bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Among Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme Seen at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Munoz-Casabella Amanda , Wahner-Roedler Dietlind L. , Croghan Ivana T. , Petterson Tanya M. , Fuehrer Debbie L. , Bauer Brent A. 
Published: March 2022

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive and lethal tumors, with a median survival of 12–15 months. Many patients use complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies to supplement their cancer treatment. Objective To determine the prevalence of CIM use and identify the most frequently used types of CIM in a cohort of patients with GBM seen at a tertiary care medical center in the United States. Methods An anonymous survey was mailed through the US Postal Service from August 1, 2019, through February 21, 2020, to patients with GBM. Results A total of 346 surveys were mailed, and 146 responses (42%) were received. The median age of respondents was 61 years (range, 52–68 years), and 85 (58%) were male. Most patients had undergone surgery (90%), chemotherapy (96%), and radiotherapy (95%). The median time from diagnosis of GBM to survey participation was 18 months (range, 12–31 months). Most respondents (81%) used some form of CIM, most frequently meditation (22%), relaxation and other stress management techniques (19%), chiropractic therapy (16%), and acupuncture (12%). Compared with men, women more commonly meditated (32% vs 16%; P = .046) and practiced yoga (20% vs 6%; P = .04). We observed age-based differences, with younger patients more commonly meditating, practicing relaxation and stress management techniques, and receiving chiropractic therapy ( P < .05 for all). Conclusions Providers should encourage patients with GBM to discuss their interest in CIM therapies and guide them to evidence-based treatments that may help improve their quality of life.
Lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells improve erectile function in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury
Authors: Zhang Zhenbin , Nie Pan , Yang Wende , Ma Xiaolei , Chen Zehong , Wei Hongbo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) often occurs due to cavernous nerve injury (CNI) after colorectal surgery. Cell-based therapies have great potential for the treatment of CNI-related ED; however, it needs to be optimised. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effects of lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (L-ADSCs) on CNI-induced ED in rats.

Results
The results of this in vitro study revealed that low-dose lipopolysaccharide could increase the viability of ADSCs, inhibit caspase 3 activation induced by hydrogen peroxide and promote cell migration. Compared with the ADSC supernatant, the L-ADSC supernatant could better reduce fibrosis in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 protein. In the in vivo study, it was compared to ADSCs therapy, where the L-ADSCs therapy indicated that could better improve erectile function by increasing smooth muscle content and alleviating penile fibrosis in rats 2 weeks after CNI. The outcome may be related to the increase in the hepatocyte growth factor content in the corpus cavernosum and myelin basic protein in the major pelvic ganglion.

Conclusions
L-ADSC treatment may be a promising approach for restoring erectile function after CNI.
Identification of critical residues of O-antigen-modifying O-acetyltransferase B (OacB) of Shigella flexneri
Authors: Rajput Munazza I. , Verma Naresh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Shigellosis is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused primarily by the bacterium Shigella flexneri. Upon ingestion, S. flexneri initiates a serotype-specific immune response that targets the O-antigen of the pathogen’s lipopolysaccharide. O-antigen subunits are modified by the addition of chemical moieties, which give rise to new serotypes of S. flexneri. Nineteen different serotypes of S. flexneri have been recognized. A recently identified O-antigen-modifying enzyme, O-acetyltransferase B (OacB), which adds an acetyl residue at either position 3 or 4 of RhamnoseIII (3/4-O-acetylation) in serotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 5a, 7a, Y, and 6 and position 6 of N- acetylglucosamine (6-O-acetylation) in serotypes 2a, 3a, Y and Yv of the O-antigen subunits. Critical residues in other proteins involved in O-antigen modifications such as glucosyltransferases (Gtrs) and acetyltransferase (Oac) of S. flexneri have been identified, whereas identification of important amino acids in OacB function is yet to be determined.

Results
Hydrophobicity analysis showed that OacB is a transmembrane protein with 11 transmembrane segments, 12 loops, and periplasmic N- and cytoplasmic C- termini. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that OacB contains acetyltransferase-3 domain and several conserved residues. Using site-directed mutagenesis, selected amino acids were mutated to alanine to elucidate their role in the mechanism of action of OacB. Seven amino acids R47, H58, F98, W71, R116, R119, and S146 were found critical for the OacB function.

