bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Its Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Shehzadi Iram , Gorsi Naqash Siddique , Khalid Waqas Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives: The basic aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among hospitalized patients in local hospital of Pakistan.
Methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted in Jinnah Hospital Lahore during June 2019 to June 2020.
Results: This study includes 200 patients who were admitted in Jinnah hospital, Lahore. We collect and analyze the data and find the mean values of age, BMI, patient’s income status, economic status and some other socio-demographical values of patients. The data represents that the most frequent reason of admitted in hospital is some kind of gastrointestinal issues. It was also noted that the median length of hospital stay was 7-8 days in 75% of the patients.
Conclusion: It is concluded that depression is a great factor which contribute towards the hospitalized patients suffering. Hospitalized patients were at higher risk for anxiety if they were physically inactive and stayed 8 days or longer in hospital. The risk for depression was higher in patients with a low income and older patients.
In Situ Formation of 3D ZIF‐8/MXene Composite Coating for High‐Performance Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Liu Jinshuai , Chen Song , Shang Wenshuo , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn batteries have garnered a great deal of attention owing to environmental benefits, intrinsic safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the commercial viability of these batteries is hindered by Zn anode issues, including dendrite formation and side reactions. Herein, the authors modulate the deposition behavior of Zn2+ ions through a 3D ZIF‐8@MXene (Z@M) composite coating. The Z@M coating can effectively reduce the contact area with the electrolyte, inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn corrosion. Notably, theoretical calculations and in situ experimental observations of Zn deposition reveal that the dual coordination mechanism of MXene and ZIF‐8 significantly improves the adsorption energy of Zn atoms. This improved capacity to capture Zn2+ ions will promote the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ ions, resulting in a dendrite‐free deposition process. Therefore, in a symmetry cell, the Z@M‐Zn anode demonstrates an impressive cycle life of 1050 h at 1 mA cm−2. When applies in an aqueous Zn‐I2 battery, the Z@M‐Zn anode demonstrates a remarkable lifespan of over 2400 cycles at 5 C. This work provides a straightforward approach to designing reversible Zn anode, offering promising potential for broader applications across various metal‐based anode systems.
Bioinspired Liquid Pockets with Externally Induced Internal Microscale Flow
Authors: Xu Lian , Wu Feng , Shen Yigang , Fan Yi , Wang Shuli , Hou Xu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe gastric mucosal barrier, through its gastric pits, serves as a pathway for secretions, ensuring that mucus produced by the gastric glands is transferred to the gastric lumen, providing stable protection. Here a bioinspired liquid pockets material is shown, composed of a thermo‐driven hydrogel that acts as an external activation unit to release interflowing liquid responsively, and porous matrices that serve as interconnected pockets to transfer it, enabling controlled internal flow and adaptive barrier functionality. Experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrate the stability and regulatory mechanisms of these liquid pockets, based on the interconnected pockets between the external activation unit and internal fluid flow. It exhibits a new pathway for regulating microscale flow at responsive material interfaces, enabling applications from sequential drug release, self‐cleaning, and antifouling to anti‐swelling. These unique capabilities address long‐standing challenges in microscale flow control, with potential impacts in diverse fields including microfluidics, drug delivery, medical devices, 3D printing, and beyond.
Additive Manufacturing of Stretchable Zipping Electrostatic Actuators through Spray Encapsulation of a Frozen Liquid
Authors: Grasso Giulio , Rosset Samuel , Shea Herbert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe fabrication of soft fluid‐filled systems with mm or sub‐mm scale features such as tuneable lenses, microfluidic tactile sensors, and electrohydraulic zipping actuators often relies on manual filling. This final step of injecting fluid limits throughput and repeatability. This study presents an additive manufacturing process to create complex stretchable systems in which the liquid is directly printed as part of the fabrication process. The devices actuate straight out of the printing setup, with no further filling or sealing steps. In our fully printed approach for multi‐layered structures, the key steps are the deposition of precisely shaped liquid droplets with sub‐µL resolution, followed by their encapsulation using a freezing process to allow printing or spraying over the temporarily solid fluid drops. Printing both the fluid and the structure has advantages of: a) no filing channel, enabling very high fill‐factors; b) design freedom as each device in array can be filled with a different volume; c) accuracy in filling. We demonstrate this process by printing arrays of 5 mm diameter stretchable hydraulically amplified taxels (HAXELs), consisting of nine flexible layers, with the working fluid included as part of the printing process.
