bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique dynamic profiles of social attention in autistic females
Authors: Del Bianco Teresa , Mason Luke , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Loth Eva , Tillmann Julian , Charman Tony , Hayward Hannah , Gleissl Teresa , Buitelaar Jan K. , Murphy Declan G.M. , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Bölte Sven , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. ,   The EU‐AIMS LEAP Group
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSocial attention affords learning opportunities across development and may contribute to individual differences in developmental trajectories, such as between male and female individuals, and in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism.MethodsUsing eye‐tracking, we measured social attention in a large cohort of autistic (n = 123) and nonautistic females (n = 107), and autistic (n = 330) and nonautistic males (n = 204), aged 6–30 years. Using mixed Growth Curve Analysis, we modelled sex and diagnostic effects on the temporal dynamics of proportional looking time to three types of social stimuli (lean‐static, naturalistic‐static, and naturalistic‐dynamic) and examined the link between individual differences and dimensional social and nonsocial autistic traits in autistic females and males.ResultsIn the lean‐static stimulus, average face‐looking was higher in females than in males of both autistic and nonautistic groups. Differences in the dynamic pattern of face‐looking were seen in autistic vs. nonautistic females, but not males, with face‐looking peaking later in the trial in autistic females. In the naturalistic‐dynamic stimulus, average face‐looking was higher in females than in males of both groups; changes in the dynamic pattern of face looking were seen in autistic vs. nonautistic males, but not in females, with a steeper peak in nonautistic males. Lower average face‐looking was associated with higher observer‐measured autistic characteristics in autistic females, but not in males.ConclusionsOverall, we found stronger social attention in females to a similar degree in both autistic and nonautistic groups. Nonetheless, the dynamic profiles of social attention differed in different ways in autistic females and males compared to their nonautistic peers, and autistic traits predicted trends of average face‐looking in autistic females. These findings support the role of social attention in the emergence of sex‐related differences in autistic characteristics, suggesting an avenue to phenotypic stratification.
Clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of follicular unit transplantation vs. Mini‐Punch grafting in the repigmentation of resistant and stable vitiligo: A comparative study
Authors: Mokhtar Mennah , El‐Ashmawy Amal Ahmad , Mostafa Walid Ahmed , Gamei Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious surgical modalities and transplantation techniques had been evolved for the treatment of recalcitrant stable vitiligo. Each of these techniques has its own limitations and side effects. There are insufficient studies evaluating the efficacy of transplantation of hair follicle (HF) units as a surgical modality for vitiligo treatment in comparison with the classic mini‐punch grafting.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of follicular unit transplantation (FUT) with mini‐punch grafting (mPG) in cases of resistant and stable vitiligo.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with stable vitiligo were included. Treated areas were classified into 2 groups: group I: Areas were treated with the FUT technique and group II: Areas were treated with mPG technique. Treated areas were exposed to narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for 6 months. After 3 months, follow‐up patients' response was evaluated clinically and by dermoscopy.ResultsBoth techniques showed efficacy in repigmentation of stable vitiligo. Group II showed a statistically significant higher percentage of repigmentation and significant earlier repigmentation than group I. Cobblestone‐like appearance was the major complication in group II, while no serious side effect was reported in group I. Leukotrichia was present in 8 patients, and 6 of them showed hair repigmentation evidently in group I.ConclusionBoth techniques are effective, safe, and inexpensive methods of surgical repigmentation of stable localized/segmental vitiligo. mPG gives earlier and better percent of repigmentation, with higher incidence of cobblestoning. FUT is a good alternative for mPG, especially in hairy areas with better cosmetic outcome and minimal complications.
Debt Refinancing and Equity Returns
Authors: FRIEWALD NILS , NAGLER FLORIAN , WAGNER CHRISTIAN 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper presents empirical evidence that the maturity structure of financial leverage affects the cross‐section of equity returns. We find that short‐term leverage is associated with a positive premium, whereas long‐term leverage is not. The premium for short‐term compared to long‐term leverage reflects higher exposure of equity to systematic risk. To rationalize our findings, we show that the same patterns emerge in a model of debt rollover risk with endogenous leverage and debt maturity choice. Our results suggest that analyses of leverage effects in asset prices and corporate financial applications should account for the maturity structure of debt.
Late presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip after a normal hip ultrasound at 6 weeks of age: A report of two cases
Authors: Pan Tommy , Armstrong Douglas G. , Hennrikus William L. 
