bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between CPAP and health literacy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Li Yu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Terada Jiro , Katsumata Yusuke , Kinouchi Toru , Koshikawa Ken , Yokokawa Daiki , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Noda Kazutaka , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess differences in health literacy between those who improved CPAP non‐adherent and those who remained non‐adherent.MethodsWe included patients newly diagnosed with sleep apnea syndrome who had started CPAP therapy between February 2019 and October 2020 with ≥6 follow‐up months or who self‐interrupted CPAP therapy <6 months. We recorded the CPAP wearing time after 3 and 6 months. Patients were divided into the CPAP adherent (using CPAP for ≥4 h per night) and non‐adherent (self‐interrupted CPAP therapy/using CPAP for <4 h per night) groups. We compared the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire 47 (HLS‐EU‐Q47) score between those who were CPAP non‐adherent after 3 months and become CPAP adherent after 6 months, and those who remained non‐adherent after 6 months.ResultsAt 3 months, 34 patients were CPAP non‐adherent. After 6 months, there were 7 and 27 patients in the CPAP adherent and non‐adherent groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the HLS‐EU‐Q47 score between the patients who became adherent to CPAP and who remained non‐adherent after 6 months.ConclusionPreviously non‐adherent patients who subsequently became adherent tended to have higher health literacy.
The global impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the incidence of pediatric new‐onset type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Keshvari Maryam , Mirnasuri Shahrzad , Yon Dong K. , Lee Seung W. , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractViral infections may increase the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D), and recent reports suggest that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) might have increased the incidence of pediatric T1D and/or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to estimate the risk of global pediatric new‐onset T1D, DKA, and severe DKA before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE was conducted for articles published up to March 2022. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to compare the relative risk of T1D and DKA among pediatric patients with T1D between the COVID‐19 pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods. We also compared glucose and HbA1c values in children who were newly diagnosed with T1D before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. The global incidence rate of T1D in the 2019 period was 19.73 per 100 000 children and 32.39 per 100 000 in the 2020 period. Compared with pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of worldwide pediatric new‐onset T1D, DKA, and severe DKA during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic increased by 9.5%, 25%, and 19.5%, respectively. Compared with pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic levels, the median glucose, and HbA1c values in newly diagnosed T1D children after the COVID‐19 pandemic increased by 6.43% and 6.42%, respectively. The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly increased the risk of global pediatric new‐onset T1D, DKA, and severe DKA. Moreover, higher glucose and HbA1c values in newly diagnosed T1D children after the COVID‐19 pandemic mandates targeted measures to raise public and physician awareness.
Long‐term trends in aerosol optical properties and their relationship with cloud properties over southern India and Sri Lanka
Authors: Chathurangika Nimashi P. M. , Haque Md. Mozammel , Nyasulu Matthews , Khan Rehana , Ahmmad Nazir , Sheikh M. A. Alim , Hossain Mohammad Lokman , Rahman A. K. M. Lutfor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAsia is one of the continents where aerosol levels are comparatively higher across the world. India and Sri Lanka are some of the regions in the South Asian continent where pollution is increasing rapidly due to the rise in industrialization. The present study investigated the interactions between atmospheric aerosol and cloud microphysical properties and their spatial, temporal, and seasonal variation at local and regional scales during 2000–2020 using remotely sensed data sets in south India and Sri Lanka. High values (>0.5) of annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) were detected over southern India. On the other hand, lower values (0.2) were detected over Sri Lanka. In terms of seasonality, a high level of AOD was registered in both southern India and Sri Lanka during the premonsoon and monsoon periods. The angstrom exponent (AE412‐470) revealed the dominance of fine‐mode particles during winter and the postmonsoon, generally from biomass burning and industrial activities. The long‐term analysis exhibited an increasing trend of atmospheric aerosol concentration over southern India and Sri Lanka. Interestingly, there was a decrease in AOD during the year 2020; the reduction in anthropogenic activities in the region was attributed to the COVID‐19 lockdown, hence less accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere. AOD showed a positive correlation with cloud effective radius over the western areas along with the Indian Ocean, north, southeast, and southern end of India, while negatively correlated with high AOD areas such as northeast of the study domain. The AOD and cloud optical depth were positively correlated over continental areas, while negative correlations were notable over the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka, implying heterogeneities of aerosol's effect on cloud microphysical properties over the study area. Finally, the results from wind circulation and backward air mass trajectories reveal higher concentrations of fine‐mode particles associated with the continent, whereas coarse‐mode particles originate from the oceans.
