bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners to survive: Hoffmannseggia doellii root‐associated microbiome at the Atacama Desert
Authors: Maldonado Jonathan E. , Gaete Alexis , Mandakovic Dinka , Aguado‐Norese Constanza , Aguilar Melissa , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , González Mauricio 
Published: March 2022

Summary

The discovery and characterization of plant species adapted to extreme environmental conditions have become increasingly important. Hoffmannseggia doellii is a perennial herb endemic to the Chilean Atacama Desert that grows in the western Andes between 2800 and 3600 m above sea level. Its growing habitat is characterized by high radiation and low water and nutrient availability. Under these conditions, H. doellii can grow, reproduce, and develop an edible tuberous root.

We characterized the H. doellii soil‐associated microbiomes to understand the biotic factors that could influence their surprising ability to survive.

We found an increased number of observed species and higher phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and fungi on H. doellii root soils compared with bare soil (BS) along different sites and to soil microbiomes of other plant species. Also, the H. doellii‐associated microbiome had a higher incidence of overall positive interactions and fungal within‐kingdom interactions than their corresponding BS network.

These findings suggest a microbial diversity soil modulation mechanism that may be a characteristic of highly tolerant plants to diverse and extreme environments. Furthermore, since H. doellii is related to important cultivated crops, our results create an opportunity for future studies on climate change adaptation of crop plants.
A genetically encoded biosensor reveals spatiotemporal variation in cellular phosphate content in Brachypodium distachyon mycorrhizal roots
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Daniels Dierdra A. , Ivanov Sergey , Jurgensen Lucas , Müller Lena M. , Versaw Wayne K. , Harrison Maria J. 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is accompanied by alterations to root cell metabolism and physiology, and to the pathways of orthophosphate (Pi) entry into the root, which increase with Pi delivery to cortical cells via arbuscules. How AM symbiosis influences the Pi content and Pi response dynamics of cells in the root cortex and epidermis is unknown.

Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based Pi biosensors, we mapped the relative cytosolic and plastidic Pi content of Brachypodium distachyon mycorrhizal root cells, analyzed responses to extracellular Pi and traced extraradical hyphae‐mediated Pi transfer to colonized cells.

Colonized cortical cells had a higher cytosolic Pi content relative to noncolonized cortical and epidermal cells, while plastidic Pi content was highest in cells at the infection front. Pi application to the entire mycorrhizal root resulted in transient changes in cytosolic Pi that differed in direction and magnitude depending on cell type and arbuscule status; cells with mature arbuscules showed a substantial transient increase in cytosolic Pi while those with collapsed arbuscules showed a decrease. Directed Pi application to extraradical hyphae resulted in measurable changes in cytosolic Pi of colonized cells 18 h after application.

Our experiments reveal that cells within a mycorrhizal root vary in Pi content and Pi response dynamics.
Plant migration under long‐lasting hyperaridity – phylogenomics unravels recent biogeographic history in one of the oldest deserts on Earth
Authors: Böhnert Tim , Luebert Federico , Merklinger Felix F. , Harpke Dörte , Stoll Alexandra , Schneider Julio V. , Blattner Frank R. , Quandt Dietmar , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe post‐Miocene climatic histories of arid environments have been identified as key drivers of dispersal and diversification. Here, we investigate how climatic history correlates with the historical biogeography of the Atacama Desert genusCristaria(Malvaceae).We analyze phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography by using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), molecular clock dating, Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis and Bayesian sampling approaches. We employ a novel way to identify biogeographically meaningful regions as well as a rarely utilized program permitting the use of dozens of ancestral areas.Partial incongruence between the established taxonomy and our phylogenetic data argue for a complex historical biogeography with repeated introgression and incomplete lineage sorting.Cristariaoriginated in the central southern part of the Atacama Desert, from there the genus colonized other areas from the late Miocene onwards. The more recently diverged lineages appear to have colonized different habitats in the Atacama Desert during pluvial phases of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene.We show that NGS combined with near‐comprehensive sampling can provide an unprecedented degree of phylogenetic resolution and help to correlate the historical biogeography of plant communities with cycles of arid and pluvial phases.
The symmetry spectrum in a hybridising, tropical group of rhododendrons
Authors: Soza Valerie L. , Kriebel Ricardo , Ramage Elizabeth , Hall Benjamin D. , Twyford Alex D. 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Many diverse plant clades possess bilaterally symmetrical flowers and specialised pollination syndromes, suggesting that these traits may promote diversification. We examined the evolution of diverse floral morphologies in a species‐rich tropical radiation of Rhododendron.

