bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional management of postoperative chylothorax in children with CHD
Authors: Fogg Kristi L. , Trauth Amiee , Horsley Megan , Vichayavilas Piyagarnt , Winder Melissa , Bailly David K. , Gordon Erin E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Chylothorax after congenital cardiac surgery is associated with increased risk of malnutrition. Nutritional management following chylothorax diagnosis varies across sites and patient populations, and a standardised approach has not been disseminated. The aim of this review article is to provide contemporary recommendations related to nutritional management of chylothorax to minimise risk of malnutrition.Methods:The management guidelines were developed by consensus across four dietitians, one nurse practitioner, and two physicians with a cumulative 52 years of experience caring for children with CHD. A PubMed database search for relevant literature included the terms chylothorax, paediatric, postoperative, CHD, chylothorax management, growth failure, and malnutrition.Results:Fat-modified diets and nil per os therapies for all paediatric patients (<18 years of age) following cardiac surgery are highlighted in this review. Specific emphasis on strategies for treatment, duration of therapies, optimisation of nutrition including nutrition-focused lab monitoring, and supplementation strategies are provided.Conclusions:Our deliverable is a clinically useful guide for the nutritional management of chylothorax following paediatric cardiac surgery.
Receptivity to Instructional Feedback
Authors: Lipnevich Anastasiya A. , Lopera-Oquendo Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to report validity evidence for the instrument intended to measure receptivity to instructional feedback in a sample of secondary school students from Singapore ( N = 314). We tested a nested hierarchy of hypotheses for addressing the cross-group (i.e., gender) invariance and compared means on the receptivity to feedback subscales between gender groups. We also examined whether receptivity to feedback predicted student grades. The four-factor hypothesized model comprising experiential attitudes, instrumental attitudes, cognitive engagement, and behavioral engagement with feedback had a good model fit. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported configural, metric, partial scalar, partial strict as well as variance and covariance invariance across gender groups. After controlling for gender, cognitive engagement, and experiential attitudes predicted increments in grades, suggesting evidence for discriminant validity among the receptivity factors as well as their relevance for the prediction of meaningful educational outcomes.
The Role of the North Atlantic Oscillation for Projections of Winter Mean Precipitation in Europe
Authors: McKenna C. M. , Maycock A. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate models generally project an increase in the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index under a future high‐emissions scenario, alongside an increase in winter precipitation in northern Europe and a decrease in southern Europe. The extent to which future forced NAO trends are important for European winter precipitation trends and their uncertainty remains unclear. We show using the Multimodel Large Ensemble Archive that the NAO plays a small role in northern European mean winter precipitation projections for 2080–2099. Conversely, half of the model uncertainty in southern European mean winter precipitation projections is potentially reducible through improved understanding of the NAO projections. Extreme positive NAO winters increase in frequency in most models as a consequence of mean NAO changes. These extremes also have more severe future precipitation impacts, largely because of mean precipitation changes. This has implications for future resilience to extreme positive NAO winters, which frequently have severe societal impacts.
Direct Evidence for Auroral Kilometric Radiation Propagation Into Radiation Belts Based on Arase Spacecraft and Van Allen Probe B
Authors: Deng Zhoukun , Xiao Fuliang , Zhou Qinghua , Zhang Sai , Liu Si , Yang Qiwu , Tang Jiawen , Kumamoto Atsushi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Nakamura Yosuke , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kasahara Yoshiya , Shinohara Iku , Nakamura Satoko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown that auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) can propagate from the polar source cavity into the equatorial radiation belt but there is no direct evidence yet. By examining 19‐month data from Arase satellite and Van Allen Probes, we report a unique event that distinct AKR emissions are observed simultaneously at high and low latitudes, with the peak wave spectra in the frequency 300–400 kHz. Using the three‐dimensional ray tracing method, we simulate the AKR ray paths at three typical frequencies (220, 350, and 550 kHz), and show that more ray paths for 350 kHz can propagate downward through the locations of Arase satellite and Van Allen Probe B than those for other two frequencies. This result can successfully explain the observation and provides a direct evidence that AKR can propagate to low latitude radiation belt under suitable conditions.
