bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organocatalysts based on natural and modified amino acids for asymmetric reactions
Authors: Kamanna Kantharaju 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Small organic molecules predominantly containing C, H, O, N, S and P element are found promising molecule to accelerate chemical reactions and are named organocatalysis. In addition, these organocatalysts are easy availability, stable in water and air, inexpensive, and low toxicity, which confer a huge direct application in organic synthesis when compared to transition metal catalyzed reactions and becoming powerful tools in the construction of a selective chiral product. Interest on organocatalysis is spectacularly increased since last two decades, due to the novelty of the concept and selectivity. Based on the nature of the organocatalysts used, they are classified in to four major classes, among them one of the types is amino acids derived organocatalysts. Natural amino acids are playing important role in building blocks of protein construction, and also intermediate products of the metabolism. α-Amino acid is a molecule, that contains both amine and carboxyl functional group. Their particular structural characteristic determines their role in protein synthesis, and bifunctional asymmetric catalysts for stereoselective synthesis. Two functional groups present on a single carbon acting as an acid and base, which promote chemical transformations in concert similar to the enzymatic catalysis. The post translational derivatives of natural α-amino acids include 4-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-amino-L-proline scaffolds, and its synthetic variants based organocatalysts, whose catalytic activity is well documented. This chapter discussed past and present development of the organocatalysts derived from natural and modified amino acids for various important organic transformations reviewed.
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cytosolic and Membrane-Enriched α-Synuclein Converge on Fatty Acid Homeostasis
Authors: Tripathi Arati , Alnakhala Heba , Terry-Kantor Elizabeth , Newman Andrew , Liu Lei , Imberdis Thibaut , Fanning Saranna , Nuber Silke , Ramalingam Nagendran , Selkoe Dennis , Dettmer Ulf 
Published: January 2022

α-Synuclein (αS) plays a key role in Parkinson's disease. Although Parkinson's disease is typically “sporadic,” inherited αS missense mutations provide crucial insights into molecular mechanisms. Here, we examine two clinical mutants, E46K and G51D, which are both in the conserved N-terminus that mediates transient αS-membrane interactions. However, E46K increases and G51D decreases αS-membrane interactions. Previously, we amplified E46K via the 11-residue repeat motifs, creating “3K” (E35K+E46K+E61K). Here, we engineered these motifs to amplify G51D (V40D+G51D+V66D = “3D”) and systematically compared E46K/3K versus G51D/3D. We found that G51D increased cytosolic αS in neural cells and 3D aggravates this. G51D, and 3D even more, reduced αS multimer-to-monomer (αS60:αS14) ratio. Both amplified variants caused cellular stress in rat primary neurons and reduced growth in human neuroblastoma cells. Importantly, both 3K- and 3D-induced stress was ameliorated by pharmacologically inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase or by conditioning the cells in palmitic (16:0) or myristic (14:0) acid. SCD inhibition lowered lipid-droplet accumulation in both 3D- and 3K-expressing cells and benefitted G51D by normalizing multimer:monomer ratio, as reported previously for E46K. Our findings suggest that, despite divergent cytosol/membrane partitioning, both G51D and E46K neurotoxicity can be prevented by decreasing fatty-acid unsaturation as a common therapeutic approach.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTα-Synuclein (αS) dyshomeostasis is linked to Parkinson's disease. Here we focus on two contrasting familial-Parkinson's disease αS mutants, E46K and G51D, that alter αS membrane association in opposite directions (E46K increases, G51D decreases it). Taking advantage of αS repeat structure, here we designed αS “3D,” an amplified G51D variant (V40D+G51D+V66D). αS 3D further enhanced G51D's cytosolic enrichment. Systematic comparison of G51D/3D with membrane-enriched E46K/its amplified variant 3K revealed that both can elicit stress in human neural cells and primary rodent neurons. This toxicity can be ameliorated by inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase or by saturated fatty acid conditioning. Thus, despite divergent membrane binding, both G51D and E46K αS dyshomeostasis are mitigated by altering fatty acid saturation as a shared target.
