bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus pneumoniae binds collagens and C1q via the SSURE repeats of the PfbB adhesin
Authors: De Gaetano Giuseppe Valerio , Coppolino Francesco , Lentini Germana , Famà Agata , Cullotta Chiara , Raffaele Ivana , Motta Chiara , Teti Giuseppe , Speziale Pietro , Pietrocola Giampiero , Beninati Concetta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe binding of Streptococcus pneumoniae to collagen is likely an important step in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infections, but little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Streptococcal surface repeats (SSURE) are highly conserved protein domains present in cell wall adhesins from different Streptococcus species. We find here that SSURE repeats of the pneumococcal adhesin plasminogen and fibronectin binding protein B (PfbB) bind to various types of collagen. Moreover, deletion of the pfbB gene resulted in a significant impairment of the ability of encapsulated or unencapsulated pneumococci to bind collagen. Notably, a PfbB SSURE domain is also bound to the complement component C1q that bears a collagen‐like domain and promotes adherence of pneumococci to host cells by acting as a bridge between bacteria and epithelial cells. Accordingly, deletion of PfbB or pre‐treatment with anti‐SSURE antibodies markedly decreased pneumococcal binding to C1q as well as C1q‐dependent adherence to epithelial and endothelial cells. Further data indicated that C1q promotes pneumococcal adherence by binding to integrin α2β1. In conclusion, our results indicate that the SSURE domains of the PfbB protein promote interactions of pneumococci with various types of collagen and with C1q. These repeats may be useful targets in strategies to control S. pneumoniae infections.
Autonomic dysfunction in older individuals: The contributions of multiple brain diseases and diabetes
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Sawai Setsu , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Iimura Ayako 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present article reviewed autonomic dysfunction in older individuals. The following estimated incidences are reported among octogenarians (age >80 years): white matter disease (WMD), 80%; Alzheimer's disease (AD), 33%; and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 7%–8%. A combination of AD + WMD is the most common. The estimated incidence in octogenarians of diabetes that produces small fiber neuropathy is 30%. Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bladder, and bowel motility dysfunction also increase with age. The links between all of these disorders are still obscure, but associations have been postulated between orthostatic hypotension with DLB and diabetes, between overactive bladder with WMD and DLB (AD in part), and between bowel motility dysfunction with DLB and diabetes. Management and care of autonomic dysfunction is thus necessary to maximize the quality of life of older individuals and avoid emergency of syncope, urinary retention, or ileus.
Explicitly accounting for needle sugar pool size crucial for predicting intra‐seasonal dynamics of needle carbohydrates δ18O and δ13C
Authors: Leppä Kersti , Tang Yu , Ogée Jérôme , Launiainen Samuli , Kahmen Ansgar , Kolari Pasi , Sahlstedt Elina , Saurer Matthias , Schiestl‐Aalto Pauliina , Rinne‐Garmston Katja T. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

We explore needle sugar isotopic compositions (δ18O and δ13C) in boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) over two growing seasons.

A leaf‐level dynamic model driven by environmental conditions and based on current understanding of isotope fractionation processes was built to predict δ18O and δ13C of two hierarchical needle carbohydrate pools, accounting for the needle sugar pool size and the presence of an invariant pinitol pool.

Model results agreed well with observed needle water δ18O, δ18O and δ13C of needle water‐soluble carbohydrates (sugars + pinitol), and needle sugar δ13C (R2 = 0.95, 0.84, 0.60, 0.73, respectively). Relative humidity (RH) and intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca) were the dominant drivers of δ18O and δ13C variability, respectively. However, the variability of needle sugar δ18O and δ13C was reduced on diel and intra‐seasonal timescales, compared to predictions based on instantaneous RH and Ci/Ca, due to the large needle sugar pool, which caused the signal formation period to vary seasonally from 2 d to more than 5 d. Furthermore, accounting for a temperature‐sensitive biochemical 18O‐fractionation factor and mesophyll resistance in 13C‐discrimination were critical.

