bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti–Receptor-Binding Domain Immunoglobulin G Antibody as a Predictor of Seropositivity for Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody
Authors: Xue Jian-Hang , Wang Yong-Jing , Li Wei , Li Qiu-Ling , Xu Qiu-Yan , Niu Jian-Jun , Liu Li-Li 
Published: April 2022

Context.—
Neutralizing antibody detection can assess the incidence of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccines. However, commercial reagents for neutralizing antibodies were developed after the anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies. Therefore, some laboratories did not perform neutralizing antibody testing services because of multiple factors.

Objective.—
To find a fast, accurate, and economic alternative for the detection of neutralizing antibodies for the development of COVID-19 screening programs.

Design.—
The response and correlation of 3 antibodies (anti–spike protein neutralizing antibody, total anti–receptor-binding domain [RBD] antibody, and anti-RBD IgG) were determined by observing the dynamics in 61 participants for 160 days after vaccination.

Results.—
The levels of neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibodies reached their peak values on day 42 after vaccination (120.75 IU/mL and 14.38 signal-to-cutoff ratio [S/CO], respectively). The total antibody levels peaked at 138.47 S/CO on day 35 after vaccination. The strongest correlation was found between neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels (r = 0.894, P &lt; .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for total antibody levels for the prediction of seropositivity for neutralizing antibodies was 0.881 (P &lt; .001), and that for anti-RBD IgG antibody levels was 0.937 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions.—
Neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels were strongly correlated, and thus anti-RBD IgG antibody levels can be used for the accurate assessment of immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
eterno e inacabado debate sobre el cuestionado Consejo de la Magistratura de la República Argentina
Authors: Río Fruela 
Published: April 2022

La instauración de un Consejo de la Magistratura en la República de Argentina ha sido fruto de un trabajo lento, cuestionado y cuestionable a día de hoy, donde ha pervivido un clima de confrontación constante entre los tres poderes y el sometimiento férreo del Poder ejecutivo y legislativo al Poder judicial. La ambivalencia del contenido de los arts. 114 y 115, con la reforma constitucional de 1994, ha permitido generar serias dudas sobre la existencia o inexistencia de la independencia judicial y del reconocimiento de las garantías judiciales de un Estado de Derecho. La ley que desarrolla el Consejo de la Magistratura ha sufrido diferentes modificaciones desde su promulgación, algunas de ellas han logrado mejorar en cierta medida el funcionamiento interno del órgano, pero el problema central no se ha resuelto sino que se ha incentivado, porque la reducción de su composición del Consejo de la Magistratura y su excesiva dependencia por parte del Poder ejecutivo hacen peligrar la separación de poderes. Para solventar y mejorar la situación creada no solo se necesita una reforma de los preceptos constitucionales citados sino una despolitización del Consejo de la Magistratura, al igual que una mayor conciencia y voluntad política, empezando por el reconocimiento expreso, a través de la ley, de la separación de poderes y terminando con la no injerencia del Poder ejecutivo,así como del Poder legislativo, frente al judicial. En este trabajo no solo se estudiará el Consejo de la Magistratura, desde todas sus vertientes y extensión, sino que también se incidirá en un órgano realmente llamativo y de dudosa constitucionalidad, el denominado Jurado de Enjuiciamiento.
Identification and analysis of sucrose synthase gene family associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis in Dendrobium catenatum by transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Jiang Min , Li Shangyun , Zhao Changling , Zhao Mingfu , Xu Shaozhong , Wen Guosong 
Published: April 2022

Background
Dendrobium catenatum is a valuable traditional medicinal herb with high commercial value. D. catenatum stems contain abundant polysaccharides which are one of the main bioactive components. However, although some genes related to the synthesis of the polysaccharides have been reported, more key genes need to be further elucidated.

Results
In this study, the contents of polysaccharides and mannose in D. catenatum stems at four developmental stages were compared, and the stems’ transcriptomes were analyzed to explore the synthesis mechanism of the polysaccharides. Many genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolisms were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. Further analysis found that sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) gene maybe participated in the polysaccharide synthesis. Hence, we further investigated the genomic characteristics and evolution relationships of the SUS family in plants. The result suggested that the SUS gene of D. catenatum (DcSUS) had undergone the expansion characterized by tandem duplication which might be related to the enrichment of the polysaccharides in D. catenatum stems. Moreover, expression analyses of the DcSUS displayed significant divergent patterns in different tissues and could be divided into two main groups in the stems with four developmental stages.

