bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of material budget imaging for the design of the ATLAS ITk strip detector
Authors: Arling J.-H. , Gregor I.-M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The technique of material budget imaging (MBI) allows to experimentally assess the material budget ϵ = x/X
0 of a material with thickness x and its radiation length X
0. Here, multi-GeV electrons from a test beam facility such as the DESY-II test beam are used. This novel technique exploits the fact that the beam particles are deflected by multiple Coulomb scattering following a distribution of the deflection angle with a center at zero and a width depending on the traversed material. By reconstructing the individual kink angles from the measured particle trajectories in a high resolution beam telescope, the material budget can be extracted by applying appropriate models of multiple scattering theory, such as the Highland formula.
On the one hand, various materials with known material budgets were measured to calibrate the MBI technique and study also different systematic effects such as the beam telescope’s acceptance and the variation of the beam energy. On the other hand, a number of material samples planned in the design of the local support structures of the new ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) strip detector were investigated to extract the according radiation length values not known beforehand.
This paper shows therefore the potential of the MBI technique to give an input for the design of high-energy particle detectors by providing experimentally measured numbers of the radiation length for various material compounds with not a-priori known X
0 values.
Critical Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Digital Image Correlation Technique
Authors: Masthan Reddy V.V. , Vidhyalakshmi S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Digital Image Correlation technique (DIC) is a non-contact optical method for rapid structural health monitoring of critical infrastructure. DIC is used to extract Moment (M) – Curvature (κ) relationships using random speckle patterns. The random speckle pattern is evaluated for 2D DIC measurements and shows an improved correlation with conventional measurements. Characteristics of random speckle patterns are quantified and their applicability to DIC is explored. The ultimate moment-curvature values computed from the random speckled pattern are found to be in good agreement with conventional measurements.
Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multi storey Buildings with RCC columns and CFST columns by Varying Heights
Authors: Swarna Chadalavada , Reddy Suda V B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As there is an increase in population day by day, there is more requirement for land. But the availability of land on Earth’s surface is 29 % which should be used for various purposes and hence, there would be difficulty in providing accommodation to all the citizens. There comes the idea of vertical development of the structures i.e., multi-story structures. Usage of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) for high rise structures with large spans would be very complex as it requires high grade concrete and steel and hence becomes risky. In that case, the composite structures give effective results due to the co-action of materials. Providing Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns will reduce the requirement of formwork and will increase the functional area as the steel tube acts both as longitudinal as well as transverse reinforcement which gives mere resistance to tensile stresses. In this thesis, Multi Storied Structures of G+10, G + 20 and G + 30 were taken and variation was considered in the columns, the rest of the structural elements have been taken of RCC only. The seismic analysis of the structures has been carried out for both the type of structures for each height by using Response Spectrum analysis in Zone II following the guidelines of IS 1893:2016 code using ETABS software. The comparison of the structures has been shown in terms of earthquake response parameters such as story drift, story displacement, story shear etc. It has been concluded that structures with CFST columns have shown better seismic performance with increasing height compared to RCC structures.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Aluminium Powder in Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Reddy Sripathi Sai Jagan Mohan , Mallikarjuna Rao G , Oggu Praveen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The fibers are well described by a combination of stiffness, strength, and temperature resistance. A lightweight polymer material with great strength, resistance to corrosion, and crack arresting properties is polypropylene fiber. The structure is lighter than ordinary concrete because of the reaction between the aluminium powder and the calcium hydroxide in the cement matrix, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. It is used to make concrete more durable and strong. Due to its reduced particle size distribution, they scatter among and separate the cement particles, changing the cement paste’s structure such that it contains more C-S-H and less Ca(OH)2. In this study, final mix proportions to attain M30 & M60 grades are computed and effects of adding polypropylene fibers varying from 0.5 to 2.0 percent are studied. 1.5 percent gave the better results dependent on mechanical properties of the concrete. A variable percent of aluminium powder is then substituted for the fiber optimization percent (1.5 percent) dependent on mechanical properties of the concrete. Slump test, compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength tests are used to evaluate the quality and 1.0 percent gave the better results dependent on the tests. The mixture that develops a practical, cost-effective, and strength criteria is sorted out and examined for durability by conducting sorptivity and acid attack tests. It is concluded that the addition of polypropylene fibers improved the strength of concrete relatively and the addition of aluminium powder improved the durability of the concrete.
