bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal uniformity enhancement of the motorcycle exhaust thermoelectric generator—Part 2: Muffler outlet optimization
Authors: Hong Thong Duc , Nghiem Quan Thien Phan , Hua Phuc Bao , Vo Tan Viet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFollowing the development of the muffler with the optimal guide fins (MOGF) in the companion paper (Part 1), this study optimizes the muffler outlet in terms of structure and geometry to further improve the thermal uniformity of the hot‐side heat exchanger (HHE). Two outlet structures and two outlet geometry parameters (i.e., outlet angle φ and outlet position y) are proposed. The exhaust flow uniformity of HHE serves as an assessment criterion in numerous computational fluid dynamics simulations to determine the optimal outlet structure and optimal values of φ and y. The outlet of the MOGF is then modified based on the simulation results to create the muffler with the optimal guide fins and outlet (MOGFO). Various experiments on the MOGFO are conducted to verify the simulation results and evaluate the improvement of the HHE's thermal uniformity. The simulation results prove that the optimal outlet improves the exhaust flow uniformity by 1.78% on average compared with the original outlet. In experiments, the combination of optimal muffler's outlet and optimal muffler's guide fins on the MOGFO raises the thermal uniformity of HHE by an average of 22.71% and 50% compared with the MOGF and the muffler model with nonoptimal guide fins and outlet in Part 1, respectively. The remarkable outcomes of this paper, together with Part 1, are expected to enhance the efficiency and lifespan of the thermoelectric generator unit.
Cabozantinib‐nivolumab sequence in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: The CABIR study
Authors: Vano Yann‐Alexandre , Phan Letuan , Gravis Gwenaelle , Korakis Iphigénie , Schlürmann Friederike , Maillet Denis , Bennamoun Mostefa , Houede Nadine , Topart Delphine , Borchiellini Delphine , Barthelemy Philippe , Ratta Raffaele , Ryckewaert Thomas , Hasbini Ali , Hans Sophie , Emambux Sheik , Cournier Sandra , Braychenko Elena , Elaidi Réza‐Thierry , Oudard Stéphane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNivolumab and cabozantinib are approved agents in mRCC patients after sunitinib/pazopanib (TKI) failure. However, the optimal sequence, cabozantinib then nivolumab (CN) or nivolumab then cabozantinib (NC), is still unknown. The CABIR study aimed to identify the optimal sequence between CN and NC after frontline VEGFR‐TKI. In this multicenter retrospective study, we collected data from mRCC pts receiving CN or NC, after frontline VEGFR‐TKI. A propensity score (PrS) was calculated to manage bias selection, and sequence comparisons were carried out with a cox model on a matched sample 1:1. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) from the start of second line to progression in third line (PFS2‐3). Key secondary endpoints included overall survival from second line (OS2). Out of 139 included mRCC patients, 38 (27%) and 101 (73%) received CN and NC, respectively. Overlap in PrS allowed 1:1 matching for each CN pts, with characteristics well balanced. For both PFS2‐3 and OS2, NC sequence was superior to CN (PFS2‐3: HR = 0.58 [0.34‐0.98], P = .043; OS2: 0.66 [0.42‐1.05], P = .080). Superior PFS2‐3 was in patients treated between 6 and 18 months with prior VEGFR‐TKI (P = .019) and was driven by a higher PFSL3 with cabozantinib when given after nivolumab (P < .001). The CABIR study shows a prolonged PFS of the NC sequence compared to CN in mRCC after first line VEGFR‐TKI failure. The data suggest that cabozantinib may be more effective than nivolumab in the third‐line setting, possibly related to an ability of cabozantinib to overcome resistance to PD‐1 blockade.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: Amulti‐institutionalstudy from the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative
Authors: Rich Barrie S. , Fishbein Joanna , Lautz Timothy , Rubalcava Nathan S. , Kartal Tanvi , Newman Erika , Wok Pei En , Romao Rodrigo L. P. , Whitlock Richard , Naik‐Mathuria Bindi , Polites Stephanie F. , Løfberg Katrine , Lascano Danny , Kim Eugene , Davidson Jacob , Bütter Andreana , Kastenberg Zachary J. , Short Scott S. , Meyers Rebecka L. , Mastropolo Rosemarie , Malek Marcus M. , Weller Jennine , Irfan Ahmer , Rhee Daniel S. , Utria Alan F. , Rothstein David H. , Riehle Kimberly , Commander Sarah Jane , Tracy Elisabeth , Becktell Kerri , Hallis Brian , Lal Dave , Li Orville , Dal‐Soglio Dorothé B. , Piché Nelson , Quevedo Oswaldo Gomez , Murphy Andrew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Barber Jo Cooke , Watters Erin , Dasgupta Roshni , Glick Richard D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm of intermediate malignancy. We describe the largest cohort of IMT patients to date, aiming to further characterize this rare, poorly understood tumor. This is a multi‐institutional review of IMT patients ≤39 years, from 2000 to 2018, at 18 hospitals in the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative. One hundred and eighty‐two patients were identified with median age of 11 years. Thirty‐three percent of tumors were thoracic in origin. Presenting signs/symptoms included pain (29%), respiratory symptoms (25%) and constitutional symptoms (20%). Median tumor size was 3.9 cm. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) overexpression was identified in 53% of patients. Seven percent of patients had distant disease at diagnosis. Ninety‐one percent of patients underwent resection: 14% received neoadjuvant treatment and 22% adjuvant treatment. Twelve percent of patients received an ALK inhibitor. Sixty‐six percent of surgical patients had complete resection, with 20% positive microscopic margins and 14% gross residual disease. Approximately 40% had en bloc resection of involved organs. Median follow‐up time was 36 months. Overall 5‐year survival was 95% and 5‐year event‐free survival was 80%. Predictors of recurrence included respiratory symptoms, tumor size and distant disease. Gross or microscopic margins were not associated with recurrence, suggesting that aggressive attempts at resection may not be warranted.
Targeting the lysosome: Mechanisms and treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pu Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe multiple functions of the lysosome, including degradation, nutrient sensing, signaling, and gene regulation, enable the lysosome to regulate lipid metabolism at different levels. In this review, I summarize the recent studies on lysosomal regulation of lipid metabolism and the alterations of the lysosome functions in the livers affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a highly prevalent lipid metabolic disorder. The progression of NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other severe liver diseases, and thus the prevention and treatments of NAFLD progression are critically needed. Targeting the lysosome is a promising strategy. I also discuss the current manipulations of the lysosome functions in the preclinical studies of NAFLD and propose my perspectives on potential future directions.
The modified COVID‐19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19‐YRSm) patient‐reported outcome measure for Long Covid or Post‐COVID‐19 syndrome
Authors: Sivan Manoj , Preston Nick , Parkin Amy , Makower Sophie , Gee Jeremy , Ross Denise , Tarrant Rachel , Davison Jennifer , Halpin Stephen , O'Connor Rory J. , Horton Mike 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe C19‐YRS is the literature's first condition‐specific, validated scale for patient assessment and monitoring in Post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS). The 22‐item scale's subscales (scores) are symptom severity (0–100), functional disability (0–50), additional symptoms (0–60), and overall health (0–10).ObjectivesThis study aimed to test the scale's psychometric properties using Rasch analysis and modify the scale based on analysis findings, emerging information on essential PCS symptoms, and feedback from a working group of patients and professionals.MethodsData from 370 PCS patients were assessed using a Rasch Measurement Theory framework to test model fit, local dependency, response category functioning, differential item functioning, targeting, reliability, and unidimensionality. The working group undertook iterative changes to the scale based on the psychometric results and including essential symptoms.ResultsSymptom severity and functional disability subscales showed good targeting and reliability. Post hoc rescoring suggested that a 4‐point response category structure would be more appropriate than an 11‐point response for both subscales. Symptoms with binary responses were placed in the other symptoms subscale. The overall health single‐item subscale remained unchanged.ConclusionA 17‐item C19‐YRSm was developed with subscales (scores): symptom severity (0–30), functional disability (0–15), other symptoms (0–25), and overall health (0–10).
