bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Border Governance: Reframing political transition in Myanmar
Authors: McCONNACHIE KIRSTEN , HO ELAINE LYNN-EE , KYED HELENE MARIA 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBorderlands and bordering processes are central to politics and the governance of people, goods, and territories, not only as markers of territorial-administrative control but also as practices that shape the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, mobility/immobility, and relations of power and authority. This special issue focuses on Myanmar, where political governance is deeply entangled with ethnicity, territory, borders, and bordering processes. We attempt to untangle these relationships by adopting an approach that combines consideration of how borderlands are governed with recognition of the ways in which borders, borderlands, and border populations shape governance and administration. We define this approach as ‘border governance’, by which we mean governance in, of, and through borderlands. In this introduction, we explore the meaning and significance of border governance as it relates to Myanmar, its ethnic border states, and their relations to other nations bordering the country. In doing so, we engage with and develop scholarly debates in three primary areas: (i) Borders, territoriality, and bordering processes; (ii) Plural governance and everyday bordering; (iii) Peacebuilding and the borders of transition. The articles in this special issue were written prior to the military coup of February 2021. Nevertheless, the central arguments presented here remain relevant, as does our conclusion: to achieve lasting peace in Myanmar, the borderlands must be at the centre.
An ASP-based Approach to Answering Natural Language Questions for Texts
Authors: PENDHARKAR DHRUVA , BASU KINJAL , SHAKERIN FARHAD , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn approach based on answer set programming (ASP) is proposed in this paper for representing knowledge generated from natural language texts. Knowledge in a text is modeled using a Neo Davidsonian-like formalism, which is then represented as an answer set program. Relevant commonsense knowledge is additionally imported from resources such as WordNet and represented in ASP. The resulting knowledge-base can then be used to perform reasoning with the help of an ASP system. This approach can facilitate many natural language tasks such as automated question answering, text summarization, and automated question generation. ASP-based representation of techniques such as default reasoning, hierarchical knowledge organization, preferences over defaults, etc., are used to model commonsense reasoning methods required to accomplish these tasks. In this paper, we describe the CASPR system that we have developed to automate the task of answering natural language questions given English text. CASPR can be regarded as a system that answers questions by “understanding” the text and has been tested on the SQuAD data set, with promising results.
Watershed Classification Predicts Streamflow Regime and Organic Carbon Dynamics in the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest
Authors: Giesbrecht Ian J. W. , Tank Suzanne E. , Frazer Gordon W. , Hood Eran , Gonzalez Arriola Santiago G. , Butman David E. , D’Amore David V. , Hutchinson David , Bidlack Allison , Lertzman Ken P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWatershed classification has long been a key tool in the hydrological sciences, but few studies have been extended to biogeochemistry. We developed a combined hydro‐biogeochemical classification for watersheds draining to the coastal margin of the Northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (1,443,062 km2), including 2,695 small coastal rivers (SCR) and 10 large continental watersheds. We used cluster analysis to group SCR watersheds into 12 types, based on watershed properties. The most important variables for distinguishing SCR watershed types were evapotranspiration, slope, snowfall, and total precipitation. We used both streamflow and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements from rivers (n = 104 and 90 watersheds respectively) to validate the classification. Watershed types corresponded with broad differences in streamflow regime, mean annual runoff, DOC seasonality, and mean DOC concentration. These links between watershed type and river conditions enabled the first region‐wide empirical characterization of river hydro‐biogeochemistry at the land‐sea margin, spanning extensive ungauged and unsampled areas. We found very high annual runoff (mean > 3,000 mm, n = 10) in three watershed types totaling 59,024 km2 and ranging from heavily glacierized mountain watersheds with high flow in summer to a rain‐fed mountain watershed type with high flow in fall‐winter. DOC hotspots (mean > 4 mg L−1, n = 14) were found in three other watershed types (48,557 km2) with perhumid rainforest climates and less‐mountainous topography. We described four patterns of DOC seasonality linked to watershed hydrology, with fall‐flushing being widespread. Hydro‐biogeochemical watershed classification may be useful for other complex regions with sparse observation networks.
