bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of National Early Warning Scores (NEWS2) and component physiology in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre study
Authors: Scott Lauren J , Tavaré Alison , Hill Elizabeth M , Jordan Lesley , Juniper Mark , Srivastava Seema , Redfern Emma , Little Hannah , Pullyblank Anne 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNational Early Warning Scores (NEWS2) are used to detect all-cause deterioration. While studies have looked at NEWS2, the use of virtual consultation and remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19 mean there is a need to know which physiological observations are important.AimTo investigate the relationship between outcome and NEWS2, change in NEWS2 and component physiology in COVID-19 inpatients.MethodsA multi-centre retrospective study of electronically recorded, routinely collected physiological measurements between March and June 2020. First and maximum NEWS2, component scores and outcomes were recorded. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for 2-day, 7-day and 30-day mortality were calculated.ResultsOf 1263 patients, 26% died, 7% were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) before discharge and 67% were discharged without ICU. Of 1071 patients with initial NEWS2, most values were low: 50% NEWS2=0–2, 27% NEWS2=3–4, 14% NEWS2=5–6 and 9% NEWS2=7+. Maximum scores were: 14% NEWS2=0–2, 22% NEWS2=3–4, 17% NEWS2=5–6 and 47% NEWS2=7+. Higher first and maximum scores were predictive of mortality, ICU admission and longer length of stay. AUCs based on 2-day, 7-day, 30-day and any hospital mortality were 0.77 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.84), 0.70 (0.65 to 0.74), 0.65 (0.61 to 0.68) and 0.65 (0.61 to 0.68), respectively. The AUCs for 2-day mortality were 0.71 (0.65 to 0.77) for supplemental oxygen, 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) oxygen saturation and 0.64 (0.56 to 0.73) respiratory rate.ConclusionWhile respiratory parameters were most predictive, no individual parameter was as good as a full NEWS2, which is an acceptable predictor of short-term mortality in patients with COVID-19. This supports recommendation to use NEWS2 alongside clinical judgement to assess patients with COVID-19.
Residential mobility and potentially avoidable hospitalisations in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children
Authors: Nathan Kim , Robertson Oliver , Atatoa Carr Polly , Howden-Chapman Philippa , Pierse Nevil 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundResidential moves are common in early childhood and associations have been found between residential mobility and adverse child health and well-being outcomes. Although there are studies on potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH) in children, few have examined PAH in relation to residential mobility. Our aim, therefore, was to investigate residential mobility and PAH in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children.MethodsUsing a retrospective cohort design, we analysed data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure for a cohort of 314 283 children born since the start of 2004, who had at least one residential address recorded by 2 years of age. Residential mobility was derived from address data and PAH were determined from hospital discharge data.ResultsHalf of the cohort children (52%) experienced at least one residential move by 2 years of age, and 22% experienced two or more moves. Fifteen per cent of the cohort experienced one or more PAH between 2 and 4 years of age. A linear association between residential mobility and PAH was found (relative risk (RR)=1.18, CI 1.17 to 1.19) and this remained robust when adjusting for several covariates. Sensitivity analyses for ambulatory care sensitive hospitalisations (ACSH) and PAH attributable to the housing/physical environment (PAH-HE) produced results very similar to those for PAH (ACSH: adjusted RR (aRR)=1.10, CI 1.09 to 1.11; PAH-HE: aRR=1.11, CI 1.10 to 1.12).ConclusionThis study found a linear association between higher residential mobility and an increased likelihood of PAH in young children. Avenues for further investigation are suggested.
Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with pre-morbid disability: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bala Fouzi , Beland Benjamin , Mistry Eva , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Goyal Mayank , Ganesh Aravind 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTrials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute stroke have excluded patients with pre-morbid disability. Observational studies may help inform consideration of EVT in this population. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of EVT in patients with pre-morbid disability.MethodsAccording to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies describing outcomes in patients with pre-morbid disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 2–5), treated with EVT or medical management (MM). Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool outcomes including 90-day return to baseline mRS, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.ResultsWe analyzed 14 studies of patients with pre-morbid disability (mRS 2–5, 1373 EVT and 253 MM). The rate of return to baseline mRS was 30.0% (95% CI 25.3% to 34.7%) in patients treated with EVT. Compared with medical therapy, EVT was associated with a higher likelihood of return to baseline mRS (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.04) and a trend towards lower mortality (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.02), with similar odds of sICH (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.49 to 2.08). In studies comparing patients with versus without pre-morbid disability treated with EVT, similar results were found except that pre-morbid disability, when defined more strictly as mRS 3–5, was associated with mortality (OR 3.49, p<0.001).ConclusionIn eligible patients with pre-morbid disability, observational studies suggest that EVT carries a higher chance of return to baseline mRS compared with patients treated with MM or without pre-morbid disability, although with higher mortality than patients without pre-morbid disability. These findings argue against the routine exclusion of such patients from EVT and merit validation with randomized trials.
$$\alpha $$-event characterization and rejection in point-contact HPGe detectors
Authors: Arnquist I. J. , Avignone F. T. , Barabash A. S. , Barton C. J. , Bertrand F. E. , Blalock E. , Bos B. , Busch M. , Buuck M. , Caldwell T. S. , Chan Y.-D. , Christofferson C. D. , Chu P.-H. , Clark M. L. , Cuesta C. , Detwiler J. A. , Drobizhev A. , Edwards T. R. , Edwins D. W. , Edzards F. , Efremenko Y. , Elliott S. R. , Gilliss T. , Giovanetti G. K. , Green M. P. , Gruszko J. , Guinn I. S. , Guiseppe V. E. , Haufe C. R. , Hegedus R. J. , Henning R. , Aguilar D. Hervas , Hoppe E. W. , Hostiuc A. , Kim I. , Kouzes R. T. , Lopez A. M. , López-Castaño J. M. , Martin E. L. , Martin R. D. , Massarczyk R. , Meijer S. J. , Mertens S. , Myslik J. , Oli T. K. , Othman G. , Pettus W. , Poon A. W. P. , Radford D. C. , Rager J. , Reine A. L. , Rielage K. , Ruof N. W. , Saykı B. , Schönert S. , Stortini M. J. , Tedeschi D. , Varner R. L. , Vasilyev S. , Wilkerson J. F. , Willers M. , Wiseman C. , Xu W. , Yu C.-H. , Zhu B. X. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractP-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector’s response to $$\alpha $$
α
particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p$$^+$$