Interpreting leaf‐level isotopic signals requires understanding on time integration caused by mixing in the needle sugar pool.
Interleukin‐34 permits Porphyromonas gingivalis survival and NF‐κB p65 inhibition in macrophages
Authors: Almarghlani Ammar , Settem Rajendra P. , Croft Andrew J. , Metcalfe Sarah , Giangreco Matthew , Kay Jason G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterleukin‐34 (IL‐34) is a cytokine that supports the viability and differentiation of macrophages. An important cytokine for the development of epidermal immunity, IL‐34, is present and plays a role in the immunity of the oral environment. IL‐34 has been linked to inflammatory periodontal diseases, which involve innate phagocytes, including macrophages. Whether IL‐34 can alter the ability of macrophages to effectively interact with oral microbes is currently unclear. Using macrophages derived from human blood monocytes with either the canonical cytokine colony‐stimulating factor (CSF)1 or IL‐34, we compared the ability of the macrophages to phagocytose, kill, and respond through the production of cytokines to the periodontal keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. While macrophages derived from both cytokines were able to engulf the bacterium equally, IL‐34‐derived macrophages were much less capable of killing internalized P. gingivalis. Of the macrophage cell surface receptors known to interact with P. gingivalis, dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐grabbing nonintegrin was found to have the largest variation between IL‐34‐ and CSF1‐derived macrophages. We also found that upon interaction with P. gingivalis, IL‐34‐derived macrophages produced significantly less of the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL‐8 than macrophages derived in the presence of CSF1. Mechanistically, we identified that the levels of IL‐8 corresponded with P. gingivalis survival and dephosphorylation of the major transcription factor NF‐κB p65. Overall, we found that macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL‐34, a dominant cytokine in the oral gingiva, have a reduced ability to kill the keystone pathogen P. gingivalis and may be susceptible to specific bacteria‐mediated cytokine modification.
Efficacy of intravenous propranolol for life‐threatening diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis
Authors: Ishikawa Takamichi , Seki Keigo , Uchiyama Hiroki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOral propranolol is recommended as the first‐line agent for infantile hemangioma requiring systemic treatment. Life‐threatening complications such as obstructive infantile hemangioma of the airway or infantile hepatic hemangioma associated with high‐output congestive heart failure are major indications for the consideration of early treatment. We present the case of an infant with life‐threatening diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, including airway obstruction due to subglottic hemangioma, heart failure due to multiple hepatic hemangiomas with portohepatic venous shunts, and severe anemia due to continuous gastrointestinal bleeding, in which treatment with intravenous propranolol proved successful.
Phosphite‐mediated enhancement of defence responses in Agrostis stolonifera and Poa annua infected by Microdochium nivale
Authors: Dempsey John J. , Wilson Ian , Spencer‐Phillips Peter T. N. , Arnold Dawn L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ascomycete fungus Microdochium nivale is one of the most damaging pathogens of cool season turfgrass. Prevention of and recovery from infection is costly to many sports facilities each year. In recent years, use of many chemical plant protectants has been restricted and turfgrass managers have increasingly sought alternative measures for disease control. The use of phosphite has been shown to be effective in reducing M. nivale disease symptoms in Agrostis stolonifera and Poa annua. The aim of this research was to assess initial defence responses in M. nivale‐infected turfgrass, specifically total phenolic content and hydrogen peroxide generation, to determine the effect phosphite treatment has on these responses and on suppression of symptoms. Phenolic compounds and H2O2 are shown to be components of host responses. Phosphite treatment led to enhanced accumulations of total phenolic content, and when applied sequentially or singly to greenhouse plants, it led to significant reductions in M. nivale disease symptoms compared to phosphate‐treated plants or controls. H2O2 extractions indicated that while phosphite treatment increased H2O2 generation compared to controls, the effect was no different to the responses in phosphate‐treated plants.
