bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity Learning and Visualization with Siamese Topological Networks
Authors: Hartono Pitoyo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study a model of Siamese topological neural networks, which consisted of a pair of hierarchical neural networks each with a lowdimensional internal layer, is proposed. Through similarity learning, the objective of the proposed siamese network is to learn low-dimensional topological representations of a given similarity between pairwise highdimensional inputs. The low-dimensionality of the internal layer allows human to visualize the structure of the high-dimensional data in the context of their similarities, for example, label-similarity or ranksimilarity. Different from many similarity learning techniques, dimensionality reduction is integrated in the proposed siamese networks allowing flexible context-oriented visualization analysis for high-dimensional data.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of industrialized and fresh coconut water commercialized in Petrolina, Pernambuco
Authors: Dias Carlos Henrique Araujo , França Dairan Santos , Borges Monica Cristina Rezende Zuffo , de Souza Rita de Cássia Rodrigues , Martins Marlos Gomes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coconut water is widely consumed in Brazil. However, due to its nutritional qualities, this product is susceptible to microbiological contamination when good hygiene practices are not adopted. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of industrialized and fresh coconut water samples purchased in the municipality of Petrolina-PE, and perform the sensory analysis of the studied samples. The microbiological properties were analyzed by evaluating the concentration of total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella ssp., molds, and yeasts, whereas the physicochemical properties were analyzed by evaluating the pH, total titratable acidity, ash content, and turbidity. The sensory analysis was performed by an acceptance test using a 9-point hedonic scale. The results of the evaluations demonstrated that all samples were within the standards of the current regulations. However, the presence of total coliforms and molds suggests that the products were contaminated by fecal material and/or had problems in the production process, which could result in health damage to consumers. Sensory evaluation revealed that fresh coconut water was preferred among tasters. In this scenario, it is essential to adopt good practices among traders and bottling companies and greater participation of the public sector to ensure the quality of food products commercialized in the region, thus reducing the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated foods.
Predicting the depressive status using empirical dietary inflammatory index in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Lee Joo Hye , Yun Jan-Di , Whang Jeong Yeop , Pyo Jung Yoon , Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study investigated whether the empirical dietary inflammatory index (eDII) score is associated with the inflammatory burden as well as the depressive status in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV).Methods: Eighty-four patients with AAV participated in this study. Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) and short-form 36-item Health Survey mental component summary (SF-36 MCS) were considered as indices assessing the inflammatory burden and depressive status, respectively. The eDII includes 16 food components and consists of three groups: -9 to -2, the low eDII group; -1 to +1, the moderate eDII group; and +2 to +10, the high eDII group. Furthermore, the lower eDII group includes both the low and moderate eDII groups.Results: The median age was 64.5 years (36 men). The eDII scores inversely correlated with SF-36 MCS (r = -0.298, P = 0.006) but not with BVAS. SF-36 MCS significantly differ between the lower and higher eDII groups (69.7 vs. 56.7, P = 0.016), but not among the low, moderate, and high eDII groups. Additionally, when patients with AAV were divided into two groups according to the upper limit of the lowest tertile of SF-36 MCS of 55.31, patients in the higher eDII group exhibited a significantly higher risk for the lowest tertile of SF-36 MCS than those in the lower eDII group (RR 3.000). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that the eDII could predict the depressive status by estimating SF-36 MCS without utilising K-CESD-R ≥ 16 in patients with AAV.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of Bladder: a case report
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Shi Na , Niu Fengnan , Fu Yao , Fan Xiangshan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of bladder (HACD) is extremely rarely reported. Only 10 cases of HACD have been reported to date in English literature and no molecular analyses of HACD have ever been reported
Case presentation:
This case was a 57-year-old man who complained of gross hematuria for 5 days and urinary tract ultrasound examination revealed a hypoechoic mass at the right lateral wall of the bladder. 10 months later, the tumor recurred and transurethral resection was performed again. Definitive diagnosis of HACD was made by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. A comparison was made between those two resections by the next generation sequencing (NGS). Somatic mutations of TP53, RB1 and KMT2D and amplifications of CCND1 and FGFR1 were identified in both resections. FGFR3 amplification was detected in the recurrent resection.
Conclusions
Detection of amplifications of FGFR1 and FGFR3 suggests that the FGFR pathway may play an important role in HACD and could be a candidate for personalized treatment. In this report, we provide some useful molecular clues to the analysis of HACD, while the mechanism and treatment still need to be explored.
