bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P04-02 Are Older Adults Adhering to the Strength Component of the Physical Activity Guidelines?
Authors: Gluchowski Ashley , Bilsborough Helena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2019, the UK prominently placed the strength recommendations on their Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines infographic. The purpose of this study was to offer a nuanced description of older adults' awareness, understanding, and participation in activities that meet the strength component, as well as their perceived barriers to strength training participation.

Methods
Older adults living in the UK (n = 15, 70±3.3 years) volunteered to participate in one 30-minute, semi-structured, one-on-one interview on Zoom with the lead author. Advertisements were placed in ageing charity newsletters. People who identified as 65 years old or over and living in the UK were asked to respond via email if interested.

Results
Awareness. None of our participants were aware of the strength recommendations. “I honestly can't say that I ever recall seeing that.”
Understanding and Action. Walking was the most common modality for participants who believed they were meeting the strength guidelines. “I think I'm more than meeting them because … I do masses of walking …”
Suggestions for Improvement. Adding more detail to the guidelines and separating the guidelines based on ability, rather than chronological age, was suggested. “It's a bit subjective as to what counts as building strength.”
Barriers to Strength Training. Barriers included misconceptions about strength training in later life, “You know, you always know, don't overload yourself…I never push it.” and a lack of options for older adults who are not quite ready for classes for the oldest old, “There's a big cohort of us that are what you might call young old and the provision for us who are fit and active is sadly missing…the classes that are on are always for the older old”

Conclusion
Our participants reported an unawareness of the strength guidelines. Adherence reporting to the strength guidelines should be interpreted with abundance of caution, as older adults are largely unaware of what activities fulfill this requirement. Researchers & practitioners can influence the many barriers to strength training participation primarily with dissemination of accurate information and providing age & ability-appropriate strength prescription.
P04-03 Does physical activity improve an interaction between motor control and cognitive functions in elderly?
Authors: Česnaitienė Vida , Drozdova-Statkeviciene Margarita , Levin Oron , Ossowsky Marcin Zbigniew , Masiulis Nerijus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Normal aging is associated with progressive functional loss in many cognitive domains, including working memory, attention (van Raalten et al., 2008) and executive functions (Nyberg et al., 2008), responsible for the control of behavioral activities (Miller & Cohen, 2001). Research aim was to evaluate postural control and executive function during dual tasking in physically active and inactive old adults.

Methods
Participants were 42 older healthy human males and females (Mean age: 70.17±6.08 years). Posturography method with a single piezoelectric force plate was used to measure postural sway activity. For the evaluation of cognitive functions, we used Word Memory task with ten audio-recorded words (Lithuanian nouns) in each trial, and the Mathematical Processing Task, where negative or positive one-digit integer-numbers (10 in total) were presented in each trial at 2-second intervals. Physical activity of participants was evaluated according to WHO recommendations.

Results
The study showed that there was a strong correlation between physically active time spent and balance behavior. The balance of physically active older people was statistically significantly more stable when they performed cognitive tasks than that of those who were physically inactive. Dual-task interferences on postural sway were evident in both Word Memory task and the Mathematical Processing Task conditions. Dual-task effect on Mathematical Processing Task and Word Memory task was not statistically different.

Discussion
Taken together, we suggest that physical activity improves proprioceptive control which also improves balance control. In dual tasking, more attention is required in cognitive tasking, so better proprioception allows for better balance control with fewer attention resources. However, it is also evident that participants can reduce sway activity and increase balance stability by increasing attentional control.
P04-04 Non-invasive biomarkers with high discriminant ability indicative of musculoskeletal health with ageing
Authors: Agyapong-Badu Sandra , Warner Martin , Samuel Dinesh , Koutra Vasiliki , Stokes Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The use of large-scale pooled analyses and data sharing is a potential source to generate evidence to address complex scientific challenges and develop strategies to promote healthy ageing. However, the success of such analyses depends on robust measurements of musculoskeletal (MSK) health in ageing. Simple tests indicative of MSK health and suitable for use with older people are required. This study aims to assess the discriminatory ability of a combination of routine physical function tests and novel measures, notably muscle mechanical properties and ultrasound imaging of thigh composition (relative contribution of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue) to classify healthy individuals according to their age and gender.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 138 community-dwelling, self-reported healthy males and females (65 young, mean age±SD = 25.7±4.8 years; 73 older, 74.9±5.9 years). Handgrip strength; quadriceps strength; respiratory peak flow; timed up and go; stair climbing; anterior thigh tissue thickness (using ultrasound imaging), muscle mechanical properties (stiffness, tone and elasticity; Myoton technology); and self-reported health related quality of life (SF36) were assessed. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to classify cases based on criterion variable derived from the known effects of age on physical function.

