bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomedicine in Neuroscience: An Application Towards the Treatment of Various Neurological Diseases
Authors: Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan , Mohammed Vajagathali , Kalarani Iyshwarya Bhaskar 
Published: May 2022

Absatract:The effectiveness, cell viability, and selective delivery of medications and diagnostic substances to target organs, tissues, and organs are typical concerns in the care and prognosis of many illnesses. Neurological diseases pose complex challenges, as cerebral targeting represents a yet unresolved challenge in pharmacotherapy, owing to the blood-brain boundary, a densely com-pacted membrane of endothelial cells that prohibits undesired chemicals from reaching the brain. Engineered nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, provide intriguing biomedi-cal techniques that may allow for resolving these issues, including the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. It has substantially explored nanoparticles in the previous century, contributing to sub-stantial progress in biomedical studies and medical procedures. Using many synthesized nanoparti-cles on the molecular level has given many potential gains in various domains of regenerative medi-cine, such as illness detection, cascaded cell treatment, tissue regeneration, medication, and gene editing. This review will encapsulate the novel developments of nanostructured components used in neurological diseases with an emphasis on the most recent discoveries and forecasts for the future of varied biological nanoparticles for tissue repair, drug inventions, and the synthesizing of the deliv-ery mechanism.
Exploring the Risk of Suicide in Real Time on Spanish Twitter: Observational Study
Authors: García-Martínez Claudia , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Fabra Javier , Martínez-Martínez Ana Belén , Pérez-Yus María Cruz , López-Del-Hoyo Yolanda 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSocial media is now a common context wherein people express their feelings in real time. These platforms are increasingly showing their potential to detect the mental health status of the population. Suicide prevention is a global health priority and efforts toward early detection are starting to develop, although there is a need for more robust research.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the emotional content of Twitter posts in Spanish and their relationships with severity of the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet.MethodsTweets containing a specific lexicon relating to suicide were filtered through Twitter's public application programming interface. Expert psychologists were trained to independently evaluate these tweets. Each tweet was evaluated by 3 experts. Tweets were filtered by experts according to their relevance to the risk of suicide. In the tweets, the experts evaluated: (1) the severity of the general risk of suicide and the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet (2) the emotional valence and intensity of 5 basic emotions; (3) relevant personality traits; and (4) other relevant risk variables such as helplessness, desire to escape, perceived social support, and intensity of suicidal ideation. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf 2509 tweets, 8.61% (n=216) were considered to indicate suicidality by most experts. Severity of the risk of suicide at the time was correlated with sadness (ρ=0.266; P<.001), joy (ρ=–0.234; P=.001), general risk (ρ=0.908; P<.001), and intensity of suicidal ideation (ρ=0.766; P<.001). The severity of risk at the time of the tweet was significantly higher in people who expressed feelings of defeat and rejection (P=.003), a desire to escape (P<.001), a lack of social support (P=.03), helplessness (P=.001), and daily recurrent thoughts (P=.007). In the multivariate analysis, the intensity of suicide ideation was a predictor for the severity of suicidal risk at the time (β=0.311; P=.001), as well as being a predictor for fear (β=–0.009; P=.01) and emotional valence (β=0.007; P=.009). The model explained 75% of the variance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is possible to identify emotional content and other risk factors in suicidal tweets with a Spanish sample. Emotional analysis and, in particular, the detection of emotional variations may be key for real-time suicide prevention through social media.
Implementation of Evidence-Informed Behavioral Health Models to Improve HIV Health Outcomes for Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (Black MSM Initiative): Protocol for Program Evaluation
Authors: Hodge Sarah E , Johnson-Turbes Ashani , Flemming Shauna St. Clair , Passero Meredith , Tinsley Melinda , Iheanyichukwu Thelma ,   The Black MSM Initiative Study Group
Published: May 2022

Background
The HIV epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects Black communities. Nearly half of Black men who have sex with men (MSM) will be diagnosed with HIV in their lifetime. There is a significant unmet need for behavioral health care services among Black MSM, and untreated behavioral health needs make it less likely the person is retained in HIV care.

