bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scotch Pine, Control of A Pine Needle Scale, Kirtland, Ohio, 1976
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Balderston C. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An abandoned Christmas tree plantation containing 9m Scotch pine heavily infested with C. heterophyllae was selected for insecticide evaluation. Each treatment was applied to runoff (ca. 2 gal finished spray/tree) to I tree using a Myers Baronet wheelbarrow hydraulic sprayer July 23 when ambient temperature was ca. 25° C. Most scales were in the settled first nymph stage at this time. Pole pruners were used to collect foliage samples from each of 4 sites on each sprayed tree Jul 29 and Aug 12. Samples were transported from the field to the laboratory in plastic bags held in an ice chest. Treatment effectiveness was determined by examining infested foliage with the aid of a binocular scope for the presence of living and dead scales. The first 100 new scales observed were included in the counts.
Scots Pine,

S

.

PINETI

CONTROL, WASHINGTON, 1976
Authors: Barstow D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied May 14 to heavily infested 5 ft tall trees located in PuyalTup, Washington. Each treatment consisted of four single-tree replications selected at random. There were two granular and three spray treatments. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a hand pumped compressed air sprayer, granular applications were lightly raked i n . Effectiveness of the test materials was evaluated on May 20 and June 1. A simple, arbitrary rating system was used where 0 = no aphids present, 1 = only a few aphids seen, and 2 = many aphids seen.
Mealybug Control on Yews, 1976
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A chemical control experiment was set up on an extensive planting of Taxuswardii at the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity adjacent to the Purdue University campus. At the time of application the adults were beginning to move from overwintering twigs out onto the new growth. The experiment was replicated three times. The sprays were applied with a B&G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 p.s.i . The systemic dimethoate was applied as a granule into a ring cultivated around the dripline of the shrubs and watered into the soil and then the soil replaced. Six in twig samples were taken, placed in paper sacks and returned to the laboratory for counting under a binocular microscope. Samples were taken at the time of treatment, two, seven, fourteen, twenty-one, thirty and sixty days post-treatment. Only the latter two counts were statistically significant.
Bluegrass Seed Fields,

