bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Kaolinite Fine Particles in Sandstone Reservoir on Omani Medium Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Al Hadabi Ibrahim , Sasaki Kyuro , Sugai Yuichi , Kano Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of kaolinite fine particles migration and wettability alteration during low salinity water-flooding (LSW-flooding) has been investigated for Omani sandstone reservoirs. Water flooding by re-injecting the reservoir brine is currently operated in the subjected Omani oil fields, and LSW is one of the operations to improve the oil production. However, relatively large amount of precipitated oil sludge was observed in the production and surface facilities along with the produced crude oil. In present experimental study, Omani intermediate oil (API gravity of 30°) and oil sludge were sampled from a skimming tank in the production facility. The physical and chemical characteristics of the clay particles were analyzed by a laser particle size distribution analyzer, SEM, XRD, and SQX after separated from oil. Furthermore, water-flooding tests by brine and LSW were carried out using Berea sandstone cores saturated by three different conditions of the Omani oil and kaolinite fine particles to simulate clay particles in the reservoir conditions. The kaolinite-particles slurry of 0.4μm in average size were used for the tests. The first core was saturated with oil only, the second one was filled up with kaolinite fine particles slurry then saturated with the oil, and the third one was saturated with the mixture of kaolinite-particles slurry and the oil. The results of LSW flooding after brine flooding showed that 30 % increase of oil recovery was obtained in the cases including kaolinite fine particles compared to that of oil only. In addition, the wettability of the cores contained kaolinite fine particles showed stronger water-wettability than the core without kaolinite. Zeta potential was measured to investigate the surface charge of kaolinite-particles in brine and water. The kaolinite fine particles were negatively charged as -15 mV in the brine, while it was -50 mV in the LSW used for the LSW flooding test. This difference has explained that the increase of oil recovery ratio in the water-flooding test was induced by kaolinite fine particles in the cores. The ions were traced in the effluents in LSW flooding, and it was found that the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ reduced sharply from their initial concentration of 722 and 788 ppm to 34 and 26 ppm respectively with pH increasing from 6.8 to below 9.0.Those results indicate clearly that the kaolinite fine particles have a function to reduce the Sor and shift the wettability to water-wet that attributed to the interactions between oil, water and kaolinite-particles in the process of LSW flooding.
Non-Ionic Surfactant Formulation with Ultra-Low Interfacial Tension at High-Temperature and High-Salinity Conditions
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Han Ming , AlSofi Abdulkareem , Fuseni Alhasan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactants have been considered as eco-friendly, nontoxic and biodegradable surfactants. In this study, the physicochemical properties of two APG surfactants under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions were evaluated. The effectiveness of the surfactants as imbibition agents on improving oil production in carbonate reservoirs was investigated. A formulation with ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) was introduced and the mechanisms resulting in such low IFT were probed and discussed.
Two APG surfactants were studied. Compatibility was evaluated by the transparency in brine solutions after aging. IFT was measured with the formulations of surfactant/additives. The morphology of network formed by surfactant/additives was observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The static adsorption of the APGs onto carbonate powder was determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. The contact angle of oil droplet on surface of carbonate core was measured in surfactant solution. The oil production via spontaneous imbibition of water in carbonate core was obtained using Amott cell. An imbibition simulation model was validated by the experimental results using UTCHEM simulator.
Both surfactants APG-1 and APG-2 exhibited excellent compatibility with the simulated high salinity water at reservoir temperature. They also demonstrated low static adsorption on carbonate reservoir. The surfactant containing larger hydrophobic carbons (APG-1) showed more incremental oil production potential than the other one bearing shorter hydrophobic chain (APG-2). At a concentration of 0.2 wt%, APG-1 yielded a low IFT in the order of 10-2 mN/m and an ultra-low IFT in the order of 10-3 mN/m was obtained upon addition of a small amount of additives. SEM pictures indicated that APG-1 and the additives synergistically generated a more compact structure via interaction between hydrophobic moieties of the chemicals compared to the aggregated structure formed by APG-1 alone. Such an effect could eventually lead to a decrease in IFT between oil and water. APG-1 slightly altered the wettability of carbonate core surface toward water-wet. The experimental results of spontaneous imbibition tests showed an oil production of 28% and 21% by APG-1 and APG-2, respectively. After parameter tuning, the yielded curves from numerical simulation by UTCHEM simulator perfectly matched the experimental data.
A new APG-based formulation was designed with an ultra-low IFT resulting in a much more compact amphiphilic structure along the oil-water interface. This study shows a great potential of APG surfactants and the relevant derivative formulations in improving oil production application for high-temperature and high-salinity carbonate reservoirs.
