bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the initial structural-phase state on inelastic and plastic strains behavior in coarse-grained samples of the Ti49.3Ni50.7 (at.%) alloy
Authors: Zhapova D Yu , Lotkov A I , Grishkov V N , Gusarenko A A , Rodionov I S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental results of studies of the temperature dependence of inelastic and plastic strains during torsion of coarse-grained samples of the Ti49.3Ni50.7 (at.%) alloy. Investigations of the deformation behavior of the test alloy samples in the martensitic, two-phase and high-temperature states have been carried out. It is shown that the value of the summary inelastic strain reaches a maximum value of ∼ 18% under deformation of the samples in the martensitic and two-phase state, as well as in the temperature range of pre-transition phenomena.
Nucleation centers for martensite with habitus {110} in the shape memory alloys
Authors: Kashchenko M P , Kashchenko N M , Chashchina V G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dynamic theory of martensitic transformations (MT) considers the formation of habit planes of martensite crystals as a consequence of the propagation of a controlling wave process (CWP). The general ideology makes it possible, by comparing the observed habits with calculations of the elastic fields of defects (as a rule, dislocations), to identify nucleation centers. In a number of cases (In-Tl alloys, Ni50Mn50 alloys, Heusler alloys …) under MT in the shape memory alloys, {110} habits are observed (in the basis of the initial cubic phase), which often have a fine twin structure with twin boundaries of the same type. This highly symmetric structure is described by the CWP containing longitudinal waves (both relatively long-wavelength ℓ and short-wavelength s) propagating along the 4-order symmetry axes. In this paper, it is shown that such habits are associated with rectilinear segments of dislocation loops with directions Λ along <001> and Burgers vectors along <010> (or <110>) orthogonal to Λ, both for sliding and for prismatic loops. The tetragonality, the relative volume change during the MT, and the dependence of the start temperature M
s on changes in the concentration of alloy components are also briefly discussed.
Soil plasticity and standard proctor compaction characteristics of stabilized Kota Kinabalu clay using biomass silica (SH-85)
Authors: Vitales V V , Amaludin A E , HO Y , Amaludin N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the Pan Borneo Highway (PBH) project, the occurrence of clay soils is likely to increase construction costs, due to its low shear strength and high compressibility characteristics. In recent years, the use of non-traditional stabilizers e.g., Biomass Silica (SH-85) compound is becoming more prevalent. This study aims to determine the soil plasticity behaviour and to ascertain the Standard Proctor Compaction characteristics of clay soil by mixing it with varying dosages of SH-85. After soil classification was carried out, the Initial Lime Consumption Test was performed to estimate the suitable SH-85 dosage. The compound was mixed with the soil at concentrations of 3, 6, 9 and 15% (by soil sample weight). Moreover, Atterberg Limits test was also carried out to determine the change in soil plasticity. Subsequently, the compaction tests were performed to obtain the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) on the natural and stabilized soil. The trend of test results show that the OMC increases with increasing SH-85 dosages, while reducing the overall MDD values. The optimal quantity of SH-85 to achieve good compactibility was discovered to be 9%, producing a stabilized mix with a strength gain of +366% compared to the natural soil.
Shredder machine for plastic recycling: A review paper
Authors: Wong J H , Gan M J H , Chua B L , Gakim M , Siambun N J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a global concern due to poor plastic waste disposal management. As an alternative, independent recycling efforts are necessary. A Plastic shredder machine is a preliminary machine used to cut plastic waste into small pieces before turning it into useful products. The concept design of the shredder machine that is currently available is fairly similar. The shaft and blades are the critical components in the shredder machine that determines its performance. The geometry and orientation of the blades that were fitted into the single or double-shafts were found to directly affect the shredding performance. Therefore, this article aims to review the various geometry and orientations of the blades that give direct effect on the shredding performance, as well as identifying the research gaps related to the shredder machine for plastic waste materials
A review on the development of electro-carburisation process
Authors: On S C , Bahrin S A , Gakim M , Liew W Y H , Tamiri F M , Siambun N J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the early development of electro-carburisation technology and the research findings related to the electro-carburisation process. In general, conventional liquid carburisation of steel using a molten cyanide bath is carried out to improve the performance of mild steel, however this process produces toxic cyanide waste. Thus, other alternatives for liquid carburisation are necessary. Electro-carburisation process using carbonate-base molten salt, under a CO2 environment was developed as one of the alternatives to liquid carburising. Metal to be treated is exposed to the carbon-rich liquid in the molten cyanide bath and electro-carburisation. However, the metal is simply immersed inside the cyanide bath during conventional liquid carburising, while connected to the cathode in the electro-carburisation. The electro-carburisation involves a diffusion of carbon atoms into the surface of the metal which enhance the surface hardness of the metal. The effects of electrolysis parameters to the surface hardness and case hardening of treated metal have been reported in several journals. This article summarises the research findings. Apart from that, the quenching process and heat treatment post quenching also plays an important role in the quality of the carburised metal, therefore also reviewed in this article.
Methane hydrogen laminar burning velocity blending laws in horizontal open-ended flame tube rig
Authors: Amaludin N A , Morrow M , Woolley R , Amaludin A E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Different fuel properties and chemical kinetics of two different fuels would make it challenging to predict the combustion parameters of a binary fuel. Understanding the effect of blending methane and hydrogen gas is the main focus of this paper. Utilizing a horizontal tube combustion rig, methane-hydrogen fuel blends were created using blending laws from past literature, over a range of equivalence ratios from 0.6 – 1.2 were studied, while keeping one combustion parameter constant, the theoretical laminar burning velocity. The selected theoretical laminar burning velocity for all the mixtures tested were kept constant at 0.6 ms−1. Different factors affected the flame propagation across the tube, including acoustic pressure oscillations, heat loss from the rig, and obvious difference in hydrogen percentage in the fuel blends. The average experimental laminar burning velocity of all the flames was 0.368 ms−1, compared to the expected value of 0.6 ms−1. In an attempt to keep the theoretical laminar burning velocity constant for different mixtures, it was discovered that this did not promise the same flame propagation behaviour for the tested mixtures. Further experimentation and analysis are required in order to better understand the underlying interaction of the fuel blends.
