bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hemodynamic Performance of the Perceval Sutureless Aortic Valve in a Propensity-Matched Comparison to the Carpentier–Edwards Perimount and Perimount Magna Ease Valves for Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kueri Sami , Berger Tim , Puiu Paul-Cătălin , Alhamami Yasir , Diab Nawras , Czerny Martin , Hochholzer Willibald , Siepe Matthias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives The Perceval valve was shown to facilitate minimal-invasive operations and shorten operative times. We aimed to compare the early results of the Perceval valve to those of well-established valves, namely the Carpentier–Edwards Perimount and Perimount Magna Ease valve protheses, in terms of their clinical and hemodynamic performances.
Methods This is a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study. For every patient operated with a Perceval valve, the last patient before and the next following patient receiving a Perimount valve was included in a control group leading to a 2:1 ratio (Perimount:Perceval). A propensity score matching was used and a subgroup analysis was performed to compare early and late Perceval patients as the sizing technique was changed over time.
Results From November 2013 to November 2017, 423 patients were identified. These included 141 consecutive patients receiving a Perceval valve through a full- or a hemi-sternotomy. In addition, 282 patients receiving a Perimount or a Magna Ease valve were enrolled. After propensity score matching, 127 matched patients were compared. Operating times were shorter and postoperative transvalvular pressure gradients were lower in the Perceval group (15 vs. 17 mmHg, p = 0.002). There was no difference in mortality and stroke rates. The incidence of new pacemaker implantations was higher in the Perceval group (7.1 vs. 18.9%, p = 0.005), mainly due to a very high incidence in the early phase of our Perceval experience prior to a change in the Perceval implantation technique. Subgroup analysis showed significantly better results in the late Perceval group.
Conclusion Surgical outcome was good in both groups. The Perceval valve exhibited lower postoperative gradients, and the need for pacemaker implantation was higher and can be reduced by avoiding oversizing.
Outcome of Repeated Resection of Pulmonary Metastases for Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Ehle Benjamin , Le Uyen-Thao , Titze Laurin , Passlick Bernward , Grapatsas Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background To date, many studies investigated results and prognostic factors of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) in renal cell cancer (RCC). However, reports concerning repeated resection for patients with recurrent pulmonary metastases (RPM) are limited. In this study, we analyzed safety, efficacy, and prognostic factors for survival after PM focusing on RPM for RCC.
Patients and Methods Clinical, operative, and follow-up data of patients who underwent PM or RPM for RCC in our institution were retrospectively collected and correlated with each other from January 2005 to December 2019.
Results Altogether 154 oncological pulmonary resections in curative intention as PM or RPM were performed in 82 and 26 patients. Postoperative complications were similar in both groups (n = 22 [26.8%] vs. 4 [15.4%], p = 0.2). Zero mortality was documented up to the 30th postoperative day. RPM was not associated with decreased 5-year-survival compared with PM (66.2 vs. 57,9%, p = 0.5). Patients who underwent RPM for recurrent lung metastases had a better overall survival in comparison with the other treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and best supportive care (p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, disease-free survival was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival (hazard ratio: 0.969, 0.941–0.999, p = 0.04).
Conclusion RPM is a safe and feasible procedure. The resection of recurrent lung metastases shows to prolong survival in comparison with the other therapeutic options for selected patients with RCC.
Homoeopathic Add-On Treatment in Schizophrenia—A Case Report
Authors: Moorthi S. Karunakara , Radhika P. , Pertin Susu , Mohan N. D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling disease which requires lifelong treatment. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment as of now, which are very expensive and known to cause many side effects. It would be favourable if alternative treatment options like homeopathy are brought into limelight in the treatment of schizophrenia. Very sparse literature is available evaluating the utility of individualised homoeopathic medicine in the this condition.Methods A 33-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of schizophrenia and under conventional medication was treated during a period of April 2019 to October 2020. Individualised homoeopathic medicine was prescribed as add-on therapy. Outcomes were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Side effects of antipsychotics were assessed using Glasgow Antipsychotics Side-effects Scale. Modified Naranjo Criteria was used to assess whether the changes were likely to be associated with the homoeopathic intervention.Results A beneficial result was obtained from individualised homoeopathic treatment. The antipsychotic medication was stopped within 9 months of treatment.Conclusion More studies with large sample size are required to provide additional support to this study.
