bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term intake of aspartame‐induced cardiovascular toxicity is reflected in altered histochemical parameters, evokes oxidative stress, and trigger P53‐dependent apoptosis in a mouse model
Authors: Anbara Hojat , Kian Mehdi , Darya Gholam‐Hossein , Sheibani Mohammad Taghi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAspartame (ASP) is probably the best known artificial sugar substitute that is used widely in food. Many experimental studies have reported the toxicity of long‐term administration of ASP in various organ tissues. However, there is little evidence available about the nature and mechanisms of the adverse effects of long‐term consumption of ASP on the cardiovascular system. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of ASP on heart tissue. For this study 36 mature male mice were divided into one control group and three groups which received respectively 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg ASP orally, for 90 days. ASP at the doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg increased the serum content of malondialdehyde (MDA), but decreased serum nitric oxide (NO), creatine kinase (CK) and CK‐MB, as well as blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Serum level of total anti‐oxidant capacity (TAC) in blood was also reduced in serum at the dose of 80 mg/kg. Histochemical staining, including Periodic acid‐Schiff, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff‐van Gieson staining, indicated that ASP at doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg reduced glycogen deposition and decreased the number of collagen and elastic fibres in the cardiac tissue. The cardiac expression of pro‐apoptotic genes, including P53, Bax, Bcl‐2 and Caspase‐3, was modulated at the dose of 160 mg/kg. Moreover, transcription of Caspase‐3 was up‐regulated at the dose of 80 mg/kg. In conclusion, long‐term consumption of ASP any higher than the acceptable daily intake (40 mg/kg) appears to act by promoting oxidative stress, has the potential to alter both histopathological and biochemical parameters, and induces P53‐dependent apoptosis in cardiac tissue.
Malignant syphilis: a new and revised definition
Authors: Karanfilian Katrice M. , Almohssen Amer Ali , Kapila Rajendra , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMalignant syphilis is a rare, severe variant of secondary syphilis that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. Historically, the clinical presentation included a prodrome of constitutional symptoms followed by the development of characteristic skin lesions. The definition of malignant syphilis has not been updated since it was first described as only a cutaneous manifestation. In recent years, syphilis has reemerged as a major public health issue, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM) and patients with HIV. With increasing rates of syphilis in the HIV‐positive population, the systemic manifestations of malignant syphilis have become more apparent. We propose a revised definition and elucidate why the term malignant syphilis should be expanded to include systemic manifestations, stressing musculoskeletal, central nervous system, ocular, ear, cardiovascular, rectal, liver, lung, and renal involvement. This updated definition is dramatically expanded to reflect its systemic manifestations. Recognition of these manifestations may prevent devastating long‐term effects.
Forming Humanity as Threefold Task
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe theological task can fruitfully be framed as that of forming humanity in the face of recognizing our inhumanity when this is interpreted as a restatement of the Twofold Love Commandment. We can identify three distinct phases of reflection on the formation of humanity – the archaic, historicist, and evolutionary. The movement from one to the next does not represent theological or ethical progress, but it does reflect heightened reflexivity of the ways in which the reditus of creation to God lies in our hands – and of our incapacity for this task and our dependence on grace.
Generous Orthodoxy: Theology, Church and the Gift of the Spirit
Authors: Tomlin Graham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article explores the concept of ‘Generous Orthodoxy’. It argues that the phrase focuses the task of theology on the worship of God, and its significance in spiritual formation. It also works to enable the church's witness by engaging with the realities of the world from the perspective of credal orthodoxy. The words ‘Generous’ and ‘Orthodoxy’ each illuminate the other, in that true orthodoxy is generous, and generosity is a vital part of true orthodoxy. Such an orthodoxy can only be maintained with a robust doctrine and experience of the Holy Spirit as the Church's principle of unity.
Young Black women's resistance to the Canadian settler colonial state apparatus: Negotiating the complexities of “being part of the system that oppresses”
Authors: Pillay Thashika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYoung Black peoples encounter racism and discriminatory practices and policies through formal education and in the larger society (Creese, 2013; Dei & James, 1998; Kelly, 1998). As the experiences of the research participants—young Black women between the ages of 18 and 30—highlight, a formal education system that is structured to benefit and perpetuate the settler colonial state apparatus marginalizes Black youth, including those who are deemed “successful” through their acceptance into higher education as formal education and the labour market are structured according to the logic of settler colonialism. As such, these systems operate by imposing Euro‐Western systems of knowledge, justice, and community on racialized peoples, and in particular, Black peoples. Yet, the research also shows that while injustice is the reality for young Black people, so too is resistance through a small yet powerful contingent who are refusing to remain complicit in perpetuating settler colonialism.
