bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular function is associated with cardiometabolic health markers: A cross‐sectional study of 2289 young men
Authors: Hansen Laura Smidt , Priskorn Lærke , Holmboe Stine A. , Jensen Tina Kold , Hansen Ann Holm , Andersson Anna‐Maria , Jørgensen Niels 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTesticular function, including compensated Leydig cell function, has been indicated to be an early marker of morbidity.ObjectiveTo study the association of testicular function and markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in a population of young men.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study of 2289 men (median age 19 years, 5–95 percentile 18.4–22.2) from the general population examined between 2012 and 2019. Participants answered a questionnaire, had a blood sample drawn for assessment of reproductive hormone levels and health markers (lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin), delivered a semen sample, underwent physical examination including blood pressure measurements, and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan for assessment of body composition. Associations were assessed in both crude and adjusted linear regression analyses.ResultsThe men were within the normal reference intervals of their age for reproductive and health biomarkers. Compared to the lowest quartile, having luteinizing hormone levels in the highest quartile was associated with higher mean arterial pressure (1.6 [95% confidence interval: 0.8; 2.5] mmHg), cholesterol (0.1 [95% confidence interval: 0.02; 0.18] mmol/L), and total body fat percentage (1.1 [95% confidence interval: 0.4; 1.8] %‐points). Higher serum testosterone levels were associated with more advantageous cardiometabolic health markers and higher total sperm count with a healthier body composition and lower glycosylated hemoglobin.Discussion and conclusionIn this study of young men, unselected regarding reproductive hormones and semen quality, higher luteinizing hormone was associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Higher testosterone and total sperm count were associated with more favorable cardiometabolic indices. Thus, serum reproductive hormones and semen quality may be early appearing biomarkers of cardiovascular health even among young healthy men, which could potentially be useful for preventive initiatives to reduce the excess mortality and morbidity risk among infertile men. However, our study was cross‐sectional and cannot determine causation. Future longitudinal studies of reproductive health in young men are warranted.
Assemblies, Coalitions, and Conflicts Over Free Speech: From “Trespass” to “Encroachment” in Urban Space at Hyde Park, London, 1861–1962
Authors: Roberts John Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy drawing, among others, on the ideas of the Bakhtin Circle and Judith Butler, this paper explores spatial struggles over the right to free speech at Hyde Park, London, 1861–1962. From the 1860s to the early 20th century, the state gradually constructed a “monologic” discourse about an ideal‐typical “indecent” speaker who would “trespass” on Hyde Park through their “excitable speech” against a legally sanctioned right to give a “public address” in the park. This discourse gave the state some room to evict those it claimed to be transgressing “public address”. However, different “heteroglossic coalitions” of regulars ensured that Hyde Park remained not only a “political assembly” to discuss political issues, but also a “social assembly” to exercise free speech on a range of social topics. Indeed, by the 1950s, these coalitions used a nearby road scheme to successfully argue it was the state that was potentially trespassing, or “encroaching”, on free speech at Hyde Park.
First impressions from faces in the real world: Commentary on Sutherland and Young (2022)
Authors: O'Toole Alice J. , Hu Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of first impressions from faces now emphasizes the need to understand trait inferences made to naturalistic face images (British Journal of Psychology, 113, 2022, 1056). Face recognition algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks simultaneously represent invariant, changeable and environmental variables in face images. Therefore, we suggest them as a comprehensive ‘face space’ model of first impressions of naturalistic faces. We also suggest that to understand trait inferences in the real world, a logical next step is to consider trait inferences made to whole people (faces and bodies). On the role of cultural contributions to trait perception, we think it is important for the field to begin to consider the way in which trait inferences motivate (or not) behaviour in independent and interdependent cultures.
