bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of anxiety level in patients under uterine fibroid treatment by myomectomy and uterine artery embolization (UAE) and its relationship with pain and duration of postoperative hospitalization in Ahvaz educational hospitals in 2018
Authors: Nazarinasab Masoumeh , Motamedfar Azim , Ahmadzadeh Azar , Seyedhoseini Mehrnaz 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women. Preoperative anxiety is due to concerns about the consequences of surgery and prevents recovery and high prevalence of postoperative pain and increases the length of stay in the hospital. In this study, we tried to investigate the level of anxiety in patients who are candidates for uterine artery embolization (UAE) and myomectomy surgery and its relationship with the length of hospitalization and postoperative pain.

Methods:
The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on candidates for uterine fibrinoid treatment referred to Ahvaz educational hospitals in 2018. A total of 41 candidates for uterine fibroid treatment were segmented into two groups of 24 candidates for myomectomy surgery and 17 for UAE treatment considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria after informed consent. Data were analyzed by SPSS VER 20 software using Mann–Whitney test, multiple regression, and Chi-square.

Results:
Myomectomy surgery group recorded more overt and covert anxiety, followed by a longer hospital stay and more postoperative pain (P < 0.05). The demographic criterion of age was significantly associated with overt and covert anxiety (P < 0.05). The level of education was significantly associated with overt anxiety (P < 0.05) and marital status and BMI were not significantly associated with overt and covert anxiety levels (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the study, overt and covert preoperative anxiety in women undergoing myomectomy surgery for symptomatic uterine fibroids is longer than in UAE treatment. And have more pain after surgery.
Determinants of socio-demographic and environmental barriers in prevention of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Atri Mansi , Srivastava Roomani , Oberoi Sukhvinder Singh , Chadha Minni , Rastogi Shweta , Maurya Neha , Tiwari Sharad 
Published: January 2022

Aim and Objectives:
This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with ESIC, who are insured patients with the public health sector about COVID-19.

Materials and Method:
This was a cross-sectional observational study that used a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the survey. The questionnaire was divided into five parts including the demographic variables and environmental variables that are enablers for positive preventive practices of COVID-19, knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices followed with respect to COVID-19.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 36.96 ± 13.05 (18–73) years with almost an equal proportion of males and females. The knowledge about measures to be taken for prevention of corona infection such as Balanced diet, Lockdown, Social distance, frequently wash hands often, using face mask and regularly cleaning with disinfectant surfaces was significantly better among females. Majority of the subjects displaying good attitude toward the corona disease prevention. Preventive practices were found to be satisfactory among the study population. Use of soap and handwashing was more than the use of sanitizer. Hand washing, use of mouth mask, and taking bath after returning home from outside was significantly better among males.

Conclusion:
There are increased worries and apprehensions among the public regarding acquiring the COVID-19 infection. People have higher perceived needs to deal with their anxiety towards acquiring the infection.
Sociodemographic factors and their association with menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in Urban slums of Dibrugarh town, Assam
Authors: Sonowal Pranjal , Talukdar Kaushik , Saikia Hiranya 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
For good physical and mental health in adolescent girls, menstrual hygiene practices play an important role. Adolescent girls are incredibly susceptible to various physical and mental issues during this period, and sociodemographic factors play a crucial function in menstrual hygiene practices; thus, it is very critical to preserve good menstrual hygiene practices.

Aim and Objectives:
1) to assess the knowledge and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls and 2) to assess the sociodemographic factors influencing knowledge and menstrual hygiene practices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in July–September 2019 among 150 adolescent girls. A predesigned, pretested questionnaire was used in the study. Descriptive statistics were applied in data analysis, and multivariate analysis was applied to find out the association.

Results:
Out of 150 adolescent girls, 78% belong to the Hindu religion and 76.7% are of nuclear family. In total, 28.7% mothers of adolescent girls are illiterate, and most of the adolescent girls (50%) belong to the 14–16-years age group; 38.7% adolescent girls belong to class V socioeconomic status. Multivariate analysis shows that Muslim religion has a significant association with knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene practices (OR: 2.846, P < 0.05) and sanitary disposal of absorbent by adolescent girls (OR: 2.528, P < 0.05). There is a significant association between joint family (type of family) and absorbent used by adolescent girls (OR: 0.253, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It is usually essential to enhance information and practices of good menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls so that they can lead a healthy productive life. Improvement of mothers’ knowledge is also a major area to be focused on.
The association between the knowledge on prostate cancer screening with the beliefs and behaviors of Saudi men attending King Khalid University Hospital
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman , Alojayri Raed , AlJehani Muaath , Almuhid Faisal , Alotaibi Omar , Alqahtani Mohammed , AlGhamdi Abdulaziz 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The evidence showed that prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common malignancy in men globally. Unfortunately, it rarely produces symptoms, and the diagnosis is delayed until the tumor is advanced.

