bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine pouch product awareness, interest and ever use among US adults who smoke, 2021
Authors: Hrywna Mary , Gonsalves Nishi J , Delnevo Cristine D , Wackowski Olivia A 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTobacco-free nicotine pouches are one of the fastest growing tobacco product categories in the US market. However, data on awareness, appeal or ever use of these products in the USA are limited.MethodsWe surveyed a population-based sample of US adults who smoked (n=1018) between January and February 2021 about awareness, ever use of or interest in nicotine pouches. Multivariable logistic regression models explored the relationship between nicotine pouch variables and demographic and tobacco use characteristics.ResultsIn early 2021, 29.2% of adults who smoked had ever seen or heard of nicotine pouches, 5.6% had ever tried pouches and 16.8% reported interest in using pouches in the next 6 months. Adults who smoked aged 18–44 years and those who had ever used smokeless tobacco (SLT) were more likely to be aware of nicotine pouches. Interest in using nicotine pouches was more prevalent among adult smokers who planned to quit within 6 months, attempted to quit before using counselling or another tobacco product and had ever used pouches. Among adults who smoked, those with more education had lower odds of ever using nicotine pouches while those who had attempted to quit before using traditional methods or ever used SLT had higher odds of ever use.ConclusionLevels of awareness, appeal and trial of nicotine pouches among US adults who smoke were modest, with variation by age, education, quit plans and quit attempt methods. Continued surveillance is warranted, including among naïve users and users of other tobacco and nicotine products.
Effect of sod-seeding bloat-free legumes on pasture productivity, steer performance, and production economics
Authors: Kelln B.M. , Penner G.B. , Acharya S.N. , McAllister T.A. , Larson K. , McKinnon J.J. , Biligetu B. , Lardner H.A. 
Published: February 2022

A 5 yr experiment evaluated the effects of sod-seeding sainfoin and cicer milkvetch into monoculture grass (Lanigan, SK) or legume (Lethbridge, AB) stands on pasture productivity, steer performance, and economics. At Lanigan, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year P = 0.01) from 13% in year 1 to 2% in year 2 (% plant population) and did not differ thereafter, whereas cicer milkvetch maintained a proportion of 16% in the stand. Forage yield was greater (treatment × year; P < 0.01) in year 1 in the sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared with control. Dry matter intake of steers was greater only in year 5 and average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared with control. At Lethbridge, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year; P = 0.01) from 46% to 17% (% dry matter yield), whereas cicer milkvetch maintained its proportion at 11%. Forage yield increased (treatment × year; P < 0.01) only in years 2 and 3 of sainfoin, compared with cicer milkvetch or control. Average daily gain gain was not affected by treatment. At Lanigan, sainfoin and cicer milkvetch generated greater gross returns compared with control; however, once establishment costs were applied, there were no differences in the present value of net returns.
Pelleted manure compost improves mine spoil properties enhancing plant growth and phyto-stabilization of potentially toxic metals
Authors: Indraratne Srimathie P. , Pierzynski Gary M. , Baker Lucas R. , Prasad P.V. Vara , Pitumpe Arachchige Pavithra S. 
Published: February 2022

