bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirming the broadscale eradication success of nutria (Myocastor coypus) from the Delmarva Peninsula, USA
Authors: Anderson Dean P. , Pepper Margaret A. , Travers Shelby , Michaels Trevor A. , Sullivan Kevin , Ramsey David S. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNutria (Myocastor coypus) were introduced to the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, USA in the 1940s. They reached peak densities in the late 1990s, causing massive wetland loss. Beginning in 2002, a systematic plan to eradicate nutria from the 1.7M ha Delmarva Peninsula was implemented. Since that time the nutria population has been effectively reduced, and no nutria have been detected since May 2015. A lack of detection does not equate with complete absence. We address the following three questions. (1) What is the expected probability of nutria eradication from the Delmarva Peninsula as of the end of 2020? (2) If the probability of eradication is below the management target of 0.95, how much more surveillance is required? (3) How sensitive is the estimated probability of eradication to varying levels of public surveillance and modelled population growth rates? These questions were addressed by employing a stochastic spatially-explicit surveillance model that uses data in which no nutria were detected to quantify the probability of complete absence (PoA) over the entire Delmarva Peninsula. We applied an analytical framework that decomposes the spatial risk of survivors and data into management zones, and took advantage of low-cost public reporting of nutria sightings. Active surveillance by the eradication program included detector dog and tracker surveys, shoreline surveys, detection with ground and water platforms (with hair snares), and camera traps. Results showed that the PoA increased with time and surveillance from a beginning PoA in May 2015 of 0.01 to a mean of 0.75 at the end of 2020. This indicates that the PoA on the Delmarva was well below the target threshold of 0.95 for declaring eradication success. However, given continued surveillance without detection, a PoA of 0.95 would be achieved by June 2022. This analysis provides an objective mechanism to align the expectations of policy makers, managers and the public on when eradication of nutria from the entire Delmarva Peninsula should be declared successful.
Finite-time tracking control for nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot using adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode
Authors: Xie Hao , Zheng Jinchuan , Sun Zhe , Wang Hai , Chai Rifai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSystem uncertainties and external disturbances are the major causes of the trajectory tracking performance degradation in nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (NWMRs). In this article, an adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode dynamic control (AFNTSMDC) method is proposed to provide enhanced robust and finite-time tracking performance for the NWMR. The proposed AFNTSMDC is a systematic design method based upon both the kinematic and dynamic model of the NWMR. The proposed controller has a simple form without singularity issue in the control input, which makes it practically implementable. The finite-time stability of the proposed tracking-error function is also proved using the Lyapunov function. Finally, circular trajectory tracking experiments are conducted to validate the robustness and convergence rate of the proposed AFNTSMDC scheme in comparison with the existing methods including classic kinematic control, robust sliding mode kinematic control, and conventional sliding mode dynamic control in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances.
Perceived influence of COVID-19 pandemic on university students' learning and mental health in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Geberew Tulu , Beyera Getahun Kebede , Tulu Abraham , Roba Tigist Tolosa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract This study reports perceived influence of COVID-19 on students' learning and mental well-being. The data of 367 students were analysed using R. The linear regression model was fitted. A regression coefficient with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to identify factors associated with the perceived influence of COVID-19 on students' education and mental health. The mean ± standard deviation scores of perceived influence of COVID-19 on students' learning and communication for learning were 31.7 ± 6.7 and 21.6 ± 3.6, respectively. A similar number of students, 109 (29.7%) reported having depression and anxiety. Being a female student had a negative association with the effects of COVID-19 on learning, while being a rural resident had a strong positive association with both the effects of COVID-19 on learning and communication for learning. Similarly, being a social science student and in 2nd year of study were positively associated with higher history of depression and anxiety. Residing in zonal towns, district towns, and rural settings were found to have a lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 placed a serious effect on students' education and mental well-being. Thus, the Ethiopian health and higher education sectors need to provide students with basic educational resources and counselling services.
