bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature and light conditions during the late growth stage on delayed stem senescence and cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate of soybean
Authors: Isobe Katsunori , Sasaki Ami , Fukuoka Shingo , Hasegawa Kohta , Suzuki Daisuke , Higo Masao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDelayed stem senescence (DSS) in soybean plants is defined as retarded leaf and stem maturity, even if pods mature normally. This phenomenon is a serious problem for the combine harvesting of soybean in Japan. Our previous research showed that DSS occurred more frequently in June sowing than in July sowing, and the plants sown in June were exposed to higher temperature and higher solar radiation intensity during reproductive growth stage as compared to those sown in July. We additionally observed higher levels of cytokinins, plant hormones with senescence inhibition activity, in xylem exudate after pod‐setting stage (R4) under the DSS‐induced condition. Thus, this study investigated the effects of the respective environmental factors, temperature and light intensity, after R4 on cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate and the occurrence of DSS. Pot experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Nihon University (Fujisawa‐city, Kanagawa, Japan). In temperature treatments, soybean plants grown in the field environment were moved to an air‐conditioned room at R4 stage, whereas control of light intensity was achieved by shading using cheese clothes under the field condition. The temperature control experiments revealed that high temperature after R4 promoted the DSS symptom, while low temperature after R4 inhibited the occurrence of DSS. On the other hand, decreased light intensity after R4 did not affect the severity of DSS. The cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate at R5 correlated with the severity of DSS in the temperature treatments, but the change in light intensity did not influence the cytokinin levels. These results indicated that high temperature after pod‐setting stage have a profound effect on the occurrence of DSS, and this effect is mediated by the increased cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate.
The genetic architecture of blood pressure variability: A genome‐wide association study of 9370 participants from UK Biobank
Authors: Jia Pingping , Zhan Na , Bat Baker K. K. , Feng Qi , Tsoi Kelvin K. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong‐term blood pressure variability (BPV) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and stroke. However, its genetic architecture is not fully understood. This study aims to explore its genetic factors and provide more evidence on the mechanisms and further pathological study of BPV. The genome‐wide association study (GWAS) is based on the UK Biobank cohort. There were four data collection rounds from 2006 to 2020, and 9370 participants with more than three blood pressure measurements were included. They had a median age of 55 and a male percentage of 50.1%. The phenotypes (BPV) were calculated by four methods and the genetic data contains 6 884 260 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after imputation and quality control. A linear regression model was performed with adjustments for sex, age, genotype array, and a significant principal component. Subgroup analysis was performed on hypertension‐free participants. The significant and suggestive significant P thresholds were set as 5 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−6. Six genetic loci (BAD, CCDC88B, GPR137, PLCB3, RPS6KA4 for systolic BPV, and WWC2 for diastolic BPV) were identified by coding region SNPs at the suggestive significant P threshold (1 × 10−6). Among them, gene CCDC88B and RPS6KA4 reached the significant P threshold (5 × 10−8), with the strongest signal of SNP rs1229536170 (P = 6.36 × 10−8, β = –.29). The annotation results indicate that genes CCDC88B, GPR137, RPS6KA4, and BAD are associated with long‐term SBPV. Their functions of inflammation, epithelial dysfunction, and apoptosis are related to artery stiffness, which was reported as potential mechanisms of BPV.
Smoking causes the disorder of glucose metabolism under different levels of blood pressure in male occupational population
Authors: Wang Dan , Qiang Deren , Xu Wenchao , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Jiali , Qin Yu , Zhang Yongqing , Liu Qizhan , Xiang Quanyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmoking is an important modifiable factor in the risk of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension overlap in the population. The present study investigated effects of smoking on glucose metabolism under different blood pressure (BP) levels in occupational population. A smoking survey among occupational groups was conducted in 2018. The general linear model was used to analyze the differences of glucose metabolism indexes and BP indexes influenced by different smoking intensity (never 0, mild <10, moderate <20, heavy ≥20 pack‐years). Odds ratios of developing diabetes and β‐cell deficiency were analyzed by using logistic regression model. BP was further taken into account in the relationship between smoking and glucose metabolism. As a result, 1730 male workers aged 21 to 60 years were included in the analysis finally. Compared to never smokers, heavy smokers had significantly increased fasting plasma glucose. Moderate and above smokers had significantly increased glycosylated hemoglobin, decreased fasting plasma insulin and β‐cell function, after adjustment for covariates. Further, smoking intensity was found to have a dose‐dependent relationship with impaired β‐cell function and diabetes. In conclusion, smoking has a positive dose‐dependent relationship with β‐cell deficiency and diabetes. Male smoking workers, especially the moderate or higher smoking, with high‐normal and high BP levels are at high risk of abnormal glucose metabolism.