Feedlot manure is rich in plant nutrients and can immobilize potentially toxic metals. However, pelleted manure compost as an amendment material in mine spoils (chat) is not well studied. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of pelleted cattle manure on improving chat properties facilitating phyto-stabilization and the establishment of grasses. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with unamended and amended chat (lime treated) with pelleted manure at three rates (60, 120, and 180 Mg ha−1) with and without bentonite (B), using two native grasses, switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) and wheatgrass ( Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve). Leachates from pots were collected periodically until harvest. Nutrients and metal concentrations were measured in chat treatments, and metal concentrations were measured in plant tissues and leachates. Manure-amended chat reduced leachate Cd and Zn on average by >75% and >80%, respectively. Above-ground dry matter yield increased by >2.5-fold and >4-fold, respectively, in switchgrass and wheatgrass with the increase of 3-fold manure rate. The manure rate at 180 Mg ha−1 reduced plant Cd and Zn by 50% and 20%, respectively, in wheatgrass, and 30% and no reduction, respectively, in switchgrass, compared to the 60 Mg ha−1 manure rate. Overall, pelleted manure compost significantly increased available nutrients and decreased available metals in amended chat, with no significant effect of B. This study indicated that pelleted manure, preferably at 180 Mg ha−1 rate with lime, can be used in acidic metal-contaminated chat to facilitate the establishment of perennial native grasses and reduce the potentially toxic metal availability.
Global portraits of nonminimal inflation
Authors: Järv Laur , Toporensky Alexey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe reconsider the dynamical systems approach to analyze inflationary universe in the Jordan frame models of scalar field nonminimally coupled to curvature. The adopted set of variables allows us to clearly distinguish between different asymptotic states in the phase space, including the kinetic and inflationary regimes. Inflation is realized as a heteroclinic trajectory originating either at infinity from a nonhyperbolic asymptotic de Sitter point or from a regular saddle de Sitter point. We also present a comprehensive picture of possible initial conditions leading to sufficient inflationary expansion and show their extent on the phase diagrams. In addition we comment on the slow roll conditions applicable in the Jordan frame and show how they approximate the leading inflationary “attractor solution”. As particular examples we portrait quadratic and quartic potential models and note that increasing the nonminimal coupling diminishes the range of good initial conditions in the quadratic case, but enlarges is in the quartic case.
Dynamic self-organization of migrating cells under constraints by spatial confinement and epithelial integrity
Authors: Hiraiwa Tetsuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Understanding how migrating cells can establish both dynamic structures and coherent dynamics may provide mechanistic insights to study how living systems acquire complex structures and functions. Recent studies revealed that intercellular contact communication plays a crucial role for establishing cellular dynamic self-organization (DSO) and provided a theoretical model of DSO for migrating solitary cells in a free space. However, to apply those understanding to situations in living organisms, we need to know the role of cell–cell communication for tissue dynamics under spatial confinements and epithelial integrity. Here, we expand the previous numerical studies on DSO to migrating cells subjected spatial confinement and/or epithelial integrity. An epithelial monolayer is simulated by combining the model of cellular DSO and the cellular vertex model in two dimensions for apical integrity. Under confinement to a small space, theoretical models of both solitary and epithelial cells exhibit characteristic coherent dynamics, including apparent swirling. We also find that such coherent dynamics can allow the cells to overcome the strong constraint due to spatial confinement and epithelial integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrate how epithelial cell clusters behave without spatial confinement and find various cluster dynamics, including spinning, migration and elongation.

Graphical abstract
Presupernova strongly screening electron capture of iron group nuclei
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Hao Liang-Huan , Liu Dong-Mei 
Published: February 2022

The influence of strong electron screening (SES) on electron capture (EC) plays a key role in supernovae explosions. We investigate the influence of SES on EC of iron group nuclei by the linear response theory model (LRTM) and the plasma sphere theory model (PSTM). The corrections of the Q-value, the electron chemical potential, electron energy, the Coulomb wave correction factor, and nuclear blinding energy by SES are considered. The screening rates even decrease by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by PSTM and LRTM, respectively. We compare our screening results with those of Fuller et al. (FFN), Aufderheide et al. (AUFD), Nabi et al. (NKK), and Martinez-Pinedo et al. (MLD). Our screening rates can be lowered about by [Formula: see text], 2, and 1 orders of magnitude than those of AUFD (FFN), NKK, and MLD, respectively.
Microbial Contamination and Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Processed Baobab Products in Kenya
Authors: James Margaret , Owino Willis , Imathiu Samuel 
Published: February 2022