A new fast technique for pattern matching in biological sequences
Authors: Ibrahim Osman Ali Sadek , Hamed Belal A. , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt numerous phases of the computational process, pattern matching is essential. It enables users to search for specific DNA subsequences or DNA sequences in a database. In addition, some of these rapidly expanding biological databases are updated on a regular basis. Pattern searches can be improved by using high-speed pattern matching algorithms. Researchers are striving to improve solutions in numerous areas of computational bioinformatics as biological data grows exponentially. Faster algorithms with a low error rate are needed in real-world applications. As a result, this study offers two pattern matching algorithms that were created to help speed up DNA sequence pattern searches. The strategies recommended improve performance by utilizing word-level processing rather than character-level processing, which has been used in previous research studies. In terms of time cost, the proposed algorithms (EFLPM and EPAPM) increased performance by leveraging word-level processing with large pattern size. The experimental results show that the proposed methods are faster than other algorithms for short and long patterns. As a result, the EFLPM algorithm is 54% faster than the FLPM method, while the EPAPM algorithm is 39% faster than the PAPM method.
Application of set-pair analysis and extension coupling model in health evaluation of the huangchuan river, China
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFirstly, based on the river health evaluation theory and starting from the integrity of the river system, the river health evaluation index system is selected. Secondly, the index systems of river health assessment including river morphology, hydrological and environmental characteristics, habitat elements and human activity characteristics are determined. Thirdly, set-pair (SPA) evaluation theory and extension were dealt with, a set-pair analysis-extension coupling model is constructed. Finally, taking Huangchuan Rive as an example, the ecological health evaluation on the river channel is carried out by using set-pair analysis-extension coupling model. The results of the comprehensive evaluation using the set-pair analysis-extension coupling method is obtained through calculation. It is proved by practice that the method of river health evaluation using the coupling model of set-pair analysis and extension theory could make full use of the data transformation and extension calculation, which shows the superiority in calculating correlation degree, and could reflect the determination and uncertainty of practical problems. It is possible to comprehensively consider all relevant factors. The paper provides a new idea for solving the relevant problems and obtains more accurate conclusion.
Multilingual hope speech detection in English and Dravidian languages
Authors: Chakravarthi Bharathi Raja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent work on language technology has aimed to identify negative language such as hate speech and cyberbullying as well as improve offensive language detection to mediate social media platforms. Most of these systems rely on using machine learning models along with the labelled dataset. Such models have succeeded in identifying negativity and removing it from the platform deleting it. However, recently, more research has been conducted on the improvement of freedom of speech on social media. Instead of deleting supposedly offensive speech, we developed a multilingual dataset to identify hope speech in the comments and promote positivity. This paper presents a multilingual hope speech dataset that promotes equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in English, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada. It was collected to promote positivity and ensure EDI in language technology. Our dataset is unique, as it contains data collected from the LGBTQIA+ community, persons with disabilities and women in science, engineering, technology and management (STEM). We also report our benchmark system results in various machine learning models. We experimented on the Hope Speech dataset for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (HopeEDI) using different state-of-the-art machine learning models and deep learning models to create benchmark systems.
Functional Connectivity in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder - Systematic Review of Literature and Study on Heterosexual Males
Authors: Draps Małgorzata , Adamus Sylwia , Wierzba Małgorzata , Gola Mateusz 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) was recently included in ICD-11 as a new impulse control disorder. While this certainly improved the diagnosis of CSBD, the underlying brain mechanisms of the disorder are still poorly understood. Better description of brain functional deficits is required.

Aim
Here we investigate patterns of resting-state brain functional connectivity (fc) in a group of CSBD patients compared to a group of healthy controls (HC).

Methods
A MATLAB toolbox named CONN functional connectivity toolbox was employed to study patterns of brain connectivity. Also correlation between fc and severity of CSBD symptoms and other psychological characteristics, assessed with questionnaires, were examined.

