bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified blister mixing element for generating extensional flow in a twin‐screw extruder: Process characterization and dispersion state of carbon nanotubes in cyclo‐olefin polymer
Authors: Matsumoto Koki , Tanaka Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to improve the dispersion state of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a cyclo‐olefin polymer (COP) matrix by introducing extensional flow during the compounding through a twin‐screw extruder (TSE). A modified mixing element with multiple holes, called a fixed blister disc (XBD), was developed. To describe the mixing performance of XBD, the flow state was characterized via numerical simulation and acquisition of process data such as pressure drop () at XBD and specific mechanical energy (SME), while the operational conditions of TSE were varied. The dispersion state of SWCNTs was evaluated from the viewpoint of the melt viscoelastic property, surface resistivity of extruded samples and mechanical properties of injection molded samples. Furthermore, the dispersion morphology was observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the mixing performance of XBD was improved by increasing the ratio of throughputsQto screw speedNs(Q/Ns) since , which is related to extensional stress, was increased. However, the trade‐off relationship between and SME was confirmed versus Q/Ns. Although the dispersion state at the submicron level was markedly improved with higher SME inputs, higher reduced the largest agglomerate size and improved dispersion uniformity. Consequently, the mechanical properties were improved significantly.
Enhanced Performance of WS2 Field‐Effect Transistor through Mono and Bilayer h‐BN Tunneling Contacts
Authors: Phan Nhat Anh Nguyen , Noh Hamin , Kim Jihoon , Kim Yewon , Kim Hanul , Whang Dongmok , Aoki Nobuyuki , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Gil‐Ho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of great interest owing to their unique properties. However, TMD materials face two major challenges that limit their practical applications: contact resistance and surface contamination. Herein, a strategy to overcome these problems by inserting a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) at the chromium (Cr) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) interface is introduced. Electrical behaviors of direct metal–semiconductor (MS) and metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) contacts with mono‐ and bilayer h‐BN in a four‐layer WS2 field‐effect transistor (FET) are evaluated under vacuum from 77 to 300 K. The performance of the MIS contacts differs based on the metal work function when using Cr and indium (In). The contact resistance is significantly reduced by approximately ten times with MIS contacts compared with that for MS contacts. An electron mobility up to ≈115 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 at 300 K is achieved with the insertion of monolayer h‐BN, which is approximately ten times higher than that with MS contacts. The mobility and contact resistance enhancement are attributed to Schottky barrier reduction when h‐BN is introduced between Cr and WS2. The dependence of the tunneling mechanisms on the h‐BN thickness is investigated by extracting the tunneling barrier parameters.
Global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia in pigs and wild boars with emphasis on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Bahadory Saeed , Khazaei Sasan , Zaki Leila , Ghaderinezhad Sheida , Sherafati Jila , Abdoli Amir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrosporidia are spore‐forming intracellular pathogens with worldwide prevalence, causing emerging infections in humans and animals. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic species of microsporidia and is responsible for more than 90% of cases of microsporidiosis in humans and animals. Pigs and wild boars are important animal reservoirs of microsporidia. Hence, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence of microsporidia and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs and wild boars through a set of systematic review and meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.MethodsFour databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2021. Regarding meta‐analysis, the random‐effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsAfter exclusion of irrelevant articles and duplication removal, 33 papers, including 34 datasets (30 datasets for domestic pigs and 4 for wild boars) finally meet the inclusion criteria to undergo meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence rates of microsporidia infection in domestic pigs and wild boars were 37.6% (95% CI: 30.8–44.9%) and 8.1% (95% CI: 2.1–26.8%), respectively. While, the pooled prevalence rates of E. bieneusi were 35% (95% CI: 28.4–42.2%) in domestic pigs and 10.1% (95% CI: 1.7–42.4%) in wild boars. The genotypes EbpA was the most reported genotype in domestic pigs and wild boars. Male animals had higher prevalence rates of microsporidia infection than females (27 vs. 17.4%, OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 0.77–4.71%).ConclusionThis study indicates the important role of domestic pigs and wild boars as animal reservoir hosts of microsporidia. Thereby, strategies for control and prevention of these zoonotic pathogens should be designed in pigs and wild boars.
