bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Source Region and Generation Mechanism of Oblique Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Kang Ning , Ke Yangguang , Ma Jiuqi , Tsurutani Bruce , Chen Rui , Chen Huayue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOblique whistler‐mode waves are as important as quasi‐parallel waves in regulating electron dynamics in radiation belts. However, their generation mechanism and corresponding source region are still under debate. By analyzing nearly 7‐year Van Allen Probe‐A data, we have thoroughly investigated lower‐band (<0.5) and upper‐band (>0.5) oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. We found the majority of poleward propagating oblique waves preferentially occur at relatively larger magnetic latitudes (MLATs), and their favored MLATs are strongly dependent on magnetic local time. Combined with ray tracing simulation results, it is proposed that parallel waves generated at the equator propagate toward poles and turn oblique to the ambient magnetic field, leading to oblique waves detected at large |MLAT|. This propagation effect is the main cause of oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. There also exist some equatorward propagating oblique waves, which are mainly confined within around midnight and considered to be locally excited. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the generation and distribution of oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Evidence of genetic overlap and causal relationships between blood-based biochemical traits and human cortical anatomy
Authors: Kiltschewskij Dylan J. , Reay William R. , Cairns Murray J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia are commonly associated with structural brain alterations affecting the cortex. Recent genetic evidence suggests circulating metabolites and other biochemical traits play a causal role in many psychiatric disorders which could be mediated by changes in the cerebral cortex. Here, we leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study data to explore shared genetic architecture and evidence for causal relationships between a panel of 50 biochemical traits and measures of cortical thickness and surface area. Linkage disequilibrium score regression identified 191 genetically correlated biochemical-cortical trait pairings, with consistent representation of blood cell counts and other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin and calcium. Spatially organised patterns of genetic correlation were additionally uncovered upon clustering of region-specific correlation profiles. Interestingly, by employing latent causal variable models, we found strong evidence suggesting CRP and vitamin D exert causal effects on region-specific cortical thickness, with univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization further supporting a negative causal relationship between serum CRP levels and thickness of the lingual region. Our findings suggest a subset of biochemical traits exhibit shared genetic architecture and potentially causal relationships with cortical structure in functionally distinct regions, which may contribute to alteration of cortical structure in psychiatric disorders.
Microglia involvement in sex-dependent behaviors and schizophrenia occurrence in offspring with maternal dexamethasone exposure
Authors: Rim Chan , Park Hyun-Sun , You Min-Jung , Yang Bohyun , Kim Hui-Ju , Sung Soyoung , Kwon Min-Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFetal microglia that are particularly sensitive cells to the changes in utero environment might be involved in the sex-biased onset and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To address this issue, we administered a 50 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) to dams subcutaneously from gestational days 16 to 18 and a series of behavioral assessments were performed in the offspring. Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (PN-DEX) induced schizophrenia (SCZ)-relevant behaviors in male mice and depressive-like behavior in female mice. SCZ-relevant behavioral patterns occurred in 10-week-old (10 W) male mice but not in 4-week-old (4 W) male mice. Microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the striatum (STR) of 10 W males prenatally treated with dexamethasone (10 W PN-DEX-M) showed hyper-ramified morphology and dramatically reduced spine density in mPFC. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that microglia in the mPFC of the 10 W PN-DEX-M group interacted with pre-synaptic Bassoon and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) puncta. PN-DEX-M also showed significantly changed dopamine system proteins. However, a testosterone surge during adolescence was not a trigger on SCZ-relevant behavior occurrence in 10 W PN-DEX-M. Furthermore, females prenatally treated with dexamethasone (PN-DEX-F) displayed depressive-like behavior, in addition to HPA-axis activation and inflammatory microglial phenotypes in their hippocampus (HPC). We propose that altered microglial function, such as increased synaptic pruning, may be involved in the occurrence of SCZ-relevant behavior in PN-DEX-M and sex-biased abnormal behavior in the PN-DEX model.