Violation of Hemispheric Symmetry in Integrated Poynting Flux via an Empirical Model
Authors: Cosgrove Russell B. , Bahcivan Hasan , Chen Steven , Sanchez Ennio , Knipp Delores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during local summer, the hemispherically integrated Poynting flux estimated by FAST‐satellite‐derived empirical models is significantly larger for the northern hemisphere (NH) than for the southern hemisphere (SH). In order to test whether the difference is statistically significant, the model uncertainties have been estimated by dividing the data sets for each hemisphere into two nonintersecting sets, and separately constructing the model using each of the four sets. The model uncertainty appears to be smaller than the estimated asymmetry. The asymmetry is mostly absent when the IMF is northward, except there is some evidence that it may actually reverse during local winter. The phenomena is coupled with what appears to be a more distinct two‐cell convection pattern in the NH, and a possibly greater cusp contribution in the SH. All this suggests an effect of magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling, probably related to asymmetries in Earth's geomagnetic field.
Tsunamigenic Potential of an Incipient Submarine Landslide in the Tiran Straits
Authors: Purkis Sam J. , Ward Steven N. , Shernisky Hannah , Chimienti Giovanni , Sharifi Arash , Marchese Fabio , Benzoni Francesca , Rodrigue Mattie , Raymo Maureen E. , Abdulla Ameer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Red Sea is a maritime rift. Tsunamigenic submarine landslides are common in these deep, steep‐sided, and seismically active basins. Because the rift is narrow, tsunami formed on one margin dissipate little before impacting the opposite side. Red Sea slope failures are therefore especially hazardous. We examine the tsunamigenic potential of an incipient landslide in the Tiran Straits that started, but then stopped after a short distance. Radiometric and biotic analyses fix the age of this landslide to within the last 500 years. Tsunami modeling of the incipient slide predicts ∼10 m wave heights on the Egyptian coastline. Of present concern is that the slope will eventually slide to completion with even more hazardous results. Tsunami simulated for this future event are twice as large as that generated by the incipient slide, so the threat posed by a future slide is consequential. Sharm El Sheikh, an Egyptian resort town now lies in its path, as does “The Line,” a vast Saudi infrastructure project. This study warns of credible tsunami risk in the rapidly urbanizing Tiran Straits.
Bed and Bank Stress Partitioning in Bedrock Rivers
Authors: Li Tingan , Venditti Jeremy G. , Rennie Colin D. , Nelson Peter A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApproximation of bed and wall (bank) stresses in confined, narrow bedrock rivers is key to accurately assessing hydraulic roughness, sediment transport, bedrock erosion and the morphodynamics of bedrock channels. Here, we partition bed and wall stresses using the ray‐isovel model (RIM) and field observations. We used the RIM to calculate the distribution of shear stress across an idealized trapezoidal channel and found that the ratio of wall to bed stress () grows slightly with increasing bank angles, but exponentially declines with increasing width‐to‐depth ratio. We applied the RIM to 26 of the canyons along the Fraser River and found that RIM predicts 0.60 0.98. We used field observations of bed and total stress to calculate wall stress in each canyon. The total stress was calculated from 1D momentum balance (depth‐slope product). The distribution of bed stress was calculated from near‐bed velocity profiles and showed that bed stress spikes as water enters constriction‐pool‐widening (CPW) sequences. For the majority of studied canyons, the observed wall stress is larger than the total stress and the observed bed stress. The maximum observed bed stress through a CPW sequence is ∼7.5 times the mean bed stress and ∼4.9 times the total stress. Compared with the observed stresses, the model systematically over‐predicts the observed bed stress and under‐predicts the observed wall stress by ∼55%. Our results reveal that the complex flow structure in bedrock canyons influences the distribution of bed and wall stresses and that bedrock walls contribute more hydraulic roughness than predicted with RIM.
