bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline: potential role of depressive symptoms
Authors: Schmitz N , Deschenes S , McLeish J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have examined associations of cardiometabolic factors with depression and cognition separately.

Aims
To determine if depressive symptoms mediate the association between cardiometabolic factors and cognitive decline in two community studies.

Methods
Data for the analyses were drawn from the Rotterdam Study, the Netherlands (n = 2940), the Whitehall II study, UK (n = 4469) and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Canada (n = 13,720).

Results
Mediation analyses suggested a direct association between cardiometabolic factors and cognitive decline and an indirect association through depression: poorer cardiometabolic status at time 1 was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms at time 2 (standardised regression coefficient 0.07 and 0.06, respectively), which, in turn, was associated with greater cognitive decline between time 2 and time 3 (standardised regression coefficient of -0.15 and -0.41, respectively).

Conclusions
Evidence from three independent cohort studies suggest an association between cardiometabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline and that depressive symptoms tend to precede this decline.

Key messages
• Cardiometabolic dysregulation and depression might increase cognitive decline.
• The association between cardiometabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline might be mediated by depression.
How life course socioeconomic conditions shape multimorbidity in old age – a scoping review
Authors: Wagner C , Carmeli C , Chiolero A , Cullati S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity is the co-existence of two or more chronic conditions in the same individual and is highly prevalent in ageing populations. Inequity in multimorbidity in old age could have socioeconomic roots that can be traced across the life course. It is, however, unclear if adverse socioeconomic conditions (SEC) at different periods of the life course predict the occurrence of multimorbidity in later life. We reviewed, therefore, studies assessing the association between life course SEC, measured at min. two time points, and later-life multimorbidity. We identified four studies (25,209 participants) with the first measure of SEC in childhood. In these four studies, childhood SEC was associated with multimorbidity in old age, and the associations were partially or fully attenuated upon adjustment for later-life SEC. We identified five studies (91,236 participants) with the first measure of SEC in young adulthood, and the associations with multimorbidity in old age as well as the effects of adjustment for later-life SEC differed from one study to the other. In conclusion, SEC in early life could have an effect on multimorbidity, attenuated at least partly by SEC in adulthood. Our results suggest that interventions and health promotion aiming to reduce the risk of multimorbidity in old age should target early-life socioeconomic conditions.
Challenges in transferring GP to heterogeneous contexts: the JADECARE Joint Action
Authors: Txarramendieta J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this first presentation of the workshop, Jon Txarramendieta, the Project Manager at the Coordination team of JADECARE will present the Joint Action and the challenges in transferring the good practices to the heterogeneous context of the Next Adopters. It will give context to the workshop and introduce good practices that are transferred into action.
Consumption of legumes in children from 3 to 6 years – evaluation of an intervention program
Authors: Amaral A , Carvalho A , Lima J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Eating habits are a key aspect of a healthy lifestyle. This study focuses on the importance of consuming legumes - rich and accessible source of protein, and a healthy and sustainable option, in environmental terms - contributing to increment health literacy levels at the population level.

Objectives
To design, implement and evaluate a program to promote the consumption of legumes - Beans4Life. Specifically, to assess its impact on the knowledge and frequency of consumption of the eight legumes (beans, grain, peas, beans, beans, lentils, chickpeas and lupins).

Methods
Pre-test post-test analytical study, with three evaluation moments: 1) before the intervention; 2) after the intervention with the children and 3) after the intervention with the guardians (end of the intervention). Participants: 90 children from 3 to 6 years old (54.4% male) and their guardians. Instruments: questionnaire to assess knowledge and food preferences, questionnaire on eating habits and a questionnaire to evaluate sessions. The intervention had two components, the first with the children (4 food education sessions) and the second with the families (activities that facilitate the inclusion of recipes with legumes in the family's daily life).

Results
Before the intervention, the results obtained show low levels of knowledge and frequency of consumption of legumes, influencing low health literacy. Peas and beans are the best known legumes (81.1% and 55.6%) and also preferred (77.8% and 73.3%). The results obtained in the second and third assessments show that there was a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in the knowledge and frequency of consumption of most legumes.

Conclusions
The objectives initially proposed were achieved and it will be pertinent to continue the present study, with larger samples, in order to increase health literacy awareness and the consumption of this food group in childhood, and provide more robust results that help to clarify the relationships found.
Suicide Trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and the International COVID-19 Suicide Prevention Research Collaboration
Authors: John A , Pirkis J , Gunnell D , Spittal M , Del Pozo Banos M , Arya V , Shin S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There was and still is much speculation about the COVID-19 pandemic impact on suicide rates. We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates around the world.