Propranolol blocks osteosarcoma cell cycle progression, inhibits angiogenesis and slows xenograft growth in combination with cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: Solernó Luisina M. , Sobol Natasha T. , Gottardo María F. , Capobianco Carla S. , Ferrero Maximiliano R. , Vásquez Liliana , Alonso Daniel F. , Garona Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma is still associated with limited response to standard-of-care therapy and alarmingly elevated mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite multiple efforts to repurpose β-blocker propranolol in oncology, its potential application in osteosarcoma management remains largely unexplored. Considering the unsatisfied clinical needs of this aggressive disease, we evaluated the antitumoral activity of propranolol using different in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma preclinical models, alone or in addition to chemotherapy. Propranolol significantly impaired cellular growth in β2-adrenergic receptor-expressing MG-63 and U-2OS cells, and was capable of blocking growth-stimulating effects triggered by catecholamines. siRNA-mediated ADRB2 knockdown in MG-63 cells was associated with decreased cell survival and a significant attenuation of PPN anti-osteosarcoma activity. Direct cytostatic effects of propranolol were independent of apoptosis induction and were associated with reduced mitosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and a significant down-regulation of cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Moreover, colony formation, 3D spheroid growth, cell chemotaxis and capillary-like tube formation were drastically impaired after propranolol treatment. Interestingly, anti-migratory activity of β-blocker was associated with altered actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In vivo, propranolol treatment (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) reduced the early angiogenic response triggered by MG-63 cells in nude mice. Synergistic effects were observed in vitro after combining propranolol with chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Sustained administration of propranolol (10 mg/kg/day i.p., five days a week), alone and especially in addition to low-dose metronomic cisplatin (2 mg/kg/day i.p., three times a week), markedly reduced xenograft progression. After histological analysis, propranolol and cisplatin combination resulted in low tumor mitotic index and increased tumor necrosis. β-blockade using propranolol seems to be an achievable and cost-effective therapeutic approach to modulate osteosarcoma aggressiveness. Further translational studies of propranolol repurposing in osteosarcoma are warranted.
Evaluation of genetic gains of some quantitative characters in Egyptian cotton cross (Giza 86 × Menoufi) under water deficit stress
Authors: Abd EL-Aty Mohamed S. , Al-Ameer Mohamed A. , Kamara Mohamed M. , Elmoghazy Mohamed M. , Ibrahim Omar M. , AL-Farga Ammar , El-Tahan Amira M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work was carried out to select cotton genotypes adapted to semi-arid climate conditions cultivated under irrigation for high yields and the standards of the fiber quality properties required by the textile industry. Also to determine the predicted and realized gains from different selection indices to improve some economic characters under water stress conditions. Except for lint percentage and Pressley index, F4 generation reduced PCV and GCV values for all studied characters due to reduction in genetic variability and heterozygosity due to different selection procedures that exhausted a significant part of variability. Except for fiber length and micronaire reading, mean performance in the F4 generation was revealed to be higher than those in the F3 generation for all studied characters. However, micronaire reading was lower (desirable) in F4 than F3 generation. Generally, genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations. Direct selection for lint index (Ped.3) was the most efficient in improving lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant. However, the multiplicative index involving all studied characters (I.5) exhibited the highest values for boll weight. Also, the Ped.2 index (direct selection for lint percentage) proved to be the most efficient in improving seed and lint indexes. Direct selection for lint cotton yield/plant (Ped.1) could produce the highest desirable values for lint percentage and seed per boll with a relatively reasonable yield. A selection index involving yield and its components (I.3) is recommended in improving uniformity index, fiber strength, and micronaire reading. The superior five families released from these indices in F4 generation exceeded the better parent for lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant, boll weight, seeds/boll, lint index, and reasonable fiber traits. These families could be continued to further generations as breeding material for developing water deficit tolerant genotypes.
Genomic revolution of US weedy rice in response to 21st century agricultural technologies
Authors: Wedger Marshall J. , Roma-Burgos Nilda , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWeedy rice is a close relative of cultivated rice that devastates rice productivity worldwide. In the southern United States, two distinct strains have been historically predominant, but the 21st century introduction of hybrid rice and herbicide resistant rice technologies has dramatically altered the weedy rice selective landscape. Here, we use whole-genome sequences of 48 contemporary weedy rice accessions to investigate the genomic consequences of crop-weed hybridization and selection for herbicide resistance. We find that population dynamics have shifted such that most contemporary weeds are now crop-weed hybrid derivatives, and that their genomes have subsequently evolved to be more like their weedy ancestors. Haplotype analysis reveals extensive adaptive introgression of cultivated alleles at the resistance gene ALS, but also uncovers evidence for convergent molecular evolution in accessions with no signs of hybrid origin. The results of this study suggest a new era of weedy rice evolution in the United States.
Asymmetric α-spirocyclopropanation of oxindoles and benzofuranones via dynamic kinetic resolution
Authors: Hu Yang , Yuan Jie , Li Zheyao , Zhao Lin , Zhao Jianhong , Yu Xinhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChiral benzo five-membered heterocyclic spirocyclopropanes are an important class of parent core structures with pharmacological activity. A novel organocatalytic one-pot cascade ether oxidation iminium-ion activation strategy for the asymmetric spirocyclopropylation of benzofuran-2-ones and indolin-2-ones from allyl tert-butyl ethers/ pent-2,4-dienyl ethyl ethers with excellent enantioselectivity (ee% up to > 99) and diastereoselectivity(dr.% up to 91:9) has been developed. This process involves the successful dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic 3-bromobenzofuran-2-ones or 3-bromoindolin-2-ones. Its synthetic application will provide a new aminocatalytic cascade tool for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules.
