bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Go beyond image-based benign-malignant classification: AI can identify responsible frames better than physicians in breast ultrasound screening videos
Authors: Jiang Yitao , Ye Xiuqin , Liu Yan , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , Wu Huaiyu , Tian Hongtian , Song Di , Yao Jincao , Wang Liping , Sui Wenhai , Huang Sijing , Yang Keen , Chen Jing , Xu Jinfeng , Xu Dong , Dong Fajin , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the world and the single leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Heavy workload and shortage of ultrasound specialists impede the penetration of breast cancer screening. To reduce the burden of sonographers and empower junior physicians, we propose a novel framework FEBrNet by integrating deep learning architecture with the idea of entropy from Information theory. FEBrNet is capable of auto-selecting responsible frames from ultrasound screening videos based on entropy reduce method and classifying breast nodules using Artificial Intelligence (AI). A combination of 13702 images and 1066 videos from breast ultrasound exams are used to train and test the robustness of the proposed framework. Reader studies show that FEBrNet has equivalent or even superior diagnostic performance to that of ultrasound specialists and that overall physician’s performance improves when using FEBrNet's recommended frames and corresponding prediction. Therefore, merging FEBrNet into clinical ultrasound screening workflow might bring actual benefit by helping address the scarcity of sonographers, so as to increase the use of ultrasound screening in cancer prevention.
Comparison of flexion relaxation phenomenon after single-level and multi-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: He Peifeng , Li Dan , Ye Fei , Wang Jianxiong , Zheng Lipeng , He Qiang , Feng Daxiong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background This study aims to assess the influence of the number of fused segments on cervical paravertebral muscles by analyzing the changes of the cervical flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) after single-level and multi-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Methods A total of 28 patients underwent ACDF were included, including 9 cases of 1-level, 12 of 2-level and 7 of 3 or 4-level. The flexion relaxation experiment of cervical erector spinae (CES) muscles was carried out at preoperative 3 days, postoperative 6 months and 12 months by surface electromyography (SEMG). Patients were examined by the neck Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI). C2-7 range of motion (ROM) at flexion and extension was evaluated by X-ray.Results The FRP of all patients with 1-level ACDF was normalized (100%). Only 2/12 patients with 2-level ACDF had normalized FRP at the last follow-up, with increased flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) and decreased normalized SEMG activity than those before surgery. However, all patients with 3 or 4-level had decreased postoperative FRR and increased normalized SEMG activity in each phase. A significant correlation was found between the changes of C2-7 ROM and FRR in three groups.Conclusions 1-level ACDF could normalize the FRP of cervical paravertebral muscles, which was not ideally recovered in patients with 2-level ACDF. However, 3 or 4-level ACDF could aggravate the SEMG activity and worsen the function of cervical paravertebral muscles. Our research strongly supported the passive structures hypothesis.
Reference Intervals of Renal Function Set Established for Healthy Pregnant Women
Authors: Wu Mingyang , Liu Wenen , Xiang Zhongyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
This cross-sectional study aims to explore variation trend of renal function for healthy pregnant women at different gestational age, and to establish RIs of renal function set tests according to trimester of pregnancy.
Methods
A total of 120 healthy pregnant women and 40 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled, divided into early trimester (1-13 weeks of gestation, n=40), second trimester (14-27 weeks of gestation, n=40), third trimester (≥28 weeks of gestation, n=40), and non-pregnant women group (n=40). Analytes of UA, BUN, Cr, β2-MG, Cys-C, RBP, NAG, CO2, HCY, CG, C1q and NGAL were measured using the analytical systems in Second Xiangya Hospital. The RIs were defined using non-parametric 95% intervals.
Results
The RIs for UA, Cr, β2-MG, NAG, CO2, Hcy and C1q were established respectively for the first and second trimester group and the third trimester group, there are huge differences after pregnancy. The RIs for BUN was different for 1-13 weeks and after 14 weeks. There are significant differences for NGAL for pregnant and non-pregnant women but not for Cys-C and RBP.
Conclusion
The RIs for renal function tests in pregnant women were established, thus providing clinical reference intervals for the clinicians.
