bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does social network impact rising out‐of‐pocket health care expenditure in India? A propensity score matching approach
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deepabali , Mohanty Pratap C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe out‐of‐pocket expenditure (OOPE) on health care in India is more than two‐third as per the recent estimates and is catastrophic. Literature identifies different factors, but little attention has been given to social network or social relationships as an essential factor in dealing with OOPE on health care.ObjectivesThis paper targets to find the link or association between social network and OOPE on health care through access to information.MethodsThe paper uses India Human Development Survey (2011–12). Among the standard methods of impact evaluation, the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method is identified as the best fit to explain the role of social network on health care outcomes. Social network is considered as the treatment variable. The independent variables include age, sex, education, place of residence, household expenditure per capita and information index. The paper also applies Principal Component Analysis method to estimate information index with equal weight using variables such as newspapers, mobile phones, and Internet facilities.ResultsPSM result shows that direct social network reduces OOPE on health care by ₹1417 in a year. In balancing test, we see that for each of the covariate, the bias is actually reduced by applying PSM. The Information index has a positive relationship with both direct and indirect social network.ConclusionThe paper suggests policy‐based interventions to enrich the social relationships and spread of information, in order to curtail the rising OOPE on health care in India.
“If we can just dream…” Māori talk about healthcare for bipolar disorder in New Zealand: A qualitative study privileging Indigenous voices on organisational transformation for health equity
Authors: Haitana Tracy , Pitama Suzanne , Cormack Donna , Clark Mau Te Rangimarie , Lacey Cameron 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis paper identifies barriers to equity and proposes changes to improve the organisation of healthcare in New Zealand for Māori with bipolar disorder (BD) and their families.DesignA qualitative Kaupapa Māori methodology was used. Twenty‐four semi‐structured interviews were completed with Māori with BD and members of their family. Structural and descriptive coding was used to organise and analyse the data, including an analytic frame that explored participants' critique of attributes of the organisation of healthcare and alignment with Māori health policy.ResultsTransformation to the organisation of healthcare is needed to achieve health equity. Executive management must lead changes to organisational culture, deliver an equity partnership model with Māori, embed cultural safety and redesign the organisation of healthcare to improve wellbeing. Healthcare incentive structures must diversify, develop and retain a culturally competent health workforce. Information management and technology systems must guide continued whole system improvements.ConclusionThis paper provides recommendations that should be considered in planned reforms to the organisation of healthcare in New Zealand. The challenge remains whether resourcing for an equitable healthcare organisation will be implemented in partial fulfilment of promises of equity in policy.
Framework synthesis to inform the ideation and design of a paper‐based health information system (PHISICC)
Authors: Zuske Meike‐Kathrin , Auer Christian , Oliver Sandy , Eyers John , Bosch‐Capblanch Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth information systems (HIS) are meant to support decision‐making at all levels of the system, including frontline health workers. In field studies in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria, we observed health workers' interactions with the HIS and identified twelve decision‐making components of HIS. The objective of this framework synthesis is to portray these components in HIS research, in order to inform the ideation of a paper‐based HIS intervention (PHISICC).MethodsWe searched studies in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, Epistemonikos, Medline, in‐Process on the Ovid platform, OpenGrey, PDQ Evidence (“pretty darnd quick” Evidence), the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Library and included studies focussing on HIS interventions, data quality, information support tools and data use for decision‐making in the context of the governmental health care sector. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. We synthesised the findings based on the decision‐making components of HIS and thematic areas.ResultsThe search identified 6784 studies; 50 were included. Most of the 50 studies had quality concerns. All studies included at least one of the decision‐making components: the most prominent were the technical aspects of ‘recording’ and ‘reporting’. Data use for decision‐making was much less represented.ConclusionHIS research focuses on the more technical aspects of HIS. Further research on HIS, given the strong push towards HIS digitalisation, should consider putting at the centre the human experience of decision‐making and data use, in order to make HIS relevant for quality of care.
Disquisition of thermophoresis and chemical reaction sketch in viscous stream over a wedge
Authors: Deka Bhaskarjyoti , Choudhury Rita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA computative exploration is engraved on synchronized heat and mass transmission in a stream across a wedge. The problem has been executed for MHD incompressible viscous fluid, which annexes the impact of thermophoresis. The sequels of chemical reactions and energy sources have also been encountered. The resulting equations are transmuted as nondimensional forms and a numerical method is executed to solve the same. The numerical results for velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are illustrated in the form of graphs for various dimensionless parameters affecting the problem. Numerical data are computed for skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for different parameters. The results have been depicted for possible cases by means of pictorial visualizations. The present study has importance in various sectors of industrial and engineering applications.
