bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybean in North Louisiana Under Rainy Conditions, 1990
Authors: Mink Jeffrey S. , Wier Alan T. , Boethel David J. , Roger Leonard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against the soybean looper at Macon Ridge Branch, Northeast Research Station, Winnsboro, La. Treatments were applied on 11 Sep to R5 soybeans using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre at 38 psi through X12 hollow cone nozzles. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (40 inch spacing) × 50 ft. Plots were sampled at 2 and 6 DAT by taking two, 25 sweep samples using a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Approximately 1.5 h after treatment, a hard rainfall of 0.78 inch occurred at the test site followed by 0.84 inch the next day.
Control of Soybean Insect Pests in Louisiana—Macon Ridge I, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, La., to evaluate insecticide efficacy against foliage feeding Lepidotera. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 40-inch centers × 50-ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Test materials were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre at 38 psi through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row). Insecticides were applied on 8 Sep and plots were sampled at 2 and 7 DAT using one 50-sweep sample with a standard 15-in diameter sweep net. The test plots received 0.4-inches rainfall on 8 Sep, 0.7-inches rainfall on 10 Sep, and 0.8-inches rainfall on 11 Sep.
Tobacco Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate 11 chemical treatments for the control of the tobacco aphid on tobacco grown in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil at the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va. Tobacco was transplanted in experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications on 9 May. Five plants infested with aphids in each plot were selected and marked with spray paint. Aphid populations on the upper 4 leaves of each marked plant were counted 1 d before application and at 4, 7 and 14 DAT. Treatments were applied on 19 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 25 gal/acre through 3 TX-10 hollow-cone nozzles/row at 60 psi. Aphid counts were transformed to Log10(X + 1) before analysis of variance. Actual means are presented in the table.
Army Cutworm Control in Spring Wheat, 1990
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Rensner P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field of spring wheat in Murdo, S. Dak., was naturally infested with an average of 1.16 army cutworms/ft2. The field was divided into plots (40 ft2) and treated with Lorsban, Asana and untreated checks with 3 replications. Applications (13 Apr) were made using a 6 nozzle (flat-fan 8002E), 6 ft boom with a CO2 (29 psi, 20 gpa) spray canister system. Counts were made 5 and 12 DAT to determine efficacy. Twelve samples (2 ft2 each) were made randomly in the central portion of each plot.
Russian Wheat Aphid Control in Winter Wheat, 1990
Authors: Johnson Gregory , Kammerzell Kurt 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide applications applied in combination and singly were evaluated for performance against RWA in a winter wheat field seeded Sep 89 in Carbon County, Mont. Insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a 10 ft hand held spray boom and Teejet 8001LP flat-fan nozzles. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10.5 gal/acre at 20 psi. Chemical applications were applied on 3 May at first joint growth stage. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates, each measuring 20 × 30 ft. Insecticide efficacy was assessed by clipping 10 tillers from each treated and untreated replicate and counting the number of RWA on each tiller. Plots were machine harvested using a Hege 125C plot combine with a 4-ft header. One section, measuring 20 × 4 ft, was harvested from each replicate. Grain samples were cleaned and yield calculated.
Evaluation of Aerial Applications of Insecticides in Wheat for Chinch Bug Control in Adjacent Sorghum, 1990
Authors: Spike B. , Wright R. , Danielson S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Parathion and Sevin XLR Plus [both with molasses (1 qt/25 gal liquid) as an additive] were applied by air (1 gal/acre) on 17 May to one-third of each of 3 commercial wheat fields (replicates) located in Gage County, Nebr. The remaining third of each field was left untreated as a check comparison. Wheat fields were chosen based on high CB counts and proximity to a sorghum field. After CB adults and nymphs moved into the adjacent sorghum field (16 Jul), the distance into sorghum that plants were visibly damaged (i.e., fired lower leaves) was measured at 5 locations adjacent to each insecticide treated and untreated area. The five measurements were averaged to obtain a mean CB-damaged distance into the field.
