bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Management of COVID-19 in a Pediatric Patient with Neurodegenerative CLN2 Disease and ICV—Enzyme Replacement Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Schwering Christoph , Apostolidou Sofia , Deindl Philipp , Christner Martin , Knobloch Johannes K.-M. , Herrmann Jochen , Kobbe Robin , Schulz Angela , Singer Dominique , Ebenebe Chinedu Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 12 years old male patient presented here suffers from neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses 2 (CLN2) (MIM# 204500) and receives intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy (ICV-ERT) every 14 days. After the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, routine care of children and adolescents with rare chronic diseases has become challenging. Although, in general, children do not develop severe COVID-19, when severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction-screening examination in our CLN2 patient before hospital admission for ICV-ERT, he was regarded to be at risk. Upon diagnosis, the patient developed respiratory deterioration symptoms and was admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit to receive oxygen, remdesivir, and steroids. As far as we know, this is the first CLN2 patient receiving intraventricular enzyme therapy with COVID-19 who required intensive care treatment and specific therapy.
Pathogen exposure misclassification can bias association signals in GWAS of infectious diseases when using population-based common controls
Authors: Duchen Dylan , Vergara Candelaria , Thio Chloe L. , Kundu Prosenjit , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Thomas David L. , Wojcik Genevieve L. , Duggal Priya 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify host genetic factors for a range of phenotypes, including for infectious diseases. The use of population-based common controls from biobanks and extensive consortiums is a valuable resource to increase sample sizes in the identification of associated loci with minimal additional expense. Non-differential misclassification of the outcome has been reported when the controls are not well-characterized, which often attenuates the true effect size. However, for infectious diseases the comparison of cases to population-based common controls regardless of pathogen exposure can also result in selection bias. Through simulated comparisons of pathogen exposed cases and population-based common controls, we demonstrate that not accounting for pathogen exposure can result in biased effect estimates and spurious genome-wide significant signals. Further, the observed association can be distorted depending upon strength of the association between a locus and pathogen exposure and the prevalence of pathogen exposure. We also used a real data example from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic consortium comparing HCV spontaneous clearance to persistent infection with both well characterized controls, and population-based common controls from the UK Biobank. We find biased effect estimates for known HCV clearance-associated loci and potentially spurious HCV clearance-associations. These findings suggest that the choice of controls is especially important for infectious diseases or outcomes that are conditional upon environmental exposures.
Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Cohort of US Black Women
Authors: Anyane-Yeboa Adjoa , Buadu Maame Araba E. , Khalili Hamed , Cozier Yvette 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of IBD is increasing in minority populations; however, little is known about the epidemiology and disease characteristics of IBD in Black women.MethodsOur study population included participants in the Black Women’s Health Study. Diagnosis of IBD was self-reported through the biennial questionnaires starting at baseline in 1995. We estimated the incidence of IBD according to age and geographic region. A follow up supplementary questionnaire was also sent to a subset of participants who reported diagnosis of IBD to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported diagnosis and to assess disease characteristics.ResultsThrough December 31st 2021, a total of 609 cases of IBD were reported, of which 142 were prevalent at baseline (prevalence = 0.24%) and 467 were incident (crude incidence rate = 33.2/100, 000 person-years). The incidence of IBD was highest in the <30 years age group and similar across geographic region. Among the participants who responded to the supplementary questionnaire, 62.1% had confirmed diagnosis of IBD.ConclusionsIn a large prospective cohort of US Black women, we found that the incidence of IBD was similar to previously published estimates in US White women. Future studies should focus on identifying risk factors for IBD in Black individuals in the US.What You Need to KnowBackgroundThe incidence of IBD is increasing in minorities.FindingsThe prevalence and incidence of IBD in the BWHS are higher than previously reported in other cohort studies and similar to those reported in US White women.Implications for Patient CareThe burden of IBD in US Black women is high and similar to that of US White women.
