bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and reduced dose of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Wang Liang , Xia Junhui , Li Wenyu , Wang Min , Yu Jian , Li Qinying , Wang Bei , Pan Juyuan , Du Lei , Ma Jianhua , Tan Hongmei , Chang Xuechun , Lu Chuanzhen , Zhao Chongbo , Lu Jiahong , Zhou Lei , ZhangBao Jingzi , Quan Chao ,   the Pan‐Yangtze River Delta Alliance for Demyelinating Disease
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeData regarding the efficacy and safety of currently widely available preventive therapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are needed. We compared the efficacy and safety of azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and reduced dose of rituximab (RTX) in NMOSD based on a large multicenter retrospective cohort.MethodsPatients with aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody‐positive NMOSD with AZA (n = 167), MMF (n = 131), or RTX (n = 55) as initial preventive treatment were included. The main outcome was the occurrence of relapse after the initiation of immunotherapy. Secondary outcomes were annual relapse rate, disability accumulation, drug persistence, and adverse events.ResultsThe median follow‐up time of the 353 patients was 30.3 months. The regimen of RTX was 100 mg on Day 1 and 500 mg on Day 2, followed by 500 mg every 6 months. The proportions of patients with concomitant steroid therapy at baseline were 96.4%, 95.4%, and 76.4% in the AZA, MMF, and RTX groups. Risk of relapse was significantly reduced in patients treated with RTX compared with those treated with AZA (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–13.80, p = 0.011) or MMF (HR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.60–16.86, p = 0.006) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Drug discontinuations were less likely on RTX than AZA (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.34–3.66, p = 0.002). RTX exhibited lower incidence of adverse events (32.7%) than AZA (62.3%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe provide Class III evidence that reduced dose of RTX is superior to AZA and MMF as initial treatment to reduce the risk of relapse and is better tolerated than AZA in Chinese patients with AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD.
Effective energy usage and data compression approach using data mining algorithms for IoT data
Authors: Karupusamy Sathishkumar , Refonaa J. , Sankaran Sakthidasan , Dahiya Priyanka , Haq Mohd Anul , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe emergence of technology and communication system paved way for the development of the internet of things (IoT). The IoT system generates diversified data and the quantity of the data is also huge. The IoT systems are developed to adhere to the situation and to make intelligent decisions in a specified time. Hence, the IoT system necessitates high processing and storage environment, which makes the effective response in a short‐duration. The data transmission across the mobile nodes and cloud service has made huge utilization of energy. The storage and energy consumption are considered as major issues in the IoT system whereas these issues will reflect in the performance of the IoT system. Initiation of edge computing into the IoT system permits the workload to be offloaded from the cloud providers, which is attained from the closer location of the source of data. This improves privacy, minimizes the saving time, and traffic. In this article, an Effective Energy usage and Data Compression Approach using Data Mining proposed for IoT data. The proposed approach is investigated by considering the driving behaviour and it achieves effective compression without influencing the quality of the data. The stress level of the driver is also identified with high accuracy.
Updated view of tars for psoriasis: what have we learned over the last decade?
