bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological manifestations and complications of lung and brain in Egyptian COVID-19 patients
Authors: El-Shourbagy Kholoud Hamdy , Ghith Lamees M. , Hablas Lina T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease COVID-19 is a viral illness, currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Pneumonia is the most common extreme presentation of COVID-19 infection, manifesting by fever, dry cough, difficulty of breathing or shortness of breath and mainly ground-glass infiltrates in radiological images. Chest computed tomography (CT) has a potential role in the diagnosis, detection of complications and prognostication of coronavirus disease COVID-19. In addition to severe respiratory manifestations, there are a wide range of neurological manifestations ranging from nonspecific symptoms to necrotizing encephalopathies and stroke. Our study aimed to review lung and neurological manifestations in recent and post-COVID-19 Egyptian patients and to be familiar with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of Neuro-COVID patients.ResultsThe present study included eighty COVID-19 patients with age ranged from 28 to 78 years (mean age 57.84 + 12.58 years) who were 54 males (mean age 56.64 + 12.50) and 26 females (mean age 48.65 + 14.24). All our patients were with recent or previous history of COVID-19 infection and subjected to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations and CT examination. The reported lung manifestations included normal lung shadows, ground-glass opacifications (GGOs), consolidations, reticulation, reticulation and GGOs (crazy paving) and fibrotic-like changes. Out of eighty COVID-19 patients, twenty showed neurological manifestations ranging from nonspecific symptoms to necrotizing encephalopathies and stroke. Patients with neurological manifestation were in addition to CT submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as appropriate. MRI done to neuro-COVID patients showed that 8/20 (40%) had no abnormalities and 12/20 (60%) had abnormalities. The most common abnormalities are infarction, major or lacunar infarction, followed by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and meningoencephalitis.ConclusionOld age patients, especially males, were more affected than females. Lung manifestations are common in COVID-19 patients than neurological manifestations. The presence of fibrotic changes in the lung could predict severe COVID-19 affection and bad prognosis. There might be an association between appearance of neurological manifestations and poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.
Determination of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) polymorphism and its relation to systemic lupus erythematosus disease status
Authors: Abdel-Monem Samia M. , El-Brashy Abdel Wahab Sh. E. , Hassan Waleed A. , Abdullah Omnia A. , Almallah Dalia H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with variable clinical manifestations that can affect various organs and tissues. Estrogen is an important element that performs a vital role in the pathology of SLE. It acts on target cells through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). This study aimed to assess the effect of ER alpha gene polymorphism on SLE disease activity and clinical manifestations. This study included 30 SLE female patients and 20 healthy subjects as controls. ERα gene (pvull and xbal) polymorphisms were genotyped using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and correlated with clinical and laboratory manifestations of SLE as well as the activity and severity scores.

Results
Regarding ERα (rs1 2234693 Pvull) polymorphism, the TC and CC genotypes were mainly associated with SLE patients, with a high frequency of the mutant C allele. The TT genotype was found mainly in the control group. Concerning rs2 9340799 Xbal polymorphisms, the AG, AA, and GG genotypes frequencies were not significantly different between patient and controls. The TC/AA, CC/GG, and CC/GG genotypes were the most prevalent combinations among SLE patients, while the later combination is completely absent from the control group. There was a significant statistical association with the AA genotype with the neurological disorders and/or hematological affection in SLE patients. The TC genotype was more related to serositis, leucopenia and pyuria, while the AA polymorphism was associated only with leucopenia.

Conclusions
We conclude that the study offers a clue to the associations of ERα gene polymorphisms in SLE disease, and the combinations relevant to certain clinical manifestations. Estrogen level itself does not affect SLE susceptibility or activity but the mutations in its receptors are the main pathogenic factor.
Fear of COVID-19 and its association with mental health-related factors: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Ohayon Maurice M. , Griffiths Mark D. , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe severity of COVID-19 remains high worldwide. Therefore, millions of individuals are likely to suffer from fear of COVID-19 and related mental health factors.AimsThe present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize empirical evidence to understand fear of COVID-19 and its associations with mental health-related problems during this pandemic period.MethodRelevant studies were searched for on five databases (Scopus, ProQuest, EMBASE, PubMed Central, and ISI Web of Knowledge), using relevant terms (COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, depression, mental health-related factors, mental well-being and sleep problems). All studies were included for analyses irrespective of their methodological quality, and the impact of quality on pooled effect size was examined by subgroup analysis.ResultsThe meta-analysis pooled data from 91 studies comprising 88 320 participants (mean age 38.88 years; 60.66% females) from 36 countries. The pooled estimated mean of fear of COVID-19 was 13.11 (out of 35), using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The associations between fear of COVID-19 and mental health-related factors were mostly moderate (Fisher's z = 0.56 for mental health-related factors; 0.54 for anxiety; 0.42 for stress; 0.40 for depression; 0.29 for sleep problems and –0.24 for mental well-being). Methodological quality did not affect these associations.ConclusionsFear of COVID-19 has associations with various mental health-related factors. Therefore, programmes for reducing fear of COVID-19 and improving mental health are needed.
Eligibility Criteria Perpetuate Disparities in Enrollment and Participation of Black Patients in Pancreatic Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Riner Andrea N. , Girma Selamawit , Vudatha Vignesh , Mukhopadhyay Nitai , Skoro Nevena , Gal Tamas S. , Freudenberger Devon C. , Herremans Kelly M. , George Thomas J. , Trevino Jose G. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE
Clinical trials determine safety and efficacy of cancer therapeutics and establish standards of care. Minority patient participation in cancer clinical trials is dismal. We aimed to determine the impact of eligibility criteria on disparities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinical trial candidacy.