+

surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the MajoranaDemonstrator experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) in $$^{76}$$

76

Ge. $$\alpha $$
α
decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of $$\alpha $$
α
identification, reliably identifying $$\alpha $$
α
background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface $$\alpha $$
α
events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the MajoranaDemonstrator and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment.
Comparative In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Carbon Dot-Based Organometallic Nanoconjugates: Exploration of Their Cell Proliferation, Uptake, and Localization in Cancerous and Normal Cells
Authors: Priyadarshini Eepsita , Meena Ramovatar , Bohidar Himadri B. , Sharma Saurabh Kumar , Abdellattif Magda H. , Saravanan Muthupandian , Rajamani Paulraj 
Published: March 2022

Organometallic nanoconjugates have raised great interest due to their bimodal properties and high stability. In the present study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity property of carbon dots (CDs) and a series of organometallic nanoconjugates including gold@carbon dots (Au@CDs) and silver@carbon dots (Ag@CDs) synthesized via an aqueous mode. We aimed to divulge a comparative analysis of cell proliferation, uptake, and localization of the particles in HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. Our results showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Au@CDs, Ag@CDs, and CDs. However, Ag@CDs showed the highest inhibition through HeLa cells with an IC50 value of around

50
±
1.0

μg/mL. Confocal imaging signified the uptake of the particles suggested by blue fluorescence in the interior region of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the TEM micrographs depicted that the particles are entrapped by endocytosis assisted through the cell microvilli. The CDs and Au@CDs were thus observed to be relatively safe up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL and did not induce any morphological changes in the cells. Moreover, the cell proliferation assay of these nanoconjugates against HEK 293 cells signified the nontoxic nature of the nanoconjugates. The results thus revealed two major facts: firstly, the Ag@CDs had potent therapeutic potential, signifying their potential as a promising anticancer drug, and secondly, the CDs and Au@CDs at a defined dose could be used as probes for detection and also bioimaging agents.
On the Twentieth Anniversary of Dendritic Cell Vaccines – Riding the Next Wave
Authors: Linette Gerald P. , Carreno Beatriz M. 
Published: March 2022

In the mid 1990's, a convergence of discoveries in dendritic cell (DC) biology and tumor antigen identification led investigators to study DCs as adjuvants for cancer vaccines. On the twentieth anniversary of a seminal clinical study by Jacques Banchereau and colleagues, we revisit the key events that prompted the initial wave of DC vaccine clinical studies and lessons learned that, in our opinion, helped forge the path for the field that we now call immuno-oncology. It is essential to recall that prior to the discovery of immune checkpoint therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, skepticism prevailed regarding the potential therapeutic benefit of immunotherapies. In hindsight, we can now appreciate how the early DC cancer vaccine trials helped investigators sustain their attention on adaptive immunity specific for malignant cells. These vaccines demonstrated clear evidence for induction of antigen-specific T cells and were well tolerated despite low rates of objective clinical response. In the context of the current era some 20 years later, harnessing DC vaccines has been shown to increase the breadth and diversity of tumor-specific T cells, and by trafficking to sites of metastases promote an inflamed tumor microenvironment.
See related article by Banchereau and colleagues, Cancer Res 2001; 61:6451–8
Lung Cancer Cell of Origin: Controversy and Clinical Translational Implications
Authors: Osborne Jihan K. , Minna John D. 
Published: March 2022

Identifying the cell(s) of origin for lung cancer including detecting their expansion during “field cancerization” and understanding how to therapeutically target them for beneficial chemoprevention is an urgent need. In this issue of Cancer Research, Yin and colleagues provide new and potentially controversial information to this question using Gprc5a knockout genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma. Prior research identified several different cell types including resident lung stem/progenitor such as alveolar type II cells as well as terminally differentiated cells as candidates for the cancer-initiating cell. Yin and colleagues provide new information that the cancer-initiating cell in this model is the bronchioalveolar stem cell.
See related article by Yin et al., p. 1025
Vitamin C Improves the Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Alters Shedding of Syndecan‐1 and p38/MAPK Phosphorylation in a Rat Model
Authors: Xiao Yan , Su Chenglei , Zhang Guozhen , Liang Lian , Jin Tao , Bradley Jennifer , Ornato Joseph P. , Tang Wanchun 
Published: March 2022

Background
Post‐resuscitation syndrome, involves a severe inflammatory response following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The potential mechanism of Vitamin C (VitC) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation on myocardial and cerebral function, duration of survival is undefined.

Methods and Results

A first set of experiments were done in 18 male Sprague‐Dawley rats for the investigation of short‐term follow‐up, randomized into 3 groups: (1) sham; (2) controls; (3) VitC. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 6 minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compression and mechanical ventilation were then initiated and continued for 8 minutes followed by defibrillation. At 5 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation, either VitC (200 mg/kg) or placebo was administered by intravenous infusion with a syringe pump for half an hour. There were significant improvements in myocardial function and buccal microcirculation in rats treated with VitC after return of spontaneous circulation 4 hours compared with controls. VitC inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α), SDC‐1 (Syndecan‐1), and hyaluronic acid in plasma compared with controls (
P
<0.01). VitC decreased reactive oxygen species production and inhibited p38/MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) pathway phosphorylation. A second set with 20 animals was used for assessing the neurological deficit score after return of spontaneous circulation 72 hours, randomized into 2 groups: 1) controls; 2) VitC. The survival rate and neurological deficit score after return of spontaneous circulation 72 hours were improved in VitC‐treated animals compared with those of the control group.