Control of White Grubs in Bermudagrass Sod, North Carolina, 1990
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established on a golf course rough at the Oak Island Golf Course near Caswell Beach. The bermudagrass rough contained a variety of weed species and was maintained at a height of 8 cm with 1 cm of thatch. Soil was a sand with a pH of 5.8 and 1.2% humic matter. Treatments were applied 27 Mar to 3.0 × 3.0 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Air temperature was 75°F and soil temperature was 63°F. Soil was moist at time of insecticide application. Granular formulations were applied in a hand held glass jar shaker with a perforated top. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 135 ml/plot (332 liters/ha) at 40 psi. After application all plots were irrigated with 0.7 cm of water. Pretreatment inspections revealed grubs to be Southern masked chafers. Plots were sampled on 10 Apr (14 DAT) using a 20 cm diam core sampler to a depth of 20 cm (most grubs were within 3 cm of the soil surface during both treatment and sampling). Five sample sites/plot were selected at random. All grubs were counted and removed from the soil core. Sampling on 24 Apr (28 DAT) found that a significant portion of the grubs had pupated due to an extremely mild winter and advanced development and thus was considered invalid. Counts from the 5 samples were summed for each plot and the data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Crabapple, 1990
Authors: Miller Fredri. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern tent caterpillar (ETC) control was evaluated by selecting 40 crabapple trees with similar infestation levels. Treatments were randomly assigned with 4 single tree replications/treatment. Trees were sprayed until drip using a Meyer’s tractor mounted, PTO driven sprayer at 100 psi and a Meyer’s hand spray gun. Temperature at the time of application was 15°C and wind velocity was approximately 10 mph. Prior to spraying (0 DAT), and at 2, 4, 8, and 16 DAT, each tree for each treatment was visually examined and the percent defoliation was determined based on 2 independent estimates to the nearest 5%. ETC larvae were approximately Ms grown at the time of application.
Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1989
Authors: Bethke James A. , Paine Timothy D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Poinsettias 40 – 50 cm high in 15 cm pots were provided by a commercial greenhouse in San Diego, Calif. Twenty pots (2 plants/pot) were exposed to a colony of sweetpotato whitefly on the premises for 4 d from 19 Dec-22 Dec. Fourteen d after whitefly exposure, 1 leaf/pot was arbitrarily selected and the no. of eggs, nymphs, redeye pupae, and empty pupal cases were counted. Plants were assigned to treatments in a randomized block design and treated every 5 - 7 d beginning on 12 Jan with 4 treatments and a water control using a 10 gal hydraulic sprayer at 150 psi. Posttreatment counts preceeded treatments which were made on d 1, 6, 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40. Treated pots were held on raised benches in the greenhouse for the remainder of t he trial.
Chemical Control of Black Vine Weevil, 1990
Authors: Clark Scot. , Gilrein Da. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 28 Jun, cuttings of Taxus media ‘Hatfieldii’ were sprayed until wet with a handheld atomizer. After drying, 2 treated taxus cuttings were placed in 1 liter cardboard containers along with 10 BVW, covered with cheese cloth and secured with a rubber band. Containers were maintained in the laboratory at 22.4°C. There were 5 replications/treatment arranged in a completely randomized design. Weevils were checked daily and the number of weevils alive (very active and feeding), dead, or some activity (SA) (showing some nerve activity, no feeding) were recorded. SA was recorded due to indications that weevils may recover from a sublethal dose of fluvalinate.
Spring Control of Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid with Insecticidal Soap Formulations and Conventional Insecticides on Douglas-Fir in Carbon Co., Pa, 1990
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven treatments were applied to evaluate Cooley spruce gall adelgid on heavily infested 6-8 ft Douglas-fir Christmas trees. Treatments were applied on 25 Apr and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Foliar treatments were completed by using a C02 compressed air sprayer with a hollow cone nozzle operating at 28 psi. Treatments were applied at the rate of 100 gal/acre (302 ml/tree). At treatment time the following conditions existed: air temperature, 77-82°F and skies were cloudy. Posttreatment counts were completed on 19 Jul. Each treatment was evaluated by selecting 4 cardinal locations on each tree and counting 25 needles at each location and recording the number of Cooley spruce gall damaged needles.
Elm, Cherry, and Mulberry, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Fall Webworm, Wayne Co., Ohio, 1989
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Elm, cherry, and mulberry, 2-4 m tall, growing along roadsides were used to evaluate insecticides against fall webworm when larvae were 15-25 mm long. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at half throttle on aperature setting # 3 for 30 s, was used to deliver 600 ml of finished spray/tree. Sprays were applied 19 Sep under sunny skies, 23°C, and 8-16 km/h winds. The treatment area received 4.3 cm of rainfall during the test period. Sprays were directed toward the web and surrounding foliage on each of 3 single-tree replicates. Evaluations were made 6 DAT by dismantling each web and counting live and dead larvae.