METHODS
Traditional PDAC trial eligibility criteria were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov. Patients with PDAC who sought care at Virginia Commonwealth University Health from 2010 to 2019 were included. Clinical data were obtained from billing codes and discrete values in the electronic medical record. Eligibility criteria differences between racial groups were determined using chi-squared tests and unconditional maximum likelihood-based odds ratios.

RESULTS

Among 676 patients, most identified as Black or White race (42.5% and 51.6%, respectively). Using traditional criteria, Black patients were more likely to be ineligible for participation compared with White patients (42.4%
v
33.2%,
P
= .023) secondary to hypoalbuminemia (14.1%
v
7.9%,
P
= .023), HIV (3.1%
v
0.3%,
P
= .010), hepatitis B (1.7%
v
0%,
P
= .043), and hepatitis C (9.1%
v
3.4%,
P
= .005). Black patients were also numerically more likely to be ineligible because of renal dysfunction, recent coronary stenting, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Prior cancer treatment excluded fewer Black than White patients (9.1%
v
14.0%,
P
= .072), most attributable to lower rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy received. Strategic eligibility criteria revisions could equalize ineligibility rates between Black and White patients (26.8%
v
24.8%,
P
= .581).

CONCLUSION
Traditional eligibility criteria differentially exclude Black patients from participating in PDAC clinical trials. These criteria perpetuate disparities, limit generalizability, and are often not medically justifiable. Revised criteria may improve participant diversity, without compromising safety or study results.
Can Automated Alerts in the Electronic Health Record Encourage Referrals for Genetic Counseling and Testing Among Patients at High Risk for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes?
Authors: Zorn Kristin K. , Simonson Melinda E. , Faulkner Jennifer L. , Carr Cyndee L. , Acuna Joshua , Hall Tiffany L. , Jenkins John F. , Drummond Karen L. , Curran Geoffrey M. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: Up to 10% of cancers may be associated with an inherited mutation that increases cancer risk. National guidelines emphasize referral for genetic counseling and testing for patients whose personal and/or family history increases their risk of having a hereditary cancer syndrome. METHODS: To increase appropriate referrals for cancer genetic counseling and testing, we piloted an automated alert known as a Best Practice Advisory (BPA) in the electronic health record, Epic, to notify oncology providers when a patient had a personal and/or family history that merited referral to cancer genetics. Epic could not gather the complex clinical data needed for the referral decision automatically, necessitating staff completion of a questionnaire. After educating providers, the BPA was implemented with resources to support its use. RESULTS: Initial interaction with the alert was high but rapidly dwindled, resulting in questionnaire completion in 7.2% of more than 32,000 encounters and 14.9% of patients over 9 months. However, cancer genetics referrals increased 95.9% during the pilot ( P < .0001), with 18.5% placed through the BPA and the rest from a non-BPA mechanism. Semistructured interviews with key stakeholders revealed not only general acceptance of the BPA concept but also barriers to completion, such as pressure to room patients quickly in the face of competing BPAs and lack of buy-in from some providers. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that provider engagement and BPA fatigue are significant obstacles to acceptance of a new automated alert. Despite interest in a tool for cancer genetics, the demand on clinical time for this complex BPA was poorly tolerated.
Influence of humidity on the binding of stone fragments via capillary bridges
Authors: Persson B. N. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the humidity dependency of the adhesion (or pull-off) force between granite fragments and a silica glass plate. The particles bind to the glass plate via capillary bridges. The granite particles are produced by cracking a granite stone in a mortar and have self-affine fractal surface roughness. Theory shows that the surface roughness results in an interaction force between stone fragments and the glass plate which is independent of the size of the particles, in contrast to the linear size dependency expected for particles with smooth surfaces. We measure the adhesion force by depositing the granite particle powder, with particle sizes ranging from mm to μm (or less), on the glass plate. By turning the glass plate upside-down all particles with a gravitational force larger than the adhesion force will fall off the glass plate. By studying the size (and hence the mass) of biggest still attached particles we obtained the adhesion force, which is found to be in good agreement with the theory prediction.
Integrative Clinical, Radiological, and Molecular Analysis for Predicting Remission and Recurrence of Cushing Disease
Authors: Moreno-Moreno Paloma , Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Fuentes-Fayos Antonio C , Alhambra-Expósito María R , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , García-Martínez Araceli , Dios Elena , Vázquez-Borrego Mari C , Remón-Ruiz Pablo , Cámara Rosa , Lamas Cristina , Carlos Padillo-Cuenca José , Solivera Juan , Cano David A , Gahete Manuel D , Herrera-Martínez Aura D , Picó Antonio , Soto-Moreno Alfonso , Gálvez-Moreno María Ángeles , Castaño Justo P , Luque Raúl M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors (ACTHomas) are associated with severe comorbidities and increased mortality. Current treatments mainly focus on remission and prevention of persistent disease and recurrence. However, there are still no useful biomarkers to accurately predict the clinical outcome after surgery, long-term remission, or disease relapse.

