bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of cosmetics dedicated to oily and acne‐prone skin on skin parameters
Authors: Zdrada Julita , Odrzywołek Wiktoria , Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Wilczyński Sławomir , Błońska‐Fajfrowska Barbara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatient compliance with care recommendations is closely related to the role of cosmetics in delaying or preventing the side effects of medications used to treat acne.MethodsA total of 33 volunteers with symptoms of acne vulgaris were qualified for the study. The skin parameters were measured before the experiment, after the 4 and at the 8 weeks of use. The measurements were subject to moisturizing the skin and secretion of sebum and skin color. A skin acoustic parameters using high‐frequency ultrasound (33 MHz) was also performed. The recorded images were used to determine the epidermal entrance echo thickness and echo density of dermis.ResultsThe results show a change in the value of skin parameters during the 8‐week application of a specific skin care procedure. The secretion of sebum did not change significantly, there was a decrease in hydration, and the level of melanin and hemoglobin remained at the same level. The thickness of the epidermis entrance echo in the ultrasound image was thinned.ConclusionFor many mild/moderate acne patients, cosmetics proven to be effective and well tested in clinical trials can offer a real benefit in reducing both inflammation, sebum production, melanin, and irritation, but should also be moisturizing.
Understanding the process of people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis implementing continuous antigen avoidance and their affecting situations: A grounded theory study
Authors: Kawamoto Yuko , Yatomi Yumiko , Furusawa Haruhiko , Hanzawa Satoshi , Miyazaki Yasunari , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the process by which people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis implement continuous antigen avoidance, alongside the situations that influence this process.BackgroundAntigen avoidance is the primary treatment for people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the best method to support antigen avoidance has not yet been established.DesignThe present qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach.MethodsThe participants were inpatients or outpatients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosed at a Japanese urban university hospital. In parallel with semi‐structured interviews and a medical record survey from 2016 to 2021, we conducted coding, categorising, writing memos, theoretical sampling and continuous comparisons of experiences from finding physical abnormalities to implementing antigen avoidance. The COREQ checklist was followed for reporting.ResultsInterpreting the experiences leading to the implementation of continuous antigen avoidance by 28 participants provided a process consisting of a core category: trying to maintain one's desired life under uncertain situations, and four phases: (1) searching for a convincing cause of the illness, (2) gradually understanding the disease, (3) realising the need for behaviour change and (4) seeking a good balance between behaviour change and one's desired life. The situations that influenced the process were also revealed.ConclusionsBeing convinced of the cause of one's illness and realising its severity led to the participants' realisation of the need for a behavioural change to avoid antigens. The uncertainty of the cause of illness and measures taken, a lack of clear advice from healthcare providers and one's desired life influenced participants' implementation of continuous antigen avoidance.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides important insights regarding how healthcare providers should better understand and support people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in avoiding antigens.
Elimination contests with collusive team players
Authors: Chen Bo , Jin Shanlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a standard two‐stage elimination (Tullock) contest where multiple (team) players can perfectly and publicly collude with each other throughout. We analyze and compare equilibrium outcomes under various seedings where the collusive players meet or are separated in the group stage. We identify the impact of collusion on the contest organizer and non‐collusive players, as well as the organizer's optimal seeding. We find that collusion, while always undermining fairness of the competition, can hurt or benefit the organizer, depending on the discriminatory powers of the two stages. We also discuss issues such as sequential group‐stage competitions, comparison between the elimination contest and the corresponding one‐shot contest, secret collusion, and large discriminatory powers.
An inconvenience to the nurse's practice: A Foucault‐inspired study of ethnic minority patients
Authors: Gültekin Emina , Sørensen Dorthe , Frederiksen Kirsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEthnic minority patients have been discussed and problematised in Western health literature. Drawing on an interpretation of central parts of the French philosopher Michel Foucault's authorship, we analysed a broad selection of materials to identify mechanisms through which the truth about ethnic minority patients is constructed. We identified a single, yet consistent discursive strategy that we termed ‘figure of inconvenience’ in which ethnic minority patients were classified and assigned a specific subjection illustrating them as ‘inconvenient’ to the nurse's practice. Concurrently, their relatives were afforded the position of substitutes. The discourse exemplifies how the behaviour or appearances of ethnic minority patients cannot be reconciled with the traits of ethnic Danish patients. Finally, we discussed implications that such a strategy may have for the provision of healthcare services for ethnic minority patients in Denmark.
