bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Policy and Compensation in China: An Empirical Analysis of Article Eight of the Chinese Administrative License Law
Authors: Zeng James Si 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the past few years, China has implemented environmental policies that negatively affected the property interests of numerous private enterprises. This article offers the first systematic analysis of how China compensates enterprises for losses caused by the implementation of environmental laws and policies. It generates descriptive statistics on the characteristics of the compensation cases and finds that in a majority of the cases, the court allowed the government to set compensation below the value of the enterprise’s investment. Statistics also show that China offers weaker protection for private enterprises against newly adopted environmental policies compared to other types of rules or policies, allowing the government to close highly polluting enterprises with relatively low compensation. This article then offers an explanation of the courts’ approach and considers whether Chinese courts achieve an appropriate balance between property protection and policy flexibility.
New Evidence of Canthariphily:Tilloidea transversalis(Coleoptera: Cleridae) Sequestering Cantharidin FromLydus trimaculatus(Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: Molfini Marco , Stefanuto Luca , Gisondi Silvia , Gasperi Tecla , Di Giulio Andrea , Mancini Emiliano , Bologna Marco A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCantharidin (CTD) is a defensive compound autogenously and exclusively produced by two phylogenetically related beetle families: Meloidae and Oedemeridae. Although this molecule usually acts as a strong deterrent against potential predators and parasites, some arthropod species, collectively named ‘canthariphilous species’, are attracted to CTD. Some species can sequester CTD from the CTD-producing species, using it as a chemical defense against enemies. The present paper focuses on the first-ever description of canthariphilous interactions between a checkered beetle species (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and a CTD -producing species. Field observations revealed individuals of the phytophagous beetle Tilloidea transversalis (Charpentier, 1825) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) biting individuals of the blister beetle Lydus trimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Laboratory behavioral experiments followed to verify if this peculiar behavior of T. transversalis also occurs on other co-occurring species. Moreover, chemical analyses were performed to assess whether T. transversalis can sequester CTD. Our results show that T. transversalis only attacks CTD-producing species. However, while chemical analyses prove that T. transversalis can sequester CTD from the hemolymph of L. trimaculatus, some clues (based on a CTD-baited traps sampling) suggest that this beetle, contrarily to other canthariphilous species, does not appear to show a high attraction to pure synthetic CTD. Thus, other unknown signals, alone or in combination with CTD, could be implicated in triggering the canthariphilous behaviors of T. transversalis.
Occurrence, Density, and Transcriptomic Response of the LeafhopperErythroneura sudra(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) When Confronted With Different Fruit Tree Species
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Huang Xunbing , Li Hui , Chen Guangyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe leafhopper, Erythroneura sudra (Distant) is becoming a dominant insect pest, and usually can cause significant damage to fruit production in northern China. We studied the occurrence and density of E. sudra on three fruit tree species and its transcriptomic responses when it was fed on leaves of these tree species. A higher density and survival rate of E. sudra were recorded when it fed on leaves of peach (Amygdalus persica L.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) and cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl) (Rosales: Rosaceae) than on apple (Malus domestica Mill) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Also, feeding on M. domestica induced the largest variation in transcriptomic profiles in E. sudra. In total, 166 genes were differentially expressed (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated) in E. sudra when it fed on M. domestica, compared to when it fed on the other two tree species. The upregulated genes were mainly related to ‘response to oxidative stress’, ‘stress-resistance’, and ‘xenobiotic metabolic process’. The downregulated genes were mainly related to ‘structural constituent of cuticle’, ‘biosynthetic process’, and ‘development regulation’. These results suggested that M. domestica significantly changed the expression of many genes and consequently caused lower occurrence and density of E. sudra. Such information could enhance our understanding of the leafhopper–host plant relationship. Additionally, it can contribute to the improvement of current control strategies for this pest.
