bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing a prototype with laser direct metal deposition and laser welding made from martensitic steel 1.4313
Authors: Dey Indira , Fabbri Maicol , Gemmet Simon , Dalaee Mohammad , Wessel Mario , Wegener Konrad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBurckhardt Compression Holding AG, based in Winterthur, is an internationally active manufacturer of reciprocating compressors who uses three-piece pistons in its Laby® reciprocating compressors. Due to their design for casting, the pistons have a high weight, which limits the size of the piston, particularly for the large diameters. For this reason, solutions are being looked for to produce pistons in lightweight design using metal additive manufacturing processes to counteract these challenges. One of the innovative techniques for weight reduction that has been applied in various fields of science and industry is laser direct metal deposition (DMD). Therefore, a project was started with Burckhardt Compression to reduce the mass enabling higher operating speeds. This study presents a workflow to manufacture a lightweight piston from martensitic steel 1.4313 by direct metal deposition (DMD) with a diameter of approximately 342 mm and a height of 140 mm. The piston is characterized by different segments, which are conventionally and additively manufactured to overcome machine limitations. The piston crown was joined to the additive manufactured part and sealed by CO2laser welding. Reducing the laser power in DMD reduced the temperature, and hence, oxidation of manganese and silicium and reducing the carrier gas flow improved the buildup rate and reduced the turbulence induced oxidation. Alternating the feed direction per layer improved the geometrical accuracy and avoided material accumulation at sharp corners. A method was found to indicate quantitatively the geometrical accuracy of a radius in buildup direction. The welding types and seams for laser welding were selected to enable a good force flow; however, a clamping device was necessary. A double weld strategy was considered in order to reduce a notch effect at the hidden T-joints. The design enabled a 40% weight reduction resulting in a weight of 24 kg compared to the cast piston with a weight of 40 kg. Metallographic analysis and 3D scans were performed in order to evaluate the material quality and geometrical accuracy. The study shows the limitations and challenges of DMD and how to overcome machine limitations by part segmentation.
Long-term neurocognitive functioning of children treated with propranolol or atenolol for infantile hemangioma
Authors: Hermans Mireille M. , Rietman André B. , Schappin Renske , de Laat Peter C. J. , Mendels Elodie J. , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , Langeveld Hester R. , de Wildt Saskia N. , Breugem Corstiaan C. , de Graaf Marlies , Raphael Martine F. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare long-term neurocognitive functioning (working memory, processing speed, and attention) between children who had been treated with either propranolol or atenolol for infantile hemangioma during infancy. All eligible children (n = 158) aged 6 years or older and treated with propranolol or atenolol as infants were invited to participate in this two-center cross-sectional study. The primary outcome was the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI), a measure of working memory, processing speed, and attention. Secondary outcomes were general intelligence, auditory, visuospatial, and narrative memory, as well as executive functioning and sleep. A total of 105 children, of whom 36 had been treated with propranolol (age 6.0–11.8 years, follow-up time 1.6–9.7 years, 19% male) and 69 had been treated with atenolol (age 6.9–9.7 years, follow-up time 4.5–8.4 years, 19% male), were analyzed. The CPI and other neurocognitive outcomes did not differ between the propranolol and atenolol groups and were in line with general population test norms. Post hoc analyses revealed lower CPI scores for males, both compared to participating females (10.3 IQ points, medium effect size) and compared to matched test norms (12.4 IQ points, medium effect size).Conclusions: Long-term neurocognitive functioning did not differ between children treated with propranolol and those treated with atenolol for IH. Overall, propranolol and atenolol appear to be safe treatments for IH regarding long-term neurocognitive functioning. The substantially lower CPI scores in males warrant further investigation.Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NL7703 https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7703

What is Known:

• Infants with infantile hemangioma are effectively treated with propranolol or atenolol.

• Parents and professionals are concerned about long-term neurocognitive effects.

What is New:

• No long-term (≥ 6 years) differences in neurocognitive functioning were found between children treated with propranolol or atenolol.