Mammographic breast density, body mass index and risk of breast cancer in Korean women aged 75 years and older
Authors: Tran Thi Xuan Mai , Kim Soyeoun , Song Huiyeon , Park Boyoung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMammographic breast density and body mass index (BMI) are strong risk factors of breast cancer, but few studies have investigated these factors in older women. Our study assessed the association between breast density, BMI and the breast cancer risk among women aged ≥75 years. We included women who underwent breast cancer screening between 2009 and 2014 and were followed up until 2020. Breast density was measured using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. BMI was classified into three groups: <23, 23 to <25 and ≥25. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of breast density and BMI with breast cancer risk. In 483 564 women, 1885 developed breast cancer. The 5‐year incidence increased with an increase in breast density and BMI. Increase in breast density was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in all BMI categories: among women with BMI <23, those with heterogeneous/extreme density had a 2.98‐fold (95% CI: 2.23‐3.80) increased risk of breast cancer compared to those with entirely fatty breasts. An increase in BMI was associated with increased breast cancer risk in women with the same breast density in all density categories. When the combined associations of breast density and BMI on the risk of breast cancer were considered, women with a BMI ≥25 and heterogeneous/extreme breast density had a 5.35‐fold (95% CI: 4.26‐6.72) increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with a BMI <23 and fatty breasts. Women aged ≥75 years, with dense breasts, regardless of BMI status, might benefit from a tailored screening strategy for early detection of breast cancer.
Programmable van‐der‐Waals heterostructure‐enabled optoelectronic synaptic floating‐gate transistors with ultra‐low energy consumption
Authors: Sun Yilin , Li Mingjie , Ding Yingtao , Wang Huaipeng , Wang Han , Chen Zhiming , Xie Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provide a unique opportunity to develop various electronic and optoelectronic devices with specific functions by designing novel device structures, especially for bioinspired neuromorphic optoelectronic devices, which require the integration of nonvolatile memory and excellent optical responses. Here, we demonstrate a programmable optoelectronic synaptic floating‐gate transistor based on multilayer graphene/h‐BN/MoS2 vdW heterostructures, where both plasticity emulation and modulation were successfully realized in a single device. The dynamic tunneling process of photogenerated carriers through the as‐fabricated vdW heterostructures contributed to a large memory ratio (105) between program and erase states. Our device can work as a functional or silent synapse by applying a program/erase voltage spike as a modulatory signal to determine the response to light stimulation, leading to a programmable operation in optoelectronic synaptic transistors. Moreover, an ultra‐low energy consumption per light spike event (~2.5 fJ) was obtained in the program state owing to a suppressed noise current by program operation in our floating‐gate transistor. This study proposes a feasible strategy to improve the functions of optoelectronic synaptic devices with ultra‐low energy consumption based on vdW heterostructures designed for highly efficient artificial neural networks.image
Adaptive denoising hyperspectral data for visualization enhancement of intraoperative tissue
Authors: Sun Jiuai , Wu Zhonghang , Wang Le , Yao Qi , Li Min , Yao Guangyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe vast amount of reflectance information obtained from the hyperspectral imaging devices offers great opportunities for investigating the function and structure of human tissue. However, the captured hyperspectral data often contain various noises due to the intrinsic imperfection of associated electrical and optical imaging components. This work proposed an automatic total variation algorithm to suppress the noises while preserving the details of the spectral and spatial information. The variation of spectral images at neighboring bands was calculated for regulating the total variation of hyperspectral data so that the spectral‐dependent noises can be treated differentially across all bands. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively remove the spectral noises, especially near the ends of those extreme bands. The noise suppressed hyperspectral data could then be used for the visualization enhancement on pathophysiological conditions of intraoperative observed anatomies such as the vessels of brain tissues.
Child sexual abuse prevention involving mothers: A Quasi‐experimental study with Protection Motivation Theory‐based intervention
Authors: Bhagyalakshmi K. C. , Kumar Aneesh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide problem. The safety of children is everybody's responsibility. Parental and family involvement is crucial in the CSA prevention process. Parental lack of knowledge may increase the risk of abuse among children. Educating parents is crucial as children are mostly dependent on them. The role of mothers in educating children on CSA is of relevance as they are identified as more sensitive and responsible caregivers. The present study aimed to promote knowledge and attitude towards CSA prevention among mothers through a psychoeducation program. A pre‐ and posttest design (n = 67) was used with an intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). A CSA knowledge and attitude scale was developed for the assessment of the participants for the study. There were significant changes in knowledge and attitude among the participants after the intervention. The prevention of CSA will be effective with knowledge gains after the PMT‐based intervention. The intervention programs that involve mothers in CSA education have benefits. The findings of this study can be helpful to incorporate public health approaches to devise evidence‐based parental programs in community settings.
