bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maf is a regulator of differentiation for gut immune epithelial cell Microfold cell (M cell)
Authors: George Joel Johnson , Martins Fabio Tadeu Arrojo , Martin-Diaz Laura , Viiri Keijo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Microfold cells (M cells) are a specialized subset of epithelial intestinal cells responsible for immunosurveillance of the gastrointestinal tract. M cells are located in the Peyer’s patches and are crucial for monitoring and the transcytosis of antigens, microorganisms, and pathogens via their mature receptor GP2. A mature M cell with Gp2 receptor aids in the uptake of antigens, which are passed through the single layer of epithelium and presented to underlying antigen-presenting cells and processed further downstream with B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. Recent studies revealed several transcription factors and ligands responsible for the development and differentiation of mature M cells however, an exhaustive list of factors remains to be elucidated.Results: Our recent work on epigenetic regulation of M cells found Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma transcription factor (Maf) to be regulated by PRC2 complex in M cell development. Using organoids grown in RANKL stimulating conditions, β-galactosidase staining of Peyer’s patch and Maf mouse knockout models, we demonstrate Maf’s role in M cell developments. We observed that Maf expression is specific to M cells in the Peyer’s patch and organoids grown in RANKL conditions gives rise to mature markers Gp2 expression as well as Maf expression. Organoids isolated from Maf knockout mice grown in RANKL conditions failed to differentiate into M cells and showed a severe lack of expression in M cell markers Conclusions: In this paper, we explore Maf’s critical role in M cell differentiation and maturation. Maf falls under the purview of RANKL signaling, is localized in the Peyer’s patches of the intestine, and is expressed by M cells. Given that, complete knockout of the Maf gene leads to a lethal phenotype, organoids isolated from Maf knockout mice and treated with RANKL exhibited impaired M cell development and a significant decrease in Gp2 expression. These findings reveal that Maf is an important regulator for M cell development and differentiation
Accuracy of the Artificial Intelligence to Locate the Temporomandibular Disc in MRI
Authors: Moura Brenda de Souza , Quesado Gustavo , Ferreira Natalia Reis , Oliveira Aleli Tôrres , Grossmann Eduardo , DaSilva Alexandre F. , DosSantos Marcos Fabio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term used to describe the morphological and/or functional changes that affect the masticatory system. Internal derangements of the TMJ are among the most prevalent articular subtypes of TMD. TMD diagnoses are based on clinical and imaging examinations, mostly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a method for optimizing determination of the position of the articular disc of the TMJ using MRI. This proof-of-concept study aimed to explore the reliability and accuracy of applying AI to optimize TMD diagnoses. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 459 images from 67 participants.. Neural networks and deep learning were developed. The study showed that the coefficient of agreement () between AI-analyzed MRI and TMJ MRI evaluated by specialist was 0.63. AI provided high reliability (84,6%) to locate the articular disc in MRI. Deep learning program revealed a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 76.9% on the 1,000-step test. The 50,000-step test showed a sensitivity of 87.7% and specificity of 76.9%. ROC curve (AUC > 0.8) emphasized the high diagnostic accuracy. These findings demonstrated that AI is effective in optimizing the location of the TMJ disc through MRI.
Trigeminal neurons control immune-bone cell interaction and metabolism in apical periodontitis
Authors: Austah Obadah N. , Lillis Katherine V. , Akopian Armen N. , Harris Stephen , Simanavicious Ruta , Diogenes Anibal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease occurring following tooth infection with distinct osteolytic activity. Despite increasing evidence that sensory neurons participate in regulation of non-neuronal cells, their role in the development of AP is largely unknown. We hypothesized that trigeminal ganglia (TG) Nav1.8+ nociceptors regulate bone metabolism changes in response to AP. A selective ablation of nociceptive neurons in Nav1.8Cre/Diphtheria toxin A (DTA)Lox mouse line was used to evaluate the development and progression of AP using murine model of infection-induced AP. Ablation of Nav1.8+ nociceptors had earlier progression of AP with larger osteolytic lesions. Immunohistochemical and RNAscope analyses demonstrated greater number of macrophages, T-cells, osteoclast and osteoblast precursors and an increased RANKL:OPG ratio at earlier time points among Nav1.8Cre/ DTALox mice. There was an increased expression of IL-1α and IL-6 within lesions of nociceptor-ablated mice. Further, co-culture experiments demonstrated that TG neurons promoted osteoblast mineralization and inhibited osteoclastic function. The findings suggest that TG Nav1.8+ neurons contribute to modulation of the AP development by delaying the influx of immune cells, promoting osteoblastic differentiation, and decreasing osteoclastic activities. This newly uncovered mechanism could become a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AP and minimize the persistence of osteolytic lesions in refractory cases.
