bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cancer Financial Experience (CAFÉ) study: randomized controlled trial of a financial navigation intervention to address cancer-related financial hardship
Authors: Henrikson Nora B. , Anderson Melissa L. , Dickerson John , Ewing John J. , Garcia Robin , Keast Erin , King Deborah A. , Lewis Cara , Locher Blake , McMullen Carmit , Norris Consuelo M. , Petrik Amanda F. , Ramaprasan Arvind , Rivelli Jennifer S. , Schneider Jennifer L. , Shulman Lisa , Tuzzio Leah , Banegas Matthew P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an urgent need for evidence on how interventions can prevent or mitigate cancer-related financial hardship. Our objectives are to compare self-reported financial hardship, quality of life, and health services use between patients receiving a financial navigation intervention versus a comparison group at 12 months follow-up, and to assess patient-level factors associated with dose received of a financial navigation intervention.MethodsThe Cancer Financial Experience (CAFÉ) study is a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) with individual-level randomization. Participants will be offered either brief (one financial navigation cycle, Arm 2) or extended (three financial navigation cycles, Arm 3) financial navigation. The intervention period for both Arms 2 and 3 is 6 months. The comparison group (Arm 1) will receive enhanced usual care. The setting for the CAFÉ study is the medical oncology and radiation oncology clinics at two integrated health systems in the Pacific Northwest. Inclusion criteria includes age 18 or older with a recent cancer diagnosis and visit to a study clinic as identified through administrative data. Outcomes will be assessed at 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are self-reported financial distress and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes are delayed or foregone care; receipt of medical financial assistance; and account delinquency. A mixed methods exploratory analysis will investigate factors associated with total intervention dose received.DiscussionThe CAFÉ study will provide much-needed early trial evidence on the impact of financial navigation in reducing cancer-related financial hardship. It is theory-informed, clinic-based, aligned with patient preferences, and has been developed following preliminary qualitative studies and stakeholder input. By design, it will provide prospective evidence on the potential benefits of financial navigation on patient-relevant cancer outcomes. The CAFÉ trial’s strengths include its broad inclusion criteria, its equity-focused sampling plan, its novel intervention developed in partnership with clinical and operations stakeholders, and mixed methods secondary analyses related to intervention dose offered and dose received. The resulting analytic dataset will allow for rich mixed methods analysis and provide critical information related to implementation of the intervention should it prove effective.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT05018000. August 23, 2021.
Insights into urticaria in pediatric and adult populations and its management with fexofenadine hydrochloride
Authors: Ansotegui Ignacio J. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Canonica Giorgio W. , Gonzalez-Diaz Sandra N. , Martin Bryan L. , Morais-Almeida Mario , Murrieta-Aguttes Margarita , Sanchez Borges Mario 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
The present narrative review provides a comprehensive update of the current knowledge on urticaria, both in adult and pediatric populations, and on the safety and efficacy of fexofenadine hydrochloride (HCl) as a treatment option.

Data source
A literature search was conducted on Embase and Medline.

Study selection
Clinical studies published in English and published between 1999 and 2020 were selected.

Results
Although the exact pathogenesis of urticaria is not fully understood, multiple pathways of mast cell activation are discussed to explain the existence of phenotypically different clinical manifestations of urticaria. An overview of the worldwide prevalence of chronic urticaria, including disease burden and patient’s quality of life is provided. The impact of urticaria on patient’s life differs on the basis of whether its form is acute or chronic, but pharmacological approaches are most often needed to control the disabling symptoms. A summary of the current management of urticaria recommended by different guidelines across countries (Global; European; American; Australian; Asian; Japanese) is presented. Non-sedating, second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred choice of treatment across several guidelines worldwide. Herein, the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine HCl, a representative second-generation H1-antihistamine approved for the treatment of urticaria, is discussed. The occurrence of urticaria manifestations in COVID-19 patients is also briefly presented.

Conclusion
The burden of acute and chronic urticaria is high for patients. Second generation anti-histamines such as fexofenadine HCl can help managing the symptoms.
Multi-orientation local ternary pattern-based feature extraction for forensic dentistry
Authors: Rajmohan Karunya , Abdul Khader Askarunisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate and automated identification of the deceased victims with dental radiographs plays a significant role in forensic dentistry. The image processing techniques such as segmentation and feature extraction play a crucial role in image retrieval in accordance with the matching image. The raw image undergoes segmentation, feature extraction and distance-based image retrieval. The ultimate goal of the proposed work is the automated quality enhancement of the image by providing advanced enhancement techniques, segmentation techniques, feature extraction, and matching techniques. In this paper, multi-orientation local ternary pattern-based feature extraction is proposed for feature extraction. The grey level difference method (GLDM) is adopted to extract the texture and shape features that are considered for better results. The image retrieval is done by the computation of similarity score using distances such as Manhattan, Euclidean, vector cosine angle, and histogram intersection distance to obtain the optimal match from the database. The manually picked dataset of 200 images is considered for performance analysis. By extracting both the shape features and texture features, the proposed approach achieved maximum accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, sensitivity, and specificity and lower false-positive and negative values.
Mixed Cauchy problem with lateral boundary condition for noncharacteristic degenerate hyperbolic equations
Authors: Kakharman Nurbek , Kal’menov Tynysbek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, in a cylindrical domain $D=\Omega \times (0,T)$
D
=
Ω
×
(
0
,
T
)
with $\Omega \subset {R}^{n}$
Ω
⊂

