bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editing reality in the brain
Authors: Walsh Eamonn , Oakley David A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent information technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) allow the creation of simulated sensory worlds with which we can interact. Using programming language, digital details can be overlaid onto displays of our environment, confounding what is real and what has been artificially engineered. Natural language, particularly the use of direct verbal suggestion (DVS) in everyday and hypnotic contexts, can also manipulate the meaning and significance of objects and events in ourselves and others. In this review, we focus on how socially rewarding language can construct and influence reality. Language is symbolic, automatic and flexible and can be used to augment bodily sensations e.g. feelings of heaviness in a limb or suggest a colour that is not there. We introduce the term ‘suggested reality’ (SR) to refer to the important role that language, specifically DVS, plays in constructing, maintaining and manipulating our shared reality. We also propose the term edited reality to encompass the wider influence of information technology and linguistic techniques that results in altered subjective experience and review its use in clinical settings, while acknowledging its limitations. We develop a cognitive model indicating how the brain’s central executive structures use our personal and linguistic-based narrative in subjective awareness, arguing for a central role for language in DVS. A better understanding of the characteristics of VR, AR and SR and their applications in everyday life, research and clinical settings can help us to better understand our own reality and how it can be edited.
Serum phosphate as an independent factor associated with cholesterol metabolism in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional analysis of the DREAM cohort
Authors: Okute Yujiro , Shoji Tetsuo , Shimomura Naoko , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Nagata Yuki , Uedono Hideki , Nakatani Shinya , Morioka Tomoaki , Mori Katsuhito , Fukumoto Shinya , Imanishi Yasuo , Emoto Masanori 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. In an experimental model, hyperphosphatemia promoted atherosclerosis by activating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, which controls cholesterol homeostasis. In the present study, we hypothesized that serum phosphate level is associated with cholesterol metabolism in patients with kidney failure.MethodsWe conducted a single-center cross-sectional study including 492 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 100 healthy controls not on statin or ezetimibe treatment. Serum lathosterol and campesterol levels were measured as a marker of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, respectively. As compared with the control group, the hemodialysis patients had higher median phosphate {5.8 mg/dL [interquartile range (IQR 5.0–6.6) versus 3.3 (3.0–3.6); P &lt; .001], lower lathosterol [1.2 µg/mL (IQR 0.8–1.7) versus 2.6 (1.9–3.4); P &lt; .001] and higher campesterol levels [4.5 µg/mL (IQR 3.6–6.0) versus 4.1 (3.2–5.4); P = .02]. Serum phosphate correlated positively to campesterol in the control group (Spearman's r = 0.21, P = .03) and in hemodialysis patients (Spearman's r = 0.19, P &lt; .001). The positive association between phosphate and campesterol levels in the hemodialysis group remained significant in multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis. There was no significant association between phosphate and lathosterol in either group.ConclusionsAn independent association was found between phosphate and campesterol levels in patients with kidney failure. This study suggests a novel relationship between phosphate and cholesterol metabolism, both of which could affect cardiovascular outcomes in this population.
Comparison of measured vs kinetic-model predicted phosphate removal during hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration
Authors: Daugirdas John T 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
To what extent hemodiafiltration (HDF) improves management of hyperphosphatemia over hemodialysis (HD) is a subject of ongoing investigation.

Methods
We modified a previously described phosphate kinetic model to include incorporation of EUDIAL recommended equations for hemodiafiltration (HDF) clearance. We used the model to predict the recovery of phosphate from spent dialysate/hemofiltrate and compared this with averaged data from five published studies. Mean study average predialysis serum phosphate was 1.81 ± 0.20 mmol/L. Session length was close to 240 min per treatment. All HDF was done postdilution, at an average rate of 65 ± 24 mL/min.

Results
Measured mean phosphate removal was 1039 ± 136 mg (33.5 ± 4.41 mmol, slightly lower than the model-predicted mean value of 1092 ± 127 mg (35.3 ± 4.09 mmol). The measured ratio of phosphate removal with HDF compared with HD averaged 1.15 ± 0.22, ranging from 1.01 to 1.44. Using mean study input parameters for patient size and treatment characteristics, the predicted ratio of phosphate removal with HDF compared with HD averaged 1.095 ± 0.029, ranging from 1.05 to 1.13.

Conclusions
Addition of EUDIAL-recommended convective clearance equations to a phosphate kinetic model predicts a 10% or greater benefit in terms of phosphate removal for HDF compared with HD at typical dialysis and hemodiafiltration treatment settings. These predictions are similar to the HDF advantage reported in the literature in studies where phosphate removal has been measured in spent dialysate.
