bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device for Holding a Mini Implant Placement Guide
Authors: Phaphe Sandesh , Sathe Tanuja 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Generally, a mini implant is a device which is used for fixing the bones. It helps in augmenting orthodontic anchorage. It is done wherein either by direct or indirect anchorage which further is getting removed subsequently after being used.
Objective: The objective of the present research is to provide a device for holding a mini implant placement guide. Another objective of the present research is to provide a device for holding a mini implant placement guide, which provides accurate placement of a mini implant in three planes of space, namely, sagittal, vertical and transverse.
Methods: The device is configured on a dental brace. The device is provided with an engaging member, an operating member, a vertical arm and a horizontal arm. The engaging member is having two engaging legs.
Results: The present research provides a device which is used in an orthodontics treatment. The orthodontics is a dental specialty that aids in the correction of the alignment of teeth, with respect to the skeletal form, and a soft- tissue relationship of a patient undertaking the treatment.
Conclusion: The present research provides a device for holding a mini implant placement guide. Also, the device provides accurate placement of a mini implant in three planes of space, namely, sagittal, vertical and transverse. Further, the device help in the placement site decision mesiodistally, as well as the vertical positions of the crown-to-root areas can be determined.
Prediction of Epitope Peptides for PTK Gene of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Sheefaa M. I. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree 
Published: January 2022

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative bacilli acquiring both intrinsic and adaptive patterns of multi drug resistance and virulence. Immune-informatics approach holds promise to detect putative epitope peptides from vital virulence factors which can be further synthesized and evaluated for their immunological response.
Aim: The aim of the study was to predict the immuno-dominant peptides from the ptk gene of A. baumannii.
Materials and Methods: Protein retrieval of the Ptk gene using CELLO V.2.5 was done with the evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity of the predicted epitopes, using Vaxijen V2.0 server and AlgPred servers. Epitope structure prediction and validation by using RAMPAGE revealed the homology peptides. Molecular Docking of epitopes with HLA-alleles using ClusterPro server, and further identification of B cell epitope was performed by using Kolaskar and Tonganokar antigenicity method.
Results: A total of 20 epitopes were predicted and 18 peptides were chosen based on antigenicity and stability analysis prediction. The structure predictions were carried out using pepfold server and based on Ramachandran plot analysis 10 epitopes were taken for further analysis.
Conclusion: The present finding has detected and evaluated the desirable epitope as LFFSLIAQW using an immune-informatic approach. However, it needs further experimental validation for its immunological response using standard in-vitro studies.
A Study on the Clinicopathological Profile of the Cases of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Menon Dhanya , Sudhan Iniya , Sekhar Ganthimathy 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To assess the clinicopathological details of patients with colorectal cancer in a tertiary care centre in India and compare it other studies reported in the literature.
Study Design: This is a retrospective study conducted on all the patients who were admitted in the period of 2017 to 2020.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai. The data was processed and the manuscript was prepared between June 2020 and January 2021.
Methodology: Patient details were collected from the histopathology records and the parameters studied were age, gender, tumour site, histological type, differentiation and tumour stage of the colorectal carcinoma. The sampling was done using the complete enumerate sampling method. The patients diagnosed histopathologically as colorectal carcinoma were included in our study.
Results: A total of 51 patients had been admitted in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 in our institute. There was a female predominance among the patients. The mean age of the patients was lesser than the mean age of colorectal cancer cases in other studies which have been reported in the country. The most common tumour site was rectum in both the sexes and the most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma. The most common histological differentiation was moderate differentiation.
Conclusion: The increased incidence in younger patients as compared to previous studies may be attributable to the lifestyle and dietary changes.
Effect of Lycopene on Histological Alterations of Basement Membrane & Fibrosis in Renal Interstitial Tissue of Celebrex Induced Albino Rats; An Experimental Study
Authors: Sundus Sadia , Kumar Ashok , Rehman Anjum , Ata-Ur-Rehman . , Naqvi Sara , Aslam Sana 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the histological alterations in basement membrane and fibrosis in renal interstitium of albino rats due to celebrex with enhancement by lycopene.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Abode of Study: Animal House of Jinnah Postgraduate institute, Karachi,
Materials and Methods: COX-2 inhibitor and antioxidant medicines were used in this research work. These medications were orally administered in 40 male albino rats weighing 200-220gm for experimentation. Rats were housed in separate pens at 23ºC. Rats were arranged into 4 groups including control horde and three experimental hordes. The medications were dose up orally by gastric tube daily for one month. At completion of experiment, animals were dissected and tissues were well-preserved for staining.
