bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early azathioprine in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a prospective 24-month follow-up study with multimodal imaging and electroretinogram
Authors: Lavezzo Marcelo Mendes , Sakata Viviane Mayumi , Souto Fernanda Maria Silveira , Missaka Ruy Felippe Brito Gonçalves , Nobrega Priscilla Figueiredo Campos da , Oyamada Maria Kiyoko , Hirata Carlos Eduardo , Yamamoto Joyce Hisae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: First-line immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) associated with high-dose corticosteroid (CS) has been proposed for the treatment of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) to prevent chronicity and to prevent long-term CS side effects. However, there are very few studies that systematically evaluated visual and inflammatory outcomes in acute VKHD with early IMT. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of high-dose corticosteroids with early addition of azathioprine (AZA) in patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) followed for 24-month with systematic multimodal and electroretinogram exams.Methods: Prospective interventional study. Fifteen consecutive patients (30 eyes) with acute VKHD at a tertiary uveitis referral centre were followed for 24 months with systematic multimodal and full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) exams. Patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisone 1mg/kg/daily (CS) with slow taper and AZA introduction within 4 months. Anterior uveitis relapse, subclinical inflammation, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ffERG parameters were analyzed.Results: Fifteen patients (14 female) with a median age of 32 years were included. In the first month, 27 eyes (90%) had BCVA ≥20/40; at M24, all eyes (100%) had BCVA ≥20/25. Uveitis resolved in 28 eyes (93.3%) and became chronic recurrent in 2 eyes (6.7%); subclinical inflammation was still present in all eyes during the 24-month follow-up. ffERG parameters initially improved in all eyes; at M24, 23 eyes (76.7%) had subnormal results and 20 eyes (66.7%) had stable parameters. Eyes with very early treatment (n=12) had lower indocyanine green angiography score than eyes with early treatment (n=18) at M1 (p=0.012), but they had similar rates of recurrence, complications and ffERG parameters. Conclusion: Early AZA associated with high-dose corticosteroid was effective in improving BCVA and in controlling clinical inflammation. Isolate subclinical inflammation persisted in all eyes with no impact on ffERG in, at least, two thirds of these eyes, indicating that isolate subclinical inflammation may not be enough to indicate treatment increment.
An Advanced Attention-Enhanced Hybrid Deep Learning Model for WBSNs’ Gait Pattern Recognition
Authors: Wu Jianning , Tan Qiaoling , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The deep learning techniques have been attracted increasing attention on wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) gait pattern recognition that has a great contribution to monitoring gait change in clinical application. However, in existing studies, there are some challenging issues such as low generalization performance and no potential interpretation for gait variability. It is necessary to search for the advanced deep learning models to resolve these issues. Method: A public WARD database including acceleration and gyroscope data acquired from each subject wearing five sensors was selected, and the gait with different combination of on-body multi-sensors is considered as a WBSNs’ gait pattern. An advanced attention-enhanced hybrid deep learning model of DCNN and LSTM for WBSNs’ gait pattern recognition was proposed. In our proposed technique, the combination model of DCNN with LSTM is firstly to discover the spatial-temporary gait correlation features. And then the attention mechanism is introduced to exploit the more valuable intrinsic nonlinear dynamic correlation gait characteristics associated with gait variability hidden in spatial-temporary gait space obtained. This significantly contributes to enhancing the generalization performance and taking insight on gait variability in a certain anatomical region. Results: The ten gait patterns are randomly selected from WARD database to evaluate the feasibility of our proposed method. Our experiments demonstrated the superior generalization ability of our method to some models such as CNN-LSTM, DCNN-LSTM. Our proposed model could classify ten gait patterns with the highest accuracy and F1-score of 91.48% and 91.46%, respectively. Moreover, we also found that the classification performance of a certain gait pattern was almost same best when the combinations of three or five on-body sensors were employed respectively, suggesting that our method possibly take insight on gait variability in a certain anatomical region. Conclusion: Our proposed technique could feasibly discover the more intrinsic nonlinear dynamic correlation gait characteristics associated with gait variability from on-body multi-sensors gait data, which greatly contributed to best generalization performance and potential clinical interpretation. Our proposed technique would hopefully become a powerful tool of monitoring gait change in clinical application.