We used restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing on 114 taxa from Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and examine hybridisation. We then captured and quantified floral variation using geometric morphometric analyses, which we interpreted in a phylogenetic context.

We uncovered phylogenetic conflict and uncertainty caused by introgression within and between clades. Morphometric analyses revealed flower symmetry to be a morphological continuum without clear transitions between radial and bilateral symmetry. Tropical Rhododendron species that began diversifying into New Guinea c. 6 million years ago expanded into novel floral morphological space.

Our results showed that the evolution of tropical Rhododendron is characterised by recent speciation, recurrent hybridisation and the origin of floral novelty. Floral variation evolved via changes to multiple components of the corolla that are only recognised in geometric morphometrics with both front and side views of flowers.
Spatialization in working memory and its relation to math anxiety
Authors: van Dijck Jean‐Philippe , Fias Wim , Cipora Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is one of the most important cognitive functions that may play a role in the relation between math anxiety (MA) and math performance. The processing efficiency theory proposes that rumination and worrisome thoughts (induced by MA) result in less available WM resources (which are needed to solve math problems). At the same time, high MA individuals have lower verbal and spatial WM capacity in general. Extending these findings, we found that MA is also linked to the spatial coding of serial order in verbal WM: subjects who organize sequences from left‐to‐right in verbal WM show lower levels of MA compared with those who do not spatialize. Furthermore, these spatial coders have higher verbal WM capacity, better numerical order judgment abilities, and higher math scores. These findings suggest that spatially structuring the verbal mind is a promising cognitive correlate of MA and opens new avenues for exploring causal links between elementary cognitive processes and MA.
Individual differences in beta frequency correlate with the audio–visual fusion illusion
Authors: Noguchi Yasuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPresenting one flash with two beeps induces a perception of two flashes (audio–visual [AV] fission illusion), while presenting two flashes with one beep induces a perception of one flash (fusion illusion). Although previous studies showed a relationship between the frequency of the alpha rhythm (alpha cycle) and one's susceptibility to the fission illusion, the relationship between neural oscillations and the fusion illusion is unknown. Using electroencephalography, here I investigated the frequency of oscillatory signals in the pre‐stimulus period and found a significant correlation between the beta rhythm and the fusion illusion; specifically, participants with a lower beta frequency showed a larger fusion illusion. These data indicate two separate time windows of AV integration in the human brain, one defined by the alpha cycle (fission) and another defined by the beta cycle (fusion).
Support for behavioral nudges versus alternative policy instruments and their perceived fairness and efficacy
Authors: John Peter , Martin Aaron , Mikołajczak Gosia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn extensive debate has emerged in recent years about the relative merits of behavioral policy instruments (nudges) aimed at changing individual behavior without coercion. In this article, we examine public support for non‐deliberative nudges and deliberative nudges and compare them to attitudes toward top‐down regulation and free choice/libertarian options. We also examine whether support for both types of nudges is associated with perceptions of fairness and efficacy. We test these expectations with a survey experiment with 1706 UK adult respondents (representative of the population on age, gender, and location) in two policy areas (retirement savings and carbon offsets for airline passengers). We find higher levels of public support for both nudge policy options compared to top‐down regulation. Support for nudges is associated with the perceived fairness of nudges more than their efficacy.
Win‐win: Summer QI programme for medical students
