bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing queen genotypes by pool sequencing colonies in eusocial insects: Statistical Methods and their application to honeybee
Authors: Eynard Sonia E. , Vignal Alain , Basso Benjamin , Canale‐Tabet Kamila , Le Conte Yves , Decourtye Axel , Genestout Lucie , Labarthe Emmanuelle , Mondet Fanny , Servin Bertrand 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEusocial insects are crucial to many ecosystems, and particularly the honeybee (Apis mellifera). One approach to facilitate their study in molecular genetics, is to consider whole‐colony genotyping by combining DNA of multiple individuals in a single pool sequencing experiment. Cheap and fast, this technique comes with the drawback of producing data requiring dedicated methods to be fully exploited. Despite this limitation, pool sequencing data have been shown to be informative and cost‐effective when working on random mating populations. Here, we present new statistical methods for exploiting pool sequencing of eusocial colonies in order to reconstruct the genotypes of the queen of such colony. This leverages the possibility to monitor genetic diversity, perform genomic‐based studies or implement selective breeding. Using simulations and honeybee real data, we show that the new methods allow for a fast and accurate estimation of the queen's genetic ancestry, with correlations of about 0.9 to that obtained from individual genotyping. Also, it allows for an accurate reconstruction of the queen genotypes, with about 2% genotyping error. We further validate these inferences using experimental data on colonies with both pool sequencing and individual genotyping of drones. In brief, in this study we present statistical models to accurately estimate the genetic ancestry and reconstruct the genotypes of the queen from pool sequencing data from workers of an eusocial colony. Such information allows to exploit pool sequencing for traditional population genetics analyses, association studies and for selective breeding. While validated in Apis mellifera, these methods are applicable to other eusocial hymenopterans.
Pleural homocysteine for malignant pleural effusion: A prospective and double‐blind diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Cao Xi‐Shan , Zhao Wen , Wen Xu‐Hui , Han Yu‐Ling , Yan Li , Jiang Ting‐Wang , Huang Jin‐Hong , Chen Hong , Zheng Wen‐Qi , Hu Zhi‐De 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for discriminating malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and benign pleural effusion (BPE).MethodsA total of 194 patients from two cohorts (Hohhot and Changshu) with undiagnosed pleural effusion were prospectively enrolled. Their pleural homocysteine was measured, and its diagnostic accuracy and net benefit for MPE were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis, respectively.ResultsIn the Hohhot cohort (n = 136) and the Changshu cohort (n = 58), MPE patients had significantly higher homocysteine levels than BPE patients. The areas under the ROC curves of homocysteine for the diagnosis of MPE were 0.61 (p = 0.027) and 0.59 (p = 0.247), respectively. The decision curves of homocysteine were close to the reference line in both the Hohhot cohort and the Changshu cohort.ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for MPE was low.
Practitioner and digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in people not seeking alcohol treatment: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Beyer Fiona R. , Kenny Ryan P. W. , Johnson Eugenie , Caldwell Deborah M. , Garnett Claire , Rice Stephen , Simpson Julija , Angus Colin , Craig Dawn , Hickman Matt , Michie Susan , Kaner Eileen F. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of practitioner versus digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption.DesignSystematic review and network meta‐analysis comprising comprehensive search for randomised controlled trials, robust screening and selection methods and appraisal with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Network meta‐analyses were conducted in Stata using random effects, frequentist models. The confidence in network meta‐analysis (CINeMA) tool was used to assess confidence in effect sizes.SettingOnline or community or health settings where the intervention was immediately accessible without referral.ParticipantsNon treatment‐seeking hazardous or harmful drinkers.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was mean difference in alcohol consumption (g/wk); secondary outcome was number of single high intensity drinking episodes. Baseline consumption was analysed as a covariate.FindingsOf 201 included trials (94 753 participants), 152 reported a consumption outcome that could be converted to grams/week; 104 reported number of single high intensity drinking episodes. At 1 and 6 months, practitioner delivered interventions reduced consumption more than digitally delivered interventions (1 month: −23 g/wk (95% CI, −43 to −2); 6 months: −14 g/wk [95% CI, −25 to −3]). At 12 months there was no evidence of difference between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions (−6 g/wk [95% CI, −24 to 12]). There was no evidence of a difference in single high intensity drinking episodes between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions at any time point. Effect sizes were small, but could impact across a population with relatively high prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking. Heterogeneity was a concern. Some inconsistency was indicated at 1 and 6 months, but little evidence was apparent at 12 months.ConclusionPractitioner delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption are more effective than digitally delivered interventions up to 6 months; at 12 months there is no evidence of a difference.
