bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase change materials influence on temperature variatio buildings
Authors: Zhou Hongxia , Andersson André , Olofsson Thomas 
Published: August 2022

For the design of sustainable buildings, it is crucial with accurate methods to evaluate how alternative constructions will influence thermal comfort, as well as energy efficiency. This study introduces a model to investigate how the use of phase change materials (PCM)in building envelopes can influence the temperature stratification, which also influences the indoor thermal comfort. PCM is characterized by large latent heat in the melting/solidifying process during phase transition. Applications with PCM have been recognized as possible alternatives in building envelopes to improve thermal comfort as well as energy efficiency. The selection of the properties of the PCM, as well as how and where the PCM was installed in the building envelope, are crucial factors to be considered before application in practice.
In this study, a simplified experimental set-up including a hot-box was used. The PCM material Climsel28 with different layers thicknesses was installed in the sidewall of a hot-box. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam boards were used as wall insulation material in the study. XPS was installed as a reference case and in different layer combinations with the PCM. The sequence of the XPS and PCM was varied. Temperature and heat flux were measured in different positions of the hot-box and on the tested walls. A 3D COMSOL model was developed to study the thermal performance of the system. The model was validated in the study using the collected experimental data. The results indicated that the developed COMSOL model can reasonably predict the performance of the system, both with and without the incorporation of PCM. Additionally, the measured temperature stratification were theoretically validated by the COMSOL model. The study gives indicative guidance of how PCMs can be installed in building constructions elements to reduce temperature peak loads and thus also contributing to an improvement of the indoor thermal comfort.
Simulation on the effect of local exhaust ventilation in removing surgical smoke
Authors: Wang Wentao , Jiang Sihang , Wang Huan , Li Xianting 
Published: August 2022

The indoor environment of the operating room has a significant impact on the health of personnel. Compared with the pollutants released from occupants, the amount of pollutants generated by surgical equipment is greater, which easily affects the health of patients and doctors. In this study, local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is applied to an operating room and LEV is mounted near the operation zone to remove the surgical smoke from the surgical equipment. CFD technique is used and the surgical smoke concentration reduction potential under different inlet air volumes and different inlet areas of LEV is studied. The results show that compared with the traditional method, when the inlet area of each LEV is set to 0.030 m2, the surgical smoke concentration can be reduced by 10.8%-39.2% as the inlet air volume increases from 0.003 to 0.027 m3/s; when the inlet air volume of each LEV is set to 0.015 m3/s, the surgical smoke concentration can be reduced by 24.7%-31.6% as the inlet area varies from 0.015 to 0.060 m2. This study shows that the LEV has a good potential in reducing surgical smoke concentration in the operating room.
Keywords: operating room, local exhaust ventilation, laminar airflow, surgical smoke, CFD
Development of a Bioaerosol Experimental System for Virus Stability Measurement
Authors: Zhu Huoquan , Wang Lei , Wei Jianjian 
Published: August 2022

Respiratory infections, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, have highlighted the importance of studying the transmission mechanism in indoor environments. Virus stability affected by temperature, humidity or particle size has remained inadequately investigated.
A bioaerosol experiment system is developed in this study for virus stability measurement. Virus-laden droplets are generated by a Collison nebulizer, and afterwards enter a mixing chamber, where is filled with conditioned air. After complete evaporation, droplet nuclei go through an impactor, and only those smaller than the cut-off size (1μm, 2.5μm or 10μm) can finally enter Goldberg Drum to suspend for a designed period for later sampling and stability measurement. Temperature (20℃-40℃) and relative humidity (30%-80%) can be well controlled throughout the experiment. According to the virus inactivation mechanism, the sampling process is divided into the initial stage involving droplet evaporation and the subsequent aerosol suspension stage. Decay coefficients obtained by this method can be used for evaluation of virus exposure risks in indoor environments and for the development of efficient engineering control strategies.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes in Medically and Surgically Failed or Nonsurgical Candidates with Medically Failed Prolactinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yagnik Karan J. , Erickson Dana , Bancos Irina , Choby Garret , Laack Nadia , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Prolactinomas are treated with dopamine agonists (DAs) as first-line therapy and transsphenoidal surgery as an alternative approach for medically failed tumors. We sought to summarize the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the medically and surgically failed prolactinomas as well as in nonsurgical candidates with medically failed prolactinomas by systematic review and meta-analysis.
Method A literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guideline.