Authors: Mathura Pamela , Barber Paul , Han Ted , Hillier Tracey , Kassam Narmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost undergraduate medical students (UMS) do not receive any formal exposure to quality improvement (QI) efforts in healthcare during the entirety of their undergraduate programme. This is despite the rising interest amongst UMS and the unique potential that UMS hold as an innovator unencumbered by previous biases. To explore this, we implemented an undergraduate training programme that provides experiential QI education.ApproachThe 15‐week Summer Healthcare Improvement Programme (SHIP) was established in 2017, supported by a regional physician QI leadership coalition, a QI consultant preceptor who is linked to both the local university and health organisation and an UMS leadership group. Students were assigned QI projects that were aligned with the health organisation's purpose and scope. Students co‐led the project to completion with mentorship from both physician QI leaders, and residents. Student competencies were formatively assessed by completing QI activities and a programme survey.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2019, 19 students completed 22 QI projects, academic posters and publications, and all received QI certification. The majority (72%) of students felt involvement in SHIP increased their QI knowledge and skills, 90% believed SHIP would benefit their peers, and 71% of students felt it directly applied to their future careers.DiscussionBenefits of the programme were threefold: provided students with early experiential QI exposure, provided student QI leaders who possess dedicated time and effort to complete projects over the summer months and provided a physician QI learning continuum implemented with minimal to no additional cost to either the university or health organisation.
Investigation of platelet measurands in dogs with hematologic neoplasia
Authors: Phillips Casey , Naskou Maria C. , Spangler Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThrombocytopenia has been associated with some neoplastic processes, including hematologic neoplasia. There is no information regarding specific changes in platelet measurands in dogs with hematologic neoplasia compared with healthy dogs. The objectives of our study were to establish RIs, evaluate platelet measurands in dogs with hematologic neoplasia, and compare these measurands in patients with hematologic malignancies with or without thrombocytopenia.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Platelet measurands were determined using the ADVIA 120 Hematology analyzer when a CBC was performed and included the platelet count, MPV, platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet component (MPC), platelet component distribution width (PCDW), mean platelet mass (MPM), platelet mass distribution width (PMDW), and number of large platelets. Reference intervals were determined retrospectively using data from 129 healthy dogs. Patients with hematologic neoplasia (n = 50) were identified through retrospective evaluation of medical records from the Auburn University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and separated into thrombocytopenic (n = 20) and nonthrombocytopenic groups (n = 30).ResultsPlatelet count and PCT were significantly higher in older healthy dogs compared with younger dogs. Significant differences were identified when comparing healthy dogs with those with hematologic neoplasia without thrombocytopenia for PDW, PCDW, PMDW, and the number of large platelets, indicating the presence of more heterogeneous platelets. Thrombocytopenic dogs with hematologic neoplasia had significantly decreased MPCs and increased MPVs, MPMs, and PCDWs compared with nonthrombocytopenic dogs with neoplasia.ConclusionsDogs with hematologic neoplasia had more heterogeneous platelets, whereas thrombocytopenic patients with neoplasia had more activated platelets.
Influence of Ambient Pressure on Measured Stiffness and Damping of Radial Gas Foil Bearings
Authors: Wilkes Jason , White Steve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As gas bearings have gained popularity, they have been used in a diverse range of applications. In many cases these bearings are used in various process gases at a range of pressures. Although numerous analytical tools exist to predict the behavior of gas bearings in these environments, these tools are challenging to validate. The current work describes a test loop that is capable of measuring rotordynamic force coefficients in a hermetically sealed environment. To the author's knowledge, this capability is the first of its kind. To illustrate operation of the test rig, an industrial 3-lobe gas-foil bearing was installed in the test fixture, and operated at pressures from 0.5 to 3.5 bara at speeds ranging from 25 to 65 krpm. The tests show that dynamic coefficients increase with speed and pressure; however, a slight reduction in coefficients were observed at the highest speed under ambient conditions. In addition, subambient pressure tests showed higher than ambient stiffness, but comparably low damping in comparison to the other test cases. It is believed that this is the first publication of gas foil bearing coefficients at subambient pressure.
National Policy Response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Physical Activity Case Study of Wales
Authors: Sharp Catherine A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Willmot Rhi , Hughes Rachel , McNarry Melitta A. , Milton Karen 
Published: March 2022

