bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus in COVID-19 intensive care unit; what is lurking above your head?
Authors: Dailly Sue , Boatswain Erin , Brooks Julie , Campbell Glen , Dallow Katy , Dushianthan Ahilanandan , Glover Sarah , Griffiths Melanie , Gupta Sanjay , Austin James , Chambers Robert , Jeremiah Sarah , Morris Charlotte , Mahobia Nitin , Poxon Martyn , Rickman Alison , Jaques Helen , Yam Tatshing , Saeed Kordo 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Through routine respiratory samples surveillance among COVID-19 patients in the intensive care, three patients with aspergillus were identified in a newly opened general intensive care unit during the second wave of the pandemic. Methodology As no previous cases of aspergillus had occurred since the unit had opened. An urgent multidisciplinary outbreak meeting was held. The possible sources of aspergillus infection were explored. The multidisciplinary approach enabled stakeholders from different skills to discuss possible sources and management strategies. Environmental precipitants like air handling units were considered and the overall clinical practice was reviewed. Settle plates were placed around the unit to identify the source. Reports of recent water leaks were also investigated. Results Growth of aspergillus on a settle plate was identified the potential source above a nurse’s station. This was the site of a historic water leak from the ceiling above, that resolved promptly and was not investigated further. Subsequent investigation above the ceiling tiles found pooling of water and mould due to a slow water leak from a pipe. Conclusion Water leaks in patient areas should be promptly notified to infection prevention. Detailed investigation to ascertain the actual cause of the leak and ensure any remedial work could be carried out swiftly. Outbreak meetings that include diverse people with various expertises (clinical and non-clinical) can enable prompt identification and resolution of contaminated areas to minimise risk to patients and staff. During challenging pandemic periods hospitals must not lose focus on other clusters and outbreaks occurring simultaneously.
Designing an optimal infection prevention service: Part 2
Authors: Robinson Jude , Price Lesley , Otter Jon , Burnett Emma 
Published: September 2022

Background The importance of infection prevention and control (IPC) services to prevent threats from healthcare-associated infections and improve the quality of healthcare delivery is undeniable. However, IPC services across the UK and Ireland have substantial variability in terms of team structures and delivery models. Aim The aim of this study was to define an optimal IPC service in different contexts and settings within the United Kingdom and Ireland. Methods This mixed methods study adopted discussion huddles with IPC teams to explore various components of IPC programmes and services. A Nominal Group technique was then undertaken to achieve a group consensus of what an optimal infection prevention service should look like. Results Five discussion huddles were conducted which included 53 participants in total. Key themes arising were IPC Service Priorities, IPC Service Enablers for Success, and Necessary Skills and Expertise Required for Delivering an Effective IPC Service. For the nominal technique, 45 responses were identified which were determining the key priorities for an effective IPC service and 69 responses for establishing key enablers for success. Discussion These findings supported the development of a conceptual model for designing an optimal infection prevention service, which can be used to develop IPC services at an international, national, regional and local level. A focus is required around implementation of these highlighted enablers, so are effectively embedded into infection prevention and control services, and wider healthcare settings.
Management of iatrogenic ulnar nerve palsies after cross pinning of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: A systematic review
Authors: Graff Christy , Dounas George Dennis , Sung Jonghoo , Kumawat Medhir , Huang Yue , Todd Maya 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Up to 4% of patients who undergo cross pinning of a pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture sustain an iatrogenic ulnar nerve palsy (IUNP). This study aims to summarize the evidence regarding the management of IUNP in this setting, and to identify if early intervention (early wire removal or exploration) leads to faster and/or more complete recovery of the ulnar nerve. Methods: A formal systematic review was undertaken, with databases searched including Ovid Medline, Embase and Cochrane central. This was performed in accordance with JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Results: In all, 26 articles were included in final evaluation, reporting a total of 179 IUNP. In all, 153 cases (85%) were managed expectantly, reporting full recovery at final follow-up (average 4.5 months) in 140 cases (91%). There were 26 cases of IUNP which were managed with early wire removal and/or exploration, of which 22 had full recovery (85%). There were 17 cases of 179 (9%) which did not have full recovery. Conclusion: The majority of IUNP are managed expectantly, with approximately 90% achieving full recovery at final follow-up. The literature does not support early wire removal and/or exploration, possibly because the damage to the nerve is done at the time of wire placement.