Measurement of scattered rays from different materials using an inorganic scintillator based optical fiber sensor and its application in radiotherapy
Authors: Xie Tianci , He Bo , Shi Qieming , Qian Jinqian , Hao Wenjing , Li Song , Lewis Elfed , Sun Weimin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Measurements using an Optical Fiber OFS including an inorganic scintillator placed on the surface of a phantom show that the particle energy distribution inside the phantom remains unchanged. The backscattered intensity measured using an Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS) exhibits a linear relationship with the total radiation dose delivered to the phantom, and this relationship shows that the OFS can be used for indirect dose measurement when located on the surface of the phantom i.e. that arising from the energetic backscattered electrons and photons. Such a device can therefore be used as a clinical in-vivo dosimeter, being located on the patient’s body surface. In addition, the measurement results for the same OFS located inside and outside the radiation field of a compound water based phantom are analyzed. The differences in measurement of the fluorescence signal in response to various tissue materials representing bone or tumor tissue in the irradiation field are strongly related to the material’s ability to block the scattered rays from the water phantom, as well as the scattered x-rays generated by the material located within the phantom.
Design of a scalable, flexible, and durable thermoelectric cooling device for soft electronics using Kirigami cut patterns
Authors: Rosenberg Z B , Weiner N C , Shahariar H , Li B M , Peavey J L , Mills A C , Losego M D , Jur J S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A flexible, soft thermoelectric cooling device is presented that shows potential for human cooling applications in wearable technologies and close-to-body applications. Current developments lack integration feasibility due to non-scalable assembly procedures and unsuitable materials for comfortable and durable integration into products. Our devices have been created and tested around the need to conform to the human body which we have quantified through the creation of a repeatable drape testing procedure, a metric used in the textile industry. Inspired by mass manufacturing constraints, our flexible thermoelectric devices are created using commercially available materials and scalable processing techniques. Thermoelectric legs are embedded in a foam substrate to provide flexibility, while Kirigami-inspired cuts are patterned on the foam to provide the drape necessary for mimicking the performance of textile and close to body materials. In total, nine different configurations, three different fill factors and three different Kirigami cut patterns were fabricated and inspected for thermal characterization, mechanical testing, flexibility and drape. Our studies show that adding Kirigami patterns can increase the durability of the device, improve the flexibility, decrease the drape coefficient, and have <1% of impact on cooling performance at higher fill factors (>1.5%), reaching temperature differences up to 4.39 °C ± 0.17 °C between the hot and cold faces of the device. These thermoelectric cooling devices show great flexibility, durability, and cooling for integration into soft cooling products.
Geriatric medicine and health care for older people in Australia
Authors: Le Couteur David G , Flicker Leon , Hilmer Sarah N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aged care coverage in Australia is universal but fragmented and has been challenged by government policy to deregulate aged care and open it up to market forces. A recent inquiry into aged care (Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety) documented the outcome of this policy—substandard care at most levels. The provision of services to older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, who have high prevalence of frailty and cognitive impairment, was also identified as inadequate. The effects of yet to be implemented changes in policy and funding in response to this report remain to be seen. Despite this policy backdrop, geriatricians have contributed to a steady growth in medical services and interventions focussed on specific geriatric issues such as dementia, falls, polypharmacy and orthogeriatrics. These are often driven by, or in collaboration with researchers, and aim to generate research data as well as provide patient care. The numbers of academic geriatricians and other aged care health professionals is increasing, and the training of specialist geriatricians now includes a significant research component.
Effectiveness of a community-based intervention (Konga model) to address the factors contributing to viral load suppression among children living with HIV in Tanzania: a cluster-randomized clinical trial protocol
Authors: Kihulya Mageda , Katalambula Leornard K , Kapologwe Ntuli A , Petrucka Pammla 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aims to test the effectiveness of a community-based intervention (Konga model) to improve viral-load suppression in children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and enrolled in care and treatment centers in Tanzania mainland. The study will be a cluster-randomized clinical trial study designed with both intervention and control arms. The study will involve 268 children with a viral load of &gt;1000 copies/ml who are aged between 2 and 14 years. The children will be randomly allocated into the intervention and control arms. The intervention will include three distinct activities: adherence and retention counseling, psychosocial support, and comorbidity screening (i.e. tuberculosis). The outcome of the study will be assessment of the success of the intervention to increase medication adherence with the immediate result of reducing the viral load below 1000 copies/ml. Descriptive statistics will be used to calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range of continuous data. We will use frequencies and percentages to summarize categorical data. As for the primary outcome (proportion of HIV-infected children with viral suppression), we will compare the proportion of successful participants in the intervention and control arms. Proportions and tests for different proportions will be used as a measure of improvement. All statistical tests will be two-sided and P &lt; 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Arbutin, Niacinamide and 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid in Whitening Cream Products in the Presence of Parabens
Authors: Permana Benny , Hasanah Mutiara , Tursino  
Published: January 2022