Fabrication of crystalline submicro-to-nano carbon wire for achieving high current density and ultrastable current
Authors: Deng Jufeng , Liu Chong , song Dian , Madou Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCrystalline carbon nanowire arrays were fabricated taking advantage of near-field electrospinning and stress decyanation. A novel fabrication method for carbon nanowires with radii ranging from ~2.15 µm down to ~25 nm was developed based on implementing nitrogen pretreatment on the silica surface and then aligning polymer nanofibers during near-field electrospinning at an ultralow voltage. Stress decyanation was implemented by subsequently pyrolyzing a polymer nanofiber array on the silica surface at 1000 °C for 1 h in an N2 atmosphere, thus obtaining a crystalline carbon nanowire array with a nanostructured surface. Various crystalline nanostructures were fabricated on the nanowire surface, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Crystalline carbon wires with diameters ranging from micrometers to submicrometers displayed carbon nanoelectrode-like behavior with their CV curve having a sigmoidal shape. A highly crystalline carbon nanowire array showed distinct behavior, having a monotonically increasing straight line as its CV curve and a semicircular EIS spectrum; these results demonstrated its ultrastable current, as determined by electron transfer. Furthermore, nanocrystalline-structured carbon wires with diameters of ~305 nm displayed at least a fourfold higher peak current density during CV (4000 mA/m2) than highly crystalline carbon nanowires with diameters of ~100 nm and porous microwires with diameters of ~4.3 µm.
Disrupted social memory ensembles in the ventral hippocampus underlie social amnesia in autism-associated Shank3 mutant mice
Authors: Tao Kentaro , Chung Myung , Watarai Akiyuki , Huang Ziyan , Wang Mu-Yun , Okuyama Teruhiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability to remember conspecifics is critical for adaptive cognitive functioning and social communication, and impairments of this ability are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Although hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) neurons are known to store social memories, how their activities are coordinated remains unclear. Here we show that vCA1 social memory neurons, characterized by enhanced activity in response to memorized individuals, were preferentially reactivated during sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Spike sequences of these social replays reflected the temporal orders of neuronal activities within theta cycles during social experiences. In ASD model Shank3 knockout mice, the proportion of social memory neurons was reduced, and neuronal ensemble spike sequences during SPW-Rs were disrupted, which correlated with impaired discriminatory social behavior. These results suggest that SPW-R-mediated sequential reactivation of neuronal ensembles is a canonical mechanism for coordinating hippocampus-dependent social memories and its disruption underlie the pathophysiology of social memory defects associated with ASD.
HBx increases chromatin accessibility and ETV4 expression to regulate dishevelled-2 and promote HCC progression
Authors: Zheng Chuqian , Liu Min , Ge Yanping , Qian Yanyan , Fan Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the predominant causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx), as the most frequently integrated viral gene sequence following HBV infection, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. H3K27ac is a characteristic marker for identifying active enhancers and even indicates chromatin accessibility associated with super-enhancers (SEs). In this study, H3K27ac ChIP-seq was applied for high-quality SE annotation of HBx-induced SEs and chromatin accessibility evaluation. The results indicated that HBx preferentially affects enrichment of H3K27ac in transcription factor signaling pathway genes, including ETV4. RNA-seq indicated that ETV4 is upregulated by HBx and that upregulated ETV4 promotes HCC progression. Interestingly, ETV4 was also included in the 568 cancer driver gene pool obtained by the Integrative OncoGenomics pipeline. However, the biological function and mechanism of ETV4 remain incompletely understood. In vivo and in vitro, we found that increased ETV4 expression promotes HCC cell migration and invasion by upregulating DVL2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin. The mRNA and protein levels of ETV4 are higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and high expression of ETV4 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. In summary, we first confirm that ETV4 is significantly upregulated by HBx and involved in SE-associated chromatin accessibility. Increased expression of ETV4 promotes HCC cell invasion and metastasis by upregulating DVL2. The present study provides insight into the ETV4-DVL2-β-catenin axis in HBV-related HCC, which will be helpful for treating patients with aggressive HCC.