Recruitment strategies and reach of a digital fall-prevention intervention for community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Pettersson Beatrice , Bajraktari Saranda , Skelton Dawn A , Zingmark Magnus , Rosendahl Erik , Lundin-Olsson Lillemor , Sandlund Marlene 
Published: September 2022

Background To have an impact on the population's health, preventive interventions have to reach a large proportion of the intended population. Digital solutions show potential for providing wider access to fall preventive exercise. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how to reach the target group. The aim of this study was to describe the recruitment process used in the Safe Step randomised controlled trial and the characteristics of the participants reached. Methods Several recruitment methods, both digital and non-digital, were adopted to reach the intended sample size. Sociodemographic parameters from the baseline questionnaire were used to describe participant characteristics. The characteristics were also compared to a representative sample of older adults in the Swedish population. Results In total, 1628 older adults were recruited. Social media proved to be the most successful recruitment strategy, through which 76% of the participants were recruited. The participants reached had a mean age of 75.9 years, lived in both urban and rural locations, were already frequent users of the Internet and applications (smartphone/tablet) (79.9%), had higher education (71.9%), and a large proportion were women (79.4%). In comparison with the general population participants in the Safe Step study were more highly educated ( p < 0.001), women in the study more frequently lived alone ( p < 0.001) and men more often reported poorer self-rated health ( p = 0.04). Within the study, men reported a faster deteriorating balance ( p = 0.003) and more prescribed medication ( p < 0.001) than women. Conclusion Recruitment via social media is a useful strategy for reaching older adults, especially women and frequent users of the Internet, for a fully self-managed and digital fall prevention exercise intervention. This study underlines that a range of interventions must be available to attract and suit older adults with different functional statuses and digital skills.
Primary Repair of Medial Collateral Ligament Tears With Suture Augmentation
Authors: Yang Xiuyi A. , Vermeijden Harmen D. , Holuba Kurt , O’Brien Robert , DiFelice Gregory S. 
Published: September 2022

Background: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is considered to have superior healing and has classically been treated nonoperatively in low-grade MCL injuries. The MCL injury in the setting of concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is usually treated with a delay of surgery to allow for nonoperative MCL treatment. Recent studies have shown that even with grade II MCL injury there may be residual laxity which may affect place greater strain on an ACL graft in the multi-ligamentous setting and can be corrected for with early primary repair of the MCL which also allows for early definitive treatment of concurrent ipsilateral ligamentous injuries. Indications: All patients are potential candidates given sufficient tissue quality for repair; however, this procedure is preferably performed acutely to avoid scarring, quadriceps strength loss, and allow for early intervention to any concurrent ipsilateral ligamentous knee injury. This technique may be performed on both proximal and distal MCL injuries with the same anchor positioning in either case. Technique Description: The torn superficial and deep MCL are sutured using a Bunnell-type pattern. The superficial proximal MCL is then fixed to its anatomic footprint using a suture anchor preloaded with an internal suture tape augmentation. A second small incision is made over the tibial insertion of the MCL and a passing suture is channeled from the distal to proximal incision under a skin bridge to retrieve the suture tape. The suture tape is then deployed with appropriate tensioning to the anatomic distal insertion point of the superficial MCL using a second suture anchor. Results: There is currently no published data regarding patient outcomes after MCL primary repair with suture augmentation. Our preliminary unpublished data with 49 patients treated with this technique and a variety of concomitant ligamentous injury with average follow-up of 1.7 years showed no MCL repair failures. Four patients experienced more than 10° of flexion range of motion loss, and 3 had residual valgus laxity of grade 1 at 0° and 30° of flexion. Conclusion: Primary MCL repair provides a minimally invasive treatment option for medial laxity, while the suture augmentation allows for early range of motion. Furthermore, this approach avoids delayed definitive surgical intervention of concomitant ligamentous injuries in the setting of combined multi-ligamentous injuries.