Conclusion
In the absence of a three-dimensional structure of the serotype converting enzyme, O-acetyltransferase B (OacB), a clear role of important residues in the mechanism of action is precluded. Therefore, in this study, using site-directed mutagenesis, seven residues critical to the function of OacB were identified. The lack of agglutination of cell expressing mutant OacB in the presence of the antiserum indicated the functional role of the corresponding residues. Hence, this study provides significant information about key residues in OacB which might be involved in forming the catalytic sites of this O-antigen modifying enzyme of S. flexneri.
Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of CRY gene family in Gossypium
Authors: Huang Chaochen , Li Pengbo , Cao Junfeng , Zheng Zishou , Huang Jinquan , Zhang Xiufang , Shangguan Xiaoxia , Wang Lingjian , Chen Zhiwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The cryptochromes (CRY) are specific blue light receptors of plants and animals, which play crucial roles in physiological processes of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance.

Results
In the present work, a systematic analysis of the CRY gene family was performed on twelve cotton species, resulting in 18, 17, 17, 17, and 17 CRYs identified in five alloteraploid cottons (Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum and G. darwinii), respectively, and five to nine CRY genes in the seven diploid species. Phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding sequences revealed that CRY genes from cottons and Arabidopsis thaliana could be classified into seven clades. Synteny analysis suggested that the homoeolog of G. hirsutum Gh_A02G0384 has undergone an evolutionary loss event in the other four allotetraploid cotton species. Cis-element analysis predicated the possible functions of CRY genes in G. hirsutum. RNA-seq data revealed that Gh_D09G2225, Gh_A09G2012 and Gh_A11G1040 had high expressions in fiber cells of different developmental states. In addition, the expression levels of one (Gh_A03G0120), 15 and nine GhCRY genes were down-regulated following the PEG, NaCl and high-temperature treatments, respectively. For the low-temperature treatment, five GhCRY genes were induced, and five were repressed. These results indicated that most GhCRY genes negatively regulate the abiotic stress treatments.

Conclusion
We report the structures, domains, divergence, synteny, and cis-elements analyses systematically of G. hirsutum CRY genes. Possible biological functions of GhCRY genes in differential tissues as well as in response to abiotic stress during the cotton plant life cycle were predicted.
Genetic analysis reveals three novel QTLs underpinning a butterfly egg-induced hypersensitive response-like cell death in Brassica rapa
Authors: Bassetti Niccolò , Caarls Lotte , Bukovinszkine’Kiss Gabriella , El-Soda Mohamed , van Veen Jeroen , Bouwmeester Klaas , Zwaan Bas J. , Schranz M. Eric , Bonnema Guusje , Fatouros Nina E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) can be severe pests of Brassica crops such as Chinese cabbage, Pak choi (Brassica rapa) or cabbages (B. oleracea). Eggs of Pieris spp. can induce a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death which reduces egg survival in the wild black mustard (B. nigra). Unravelling the genetic basis of this egg-killing trait in Brassica crops could improve crop resistance to herbivory, reducing major crop losses and pesticides use. Here we investigated the genetic architecture of a HR-like cell death induced by P. brassicae eggs in B. rapa.

Results
A germplasm screening of 56 B. rapa accessions, representing the genetic and geographical diversity of a B. rapa core collection, showed phenotypic variation for cell death. An image-based phenotyping protocol was developed to accurately measure size of HR-like cell death and was then used to identify two accessions that consistently showed weak (R-o-18) or strong cell death response (L58). Screening of 160 RILs derived from these two accessions resulted in three novel QTLs for Pieris brassicae-induced cell death on chromosomes A02 (Pbc1), A03 (Pbc2), and A06 (Pbc3). The three QTLs Pbc1–3 contain cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and other genes involved in plant immunity processes, such as ROS accumulation and cell death formation. Synteny analysis with A. thaliana suggested that Pbc1 and Pbc2 are novel QTLs associated with this trait, while Pbc3 also contains an ortholog of LecRK-I.1, a gene of A. thaliana previously associated with cell death induced by a P. brassicae egg extract.

Conclusions
This study provides the first genomic regions associated with the Pieris egg-induced HR-like cell death in a Brassica crop species. It is a step closer towards unravelling the genetic basis of an egg-killing crop resistance trait, paving the way for breeders to further fine-map and validate candidate genes.
An optional surgical technique for obtaining lamellar donor grafts: a pilot study
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Chunyu , Lin Hui , Shao Yuting , Zhang Li , Bi Yanlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the surface quality and thickness uniformity of lamellar donor grafts using an optional surgical technique called reversed manual dissection (RMD) in porcine corneas.

