bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite Alterations at Chromosome 8q Loci in Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Gillenwater Ann , Hurr Kenneth , Wolf Pat , Batsakis John G. , Goepfert Helmuth , El‐Naggar Adel K. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVETo determine the extent, localization, and clinical significance of microsatellite loci alterations at sites of reported cytogenetic abnormalities in pleomorphic adenomas.BACKGROUNDPleomorphic adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumor with a propensity for recurrence and potential for malignant conversion. Although its cause remains unclear, clonal cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported consistently.DESIGNDNA extracted from paired normal and tumor tissue specimens from 1 patient with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and 17 patients with pleomorphic adenoma (3 contained foci of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) was evaluated for loss of heterozygosity at microsatellite loci with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐based analysis. Correlation with clinical and pathologic features was performed.RESULTSOverall 10 (56%) of 18 cases manifested loss of heterozygosity at the loci tested. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity noted on 3p, 6q, 8p, 8q, and 12q microsatellite loci was 17%, 12%, 8%, 47%, and 27% of informative cases, respectively. Specimens from patients with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed a similar loss of heterozygosity incidence at these loci. No apparent association between molecular abnormalities and clinical‐pathologic features was observed in this cohort.CONCLUSIONSLoss of heterozygosity at microsatellite loci on 8q, a breakpoint at which translocations have been previously documented in pleomorphic adenoma, is a frequent event in this tumor. The incidence is not increased in patients with focal carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, suggesting that loss of heterozygosity at 8q is an early event in tumorigenesis. Further evaluation at these loci is needed to identify potential tumor suppressor genes that may be associated with the initiation and progression of pleomorphic adenomas.
Mastoidectomy in Noncholesteatomatous Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Is it Necessary?
Authors: Balyan Fatih R. , Celikkanat Serdar , Asian Asim , Taibah Abdelkader , Russo Alessandra , Sanna Mario 
Published: September 2022

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) without cholesteatoma, the surgical treatment of which is still controversial, is a common diagnosis in otologic practice. A retrospective analysis of 323 patients who underwent surgery for noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media in the Gruppo Otologica, Piacenza, Italy, between April 1983 and December 1993 is presented. Cases were separated Into three groups according to different surgical treatment modalities and conditions of the ears at the time of operation. Group I (n = 53) consisted of cases of CSOM treated by tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy (TLWOM). Group II (n = 28) included cases of CSOM treated by tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy (TLWM). Intact canal wall technique was used in these cases. The ears in both these groups were discharging severely at the time of surgery. Group III (n = 242) included patients whose ears were dry at the time of surgery but who had had previous recurrent episodes of suppuration and who were treated by TLWOM. At the last follow‐up, graft success rates for groups I, II, and III were 90.5%, 85.7%, and 89.2%, respectively, and mean residual gaps were 17.2 dB, 20.1 dB, and 19.4 dB, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups either on graft success rates (p > 0.05) or on final functional hearing outcome (p > 0.05). TLWM is the preferable treatment modality for most surgeons in noncholesteatomatous CSOM. Nevertheless, in our experience TLWOM yields comparable results for this group of patients. In addition, we could not find any significant difference in results of graft success and final functional hearing rates between dry and discharging ears (p > 0.05).
The effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor and live yeast cell derivative on tympanic membrane regeneration in a rat model
Authors: Goldman Steven A. , Siegfried Jill , Scoleri Paul , Aydogen L. barlas , Cass Stephen P. 
Published: September 2022

The current treatment of choice for chronic tympanic membrane perforations is surgery. Recent studies using various polypeptide growth factors to accelerate closure of tympanic membrane perforations in model systems have produced mixed results. This study evaluates the effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor (AFGF) and live yeast cell derivative (LYCD) on the rate of healing of acute tympanic membrane perforations in a rat model. Thirty‐seven rats had both ears separately randomized in a blinded fashion to receive AFGF in one of three concentrations, LYCD, or a control solution. The rats initially underwent subtotal removal of the tympanic membranes bilaterally. Solutions were applied to the randomized ears daily for 3 days, starting at the time of the surgical perforation. The ears were photographed every 3 to 8 days for 35 days. The photographs were digitally scanned and a computer analysis was used to calculate the percentage of residual perforation. No significant difference in the rate of healing was observed for ears treated with AFGF or LYCD versus the controls. Given the potential advantages of medical treatment of tympanic membrane perforations and the established efficacy of growth factors in other model systems, however, further research is warranted.
