bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and treatment strategies in Sweden 2000–2019
Authors: Kristiansen Sinja , Torbrand Christian , Svensson Åke , Forslund Ola , Bjartling Carina 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse the incidence, treatment strategies and complications associated with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) in Sweden over a period of 20 years.Materials and methodsData on PeIN from the Swedish National Penile Cancer Register were analysed regarding treatment in relation to age, size of the PeIN lesion, localization of the PeIN lesion and complications using chi‐squared tests and logistic regression. The incidence of PeIN was calculated and age‐standardized according to the European Standard population.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2019 a total of 1113 PeIN cases were reported. The age‐standardized incidence of PeIN was 1.40 per 100 000 men (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.49). An increase in incidence over time was seen, with a standardized incidence rate of 2.37 (95% CI 1.56–3.70) in 2019 compared to the baseline year, 2000. Surgical or topical treatments were given in 75.0% and 14.6% of cases, respectively. The complication rate was higher in laser surgery (12.1%, 7/58) compared to local surgery (4.6%, 16/348; P = 0.03) with an age‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.82 (95% CI 1.10–7.19; P = 0.03). Local surgery was more common than laser surgery in the last 5 years compared to the first 5 years of the study period: OR 5.75 (95% CI 2.94–11.27). Treatments with imiquimod and topical 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) were more common than destructive methods such as photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, curettage and electrocautery in the last 5 years compared to the first 5 years: OR 9.48 (95% CI 2.29–39.24).ConclusionsA twofold increase in the age‐standardized incidence of PeIN was seen in Sweden over 20 years. Complications were three times more common in laser surgery compared to local surgery. Changes in treatment showed an increase of treatment strategies such as local surgery and treatment with imiquimod and topical 5‐FU over time.
Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at first vaccination among Japanese women
Authors: Onuki Mamiko , Yamamoto Kasumi , Yahata Hideaki , Kanao Hiroyuki , Yokota Harushige , Kato Hisamori , Shimamoto Kumi , Takehara Kazuhiro , Kamiura Shoji , Tsuda Naotake , Takei Yuji , Shigeta Shogo , Matsumura Noriomi , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Motohara Takeshi , Watari Hidemichi , Nakamura Keiichiro , Ueda Akihiko , Tasaka Nobutaka , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Hirashima Yasuyuki , Kudaka Wataru , Taguchi Ayumi , Iwata Takashi , Takahashi Fumiaki , Kukimoto Iwao , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Matsumoto Koji ,   for the MINT Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Japan, the National Immunization Program against human papillomavirus (HPV) targets girls aged 12‐16 years, and catch‐up vaccination is recommended for young women up to age 26 years. Because HPV infection rates increase soon after sexual debut, we evaluated HPV vaccine effectiveness by age at first vaccination. Along with vaccination history, HPV genotyping results from 5795 women younger than 40 years diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2‐3 (CIN2‐3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or invasive cervical cancer were analyzed. The attribution of vaccine‐targeted types HPV16 or HPV18 to CIN2‐3/AIS was 47.0% for unvaccinated women (n = 4297), but 0.0%, 13.0%, 35.7%, and 39.6% for women vaccinated at ages 12‐15 years (n = 36), 16‐18 years (n = 23), 19–22 years (n = 14), and older than 22 years (n = 91), respectively, indicating the greater effectiveness of HPV vaccination among those initiating vaccination at age 18 years or younger (P < .001). This finding was supported by age at first sexual intercourse; among women with CIN2‐3/AIS, only 9.2% were sexually active by age 14 years, but the percentage quickly increased to 47.2% by age 16 and 77.1% by age 18. Additionally, the HPV16/18 prevalence in CIN2‐3/AIS was 0.0%, 12.5%, and 40.0% for women vaccinated before (n = 16), within 3 years (n = 8), and more than 3 years after (n = 15) first intercourse, respectively (P = .004). In conclusion, our data appear to support routine HPV vaccination for girls aged 12‐14 years and catch‐up vaccination for adolescents aged 18 years and younger in Japan.
Mother–nurse decision making practices for children with complex health care needs receiving homecare services: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: LeGrow Karen , Cohen Eyal , Espin Sherry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany children with complex health care needs face chronic health and developmental issues that may include functional impairments, neurodevelopmental disabilities, and lifelong dependence on medical technology. Providing the necessary care and services for this unique group of children and youth places substantial demands on the health care system. Much of the focus on improvements has been in acute care settings even though homecare accounts for the largest proportion of health care utilization among children with complex health care needs. While parents assume great responsibility for their child's care at home, they indicate that the balance of power between themselves and their health care providers does not change when care shifts from the hospital to home. Given the expanding role of paediatric homecare and parents' concerns of their role in decisions related to their child's care, it is imperative to explore these practices in this unique setting.PurposeThe purpose of this work is to explore mother–nurse decision making practices for children with complex health care needs receiving health care services in their home.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study design was used. Five mothers and five nurses participated. Twenty‐six home observations with accompanying analytical memos and 10 semistructured interviews were conducted with five mothers and five homecare nurses. Thematic analysis of study data, using an iterative process, identified major themes.FindingsData revealed the complex and relational nature of mother–nurse decision making practices within the home setting. Three major themes were identified: (1) core areas of decision making, (2) a dynamic and collaborative process, and (3) centrality of relationships.ConclusionsStudy findings enhanced our understanding of how decision making and relational care practices take place in the home for children with complex health care needs receiving homecare services, which has implications for child and family health.