The Joint Application of P and Ammonium enhances soybean root growth and P uptake
Authors: Rosolem Ciro A. , Dias Patricia Pereira , Neto Laudelino Vieira Mota , Calonego Juliano Carlos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeSoil phosphorus is transported to plant roots by diffusion, which is very slow. Therefore, the position of the applied fertilizer and the plant root length density will affect P uptake and utilization efficiency. It has been shown in neutral/alkaline soils that the joint application of P and N-NH+4 increases maize root proliferation and P acquisition, but this has not been shown in acidic soils for legumes. MethodsSoybean was grown for 25 days in glass-walled pots. Treatments were a control without P, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) applied either on the soil surface (MAPB) or localized (MAPL), close to the seed furrow. Root growth was assessed every two days. ResultsSoil P increased irrespective of P source and localization. Rhizosphere pH was decreased by P fertilization while soil bulk pH was not affected. TSP increased root length by 55 % and MAP by 76 % over the control, on average, and the number of root tips was increased by 21% on average with TSP, 58% by MAP applied on the soil surface and 78% by MAP localized. Soybean dry matter yields, N and P uptake, as well as P use efficiency were increased by P fertilization, mainly when MAP was localized. Rhizosphere pH was decreased by MAP, mainly when applied close to the roots. ConclusionPhosphorus uptake by soybean early in the cycle is increased by the joint application of P and ammonium through the decrease in rhizosphere pH resulting in root proliferation.
Measuring the Impact of Deprivation on Infants Born Preterm for Learning Difficulties and Behaviour: A Cohort Study
Authors: Isaac Thomas C W , Odd Dawn , Edwards Martin , Chakraborty Mallinath , Kotecha Sarah J , Kotecha Sailesh , Odd David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To identify if children born preterm to families with higher levels of social deprivation are disproportionately more likely to have learning difficulties than those with lower levels of social deprivation.Methods: Data from the RANOPS (Respiratory And Neurological Outcomes in children born Preterm Study) was used to assess the prevalence of learning difficulties. The effects of preterm birth (gestation of less than 37 weeks) and deprivation (measured using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD)) were reviewed. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to examine if gestational age and deprivation impacts interacted after adjustment for possible confounders. Primary outcome measure was parent-reported learning difficulties. Secondary outcome measures were parent-reported behavioural problems and the need for a statement of special educational need.Results: We investigated the developmental outcomes of 6,691 infants with a median age of 5 years at time of survey (IQR 5). Deprivation decile (OR 1.08 (1.03-1.12)) and preterm birth (OR 2.67 (2.02-3.53)) were both associated with increased risk of learning difficulties. There was little evidence for any interaction between preterm birth and deprivation (p=0.298) and the risk of learning difficulties.Conclusions: Deprivation and preterm birth both have significant associations with learning difficulties. While deprivation does not appear to have potentiated the impact of preterm birth, preterm infants in the most deprived areas have the highest risk of learning difficulties with almost 1 in 3 extremely premature born infants with a learning difficulty in the most deprived areas.
Occupational Exposure and Non-hodgkin Lymphoma: a Brazilian Hospital-based Case-control Study
Authors: Sarpa Marcia , Costa Vanessa Índio do Brasil da , Ferreira Sâmila Natiane , Almeida Carolina Ávila , Oliveira Paula Gabriela , Vargas Letícia Mesquita , Schilithz Arthur OC , Stefanoff Claudio Gustavo , Hassan Rocio , Otero Ubirani Barros 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy of the lymphoid lineage of the hematopoietic system and has increased worldwide, especially in developed countries. Better diagnostic and recording techniques, longer life expectancy, and greater exposure to risk factors are hypotheses for this growing incidence curve. Occupational exposures to chemical, biological, and physical agents have also been associated with NHL development. This study described the profile of the target population, the past illnesses and estimated the association between chemical, biological, and physical risk factors from occupational exposure and the occurrence of NHL in Brazil.Methods: This hospital-based observational case-control study was developed at the Cancer Hospital I (HCI), Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Brazil, between 2013 and 2016. The 215 studied adult patients were diagnosed with NHL and resided in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group included 455 visitors or companions of patients with non-hematologic neoplasia from the HCI/INCA. Socio-demographic, clinical, and occupational exposure data were obtained through individual interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were obtained through medical records. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the INCA under registration number 135/11.Results: Associations were found between risk of total NHL and, any solvents (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.42–4.00), hydrocarbon solvents (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.17–3.49), pesticides (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.15–8.90), animal and visceral material (OR = 4.67; 95% CI: 1.36–16.05) and solar radiation (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.07–4.62). Furthermore, exposure to solvents and hydrocarbons solvents for more than 10 years increased the chance of developing B-cell and T-cell lymphoma. Exposure to metals, pesticides, animal and visceral material, and solar radiation increased the chance of T-cell lymphoma, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma and DLBCL, and B-cell lymphoma, respectively.Conclusion: This is the first hospital-based case-control study conducted in Brazil that confirms the association between occupational exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents and the development of NHL. The results of this study agree with other international studies and will support strategies for surveillance and control of work-related cancer in Brazil.
