bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in the Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in Hospitals with Limited Resources
Authors: Aguilera Lorgio Rudy , Mojica-Palacios Luz Mariana , Urquizu Federico , Gorena Mirko , Tinajeros Guzmán Freddy , Vergara Galliadi Lina María , Hidalgo Alejandra , Nieto-Calvache Albaro José 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious diseases, and the recommendation is that the treatment is conducted in centers of excellence. Such hospitals are not easy to find in low- and middle-income countries. We seek to describe the process of prenatal diagnosis, surgical management, and postnatal histological analysis in a low-income country referral hospital with limited resources.
Methods A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out including patients with a pre- or intraoperative diagnosis of PAS. The clinical results of the patients were studied as well as the results of the prenatal ultrasound and the correlation with the postnatal pathological diagnosis.
Results In total, 129 patients were included. Forty-eight of them had a prenatal PAS ultrasound diagnosis (37.2%). In the remaining 81 (62.8%), the diagnosis was intraoperative.Although hysterectomy was performed in all cases, one-third of the patients (31%) did not have a histological study of the uterus. In 40% of the patients who had a histological study, PAS was not reported by the pathologist.
Conclusion The frequency of prenatal diagnosis and the availability of postnatal histological studies were very low in the studied population. Surgical skill, favored by a high flow of patients, is an important factor to avoid complications in settings with limited resources.
duperis a null mutation of Cryptochrome 1 in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Lee Yin Yeng , Cal-Kayitmazbatir Sibel , Francey Lauren J. , Bahiru Michael Seifu , Hayer Katharina E. , Wu Gang , Zeller Molly J. , Roberts Robyn , Speers James , Koshalek Justin , Berres Mark E. , Bittman Eric L. , Hogenesch John B. 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceWe successfully identified theduperallele as a null mutation of Cryptochrome 1 in Syrian hamsters. Here, we have shown the use of fast homozygosity mapping as an effective approach to identify causal mutations in mammals, despite lacking chromosomal genome information. In the course of this work, we improved the draft Syrian hamster genome and generated datasets necessary to exploit Syrian hamsters as a modern genetic research model. The unique physiological features of Syrian hamsters make them a desirable model to investigate human diseases, including circadian disorders, cancer, heart function, metabolism, and infectious diseases (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2).
Reactions to second language speech*
Authors: Isaacs Talia , Thomson Ron I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigates how Mandarin and Slavic language speakers’ comprehensibility, accentedness, and fluency ratings, as assigned by experienced teacher-raters and novice raters, align with discrete linguistic measures, and raters’ accounts of influences on their scoring. In addition to examining mean ratings in relation to rater experience and speaker first language background, we correlated ratings with segmental, prosodic, and temporal measures. Introspective reports were segmented, coded, enumerated, and submitted to loglinear analysis to elucidate influences on ratings. Results showed that ratings were strongly correlated with prosodic goodness and moderately correlated with segmental errors, implying the importance of both segmentals and prosody in L2 speech ratings. Experienced teacherraters provided lengthier reports than novice raters, producing more comments for all coded categories where an error was identified except for pausing (a disfluency marker). This may be because novice raters observed little else about the speech or struggled to pinpoint or articulate other features.
