bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of nonlinear time‐varying systems using wavelet neural networks
Authors: Emami Seyyed Ali , Roudbari Alireza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dynamic model of an aircraft changes significantly by altering the flight speed and the vehicle altitude. Thus, a conventional aircraft has a nonlinear time‐varying dynamic model in different regions of the flight envelope, and a dynamic model developed for a specific operating point is not valid in the entire flight envelope. This paper presents a novel identification approach that can deal with nonlinear and time‐varying characteristics of complex dynamic systems, especially an aerial vehicle in the entire flight envelope. In this regard, a set of local submodels are first developed at different operating points of the system, and subsequently, a multimodel structure is introduced to aggregate the outputs of the local models as a single model. Wavelet Neural Networks (WNNs), which combine both the universal approximation property of neural networks and the wavelet decomposition capability, are used as the local models of the proposed scheme. Also, three different approaches for determining the validity functions of the local models are introduced to allow for identifying the time‐varying dynamics of the system. The simulation results obtained for the Generic Transport Model aircraft suggest that the proposed WNN‐based multimodel structure can be used satisfactorily as the prediction model of model‐based flight control systems for long prediction horizons.
Elastocaloric Kirigami Temperature Modulator
Authors: Hirai Takamasa , Iguchi Ryo , Miura Asuka , Uchida Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe elastocaloric effect, a temperature change induced by the external tensile or compressive strain, is of crucial interest for next‐generation thermal management technologies because of its environmental friendliness and economic benefits. Toward applications of the elastocaloric effect, many efforts have been made to determine highly efficient elastocaloric materials. Here, another way of modulating the elastocaloric temperature change is reported by applying a process inspired by the Japanese art of paper‐cutting, named kirigami. Simply, by stretching elastocaloric materials with kirigami structure, it is demonstrated that focused heat absorption and release can be generated simultaneously owing to nonuniform internal stress by cutting patterns. Owing to the ultrahigh stretchability of kirigami, the input stress required to generate the elastocaloric temperature change is dramatically reduced, resulting in an improvement in the local cooling/heating performance. The concept demonstrated here can be applied to any elastocaloric material and pave the way for constructing versatile solid‐state heat pumps for flexible electronics.
Aggregated carbon dots‐loaded macrophages treat sepsis by eliminating multidrug‐resistant bacteria and attenuating inflammation
Authors: Li Lihua , Chen Lingling , Lu Yao , Li Binglin , Hu Rong , Huang Ling , Zhang Tao , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSepsis, caused by uncontrollable infection and inflammatory response, leads to more than 30 million infected patients and results in high morbidity worldwide every year. Currently, no efficient approaches have been developed for sepsis therapy due to antimicrobial resistance and inflammatory storm. Here, we report macrophages loaded with aggregated carbon dots (ACDs) in the lysosome, termed MCDs, to treat sepsis in immunosuppressive mice. The ACDs are constructed by negative CDs and amine‐abundant polyethyleneimine (PEI), enabling them to bear the strong antibacterial ability and enhanced photoluminescent efficacy. The ACDs are specifically located in the macrophage lysosomes, efficiently enhancing the multidrug‐resistant bacteria‐killing ability of MCDs. More importantly, the MCDs possess superior anti‐inflammatory effects such as reducing the number of pro‐inflammatory (M1) and stimulating anti‐inflammatory (M2) macrophages. These effects upregulate the inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, and IL‐10), ultimately resulting in increased sepsis survival. Our work provides an intelligent approach to overcoming multidrug‐resistant bacteria‐induced infection from sepsis patients and paves a new avenue on employing nanoparticle‐loaded cells for combating inflammation‐related infection.
