bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in gastrointestinal fungi and the risk of autoimmunity during early childhood: the TEDDY study
Authors: Auchtung Thomas A. , Stewart Christopher J. , Smith Daniel P. , Triplett Eric W. , Agardh Daniel , Hagopian William A. , Ziegler Anette G. , Rewers Marian J. , She Jin-Xiong , Toppari Jorma , Lernmark Åke , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Vehik Kendra , Auchtung Jennifer M. , Ajami Nadim J. , Petrosino Joseph F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFungal infections are a major health problem that often begin in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbe interactions in early childhood are critical for proper immune responses, yet there is little known about the development of the fungal population from infancy into childhood. Here, as part of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, we examine stool samples of 888 children from 3 to 48 months and find considerable differences between fungi and bacteria. The metagenomic relative abundance of fungi was extremely low but increased while weaning from milk and formula. Overall fungal diversity remained constant over time, in contrast with the increase in bacterial diversity. Fungal profiles had high temporal variation, but there was less variation from month-to-month in an individual than among different children of the same age. Fungal composition varied with geography, diet, and the use of probiotics. MultipleCandidaspp. were at higher relative abundance in children than adults, whileMalasseziaand certain food-associated fungi were lower in children. There were only subtle fungal differences associated with the subset of children that developed islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Having proper fungal exposures may be crucial for children to establish appropriate responses to fungi and limit the risk of infection: the data here suggests those gastrointestinal exposures are limited and variable.
Experimental realization of one dimensional helium
Authors: Del Maestro Adrian , Nichols Nathan S. , Prisk Timothy R. , Warren Garfield , Sokol Paul E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs the spatial dimension is lowered, locally stabilizing interactions are reduced, leading to the emergence of strongly fluctuating phases of matter without classical analogues. Here we report on the experimental observation of a one dimensional quantum liquid of 4He using nanoengineering by confining it within a porous material preplated with a noble gas to enhance dimensional reduction. The resulting excitations of the confined 4He are qualitatively different than bulk superfluid helium, and can be analyzed in terms of a mobile impurity allowing for the characterization of the emergent quantum liquid beyond the Luttinger liquid paradigm. The low dimensional helium system offers the possibility of tuning via pressure—from weakly interacting, all the way to the super Tonks-Girardeau gas of strongly interacting hard-core particles.
A functionally conserved STORR gene fusion in Papaver species that diverged 16.8 million years ago
Authors: Catania Theresa , Li Yi , Winzer Thilo , Harvey David , Meade Fergus , Caridi Anna , Leech Andrew , Larson Tony R. , Ning Zemin , Chang Jiyang , Van de Peer Yves , Graham Ian A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe STORR gene fusion event is considered essential for the evolution of the promorphinan/morphinan subclass of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) in opium poppy as the resulting bi-modular protein performs the isomerization of (S)- to (R)-reticuline essential for their biosynthesis. Here, we show that of the 12 Papaver species analysed those containing the STORR gene fusion also contain promorphinans/morphinans with one important exception. P. californicum encodes a functionally conserved STORR but does not produce promorphinans/morphinans. We also show that the gene fusion event occurred only once, between 16.8-24.1 million years ago before the separation of P. californicum from other Clade 2 Papaver species. The most abundant BIA in P. californicum is (R)-glaucine, a member of the aporphine subclass of BIAs, raising the possibility that STORR, once evolved, contributes to the biosynthesis of more than just the promorphinan/morphinan subclass of BIAs in the Papaveraceae.
Molecular basis of mEAK7-mediated human V-ATPase regulation
Authors: Wang Rong , Qin Yu , Xie Xiao-Song , Li Xiaochun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe activity of V-ATPase is well-known to be regulated by reversible dissociation of its V1 and Vo domains in response to growth factor stimulation, nutrient sensing, and cellular differentiation. The molecular basis of its regulation by an endogenous modulator without affecting V-ATPase assembly remains unclear. Here, we discover that a lysosome-anchored protein termed (mammalian Enhancer-of-Akt-1-7 (mEAK7)) binds to intact V-ATPase. We determine cryo-EM structure of human mEAK7 in complex with human V-ATPase in native lipid-containing nanodiscs. The structure reveals that the TLDc domain of mEAK7 engages with subunits A, B, and E, while its C-terminal domain binds to subunit D, presumably blocking V1–Vo torque transmission. Our functional studies suggest that mEAK7, which may act as a V-ATPase inhibitor, does not affect the activity of V-ATPase in vitro. However, overexpression of mEAK7 in HCT116 cells that stably express subunit a4 of V-ATPase represses the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Thus, this finding suggests that mEAK7 potentially links mTOR signaling with V-ATPase activity.