Results
Combining conventional physical function tests with novel measures, revealed two discriminant functions which significantly (Wilks's λ = 0.05, 0.34; p&gt;0.001) classified 89% of grouped cases with 11% error rate using leave-one-out cross-validation. Seven variables associated with grip strength, peak flow, timed up and go, anterior thigh thickness, and muscle mechanical properties demonstrated high discriminant ability (p&gt;0.05 correlation with discriminant functions) to classify healthy people.

Conclusions
The present study provides reference data for comparison with clinical populations and a comprehensive battery of non-invasive dry biomarkers with high discriminant ability indicative of musculoskeletal health. The most sensitive novel biomarkers require no volition, highlighting potentially useful tests for screening and monitoring effects of interventions on MSK health for vulnerable older people with pain or cognitive impairment. Older misclassified cases who appeared younger than predicted support the need for studies of older people with different habitual activity levels, to provide relevant reference values for assessment, so rehabilitation goals are targeted appropriately.
P05-15 Effects on heart rate, physical activity and ambulatory blood pressure from occupational physical activity with and without lifting among farmers in Denmark
Authors: Korshøj Mette , Baumann Mathilde , Olsen Michael Hecht , Mortensen Ole Steen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
High levels of occupational physical activity associate to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, knowledge regarding the acute effects of different components of the occupational physical activity, such as lifting, on risk factors for cardiovascular disease remains uninvestigated during every day work. Thus, the aim was to investigate the acute effects from exposure to occupational physical activity with and without lifting on heart rate, physical activity and ambulatory blood pressure.

Methods
A randomized cross-over study among 18 farming workers in Denmark, all working in the stables of pig- producing farms. Workday measurements of heart rate (Actiheart), physical activity (Axivity placed at front thigh and upper back) and ambulatory blood pressure (Spacelabs 90217, measuring every 20th minute) were collected at a workday with and a workday without occupational lifting. The wash out period between the measurements was 48 hours. Data were processed in the Acti4 software.

Results
During workdays with lifting compared to workdays without lifting we observed higher intensity of occupational physical activity (Δ 6.57% heart rate reserve, 95% CI -1.34 – 14.47), number of steps/workday (Δ 4,965 steps, 95% CI -0.01 – 0.01), standing/walking activities (Δ 83 min/workday, 95% CI 2.49 – 168.97), as well as higher heart rate (Δ 9.10 bpm, 95% CI -4.66 – 22.85) and higher ambulatory blood pressures, both systolic (Δ 3.77 mmHg, 95% CI -2.64 – 10.18) and diastolic (Δ 1.37 mmHg, 95% CI -2.52 – 5.26). The average burden of the occupational lifting were 2,425 kg/workday and amount of lifts/workday were 239 lifts.

Conclusions
This pilot project indicated that occupational lifting are adding strenuousness on top of the general occupational physical activity, and influence blood pressure and heart rate at clinically relevant magnitudes. Disentangling the potential relations between one component of occupational physical activity, such as lifting, and risk for cardiovascular disease is key in the development of initiatives for specific prevention, exposure recommendations and vocational rehabilitation.
P05-16 Does the effect of steps per hour on ambulatory blood pressure differ between work hours and leisure time? A cross-sectional study among cleaners in Denmark
Authors: Poulsen Vivian Rueskov , Baumann Mathilde , Mortensen Ole Steen , Mette Korshøj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The physical activity health paradox, describing contrasting long-term effects of domain-specific physical activity on health, states occupational physical activity (OPA) to be hazardous and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) to be beneficial for health. Yet, the acute effects of OPA and LTPA on cardiovascular risk factors are sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) from steps per hour during work and leisure time among cleaners in Denmark.

Methods
Data were obtained from a cluster randomized worksite intervention among 91 cleaners in Denmark. Data included a questionnaire, objective physical measurements of weight, height, BMI, ABP and steps per hour. The latter was measured during work and leisure time within a maximum of four continuous days. A preliminary linear regression analysis was conducted as a mixed model including random intercept and slope, allowing for both within- and between-participant variability. The analysis was adjusted for sex, age, job seniority, medication use, smoking, self-reported fitness and BMI. Changes in ABP (mmHg) were estimated per 100 steps/hour.