R
n

, we consider a mixed Cauchy problem with a potential lateral boundary condition for the following noncharacteristic degenerated equation $$\begin{aligned} Lu=u_{tt}-k(t)\Delta _{x}u(x,t)=f(x,t), \end{aligned}$$
L
u
=

u

t
t

−
k
(
t
)

Δ
x

u
(
x
,
t
)
=
f
(
x
,
t
)
,
where $k(t)\geq 0$
k
(
t
)
≥
0
. As in the case for strictly hyperbolic equations, we first establish that $u\in W_{2}^{1}(D)$
u
∈

W

2

1

(
D
)
and $u\in W_{2}^{2}(D)$
u
∈

W

2

2

(
D
)
under the assumptions $\Vert \frac{f}{k} \Vert _{L_{2}(\Omega )}(t)<\infty $

∥

f
k

∥

L
2

(
Ω
)

(
t
)
<
∞
and $\Vert \frac{\mathrm{grad}_{x} f}{k} \Vert _{L_{2}(\Omega )}(t)<\infty $

∥

grad
x

f

k

∥

L
2

(
Ω
)

(
t
)
<
∞
for every $t\in [0,T]$
t
∈
[
0
,
T
]
, respectively.
Determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia using the recent 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data: nested shared frailty survival analysis
Authors: Ayele Belete Achamyelew , Abebaw Tiruneh Sofonyas , Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Shimels Hailemeskel Habtamu , Akalu Yonas , Ayele Asnakew Achaw 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, there is remarkable progress in child survival in the past three decades. Ethiopia is off-track on sustainable development targets in under-five mortality since 2020. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate time to death and its associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia.

Methods
Nationally representative demographic and health survey data were used for this study. A total of 5772 under-five children were included. Data were analyzed using R software. Semi-parametric nested shared frailty survival analysis was employed to identify factors affecting under-five mortality. Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence interval (CI) was reported and log-likelihood was used for model comparison. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Results
The weighted incidence of under-five death before celebrating the first fifth year was 5.76% (95% CI: 5.17 – 6.40). Female sex and under-five children living in urban areas were high probability of survival than their counterparts. After controlling cluster and region level frailty, multiple births (AHR = 7.03, 95% CI: 4.40—11.24), breastfed within one hour after birth (AHR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28—0.61), preceding birth interval 18–23 months (AHR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12 -2.36), and under-five children younger than 18 months (AHR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.93 -3.86), and teenage pregnancy (AHR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01—2.87) were statistically significant factors for time to under-five death.

Conclusion
Even though Ethiopia has a significant decline under-five death, still a significant number of under-five children were dying. Early initiation of breastfeeding, preceding birth interval and teenage pregnancy were the preventable factors of under-five mortality. To curve and achieve the SDG targets regarding under-five mortality in Ethiopia, policymakers and health planners should give prior attention to preventable factors for under-five mortality.
Prevalence of and factors associated with inappropriate Clostridioides difficile testing in a teaching hospital in Korea
Authors: Jo Hee Bum , Ham Sin Young , Jung Jongtak , Moon Song Mi , Kim Nak-Hyun , Song Kyoung-Ho , Park Jeong Su , Park Kyoung Un , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the increasing incidence of Clostridioides difficile infections in Korea, there has been an increase in inappropriate testing for C. difficile, which has rendered overdiagnosis of asymptomatic colonisers common. We aimed to investigate the appropriateness of C. difficile testing and the related factors.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were admitted to a 1300-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in Korea and were tested for C. difficile infection from September 2019 to November 2019. We performed logistic regression analysis to investigate factors related to inappropriate testing. Further, a survey was conducted on physicians to assess the knowledge and ordering patterns of C. difficile testing.