Little evidence for long‐term harm from antenatal corticosteroids in a population‐based very low birthweight young adult cohort
Authors: Darlow Brian A. , Harris Sarah L. , Horwood L. John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntenatal corticosteroids (ACS) given to mothers with anticipated very preterm delivery are widely used and improve infant outcomes. Follow‐up studies of the first trials of ACS have shown no adverse effects, but recently there have been concerns about possible longer‐term harms.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the relationship of ACS therapy to a range of physical health and welfare measures in a cohort of very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g) young adults.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort follow‐up study. All VLBW infants born in New Zealand in 1986 were included in a prospective audit of retinopathy of prematurity. Perinatal data collection included information on ACS. At 26–30 years, 250 of 323 (77%) survivors participated, 58% having received ACS, with 229 assessed in one centre, including cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory and neurocognitive measures. Differences in outcome between those receiving/not receiving ACS were summarised by the mean difference for continuous outcomes supplemented by Cohen’s d as a standardised measure of effect size (ES), and risk ratios (RRI) for dichotomous outcomes, adjusted for relevant covariates using generalised linear regression methods.ResultsThere were no or minimal adverse effects of receipt of ACS versus no receipt across a range of health and welfare outcomes, both for the full cohort (adjusted ES range d = 0.01–0.23; adjusted RR range 0.78–2.03) and for individuals with gestation <28 weeks (extremely preterm; EP), except for a small increase in rates of major depression. In EP adults, receipt of ACS was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension, but might have a small benefit for IQ.ConclusionsIn this population‐based VLBW cohort, we detected minimal adverse outcomes associated with exposure to ACS by the third decade of life, a similar result to the 30‐year follow‐up of participants in the first ACS trial. However, further follow‐up is warranted.
Aerial and underground organs display specific metabolic strategies to cope with water stress under rising atmospheric CO2 in Fagus sylvatica L.
Authors: Fernández de Simón Brígida , Cadahía Estrella , Aranda Ismael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeech is known to be a moderately drought‐sensitive tree species, and future increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]) could influence its ecological interactions, also with changes at the metabolic level. The metabolome of leaves and roots of drought‐stressed beech seedlings grown under two different [CO2] (400 (aCO2) and 800 (eCO2) ppm) was analyzed together with gas exchange parameters and water status. Water stress estimated from predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was similar under both [CO2], although eCO2 had a positive impact on net photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency. The aerial and underground organs showed different metabolomes. Leaves mainly stored C metabolites, while those of N and P accumulated differentially in roots. Drought triggered the proline and N‐rich amino acids biosynthesis in roots through the activation of arginine and proline pathways. Besides the TCA cycle, polyols and soluble sugar biosynthesis were activated in roots, with no clear pattern seen in the leaves, prioritizing the root functioning as metabolites sink. eCO2 slightly altered this metabolic acclimation to drought, reflecting mitigation of its effect. The leaves showed only minor changes, investing C surplus in secondary metabolites and malic acid. The TCA cycle metabolites and osmotically active substances increased in roots, but many other metabolites decreased as if the water stress was dampened. Above‐ and belowground plant metabolomes were differentially affected by two drivers of climate change, water scarcity and high [CO2], showing different chemical responsiveness that could modulate the tree adaptation to future climatic scenarios.
On being angry at oneself
Authors: Silva Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of self‐anger has been overlooked in the contemporary literature on emotion. This is a failing we should seek to remedy. In this paper I provide the first effort towards a philosophical characterization of self‐anger. I argue that self‐anger is a genuine instance of anger and that, as such, it is importantly distinct from the negative self‐directed emotions of guilt and shame. Doing so will uncover a potentially distinctive role for self‐anger in our moral psychology, as one of the strongest affective motivators for self‐change.