Efficacy of Insecticide Formulations, 1989
Authors: Wright C. G. , Dupree H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Self-pressurized sprays, supplied by Whitmire Research Laboratories (St. Louis, MO), were directed into cracks and crevices in single-family dwellings, located in Wake, Johnston and Wayne counties, N.C. Kitchens with a minimum of 60 German cockroaches sighted in a preliminary survey were used. Preapplication visual tallies in the kitchens compared to tallies at specified intervals after treatment indicated efficacy. The amount of insecticide applied and the size, temperature and relative humidity of the kitchens were recorded. Additional insecticide applications were made with the amount recorded when living cockroaches were observed during the specified reinspection intervals. Other rooms in the dwellings were treated as needed at each application time to minimize migration of German cockroaches. Cockroach tallies were not made in these rooms. Treatments were replicated 5 times. The active ingredient applied in the initial applications and during reapplications for all formulations ranged from 0.09-5.2 g and 0-1.7 g, respectively, for 50 m2 of kitchen floor and wall surfaces. Smaller quantities of insecticide were used for reapplications because partial cockroach control resulted from the initial applications. There was no correlation between temperature or relative humidity and insecticide efficacy.
Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Ear Tags in South Mississippi, Test 2, 1990
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in Clarke County in Mississippi. One ear tag/ear (2/animal) was used on all adult cattle. Terminator tags were placed in a herd of 55 cows and two bulls on 27 Apr. Tags remained in the herd for 16 wk. Terminator tags were removed on 31 Aug and replaced with Ectrin tags. Ectrin tags remained in the herd for 8.5 wk and were removed on 29 Oct. An untreated herd of 24 cows and 1 bull was located in the vicinity of the farm. Herds were mixed breeds of beef cattle. Horn fly counts were made visually once each week using binoculars.
Tabm Greenhouse Ground Cover Test, 1990
Authors: Felland C. M. , Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae feeding on dandelion plants (Taraxacum officinale Weber) were treated using a herbicide sprayer and held in a greenhouse to test insecticides for use in the ground cover under apple trees in the spring. Six dandelions were grown from seed in each of 24 nurSery flats (31 × 56 cm) (Kaden Co., Dayton, Ohio). Twenty field strain, third through early fifth instar TABM larvae were placed on the plants in each flat on 11 Oct. Tape with Insect Trap Coating (The Tanglefoot Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.) on the rims of the flats prevented larval escape. After larvae had opportunity to construct shelters, treatments were made using a Bean herbicide sprayer calibrated to deliver 935 liters*ha-1 on 12 Oct (Asana XL applied at 987 liters*ha-1). The mean daily max/min temperatures in the greenhouse were 24.5 and 13.2°C, respectively. Photoperiod was maintained at 16L:8D to prevent diapause. On 9 Nov larvae, pupae and pupal exuvia were removed from flats and live larvae and pupae transferred to the laboratory (28°C, 16L:8D) where they where held on diet until adult eclosion was complete in the control. Percent mortality was based on the initial no./ flat less those removed from the trap coating. The data was analyzed as a completely randomized design.
Ant Repellent Activity of Eucalyptus Extracts in Choice Tests, 1988
Authors: Jahn Gary C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extracts of Eucalyptus australiana, E. globulus, and E. dives (phellandrene var.) were tested for repellency against BA in choice tests. Twelve BA colonies, consisting of approximately 2000 ants each, were starved for 24 h. Each colony was in a separate cage. Two wooden tongue depressors were placed in each cage. In 9 cages, one tongue depressor was treated with 0.05 ml of eucalyptus extract (3 replicates/eucalyptus species) while the other tongue depressor was left untreated. In the remaining 3 cages, both tongue depressors were left untreated, to determine if chance alone would result in significantly different numbers of ants at two feeding sites. Approximately 0.05 ml of 50% sucrose solution was placed on each tongue depressor. The number of ants feeding at each drop of sucrose was noted at 10 min intervals for 2 h.
Evaluation of the Repellent Activity of Eucalyptus Oil to Bigheaded Ant, 1988
Authors: Jahn Gary C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to determine if Eucalyptus polybractea oil is repellent to ants. Following 24 h starvation, 6 BA colonies were given 5 g of food (1:1 peanut butter and soybean oil) on a piece of filter paper. Each BA colony had approximately 2000 ants. In 3 of the colonies, 1 ml of pure E. polybractea extract was adsorbed onto the filter paper to form a ring around the bait. The number of ants feeding was noted at five min intervals for 6.5 h.
