bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitatrestauration mit Ablaufdatum? Integration dynamischer Prozesse in der Sanierung von Fließgewässern
Authors: Hohensinner Severin , Schachner Tanja , Schmutz Stefan 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Konzepte für gewässerökologisch-hydromorphologische Sanierungen von Fließgewässern sehen meist eine (teilweise) Wiederherstellung der Gewässerdynamik vor. Folglich werden heute vermehrt Uferschutzbauten entfernt, Gerinneaufweitungen vorgenommen und verlandete Altarme wieder reaktiviert. Doch viele der daraus entstandenen neuen Gewässer(strukturen) erweisen sich mittel- bis langfristig nicht als selbsterhaltend. So neigen neu entstandene Nebenarme oft zur Verlandung und weitere Erhaltungsmaßnahmen sind erforderlich – selbst wenn bei der Planung auf historische Referenzen Bezug genommen wurde. Am Beispiel der Oberen Mur zwischen Fisching/Zeltweg und Leoben wird aufgezeigt, dass viele dieser zweifelsfrei ökologisch wertvollen Renaturierungsmaßnahmen keiner echten prozessorientierten „Fließgewässer-Redynamisierung“, sondern eher ökologisch motivierten Restrukturierungen mit Ablaufdatum entsprechen. Für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Sanierung würden die meisten Fließgewässer wesentlich mehr Raum und eine Integration morphodynamischer Prozesse benötigen, damit autochthone flussmorphologische und gewässerökologische Entwicklungszyklen möglich sind, die ein Mosaik an Habitaten unterschiedlicher Sukzessionsstadien hervorbringen.
A higher-order plate theory for the analysis of vibrations of thick orthotropic laminates
Authors: Furtmüller Thomas , Adam Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, flexural vibrations of linear elastic laminates composed of thick orthotropic layers, such as cross-laminated timber, are addressed. For efficient computation, an equivalent single-layer plate theory with eight kinematic degrees of freedom is derived, both in terms of equations of motion at the continuum level and in terms of a finite element representation. The validity of the plate theory is demonstrated by comparing natural frequencies of a simply supported plate over a wide frequency range for which an analytical solution is available. Furthermore, the influence of individual material properties on the accuracy of the plate theory is investigated, demonstrating its broad applicability. The influence of material orientation on the accuracy of the plate theory is examined by comparative finite element simulations. It is shown that, for cross-ply laminates, the plate theory is valid for elements oriented at any angle to the material principal axes.
Development of the invasive candidiasis discharge [I Can discharge] model: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Jo Jinhee , Tran Truc T. , Beyda Nicholas D. , Simmons Debora , Hendrickson Joshua A. , Almutairi Masaad Saeed , Alnezary Faris S. , Gonzales-Luna Anne J. , Septimus Edward J. , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) have complex medical and infectious disease problems that often require continued care after discharge. This study aimed to assess echinocandin use at hospital discharge and develop a transition of care (TOC) model to facilitate discharge for patients with IC. This was a mixed method study design that used epidemiologic assessment to better understand echinocandin use at hospital discharge TOC. Using grounded theory methodology focused on patients given echinocandins during their last day of hospitalization, a TOC model for patients with IC, the invasive candidiasis [I Can] discharge model was developed to better understand discharge barriers. A total of 33% (1405/4211) echinocandin courses were continued until the last day of hospitalization. Of 536 patients chosen for in-depth review, 220 (41%) were discharged home, 109 (20%) were transferred, and 207 (39%) died prior to discharge. Almost half (46%, 151/329) of patients discharged alive received outpatient echinocandin therapy. Independent predictors for outpatient echinocandin use were osteomyelitis (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.7; p = 0.04), other deep-seated infection (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7–12.0; p = 0.003), and non-home discharge location (OR, 3.9, 95% CI, 2.0–7.7; p < 0.001). The I Can discharge model was developed encompassing four distinct themes which was used to identify potential barriers to discharge. Significant echinocadin use occurs at hospital discharge TOC. The I Can discharge model may help clinical, policy, and research decision-making processes to facilitate smoother and earlier hospital discharges.
On geometric mean fitness: a reply to Takacs and Bourrat
Authors: Autzen Bengt , Okasha Samir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a recent paper, Takacs and Bourrat (Biol Philos 37:12, 2022) examine the use of geometric mean reproductive output as a measure of biological fitness. We welcome Takacs and Bourrat’s scrutiny of a fitness definition that some philosophers have adopted uncritically. We also welcome Takacs and Bourrat’s attempt to marry the philosophical literature on fitness with the biological literature on mathematical measures of fitness. However, some of the main claims made by Takacs and Bourrat are not correct, while others are correct but not for the reasons they give.
