bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy covariance-based differences in net ecosystem productivity values and spatial patterns between naturally regenerating forests and planted forests in China
Authors: Zhu Xian-Jin , Fan Ren-Xue , Chen Zhi , Wang Qiu-Feng , Yu Gui-Rui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNet ecosystem productivity (NEP), the difference between gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), is the basis of forest carbon sinks. Revealing NEP differences between naturally regenerating forests (NF) and planted forests (PF) can benefit for making carbon neutrality strategies. Based on 35 eddy covariance measurements in China, we analyzed NEP differences in values and spatial patterns between NF and PF. The results showed that NF had slightly lower NEP than PF, resulting from the high stand age (SA) and soil fertilizer, while their differences were not significant (p > 0.05). The increasing latitude decreased mean annual air temperature thus decreased GPP both in NF and PF. However, the higher SA and soil fertilizer in NF made most GPP release as ER thus induced no significant NEP spatial variation, while lower SA and soil fertilizer in PF made NEP spatially couple with GPP thus showed a decreasing latitudinal pattern. Therefore, stand characteristics determined the differences in NEP values but indirectly affected the differences in NEP spatial variations through altering GPP allocation. The decreasing latitudinal pattern of NEP in PF indicates a higher sequestration capacity in the PF of South China. Our results provide a basis for improving the forest carbon sequestration.
Impact of national holidays and weekends on incidence of acute type A aortic dissection repair
Authors: Oudin Anna , Bjursten Henrik , Oudin Åström Daniel , Nozohoor Shahab , Ahmad Khalil , Tang Mariann , Bjurbom Markus , Hansson Emma C. , Jeppsson Anders , Moeller Christian H. , Jormalainen Mikko , Juvonen Tatu , Mennander Ari , Olsen Peter S. , Olsson Christian , Ahlsson Anders , Pan Emily , Raivio Peter , Wickbom Anders , Sjögren Johan , Geirsson Arnar , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Zindovic Igor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that environmental and temporal factors may affect the incidence of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Here, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that national holidays and weekends influence the incidence of surgery for ATAAD. For the period 1st of January 2005 until 31st of December 2019, we investigated a hypothesised effect of (country-specific) national holidays and weekends on the frequency of 2995 surgical repairs for ATAAD at 10 Nordic cities included in the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) collaboration. Compared to other days, the number of ATAAD repairs were 29% (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54–0.94) lower on national holidays and 26% (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.68–0.82) lower on weekends. As day of week patterns of symptom duration were assessed and the primary analyses were adjusted for period of year, our findings suggest that the reduced surgical incidence on national holidays and weekends does not seem to correspond to seasonal effects or surgery being delayed and performed on regular working days.
Long-term, basin-scale salinity impacts from desalination in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Paparella Francesco , D’Agostino Daniele , A. Burt John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe nations on the shoreline of the Arabian/Persian Gulf are the world’s largest users of desalination technologies, which are essential to meet their freshwater needs. Desalinated freshwater production is projected to rapidly increase in future decades. Thus, concerns have been raised that desalination activities may result in non-negligible long-term, basin-wide increases of salinity, which would have widespread detrimental effects on the Gulf marine ecosystems, with ripple effects on fisheries, as well as impacting the desalination activities themselves. We find that current yearly desalinated freshwater production amounts to about 2% of the net yearly evaporation from the Gulf. Projections to 2050 bring this value to 8%, leading to the possibility that, later in the second half of the century, desalinated freshwater production may exceed 10% of net evaporation, an amount which is comparable to interannual fluctuations in net evaporation. With the help of a model we examine several climatological scenarios, and we find that, under IPCC’s SSP5-8.5 worst-case scenarios, end-of-century increases in air temperature may result in salinity increases comparable or larger to those produced by desalination activities. The same scenario suggests a reduced evaporation and an increased precipitation, which would have a mitigating effect. Finally we find that, owing to a strong overturning circulation, high-salinity waters are quickly flushed through the Strait of Hormuz. Thus, even in the worst-case scenarios, basin-scale salinity increases are unlikely to exceed 1 psu, and, under less extreme hypothesis, will likely remain well below 0.5 psu, levels that have negligible environmental implications at the basin-wide scale.
