bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenol in High-mass Star-forming Regions
Authors: Ghosh Rana , Sil Milan , Kumar Mondal Suman , Gorai Prasanta , Sahu Dipen , Kumar Kushwaha Rahul , Sivaraman Bhalamurugan , Das Ankan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Phenol, which belongs to the C6H6O isomeric group, is the simplest molecule in the family of alcohol of the aromatic series. Although phenol has yet to be detected in the interstellar medium, a tentative identification was reported toward the Orion KL hot core using the IRAM-30 m line survey. To explore some more species of this isomeric group, we consider ten species to study the fate of their astronomical detection. It is noticed that phenol is the most energetically favorable isomer of this group. In contrast, propargyl ether is the least favorable (having relative energy ∼103 kcal mol−1 compared to phenol) species of this group. So far, the studies associated with the formation of phenol are heavily concentrated on combustion chemistry. Here, we suggest a few key reactions (C6H6 + OH → C6H5 + H2O, C6H6 + O → C6H5OH, C6H6 + H → C6H5 + H2, and C6H5 + OH → C6H5OH + h
ν) for the formation of phenol. All these pathways are included in a large gas-grain chemical network to study its formation in high mass star-forming regions and dark cloud environments. It is noticed that the phenyl (−C6H5) formation by the ice-phase hydrogen abstraction reaction of benzene (i.e., C6H6 + OH → C6H5 + H2O if allowed at ∼10 K) could serve as the starting point for the formation of phenol in the gas phase by radiative association reaction C6H5 + OH → C6H5OH + h
ν. The gas-phase reaction C6H6 + O → C6H5OH significantly contributes to the formation of phenol, when the ice-phase reaction C6H6 + OH → C6H5 + H2O is not considered at low temperature. Band 4 ALMA archival data of a hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03, are analyzed. It yields an upper limit on phenol abundance of 5.19 × 10−9. Our astrochemical model delivers an upper limit on phenol abundance of ∼2.20 × 10−9 in the hot molecular core, whereas its production in the dark cloud is not satisfactory.
The Multiple Images of the Plasma Lensing FRB
Authors: Wang Yu-Bin , Wen Zhi-Gang , Yuen Rai , Wang Na , Yuan Jian-Ping , Zhou Xia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the formation of multiple images as the radio signals from fast radio bursts (FRBs) pass through the plane of a plasma clump. The exponential model for the plasma clump is adopted to analyze the properties of the multiple images. By comparing with the classical dispersion relations, we find that one image has exhibited specific inverse properties to others, such as their delay times at high frequency is higher than that at low frequency, owing to the lensing effects of the plasma clump. We demonstrate that these inverse effects should be observable in some repeating FRBs. Our results predict deviation in the estimated dispersion measure (DM) across multiple images, consistent with the observations of FRB 121102 and FRB 180916.J0158+65. If other plasma lenses have effects similar to an exponential lens, we find that they should also give rise to a similar dispersion relation in the multiple images. For some repeating FRBs, analysis of the differences in time delay and in DM between multiple images at different frequencies can serve as a method to reveal the plasma distribution.
Life cycle assessment of simultaneous pyrethroid extraction in soil matrices: A comparative study with QuEChERS method
Authors: Ariyani Miranti , Pitoi Mariska Margaret , Sari Ajeng Arum , Yusiasih Retno , Koesmawati Tiny Agustini , Sunardi  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gate-to-gate system boundary was employed to determine the greenness of sample preparation methods for simultaneous pyrethroids analysis using life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA of an established QuEChERS method was assessed and compared to the proposed modified QuEChERS method. A comparative LCA was carried out with a functional unit defined as the amount of pyrethroid recovered (80-110%) from a 5 g soil. The life cycle inventory and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) were performed on Open LCA 1.10.3 software. The inventory analysis shows that the amount of equipment, material, and energy input were greater in the proposed modified QuEChERS method than the established QuEChERS method, except for chemicals used. The life cycle assessment impact shows that among the nine impact parameters generated, the established QuEChERS method was more environmentally benign than the proposed modified QuEChERS method. However, in term of carcinogenic toxicity impact on humans, the proposed modified QuEChERS method outperformed the established QuEChERS method. This study confirmed the contribution of life cycle assessment to assess the environmental impact for the analytical procedure.