Roan coat color in livestock
Authors: Voß Katharina , Blaj Iulia , Tetens Julia L. , Thaller Georg , Becker Doreen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince domestication, a wide variety of phenotypes including coat color variation has developed in livestock. This variation is mostly based on selective breeding. During the beginning of selective breeding, potential negative consequences did not become immediately evident due to low frequencies of homozygous animals and have been occasionally neglected. However, numerous studies of coat color genetics have been carried out over more than a century and, meanwhile, pleiotropic effects for several coat color genes, including disorders of even lethal impact, were described. Similar coat color phenotypes can often be found across species, caused either by conserved genes or by different genes. Even in the same species, more than one gene could cause the same or similar coat color phenotype. The roan coat color in livestock species is characterized by a mixture of white and colored hair in cattle, pig, sheep, goat, alpaca, and horse. So far, the genetic background of this phenotype is not fully understood, but KIT and its ligand KITLG (MGF) are major candidate genes in livestock species. For some of these species, pleiotropic effects such as subfertility in homozygous roan cattle or homozygous embryonic lethality in certain horse breeds have been described. This review aims to point out the similarities and differences of the roan phenotype across the following livestock species: cattle, pig, sheep, goat, alpaca, and horse; and provides the current state of knowledge on genetic background and pleiotropic effects.
Risk factors for acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction after caesarean section: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Ford Elisa , Bozin Michael , Shedda Susan , McCormick Jacob , Skandarajah Anita , Cade Thomas 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPregnancy and caesarean section are known to predispose to the development of acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (ACPO), a rare form of functional ileus of the distal large bowel. Pathogenesis of ACPO is likely influenced by pregnancy and childbirth and subsequent changes to hormonal, autonomic and metabolic physiology. Identifying pregnancy risk factors will assist with early identification, as the insidious onset postpartum often leads to delayed diagnosis and bowel ischaemia, perforation and sepsis.AimsTo establish pregnancy risk factors associated with the development of ACPO after caesarean section.Materials and MethodsA retrospective case–control study included 19 121 women undergoing caesarean between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016 at a tertiary referral hospital. Twenty‐three cases of computerised tomography (CT)‐diagnosed ACPO post‐caesarean were identified from hospital medical records and imaging databases. Controls were matched for gestational and maternal age within one week of delivery with a ratio of 1:3.ResultsThe incidence of ACPO was one in 800 caesarean sections. ACPO was significantly more likely to occur in women who had been administered opioid analgesia in labour (odds ratio (OR) 4.67, P = 0.04), and a trend for increased estimated blood loss (OR 1.01, P = 0.01). There was no increased risk associated with emergency or elective caesarean classification, previous abdominal surgery, type of anaesthesia, duration of labour, oxytocin augmentation, intrapartum fever, hypertensive disorders, diabetes in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, multiple gestation, fetal presentation or birthweight.ConclusionsRisk factors for developing ACPO post‐caesarean include opioid analgesia in labour and a trend for increased blood loss.
Effectiveness of ultrasound‐guided removal of intrauterine devices
Authors: Townsend Lynn , Luxford Elizabeth , Mizia Karen 
Published: July 2022

A retrospective review over 12 months was conducted to assess the success rates for ultrasound‐guided removal of an intrauterine device (IUD). Cases were broken up into two groups. There were 241 cases in which removal had been unsuccessful in the office setting. Where the strings were not visible the device was successfully removed in 97.7% of attempts. The second group had visible strings and 100% were successfully removed. The success rate for ultrasound‐guided removal of IUDs when the strings are not visible supports the pilot study published in 2012. This approach can successfully avoid the need for sedation and or hospital admission in over 97% of cases.
The checklist for administrative and research databases‐related studies: The ChARDS
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRetrospective healthcare databases are emerging sources for clinical research. However, there has been no standardized checklist to ensure the accurate acquisition and reporting of this data. We consulted experts, statisticians and searched for digital databases to develop a comprehensive checklist with a focus on the issues specific to studies performed on retrospective databases. The ChARDS (Checklist for Administrative and Research Databases related Studies) was developed that consists of 8 sections, 19 sub‐sections, and 57 questions. The major areas covered by the ChARDS include providing information on the data sources and guiding writing by simulating the headings of a manuscript. The ChARDS is designed to question authors on the need for the study, the relevance of the topic in light of prior literature, research design, selection of the sample, eligibility of participants, standardization of outcomes, appropriateness of statistical models, interpretation of data, resource valuation, reliability and reproducibility of results, and validity and generalization of key findings to the general population. The ChARDS intends to provide authors with a roadmap on the structured reporting of data and enable decision‐makers to evaluate its suitability for publication.
Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Huy Van , Ha Diep Hong , Dao An Thi Minh , Golley Rebecca K. , Scott Jane A. , Spencer John , Bell Lucinda , Devenish‐Coleman Gemma , Do Loc Giang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood.MethodsBy applying the Group‐based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories.ResultsEach approach identified three distinct trajectories of child's FSI from 1 to 5 years of age: (1) ‘low and fast increasing’, (2) ‘moderate and increasing’ and (3) ‘high and increasing’. The trajectory memberships were consistent across the three approaches, and were for the pairwise scenario (1) 15.1%, (2) 68.3% and (3) 16.6%; the partial or modified pairwise (1) 15.9%, (2) 64.1% and (3) 20.0%; and the listwise (1) 14.9%, (2) 64.9% and (3) 20.2% of children.ConclusionsGiven the comparability of the findings across the analytical approaches and the samples' characteristics between baseline and across different data collection waves, it is recommended that the pairwise approach be used in future analyses to optimize the sample size and statistical power when examining the relationship between FSI in the first years of life and health outcome such as dental caries.
Ridge augmentation using autologous concentrated growth factors enriched bone graft matrix versus guided bone regeneration using native collagen membrane in horizontally deficient maxilla: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aboelela Sarah Abd Allah , Atef Mohammed , Shawky Mohamed , Fattouh Hesham 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFacial resorption of maxillary alveolar ridges is a challenging situation for implant rehabilitation, which mandates a preparatory surgery of bone augmentation. Guided bone regeneration using a 1:1 mixture of autogenous particulate and anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) showed reliable outcomes in treating horizontally deficient ridges.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned into two groups; in the control group, the 1:1 mixture of particulate autogenous bone and ABBM was covered with native collagen membrane, while in the study group, it was mixed with autologous fibrin glue (AFG) to make a sticky bone that was covered by concentrated growth factor (CGF) membrane. For each proposed implant site, the average bone width gain was calculated preoperatively, immediately after augmentation and after 6 months. Implants were placed after 6 months and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured after insertion and after 6 more months.ResultsThe graft consolidation period went uneventful in both groups; however, two cases in the sticky bone group showed total resorption of the graft upon re‐entry. The mean horizontal bone width after 6 months was 9 mm ± 0.71 in the guided bone regeneration (GBR) group which was higher than 7.9 mm ± 0.92 for the sticky bone group. The mean primary stability was higher in the GBR group; 67.19 ± 2.23 compared to 66.7 ± 3.22 for the sticky bone group, while the mean secondary stability was higher in the sticky bone group; 72 ± 2.15 compared to 71.7 ± 2.27 for the GBR group. Results of Shapiro–Wilk's for bone width data and model residuals were both statistically not significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionComparing CGF membrane versus native collagen membrane as barriers for GBR showed no statistically significant difference regarding bone gain. However, from a clinical point of view, CGF membrane is not a predictable barrier for guided bone regeneration.
What Science Communication for Equitable Communication? From Conceptualizations to Reconceptualizations and Practices
Authors: Afonso Susana , Afonso Ana Sofia , Lopes Aurora Simões , de Souza Gonzalez Ana Carolina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile museum educators are essential to engage under‐served publics in science, their communication often reinforces dominant cultural norms and disengage visitors. Why are certain communication models so dominant and why are the cultural norms that underpin these so resistant to reconceptualisation? What conceptualizations about science communication are held by museum coordinators and how representative are they of the real practices? We explored these through an interpretative phenomenological approach in the context of a mobile museum with a social justice agenda. The analysis of museum coordinators' and museum educators' narratives, through the perspective of Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs), shows that coordinators hold two dichotomous ICMs: a dominant deficit model and a non‐dominant participatory ICM. The data from museum educators, however, indicate the coexistence of blended practices, which attempt at establishing dialogue, but fail to align with the participatory model. This shows the difficulty in reconceptualising the deficit ICM, as it is deeply rooted in long‐standing enlightenment project of museums and reinforced by organizational factors.
