bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Poly-Herbal Formula (PHF5) on Hepatoprotective and Biochemical Parameters of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: U. Iloanusi David , C. Njoku George , C. Aririguzo Prisca , C. Nwagu Isabel , C. Iloanusi Mildred , P. Christain Chizurum 
Published: March 2022

Background: The current estimates by World Health Organization revealed that near 2030, the number of diabetic patients will reach up to 370 million in the world wide . It would be one of the most common degenerative illnesses in human beings in future that needs to seek urgent solution. Plants have been the major source of medicine since the ancient time.
Purpose: This study evaluated the hepaprotective action of Ocimum gratissimum, Gnetum africanum, Gongronema latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina and Aloe Barbadensis leaf extracts and their effects on biochemical parameters of induced alloxan diabetic wister rats. Standard methods were used in the extraction process.
Methods: Thirty (30) male Wistar rats weighing (80_120) grams were obtained and they were kept in animal house to acclimatize for two weeks prior to the experiment. The rats were divided into six groups containing five rats each. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 had the diabetic rats treated with PHF5 (75 mg/kg bodyweight); group 3 contained diabetic rats treated with PHF5 (150 mg/kg bodyweight); group 4 contained diabetic rats treated with PHF5 (300 mg/kg bodyweight); group 5 had diabetic rats not given any intervention, group 6 contained diabetic rats treated with Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bodyweight). The rats were induced via intra peritoneal by using alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg bodyweight). Extracts of PHF5 were administered to the rats orally for eight weeks, after which rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under light ether anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical evaluation using standard techniques (Randox kits). Fasting blood glucose level was checked weekly.
Results: Acute toxicity studies of PHF5 revealed no toxicity to the animals that received the PHF5 dose up to 1000 mg/kg bodyweight. The increased liver (Aspartate amino transferase, Alanine Transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase) marker enzymes in the diabetic rats were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the PHF5 treated rats and found to be within the normal range while total protein was significantly higher showed no effect on the liver total protein.
Conclusion: It is concluded that this study suggest that treating alloxan induced diabetic rats with poly herbal formulated (PHF5); Ocimum gratissimum, Gnetum africanum, Gongronema latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina, and Aloe Barbadensis leaf extracts in different doses of mg/kg enhanced hepaprotective protection against body damage.
An Evaluation of Number of Shares Outstanding, Ownership Structure and Firm Size on the Controlling Effect of Dividend Policy on Shareholders Wealth Volatility of Some Selected Companies Listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX)
Authors: Orelope Koleosho Adekunle , Akintoye Ishola Rufus , Ajibade Ayodeji Temitope , Ajayi-Owoeye Ayooluwa Olotu , Abe Peter Oludare 
Published: March 2022

Shareholders wealth volatility has exhibited different patterns in different global exchange markets including the Nigerian exchange. Unravelling attempts of the possible causes of this volatility have been made, as well as how the aforementioned are mitigated. These attempts are due to their implications on share valuation as well as the need to reduce market manipulations. Studies have shown that dividend decision has been one of the major puzzles yet unresolved regarding shareholders wealth volatility and there have been fewer studies in this regard, especially in developing economies like Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined the effect of dividend policy on shareholders wealth volatility of selected companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange.
The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study is 162 companies listed in the Nigerian Exchange as at 31 December 2020. The study sample consisted of 49 companies randomly selected. Data for the period 2010 - 2020 were collected from the NSE, and companies’ data on the Bloomberg Terminals and their official websites. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics resulted from Regression and Correlation analysis. The study found that the dividend policy exerted a statistically significant effect on Shareholders wealth Volatility (Adj.R2 = 0.303, W(3, 2156) = 95.82, p = 0.000). Firm Size, Number of Shares Outstanding and Ownership Structure jointly and significantly controlled the effect of Dividend Policy on Shareholders Wealth Volatility (∆Adj.R2 = 0.114, W (6, 2156) = 320.41, p = 0.000). The study concluded that dividend policy affects shareholders' wealth volatility. The study recommended that the companies should focus more on the payout ratio while investors should go for entities with constant dividend payout ratio. In addition, it further recommended that policy owners should enforce adherence to the minimum free float requirements of the Nigerian Exchange.