Application of myco-light expanded clay aggregate for real textile wastewater treatment in rotating drum biological contactor
Authors: Ardiati Fenny Clara , Yanto Dede Heri Yuli , Anita Sita Heris , Ramadhan Kharisma Panji , Laksana Raden Permana Budi , Harsono Susila Tri , Panelin Yandes , Widiyatno  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Textile effluent could endanger human health and the water environment, but it is very challenging to be treated due to its complex composition. Biological methods for textile wastewater treatment by using fungi has been extensively studied in a lab-scale yet the investigation on a larger scale is still limited. In this study, a preliminary investigation of immobilized Trametes hirsuta D7 in light expanded clay aggregate (myco-LECA) application was conducted to treat the real textile wastewater in a rotating drum biological contactor. The undiluted wastewater without any addition of carbon and nutrients was used in the experiment and treated for 72 hours in the batch-mode bioreactor. The results revealed the maximum decolorization of 74.62% along with the highest laccase activity observed at 107 UL−1. Moreover, the pH was successfully reduced from 12.94 to 8.57 while the chemical oxygen demand still fluctuated. In terms of nutrients, 57.4% of phosphorus (PO4-P) removal was achieved but no observation of the nitrification process. Based on the toxicity assay using Artemia salina larvae, the treatment could reduce the toxicity level and performed a total chromium removal up to 36.5%. These findings showed the promising abilities of myco-LECA for textile wastewater treatment prior to the full-scale application.
Elevated temperature erosion performance of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 coating on MDN 420 steel substrate
Authors: Reddy G Madhu Sudana , Prasad C Durga , Patil Pradeep , Kakur Naresh , Ramesh M R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current study deals with the erosion behaviour of a plasma-sprayed 70% NiCrAlY + 30% TiO2 coating on MDN 420 steel substrate at extreme temperatures. The coating was characterized by using an optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The coating’s porosity, microhardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength were all examined. The solid particle erosion experiments were carried out at temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, with impact angles of 30° and 90°. The tests were conducted by using the alumina as an erodent in the hot air jet erosion testing machine. The erosion volume loss of coated and uncoated samples was measured using an optical profilometer. It is observed that erosion resistance of the coating was found to be more when compared to the substrate for the different test temperatures chosen. As the temperature increases, the erosion resistance of the coating also found increased from 300 °C to 700 °C at both impact angles of 30° and 90°. The morphology of the eroded coating surface reveals that the generalized behaviour of the coating is ductile in nature.
Numerical simulations and optimization of foam filled free-curved surface composite part
Authors: Chen Siyu , Jing Xishuang , Xie Xin , Zhang Chengyang , Xie Fubao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to predict the curing deformation of a foam-filled free-curved surface composite part and reduce the occurrence of curing deformation through process optimization. This research introduces a finite element simulation method and an optimization method for forming parameters for a foam-filled free-curved surface composite part. Meanwhile, sample manufacturing experiments and a comparative analysis between the simulation and actual objects were conducted. The results showed that finite element simulation analysis could effectively predict the curing deformation of the composite part. After the optimization simulation analysis of the molding process parameters, it was found that the curing deformation of the foam-filled free-curved surface composite part could be as small as 2.30 mm.