Nuclear family and social capital of refugees in Austria
Authors: Kohlenberger Judith , Rengs Bernhard , Buber‐Ennser Isabella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article provides insights into the role of the nuclear family for refugees' social capital in Austria, with a focus on gender‐specific differences. We use a multimethod approach, based on quantitative data from a survey with 548 refugees from Syria and Afghanistan and semi‐structured group discussions (N = 17 informants). In our analysis, we study frequency of contacts in first language and in German, as proxies for the bonding and bridging social capital. Marital status, childlessness and family work were identified as important factors: Frequency of contact substantially varied by gender and family context. Of all surveyed groups, married childless women and married men with children had the least contacts in both languages. Although an unequal distribution of childcare may limit women's time resources, we observed a positive association between motherhood and frequency of contact in German.
Neutrophils as drivers of vascular injury in sickle cell disease
Authors: Torres Lidiane S. , Hidalgo Andrés 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWhile neutrophils are the main effectors of protective innate immune responses, they are also key players in inflammatory pathologies. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder in which red blood cells (RBCs) are constantly destroyed in the circulation which generates a highly inflammatory environment that culminates in vascular occlusions. Vaso‐occlusion is the hallmark of SCD and a predictor of disease severity. Neutrophils initiate and propagate SCD‐related vaso‐occlusion through adhesive interactions with the activated and dysfunctional endothelium, sickle RBCs, and platelets, leading to acute and chronic complications that progress to irreversible organ damage and ultimately death. The use of SCD humanized mouse models, in combination with in vivo imaging techniques, has emerged as a fundamental tool to understand the dynamics of neutrophils under complex inflammatory contexts and their contribution to vascular injury in SCD. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms by which circulating neutrophils sense and respond to the wide range of stimuli present in the blood of SCD patients and mice. We argue that the central role of neutrophils in SCD can be rationalized to develop targets for the management of clinical complications in SCD patients.
International legal aspects of migration in the EU: Policies and standards
Authors: Korolova Viktoriya V. , Dolhoruchenko Kateryna O. , Oliinyk Olga B. , Glukh Maryna V. , Hrytsiak Ihor A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to determine the basics of the migration policy in the European Union, its problematic aspects, and mechanisms for improvement. The methodological basis of the work involves a set of methodological approaches, philosophical, general scientific, and private‐scientific methods, which allowed to ensure the reliability and validity of the research results. The article presents the generalization of the migration policy in European countries and ways to improve it in today's realities. The practical significance of the results obtained is that the analysis provided in the results and conclusions of this work can improve the management mechanism of migration flows in Ukraine.
The effect of inflammation management on pH, temperature, and bacterial burden
Authors: Derwin Rosemarie , Patton Declan , Strapp Helen , Moore Zena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this feasibility study was to investigate the impact of inflammation management on wound pH, temperature, and bacterial burden, using the principles of TIME and Wound Bed Preparation. A quantitative non‐comparative, prospective, descriptive observational design. Following ethical approval, 26 participants with 27 wounds of varying aetiologies were observed twice weekly for 2 weeks. Wounds were treated with cleansing, repeated sharp debridement, and topical cadexomer iodine. Wound pH (pH indicator strips), temperature (infrared camera), bacterial burden (fluorescence imaging) and size (ruler method) was monitored at each visit. The mean age of all participants was 47 years (SD: 20.3 years), and 79% (n = 19) were male, and most wounds were acute (70%; n = 19) and included surgical and trauma wounds, the remaining (30%; n = 8) were chronic and included vascular ulcers and non‐healing surgical wounds. Mean wound duration was 53.88 days (SD: 64.49 days). Over the follow up period, pH values ranged from 6 to 8.7, temperature (centre spot) ranged from 28.4°C to 36.4°C and there was an average 39% reduction in wound size. Inflammation management had a positive effect on pH, temperature, bacterial burden, and wound size. This study demonstrated that it was feasible to practice inflammation management using a structured approach to enhance wound outcomes.
Ca‐vacancy effect on the stability of substitutional divalent cations in calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite
Authors: Saito Tatsushi , Ishikawa Yuto , Noda Yusuke , Yokoi Tatsuya , Oshima Yu , Nakamura Atsutomo , Matsunaga Katsuyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations were performed to reveal an effect of Ca vacancies on the stability of substitutional divalent cations M2+ (M = Mg, Zn, Sr) in Ca‐deficient hydroxyapatite (dHAp). M2+ concentrations up to 20 mol% in dHAp were considered, and the most stable substitutional sites and their lowest energy configurations in the dHAp lattice were examined with the aid of a generic algorithm method. It was found that defect formation energies of substitutional M2+ are lower in dHAp than in stoichiometric HAp (sHAp) at all M2+ concentrations. This indicates that these M2+ ions are more favorably involved in dHAp than in sHAp, which is in reasonable agreement with experiment. Detailed analyses on atomic structures in dHAp show that the presence of a Ca vacancy varies its surrounding Ca–O bond lengths over a wide area so that Ca–O polyhedrons with various sizes are produced. As a result, M2+ ions can predominantly occupy Ca sites at which M2+ fits better, depending on the ionic radii of M2+. For Zn2+ substitution in dHAp, its defect formation energy decreases more with the increasing concentrations and has the minimum value at 15 mol%. Such a trend can be understood from changes in effective coordination numbers of Zn in dHAp.