Objective
This paper offers a description of the Implementation of Evidence-Informed Behavioral Health Models to Improve HIV Health Outcomes for Black Men who have Sex with Men (Black MSM) Initiative, a program to integrate clinical care and behavioral health/supportive services for Black MSM with HIV. The Black MSM Initiative is funded through the Health Resources & Services Administration HIV/AIDS Bureau Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) Part F Special Projects of National Significance.

Methods
The components of the Black MSM Initiative include providing technical assistance to 8 Initiative demonstration sites; conducting a comprehensive and culturally responsive, mixed method, multisite evaluation; and disseminating evaluation findings and lessons learned to the RWHAP community.

Results
As of December 31, 2020, demonstration sites enrolled 809 clients in the multisite evaluation. The research team will continue evaluation data collection through December 2021 for analysis and dissemination starting in 2022. The Black MSM Initiative fully supports the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States Initiative.

Conclusions
In order to succeed, providers and programs will need to engage populations traditionally considered “hard to reach,” like many people receiving RWHAP services. Findings and lessons learned from the Black MSM Initiative will expand the tool kit of solutions to support and retain Black MSM in HIV care, furthering the goals of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative and the RWHAP.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/36025
Existing Funding Sources in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Research: Scoping Review
Authors: Bestwick Henry , Teh Jye Quan , Mowforth Oliver , Grodzinski Ben , Kotter Mark , Davies Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Background
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common, disabling condition of symptomatic cervical spinal cord compression that requires significant research advances to improve patient outcomes. A James Lind Alliance Partnership recently identified the top research priorities for DCM. To effectively address these priorities, appropriate funding of DCM research is essential.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to review current funding in DCM research and highlight future research funding opportunities.

Methods
A systematic search of Web of Science for “cervical AND myelopathy” was conducted. Papers exclusively studying DCM with declared funding and published between January 1, 1995, and March 21, 2020, were considered eligible. Funding sources were classified by country of origin and organization type. A grant search was also conducted using Dimensions.ai (Digital Science Ltd).

Results
A total of 621 papers were included, with 300 unique funding bodies. The top funders were AO Spine (n=87); National Institutes of Health, USA (n=63); and National Natural Science Foundation, China (n=63). Funding sources in the USA (n=242) supported the most DCM research, followed by China (n=209) and Japan (n=116). Funding in the USA was primarily provided by corporate or nonprofit organizations (146/242, 60.3%), while in China, the majority of funding was from institutions (208/209, 99.5%). Dimensions.ai gives an estimate for the total declared grant funding awards for DCM-specific research. Data here showed 180 grants awarded specifically for DCM research, with a total value of US $45.6 million since 1996.

Conclusions
DCM funding appears to be predominantly from the USA, China, and Japan, aligning with areas of high DCM research activity and underpinning the importance of funding to increasing research capacity. The existing funding sources differ from medical research in general, representing opportunities for future investment in DCM.
Interest in HIV Prevention Mobile Phone Apps: Focus Group Study With Sexual and Gender Minority Persons Living in the Rural Southern United States
Authors: Jones Jeb , Edwards O Winslow , Merrill Leland , Sullivan Patrick S , Stephenson Rob 
Published: May 2022

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions, including smartphone apps, have been found to be an effective means of increasing the uptake of HIV prevention tools, including HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests and pre-exposure prophylaxis. However, most HIV prevention mHealth apps tested in the United States have been tested among populations living in areas surrounding urban centers. Owing to reduced access to broadband internet and reliable cellular data services, it remains unclear how accessible and effective these interventions will be in rural areas. In addition, gay and bisexual men who have sex with men and gender minority populations in rural areas experience enhanced stigma when compared with their more urban counterparts, and these experiences might affect their willingness and interest in mHealth apps.