Reproducibility and validity of a culture specific food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary intake in the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Foster-Nicholas Lesley Ann , Shavlik David , Heskey Celine , Dyett Patricia , Segovia-Siapco Gina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Nutritional epidemiologists use culture-specific food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) to assess the dietary intake of groups based on country, region or ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a self-constructed culture-specific semi-quantitative electronic FFQ (e-FFQ) in assessing food group intake estimates when compared with multiple 1-day food records (FRs) for the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago.
Methods
The 139-item semi-quantitative e-FFQ containing local dishes and street foods was created using Google forms. It was emailed twice, 3 months apart, to 91 participants ≥ 18 years of age. The first administration of the e-FFQ was validated against 4-four one-day FRs with digital photographs which served as the reference method. Using SPSS Version 26, the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ’s food group intake estimates were determined using paired t-tests, bivariate correlations, and cross-classifications. Cross-classification and Bland-Altman plots were used to show agreement between the e-FFQ and weighted mean of the FRs.
Results
Participants consisted of 22% males and 78% females, mean age 38 ± 9.6 years. Reproducibility correlations between the reported food group intakes in the first and repeat administration of the e-FFQ ranged from moderate (r = 0.44 p ≤ 0.0001) for sweetened beverages to high (r = 0.91 p ≤ 0.0001) for alcohol. Cross-classification agreements within ± 1 quintile ranged from 70% (street foods) to 92% (alcohol). Crude validity correlations between the e-FFQ and FR ranged from (r = 0.06) for sweets to (r = 0.65) for food from animal sources, with mean of the validity correlations being 0.34. Deattenuated correlations ranged from r = 0.11 for sweets to r = 0.81 for food from animal sources. Cross-classification showed that an average of 68% of the FFQ estimates were correctly classified within ± 1 quintile of exact agreement in the FRs. Agreements between the FFQ and the FRs ranged from 55% for street foods to 95% for water, all significant at p ≤ 0.0001.
Conclusions
The study shows that this culture-specific e-FFQ is highly reproducible and is a reasonably valid tool to assess and rank food group intake estimates of an adult population living in Trinidad and Tobago. Thus, it can be used to examine associations between dietary intakes and NCDs.
Distant metastasis and recurrence according to radial resection margin and perineural invasion status after curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer: A comparative matching analysis
Authors: Sung Soo-Yoon , Kim Sung Hwan , Lee Joo Hwan , Lee Hyo Chun , Jang Hong Seok , Jeong Songmi , Yu Mina , Lee Jong Hoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The exact role of adjuvant chemotherapy has yet to be elucidated in rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME). Thus, we assess the significance of positive surgical margin and perineural invasion (PNI) associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective study included 1799 patients with rectal cancer at cT3-4N0-2M0. All patients received preoperative CRT with a dose of 50.4 Gy and curative TME. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of surgical margin and PNI. The high-risk group had a positive margin and/or perineual invasion. The low-risk group showed no positive margin or PNI. Propensity-score matching analysis was performed to balance baseline characteristics of the two groups, and a total of 928 patients with 464 in each arm were evaluated.Results: The high-risk group showed significant differences in overall survival (OS, 73.4% vs. 53.9%, P < 0.01) and recurrence-free survival (RFS, 52.7% vs. 40.9%, P = 0.01) at five years between the adjuvant chemotherapy arm and observation arm. The low-risk group showed no significant differences in 5-year OS (86.6% vs. 75.3%, P = 0.61) and RFS (66.9% vs. 53.1%, P = 0.75) between the two arms. Multivariate analyses showed that age, pathologic N stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly correlated with OS and RFS in the high-risk group (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS and RFS more significantly in rectal cancer patients with positive surgical margin or PNI than in those with negative surgical margin and PNI.
Diagnostic biomarker kinetics: how brain-derived biomarkers distribute through the human body, and how this affects their diagnostic significance - the case of S100B
Authors: Murcko Robert , Marchi Nicola , Bailey Damian , Janigro Damir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Blood biomarkers of neurological diseases are often employed to rule out or confirm the presence of significant intracranial or cerebrovascular pathology or for the differential diagnosis of conditions with similar presentations (e.g., hemorrhagic vs. embolic stroke). More widespread utilization of biomarkers related to brain health is hampered by our incomplete understanding of the kinetic properties, release patterns, and excretion of molecules derived from the brain. This is, in particular, true for S100B, an astrocyte-derived protein released across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We developed an open-source pharmacokinetic computer model that allows investigations of biomarker’s movement across the body, the sources of biomarker’s release, and its elimination. This model was derived from a general in silico model of drug pharmacokinetics adapted for protein biomarkers. We improved the model's predictive value by adding realistic blood flow values, organ levels of S100B, lymphatic and glymphatic circulation, and glomerular filtration for excretion in urine. Three key variables control biomarker levels in blood or saliva: blood-brain barrier permeability, the S100B partition into peripheral organs, and the cellular levels of S100B in astrocytes. A small contribution to steady-state levels of glymphatic drainage was also observed; this mechanism also contributed to the uptake of organs of circulating S100B. This open-source model can also mimic the kinetic behavior of other markers, such as GFAP or NF-L. Our results show that S100B, after uptake by various organs from the systemic circulation, can be released back into systemic fluids at levels that do not significantly affect the clinical significance of venous blood or salivary levels after an episode of BBB disruption.
