bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of winter wheat yield at county level in China using ensemble learning
Authors: Zhang Yuefan , Wang Lunche , Chen Xinxin , Liu Yuting , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Lizhe 
Published: April 2022

Since increasing food demand and continuous reduction of available farmland, reliable and near-real-time wheat yield forecasts are essential to ensure regional and global food supplies. Although the crop model has been widely used in yield estimation, its applicability in large-scale yield prediction is limited due to the large amount of data required for parameterization. We took the main winter wheat growing areas in China and developed an ensemble learning framework based on seven machine learning algorithms, such as extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector regression. The model used satellite vegetation index time series, climate, soil properties, and elevation data to provide county-level winter wheat yield forecasts from 2001 to 2015. The results showed that the ensemble explained 86% of the yield variability, which outperformed all base learners. By calculating the correlation between the prediction results of the base learners, we believed that the prediction performance of ensemble learning still has the potential for improvement. Soil properties and elevation data effectively improved the performance of the model because they contained information about yield prediction that could not be fully captured by vegetation index and climate data. As the growing season went on, the unique contribution of increasing climate data to yield forecasts was always more than that of vegetation index, especially in the early growing season. Furthermore, we evaluated the model’s ability to perform within-season prediction, and the model achieved satisfactory prediction accuracy 2 months before harvest (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 480 kg/ha, MAPE = 7.52%). The framework of yield forecast established in this research can be applied to other crop varieties and regions and provide stakeholders with sufficiently accurate yield predictions.
Mechanical sensitivity changes in pericranial muscles after local anesthesia and experimentally induced pain in the temporalis tendon: Implications for headache and facial pain
Authors: Yang Shuting , Exposto Fernando G , Mahmoodi Sadaf , Svensson Peter 
Published: April 2022