Results: In second horde PAS stained kidney segments showed disrupted basement membrane of distended proximal convoluted tubules & ill-defined brush border and fibrosis in renal interstitium, but 3rd horde had intact basement membrane & well-define brush border at the luminal surface of proximal tubular epithelium and there was mild fibrosis in renal interstitium.
Conclusion: This study divulges that lycopene convalesce the disrupted basement membrane and fibrosis in second horde.
Formulation and Evaluation of Gabapentin Sustained Release Matrix Tablet Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves Mucilage as Release Retardant
Authors: Amsa P. , Mathan G. K. , Magibalan S. , Velliyangiri E. K. , Kalaivani T. , Priya S. 
Published: January 2022

The major goal of this study was to develop and evaluate Sustained release matrix tablets of Gabapentin with Hibiscus rosa - sinensis leaves mucilage prepared by using wet granulation technique with microcrystalline cellulose as a diluents and magnesium stearate as a lubricant. Pre-compression and post-compression evaluation of physicochemical parameters were carried out and to be within acceptable limits. Drug and polymer compatibility were validated by FTIR measurements. Further, tablets were evaluated for in vitro release study. To get the sustained release of Gabapentin, the concentration of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis mucilage was tuned with a gas-generating agent. The % drug release of all formulation from F1 to F5 showed 91.24%, 80.24%, 70.53%, 62.12% and 49.83% respectively. All the dosage form release kinetics was computed using zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas methods. From the above results, it is concluded that the n value of formulation F5 showed 0.78 suggesting anomalous (non-fickian) behavior of the drug. Mucilage from the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a great retarding effect in drug release from sustained release tablets.
To Evaluate Fear and Assess Practice Modification among Dentist against COVID-19 in India – A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Ingole Anil , Sajjanar Jayashree , Gade Jaykumar , Soni Minal , Jaiswal Karan , Agarkar Anand 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: This highly infective new virus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2), is a corona virus responsible of an acute respiratory syndrome, often asymptomatic but potentially lethal, named Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Airborne and direct contact contamination is a major infection pathway of Sars-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 transmission during dental procedures can therefore happen through the inhalation of aerosol/droplets from infected individuals or direct contact with mucous membranes, oral fluids, and contaminated instruments and surfaces .Therefore, dentists have a high risk of getting infected from patients and potentially spreading it to their peers, families, and other patients.
Aim: To evaluate fear and assess practice modification among dentist against COVID-19 in India
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 260 general dental practitioners, postgraduates and graduates across Central India, who were registered under the Dental Council of India, were included in the survey. A questionnaire consisting of 22 Questions with regard to COVID -19 fear and practice modification was designed and the questionnaire was circulated through a web designed program. The responses were collected, and data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS Statistics for Windows version 27.0.
Results: There is a description of the fear and anxiety levels of dental care professionals towards COVID-19; 83.85% of participants were afraid of getting infected with COVID-19 from either a patient or a co-worker. While treating a coughing or a patient suspected to be infected with COVID-19, 90% were anxious. In terms of using personal protection, 63.85% believed that a surgical mask is not enough to prevent cross-infection of COVID-19. In comparison, 93.08% favored the use of N-95 masks for routine dental procedures during the current outbreak. Although the majority 91.15% recommended routine universal precautions of infection control.
Conclusion: Overall, this study sheds light on the association of COVID-19 factors and fear and anxiety elevated among dentists during working in this pandemic. Covid-19 spread all over world and is worsening day by day. On current scenario several dental practices have either modified their services according to recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only, or closed down practices for an uncertain period.
Case Report On: Complete Heart Block
Authors: Dhengare Archana , Ankar Ruchira , Sharma Ranjana , Sakharkar Sheetal , Raut Arati , Wavare Sonali 
Published: January 2022

When the electrical signal normally does not travel from the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, to the ventricles, or lower chambers, full heart block occurs. During surgery, the atrio ventricular (AV) node is weakened and complete heart block can result. Often, complete heart block occurs naturally without surgery [1].
Patient History: Heart block is an irregular heart rhythm where the heart (bradycardia) beats too slowly. In this condition, between the upper chamber (atria) and the lower chamber (ventricles), the electrical signals that tell the heart to contract are partially or completely blocked. Present history- The patient 71-year old male who was admitted to hospital on date 25/11/2019 with the chief complaint was severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo, and sweating since in 4 months.
Conclusion: The patient was admitted in the hospital with the chief complaint of severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo and sweating since 4 months and his condition was very critical and the patient was admitted in AVBR Hospital and immediate treatment was started.