Truth in DAIR: Duration of Therapy and the Use of Quinolone/Rifampin-Based Regimens After Debridement and Implant Retention for Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Tai Don Bambino Geno , Berbari Elie F , Suh Gina A , Lahr Brian D , Abdel Matthew P , Tande Aaron J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy after debridement and implant retention (DAIR) for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is debated. Furthermore, the best antibiotic regimens for staphylococcal PJI are also unclear. In this study, we evaluated the impact of antibiotic therapy duration on the risk of failure. We assessed the utility of rifampin-based regimens for staphylococcal PJI managed with DAIR.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years and older diagnosed with hip and knee PJI who underwent DAIR between January 1, 2008 and 31 December 31, 2018 at Mayo Clinic, USA. The outcome was failure of DAIR. For statistical analysis, joint-stratified Cox regression models adjusted for age, sinus tract, symptom duration, and primary/revision arthroplasty were performed.

Results
We examined 247 cases of PJI with a median follow-up of 4.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.3–7) after DAIR. The estimated 5-year cumulative incidence of failure was 28.1% (n = 65). There was no association between the duration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics (median 42 days; IQR, 38–42) and treatment failure (P = .119). A shorter duration of subsequent oral antibiotic therapy was associated with a higher risk of failure (P = .005; eg, 90-day vs 1-year duration; hazard ratio [HR], 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–8.25). For staphylococcal knee PJI, both the use and longer duration of a rifampin-based regimen were associated with a lower risk of failure (both P = .025). There was no significant association between fluoroquinolone (FQ) use and failure (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, .31–1.24; P = .172).

Conclusions
The duration of initial IV antibiotic therapy did not correlate with treatment failure in this cohort of patients. Rifampin use is recommended for staphylococcal knee PJI. There was no apparent benefit of FQ use in staphylococcal PJI.
Tetanus in Uganda: Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized at a Tertiary Health Facility Between 2011 and 2020
Authors: Kazibwe Andrew , Okiror Noah Emokol , Bongomin Felix , Namiiro Amelia Margaret , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Kalyesubula Robert , Kagimu Magid , Andia-Biraro Irene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTetanus is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease associated with high mortality rates. Increased vaccination coverage globally and locally has resulted in substantial declines in the number of individuals diagnosed with tetanus. We report annual trends in tetanus admissions and deaths over a decade at a national referral hospital in Uganda.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, using data from an electronic database of patients admitted to medical wards at a national referral hospital between 2011 and 2020. Data were abstracted on demographic characteristics, that is, length of hospital stay and mortality outcome. Admission and mortality rate trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall’s trend test, whereas Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare gender survival rates.ResultsDuring the study period, 459 individuals were admitted with tetanus. Of these, 85.8% (394 of 459) were males, and 26.1% (120 of 459) were aged 20 years or less. Overall, 48.8% (224 of 459) participants died, 85.3% (191 of 224) of whom were males (85.3%, n = 191), although females had a higher mortality rate (50.8%, 33 of 65 vs 48.5%, 191 of 394). Those aged 31–40 years accounted for 23.7% (53 of 224) of the deaths; and 88.7% (197 of 224) of the deaths occurred within the first 7 days of admission. The total number of tetanus admissions declined (TauA = −.6444, P = .0116). However, mortality rates remained stable (TauA = .0222, P &gt; .999). The average length of hospital stay was 8.1 days (standard deviation, 7.5; range, 1–46).ConclusionsAlthough tetanus admissions declined, mortality rate remained high. Males were disproportionately affected. We recommend quality-of-care audits for inpatient care improvement and more research on the determinants of infection and mortality to inform vaccination for at-risk men.
Strongly enhanced dynamics of a charged Rouse dimer by an external magnetic field
Authors: Shinde Rushikesh , Sommer Jens Uwe , Löwen Hartmut , Sharma Abhinav 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile the dynamics of dimers and polymer chains in a viscous solvent is well understood within the celebrated Rouse model, the effect of an external magnetic field on the dynamics of a charged chain is much less understood. Here, we generalize the Rouse model for a charged dimer to include the effect of an external magnetic field. Our analytically solvable model allows a fundamental insight into the magneto-generated dynamics of the dimer in the overdamped limit as induced by the Lorentz force. Surprisingly, for a dimer of oppositely charged particles, we find an enormous enhancement of the dynamics of the dimer center, which exhibits even a transient superballistic behavior. This is highly unusual in an overdamped system for there is neither inertia nor any internal or external driving. We attribute this to a significant translation and rotation coupling due to the Lorentz force. We also find that magnetic field reduces the mobility of a dimer along its orientation and its effective rotational diffusion coefficient. In principle, our predictions can be tested by experiments with colloidal particles and complex plasmas.
