bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood segregation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Li Ke , Rosso Andrea L. , Jiang Yanping , Li Mengting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fast‐growing population of older Chinese immigrants and their segregated residences highlight the importance of understanding the role of neighborhood context in cognitive health. The segregation‐cognition association is equivocal based on a limited number of studies among Hispanic and Asian Americans. To close the knowledge gap, this study examined the associations of neighborhood segregation and socioeconomic status (NSES) with cognitive functioning among older Chinese immigrants.MethodsFour waves of cognitive performance tests were conducted in the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (2011–2019) and linked to the 2010 to 2014 American Community Survey estimates of neighborhood contexts. NSES was a summary z‐score of six census variables of education, income/wealth, and occupation. Neighborhood segregation was measured by the Index of Concentrations at the Extremes (ICE), which simultaneously assesses Chinese and English language use within a given census tract. There were 170 census tracts in the present sample of 2044 participants. Latent growth curve models with adjusted cluster robust standard errors were estimated.ResultsOn average, cognitive functioning declined over time (B = −0.07, p < 0.001). After adjusting for individual‐level predictors, living in high‐NSES neighborhoods was associated with slower cognitive decline (B = 0.003, p = 0.04). ICE was not associated with cognitive functioning, but boosted the protective effect of high NSES on cognitive decline (B = 0.006, p = 0.05).ConclusionsNeighborhood socioeconomic advantage was related to slower cognitive decline among older Chinese immigrants, especially among those living in neighborhoods with more English speakers or less segregation. This finding suggests complex associations between neighborhood context and cognitive health among Chinese immigrants.
Life satisfaction among persons living with dementia and those without dementia
Authors: Gotanda Hiroshi , Tsugawa Yusuke , Xu Haiyong , Reuben David B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite possible major adverse cognitive, physical, social, and behavioral consequences, little is known about how persons living with dementia perceive satisfaction with life, a key component of well‐being. We sought to examine (i) whether persons living with dementia perceive a lower level of satisfaction compared to their peers without dementia and (ii) whether the associations between individual characteristics and life satisfaction are different between persons living with and without dementia.MethodsUsing a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥70 years in the U.S. from the Health and Retirement Study, we compared scores on the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), a self‐reported 5‐item scale ranging from 1 to 7 (more satisfaction), between persons with probable dementia (n = 341) and those without (n = 5530), adjusting for individual characteristics. We also tested whether the associations between the individual characteristics and SWLS differ by dementia status.ResultsScores on SWLS did not differ between persons with probable dementia and those without when adjusting for individual characteristics including limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) (adjusted difference, −0.09; 95% CI, −0.33 to +0.15; p‐value, 0.45). However, dementia status was associated with lower life satisfaction through the mediation of limitations in ADL (total effect, −0.29; bootstrapped 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.12). Most individual characteristics associated with lower life satisfaction were similar in the two groups, including younger age, more limitations in ADL, and depression. Less wealth was associated with lower satisfaction among persons without dementia but not among those with probable dementia.ConclusionsDementia status was only modestly associated with lower life satisfaction through the mediation of limitations in ADL among participants who were able to provide response. Future research is warranted to determine whether life satisfaction can be used as a meaningful outcome when evaluating well‐being among persons living with dementia.
Effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health to adults with chronic conditions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barnett Amandine , Wright Charlene , Stone Christine , Ho Nok Yin , Adhyaru Pooja , Kostjasyn Sarah , Hickman Ingrid J. , Campbell Katrina L. , Mayr Hannah L. , Kelly Jaimon T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital health interventions may facilitate management of chronic conditions; however, no reviews have systematically assessed the effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health platforms for improving dietary intake and clinical outcomes for adults with diet‐related chronic conditions.MethodsDatabases CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE were searched from inception to April 2021 to identify controlled trials for dietary education delivered by digital health (mobile or electronic health) to adults with diet‐related chronic conditions. Random effects analysis was performed for diet quality, food groups, nutrients and clinical outcomes. Screening, data extraction and quality checking were completed in duplicate.ResultsThirty‐nine studies were included involving 7333 participants. Significant changes were found for Mediterranean diet adherence score (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18 to 1.40), overall fruit and vegetable intake (mean difference [MD]: 0.63 serves/day; 95% CI = 0.27–0.98), fruit intake alone (MD = 0.58 serves/day; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.77) and sodium intake (SMD = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.44 to −0.01). Improvements were also found for waist circumference [MD = −2.24 centimetres; 95% CI = −4.14 to −0.33], body weight (MD = −1.94 kg; 95% CI = −2.63 to −1.24) and haemoglobin A1c (MD = −0.17%; 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.04). Validity of digital assessment tools to measure dietary intake were not reported. The quality of evidence was considered to have low to moderate certainty.ConclusionsModest improvements in diet and clinical outcomes may result from intervention via digital health for those with diet‐related chronic conditions. However, additional robust trials with better reporting of digital dietary assessment tools are needed to support implementation within clinical practice.