CHIONODES

PSILOPTERA

AND

PROTAGROTIS

OBSCURA

CONTROL, 1976
Authors: Oetting Ronald 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 4 year old nonirrigated adelphi bluegrass field with Green Bluff silt loam soil near Spokane, Washington. Four replications were applied on l/100th acre treatment areas in randomized blocks. Application was made with a hand sprayer at 25 psi and 50 gal/acre for sprays and a cyclone type hand spreader for granules. Insects were sampled by removing 6 soil cores, 4 in . diam. and depth from a 5 sq ft central representative area within each treatment for both pre-and posttreatment sampling. Insecticides were applied on Apr 9'76. Seed yield was taken by harvesting mature panicles within a 26 in . swath the length of each treatment area on Jul 13'76.
Bluegrass Seed Fields, Cutworm Control, 1976
Authors: Oetting Ronald , Thorne John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was an irrigated Kentucky Bluegrass seed field with Garrison gravely loam soil near Post Falls, Indiana. Two plots were established in the portion of the field showing greatest cutworm damage. In area A 6 replications and in area B 4 replications were established in randomized blocks. The treatment areas were 300 sq ft and application was made with a hand sprayer at 25 psi and 50 gal/acre for sprays and a cyclone type hand spreader for granules. Insecticides were applied on Apr 8'76. Insects were sampled by removing two 1 1/2 sq ft pieces of sod (1 1/2 in deep) in each treatment with a sod cutter for both pre- and post treatment sampling. Seed yields were taken by harvesting mature panicles within a 26 in swath the length of each treatment area on Jul 17'76. Following post harvest burning of residue, fertilization, and irrigation, plot regrowth was observed Nov 7'76. The amount of regrowth was rated on a scale of 0 to 9, with 0 = no stand and 9 = very good stand.
German Cockroach Control, 1976
Authors: Karner Miles , Price Richard G. , Bogel David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this laboratory test was to evaluate two chemicals using a modified B & G Sprayer, Model 104-5, mounted on a motorized track powered by a zero max 0-400 electric motor. A Spraying Systems Multi-Teejet fan nozzle 800067 was attached to a nozzle stand and was transported by the motorized track. The nozzle (6” above the surface being treated) delivered 5.5 oz of finished spray per minute at 20 psi and an application speed of 2.5 ft per second. This was approximately 20 mg/sq ft of active ingredient for the formulations. Plywood panels 4” × 6” x 3/4” were sprayed on both sides using the motorized spray unit. After spraying, the treated panels were allowed to dry for 24 hours, then placed in individual battery jars 6” × 8” at intervals of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Ten adult German cockroaches from a normal laboratory strain were placed in each jar at the specified time following treatment. A vaseline and mineral oil solution was spread along the edge of the jars to prevent the cockroaches from escaping. Cockroach mortality was recorded after a 24 hour period. Each treatment was replicated 4 times.
Red Imported Fire Ant Control with Conventional Insecticides, 1975, 1976
Authors: Hillmann R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, and Onslow counties, North Carolina. Insecticides were applied in April, May, June, Sept, and Oct'75 and May, June, and Sept' 76 to fire ant mounds utilizing a randomized block design. In preliminary studies, individual mounds and a surrounding 6 ft radius from the mound center (ca 100 ft2) were spot treated with a WP or EC formulation following label instructions and using 1-3 gal of the diluted formulation. In later experiments, only a 2 ft radius (ca 12.5 ft2) was treated and all pesticides were applied in I gal of water/mound with no control reduction. Dusts and granules were applied topically and then similarly watered in. Fumigants were injected to tfie mound center as deeply as the injector could be pushed easily. In early studies, Wasp-Freeze , packaged in 14-oz pressurized cans, was applied to the mound surface. Later it was injected centrally through 1/8 in OD plastic tubing, facilitating deeper penetration of the mound. Before treatments were applied, mound activity was evaluated, and plots were accurately mapped, including location of inactive mounds. Mound activity was evaluated 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment by removing a small mound portion with a hand trowel. In 1976, broadcast applications of diazinon and Dursban , two promising chemicals in the 1975 spot treatment evaluations, were applied uniformly to 10-mound plots. Dursban EC and diazinon granules were watered in with 100 gal/A at 40 psi. Diazinon EC was similarly applied, however it was watered in at a rate of 1,000 gal/A following label instructions.
Ulv Aerial Applications of Naled For Control of A Complex of Livestock Insects on Platte River Pastures in Nebraska, 1975-76
Authors: Campbell J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aerial applications of naled at various ULV rates were made over tree and shrub lined banks of the Platte River. Both times of season and volume of material applied were altered in an effort to obtain the most benefit in terms of application after most of the tabanids and mosquitoes had emerged and the best rate of application on river bank vegetation. Flights were made at temperatures above 80°F and when wind velocity was&gt;10 MPH and at a 40 ft altitude. Insect counts were made with the use of bionculars and were made on one side of an animal only. Species identification was determined by net sweeping tame animals. Aedesvexans comprised 99% of the daytime mosquito population and the tabanid Tabanuslineola population was comprised of 91%, Chyrsopsdiscolis 5% and T.atratus 4%.
Sheep Ked Control with Pour-On Insecticides, 1976
Authors: Lloyd John E. , Pfadt Robert E. , Olson Eric J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three pouron insecticides were applied to 6 farm flocks of sheep for sheep ked control. Each flock was treated once between June 9 and June 24, after all ewes had been shorn. Each animal in the flock was weighed prior to treatment. Sheep ked population densities were determined in the treated and 1 untreated flocks by making whole body counts of adult keds on 5 lambs and 5 ewes immediately preceding and 6 wk following treatment.
