bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMS 14C DATING OF SEYAKHA YEDOMA AND JANUARY AIR PALAEOTEMPERATURES FOR 25–21 CAL KA BP BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF SYNGENETIC ICE WEDGES
Authors: Vasil’chuk Yurij , Vasil’chuk Alla , Budantseva Nadine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTYedoma sediments with thick syngenetic ice wedges have been studied on the Yamal Peninsula, northwestern Siberia. The accumulation of yedoma strata occurred under alternating subaqueous-subaerial conditions, and three tiers of ice wedge were formed mainly on subaerial stages. The ice wedges and enclosing sediments were dated, revealing that the ice wedges were formed between 29 and 18 cal ka BP, while the enclosing sediments are generally older, possibly due to contamination with ancient material (especially in the central part of the yedoma). However, the termination of yedoma complex formation was dated not later than 13.5 cal ka BP. Stable oxygen-isotope data for the ice wedges indicate more severe winter climate conditions during 25–21 cal ka BP, when mean January air temperatures were at least 10°C lower that modern ones, favoring syngenetic ice wedge growth. Yedoma accumulation in the western part of northern Siberia does not support the existence here of an ice sheet during the LGM.
Being a Forestry Labourer in the Late Ottoman Empire: Debt Bondage, Migration, and Sedentarization
Authors: Akgül Başak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the survival strategies of forestry workers and craftspeople in the late Ottoman Empire. Through the example of the Tahtacı, a semi-nomadic community specialized in lumbering in the forests along the western and southern coasts of Anatolia, it visualizes the adaptation strategies of forestry labourers in the changing economic and ecological environment of the Mediterranean Basin, which became warmer, less forested, and more integrated into regional and global markets after the mid-nineteenth century. Contrary to the generally accepted view that perceives the Tahtacı as a self-isolated, authentic clan with a static way of life, this article considers them a highly adaptive community that developed a wide range of strategies to earn their livelihood under intense commercialization in forestry and agriculture.
Speculation Sentiment
Authors: Davies Shaun William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractI exploit the leveraged exchange-traded funds’ (ETFs’) primary market to measure aggregate, uninformed, gambling-like demand, that is, speculation sentiment. The leveraged ETFs’ primary market is a novel setting that provides observable arbitrage activity attributed to correcting mispricing between ETFs’ shares and their underlying assets. The arbitrage activity proxies for the magnitude and direction of speculative demand shocks and I use them to form the Speculation Sentiment Index. The measure negatively relates to contemporaneous market returns (e.g., it is bullish in down markets) and negatively predicts returns. The results are consistent with speculation sentiment causing market-wide price distortions that later reverse.
Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in northern Mexico
Authors: García J.E. , Rodriguez-Huerta F.A. , Lozano E.A. , Encina J. , Mellado M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the shedding pattern of gastrointestinal parasite eggs by a wild population of desert bighorn sheep (DBS;Ovis canadensis) in northern Mexico. Seventy-five fresh faecal samples were collected from the ground in each season within an hour after being expelled by these animals. The generalized linear mixed model showed that eggs per gram of faeces were highest in winter (577 ± 399) and lowest in summer (260 ± 198). Generalized linear models revealed thatStrongyloidesspp. predominated during most seasons with a peak in summer (85% of faecal samples analysed) and the absence of this helminth in winter.Nematodirusspp. was another helminth present in three seasons, with the presence of this nematode in 35% of the faecal samples in spring and 0% in summer. Other parasites in DBS faeces includedBunostomunspp.,Trichostrongylusspp.,Cooperiaspp.,Mecistocirrus digitatus,Haemonchus contortus,Chabertia ovinaandEimeria ovinoidalis. There were differences among seasons in the percentage of these helminths and coccidia in faecal samples for all these parasites. It was concluded that helminths egg output in DBS in a semi-arid rangeland is lowest in summer and spring and highest in autumn and winter. Furthermore, it was shown that DBS in the study site do not suffer from severe parasite burden. Therefore, this nematode parasite burden is compatible with the conservation and well-being of this particular population.