Results
Mean steps/hour were 1333.4 (SD ± 404.1) during work and 530.8 (SD ± 234.1) during leisure time. The resting ABP was systolic 122.4 mmHg (SD ± 20.5) and diastolic 80.7 mmHg (SD ± 12.8). In total, 15.4% of the population were hypertensive (≥140/90 mmHg, or using anti-hypertensives). The ABP did not seem to differ from exposure to steps taken during work (systolic -0.44 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.07-0.20, diastolic 0.04 mmHg, 95% CI, -0.43-0.36) and leisure (systolic -0.42 mmHg, 95% CI, -1.54-0.70, diastolic 0.30 mmHg, 95% CI, -0.49-1.08). Either did the amount of steps taken seem to affect the ABP during work or leisure.

Conclusion
Our findings show no significant association between steps per hour and ABP, and no contrasting effects between work and leisure time. These acute mechanisms fostering the divergent results need to be further investigated to improve the understanding of the physical activity health paradox.
P06-06 Co-development of the national monitoring system for the joy of motion, physical activity and motor skills for pre-school-aged children in Finland
Authors: Mehtälä Anette , Sääkslahti Arja , Tammelin Tuija 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, we have got more information on physical activity and motor skills of preschool-aged children in Finland. However, national monitoring system for this age groups is still lacking in Finland like in many other European countries too. This presentation describes the process and recent results of an on-going research and development project JOYPAM - monitoring the joy of motion, physical activity and motor skills for pre-school-aged children. Aim of the project is to co-create, test and recommend a national level monitoring system by the end of 2020.
P06-11 Continuity and changes in commuting mode and influence on physical activity, BMI and waist circumference among Finnish adults
Authors: Kasper Salin , Kukko Tuomas , Kaseva Kaisa , Tammelin Tuija , Yang Xiaolin , Raitakari Olli T , Hakonen Harto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity (PA) has been found to be important for cardiovascular health and longevity. However, notable proportion of adult population does not meet the national PA recommendations. Active transport is one domain of physical activity, that could be a time-efficient way to increase PA and reach the national recommendations. Additionally, it could have a positive effect to body composition.

Methods
Based on longitudinal cohort study, active commuting modes and objectively measured PA were used to determine the influence of commuting mode to steps, aerobic steps, BMI and waist circumference. Linear regression models were fitted to test the associations between the change groups of commuting mode and the longitudinal changes of the response variables.

Results
When compared to passive commuters, participants with public transport (p = 0.09) and walking (p &gt; 0.001-0.021) showed higher amounts of steps and aerobic during summertime and wintertime. Cyclers showed higher amounts of steps and aerobic steps only in wintertime (p = 0.001-0.002). Passive commuters had higher BMI than walkers (p = 0.05) and cyclers (p = 0.023) in summertime. Also, cyclers had lower waist circumference than passive commuters (p = 0.016-0.02). Among those who remained persistently active, number of steps did not change. When compared to persistently active, among those who changed from active to passive commuting, steps (-900 - -885) and aerobic steps (-500) declined (p = 0.010-0.036) while among those who changed from passive to active commuting steps (+900-1000) and aerobic steps (+650-750) increased (p = 0.023-0.011).

Conclusions
Commuting actively to work and changing passive mode to active mode has a positive effect to number of daily steps and aerobic steps. Since the active commuting is part of the daily routine, promoting active commuting could be one of the key factors tackling the obesity and insufficient PA among adults. Continuity of active commuting seemed to be effective way to maintain body weight in balance over the years.
P06-14 Development of a standardised evaluation framework (SEF) for physical activity interventions: Ensuring usability and usefulness
Authors: Murphy Joey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
With a range of interventions available for promoting physical activity (PA) and only limited resources, it has become imperative to identify those that are both effective and feasible for real world application. A number of evaluation frameworks have been developed but often fail to be widely implemented due to the level of information required and time needed to complete. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardised evaluation framework (SEF) for PA interventions that is usable in practice but also collects information that enables evidence based decision making among key knowledge users.