A brief psychological intervention for chronic pain in primary care: Examining long‐term effects from a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Miller‐Matero Lisa R. , Gavrilova Lyubov , Hecht Leah M. , Autio Kirsti , Tobin Erin T. , Braciszewski Jordan M. , Maye Melissa , Felton Julia W. , Ahmedani Brian K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the existence of evidence‐based psychological interventions for pain management, there are barriers that interfere with treatment engagement. A brief intervention integrated into primary care reduced barriers and showed promising benefits from pre‐ to post‐intervention. However, it is unknown whether a brief intervention can provide long‐term effects. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a brief psychological intervention offered benefits in pain severity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and depressive symptoms at 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups.MethodsThe majority of participants who enrolled in a pilot randomized clinical trial of a 5‐session psychological intervention for chronic pain in primary care completed the 1‐month (n = 54; 90%) and 6‐month follow‐ups (n = 50; 83.3%). Participants completed measures of pain severity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and depressive symptoms.ResultsFrom baseline to the 6‐month follow‐up, those in the intervention group had significantly better outcomes for pain severity (p = 0.01) and pain catastrophizing (p = 0.003) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for pain interference and depression. The percentage of patients in the intervention experiencing clinically significant improvement across all outcomes was higher than the control group.ConclusionsFindings suggest that a brief psychological intervention for chronic pain in primary care may offer longer‐term benefits similar to that of lengthier interventions. Future studies should examine this through a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample size.
Soil VOC emissions of a Mediterranean woodland are sensitive to shrub invasion
Authors: Meischner M. , Haberstroh S. , Daber L. E. , Kreuzwieser J. , Caldeira M. C. , Schnitzler J.‐P. , Werner C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Many belowground processes, such as soil respiration and soil–atmosphere VOC (volatile organic compounds) exchange, are closely linked to soil microbiological processes. However, little is known about how changes in plant species cover, i.e. after plant invasion, alter these soil processes. In particular, the response of soil VOC emissions to plant invasion is not well understood.

We analysed soil VOC emissions and soil respiration of a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber) ecosystem, comparing soil VOC emissions from a non‐invaded Q. suber woodland to one invaded by the shrub Cistus ladanifer. Soil VOC emissions were determined under controlled conditions using online proton‐transfer time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Net soil VOC emissions were measured by exposing soils with or without litter to different temperature and soil moisture conditions.

Soil VOC emissions were sensitive to C. ladanifer invasion. Highest net emission rates were determined for oxygenated VOC (acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, acetic acid), and high temperatures enhanced total VOC emissions. Invasion affected the relative contribution of various VOC. Methanol and acetaldehyde were emitted exclusively from litter and were associated with the non‐invaded sites. In contrast, acetone emissions increased in response to shrub presence. Interestingly, low soil moisture enhanced the effect of shrub invasion on VOC emissions.

Our results indicate that shrub invasion substantially influences important belowground processes in cork oak ecosystems, in particular soil VOC emissions. High soil moisture is suggested to diminish the invasion effect through a moisture‐induced increase in microbial decomposition rates of soil VOC.
Division behaviours and their effects on pre‐implantation development of pig embryos
Authors: Tao Ruixin , Bi Jiaying , Zhu Fuquan , Wang Xuguang , Jia Chao , Xu Hongxia , He Xu , Li Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe quality of pre‐implantation embryos could affect developmental efficiency after embryo transfer. However, the assessment of pre‐implantation embryos was unsatisfactory, especially in pig embryos to date. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate available and applicable parameters that indicate developmental potential and quality of porcine pre‐implantation embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC), and parthenogenetic activation without zona pellucida (PAZF) and with zona pellucida (PAZI). Firstly, a common division behaviour was detected, that is the formation of uneven division with two unequal size blastomeres (UD 2‐cell), especially in HMC embryos; then, the proportion of UD 2‐cell was found to be significantly higher than that of even division with equal size blastomeres (ED 2‐cell) (72.56 ± 4.56 vs. 24.57 ± 1.92). The formation of UD 2‐cell might be due to the spindle migration along the long axis in 1‐cell stage, and the cleavage furrow was not formed in the centre of cytoplasm. In the two sister blastomeres of UD 2‐cell, uneven distribution of organelles (mitochondria and lipid droplet) was observed with lower proportion in the smaller one (p < .05). Although no difference in blastocyst rate was observed between UD and ED 2‐cell embryos, the cell number per blastocyst from UD 2‐cell embryos was lower than that from ED 2‐cell embryos (44.15 ± 2.05 vs. 51.55 ± 1.83). Besides, because of non‐synchronized division of each blastomere, the following three cleavage routes were observed in all HMC/PAZF/PAZI embryos: T1 (2‐cell → 3‐cell → 4‐cell → ≥5‐cell → morula → blastocyst), T2 (2‐cell → 3‐cell → 4‐cell → morula → blastocyst) and T3 (2‐cell → 3‐cell/4‐cell → morula → blastocyst). Therefore, in pig in vitro‐produced embryos, division behaviours of uneven volume of cytoplasm and non‐synchronized cell cycles were observed at the early embryonic developmental stage, which might be another potential factor to evaluate embryonic development.