Objective
This study aimed to conduct online focus groups with men who have sex with men and transgender and gender diverse populations in the rural southern United States to assess their interest in mHealth HIV prevention apps and the features that they would be the most interested in using.

Methods
Focus group participants were recruited from a larger pool of sexual and gender minority respondents to a web-based research survey. The participants indicated that they would be willing to participate in an online focus group discussion. Focus groups were conducted via secure Zoom (Zoom Video Communications Inc) videoconferencing. During the focus group discussions, participants were asked to discuss their experiences with HIV and STI prevention and how these experiences were affected by living in a rural area. They were then shown screenshots of a new app to promote HIV and STI prevention among rural populations and asked to provide their opinions on the app’s features. The transcripts of the discussions were reviewed and coded using a constant comparative approach.

Results
A total of 6 focus groups were conducted with 26 participants. Most participants were cisgender gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (19/26, 73%); the remaining participants were transgender men (2/26, 8%), were nonbinary people (2/26, 8%), or had multiple gender identities (3/26, 12%). Participants reported numerous barriers to accessing HIV and STI prevention services and accurate information about HIV and STI prevention options. Overall, the participants reported a high degree of interest in mHealth interventions for HIV and STI prevention and suggested several recommendations for the features of an app-based intervention that would be the most useful for rural residents.

Conclusions
These focus group discussions indicate that rural residence is not a major barrier to mHealth HIV and STI prevention intervention implementation and that there is a high degree of interest in these approaches to HIV and STI prevention.
Phytochemical Screening and Antidengue Activity of Jatropha Multifida Extract against DENV-2
Authors: Yuniyanti Mia Munawaroh , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati 
Published: May 2022

Cases of dengue infection are still high in various parts of the world and no antiviral has been found to treat dengue infection. Jatropha multifida is one of the herbs used by the community to treat dengue infection, but pre-clinical and clinical scientific evidence has not been carried out. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out using thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxic assay was performed on Vero cells using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). The cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) was determined using probit analysis. Anti-dengue test on dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was performed on Vero cells and the RNA (ribonucleic acid) copy number was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reactions ((qPCR). Phytochemical screening results showed that the ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. CC50 of the extract was found to be 651.8 µg/mL. The RNA copy number of the treated group was lower than the control group and the difference was significant. The ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves has anti-dengue activity against DENV-2.
APPLICATION OF TWO ADVANCED DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE, AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND THEOPHYLLINE IN PURE AND COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: DAVE H. N. , MASHRU R. C. 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Two advanced spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the simultaneous determination of Salbutamol sulphate, Ambroxol hydrochloride and Theophylline in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods exclude the hectic steps of time-consuming sample preparations or purification or separation steps. There is no any spectrophotometric method has been avail for simultaneous estimation of the ternary mixture containing Salbutamol sulphate, Ambroxol hydrochloride and Theophylline.
Methods: The methods are derivative ratio spectra zero-crossing method and double divisor ratio spectra derivative method respectively. Both the methods are found to be rapid, accurate, precise, reliable and economical as well. The developed methods show best results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification for standard laboratory mixtures of pure drugs and marketed formulations.
Results: The range for Salbutamol sulphate, Ambroxol hydrochloride and Theophyllineare found to be 1-35 µg ml-1, 5-35 µg ml-1and 6-60 µg ml-1 respectively. For the derivative ratio spectra zero-crossing method, the values of the limit of detection are found to be 0.3161 µg ml-1, 0.2212 µg ml-1 and 0.2910 µg ml-1 and the values limit of quantification are found to be 0.9571 µg ml-1, 0.7412 µg ml-1 and 0.9671 µg ml-1 for Salbutamol sulphate, Ambroxol hydrochloride and Theophylline respectively. For double divisor ratio spectra derivative method, limit of detection values is found to be 0.3251 µg ml-1, 0.2591 µg ml-1 and 0.2640 µg ml-1 and the limit of quantification values are found to be 0.9870 µg ml-1, 0.8650 µg ml-1 and 0.8812 µg ml-1 for Salbutamol sulphate, Ambroxol hydrochloride and Theophylline respectively.
Conclusion: The common excipients and additives did not interfere in the determinations of any of the drugs while being analysed for commercial formulations. These two spectrophotometric methods, which determine SS, AH, and THE simultaneously, are simple, specific, accurate, precise, rapidly, and economically, indicating that they can be used routinely in pharmaceutical analysis. As a result, derivative spectrophotometry may be used effectively for the simultaneous determination of SS, AH and THE in the combined dosage forms without any prior separation of individual drugs.
Explainable Fragment-based Molecular Property Attribution
Authors: Jia Lingxiang , Feng Zunlei , Zhang Haotian , Song Jie , Zhong Zipeng , Yao Shaolun , Song Mingli 
Published: May 2022