Objectives To assess changes in mechanical sensitivity of the pericranial muscles in healthy individuals after a local anesthetic block of the temporalis tendon. In addition, to assess, if experimentally induced temporalis tendon pain, can lead to an increase in mechanical sensitivity of the pericranial muscles and reports of headache. Methods 40 healthy participants were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, controlled experiment, and were randomly injected with mepivacaine and isotonic saline into the dominant-side temporalis tendon in two different sessions, and either nerve growth factor (n = 20) or isotonic saline (n = 20) in a third session. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed in the temporalis, masseter, and trapezius muscles as well as in the temporalis tendon, on the dominant side, before and 10 minutes after each injection, and in a fourth session two days after the third session. Pain drawings and headache diaries were kept for 30 days after the final session to register any developing pain or headache. Results Mepivacaine injection into the temporalis tendon caused a significant decrease in mechanical sensitivity in the temporal tendon (−54.5%) and the masseter (−15.4%) muscle (P < 0.05) but not the temporalis (−12.1%) and trapezius muscles (−12.7%) (P > 0.05). Nerve growth factor injection into the temporalis tendon caused a significant increase in mechanical sensitivity in the tendon (+15.4%) and masseter muscle (+14.4%) (P < 0.05) but not the temporalis (+2.8%) or trapezius muscles (+3.1%) (P > 0.05). A significant increase was found for headache frequency in the first seven days (P < 0.05) after nerve growth factor injection compared to after isotonic saline injection, but not intensity (P > 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of temporalis tendon anesthetic injections on facial pain and headaches are most likely not only due to a direct effect of the local anesthetic on the temporalis tendon but rather to a more generalized block of the nerves in the area. In addition, the temporal tendon may contribute to the pathophysiological processes of headache.
Home-Grown School Feeding: Implementation Lessons From a Pilot in a Poor Ethnic Minority Community in Vietnam
Authors: Di Prima Sabina , Nguyen Dinh Dai , Reurings Demi D. , Wright E. Pamela , Essink Dirk , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Undernutrition threatens the health and future of preschool children in disadvantaged remote communities. Home-grown school feeding (HGSF) in nursery schools could positively impact children’s nutrition while creating multiple benefits for the whole community. However, evidence is lacking on implementation of HGSF within multi-sectoral programs in remote areas. Objective: This study assessed an HGSF pilot intervention, part of a nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) program, in a mountain ethnic minority community in Vietnam. It aimed to identify the changes brought about by the intervention, in particular diversity of children’s food, food sources, barriers and facilitators to change, and future challenges and strategies. Methods: Mixed-methods assessment covered school meal diversity, cost, and food sources but the key focus was on observed changes resulting from the HGSF intervention and perceived barriers and facilitators to its implementation. Data were collected mainly through semi-structured interviews (n = 30) and seven focus group discussions (n = 76). Results: School meals contributed to increasing diversity of food consumed by children. Above 30% of foods used were home-grown. Respondents reported increased school attendance; children’s food preferences and hygiene practices improved as did parents’ caring and feeding practices. Local food systems became less cash-crop-oriented and more self-reliant, contributing to household food security and income generation. Social capital increased. Positive changes were attributed to HGSF and synergy among NSA program components. Poverty and limited resilience to external shocks threatened sustainability. Conclusions: Implementing HGSF within an NSA program in a mountainous ethnic minority area with a high prevalence of undernutrition benefitted children and their communities.
Impact of combined usage of questionnaire forms with bladder diary for overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Sonbahar Adil Emrah , Durmaz Kalender , Culha Mehmet Gokhan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Bladder diary and questionnaire forms have an important role in the diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and can predict response to OAB treatment. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between three different validated Turkish OAB questionnaires and bladder diary form. Methods: Patients aged over 18 years who admitted to the urology outpatient clinic with OAB symptoms between March 2019 and April 2020 were enrolled into the study. Demographic data of the patients were recorded, and they were asked to complete a 3-days bladder diary. In addition, the patients filled Turkish validated OAB version-8 (OABv8), the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and OAB Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire. The relationship between these questionnaire forms and bladder diary was evaluated with statistical analysis. The significant p was p < 0.05. Results: A total of 592 patients were included in the study. The mean total points of the questionnaire forms were 22.07 ± 8.34 (0–38) for OABv8, 10.78 ± 7.21 (0–21) for ICIQ-SF, and 9.36 ± 3.53 (0–15) for OABSS, respectively. There was a positive poor correlation between OABv8 questionnaire form and nocturia ( r = 0.287, p = 0.013). There was a positive moderate correlation between OABSS and the number of micturition ( r = 0.405, p = 0.03) and nocturia ( r = 0.508, p = 0.036), and the urgency incontinence was negatively moderate correlations ( r = −0.525, p = 0.041). Conclusion: Both questionnaire forms and bladder diaries are important in the evaluation of OAB patients. According to our results the bladder diary and OABSS questionnaire forms were interrelated.
Application of neural networks for the prediction of railway bearing failures
Authors: Garrido Martínez-Llop Pablo , Sanz Bobi Juan de Dios , Huera Plaza Alberto 
Published: April 2022

Bearing overheating and anomalous accelerations are two principal failure modes for this safety component. The supervision of bearing’s behaviour is essential to ensure a safe and reliable operation. A safety component’s failure may cause a speed limitation or even a non-available train for operating, so a predictive maintenance for bearings and other critical components is mandatory for the manufacturers, operators and maintainers in the railway sector. Bearing temperature, exterior temperature, train speed and other variables are measured every second in real time. From all the data collected and stored in the last years some algorithms and models are designed and trained in this paper to detect bearing anomalies 2 days before a real failure is detected and the safety alarm is enabled. The methodology for obtaining the optimal algorithm is exposed. Different artificial neural networks based on different optimization models such as the Mini-batch Gradient Descent (MGD) or Adam optimizer are compared. A final neural network with 10 hidden layers to detect bearing failure is proposed reaching 99% of accuracy, 95% of precision and 90% of sensitivity. The objective of predicting a bearing anomaly with some days in advanced is reached with high precision level, which will lead also to cost savings and a contribution for the sustainability because many inspections could be reduced and the energy cost associated to them.
A review on cybersecurity in railways
Authors: Kour Ravdeep , Patwardhan Amit , Thaduri Adithya , Karim Ramin 
Published: April 2022

