bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORING IN THE NATURE RESERVE FUND OF UKRAINE AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS
Authors: Nikolaychuk Tetyana 
Published: April 2022

Market changes in all fields of economy of Ukraine demand the creation of new institutions and mechanisms of cooperation between branches, including the sphere of environmental reserve affair requires transformations, which will be directed into the development not only environmentally protected, but also its ecological and economic components. The aim of the article is represented financial cooperation, as partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Business entities, operating in the format of reserved business, should form a separate segment of entrepreneurship, which requires a special form of cooperation with financial institutions in the face of banks and credit unions. Attracting of the investment flows in the industry of reserve affair is one of the most actual issues nowadays, as there are facilities of nature reserve fund of Ukraine have considerable economic and environmental potential for the development of innovative forms of conducting economic activity. Reserve areas cannot be considered only as a means of reserving and conservation of environmental resources, as thank to use of ecological oriented methods of management in the territories of the facilities of reserve fund, economic activity can be provided, that will contribute economic and ecological development of the region, formation of investing flows of the constant character, supporting the balance between bodies of state authority, local communities and representatives of private sector of economics. In the work the use of environmental factoring for the development of economic potential of protected areas is proposed. Reserve lending is considered, as a sectoral institution of crediting subjects of business activity, which carry out their economic activity in the protected areas or adjacent with them territories.
PROMOSI DALAM MENARIK MINAT MAHASISWA BARU: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KEGIATAN PROMOSI DI UNIVERSITAS LANCANG KUNING
Authors: Wardi Jeni , Putri Gusmarila Eka , Johar Olive Anggie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

Unilak, saat ini unilak belum menjadi pilihan utama bagi calon mahasiswa dibandingkan dengan Perguruan Tinggi lain yang ada di Riau. Untuk itu unilak dapat mengatasi persaingan ketat dengan menugaskan tim promosi unilak untuk membuat berbagai macam strategi promosi, seperti brosur, media social, periklanan, publisitas, dan word of mouth. Akan tetapi strategi promosi tersebut belum berhasil dengan baik dan belum sesuai dengan yang diinginkan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi strategi promosi dan efektifitas kegiatan promosi di unilak selama ini serta apa-apa saja yang menjadi kendalanya. . Bagi pengambil keputusan dalam hal ini adalah Pimpinan Universitas Lancang Kuning, hasil penelitian ini bisa dijadikan rekomendasi untuk memperbaiki strategi promosi dan menemukan kendala-kendala pelaksanaannya sehingga dapat menemukan model promosi yang lebih baik untuk dapat diterapkan dimasa yang akan datang.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Lancang Kuning, yang mana pemilihan informan penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan informan yang peneliti anggap relevan dan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu Tim Promosi ( tenaga struktural dan fungsional yang terlibat) di Universitas Lancang Kuning dan calon mahasiswa baru tahun 2021 yang mendaftar dan melakukan registrasi ulang pada unilak. Metode sampling untuk mahasiswa adalah rancangan sampel probalitas (probality sampling design) dengan teknik sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling).
Hasil evaluasi terkait strategi promosi melalui Iklan ( Baliho, spanduk, leaflet, poster, brosur, dll), Personal Selling ( Kunjungan sosialisasi ke SMA/SMK), Publisitas ( Jejaring Sosial, Facebook, IG, website, dll) dan Word Of Mouth ( Informasi dari Pegawai, dosen dan mahasiswa) menunjukan Persentase Skor Kepuasan rata-rata 85% yang artinya >84-100 adalah Responden Sangat Puas. Hasil evaluasi efektifitasnya kegiatan promosi unilak yang dilihat dari Aspek Empathy, Persuation , Impact Dan Communication yang dalam hal ini menunjukan Persentase Skor Tingkat Penilaian rata-rata 91% yang artinya >84-100 adalah Sangat Efektif.

Kata Kunci: Strategi, Promosi, Efektifitas, Kendala, Unilak
Focus particles and negative polarity
Authors: Rossyaykin Petr 
Published: April 2022

In this article I discuss constructions i odin NP and daže odin NP ‘even one NP’ in Russian, which are negative polarity items (NPIs), e.g. Petja *(ne) smog rešit’ i / daže ODNU zadaču ‘Petya didn’t manage to solve even one problem’. Only daže-NPIs are grammatical in non-negative environments of NPI licensing, e.g. Každyj, kto rešil ?daže / ??i ODNU zadaču, polučil začët ‘Everyone who solved even one problem got credit’. The same dependence is observed in several other languages: particles with additive and coordinative functions (like i ‘even, and’) form NPIs with narrower distribution than plain scalar particles (like daže ‘even’). The following question is thus the main topic of the paper: (A) why do i- and daže-NPIs have different distribution? Two auxiliary questions are: (B) what is the semantics of i and daže, and (C) why do they form NPIs when attached to the low endpoint of a scale? I argue that daže triggers only the scalar presupposition and i triggers only the additive presupposition (question B). I show that both scalar and additive presupposition cause ungrammaticality in positive environments (C). Finally, I compare two theories which (aim to) explain why the additive presupposition of i determines a narrower distribution of i-NPIs in comparison to daže-NPIs (A). A simple theory considers ungrammaticality of i-NPIs to be the result of interaction of the additive presupposition with presuppositions of licensing environments. Although it predicts some interpretational differences between i- and daže-NPIs, it fails to explain the confinement of i-NPIs to negative contexts. According to an alternative theory, i-NPIs are subject to standard movement constraints while daže-NPIs take exceptional (i.e. sentential) scope, which explains their different distribution without any additional assumptions. I also show how this theory can explain the weak vs. strong NPIs distinction in other cases.
Aproximaciones al trabajo precario en Argentina (2016-2019)
Authors: Favieri Francisco Nicolás Nicolás , Orellano Verónica 
Published: April 2022

El trabajo precario es un fenómeno persistente a nivel mundial. En Argentina, la crisis socio-económica de los últimos años refleja el deterioro de los principales indicadores económicos y del mercado de trabajo. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en caracterizar el comportamiento de la precariedad laboral en Argentina durante 2016-2019 en base a la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH), a partir de la construcción de un índice que exprese las variaciones e impacto relativo del fenómeno en la población ocupada asalariada sobre diferentes aspectos sociodemográficos y del mercado de trabajo. Concluimos que durante los años bajo estudio, persisten mayores concentraciones de casos en niveles de precariedad alto y extremo en mujeres, jóvenes de 16 a 29 años de edad, personas sin calificación, sin instrucción, que desarrollan sus actividades en establecimientos de hasta 5 personas y en el sector de comercio.
المعايير السيميائية لتحليل الرموز الدينية في التقارير الصحفية موقع قنطرة الإخباري أنموذجا
Authors: نجم عبود الدوغجي وداد 
Published: April 2022

إن الرموز التي يتم اعتمادها في التقارير الصحفية لم توضع عبثا وإنما يتم توظيفها لغرض ما يتبناه المرسل؛ فالتقرير يضم مجموعة من الرموز توظف داخل إطار يعطي لغة ذات تأثير أكبر، إذ يناقش هذا البحث مشكلة التوظيف السيميائي للرموز الدينية في التقارير الصحفية المنشورة في الصحافة الإلكترونية موقع قنطرة الإخباري إنموذجا وعبر مستويين هما: القراءة (المقاربة الوصفية) لإدراك الرسالة البصرية في صيغتها المجردة، والأخر (المقاربة السيميائية للأيقونات الرمزية) لإعادة الفهم والتأويل؛ إذ يعطي هذا المستوى دلالية لكشف المستوى التضميني للرسائل الإعلامية عبر مجموعة من المعايير السيميائية التي استند إليها لتقطيع النصوص للوصول إلى عملية الفهم والتفسير، وقد قسم النص في عملية التقطيع على مجموعة من المقاطع والوحدات والفقرات على وفق مجموعة من المعايير الدلالية والشكلية والتداولية . واتبع المنهج السيميائي طريقة المسح بالعينة القصدية، وينتمي هذا البحث إلى نوع البحوث الوصفية بالطريقة الكيفية، واستعملت المعايير السيميائية أداةً استرشادية لإعادة تفكيك وقراءة الرموز الموظفة (الدال) ووضعها في شكل نسق ما محدد لإيصال الفكرة بعدها (المدلول) ومن ثم إعادة القراءة وإتباع عملية (التأويل) ومحاولة ربط الدال مع المدلول بالمحيط الخارجي باستعمال أسلوبي التفكيك الأفقي لفك بنية النص وتقطيعه و العمودي للتعمق في الوصول إلى الدلالات الكبرى، وتم التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج هي: غلبة الروح الدينية والسياسية على البنى العميقة والسطحية، و جاءت تلك البنى في صيغ تمهيدية لا صدامية، تنزِع إلى بث روح الاطمئنان أكثر من المواجهة وإن كانت لا تخلو من أسلوب التخويف والتهويل والتهديد إلى جانب عبارات التعايش والحوار والسلام وإيجاد المشتركات بين الديانات، وغلب على بنية النصوص طابع التكرار والميل إلى الإسهاب في ذكر التفصيلات، وهو أمر يشير إلى عنصر التأكيد بالإيحاء في أسلوب غير ملحوظ لا يسبب الملل للقارئ ، ولم نلحظه الا عند تقطيع النصوص وتجزئتها، واستخدم الرمز للإصلاح والتعاون وبيان النقمة على عمليات التعنيف إذ اتبعت آلية استحضار المؤثرات الخاصة بالقضية من المحيط الخارجي عبر رسالة إقناعية تقود الى تعديل الإدراك وتنشيطه لدى المتلقي ليحصل على قناعة مطلقة .
Efficacy Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Poly (Trimethylene Carbonate) Implants in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Liu Yixiu , Liang A. , Li Xu , Ma Zhihe , Zhang Dan 
Published: April 2022

In this study, poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) with excellent biocompatibility was synthesized via ring-opening of TMC to prepare the Ciprofloxacin-loaded PTMC implants, and antibacterial effects in vitro or in vivo of the resulting implants were investigated to evaluate the potential for treating chronic osteomyelitis. The in vitro results showed the Ciprofloxacin-loaded PTMC implants could sustain release ciprofloxacin at a release amount of about 90 μg/d for 28 days and possessed excellent antibacterial effect, as evidenced by the smaller size of the antibacterial ring of 32.6 ± 0.64 mm and the biofilm inhibition of 60% after 28 days of release. The in vivo results showed that after 28 days of treatment, the body weight and the white blood cell counts of chronic-osteomyelitis-model rats in the treatment group reached 381.6 ± 16.8 g and (7.86 ± 0.91) ×109/L, respectively, returning to normal rapidly compared with the control and blank group, indicating the remarkable antibacterial effect of the Ciprofloxacin-loaded PTMC implants. X-ray images and HE staining results also confirmed that most of the proximal and middle parts of the tibia returned to typical structures and new and trabecular bone had been formed for the rats in the treatment group, and no inflammatory cells were found as compared to the control and blank groups, after 28 days of treatment. The significant lower number of colonies of (9.92 ± 1.56) × 10 CFU/g in the treatment group also suggests that the Ciprofloxacin-loaded PTMC implants achieve a practical antibacterial effect through a local application.
Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry for Scalable Single-Cell Proteomics
Authors: Shen Bowen , Pade Leena R. , Choi Sam B. , Muñoz-LLancao Pablo , Manzini M. Chiara , Nemes Peter 
Published: April 2022

