bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Routing in Sparse and Lightweight Geometric Graphs
Authors: Ashvinkumar Vikrant , Gudmundsson Joachim , Levcopoulos Christos , Nilsson Bengt J. , Renssen André van 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnline routing in a planar embedded graph is central to a number of fields and has been studied extensively in the literature. For most planar graphs no O(1)-competitive online routing algorithm exists. A notable exception is the Delaunay triangulation for which Bose and Morin (SIAM J Comput 33(4):937–951, 2004) showed that there exists an online routing algorithm that is O(1)-competitive. However, a Delaunay triangulation can have $$\varOmega (n)$$

Ω
(
n
)

vertex degree and a total weight that is a linear factor greater than the weight of a minimum spanning tree. We show a simple construction, given a set V of n points in the Euclidean plane, of a planar geometric graph on V that has small weight (within a constant factor of the weight of a minimum spanning tree on V), constant degree, and that admits a local routing strategy that is O(1)-competitive. Moreover, the technique used to bound the weight works generally for any planar geometric graph whilst preserving the admission of an O(1)-competitive routing strategy.
Partikelbruchvorhersage an einem dynamischen Übergabesystem und Vergleich mit einer herkömmlichen Schurre mittels DEM
Authors: Denzel Michael , Prenner Michael 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Reduktion des Partikelbruchs wird eine dynamische Übergabevorrichtung „FlowScrape“ vorgestellt, die aus mehreren zu einer Muldung zusammengeführten gleichlaufenden Gummiketten besteht und mittels Reibrad am abführenden Gurt angetrieben wird. Um den partikelschonenden Effekt zu quantifizieren, wurden vergleichende Versuche mit einer herkömmlichen Übergabeschurre als Referenz durchgeführt. Die Versuche wurden je nach Größenfraktion jeweils mit 10 kg bzw. 5 kg Hochofensinter durchgeführt und zeigen eine deutliche Reduktion des Partikelbruchs. Vor allem die Feinmaterialerzeugung konnte reduziert werden. Die Feinmaterialerzeugung bei Übergabe mit dem „FlowScrape“ reduziert sich um annähernd 50 % gegenüber der herkömmlichen Übergabeschurre. Zusätzlich wurden beide Übergabesysteme mithilfe der DEM simuliert. Ein Modell zur Vorhersage des Partikelbruchs wurde vorgestellt, welches auf den Spitzenwerten der Kontaktkraft jedes einzelnen Partikels basiert und mithilfe von Bruchversuchen kalibriert wurde. Die Bruchversuche wurden mit einem speziell entwickelten automatischen Prüfstand zur Einzelpartikelbruchprüfung durchgeführt, welcher eine effiziente Analyse der Bruchcharakteristik von Schüttgütern ermöglicht. Die Ergebnisse der Partikelbruchvorhersage mittels Simulation weichen bei den kleineren Größenfraktionen inklusive Feinmaterial nur geringfügig von den Versuchsergebnissen ab. Bei den größeren Fraktionen kommt es aber teilweise zu signifikanten Abweichungen von den Versuchsergebnissen. Deshalb wird derzeit mithilfe eines anderen Ansatzes ein neues Partikelbruchmodell für die DEM entwickelt, welches es ermöglicht den Partikelbruch selbst zu simulieren und somit eine höhere Genauigkeit erzielt werden kann.