Digitalisation is transforming the railway globally. One of the major considerations in digital transformation of any industry including the railway is the increased exposure to cyberattacks. The railway industry is vulnerable to these attacks because since the number of digital items and also number of interfaces between digital and physical components in the railway systems keep increasing. Increased number of items and interfaces require new frameworks, concepts and architectures to ensure the railway system’s resilience with respect to cybersecurity challenges, such as lack of proactiveness, lack of holistic perspective and obsolescence of safety systems exposed to current and future cyber threats landscape. To this date, there are several works carried out in the literature that studied the cybersecurity aspects and its application on railway infrastructure. However, to develop and implement an appropriate roadmap to cybersecurity in railways, there is a need of describing emerging challenges, and approaches to deal with these challenges and the possibilities and benefits of these. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review and outline cybersecurity emerging trends and approaches, and also to identify possible solutions by querying literature, academic and industrial, for future directions. The authors of this paper conducted separate searches through four popular databases, that is, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE explore. For the screening process, authors have used keywords with Boolean operators and database filters and identified 90 articles most relevant to the study domain. The analysis of 90 articles shows that majority of the cybersecurity studies lies within the railways are conceptual and lags in application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based security. Like other industries, it is very important that railways should also follow latest security technologies, trends and train their workforce for cyber hygiene since railways are already in digitalization transition mode.
Obstruction of infrared signature with cold gases
Authors: Bas Onur 
Published: April 2022

The idea of infrared signature reduction by injecting cold gas between the source and observer has been investigated. Statistical narrow band coefficients of ethylene have been generated from HITRAN spectroscopic database and proposed to attenuate radiation on the 8–14 μm spectral region whereas CO2 is employed for 3–5 μm wavelength band suppression. Dilution of ethylene with CO2 also suppresses the flammability and guarantees safe operation. Several 1-D test cases are solved to validate the developed solver, and the proposed method is tested on 1-D and 3-D problems. The results satisfactorily show that a significant and safe radiance reduction can be achieved with cold CO2 diluted ethylene injection between the exhaust and observer on the whole spectrum.
Factors Associated With Advance Care Planning by Race
Authors: Fennell Gillian , Hoe Deborah , Zelinski Elizabeth , Enguídanos Susan 
Published: April 2022