Low-carbon governance, fiscal decentralization and sulfur dioxide emissions: Evidence from a quasi-experiment with Chinese heavy pollution enterprises
Authors: Guo Ping , Li Jin , Kuang Jinsong , Zhu Yifei , Xiao Renrui , Duan Donghao , Huang Baocong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of enterprise environmental governance under low-carbon pilot policies in China with a difference in differences (DID) design. In examining the development of these policies, we focus on exploring their effects on sulfur dioxide emissions of heavily polluting enterprises based on prefectural city- and firm-level data from 2003-2014. Overall, the policies significantly increased enterprise SO2 emissions, and the underlying reason being that investments in CO2 control crowded out investment in SO2 control in enterprises in low-carbon pilot regions. We also find that the implementation of low-carbon pilot policies resulted in greater SO2 emissions from state-owned enterprises and enterprises in western regions than from non-state-owned enterprises and those in eastern regions. It is further found that fiscal decentralization and the associated mediating effect of market segmentation promote enterprises' CO2 control and inhibit their SO2 control. This study helps us re-examine the overall environmental effects of low-carbon policies and has implications for the revision and improvement of environmental governance policies in developing countries.
FDMine: a graph mining approach to predict and evaluate food-drug interactions
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Vadrev Srinivas Mukund , Magana-Mora Arturo , Levman Jacob , Soufan Othman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Food-drug interactions (FDIs) arise when nutritional dietary consumption regulates biochemical mechanisms involved in drug metabolism. Towards characterizing the nature of food’s influence on pharmacological treatment, it is essential to detect all possible FDIs. In this study, we propose FDMine, a novel systematic framework that models the FDI problem as a homogenous graph. In this graph, all nodes representing drug, food and food composition are referenced as chemical structures. This homogenous representation enables us to take advantage of reported drug-drug interactions for accuracy evaluation, especially when accessible ground truth for FDIs is lacking. Our dataset consists of 788 unique approved small molecule drugs with metabolism-related drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and 320 unique food items, composed of 563 unique compounds with 179 health effects. The potential number of interactions is 87,192 and 92,143 when two different versions of the graph referred to as disjoint and joint graphs are considered, respectively. We defined several similarity subnetworks comprising food-drug similarity (FDS), drug-drug similarity (DDS), and food-food similarity (FFS) networks, based on similarity profiles. A unique part of the graph is the encoding of the food composition as a set of nodes and calculating a content contribution score to re-weight the similarity links. To predict new FDI links, we applied the path category-based (path length 2 and 3) and neighborhood-based similarity-based link prediction algorithms. We calculated the precision@top (top 1%, 2%, and 5%) of the newly predicted links, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and precision-recall curve. We have performed three types of evaluations to benchmark results using different types of interactions. The shortest path-based method has achieved a precision 84%, 60% and 40% for the top 1%, 2% and 5% of FDIs identified, respectively. We validated the top FDIs predicted using FDMine to demonstrate its applicability and we relate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects of food items informed by FDIs. We hypothesize that the proposed framework can be used to gain new insights on FDIs. FDMine is publicly available to support clinicians and researchers.
Is The Association Between Cognitive Decline And Mortality Modified By High Blood Pressure Among The Oldest Old?
