bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The «materialization» of forces: Why confounding mathematical concept and physical entity makes the design of metamaterials arduous
Authors: dell'Isola Francesco , Stilz Maximilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper we show why the postulation scheme based on forces and couples is detrimental when designing novel metamaterials. Instead, the most effective postulation scheme for mechanics is that based on the Principle of Virtual Work formulated by, for example, d'Alembert, Lagrange, Piola, and Paul Germain. In fact, generalized continuum mechanics can be formulated in a coherent way only by basing its foundations on the Principle of Virtual Work while the problem of synthesis of novel metamaterials can be efficiently confronted only when introducing generalized continua as their model at macroscopic level. Once work functionals are postulated, the set of involved generalized forces are identified using the representation theorem for distributions by Laurent Schwartz, forces in particular being zeroth order distributions. Actually, only when limiting the class of considered internal work functionals to first order distributions is the Principle of Virtual Work equivalent to the balances of forces and couples. The predominant Role of the Principle of Virtual Work has been denied by those inductivist scholars who claim that balance laws can be induced by experimentation. The Principle of Virtual Work postulation more truly fits in a falsificationist approach to epistemology.
Simulated Versus Monitored Building Behaviours: Sample Demo Applications of a Perfomance Gap Detection Tool in a Northern Italian Climate
Authors: Chiesa Giacomo , Fasano Francesca , Grasso Paolo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGreen building technologies and design-correlated choices may significantly contribute to supporting the transition toward net energy flows in the built environment. Nevertheless, large discrepancies are underlined between standard simulated and monitored building behaviours requiring approaches able to simply correlate real building behaviours and simulated ones to further support coherent certification and/or optimization. The paper focusses on the application of a semi-automatic methodology to compare and evaluate thermal behaviours of buildings considering monitored and simulated data. The approach is based on a new Python tool developed by the authors, able to manage EnergyPlus inputs and perform multi-source KPIs calculations. The mentioned tool is used here to support semi-automatic model verifications of real weather data by optimizing model parameters to fit monitored behaviours. The approach is applied in this chapter to two demo buildings, a municipality school and a residential unit, located in the Turin metropolitan area of Piedmont, in Northwest Italy.
Bouncing inside the horizon and scrambling delays
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Leung Henry , Queimada Leonel , Zhao Ying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study charged perturbations of the thermofield double state dual to a charged AdS black hole. We model the perturbation by a massless charged shell in the bulk. Unlike the neutral case, all such shells bounce at a definite radius, which can be behind the horizon. We show that the standard “shock wave” calculation of a scrambling time indicates that adding charge increases the scrambling time. We then give two arguments using the bounce that suggest that scrambling does not actually take longer when charge is added, but instead its onset is delayed. We also construct a boundary four point function which detects whether the shell bounces inside the black hole.
CFT correlators from shape deformations in Cubic Curvature Gravity
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Araya Ignacio J. , Argandoña Andrés , Olea Rodrigo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We find a covariant expression for the universal part of the holographic entanglement entropy which is valid for CFTs dual to generic higher curvature gravities in up to five bulk dimensions. We use this functional to compute universal coefficients of stress-tensor correlators in three-dimensional CFTs dual to Cubic Curvature Gravity. Using gauge/gravity duality, we work out an expression for the entanglement entropy of deformed entangling regions and read the coefficients from the power expansion of the entropy in the deformation parameter. In particular, we obtain the t4 coefficient of the 3-point function and exhibit a difference between the results obtained using the entanglement entropy functional for minimal and non-minimal splittings. We compare the obtained expressions for t4 derived considering both splittings with results obtained through other holographic methods which are splitting-independent. We find agreement with the result obtained from the non-minimal splitting, whereas the result derived from the minimal splitting is inconsistent and it is therefore ruled out.
Aspects of univalence in holographic axion models
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Grieninger Sebastian , Grozdanov Sašo , Lu Zhenkang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Univalent functions are complex, analytic (holomorphic) and injective functions that have been widely discussed in complex analysis. It was recently proposed that the stringent constraints that univalence imposes on the growth of functions combined with sufficient analyticity conditions could be used to derive rigorous lower and upper bounds on hydrodynamic dispersion relation, i.e., on all terms appearing in their convergent series representations. The results are exact bounds on physical quantities such as the diffusivity and the speed of sound. The purpose of this paper is to further explore these ideas, investigate them in concrete holographic examples, and work towards a better intuitive understanding of the role of univalence in physics. More concretely, we study diffusive and sound modes in a family of holographic axion models and offer a set of observations, arguments and tests that support the applicability of univalence methods for bounding physical observables described in terms of effective field theories. Our work provides insight into expected ‘typical’ regions of univalence, comparisons between the tightness of bounds and the corresponding exact values of certain quantities characterising transport, tests of relations between diffusion and bounds that involve chaotic pole-skipping, as well as tests of a condition that implies the conformal bound on the speed of sound and a complementary condition that implies its violation.
Transient phenomena in the axion assisted Schwinger effect
Authors: Domcke Valerie , Ema Yohei , Mukaida Kyohei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Particle production induced by a time-dependent background is well understood as the projection of the time-evolved initial state onto a set of final states. While the asymptotic initial and final states are well defined in the usual way, the definition of particles and antiparticles at intermediate times in the presence of external fields is ambiguous. These external fields moreover induce divergences which require regularization. In this paper we clarify some subtleties in the computation of transient effects in physical quantities for fermions in a homogeneous axion background, including Schwinger production in background electromagnetic fields. The presence of the axion requires particular care as well as knowledge of the UV theory when regulating the theory and computing the vacuum contribution to the fermion energy.
A derivation of the planar limit of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 chiral correlators
Authors: Fiol Bartomeu , Fukelman Alan Rios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We derive analytically the terms of maximal transcendentality of the planar 2- and 3-point functions of single-trace chiral primary operators of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SQCD on ℝ4, to all orders in the ’t Hooft coupling. These results prove two conjectures we formulated in previous work. Furthermore, we also provide an explicit expression for the terms in the planar 2-point functions of these operators that contain products of two values of the ζ function.
Activation of the STING pathway induces peripheral sensitization via neuroinflammation in a rat model of bone cancer pain
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Wang Wei , Gong Zhihao , Peng Yuan , Li Xin , Zhang Zuojing , Zhang Xiaoxuan , You Xingji , Wu Jingxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nervous system has been linked to cancer metastasis-induced bone pain. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an innate immune sensor for cytosolic DNA, plays an important role in inflammation and cancer metastasis and is reported to be a critical regulator of nociception. Here, we examined the role of STING in primary nociceptive neurons and chronic pain to determine if it could be a new target for treating bone cancer pain (BCP).