Published: May 2022

Developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) is a paediatric condition in which the ‘ball and socket’ hip joint fails to form properly during infancy. The increased mechanical stress on the hip joint from DDH can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis during adulthood. Therefore, careful physical examination and imaging of all infants to diagnose DDH is critical to provide the best possible functional outcome. Ultrasonography (US) is a useful diagnostic test in providing a real‐time evaluation and three‐dimensional view of the hip in infants less than 4 months. In infants with a normal hip ultrasound, the risk of subsequent development of hip dysplasia at an older age and the need for further follow‐up is assumed to be unnecessary. In the present study, we report 2 cases of late presenting DDH in infant girls born breech with a previous normal hip exam and normal hip ultrasound at 6 weeks of age.
The interactive effects of oral health literacy and acculturation on dental care use among Hispanic adults
Authors: Nguyen Daisy Patiño , McQuistan Michelle R. , Qian Fang , Hernández Marcela , Macek Mark D. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssess whether there is an interactive effect between oral health literacy and acculturation on dental care use for Hispanic adults.MethodsSelf‐identifying Hispanic adults participated in this observational study (N = 338). Oral health literacy (low vs. high) was measured using the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK). Acculturation (low vs. high) was measured using the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) and operationalized a second way by the language in which the survey was completed (English or Spanish). The outcome was dental care use in the past year (yes/no). Confounder‐adjusted modified Poisson regression models were run to generate risk ratios (RR) and to test the hypothesis that participants with high oral health literacy and high acculturation would be more likely to have used dental care in the past year than participants with low oral health literacy and low acculturation.ResultsAbout 65% of participants used dental care in the past year. The final models failed to show that participants with high oral health literacy and high acculturation were more likely to have used dental care than other participants. However, in the language proxy interaction model, participants with high oral health literacy and low acculturation were significantly more likely to have used dental care than participants with low oral health literacy and low acculturation.ConclusionThere may be an interaction between oral health literacy and acculturation when modeling dental care use for Hispanic adults that should be further explored.
Impact of frailty on the short‐term outcomes of elderly intensive care unit patients
Authors: Su Ruei‐Ning , Lai Wei‐Shu , Hsieh Chih‐Cheng , Jhang Jing‐Nian , Ku Yun‐Chen , Lien Hui‐I 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty leads to multiple unfavourable outcomes in older adults. However, few studies have investigated correlations between frailty and its impacts on morbidity and mortality of elderly patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in Taiwan.AimsTo investigate the impact of frailty on the risk of hospital and 30‐day mortality and functional outcomes of elderly Taiwanese ICU patients.Study DesignA prospective observational study was conducted. Patients aged 65 years or older were recruited from three medical ICUs. We defined ‘frailty’ according to the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) higher than 4 within 1 month prior to admission. The primary outcomes were hospital and 30‐day mortality. The secondary outcome was CFS changes at ICU admission, hospital discharge, and 30‐day follow‐up. Logistic/Cox regression was used to analyse the data.ResultsWe recruited a total of 106 patients, 57 (54%) of whom were classified as frail. The overall mortality rate was 21%. Hospital mortality and mortality within 30 days after discharge were higher in the frail patients without a significant statistical difference (hospital mortality: 17.5% vs. 12.2%, p = .626; 30‐day mortality: 26.3% vs. 14.3%, p = .200). The risk of 30‐day mortality for frail patients was up to 2.84 times greater than that of non‐frail patients in the Cox model (hazard ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [0.96, 8.38]). Both non‐frail and frail patients had a worse CFS score on admission, but the CFS score of surviving non‐frail patients improved significantly over the medium term.ConclusionFrailty tended to increase short‐term ICU mortality risk and worsen functional outcomes in the elderly Taiwanese population. This information might guide critical medical decisions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFrailty could be included in the prognostic evaluation of either mortality risk or functional outcome. Prompt palliative care might be one last piece of holistic elder care.
Skin manifestations in pediatric obesity: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Albaghdadi Mohammed , Dossi Maria , Grewal Preeti , Hamilton Jill , Pope Elena , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData on skin manifestations associated with pediatric obesity are limited. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association of pediatric obesity with skin dermatoses and dermatologic quality of life. Our findings suggest that ongoing monitoring of skin problems is recommended for children with obesity.
Rising Threats in the US It Can Happen Here: White Power and the Rising Threat of Genocide in the US
Authors: Edelman Marc 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe Trump presidency in the United States and the consolidation of strongman regimes in Turkey, Russia, India, Hungary, Brazil, and elsewhere sparked new concern about authoritarianism among scholars, including anthropologists. The Society for Cultural Anthropology recently ran a blog series on “American Fascism,” Anthropology Now devoted an issue to the current U.S. conjuncture, and this reviewer and others have highlighted the urgency of analyzing the rightwing offensive. In this outpouring of apprehension, Alexander Hinton's new book occupies a special place.
