bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Fuel pellet From Agricultural And Plantation Estate Crops Biomass
Authors: Alamsyah Rizal , Samid Dedy Darmawan , Heryani Susi , Siregar Nobel Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biomass contains energy used as solid fuel so that biomass will have high added value. Directly combustion of biomass has caused environmental pollution problems. Agricultural and plant estate plantation biomass waste that is widely spread in Indonesia needs to be utilized. The research was aimed at designing and producing biomass pellets for a pilot-scale capacity of 200 kg/hour. The biomass used consisted of empty oil palm fruit bunches (OPEFB), oil palm shells (OPS), cocopeat, corn cobs, and sugar cane bagasse. Pellets are formed by pressing biomass powder with high pressure using a 10 hp pelletizer. The quality of pellets produced was tested based on the standard DIN 53731. The performance test of pelletizing machinery showed that such types of machinery could be produced for 150-200 kg/hour. The test results showed that almost all quality parameters of biomass pellet (moisture content, calorific value, ash content, density, length, and diameter) met the requirements. Synthetic gas produced from burning biomass pellets in the gasifier and stove is able to use for drying and heating for 80 minutes. Pelletizing can enhance the volumetric and calorific value, reduce the transport and storage costs, reduce the moisture content, and improve the handling characteristics of biomass.
The Potential of Energy Production and Greenhouse Gases Emission Reduction from Households Organic Waste in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Wanda Gustina , Yogautami Radya , Yuliandari Puspita , Iryani Dewi Agustina , Hasanudin Udin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Households Organic Waste (HOW) is the type of waste dominantly found in the Bakung landfill, Bandar Lampung. It is because HOW from the settlements is only collected and transported to the landfill without any recycling treatment. A study was carried out to determine the potential of biogas generation and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission reduction related to the rate of generation waste, composition, and characteristics of HOW in Bandar Lampung city. The method for collecting sample and analysis procedure in this work was following into SNI 19-3964-1994. From the data results of sampling and measurement, it was known that the average HOW generation rate was 0.11 kg/person/day, which consists of 26.39% of vegetable scraps, 44.83% of fruit scraps, and 28.79% ripe food scraps. The Total Solids (TS) of HOW was 6.70%. Utilization of HOW to produce biogas was conducted through crushing the HOW in the crusher by adding water with ratio water, and HOW was 3:1. Based on estimation production data of HOW in 2020, it was estimated that Bandar Lampung city could produce about 1.40 million m3 of CH4/year, which is equivalent to 1.07 million kg of LPG. Meanwhile, converting HOW to produce biogas, it was estimated will reduce 21.09 million kg of CO2-eq/year of GHG emissions.
Utilization of rice husks as a fuel for gasification – A review
Authors: Fathurahman Reza , Surjosatyo Adi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rice husks are widely known as a fuel for electricity generation through gasification technology. Rice husks are abundant in agricultural countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Although it is useful, if it is not handled properly, rice husks can become dangerous waste. Abandoning them at large amounts of wastes in fields can damage soil and water contaminated, increase the emission of methane due to its natural decomposition, and produces rainwater leachates. Rice husks are produced from 20% of the weight of rice produced. The content of rice husk is cellulose (50%), lignin (25-30%), silica (15-20%), and moisture content (10-15%). Rice husks have low bulk density by the range of 90-150 kg/m3. From studies obtained equivalent ratio (ER) is range 0.15-0.35, gasifier temperature was conducted at 600-900°C. This paper presents a review of studies conducted on rice husk gasification. Recent research has been reviewed, and key findings are highlighted based on each result of syngas produced. Syngas produced from gasification has a low heating value of 1373.18 kcal/Nm3 – 2603 kcal/Nm3. Syngas compositions are CO, CO2, CH4, and H2. Rice husks syngas are used as a fuel to the internal combustion engine (ICE) as the prime mover to produce electricity.
An Investigation on Gasification Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste Using Fixed Bed Downdraft: Study Case of Final Processing Site TPA Putri Cempo Surakarta
Authors: Sonjaya Abeth Novria , Surjosatyo Adi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) gasifier is one of the promising technologies to fulfill the energy demand of TPA Putri Cempo Surakarta. Municipal solid waste gasification is a chemical process that converts solid Municipal solid waste into useful, convenient gaseous fuel. According to the government program in presidential regulation number 35 of 2018, the acceleration of waste processing development into electric energy based on environmentally friendly technology needs to be developed. One of the technologies to convert waste into renewable energy is to use thermochemical processes of gasification. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conversion of municipal solid waste gasification (MSW) using a fixed bed downdraft gasifier by circulating the mass balance of municipal solid waste (MSW) to be converted into syngas with a variation of air-fuel ratio (AFR) of 0.1 to 1.0 and gasifier temperature at 500 – 1000°C. The result showed that the fixed bed downdraft gasifier produced syngas with the composition of CO (24.78%), CO2 (18.65%), H2 (15.6%), and CH4 (4.06%), with an AFR of 0.3 at a gasification temperature of 600°C.both.