Designing technology for on‐demand delivery: The effect of customer tipping on crowdsourced driver behavior and last mile performance
Authors: Castillo Vincent E. , Mollenkopf Diane A. , Bell John E. , Esper Terry L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrowdsourcing technology platforms specializing in on‐demand last mile delivery face a novel problem—heightened agent independence increases uncertainty in last mile delivery and has the potential to undermine operational performance. Uncertainty emanates from drivers' competing interests, or opportunity costs. Rather than increase remuneration, some platforms have designed the technology to allow customers to tip, but the subsequent effects on driver behavior and last mile performance have not yet been studied. We explore this feature of on‐demand delivery technology design—customer tipping—and its implications for crowdsourced delivery performance. Using netnography and secondary data sources, we empirically ground an adaptive, multi‐agent hybrid simulation to propose how customer tipping impacts service performance through context‐contingent driver behavior. Our results generally indicate that tipping as a technology design feature mitigates uncertainty in the crowdsourced delivery fleet and reduces fulfillment times and unit delivery costs. We also find evidence suggesting that the impact of tipping on driver behavior is geography‐contingent, with tipping having unexpectedly detrimental effects in high population density areas relative to low‐density areas. We conclude by making a series of theoretical propositions and managerial implications about designing technology to facilitate crowdsourced delivery.
Senior and technology entrepreneurship: An analysis forOECDcountries
Authors: Fernández‐López Sara , Rodeiro‐Pazos David , Zapata‐Huamaní Guillermo Andrés , Rodríguez‐Gulías María Jesús 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAging of the population has created a direct effect on economies and tension on social security systems. Policymakers have been senior entrepreneurship as an option to reduce unemployment and delay the age of retirement. The positive effects, of creating a firm increase when is operating in technology‐based sectors. This paper explores the technological and senior entrepreneurship relations, analyzing if age influences technological entrepreneurship and if determining factors for senior and non‐senior groups are different. By using a sample of 8637 entrepreneurs in 22 OECD countries based onGlobal Entrepreneurial Monitor2018 data, the results firstly show a negative effect of being a senior entrepreneur, understood as an entrepreneur aged 50+ years, on technological entrepreneurship. Secondly, it has been detected that in some way senior entrepreneurship follows a different pattern of the probability of entrepreneurship in technology sectors than the sample of the non‐senior entrepreneurs.
Classification of Thyroid Nodules by Using Deep Learning Radiomics Based on Ultrasound Dynamic Video
Authors: Zhang Chunquan , Liu Dan , Huang Long , Zhao Yu , Chen Lili , Guo Youmin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to design a radiomics model for differential diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma based on dynamic ultrasound video, and compare its diagnostic performance with that of radiomics model based on static ultrasound images.MethodsBetween January 2019 and May 2021, 890 patients with 1015 thyroid nodules (775 for training, 240 for validation) were prospectively enrolled. In total 890 patients underwent thyroidectomy within 1 month, and ultrasound dynamic video and static images were both acquired. Two deep learning (DL) models, namely DL‐video and DL‐image models, were proposed to diagnose thyroid nodules by analyzing ultrasound video and static images respectively. The performance of models was assessed by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The DL model on ultrasound cines was re‐visualized to help radiologists understand its potential working mechanism.ResultsThe AUC of DL‐video were 0.947 (95% CI: 0.931–0.963) and 0.923 (95% CI: 0.892–0.955) in training and validation cohorts, respectively. For DL‐image model, the AUC were 0.928 (95% CI: 0.910–0.945) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.819–0.910), respectively. The diagnosis performance of the DL‐video was superior to that of DL‐image, and there was significant difference between the AUC of DL‐video and DL‐image model in validation cohort (P = .028). The visualization demonstrated certain important ultrasound features that could be recognized by human eyes.ConclusionsThe proposed DL radiomics model based on dynamic ultrasound video can accurately and individually classified thyroid nodules. The constructed DL‐video model combining ultrasound video holds good potential for benefiting the management of patients with thyroid nodules.