Serum supplementation during in vitro fertilization of sheep oocytes influences blastocyst quality through the differential abundance of mRNA transcripts
Authors: Sánchez‐Ajofrín Irene , Peris‐Frau Patricia , García‐Álvarez Olga , Fernández‐Santos María del Rocío , Montoro Vidal , Garde José Julián , Soler Ana Josefa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncubation with estrous sheep serum (ESS) is required to induce in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization of small ruminants. However, the effect of adding different serum concentrations in the fertilization media on the quality of resulting blastocysts has not yet been studied. Here, 298 sheep oocytes were co‐incubated with capacitated spermatozoa with either 10% or 2% ESS. There were no differences between treatments in cleavage (10% ESS: 63.81 ± 5.87% and 2% ESS: 45.31 ± 5.87%) and blastocyst rates (10% ESS: 20.83 ± 2.12% and 2% ESS: 15.93 ± 2.12%). Nonetheless, in vitro‐produced blastocysts from the 10% ESS treatment showed a higher transcript abundance of mRNAs involved in apoptosis (ITM2B and BCL2), antioxidant defence (GPX1) and growth‐related imprinting (IGF2R). Our data suggest that ESS supplementation during in vitro fertilization can influence the quality of sheep embryos at later stages of development by increasing the transcription of developmentally important genes.
Murphy Scale: A locational equivalent intensity scale for hazard events
Authors: Wang Yi Victor , Sebastian Antonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmpirical cross‐hazard analysis and prediction of disaster vulnerability, resilience, and risk requires a common metric of hazard strengths across hazard types. In this paper, the authors propose anequivalent intensity scalefor cross‐hazard evaluation of hazard strengths of events for entire durations at locations. The proposed scale is called theMurphy Scale, after Professor Colleen Murphy. A systematic review and typology of hazard strength metrics is presented to facilitate the delineation of the defining dimensions of the proposed scale. An empirical methodology is introduced to derive equivalent intensities of hazard events on a Murphy Scale. Using historical data on impacts and hazard strength indicators of events from 2013 to 2017, the authors demonstrate the utility of the proposed methodology for computing the equivalent intensities for earthquakes and tropical cyclones. As part of a new area of research calledhazard equivalency, the proposed Murphy Scale paves the way toward creating multi‐hazard hazard maps. The proposed scale can also be leveraged to facilitate hazard communication regarding past and future local experiences of hazard events for enhancing multi‐hazard preparedness, mitigation, and emergency response.
Sociospatial Differentiation in Stalinist Moscow
Authors: Sidorov Dmitrii 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn 1917, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia under the banner of equality. Within the city, their aspiration to eliminate the core‐periphery sociospatial disparities resulted in dividing Moscow's privileged historic centre among its peripheral districts. This attempt to design districts of similar socio‐economic composition was short‐lived. Already in the 1930s, corresponding with the rise of the Stalinist state, the city centre partially re‐appeared in the form of the newly established smaller sectorial districts that were eliminated only after Stalin's death. Utilizing previously classified archival data of the 1939 population census, this paper sheds light on the sociospatial differentiation of Stalinist Moscow by comparing its central districts to the rest of the city as well as to the Bolshevik zoning of the 1920s. This analysis posits that the Bolshevik ideal of territorial equality was not achieved: politically, ethnically and socially, Stalinist Moscow in the late 1930s remained spatially unequal.
Concerted cis and trans effects underpin heightened defense gene expression in multi‐herbivore‐resistant maize lines
Authors: Ji Meiyuan , Bui Huyen , Ramirez Ricardo A. , Clark Richard M. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYIn maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), agriculturally damaging herbivores include lepidopteran insects, such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and distantly related arthropods, like the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). A small number of maize lines, including B96 and B75, are highly resistant to both herbivores, and B96 is also resistant to thrips. Using T. urticae as a representative pest that causes significant leaf tissue damage, we examined the gene expression responses of these lines to herbivory in comparison with each other and with the susceptible line B73. Upon herbivory, the most resistant line, B96, showed the strongest gene expression response, with a dramatic upregulation of genes associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, as well as the biosynthesis of specialized herbivore deterrent compounds, such as death acids and benzoxazinoids. Extending this work with allele‐specific expression analyses in F1 hybrids, we inferred that the concerted upregulation of many defense genes, including the majority of benzoxazinoid biosynthetic genes in B96, as compared with B73, for the herbivore treatment, resulted from an assemblage of trans control and multiple cis effects acting with similar directionality on gene expression. Further, at the level of individual and potentially rate limiting genes in several major defense pathways, cis and trans effects acted in a reinforcing manner to result in exceptionally high expression in B96. Our study provides a comprehensive resource of cis elements for maize lines important in breeding efforts for herbivore resistance, and reveals potential genetic underpinnings of the origins of multi‐herbivore resistance in plant populations.