High‐Brightness, High‐Resolution, and Flexible Triboelectrification‐Induced Electroluminescence Skin for Real‐Time Imaging and Human–Machine Information Interaction
Authors: Jia Chunyang , Xia Yifan , Zhu Yan , Wu Min , Zhu Shunli , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith perceiving and converting mechanical stimuli into electrical and visual readouts simultaneously, electronic skin endows a safe and effective interaction between human and environment. However, both weak optical signals and low spatial resolution are still challenging the potential application of electronic skin in human–machine information interaction (HMI). Herein, a novel high‐brightness, high‐resolution, and flexible triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) skin is developed for real‐time imaging and HMI. The TIEL skin composed of ZnS:Cu‐embedded polyvinylidene‐fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (ZEPH) film can convert gentle touch stimuli into real‐time light emission at trigger pressure threshold as low as 1.25 kPa. Moreover, collected by fiber optic spectrometer, the brightness of TIEL is 2.5 times as strong as an LED lighted up by 2 V power supply. Meanwhile, the bright TIEL emission can also be observed by the naked eyes in the daytime. Furthermore, a spatial resolution of less than 220 µm can be achieved in real‐time TIEL imaging. Additionally, by integrating the ZEPH films with the microcontroller, a wearable optical–electrical dual‐output‐based wireless communication system is constructed to control the trajectory of a miniature car. The unique operation of the desired TIEL with simple fabrication demonstrates a great potential in trajectory tracking, skin prosthesis, robotics, and advanced HMI.
Tunable Friction Properties of Periodic Wrinkled BaTiO3 Membranes
Authors: Liu Haixia , Yuan Haozhi , Dong Guohua , Wu Kai , Liu Gang , Sun Jun , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe wrinkled patterns may find potential applications in the areas that require tunable friction properties, such as flexible electronics, nanomechanical systems, and biomedical devices. However, the regulation of wrinkled patterns and the influence of friction property remain poorly understood, especially in the field of oxides. The epitaxial wrinkled BaTiO3 (BTO) membranes are prepared by the pulsed laser deposition and water‐dissolution process. The patterns, amplitude, and wavelength of the wrinkled BTO membranes are dependent on the thickness, pre‐stretched mechanical stress, and heat treatment. The friction properties of the wrinkled BTO membranes exhibit various anisotropic and periodic features due to the varying wrinkled patterns as applying different mechanical stress, including anisotropy with 180° angular periodicity, anisotropy with 360° angular periodicity, and isotropy, corresponding to the parallel, zigzag, and labyrinth patterns, respectively. Moreover, the heat process can further alter the magnitude of the friction property, showing a downward trend with increasing temperature. These results provide a better understanding of the friction properties of wrinkled patterns and pave a novel way to alter the friction properties for extensive applications.
A Durable Fluorine‐Free MOF‐Based Self‐Cleaning Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric for Oil‐Water Separation
Authors: Long Zhiwen , Yuan Luhan , Chen Jianyu , Luo Lei , Shi Chu , Wu Caiqin , Qiao Hui , Wang Keliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to fabricate durable and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic surfaces through simple procedures. In this study, a novel fabrication method for constructing robust, wearable, and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic surfaces on cotton textiles has been achieved via in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) layers followed by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification. The roughness created by the sheet‐like structure is optimized by tuning the mole ratio between 2‐methylimidazole and zinc nitrate during the in situ growth, while polydopamine (PDA) is introduced to improve the durability and stability. The resultant PDA/ZIF‐8/PDMS@cotton fabric exhibits a maximum water contact angle of 156.4° and a low sliding hysteresis angle of 3.8°. The as‐prepared superhydrophobic fabric also presents excellent durability and stability, and outstanding resistance against continuous sunlight exposure and various chemical reagents. In addition, the superhydrophobic surface possesses excellent self‐cleaning and anti‐fouling performance, as well as high separation efficiency >97% and reusability when serving as a filter during the oil‐water separation. The proposed approach and prepared superhydrophobic fabric strongly demonstrate the potential applications in oil‐water separation with a prolonged life cycle.