The carceral logic of parental responsibility
Authors: Battle Brittany Pearl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the institutional logic underpinning the child support system's expectations of parents.BackgroundCompelling parental responsibility through punitive enforcement mechanisms is the central focus of child support system enforcement. Although much is known about noncustodial parents' experiences in the system, less is known about how this site of state intervention shapes the definition and expectations of parenthood and family.MethodObservations in five courts and child support‐related sites were conducted over 18 months. Interviews were also conducted with child support system workgroup members.ResultsThe racialized, gendered, and classed stereotypes that undergird the system's definition of parental responsibility are grounded in controlling images of parenthood and family, prioritizing financial support above any other contributions of parents. Court officials wielded this expectation of parental responsibility to punish—or threaten to punish—noncustodial parents, resulting in significant material and symbolic consequences.ConclusionThe carceral logic of parental responsibility in this site underpins punitive state policies, procedures, and practices around nonpayment of support and other acts of noncompliance, reproducing racialized, gendered, and classed social controls of parenthood and family. As a result of this logic, the child support system plays a significant role in shaping the institutions of parenthood and family, (re)produces the expansion of the carceral state, and contributes to broader family inequality.ImplicationsAddressing family inequality should attend to the pervasiveness of the carceral logic of parental responsibility in the child support system and beyond, which has significantly oppressive consequences for parents and families.
Association between autoimmune rheumatic diseases and head and neck cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Batista Nancy Vanessa Rodrigues , Valdez Remberto Marcelo Argandoña , Silva Elma Mariana Verçosa de Melo , Melo Thayanara Silva , Pereira José Ricardo Dias , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Mariz Henrique de Ataíde , Gueiros Luiz Alcino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersonal history of autoimmune rheumatic diseases has been implicated in the development of malignant neoplasms. Our aim was to assess the risk of head and neck (H&N) cancers in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.MethodsThe articles search included PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with no language restrictions for studies published from inception of the databases to August 20, 2022, assessing the risk of H&N cancer in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Studies were included if they reported the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was risk of H&N cancers in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared with the general population. Pooled summary estimates were calculated using a random‐effects model, and subgroup analyses were done to establish whether risk of H&N cancers varied according to study site.ResultsOur search identified 5378 records, of which 32 cohort studies were eligible for systematic review and 24 for meta‐analysis (including 273 613 patients). A significant association was found between H&N cancer and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SIR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.57–3.50; p < 0.01, I2 = 94%).ConclusionOur study suggests that patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases had a significantly increased risk of H&N cancer compared with the general population, including thyroid, oral, and nasopharyngeal cancers. These findings have implications for the individualized screening of these patients and the planning of oncology units. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020197827.
Cryptic recessive lethality of a supergene controlling social organization in ants
Authors: Blacher Pierre , De Gasperin Ornela , Grasso Guglielmo , Sarton‐Lohéac Solenn , Allemann Roxane , Chapuisat Michel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSupergenes are clusters of linked loci that control complex phenotypes, such as alternative forms of social organization in ants. Explaining the long‐term maintenance of supergenes is challenging, particularly when the derived haplotype lacks homozygous lethality and causes gene drive. In the Alpine silver ant, Formica selysi, a large and ancient social supergene with two haplotypes, M and P, controls colony social organization. Single‐queen colonies only contain MM females, while multiqueen colonies contain MP and PP females. The derived P haplotype, found only in multiqueen colonies, selfishly enhances its transmission through maternal effect killing, which could have led to its fixation. A population genetic model showed that a stable social polymorphism can only be maintained under a narrow set of conditions, which includes partial assortative mating by social form (which is known to occur in the wild), and low fitness of PP queens. With a combination of field and laboratory experiments, we show that the P haplotype has deleterious effects on female fitness. The survival rate of PP queens and workers was around half that of other genotypes. Moreover, P‐carrying queens had lower fertility and fecundity compared to other queens. We discuss how cryptic lethal effects of the P haplotype help stabilize this ancient polymorphism.
