bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review
Authors: Arif Tasleem , Fatima Rafiya , Sami Marwa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease of unknown aetiology. About 85% of total cases of LS are genital cases, while extragenital form is seen in only 15–20% of cases. Extragenital LS (EGLS) can occur simultaneously with genital form; however, in 6% of the cases, only extragenital form has been described. Genetic, autoimmune, infectious, environmental and hormonal factors are implicated in its aetiology. Extragenital LS presents as asymptomatic white opalescent papules, which cluster in plaques and slowly progress over time resulting in parchment‐like skin usually involving upper trunk, neck and shoulders. Lesions are frequently accompanied by purpura/haemorrhagic spots. The relationship with morphoea has been a topic of debate. Association with several autoimmune diseases has been observed. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical and dermoscopic examination and further supported by histopathological findings. LS needs to be differentiated from several other dermatological conditions such as discoid lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides (hypopigmented variant), lichen planus, graft‐versus‐host disease and morphoea depending upon the stage of the disease. Generally, extragenital LS is believed to lack carcinogenic potential. However, case reports with possible malignant transformation have been described. In this article, the authors have described a concise review of the extragenital form of LS.
Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma
Authors: Varricchi Gilda , Ferri Sebastian , Pepys Jack , Poto Remo , Spadaro Giuseppe , Nappi Emanuele , Paoletti Giovanni , Virchow Johann Christian , Heffler Enrico , Canonica Walter G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease resulting in airflow obstruction, which in part can become irreversible to conventional therapies, defining the concept of airway remodeling. The introduction of biologics in severe asthma has led in some patients to the complete normalization of previously considered irreversible airflow obstruction. This highlights the need to distinguish a “fixed” airflow obstruction due to structural changes unresponsive to current therapies, from a “reversible” one as demonstrated by lung function normalization during biological therapies not previously obtained even with high‐dose systemic glucocorticoids. The mechanisms by which exposure to environmental factors initiates the inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling are still incompletely understood. Alarmins represent epithelial‐derived cytokines that initiate immunologic events leading to inflammatory airway remodeling. Biological therapies can improve airflow obstruction by addressing these airway inflammatory changes. In addition, biologics might prevent and possibly even revert “fixed” remodeling due to structural changes. Hence, it appears clinically important to separate the therapeutic effects (early and late) of biologics as a new paradigm to evaluate the effects of these drugs and future treatments on airway remodeling in severe asthma.
‘I'm not perfect’: Navigating screen time among parents of young children during COVID‐19
Authors: Findley Erin , LaBrenz Catherine A. , Childress Saltanat , Vásquez‐Schut Gladis , Bowman Katrina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of screen time for young children has been hotly debated among experts. This study explored the utilization of screen time among mothers with young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to understand maternal motivation for utilizing screen time and how mothers have engaged in screen time since the beginning of the pandemic.MethodThis paper uses a sample of n = 25 mothers who participated in an in‐depth interview about parenting during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The team utilized a thematic analysis approach to qualitatively code the transcripts. All analyses were conducted in Dedoose 8.3, and all transcripts were coded by three independent researchers to enhance rigour.ResultsFive main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) harbouring screen guilt versus letting it go, (2) managing full‐time work and full‐time parenting, (3) prioritizing mental sanity, (4) socially distant supports demand screen time and (5) screens can have positive uses, too.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, mothers have resorted to screen time use to cope with increased stress and challenges. However, mothers have also found positive uses for screen time, such as connection with extended family members, peer interaction and educational activities. Findings highlight the need to differentiate screen time use by quality and to update formal screen time guidelines considering changing roles of technology.
Parental history of positive development and child behavior in next generation offspring: A two‐cohort prospective intergenerational study
Authors: Letcher Primrose , Greenwood Christopher J. , McAnally Helena , Belsky Jay , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Spry Elizabeth A. , Thomson Kimberly C. , O'Connor Meredith , Sligo Judith , Youssef George , McIntosh Jennifer E. , Iosua Ella , Hutchinson Delyse , Cleary Joyce , Sanson Ann V. , Patton George C. , Hancox Robert J. , Olsson Craig A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether positive development (PD) in adolescence and young adulthood predicts offspring behavior in two Australasian intergenerational cohorts. The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study assessed PD at age 19–28 (years 2002–2010) and behavior in 1165 infants (12–18 months; 608 girls) of 694 Australian‐born parents (age 29–35; 2012–2019; 399 mothers). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Parenting Study assessed PD at age 15–18 (years 1987–1991) and behavior in 695 preschoolers (3–5 years; 349 girls) and their New Zealand born parents (age 21–46; 1994–2018; 363 mothers; 89% European ethnicity). In both cohorts, PD before parenthood predicted more positive offspring behavior (βrange = .11–.16) and fewer behavior problems (βrange = −.09 to −.11). Promoting strengths may secure a healthy start to life.
