bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of amine functionalized silica by the one-step in spray drying system
Authors: Ajiz Hendrix Abdul , Widiyastuti W. , Nurtono Tantular , Setyawan Heru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Amine functionalized silica has been successfully prepared using a direct co-condensation method in spray-assisted with sodium silicate as silica source and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) as amine source. This study aims to synthesize amine grafted silica in one step process which includes particle formation and surface modification. Silica-amine nanofluids were prepared in stable colloidal phase as precursor solution for spray drying system. Amine sourced from APTS was condensed separately with silica nanofluids. The process of controlling the condensation rate of APTS can prevent the occurrence of silica precipitates in the precursor. The silica-amine precursor solution was then processed by spray drying at a temperature of 200°C. Silica particles that have been modified by amine groups were characterized using FT-IR, TG-DTA, and Adsorption-desorption N2. The silica-amine showed the presence of an amine group that was successfully grafted. This is indicated by the presence of characteristic amine peaks on FT-IR and mass changes due to amine decomposition in TG-DTA. The number of amines that were successfully grafted was 0.5 mmol/g sample. The washing of amine-modified silica particles with ethanol showed that the type of bond that occurred between silica and the amine functional group was a physical bond. The surface area of amine-modified silica is 169 m2/g with the pore size distribution in the micro-mesopore regime. The average pore size of amine-modified silica was 0.1288 nm.
Effect of bubble size on the rising behavior in pure water medium
Authors: Rosikhin Ahmad , Sulistio Eko , Sofia Dedeh R. , Faizal Ferry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of rising bubbles in pure water is an important aspect of the bubble and liquid interactions. Due to several forces that act on the bubble accompanied by the pressures inside and outside the bubble, the rising bubble behaviour may vary depending on a few parameters such as the characteristics of the bubble and liquid medium. In general, the bubble increase occurs following the drag motion determined by the bubble drag coefficient but under certain conditions bubble also may move by a rolling pattern. Both drag and rolling are related to other forces that worked on the bubble, particularly the buoyancy force. The velocity of them may be different due to the mechanism types of motions. Rolling motion can be assumed does not occur for a very small bubble so there is only a relation between size and velocity. Several observations of bubble sizes have shown that for a very small bubble there is a linear relationship between size and rising velocity. Meanwhile, for a larger bubble, the rising velocity becomes faster almost seems an exponential relation. The increase of the bubble size results in a higher buoyancy force so that the bubbles rise more easily to reach the water surface. This paper aimed to prove that the small bubble will show linear relation of the rising velocity depending on the size. Our experimental observation has shown that the linearity of velocity only occurred for a very small bubble. This linearity gradient becomes quite important for predicting the rising pattern of other various bubble sizes.
The horizontal profile of the atmospheric electric fields as measured during thunderstorms by the network of NaI spectrometers located on the slopes of Mt. Aragats
Authors: Chilingarian A. , Hovsepyan G. , Karapetyan T. , Kozliner L. , Chilingaryan S. , Pokhsraryan D. , Sargsyan B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The shape and evolution of the energy spectra of the
thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) electrons and gamma rays shed
light on the origin of TGEs, on the relationship between
modification of the cosmic ray electron energy spectra (MOS) and
relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) processes, on the
energy of the seed electrons, and on the strength and elongation of
an atmospheric electric field. The network of large NaI
spectrometers on slopes of Mt. Aragats 24/7 monitored secondary
particle fluxes from 2013 until now, highly contributed to the
understanding of the ways how RREAs are developed in the
atmosphere. In 2022 we enlarge the NaI network with 2 remote
detectors located at altitudes 2000 and 1700 m, and 13 and 16 km
apart from the Aragats station to investigate the horizontal profile
of the atmospheric electric field. We found, that the previously
estimated values of the regions in the atmosphere, where RREA
emerges, were highly underestimated. In the present report, we
describe the NaI particle detector's network and present the first
results of the experiment demonstrating that the particle fluxes
from the atmospheric electron accelerators can cover large areas on
the earth's (up to tens of km2).
Post-hoc regularisation of unfolded cross-section measurements
Authors: Koch Lukas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neutrino cross-section measurements are often presented as
unfolded binned distributions in “true” variables. The
ill-posedness of the unfolding problem can lead to results with
strong anti-correlations and fluctuations between bins, which make
comparisons to theoretical models in plots difficult. To alleviate
this problem, one can introduce regularisation terms in the
unfolding procedure. These suppress the anti-correlations in the
result, at the cost of introducing some bias towards the expected
shape of the data.
This paper discusses a method using simple linear algebra, which
makes it is possible to regularise any result that is presented as a
central value and a covariance matrix. This “post-hoc”
regularisation is generally much faster than repeating the unfolding
method with different regularisation terms. The method also yields
a regularisation matrix which connects the regularised to the
unregularised result, and can be used to retain the full statistical
power of the unregularised result when publishing a nicer looking
regularised result.
In addition to the regularisation method, this paper also presents
some thoughts on the presentation of correlated data in general.
When using the proposed method, the bias of the regularisation can
be understood as a data visualisation problem rather than a
statistical one. The strength of the regularisation can be chosen
by minimising the difference between the implicitly uncorrelated
distribution shown in the plots and the actual distribution
described by the unregularised central value and covariance.
Aside from minimising the difference between the shown and the
actual result, additional information can be provided by showing the
local log-likelihood gradient of the models shown in the plots.
This adds more information about where the model is “pulled” by
the data than just comparing the bin values to the data's central
values.
Effects of stirring speed and flux composition on the recycling of aluminium foams
Authors: Zhang Zan , Yang Li-qin , Zhao Su-mei , Xia Xing-chuan , Wang Zhan-zhong , Li Yin-feng , Yin Shi-zhong , Du Xi-wang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Owing to the excellent performance of aluminium foam in transportation, construction, and aerospace applications, their production has increased rapidly in recent years, leading to the accumulation of an increasing quantity of aluminium foam scrap and used aluminium foams. An efficient recycling process for these products is urgently required for resource conservation and environmental protection. In this study, a flux-covering method is employed to recycle aluminium foams. The effects of stirring speed and flux composition on the recycling process were investigated. An orthogonal test was performed to determine the optimal flux parameters for NaCl, KCl, and NaF. The microstructures of aluminium foam and recycled aluminium were observed using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope, respectively. Phase compositions of foams, flux, recycled aluminium, and slag were analysed using x-ray diffraction. The results showed that the recovery was improved with increasing stirring speed, and the optimal stirring speed was 150 r·min−1 under the present conditions. In addition, the composition of the flux exhibited a significant impact on the recovery. The recovery reached 86.35% when the NaCl, KCl, and NaF concentrations were 15, 15, and 5 wt%, respectively. The mechanisms of recovery improvement were discussed in terms of the primary crystal temperature of flux as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of the impurity removal.
Copper oxide nanoparticles impregnated antibacterial surgical gloves for potential application in prevention of nosocomial transmission infections during nursing
Authors: Zheng Xiangyun , Wang Li , Xue Hong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work showed the preparation of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from leaf extract of Cinnamomum camphora (C.camphora) by a green synthetic method. To prepare CuO NPs, about 10 ml of 0.01 M copper sulphate and 30 ml of C.camphora extract were mixed by heating for 60 min at a temperature of 80 °C. Various techniques such as x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the characterization of biosynthesized CuO NPs. The formation of CuO NPs was indicated by gradual color change of brownish yellow solution into dark brown. Poly-dispersive and spherically shaped NPs were seen from TEM images with an average particle size of about 23 nm. FTIR results confirmed that polyphenols were capped onto the surface of the formed CuO NPs. On the other hand, the Gloves coated with CuO NPs were extremely successful in suppressing contamination of the outside glove surface with nosocomial-resistant microorganisms and hence beneficial of their use in the food sector or clinical context. CuO NPs-coated latex gloves significantly reduced all experimental bacteria within 30 s, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter, and Candida albicans (P <.05). In addition, research must be undertaken to assess the effectiveness of CuO NPs coated gloves in health care setting to know their effectiveness in protection from contaminated fluids that may infiltrate gloves.
‘Ρε, έσ̆ει καλαμαράες που εν μιλούν έτσι καλά ούτε στα ελληνικά’: Negotiating Masculinities and Intersubjectivities in English Language Learning
Authors: Evripidou Dimitris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPost-structuralist theories of language and gender have become increasingly attractive to language learning researchers. However, masculinity, as part of a socially and culturally constructed system, in relation to English language learning has rarely been investigated. The current study examines how male English language learners negotiate their masculine subject positions in an English language classroom in Cyprus and how they negotiate masculine intersubjectivities with the researcher apropos of English. Semi-structured interviews, enriched with descriptions of attitudes, feelings, and incidents, were carried out with five male adolescent Greek Cypriot English language learners. Through Frame Analysis, the findings evince how these language learners challenge their usual linguistic and masculine habitus and how they achieve interesubjectivities through the symbolic powers of English, Cypriot Greek, and Standard Greek.
Maternal exposure of rats to sodium saccharin during gestation and lactation on male offspring
Authors: Godoi Alana Rezende , Fioravante Vanessa Caroline , Santos Beatriz Melo , Martinez Francisco Eduardo , Pinheiro Patricia Fernanda Felipe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effects of fetal programming in Sprague–Dawley rats through the maternal consumption of sodium saccharin on the testicular structure and function in male offspring. Feed intake and efficiency, organ and fat weight, quantification and expression of androgen receptor (AR), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins, sperm count, and hormone levels were determined. Consumption alterations were found in the final weeks of the experiment. Decreases in AR and PCNA expression and quantification, tubular diameter, and luminal volume, and increases in epithelial and interstitial relative volumes were observed. Lower sperm count and transit, and lower estradiol concentration were also found. Sodium saccharin consumption by dams programmed male offspring by affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonad axis with alterations in the Sertoli cell population, in spermatogonia proliferation, the expression and quantification of AR, and in sperm count. We hypothesized that these changes may be due to an estradiol reduction that caused the loosening of adhesion junctions of the blood–testis barrier, causing cell losses during spermatogenesis, also reflected by a decrease in tubular diameter with an increase in epithelial volume and consequent decrease in luminal volume. We conclude that maternal sodium saccharin consumption during pregnancy and lactation programmed alterations in the reproductive parameters of male offspring, thus influencing spermatogenesis.
Influenza During the 2010–2020 Decade in the United States: Seasonal Outbreaks and Vaccine Interventions
Authors: Malosh Ryan E , McGovern Ian , Monto Arnold S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The 10 years between the last influenza pandemic and start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic have been marked by great advances in our ability to follow influenza occurrence and determine vaccine effectiveness (VE), largely based on widespread use of the polymerase chain reaction assay. We examine the results, focusing mainly on data from the United States and inactivated vaccines. Surveillance has expanded, resulting in increased ability to characterize circulating viruses and their impact. The surveillance has often confirmed previous observations on timing of outbreaks and age groups affected, which can now be examined in greater detail. Selection of strains for vaccines is now based on enhanced viral characterization using immunologic, virologic, and computational techniques not previously available. Vaccine coverage has been largely stable, but VE has remained modest and, in some years, very low. We discuss ways to improve VE based on existing technology while we work toward supraseasonal vaccines.
Chronic kidney disease as cardiovascular risk factor in routine clinical practice: a position statement by the Council of the European Renal Association
Authors: Ortiz Alberto , Wanner Christoph , Gansevoort Ron ,   the ERA Council, Ortiz Alberto , Wanner Christoph , Gansevoort Ron T , Cozzolino Mario , Fliser Danilo , Gambaro Giovanni , Ong Albert , Rosenkranz Alexander R , Rychlık Ivan , Sarafidis Pantelis , Torra Roser , Tuglular Serhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European Society of Cardiology 2021 guideline on cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) prevention in clinical practice has major implications for both CV risk screening and kidney health of interest to primary care physicians, cardiologists, nephrol-ogists, and other professionals involved in CVD prevention. The proposed CVD prevention strategies require as first step the categorization of individuals into those with established atherosclerotic CVD, diabetes, familiar hypercholesterolaemia, or chronic kidney disease (CKD), i.e. conditions that are already associated with a moderate to very-high CVD risk. This places CKD, defined as decreased kidney function or increased albuminuria as a starting step for CVD risk assessment. Thus, for adequate CVD risk assessment, patients with diabetes, familiar hypercholesterolaemia, or CKD should be identified by an initial laboratory assessment that requires not only serum to assess glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, but also urine to assess albuminuria. The addition of albuminuria as an entry-level step in CVD risk assessment should change clinical practice as it differs from the current healthcare situation in which albuminuria is only assessed in persons already considered to be at high risk of CVD. A diagnosis of moderate of severe CKD requires a specific set of interventions to prevent CVD. Further research should address the optimal method for CV risk assessment that includes CKD assessment in the general population, i.e. whether this should remain opportunistic screening or whether systematic screening.
Most Placebo-Controlled Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Disease were Underpowered Because of Overestimated Drug Efficacy Rates: Results from a Systematic Review of Induction Studies
Authors: Bahnam Paul , Hanzel Jurij , Ma Christopher , Zou Lily , Narula Neeraj , Singh Siddharth , Kahan Brennan , Jairath Vipul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMost pharmaceutical clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are placebo-controlled and require effect size estimation for a drug relative to placebo. We compared expected effect sizes in sample size calculations [SSCs] to actual effect sizes in IBD clinical trials.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to March 26, 2021, to identify placebo-controlled induction studies for luminal Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] that reported an SSC and a primary endpoint of clinical remission/response. Expected effects were subtracted from actual effects, and interquartile ranges [IQRs] for each corresponding median difference were calculated. Linear regression was used to assess whether placebo or drug event rate misspecifications were responsible for these differences.ResultsOf eligible studies, 36.9% [55/149] were excluded because of incomplete SSC reporting, yielding 94 studies [46 CD, 48 UC]. Treatment effects were overestimated in CD for remission (–12.6% [IQR: –16.3 to –1.6%]), in UC for remission (–10.2% [IQR: –16.5 to –5.6%]) and in CD for response (–15.3% [IQR: –27.1 to –5.8%]). Differences observed were due to overestimated drug event rates, whereas expected and actual placebo event rates were similar. A meta-regression demonstrated associations between overestimated treatment effect sizes and several trial characteristics: isolated ileal disease, longer CD duration, extensive colitis [UC], single-centre, phase 2 and no endoscopic endpoint component [UC].ConclusionOverestimation of IBD therapy efficacy rates resulted in smaller-than-expected treatment effects. These results should be used to inform SSCs and trial design for IBD drug development.
