bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond mistrust: Centering institutional change by decentering the white analytical lens
Authors: Newman Alyssa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe topic of Black mistrust of medical institutions and health care has received a great deal of attention over the course of the Covid‐19 pandemic, especially with the arrival of vaccines and the emergence of a gap in vaccination rates by race. This article examines current discourses and debates over medical mistrust, and describes the limitations of the mistrust framework for identifying and addressing the institutional change necessary to remedy racial health inequities. As numerous observers have pointed out, the mistrust discourse largely places the burden of change on historically exploited and mistreated populations, rather than on the medical institutions that committed the violations and continue the mistreatment that are often identified as sources of mistrust. However, even the analytic shift to focus on the trustworthiness of institutions narrows the scope of the issue to the relationships of medical institutions to specific communities. While the mistrust literature has made important contributions to centering and valuing Black perspectives, this framework delimits the focus to Black perceptions and behaviors rather than on medical institutions and the health care system. Whereas the predominately white analytic lens of bioethics scholarship has centered Black populations by making them the subject of study, this article draws a distinction between simply analyzing, versus meaningfully centering and deriving an analysis from the perspective of marginalized populations within scholarship. This article suggests moving beyond the mistrust framework and the assumption of white normativity to conduct the type of institutional analysis necessary for addressing racial health inequities.
Empathy and structural injustice in the assessment of patient noncompliance
Authors: Wilson Yolonda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmpathy is generally considered important because it is linked to prosocial helping behaviors. To the extent that humans are thought to be social creatures, empathy is regarded as an important component of our general well‐being. Meanwhile, empathy skeptics argue that empathy is not as important as its proponents believe. While there is philosophical debate about the appropriate place for empathy in moral judgment, empathy is a taken‐for‐granted, good‐making feature of moral deliberation in healthcare. In this paper I offer an account of empathy and a critique of its moral significance before thinking specifically about the role that empathy plays in medicine. Finally, I offer a hypothetical case to show that in order to fully appreciate the skeptical position, empathy's role in health justice should be understood in the context of structural injustice. Although I ultimately defend the importance of empathy in healthcare environments, I show that any conception of empathy in healthcare should take seriously reasons for skepticism about empathy, notably its susceptibility to bias against disfavored groups.
Effect of axitinib regulating the pathological blood–brain barrier functional recovery for glioblastoma therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Fengtian , Wen Lijuan , Wang Kai , Huang Zhihua , Jin Xiangyu , Xiong Ruiwen , He Shiying , Hu Fuqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsDysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathological feature of glioblastoma (GBM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is confirmed to be abnormally elevated in the pathogenesis of GBM, causing BBB pathological disruption, which further allows the leakage of neurotoxic blood‐derived molecules into the central nervous system (CNS), interfering brain homeostasis and leading to poor patient outcome. Since BBB is an integral and pivotal part of the brain microenvironment, which strongly supports the occurrence and the pathological progression of GBM, here we have selected the VEGFR antagonist axitinib as a BBB functional regulator and hypothesized to regulate pathological BBB restoration for GBM effective treatment.MethodsThe pathological BBB cell model was constructed to investigate the timeliness and dose effect of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration. In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration for anti‐GBM treatment, the orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice model was established for in vivo study, and bioluminescent imaging was used to real‐time and noninvasively monitor tumor growth response in vivo, and survival time was also recorded.ResultsAxitinib under non‐cytotoxic dosage regulated pathological BBB restoration in a time‐dependent mode, and multiple intervention of axitinib could realize a visible restoration of pathological BBB in vitro. Moreover, axitinib treatment restored pathological BBB in orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice. We further confirmed that functional restoration of pathological BBB with axitinib had certain curative effect in prolonging median survival of orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice at non‐cytotoxic dosages in vivo.ConclusionThe mechanism of axitinib involved in BBB functional regulation in the treatment of GBM is first illuminated in this report; moreover, this is the first report first referring to regulating pathological BBB functional recovery for GBM effective therapeutics. Overall, the view of regulating pathological BBB functional recovery may offer a novel sight for other CNS diseases relating to BBB permeability effective therapeutics.
Primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the pretibial leg: A case report and summary of the literature
Authors: Jerew Katherine S. , Mehregan Darius R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare tumor, with fewer than 30 known cases worldwide. We report the case of a 60‐year‐old female who presented with a solitary right pretibial nodule of 3 mm. She had no known comorbidities, trauma to the area, or prior malignancy. The biopsy specimen showed abundant mineralized osteoid, in which pleomorphic and spindled cells with anaplastic features were embedded. The osteoid matrix in this case contained overtly malignant cells, with frequent mitotic figures, as well as multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry and imaging led to the conclusion that this nodule represented a primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma. The previously reported cases are variable in location, size, gross appearance, and clinical course. The prognosis of osteosarcoma is typically poor, with aggressive behavior; this, however, may be less severe in these strictly cutaneous tumors, though additional follow‐up would be beneficial to determine long‐term outcomes for the known cases. Ultimately, despite the fact that this is an extremely rare entity, primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcomas should be considered when relevant.
Toward a better understanding of transition from paediatric to adult care in type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study of adolescents
Authors: Ladd Jennifer M. , Reeves‐Latour Jonathan , Dasgupta Kaberi , Bell Lorraine E , Anjachak Nadia , Nakhla Meranda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsType 1 diabetes is associated with significant morbidity, with an increasing risk of acute diabetes‐related complications in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Purposeful transition from paediatric to adult‐oriented care could mitigate this risk but is often lacking. Detailed understanding of the perspectives of adolescents in their final year of paediatric care is essential to inform delivery of transition care programs.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with adolescents (aged 17 years) with type 1 diabetes at an academic institution from April 2017 to May 2018. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Sixty‐one interviews were transcribed for analysis. Coding followed the principles of thematic analysis.ResultsThirty‐six percent of participants were male, and participants were from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. We found three overarching themes in our analysis: first, difficulties navigating changing relationships with parents and healthcare teams; second, the need to increase type 1 diabetes self‐management and differing comfort levels based on age of diagnosis; and third, perceived responsibilities for transition care preparation (for both the paediatric team and adolescents themselves) focused not only on type 1 diabetes‐specific skills but also on healthcare system structures.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that novel transition programs addressing changing inter‐personal relationships, disease‐specific self‐management (adapted for age of diagnosis), and healthcare system navigation, supported by parents and peers, may be needed to improve transition care for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Monetarist arithmetic at COVID‐19 time: A take on how not to misapply the quantity theory of money
Authors: Pinter Julien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis has revived an old heated debate on whether significant increases in the money supply ultimately lead to higher inflation. Some observers have alluded to the quantity theory of money for that purpose, though in our view, this has sometimes been in a misleading way. Against this background, this paper seeks to clarify several aspects of the quantity theory of money, which are useful to apply it fairly in the current world. First, we review the meaning of the velocity term in the quantity equation. We argue that it has no relevance as a behavioural concept: there is no such thing as a 'desired velocity'. Rather, income velocity should be seen as a variable deriving from a system of parameters and variables related to money demand, as the monetarist approach clearly puts it, with no intrinsic relevance. Second, we clarify the practical relevance that the quantity theory approach can bear in the 21st century. Third, we review the channels and assumptions underlying the asserted quantity theory link between money growth and inflation. In light of our analysis, we conclude that the high money growth rates seen since the pandemic outbreak are unlikely to translate into higher inflation rates.
Dietary abundance distributions: Dominance and diversity in vertebrate diets
Authors: Hutchinson Matthew C. , Dobson Andrew P. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiet composition is among the most important yet least understood dimensions of animal ecology. Inspired by the study of species abundance distributions (SADs), we tested for generalities in the structure of vertebrate diets by characterising them as dietary abundance distributions (DADs). We compiled data on 1167 population‐level diets, representing >500 species from six vertebrate classes, spanning all continents and oceans. DADs near‐universally (92.5%) followed a hollow‐curve shape, with scant support for other plausible rank‐abundance‐distribution shapes. This strong generality is inherently related to, yet incompletely explained by, the SADs of available food taxa. By quantifying dietary generalisation as the half‐saturation point of the cumulative distribution of dietary abundance (sp50, minimum number of foods required to account for 50% of diet), we found that vertebrate populations are surprisingly specialised: in most populations, fewer than three foods accounted for at least half the diet. Variation insp50was strongly associated with consumer type, with carnivores being more specialised than herbivores or omnivores. Other methodological (sampling method and effort, taxonomic resolution), biological (body mass, frugivory) and biogeographic (latitude) factors influencedsp50to varying degrees. Future challenges include identifying the mechanisms underpinning the hollow‐curve DAD, its generality beyond vertebrates, and the biological determinants of dietary generalisation.