Growth slowdowns at middle income levels: Identifying mechanisms of external constraints
Authors: Bianchi Carlos , Isabella Fernando , Picasso Santiago 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that external constraints determine growth slowdowns in middle‐income countries. Econometric models corroborate a positive and significant relation between export margin and the growth of GDPpc for those countries that have remained between middle‐income thresholds for at least 30 years, but not for others. While advanced economies have sustained their growth through permanent increases in productivity and the quality of products, many middle‐income countries, most of them from Latin America, remain dependent on external prices for growth. Our results shed new light on old development challenges for developing countries.
Catastrophic or sustainable scenarios might occur when the carrying capacities of a tourism‐based socioecological system vary
Authors: Villavicencio‐Pulido J. G. , Vázquez‐Hipólito V. , García‐Cruz G. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we propose a socioecological model to describe the effects of visiting tourists in biological attractive sites. We model conditioned interactions between the forest resources and the wildlife with the tourists. This allows us to describe the net benefits–costs rates that the species and their habitats receive from the interaction with tourists. We show that when a scenario of sustainable tourism exists, it is always at risk. This occurs because there is at least a component of the socioecological system that can go to zero when the initial conditions belong to the basin of attraction of a border equilibrium. However, a sustainable equilibrium can be reached when the initial conditions belong to the basin of attraction of a positive attractor. The analysis of the model shows that increasing the tourism carrying capacities can lead to different dynamical patterns. Sometimes, these patterns describe scenarios of unsustainable tourism. When this is the case, by decreasing the negative impact due to the nature and wildlife‐based tourism industry, a tourism sustainability can be reached. Among the scenarios of unsustainable tourism, there are scenarios without wildlife and/or tourists or without both; scenarios in which the ecological and the social variable show sustained oscillations, or scenarios with chaotic patterns for these variables. We show numerical solutions of the model to display different scenarios when the touristic carrying capacities are varied.
Diagnostic performance of the Spot vision photoscreener for the detection of exodeviation in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Yum Hae Ri , Park Yoo Yeon , Shin Sun Young , Park Shin Hae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Welch Allyn Spot Vision photoscreener in preschool children for detecting exotropia, the most prevalent type of strabismus among Asian children.MethodsChildren aged 3–6 years were screened using the Spot Vision photoscreener and then underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination on the same day. A child with exodeviation ≥8 Δ in the primary position using the cover‐uncover test and the alternate prism cover test was confirmed to have exotropia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the photoscreener in detecting exotropia were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the angle of deviation (≥25 Δ vs. <25 Δ) and fusional control (good/fair vs. poor).ResultsTwo hundred and ten children were included in this study. Among 80 exotropia‐confirmed children, 23 needed referrals for exodeviation (screening‐positive) and 57 were proven to be screening‐negatives with the photoscreener. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the photoscreener for detecting exotropia were 28.8%, 95.4%, 79.3% and 68.5%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.26 and 0.75, respectively. Compared with the 57 children with false‐negatives (71.3%), those with true‐positive results with the photoscreener had significantly larger angles of exodeviation (p = 0.02) and a higher proportion of poor fusional control (p = 0.004). The photoscreener had low sensitivity even in detecting exotropia ≥25 Δ or those with poor fusional control (35.2% and 43.6%, respectively). Approximately 65% (42 out of 64) of the children with a significant exodeviation which needed strabismus surgery were not identified by the Spot Vision Photoscreener.ConclusionsThe Spot Vision photoscreener has low sensitivity for detecting exodeviation. It should not be used alone for assessing exotropia in preschool‐aged children.
What is the frequency and nature of visual hallucinations in non‐clinical participants?