• Males treated with beta-blockers had substantially lower IQ scores than treated females and males from the general population, which is a matter of concern and should be considered when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio in less severe forms of infantile hemangioma.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of electrospun TiO2/polyacrylonitrile membranes in a crossflow reactor using dual lights
Authors: Grandcolas Mathieu , Oudin Eloise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic membranes reactors have become one of the most efficient technologies to treat polluted waters. However, a major drawback is the unilateral irradiation of the membrane, where only one side of the membrane is exploited. To overcome this issue, we developed a reactor where the membrane can be irradiated on both sides. Polyacrylonitrile membranes containing different amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles up to 60% were first prepared by electrospinning. These membranes were used in a 3D-printed crossflow photocatalytic membrane reactor for the degradation of methylene blue under different combinations of lights. The use of both sides of the photocatalytic membrane significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue in water. The prepared membranes showed the best decolorization rate for a loading of 60% of TiO2 and the use of dual ultraviolet lights, where the methylene blue solution was completely discolored after 90 min. This is the first report of a such system configuration, and this new irradiation concept is promising for photocatalytic membrane reactions and water cleaning.
A Pixel-wise Segmentation Model to Identify Bur Chervil (Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb.) Within Images from a Cereal Cropping Field
Authors: Karimi Hadi , Navid Hossein , Dammer Karl-Heinz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBecause of insufficient effectiveness after herbicide application in autumn, bur chervil (Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb.) is often present in cereal fields in spring. A second reason for spreading is the warm winter in Europe due to climate change. This weed continues to germinate from autumn to spring. To prevent further spreading, a site-specific control in spring is reasonable. Color imagery would offer cheap and complete monitoring of entire fields. In this study, an end-to-end fully convolutional network approach is presented to detect bur chervil within color images. The dataset consisted of images taken at three sampling dates in spring 2018 in winter wheat and at one date in 2019 in winter rye from the same field. Pixels representing bur chervil were manually annotated in all images. After a random image augmentation was done, a Unet-based convolutional neural network model was trained using 560 (80%) of the sub-images from 2018 (training images). The power of the trained model at the three different sampling dates in 2018 was evaluated at 141 (20%) of the manually annotated sub-images from 2018 and all (100%) sub-images from 2019 (test images). Comparing the estimated and the manually annotated weed plants in the test images the Intersection over Union (Jaccard index) showed mean values in the range of 0.9628 to 0.9909 for the three sampling dates in 2018, and a value of 0.9292 for the one date in 2019. The Dice coefficients yielded mean values in the range of 0.9801 to 0.9954 for 2018 and a value of 0.9605 in 2019.
Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Tryptophan role in the Alleviation of the Toxic Action of Brominal Herbicide on Wheat Plants
Authors: Osman Mohamed El-Anwar H. , Abo-Shady Atef M. , Gaafar Reda M. , Ismail Gehan A. , El-Nagar Maysa M. F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria like Arthrospira platensis and Nostoc muscorum are known to be beneficial for plant development. They can improve plant growth, yield, proximate content (protein and carbohydrate), and stimulate plant tolerance to abiotic stresses like herbicides. In the present study, the impacts of brominal herbicide (Bh) alone or in combination with natural cyanobacterial or synthetic tryptophan treatments were investigated on the morphological and physiological parameters of wheat plants. The Bh treatment caused a reduction in all the estimated morphological and physiological parameters of the plants. The combination of Bh and cyanobacterial or tryptophan treatments could significantly increase the plant length, fresh and dry weights, and yield parameters (spike length, spike weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, and productivity). In addition, pigments, carbohydrates, and protein content was also reduced in response to the Bh treatment, while the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation increased. Priming wheat grains in cyanobacterial aqueous extract and tryptophan before cultivation reversed the toxic effects of Bh application, amplified extra antioxidant ability, and decreased the lipid peroxidation of the plants. Finally, the combination of cyanobacterial and tryptophan as treatments for priming wheat grains before being sown in the soil should help to strengthen the defense systems of the wheat plant to tolerate the adverse effects of species-specific Bh upon application.
The digital labor of ethical food consumption: a new research agenda for studying everyday food digitalization
Authors: Schneider Tanja , Eli Karin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how consumers’ ethical food consumption practices, mediated by mobile phone applications (apps), are transformed into digital data. Based on a review of studies on the digitalization of ethical consumption practices and food apps, we find that previous research, while valuable, fails to acknowledge and critically examine the digital labor required to perform digitalized ethical food consumption. In this paper, we call for research on how digital labor underlies the digitalization of ethical food consumption and develop a conceptual framework that supports this research agenda. Our proposed conceptual framework builds on three interconnected analytical concepts—datafication, affordances and digital labor—that enable the study of digital labor as an infrastructural element of digitalized food consumption. We illustrate our conceptual framework through our previous research concerning Buycott, a US-based mobile app whose stated aim is to facilitate consumers’ ethical purchasing decisions. Using the walkthrough method, we consider how the Buycott app engages user-generated data and what implications this holds for consumers. The app’s infrastructure, we suggest, connects ethical consumption and digital labor. A richer understanding of the digital food economy, we propose, enables social scientists not only to elucidate how consumers engage in digital labor, but also to contribute to the development of new data governance structures in the digital food economy. We therefore call for social scientists interested in food, consumption and the digital economy to contribute to a new research agenda for studying everyday food digitalization by empirically examining how ethical consumption apps implicate ethical consumers’ work.
LES and ILES Simulations of Free-Jets
Authors: Kuan Tzuo Wei It , Szmelter Joanna , Cocetta Francesco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA systematic numerical study was performed to investigate the influence of subgrid-scale (SGS) treatments on the simulation of turbulent free-jets. Large eddy simulations (LES) of such flows were performed to assess the accuracy of two SGS approaches: the detached eddy simulation and the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The Non-oscillatory Forward in Time-Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (NFT-MPDATA) numerical scheme was employed to integrate the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows. MPDATA due to its self-regularisation property is used to implicitly provide SGS effects. Two options of implicit LES (ILES) are investigated: ILES-NS, which solves the Navier–Stokes equations without an explicit SGS model, and ILES-EU that solves the Euler equations where viscous terms are absent. The performance of each approach was evaluated focusing on key global characteristics of jets, self-similar properties, and energy spectra. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons showed that all simulations were in good agreement with laboratory experiments, prior numerical studies, and each other, thus confirming the validity of the numerical approach and suitability of ILES for this class of flows. Additionally, energy spectra analysis revealed that ILES can reproduce the $$-5/3$$