Outcomes
We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 81 heterosexual males: 52 CSBD patients and 29 HC.

Results
We found increased fc between left inferior frontal gyrus and right planum temporale and polare, right and left insula, right Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA), right parietal operculum, and also between left supramarginal gyrus and right planum polare, and between left orbitofrontal cortex and left insula when compared CSBD and HC. The decreased fc was observed between left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral insula and right parietal operculum. No significant correlations between psychological questionnaires assessing CSBD symptoms and resting-state functional connectivity were observed.

Clinical Implications
Results from our study extend the knowledge of brain mechanisms differentiating CSBD from HC.

Strengths & Limitations
The study was the first large sample study showing 5 distinct functional brain networks differentiating CSBD patients and HC. However, the sample was limited only to heterosexual men, in the future a greater diversity in studied sample and longitudinal studies are needed. Also, the present study examined functional connectivity at the level of regions of interest (ROIs). Future studies could verify these results by examining functional connectivity at the voxel level.

Conclusion
The identified functional brain networks differentiate CSBD from HC and provide some support for incentive sensitization as mechanism underlying CSBD symptoms. The correlation between psychological assessment (ie, severity of CSBD, depression and anxiety symptoms, level of impulsivity and compulsivity) and resting-state functional connectivity need further examination.
Seasonal Water Mass Evolution and Non‐Redfield Dynamics Enhance CO2 Uptake in the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Ouyang Zhangxian , Collins Andrew , Li Yun , Qi Di , Arrigo Kevin R. , Zhuang Yanpei , Nishino Shigeto , Humphreys Matthew P. , Kosugi Naohiro , Murata Akihiko , Kirchman David L. , Chen Liqi , Chen Jianfang , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Chukchi Sea is an increasing CO2 sink driven by rapid climate changes. Understanding the seasonal variation of air‐sea CO2 exchange and the underlying mechanisms of biogeochemical dynamics is important for predicting impacts of climate change on and feedbacks by the ocean. Here, we present a unique data set of underway sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and discrete samples of biogeochemical properties collected in five consecutive cruises in 2014 and examine the seasonal variations in air‐sea CO2 flux and net community production (NCP). We found that thermal and non‐thermal effects have different impacts on sea surface pCO2 and thus the air‐sea CO2 flux in different water masses. The Bering summer water combined with meltwater has a significantly greater atmospheric CO2 uptake potential than that of the Alaskan Coastal Water in the southern Chukchi Sea in summer, due to stronger biological CO2 removal and a weaker thermal effect. By analyzing the seasonal drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients, we found that DIC‐based NCP was higher than nitrate‐based NCP by 66%–84% and attributable to partially decoupled C and N uptake because of a variable phytoplankton stoichiometry. A box model with a non‐Redfield C:N uptake ratio can adequately reproduce observed pCO2 and DIC, which reveals that, during the intensive growing season (late spring to early summer), 30%–46% CO2 uptake in the Chukchi Sea was supported by a flexible stoichiometry of phytoplankton. These findings have important ramification for forecasting the responses of CO2 uptake of the Chukchi ecosystem to climate change.
Influence of Track Change on the Inconsistent Poleward Migration of Typhoon Activity
Authors: Guo Yi‐Peng , Tan Zhe‐Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) positions have been reported to migrate poleward globally during the last several decades. However, during the TC peak season, the trend of TC LMI position over the western North Pacific (WNP) is not as robust as that of genesis position. In this study, we found that the TC track change plays important roles in decreasing the genesis‐to‐LMI latitude distance (G2LD), which therefore leads to the inconsistent long‐term trends of genesis and LMI positions. A statistical approach was applied to quantitatively estimate the contributions by TC track change to the G2LD trend. The results show that the increase of near‐land formed short‐track TCs and the decrease of northwestward moving and eastward posited recurving TCs combined to make the largest contribution to the decreasing trend of the G2LD and thus to the insignificant long‐term trend of LMI position during peak season. Such TC track changes are closely related to the La Niña‐like warming pattern over the Pacific. The northeastward retreatment of the western Pacific subtropical high also plays an important role in reducing the northwestward moving TCs and increasing the recurving TCs over the northwestern WNP. Applying the same statistical approach to TC genesis positions indicates that the decrease of low‐latitude formed TCs makes the largest contribution to the poleward migration of genesis position, and the increase of high‐latitude formed TCs takes the second place. These low‐latitude formed TCs are mainly featured by northwestward moving and recurving tracks.