The Sufi method behind the Mughal ‘Peace with All’ religions: A study of Ibn ‘Arabi's ‘taḥqīq’ in Abu al-Fazl's preface to the Razmnāma
Authors: Pye Christian Blake 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mystical method of taḥqīq (‘realization’ or ‘verification’ of divine truth), as promoted by the Andalusian thinker Ibn ‘Arabi (d. 1240), was central to the project of managing religious difference in the Mughal empire. The key architect of deploying taḥqīq for imperial purposes was emperor Akbar's senior minister, ideologue, and spiritual devotee, Abu al-Fazl. Specifically, I analyse how the concept of taḥqīq appears in Abu al-Fazl's 1587 preface to the Razmnāma (‘Book of War’), the first translation into Persian of the Sanskrit religious epic Mahābhārata. The Mughal Razmnāma was a monumental achievement, the foremost product of Akbar's push to translate non-Islamic religious works into Persian. In its elaborate preface, Abu al-Fazl clearly outlines that this translation was an exercise in taḥqīq, made possible by a sovereign who had achieved spiritual perfection, and he calls the Mughal empire a ‘Caliphate of Taḥqīq’. As such, this study bridges two scholarly conversations which have been previously distinct. One is the renewed focus in Islamic studies on Ibn ‘Arabi's ideas, specifically on taḥqīq in the late medieval and early modern periods across the Islamic world. The other is the recent interest in Mughal historiography on ṣulḥ-i kull (Total Peace). This article positions Ibn ‘Arabi's taḥqīq within an elite Persianate intellectual milieu that carried the concept to Mughal South Asia, and it demonstrates, through an analysis of the Razmnāma's preface, that taḥqīq was politicized by Abu al-Fazl and Akbar to develop the imperial policy of managing religious difference, which came to be known as ṣulḥ-i kull.
Sulh-i kull as an oath of peace: Mughal political theology in history, theory, and comparison
Authors: Moin A. Azfar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSulh-i kull or ‘Total Peace’ with all religions was a policy introduced by the Mughal empire in South Asia in the late sixteenth century. It was a radically accommodative stance for its day, especially when compared to the intolerant manner in which other Muslim and Christian polities of the early modern world dealt with religious difference. This article introduces a new perspective on Mughal Total Peace by arguing that it was meant to solve a long-standing problem created by the monotheistic ban on oaths sworn on non-biblical deities. Such a ban restricted the ability of Muslim kings to solemnize peace treaties with their non-monotheist rivals and subjects. In the second half of the article, I examine two pre-Mughal cases, from the eleventh century (Mahmud of Ghazna) and the seventh century (the prophet Muhammad), respectively, to explore what other, less ‘total’, mechanisms were invented to suspend this ban and enable oath-taking and solemn peace-making between monotheist and non-monotheist. In effect, I use the Mughal case to highlight a specific issue that shaped political theology in Islam over the long term.
Motion planning of unmanned aerial vehicles in dynamic 3D space: a potential force approach
Authors: Garibeh Mohammad H. , Alshorman Ahmad M. , Jaradat Mohammad A. , Younes Ahmad Bani , Khaleel Maysa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on a collision-free real-time motion planning system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in complex three-dimensional (3D) dynamic environments based on generalized potential force functions. The UAV must survive in such a complex heterogeneous environment while tracking a dynamic target and avoiding multiple stationary or dynamic obstacles, especially at low hover flying conditions. The system framework consists of two parts. The first part is the target tracking part employing a generalized extended attractive potential force into 3D space. In contrast, the second part is the obstacle avoidance part employing a generalized extended repulsive potential force into 3D space. These forces depend on the relative position and relative velocity between the UAV and respective obstacles. As a result, the UAV is attracted to a moving or stationary target and repulsed away from moving or static obstacles simultaneously in 3D space. Accordingly, it changes its altitude and projected planner position concurrently. A real-time implementation for the system is conducted in the SPACE laboratory to perform motion planning in 3D space. The system performance is validated in real-time experiments using three platforms: two parrot bebop drones and one turtlebot robot. The pose information of the vehicles is estimated using six Vicon cameras during real-time flights. The demonstrated results show the motion planning system’s effectiveness. Also, we propose a successful mathematical solution of the local minima problem associated with the potential field method in both stationary and dynamic environments.