Microscopic tonsillectomy: A double‐blind randomized trial
Authors: Kujawski Oskar , Dulguerov Pavel , Gysin Claudine , Lehmann Willy 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVETo evaluate microsurgical bipolar cautery tonsillectomy (TEmic) by comparing it with traditional blunt dissection tonsillectomy (TEtrad).DESIGNA double‐blind prospective randomized trial with stratification in two age groups.PATIENTS200 consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for tonsillar hypertrophy, or recurrent or chronic tonsillitis.OUTCOME MEASURESDuration of surgery, intraoperative bleeding, daily postoperative pain and otalgia, postoperative bleeding episodes.METHODSDuration of surgery and operative bleeding were evaluated by the anesthesiologist. The patients were instructed to record daily pain and otalgia. Final postoperative evaluation was done by a different physician, blinded to the surgical technique.RESULTSMean intraoperative bleeding was 12 ml for TEmicand 36 ml for TEtrad(p< 0.001). Mean duration of surgery was 37 minutes for TEmicand 36 minutes for TEtrad(NS). Otalgia was present in 41% of TEmicpatients and 69% of TEtradpatients (p< 0.001). Daily postoperative pain was lower in the TEmicgroup than it was in the TEtradgroup for the entire study period (10 days). Postoperative hemorrhage was present in three TEmicpatients (3%) and in eight TEtradpatients (8%), a difference that did not reach significance (p> 0.1).CONCLUSION
Neurotoxic Effects of Doxycycline Sclerotherapy
Authors: Kirse Daniel J. , Stern Scott J. , Suen James Y. , Rudnicki Stacy , Roberson Paula K. , Schaefer Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

A patient experienced phrenic nerve paralysis after doxycycline sclerotherapy for treatment of chylous fistula at our institution. The purpose of this study is to use physiologic testing to determine whether doxycycline is capable of inducing defects in neural function. A nonrandomized, controlled trial was performed with nerve‐conduction studies to determine possible deleterious effects of doxycycline sclerotherapy. Thirty‐eight CD rats were used and separated into four groups. Doxycycline was applied to the sciatic nerves of rats by either topical application directly on the nerve or by intraneural injection. Nerve‐conduction studies were done before surgery and at 1,7, and 21 days after surgery. The results showed a statistically significant decrement in nerve‐conduction velocity and strength of transmitted impulse in those nerves injected with doxycycline solution. Complete nerve block was seen frequently. This effect was not seen with topical application of doxycycline or normal saline solution or with intraneural injection of normal saline solution. This study demonstrates that doxycycline can induce a marked decrement in neural function when applied to the subepineural layers of the sciatic nerve in the rat. Therefore doxycycline sclerotherapy should be used with great caution in situations in which it could become exposed to nerves that have sustained surgical trauma.
XeCl Laser Surgery of the Vocal Cords: A Histologic Comparison with CO2 Laser in a Porcine Model
Authors: Wong Brian J. F. , Si Ming‐Sing , Cho Calvin , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Neev Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Fresh cadaveric pig larynxes were ablated with a CO2 (λ = 10.6 μm) and a XeCl excimer (λ = 308 nm) laser. Histologic comparison of the ablation craters created by the two lasers was performed, and ablation crater depth and marginal tissue damage were measured. Crater depth for both laser treatments is correlated with energy deposition and exposure time. The CO2 laser creates three times more nonspecific, marginal tissue damage than the XeCl laser at the ranges of total energy and exposure times used. This study demonstrates the potential of the XeCl laser as an alternative to the CO2 laser in microlaryngeal surgery.
Social Groups Are Concrete Material Particulars
Authors: Richardson Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is natural to think that social groups are concrete material particulars, but this view faces an important objection. Suppose the chess club and nature club have the same members. Intuitively, these are different clubs even though they have a common material basis. Some philosophers take these intuitions to show that the materialist view must be abandoned. I propose an alternative explanation. Social groups are concrete material particulars, but there is a psychological explanation of nonidentity intuitions. Social groups appear coincident but nonidentical because they are perceived to be governed by conflicting social norms.
A new approach to impact case study analytics
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Watson Paul , Hodgson Barry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessed the quality of university research in the UK. 20% of the assessment was allocated according to peer review of the impact of research, reflecting the growing importance of impact in UK government policy. Beyond academia, impact is defined as a change or benefit to the economy, society, culture, public policy or services, health, the environment, or quality of life. Each institution submitted a set of four-page impact case studies. These are predominantly free-form descriptions and evidences of the impact of study. Numerous analyses of these case studies have been conducted, but they have utilised either qualitative methods or primary forms of text searching. These approaches have limitations, including the time required to manually analyse the data and the frequently inferior quality of the answers provided by applying computational analysis to unstructured, context-less free text data. This paper describes a new system to address these problems. At its core is a structured, queryable representation of the case study data. We describe the ontology design used to structure the information and how semantic web related technologies are used to store and query the data. Experiments show that this gives two significant advantages over existing techniques: improved accuracy in question answering and the capability to answer a broader range of questions, by integrating data from external sources. Then we investigate whether machine learning can predict each case study’s grade using this structured representation. The results provide accurate predictions for computer science impact case studies.
