bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TACTICS - Trial of Advanced CT Imaging and Combined Education Support for Drip and Ship: evaluating the effectiveness of an ‘implementation intervention’ in providing better patient access to reperfusion therapies: protocol for a non-randomised controlled stepped wedge cluster trial in acute stroke
Authors: Ryan Annika , Paul Christine L , Cox Martine , Whalen Olivia , Bivard Andrew , Attia John , Bladin Christopher , Davis Stephen M , Campbell Bruce C V , Parsons Mark , Grimley Rohan S , Anderson Craig , Donnan Geoffrey A , Oldmeadow Christopher , Kuhle Sarah , Walker Frederick R , Hood Rebecca J , Maltby Steven , Keynes Angela , Delcourt Candice , Hatchwell Luke , Malavera Alejandra , Yang Qing , Wong Andrew , Muller Claire , Sabet Arman , Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Brown Helen , Spratt Neil , Kleinig Timothy , Butcher Ken , Levi Christopher R 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStroke reperfusion therapies, comprising intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), are best practice treatments for eligible acute ischemic stroke patients. In Australia, EVT is provided at few, mainly metropolitan, comprehensive stroke centres (CSC). There are significant challenges for Australia’s rural and remote populations in accessing EVT, but improved access can be facilitated by a ‘drip and ship’ approach. TACTICS (Trial of Advanced CT Imaging and Combined Education Support for Drip and Ship) aims to test whether a multicomponent, multidisciplinary implementation intervention can increase the proportion of stroke patients receiving EVT.Methods and analysisThis is a non-randomised controlled, stepped wedge trial involving six clusters across three Australian states. Each cluster comprises one CSC hub and a minimum of three primary stroke centre (PSC) spokes. Hospitals will work in a hub and spoke model of care with access to a multislice CT scanner and CT perfusion image processing software (MIStar, Apollo Medical Imaging). The intervention, underpinned by behavioural theory and technical assistance, will be allocated sequentially, and clusters will move from the preintervention (control) period to the postintervention period.Primary outcomeProportion of all stroke patients receiving EVT, accounting for clustering.Secondary outcomesProportion of patients receiving IVT at PSCs, proportion of treated patients (IVT and/or EVT) with good (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) or poor (mRS score 5–6) functional outcomes and European Quality of Life Scale scores 3 months postintervention, proportion of EVT-treated patients with symptomatic haemorrhage, and proportion of reperfusion therapy-treated patients with good versus poor outcome who presented with large vessel occlusion at spokes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (18/09/19/4.13, HREC/18/HNE/241, 2019/ETH01238). Trial results will be disseminated widely through published manuscripts, conference presentations and at national and international platforms regardless of whether the trial was positive or neutral.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000750189; UTNU1111-1230-4161.
Complete loss of the X-linked geneCASKcauses severe cerebellar degeneration
Authors: Patel Paras A , Hegert Julia V , Cristian Ingrid , Kerr Alicia , LaConte Leslie E W , Fox Michael A , Srivastava Sarika , Mukherjee Konark 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHeterozygous loss of X-linked genes likeCASKand MeCP2 (Rett syndrome) causes developmental delay in girls, while in boys, loss of the only allele of these genes leads to epileptic encephalopathy. The mechanism for these disorders remains unknown.CASK-linked cerebellar hypoplasia is presumed to result from defects in Tbr1-reelin-mediated neuronal migration.MethodHere we report clinical and histopathological analyses of a deceased 2-month-old boy with aCASK-null mutation. We next generated a mouse line whereCASKis completely deleted (hemizygous and homozygous) from postmigratory neurons in the cerebellum.ResultTheCASK-null human brain was smaller in size but exhibited normal lamination without defective neuronal differentiation, migration or axonal guidance. The hypoplastic cerebellum instead displayed astrogliosis and microgliosis, which are markers for neuronal loss. We therefore hypothesise thatCASKloss-induced cerebellar hypoplasia is the result of early neurodegeneration. Data from the murine model confirmed that in CASK loss, a small cerebellum results from postdevelopmental