The von Willebrand factor–binding aptamer rondaptivon pegol as a treatment for severe and nonsevere hemophilia A
Authors: Ay Cihan , Kovacevic Katarina D. , Kraemmer Daniel , Schoergenhofer Christian , Gelbenegger Georg , Firbas Christa , Quehenberger Peter , Jilma-Stohlawetz Petra , Gilbert James C. , Zhu Shuhao , Beliveau Martin , Koenig Franz , Iorio Alfonso , Jilma Bernd , Derhaschnig Ulla , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) circulates in a noncovalent complex with von Willebrand Factor (VWF), the latter determining FVIII half-life. The VWF-binding aptamer rondaptivon pegol (BT200) increases plasma levels of VWF/FVIII in healthy volunteers. This trial assessed its safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in hemophilia A. Nineteen adult patients (ages 20-62 years, 4 women) with hemophilia A (8 mild, 2 moderate, and 9 severe) received subcutaneous injections of rondaptivon pegol. After an initial fixed dose of 3 mg on days 0 and 4, patients received weekly doses of 2 to 9 mg until day 28. Severe hemophilia A patients underwent sparse-sampling population pharmacokinetics individual profiling after the final dose of rondaptivon pegol. Adverse events, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were assessed. FVIII activity and VWF levels were measured. All patients tolerated rondaptivon pegol well. The geometric mean half-life of rondaptivon pegol was 5.4 days and rondaptivon pegol significantly increased VWF levels. In severe hemophilia A, 6 doses of rondaptivon pegol increased the half-lives of 5 different FVIII products from a median of 10.4 hours to 31.1 hours (range, 20.8-56.0 hours). Median FVIII increased from 22% to 48% in mild hemophilia A and from 3% to 7.5% in moderate hemophilia A. Rondaptivon pegol is a first-in-class prohemostatic molecule that extended the half-life of substituted FVIII approximately 3-fold and increased endogenous FVIII levels approximately 2-fold in hemophilia patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04677803.
Preventive treatment can reverse cognitive impairment in chronic migraine
Authors: González-Mingot Cristina , Gil-Sánchez Anna , Canudes-Solans Marc , Peralta-Moncusi Silvia , Solana-Moga Maria José , Brieva-Ruiz Luis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the impact of chronic migraine (CM) on the cognition and quality of life (QoL) of patients in the interictal period, and to analyse the degree of reversibility of any observed alterations following the use of preventive treatment.BackgroundCM is a highly disabling disease, and migraineurs often have associated comorbidities, such as subjective memory problems, that are involved in the development of cognitive impairment. Our hypotheses are that patients suffering from chronic migraine experience objective cognitive alterations that are not only due to the pain that they suffer or their current emotional state. Furthermore, preventive treatment should be capable of reversing, or at least reducing, the impact of CM on the cognition and QoL of migraineurs.MethodsThe cognition and QoL of 50 control subjects and 46 patients with CM were assessed using a battery of tests, prior to the use of preventive treatment based on botulinum toxin or oral drugs and after 3 months of this treatment.ResultsCompared with controls, patients with CM had lower scores on the assessment of cognitive performance (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test [ROCF] (p<0.05), Trail Making Test [TMT] B) (p < 0.05) and QoL (p < 0.05). Three months after the use of preventive treatment, improvement was observed in all cognitive parameters (p < 0.05) and QoL (p < 0.05), except the ROCF copy task (p = 0.79). No statistically significant differences were observed when these outcomes were compared based on treatment.ConclusionsThis study confirms poor cognitive performance that is not explained by migraine pain itself, as it occurs in the interictal period, irrespective of the patient’s emotional status. Our findings show that these effects are reversible in some cases with preventive treatment of CM, reaffirming the important impact of this condition on the QoL of these patients, and the need to establish preventive treatment guidelines.