Methods
Walker 256 cancer cells were injected intratibially to induce bone cancer pain in rats. STING and its downstream inflammatory factors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Transmission electron microscopy and the BCL2-associated X (Bax) expression were used to detect the mitochondrial stress in DRG neurons. C-176, a specific inhibitor of STING, was used to block STING activation and to test the pain behavior.

Results
Mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain were observed in BCP rats, accompanied by the upregulation of the STING expression in the ipsilateral L4-5 DRG neurons which showed significant mitochondrion stress. The STING/TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation was observed in the DRGs of BCP rats as well as increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. C-176 alleviated bone cancer pain and reduced the STING and its downstream inflammatory pathway.

Conclusion
We provide evidence that STING pathway activation leads to neuroinflammation and peripheral sensitization. Pharmacological blockade of STING may be a promising novel strategy for preventing BCP.
Visualization of the inflammatory response to injury by neutrophil phenotype categories
Authors: de Fraiture Emma J. , Bongers Suus H. , Jukema Bernard N. , Koenderman Leo , Vrisekoop Nienke , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Leenen Luke P. H. , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The risk of infectious complications after trauma is determined by the amount of injury-related tissue damage and the resulting inflammatory response. Recently, it became possible to measure the neutrophil phenotype in a point-of-care setting. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if immunophenotype categories based on visual recognition of neutrophil subsets are applicable to interpret the inflammatory response to trauma. The secondary goal was to correlate these immunophenotype categories with patient characteristics, injury severity and risk of complications.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted with patients presented at a level 1 trauma center with injuries of any severity, who routinely underwent neutrophil phenotyping. Data generated by automated point-of-care flow cytometry were prospectively gathered. Neutrophil phenotypes categories were defined by visual assessment of two-dimensional CD16/CD62L dot plots. All patients were categorized in one of the immunophenotype categories. Thereafter, the categories were validated by multidimensional analysis of neutrophil populations, using FlowSOM. All clinical parameters and endpoints were extracted from the trauma registry.

Results
The study population consisted of 380 patients. Seven distinct immunophenotype Categories (0–6) were defined, that consisted of different neutrophil populations as validated by FlowSOM. Injury severity scores and risk of infectious complications increased with ascending immunophenotype Categories 3–6. Injury severity was similarly low in Categories 0–2.