Concomitant brain and liver abscesses: a rare complication of acute diverticulitis
Authors: Vial Izziddine , Varghese Timothy , Sheikh Adnan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Diverticular disease is one of the most common colonic pathologies in the Western world. In the UK, ~80% of the population aged over 85 years are diagnosed with it. Most of these cases are asymptomatic. Yet, they can become problematic when the diverticula bleed, become infected (diverticulitis) or perforate. Other well-known complications of diverticular disease are acute inflammation, stenosis, fistulation and abscess formation. In this case report, we describe a delayed presentation of metastatic abscesses (liver and brain) from a prior acute diverticulitis with contained perforation and abscess formation.
Inconclusives and error rates in forensic science: a signal detection theory approach
Authors: Arkes Hal R , Koehler Jonathan J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There are times when a forensic scientist may not be comfortable drawing a firm conclusion about whether a questioned sample that appears to contain useful identifying information did or did not come from a particular known source. In such cases, the forensic scientist may call the sample pair ‘inconclusive’. We suggest that signal detection theory (SDT), which is concerned with the detection of weak signals in noisy environments, provides a useful framework for understanding the role that inconclusives play in the various feature-matching forensic sciences. SDT shows that ‘inconclusive’ is often an appropriate response depending on both the strength of the signal in the samples and the thresholds adopted by the examiner. We also argue that inconclusives should not be coded as either correct or incorrect when tabulating forensic error rates.
Capital Citizens: Disinvesting the Individual in Helena María Viramontes’sUnder the Feet of Jesus
Authors: Collins Katie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn her novel Under the Feet of Jesus (1995), Helena María Viramontes uses the bildungsroman genre to confront anxieties of bourgeois individualization in Chicana/o cultural productions. Her novel takes shape during the transitional period between the Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s to the emergence of a Mexican American middle class in the 1990s. Increasing demand for political and social recognition incited more diverse visions of American incorporation. However, the Chicana/o community’s past consolidation in working-class solidarity resulted in an aesthetic and political resistance to national inclusion. This inclusion was predicated on the development of bourgeois individualism and upward mobility through middle-class assimilation. Under the Feet of Jesus stages the conflict between Anglo-American, capitalist values of individual growth and national expansion and Chicana/o values of ethnic commitment and community through her two adolescent protagonists, Estrella and Alejo. The novel’s approach to temporality and history disinvests from the capitalist logic guiding both the bildungsroman genre and American ideals of individualism and progress.
Exposure to radon and heavy particulate pollution and incidence of brain tumors
Authors: Palmer Joshua D , Prasad Rahul N , Cioffi Gino , Kruchtko Carol , Zaorsky Nicholas G , Trifiletti Daniel M , Gondi Vinai , Brown Paul D , Perlow Haley K , Mishra Mark V , Chakravarti Arnab , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Global incidence for brain tumors varies substantially without explanation. Studies correlating radon exposure and incidence are inconclusive. Particulate pollution has been linked to increased tumor incidence. Particulates may disrupt the blood-brain barrier allowing intracranial exposure to oncogenic radon. We investigated the relationship between exposure to residential radon, particulate pollution, and brain tumor incidence in the United States (US).