Überlegungen zu einer risikoangepassten Betrachtungsweise in der Raumplanung
Authors: Steinbrunner Barbara , Wenk Martin , Fuchs Sven 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Raumplanung kommt aufgrund ihres präventiven Charakters und durch ihren Einfluss auf die räumliche Verteilung und Intensität von Nutzungen eine zunehmend bedeutende Rolle im Naturgefahrenmanagement zu. Im Sinne der vorausschauenden Planung sollte eine an die Naturgefahren angepasste Flächennutzung forciert werden, mit dem Ziel, das Schadensrisiko zu reduzieren. Dabei ist der Ansatz einer risikoangepassten Raumplanung relativ neu, denn die derzeitigen Raumnutzungsentscheidungen sind in der Regel gefahrenorientiert und werden überwiegend von den Gefahrenzonenplänen abgeleitet. Die Berücksichtigung des bestehenden Restrisikos im Wirkungsbereich von technischen Schutzanlagen spielt bislang, nicht zuletzt aufgrund von fehlenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, in der Raumplanung bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dieser Artikel stellt einen Entscheidungsbaum vor, der für die Abwägung von Baulandwidmungen und Bauführungen im Wirkungsbereich von Schutzmaßnahmen herangezogen werden kann, um eine risikoangepasste Betrachtungsweise in der Raumplanung zu stärken und so zu einer Vermeidung neuer Risiken beizutragen.
An integrated fluid–structure interaction and thrombosis model for type B aortic dissection
Authors: Chong Mei Yan , Gu Boram , Armour Chlöe Harriet , Dokos Socrates , Ong Zhi Chao , Xu Xiao Yun , Lim Einly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFalse lumen thrombosis (FLT) in typeBaortic dissection has been associated with the progression of dissection and treatment outcome. Existing computational models mostly assume rigid wall behavior which ignores the effect of flap motion on flow and thrombus formation within the FL. In this study, we have combined a fully coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approach with a shear-driven thrombosis model described by a series of convection–diffusion reaction equations. The integrated FSI-thrombosis model has been applied to an idealized dissection geometry to investigate the interaction between vessel wall motion and growing thrombus. Our simulation results show that wall compliance and flap motion can influence the progression of FLT. The main difference between the rigid and FSI models is the continuous development of vortices near the tears caused by drastic flap motion up to 4.45 mm. Flap-induced high shear stress and shear rates around tears help to transport activated platelets further to the neighboring region, thus speeding up thrombus formation during the accelerated phase in the FSI models. Reducing flap mobility by increasing the Young’s modulus of the flap slows down the thrombus growth. Compared to the rigid model, the predicted thrombus volume is 25% larger using the FSI-thrombosis model with a relatively mobile flap. Furthermore, our FSI-thrombosis model can capture the gradual effect of thrombus growth on the flow field, leading to flow obstruction in the FL, increased blood viscosity and reduced flap motion. This model is a step closer toward simulating realistic thrombus growth in aortic dissection, by taking into account the effect of intimal flap and vessel wall motion.
Increased Gal-3BP plasma levels in hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gallo Valentina ,   ISERC-Team, Reis Ana , Miranda André , Martins Carolina , Serre-Miranda Cláudia , Nobrega Claudia , Silva Carolina S. , Sarmento Helena , Cotter Jorge , Canto-Gomes João , Palha Joana , Peixoto Pedro , Barreira-Silva Palmira , Sousa João Carlos , Correia-Neves Margarida , Formigo Mariana , Vieira Neide , Cunha Pedro G. , Roque Susana , Gentile Roberta , Antonini Giovanni , Iacobelli Stefano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly turned into a health, financial and societal problem globally. The complex pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus centers on the unpredictable clinical progression of the disease, which may evolve abruptly and results in critical and life-threatening clinical complications. Effective laboratory biomarkers that can classify patients according to risk of progression to severe disease are essential for ensuring timely treatment. Gal-3BP is a human secreted protein with innate immune functions, which is upregulated in viral infections, promotes inflammation and has been shown to induce IL-6 expression. In this study, Gal-3BP plasma levels were measured retrospectively in a cohort of 84 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These were classified as having either “non-severe” or “severe” disease. Compared to healthy controls, Gal-3BP plasma levels were markedly increased in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the levels were higher in severe than in non-severe patients (P < 0.05). As expected, patients with severe disease had plasma levels of IL-6 higher than patients with non-severe disease (P < 0.01). In non-severe disease patients, Gal-3BP levels collected at a late stage (13.3 + 5.7 days after the first positive PCR result) were significantly lower than those collected at an early stage (4.2 + 2.9 days form the first positive PCR result). Larger prospective analyses are needed to strength our understanding of the prognostic utility of Gal-3BP in COVID-19 patients.
Juvenile polyposis diagnosed with an integrated histological, immunohistochemical and molecular approach identifying new SMAD4 pathogenic variants
Authors: Mafficini Andrea , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Piredda Maria L. , Conti Cristian , Mattiolo Paola , Turri Giulia , Mastrosimini Maria G. , Cingarlini Sara , Crinò Stefano F. , Fassan Matteo , Piccoli Paola , Simbolo Michele , Nottegar Alessia , Lawlor Rita T. , Guglielmi Alfredo , Scarpa Aldo , Pedrazzani Corrado , Luchini Claudio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJuvenile polyposis (JP) is a rare familial syndrome characterized by the development of numerous hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract and by an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. It follows a pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance and is associated with germline variants of SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes. Differential diagnosis may be difficult based on histology alone, due to morphological similarities to other familial syndromes. Here we report a case of familial JP diagnosed in a 50-years woman with a familial history positive for gastrointestinal cancers and other tumor types. The patient presented with severe iron deficiency anemia and showed numerous polyps in the stomach and jejunum according to endoscopy and imaging. She underwent an intra-gastric laparoscopic removal of the major gastric polyp, followed by jejunal exploration and resection of a segment with multiple neoformations. Histological examination revealed the presence of hamartomatous polyposis. Gastric and intestinal samples were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Molecular analysis showed that the patient harbored a germline splicing site variant of SMAD4, c.1139 + 3A > G, which was complemented by different somatic variants of the same gene in the different polyps. Immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 confirmed loss of protein expression in the polyps, with regular expression in normal cells. cDNA sequencing further confirmed the findings. We thus definitively diagnosed the woman as having JP thanks to an integrated approach based on histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. The identified variants, all previously reported as variants of unknown significance, were classified as pathogenic as they complemented each other leading to SMAD4 loss.
Fatigue fracture morphology of AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing
Authors: Macek Wojciech , Martins Rui F. , Branco Ricardo , Marciniak Zbigniew , Szala Mirosław , Wroński Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper focuses on researching the effect of fatigue loading on metallic structure, lifetime, and fracture surface topographies in AISI H13 steel specimens obtained by selective laser melting (SLM). The topography of the fracture surfaces was measured over their entire area, according to the entire total area method, with an optical three-dimensional surface measurement system. The fatigue results of the SLM 3D printed steel specimens were compared with those reported for conventionally manufactured 13H steel. The investigation also considers the roughness of the specimens’ side surface. Moreover, the fractographic evaluation conducted using scanning electron microscopy confirms that the predominant fracture mechanism is transgranular fracture. Microtomography done after mechanical loading also showed the influence of the stress level on the porosity distribution. Both fractographic and Micro-CT investigations confirm that higher stresses result in coarser and much more uniform porosity observed in fractured samples. These comprehensive quantitative and qualitative fracture analyses are beneficial to predict the failure conditions of SLM steel parts, especially in the case of fatigue damage. From the quantitative analysis of the H13 SLM-manufactured fracture surface topography, it was possible to conclude that the larger the loadings acting on the specimen, the rougher the fracture surface because the ductile fracture mode dominates. It has also been proven that the porosity degree changes along the length of the sample for the most stressed specimens.