“AI & Drug Discovery” mode has significantly promoted drug
development and achieved excellent performance, especially with the
rapid development of deep learning, making remarkable contributions to
protecting human physiological health. However, due to the “black-box”
characteristic of the deep learning model, the decision route and
predicted results in different research stages assisted by deep models
are usually unexplainable, limiting their application in practice and
more in-depth research of drug discovery. Focusing on the drug
molecules, we propose an explainable fragment-based molecular property
attribution technique for analyzing the influence of particular molecule
fragments on properties and the relationship between the molecular
properties in this paper. Quantitative experiments on 42 benchmark
property tasks demonstrate that 325 attribution fragments, which account
for 90% of the overall attribution results obtained by the proposed
method, have positive relevance to the corresponding property tasks.
More impressively, most of the attribution results randomly selected are
consistent with the existing mechanism explanations. The discovery
mentioned above provides a reference standard for assisting researchers
in developing more specific and practical drug molecule studies, such as
synthesizing molecular with the targeted property using a fragment
obtained from the attribution method.

Corresponding author(s) Email: brooksong@zju.edu.cn
Automated & Easy Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer From Onsite Easy Colposcopy Images
Authors: Bhattarai Devi , Khanal Bishesh 
Published: May 2022

Lifestyle and early diagnosis can bring a drastic change in Cervical
cancer patient Infections when diagnosed early enough that makes it easy
to prevent. By the time symptoms appear, cancer might have manifested
itself and begun to spread. Due to poor access to preventive and
treatment services, a vast number of unfortunate deaths occur
needlessly. Enhancing the prevalent method of treatment and diagnosis,
deep learning models have been proved to be more precise and accurate
than mere Visual Inspection by specialists. AI-assisted colposcopy
reduces time and effort it takes for a gynecologist to gain an expertise
and thus spares more time to improve other skills, training and
activities.Here, we use Supervised(unsupervised) algorithms in order to
classify the colposcopy images. To attain our target, we collect a large
number of image datasets requested to ABC hospital and are categorized
by our system to different stages of cancer, results of which can be
further analyzed by specialists to imply appropriate clinical procedures
of cure. The successful deployment promotes low-cost mobile technology
to facilitate millions of women across the country who earlier had
limited access to life-saving cancer tests. As the morbidity and
mortality rates of cervix cancer are pretty high, early detection and
treatment of the abnormal tissues or pre-cancerous cells is the ultimate
solution to it. This study is useful to diagnose an early metamorphosis
of cancerous cells more accurately and hence helps to drop down the
death rate even in any low-middle resources areas of the country.
Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Deep learning, Colposcopy, Pap smear and HPV
Penerapan Metode Binary Search dan Hamming Distance untuk E-library SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir
Authors: Wulandari Theresia Kusdini 
Published: May 2022