Perspectives from the Fritz‐Scheffer Awardee 2021: Soil organic matter storage and functions determined by patchy and piled‐up arrangements at the microscale
Authors: Schweizer Steffen A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMounting evidence of recent spectromicroscopic insights have revealed that the distribution of mineral‐associated organic matter (OM) at the microscale and nanoscale is organized heterogeneously in patchy and piled‐up arrangements of varying thickness. Spectromicroscopic approaches could show local deterministic features of distinct OM and mineral composition that influence the heterogeneous lateral OM distribution. OM–OM interactions shape vertical and three‐dimensional OM structures with potentially multilayered composition. Conceptualizing mineral‐associated OM as patchy‐distributed and piled‐up has critical implications for our understanding of soil ecosystem functions as it defines their functional properties in compartmentalized regions at the microscale and nanoscale. The concentrated storage of OM associated to only a minor part of mineral surfaces implies that carbon sequestration may be decoupled from a direct limitation by the amount of fine mineral particles while sustaining mineral surface functionality in other parts. At the microscale and nanoscale, differences in altered surface properties, compartmentalized microhabitats, and biotic architectures shape a conceptual understanding where OM storage and other soil functions are driven by spatially resolved interactions. This novel conceptual framework warrants experimental approaches to incorporate the patchy and piled‐up arrangement of OM and upscale potential effects of its heterogeneous arrangement to systematically understand the effectiveness of soil functions.
Different response of proanthocyanidins from Vitis vinifera cv. Monastrell depending on time of elicitor application
Authors: Paladines‐Quezada Diego F , Moreno‐Olivares Juan D , Fernández‐Fernández José I , Bleda‐Sánchez Juan A , Gil‐Muñoz Rocío 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProanthocyanidins (PAs) are phenolic compounds present in skins and seeds of wine grapes and have great implications for plant physiology and wine quality. There are several strategies to increase PA concentration, such as application of elicitors methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and benzothiadiazole (BTH), compounds that can stimulate defence responses like phenolic compound biosynthesis in wine grapes, which have been applied mainly at veraison (beginning of ripening). We recently evaluated the application of MeJ and BTH on Vitis vinifera cv. Monastrell grapes during veraison and mid‐ripening (3 weeks after veraison). Grapes treated at mid‐ripening showed higher anthocyanin concentrations than those at veraison. In this trial, over two seasons, we evaluated whether time of application (veraison or mid‐ripening) of MeJ and BTH on ‘Monastrell’ grapes is a determining factor in the biosynthesis and composition of PAs in grapes and their subsequent release into wines.RESULTSApplication of elicitors at different ripening times produced significant differences in the PAs of ‘Monastrell’ grapes, since those treated at mid‐ripening recorded a higher PAs concentration in skin and seeds, and then in the wines produced, compared to grapes treated at veraison.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that despite different environmental conditions endured in each of the two seasons evaluated, application of elicitors at mid‐ripening of Monastrell grapes could be used to harvest grapes with higher PA concentration, increasing the functional value of the wines, without altering their organoleptic quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of Age and Gender on Quality of Life Among General Otolaryngology Patients
Authors: Raj Christine K. , Kim Ian , Reyes Orozco Francis , Ma Harrison J. , Herrera Kevin , Hur Kevin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe combined effects of age and gender on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in otolaryngology patients are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the effect of age on HRQoL differs by gender in otolaryngology patients.MethodsPatients seen in a general otolaryngology clinic were included in this retrospective chart review. HRQoL was measured by the SF‐6D score. Patient characteristics, including demographics and category of chief otolaryngology complaint, were extracted from medical records. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to analyze the combined effect of age and gender on HRQoL. The model was adjusted for race, ethnicity, number of complaint categories, and number of medications.ResultsThe study included 728 patients (age mean = 52, SD = 18; 48% male). Multivariable linear regression models found a significant interaction effect between age and gender (β = 0.213, p < 0.05). For younger patients, female gender was protective; however, at age greater than 35 years, female gender was a risk factor for decreased HRQoL. Compared to Black patients, Asian and other race patients reported significantly greater HRQoL (β = 0.207, p < 0.05 for Asian; β = 0.126, p < 0.05 for other races). Additionally, an antagonistic interaction effect was found between age and number of category of otolaryngology complaints in moderating HRQoL (β = 0.468, p < 0.001).ConclusionAge affects HRQoL differently in men than in women. Among otolaryngology patients, women experience a greater decrease in HRQoL as they age.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:801–806, 2023
