bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the correlation between destination distribution and urban built environment from taxi GPS data
Authors: Liu Fang , Bi Wei , Tang Jinjun , Hao Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExploring the relationship between travel destinations and urban built environments can help to conduct reasonable measurements in urban transportation planning. Destination distribution is affected by various factors, and quantitative description of the spatial effects is a challenge in factor correlation analysis. In this study, inhomogeneous Poisson point processes are proposed to model the correlation between destination distribution and related categories of variables, including land use, trip origin distribution, demographic information, and transport networks. First, five models based on inhomogeneous Poisson point processes are constructed, considering different combinations of variables. Second, diagnostic methods, including the G‐function, smoothed residuals, and parameter influence function, are applied to evaluate the models' performance. Finally, in experiments, the taxi GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen City, China, are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, in the discussion, the variations of variable coefficients in different time periods (workdays, weekends, and holidays) are analyzed and explained. The results of this study may enhance understanding of the correlation between travel patterns and urban structure.
Multiple follicular abnormalities in a 1‐year old cat consistent with basaloid follicular hamartomas
Authors: Moog Fabien , Demorieux Véronique , Gaide Nicolas , Semin Marie O. , Abadie Jérôme , Zacharopoulou Maria , Marinovic Lucrecija , Delverdier Maxence , Degorce‐Rubiales Frédérique , Cadiergues Marie C. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn humans, basaloid follicular hamartomas are benign follicular tumours, that can be solitary or multiple, in which case they show autosomal dominant inheritance.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis study describes clinical and histopathological findings observed in a young cat, which could be consistent with basaloid follicular hamartomas.Case descriptionMultiple follicular abnormalities, consistent with cutaneous diffuse basaloid follicular hamartomas, were observed in skin samples from a one‐year old neutered domestic short hair cat. Clinical signs were diffuse symmetrical alopecia with exaggerated skin markings (ventral abdomen, thorax and medial aspects of the limbs) and intense follicular‐centred thickening (face and feet). Microscopic lesions were characterised by multiple proliferative follicular abnormalities in all samples. The epidermis showed a very irregular surface with the follicles filled with variably pigmented keratin. The epithelial walls of the follicles had multiple small hyperplastic basaloid cells foci. In the superficial dermis under the epidermis and around the follicles, fibroblastic spindle‐shaped mesenchymal cells with a homogeneous moderate density were present in the collagenous connective tissue. The interfollicular epidermis was also abnormal with multiple small proliferating trichoblastic foci originating from the basal layer. RNAscope testing for feline papillomavirus was negative.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis case report provides the first evidence of clinical and histopathological findings of multiple follicular abnormalities, consistent with cutaneous diffuse basaloid follicular hamartomas in a cat.
Weak D type 42: Antigen density and risk of alloimmunization in the province of Québec
Authors: Morin Pierre‐Aurèle , Perreault Josée , St‐Louis Maryse , Leiva‐Torres Gabriel André , Robitaille Nancy , Trépanier Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA high proportion of suspected weak D patients referred to Héma‐Québec were genotyped as weak D type 42 (368/2105, 17.5%). These patients are currently considered D with regard to RhD immunoprophylaxis in pregnancy and transfusion. The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the risk of alloimmunization in weak D type 42 patients and to characterize their RhD surface molecule expression on red blood cells (RBCs) in comparison to other weak D types (1, 2 and 3).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis using the weak D type 42 patients' medical data to verify potential anti‐D alloimmunization events was conducted. Quantitative analyses using flow cytometry were also performed on RBCs to quantify the cell surface density of the D antigen.ResultsData on 215 subjects with weak D type 42 were reviewed. None developed immune allo‐anti‐D; three had definite exposure to D+ red cells and 41 had possible exposure through pregnancy. Flow cytometry analysis showed that weak D types 1, 2, 3 and 42 had relative antigen densities of 2.7%, 2.2%, 8.1% and 3.6%, respectively, with R1R2 red cells referencing 100% density. The estimated antigen density range of weak D type 42 was 819–1104 sites per RBC.ConclusionOur retrospective alloimmunization data analysis and antigen density study establish a basis for the consideration of a weak D type 42 individual as D+. This consideration would allow for a targeted reduction of RhD immunoprophylaxis in pregnancy and the unjustified use of D– units for transfusion.
