bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its correlation with severity of disease
Authors: Sahoo Kshiroda C. , Subhankar Saswat , Mohanta Paresh C. , Jagaty Suman K. , Dutta Pravati , Pothal Sudarsan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed considerably over the past decade. The metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk for developing various noncommunicable diseases. In COPD, it is associated with worsening respiratory symptoms, increasing lung function impairment, pulmonary hypertension, and increasing hospitalizations

Aims:
To determine the prevalence of MS in patients with COPD and correlate it with disease severity

Methodology:
The present study was a cross-sectional observational study. Patients confirmed by spirometry to have COPD were included in the study. All demographic data and anthropometric, radiological, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The definition stated by modified NCEP ATP III criteria proposed by the AHA/NHLB (2005) was followed to identify patients with MS. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for Windows

Results:
A total of 76 patients were included in the study. MS was recorded in 42.1% of COPD cases. The average number of exacerbations and hospitalizations due to COPD in MS cases (1.38 ± 1.95 and 0.97 ± 1.51) were more than the patients without MS (1.27 ± 1.30 and 0.68 ± 0.96). The majority of patients with MS exhibited grade 3 dyspnea based on modified medical research council grading (MMRC). MS was commonest in patients with GOLD stage III disease. High serum triglyceride level was observed in an increasing trend (25%, 30%, 35.5%, and 75%) in GOLD stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively

Conclusion:
Patients with MS present with more severe disease and frequent exacerbations. All COPD patients should be screened for MS at the primary level.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated healthcare workers
Authors: Mishra Sanjeeb Kumar , Pradhan Subrat Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Panda Bimal Krushna , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Sahu Sumanta Kumar , Kshatri Jaya Singh 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Since the novel SARS-CoV-2 has been detected and the ensuing pandemic, the search for a cure or prevention has been the only target of the medical fraternity. As the second wave racked havoc, vaccines seemed to be the only viable option to stop this global surge. World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently the Government of India have issued emergency use authorization to two vaccines. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and identify predictors of antibody titers in vaccinated healthcare workers in VIMSAR, Burla.

Methods:
This is a part of the ongoing, repeated cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled well above the sample size (322) to increase precision. Two rounds of the survey were conducted and are being reported. Serum IgG antibodies against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2S is an immunoassay by ECLIA-based Cobas e411 analyzer. Univariate and multivariate regression were used in statistical analysis.

Results:
Our results show that 95.1% and 99.5% of the vaccinated individuals have developed antispike protein antibodies after the first and second doses, respectively. Previous COVID-19 infection was significantly correlated with antibody production, and age was negatively correlated. No difference was reported for sex, occupation, and diabetes.

Conclusion:
Our interim analysis report is coherent with the available literature and research regarding the high efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine as far as seroconversion is concerned.
Oral nifedipine and parenteral isoxsuprine in arresting preterm labor
Authors: Ray Namrata , Kshirsagar Nitin 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of oral nifedipine and parenteral isoxsuprine in arresting preterm labor. Considering the paucity of studies comparing these two agents, a comparative analysis is obligatory.

Materials and methods:
Eighty antenatal women in the gestational age range of 28–37 weeks, with regular uterine contractions, cervical dilatation ≤3 cm, and <50% cervical effacement, admitted with complaints of preterm labor pain were randomized to receive either 40 mg isoxsuprine or 20 mg nifedipine. Efficacy of the drugs was measured in terms of arrest of preterm labor, prolongation of pregnancy, and the days gained by infant before birth.

Results:
Isoxsuprine showed increased lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and slightly higher maternal pulse rate, but higher fetal pulse rate post-administration in comparison to nifedipine (P < 0.05). Isoxsuprine was significantly associated with more side effects. Pregnancy was more prolonged in the nifedipine group (25 days) than in the isoxsuprine group (19 days) (P < 0.05). The birth weight of neonates in group B was more than that of neonates in group A (P < 0.05). At 5 min after birth, none of the neonates in group B had an Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) abnormal score <7, compared to neonates in group A. Majority of neonates in group A showed tachycardia and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (17.5% and 12.5%, respectively), compared to group B (12.5% and 7.5%, respectively). The overall success rate was better in group B (86.8%) compared to group A (80%).