Methods
County-level median radon testing results and annual air quality index values were obtained and divided into tertiles. Counties without both values were excluded. Four groups of counties were generated: high particulate/high radon (high/high), high/low, low/high, and low/low. Using incidence data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the US (provided by CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI’s SEER), annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAAIRs) by group were generated by behavior. Incidence rate ratios were calculated to examine for significant differences (α = .05). Poisson regression accounting for possible confounders was conducted.

Results
Counties with available data included 83% of the US population. High/high exposure was significantly associated with increased AAAIR of all non-malignant tumors (up to 26% higher, including most meningiomas) even after accounting for potential confounders. An increased AAAIR was noted for all malignant tumors (up to 10% higher), including glioblastoma, but was negated after accounting for demographic/socioeconomic differences.

Conclusions
We present the first report suggesting increased non-malignant brain tumor incidence in regions with high particulate and radon exposure. These findings provide insight into unexplained variation in tumor incidence. Future studies are needed to validate these findings in other populations.
Multiple Simultaneous Infections With Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the Setting of GATA2 Mutation and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Tabaja Hussam , Jensen Kelsey L , Rivera Christina G , Misra Anisha , Pruthi Rajiv K , Vergidis Paschalis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
GATA2 mutation can result in profoundly reduced monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B cells, and is associated with a predisposition for recurrent and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections and myelodysplasias. Herein, we describe a unique case of 3 simultaneous disseminated NTM infections in a patient with GATA2 mutations.
The tetratricopeptide repeat protein OsTPR075 promotes heading by regulating florigen transport in rice
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Fan , Zhou Xuan , Poh Toon Xuan , Xie Lijun , Shen Jun , Yang Lijia , Song Shiyong , Yu Hao , Chen Ying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Heading date is a vital agronomic trait that influences rice yield and adaption to local conditions. Hd3a, a proposed florigen that primarily functions under short-day (SD) conditions, is a mobile flowering signal that promotes the floral transition in rice. Nonetheless, how Hd3a is transported from leaves to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) under SDs remains elusive. Here, we report that FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN9 (OsFTIP9) specifically regulates rice flowering time under SDs by facilitating Hd3a transport from companion cells (CCs) to sieve elements (SEs). Furthermore, we show that the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein OsTPR075 interacts with both OsFTIP9 and OsFTIP1 and strengthens their respective interactions with Hd3a and the florigen RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1). This in turn affects the trafficking of Hd3a and RFT1 to the SAM, thus regulating flowering time under SDs and long-day conditions, respectively. Our findings suggest that florigen transport in rice is mediated by different OsFTIPs under different photoperiods and those interactions between OsTPR075 and OsFTIPs are essential for mediating florigen movement from leaves to the SAM.
Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snakeAmerotyphlops brongersmianus(Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Authors: Chuliver Mariana , Scanferla Agustín , Koch Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlind snakes represent the most basal group of extant snakes and include fossorial species with unusual skeletal traits. Despite their known phylogenetic position, little is known about their ontogeny and what it might reveal about the origin of their skull anatomy. Here we describe for the first time the ontogenetic transformations of the skull of a blind snake, the typhlopid Amerotyphlops brongersmianus, including embryos and postnatal individuals. Furthermore, we provide data on the size changes relative to skull growth of the main elements of the gnathic complex. We observed that the skull of this blind snake undergoes considerable morphological change during late ontogeny. Additionally, we detected delayed development of some traits (closure of the skull roof, opisthotic-exoccipital suture, ossification of the posterior trabeculae) simultaneously with clearly peramorphic traits (development of the crista circumfenestralis, growth of the pterygoid bar). Our analysis suggests that the unique skull anatomy of blind snakes displays plesiomorphic and highly autapomorphic features, as an outcome of heterochronic processes and miniaturization, and is shaped by functional constraints related to a highly specialized feeding mechanism under the selective pressures of a fossorial lifestyle.
Technologies for HIV-1 drug resistance testing: inventory and needs
Authors: Metzner Karin J. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of reviewHIV-1 drug resistance (HIV DR) testing is routinely performed by genotyping plasma viruses using Sanger population sequencing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly replacing standardized Sanger sequencing. This opens up new opportunities, but also brings challenges.Recent findingsThe number of NGS applications and protocols for HIV DR testing is increasing. All of them are noninferior to Sanger sequencing when comparing NGS-derived consensus sequences to Sanger sequencing-derived sequences. In addition, NGS enables high-throughput sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 genomes and detection of low-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, although their clinical implications need further investigation. Several groups have defined remaining challenges in implementing NGS protocols for HIV-1 resistance testing. Some of them are already being addressed. One of the most important needs is quality management and consequently, if possible, standardization.SummaryThe use of NGS technologies on HIV DR testing will allow unprecedented insights into genomic structures of virus populations that may be of immediate relevance to both clinical and research areas such as personalized antiretroviral treatment. Efforts continue to tackle the remaining challenges in NGS-based HIV DR testing.
Epidemiology of HIV drug resistance in low- and middle-income countries and WHO global strategy to monitor its emergence
Authors: Bertagnolio Silvia , Jordan Michael R. , Giron Amalia , Inzaule Seth 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarises the latest information of the epidemiology of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in low- and middle-income countries and the updated WHO global strategy for HIVDR surveillance and monitoring.

Recent findings
Finding from recent national-representative surveys show a rise in pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to reverse transcriptase inhibitors and especially to the class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Levels of PDR are especially high in infants <18 months and adults reporting prior exposure to antiretrovirals. Although viral suppression rates are generally high and increasing among adults on antiretroviral therapy, those with unsuppressed viremia have high levels of acquired drug resistance (ADR). Programmatic data on HIVDR to integrase-transfer-inhibitor resistance is scarce, highlighting the need to increase integrase-inhibitors resistance surveillance. As the landscape of HIV prevention, treatment and monitoring evolves, WHO has also adapted its strategy to effectively support countries in preventing and monitoring the emergence of HIVDR. This includes new survey methods for monitoring resistance emerging from patients diagnosed with HIV while on preexposure prophylaxis, and a laboratory-based ADR survey leveraging on remnant viral load specimens which are expected to strengthen dolutegravir-resistance surveillance.

Summary
Monitoring HIVDR remains pivotal to ensure countries attain and sustain the global goals for ending HIV as a public health threat by 2030.
Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil - emtricitabine for HIV preexposure prophylaxis in adults
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine (FTC) combination for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in adults.