Camera calibration algorithm development for a two-view collimated shadowgraph system
Authors: Zhu H J , Zhao C Y , Wang Q 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shadowgraph imaging is a promising technique for volumetric velocity measurements, which features a high framing rate, long depth focus, and a cheap light source. The main objective of the current study is to develop a camera calibration algorithm for collimated shadowgraph systems, which is an essential procedure for 3D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) strategies. First, the optical model of a two-view collimated shadowgraph system is established, which can be described by the orthographic projection model. The image distortion effect is also taken into consideration. Then, the calibration algorithm is developed using a flexible planar-target-based method. Aiming towards 3D PTV applications, the extrinsic parameters, including rotation and translation relationships between the two camera imaging coordinates, have been derived. The ambiguity around the sign confirmation of the extrinsic parameters has been solved by introducing extra information from the relative positions of the two views. Moreover, extrinsic parameters self-calibration (EPSC) has been implemented to deal with unavoidable camera drifts during the experiments. The results indicate that the EPSC is effective in removing the global system error in the current two-view system. The proposed calibration algorithm has been verified using synthetic images, which has shown a mean reprojection error of less than 0.1 pixels. In a water jet experiment, the mean reprojection error is around 0.3 pixels (about 0.019 mm in reality) after the board calibration. The relative error evaluated from the reconstruction points is less than 1%. The results indicate that the proposed calibration procedure is effective and feasible for collimated shadowgraph imaging systems. The 3D-particle positions of a sample frame have been reconstructed successfully. It is believed that the high quality shadowgraph images can offer high precision measurements for further implementations of 3D PTV algorithms.
Supraventricular ectopic beats and ventricular ectopic beats detection based on improved U-net
Authors: Qiu Lishen , Cai Wenqiang , Zhang Miao , Dong Yanfang , Zhu Wenliang , Wang Lirong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEB) or ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) are common arrhythmia with uncertain occurrence and morphological diversity, so realizing their automatic localization is of great significance in clinical diagnosis. Methods. We propose a modified U-net network: U
SV
-net, it can simultaneously realize the automatic positioning of VEB and SVEB. The improvement consists of three parts: firstly, we reconstruct part of the convolutional layer in U-net using group convolution to reduce the expression of redundant features. Secondly, a plug-and-play multi-scale 2D deformable convolution module is designed to extract cross-channel features of different scales. Thirdly, in addition to conventional output of U-net, we also compress and output the bottom feature map of U-net, the dual-output is trained through Dice-loss to take into account the learning of high/low resolution features of the model. We used the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database for patient-specific training, and used Sensitivity, Positive prediction rate and F1-scores to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. Main Result. The F1-scores of SVEB and VEB achieve the best results compared with other studies in different testing records. It is worth noting that the F1-scores of SVEB and VEB reached 81.3 and 95.4 in the 24 testing records. Moreover, our method is also at the forefront in Sensitivity and Positive prediction rate. Significance. The method proposed in this paper has great potential in the detection of SVEB and VEB. We anticipate efficiency and accuracy of clinical detection of ectopic beats would be improved.
Full fluid moment modeling of rotating spokes in Penning-type configuration
Authors: Mansour A R , Hara K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rotating spokes are observed in a partially magnetized plasma using a two-dimensional full fluid moment (FFM) model. In the present setup, where the radial electric field and plasma density gradient exist in opposite directions, it is observed that the spokes propagate in the direction of the diamagnetic drift and not the E × B drift. This is contrary to the modified Simon–Hoh instability, and the results suggest that the spokes can be driven by a strong diamagnetic drift. Different parameters, including magnetic field amplitude and physical domain size, influence the growth of the rotational instability as well as the dominant wave modes that arise. The propagation speed of the rotating spokes obtained from the FFM simulation are in good agreement with the observations in experimental and other computational work.
The fully-kinetic investigations on the ion acceleration mechanisms in an electron-driven magnetic nozzle
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Yibai , Ren Junxue , Tang Haibin , Wu Peng , Li Min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A fully kinetic particle-in-cell study is conducted to investigate the ion acceleration mechanisms in an electron-driven magnetic nozzle. All five powers contributing to the axial kinetic energy of ions are derived and evaluated under different magnetic field strength and inlet density profiles. Among them, the electrothermal and electromagnetic acceleration contributes over 98% of the total accelerating power. The dominating acceleration mechanism is found to be the electrothermal acceleration, covering two thirds of the axial accelerating power in the electron-driven magnetic nozzle. The electromagnetic mechanism is found to originate from four sources, among which the major accelerating and decelerating one are the diamagnetic acceleration driven by radial gradient of electron pressure and the E × B mechanism due to the inward ion detachment. The power induced by the viscous-stress of electrons contributes 14%–23% of the decelerating power, indicating the non-negligible influence of finite electron Larmor radius effect on the ion acceleration. Results indicates that the net effect of electromagnetic mechanism can even be decelerating when the magnetic field is too high with a uniform inlet. Finally, the conversion efficiency from the inlet thermal energy to the ion axial kinetic energy is derived and evaluated, which can reach as high as 65.0% under 0.25 T with a Gaussian-profile inlet. Raising the magnetic field to 0.75 T or a uniform inlet will decrease the conversion efficiency.