-
5
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3

and $$-7$$

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gradients that signify the universal inertia subrange and dissipation range for turbulent free-jets.
Exploring Factors Affecting Patient–Provider Interactions and Healthcare Engagement Among a Diverse Sample of Women Who Have Sex with Women in New York City
Authors: Rahman Musarrat , Fikslin Rachel A. , Matthews Eugene , Vazquez Sanchez Maria A. , Ahn Geunsaeng Olivia , Kobrak Paul H. , Lovinger Elizabeth S. , Golub Sarit A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWomen who have sex with women (WSW) have lower rates of engagement in health care and preventive screenings than women who have sex exclusively with men. Existing literature provides limited insight into how intersecting and overlapping identities, such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, and identities related to gender expression, may shape individuals’ experiences within health care. We conducted qualitative interviews in New York City with 30 people who identified as women, reported sex with people who identify as women, were age 18–65, and were diverse in race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation and gender identity. The semi-structured questionnaire asked participants about positive and negative healthcare experiences to elicit what could encourage or prevent seeking care, with a focus on provider-related factors. Factors that led to positive healthcare experiences included having a provider who was knowledgeable about LGBTQ experience and health and who affirmed their sexuality, gender identity, and other intersecting identities. Factors that contributed to negative healthcare experiences included poor interactions with providers, and providers’ perceived heteronormativity and lack of awareness of WSW healthcare needs. WSW of different races, ethnicities, sexual orientations, and gender identities seek validating healthcare experiences that acknowledge and affirm their identities. We present a visual summary of the main thematic factors that contributed to positive and negative WSW healthcare experiences. Increasing access to care requires training providers on how to engage WSW patients, including WSW of diverse race/ethnicity and gender identity and expression.
Improving insect conservation management through insect monitoring and stakeholder involvement
Authors: Köthe Sebastian , Schneider Florian D. , Bakanov Nikita , Brühl Carsten A. , Eichler Lisa , Fickel Thomas , Gemeinholzer Birgit , Hörren Thomas , Lux Alexandra , Meinel Gotthard , Schäffler Livia , Scherber Christoph , Sorg Martin , Swenson Stephanie J. , Terlau Wiltrud , Turck Angela , Zizka Vera M. A. , Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Mühlethaler Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the decline of insect biodiversity and the imminent loss of provided ecosystem functions and services has received public attention and raised the demand for political action. The complex, multi-causal contributors to insect decline require a broad interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach that addresses ecological and social aspects to find sustainable solutions. The project Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA) assesses insect communities in 21 nature reserves in Germany, and considers interactions with plant diversity, pesticide exposure, spatial and climatic factors. The nature reserves border on agricultural land, to investigate impacts on insect diversity. Part of the project is to obtain scientific data from Malaise traps and their surroundings, while another part involves relevant stakeholders to identify opportunities and obstacles to insect diversity conservation. Our results indicate a positive association between insect richness and biomass. Insect richness was negatively related to the number of stationary pesticides (soil and vegetation), pesticides measured in ethanol, the amount of area in agricultural production, and precipitation. Our qualitative survey along with stakeholder interviews show that there is general support for insect conservation, while at the same time the stakeholders expressed the need for more information and data on insect biodiversity, as well as flexible policy options. We conclude that conservation management for insects in protected areas should consider a wider landscape. Local targets of conservation management will have to integrate different stakeholder perspectives. Scientifically informed stakeholder dialogues can mediate conflicts of interests, knowledge, and values to develop mutual conservation scenarios.
New Perspectives for Evaluating the Mass Transport in Porous Catalysts and Unfolding Macro- and Microkinetics