Handgrip strength effectiveness and optimal measurement timing for predicting functional outcomes of a geriatric hip fracture
Authors: Han Jeongae , Kim Chul-Ho , Kim Ji Wan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) now draws attention as one of the predictors of outcomes following geriatric hip fracture; however, its effectiveness and the optimal time to assess HGS remain unknown. Herein, we aimed to determine the usefulness of HGS in predicting the outcomes of geriatric hip fracture and to find the most effective time to measure HGS in both the low muscle strength and normal hip fracture groups. The study was performed prospectively for 79 geriatric hip fracture patients. HGS was measured during the admission period and the one-week postoperative period. Walking ability and quality of life were assessed using Koval scores and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension (EQ-5D) scale at the admission period and postoperatively at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The relationship between pre/postoperative HGS and functional outcomes was assessed, and the functional score between the “low muscle strength” and “normal muscle strength” groups was compared. The association between HGS asymmetry and low strength with functional limitations was determined. For the preoperative HGS, the Koval score showed a significant relationship in the postoperative 6-month (r = −0.295, P = 0.008) and 12-month (r = −0.266, P = 0.019) periods; also, the EQ-5D score showed a significant relationship in the postoperative 6-month and 12-month periods (r = 0.344, P < 0.001, and r = 0.386, P = 0.001, respectively). For the postoperative HGS, the Koval score showed a significant relationship in the 6-month (r = −0.432, P < 0.001) and 12-month (r = −0.344, P = 0.002) postoperative periods. Also, the EQ-5D score showed a significant relationship in the 3-month (r = 0.340, P = 0.010), 6-month (r = 0.476, P < 0.001), and 12-month (r = 0.471, P < 0.001) postoperative periods. The incidence of preoperative and postoperative low HGS was 78.5% and 70.9%, respectively. The “low-strength” group had poor Koval scores and EQ-5D at postoperative month 12 and poor functional outcomes earlier in the follow-up (postoperative 6- and 12-month Koval scores and postoperative 3-, 6-, and 12-month EQ-5D), respectively (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003; P = 0.003, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001). The effect of HGS asymmetry and low strength on functional limitations remained undetermined. Both preoperative and postoperative HGS reflected functional outcomes of patients with hip fracture during the 12-month follow-up. Postoperative HGS had a higher prognostic value than preoperative HGS.
Memory for own actions in parrots
Authors: Torres Ortiz Sara , Smeele Simeon Q. , Champenois Juliette , von Bayern Auguste M. P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ability to recall one’s past actions is a crucial prerequisite for mental self-representation and episodic memory. We studied whether blue-throated macaws, a social macaw species, can remember their previous actions. The parrots were trained to repeat four previously learned actions upon command. Test sessions included repeat trials, double repeat trials and trials without repeat intermixed to test if the parrots repeated correctly, only when requested and not relying on a representation of the last behavioral command. Following their success, the parrots also received sessions with increasing time delays preceding the repeat command and successfully mastered 12–15 s delays. The parrots successfully transferred the repeat command spontaneously at first trial to three newly trained behaviors they had never repeated before, and also succeeded in a second trial intermixed with already trained actions (untrained repeat tests). This corroborates that successful repeating is not just an artifact of intense training but that blue-throated macaws can transfer the abstract “repeat rule” to untrained action. It also implies that an important aspect of self-representation has evolved in this avian group and might be adaptive, which is consistent with the complex socio-ecological environment of parrots and previous demonstrations of their complex cognition.
A matching‐based context‐aware relay assignment scheme with power control in ad‐hoc wireless networks
Authors: Amini Tooran , Abouei Jamshid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an emergency ad‐hoc network based on cognitive radio is considered. It is assumed that secondary users (SUs) are moving agents in which some fixed agents namely distributed relays (DRs), forward the data gathered by SUs to destination. The main goal is to maximize the capacity of data gathering in destination with respect to the maximum interference tolerable by primary users (PU), and SU's and DR's power constraints. A mixed‐integer nonlinear model (MINLP) for joint relay assignment and power allocation is shown. Given that MINLP problems are NP‐Hard, a two interdependent solutions are proposed to achieve the relay assignment and power control. A social‐aware dynamic relay assignment algorithm (SADRA) based on many‐to‐one matching is proposed. In this matching, the preference list of DRs is the result of mean opinion scores ranking that two roulette wheel selection and random walk selection techniques are applied to eliminate the same priorities. In the second phase, a greedy adaptive algorithm for non‐convex power allocation problem that converges to the component‐wise minimal power is proposed. It is shown that the SADRA algorithm converges to a two‐sided exchange stable matching. The superior performance of the proposed SADRA algorithm is verified by the simulation results.