Altered cardiac structure and function in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study after the initiation of antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Robbertse Pieter-Paul S. , Doubell Anton F. , Steyn Jan , Lombard Carl J. , Talle Mohammed A. , Herbst Philip G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHIV associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a poorly understood entity that may progress along a continuum. We evaluated a group of persons newly diagnosed with HIV and studied the evolution of cardiac abnormalities after ART initiation. We recruited a group of newly diagnosed, ART naïve persons with HIV and a healthy, HIV uninfected group. Participants underwent comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, including cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. The HIV group was started on ART and re-evaluated 9 months later. The cardiovascular parameters of the study groups were compared at diagnosis and after 9 months. The ART naïve group’s (n = 66) left- and right end diastolic volume indexed for height were larger compared with controls (n = 22) (p < 0.03). The left ventricular mass indexed for height was larger in the naïve group compared with controls (p = 0.04). The ART naïve group had decreased left- and right ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.03) and negative, non-linear associations with high HIV viral load (p = 0.02). The left ventricular size increased after 9 months (p = 0.04), while the systolic function remained unchanged. The HIV group had a high rate of non-resolving pericardial effusions. HIV infected persons demonstrate structurally and functionally altered ventricles at diagnosis. High HIV viral load was associated with left- and right ventricular dysfunction. Cardiac parameters and pericardial effusion prevalence did not show improvement with ART. Conversely, a concerning trend of increase was observed with left ventricular size. These subclinical cardiac abnormalities may represent a stage on the continuum of HIVAC that can progress to symptomatic disease if the causes are not identified and addressed.
Access Isn’t Enough: Evaluating the Quality of a Hospital Medical Assistance in Dying Program
Authors: Frolic Andrea , Swinton Marilyn , Oliphant Allyson , Murray Leslie , Miller Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFollowing an initial study of the needs of healthcare providers (HCP) regarding the introduction of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD), and the subsequent development of an assisted dying program, this study sought to determine the efficacy and impact of MAiD services following the first two years of implementation. The first of three aims of this research was to understand if the needs, concerns and hopes of stakeholders related to patient requests for MAiD were addressed appropriately. Assessing how HCPs and families perceived the quality of MAiD services, and determining if the program successfully accommodated the diverse needs and perspectives of HCPs, rounded out this quality evaluation. This research implemented a mixed-methods design incorporative of an online survey with Likert scale and open-ended questions, as well as focus groups and interviews with staff and physicians, and interviews with MAiD-involved family members. There were 356 online surveys, as well as 39 participants in six focus groups with HCP, as well as fourteen interviews with MAiD-involved family members. Participants indicated that high-quality MAiD care could only be provided with enabling resources such as policies and guidelines to ensure safe, evidence-based, standardized care, as well as a specialized, trained MAiD team. Both focus group and survey data from HCPs suggest the infrastructure developed by the hospital was effective in delivering high-quality MAiD care that supports the diverse needs of various stakeholders. This study may serve as a model for evaluating the impact and quality of services when novel and ethically-contentious clinical practices are introduced to healthcare organizations.
Assessment of drugs administered in the Middle East as part of the COVID-19 management protocols
Authors: Elekhnawy Engy , Negm Walaa A. , El-Sherbeni Suzy A. , Zayed Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe pandemic spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reported first at the end of 2019. It continues disturbing various human aspects with multiple pandemic waves showing more fatal novel variants. Now Egypt faces the sixth wave of the pandemic with controlled governmental measures. COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease-causing mild to moderate illness that can be progressed into life-threatening complications based on patients- and variant type-related factors. The symptoms vary from dry cough, fever to difficulty in breathing that required urgent hospitalization. Most countries have authorized their national protocols for managing manifested symptoms and thus lowering the rate of patients’ hospitalization and boosting the healthcare systems. These protocols are still in use even with the development and approval of several vaccines. These protocols were instructed to aid home isolation, bed rest, dietary supplements, and additionally the administration of antipyretic, steroids, and antiviral drugs. The current review aimed to highlight the administered protocols in the Middle East, namely in Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia demonstrating how these protocols have shown potential effectiveness in treating patients and saving many soles.
