bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10.24% Efficiency of Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells by Pre‐Evaporation Selenization Technique
Authors: Xie Weihao , Sun Quanzhen , Yan Qiong , Wu Jionghua , Zhang Caixia , Zheng Qiao , Lai Yunfeng , Deng Hui , Cheng Shuying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells show great potential due to non‐toxicity and low cost. The quality of CZTSSe absorber suffering from the high‐temperature selenization process is the key to overcoming open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit and obtaining high efficiency. In this work, the authors develop a selenization technique to improve the quality of the CZTSSe layer by pre‐evaporation selenization. This method provides saturated selenium vapor at the beginning of the selenization process to promote the crystallization process. The oversaturated selenium source greatly shortens the annealing time at high temperatures. The prepared CZTSSe films have larger grains and fewer voids. The measurement of the space charge limited current shows that the defect density of the CZTSSe absorber is significantly reduced from 4.43 × 1013 cm−3 to 3.46 × 1013 cm−3. Electrical tests show that the devices have better charge separation at the interface, resulting in a charge recombination lifetime, increasing from 133 to 197 µs. The power conversion efficiency of the flexible CZTSSe solar cell reaches 10.24% with VOC and the fill factor enhances to 463 mV and 62%, respectively. The safe non‐toxicity and efficient selenization method is expected to provide a new strategy for high‐efficiency flexible CZTSSe solar cells.
Peer review audit (PRA) in ultrasound practice: A paper based on established UK sonography PRA models which are generalizable to other jurisdictions
Authors: Smith Shaunna Leanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeer review is an important and integral part of any healthcare career. This takes many formats, with a recently recognised format in ultrasound being peer review audit (PRA). PRA in sonography involves the assessment of sonographic examinations based on set criteria, in an open forum. PRA also involves sharing interesting or complicated ultrasound cases. The process is an opportunity to learn and maintain/improve patient safety. This paper outlines a suggested process for performing robust PRA, based on models used in the United Kingdom, as an introduction to sonographers unfamiliar with PRA.
The development of a mobile app‐focused deduplication strategy for the Apple Heart Study that informs recommendations for future digital trials
Authors: Garcia Ariadna , Lee Justin , Balasubramanian Vidhya , Gardner Rebecca , Gummidipundi Santosh E. , Hung Grace , Ferris Todd , Cheung Lauren , Desai Sumbul , Granger Christopher B. , Hills Mellanie True , Kowey Peter , Nag Divya , Rumsfeld John S. , Russo Andrea M. , Stein Jeffrey W. , Talati Nisha , Tsay David , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Perez Marco V. , Turakhia Mintu P. , Hedlin Haley , Desai Manisha ,   the Apple Heart Study Investigators
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn app‐based clinical trial enrolment process can contribute to duplicated records, carrying data management implications. Our objective was to identify duplicated records in real time in the Apple Heart Study (AHS). We leveraged personal identifiable information (PII) to develop a dissimilarity score (DS) using the Damerau–Levenshtein distance. For computational efficiency, we focused on four types of records at the highest risk of duplication. We used the receiver operating curve (ROC) and resampling methods to derive and validate a decision rule to classify duplicated records. We identified 16,398 (4%) duplicated participants, resulting in 419,297 unique participants out of a total of 438,435 possible. Our decision rule yielded a high positive predictive value (96%) with negligible impact on the trial's original findings. Our findings provide principled solutions for future digital trials. When establishing deduplication procedures for digital trials, we recommend collecting device identifiers in addition to participant identifiers; collecting and ensuring secure access to PII; conducting a pilot study to identify reasons for duplicated records; establishing an initial deduplication algorithm that can be refined; creating a data quality plan that informs refinement; and embedding the initial deduplication algorithm in the enrolment platform to ensure unique enrolment and linkage to previous records.
Size and Distribution of Parr Produced from Natural‐ and Hatchery‐Origin Steelhead Spawning Naturally in a Small Pacific Northwest Coastal Stream
Authors: Kennedy Benjamen M. , Smith Matt J. , Holmes John S. A. , Root Roger P. , Smith Christian T. , Peterson Douglas P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies suggest that steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss produced from local hatchery‐origin (HOR) adults have lower lifetime fitness than their natural‐origin (NOR) counterparts. To increase our understanding of this pattern, we compared age‐1 parr size and distribution produced by a local integrated population of HOR and NOR adults spawning naturally across a range of environmental conditions. Across 8 years, we used genetic parentage assignments and field measurements of parr in conjunction with creek temperature and flow data to find small, nonbiologically significant differences in size between parr of different parent origins. This suggests that parr produced by HOR adults are acquiring enough resources to grow at a rate similar to that of parr produced by NOR adults. In contrast to origin, we found strong positive associations between mean size of parr and annual mean water temperature and summer flow. Additionally, the distribution of parr was similar and HOR‐produced parr were not skewed relative to the location of the hatchery. Parr occupying the full extent of accessible and suitable habitat might be a positive outcome for hatchery programs seeking to supplement an existing population or replace an extirpated population. However, these results also imply that HOR fish could be competing with NOR fish for food and space, which might be less desirable if the goal of the hatchery program is harvest and not supplementation. Our results highlight the importance of clearly articulated goals for the hatchery program, as the observed pattern could be deemed a benefit or a risk depending on the hatchery's purpose. Lastly, projections for higher water temperatures and reduced summer flows, when considered in the context of the correlations we observed for size of parr, imply that coastal steelhead populations could start experiencing negative climate impacts with respect to steelhead parr growth metrics during the summer in the next few decades.