Presidential Veto in the Law-Making Process: The Case of Kenya's Amendatory Recommendations
Authors: Ochieng Walter Khobe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article contends that the interpretation of article 115 of the Constitution of Kenya as providing for amendatory recommendations as a form of presidential veto to legislative bills is a departure from the common negative veto to bills which was the form envisaged by the drafters of the Constitution. Moreover, it is argued that the interpretation that article 115 of the Constitution allows the president to make positive legislative recommendations which can only be overridden by two-thirds of members of the legislature has transformed the president into the most decisive player in the legislative process in Kenya. The overarching contention of this article is that allowing the president to make positive legislative recommendations that can only be overridden by two-thirds of members of the legislature goes against the goal of tempering presidential powers, which was one of the animating goals that informed the quest for constitutional change in Kenya.
Unilateral tonsil enlargement in children and adults: is routine histology tonsillectomy warranted? A multi-centre series of 323 patients
Authors: Edwards D , Sheehan S , Ingrams D 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to establish whether histology tonsillectomy is justified for unilateral tonsil enlargement.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of histology tonsillectomies in three health organisations over five years, with strict exclusion criteria, focusing on benign-appearing unilateral tonsil enlargement.ResultsNinety paediatric and 233 adult cases were included. No paediatric cases and five adult cases of malignancy were detected. All malignant cases presented with other symptoms. Using binary logistic regression, a history of rapid unilateral tonsil enlargement was the only factor found to be significantly associated with malignant outcome. Thirty-three per cent of subjectively larger tonsils were smaller on post-operative histological measurement. Of the cases, 12.1 per cent re-presented with post-tonsillectomy bleeding.ConclusionThe authors recommend avoiding histology tonsillectomy for unilateral tonsil enlargement unless ‘red flag’ signs of malignancy are present, with particular attention to rapid unilateral tonsil enlargement. This study demonstrated discrepancy between clinical examination findings and true tonsil asymmetry; there may be a role for cross-sectional imaging prior to histology tonsillectomy in high-risk patients.
A single-field-period quasi-isodynamic stellarator
Authors: Jorge R. , Plunk G.G. , Drevlak M. , Landreman M. , Lobsien J.-F. , Camacho Mata K. , Helander P. 
Published: September 2022

A single-field-period quasi-isodynamic stellarator configuration is presented. This configuration, which resembles a twisted strip, is obtained by the method of direct construction, that is, it is found via an expansion in the distance from the magnetic axis. Its discovery, however, relied on an additional step involving numerical optimization, performed within the space of near-axis configurations defined by a set of adjustable magnetic field parameters. This optimization, completed in 30 s on a single CPU core using the SIMSOPT code, yields a solution with excellent confinement, as measured by the conventional figure of merit for neoclassical transport, effective ripple, at a modest aspect ratio of eight. The optimization parameters that led to this configuration are described, its confinement properties are assessed and a set of magnetic field coils is found. The resulting transport at low collisionality is much smaller than that of W7-X, and the device needs significantly fewer coils because of the reduced number of field periods.
Quantum circuits generating four-qubit maximally entangled states
Authors: Bataille Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe describe quantum circuits generating four-qubit maximally entangled states, the amount of entanglement being quantified by using the absolute value of the Cayley hyperdeterminant as an entanglement monotone. More precisely we show that this type of four-qubit entangled states can be obtained by the action of a family of
$\mathtt{CNOT}$
circuits on some special states of the LU orbit of the state
$|0000\rangle$
.
Aging and the politics of monetary policy in Japan
Authors: Yamada Kyohei , Park Gene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how Japan's aging population impacts the politics of monetary policy. Previous research suggests that the elderly have a variety of distinct policy preferences. Given that elderly voters also have higher voting rates, the rapid greying of the population could have significant effects on distributive struggles over economic policy across much of the developed world. In Japan, aging is advancing rapidly, and the central bank has engaged in massive monetary stimulus to induce inflation, which existing work suggests the elderly should oppose. Analyzing results from three surveys, this paper has three central findings: (1) the elderly tend to have higher inflation aversion, (2) the elderly display some opposition to quantitative easing (QE), and (3) despite such policy preferences, the concentration of elderly in electoral districts has no significant effect on the preferences either of legislative incumbents or candidates. The third finding is attributable to the fact that elderly opposition to QE is moderated by their partisan identification. Elderly Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) voters have systematically lower opposition to QE, likely reflecting that these voters have aligned their preferences with the LDP's policies.
