bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical analysis of collagens from the bone of lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) extracted with different acids
Authors: Jaziri Abdul Aziz , Shapawi Rossita , Mohd Mokhtar Ruzaidi Azli , Md. Noordin Wan Norhana , Huda Nurul 
Published: March 2022

Background
Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) bone is a fish by-product generated during industrial surimi processing. This by-product is an important source of collagen production since the use of terrestrial animal-based collagens no longer sought due to concern regarding the transfer of infectious diseases and religious issues. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the biochemical analysis of collagens from the bone of lizardfish extracted with different acids.

Methods
Lizardfish bone collagens were extracted with various acids (i.e., acetic, lactic and citric acids). All extraction processes were conducted in a chiller room (4 °C). The extracted collagens were biochemically characterized, such as hydroxyproline content, Ultraviolet (UV) absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility in different pH values and NaCl concentrations.

Results
The yield of extracted collagens ranged between 1.73% and 2.59%, with the highest (p < 0.05) observed in citric acid-extracted collagen (CaEC). Protein patterns confirmed that all-collagen samples had two identical subunits, α1 and α2, representing type I collagen. The highest whiteness value was found in acetic acid-extracted collagen (AaEC), but there was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) compared to lactic acid-extracted collagen (LaEC). UV absorption and XRD analysis reflected the characteristics of the collagen, as reported in the literature. For the FTIR, all acid-extracted collagen samples presented a triple helical structure. The thermal transition temperature (Tmax = 77.92–89.04 °C) was in accordance with collagen extracted from other fish species. All extracted collagens were highly soluble in acidic pH and low concentrations of NaCl (0–20 g/L). In conclusion, collagens extracted from lizardfish bone may be used as alternative sources of collagen in industrial settings, and AaEC would be considered superior in terms of the characteristics evaluated in this study.
Determinants Associated with Women Empowerment: The Perspectives and Views of Char Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Nurani Nur–E-Shahrin , Abluddalh Md. Masum 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The study analyzed the determinants associated with empowerment of char women in the northern region of Bangladesh.
Study Deigns: Purposive random sampling procedure.
Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from two villages namely Horipur and Kanchibari from Sundorganj upazilla of Gaibandha district and Chilmary and Raniganj from Chilmary upazilla of Kurigram district. The duration of data collection was from 15th October to 12th December 2020.
Methodology: From 1440 population around 6percent of the representative sample was taken randomly as sample of the study. The sample size of the study were 200. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used to data analysis.
Results: Outcomes reveals that most of the respondents had medium empowerment 57 percent where 39 percent had low empowerment and only 4 percent had high empowerment. Training, women personal income, access to credit and extent of participation on income generating activities were the important variables that significant at .05percent and .01percent level influence women empowerment of the study area with an R2 value of 0.44. Contrary, access to resources and problem was important fact in char area which had negative trend with women empowerment.
Conclusion: To minimize the existing char problem should be ensured the supplying of enough agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, vaccine) and nonagricultural inputs in time through regular governmental programs. Education has potential link with women empowerment and recommends for the promotion of education in char rural area to build women’s capacity.
Determinants of Voluntary HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing among University Students in Ghana
Authors: Banyeh Moses , Kankpi Thea , Zogli Kervin Edinam , Mohammed Seidu 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The onset of the new global pandemics such as COVID-19 and Ebola may have shifted attention from factors affecting voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS, especially among university students. The study sought to determine the factors influencing VCT uptake among university students.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the University for Development Studies, from May to June 2020.
Methodology: The study population was 119 (males: 71.4% and females: 28.6%) aged between 20 to 45 years. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire.
Results: Males were less likely to obtain information regarding VCT from the hospital as compared to the media [OR: 0.193(95%CI: 0.041-0.914)]. A student who was informed regarding VCT [OR: 6.833(95%CI 1.258-37.119)], a student who knew where VCT services were provided [OR: 9.336(3.002-29.032)], a student who was willing to take an HIV test [OR: 4.400(1.515-12.777)] and a student who tested for HIV on campus [OR: 5.455(1.930-15.418)] had greater odds of VCT uptake. However, the odds that a student tested for HIV was less for other reasons either than medical [OR: 0.284(0.084-0.959)].
Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for healthcare providers, non-governmental organizations, policymakers and university management regarding HIV infection prevention and control among students.
Plagiarism in Higher Academic Institutions, a Blight on Intellectual Integrity: An Interventionist Approach
Authors: Boahen Eunice Adu , Glover Reuben , Boateng Kofi Agyenim , Nimo Nunoo Irene Esi Otuba 
Published: March 2022

