bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an indirect in‐house ELISA using synthetic peptides to detect antibodies anti‐gp90 and gp45 of the equine infectious anaemia virus
Authors: Russi Romina Cecilia , Garcia Lucila , Cámara María Silvia , Soutullo Adriana Rosa 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundEquine infectious anaemia (EIA) is controlled by the identification of seropositive animals. The official diagnostic method is the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, which detects antibodies against a viral core protein (p26). Although AGID is inexpensive and specific, the report of results takes considerable time and the test has low analytical sensitivity.ObjectiveTo validate our in‐house indirect ELISAgp90/45, following the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) criteria.Study designTest validation.MethodsSynthetic peptides gp90 and gp45 were used as antigens in ELISAgp90/45. Tests used for validation, calibration and linear working operating range, analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, repeatability and reproducibility were assessed by comparing them with the AGID test and using 1844 equine sera grouped into five different panels.ResultsWe were able to replace the National References Sera with our Internal Reference Sera. ELISAgp90/45 had acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Analytical sensitivity of the ELISAgp90/45 was 800 times greater than that of AGID test for positive sera and 400 times greater for weak positive sera. ELISAgp90/45 also showed optimal analytical specificity, since no cross‐reactivity was detected with antibodies against other equine viruses. One sample was positive by AGID test and negative by ELISAgp90/45. ELISAgp90/45 was performed using 243 EIA positive and 878 negative equid sera, and showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 99.59% [CI 97.73%‐99.99%] and a diagnostic specificity of 90.32% [CI 88.17%‐92.19%], compared to AGID test; thus, it was demonstrated to be a robust test.Main limitationsSamples were derived from naturally infected equid populations showing heterogeneous clinical states: therefore, their status was uncertain and some horses were sampled more than once. The AGID test may not be the most useful gold standard.ConclusionELISAgp90/45 is a useful tool for the diagnosis of EIAV infection and meets validation requirements established by the OIE.
Dyadic effects of enacted stigma, internalized homophobia, and communal coping on depressive symptoms among cisgender sexual minority male couples
Authors: Curtis Michael G. , Kogan Steven , Mitchell Jason W. , Stephenson Rob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the dyadic direct and indirect effects of enacted stigma on depressive symptoms via internalized homophobia and whether communal coping moderated the effects of enacted stigma on internalized homophobia and depressive symptoms. Hypotheses were tested using actor–partner interdependence models with a sample of 543 cisgender sexual minority male couples. Results showed both partners’ enacted stigma experiences were associated with elevated levels of internalized homophobia via actor and partner effects. Internalized homophobia was only associated with elevated depressive symptoms via actor effects. Indirect effects analysis suggested that internalized homophobia mediated the actor and partner influence of enacted stigma on depressive symptoms. Communal coping moderated the direct effects of enacted stigma on internalized homophobia and attenuated the conditional indirect actor and partner effects of enacted stigma on depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of intimate relationship processes in understanding the impacts of enacted stigma on depressive symptoms.
Global divergent trends of algal blooms detected by satellite during 1982–2018
Authors: Fang Chong , Song Kaishan , Paerl Hans W , Jacinthe Pierre‐Andre , Wen Zhidan , Liu Ge , Tao Hui , Xu Xiaofeng , Kutser Tiit , Wang Zongming , Duan Hongtao , Shi Kun , Shang Yingxin , Lyu Lili , Li Sijia , Yang Qian , Lyu Dongmei , Mao Dehua , Zhang Baohua , Cheng Shuai , Lyu Yunfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlgal blooms (ABs) in inland lakes have caused adverse ecological effects, and health impairment of animals and humans. We used archived Landsat images to examine ABs in lakes (>1 km2) around the globe over a 37‐year time span (1982–2018). Out of the 176032 lakes with area >1 km2 detected globally, 863 were impacted by ABs, 708 had sufficiently long records to define a trend, and 66% exhibited increasing trends in frequency ratio (FRQR, ratio of the number of ABs events observed in a year in a given lake to the number of available Landsat images for that lake) or area ratio (AR, ratio of annual maximum area covered by ABs observed in a lake to the surface area of that lake), while 34% showed a decreasing trend. Across North America, an intensification of ABs severity was observed for FRQR (p < .01) and AR (p < .01) before 1999, followed by a decrease in ABs FRQR (p < .01) and AR (p < .05) after the 2000s. The strongest intensification of ABs was observed in Asia, followed by South America, Africa, and Europe. No clear trend was detected for the Oceania. Across climatic zones, the contributions of anthropogenic factors to ABs intensification (16.5% for fertilizer, 19.4% for gross domestic product, and 18.7% for population) were slightly stronger than climatic drivers (10.1% for temperature, 11.7% for wind speed, 16.8% for pressure, and for 11.6% for rainfall). Collectively, these divergent trends indicate that consideration of anthropogenic factors as well as climate change should be at the forefront of management policies aimed at reducing the severity and frequency of ABs in inland waters.