Authors: Ávalos‐Viveros Miguel , Esquivel‐García Roberto , García‐Pérez Manuel , Torres‐García Enelio , Bartolomé‐Camacho María‐Carmen , Santes Víctor , García‐Pérez Martha‐Estrella 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTars are one of the most effective, unknown, and oldest therapies for psoriasis. They include coal tar (CT) and biomass‐derived products. These treatments, particularly the CT, have proven to be cost‐effective with long remission times compared to other systemic or topical treatments. However, they have hardly evolved in recent years, as they are not well‐embraced by clinicians or patients because of concerns regarding cosmesis and safety. This review summarizes current knowledge about the chemical characterization, mechanism of action, toxicity, and clinical studies supporting the use of tars for psoriasis over the last decade. Trends within these above aspects are reviewed, and avenues of research are identified. CT is rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas biomass‐derived tars are rich in phenols. While the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is involved in the antipsoriatic effect of CT, the mechanism of action of biomass‐derived products remains to be elucidated. No conclusive evidence exists about the risk of cancer in psoriasis patients under CT treatment. Large, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trials are necessary to promote the inclusion of tars as part of modern therapies for psoriasis.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome precipitated by Moderna Inc. COVID‐19 vaccine: a case‐based review of literature comparing vaccine and drug‐induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Padniewski Jessica J. , Jacobson‐Dunlop Erick , Albadri Sam , Hylwa Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Moderna COVID‐19 vaccination was approved for use in the United States in December of 20201 and since that time massive public health efforts have been made to vaccinate patients against the COVID‐19 infection. Adverse reactions from the vaccination are well‐reported and include both local skin reactions, such as pain, swelling, and erythema at the injection site, as well as systemic reactions including fever, malaise, headache, muscle aches, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. While severe serious cutaneous adverse reactions, such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), remain rare; two cases of SJS/TEN related to COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported. We herein review the two previously reported cases of SJS/TEN and report the first case of SJS precipitated by the Moderna Inc., MRNA 1273 COVID‐19 vaccination in the United States. Although we review potential adverse reactions to vaccination, the benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination outweigh the risks based on current data. Cases should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (https://vaers.hhs.gov/) to help public health officials recognize and track these severe but rare adverse events.
Steam‐exploded camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed protein improves the stability of camellia seed oil emulsions
Authors: Zhang Shanying , Yin Fengman , Zheng Lili , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yang Yang , Xiao Dao , Ai Binling , Sheng Zhanwu 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWe aimed here to investigate the ability of steam‐exploded camellia seed protein (SECSP) in stabilising steam‐exploded camellia seed oil‐in‐water emulsion in comparison with soy protein isolate (SPI). Emulsions with different SECSP and SPI contents (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g 100 mL−1) were formulated and the effect of protein concentration on emulsion droplet size, zeta (ζ)‐potential, physical stability and bioaccessibility was examined. The stability of emulsion increased with increasing protein concentration. SECSP emulsion was characterised by smaller droplet sizes, higher surface charge and better stability than SPI emulsion. Furthermore, SECSP emulsion exhibited good digestive stability. SECSP emulsion showed creaming only at protein concentrations above 0.5 g 100 mL−1 after 28 days of storage, while SPI emulsion showed stratification and flocculation during the same storage period. Hence, steam explosion pretreatment physical modification of camellia seed protein (CSP) provides a novel approach of utilising proteins for emulsions stabilisation, and digestive stability improvement under gastrointestinal conditions.
Comparative evaluation of physicochemical, functional and texture properties and sensory acceptance of different instant rice varieties coated with Spirulina and edible polymers
Authors: Utama‐ang Niramon , Kuatrakul Ittikorn , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Walter Ponjan , Kawee‐ai Arthitaya 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the influence of Spirulina platensis and edible polymer coating on the physicochemical and texture properties, and sensory acceptance of coated instant rice: glutinous white rice (GWR), glutinous black rice (GBR), non‐glutinous white rice (NWR) and non‐glutinous black rice (NBR). Instant rice was cooked and dried, and then coated by a pan‐coating process. Black rice varieties (GBR and NBR) showed higher amounts of protein, fibre, ash and bioactive compounds than white rice varieties (GWR and NWR). The Spirulina‐coated rice had significantly improved texture properties, especially black rice cultivars. The hedonic rating of the coated instant rice ranged from 5 (neither like nor dislike) to 6 (slightly liked), and GBR obtained a higher acceptability score (6.93). Principal component analysis models allowed sample classification. Therefore, fortification with Spirulina as a coating on instant rice could be an alternative way to produce functional instant rice with extra health benefits.