New bounds for nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programming
Authors: Zamani Moslem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study some bounds for nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs). We propose two types of bounds for QCQPs, quadratic and cubic bounds. We use affine functions as Lagrange multipliers for quadratic bounds. We demonstrate that most semidefinite relaxations can be obtained as the dual of a quadratic bound. In addition, we study bounds obtained by changing the ground set. For cubic bounds, in addition to affine multipliers we employ quadratic functions. We provide a comparison between the proposed cubic bound and typical bounds for standard quadratic programs. Moreover, we report comparison results of some quadratic and cubic bounds.
In the name of the University: the choice to promote as a tool to influence decision-making
Authors: D’Uggento Angela Maria , Petruzzellis Luca , Piper Luigi , Gurrieri Antonia Rosa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChoosing the University to attend is an important decision that is made once or twice in a lifetime and has relevant effects for a person’s entire life. In such a process, advice from others, especially current students, is a powerful influencing factor. Therefore, understanding the factors that lead students to become active advocates for their university is strategically important. Social identity theory states that when students choose a university, the image of the institution becomes part of their identity. In case of strong positive identification, the resulting sense of pride enhances their own self-identity and brings positive benefits beyond simply obtaining an education, which are then passed on to everyone. The current study focuses on brand experience and brand reputation and uses a moderated mediation analysis to investigate the mechanisms by which current students can be tools for university choice. Stimulating word-of-mouth (WOM) implies the institution to have and maintain a good reputation and engage students to develop a positive brand experience and pride. This research contributes to the development of a greater strategic awareness of universities’ appeal to better tailor their orientation activities to current or prospective students.
Evaluating different combination methods to analyse ultrasound and shear wave elastography images automatically through discriminative convolutional neural network in breast cancer imaging
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf , Reich Christoph , Skerl Katrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeUltrasound (US) and Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) imaging are non-invasive methods used for breast lesion characterization. While US and SWE images provide both morphological information, SWE visualizes in addition the elasticity of tissue. In this study a Discriminative Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) model is applied to US and SWE images and their combination to classify the breast lesions into malignant or benign cases. Furthermore, it is identified whether analysing only the region of the elastogram or including the surrounding B-mode image gives a superior performance.MethodsThe dataset used in this study consists of 746 images obtained from 207 patients comprising 486 malignant and 260 benign breast lesions. From each image the US and SWE image was extracted, once including only the region of the elastogram and once including also the surrounding B-mode image. These four datasets were applied individually to a DCNN to determine their predictive capability. Each the best US and SWE dataset were used to examine different combination methods with DCNN. The results were compared to the manual assessment by an expert radiologist.ResultsThe combination of US and SWE images with the surrounding B-mode image using two ensembled DCNN models achieved best results with an accuracy of 93.53 %, sensitivity of 94.42 %, specificity of 90.75 % and area under the curve (AUC) of 96.55 %.ConclusionThis study showed that using the whole US and SWE images through DCNN was superior to methods, in which only the region of elastogram was used. Combining breast cancer US and SWE images with two ensembled DCNN models in parallel improved the results. The accuracy, sensitivity and AUC of the best combination method were significantly superior to the results of using a single dataset through DCNN and to the results of the expert radiologist.
History Matters: Colonial-Based Connectivity and Foreign Headquarter Location Choice
Authors: Andreu Ana Botella , Lavoratori Katiuscia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we argue that European countries’ extensive relationships with former colonies represent a location factor that attracts foreign headquarter investments. The strategic role of foreign headquarters as coordinators, opportunity detectors, and global bridgeheads makes the location choice of headquarter activities sensitive to historical-based institutional connections. Drawing on a sample of 2230 foreign headquarter investments in Europe, we find that the stronger the combined effect of historical connections and current economic relationships with former colonies, the higher the probability of attracting headquarter investment projects. We refer to this combined characteristic as colonial-based connectivity. The study findings support the hypothesis that past colonial relationships and historical context influence FDI decisions and location preferences. We contribute to the literature by advancing the understanding of foreign headquarter location choices, and by demonstrating the importance of historical context in international business research. We emphasize how the former colonial influence continues to confer advantages upon some countries, including the attraction of FDI.
Do household energy services affect each other directly? The direct rebound effect of household electricity consumption in Spain
Authors: Bordón-Lesme Martín , Freire-González Jaume , Padilla Rosa Emilio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe estimate the magnitude of the direct rebound effect (DRE) of households’ electricity consumption in Spain, through an econometric estimation method of panel data. The results indicate a DRE between 26 and 35% in the short run and around 36% in the long run. Moreover, we find a significant influence of other energy sources that appear to be complementary to electricity consumption according to our estimation. Hence, our results suggest that an improvement in the energy efficiency of an energy service may affect its own energy consumption as well as the energy consumption of other energy services. This would entail a new source of DRE.