Feeding Tests on Toxicity of Insecticidal Baits to Rangeland Grasshoppers, 1990
Authors: Wang T. , Bohls R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Toxicity of Dimilin (diflubenzuron) 1.0% and carbaryl 2.0% in wheat bran as insecticidal bait was evaluated under laboratory conditions against 8 economically important species of grasshoppers, including both bran “acceptor” and “rejector” species. Fourth instar nymphal grasshoppers were collected in Edgemont and in Belle Fourche, S.D., Jul through Aug. They were held without food for 24 h and then individually offered 3 plain or treated bran flakes (0.0039 g) in glass vials (20 ml). Over a 4-d period, forty nymphs of each species were used for each bait treatment and plain bran control each day. Those nymphs which consumed 1 or more flakes and survived in 24 h were transferred to plastic rearing tubes (10 nymphs/tube) and maintained at 30°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Fresh ryegrass clippings were provided and mortality counts recorded 3, 5, 7 or 8 DAT.
Aphid Control, 1990
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an 11-yr-old orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The blocking factor was pretreatment aphid density on 23 Jul. Experimental units were single trees. Sample units were the most heavily infested leaf on each of 3 tagged terminals/tree. Treatments were applied on 26 Jul. Per-acre rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre applied to the point of drip with a handgun operated at 300 psi. Posttreatment counts were taken at 5 h, 72 h, 1 wk and weekly thereafter.
Insect and Mite Control, 1990
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 34-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays by handgun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 370 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 15 May (pink [P]), 7 Jun (petal fall [PF]), 15 Jun (first cover [IC]), 26 Jun (second cover [2C]), 10 Jul (third cover [3C]), 24 Jul (fourth cover [4C]), 6 Aug (fifth cover [5C]), and 21 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), as noted in the table. The standard pesticide program consisted of Thiram 65 W (2.0 lb/100 gal) on 7 dates and Nova 40 W (2.5 oz) on 5 dates. There were no mixtures of insecticides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 'Red Delicious' and 2 'Cortland' cultivars. Except for test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides or acaricides. On 28 Aug, 420 apples were picked from the 4 trees of each treatment and examined on 9 and 15 Sep for external egg punctures (AM), egg-laying scars (PC), and typical feeding injuries (CM and LAW). ERM were counted on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted with the same day. There was adequate and normal rainfall during May, Jun, and Jul, with slightly less in Aug. The summer months were slightly warmer and more humid than normal.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Japanese Beetle and Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1990
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the Japanese beetle and grape berry moth in an experimental Concord grape vineyard at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications/treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gal/acre (935 l/ha) on 13 Jun, 23 Jul and 8 Aug, using a hand held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. After treated foliage was dry, 10 grape leaves were removed from the outside canopy of each plot for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the lab on 0, 1, and 6 DAT and placed inside 1 gal ice cream containers along with 10 Japanese beetles. The 1 gal containers were modified by placing plastic liners inside and cheese cloth over the top. After holding beetles on treated foliage for 24 h, a count of the number of dead beetles was taken. The insect holding room was maintained at 75°F (23°C) with 75% RH. On 12 Sep, 10 grape clusters were randomly removed from each replicate and examined for the number of berries infested by grape berry moth.
Evaluation of Biological and Synthetic Insecticide Combinations for Control of Dbm, 1990
Authors: Sparks A. N. , Chambers Cliff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted to evaluate various Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products alone and in combination with synthetic insecticides for control of DBM on cabbage. Experimental plots were established in a commercial cabbage field near Donna, Tex. Each plot was 2 rows wide (one 40 inch bed) by 15 ft long. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer in 50 gal of spray/acre (2 10 × hollow cone nozzles per bed; 50 psi). All treatments included a spray adjuvant (LI700 at 8 oz/100 gal). Two applications were made 4 d apart (19 and 23 Feb) with treatment evaluations performed 4 days after each treatment. Treatments were evaluated by visually counting all DBM larvae on 5 plants/plot. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Fall Cabbage, 1990
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage transplants were planted on 1 Aug near Georgetown, Del. Two row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized wheel barrow sprayer using 3 nozzles/row delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 15, 24, and 31 Aug; 6, 17, and 25 Sep; and 2 Oct. Number of larvae/5 plants was recorded on 4, 21, and 27 Sep. Yield (percent marketable heads) was taken on 5 Oct and defined as cabbage heads with no visible feeding and having at least 2 undamaged wrapper leaves.
Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1990
Authors: Mayer D. F. , Lunden J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 12 Jun with rows spaced 30 inches apart and 10-12 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with a Hi-Boy self-powered boom sprayer with 4 (TJet 8001) nozzles set 76 inches off the ground and centered on the row at a rate of 30 gal/acre at 30 psi. The corn was at 5% silk on 16 Aug and treatments were applied 16, 20, 25, 28, and 31 Aug. All plots were hand harvested and evaluated 7 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears/plot, husking the ears and checking for CEW larvae.