bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in healthcare workers: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Yüksel Yasemin Topal , Christensen Maria Oberlander , Thyssen Jacob P , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen Malte , Brans Richard , Agner Tove 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionHealthcare workers (HCWs) constitute a high-risk group for developing occupational hand eczema (HE). The present systematic review and meta-analysis will compile and appraise evidence regarding prevalence and incidence of HE in HCWs.Methods and analysisSystematic searches will be performed in three electronic literature databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science-Core Collection and Embase). Further references will be retrieved by a manual search of included studies’ reference lists using snowballing techniques. We will include experimental studies, observational studies, survey-based studies and clinical studies (publications in English, French and German from 2000 onwards) reporting on certified and apprentice HCWs, who actively work in the job. We will look at the following outcomes: Prevalence and incidence of clinically assessed as well as self-reported HE in the style of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002; HE severity (measured by eg, Hand Eczema Severity Index, Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index, Physician Global Assessment or other validated instruments as well as self-reported or by using undefined categories such as ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’); clinically assessed (eg, clinical diagnosis, UK Working Party’s diagnostic criteria, Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis (AD)) and self-reported AD. We will assess the risk of bias within studies using detailed criteria according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. As we expect heterogeneity in methods and outcomes, we will conduct sensitivity analyses. A narrative synthesis of results instead of a meta-analysis will be done in case that quantitative pooling is not feasible.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval and patient consent are not required as this work is based on published studies. The results will be published in an international, peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022303044.
Improving incident reporting among physicians at south health campus hospital
Authors: Ngo Jennifer , Lau Darren , Ploquin Jodi , Receveur Tracey , Stassen Kobus , Del Castilho Colin 
Published: October 2022