The portrayal of animal interactions in nature documentaries by David Attenborough and Bernhard Grzimek
Authors: McKay Calum J. , Sommer-Trembo Carolin , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMillions of people across the world have been exposed to the wildlife documentaries of David Attenborough and Bernhard Grzimek, who have thus greatly influenced the public’s views on nature and biodiversity. We investigated the way organisms’ biology is portrayed in these documentaries, quantifying different types of animal interactions shown. We evaluated 1498 (Attenborough) and 391 (Grzimek) interactions within- and between-species from documentaries covering a wide range of environments and animal taxa, first aired between 1956 and 2019. We tested whether the relative frequencies of different interactions were influenced by temporal trends as well as by the presenters and their production teams who likely reflect the given Zeitgeist in the UK compared to the European mainland. For our categorisation of animal interactions, we contrasted interspecific versus intraspecific interactions and antagonistic versus cooperative behaviour. While Grzimek’s documentaries put a stronger emphasis on cooperation and Attenborough’s on antagonistic behaviour, the trends were not statistically significant. Furthermore, these patterns show no significant change over time, contrasting with the changing view among biologists that cooperation is more predominant than considered in the traditional understanding of nature as ‘red in tooth and claw’.
External ventricular drain placement is associated with lower mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Warren Andrew D. , Li Qi , Schwab Kristin , McKaig Brenna , Goldstein Alexa N. , Greenberg Steven M. , Viswanathan Anand , Anderson Christopher , Gurol M. Edip , Patel Aman , Goldstein Joshua N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Many patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) develop intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which is associated with higher mortality and worse clinical outcome. External ventricular drains (EVDs) are often placed, but there is little data on how much patients benefit from this intervention. We explored the use, timing, and location of EVD in ICH patients and any association with clinical outcome.

Results
During the study period, 2870 patients presented with primary ICH, and 2486 were included in analyses. Overall, patients were 73 (± 13) years old; 54% were male, and 46% had associated IVH. An EVD was placed in 29% of patients with IVH and 4% of those without. IVH patients with EVD were younger (67 ± 13 vs 74 ± 13, p < 0.001), had larger IVH volumes (17 mL vs 8 mL, p < 0.001), and lower GCS scores (7 vs 10, p < 0.001), compared to those without EVD. Ninety-day mortality was available in 2486 (100%) patients, while 90-day mRS was available in 1673 (67.3%). In univariate analysis, EVD placement was associated with lower likelihood of 90-day mortality (53% vs 59%, p = 0.048) but higher likelihood of poor outcome (88% vs 85%, p < 0.001) in those for whom this was available. Those with poor outcomes underwent faster EVD placement (0.46 days vs. 0.96 days, p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, EVD placement was associated with lower 90-day mortality (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.053–0.657, p = 0.009), but not with lower odds of poor outcome (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.508–5.309, p = 0.4). In multivariate analysis, days to EVD placement was associated with lower 90-day mortality (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96, p = 0.027).

Conclusion
IVH is relatively common after ICH. After controlling for potential confounds, EVD placement is associated with lower mortality, but not clearly with better neurologic outcome. In addition, more rapid EVD placement is associated with higher mortality, potentially reflecting early development of herniation or obstructive hydrocephalus.
Laparoscopic large adrenal mass resection: why we should be more careful?
Authors: Varyani Mohsen , Parvin Mahmood , Akbari Gilani Hamidreza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor originating from the adrenal medulla, and surgical removal is the main treatment. We report a case of large size pheochromocytoma that was removed laparoscopically without preoperative blockade of alfa adrenergic receptors.

Case presentation
A 58-y-old woman was referred to our center with incidentally found 7 cm right adrenal mass. She did not have any history of hypercatecholamine state, and 24 h urine test for catecholamine metabolites was in normal range; we thought there is no need for preoperative catecholamine blockade. She was scheduled for laparoscopic mass resection, and during the operation, there was no significant bleeding and no major hypertension or hypotension crisis. The final pathology report was pheochromocytoma.

Conclusion
As the catecholamine release of pheochromocytoma may be periodic and inconsistent, the preoperative test should be repeated especially for large adrenal tumors.
