Abstract 3004: Novel effect of Selumetinib-mediated autophagy via HSF1 in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ghai Shruti , Young Alex , Su Kuo-Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: K-Ras mutant cancers such as pancreatic cancer are a major cause of cancer-related death and are difficult to treat, with a five-year survival rate of less than 6%. It is reported that oncogenic K-Ras signaling passes through RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Selumetinib (AZD6244) is a selective MEK inhibitor for K-Ras mutant cancers dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and is currently in phase II trials. However, the underlying mechanisms of action are not well known. Autophagy is a self-digest pathway to degrade cellular organelles and macromolecules in maintaining proteome homeostasis, and it is suppressed by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of translation and autophagy. mTOR activity is known to be activated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and negatively regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) MAPK signaling. Autophagy is thought to play protective and suppressive roles in cancer; however, the molecular basis for the relationship between the induction of autophagy and the initiation of pancreatic malignancy is currently unknown. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key transcription factor involved in proteotoxic stress response via protein-folding. HSF1 plays a pro-oncogenic role in the development of cancer by regulating signaling transduction and translation during tumorigenesis. HSF1 is reportedly hyperactive in pancreatic cancers. AZD6244 reportedly decreases HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser326 and HSF1 expression in melanomas and therefore abates cancer development. However, the detailed mechanism by which HSF1 engages in AZD6244-mediated autophagy in K-Ras mutant human pancreatic cancer is not fully understood.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of HSF1 in AZD6244-mediated autophagy in K-Ras mutant human pancreatic cancer.
Methods and Results: AZD6244 induces robust autophagy response in human pancreatic cells with hyperactive K-Ras signaling. Simultaneously, AZD6244 reduces HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser326 and HSF1 expression in human pancreatic cancer cells. Intriguingly, genetic deletion of HSF1 induces autophagy under starvation condition. In addition, AZD6244 induces phosphorylation of AMPK Ser172 and JNK1/2 T183/Y185 and decreases mTORC1 activity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Pharmaceutical inhibition of AMPK or genetic deletion of JNK1/2 prevents AZD6244-induced autophagy. Furthermore, HSF1 knockdown induces phosphorylation of Unc-51-like kinase 1(ULK1) Ser555 and decreases ULK Ser757, which is mediated by AMPK and mTOR, respectively.
Conclusion: HSF1 plays an integral role in Selumetinib-mediated autophagy through AMPK and/or JNK1/2 signaling in K-Ras mutant human pancreatic cancer cells.
Citation Format: Shruti Ghai, Alex Young, Kuo-Hui Su. Novel effect of Selumetinib-mediated autophagy via HSF1 in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3004.