Conclusion
The distribution of neutrophil subsets that were described in phenotype categories is easily recognizable for clinicians at the bedside. Even more, multidimensional analysis demonstrated these categories to be distinct subsets of neutrophils. Identification of trauma patients at risk for infectious complications by monitoring the immunophenotype category is a further improvement of personalized and point-of-care decision-making in trauma care.
Motion-region annotation for complex videos via label propagation across occluders
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Habib , Diéz Yago , Oliver Arnau , Salvi Joaquim , Lladó Xavier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotion cue is pivotal in moving object analysis, which is the root for motion segmentation and detection. These preprocessing tasks are building blocks for several applications such as recognition, matching and estimation. To devise a robust algorithm for motion analysis, it is imperative to have a comprehensive dataset to evaluate an algorithm’s performance. The main limitation in making these kind of datasets is the creation of ground-truth annotation of motion, as each moving object might span over multiple frames with changes in size, illumination and angle of view. Besides the optical changes, the object can undergo occlusion by static or moving occluders. The challenge increases when the video is captured by a moving camera. In this paper, we tackle the task of providing ground-truth annotation on motion regions in videos captured from a moving camera. With minimal manual annotation of an object mask, we are able to propagate the label mask in all the frames. Object label correction based on static and moving occluder is also performed by applying occluder mask tracking for a given depth ordering. A motion annotation dataset is also proposed to evaluate algorithm performance. The results show that our cascaded-naive approach provides successful results. All the resources of the annotation tool are publicly available athttp://dixie.udg.edu/anntool/.
Aktuelle Aspekte der Behandlung der Rotatorenmanschette
Authors: Eckers Franziska , Müller Andreas M. , Loske Stefan 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungRotatorenmanschettenrupturen gehören zu den häufigsten muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen und können mit ausgeprägten Schmerzen und Funktionseinschränkungen einhergehen. Für ihre Entstehung ist eine Vielzahl von Faktoren relevant, u. a. die individuelle Anatomie des Akromions. Mit Hilfe der heutigen technischen Möglichkeiten wurde nun festgestellt, dass zusätzlich zu seiner lateralen Ausdehnung auch die sagittale Ausdehnung des Akromions eine Rolle zu spielen scheint. Die bildgebende Darstellung der Rotatorenmanschette (RM) hat von den technischen Fortschritten der letzten Jahrzehnte ebenfalls profitiert. Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und MR-Arthrographie werden heute flächendeckend eingesetzt. Letztere bietet die höchste Sensitivität für die Entdeckung selbst kleiner Partialläsionen. Neue Sequenzen und Nachbearbeitungsmöglichkeiten können als hilfreiche tools für die operative Planung eingesetzt werden. Grundsätzlich richtet sich die Behandlung der RM neben der Symptomatik nach der Rupturgenese und -morphologie sowie der erwarteten Gewebequalität des Muskel-Sehnen-Kontinuums. Auch das Gesamtprofil, die Erwartungshaltung und die Rehabilitationsmöglichkeiten des Patienten sind wichtig. Die heutigen operativen Techniken werden durch spannende Entwicklungen der Industrie mitbestimmt, die in den letzten Jahren immer bessere Fadenankersysteme, aber auch Augmentationsmaterialien auf den Markt gebracht hat. Letztere zielen nicht nur auf die mechanische Verstärkung der Sehnenrekonstruktion, sondern auch auf die Optimierung der biologischen Eigenschaften des Konstrukts ab. Hinsichtlich Fixation konnte die biomechanische Forschung zeigen, dass zweireihige oder Suture-Bridge-Fixationen einreihigen oder transossären Fixationen überlegen sind. Diese Überlegenheit im Labor spiegelt sich noch nicht klar in den klinischen Ergebnissen wider, dennoch sind die meisten Chirurgen heute auf diese Technik übergegangen. Was die postoperative Nachbehandlung angeht, stellen jüngste randomisiert-kontrollierte Untersuchungen das Konzept der postoperativen Immobilisation in Abduktion in Frage. Hier scheint das letzte Wort noch nicht gesprochen zu sein.
Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Stephens Ruth , Grainger John R. , Smith Craig J. , Allan Stuart M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke account for significant disability and morbidity burdens worldwide. The myeloid arm of the peripheral innate immune system is critical in the immunological response to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) contribute to the evolution of pathogenic local and systemic inflammation, whilst maintaining a critical role in ongoing immunity protecting against secondary infections. This review aims to summarise the key alterations to myeloid immunity in acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). By integrating clinical and preclinical research, we discover how myeloid immunity is affected across multiple organ systems including the brain, blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lung, and evaluate how these perturbations associate with real-world outcomes including infection. These findings are placed in the context of the rapidly developing field of human immunology, which offers a wealth of opportunity for further research.
`Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with febuxostat versus allopurinol use in patients with gout: a retrospective cohort study in Korea
Authors: Jeong Hoon , Choi Eunmi , Suh Ahyoung , Yoo Myungsik , Kim Bonggi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFebuxostat is the drug used to treat hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Recently, the usage of Febuxostat has been controversial over the side effects in cardiovascular. The study aimed to comparatively analyze the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with febuxostat and allopurinol use in Korean patients with gout. A cohort study was conducted using national insurance claim data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Adult patients who were diagnosed with gout and prescribed febuxostat or allopurinol more than once from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2018 were studied. The outcome was cardiovascular disease. Analysis was performed using Cox’s proportional hazard model following 1:1 propensity score matching to estimate the hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval. In total, 90,590 patients were defined as the final study cohort who had an average follow-up of 467 days, including 28,732 and 61,858 patients in the febuxostat and allopurinol groups, respectively. After the 1:1 propensity score matching, the risk of cardiovascular disease in the febuxostat group was significantly higher than in the allopurinol group (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.24). In the sensitivity analysis, the risk of cardiovascular disease in the febuxostat group was significantly higher than in the allopurinol group (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15). However, further sensitivity analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the febuxostat group and allopurinol group after adjusting for cardiovascular disease history before the index date. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was found between the two drugs in the subgroup analysis. Febuxostat was not associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Focusing on the amount of immediate changes in spinopelvic radiographic parameters to predict the amount of mid-term improvement of quality of life in adult degenerative scoliosis patients with surgery
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Liu Jinlong , Luo Dawei , Sun Jianmin , Lv Feng , Sheng Bin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Surgery is still an effective treatment option for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS), but how to predict patients’ significant amount of the improvement in quality of life remains unclear. The previous studies included an inhomogeneous population. This study aimed to report the results about concentrating on the amount of immediate changes in spinopelvic radiographic parameters to predict the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life in ADS patients.