Experience on Application of Non-Metallic Materials for Offshore Facilities
Authors: Montalto Salvatore , Cavassi Paolo , Ponteggia Luca , Romano Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The scope of this paper is to share technical knowledge and experience gained on the use of non-metallic materials in off-shore environments. The proposed applications lead to the highest benefit level in terms of maintenance interventions as well as to weaknesses jeopardizing the productivity.
In particular, we evaluated the use of:Glass-reinforced composite material in offshore platform boat landing and stairs, instead of galvanized grating;Glass-reinforced epoxy pipe for offshore firefighting network;Plastic reinforcement sleeve on the protection of tube bundle heat exchanger welding.
Analysis was carried out on obtained results. The approach took into consideration the technical results after long period of installation in a boat landing and firefighting network offshore with averse environmental conditions, while for the plastic sleeve it was a proactive action against failure and the relevant study of consequences in case of removal. Present paper is not an innovative implementation but it is born from the daily offshore plant observation with the particular aim to improve the asset integrity trying to guarantee the best performance, reducing maintenance and restoration cost.
Positive and negative results on the above applications will be mentioned to permit as final conclusion a proper material selection and design accuracy for future application.
Evaluating Interwell Connectivity in Waterflooding Reservoirs with Graph-Based Cooperation-Mission Neural Networks
Authors: Zeng Xingjie , Zhang Weishan , Chen Tao , Jacobsen Hans-Arno , Zhou Jiehan , Chen Bingyang 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Interwell connectivity plays a key role in waterflooding for guiding water injection. The existing works focus on the response relationship between one injection well and one production well. No research has explored the structural information of waterflooding on a well pattern. To address this challenge, this paper proposes cooperation-mission neural networks for interwell connectivity with graph information. Specifically, we propose some assumptions based on the petroleum domain to represent the well pattern with an adjacent matrix of the graph. Then we propose two targets from the view of injection well groups and production well groups. Accordingly, we propose cooperation-mission neural networks from these two aspects to evaluate the interwell connectivity in the well pattern. We test our model from two perspectives: the accuracy of estimation with tracer and the graduality of interwell connectivity. The results demonstrate that our model makes a good performance and achieves the connectivity analysis accuracy rate of 91.4%. Moreover, this study demonstrates that it is practical to evaluate the interwell connectivity with graph.
Natural Disaster Events and Social Media: An Orderly Mechanism for Online Rescue of Multiple Subjects
Authors: Deng Guobin , Zhang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Giving full play to the various roles of social media in the emergency rescue of natural disasters is an effective way to improve the existing disaster relief mechanism and improve the efficiency of rescue. "Online Disaster Relief" is supported by modern information technologies, and various entities are used to coordinate the orderly behavior of various rescue resources through online methods to improve rescue efficiency. From the perspective of field theory, this research analyzes the operating mechanism of the online disaster relief work with the 7/20 torrential rain in Henan as a case. Research has found that social media platforms rely on their powerful technical support and information interaction functions to construct a specific field space, promote resource coordination and exchange among subjects, and reconstruct habitual behaviors. At the same time, a behavioral coordination mechanism with consistent goals, a standardized and orderly information interaction mechanism, a rational and powerful social mobilization mechanism, and a self-management mechanism for multiple subjects have been formed in the field, which promote the orderly progress of online disaster relief work, thereby improving the rescue efficiency.
Effects of crocin supplementation on lipid profile and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dastkhosh Ali , Behrouz Vahideh , Sohrab Golbon , Sedaghat Meghdad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major problem around the world. Dietary phytochemicals have been recommended to modify the risk factors and slow down the disease progression. Available data indicated the beneficial effects of crocin, a carotenoid compound, on T2DM; however, no clinical trial study has not been done in this regard. So, the goal of this study was to see the effects of crocin supplementation on lipid profile and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.Methods: In this 12-week clinical trial using a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either 30 mg crocin or placebo using categorized blocks based on age and sex. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: Compared with the placebo group, crocin reduced plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) (P= 0.007) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) (P= 0.012). Crocin resulted in substantial improvements in plasma levels of TG, TOS, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), according to the within-group analyses.Conclusions: Crocin intake may help people with T2DM to improve their TG and TOS levels. More research is needed to confirm these results.Trial registration: IRCT20170408033308N2 (first registration: 13/ 08/ 2019).
Growth, gut dimension, immune change and impact of Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Onion (Allium cepa. L) fortified diets.