Exploring narrative feedback to undergraduate dental hygiene and dental therapy students
Authors: Louca Chris , Sparrius Martin , Sparrius Sandra K. , Sparrius Otto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe nature and quality of feedback provided during the training of healthcare students have been found to influence the progress of students throughout their clinical practice. The use of electronic systems for feedback is becoming more prevalent; but there appears to be an absence of research into the use of these systems with Dental Hygiene and Dental Therapy students (DHDT). The aim of this study was to explore the written, narrative feedback provided by tutors to undergraduate DHDT students on a 3‐year BSc programme, using Liftupp – an Information Management System that incorporates electronic feedback mechanisms.MethodsThe data comprised written, narrative feedback to DHDT students (n = 96) on clinical performance in academic Years Two and Three entered into Liftupp by five clinical tutors (n = 5) over 2 academic years. These feedback comments were subjected to a thematic analysis and matrix queries using NVivo.ResultsTen major themes were identified. Preliminary findings indicated that the constructive “Descriptive” theme was prominent across all tutors, while other constructive themes: “Directive” and “Positive” were linked more to individual tutors. The less constructive themes were infrequent in tutor feedback. In addition, unique feedback profiles for tutors were generated.ConclusionsThe analysis of narrative feedback from tutors on Liftupp enables the identification of feedback trends that can be reviewed and shared with tutors to improve the quality of their feedback. In addition, this research can be used to inform tutor training to promote the use of meaningful and effective feedback. Potential further research and limitations have been identified.
The effect of sea surface temperature and deforestation on the mid‐summer drought over Mexico and Central America
Authors: Corrales‐Suastegui Arturo , Fuentes‐Franco Ramon , Pavia Edgar G. , Torres‐Alavez Jose Abraham , Vichot‐Llano Alejandro , Cavazos Tereza , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyse the effects of deforestation and the projected differential sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies between the tropical North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific on the mid‐summer drought (MSD) over southern Mexico and Central America. To address these issues, we performed a set of three 6‐year (1996–2001) sensitivity experiments with RegCM4 driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis and employing different SST (projected end of century patterns under the RCP8.5 scenario) and vegetation (turning forest landuse into grass) configurations. The model domain follows the specifications of the COrdinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) for Central America. Results indicate that projected SST patterns cause the MSD signal to almost disappear from the regional mean annual cycle, with its spatial extent decreasing from ~82 to ~48%. In the vegetation sensitivity experiment, the MSD intensity increases along the Pacific coast and Central America, while the MSD spatial extent remains almost unchanged. These regional changes in MSD can be explained in terms of the regional precipitation response to deforestation, primarily due to changes in vertical moisture advection.
CEUS‐assessed supraspinatus muscle perfusion improves after tendon repair and predicts anatomical and functional outcome: A 1‐year prospective pilot study
Authors: Mick Paul , Kunz Pierre , Fischer Christian , Gross Sascha , Doll Julian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRotator cuff tear including SSP (Supraspinatus) tendon tears are a very common and often painful condition with several therapeutic options such as tendon repair. Reflected by the high retear rates, the preoperative selection of patients suitable for surgery or conservative treatment, which often yields comparable results, remains difficult. Using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), it is possible to quantify the SSP muscle perfusion as a surrogate parameter for its vitality and healing capabilities. In this study, we enrolled 20 patients who underwent an SSP repair for a preoperative and two postoperative (6 months and 1 year) clinical and sonographic exams including CEUS. Along with functional improvement (p < 0.001, Constant score), we found a significant increase in CEUS‐assessed muscle perfusion after tendon repair (p < 0.001). Furthermore, weak preoperative muscle perfusion was associated with a higher risk of a retear (χ2 = 0.045) and a moderate trend toward lower postoperative shoulder function that did not reach significance (r = 0.435; p = 0.055, DASH score). If confirmed in larger studies, CEUS might be a valuable additional diagnostic method for a precise selection of patients who most likely profit from a tendon repair and those who can be treated conservatively with an equally good outcome.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM‐5–Self‐Report in El Salvador
Authors: Rooney Evan E. , Stewart Regan W. , Ramachandran Sujith , Orengo‐Aguayo Rosaura , Young John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConducting research in global applied settings necessitates the use of easily administered, brief, and evidentiary measures. One widely used, brief self‐report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents is the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM‐5–Self‐Report (CPSS‐5‐SR). The present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent validity of the Spanish translation of the CPSS‐5‐SR in a sample of 1,296 third‐ through 12th‐graders in El Salvador (Mage = 12.73 years, SD = 2.67, 55.2% female, 100.0% Latinx). This sample was collected as part of a government‐led initiative to conduct broad school‐based psychopathology screening, with the wider goal of introducing trauma‐informed services into El Salvador's school system. Consistent with prior research, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four‐factor DSM‐5 model displayed a strong fit with the data. Measurement invariance by gender was also examined, with results showing invariance at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, indicating strong evidence that participants’ patterns of response did not differ by gender. The results also indicated strong reliability, Cronbach's α = .91, and convergent validity with measures of commonly comorbid psychopathology, rs = .43–.68. Total scale norms derived from the current sample are provided. These findings highlight the considerable levels of posttraumatic stress experienced by Salvadorian youth and the importance of establishing evidentiary measures of psychopathology that can be used in diverse global populations. In particular, psychometric research represents the first step in augmenting efforts to screen, refer, and treat youth impacted by violence across the globe.