Density of states and interband light absorption in Y2O3 and Sc2O3 thin films
Authors: Bordun O.M. , Bordun I.O. , Kofliuk I.M. , Kukharskyy I.Yo. , Medvid I.I. 
Published: January 2022

The long-wavelength edge of the fundamental absorption band of thin Y2O3 and Sc2O3 films obtained by the method of discrete evaporation in vacuum is investigated. On the basis of its temperature dependence, the excitons - phonon interaction is investigated, which made it possible to interpret the absorption edge as the absorption of self-trapped excitons. To analyze the experimental results, we used a model of a heavily doped or defective semiconductor in the quasi-classical approximation. The use of this model made it possible to estimate the radius of the ground electronic state a and the screening radius rS and the concentration of free charge carriers N in the films under study.
Assessment of academic achievements of special children
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Life skills play a key role in the academic achievement of students and the development of a society and nation. This research aims to investigate the life skills of male and female mentally retarted students, to assess the life skills of female and male mentally retarded students as perceived by their teachers, to analyze the academic achievements of the mentally retarded students, and to investigate the impact of the life skills of mentally retarded students on their academic achievement. A total of 20 students in the 10th grade and their teachers were selected for the current study. The researcher used a questionnaire for data collection and they were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and percentage formula. The results of the study showed that students with mental retardation achieved low academic scores. These low academic achievements of students with mental retardation indicated that children with mental retardation need special care and extra efforts to achieve better academic achievements.
Keywords: Life Skills; Academic Achievement; Mental Retardation; Students, Teachers
Associative and Dissociative Social Interaction Patterns In The Inclusion School Of SD Taman Muda Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta
Authors: Calista Wina , Mudiyono Mudiyono 
Published: January 2022

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><em>The background of this study is still the occurrence of rejection and disputes between regular students and students with special needs in inclusion schools. This certainly has an impact on student relationships in schools. Therefore, this study aims to describe the pattern of associative and dissociative interaction of regular students and students with special needs at SD Taman Muda Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta. This type of research is qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The result of this study is a pattern of associative interaction between regular students and students with special needs classified in the form of cooperation, assimilation, and accommodation. Cooperation is seen at the activities in the school. This form of assimilation between regular students and students with special needs is the planting of a tolerance attitude. The form of accommodation between regular students and students with special needs leads to a form of arbitration and tolerance. Dissociative interaction patterns between regular students and students with special needs are classified in patterns of competition, contravention, and conflict/strife. Competition occurs in academic competition and competition to be the best student. While the contravention which leads to rejection and the onset of displeased feelings hidden by students against the companion of students with special needs(shadow teacher). The conflict is dominated by students with special needs with emotional and behavioral disorders (unsociability disorder).</em><p> </p>
Perpetrators of Gender-Based and Sexual Harassment in the Field of Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Giglio Victoria , Schneider Patricia , Madden Kim , Bond Zoe , McKay Paula , Bozzo Anthony , Bhandari Mohit , Ghert Michelle 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The prevalence of gender-based and sexual harassment in the field of orthopaedic surgery in Canada is high. Previous research in other jurisdictions has identified the most common perpetrators of harassment to be senior surgeons or directors. We aimed to identify the most frequent perpetrators of gender-based and sexual harassment in orthopaedic surgery in Canada.

Methods:
We conducted a Canada-wide survey of all orthopaedic surgeons registered with the Canadian Orthopaedic Association and the Canadian Orthopaedic Residents’ Association. The development of our 116-item questionnaire was informed by a review of the literature and other published gender-based and sexual harassment surveys. Descriptive analyses, including frequency counts with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), are reported for all data.