Reply to Comment by Stauning on “The PC Index Variations During 23/24 Solar Cycles: Relation to Solar Wind Parameters and Magnetic Disturbances”
Authors: Troshichev O. A. , Dolgacheva S. A. , Stepanov N. A. , Sormakov D. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe polar cap magnetic activity index (PC) was approved by IAGA as an index characterizing the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere. Relation of the PC index to solar wind parameters and solar activity during 23/24 solar cycles has been studied in paper (Troshichev et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028491). The paper was commented by Dr. Stauning, who states that results obtained in the study are based on erroneous data presented on web site http://pcindex.org. According to Dr. Stauning, the following invalidities served as a reason for this assertion: incorrect determination of quiet daily curve (QDC), taken as reference level for counting the PC index value, and incorrect QDC amplitudes, incorrect yearly average values of PC index (and EKL field), incorrect methods of the analysis. In our answer we argue the correctness of our analysis and resulted conclusions.
A Decomposition of the Atmospheric and Surface Contributions to the Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Authors: Huang Han , Huang Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), which consists of the thermal radiation from both the atmosphere and surface, is of critical importance to the Earth radiation energy budget. To understand the global OLR distribution, it is important to quantify the varying atmospheric and surface contributions. In this work, we present such a quantification using radiative transfer computations based on global reanalysis atmospheric data. By dissecting the OLR simulated following the radiative transfer equation, we quantitatively measure the layer‐wise atmospheric contributions to OLR and compare it to the surface contribution in different spectral bands. One focus of this study is on the OLR in the far‐infrared (FIR), for which new satellites are expected to provide unprecedented measurements. We find that around 45% of the global mean OLR is radiated in the FIR and in polar regions the FIR contribution can increase to 60%. Our vertical decomposition of OLR discloses that although the atmospheric contribution generally surpasses the surface contribution, the enhanced FIR contribution in the polar regions mainly results from a relatively stronger surface (as opposed to atmospheric) contribution. This is allowed by the opening of the atmospheric window in the FIR in these extremely dry regions. Our analysis also reveals that the tropopause layer makes a minimum contribution to the OLR, which may be a unique spectroscopic feature of the Earth atmosphere. Clouds are found to reduce the atmospheric contribution in the FIR while enhancing it in the mid‐infrared.
Remote Sensing of Groundwater: Current Capabilities and Future Directions
Authors: Adams Kyra H. , Reager John T. , Rosen Paul , Wiese David N. , Farr Tom G. , Rao Shanti , Haines Bruce J. , Argus Donald F. , Liu Zhen , Smith Ryan , Famiglietti James S. , Rodell Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobally, groundwater represents a critical natural resource that is affected by changes in natural supply and renewal, as well as by increasing human demand and consumption. However, despite its critical role, groundwater is difficult to accurately quantify as it is beneath the Earth surface. Here, we review several state‐of‐the‐art remote sensing techniques useful for local‐ to global‐scale groundwater monitoring and assessment, including proxies for groundwater extraction. These include inferring changes in subsurface water from mass changes using gravitational measurements, and analyzing changes in the Earth surface height using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Light Detection and Ranging, Airborne Electromagnetic Systems, and satellite altimetry. Remote sensing information is often used in tandem with ground‐based observations such as hydraulic head in wells, Global Navigational Satellite System monitoring, and numerical modeling to complement the space‐based approaches. In the future, fusing different remote sensing techniques capable of operating in various environments will yield additional insight on the state and rate of use for groundwater across the globe.