Betaretrovirus infections in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hemida Maged Gomaa , Alnaeem Abdelmohsen A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible tumor‐like lesions on and around the nostrils as well as around the eyes.ObjectivesFollowing are the objectives: to identify the causative agents of these identified tumours in dromedary camels and to perform molecular characterization of the detected strains of the causative agent.MethodsWe extracted the nucleic acids from some fresh lesions out of these animals, and then amplified some key retrovirus genes. We amplified several regions of the rotavirus genome using the PCR technique. The obtained sequences were assembled and the phylogenetic trees were conducted per each target retrovirus gene.ResultsOur results revealed a high degree of identity to some retroviruses of sheep. Phylogenetic analysis based on some retrovirus genes revealed that the causative agents of these lesions are closely related to sheep retroviruses, particularly the Jaagsiekte sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) and the ENTV.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of retrovirus infections in dromedary camels in the Arabian Peninsula. This highlights the possible species jump for the retrovirus from sheep and goats to the dromedary camels, which live in close proximity with these animals in many parts of the world, especially the Arabian Peninsula.
A novel, green strategy based on bicarbonate activated hydrogen peroxide system for triazine hindered amines nitroxide radicalization for halogen‐free flame retardants
Authors: Xu Wensheng , Wang Bowei , Yan Fanyong , Zeng Yuyao , Liu Shuai , Fang Wangwang , Chen Ligong , Yan Xilong , Li Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe triazine hindered amine (THA) nitroxide radicals are important to the preparation of halogen‐free flame retardants, but the traditional methods using peracetic acid was limited in further sustainable development in industry. In this work, the bicarbonate‐activated hydrogen peroxide system with ethyl acetate as the solvent (BAP‐EA system) was firstly employed in TH‐7 nitroxide radicalization, which exhibited excellent performance with 99% yield of TH‐7‐(NO·)2 at 30°C. To further explore the mechanism, the bicarbonate transformation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the effect of ROS were explored by LC–MS, 13C‐NMR, EPR, et al. The results indicated that HCO4− was generated in BAP system, and then further produced ROS (1O2, ·O2− and ·OH) to participate in the radicalization. ROS also exhibits synergistic effects in BAP‐EA system, and further enhanced the reactivity of ROS in TH‐7 nitroxide radicalization. Moreover, in the flame retardancy test, NOR 116 synthesized in BAP‐EA system displayed excellent flame retardant synergy with aluminum hypophosphite (AH) in polypropylene (PP). This work provides a novel insight in green process of THA nitroxide radicalization for halogen‐free flame retardants.
Kinematic regions in the e+e− → hX factorized cross section in a 2-jet topology with thrust
Authors: Boglione M. , Simonelli A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFactorization theorems allow to separate out the universal, non-perturbative content of the hadronic cross section from its perturbative part, which can be computed in perturbative QCD, up to the desired order. In this paper, we derive a rigorous proof of factorization of thee+e−→hXcross section, sensitive to the transverse momentum of the detected hadron with respect to the thrust axis, in a completely general framework, based on the Collins-Soper-Sterman approach. This procedure naturally leads to a partition of thee+e−→hXkinematics into three different regions, each associated to a different factorization theorem. In one of these regions, which covers the central and widest range, the factorization theorem has a new structure, which shares the features of both TMD and collinear factorization schemes. In the corresponding cross section, the role of the rapidity cut-off is investigated, as its physical meaning becomes increasingly evident. An algorithm to identify these three kinematic regions, based on ratios of observable quantities, is provided.
Renormalon subtraction in OPE using Fourier transform: formulation and application to various observables
Authors: Hayashi Yuuki , Sumino Yukinari , Takaura Hiromasa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Properly separating and subtracting renormalons in the framework of the op- erator product expansion (OPE) is a way to realize high precision computation of QCD effects in high energy physics. We propose a new method (FTRS method), which enables to subtract multiple renormalons simultaneously from a general observable. It utilizes a property of Fourier transform, and the leading Wilson coefficient is written in a one-parameter integral form whose integrand has suppressed (or vanishing) renormalons. The renormalon subtraction scheme coincides with the usual principal-value prescription at large orders. We perform test analyses and subtract the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda}_{\mathrm{QCD}}^4\right) $$
O