Working Principle of the Calibration Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Solar Imaging with SKA Precursor
Authors: Kansabanik Devojyoti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Imaging the low-frequency radio Sun at high fidelity is an intrinsically challenging problem. Solar emissions span angular scales of a few degrees to the instrumental resolution and are composed of highly variable emissions over both temporal and spectral axis and, also covering a few orders of magnitude in brightness temperature. Unique array design of the Murchison Widefield Array(MWA), which is a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor, the state-of-the-art calibration and imaging pipeline, called AIRCARS, produces the high dynamic range spectroscopic snapshot solar images than ever made. The working principle and the strength of AIRCARS are discussed based on statistical analysis and simulation. AIRCARS can perform calibration of the solar observations and other bright astronomical sources even without any dedicated calibrator observations. AIRCARS uses the partial phase stability of the arrays with a compact core having a large number of antennas distributed over a small array footprint. It has been shown that AIRCARS can also perform calibration of radio interferometers with a much longer array footprint, but having a compact core. The strength of the novel algorithm of the AIRCARS makes it a state-of-the-art calibration pipeline, which is highly suitable for the upcoming SKA and other future radio interferometers for performing calibration and producing high dynamic range and high fidelity solar images of the Sun.
The Use of Phosphorescence Oxygen Analyzer to Measure Cellular Respiration in Thymic Fragments from Mice
Authors: Shamsi Mariam Al , Hassane Maya , Almarzooqi Farida , Souid Abdul-Kader 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis report aims to detail the use of phosphorescence oxygen analyzer for in vitro investigation of the thymic response to pharmaceutical agents, in particular immunosuppressants and immunomodulators. Sirolimus (a highly specific inhibitor of the ‘molecular target of rapamycin’, mTOR) and ozanimod (an agonist of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a recently approved drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis) were investigated for this purpose. The detection method in this prescribed analytical instrument is based on the principle that oxygen quenches the phosphorescence of Pd(II) meso-tetra (sulfophenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin.MethodsThymic fragments from mice were placed in vials containing 2.0 mL phosphate-buffered saline, 0.5% fat-free bovine albumin, and 3 µM Pd phosphor (with or without added glucose). The vials were then sealed from air and their dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored at 25oC as a function of time.ResultsThe kinetics of oxygen consumption was zero-order; thus, its rate (in µM O2 min− 1) was the negative of d[O2]/dt. The addition of cyanide inhibited respiration, confirming oxygen was consumed in cytochrome oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In age-matched mice, the rate of thymocyte (cellular) respiration (mean ± SD, in µM O2 min− 1 mg− 1) was 0.046 ± 0.011 (median = 0.043, range = 0.028 to 0.062, n = 10). In thymic fragments from littermates, this rate was inhibited in the presence of sirolimus (16% lower) or ozanimod (29% lower).ConclusionsRespiration can serve as a surrogate biomarker for studying the mode-of-action and cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and immunosuppressants in thymic fragments collected from mice.
Comparison of the PSMA target efficiency and in vivo biodistribution among [68Ga]ludotadipep, [18F]DCFPyL, and [68Ga]PSMA-11 in a tumor xenograft model
Authors: Kim Min Hwan , Lee Kyongkyu , Kim Chul Hee , Lee Sang Hwon , Park Chansoo , Kil Hee Seup , Lee Yong Jin , Lee Kyo Chul , Chi Dae Yoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We have compared the similarity of the in vivo distribution of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents [18F]DCFPyL, [68Ga]ludotadipep, and [68Ga]PSMA-11. This study is designed for a further selection of a PSMA-targeted PET imaging agent for the therapeutic evaluation of [177Lu]ludotadipep, our previously developed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted prostate cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. In vitro cell uptake was performed to evaluate the affinity to PSMA using PSMA + PC3-PIP, and PSMA − PC3-flu was used for the study. MicroPET/CT 60 min dynamic imaging and biodistribution were performed at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the PSMA + tumor target efficiency. In the microPET/CT image, [68Ga]PSMA-11 showed the highest uptake in the kidney among all three compounds. [18F]DCFPyL and [68Ga]PSMA-11 showed similar patterns of in vivo biodistribution and high tumor targeting efficiency, similar to those of [68Ga]ludotadipep. All three agents showed high uptake in tumor tissue on autoradiography, and PSMA expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, [18F]DCFPyL or [68Ga]PSMA-11 can be used as a PET imaging agent to monitor [177Lu]ludotadipep therapy in prostate cancer patients.