Results:
Of the 465 survey respondents, the median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 35 to 59) and respondents were most commonly male (72%), White (81%), married (77%), and staff orthopaedic surgeons (68%). Peers were identified as the most common perpetrators of gender-based harassment (55%, 95% CI, 50 to 59), and patients were identified as the most common perpetrators of sexual harassment (48%, 95% CI, 43 to 52). Women were more likely to report direct supervisors or patients as the perpetrators of gender-based and sexual harassment, and men reported peers as the most common perpetrators.

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic surgery peers and patients are the most commonly reported perpetrators of gender-based and sexual harassment in Canada. The results of this study may be helpful to institutions in designing and focusing educational programs and/or policies and procedures to help reduce harassment incidents in the training and work environment.
Evolution of Fault-Zone Hydromechanical Properties in Response to Different Cementation Processes
Authors: Romano C. R. , Williams R. T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Progressive cementation and sealing of fault-localized fractures impact crustal mass transport and the recovery of fault strength following slip events. We use discrete fracture network (DFN) models to examine how fracture sealing during end-member cementation mechanisms (i.e., reaction- versus transported-limited cementation) influences the partitioning of fluid flow through time. DfnWorks was used to generate randomized fracture networks parameterized with fracture orientation data compiled from field studies. Single-phase flow simulations were performed for each network over a series of timesteps, and network parameters were modified to reflect progressive fracture sealing consistent with either reaction- or transport-limited crystal growth. Results show that when fracture cementation is reaction-limited, fluid flow becomes progressively channelized into a smaller number of fractures with larger apertures. When fracture cementation is transport-limited, fluid flow experiences progressive dechannelization, becoming more homogeneously distributed throughout the fracture network. These behaviors are observed regardless of the DFN parameterization, suggesting that the effect is an intrinsic component of all fracture networks subjected to the end-member cementation mechanisms. These results have first-order implications for the spatial distribution of fluid flow in fractured rocks and recovery of permeability and strength during fault/fracture healing in the immediate aftermath of fault slip.
Effects of Intramuscular Vitamin E Administration on Chemical Composition of Lactating West African Dwarf (Wad) Goats Milk.
Authors: Adeoye Samson , James Ikechukwu , Nwosu Emmanuela , Daramola James , Adewumi o. o , Adelabu Akintayo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Goats in Africa are constantly exposed to adverse weather conditions which leads to production deficiencies. Vitamin E ameliorates such effects as it aids better utilization of nutrients and increases quality of animal-based products, especially milk. This study investigated effect of vitamin E administration on some milk constituents of lactating West Africa Dwarf (WAD) goats. Twenty-four (24) lactating WAD does were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: T0 (control) received no vitamin E, while lactating does in T2 and T3 received 75 and 150 IU of vitamin E respectively. Milk samples were collected, frozen at -4°C and analyzed for some milk constituents. Lactating does administered 150 IU produced the highest (p&lt;0.05) milk protein (3.66%), titratable acidity (0.20%), total solids (13%) and casein (3.52%), but higher mean value of calcium (257.63 mg/100g) was recorded compared to does injected 75 IU. Late stage of lactation produced the highest (p&lt;0.05) milk protein (3.88%), lactose (4.62%), total solids (13.17%), solids-non-fat (9.41%) and casein (3.53%) while early stage of lactation had the highest (p&lt;0.05) calcium (266.21 mg/100g), phosphorus (28.98 mg/100g), zinc (2.68 mg/100g) and copper (0.22 mg/100g). Milk protein, lactose (LAC), moisture content (MC), total solids (TS), solids-non-fat (SNF), casein and copper (Cu) were stable (p&lt;0.05) at the end of twelve weeks of milk storage duration (MSD). The study concluded that vitamin E administration improved the quality of milk constituents of lactating WAD does.