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus and Enterococcus
Authors: Madhumitha B. , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: January 2022

Background: The study of microorganism is called microbiology, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and Protozoa. Microbes play a major role in this field. Microbes are also used for life-saving drugs etc.. The effect of ultraviolet rays on the bacterias are mostly lethal to them, UV is a minor fraction of the solar spectrum reaching the ground surfaces, the UV light radiation will reduce the microbes in the surroundings as well as in the labs.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ultraviolet rays on pathogenic bacterias.
Materials and methods: Three organisms were selected for the study. Pseudomonas, S. Aureus and Enterococcus. 30 watts Uv tube was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Uv radiation. The exposure time was determined as 5, 10 and 15 mins at a close distance of 10cm. 20 microliter of suspension was taken and mixed in 2 ml of sterile normal saline and exposed for respective duration. Sub culture was done on suitable media after the exposure . Time exposed plates were incubated at 37 degree Celsius overnight and checked for the total CFU and data were tabulated.
Results: The Ultraviolet radiation of pathogenic bacteria resulted in a significant reduction of the total colony forming unit.
Conclusion: Ultraviolet rays were lethal to the bacterias. There are many airborne bacterias surrounded by environment ultraviolet rays exposure will cause an apparent decrease in the pathogenic bacterias.
Comparative Hypolipidemic Evaluation of Aframomum Melegueta Seeds and Moringa Oleifera Leaves
Authors: Nwankwo L. U. , Onyegbule F. A. , Abba C. C. , Agbamu E. 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The study was carried out to compare the lipid lowering effects of both crude drugs as well as deducing the extracts with the best lipid lowering property; and the fractions.
Study Design: The research was conducted with an experimental design solely based on laboratory trials which involved the use of ninety-six (96) male albino wistar rats to compare the hypolipidemic effects of both crude drugs and respective fractions.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria. The research was carried out from March to August, 2021.
Methodology: Ethanol extracts of both plants were prepared using soxhlet extraction. Each extract was then subjected to VLC fractionation using four solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The fractions were bulked together after conducting thin layer chromatographic procedures and each extract was bulked into four fractions. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) of both extracts were determined in the rats using Lorke’s method. The crude extracts were screened for the presence and quantity of phytoconstituents using standard methods. The antilipidemic study was carried out using sixty-eight (68) rats randomized into seventeen (17) groups of four (4) animals each. Lipid profile was determined using spectrophotometer. Liver function tests and histology was also carried out using standard procedures.
Results: Administration of various treatments (both crude extracts and fractions) evoked a significant (p<0.05) reduction of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as significant (p<0.05) elevation of HDL-C when compared with the negative control. With a percentage serum lipid reduction of 45.11%TC, 48.23%TG, 63.39% LDL-C and 174.69% elevation of HDL-C, the group treated with the combination of 500 mg/kg Aframomum melegueta and 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera produced the best hypolipidemic effect. This is closely followed by fraction MO4. Comparatively, Moringa oleifera extracts exerts a better antilipidemic effect than Aframomum melegueta seed extract. The liver function test showed that both plants has no toxic effect on the liver cells at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, hence confirming the hepatoprotective effect of both crude drugs at the doses administered.
Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study suggests that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves is more effective than ethanol extract of Aframomum melegueta seeds as a hypolipidemic agent, however, combination of both crude drugs as a lipid lowering agent has proved to be more effective and reliable when compared to each crude drug administered independently.
Anti-microbial and Wound Healing Properties of Leaf Extracts of Spermacoce verticillata L
Authors: Nachiya R. A. M. Jainaf , Sangeetha G. , Ragunathan R. , Shahanawaz SD , Bhattacharya Sumanta 
Published: January 2022

The Rubiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal families that are found in the tropical region of the world. There are many species under the Rubiaceae family such as Coffea arabica, Cinchona officinalis, Spermacoce verticillate. There are several plant parts used to extract the metabolites from, such as the leaf, bark, root, seed, or fruit. The leaf of Spermacoce verticillata has many medicinal values as it contains metabolites which help to reduce microbial activity and help to heal the wound. The microbial activity can lead to skin infections and internal disease. The plant metabolites can act via inhibition of cell wall formation or inhibition of protein synthesis.
Wound healing is referred to as the repair of cuts and infections of the human skin. Leaf extracts may help to increase the fibrin formation to clot the blood, and the metabolic compounds may also help to reduce the microbial load in the wound to reduce the chance of infection.
Plant leaves contain many metabolites that can act as antimicrobial substances for humans such as minimoidiones A, Cytochalasin D, multiforicin I, and xylarenones E.. Some of those factors can disrupt the sequence of wound healing such as factors of controlling blood sugar level which seriously affect the wound healing and external factors such as contamination of microbes in the wound. The wound healing properties of leaf extract help the immune system to fight the microbes which slow down the wound healing process by the release of harmful metabolites.