Conclusion
In general, our results revealed that DcSUS is likely involved in the metabolic process of the stem polysaccharides, providing crucial clues for exploiting the key genes associated with the polysaccharide synthesis.
Escravos brancos no Brasil oitocentista:
Authors: Rosa Marcus Vinicius de Freitas 
Published: April 2022

As reflexões aqui presentes fazem parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre os significados de ser branco no Brasil escravista. Neste artigo, o objetivo é analisar os sentidos e as práticas envolvidos no aparecimento de escravos brancos que, no contexto das consequências geradas pelo fim do tráfico atlântico, foram vendidos no mercado interno brasileiro e se tornaram conhecidos na imprensa durante a segunda metade do século XIX. São casos que se prestam à investigação acerca dos complexos vínculos estabelecidos entre cor, escravidão e liberdade. De forma mais específica, buscamos analisar os aspectos raciais da linha que estabelecia a separação entre escravos e livres, bem como situar o branco no centro da análise racial, procedimento ainda pouco usual entre historiadores brasileiros.
Induction of cytokines in glial cells surrounding cortical β‐amyloid plaques in transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer pathology
Authors: Mehlhorn Gaby , Hollborn Margrit , Schliebs Reinhard 
Published: July 2002

Abstractβ‐Amyloid plaque deposition observed in brains from Alzheimer patients, might function as immune stimulus for glial/macrophages activation, which is supported by observations of activated microglia expressing interleukin (IL)‐1β and elevated IL‐6 immunoreactivity in close proximity to amyloid plaques. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in β‐amyloid‐mediated inflammation, transgenic mice (Tg2576) expressing high levels of the Swedish double mutation of human amyloid precursor protein and progressively developing typical β‐amyloid plaques in cortical brain regions including gliosis and astrocytosis, were examined for the expression pattern of a number of cytokines.Using ribonuclease protection assay, interleukin (IL)‐1α,‐β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐18, interferon‐γ, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA were not induced in a number of cortical areas of Tg2576 mice regardless of the postnatal ages studied ranging between 2 and 13 months. Using immunocytochemistry for IL‐1α,β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1, only IL‐1β was found to be induced in reactive astrocytes surrounding β‐amyloid deposits detected in 14‐month‐old Tg2576 mice. Using non‐radioactive in situ hybridization glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA was detected to be expressed by reactive astrocytes in close proximity to β‐amyloid plaques. The local immune response detected around cortical β‐amyloid deposits in transgenic Tg2576 mouse brain is seemingly different to that observed in brains from Alzheimer patients but may represent an initial event of chronic neuroinflammation at later stages of the disease.
Development of New Strains for the Food Industry
Authors: Benítez Tahía , Gasent‐Ramírez José María , Castrejón Francisco , Codón Antonio C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis review examines the desired characteristics and possibilities of genetic manipulation of industrial yeasts. Brewing, wine, and distillers' yeasts are characterized by good utilization of sugar, alcohol tolerance and production, flavor and aroma, flocculation, fermentation rate, cropping ratio, ability to utilize trisaccharides, dextrines and starch, rapid onset of fermentation, nonfoaming fermentation, and low H2S production. The characteristics required for a good bakers' yeast include high potential glycolytic activity, ability to adapt rapidly to changing substrates, high invertase activity, high potential maltose fermentation rate and quality in terms of dough fermentation, storage ability, and osmotic resistance to salts and sugars. In all of these cases, the major desirable factors are under genetic control and hence are potentially subject to improvement by genetic manipulation. However, this control is thought to be governed by several, in most cases, unidentified genes. So, although most genetic techniques developed for laboratory yeasts are potentially applicable to the study and improvement of the properties of industrial yeast strains, traits such as homothallism, aberration in mating behavior, polyploidy, aneuploidy, poor sporulation and poor spore viability, etc., make conventional hybridization and isolation of single spore clones more difficult.
Expression of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin Is Superior to Horse Heart Myoglobin or Yeast Flavohemoglobin Expression for Enhancing Escherichiacoli Growth in a Microaerobic Bioreactor
Authors: Kallio Pauli T. , Tsai Philip S. , Bailey James E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExpression of a gene encoding hemoglobin (VHb) from the aerobic bacterium Vitreoscilla sp. in several organisms, including Escherichia coli, has been shown to improve microaerobic cell growth and enhance oxygen‐dependent product formation. The suitability of VHb to enhance microaerobic metabolism has been suggested to depend on its unusual oxygen binding characteristics. To examine whether hemoproteins of other origins can also elicit the positive effects VHb exerts in microaerobic E. coli cells, we subcloned the genes encoding Vitreoscilla VHb, horse heart myoglobin (HMb), and yeast flavohemoglobin (YFb) behind the IPTG‐inducible tac promoter on a medium‐copy‐number vector and transformed these globin‐expression plasmids into E. coli MG1655 and DH5α. Biologically active VHb, HMb, and YFb were produced from these constructions in E. coli as judged by their ability to abduct carbon monoxide. The presence of HMb increased the growth of wild‐type cells during the early stages of fed‐batch growth, but the final optical densities of HMb‐expressing cultures were comparable with the wild‐type control not synthesizing HMb. The presence of VHb increased the cell density by 70% under the same cultivation conditions. The expression of wild‐type YFb reduced the final cell density by 30% relative to the non‐globin‐expressing control.
Dual‐Fractal Analysis for Antigen−Antibody Binding Kinetics for Biosensor Applications
Authors: Sutaria Milind , Sadana Ajit 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe diffusion‐limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody) in solution to antibody (or antigen) immobilized on a biosensor and other surfaces is analyzed within a fractal framework. Often, the binding kinetics may be described by a single‐fractal analysis. In some cases, the binding curve exhibits complexities. Then, for these cases, the dual‐fractal analysis provides an improved fit when compared with a single‐fractal analysis. This indicates a change in the reaction mechanism on the surface. It is of interest to note that the state of disorder (or the fractal dimension) and the binding rate coefficient both increase as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface. For example, for the binding of 10 nM insulin growth factor‐1 in solution to insulin growth factor binding protein‐1 immobilized on a biosensor surface, a 64% increase in the fractal dimension from 1.73 (Df1) to 2.85 (Df2) leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient by a factor of 31.8 from 3.92 (k1) to 125 (k2) . Furthermore, as the IGF‐1 concentration in solution increases from 10 to 80 nM in solution, k2 and Df2 exhibit a linear increase. k1 and Df1 exhibit a linear increase with the reciprocal of the IGF‐1 concentration in solution. The different examples analyzed and presented together provide a means by which the antigen−antibody reactions may be better controlled by noting the magnitude of the changes in the fractal dimension and in the binding rate coefficient as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface. Also, the magnitude of the changes in the binding rate coefficients (k1 and k2) and in the fractal dimensions (Df1 and Df2) as different parameters are changed for the different biosensor applications are of particular value, since they provide us with a measure or extent of changes in the binding rate coefficient on changing different experimental parameter values. It is of interest to note the effect of different parameters on the extent or heterogeneity that exists on the surface and how this influences the binding rate coefficients. This may be one method to help manipulate or control the binding rate coefficients on the reaction surface.
Recovery and Reuse of the Molecular Chaperone GroEL for in Vitro Protein Refolding
Authors: Guise Andrew D. , Chaudhuri Julian B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe chaperones GroEL and GroES from Escherichia coli are known to improve in vitro protein refolding yields. We show that, for the molecular chaperone‐assisted refolding of hen egg white lysozyme, GroES is not an essential requirement and that activity is recovered with GroEL and ATP alone. The refolding yields of lysozyme in the presence of GroEL are much greater than those obtained by dilution because of a reduction in protein aggregation. On the basis of the large difference in molecular weight between the GroEL complex (MW 840 000) and lysozyme (MW 14 600), we have demonstrated that using an ultrafiltration membrane (MW 30 000) GroEL may be easily retained after refolding while lysozyme passes freely into the permeate. The chaperonin recovered from the refolding solution was then reused several times for further refolding experiments. The effectiveness of GroEL‐assisted refolding was found to decrease with reuse, and this has been attributed to a reduction in the GroEL:lysozyme molar ratio.
Experimental demography of rhizome populations of establishing clones ofSolidago altissima
Authors: Meyer Andrea H. , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: July 2002