Estimation of nonadditive and additive genetic effects on growth traits of Horro cattle
Authors: Goshu Habtamu Abera 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The estimation of nonadditive genetic effects plays a significant role in the accuracy of estimated breeding values of growth traits. Data for genetic estimation of individual and maternal heterosis of crossbreed cattle in Ethiopia are limited to research institutions and universities. This paper aims to estimate the crossbreeding effects on the growth performances of Holstein FriesianམHorro and JerseyམHorro crosses in Ethiopia. The data used in the study included pedigree and weight data of animals born between 1980 and 2008. Heritability of growth traits were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (ASREML). However, the additive, maternal, and heterosis effects of the crosses were estimated using the crossbreeding effects (CBE3) package and fitting Kinghorn’s Model one for growth traits. The direct and maternal heritability estimates for one-year weight, for the best model, which included the direct maternal covariance were 0.77 ± 0.12 and 0.26 ± 0.09, respectively. Individual heteroses estimated for Jersey and Holstein Friesian were significantly high and positive for one year weight (21.6 ± 6.7 and 26.0 ± 3.9 kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (27.4 ± 26 and 28.9 ± 15 g), and post-weaning average daily gain (68.8 ± 16.6 and 61.8 ± 9.9 g), respectively. The maternal additive effect for growth traits was mostly positive; therefore, it may be preferable to use crossbred cows resulting from purebred dams instead of using crossbred cows from crossbred dams. Significantly higher heterosis and additive parameters in Holstein FriesianམHorro crosses showed that crossbreeding of Horro with Holstein Friesian may be advisable in the areas of Horro cattle breeds occupied.
Comparison between intraocular pressure profiles over 24 and 48 hours in the diagnosis of glaucoma
Authors: Keye Philip , Boehringer Daniel , Anton Alexandra , Reinhard Thomas , Luebke Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the additional value of 48-hour diurnal-nocturnal IOP profiles in comparison to only 24-hour diurnal-nocturnal IOP profiles in the management of glaucoma.Methods: All diurnal-nocturnal IOP profiles over 48 hours that were taken between 2017 and 2019 for diagnostic purposes in glaucoma patients at our hospital were reviewed. We counted elevated IOP values (>21 mmHg), higher short-term IOP fluctuations (> 6 mmHg) and nocturnal IOP peaks (measured at midnight and at 7 AM in supine position). In a second step, we repeated this analysis in the same profiles but censored the data to the first 24-hours. We compared the outcome rates by means of the Chi2-Test. Results: 661 IOP profiles were included. 59% of 48-hour IOP profiles revealed IOP values above 21 mmHg and 87% showed IOP fluctuation greater than 6 mmHg. Nocturnal peaks in supine position could be observed in 51% of the patients. In the profiles censored to the first 24 hours, the fractions were 50%, 71% and 48%, (p < 0,01, p < 0,01 and p = 0,12) respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that 48-hour diurnal-nocturnal IOP profiles are superior in identifying patients with clinically meaningful IOP events in comparison to observing the patients for only 24-hours. It is likely that the higher accuracy is worth the additional socioeconomic costs resulting from the prolonged inpatient stay.
Secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses for trace elements in glass standards using variably charged silicon ions for normalization
Authors: Carlson Eric N. , Hervig Richard L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrace element analyses of silicate materials by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) typically normalize the secondary ion count rate for the isotopes of interest to the count rate for one of the silicon isotopes. While the great majority of SIMS analyses use the signal from Si+, some laboratories have used a multiply charged ion (Si2+ or Si3+). We collected data and constructed calibration curves for lithium, beryllium, and boron using these different normalizing species on synthetic basaltic glass and soda-lime silicate glass standards. The calibrations showed little effect of changing matrix when Si+ was used, but larger effects (up to a factor of ~2) when using Si2+ or Si3+ are a warning that care must be taken to avoid inaccurate analyses. The smallest matrix effects were observed at maximum transmission compared to detecting ions with a few tens of eV of initial kinetic energy (“conventional energy filtering”). Normalizing the light element ion intensities to Al3+ showed a smaller matrix effect than multiply-charged Si ions. When normalized to 16O+ (which includes oxygen from the sample and from the primary beam), the two matrices showed distinct calibration curves, suggesting that changing sputter yields (atoms ejected per primary atom impact) may play a role in the probability of producing multiply charged silicon ions.