Objectives:
To determine the participants’ uptake of prostate cancer screening (PCS). Also, to assess their perceptions regarding PCS. Furthermore, to evaluate the association between patients’ knowledge of PC and their beliefs and behaviors towards PCS.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited men aged older than 40attending the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) between October 2020 and March 2021. SMS messages were sent to a random sample of 228 participants, inviting them to participate in an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 1- demography and history of PCS; 2- the knowledge questionnaire about PC; 3-the Champion’s Health Belief Model (HBM).

Results:
Out of the 228 participants, 45.2% were men aged 60 years and above, 54.4% with college degrees and postgraduate studies, and 92.5% were married. The median knowledge score was 5, and the range was 12. Most men (72.4%) had a low knowledge score, and 79.4% of them did not have a previous PCS. Men aged 60 + were more likely to undergo the screening than their counterparts, with P values of 0.005. Higher knowledge scores were associated with the perceived benefits of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and health motivation, P values of 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.02, respectively. PSA and DRE[Single Right-Pointing Angle Quotation Mark]s perceived barriers were associated with low knowledge scores, P values of 0.0001 and 0.003, respectively. A higher probability of PCS participation was associated with the older age group, a P value of 0.001. Low participation was associated with perceived barriers of DRE, a P value of 0.031.

Conclusion:
The majority of the participants had poor knowledge regarding PC and PCS. Only a fifth of the men did PCS. High knowledge was associated with PSA and DRE perceived benefits and health motivation.
Cost effectiveness of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity related comorbidities
Authors: Dohayan Al-Dohayan Abdullah , Qamhiah Danah Farhan , Abukhalaf Abdulelah Adnan , Alomar Ali Abdullah , Almutairi Faris Jamal , Alsalame Nayef Mosleh , Alasbali Majed Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim:
Bariatric surgery has been reported to be an effective but expensive method for obesity management. This study aimed to determine the economic benefit for patients who underwent bariatric surgery.

Methodology:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent bariatric surgery and was on medications for obesity-related comorbidities at the Obesity Research Center in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data on the use and cost of medications before and after bariatric surgery were collected.

Results:
A total of 266 patients, 107 males (40.23%), and 159 Females (59.77%) with a mean age of 41.06 years were included in the study. There was a reduction in the mean number of medications used by patients before and 1-year post-op (before: 1.84, after: 0.52), with a significant reduction in the cost of medications (SAR5152.24 before, and SAR1695.36 after, 67% reduction, P < 0.001). Patients < 32 years old had the most reduction in medications cost (76.64% reduction). No significant difference in the cost reduction after surgery between genders (P = 0.971). There were significant reductions in numbers of out-patient clinic visits (2.26 ± 2.43 to 1.57 ± 1.42) and in-patient hospitalizations (0.31 ± 0.57 to 0.10 ± 0.36) after surgery (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
Bariatric surgery can be considered as a cost-effective treatment for patients with obesity-related comorbidities. A significant reduction has been found in post-operative medications cost, out-patient clinic visits and in-patient hospitalizations after bariatric surgery.
Effectiveness of health education on awareness of child sex abuse among school children
Authors: Mathew Maria , Iswarya Santhanakrishnan , Paul Arun Vijay 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and hidden problem in India. Despite being such a huge problem a culture of silence surrounds the subject of CSA. Empowering children to protect themselves and disclose the abuse is the only way to overcome the hidden problem of CSA. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education.

Methodology:
Health education through interactive power point discussion and video was imparted to 200 girls of class 6th to 12th in Government higher secondary school, Coimbatore. Baseline data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. A week after the base line assessment, health education was delivered in five sessions with forty students per session. Interactive session lasting for 60 minutes using power point and videos were used to educate children. Follow-up data was collected after two months using the same questionnaire.

