bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, characteristics, and psychological outcomes of workplace cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Ikeda Tomohiko , Hori Daisuke , Sasaki Hiroaki , Komase Yu , Doki Shotaro , Takahashi Tsukasa , Oi Yuichi , Ikeda Yu , Arai Yo , Muroi Kei , Ishitsuka Mami , Matsuura Asako , Go Wyi , Matsuzaki Ichiyo , Sasahara Shinichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The rapid introduction of teleworking due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to concerns about increases in cyberbullying (CB) worldwide. However, little is known about workplace CB in non-Western countries. The first objective was to clarify the prevalence and characteristics regarding workplace CB victimization in Japan. The second objective was to demonstrate the psychological outcomes of CB victimization in combination with traditional bullying (TB).

Methods
We conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional, Internet-based survey targeting regular employees in Japan (N = 1200) in January 2021. We investigated CB victimization using the Inventory of Cyberbullying Acts at Work and TB victimization by using the Short Negative Act Questionnaire. Possible explanatory factors for TB/CB victimization were sociodemographic variables, personality trait, chronic occupational stress, organizational climate, and gratitude at work. We also measured psychological distress, insomnia, and loneliness to assess adverse effects of workplace bullying. Two-step cluster analysis was used in determining the patterns combined with TB and CB victimization. Hierarchical binomial logistic regression analysis was used.

Results
In total, 8.0% of employees reported experiencing CB on a weekly basis. CB victimization was associated with younger age, managerial position, higher qualitative workload, and active information dissemination via the Internet, and frequency of teleworking. Three clusters based on TB and CB victimization patterns were identified: those who belong to the first cluster suffered neither from TB and CB (81.0%), the second cluster suffered only from TB (14.3%), and the third cluster suffered from both TB and CB (4.8%). The third cluster exhibited higher odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress (OR = 12.63, 95% CI = 4.20–38.03), insomnia (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.80–14.01), and loneliness (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.74–6.04) compared to the first cluster.

Conclusions
These findings firstly clarify the prevalence and correlated factors of CB victimization among employees in Japan. Further, we showed that psychological wellbeing can be impaired by the coexistence of TB and CB. Our research could be the first step to develop the effective countermeasures against workplace CB.
The effect of two multi-component behavior change interventions on cognitive functions
Authors: Bojsen-Møller Emil , Wang Rui , Nilsson Jonna , Heiland Emerald G. , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Kallings Lena V. , Ekblom Maria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
We previously reported the effects of two cluster-randomized 6-month multi-component workplace interventions, targeting reducing sedentary behavior or increasing physical activity among office workers, on movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these interventions on cognitive functions compared to a wait-list control group. The secondary aims were to examine if changes in cognition were related to change in cardiorespiratory fitness or movement behaviors and if age, sex, or cardiorespiratory fitness moderated these associations.

Methods
Both interventions encompassed multi-components acting on the individual, environmental, and organizational levels and aimed to change physical activity patterns to improve mental health and cognitive function. Out of 263 included participants, 139 (mean age 43 years, 76% females) completed a neuropsychological test battery and wore accelerometers at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The intervention effect (aim 1) on cognitive composite scores (i.e., Executive Functions, Episodic Memory, Processing Speed, and Global Cognition) was investigated. Additionally, associations between changes in movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness, and changes in cognition were examined (aim 2). Moreover, age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level were investigated as possible moderators of change associations (aim 3).

Results
Overall, cognitive performance improved from baseline to follow-up, but the change did not differ between the intervention groups and the control group. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or any movement behavior category did not predict changes in cognitive functions. The association between changes in time in bed and changes in both Executive Function and Global Cognition were moderated by age, such that a more positive relation was seen with increasing age. A less positive association was seen between changes in sedentary behavior and Processing Speed for men vs. women, whereas higher cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a more positive association between changes in moderate-intensity physical activity and Global Cognition.

Conclusion
The lack of an intervention effect on cognitive functions was expected since the intervention did not change movement behavior or fitness. Age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level might moderate the relationships between movement behaviors and cognitive functions changes.

Trial registration
ISRCTN92968402. Registered 09/04/2018.
Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of primary root canals transportation and dentin loss after instrumentation with two-pediatric rotary files
Authors: Abd El fatah Yasmine Ahmed Mortada , Khattab Nagwa Mohamed Ali , Gomaa Yasser Fathi , Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
This in vitro study aims to compare rotary files (Fanta and Zuanba) with manual K files according to the amount of dentin removed and canal transportation in primary mandibular second molars by CBCT images.