Methods
We sourced real-time suicide data from countries or countries areas through a systematic internet search (official websites of Ministries of health, police agencies, and government-run statistics agencies or equivalents), recourse to our networks (e.g. ICSPRC) and the published literature (a living systematic review). We used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 in each country or country area, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic (from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the primary analysis). We have now updated this work to cover the first 15 months of the pandemic and stratified analyses by age and sex and method. We will present findings from the new updated data (35 countries) at the conference.

Results
Initially we sourced data from 21 countries (16 high-income and five upper-middle-income countries). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs based on the observed versus expected numbers of suicides showed no evidence of a significant increase in risk of suicide since the pandemic began in any country or area. There was statistical evidence of a decrease in suicide compared with the expected number in 12 countries or areas.

Conclusions
This was the first study to examine suicides occurring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple countries. Early on high-income and upper-middle-income countries, suicide numbers remained largely unchanged or declined compared with the expected levels based on the pre-pandemic period. We need to remain vigilant and be poised to respond as the longer-term mental health and economic effects of the pandemic unfold. We will present updated findings with more recent data.
The WHO initiative to measure the effectiveness and impact of PHSM – key activities in 2022
Authors: Ludolph R , Takahashi R , Nguyen T , Briand S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The presentation will focus on two main outcomes of the WHO initiative: a global research agenda to steer future evidence generation on PHSM, and a central monitoring system for PHSM research. In September 2021, a global technical consultation with over 60 global experts was organized to review the existing evidence on PHSM and identify the initiative's priorities. The consultation provided an opportunity to have an initial discussion on potential research priorities. This became the basis for an iterative online consultation process. The draft research agenda includes seven main research themes including effectiveness, unintended consequences, methodological challenges and implementation considerations affecting the uptake of and adherence to PHSM. Workshop participants will be invited to comment on the suggested themes and propose additional priority questions for the research agenda. The central research monitoring system will consist of a global repository of primary studies and reviews investigating the effectiveness and broader multisectoral impact of PHSM. Indexed studies will be mapped against the key themes of the research agenda, facilitating real-time monitoring and evaluation of its progress. An AI-based mechanism for automated updating of systematic reviews will complement the database. This one-stop shop will allow researchers and decision-makers worldwide to access the latest evidence on PHSM and keep track of the synthesized effectiveness and impact of different interventions and combinations. The platform will further provide a protected working interface. This monitoring system for PHSM research enables timely access to and utilization of evidence indecision-making processes during health emergencies and fosters international collaboration on the analysis and interpretation of data. Workshop participants will be invited to review the alpha version of the platform.
The health system and health impacts of primary healthcare reform in China: A systematic review
Authors: Cai C , Xiong S , Millett C , Tian M , Hone T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
China has undergone a comprehensive primary healthcare(PHC) reform since 2009 aiming to deliver accessible, higher-quality, and equitable healthcare. However, there is limited understanding of the effectiveness of this reform. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on health system and health impacts of this reform.

Methods
We searched 13 international databases and three Chinese databases for quantitative studies assessing the impacts of this reform published between January 2009 and March 2020. We searched for studies in English or Mandarin. Eligible study designs were RCTs, quasi-experimental studies and controlled before-after studies. We included studies that: assessed PHC policies since 2009; had geographical, temporal or population comparators; and assessed any outcome measures of health expenditures, health service utilisation, quality of care or health outcomes. Study quality was assessed using ROBINS-I, and results synthesized narratively. PROSPERO: CRD42021239991.

Results
Of 35,480 titles, 37 studies were included (27 in English and ten in Mandarin). Eight were considered at low risk of bias. The 37 studies covered all major PHC policies since 2009, but mostly focused on the essential medicine (N = 15) and financing (N = 10). The quantity and quality of studies on service delivery policies(e.g., family physician and essential health services), were low(N = 3,with moderate or serious risk of bias). 17 studies found that the PHC reforms promoted primary care utilisation. Its impacts on quality and health improvement appear limited to people with chronic diseases(N = 11). Evidence on primary care costs and OOPs were not clear. Some evidence showed that the reforms were pro-equity with benefits accrued in disadvantaged regions and groups.

Conclusions
Comprehensive PHC reforms can deliver some benefits related to utilisation and health for high-risk and vulnerable populations. Policymakers should continue to prioritize PHC to achieve Universal Health Coverage.

