bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Stainless Steel Tubular T‐joints Under Chord Sidewall Failure Mode by a Semi‐analytical Formulation
Authors: Nogueira Mateus M. , de Lima Luciano R. O. , da S. Vellasco Pedro C. G. , Young Ben 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are numerous benefits of tubular profiles that make them increasingly used in civil engineering. At the same time, stainless steel is a material with excellent properties and high corrosion resistance. However, stainless steel's high initial material cost has limited its use primarily to specialist and prestige applications, which makes it necessary to develop more accurate design rules for this material. When tubular profiles are used, it is necessary to assess the joint strengths, considering that they can fail by different mechanisms. The present work aims to develop a semi‐analytical formulation to predict stainless steel tubular T‐joint resistances. Joints with the brace‐to‐chord width ratio equal to 1 were considered in this study; therefore, the failure occurs in the chord sidewall. To assess the sidewall instability critical load, the exact stress fields were determined using Mathieu's theory, and then the Ritz energy method was applied. Considering that the joints are made of stainless steel, the next step is to transform the load found from linear to the non‐linear regime. For that, a new formulation based on Ramberg‐Osgood equations was developed. Finally, the results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the experimental results obtained by Feng and Young (2008) and the results from the main current standards and literature. It was observed that the proposed method presented satisfactory results, while the predictions from design codes were, in general, very conservative.
Buckling Check with Consideration of an Eccentric Load Introduction during Launching
Authors: Maier Nadine , Mensinger Martin , Ndogmo Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn general, two types of launching bearings are used for launching: sliding rockers and systems with hydraulic bearings. During incremental launching, the centre of the webs of the superstructure is not perfectly in line with the centre of the launching bearings due to unavoidable tolerances. These eccentricities are not considered in the current design against plate buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [2]. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the different types of launching bearings due to their boundary conditions. At the Technical University of Munich, large‐scale buckling tests of longitudinally stiffened plates under biaxial stresses with different types of launching bearings and eccentric load introduction were carried out. The results from the validated numerical model and parameter study of the influence due to different types of launching bearings on the buckling behaviour are shown. The results are compared with the buckling verification according to the reduced stress method proposed in EN 1993‐1‐5:2019 [2]. A proposal is given that makes it possible to consider an eccentric load in the buckling verification while keeping the economical aspects in mind.
Slenderness‐dependent Equivalent Imperfections in Plate Buckling
Authors: Schönfeld Larissa , Naujoks Bernd , Ludwig Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, various approaches to and combinations of imperfections are investigated using geometrically and materially non‐linear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) of unstiffened buckling plates. These imperfections have a decisive influence on load‐bearing behaviour during stability failure (plate buckling). When applying GMNIA, the user can opt for either equivalent geometric imperfections or a combination of geometrical and structural imperfections as given in EN 1993‐1‐5 Annex C. Here, the exact influence of the individual imperfections and their combinations on the load‐bearing behaviour is not conclusively clarified. Furthermore, EN 1993‐1‐5 Annex C does not contain a recommendation for a suitable residual stress model. The aim of this investigation is to compare the ultimate load due to compressive stress using different approaches to imperfections. Six different combinations are analysed using GMNIA. The results make it clear that a variety of ultimate loads lie above the Winter curve for larger related slenderness values, ̄λp, and thus lead to non‐conservative ultimate loads. In addition, initial recommendations for the required size of the imperfection are given for the application of equivalent geometric imperfections depending upon the related slenderness, ̄λp. Applying adjusted equivalent geometric imperfections to square plates under compressive stress achieves very good agreement with the Winter curve in the range relevant to the construction industry.
The Curvature – Energy Relations in Buckling Analysis of Tubular Wind Turbine Towers
Authors: Ma Yang , Martinez‐Vazquez Pedro , Baniotopoulos Charalampos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA former study on wind turbine tower collapse incidences throughout the past 40 years revealed that among the various types the buckling failure was the most catastrophic as led to collapse of tubular tower shell structures. As the modern harvesting of wind energy is usually performed by wind turbine towers being cylindrical shells of thin walls, the need of thorough investigation of the buckling behaviour of shell structures operating under extreme environmental actions is obvious. The present paper addresses such knowledge gap through the study of a series of 100 numerical models underpinned by the well‐established Riks Method for buckling analysis. The method enables the scrutiny of tower shell elements under axial load and bending moment. Within the proposed framework of curvature–energy analysis, the energy stored within an imperfect shell structure is expressed and quantified through cross‐section diaphragms and symbolic lines, covering pre‐buckling, transient stage, and post‐buckling performance close to the bifurcation point. The analysis unveils changes of local surface curvature and energy flows with multiple longitudinal and circumferential wavenumbers taking place during the pre‐buckling process. Wavenumbers and curvature changes induce the energy magnitude jumping over to the adjacent buckling eigenmodes. Furthermore, the mode jumping sees a faster and more convergence result with higher bending moments. The diversity of the final buckling mode largely determined by the variance of shell geometry, compression–bending ratio and boundary conditions.