Results
We included 715 tests from 520 patients in the analysis. Testing was classified as hospital-onset and community-onset and subclassified as appropriate and inappropriate following an algorithmic method. Among the 715 tests, 576 (80.6%) and 139 (19.6%) tests were classified as hospital-onset and community-onset, respectively. Among the hospital-onset tests, 297 (52%) were considered inappropriate. The risk of inappropriate testing increased when C. difficile tests were conducted in the emergency room (OR 24.96; 95% CI 3.12–199.98) but decreased in intensive care units (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19–0.67). The survey was conducted on 61 physicians. Internal medicine physicians had significantly higher scores than non-internal medicine physicians (7.1 vs. 5.7, p = 0.001). The most frequently ordered combination of tests was toxin + glutamate dehydrogenase (47.5%), which was consistent with the ordered tests.

Conclusion
Almost half of the C. difficile tests were performed inappropriately. The patient being located in the emergency room and intensive care unit increased and decreased the risk of inappropriate testing, respectively. In a questionnaire survey, we showed that internal medicine physicians were more knowledgeable about C. difficile testing than non-internal medicine physicians. There is a need to implement the diagnostic stewardship for C. difficile, especially through educational interventions for emergency room and non-internal medicine physicians.
Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma response to transarterial chemoembolization with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Ghadery Abdolkarim Haji , Yazdi Niloofar Ayoobi , Bagheri Hamed , Kazerooni Anahita Fathi , Salahshour Faeze , Javidi Sam Sharifzadeh , Saeedi Sandra , Rad Hamidreza Saligheh , Shekarchi Babak 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There are several therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As predicting the treatment response is critical in clinical decision making, we aimed to evaluate the quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters as potential predictors of treatment response of HCC lesions to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Results
Twelve patients (eight males; mean age, 56.12 ± 7.88) with 26 confirmed HCC lesions were recruited in the study. Thirteen lesions (50%) responded to TACE, and the remaining lesions were categorized as nonresponder. Age > 60 year (p value: 0.018), D (p value: 0.005), D* (p value: 0.005), and f (p value: 0.004) values were significantly different in response and nonresponse group lesions. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that f value (OR: 0.847 (95% CI 0.732–0.98), p value = 0.025) could independently predict tumor response to TACE. The ROC curve analysis showed f value could predict the HCC response to TACE with sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
IVIM-DWI parameters, especially the f value, might be useful for predicting the response of the intermediate-stage HCC to TACE.
Epithelioid myoepithelioma of the parotid gland: a case report with a brief literature overview
Authors: Vardag Abdul Basit Shah , Danish Muhammad Hassan , Ikram Mubasher , Awan Muhammad Ozair , Kayani Naila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Parotid tumors are frequently encountered by otolaryngologists, and the vast majority of these are of the pleomorphic variety. Myoepitheliomas represent a small subset of parotid tumors. Due to their lack of specificity, they can easily be mistaken by an untrained eye for a pleomorphic adenoma. However, the recent advent of immunohistochemical staining of the tumors has aided in their diagnosis. These tumors show both benign and malignant potential; therefore, careful evaluation and subsequent appropriate management are warranted.

Case presentation
Here, we present a case of a young female patient who presented with a parotid lesion diagnosed as a case of myoepithelioma and dealt with accordingly. She underwent superficial parotidectomy under general anesthesia. A 2 × 2 cm firm nodular swelling was excised from the left parotid gland, and the facial nerve was identified and preserved.

Conclusions
The management of these lesions is usually centered on the surgeon’s experience and opinion as there have not been enough reported cases required for the formulation of an evidence-based guideline, hence more single-center studies are essential for evidence-based management.
Teacher’s awareness regarding epistaxis first-aid management inside schools in Asser Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alasiri Ahmed Saeed Y. , Magboul Nasir A. , Alasiri Ahmed Bandar Y. , Al-Amri Deafullah , Albarqi Hasan Hayaza Hasan , AlAlhareth Mansour Saeed Mubarak , Alshandari Tahani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Epistaxis is defined as bleeding that originates from the nasal cavity. Considered as one of the most common ENT emergencies, epistaxis is estimated to account for 0.5% of all emergency department visits and up to one-third of all otolaryngology-related emergency department encounters. Nasal bleeding is the most common ENT emergency in the USA. According to the site of bleeding, it can be divided into anterior or posterior. The prevalence of epistaxis was noted to be 35.5% among the children of the participants in a survey conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2019. A cross-sectional study done in Saudi Arabia found that 27% of the participants experienced nasal bleeding. However, the Saudi population’s knowledge about emergency epistaxis management is inadequate. Increased awareness and education about first aid management of epistaxis can improve knowledge and recall among the general population. On the other hand, a study conducted in 2020 showed good knowledge among the Saudi Arabian population about epistaxis management. In most of the cases, epistaxis occurs in an out-of-the-hospital setting. Thus, it is very important for the general population to understand and know some first aid measures for epistaxis.

Objective
To assess the level of awareness regarding epistaxis first aid management at schools in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.

