bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context‐dependent demographic and genetic effects of translocation from a captive breeding project
Authors: Wallén J. , Norén K. , Angerbjörn A. , Eide N. E. , Landa A. , Flagstad Ø. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTranslocations are a widespread approach to conserve threatened populations. Given the rapid decline and genetic deterioration of many natural populations, translocations are expected to become even more common in the future. The success of translocations is, however, dependent on multiple context‐dependent factors, such as demographic and genetic status, habitat quality and animal behaviour. The Scandinavian arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) exists in a small, fragmented population that is demographically vulnerable and exposed to inbreeding depression. In the early 2000 s, releases of arctic foxes from the Norwegian Captive Breeding Programme were initiated with the purpose of reintroducing populations to formerly inhabited areas and promoting connectivity. Since 2008/2009, 61 foxes have been released in Junkeren, Norway to re‐establish an unoccupied area. We used a combination of field observations and microsatellite genotyping from the release site and two neighbouring subpopulations to investigate (i) the probability of establishment and reproduction for released foxes at the release site and in neighbouring subpopulations, and (ii) the impact on litter size and genetic composition in the recipient populations. Results showed that 18% of the released foxes were established at the release site, or in neighbouring subpopulations and 11.5% reproduced successfully. The extent of post‐release dispersal into neighbouring subpopulations was also relatively high (11.5%). During the study period, the number of litters more than doubled in the subpopulations with released foxes contributing 29.5% to this increase, but no clear effect of immigration on litter size was found. There was a slight increase in genetic variation in one of the subpopulations, and a significant decline in genetic divergence between subpopulations. We conclude that despite extensive releases, demographic and genetic effects were highly context‐dependent. This study highlights the challenges of reinforcement programmes in small populations and reintroductions to unoccupied sites, especially for highly mobile species in a fragmented landscape.
Closed‐loop automated oxygen control in ventilated infants born at or near term: A crossover trial
Authors: Kaltsogianni Ourania , Dassios Theodore , Lee Rebecca , Harris Christopher , Greenough Anne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo determine if the use of closed‐loop automated oxygen control (CLAC) reduced the incidence and duration of hypoxemic episodes (SpO2 < 92%) in ventilated infants born at or above 34 weeks of gestation.MethodsInfants were studied on two consecutive days for 6 h each day. They were randomised to receive standard care (manual oxygen control) or standard care with a CLAC system (automated oxygen control) first.ResultsSixteen infants with a median (IQR) gestational age of 37.4 (36.6–38.8) weeks were studied at a median (IQR) postmenstrual age of 38.8 (37.4–39.8) weeks. During the automated oxygen control period, infants spent less time in hypoxemia (SpO2 < 92%) (p = 0.033), episodes of desaturation were shorter (p = 0.001), the time spent within target SpO2 range (92%–96%) was increased (p = 0.001), and the FiO2 delivery was lower (p = 0.018). The time spent in hyperoxemia (SpO2 > 96%) was reduced during automated oxygen control (p = 0.011), the episodes of hyperoxemia were of shorter duration (p = 0.008) and fewer manual adjustments were made to the FiO2 (p = 0.005).ConclusionsClosed‐loop automated oxygen control in ventilated infants born at or near term was associated with a reduction in the incidence and duration of hypoxemic episodes with more time spent in the target oxygen range.
The impact of family size on child investment in Thailand: Revisiting with an alternative approach
Authors: Sirisankanan Aeggarchat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost economics research have concentrated on testing the quality–quantity (QQ) model through the relationship between family size and children's schooling. Much less effort has been given to comparing the child quality and child quantity income elasticities. Using the Thai household socioeconomic panel surveys, this paper examines the trade‐off between the quality and quantity of children by comparing the child quality and child quantity income elasticities. According to the theoretical prediction, the results showed that quality income elasticity was evidently higher than quantity income elasticity. Moreover, quality income elasticity was higher than quantity income elasticity even if permanent income was also controlled.