Objective This study aims to quantify and interpret Black-White differences in the factors associated with advance care planning (ACP), with specific attention to self-reported presence of chronic conditions and healthcare stereotype threat (HCST) in medical settings. Method Black and White individuals aged 50 and older (N = 499) were recruited from community centers and assisted living facilities in southern California and on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Six sequential logistic regressions assessed the effect of age, presence of chronic conditions, income, and HCST on predicting 3 components of ACP by race. Results Findings suggest that the awareness of ongoing chronic conditions predicts all 3 aspects of ACP for Whites, but not for Blacks. HCST positively predicts the appointment of a durable power of attorney, but only for Black respondents. Discussion These findings offer a novel perspective on racial disparities in ACP that may inform health care providers and community practices.
Occlusal Evaluation Using Modified Huddart and Bodenham Scoring System Following 2-Stage Palatoplasty With Hotz Plate: A Comparison Among 3 Different Surgical Protocols
Authors: Estacio Salazar Andrea Rei , Kodama Yasumitsu , Yuki Ryutaro , Ominato Rei , Nagai Takahiro , Watanabe Momoko , Yamada Akane , Kobayashi Ryota , Ichikawa Kaya , Nihara Jun , Iida Akihiko , Ono Kazuhiro , Saito Isao , Takagi Ritsuo 
Published: April 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine if the change in technique of soft palate closure or timing of hard palatal repair induced occlusal changes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Design Retrospective study. Settings A medical and dental hospital in Japan. Subjects A total of 96 patients with CUCLP treated with 2-stage palatoplasty were included in the study and categorized into 3 groups (G1, G2, and G3) according to the protocol used. Interventions G1 underwent soft palate repair using Perko method at 1.5 years of age and hard palate repair using vomer flap procedure at 5.5 years of age. Furlow method was used for soft palate repair in G2 at 1.5 years of age and hard palate repair using vomer flap procedure at 5.5 years of age. The Furlow method was used to repair the soft palate in G3 at 1.5 years of age and vomer flap procedure was used to repair the hard palate at 4 years of age. Main Outcome Measures Two evaluators assessed the dental arch relationship using the modified Huddart/Bodenham (mHB) index on 2 separate occasions. Results Intra- (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.962) and inter-examiner (ICC: 0.950) reliability showed very good agreement. The frequency of crossbite present in the major and minor segments gradually decreased with each change in protocol. Mean segmental scores showed no significant difference between 3 protocols ( P > .05). Good inter-arch alignment occurred with all 3 surgical protocols (G1:82.6%, G2:89.8%, and G3:91.7%). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the dental arch relationship outcomes between the 3 surgical protocols. The dentition status was comparable with all surgical protocols, even after the changes.
Orthodontic Treatment of Patients With Clefts: Satisfaction and Psychological Aspects
Authors: Forer Olga , Cohen Erica , Ben-Bassat Yocheved , Zini Avraham , Shalish Miriam 
Published: April 2022

To assess parents’ satisfaction with cleft child's facial appearance and function; compare these findings with orthodontist (expert) satisfaction and evaluate influence of various factors on satisfaction. Cross-sectional study. Sixty-three parents of non-syndromic patients with clefts (ages 7-20 years), and an orthodontist, completed the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire. Two scores were produced: cleft-associated, and non-cleft-associated features. Additional open questions were presented to the parents. Both parents and orthodontist gave high satisfaction scores (mean: 8.4 & 8.2, respectively), significantly correlated, for the cleft-associated features ( P < .001). Parents were least satisfied with appearance of teeth, then nose, then lips. Scores did not vary significantly with age and sex of patients. Higher parents’ satisfaction was found in the unilateral cleft lip + alveolus (UCL + alveolus) group, compared with the unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), regarding cleft-associated features, and compared with cleft palate (CP), regarding non-cleft-associated features ( P < .05). Greater parents and orthodontist satisfaction were found when parents’ education was >12 years. Parents of Jewish ethnicity showed higher satisfaction, compared with parents of non-Jewish ethnicity. Patients requiring future surgery received lower scores. Parents satisfaction was directly correlated to socioeconomic status. The following factors appear to lower parents’ satisfaction: [1] cleft severity, [2] hearing or speech of CP/BCLP patients, [3] requirement for further surgery, and [4] low socioeconomic status. Severe cases may require additional explanation to parents in order to lower expectations. A more thorough explanation may be required in patients of lower socioeconomic status.
Closure-related complications after median sternotomy in cats: 26 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: Hennet Julie , Pilot Mariette A , Anderson Davina M , Rossanese Matteo , Chrysopoulos Angelos , de la Puerta Benito , Mullins Ronan A , Chanoit Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine closure-related complications and outcome after median sternotomy (MS) in cats. Methods This was a retrospective, multicentric study. The medical records of cats undergoing MS from six referral hospitals were reviewed (2010–2020). Data retrieved included signalment, history, presenting complaints, surgery, patient outcomes and complications. Follow-up was performed via patient records and email/telephone contact with both owners and referring veterinarians. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results Data on 36 cats were collected; four were excluded due to insufficient follow-up and six died less than 5 days after surgery. Twenty-six cats survived to discharge (survival rate 81%). Three cats had a full sternotomy (FS) performed and 23 cats a partial sternotomy (PS). Of the cats that underwent a PS, six included the manubrium (PSM) and three included the xyphoid process. For 14 cats, the length of sternotomy was unknown. Sternotomy closure was performed with suture in all cats. Two cats (7.7%) developed closure-related complications, both after PSM, during the long-term follow-up, one mild, slightly displaced sternal fracture and one severe, sternal dehiscence (without skin wound dehiscence) requiring revision surgery. No seroma, surgical site infection or wound dehiscence occurred. The most common reason for MS was the presence of a thoracic mass (17/26; 65%), with thymoma being the most common (11/17; 65%). Conclusions and relevance MS has a low closure-related complication risk in cats when compared with dogs. Complications in cats present differently to what has been previously described in dogs.
Artificial intelligence based detection of age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography with unique image preprocessing
Authors: Celebi Ali Riza Cenk , Bulut Erkan , Sezer Aysun 
Published: April 2022