Modeling the Effects of the Factors Affecting IGF in Coastal Areas and Variation of IGF in Jiaodong Peninsula of China Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Chu Hong-Xu , Xing Zan-Yang , Wang Yan-Ling , Nanan Balan , Zhang Qing-He , Liang Li-Kai , Wang Han 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on finite element method, we develop a model of the induced geoelectric field (IGF) occurring in land-sea boundary regions during large geomagnetic field disturbances. The model is used first to study the effects of the changes in the lithospheric conductivity, ionospheric current, and ocean depth on the distribution of IGF in a typical land-sea boundary region. The results show that the changes in the lithospheric conductivity and ionospheric current (frequency, magnitude and direction) have major effects and ocean depth has minor effect on IGF in coastal areas. Then by incorporating a realistic 3-D conductivity variation of Jiaodong Peninsula (JDP) in China obtained from measured data, the model is used to simulate the IGF variation in JDP covering its land-sea boundaries for east-west and north-south ionospheric currents. The results show a new aspect that extremely large IGF development on the land side of the coastal bay areas perpendicular to the currnet compared to plane coastal areas. The results can stimulate detailed investigations of IGF (and GIC, geomagnetically induced current) in coastal areas.
Agroforestry as a Pathway to Climate-Smart Agribusiness: Challenges and Opportunities to Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries
Authors: Kassa Getahun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Agroforestry systems have become increasingly relevant in recent days as they introduced new commercial opportunities to smallholder farmers. In the same vein, being an eco-friendly practice has gained agroforestry systems popularity as a climate-smart agriculture practice. However, exploiting the investment potential of agroforestry systems requires understanding their challenges and opportunities as a business. The review addresses the combination of annual crops with trees to ensure stable income, social, and environmental justice. In a nutshell, by creating a productive, resilient, and low-emission land-use for smallholder farmers, agroforestry systems can be an effective and efficient pathway towards climate-smart agribusiness and to the achievement of the Global Goal of Sustainable Development.
Why choose paediatrics? A systematic review of factors affecting choice of paediatrics as a career
Authors: Kahvo Mia , Vallabhaneni Pramodh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite being a popular specialty at the undergraduate level, paediatrics lags behind most other medical and surgical specialties for postgraduate recruitment. As many individuals decide on their future career choice while still in medical school, it is important to identify the factors that attract individuals to a career in paediatrics.
Objective
To determine the positive influencing factors determining paediatrics as a career choice.
Methods
A systematic review of primary research articles was conducted searching Medline, Embase, ERIC and Google Scholar, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Studies exploring medical student, junior doctor and current paediatricians’ perceptions of paediatrics were included. Factors affecting career choice were identified.
Results
Eight studies out of a possible 705 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Five key influencing themes were identified. These were: early undergraduate and clinical exposure to paediatrics; the presence of role models and mentors; an enjoyable working atmosphere and varied clinical work; a personal commitment to paediatrics; and working with children.
Conclusion
Medical students are drawn by the wide clinical variety in paediatrics, enjoyable ward atmosphere and enthusiastic colleagues. Given the importance of early clinical exposure in determining student motivation, paediatrics needs to do more to advertise the wide variety of clinical and research work available, starting early in medical school. Medical students need to be offered more opportunities to experience the specialty through student selected components, summer schools, or workshops, requiring coordination between medical schools and regional paediatric departments.
A Unified Framework of Deep Unfolding for Compressed Color Imaging
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Feng Wu , Yuanyuan Zhu , Jiaxuan Zhou , Wei Sui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Traditional iterative-based reconstruction algorithms for compressed color imaging often suffer from long reconstruction time and low reconstruction accuracy at extreme low-rate subsampling. This paper proposes a model-driven deep learning framework for compressed color imaging. In the training step, extract the image blocks at the same position of the R, G, and B channel images as the ground truth, then singular value decomposition is performed on the measurement matrix to obtain the optimized measurement matrix and low-dimensional measurements, afterwards the ground-truth and optimized measurements are utilized to construct a large amount of training data pairs to train an ‘end-to-end’ deep unfolding model for compressed color imaging. In the test step, the single pretrained model is used to reconstruct high-quality images from optimized low-dimensional compressed measurements for each channel and synthesize a color image. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our proposed unified framework can achieve high accuracy and real-time reconstruction for the color image at extremely low subsampling rate.