Constructing a neoliberal exclusionary state: the role of far-right populism in economic policy change in post-war Austria
Authors: Ausserladscheider Valentina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow and to what extent does far-right populism impact the nation-specific implementation of neoliberal policymaking? While scholarship convincingly demonstrated the importance of ideas and the political agents propagating neoliberal ideas in policy paradigmatic shifts, there is little investigation of the role that far-right populists play in economic policy change. Exploring the ideational power and impact of far-right populism in neoliberal policymaking provides an important insight into how neoliberal political economies enact nationalist cultural exclusion. The paper traces the process through which the Austrian Freedom Party’s ideational trajectory evolved in post-war Austria and how it impacted the political mainstream. The analysis draws from the party’s discourse in manifestos, interviews, and other publications in the period 1956–2006. The results show how the specific far-right populist actor, the Austrian Freedom Party, played a significant role in rendering neoliberal ideas viable as policy option early on and ultimately constructing the neoliberal exclusionary state. By empirically showcasing how political actors from the fringes of the political spectrum can impact economic policy change, this presents an important contribution to the study of paradigm shifts, which predominantly focused on major national political actors. In light of the recent rise of far-right populism in Europe and beyond, this raises important questions for the continuity and change of the global paradigmatic dominance of neoliberalism.
Quantifying effects of tasks on group performance in social learning
Authors: Yao Gengjun , Wang Jingwei , Cui Baoguo , Ma Yunlong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial learning is a learning process in which new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It is the key to cultural evolution because individuals can exchange profitable information culturally within the group. Recent studies have over-focused on social learning strategies but paid rare attention to the learning tasks. In particular, in these studies, individuals rely on perfect imitation, directly copying the solutions of others, to improve their performance. However, imperfect imitation, a prevalent form of social learning in cultural evolution, has received little discussion. In this paper, the effects of three task features (task types, task complexity, and task granularity) on group performance are simulated with an agent-based model and quantified with decision trees. In the proposed model, individuals in a network learn from others via imperfect imitation, which means individuals make a trade-off between their solutions and socially acquired solutions. Here, status quo bias is introduced to represent the degree to which individuals adhere to their solutions. Results show that the performance of a group is not affected by task complexity in hard-to-easy tasks but declines with the task complexity rising in easy-to-hard tasks. Besides, groups usually perform better in fine-grained tasks than in coarse-grained ones. The main reason is that in coarse-grained tasks, conservative individuals encounter learning bottlenecks that prevent them from exploring superior solutions further. Interestingly, increasing task granularity can mitigate this disadvantage for conservative individuals. Most strikingly, the importance scores given by decision trees suggest that tasks play a decisive role in social learning. These findings provide new insights into social learning and have broad implications for cultural evolution.
Physical fitness and maternal body composition indices during pregnancy and postpartum: the GESTAFIT project
Authors: Marín‐Jiménez Nuria , Flor‐Alemany Marta , Baena‐García Laura , Coll‐Risco Irene , Castro‐Piñero José , Aparicio Virginia A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWe explored the association of physical fitness (PF) during pregnancy with maternal body composition indices along pregnancy and postpartum period. The study comprised 159 pregnant women (32.9 ± 4.7 years old). Assessments were carried out at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks (g.w.) and six weeks postpartum. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength (absolute and relative values) and flexibility were measured. Body composition indices were obtained by using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at postpartum. The results, after adjusting for potential covariates at the 16th g.w., indicated that greater CRF was associated with lower postpartum indices total fat mass, android and gynoid fat mass (all, p < 0.05). Greater absolute upper‐body muscular strength was associated with greater pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG); and postpartum indices body weight, BMI, lean mass, fat free mass, fat mass, gynoid fat mass, T‐score and Z‐score bone mineral density (BMD) (all, p < 0.05). Greater upper‐body flexibility was associated with lower pre‐pregnancy BMI; and postpartum indices body weight, BMI, lean mass, fat free mass, fat mass, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass, and with greater GWG (all, p < 0.05). At the 34th g.w., greater CRF was additionally associated with greater postpartum T‐score and Z‐score BMD (both, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study reveals that greater PF levels, especially during early pregnancy, may promote a better body composition in the postpartum period. Therefore, clinicians and health promoters should encourage women to maintain or improve PF levels from early pregnancy.