Multiplexed electrospraying of water in cone-jet mode using a UV-embossed pyramidal micronozzle film
Authors: Jeong Ji-hun , Park Kwangseok , Kim Hyoungsoo , Park Inyong , Choi Jinyoung , Lee Seung S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electrospraying of water in the cone-jet mode is difficult in practical applications owing to its low throughput and the electrical discharge caused by the high surface tension of water. A film with multiple dielectric micronozzles is essential for multiplexed electrospraying of water in cone-jet mode without electrical discharge. Thus, a pyramidal micronozzle film with five nozzles was fabricated using the UV-embossing process. The pyramidal micronozzle film consisted of pyramidal micronozzles, a micropillar array, and an in-plane extractor, which were proposed to minimize wetting and concentrate the electric field to the water meniscus at the tip of the pyramidal micronozzle. The electrospraying of water using a single pyramidal micronozzle was visualized by a high-speed camera at a flow rate of 0.15–0.50 ml/h with voltages of 0.0–2.3 kV, −1.6 kV, and −4.0 kV at the water, guide ring, and collector, respectively. Three distinct modes, the dripping, spindle, and cone-jet modes, were observed and distinguished according to the motion of the water meniscus at the nozzle tip. The steady Taylor cone and jet were observed in a voltage range of 1.3–2.0 kV in water, particularly in cone-jet mode. Multiplexed electrospraying of water in cone-jet mode at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/h was performed using a pyramidal micronozzle film, demonstrating the potential for a high-throughput electrospraying system.
DNA methylation as a potential mediator of the association between prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure and child neurodevelopment in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Abrishamcar Sarina , Chen Junyu , Feil Dakotah , Kilanowski Anna , Koen Nastassja , Vanker Aneesa , Wedderburn Catherine J. , Donald Kirsten A. , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. , Hüls Anke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have been associated with an increased risk of delayed neurodevelopment in children as well as differential newborn DNA methylation (DNAm). However, the biological mechanisms connecting PTE and PAE, DNAm, and neurodevelopment are largely unknown. Here we aim to determine whether differential DNAm mediates the association between PTE and PAE and neurodevelopment at 6 (N = 112) and 24 months (N = 184) in children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study. PTE and PAE were assessed antenatally using urine cotinine measurements and the ASSIST questionnaire, respectively. Cord blood DNAm was measured using the EPIC and 450 K BeadChips. Neurodevelopment (cognitive, language, motor, adaptive behavior, socioemotional) was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. We constructed methylation risk scores (MRS) for PTE and PAE and conducted causal mediation analysis (CMA) with these MRS as mediators. Next, we conducted a high-dimensional mediation analysis to identify individual CpG sites as potential mediators, followed by a CMA to estimate the average causal mediation effects (ACME) and total effect (TE). PTE and PAE were associated with neurodevelopment at 6 but not at 24 months. PTE MRS reached a prediction accuracy (R2) of 0.23 but did not significantly mediate the association between PTE and neurodevelopment. PAE MRS was not predictive of PAE (R2 = 0.006). For PTE, 31 CpG sites and eight CpG sites were identified as significant mediators (ACME and TEP < 0.05) for the cognitive and motor domains at 6 months, respectively. For PAE, 16 CpG sites and 1 CpG site were significant mediators for the motor and adaptive behavior domains at 6 months, respectively. Several of the associated genes, includingMAD1L1, CAMTA1, andALDH1A2have been implicated in neurodevelopmental delay, suggesting that differential DNAm may partly explain the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between PTE and PAE and child neurodevelopment.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition synergizes with MDM2 inhibition to suppress TP53 wild-type cancer cells in p53 isoform-dependent manner
Authors: Li Ying , Wu Meng , Zhang Lili , Wan Li , Li Hexin , Zhang Lanxin , Sun Gaoyuan , Huang Wei , Zhang Junhua , Su Fei , Tang Min , Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe restoration of the normal function of the tumour suppressors, such as p53, is an important strategy in tumour therapeutics. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) inhibition by NMD inhibitor (NMDi) upregulates functional p53 isoforms, p53β and p53γ, and activates the p53 pathway. XR-2, a novel mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between p53 and MDM2, thus decreasing the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 and increasing the p53 protein levels. However, the combined effects of these two agents have not been thoroughly explored. This study combined XR-2 and NMDi in four TP53 wild-types and four TP53-mutated cancer cell lines. The combination of these two agents achieved significant synergistic effects on TP53 wild-type cancer cell lines by transactivating p53 target genes, inducing apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. The p53β isoform induced by NMDi enhances the transactivation ability of p53α induced by XR-2, which partially explains the mechanism of the synergistic effects of XR-2 and NMDi. This study identified a combination treatment of NMDi and XR-2 which could serve as a novel cancer therapeutic approach for MDM2-overexpressed TP53 wild-type cancers and delineated a future therapy based on the further reactivation of p53.