Synthetic adiponectin-receptor agonist, AdipoRon, induces glycolytic dependence in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Manley Sharon J. , Olou Appolinaire A. , Jack Jarrid L. , Ruckert Mariana T. , Walsh R. McKinnon , Eades Austin E. , Bye Bailey A. , Ambrose Joe , Messaggio Fanuel , Anant Shrikant , VanSaun Michael N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObesity creates a localized inflammatory reaction in the adipose, altering secretion of adipocyte-derived factors that contribute to pathologies including cancer. We have previously shown that adiponectin inhibits pancreatic cancer by antagonizing leptin-induced STAT3 activation. Yet, the effects of adiponectin on pancreatic cancer cell metabolism have not been addressed. In these studies, we have uncovered a novel metabolic function for the synthetic adiponectin-receptor agonist, AdipoRon. Treatment of PDAC cells with AdipoRon led to mitochondrial uncoupling and loss of ATP production. Concomitantly, AdipoRon-treated cells increased glucose uptake and utilization. This metabolic switch further correlated with AMPK mediated inhibition of the prolipogenic factor acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which is known to initiate fatty acid catabolism. Yet, measurements of fatty acid oxidation failed to detect any alteration in response to AdipoRon treatment, suggesting a deficiency for compensation. Additional disruption of glycolytic dependence, using either a glycolysis inhibitor or low-glucose conditions, demonstrated an impairment of growth and survival of all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that pancreatic cancer cells utilize metabolic plasticity to upregulate glycolysis in order to adapt to suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of AdipoRon.
Cathepsin D as a potential therapeutic target to enhance anticancer drug-induced apoptosis via RNF183-mediated destabilization of Bcl-xL in cancer cells
Authors: Seo Seung Un , Woo Seon Min , Im Seung-Soon , Jang Younghoon , Han Eugene , Kim Sang Hyun , Lee Hongchan , Lee Hyun-Shik , Nam Ju-Ock , Gabrielson Edward , Min Kyoung-jin , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCathepsin D (Cat D) is well known for its roles in metastasis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and carcinogenesis in cancer. Despite Cat D being a promising target in cancer cells, effects and underlying mechanism of its inhibition remain unclear. Here, we investigated the plausibility of using Cat D inhibition as an adjuvant or sensitizer for enhancing anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of Cat D markedly enhanced anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in human carcinoma cell lines and xenograft models. The inhibition destabilized Bcl-xL through upregulation of the expression of RNF183, an E3 ligase of Bcl-xL, via NF-κB activation. Furthermore, Cat D inhibition increased the proteasome activity, which is another important factor in the degradation of proteins. Cat D inhibition resulted in p62-dependent activation of Nrf2, which increased the expression of proteasome subunits (PSMA5 and PSMB5), and thereby, the proteasome activity. Overall, Cat D inhibition sensitized cancer cells to anticancer drugs through the destabilization of Bcl-xL. Furthermore, human renal clear carcinoma (RCC) tissues revealed a positive correlation between Cat D and Bcl-xL expression, whereas RNF183 and Bcl-xL expression indicated inverse correlation. Our results suggest that inhibition of Cat D is promising as an adjuvant or sensitizer for enhancing anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.
Optical-domain spectral super-resolution via a quantum-memory-based time-frequency processor
Authors: Mazelanik Mateusz , Leszczyński Adam , Parniak Michał 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExisting super-resolution methods of optical imaging hold a solid place as an application in natural sciences, but many new developments allow for beating the diffraction limit in a more subtle way. One of the recently explored strategies to fully exploit information already present in the field is to perform a quantum-inspired tailored measurements. Here we exploit the full spectral information of the optical field in order to beat the Rayleigh limit in spectroscopy. We employ an optical quantum memory with spin-wave storage and an embedded processing capability to implement a time-inversion interferometer for input light, projecting the optical field in the symmetric-antisymmetric mode basis. Our tailored measurement achieves a resolution of 15 kHz and requires 20 times less photons than a corresponding Rayleigh-limited conventional method. We demonstrate the advantage of our technique over both conventional spectroscopy and heterodyne measurements, showing potential for application in distinguishing ultra-narrowband emitters, optical communication channels, or signals transduced from lower-frequency domains.