Study on Compressive Strength of Reinforced and Cavity Wall Brickwork
Authors: Thenmozhi R , Saranya K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The research of the mechanical behaviour of reinforced and cavity wall brickwork is the focus of this paper. In this paper, the casting of specimens are done manually and totally 18 specimens are prepared. The different proportions were followed for casting the bricks and specimens. The bricks used are red bricks, fly ash bricks and solid bricks. Conventional method of casting is done using mortar and casting of reinforced brick prism is done with red bricks, fly ash bricks and solid bricks. The cavity wall is constructed and finally the compressive strength is estimated for the reinforced and cavity wall brickworks. The obtained compressive strength for various bricks is plotted in the form of graph to interpret the exact results and comparison is drawn for all types of bricks used.
Optimising partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregates with medical PP plastic and HIPS plastic waste to develop lightweight concrete
Authors: Khaudiyal S , Gour M A , Garg N , Das S K , Kumar S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change, land scarcity, overexploitation of natural resources, generation of vast amount of trash, and the difficulty to dispose off that trash in an effective and safe manner are just some of the issues that modern society is now dealing with. Inevitably, as the need for new construction rises, so does the demand for the materials needed to make new buildings. Incorporating waste components into the concrete will alleviate some of the pressure placed on the virgin building materials and will also contribute to the removal of a sizeable amount of garbage from the surface of the earth. This study has been undertaken to highlight and showcase the utilization of plastic wastes as an aggregate replacement. The study aims to develop a lightweight concrete using plastic wastes. Here, natural coarse aggregates have been replaced by black polypropylene (PP) plastic and natural fine aggregates are replaced with high-strength polystyrene commonly known as HIPS plastic. The literature suggested an optimum replacement percentage of 40% against natural coarse. For a constant workability, a combination of 40% coarse replacement along with 10% fine aggregate replacement was found to be optimum with comparable mechanical properties as compared to conventional concrete. With the inclusion of plastic aggregates into the concrete, a significant weight reduction was observed. When 40% coarse aggregate and 10% fine aggregates were replacement with PP plastic and HIPS plastic, respectively, a weight reduction of 21.17% was observed.
An Experimental Study on Coir Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Dolomite Powder as Partial Replacement of cement
Authors: Prafulla K , Nagaraju Avari 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Incorporation of fibers definitely advantages blended concrete to take care of micro structural cracks and improving the early strength of concrete. However, fibers made from industrial by-products (synthetic) had some disadvantages like cost, causing health disorders and increasing the density of the concrete. In contrast to synthetic fibers, natural fibers may address the above mentioned problems without compromising the strength. In recent times, more research is emphasizing on sustainable concrete, replacing the conventional materials with industrial by-product. In this connection, cement is giving lot of environmental problems. Hence, Researchers has investigating alternate materials as secondary supplementary cementitious materials. In this present research work, behavior of ternary blended coir fiber reinforced concrete (M40 grade) was studied. In this study, Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag (GGBS) replaced the cement by 10%, 20% and 30% of the weight of cement. Along with this, Dolomite power also replaced the cement by 10%, 20%, 30% of the weight of cement. Further, coir fiber of percentages 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% of weight of concrete, was added to concrete. Mechanical properties were determined after 7 and 28 days of curing. The strength of concrete was increased by addition of fibers up to 0.5% of weight of concrete. The optimum percentage was achieved at 20% of GGBS and 10% of Dolomite Powder.
Experimental investigation on tobacco waste ash for sustainable development
Authors: Rao Nerusu Venkata Srinivasa , Babu Padavala Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya , Sai Krishna G , Loya Ganesh Babu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The enormous use of cement in construction leads to an effect on the environment. For 1 ton of cement production, nearly 1 ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. The production of Portland cement reached about 90 million tons globally in 2021(U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). To reduce the content of cement, various supplementary cementitious materials were used. Amongst supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), the usage of agro-waste ash appears as an exciting solution. Tobacco waste ash is one material that is suitable to replace with cement. Nearly per year, 1723.87 tons of tobacco waste were produced. In this investigation, tobacco waste ash is partially replaced by 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mechanical and durability properties include compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) were tested and compared with OPC concrete. It is concluded that mix containing 10% TWA exhibited higher strengths than compared to OPC concrete.