A novel transient directional pilot protection principle based on sequential overlapping derivative transform for AC transmission lines
Authors: Wang Bingran , Wang Zengping , Wang Zhaochen , Wang Tong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe access of large‐scale renewable energy and power electronic equipment to the power grid makes the power source and short‐circuit paths possess time‐varying characteristics when faults occur, which has a serious impact on the traditional protection based on power frequency components. Besides, higher requirements are needed for relay protection in the power grid. The transient fault current contains a large amount of fault information. First, the bus capacitance has a strong reflection effect on the high frequency signal, and there are obvious differences in the high frequency component of the fault current of internal and external faults. Next, a transient quantity algorithm based on sequential overlapping derivative transform is introduced. The algorithm can effectively suppress the low frequency component and enhance the high frequency component in the current, which simply and effectively highlights the difference between the transient current of internal and external faults. Finally, through the ratio of high frequency energy of each outgoing line, the fault direction can be accurately determined, and the transient directional pilot protection can be formed. The accuracy of the protection scheme is verified by a large number of simulation experiments.
VSC‐MTDC system integrity protection scheme: Backup protection based on virtual traveling wave power
Authors: Zou Hongsen , Xiang Zheng , Shang Weiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible DC technology is widely used in long‐distance and large‐capacity transmission and plays a very important role in realizing the optimal allocation of cross‐regional power resources. However, the protection technology of flexible DC systems is not yet mature. The current differential protection is susceptible to the influence of distributed capacitance, which reduces the reliability of the backup protection of the voltage source converter‐based multi‐terminal DC (VSC‐MTDC) system. To enhance the reliability of DC protection, a new scheme based on virtual traveling active wave power is proposed. First, the concept of virtual traveling wave power is innovatively proposed. Subsequently, the fault characteristics and calculation method of the virtual traveling wave power are provided. Accordingly, a protection scheme based on virtual traveling wave power is proposed and the overall process is given. Finally, a typical VSC‐MTDC system is used to verify the reliability of the scheme.
Evaluation of a calibration technique in measuring partial discharges inside mineral oils with a high‐frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensor: A case study
Authors: Besharatifard Hamidreza , Hasanzadeh Saeed , Muyeen S M , Kamwa Innocent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPartial discharge is one of the main reasons for insulation degradation in high‐voltage apparatuses. Partial discharge is an ineluctable phenomenon that happens when a high electrical field is adjacent to an insulator. High‐frequency current transformers are widely used for detecting partial discharge current in high‐voltage equipment. Determination of the apparent charge in pico coulombs is essential for having a common understanding of results and verifying that the measuring system can obtain specified partial discharge magnitude correctly. To this end, a high‐frequency current transformer sensor and a partial discharge calibrator have been prepared to measure the current of the partial discharge (PD) pulses inside mineral oil. The constructed PD calibrator has been evaluated. The high‐frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensor has been simulated using a mathematical model‐based AC analysis and has been characterized and then calibrated using a calibration technique to measure the apparent charge of the PD pulses. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the HFCT sensor and the proposed calibration method.
An apparatus for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap
Authors: Weisman Evan , Galla Chethn Krishna , Montoya Cris , Alejandro Eduardo , Lim Jason , Beck Melanie , Winstone George P. , Grinin Alexey , Eom William , Geraci Andrew A. 
Published: November 2022

We describe the design, construction, and operation of an apparatus that utilizes a piezoelectric transducer for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap for use in levitated optomechanics experiments. In contrast to commonly used nebulizer-based trap-loading methods that generate aerosolized liquid droplets containing nanoparticles, the method produces dry aerosols of both spherical and high-aspect ratio particles ranging in size by approximately two orders of magnitude. The device has been shown to generate accelerations of order 107 g, which is sufficient to overcome stiction forces between glass nanoparticles and a glass substrate for particles as small as 170 nm in diameter. Particles with sizes ranging from 170 nm to ∼10μm have been successfully loaded into optical traps at pressures ranging from 1 bar to 0.6 mbar. We report the velocity distribution of the particles launched from the substrate, and our results indicate promise for direct loading into ultra-high-vacuum with sufficient laser feedback cooling. This loading technique could be useful for the development of compact fieldable sensors based on optically levitated nanoparticles as well as matter–wave interference experiments with ultra-cold nano-objects, which rely on multiple repeated free-fall measurements and thus require rapid trap re-loading in high vacuum conditions.
