bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The carbon catabolite repressor CreA is an essential virulence factor of Metarhizium acridum against Locusta migratoria
Authors: Song Dongxu , Jin Yumei , Shi Youhui , Xia Yuxian , Peng Guoxiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCreA has been proved to be a core gene in asexual conidiation in Metarhizium acridum, which regulates the shift of normal conidiation and microcycle conidiation. At present, research on CreA in fungi has focused on carbon source metabolism. There is a lack of research on the effect of CreA in virulence of pathogenic fungi.RESULTSThe virulence of the MaCreA disrupted strain (ΔMaCreA) for Locusta migratoria was lost by topical inoculation bioassay. The formation rate and turgor pressure of the appressoria decreased. Growth of ΔMaCreA in host hemolymph was delayed, and the number of hyphal bodies was significantly reduced. The conidial cell wall of ΔMaCreA became thicker, the mannan content decreased, and the chitin content increased significantly, and it was more sensitive to calcofluor white and Congo Red. α‐1,3‐Glucan and β‐1,3‐glucan are more exposed on the surface of ΔMaCreA conidia than on the wild type. Lmspätzle and Lmcactus, the immune response genes in the host Toll pathway, showed stronger transcriptional activities at the early stage of ΔMaCreA invasion. The phenoloxidase activity assay also showed stronger immunostimulation by ΔMaCreA in vitro.CONCLUSIONThe main reasons for the loss of virulence of ΔMaCreA in the topical inoculation were the reduced penetration ability of appressoria, limited growth in hemolymph and stronger insect immunostimulation of ΔMaCreA. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
QFD for selecting key success factors in the implementation of quality 4.0
Authors: Dror Shuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndustry 4.0 technological advancements over the last few years have generated a variety of interchangeable methods for achieving quality objectives. The present study seeks to create a framework that will facilitate the selection of key success factors in the implementation of Quality 4.0. Since the ways in which Quality 4.0 technologies can interact present a new industrial reality, our prioritization program addresses the synergy that can exist between technologies. The current study presents the development of a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology for the effective implementation of Quality 4.0. The methodology extracts the desired improvements in quality objectives and translates them into the important Quality 4.0 technologies and, ultimately, into core implementation barriers that need to be reduced, ranked by importance. Normalized improvement scores were calculated at each of three hierarchical levels: quality objectives, Quality 4.0 technologies, and implementation barriers. The components to be improved at each level were selected using the Mean Square Error (MSE) criterion. The methodology was implemented in a food processing company. The vital few quality objectives to be improved were found to be stable quality, equipment reliability, customer satisfaction, and product related complaints. The most important technologies to be considered are big data, enabling technologies, statistics and data mining, and artificial intelligence. Concerns regarding cyber security and outdated systems/infrastructure are the most significant barriers to Quality 4.0 implementation.
Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
Authors: Owen Rhodri N. , Bajic Stevan , Kelly Steven L. , Morris Michael R. , Brenton A. Gareth 
Published: May 2022

RationaleIonization by atmospheric pressure gas discharge has been employed for a long time in mass spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an exemplar, and widely used for elemental analysis. The technique has less uptake in organic mass spectrometry. We describe a simple source design that can be readily implemented in most atmospheric pressure ionization (API) systems and compare its performance with that of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).MethodsAn in‐house designed helium gas discharge source (referred to as ‘GlowFlow’) was used on a Xevo G2‐S time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The GlowFlow source was transferred to a compatible Xevo TQ‐S triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatograph inlet. Its performance was compared to that of Waters ESI and APCI sources.ResultsPreliminary results of GlowFlow on the Swansea instrument are presented to establish context and include analysis of low‐molecular‐mass polymers, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. Comparison of performance on the Xevo TQ‐S triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer involved three test mixtures. The method limits of detection (six‐mix) for positive‐ion GlowFlow source were between 0.03 and 10.00 pg with good linear response over two to four orders of magnitude and values of R2 > 0.98. The GlowFlow ionization source provided a signal intensity that was an order of magnitude greater than that of ESI for an atmospheric pressure gas chromatography standard mix and ionized several compounds that ESI could not.ConclusionsThe current GlowFlow design is relatively simple to retrofit to most API systems due to its small size. The sensitivity of the GlowFlow design is typically an order of magnitude less than that of ESI in positive‐ion mode, but similar in sensitivity in negative‐ion mode and comparable to that of APCI.