Evaluating the feasibility of blending fly ash and quarry dust in high-strength concrete to develop a sustainable concrete: A Study on the Mechanical and Durability Properties
Authors: Teja Prathipati S.R.R. , Paluri Yeswanth , Vijay Kunamineni , Bhavita Chowdary V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for the mechanical properties of construction materials, High Strength Concrete (HSC) has been increasingly popular in recent decades. The raw materials utilized in the production of it consume energy and negatively affect the environment. There is a pressing need to protect the environment and conserve natural resources which are being affected by both cement manufacturing and aggregate production. In this research work, the mechanical properties of HSC blended with industrial wastes were assessed to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating industrial wastes into high-strength concrete. An attempt has been made to partially replace cement and fine aggregate in the concrete with fly ash and quarry dust, respectively, at different percentages. The workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the concrete, along with durability properties such as water absorption, porosity, density, acid strength loss, and acid mass loss, were investigated and reported. From the results, it can be inferred that utilizing fly ash and quarry dust up to 30% each into the high strength concrete has proved beneficial in terms of mechanical performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that replacing cement and aggregate with industrial wastes such as fly ash and quarry dust up to 30% into the HSC can be a sustainable alternative to the conventional HSC.
Wastewater Surveillance for Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kilaru Pruthvi , Hill Dustin , Anderson Kathryn , Collins Mary B , Green Hyatt , Kmush Brittany L , Larsen David A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method has been used for several decades to track other infectious diseases, there has not been a comprehensive review outlining all of the pathogens that have been surveilled through wastewater. Herein we identify the infectious diseases that have been previously studied via wastewater surveillance prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious diseases and pathogens were identified in 100 studies of wastewater surveillance across 38 countries, as were themes of how wastewater surveillance and other measures of disease transmission were linked. Twenty-five separate pathogen families were identified in the included studies, with the majority of studies examining pathogens from the family Picornaviridae, including polio and nonpolio enteroviruses. Most studies of wastewater surveillance did not link what was found in the wastewater to other measures of disease transmission. Among those studies that did, the value reported varied by study. Wastewater surveillance should be considered as a potential public health tool for many infectious diseases. Wastewater surveillance studies can be improved by incorporating other measures of disease transmission at the population-level including disease incidence and hospitalizations.
OC-035 TEST METHODS FOR SURGICAL MESHES - AN INDUSTRY POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Weis C , Lecuivre J , Batke B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aim
No standardized test methods currently exist for the characterization of the synthetic surgical meshes used in hernia repair and soft tissue reinforcement.
While each mesh manufacturer developed their own test methods for comparative analysis, these were never harmonized across industry. A subgroup of the European Association of the Surgical Suture Industry (EASSI) was constituted, the Standardization of Surgical Meshes Working Group (SSM WG) with the objective to reach alignment of surgical meshes test methods.

Materials & Methods
The SSM WG agreed on the test methods that should be defined to provide a thorough in-vitro-characterization and comparison of surgical meshes.
After several interlaboratory iterations, the group established common test protocols which may be performed by people with limited textile background.
Extensive inter-laboratory test method verifications were then performed by conducting tests with different specimens by all manufacturers in a consistent manner.

Results
Common protocols were defined for the following test methods: Linear Tensile Test (Strength and elongation), Burst Test (Strength and displacement), Suture Pull-Out Test (Strength), Pore Size Measurement (Porosity and pore dimensions).
4 meshes were tested by each of the 4 involved manufacturers to assess the protocols validity. Despite methods harmonization, differences could be observed between laboratories.

Conclusion
The SSM WG recommends following the test protocols described and to maximize the sample size. Due to high sensitivity of specimen and difference in equipment used, only results of tests performed by a single testing center using identical testing features for all tested meshes should be compared.
Assigning species information to corresponding genes by a sequence labeling framework
Authors: Luo Ling , Wei Chih-Hsuan , Lai Po-Ting , Chen Qingyu , Islamaj Rezarta , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe automatic assignment of species information to the corresponding genes in a research article is a critically important step in the gene normalization task, whereby a gene mention is normalized and linked to a database record or an identifier by a text-mining algorithm. Existing methods typically rely on heuristic rules based on gene and species co-occurrence in the article, but their accuracy is suboptimal. We therefore developed a high-performance method, using a novel deep learning-based framework, to identify whether there is a relation between a gene and a species. Instead of the traditional binary classification framework in which all possible pairs of genes and species in the same article are evaluated, we treat the problem as a sequence labeling task such that only a fraction of the pairs needs to be considered. Our benchmarking results show that our approach obtains significantly higher performance compared to that of the rule-based baseline method for the species assignment task (from 65.8–81.3% in accuracy). The source code and data for species assignment are freely available.Database URL https://github.com/ncbi/SpeciesAssignment
Work–life interference and physician-certified sick leave: a prospective study of a general working population
Authors: Marti Andrea R , Degerud Eirik , Sterud Tom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Work–life interference has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Here, we quantify the association between work–life interference and subsequent sick leave.