Isotope detection in molecules with ultrafast electron diffraction and rotational spectrometry
Authors: Xiong Yanwei , Zhao Haoran , Saha Sajib Kumar , Muvva Sri Bhavya , Wilkin Kyle J , Centurion Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Gas phase electron diffraction is a powerful technique to measure the structure of molecules in the gas phase, and time-resolved ultrafast electron diffraction has been successful in capturing structural dynamics taking place on femtosecond and picosecond time scales. Diffraction measurements, however, are not sensitive to isotope substitution, and thus cannot distinguish between isotopologues. Here we show that by impulsively aligning the molecules with a short laser pulse and observing the anisotropy in the diffraction signal over multiple revivals of the rotational wavepacket, the relative abundance of molecules with different isotopes can be determined. We demonstrate the technique experimentally and theoretically by studying the rotational dynamics of chloromethane with two naturally occurring chlorine isotopes 35Cl and 37Cl. We have determined the relative abundance and mass difference of the isotopes. This new methodology adds a new capability to the existing technique of ultrafast electron diffraction.
Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among US Women of Reproductive Age by Race/Hispanic Origin
Authors: Ford Nicole D , Robbins Cheryl L , Hayes Donald K , Ko Jean Y , Loustalot Fleetwood 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To explore the prevalence, pharmacologic treatment, and control of hypertension among US nonpregnant women of reproductive age by race/Hispanic origin to identify potential gaps in care.

METHODS
We pooled data from the 2011 to March 2020 (prepandemic) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. Our analytic sample included 4,590 nonpregnant women aged 20–44 years who had at least 1 examiner-measured blood pressure (BP) value. We estimated prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension, pharmacologic treatment, and control based on the 2003 Joint Committee on High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) and the 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines. We evaluated differences by race/Hispanic origin using Rao–Scott chi-square tests.

RESULTS
Applying ACC/AHA guidelines, hypertension prevalence ranged from 14.0% (95% CI: 12.0, 15.9) among Hispanic women to 30.9% (95% CI: 27.8, 34.0) among non-Hispanic Black women. Among women with hypertension, non-Hispanic Black women had the highest eligibility for pharmacological treatment (65.5%, 95% CI: 60.4, 70.5); current use was highest among White women (61.8%, 95% CI: 53.8, 69.9). BP control ranged from 5.2% (95% CI: 1.1, 9.3) among women of another or multiple non-Hispanic races to 18.6% (95% CI: 12.1, 25.0) among Hispanic women.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the importance of monitoring hypertension, pharmacologic treatment, and control by race/Hispanic origin and addressing barriers to equitable hypertension care among women of reproductive age.
Effects of Intracranial Interventional Embolization and Intracranial Clipping on the Cognitive and Neurologic Function of Patients with Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Gao Ping , Jin Zhibin , Wang Peng , Zhang Xiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Intracranial interventional embolization and intracranial clipping have been two typical therapies for the emergent rescue of intracranial aneurysm. However, there are still controversies over the impact of these two surgical treatments of aneurysms on cognitive and neurological functions of patients.

Methods
A total of 144 patients with intracranial aneurysms were enrolled as the test subjects, who were randomly and evenly divided into the Intracranial Clipping group and the Interventional Embolization group. Cognitive and neurologic functions were evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β.

Results
There were no significant differences in the preoperative MMSE, MoCA, NIHSS or ADL scale between two groups (p &gt; 0.05). However, after operation, the MMSE and MoCA scores of the interventional embolization group were significantly higher, whereas the NIHSS and ADL scales were significantly lower than those of the intracranial clipping group (p &lt; 0.05). The levels of NSE and S100β in the intracranial clipping group were significantly higher than in the interventional embolization group.

Conclusion
Intracranial interventional embolization exerts better effects on the cognitive and neurologic functions than intracranial clipping.
Pay (to pay) to play: drillable immersion at transmedia theme parks
Authors: Moulton Carter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeaving together analyses of theme park industry discourses, park experiences, ride architectures, and ticket-price data, this article extends Mittell’s (2013) work on “drillable” textuality to outline three distinct ways in which drillable immersion is being built into the experience of transmedia theme parks. In addition to being a set of forensic-minded exploratory practices and a spatially-layered arena of play, drillable immersion is also being used as an industry strategy to encourage additional capitalistic consumption and to further entrench symbolic conceptions of awe and wonder into commercialized experiences. By outlining how new media and convergence logics are being extended and mapped onto physical spaces, the article opens up new ways of thinking about the relationships between media industries and fans, adjacent cultural sites of experience, tourism, and broader histories of immersive culture.