Reports of adverse events and near-misses provide the opportunity to learn about latent (systems) errors. However, voluntary incident reporting systems are underused by physicians. While reports submitted by nursing staff relate to common hazards such as medication administration or falls, physicians have broader exposure to patients’ entire hospital journey. Reports by physicians have the potential to uncover more serious errors that could span multiple departments and layers of personnel. Organisational safety culture thrives when all staff are represented and feel empowered to share safety concerns.At the South Health Campus (SHC) Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the baseline proportion of physician-submitted reports within our site’s Reporting and Learning System (RLS) from July 2013 to December 2016 was 1.12%. We implemented an intervention to double the proportion of physician-submitted RLS reports, using quality improvement methods.Focus groups identified lack of experience with the RLS system, lack of feedback or closure after an RLS submission, and apprehensions about disclosing the incident to the affected patient as barriers to physician submission. Accordingly, the intervention involved direct responses from physician leadership to each physician-submitted RLS report, multimedia demonstrations of efficient RLS submission to physician groups and medical learners, and linkage to materials on safe disclosures. Effectiveness was assessed using a controlled before-and-after design, comparing SHC with the rest of Calgary and with the rest of Alberta.Following the intervention, the proportion of RLS reports that were physician submitted increased to 2.65% (OR 2.42 [95% CI 1.96 to 3.02], p<0.001), sustained over the following 4 years. While an increase was observed for the rest of Calgary, it was smaller (OR 1.27 [1.15 to 1.40], p<0.001). A decrease in the odds of physician submission was observed for the rest of Alberta. Differences between sites were significant (p<0.001).Overall, we found that physician-submitted incident reports can be increased and sustained over time if submitters receive personalised feedback by a physician safety leader. At our site, reports submitted by physicians have been valuable in uncovering complex systems issues that may not have been readily apparent.
Response of UK community hospitals to the COVID-19 pandemic: an appreciative inquiry
Authors: Seamark David Anthony , Prodger Evelyn , Jay Trish , Gibbard Emma , Tucker Helen 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe 500 community hospitals in the UK provide a range of services to their communities. The response of these small, mainly rural, hospitals to the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been examined and so this study sought to address this gap.MethodAppreciative inquiry was used to understand staff perspectives of how community hospitals responded to the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. A total of 20 organisations participated, representing 168 (34%) community hospitals in the UK. Qualitative interviews were conducted, with a total of 85 staff members, using an online video platform. 30 case studies were developed from these interviews.ResultsStaff described positive changes that were made in the context of the fear and uncertainty experienced in the pandemic. Quality improvements were reported in a wide range of services and models of care such as the use of the inpatient beds, and the access and management of urgent care services. Rapid changes were made in the way that services were managed, such as communications and leadership. Programmes of accelerated training were offered for existing and redeployed staff. Attention to staff health and well-being was a feature and there were a variety of innovations designed to support patients and their families. The impact of the changes was viewed as strengthening of integrated working between staff and sectors, the ability to rapidly innovate and improve quality, and the scope to use local decision-making to make changes.ConclusionStaff of community hospitals described innovative and rapid quality improvements in their community hospitals in response to the pandemic. The case studies illustrated the features of community hospitals, showing that they can be resilient, flexible, responsive, creative, compassionate and integrated. The case studies of quality improvements are being used to encourage sharing and learning across community hospitals and beyond.
Systematic review of social prescribing and older adults: where to from here?
Authors: Percival Amanda , Newton Christie , Mulligan Kate , Petrella Robert J , Ashe Maureen C 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveSocial prescribing is a person-centred model of care with emphases on lessening the impact of unmet social needs, supporting the delivery of personalised care, and reducing non-medical resource use in the primary care setting. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesise the effect of social prescribing for older adults within primary care.DesignWe followed standard systematic review guidelines, including protocol registration, screening studies (title/abstract and full text) and assessing the study quality.Eligibility and information sourcesWe searched multiple online databases for studies that included older adults 60+ years (group mean age), an intervention defined and called social prescribing (or social prescription) via health provider referrals to non-medical services, and quantitative physical and psychosocial outcomes and/or health resource use. We included experimental and observational studies from all years and languages and conducted a narrative synthesis. The date of the last search was 24 March 2022.ResultsWe screened 406 citations (after removing duplicates) and included seven studies. All studies except one were before–after design without a control group, and all except one study was conducted in the UK. Studies included 12–159 participants (baseline), there were more women than men, the group mean (SD) age was 76.1 (4.0) years and data collection (baseline to final) occurred on average 19.4 (14.0) weeks apart. Social prescribing referrals came from health and social providers. Studies had considerable risk of bias, programme implementation details were missing, and for studies that reported data (n=6) on average only 66% of participants completed studies (per-protocol). There were some positive effects of social prescribing on physical and psychosocial outcomes (eg, social participation, well-being). Findings varied for health resource use. These results may change with new evidence.ConclusionsThere were few peer-reviewed studies available for social prescribing and older adults. Next steps for social prescribing should include co-creating initiatives with providers, older people and communities to identify meaningful outcomes, and feasible and robust methods for uptake of the prescription and community programmes. This should be considered in advance or in parallel with determining its effectiveness for meaningful outcomes at multiple levels (person, provider and programme).
A new method for assessing transverse sinus stenosis with CT venography based on the venous trans-stenotic pressure gradient
Authors: Ding Heyu , Zhao Pengfei , Lv Han , Li Xiaoshuai , Qiu Xiaoyu , Dai Chihang , Xu Ning , Wang Guopeng , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Jin Long , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEvaluation of the transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is essential for TSS-related diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate a new method for the quantitative assessment of TSS based on the correlation between TSS and trans-stenotic pressure gradient (TPG).MethodsPatients with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus with or without idiopathic intracranial hypertension were retrospectively included. All patients underwent CT venography and venous manometry and were confirmed to have TSS. The cross-sectional diameter/area of TSS, the poststenotic and prestenotic segments, and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were measured. The degree of TSS was calculated by dividing the diameter/area of TSS by the diameter/area of the poststenotic segment (M1/M2), prestenotic segment (M3/M4), and SSS (M5/M6). Partial correlation analysis (controlling for the effect of age, sex, outflow laterality, and contralateral stenosis) was performed to evaluate the correlation between M1–M6 and the TPG. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of M1–M6 for diagnosing a significant TPG (≥8 mm Hg) was performed.ResultsNinety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. The partial correlation coefficients between M1–M6 and the TPG were 0.60, 0.61, 0.43, 0.48, 0.39, and 0.54, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of M1–M6 for diagnosing a significant TPG were 0.81, 0.86, 0.68, 0.69, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively. The AUC of M2 was significantly larger than that of M3 (P=0.002), M4 (P<0.001), M5 (P=0.001), and M6 (P<0.001).ConclusionsQuantitatively assessing TSS by taking the ratio of the cross-sectional area of TSS to that of the poststenotic segment might be a more efficient method for predicting the TPG.
Investigation of soil setup effects on pile response in clay considering overconsolidation ratio and installation method through physical modeling
Authors: Fakharian Kazem , Shafiei Morteza , Hafezan Salar 
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this paper is investigation of clayey soil setup effects on axial “resistance” and “stiffness” of small-scale piles with special attention on “overconsolidation ratio” (OCR) and “installation method”. A consolidation chamber is developed and an instrumented model pile is either driven or jacked-in through saturated consolidated Kaolinite clay at different OCRs of 1.2 (normally consolidated, NC) and 4.8 (over consolidated, OC). The pile was static load tested at different time intervals of 1 h through 90 days. Higher pore pressures are induced during pile installation in NC compared to OC clay. The frictional resistance of OC soil is higher than NC at end of drive as well as end of setup in both driven and jacked-in piles. The frictional resistance of jacked-in piles is greater than driven piles at end of drive, but due to higher rate of setup, the long-term frictional resistance of driven piles is shown to be greater, attributed to more disturbance of the soil during installation of driven piles. Attempts are made to differentiate between the contributions of dissipation of excess pore pressure and non-pore pressure components for each consolidation condition and pile installation method. A relation is proposed to quantify the pile stiffness variations over time due to soil setup.
Quantum reversible circuits for $\mathrm{GF}(2^{8})$ multiplicative inverse
Authors: Luo Qing-bin , Yang Guo-wu , Li Xiao-yu , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of quantum circuits for multiplicative inverse over $\operatorname{GF}(2^{8})$
GF
(