Classifying Sarcoma Cancer Using Deep Neural Networks Based on Multi-Omics Data
Authors: Azmi Nur Sabrina , A Samah Azurah , Abdul Majid Hairudin , Ali Shah Zuraini , Hashim Haslina , Azman Nuraina Syaza , Mohamed Hashim Ezzeddin Kamil 
Published: May 2022

The challenge in classifying cancer may lead to inaccurate classification of cancers, especially sarcoma cancer since it consists of rare types of cancer. It is hard for the clinician to confirm the patient's condition because an accurate diagnosis can only be made by the specialist pathology. Therefore, instead of a single omics is used to identify the disease marker, an approach of integrating these omics to represent multi-omics brings more advantages in detecting and presenting the phenotype of the cancers. Nowadays, the advancement of computational models especially deep learning offered promising approaches in solving high-level omics of data with faster processing speed. Hence, the purpose of this study is to classify cancer and non-cancerous patients using Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) and One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) to evaluate which algorithm classifies better using high correlated multi-omics data. The study employed both computational models to fit multi-omics dataset. Sarcoma omics datasets used in this study was obtained from the Multi-Omics Cancer Benchmark TCGA Pre-processed Data of ACGT Ron Shamir Lab repository. From the results, the accuracy obtained for the SDAE was 50.93% and 52.78% for the 1D CNN. The result show 1D CNN model outperformed SDAE in classifying sarcoma cancer.
The Green’s Function-Based Thermal Analysis of a Spherical Geothermal Tank in a Semi-Infinite Domain
Authors: Wang Tengxiang , Wu Chunlin , Zhang Liangliang , Yin Huiming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Green’s function of a bimaterial infinite domain with a plane interface is applied to thermal analysis of a spherical underground heat storage tank. The heat transfer from a spherical source is derived from the integral of the Green’s function over the spherical domain. Because the thermal conductivity of the tank is generally different from soil, the Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method (EIM) is used to simulate the thermal conductivity mismatch of the tank from the soil. For simplicity, the ground with an approximately uniform temperature on the surface is simulated by a bimaterial infinite domain, which is perfectly conductive above the ground. The heat conduction in the ground is investigated for two scenarios: First, a steady-state uniform heat flux from surface into the ground is considered, and the heat flux is disturbed by the existence of the tank due to the conductivity mismatch. A prescribed temperature gradient, or an eigen-temperature gradient, is introduced to investigate the local temperature field in the neighborhood of the tank. Second, when a temperature difference exists between the water in the tank and soil, the heat transfer between the tank and soil depends on the tank size, conductivity, and temperature difference, which provide a guideline for heat exchange design for the tank size. The modeling framework can be extended to two-dimensional cases, periodic, or transient heat transfer problems for geothermal well operations. The corresponding Green’s functions are provided for those applications.
Supplemental Material: A High-Resolution Multispectral Macro-Imager for Geology and Paleontology
Authors: Manzuk Ryan A. , al. et 
Published: May 2022

<p>This supplement is intended to show our multispectral setup in more detail and explain how we mitigate chromatic aberration. We include a figure with annotated computer-aided design renderings of our transmitted and reflected light setups, and details for our light emission spectra. The text begins with background on the problem of chromatic aberration, details our experimental setup and blur modeling calculations, and discusses our final results. </p>
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