A low seepage threshold and super‐toughness of polybutylene succinate‐based composites with double percolation structure: Synergy of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl butyral
Authors: Jia Shikui , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhu Yan , Yan Zongying , Zhang Guizhen , Zhao Zhongguo , Ding Liu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo obtain a super‐toughness and low seepage threshold for the conductivity of biodegradable soft polymer material, biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS)‐based composites with different contents of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by melt‐blending method. Synergy effects of different modified MWCNTs and PVB on the morphology, crystallization, and electrical and mechanical properties of MWCNTs/PVB/PBS composites were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscope (POM), resistance tester, and universal testing machine. Compared with pure PBS, with increasing MWCNT content, the electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/PBS composites showed an upward trend, and the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/PBS composites reached 0.47%. The electrical conductivity of the PBS composite mixed with 1.0 wt% of surface modified MWCNTs slightly increased by one order of magnitude compared with that of pure PBS. By adding 20 wt% of the PVB and 1 wt% of the unmodified MWCNTs, the electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/PVB/PBS composite increased by seven orders of magnitude compared with that of pure PBS. The percolation threshold for electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/PVB/PBS composites decreased to 0.049% owing to the formation of double percolation structure. Furthermore, compared with pure PBS, when the PVB content was 20 wt%, and the MWCNTs was 1 wt%, the elongation at break and V‐notch impact strength of PBS‐based composite dramatically increased by approximately 300% and 12‐fold, respectively.
In situ modulated photoluminescence study of the hydrogenation processes of tunnel oxide passivating contacts during plasma processes
Authors: Desthieux Anatole , Gaillard Sophie , Posada Jorge , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompared to current c‐Si solar cell technologies, fired passivating contacts (FPCs) can reduce the thermal budget of the solar cell fabrication process. In this study, a simplified process flow for the fabrication of these contacts is investigated along with the use of two hole transport materials: p‐type nanocrystalline silicon ((p) nc‐Si:H) and nanocrystalline silicon oxide ((p) nc‐SiOx:H). More specifically, the passivation properties provided by the FPC stack are assessed at different stages of the manufacturing. The hydrogenation process is studied using in situ modulated photoluminescence (MPL) which allows to measure in real time the effective minority carrier lifetime in the sample during a process step. The increase of passivation observed during the deposition of the capping silicon‐nitride (a‐SiNx:H) layer by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition is shown to be due to both annealing of the sample and the deposition in presence of silane in the plasma, while the exposure to an NH3 and H2 plasma is mostly detrimental for the passivation properties. The in situ MPL measurements additionally allow us to show that the improvement of the passivation properties happens during the first few minutes of a‐SiNx:H deposition.
Hypothesis: Amelioration of obesity‐induced cognitive dysfunction via a lorcaserin–betahistine combination treatment
Authors: dela Peña Ike C. , Figueroa Johnny D. , Shi Wei‐Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe prolonged exposure to obesogenic diets disrupts the mesocortical dopaminergic input to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This leads to suboptimal dopamine levels in this brain region, which affects cognition and control of food intake. Treatments that restore mesocortical dopaminergic neurotransmission may improve obesity‐associated cognitive dysfunction and modulate food intake to induce weight loss. Given the complexity and multifactorial nature of obesity, combination treatments would likely achieve sizeable and sustained body weight loss and improve obesity‐linked outcomes, such as cognitive dysfunction. Given this background, we hypothesize that concomitant activation of serotonin 5‐HT2C and histamine H1 receptors, coupled with antagonism of histamine H3 receptors, synergistically modulates mesocortical dopamine neurotransmission and ameliorates obesity‐induced cognitive dysfunction. We propose to test the hypothesis in a diet‐induced obesity (DIO) rat model by treating animals with the 5‐HT2C agonist lorcaserin and the H1 agonist and H3 antagonist betahistine. Consistent with our hypothesis, both lorcaserin and betahistine have been shown to reduce body weight in humans with obesity and animals. Both drugs have been demonstrated to improve cognitive functions by influencing dopaminergic signaling in the PFC. The proposed combination treatment addresses the paucity of studies on obesity treatments that improve cognitive function. This research may also help identify a potential targetable mechanism connecting obesity and neurocognitive outcomes.