Genomic basis of insularity and ecological divergence in barn owls (Tyto alba) of the Canary Islands
Authors: Cumer Tristan , Machado Ana Paula , Siverio Felipe , Cherkaoui Sidi Imad , Roque Inês , Lourenço Rui , Charter Motti , Roulin Alexandre , Goudet Jérôme 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIslands, and the particular organisms that populate them, have long fascinated biologists. Due to their isolation, islands offer unique opportunities to study the effect of neutral and adaptive mechanisms in determining genomic and phenotypical divergence. In the Canary Islands, an archipelago rich in endemics, the barn owl (Tyto alba), present in all the islands, is thought to have diverged into a subspecies (T. a. gracilirostris) on the eastern ones, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. Taking advantage of 40 whole-genomes and modern population genomics tools, we provide the first look at the origin and genetic makeup of barn owls of this archipelago. We show that the Canaries hold diverse, long-standing and monophyletic populations with a neat distinction of gene pools from the different islands. Using a new method, less sensitive to structure than classical FST, to detect regions involved in local adaptation to insular environments, we identified a haplotype-like region likely under selection in all Canaries individuals and genes in this region suggest morphological adaptations to insularity. In the eastern islands, where the subspecies is present, genomic traces of selection pinpoint signs of adapted body proportions and blood pressure, consistent with the smaller size of this population living in a hot arid climate. In turn, genomic regions under selection in the western barn owls from Tenerife showed an enrichment in genes linked to hypoxia, a potential response to inhabiting a small island with a marked altitudinal gradient. Our results illustrate the interplay of neutral and adaptive forces in shaping divergence and early onset speciation.
Systematic identification of intron retention associated variants from massive publicly available transcriptome sequencing data
Authors: Shiraishi Yuichi , Okada Ai , Chiba Kenichi , Kawachi Asuka , Omori Ikuko , Mateos Raúl Nicolás , Iida Naoko , Yamauchi Hirofumi , Kosaki Kenjiro , Yoshimi Akihide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany disease-associated genomic variants disrupt gene function through abnormal splicing. With the advancement of genomic medicine, identifying disease-associated splicing associated variants has become more important than ever. Most bioinformatics approaches to detect splicing associated variants require both genome and transcriptomic data. However, there are not many datasets where both of them are available. In this study, we develop a methodology to detect genomic variants that cause splicing changes (more specifically, intron retention), using transcriptome sequencing data alone. After evaluating its sensitivity and precision, we apply it to 230,988 transcriptome sequencing data from the publicly available repository and identified 27,049 intron retention associated variants (IRAVs). In addition, by exploring positional relationships with variants registered in existing disease databases, we extract 3,000 putative disease-associated IRAVs, which range from cancer drivers to variants linked with autosomal recessive disorders. The in-silico screening framework demonstrates the possibility of near-automatically acquiring medical knowledge, making the most of massively accumulated publicly available sequencing data. Collections of IRAVs identified in this study are available through IRAVDB (https://iravdb.io/).