Effects of daily full‐term infant skin‐to‐skin contact on behavior and cognition at age three – secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rheinheimer Nicole , Beijers Roseriet , Bruinhof Nina , Cooijmans Kelly H. M , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDaily skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) during early infancy fosters the long‐term development of children born preterm. This is the first randomized controlled trial assessing the potential beneficial effects of daily SSC on executive functioning and socio‐emotional behavior of children born full‐term. Whether children of mothers who experienced prenatal stress and anxiety benefitted more from SSC was also explored.MethodsPregnant women (N = 116) were randomly assigned to a SSC or care‐as‐usual (CAU) condition. Women in the SSC condition were instructed to perform one hour of SSC daily from birth until postnatal week five. Prenatal stress was measured with questionnaires on general and pregnancy‐specific stress and anxiety completed by the mothers in gestational week 37. At child age three, mothers filled in questionnaires on children's executive functioning, and externalizing and internalizing behavior. Analyses were performed in an intention‐to‐treat (ITT), per‐protocol, and dose–response approach. Netherlands Trial Register:NL5591.ResultsIn the ITT approach, fewer internalizing (95% CI = 0.11–1.00,U = 2148.50,r = .24,p = .001) and externalizing (95% CI = 0.04–2.62,t = 2.04,d = 0.38,p = .04) problems were reported in the SSC condition compared to the CAU condition. Multivariate analyses of variance did not show group differences on executive functioning. Additional analyses of covariance showed no moderations by maternal prenatal stress.ConclusionsCurrent findings indicate that early daily SSC in full‐term infants may foster children's behavioral development. Future replications, including behavioral observations of child behavior to complement maternal reports, are warranted.
Analysis of static electricity generation and elimination in the process of food powder screw feeding
Authors: Shen Changpu , Li Yongxiang , Wang Yi , Xu Xuemeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe static electricity in the powder can easily cause poor packaging accuracy, incomplete heat‐sealing of the packaging bag and certain safety hazards. Therefore, the electrostatic generation and elimination of wheat flour and wheat starch were studied in the process of powder screw feeding. Firstly, taking powder particle size, screw speed and conveying distance as influencing factors, the law of static electricity generation in the process of powder screw conveying is studied. Then, an adjustable DC power supply and an ion fan were used to apply voltage and ion wind during the powder screw feeding process to study the elimination of powder static electricity. The research results show that the electrostatic charge of wheat flour and wheat starch is positive. The greater the screw speed, the more severe the powder collision and friction, and the greater the increase in powder charge‐to‐mass ratio. The larger the conveying distance, the greater the increase in the powder‐to‐mass ratio, and when the conveying distance reaches 5200 mm, the experimental powder‐to‐mass ratio tends to be stable. The gain and loss of the charge of wheat starch with small particle size is obviously greater than that of wheat flour with large particle size. The ability and stability of adding ion wind at the outlet of the screw feeder to eliminate static electricity are obviously stronger than the ability and stability of adding voltage to eliminate static electricity.Practical applicationsThe static electricity generated in the process of screw conveying and feeding causes trouble to the packaging weighing, packaging sealing and safety production of powder. Therefore, this paper studies the electric characteristics of food powder in the process of screw transportation and the influence of various factors on the electrostatic generation law, and also through experiments to compare the two methods of electrostatic elimination. This study provides ideas and references for reducing the generation and elimination of static electricity in the process of screw transportation of food powder, so as to improve the packaging accuracy, packaging quality and reduce safety risks in actual industrial production.
Change in smoking status and its relation to the risk of gastroduodenal ulcer in Korean men
Authors: Park Sung Keun , Kim Min‐Ho , Jung Ju Young , Oh Chang‐Mo , Ha Eunhee , Yang Eun Hye , Lee Hyo Choon , Hwang Woo Yeon , You Ann Hee , Ryoo Jae‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSmoking is associated with the increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer. However, although smoking status can vary over time, most of studies have analyzed this association with smoking status at a single point of time. We analyzed the risk of gastroduodenal ulcer according to change in smoking status for more than 5 years.MethodsStudy participants were 43 380 Korean adults free of gastroduodenal ulcer who received health check‐up between 2002 and 2013. Through evaluating their smoking status (never, quitter, and current) at 2003–2004 and 2009, they were categorized them into seven groups (never‐never, never‐quitter, never‐current, quitter‐quitter, quitter‐current, current‐quitter, and current‐current) and monitored until 2013 to identify incident gastroduodenal ulcer. Cox‐proportional hazard model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident gastroduodenal ulcer according to changes in smoking status and smoking amount.ResultsCompared with never‐never group (reference), other groups had the significantly increased adjusted HRs and 95% CI for gastroduodenal ulcer. In particular, participants with current smoking (never‐current, quitter‐current, and current‐current) had the relatively higher HRs than other groups (never‐quitter: 1.200 [1.070–1.346], never‐current: 1.375 [1.156–1.636], quitter‐quitter: 1.149 [1.010–1.306], quitter‐current: 1.325 [1.058–1.660], current‐quitter: 1.344 [1.188–1.519], and current‐current: 1.379 [1.256–1.513]). Heavy smoker had the highest risk for gastroduodenal ulcer, followed by moderate and light smoker.ConclusionPeople who ever experienced smoking had increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer. Out of smoking status, current smoking is more associated with the increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer than past smoking.