Accessible from the open web: a qualitative analysis of the available open-source information involving cyber security and critical infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan (Cicilia) , Frank Richard , Warkentin Noelle , Zakimi Naomi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to efficiently manage and operate industrial-level production, an increasing number of industrial devices and critical infrastructure (CI) are now connected to the internet, exposed to malicious hackers and cyberterrorists who aim to cause significant damage to institutions and countries. Throughout the various stages of a cyber-attack, Open-source Intelligence (OSINT) tools could gather data from various publicly available platforms, and thus help hackers identify vulnerabilities and develop malware and attack strategies against targeted CI sectors. The purpose of the current study is to explore and identify the types of OSINT data that are useful for malicious individuals intending to conduct cyber-attacks against the CI industry. Applying and searching keyword queries in four open-source surface web platforms (Google, YouTube, Reddit, and Shodan), search results published between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed and qualitatively analyzed to categorize CI information that could be useful to hackers. Over 4000 results were analyzed from the open-source websites, 250 of which were found to provide information related to hacking and/or cybersecurity of CI facilities to malicious actors. Using thematic content analysis, we identified three major types of data malicious attackers could retrieve using OSINT tools: indirect reconnaissance data, proof-of-concept codes, and educational materials. The thematic results from this study reveal an increasing amount of open-source information useful for malicious attackers against industrial devices, as well as the need for programs, training, and policies required to protect and secure industrial systems and CI.
The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in named manometric patterns of dysmotility according to the Chicago Classification 4.0
Authors: de Padua Filipe , Herbella Fernando A M , Patti Marco G 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Esophageal motility disorders (EMD) may be considered primary disorders only in the absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If GERD is present, treatment should be directed toward correction of the abnormal reflux. The actual prevalence of GERD in manometric dysmotility patterns according to the new Chicago Classification 4.0 (CC4) is still elusive. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of GERD in patients with esophageal motility disorders according to the CC4. We reviewed 400 consecutive patients that underwent esophageal manometry and pH monitoring. Esophageal motility was classified according to the CC4 and GERD + was defined by a DeMeester score &gt; 14.7. Normal motility or unclassified dysmotility was present in 290 (73%) patients, with GERD+ in 184 of them (63%). There were a total of 110 patients (27%) with named esophageal motility disorders, with GERD+ in 67 (61%). The incidence of ineffective esophageal motility was 59% (n = 65) with 69% GERD +, diffuse esophageal spasm was 40% (n = 44) with 48% GERD +, and hypercontractile esophagus was 0.01% (n = 1) with 100% GERD +. There was no correlation between the presence of GERD and the number of non-peristaltic swallows. Our results show that: (i) manometry only is not enough to select patients’ treatment as &gt;60% of patients with named esophageal motility disorders have GERD; (ii) there was no correlation between the presence of GERD and the number of non-peristaltic swallows.
Importance of genotype for risk stratification in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy using the 2019 ARVC risk calculator
Authors: Protonotarios Alexandros , Bariani Riccardo , Cappelletto Chiara , Pavlou Menelaos , García-García Alba , Cipriani Alberto , Protonotarios Ioannis , Rivas Adrian , Wittenberg Regitze , Graziosi Maddalena , Xylouri Zafeirenia , Larrañaga-Moreira José M , de Luca Antonio , Celeghin Rudy , Pilichou Kalliopi , Bakalakos Athanasios , Lopes Luis Rocha , Savvatis Konstantinos , Stolfo Davide , Dal Ferro Matteo , Merlo Marco , Basso Cristina , Freire Javier Limeres , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose F , Kubo Toru , Ripoll-Vera Tomas , Barriales-Villa Roberto , Antoniades Loizos , Mogensen Jens , Garcia-Pavia Pablo , Wahbi Karim , Biagini Elena , Anastasakis Aris , Tsatsopoulou Adalena , Zorio Esther , Gimeno Juan R , Garcia-Pinilla Jose Manuel , Syrris Petros , Sinagra Gianfranco , Bauce Barbara , Elliott Perry M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To study the impact of genotype on the performance of the 2019 risk model for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).