Results A total of 11 articles (total N = 709) met inclusion criteria. Thirty-three percent of patients were able to achieve endocrine remission at a mean follow-up of 54.2 ± 42.2 months with no association between stopping DA and endocrine remission. Sixty-two percent of patients were able to achieve endocrine control with DA therapy and 34% of patients were able to decrease the dose of DA dose when compared with pre-SRS DA dose at the end of the follow-up period. However, 54% of patients required DA at the end of the follow-up to control hyperprolactinemia. Ninety percent of patients were able to achieve radiologic control at the end of the follow-up in comparison to pre-SRS imagings. Furthermore, 26% of patients newly developed hypopituitarism (one or more pituitary hormones) post-SRS throughout the follow-up period.
Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates SRS as an effective adjunct therapy in medically failed nonsurgical candidates or surgically and medically recalcitrant prolactinomas with a 33% chance of achieving endocrine remission, 62% of patients achieved hormonal control with DA and GKRS (gamma knife radio-surgery), with a 34% chance of decreasing DA dose and 90% chance of achieving radiologic control.
Superiorly Based Middle Turbinate Flap for Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study and Case Series
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Barton Blair , Karsy Michael , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G. , Farrell Christopher , Evans James J. , Rosen Marc R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the anterior cranial base are frequently repaired with endonasal, multilayered reconstructions. Vascularized tissue flaps are superior to free mucosal grafts and biomaterials in many cases. Limitations of previously described flaps include reach, rotation, pedicle availability, and postoperative sinonasal morbidity. The objective of this study is to describe the superiorly based middle turbinate flap, a novel vascularized mucosal reconstruction option, and to present a case series demonstrating flap utility.
Design Cadaveric feasibility study with technical description and illustrative case series.
Setting Tertiary medical center.
Participants Three silicone-injected cadaveric specimens (6 sides); 7 patients with CSF rhinorrhea from bony dehiscence of the anterior cranial fossa repaired with a superiorly based middle turbinate flap.
Outcome Measures Cadaveric feasibility, in vivo repair outcomes, sinonasal symptoms, and postoperative healing.
Results Cadaveric dissection demonstrated a consistent vascular plexus arising from the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries, originating at the superior attachment of the middle turbinate and traveling inferiorly to supply the mucosa of the middle turbinate. Mean surface area of the flap was 776.67 ± 114.60 mm2. The clinical series of 7 patients involved leaks around the cribriform plate and fovea ethmoidalis. There were no instances of repair failure. All cases showed rapid and complete remucosalization without significant sinonasal morbidity.
Conclusion The superiorly based middle turbinate flap is a reliable, versatile, and effective option for a vascularized mucosal flap onlay that can be used in anterior skull base reconstruction. This flap is particularly useful in the repair of defects involving the cribriform plate and fovea ethmoidalis.
Skull Base Registries: A Roadmap
Authors: Parikh Kara P. , Motiwala Mustafa , Beer-Furlan Andre , Michael L. Madison , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. , Choby Garret W. , Kshettry Varun R. , Saleh Sara , Mukherjee Debraj , Kirsch Claudia , McKean Erin , Sorenson Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHospitals, payors, and patients increasingly expect us to report our outcomes in more detail and to justify our treatment decisions and costs. Although there are many stakeholders in surgical outcomes, physicians must take the lead role in defining how outcomes are assessed. Skull base lesions interact with surrounding anatomy to produce a complex spectrum of presentations and surgical challenges, requiring a wide variety of surgical approaches. Moreover, many skull base lesions are relatively rare. These factors and others often preclude the use of prospective randomized clinical trials, thus necessitating alternate methods of scientific inquiry. In this paper, we propose a roadmap for implementing a skull base registry, along with expected benefits and challenges.
Assessing Quality of Life among Radiation-Induced Hypopituitary Patients
Authors: Ryder C Yoonhee , Bellile Emily L. , VanKoevering Kyle K. , McKean Erin L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Radiation-induced hypopituitarism (RIH) has long been recognized as one of the deleterious side effects of skull base radiation. This study aims to assess the quality of life (QoL) among patients with RIH compared with radiated patients who did not develop hypopituitarism using the validated Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ).
Methods This was a single-institution retrospective cohort study. Included patients had a history of anterior skull base tumor, underwent at least one round of radiation to the skull base, and had filled out at least one ASBQ survey after their radiation treatment. Three statistical models were used to determine the effect of hypopituitarism and treatment on QoL scores.
Results A total of 145 patients met inclusion criteria, and 330 ASBQ surveys were analyzed. Thirty-five percent (51/145) had evidence of RIH at some point after their radiation treatment. Those with hypopituitarism had significantly lower overall ASBQ scores across all three models even after adjusting for potential confounders and intraperson correlation (average decrease of 0.24–0.45 on a 5-point Likert scale; p-values ranging from 0.0004 to 0.018). The increase in QoL with hormonal replacement was modulated by time out from radiation, with long-term survivors (5+ years out from radiation) gaining the most benefit from treatment (increase of 0.89 on a 5-point Likert scale, p 0.0412), especially in the vitality domain.
Conclusion This data demonstrates that hypopituitarism is an independent predictor of lower QoL. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to avoid the negative impact of hypopituitarism on QoL.
The advanced multi-functional carbon dots in photoelectrochemistry based energy conversion
Authors: Zhou Yunjie , Liao Fan , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a unique zero-dimensional member of carbon materials, have attracted numerous attentions for their potential applications in optoelectronic, biological, and energy related fields. Recently, CDs as catalysts for energy conversion reactions under multi-physical conditions such as light and/or electricity have grown into a research frontier due to their advantages of high visible light utilization, fast migration of charge carriers, efficient surface redox reactions and good electrical conductivity. In this review, we summarize the fabrication methods of CDs and corresponding CD nanocomposites, including the strategies of surface modification and heteroatom doping. The properties of CDs that concerned to the photo- and electro-catalysis are highlighted and detailed corresponding applications are listed. More importantly, as new non-contact detection technologies, transient photo-induced voltage/current have been developed to detect and study the charge transfer kinetics, which can sensitively reflect the complex electron separation and transfer behavior in photo-/electro-catalysts. The development and application of the techniques are reviewed. Finally, we discuss and outline the major challenges and opportunities for future CD-based catalysts, and the needs and expectations for the development of novel characterization technologies.
Information retrieval and structural complexity of legal trees
Authors: Förster Yanik-Pascal , Annibale Alessia , Gamberi Luca , Tzanis Evan , Vivo Pierpaolo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We introduce a model for the retrieval of information hidden in legal texts. These are typically organised in a hierarchical (tree) structure, which a reader interested in a given provision needs to explore down to the ‘deepest’ level (articles, clauses, …). We assess the structural complexity of legal trees by computing the mean first-passage time a random reader takes to retrieve information planted in the leaves. The reader is assumed to skim through the content of a legal text based on their interests/keywords, and be drawn towards the sought information based on keywords affinity, i.e. how well the Chapters/Section headers of the hierarchy seem to match the informational content of the leaves. Using randomly generated keyword patterns, we investigate the effect of two main features of the text—the horizontal and vertical coherence—on the searching time, and consider ways to validate our results using real legal texts. We obtain numerical and analytical results, the latter based on a mean-field approximation on the level of patterns, which lead to an explicit expression for the complexity of legal trees as a function of the structural parameters of the model.
Back to the Roots: The Laws of Neutrality and the Future of Due Diligence in Cyberspace
Authors: Lemnitzer Jan Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The question of whether the due diligence rule applies in cyberspace has become a key issue in the cyber norms debate. Yet there is no consensus whether the rule is binding, and states lack clear guidance on what the norm requires them to do. This is not just unfortunate but also dangerous since a crisis caused by a cyber attack routed through a third state where the victim state and the third state have fundamentally different views as to which duties apply carries a serious escalation risk. While scholars have suggested adapting legal approaches from other successful due diligence regimes, these rules are not a good match for the crucial issue in cyber due diligence: what do states need to do to ensure that no state is attacked using their networks? This article suggests going back to the roots and implementing principles derived from the laws of neutrality, the field that originally brought the due diligence principle into international law. Designed to manage escalation risk at the fringes of international conflict, it is our best guide through the grey zone of due diligence in cyberspace. The classic cases such as Alabama and Corfu Channel were disputes related to armed conflicts but between states that were at peace with each other. Read closely, they offer clear guidance on how to develop a flexible, but reliable, due diligence standard for cyberspace that will help states manage expectations of responsible behaviour and thereby defuse future potential conflicts before they arise, while avoiding the need to formally attribute the original attack. The final section will seek to consolidate the historical, legal as well as technological developments discussed here to lay out what the due diligence rule in cyberspace is likely to look like soon.
Association of Life’s Simple 7 with incident cardiovascular disease in 53 974 patients with cancer
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Suzuki Yuta , Ueno Kensuke , Okada Akira , Fujiu Katsuhito , Matsuoka Satoshi , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Kamiya Kentaro , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cancer survivors have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although Life’s Simple 7 is used for CVD risk stratification in a general population, its utility in cancer survivors remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the association of Life’s Simple 7 with incident CVD among cancer survivors. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the change in Life’s Simple 7 and the subsequent CVD risk.

Methods and results
This retrospective observational study was conducted using the JMDC Claims Database, and we analyzed 53 974 patients with a prior history of breast, colorectal, or stomach cancer, which is a common cancer site in the Japanese population. The median age was 54 years, and 37.8% were men. We modified the original definition of Life’s Simple 7 and identified the following ideal Life’s Simple 7 cardiovascular health metrics: non-smoking, body mass index &lt; 25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting plasma glucose &lt; 100 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure &lt; 120/80 mmHg, and untreated total cholesterol &lt; 200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was composite CVD outcome, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and heart failure. Over a mean follow-up period of 975 ± 794 days, 3150 composite CVD outcomes were recorded. The risk of CVD events increased with a greater number of non-ideal Life’s Simple 7. The hazard ratio per 1-point increase in non-ideal Life’s Simple 7 was 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.18). Furthermore, a 1-point increase in non-ideal Life’s Simple 7 over 1 year was associated with subsequent CVD risk (hazard ratio: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.19).