The relative contributions of adiposity and activity levels to physical performance in children with excess weight
Authors: Appelhans Bradley M. , French Simone A. , Martin Molly A. , Li Michelle , Bradley Lauren , Lui Karen , Janssen Imke , Bleil Maria E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined predictors of physical performance, a key aspect of quality of life, in children with excess weight.MethodsParticipants were 269 children aged 6–12 years with a body mass index above the 85th percentile. Children completed a standardized physical performance task capturing lower extremity strength, balance, and gait speed. Height, weight, and waist circumference were objectively measured, and daily moderate‐vigorous physical activity (min/day) and sedentary time (% of day) were assessed with a 7‐day accelerometer protocol.ResultsPhysical performance task completion averaged 15.0 (SD = 2.5) seconds. Children with higher body mass index z‐scores and waist circumferences had significantly longer task completion times. The task took 1.8 additional seconds per 1.0 body mass index z‐score (p < .001), and 1.2 additional seconds for every 20 cm higher waist circumference (p < .001). Daily moderate‐vigorous physical activity and sedentary time were unrelated to physical performance, and did not moderate its associations with the adiposity measures.ConclusionAmong children with excess weight, physical performance declines with increasing levels of total and central adiposity. Daily activity levels do not moderate this association. Interventions that directly target weight reduction would likely yield the greatest improvement in physical performance in children with overweight or obesity.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Luminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped Vacancy‐Ordered Double Perovskite Cs2ZrCl6 Phosphors via Te4+ Sensitization
Authors: Sun Jinyue , Zheng Wei , Huang Ping , Zhang Meiran , Zhang Wen , Deng Zhonghua , Yu Shaohua , Jin Mengyao , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite‐derivative metal halides have shown great promise in optoelectronics, however, it remains challenging to realize efficient near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence in these materials. Herein, we report a novel strategy based on Te4+/Ln3+ (Ln=Er, Nd, and Yb) co‐doping to achieve efficient NIR luminescence in vacancy‐ordered double perovskite Cs2ZrCl6 phosphors, which are excitable by a low‐cost near‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diode (LED) chip. Through sensitization by the spin‐orbital allowed 1S0→3P1 transition of Te4+, intense and multi‐wavelength NIR luminescence originating from the 4f→4f transitions of Er3+, Nd3+, and Yb3+ was acquired, with a quantum yield of 6.1 % for the Er3+ emission. These findings provide a general approach to achieve efficient NIR emission in lead‐free metal halides through ns2‐metal and lanthanide ion co‐doping, thereby opening up a new avenue for exploring NIR‐emitting perovskite derivatives towards versatile applications such as NIR‐LEDs and bioimaging.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal Hydroamination of Allylic Alcohols: A Remarkable Macrocyclic Ligand Effect
Authors: Li Faju , Long Linhong , He Yan‐Mei , Li Zeyu , Chen Hui , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA unique family of chiral peraza N6‐macrocyclic ligands, which are conformationally rigid and have a tunable saddle‐shaped cavity, is described. Utilizing their manganese(I) complexes, the first example of earth‐abundant transition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric formal anti‐Markovnikov hydroamination of allylic alcohols was realized, providing a practical access to synthetically important chiral γ‐amino alcohols in excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield and 98 % ee). The single‐crystal structure of a MnI complex indicates that the manganese atom coordinates with the chiral dialkylamine moiety in a bidentate fashion. Further DFT calculations revealed that five of the six nitrogen atoms in the ligand were engaged in multiple noncovalent interactions with Mn, an isopropanol molecule, and a β‐amino ketone intermediate via coordination, hydrogen bonding, and/or CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions in the transition state, showing a remarkable role of the macrocyclic framework.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hypercoordinated Silicon Anions: Catching Intermediates of Lewis Base Catalysis
Authors: Ansmann Nils , Hartmann Deborah , Sailer Sonja , Erdmann Philipp , Maskey Rezisha , Schorpp Marcel , Greb Lutz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnionic hypercoordinated silicates with weak donors were proposed as key intermediates in numerous silicon‐based reactions. However, their short‐lived nature rendered even spectroscopic observations highly challenging. Here, we characterize hypercoordinated silicon anions, including the first bromido‐, iodido‐, formato‐, acetato‐, triflato‐ and sulfato‐silicates. This is enabled by a new, donor‐free polymeric form of Lewis superacidic bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane 1. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational insights allow a reassessment of Gutmann's empirical rules for the role of silicon hypercoordination in synthesis and catalysis. The electronic perturbations of 1 exerted on the bound anions indicate pronounced substrate activation.