Baobab fruit demand has been on the rise in the recent past, and in an attempt to match the demand, farmers and middlemen are forced to harvest immature fruits which are not fully dried. To ensure an acceptable moisture content, baobab fruits are subjected to solar drying, which is a slow process and often carried out in open and unhygienic conditions raising safety concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial and aflatoxin contamination levels in ready-to-eat baobab products from selected formal and informal processors in specific counties of Kenya. Selected processed baobab products were sampled randomly from formal and informal processors and analyzed for the total aerobic count, Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and molds, ergosterol, aflatoxins, moisture, and water activity. The moisture and water activity of baobab pulp and candies from formal processors ranged between 7.73% and 15.06% and 0.532 and 0.740 compared to those from informal processors which ranged from 10.50% to 23.47% and 0.532 to 0.751, respectively. In this study, baobab pulp from formal processors had significantly (

p
=
0.0008

, 0.0006) lower Enterobacteriaceae and yeast and molds loads (

0.7
±
0.29

and

3.1
±
0.38

log 10 CFU/g, respectively) than pulp from informal processors (

3.1
±
0.70

and

5.3
±
0.11

log 10 CFU/g, respectively). Similarly, the Enterobacteriaceae counts of candies from formal processors (nondetectable) were considerably lower (

p
=
0.015

) than those from informal processors (

1.8
±
0.56

log 10 CFU/g). The ergosterol content in these baobab product samples ranged between 0.46 and 1.92 mg/100 g while the aflatoxin content ranged between 3.93 and

11.09
×
103

μ
g
/
kg

, respectively. Fungal and aflatoxin contamination was detected in 25% and 5% of pulp from formal and informal processors, respectively, and in 5% of candies from informal processors. Microbial contamination in processed baobab products shows an unhygienic processing environment while the fungal and aflatoxin contamination may indicate poor postharvest handling, transport, and storage conditions of baobab fruits along the baobab value chain.
Text mining approaches for analyzing an Indonesian tafseer and translation of the holy Quran
Authors: Ayu Media Anugerah , Irawan Edi , Mantoro Teddy 
Published: February 2022

<span lang="EN-US">The Indonesian tafseer and translation of Holy Quran is an important source of information and knowledge for Indonesian muslims, since not many Indonesian muslims understand Arabic language in the Quran. However, the tafseer is full of the commentaries and explanation of each surah (chapter) and/or ayah (verse), which form a large document and not so easy to be accessed. Thus, the challenge is how to refer to both tafseer and translation in faster and accurate ways as one needs to always refer to them back and forth. Hence, this study proposes several text mining approaches, i.e. most frequent words, K-means clustering, and association rules, to analyze an Indonesian tafseer and translation of Quran and provide insights of hidden knowledge and relationships based on statistical information derived from it. These insights could be useful for muslims in general and for people that doing research in related areas. This study shows interesting results from combined analysis of the approaches used which can help people accessing information in tafseer more efficiently. As well, interesting relationships have been drawn from terms in the tafseer which could provide further and deeper knowledge on messages in the Quran.</span>
Nationwide Analysis of Persistent Type II Endoleak and Late Outcomes of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Japan: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Seike Yoshimasa , Matsuda Hitoshi , Shimizu Hideyuki , Ishimaru Shin , Hoshina Katsuyuki , Michihata Nobuaki , Yasunaga Hideo , Komori Kimihiro ,   on behalf of the Japanese Committee for Stentgraft Management (JACSM)*
Published: February 2022

Background:
We reviewed the results of endovascular aneurysm repair in patients from the Japanese Committee for Stentgraft Management registry to determine the significance of persistent type II endoleak (p-T2EL) and the risk of late adverse events, including aneurysm sac enlargement.

Methods:
The prospectively captured medical records of 17 099 patients <75 years of age who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups (with or without p-T2EL) and compared to examine the correlation between p-T2EL and the occurrence of aneurysm sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Results:

Of the patients, 4957 (29.0%) had p-T2EL and 12 142 (71.0%) had no p-T2EL (non-T2EL). Mean age was significantly higher (
P
<0.001), and there were fewer men (
P
<0.001) in the p-T2EL group. Among comorbidities, hypertension (
P
=0.019) and chronic kidney disease (
P
=0.040) were more prevalent and respiratory disorders were less prevalent (
P
<0.001) in the p-T2EL group. From each group, 4957 patients were matched according to propensity score to adjust for differences in patient characteristics. The cumulative incidence rates of abdominal aortic aneurysm–related mortality (p-T2EL: 52 of 4957 [1.0%] versus non-T2EL: 21 of 12 142 [0.2%]), rupture (p-T2EL: 38 of 4957 [0.8%] versus non-T2EL: 13 of 12 142 [0.1%]), sac enlargement (≥5 mm; p-T2EL: 1359 of 4957 [27.4%] versus non-T2EL: 332 of 12 142 [2.7%]), and reintervention (p-T2EL: 739 of 4957 [14.9%] versus non-T2EL: 91 of 12 142 [0.7%]) were significantly higher in the p-T2EL than the nonpT2EL group (
P
<0.001). Propensity score matching yielded higher estimated incremental risk, including abdominal aortic aneurysm–related mortality, rupture, sac enlargement (≥5 mm), and reintervention for p-T2EL (
P
<0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed older age (
P
=0.010), proximal neck diameter (
P
=0.003), and chronic kidney disease (
P
<0.001) as independent positive predictors and male sex as an independent negative predictor (
P
=0.015) of sac enlargement.