A generic optimization and learning framework for Parkinson disease via speech and handwritten records
Authors: Yousif Nada R. , Balaha Hossam Magdy , Haikal Amira Y. , El-Gendy Eman M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with slow progression whose symptoms can be identified at late stages. Early diagnosis and treatment of PD can help to relieve the symptoms and delay progression. However, this is very challenging due to the similarities between the symptoms of PD and other diseases. The current study proposes a generic framework for the diagnosis of PD using handwritten images and (or) speech signals. For the handwriting images, 8 pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) via transfer learning tuned by Aquila Optimizer were trained on the NewHandPD dataset to diagnose PD. For the speech signals, features from the MDVR-KCL dataset are extracted numerically using 16 feature extraction algorithms and fed to 4 different machine learning algorithms tuned by Grid Search algorithm, and graphically using 5 different techniques and fed to the 8 pretrained CNN structures. The authors propose a new technique in extracting the features from the voice dataset based on the segmentation of variable speech-signal-segment-durations, i.e., the use of different durations in the segmentation phase. Using the proposed technique, 5 datasets with 281 numerical features are generated. Results from different experiments are collected and recorded. For the NewHandPD dataset, the best-reported metric is 99.75% using the VGG19 structure. For the MDVR-KCL dataset, the best-reported metrics are 99.94% using the KNN and SVM ML algorithms and the combined numerical features; and 100% using the combined the mel-specgram graphical features and VGG19 structure. These results are better than other state-of-the-art researches.
The predictive reframing of machine learning applications: good predictions and bad measurements
Authors: Mussgnug Alexander Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSupervised machine learning has found its way into ever more areas of scientific inquiry, where the outcomes of supervised machine learning applications are almost universally classified as predictions. I argue that what researchers often present as a mere terminological particularity of the field involves the consequential transformation of tasks as diverse as classification, measurement, or image segmentation into prediction problems. Focusing on the case of machine-learning enabled poverty prediction, I explore how reframing a measurement problem as a prediction task alters the primary epistemic aim of the application. Instead of measuring a property, machine learning developers conceive of their models as predicting a given measurement of this property. I argue that thispredictive reframingcommon to supervised machine learning applications is epistemically and ethically problematic, as it allows developers to externalize concerns critical to the epistemic validity and ethical implications of their model’s inferences. I further hold that the predictive reframing is not a necessary feature of supervised machine learning by offering an alternative conception of machine learning models as measurement models. An interpretation of supervised machine learning applications to measurement tasks asautomatically-calibrated model-based measurementsinternalizes questions of construct validity and ethical desirability critical to the measurement problem these applications are intended to and presented as solving. Thereby, this paper introduces an initial framework for exploring technical, historical, and philosophical research at the intersection of measurement and machine learning.
Field tests and numerical analysis of the effects of scour on a full-scale soil–foundation–structural system
Authors: Tubaldi Enrico , Antonopoulos Christos , Mitoulis Stergios Aristoteles , Argyroudis Sotirios , Gara Fabrizio , Ragni Laura , Carbonari Sandro , Dezi Francesca , Vratsikidis Athanasios , Pitilakis Dimitris , Anastasiadis Anastasios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScour is the prevailing cause of bridge failure worldwide, leading not only to traffic disruption, but also to social and economic losses and even to casualties. Many vibration-based monitoring techniques have been proposed for identifying the scour location and extent, based on the evaluation of the changes of the bridge modal properties due to scour. This study describes the experimental and numerical research carried out to investigate the effects of scour on the dynamic properties of structures with shallow foundations. Although these are the most vulnerable ones, they have received less attention compared to structures founded on pile foundations. To fill some existing knowledge gaps, field experiments were carried out on EuroProteas, a structural prototype with shallow foundation that was subjected to increasing levels of scour. The changes of the dynamic properties of the system are evaluated by postprocessing the ambient vibration recordings and by developing various models of the soil–foundation–structural system with different descriptions of the soil–structure interaction problem. The study results shed light on the effects of scour on systems with shallow foundations and on the accuracy of alternative modelling approaches. They are presented here to inform the development and validation of vibration-based techniques and modelling strategies for bridge scour identification.