Basics and applications of optical interferometers integrated by femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Sugioka Koji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotonic chips have been recognized as a promising platform for information technology. On‐chip optical interferometers as fundamental building blocks of photonic chips are under extensive research with both conventional and novel fabrication techniques. Among them, recently, femtosecond laser has been attracting a great deal of attention as a powerful tool for directly writing micro‐optical devices in various materials due to its flexibility and three‐dimensional fabrication capability. This article gives a review on the working principles and recent achievements of on‐chip waveguides and interferometers fabricated by femtosecond laser, showing their potential applications in various scenarios.
New quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one‐derived VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro anticancer evaluations, in silico ADMET, and docking studies
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Sakr Helmy M. , Yousef Reda G. , Mehany Ahmed B. M. , Abulkhair Hamada S. , Eissa Ibrahim. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMore than 70% of cancer patients who are treated with chemotherapeutics do not show a durable response. As part of the global plan seeking new effective chemotherapeutics, here, we report the synthesis and in vitro and computational studies of new lenvatinib and sorafenib analog quinoxalines as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGFR‐2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The central quinolone and pyridine moieties of the Food and Drug Administration‐approved anticancer agents lenvatinib and sorafenib were replaced with the versatile quinoxaline scaffold that has been exploited for developing potent cytotoxic agents. With some minor structural optimizations, all the other pharmacophoric features of lenvatinib and sorafenib were maintained. Accordingly, three new sets of quinoxalines were synthesized to evaluate their activity against liver, colorectal, and breast malignancies. The results obtained in the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation study revealed the superior activity of three derivatives (20, 25, and 29) compared with that of doxorubicin and sorafenib. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling and docking of 20, 25, and 29 into the VEGFR‐2 receptor were also performed. Results of in silico studies showed the potential of the designed compounds to bind effectively with a number of key residues. The obtained in vitro cytotoxic activity and ADMET profiles of compounds 20, 25, and 29 suggested that they should be subjected to further structural optimizations to develop new candidates in cancer treatment protocols.
Fixed‐time synchronization of neural networks with time delay via quantized intermittent control
Authors: Yang Wenqiang , Huang Junjian , Wen Shiping , He Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for fixed‐time synchronization (FIXTS) of neural networks (NNs) by designing quantized intermittent controller. Under the intermittent controller, the synchronization between neural network systems with time delay can be realized. Based on intermittent strategy, FIXTs theory is proposed, and a sufficient condition is established to realize the FIXTS of the master–slave NNs. At the same time, the establishment time of FIXTS is estimated. Finally, the simulation of Gilli attractor to prove the validity of the proposed method.
Genauigkeitsgrenzen modularer Betontragwerke – Teil 1: Beschreibung von geometrischen Abweichungen infolge Schwinden
Authors: Stindt Jan , Frey Alex Maximilian , Forman Patrick , Lanza Gisela , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModulares Bauen bietet gegenüber der Ortbetonbauweise ökonomische Vorteile. Die Module können qualitätsgesichert im Werk vorgefertigt und vor Ort montiert werden. Um eine störungsfreie Montage der Module zu ermöglichen, ist eine Tolerierung erforderlich, die die mehrdimensionale Aggregation von Maßabweichungen der Module in komplexen Tragwerken berücksichtigt. Eindimensionale arithmetische und statistische Methoden sind dafür nur bedingt geeignet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode entwickelt, die modulare Wabenstrukturen mittels direkter Kinematik modelliert und sowohl translatorische als auch rotatorische Lageabweichungen berücksichtigt, die aus Maßabweichungen von Y‐förmigen Modulen infolge Schwindverformungen entstehen. Für ausgewählte Szenarien hinsichtlich Tragwerksgröße und verwendetem Beton werden damit die zur Verbindung der Module notwendigen Lochspiele und Gesamtabweichungen hergeleitet und mit den im Bauwesen gängigen Verfahren des Toleranzmanagements untersucht. Die geometrischen Abweichungen in horizontaler Richtung infolge der Schwinddehnungen unterschiedlicher Betone werden von den normativen Methoden z. T. unterschätzt, da keine Rotationen der Module berücksichtigt werden. Vertikale Abweichungen werden hingegen konservativ abgeschätzt. Die erforderlichen Nennlochspiele steigen mit zunehmender Strukturgröße, sodass Abmessungen von ca. 30 m des klassischen Hochbaus mit normalen Schraubverbindungen Δd ≤ 3 mm assembliert werden können.