Local adaptation in a marine foundation species: Implications for resilience to future global change
Authors: DuBois Katherine , Pollard Kenzie N. , Kauffman Brian J. , Williams Susan L. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmental change is multidimensional, with local anthropogenic stressors and global climate change interacting to differentially impact populations throughout a species’ geographic range. Within species, the spatial distribution of phenotypic variation and its causes (i.e., local adaptation or plasticity) will determine species’ adaptive capacity to respond to a changing environment. However, comparatively less is known about the spatial scale of adaptive differentiation among populations and how patterns of local adaptation might drive vulnerability to global change stressors. To test whether fine‐scale (2–12 km) mosaics of environmental stress can cause adaptive differentiation in a marine foundation species, eelgrass (Zostera marina), we conducted a three‐way reciprocal transplant experiment spanning the length of Tomales Bay, CA. Our results revealed strong home‐site advantage in growth and survival for all three populations. In subsequent common garden experiments and feeding assays, we showed that countergradients in temperature, light availability, and grazing pressure from an introduced herbivore contribute to differential performance among populations consistent with local adaptation. Our findings highlight how local‐scale mosaics in environmental stressors can increase phenotypic variation among neighboring populations, potentially increasing species resilience to future global change. More specifically, we identified a range‐center eelgrass population that is pre‐adapted to extremely warm temperatures similar to those experienced by low‐latitude range‐edge populations of eelgrass, demonstrating how reservoirs of heat‐tolerant phenotypes may already exist throughout a species range. Future work on predicting species resilience to global change should incorporate potential buffering effects of local‐scale population differentiation and promote a phenotypic management approach to species conservation.
How contradictory EU policies led to the development of a pest: The story of oilseed rape and the cabbage stem flea beetle
Authors: Ortega‐Ramos Patricia A. , Cook Samantha M. , Mauchline Alice L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOilseed rape can be used to produce biodiesel which can substitute non‐renewable fuels for transport. In the early 2000s, the EU introduced a series of policies and market‐based incentives to encourage the production of biofuels to meet their obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This led to a large increase in the area of oilseed rape grown across Europe with a simultaneous rise in insect pests which were largely controlled by synthetic insecticides. However, the withdrawal of neonicotinoid seed treatments in 2013 and the development of insecticide resistance in key insect pests led to crop failures and significant yield losses. Integrated Pest Management approaches could have prevented this pest problem; however, the lack of support and clear financial mechanisms for the enforcement of the 2009 Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive meant that the cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB; Psylliodes chrysocephala) has become a serious pest and the area of oilseed rape grown is now falling sharply leading to the need for imports. We suggest that it is imperative for Integrated Pest Management approaches to now become written into new EU and UK policies and to incentivise the development of tools required for implementation and use by farmers.
Effect of functional diets on intestinal microbiota and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Quiroz-Guzmán Eduardo , Cabrera-Stevens Mónica , Sánchez-Paz Arturo , Mendoza-Cano Fernando , Encinas-García Trinidad , Barajas-Sandoval Diana , Gómez-Gil Bruno , Peña-Rodríguez Alberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
The present study evaluated the effect of four functional diets and a reference diet on the survival and intestinal bacterial community of shrimp Penaeus vannamei infected with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).

Methods and Results
After 42 days of feeding trail, shrimp were inoculated with a Vibrio parahaemolyticus (CIB-0018-3) carrying the plasmid encoding for the PirAB toxins responsible for AHPND. After 120 h postinfection (hpi), shrimp fed with a diet containing 2% of a mix with Curcuma longa and Lepidium meyenii (TuMa) and a diet containing 0.2% of vitamin C (VitC) showed a significantly higher survival (85%) compared to the remaining treatments (50%–55%) (p &lt; 0.05). Infected shrimp fed with TuMa diet, showed a significant reduction of Vibrionales, and VitC diet promoted an increase of Alteromonadales.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the TuMa diet conferred protection against AHPND and could be attributed to a combined effect of antibacterial properties against Vibrionales, and promoting a desirable bacterial community in the shrimp intestine, while the VitC diet protection could be attributed to their antioxidant capacity and in a lower proportion to a bacterial modulation in shrimp gut.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease is a devastating disease that significantly affects aquaculture production of shrimps. Therefore, the use of functional diets that promote resistance to AHPND represents a valuable tool to reduce the mortality of farmed shrimp.