End‐to‐End Crystal Structure Prediction from Powder X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Lai Qingsi , Xu Fanjie , Yao Lin , Gao Zhifeng , Liu Siyuan , Wang Hongshuai , Lu Shuqi , He Di , Wang Liwei , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Cheng , Ke Guolin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPowder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) is a prevalent technique in materials characterization. While the analysis of PXRD often requires extensive human manual intervention, and most automated method only achieved at coarse‐grained level. The more difficult and important task of fine‐grained crystal structure prediction from PXRD remains unaddressed. This study introduces XtalNet, the first equivariant deep generative model for end‐to‐end crystal structure prediction from PXRD. Unlike previous crystal structure prediction methods that rely solely on composition, XtalNet leverages PXRD as an additional condition, eliminating ambiguity and enabling the generation of complex organic structures with up to 400 atoms in the unit cell. XtalNet comprises two modules: a Contrastive PXRD‐Crystal Pretraining (CPCP) module that aligns PXRD space with crystal structure space, and a Conditional Crystal Structure Generation (CCSG) module that generates candidate crystal structures conditioned on PXRD patterns. Evaluation on two MOF datasets (hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400) demonstrates XtalNet's effectiveness. XtalNet achieves a top‐10 Match Rate of 90.2% and 79% for hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400 in conditional crystal structure prediction task, respectively. XtalNet enables the direct prediction of crystal structures from experimental measurements, eliminating the need for manual intervention and external databases. This opens up new possibilities for automated crystal structure determination and the accelerated discovery of novel materials.
Age at Menarche Is Associated With Leg‐Length Components Among the Adolescent Girls in West Bengal, India
Authors: Bala Priyanka , Das Niladri , Kociuba Marek , Bose Kaushik , Koziel Slawomir , Chakraborty Raja 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between early age at menarche (AAM) and body height (HT), including its different segments has not been extensively studied among non Western populations. Lengths of the lower (distal) part of the leg, such as knee HT (KH) and tibial length (TbL), are considered to be sensitive indicators of living conditions during early growth and development. Life history theory predicts that within a survival challenge the growth of vital parts of the body shall be prioritized over less essential parts. The present study hypothesized that earlier age at menarche would be associated with shorter tibial length in resource constrained settings.AimTo investigate the potential associations of menarcheal age with HT, KH, TbL, and other linear components of HT among the Bengalee schoolgirls aged 10–13 years.MethodsAmong the 208 girls aged 10–13 years, menarcheal status and age at menarche were determined by status quo and retrospective methods, respectively. Lower leg length was represented by two measures, KH and the supracutaneous measure of TbL. The differences in HT, sitting HT (SH), total leg length (LL), thigh length (TL), KH, and TbL, between pre‐menarcheal‐(PMG) and post‐menarcheal girls (POMG), as well as between earlier menarcheal‐(EMG) and later menarcheal girls (LMG), were assessed by student t‐test and analysis of covariance.ResultsThe POMG were heavier, taller and had higher adiposity than their PMG peers, without showing any significant age‐difference. HT, knee HT, TbL, and TbL to HT ratio showed significant differences between the EMG and LMG. The EMG showed lower values for all of those measures and the strongest difference was observed for TbL. However, there were no significant differences in SH and SHR between EMG and LMG.ConclusionsThe study indicated a possible effect of early AAM on growth of distal body parts in a resource poor socioeconomic condition. Further studies on the relationship between growth and AAM among different populations living in different socio‐ecological conditions could be worth conducting.
