bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuating Effect of an Extract of Cd-Hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum on the Growth and Physio-chemical Changes of Datura innoxia Under Cd Stress
Authors: Abeed Amany H. A. , Salama Fawzy M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The use of plant extracts obtained from plants that are highly tolerant to heavy metal toxicity has been beneficial in improving the growth of plants grown under metal toxicity conditions. A lab experiment was performed to elucidate the alleviating role of foliar applied cadmium (Cd)-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) extract on Datura innoxia (D. innoxia) plants grown under Cd stress (0, 50, and 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil).

Methods
Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, osmo-metabolic compounds, reduced glutathione and phytochelatins content, oxidative damage, and lignin content and its related enzyme (cell wall-bound peroxidase, POX) were determined.

Results
Apart from the foliar application response of S. nigrum leaf extract (SNE) in either Cd exposed or non-Cd exposed plants, growth parameters of D. innoxia plant grown under both Cd concentrations (50 and 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil) in terms of root and shoot fresh, dry weight, length, and leaf area were noticeably diminished by 29 and 51%, 29 and 54%, 35 and 70%, 40 and 53%, 30 and 69%, 40 and 60%, and 11 and 23%, respectively, compared with untreated control plants. Foliar delivered SNE secured the photosynthetic pigment, free amino acids, soluble proteins, and soluble sugar content. Additionally, it lessened the adverse effects of Cd stress on D. innoxia plants by curtailing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 28 and 27%, and 21 and 23%, respectively, compared with the plants subjected to 50 and 100 mg Cd kg-1 only. The findings herein indicated that the plant water extract and their interactions in the investigated Cd rates significantly augmented phenolics, alkaloids, reduced glutathione and phytochelatins content. Cell wall stiffening in D. innoxia indicated that lignin content and POX were significantly higher in plants exposed to 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil displaying increase values of 275 and 300%, respectively, against non-Cd treated control. The magnitude of increment imposed by Cd stress was lessened by using SNE that reflects on adequate cell growth advocated by limited lignification, in terms of lignin content, and downregulated POX activity. Owing to SNE application, root and leaves Cd contents were efficiently reduced reflecting apparent plant liveliness compared with the SNE non-treated Cd-stressed plants.

Conclusions
The outcomes of this study designate that foliar application of the Cd-hyperaccumulator S. nigrum leaf extract can be counted as an unconventional and innovative approach in the alleviation of Cd stress and can be employed as integrated practice when Cd-contaminated regions were exploited for sustainable agriculture of the multipurpose plants.
Petrology and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of Mosonik: a polygenetic phonolitic nephelinite–phonolite volcano located in the North Tanzanian Divergence of the East African Rift
Authors: Mitchell Roger H. , Dawson J. Barry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMosonik, a 3.25 Ma extensively dissected stratovolcano located in the North Tanzanian Divergence of the East African Rift, consists predominantly of phonolite and three types of phonolitic nephelinite distinguished by the presence or absence of amphibole or garnet antecrysts and differing populations of complexly zoned antecrystal and phenocrystal pyroxenes. The antecryst–phenocryst assemblage is typical of hybrid lavas derived by magma mixing. Compositional data are given for all major minerals. Owing to the high modal proportions (30–60 vol. %) of antecrysts and phenocrysts of pyroxene and nepheline plus the hybrid character of the lavas, bulk-rock compositions do not represent those of the parental liquids. Thus, assimilation–fractional crystallization modelling of the bulk-rock major- and trace-element abundances is inappropriate and an unevolved parental magma cannot as yet be defined. Sr–Nd isotopic data for Mosonik and other Older Extrusive Series rocks suggest derivation by partial melting of ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle with mixing of Sr and Nd from two sources coupled with minor lower crustal contamination, melting being induced by the plume currently impinging on the Tanzanian craton, and representing the initial interaction of the plume with the cratonic lithosphere. In contrast, the Younger Extrusives, as exemplified by Oldoinyo Lengai nephelinite–carbonatite volcanism, could be derived from this ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle plus a recent plume-derived asthenospheric component and no contamination by crustal material. The isotopically and genetically distinct Natron–Engaruka melilitites are considered to represent direct adiabatic melting of the Tanzanian plume without lithospheric contributions. Carbonatites and melilite-bearing nephelinites also occur at Mosonik but are not considered in this study as they are only a very minor volumetric component of the volcano.