Synergistic effects of calcium peroxide and Fe3O4@BC composites on AVS removal, phosphorus and chromium release in sediments
Authors: Li Yintian , Huang Yanchun , Wang Xueying , Gou Ge , Liu Chao , Lai Bo , Li Jun , He Yunxin , Li Naiwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Black-odorous sediment pollution in urban have received widespread attention, especially pollution caused by acidified volatile sulfide (AVS), phosphorus and heavy metals. Fe3O4 was loaded onto the biochar (BC) by coprecipitate method to synthesize Fe3O4@BC composites, which were mixed with calcium peroxide (CP) to sediment pollution treatment. In this study, the removal of AVS was analyzed from three aspects: firstly, AVS was oxidized with oxygen produced by CP. And then, Fe2+ could activate H2O2 produced by CP to generate hydroxyl radicals which have strong oxidation property to oxidize AVS. Finally, AVS was removed by bacterial denitrification. The results showed that the AVS removal rate could reach 71% compared with the blank group on the 25th day. With the addition of CP and Fe3O4@BC, the content of overlying water remained at 0.1 mg/L, which was due to the conversion of NH4Cl-P and Fe/Al-P in sediments into Ca-P to inhibit the release of phosphorus. At the same time, the acid extractable state and the reducible state of Cr in the sediment also decreased to 0.58% and 0.97%, which inhibited the release and migration of the heavy metal Cr. In addition, the results of high-throughput genetic test showed that the CP+Fe3O4@BC group had a great increase in the total number of microorganisms compared to other groups. The abundance of Sulfurovum increased while that of sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRBs) was inhibited. Moreover, an abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Dechlorominas, Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium) was increased. This study showed that the combined application of Fe3O4@BC composites and CP had a remarkable effect on the urban sediment treatment, which provided a new way to remove sediment pollution.
The Relationship Between Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products And Obesity: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: DENG Huan , DENG Sizhu , CHEN Qiu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the improvement of nutritional status, the prevalence of obesity is increasing. The occurrence and development of obesity is closely related to the oxidative stress pathway of AGEs production. However, the current research on the correlation between obesity and ages is controversial. Thus, we evaluated the association between obesity and sRAGE. We searched 1,424 articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and other resources. Among the 1,424 articles identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. After the data analysis of research results, it is concluded that the sRAGE of obese patients is lower than normal weight people(MD [95%CI] =-247.65 [-319.63,-175.67], Z = 6.74, P <0.00001). In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis revealed a negative correlation between obesity and sRAGE.
Effect of Mucuna Pruriens Seeds Supplementation on Heat Shock Proteins and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Beetal Goats in Relation to Seasonal Stress
Authors: Jadhav Sameer Niwas , Nayyar Shashi , Singh Chanchal , Mukhopaddhyay C.S , Kumar B.V. Sunil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mucuna pruriens seeds are known to exhibit antistress and antioxidant properties. The study was conducted to analyze the effect of Mucuna pruriens seed supplementation on heat shock protein (HSP) and mitochondrial gene expression, which are considered as molecular markers of heat stress. Adult beetal does, and kids were given 100 mg/kg bodyweight of M. pruriens seed powder for 30 days during the winter and summer seasons. Gene expression of HSP-70, HSP-90 genes, and mitochondrial cytochrome B and cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene were tested on day 0 and day 30 blood samples. Average THI was significantly higher during summer, while relative humidity remained significantly higher during the winter season. HSP-70 and HSP-90 gene expression were found to be significantly decreased while COX-I and CYT B were found significantly increased in Mucuna pruriens supplemented does and kids during both summer and winter season compared to the control group. Supplementing Mucuna pruriens seeds @ 100 mg/kg body weight to goats leads to a decrease in thermal stress response and increases mitochondrial respiration efficiency as evident from increase in mitochondrial gene expression, thus ameliorating seasonal stress response and improving the overall physiological adaptability of the goat to seasonal stress.