Safeguarding sloths and anteaters in the future: Priority areas for conservation under climate change
Authors: Borges Christielly , Bertassoni Alessandra , Liévano‐Latorre Luisa F. , Dória Thaís Andrade Ferreira , Santos‐Silva Rejane , Miranda Flávia , Barreto Elisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSloths and anteaters form the monophyletic order Pilosa, which is currently represented by only 16 extant species distributed exclusively in the Neotropics. This present‐day low species richness is an inheritance of the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions, where over 65 Pilosa species known from the fossil record went extinct. The large number of species lost in the recent past suggests that this group is greatly vulnerable to extinction. Here, we propose long‐term priority conservation areas for the order Pilosa, considering different future climate change scenarios, biotic stability, and the multiple dimensions of the group's biodiversity, such as species richness, species endemism, and phylogenetic diversity. Projections of species distribution for future scenarios show increased fragmentation and clear habitat loss as the Amazon Forest is replaced by savanna‐like habitats. Conservation solutions were highly congruent for the different dimensions of biodiversity, with priority areas emerging mainly in the Atlantic Forest, Amazonian wetlands, highlands of Ecuador, and the Central American isthmus. Expanding the currently protected areas network by 6% with the proposed priority areas, independently of which future climatic scenario is considered, can increase sloths and anteaters' coverage in the future by 12%. As a group of high phylogenetic and ecological importance, future conservation planning should deliberately aim to protect areas favorable to Pilosa, especially given the current scenario of environmental dismantling and neglect of critical Neotropical biomes.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Attitudes toward persons with epilepsy as friends: Results of a factorial survey
Authors: Walther Katrin , Kriwy Peter , Stritzelberger Jenny , Graf Wolfgang , Gollwitzer Stefanie , Lang Johannes D. , Reindl Caroline , Schwab Stefan , Welte Tamara M. , Hamer Hajo. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiscrimination against persons with epilepsy (PWEs) may persist. The aim of this study was to examine whether epilepsy is an obstacle to desired friendship.MethodsA factorial survey (vignettes), which is less biased by social desirability, was applied to PWEs, their relatives, and lay persons. The vignettes described a person who was varied by the dimensions of age (younger, same age, older), gender (male, female), disease (healthy, mild epilepsy, severe epilepsy [generalized tonic–clonic seizures], diabetes), origin (German, non‐German), contact (phone/internet, activities at home, activities outside), frequency of contacts (weekly, monthly), and distance (around the corner, 10 km away). Respondents rated their willingness to befriend the person on a 10‐point Likert scale. Multivariate regression determined the contribution of each dimension on the judgment.ResultsParticipants were 64 PWEs (age = 37.1 ± 14.0 years), 64 relatives of PWEs (age = 45.1 ± 13.6 years), and 98 controls without contact with PWEs (age = 24.4 ± 10.1 years). Controls were less interested in a friendship with a PWE with mild epilepsy (−3.4%) and even more avoided PWEs with severe epilepsy (−11.7%), whereas in PWEs with tonic–clonic seizures, a mild form of epilepsy was actually conducive to friendship (+7.0%). Controls preferred females (+5.0%) and disliked younger people (−12.3%) and contacts via the internet or telephone (−7.3%). PWEs were also less interested in younger people (−5.8%), and relatives of PWEs had a lower preference for friendships with longer distance (−2.3%).SignificancePWEs still suffer from a risk of social avoidance, and this becomes more evident with generalized motor seizures.
Risk equivalence in data‐limited and data‐rich fisheries management: An example based on the ICES advice framework
Authors: Fischer Simon H. , De Oliveira José A. A. , Mumford John D. , Kell Laurence T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFisheries management needs to ensure that resources are exploited sustainably, and the risk of depletion is at an acceptable level. However, often uncertainty about resource dynamics exists, and data availability may differ substantially between fish stocks. This situation can be addressed through tiered systems, where tiers represent different data limitations, and tier‐specific stock assessment methods are defined, aiming for risk equivalence across tiers. As case studies, we selected stocks of European plaice, Atlantic cod and Atlantic herring, where advice is provided by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). We conducted a closed‐loop simulation to compare risk equivalence between the data‐rich ICES MSY rule, based on a quantitative stock assessment, and the revised data‐limited empirical management procedures of the ICES advice framework. The simulations indicated that the data‐limited approaches were precautionary and did not lead to a higher risk of depletion than the data‐rich approach. Although the catch based on generic data‐limited approaches was lower, stock‐specific optimisation improved management performance with catch levels comparable with the data‐rich approach. Furthermore, the simulation indicated the ICES MSY rule can fail to meet management objectives due to increased depletion risk when management reference points are set suboptimally. We conclude that the recent revisions of the ICES system explicitly account for risk equivalence for data‐limited fisheries management and are a major step forward. Finally, we advocate further consideration of simple empirical management procedures irrespective of data limitations due to their ability to meet fisheries management objectives with greater simplicity.