Conclusion:
Nifedipine was slightly more effective in arresting preterm labor with fewer side effects, compared to isoxsuprine.
An epidemiological study on factors influencing gaming disorder
Authors: Wani Rabbanie Tariq , Rashid Imrose , Chowdri IqraNisar , Qazi Tanzeela Bashir 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Gaming disorders have increased over time due to easy availability of online gaming. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the gaming disorders

Methods:
An online questionnaire was circulated on gaming platforms for the assessment as per IGD-20 and DSM-5 criteria

Results:
A significant correlation was found between duration of play and gaming disorders (r = 0.131, P < 0.05). The scores were concurrent as per IGD-20 and DSM-5 criteria

Conclusion:
Undiagnosed gaming disorder among gamers needs to be addressed. Duration of playing of games also needs to be checked to reduce the prevalence of gaming disorders.
Psychological and stigma profiles of HIV patients in a North-Central city of Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Abdullahi , Osinubi Medinat O. , Fasiku Mojirola M. , Uthman Muhammed M.B. , Soyannwo Tolulope , Jimoh Saheed O. , Olubodun Tope 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity and disease. Researchers and clinicians have mainly focused on health outcomes that are physically or laboratory measured. These, however, do not reflect how the affected individual feels and functions in daily life. This study assessed the psychological and stigma profiles of patients attending HIV clinics in a North-central State of Nigeria.

Methods:
The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 384 HIV-positive patients who were systematically recruited at 5 public service delivery sites in Ilorin, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Level of significance was pre-determined at P value < 0.05 at a confidence level of 95%.

Results:
Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported being anxious about their condition and 25.5% felt depressed. Eighty-six percent received adherence counselling and 82.3% received psychological care from support groups. In the psychological domain, majority (74.5%) of the respondents had high health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There was a statistically significant association between employment status and psychological domain of HRQoL. As regards stigma, majority experienced high stereotype stigma (73.7%) and 67.2% experienced high stigma as pertains disclosure.

Conclusion:
Health workers should promote psychological support of HIV patients, for example, in form of support groups and adherence counseling. Efforts by government and corporate bodies should be geared towards employment empowerment of PLWHA which may help improve quality of life.
The circadian preference to operate electively among surgeons
Authors: Arab Khalid , Mortada Hatan , Alarki Subhi M. K. Zino , Alyousef Loujain A. , Alharthi Sawsan A. , Alnowaiser Maha W. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The circadian rhythm is unique to each individual. The time of the day when an individual is most productive is determined by several factors associated with circadian rhythm. Some evidence suggests that late-night surgeries are associated with a better prognosis and a lower rate of complications than those performed at other times of the day. However, the impact of surgeons’ preferred operating time on patients remains unclear

Objective:
The present study is the first to examine at what time of the day surgeons prefer to operate

Methods:
This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study involved 15 items designed to interrogate surgeons’ preferred time of day to operate. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to the consultants of different surgical specialties after explaining the purpose of the study and obtaining their consent to participate

Results:
A total of 226 surgeons participated in this study, of which 192 (85%) were men. Most (25.2%) consultants were general surgeons. The weekly workload for most (66.4%) surgeons was 41–60 h. The surgeons indicated their preference to operate in the early (11.9%) or late morning (71.2%), early (15.0%) and late (1.3%) afternoon, and evening (0.4%). The key determinant of their preference was the availability of hospital resources (36.3%). Men and women tended to prefer operating in the early morning and afternoon and late afternoon, respectively

Conclusions:
In the present study, most surgeons preferred to operate between 8 am and 12 noon (late morning), and their preference was determined by the availability of hospital resources.
Student’s perception of utility and application of skills taught during the foundation course at a medical college in central Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gangwar Vibha , Singh Manish Kumar , Lumbani Amrita 
Published: May 2022

Context:
“Foundation course” is an orientation program for MBBS students at time of entry into medical college.

Aims:
To study the MBBS student’s perception of relevance and level of confidence in application of skills acquired in foundation course and its predictors.

Settings and Design:
A cross sectional study was done among second year MBBS students at a medical college in central Uttar Pradesh, India.

Methods and Material:
Data was collected online using a Google form over 1 month. About 97 (out of 200) students participated in the study. Final analysis was done for 94 responses.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi Square test for proportions.

