bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment study and numerical simulation of hydrogen-air mixture combustion
Authors: Zhai S , Hu P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, hydrogen-air mixture combustion test was carried out with a cylindrical tank which has a diameter of 2 m and a height of 4 m. The ignitor was located at the lower part of the tank and the volume fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas was 4.33 %, 5.17 %, 7.38 % and 10.02 % respectively. The computational fluid dynamics software Gasflow is used to simulate the experiment. The changes of pressure, gas temperature and hydrogen concentration in the tank after gas ignition were explored. The results show that when the volume fraction of hydrogen is less than 4 % cannot be ignited. When the volume fraction is above 8 %, hydrogen is consumed completely and the temperature and pressure increase significantly. In the process of combustion, the flame propagates upwards and sideways at the same time, but the upward propagation speed is obviously faster. The upward propagation speed of flame is 0.81 m/s when hydrogen concentration is 5.17 %, 7.38 % is 1.31 m/s, and 10.02 % is 2.63 m/s. The horizontal speed of flame is 0.08 m/s, 0.39 m/s and 0.62 m/s respectively.
Quantifying the impacts of clean cooking transitions on future health-age trajectories in South Africa
Authors: Aktas Arda , Poblete-Cazenave Miguel , Pachauri Shonali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reliance on highly polluting cooking technologies poses a significant risk for human health. This study quantifies and compares the impact of different clean cooking access scenarios on future health-age trajectories among population subgroups in South Africa. Using microdata from five waves of the South African National Income Dynamics Study, we develop a dynamic microsimulation model and a composite metric of individual health status that is used to explore how health status changes under alternative access scenarios for the period 2010–2030. We find that there are clear gains of using clean cooking technologies for population health, and that electrification alone does not improve health status, if it is not accompanied by an increase in the use of clean cooking technologies in homes. Our results imply that achieving universal access to clean cooking in South Africa can by itself improve average population health by almost 4% by 2030 compared to a scenario without clean cooking technologies, with the health of individuals of genders and races with the poorest health and well-being endowments improving the most. Thus, clean cooking can contribute to narrowing existing inequalities by improving health for the most vulnerable population groups that disproportionately depend on polluting cooking technologies.
Effect of cement paste distribution on pervious concrete with varying water-to-cement ratios and aggregate sizes
Authors: Canseco-Tuñacao H A R , Oraya A F A , Chia J A , Fruto N G , Mendoza S C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To date, there is no defined criterion for measuring the compressive strength of PC due to the variation of voids present. This study introduced an alternative approach which investigates the cement paste distribution expecting to produce a mix that forms a uniform paste distribution. The experiments were carried out through two different aggregate sizes and five different water-to-cement (W/C) ratio design mixes while maintaining a constant aggregate-tobinder ratio. The control specimen with a W/C ratio of 0.33 was used for both aggregate size mix designs. A wax coating method to determine specific surface area of aggregate developed by L. Xiao et al. was utilized in cement paste distribution computations. The data from the cement paste distribution tests indicated that varying W/C ratios had no significance on cement distribution. However, results showed that the 3/8” mix series with higher specific aggregate surface area resulted to a more well distributed and thinner cement paste thickness. The results from the compression and permeability tests showed that these two functional properties are inversely proportional. The W/C ratio that provided balance between strength and permeability while having uniform cement paste distribution is between 0.33 to 0.36 for both aggregate sizes.
Safe Construction And Visual Pollution Of Billboards Along Main Street
Authors: Andjarsari Sophia , Tutut Subadyo A. , Bonifacius Nurhamdoko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The installation of billboard building construction, especially along main urban roads, is not the same as building construction such as residential buildings, warehouses and others. There are several things that need to be considered both from the aspect of construction safety and environmental appearance, so it is necessary to assess the condition of the billboard installed. The failure to build billboards can cause collapse. This happens because planning activities are not carried out according to technical standards, supervision during installation and continuous maintenance. Billboards installed along the road can also affect the aesthetics of the environment. Many billboards are attached which causes visual pollution. Visual pollution assessment can be done through the AHP-based SBE method. In addition to the SBE method, a combination of SWOT, AHP and QSPM methods can also be carried out. The findings from the assessment obtained can be immediately evaluated and follow-up steps in an effort to build cities and settlements that are inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable according to the 11th goal of the SDG’s.
One-Way Flow System Water Quality Modelling of Terantang Reclamation Channel