The Dutch list of essential drugs for undergraduate medical education: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Donker Erik M. , Pandit Rahul , Poleij Merel C. S. , Brinkman David J. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , van Rosse Floor , Dumont Glenn , Kramers Cornelis , Atiqi Roya , Richir Milan C. , van Smeden Jeroen , Hessel Marleen H. M. , Janssen Ben J. , Knol Wilma , Tichelaar Jelle ,   the Pharmacotherapy Education working group of the Dutch Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmacy and its affiliated Dutch Network of Clinical Pharmacology Teachers
Published: November 2022

AimsPrescribing errors among junior doctors are common in clinical practice because many lack prescribing competence after graduation. This is in part due to inadequate education in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CP&T) in the undergraduate medical curriculum. To support CP&T education, it is important to determine which drugs medical undergraduates should be able to prescribe safely and effectively without direct supervision by the time they graduate. Currently, there is no such list with broad‐based consensus. Therefore, the aim was to reach consensus on a list of essential drugs for undergraduate medical education in the Netherlands.MethodsA two‐round modified Delphi study was conducted among pharmacists, medical specialists, junior doctors and pharmacotherapy teachers from all eight Dutch academic hospitals. Participants were asked to indicate whether it was essential that medical graduates could prescribe specific drugs included on a preliminary list. Drugs for which ≥80% of all respondents agreed or strongly agreed were included in the final list.ResultsIn all, 42 (65%) participants completed the two Delphi rounds. A total of 132 drugs (39%) from the preliminary list and two (3%) newly proposed drugs were included.ConclusionsThis is the first Delphi consensus study to identify the drugs that Dutch junior doctors should be able to prescribe safely and effectively without direct supervision. This list can be used to harmonize and support the teaching and assessment of CP&T. Moreover, this study shows that a Delphi method is suitable to reach consensus on such a list, and could be used for a European list.
Prognostic effects of the gastric mucosal microbiota in gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Jinpu , Xu Jiaren , Ling Zongxin , Zhou Xinxin , Si Yongqiang , Liu Xiaosun , Ji Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high incidence and mortality. Microbiota play a significant role in human health and disease. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the gastric microbiota in different stomach microhabitats. We used our previously published 16S rRNA gene sequence data. We retrospectively enrolled a cohort of 132 patients with GC with complete prognostic information and selected 78 normal tissues, 49 peritumoral tissues, and 112 tumoral tissues for microbiota analysis. Patients with different prognoses showed different gastric microbiota compositions and diversity. The association network of the abundant gastric microbiota was more complicated in patients with poor prognoses. In the peritumoral microhabitat of patients with good prognoses, Helicobacter was significantly increased, whereas Halomonas and Shewanella were significantly decreased relative to that in the peritumoral microhabitat of patients with poor prognoses. PiCRUSt analysis revealed that the peritumoral microbiota had more different Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways than did the tumoral and normal microbiota. This study evaluated the long‐term prognostic value of the gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with GC. These findings suggested that the characteristic alterations of the gastric mucosal microbiota may be markers for clinical outcomes in these patients.