Photocatalytic Csp2−H Amination of Hydrazones with N‐aminopyridinium Salts
Authors: Srivastava Oj Shikhar , Kant Ruchir , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe current approach describes Csp2−H amination of aldehyde‐derived hydrazones via nitrogen centred radical generation from N‐aminopyridinium salts under photocatalytic conditions. The scope of reaction is wide in terms of both the substrates and most of the products were isolated in good yields furnishing Z‐isomer exclusively. Further, aminated hydrazones were hydrolyzed to give amides resulting into indirect Csp2−H amination of aldehydes.
Effects of an Extreme Weather Event on Primate Populations
Authors: Beardmore‐Herd Megan , Palmer Meredith S. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Carvalho Susana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesWith contemporary, human‐induced climate change at a crisis point, extreme weather events (e.g., cyclones, heatwaves, floods) are becoming more frequent, intense, and difficult to predict. These events can wreak rapid and significant changes on ecosystems; thus, it is imperative to understand how wildlife communities respond to these disruptions. Primates are perceived as being a largely adaptable order, but we often lack the quantitative data to rigorously assess how they are impacted by extreme environmental change. Leveraging detections from a long‐term camera trap survey, this opportunistic study reports the effects of an extreme weather event on a little‐studied population of free‐ranging primates in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.Materials and MethodsWe examined shifts in gray‐footed chacma baboon (Papio ursinus griseipes) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) spatial distribution and relative abundance following Cyclone Idai—a category four tropical cyclone that struck Mozambique in March 2019.ResultsBaboon spatial distributions were impacted in the first month after the cyclone, with more detections in areas where flooding was less severe. Spatial distributions renormalized once floodwaters began to recede. We describe vervet monkey spatial distribution trends, though sample size limitations inhibited statistical analysis. Primate relative abundance did not appear to substantially decrease following the cyclone, suggesting troops were able to adopt behavioral adjustments to evade rising floodwaters.DiscussionThese findings highlight the behavioral flexibility of Gorongosa's primates and their ability to adapt to extreme—if temporary—disruptions, with implications for primate conservation in the Anthropocene and research into how rapid climatic events may have shaped primate evolution.
Impact of Sinus Surgery on Nasal Discharge in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kallenberger Ethan M. , Briggs Erin E. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ripp Asher T. , Duffy Alexander N. , Schafer Isabella V. , Soler Zachary M. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNasal discharge is one of the cardinal symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, impacting over 50% of patients. For patients with symptoms refractory to standard medical therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery is an option. The objective of this study is to characterize how nasal discharge improves after surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsThe literature was searched for articles reporting nasal discharge symptom data both at baseline and after surgery. Specific symptoms of interest on the 22‐item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT‐22) were “need to blow nose,” “runny nose,” “postnasal discharge,” and “thick nasal discharge.” SNOT‐22 scores ranged from 0 to 5 based upon severity. Visual analog scale equivalents were recorded when available. ResultsA total of 16 studies (n = 7193) were included in the analysis. All four nasal discharge questions on the SNOT‐22 saw significant improvement, with need to blow nose (‒1.8 [95% confidence interval, CI: ‒2.3, ‒1.2]) and runny nose (‒1.8 [95% CI: ‒1.9, ‒1.1]) seeing the largest benefit. Patients with nasal polyps saw more improvement than those without polyps. The difference between polyp and no polyp groups was significant for need to blow nose (‒1.9 vs. ‒1.0, p < 0.001) and runny nose (‒1.8 vs. ‒1.0, p < 0.0001). Patients undergoing index or revision surgery all saw significant improvement in symptoms.ConclusionSurgery for chronic rhinosinusitis improves nasal discharge globally, with particular benefit to need to blow nose and runny nose on the SNOT‐22. Patients with nasal polyps see larger degrees of improvement compared to those without polyps. However, patients without nasal polyps also experience significant improvement in discharge.