Authors: Riduan Rony , Miftahul Khair Riza , Gianina Lovina , Istiqlal Hasibuan M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The implementation of reclamation process in wetland has encountered some obstacles, such as the occurrence of pyrite oxidation, sedimentation, and accumulation of toxic materials, especially the concentration of Fe (iron) in the channel. The condition of the reclamation channel which is influenced by tidal events and environmental factors causes the dynamics of Fe concentration to be strongly influenced by hydrodynamic aspects and its interaction with dissolved and suspended particulates. An accurate model will be useful as a tool to evaluate alternative management of water systems to overcome the problem of Fe concentration accumulation in the tidal wetland reclamation channel. Fe fate and transport were modeled using a numerical model of hydrodynamics and water quality EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code). The partition process separates the metal fraction into two phases (dissolved and solid), which is related to the value of the partition coefficient (Kp). The application of the partition process is considered to have a significant influence on the accuracy of the estimated Fe concentration. The simulation results of the model with the partition coefficient approach have better accuracy than the conventional model which tends to be over-predicted compared to the observation data. Simulation of one-way flow system shows a decrease of Fe concentration in the channel by an average of 52.9% compared to two-ways flow system. The application of one-way flow system is possible through the placement of flap gates that will direct the flow to the drainage channels.
Analysis of Potential Utilization of Landfill Materials (Case Study: Sumur Batu Landfill, Bekasi)
Authors: Made Wahyu Widyarsana I , Ameliya Tambunan Suci 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the efforts to overcome the critical problem of land usage for landfill and regenerate waste is to reuse the expired landfill after managing them. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential utilization of waste from landfill mining activities. At 15 sample depth points in zone 1 of Sumur Batu Landfill from 2004-2007 waste, the composition of mining landfill waste consists of 29% soil/organic fraction; 25% other waste; 23% plastic; 11% overburden; 5% diaper waste; 2% cloth; 2% wood; 1% glass; 1% rubber; and 1% metal. The particle size of the landfill waste has a diameter distribution of >38.1 mm to <2mm which is almost evenly distributed with values ranging from 9-20%. The calorific value of combustible waste is 3, 569.47 kcal/kg. The chemical characteristics of the landfill soil mining fraction consisted of C-Organic 29.55%, NTK 0.65%, C/N 29.59, and Total-P 22.84%. Dosage variation of landfill mining soil fraction as a planting medium with soil used for research, respectively 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6, and soil with Bokham compost as control. The use of landfill soil fraction as a planting medium with 3 types of soil, namely clay, laterite, and acid clay causes a decrease in the growth of mung beans (Vignaradiata L.). However, the 1:4 landfill soil fraction dose gave a positive response to the physiological observations of plants compared to the other two doses of variation. The potential for landfill waste is 100, 000 tons, the total cost of landfill mining activities is Rp. 25, 829, 996, 775, and the total benefits of landfill mining activities are Rp.26, 347, 223, 544, with the use of combustible waste to produce electricity and/or heat using an incinerator, the benefit ratio value is 1.02 which is means that the activities of the Zone 1 of Sumur Batu Landfill is feasible to carry out. Based on these data, with organic waste as the dominant waste in the Sumur Batu Landfill, the best possibility in utilizing waste is to use the waste as soil fertilizer.
Direct and indirect engagement of dendritic cell function by antibodies developed for cancer therapy
Authors: Corogeanu Diana , Diebold Sandra S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are crucial for the priming of T cells and thereby influence adaptive immune responses. Hence, they also represent important players in shaping anti-tumour immune responses. Cancer immunotherapy has been driven over many years by the aim to harness the T-cell stimulatory activity of these crucial antigen-presenting cells (APC). Efficient antigen delivery alone is not sufficient for full engagement of the T-cell stimulatory activity of DC and the inclusion of adjuvants triggering appropriate DC activation is essential to ensure effective anti-tumour immunity induction. While the direct engagement of DC function is a powerful tool for tumour immunotherapy, many therapeutic antibodies, such as antibodies directed against tumour-associated antigens (TAA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been shown to engage DC function indirectly. The induction of anti-tumour immune responses by TAA-targeting and immune checkpoint inhibitory antibodies is thought to be integral to their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the immunotherapeutic antibodies in the context of cancer immunotherapy, that has been demonstrated to directly or indirectly engage DC and discuss the current understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying anti-tumour immunity induction by these antibody therapies. In the future, the combination of therapeutic strategies that engage DC function directly and/or indirectly with strategies that allow tumour infiltrating immune effector cells to exert their anti-tumour activity in the tumour microenvironment (TME) may be key for the successful treatment of cancer patients currently not responding to immunotherapeutic antibody treatment.
Pain Characteristics in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hardy Pierre-Yves , Fikri Jalal , Libbrecht Dominique , Louis Edouard , Joris Jean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The abdominal pain common in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients is traditionally associated with inflammation but may persist during clinical remission. Central sensitization [CS] has not previously been explored in these patients. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of pain in IBD patients and to specify pain characteristics with particular attention to CS.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 200 patients; 67% had Crohn’s disease [CD]. Pain was assessed using the McGill questionnaire, using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 [DN4] questionnaire and by clinical examination. Its impacts on quality of life, depression and anxiety were also assessed.

