bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of wood kraft pulp as a partial replacement for roughage on rumen fermentation and productivity in dairy cows
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Hasunuma Toshiya , Manabe Noriyoshi , Osawa Ryo , Kawashima Kenji , Fukui Yoji , Ueno Yutaka , Kurosu Kazuhiro , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Terada Fuminori , Sato Shigeru , Sugino Toshihisa , Kushibiki Shiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the partial replacement of roughage with wood kraft pulp (KP) on rumen fermentation and productivity of dairy cows. Eighteen cows were divided into control and KP groups. The KP group started adaptation to KP 3 weeks before calving; after calving, they were fed a total mixed ration for 12 weeks, wherein 18% Timothy hay was replaced with KP. The dry matter intake, body weight, and milk yield and composition were similar in the control and KP groups. The average daily rumen pH was higher with KP feeding, and the average daily ruminal temperature remained lower at 16 days after calving (P < 0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids remained unaltered, the molar proportion of acetic acid decreased, and the molar proportion of propionic acid increased, indicating a low acetic acid:propionic acid ratio (P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide activity in the rumen fluid was higher in the KP group (P < 0.05); however, the rumen microbiota were unaffected. The digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber increased 12 weeks after calving, whereas excretion of urinary nitrogen decreased (P < 0.05). Partial replacement of roughage with KP did not suppress rumen fermentation and maintained postpartum productivity.
Reduction of the occurrence of incorrect stunning and the occurrence of reflexes and reactions in cattle after pneumatically powered captive‐bolt stunning in comparison with cartridge‐fired captive‐bolt stunning
Authors: Kaluza Michal , Vecerek Vladimir , Voslarova Eva , Kamenik Josef , Konvalinova Jarmila , Valkova Lenka , Takacova Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the occurrence of repeat stunning, deviations in placement and direction of stun shots, and the occurrence of reflexes/reactions following stunning with a pneumatically powered captive‐bolt stunner in comparison with a cartridge‐fired captive‐bolt stunner in cattle were assessed. Repeat stunning and deviations in placement and direction of the stun shots were less frequent (p < 0.01) with the use of a pneumatic stunner in all cattle. The rate of repeat stunning and deviation from the ideal place and direction of stun shots were lower (5.81%, 24.75%, and 9.60% of all animals, respectively) when a pneumatic stunner was used in comparison with cartridge‐fired captive bolt (18.32%, 34.03%, and 47.38% of all animals, respectively). The stunning quality was assessed on the basis of evaluation of signs observed following the stun shot. A pneumatic stunning resulted in a significant reduction of occurrence of signs particularly in bulls in comparison to cows, for which a cartridge‐fired stunner already provides an adequate stunning. Our study provides evidence that pneumatic stunning has the potential to be a more effective method than cartridge‐fired stunning from the viewpoint of the welfare of slaughtered animals. Pneumatic stunning ensures a high quality of stunning in both bulls and cows.
Understanding the new BRD4‐related syndrome: Clinical and genomic delineation with an international cohort study
Authors: Jouret Guillaume , Heide Solveig , Sorlin Arthur , Faivre Laurence , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Beneteau Claire , Denis‐Musquer Marie , Turnpenny Peter D. , Coutton Charles , Vieville Gaëlle , Thevenon Julien , Larson Austin , Petit Florence , Boudry Elise , Smol Thomas , Delobel Bruno , Duban‐Bedu Bénédicte , Fallerini Chiara , Mari Francesca , Lo Rizzo Caterina , Renieri Alessandra , Caberg Jean‐Hubert , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Tran Mau‐Them Frédéric , Maystadt Isabelle , Courtin Thomas , Keren Boris , Mouthon Linda , Charles Perrine , Cuinat Silvestre , Isidor Bertrand , Theis Philippe , Müller Christian , Kulisic Marizela , Türkmen Seval , Stieber Daniel , Bourgeois Dominique , Scalais Emmanuel , Klink Barbara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBRD4 is part of a multiprotein complex involved in loading the cohesin complex onto DNA, a fundamental process required for cohesin‐mediated loop extrusion and formation of Topologically Associating Domains. Pathogenic variations in this complex have been associated with a growing number of syndromes, collectively known as cohesinopathies, the most classic being Cornelia de Lange syndrome. However, no cohort study has been conducted to delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of BRD4‐related disorder. We formed an international collaborative study, and collected 14 new patients, including two fetuses. We performed phenotype and genotype analysis, integrated prenatal findings from fetopathological examinations, phenotypes of pediatric patients and adults. We report the first cohort of patients with BRD4‐related disorder and delineate the dysmorphic features at different ages. This work extends the phenotypic spectrum of cohesinopathies and characterize a new clinically relevant and recognizable pattern, distinguishable from the other cohesinopathies.
