bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse Properties of Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxies of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Hatsukade Bunyo , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Niino Yuu , Hsu Tzu-Yin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report the properties of molecular gas in a sample of six host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) obtained from CO observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (FRBs 20180924B, 20190102C, and 20190711A), the results of one nondetection in a dwarf galaxy (FRB 20121102A), and two events detected in M81 (FRB 20200120E) and the Milky Way (FRB 20200428A). The CO observations resulted in the detection of CO(3–2) emission in the FRB 20180924B host and nondetections of CO(3–2) and CO(2–1) emission in the hosts of FRB 20190102C and FRB 20190711A, respectively. The derived molecular gas mass and 3σ upper limit is (2.4 ± 0.2) × 109
M
⊙, <3.8 × 108
M
⊙, and <6.7 × 109
M
⊙ for the hosts of FRB 20180924B, FRB 20190102C, and FRB 20190711A, respectively. We found diversity in molecular gas properties (gas mass, gas depletion time, and gas fraction to stellar mass) in the sample. Compared to other star-forming galaxies, the FRB 20180924B host is gas-rich (the larger molecular gas fraction), and the hosts of FRB 20190102C and FRB 20200120E are gas-poor with a shorter depletion time for their stellar mass and star formation rate. Our findings suggest that FRBs arise from multiple progenitors or single progenitors that can exist in a wide range of galaxy environments. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference in the distribution of molecular gas fraction between the FRB hosts and local star-forming galaxies. However, the difference is not substantial when an outlier, the FRB 20200120E host, is excluded, and analysis with a larger sample is needed.
Nanoflare Heating of the Solar Corona Observed in X-Rays
Authors: Upendran Vishal , Tripathi Durgesh , Mithun N. P. S. , Vadawale Santosh , Bhardwaj Anil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The existence of the million-degree corona above the cooler photosphere is an unsolved problem in astrophysics. Detailed study of the quiescent corona that exists regardless of the phase of the solar cycle may provide fruitful hints toward resolving this conundrum. However, the properties of heating mechanisms can be obtained only statistically in these regions due to their unresolved nature. Here, we develop a two-step inversion scheme based on the machine-learning scheme of Upendran & Tripathi (2021a) for the empirical impulsive heating model of Pauluhn & Solanki (2007), and apply it to disk integrated flux measurements of the quiet corona as measured by the X-ray solar monitor on board Chandrayaan-2. We use data in three energy passbands, viz, 1–1.3, 1.3–2.3, and 1–2.3 keV, and estimate the typical impulsive event frequencies, timescales, amplitudes, and the distribution of amplitudes. We find that the impulsive events occur at a frequency of ≈25 events per minute with a typical lifetime of ≈10 minutes. They are characterized by a power-law distribution with a slope α ≤ 2.0. The typical amplitudes of these events lie in an energy range of 1021–1024 erg, with a typical radiative loss of about ≈103 erg cm−2 s−1 in the energy range of 1–2.3 keV. These results provide further constraints on the properties of subpixel impulsive events in maintaining the quiet solar corona.
The Sparse Atmospheric Model Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) Intercomparison: Motivations and Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Haqq-Misra Jacob , Wolf Eric T. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Shields Aomawa L. , Kopparapu Ravi K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Planets in synchronous rotation around low-mass stars are the most salient targets for current ground- and space-based missions to observe and characterize. Such model calculations can help to prioritize targets for observation with current and future missions; however, intrinsic differences in the complexity and physical parameterizations of various models can lead to different predictions of a planet’s climate state. Understanding model differences is necessary if such models are to guide target selection and aid in the analysis of observations. This paper presents a protocol to intercompare models of a hypothetical planet with a 15-day synchronous rotation period around a 3000 K blackbody star across a parameter space of surface pressure and incident instellation. We conduct a sparse sample of 16 cases from a previously published exploration of this parameter space with the ExoPlaSim model. By selecting particular cases across this broad parameter space, the SAMOSA intercomparison will identify areas where simpler models are sufficient, as well as areas where more complex GCMs are required. Our preliminary comparison using ExoCAM shows general consistency between the climate state predicted by ExoCAM and ExoPlaSim except in regions of the parameter space most likely to be in a steam atmosphere or incipient runaway greenhouse state. We use this preliminary analysis to define several options for participation in the intercomparison by models of all levels of complexity. The participation of other GCMs is crucial to understand how the atmospheric states across this parameter space differ with model capabilities.
New Views of the Internal Structure of Planum Boreum from Enhanced 3D Imaging of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Shallow Radar Data
Authors: Putzig Nathaniel E. , Foss II Frederick J. , Campbell Bruce A. , Holt John W. , Perry Matthew R. , Smith Isaac B. , Russell Aaron T. , Nerozzi Stefano , Christoffersen Michael S. , Mueller Isabella H. , Sava Paul C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present first results from a new 3D radargram produced from 3399 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar observations of the north polar region of Mars. While incorporating an additional 5 yr of observations relative to the prior 3D radargram, we employed surface-clutter simulations to improve the coregistration of the input data and thereby enhance the effective vertical resolution of features. Combining those improvements with the geometric corrections and an increase in signal-to-noise ratio afforded by the 3D imaging process, this data product provides new details about the interior of Planum Boreum, the Martian north polar cap. We assess the overall characteristics and compare portions of the new 3D radargram to results from prior studies that used either the prior 3D radargram or sets of 2D radargrams from individual MRO orbits. We find that the new 3D radargram has recovered essentially all of the vertical resolution inherent to the input data, and the increased coverage density has substantially reduced artifacts while enabling much greater detail in the imaging of subsurface layering and structures. These improvements extend throughout the 3D radargram, from the basal units to the shallowest subsurface layering in Planum Boreum, and out into the surrounding plains. Subsurface features such as a buried chasma, other layering structures and unconformities, and trough-bounding surfaces that offset shallow layering are now visible in unprecedented detail. A thorough analysis of this new 3D radargram and its implications for the geologic and climate history of Planum Boreum will extend over many years.
Correlation between Aβ1–42, Dnmt3a2, urinary AD7c-NTP and cognitive dysfunction in first-episode and recurrent MDD: A case–control study
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Liu Yuxia , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhang Huijie , Feng Tingting , Pang Jianyue , Li Hengfen 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and involves cognitive dysfunction that may negatively impact clinical and social outcomes. Previous studies have suggested that beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ1–42), DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt3a2), and urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) are associated with cognitive impairment. However, there are no relevant studies in MDD. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum Aβ1–42, Dnmt3a2, and urinary AD7c-NTP and cognitive dysfunction in MDD.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 59 eligible patients were included in the study, including 29 patients with first-episode MDD (FEDs) and 30 patients with recurrent MDD (RMDDs), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) were selected. Participants’ cognitive functioning was evaluated using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the concentrations of the three proteins. Statistical analysis was completed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. The statistical significance was set as P < 0.05.