HPLC and high-throughput sequencing revealed higher tea-leaves quality, soil fertility and microbial community diversity in ancient tea plantations:Compared with modern tea plantations
Authors: Yang Guangrong , Zhou Dapeng , Wan Renyuan , Wang Conglian , Xie Jin , Ma Cunqiang , Li Yongmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAncient tea plantations with an age over 100 years still reserved at Mengku Town in Lincang Region of Yunan Province, China. However, the characteristic of soil chemicophysical properties and microbial ecosystem in the ancient tea plantations and their impact on tea-leaves chemical components remained unclear. Tea-leaves chemical components including amino acids, phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids, and soil chemicophysical properties including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorous (AP) and available potassium (AK), and microbial community structure of modern and ancient tea plantations in five geographic sites (i.e. Bingdao, Baqishan, Banuo, Dongguo and Jiulong) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-throughput sequencing, respectively. ResultsTea-leaves chemical components, soil chemicophysical properties and microbial community structures including bacterial and fungal community abundance and diversity evaluated by Chao 1 and Shannon varied with geographic location and tea plantation type. The ancient tea plantations possessed significantly (P<0.05) higher free amino acids, gallic acid, caffeine and epigallocatechin (EGC) in tea-leaves, as well as soil fertility. The bacterial community structure kept stable, while fungal community abundance and diversity significantly (P<0.05) increased in ancient tea plantation because of higher soil fertility and lower pH. The long-term plantation in natural cultivation way significantly (P<0.05) improved the abundances of Nitrospirota, Methylomirabilota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota phyla. ConclusionsDue to the natural cultivation way, the ancient tea plantations still maintained relatively higher soil fertility and complete soil microbial ecosystem, which contributed to the sustainable development with higher quality in tea-leaves.
On the randomness analysis of link quality prediction: limitations and benefits
Authors: Wenxing Liao , Xiaofei Shi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In wireless multi-hop networks, such as wireless sensor networks, link quality (LQ) is one of the most important metrics and is widely used in higher-layer applications such as routing protocols. An accurate link quality prediction may greatly help to improve the performance of wireless multi-hop networks. Researchers have proposed a lot of link quality prediction models in recent years. However, due to the dynamic and stochastic nature of wireless transmission, the performance of link quality prediction remains challenging. In this article, we mainly analyze the influence of stochastic nature of wireless transmission on link quality prediction model and discuss the benefits in the application of wireless multi-hop networks with the performance- limited link quality prediction models.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure related with serum cytokine in epilepsy patients
Authors: Shin Hye-Rim , Chu Kon , Lee Woo-Jin , Lee Han Sang , Kim Eun Young , Son Hyoshin , Moon Jangsup , Kim Narae , Jung Ki-Young , Jung Keun-Hwa , Lee Soon-Tae , Park Kyung-Il , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to epileptogenesis and ictogensis. Various signals of neuroinflammation lead to neuronal hyper-excitabilty. Since an interplay between epilepsy, psychiatric comorbidities and neuroinflammation has been suggested, we explored psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy patients, and the relationship with neuroinflammation. We screened epilepsy patients who were admitted for video-EEG monitoring between July 2019 and December 2020. Enrolled patients were asked to respond to neuropsychiatric questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q)) on admission. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL2, and CCL5) were measured by ELISA on admission, and within 6 hours after a seizure. We enrolled 134 patients, and 32 patients (23.9%) had seizures during monitoring. Cytokine levels did not change after seizures, but IL-2 and IL-6 increased in cases of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The HADS-A score was lower in Q4 of CCL5 (p-value = 0.016) and anxiety was also less common in Q4 of CCL5 (p-value = 0.042). NPI-Q question 4 (depression) severity was higher in CCL2 (p-value = 0.024). This suggested that psychiatric symptoms may also be related to inflammatory processes in epilepsy patients. Further large, standardized studies are necessary to underpin the inflammatory mechanisms in epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms.
A cross-sectional research study on Impact of covid-19 pandemic era on Pregnant Women sero-positivity for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis?