Effects of sleep deprivation on perceived and performance fatigability in females: An exploratory study
Authors: Magnuson Justine R. , Kang Hogun J. , Debenham Mathew I. B. , McNeil Chris J. , Dalton Brian H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSleep deprivation (SD) is prevalent and impairs motor function; however, little is known about its effect on perceived and performance fatigability, especially in females. To examine the effects of 24 h of SD on these attributes of fatigue, nine females completed a 20‐min isometric, sustained elbow flexion contraction, followed by 10 min of recovery. The superimposed twitch (SIT) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) assessed supraspinal drive. Biceps brachii electromyographic data indicated neural excitability in response to stimulation over the motor cortex (motor evoked potential; MEP), corticospinal tract (cervicomedullary motor evoked potential; CMEP), and brachial plexus (maximal M‐wave; Mmax). MEPs and CMEPs were recorded during a TMS‐induced silent period. At baseline, ratings of perceived effort (RPE; 2.9 vs. 1.6) and fatigue (RPF; 6.9 vs. 2.9), were higher for SD than control. Across the 20‐min contraction, RPE increased from 2.2 to 7.6, SIT and MEP/CMEP increased by 284 and 474%, respectively, whereas maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque and CMEP/Mmax decreased by 26 and 57%, respectively. No differences were found across conditions for MVC, SIT, Mmax, CMEP/Mmax, or MEP/CMEP prior to, during, and after the fatiguing task. During recovery, RPE (4.9 vs. 3.4), RPF (7.6 vs. 2.8), and perception of task difficulty (5.5 vs. 4.5) were greater for SD than control. Acute SD does not appear to alter performance fatigability development and subsequent recovery; however, it increases perceptions of fatigue, effort, and task difficulty. Thus, the disconnect between perceived and actual neuromuscular capacity following a sustained, submaximal isometric task is exacerbated by SD.
Bidirectional Relations Between Daily Stress and Sleep Among Black Emerging Adults
Authors: Maher Jaclyn P , Batts Marcus , Rebar Amanda L , Mead Michael P , Zaplatosch Mitchell E , Hevel Derek J , Adams William M , McGuirt Jared T 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlack adults experience higher levels of stress and more dysfunctional sleep patterns compared to their White peers, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Dysfunctional sleep patterns are also more likely in emerging adults compared to other age groups. Daily stress–sleep relations in Black emerging adults are understudied.PurposeThis study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wrist-worn actigraphy to examine bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep among Black emerging adults.MethodsBlack college freshmen (N = 50) completed an EMA protocol (i.e., five EMA prompts/day) and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The first EMA prompt of each day assessed sleep duration and quality. All EMA prompts assessed stress. Wrist-worn actigraphy assessed nocturnal sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and waking after sleep onset.ResultsAt the within-person level, stress experienced on a given day was not associated with any sleep metrics that night (p &gt; .05). On evenings when actigraphy-based sleep duration was shorter (B = −0.02, p = .01) and self-reported sleep quality was poorer (B = −0.12, p = .02) than usual, stress was greater the following day. At the between-person level, negative bidirectional relations existed between stress and actigraphy-based waking after sleep onset (stress predicting sleep: B = −0.35, p = .02; sleep predicting stress: B = −0.27, p = .04).ConclusionsAmong Black emerging adults, associations between daily sleep and stress vary at the between- and within-person level and are dependent upon the sleep metric assessed. Future research should compare these relations across different measures of stress and different racial/ethnic groups to better understand health disparities.
Constraining pterosaur launch: range of motion in the pectoral and pelvic girdles of a medium-sized ornithocheiraean pterosaur
Authors: Griffin Benjamin , Martin-Silverstone Elizabeth , Demuth Oliver , Pêgas Rodrigo , Palmer Colin , Rayfield Emily 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Launch is the most energetically expensive part of flight and is considered a limiting factor in the size of modern flyers. Pterosaurs reached significantly larger sizes than modern flyers and are proposed to have launched either bipedallly or quadrupedally. We investigated the ability of a medium-sized ornithocheiraean pterosaur to assume the poses required to launch bipedally or quadrupedally. We applied range of motion (ROM) mapping methodology to the pectoral and pelvic girdles to identify viable poses at varying levels of appendicular cartilage based on the extant phylogenetic bracket. The ROMs were constrained by novel triangulated minimum stretch methodology, used to identify the restraining tissue ROM. Our study indicates that a medium-sized ornithocheiraean could assume the poses required to use a quadrupedal launch and, with an additional 10° of hindlimb abduction, a bipedal launch, although further analysis is required to determine whether sufficient muscular power and leverage was available to propel the animal into the air.