Although studies on students’ plagiarism continue to attract research attention, there are still lacunas in the literature in terms of adequate interventions to combat the menace in higher educational institutions. This study set out to examine plagiarism behaviour among students at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (KNUST) a leading Ghanaian university. The study employs a quantitative research technique informed by a positivistic orientation. Findings point to the need to treat students’ assignments as a process, not a product. It was concluded that covert and overt techniques are the best interventionist approaches to ascertaining and minimising students’ plagiarism tendencies. The study recommends the need for organizational structures to deal with the ‘menace’ and the pursuit of vigorous plagiarism awareness programmes for students and faculty. A concerted effort and commitment by students and faculty in combating plagiarism at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (KNUST) could promote intellectual integrity in the university.
Age and Growth Estimations of Decapterus Kurroides Using Otolith in the Waters of Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Huang Wen-Bin , Tung Jen-Hui , Pranata Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Redtail scad (Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, 1855) was once an economically important Carangidae species in Taiwan. This study determined age using otolith increments and re-evaluated the parameters of growth equations for this species.
Place and Duration of Study: Fish samples were collected monthly off the coast of Taitung, eastern Taiwan.
Methodology: A total of 367 specimens were observed in this study. To determine fish age, otolith age determination method was used. The largest and smallest otolith rings were seven and two, and their corresponding means of fork length (FL) were 29.2 and 12.2 cm, respectively.
Results: Most samples had six otolith rings with a mean FL of 27.2 cm. The von Bertalanffy growth equation is FLt = 30.44 (1 – e −0.52 (t - 1.50)) for females and FLt = 32.45 (1 – e −0.39 (t – 1.18)) for males. The otolith opaque zone annually formed from September to October. The relationship of body weight (BW) and Fork Length (FL) differed significantly between genders: BW = 0.334 × 10-2 FL3.463 for females and BW = 0.469 × 10-2 FL3.349 for males. The sex ratio was 0.56 over a whole year and varied among the age groups.
Conclusion: This study using the otolith method revises the estimations of age and growth parameters for the D. kurroides, which would be beneficial to manage and recover this species stock in the waters of Taiwan.
Effect of Treated Wastewater Irrigation Combined with Manure and Inorganic Nutrients on Fodder Yield and Proximate Parameters of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass in Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Senthilkumar D. , Latha K. R. , Thavaprakaash N. , Malarvizhi P. , Maheswari M. , Ramachandran M. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: In arid and semi-arid areas recycling of water may have a greater impact on future usable water supply than any of the other technologies aimed for increasing water supply. Efforts have been taken on maximizing the benefit and minimizing the detrimental effects on people or the environment due to continuous usage of treated wastewater. Hence, the current experiment was aimed to study the effect of treated wastewater in combination with organic and inorganic nutrients on bajra napier hybrid grass on yield and quality parameters.
Study Design: The field experiment was conducted using secondary treated wastewater, manure and inorganic nutrients in Bajra Napier hybrid grass variety CO(BN) 5 with a strip plot design and four replications.
Place and duration of study: The experiment was conducted in Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, during 2018-19 (10.62ᵒ N latitude and 79.26ᵒ East longitude).
Methodology: The five ratios of irrigation water were used in horizontal factor treatments and four different nutrient combination treatments were allotted in the vertical factor. The plot was divided into 27 m2 with 2 m space between the plots. The two budded setts of bajra napier hybrid grass variety CO (BN)-5 were planted at 60 x 50 cm spacing. The flood irrigation and nutrients (basal and top-dressing) were applied as per the treatments.
Results: The use of treated wastewater for irrigation combined with manure and inorganic nutrients significantly increased the total green and dry fodder yields. Irrigation treatment with treated wastewater alone + 100% inorganic nutrients (I5N1) recorded significantly higher total green and dry fodder yields of 431.0 and 76.7 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively, than all other treatment combinations. Irrigated with groundwater alone (control) without nutrients (I1N4) recorded the lowest total green and dry fodder yields (222.5 and 47.6 t ha−1 yr-1, respectively). The average crude protein content of all total cuttings was significantly higher (13.53%) in I5N1 than all other treatments. On the other hand, the average crude fibre content (28.03%) was significantly lower in the treatment I5N1 as compared to irrigated with groundwater without nutrients (31.18%).
Conclusion: The perennial fodder crop Bajra Napier hybrid grass variety CO (BN) 5 cultivated under-treated wastewater combined with manure and inorganic nutrients increased the total green and dry fodder yields with beneficial proximates. The use of treated wastewater for fodder cultivation helps conserve groundwater and effectively utilize available nutrients in treated wastewater.
Carbon Sequestration for Major Land Use/ Land Cover Types of Urmodi Basin of Maharashtra, India
Authors: S. Shinde Sangita , Nandgude S. B. , Mane M. S. , Salunkhe S. S. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The goal is to calculate total biomass, carbon stock, and total CO2 sequestered by forest and crop in the watershed. To create a thematic map to investigate spatial variation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in the Urmodi basin in Satara, Maharashtra (India) between June 2015 and June 2016.
Methodology: In this study, carbon stocks in different land use categories in the Urmodi basin were assessed using in situ destructive and non-destructive biomass estimating methods. To investigate the spatial variance of carbon stock values in the Urmodi basin, thematic maps were created.
Results: The carbon stock value of vegetation in the Urmodi basin was 0.53 million tonnes of carbon. The amount of CO2 sequestered by vegetation in the Urmodi basin was 1.973 million tonnes.
Conclusion: In micro watersheds, low carbon stock values were linked to damaged land. If fresh plant cover is formed on damaged lands, they have a great potential to store carbon in the soil. By sequestering a significant amount of CO2 from the atmosphere, vegetation plays a vital part in the global carbon cycle. As a result, carbon sequestration through forest growth is the most cost-effective method of mitigating global climate change.
Microbial Enriched Biochar Levels and Fertilizer Doses on Soil Chemical Properties under Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Production
Authors: Nimbalkar S. D. , Patil D. S. , Kote R. C. , Rajwade P. R. 
Published: March 2022