The development of an unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of dual‐polarization weather surveillance radar observations to assess nocturnal insect abundance and diversity
Authors: Lukach Maryna , Dally Thomas , Evans William , Hassall Christopher , Duncan Elizabeth J. , Bennett Lindsay , Addison Freya I. , Kunin William E. , Chapman Jason W. , Neely Ryan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContemporary analyses of insect population trends are based, for the most part, on a large body of heterogeneous and short‐term datasets of diurnal species that are representative of limited spatial domains. This makes monitoring changes in insect biomass and biodiversity difficult. What is needed is a method for monitoring that provides a consistent, high‐resolution picture of insect populations through time over large areas during day and night. Here, we explore the use of X‐band weather surveillance radar (WSR) for the study of local insect populations using a high‐quality, multi‐week time series of nocturnal moth light trapping data. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that (i) unsupervised data‐driven classification algorithms can differentiate meteorological and biological phenomena, (ii) the diversity of the classes of bioscatterers are quantitatively related to the diversity of insects as measured on the ground and (iii) insect abundance measured at ground level can be predicted quantitatively based on dual‐polarization Doppler WSR variables. Adapting the quasi‐vertical profile analysis method and data clustering techniques developed for the analysis of hydrometeors, we demonstrate that our bioscatterer classification algorithm successfully differentiates bioscatterers from hydrometeors over a large spatial scale and at high temporal resolutions. Furthermore, our results also show a clear relationship between biological and meteorological scatterers and a link between the abundance and diversity of radar‐based bioscatterer clusters and that of nocturnal aerial insects. Thus, we demonstrate the potential utility of this approach for landscape scale monitoring of biodiversity.
Handling parametric assumptions in principal causal effect estimation using Gaussian mixtures
Authors: Jo Booil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the latent stratum membership, principal stratification models with continuous outcomes naturally fit in the parametric estimation framework of Gaussian mixtures. However, with models that are not nonparametrically identified, relying on parametric mixture modeling has been mostly discouraged as a way of identifying principal effects. This study revisits this rather deserted use of parametric mixture modeling, which may open up various possibilities in principal stratification modeling. The main problem with using the parametric mixture modeling approach is that it is hard to assess the quality of principal effect estimates given its reliance on parametric conditions. As a way of assessing the estimation quality in this situation, this study proposes that we use parametric mixture modeling in two different ways, with and without the assurance of nonparametric identification. The key identifying assumption employed in this study is the moving exclusion restriction, a flexible version of the standard exclusion restriction assumption. This assumption is used as a temporary vehicle to help assess the quality of principal effect estimates obtained relying on parametric mixture modeling. The study presents promising results, showing the possibility of using parametric mixture modeling as an accessible tool for causal inference.
Towards the sustainability of small and medium software enterprises through the implementation of software process improvement: Empirical investigation
Authors: Balogun Abdullateef Oluwagbemiga , Almomani Malek , Basri Shuib , Almomani Omar , Capretz Luiz Fernando , Khan Arif Ali , Gilal Abdul Rehman , Baashar Yahia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo improve and sustain the quality of software products, software process improvement (SPI) is needed. Currently, small and medium software enterprises (SMSEs) represent a high proportion of companies around the world and become a cornerstone in the worldwide industry economy. These companies have realized that improving their process is crucial for success, but they are facing difficulties to implement it due to limited resources, limited knowledge, and time constraints. This study aimed to identify the sustainability success factors (SSFs) that have a positive impact on implementing SPI efforts in SMSEs. Data were collected through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach and quantitatively through a survey questionnaire. A list of 44 SSFs was identified during SLR and empirical study. Results illustrate that there is a positive correlation between the ranks obtained from both dataset (rs (44) = .548, ρ = .001). Therefore, there would be significant differences between the SSFs identified in both datasets. In conclusion, the top‐ranked factors can then be used to guide the SPI coordinators on where they should focus their attention to reach the desired SPI goals, which is crucial to deliver the software products and also facilitates in development of model for SPIs in the future.