Results:
Serum Dnmt3a2 and urinary AD7c-NTP showed significant differences among the three groups (both P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in Aβ1–42 levels. Upon examining the results of cognitive testing, we found that serum Aβ1–42 was negatively associated with working memory scores in RMDDs (P = 0.020), but Dnmt3a2 was positively associated with working memory and verbal learning scores in the same cohort (P = 0.012 and P = 0.037, respectively). In contrast, urinary AD7c-NTP was negatively correlated with verbal learning scores in FEDs (P = 0.013).

Conclusions:
Serum Dnmt3a2 and Aβ1–42 levels may be associated with cognitive impairment in RMDDs and may act as potential biomarkers of cognitive impairment. Although urinary AD7c-NTP was closely related to cognitive dysfunction in FEDs, this relationship did not hold in RMDDs.
Efficacy of a suicide sensitisation and prevention (SSP) workshop for medical students on their attitudes, beliefs, and factual knowledge on suicide: A pilot study
Authors: Harshe Devavrat , Harshe Sneha , Behere Prakash , Halder Ankit , Ravindran Navna P , Avula Nikhil , Nair Aditya , Harshe Gurudas 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Myths and stigma about suicide and mental health among doctors are widely prevalent in India. Didactic methods of teaching alone may not be adequate to bridge the knowledge gap.

Methods:
Fifty-seven MBBS students participated voluntarily by accepting an invitation. They were examined pre-intervention with the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) for their attitudes and beliefs about suicide. Students then underwent a custom-made extracurricular Suicide Sensitization and Prevention workshop. It consisted of a 120-min session that included a didactic session on the bio-psycho-social model of suicide and two role-plays demonstrating Suicide Prevention Early Intervention Communication (SPEIC). Students were examined again after seven days with SOQ, and with the SPEIC checklist.