Current Progress and Scalable Approach toward the Synthesis of 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Jeffrey E. , Yang Zhen‐Jie , Koh Hoong Uei , Shen Jie , Cai Yichen , Yamauchi Yusuke , Yeh Li‐Hsien , Tung Vincent , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract2D metal–organic frameworks (MOF) have demonstrated exceptional properties and advantages for applications in catalysis, membrane separation, medicine, and energy harvesting and storage systems as compared to their bulk counterpart. Despite these promises, scalable synthesis of 2D MOFs remains a frontier challenge in chemistry, which limits its potential for commercialization. This review article provides a brief overview on different 2D MOF synthetic approaches followed by recent advances toward the scalable synthesis of 2D MOFs.
3D Printed Flexible Microscaled Porous Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites for Piezoresistive Sensing Applications
Authors: Abshirini Mohammad , Saha Mrinal C. , Altan M. Cengiz , Liu Yingtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPorous conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPNCs) have attracted significant attention for developing flexible piezoresistive sensors. In this work, a novel approach is developed by combining direct ink writing (DIW) and solvent evaporation induced phase separation method to synthesize porous CPNC with strain sensing capabilities. CPNC is prepared by dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at various concentrations in polydimethylsiloxane polymer, followed by mixing with solvent and nonsolvent phases to achieve a homogenous solution. 3D structures with 100% infill density are deposited layer‐by‐layer via DIW, while a microscaled porous network is formed during the curing cycle. The phase separation is induced by solvent evaporation, followed by the nonsolvent phase, while the polymer experiences gelation during the heat treatment procedure. The microstructure of the printed samples is characterized utilizing a scanning electron microscope. The piezoresistive and mechanical behavior of porous CPNC is evaluated to identify the optimum formulation that provides the highest sensitivity and flexibility. The sensors made with 1 wt% CNT loading with the optimum printing conditions are then fully characterized to evaluate the durability and reliability of the 3D printed sample for long‐term piezoresistive applications. The porous CPNCs are successfully employed as a piezoresistive sensor to detect human motion.
Observation of Vibrational Phosphorescence Peaks at Room Temperature and Their Impacts on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation
Authors: Qiao Xianfeng , Liu Hui , Xiao Shu , Yuan Peisen , Yao Jingwen , Chen Yuwen , Lu Ping , Ma Dongge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTriplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) is a feasible approach for utilizing electrically generated triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes. However, low TTA efficiency is often observed in solids. Owing to the optically inaccessible nature of triplets, the main loss routes of the TTA process remain unknown. In this work, three vibrational emission peaks of the first excited triplet state (T1) are identified in the sensitized room‐temperature phosphorescence of TTA molecules. These peaks provide strong evidence of the loss channels of TTA. It is found that the monomolecular recombination of T1 represents an energy‐loss channel that combines the transient photoluminescence of both upconversion fluorescence and phosphorescence. Moreover, the study demonstrates that low‐energy vibrational T1 acts as an energy‐loss channel with only slight contributions to TTA. This work presents constructive insights into the improvement of TTA efficiency in solid films.