Cytoplasmic p53 aggregates accumulated in p53-mutated cancer correlate with poor prognosis
Authors: Iwahashi Naoyuki , Ikezaki Midori , Komohara Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Yukio , Noguchi Tomoko , Nishioka Kaho , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Ueda Mitsuharu , Ihara Yoshito , Uchimura Kenji , Ino Kazuhiko , Nishitsuji Kazuchika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent studies suggested that aggregates of mutant p53 proteins may propagate and impair normal p53 functioning in recipient cells. Our previous study showed that cancer cell-derived p53 aggregates that cells internalized interfered with p53-dependent apoptosis in recipient cells. However, involvement of p53 aggregate propagation in cancer pathology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we screened patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, which is characterized by an extremely high frequency of TP53 gene mutations, to show that patients with cytoplasmic p53 deposits have a poor prognosis compared with patients with complete p53 absence or strong nuclear p53 positivity. Cytoplasmic p53 in the patients with poor prognosis consisted of protein aggregates, which suggests that p53 aggregates are oncogenic drivers. Indeed, an inhibitor of p53 aggregation restored cellular apoptosis, a proper p53 function, in p53 aggregate-bearing patient-derived tumor organoids. In cell-based assays, endogenous and exogenous mutant p53 aggregates hindered chemotherapeutic activity of cisplatin, which depends on normal p53 functions. This inhibition was reduced by blocking p53 aggregation or internalization of p53 aggregates. Our study, thus indicates the involvement of p53 aggregate transmission in poor prognosis and in chemotherapy resistance in cancers.
Arc hopping dynamics induced by interfacial negative differential resistance
Authors: Huo Jindong , Rontey Alex , Wang Yifei , Jacobs Linda , Chen Qin , Wang Ningzhen , Ma Shilei , Cao Yang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pattern formation in plasma–solid interaction represents a great research challenge in many applications from plasma etching to surface treatment, whereby plasma attachments on electrodes (arc roots) are constricted to self-organized spots. Gliding arc discharge in a Jacob’s Ladder, exhibiting hopping dynamics, provides a unique window to probe the nature of pattern formation in plasma–surface interactions. In this work, we find that the existence of negative differential resistance (NDR) across the sheath is responsible for the observed hopping pattern. Due to NDR, the current density and potential drop behave as activator and inhibitor, the dynamic interactions of which govern the surface current density re-distribution and the formation of structured spots. In gliding arc discharges, new arc roots can form separately in front of the existing root(s), which happens periodically to constitute the stepwise hopping. From the instability phase-diagram analysis, the phenomenon that arc attachments tend to constrict itself spontaneously in the NDR regime is well explained. Furthermore, we demonstrate via a comprehensive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) computation that the existence of a sheath NDR can successfully reproduce the arc hopping as observed in experiments. Therefore, this work uncovers the essential role of sheath NDR in the plasma–solid surface pattern formation and opens up a hitherto unexplored area of research for manipulating the plasma–solid interactions.
D139N mutation of PsbP enhances the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II through stabilized binding of a chloride ion
Authors: Imaizumi Ko , Nishimura Taishi , Nagao Ryo , Saito Keisuke , Nakano Takeshi , Ishikita Hiroshi , Noguchi Takumi , Ifuku Kentaro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit membrane protein complex that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. The chloride ion (Cl−) has long been known as an essential cofactor for oxygen evolution by PSII, and two Cl− ions (Cl-1 and Cl-2) have been found to specifically bind near the Mn4CaO5 cluster within the oxygen-evolving center (OEC). However, despite intensive studies on these Cl− ions, little is known about the function of Cl-2, the Cl− ion that is associated with the backbone nitrogens of D1-Asn338, D1-Phe339, and CP43-Glu354. In green plant PSII, the membrane extrinsic subunits—PsbP and PsbQ—are responsible for Cl− retention within the OEC. The Loop 4 region of PsbP, consisting of highly conserved residues Thr135–Gly142, is inserted close to Cl-2, but its importance has not been examined to date. Here, we investigated the importance of PsbP-Loop 4 using spinach PSII membranes reconstituted with spinach PsbP proteins harboring mutations in this region. Mutations in PsbP-Loop 4 had remarkable effects on the rate of oxygen evolution by PSII. Moreover, we found that a specific mutation, PsbP-D139N, significantly enhances the oxygen-evolving activity in the absence of PsbQ, but not significantly in its presence. The D139N mutation increased the Cl− retention ability of PsbP and induced a unique structural change in the OEC, as indicated by light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Our findings provide insight into the functional significance of Cl-2 in the water-oxidizing reaction of PSII.