degeneration of cerebellar granule neurons. Furthermore, at least in the cerebellum, functional loss fromCASKdeletion is secondary to degeneration of granule cells and not due to an acute molecular functional loss ofCASK. Intriguingly, female mice with heterozygous deletion ofCASKin the cerebellum do not display neurodegeneration.ConclusionWe suggest that X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders likeCASKmutation and Rett syndrome are pathologically neurodegenerative; random X-chromosome inactivation in heterozygous mutant girls, however, results in 50% of cells expressing the functional gene, resulting in a non-progressive pathology, whereas complete loss of the only allele in boys leads to unconstrained degeneration and encephalopathy.
Internet solicitation linked to enhanced occupational health and safety outcomes among sex workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada 2010–2019
Authors: Machat Sylvia , Lyons Tara , Braschel Melissa , Shannon Kate , Goldenberg Shira 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesExamine the independent association between online solicitation and sex workers’ (SWs’) occupational health and safety (OHS), particularly violence and work stress.MethodsData were drawn from a cohort of women SWs (N=942, 2010–2019) in Vancouver, Canada. Analyses used descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable logistic and linear regression using generalised estimating equations (GEE); explanatory and confounder modelling approaches were used.Results33.9% (n=319) of participants solicited online and 14.1% (n=133) primarily solicited online in the last 6 months in at least one study visit. In multivariable GEE analysis, factors associated with primarily soliciting online included younger age (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.95 per year older, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97), sexual minority status (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.10), gender minority status (AOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.80 to 5.28), higher education (AOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.40), higher sex work income (AOR 1.03 per $100 weekly, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06), being an im/migrant to Canada (AOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.58) and primarily servicing in informal indoor workspaces (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 2.32 to 5.20). In separate GEE confounder models, primarily soliciting online significantly (1) reduced odds of physical/sexual workplace violence (AOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.06) and (2) reduced work stress (β coefficient −0.93, 95% CI −1.59 to −0.26).Discussion/conclusionsYounger workers, gender/sexual minorities, im/migrants and those in informal indoor spaces had higher odds of soliciting online. Confounder models indicate access to online solicitation methods may support enhanced OHS. Decriminalisation of sex work—including advertising via online platforms—remains necessary to support SWs’ OHS.
Impact of the early 2020 COVID-19 crisis and lockdown on PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in France
Authors: Di Ciaccio Marion , Villes Virginie , Michels David , Morel Stéphane , Delabre Rosemary M , Rojas Castro Daniela , Velter Annie 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo describe changes in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use during and following the COVID-19 lockdown in France (March–May 2020) and identify the factors associated with PrEP discontinuation among men who have sex with men (MSM) after the lockdown.MethodsData from the, an anonymous, cross-sectional internet survey among MSM in July 2020, were analysed. Among respondents who were using PrEP prior to the lockdown, a binary logistic regression model was used to compare participants who were still taking PrEP (current PrEP users) with those who were not taking PrEP at the time of the survey (former PrEP users).ResultsAmong 8345 respondents, 946 were PrEP users before the lockdown, of whom 58.8% (n=556) reported stopping PrEP during the lockdown and 15.4% (n=146) were not using PrEP at the time of the survey. Among the 556 who stopped PrEP during lockdown, 86.5% (n=481) reported no sexual activity; 76.8% (n=427) restarted PrEP after lockdown. Former PrEP users were more likely to be younger, not living with a stable male sexual partner, report moderate anxiety, report increased psychoactive drug use during the lockdown, and report not