Past and future coastal flooding in Pacific Small-Island Nations: insights from the Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring (PSLGM) Project tide gauges
Authors: Ritman Mathilde , Hague Ben , Katea Tauala , Vaaia Tavau , Ngari Arona , Smith Grant , Jones David , Tolu Léna 
Published: November 2022

Sea level rise is increasing the frequency of coastal flooding globally, and low-lying communities are particularly vulnerable. We present an assessment of historical and projected changes in coastal flooding in 11 Pacific small-island nations, using tide gauge data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. We derive impact-, event- and percentile-based thresholds to calculate historical exceedance frequencies. Projections of future exceedance frequencies are then made using the recent suite of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) emission scenarios (Sixth Assessment Report). We find that exceedances of the percentile thresholds have increased in the last decade at all locations, with sites seeing exceedances in months where exceedances were previously rare or unseen in the sea level record. In the future, daily threshold exceedances occur after 50–115 cm of sea level rise, depending on location. Such levels are currently projected to be reached between 2080 and 2130 according to high emissions scenario SSP5–8.5. Low emissions scenario, SSP1–1.9, shows sea level rise resulting in 25–75 days of exceedances by 2050 for the 11 locations. This increased frequency of coastal flooding highlights the changing nature of coastal flood risk in the Pacific, with extreme weather and wave events being increasingly unnecessary for inundation to occur. Further, this work highlights how underlying increases in coastal flooding frequency pose a growing risk of exacerbating inundation associated with extreme weather or waves. Better flood monitoring and reporting will improve the accuracy of impact thresholds, strengthening the relevance of the results presented here for coastal emergency and planning managers.
Anisotropic metallic heterotrimer systems for an ultrahigh plasmonic-based improvement of hyper-Raman scattering signal
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An anisotropic metallic trimer is proposed as an active plasmonic substrate for an ultrahigh enhancement in the spectroscopic signal of the hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) process. The suggested three-particle system is composed from non-aligned asymmetric nanoparticles of a cubic shape. The interacting resonators are made of gold material and illuminated by a longitudinally polarized light. The non-alignment condition in the heterotrimer is achieved by shifting the intermediate cube transversely away from the interparticle axis. Optical cross-section, nearfield distribution and charge density are calculated by using the finite-difference time-domain electrodynamic simulation tool. The enhancement factor of the HRS is calculated theoretically from the nearfield intensity associated with the resonance phenomenon of the considered trimer. The extinction profile of the illuminated system exhibits the excitation of two plasmonic modes. A superradiant mode observed in the longer wavelength region which resulted from the in-phase coupling between the plasmonic modes excited in each one of the three resonators. The second mode is a subradiant band emerged from the interference between bright and dark modes. The resonance wavelength of these two modes matches the excitation one and the second-order Stockes condition, respectively. After optimizing the value of both the transverse shift and the gap spacing, the enhancement factor of the HRS can reach as high as a value never reported before of 1 × 1018.
On planar flows of viscoelastic fluids of Giesekus type
Authors: Bulíček Miroslav , Los Tomáš , Lu Yong , Málek Josef 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Viscoelastic rate-type fluid models of higher order are used to describe the behaviour of materials with complex microstructure: geomaterials like asphalt, biomaterials such as vitreous in the eye, synthetic rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber. A standard model that belongs to the category of viscoelastic rate-type fluid models of the second order is the model due to Burgers, which can be viewed as a mixture of two Oldroyd-B models of the first order. This viewpoint allows one to develop the whole hierarchy of generalized models of the Burgers type. We study one such generalization that can be viewed as a combination (mixture) of two Giesekus viscoelastic models having in general two different relaxation mechanisms. We prove, in two spatial dimensions, long-time and large-data existence of weak solutions to the considered generalization of the Burgers model subject to no-slip boundary condition. We also provide, as a particular case, a complete proof of global-in-time existence of weak solutions to the Giesekus model in two spatial dimensions.