Complementary Chemical Vapor Deposition Fabrication for Large‐Area Uniform Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric
Authors: Liu Ruojuan , Yuan Hao , Li Junliang , Huang Kewen , Wang Kun , Cheng Yi , Cheng Shuting , Li Wenjuan , Jiang Jun , Tu Ce , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe lightweight, flexible, high‐performance electrothermal material is in high demand in object thermal management. Graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is characterized by excellent electrical conductivity, light weight, and high flexibility, showing superiorities as an electrothermal material. However, the traditional single‐carbon‐precursor chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene growth strategy commonly suffers from the severe thickness nonuniformity of the large‐sized graphene film along the gas‐flowing direction. Herein, a complementary CVD graphene growth strategy based on the simultaneous introduction of high‐ and low‐decomposition‐energy‐barrier mixed carbon precursors is developed. In this way, the large‐area uniform GGFF with a dramatically decreased nonuniformity coefficient is fabricated (0.260 in 40 cm × 4 cm). GGFF‐based heater presents a widely tunable temperature range (20–170 °C) at low working voltage (<10 V) and uniform large‐area heating temperature (171.4 ± 3.6 °C in 20 cm × 15 cm), which realizes remarkable anti/deicing performances under the low energy consumption (fast ice melting rate of 79 s mm−1 under a low energy consumption of 0.066 kWh mm−1 m−2). The large‐area uniform GGFF possesses substantial advantages for applications in thermal management, and the complementary CVD fabrication strategy shows reliable scalability and universality, which can be extended to the synthesis of various materials.
Adsorption of malachite green and chrysoidine‐Y by Sn‐pillared clay
Authors: Raghav Little , Patanjali Pooja , Patanjali Neeraj , Singh Rajeev 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this research was to pillar the bentonite clay (Bt) with polyhydroxy tin chloride. The synthesized Tin‐pillared interlayer clay (Sn‐PILC) was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT‐IR), Brunauer‐Emmer Teller (BET) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption capacity of raw‐Bt and tin pillared interlayer clay (Sn‐PILC) was examined for two dyes, namely, Malachite Green (MG) and Chrysoidine‐Y (CY) from their aqueous solutions. The effects of physicochemical parameters like solution pH, dose, and dye concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency at equilibrium dye concentration for Sn‐PILC was 66.229 mg g–1 for MG and 63.792 mg g–1 for CY. Sn‐PILC obeyed Langmuir isotherm for both the dyes whereas raw‐Bt followed Freundlich isotherm. On the other hand, both adsorbents followed PFO as well as PSO kinetic model, indicating physisorption assisted by chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of Sn‐PILC for both the dyes. Regeneration studies revealed 80% efficiency up‐to five adsorption‐desorption cycles.