Genome-wide signatures of synergistic epistasis during parallel adaptation in a Baltic Sea copepod
Authors: Stern David B. , Anderson Nathan W. , Diaz Juanita A. , Lee Carol Eunmi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of epistasis in driving adaptation has remained an unresolved problem dating back to the Evolutionary Synthesis. In particular, whether epistatic interactions among genes could promote parallel evolution remains unexplored. To address this problem, we employ an Evolve and Resequence (E&R) experiment, using the copepod Eurytemora affinis, to elucidate the evolutionary genomic response to rapid salinity decline. Rapid declines in coastal salinity at high latitudes are a predicted consequence of global climate change. Based on time-resolved pooled whole-genome sequencing, we uncover a remarkably parallel, polygenic response across ten replicate selection lines, with 79.4% of selected alleles shared between lines by the tenth generation of natural selection. Using extensive computer simulations of our experiment conditions, we find that this polygenic parallelism is consistent with positive synergistic epistasis among alleles, far more so than other mechanisms tested. Our study provides experimental and theoretical support for a novel mechanism promoting repeatable polygenic adaptation, a phenomenon that may be common for selection on complex physiological traits.
Exploration of glassy state in Prussian blue analogues
Authors: Ma Nattapol , Ohtani Ryo , Le Hung M. , Sørensen Søren S. , Ishikawa Ryuta , Kawata Satoshi , Bureekaew Sareeya , Kosasang Soracha , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Ohara Koji , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Horike Satoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) are archetypes of microporous coordination polymers/metal–organic frameworks whose versatile composition allows for diverse functionalities. However, developments in PBAs have centred solely on their crystalline state, and the glassy state of PBAs has not been explored. Here we describe the preparation of the glassy state of PBAs via a mechanically induced crystal-to-glass transformation and explore their properties. The preservation of short-range metal–ligand–metal connectivity is confirmed, enabling the framework-based functionality and semiconductivity in the glass. The transformation also generates unconventional CN−vacancies, followed by the reduction of metal sites. This leads to significant porosity enhancement in recrystallised PBA, enabled by further accessibility of isolated micropores. Finally, mechanical stability under stress for successful vitrification is correlated to defect contents and interstitial water. Our results demonstrate how mechanochemistry provides opportunities to explore glassy states of molecular framework materials in which the stable liquid state is absent.
Trypsin is a coordinate regulator of N and P nutrients in marine phytoplankton
Authors: You Yanchun , Sun Xueqiong , Ma Minglei , He Jiamin , Li Ling , Porto Felipe Wendt , Lin Senjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrypsin is best known as a digestive enzyme in animals, but remains unexplored in phytoplankton, the major primary producers in the ocean. Here we report the prevalence of trypsin genes in global ocean phytoplankton and significant influences of environmental nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on their expression. UsingCRISPR/Cas9mediated-knockout and overexpression analyses, we further reveal that a trypsin inPhaeodactylum tricornutum(PtTryp2) functions to repress N acquisition, but its expression decreases under N-deficiency to promote N acquisition. On the contrary,PtTryp2promotes phosphate uptake per se, and its expression increases under P-deficiency to further reinforce P acquisition. Furthermore,PtTryp2knockout led to amplitude magnification of the nitrate and phosphate uptake ‘seesaw’, whereasPtTryp2overexpression dampened it, linkingPtTryp2to stabilizing N:P stoichiometry. Our data demonstrate thatPtTryp2is a coordinate regulator of N:P stoichiometric homeostasis. The study opens a window for deciphering how phytoplankton adapt to nutrient-variable marine environments.
Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals selection signatures for important economic traits in Xiang pigs
Authors: Wang Xiying , Ran Xueqin , Niu Xi , Huang Shihui , Li Sheng , Wang Jiafu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractXiang pig (XP) is one of the best-known indigenous pig breeds in China, which is characterized by its small body size, strong disease resistance, high adaptability, favorite meat quality, small litter sizes, and early sexual maturity. However, the genomic evidence that links these unique traits of XP is still poorly understood. To identify the genomic signatures of selection in XP, we performed whole-genome resequencing on 25 unrelated individual XPs. We obtained 876.70 Gb of raw data from the genomic libraries. The LD analysis showed that the lowest level of linkage disequilibrium was observed in Xiang pig. Comparative genomic analysis between XPs and other breeds including Tibetan, Meishan, Duroc and Landrace revealed 3062, 1228, 907 and 1519 selected regions, respectively. The genes identified in selected regions of XPs were associated with growth and development processes (IGF1R, PROP1, TBX19, STAC3, RLF, SELENOM, MSTN), immunity and disease resistance (ZCCHC2, SERPINB2, ADGRE5, CYP7B1, STAT6, IL2, CD80, RHBDD3, PIK3IP1), environmental adaptation (NR2E1, SERPINB8, SERPINB10, SLC26A7, MYO1A, SDR9C7, UVSSA, EXPH5, VEGFC, PDE1A), reproduction (CCNB2, TRPM6, EYA3, CYP7B1, LIMK2, RSPO1, ADAM32, SPAG16), meat quality traits (DECR1, EWSR1), and early sexual maturity (TAC3). Through the absolute allele frequency difference (ΔAF) analysis, we explored two population-specific missense mutations occurred in NR6A1 and LTBP2 genes, which well explained that the vertebrae numbers of Xiang pigs were less than that of the European pig breeds. Our results indicated that Xiang pigs were less affected by artificial selection than the European and Meishan pig breeds. The selected candidate genes were mainly involved in growth and development, disease resistance, reproduction, meat quality, and early sexual maturity. This study provided a list of functional candidate genes, as well as a number of genetic variants, which would provide insight into the molecular basis for the unique traits of Xiang pig.
An ALE meta-analytic review of musical expertise
Authors: Criscuolo Antonio , Pando-Naude Victor , Bonetti Leonardo , Vuust Peter , Brattico Elvira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThrough long-term training, music experts acquire complex and specialized sensorimotor skills, which are paralleled by continuous neuro-anatomical and -functional adaptations. The underlying neuroplasticity mechanisms have been extensively explored in decades of research in music, cognitive, and translational neuroscience. However, the absence of a comprehensive review and quantitative meta-analysis prevents the plethora of variegated findings to ultimately converge into a unified picture of the neuroanatomy of musical expertise. Here, we performed a comprehensive neuroimaging meta-analysis of publications investigating neuro-anatomical and -functional differences between musicians (M) and non-musicians (NM). Eighty-four studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. From these, 58 publications were included in coordinate-based meta-analyses using the anatomic/activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method. This comprehensive approach delivers a coherent cortico-subcortical network encompassing sensorimotor and limbic regions bilaterally. Particularly, M exhibited higher volume/activity in auditory, sensorimotor, interoceptive, and limbic brain areas and lower volume/activity in parietal areas as opposed to NM. Notably, we reveal topographical (dis-)similarities between the identified functional and anatomical networks and characterize their link to various cognitive functions by means of meta-analytic connectivity modelling. Overall, we effectively synthesized decades of research in the field and provide a consistent and controversies-free picture of the neuroanatomy of musical expertise.