Developing a culture of nursing research through clinical‐academic partnership
Authors: McConkey Robert W. , Kelly Therese , Dalton Rachael , Rooney Geraldine , Healy Michelle , Murphy Louise , Dowling Maura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvidence based practice is essential to advanced practice nursing, enabling the delivery of quality care and improved patient outcomes. As the name suggests, it requires healthcare decisions to be based on the best available and current evidence. Advanced practice nurses need astute critical analysis skills to appraise the evolving literature, and require research skills to lead on scientific inquiry and develop the profession. Yet, advanced practice nurses may not recognize themselves as research leaders. Participation in a journal club can promote evidence‐based practice, improve clinician's critical thinking skills, and expose members to different research methodologies, however, nurses continue to face barriers to participation in these clubs. Establishing a clinical‐academic partnership appears to be both mutually beneficial for clinicians and academics and is a significant enabler in the sustainability and functioning of the club through sharing expertise and experience. A supportive workplace culture is favourable to research utilization and knowledge translation. This paper outlines the role, practicalities, challenges, and benefits of setting up a hybrid urology journal and research club for advanced practice nurses in a clinical‐academic partnership.
Use of topical morphine gel in epidermolysis bullosa wounds—A series of case studies
Authors: Snelson Karen , Downe Annette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the use of topical morphine gel has increased in the palliative care setting to reduce pain in chronic wounds and fungating tumours. However, there is a paucity of evidence to support its effectiveness. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic skin fragility disorder characterised by painful chronic wounds. Adequate control of wound pain can be challenging in this patient group due to other complexities associated with the more severe sub‐types of the disease. Topical morphine gel has been used as an adjunct therapy in a small number of EB patients in our tertiary centre in an attempt to improve pain control and quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of topical morphine gel used in a variety of EB wounds as well as patient reported reduction in pain through a series of case studies. The case studies suggest a positive effect of topical morphine gel on painful wounds across a spectrum of EB subtypes.
Impact of technology on social isolation: Longitudinal analysis from the National Health Aging Trends Study
Authors: Umoh Mfon E. , Prichett Laura , Boyd Cynthia M. , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation is a key public health concern and has been associated with numerous negative health consequences. Technology is increasingly thought of as a solution to address social isolation. This study examines the longitudinal association between the access and use of technology and social isolation in older adults 65 and older, living in the United States.MethodsThis observational cohort study included community‐dwelling older adults (N = 6704) who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Regression analyses were conducted using data from 2015 to 2019. Information about technology access and use was ascertained using self‐reported questionnaires. The primary outcome was the risk of social isolation.ResultsAt baseline, the majority of older adults that were not socially isolated had a working cell phone (88%) or computer (71%) and used email or text messaging (56%). Older adults that had access to (cell phone‐ incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.62 [95% CI 0.48–0.81]; computer‐ IRR 0.63 [95% CI 0.51–0.78]), and used technology (email or text messaging‐ IRR 0.64 [95% CI 0.51–0.80]) in the year prior had a lower risk of social isolation than older adults who reported they did not access or use technology. Additionally, over four years, older adults who reported that they had access to a computer had a lower risk (0.69 [0.57, 0.84]) for social isolation than their counterparts.ConclusionIn this cohort study, technology access was associated with a lower risk for social isolation among community‐dwelling older adults. These findings suggest that technology has an important role in approaches that seek to prevent social isolation among older adults.
Spinal pain processing in arthritis: Neuron and glia (inter)actions
Authors: Schaible Hans‐Georg , König Christian , Ebersberger Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiseases of joints are among the most frequent causes of chronic pain. In the course of joint diseases, the peripheral and the central nociceptive system develop persistent hyperexcitability (peripheral and central sensitization). This review addresses the mechanisms of spinal sensitization evoked by arthritis. Electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats from spinal cord neurons with knee input in a model of acute arthritis showed that acute spinal sensitization is dependent on spinal glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and metabotropic glutamate receptors) and supported by spinal actions of neuropeptides such as neurokinins and CGRP, by prostaglandins, and by proinflammatory cytokines. In several chronic arthritis models (including immune‐mediated arthritis and osteoarthritis) spinal glia activation was observed to be coincident with behavioral mechanical hyperalgesia which was attenuated or prevented by intrathecal application of minocycline, fluorocitrate, and pentoxyfylline. Some studies identified specific pathways of micro‐ and astroglia activation such as the purinoceptor‐ (P2X7‐) cathepsin S/CX3CR1 pathway, the mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1), and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, spinal NFκB/p65 activation and others. The spinal cytokines TNF, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, and others form a functional spinal network characterized by an interaction between neurons and glia cells which is required for spinal sensitization. Neutralization of spinal cytokines by intrathecal interventions attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia. This effect may in part result from local suppression of spinal sensitization and in part from efferent effects which attenuate the inflammatory process in the joint. In summary, arthritis evokes significant spinal hyperexcitability which is likely to contribute to the phenotype of arthritis pain in patients.image
Measuring institutional and structural racism in research on adolescence and developmental science
Authors: Neblett Enrique W. , Neal Aaron J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDismantling racism and oppression in adolescence requires sound measurement and rigorous methods. In this commentary, we discuss the measurement of institutional and structural racism and approaches to operationalizing structures and systems in adolescent research. Drawing on a recent framework for the conceptualization, measurement, and analysis of institutional racism and health (Needham et al., Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, in press), we highlight several considerations for measuring institutional and structural racism. These include definitional issues, the tension between individual‐ and area‐level measures, questions of timing, and matters of design and analysis. We conclude with suggestions to address gaps in existing literature and call for transdisciplinary training, collaboration, and partnership to promote the healthy development of Black and Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC) adolescents and young people.