Materials and methods
Pre-operative and immediately post-operative radiographic parameters included Cobb angle, coronal vertical axis (CVA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI) and LL/PI matching (PI–LL). Quality of life scores were evaluated pre-operatively and at the final follow-up using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The amount of immediate changes in spinopelvic radiographic parameters (Δ) and the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life (Δ) were defined, respectively.

Results
Patients showed significant change in radiographic parameters, ODI and VAS pre- and post-surgery, except CVA and PI. Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between ΔTK, ΔLL, ΔCVA and the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life, but multivariate analysis did not get a significant result. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ΔSVA was still a significant predictor of ΔVAS and ΔODI. The changes in the other radiographic parameters were not significant. The equations were developed by linear regression: ΔODI = 0.162 × ΔSVA − 21.592, ΔVAS = 0.034 × ΔSVA − 2.828. In the ROC curve for ΔSVA in the detection of a strong ΔODI or ΔVAS, the cut-off value of ΔSVA was − 19.855 mm and − 15.405 mm, respectively.

Conclusions
This study shows that ΔSVA can predict the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life in ADS patients. The changes in the other radiographic parameters were not significant. Two equations were yielded to estimate ΔODI and ΔVAS. ΔSVA has respective cut-off value to predict ΔODI and ΔVAS.
Lung cancer incidence attributable to residential radon exposure in Finland
Authors: Kurkela Olli , Nevalainen Jaakko , Pätsi Salla-Maaria , Kojo Katja , Holmgren Olli , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate (1) the number of avoidable lung cancer cases attributable to residential radon in Finland in 2017, separately by age, sex, dwelling type and smoking status, (2) the impact of residential radon alone and the joint effect of residential radon and smoking on the number of lung cancers and (3) the potential decrease in the number of radon-attributable lung cancers if radon concentrations exceeding specified action levels (100, 200 and 300 Bq m−3) would have been mitigated to those levels. Population-based surveys of radon concentrations and smoking patterns were used. Observed radon levels were contrasted with 25 Bq m−3 representing a realistic minimum level of exposure. Lung cancer risk estimates for radon and smoking were derived from literature. Lastly, the uncertainty due to the estimation of exposure and risk was quantified using a computationally derived uncertainty interval. At least 3% and at most 8% of all lung cancers were estimated as being attributable to residential radon. For small cell carcinoma, the proportion of cases attributable to radon was 8–13%. Among smokers, the majority of the radon-related cases were attributable to the joint effect of radon and smoking. Reduction of radon exposure to 100 Bq m−3 action level would eliminate approximately 30% of radon-attributable cases. Estimates were low compared with the literature, given the (relatively high) radon levels in Finland. This was mainly due to the lower radon levels and higher smoking prevalence in flats than in houses and a more realistic point of comparison, factors which have been ignored in previous studies. The results can guide actions in radon protection and in prevention of lung cancers.