Augmented reality‐guided positioning system for radiotherapy patients
Authors: Li Chunying , Lu Zhengda , He Mu , Sui Jianfeng , Lin Tao , Xie Kai , Sun Jiawei , Ni Xinye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn modern radiotherapy, error reduction in the patients’ daily setup error is important for achieving accuracy. In our study, we proposed a new approach for the development of an assist system for the radiotherapy position setup by using augmented reality (AR). We aimed to improve the accuracy of the position setup of patients undergoing radiotherapy and to evaluate the error of the position setup of patients who were diagnosed with head and neck cancer, and that of patients diagnosed with chest and abdomen cancer. We acquired the patient's simulation CT data for the three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the external surface and organs. The AR tracking software detected the calibration module and loaded the 3D virtual model. The calibration module was aligned with the Linac isocenter by using room lasers. And then aligned the virtual cube with the calibration module to complete the calibration of the 3D virtual model and Linac isocenter. Then, the patient position setup was carried out, and point cloud registration was performed between the patient and the 3D virtual model, such the patient's posture was consistent with the 3D virtual model. Twenty patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer and 20 patients diagnosed with chest and abdomen cancer in the supine position setup were analyzed for the residual errors of the conventional laser and AR‐guided position setup. Results show that for patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer, the difference between the two positioning methods was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For patients diagnosed with chest and abdomen cancer, the residual errors of the two positioning methods in the superior and inferior direction and anterior and posterior direction were statistically significant (t = −5.80, −4.98, P < 0.05). The residual errors in the three rotation directions were statistically significant (t = −2.29 to −3.22, P < 0.05). The experimental results showed that the AR technology can effectively assist in the position setup of patients undergoing radiotherapy, significantly reduce the position setup errors in patients diagnosed with chest and abdomen cancer, and improve the accuracy of radiotherapy.
Multifunctional Supramolecular Filament Hydrogel Boosts Anti‐Inflammatory Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Deng Jie , Lin Deqing , Ding Xiangyu , Wang Yuan , Hu YuHan , Shi Hui , Chen Lin , Chu Bingyang , Lei Lei , Wen Chunmei , Wang Jiaqing , Qian Zhiyong , Li Xingyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeptide‐drug conjugates (PDCs) are an important class of therapeutic agents that combine one or more active molecules with a short peptide via a biodegradable spacer to generate prodrugs. Here an antioxidant (i.e., 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (i.e., ibuprofen, IPF), and a self‐assembled peptide motif (i.e., Gly‐Phe‐Phe‐Tyr‐Asp, GFFYD) are integrated to produce a peptide‐drug amphiphile, which self‐assembles to form hydrogel and further exerts the synergistic effects, and consequently emerges high therapeutic efficacy. In the in vitro study toward lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages, the resulting hydrogel significantly reduces the production of cytokines (e.g., IL‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (i.e., TNF‐α)) compared with that of native IPF via the inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB (i.e., NF‐κB), janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (i.e., JAK‐STAT) signals and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (i.e., NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Moreover, a rabbit model of endotoxin induced uveitis evidences the superior therapeutic efficacy of the resulting hydrogel over that of clinically used 0.1 wt% diclofenac sodium eyedrop. Overall, this work offers new insights into the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of PDCs hydrogel and presents the therapeutic values in the treatment of ocular disorders, and ultimately fulfils the potential clinical benefits of PDCs.
Recent Advances in Growth of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) Crystals
Authors: Fan Yixuan , Li Lin , Zhang Ye , Zhang Xiaotao , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a novel family of 2D materials, MXenes have drawn intensive interests owing to its fascinating property profile. The ability to grow high‐quality MXenes in a controllable way would in turn further promote the development of fabrication techniques and expand wide advanced applications. Then 2D MXenes crystals are highly desirable and many approaches have been explored to realize the mass production. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provides compelling benefits over other alternatives in controllability, uniformity and scalability. In this review, the recent advances in growth of MXenes crystals by CVD method will comprehensively present. Several typical kinds of MXenes crystals are demonstrated to be fabricated with a precise control in terms of size, morphology and thickness. Further, a series of MXenes heterostructures are constructed including vertical and lateral spatial orientations. Then, the properties and applications of MXenes crystals are exhibited, of which superconductivity and electrochemical catalysts will be mainly emphasized. Finally, the authors put forward views on the future development in the synthesis of MXenes. With continuous efforts devoted, a bright future of MXenes crystals prepared by CVD is expected.