Experimental Investigation of Steel Frames Equipped with Dissipative Replaceable Links
Authors: Giuliani Giulia , Andreotti Roberto , Tondini Nicola , Bonelli Alessio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, high priority has been given to community disaster resilience owing to seismic events with a particular focus on the post‐disaster restoration. Therefore, damage reduction of structural and non‐structural elements after a disaster is fundamental for costs and for functionality aspects. In this context, the European RFCS project DISSIPABLE was funded with the aim to perform large demonstration tests of steel frames equipped with easily repairable seismic dissipative devices. In this paper, the experimental tests performed according to dynamic substructuring are described. The capacity of withstanding seismic actions as well as the energy dissipation relies on the Dissipative Replaceable Link Frame system, composed of two rigid columns connected by weakened beams. Two different configurations of frames equipped with DRLF systems were tested: i) frames made of only mild steel and ii) frames made of both mild and high‐strength steel. Bidimensional frames were tested under different seismic intensity levels: Damage Limitation, Significant Damage and Near Collapse.
Vibration Analysis and Human Comfort Assessment of Building Subjected to Wind Dynamic Loads
Authors: de Deus Leandro de Andrade , de Souza Bastos Leonardo , Santos da Silva José Guilherme 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the last few decades, Brazilian cities have presented a substantial increasing associated to the design and construction of tall and slender buildings. However, this architectural trend has produced flexible structural systems, with low natural frequency values and, therefore, more susceptible to excessive vibrations problems, when subjected to the nondeterministic wind loadings. Having these ideas in mind, this research work aims to study the dynamic structural response and evaluate the human comfort of a 40‐storey reinforced concrete building with 150 m high and floor dimensions of 30 m by 60 m. In this research work the Spectral Representation Method (SRM) was adopted to generate the wind nondeterministic dynamic loadings, based on the use of pressure coefficients calculated through the use of different strategies such as the HFPI‐TPU and DEDM‐HRP databases, CFD modelling and the Brazilian design standard NBR 6123. The numerical model developed for the reinforced concrete building dynamic analysis, adopted the usual mesh refinement techniques present in finite element method simulations and implemented in the ANSYS program. The main conclusions obtained in this work aim to alert the civil engineers to the relevant modifications associated with the dynamic response, when different strategies are used to calculate the wind pressure coefficients on the building's facade.
Numerical Investigation of Shear Connection in Cold‐formed Steel‐concrete Composite Beam
Authors: Ćurković Ivan , Lukačević Ivan , Žuvelek Vlaho , Rajić Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearches show that composite systems made by combining cold‐formed steel (CFS) elements and concrete can produce excellent properties compared to traditional solutions. One of the solution which employs CFS elements and concrete is the subject of research within the LWT‐FLOOR project. The LWT‐FLOOR system consists of built‐up CFS beams with corrugated web, connected by spot welds and concrete slab with an innovative shear connection. This paper presents a numerical investigation of two types of shear connections suitable for the proposed composite solution. One type of shear connection is completed using bolts which provide a direct shear connection between the flange profiles of the steel girder and the concrete slab. The second type of shear connection is achieved using a composite dowel rib connector realised through a steel beam corrugated web. In this case, the connection between the profiles of the steel beam and the concrete flange is realised indirectly, i.e., through spot welds between C profiles and corrugated web. The results of FE simulations indicate that a solution with bolts ensures higher shear, but reduces its ductility. These results provide the basis for the conduction of experimental push‐out tests of the proposed shear connection types.
Enabling a Ductile Failure of Laminated Glass Beams with Iron‐Based Shape Memory Alloy (Fe‐SMA) Strips
Authors: Silvestru Vlad‐Alexandru , Deng Zhikang , Michels Julien , Taras Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLaminated glass beams are used as structural elements to support transparent roofs or to transfer wind loads acting on transparent facades. However, in case of breakage, laminated glass beams only exhibit a low residual load‐carrying capacity provided by the interlayers. A more efficient solution is to add a filigree ductile reinforcement on the tension side of the laminated glass beams, for instance by adhesive bonding. By these means, the post‐cracking behaviour of the beams and their redundancy can be improved and a ductile failure behaviour can be achieved. Moreover, an additional pre‐stressing of this reinforcement allows increasing the initial glass cracking resistance. Despite their obvious potential, an application of pre‐stressed laminated glass beams in real projects is prevented by the rather complicated necessary procedures for pre‐stressing. This contribution discusses first experimental results on a novel concept for pre‐stressed laminated glass beams with adhesively bonded strips made of an iron‐based shape memory alloy (Fe‐SMA). The pre‐stress can be applied in this case by heating up the Fe‐SMA. The feasibility of the concept is analysed based on results from four‐point‐bending tests on medium‐scale simple, reinforced and pre‐stressed laminated glass beams.