Conclusions
VitC reduces the severity of post‐resuscitation myocardial and cerebral dysfunction and improves the survival. The mechanisms may involve inhibiting transcription of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, thus protecting the integrity of the vascular endothelium. Meanwhile VitC reduces shedding of SDC‐1 and alters p38/MAPK phosphorylation and microcirculation.
Interaction of Ethnicity and Arrival Method on Thrombectomy Delay: The Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Collaboration
Authors: Siegler James E. , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Hester Taryn , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. , Liebeskind David S. , Zaidat Osama O. , Vora Nirav , Desai Shashvat , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Roach Eileen , Linfante Italo , Hassan Ameer E. , Farooqui Mudassir , Jillella Dinesh V. , Nahab Fadi , Sharrief Anjail , Czap Alexandra , Bach Ivo , Khandelwal Priyank , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Compared with non‐Hispanic White patients, non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic populations are less likely to receive acute treatment for ischemic stroke, and when they do, it can be delayed. We evaluated the interaction between arrival method and race or ethnicity on door‐to‐arterial puncture (DTAP) time in thrombectomy.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive adults who underwent endovascular thrombectomy from 14 US Comprehensive Stroke Centers (January 1, 2019–July 31, 2020). DTAP was assessed in a linear mixed model including an interaction term for race or ethnicity and arrival method.

Results

Of the 1908 included patients, 356 of whom were Hispanic, Hispanic and NHB patients experienced significant delays in DTAP compared with non‐Hispanic White patients (adjusted β
Hisp
=0.32, 95% CI, 0.08–0.55; β
NHB
=0.23; 95% CI, 0.04–0.41). More severe deficits were associated with shorter DTAP (β
NIHSS
per point −0.03; 95% CI −0.04 to −0.03), and arrival via emergency medical services or private vehicle versus transfer were associated with longer delays (β
EMS
=0.57; 95% CI, 0.41–0.74; β
PV
=1.27; 95% CI, 0.85–1.70). There was a significant interaction between Hispanic ethnicity and emergency medical services (
P
=0.03) or private vehicle arrival (
P
=0.04) in a direction favoring shorter treatment delays. Sites that treated a minority population of Hispanic patients (<50% being Hispanic) experienced a significant delay in DTAP among Hispanic and NHB versus non‐Hispanic White (median 72 minutes [interquartile range (IQR), 49–104] versus 83 minutes [IQR, 50–119] versus 58 minutes [IQR, 27–95],
P
<0.01), whereas sites treating a Hispanic majority showed no difference in DTAP (

P

=0.39).