Paramagnons and high-temperature superconductivity in a model family of cuprates
Authors: Wang Lichen , He Guanhong , Yang Zichen , Garcia-Fernandez Mirian , Nag Abhishek , Zhou Kejin , Minola Matteo , Tacon Matthieu Le , Keimer Bernhard , Peng Yingying , Li Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCuprate superconductors have the highest critical temperatures (Tc) at ambient pressure, yet a consensus on the superconducting mechanism remains to be established. Finding an empirical parameter that limits the highest reachable Tc can provide crucial insight into this outstanding problem. Here, in the first two Ruddlesden-Popper members of the model Hg-family of cuprates, which are chemically nearly identical and have the highest Tc among all cuprate families, we use inelastic photon scattering to reveal that the energy of magnetic fluctuations may play such a role. In particular, we observe the single-paramagnon spectra to be nearly identical between the two compounds, apart from an energy scale difference of ~30% which matches their difference in Tc. The empirical correlation between paramagnon energy and maximal Tc is further found to extend to other cuprate families with relatively high Tc’s, hinting at a fundamental connection between them.
The molecular mechanism of constructive remodeling of a mechanically-loaded polymer
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Akbulatov Sergey , Chen Qihan , Tian Yancong , Sun Cai-Li , Couty Marc , Boulatov Roman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge or repeated mechanical loads usually degrade polymers by accelerating fragmentation of their backbones but rarely, they can cause new backbone bonds to form. When these new bonds form faster than the original bonds break, mechanical degradation may be arrested or reversed in real time. Exploiting such constructive remodeling has proven challenging because we lack an understanding of the competition between bond-forming and bond-breaking reactions in mechanically-stressed polymers. Here we report the molecular mechanism and analysis of constructive remodeling driven by the macroradical products of mechanochemical fragmentation of a hydrocarbon backbone. By studying the changing compositions of a random copolymer of styrene and butadiene sheared at 10 °C in the presence of different additives we developed an approach to characterizing this growth/fracture competition, which is generalizable to other underlying chemistries. Our results demonstrate that constructive remodeling is achievable under practically relevant conditions, requires neither complex chemistries, elaborate macromolecular architectures or free monomers, and is amenable to detailed mechanistic interrogation and simulation. These findings constitute a quantitative framework for systematic studies of polymers capable of autonomously counteracting mechanical degradation at the molecular level.
Isospin competitions and valley polarized correlated insulators in twisted double bilayer graphene
Authors: Liu Le , Zhang Shihao , Chu Yanbang , Shen Cheng , Huang Yuan , Yuan Yalong , Tian Jinpeng , Tang Jian , Ji Yiru , Yang Rong , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Dongxia , Liu Jianpeng , Yang Wei , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
New phase of matter usually emerges when a given symmetry breaks spontaneously, which can involve charge, spin, and valley degree of freedoms. Here, we report an observation of new correlated insulators evolved from spin-polarized states to valley-polarized states in twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) driven by the displacement field (D). At a high field |D | > 0.7 V/nm, we observe valley polarized correlated insulators with a big Zeeman g factor of ~10, both at v = 2 in the moiré conduction band and more surprisingly at v = −2 in the moiré valence band. Moreover, we observe a valley polarized Chern insulator with C = 2 emanating at v = 2 in the electron side and a valley polarized Fermi surface around v = −2 in the hole side. Our results demonstrate a feasible way to realize isospin control and to obtain new phases of matter in TDBG by the displacement field, and might benefit other twisted or non-twisted multilayer systems.
Pixel-level Bayer-type colour router based on metasurfaces
Authors: Zou Xiujuan , Zhang Youming , Lin Ruoyu , Gong Guangxing , Wang Shuming , Zhu Shining , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe three primary colour model, i.e., red, green, and blue model, based on the colour perception of the human eye, has been widely used in colour imaging. The most common approach for obtaining colour information is to use a Bayer colour filter, which filters colour light with four pixels of an imaging sensor to form an effective colour pixel. However, its energy utilization efficiency and colour collection efficiency are limited to a low level due to the three-channel filtering nature. Here, by employing an inverse-design method, we demonstrate a pixel-level metasurface-based Bayer-type colour router that presents peak colour collection efficiencies of 58%, 59%, and 49% for red, green and blue light, and an average energy utilization efficiency as high as 84% over the visible region (400 nm–700 nm), which is twice as high as that of a commercial Bayer colour filter. Furthermore, by using a 200 µm × 200 µm metasurface-based colour router sample working with a monochromatic imaging sensor, colour imaging is further realized, obtaining an image intensity twice that achieved by a commercial Bayer colour filter. Our work innovates the mechanism of high-efficiency spectrum information acquisition, which is expected to have promising applications in the development of next-generation imaging systems.