Logic and memory characteristics of an inverter comprising a feedback FET and a MOSFET
Authors: Lim Eunhyeok , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we design an inverter comprising a p-channel feedback field-effect transistor (p-FBFET) and an n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and examine its logic and memory characteristics. For the transition of inverter from the logic ‘0’ (‘1’) state to ‘1’ (‘0’) state, the gain is 2001.6 V/V (1992.4 V/V). The steep switching characteristics and high on/off current ratio of the p-FBFET contribute to the high inverter gains. For an inverter with zero static power consumption, the logic states remain for more than 500 s. The long retention time allows the inverter proposed in this study to be applicable to logic-in-memory.
Systematic study of niobium thermal treatments for superconducting radio frequency cavities employing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Prudnikava A , Tamashevich Y , Babenkov S , Makarova A , Smirnov D , Aristov V , Molodtsova O , Kugeler O , Viefhaus J , Foster B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The structural and chemical composition of the surface layer (100–140 nm) of niobium radiofrequency cavities operating at cryogenic temperature has enormous impact on their superconducting characteristics. During the last years, cavities treated with a new thermal processing recipe, so-called nitrogen infusion, have demonstrated an increased efficiency and high accelerating gradients. The role and importance of nitrogen gas has been a topic of many debates. In the present work we employ variable-energy synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), to study the niobium surface subjected to the following treatments: vacuum annealing at 800 °C, nitrogen infusion, and vacuum heat treatment as for the infusion process but without nitrogen supply. Careful analysis of XPS energy-distribution curves revealed a slightly increased thickness of the native oxide Nb2O5 for the infused samples (∼3.8 nm) as compared to the annealed one (∼3.5 nm) which indicates insignificant oxygen incorporation into niobium during 120 °C baking and no effect of nitrogen on the formation of oxides or other niobium phases. By conducting an additional in-situ annealing experiment and analyzing the niobium after the failed infusion process, we conclude that the vacuum furnace hygiene particularly during the high-temperature stage is the prerequisite for success of any treatment recipe.
Dual-mode room temperature self-calibrating photodiodes approaching cryogenic radiometer uncertainty
Authors: Ulset Marit S , Bardalen Eivind , Pepe Carlo , Filippo Roberto , Rajteri Mauro , Sildoja Meelis-Mait , Kübarsepp Toomas , Gieseler Julian , Gran Jarle 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The room temperature dual-mode self-calibrating detector combines low-loss photodiodes with electrical substitution radiometry for determination of optical power. By using thermal detection as a built-in reference in the detector, the internal losses of the photodiode can be determined directly, without the need of an external reference. Computer simulations were used to develop a thermal design that minimises the electro-optical non-equivalence in electrical substitution. Based on this thermal design, we produced detector modules that we mounted in a trap structure for minimised reflection loss. The thermal simulations predicted a change in response of around 280 parts per million per millimeter when changing the position of the beam along the centre line of the photodiode, and we were able to reproduce this change experimentally. We report on dual-mode internal loss estimation measurements with radiation of 488 nm at power levels of 500 μW, 875 μW and 1250 μW, using two different methods of electrical substitution. In addition, we present three different calculation algorithms for determining the optical power in thermal mode, all three showing consistent results. We present room temperature optical power measurements at an uncertainty level approaching that of the cryogenic radiometer with 400 ppm (k = 2), where the type A standard uncertainty in the thermal measurement only contributed with 26 ppm at 1250 μW in a 6 hour long measurement sequence.