1Solidago altissimaforms large compact below‐ground rhizome systems. The rhizome systems of 30 genets in a population that had colonized an old‐field in 1984 were mapped yearlyin situfrom 1988 to 1992. Branching angles, lengths and survival of rhizomes, and production of daughter rhizomes, were calculated from digitized maps.2We hypothesized that genets ofS. altissimawould prevent intraclonal crowding by producing longer but fewer rhizomes as they increased in size. In addition, we tested the effects of environmental factors on rhizome dynamics by (i) mowing in late summer, (ii) cutting of rhizome connections, and (iii) removal of close neighbour plants.3Most rhizomes were initiated at an angle of 60°−65° relative to the parent rhizome. Subsequent growth tended towards the parent axis and towards more centrifugal growth. Rhizome angles were not influenced by any treatment.4In control genets, rhizome density increased 1.3‐fold from March 1988 to March 1992. The number of newly produced rhizomes per genet decreased and their length increased from 1988 to 1992. Longer rhizomes had a higher survival probability than shorter rhizomes did. The number of newly produced rhizomes per parent rhizome was positively correlated with mean rhizome length per genet.5Mowing strongly decreased rhizome density from 1988 to 1992, mainly due to reduced production of new rhizomes.6Rhizome cutting led to a slight decline in the rhizome population and to shorter lengths of rhizomes in their second year compared with controls.7The removal of close neighbour plants led to increased rhizome densities. These rhizomes grew longer than controls in unmown plots and shorter in mown plots and had higher probabilities of surviving into their second year.8Yearly mowing could successfully prevent the further spread ofS. altissimabecause it acts on rhizome and shoot dynamics as well as on seed output.
CYCLOSPORIN A (CyA) MONITOrING BY CALCULATION OF AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC)
Authors: D Goodman , D DeCaneva R Power , B Murphy , J Agar 
Published: July 2002