The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 2 dye solubility
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M. , Liu Kangsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe marked temperature‐dependent uptake of a commercial disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric achieved during an aqueous high temperature dyeing process is the likely amalgamation of at least two separate, but intrinsically inter‐related, thermally activated processes, namely, poly(ethylene terephthalate) structural relaxations, as articulated in terms of polymer chain segmental mobility and available free volume, in which glass transition adopts a principal role, as well as disperse dye aqueous solubility. Both polymer relaxation times and disperse dye solubility therefore assume crucially important roles in the mechanism of adsorption of disperse dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres.
The Korean‐Lung Information Needs Questionnaire: Translation, validation and clinical implications in comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Kim Sang Hun , Park Ho Eun , Yoon Jin A , Shin Yong Beom , Shin Myung‐Jun , Kong In Joo , Kim Ki Uk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. Several symptom‐related questionnaires have been validated to improve understanding for patient with COPD. We aimed to systematically translate the English version of the Lung Information Needs Questionnaire (LINQ) into Korean and to verify the reliability, validity and clinical implications in comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).MethodsThe original version of LINQ was translated into Korean by two translators and reviewed by the translation committee. It was then reverse translated back into English. The committee compared the reconciled version in Korean and the original version in English. A cognitive debriefing was performed on the pre‐final version, and a final version, K‐LINQ, was obtained. A test‐retest method for the analysis of reliability was performed within 2 weeks. Concurrent validity analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test of the K‐LINQ and other evaluation tools.ResultsA total of 110 patients were enrolled. The length, readability, understanding and suitability of the questionnaire rated well in scores for face validity of 52 Korean patients with COPD. No significant correlation was derived from the total K‐LINQ and each domain with other scales such as mMRC, K‐CAT and K‐LCADL. The intra‐class correlation coefficient of total score K‐LINQ showed high reliability. Patients who attended PR showed significantly poor pulmonary function or more severe symptoms. In addition, a significantly lower score in total score and exercise domain of K‐LINQ were confirmed in the group of PR attendees.ConclusionsWe translated the LINQ into Korean, implemented cross‐cultural adaptation and verified its validity and reliability. K‐LINQ can now be useful in various clinical and research fields in the Republic of Korea and could serve a complementary role and become an axis of successful treatment strategies, including a comprehensive PR programme.
Developmental changes in impulse control: Trial‐by‐trial EMG dissociates the evolution of impulse strength from its subsequent suppression
Authors: Śmigasiewicz Kamila , Ambrosi Solène , Blaye Agnès , Burle Boris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGoal‐oriented behavior can be disrupted by irrelevant information that automatically activates incorrect responses. While behavioral errors reveal response capture in such situations, they are only the tip of the iceberg. Additional subliminal activations of the incorrect responses (partial errors) can be revealed on correctly responded trials thanks to electromyography (EMG). In the current study, for the first time, EMG recorded in children was combined with distributional analyses. This allowed to investigate the properties of incorrect response activations and to highlight developmental changes in impulse control. A sample of 114 children aged 6–14 years was studied. Children performed a Simon task in which the irrelevant stimulus‐position automatically activates a response that might be compatible or incompatible with the correct one. On incompatible trials, the automatic response activation must be overcome by controlled response selection. As previously observed in adults, our approach revealed the presence of an automatic EMG activation of the incorrect response elicited by the irrelevant stimulus dimension. Further, it revealed another independent source at the origin of incorrect response activations: the tendency to guess for response alternation. Both sources increased the frequency of early incorrect EMG activations, indicating impulsive responding. In addition, the influence of both sources decreased with increasing age. Thus, development is marked by improved ability to manage distractibility on the one hand and decreased tendency to rely on a guessing strategy on the other.