Solar radiation leads to increased collagenase gene expression (MMP1) in HERDA (Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia) affected horses and may explain the typical dorsal distribution of their lesions
Authors: da Cunha Neto Campo Amor Vieira , Badial Peres Ramos , de Oliveira‐Filho José Paes , de Andrade Danilo Giorgi Abranches , Araujo Jr João Pessoa , Borges Alexandre Secorun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) is a genetic disease that alters collagen biosynthesis. Affected horses exhibit fragile, hyperextensible skin, especially over the dorsal region. Although ultraviolet (UV) radiation seems to contribute to the regional distribution of lesions and worsening of clinical signs, the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of solar radiation on matrix metalloproteinase MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 gene expression in the dorsal and ventral skin of HERDA‐affected and HERDA‐unaffected horses [wild‐type (WT) horses].AnimalsSix HERDA‐affected and six unaffected Quarter horses (WT) were paired according to age, sex and coat colour.Materials and methodsHorses were submitted to 30 day sunlight restriction, followed by 15 day sunlight exposure. Dorsal and ventral skin biopsies were obtained at six sampling times over 45 days. The expression of MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 genes was measured by quantitative PCR.ResultsAlthough solar radiation modulated MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 expression, the effects were more pronounced on MMP1. Sun exposure for three days significantly upregulated MMP1 in the dorsal region when compared to the ventral skin in both unaffected and HERDA‐affected horses.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study shows that solar irradiation leads to upregulation of skin collagenase genes particularly MMP1 in the dorsal, sun‐exposed skin of horses. Furthermore, this was more marked in HERDA‐affected horses. The increased activity of collagenases on the disorganised collagen present in HERDA affected horses would explain why UV radiation leads to deterioration of clinical signs in affected individuals.
Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue‐derived metabolic hormones
Authors: Vasamsetti Sathish Babu , Natarajan Niranjana , Sadaf Samreen , Florentin Jonathan , Dutta Partha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called ‘adipocytokines/adipokines’ into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti‐inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium‐derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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El rol que desempeñan las empresas: retos y oportunidades en materia de derechos humanos
Authors: Cuervo Díaz Diana Elizabeth , Cuervo Díaz Nidia 
Published: June 2022

En este mundo cambiante y lleno de retos, se hace cada vez más relevante y urgente confluir en principios y valores concretos, en busca de establecer un entendimiento común que dé fundamento sólido y ético a las acciones, donde los individuos, los Estados y las empresas deben llevar a cabo en las próximas décadas para salvaguardar y preservar nuestra existencia como sociedad y como raza. En este panorama adquieren vital relevancia los Principios Rectores sobre las Empresas y los Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas (PRNU) (tablas 2, 3 y 4), los cuales son ampliamente conocidos como Principios de Ruggie, que John Ruggie, como secretario general de la ONU, logró su aceptación y posterior publicación en junio del 2011, después de años de arduo trabajo y esfuerzo conjunto. Estos principios están basados en tres pilares fundamentales: proteger, respetar y remediar; proteger los derechos humanos como obligación de los Estados; respetar los derechos humanos como responsabilidad de las empresas; y remediar los daños causados por las violaciones a los derechos humanos, mediante mecanismos eficaces y accesibles, implementados por los Estados y las empresas y son una herramienta conformada por 31 directrices. El presente artículo presenta una revisión del rol de las empresas de todos los niveles y estructuras, en materia de derechos unamos
Effects of social determinants on children’s health in informal settlements in Bangladesh and Kenya through an intersectionality lens: a study protocol