A fully inkjet-printed disposable gas sensor matrix with molecularly imprinted gas-selective materials
Authors: Ge Lingpu , Ye Xiao , Yu Zeping , Chen Bin , Liu Chuanjun , Guo Hao , Zhang Shiyi , Sassa Fumihiro , Hayashi Kenshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA method was used to fabricate a fully inkjet-printed gas sensor matrix on photographic paper. An electrode matrix comprising 36 interdigital electrodes in a high-density layout that is easy to integrate has been fabricated using a combination of insulating ink and commercial silver ink. Molecular-imprinted polymer (MIP) inks were then made using a simple solution mixing method, and these inks were printed together with carbon black ink on the electrode matrix to complete production of the sensor. Finally, experimental dynamic sensing of volatile organic compounds verifies that for detection of gases corresponding to the MIP template molecules, the MIP layer offers improvements in both sensitivity and selectivity when compared with non-imprinted polymer layers. The matrix can produce a response of more than 20% to 3 ppm propenoic acid gas through adjustment of the printing times for the carbon black layer and the MIP layer.
A large-scale multi-label 12-lead electrocardiogram database with standardized diagnostic statements
Authors: Liu Hui , Chen Dan , Chen Da , Zhang Xiyu , Li Huijie , Bian Lipan , Shu Minglei , Wang Yinglong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeep learning approaches have exhibited a great ability on automatic interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, large-scale public 12-lead ECG data are still limited, and the diagnostic labels are not uniform, which increases the semantic gap between clinical practice. In this study, we present a large-scale multi-label 12-lead ECG database with standardized diagnostic statements. The dataset contains 25770 ECG records from 24666 patients, which were acquired from Shandong Provincial Hospital (SPH) between 2019/08 and 2020/08. The record length is between 10 and 60 seconds. The diagnostic statements of all ECG records are in full compliance with the AHA/ACC/HRS recommendations, which aims for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram, and consist of 44 primary statements and 15 modifiers as per the standard. 46.04% records in the dataset contain ECG abnormalities, and 14.45% records have multiple diagnostic statements. The dataset also contains additional patient demographics.
5-Azacytidine increases tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots through epigenetic modulation
Authors: Yang Bo-Cheng , Lee Meng-Shiou , Lin Ming-Kuem , Chang Wen-Te 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies have indicated strong connections between epigenetic modulation and secondary metabolites in plants. It is vital to understand the roles of epigenetics in the production of secondary metabolites. In this study, the inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-azacytidine (5-Az) was used on the hairy roots of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza to investigate its effect on secondary metabolite production, gene expression, methylation levels in genomic DNA and promoter regions. Our results showed that the contents of tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots increased by 1.5–5 times, and some genes in the biosynthesis pathway showed an upward trend. According to our NGS analysis, the methylation pattern in the promotor of the gene encoding copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) was altered, and 51 out of 145 cytosines were demethylated during 5-Az treatment. A total of 36 putative transcription factors (TFs) binding cites were identified in these demethylation sites. Among these TFs binding cites, cis-regulatory elements for the binding of NF-Y and MYB were frequently found in our results. This is the first report to demonstrate a possible mechanism of DNA methylation participating in tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots by modulating the CPS promoter and TFs binding sites.
Asymmetric host movement reshapes local disease dynamics in metapopulations
Authors: Michalska-Smith Matthew , VanderWaal Kimberly , Craft Meggan E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how the movement of individuals affects disease dynamics is critical to accurately predicting and responding to the spread of disease in an increasingly interconnected world. In particular, it is not yet known how movement between patches affects local disease dynamics (e.g., whether pathogen prevalence remains steady or oscillates through time). Considering a set of small, archetypal metapopulations, we find three surprisingly simple patterns emerge in local disease dynamics following the introduction of movement between patches: (1) movement between identical patches with cyclical pathogen prevalence dampens oscillations in the destination while increasing synchrony between patches; (2) when patches differ from one another in the absence of movement, adding movement allows dynamics to propagate between patches, alternatively stabilizing or destabilizing dynamics in the destination based on the dynamics at the origin; and (3) it is easier for movement to induce cyclical dynamics than to induce a steady-state. Considering these archetypal networks (and the patterns they exemplify) as building blocks of larger, more realistically complex metapopulations provides an avenue for novel insights into the role of host movement on disease dynamics. Moreover, this work demonstrates a framework for future predictive modelling of disease spread in real populations.