TTI1 promotes non‐small‐cell lung cancer progression by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Xian , Yang Xin , Wu Zhi‐Bo , Liao Zhong‐Min , Wang Ding‐Guo , Chen Shi‐Wei , Lu Feng , Wu Yong‐Bing , Zhu Shu‐Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe role of TELO2‐interacting protein 1 (TTI1) in the progression of several types of cancer has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to estimate the expression and potential value of TTI1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The expression of TTI1 and its prognostic value in NSCLC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. To verify the bioinformatics findings, a tissue microarray containing 160 NSCLC and paired peritumoral tissues from NSCLC patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for TTI1. Subsequently, the roles of TTI1 in NSCLC cells were investigated in vivo by establishing xenograft models in nude mice and in vitro by transwell, CCK‐8, wound healing, and colony formation assays. In addition, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were applied to explore the underlying mechanism by which TTI1 promotes tumor progression. Finally, the relationship between TTI1 and Ki67 expression level in NSCLC was probed, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses were performed to assess the prognostic merit of TTI1 and Ki67 in NSCLC patients. We found that the expression of TTI1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to paired peritumoral tissues, which coincides with the bioinformatics findings from the TCGA and GEO databases. TTI1 was highly expressed in NSCLC patients with large tumors, advanced tumor stage, and lymphatic metastasis. In addition, the prognostic analysis identified TTI1 as an independent indication for poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. In vitro, upregulation of TTI1 in NSCLC cells could facilitate cell invasion, metastasis, viability, and proliferation. Mechanistically, our study verified that TTI1 could regulate mTOR activity, which has a pivotal role in human cancer. Consistently, the expressions of TTI1 and Ki67 had a positive relationship in NSCLC cells and tissues. Notably, patients with overexpression of TTI1 or Ki67 had a shorter overall survival rate and a higher disease‐free survival rate compared to patients with low expression of TTI1 or Ki67, and the combination of TTI1 and Ki67 was an independent parameter predicting the prognosis and recurrence of NSCLC patients. We conclude that TTI1 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by regulating mTOR activity, and the combination of TTI1 and Ki67 is a valuable molecular biomarker for the survival and recurrence of NSCLC patients.
Association of hospital volume with postoperative outcomes in Crohn's disease
Authors: Williams Hannah , Alabbadi Sundos , Khaitov Sergey , Egorova Natalia , Greenstein Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimMost patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery during their lifetime. While the literature has shown that certain cancer patients have superior postoperative outcomes at high‐volume hospitals, there remains a paucity of data on the hospital volume–outcome relationship in CD. Given the complexities in both medical and surgical management, this study aims to determine whether patients with CD have superior postoperative outcomes at high‐volume hospitals.MethodA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing abdominal surgery for CD in New York hospitals between 2012 and 2018 was performed using data from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperation System. Outcomes included postoperative mortality, 30‐day readmission and postoperative complications. Using a penalized B‐spline plot, high‐volume centres were defined as those performing more than 160 abdominal surgeries for CD each year.ResultsA total of 13,221 surgeries were performed across 176 hospital centres in New York State. Of these, 73.9% of procedures occurred at low‐volume centres. High‐volume hospitals had lower in‐hospital mortality (0.5% vs. 1.5%; p < 0.001) and 30‐day readmission rates (8.3% vs. 10.4%; p < 0.001) than low‐volume centres. Major postoperative complications and reoperation rates did not differ by hospital volume. On multivariate analysis, patients at high‐volume hospitals had lower odds of in‐hospital mortality (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38–0.75) and 30‐day readmission (OR 0.79, 95%CI 0.64–0.98). Hospital volume remained an independent predictor of 30‐day readmission for emergent admissions (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.85) and in‐hospital mortality for nonemergent admissions (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19–0.82).ConclusionPatients undergoing abdominal surgery for CD have lower odds of postoperative mortality and 30‐day readmission when the operation occurs at a high‐volume hospital. These findings suggest that surgical patients with CD may benefit from care at specialized centres.
RMCL: A deep learning based recursive malicious context learner in social networks
Authors: Tiwari Devisha Arunadevi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPropagation of malicious content and its promotion is a recurrent problem prominent in social networks. Detection and interactive labeling of malicious context promotion on‐the‐fly is a very challenging and difficult task due to the lack of complete knowledge about the underlying context. Modern research in this field use neural networks and text encoders to analyze the information dynamically which is inefficient, in terms of time‐space consumed in the overall process. This article proposes an online active learning system to label the data streams on‐the‐fly by sampling them in the form of tweet‐retweet‐follow (trf) sequences in social networks. A heuristically pretrained recursive malicious context learner is fixed for knowledge acquisition, data accommodation and pseudonymization in the form of a transformer in the tree structured recursive neural network. The data stream is trained using recursive bidirectional training to capture long‐term dependencies. The COVID‐19 data streams are selectively sampled on‐the‐fly using psycho linguistic words in the proposed experiment and are labeled deceptive/nondeceptive based on knowledge learned during pretraining. The proposed recursive malicious context learner successfully resolves the problem of on‐the‐fly‐interactive labeling of a dynamically changing data stream.