Data-driven analysis of a SUSY GUT of flavour
Authors: Bernigaud Jordan , Forster Adam K. , Herrmann Björn , King Stephen F. , Porod Werner , Rowley Samuel J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a data-driven analysis of a concrete Supersymmetric (SUSY) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) of flavour, based on SU(5) × S4, which predicts charged fermion and neutrino mass and mixing, and where the mass matrices of both the Standard Model and the Supersymmetric particles are controlled by a common symmetry at the GUT scale. This framework also predicts non-vanishing non-minimal flavour violating effects, motivating a sophisticated data-driven parameter analysis to uncover the signatures and viability of the model. This computer-intensive Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) based analysis includes a large range of flavour as well as dark matter and SUSY observables, predicts distributions for a range of physical quantities which may be used to test the model. The predictions include maximally mixed sfermions, μ → eγ close to its experimental limit and successful bino-like dark matter with nearby winos (making direct detection unlikely), implying good prospects for discovering winos and gluinos at forthcoming collider runs. The results also demonstrate that the Georgi-Jarlskog mechanism does not provide a good description of the splitting of down type quark masses and charged leptons, while neutrinoless double beta decay is predicted at observable rates.
Reflected entropy in random tensor networks
Authors: Akers Chris , Faulkner Thomas , Lin Simon , Rath Pratik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In holographic theories, the reflected entropy has been shown to be dual to the area of the entanglement wedge cross section. We study the same problem in random tensor networks demonstrating an equivalent duality. For a single random tensor we analyze the important non-perturbative effects that smooth out the discontinuity in the reflected entropy across the Page phase transition. By summing over all such effects, we obtain the reflected entanglement spectrum analytically, which agrees well with numerical studies. This motivates a prescription for the analytic continuation required in computing the reflected entropy and its Rényi generalization which resolves an order of limits issue previously identified in the literature. We apply this prescription to hyperbolic tensor networks and find answers consistent with holographic expectations. In particular, the random tensor network has the same non-trivial tripartite entanglement structure expected from holographic states. We furthermore show that the reflected Rényi spectrum is not flat, in sharp contrast to the usual Rényi spectrum of these networks. We argue that the various distinct contributions to the reflected entanglement spectrum can be organized into approximate superselection sectors. We interpret this as resulting from an effective description of the canonically purified state as a superposition of distinct tensor network states. Each network is constructed by doubling and gluing various candidate entanglement wedges of the original network. The superselection sectors are labelled by the different cross-sectional areas of these candidate entanglement wedges.
Women’s health: optimal nutrition throughout the lifecycle
Authors: Feskens Edith J. M. , Bailey Regan , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Biesalski Hans-Konrad , Eicher-Miller Heather , Krämer Klaus , Pan Wen-Harn , Griffiths James C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSex differences are an important consideration when researching and establishing policies for nutrition and optimal health. For women’s health, there are important physiologic, neurologic, and hormonal distinctions throughout the lifecycle that impact nutritional needs. Distinct from those for men, these nutritional needs must be translated into appropriate nutrition policy that aims to not only avoid overt nutritional deficiency, but also to promote health and minimize risk for chronic disease. Through a series of webinars, scientific experts discussed the advances in the understanding of the unique nutritional needs, challenges and opportunities of the various life stages for women across the life course and identified emerging nutritional interventions that may be beneficial for women. Nevertheless, there is concern that existing nutrition policy intended for women’s health is falling short with examples of programs that are focused more on delivering calories than achieving optimal nutrition. To be locally effective, targeted nutrition needs to offer different proposals for different cultural, socio-economic, and geographic communities, and needs to be applicable at all stages of growth and development. There must be adequate access to nutritious foods, and the information to understand and implement proven nutritional opportunities. Experts provided recommendations for improvement of current entitlement programs that will address accessibility and other social and environmental issues to support women properly throughout the lifecycle.