Recent findings
Gastrointestinal adverse events are common after treatment initiation but usually resolve within weeks. Although clinical trials did not report an increased risk of serious renal adverse events or tubulopathy, meta-analyses suggest that tenofovir disoproxil -FTC is associated with a slight but non-clinically relevant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A decline to less than 60 mL/min remains a rare event, which mainly occurs in users with an age >50 years or a baseline creatinine clearance < 90 mL/min. Similarly, a slight reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) was observed in clinical trials, but it did not result in an increased risk of bone fracture. BMD reduction and eGFR decline tend to resolve after treatment discontinuation. No drug interaction with contraception has been reported in women and no safety signal emerged in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Summary
Oral tenofovir disoproxil-FTC for HIV PrEP appears safe and well tolerated for most individuals. This supports demedicalization strategies aiming at increasing the number of PrEP users.
Habilitative Teletherapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Survey of Parents
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Becerra-Culqui Tracy A. , Tejada Geneveve , Coleman Karen J. , Bhakta Bhumi , Knight Elizabeth A. , Gahre Teri L. , Zima Bonnie 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether service losses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were associated with worsened parent mental health or child behavioral health among families of children with autism spectrum disorder and to identify factors associated with favorable parent appraisals of habilitative teletherapy (applied behavior analysis; speech, occupational, physical therapy) for their child.

Method:
This web-based survey study was conducted from May to July 2021 with parents whose children were receiving habilitative therapy for autism from an integrated health system. A total of 322 parents responded to the survey (20% response rate). The outcome variables were pandemic-related parent mental health, pandemic-related child behavioral health, and appraisal of habilitative teletherapy. Predictors were COVID-19–related services changes in health care or child care, COVID-19 history (COVID-19 stress, testing positive for COVID-19), and child autism factors (autistic behaviors, caregiving strain).

Results:
Loss of regular child care was associated with higher odds of worsened parent mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–4.8); higher levels of caregiving strain were associated with worsened child behavioral health (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4–3.8). Higher levels of COVID-19 stress were associated with more favorable appraisals of telehealth (β = 0.4, p < 0.01), whereas higher caregiving strain scores were associated with less favorable appraisals of telehealth (β = −0.2, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
During COVID-19, caregiving factors were associated with worsened parent mental health and worsened child behavioral health, and telehealth is not preferred by all families. Policy interventions to support caregivers, such as affordable, high-quality child care and paid family leave, are a high priority.
Computed Tomography Density as a Bio-marker for Histologic Grade of Otosclerosis: A Human Temporal Bone Pathology Study
Authors: Quesnel Alicia M. , Ishai Reuven , Meehan Timothy , O’Malley Jennifer T. , Mitchell Renee , Shin Jennifer J. , Curtin Hugh D. , Nadol Joseph B. , McKenna Michael J. , Juliano Amy F. 
Published: June 2022

Hypothesis
Computed tomography (CT) density measurement can be used to objectively distinguish otosclerosis from normal bone and to determine histologic grades of otosclerosis.

Background
Otosclerosis can be seen on CT as subtle radiolucent areas. An objective radiologic measurement that corresponds to known otosclerosis pathology may improve diagnostic accuracy, and could be used as a radiologic biomarker for otosclerosis grade.

Methods
A blinded, randomized evaluation of both histologic grade on histopathology slides and CT density measurement was performed on 78 human temporal bone specimens (31 with otosclerosis and 47 controls) that had undergone high-resolution multi-detector CT before histologic processing. Assessments were performed at 11 regions of interest (ROIs) in the otic capsule for each specimen.

Results
The CT density measurement mean (Hounsfield Units) ± standard deviation for all ROIs (Nos. 1–9) was 2245 ± 854 for grade 0 (no otosclerosis, n = 711), 1896 ± 317 for grade 1 (inactive otosclerosis, n = 109), and 1632 ± 255 for grades 2 and 3 combined (mixed/active otosclerosis, n 35). There was a strong inverse correlation of CT density to histologic grade at ROIs Nos. 1–5 (ANOVA, p < 0.0001). The inter-rater reliability for CT density was very good (correlation coefficient 0.87, p < 0.05). ROC curves suggested a cut-off of 2,150HU to distinguish otosclerosis from normal bone, and 1,811HU to distinguish low grade from mixed/high grade otosclerosis.

Conclusions
In human temporal bone specimens, CT density may be used to distinguish normal bone from bone involved by otosclerosis. A higher histologic grade (i.e., indicating a more active otosclerotic focus) correlated with lower density.