AbstractArbutin, niacinamide and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (a new generation of vitamin C derivatives) are compounds that have a whitening effect on skin and are widely used in whitening cream products wherein parabens such as methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben and butyl paraben are also often added as preservatives. This study aims to develop a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that can be used to determine arbutin, niacinamide and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid simultaneously in whitening cream products without interference from the parabens. The optimum conditions for the HPLC system were obtained using ODS-3 RP-C18 Inertsil column, mobile phase consisting of a mixture of aquabides, methanol and acetonitrile with gradient elution mode. Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 220 nm. Validation studies demonstrated a good linearity for all analytes over each range concentration with a correlation coefficient &gt;0.999 and Vx0 &lt; 2%. The accuracy test also met the requirements with the recoveries being 96.93–99.55%, 98.60–99.73% and 97.88–100.63% for arbutin, niacinamide and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision test gave a relative standard deviation (% RSD) of &lt;2% along with a HorRat value of &lt;2 for all analytes. The results of this study indicate that the developed HPLC method has a good selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. Due to its simplicity, the method can be used to analyze arbutin, niacinamide and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid in the presence of parabens in whitening cream products simultaneously.
Association of urinary albumin:creatinine ratio with incident frailty in older populations
Authors: Liu Mengyi , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Zhang Zhuxian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Liu Chengzhang , Nie Jing , Liang Min , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The longitudinal relationship of albuminuria with incident frailty remains unknown. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the relation of albuminuria with the risk of incident frailty in older adults.