Housing affordability and responses during times of stress: A preliminary look during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Malpezzi Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe global SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 Pandemic has disrupted public health, economies, and housing markets since early 2020. The shock has called forth a number of policy responses, such as moratoria on foreclosures and evictions, attempts to regulate rents and prices, and a range of subsidies on both supply and demand sides. This paper reviews the state of housing markets and discusses the expected efficacy of alternative policy measures taken or contemplated. Recognizing the provisional nature of any paper written during a large and durable ongoing shock, suggestions for additional research are provided.
A composite framework of deep multiple view human joints feature extraction and selection strategy with hybrid adaptive sunflower optimization‐whale optimization algorithm for human action recognition in video sequences
Authors: Rajappan Rajitha Jasmine , Kondampatti Kandaswamy Thyagharajan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn computer vision and pattern recognition field, video‐based human action recognition (HAR) is the most predominant research area. Object recognition is needed to recognize the subjects regarding video contents, which allows reactive enquiry in a large number of camera contents, mainly in security based platforms where there is a prevalent growth of closed circuit television cameras. Generally, object detectors that have high performance are trained on a large collection of public benchmarks. Identifying human activities from unconstrained videos is the primary challenging task. Further, the feature extraction and feature selection from these unconstrained videos is also considered as a challenging issue. For that, in this article a new composite framework of HAR model is constructed by introducing an efficient feature extraction and selection strategy. The proposed feature extraction model extracts multiple view features, human joints features based on the domain knowledge of the action and fuses them with deep high level features extracted by an improved fully resolution convolutional neural networks. Also, it optimizes the feature selection strategy using the hybrid whale optimization algorithm and adaptive sun flower optimization that maximizes the feature entropy, correlation. It minimizes the error rate for improving the recognition accuracy of the proposed composite framework. The proposed model is validated on four different datasets, namely, Olympics sports, Virat Release 2.0, HMDB51, and UCF 50 sports action dataset to prove its effectiveness. The simulation results show that the proposed composite framework outperforms all the existing human recognition model in terms of classification accuracy and detection rate.
Simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation in Caucasian versus African American patients: Does recipient race influence outcomes?
Authors: Rogers Jeffrey , Jay Colleen L. , Farney Alan C. , Orlando Giuseppe , Jacobs Marie L. , Harriman David , Gurram Venkat , Sharda Berjesh , Gurung Komal , Reeves‐Daniel Amber , Doares William , Kaczmorski Scott , Mena‐Gutierrez Alejandra , Sakhovskaya Natalia , Gautreaux Michael D. , Stratta Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of African American (AA) recipient race on outcomes following simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation (SPKT) is uncertain.MethodsFrom 11/01 to 2/19, we retrospectively studied 158 Caucasian (C) and 57 AA patients (pts) undergoing SPKT.ResultsThe AA group had fewer patients on peritoneal dialysis (30% C vs. 14% AA), more patients with longer dialysis duration (28% C vs. 51% AA), more sensitized (PRA ≥20%) patients (6% C vs. 21% AA), and more patients with pretransplant C‐peptide levels ≥2.0 ng/ml (11% C vs. 35% AA, all P < .05). With a mean 9.2 year follow‐up, patient survival (65% C vs. 77% AA, P = .098) slightly favored the AA group, whereas kidney (55% C vs. 60% AA) and pancreas (48% C vs. 54% AA) graft survival rates (GSRs) were comparable. Death‐censored kidney (71% C vs. 68% AA) and pancreas (both 62%) GSRs demonstrated that death with a functioning graft (DWFG) was more common in C vs. AA patients (23% C vs. 12% AA, P = .10). The incidence of death‐censored dual graft loss (usually rejection) was 7% C versus 21% AA (P = .005).ConclusionsFollowing SPKT, AA patients are at a greater risk for dual immunological graft loss whereas C patients are at greater risk for DWFG.