Invented Modernisms: Getting to Grips with Modernity in Three African State Buildings
Authors: Manful Kuukuwa , Batsani‐Ncube Innocent , Gallagher Julia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines recent attempts to create specifically African forms of modernist political architecture that draw on ‘traditional’ or ‘pre‐colonial’ aesthetic forms and ideas. Taking examples of three prestigious structures – the presidential palace in Ghana, the parliament in Malawi and the Northern Cape regional parliament in South Africa – the article shows how vernacular ideas have been incorporated into state‐of‐the‐art political architecture, producing new or explicitly ‘African’ forms of modernism. It explores how such buildings, which draw on ‘invented traditions’, are used alongside conventional, monolithic representations of the state to produce ‘invented modernisms’ that both uphold and question the African state as a project of modernity.
Transmodern Heritage as Radical Delinking from Modernity
Authors: Bialostocka Olga 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGuided by decolonial border thinking (Mignolo, 2007), this conceptual paper questions the rhetoric of alternative modernities proposed as a way of reclaiming the place of post/colonial heritage of Africa alongside the modern heritage in Africa. Interrogating modernity's European legacy, its precepts and the associated values, it proposes instead to define African heritage of the 19th and 20th century from the standpoint of “exteriority” and as an expression of transmodernity, in a move to delink it from the colonial matrix of power. Transmodern heritage, transversal and rooted in the decoloniality movement, represents an alternative to modernity that accounts for alterity affirmed as difference and provides space for manifold cultural expressions produced by African people liberated from modernity's colonial foundation and its vexing binary opposition of “traditional” and “modern”.
Mmila (the Road) and the Great Stoep
Authors: Koopedi Tsholofelo Joshua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores and questions the promise of service delivery and infrastructural upgrades made in the City of Ekurhuleni in postapartheid South Africa, its immateriality in relation to concepts of modern African heritage. The paper is drawn from my PhD research which compares how the roads and stormwater Repairs, and Maintenance Budget of the City of Ekurhuleni has been resourced, organized, and distributed across the city's townships since 2000. It interrogates the budget process and its effectiveness as a political tool – rather than a technical tool – that pursues spatial justice and transformation of these previously underdeveloped townships. Section 153(a) of the South African Constitution delegates a municipality to ‘structure and manage its administration and budgeting and planning processes to give priority to the basic needs of the community, and to promote the social and economic development of the community’.
Was David Hume a racist? Interpreting Hume's infamous footnote (Part I)
Authors: Asher Kendra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis is the first part of a two‐part article; the second part will appear in the October 2022 issue of Economic Affairs. In his essay ‘Of National Characters’, David Hume added a now‐infamous footnote denigrating African civilisations and black people in general. Hume is widely recognised as a critic of bigotry, yet his footnote is the height of bigotry, creating a tension. I argue that Hume often wrote in an ambiguous and occasionally contradictory fashion to draw readers with opposing views into his work, yet his true beliefs were sometimes hard to discern. This article examines a number of oddities and inconsistencies in Hume's writing on race, including a striking non sequitur within the footnote.
The different obligations owed to small groups, the poor – and to participants in the extended market order: Anscombe, Hayek, Hume and usury
Authors: Miller Robert C B 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBasing her arguments on Aristotle and Aquinas and the Catholic tradition, one of Britain's greatest twentieth‐century philosophers, Elizabeth Anscombe, sought to revive opposition to usury. Her claims are based on misunderstandings, but they raise the important issue, explored by Friedrich Hayek and discussed by David Hume, of the different obligations owed to people in dire circumstances and to small groups such as families – and to people in the extended market order. Usury, ‘demanding interest on the mere strength of a loan’, is legitimate but only in the extended market order – not usually in the case of family, friends and the poor or desperate.
An unexpected cause of colitis
Authors: Bnaya Alon , Benjaminov Ofer , Itzkowitz Eyal , Atrash Jawad , Abu‐Alfeilat Mohsen , Lybdeh Omar Abu , Shavit Linda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal manifestations are common among patients with advanced kidney disease. Common symptoms include poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Prevalent lesions include esophagitis, gastritis, and duodenitis. Uremia‐associated colitis is extremely rare. In this case report we present a young patient who present with end‐stage kidney disease of unknown origin accompanied by abdominal pain and vomiting. Computed tomography showed severe bowel wall thickening of the colon. Due to extreme uremic state uremia‐associated colitis was suspected and hemodialysis was initiated immediately, resulted in clinical and radiology improvement.