Physiological aspects of pig kidney xenotransplantation and implications for management following transplant
Authors: Hansen‐Estruch Christophe , Cooper David K.C. , Judd Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuccessful organ transplantation between species is now possible, using genetic modifications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the differences and similarities in kidney function between humans, primates, and pigs, in preparation for pig‐allograft to human xenotransplantation. The kidney, as the principal defender of body homeostasis, acts as a sensor, effector, and regulator of physiologic feedback systems. Considerations are made for anticipated effects on each system when a pig kidney is placed into a human recipient. Discussion topics include anatomy, global kidney function, sodium and water handling, kidney hormone production and response to circulating hormones, acid–base balance, and calcium and phosphorus handling. Based on available data, pig kidneys are anticipated to be compatible with human physiology, despite a few barriers.
Tectonic burial of sedimentary rocks drives the building of juvenile crust of magmatic arc
Authors: Qin Sheng-Kai , Zhang Ze-Ming , Palin Richard M. , Ding Hui-Xia , Dong Xin , Tian Zuo-Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContinental arcs grow primarily by addition of mantle-derived magmas, thus forming juvenile crust, although geophysical evidence, alongside field investigation of exhumed terranes, show that supracrustal rocks are common components of the lower portions of continental arcs. The mechanisms by which metasedimentary rocks are transported to the deep arc crusts and their contributions to the juvenile arc crusts are ambiguous. Here, we conduct a systematic petrological, geochronological, and geochemical study of pelitic migmatites within Late Cretaceous meta-gabbros from the lower crust of the eastern Gangdese arc, southern Tibet. Our results show that the pelitic migmatites were derived from the Late Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the upper arc crust, have significantly enriched Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic compositions, and underwent Late Cretaceous (95–80 Ma) high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism and partial melting at ~850 °C and 15 kbar to generate voluminous granitic melts. This indicates that the eastern Gangdese arc underwent significant crustal thickening and chemical differentiation during the final stages of subduction of the Neo-Tethys. We suggest that the metasedimentary rocks were transported into the lower crust of the Gangdese arc by underthrusting of arc crust and accretion of mantle-derived magma, and the deeply buried supracrustal rocks altered the petrological constitution and chemical compositions of juvenile lower arc crust, and assimilated the mantle- and juvenile crust-derived melts. We propose that tectonic burial of sedimentary rocks is a key mechanism driving the building and reworking of juvenile crust of magmatic arcs throughout most of geological time.
Ontogenic Changes in Coloration of Rare Deepwater Richardson’s Ray Bathyraja richardsoni (Arhynchobatidae, Rajiformes, Chondrichthyes)
Authors: Orlov A. M. , Rabazanov N. I. , Nikiforov A. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The features of the coloration of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the rare deep-sea Richardson’s ray Bathyraja richardsoni (Arhynchobatidae) in the length range from 14 to 146 cm have been studied and its ontogenetic changes have been traced. New data on the coloration of embryos, immature, maturing, and sexually mature individuals are presented. It is shown that variations in the coloration of the dorsal surface are insignificant, while the coloration of the ventral surface can vary significantly. The data obtained can be used in taxonomic and population studies, in the development of keys for species identification, in the preparation of faunal overviews and field guides, to facilitate understanding the features of coloration and its changes in deep-sea animals living in permanent darkness, and to expand knowledge about certain aspects of macro- and microevolution of deep-sea skates.
Association between covid-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and risk of immune mediated neurological events: population based cohort and self-controlled case series analysis
Authors: Li Xintong , Raventós Berta , Roel Elena , Pistillo Andrea , Martinez-Hernandez Eugenia , Delmestri Antonella , Reyes Carlen , Strauss Victoria , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Burn Edward , Duarte-Salles Talita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between covid-19 vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and risk of immune mediated neurological events.DesignPopulation based historical rate comparison study and self-controlled case series analysis.SettingPrimary care records from the United Kingdom, and primary care records from Spain linked to hospital data.Participants8 330 497 people who received at least one dose of covid-19 vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad.26.COV2.S between the rollout of the vaccination campaigns and end of data availability (UK: 9 May 2021; Spain: 30 June 2021). The study sample also comprised a cohort of 735 870 unvaccinated individuals with a first positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test result for SARS-CoV-2 from 1 September 2020, and 14 330 080 participants from the general population.Main outcome measuresOutcomes were incidence of Bell’s palsy, encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and transverse myelitis. Incidence rates were estimated in the 21 days after the first vaccine dose, 90 days after a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, and between 2017 and 2019 for background rates in the general population cohort. Indirectly standardised incidence ratios were estimated. Adjusted incidence rate ratios were estimated from the self-controlled case series.ResultsThe study included 4 376 535 people who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 