Effect of granular matrix on functional flora in EBPR system
Authors: Qi He Zhe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a very mature phosphorus removal technology, but there is still a problem of unstable treatment effect in the operation of actual wastewater treatment plants, so the study on the effect of phosphorus removal performance still needs to be further studied. Because there are a lot of granular matrix in municipal wastewater, it occupies an important proportion in the total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of municipal wastewater, and the fluctuation of granular matrix concentration is also related to the instability of phosphorus removal effect. Therefore, it is of practical guiding significance to further explore the influence of granular matrix on the functional bacteria community of phosphorus removal in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal system. The acetic acid was used as a carbon source to enrich and cultivate phosphorus accumulating bacteria. After the enrichment and the system was stable, soluble starch was added into the water to study the effects of granular matrix on phosphorus removal performance and functional bacteria community in EBPR system. The results showed that acetic acid was beneficial to the proliferation of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria in the enrichment stage, and the phosphate removal rate of the system could reach more than 99%. After the system is stabilized, granular matrix with different concentrations is added to the system in three stages, and the phosphate removal rate of the system gradually decreases. With the increasing of granular matrix concentration in the influent, the phosphorus removal performance of sludge decreased gradually, the maximum phosphorus release rate and maximum phosphorus uptake rate of sludge decreased, and the acetic acid utilization rate ΔP/ΔHAc value also decreased. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to measure the changes of functional bacteria in activated sludge under different conditions. With the increase of the concentration of soluble starch, the proportion of PAOs gradually decreased, and the proportion of GAOs gradually increased. Granular matrix exists in the internal of floc sludge and cannot be utilized by PAOs, which results in inhibition of the growth of PAOs and weakened activity. This indicates that the higher concentration of granular matrix will lead to a decrease in the proportion of PAOs in EBPR system, and then lead to a decrease in the phosphorus removal activity of activated sludge, and ultimately reduce the phosphorus removal effect of EBPR system.
Climate variability and change in Tibetan Plateau within a warming climate
Authors: Duan Sirui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Global warming has become a subject of concern with an increasing number of natural disasters under the excessive emission of greenhouse gasses, influencing many sectors of environment, society, and economy. Likewise, the climate of the Tibetan Plateau region (known as “the roof of the world”) is closely related to global warming. Yet, the variation and prediction of climate in Tibetan Plateau remain unresolved. The purpose of this research is to diagnose and forecast the climate change in Tibetan Plateau in China within the context of global warming based on surface temperature and precipitation data. Specifically, the results suggest that global warming closely affects the rising trend of the average temperature of the Tibetan Plateau, while the average precipitation of the Tibetan Plateau is also producing an increasing trend with the increase of temperature. In order to prevent the environmental ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau from being destroyed by severe climate change under the future influence of global warming, the government should regulate greenhouse gas emissions to ensure that global warming does not worsen.
Applied microbiology and chemical engineering in full solidliquid recovery of food waste
Authors: Wang Zhipu , Zhao Yiran , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Food waste (FW) has been a major challenge globally in the environment, economy and society. It is estimated that about 8–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to FW. As FW exhibits characteristics of high organic matter content (mainly proteins, fats and organic acids), high moisture content and low calorific value, aerobic composting is more suitable than conventional treatments of solid waste (e.g. incineration and landfill) for disposing of FW while recovering renewable energy from it in the form of fertiliser. In contrast, the struvite technology allows for the recovery of nitrogen (N) resources from the dewatering liquor. Therefore, this report investigates the recovery pathways and effectiveness of resource recycling in solid-liquid FW based on aerobic composting and struvite crystallisation. The main findings suggest that aerobic composting is an effective pathway for the recycling of FW while struvite crystallisation could recycle N resources from dewatering liquor of FW.
A study on the investment in the collection and transportation system for domestic waste in rural areas
Authors: Yao Xiaoqiang , Hou Meifang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzed the domestic waste collection and transportation projects in rural areas as derived from the project management database of the National PPP Integrated Information Platform, obtained the investment intensity of waste collection and transportation system and other relevant indicators, explored the investment level of domestic waste collection and transportation system in the rural areas of China, and also proposed the initial investment intensity and the attention gradient of investment planning. of domestic waste collection and transportation system.