Targeted land management strategies could halve peatland fire occurrences in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Horton Alexander J. , Lehtinen Jaakko , Kummu Matti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndonesian peatlands and their large carbon stores are under threat from recurrent large-scale fires driven by anthropogenic ecosystem degradation. Although the key drivers of peatland fires are known, a holistic methodology for assessing the potential of fire mitigation strategies is lacking. Here, we use machine learning (convolutional neural network) to develop a model capable of recreating historic fire observations based on pre-fire season parameters. Using this model, we test multiple land management and peatland restoration scenarios and quantify the associated potential for fire reduction. We estimate that converting heavily degraded swamp shrubland areas to swamp forest or plantations can reduce fires occurrence by approximately 40% or 55%, respectively. Blocking all but major canals to restore these degraded areas to swamp forest may reduce fire occurrence by 70%. Our findings suggest that effective land management strategies can influence fire regimes and substantially reduce carbon emissions associated with peatland fires, in addition to enabling sustainable management of these important ecosystems.
Globally stable proportional‐integral‐derivative control for spacecraft pose tracking via dual quaternions
Authors: Peng Xuan , Gong Yupeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the high reliability and simple adjustment, proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control is widely used in practical systems. However, intrinsic non‐linearity of the pose dynamics hinders the design of a PID pose controller. Besides, topological constraints on the rigid body configuration space SE(3) prevent a continuous or a memoryless discontinuous state feedback control from achieving robust global stability. For these two issues, this paper develops a dual quaternion‐based hybrid PID pose tracking control strategy, where the newly introduced integral term can compensate for constant disturbances, and the hysteretic switching‐based hybrid feedback can avoid both unwinding phenomenon and noise sensitivity caused by the topological constraints. In addition, by adjusting the hysteresis width, the proposed hybrid PID controller can also become a continuous or a discontinuous PID controller. The global asymptotic stability in the presence of constant disturbance forces and torques, and robustness to measurement noises are proven by the hybrid system stability theory. Numerical simulations for an earth‐orbiting spacecraft pose tracking mission are conducted to illustrate and compare the performances of the proposed hybrid, continuous and discontinuous PID pose tracking control laws.
Efficiently combining α CenA multi-epoch high-contrast imaging data
Authors: Le Coroller H. , Nowak M. , Wagner K. , Kasper M. , Chauvin G. , Desgrange C. , Conseil S. , Jakob G. , Käufl U. , Leveratto S. , Pantin E. , Siebenmorgen R. , Arsenault R. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Keplerian-Stacker is an algorithm capable of combining multiple observations acquired at different epochs by taking into account the orbital motion of a potential planet present in the images to boost the ultimate detection limit. In 2019, a total of 100 h of observation was allocated to Very Large Telescope (VLT) Spectrometer and Imager for the mid-infrared (VISIR) instrument for the New Earths in the α Centauri Region (NEAR) survey, a collaboration between European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Breakthrough Initiatives, to search for low mass planets in the habitable zone of the α Cen AB binary system. A weak signal (S/N ~ 3) was reported around α Cen A, at a separation of ≃ 1.1 au, corresponding to the habitable zone.
Aims. Our study is aimed at determining whether K-Stacker is also capable of detecting the low-mass planet candidate with similar orbital parameters, which was previously found by the NEAR team. We also aim to search for additional potential candidates around a Cen A by utilizing the orbital motion to boost the signal and by generally placing stronger constraints on the presence of other planets in the system.
Methods. We re-analysed the NEAR data using K-Stacker. This algorithm is a brute-force method that is equipped to find planets in observational time series and to constrain their orbital parameters, even if they have remained undetected in a single epoch.
Results. We scanned a total of about 3.5 × 105 independent orbits, among which close to 15% correspond to fast-moving orbits on which planets cannot be detected without taking into account the orbital motion. We found only a single planet candidate that matches the C1 detection reported in Wagner et al. (2021, Nat. Commun., 12, 922). However, since this constitutes a re-analysis of the same data set, more observations will be necessary to confirm that C1 is indeed a planet and not a disk or other data artifact. Despite the significant amount of time spent on this target, the orbit of this candidate remains poorly constrained due to these observations being closely distributed across 34 days. We argue that future single-target deep surveys would benefit from a K-Stacker based strategy, where the observations would be split over a significant part of the expected orbital period to better constrain the orbital parameters.
Conclusions. This application of K-Stacker to high-contrast imaging data in the mid-infrared demonstrates the capability of this algorithm in aiding the search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of the nearest stars with future instruments of the E-ELT, such as METIS.