Authors: Aynsworth Charlotte , Rolinson Julie , Pervez Maryam , Collerton Daniel , Dudley Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is a paucity of psychological treatments for visual hallucinations (VH). A key aspect in the psychological treatment of hallucination‐related distress is normalisation to explain that these experiences are commonplace and can be non‐distressing. In order to normalise VH, it is vital that more is known about VH in non‐clinical populations. This study investigated the prevalence, content, context, appraisals, distress, and behavioural reactions to VH in a non‐clinical sample.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.Methods466 students completed the Multi‐Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire‐VH subscale with additional contextual follow‐up questions.ResultsOf the 466 participants, 395 (84.8%) reported anomalous visual experiences. 176 (37.77%) participants reported VH similar to the content seen in psychosis. Of the overall sample, 17.38% felt their experience met the VH definition. Participants mainly saw figures, when alone and in the evening. Participants endorsed normalising appraisals: 112 out of 176 (78.87%) believed their mind was playing tricks on them and 83 (58.45%) believed they were tired. However, many also believed the VH was a threat to their mental (66, 46.48%) or physical well‐being (41, 28.87%). These negative appraisals were associated with distress.ConclusionVH are seemingly common in non‐clinical populations and are similar in a number of ways to those of people with psychosis. Awareness that VH occur on a continuum could normalise people's experiences and reduce their negative appraisals and related distress.
Arterial Structure in 18-Year-Old Males Is Dependent on Physical Activity at 12 Years and Cumulative Cardiorespiratory Fitness From Puberty to Late Adolescence
Authors: Kraav Juta , Tamme Reeli , Remmel Liina , Mäestu Evelin , Zagura Maksim , Jürimäe Jaak , Tillmann Vallo 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effect of body composition, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from puberty on arterial health in late adolescent males. Methods: The cumulative burden of physical activity (measured with accelerometer), CRF (VO2peak0.82), and body composition (body mass index, fat mass, and fat percentage) from puberty to late adolescence (sum of 4 time points from 12 to 18 y) was assessed in 102 males. Additional analysis on the first (T1) and last (T4) time points was performed. Intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index adjusted to heart rate of 75 beats per minute (bpm) as dependent variables were measured at T4 and analyzed in multivariable regression models adjusted for known risk factors including maturation, blood pressure, and smoking habits. Results: T1 and cumulative body composition measures were independently associated with IMT, while cumulative (β = −0.011, P = .036) and T4 (β = −0.0.031, P = .001) CRF revealed independent associations with IMT. Individuals with moderate to vigorous physical activity >60 minutes per day at T1 showed relationship (β = −1.091, P = .026) with IMT independently of late adolescent physical activity. No significant relationship was present for arterial function. Conclusion: Arterial structure in adolescent males is associated with physical activity at 12 years while relationship with CRF can be seen in late adolescence and cumulatively from puberty to late adolescence.
Runoff and discharge pathways of microplastics into freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang J. , Bucci K. , Helm P.A. , Hoellein T. , Hoffman M.J. , Rooney R. , Rochman C.M. 
Published: December 2022

Although many studies have focused on the importance of littering and (or) illegal dumping as a source of plastic pollution to freshwater, other relevant pathways should be considered, including wastewater, stormwater runoff, industrial effluent/runoff, and agricultural runoff. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis focused on these four pathways. We quantified the number of studies, amount and characteristics of microplastics reported, and the methods used to sample and measure microplastics from each pathway. Overall, we found 121 studies relevant to our criteria, published from 2014 to 2020. Of these, 54 (45%) quantified and characterized microplastics in discharge pathways. Although most focused on wastewater treatment plant effluent (85%), microplastic concentrations were highest in stormwater runoff (0.009 to 3862 particles/L). Morphologies of particles varied among pathways and sampling methods. For example, stormwater runoff was the only pathway with rubbery particles. When assessing methods, our analysis suggested that water filtered through a finer (<200 um) mesh and of a smaller volume (e.g., 6 L) captured more particles, and with a slightly greater morphological diversity. Overall, our meta-analysis suggested that all four pathways bring microplastics into freshwater ecosystems, and further research is necessary to inform the best methods for monitoring and to better understand hydrologic patterns that can inform local mitigation.