Improving automated visual fault inspection for semiconductor manufacturing using a hybrid multistage system of deep neural networks
Authors: Schlosser Tobias , Friedrich Michael , Beuth Frederik , Kowerko Danny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the semiconductor industry, automated visual inspection aims to improve the detection and recognition of manufacturing defects by leveraging the power of artificial intelligence and computer vision systems, enabling manufacturers to profit from an increased yield and reduced manufacturing costs. Previous domain-specific contributions often utilized classical computer vision approaches, whereas more novel systems deploy deep learning based ones. However, a persistent problem in the domain stems from the recognition of very small defect patterns which are often in the size of only a few $$\mu $$
μ
m and pixels within vast amounts of high-resolution imagery. While these defect patterns occur on the significantly larger wafer surface, classical machine and deep learning solutions have problems in dealing with the complexity of this challenge. This contribution introduces a novel hybrid multistage system of stacked deep neural networks (SH-DNN) which allows the localization of the finest structures within pixel size via a classical computer vision pipeline, while the classification process is realized by deep neural networks. The proposed system draws the focus over the level of detail from its structures to more task-relevant areas of interest. As the created test environment shows, our SH-DNN-based multistage system surpasses current approaches of learning-based automated visual inspection. The system reaches a performance (F1-score) of up to 99.5%, corresponding to a relative improvement of the system’s fault detection capabilities by 8.6-fold. Moreover, by specifically selecting models for the given manufacturing chain, runtime constraints are satisfied while improving the detection capabilities of currently deployed approaches.
A framework for establishing a rapid ‘Ōhi‘a death resistance program
Authors: Luiz Blaine C. , Giardina Christian P. , Keith Lisa M. , Jacobs Douglass F. , Sniezko Richard A. , Hughes Marc A. , Friday James B. , Cannon Philip , Hauff Robert , Francisco Kainana , Chau Marian M. , Dudley Nicklos , Yeh Aileen , Asner Gregory , Martin Roberta E. , Perroy Ryan , Tucker Brian J. , Evangelista ʻAleʻalani , Fernandez Veronica , Martins-Keliʻihoʻomalu Chloe , Santos Kirie , Ohara Rebekah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetrosideros polymorphaGaud. (‘ōhi‘a) is the most abundant native forest tree in Hawai‘i and a keystone species of cultural, ecological, and economic importance. ‘Ōhi‘a forests, particularly on Hawaiʻi Island, are being severely impacted by Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death (ROD), which is caused by the fungal pathogensCeratocystis lukuohiaandC. huliohia. ROD is characterized by branch dieback, crown wilting, and mortality. Initial disease resistance screening of four varieties ofM. polymorphawithC. lukuohiademonstrated that varieties may differ in susceptibility. Several survivors of field or screening-based infections still exist, providing strong impetus for the establishment of the ‘Ōhiʻa Disease Resistance Program (ʻŌDRP). Here, we outline a framework for guiding the ʻŌDRP throughout the process of identifying and developing ROD resistance inM. polymorphaand, possibly, all HawaiianMetrosiderosspecies. Core ʻŌDRP projects include: (1) evaluating and operationalizing methods for greenhouse-based production and screening of test plants; (2) greenhouse screening of seedlings and rooted cuttings sampled from nativeMetrosiderosthroughout Hawaiʻi; (3) establishing field trials to validate results from greenhouse assays; (4) understanding environmental and genetic drivers of resistance to characterize the durability of resistance to ROD; (5) developing remote sensing and molecular methods to rapidly detect ROD-resistant individuals; and (6) conducting breeding trials to improve the degree and durability of ROD resistance. Ultimately, the ʻŌDRP seeks to produce ROD-resistant material for the perpetuation ofM. polymorphaacross Hawai‘i, with the goal of preserving the ecology, culture, and communities that are dependent on this tree species.
Predictors of EQ-5D-3L outcomes amongst injured Māori: 1-year post-injury findings from a New Zealand cohort study
Authors: Maclennan Brett , Wyeth Emma , Samaranayaka Ari , Derrett Sarah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Māori, the Indigenous population of New Zealand (NZ), are at higher risk of problems with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 12 months following injury. This paper examines pre-injury sociodemographic and health characteristics and injury-related factors, including healthcare access, and their association with HRQoL outcomes 12 months after injury.

Methods
The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study recruited 2856 injured New Zealanders aged 18–64 years from the entitlement claims register of the country’s no-fault injury insurance agency. One-fifth (n = 566) of the cohort were Māori. Information on predictors and outcomes, with the exception of injury and hospitalisation, was obtained directly from participants at approximately 3 and 12 months post-injury. The outcomes of interest were responses to the five dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L and a dichotomous measure obtained by summing scored responses to each question. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify predictors of each outcome at 12 months post-injury.