Normalization of Racism and Moral Responsibility: Against the Exculpatory Stance
Authors: Berdini Federica , Bonicalzi Sofia 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, we take the case of racism in contemporary Italy as a starting point for a discussion about moral responsibility for racism in cases where ignorance is involved. We focus on the issue of the normalization of racism and its contribution to different forms of ignorance to assess the extent to which these might potentially mitigate judgments of responsibility for racism, thereby grounding an Exculpatory Stance. After illustrating the phenomenon of the normalization of racism and offering an outline of how the normalization of racism contributes to ignorance, we argue against the Exculpatory Stance by appealing to a socially situated variety of capacitarian approach to the epistemic condition of moral responsibility. This approach provides us with the tools to claim that the moral ignorance favored by the normalization of racism does not mitigate judgments of individual responsibility. Finally, we point out that the interdependence of individual responsibility and the social environment is such that, in addition to backward‐looking individual responsibilities for racism, there are also forward‐looking, both individual and shared, responsibilities to counter racism in its various manifestations and the increased risk of moral ignorance connected to its normalization.
Identification and expression profiling of receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase 2 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
Authors: Lu Lu , Dai Shaotong , Zhu Hao , Zhang Xin , Li Zhiqiong , Huang Xiaoli , Ouyang Ping , Geng Yi , Chen Defang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReceptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is an adaptor protein of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 involved in regulating inflammatory response and resisting pathogenic microbial infection. In this study, Acipenser baerii RIPK2 (AbRIPK2) was identified. The open reading frame of AbRIPK2 was 1815 bp encoding 604 amino acids. AbRIPK2 possessed the typical N‐terminal kinase domain (KD) and C‐terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that AbRIPK2 shared a relatively high identity with bony fish. Real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) results indicated that AbRIPK2 was highly expressed in the gill, followed by muscle, liver and heart. AbRIPK2 was significantly induced in the spleen and valvular intestine after Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. AbRIPK2 was significantly upregulated after peptidoglycan (PGN) treatment in the splenic leukocytes. This study indicated that AbRIPK2 played a potential role in resisting the pathogenic infection of Siberian sturgeon by responding to bacteria.
Optimisation of radioligand therapy in neuroendocrine tumours: Current and evolving evidence
Authors: Navalkissoor Shaunak , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Grossman Ashley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTreatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with radioligand therapy (RLT) for example, 177Lu‐DOTATATE is generally well‐tolerated and prolongs time to progression in most patients. However, approximately 20% of patients are nonresponders. In addition, complete responses are rare (<5% of patients), and durable responses beyond 3–4 years are uncommon. This article will discuss factors which may improve the outcomes of PRRT by using biomarkers to identify patients at high risk to be nonresponders (imaging and liquid biomarkers) and will examine mechanisms to potentially improve/optimise current RLT treatment strategies. These include mechanisms to potentiate the effects of RLT, increase tumour absorbed dose, overcoming radio‐resistance and upregulation of somatostatin receptors, although larger studies will be required to demonstrate which techniques are going to be most efficacious in clinical practice.
Successful vaginoscopic excision of the vaginal septum in a virgin girl of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Iwai Kana , Waki Keita , Kawahara Naoki , Kimura Fuminori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) is a rare malformation that not only causes severe menstrual cramps shortly after menarche but can also lead to endometriosis and infection in the future. We report a case of OHVIRA successfully managed by vaginoscopic excision of the vaginal septum. A 12‐year‐old virgin girl presented to our hospital with dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal pain. OHVIRA was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging. Vaginoscopic surgery was performed for drainage of hematocolpos and excision of the vaginal septum. Vaginoscopic excision of the vaginal septum was performed using a resectoscope, without a vaginal speculum. The procedure was completed safely without injuring the hymen. This is the first case report of successful excision of the vaginal septum by vaginoscopic surgery for OHVIRA in Japan. Vaginoscopic excision may be one of the effective options for the treatment of vaginal obstruction.