Quantification of 6D Inter-Fraction Tumour Localisation Errors in Tongue and Prostate Cancer Using Daily Kv-Cbct For 1000 IMRT and VMAT Treatment Fractions
Authors: Shinde Prashantkumar , Jadhav Anand , Gupta Karan Kumar , Dhoble Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the 6D inter-fraction tumour localisation errors in 20 tongue and 20 prostate cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy. The patient tumour localisation errors in lateral, longitudinal and vertical translation axes and pitch, roll and yaw rotational axes were analysed by automatic image registration of daily pretreatment kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) with planning CT in 1000 fractions. The overall mean error (M), systematic error (Σ), random error (σ) and planning target volume (PTV) margins were evaluated. The frequency distributions of setup errors were normally distributed about the mean except for pitch in the tongue and prostate. The overall 3D vector length ≥ 5 mm was 14.2 and 49.8% in the ca-tongue and ca-prostate, respectively. The frequency of rotational errors ≥1 degree was a maximum of 37 and 59.5%, respectively, in ca-tongue and ca-prostate. The M, Σ and σ for all translational and rotational axes decreased with increasing frequency of verification correction in ca-tongue and ca-prostate patients. Similarly, the PTV margin was reduced with no correction to alternate day correction from a maximum of 4.7 to 2.5 mm in ca-tongue and from a maximum of 8.6 to 4.7 mm in ca-prostate. The results emphasised the vital role of the higher frequency of kV-CBCT based setup correction in reducing M, Σ, σ and PTV margins in ca-tongue and ca-prostate patients.
Sleep dysregulation in sympathetic-mediated diseases: implications for disease progression
Authors: Olivares María José , Toledo Camilo , Ortolani Domiziana , Ortiz Fernando C , Díaz Hugo S , Iturriaga Rodrigo , Del Río Rodrigo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the coordination of several physiological functions including sleep/wake process. Significant changes in ANS activity occur during wake-to-sleep transition maintaining the adequate cardiorespiratory regulation and brain activity. Since sleep is a complex homeostatic function, partly regulated by the ANS, it is not surprising that sleep disruption trigger and/or evidence symptoms of ANS impairment. Indeed, several studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between impaired ANS function (i.e. enhanced sympathetic drive), and the emergence/development of sleep disorders. Furthermore, several epidemiological studies described a strong association between sympathetic-mediated diseases and the development and maintenance of sleep disorders resulting in a vicious cycle with adverse outcomes and increased mortality risk. However, which and how the sleep/wake control and ANS circuitry becomes affected during the progression of ANS-related diseases remains poorly understood. Thus, understanding the physiological mechanisms underpinning sleep/wake-dependent sympathetic modulation could provide insights into diseases involving autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to explore potential neural mechanisms involved in both the onset/maintenance of sympathetic-mediated diseases (Rett syndrome, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea, type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart failure, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases) and their plausible contribution to the generation of sleep disorders in order to review evidence that may serve to establish a causal link between sleep disorders and heightened sympathetic activity.
Insomnia disorder increases the risk of subjective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Zhao Jean-Louis , Cross Nathan , Yao Chun W , Carrier Julie , Postuma Ronald B , Gosselin Nadia , Kakinami Lisa , Dang-Vu Thien Thanh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal association between probable insomnia status and both subjective and objective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults.Methods26 363 participants, ≥45 years, completed baseline and follow-up (3 years after baseline) self-reported evaluations of sleep and memory, and neuropsychological testing in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive functions, and psychomotor speed. Participants were categorized as having probable insomnia disorder (PID), insomnia symptoms only (ISO), or no insomnia symptoms (NIS), based on sleep questionnaires. Participants were further grouped based on their sleep change over time. Prospective odds of self-reported memory worsening were assessed using logistic regression, and associations between insomnia and cognitive performance were assessed via linear mixed-effects modeling, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors.ResultsAn increased odds (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.29–2.26) of self-reported memory worsening was observed for NIS participants at baseline who developed PID at follow-up compared to those who developed ISO or remained NIS. Additionally, participants whose sleep worsened from baseline to follow-up (i.e. transitioned from NIS to ISO, ISO to PID, or NIS to PID) displayed increased odds (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10–1.34) of subjective memory worsening at follow-up compared to those who remained insomnia-free or improved their sleep. There were no significant associations between the development of PID or worsening sleep and performance on neuropsychological tests.ConclusionsThese findings of an increased odds for subjective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults with insomnia disorder suggest insomnia may be an important target for early interventions addressing age-related cognitive decline.