Co-evolution assists geographic dispersal: the case of Madagascar
Authors: Génin Fabien , Mazza Paul Pa , Pellen Romain , Rabineau Marina , Aslanian Daniel , Masters Judith C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterspecific associations may limit the dispersal of individual species, but may also facilitate it when entire co-evolved systems expand their geographic ranges. We tested the recent proposal that episodic land bridges linked Africa and Madagascar at three stages during the Cenozoic by comparing divergence estimates of Madagascar’s angiosperm taxa with their dispersal mechanisms. Plants that rely on gravity for seed dispersal indicate at least two episodes of land connection between Africa and Madagascar, in the Early Palaeocene and Early Oligocene. Seed dispersal by strepsirrhine primates possibly evolved in the Palaeocene, with the divergence of at least one endemic Malagasy angiosperm genus, Burasaia (Menispermaceae). This genus may have facilitated the lemur colonization of Madagascar. Frugivory, nectarivory and gummivory probably generalized in the Oligocene, with the co-evolution of modern lemurs and at least 10 new Malagasy angiosperm families. In the Late Miocene, more angiosperms were probably brought from Africa by birds via a discontinuous land connection, and radiated on Madagascar in diffuse association with birds (asities) and dwarf nocturnal lemurs (cheirogaleids). During the same connective episode, Madagascar was probably colonized by hippopotamuses, which both followed and re-seeded a variety of plants, forming the grassy Uapaca ‘tapia’ forest and ericoid ‘savoka’ thicket.
Cytokine dynamics and targeted immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Ciano-Petersen Nicolás Lundahl , Muñiz-Castrillo Sergio , Birzu Cristina , Vogrig Alberto , Farina Antonio , Villagrán-García Macarena , Joubert Bastien , Psimaras Dimitri , Honnorat Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutoimmune encephalitides constitute a diverse group of immune-mediated central nervous system disorders mainly characterized by the presence of antibodies targeting neuronal or glial antigens. Despite the notable contribution of antibody discovery to the understanding of their physiopathology, the specific immune cells and inflammatory mediators involved in autoimmune encephalitis are still poorly defined. However, cytokines have recently emerged as crucial signalling molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis. Cytokines are biologically active, soluble, low-molecular-weight proteins or glycoproteins involved in a wide variety of physiological functions, including central nervous system development and homeostasis, immune surveillance, as well as proliferation and maturation of immune cells. Since unbalanced cytokine expression is considered a hallmark of many autoimmune central nervous system disorders, their identification and quantification has become an essential element in personalized medicine applied to the field of neuroimmunology. Several studies have explored the cytokine profile of autoimmune encephalitis, but their interpretation and comparison is challenging due to their small sample sizes and extremely high heterogeneity, especially regarding the cytokines analysed, type of sample used, and associated neural antibody. Only the cytokine profile of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis has extensively been investigated, with findings suggesting that, although humoral immunity is the main effector, T cells may also be relevant for the development of this disorder. A better understanding of cytokine dynamics governing neuroinflammation might offer the opportunity of developing new therapeutic strategies against specific immune cells, cytokines, antibodies, or intracellular signalling cascades, therefore leading to better outcomes and preventing undesired side effects of the presently used strategies. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge about the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis, combining theoretical analysis with experimental validations, to assess their suitability as clinical biomarkers. Second, we discuss the potential applicability of the novel targeted immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis depending on the immunobiology of the associated antibody, their limitations, as well as the main limitations that should be addressed in future studies.
Connectivity impairment of cerebellar and sensorimotor connector hubs in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bagarinao Epifanio , Kawabata Kazuya , Watanabe Hirohisa , Hara Kazuhiro , Ohdake Reiko , Ogura Aya , Masuda Michihito , Kato Toshiyasu , Maesawa Satoshi , Katsuno Masahisa , Sobue Gen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cognitive and movement processes involved integration of several large-scale brain networks. Central to these integrative processes are connector hubs, brain regions characterized by strong connections with multiple networks. Growing evidence suggests that many neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are associated with connector hub dysfunctions. Using a network metric called functional connectivity overlap ratio, we investigated connector hub alterations in Parkinson’s disease. Resting-state functional MRI data from 99 patients (male/female = 44/55) and 99 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (male/female = 39/60) participating in our cross-sectional study were used in the analysis. We have identified two sets of connector hubs, mainly located in the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum, with significant connectivity alterations with multiple resting-state networks. Sensorimotor connector hubs have impaired connections primarily with primary processing (sensorimotor, visual), visuospatial, and basal ganglia networks, whereas cerebellar connector hubs have impaired connections with basal ganglia and executive control networks. These connectivity alterations correlated with patients’ motor symptoms. Specifically, values of the functional connectivity overlap ratio of the cerebellar connector hubs were associated with tremor score, whereas that of the sensorimotor connector hubs with postural instability and gait disturbance score, suggesting potential association of each set of connector hubs with the disorder’s two predominant forms, the akinesia/rigidity and resting tremor subtypes. In addition, values of the functional connectivity overlap ratio of the sensorimotor connector hubs were highly predictive in classifying patients from controls with an accuracy of 75.76%. These findings suggest that, together with the basal ganglia, cerebellar and sensorimotor connector hubs are significantly involved in Parkinson’s disease with their connectivity dysfunction potentially driving the clinical manifestations typically observed in this disorder.