Shifting PrEP Initiation from Practitioner to Nurse: a clinic-level multi-modal intervention protocol to increase PrEP uptake among women at increased risk of HIV acquisition in a U.S. OB/GYN clinical setting
Authors: Gingher Erin L. , Fruhauf Timothee F. , Sao Saumya S. , Wang Runzhi , Coleman Jenell S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWomen comprise 20% of new HIV diagnoses in the U.S. with 86% attributed to heterosexual contact, but HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake is low. OB/GYN clinics are ideal settings to increase HIV prevention counseling for cisgender women, as patients are more likely to discuss their sexual behavior, undergo sexually transmitted infection screening, and receive risk reduction counseling. Our study will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a registered nurse (RN)-led PrEP project in OB/GYN clinics. Microlearning and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will be performed, followed by a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of cisgender women determined to be at-risk for HIV will be randomized to standard of care with electronic medical record enhancements (e-SOC) or e-SOC with contact and PrEP counselling by an RN, who will be able to prescribe PrEP under protocol guidance. By shifting HIV PrEP counselling to a nurse, clinics may be able to increase PrEP awareness and uptake.Registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05095818
The national, longitudinal NASCITA birth cohort study: prevalence of overweight or obesity at 12 months of age in children born healthy
Authors: Clavenna Antonio , Morabito Eleonora , Cartabia Massimo , Campi Rita , Pandolfini Chiara , Bonati Maurizio ,   the NASCITA Working Group
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity at 12 months in an Italian birth cohort and to identify factors related to an increased likelihood of being overweight.MethodsThe Italian NASCITA birth cohort was analysed. Infants were classified as underweight (<5th), normal weight (5th-85th), and overweight (>85th centile) at 12 months of age according to the World Health Organization percentiles of body mass index and the prevalence of overweight/obesity was estimated. To test the association between the chance of being overweight/obese and parental and newborn characteristics, and infant feeding, healthy newborns (no preterm/low birth weight, and with no malformations), with appropriate-for-gestational-age birth weight were selected, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performedResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 23.5% (95%CI 22.2-24.8) in the 4,270 neonates followed during their first year of life, and 23.7% (631/2749) in healthy newborns with a birth weight that was appropriate for gestational age.A big infant appetite (Odds Ratio 4.39, 95%CI: 2.73-7.07), living in southern Italy (OR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.35-2.00) and maternal age <30 years (OR 1.39, 95%CI: 1.05-1.83) were the main variables associated with a greater likelihood of being overweight/obese. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months did not influence the chance of being overweight.ConclusionsThe sociodemographic factors (e.g. area of residence, age) seem to be the most relevant determinants influencing the chance of being overweight. In order to prevent childhood and adult obesity, early interventions should be set up or improved, with particular attention to vulnerable families.
Factors Affecting the Incidence of Stroke at a Young Age: A Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Agustiyaningsih Titik , Nur Rohmah Anis Ika , Azizah Lailatul 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTRecently, stroke is a new trend among the young age group in the range of 15-45 years. One of the main complications of this disease is s physical disability, but it also causes communication disorders, emotional disturbances, pain, sleep disturbances, depression, and dysphagia. All of these signs have a major impact on the productivity of the young age group. This article aims to review literatures related to the factors that influence the incidence of stroke at a young age. This study uses a literature study design from 6 databases, namely: Science Direct, ProQuest, Wiley, Sage Pub and Pubmed research. The search used various keyword combinations with the help of Boolean operators, including: “Young Stroke” OR “Young Adults” AND “Risk Factor” OR “Factor”, combined as MESH terms and keywords, and assessment of article quality using the JBI Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cohort studies and Case-Control Studies. There were 19 selected articles were analyzed by adjusting the inclusion criteria, namely articles published in the last year, full text accessible, young stroke patient respondents, and discuss the factors that influence the incidence of stroke at a young age. Based on the results of the review, there are several factors that influence the occurance of stroke at a young age including physical factors with a percentage of 85%, lifestyle factors with a percentage of 55%, psychological factors with a percentage of 15%, sex factors with a percentage of 10% and age factors. as much as 5%. Implications in clinical practice include providing psychoeducation as a preventive measure to reduce the incidence of stroke at a young age.