2

8

)
are discussed in this paper. We first convert the multiplicative inverse operation in $\operatorname{GF}(2^{8})$
GF
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2

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to arithmetic operations in the composite field $\operatorname{GF}((2^{4})^{2})$
GF
(

(

2

4

)

2

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, and then discuss the expressions of the square calculation, the inversion calculation and the multiplication calculation separately in the finite field $\operatorname{GF}(2^{4})$
GF
(

2

4

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, where the expressions of multiplication calculation in $\operatorname{GF}(2^{4})$
GF
(

2

4

)
are given directly in $\operatorname{GF}(2^{4})$
GF
(

2

4

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and given through being transformed into the composite field $\operatorname{GF}((2^{2})^{2})$
GF
(

(

2

2

)

2

)
. Then the quantum circuits of these calculations are realized one by one. Finally, two quantum circuits for multiplicative inverse over $\operatorname{GF}(2^{8})$
GF
(

2

8

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are synthesized. They both use 21 qubits, the first quantum circuit uses 55 Toffoli gates and 107 CNOT gates and the second one uses 37 Toffoli gates and 209 CNOT gates. As an example of the application of multiplication inverse, we apply these quantum circuits to the implementations of the S-box quantum circuit of the AES cryptographic algorithm. Two quantum circuits for implementing the S-box of the AES cryptographic algorithm are presented. The first quantum circuit uses 21 qubits, 55 Toffoli gates, 131 CNOT gates and 4 NOT gates and the second one uses 21 qubits, 37 Toffoli gates, 233 CNOT gates and 4 NOT gates. Through the evaluation of quantum cost, the two quantum circuits of the S-box of AES cryptographic algorithm use less quantum resources than the existing schemes.
Positivity of Gibbs states on distance-regular graphs
Authors: Voit Michael 
Published: October 2022