Authors: Duan Jun , Sam Napoleon Bellua , Wang Shi-Jia , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Few studies have systematically explored the association between cognitive decline and mortality among the aged (above 80 years old) and also have limited evidence of the potential effect modifiers between them. Therefore, this study included 14,891 aged (mean age: 90.3±7.5 years) and 10,904 aged deaths with 34,486 person-years were observed. Cognitive decline was continuous and stratified into ten categories. Potential effect modifiers were identified as age, sex, blood pressure (BP) and high BP related diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship between them after adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, leisure activities and health conditions. Compared to those with maintained high normal cognitive function, participants who have declined to severe cognitive impairment from a high normal cognitive function, low normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment have 55%, 56% and 63% mortality risks respectively. The multivariable-adjusted model indicated that the aged with decreasing one more point in MMSE score per year, had around 4% higher risk of mortality. There was a significant association of interaction of cognitive decline-mortality and sex (P=0.013) as well as hypertension (P=0.004) but with no significant association among age (P=0.277), high BP (P=0.082), and CVD mortality (P=0.058). Our findings suggest that periodic screen cognitive decline and strengthen BP control may be necessary for public health.
Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Findings, Complications, and Mortality of Influenza During the Epidemic of October 2019-February 2020 in Iran
Authors: Movahedi Zahra , Dehghani Soheil , Ali Zoha , Karimi Amirali , Arsangjang Shahram , Bakhshandeh Hadi , Heydari Hosein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Influenza is one of the most important viruses and causes millions of infections and 290-600 thousands deaths annually. We aimed to evaluate the hospitalization rates due to complications caused by the influenza virus (pneumonia, seizures, sinusitis, otitis, myositis and encephalitis), the frequency of clinical signs, and laboratory findings in children under 15 years of age infected with Influenza.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study during the Influenza epidemic in Qom, Iran, from October 2019 to February 2020. Children under 15 years of age with the definitive diagnosis of influenza obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test were included.Results: Out of 1225 patients who referred to us with flu-like symptoms; 1172 patients were referred by the emergency department and our hospital clinic but 53 patients were referred to us by other paediatricians. 375 patients (30.61%) who had a positive PCR test result for influenza and suffered from complications caused by the virus were hospitalized.The number of male hospitalized patients was 231 (61.6% of hospitalized patients) and the number of female hospitalized patients was 144 (38.4% of hospitalized patients) respectively.The highest age range of patients with pneumonia was of 13 months to 3 years with a hospitalization rate of 36.41% and the lowest hospitalization rate was of 12 years to 15 years with a hospitalization rate of 0.84%.The most serious complication observed in patients caused by the influenza virus was pneumonia; with 17 cases (4.53%) reported.89.6% of patients had fever at the time of referral causing it to be the most common clinical symptom among patients. Cough ranked second with 76.8%.Lymphopenia and leukopenia was recognized as the most common laboratory findings with a frequency of 26.33% and 21.85%.Conclusions: Complications of influenza was not uncommon in children and affected a fifth of the patients. The influenza epidemic of October 2019- February 2020 imposed a heavy burden on our hospital and the learned lessons should be implemented to further assist the physicians in future influenza epidemic.
Effects of Flotation Deinking on Environmentally Friendly Offset Paper Printing Ink
Authors: Yang Shujie , Shen Jianbin , He Tiefei , Chen Chao , Wang Junming , Tang Yanjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Waste paper has become a promising raw material for the pulp and paper industry due to its low cost and because it is conducive to sustainable development. Unfortunately, waste paper contains a high volume of printed paper that is difficult to deink, which restricts its applications. Flotation deinking plays an essential role in the product quality and process cost of wastepaper recycling. This study was performed to evaluate the deinkability of environmentally friendly offset inks by flotation deinking. For this purpose, three series of four-color inks, namely, hybrid light emitting diode ultraviolet (LED‒UV), LED‒UV, and vegetable oil‒based inks, were printed on white lightweight coated papers under laboratory conditions. The deinking methodology involves repulping, deinking agent treatment, flotation, hand sheet making, and evaluation of the produced hand sheets. The obtained results indicated that the hybrid LED‒UV prints had the best deinkability. After flotation deinking, the deinking efficiency and the whiteness of the hybrid LED‒UV ink increased by 58.1% and 47.6%, respectively. LED‒UV ink had a 46.9% increase in the deinking efficiency and a 37.0% increase in the whiteness of the hand sheet. The deinking efficiency of the vegetable oil‒based ink was the lowest, at 42.1%, and the whiteness of the hand sheet increased only by 23.8%. The particle size distribution analysis demonstrated that the hybrid LED‒UV four-color ink exhibited a larger value of the average particle size than the two other. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hybrid LED‒UV ink particles on the surface of the fibers were the least abundant after deinking. The physical strength properties of the hand sheets, including tensile index, folding resistance, and cohesion of the hybrid LED‒UV, LED‒UV inks, and vegetable oil‒based inks, increased.