Results:
Overall 83% students found foundation course to be relevant. Sessions on professional development & ethics (94.6%), biomedical waste management (94.6%), social responsibility of doctors (91.5%), communication skill (93.6%), role and responsibilities of Indian Medical Graduate (93.6%), universal precautions (91.5%), immunisation (91.5%) and assessing E –resource (90.4%) were rated as most relevant. Computer skills and sports/extra-curricular activities were perceived as non-relevant by 29% and 16% students respectively. Overall 61% students were confident about application of knowledge/skills acquired in the foundation course. A significant difference was observed for gender and medium of education with regards to level of confidence in application of certain skills/knowledge.

Conclusions:
Foundation course was perceived as relevant by most students. However, level of confidence with regards to application of skills/knowledge was found to be variable with significant difference for some variables.
Delayed liver toxicity and delayed gastroenteritis
Authors: Tiewsoh Iadarilang , Bhattacharya Prasanta K. , Barman Bhupen , Barman Himesh , Rapthap Kamwamangika , Sangla Lima , Lynrah Kyrshanlang G 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Mushroom poisoning occurs from consumption of the wild variants of mushroom containing varied forms of toxins. Among those toxins, amatoxin containing mushrooms are known for the significant morbidity and mortality from hepatic toxicity and delayed gastroenteritis. Although not a very common cause of poisoning, it is prevalent in the north-eastern region of India, especially during the rainy summer seasons when the wild variants are found abundantly and often confused with the edible variants.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the clinical and biochemical profiles and short term outcomes of patients with mushroom poisoning admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed the data of patients with mushroom poisoning admitted to a tertiary care institute in north-eastern India between January 2015 to December 2020 to study their clinical and biochemical profiles, and short-term outcomes. Their clinical features, biochemical parameters, management, and in-hospital outcomes were noted. All data was recorded in Microsoft MS Excel and analyses done using SPSS version 22.

Results:
Of the 44 patients with mushroom poisoning, 23 (52%) were male and 21 (47%) were female, with a mean age of 20.13 years. Seventeen patients (38%) had delayed liver failure and delayed gastroenteritis, 19 patients (43%) had acute gastroenteritis syndrome, 5 patients (11%) had cholinergic symptoms, one patient (2%) each had acute kidney injury and a disulfiram-type reaction with headache. The mean hospital stay of the patients was 5 days. In-hospital mortality occurred in 10 (58%) patients with delayed liver failure and none of the patients with the other complications died.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a high prevalence of mushroom poisoning that caused delayed liver toxicity and delayed gastroenteritis, probably amatoxin-induced, which is fatal, thus accounting for high mortality and poor outcomes in these patients.
Utility of inquest and medico-legal autopsy in community deaths at tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Parmar Pragnesh B. , Rathod Gunvanti B. , Bansal Prerna , Yadukul S , Bansal Anupam Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In India, inquest is carried out by police or magistrate depending upon the type of death and medico-legal autopsy is carried out by doctor. In some cases, inquest is sufficient to make out necessary information related to death and medico-legal autopsy can be avoided in such death, but medico-legal autopsy has its own value.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective record-based study was carried out at RVRS Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, regarding the correlation of inquest and medico-legal autopsy findings in community deaths which were brought dead to hospital in the year 2020

Results:
A total of 467 cases of community deaths were brought dead for medico-legal autopsy in the year 2020. As per inquest, 7.28% died due to hanging, 3.85% died due to burns, 3.43% died due to electrocution, 16.27% died due to poisoning, and the same was established via medico-legal autopsy without any difference from inquest report. After inquest, in 3% of cases, the cause of death remained undetermined, while after the medico-legal autopsy, it was only 0.86%. The manner of death was undetermined in 3% of cases after inquest, while after the medico-legal autopsy, only in 0.86% of cases

Conclusion:
We recommend proper training of the investigating officers who conduct inquest to overcome the discrepancies observed between the investigating officer and the doctor in ascertaining the cause of death and manner of death in all unnatural deaths in India. If well-trained person will conduct in depth inquest, then medico-legal autopsies can be avoided in certain types of death.
Human papillomavirus bowel colonization in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mosli Mahmoud H. , Albeshri Marwan , Alsanea Mohammad N , AlAmeel Turki , Alabsi Haneen , Alsahafi Majid , Saadah Omar , Qari Yousef 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
Although much of the research on the plausible environmental triggers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has focused on bacterial pathogens, the relationship between bowel colonization with human papillomavirus (HPV) and IBD has not been previously explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HPV ileocolonic colonization and IBD.