Polyphenols in fig: a review on their characterisation, biochemistry during ripening, antioxidant activity and health benefits
Authors: Singh Jatinder Pal , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal 
Published: April 2022

SummaryFig fruit (consumed either fresh or dried) is a rich source of polyphenols distributed throughout its peel and pulp. However, the peel part is superior in diversity of these compounds in comparison to the pulp. Fig polyphenols have been extracted both by conventional solid–liquid extraction and novel assisted methods (mainly ultrasound‐assisted and microwave‐assisted procedures). These can be characterised primarily into flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavan‐3‐ols and various flavonol glycosides) and phenolic acids. Figs contain good levels of anthocyanins (such as cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐diglucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside) which impart different colouring hues to these fruits during the ripening process. Moreover, fig polyphenols have associated antioxidant activities and impart many health benefits such as antihyperglycaemic, hepatoprotective and antispasmodic activities. This review provides a thorough information on the fig polyphenols, stressing on their extraction, characterisation as well as quantification, the biochemical changes during the ripening process, associated antioxidant activity and health benefits.
Impact of the frying temperature on protein structures and physico‐chemical characteristics of fried surimi
Authors: Xie Dongfei , Deng Fenghong , Shu Jingxiang , Zhu Chunyan , Hu Xiuting , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn this work, protein structures and properties and physico‐chemical characteristics of surimi fried at different temperatures were studied. The effect of frying on surimi protein structure was characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), intrinsic fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity, intermolecular interaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). SDS‐PAGE analysis observed the appearance of new peptide bands and the weakening of myosin heavy‐chain and actin bands after frying. In addition, frying damaged the hydrogen bond and ionic bond but promoted formation of the disulphide bond. Moreover, β‐sheet and random coil were increased after frying, while α‐helix and β‐turn were decreased. After frying, the surface hydrophobicity of fried surimi decreased and the fluorescence maximum emission wavelength showed a red shift. The above changes indicated occurrence of protein denaturation and degradation, which were dependent on the frying temperature. Moreover, the effect of the frying temperature on physicochemical properties of fried surimi was characterised by measuring the hardness, oil absorption, porosity and water absorption capacity of fried surimi. The moisture loss, oil uptake, porosity and water absorption capacity of the fried surimi increased gradually with the frying temperature. However, the hardness of fried surimi was not positively correlated with the frying temperature but strongly dependent on the porous structure. These results showed that the physico‐chemical properties of the fried surimi were dependent on not only degree of protein denaturation but also the porous structure.
Administration of xylo‐oligosaccharides improves depressive‐like behaviour in mice caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress by altering microbiota composition
Authors: Shu Xiangling , Tong Yanjun , Yang Ruijin 
Published: April 2022

SummaryXylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) is a functional oligosaccharide with prebiotic properties, and could be fermented by gut microbiota. In this study, the modulatory effects of XOS on emotions and behaviours at different dose were investigated based on the mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced depression. The result showed that 0.23 and 0.50 g kg−1 doses of XOS significantly increased sucrose preference index and decreased the immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Meanwhile, the dose of 0.23 g kg−1 day−1 XOS significantly increased the concentration of neurotransmitters, such as 5‐hydroxytryptamine and γ‐ aminobutyric acid. Furthermore, the analysis of the faecal microbiota with XOS intervention showed a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, fewer Desulfovibrio and the SCFA concentrations increased with XOS prevention treatment. These results suggested that the dietary supplementation XOS could improve chronic stress‐induced depressive‐like behaviour by modulating neurotransmitters and reverting gut microbiota changes in mice. These findings present XOS as a potential prebiotic targeting to the gut microbiota for mood disorders.
