bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of intrauterine factors on birth weight and on child linear growth in rural Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Roro Meselech , Deressa Wakgari , Lindtjørn Bernt 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionLittle is known about the influence of intrauterine fetal factors on childhood growth in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of intrauterine fetal growth on child linear growth in rural Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a prospective community-based cohort study from July 2016 to October 2018. All pregnant women with gestational age of 24 weeks or below living in 13 kebeles, in central Ethiopia were enrolled. The fetuses were followed from pregnancy up to 11–24 months after birth. We measured biparietal diameter, head circumference, femoral length, and abdominal circumference at 26, 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. At birth, we measured infant weight. At 11–24 months of age, z-scores of length- for- age, and weight-for-length were calculated. A multilevel, mixed-effect, linear regression model was used to examine the influence of fetal, newborn, maternal, household factors and residence area on child linear growth.ResultsWe included 554 children. The prevalence rate of stunting was 54.3% and that of wasting was 10.6%. Fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference, were significantly associated with birth weight. Femoral length z-score in early pregnancy, gestational age at delivery and child age were significantly associated with length-for-age z-score. Family size was significantly associated with length-for-age z-score. Family size and maternal height were associated with weight-for-height z-score. There was a large variation in length-for-age z-score (Intra cluster correlation, or ρ (rho) = 0.30) and weight-for-length z-score (ρ = 0.22) than of birth weight of new-born (ρ = 0.11) in kebeles indicating heterogeneity in clusters for length-for-age z-score and weight-for-length z-score than birth weight.ConclusionsChild linear growth was influenced by fetal growth, duration of pregnancy, maternal height, and family size. Environmental factors that are associated with the area of residence play a bigger role for linear growth than for birth weight.
Factor associated with anthropometric failure among under-five Bengali children: A comparative study between Bangladesh and India
Authors: Kundu Ramendra Nath , Hossain Md. Golam , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Biswas Subir , Huq Md. Monimul , Pasa Md. Kamal , Sabiruzzaman Md. , Bharati Premananda 
Published: August 2022

Background
Child undernutrition is a burden and the leading cause of child mortality in low-and middle-income countries like Bangladesh and India. Currently, this issue is a matter of great concern, inasmuch as achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study intends to determine the factors of child undernutrition using a single composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) among the Bengali population.

Methods
Unit level data on 14055 under 5 children were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 (BDHS) and the 4th National Family Health Survey of India (NFHS-4). To understand child undernutrition and generate CIAF, data on height-for-age (stunting), weight-for-height (wasting), and weight-for-age (underweight) were used by WHO guidelines. These three undernutrition indicators were combined into a single undernutrition indicator called anthropometric failure (anth-failure) using the CIAF concept. Explanatory factors of anth-failure included data on maternal health, socio-demographic and birth-related variables. Differences of frequency were determined by Z-proportional and Chi-square tests; predictors of anth-failure were determined by binary logistic regression. Cut off point of p-value was taken as 0.05 to test the significance.

Results
Inter-country disparities were revealed, about half of Bengali children in India and two-fifths in Bangladesh being prone to anth-failure. Stunting and underweight were more prevalent in both countries than wasting. Maternal undernutrition, lack of maternal education, and poor wealth index were common factors of anth-failure for both countries. Children in Bangladesh developed anth-failure after the end of breastfeeding period, indicating a lack of nutritious food. Lack of antenatal care was another significant factor in Bangladesh. In India, the first child suffered from anth-failure due to lack of maternal education.

Conclusions
This study provides a better understanding of multifactorial impact on child undernutrition. It is proposed that the emphasis should be on initiatives that improve maternal education and nutrition, child food security, boost household wealth index, and enhance mothers’ access to health care. The study strongly recommends that the governments of Bangladesh and India invest financially in preventing child malnutrition, which will contribute to achieving the first four SDGs.
Bedaquiline-based treatment for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Yao Jiaqi , You Joyce H. S. 
Published: August 2022

Background
The treatment success rate of conventional anti-tuberculosis (TB) regimens for extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is low, resulting in high morbidity and healthcare cost especially in the high TB burden countries. Recent clinical findings reported improved treatment outcomes of XDR-TB with the bedaquiline (BDQ)-based regimens. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of BDQ-based treatment for XDR-TB from the perspective of the South Africa national healthcare provider.