Sutimlimab provides clinically meaningful improvements in patient‐reported outcomes in patients with cold agglutinin disease: Results from the randomised, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 CADENZA study
Authors: Röth Alexander , Broome Catherine M. , Barcellini Wilma , Jilma Bernd , Hill Quentin A. , Cella David , Tvedt Tor Henrik Anderson , Yamaguchi Masaki , Lee Michelle , Shafer Frank , Wardęcki Marek , Jiang Xiaoyu , Patel Parija , Joly Florence , Weitz Ilene C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare chronic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, driven mainly by classical complement pathway activation, leading to profound fatigue and poor quality of life. In the Phase 3 CADENZA trial, sutimlimab—a C1s complement inhibitor—rapidly halted haemolysis, increased haemoglobin levels and improved fatigue versus placebo in patients with CAD without a recent history of transfusion. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) included Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue), 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12), EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and Patient Global Impression of (fatigue) Severity (PGIS). Sutimlimab resulted in significant rapid and meaningful improvements versus placebo in PROs. From Week 1, the FACIT‐Fatigue mean score increased >5 points above baseline (considered a clinically important change [CIC]). Least‐squares (LS) mean change in FACIT‐Fatigue score from baseline to treatment assessment timepoint was 10.8 vs. 1.9 points (sutimlimab vs. placebo; p < 0.001). Improvements in physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores of the SF‐12 were also considered CICs (LS mean changes from baseline to Week 26: PCS 5.54 vs. 1.57 [p = 0.064]; MCS 5.65 vs. –0.48 [p = 0.065]). These findings demonstrate that in addition to improving haematologic parameters, sutimlimab treatment demonstrates significant patient‐reported benefits. Study registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03347422.
Systemic light chain amyloidosis myopathy responsive to daratumumab monotherapy
Authors: Chitimus Diana Maria , Berling Edouard , Garderet Laurent , Venturelli Nadia , Malfatti Edoardo , Authier François Jérôme , Nicolas Guillaume , Laforêt Pascal , Lefeuvre Claire 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAmyloid myopathy is a rare and severe manifestation of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Early diagnosis and staging are mandatory for optimal therapy, given the rapid progression of muscle weakness. Despite the efficacy of bortezomib‐based treatment regimens, there is a lack of therapeutic alternatives in non‐responsive patients.MethodThe case report of a patient with systemic AL amyloidosis myopathy treated with daratumumab is presented.ResultsA 70‐year‐old man displayed severe proximal muscle weakness which had developed over a 10‐month period. Blood tests revealed an immunoglobulin A lambda monoclonal gammopathy, whilst muscle biopsy showed amyloid deposits within the arteriolar walls, confirming the diagnosis of amyloid myopathy associated with AL amyloidosis. Initial treatment with a bortezomib‐based regimen showed no clinical or hematological improvement. After switching to daratumumab monotherapy, our patient achieved a favorable evolution with respect to functional muscle scoring and a complete hematological response.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of an amyloid myopathy showing a remarkable clinical improvement in response to daratumumab monotherapy. It thereby highlights the potential of daratumumab as a monotherapeutical approach to the treatment of amyloid myopathy complicating AL amyloidosis.