Fairness of earnings in Europe: the consequences of unfair under- and overreward for life satisfaction
Authors: Adriaans Jule 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA large percentage of workers in Europe perceive their earnings to be unfairly low. Such perceptions of unfairness can have far-reaching consequences, ranging from low satisfaction to poor health. To gain insight into the conditions that can attenuate or amplify these adverse consequences, comparative research on the role of country contexts in shaping responses to perceived unfairness is needed. Furthermore, justice theory proposes that both types of perceived unfairness—underreward and overreward—cause distress, but evidence on overreward from representative survey data is scarce and laboratory studies have produced mixed results. Data from the European Social Survey (collected in 2018/2019) offer a means of addressing both of these gaps in the research. Studying the association between perceived fairness of personal earnings and life satisfaction in a cross-section of 29 European countries, I find that both underreward and overreward are associated with lower life satisfaction. This relationship is more pronounced in countries where the equity norm is strongly legitimized and weaker in countries where the trade union density is high.
A new efficient and integrated pathway for patient evaluation prior to atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Verhaert Dominique V M , Linz Dominik , Wassink Geert F , Weijs Bob , Philippens Suzanne , Luermans Justin G L M , Westra Sjoerd W , Schotten Ulrich , Vernooy Kevin , den Uijl Dennis W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
In this quality improvement project, a care pathway for patients considered for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation was optimized with the goals to improve the patient journey and simultaneously integrate prospective data collection into the clinical process.

Methods and results
The Lean Six Sigma approach was used to map the pre-existing process, identify constraints, and formulate countermeasures. The percentage of patients going through the full pre-ablation preparation that eventually underwent AF ablation, number of hospital visits and consultations, pathway compliance, and completeness of scientific data were measured before and after pathway optimization. Constraints in the process were (i) lack of standardized processes, (ii) inefficient use of resources, (iii) lack of multidisciplinary integration, (iv) lack of research integration, and (v) suboptimal communication. The impact of the corresponding countermeasures (defining a uniform process, incorporating ‘go/no-go’ moment, introducing a ‘one-stop-shop’, integrating prospective data collection, and improving communication) was studied for 33 patients before and 26 patients after pathway optimization. After optimization, the percentage of patients receiving a full pre-ablation preparation that eventually underwent AF ablation increased from 59% to 94% (P &lt; 0.01). Fewer hospital visits (3.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.3 ± 0.8, P = 0.01) and electrophysiologist consultations (1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3, P &lt; 0.01) were required after pathway optimization. Pathway compliance and complete collection of scientific data increased significantly (3% vs. 73%, P &lt; 0.01 and 15% vs. 73%, P &lt; 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion
The optimization project resulted in a more efficient evaluation of patients considered for AF ablation. The new more efficient process includes prospective data collection and facilitates easy conduct of research studies focused on improvements of patient outcomes.
Genomic Adaptations to an Endoparasitic Lifestyle in the Morphologically Atypical CrustaceanSacculina carcini(Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Martin Sebastian , Lesny Peter , Glenner Henrik , Hecht Jochen , Vilcinskas Andreas , Bartolomaeus Thomas , Podsiadlowski Lars 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe endoparasitic crustacean Sacculina carcini (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) has a much simpler morphology than conventional filter-feeding barnacles, reflecting its parasitic lifestyle. To investigate the molecular basis of its refined developmental program, we produced a draft genome sequence for comparison with the genomes of nonparasitic barnacles and characterized the transcriptomes of internal and external tissues. The comparison of clusters of orthologous genes revealed the depletion of multiple gene families but also several unanticipated expansions compared to non-parasitic crustaceans. Transcriptomic analyses comparing interna and externa tissues revealed an unexpected variation of gene expression between rootlets sampled around host midgut and thoracic ganglia. Genes associated with lipid uptake were strongly expressed by the internal tissues. We identified candidate genes probably involved in host manipulation (suppression of ecdysis and gonad development) including those encoding crustacean neurohormones and the juvenile hormone binding protein. The evolution of Rhizocephala therefore appears to have involved a rapid turnover of genes (losses and expansions) as well as the fine tuning of gene expression.