direct effects on osteoblasts, with neglect to the role of the surrounding immune environment. Our purpose was to explore the effect of IR on osteoblasts proliferation and macrophages polarity.Results: Here in this study, we firstly established the rat cranial defects model and revealed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy gradually promoted bone regeneration, while high-dose IR>2Gy inhibited bone regeneration. The change of macrophage polarity in peripheral blood samples showed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy triggered M2 polarization of macrophages, high-dose IR>2 Gy led to M1 polarization. The cellular level also showed the similar results, mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophages cells (Raw264.7) exhibited M2 polarization under low-dose IR≤2 Gy, and M1 polarization under high-dose IR>2Gy. Furthermore low-dose IR≤2 Gy promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts, while high-dose IR>2 Gy exhibited the opposite result. The co-culture results showed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy not only promoted bone regeneration through osteoblasts proliferation, but also promoted bone regeneration through M2 polarization of Raw264.7 cells, while high-dose IR>2 Gy had the opposite effect.Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy promotes bone regeneration by indirectly promoting macrophage M2 polarization and direct osteoblast proliferation, while high-dose IR>2 Gy has the opposite effect, which might offer inspirations for the related studies.
Longer Duration of Prenatal Treatment and Intravenous Specific Drug Can Reducing Mortality of Pregnant Patient With Idiopathic Pulmonary Artery Hypertension: An Observational Case Series
Authors: Mingwang Jia , Changhong Shi , Mingmei Xiong , Guangyuan Liao , Dunjin Chen , Yichun Wang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension has a high mortality rate in pregnant women, especially idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension. To better understand this disease, we performed a retrospective chart review of pregnant idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between June 2016 and May 2021.
Methods
The medical records were reviewed to identify all pregnant women with IPAH between 2010 and 2016. Obstetric data include prenatal, sub partum, and postpartum characteristics were collected in the study. We divided patients into survival and non-survival groups and compared the two groups' differences.
Results
Hospital length of predelivery was longer in the survival group (61.00[42.00, 102.00] vs 4.00[2.75, 14.00], P = 0.02), and the falling value of PAP (admission - delivery)was higher in the survival group than non-survival group (4.00[0.00, 16.75] vs 0.00[0.00, 0.00], P = 0.03). There were significant differences in Treprostinil (P = 0.01), ICU stays (P < 0.01), and hospital length of stay (P < 0.01) between the survival and non-survival groups.
Conclusions
Prenatal treatment duration and reduction of PAP are essential in reducing mortality. The application of intravenous specific drugs also plays a vital role in the prognosis of patients.
Prognostic Factors Analysis for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: a Retrospective Study of 116 Cases
Authors: Zeng Qian , Zhang Jianying , Guo Jiang , Liu Shuya , Yang Maobin , Lin Jiacheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
to investigate preoperative factors that may influence the root development of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs).
Patients and Methods
A total of 116 teeth in 110 patients treated with REPs in the Paediatric Dentistry Department and Endodontics Department from 2013 to 2017 were included in this study. Factors including aetiology, age, preoperative diagnosis and initial root morphology were collected retrospectively, and the associations between these factors and root development after REPs were analysed by Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression model.
Results
The overall rate of root development after REPs was 89.7%. The dens evaginatus group showed a higher rate (98.8%) in root development than the trauma group (67.6%) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference among the different age groups (7–13 years old) or among different preoperative diagnoses regarding root development (P > 0.05). And it showed in the trauma group that the teeth with apical foramen sizes larger than 3 mm obviously continued root development than those smaller than 3 mm (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that aetiology was significantly correlated with root development of REPs (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.627, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
In the limitation of the present study, aetiology was correlated with the root development of REPs and the REPs achieved better outcomes in the cases caused by dens evaginatus than the trauma cases.
Clinical Relevance
Aetiology would be considered in the case selection of REPs for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp.