When Misfortune Becomes: Evolving Human Rights Struggles for Health and Social Equality
Authors: Porras Raúl Márquez 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAlicia Ely Yamin offers a journey through a half a century of struggle for the recognition and expansion of human rights in their social, economic and cultural dimensions, focusing on the right to health and, more specifically, on the sexual and reproductive health rights of women. This chronological journey examines laws and regulations, decision‐making forums and legal cases that have been milestones in the global history of human rights—events that the author selects from her vast direct knowledge and involvement.
Association between familism and mental health in dementia caregivers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Zhiwu , Xiong Chuyan , Wang Yingmin , Tao Hongmei , Zhou Shuang , Yan Jun 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDementia caregivers suffer from mental health problems while caring for dementia patients. As a core value, familism has been linked to the mental health of dementia caregivers. This study aims to systematically review the familism of dementia caregivers and to examine the association between familism and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden in empirical research studies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in various databases like Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases from inception till April 2021. Fisher's z was calculated with correlation coefficient or regression coefficient values for three familism dimensions and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden. All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (CMA) version 2.0 software.ResultsA total of seven studies with 1178 participants were eligible for the meta‐analysis. For caregivers' anxiety, three of seven studies, with 358 participants, were examined in terms of the average corrected correlation coefficient across the studies. It was found that dementia caregivers' familism was significantly related to anxiety. The pooled z‐value was 0.148 (95% CI = 0.043‑0.253). In addition, caregivers' familism significantly affected depression (z = 0.080; 95% CI = 0.003‑0.156), as did familial obligation (z = 0.122; 95% CI = 0.034‑0.211), but perceived family support was not associated with this (z = 0.051, 95% CI = −0.038‑0.140). As for caregiver burden, there was no evidence that familism was significantly associated with it (z = −0.073; 95% CI = −0.297 to 0.151), including familial obligation and perceived family support (z = −0.087 and −0.089, respectively; 95% CI = −0.278 to 0.104 and −0.335 to 0.157, respectively).ConclusionsAn association between caregiver familism and anxiety/depression exists in dementia patients. More research is needed to explore the relationship between familism and burden.
Modelling Time to Maximum Competency in Medical Student Progress Tests
Authors: McNeish Daniel , Dumas Denis , Torre Dario , Rice Neil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current paper is motivated by longitudinal progress tests given to medical students in the United Kingdom, which are used to assess students' applied medical knowledge during their learning programme. The main analytic interest is the maximum competency each student achieves on the assessment and the point in the programme at which each student attains this competency. Direct estimates of maximum competency and the time at which students realised this competency are useful for optimising allocation of classroom and hands-on experiences, as well as to inform curriculum development. Models have been developed for estimating the timing of a threshold or cut-off common across people or for estimating different rates of change that occur for different phases of time. However, less attention has been paid to models interested in the timing of a value that can change across people—such as maximum competency—and where growth is flat in some phases of time. In this paper, we build a model that borrows pieces from various existing methods such as reparameterisations of polynomial models, splines for ceiling effects, time-to-criterion models, dynamic measurement and non-linear mixed-effect models to allow the motivating questions to be addressed from these data.
Perspectives of internal medicine residents on approaching serious illness conversations
Authors: Lawton Andrew J. , Eldam Alla , Tulsky James A. , Ramani Subha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNavigating serious illness conversations is a critical competency for clinical trainees in any discipline, yet many feel underprepared to engage in such conversations. This study explored the challenges and emotions experienced by residents (junior doctors) when approaching serious illness conversations and how their perceptions might inform the development of effective communication skills curricula.MethodsUsing qualitative methodology, we explored the prior experience of Internal Medicine residents who attended communication skills workshops at Brigham and Women's Hospital between January and May 2020. Using an open‐ended questionnaire, we solicited participants' reflections on conducting serious illness conversations. Narratives were de‐identified and analysed for key themes. The Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board approved the study.FindingsFifty‐one out of 70 eligible residents (72.8%) completed the questionnaire. Qualitative analysis identified five key themes: (a) finding the time to do it right, (b) fear of using the wrong words, (c) managing the patient's response and emotion, (d) not knowing how much they can say and (e) finding meaning and fulfilment. Residents also proposed several practical strategies to enhance their communication training.Discussion and conclusionThough serious illness conversations were reported as stressful, study participants emphasised that the experiences enabled them to forge meaningful therapeutic relationships and led to a sense of fulfilment. The strategies recommended by our residents offer valuable insights to improve communication training, including through increased simulated and real‐time skills practice. Cocreation of curricula by trainees and faculty could potentially address trainees' challenges, promote essential skills, and foster professional identity formation.