Background The introduction of CyA resulted in a significant prolongation in renal transplant survival but was complicated by the difficulty in distinguishing between transplant rejection and drug toxicity. More recently the conversion of stable transplant recipients to the microemulsion form of CyA resulted in significant nephrotoxicity at trough levels that were previously within the therapeutic range. We have studied AUC determinations as an alternative to trough monitoring for transplant recipients.Methods Fifty five renal transplant recipients underwent venesection prior to administration of their morning CyA dose (Pre) then 2 hours after the dose (post). The Pre (C0) and the post (C2) CyA levels were determined using the AXSYM system (Abbot) then the AUC determined from the equation where AUC = 1.84 X C0 + 4.39 X C2 + 312.66 (Keown et al 1996). Two or more AUC determinations were performed in 13 patients. The serum creatinine (Cr), age, sex, weight, CyA dose, calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft and Gault) and history of rejection were recorded at the time of CyA assay.Results 63 patient were studied (41 males & 22 females). The average age was 46 years (range 20‐72). The mean serum creatinine was 0.168 (range 0.07‐0.415). The C2 was the major determinant of the AUC with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 (R squared). The C0 had a weaker correlation with AUC (R squared 0.34). Serum Cr, total CyA dose, dose/kg did not correlate significantly with AUC. In individual patients who underwent multiple AUC determinations there was insufficient data to correlate with renal function.Conclusion The strong correlation between C2 and AUC suggests that a single 2 h CyA estimation is sufficient to determination the AUC using the equation AUC = 4.6 X C2 + 432. This will permit further studies of the role of CyA AUC to optimise immunosuppressive therapy without doubling the number and cost of CyA determinations.
Mad talk: attending to the language of distress
Authors: Crowe Marie , Alavi Christine 
Published: July 2002

This paper will examine how the narrative of one woman, Madeleine, can be constructed as symptomatic of the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and how it can also be read from other perspectives, particularly a poststructural feminist one. The readings are presented as possibilities for understanding the woman’s experiences and the implications of this for mental health nursing practice. A poststructural feminist reading acknowledges the gendered experiences of subjectivity and how those experiences are constructed in language.The purpose of this paper is to identify for mental health nursing practice an approach which recognizes the figurative and literal characteristics of language in order to provide nursing care which positions the individual’s experience of mental distress as central. This requires an acknowledgement of Madeleine’s path into mental distress rather than simply a categorization of what is observed in a clinical setting. Intervention may need to include a range of strategies: medical and nonmedical, psychotherapeutic and social, physical and environmental. It may also require the provision of sanctuary and security whilst these options are explored.
The α1L‐adrenoceptor subtype in the lower urinary tract: a comparison of human urethra and prostate
Authors: Fukasawa  , Taniguchi  , Moriyama  , Ukai  , Yamazaki  , Ueki  , Kameyama  , Kimura  , Kawabe  
Published: July 2002

Objective To identify the α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes present in the human urethra, by comparing the affinity of prazosin for α1‐adrenoceptors in the rabbit, dog and human prostatic urethra, and in the dog and human prostate.Materials and methods The study comprised samples of human prostate and prostatic urethra, obtained by open prostatectomy of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and of the proximal urethra and prostate from male Beagle dogs and rabbits. Specimens were homogenized, filtered and pelleted by centrifugation. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 1 mmol/L prazosin when assessing [3H]YM‐617 (tamsulosin) binding, and 10 mmol/L phentolamine when assessing [3H]prazosin binding. Specific binding was defined as the difference between total binding and nonspecific binding.Results The dissociation constant for [3H]prazosin in the human prostate (0.088 nmol/L) was less than that in the rabbit urethra (0.299 nmol/L), dog urethra (0.604 nmol/L), dog prostate (0.482 nmol/L) and human urethra (0.254 nmol/L). The affinity of prazosin was also investigated by determining the potency of the inhibition of [3H]YM‐617 binding. The affinity of prazosin for α1‐adrenoceptors in the human urethra (Ki, 2.5 nmol/L) was lower than its affinity for α1‐adrenoceptors in the human prostate (Ki, 0.25 nmol/L) and all of the cloned subtypes (Ki, 0.26–0.44 nmol/L).Conclusion The α1L‐adrenoceptor subtype is more prominent in the human, rabbit and dog urethra and dog prostate than in the human prostate.