Key messages
• The finding suggests that large-scale and comprehensive primary healthcare reforms can deliver benefits related to utilisation and health for high-risk and vulnerable populations.
• Future research should include more robust study designs and seek to better understand the impact of major PHC reforms on quality of care, health outcomes and equity.
Covid-19 pandemic in north-west Italy: the potential role of meteorology, air pollution and pollens
Authors: Squillacioti G , Scaioli G , Cassardo C , Arduino G , Siniscalco C , Siliquini R , Bono R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Italy was the first western country severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic attesting more than 16 million cases since the outbreak began. Po Valley regions have been most afflicted, with Piedmont ranking sixth at 25,899 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Within this area, air dispersion is hampered making Po Valley a recognised air pollution hotspot. We aimed to explore the potential association between the environment and Covid-19 incidence.

Methods
Daily key air pollutants (NO2, NO, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5), meteorological parameters (temperature, %humidity, wind speed and solar radiation), pollens and Covid-19 cases were collected from 01/01 to 31/12/2021 in Turin, Italy. This ecological study preliminarily tested correlations (Spearman) between air pollutants and Covid-19 cases.

Results
The Covid-19 pandemic followed a seasonal trend with the highest number of cases (/100,000 inhabitants) in winter and spring (3.1) followed by autumn (1.3) and summer (0.5) (KW test p &lt; 0.0001). Likewise, all air pollutants showed peaks in winter and autumn and sensibly decreased during spring and summer apart from pollens and O3. O3 follows the photochemical processes reaching its peak in the sunniest periods, while pollens undergo their natural vegetative process. Daily Covid-19 cases were positively correlated with daily-averaged NO2 (0.50, p &lt; 0.0001), NO (0.48, p &lt; 0.0001), CO (0.81, p &lt; 0.0001), PM10 (0.36, p &lt; 0.0001), PM2.5 (0.39, p &lt; 0.0001), pollens (0.15, p = 0.073) and inversely with O3 (-0.44, p &lt; 0.0001). We plan future analyses to test the hypothesized association by enhanced models with lagged air pollution variables, with demographic characteristics and meteorological data as potential confounders.

Conclusions
Results from ecological studies may support researchers’ preliminary understanding of the interplay between environment and Public Health issues, including pandemics. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to deepen the complexity of this topic across European regions

Key messages
• The Covid-19 pandemic may be associated with environmental conditions and air pollution but further research is needed.
• Atmospheric particulate matter, including aeroallergens, can favour many airborne-related diseases by acting as immune suppressor and/or carrier, but these hypotheses deserve future research.
Specchio-COVID19: a digital cohort study to improve public involvement in epidemiological research
Authors: Baysson H , Pennacchhio F , Bal A , Pullen N , Lamour J , Semaani C , Zaballa ME , Graindorge C , Guessous I , Stringhini S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
To manage the sanitary crisis and rapidly assess the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the canton of Geneva, we invited previous participants of an annual health survey of the general population to a first serological test. As the pandemic progressed, it become clear that there would be a significant longer impact on health and wellbeing of population. Moreover, there was a need to assess the adherence of the population regarding COVID-19 prevention measures, over time, as well as to provide scientific knowledge about antibodies dynamics and protection from new infections. For all these reasons, a long-term follow-up has been settled via the dedicated digital platform Specchio-COVID19 and on-line questionnaires and repeated serological tests.

Methods
Several measures were designed to maintain high retention and involvement, including regular electronic newsletters with links to a “News” webpage, a “Research” webpage for dissemination of publications and the organization of webinars specifically dedicated to participants. A specific email address and a dedicated hotline were set up so that participants can get in touch with the Specchio-COVID19 team.

Results
Specchio-COVID19 was launched in November, 2020. Up to February 2022, 10'946 individuals (57% women, median age 48) joined the project. Over time, participation rate remains around 65% for each release of questionnaire. 550 participants (5%) definitely dropped out.

Conclusions
Our digital cohort facilitates participants’ involvement, allowing participation from remote locations, organizing webinar, promoting news and scientific information via newsletters and specific webpages and enabling interaction between researchers and participants.

Key messages
• When designing the Specchio-COVID19 digital cohort, the purpose was not only to collect data.
• But to establish a reciprocal exchange of information between researchers and participants, fostering long-term involvement and health empowerment.
The impact of the school-to-work transition on self-rated health & subjective well-being in Germany
Authors: Reuter M , Herke M , Richter M , Diehl K , Hoffmann S , Pischke CR , Dragano N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
During the school-to-work transition (STWT), young people enter different states as vocational training, university or unemployment that may have immediate or long-term effects on health. Since research has not paid much attention to this, we investigate the development of self-rated health (SRH) and subjective well-being (SWB) during the STWT.