A climbing robot with paired claws inspired by gecko locomotion
Authors: Han Qingfei , Ji Aihong , Jiang Nan , Hu Jie , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimbing robots that use bionic claws can climb vertical or even inverted rough surfaces. However, wall-climbing robots with unidirectional spiny feet cannot crawl horizontally or downward on vertical rough surfaces. In this paper, a pair of gripping spiny feet is used to give a robot the capacity to crawl in any direction on a rough wall. On the basis of observations of the gecko’s method for grasping onto a vertical rough surface, a multilevel interlocking structure is proposed. A spherical contact model of the claw tip on a vertical rough surface is established, and the influences of the contact angle, friction coefficient, and other factors on the grappling claw action are analyzed. Moreover, the optimal structure of the grappling claws is proposed. The force during the grasping and detachment of the mechanism and the influence of the number of feet on grasping performance are determined through experiments. Furthermore, a six-legged wall-climbing robot is designed and evaluated in terms of crawling on a vertical rough surface at various angles. The feasibility of using an opposed gripping mechanism to allow a robot to crawl in any direction on a vertical rough surface is also verified.
Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Basu Debasish , Ghosh Abhishek , Naskar Chandrima , Balachander Srinivas , Fernandes Gwen , Vaidya Nilakshi , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Krishna Murali , Barker Gareth J. , Sharma Eesha , Murthy Pratima , Holla Bharath , Jain Sanjeev , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Kalyanram Kartik , Purushottam Meera , Bharath Rose Dawn , Varghese Mathew , Thennarasu Kandavel , Chakrabarti Amit , Singh Rajkumar Lenin , Singh Roshan Lourembam , Nanjayya Subodh Bhagyalakshmi , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Kartik Kamakshi , Krishnaveni Ghattu , Kuriyan Rebecca , Kurpad Sunita Simon , Desrivieres Sylvane , Iyengar Udita , Zhang Yuning , Hickman Matthew , Spiers Alex , Toledano Mireille , Schumann Gunter , Benegal Vivek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopmental adversities early in life are associated with later psychopathology. Clustering may be a useful approach to group multiple diverse risks together and study their relation with psychopathology. To generate risk clusters of children, adolescents, and young adults, based on adverse environmental exposure and developmental characteristics, and to examine the association of risk clusters with manifest psychopathology. Participants (n = 8300) between 6 and 23 years were recruited from seven sites in India. We administered questionnaires to elicit history of previous exposure to adverse childhood environments, family history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives, and a range of antenatal and postnatal adversities. We used these variables to generate risk clusters. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-5 was administered to evaluate manifest psychopathology. Two-step cluster analysis revealed two clusters designated as high-risk cluster (HRC) and low-risk cluster (LRC), comprising 4197 (50.5%) and 4103 (49.5%) participants, respectively. HRC had higher frequencies of family history of mental illness, antenatal and neonatal risk factors, developmental delays, history of migration, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences than LRC. There were significantly higher risks of any psychiatric disorder [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.3], externalizing (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.6–6.4) and internalizing disorders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.2–2.9), and suicidality (2.3, 95% CI 1.8–2.8) in HRC. Social-environmental and developmental factors could classify Indian children, adolescents and young adults into homogeneous clusters at high or low risk of psychopathology. These biopsychosocial determinants of mental health may have practice, policy and research implications for people in low- and middle-income countries.