3 588 318 who received BNT162b2, 244 913 who received mRNA-1273, and 120 731 who received Ad26.CoV.2; 735 870 people with SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 14 330 080 people from the general population. Overall, post-vaccine rates were consistent with expected (background) rates for Bell’s palsy, encephalomyelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Self-controlled case series was conducted only for Bell’s palsy, given limited statistical power, but with no safety signal seen for those vaccinated. Rates were, however, higher than expected after SARS-CoV-2 infection. For example, in the data from the UK, the standardised incidence ratio for Bell’s palsy was 1.33 (1.02 to 1.74), for encephalomyelitis was 6.89 (3.82 to 12.44), and for Guillain-Barré syndrome was 3.53 (1.83 to 6.77). Transverse myelitis was rare (<5 events in all vaccinated cohorts) and could not be analysed.ConclusionsNo safety signal was observed between covid-19 vaccines and the immune mediated neurological events of Bell’s palsy, encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and transverse myelitis. An increased risk of Bell’s palsy, encephalomyelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome was, however, observed for people with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Validation of Visual Analogue Scales of job demand and job control at the workplace: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dutheil Frederic , Pereira Bruno , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Clinchamps Maëlys , Brousses Georges , Dewavrin Samuel , Cornet Thomas , Mermillod Martial , Mondillon Laurie , Baker Julien S , Schmidt Jeannot , Moustafa Farès , Lanhers Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesWork-related stress is a major concern. One of the best performing models is the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) of Karasek, assessing job demand and job control using 18 items. However, the JCQ is long and complex. Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) are easy to use and quick to implement. VASs have been validated to assess pain and occupational stress; however, VASs demand and control have not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to validate the use of VAS demand and control compared with the 18 items of the JCQ.DesignWe implemented a cross-sectional observational study, by administering a self-reported questionnaire to the users of Wittyfit software, with a second test (retest) proposed 1 week later. In addition to JCQ, VAS demand and control, we measured sociodemographic outcomes, as well as characteristics of work, sleep, well-being, stress, depression and anxiety.Participants190 volunteers French workers using WittyFit software participated in the study, and 129 completed the test–retest.ResultsVAS demand and VAS control correlated with the two Karasek domains from the JCQ, respectively, at 0.59 and 0.57 (p<0.001). Test–retest reliability highlighted concordance coefficients higher than 0.70. Sensitivity was higher than 70% for each VAS. External validity was acceptable. For both demand and control, VAS cut-offs were 75/100. Compared with other workers, senior executives and individuals with master’s degrees had higher levels of job control but did not differ in job demand using the VAS and JCQ.ConclusionsVAS demand and VAS control are valid, quick, easy to use, and reliable tools for the assessment of job demand and job control. They can be used in daily clinical practice for primary prevention and diagnosis. However, when results are over 75 mm on VAS, we promote the use of JCQ to be more discriminant and specific to initiate action plans to help workers.Trial registration numberNCT02596737.
Protocol for a prospective, hospital-based registry of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: PregCovid Registry study
Authors: Gajbhiye Rahul K , Mahajan Niraj N , Waghmare Rakesh , Surve Suchitra V , Howal Prashant , Bhurke Aishwarya , Pious Merlin , Modi Deepak N , mahale Smita D 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPregnant women are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to several factors and therefore require special attention. However, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women and their newborns remain uncharted. The PregCovid registry aims to document the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant, postpartum women and their newborns. The aim of the registry is also to determine mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India.Methods and analysisPregCovid is a hospital-based registry for capturing information of pregnant, postpartum women with COVID-19 and their newborns in India. Medical case records of pregnant and postpartum women with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be captured in real-time using an online electronic patient record software. The data analysis will be carried out for symptoms, the severity of COVID-19, pregnancy complications, maternal morbidity and mortality, neonatal complications, mother-to-child transmission, etc. Data analysis will be carried out for different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic for rapid response and developing strategies well in advance to manage pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. The evidence generated from the registry will be regularly shared with the appropriate authorities for policy decisions. Thus, the registry data may be useful for planning the strategies for better management of pregnant women with COVID-19.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committees of all the participating study sites under the Medical Education and Drugs Department, Government of Maharashtra, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai and ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India. The results from this study will be disseminated with local, state, and national health authorities, collaborators and the general population on the study website (https://pregcovid.com) as well as dissemination through scientific meetings and publications.Trial registration numberCTRI/2020/05/025423.