Sublethal and transgenerational effects of a potential plant‐derived insecticide, β‐asarone, on population fitness of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Xu Xueliang , Li Xiang , Wen Dong , Zhao Chenchen , Fan Linjuan , Wu Caiyun , Liu Zirong , Han Kehong , Zhao Muhua , Zhang Shu , Yao Yingjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany essential oils have excellent insecticidal activity and have the potential to be developed as alternatives to chemical insecticides for pest control. Previously, we showed that β‐asarone, a major constituent of the essential oil derived from Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae), has strong pesticidal activity against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), the most notorious rice pest in Asia. Here, we report the first evaluation of the sublethal and transgenerational effects of β‐asarone on N. lugens. β‐Asarone significantly decreased female longevity, male longevity, fecundity, and hatchability of F0 generation individuals exposed to the LD30 and LD45 of β‐asarone relative to the acetone control. Moreover, compared with acetone, exposure to LD30 and LD45 of β‐asarone significantly shortened the duration of the egg stage, developmental duration of first instars, and female longevity of F1 generation individuals. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rates (R0) of insects treated with LD30 and LD45 of β‐asarone were significantly lower than those of insects treated with acetone. Compared with acetone, the fecundity and hatchability of F1 generation individuals were significantly decreased after exposure to β‐asarone at LD30 and LD45. These findings indicate the negative effects of sublethal doses of β‐asarone on N. lugens and provide novel information on the potential use of β‐asarone as a substitute chemical pesticide.
Towards explainability in robotics: A performance analysis of a cloud accountability system
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lera Francisco Javier , González‐Santamarta Miguel Ángel , Guerrero‐Higueras Ángel Manuel , Martín‐Rico Francisco , Matellán‐Olivera Vicente 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding why a robot's behaviour was triggered is a growing concern to get human‐acceptable social robots. Every action, expected and unexpected, should be able to be explained and audited. The formal model proposed here deals with different information levels, from low‐level data, such as sensors' data logging; to high‐level data that provide an explanation of the robot's behaviour. This study examines the impact on the robot system of a custom log engine based on a custom ROS logging node and investigates pros and cons when used together with a NoSQL database locally and in a cloud environment. Results allow to characterize these alternatives and explore the best strategy for offering a fully log‐based accountability engine that maximizes the mapping between robot behaviour and robot logs.
Contributions of mangrove conservation and restoration to climate change mitigation in Indonesia
Authors: Arifanti Virni Budi , Kauffman John Boone , Subarno   , Ilman Muhammad , Tosiani Anna , Novita Nisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMangrove forests are important carbon sinks, and this is especially true for Indonesia where about 24% of the world's mangroves exist. Unfortunately, vast expanses of these mangroves have been deforested, degraded or converted to other uses resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to quantify the climate change mitigation potential of mangrove conservation and restoration in Indonesia. We calculated the emission factors from the dominant land uses in mangroves, determined mangrove deforestation rates and quantified the total emissions and the potential emission reductions that could be achieved from mangrove conservation and restoration. Based on our analysis of the carbon stocks and emissions from land use in mangroves we found: (1) Indonesia's mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks are among the highest of any tropical forest type; (2) mangrove deforestation results in greenhouse gas emissions that far exceed that of upland tropical deforestation; (3) in the last decade the rates of deforestation in Indonesian mangroves have remained high; and (4) conservation and restoration of mangroves promise to sequester significant quantities of carbon. While mangroves comprise only ≈2.6% of Indonesia's total forest area, their degradation and deforestation accounted for ≈10% of total greenhouse gas emissions arising from the forestry sector. The large source of greenhouse gas emissions from a relatively small proportion of the forest area underscores the value for inclusion of mangroves as a natural climate solution. Mangrove conservation is far more effective than mangrove restoration in carbon emissions reductions and an efficient pathway to achieve Indonesia's nationally determined contribution (NDC) targets. The potential emission reduction from halting deforestation of primary and secondary mangroves coupled with restoration activities could result in an emission reduction equivalent to 8% of Indonesia's 2030 NDC emission reduction targets from the forestry sector.