Methods
This experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted human second primary molars. That were divided into three groups according to root canal preparation group "I" instrumented with manual K-files, group "II" instrumented with rotary Fanta files, and group "III" instrumented with rotary Zuanba files. After root canal preparation, teeth were scanned before and after mechanical preparation with CBCT scanner. Then the amount of dentin removed was determined at three levels, including the coronal, middle and apical levels. Data were statically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Result
No statistically significant difference in the amount of dentin removed were noted between the manual and the rotary groups at the coronal and apical RC levels (P = 0.420) and (P = 0.819) respectively but significant difference was noted at the middle third (P = 0.043). Regarding RC transportation, no significant difference was noted among the three groups with the exception of the apical RC level (P = 0.043).

Conclusion
Although no significant differences were noted between rotary and manual files, the rotary files showed better performance.
Development and assessment of PharmaCheck: an electronic screening tool for the prevention of twenty major adverse drug events
Authors: Skalafouris Christian , Reny Jean-Luc , Stirnemann Jérôme , Grosgurin Olivier , Eggimann François , Grauser Damien , Teixeira Daniel , Jermini Megane , Bruggmann Christel , Bonnabry Pascal , Guignard Bertrand 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Adverse drug events (ADEs) can be prevented by deploying clinical decision support systems (CDSS) that directly assist physicians, via computerized order entry systems, and clinical pharmacists performing medication reviews as part of medical rounds. However, physicians using CDSS are known to be exposed to the alert-fatigue phenomenon. Our study aimed to assess the performance of PharmaCheck—a CDSS to help clinical pharmacists detect high-risk situations with the potential to lead to ADEs—and its impact on clinical pharmacists’ activities.

Methods
Twenty clinical rules, divided into four risk classes, were set for the daily screening of high-risk situations in the electronic health records of patients admitted to our General Internal Medicine Department. Alerts to clinical pharmacists encouraged them to telephone prescribers and suggest any necessary treatment adjustments. PharmaCheck’s performance was assessed using the intervention’s positive predictive value (PPV), which characterizes the proportion of interventions for each alert triggered. PharmaCheck’s impact was assessed by considering clinical pharmacists as a filter for ruling out futile alerts and by comparing the final clinical PPV with a pharmacist (the proportion of interventions that led to a change in the medical regimen) to the final clinical PPV without a pharmacist.

Results
Over 132 days, 447 alerts were triggered for 383 patients, leading to 90 interventions (overall intervention PPV = 20.1%). By risk class, intervention PPVs made up 26.9% (n = 65/242) of abnormal laboratory value alerts, 3.1% (4/127) of alerts for contraindicated medications or medications to be used with caution, 28.2% (20/71) of drug–drug interaction alerts, and 14.3% (1/7) of inadequate mode of administration alerts. Clinical PPVs reached 71.0% (64/90) when pharmacists filtered alerts and 14% (64/242) if they were not doing it.