Apple, Mite Suppression, 1976
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Kova C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the seasonal cover spray program at the U. W. Horticulture orchard, Arlington, Wl, dilute sprays were applied to apple trees in plots of 10 trees each. Sprays were delivered at 200 psi from a 100 gal Bean sprayer using a no. 2 gunjet (2 gpm). Insecticides were applied at petal fall (June 4) and covers (June 10, 26; July 13, 24; August 11, 24). Sumithion was omitted in the third cover (July 13). At North Leeds, Wl, acaricide treatments were applied to Red Delicious trees in single tree plots mid-July and early August. Dilute spray was delivered to trees at 150 psi (2 gpm) by hand gun until run off using a 15 gal Bean sprayer.
Apple, Leafroller Control, 1976
Authors: Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments applied as full-season dilute sprays in a block of 12 year-old trees (MM 106) were evaluated for leafroller control and monitored for any change in mite populations. Single-tree plots were replicated using 2 Staymans, 1 Winesap, and 1 York. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean high pressure sprayer (35 gal/min pump) operating at 540 psi on the following dates: 18 June (all plots); 30 June (plots 1-11); 2 July (plots 12-14); 20 July (all plots); 10 Aug (all plots); 31 Aug (all plots except Shell SD 43775). Cover sprays (rate/100 gal/acre) for ail trees included: 25 Mar, Dikar 6.0 lb + Systox 10.0 oz (both sides); 1 Apr, Dikar 6.0 lb (both sides); 16, 21 Apr, Dikar 6.0 lb (one side); 29 Apr, Guthion 1.5 lb + Systox 10.0 oz + Dikar 6.0 lb (one side); 6 May, Guthion 1.5 lb + Systox 10.0 oz + Dikar 6.0 lb (both sides); 18, 26 May, Guthion 1.5 lb + Dikar 6.0 lb (one side); 1, 10 June, Guthion 1.5 lb + Phosphamidon 6.0 oz + Dikar 6.0 lb (one side); 2 July, Polyrom 6.0 lb (one side); 26 July, Phaltan 5.0 lb (both sides); 11 Aug, Captan 5.0 + Karathane 1.0 lb (both sides). Mean temperatures were average for June (72.9°F) and below average for May (62.3°F), July (74.3°F), Aug (71.7°F), and Sep (66.8°F). Rainfall in inches was below normal in May (3.6) and above normal for June (6.8), July (5.2), Aug (5.4), and Sep (3.9). Mite counts were made by examining 80 leaves (20 leaves/tree) on 13 July and 13 Aug. Leafroll counts were made by examining each tree for 15 minutes on 19-20 Aug. Each treatment was evaluated by examining 200 apples (50 per tree) on 22, 25 Oct.
Apple, Leafroller Control Using Thuricide Hpc, 1976
Authors: Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments to control leafrollers, using Thuricide HPC, were applied on 2 and 16 July with a Hardie 525 airblast sprayer to 5 Rome tree* (12 year-old, MM 106) and each group was replicated twice. The amount of -pray mixture per acre was varied but the rates of the materials remained the same (Thuricide HPC 3.0 qt (12 BIU) per acre; Fundal SP 3.0 oz per acre; Guthion 50W 1.5 lb per acre). Cover sprays (rate/100 gal/acre) for all trees included: Dikar 6.0 lb, 1, 16, 21 April (one side); Guthion 1.5 lb + Dikar 6.0 lb + Systox 10.0 oz 29 April, 6 May (both sides); Guthion 1.5 lb + Dikar 6.0 lb, 18, 16 May (both sides); Guthion 1.5 lb + Phosphamidon 6.0 oz + Dikar 6.0 lb, 1, 10 June (one side); Guthion 1.5 lb + Dikar 6.0 lb, 21 June (both sides); Polyram 6.0 lb, 2 July (one side); Phaltan 5.0 lb, 26 July (both sides); Guthion 1.5 lb, 4 August (both sides); Captan 5.0 lb + Karathane 1.0 lb, 11 August (both sides). Mean temperatures were average for June (72.9°F) and below average for May (62.3°F), July (74.3°F), August (71.7°F), and Sep (66.8°F). Rainfall in inches was below normal in May (3.6) and above normal for June (6.8), July (5.2), Aug (5.4), and Sep (3.9). Leafroll counts were mode by examining each tree for 15 minutes on 27 and 30 Aug. Harvest appraisal dates were 18-21 Oct. Each treatment was evaluated by examining 500 apples (50 per tree).
Control of Grape Berry Moth in Pennsylvania, 1976
Authors: Jubb, Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of grape berry moth in 1976 on grapes near North East, PA. Plots consisted of 6 vines in a row replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Guard plants of 3 vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Sprays were applied using an Ortho Spray-Ette Queen Size garden sprayer. This was operated off a high pressure hose on a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off, resulting in 200 gallons of solution being applied per acre. In sampling, 50 clusters were selected at random per plot, half from each side of the row. The number of injured clusters was recorded. Percentages of injured clusters were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test. Three fungicide applications (June, July, and August) were applied to all experimental areas: Folpet 50WP 2 lb ai/acre.
Leafhopper Control on Grapes in Pennsylvania, 1976
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for control of a leafhopper in 1976 on grapes near North East, PA. Plots consisted of 6 vines in a row replicated 3 times in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Guard plants of 3 vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Sprays were applied using an Ortho Spray-Ette Queen Size garden sprayer. This was operated off a high pressure hose on a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off, resulting in 200 gallons of solution being applied per acre. Spray application date was July 2. In sampling, 25 leafhopper damaged leaves were examined at random per plot. Counts were made of nymphs and adults. Average numbers of leafhoppers per 10 leaves were transformed toVx + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test. Two fungicide applications (July 13 and August 16) were applied to the entire experimental area: Folpet 50WP 2 lb ai per acre.
Gas Propelled Aerosols and Micronized Dusts Against Caribbean Fruit Flies in Simulated Aircraft Tests 1971 - 1973