Results
Predictors differed by outcome. Being female, experiencing EQ-5D-3L problems pre-injury, having ≥ 2 chronic conditions pre-injury, perceiving one’s injury to be a threat of long-term disability, and having trouble accessing health services for injury were common predictors of EQ-5D-3L problems at 12 months post-injury for Māori.

Conclusion
Opportunities exist to improve HRQoL outcomes by identifying individuals in the early stages of injury recovery who may benefit from further treatment and support.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Scientific Reasoning Competencies: Analysing the Impact of Contributing Factors
Authors: Krell Moritz , Khan Samia , Vergara Claudia , Cofré Hernán , Mathesius Sabrina , Krüger Dirk 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scientific reasoning competencies (SRC) are one part of science teachers’ professional competencies. This study examines the contribution of three factors to the development of pre-service science teachers’ SRC: the amount of science education classes, the amount of science classes and the pre-service science teachers’ age. The factors amount of science education classes and amount of science classes have been operationalised in terms of ECTS credit points. N = 438 pre-service science teachers from six universities in Germany, Chile and Canada voluntarily and anonymously responded to an established multiple-choice instrument for assessing SRC, which has been developed by the authors and is available in German, Spanish and English. Multiple linear regression analyses show that the included factors explain a proportion of about 9% of the pre-service science teachers’ SRC. The factor amount of science classes is the only significant predictor and can be seen as an indicator of learning science content knowledge. These findings support the assumption of science content knowledge being a prerequisite for developing pre-service science teachers’ SRC.
Combined Management of Groundwater Resources and Water Supply Systems at Basin Scale Under Climate Change
Authors: Felisa Giada , Panini Giulio , Pedrazzoli Pietro , Di Federico Vittorio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater stress conditions associated with population growth, climate change, and groundwater contamination, represent a significant challenge for all stakeholders in the water sector. Increasing the resilience of Water Supply Systems (WSSs) becomes of fundamental importance: along with an adequate level of service, sustainability targets must be ensured. A long-term management strategy is strictly connected to a holistic approach, based on analyses at different scales. To this end, both groundwater modeling tools and water management models, with different spatial and temporal scales, are routinely and independently employed. Here, we propose a coupled approach combining: i) groundwater models (MODFLOW) to investigate different stress scenarios, involving climate change and anthropic activities; ii) water management models (Aquator), to assess the water resources availability and the best long-term management strategy for large-scale WSS. The management models are implemented starting from input and output flows derived by groundwater models: this leads to establish a comprehensive framework usually not defined in management models and including a quantitative characterization of the aquifer. The proposed methodology, general and applicable to any study area, is here implemented to the WSS of Reggio Emilia Province, and its main groundwater resource, the Enza aquifer, considering three different stress scenarios for groundwater models (BAU, ST1, and ST2), and for management strategies (BAU, BAURV2, ST2). Among the key results, we observe that coupling the two model types: i) allows evaluating water resources availability in connection with management rules; ii) leads to examining more realistic operation choices; iii) permits planning of infrastructures at basin scale.
Moral Responsibility for Self-Deluding Beings
Authors: Franz David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I argue for four theses. First, libertarian and compatibilist accounts of moral responsibility agree that the capability of practical reason is the central feature of moral responsibility. Second, this viewpoint leads to a reasons-focused account of human behavior. Examples of human action discussed in debates about moral responsibility suggest that typical human actions are driven primarily by the agent’s subjective reasons and are sufficiently transparent for the agent. Third, this conception of self-transparent action is a questionable idealization. As shown by psychological research on self-assessment, motivated reasoning, and terror management theory, humans oftentimes have only a limited understanding of their conduct. Self-deception is rather the rule than the exception. Fourth, taking the limited self-transparency of practical reason seriously leads to a socially contextualized conception of moral responsibility.