Methods
Twenty-four paired porcine corneas (48 eyes) were numbered 1 to 24 and divided into 6 groups. All left corneas were assigned to conventional manual dissection (CMD), and all right corneas were assigned to RMD. Each group contained 8 corneas. For Groups I, II, and III, 30, 50, and 70% of the entire corneal thickness was dissected using CMD. For groups IV, V, and VI, 70, 50, and 30% of the entire corneal thickness was dissected using RMD. The residual stromal thickness was examined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to assess the thickness uniformity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the surface quality.

Results
The thickness uniformity of the lamellar grafts between each paired group was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The qualitative surface roughness grading (QiSR) evaluated by masked observers through SEM was significantly higher in the RMD groups (p < 0.001). The quantitative surface roughness grading (QnSR) acquired from the Mountains software was significantly lower in the RMD groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
RMD is an optional surgical technique for obtaining porcine lamellar grafts. The thickness uniformity of RMD is comparable to that of CMD, and a smoother surface with fewer ridges and roughness is achieved compared to CMD.
Stronger correlation of peak oxygen uptake with distance of incremental shuttle walk test than 6-min walk test in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chae Ganghee , Ko Eun Jae , Lee Sei Won , Kim Hyun Jung , Kwak Sang Gyu , Park Donghwi , Ra Seung Won 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 6-min walk test (6MWT) and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) are valid and reliable measures to assess exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the comparison of correlation between peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and 6MWT or ISWT distance has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate the correlation between peak VO2and 6MWT and ISWT distances in COPD patients through a meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to June, 2020 for studies comparing the correlation of peak VO2with either 6MWT or ISWT in COPD patients. Meta-analysis was performed with R software using a fixed-effect model. We compared the correlation coefficient and measured the heterogeneity using I2statistics.ResultsWe identified 12 studies involving 746 patients. Meta-analysis showed a significant correlation between peak VO2and 6MWT and ISWT distances (6MWT: r = 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.70; ISWT: r = 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.85;p < 0.0001). The heterogeneity was lower in ISWT than in 6MWT (6MWT: I2 = 56%,p = 0.02; ISWT: I2 = 0%,p = 0.71). Subgroup analysis showed a higher correlation coefficient in the low exercise capacity group than in the high exercise capacity group in both field tests.Conclusions6MWT and ISWT significantly correlated with peak VO2. Our findings suggest that ISWT has a stronger correlation with peak VO2than 6MWT. The exercise capacity in COPD patients may affect the strength of the relationship between peak VO2and walking distance in both field tests, suggesting the importance of using various exercise tests.Trial registrationCRD 42020200139 at crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc chemical constituents
Authors: Kemboi Douglas , Langat Moses K. , Siwe-Noundou Xavier , Krause Rui W. M. , Isaacs Michelle Louise , Tembu Vuyelwa Jacqueline 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Euphorbia grandicornis is widely utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections including sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhoea and for healing of wounds.

Objective
The aim of this work was to isolate and evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activities of Euphorbia grandicornis chemical constituents.

Methods
Chemical constituents were isolated and identified using various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, MS, and NMR. The single point growth inhibitory potential of the compounds was determined using a 96-well plate based assay.

Results
The CH2Cl2 crude extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with percentage growth of 94.90 ± 4.24 and 29.47 ± 4.89 respectively. Hence, the CH2Cl2 crude extract was further subjected to column chromatography which resulted in the isolation of methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (1), n-octyl benzoate (2), friedelanol (3), and germanicol (4) and identification of compounds 12–24 for the first time in the species based on the LC-MS/MS spectroscopic data. The purified compounds (1–4), and previously reported compounds (5–11) were evaluated for antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli, as well as the cytotoxicity effects against HeLa cells. Of the purified compounds, methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (1), was the most active against E.coli and S. aureus with a percentage growth of 19.12 ± 0.65 and 23.32 ± 0.23 respectively. β-amyrin (6), and β-sitosterol (8), were active against S. aureus with percentage growth of 27.17 ± 0.07, and 47.79 ± 2.99 respectively.

Conclusion
The results obtained from this study indicate that E. grandicornis, is a rich source of chemical constituents that may provide new lead compounds for the development of antibacterial agents.
Body mass index and healthcare costs: using genetic variants from the HUNT study as instrumental variables
Authors: Edwards Christina Hansen , Vie Gunnhild Åberge , Kinge Jonas Minet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Past studies have found associations between obesity and healthcare costs, however, these studies have suffered from bias due to omitted variables, reverse causality, and measurement error.