Technical Study of Kongo‐Central Colonial Steel Houses Belonging to the DRC Patrimony
Authors: Nkole Kabongo Aris Mpemba , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Demonceau Jean‐François 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe built heritage is a collection of properties of heritage value that should be protected and preserved. Designed in Belgium and built in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) at the beginning of colonisation, the steel‐framed houses in the province of Kongo‐Central are in an advanced state of damages due not only to the climatic conditions of the area, but also to those of exploitation. An architectural and technical study of these steel houses is nowadays required to develop solutions for their conservation as part of the DRC's built heritage. In this context, the National Fund for Scientific Research of Belgium (FNRS) is financing the research project entitled “Tropicalisation of engineering and architecture”. This project is carried out jointly by the Université libre de Bruxelles (in charge of the architectural part) and the Université de Liège (in charge of the engineering part). For this project, the courthouse of Mbanza‐Ngungu (former ABC Hotel in Thysville) is studied in detail as a case study to identify the techniques used during construction, the pathologies affecting the structures and the solution which could be contemplated for their refurbishment. The present paper will introduce first investigation conducted in the framework of this project.
Seeding rate affects the performance of oat and black oat
Authors: Santos Erick Rodrigo da Silva , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , Dantas Queiroz Luana Mayara , Jaramillo David Mirabedini , Garcia Liza , van Cleef Flavia de Oliveira Scarpino , Sousa de Abreu Daciele , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBasic management practices, including ideal seeding rates, are still lacking for black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) in the southeastern United States. This study evaluated the performance of five seeding rates (15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 lb acre−1) on ‘Legend 567’ oat (Avena sativa L.) and ‘UF‐10’ black oat at three harvest dates (early, mid‐season, and late) per year. Seeding rates of 60, 120, and 240 lb acre−1 tended (P = .07) to increase total herbage accumulation [4,760 lb dry matter (DM) acre−1] compared with 15 lb acre−1 (3,945 lb DM acre−1). Tiller density was usually greater for black oat than for oat. Seeding rate was positively associated with tiller density and explained 84 to 98% and 96 to 98% of the variation for black oat and oat, respectively. Tiller mass was greater for oat (0.045 oz tiller−1) than black oat (0.034 oz tiller−1), and greater for the mid‐season harvest (0.043 oz tiller−1), compared with the early and late harvests (0.037 oz tiller−1 on average). There was a negative effect (P < .001) of seeding rate on tiller mass. Increasing the seeding rate had a negative effect on leaf length at the early and middle harvests (P < .05), and decreased leaf width from 0.56 to 0.39 inches in oat, and from 0.32 to 0.29 inches in black oat when changing from 15 to 240 lb acre−1. To maximize herbage accumulation at a lower seeding rate, we recommend 60 lb acre−1 for both oat and black oat for multiple harvests.
Effects of Pretreatment on the Biocatalysis of Renewable Resources
Authors: Varriale Ludovica , Volkmar Marianne , Weiermüller Jens , Ulber Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWithin a biorefinery platform several conversion steps such as pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and downstream processing are necessary to obtain the final bio‐based product(s) from lignocellulosic biomass. The structural composition of the biomass, especially the lignin content, determines the necessary pretreatment steps. To obtain sugar monomers, the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is an essential step. This work examines the impact of different pretreatments on the sugar release during biocatalysis. Even without prior pretreatment the biocatalysis of low lignin biomass achieves glucose yields of up to 93 %, while the biocatalysis of high lignin biomass requires an upstream hydrothermal procedure to achieve a glucose yield of 74 %.
A novel robust dynamic method for NOx emissions prediction in a thermal power plant
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Jianxin , Fan Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNOx is a harmful by‐product of coal‐fired boilers, and accurate prediction of NOx emissions in the outlet of a boiler is essential for environmental protection. In recent years, data‐driven models have been widely studied and applied in this area. However, dynamic characteristics are ignored by many existing models, leading to sub‐optimal performance. Besides, outliers that occur in the operation data have adverse effects on the efficacy of these prediction models. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel method for predicting NOx concentration via integrating a robust dynamic probabilistic approach and the long short‐term memory (LSTM). First, mutual information (MI) is applied to determine the input variables. Subsequently, a robust probabilistic method is proposed to extract dynamic latent features considering outliers. On this basis, the generated latent variables are further utilized to train the LSTM‐based model, with which the intrinsic relation between inputs and NOx values are obtained. Based on the application to a 660 MW thermal power plant, the superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated in terms of high prediction accuracy.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Lignin Valorization into Value‐Added Chemicals and Sustainable Hydrogen Using Zn1‐xCdxS Solid Solutions as Photocatalyst
Authors: Palma Bruna , Cheng Xi , Liu Liyang , Zhong Na , Zhao Heng , Renneckar Scott , Larter Stephen , Kibria Md Golam , Hu Jinguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiomass photorefinery for simultaneous production of value‐added chemicals and sustainable hydrogen holds promising perspective to achieve a negative carbon economy. However, insight into lignin valorization by the photorefinery approach is still lacking due to the extremely complex structure and component. In this work, we design a series of Zn1‐xCdxS solid solutions as photocatalyst to reveal the photocatalytic mechanism for model component conversion. Bandgap engineering by changing the Zn/Cd ratio is proven to efficiently regulate the reaction pathway. Specifically, Zn0.75Cd0.25S (ZCS25) presented the best performance for hydrogen evolution (610±105 μmol h−1 gcat.−1) while Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS50) demonstrated the best substrate conversion to monophenolic compounds. Besides, the well‐designed Zn1‐xCdxS solid solutions also show the ability to produce hydrogen and eliminate a methoxy group from real lignin by the photorefinery approach. This present work demonstrates a good example of biomass valorization by careful design of photocatalysts.
Marijuana and 10‐drink binges on the increase among young adults
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: September 2022

The Monitoring the Future (MTF) study released in August by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that marijuana use has reached historic highs among young adults ages 19 to 30 years old, with 29% using marijuana in the past 30 days, and 43% using it in the past year; 10.8% used it on a daily or near daily basis (more than 20 days in the past 30 days). The study uses self‐reports; most recent data is from 2021.
Study of the Crystalline Perfection, Homogeneity, Chemical Etching on the Surface, and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of (1 1 0) Oriented Hydroxyethylammonium D‐Tartrate Monohydrate Single Crystal and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis
Authors: Abdul Hakkim Mohamad Asikali , Paulraj Rajesh , Sidden Chinnasami , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe single crystal of hydroxyethylammonium D‐tartrate monohydrate (HEDT) is grown along the (1 1 0) plane using the Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy method. The powder X‐ray diffraction and the high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analyses are used to corroborate the growth plane and perfection of the crystallinity, respectively. The birefringence experiment has proven crystalline homogeneity and estimated birefringence value (Δn) is 0.109. The surface morphology of the grown crystal is examined by chemical etching analysis and irregular hillock patterns are found. The transmittance for the (1 1 0) plane of the HEDT is inspected by a UV‐Vis analysis. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the HEDT crystal is 1.7 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The third‐order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of the grown HEDT crystal are scrutinized by the Z‐scan experiment. The estimated TONLO susceptibility of HEDT crystal is 6.827 × 10−8 esu. The laser damage threshold value of HEDT is discovered to be 5.24 GW cm−2. The 3D Hirshfeld surface visualizes the interaction between HEDT molecules and analyzes the distance from the surface of the molecule to the farthest and the nearest atom. The important contributions of crystal packing are explored by 2D‐fingerprint plots.
Three‐Dimensional Holey Graphene Enwrapped Li3V2(PO4)3/N‐Doped Carbon Cathode for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Du Xingyu , Xu Yulin , Li Jianming , Wang Yujue , Meng Yan , Xiao Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 is a promising cathode material for high‐power Li‐ion batteries. Herein, a three‐dimensional holey graphene enwrapped Li3V2(PO4)3/N‐doped carbon (LVPNCHG) nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized. The holes could be in‐situ and directly introduced in graphene through H2O2 chemical etching in the synthesis process, which could remarkably enhance the ion and electron transport and greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the LVPNCHG electrode: 78 mAh g−1 at 150 C, 86.1 % capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 10 C, and 96 % capacity retention over 500 cycles at 1 C under −20 °C. Moreover, in‐situ distribution of relaxation time analysis was used to study LVPNCHG cathode during charge/discharge at 3.0–4.8 V, combined with in‐situ X‐ray diffraction measurement, and the results showed that a two‐phase reaction mechanism was involved during the insertion of Li+ in the discharge process. Further demonstration of graphite//LVPNCHG full cell indicated great potential of the as‐synthesized materials for practical application.