Labour mobility across the Baltic Sea: Language brokering at a blue-collar workplace in Sweden
Authors: Söderlundh Hedda , Keevallik Leelo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this case study we investigate the role of transnational networks and language brokering in labour migration within the European Union. By describing the working days of Estonians hired by a city maintenance company in Sweden, we demonstrate how language skills and network ties of a manager enable work migration in the local context. Most of the recruited workers belong to the manager's circle of family and friends. The manager is thus both capitalising on his social relationships and reinforcing a social support network in the receiving country for the individuals involved. The article promotes our understanding of the interface between migration, multilingualism, and language brokering in the understudied blue-collar workplaces and dissects the social and economic values of linguistic resources in work migration across the Baltic Sea. The data consist of ethnographic observations of daily work routines, video recordings of interaction, and interviews. (Labour migration, multilingualism, manual work, language broker)*
Economic burden attributable to healthcare-associated infections in tertiary public hospitals of Central China: a multi-centre case-control study
Authors: Li Peng , Li Yan , Zhang Youjian , Bao Junzhe , Yuan Ruixia , Lan Hongwen , Sun Mingjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and cost, which vary widely by region and hospital. In this case-control study, we calculated losses attributable to HAI in central China. A total of 2976 patients in 10 hospitals were enrolled, and the incidence rate of HAI (range, 0.88–4.15%) was significantly, but negatively associated with the cost per 1000 beds of its prevention (range, $24 929.76–$53 146.41; r = −0.76). The per capita economic loss attributable to HAIs was $2047.07 (interquartile range, $327.63–$6429.17), mainly from the pharmaceutical cost (median, $1044.39). The HAIs, which occurred in patients with commercial medical insurance, affected the haematologic system and caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, contributed most to the losses (median, $3881.55, $4734.20 and $9882.75, respectively). Furthermore, the economic losses attributable to device-associated infections and hospital-acquired multi-drug resistant bacteria were two to four times those of the controls. The burden attributable to HAI is heavy, and opportunities for easing this burden exist in several areas, including that strengthening antibiotic stewardship and practicing effective bundle of HAI prevention for patients carrying high-risk factors, for example, elders or those with catheterisations in healthcare institutions, and accelerating the medical insurance payment system reform based on diagnosis-related groups by policy-making departments.
The related factors of new HIV infection among older men in Sichuan, China: a case–control study
Authors: Yuan Feng-shun , Liu Li , Su Ling , Zeng Ya-li , Liang Shu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been widely prevalent among older men (aged ≥50 years old) in Sichuan Province. The study aimed to discover associated factors with the new HIV infection in older men, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this group. A cross-sectional survey study of newly reported HIV/AIDS and general male residents aged 50 years and older was conducted between April and June 2019, with a resample of respondents to identify cases and controls, followed by a case–control study. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the association between the selected factors and new HIV infection among older men. At last, 242 cases and 968 controls were included. The results of multiple logistic regression suggested that many factors including living alone/concentrated (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20–2.04, P = 0.001), have a history of migrant worker (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.61–2.73, P < 0.001), have commercial sexual behaviour (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.32–2.22, P < 0.001), married (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37–0.64, P < 0.001), have a history of HIV antibody testing (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96, P = 0.026), HIV-related knowledge (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42–0.72, P < 0.001) were associated with new HIV infection among older men. The present study revealed some potential risky/protective factors altogether. The results highlighted the direction of HIV/AIDS prevention and control among older men, and it is a social issue that requires the joint participation of the whole society.
Avoiding catastrophic collapse in small-scale fisheries through inefficient cooperation: evidence from a framed field experiment
Authors: Lindahl Therese , Jarungrattanapong Rawadee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall-scale fisheries (SSFs) are significant for poverty alleviation, but are threatened by over-exploitation and climate change effects such as drastic drops in regrowth rates. How will fishers adapt? To shed light on this, we ran a common-pool resource experiment with SSF fishers in Thailand. Our results show that groups confronted with a potential abrupt drop in the regrowth rate are more likely to form cooperative agreements compared to groups not confronted with such a drop, which theory cannot predict. However, groups that form cooperative agreements do not necessarily manage the resource efficiently; many groups under-exploit. Over-exploitation is driven by individual characteristics, e.g., if individuals can diversify income, and if they are born outside the village. We conclude that more systematic exploration of the role of socio-economic factors, and how these factors interact with ecological conditions facing fishers, are needed. Our work can be seen as one step in this direction.
Non-enzymatic heparanase enhances gastric tumor proliferation via TFEB-dependent autophagy
Authors: Yang Min , Tang Bo , Wang Sumin , Tang Li , Wen Dalin , Vlodavsky Israel , Yang Shi-Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeparanase (HPA) is the predominant enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate and plays a critical role in a variety of pathophysiological processes. HPA activity has been traditionally correlated with tumor metastasis due to participation in the cleavage and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Apart from its well-characterized catalytic properties, HPA was noticed to exert biological functions not rely on its enzymatic activity. This feature is supported by studies showing induction of signaling events, such as Src and AKT, by nonenzymatic HPA mutant. We provide evidence here that active HPA and inactive HPA mutant proteins enhance gastric cancer cell growth, possibly attributed to TFEB-mediated autophagy. Similarly, HPA gene silencing resulted in decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation and autophagy. Besides, TFEB inhibition reduced cell growth and autophagy induced by nonenzymatic HPA. Notably, HPA and TFEB were significantly elevated in gastric carcinomas compared with the adjacent gastric tissue. Moreover, the elevation of HPA gene expression and upregulation of TFEB levels have been associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of gastric cancer, providing strong clinical support for a connection between TFEB and HPA. Thus, neutralizing the nonenzymatic function of HPA and the related TFEB-driven autophagy may profoundly impact gastric cancer progression.