Methods
Development of the framework was guided by Nutbeam and Bauman's evaluation cycle, encompassing elements of formative, process, impact and outcome evaluation. The SEF was developed through four stages involving a 1) review of the literature, 2) feedback from key stakeholders, 3) national consultation, and 4) focus groups with a practitioner advisory group. Elements of the Technology Acceptance Model were used to assess the perceived usefulness and usability of the SEF by key stakeholders.††

Results
Twelve relevant evaluation frameworks specific to PA interventions were identified through the literature review. Members of the project team (N = 3) identified commonalities across these frameworks, including general characteristics (N = 12), formative evaluation aspects (N = 5), process evaluation aspects (N = 15), impact evaluation aspects (N = 7) and outcome evaluation aspects (N = 3). Feedback across four stages, including consultations, two focus groups and an online survey provided feedback for creating a more usable and useful SEF. The current framework includes a minimum set of questions (i.e. monitoring template) for coordinators (N = 27) and participants (N = 9) with additional measures available for an in-depth evaluation where necessary.

Conclusion
I-PARC has seen the creation of a SEF that is moving towards a more usable approach for intervention evaluation in practice. The I-PARC SEF has the potential to be a usable resource to assess current PA interventions and provide knowledge regarding the potential scale up, adaptions or cessation of current practices. Feedback has also suggested a need for an online platform to collect the relevant information, capacity building resources and a support network to help with the use of the I-PARC SEF.
P07-07 Put the promotion of physical activity for people with non-communicable diseases on the political agenda in Luxembourg!
Authors: Lion Alexis , Frisch Anne , Thommes Lucienne , Bache Arno , Sax Anik , Seil Romain , Urhausen Axel , Theisen Daniel , Delagardelle Charles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Issue/problem
In 1984, cardiologists and cardiac patients created an association offering physical activity (PA) for people with cardiovascular diseases in Luxembourg (0.6 million inhabitants). During the last 20 years, several associations created therapeutic PA for people with a wide range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Today more than 70 hours of therapeutic PA are weekly offered. Nevertheless, the organization of these PA is incomplete and not enough patients benefit from it.

Description of the problem
Sustainability of privately organized courses is challenging. Despite a governmental financial support, the organization of PA offer remains mainly based on the idealism of a limited number of volunteers. However, this kind of commitment is disappearing and jeopardizes a correct offer of therapeutic PA. Only a minority of physicians are referring their patients on a regular basis and only a minority of them are engaging in an active lifestyle.

Results
A project was launched in 2013 to compile, monitor and promote the therapeutic PA offered by different associations. As a result of this project, six associations created a sport federation in 2016 destined to improve the organization of therapeutic PA for people with NCDs. In 2018, the federation obtained an increase in the financial support from the Ministry of Health. The same year, a campaign promoted the therapeutic PA but had no impact on the number of patients counselled about therapeutic PA (26.6%) and on the physician's knowledge of the therapeutical PA offer (21%). The federation is now trying to develop and implement deeper actions, such as a PA referral scheme.

Lessons
The collaborative and synergetic work of the different associations offering PA for people with NCDs bundled their activities resulting in an increased consideration and support from the Ministry of Health. Nevertheless, structural improvements should be conducted to increase sustainably the number of physically active patients.

Main messages
P08-05 Community-based interventions to promote physical activity among individuals with social disadvantages
Authors: Kohler Simone , Semrau Jana , Helsper Natalie , Dippon Lea , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus , Ruetten Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The extent to which people are physically inactive is dependent upon social gradients. Numerous studies have proven that individuals with social disadvantages are not active enough. Parallel to this, several researchers have raised concerns that public health interventions may increase inequalities in the population. However, little is known about the success of community-based physical activity promotion among individuals with social disadvantages. Hence, our goal was to identify the characteristics of successful interventions within this field.

Methods
From March 2015 to March 2019, a search for systematic reviews dealing with community-based physical activity promotion was carried out using the databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo/SPORTDiscus (via Ebscohost), ERIC and IBSS (via ProQuest). Only articles written in English or German were included. Studies without information about socially disadvantaged groups or physical activity promotion in low and middle-income countries were excluded. Checking of the reference lists of included reviews completed the research. Two authors independently conducted the screening, selection and data extraction. Results were synthesized narratively.

Results
In the first step, a total of 2,610 articles were identified. After the screening, 20 publications could be considered, while only six involved individuals with social disadvantages. In particular, these articles described environmental interventions, tailoring, and involvement of the target group, as effective among individuals with social disadvantages. In addition, strategies for gaining political support, intersectionality strategies, and the creation of access routes to reach individuals with social disadvantages were specified as requirements for effectiveness.

Conclusion
The current state of research concerning physical activity interventions in a community setting for individuals with social disadvantages is very limited. Because the target group is so broad, the evidence of successful approaches is heterogeneous. In order to assess the characteristics of physical activity promotion interventions, additional studies that focus on various groups of people with social disadvantages in real-world community settings are needed.