having tested for HIV or STI since the end of the lockdown because they did not know where to go, preferred to wait or for another reason. Reporting fewer male sexual partners in the last 6 months was also significantly associated with being a former PrEP user.ConclusionsMSM adapted PrEP use to their sexual activity during and after the French lockdown. After the lockdown, discontinued PrEP occurred more often among MSM who had fewer sexual partners and had mental health vulnerabilities. These factors could also be predictive of PrEP discontinuation in a more general context. PrEP users should be informed on how to safely stop/start PrEP and on the use of other prevention tools to reduce potential risk exposure during PrEP discontinuation.
Acute exacerbations in children’s interstitial lung disease
Authors: Seidl Elias , Schwerk Nicolaus , Carlens Julia , Wetzke Martin , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Kiper Nural , Lange Joanna , Krenke Katarzyna , Szepfalusi Zsolt , Stehling Florian , Baden Winfried , Hämmerling Susanne , Jerkic Silvija-Pera , Proesmans Marijke , Ullmann Nicola , Buchvald Frederik , Knoflach Katrin , Kappler Matthias ,   the chILD EU collaborators, Griese Matthias 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAcute exacerbations (AEs) increase morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. Little is known about the characteristics and impact of AEs on children's interstitial lung disease (chILD).MethodsThe Kids Lung Register collected data on AEs, the clinical course and quality of life (patient-reported outcomes - PRO) of rare paediatric lung diseases. Characteristics of AEs were obtained.ResultsData of 2822 AEs and 2887 register visits of 719 patients with chILD were recorded. AEs were characterised by increased levels of dyspnoea (74.1%), increased respiratory rate (58.6%) and increased oxygen demand (57.4%). Mostly, infections (94.4%) were suspected causing an AE. AEs between two register visits revealed a decline in predicted FEV1 (median −1.6%, IQR −8.0 to 3.9; p=0.001), predicted FVC (median −1.8%, IQR −7.5 to 3.9; p=0.004), chILD-specific questionnaire (median −1.3%, IQR −3.6 to 4.5; p=0.034) and the physical health summary score (median −3.1%, IQR −15.6 to 4.3; p=0.005) compared with no AEs in between visits. During the median observational period of 2.5 years (IQR 1.2–4.6), 81 patients died. For 49 of these patients (60.5%), mortality was associated with an AE.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive study analysing the characteristics and impact on the clinical course of AEs in chILD. AEs have a significant and deleterious effect on the clinical course and health-related quality of life in chILD.
Promoting convergence and closing gaps using affordability-based minimum taxes: an illustration using the European Union Tobacco Tax Directive
Authors: Branston J Robert , López-Nicolás Ángel 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe rules governing tobacco taxation in the European Union (EU) are currently under revision. Earlier research has proposed reforms aimed at stimulating price convergence across countries by linking national minimum taxes to a measure of average prices across the EU. This paper proposes that revised tax rules include an affordability criterion whereby minimum taxes are required to be no less than a common prespecified fraction of domestic average disposable income.MethodsLongitudinal data on prices and taxes on factory-made cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco in 24 EU member states and the UK between 2011 and 2019 are used to estimate econometric models for their weighted average prices as a function of taxes. Two scenarios are simulated with the models’ estimates: a baseline scenario for the actual tax stance pertaining to 2020 and a reform scenario implementing an additional affordability criterion.ResultsThe affordability criterion would significantly increase the price of both tobacco products, particularly in richer countries with relatively low tobacco prices that are often not affected by the increases in nominal minima mandated by the EU rules. There would also be some price convergence between the two tobacco products, both on average and in the majority of countries.ConclusionsSuch results show an affordability criterion could be a potentially fruitful complement to the tax reforms proposed in earlier research.
Baryon decays $$J/\psi \rightarrow B{\bar{B}}$$ within the QCD factorisation framework
Authors: Kivel Nikolay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