Authors: Ajani Kolawole , Orisasona Olugbenga , Jenyo-Oni Adetola , Omitoyin Bamidele Oluwarotimi , Kane Aboubacar , Adekanmbi Abimbola Olumide , Kareem Kazeem Oladeji , Osho Elijah Friday 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigated effects of powdery Onions (Allium cepa) on the growth, gut area, innate immune reaction of Oreochromis niloticus and ability to resist Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Six 35% crude protein diets were prepared adding fresh onions at 0.0% (OP0), 0.5% (OP1), 1.0% (OP2), 1.5% (OP3), 2.0% (OP4) and 2.5% (OP5) levels. Diets were allotted to triplicate groups of fish (1.79±0.14g) twice daily to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. Fish in each treatments were then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and followed for 2 weeks. After 84 days of feeding, growth was not significantly (P>0.05) varied by onion powder. Percentage survival rates was higher in fish fed onion supplements with a regression equation (Y = 75.655 – 10.423X – 1.399X2). Total heterotrophic count (THC) increased with higher inclusion of onion. . Red blood cells were higher in fish fed onion based diets in comparison to OP0 with values ranged from 1.68 x106/µL in OP0 to 2.83 x106/µL in OP1. Alkaline phosphate was higher in fish fed onion supplements. Villi height and width showed no significant variation across treatments. Relative survival was highest in fish fed onion powder supplements when challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. This study showed onion powder improved survival of Oreochromis niloticus, but did not affect growth and nutrient utilization.
A multi-detector comparison to determine convergence of measured relative output factors for small field dosimetryAuthor InformationDo Duc Chi1, Tran Ngoc Toan2 and Robin Hill3,4,5
Authors: Duc Chi Do , Ngoc Toan Tran , Hill Robin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Good clinical practice in small field dosimetry relies on using multiple detectors for the determination of relative output factors (ROFs). The TRS-483 Code of Practice (CoP) provides recommended output correction factors, k, for a range of detectors and beam energies as used in small field dosimetry. In this work, the convergence of the ROFs for 6MV x-ray beams with and without flattening-filters were investigated under a different combinations of beam collimation and published detector correction factors. Method Three IBA detectors SFD, PFD and CC04 were used to measure ROFs on a TrueBeam STx linear accelerator with small fields collimated by the high definition MLC which has 2.5 mm and 5.0 mm wide leaves. Two configurations were used for the collimators being 1) fixed-jaws at 10 × 10 cm2 and 2) with a 2 mm offset from the MLC edge, in line with the recommended geometry from IROC-H as part of their auditing program and published dataset. The k factors for the three detectors were taken from the TRS483 CoP and other published works. Results The standard deviation in measured ROFs between detectors under 6MV-WFF beam are 1.4% and 1.9% while these under 6MV-FFF beam are 2.3% and 2.4% in MLC field with fixed-jaw and with 2 mm jaws-offset, respectively. The relative difference in averaged ROFs of three reference detectors from corresponding IROC-H dataset are 2.0% and 3.1% under 6MV-WFF beam while they are 2.4% and 3.2% under 6MV-FFF beam at the smallest available field size 2 × 2 cm2. For smaller field sizes, the uncertainty in averaged ROFs of three reference detectors from corresponding results of from 2 mm jaws-offset setting by Akino and Dufreneix showed the largest difference are 6.6% and 6.2% under 6MV-WFF beam while they are 3.4% and 3.6% under 6MVWFF beam at smallest field size 0.5 × 0.5 cm2. Conclusion The corresponding datasets provided by TRS-483 and IROC-H are generic and may not statistically large enough with 6MV-FFF and also MLC field with 2 mm jaws-offset setting, so that clinical users should use at least three different types of small field detector in measurements. The IROC-H dataset is not available for field size smaller than 2 × 2 cm2 so that user should carefully check with other publications with the same setting.
The Further Understanding of Burdens and Needed Support for Caregivers of Mental Illness in China: A Perceptive of Mental Health Workers in Chongqing
Authors: Nkundimana Balthazar , Li Kuang , Xiaoming Xu , Yi Zhou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Caregivers of mental illness play crucial roles in taking care of people diagnosed with mental illness especially those who are rehabilitated in the community. The further understanding of burden and needs of caregivers should be emphasized. This study aimed to further investigate perception on burdens and needs of caregivers in China as perceived by mental health workers.
Methods
A total of 80 mental health workers were involved in our study. An electronic data collection questionnaire with open ended question was given to mental health workers in different hospitals. Questions were designed to explore mental health workers’ perceptive on burdens, needed support for improvements.
Results
Immersed themes indicated that caregivers of mental illness are suffering from sorts of burdens. They emphasized that they would require more supports.
Conclusions
Caregivers of mental illness suffer from sorts of burdens and they lack knowledge and enough supports. political will in support of them should be improved.