Analysis of fully discrete finite element methods for 2D Navier–Stokes equations with critical initial data
Authors: Li Buyang , Ma Shu , Ueda Yuki 
Published: September 2022

First-order convergence in time and space is proved for a fully discrete semi-implicit finite element method for the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with L2 initial data in convex polygonal domains, without extra regularity assumptions or grid-ratio conditions. The proof utilises the smoothing properties of the Navier–Stokes equations in the analysis of the consistency errors, an appropriate duality argument, and the smallness of the numerical solution in the discrete L2(0, tm; H1) norm when tm is smaller than some constant. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
Potenziell unangemessene Medikamente (PIM) für ältere
Patienten: Wie werden pflanzliche Arzneimittel beurteilt?
Authors: Kraft Karin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBestimmte Arzneistoffe und Arzneistoffklassen sind potenziell bei älteren
Patienten unangemessen (PIM), insbesondere wegen ihres Nebenwirkungsspektrums.
Sie sollten deswegen abgesetzt und gegebenenfalls ausgetauscht werden. Zur
Unterstützung des oft komplexen Entscheidungsprozesses wurden in vielen
Ländern seit 25 Jahren PIM-Listen entwickelt. In diesem Artikel werden
für Deutschland bzw. den europäischen Raum zur Verfügung
stehende PIM-Listen einschließlich ihres Entwicklungsprozesses und
hinsichtlich enthaltener Aussagen zu Phytotherapie vorgestellt.
Utility of Indocyanine Green Angiography for Preventing Pre-expanded Extended Lower Trapezius Myocutaneous Flap Necrosis: How to Make the Correct Decision for Hypoperfused Areas
Authors: Wang Miao , Zang Mengqing , Zhu Shan , Chen Bo , Li Shanshan , Han Tinglu , Chen Zixiang , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Designing a skin flap that perfectly covers the anatomical and dynamic territories is challenging. Tissues capturing territories beyond may be insufficiently perfused, and these hypoperfused areas can lead to partial flap necrosis. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is an effective tool for identifying hypoperfused areas. This retrospective study proposes a standardized strategy for managing the hypoperfused areas identified by ICGA in pre-expanded extended lower trapezius myocutaneous (e-LTMC) flaps.
Methods Patients who underwent pre-expanded e-LTMC flap surgery with perfusion assessment using ICGA between June 2016 and January 2022 were identified. A standardized protocol was applied, and patients were divided into four groups according to different management options for hypoperfused areas detected by ICGA. Preoperative and operative variables of interest and postoperative outcomes, including flap necrosis and flap survival length, were collected and analyzed.
Results Sixty-nine flaps were included in the study. No total flap necrosis was observed. Partial necrosis occurred in 10 flaps. Significant differences were observed in the incidence of full-thickness necrosis between the management groups. The incidence of flap necrosis in cases where management relied on ICGA findings was significantly lower than that of cases where management did not rely on ICGA findings. There were no differences in the relative survival length of the flap between cases with and without intervention for the hypoperfused areas.
Conclusion The proposed standard strategy effectively reduced the necrosis rate of the pre-expanded e-LTMC flap, thus it is sensible to act on the ICGA findings. Prophylactic resection of the hypoperfused area should be recommended. Where resection may lead to poor reconstructive outcomes, flap trimming or a second flap should be the preferred option.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Presentations with Mushroom Poisoning: A Report from Turkey
Authors: Özdemir Serdar , Altunok İbrahim , Özkan Abuzer , Algın Abdullah , Akça Hatice Şeyma , Aksel Gökhan , Eroğlu Serkan Emre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground In this study, we investigated the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency department admissions with mushroom poisoning in a tertiary hospital in Turkey.Materials and Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the data of patients admitted to the emergency department between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. The patients diagnosed with the International Classification of Diseases-10 code T62.0 concerning the toxic effect of ingested mushrooms were identified through the computerized medical and laboratory record system of the hospital. The patients' demographic data, presentation seasons, laboratory findings, emergency department outcomes, and mortality due to mushroom poisoning were obtained. To reveal the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department presentations with mushroom poisoning, the means of the pre-pandemic period (2018–2019) and the pandemic period (2020) were compared.Results The data of a total of 171 patients were included in the final analysis. The number of patients diagnosed with the toxic effect of ingested mushrooms was 96 in 2018, 61 in 2019, and 14 in 2020. There was a 5.6-fold decrease during pandemic period in the number of patients presenting to the emergency department with mushroom poisoning.Conclusion The decrease in mushroom poisoning cases may be related to the changes in the eating habits of individuals during the pandemic and our study being conducted in a metropolitan city. We recommend that multicenter studies be performed to verify the data obtained from our study and increase their generalizability.