Authors: Kumar Piyush 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still continue to be a major public health problem globally, affecting the quality of life as well as causing serious morbidity and mortality. STIs have a direct and significant impact on reproductive and child health. They can directly cause infertility, cancers as well as pregnancy complications, and indirectly affects individual economies. The information on the number of PW found to be sero positive for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis is collected from HMIS electronic records of MoHFW, Government of India with key objective to know about the impact of covid-19 era i.e. 2020 and 2021 on prevalence of syphilis by comparing it with the pre pandemic era of 2018 and 2019. I collected sero positivity data for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis across 36 states and union territories of India including all health facilities viz. public, private, rural, urban health facilities. The data is collected, observed and analyzed with Microsoft office software. The total number of pregnancies and deliveries have shown declining trend during pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic era. Year-wise maximum number of syphilis positive pregnant women treated for syphilis were reported in 2021. The average number of babies per month diagnosed with congenital syphilis increased in pandemic era whereas average number of babies per month treated with congenital syphilis decreased in pandemic era. This research study revealed that there is an increasing number trend of following in pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic years: • Number of PW tested using POC test for Syphilis • Out of above, number of PW found sero positive for Syphilis • Number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis • Total pregnant women tested found sero positive for Syphilis by any test
Comparison Between Online Versus Physical Teaching in the Period of Covid-19. A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Effendi Sadia , Bhatti Urooj , Ahmedani Rubina , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Khidri Feriha Fatima , Shaikh Waseemullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare online versus physical teaching in the period of Covid-19.Study design: Comparative cross-sectional studyPlace and duration of study: Anatomy department in collaboration with physiology department, Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from December 2021 to January 2022Methods: In this study,the explanatory and correlational methodology was used. The participants wereMBBS/BDS medical studentsof Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, and the sample size was a convenience sample of 246students. After receiving clearance from the ethical review committee of the university, students were recruited through a mobile app (i.e., WhatsApp). They were invited to complete an anonymous online survey using a Google Form, and all gave their informed consent.Counts with percentages were reported for the best teaching method voted by respondents, advantages, and disadvantages of online and physical teaching methods were also assessed. Opinions were compared across groups using the Pearson Chi-Square test.Results: In the present study there were two hundred forty-six samples surveyed among them 74.8% voted the physical teaching, 12.2% voted for online teaching and 6.5% elected both kinds of teaching methods, whereas 6.5% did not vote for any teaching method as the best teaching method.Conclusion: We concluded that the majority of our students like and favor the physical teaching method as compared to the online teaching method.
Primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions: a comparison between patients with and without chronic pain after total knee replacement
Authors: Wylde Vikki , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Kolovos Spyros , Delmestri Antonella , Howells Nick , Judge Andrew , Gooberman-Hill Rachael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundApproximately 20% of patients experience chronic pain after total knee replacement (TKR). The impact of chronic pain after TKR on primary care services in the UK is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to compare primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions between patients with and without chronic pain after TKR. MethodsData from 5,055 patients who received TKR between 2009-2016 with anonymised linked data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold (CPRD) and English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme were analysed. The exposure time was from 10 years pre-operative to eight years post-operative. Patients with a score ≤14 on the Oxford Knee Score pain component scale at 6 months post-operative were classified as having chronic pain after TKR. Primary care consultations and prescribed pain medicines were quantified, and costs calculated based on national cost data. Results721 patients (14%) had chronic pain after TKR. The prevalence and costs of primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions per year were consistently higher for patients with chronic pain after TKR compared with those without chronic pain after TKR; these differences were observed both before and after surgery. There was a substantial and sustained increase in the cost of opioid prescriptions after surgery for patients with chronic pain after TKR, peaking at seven years post-operative. ConclusionsIncreased primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions associated with chronic pain after TKR represent a considerable financial cost to primary care services. Evaluation of interventions to reduce the risk of developing this pain condition and improve the early management of pain after TKR are needed to improve outcomes for patients and reduce costs to healthcare services.
Impact of green finance on carbon intensity-empirical research based on dynamic spatial Durbin model
Authors: Guo Qiutong , Zhang Hao , Wang Qingsong , Dong Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Green finance is of great significance in improving the ecological environment and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. In order to explore the influence of green finance on carbon intensity, four indicators of green credit, green securities, green insurance and green investment are adopted to construct the green finance development index in this paper. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2019, a dynamic spatial Durbin model is constructed and the method of partial differential matrix is selected to analyze the influence of green finance on carbon intensity in the short and long terms. The empirical results show that (1) the development of green finance in local area has positive effect on the reduction of carbon intensity. (2) with the significant spatial spillover effect on carbon intensity, green finance can reduce the carbon intensity of the adjacent area and promote the development of low-carbon economy. (3) dynamic test results prove that in terms of direct effect and spatial spillover effect, green finance has a greater long-term effect on carbon intensity.
Child Stunting and Economic Outcomes in SAARC Countries: The Empirical Evidence
Authors: Nasser Minnat Seema , Baig Aqeel , Nasser Dawood 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Stunting and its economic consequences are gaining increased awareness. As healthy human capital is the key to higher economic growth in the country, according to UNICEF’s report in 2018, almost 40% of the total stunted population lives in this South Asian region. Because of the long-term implications, this is of great concern to local and international health organizations and agencies.