Conclusion
Life’s Simple 7 could be applicable for CVD risk stratification even among cancer survivors. Optimizing Life’s Simple 7 may prevent the development of CVD in cancer survivors.
“Move On Up a Little Higher”
Authors: Zolten Jerry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Post–Café Society, the Dixie Hummingbirds got back to business working out of Philadelphia. They were well known in the city from taking part in overseas broadcasts to the troops and performing on flatbed trucks to promote war bonds or donations of old records to be melted for shellac. Their schedule of local broadcasts and appearances continued; a highlight was concert productions staged as “song battles” between the Hummingbirds and top groups passing through the city. The Hummingbirds were instrumental in transforming the city's uptown Metropolitan Opera House into “the Met,” a high-capacity venue for gospel programs. Landmark anniversaries were celebrated with the Hummingbirds organizing and headlining showcases of the best national and regional gospel talent. Beachey Thompson of Baltimore’s Willing Four came to the group's attention at one of these showcases, and in 1944, he joined the Hummingbirds lineup. There had been no record releases since 1939, and the Hummingbirds were pursuing options. Opportunities were rife with the establishment of numerous independent labels in the years following the war. The first new sides were released on the Newark-based Regis/Manor label. Then in 1946 they released eighteen tracks on the New York City–based Apollo label. When label owners pressured them to go secular, the Hummingbirds moved on to Philadelphia-based Gotham Records, newly acquired by Ivin Ballen, who also mentored Ira Tucker as an arranger, songwriter, and producer.
“Let’s Go Out to the Programs”
Authors: Zolten Jerry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The 1950s were a mix of turbulence and triumph for the civil rights movement. Gospel music was the soundtrack. The first wave of rock 'n' roll was dominated by African American vocal groups emulating the gospel sound. The Dixie Hummingbirds as pioneers of soul gospel established themselves in the top tier of the genre. Gospel stars such as Clara Ward, Rosetta Tharpe, and Mahalia Jackson organized nationwide package tours that often featured the Dixie Hummingbirds. Black gospel had become an art form. In 1952, the Hummingbirds signed with Don Robey’s Houston-based Peacock Records. The records they cut featured the latest member, electric guitarist Howard Carroll. Many of their Peacock tracks were “hits” that established their legacy forevermore. The Hummingbirds were booked through Robey's Buffalo Booking Agency with Evelyn Johnson at the helm. They established a touring pattern: warm weather states in the winter, the north and west the rest of the year. Group anniversaries were celebrated in Philadelphia with gospel extravaganzas at the “Met.” The Hummingbirds as headliner helped inaugurate gospel shows at the Apollo Theater. Peacock launched an album series with a Dixie Hummingbirds release. The quintessential lineup was now in place: James Davis, Ira Tucker, James Walker, Beachey Thompson, William Bobo, and Howard Carroll.
“I’ll Keep on Living After I Die”
Authors: Zolten Jerry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
James Davis passed in 2007. Ira Tucker soldiered on choosing and training younger singers in the Hummingbirds’ style. Ira Jr. teamed up with him in efforts to continue the legacy. The seventy-fifth anniversary was marked with an album and special events in South Carolina. There, Ira Tucker took part in a new documentary film, How They Got Over: Gospel Quartets and the Road to Rock ‘n’ Roll. The album Diamond Jubilation featured Dr. John along with veterans of Bob Dylan's band including as producer Larry Campbell, Tony Garnier, Levon Helm, and Garth Hudson. A highlight was the debut of Dylan's song “City of Gold.” Guitarist Lyndon Baines Jones made his recording debut as a Hummingbird. High-profile appearances and accolades continued. Philadelphia honored them with a mural on the side of a building and a street renamed “Dixie Hummingbird Way.” Ira Tucker's final album Still Keeping It Real/The Last Man Standing was nominated for a 2007 Grammy Award. There was a performance at Paul Simon's award ceremony for the inaugural Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. Health issues began affecting Ira Tucker and he passed in 2008. Stevie Wonder spoke and performed at the funeral. The Hummingbirds currently stand at a crossroads. The interest in quartet gospel thrives through new books, documentaries, music streaming, and social media fan pages. The National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC features a Hummingbirds exhibit. Nonetheless, performance opportunities remain scarce and the future of the Dixie Hummingbirds is uncertain.