Patients and Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study involving consecutive patients with established IBD who were referred for endoscopic evaluation. During endoscopy, mucosal biopsies were obtained from the most inflamed colonic or ileal segments in cases and from the rectosigmoid region for controls. A hybrid capture assay was used to detect tissue HPV. The prevalence of HPV colonization was determined for cases and controls and was compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
A total of 201 patients, including 104 patients with IBD and 97 non-IBD controls, were prospectively included. Females comprised 55.5% of the study participants (58% vs. 55.2% for controls, P = 0.94). Fifty-seven (54.8%) patients had ulcerative colitis, and 45 (43.2%) had Crohn’s disease. The mean age was 43.2 +-18.2 years. Endoscopically active disease was documented in 56 cases (56%). HPV colonization was detected in four (4.1% subjects in controls vs. none in the cases, P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
There was no evidence of HPV ileocolonic colonization in this cohort of patients with IBD, regardless of disease activity. HPV colonization does not appear to be linked to IBD diagnosis or disease severity.
Cognizance towards implementation and adherence of Cigarette and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) directives - A descriptive cross-sectional study among security guards in Goa
Authors: Gaunkar Ridhima , Sanjeevan Vinita , Gadiyar Akshatha , Kamath Vinayak , Rajput Soni , Kamat Amita K. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The use of tobacco has proven to be one of the leading cause of preventable premature deaths and diseases across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that tobacco consumption alone kills more people annually as compared to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), alcohol, and other addictions (drugs, etc.) put together. Although the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) is a powerful Indian national law to curb the tobacco epidemic, the effectiveness of its implementation remains disputed. The current study aims to examine the role of the security guards in the implementation of the COTPA by assessing their awareness

Method:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 258 security guards in Goa to ascertain the knowledge regarding the tobacco legislation in the country. A self-administered 20-item close-ended questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the demographic variables, tobacco use, and knowledge regarding COTPA. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 29.93 ± 6.93 years. Overall, 68.6% of the study participants were aware of any tobacco control law in India. It was observed that 71% of the subjects had adequate knowledge of the COTPA. The participants with higher secondary educational levels had significantly higher knowledge scores

Conclusion:
The overall awareness of the security guard was good but there is a need to provide in-depth knowledge on certain key aspects of the COTPA. Efforts should be made to train the security personnel to increase their awareness of the act.
A Retrospective analysis of the profile of trauma victims presenting to an emergency department in South India
Authors: Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar Abhilash , Jindal Anmol , Hazra Darpanarayan , Biju Albin , Raju Feema , Samarpit C. C. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries.

Methodology:
This retrospective observational study was done in the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care trauma center in Southern India in 2018 (January to December).

Results:
During the study period of 1 year, the ED attended 74,466 patients which included 7675 (10.3%) trauma patients. The mean age was 35.3 (SD: 18.5) years with three-fourth (76.6%) being males. Pediatric/adolescents (age ≤18 years) and geriatric age groups (age ≥60 years) comprised 16.7% and 11.8% cases, respectively. Road traffic accidents (RTA) (66%) were the predominant mode of injury followed by falls (fall from height: 8.6% and fall on level ground: 7.8%). Among the RTAs, the majority were two-wheelers related (73.8%), followed by pedestrian injuries (9.4%) and four-wheelers injuries (7.2%). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed pedestrian injuries, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and hypotension at arrival as independent predictors of hospital mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.7%. A quarter (24%; n = 1841) of the patient’s population was solely managed by the ED team and discharged stable, while 2179 (28.4%) victims required hospital admission.

Conclusion:
Trauma is a major cause of mortality especially among the breadwinners of families in India with almost half being due to two-wheeler accidents. Efficient ED professionals and a multispecialty team of trauma surgeons, neurosurgeons, and orthopedics handle the major load of acute trauma. Pedestrian injuries, low GCS, and hypotension at arrival are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.