decays into octet baryon–antibaryons pairs. The decay amplitudes are computed within the collinear QCD factorisation framework. The subleading amplitude, which describes the decay of longitudinally polarised charmonium, is computed using twist-4 three-quark distribution amplitudes. The obtained results are used for a qualitative analysis of the experimental data. It is found that the polarisation parameter $$\alpha _B$$

α
B

can be described with an accuracy 10–30%, which may indicate that the pQCD contribution dominates this observable.
Modern Art Design System Based on the Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yinan 
Published: February 2022

Depending on the rapid growth of technology and computer science and globalization, increasing universities and various training programs are expected to achieve increasing lifelong education currently. Based on the increase of visual saturation, one of these programs is undoubtedly visual arts creation. Nowadays, there is a need to reconsider the content of art education and arts programs in the light of modern art productions, changing aesthetic judgments, and social changes.One of the most challenging tasks an art teacher faces in today‘s classroom is explaining the meaning behind the art that is sometimes deemed meaningless or shocking. Hence, in this paper, Deep Learning Algorithm (DLA) has been proposed for modern art education.Profound learning outcomes in the art world shifted people’s traditional views; more and more people consider that when AI eventually eliminates artists, it is not a long way. To examine the algorithm’s performance in practise, experimental assessment exposes it to learning tasks. Such algorithmic features are frequently evaluated independently in terms of performance while learning a model, i.e. at training time, and performance while applying a learnt model, i.e. at test time. This article discusses the implementation of deep learning in drawing, music, literature, and describes the classical models and algorithms in those fields of art. One of the most significant aspects of utilising a deep learning technique is its capacity to perform feature engineering on its own. In this technique, an algorithm searches the data for characteristics that correlate and then combines together to facilitate quicker learning without being expressly directed to provide it. The proposed method supports a comprehensive approach to teaching and learning in the arts and outlines standards and skills for the art teacher in the content of art, knowledge of the students, instruction, curriculum development, and evaluation of student learning outcomes, program, and teacher effectiveness.
Investigation of New 2D Half Metallic Ferromagnetic Materials
Authors: Torrichi M. , Ziani N. , Belmekki M. 
Published: February 2022

In this work, we studied doping of pure hafnium disulfide (HfS2) by nonmagnetic atoms C and N. This doping was carried out by the substitution of a host atom S by doping atom C or N. The purpose of this work is to search new half-metallic material for the field of spintronics. This theoretical study is based on density functional theory (DFT) and GGA-PBE approximation. Our calculation revealed that the HfS2 binary material doping with carbon and nitrogen induces strong magnetism and predicts new doped materials HfS2-C and HfS2-N. Their magnetic moments are respectively 2[Formula: see text] and 1[Formula: see text]. The host atoms Hf and the doping atoms induce a strong magnetic moment, while the host atoms S introduce a weak magnetic moment. This magnetism results fundamentally from the coupling between the Hf-5d states and the X-2p states (X = C and N). These two new materials will be promising for the spintronic domain.
Genomic Analysis of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) Vaccine Breakthrough Infections in the City of Mumbai
Authors: Shetty Arusha , Chatterjee Gaurav , Rajpal Sweta , Srivastava Tuhina , Gardi Nilesh , Mirgh Sumeet , Gokarn Anant , Punatar Sachin , Shetty Nitin , Joshi Amit , Nair Sudhir , Murthy Vedang , Khattry Navin , Tembhare Prashant , Dikshit Rajesh , Chaturvedi Pankaj , More Ashwini , Kamtalwar Sujeet , Chavan Preeti , Bhat Vivek , Patil Amar , Dhumal Sachin , Bhat Prashant , Subramanian Papagudi , Gujral Sumeet , Badwe Rajendra , Patkar Nikhil , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: February 2022

Background. This manuscript describes the genetic features of SARS-CoV-2 mutations, prevalent phylogenetic lineages, and the disease severity amongst COVID-19-vaccinated individuals in a tertiary cancer hospital during the second wave of the pandemic in Mumbai, India. Methods. This observational study included 159 COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic from 17th March to 1st June 2021 at a tertiary cancer care centre in Mumbai. The cohort comprised of healthcare workers, staff relatives, cancer patients, and patient relatives. For comparison, 700 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced during the first wave (23rd April to 25th September 2020) at the same centre were also analysed. Patients were assigned to nonvaccinated (no vaccination or <14 days from the 1st dose, n = 92), dose 1(≥14 days from the 1st dose to <14 days from the 2nd dose, n = 29), and dose 2 (≥14 days from the 2nd dose, n = 38) groups. Primary measure was the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic lineages among different groups. In addition, severity of COVID-19 was assessed according to clinical and genomic variables. Results. Kappa B.1.1671.1 and delta B.1.617.2 variants contributed to an overwhelming majority of sequenced genomes (unvaccinated: 40/92, 43.5% kappa, 46/92, 50% delta; dose 1: 14/29, 48.3% kappa, 15/29, 51.7% delta; and dose 2: 23/38, 60.5% kappa, 14/38 36.8% delta). The proportion of the kappa and delta variants did not differ significantly across the unvaccinated, dose 1, and dose 2 groups (