Tuberculosis Situation in Volga Federal District in 2016-2020
Authors: Yunusbaeva M. M. , Borodina L. Ya. , Sharipov R. A. , Bilalov E. S. , Аzamatova M. M. , Yunusbaev B. B. 
Published: January 2022

The objective of the study: to assess changes in the incidence and prevalence of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and TB/HIV coinfection (TB/HIV) in Volga Federal District (VFD) and its regions during 2016-2020.Subjects and Methods. Data from FGSN Forms No. 8, 33, and 61, and analytical reviews of main statistical TB rates in the Russian Federation have been studied. The number of those died is presented as per the Rosstat data.Results. An increase in the incidence and prevalence of MDR TB and TB/HIV coinfection has been detected in certain region of Volga Federal District. Perm Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Udmurtia, and Orenburg and Samara Regions have the highest prevalence of MDR TB and TB/HIV coinfection. In 2020, the Republic of Bashkortostan was the only region where the incidence and prevalence of MDR TB were growing (164.7% and 47.3%, respectively). The highest incidence and prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection was reported in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Perm Kray, Orenburg Region, the Chuvash and Udmurt Republics. Over the last 5 years, the maximum increase in TB/HIV incidence and prevalence was observed in the Republic of Bashkortostan (38.8% and 41.3%, respectively).
Evaluation of the role of rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene in the development of allergic asthma
Authors: Аveryanov A. B. , Cherkashina I. I. , Nikulina S. Yu. , Kuznetsova E. Yu. , Maksimov V. N. 
Published: January 2022

The objective of the study: to study rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene in patients with allergic asthma and healthy individuals.Subjects and Methods. 179 patients suffering from allergic asthma were included in the study. The diagnosis and degree of severity were established in accordance with the GINA recommendations. The Control Group included apparently healthy individuals (n = 217). Patients with allergic asthma underwent standard laboratory and instrumental examinations and DNA typing.Results. A statistically significant predominance of AG genotype frequency in the group of patients with allergic asthma, including women, versus the group of healthy individuals, was established. AG rs2227983 genotype of EGFR gene was found to be significantly more common in patients with mild and moderate allergic asthma including women, than in healthy individuals, including women.Conclusion. The association of rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene with allergic asthma has been established. A homozygous GG genotype may play a protective role against the disease.
How clay delamination supports aseismic slip
Authors: Zhou Huijun , Chen Meng , Zhu Runliang , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aseismic slip is a stable fault slip, which allows strain to be relieved smoothly. Aseismic slip prevents the earthquake propagation, but it could nucleate an earthquake elsewhere. Understanding the mechanism of aseismic slip is promising in revealing the seismic cycle. Experimental evidence showed clay-rich fault gouge bears a low-friction strength, and the friction is strengthened with slip velocity (velocity-strengthening), which was thought to support aseismic slip. Clay minerals are comprised of platy crystalline layers with water intercalated between them, which may act as a lubricant. Sliding between clay layers was suspected to support aseismic slip but lacked a clarified mechanistic insight. We use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to show that shear-induced interlayer sliding is frictionally weak and velocity-strengthening, which evidences the role of clay minerals in aseismic slip. We find that interlayer water is a viscous fluid at most times, which explains the shear response of interlayer sliding. Depending on temperature and pressure conditions, intercalated water can be monolayer or bilayer, fluidic or ice like. Shear induces ice-like water to transform into fluidic water, which happens as a stick-slip phenomenon reflecting a first-order transition. Increased pore fluid pressure leads to the transformation from monolayer to bilayer intercalated water, resulting in a lower friction strength and enhanced velocity-strengthening behavior. Our work suggests that disclosing the hydration state of a clay mineral is preliminary when studying fault mechanics.