EXTINCTION AND THE END OF FUTURES*
Authors: JØRGENSEN DOLLY 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTExtinction, in biological terms, is the end of an evolutionary line, a potential future cutoff. It involves a transition between the historical past in which a species was biologically alive and a future in which it isn't, a transition from extant to extinct. In this contribution to the “Historical Futures” series, I examine two aspects of extinction histories: transition and anticipation. First, I argue that scholars need to understand extinction as a process with a prolonged and even possibly reversible transition between extant and extinct rather than a definitive end point. Second, I analyze conservation as a practice of anticipatory extinction that tries to create futures for extant species. Extinction, as a nonlinear process, demands that we consider the coterminous past, present, and future. The end of futures for a species requires rethinking how we conceptualize historical (future) endings under times of rapid environmental change.
Which food delivery platforms are winning the restaurant food delivery wars? Analysis from a consumer perspective
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Hsuan , Hsiao Wei‐Hung , Chen Chih‐Jou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic dramatically lowered the foodservice industry's income overnight. Conversely, the practical measure of remaining at home to deal with the pandemic's impact has boosted the online food delivery business. In this study, a consumer perspective was adopted and an adapted version of the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) was used alongside multi‐attribute decision‐making methods (DEMATEL, DANP and modified VIKOR) to construct a model for evaluating and selecting a food delivery platform (FDP). The results of the INRM (influential network relation map) revealed that the first dimension to be improved upon and adjusted should be security, followed by effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation and habit. The DANP influential weights suggested that habits were the most important dimension, followed by hedonic motivation, while performance expectancy was the least important. According to the results of the gap analysis, the first dimension that required improvement was performance expectancy, followed by effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, security, social influence, habits and hedonic motivation. It is expected that the findings of this study can serve as a reference for consumers selecting FDPs to better satisfy their dining needs. The novel model is discussed in terms of theoretical, practical and managerial implications.
Pulsed forward flushes as a novel method for cleaning spent grains‐loaded filter cloth
Authors: Werner Roman Alejandro , Schappals Lukas , Geier Dominik Ulrich , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis paper presents a novel method to remove spent grains efficiently from filter cloths via pulsed forward flushes. In breweries, mash filters separate liquid wort from solid spent grains, a by‐product. These mash filters use woven fabrics made from synthetic materials as filter media. However, rough filter surfaces often hinder the cleaning process. Concerning modern hygienic design principles, filter cloths are only designed for efficient filtration performances, in which cleanability is not considered. Hence, in combination with strongly adhesive spent grains, brewers often reject mash filters. The paper illustrates an experimental parameter variation and a comparison of pulsed with continuous cleaning in respect to their cleaning performance. The results showed that the proposed method is suitable, reaching up to 30% higher cleaning degrees than conventional methods. Furthermore, the technique required up to 50% fewer cleaning fluids and shorter cleaning times, indicating economic and ecological advantages.
Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse in the development of high dietary fibre noodles
Authors: Lau Ke Qi , Sabran Mohd Redzwan , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Chan Sook Wah 
Published: April 2022

SummarySugarcane bagasse (SB) is one of the most abundant food wastes. In this research, SB was incorporated into the development of noodles at three different ratios, i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%. Total dietary fibre of noodles significantly increased from 3.39% (control noodles; – without SB) to 13.85% with 15% SB incorporation. All SB incorporated noodles (SBNs) were qualified to be labelled as ‘High in dietary fibre’. The 15% SBN had the highest fibre content and lowest dialyzable glucose, but the organoleptic properties were the lowest. Due to that, 5% SBN was deemed to be the most suitable ratio for noodles incorporation, as it had the closest value towards the commercial noodles in terms of colour, texture, fibre content and dialyzable glucose concentration of noodles samples. In terms of sensory evaluation, the 5% SBN had the highest overall acceptability, and the ratio was suitable for noodles development.
A multi‐centre study on patients dying from COVID‐19: communication between clinicians, patients and their families
Authors: Everitt Rachel , Wong Aaron K. , Wawryk Olivia , Le Brian , Yoong Jaclyn , Pisasale Maria , Mendis Ruwani , Philip Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has led to challenges in providing effective and timely communication in healthcare. Services have been required to adapt and evolve as successful communication remains core to high‐quality patient‐centred care.AimTo describe the communication between admitted patients, their families and clinicians (medical, nursing, allied health) during end‐of‐life care.MethodsThis retrospective review included all patients (n = 230) who died directly due to COVID‐19 at five Melbourne hospitals between 1 January and 31 December 2020. Contacts and modality used (face to face, video, telephone) during the 8 days prior to death were recorded.ResultsPatients were predominantly elderly (median age 86 years) and from residential aged care facilities (62%; n = 141). Communication frequency increased the closer the patient was to death, where on day of death, contact between clinicians and patients was 93% (n = 213) clinicians and families 97% (n = 222) and between patients and families 50% (n = 115). Most contact between patients and families was facilitated by a clinician (91.3% (n = 105) day of death) with the most commonly used mode being video call (n = 30 day of death).ConclusionThis study is one of the first and largest Australian reports on how communication occurs at the end of life for patients dying of COVID‐19. Contact rates were relatively low between patients and families, compared with other cohorts dying from non‐COVID‐19 related causes. The impact of this difference on bereavement outcomes requires surveillance and attention.
TIM3/CEACAM1 pathway involves in myeloid‐derived suppressor cells induced CD8+ T cells exhaustion and bone marrow inflammatory microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Yu Shunjie , Ren Xiaotong , Meng Fanqiao , Guo Xinyu , Tao Jinglian , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhaoyun , Fu Rong , Li Lijuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) induced cellular immune deficiency and bone marrow inflammatory microenvironment play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we revealed that immune checkpoint protein TIM3 and CEACAM1 were highly demonstrated on MDSC and CD8+ T cells in MDS patients. CD8+ T cells were reduced in number and function and presented a exhaustion state. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐18) and CEACAM1 were raised in bone marrow supernatants and MDSC culture supernatants. Blocking or neutralizing TIM3/CEACAM1 and IL‐1β/IL‐18 partially reversed exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, TIM3 correlated with NF‐κB /NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. The levels of NF‐κB/NLRP3/Caspase‐1/IL‐1β and IL‐18 were all increased in MDSC of MDS. Co‐culturing MDSC from MDS patients with rhCEACAM1 enhanced NF‐κB/NLRP3/Caspase‐1/IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels, whereas blocking TIM3 could partially reverse the above manifestations. These results indicated that TIM3/CEACAM1 pathway involved in CD8+ T cells exhaustion and might activate the NF‐κB/NLRP3/Caspase‐1 pathway in MDSC, increasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines secretion in MDS bone marrow microenvironment. This study provided a basis for applying immune checkpoint inhibitors that could simultaneously modulate pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhance anti‐tumour immune function in the treatment of MDS.