Objectives
This work aimed to identify clinical, biochemical, and molecular markers for predicting long-term clinical outcome and remission in ACTHomas.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter study was performed with 60 ACTHomas patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 with at least 2 years’ follow-up. Clinical/biochemical variables were evaluated yearly. Molecular expression profile of the somatostatin/ghrelin/dopamine regulatory systems components and of key pituitary factors and proliferation markers were evaluated in tumor samples after the first surgery.

Results
Clinical variables including tumor size, time until diagnosis/first surgery, serum prolactin, and postsurgery cortisol levels were associated with tumor remission and relapsed disease. The molecular markers analyzed were distinctly expressed in ACTHomas, with some components (ie, SSTR1, CRHR1, and MKI67) showing instructive associations with recurrence and/or remission. Notably, an integrative model including selected clinical variables (tumor size/postsurgery serum cortisol), and molecular markers (SSTR1/CRHR1) can accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients with ACTHomas, generating a receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under the curve of 1 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the combination of a set of clinical and molecular biomarkers in ACTHomas is able to accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients. Consequently, the postsurgery molecular profile represents a valuable tool for clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with ACTHomas.
The Pass System in Practice: Restricting Indigenous Mobility in the Canadian Northwest, 1885–1915
Authors: Storey Kenton 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is an examination of the impact of the pass system on First Nations people from the Treaty 4 District of Western Canada. The pass system, which was implemented by the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) in 1885, was a system of administrative control that required many treaty people to obtain the permission of DIA staff before traveling off-reserve. The article is inspired by Alex Williams’s recent documentary The Pass System, which draws on the testimony of Indigenous elders while challenging accepted wisdom about both the impacts of the pass system and the length of its implementation. Through the examination of four case studies, the article shows how the pass system was applied indiscriminately, disrupting not only the free movement of First Nations people but also their governance structures. Finally, the article suggests that many Treaty Four people may have acquiesced to the pass system for the most part but resisted most vociferously in the context of the DIA’s attempt to curtail Nehiyaw ceremonies.
The Texcoco Coat of Arms
Authors: Castañeda de la Paz María 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the last couple of years, the Texcoco coat of arms has received much attention, yet there is no agreement on the interpretation of some of its heraldic elements or its date and authorship. In this article the author presents a new iconographic study accompanied by a review of an important part of Texcoco’s history to demonstrate that the goal of the artist who painted this coat of arms was to exalt that city’s most significant political events: Nezahualcoyotl’s conquest of the Acolhua capital of Coatlinchan and the relocation of its court to Texcoco. Various additional aspects suggest that this coat of arms pertains to the first half of the seventeenth century; they also provide clues to the possible identity of the intellectual author of this shield.
A Trans Way of Seeing
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Nadja , Rotolo Kitty 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This autoethnographic piece, cowritten through letters exchanged between Kitty Rotolo, currently incarcerated in New York State, and Nadja Eisenberg-Guyot, an abolitionist organizer and graduate student in New York City, explores elaborations of trans identity, affinity, and community across prison walls. Reflecting on the authors’ friendship and the possibilities for mutual recognition that queer kinship has afforded them—even across the distance and disposability produced by incarceration—these letters reveal transness as a practice of seeing. Through letter writing and storytelling, the authors explore how Rotolo has negotiated incarceration in men's prisons, including the transphobic violence of prison, in order to articulate and live transness—as individual identity, as resistance, as affinity, as collectivity, and as practice—inside.
Long-Term Risks of Hemorrhage and Adverse Radiation Effects of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hasegawa Toshinori , Kato Takenori , Naito Takehiro , Tanei Takafumi , Okada Kou , Ito Risa , Koketsu Yuta , Hirayama Kento 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
The information about long-term risks of hemorrhage and late adverse radiation effects (AREs) after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the long-term risks of hemorrhage and late ARE rates in patients with AVM treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).