Methods and results
The study cohort comprised 554 patients with a definite diagnosis of ARVC and no history of sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA). During a median follow-up of 6.0 (3.1,12.5) years, 100 patients (18%) experienced the primary VA outcome (sustained ventricular tachycardia, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator intervention, aborted sudden cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death) corresponding to an annual event rate of 2.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–3.3]. Risk estimates for VA using the 2019 ARVC risk model showed reasonable discriminative ability but with overestimation of risk. The ARVC risk model was compared in four gene groups: PKP2 (n = 118, 21%); desmoplakin (DSP) (n = 79, 14%); other desmosomal (n = 59, 11%); and gene elusive (n = 160, 29%). Discrimination and calibration were highest for PKP2 and lowest for the gene-elusive group. Univariable analyses revealed the variable performance of individual clinical risk markers in the different gene groups, e.g. right ventricular dimensions and systolic function are significant risk markers in PKP2 but not in DSP patients and the opposite is true for left ventricular systolic function.

Conclusion
The 2019 ARVC risk model performs reasonably well in gene-positive ARVC (particularly for PKP2) but is more limited in gene-elusive patients. Genotype should be included in future risk models for ARVC.
Concurring Data Policy Cycles? Global Data Strategies Conference, University of Passau, 20 and 21 September 2021
Authors: Dittmar Josefine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Global data law is on the rise, and the competitiveness of societies is at stake. Today, the competing approaches to data law around the world are still manifold. But is it likely that these approaches will be unified by a strategic turn towards a global data strategy? The first conference of the Global Data Law Conference Series of the University of Passau Research Centre of Law and Digitalisation (FREDI) turned to this question in September 2021. The ensuing discussions led by international experts highlighted the interplay between policymakers and private corporations in shaping data strategies and protecting as well as empowering data subjects. Different data protection levels worldwide were evaluated and factored against the data-driven competitive advantages of private corporations. The range of aspects spread from prospects of a global data governance architecture, the notion of data colonialism and the European digital single market to the Chinese digital silk road.
Motor unit recovery following Smn restoration in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Comley Laura H , Kline Rachel A , Thomson Alison K , Woschitz Victoria , Landeros Eric Villalón , Osman Erkan Y , Lorson Christian L , Murray Lyndsay M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a childhood motor neuron disease caused by anomalies in the SMN1 gene. Although therapeutics have been approved for the treatment of SMA, there is a therapeutic time window, after which efficacy is reduced. Hallmarks of motor unit pathology in SMA include loss of motor-neurons and neuromuscular junction (NMJs). Following an increase in Smn levels, it is unclear how much damage can be repaired and the degree to which normal connections are re-established. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of motor unit pathology before and after restoration of Smn levels. Using a Smn-inducible mouse model of SMA, we show that genetic restoration of Smn results in a dramatic reduction in NMJ pathology, with restoration of innervation patterns, preservation of axon and endplate number and normalized expression of P53-associated transcripts. Notably, presynaptic swelling and elevated Pmaip levels remained. We analysed the effect of either early or delayed treated of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting SMN2 on a range of differentially vulnerable muscles. Following ASO administration, the majority of endplates appeared fully occupied. However, there was an underlying loss of axons and endplates, which was more prevalent following a delay in treatment. There was an increase in average motor unit size following both early and delayed treatment. Together this work demonstrates the remarkably regenerative capacity of the motor neuron following Smn restoration, but highlights that recovery is incomplete. This work suggests that there is an opportunity to enhance neuromuscular junction recovery following administration of Smn-enhancing therapeutics.