Conclusions
Endovascular therapy is delayed in Hispanic and NHB patients when compared with non‐Hispanic White patients. Although arrival by emergency medical services or private vehicle also contributed to treatment delays, Hispanic ethnicity modified this effect such that there was less delay in DTAP. This may be related to communication barriers between caregivers and health care providers when a Hispanic patient is suddenly disabled from stroke.
Towards Intelligently Designed Evolvable Processors
Authors: Jones Benedict A. H. , Chouard John L. P. , Branco Bianca C. C. , Vissol-Gaudin Eléonore G. B. , Pearson Christopher , Petty Michael C. , Al Moubayed Noura , Zeze Dagou A. , Groves Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evolution-in-Materio is a computational paradigm in which an algorithm reconfigures a material's properties to achieve a specific computational function. This article addresses the question of how successful and well performing Evolution-in-Materio processors can be designed through the selection of nanomaterials and an evolutionary algorithm for a target application. A physical model of a nanomaterial network is developed which allows for both randomness, and the possibility of Ohmic and non-Ohmic conduction, that are characteristic of such materials. These differing networks are then exploited by differential evolution, which optimises several configuration parameters (e.g., configuration voltages, weights, etc.), to solve different classification problems. We show that ideal nanomaterial choice depends upon problem complexity, with more complex problems being favoured by complex voltage dependence of conductivity and vice versa. Furthermore, we highlight how intrinsic nanomaterial electrical properties can be exploited by differing configuration parameters, clarifying the role and limitations of these techniques. These findings provide guidance for the rational design of nanomaterials and algorithms for future Evolution-in-Materio processors.
Assessment of adaptive strategies on life history of the rotifer Euchlanis dilatata (ROTIFERA) at different temperature and food regime
Authors: Santos-Medrano Gustavo Emilio , Rico-Martínez Roberto , Robles-Vargas Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The combined effects of two temperatures (20° and 25°C) and food densities (1 × 104 and 1 × 106 cells/mL) of three microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Scenedesmus obliquus on the life history of Euchlanis dilatata were evaluated. Our work integrated: effects of temperature on the activation energy (Ea), and evaluation of the rate of decrease or increase through the temperature coefficient (Q10) in the different biological processes of the life table of E. dilatata, including, morphometric values and hatching egg percentages. The best conditions to reach the highest instantaneous growth rate (r) in E. dilatata were 25°C fed with N. oculata (1 × 106 cells/mL) while the lowest r value was registered with C. vulgaris with both temperatures. In the mean generation time and age at first reproduction, the Ea was higher at 20°C, where Q10 values < 1 indicate that these rates decrease with increasing the temperature. We found an exception to the temperature-size rule when rotifer was fed C. vulgaris at 25°C. Moreover, the rotifer fed with S. obliquus reached the maximum size. Our hypothesis is that when temperature increase 5°C, the rotifer may shorten its embryonic development, thereby increasing r and net reproduction rate.
Dynamical Analysis of the Winter Middle East Jet Stream and Comparison with the East Asian and North American Jet Streams
Authors: Ren Qiaoling , Wei Wei , Lu Mengmeng , Yang Song 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The wintertime Middle East jet stream (MEJS) is an important upstream signal for the East Asian winter monsoon and the subsequent Asian summer monsoon. Thus, the maintenance and interannual variations of the MEJS as well as its similarities and differences with the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) and the North American jet stream (NAJS) are studied dynamically using the geopotential tendency equation and empirical orthogonal function analysis. Analysis reveals that the MEJS is mainly maintained by tropical diabatic heating and the low-frequency transient eddy (TE) vorticity forcing. It is different from the EAJS, which is maintained by both tropical diabatic heating and high-frequency TE vorticity forcing, and the NAJS, which is mainly sustained by high-frequency TE vorticity forcing. Furthermore, while temperature advection plays a considerable role in the maintenance of EAJS and NAJS, it is less important for the MEJS. On interannual time scales, the meridional shift of the MEJS is related to low-frequency TE heating, while the variation of the jet’s intensity is associated with temperature advection. For both EAJS and NAJS, the interannual variations are mainly contributed by high-frequency TE vorticity forcing, although temperature advection also promotes their meridional shifts. These results suggest that whether or not the maintenance of the jet streams is related to tropical diabatic heating, their interannual variations are not directly induced by this forcing.

Significance Statement
The wintertime Middle East jet stream (MEJS) is a narrow and strong westerly wind belt over the Middle East whose variations in intensity and location can affect the Asian monsoon significantly. However, little effort has been devoted to investigating the MEJS. Thus, dynamical diagnosis and statistical analysis are applied in this study to understand the MEJS and its variability comprehensively. Analysis reveals that low-frequency transient eddies, which are the mobile atmospheric systems with a lifespan longer than 10 days, are important for both the maintenance and the interannual variability of the MEJS. This phenomenon is apparently different from the East Asian and North American jet streams, in which synoptic transient eddies (lifetime shorter than 10 days) play an essential role.