Tenacibaculosis in Norwegian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cage‐farmed in cold sea water is primarily associated with Tenacibaculum finnmarkense genomovar finnmarkense
Authors: Spilsberg Bjørn , Nilsen Hanne K. , Tavornpanich Saraya , Gulla Snorre , Jansen Mona Dverdal , Lagesen Karin , Colquhoun Duncan J. , Olsen Anne‐Berit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSkin conditions associated with Tenacibaculum spp. constitute a significant threat to the health and welfare of sea‐farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. Fifteen presumptive tenacibaculosis outbreaks distributed along the Norwegian coast during the late winter and spring of 2018 were investigated. Bacteriological culture confirmed the presence of Tenacibaculum spp. Seventy‐six isolates cultured from individual fish were selected and subjected to whole‐genome sequencing and MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Average nucleotide identity and MALDI‐TOF analyses confirmed the presence of T. finnmarkense and T. dicentrarchi, with further division of T. finnmarkense into genomovars (gv.) finnmarkense and ulcerans. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses identified the presence of a genetically conserved cluster of gv. finnmarkense isolates against a background of relatively genetically diverse gv. finnmarkense and gv. ulcerans isolates in 13 of the 15 studied cases. This clustering strongly suggests a link between T. finnmarkense gv. finnmarkense and development of clinical tenacibaculosis in sea‐farmed Norwegian salmon in the late winter and spring. Analysis of 25 Tenacibaculum isolates collected during the spring of 2019 from similar cases identified a similar distribution of genotypes. Low water temperatures were common to all cases, and most incidences involved relatively small fish shortly after sea transfer, suggesting that these fish are particularly predisposed to Tenacibaculum infection.
Uterine preserving technique in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: Laparoscopic pectopexy
Authors: Salman Süleyman , Kumbasar Serkan , Yeniocak Ali S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveApical prolapse constitutes an important part of pelvic organ prolapse. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of laparoscopic pectopexy that we made by preserving the uterus in the surgical treatment of apical prolapse.MethodsA total of 36 patients with apical prolapse who wanted to preserve their uterus underwent laparoscopic rectopexy. Apical prolapse and sexual function of the patients were evaluated preoperatively and 12 months after surgery using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) scale and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐12) sexual questionnaire form. Preoperative medical records and postoperative clinical results were recorded.ResultsThere were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in the patients who underwent laparoscopic pectopexy. The average duration of surgery was 48.7 ± 9.8 min. Two patients had a recurrence of apical prolapse. In the Aa, Ba, C, and D points in the POP‐Q staging, significant changes were observed. Postoperative PISQ‐12 scores improved significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionUterine‐preserving laparoscopic pectopexy is a safe, feasible, and effective method for treating pelvic organ prolapse. It also improved the PISQ‐12 and POP‐Q scores in POP patients. Laparoscopic pectopexy may increase a surgeon's technical perspective for pelvic organ prolapse surgery.
When is duplication of effort a good thing in law enforcement?
Authors: Liu Zhiyong (John) , Wang Zhewei , Yin Zhendong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany studies find that public law enforcers have self‐interested reasons to maximize financial recoveries. We analyze a principal‐agent model where a social‐welfare‐maximizing government needs to motivate self‐interested law enforcers to exert enforcement effort to detect offending firms, assuming that a firm's harmful act brings a private gain to himself and a harm to the society. We find that the competitive system with effort duplication dominates that without duplication when the social harm caused by an act is sufficiently large. Our paper thus provides a rationale for the existence of multiple‐enforcer systems with effort duplications in the real world when enforcers are (fully or partially) self‐interested.
Experience of childhood cancer: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Thavakugathasalingam Megalai , Schwind Jasna K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo more fully understand the possible impact of childhood cancer on a young person's life through their own story.Design and MethodsUsing Connelly and Clandinin's narrative inquiry method, a participant named Noelle was engaged in a series of narrative interviews and a creative self‐expression activity about her cancer experience when she was 12. Her story was examined through the three‐dimensional space of experience (person, place, and time), and analyzed using Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development framework theoretical lens.ResultsTwo significant narrative patterns emerged:identityandrelationships. Although the physical effects of the cancer were successfully treated, the impact of this disease impacted Noelle's own psychosocial development as she was trying to evolve her relationships with peers and family, while grappling with her new identity as a cancer patient.Practice ImplicationsHealthcare professionals need to intentionally increase their sensitivity to adolescent patients' lived experience of cancer. More specifically, there is a need for further education of healthcare professionals on the psychosocial impact of cancer in both the immediate and long‐term trajectory of the cancer disease process.