Authors: Windeguth, D. L. Von , Burditt A. K. , Steiner L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1971, 1972, and 1973 aircraft disinsection tests were made against the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) in Miami, FL. This screening program was made to select promising insecticides for use on international aircraft flights to control the spread of fruit flies into or out of the United States. In 1971 and 1972 free flying insects were used (ca. 800 insects released/test). In 1973 flies were encaged in openended, screened pint ice cream cartons (4 cages with ca. 200 flies/cage). The 4 cages were attached to walls at various locations within test space. Semi trailers of 2000 to 2500 ft"* capacities were used to simulate aircraft volumes in 1971-72; in 1973, tests were done in empty rooms in an abandoned military barrack building. Test insects were laboratory reared, 1 to 2 week-old fruit flies. Insecticides were formulated as aerosols or dusts. Aerosols were applied from conventional aerosol spray cans; dusts were "shot" from a cartridge by a CO2 or compressed air charge. Insects were removed from the treated area at 30 minutes after insecticide release (10 minutes in the closed test space plus 20 minutes with 1 door opened for ventilation of treated space). Knock Down (KD) was recorded at 30 minutes and fly mortality at 24 hours posttreatment. In residue tests, the flies were exposed to the toxicant for a period of 1 hr, five hours after toxicant application. Knock down at 0.5 hr and 24 hr post exposure mortalities were determined. All tests were performed at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. Average daily temperature was 25°C.
Citrus, Control of Large D. Abbreviatus Larvae, Apopka, Fl, 1975
Authors: Collins H. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen compounds were screened for efficacy in the control of late instar larvae of D. abbreviatus (L.). Three laboratory-reared larvae were introduced into 6" plastic pots containing a soil mixture of 1:1 peat-sand and an established citrus seedling (Citrus sp.), which served as a host plant in each pot. Fiberglass mesh was used to cover the lower half of each pot to prevent escape. Treatments were applied by submerging each container to cover the top of the container by ca 3 cm. Each container remained in the dip for at least 10 minutes or until percolation ceased. Those containers not receiving a chemical treatment (controls) were dipped in tap water to simulate the dipping procedure. The larvae were recovered after 14 days by removing the soil and all live larvae were placed back on laboratory diet.
Insect Control in Sweet Peppers, Delaware, 1976
Authors: Burbutis Paul P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants were set out on May 24 in Staytonville (Sussex Co.) DE. Treatments were replicated 3 times in 3-row, 40 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a 2-gal., CO2 sprayer at 26 psi pressure in 1 gal water (= 38 gal water/acre). Granular materials were applied by hand with a small shaker placing the granules in a furrow ca. 2 inches deep and 5 inches from the plant. Ripe (= red) pepper fruit was sampled for "worm" infestations on August 25, September 13 and 23 from the middle rows of the plots. Green peach aphid populations were recorded weekly from leaves sampled at random from the middle rows of each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Systemic Insecticides Applied To The Soil, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 ft rows, on March 4, 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three 30 ft long rows with 2 untreated rows adjacent to each treatment plot. Various methods of treatment were employed and are designated as follows: Furrow - All treatments except UC 21865 75WP applied with a Gandy 901-2 Granular Applicator directly in the furrow in contact with the seed-pieces, UC 21865 75WP applied in 100 gallons of water/acre to seed-pieces in opened furrow by means of a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack sprayer; Band - Granulars dropped directly in fertilizer band 4-5 inches each side of row with Gandy 901-2 Applicator; 12 inch band - Granulars distributed in 12 inch band over row with Gandy, rototilled and then planted; Folioge - UC 21865 foliage sprays applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Treatments were made April 27, May 20, 27, June 7, 14 and 23, 1976. In evaluating the various treatments the number of potato hills with severe early feeding injury, direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings were all utilized. The several categories for tfie foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look very close to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of chewing but less than 10% of the leaves severely damaged; 3) Severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) Severe feeding on 50% of foliage; 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely injured, plants nearly defoliated; and Def - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken July 7.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and European Corn Borer on Irish Potato, 1976
Authors: Kouskolekas Costas A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seed pieces were planted on March 2. Prior to planting, the field was treated with Mocap at 6 lb ai/acre. During early growth, the plants were sprayed with the fungicide Difolatan 4F (using 1.5 quarts/acre) on May 3, 10, and 17. A randomized complete block design, with 4 reps per treatment, was used. Plot size was 1/200 acres (3 44-inch rows, each 20 ft long) with the plots separated by 5 ft alleys. Experimental sprays were applied using hand sprayers delivering 50 gal/acre. Treatments were made on May 20 and 27, June 4 and 10. Final observations were made on June 17. Potatoes were harvested on June 23 and yield data were taken from the middle rows. Midway through the test period, most Colorado potato beetle larvae went into pupation; as a result, some of the early differences among treatments disappeared. Infestations were not uniform throughout the field. Two replications remained practically uninfested by the European corn borer.
MYZUS PERSICAE