Effects of a feedback intervention on antibiotic prescription control in primary care institutions based on depth graph neural network technology: a cluster randomized cross-over controlled trial
Authors: Yang Junli , Cui Zhezhe , Liao Xingjiang , He Xun , Yu Shitao , Du Wei , Wu Shengyan , Chang Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOveruse and misuse of antibiotics are major factors in the development of antibiotic resistance in primary care institutions of rural China. In this study, the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based, automatic, and confidential antibiotic feedback intervention was evaluated to determine whether it could reduce antibiotic prescribing rates and avoid inappropriate prescribing behaviors by physicians.MethodsA randomized, cross-over, cluster-controlled trial was conducted in 77 primary care institutions of Guizhou Province, China. All institutions were randomly divided into two groups and given either a 3-month intervention followed by a 3-month period without any intervention or vice versa. The intervention consisted of 3 feedback measures: a real-time warning pop-up message of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions on the prescribing physician’s computer screen, a 10-day antibiotic prescription feedback, and distribution of educational brochures. The primary and secondary outcomes are the 10-day antibiotic prescription rate and 10-day inappropriate antibiotic prescription rate.ResultsThere were 37 primary care institutions with 160 physicians in group 1 (intervention followed by control) and 40 primary care institutions with 168 physicians in group 2 (control followed by intervention). There were no significant differences in antibiotic prescription rates (32.1% vs 35.6%) and inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates (69.1% vs 72.0%) between the two groups at baseline (p = 0.085, p = 0.072). After 3 months (cross-over point), antibiotic prescription rates and inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates decreased significantly faster in group 1 (11.9% vs 12.3%, p < 0.001) compared to group 2 (4.5% vs 3.1%, p < 0.001). At the end point, the decreases in antibiotic prescription rates were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (2.6% vs 11.7%, p < 0.001). During the same period, the inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates decreased in group 2 (15.9%, p < 0.001) while the rates increased in group 1 (7.3%, p < 0.001). The characteristics of physicians did not significantly affect the rate of antibiotic or inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates.ConclusionThe conclusion is that artificial intelligence based real-time pop-up of prescription inappropriate warning, the 10-day prescription information feedback intervention, and the distribution of educational brochures can effectively reduce the rate of antibiotic prescription and inappropriate rate.Trial registrationISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN13817256. Registered on 11 January 2020
Fesoterodine ameliorates autonomic dysreflexia while improving lower urinary tract function and urinary incontinence-related quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: A prospective phase IIa study
Authors: Walter Matthias , Ramirez Andrea L. , Lee Amanda H. X. , Nightingale Thomas E. , Rapoport Daniel , Kavanagh Alex , Krassioukov Andrei V. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of this prospective phase IIa, open-label exploratory, pre-post study was to determine the efficacy of fesoterodine to ameliorate autonomic dysreflexia (AD) in individuals with chronic SCI (>1-year post-injury) at or above the sixth thoracic spinal segment, with confirmed history of AD and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). We screened 20 individuals. Fifteen individuals provided written informed consent and were assigned to undergo urodynamics, 24-hour ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitoring (ABPM), and urinary incontinence-related quality of life (QoL) measures at baseline and on-treatment. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBD) score were used to monitor cognitive and bowel function, respectively. Twelve participants (4 females, median age 42 years) completed this study. Compared to baseline, fesoterodine improved lower urinary tract (LUT) function, i.e., increased cystometric capacity (205 vs 475mL, p = 0.002) and decreased maximum detrusor pressure (44 vs 12cmH2O, p = 0.009). NDO was eliminated in seven (58%) participants. Severity of AD events during urodynamics (40 vs 27mmHg, p = 0.08) and 24-hour ABPM (59 vs. 36mmHg, p = 0.05) were both reduced, yielding a large effect size (r = -0.58). AD Frequency (14 vs. 3, p = 0.004) during 24-hour ABPM was significantly reduced. Urinary incontinence-related QoL improved (68 vs. 82, p = 0.02), however, cognitive (p = 0.2) and bowel function (p = 0.4) did not change significantly. In conclusion, fesoterodine reduces the magnitude and frequency of AD, while improving LUT function and urinary incontinence-related QoL in individuals with chronic SCI without negatively affecting cognitive or bowel function.
My Early Relational Trust-Informed Learning (MERTIL) for Parents: A study protocol for a brief, universal, online, preventative parenting program to enhance relational health
Authors: Opie Jessica , Hooker Leesa , Gibson Tanudja , McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundEarly relational health is a key determinant of childhood development, while relational trauma in the parent-infant dyad can instigate a cascading pattern of infant risk. Fortunately, early relational trauma is detectable and modifiable. In 2018, Australian Maternal and Child Health (MCH) nurses participated in MERTIL (My Early RelationalTrauma-Informed Learning), a program to identify and prevent relational trauma. Program evaluations revealed nurses felt competent and confident to identify and respond to relational trauma; however, response capacity was inhibited by inadequate parent referral options. In response, MERTILfor Parents(My Early RelationalTrust-Informed Learning) was developed, which is an online, evidence-based, self-paced parenting program that focuses on enhancing parental knowledge of relational trust and its significance for infant development. This low-cost, accessible prevention resource targets emerging relational concerns to reduce later service system engagement. The potential for universal preventative online programs that target parental and relational wellbeing remains under-explored. This paper reports on a protocol for implementing a MERTILfor Parentspilot study describing nurses’ and parents’ perspectives on program feasibility and efficacy.MethodsThis study is a mixed-methods, parallel-armed, uncontrolled, repeated measures design. We aim to recruit 48 Australian MCH nurses from the states of Victoria and New South Wales. These nurses will in turn recruit 480 parents with a child aged 0-5 years. All parents will receive MERTILfor Parents, which entails a 40-minute video, tipsheets, worksheets, and support resources. Parent data will be obtained at three periods: pre-program, program exit, and program follow-up. Nurse data will be collected at two periods: parent recruitment completion and program follow-up. Data collection will occur through surveys and focus groups. Primary parent outcomes will be socioemotional assessments of program efficacy. Nurses and parents will each report on study program feasibility.DiscussionThis protocol describes the feasibility and efficacy of a new online parenting program, MERTILfor Parents, with pilot field studies commencing in August 2022. We anticipate that this resource will be a valuable addition to various child and family services, for use in individual support and group work.