Current Debates on Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Strategies for Vitiligo
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Chaudhary Ankit , Patel Mayank 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Vitiligo is an acquired, chronic, and progressive depigmentation or hypopigmentation, characterized by the destruction of melanocytes, and occurrence of white patches or macules in the skin, mucosal surface of eyes, and ears. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment producing cells of the skin which are destroyed in pathological conditions called vitiligo. Approximately, 0.5 - 2.0% of the population is suffering from vitiligo, and a higher prevalence rate up to 8.8% has been reported in India. It is caused by various pathogenic factors like genetic predisposition, hyperimmune activation, increased oxidative stress, and alteration in neuropeptides level. Genetic research has revealed a multi-genetic inheritance that exhibits an overlap with other autoimmune disorders. However, melanocytes specific genes are also affected (such as DDR1, XBP1, NLRP1, PTPN22, COMT, FOXP3, ACE, APE, GSTP1, TLR, SOD, and CTLA-4). The numbers of therapeutic options are employed for the treatment of vitiligo. The topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators are currently in practice for the management of vitiligo. Phototherapies alone, and in combinations with other approaches are used in those patients who do not respond to the topical treatment. The main focus of this review is on the etiopathological factors, pharmacological management (phototherapy, topical, systemic and surgical therapy), and herbal drugs use to treat vitiligo.
The New Era of Drug Discovery: The Power of Computer-aided Drug
Design (CADD)
Authors: Nascimento Igor José dos Santos , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Drug design and discovery is a process that requires high financial costs and is timeconsuming.
For many years, this process focused on empirical pharmacology. However, over the years,
the target-based approach allowed a significant discovery in this field, initiating the rational design era. In
view, to decrease the time and financial cost, rational drug design is benefited by increasing computer
engineering and software development, and computer-aided drug design (CADD) emerges as a promising
alternative. Since the 1970s, this approach has been able to identify many important and revolutionary
compounds, like protease inhibitors, antibiotics, and others. Many anticancer compounds identified
through this approach have shown their importance, being CADD essential in any drug discovery campaign.
Thus, this perspective will present the prominent successful cases utilizing this approach and entering
into the next stage of drug design. We believe that drug discovery will follow the progress in bioinformatics,
using high-performance computing with molecular dynamics protocols faster and more effectively.
In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning will be the next process in the rational design
of new drugs. Here, we hope that this paper generates new ideas and instigates research groups
worldwide to use these methods and stimulate progress in drug design.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring as a Tool for Therapy Optimization
Authors: Pavithran Keechilat , Babu Merin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:The use of pharmacotherapy for improving healthcare in society is increasing. A vast majority of patients have either received subtherapeutic treatment (which could result from low pharmacokinetics) or experienced adverse effects due to the toxic levels of the drug. The medicines used to treat chronic conditions, such as epilepsy; cardiovascular diseases; oncological, neurological, and psychiatric disorders, require routine monitoring. New targeted therapies suggest an individualized treatment that can slowly move practitioners away from the concept of a one-sizefits- all-fixed-dosing approach. Therapeutic drug use can be monitored based on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacometric methods. Based on the experiences of therapeutic drug monitoring of various agents across the globe, we can look ahead to the possible developments of therapeutic drug monitoring in India.
Breast Cancer Segmentation in Mammogram Using Artificial Intelligence
and Image Processing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raza Basit , Ansar Wajeeha 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in females worldwide.
Mammograms are useful in early cancer diagnosis as well when the patient can sense symptoms or
they become observable. Inspection of mammograms in search of breast tumors is a difficult task
that radiologists must carry out frequently.

Objective:
This paper provides a summary of possible strategies used in automated systems for a
mammogram, especially focusing on segmentation techniques used for cancer localization in
mammograms.

Methods:
This article is intended to present a brief overview for nonexperts and beginners in this
field. It starts with an overview of the mammograms, public and private available datasets, image
processing techniques used for a mammogram and cancer classification followed by cancer segmentation using the machine and deep learning techniques

Conclusion:
The approaches used in these stages are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages with possible future research directions are discussed. In the future, we will train a model
of medical images that can be used for transfer learning in mammograms.