Controllable Zeolite AST Crystallization: Between Classical and Reversed Crystal Growth
Authors: Yue Qiudi , Kutukova Kristina , Li Ang , Čejka Jiří , Zschech Ehrenfried , Opanasenko Maksym 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrystal growth mechanisms govern a wide range of properties of crystalline materials. Reversed crystal growth is one of the nonclassical mechanisms observed in many materials. However, the reversed crystallization starting from amorphous aggregates and the key factors driving this growth remain elusive. Here, we describe a characteristic model of reversed crystal growth representing the inner structure and crystallinity development of aggregates studied by microscopy and nano X‐ray computed tomography. By adjusting the synthesis conditions, the fundamental function of the structure‐directing agent, which determines the crystallization pathway, was revealed. As a result, the crystal growth mode can be “switched” from the classical route at a low ratio of SDA/framework elements to reversed growth at a high ratio. Our findings provide further insights into crystal growth control, which is crucial for improving synthesis protocols and designing various forms of crystalline materials.
Frailty and checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in older patients with melanoma
Authors: Bruijnen Cheryl P. , Koldenhof José J. , Verheijden Rik J. , van den Bos Frederiek , Emmelot‐Vonk Mariëlle H. , Witteveen Petronella O. , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P. M. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) that range from mild to life‐threatening. Age itself does not seem to be a predictor for the occurrence of irAEs. It is unknown whether frailty plays a role in the occurrence of irAEs. Therefore, the authors assessed whether irAEs and their sequelae occur more often in frail patients than in fit patients according to the Geriatric 8 (G8) assessment.MethodsPatients with melanoma aged 70 years and older who were about to start ICI therapy and were screened with the G8 assessment were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Patients were classified by the G8 as either fit or frail. The primary outcome was the occurrence of grade ≥3 irAEs.ResultsIn total, 92 patients were included for statistical analyses, 26 (29%) of whom were classified as frail. Grade ≥3 irAEs occurred in 20% of patients. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of grade ≥3 irAEs between fit and frail patients (17% vs 27%; P = .26). Frail patients were admitted to the hospital because of irAEs significantly more often than fit patients (29% vs 54%; P = .02) and showed a trend toward increased length of hospitalization (5 vs 8 days; P = .06) and more frequent use of immunosuppressants or ICI discontinuation for irAEs (36% vs 58%; P = .06).ConclusionsAlthough frailty appears to be unrelated to the occurrence of severe irAEs, it is an indicator of irAE‐related adverse sequelae, such as hospital admission. Screening for frailty can be of added value in the shared decision‐making process for older patients who qualify for ICI treatment.