Skeletal muscle provides the immunological micro-milieu for specific plasma cells in anti-synthetase syndrome-associated myositis
Authors: Preuße Corinna , Paesler Barbara , Nelke Christopher , Cengiz Derya , Müntefering Thomas , Roos Andreas , Amelin Damien , Allenbach Yves , Uruha Akinori , Dittmayer Carsten , Hentschel Andreas , Pawlitzki Marc , Hoffmann Sarah , Timm Sara , Louis Sarah Leonard , Dengler Nora F. , Wiendl Heinz , Lünemann Jan D. , Sickmann Albert , Hervier Baptiste , Meuth Sven G. , Schneider Udo , Schänzer Anne , Krause Sabine , Tomaras Stylianos , Feist Eugen , Hasseli Rebecca , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Gallay Laure , Streichenberger Nathalie , Benveniste Olivier , Stenzel Werner , Ruck Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS)-associated myositis is a major subgroup of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and is characterized by disease chronicity with musculoskeletal, dermatological and pulmonary manifestations. One of eight autoantibodies against the aminoacyl-transferase RNA synthetases (ARS) is detectable in the serum of affected patients. However, disease-specific therapeutic approaches have not yet been established.To obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and to identify putative therapeutic targets, we comparatively investigated the most common forms of ASyS associated with anti-PL-7, anti-PL-12 and anti-Jo-1. Our cohort consisted of 80 ASyS patients as well as healthy controls (n = 40), diseased controls (n = 40) and non-diseased controls (n = 20). We detected a reduced extent of necrosis and regeneration in muscle biopsies from PL-12+ patients compared to Jo-1+ patients, while PL-7+ patients had higher capillary dropout in biopsies of skeletal muscle. Aside from these subtle alterations, no significant differences between ASyS subgroups were observed. Interestingly, a tissue-specific subpopulation of CD138+ plasma cells and CXCL12+/CXCL13+CD20+ B cells common to ASyS myositis were identified. These cells were localized in the endomysium associated with alkaline phosphatase+ activated mesenchymal fibroblasts and CD68+MHC-II+CD169+ macrophages. An MHC-I+ and MHC-II+ MxA negative type II interferon-driven milieu of myofiber activation, topographically restricted to the perifascicular area and the adjacent perimysium, as well as perimysial clusters of T follicular helper cells defined an extra-medullary immunological niche for plasma cells and activated B cells. Consistent with this, proteomic analyses of muscle tissues from ASyS patients demonstrated alterations in antigen processing and presentation. In-depth immunological analyses of peripheral blood supported a B-cell/plasma-cell-driven pathology with a shift towards immature B cells, an increase of B-cell-related cytokines and chemokines, and activation of the complement system. We hypothesize that a B-cell-driven pathology with the presence and persistence of a specific subtype of plasma cells in the skeletal muscle is crucially involved in the self-perpetuating chronicity of ASyS myositis. This work provides the conceptual framework for the application of plasma-cell-targeting therapies in ASyS myositis.
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) improves vision-related quality of life
Authors: Gellert Alexandra , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Rehak Matus , Girbardt Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate vision-related quality of life (VRQL) before and after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods
The study was conducted in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy undergoing DMEK alone or in combination with cataract surgery (triple-DMEK) between August 2019 and March 2020 at the University of Leipzig Medical Center. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured. Visual acuity factor (VAF) and glare factor (GF) scores were calculated using the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status Instrument questionnaire answered by patients before surgery and 6 months thereafter. Subgroup analyses were performed for DMEK versus triple-DMEK, and for first versus second eyes, in addition to correlation analyses of scores with preoperative BCVA.

Results
Forty-six patients were included in this analysis. VAF score improved from 0.68 ± 0.54 to 0.02 ± 0.57 (P < 0.0001) and GF score improved from 0.53 ± 0.43 to -0.11 ± 0.39 (P < 0.0001) during follow-up. Both scores improved without significant differences after surgery in the first and in the fellow eye (P < 0.0001) and after DMEK and triple-DMEK (P < 0.0001). The improvement of scores did not correlate with preoperative BCVA (r = 0.06, P = 0.68 for VAF; r =  -0.09, P = 0.54 for GF).

Conclusion
VRQL improves similarly after DMEK and triple-DMEK and between first and second operated eye. The extent of improvement is independent of the preoperative BCVA. The results of this study can be useful when planning DMEK by enabling a prediction of anticipated VRQL gain.