Method
This study explores the causal relationship between the socio-economic determinants of child stunting prevalence under 5 years of age in SAARC countries by constructing fixed-effect modelling and the two-stage least square (2SLS) model using instrumental variables; urbanization, governance stability index, and rainfall and temperature anomalies with the GDP per capita variable from 1984 to 2018.
Results
The results reveal that both the variables have a significant causal influence on each other. A 10% rise in gross domestic product per capita reduces child stunting to 6%, implying that economic expansion in this region is presumptively pro-poor. A 1% increase in childhood stunting results in a 3.4% drop in the region's current GDP per capita. The results lie under the critical bound at a 1% level of significance.
Conclusion
The study urges the governments of the SAARC countries to adopt pro-poor policies with an effective mechanism for economic growth transition in the targeted area.
Hidden blood loss in minimally invasive surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
Authors: Martin-Gorgojo Victor , Girona Sara Burguet , Donat Sonia Muñoz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the spine prevents the collapse of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) with lower complication and bleeding rates than open surgery. However, the possibility of hidden blood loss (HBL) has been recently described. This study aimed to estimate the postoperative impact of HBL in patients undergoing MIS for OVF.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of a series of patients. Those with pathological fractures, using anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, with severe anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] <9 g/dL), who had received a transfusion before surgery, or with hematological disorders were excluded. A descriptive analysis of recorded variables was performed, and total blood volume (TBV), total bleeding (TB), HBL, and Hb drop were calculated. This was followed by a comparative analysis between HBL and the variables of hospital stay and postoperative evolution.
Results
A total of 40 patients were included, eight men and 32 women, with a mean age of 76.6 years. The mean HBL was 682.5 mL. HBL greater than 500 mL was related to a higher probability of torpid postoperative evolution (p = 0.045) and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.067). A higher HBL was observed in surgeries of greater technical complexity and longer surgical time.
Conclusion
Although MIS techniques have shown less intraoperative bleeding than open surgery, HBL should be diagnosed because it is associated with a torpid evolution. The use of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm may help minimize its impact.
Immediate and 6-Week Effects of Wearing a Knee Sleeve Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics: A Cross-Over Laboratory and Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Sole Gisela , Lamb Peter , Pataky Todd , Pathak Anupa , Klima Stefan , Navarre Pierre , Hammer Niels 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundElastic knee sleeves are often worn following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) but their effects on movement patterns are unclear.AimTo determine the immediate and 6-week effects of wearing a knee sleeve on biomechanics of the knee during a step-down hop task.MethodsUsing a cross-over design, we estimated sagittal plane knee kinematics and kinetics and stance duration during a step-down hop for 31 participants (age 26.0 [SD 6.6] years, 15 women) after ACLR (median 21 months post-surgery) with and without wearing a knee sleeve. In a subsequent randomised clinical trial, participants in the ‘Sleeve Group’ (n=9) then wore the sleeve for 6 weeks at least 1 hour daily, while a ‘Control Group’ (n=9) did not wear the sleeve. We used statistical parametric mapping to compare (1) knee flexion/extension angle and external flexion/extension moment trajectories between three conditions at baseline (uninjured side, unsleeved injured side and sleeved injured side); (2) within-participant changes for knee flexion angles and external flexion/extension moment trajectories from baseline to follow-up between groups. We compared discrete flexion angles and moments, and stance duration between conditions and between groups.ResultsWithout sleeves, knee flexion was lower for the injured than the uninjured sides during mid-stance phase. When wearing the sleeve on the injured side, knee flexion increased during the loading phase of the stance phase. Discrete initial and peak knee flexion angles increased by (mean difference, 95% CIs) 2.7° (1.3, 4.1) and 3.0° (1.2, 4.9), respectively, when wearing the knee sleeve. Knee external flexion moments for the unsleeved injured sides were lower than the uninjured sides for 80% of stance phase, with no change when sleeved. The groups differenced for within-group changes in knee flexion trajectories at follow-up. Discrete knee flexion angles increased for the Control group only. Stance duration decreased by 22% for the Sleeve group from baseline to follow-up (-89 ms; -153, -24) but not for the Controls.ConclusionsApplication of knee sleeves following ACLR is associated with improved knee flexion angles during hop landing training. Longer term (daily) knee sleeve application may help improve hop stance duration, indicating improved hop performance.Trial RegistrationThe trial was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12618001083280, 28/06/2018https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375347&isClinicalTrial=False