Understanding the biochemistry of the cell requires measurement of all the molecules it produces. Single-cell proteomics recently became possible through advances in microanalytical sample preparation, separation by nano-flow liquid chromatography (nanoLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and detection using electrospray ionization (ESI) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Here, we demonstrate capillary microsampling CE-ESI-HRMS to be scalable to proteomics across broad cellular dimensions. This study established proof-of-principle using giant, ∼250-µm-diameter cells from embryos of the frog Xenopuslaevis and small, ∼35-µm-diameter neurons in culture from the mouse hippocampus. From ∼18 ng, or ∼0.2% of the total cellular proteome, subcellular analysis of the ventral-animal midline (V11) and equatorial (V12) cells identified 1,133 different proteins in a 16-cell embryo. CE-HRMS achieved ∼20-times higher sensitivity and doubled the speed of instrumental measurements compared to nanoLC, the closest neighboring single-cell technology of choice. Microanalysis was scalable to 722 proteins groups from ∼5 ng of cellular protein digest from identified left dorsal-animal midline cell (D11), supporting sensitivity for smaller cells. Capillary microsampling enabled the isolation and transfer of individual neurons from the culture, identifying 37 proteins between three different cells. A total of 224 proteins were detected from 500 pg of neuronal protein digest, which estimates to a single neuron. Serial dilution returned 157 proteins from sample amounts estimating to about half a cell (250 pg protein) and 70 proteins from ca. a quarter of a neuron (125 pg protein), suggesting sufficient sensitivity for subcellular proteomics. CE-ESI-HRMS complements nanoLC proteomics with scalability, sensitivity, and speed across broad cellular dimensions.
Design Strategies for Large Current Density Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Lishang , Shi Zhe , Lin Yanping , Chong Fali , Qi Yunhui 
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen energy is considered one of the cleanest and most promising alternatives to fossil fuel because the only combustion product is water. The development of water splitting electrocatalysts with Earth abundance, cost-efficiency, and high performance for large current density industrial applications is vital for H2 production. However, most of the reported catalysts are usually tested within relatively small current densities (&lt; 100 mA cm−2), which is far from satisfactory for industrial applications. In this minireview, we summarize the latest progress of effective non-noble electrocatalysts for large current density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whose performance is comparable to that of noble metal-based catalysts. Then the design strategy of intrinsic activities and architecture design are discussed, including self-supporting electrodes to avoid the detachment of active materials, the superaerophobicity and superhydrophilicity to release H2 bubble in time, and the mechanical properties to resist destructive stress. Finally, some views on the further development of high current density HER electrocatalysts are proposed, such as scale up of the synthesis process, in situ characterization to reveal the micro mechanism, and the implementation of catalysts into practical electrolyzers for the commercial application of as-developed catalysts. This review aimed to guide HER catalyst design and make large-scale hydrogen production one step further.
On Synchronous Supereruptions
Authors: Cisneros de León Alejandro , Mittal Tushar , de Silva Shanaka L. , Self Stephen , Schmitt Axel K. , Kutterolf Steffen 
Published: April 2022

The Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption from Toba Caldera in Sumatra atca. 74,000 years BP is the largest volcanic event recorded in the Pleistocene. Intriguingly, recent radioisotopic dating of the near antipodal Los Chocoyos (LCY) supereruption from the Atitlán caldera in Guatemala finds an identical age within uncertainties to that of YTT. This opens the question of whether these synchronous supereruptions may be a coincidence or could be a consequence of each other? Using the known eruptive record from the past 2 Myr, we find that the likelihood of having two near antipodal supereruptions (&gt;1,000 km3tephra volume) within centuries (&lt;400 years), as suggested by volcanic proxies and annual counting layer chronology in the ice core records, is very small (0.086%), requiring a non-random cause and effect. Considering this analysis, we speculate that one potential physical mechanism that could explain the temporal relationship between these supereruptions is that seismic energy released during YTT eruption focused on the antipodal region, where concentrated stresses ultimately promoted the eruption of the perched LCY magma system (or vice versa). This supereruption “double-whammy” may thus be the more compelling source of the significant environmental impacts often attributed individually to the YTT supereruption. Improving the existing age information of YTT and LCY, and a better understanding of caldera collapse events will enable further testing of the hypothesis that synchronous supereruptions do not result by pure chance.
Assessment of Environmental and Social Effects of Rural Toilet Retrofitting on a Regional Scale in China
Authors: Gao Yi , Tan Lu , Zhang Chunxue , Li Qian , Wei Xiaocheng , Yang Bo , Chen Peizhen , Zheng Xiangqun , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2022