Financing and governing ecological restoration projects: The Tasmanian Island Ark
Authors: Richardson Benjamin J. , Davidson Neil J. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis article examines the financial and governance dimensions of the Tasmanian Island Ark project, in the Tasmanian Midlands. It focuses on the intervention costs, funding sources and the legal context to financing, including property tenure, negotiated agreements and regulatory requirements. The case study shows that it is not easy to extrapolate financial data from one restoration project to another; however, the types of costs, their relative significance and timing, and legal context can be relevant considerations across diverse projects. The Tasmanian case study helps fill a gap in the literature about the financial side of ecological restoration projects and how planners can prepare for large landscape‐scale interventions. The paper discusses the overarching constraints on environmental restoration practices and then presents the specific costs of restoration activities.
The role of open woodland in mitigating microclimatic extremes in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Baker Thomas P. , Marais Zara E. , Davidson Neil J. , Worledge Dale , Mendham Daniel S. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe retention of native woodland remnants in agricultural landscapes provides a range of benefits, many of which are linked to the ameliorative effects of trees on local microclimatic conditions. We monitored the reduction in wind speed and extreme temperatures that occurred in and around two native eucalypt woodland remnants in the Tasmanian Midlands and discuss the role of woodland remnants in providing both agricultural and environmental benefits. Monitoring wind speed, temperature and relative humidity every 30 min for over a year showed that an average wind speed reduction of 50% occurred within the woodland remnants as well as higher minimum temperatures by up to 0.5 C. The structural characteristics of the woodland remnants mediated the effects observed, with a 50% reduction in wind speed occurring when there was the equivalent of 20 large trees blocking the wind. This demonstrates that areas with low numbers of trees per hectare can have significant impacts on microclimatic conditions. The microclimatic changes observed will likely benefit agricultural productivity, farm aesthetics and ecological processes.
Tasmanian Midlands: A case study of increasing sophistication in conservation planning and action over four decades
Authors: Gilfedder Louise , Appleby Matt W. , Lechner Alex M. , Sprod Daniel , Carter Oberon , Burgess Sebastian , Davidson Neil J. , Harris Rowan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe conservation significance of the Tasmanian Midlands, an agricultural region that is largely privately owned and has suffered significant land degradation and loss of biodiversity, has been recognised since the 1980s. Four decades of conservation planning and implementation has seen the evolution of biodiversity protection, revegetation, bush rehabilitation and climate‐ready habitat restoration. Relationships and trust have been built enabling the development of capacity in the farming community and conservation sector. This paper presents for the first time the chronology of four decades of landscape conservation planning and implementation in the Tasmanian Midlands. Remnant protection, restoration and revegetation efforts have evolved from the site level to landscape scale, leading to a conservation approach incorporating ecological restoration in its broadest sense. Successive iterations saw key initiatives including Midlands Bushweb, Midlandscapes, the Midlands Conservation Fund and the Tasmanian Island Ark project. Spatial tools and models have grown from simple maps and aerial photos to early GIS products including farm plans (revolutionary in their day) and asset maps, to increasingly complex spatial models of corridors using least‐cost path analysis and fine‐scale multi‐species models of functional connectivity. However, critical to success in these challenging agricultural landscapes has been the relationships of trust and collaboration built between local farmers and conservation planners.
Restoring the Midlands of Tasmania: An introduction
Authors: Davidson Neil J. , Bailey Tanya G. , Burgess Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

SummaryAt the dawn of the Anthropocene, with the imminent threat of climate change delivering 3–4°C rise in temperature by the end of the century and biodiversity loss across the globe, restoration projects need to focus on re‐establishing connectivity in vegetation structure at a landscape scale to facilitate the movement of wildlife. To achieve this requires long‐term commitment, robust partnerships and planning and excellent planting technology underpinned by research. In this Special Issue, consisting of 15 papers, we present a multidisciplinary, multi‐institutional, science‐based approach to environmental restoration, focused on a single geographic region, the Midlands of Tasmania. This introductory paper describes the breadth of the material covered in the series and sets the scene for following papers by describing the Midlands, its geography, climate and history, its extraordinary natural values as a biodiversity hotspot, the degree of degradation that has resulted from 200 years of intensive farming and the objectives of the Midlands restoration project. The Midlands also offers opportunities as a model system for landscape scale restoration given it is a circumscribed region, heterogeneous in land forms and land uses. Furthermore, in land management, there is a high level of cooperation between land owners, government departments, environmental agencies and university researchers. We describe how the contributions from a wide range of disciplines can be focused to meet the challenges of ecological restoration in highly altered agricultural landscapes.