Methods
A 2-year decision-analytic model was designed to evaluate the clinical and economic outcomes of a hypothetical cohort of adult XDR-TB patients with (1) BDQ-based regimen and (2) injectable-based conventional regimen. The model inputs were retrieved from literature and public data. Base-case analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. The primary model outputs included TB-related direct medical cost and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Results
In the base-case analysis, the BDQ group reduced 4.4152 DALYs with an incremental cost of USD1,606 when compared to the conventional group. The incremental cost per DALY averted (ICER) by the BDQ group was 364 USD/DALY averted. No influential factor was identified in the sensitivity analysis. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the BDQ group was accepted as cost-effective in 97.82% of the 10,000 simulations at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 5,656 USD/DALY averted (1× gross domestic product per capita in South Africa).

Conclusion
The BDQ-based therapy appeared to be cost-effective and showed a high probability to be accepted as the preferred cost-effective option for active XDR-TB treatment.
Political Connection, Foreign Ownership, and Tax Avoidance: Does Executive Gender Moderate the Relationship?
Authors: Yudanto Limpat Akbar , Damayanti Theresia Woro 
Published: August 2022

Tax revenue is a vital source of income to support the economic development of acountry. Therefore, this study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence ofpolitical connections and foreign ownership on tax avoidance. This study also analyzes the moderating role of executive gender on the influence of politicalconnections and foreign ownership on tax avoidance. This study used secondary panelÂ data from a survey conducted by the World Bank Open from 2006-2018. This study'sÂ data was around 50,454 companies from all over the world. The hypothesis testingÂ was performed using multinomial logistic regression. The results showed thatpolitical connection positively affected tax avoidance, but foreign ownership had nosignificant effect on tax avoidance. Furthermore, male executives strengthened therelationship between political connections and tax avoidance, but it did not moderatethe effect of foreign ownership on tax avoidance. The findings suggested that theDirectorate General of Taxation should scrutinize companies with political connections to optimize government tax revenue.
Tax Incentives and Taxpayer Compliance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Tax Literacy
Authors: Naitili Selviana Lelan , Hatta Hambali Atika Jauharia , Nurofik Nurofik 
Published: August 2022

The government's tax incentives for MSMEs during this pandemic are expected to increase taxpayer compliance. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of tax incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) taxpayer compliance. This study also assesses the moderating influence of tax literacy on the relationship between tax incentives and taxpayer compliance. Using a sample of 108 MSME actors registered in the Yogyakarta Special Region of Cooperatives and MSMEs, the results indicate that tax incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic positively affect MSME taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, tax literacy as a moderating variable weakens the impact of using tax incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic on MSME taxpayer compliance. The lack of tax literacy of MSME actors has resulted in the use of tax incentives being not optimal, so the government must increase the socialization of tax regulations to the public,Â especially among MSME actors.
Some properties of graded generalized 2-absorbing submodules
Authors: Alghueiri Shatha , Al-Zoubi Khaldoun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Let

G

G

be an abelian group with identity

e

e

. Let

R

R

be a

G

G

-graded commutative ring and

M

M

a graded

R

R

-module. In this paper, we will obtain some results concerning the graded generalized 2-absorbing submodules and their homogeneous components. Special attention has been paid, when graded rings are graded gr-Noetherian, to find extra properties of these graded submodules.
Research on novel single-mode polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Li Li , Qiang Zhang , Hong-jie Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A PCF (photonic crystal fiber) with high birefringence and single-mode polarization retention over a wide wavelength range is designed and studied. The birefringence and polarization retention characteristics of the PCF base mode were studied using FVFEM (full vector finite element method) and APML (anisotropic perfect matching layer) as boundary conditions. The simulation results show that by rotating the elliptical air hole parallel to the horizontal axis by 45°, and then rotating the elliptical air hole parallel to the longitudinal axis by 45°, the birefringence of the PCF obtained is as high as 4.7 × 10−2, and it has good single model ability, which can be used for various optical devices.
Clarifying the taxonomic status of Crocidura cantabra Cabrera, 1908 (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae: Crocidurinae)
Authors: Román Jacinto , Calzada Javier , Godoy José Antonio , Biedma Luis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th century Crocidura cantabra was described based on one specimen from Basque Provinces, North of Spain. Later, some authors considered it a junior synonym of Crocidura suaveolens, without any data to support this statement, so the eight existing specimens were registered as records of that species. Our objective was to clarify the taxonomic status of C. cantabra. Since DNA could not be obtained from the existing specimens and the coloration was originally poorly described, an attempt was made to make an assignment based on the original biometric data of two individuals, the only ones identified by Cabrera for which there is biometric information: the holotype and a specimen from Colindres, Cantabria. The body measurements were surely altered by conservation techniques, rendering any identification uncertain, whereas the skull biometry assigns the specimens to C. russula. We propose that C. cantabra should be treated as junior synonym of Crocidura russula.
Angularly selective thermal emitters for deep subfreezing daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Chamoli Sandeep Kumar , Li Wei , Guo Chunlei , ElKabbash Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We theoretically analyze the impact of angular selectivity on the radiative cooling performance of thermal emitters. We investigate the effect of spectral selectivity, environmental conditions, and parasitic heating on the minimum possible equilibrium temperature of the thermal emitter. We show that combining angular and spectral selectivity is necessary to reach deep subfreezing temperatures. We also show that angularly selective thermal emitters increase the cooling performance in humid environments, however, they require management of nonradiative heat transfer processes. We introduce a general scheme to realize angularly and spectrally selective absorption/emission using a thin film stack consisting of an angle dependent transmission filter overlayed on a selective thermal emitter. The thermal emitter total thickness is ∼16 μm, an order of magnitude less than previously proposed angular selective thermal emitters/absorbers and operates under s- and p-polarized light without using anisotropic layers. Under realistic conditions and reasonable parasitic heating, the proposed emitter can be cooled down to ΔT = −46 °C below ambient temperature. Our work highlights the advantages and drawbacks of angular selective thermal emitters towards practical and efficient radiative cooling devices.
Three birds with one stone: oxygen self-supply engineering palladium nanocluster/titanium carbide hybrid for single-NIR laser-triggered synergistic photodynamic-photothermal therapy
Authors: Dang Shanshan , Mo Yanmei , Zeng Junqing , Xu Yunjie , Xie Zhongjian , Zhang Han , Zhang Bin , Nie Guohui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a key branch of the cross-discipline biophotonics, phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), is promising in biomedicine and visible light-driving PDT has been applied to clinical treatment. However, extensive applications of phototherapy are limited by the hypoxic microenvironment, laser penetration depth, and potential complexity for combined PDT/PTT. Thus, NIR-responsive oxygen self-supply nanocomposites functionalized with photosensitizers for achieving simultaneous in-depth PDT/PTT are urgently required. Herein, a multifunctional platform has been fabricated by co-immobilizing monodispersed ultrasmall Pd nanoclusters and a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Aminophenyl)-21H,23H Porphyrin (Thp) on the surface of Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanosheets, generating the Pd-Thp-Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposite. Material characterization demonstrated that Pd nanoclusters and Thp were well-distributed on the MXene surface while MXene maintained its photothermal conversion efficiency and broad absorption. In this nanoplatform, irradiated by the single 808 nm laser, Pd selectively catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to O2, and O2 was continuously supplied to Thp for enhanced NIR-driving PDT. The in vivo fluorescence and photothermal imaging demonstrated the pronounced accumulation of nanocomposites in the tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo results clearly demonstrated the nanocomposite had good biocompatibility, and that the synergistic PTT and enhanced PDT made apoptosis of the tumor cell achievable. This work not only proves this Pd-Thp-Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposite serves a promising solution for tumor hypoxia by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells with synergistic PTT and PDT, but also broadens the application of promising optical materials in biomedical field.
Preliminary trials of the gold nanoparticles conjugated chrysin: An assessment of anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of a nanoformulated flavonoid
Authors: Jasim Ahmed J. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Ay Hilal , Mohammed Salman A. A. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Jabir Majid S. , Khan Riaz A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chrysin (CHR), a dihydroxy flavone, exhibits several bioactivities, i.e., anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer, and is known to possess limited aqueous solubility causing lowered bioavailability, and compromised therapeutic efficacy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated chrysin (CHR–AuNPs) were prepared and characterized by UV-Vis, Fourier transform infra-red, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and zeta potential analyses. The nanoformulated CHR–AuNPs were primarily examined on trial scale for their cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activity in comparison to the unformulated CHR. The CHR–AuNPs effectively scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals, also in comparison to CHR and AuNPs. The CHR–AuNPs also exhibited potential cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated significant reduction (P = 0.05) of the cells proliferation, and growth of the human breast cancer cell lines, AMJ13, which were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazal-z-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium, and crystal violet assays, respectively. When compared with the pure CHR and free-AuNPs, the CHR–AuNPs exerted highest anti-microbial bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The strong anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, as well as cytotoxic activity of the CHR–AuNPs preparation has the potential for clinical use after considerable appropriate developments.
The effect of stimulation frequency on transcranial evoked potentials
Authors: Leodori Giorgio , Rocchi Lorenzo , Mancuso Marco , De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Baione Viola , Costanzo Matteo , Belvisi Daniele , Conte Antonella , Defazio Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked electroencephalography potentials (TEPs) have been used to study motor cortical excitability in healthy subjects and several neurological conditions. However, optimal recording parameters for TEPs are still debated. Stimulation rates could affect TEP amplitude due to plasticity effects, thus confounding the assessment of cortical excitability. We tested whether short interpulse intervals (IPIs) affect TEP amplitude.

Methods
We investigated possible changes in TEP amplitude and global mean field amplitude (GMFA) obtained with stimulation of the primary motor cortex at IPIs of 1.1–1.4 s in a group of healthy subjects.

Results
We found no differences in TEP amplitude or GMFA between the first, second and last third of trials.

Discussion
Short IPIs do not affect TEP size and can be used without the risk of confounding effects due to short-term plasticity.
Trusted Network Difference Data Mining Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony Optimization
Authors: Li Junmei , Chen Huafeng , Li Suruo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Trusted network is characterized by a large amount of data, abnormal dispersion, and high complexity. Traditional methods are easily affected by trusted network environment, resulting in unreliable mining results. Therefore, a new real-time mining method of trusted network difference data is proposed. Real-time collection of trusted network difference data through history system is performed on the basis of determining the principle of trusted network difference data mining and collecting and extracting the characteristics of difference data. The process of trusted network differential data mining is designed through the artificial bee colony algorithm. According to the process, differential data mining is carried out from three aspects: constructing a trusted network differential data transmission path, updating pheromone, and establishing a differential data transmission path set. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the real-time mining of difference data, and the mining accuracy is more accurate.
Research Preparation and Properties of Geopolymer-Based Rapid Repair Materials
Authors: Wei Jing , Liu Jiesheng , Feng Bowen , Chen Yaohua , Zhang Yidi , Zhang Tongtong , Fu Wanwan , Tan Xiaoming , Zhu Guojun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metakaolin (MK)-geopolymer has rapid coagulation at higher curing temperature, excellent durability, and mechanical properties. The aim of this research was to develop rapid repair materials of MK-based geopolymer cured at room temperature. In this study, portland cement was added to MK to prepare geopolymer. The influences of cement on the water requirement of normal consistency, setting time, bulk density, flowability, consistency, mechanical properties, and reaction mechanism of the geopolymer system were studied. The results showed that the consistency, flowability, bulk density, and mechanical properties of geopolymer were improved, and the setting time is prolonged by mixing a proper amount of cement into MK-geopolymer. When the cement content was 40 %, the strength of the geopolymer was the highest. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the calcium silicate hydrate gel and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate gel structures overlapped each other and formed compact skeleton structure in the modified MK-geopolymer. The appropriate content of cement can give the geopolymer excellent performance under room temperature, which will contribute to the on-site construction of geopolymer.
Prevalence of gaming disorder in East Asia: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Zhenjiang , Chen Xinxin , Huang Qiuping , Shen Hongxian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Asian countries are deemed to be high prevalence areas for gaming disorder (GD). This meta-analysis is the first to synthesize the overall prevalence of GD in East Asia and investigate characteristics that influence prevalence estimates.

Methods
Systematic and independent searches were conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library since their inception to January 27, 2021. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale was used for quality assessment. A random effect model was used to calculate the overall GD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
In total, 22 articles (26 studies) comprising 51,525 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of GD in East Asia was 12%, 95% CI (10%–15%); this figure was adjusted to 6%, 95% CI (3%–9%) for a representative sample. Higher prevalence was observed in males than in females (16% vs. 8%, respectively, P < 0.05). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that studies among gamers or those without random sampling reported significantly higher prevalence rates. There were no significant differences between countries/regions, sample size, quality score, proportion of males, and scale used.

Discussion and conclusions
The prevalence of GD in East Asia is higher than that in other world regions. Future studies should extend such epidemiological research to other regions to calculate the accurate prevalence of GD to benefit the local identification, prevention, policy formulation, and treatment efforts. Considering its negative effects, effective preventive and treatment measures for GD in East Asia need greater attention.