Hydrology, biogeochemistry and metabolism in a semi-arid mediterranean coastal wetland ecosystem
Authors: Béjaoui Béchir , Basti Leila , Canu Donata Melaku , Feki-Sahnoun Wafa , Salem Hatem , Dahmani Sana , Sahbani Sabrine , Benabdallah Sihem , Blake Reginald , Norouzi Hamidreza , Solidoro Cosimo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA LOICZ Budget Model is applied to the Ichkeul Lake, a wetland ecosystem of the South Mediterranean-North African region, to evaluate its functioning in order to boost water management. The Ichkeul Lake water and nutrient budget, net ecosystem metabolism (NEM), nutrient availability, and their seasonal changes are estimated using field data. A considerable anthropogenic-driven amount of nitrogen is transferred into N2/N2O to the atmosphere during the dry season with predominance of denitrification-anammox processes. The primary production is impacted by forcing the ecosystem respiration to reduce the NEM so that the system is functioning as heterotrophic. Climate change and anthropogenic pressures are expected to exacerbate the current trends of water quality degradation, with possible negative impacts on Palearctic birds’ population. Mitigation actions are possible, through the implementation of National Wetland Management Strategies that include nutrient load and water resources management.
Neuropeptide Neuromedin B does not alter body weight and glucose homeostasis nor does it act as an insulin-releasing peptide
Authors: Cikes Domagoj , Atanes Patricio , Cronin Shane J. F. , Hagelkrüys Astrid , Huang Guo-Cai , Persaud Shanta J. , Penninger Josef M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuromedin B (NMB) is a member of the neuromedin family of neuropeptides with a high level of region-specific expression in the brain. Several GWAS studies on non-obese and obese patients suggested that polymorphisms in NMB predispose to obesity by affecting appetite control and feeding preference. Furthermore, several studies proposed that NMB can act as an insulin releasing peptide. Since the functional study has never been done, the in vivo role of NMB as modulator of weight gain or glucose metabolism remains unclear. Here, we generated Nmb conditional mice and nervous system deficient NmB mice. We then performed olfactory and food preference analysis, as well as metabolic analysis under standard and high fat diet. Additionally, in direct islet studies we evaluated the role of NMB on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and humans.
Overexpression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 protects from asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced endothelial dysfunction and aortic remodeling
Authors: Rodionov Roman N. , Jarzebska Natalia , Burdin Dmitrii , Todorov Vladimir , Martens-Lobenhoffer Jens , Hofmann Anja , Kolouschek Anne , Cordasic Nada , Jacobi Johannes , Rubets Elena , Morawietz Henning , O’Sullivan John F. , Markov Alexander G. , Bornstein Stefan R. , Hilgers Karl , Maas Renke , Pfluecke Christian , Chen YingJie , Bode-Böger Stefanie M. , Hugo Christian P. M. , Hohenstein Bernd , Weiss Norbert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElevated plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are associated with an increased risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. ADMA can be metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) and by alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2). Deletion of DDAH1 in mice leads to elevation of ADMA in plasma and increase in blood pressure, while overexpression of human DDAH1 is associated with a lower plasma ADMA concentration and protective cardiovascular effects. The possible role of alternative metabolism of ADMA by AGXT2 remains to be elucidated. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that transgenic overexpression of AGXT2 leads to lowering of plasma levels of ADMA and protection from vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. We generated transgenic mice (TG) with ubiquitous overexpression of AGXT2. qPCR and Western Blot confirmed the expression of the transgene. Systemic ADMA levels were decreased by 15% in TG mice. In comparison with wild type animals plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid (ADGV), the AGXT2 associated metabolite of ADMA, were six times higher. We crossed AGXT2 TG mice with DDAH1 knockout mice and observed that upregulation of AGXT2 lowers plasma ADMA and pulse pressure and protects the mice from endothelial dysfunction and adverse aortic remodeling. Upregulation of AGXT2 led to lowering of ADMA levels and protection from ADMA-induced vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. This is especially important, because all the efforts to develop pharmacological ADMA-lowering interventions by means of upregulation of DDAHs have been unsuccessful.
Inter-individual differences in laboratory rats as revealed by three behavioural tasks
Authors: Rudolfová Veronika , Petrásek Tomáš , Antošová Eliška , Frynta Daniel , Landová Eva , Valeš Karel , Nekovářová Tereza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStable inter-individual differences in behaviour and personality have been studied for several decades now. The aim of this study was to test the repeatability of behaviour of the Long Evans strain of laboratory rats in order to assess their inter-individual differences. Male laboratory rats (n = 36) were tested in a series of tasks (Open field test, Elevated plus maze test, and modified T-maze test) repeated over time to assess their personality traits. To evaluate the temporal stability of the behaviour, we calculated repeatability estimates of the examined traits. We also checked for a link in behavioural traits across these experiments, which would suggest the existence of a behavioural syndrome. We found stable inter-individual differences in behaviour. Interestingly, no link emerged between the tasks we studied and therefore we did not find support for a behavioural syndrome. The lack of behavioural correlations between these experiments suggests that the results derived from these tasks should be interpreted carefully, as these experiments may measure various behavioural axes. Moreover, the animals habituate to the apparatus. Consequently, behaviour in the Open field test and Elevated plus maze test is not fully consistent and repeatable across subsequent trials.