Multifaceted effects of bycatch mitigation measures on target/non-target species for pelagic longline fisheries and consideration for bycatch management
Authors: Ochi Daisuke , Okamoto Kei , Ueno Shintaro 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYThe pelagic longline fishery, in an effort to reduce bycatch of sea turtles, have developed and deployed fisheries bycatch mitigation techniques such as replacing J/tuna hooks and squid bait with circle hooks and whole fish bait. However, little emphasis has been placed on the side effects of bycatch mitigation measures on endangered species other than target bycatch species. Several previous studies of the side effects have been marred by lack of control for the covariates. Here, based on long-term data obtained from research cruises by a pelagic longline vessel, we examined the effects of using circle hooks and whole fish bait to replace squid bait on the fishing mortality of target and non-target fishes, and also bycatch species. A quantitative evaluation analysis of our results, based on a Bayesian approach, showed the use of circle hooks to increase mouth hooking in target and bycatch species, and their size to be proportional to the magnitude of the effect. While deploying circle hooks did not increase fishing mortality per unit effort (MPUE) for shortfin mako sharks, combining to whole fish bait had a significant increase on MPUE. Because the impact of the introduction of bycatch mitigation measures on species other than the focused bycatch species is non-negligible, a quantitative assessment of bycatch mitigation-related fishing mortality is critical before introducing such measures.
Assessment of COVID-19 hospitalization risk during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron relative to Delta variant predominance, New York City, August 2021–January 2022
Authors: Greene Sharon K. , Levin-Rector Alison , Luoma Elizabeth , Amin Helly , McGibbon Emily , Mathes Robert W. , Ahuja Shama D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImportanceAssessing relative disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in populations with varied vaccination and infection histories can help characterize emerging variants and support healthcare system preparedness.ObjectiveTo assess COVID-19 hospitalization risk for patients infected with Omicron (BA.1 and sublineages) compared with Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene population-based COVID-19 disease registry, linked with laboratory results, immunization registry, and supplemental hospitalization data sources.ParticipantsNew York City residents with positive laboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 tests during August 2021–January 2022. A secondary analysis restricted to patients with whole-genome sequencing results, comprising 1%–18% of weekly confirmed cases.ExposuresDiagnosis during periods when ≥98% of sequencing results were Delta (August–November 2021) or Omicron (January 2022). A secondary analysis defined variant exposure using patient-level sequencing results.Main outcomes and measuresCOVID-19 hospitalization, defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 test 14 days before or 3 days after hospital admission.ResultsAmong 646,852 persons with a positive laboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 test, hospitalization risk was lower for patients diagnosed when Omicron predominated (16,025/488,053, 3.3%) than when Delta predominated (8,268/158,799, 5.2%). In multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics and prior diagnosis and vaccination status, patients diagnosed when Omicron relative to Delta predominated had 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 0.82) times the hospitalization risk. In a secondary analysis of 55,138 patients with sequencing results, hospitalization risk was similar for patients infected with Omicron (2,042/29,866, 6.8%) relative to Delta (1,780/25,272, 7.0%) and higher among those who received two mRNA vaccine doses (adjusted relative risk 1.64, 95% CI: 1.44, 1.87).Conclusions and relevanceIllness severity was lower for patients diagnosed when Omicron (BA.1 and sublineages) relative to Delta predominated. This finding was consistent after adjusting for prior diagnosis and vaccination status, suggesting intrinsic virologic properties, not population-based immunity, accounted for the lower severity. A secondary analysis demonstrated collider bias from the sequencing sampling frame changing over time in ways associated with disease severity. Investing in representative data collection is necessary to avoid bias in assessing relative disease severity as new variants emerge, immunity wanes, and additional COVID-19 vaccines are administered.