Perpustakaan digital (digital library) atau di sebut juga sebagai perpustakaan eletronic library (e-library) diperkenalkan dengan kelebihannya menyediakan koleksi dalam bentuk elektronik yang mampu diakses oleh pengguna tanpa batas tempat dan waktu. E-library yang telah dibuat pada studi kasus SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir ini menerapkan metodologi waterfall model Sommerville, dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu Requirments Analysis and Definition, System and Software design, Implementation and Unit Testing, Integration and System Testing, Operation and Maintenance. Beberapa manfaat penggunaan e-library ini yaitu pencatatan daftar buku lebih rapi, saat ingin mencari ketersediaan buku lebih cepat, kemudian proses transaksi peminjaman dan pengembalian buku menjadi lebih terkomputerisasi karena melibatkan aplikasi e-library dan perangkat komputer yang digunakan. Pada fitur pencarian buku menerapkan algoritma binary search dan hamming distance dengan tujuan memaksimalkan sistem pencarian.Hasil pengujian dengan accuracy 78% dan recall 78% tertinggi diperoleh pada skenario pengujian algoritma hamming distance, dan algoritma binary search diperolah accuracy 72% dan recall 72%, dengan hasil yang sama antara dua algoritma precission 100%. Dengan adanya e-library ini besar harapan untuk meningkatkan minat membaca siswa serta meningkatkan akreditasi bagi sekolah.
Influencias cinematográficas de la saga Torrente sobre el late show Sabías a lo que venías (Santiago Segura, 2007)
Authors: Meliveo Paula 
Published: May 2022

La saga cinematográfica Torrente, creada, dirigida, producida y protagonizada por Santiago Segura, en 2007 detiene su producción entre el estreno de la tercera entrega, y el rodaje de la cuarta. En este paréntesis, la cadena de televisión La Sexta contrata a Segura para conducir, crear, dirigir, y producir el primer Late Show del canal, con el fin de contribuir a definir su programación como un producto alternativo a los espacios de contenidos afines a las televisiones generalistas. El tipo de humor con el que los directivos de la cadena pretenden impregnar el nuevo show, ha de ser gamberro y transgresor, valores que consideran representa el director de cine y creador de Torrente. Este artículo se centra en establecer las influencias de la saga cinematográfica de Santiago Segura en el programa de televisión Sabías a lo que venías, que se estrenó en horario Late Night en 2007. A través de una metodología de estudio de caso se han reconstruido las secciones del programa, relacionándolas con los colaboradores que las conducían y que en algunos casos procedían de la popular saga. Abstract: The film saga Torrente, created, directed, produced and starred by Santiago Segura has a break from shooting between its third part premiere and the filming of its fourth part. During this break, Santiago Segura is hired as host, creator, director and producer of the first Late Night Show by La Sexta TV channel, in order to contribute to define the broadcast programming schedule as an alternative option to programs with contents similar to general networks interests. The humorous touch required by the executive directors to predominate the show atmosphere has to be joker and rule-breaking, values that represent the director and creator of Torrente himself, in their opinion. This article is focused on settling the influence of the film saga by Santiago Segura on the Sabías a lo que venías TV program, premiered in Late Night schedule in 2007. Using a methodology based on case study, the sections of the programme have been reconstructed relating them to their hosts, who had also appeared in the popular saga in some cases. Palabras clave: Santiago Segura; Torrente; Sabías a lo que venías; cine; Late Show.Keywords: Santiago Segura; Torrente; Sabías a lo que venías; cinema; Late Show
Concentration of circulating tumour DNA in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and its prognostic significance
Authors: Karamitrousis E. , Balgkouranidou I. , Xenidis N. , Amarantidis K. , Biziota E. , Koukaki T. , Kakolyris S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The amount of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with gastric cancer was found to be higher than that of healthy controls (69.1 ng/μL vs. 34.8 ng/μL). Patients with cfDNA ≤ 50 ng/μL were found to have an increased overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) than in patients with cfDNA > 50 ng/μL.