Intensive cultivation of vegetables and imbalanced fertilization depleted the soil nutrients and caused low yield with poor quality crops. A novel microbial enriched biochar and fertilizer combination could alleviate the soil and nutrient stress. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with 14 treatments [4 levels of biochar (5, 7.5,10, 15 t ha-1), 3 doses of fertilizers (50, 75,100% of recommended) along with without biochar and absolute control] in spinach production. This study was conducted with randomized block designed and replicated three times in trial plot at BAIF, Central Research Station, Pune during 2020-2021. Maximum growth parameters (plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length) were recorded in (T4) with Biochar @ 10 tha-1 + 75% of RDF followed by in (T7) Biochar @ 7.5 tha-1 +50% of RDF. Whereas, the highest Spinach yield (18.58 tha-1) was recorded under (T4) Biochar @ 10 tha-1 + 75 % of RDF followed by (T3) Biochar @ 7.5 tha-1 + 75 % of RDF recorded (17.93 tha-1). The treatment (T1) @ 100 % RDF has registered as superior from an economic point of view. Furthermore, the minimum values of growth and yield were recorded under absolute control. Based on the above results it is concluded that the combined application of microbial enriched biochar(10t ha-1) and fertilizers (75% of recommended dose) enhanced the nutrient availability to spinach for maximum growth and yield.
A Case Report on Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kirade Sahil , Meshram Priyanka , Umate Roshan , Wasnik Hemlata 
Published: March 2022

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML) can have devastating consequences, although early detection can help avoid difficulties. This research aims to explore clinical markers that can detect ML early. The protozoal infection Leishmaniasis is caused by fungal pathogens. The skin and mucosa are affected by mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). India is home to species like Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major, which cause visceral and epidermal leishmaniasis, respectively.
The Main Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcome: Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis was diagnosed after a physical examination and investigation by the doctor. Patient was treated antiepileptic drug and antianxiety drugs to reduce fear and anxiety.
Therapeutic Intervention: Antipyretics and antibiotics such as Tab. Paracetamol, Injection Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV (BD), Tablet Pantoprazole 40 Mg iv (OD), Inj. Ondansetron 4 mg iv (TDS) were given for 7 days in this instance with Narcolepsy.
Outcome: For fever, the patient was given medications prescribed by the doctor, such as paracetamol. In addition, the patient's condition improved as a result of the medical treatment. The patient's problems had subsided, and he reported feeling better.
Nursing Perspectives: To control fever, the patient was given medications prescribed by the doctor, such as paracetamol. In addition, the patient's condition improved as a result of the medical treatment. The patient's problems had subsided, and he was in better shape.
Conclusion: The patient was admitted to A.V.B.R. Hospital with a headache, breathing difficulties, muscle weakness, walking difficulties, reduced balance and coordination, and other symptoms. In this case of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, the patient received the necessary treatment and medications. The condition of the patient had improved.
Myths and Facts about COVID-19 and Vaccination
Authors: Dutta Shaina , Wagh Pankaj , Singh Adarshlata , Heda Arjun 
Published: March 2022