WHO standards-based tools to measure service providers’ and service users’ views on the quality of hospital child care: development and validation in Italy
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Mariani Ilaria , de Melo e Lima Tereza Rebecca , Felici Enrico , Martelossi Stefano , Lubrano Riccardo , Lucarelli Annunziata , Trobia Gian Luca , Cogo Paola , Peri Francesca , Nisticò Daniela , Were Wilson Milton , Baltag Valentina , Muzigaba Moise , Barbi Egidio 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesEvidence showed that, even in high-income countries, children and adolescents may not receive high quality of care (QOC). We describe the development and initial validation, in Italy, of two WHO standards-based questionnaires to conduct an assessment of QOC for children and young adolescents at inpatient level, based on the provider and user perspectives.DesignMultiphase, mixed-methods study.Setting, participants and methodsThe two questionnaires were developed in four phases equally conducted for each tool. Phase 1 which included the prioritisation of the WHO Quality Measures according to predefined criteria and the development of the draft questionnaires. In phase 2 content face validation of the draft questionnaires was assessed among both experts and end-users. In phase 3 the optimised questionnaires were field tested to assess acceptability, perceived utility and comprehensiveness (N=163 end-users). In phase 4 intrarater reliability and internal consistency were evaluated (N=170 and N=301 end-users, respectively).ResultsThe final questionnaires included 150 WHO Quality Measures. Observed face validity was excellent (kappa value of 1). The field test resulted in response rates of 98% and 76% for service users and health providers, respectively. Among respondents, 96.9% service users and 90.4% providers rated the questionnaires as useful, and 86.9% and 93.9%, respectively rated them as comprehensive. Intrarater reliability was good, with Cohen’s kappa values exceeding 0.70. Cronbach alpha values ranged from 0.83 to 0.95, indicating excellent internal consistency.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest these tools developed have good content and face validity, high acceptability and perceived utility, and good intrarater reliability and internal consistency, and therefore could be used in health facilities in Italy and similar contexts. Priority areas for future research include how tools measuring paediatric QOC can be more effectively used to help health professionals provide the best possible care.
Study protocol to quantify the genetic architecture of sonographic cervical length and its relationship to spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Wolf Hope M , Romero Roberto , Strauss Jerome F , Hassan Sonia S , Latendresse Shawn J , Webb Bradley T , Tarca Adi L , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Hsu Chaur-Dong , York Timothy P 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionA short cervix (cervical length <25 mm) in the midtrimester (18–24 weeks) of pregnancy is a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery. Although the biological mechanisms of cervical change during pregnancy have been the subject of extensive investigation, little is known about whether genes influence the length of the cervix, or the extent to which genetic factors contribute to premature cervical shortening. Defining the genetic architecture of cervical length is foundational to understanding the aetiology of a short cervix and its contribution to an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.Methods/analysisThe proposed study is designed to characterise the genetic architecture of cervical length and its genetic relationship to gestational age at delivery in a large cohort of Black/African American women, who are at an increased risk of developing a short cervix and delivering preterm. Repeated measurements of cervical length will be modelled as a longitudinal growth curve, with parameters estimating the initial length of the cervix at the beginning of pregnancy, and its rate of change over time. Genome-wide complex trait analysis methods will be used to estimate the heritability of cervical length growth parameters and their bivariate genetic correlation with gestational age at delivery. Polygenic risk profiling will assess maternal genetic risk for developing a short cervix and subsequently delivering preterm and evaluate the role of cervical length in mediating the relationship between maternal genetic variation and gestational age at delivery.Ethics/disseminationThe proposed analyses will be conducted using deidentified data from participants in an IRB-approved study of longitudinal cervical length who provided blood samples and written informed consent for their use in future genetic research. These analyses are preregistered with the Center for Open Science using the AsPredicted format and the results and genomic summary statistics will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Relationship between social support and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study: a cohort study
Authors: Harding Barbara N , Hawley Caitlin N , Kalinowski Jolaade , Sims Mario , Muntner Paul , Young Bessie A , Heckbert Susan R , Floyd James S 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesSocial support may be an important mitigating factor against adverse cardiovascular outcomes by facilitating health-promoting behaviours or by buffering against the negative effects of stress. This study examined the association of social support with incident hypertension.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWe evaluated the association of social support with incident hypertension among participants in the Jackson Heart Study, a community-based cohort of African Americans.ParticipantsThis study included African American adults, who were free of hypertension at baseline (2000–2004). Functional social support, structural social support and satisfaction with social support were assessed at baseline among 1516, 1240 and 1503 participants, respectively.Outcome measuresIncident hypertension was assessed at follow-up examinations in 2005–2008 and 2009–2013. Incident hypertension was defined by the first visit with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of baseline social support with incident hypertension, adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age of participants was 50 years and 64% were men. During a median follow-up time of 6.9 years, 54% of participants developed hypertension. A high level of functional social support was associated with lower risk of incident hypertension (incident rate ratio 0.64, (95% CI 0.41 to 0.97)), compared with a low level of functional social support. Level of structural social support and satisfaction with social support were not associated with hypertension risk.ConclusionsThese results suggest that greater functional support may be associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension.