bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonvascular Nervous System Complications in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Palabiyik Figen , Koral Korgün , Pruthi Sumit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus which primarily targets the lungs. However, the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system involvement due to COVID-19, however, has been reported as early as the cases of respiratory system involvement. In addition, there have been many reports describing neuroimaging features of COVID-19, but data beyond case studies in the pediatric population are still limited, indicating limited CNS involvement. The CNS involvement and complications include, but are not limited to, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, ischemic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, acute cerebellitis, acute hemorrhagic myelitis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. In this manuscript, we will discuss the imaging characteristics of some of these entities with a known diagnosis of COVID-19.
L’acquisition des objets directs et indirects en français L1
Authors: Bello Sophia , Pirvulescu Mihaela 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
Cet article compare la production des clitiques objets directs (OD) et indirects (OI) chez les enfants
francophones. L’analyse s’appuie, d’une part, sur des données spontanées du corpus York de la base de données CHILDES, et d’autre
part, sur des données induites récoltées auprès de 48 enfants francophones âgés de 3;03 à 5;02 ans. Les résultats montrent que les
enfants préfèrent l’omission des clitiques OD et OI à toute autre possibilité, et maintiennent l’omission des clitiques OI pendant
plus longtemps que celle des clitiques OD. Nous concluons qu’il existe une asymétrie dans l’acquisition des clitiques objets. Nous
proposons que cette asymétrie provient d’une asymétrie structurelle dans la grammaire cible en ce que les enfants possèdent la
configuration computationnelle, mais doivent toujours apprendre le contenu lexical de chaque verbe afin de restreindre la portée
des omissions.
Audiovisual input in L2 learning
Authors: Muñoz Carmen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of research showing the advantages of audiovisual input in enhancing
second/foreign language learning. It reviews the theoretical frameworks that explain the processing of audiovisual input and its
language learning outcomes, presents the multimodal complexity of audiovisual input, and discusses its various components,
focusing largely on research findings that indicate the potential of subtitles and captions for enhancing language learning. The
paper goes on to address the learning that occurs through audiovisual input and issues related to processing and attention,
examined primarily through eye-tracking data. Lastly, it discusses learner-specific factors, namely the role of working memory and
aptitude, and learner perceptions of the viewing experience.
Responding to radiation accidents: what more do we need to know?
Authors: Thorne M C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A short review of the various types of radiation incidents and accidents that have occurred is used to provide a context for discussing the findings on medical management of the victims of such incidents and accidents reported in a recent Special Issue of the Journal of Radiological Protection. The review demonstrates that accidents and incidents giving rise to high radiation doses may involve over-exposure of a single individual, a few individuals, or very large numbers. In general, these exposures will be relatively short-term, ranging from a few seconds to a few days, but chronic situations resulting in high exposures can occur. Some of these exposures may be highly localised, whereas others may result in almost uniform whole-body irradiation. This diversity of situations means that it is not feasible to have a single protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of over-exposed individuals. If the over-exposures are limited to one or a few individuals, these can be addressed on a case-by-case basis. However, where large numbers have been exposed or may have been exposed, there is a need to implement a rapid and effective system of triage. Furthermore, this system is likely to have to be implemented by individuals who have little or no direct experience of radiation-induced injuries. For those individuals who may have been significantly exposed, the key consideration is not to determine the radiation dose that they have received, but to establish their present clinical status and how it is likely to develop with time. There is at most a very limited role for bone-marrow transplantation in the treatment of acute radiation syndrome, whereas there are good arguments for administering various treatments to boost bone marrow function together with other supportive interventions, e.g. in control of infections and handling both fluid loss and bleeding. However, there is concern that the focus to date has been only on the licencing of drugs related to the management of haematopoietic effects. Although a great deal is known about the diagnosis and treatment of injuries arising from high dose exposures, this knowledge is biased towards situations in which there is relatively uniform, external whole-body exposure. More attention needs to be given to assessing the implications of various inhomogeneous exposure regimes and to developing medical countermeasures optimised for addressing the complex, multi-organ effects likely to arise from such inhomogeneous exposures.
Modeling and simulations of a nonlinear granular metamaterial: application to geometric phase-based mass sensing
Authors: Hasan M Arif , Deymier Pierre A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dynamical simulations of an externally harmonically driven model granular metamaterial composed of four linearly and nonlinearly coupled granules show that the nonlinear normal mode can be expressed in a linear normal mode orthonormal basis with time dependent complex coefficients. These coefficients form the components of a state vector that spans a 22 dimensional Hilbert space parametrically with time. Local π jumps in the phase of these components occurring periodically are indicative of topological features in the manifold spanned by the geometric phase of the vibrational state of the metamaterial. We demonstrate that these topological features can be exploited to realize high sensitivity mass sensor. The effect of dissipation on sensitivity is also reported. Nonlinear granular metamaterials with very low dissipation could serve as mass sensors with considerable sensitivity to small mass changes via large changes in geometric phase.
Cluster-enabled patterning of copper nanostructures from aqueous solution using a femtosecond laser
Authors: Luo Zhijun , Zeng Zhihao , Liu Ziyu , Wang Duan , Gan Zongsong , Xie Changsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A one-step method for patterning low-resistivity nanoscale copper wire is proposed herein to solve the challenging issues of using common metals rather than noble metal nanostructures fabricated by direct laser writing in solution. A complexing and a reducing agent were introduced for the single-photon absorption of copper solution in the visible range and to enable two-photon absorption with a femtosecond laser. Copper clusters were generated prior to direct laser writing to decrease induced laser energy during two-photon absorption and accelerate copper nanowire patterning to avoid the boiling of copper solution. A surfactant was used to restrain the overgrowth of copper clusters to obtain written nanowires with high uniformity. By controlling the laser writing parameters, the obtained copper wire had a minimum width of 230 nm and a resistivity of 1.22 × 10−5 Ω·m. Our method paves the way for the fabrication of common metal nanodevices by direct laser writing.
Prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer with recurrent neural networks and raw ultrasound signals
Authors: Byra Michal , Dobruch-Sobczak Katarzyna , Piotrzkowska-Wroblewska Hanna , Klimonda Ziemowit , Litniewski Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Prediction of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer is important for patient outcomes. In this work, we propose a deep learning based approach to NAC response prediction in ultrasound (US) imaging. Approach. We develop recurrent neural networks that can process serial US imaging data to predict chemotherapy outcomes. We present models that can process either raw radio-frequency (RF) US data or regular US images. The proposed approach is evaluated based on 204 sequences of US data from 51 breast cancers. Each sequence included US data collected before the chemotherapy and after each subsequent dose, up to the 4th course. We investigate three pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as back-bone feature extractors for the recurrent network. The CNNs were pre-trained using raw US RF data, US b-mode images and RGB images from the ImageNet dataset. The first two networks were developed using US data collected from malignant and benign breast masses. Main results. For the pre-treatment data, the better performing network, with back-bone CNN pre-trained on US images, achieved area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.81 (±0.04). Performance of the recurrent networks improved with each course of the chemotherapy. For the 4th course, the better performing model, based on the CNN pre-trained with RGB images, achieved AUC value of 0.93 (±0.03). Statistical analysis based on the DeLong test presented that there were no significant differences in AUC values between the pre-trained networks at each stage of the chemotherapy (p-values > 0.05). Significance. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using recurrent neural networks for the NAC response prediction in breast cancer US.
Towards an automatic narcolepsy detection on ambiguous sleep staging and sleep transition dynamics joint model
Authors: Shen Ning , Luo Tian , Chen Chen , Zhang Yanjiong , Zhu Hangyu , Zhou Yuanfeng , Wang Yi , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Mixing/dissociation of sleep stages in narcolepsy adds to the difficulty in automatic sleep staging. Moreover, automatic analytical studies for narcolepsy and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) have only done automatic sleep staging without leveraging the sleep stage profile for further patient identification. This study aims to establish an automatic narcolepsy detection method for MSLT. Approach. We construct a two-phase model on MSLT recordings, where ambiguous sleep staging and sleep transition dynamics make joint efforts to address this issue. In phase 1, we extract representative features from electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) signals. Then, the features are input to an EasyEnsemble classifier for automatic sleep staging. In phase 2, we investigate sleep transition dynamics, including sleep stage transitions and sleep stages, and output likelihood of narcolepsy by virtue of principal component analysis (PCA) and a logistic regression classifier. To demonstrate the proposed framework in clinical application, we conduct experiments on 24 participants from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, considering ten patients with narcolepsy and fourteen patients with MSLT negative. Main results. Applying the two-phase leave-one-subject-out testing scheme, the model reaches an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 87.5%, 80.0%, and 92.9% for narcolepsy detection. Influenced by disease pathology, accuracy of automatic sleep staging in narcolepsy appears to decrease compared to that in the non-narcoleptic population. Significance. This method can automatically and efficiently distinguish patients with narcolepsy based on MSLT. It probes into the amalgamation of automatic sleep staging and sleep transition dynamics for narcolepsy detection, which would assist clinic and neuroelectrophysiology specialists in visual interpretation and diagnosis.
Kinematics of individual muscle units in natural contractions measured in vivo using ultrafast ultrasound
Authors: Lubel Emma , Grandi Sgambato Bruno , Barsakcioglu Deren Y , Ibáñez Jaime , Tang Meng-Xing , Farina Dario 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. The study of human neuromechanical control at the motor unit (MU) level has predominantly focussed on electrical activity and force generation, whilst the link between these, i.e. the muscle deformation, has not been widely studied. To address this gap, we analysed the kinematics of muscle units in natural contractions. Approach. We combined high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) and ultrafast ultrasound (US) recordings, at 1000 frames per second, from the tibialis anterior muscle to measure the motion of the muscular tissue caused by individual MU contractions. The MU discharge times were identified online by decomposition of the HDsEMG and provided as biofeedback to 12 subjects who were instructed to keep the MU active at the minimum discharge rate (9.8 ± 4.7 pulses per second; force less than 10% of the maximum). The series of discharge times were used to identify the velocity maps associated with 51 single muscle unit movements with high spatio-temporal precision, by a novel processing method on the concurrently recorded US images. From the individual MU velocity maps, we estimated the region of movement, the duration of the motion, the contraction time, and the excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling delay. Main results. Individual muscle unit motions could be reliably identified from the velocity maps in 10 out of 12 subjects. The duration of the motion, total contraction time, and E–C coupling were 17.9

±

5.3 ms, 56.6

±

8.4 ms, and 3.8

±

3.0 ms (n = 390 across ten participants). The experimental measures also provided the first evidence of muscle unit twisting during voluntary contractions and MU territories with distinct split regions. Significance. The proposed method allows for the study of kinematics of individual MU twitches during natural contractions. The described measurements and characterisations open new avenues for the study of neuromechanics in healthy and pathological conditions.
Optimization and design on multi-layers of dielectric metasurface as broadband terahertz quarter wave plate
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Gong Yandong , Pang Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Planar metasurface-based quarter wave plates (QWPs) have significant advantages over conventional devices in terms of compactness, flexibility, and simplicity of manufacture; however, they offer a relatively narrow operational bandwidth. A broadband terahertz achromatic QWP is realized in the 0.68–1.48 THz spectral region in this work, which consists of several separate metasurface layers of dielectric elliptic pillars stacked together with various rotation angles. Meanwhile, an improved simulated annealing method is proposed, which introduces the evolutionary strategies to optimize the distinct fundamental microstructural unit cells, and the running speed is greatly increased. Furthermore, the proposed multi-layers metasurface may pave the way for arbitrary polarization control of incident waves and be ideally suited for application by virtue of subwavelength thickness in the other frequency bands as well.
The Privilege of Family History
Authors: Field Kendra T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article situates the recent phenomenon of historians writing openly about their own familial and kin networks. After a brief discussion of the evolution of family history as a scholarly field, this article foregrounds the experiences and words of a number of African Americans who engaged in a diverse range of historical, genealogical, archival, and memorial “family history” work over the last two centuries. In the context of slavery, I approach family history as a form of enslaved resistance and anti-slavery argument. In the post-emancipation era, I consider African American family history within and beyond the nascent historical profession amid the racist national backlash to Reconstruction and the early Jim Crow era. From the Great Migration and Harlem Renaissance to the modern civil rights era, I explore the popularization of African American family history, the rise of the “new” social history, and the waves of men and women who entered the profession at the intersection of scholarship and social movement. In closing, I reflect upon African American family history in the post-civil rights era, from Roots to the rise of genetic genealogy, and the legacies of these transformations for the historical profession.
The American Society for Clinical Pathology’s 2021 Wage Survey of Medical Laboratories in the United States
Authors: Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman , Fong Karen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To inform the pathology and laboratory field of the most recent national wage data. Historically, the results of this biennial survey have served as a basis for additional research on laboratory recruitment, retention, education, marketing, certification, and advocacy.