Engaging White parents to address their White children's racial biases in the Black‐White context
Authors: Scott Katharine E. , Ash Tory L. , Immel Bailey , Liebeck MaKayla A. , Devine Patricia G. , Shutts Kristin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple studies (n = 1065 parents, 625 females, 437 males, 3 nonbinary, 99.06% White; n = 80, 5 to 7‐year‐old children, 35 girls, 45 boys, 87.50% White; data collection September 2017–January 2021) investigated White U.S. parents' thinking about White children's Black‐White racial biases. In Studies 1–3, parents reported that their own and other children would not express racial biases. When predicting children's social preferences for Black and White children (Study 2), parents underestimated their own and other children's racial biases. Reading an article about the nature, prevalence, and consequences of White children's racial biases (Study 3) increased parents' awareness of, concern about, and motivation to address children's biases (relative to a control condition). The findings have implications for engaging White parents to address their children's racial biases.
House Biermann in Durban: A Case of “Regional Vernacular” in the Modern Architectural Heritage of South Africa
Authors: Bodei Silvia , Harber Rodney 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn September 2020, the South African Institute of Architects KwaZulu‐Natal Regional Heritage Committee launched an urgent national and international appeal to support the preservation of an important architectural artifact: the house of Barrie Biermann in Durban. The building, considered the most significant project carried out by the South African architect and academic, is today in danger of being demolished. Built in 1962 with great economy in the residential district of Westridge, it represents Biermann's particular vision of modern architecture and was a compelling experiment in domestic space. The present article reconstructs, through a selection of archival materials and pictures from the Technical Reference Library (University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Durban), the context and design ideas of the project and some construction features. These aspects, in particular related to Biermann's architectural vision and references, highlight the vital need to protect this heritage of modern architecture in the context of South Africa.
Decolonizing Modern Heritage of Africa: Afro‐Brazilian and Neo‐Moorish Liberation Architectures
Authors: Kelouaze Rim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines modern architectures in Africa that express ideas of liberation. It aims to rethink narratives and re‐evaluate perceptions through a reading of liberation architectures that are born out of popular resistance movements, revealing of voices for liberation, and representing cultural responses to political pressure from oppressed populations. Two cases are studied. The first concerns pre‐liberation architectures in early 19th century Algeria that emerged when popular resistance provoked the colonial administration to facilitate the creation of the neo‐Moorish style as a way of allowing the autochthonous to identify themselves within the city through a new architecture inspired by pre‐colonial architecture. The second case study is about post‐liberation architectures using Afro‐Brazilian architecture initiated by returned formerly enslaved people (Lagos/Benin), reflecting their freedom to reflect on their shifting identities and complex associations between their lives lived in both lands across the Atlantic Ocean. Both examples challenge notions of authenticity and recognition. Neo‐Moorish is perceived as a fake mix of two dissociated architectures; Afro‐Brazilian is regarded as imported and less authentic than local architectures. Yet the authenticity of both architectures lies in the political and cultural context and motivation underlying their creation: Afro‐Brazilians who returned to where they were captured and enslaved to create masterpieces, and Algerians who forced the colonizer to make a unique cultural compromise to appease the population, created two forms of liberation architecture of undeniable authenticity.
Global beta diversity patterns of microbial communities in the surface and deep ocean
Authors: Villarino Ernesto , Watson James R. , Chust Guillem , Woodill A. John , Klempay Benjamin , Jonsson Bror , Gasol Josep M. , Logares Ramiro , Massana Ramon , Giner Caterina R. , Salazar Guillem , Alvarez‐Salgado X. Anton , Catala Teresa S. , Duarte Carlos M. , Agusti Susana , Mauro Francisco , Irigoien Xabier , Barton Andrew D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimDispersal and environmental gradients shape marine microbial communities, yet the relative importance of these factors across taxa with distinct sizes and dispersal capacity in different ocean layers is unknown. Here, we report a comparative analysis of surface and deep ocean microbial beta diversity and examine how these patterns are tied to oceanic distance and environmental gradients.LocationTropical and subtropical oceans (30°N–40°S).Time period2010–2011.Major taxa studiedProkaryotes and picoeukaryotes (eukaryotes between 0.2 and 3 μm).MethodsBeta diversity was calculated from metabarcoding data on prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic microbes collected during the Malaspina expedition across the tropical and subtropical oceans. Mantel correlations were used to determine the relative contribution of environment and oceanic distance driving community beta diversity.ResultsMean community similarity across all sites for prokaryotes was 38.9% in the surface and 51.4% in the deep ocean, compared to mean similarity of 25.8 and 12.1% in the surface and deep ocean, respectively, for picoeukaryotes. Higher dispersal rates and smaller body sizes of prokaryotes relative to picoeukaryotes likely contributed to the significantly higher community similarity for prokaryotes compared with picoeukaryotes. The ecological mechanisms determining the biogeography of microbes varied across depth. In the surface ocean, the environmental differences in space were a more important factor driving microbial distribution compared with the oceanic distance, defined as the shortest path between two sites avoiding land. In the deep ocean, picoeukaryote communities were slightly more structured by the oceanic distance, while prokaryotes were shaped by the combined action of oceanic distance and environmental filtering.Main conclusionsHorizontal gradients in microbial community assembly differed across ocean depths, as did mechanisms shaping them. In the deep ocean, the oceanic distance and environment played significant roles driving microbial spatial distribution, while in the surface the influence of the environment was stronger than oceanic distance.