Stroke damages attentional maintenance in working memory
Authors: Plancher Gaën , Naëgelé Bernadette , Guinet Victoria , Portrat Sophie , Colliot Pascale 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStroke is the main cause of acquired disability in adults, and specific deficits in working memory (WM) are among the most common cognitive consequences. In neuropsychological routine, WM is most of the time investigated in the framework of the multicomponent model (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974, The psychology of learning and motivation, 47). Using a more recent theoretical WM model, the time‐based resource‐sharing (TBRS) model (Barrouillet et al., 2011, Psychol. Rev., 118, 175), the aim of the present study was to investigate in young post‐stroke patients to which extent attentional maintenance is impaired in WM. To address this question, we discarded other factors known to directly influence WM performance, that is processing speed and short‐term memory span. We proposed to 53 post‐stroke patients and to 63 healthy controls a complex span paradigm in which participants were asked to alternate between the memorization of a series of images and a concurrent parity judgement task of a series of digits. To investigate the attentional maintenance processes, we manipulated the cognitive load (CL) of the concurrent task. CL effect is typically interpreted as the involvement of attentional maintenance processes. The task was adapted to each participant according to their processing speed and memory span. As expected, the results showed higher recall performance in healthy controls compared with post‐stroke patients. Consistent with the literature, we also observed higher performance when the CL was low compared with high. However, the improvement in recall at low CL was smaller for post‐stroke patients compared with controls, suggesting that post‐stroke WM deficit could be in part due to a deficit of the attentional maintenance processes.
Fatigue trajectory and its associated factors in patients after cardiac surgery: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chou Hsiu‐Ling , Yang Ting‐Hui , Lin Hsuan‐Hua , Hsu Hung‐Lung , Chiou Ai‐Fu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is associated with multidimensional factors in heart failure patients. Investigating longitudinal changes in fatigue and its association in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is needed to create interventions for improving fatigue during recovery.AimsThis study examined the trajectory of fatigue and its associated factors over time in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsThis longitudinal study enrolled 125 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in northern Taiwan. Patients completed questionnaires before surgery, at discharge, and at 1, 3 and 6 months post‐discharge. Fatigue was measured using the General Fatigue Scale. Generalised estimating equation models were fitted to identify variables associated with fatigue over time. This study complied with the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe sample (mean age = 60.70 ± 10.42) was mostly male (68%). High fatigue was found in 73.6% of patients before cardiac surgery and significantly decreased over the six months after discharge. NYHA III/IV, lower haemoglobin level, more symptom distress, poor sleep quality, higher anxiety and depression and lower social and family support were significantly associated with an increase in fatigue levels over time. Compared with before discharge, decreases in sleep quality at 1, 3 and 6 months were significantly associated with an increase in fatigue levels (p < .001). The increases in social support (B = 0.20, p = .016) and family support (B = 0.37, p = .002) at 6 months were significantly associated with an increase in the fatigue scores.ConclusionFatigue was common and associated with symptoms, sleep quality, emotion and social support in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In addition to symptom management, improving sleep quality and social support are important to manage fatigue for the long‐term care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Relevance to clinical practicePatient education on symptom management, sleep hygiene and family support is suggested to improve fatigue in patients recovering from cardiac surgery.
Imaging of intraspinal cystic lesions: A review
Authors: Cunha Bruno , Rodrigues Alexandra , Gonçalves João , Conceição Carla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral distinct conditions present as cystic or pseudocystic lesions within the spinal canal. Some of the most common spinal cystic lesions include spinal meningeal cysts, juxtafacet cysts, dermoid/epidermoid cysts, nerve sheath tumors, and syringohydromyelia. Clinical presentation is usually nonspecific and imaging characteristics are frequently overlapping, which may pose a challenging presurgical diagnosis. We provide a pictorial review of cystic intraspinal lesions and discuss the main imaging features that can aid the neuroradiologist in the differential diagnosis. First, we propose a categorization of the lesions according to their location as extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedullary. This is a crucial initial step in the diagnostic workup and surgical planning. Second, for each of these locations, we organize the lesions according to their etiology: congenital and developmental disorders, degenerative disorders, traumatic or postsurgical collections, infectious conditions, neoplastic lesions, and other miscellaneous disorders. Finally, we summarize the clinical highlights and MR features that provide important insights for the differential diagnosis. MR is the technique of choice in presurgical evaluation and postsurgery follow‐up. It provides accurate lesion localization and characterization and, most of the times, it will allow a confident differential diagnosis. High‐resolution three‐dimensional T2‐weighted sequences and diffusion‐weighted imaging can provide important hints in specific cases. Signal correlation with T1‐weighted and fat‐saturated sequences allows to differentiate true cystic lesions from hemorrhage or fat tissue.