Mandatory detention for criminal convictions: The reproduction of racial inequality throughU.S.immigration law
Authors: Tosh Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the late 1980s, immigrants convicted of certain criminal offenses have been subject to mandatory detention during their deportation proceedings. Due to court backlog and complicated cases, noncitizens mandatorily detained in this way can be held for years at a time, without any legal right to a bail hearing. While political rhetoric and policy aims of the past three decades have painted so‐called “criminal aliens” as a highly dangerous group from whom the American public needs protecting, the criminal convictions that invoke mandatory detention and likely deportation are actually quite diverse, in large part due to the expansion of the “aggravated felony” ground of deportation to include a wide variety of less serious crimes. Drawing from 40 interviews with lawyers and other legal actors in New York City's detained immigration court from 2017 to 2018, this article explores the effects of aggravated felony–based mandatory detention. I argue that in doubly punishing immigrants who have already served time for criminal convictions, the immigration system funnels criminalized noncitizens—particularly those from poor Black and Latinx communities—toward deportation, perpetuating inequality and upholding existing racial hierarchies.
Ferroptosis and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: Is there a link?
Authors: Feng Gong , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Wang Fudi , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently re‐defined and re‐classified as metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has become increasingly prevalent and emerged as a public health problem worldwide. To date, the precise pathogenic mechanisms underpinning MAFLD are not entirely understood, and there is no effective pharmacological therapy for NAFLD/MAFLD. As a newly discovered form of iron‐dependent programmed cell death, ferroptosis can be involved in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, but the pathogenic connections and mechanisms that link MAFLD and ferroptosis have not been fully elucidated. The main characteristics of ferroptosis are the accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. In this brief narrative review, the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its putative pathogenic role in MAFLD are discussed to highlight potential new research directions and ideas for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
The evolutionary pathways for local adaptation in mountain hares
Authors: Giska Iwona , Pimenta João , Farelo Liliana , Boursot Pierre , Hackländer Klaus , Jenny Hannes , Reid Neil , Montgomery W. Ian , Prodöhl Paulo A. , Alves Paulo C. , Melo‐Ferreira José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of local adaptations is a central aim of evolutionary biology and key for the identification of unique populations and lineages of conservation relevance. By combining RAD sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing, we identify genetic signatures of local adaptation in mountain hares (Lepus timidus) from isolated and distinctive habitats of its wide distribution: Ireland, the Alps and Fennoscandia. Demographic modelling suggested that the split of these mountain hares occurred around 20 thousand years ago, providing the opportunity to study adaptive evolution over a short timescale. Using genome‐wide scans, we identified signatures of extreme differentiation among hares from distinct geographic areas that overlap with area‐specific selective sweeps, suggesting targets for local adaptation. Several identified candidate genes are associated with traits related to the uniqueness of the different environments inhabited by the three groups of mountain hares, including coat colour, ability to live at high altitudes and variation in body size. In Irish mountain hares, a variant of ASIP, a gene previously implicated in introgression‐driven winter coat colour variation in mountain and snowshoe hares (L. americanus), may underlie brown winter coats, reinforcing the repeated nature of evolution at ASIP moulding adaptive seasonal colouration. Comparative genomic analyses across several hare species suggested that mountain hares’ adaptive variants appear predominantly species‐specific. However, using coalescent simulations, we also show instances where the candidate adaptive variants have been introduced via introgressive hybridization. Our study shows that standing adaptive variation, including that introgressed from other species, was a crucial component of the post‐glacial dynamics of species.
Local selection signals in the genome of blue tits emphasize regulatory and neuronal evolution
Authors: Mueller Jakob C. , Botero‐Delgadillo Esteban , Espíndola‐Hernández Pamela , Gilsenan Carol , Ewels Phil , Gruselius Joel , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic landscape of adaptation is central to understanding microevolution in wild populations. Genomic targets of selection and the underlying genomic mechanisms of adaptation can be elucidated by genome‐wide scans for past selective sweeps or by scans for direct fitness associations. We sequenced and assembled 150 haplotypes of 75 blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) of a single Central European population by a linked‐read technology. We used these genome data in combination with coalescent simulations (i) to estimate an historical effective population size of ~250,000, which recently declined to ~10,000, and (ii) to identify genome‐wide distributed selective sweeps of beneficial variants probably originating from standing genetic variation (soft sweeps). The genes linked to these soft sweeps, but also those linked to hard sweeps based on new beneficial mutants, showed a significant enrichment for functions associated with gene expression and transcription regulation. This emphasizes the importance of regulatory evolution in the population’s adaptive history. Soft sweeps were further enriched for genes related to axon and synapse development, indicating the significance of neuronal connectivity changes in the brain potentially linked to behavioural adaptations. A previous scan of heterozygosity–fitness correlations revealed a consistent negative effect on arrival date at the breeding site for a single microsatellite in the MDGA2 gene. Here, we used the haplotype structure around this microsatellite to explain the effect as a local and direct outbreeding effect of a gene involved in synapse development.