Results:
Fifty students completed the study protocol. There was a 9.5% increase in SOQ scores post-intervention indicating a change toward positive attitudes/beliefs about suicide. The emotional perturbation subscale showed the highest degree of improvement, whereas the acceptability subscale showed the least improvement. Students were able to recall 40% and 60% from the Do-Checklist and the Do Not Checklist from the SPEIC after seven days from the workshop. There was no difference in SOQ performances pre- and post-intervention in students who knew someone with psychiatric illness, or with a history of an attempt or death by suicide.

Conclusion:
Using role-plays and interactive teaching methods can be effective in teaching psychiatry and mental health issues to medical students. The results indicate not only better understanding of subject matter but also recall after a week from the intervention.
Association of TLR-4 896A/G, TLR-4 1196C/T, and TLR-9 C/T polymorphism with schizophrenia in Indian Bengalee patient
Authors: Gurung Jiwan , Bera Nirmal Kumar , Lama Manoj , Singh Bisu 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Chronic low-grade inflammation triggered by viral agents is a suggested etiological factor for schizophrenia. However, the underlying mechanism of inflammation and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia is poorly understood. Toll-like receptor (TLR) is a potential candidate gene to understand the inflammatory process and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia as they are known to express widely in brain cells and can modulate cytokine synthesis through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. To date, no TLR mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms have been established as accepted risk factors for schizophrenia.

Aim:
Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes in the etiopathology of schizophrenia.

Methods:
A total of 120 India-born Bengalee schizophrenia patients fulfilling diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-V criteria, and 145 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Previous virally associated SNPs in TLR genes were genotyped by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The allele frequency was compared using the odds ratio, and the association was studied under five inheritance models using the SNPStats program.

Results:
The frequencies of G allele (OR = 2.68, P = 0.01) and A/G genotype of TLR-4 rs4986790 (P = 0.04), T allele (OR = 4.09, P = 0.01) and C/T genotype of TLR-4 rs4986791 (P = 0.05), and T allele of TLR-9 rs352140 (OR = 1.77; P = 0.00) were found to be significantly high in patients. The dominant model was the optimum genetic model for TLR-4 rs4986790 (OR = 3.24, P = 0.01) and TLR-9 rs352140 (OR = 2.88, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that SNPs in TLR genes rs4986790, rs4986791, and rs352140 may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia among Indian Bengalee patients.
Genetic evidence for association of NOTCH4 variant rs2071287 with schizophrenia susceptibility in the North Indian population
Authors: Priya Indu , Arora Manu , Singh Hemender , Sharma Isar , Mahajan Ritu , Kapoor Nisha 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Neurogenic locus notch homolog 4 (NOTCH4) regulates signaling pathways associated with neuronal maturation, a process involved in the development and patterning of the central nervous system. The NOTCH4 gene has also been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (SCZ).

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the association of NOTCH4 polymorphisms with the risk of SCZ in the North Indian population of the Jammu region.

Methods:
The single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping for NOTCH4 variant rs2071287 was done by Sanger’s sequencing method, and the other variant rs3131296 was done by TaqMan assay method for 207 SCZ cases and 304 healthy controls of North Indian origin.

Results:
This association study suggested that the rs2071287 was found to be significantly associated with SCZ. Moreover, the GG genotype of rs2071287 was observed to be associated with a higher risk for SCZ (P-value = 6.45 × 10 − 5; OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.31–2.24).

Conclusion:
To establish the potential biomarker role of this variant, large-scale association analyses in other populations is required.
Review on Social Media and Digital Security
Authors: Yahya Hussien Amar 
Published: November 2022