Millennia‐old coral holobiont DNA provides insight into future adaptive trajectories
Authors: Scott Carly B. , Cárdenas Anny , Mah Matthew , Narasimhan Vagheesh M. , Rohland Nadin , Toth Lauren T. , Voolstra Christian R. , Reich David , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAncient DNA (aDNA) has been applied to evolutionary questions across a wide variety of taxa. Here, for the first time, we utilized aDNA from millennia‐old fossil coral fragments to gain new insights into a rapidly declining western Atlantic reef ecosystem. We sampled four Acropora palmata fragments (dated 4215 BCE to 1099 CE) obtained from two Florida Keys reef cores. From these samples, we established that it is possible both to sequence aDNA from reef cores and place the data in the context of modern‐day genetic variation. We recovered varying amounts of nuclear DNA exhibiting the characteristic signatures of aDNA from the A. palmata fragments. To describe the holobiont sensu lato, which plays a crucial role in reef health, we utilized metagenome‐assembled genomes as a reference to identify a large additional proportion of ancient microbial DNA from the samples. The samples shared many common microbes with modern‐day coral holobionts from the same region, suggesting remarkable holobiont stability over time. Despite efforts, we were unable to recover ancient Symbiodiniaceae reads from the samples. Comparing the ancient A. palmata data to whole‐genome sequencing data from living acroporids, we found that while slightly distinct, ancient samples were most closely related to individuals of their own species. Together, these results provide a proof‐of‐principle showing that it is possible to carry out direct analysis of coral holobiont change over time, which lays a foundation for studying the impacts of environmental stress and evolutionary constraints.
Many ways to TOPLESS – manipulation of plant auxin signalling by a cluster of fungal effectors
Authors: Bindics Janos , Khan Mamoona , Uhse Simon , Kogelmann Benjamin , Baggely Laura , Reumann Daniel , Ingole Kishor D. , Stirnberg Alexandra , Rybecky Anna , Darino Martin , Navarrete Fernando , Doehlemann Gunther , Djamei Armin 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Plant biotrophic pathogens employ secreted molecules, called effectors, to suppress the host immune system and redirect the host's metabolism and development in their favour. Putative effectors of the gall‐inducing maize pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis were analysed for their ability to induce auxin signalling in plants.

Using genetic, biochemical, cell‐biological, and bioinformatic approaches we functionally elucidate a set of five, genetically linked effectors, called Topless (TPL) interacting protein (Tips) effectors that induce auxin signalling.

We show that Tips induce auxin signalling by interfering with central corepressors of the TPL family. CRISPR‐Cas9 mutants and deletion strain analysis indicate that the auxin signalling inducing subcluster effectors plays a redundant role in virulence.

Although none of the Tips seem to have a conserved interaction motif, four of them bind solely to the N‐terminal TPL domain and, for Tip1 and Tip4, we demonstrate direct competition with auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid transcriptional repressors for their binding to TPL class of corepressors. Our findings reveal that TPL proteins, key regulators of growth–defence antagonism, are a major target of the U. maydis effectome.
Importance of the vaporization margin during CO2 laser treatment of oral leukoplakia: A survival study
Authors: Vilar‐Villanueva Marta , Somoza‐Martín José Manuel , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés , García‐García Abel , García‐Carnicero Tamara , Marichalar‐Mendía Xabier , Gallas‐Torreira Mercedes , Gándara‐Vila Pilar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to assess the response of oral leukoplakia to CO2 laser vaporization treatment, as well as determining possible factors that may affect recurrence of lesions.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted, in which the medical records of patients who had been clinically and histologically diagnosed with oral leukoplakia and treated with CO2 laser between 1996 and 2019 at the Oral Medicine Teaching Unit of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Santiago de Compostela were reviewed.ResultsFifty‐eight patients were included: 36 female and 22 male subjects, with a mean age of 63.7 years old (SD ±13.1). The average follow‐up time was 57.5 months (SD ±57.9). A relapse rate of 52.6% was determined. Of all the studied variables, the margin was the only one for which a statistically significant association with recurrence of lesions was demonstrated (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe vaporization of lesions using CO2 laser with a safety margin of at least 3 mm from the clinical limits of OL is a key factor in preventing recurrence.