Methods
A total of 1115 participants ≥65 years of age (average age 80.3 years) who were free of frailty in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. The outcome was incident frailty, defined as a frailty index ≥0.25 during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) with frailty.

Results
During a median follow-up duration of 5.3 years, 295 (26.5%) participants developed incident frailty. Overall, the UACR was significantly positively associated with the risk of incident frailty (P for trend = 0.005), with a significantly higher risk of incident frailty in participants in the quartile 4 of UACR {≥13.43 mg/g; hazard ratio [HR] 1.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.37]} compared with those in quartile 1 (&lt;0.73 mg/g). Consistently, when UACRs were assessed as clinical categories, compared with participants with UACR &lt;10 mg/g, those with UACR ≥30 mg/g had a higher HR of incident frailty [HR 1.61 (95% CI 1.17–2.20)]. Accounting for the competing risk of death also did not substantially change the results. In addition, a stronger positive association between UACR and incident frailty was found in those with a higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (hs-CRP) (P for interaction = 0.045).

Conclusion
Albuminuria was positively associated with the risk of incident frailty, particularly in those with higher hs-CRP, emphasizing the importance of managing both albuminuria and inflammation for primary prevention of frailty.
“It Was the Worst of Times, It Was the Worst of Times”: Brexit and Literary Mood in Ali Smith’s Autumn
Authors: Adam Sibyl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ali Smith’s Autumn is widely regarded as one of the most significant Brexlit novels to be published since the UK voted to leave the European Union in a referendum on 23 June 2016. This article analyzes the novel’s use of mood, which is generated simultaneously through representations of collective emotional reactions, an innovative temporal structure, and through a reworking of the state-of-the-nation novel tradition. The relationship between the nation and the novel is developed through temporality, where historical and contemporary collective feelings of crisis unify the nonchronological narrative sequence. This article makes an intervention into discussions of Brexlit by foregrounding the use of mood as a regulator of multiple temporalities and nonchronological structural engagements with time as more useful than conventional realism in conveying the national impact of Brexit.
Limited dynamic triggering in the Utah region, USA
Authors: Guenaga David L , Alfaro-Diaz Richard A , Velasco Aaron A 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYThe state of Utah, USA, experiences around 3800 catalogued earthquakes per year, highlighting that the region is seismically active and susceptible to earthquakes. Following the 2002 Denali Fault (M7.9) earthquake in Alaska, the region showed an elevated seismicity rate for 3 weeks following the passage of high amplitude surface waves, suggesting that the region may be particularly susceptible to dynamic triggering. With over 23 396 faults and each fault presenting a potential fault for triggering, we systematically search for dynamic triggering throughout the state of Utah caused by large, global earthquakes with M ≥ 7. Specifically, we analyse earthquake catalogues and all available waveform data to determine statistical increases of seismicity rate following the passage of seismic arrivals. While we find instances of dynamic triggering, our results show that these events occur sparsely in the region. In total, less than 20 per cent of the 273 main shocks that occur from 2000 to the end of 2017 show a statistical indication of dynamic triggering throughout the Utah region, highlighting that dynamic triggering is limited for stresses created by transient signals from global M ≥ 7 earthquakes, with the exception being the Denali Fault (M7.9), Alaska earthquake (i.e. an instance of significant triggering).
Clinical Utility of Germline Genetic Testing in Japanese Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Akamatsu Shusuke , Terada Naoki , Takata Ryo , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Shimatani Kimihiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Yamamoto Michio , Tada Harue , Kawamorita Naoki , Narita Shintaro , Kato Takuma , Nitta Masahiro , Kandori Shuya , Koike Yusuke , Inazawa Johji , Kimura Takahiro , Kimura Hiroko , Kojima Takahiro , Terachi Toshiro , Sugimoto Mikio , Habuchi Tomonori , Arai Yoichi , Yamamoto Shingo , Matsuda Tadashi , Obara Wataru , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Inoue Takahiro , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Multiple common variants and also rare variants in monogenic risk genes such as BRCA2 and HOXB13 have been reported to be associated with risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the clinical setting in which germline genetic testing could be used for PCa diagnosis remains obscure. Herein, we tested the clinical utility of a 16 common variant–based polygenic risk score (PRS) that has been developed previously for Japanese men and also evaluated the frequency of PCa-associated rare variants in a prospective cohort of Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy.

Methods
A total of 1336 patients undergoing first prostate biopsy were included. PRS was calculated based on the genotype of 16 common variants, and sequencing of 8 prostate cancer–associated genes was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction based target sequencing. PRS was combined with clinical factors in logistic regression models to assess whether addition of PRS improves the prediction of biopsy positivity.

Results
The top PRS decile was associated with an odds ratio of 4.10 (95% confidence interval = 2.46 to 6.86) with reference to the patients at average risk, and the estimated lifetime absolute risk approached 20%. Among the patients with prostate specific antigen 2-10 ng/mL who had prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging, high PRS had an equivalent impact on biopsy positivity as a positive magnetic resonance imaging finding. Rare variants were detected in 19 (2.37%) and 7 (1.31%) patients with positive and negative biopsies, respectively, with BRCA2 variants being the most prevalent. There was no association between PRS and high-risk rare variants.

Conclusions
Germline genetic testing could be clinically useful in both pre- and post-PSA screening settings.
How do community pharmacists in Trinidad perceive knowledge and practice of asthma care?
Authors: Jankie Satish , Stuart Arlene Rachel Villarroel , Mohammed Saeed Rashaad , Sewdass Keshav , Sakhamuri Sateesh , Pereira Lexley Maureen Pinto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study assessed recommendations for asthma care that community pharmacists in Trinidad offer to adult and adolescent asthma patients.

Methods
A convenience study was conducted in community pharmacies in Trinidad, utilising a 17-question survey, delivered electronically via email by clicking a survey link, which ensured that all responses were anonymous.

Key findings
There were 210 responses, and the majority (54.2%) believed that inhaled salbutamol was the treatment for mild intermittent asthma. Many (65.2%) demonstrate inhaler technique to new patients. Recommendations for using peak flow metres (46.2%) or asthma diaries (48.6%) were poor, and 68.1% dispense prednisolone without a prescription.

Conclusion
Continuing education on asthma management for community pharmacists in Trinidad can optimise disease outcomes and make them partners in patient care.