Results
A total of 75.9% of the teachers in this study correctly reported that they would apply nasal compression in case of a nosebleed. When asked how they would try to stop the bleeding, 58.1% reported that they would keep the head tilted forward and 55.8% stated that they could put ice on the head or nose. Overall, 53.7% knew that they should go to the emergency in case the nosebleed continued for more than 10 min. Only 49.5% reported that they would block the nose with tissue or gauze, and 11.9% knew the compression time to be 6–10 min. A total of 61(15.5%) teachers in this study had good awareness regarding the first aid of epistaxis, while 333 (84.5%) had poor awareness levels.

Conclusion
Nearly two thirds of the teachers were knowledgeable regarding epistaxis and its management, despite the fact that less than half of them had not attended any training or courses in related areas. The lowest awareness was regarding the method and duration of nasal compression. Higher awareness was observed among young male teachers, those teaching scientific subjects, and those who had received information.
Screening potentials derived from the central force problem in a deformed space
Authors: Ramirez Michael T. , Andrade José S. , Moreira André A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The action of long-range potentials can be hindered by the collective effect of free charges in a medium, a process dubbed screening. This effect is usually modeled by adding an exponential crossover to a power-law potential. We show here how these exponential cutoffs can be obtained from first principles in the central force problem through the addition of a radial deformation of space,

. When considering a potential in the form

, we find that the radial part of the Schrödinger equation displays an effective potential that takes the form of two well-known screening potentials, namely, the Eckart and the Manning-Rosen potentials.
Effects of Sustained Hyperglycemia on Skeletal Muscle Lipids in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Shannon Christopher E , Merovci Aurora , Fourcaudot Marcel , Tripathy Devjit , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad , Wang Hu , Han Xianlin , Norton Luke , DeFronzo Ralph A 
Published: May 2022

Asbtract

Context
Sustained increases in plasma glucose promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance independent from obesity and dyslipidemia (ie, glucotoxicity). Skeletal muscle lipids are key molecular determinants of insulin action, yet their involvement in the development of glucotoxicity is unclear.

Objective
To explore the impact of mild physiologic hyperglycemia on skeletal muscle lipids.

Design
Single group pretest-posttest.

Participants
Healthy males and females with normal glucose tolerance.

Interventions
72-hour glucose infusion raising plasma glucose by ~50 mg/dL.

Main Outcome Measures
Skeletal muscle lipids, insulin sensitivity, lipid oxidation.

Results
Despite impairing insulin-mediated glucose disposal and suppressing fasting lipid oxidation, hyperglycemia did not alter either the content or composition of skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerides, or phospholipids. Skeletal muscle ceramides decreased after glucose infusion, likely in response to a reduction in free fatty acid concentrations.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the major lipid pools in skeletal muscle are unperturbed by sustained increases in glucose availability and suggest that glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity drive insulin resistance through distinct mechanistic pathways.
Polygenic Scores for Plasticity: A New Tool for Studying Gene–Environment Interplay
Authors: Johnson Rebecca , Sotoudeh Ramina , Conley Dalton 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fertility, health, education, and other outcomes of interest to demographers are the product of an individual's genetic makeup and their social environment. Yet, gene × environment (G×E) research deploys a limited toolkit on the genetic side to study the gene–environment interplay, relying on polygenic scores (PGSs) that reflect the influence of genetics on levels of an outcome. In this article, we develop a genetic summary measure better suited for G×E research: variance polygenic scores (vPGSs), which are PGSs that reflect genetic contributions to plasticity in outcomes. First, we use the UK Biobank (N ∼ 408,000 in the analytic sample) and the Health and Retirement Study (N ∼ 5,700 in the analytic sample) to compare four approaches to constructing PGSs for plasticity. The results show that widely used methods for discovering which genetic variants affect outcome variability fail to serve as distinctive new tools for G×E. Second, using the PGSs that do capture distinctive genetic contributions to plasticity, we analyze heterogeneous effects of a UK education reform on health and educational attainment. The results show the properties of a useful new tool for population scientists studying the interplay of nature and nurture and for population-based studies that are releasing PGSs to applied researchers.
Pretty Gross: Dialectics of Desire and Disgust in the Reception of Pipilotti Rist
Authors: Watlington Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article considers the often-overlooked role that disgusting imagery plays in the work of Swiss video artist Pipilotti Rist. In immersive installations and in single-channel videos, Rist updates abject feminist performance art of the 1960s and 1970s for a media-saturated age. But her work brings up—and plays with—a question that has haunted abject feminist figurative art: does the genre attract the male gaze, or avert it? After all, the artist has garnered immense popular appeal while making work with motifs like menstrual blood. Theorists of disgust, however—from Immanuel Kant to Julia Kristeva to Sianne Ngai—have long understood seduction and disgust as intricately bound. The reception of Rist's work shows that the pretty and the gross in fact share many formal characteristics, and that desire and disgust often go hand in hand.