Hybrid innovation logics: Exploratory product development with users in a corporate makerspace
Authors: Browder Russell E. , Crider Cole J. , Garrett Robert P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvances in digital manufacturing technologies have not only altered R&D processes for new product development (NPD), but they have also opened new possibilities for user innovators to engage in traditionally closed innovation processes. However, incorporating external sources of user innovation—through design challenges or crowdsourcing, for example—can introduce competing logics into exploratory innovation processes. Using the lens of complexity, we conduct an ethnographic study of the competing logics at work in the NPD processes of a corporate makerspace launched by a large firm in the consumer appliances industry. The makerspace was founded with a hybrid logic, intended to combine the community logic of makers with the corporate logic of the parent organization. We analyze the conflicts that arose between logics and how the hybrid logic evolved through four iterations of the NPD process. We identify how managing multiple logics led to structural and identity changes, and we explain how two mechanisms—structural bridging and stakeholder identity linking—enabled the makerspace to innovate with a hybrid logic and overcome the constraints of a dominant logic on the NPD process. The results offer insights into dynamic organizational responses to complexity, how new business initiatives can be structured to act as exploratory units for corporate parents, and how corporate makerspaces can help incorporate external sources of innovation.
Cyclophilin effector Al106 of mirid bug Apolygus lucorum inhibits plant immunity and promotes insect feeding by targeting PUB33
Authors: Dong Yumei , Zhou Jiangxuan , Yang Yuxia , Lu Wangshan , Jin Yan , Huang Xingge , Zhang Wendan , Li Jifen , Ai Gan , Yin Zhiyuan , Shen Danyu , Jing Maofeng , Dou Daolong , Xia Ai 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dur; Heteroptera: Miridae) is a major agricultural pest infesting crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. During feeding, A. lucorum secretes a plethora of effectors into its hosts to promote infestation. However, the molecular mechanisms of these effectors manipulating plant immunity are largely unknown.

Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effector Al106 manipulation of plant–insect interaction by RNA interference, electrical penetration graph, insect and pathogen bioassays, protein–protein interaction studies, and protein ubiquitination experiment.

Expression of Al106 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibits pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐induced cell death and reactive oxygen species burst, and promotes insect feeding and plant pathogen infection. In addition, peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of Al106 is required for its function to inhibit PTI.Al106 interacts with a plant U‐box (PUB) protein, PUB33, from N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also demonstrated that PUB33 is a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, an in vivo assay revealed that Al106 inhibits ubiquitination of NbPUB33 depending on PPIase activity.

Our findings revealed that a novel cyclophilin effector may interact with plant PUB33 to suppress plant immunity and facilitate insect feeding in a PPIase activity‐dependent manner.
Association of fast‐food restaurants with overweight and obesity in school‐aged children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Jun , Lau Patrick W. C. , Li Yanhui , Gao Di , Chen Li , Chen Manman , Ma Ying , Ma Tao , Ma Qi , Zhang Yi , Liu Jieyu , Wang Xingxing , Dong Yanhui , Song Yi , Ma Jun 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe aimed to explore associations between the accessibility of fast‐food restaurants (FFRs) and weight‐related outcomes in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies. We searched three databases for studies published before October 21, 2022. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies. Meta‐analysis was performed, and the leave‐one‐out method was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 60 studies were included. According to our analysis, FFRs within a smaller buffer radius from residences or that provide unhealthy foods may have a more significant influence on children's and adolescents' weight. Children of younger ages and girls may have a higher possibility of being overweight due to FFRs. Though we could hardly avoid bias, the estimates in low‐and middle‐income countries (only six studies) are much higher than those in high‐income countries (54 studies). More research analyses based on microscope data and individual economic levels are needed. This study yields quantitative results, provides policymakers and urban planners with a theoretical support for building resilient and sustainable human settlements, and promotes the translation of research findings from public health to environmental planning.