Representationalist physicalism
Authors: van Riel Raphael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss a view proposed by Carl Hempel in his paper Reduction: Ontological and Linguistic Facets, published in 1969. Here, Hempel suggested that questions regarding the identification of mental states with physiological states, the relation between sociological phenomena and individual behavioral states, and between biological and physicochemical states should be given what he calls a ‘linguistic’ interpretation. His main point is that whether or not an object is physical or biological depends on how it is, or can be, described. In this paper, I wish to, firstly, explicate Hempel's suggestion, and, secondly, explore one argument in favor of Hempel's account. I will suggest that there is at least one use of the term ‘physical’ in philosophical discourse (and, for that matter, of related terms such as ‘biological’, ‘mental’, ‘natural’ etc.) that should be cashed out in linguistic or representational terms.
Mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD+ uptake are important for improved photosynthesis and seed yield under elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: Feitosa‐Araujo Elias , da Fonseca‐Pereira Paula , Pena Mateus Miranda , Lana‐Costa Jaciara , Coelho Daniel Gomes , de Oliveira Silva Franklin Magnum , Medeiros David Barbosa , Linka Nicole , Araújo Wagner L. , Weber Andreas P. M. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nunes‐Nesi Adriano 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYAs sessile organisms, plants must adapt their physiology and developmental processes to cope with challenging environmental circumstances, such as the ongoing elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cornerstone of plant metabolism and plays an essential role in redox homeostasis. Given that plants impaired in NAD metabolism and transport often display growth defects, low seed production and disturbed stomatal development/movement, we hypothesized that subcellular NAD distribution could be a candidate for plants to exploit the effects of CO2 fertilization. We report that an efficient subcellular NAD+ distribution is required for the fecundity‐promoting effects of elevated CO2 levels. Plants with reduced expression of either mitochondrial (NDT1 or NDT2) or peroxisomal (PXN) NAD+ transporter genes grown under elevated CO2 exhibited reduced total leaf area compared with the wild‐type while PXN mutants also displayed reduced leaf number. NDT2 and PXN lines grown under elevated CO2 conditions displayed reduced rosette dry weight and lower photosynthetic rates coupled with reduced stomatal conductance. Interestingly, high CO2 doubled seed production and seed weight in the wild‐type, whereas the mutants were less responsive to increases in CO2 levels during reproduction, producing far fewer seeds than the wild‐type under both CO2 conditions. These data highlight the importance of mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD+ uptake mediated by distinct NAD transporter proteins to modulate photosynthesis and seed production under high CO2 levels.
Site‐directed integration of exogenous DNA into the soybean genome by LbCas12a fused to a plant viral HUH endonuclease
Authors: Nagy Ervin D. , Kuehn Rosemarie , Wang Dafu , Shrawat Ashok , Duda David M. , Groat Jeanna R. , Yang Peizhen , Beach Steven , Zhang Yuanji , Rymarquis Linda , Carter Sharina L. , Gaeta Robert T. , Gilbertson Larry A. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYHigh efficiency site‐directed chromosomal integration of exogenous DNA in plants remains a challenge despite recent advances in genome editing technologies. One approach to mitigate this problem is to increase the effective concentration of the donor DNA at the target site of interest. HUH endonucleases (ENs) coordinate rolling circle replication. In vitro, they can form stable covalent bonds with DNA that carries their recognition motifs. When fused to a CRISPR‐associated endonuclease, HUH ENs may improve integration rates by increasing the local donor concentration through tethering of the donor to the CRISPR nuclease. We tested this hypothesis by using chimeric proteins between LbCas12a as a CRISPR‐associated endonuclease and the HUH EN from Faba Bean Necrotic Yellow Virus in soybean (Glycine max). Two fusion protein configurations were tested to integrate a 70‐nt oligonucleotide donor into a commercially important target site using protoplasts and in planta transformation. Site‐directed integration rates of the donor DNA, when tethered to the fusion protein, reached about 26% in plants and were up to four‐fold higher than in untethered controls. Integrations via canonical homology‐directed repair or non‐homologous end joining were promoted by tethering in a similar fashion. This study is the first demonstration of HUH EN‐associated tethering to improve site‐directed DNA integration in plants.