In China, more than 47 million toilets in rural areas have been upgraded since the nationwide sanitation program, popularly referred to as the “toilet revolution,” was launched in 2015. However, little is currently known about the environmental risks of manure, or rural residents’ satisfaction. Here, we have selected 50 rural residents from 10 provinces and focused on two types of toilets to evaluate the environmental and social impacts of improving toilets in rural areas. The monitoring results showed that human excrement was mainly alkaline, and the concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the composting toilets ranged from 259.21 to 330.46 mg/kg and from 2.71 to 3.71 mg/kg, respectively, while their contents in septic tank effluents were generally 381.31–2040.84 mg/L and 10.41–80.46 mg/L, respectively. The pH and EC values exceeded the soil background value in individual regions, and the harmless effect of the two types of toilets did not fully meet the standard requirements, indicating that toilet manure, albeit possessed certain resource utilization potential, guard against the risk of pollution. Additionally, based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, it was found that the comprehensive evaluation score of Jiangsu Province is the highest, that of Gansu Province is the lowest, and the overall score is “high in the southeast and low in the northwest.” This study provides basic data and references for establishing a scientific and feasible evaluation system of rural toilet retrofitting and strengthens government guidance and training related to toilet retrofitting.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Diarrhea Incidence in Ghana and the Impact of Meteorological and Socio-Demographic Factors
Authors: Asare Ernest O. , Warren Joshua L. , Pitzer Virginia E. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDiarrhea remains a significant public health problem and poses a considerable financial burden on Ghana's health insurance scheme. In order to prioritize district-level hotspots of diarrhea incidence for effective targeted interventions, it is important to understand the potential drivers of spatiotemporal patterns of diarrhea. We aimed to identify the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of diarrhea incidence in Ghana and explore how meteorological and socio-demographic factors influence the patterns.MethodsWe used monthly district-level clinically diagnosed diarrhea data between 2012 and 2018 obtained from the Center for Health Information and Management of the Ghana Health Services. We utilized a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling framework to evaluate potential associations between district-level monthly diarrhea incidence and meteorological variables (mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, surface water presence) and socio-demographic factors (population density, Gini index, District League Table score) in Ghana. In addition, we investigated whether these associations were consistent across the four agro-ecological zones.ResultsThere was considerable spatial heterogeneity in diarrhea patterns across the districts, with clusters of high diarrhea risk areas mostly found in the transition and savannah zones. The average monthly temporal patterns of diarrhea revealed a weak biannual seasonality with major and minor peaks in June and October, respectively, coinciding with the major and minor rainy seasons. We found a significant association between both meteorological and socio-demographic factors and diarrhea risk, but the strength and direction of associations differed across the four agro-ecological zones. Surface water presence demonstrated consistently positive, while diurnal temperature range and population density demonstrated consistently negative associations with diarrhea both overall and across the agro-ecological zones.ConclusionsAlthough overall diarrhea incidence is declining in Ghana, our results revealed high-risk districts that could benefit from district-specific tailored intervention strategies to improve control efforts. Ghana health sector policy-makers can use these results to assess the effectiveness of ongoing interventions at the district level and prioritize resource allocation for diarrhea control.
Meta-Analyses of Splicing and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Identified Susceptibility Genes of Glioma
Authors: Patro C. Pawan K. , Nousome Darryl ,   The Glioma International Case Control Study (GICC), Lai Rose K. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe functions of most glioma risk alleles are unknown. Very few studies had evaluated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and insights of susceptibility genes were limited due to scarcity of available brain tissues. Moreover, no prior study had examined the effect of glioma risk alleles on alternative RNA splicing.ObjectiveThis study explored splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) as molecular QTL and improved the power of QTL mapping through meta-analyses of both cis eQTL and sQTL.MethodsWe first evaluated eQTLs and sQTLs of the CommonMind Consortium (CMC) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) using genotyping, or whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq data. Alternative splicing events were characterized using an annotation-free method that detected intron excision events. Then, we conducted meta-analyses by pooling the eQTL and sQTL results of CMC and GTEx using the inverse variance-weighted model. Afterward, we integrated QTL meta-analysis results (Q &lt; 0.05) with the Glioma International Case Control Study (GICC) GWAS meta-analysis (case:12,496, control:18,190), using a summary statistics-based mendelian randomization (SMR) method.ResultsBetween CMC and GTEx, we combined the QTL data of 354 unique individuals of European ancestry. SMR analyses revealed 15 eQTLs in 11 loci and 32 sQTLs in 9 loci relevant to glioma risk. Two loci only harbored sQTLs (1q44 and 16p13.3). In seven loci, both eQTL and sQTL coexisted (2q33.3, 7p11.2, 11q23.3 15q24.2, 16p12.1, 20q13.33, and 22q13.1), but the target genes were different for five of these seven loci. Three eQTL loci (9p21.3, 20q13.33, and 22q13.1) and 4 sQTL loci (11q23.3, 16p13.3, 16q12.1, and 20q13.33) harbored multiple target genes. Eight target genes of sQTLs (C2orf80, SEC61G, TMEM25, PHLDB1, RP11-161M6.2, HEATR3, RTEL1-TNFRSF6B, and LIME1) had multiple alternatively spliced transcripts.ConclusionOur study revealed that the regulation of transcriptome by glioma risk alleles is complex, with the potential for eQTL and sQTL jointly affecting gliomagenesis in risk loci. QTLs of many loci involved multiple target genes, some of which were specific to alternative splicing. Therefore, quantitative trait loci that evaluate only total gene expression will miss many important target genes.