Lecanemab‐Associated Amyloid‐β Protofibril in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlates with Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Noguchi‐Shinohara Moeko , Shuta Kazuyoshi , Murakami Hidetomo , Mori Yukiko , Komatsu Junji , Kobayashi Chizuru , Hersch Steven , Horie Kanta , Ono Kenjiro 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe Clarity AD phase III trial showed that lecanemab reduced amyloid markers in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and resulted in less decline on measures of cognition and function than placebo. Herein, we aimed to characterize amyloid‐β (Aβ) protofibril (PF) captured by lecanemab in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from living participants with different stages in AD, which enable an enhanced understanding of the dynamic changes of lecanemab‐associated Aβ‐PF (Lec‐PF) in vivo.MethodsWe newly developed a unique and highly sensitive immunoassay method using lecanemab that selectively captures Lec‐PF. The CSF level of Lec‐PF, Aβ42, Aβ40, p‐tau181, p‐tau 217, total tau, and neurogranin were measured in Japanese participants (n = 163). The participants in this study consisted of 48 cognitively unimpaired Aβ‐negative (CU–), 8 cognitively impaired diagnosed as suspected non‐Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, 9 cognitively unimpaired Aβ‐positive (CU+), 34 Aβ‐positive with mild cognitive impairment (MCI+), and 64 Aβ‐positive with AD dementia (AD+).ResultsThe CSF Lec‐PF levels significantly increased in the groups of MCI+ and AD+ compared with CU– group. Notably, CSF Lec‐PF showed modest correlation with plaque‐associated biomarkers in Aβ‐positive participants and stronger correlation with neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as CSF total tau and neurogranin, suggesting that CSF Lec‐PF levels proximally reflect neurodegeneration as well as the amount of senile amyloid plaques.InterpretationThis is the first report describing Aβ‐PF species captured by lecanemab in human CSF and supporting that Lec‐PF is correlated with neurodegeneration in AD and may explain the mechanism of the clinical effect of lecanemab. ANN NEUROL 2025
Artificial Metalloenzymes with Two Catalytic Cofactors for Tandem Abiotic Transformations
Authors: Wang Weijin , Tachibana Ryo , Zhang Kailin , Lau Kelvin , Pojer Florence , Ward Thomas R. , Hu Xile 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) enable the integration of abiotic cofactors within a native protein scaffold, allowing for non‐natural catalytic activities. Previous ArMs, however, have primarily relied on single cofactor systems, limiting them to only one catalytic function. Here we present an approach to construct ArMs embedding two catalytic cofactors based on the biotin‐streptavidin technology. By incorporating multiple catalytic cofactors into the four binding sites of streptavidin, we engineered programmable ArMs for tandem abiotic transformations including an enantioselective formal C−H hydroxylation and a photooxidation‐Michael addition. This work thus outlines a promising strategy for the development of ArMs embedding multiple cofactors.
Dual‐Mode Fluorescence Sensing of Multiple Oxidizing Analytes by Selective Oxidation of Poly(N‐Phenyl Anthranilic Acid‐Co‐o‐Phenylenediamine) Random Copolymers
Authors: Rohini Das K. , Anjana I. , Jinish Antony M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe report a dual‐mode fluorescence sensing of multi‐analytes like silver and permanganate ions by adopting a selective oxidation strategy in poly(N‐phenyl anthranilic acid‐co‐o‐phenylenediamine) copolymer. The P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers were synthesized by in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of N‐phenyl anthranilic acid (NPA) and o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) comonomers using ferric chloride as oxidizing agent. Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the higher reactivity of NPA compared to OPD in P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers. Monomer reactivity ratios calculated from the Fineman–Ross method also indicated the higher reactivity of NPA monomer in copolymerization. Powder X‐ray diffractograms and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms revealed the development of crystallinity in copolymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopic images (FE‐SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopic images (HR‐TEM) revealed the morphological transformation of semi‐micro‐spherical‐shaped poly‐N‐phenyl anthranilic acid and micro‐rod‐shaped poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (POPD) into micro‐blocks/microrod‐shaped P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers. Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (POPD) has a yellow emission, and poly‐N‐phenyl anthranilic acid (PNPA) has a blue emission in the neutralized medium. The blue emission was dominated in copolymers due to the higher PNPA fragments than the POPD fragments in the copolymer chain, except for P(NPA‐co‐OPD) 10:90, which has yellow emission due to the dominant OPD fragments in the copolymer. The fluorescence properties of copolymer P(NPA‐co‐OPD) 10:90 were selectively tuned from yellow to blue by adding AgNO3, indicating the semi‐oxidation of POPD fragments in the copolymer and, subsequently, blue to colorless by adding acidified KMnO4, indicating complete oxidation of both POPD and PNPA fragments in the copolymer. The selective fluorescence response suggests the ability of the copolymer to distinguish between mild or strong oxidizing agents via selective oxidation.