Methods
We used genetic variants related to body mass index (BMI) as instruments for BMI; thereby exploiting the natural randomization of genetic variants that occurs at conception. We used data on measured height and weight, genetic information, and sociodemographic factors from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT), and individual-level registry data on healthcare costs, educational level, registration status, and biological relatives. We studied associations between BMI and general practitioner (GP)-, specialist-, and total healthcare costs in the Norwegian setting using instrumental variable (IV) regressions, and compared our findings with effect estimates from ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. The sensitivity of our findings to underlying IV-assumptions was explored using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods, non-linear analyses, sex-, healthcare provider-, and age-specific analyses, within-family analyses, and outlier removal. We also conducted power calculations to assess the likelihood of detecting an effect given our sample 60,786 individuals.

Results
We found that increased BMI resulted in significantly higher GP costs; however, the IV-based effect estimate was smaller than the OLS-based estimate. We found no evidence of an association between BMI and specialist or total healthcare costs.

Conclusions
Elevated BMI leads to higher GP costs, and more studies are needed to understand the causal mechanisms between BMI and specialist costs.
The cost of post-abortion care (PAC): a systematic review
Authors: Sihaloho Estro Dariatno , Habibie Ibnu , Kamilah Fariza Zahra , Christiani Yodi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the increasing trend of Postabortion Care (PAC) needs and provision, the evidence related to its cost is lacking. This study aims to review the costs of Postabortion Care (PAC) per patient at a national level.

Methods
A systematic review of literature related to PAC cost published in 1994 – October 2020 was performed. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were used to search the literature. Following the title and abstract screening, reporting quality was appraised using the Consolidates Health Economic Evaluation (CHEERS) checklist. PAC costs were extrapolated into US dollars ($US) and international dollars ($I), both in 2019.

Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported direct medical cost per patient in accessing PAC, but only three of them included indirect medical cost. All studies reported either average or range of cost. In terms of range, the highest direct cost of PAC with MVA (Medical Vacuum Aspiration) services can be found in Colombia, between $US50.58–212.47, while the lowest is in Malawi ($US15.2–139.19). The highest direct cost of PAC with D&C (Dilatation and Curettage), services is in El Salvador ($US65.22–240.75), while the lowest is in Bangladesh ($US15.71–103.85). Among two studies providing average indirect cost data, Uganda with $US105.04 has the highest average indirect medical cost, while Rwanda with $US51.44 has the lowest.

Conclusions
Our review shows variability in the cost of PAC across countries. This study depicts a clearer picture of how costly it is for women to access PAC services, although it is still seemingly underestimated. When a study compared the use of UE (Uterine Evacuation) method between MVA and D&C, it is confirmed that MVA treatments tend to have lower costs and potentially reduce a significant cost. Therefore, by looking at both clinical and economic perspectives, improving and strengthening the quality and accessibility of PAC with MVA is a priority.
Cross-ethnic analysis of common gene variants in hemostasis show lopsided representation of global populations in genetic databases
Authors: Osman Abdimajid , Jonasson Jon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA majority of studies reporting human genetic variants were performed in populations of European ancestry whereas other global populations, and particularly many ethnolinguistic groups in other continents, are heavily underrepresented in these studies. To investigate the extent of this disproportionate representation of global populations concerning variants of significance to thrombosis and hemostasis, 845 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and around 34 genes associated with thrombosis and hemostasis and included in the commercial Axiom Precision Medicine Research Array (PMRA) were evaluated, using gene frequencies in 3 African (Somali and Luhya in East Africa, and Yoruba in West Africa) and 14 non-African (admixed American, East Asian, European, South Asian, and sub-groups) populations. Among the populations studied, Europeans were observed to be the best represented population by the hemostatic SNPs included in the PMRA. The European population also presented the largest number of common pharmacogenetic and pathogenic hemostatic variants reported in the ClinVar database. The number of such variants decreased the farther the genetic distance a population was from Europeans, with Yoruba and East Asians presenting the least number of clinically significant hemostatic SNPs in ClinVar while also being the two genetically most distinct populations from Europeans among the populations compared. Current study shows the lopsided representation of global populations as regards to hemostatic genetic variants listed in different commercial SNP arrays, such as the PMRA, and reported in genetic databases while also underlining the importance of inclusion of non-European ethnolinguistic populations in genomics studies designed to discover variants of significance to bleeding and thrombotic disorders.