T‐cell clonality testing for the diagnosis of T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia: Are we identifying pathology or incidental clones?
Authors: Chin‐Yee Benjamin , Suthakaran Abitha , Hedley Benjamin D. , Howlett Christopher , Stuart Alan , Sadikovic Bekim , Chin‐Yee Ian H. , Hsia Cyrus C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionT‐cell clonality testing by T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is key to the diagnosis of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as T‐cell large granular lymphocytic (T‐LGL) leukemia. Benign clonal T‐cell expansions, however, are commonly found in patients without identifiable disease, a condition referred to as T‐cell clones of uncertain significance (T‐CUS). In practice, T‐cell clonality testing is performed for a range of reasons and results are often challenging to interpret given the overlap between benign and malignant clonal T‐cell proliferations and uncertainties in the management of T‐CUS.MethodsWe conducted a 5‐year retrospective cohort study of 211 consecutive patients who underwent PCR‐based T‐cell clonality testing for suspected T‐LGL leukemia at our institution to characterize the use of T‐cell clonality testing and its impact on patient management.ResultsOverall, 46.4% (n = 98) of individuals tested had a clonal T‐cell population identified. Patients with a monoclonal T‐cell population were more likely to be older, have rheumatoid arthritis and have higher lymphocyte counts compared to patients with polyclonal populations. The majority of patients eventually diagnosed and treated for T‐LGL leukemia had rheumatoid arthritis and lower neutrophil counts compared to untreated patients with monoclonal T‐cell populations. A diagnosis of T‐LGL leukemia was made in only a minority of patients (n = 48, 22.7%), and only a small proportion were treated (n = 17, 8.1%).ConclusionOur study suggests that T‐cell clonality testing most commonly identifies incidental T‐cell clones with only a minority of patients receiving a diagnosis of T‐LGL leukemia and fewer requiring active treatment. These finding indicate an opportunity to improve utilization of T‐cell clonality testing in clinical practice to better target patients where the results of testing would impact clinical management.
The 2022 Lady Estelle Wolfson lectureship on neurofilaments
Authors: Petzold Axel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeurofilament proteins (Nf) have been validated and established as a reliable body fluid biomarker for neurodegenerative pathology. This review covers seven Nf isoforms, Nf light (NfL), two splicing variants of Nf medium (NfM), two splicing variants of Nf heavy (NfH), ‐internexin (INA) and peripherin (PRPH). The genetic and epigenetic aspects of Nf are discussed as relevant for neurodegenerative diseases and oncology. The comprehensive list of mutations for all Nf isoforms covers Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Charcot–Marie Tooth disease, Spinal muscular atrophy, Parkinson Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. Next, emphasis is given to the expanding field of post‐translational modifications (PTM) of the Nf amino acid residues. Protein structural aspects are reviewed alongside PTMs causing neurodegenerative pathology and human autoimmunity. Molecular visualisations of NF PTMs, assembly and stoichiometry make use of Alphafold2 modelling. The implications for Nf function on the cellular level and axonal transport are discussed. Neurofilament aggregate formation and proteolytic breakdown are reviewed as relevant for biomarker tests and disease. Likewise, Nf stoichiometry is reviewed with regard to in vitro experiments and as a compensatory mechanism in neurodegeneration. The review of Nf across a spectrum of 87 diseases from all parts of medicine is followed by a critical appraisal of 33 meta‐analyses on Nf body fluid levels. The review concludes with considerations for clinical trial design and an outlook for future research.image
Phenotyping strategies for Elsinöe ampelina symptoms in grapevine (Vitis spp.)
Authors: Modesto Lenon Romano , Welter Leocir José , Steiner Daniel Ricardo Mass , Stefen Diogo , Dias Andressa Hilha , Dalbo Marco Antonio , Nodari Rubens Onofre , da Silva Aparecido Lima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGrapevine anthracnose, caused by Elsinöe ampelina, is a fungal disease with no mapped resistance loci. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different traits used to phenotype grapevine anthracnose looking for correlated traits and reproducibility during evaluations. Phenotyping was conducted with F1 siblings segregating for resistance to grapevine anthracnose. The progenies were inoculated with Elsinoë ampelina. Leaves, canes and shoots were phenotyped three times. Real severity and number of anthracnose spots were determined from digital photographs. Complementary, the number of spots was estimated using a scale from 0 to 9 and the severity using standard area diagram (SAD) developed for leaves and shoots. The results revealed positive correlation between real and estimated number of anthracnose spots, and the real and estimated severity. However, the number of anthracnose spots did not correlate with severity. The real data from severity and number of spots presented higher variation than the estimated data based on the SAD and scale, respectively. The evaluation strategy based on number of anthracnose spots showed reproducibility in the three independent bioassays, being the most accurate phenotyping strategy for grapevine anthracnose symptoms.
Two novel variants in a Bardet‐Biedl syndrome type 5 patient with severe renal phenotype
Authors: Shao Yingfei , An Ming , Shi Xiaomeng , Shao Leping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBardet‐Biedl syndrome type 5 (BBS5) has never been reported in Chinese populations. The aim of this study is to report the first BBS5 case in China, explore the phenotype and genotype correlation. The case was male, Han nationality, born with polydactyly and gained weight after birth, accompanied by polydipsia, polyuria and nocturia. He was found to have low vision at the age of 7 years, and having insufficient renal function at the age of 20 years. After hospitalization, he was found to have suffered from atrophy of the whole layer of macular retina, and end stage of kidney disease, presenting with shrinking and cyst‐like changes of bilateral kidneys. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed among the proband and his parents (Trios), further validated using Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Two novel compound heterozygous variants of BBS5 gene [a missense variant NC_000002.12, NM_152384.3:c.1A>G(p.Met1?) & a large deletion c.(?_‐60)_(386 + 1_387‐1)del] were detected. BBS is rare, whereas BBS5 is rarer. Herein, we reported a Chinese BBS5 patient with severe renal phenotype and identified two novel BBS5 variants.
Oral microbiome and serological analyses on association of Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis
Authors: Fu Kuan‐Lun , Chiu Ming‐Jang , Wara‐aswapati Nawarat , Yang Cheng‐Ning , Chang Li‐Chun , Guo Yue Leon , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Chen Yi‐Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontitis in the aspects of periodontal status, serological markers, and oral microbiome.Materials and MethodsTwenty AD and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this age‐ and gender‐matched case–control study. Clinical periodontal parameters and serum biomarkers, including amyloid β42 (Aβ42), Tau, phosphorylated Tau (pTau), triglyceride, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody were examined. The saliva samples were analyzed for oral microbiome composition.ResultsAlzheimer's disease patients with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) ≥1 exhibited significantly more clinical attachment loss (CAL) than those with lower CDR. The levels of serum Tau protein, hsCRP and anti‐P. gingivalis LPS antibody were markedly elevated in the AD group compared with the control group. Serum pTau protein level was positively correlated with anti‐P. gingivalis LPS antibody titer. Moreover, the increased abundances of Capnocytophaga sp ora clone DZ074, Eubacterium infirmum, Prevotella buccae, and Selenomonas artemidis were detected in the AD group. Interestingly, serum levels of Aβ42, pTau, and anti‐P. gingivalis LPS antibody were strongly related to the gene upregulation in human pathogen septicemia.ConclusionsOur study suggested the association of periodontal infection and oral microbiome with AD. Further large‐scale studies with longitudinal follow‐up are warranted.
Genome‐wide prediction of activating regulatory elements in rice by combining STARR‐seq with FACS
Authors: Tian Wei , Huang Xi , Ouyang Xinhao 
Published: August 2022

SummarySelf‐transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR‐seq) is widely used to identify enhancers at the whole‐genome level. However, whether STARR‐seq works as efficiently in plants as in animal systems remains unclear. Here, we determined that the traditional STARR‐seq method can be directly applied to rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts to identify enhancers, though with limited efficiency. Intriguingly, we identified not only enhancers but also constitutive promoters with this technique. To increase the performance of STARR‐seq in plants, we optimized two procedures. We coupled fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS) with STARR‐seq to alleviate the effect of background noise, and we minimized PCR cycles and retained duplicates during prediction, which significantly increased the positive rate for activating regulatory elements (AREs). Using this method, we determined that AREs are associated with AT‐rich regions and are enriched for a motif that the AP2/ERF family can recognize. Based on GC content preferences, AREs are clustered into two groups corresponding to promoters and enhancers. Either AT‐ or GC‐rich regions within AREs could boost transcription. Additionally, disruption of AREs resulted in abnormal expression of both proximal and distal genes, which suggests that STARR‐seq‐revealed elements function as enhancers in vivo. In summary, our work provides a promising method to identify AREs in plants.