Authors: Kibuchi Eliud , Barua Proloy , Chumo Ivy , Teixeira de Siqueira Filha Noemia , Phillips-Howard Penelope , Mithu Md Imran Hossain , Kabaria Caroline , Quayyum Zahidul , Whittaker Lana , Dean Laura , Forsyth Ross , Selim Tasmiah , Aktar Bachera , Sai Varun , Garimella Sureka , Saidu Samuel , Gandi Ibrahim , Josyula Lakshmi K , Mberu Blessing , Elsey Helen , Leyland Alastair H , Gray Linsay 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that residents of urban informal settlements/slums are usually excluded and marginalised from formal social systems and structures of power leading to disproportionally worse health outcomes compared to other urban dwellers. To promote health equity for slum dwellers, requires an understanding of how their lived realities shape inequities especially for young children 0–4 years old (ie, under-fives) who tend to have a higher mortality compared with non-slum children. In these proposed studies, we aim to examine how key Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) factors at child and household levels combine to affect under-five health conditions, who live in slums in Bangladesh and Kenya through an intersectionality lens.Methods and analysisThe protocol describes how we will analyse data from the Nairobi Cross-sectional Slum Survey (NCSS 2012) for Kenya and the Urban Health Survey (UHS 2013) for Bangladesh to explore how SDoH influence under-five health outcomes in slums within an intersectionality framework. The NCSS 2012 and UHS 2013 samples will consist of 2199 and 3173 under-fives, respectively. We will apply Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy approach. Some of SDoH characteristics to be considered will include those of children, head of household, mothers and social structure characteristics of household. The primary outcomes will be whether a child had diarrhoea, cough, fever and acute respiratory infection (ARI) 2 weeks preceding surveys.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in events organised by the Accountability and Responsiveness in Informal Settlements for Equity consortium and international conferences. Ethical approval was not required for these studies. Access to the NCSS 2012 has been given by Africa Population and Health Center and UHS 2013 is freely available.
Managing dental unit waterlines: a quality improvement programme
Authors: Umer Fahad , Khan Madiha , Khan Farhan Raza , Tejani Karim 
Published: June 2022

The presence of bacterial biofilms within dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) can cause secondary bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients. As a result, the management of biofilms within waterlines has always concerned medical and dental professionals. In February 2020, an internal audit identified the high bacterial counts within the DUWLs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and this paper discusses a pragmatic approach to improving the water quality of DUWLs.A three-person committee was developed and the area for improvement was identified as the contaminated DUWLs. Distilled water samples from two dental units were first assessed as baseline in July 2020. The process changes were then implemented which included daily flushing of the dental unit waterlines and ‘shock treatment’ using A-dec ICX capsules. Subsequently, the units were tested after intervention on 24 August 2020 and water from all 16 dental units assessed on 20 November 2020 and again on 22 April 2021.The samples from all the dental units assessed showed marked reduction in bacterial counts and compliance with the Centers for Disease Control guidelines after intervention. All the dental units showed minimal bacterial counts; however, a slightly low pH was noted in the final round of water testing.DUWLs are heavily contaminated with microbes and pose potential risk both to the patient as well as the DHCPs. This study suggests that chemical disinfection using A-dec ICX tablets and flushing as an effective method of reducing the bacterial load in DUWLs.
Defining case management success: a qualitative study of case manager perspectives from a large-scale health and social needs support program
Authors: Knox Margae , Esteban Emily E , Hernandez Elizabeth A , Fleming Mark D , Safaeinilli Nadia , Brewster Amanda L 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveHealth systems are expanding efforts to address health and social risks, although the heterogeneity of early evidence indicates need for more nuanced exploration of how such programs work and how to holistically assess program success. This qualitative study aims to identify characteristics of success in a large-scale, health and social needs case management program from the perspective of interdisciplinary case managers.SettingCase management program for high-risk, complex patients run by an integrated, county-based public health system.Participants30 out of 70 case managers, purposively sampled to represent their interdisciplinary health and social work backgrounds. Interviews took place in March–November 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe analysis intended to identify characteristics of success working with patients.ResultsCase managers described three characteristics of success working with patients: (1) establishing trust; (2) observing change in patients’ mindset or initiative and (3) promoting stability and independence. Cross-cutting these characteristics, case managers emphasised the importance of patients defining their own success, often demonstrated through individualised, incremental progress. Thus, moments of success commonly contrasted with external perceptions and operational or productivity metrics.ConclusionsThemes emphasise the importance of compassion for complexity in patients’ lives, and success as a step-by-step process that is built over longitudinal relationships.