Effects of cranioplasty in cerebral blood perfusion using quantification with 99m‐Tc HMPAO SPECT‐CT
Authors: Galiana Álvaro , Ruiz Sebastián , Alén JF , Gómez Grande Adolfo , Panero Irene , Vega Diana , García‐Pérez Daniel , Gutiérrez Elena , Romero Carmen , Lagares Alfonso , Tabuenca María José , Paredes Igor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeSyndrome of the trephined or sinking skin flap syndrome is an underdiagnosed condition of craniectomized patients that usually improves after cranioplasty. Among the pathophysiological theories proposed, the changes of cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) caused by cranial defects might have a role in the neurological deficiencies observed. We aim to assess the regional cortex changes in CBP after cranioplasty with Technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene‐amine oxime (99mTc‐HMPAO) SPECT‐CT.MethodsTwenty‐eight craniectomized patients subject to cranioplasty were studied with 99mTc‐HMPAO SPECT‐CT in three different times, before cranioplasty, a week, and 3 months after. The images were processed with quantification software comparing CBP of 24 cortical areas with a reference area, and with a database of controls. A mixed effects model and T‐Student were used.ResultsCBP increased significantly in both hemispheres after cranioplasty, either using ratio (β = .019, p‐value = .030 first postsurgical SPECT‐CT and β = .021, p‐value = .015 in the second study, vs. presurgical) or Z‐score (β = .220, p‐value = .026 and β = .279, p‐value = .005, respectively). Nine areas of the damaged side had a significant lower CBP ratio and Z‐score than the undamaged. Posterior cingulate showed an increased CBP ratio (p‐value = .034) and Z‐score (p‐value = .028) in the first postsurgical SPECT‐CT. These posterior cingulate changes represent a 4.83% increase in ratio and 91.04% in Z‐Score (p‐value = .035 and .040, respectively).ConclusionCBP changes significantly in specific cortical areas after cranioplasty. Posterior cingulate changes might explain some improvements in attention impairments. SPECT‐CT could be a useful tool to assess CBP changes in these patients and might be helpful in their clinical management.
Language ideology in an endogamous society: The case of Daghestan
Authors: Dobrushina Nina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies of multilingual systems found in Indigenous small‐scale communities often assume that exogamous marriages are the norm in such societies and contribute to their linguistic diversity. This paper is an account of the language ideology of endogamous societies in rural highland Daghestan (Northeast Caucasus). By studying language policing and language choice in infrequent mixed marriages, the paper uncovers the beliefs that support endogamy and reveals issues of linguistic identity and attitudes toward the usage of the matrilect within the family and the village. Interviews show that in‐married women do not bring new languages to the villages, because they quickly acquire the local language new to them and use it with all their in‐laws and their children. A strong association between villages and languages together with the ideology supporting linguistic homogeneity within the village contributes to the maintenance of the regional linguistic diversity.
Nasal transmission of equine parvovirus hepatitis
Authors: Tomlinson Joy E. , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV‐H) is highly prevalent and causes subclinical to fatal hepatitis, which can occur in outbreaks. Whereas iatrogenic transmission is well documented, the mode of horizontal transmission is not known. The virus is shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions, and PO transmission has been reported in a single horse.Hypothesis/ObjectiveInvestigate the efficiency of PO and nasal transmission of EqPV‐H in a larger cohort.MethodsProspective experimental transmission study. Eleven EqPV‐H‐negative horses were inoculated with 5 × 106genome equivalents EqPV‐H. Serum PCR and serology for EqPV‐H were performed weekly and monthly, respectively. Horses first were inoculated PO, and then intranasally 8 weeks later.ResultsNo horse became viremic or seroconverted within 8 weeks after PO inoculation. After intranasal inoculation, 5 horses became viremic within 6 to 12 weeks and seroconverted within 10 to 19 weeks. After a period without monitoring from 12 to 19 weeks postinoculation, another 5 horses were found to be viremic at 19 to 22 weeks. The second set of 5 horses could have been infected by horizontal transmission from the first 5 because of cohousing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe demonstrated that EqPV‐H can be transmitted nasally. The prolonged eclipse phase before detectable viremia indicates biosecurity measures to control spread could be impractical.
Diplomatic capacity and foreign policy changes under Bolsonaro: Elements of a paradox
Authors: Pinheiro Leticia , Santos Leandro W. dos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article discusses Brazilian diplomatic capacities and their influence on foreign policy during Bolsonaro's administration. Academics and practitioners once recognized the Brazilian diplomatic service for its high skills, regardless of the foreign policy guidelines in force. In fact, the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs used to stand out for its professionalism, bringing together all the conditions the literature points out as the main characteristics of the concept of bureaucratic quality—those necessary to implement foreign policy objectives. Meanwhile, the literature notes that state capacities might increase or decrease over time. Likewise, governments might seek different foreign policy objectives; to achieve them, they rely on their current capacities, seek to create new ones, or both. Based on the literature on state capacities, policy feedback, and the role of the international environment, this article analyzes Jair Bolsonaro government's attempts to dismantle Brazilian diplomatic capacities to achieve its foreign policy goals.