Using stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C) to identify natal origins and larval host plant use by western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) captured in southern Ontario
Authors: Hobson Keith A. , Kusack Jackson W. , Gootgarts Jonathan , Longstaffe Fred J. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Western Bean Cutworm (Striacosta albicosta, Smith), a significant agricultural pest, has a broad distribution in North America having recently expanded northeastward. However, while there are significant populations each summer in Ontario, Canada, this species has limited local overwintering capacity, which suggests a high proportion of immigrant moths. Knowing the origins of immigrant moths would provide insight into their migration and could assist in their management. We used stable‐hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analyses of wings from 283 moths captured over a seven‐year period (2012–2020) to estimate origins of these individuals based on the well‐established precipitation isoscape for the continent. We also analysed wings for stable‐carbon isotopes (δ13C) to examine host plant use as this species uses both C3 (e.g., beans) and C4 (e.g., corn) sources during larval development.
Regardless of year, most moths (71%–91%) fed on corn as larvae. We combined this finding with δ2H analyses to narrow probable geographic natal origins by applying an informed prior to Bayesian‐based isotopic assignments by assuming the Corn Belt of the United States as the likely region of origin. This combined approach indicated Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio as the most likely origins, a conclusion supported by analyses of wind trajectories on nights prior to high trap catches in our study area.
While our combined approach narrowed down the possible origins of cutworms captured in southern Ontario, estimates of origin remain relatively broad and to be useful for management purposes future refinements will be required.
A pedagogical model for effective online teacher professional development—findings from the Teacher Academy initiative of the European Commission
Authors: Hertz Benjamin , Grainger Clemson Hannah , Tasic Hansen Daniella , Laurillard Diana , Murray Madeleine , Fernandes Luis , Gilleran Anne , Rojas Ruiz Diego , Rutkauskiene Danguole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring their careers, teachers experience change in education policy, societal trends, and cultural shifts in pedagogical thought, requiring continual adaptation and innovation of their practices. Coupled with this is an assumed intrinsic desire to progress, whether as part of their own subject expertise, or with a view to taking on a role as leader in school management or a specialist area. Effective support and opportunities for teachers to develop and apply their competences is crucial for maintaining both motivation and high standards in the profession. However, many teachers across Europe claim to struggle to have access to effective forms of continued professional development coupled with the numerous demands already made on their work. On‐site courses with opportunities for peer learning remain popular but demand time and are not financially cost‐effective in reaching a large number of teachers, nor are they viable during pandemic restrictions. By exploring the pedagogical model of the online courses of the European Commission's Teacher Academy in the context of these challenges, this article discusses how an effective, collaborative approach to online continued professional development can be developed as a way of addressing both teacher and education system needs.
Cellular autophagy, an unbidden effect of caspase inhibition by zVAD‐fmk
Authors: Sakthivel Dharaniya , Bolívar Beatriz E. , Bouchier‐Hayes Lisa 
Published: January 2022

zVAD‐fmk is a widely used pan‐caspase inhibitor that blocks apoptosis but has undesirable side effects, including autophagy. In this issue, Needs et al. propose that zVAD‐fmk induces autophagy by inhibiting the N‐glycanase NGLY1 rather than caspases. NGLY1 is essential for the ERAD response and patients with inactivating mutations in NGLY1 present with neurodevelopmental defects and organ dysfunction. The ability of NGLY1 to inhibit basal levels of autophagy may contribute to this pathology. This study demonstrates possible crosstalk between protein turnover and autophagy while also underscoring the importance of specificity when using chemical tools to interrogate these pathways.Comment on https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16345
First‐mover disadvantage: the sovereign ratings mousetrap
Authors: Klusak Patrycja , Kraemer Moritz , Vu Huong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing 102 sovereigns rated by the three largest credit rating agencies (CRA), S&P, Moody's and Fitch between January 2000 and January 2019, we document that the first‐mover CRA (S&P) in downgrades falls into a commercial trap. Namely, each sovereign downgrade by one notch by the first‐mover CRA (S&P) results in 2.4% increase in the probability of a rating contract being cancelled by the sovereign client. The more downgrades S&P makes in a given month, the more their sovereign rating coverage falls relative to its rivals. Our results are more pronounced for downgrades on small sovereign borrowers than on large sovereign borrowers. This paper explores the interaction between three themes of the literature: herding behaviour amongst CRAs, issues of conflict of interest and ratings quality. Our empirical evidence gives credence to, and underscores the need for sovereign ratings to be made in an impartial way and independent of their commercial ramifications elsewhere in the CRA.
From quiet to noisy politics: Varieties of European reactions to 5G and Huawei
Authors: Calcara Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract5G networks are at the center of geopolitical competition. The United States has denounced market leader Huawei's ability to break into allies' sensitive networks and it has tried to convince Europeans to ban the Chinese group from their 5G markets. How are European governments and industries reacting to 5G politicization? This article argues that government‐industry interactions in the handling of politically salient issues are mediated by the country's political system. In executive‐dominated countries, the government would centralize policymaking. In parliament‐dominated countries, the government would delegate politically salient issues to the industry to bypass diffuse power‐sharing and fragmented coalition‐building. The article adds that political economy acts as an intervening variable. In public governance ecosystems, governments and industries interact through informal coordination; in private governance ecosystems, the two actors rely on formal contracting. The empirical analysis focuses on British, Dutch, French, and Italian reactions to 5G politicization, yielding favorable results to the hypotheses.