Direct Synthesis of Alkylthioimidazoles: One‐Pot Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling Mediated by Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Yang Jianjing , Zeng Ting , Yan Kelu , Qin Zonghui , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe direct synthesis of alkylthioimidazoles was initially accomplished via a one‐pot three‐component cross‐coupling mediated by a paired electrolysis strategy using non‐activated chloroalkane as the alkylating agent. This protocol provides a straightforward method for the preparation of alkylthioimidazoles by employing water as the co‐solvent at room temperature without any exogenous‐oxidants and metal catalysts. Inactivated primary, secondary, tertiary haloalkanes and various isothiocyanates can be compatible with the established conditions to obtain the corresponding products with a moderate yield. The mechanism of this one‐pot three‐component cross‐coupling reaction undergoes a radical process mediated by paired electrolysis.magnified image
An Efficient Electrocatalyst Based on Vertically Aligned Heteroatom(B/N/P/O/S)‐Doped Graphene Array Integrated with FeCoNiP Nanoparticles for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Xiaolin , Tian Yuchen , Shaik Firdoz , Yang Jine , Liu Rong , Guo Kaiming , Jiang Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIron group metal phosphides (IMPs) are one of the most promising substitutes for non‐noble electrocatalysts in overall water splitting. In this work, an electrocatalyst system consisting of different vertically aligned heteroatom‐doped graphene arrays (X‐rGO, X = N, P, B, O, S) integrated with FeCoNiP nanoparticles (FeCoNiP@X‐rGO, X = N, P, B, O, S) is prepared for overall water splitting. The unique vertical structure and the synergistic effect between the P in P‐rGO and the P in FeCoNiP leads to the excellent electrocatalytic performance of FeCoNiP@P‐rGO by exhibiting low overpotentials (121 and 216 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively. As well as a low overpotential (354 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 m KOH. The FeCoNiP@P‐rGO electrocatalyst exhibits an outstanding durability toward overall water splitting in alkaline electrolytes, and excellent Faraday efficiency (about 92%) as well. This work provides an insight in proper tuning and the development of appropriate substrates for IMPs and other transition metal compounds toward cost‐effective and high efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting reactions.
Modulating the Electronic Structure of FeCo Nanoparticles in N‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhu Guihua , Yang Haoyu , Jiang Ying , Sun Ziqi , Li Xiaopeng , Yang Jianping , Wang Haifeng , Zou Rujia , Jiang Wan , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalysts and revealing their underlying catalytic mechanism are crucial in expanding the applications of metal‐air batteries. Herein, an excellent FeCo alloy nanoparticles (NPs)‐decorated N‐doped mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst (FeCo/NC) for oxygen reduction reaction, prepared through the pyrolysis of a dual metal containing metal‐organic framework composite scaffold is reported. Benefiting from the highly exposed bimetal active sites and the carefully designed structure, the Fe0.25Co0.75/NC‐800 catalyst exhibits a promising electrocatalytic activity and a superior durability, better than those of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. Suggested by both the X‐ray absorption fine structures and the density functional theoretical calculation, the outstanding catalytic performance is originated from the synergistic effects of the bimetallic loading in NC catalysts, where the electronic modulation of the Co active sites from the nearby Fe species leads to an optimized binding strength for reaction intermediates. This work demonstrates a class of highly active nonprecious metals electrocatalysts and provides valuable insights into investigating the structure–performance relationship of transition metal‐based alloy catalysts.
Sustainable Natural Bio‐Origin Materials for Future Flexible Devices
Authors: Lan Lingyi , Ping Jianfeng , Xiong Jiaqing , Ying Yibin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible devices serve as important intelligent interfaces in various applications involving health monitoring, biomedical therapies, and human–machine interfacing. To address the concern of electronic waste caused by the increasing usage of electronic devices based on synthetic polymers, bio‐origin materials that possess environmental benignity as well as sustainability offer new opportunities for constructing flexible electronic devices with higher safety and environmental adaptivity. Herein, the bio‐source and unique molecular structures of various types of natural bio‐origin materials are briefly introduced. Their properties and processing technologies are systematically summarized. Then, the recent progress of these materials for constructing emerging intelligent flexible electronic devices including energy harvesters, energy storage devices, and sensors are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of these flexible electronic devices including biomedical implants, artificial e‐skin, and environmental monitoring are summarized. Finally, future challenges and prospects for developing high‐performance bio‐origin material‐based flexible devices are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic summary of the latest advances in the natural bio‐origin material‐based flexible devices, which is expected to offer inspirations for exploitation of green flexible electronics, bridging the gap in future human–machine–environment interactions.