We study criteria which ensure that Gibbs states (often also called generalized vacuum states) on distance-regular graphs are positive. Our main criterion assumes that the graph can be embedded into a growing family of distance-regular graphs. For the proof of the positivity we then use polynomial hypergroup theory and translate this positivity into the problem whether for [Formula: see text] the function [Formula: see text] has a positive integral representation w.r.t. the orthogonal polynomials associated with the graph. We apply our criteria to several examples. For Hamming graphs and the infinite distance-transitive graphs we obtain a complete description of the positive Gibbs states.
Historical changes in mollusc communities from a temperate chenier ridge system (Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, France)
Authors: Poirier Clément , Caline Bruno , Fournier Jérôme , Tessier Bernadette 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coarse-grained chenier ridges contain abundant mollusc shells that help to reconstruct the evolution of marine ecosystems throughout the Holocene, but few temperate environments have been studied. Historical surveys of the mollusc death assemblages sampled in a chenier ridge system from the southern English Channel were compared. Present-day active ridges provide a regional-scale, time-averaged signal of the subtidal mollusc diversity. Back-barrier fossil ridges dated to the Early Medieval Period document pre-industrial baseline conditions. Shellfish farming and invasive species had little impact on mollusc death assemblages recovered from active ridges so far. However, detection of these recent changes is delayed due to taphonomic inertia as shell ages can span more than 1000 years, even in active ridges. Differences in taxonomic and functional composition between fossil and present-day ridges show a decline in grazing and carnivorous species related to macrophytobenthic habitats (seagrass beds and macroalgal belts) and a shift towards a suspensivore-dominated community. The study confirms water temperature as a major driver of ecological change in the English Channel, as warm-water species are more common in present-day ridges. Shelly chenier ridges are useful records of ecological changes in coastal environments that offer a temporal coverage far exceeding that of long-term ecosystem monitoring studies.
Leveraging Earth science research for effective sustainability policy and territorial management in the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark (France)
Authors: Justice Sophie C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article shows how the process of undertaking geoscience research can enrich public knowledge and appreciation of Earth science methods, concepts and systems. Place-based organizations such as UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) act as moderators between researchers and territorial stakeholders in order to foster greater sensibility around geosciences and society. Policy and actions to address sustainable development, climate change and biodiversity issues are being developed rapidly, but generally geoscience contributions and the part they play are not explicitly presented. The Chablais UGGp developed an approach to improve public and stakeholder Earth science literacy. The methodology was tested in three research projects where the UGGp moderated between researchers and local stakeholders. It further leveraged the research activity to a wider public through diverse communication channels and activities. The experience demonstrated that active participation in research projects enabled politicians to develop greater Earth science understanding and a heightened awareness of its relevance to society. This geoscience literacy enables decision makers to deliver a deeper, more integrated territorial management and sustainable development that is inclusive of Earth sciences.
Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chambers Laura M. , Esakov Rhoades Emily L. , Bharti Rashmi , Braley Chad , Tewari Surabhi , Trestan Lexie , Alali Zahraa , Bayik Defne , Lathia Justin D. , Sangwan Naseer , Bazeley Peter , Joehlin-Price Amy S. , Wang Zeneng , Dutta Sumita , Dwidar Mohammed , Hajjar Adeline , Ahern Philip P. , Claesen Jan , Rose Peter , Vargas Roberto , Brown J. Mark , Michener Chad M. , Reizes Ofer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Despite initial responses to intervention, up to 80% of patient tumors recur and require additional treatment. Retrospective clinical analysis of patients with ovarian cancer indicates antibiotic use during chemotherapy treatment is associated with poor overall survival. Here, we assessed whether antibiotic (ABX) treatment would impact growth of EOC and sensitivity to cisplatin. Immunocompetent or immunocompromised mice were given untreated control or ABX-containing (metronidazole, ampicillin, vancomycin, and neomycin) water prior to intraperitoneal injection with EOC cells, and cisplatin therapy was administered biweekly until endpoint. Tumor-bearing ABX-treated mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth and resistance to cisplatin therapy compared with control treatment. ABX treatment led to reduced apoptosis, increased DNA damage repair, and enhanced angiogenesis in cisplatin-treated tumors, and tumors from ABX-treated mice contained a higher frequency of cisplatin-augmented cancer stem cells than control mice. Stool analysis indicated nonresistant gut microbial species were disrupted by ABX treatment. Cecal transplants of microbiota derived from control-treated mice was sufficient to ameliorate chemoresistance and prolong survival of ABX-treated mice, indicative of a gut-derived tumor suppressor. Metabolomics analyses identified circulating gut-derived metabolites that were altered by ABX treatment and restored by recolonization, providing candidate metabolites that mediate the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and ovarian cancer. Collectively, these findings indicate that an intact microbiome functions as a tumor suppressor in EOC, and perturbation of the gut microbiota with ABX treatment promotes tumor growth and suppresses cisplatin sensitivity.Significance:Restoration of the gut microbiome, which is disrupted following antibiotic treatment, may help overcome platinum resistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.See related commentary by Hawkins and Nephew, p. 4511
Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Precursors Reveals Reactivation of IGFBP2 during Pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Yeh , Huang Peng , Wang Brant G. , Murdock Tricia , Cope Leslie , Hsu Fang-Chi , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Elucidating the earliest pathogenic steps in cancer development is fundamental to improving its early detection and prevention. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), a highly aggressive cancer, mostly originates from the fallopian tube epithelium through a precursor stage, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). In this study, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis to compare STICs, carcinoma, and their matched normal fallopian tube epithelium. Several differentially expressed genes in STICs and carcinomas were involved in cancer metabolism and detected in a larger independent transcriptomic dataset of ovarian HGSCs. Among these, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) was found to undergo DNA hypomethylation and to be increased at the protein level in STICs. Pyrosequencing revealed an association of IGFBP2 expression with the methylation state of its proximal enhancer, and 5-azacytidine treatment increased IGFBP2 expression. In postmenopausal fallopian tubes, where most STICs are detected, IGFBP2 immunoreactivity was detected in all 38 proliferatively active STICs but was undetectable in morphologically normal tubal epithelia, including those with TP53 mutations. In premenopausal fallopian tubes, IGFBP2 expression was limited to the secretory epithelium at the proliferative phase, and estradiol treatment increased IGFBP2 expression levels. IGFBP2 knockdown suppressed the growth of IGFBP2-expressing tubal epithelial cells via inactivation of the AKT pathway. Taken together, demethylation of the proximal enhancer of IGFBP2 drives tumor development by maintaining the increased IGFBP2 required for proliferation in an otherwise estrogen-deprived, proliferation-quiescent, and postmenopausal tubal microenvironment.

Significance:
Molecular studies of the earliest precursor lesions of ovarian cancer reveal a role of IGFBP2 in propelling tumor initiation, providing new insights into ovarian cancer development.