The olfactory gating of visual preferences to human skin and visible spectra in mosquitoes
Authors: Alonso San Alberto Diego , Rusch Claire , Zhan Yinpeng , Straw Andrew D. , Montell Craig , Riffell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMosquitoes track odors, locate hosts, and find mates visually. The color of a food resource, such as a flower or warm-blooded host, can be dominated by long wavelengths of the visible light spectrum (green to red for humans) and is likely important for object recognition and localization. However, little is known about the hues that attract mosquitoes or how odor affects mosquito visual search behaviors. We use a real-time 3D tracking system and wind tunnel that allows careful control of the olfactory and visual environment to quantify the behavior of more than 1.3 million mosquito trajectories. We find that CO2induces a strong attraction to specific spectral bands, including those that humans perceive as cyan, orange, and red. Sensitivity to orange and red correlates with mosquitoes’ strong attraction to the color spectrum of human skin, which is dominated by these wavelengths. The attraction is eliminated by filtering the orange and red bands from the skin color spectrum and by introducing mutations targeting specific long-wavelength opsins or CO2detection. Collectively, our results show that odor is critical for mosquitoes’ wavelength preferences and that the mosquito visual system is a promising target for inhibiting their attraction to human hosts.
Thermal-healing of lattice defects for high-energy single-crystalline battery cathodes
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Qian Guannan , He Xiaomei , Huang Xiaojing , Lee Sang-Jun , Jiang Zhisen , Yang Yang , Wang Wei-Na , Meng Dechao , Yu Chang , Lee Jun-Sik , Chu Yong S. , Ma Zi-Feng , Pianetta Piero , Qiu Jieshan , Li Linsen , Zhao Kejie , Liu Yijin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle-crystalline nickel-rich cathodes are a rising candidate with great potential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their superior structural and chemical robustness in comparison with polycrystalline counterparts. Within the single-crystalline cathode materials, the lattice strain and defects have significant impacts on the intercalation chemistry and, therefore, play a key role in determining the macroscopic electrochemical performance. Guided by our predictive theoretical model, we have systematically evaluated the effectiveness of regaining lost capacity by modulating the lattice deformation via an energy-efficient thermal treatment at different chemical states. We demonstrate that the lattice structure recoverability is highly dependent on both the cathode composition and the state of charge, providing clues to relieving the fatigued cathode crystal for sustainable lithium-ion batteries.
Induction of tier-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with a DNA-encoded HIV envelope native like trimer
Authors: Xu Ziyang , Walker Susanne , Wise Megan C. , Chokkalingam Neethu , Purwar Mansi , Moore Alan , Tello-Ruiz Edgar , Wu Yuanhan , Majumdar Sonali , Konrath Kylie M. , Kulkarni Abhijeet , Tursi Nicholas J. , Zaidi Faraz I. , Reuschel Emma L. , Patel Ishaan , Obeirne April , Du Jianqiu , Schultheis Katherine , Gites Lauren , Smith Trevor , Mendoza Janess , Broderick Kate E. , Humeau Laurent , Pallesen Jesper , Weiner David B. , Kulp Daniel W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHIV Envelope (Env) is the main vaccine target for induction of neutralizing antibodies. Stabilizing Env into native-like trimer (NLT) conformations is required for recombinant protein immunogens to induce autologous neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) against difficult to neutralize HIV strains (tier-2) in rabbits and non-human primates. Immunizations of mice with NLTs have generally failed to induce tier-2 nAbs. Here, we show that DNA-encoded NLTs fold properly in vivo and induce autologous tier-2 nAbs in mice. DNA-encoded NLTs also uniquely induce both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses as compared to corresponding protein immunizations. Murine neutralizing antibodies are identified with an advanced sequencing technology. The structure of an Env-Ab (C05) complex, as determined by cryo-EM, identifies a previously undescribed neutralizing Env C3/V5 epitope. Beyond potential functional immunity gains, DNA vaccines permit in vivo folding of structured antigens and provide significant cost and speed advantages for enabling rapid evaluation of new HIV vaccines.