Coupling Machine Learning Into Hydrodynamic Models to Improve River Modeling With Complex Boundary Conditions
Authors: Huang Sheng , Xia Jun , Wang Yueling , Wang Wenyucheng , Zeng Sidong , She Dunxian , Wang Gangsheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRivers play an important role in water supply, irrigation, navigation, and ecological maintenance. Forecasting the river hydrodynamic changes is critical for flood management under climate change and intensified human activities. However, efficient and accurate river modeling is challenging, especially with complex lake boundary conditions and uncontrolled downstream boundary conditions. Here, we proposed a coupled framework by taking the advantages of interpretability of physical hydrodynamic modeling and the adaptability of machine learning. Specifically, we coupled the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with a 1‐D HydroDynamic model (GRU‐HD) and applied it to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the longest river in China. We show that the GRU‐HD model could quickly and accurately simulate the water levels, streamflow, and water exchange rates between the Yangtze River and two important lakes (Poyang and Dongting), with most of the Kling‐Gupta efficiency coefficient () above 0.90. Using machine learning‐based predicted water levels, instead of the rating curve approach, as the downstream boundary conditions could improve the accuracy of modeling the downstream water levels of the lake‐connected river system. The GRU‐HD model is dedicated to the synergy of physical modeling and machine learning, providing a powerful avenue for modeling rivers with complex boundary conditions.
Interferon-γ induces immunosuppression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by regulating programmed death ligand 1 secretion
Authors: Fu Qiuyun , Liu Xingchi , Xia Houfu , Li Yicun , Yu Zili , Liu Bing , Xiong Xuepeng , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterferon-γ (IFN-γ), a key effector molecule in anti-tumor immune response, has been well documented to correlate with the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. Of interest, however, a high level of IFN-γ has been reported in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), which is actually a type of immunologically cold cancer with few infiltrated immune cells. Investigating the functional significance of IFN-γ in SACC would help to explain such a paradoxical phenomenon. In the present study, we revealed that, compared to oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (a type of immunologically hot cancer), SACC cells were less sensitive to the growth-inhibition effect of IFN-γ. Moreover, the migration and invasion abilities of SACC cells were obviously enhanced upon IFN-γ treatment. In addition, our results revealed that exposure to IFN-γ significantly up-regulated the level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on SACC cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which subsequently induced the apoptosis of CD8+T cells through antagonizing PD-1. Importantly, it was also found that SACC patients with higher levels of plasma IFN-γ also had higher levels of circulating sEVs that carried PD-L1 on their surface. Our study unveils a mechanism that IFN-γ induces immunosuppression in SACC via sEV PD-L1, which would account for the scarce immune cell infiltration and insensitivity to immunotherapy.
Mdm1 ablation results in retinal degeneration by specific intraflagellar transport defects of photoreceptor cells
Authors: Son Youlim , Kim Soo-Jin , Kim Hwa-Young , Lee Junyeop , Kim Jae-Ryong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMouse double minute 1 (Mdm1) might be involved in the function and structure of centrioles and age-related retinal degeneration. However, the mechanism by which Mdm1 deficiency causes retinal degeneration remains unknown. We confirmed that the Mdm1 protein is localized at the connecting cilium (CC) of photoreceptor cells in the retina. The electroretinograms of 6-week-old Mdm1−/− mice revealed decreased vision, which was eventually lost, and outer segment (OS) photoreceptor degeneration was evident on postnatal day 7, with complete loss of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) observed at 35 weeks. Mdm1−/− mouse retinas showed mislocalization of opsins in the photoreceptor cells, indicating particular intraflagellar transport (IFT) defects, and entrapment of the nuclei in the ONL by microvilli of retinal pigment epithelial cells, leading to apoptosis in the ONL. These results suggest that Mdm1 ablation causes specific IFT defects, which prevents the OS from continuously replenishing new discs, resulting in retinal degeneration.
Biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate) in soil laboratory incubations assessed by stable carbon isotope labelling
Authors: Nelson Taylor F. , Baumgartner Rebekka , Jaggi Madalina , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Battagliarin Glauco , Sinkel Carsten , Künkel Andreas , Kohler Hans-Peter E. , McNeill Kristopher , Sander Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing biodegradable instead of conventional plastics in agricultural applications promises to help overcome plastic pollution of agricultural soils. However, analytical limitations impede our understanding of plastic biodegradation in soils. Utilizing stable carbon isotope (13C-)labelled poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), a synthetic polyester, we herein present an analytical approach to continuously quantify PBS mineralization to 13CO2 during soil incubations and, thereafter, to determine non-mineralized PBS-derived 13C remaining in the soil. We demonstrate extensive PBS mineralization (65 % of added 13C) and a closed mass balance on PBS−13C over 425 days of incubation. Extraction of residual PBS from soils combined with kinetic modeling of the biodegradation data and results from monomer (i.e., butanediol and succinate) mineralization experiments suggest that PBS hydrolytic breakdown controlled the overall PBS biodegradation rate. Beyond PBS biodegradation in soil, the presented methodology is broadly applicable to investigate biodegradation of other biodegradable polymers in various receiving environments.