Incidence of Vocal Cord Paralysis in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Drozdowski Veronica , Martini Deema , Charous Steven 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that comprises 3–5% of all thyroid cancers in the United States. Vocal cord paralysis (VCP) may be due to involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) preoperatively, or nerve sacrifice during surgery. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the incidence of VCP in MTC and evaluate whether VCP has an impact on overall survival.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients with MTC treated at Loyola University Medical Center from 2007 to 2021. Information on demographics, cancer diagnosis and treatment, laboratory data, and survival were collected.ResultsA total of 79 patients were included in our study. 47 (59.5%) patients were female. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 51.3 years (SD 13.58). VCP was identified in 13 out of 79 (16.5%) patients. There were 71 patients with at least 1‐year follow‐up with median (Q1, Q3) years of 7.2 (3.9, 11.0). Those with VCP within 1 year had 7.2 (95% CI: 2.3, 22.7) times the risk of death compared to those without (p < 0.001).ConclusionMTC is a rare thyroid cancer, however, its incidence is on the rise. Our study suggests that the incidence of VCP in these patients appears to be higher than seen in other thyroid malignancies, and VCP is associated with a statistically significant negative impact on survival.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:890–894, 2023
Impact of coal mining on land use changes, deforestation, biomass, and C losses in Central India: Implications for offsetting CO2 emissions
Authors: Mishra Alka , Swamy Singam L. , Thakur Tarun K. , Kumar Amit , Pandey Mayank 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the continuous growth in renewable sources of energy, coal remains the primary source of energy security in developing countries and accounted for 1.1 Gt of CO2 annually. The present study was conducted to examine the dynamic land cover changes, deforestation, and carbon (C) emissions in the mined landscape of Central India. Geospatial techniques coupled with field measurements were conjunctively employed for quantifying land use and vegetation changes from the period of 2001 to 2020. The unchecked mining (6.4–30 km2) along with the rapid expansion of agriculture (586.7–642.5 km2) were identified as major drivers of deforestation, which resulted in the net loss of 115.3 km2 area under intact sal (Shorea robusta) dominated forest. The mining and associated activities increased the fragmentation of intact forest that had not only decreased density, basal area, and diversity of vegetation but also a huge loss of biomass of ~2.5 Tg that contributed to a net loss of 1.08 Tg C (~3.98 Tg of CO2) in the past 20 years. The study explored the use of land management options and confirmed that C offset ensued from land use changes without hampering coal production for the next two decades. The scenarios will provide valuable information to the policymakers for devising sustainable coal mining by underpinning the ecological compensation for deforestation while promoting cleaner production technologies through decarbonization to counteract emissions, which could help in achieving ambitious goals set by India for planned C reduction targets as Intended Nationally Determined Commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015).
Understanding Jhum (shifting cultivation) farmers' place‐attachment and ecocentric attitude: Towards a place‐based approach for sustainable mountain agriculture in Nagaland, India
Authors: Dasgupta Rajarshi , Basu Mrittika , Dhyani Shalini , Kumar Pankaj , Hashimoto Shizuka , Mitra Bijon K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlace attachment and ecocentric attitude are the important determinants of conservation behaviour, especially for traditionally managed landscapes. In this paper, we explore the relationship between place attachment and the ecocentric attitude of farmers engaged in Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation or slash‐and‐burn cultivation) in the Zunheboto District of Nagaland, India. We administered a questionnaire survey (n = 153) based on a widely used four‐dimensional place attachment framework and a well‐known cognitive scale for measuring ecocentric attitude. The results indicate that Jhum farmers' modest ecocentric attitude is significantly associated with their place attachment, especially with place identity and place dependence, although their behaviour of organized deforestation is in apparent contradiction. While an ecocentric attitude generally contributes to environmentally responsible behaviour, we argue that, for Jhum farmers, the absence of such a causal relationship is influenced by other rationalities, particularly owing to the lack of alternative livelihood opportunities. The findings of this study establish the inherent positive ecocentric attitude of Jhum farmers who are often held responsible for deforestation and environmental degradation. Furthermore, we argue that such an inherent positive ecocentric attitude and a strong place attachment are imperative to implement place‐based models for sustainable mountain agriculture.
Practical Sensitivity Bound for Multiple Phase Estimation with Multi‐Mode N00N$N00N$ States
Authors: Hong Seongjin , Rehman Junaid ur , Kim Yong‐Su , Cho Young‐Wook , Lee Seung‐Woo , Lee Su‐Yong , Lim Hyang‐Tag 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum enhanced multiple phase estimation is essential for various applications in quantum sensors and imaging. For multiple phase estimation, the sensitivity enhancement is dependent on both quantum probe states and measurement. It is known that multi‐mode states can outperform other probe states for estimating multiple phases. However, it is generally not feasible in practice to implement an optimal measurement to achieve the quantum Cramer–Rao bound (QCRB) under a practical measurement scheme using a multi‐mode beam splitter in interferometric phase estimation. Here, a strategy to achieve the best practical sensitivity by optimizing both mode‐amplitudes of multi‐mode states and a split ratio of a multi‐mode beam splitter is investigated. Then, it is experimentally demonstrated that the best sensitivity is achieved when an amplitude‐balanced multi‐mode state and a multi‐mode beam splitter with an unbalanced ratio are used in three‐mode interferometric phase estimation. The results show that the lower QCRB cannot guarantee better sensitivity under a practical measurement scheme, thus it is more desirable to enhance the practical sensitivity rather than the QCRB. It is believed that this strategy can provide a powerful tool for practical applications in multiple phase estimation.