Results:
Initially only 23% of girls were aware about child sex abuse, and then, after intervention witnessed significant improvement to 71.5%. Similarly only 19% of girls were aware of various types of child sex abuse prior to intervention, however significant number of girls became aware post intervention. There was significant improvement in proportion of children (94.5%) who agreed that they will report bad touch to someone they trust until that person believes them. Pre-intervention only 31% of children knew as to what to do if sexually abused, this percentage rose significantly after the intervention. There was a significant improvement in knowledge from 49% to 78% post intervention regarding laws to protect children from sexual offences. Almost 90% of children reported that they knew about the child help line number.

Conclusion:
In this study has proven that health education imparted to girls has improved their knowledge and empowered them to report the events and protect themselves from such incidents
Reliability of Repour of Varying Thickness Alginate Impression Following Extended Storage Time Intervals
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Porwal Amit , Alhazmi Ahlam , Alaki Buthina , Alnemi Mahasin 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Obtaining multiple casts from an impression is desirable for the completion of numerous procedures for a patient. Recent literature on newly introduced extended-pour alginates reveals promising results for delayed pouring. However, literature on multiple pouring of impressions and the effects of impression thickness and storage time is not available.

Subjects and Methods:
Conventional and extended-pour alginates of various thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm) were evaluated for linear dimensional changes in both the intra-abutment and inter-abutment distances. Casts were poured twice with the time difference between the pours being 45 min; the storage time, however, was varied (15 min, 1 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days). The intra-abutment and inter-abutment measurements were compared with those of the standard metal die.

Results:
Compared with that of the metal die, the casts poured with 6 mm thickness of the impression material showed better accuracy between the first and the second pours and also revealed smaller statistical differences. Further, Cavex performed better than Major and GC brands.

Conclusions:
The dimensional stability of different alginate materials vary with thickness, storage time, and multiple pouring in both conventional and extended-pour alginates. Shorter storage time and greater thickness of the impression material are preferred when the same impression has to be poured twice.

Clinical Significance:
Alginate impressions can be poured twice, if made in adequate thickness and stored for short storage time, to generate additional set of accurate casts that aid in documentation, diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Reliability of Multiple Pour between Two Classes of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Materials
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Abdullah AL-Makramani Bandar Mohammed , Al-Sanabani Fuad Ateik , Shaabi Fawzia Ibraheem 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy and dimensional stability of casts made from regular set alginate alternative (AA) and monophase additional silicone (MAS) impression materials following multiple pours.

Materials and Methods:
A hard typodont master cast with index holes was used. A total of 20 impressions were made using a modified perforated metal tray with 10 impressions of each material. Each impression was poured four times with type IV die stone with a total of 80 stone casts (40 for each material). The horizontal anterior–posterior (HAP), horizontal cross-arch (HCA), and vertical distances were measured in the recovered stone casts using a stereomicroscope with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results:
The dimensions on the typodont master cast and stone casts were significantly different (P < 0.001), except for the first pour from MAS (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of the stone casts made from the AA and MAS impression materials among the four pour groups (P < 0.001), with exception of MAS-based casts between first pour and second pour groups at HAP and HCA dimensions. Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant difference between the two impression materials at all measurement locations, with only one exception of HAP measurements for second-poured casts.

Conclusion:
A clinically acceptable casts can be made by pouring AA and MAS impressions twice. In addition, the third and fourth pours were accurate in the AA group when compared to MAS group.

Clinical Significance:
According the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to evaluate the predictability of re-pouring alginate alternative impression material and compare to a standard polyvinyl siloxane impression material such as monophase. Therefore, the statement of clinical significance in the abstract will help the dentists to realize the potential uses for alginate alternative impression material and recommendations of this study.
Assessing Sleep Hygiene among Saudi Community during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alamri Hasan Saeed 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The mental health of the general public is significantly affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to evaluate sleep hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general Saudi population.

Subjects and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to fulfil the study aim, and an electronic structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire, was used to assess sleep hygiene over a month, including the quality of sleep and sleep disturbances. A total of 1597 participants completed the survey, among which 871 (54.5%) were males. The age of participants ranged between 18 and 75 years.