Inhibition of acyl‐ACP thioesterase as site of action of the commercial herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam
Authors: Johnen Philipp , Zimmermann Sophie , Betz Michael , Hendriks Janneke , Zimmermann Alexandra , Marnet Martina , De Inessa , Zimmermann Gunther , Kibat Christine , Cornaciu Irina , Mariaule Vincent , Pica Andrea , Clavel Damien , Márquez José Antonio , Witschel Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the mode and site of action of a herbicide is key for its efficient development, the evaluation of its toxicological risk, efficient weed control and resistance management. Recently, the mode of action (MoA) of the herbicide cinmethylin was identified in lipid biosynthesis with acyl‐ACP thioesterase (FAT) as the site of action (SoA). Cinmethylin was registered for selective use in cereal crops for the control of grass weeds in 2020.RESULTSHere, we present a high‐resolution co‐crystal structure of FAT in complex with cumyluron identified by a high throughput crystallization screen. We show binding to and inhibition of FAT by cumyluron. Furthermore, in an array of experiments consisting of FAT binding assays, FAT inhibition assays, physiological and metabolic profiling, we tested compounds that are structurally related to cumyluron and identified the commercial herbicides oxaziclomefone, methyldymron, tebutam and bromobutide, with so far unknown sites of action, as FAT inhibitors. Additionally, we show that the previously described FAT inhibitors cinmethylin and methiozolin bind to FAT in a nanomolar range, inhibit FAT enzymatic activity and lead to similar metabolic changes.CONCLUSIONBased on presented data, we corroborate cinmethylin and methiozolin as potent FAT inhibitors and identify FAT as the SoA of the herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Machine learning algorithms to estimate everolimus exposure trained on simulated and patient pharmacokinetic profiles
Authors: Labriffe Marc , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste , Debord Jean , Marquet Pierre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEverolimus is an immunosuppressant with a small therapeutic index and large between‐patient variability. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) is the best marker of exposure but measuring it requires collecting many blood samples. The objective of this study was to train machine learning (ML) algorithms using pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles from kidney transplant recipients, simulated profiles, or both types, and compare their performance for everolimus AUC0‐12h estimation using a limited number of predictors, as compared to an independent set of full PK profiles from patients, as well as to the corresponding maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimates (MAP‐BE). XGBoost was first trained on 508 patient interdose AUCs estimated using MAP‐BE, and then on 500–10,000 rich interdose PK profiles simulated using previously published population PK parameters. The predictors used were: predose, ~1 h, and ~2 h whole blood concentrations, differences between these concentrations, relative deviations from theoretical sampling times, morning dose, patient age, and time elapsed since transplantation. The best results were obtained with XGBoost trained on 5016 simulated profiles. AUC estimation achieved in an external dataset of 114 full‐PK profiles was excellent (root mean squared error [RMSE] = 10.8 μg*h/L) and slightly better than MAP‐BE (RMSE = 11.9 μg*h/L). Using more profiles (n = 10,035) did not improve the ML algorithm performance. The contribution of mixing patient and simulated profiles was significant only when they were in balanced numbers, with ~500 for each (RMSE = 12.5 μg*h/L), compared with patient data alone (RMSE = 18.0 μg*h/L).
Optimal unplanned design modification in adaptive two‐stage trials
Authors: Pilz Maximilian , Herrmann Carolin , Rauch Geraldine , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdaptive planning of clinical trials allows modifying the entire trial design at any time point mid‐course. In this paper, we consider the case when a trial‐external update of the planning assumptions during the ongoing trial makes an unforeseen design adaptation necessary. We take up the idea to construct adaptive designs with defined features by solving an optimization problem and apply it to the situation of unplanned design reassessment. By using the conditional error principle, we present an approach on how to optimally modify the trial design at an unplanned interim analysis while at the same time strictly protecting the type I error rate. This linking of optimal design planning and the conditional error principle allows sound reactions to unforeseen events that make a design reassessment necessary.