Impacts of El Niño on the South China Sea surface salinity as seen from satellites
Authors: Qi Jifeng , Du Yan , Chi Jianwei , Yi Daling Li , Li Delei , Yin Baoshu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impacts of El Niño on sea surface salinity (SSS) in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated using satellite observations, in-situ data, and reanalysis products. Here, we show that positive SSS anomalies cover most of the SCS during the mature phase of El Niño. The physical processes controlling these positive SSS anomalies are different from region to region, and the differences are especially obvious between the northern and southern SCS. In the northern SCS, the positive SSS anomalies are primarily caused by horizontal advection in response to an enhanced Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait, while changes in surface freshwater fluxes act to reduce SSS. In the southern SCS, the positive SSS anomalies are largely due to reduced surface freshwater fluxes, with ocean dynamics playing a secondary role. An anomalous anticyclone associated with El Niño is mainly responsible for the reduction of surface freshwater fluxes in the southern SCS.
Many body density of states in the edge of the spectrum: non-interacting limit
Authors: Shukla Pragya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In noninteracting limit, the density of states (dos) of a many body system can be expressed as a convolution of the single body dos of its subunits. We use the formulation to derive, in the edge of the spectrum, a differential equation for the ensemble averaged many body dos that is relatively easier to solve. Our analysis, based on the systems in which the subunits can be modelled by a Gaussian or Wishart random matrix ensemble, indicates that a rescaling of energy by the number of subunits leaves the many body dos in a mathematically invariant form.
Effect of post-treatment drying processes on the optical and photothermal properties of carbon nanodots derived via microwave-assisted method
Authors: Indriyati  , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Nasir Muhamad , Iskandar Ferry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are considered as potential materials for photothermal applications and can be used as solar absorbers to enhance the absorption and conversion efficiency of solar energy to heat. To meet the criteria as solar absorbers, CNDs were synthesized via microwave heating and dried by two different drying processes, namely freeze drying and oven drying, obtaining CNDs powder with the labeled of CND-FD and CND-OD, respectively. The effect of these two drying methods on the optical and photothermal properties of CNDs was investigated. It was observed that soft and light powders were obtained from freeze drying, while oven drying resulted in shiny and agglomerate particles. Oven drying did not alter the absorption profile of CNDs, but freeze-drying resulted in broader and slightly red-shift absorption compared with that of CNDs colloid before drying. Photoluminescence intensity of CND-FD was only half of that of CND-OD. FTIR analysis revealed that CND-FD contained fewer hydroxyl and hydrophilic amine groups, leading to less hygroscopic nature of CND-FD than CND-OD. Because of its better absorption capability, the presence of CND-FD in water significantly increased the water evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency up to 2.2 kg/m2.h and 84%, respectively, three times higher than that of water without CNDs. With a similar photothermal testing condition, CND-OD resulted in a evaporation rate of only 0.9 kg/m2.h and evaporation efficiency of 36%. It can be noticed that freeze drying is more suitable to dry CNDs powder over oven drying to obtain excellent optical and photothermal properties of CNDs.