Documentation from trained medical students has a low rate of relative downcoding for emergency medicine encounters
Authors: Tillman David S. , Jewell Corlin M. , Hekman Dann J. , Nicholson Adam M. , Schnapp Benjamin H. , Lasarev Michael R. , Alexandridis Roxana , Hess Jamie M. , Westergaard Mary C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines have allowed teaching physicians to bill for evaluation and management services based on medical student documentation. Limited previous data suggest that medical student documentation suffers from a high rate of downcoding relative to faculty documentation. We sought to compare the coding outcomes of documentation performed by medical students, and not edited by faculty, with documentation edited and submitted by faculty.MethodsA total of 104 randomly selected notes from real patient encounters written by senior medical students were compared to the revised notes submitted by faculty. The note pairs were then split and reviewed by blinded professional coders and assigned level of service (LoS) codes 1–5 (corresponding to E&M CPT codes 99281–99285).ResultsWe found that the LoS agreement between student and faculty note versions was 63%, with 23% of all student notes receiving lower LoS compared to faculty notes (downcoded). This was found to be similar to baseline variability in professional coder LoS designations.ConclusionsNotes from medical students who have completed a focused documentation curriculum have less LoS downcoding than in previous reports.
The tumor‐to‐liver ratio of the standardized uptake value is a useful FDG‐PET/CT parameter for predicting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Utsunomiya Takeshi , Ogawa Kohei , Funamizu Naotake , Sakamoto Katsunori , Watanabe Jota , Otani Hiromi , Kawaguchi Naoto , Miyagawa Masao , Iwaki Hirotaka , Takada Yasutsugu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of positron emission tomography with 18Fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG‐PET/CT) for predicting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN).MethodsThe records of 88 patients pathologically diagnosed with IPMN after surgery at Ehime University Hospital and Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital from April 2009 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ characteristics, blood chemistry, and imaging examinations were evaluated as potential predictors of malignant IPMN. Of the PET/CT results, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumor, the tumor‐to‐blood pool ratio of the SUV (TBR), and the tumor‐to‐liver ratio of the SUV (TLR) were compared.ResultsOn pathology, the diagnosis was adenoma (IPMA) in 40 patients, high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) in 26 patients, and carcinoma (IPMC) in 22 patients. HGD and IPMC were defined as malignant IPMN. On multivariate analyses, TLR ≥ 1.3 and high‐risk stigmata were independent predictors of malignant IPMN (P = .001 and P = .007, respectively). When both HRS and TLR ≥ 1.3 were present, the positive predictive value for malignancy was 88.2%. Furthermore, TLR was significantly higher for patients with IPMC than with HGD (P = .039).ConclusionTLR can be a useful predictor for differentiating benign from malignant IPMN and may be associated with postoperative outcomes.
Synthesis of Triazabenzo[a]pyrenes and Their Photophysical, Acid‐Responsive, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Masani Yasufumi , Omura Yuta , Tachi Yoshimitsu , Kozaki Masatoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of triazabenzo[a]pyrenes comprising a cata‐condensed pyridine ring and 4,10‐diazapyrene framework were synthesized from commercially available materials in the following three steps: palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H arylation, nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to cyano groups, and copper‐catalyzed oxidative C−N bond formation. The triazabenzo[a]pyrenes showed superior electron‐accepting properties and narrower HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps compared to the corresponding 4,10‐diazapyrene derivative because of the condensation of an electron‐deficient pyridine ring. The photophysical, acid‐responsive, and electrochemical properties of triazabenzo[a]pyrenes depend on the position of the nitrogen atom in the cata‐condensed pyridine ring. Density functional theory calculations revel that the condensation of a pyridine ring leads to a lowering of the LUMO energy level thereby enhancing the electron‐accepting properties.