Blue‐green light is required for a maximized fatty acid unsaturation and pigment concentration in the microalga Acutodesmus obliquus
Authors: Helamieh Mark , Reich Marco , Bory Sophie , Rohne Philipp , Riebesell Ulf , Kerner Martin , Kümmerer Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlue‐green light is known to maximize the degree of fatty acid (FA) unsaturation in microalgae. However, knowledge on the particular waveband responsible for this stimulation of FA desaturation and its impact on the pigment composition in microalgae remains limited. In this study, Acutodesmus obliquus was cultivated for 96 h at 15°C with different light spectra (380–700 nm, 470–700 nm, 520–700 nm, 600–700 nm, and dark controls). Growth was monitored daily, and qualitative characterization of the microalgal FA composition was achieved via gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC‐EI/MS). Additionally, a quantitative analysis of microalgal pigments was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Spectra that included wavelengths between 470 and 520 nm led to a significantly higher percentage of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 18:3 and 16:4, compared to all other light conditions. However, no significant differences between the red light cultivations and the heterotrophic dark controls were observed for the FA 18:3 and 16:4. These results indicate, that exclusively the blue‐green light waveband between 470 and 520 nm is responsible for a maximized FA unsaturation in A. obliquus. Furthermore, the growth and production of pigments were impaired if blue‐green light (380–520 nm) was absent in the light spectrum. This knowledge can contribute to achieving a suitable microalgal pigment and FA composition for industrial purposes and must be considered in spectrally selective microalgae cultivation systems.
Advances in Photoelectric Detection Units for Imaging Based on Perovskite Materials
Authors: Wang Duo , Li Guoqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs an excellent representative of a new generation of semiconductor materials, perovskite materials are sweeping the whole photoelectric field like a storm (such as photovoltaic, electroluminescence, photoelectric detection and imaging, memristor, thermoelectricity, and other fields). In the field of photoelectric detection and imaging, perovskite materials show unique and excellent application potential of photoelectric detection and imaging. This paper overviews the recent advances of photoelectric detection units (PDUs) based on perovskite materials for imaging. First, the key characteristics and indexes of perovskite materials and PDUs are introduced. Then, the PDUs of conventional imaging in UV–vis–NIR band are introduced from organic–inorganic hybrid and all‐inorganic perovskite materials respectively. Then, the research of perovskite materials in X‐ray image detection and biological imaging is summarized. Finally, the application prospects of perovskite materials in PDUs imaging is discussed.
A Knitting Copolymerization Strategy to Build Porous Polytriazolium Salts for Removal of Anionic Dyes and MnO4−
Authors: Ai Chenxiang , Tang Juntao , Zhang Qingqing , Tang Xincun , Wu Shaofei , Pan Chunyue , Yu Guipeng , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough considerable efforts have been devoted to novel ionic porous networks (IPNs), the development of them in a scalable manner to tackle the issues in pollutant treatment by adsorption remains an imminent challenge. Herein, inspired by natural spider webs, a knitting copolymerization strategy is proposed to construct analogue triazolium salt‐based porous networks (IPN‐CSUs). It is not only convenient to incorporate the cationic motifs into the network, but easy to control over the contents of ionic pairs. The as‐prepared IPN‐CSUs displays a high surface area of 924 m2 g−1, a large pore volume of 1.27 cm3 g−1 and abundant ionic sites, thereby exhibiting fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity towards organic and inorganic pollutants. The kinetics and thermodynamics study reveal that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model correspondingly. Specifically, the maximum adsorption capacity of the IPN‐CSUs is as high as 1.82 mg mg−1 for permanganate ions and up to 0.54 mg mg−1 for methyl orange, which stands out among the previously reported porous adsorbents so far. It is expected that the strategy reported herein can be extended to the development of other potential efficient adsorbents in water purifications.