PKR and TLR3 trigger distinct signals that coordinate the induction of antiviral apoptosis
Authors: Zuo Wenjie , Wakimoto Mai , Kozaiwa Noriyasu , Shirasaka Yutaro , Oh Seong-Wook , Fujiwara Shiori , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kogure Amane , Kato Hiroki , Fujita Takashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), protein kinase R (PKR), and endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) sense viral non-self RNA and are involved in cell fate determination. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular RNA induces apoptosis, particularly the role of each RNA sensor, remain unclear. We performed cytoplasmic injections of different types of RNA and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying viral dsRNA-induced apoptosis. The results obtained revealed that short 5′-triphosphate dsRNA, the sole ligand of RIG-I, induced slow apoptosis in a fraction of cells depending on IRF-3 transcriptional activity and IFN-I production. However, intracellular long dsRNA was sensed by PKR and TLR3, which activate distinct signals, and synergistically induced rapid apoptosis. PKR essentially induced translational arrest, resulting in reduced levels of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein and functioned in the TLR3/TRIF-dependent activation of caspase 8. The present results demonstrated that PKR and TLR3 were both essential for inducing the viral RNA-mediated apoptosis of infected cells and the arrest of viral production.
Spidroin N-terminal domain forms amyloid-like fibril based hydrogels and provides a protein immobilization platform
Authors: Arndt Tina , Jaudzems Kristaps , Shilkova Olga , Francis Juanita , Johansson Mathias , Laity Peter R. , Sahin Cagla , Chatterjee Urmimala , Kronqvist Nina , Barajas-Ledesma Edgar , Kumar Rakesh , Chen Gefei , Strömberg Roger , Abelein Axel , Langton Maud , Landreh Michael , Barth Andreas , Holland Chris , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) have multiple potential applications in development of novel biomaterials, but their multimodal and aggregation-prone nature have complicated production and straightforward applications. Here, we report that recombinant miniature spidroins, and importantly also the N-terminal domain (NT) on its own, rapidly form self-supporting and transparent hydrogels at 37 °C. The gelation is caused by NT α-helix to β-sheet conversion and formation of amyloid-like fibrils, and fusion proteins composed of NT and green fluorescent protein or purine nucleoside phosphorylase form hydrogels with intact functions of the fusion moieties. Our findings demonstrate that recombinant NT and fusion proteins give high expression yields and bestow attractive properties to hydrogels, e.g., transparency, cross-linker free gelation and straightforward immobilization of active proteins at high density.
The origin of jerky dislocation motion in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Utt Daniel , Lee Subin , Xing Yaolong , Jeong Hyejin , Stukowski Alexander , Oh Sang Ho , Dehm Gerhard , Albe Karsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDislocations in single-phase concentrated random alloys, including high-entropy alloys (HEAs), repeatedly encounter pinning during glide, resulting in jerky dislocation motion. While solute-dislocation interaction is well understood in conventional alloys, the origin of individual pinning points in concentrated random alloys is a matter of debate. In this work, we investigate the origin of dislocation pinning in the CoCrFeMnNi HEA. In-situ transmission electron microscopy studies reveal wavy dislocation lines and a jagged glide motion under external loading, even though no segregation or clustering is found around Shockley partial dislocations. Atomistic simulations reproduce the jerky dislocation motion and link the repeated pinning to local fluctuations in the Peierls friction. We demonstrate that the density of high local Peierls friction is proportional to the critical stress required for dislocation glide and the dislocation mobility.
Secure human action recognition by encrypted neural network inference
Authors: Kim Miran , Jiang Xiaoqian , Lauter Kristin , Ismayilzada Elkhan , Shams Shayan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdvanced computer vision technology can provide near real-time home monitoring to support “aging in place” by detecting falls and symptoms related to seizures and stroke. Affordable webcams, together with cloud computing services (to run machine learning algorithms), can potentially bring significant social benefits. However, it has not been deployed in practice because of privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a strategy that uses homomorphic encryption to resolve this dilemma, which guarantees information confidentiality while retaining action detection. Our protocol for secure inference can distinguish falls from activities of daily living with 86.21% sensitivity and 99.14% specificity, with an average inference latency of 1.2 seconds and 2.4 seconds on real-world test datasets using small and large neural nets, respectively. We show that our method enables a 613x speedup over the latency-optimized LoLa and achieves an average of 3.1x throughput increase in secure inference compared to the throughput-optimized nGraph-HE2.