Conclusion
PharmaCheck enabled clinical pharmacists to improve their traditional processes and broaden their coverage by focusing on 20 high-risk situations. Alert management by pharmacists seemed to be a more effective way of preventing risky situations and alert-fatigue than a model addressing alerts to physicians exclusively. Some fine-tuning could enhance PharmaCheck's performance by considering the information quality of triggers, the variability of clinical settings, and the fact that some prescription processes are already highly secured.
The impact of IgG subclass deficiency on the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients with COPD
Authors: Lee Hyun , Kovacs Cara , Mattman Andre , Hollander Zsuzsanna , Chen Virginia , Ng Raymond , Leung Janice M. , Sin Don D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency increases the risk of acute exacerbations and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the impact of IgG subclass deficiency on mortality in COPD is unknown. Here, we determined which IgG subclass, if any, is associated with increased risk of mortality in COPD.MethodsWe measured serum IgG subclass concentrations of 489 hospitalized patients with COPD who were enrolled in the Rapid Transition Program (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02050022). To evaluate the impact of IgG subclass deficiency on 1-year mortality, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed with adjustments for potential confounders.ResultsDeficiencies in IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were present in 1.8%, 12.1%, 4.3%, and 11.2% of patients, respectively. One-year mortality was 56% in patients with IgG1 deficiency, 27% in IgG2 deficiency, 24% in IgG3 deficiency, and 31% in IgG4 deficiency. Cox proportional modeling showed that IgG1 and IgG4 deficiencies increased the 1-year mortality risk with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55–9.87) and 1.74 (95% CI = 1.02–2.98), respectively. Neither IgG2 nor IgG3 deficiency significantly increased 1-year mortality. Two or more IgG subclass deficiencies were observed in 5.3%. Patients with 2 or more IgG subclass deficiencies had a higher 1-year mortality than those without any deficiencies (46.2% vs. 19.7%, p < 0.001), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.22 (95% CI = 1.18–4.17).ConclusionsIgG1 and IgG4 deficiency was observed in 1.8% and 11.2% of hospitalized patients with COPD, respectively, and these deficiencies were associated with a significantly increased risk of 1-year mortality.
Impaired lung function and mortality in Eastern Europe: results from multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Sarycheva Tatyana , Capkova Nadezda , Pająk Andrzej , Malyutina Sofia , Simonova Galina , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Bobák Martin , Pikhart Hynek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association between impaired lung function and mortality has been well documented in the general population of Western European countries. We assessed the risk of death associated with reduced spirometry indices among people from four Central and Eastern European countries.MethodsThis prospective population-based cohort includes men and women aged 45–69 years, residents in urban settlements in Czech Republic, Poland, Russia and Lithuania, randomly selected from population registers. The baseline survey in 2002–2005 included 36,106 persons of whom 24,993 met the inclusion criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of mortality over 11–16 years of follow-up for mild, moderate, moderate-severe and very severe lung function impairment categories.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, mild (hazard ratio (HR): 1.25; 95% CI 1.15‒1.37) to severe (HR: 3.35; 95% CI 2.62‒4.27) reduction in FEV1 was associated with an increased risk of death according to degree of lung impairment, compared to people with normal lung function. The association was only slightly attenuated but remained significant after exclusion of smokers and participants with previous history of respiratory diseases. The HRs varied between countries but not statistically significant; the highest excess risk among persons with more severe impairment was seen in Poland (HR: 4.28, 95% CI 2.14‒8.56) and Lithuania (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.21‒7.50).ConclusionsReduced FEV1 is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, with risk increasing with the degree of lung function impairment and some country-specific variation between the cohorts.
Metallothionein 2A (MT2A) controls cell proliferation and liver metastasis by controlling the MST1/LATS2/YAP1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Xi , Quan Jun , Shen Zhaolong , Zhang Zequn , Chen Zhijian , Li Liang , Li Xiaorong , Hu Gui , Deng Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three major cancers in the world and is the cancer with the most liver metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in the modulation of CRC cell proliferation and liver metastasis, as well as its molecular mechanisms.

Methods
The expression profile of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in colorectal cancer retrieved from TCGA, GEO and Oncomine database. The biological effect of MT2A overexpression was investigated mainly involving cell proliferation and migration in CRC cells as well as growth and metastasis in CRC animal models. To explore the specific mechanism of MT2A metastasis in CRC, transcriptome sequencing was used to compare the overall expression difference between the control group and the MT2A overexpression group.

Results
Metallothionein 2A (MT2A) was downregulated in the tumor tissues of patients with CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues and was related to the tumor M stage of patients. MT2A overexpression inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration in cells, as well as growth and metastasis in CRC animal models. While knockdown of MT2A had the opposite effect in cells. Western blotting confirmed that MT2A overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of MST1, LAST2 and YAP1, thereby inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway. Additionally, specific inhibitors of MST1/2 inhibited MT2A overexpression-mediated phosphorylation and relieved the inhibition of the Hippo signaling pathway, thus promoting cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous grafts and liver metastases further confirmed this result.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that MT2A is involved in CRC growth and liver metastasis. Therefore, MT2A and MST1 may be potential therapeutic targets for patients with CRC, especially those with liver metastases.
The understanding, application and influence of complexity in national physical activity policy-making
Authors: Rigby Benjamin P. , Dodd-Reynolds Caroline J. , Oliver Emily J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplexity theory and systems-thinking are increasingly popular in physical activity (PA) research and policy discourse. The impact of this perspective shift, across many sectors, may be underwhelming. We explore why, by focusing on how these concepts are understood and applied by PA policy-makers. This is of particular interest given the challenges of multisectoral interest and poorly defined stakeholder boundaries that are associated with PA promotion. In this study, we critique key elements of complexity theory and consider how it is understood and put into practice in PA policy-making.MethodsWe adopted a complex realist position. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with national-level policy-makers from United Kingdom government settings (five civil servants, three politicians, two policy advisors). An inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and managed with NVivo 10 software.ResultsThree overarching themes were constructed to reflect policy-makers’uncertaintyabout complexity and the application of such perspectives to this policy space, their sense that PA was anunexceptionable yet unclaimed policy issue, and their desire forinfluence and change. Participants discussed complexity in contrasting ways. Its meaning was context-dependent and dynamic, which generated uncertainty about applying the concept. Participants also perceived an increasingly diverse but ill-defined PA policy system that spans the domains of expertise and responsibility. Collaborative practices may contribute to a previously unobserved sense of detachment from the systems’ complexity. Nevertheless, participants suggested potentially effective ways to stimulate system change, which require passionate and enterprising leadership, and included varied evidence use, a focus on localised implementation and different ways to connect people.ConclusionsThis research highlighted the importance of extending complexity theory and systems-thinking. While emphasizing the prevalence of these ideas across the PA sector, there is uncertainty as to their meaning and implications. This may prevent their use in ways that enhance PA policies and programmes. Participants conceptualised PA as a tool, which was imposed on the system. While this may support participative decision-making and localised implementation, further research is needed to understand how local systems foster leadership, the practical application of complexity and systems-thinking, and how to support system-wide change in the development and implementation of PA policies.
Prehospital fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection: a survey of ambulance personnel’s practice
Authors: Jensen Marie Egebjerg , Jensen Arne Sylvester , Meilandt Carsten , Jørgensen Kristian Winther , Væggemose Ulla , Bach Allan , Kirkegaard Hans , Jessen Marie Kristine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection is controversial, and it is not known whether fluid treatment administered in the prehospital setting is beneficial. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines for prehospital fluid therapy for patients with suspected infection, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel are challenged on when and how to initiate such therapy.