Λ
QCD
4

renormalon from the Adler function, the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda}_{\mathrm{QCD}}^2\right) $$
O

Λ
QCD
2

renormalon from the B → Xul$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

decay width, and the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ΛQCD) and $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda}_{\mathrm{QCD}}^2\right) $$
O

Λ
QCD
2

renormalons from the B, D meson masses. The analyses show good consistency with theoretical expectations, such as improved convergence and scale dependence. In particular we obtain $$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

FTRS = 0.495 ± 0.053 GeV and ($$ {\mu}_{\pi}^2 $$

μ
π
2

)FTRS = −0.12 ± 0.23 GeV2 for the non-perturbative parameters of HQET. We explain the formulation and analyses in detail.
Maternal differences for the reaction to ergot in unfertilized hybrid rye (Secale cereale)
Authors: Kodisch Anna , Schmiedchen Brigitta , Eifler Jakob , Gordillo Andres , Siekmann Dörthe , Fromme Franz Joachim , Oberforster Michael , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClaviceps purpurea causing ergot maintains to be a problem in commercial cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS)-based hybrid rye growing. The fungal spores compete with pollen during flowering and ergot incidence is reduced in highly pollen-shedding stands. This study was carried out to identify maternal differences in ergot infection in the absence of pollen. Ten male-sterile single crosses were tested by needle and spray inoculation and kept unfertilized in up to four field sites (Germany, Austria) and three greenhouse experiments, respectively, in two years. A medium to high correlation was observed between field (needle inoculation) and greenhouse (spray inoculation) experiments. The environments (=location × year combinations) differed in their ergot severity and ergot incidence. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic and genotype × environment interaction variances were detected for the unfertilized male-sterile single crosses in both test systems for both traits. The single cross K_4 showed a significantly lower ergot severity averaged across all environments, thus being more resilient to ergot than the other genotypes. In conclusion, spray and needle inoculation are suitable for testing unfertilized male-sterile rye materials, testing across several environments (locations, years) is definitely necessary. Selection of specific females might give the potential for further reducing ergot contamination in hybrid rye in future. The frequency of such genotypes within larger breeding populations needs to be analyzed.
Application of Line of Sight and Potential Audience Analysis to Unravel the Spatial Organization of Palaeolithic Cave Art
Authors: Intxaurbe Iñaki , Garate Diego , Arriolabengoa Martin , Medina-Alcaide Mª Ángeles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe endokarst landscape is the result of long erosion and sedimentation processes that have modelled an environment in which capricious forms abound. Despite being a hostile environment for human life, these caves must have attracted the attention of human groups from as early as the Palaeolithic. It is striking that many examples of rock art appear to be closely symbiotic with their natural support; nevertheless, it is difficult to confirm any relationship in the distribution of the decorated spaces, based on their morphology. Moreover, if we start from the hypothesis—widely accepted, but not demonstrated—that Palaeolithic cave art is a system of visual communication, the visibility of the art or the number of people who could be accommodated in the decorated sectors should be determining factors. In order to avoid making subjective appraisals when analysing these factors, we have designed a Python script with a workflow to work directly with 3D models of caverns using GISs, which can be easily replicated and edited by other researchers. Application of this script in the Magdalenian caves of Atxurra, Santimamiñe and Altxerri (Northern Spain) has allowed us to compare them accurately based on their visibility features. This has shown that in some cases, there may have been prior planning to enhance the visibility of some figures. In all cases, the groups of figures are located in deep and hidden parts of the caves, usually in sectors with limited capacity to accommodate people, which would be consistent with a system of restricted communication.
Metal fused filament fabrication of the nickel-base superalloy IN 718
Authors: Thompson Yvonne , Zissel Kai , Förner Andreas , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Joamin , Kukla Christian , Neumeier Steffen , Felfer Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study demonstrates metal fused filament fabrication (MF3) as an alternative additive and highly flexible manufacturing method for free-form fabrication of high-performance alloys. This novel processing, which is similar to Metal injection molding (MIM), enables a significant reduction in manufacturing costs for complex geometries, since expensive machining can be avoided. Utilizing existing equipment and reducing material expense, MF3 can pave the way for new and low-cost applications of IN 718, which were previously limited by high manufacturing costs. Iterative process optimization is used to find the most suitable MF3 process parameters. High relative density above 97% after pressureless sintering can be achieved if temperature profiles and atmospheres are well adjusted for thermal debinding and sintering. In this study, the influence of processing parameters on the resulting microstructure of MF3 IN 718 is investigated. Samples sintered in vacuum show coarse-grained microstructure with an area fraction of 0.36% NbC at grain boundaries. Morphology and composition of formed precipitates are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. The γ/γ″/γ′ phases’ characteristics for IN 718 were identified. Conventional heat treatment is applied for further tailoring of mechanical properties like hardness, toughness and creep behavior. Fabricated samples achieve mechanical properties similar to MIM IN 718 presented in literature.
Graphical abstract
Coupled Variational Inequalities: Existence, Stability and Optimal Control
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Yang Xinmin , Zeng Shengda , Zhao Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and investigate a new kind of coupled systems, called coupled variational inequalities, which consist of two elliptic mixed variational inequalities on Banach spaces. Under general assumptions, by employing Kakutani-Ky Fan fixed point theorem combined with Minty technique, we prove that the set of solutions for the coupled variational inequality (CVI, for short) under consideration is nonempty and weak compact. Then, two uniqueness theorems are delivered via using the monotonicity arguments, and a stability result for the solutions of CVI is proposed, through the perturbations of duality mappings. Furthermore, an optimal control problem governed by CVI is introduced, and a solvability result for the optimal control problem is established. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results, we study a coupled elliptic mixed boundary value system with nonlocal effect and multivalued boundary conditions, and a feedback control problem involving a least energy condition with respect to the control variable, respectively.
Trajectories of Symptom Change in School-Based Prevention Programs for Adolescent Girls with Subclinical Depression
Authors: Bossenbroek Rineke , Poppelaars Marlou , Creemers Daan H. M. , Stikkelbroek Yvonne , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEffectiveness research on depression prevention usually compares pre- to post-intervention outcomes across groups, but this aggregation across individuals may mask heterogeneity in symptom change trajectories. Hence, this study aimed to identify subgroups of adolescents with unique trajectories of change in a school-based depression prevention trial. It was also examined how trajectory membership was associated with the intervention conditions, depressive symptoms at 12-month follow-up, and baseline predictors. Hundred-ninety adolescent girls (Mage = 13.34; range = 11–16 years) with subclinical depression at screening (M = 57 days before pre-test) were allocated to four conditions: a face-to-face, group-based program (OVK), a computerized, individual program (SPARX), OVK and SPARX combined, and a monitoring control condition. Growth Mixture Modeling was used to identify the distinct trajectories during the intervention period using weekly depressive symptom assessments from pre-test to post-test. Analyses revealed three trajectories of change in the full sample: Moderate-Declining (62.1% of the sample), High-Persistent (31.1%), and Deteriorating-Declining (6.8%) trajectories. Trajectories were unrelated to the intervention conditions and the High-Persistent trajectory had worse outcomes at follow-up. Several baseline factors (depression severity, age, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and self-efficacy) enabled discrimination between trajectories. It is concluded that information about likely trajectory membership may enable (school) clinicians to predict an individual’s intervention response and timely adjust and tailor intervention strategies as needed.
The influence of landscape context on the production of cultural ecosystem services
Authors: Zoeller Kim C. , Gurney Georgina G. , Cumming Graeme S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context
Recent efforts to apply sustainability concepts to entire landscapes have seen increasing interest in approaches that connect socioeconomic and biophysical systems. Evaluating these connections through a cultural ecosystem services lens clarifies how different spatiotemporal scales and levels of organisation influence the production of cultural benefits. Currently, however, the effects of multi-level and multi-scale ecological variation on the production of cultural benefits have not yet been disentangled.