A novel linear uncertainty propagation method for nonlinear dynamics with interval process
Authors: Zhang Licong , Li Chunna , Su Hua , Wang Xiaoding , Gong Chunlin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Interval process is a preferable model for time-varying uncertainty propagation of dynamic systems when only the range of uncertainties can be obtained. However, for nonlinear systems, except Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, there are still few efficient uncertainty propagation methods under the interval process model. This paper develops a non-intrusive and semi-analytical uncertainty propagation method, named ‘Convex Model Linearization Method (CMLM)’, by constructing a linearization formulation of a nonlinear system in a non-probabilistic sense. First, the criterion to evaluate the difference between the original system and the linearization formulation is derived, represented by discrepancy of middle-point, radius, and correlations of response. By minimizing these three parameters, the coefficients of linear equations will be optimized to obtain the linearization formulation of the original system. Then, the analytical equations are built to calculate uncertainty response under the interval process, without time-consuming analysis of the original system. To further improve the efficiency of the linearization process, Chebyshev-polynomial is introduced to approximate the nonlinear dynamic analysis. Two numerical examples that duffing oscillator and vehicle ride are set to tested the proposed CMLM. Compared to MC method, with comparable uncertainty response precision, the CMLM just need 1%-10% times of dynamic analysis of the nonlinear system. Furthermore, a practical launch vehicle ascent trajectory problem with black-box dynamics is solved by, respectively, the CMLM and MC method. The results verify the capacity of the CMLM to deal with black-box problems and show that the CMLM performs better in terms of accuracy, efficiency and robustness.
Catch bond models explain how force amplifies TCR signaling and antigen discrimination
Authors: Choi Hyun-Kyu , Li Kaitao , Rushdi Muaz , Ge Chenghao , Chen Wei , Lou Jizhong , Zhu Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Central to T cell biology, the T cell receptor (TCR) integrates forces in its triggering process upon interaction with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). Phenotypically, forces elicit TCR catch-slip bonds with strong pMHCs but slip-only bonds with weak pMHCs. While such correlation is generally observed, the quantitative bond pattern and degree of “catchiness” vary. We developed two models based on the structure, elastic properties, and force-induced conformational changes of the TCR–pMHC-I/II complexes to derive from their bond characteristics more intrinsic parameters that underlie structural mechanisms, predict T cell signaling, and discriminate antigens. Applying the models to all published 48 datasets of 11 TCRs and their mutants interacting with corresponding pMHCs without coreceptor engagement revealed the ability for structural and physical parameters to quantitatively integrate and classify a broad range of bond behaviors and biological activities. The extensive comparisons between theory and experiment allowed us to validate the models and identify specific conformational changes that control bond profiles, thereby providing structural insights into the inner workings of the TCR mechanosensing machinery and explaining why and how force amplifies TCR signaling and antigen discrimination.
Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant patchy ground-glass opacity by thin-section computed tomography
Authors: Liang Zhangrui , Ye Min , Lv Fa-jin , Fu Bin-jie , Lin Rui-yu , Li Wang-jia , Chu Zhi-gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies confirmed that ground-glass nodules (GGNs) with certain CT manifestations had a higher probability of malignancy. However, differentiating patchy ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and GGNs has not been discussed solely. This study aimed to investigate the differences between the CT features of benign and malignant patchy GGOs to improve the differential diagnosis.Methods: From January 2016 to September 2021, 226 patients with 247 patchy GGOs (103 benign and 144 malignant) confirmed by postoperative pathological examination or follow-up were retrospectively enrolled. Their clinical and CT data were reviewed, and their CT features were compared. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal the predictors of malignancy.Results: Compared to patients with benign patchy GGOs, malignant cases were older (P < 0.001), had a lower incidence of malignant tumor history (P = 0.003), and more commonly occurred in females (P = 0.012). Based on CT images, there were significant differences in the location, distribution, density pattern, internal bronchial changes, and boundary between malignant and benign GGOs (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of malignant GGOs were the following: patient age ≥58 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.175; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.135-6.496; P = 0.025], locating in the upper lobe (OR, 5.481; 95%CI, 2.027-14.818; P = 0.001), distributing along the bronchovascular bundles (OR, 12.770; 95%CI, 4.062-40.145; P < 0.001), centrally distributed solid component (OR, 3.024; 95%CI, 1.124-8.133; P = 0.028), and well-defined boundary (OR, 5.094; 95%CI, 2.079-12.482; P < 0.001).Conclusions: In older patients (≥58 years), well-defined patchy GGOs with centric solid component, locating in the upper lobe, and distributing along the bronchovascular bundles should be highly suspected as malignancy.