Methods
The 2021 Wage Survey was conducted through collaboration between the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy in Washington, DC, and the ASCP Board of Certification in Chicago, IL.

Results
Compared with 2019, results show that mean hourly wage for staff-level personnel increased for only two occupations—cytologist and medical laboratory scientist/medical technologist/clinical laboratory scientist—after adjusting for inflation. Geographically, laboratory professionals from urban areas continue to earn more than their rural counterparts. Most respondents reported no change in their salaries during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Conclusions
The pandemic had a significant effect on staffing, workload, and work-life balance of many laboratory professionals. Even with the salary increases reported from the results of this survey, it is evident that the increases have not kept up with the current inflation. Focus on visibility, recruitment and retention, and diversity are essential to develop long- and short-term solutions.
The Internal Point of View in Private Law
Authors: Miller Paul B , Pojanowski Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Most private law theorists claim to analyze private law from an internal point of view; a vantagepoint within which private law doctrine, institutions and procedure enjoy pride of place. Private law theory of a generation ago distinguished the internal from external points of view, valorizing the former and criticizing the latter for ignoring the normativity of private law or for mistaking private law for public law or regulation. The New Private Law, by contrast, asserts the complementarity of internal and external points of view, partly by emphasizing the value of functionalist analyses of legal form. In this article, we canvas leading accounts of the internal point of view in private law (provided by corrective justice and civil recourse theorists, respectively) and identify their shortcomings: notably, their inability to ground assertions about the normative and explanatory priority of the internal point of view, and about its relationship (whether of exclusivity or complementarity) to external points of view. We offer an alternative, and we think better, rendering of the internal point of view, drawing on the work of John Finnis. Amongst other things, our account vindicates the New Private Law’s alluring but elusive promise of perspectival integration, showing how private law may be understood as an interlocking set of practices of public practical deliberation equally concerned with reasoned compliance and behavioral conformity with practically reasonable laws.
The State before the State: A Critique of New Democracy: The Creation of the Modern American State, by William J Novak
Authors: Tomlins Christopher 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay is a critical appraisal of William Novak’s New Democracy, published in March 2022. A sequel to The People’s Welfare, published in 1996, New Democracy continues Novak’s revisionist account of American state building in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In particular, the book draws attention to the years between the American Civil War and the onset of the Great Depression as the formative period of the American administrative–regulatory state, assailing a historiography that has credited the epoch of the New Deal as the definitive creative moment of the modern American state. Assessing New Democracy’s evidence and arguments, the essay finds that Novak’s book makes an important contribution to the intellectual history of state advocacy, but fails to offer definitive empirical measures for its central claim that the New Deal origin of the modern American state is a myth. Examining the philosophy of history that lies beneath New Democracy’s arguments, the essay holds that Novak’s claim that history is irreversibly linear markedly constricts the interpretive possibilities open to him and to those who may follow his lead.
Language and Culture as Sources of Inequality in US Police Interrogations
Authors: Filipović Luna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to check whether minorities such as LEP/ZEP (limited/zero English proficiency) speakers can expect the same access to justice as competent English speakers in a majority language (US English) justice system. The main hypothesis is that, due to linguistic and cultural factors, the instances of miscommunication in the interrogation of LEP/ZEP suspects and witnesses will be more numerous than in the interrogation of the majority language (English) speakers. The data consist of authentic police interrogations by US law enforcement. All instances of miscommunication were classified based on the linguistic profiles of the interrogations: monolingual English, monolingual Spanish, and bilingual Spanish/English. The analyses were both quantitative and qualitative. Miscommunication occurs more frequently if interrogations are conducted bilingually (via interpreters) and cultural differences are exploited as part of pressure to confess. The main sources of miscommunication identified are (i) the questioning method, (ii) the lack of professional interpreting, and (iii) culture-specific communication patterns. We offer concrete suggestions for ensuring equality before the law for linguistic and cultural minorities.