Preparation of porous activated carbon with ultra-high specific surface area and its adsorption performance for specific organic pollutants in industrial wastewater
Authors: Yao Tingjun , Zhong Dan , Ai Wei , Li Zhiyang , Han Guang , Hao Wenming , Yang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Porous activated carbon particles (GAC-1) with ultra-high specific surface area were prepared from starch by hydrothermal carbonization and high temperature activation. The porous structure and surface morphology of GAC-1 were characterized by N2 adsorption desorption isotherm and SEM. Compared with the commercially available activated carbon with the same particle size, the porous GAC-1 with ultra-high specific surface area shows better adsorption performance for CODCr, pyrazole and chloroform in wastewater. The results show that when the amount of activated carbon in the fixed bed is 160 g/L, the removal rate of CODCr, pyrazole and chloroform is 97.3%, 96.1% and 98.0%, respectively. The effluent meets the reuse requirements of the plant (CODCr ≤ 1500 mg/L). Finally, the activated carbon was regenerated five times by simple thermal regeneration method, and the COD removal rate could still reach 87.9%.
Effects of Slotted Impeller Configurations on the Hydraulic Performance of Double-Suction Pump
Authors: Yoon Jong-Woong , Kang Hyun Su , Kim Youn-Jea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A double-suction centrifugal pump is widely used in various industrial fields due to its stable and durable operability. There are many studies to improve pump performance, but in most cases changes in blade angle and thickness have been considered. In this paper, the optimal design was performed to improve the hydraulic performance of the double-suction centrifugal pump by applying slotted blade geometry. The shape of the slotted impeller is defined by angle, clearance, and location. A range of values, for each parameter, were selected and used in the design of experiments (DOE). An optimized space-filling design sampling technique (OSFD) was used to select 25 points for optimization through the response surface method. Response surfaces effectively analyze the correlation between the design variables and performance variables. The objective of the optimization is to increase efficiency. The numerical results of the optimized model are graphically depicted and compared with the coefficients using the ANSYS CFX. Through comparison with the results from the reference model, it is shown that the optimized slotted impeller decreased the turbulence kinetic energy and stabilized the flow.
High flexibility in Francis turbine operation and design philosophy: A review
Authors: Kverno J O , Iliev I , Dahlhaug O G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper examines and discusses how various operation schemes and design philosophies can prolong the expected lifetime of a hydro turbine subjected to many start-stop cycles and high ramping rates. With the proliferation of renewable and non-dispatchable energy sources in Europe, a higher demand for flexible operation is put on the rest of the system. Given the short response time of hydro power, there is a huge potential for the Norwegian power sector to act as a stabiliser for the rest of mainland Europe. With a more flexible operation however, the turbines will experience a higher load variation which can lead to premature fatigue and failure of existing turbines. This research reviews the current startup and ramping schemes, as well as design aspects, which might affect and reduce the mechanical stresses experienced by the hydro turbine.
Use of 3D Printing technology for developing novel procedure to manufacture runner of Francis Turbine
Authors: Kafle Abishek , Shrestha Pratisthit Lal , Silwal Raman , Thapa Bhola , Ghimire Amul , Chitrakar Sailesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Turbine having complex profiles has always been a challenge to the manufacturers. With possible errors while manufacturing and surface finishing, it is nearly impossible attaining the same profile of blades or buckets as suggested by the hydraulic design. Specifically in the case of Nepal the manufacturing of Francis turbine runners has been a challenge due to its complex profile and lack of state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in the Nepalese metal manufacturing industries. Many attempts have been made in the past to manufacture these runners with the available resources. However, the developed turbines have been of smaller size and dimensions and the process used for fabrication have been limited to these small runners. So, for fabrication of the Francis turbine runners a new process has been developed. The process makes use of a rapid prototyping technique called additive manufacturing. The developed method has made the manufacturers easier to manufacture the runners of complex profiles and larger size. The steps from modifications of the cad model to 3D printing and workshop fabrication has been discussed in this paper.
Experimental Analysis of a Simplified Francis Turbine
Authors: Ghimire A , Sapkota P , Kayastha A , Thapa B S , Choi Y D , Lee Y H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction of Francis turbine in Nepalese micro hydropower project has been considered to uplift the turbine manufacturing ability of the local turbine manufacturers, along with the rejuvenation of the micro hydro sector in Nepal. The Francis turbine used in this study was designed for a Micro hydropower plant in Nepal. The design has been simplified in order to facilitate the local manufacturing of the turbine. The locally manufactured Francis turbine has been tested at Turbine Testing Laboratory under variable rotational speed and discharge. The performance of the Francis turbine has been measured at different operating conditions. The CFD analysis performed on the turbine has also been compared to the results obtained from the experiments. The results of pressure fluctuations, during a transient phenomenon, increase in speed of the runner under no load conditions (runaway), has also been studied under different operating conditions.