Effects of hydrostaticity and Mn-substitution on dolomite stability at high pressure
Authors: Wang Faxiang , Zhao Chaoshuai , Xu Liangxu , Liu Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Studying the structural evolution of the dolomite group at high pressure is crucial for constraining the deep carbon cycle and mantle dynamics. Here we collected high-pressure laser Raman spectra of natural Mg-dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 and Mn-dolomite kutnohorite Ca1.11Mn0.89(CO3)2 samples up to 56 GPa at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) using helium and neon as a pressure-transmitting medium (PTM), respectively. Using helium or neon can ensure samples stay under relatively hydrostatic conditions over the investigated pressure range, resembling the hydrostatic conditions of the deep mantle. Phase transitions in CaMg(CO3)2 were observed at 36.1(25) GPa in helium and 35.2(10) GPa in neon PTM from dolomite-II to -III, respectively. Moreover, the onset pressure of Mn-dolomite Ca1.11Mn0.89(CO3)2-III occurs at 23−25 GPa, about 10 GPa lower than that of Mg-dolomite-III, suggesting that cation substitution could significantly change the onset pressure of the phase transitions in the dolomite group. These results provide new insights into deep carbon carriers within the Earth’s mantle.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Bicyclic Condensed Pyrimidinones
Authors: Naikoo Rayees Ahmad , Kumar Rupesh , Kumar Vipan , Bhargava Gaurav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Functionalized bicyclic pyrimidinones and their derivatives are significant heterocyclic
scaffolds being their all-around prevalence in biologically potent compounds. In several
attempts to explore the different synthetic methodologies for the construction of bicyclic
condensed pyrimidinones, different researchers from all across the globe have reported numerous
substantial methods. In the present review, considerable work has been critically
compiled on the synthesis of substituted and functionalized bicyclic pyrimidinones from 2000
onwards.
Directing Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment and HIF to Illuminate Cancer
Immunotherapy's Existing Prospects and Challenges in Drug Targets
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is now also reflected as a disease of the tumor microenvironment, which is primarily
supposed to be a decontrolled genetic and cellular expression disease. Over the past two decades,
significant and rapid progress has been made in recognizing the dynamics of the tumor's microenvironment
and its contribution to influencing the response to various anti-cancer therapies
and drugs. Modulations in the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint blockade are interesting
in cancer immunotherapy and drug targets.
Simultaneously, the immunotherapeutic strategy can be implemented by modulating the immune
regulatory pathway; however, the tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in suppressing
the antitumor's immunity by its substantial heterogeneity. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a significant
contributor to solid tumor heterogeneity and a key stressor in the tumor microenvironment to
drive adaptations to prevent immune surveillance. Checkpoint inhibitors here halt the ability of cancer
cells to stop the immune system from activating, and in turn, amplify the body's immune system
to help destroy cancer cells. Common checkpoints that these inhibitors affect are the PD-1/PDL1
and CTLA-4 pathways, and important drugs involved are Ipilimumab and Nivolumab mainly,
along with other drugs in this group.
Targeting the hypoxic tumor microenvironment may provide a novel immunotherapy strategy,
break down traditional cancer therapy resistance, and build the framework for personalized precision
medicine and cancer drug targets. We hope that this knowledge can provide insight into the
therapeutic potential of targeting hypoxia and help develop novel combination approaches of cancer
drugs to increase the effectiveness of existing cancer therapies, including immunotherapy.