Piperazine-derived lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to immune cells in vivo
Authors: Ni Huanzhen , Hatit Marine Z. C. , Zhao Kun , Loughrey David , Lokugamage Melissa P. , Peck Hannah E. , Cid Ada Del , Muralidharan Abinaya , Kim YongTae , Santangelo Philip J. , Dahlman James E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn humans, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have safely delivered therapeutic RNA to hepatocytes after systemic administration and to antigen-presenting cells after intramuscular injection. However, systemic RNA delivery to non-hepatocytes remains challenging, especially without targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, or aptamers. Here we report that piperazine-containing ionizable lipids (Pi-Lipids) preferentially deliver mRNA to immune cells in vivo without targeting ligands. After synthesizing and characterizing Pi-Lipids, we use high-throughput DNA barcoding to quantify how 65 chemically distinct LNPs functionally delivered mRNA (i.e., mRNA translated into functional, gene-editing protein) in 14 cell types directly in vivo. By analyzing the relationships between lipid structure and cellular targeting, we identify lipid traits that increase delivery in vivo. In addition, we characterize Pi-A10, an LNP that preferentially delivers mRNA to the liver and splenic immune cells at the clinically relevant dose of 0.3 mg/kg. These data demonstrate that high-throughput in vivo studies can identify nanoparticles with natural non-hepatocyte tropism and support the hypothesis that lipids with bioactive small-molecule motifs can deliver mRNA in vivo.
Strigolactones are chemoattractants for host tropism in Orobanchaceae parasitic plants
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Cui Songkui , White Alexandra R. F. , Nelson David C. , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParasitic plants are worldwide threats that damage major agricultural crops. To initiate infection, parasitic plants have developed the ability to locate hosts and grow towards them. This ability, called host tropism, is critical for parasite survival, but its underlying mechanism remains mostly unresolved. To characterise host tropism, we used the model facultative root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum, a member of the Orobanchaceae. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) function as host-derived chemoattractants. Chemotropism to SLs is also found in Striga hermonthica, a parasitic member of the Orobanchaceae, but not in non-parasites. Intriguingly, chemotropism to SLs in P. japonicum is attenuated in ammonium ion-rich conditions, where SLs are perceived, but the resulting asymmetrical accumulation of the auxin transporter PIN2 is diminished. P. japonicum encodes putative receptors that sense exogenous SLs, whereas expression of a dominant-negative form reduces its chemotropic ability. We propose a function for SLs as navigators for parasite roots.
Efficient separation of butane isomers via ZIF-8 slurry on laboratory- and pilot-scale
Authors: Yang Mingke , Wang Huishan , Zuo Julian Y. , Deng Chun , Liu Bei , Chai Liya , Li Kun , Xiao Han , Xiao Peng , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Wan , Peng Xiaowan , Han Yu , Huang Zixuan , Dong Baocan , Sun Changyu , Chen Guangjin 
Published: August 2022

Abstractn-butane and isobutane are important petrochemical raw materials. Their separation is challenging because of their similar properties, including boiling point. Here, we report a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU)-water slurry as sorption material to separate butane mixtures. The isobutane/n-butane selectivity of ZIF-8/DMPU-water slurries is as high as 890 with high kinetic performance, which transcends the upper limit of various separation materials or membranes reported in the literature. More encouragingly, a continuous pilot separation device was established, and the test results show that the purity and recovery ratio of isobutane product are 99.46 mol% and 87%, respectively, which are superior to the corresponding performance (98.56 mol% and 54%) of the industrial distillation tower. To the best of our knowledge, the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas separation in pilot scale remains underexplored, and thus this work provides a step forward to the commercial application of MOFs in gas separation.
Chalcogen bond-guided conformational isomerization enables catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution of sulfoxides
Authors: Liu Jianjian , Zhou Mali , Deng Rui , Zheng Pengcheng , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConformational isomerization can be guided by weak interactions such as chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions. Here we report a catalytic strategy for asymmetric access to chiral sulfoxides by employing conformational isomerization and chalcogen bonding interactions. The reaction involves a sulfoxide bearing two aldehyde moieties as the substrate that, according to structural analysis and DFT calculations, exists as a racemic mixture due to the presence of an intramolecular chalcogen bond. This chalcogen bond formed between aldehyde (oxygen atom) and sulfoxide (sulfur atom), induces a conformational locking effect, thus making the symmetric sulfoxide as a racemate. In the presence of N–heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as catalyst, the aldehyde moiety activated by the chalcogen bond selectively reacts with an alcohol to afford the corresponding chiral sulfoxide products with excellent optical purities. This reaction involves a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process enabled by conformational locking and facile isomerization by chalcogen bonding interactions.