The optimization of single point incremental forming (SPIF) to produce conical cups
Authors: Wu Ming-Chang , Liao Yu-Bo , Lai Jyun-Wei , Tsao chung-chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is an economical and fast sheet metal forming technique, which does not require a set of specified and complicated dies and a press machine. A finite element method (FEM) model of an incremental sheet metal formed conical cup is developed using ABAQUS software. The geometric shape and processing parameters for the punch of the tool path on the thinnest (T) and uniformity (U) of the sidewall thickness of a finished conical cup are measured by SPIF. The SPIF variables for the experimental design include the punch diameter (D), the Z-axis feed-down distance (Z), the rotational speed of the punch (R) and the feed rate (F). The experiment uses 25 sets of analogs and a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Minitab software is used for a regression analysis and to develop the prediction equations for T and U for a finished conical cup. The FEM model and response surface methodology (RSM) are used to determine the optimum design for T and U for a finished conical cup. Compared with the prediction equations for T and U for a finished conical cup that are calculated using RSM, the results for the FEM demonstrate excellent accuracy.
Tree species matter for forest microclimate regulation during the drought year 2018: Disentangling environmental drivers and biotic drivers
Authors: Richter Ronny , Ballasus Helen , Engelmann Rolf A. , Zielhofer Christopher , Wirth Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tree canopies are considered to effectively buffer climate extremes and to mitigate climate change effects. Droughts, which are predicted to become more frequent in the course of climate change, might alter the microclimatic cooling potential of trees. However, our understanding of how microclimate at the tree canopy level is modulated by environmental and tree characteristics and their interactions is still limited. Here, we investigated canopy temperature regulation for five mature co-occurring tree species for two contrasting hydrological situations during the severe drought in 2018. Even though we observed a significant drought-induced decline in canopy cover and transpiration across tree species, we found evidence that differences in the water use strategies of trees affected cooling mechanisms differently. Although a large share of the variations in the cooling potential of trees was explained by direct and indirect effects of meteorological factors, we identified a gradual shift in importance from lateral heat flux to components defining the magnitude of sensible heat flux on the energy budget of tree as the drought gained severity. The decrease in latent heat fluxes, approximated by sap flux rates, furthermore resulted in a reduced cooling potential and an equalization of tree species canopy temperatures.
Galton’s regression to and away from the mean
Authors: de champeaux dennis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Francis Galton’s achievements include the phenomenon of IQ regression to the mean of descendants in a hereditary context. A naïve interpretation yields that subsequent generations ultimately converge to the mean of the distribution, a fix point. We provide a simple assumption regarding descendants so that we obtain a counter balancing force, regression away from the mean, which will preserve an initial distribution. The argument is supported by ‘experimental’ statistics. We discretize a normal distribution, and subsequently replace many times a parent by a child, where a parent and a child are generated randomly, while the child is constrained by the regression equation. Our simple assumption guarantees that the original distribution is preserved. We obtain the regression to the mean effect from the perspective of the parent and a regression away from the mean effect from the perspective of the descendants. Our assumption, and others, corresponds, we believe, with a conjecture about the ‘mechanics’ for the generation of a specific heritable trait.
A comprehensive genomic reporting structure for communicating all clinically significant primary and secondary findings
Authors: Sam Jordan , Reble Emma , Kodida Rita , Shaw Angela , Clausen Marc , Salazar Mariana Gutierrez , Shickh Salma , Mighton Chloe , Carroll June , Armel Susan Randall , Aronson Melyssa , Capo-Chichi José-Mario , Cohn Iris , Eisen Andrea , Elser Christine , Graham Tracy , Ott Karen , Panchal Seema , Piccinin Carolyn , Schrader Kasmintan , Kim Raymond , Lerner-Ellis Jordan , Bombard Yvonne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Genomic sequencing (GS) can reveal secondary findings (SFs), findings unrelated to the reason for testing, that can be overwhelming to both patients and providers. An effective approach for communicating all clinically significant primary and secondary GS results is needed to effectively manage this large volume of results. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive approach to communicate all clinically significant primary and SF results. A genomic test report with accompanying patient and provider letters were developed in 3 phases: review of current clinical reporting practices, consulting with genetic and non-genetics experts, and iterative refinement through circulation to key stakeholders. The genomic test report and consultation letters present a myriad of clinically relevant GS results in distinct, tabulated sections, including primary and secondary findings, with in-depth details of each finding. They provide detailed variant and disease information, personal and familial risk assessments, clinical management details, and additional resources to help support providers and patients with implementing healthcare recommendations related to their GS results. The report and consultation letters represent a comprehensive approach to communicate all clinically significant SFs to patients and providers, facilitating clinical management of GS results.