Methods
Respondents from a randomly drawn cohort of the general working Norwegian population were interviewed in 2009, 2013 and/or 2016. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess prospective associations of self-reported work–life interference and risk of subsequent physician-certified sick leave of 1–16 days (low-level) and &gt;16 days (high-level) in strata of men and women. To quantify the importance of work–life interference as risk factors for sick leave, we estimated the population attributable risk (PAR).

Results
Both low- and high-level sick leave were most prevalent among women while the prevalence of work–life interference was similar between sexes. Risk of sick leave was higher among women reporting work–life interference sometimes or often in comparison with seldom or never {low- and high-level sick leave odds ratio (OR) = 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.37] and 1.30 (95% CI = 1.14–1.49), respectively}. The associations for high-level sick leave progressively increased with the level of work–life interference [highest OR = 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19–1.75)]. In men, there was no consistent higher risk of sick leave according to more frequent work–life interference [low- and high-level sick leave OR = 1.00 (95% CI = 0.87–1.14) and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.84–1.16), respectively], but the risk of high-level sick leave tended to be higher among men reporting work–life interference often (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.98–1.50). Estimating PAR, 6.69% (95% CI = 1.52–11.74) of low-level and 9.94% (95% CI = 4.22–15.45) of high-level sick leave could be attributed to work–life interference among women.

Conclusions
Self-reported work–life interference was associated with a higher risk of sick leave, with the most consistent results among women.
Network regression analysis for binary and ordinal categorical phenotypes in transcriptome-wide association studies
Authors: Zhang Liye , Ju Tao , Jin Xiuyuan , Ji Jiadong , Han Jiayi , Zhou Xiang , Yuan Zhongshang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies aim to integrate genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait loci mapping studies for exploring the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying diseases. Existing transcriptome-wide association study methods primarily focus on 1 gene at a time. However, complex diseases are seldom resulted from the abnormality of a single gene, but from the biological network involving multiple genes. In addition, binary or ordinal categorical phenotypes are commonly encountered in biomedicine. We develop a proportional odds logistic model for network regression in transcriptome-wide association study, Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study, to detect the association between a network and binary or ordinal categorical phenotype. Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study relies on 2-stage transcriptome-wide association study framework. It first adopts the distribution-robust nonparametric Dirichlet process regression model in expression quantitative trait loci study to obtain the SNP effect estimate on each gene within the network. Then, Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study uses pointwise mutual information to represent the general relationship among the network nodes of predicted gene expression in genome-wide association study, followed by the association analysis with all nodes and edges involved in proportional odds logistic model. A key feature of Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study is its ability to simultaneously identify the disease-related network nodes or edges. With extensive realistic simulations including those under various between-node correlation patterns, we show Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study can provide calibrated type I error control and yield higher power than other existing methods. We finally apply Proportional Odds LOgistic model for NEtwork regression in Transcriptome-wide association study to analyze bipolar and major depression status and blood pressure from UK Biobank to illustrate its benefits in real data analysis.
Clinician adherence to pharmacogenomics prescribing recommendations in clinical decision support alerts
Authors: Nguyen Jenny Q , Crews Kristine R , Moore Ben T , Kornegay Nancy M , Baker Donald K , Hasan Murad , Campbell Patrick K , Dean Shannon M , Relling Mary V , Hoffman James M , Haidar Cyrine E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thoughtful integration of interruptive clinical decision support (CDS) alerts within the electronic health record is essential to guide clinicians on the application of pharmacogenomic results at point of care. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital implemented a preemptive pharmacogenomic testing program in 2011 in a multidisciplinary effort involving extensive education to clinicians about pharmacogenomic implications. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinicians’ adherence to 4783 pharmacogenomically guided CDS alerts that triggered for 12 genes and 60 drugs. Clinicians adhered to the therapeutic recommendations provided in 4392 alerts (92%). In our population of pediatric patients with catastrophic illnesses, the most frequently presented gene/drug CDS alerts were TPMT/NUDT15 and thiopurines (n = 3850), CYP2D6 and ondansetron (n = 667), CYP2D6 and oxycodone (n = 99), G6PD and G6PD high-risk medications (n  = 51), and CYP2C19 and proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole and pantoprazole; n = 50). The high adherence rate was facilitated by our team approach to prescribing and our collaborative CDS design and delivery.