Purpose The aim of the study is to improve the accuracy of age related macular degeneration (AMD) disease in its earlier phases with proposed Capsule Network (CapsNet) architecture trained on speckle noise reduced spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images based on an optimized Bayesian non-local mean (OBNLM) filter augmentation techniques. Methods A total of 726 local SD-OCT images were collected and labelled as 159 drusen, 145 dry AMD, 156 wet AMD and 266 normal. Region of interest (ROI) was identified. Speckle noise in SD-OCT images were reduced based on OBNLM filter. The processed images were fed to proposed CapsNet architecture to clasify SD-OCT images. Accuracy rates were calculated in both public and local dataset. Results Accuracy rate of local SD-OCT image dataset classification was achieved to a value of 96.39% after performing data augmentation and speckle noise reduction with OBNLM. The performance of proposed CapsNet was also evaluated on the public Kaggle dataset under the same processing procedures and the accuracy rate was calculated as 98.07%. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 96.72% and 99.98%, respectively. Conclusions The classification success of proposed CapsNet may be improved with robust pre-processing steps like; determination of ROI and denoised SD-OCT images based on OBNLM. These impactful image preprocessing steps yielded higher accuracy rates for determining different types of AMD including its precursor lesion on the both local and public dataset with proposed CapsNet architecture.
Metastatic spondylodiscitis in central venous catheter related bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients: Risk factors and prognosis
Authors: Yildirim Saliha , Yilmaz Beyza , Yilmaz Eren , Derici Ulver Boztepe 
Published: April 2022

Background: Infection is one of the most common causes of death in hemodialysis patients. Catheter infections are among the most common infections in this patient group. Spondylodiscitis which has a high incidence in ESRD is more commonly encountered in patients with CVCs compared to AVF. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of spondylodiscitis in catheter-related bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In total, 1620 patients were screened and 42 male and 35 female patients with central catheter infection with a mean age of 65.8 ± 14.9 years were included in this study. Patients with metastatic infections secondary to CVC related bloodstream infections were determined. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was based on clinical information, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and vertebral cultures. Results: Metastatic infection due to catheter infection was observed in 15 patients (19.5%). In the regression analysis, CRP level and RRT time were found to be significantly correlated with the development of metastatic infection. Spondylodiscitis was the most common subtype of metastatic infections (8/15). The presence of lumbar hernia was associated with increased risk of metastatic spondylodiscitis in case of catheter infection in hemodialysis patients. The only factor associated with resistance to medical treatment was the time from admission to diagnosis. Conclusion: Patients with long RRT time and high blood CRP levels on admission should be closely monitored for metastatic infection in patients with CVC related bloodstream infections. Screening for spondylodiscitis with CT or MRI should be performed in patients with symptoms, since early diagnosis may prevent the development of possible neurological deficits and treatment resistance.