Outcome of partial and full pulpotomy in cariously exposed mature molars with symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jassal Ashima , Nawal Ruchika Roongta , Yadav Seema , Talwar Sangeeta , Yadav Sudha , Duncan Henry Fergus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic outcome of partial pulpotomy and full pulpotomy using Biodentine in cariously exposed mature molar teeth with symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyThis study is an unicentric, double‐arm, randomized superiority clinical trial with parallel experimental groups, registered under CTRI (CTRI/2019/12/022559). Fifty mature permanent molar teeth with carious exposures with symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis were randomly allocated equally into two groups. Partial pulpotomy (PP) and full pulpotomy (FP) were performed in the first and second group, respectively, following standardized protocols. Exposed pulp tissue was removed up to a depth of 2–3 mm for partial pulpotomy, whereas complete coronal pulp tissue was removed up to the level of root orifices for full pulpotomy. Haemostasis was achieved with placement of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite‐moistened cotton pellets placed on amputated pulp tissue for a maximum of 10 min. Biodentine was used as the pulp capping material. Pain scores were evaluated using 11‐point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) preoperatively, at 24 h, 48 h and 7th day after the intervention(s). Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The data were statistically analysed using chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Friedman's test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The significance level was pre‐determined at p < .05. Cumulative survival probabilities were assessed at 12 months using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsIntra‐group analysis of pain scores revealed significant reduction in pain scores preoperatively and at 24 h, 48 h and 7th day in both the groups. However, the difference in the pain score(s) reduction between both the groups was not statistically significant at any time interval (p > .05). At 1‐year follow‐up, the success rate was 88% (22/25) and 91.6% (22/24) for PP and FP respectively (p > .05).ConclusionsPartial pulpotomy showed comparable results to full pulpotomy in terms of clinical/radiographic treatment outcome. If the long‐term results remain the same, partial pulpotomy can be proposed as an alternative treatment modality for mature teeth with cariously exposed pulp tissue presenting with signs of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Does it burn? The effect of guar gum addition on ginger beer's sensory properties
Authors: Knowles Sophie , Gorman Mackenzie , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryConsumer demand for ginger beer has grown within the last few years due to health benefits associated with ginger consumption identified in recent studies and its low‐calorie content. However, non‐alcoholic ginger beer, like other non‐alcoholic beverages, does not possess the same mouthfeel as its alcoholic counterparts. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of guar gum impacted the sensory perception, spiciness, and consumer acceptability of non‐alcoholic ginger beer. Two different formulations of ginger beer were created, one without the addition of guar gum (control) and the other with 1.9 g/L guar gum added. Samples, along with carbonated water, were presented in pairs with a 20‐s wait and no‐rinse in between to observe sensitisation and desensitisation. The participants (n = 103) evaluated each sample for spiciness, burning or stinging sensation, along with bitterness, sweetness, sourness, overall flavour intensity, liking of flavour and mouthfeel, and overall liking. The addition of guar gum significantly impacted the perception of spiciness, burning, and stinging sensation in addition to the overall flavour intensity. The guar gum addition also negatively impacted the acceptability of the ginger beer.
Structural changes of cellulosic polysaccharides in sesame kernels during roasting
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yan , Zhao Xiao‐Juan , Qin Jing‐Wen , Qin Zhao , Liu Hua‐Min , Ma Yu‐Xiang , Wang Xue‐De 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis study investigated the structural changes of sesame kernel cellulosic polysaccharides during roasting and identified the volatile products produced from the degradation of cellulosic polysaccharides. The results showed that rhamnose and galacturonic acid of cellulosic polysaccharides were more susceptible to non‐enzymatic browning reaction than glucose. The degradation of cellulosic polysaccharides in the roasting temperature range of 180–220°C resulted in decreasing in their molecular weight from 163 270 to 125 477 Da. The crystallinity increased from 16.4% to 32.5% revealing that mainly the amorphous regions of cellulosic polysaccharides were degraded during roasting. In addition, the volatiles from degradation of the amorphous region were rich in aldehydes (10.17–33.33%) and furans (12.84–41.55%). This study provides a new perspective for improving the quality of sesame kernel products in the food industry.