Unveiling the Adsorption‐Desorption Mechanism in Phosphorus‐Doped Activated Carbon for Enhanced Double‐Layer Pouch‐Cell Supercapacitors
Authors: Lei Jie , Li Shenglong , Liu Yanchen , Wang Taoxiang , Li Jin , Gu Minghui , Pu Hengjian , Li Kang , Zhai Teng , Chen Hui , Xia Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) suffers from low energy density in the organic system of electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Currently, the research spotlight for enhancing the specific capacitance of AC in EDLC is to optimize the pore size distribution and enhance the specific surface area, but the increase of porosity in turn decreases the conductivity of AC. The surface modification is an effective strategy to improve the surface properties of carbon electrodes and enhance electrochemical performance. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction between AC surface and organic electrolyte. In this work, we have developed a phosphorus doping aimed at modulation of adsorption/desorption dynamics of organic electrolytes on the AC electrode. It was found that the phosphorus‐carbon bonding increases the adsorbed amounts of TEA+/BF4− per unit surface area, altering the charge storage mechanism and leading to improved specific capacitance. Furthermore, we fabricated a symmetrical pouch‐cell supercapacitor with an energy density of 36.2 Wh kg−1. The capacitance retention of 93.7 % was maintained after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the charge storage dynamics in phosphorus‐doped AC and will guide the design of improved carbon‐based supercapacitors.
Synergy of Hydrophilic Properties and Antibacterial Inhibition in Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Mats Loaded With Croton Bonplandianum Baill Leaf Extract
Authors: Karim Md. Razaul , Hasan Saeed , Islam Md. Ariful , Uddin Md. Shahab , Salam Md. Abdus , Zakaria Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial nanofibrous mat is crucial in biomedicine as it enhances infection control, expedites wound healing, and mitigates health hazards by decreasing antibiotic usage. A novel synergistic antibacterial and hydrophilic nanofibrous mat successfully fabricated by solution electrospinning from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated Croton bonplandianum Baill (CBB) leaves extract. Antioxidant‐enriched leaf extract of the CBB plant was integrated with PVA in varying proportions of 30% (CBB‐30), 40% (CBB‐40), and 50% (CBB‐50) to manufacture antibacterial nanofibrous mat. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was recorded at 16, 18, and 21 mm for CBB‐30, CBB‐40, and CBB‐50, respectively. The wetted radius, a key parameter for moisture management properties, reached up to 20 mm for CBB‐40 and CBB‐50. This demonstrates the rapid absorption and quick‐drying characteristics, highlighting the exceptional hydrophilicity of the nanofibrous mat. The increased dozing of CBB extract into the PVA also reduced its fiber diameter. The diameters of pure PVA, CBB‐30, CBB‐40, and CBB‐50 were found as 396, 388, 279, and 241 nm, correspondingly. The developed nanofibrous mat, exhibiting ZOI of up to 21 mm, efficient moisture management properties, and a nanoscale fiber diameter of 241 nm, may possess significant uses in the biomedical domain.