Numerical investigation of Cavitation in Francis Turbine
Authors: Twayna Ranjeet , Manandhar Ram , Singh Bikash , Dahal Dadiram , Kayastha Atmaram , Thapa Biraj Singh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cavitation is one of the major challenges in the Himalayan rivers of Nepal that cause damage and degradation of the performance of hydraulic turbine components. Numerical analysis has been performed to investigate the cavitation effect in the Francis turbine. For detection of cavitation, the SST turbulence model using Rayleigh plesset equation has been used in ANSYS-CFX. The turbine is investigated for three different operating conditions i.e. part load, BEP and full load under cavitation and without cavitation. The results are shown based on efficiency, pressure fluctuation, vortex rope and vapor volume fraction. It has been observed that changes in efficiency and pressure distribution are found to be minimal between cavitation and without cavitation conditions at rated discharge and head. Under part load condition, turbine efficiency loss and vapor bubbles formation at the leading edge of the runner blade is found to be maximum.
Study on Setting Elevation of Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump Based on Cavitation Characteristics
Authors: Qi Dunzhe , Yao Rao , Zhang Haichen , Shen Yubin , Song Xijie , Wang Zhengwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Setting elevation is an important factor affecting the safe operation of pumps, and the empirical calculation method in engineering cannot fully reflect the cavitation characteristics. In this paper, numerical simulation of cavitation in double-suction centrifugal pump with clearances is carried out. The cavitation characteristics under different flow rates was analyzed based on the setting elevation from the empirical method. It was found that there was cavitation inception under both large flow rate and small flow rate. The cavitation characteristics of the pump with different net positive suction head available (NPSHa) is analyzed. It is found that there is no obvious change in the pump characteristics from cavitation inception to critical cavitation, but after the point of the critical cavitation is reached, a large number of cavities plug the blade passage, and the efficiency decreases rapidly. The results show that in engineer although critical net positive suction head (NPSHc) is considered and the safety margin is increased, it is difficult to ensure that there is no cavitation inception happened in the pump. The cavitation characteristics analyzed by numerical simulation in this paper can provide guidance for the selection of suitable setting elevation.
Numerical analysis of the effect of slit shape on the performance and cavitation instability of liquid rocket inducer
Authors: Kowata A , Kawasaki S , Iga Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional numerical analysis of unsteady cavitation in various inducers with slits of different widths and depths was performed to find the optimal slit shape to suppress the cavitation instabilities. The numerical analysis was performed using ANSYS CFX19.0. The analysis results were evaluated about possibility of suppression of cavitation instabilities and head performance. As a result, the optimum slit shape was suggested. It was also suggested that it is important to top the cavity growth near the slit for to the suppression of the cavity asymmetry.
Credibility of Rotating Disc Apparatus for investigating sediment erosion in guide vanes of Francis turbines
Authors: Aryal Shekhar , Chitrakar Sailesh , Shrestha Rajendra , Jha Ajay kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEstimation of sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines is limited by the broad range of dependent parameters, such as characteristics of sediment, base materials and flow conditions. Some mathematical models have been proposed in the past literatures and some of them has been incorporated in a CFD tool for predicting the erosion together with the flow conditions. Rotating Disc Apparatus is a simplified experimental setup that was initially developed targeting on erosion studies in Francis turbines. However, the closeness of the results obtained from this apparatus with the actual turbine remains uncertain. This paper focuses on investigating the flow phenomena inside the region of guide vanes using RDA and comparing with the actual turbine. A reference case of Jhimruk hydropower plant has been taken in this study, which has been scaled down with a factor of 1.6 from its original size. The numerical fluid domain consists of four rotating blades distributed around the disc uniformly. The pressure distribution around the guide vanes inside RDA along with development of the tip-vortices have been compared with the results from the past research works. The experiment consists of a qualitative analysis of the wear pattern, which has been compared with the results of the CFD. It is found that flow field around guide vanes inside RDA matches closely with that of the real turbine. The stagnation point and development of the pressure and suction sides are similar to the actual guide vanes, which makes the apparatus suitable for investigating the erosion after including the sediment particles. However, more investigations might be needed for using the same apparatus for the runner blades, or guide vanes at different operating conditions.