Progress of India's Achievement Towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure Availability &amp; Sustainable Management of Water &amp; Sanitation for All) in the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Dandapat Biswajit , Alam Asraful , Satpati Lakshmi Narayan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Clean water and sanitation are global public health issues. Safe drinking water and sanitation are essential, especially for children, to prevent acute and chronic illness death and sustain a healthy life. The UN General Assembly announced the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 goals for the 2030 Agenda on 25 September 2015. SDG 6 is very important because it affects other SDG (1, 2,3,5,11,14 & 15). The present study deals with the national and state-wise analysis of the current status & to access deficiency of India's achievement towards SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation for all) for the 2030 agenda based on targets 6.1, 6.2,6.4,6.6 from 2012 to 2020. Materials & methods: Data of different indicator of SDG 6 are collected from different secondary sources - NSS 69th (2012) & 76th (2018) round; CGWB annual report 2018-2019 & 2016-2017; NARSS (2019-20); SBM-Grameen (2020). To understand overall achievement towards SDG 6 in the 2030 agenda, the goal score (arithmetic mean of normalised value) has been calculated. Major findings: According to NSS data, 88.7% of Indian households had enough drinking water from primary drinking water sources throughout the year, while 79.8% of households had access to toilet facilities in 2018. As per 2019-2021 goal score for state & UTs in rural India based on SDG 6 indicator, SDG 6 achiever state & UTs (100%) are Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh & Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Conclusion: Drinking water and sanitation for all ensure a healthy life. It is a matter of concern for the government, policymakers, and people to improve the condition where the goal score and indicator value of SDG 6 are low.
Kinetic Study of Thermal Decomposition of Sugarcane Bagasse Pseudo-Components at Typical Pretreatment Conditions: Towards the Establishment of a Feasible Primary Biorefining
Authors: Bahú Juliana Otavia , De Souza Leticia Mayuri Aiacyda , Gariboti Julio César de Jesus , Rivera Elmer Ccopa , Felisbino Romilda Fernandez , Filho Rubens Maciel , Tovar Laura Plazas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A deeper understanding of the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) thermal degradation could define appropriate conditions for primary biorefining in the production of renewable fuels. In this work, the kinetics of thermal degradation of SCB’s high polymers are investigated through thermogravimetric data. From this data, model-free and model fitting methods are used to calculate apparent activation energies (Ea) and other related kinetic parameters. DTG curves present three major peaks associated with pseudo-components (PSEs): PSE 1 (hemicelluloses + extractives and lignin), PSE 2 (cellulose + extractives and lignin), and PSE 3 (lignin + extractives and residual holocelluloses). An essential advance is related to the quantitative interpretation of the degradation process by multi-stage modeling governed by diffusion-controlled reactions and order-based models. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method provided Ea ranges of 124–154, 147–153, and 230–530 kJ‧mol-1, while the ranges obtained by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method were 120–152, 144–150, and 232–545 kJ‧mol-1, both for PSE 1, PSE 2, and PSE 3, respectively. Data could support the calculation of many critical operating parameters in biorefinery process, such as the pretreatment minimum temperature. SCB biorefining could lead to a degradation of up to 10, 0.5, and 11% for PSE 1, PSE 2, and PSE 3, respectively, at 473.15 K for 200 min. Thermodynamic parameters (∆H, ∆G, and ∆S) determined SCB endothermic and non-spontaneous thermal degradation.
Intraoperative hepatic subcapsular spider-like telangiectasia sign for the definitive diagnosis of biliary atresia
Authors: Zhang Kaizhi , Jin zhu , Tang Yan , Liu rui , Zheng Zebing , Tang Chengyan , Liu Yuanmei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of intraoperative hepatic subcapsular spider-like telangiectasia (HSST) sign for differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from other causes of hepatic cholestasis.Methods: The data of 69 patients with jaundice treated from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), the patients were divided into two groups: BA group (n = 49) and non-BA group (n = 20). The biochemistry tests, liver ultrasound, liver stiffness and HSST sign of the two groups were compared.Results: The incidence of abnormal gallbladder, elevated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) >182.0U/L and abnormal liver stiffness (>6.4kPa) in BA group were significantly higher than those in non-BA group (P < 0.001). The HSST sign was present in all BA patients and not found in non-BA group. The area under receiver operating curve of direct bilirubin, γ-GGT, abnormal gallbladder, liver stiffness value and HSST sign were 0.53, 0.84, 0.78, 0.96, and 1.00, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of HSST sign in the diagnosis of BA were all 100%.Conclusion: Presence of HSST sign on diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy is highly suggestive of BA. If the HSST sign is present on laparoscopy, then IOC can be avoided.