Results
Three-quarters of IBD patients complained of pain, including intermittent pain attacks, 62% reported abdominal pain and 17.5% had CS. The prevalence of pain [83.6% vs 59.1%; p &lt; 0.001] and abdominal pain [68.7% vs 48.5%; p = 0.006] was higher in CD patients than in ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age [p = 0.02], sex [female] [p = 0.004] and CD [p = 0.005] were independent risk factors for pain. Pain intensity was greater in the case of CS (6 [5–3] vs 3 [1.5–5], p &lt; 0.003) which significantly impaired quality of life [p &lt; 0.003] compared with pain without CS.

Conclusions
The prevalence of pain was high in IBD patients [≈75%] and higher in CD patients. Significant impacts on quality of life were confirmed. More than 25% of patients with abdominal pain described CS as responsible for more severe pain and worsened quality of life.

Trial registration ref
NCT04488146
A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris
Authors: Ryu Taewoo , Herrera Marcela , Moore Billy , Izumiyama Michael , Kawai Erina , Laudet Vincent , Ravasi Timothy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The false clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is a popular fish species and an emerging model organism for studying the ecology, evolution, adaptation, and developmental biology of reef fishes. Despite this, high-quality genomic resources for this species are scarce, hindering advanced genomic analyses. Leveraging the power of PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C chromosome conformation capture techniques, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly for the clownfish A. ocellaris. The initial genome assembly comprised of 1,551 contigs of 861.42 Mb, with an N50 of 863.85 kb. Hi-C scaffolding of the genome resulted in 24 chromosomes containing 856.61 Mb. The genome was annotated with 26,797 protein-coding genes and had 96.62% completeness of conserved actinopterygian genes, making this genome the most complete and high quality among published anemonefish genomes. Transcriptomic analysis identified tissue-specific gene expression patterns, with the brain and optic lobe having the largest number of expressed genes. Further, comparative genomic analysis revealed 91 genome elements conserved only in A. ocellaris and its sister species Amphiprion percula, and not in other anemonefish species. These elements are close to genes that are involved in various nervous system functions and exhibited distinct expression patterns in brain tissue, potentially highlighting the genetic toolkits involved in lineage-specific divergence and behaviors of the clownfish branch. Overall, our study provides the highest quality A. ocellaris genome assembly and annotation to date, whilst also providing a valuable resource for understanding the ecology and evolution of reef fishes.
Integrated Pest Management Data for Regulation, Research, and Education: Crop Profiles and Pest Management Strategic Plans
Authors: Boudwin Robin , Magarey Roger , Jess Lynnae 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crop Profiles and Pest Management Strategic Plans are two sources of data that describe current and historical pest management practices for settings (e.g., agricultural commodities, schools, specialty crops, etc.) in the United States and territories. The development of documents began in 1998 as a response to the Food Quality Protection Act to ensure the collection of required data for the registration of pesticides. These documents are primary sources for government agencies, growers, crop consultants, and scientific researchers to understand and communicate production practices and issues. The documents include crop settings, priorities, worker activities, production practices, locations, pollinator protection, pests, beneficials, controls (biological, cultural, physical, and chemical), efficacy, resistance management, ecotoxicity, and timelines. Stakeholders can access these documents through the National IPM Database. The database includes functionality to develop and edit documents as well as Application Programming Interfaces to add data to the Crop Profile and Pest Management Strategic Plan documents. Current Application Programming Interface partnerships are with Bugwood and the National Pesticide Information Center. The document creation and Pest Management Strategic Plan workshop process with federal and state regulators, IR-4, state Extension professionals, industry, and grower participants is described. Potential future development of the National IPM Database is to serve as a repository for grower production guides. In conclusion, the accurate and up-to-date Integrated Pest Management data are a vital input in the regulatory process for the review of existing critical pesticides and the registration of safer alternatives.
Metabolomics: A New Tool to Reveal the Nature of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Huang Guoqing , Li Mingcai , Li Yan , Mao Yushan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metabolomics is a field of systems biology that draws on the scientific methods of other groups to qualitatively or quantitatively characterize small molecule metabolites in organisms, revealing their interconnections with the state of the organism at an overall relative macroscopic level. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well known as a chronic metabolic disease, and metabolomics provides an excellent platform for its clinical study. A growing number of metabolomic analyses have revealed that individuals with DKD have metabolic disturbances of multiple substances in their bodies. With the continuous development and improvement of metabolomic analysis technology, the application of metabolomics in the clinical research of DKD is also expanding. This review discusses the recent progress of metabolomics in the early diagnosis, disease prognosis, and pathogenesis of DKD at the level of small molecule metabolites in vivo.
Follow the Solo: The Formal Evolution of the Concerto in the Eighteenth-Century
Authors: Maliniak Omer , Greenberg Yoel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the evolution of the form of the first movement in the eighteenth-century concerto from the Baroque ritornello plan to the eighteenth-century Classical concerto by means of a statistical corpus study. Our data yields a more nuanced understanding of several key characteristics of this evolution, characteristics that have been observed by both contemporary and present-day theorists. We demonstrate how the rise in both quantity and thematic quality of the soloist’s part enabled the convergence of ritornello practices with sonata-form features. We conclude with analytical case studies of works by C. P. E. Bach and Josef Mysliveček, showing how their formal solutions fit within this evolutionary process.
PGI score: prospective validation and correlation with SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores for predicting outcomes in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning
Authors: Pannu A K , Jhuria L , Bhalla A , Sharma N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
We recently derived a simplified 3-point PGI score (representing blood pH &lt; 7.25, Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score &lt; 13, and impaired systolic blood pressure [SBP] &lt; 90 mm Hg), which accurately predicted in-hospital case fatality ratio (CFR) in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning. The present study aimed to validate the PGI score and compare it with Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II scores.