p

= 0.27). There was no occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the dose 2 group (0/38, 0% vs. 14/121, 11.6%;

p

= 0.02). SARS-CoV-2 genomes from all three severe COVID-19 patients in the vaccinated group belonged to the delta lineage (3/28, 10.7% vs. 0/39, 0.0%,

p

= 0.04). Conclusions. Sequencing analysis of SARS-COV-2 genomes from Mumbai during the second wave of COVID-19 suggests the prevalence of the kappa B.1.617.1 and the delta B.1.627.2 variants among both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Continued evaluation of genomic sequencing data from breakthrough COVID-19 is necessary for monitoring the properties of evolving variants of concern and formulating appropriate immune response boosting and therapeutic strategies.
Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Prevalence and Comorbidity with Other Non-communicable Diseases and HIV Infection, among Hospitalized Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Massongo Massongo , Ngarka Leonard , Balkissou Dodo Adamou , Poka-Mayap Virginie , Sonwa Steve Voufouo , Tatah Godwin Y. , Nfor Leonard N. , Mengnjo Michel K. , Chokoke Eric-Samuel , Moutlen Ben Patrick Michel , Perrig Stephen , Pefura-Yone Eric Walter , Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu 
Published: February 2022

Background. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), a growing public health threat, is an emerging condition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Related SSA studies have so far used an incomplete definition. This study is aimed at assessing SAS using an American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) complete definition and at exploring its relationship with comorbidities, among patients hospitalized in a Cameroonian tertiary hospital. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology departments of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Patients aged 21 and above were consecutively invited, and some of them were randomly selected to undergo a full night record using a portable sleep monitoring device, to diagnose sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). SAS was defined as an

apnea
−
hypopnea

index

AHI

≥
5

/h, associated with either excessive daytime sleepiness or at least 3 compatible symptoms. Moderate to severe SAS (MS-SAS) stood for an

AHI
≥
15
/
h

. We used chi-square or Fisher tests to compare SAS and non-SAS groups. Findings. One hundred and eleven patients presented a valid sleep monitoring report. Their

mean

age
±
standard

deviation

(range) was

58
±
12.5

(28–87) years, and 53.2% were female. The prevalence (95% confident interval (CI)) of SAS was 55.0 (45.7, 64.2)% and the one of MS-SAS 34.2 (25.4, 43.1)%. The obstructive pattern (90.2% of SAS and 86.8% of MS-SAS) was predominant. The prevalence of SAS among specific comorbidities ranged from 52.2% to 75.0%. Compared to SAS free patients, more SAS patients presented with hypertension (75.4% vs. 48.0%,

p
=
0.005
%

), history of stroke (36.7% vs. 32.0%,

p
=
0.756

), cardiac failure (23.0% vs. 12.0%,

p
=
0.213

), and combined cardiovascular comorbidity (80.3% vs. 52.0%,

p
=
0.003

). Similar results were observed for MS-SAS. Metabolic and neuropsychiatric comorbidities did not differ between SAS and SAS-free patients. Conclusion. The SAS diagnosed using modified AASM definition showed high prevalence among patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions, as it was found with SDB. Unlike HIV infection, metabolic and brain conditions, cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension and cardiac failure) were significantly more prevalent in SAS patients.
LA POÉTIQUE DU PAYSAGE CHEZ EDOUARD GLISSANT
Authors: Boudraa Nabil 
Published: February 2022

Il s’agit dans cet article d’analyser la poétique du paysage dans l’œuvre d’Edouard Glissant en se focalisant surtout sur son premier roman, La Lézarde. Ce qui nous intéresse dans cette analyse n’est pas seulement la façon par laquelle ce paysage est subjectivisé, senti, vécu et interprété par les personnages/narrateurs, mais surtout ce que ce paysage représente en termes d’identité et de la relation à l’Autre. Autrement dit, nous examinerons comment Edouard Glissant s’inspire de cette thématique du paysage pour l’élaboration de sa poétique du Rhizome, c’est-à-dire de la Relation.