Advanced insight into the O/W emulsions stabilising capacity of water‐soluble protein from Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Huang Dongjie , Wu Yuhao , Li Wenjing , Zhu Xiaoqi , Liu Jialu , Jiang Yang , Huang Qingrong , Li Dapeng 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTenebrio molitor is rich in protein, but its protein has not been fully utilised in the food industry. In the present study, the physicochemical properties and emulsifying ability of Tenebrio molitor protein (TMP, extracted by the alkaline method) were systematically studied. Results showed that the protein content of TMP was up to 91.2% ± 0.5. SEM and three‐phase contact angle (θ) observations showed that TMP was an amphiphilic protein with spherical structure. Then, TMP was used as a natural emulsifier to construct oil‐in‐water emulsion systems (TMPEs). TMP at concentrations of 0.5–2.5% (m/v) could be used to obtain stable emulsions with 50–80% (v/v) oil fraction under high‐speed dispersion. TMPEs had excellent stabilising effects and the ability to become high internal phase emulsions, and exhibited good thermal stability and pH stability. Moreover, TMPEs demonstrated remarkable shear‐thinning characteristics in rheological test. In general, as a new type of emulsion system, TMPEs showed excellent application prospects. The excellent stabilising effect of TMPEs provided a prerequisite for its commercial application and the delivery of fat‐soluble active ingredients, and our research provided relevant reference for its further application in food industry.
Initial sintering mechanism and additive effect in zirconia ceramics
Authors: Matsui Koji , Hojo Junichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractY2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramics have been used for various engineering applications because of their excellent mechanical properties or oxide‐ion conductivity applicable to solid‐electrolyte. The performance of YSZ depends on the sintered texture that is directly determined by sinterability of raw powders. A new kinetic analysis method of diffusion mechanism based on an initial sintering theory (grain‐boundary or volume diffusion) is theoretically derived, the initial sintering mechanism of hydrolytic YSZ powder is experimentally determined, and the effects of powder characteristics on sinterability are discussed. Furthermore, the additive‐enhanced sintering is proposed. A small amount of Al2O3 significantly enhances the densification. Using the additive effect, the low‐temperature degradation that is the fault of zirconia ceramics can be improved by decreasing the sintering temperature.
Hot oscillatory pressing of B4C ceramics for improving densification and mechanical properties
Authors: Fan Lei , Li Jihe , Huang Yanbo , Gao Yang , Yang Shoulei , An Linan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractB4C ceramics were prepared by conventional hot pressing (HP) and hot oscillatory pressing (HOP). The results show that at the temperature and pressure studied here, the main densification mechanism of HP is grain‐boundary sliding, whereas that of HOP is plastic deformation caused by dislocation gliding, indicating that the oscillatory pressure promoted plastic deformation of the material. The hardness of B4C prepared by HOP reaches 39.5 GPa, which is much higher than the hardness of sample prepared by HP. The current study suggests that HOP is promising for preparing high‐performance B4C ceramics.
Assessing the dynamic changes in vitiligo: reliability and validity of the Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS)
Authors: van Geel N. , Depaepe L. , Vandaele V. , Mertens L. , Van Causenbroeck J. , De Schepper S. , Van Coile L. , Van Reempts A. , De Vos A.‐S. , Papeleu J. , Hoorens I. , Mertens D. , Wolkerstorfer A. , Lommerts J.E. , Speeckaert R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of the individual evolution of vitiligo is important for therapeutic decision making in daily practice. A fast, simple and validated physician‐reported score to assess clinical changes in depigmentation over time in separate parts (activity and improvement) is currently missing.ObjectiveThe main objective of the study was to develop and validate the Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS).MethodsThe Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS) were evaluated based on a photo set of 66 patients with two different time points. In the first (short) version, only the number of changing body regions was counted based on 15 predefined areas (VDAS15 and VDIS15), while in the second (extensive) version the degree of worsening or improvement from +4 to −4 for each body area was added for a more detailed assessment (VDAS60 and VDIS60). Content and construct validity were tested. In addition inter‐, intrarater reliability and feasibility were evaluated by 7 (test) and 5 (retest) physicians.ResultsEvidence for content and construct validity was provided. Overall, VDAS15, VDIS15, VDAS60 and VDIS60 demonstrated good to excellent inter‐rater reliability [intraclass correlation (ICC): VDAS: range = 0.797–0.900; VDIS: range = 0.726–0.798]. The intrarater reliability ICCs were 0.865 and 0.781 for the VDAS15 and VDIS15, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the VDAS60 and VDIS60 (ICC = 0.913 and 0.800, respectively). Completion time was short (median: 122 s/patient (first round); 95 s/patient (second round)].LimitationsSingle tertiary centre mainly of skin phototype 2 to 3.ConclusionThe VDAS and VDIS appear to be valid, reliable and feasible instruments to score the evolution of vitiligo lesions. This accommodates the current urgent need for a simple, standardized and practical assessment of vitiligo activity and improvement over time.