Nanomicelles co-loaded with doxorubicin and salvianolic acid A for breast cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Liu Jiali , Sun Zheng , Li Yanli , Yu Bin , Zhao Feng , Wang Hongbo , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Multi-drug delivery system based on polymer carrier is emerging for alleviating dose-limiting toxicities of first-line cytotoxic anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) for breast cancer chemotherapy. By co-loading the premium natural antioxidant salvianolic acid A (SAA) through colloidal self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymer, we herein developed CPMSD, a complex polymeric micellar system to overcome cardiotoxicity associated with DOX.Results: Optimal formulation was obtained by DOE study and CPMSD micelles were well constructed by using mPEG-PCL for entrapment at a drug-carrier mass ratio of 1:5 and DOX-SAA mass ratio of 1:4. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed the ratiometrical co-encapsulation of SAA into the hydrophobic cavity but DOX to ball-shaped surface of micelles due to hydrophilicity. Characterization study manifested favorable biopharmaceutical properties such as small and uniform particle size, fairly high drug loading capacity, as well as good colloidal stability and controlled drug release. CPMSD maintained anticancer efficacy of DOX and the action mechanism, which did not be affected by co-administering SAA. More to the point, it was of great benefit to systemic safety and cardio-protective effect against oxidative stress injuries associated with DOX in tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions: All the findings substantiated that CPMSD would be a promising multifunctional nanosystem of DOX for breast cancer chemotherapy.
Perceptions and Stress of Conscience in Relation to Burnout Among Nursing Staff in Older People Care Settings: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Nazari Shima , Norberg Astrid , Strandberg Gunilla , Åhlin Johan , Ericson-Lidman Eva , Mazaheri Monir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Considering cultural influences, it is important to study the perceptions and stress of conscience in different contexts. This study aimed to investigate the association between perceptions of conscience, stress of conscience, and burnout among nursing staff working in older people care settings in Tehran.
Methods
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 161 participants completed the Perceptions of Conscience Questionnaire, Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory.
Results
Nursing staff mainly perceived their conscience as an authority, asset, and warning signal. Furthermore, the influence of workload on family life was the most common source of stress. Dealing with incompatible demands, the impact of workload on family life, witnessing insulated patients, inability to meet one’s standards in providing care, and perception of conscience as a burden were strongly associated with burnout.
Conclusions
Perceiving conscience as a warning signal or authority may serve as a buffer against burnout among nursing staff. This study highlights the need for further exploration of perceptions of conscience in different cultural and social backgrounds.
Influence of Device Performance and Agent Advice on User Trust and Behaviour in a Care-taking Scenario
Authors: Zukerman Ingrid , Partovi Andisheh , Hohwy Jakob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present insights obtained from two user studies performed in the context of a web-based game set in a care-taking scenario — a retirement village, where elderly residents live in smart homes equipped with monitoring systems. These systems should raise alerts when adverse events happen, but they do not function perfectly (they may issue false alerts or miss true events). Players, who “work” in the village, perform a primary task whereby they must ensure the welfare of the residents by attending to adverse events in a timely manner, and a secondary routine task that demands their attention. In the first user study, we investigate the relationship between the performance of different monitoring systems, in terms of error type, and user behaviour and trust in these systems. In the second study, we examine the effect of the advice offered by an advisor agent on users’ behaviour. Our contributions are (1) the game itself, which supports experimentation with various trust-related factors, and a version of the game augmented with an advisor agent; (2) a methodology for calibrating the parameters of the game; (3) insights regarding the relationship between device accuracy and user behaviour and trust in automation; (4) findings about the training effect of an advisor agent; and (5) insights from predictive models about factors that influence trust and behaviour.
Multi-Hazard Risk to Global Port Infrastructure and Resulting Trade and Logistics Losses
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Koks Elco , Li Sihan , Hall Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite their economic importance, the risk that ports face from multiple natural hazards has not yet been monetised on a global scale. Here, we perform an asset-level risk analysis of global port infrastructure from multiple hazards, quantifying the risk to physical asset damages and logistics services (i.e. port-specific risk) and risk to maritime trade flows (i.e. trade risk). We find that the vast majority of ports (~ 86%) are exposed to more than three hazards. Globally, port-specific risk totals 7.5 USD bn per year, dominated by tropical cyclone impacts (~ 32%). In addition, 63.1 USD bn of trade is at-risk every year, with trade risk as a fraction of total trade being particularly high in Small Island Developing States. Our result underline that port resilience is determined by various critical factors (e.g. engineering standards, operational thresholds, recovery duration) that vary widely across ports, requiring tailored solutions to improve port resilience.