Patients and Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study in adult patients with aluminum phosphide ingestion admitted in PGIMER, Chandigarh (India), from April 2013 to August 2014. A univariant analysis detected the association of various baseline variables with CFR. Correlation of the PGI score with SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores was performed using Spearman’s correlation (rs, range −1 to +1) and scatter plots.

Results
Seventy-six patients were enrolled (mean age, 28.3 years; 41 males). CFR was 60.5%. PGI score variables—pH, GCS, and impaired SBP predicted CFR (P-value &lt;0.001). Among patients with a total PGI score of 3 or 2, 100% died, compared with 50% in score 1 and 10.7% in score 0. Baseline PGI, SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores predicted CFR (P-value &lt;0.001). There was a positive correlation between the PGI score and SOFA score (rs, 0.855), SAPS-II score (rs, 0.861), and APACHE-II score (rs, 0.883). The P-value for all rs values was &lt;0.001.

Conclusion
The PGI score is a validated toxidrome-specific and simplified risk-stratification tool. Validation in other populations is warranted to confirm its routine use.
Close-Range Thermography and Reflectance Spectroscopy Support In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates from Mango Fruits
Authors: Gómez-Caro Sandra , Mendoza-Vargas Luis Alberto , Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , Burbano-David Diana , Soto-Suárez Mauricio , Melgarejo Luz Marina 
Published: March 2022

Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in mango is known for its variable virulence that may have an effect on disease development and efficacy of management strategies. In this study, we characterized Colletotrichum spp. isolated from mango fruits under in vitro and in vivo conditions using close-range thermography and reflectance spectroscopy. Twenty-six isolates were phylogenetically characterized to ascertain species using the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Virulence, spectral (in vivo and in vitro), and thermographic responses (in vivo) of these isolates were analyzed. Isolates were grouped into the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and classified into eight morphotypes. Mycelial growth, conidia production, sporulation abundance, and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied largely among isolates. Disease symptoms were observed 4 days after inoculation (dai), and, for most morphotypes, changes in tissue temperature were registered at 11 dai, with the greatest decrease at 14 dai with pathogen sporulation. In vitro and in vivo morphotypes shared changes in the spectrum range, and main variations were found in the number of informative spectral bands. In vivo average gross reflectance was higher in disease-inoculated tissue than in healthy uninoculated tissue. Morphotype responses varied depending on AUDPC values and postinoculation time. Discriminant analysis of the spectral response using principal component analysis and partial least squares regression explained 94 to 96.3 and 98 to 99.9% of the variance from in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively. Spectral markers were obtained for four distinct morphotype groups. We found three (550 to 650, 650.1 to 790, and 1,300 to 1,400 nm) and two (520 to 830 and 1,100 to 1,450 nm) regions with highly (P < 0.05) discriminant spectral bands for diseased fruits and morphotype characterization.