High virulence of a naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungal isolate, Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi, against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Yan‐li Zhang , Hui Dong , Li‐sheng Zhang , Zu‐min Gu , Jin‐cheng Zhou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a new and dangerous invasive pest in many countries. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been considered as potential biological control agents against the FAW. In this study, eight natural fungal strains were isolated from diseased larvae of FAW, and identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides (EFNL‐1), Metarhizium rileyi (EFNL‐2 and EFNL‐8), Fusarium proliferatum (EFNL‐3 and EFNL‐6), F. equiseti (EFNL‐4 and EFNL‐5) and F. tricinctum (EFNL‐7), using the morphological and molecular tools or methods. The instantaneous death risk and mortality of 3rd‐instar larvae inoculated with EFNL‐8 (1 × 108 conidia/ml) were significantly higher than for any other fungal isolates and for the control group. Thereafter, we tested the pathogenicity of EFNL‐8 (1 × 107 conidia/ml) against 1st‐ to 4th‐larvae, pupae, and eggs of FAW. The instantaneous death risk and mortality of 1st‐instar (Median lethal time = 9.02 days; Corrected motality = 88.68%), 2nd‐instar (12.00 days; 62.50%) and 3rd‐instar larvae (13.79 days; 56.67%) inoculated with EFNL‐8 were significantly higher than that of larvae in the control groups. When the eggs of FAW were inoculated with EFNL‐8 (1 × 107 conidia/ml), EFNL‐8 caused eggs (56.62%), and newly hatched neonates after 3 days (68.75%) and 6 days (80.60%) mortality, compared with the control groups. However, the mortality of the EFNL‐8 isolate to 4th‐instar larvae (5.00%) and pupae (14.81%) was low and did not differ from the control groups. This study identified M. rileyi EFNL‐8 as a pathogenic isolate against eggs and 1st‐ to 3rd‐instar larvae of FAW. However, further studies including field validation of this EPF biopesticide candidate should be undertaken in newly invaded areas by the pest.
Effects of hyaluronic acid filler injection for non‐surgical rhinoplasty on first impressions and quality of life (FACE‐Q scale)
Authors: Demesh Daniel , Cristel Robert T. , Gandhi Nimit D. , Kola Eljona , Issa Tariq Z. , Dayan Steven H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe nose is a central visual feature of the face leading many patients wishing to improve their facial esthetic appearance to undergo rhinoplasty. Increasingly more patients are seeking non‐surgical alternatives such as hyaluronic acid filler injections. These treatments have the ability to profoundly impact patients' esthetic appearance and first impressions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of hyaluronic acid filler injection in non‐surgical nasal augmentation on first impressions, quality of life, and to evaluate treatment efficacy in reducing the height of the nasal dorsal convexity.MethodsTen female subjects underwent small‐particle hyaluronic acid filler injection into the nasal soft tissues. Photographs of the subjects were taken at baseline and post‐treatment after achieving an optimal correction result. Patients reported satisfaction with outcomes using a validated patient‐reported outcome measurement tool. Blinded evaluators were used to assess first impressions across specifically defined categories using the baseline and post‐treatment photographs. The height of the pre and post‐injection nasal dorsal convexity was compared.ResultsAll patients experienced a statistically significant reduction in the height of their dorsal nasal convexity. There was significant improvement in patient‐reported outcomes based on all measures of the FACE‐Q scale. A total of 224 evaluators completed blinded assessments of first impressions. Mean first impressions in all eight categories, along with overall first impression score showed statistically significant improvement following treatment.ConclusionHyaluronic acid filler injections for non‐surgical nasal reshaping are a safe and effective method to improve perceived first impressions and to improve patient‐reported self‐esteem and esthetic satisfaction with their nose.