This study aimed to assess EMS personnel’s decision-making in prehospital fluid therapy, including triggers for initiating fluid and fluid volumes, as well as the need for education and evidence-based guidelines on prehospital fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection.

Methods
An online survey concerning fluid administration in prehospital patients with suspected infection was distributed to all EMS personnel in the Central Denmark Region, including ambulance clinicians and prehospital critical care anaesthesiologists (PCCA). The survey consisted of sections concerning academic knowledge, statements about fluid administration, triggers to evaluate patient needs for intravenous fluid, and clinical scenarios.

Results
In total, 468/807 (58%) ambulance clinicians and 106/151 (70%) PCCA responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 73% (n = 341) of the ambulance clinicians and 100% (n = 106) of the PCCA felt confident about administering fluids to prehospital patients with infections. However, both groups primarily based their fluid-related decisions on “clinical intuition”. Ambulance clinicians named the most frequently faced challenges in fluid therapy as “Unsure whether the patient needs fluid” and “Unsure about the volume of fluid the patient needs”. The five most frequently used triggers for evaluating fluid needs were blood pressure, history taking, skin turgor, capillary refill time, and shock index, the last of which only applied to ambulance clinicians. In the scenarios, the majority administered 500 ml to a normotensive woman with suspected sepsis and 1000 ml to a woman with suspected sepsis-related hypotension. Moreover, 97% (n = 250) of the ambulance clinicians strongly agreed or agreed that they were interested in more education about fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection.

Conclusion
The majority of ambulance clinicians and PCCA based their fluid administration on “clinical intuition”. They faced challenges deciding on fluid volumes and individual fluid needs. Thus, they were eager to learn more and requested research and evidence-based guidelines.
Trinity of G-tetrads and origin of translation
Authors: Kankia Besik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The RNA world hypothesis cannot address most of the questions of the origin of life without violating the continuity principle (small Darwinian steps without foresight and miracles). Moreover, the RNA world is an isolated system incapable of accommodating the genetic code and evolving into extant biochemistry. All these problems are rooted in the central assumption of the hypothesis: de novo appearance of the ribozymes, production of which represents a multistep reaction requiring the complementarity principle. Thus, even the basis of the RNA world is at odds with the continuity principle—it uses foresight (multistep reaction) and a miracle (complementarity principle). Can a three-dimensional (3D) architecture, capable of molecular recognition and catalysis, be formed in a single-step reaction without the complementarity or any other preexisting rules?

Hypothesis
At first glance, the above question sounds rhetoric since the complementarity principle is the essential feature of the RNA world; it turns an RNA polymer into a genetic material. Without it, the RNA world becomes as shapeless and unconvincing as other hypotheses based on the non-hereditary molecules (i.e., protein world). However, it was suggested recently that the quadruplexes could initiate life and take necessary evolutionary steps before the arrival of the complementarity rules. The hypothesis relies on the unique properties of guanines (Gs) to self-assemble into G-tetrads and efficiently polymerize without any external help or preexisting rules. Interestingly, polyG folds into an unusually stable and well-structured monomolecular architecture that uses the quadruplex domain (QD) assembly. The QD has a strictly defined zigzag-like building pattern to accommodate only three G-tetrads. Since both QD architecture and codon length are based on triplets, the inevitable question arises: are they related? Or could QD play the role of the early adapter and determine the codon length? The current paper is an attempt to answer this question.

Conclusion
While without translation apparatus most of the steps of the extant translation are physically impossible, the QD-mediated translation is sterically feasible and can be explained by physicochemical properties of the QD and the amino acids without violating the continuity principle. Astonishingly, the quadruplex world hypothesis can address all the shortcomings of the RNA world, including its most significant challenge—step-by-step evolution from the polymerization of the first polynucleotide to the extant biochemistry.