METHODS:
We examined 1249 patients with AVM treated with GKS. The Spetzler–Martin grade was I in 313 patients (25%), II in 394 (32%), III in 458 (37%), and IV/V in 84 (7%). The median treatment volume was 2.5 cm3, and the median marginal dose was 20 Gy.

RESULTS:
The median follow-up period was 61 months. The 5- and 10-year nidus obliteration rates were 63% and 82%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year cumulative hemorrhage rates were 7% and 10%, respectively. The annual hemorrhage rate was 1.5% for the first 5 years post-GKS, which decreased to 0.5% thereafter. During the follow-up period, 42 symptomatic cyst formations/chronic encapsulated hematomas ([CFs/CEHs], 3%) and 3 radiation-induced tumors (0.2%) were observed. The 10- and 15-year cumulative CF/CEH rates were 3.7% and 9.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
GKS is associated with reduced hemorrhage risk and high nidus obliteration rates in patients with AVM. The incidence of late AREs tended to increase over time. The most common ARE was CF/CEH, which can be safely removed; however, careful attention should be paid to the long-term development of fatal radiation-induced tumors.
Malignant Pineal Parenchymal Tumors in Adults: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Chalif Eric J. , Murray Richard D. , Mozaffari Khashayar , Chillakuru Yeshwant R. , Shim Timothy , Monfared Ashkan , Sherman Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Limited retrospective data exist on malignant pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) in adults, and there are no large previous studies that review clinical outcomes across the 3 treatment arms of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As a result, optimal disease management has yet to be defined.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate treatment trends and perform survival analysis in adult PPT.

METHODS:
The National Cancer Database was queried for histologically confirmed PPT diagnosed from 2007 to 2016. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of covariates. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated for comparative subanalyses.

RESULTS:
Of the 251 patients who met inclusion criteria, 172 had PPTs of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) and 79 had pineoblastoma. A plurality of patients with pineoblastoma were treated with trimodal therapy (39.1%), whereas patients with PPTID were commonly treated with either surgery alone or surgery and radiation (33.7% each). Factors independently associated with improved overall survival include younger patient age, female sex, lower comorbidity score, lower tumor grade, and treatment with surgery or radiation (each P < .05). Subanalyses confirm the effect of radiation on survival in patients with grade III PPTID with subtotal resection; however, no survival benefit of adjuvant radiation is demonstrated in patients with grade II PPTID with subtotal resection.

CONCLUSION:
Although radiotherapy and surgery were found to increase survival in all patients with PPT, there was no demonstrable survival benefit of adjuvant radiation in surgically treated patients with grade II PPTID. This suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy may not add significant survival benefit in many adult patients with grade II PPTID.
Endoscopic Far-Lateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach for Petroclival Region Meningioma: Surgical Technique and Clinical Experience
Authors: Xie Tao , Wang Yushe , Zhang Xiaobiao , Shao Naiyuan , Lu Weicheng , Yang Qiaoqiao , Qu Chenghui , Li Chen , Liu Tengfei , Liu Shuang , Zhu Wei 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
The management of petroclival region meningioma remains the ultimate achievement in neurosurgery, because of the formidable technical challenges involved.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the technique and feasibility of the purely endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach (EF-SCITA) for the treatment of petroclival region meningiomas.

METHODS:
We reviewed the clinical data of 10 consecutive cases of petroclival region meningiomas treated with the EF-SCITA from August 2018 to August 2020. The clinical outcomes were analyzed. The patient was placed in the lateral position, and then, a “C” shaped incision and craniotomy with exposed sigmoid and transverse sinuses were performed. With the endoscopic holder, endoscopic procedures were performed using standard 2-hand microsurgical techniques. Whether the tentorium or Meckel cave was handled depended on the tumor extension.

RESULTS:
The mean diameter was 45 × 25 mm. Dizziness and headache were the main symptoms. All 10 patients achieved gross total or subtotal resection (Petroclival Meningioma Grade I-III) with good neurological outcomes. The EF-SCITA provides satisfactory, direct exposure to the petroclival region. Cranial nerve deficits are the main postoperative complications. Two patients had a trochlear nerve injury, 3 patients had transient facial paralysis, and 2 patients had oculomotor paralysis (1 total and 1 incomplete), but both of them recovered during the follow-up period. One patient experienced an ipsilateral superior cerebellar artery infarction, and another patient had transient hemiparesis.

CONCLUSION:
The EF-SCITA is effective for most petroclival region meningiomas, except for the cavernous sinus type. This approach simplifies craniotomy procedures, omits burdensome petrosectomy, and avoids crossing posterior neurovascular structures.