Conclusions:
The Japanese Committee for Stentgraft Management registry data show a correlation between p-T2EL and late adverse events, including aneurysm sac enlargement, reintervention, rupture, and abdominal aortic aneurysm–related mortality after endovascular aneurysm repair. Besides p-T2EL, older age, female sex, chronic kidney disease, and dilated proximal neck were associated with sac enlargement.
Altered large-scale brain network interactions associated with HIV infection and error processing
Authors: Flannery Jessica S. , Riedel Michael C. , Hill-Bowen Lauren D. , Poudel Ranjita , Bottenhorn Katherine L. , Salo Taylor , Laird Angela R. , Gonzalez Raul , Sutherland Matthew T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Altered activity within and between large-scale brain networks has been implicated across various neuropsychiatric conditions. However, patterns of network dysregulation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and further impacted by cannabis (CB) use, remain to be delineated. We examined the impact of HIV and CB on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain networks and associations with error awareness and error-related network responsivity. Participants (N = 106), stratified into four groups (HIV+/CB+, HIV+/CB−, HIV−/CB+, HIV−/CB−), underwent fMRI scanning while completing a resting-state scan and a modified Go/NoGo paradigm assessing brain responsivity to errors and explicit error awareness. We examined separate and interactive effects of HIV and CB on resource allocation indexes (RAIs), a measure quantifying rsFC strength between the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN). We observed reduced RAIs among HIV+ (vs. HIV−) participants, which was driven by increased SN-DMN rsFC. No group differences were detected for SN-CEN rsFC. Increased SN-DMN rsFC correlated with diminished error awareness, but not with error-related network responsivity. These outcomes highlight altered network interactions among participants with HIV and suggest such rsFC dysregulation may persist during task performance, reflecting an inability to disengage irrelevant mental operations, ultimately hindering error processing.
Constraining functional coactivation with a cluster-based structural connectivity network
Authors: Kang Inhan , Galdo Matthew , Turner Brandon M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article, we propose a two-step pipeline to explore task-dependent functional coactivations of brain clusters with constraints from the structural connectivity network. In the first step, the pipeline employs a nonparametric Bayesian clustering method that can estimate the optimal number of clusters, cluster assignments of brain regions of interest (ROIs), and the strength of within- and between-cluster connections without any prior knowledge. In the second step, a factor analysis model is applied to functional data with factors defined as the obtained structural clusters and the factor structure informed by the structural network. The coactivations of ROIs and their clusters can be studied by correlations between factors, which can largely differ by ongoing cognitive task. We provide a simulation study to validate that the pipeline can recover the underlying structural and functional network. We also apply the proposed pipeline to empirical data to explore the structural network of ROIs obtained by the Gordon parcellation and study their functional coactivations across eight cognitive tasks and a resting-state condition.
Diasporas as Actors in Urban Diplomacy
Authors: Alejo Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Cities are becoming critical in governing global challenges, and urban policies are not seen as purely local realities. From critical diplomatic studies, this essay states that the notion of urban diplomacy has the possibility to distinguish itself by avoiding being a mere imitation of state/traditional diplomacy, and it allows an analytical path to identify a more inclusive perspective to involve resident foreigners in the design and implementation of a city’s foreign policy. This essay discusses the role of global human mobility in urban diplomacy and the foreign policy of cities from a deterritorialised perspective. The essay argues that diaspora organisations are relevant actors in designing and implementing cities’ foreign policy as part of inclusive urban diplomacy through their trans-local dynamics. Following a qualitative approach, the essay’s empirical bases are four socio-political experiences that show how Mexico City’s diaspora feeds trans-locally the everyday relationship between Mexico City and Chicago.
Politics, the Press, and the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa
Authors: Miller Stephen M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines the British Government’s decision to establish the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa and how the Edwardian press presented its findings to the public. It will discuss how the Conservative media attempted to downplay the significance of the report and how the Liberal and Radical presses attempted to use it to raise questions about the Government’s ability to manage crises and, by linking the failures of military planning to new Conservative economic and education policies, challenge the competency of the Colonial Secretary and powerful Unionist leader, Joseph Chamberlain. Finally, it will show how the press, regardless of political leaning, remained supportive of the military leadership which conducted the war effort despite it playing a significant role in the faulty planning and operational failures of 1899.
From Damascus Gate to Shaikh Jarrah: The Palestinian Sovereignty Protests in East Jerusalem
Authors: Nasasra Mansour 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The May 2021 Palestinian demonstrations in Shaikh Jarrah and Damascus Gate in occupied East Jerusalem and elsewhere in Arab towns inside Israel mark a dramatic shift in Israeli Palestinian conflict. These events in al Quds (Jerusalem) are directly linked to the Israeli policy of expelling more Palestinians from the borderland zone. In effect, such policy is used to control the most important geo-political space– the Shaikh Jarrah neighbourhood. In so doing, it imposes sovereignty over the Damascus Gate and its steps. The ongoing Israeli policy of imposing full control over the Shaikh Jarrah neighbourhood would mean challenging the historical role of diplomatic missions, international consulates and organizations, which represent many countries in the region. Based on ongoing research and interviews in East Jerusalem, this special essay argues that the Shaikh Jarrah protests are another manifestation of the ongoing struggle over control and sovereignty in the Old City and occupied East Jerusalem. It shows how the Shaikh Jarrah demonstrations display a unique picture of the conflict over borderland and geopolitics in al Quds.
Response of East Asian Summer Precipitation to Intermediate SST Anomalies while El Niño Decays and Dependence on Type of Events
Authors: Wen Na , Li Laurent , Hao Yongsheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Impacts of El Niño on the following summer East Asian precipitation are dependent on its peak-time characteristics. Three types are identified and denoted as eastern Pacific (EP), mixed-type Pacific (MP), and central Pacific (CP) El Niño. For EP, excessive rainfall occurs in the Yangtze River valley, in relation to an anomalous anticyclone over the western tropical Pacific. For MP, a dipolar precipitation with anomalous wet conditions in northern China and dry conditions in east-central China is mainly due to an anomalous cyclone over Northeast Asia and a weak anticyclone over the Sea of Japan. For the case of CP El Niño, wetness along the Yangtze–Huaihe River valley and dryness in Southeast China are ascribed to an anomalous cyclone in Northeast China and a strong anticyclone over the western tropical Pacific. It is also revealed that the precipitation anomalies are fundamentally caused by different intermediate sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from other basins while El Niño decays in the following summer. In the case of EP El Niño, the joint action from warm SST in the tropical Indian Ocean, the Niño-1.2 region, and the North Atlantic is responsible for the delayed effect of El Niño. For MP, the main delayed effect comes from warm SST in the northeast subtropical Pacific, developing La Niña, and cold SST in the southern tropical Atlantic. Finally, CP El Niño exerts its delayed influence through warm SST in the northern tropical Atlantic.