Background: Population level changes in physical activity (PA) may benefit from policy intervention. In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Wales introduced legislation to holistically improve health and well-being, including Public Service Boards, to improve the translation of national policy into practice. Method: An audit of policies published by national and subnational public bodies since 2015 was conducted. Content of the policies were extracted and synthesized to determine: (1) how many policies included a PA action, (2) what the drivers of those policies were, (3) the content of the PA actions, and (4) how the PA actions aligned with the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. Results: Sixteen national-level documents with a PA action were published by 4 of 13 public bodies. The policies vary in terms of the clarity and specificity of the actions, the assignment of clear roles/responsibilities, and the setting of targets. Of the 19 subnational Public Service Boards well-being policies, 15 included PA actions. Conclusion: This audit provides a valuable example of how connections between national and subnational policy can be achieved. The appointment of Public Service Boards has supported the translation of policies into practice in Wales, and similar approaches could be utilized in other countries.
Revised tectono-stratigraphic scheme for the Scandinavian Caledonides and its implications for our understanding of the Scandian orogeny
Authors: Jakob Johannes , Andersen Torgeir B. , Mohn Geoffroy , Kjøll Hans Jørgen , Beyssac Olivier 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Scandinavian Caledonides formed during the continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia. During the collision, a complex nappe stack was thrust over the Baltican continental margin. The orogen can be subdivided into segments based on architectural differences within the Scandian nappes. The southern and central segments of the orogen link up in the Gudbrandsdalen area in south-central Norway. Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing metasedimentary complexes occur in the southern and central segments and can be traced continuously along the strike of the orogen from one into the other segment. Traditionally, these units have been assigned to different tectono-stratigraphic levels, one below the Middle Allochthon and one above the Middle Allochthon. Here, we trace the Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing units from Bergen to Esandsjøen and show that these units exhibit a common geologic and metamorphic history, consistent with the metaperidotite-bearing units representing a single tectonic unit. We suggest that the metaperidotite-bearing units can be used as a “marker level” to revise the tectono-stratigraphy of the Gudbrandsdalen and adjacent areas. The tectono-stratigraphic revisions imply that the Scandian nappe stack consists of seven tectono-stratigraphic levels that can be traced throughout the southern and central segments of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Moreover, the revision of the tectono-stratigraphy and new U-Pb geochronology data also suggest a revision of the timing of the succession of tectonic events leading up to the Scandian continental collision. The available evidence indicates that Baltica-derived tectonic units collided with the Iapetan/Laurentian subduction complexes as early as ca. 450 Ma. The initial collision was followed by in-sequence nappe formation of Baltican-derived units, which occurred contemporaneously with the opening of a marginal basin in the upper plate. After the arrival of thick, buoyant, unthinned Baltican crust at the trench, the main zone of convergence stepped outboard, the marginal basins closed, and those basins were thrust out-of-sequence over the previously assembled nappe stack.
Distribution Patterns of Main Structural-Group Parameters of Crude Oils from North Caucasus Oil-and-Gas Basin According to 1H NMR Data
Authors: Smirnov M. B. , Vanyukova N. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using the 1H NMR examination of a representative set of crude oils (86 samples, 54 oil fields and exploration areas) from the North Caucasus oil-and-gas basin, we obtained, for the first time, the structural-group composition of crude oils over the entire basin. Distribution density plots were presented for all the composition parameters measured. It was demonstrated that, because none of the parameters obeys normal distribution, non-parametric statistical analysis is needed for the data processing. In particular, medians and median confidence intervals (the latter being determined by signed-rank test), rather than means or root-mean-square deviations, should be relied upon. The North Caucasus oils were found to have a markedly lower content of aromatics (both monocyclic and bi-/polycyclic) than the crude oils from Western Siberia and Volga–Urals. Compared with the Eastern Siberia basin, the North Caucasus oils are distinguished by a slightly higher presence of bicyclic and polycyclic aromatics. At the same time, the North Caucasus oils exhibit the highest content of normal and monomethylated alkanes among the four basins under consideration. The North Caucasus oils were classified into three stratigraphic groups according to their oil composition. The first group consists of Triassic and Jurassic reservoirs. These crude oils have the lowest content of aromatics and the highest content of normal and monomethylated alkanes. The second group is the Cretaceous sediments, and the third group includes Paleogenic and Neogenic deposits. The content of aromatics increases consistently from the bottom to the top of the section.
Iron(II) Clathrochelates in Molecular Spintronic Devices: A Vertical Spin Valve
Authors: Zlobin I. S. , Aisin R. R. , Novikov V. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The thermal sublimation of the known cage iron(II) complex (clathrochelate) gives thin films of this compound on various supports without violating its integrity as shown by electron spectroscopy. The spin state of the complex remains unchanged compared to the polycrystalline sample and solution. The first prototypes of molecular spintronic devices in the form of a vertical spin valve are prepared from the chosen iron(II) clathrochelate, and their electron transport properties are studied.
Telehealth application of an ultrasonic home spirometer
Authors: Doumit Michael , Ledwos Rianna , Plush Leanne , Chuang Sandra , Gray Melinda , Jaffe Adam , McBride Jamie 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the validity and home use of a personal ultrasonic spirometer.MethodsSupervised spirometry was performed using laboratory equipment and a personal ultrasonic spirometer. In addition, the ability of children to perform acceptable spirometry during supervised telehealth appointments at home was assessed.Results59 children completed spirometry on both devices. There was high between-device intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC): ICC 0.991 (95% CI 0.985 to 0.995) and 0.989 (95% CI 0.981 to 0.993), respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed mean bias and limits of agreement of −0.01 (−0.22 to 0.24) L for FEV1and −0.02 (−0.30 to 0.33) L for FVC. 125 of 140 (89%) supervised telehealth spirometry sessions were acceptable.ConclusionThere was excellent reliability in between-device measurements; however, the limits of agreement were wide. Therefore, caution is needed if the device is used interchangeably with laboratory equipment. High success rates of telehealth spirometry sessions indicate the device is suitable for this application.