The ‘Church of Islam’: esotericism, Orientalism, and religious origin myths in colonial South Asia
Authors: Pruss Maria-Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the construction of religious origin myths for Islam within ‘universal religion’ and esoteric frameworks in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century South Asia and beyond, and sheds light on the role of ‘Western’ and Anglo-Indian converts in this process. At its core is a case study of the elusive Hamid Snow, founder of the so-called ‘Church of Islam’ in 1891 in Sikanderabad, Deccan. On the following pages, I reconstruct Snow's biography from little-known Urdu and English sources, analyse his writings, and place him within a context of religious modernist, esoteric, and convert networks encompassing South Asia, Europe, the United States, the Philippines, and other parts of the world. By focusing on the nature of the scholarship of religion at the time, and the reconstruction of religious pasts under the influence of esotericism and religious modernism, the article traces the influence of Orientalist and Eurocentric views on perceptions of the Islamic tradition and contributes to larger debates about the role of laypeople, especially those with an interracial background, in interpreting religious history and acting as cultural mediators between different communities during a time of ‘hybrid transnational occultism’.1
Where will they be: hidden implications of solutions to the Fermi paradox
Authors: Döbler Niklas Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolutions to the Fermi paradox either deny the existence of extraterrestrials or offer alternative reasons to explain the non-occurrence of a first contact. While the latter, more optimistic approaches generally assume the existence of extraterrestrials, they simultaneously hint to limited future detectability. If solutions to the Fermi paradox are accepted as true, they must be evaluated in terms of how they affect the likelihood of success of future SETI efforts. Some solutions may lead to the so-called Fermi constraint: in order to explain why there has not been any contact so far, optimistic solutions to the Fermi paradox have to accept assumptions that, if the solution is assumed to be correct, indicate a very low probability of future contact. In other words: they are not here, and that is why they may never appear.
Intraseasonal, Annual, and Interannual Variabilities of Subsurface Currents at 4.7°N in the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhang Zhixiang , Wang Jianing , Wang Fan , Ma Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrong multi‐timescale variabilities of subsurface zonal velocity over 300–600 m depth are observed beneath the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) by the mooring observation at 4.7°N, 140°E during 2014–2018. The observed subsurface velocity shows peaks at intraseasonal, semiannual, and annual periods, and is interconnected with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle at a nearly zero lag. Aided by a reanalysis product, we reveal mechanisms for the above variabilities. Forced by wind stress curl over 150°–155°E and 160°–170°E along 4.7°N, the vertical propagation of the third meridional mode long Rossby waves is primarily responsible for the observed semiannual and annual cycles, respectively. The subsurface intraseasonal variability with peak periods of 50‐ and 80‐day are induced by short Rossby waves with the southeastward and downward group velocity. Such waves interconnect observed 50‐ and 80‐day ISV of the subsurface current to that of surface currents at 8°N, 128°–130°E and 6.5°N, 132°–134°E, respectively. The ENSO variability results mainly from the interannual change of the winds that force the long Rossby waves. The wind forcing leads the Niño 3.4 index and the subsurface velocity by a similar time, resulting in the subsurface instantaneous response to ENSO.
Responses of Soil Nitrous Oxide Emission to Nitrogen Addition at Two Topographic Positions of a Subtropical Forest
Authors: Duan Pengpeng , Wang Daobo , Xiao Kongcao , Zheng Liang , Chen Hao , Wang Kelin , Li Dejun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTopography can influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emission via its influences on soil nutrient availability, moisture, and microbial communities. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether topography modulates the responses of soil N2O emissions to elevated N deposition. Here the N addition experiment was conducted in the valley and on the slope of a subtropical karst forest in southwest China. Nitrogen was applied as NH4NO3 in two levels, that is, 50 (moderate N) and 100 (high N) kg N ha−1 yr−1 with no N addition plots as the control. Nitrogen addition consistently increased N2O emission in the valley, but only high N addition significantly increased N2O emission on the slope in 2017. The cumulative N2O fluxes across the 3 years were 1.16 ± 0.24 kg N ha−1 in the valley and 1.50 ± 0.06 kg N ha−1 on the slope under the control. Nitrogen addition stimulated N2O emission by 88.7%–113.3% in the valley due to increased ammonium, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon availabilities and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA abundance. High N addition stimulated N2O emission by 84.3% on the slope owing to increased nitrate and carbon availabilities, AOB amoA, and nirK abundances. The stimulation of N2O emission by moderate N addition was more pronounced in the valley than on the slope largely owing to the lower N status in the valley. This work highlights the importance of N status in regulating the responses of soil N2O emissions to elevated N deposition.