Effect of Food Intake on Pharmacokinetics of Oral Almonertinib: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Chinese Participants
Authors: Ji Wei , Jiang Yu , Wei Yilin , He Kun , Mu Hongli , Wen Qing , Zhang Xiaoran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) almonertinib (HS‐10296) targets both EGFR‐sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. This randomized, open‐label, two‐period crossover trial investigated the effect of food intake on the single‐dose pharmacokinetic properties of almonertinib and its metabolite HAS‐719. Twenty healthy adults received a single dose of almonertinib tablets (110 mg) on days 1 and 22 under overnight fasting or fed conditions, respectively. Plasma samples were collected 216 hours post‐dosing and almonertinib and HAS‐719 concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. For almonertinib, the geometric mean ratio (GMR, fed/fasting) and 90% confidence interval (CI) for the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to 216 hours and apparent oral clearance (CLz/F) were 119.9 (110.0–130.7) and 83.5 (76.6–90.9), respectively. Fasting and fed groups showed significant differences in these parameters, but not for maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax (Tmax). The Cmax GMR of HAS‐719 was 81.7 (75.8–88.0), which decreased significantly in the fed group. The drug‐related adverse reaction (AR) incidence was similar in the two groups, 50% in the fasting group and 52.6% in the fed group. ARs were mainly gastrointestinal diseases and abnormal laboratory test results, and all participants fully recovered. In conclusion, a high‐fat diet slightly affected the pharmacokinetic profile of almonertinib in healthy participants, but not the safety tolerance. Therefore, almonertinib is suitable for administration under fasting or fed conditions.
Structurally Constrained MUC1‐Tn Mimetic Antigen as Template for Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs): A Promising Tool for Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Palladino Pasquale , Papi Francesco , Minunni Maria , Nativi Cristina , Scarano Simona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbnormal glycoconjugates have distinctly been recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. A great deal of attention has been focused on Tn antigen, an oversimplified mucin‐1 O‐glycan, over‐expressed in different cancers. Herein, we investigate the possibility to replace the use of anti‐Tn monoclonal antibodies with an innovative class of catecholamine‐based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), emerging in recent years as promising tools for bioanalytical applications. MIPs are synthetic receptors characterized by high sensitivity and specificity towards the imprinted target. Here, original polynorepinephrine‐based MIPs coupled to Surface Plasmon Resonance biosensing for Tn antigen recognition are reported. We have verified the imprinting and binding capacity of these MIPs towards very small antigenic entities, represented by the natural Tn antigen and the TnThr mimetic 1 (conjugated to BSA or linked to a MUC1 hexapeptide analogue), and compared the biosensor performances with an anti‐Tn monoclonal antibody. The results clearly display the effectiveness of the pursued imprinting strategies.
Left ventricular reverse remodelling and its predictors in non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hnat Tomas , Veselka Josef , Honek Jakub 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdverse remodelling following an initial insult is the hallmark of heart failure (HF) development and progression. It is manifested as changes in size, shape, and function of the myocardium. While cardiac remodelling may be compensatory in the short term, further neurohumoral activation and haemodynamic overload drive this deleterious process that is associated with impaired prognosis. However, in some patients, the changes may be reversed. Left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR) is characterized as a decrease in chamber volume and normalization of shape associated with improvement in both systolic and diastolic function. LVRR might occur spontaneously or more often in response to therapeutic interventions that either remove the initial stressor or alleviate some of the mechanisms that contribute to further deterioration of the failing heart. Although the process of LVRR in patients with new‐onset HF may take up to 2 years after initiating treatment, there is a significant portion of patients who do not improve despite optimal therapy, which has serious clinical implications when considering treatment escalation towards more aggressive options. On the contrary, in patients that achieve delayed improvement in cardiac function and architecture, waiting might avoid untimely implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation. Therefore, prognostication of successful LVRR based on clinical, imaging, and biomarker predictors is of utmost importance. LVRR has a positive impact on prognosis. However, reverse remodelled hearts continue to have abnormal features. In fact, most of the molecular, cellular, interstitial, and genome expression abnormalities remain and a susceptibility to dysfunction redevelopment under biomechanical stress persists in most patients. Hence, a distinction should be made between reverse remodelling and true myocardial recovery. In this comprehensive review, current evidence on LVRR, its predictors, and implications on prognostication, with a specific focus on HF patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy, as well as on novel drugs, is presented.