Experimental validation that human microbiome phages use alternative genetic coding
Authors: Peters Samantha L. , Borges Adair L. , Giannone Richard J. , Morowitz Michael J. , Banfield Jillian F. , Hettich Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious bioinformatic analyses of metagenomic data have indicated that bacteriophages can use genetic codes different from those of their host bacteria. In particular, reassignment of stop codon TAG to glutamine (a variation known as ‘genetic code 15’) has been predicted. Here, we use LC-MS/MS-based metaproteomics of human fecal samples to provide experimental evidence of the use of genetic code 15 in two crAss-like phages. Furthermore, the proteomic data from several phage structural proteins supports the reassignment of the TAG stop codon to glutamine late in the phage infection cycle. Thus, our work experimentally validates the expression of genetic code 15 in human microbiome phages.
SARS-CoV-2 infects adipose tissue in a fat depot- and viral lineage-dependent manner
Authors: Saccon Tatiana Dandolini , Mousovich-Neto Felippe , Ludwig Raissa Guimarães , Carregari Victor Corasolla , dos Anjos Souza Ana Beatriz , dos Passos Amanda Stephane Cruz , Martini Matheus Cavalheiro , Barbosa Priscilla Paschoal , de Souza Gabriela Fabiano , Muraro Stéfanie Primon , Forato Julia , Amorim Mariene Ribeiro , Marques Rafael Elias , Veras Flavio Protasio , Barreto Ester , Gonçalves Tiago Tomazini , Paiva Isadora Marques , Fazolini Narayana P. B. , Onodera Carolina Mie Kawagosi , Martins Junior Ronaldo Bragança , de Araújo Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti , Batah Sabrina Setembre , Viana Rosa Maria Mendes , de Melo Danilo Machado , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Arruda Eurico , Queiroz Cunha Fernando , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Pretti Marco Antônio M. , Smith Bradley Joseph , Marques-Souza Henrique , Knittel Thiago L. , Ruiz Gabriel Palermo , Profeta Gerson S. , Fontes-Cal Tereza Cristina Minto , Boroni Mariana , Vinolo Marco Aurélio Ramirez , Farias Alessandro S. , Moraes-Vieira Pedro Manoel M. , Bizzacchi Joyce Maria Annichino , Teesalu Tambet , Chaim Felipe David Mendonça , Cazzo Everton , Chaim Elinton Adami , Proença-Módena José Luiz , Martins-de-Souza Daniel , Osako Mariana Kiomy , Leiria Luiz Osório , Mori Marcelo A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVisceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and a link between adipose tissue infection and disease progression has been proposed. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infects human adipose tissue and undergoes productive infection in fat cells. However, susceptibility to infection and the cellular response depends on the anatomical origin of the cells and the viral lineage. Visceral fat cells express more ACE2 and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than their subcutaneous counterparts. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to inhibition of lipolysis in subcutaneous fat cells, while in visceral fat cells, it results in higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Viral load and cellular response are attenuated when visceral fat cells are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. A similar degree of cell death occurs 4-days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the cell origin or viral lineage. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infects human fat cells, replicating and altering cell function and viability in a depot- and viral lineage-dependent fashion.
Eolian chronology reveals causal links between tectonics, climate, and erg generation
Authors: Vainer Shlomy , Matmon Ari , Ben Dor Yoav , Verrecchia Eric P. , Eckardt Frank ,   ASTER Team, Aumaître Georges , Bourlès Didier L. , Keddadouche Karim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvaluating the impact and implications of eolian repositories that mark large-scale climatic transitions requires knowledge about the timing of their emplacement and the mechanisms responsible for their production, which remain highly uncertain. Here we apply numerical modeling of cosmogenic nuclide data, measured in the largest continuous terrestrial body of sand on Earth, to determine settings under which the sand was generated, by constraining the timing of sand introduction into the interior of southern Africa. Our findings reveal that major events of sand formation and accumulation in the Kalahari Basin occurred between ~2.2 and 1 Myr ago. The establishment of the Kalahari sand field corresponds to regional, continental, and global scale morphotectonic and climatic changes that contributed to the mass production and widespread dispersion of sand. These changes substantially altered existing habitats, thus constituting a crucial milestone for flora, fauna, and hominins in southern Africa during the Pleistocene.