Automatic segmentation of colon, small intestine, and duodenum based on scale attention network
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Lei Runhong , Niu Kai , Yang Ruijie , He Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeAutomatic segmentation of colon, small intestine, and duodenum is a challenging task because of the great variability in the scale of the target organs. Multi‐scale features are the key to alleviating this problem. Previous works focused on extracting discriminative multi‐scale features through a hierarchical structure. Instead, the purpose of this work is to exploit these powerful multi‐scale features more efficiently.MethodsA Scale Attention Module (SAM) was proposed to recalibrate multi‐scale features by explicitly modeling their importance score adaptively. The SAM was introduced into the segmentation model to construct the Scale Attention Network (SANet). The multi‐scale features extracted from the encoder were first re‐extracted to obtain more specific multi‐scale features. Then the SAM was applied to recalibrate the features. Specifically, for the feature of each scale, a summation of Global Average Pooling and Global Max Pooling was used to create scale‐wise feature representations. According to the representations, a lightweight network was used to generate the importance score of each scale. The features were recalibrated based on the scores, and a simple pixel‐by‐pixel summation was used to fuse the multi‐scale features. The fused multi‐scale feature was fed into a segmentation head to complete the task.ResultsThe models were evaluated using fivefold cross‐validation on 70 upper abdominal computed tomography scans of patients in a volume manner. The results showed that SANet could effectively alleviate the scale‐variability problem and achieve better performance compared with UNet, Attention UNet, UNet++, Deeplabv3p, and CascadedUNet. The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of colon, small intestine, and duodenum were (84.06 ± 3.66)%, (76.79 ± 5.12)%, and (61.68 ± 4.32)%, respectively. The HD95 were (7.51 ± 2.45) mm, (11.08 ± 2.45) mm, and (12.21 ± 1.95) mm, respectively. The values of relative volume difference were (3.4 ± 0.8)%, (11.6 ± 11.81)%, and (6.2 ± 3.71)%, respectively. The values of center‐of‐mass distance were 7.85 ± 2.82, 9.89 ± 2.70, and 9.94 ± 1.58, respectively. Compared with other attention modules and multi‐scale feature exploitation approaches, SAM could obtain a 0.83–2.71 points improvement in terms of DSC with a comparable or even less number of parameters. The extensive experiments confirmed the effectiveness of SAM.ConclusionsThe SANet can efficiently exploit multi‐scale features to alleviate the scale‐variability problem and improve the segmentation performance on colon, small intestine, and duodenum of the upper abdomen.
Effect of early nutrition support on length of stay, mortality, and extubation in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Taylor Brittney R. , Grant Shauna , McCoy Maureen , Hart Teresa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany hospitals have been using nutrition support guidelines for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as outlined in the April 2020 article released by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). Currently, there are insufficient data on the outcomes of following these guidelines.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of 131 adult inpatients with COVID‐19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at Banner Health to observe differences in length of stay, mortality, and number of days intubated based on the timing of nutrition support start relative to hours intubated and hours in the ICU.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between length of stay, mortality, or number of days intubated between patients who started nutrition support within <12 h of intubation, >12 h of intubation and <36 h in the ICU, or >36 h of intubation and those who were not intubated. Patients who started nutrition support after >36 h in the ICU had the longest lengths of stay (median [25th, 75th percentile]  = 25.5 [19.25, 35.25] days; P > 0.05) and number of days intubated (16.5 [10.0, 24.75] days; P > 0.050); however, it was not statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the three intubated groups and the nonintubated group on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (P = 0.01).ConclusionsProspective, multicenter trials are needed; however, following the SCCM/ASPEN guidelines for nutrition support in patients with COVID‐19 may be found to decrease length of stay and number of days intubated.
Mechanical and self‐sensing properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Ye Wenguang , Dou Hao , Cheng Yunyong , Zhang Dinghua , Lin Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe additive manufacturing technology of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites (CCFRCs) based on fused filament fabrication offers new opportunities for the preparation and application of composites. This study prepared CCFRCs with excellent mechanical properties based on 3D printing technology. At the same time, a stress–strain and damage sensing method for the CCFRCs is proposed. Research results show that the maximum tensile stress and tensile modulus of 3D printed CCFRCs are 3.36 times and 5.10 times that of PLA, while the maximum flexural stress and flexural modulus are 3.24 times and 4.90 times that of PLA. Furthermore, the stress–strain and damage of CCFRCs strongly correlate with the resistance change in 3D printed structures. The state of the CCFRCs can be sensed by the change of resistance in the structure. Finally, the application potential of 3D printed CCFRCs self‐sensing specimens in action recognition of finger joints was discussed through experiments.