Accounting and accountability for the digital transformation of public services
Authors: Agostino Deborah , Bracci Enrico , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the special issue on accounting and accountability for the digital transformation of public services. Papers in special issues offer different perspectives on how digital technologies affect performance management, considering the challenges and opportunities that arise when digital data are collected and translated into a set of measures, the complexity of relying on these digital data to enhance transparency and accountability, and the organizational implications of digital data when used to support public‐sector decision makers in a variety of activities, such as auditing or benchmarking.
Academic women and their children: Parenting during COVID‐19 and the impact on scholarly productivity
Authors: Bender Sara , Brown Kristina S. , Hensley Kasitz Deanna L. , Vega Olga 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe explored the experiences of academic mothers traversing the simultaneous demands of parenting and their professional roles throughout the pandemic to better understand the impact of COVID‐19 on engagement in scholarship.BackgroundIn response to reports of reduced scholarship by women across academic disciplines, the goal of this study was to understand the lived experiences of women scholars who identify as mothers.MethodAcademic women, including faculty and students, completed an online survey with demographic items and open‐ended questions. From the collected data, responses from participants who identified as mothers (n = 51) were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis of the data revealed that participants' roles as parents and scholarly women were inextricably intertwined, each serving as foundational components of their identities, a reality highlighted by the exacerbating stressors associated with COVID‐19. Altered childcare demands, conflicting roles, and relational changes emerged as consequences of the ongoing pandemic, which compromised participants' ability to effectively attend to different aspects of their identity and sometimes resulted in the development of negative emotions.ConclusionParticipants identified additional responsibilities due to the ongoing pandemic. Feeling pulled between their often‐conflicting personal and professional identities, academic mothers cited a lack of supportive professional structures, which became more evident during COVID‐19, as a barrier to their pursuit of scholarship.ImplicationsThis study aligned with previous scholarly documentation of historical gendered bias common within academia. The potential long‐term professional impact of these conflated circumstances on academic mothers during the pandemic is discussed, and implications and recommendations for addressing the same via future research are provided.
Bringing the state seal of biliteracy to higher education: A case for expansion
Authors: Monto Cecelia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractState Seals of Biliteracy (SoBL) are a growing trend and present a promising method of serving an increasingly bilingual population. Currently, state SoBLs have been available almost exclusively at the high school level. An Oregon community college initiated the opportunity for students to study and receive the state SoBL in higher education. The expanded higher education option is important because many students miss the opportunity to receive the SoBL credential in high school. This article introduces background information, describes a model for bringing the state SoBL into higher education, presents preliminary findings, and recommends future work. The model could be replicated by other higher education institutions either wholly or in part to expand opportunities for this important state recognized credential and honor the assets of heritage language speakers. Although this article focuses on the SoBL in Spanish, the model could be tailored to the unique linguistic demographics in other regions.
Dynamic changes in antibiotic resistance genes and gut microbiota afterHelicobacter pylorieradication therapies
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yao Haobin , Tong Teresa , Lau KamShing , Leung Suet Yi , Ho Joshua W. K. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundShort‐term antibiotics exposure is associated with alterations in microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the human gut. While antibiotics are critical in the successful eradication ofHelicobacter pylori, the short‐term and long‐term impacts on the composition and quantity of antibiotics resistance genes afterH. pylorieradication are unclear. This study used whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic of stool samples to characterize the gut microbiota and ARGs, before and afterH. pylorieradication therapy.ResultsForty‐fourH. pylori‐infected patients were recruited, including 21 treatment naïve patients who received clarithromycin‐based triple therapy (CLA group) and 23 patients who failed previous therapies, in which 10 received levofloxacin‐based quadruple therapy (LEVO group) and 13 received other combinations (OTHER group). Stool samples were collected at baseline (before current treatment), 6 week and 6 month after eradication therapy. At baseline, there was only a slight difference among the three groups on ARGs and gut microbiota. After eradication therapy, there was a transient but significant increase in gut ARGs 6 week post‐therapy, among which the LEVO group had the most significant ARGs alteration compared to other two groups. For treatment naïve patients, those with higherErmFabundance were prone to fail CLA eradication and gain more ARGs after treatment. For gut microbiota, the bacteria richness decreased at 6 week and there was a significant difference in microbiota community among the three groups at 6 week.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated the dynamic alterations in gut microbiota and ARGs induced by different eradication therapies, which could influence the choices of antibiotics in eradication therapy.