Objectives
To quantify the amount of variation in cultural ecosystem service provision by birds to birders that is due to landscape-level attributes.

Methods
We used data from 293 birding routes and 101 different birders in South African National Parks to explore the general relationships between birder responses to bird species and environmental conditions, bird-related observations, the biophysical attributes of the landscape and their effect on bird-related cultural benefits.

Results
Biophysical attributes (particularly biome, vegetation type, and variance in elevation) significantly increased the percentage of variance explained in birder benefits from 57 to 65%, demonstrating that birder benefits are derived from multi-level (birds to ecosystems) and multi-scale (site to landscape) social and ecological interactions.

Conclusions
Landscape attributes influence people’s perceptions of cultural ecosystem service provision by individual species. Recognition of the complex, localised and inextricable linkage of cultural ecosystem services to biophysical attributes can improve our understanding of the landscape characteristics that affect the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services.
Specific predictors of length and frequency effects in German beginning readers: testing component processes of sublexical and lexical reading in the DRC
Authors: Hasenäcker Jana , Schroeder Sascha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReading a word requires several component processes. The dual route cascaded (DRC) model provides a characterization of these component processes and their involvement in different reading routes. We tested how relevant precursor skills associated with these component processes predict the use of the sublexical and lexical route in beginning readers of a transparent orthography. More than 100 German first graders performed a battery of tasks tapping into precursor skills associated with the DRC components. Using factor analysis, we first verified that the tasks can be attributed to three sets of skills, capturing visual, sublexical, and lexico-semantic components, as the DRC suggests. We then used these sets of skills to predict differences in the reliance on sublexical and lexical reading in second grade as indicated by length and frequency effects. Results show that the set of sublexical skills in first grade especially predicts differences in the recognition of long frequent words at the end of second grade, whereas the set of lexico-semantic skills predicts differences in the reading of long infrequent words. The findings corroborate the attribution of specific precursor skills to the sublexical and lexical route and reveal their distinct impact on sublexical and lexical reading in beginning readers. The work thus empirically informs the developmental version of the DRC, especially regarding variability in trajectories of reading acquisition.