The emerging social media with inherent capabilities seems to be gaining edge over comprehensiveness, diversity and wisdom, nevertheless its security and trustworthiness issues have also become increasingly serious, which need to be addressed urgently. The available studies mainly aim at both social media content and user security, including model, protocol, mechanism and algorithm. Unfortunately, there is a lack of investigating on effective and efficient evaluations and measurements for security and trustworthiness of various social media tools, platforms and applications, thus has effect on their further improvement and evolution. To address the challenge, this paper firstly made a survey on the state-of-the-art of social media networks security and trustworthiness particularly for the increasingly growing sophistication and variety of attacks as well as related intelligence applications. And then, we highlighted a new direction on evaluating and measuring those fundamental and underlying platforms, meanwhile proposing a hierarchical architecture for crowd evaluations based on signaling theory and crowd computing, which is essential for social media ecosystem. Finally, we conclude our work with several open issues and cutting-edge challenges.
Governança para a administração pública federal: avaliação das práticas das universidades federais da região sul
Authors: Minuzzi Danielle , Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado 
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho objetiva identificar quais as melhores práticas de governança para as universidades federais da região sul do Brasil baseado nos princípios e práticas de governança propostos pela International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) e Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA). O estudo abrange as onze universidades federais da região Sul do Brasil. Foi realizado checklist de verificação de três das quatro dimensões de governança propostas pelo Study 13 (IFAC, 2011) nos sítios das universidades, e aplicação de questionário aos membros dos conselhos universitários para verificação de uma quarta dimensão. Para o International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector (IFAC; CIPFA, 2014) foi aplicado questionário aos membros dos conselhos universitários. Dentre os principais resultados identificou-se um nível de aderência médio ao Study 13, e nível de aderência alto ao Framework internacional de boa governança no setor público. As maiores forças se referem aos relatórios anuais de gestão e contábeis, importantes instrumentos de transparência e prestação de contas das universidades federais. Quanto às maiores deficiências, nenhuma universidade conta com Comitê de Auditoria, e não foram encontrados documentos que estabeleçam a estratégia financeira. Notou-se que as universidades com maiores pontuações em um framework obtiveram os piores resultados no outro, o que pode configurar um gap entre a percepção do corpo de conselheiros e as práticas de governança empreendidas pelas instituições.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 11 No. 4
Authors: Young Jenny 
Published: November 2022

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from August 1, 2022, to November 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Dilek Kaya-Akyüzlü, Ankara University, TurkeyFarhaoui Mohamed, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, MoroccoGandhi Escajadillo Toledo, The National Technological University of South Lima, PeruHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseManuel Mendoza-Carranza, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), MexicoMohammad Aghababaei, Washington State University, USASyakir Amir Ab. Rahman, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTaina da Silva Rocha Paz, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
Environment, Social and Governance Reporting and Firm Performance: Evidence from GCC Countries
Authors: Sharma Raj Bahadur , Lodha Shilpa , Sharma Asha , Ali Sajid , Elmezughi Abdalla Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of ESG reporting on firm performance, Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) are a triple-bottom-line approach that combines financial gains with adhering to social, governance and environmental norms. In addition, the study's objective is to determine the relationship between ESG disclosure and firm performance in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) listed companies. ESG scores and other samples for 91 firms from 6 GCC countries were collected for this purpose over a three-year period from 2019, 2020 and 2021. The sample comprised nine diverse industries. The dependent variables are Return on Assets (ROA) and market capitalization , experimental variables are environmental pillar score, social pillar score, governance pillar score and overall ESG score and the control variables: size, leverage. The study found that ESG scores and governance pillar scores have a positive impact on a firm’s market value but environmental and social pillar scores were not significant. In addition, there is a strong relationship between all ESG disclosures and ECG scores.
Supervisory Styles and Teacher Commitment: Implications for Pedagogical Quality
Authors: Owusu-Addo Augustine , Gideon Alexander Yeboah , Anthony Kwarteng Addai-Amoah 
Published: November 2022

Ghanaians have expressed worries about the commitment of teachers at public pre-tertiary schools, which has resulted in falling educational standards in the country. Ghanaians have highlighted poor supervision as the primary cause of teachers' commitment, resulting in students’ poor academic performance in external examination. The present study examined supervisory styles and teacher commitment in senior high schools. Using three senior high schools in a Municipality in the Bono region of Ghana as the point of call, this paper provides empirical insights on whether or not supervisory styles of headteachers affect teacher commitment. 152 teachers were sampled using the proportionate sampling technique. The findings indicated that all the supervisory types were perceived to be practiced in the schools. Inquiry-based supervision, however, was adjudged the most practiced supervisory type in the schools. The findings show that only clinical supervision significantly contributes to the prediction of teacher commitment in schools. It was recommended, among other things, that school heads create a working environment that is more supportive, caring, and positive, which provides a space for regular communication, problem-solving and pedagogical quality.