Methods
We used data from Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a nationally representative cohort of 11,098 ninth graders (50.5% girls) followed over nine years. Linear panel regression analysis with fixed-effects (FE) was used to explore intra-individual changes in SRH and SWB when moving between different STWT states (school, prevocational program, vocational training, university, employment, unemployment, inactivity). FE impact functions were used to compare trajectories of SRH and SWB by states reached after school-leave. Time-varying control variables were age, household composition, and residential area.

Results
School-leave was linked to increases in SRH and SWB, whereas no impact was found for job entry after vocational training or university. Upward transitions (e.g. from a prevocational program to vocational training, from vocational training to university or from unemployment to employment) increased SRH or SWB, while downward transitions (e.g. from vocational training or employment to unemployment) were related to decreases. Over the years after school-leave, we found a decline in SRH and SWB, which was faster in case of transitions to unemployment or prevocational programs directly after school.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that a smooth STWT is key for good health in youth and adulthood. Health and labour market intervention programs should focus on the time after school-leave, especially on those who are not able to find an academic or vocational training position.
Leo&Giulia: a cartoon series to promote health and prevention in primary school-aged children
Authors: Vecchio R , Meloni A , Gentile L , Gaeta M , Signorelli C , Odone A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic control measures actively involved people who were called to adopt new and unusual lifestyles. In this context, children had to stay home from school for weeks, had to adapt to new teaching methods and give up socializing. In many countries, not much attention was paid to the educational sector, and, ultimately, to children's physical and psychological well-being.

Objectives
In this context, we developed an innovative health education audio-visual model to teach children about public health, empower them to adopt preventive behaviours and limit the risk of infection transmission in schools and in the community.

Results
We designed and produced the animated cartoon series “Leo&Giulia” to convey solid scientific content and key public health messages related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to primary school-aged children. Contents and dialogues were validated by a scientific committee composed of experts in the fields of public health, paediatrics, infectious diseases, and neuroscience, as well as communication experts. The first episode of Leo&Giulia focused on COVID-19 and explained to children what SARS-CoV2 was, its transmission and why schools were closed. Endorsed by the European Commission, it was broadcasted by national public and private television channels and went viral on social media. The second episode of Leo&Giulia, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research, was launched in April 2022 and focused on vaccines and immunization explaining to children how vaccines work and why herd immunity is important for collective health.

Conclusions
Leo&Giulia is an innovative health education project to help children to better understand how to cope with COVID-19 as a public health challenge. More broadly, the series aims to increase youth engagement by promoting public health values and healthy behaviours.

Key messages
• Health promotion targeting children is important and contributes to societal health and wellbeing.
• Cartoon series are an innovative digital health education tool that effectively increase youth engagement on public health values.
Role of surfaces and sinks in the control of multiresistant bacteria in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Marin Caba E , Guerrero Fernandez de Alba I , Soler Iborte E , Rivera Izquierdo M , Valero Ubierna C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Control of multiresistant bacteria (MRB) outbreaks in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a challenge of Public Health. There is strong evidence that surfaces, and sinks are reservoirs of MRB. In 2020, because of isolation of Klebsiella type IMP, OXA-48 and VIM in moist reservoirs in ICU of Clinico San Cecilio Hospital and another carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) outbreak, it arises our aim, which is to highlight the relevance of periodic control of humid reservoirs and surfaces in ICU to prevent MRB transmission.

Methods
Retrospective, descriptive study from March to June 2021. Due to a rise of cases of a CPE outbreak in our ICU in Granada, samples of surfaces and taps of different boxes were taken, after discharging patients and their corresponding terminal cleaning, whether they were CPE-colonised patient or not.

Results
Samples of 20 boxes were taken (N = 325). CPE OXA-48 was isolated in 7,38% of the samples which correspond to 40% of the boxes, most of them Enterobacter cloacae. 25% of the positive samples isolated two types of resistance, OXA-48, and VIM. 79,2% of the positive samples were found in March. The rest of them in April and May, after establishing control measures in surfaces. CPE was isolated in blood pressure monitor, pulse oximeter, electrocardiogram and stethoscope from 6 boxes. 3 CPE humid reservoirs were found in the tap and drain sinks of 2 boxes, one of them with CPE colonised patient.

Conclusions
We have observed the existence of carbapenem-resistant plasmids in surfaces and the persistence of humid reservoirs in our ICU, despite of establishing control measures of an outbreak. In conjunction with classical monitoring measures such as observation and training of hand hygiene, we recommend the use of disposable materials, systematic disinfection of reservoirs, appropriate use of gloves, chlorination of sinks and the goal of an ICU without water should be fundamental elements in the prevention of MRB transmission.

Key messages
• Multifactorial approach for the control of multiresistant bacteria outbreaks in the Intensive Care Unit.
• Intensive Care Unit without water to avoid humid reservoirs of multiresistant bacterias.