Pollution in a globalized world: Are debt transfers among countries a solution?
Authors: Davin Marion , Fodha Mouez , Seegmuller Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyze the effects of a debt relief, that is, a decrease in public debt of a low‐income country financed by a high‐income country, on environmental quality. Under perfect mobility of assets, the debt relief increases the overall capital stock, and environmental quality when public abatements are sufficiently efficient. Welfare in both countries can also improve. Under a weak mobility of assets, capital does no more increase in the richest country, but environmental quality can improve. This comes from a crowding‐out effect of debt in the high‐income country, which does no more take place when the mobility of assets is significant.
Shadow economy: A comprehensive concept and the interpretation of its size
Authors: Galambosné Tiszberger Mónika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is lack of standard understanding or definition of the shadow economy. The aim of this mainly theoretical paper is twofold. First it brings together the concepts of the available academic research and official statistics. Second it discusses in what sense the calculated shadow economy measures indicate an exceeding amount over the official Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Indicators usually express shadow economy size as a proportion of GDP, so it is of most importance to elucidate the true meaning of these numbers. Official GDP already includes certain part of the shadow activities. Empirical calculations illustrate the weight of overlap.
3,6'‐disinapoyl sucrose attenuates Aβ1‐42‐ induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by enhancing antioxidation and regulating autophagy
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Zhao Yuming , Liu Yanan , Liu Yang , Liu Yue , Niu Fenxi , Fang Fang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aggregation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) has the neurotoxicity, which is thought to play critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting Aβ deposition and neurotoxicity has been considered as an important strategy for AD treatment. 3,6'‐Disinapoyl sucrose (DISS), one of the oligosaccharide esters derived from traditional Chinese medicine Polygalae Radix, possesses antioxidative activity, neuroprotective effect and anti‐depressive activity. This study was to explore whether DISS could attenuate the pathological changes of Aβ1‐42 transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The results showed that DISS (5 and 50 μM) treatment significantly prolonged the life span, increased the number of egg‐laying, reduced paralysis rate, decreased the levels of lipofuscin and ROS and attenuated Aβ deposition in Aβ1‐42 transgenic C. elegans. Gene analysis showed that DISS could up‐regulate the mRNA expression of sod‐3, gst‐4, daf‐16, bec‐1 and lgg‐1, while down‐regulate the mRNA expression of daf‐2 and daf‐15 in Aβ1‐42 transgenic C. elegans. These results suggested that DISS has the protective effect against Aβ1‐42‐induced pathological damages and prolongs the life span of C. elegans, which may be related to the reduction of Aβ deposition and neurotoxicity by regulating expression of genes related to antioxidation and autophagy.
Influence of COVID‐19 on the next generation of nurses in the United States
Authors: Kells Meredith , Jennings Mathis Karen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims/ObjectivesExamine the affective state (anxiety, depression), life satisfaction, stress and worry, media consumption and perceptions of pursuing a career in nursing amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundNursing students worldwide have reported increased stress, fear and anxiety amidst challenges and risks associated with COVID‐19. It remains unclear what impact COVID‐19 will have on nursing students in the United States (US) as they prepare to enter the workforce.DesignCross‐sectional study of undergraduate nursing students at one university in the Northeastern United States.MethodsStudents (N = 161) completed an online survey (July 2020) about health and life satisfaction, affective state (depression, anxiety), stress and interest in pursuing nursing. Descriptive statistical analysis described sample and quantitative data. Linear regression was used to examine whether media consumption, stress, affective states predicted interest in pursuing a nursing career. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to the open‐ended question, ‘How has COVID‐19 influenced your interest in pursuing a nursing career?’. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was used to evaluate methodological quality.ResultsMean stress score was 56.6 (range 0–100), 55.6% of respondents felt unsettled about the future, and 68.2% reported feeling overwhelmed. 18.7% of students reported moderate to severe anxiety, 19.8% reported moderate to severe depression and 54.4% reported that COVID‐19 influenced their interest in nursing. Six themes emerged from qualitative analysis: no change, reaffirming/confirmatory, importance of nursing, reality check, positive influence and negative influence.ConclusionsUniversities/colleges and nursing faculty should prioritise universal mental health assessment for nursing students and enhance mental health services to support and monitor this population.Relevance to clinical practiceMental health services to support nursing students are warranted in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Reduction in nursing workforce may have significant impacts on staffing ratios, patient outcomes, nurse burn‐out and other aspects of clinical care.