Authors: Wild Stefan , Mahr Christoph , Rosenauer Andreas , Risse Thomas , Vasenkov Sergey , Bäumer Marcus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article we shed light on newly emerging perspectives to characterize and understand the interplay of diffusive mass transport and surface catalytic processes in pores of gas phase metal catalysts. As a case study, nanoporous gold, as an interesting example exhibiting a well-defined pore structure and a high activity for total and partial oxidation reactions is considered. PFG NMR (pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance) measurements allowed here for a quantitative evaluation of gas diffusivities within the material. STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) tomography furthermore provided additional insight into the structural details of the pore system, helping to judge which of its features are most decisive for slowing down mass transport. Based on the quantitative knowledge about the diffusion coefficients inside a porous catalyst, it becomes possible to disentangle mass transport contributions form the measured reaction kinetics and to determine the kinetic rate constant of the underlying catalytic surface reaction. In addition, predictions can be made for an improved effectiveness of the catalyst, i.e., optimized conversion rates. This approach will be discussed at the example of low-temperature CO oxidation, efficiently catalysed by npAu at 30 °C. The case study shall reveal that novel porous materials exhibiting well-defined micro- and mesoscopic features and sufficient catalytic activity, in combination with modern techniques to evaluate diffusive transport, offer interesting new opportunities for an integral understanding of catalytic processes.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of active learning versus traditional lecturing on the learning achievement of college students in humanities and social sciences: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kozanitis Anastassis , Nenciovici Lucian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA previous meta-analysis found that active learning has a positive impact on learning achievements for college students in STEM fields of study. However, no similar meta-analyses have been conducted in the humanities and social sciences. Because major dissimilarities may exist between different fields or domain of knowledge, there can be issues with transferring research findings or knowledge across fields. We therefore meta-analyzed 104 studies that used assessment scores to compare the learning achieved by college students in humanities and social science programs under active instruction versus traditional lecturing. Student performance on assessment scores was found to be higher by 0.489 standard deviations under active instruction (Z = 6.521, p < 0.001, k = 111, N = 15,896). The relative beneficial effect of active instruction was found to be higher for some course subject matters (i.e., Sociology, Psychology, Language, Education, and Economics), for smaller (≤ 20 students) rather than larger class or group sizes, and for upper level rather than introductory courses. Analyses further suggest that these findings are not affected by publication bias.
Quantifying Edge Sharpness on Stone Flakes: Comparing Mechanical and Micro-Geometric Definitions Across Multiple Raw Materials from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)
Authors: Key Alastair , Bartkowiak Tomasz , Macdonald Danielle A. , Mietlinski Patryk , Gapinski Bartosz , de la Torre Ignacio , Stemp W. James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In line with engineering research focusing on metal tools, techniques to record the attribute of ‘edge sharpness’ on stone tools can include both mechanical and micro-geometric approaches. Mechanically-defined sharpness techniques used in lithic studies are now well established and align with engineering research. The single micro-geometrically-defined technique—tip curvature—is novel relative to approaches used elsewhere, and has not explicitly been tested for its ability to describe the attribute of sharpness. Here, using experimental flakes produced on basalt, chert, and quartzite sourced at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), we investigate the relationship between tip curvature and the force and work required to initiate a cut. We do this using controlled cutting tests and analysis of high-resolution microCT scans. Results indicate cutting force and work to display significant dependent relationships with tip curvature, suggesting the latter to be an appropriate metric to record the sharpness of lithic tools. Differences in relationship strength were observed dependent on the measurement scales and edge distances used. Tip curvature is also demonstrated to distinguish between the sharpness of different raw materials. Our data also indicate the predictive relationship between tip curvature and cutting force/work to be one of the strongest yet identified between a stone tool morphological attribute and its cutting performance. Together, this study demonstrates tip curvature to be an appropriate attribute for describing the sharpness of a stone tool’s working edge in diverse raw material scenarios, and that it can be highly predictive of a stone tool’s functional performance.