CONTROL, 1976
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seed pieces were planted 4 inches apart in marl soil on Nov 18, 1975. The plots were single rows, 15 ft long, planted on 3 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied by hand Feb 10 with a CO2 charged 2½ gal sprayer with a single nozzle. Counts were made 1 and 6 days post-application by randomly selecting 10 bottom leaves per plot and counting the number of live apterous aphids. Means were separated with Duncan's multiple range test.
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes, 1971
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shell DD at 10 gallons per acre was applied in row for nematodes on May 10, 1971. Sweet potatoes 'Jewel' were planted on June 1 near Bentonville, NC. Preplant treatments were applied on May 26. Foliar treatments were applied on June 7, 21, and 28. The lay-by treatment was applied on July 16 when roots were enlarging. Nonreplicated plots consisted of 5 rows 450 ft long (1/7 acre). Soil was classified as a Norfolk sandy loam with adequate soil moisture. Granular insecticides were applied broadcast preplant and over the row with a hand-cranked cyclone seeder. Foliar sprays were applied with a compressed hand sprayer at the rate of 20 gallons per acre at 40 psi. Wireworm damage was evaluated by scoring 100 roots selected at random from center rows on October 29. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage; 1 = up to 5 holes; 2 = 6 to 10 holes; and 3 = 1 1 or more holes/sweet potato. When this damage was averaged, a “damage index” was obtained. “Percent damage control” was arrived at by the following formula: for treated sweet potatoes let A = the damage index and B = the % treated sweet potatoes damaged; for untreated (check) sweet potatoes let X = the damage index and Y = the % sweet potatoes damaged; then 100 - (AB/XY × 100) = percent damage control, a factor which reflects the effectiveness of the insecticide by comparing wireworm damage to potatoes from treated plots with potatoes from untreated plots.