Preliminary study on seaweed fermentation for lactic acid production
Authors: Hidawati  , Nissa Rossy Choerun , Dawam Akbar Hanif , Marganingrum Dyah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Indonesia is a maritime country that is rich in seaweed. However, seaweed fermentation into lactic acid is not yet usually. Seaweed fermentation has outstanding potential because it has the most abundant polysaccharides compared to other sources. This research aims to synthesize lactic acid by fermentation using a single culture of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and two substrates, namely seaweed flour and refined salt Kappa-Carrageenan (RKC). Lactic acid was analyzed by fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and its concentration was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proximate analysis showed that crude Fiber and starch levels in seaweed are 25.37% and 14.66% (w/w) and also in RKC are 16.45% and 1.07% (w/w), respectively. The highest reducing sugar was attained at H2SO4 2% (w/w), which were 51,184 mg/L in RKC and 24,824 mg/L in seaweed flour. Based on FT-IR data, lactic acid characteristic signals were found at broadband approximately 3000 - 3500 cm−1, which indicated the presence of OH band, a band at 1656 cm−1 revealed C=O stretching of carbonyl groups, and a band at 1118 cm−1 for C-O stretching of alcohol. Based on GC-MS data, the highest lactic acid production was 42,267 mg/L in RKC and 37,130 mg/L in seaweed flour. In this study, we can conclude that the efficiency of hydrolysis and fermentation of RKC was better than seaweed flour. However, the substrate concentration for optimum lactic acid production was unknown, so a more in-depth study was needed.
A parallelized, perfused 3D triculture model of leukemia for in vitro drug testing of chemotherapeutics
Authors: Zippel Sabrina , Dilger Nadine , Chatterjee Chandralekha , Raic Annamarija , Brenner-Weiß Gerald , Schadzek Patrik , Rapp Bastian E , Lee-Thedieck Cornelia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Leukemia patients undergo chemotherapy to combat the leukemic cells (LCs) in the bone marrow. During therapy not only the LCs, but also the blood-producing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may be destroyed. Chemotherapeutics targeting only the LCs are urgently needed to overcome this problem and minimize life-threatening side-effects. Predictive in vitro drug testing systems allowing simultaneous comparison of various experimental settings would enhance the efficiency of drug development. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) human leukemic bone marrow model perfused using a magnetic, parallelized culture system to ensure media exchange. Chemotherapeutic treatment of the acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a in 3D magnetic hydrogels seeded with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) revealed a greater resistance of KG-1a compared to 2D culture. In 3D tricultures with HSPCs, MSCs and KG-1a, imitating leukemic bone marrow, HSPC proliferation decreased while KG-1a cells remained unaffected post treatment. Non-invasive metabolic profiling enabled continuous monitoring of the system. Our results highlight the importance of using biomimetic 3D platforms with proper media exchange and co-cultures for creating in vivo-like conditions to enable in vitro drug testing. This system is a step towards drug testing in biomimetic, parallelized in vitro approaches, facilitating the discovery of new anti-leukemic drugs.
Noise-like pulses from all-normal dispersion ytterbium doped all-fiber oscillator with semiconductor saturable absorber
Authors: Paul Nitish , Singh C P , Bhuvnesh  , Gupta P K , Mukhopadhyay P K , Bindra K S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report generation of stable train of noise like pulses (NLPs) from all-normal dispersion ytterbium doped all-fiber unidirectional ring cavity consisting of semiconductor saturable absorber (SeSA) without any bandpass filter (BPF). NLPs are characterized by their autocorrelation traces which exhibit ∼500 fs spike riding on a broad pedestal of ∼200 ps. NLP operation is also supported by its relatively broad optical spectrum along with reasonably stable longer pulse profile on oscilloscope. Numerical simulations have also been performed in detail to study the effects of cavity parameters like the cavity length, BPF bandwidth and depth of modulation (q
0) of SeSA on the evolved pulses from the cavity. The simulation results suggest that stable single clean pulse (SSCP) is generated for a certain range of cavity parameters and in the absence of BPF no SSCP is possible from the cavity if the value of q
0 is below a certain value. Under this condition either NLP or no pulse is generated in the simulation. Numerically simulated NLP in a ring cavity matches qualitatively with the experimentally obtained results for NLP. The study carried out on NLP will enrich database of pulse dynamics in modelocked oscillators and has potential application in optical coherence tomography and supercontinuum generation.