How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non‐Orthogonality, Length & Separation
Authors: Arada Gerald Pacaba , Wu Yue Ivan , Wong Kainam Thomas , Tam Wai‐Yip , Khan Salman , Fulton Caleb J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo model the electromagnetic mutual impedance between a pair of “crossed dipoles” (a.k.a. “cross dipoles”) whose relative orientation is skewed (i.e., not perpendicular), this paper advances a new modeling approach – the “phenomenological” or “behavioral” approach. This new approach leads to simple models of the mutual impedance, as closed‐form expressions parameterized explicitly by the dipoles' (a) skew angle, (b) separation, and (c) common length. This mathematical simplicity is unprecedented in prior models. These models' usefulness is illustrated, using direction finding as an example.
Surrogate Global Optimization for Identifying Cost‐Effective Green Infrastructure for Urban Flood Control With a Computationally Expensive Inundation Model
Authors: Lu Wei , Xia Wei , Shoemaker Christine A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptimization algorithms and urban inundation models are powerful tools to identify cost‐effective designs of urban green infrastructures such as low‐impact developments (LIDs). Most previous LID design optimization studies are based on one‐dimensional (1D) inundation models, which cannot provide spatial information of flooding. The LID design optimization on two‐dimensional (2D) models or coupled 1D‐2D models was rarely explored due to the expensive computing time. This work investigates the effectiveness of surrogate optimization methods for LID design, which have not been used for the LID design problems. We propose a general LID design optimization framework that searches the optimal LID configurations based on both the spatial flood damage under a series of probable flood events and the life cycle costs (LCCs) of LID. We demonstrate the framework using a case study for an urban catchment with 55 sub‐catchments and 103 LID decision variables. We tested two different surrogate optimization methods designed for high‐dimensional problems: DYnamic COordinate search using Response Surface models (DYCORS) and Trust Region Bayesian Optimization (TuRBO), and one popular non‐surrogate method particle swarm (PSO). The result indicates that: (a) DYCORS is a promising method (significantly faster than TuRBO and PSO) for identifying the optimal LID design to minimize the flood damage cost and LID LCC; (b) Optimized LID design could reduce damage cost by as much as $12.14 million for the urban catchment after eliminating its own LCC compared with no LID implementation; (c) LID is effective in reducing the imperviousness of lands in urban areas.
Identification of the receptor of oncolytic virus M1 as a therapeutic predictor for multiple solid tumors
Authors: Song Deli , Jia Xudong , Liu Xincheng , Hu Linyi , Lin Kaiying , Xiao Tong , Qiao Yangyang , Zhang Jiayu , Dan Jia , Wong Chunwa , Hu Cheng , Sai Ke , Gong Shoufang , Sander Max , Shen Runling , Chen Xiaoyu , Xiao Xiaoting , Chen Jiehong , Zhang Yanming , Wei Cailv , Xiao Xiao , Liang Jiankai , Zhang Qinfen , Hu Jun , Zhu Wenbo , Yan Guangmei , Lin Yuan , Cai Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has shown its promising potential in tumor treatment. The fact that not every patient can benefit from it highlights the importance for defining biomarkers that help predict patients’ responses. As particular self-amplifying biotherapeutics, the anti-tumor effects of OVs are highly dependent on the host factors for viral infection and replication. By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found matrix remodeling associated 8 (MXRA8) is positively correlated with the oncolysis induced by oncolytic virus M1 (OVM). Consistently, MXRA8 promotes the oncolytic efficacy of OVM in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the interaction of MXRA8 and OVM studied by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) showed that MXRA8 directly binds to this virus. Therefore, MXRA8 acts as the entry receptor of OVM. Pan-cancer analysis showed that MXRA8 is abundant in most solid tumors and is highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal ones. Further study in cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumor tissues revealed that the tumor selectivity of OVM is predominantly determined by a combinational effect of the cell membrane receptor MXRA8 and the intracellular factor, zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Taken together, our study may provide a novel dual-biomarker for precision medicine in OVM therapy.