A year ago, in the year 2020, the entire globe was seized by a minuscule particle known as the CORONA VIRUS. The Coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, has now spread to every corner of the world, some more than others. There has been a lot of worry and fear about this disease all around the world. There are several misunderstandings and questions about this condition, and individuals are prone to believing everything they hear in the media without verifying it. COVID19, or Corona Virus Disease of 2019, is a one-of-a-kind virus that has wreaked havoc over the world and has become one of humanity's greatest threats. All the misconceptions and confusion and beliefs have led to more damage.
Coronaviruses are a kind of virus that causes sickness in animals such as humans and birds. Infections of the respiratory system caused by coronaviruses have a wide range and can vary from person to person from no to mild infection which sometimes can be fatal, particularly in humans. Some cases of rhinorrhoea (which can be can be due to other viruses, particularly rhinoviruses) are not life-threatening, but more fatal strains can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In other species, the symptoms are different.
There are presently no drugs available to prevent or treat human infections. Even though vaccination trials have begun and individuals are being immunized all over the world. Coronaviruses are members of the Coronaviridae family, the order Nidovirale: s, and the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily of the realm Riboviria. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the COVID-19 outbreak to be a pandemic in March 2020.
Many instances of pneumonia with an unknown underlying cause have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 8, 2019. The great majority of the patients were either employees or residents of the Huanan wholesale fish market, which also sold other live animals. Severe acute respiratory infection symptoms appeared early in the course of this pneumonia, with some patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), abrupt respiratory failure, and other devastating consequences.
On January 7, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discovered a new coronavirus from a patient's throat swab sample, which the World Health Organization later called 2019 nCoV (WHO). This article includes various myths and their explanation about COVID vaccination. However, it has been observed that COVID-19 vaccination is completely safe.
Acute Non-Haemorrhagic Contusion: A Case Report
Authors: Nagrale Jaya , Rewatkar Priya , Pathade Aniket , Wange Nitin 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The most common type of brain injury is traumatic brain injury (TBI). severe of all traumatic wounds, typically keeping physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional deficits. TBI is estimated to cost $60 billion a year including medical care in the United States expenses and lost productivity costs making it one of the cost healthcare expenses. Thurman et al., 1999; Langloisetal.,2006; Selassieetal.,2008; Langlois and others. Langlois .and others, 2006). To begin, we’ll go at the theory, which states that a latent or explicit coagulopathy causes Bleeding from microvessels that were fractured during the primary injury may continue or be delayed.
Main Symptoms and the Important Clinical Findings: A male patient was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave rural hospital on dated 17-07-2021 with the chief complaint of sudden paralysis in right upper limb and lower limb since 11/7/2021 exact time not know H/O RTA 9 years back with head trauma. After a physical examination and investigation, the doctor diagnoses a case of acute non-hemorrhagic contusion since at the 3 years back for which he was hospitalized for 20 days after the investigation was observed he took treatment for that and his outcome was good. acute non-hemorrhagic contusion depending on the severity of injury Headache confusion dizziness loss of nausea. Vomiting seizures, difficulty with coordination and moment lightheadedness, tinnitus, and spinning sensation.
Main Diagnostic Therapeutic Intervention and Outcome: After a physical examination and investigation doctor diagnoses a case of acute non-hemorrhagic contusion Tablet Levepsy 500mg BD, Tablet Dolo 650 mg TDS, Tab pantoprazole 40 mg BD, Tab Atorva40 mg given to a patient. The patient response to all medication and his outcome was good. trying to reserve any signs and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow-up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression. trying to reserve any signs and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression.
Conclusion: Trying to reserve any sign and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression.
A Clinical Case Report: Closed Extraction of a Broken Distal Piece of the Tibial Intramedullary Nail Remaining for 8 Years
Authors: Mao Guoshu , Wei Changbao , Yin Qudong 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Closed extraction of a broken distal piece of the intramedullary nail is very challenging. We herein report a case of the broken distal piece of the tibial intramedullary nail remaining for 8 years, which was successfully extracted by closed method using a self-made broken nail extractor.
Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for extraction of the broken distal piece of the tibial intramedullary nail for 8 years. The preoperative X-ray films showed the broken intramedullary nail was cannulated and the outer diameter is 10 mm, larger than the isthmus of the medullary cavity.
Results: After reaming with Φ 11 mm drill, the self-made broken nail extractor was inserted into the medullary cavity from the nail entry point and passed through the canal of the broken nail, and successfully pulled out the broken nail.
Conclusion: Our technique is a simple reproducible alternative that has high extraction success rate for broken distal piece of cannulated intramedullary nails.