Impact assessment of the loss of glyphosate within the EU: a literature review
Authors: Wynn Sarah , Webb Elise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFollowing the introduction of glyphosate in 1974, its efficacy against a vast range of weeds and its low price has established it as Europe’s most widely used herbicide. However, concerns about possible health and environmental impacts now threaten its continued approval for use. This review considers the contribution of glyphosate to European agriculture and the likely impacts on crop production if it were to be withdrawn. Without glyphosate, EU farmers could experience losses in wheat production of up to 24 Mt (worth €10.5 billion), 10.4 Mt in potatoes (worth €2 billion), and 4.7 Mt in grapes (worth €4.2 billion). Withdrawal of glyphosate would result in an increase in soil tillage, damaging the environment through soil structure degradation, increased risk of soil erosion, reduced soil biodiversity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions of 1.4–3.8 Mt CO2e per year across the EU through oxidation of organic matter. Increased machinery usage would require 15–44 L more fuel per hectare. Alternative weed control strategies are both less effective and more costly, often requiring additional labour at times of peak demand. They are also less effective at providing lasting control across a broad range of species and are inapplicable to conservation tillage practices.
Detecting antibody reactivities in Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing data
Authors: Chen Athena , Kammers Kai , Larman H Benjamin , Scharpf Robert B. , Ruczinski Ingo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) is a recently developed technology to assess antibody reactivity, quantifying antibody binding towards hundreds of thousands of candidate epitopes. The output from PhIP-Seq experiments are read count matrices, similar to RNA-Seq data; however some important differences do exist. In this manuscript we investigated whether the publicly available method edgeR (Robinson et al., Bioinformatics 26(1):139–140, 2010) for normalization and analysis of RNA-Seq data is also suitable for PhIP-Seq data. We find that edgeR is remarkably effective, but improvements can be made and introduce a Bayesian framework specifically tailored for data from PhIP-Seq experiments (Bayesian Enrichment Estimation in R, BEER).
Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from suckling piglets with colibacillosis
Authors: Seo Kwangwon , Do Kyung-Hyo , Lee Wan-Kyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesColibacillosis is a frequent enteric disease in the pig industry that causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistantE. coliisolates from suckling piglets with colibacillosis.ResultsA total of 43 FQ-resistantE. coliisolates were tested in this study and all isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions (gyrAorparC). Especially, FQ-resistantE. coliisolates with double mutations in bothgyrAandparCwere shown a high FQs minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ 64 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, ≥ 128 mg/L for enrofloxacin, and ≥ 256 mg/L for norfloxacin). Among 43 FQ-resistantE. coliisolates, 12 (27.9%) were showed plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) positiveE. coli. Prevalence of PMQR gene,aac(6’)-Ib-cr,qnrS, andqepA, were identified in 7, 3, and 2E. coliisolates, respectively. We identified the following in PMQR-positiveE. coliisolates: the tetracycline resistance genestetD(12 isolates, 100.0%),tetE(12 isolates, 100.0%),tetA(11 isolates, 91.7%), andtetB(1 isolate, 8.3%); β-lactamases–encodingblaCMY-2(10 isolates, 83.3%),blaTEM-1(7 isolates, 58.3%),blaOXA-1(7 isolates, 58.3%),blaSHV-1(3 isolates, 16.7%), andblaAAC-2(1 isolate, 8.3%); and the chloramphenicol resistance genes (10 isolates, 83.3%); the sulfonamide resistance genessul1(9 isolates, 75.0%) andsul2(10 isolates, 83.3%); the aminoglycoside modifying enzyme geneaac(3)-II(2 isolates, 16.7%). The F4 (7 isolates, 58.3%), LT:STb:EAST1 (5 isolates, 41.7%), and paa (3 isolates, 25.0%) were most common fimbrial antigen, combinations of toxin genes, and non-fimbrial adhesins genes, respectively. All PMQR-positiveE. colicarried class I integrons but only 4 isolates carried the gene cassette. The most prevalent plasmid replicon was FIB (9 isolates, 75.0%), followed by FIC, HI1, and N (7 isolates, 58.3%), respectively.ConclusionsBecause FQ-resistantE. colican serve as a reservoir of FQ resistant genetic determinants that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria in humans or pigs, this represents a public health hazard.