Results:
The results showed that >30 min was required for 28.5% of the participants to fall asleep since last month. The sleep efficacy was <75% among 17.9% of the study participants, and 17.9% sleep for <7 h at night. The total PSQI score ranged from 0 to 20 points with a mean score of 5.8 ± 3.4. Nearly one out of each four participants had poor sleep quality, and about one out of each five participants had to take medication to fall asleep.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it is concluded that changes associated with lifestyle change COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown inversely affected public mental health and sleep hygiene.
Serum levels of soluble HLA-G correlate with disease activity in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Cansever Murat , Göktaş Mehmet Akif , Arslan Duran , Patiroğlu Türkan 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a member of the HLA family, is crucial for fetomaternal tolerance. Transmembrane or circulating/soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) is elevated in autoimmune conditions and the tumor microenvironment. Circulating sHLA-G levels and their association with disease activity have not yet been assessed in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to quantify the serum sHLA-G levels of pediatric patients with IBD and assess the association of serum sHLA-G with disease activity.

Methods:
We enrolled 24 pediatric IBD patients Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 12 each] and 24 healthy controls. Based on the disease activity index, five and seven of the CD patients had mild and moderate/severe disease, respectively, whereas six of the UC patients were in remission and six had mild disease. Serum was collected and sHLA-G levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
Pediatric patients with CD had significantly higher sHLA-G levels compared with patients with UC and healthy controls. Notably, serum sHLA-G levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe CD than in those with mild CD.

Conclusions:
Serum sHLA-G levels correlate with disease activity in pediatric patients with CD and are higher in CD patients than in UC patients. Thus, sHLA-G is a potential biomarker for disease activity in CD.
External Validation of 4C ISARIC Mortality Score in Critically ill COVID-19 Patients from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aletreby Waleed Tharwat , Mumtaz Shahzad Ahmad , Shahzad Saima Akhtar , Ahmed Intekhab , Alodat Mohammed Ali , Gharba Mohamed , Farea Zohdi Ahmed , Mady Ahmed Fouad , Mahmood Waqas , Mhawish Huda , Abdulmowla Majd Munia , Nasser Rehab Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Background:
ISARIC mortality score is a risk stratification tool that helps predict the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. However, this tool was developed and validated in a British population, and thus, the external validation of this tool in local populations is important.

Objectives:
External validation of the ISARIC mortality score in COVID-19 patients from a large Saudi Arabian intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:
This is a retrospective study that included all adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from March 2020 to June 2021. Patients who were pregnant or had pulmonary tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus were excluded along with patients with missing variables. Data were collected to calculate the ISARIC mortality score and then fitting receiver operator characteristic curve against patients’ outcome.

Results:
A total of 1493 critically ill COVID-19 patients were included. The mortality was 38%, the area under the curve of the score was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.83, P < 0.001) and the cutoff value correctly classified 72.7% of the cohort. The cutoff value of >9 had sensitivity of 70.5% (95% CI: 66.6–74.3); specificity, 73.97% (95% CI: 71–76.8); positive predictive value, 62.4% (95% CI: 59.5–65.2) and negative predictive value, 80.2% (95% CI: 78.2–82.4).

Conclusion:
The ISARIC score was found to have excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in our Saudi Arabian cohort. A cutoff score of >9 was the optimal criterion.
NGAL/MMP-9 as a Biomarker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gupta Rohit Kumar , Dholariya Sagar , Radadiya Madhuri , Agarwal Pragati 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed late due to lack of specific symptoms and efficient tumor markers. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metallopeptidase-9 (NGAL/MMP-9) complex are involved in the development and progression of various cancers and have potential as a biomarker for diagnosing ovarian cancer.

Objectives:
To compare the serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex levels in patients with EOC, benign ovarian tumor, and healthy controls, and determine the potential cut-off values of NGAL/MMP-9 complex for diagnosing EOC.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 50 patients each with EOC and benign ovarian tumor, along with 50 age-matched healthy controls (N = 150). The level of serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex was estimated based on sandwich ELISA. The mean and median of the three groups were compared, and the ROC curve was used to determine the optimum cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex levels in the diagnosis of EOC.

Results:
A significant difference was found in the median values of the NGAL/MMP-9 complex (malignant EOC: 67.5 ng/ml, benign ovarian tumor: 53.7 ng/ml, controls: 29.2 ng/ml; P < 0.01). NGAL/MMP-9 complex level was also significantly associated with the FIGO staging (Stages I and II: 42.9 ng/ml; Stages III and IV: 70.5 ng/ml; P < 0.003). At a 55.0 ng/ml cut-off value, the NGAL/MMP-9 complex had 82.0% sensitivity and 78.0% specificity in diagnosing EOC.

Conclusion:
The NGAL/MMP-9 complex may be a promising biomarker for determining the progression of EOC as well as in detecting advanced-stage ovarian cancer.