Recent Updates on Supramolecular‐Based Drug Delivery – Macrocycles and Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSupramolecules‐based drug delivery has attracted significant recent research attention as it could enhance drug solubility, retention time, targeting, and stimuli responsiveness. Among the different supramolecules and assemblies, the macrocycles and the supramolecular hydrogels are the two important categories investigated to a greater extent. Here, we provide the most recent advancements in these categories. Under macrocycles, reports on drug delivery by cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes/pillararenes, crown ethers and porphyrins are detailed. The second category discusses the supramolecular hydrogels of macrocycles/polymers and low molecular weight gelators. The updated information provided could be helpful to advance R & D in this vital area.
Startup strategies for mainstream anammox polishing in moving bed biofilm reactors
Authors: Schoepflin Sarah , Macmanus Justin , Long Chenghua , McCullough Kester , Klaus Stephanie , De Clippeleir Haydée , Wilson Chris , Parsons Mike , Chandran Kartik , Bott Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated startup strategies for mainstream polishing anammox moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) without anammox bacterial (AMX) biomass inoculation. Two types of startups were tested: anammox only (no external carbon addition) and partial denitrification/anammox (PdNA) with glycerol addition. Reactors were started with either virgin carriers or carriers with a preliminary biofilm from a mainstream aerobic integrated fixed‐film activated sludge (IFAS) process. Three pilot‐scale startups were completed under the following conditions: anammox‐only with preliminary biofilm carriers, PdNA with preliminary biofilm carriers, and PdNA with virgin carriers. AMX presence was confirmed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after 57, 57, and 77 days, respectively. Prior to AMX detection, average influent concentrations of ammonia and nitrite ranged from 1.7–2.7 mg/L and 0.98–1.8 mg/L, respectively. This study demonstrated that AMX can be grown on carriers without AMX seeding under mainstream conditions (temperature 17–29°C, low ammonia and nitrite), regardless of whether nitrite came from upstream or partial denitrification within the reactor. This study also showed that using preliminary biofilm carriers can decrease startup time by approximately 1 month. These results address critical questions for moving mainstream anammox processes to full‐scale implementation, and suggest that PdNA MBBRs are feasible and sustainable for full‐scale ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite polishing to meet stringent total nitrogen requirements.Practitioner Points

This research will help utilities develop methods for starting up mainstream anammox MBBRs without the barrier of anammox biomass seeding.
Preliminary biofilm carriers accelerated startup time in a PdNA MBBR, but a virgin carrier reactor started up in a similar timeframe, contrary to expectations.
Also, contrary to expectations, high concentrations of ammonia and nitrite are not necessary for startup of an anammox or PdNA MBBR.
Fort Ancient wild turkey harvesting strategies in northern Kentucky
Authors: Manzano Bruce L. , Pollack David , Henderson A. Gwynn , Erhardt Andrea , Munizzi Jordon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFox Farm (1300–1650 CE) is a 16.2 ha Native American farming village in Mason County, Kentucky. The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)death assemblage documented for this site is suggestive of a harvesting strategy that differs from that of Fort Ancient villages occupied for shorter periods of time. Relative to those villages, the residents of Fox Farm killed twice as many male as female wild turkeys. By focusing on adult males, the residents of Fox Farm were able to maintain a sustainable wild turkey population in the vicinity of their village, which allowed them to live at this locality for more than 300 years.
Characteristics, attitudes, and motivations of hunting mentors in Florida
Authors: Bakner Nicholas W. , Tyler Pittman H. , Shields Roger D. , Wood Jeremy D. , Morales Nia A. , Rumble Joy N. , Leal Arthur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcross the United States, conservation leaders have been concerned about declines in hunting participation because hunting license sales and taxes on the sale of equipment used for hunting generate a significant portion of wildlife conservation funding. Natural resource agencies have begun focusing on recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) initiatives to reverse this decline. These initiatives, in part, seek to increase participation in hunting and shooting sports of currently nonhunting audiences. One of the primary techniques used by the R3 initiative is to develop mentoring programs that provide hunting opportunities for participants with an experienced hunter. Because of its unique and flexible tactics (e.g., calling, still hunting vs run and gun hunting), turkey hunting affords a natural opportunity for mentoring to take place. However, to make mentoring programs efficient and effective, R3 practitioners must have an understanding of the demographics of mentors and what challenges or incentives may exist to participating in a mentoring program. Therefore, we surveyed Florida turkey hunters to (1) understand the demographics of turkey hunters who mentor and (2) assess the challenges, benefits, and incentives to mentoring other turkey hunters in Florida. In 2015, we collected a random sample of 2,817 Florida hunters eligible to hunt turkeys from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission hunting license registry. A total of 710 respondents actively hunted turkeys in the state of Florida. Experienced turkey hunters who mentor perceived challenges (lack of time, interferes with their own hunting opportunity, unfamiliar with mentoring opportunities) less and viewed incentives less than novice and intermediate experienced mentoring hunters. Among wild turkey hunters in Florida, the propensity to mentor was greater among men and those who hunted private land and increased with level of turkey‐hunting experience. To recruit new mentors, agencies must increase awareness of formal mentor programs that focus a connection to public land access and provide recognition to the individuals attending.
Space‐use, movements, and survival of translocated eastern wild turkeys in east Texas
Authors: Sullivan Daniel J. , Cohen Bradley S. , Poteet Micah L. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranslocation failures are driven by the inability of animals to adapt to abiotic and biotic factors occurring in the new landscape. Translocated animals typically prospect the local landscape post‐release, and the presence of conspecifics positively influences translocation success via reductions in post‐release movements. Extensive efforts to restore eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) to east Texas have yielded mixed results, leading to a low‐density, fragmented population. Therefore, information on space use, movements, and survival of translocated turkeys may improve the success of future translocation efforts. We translocated 78 female and 23 male wild turkeys to Angelina National Forest, TX, USA, during 2016–2017. We monitored translocated turkeys using GPS telemetry and observed an apparent decline in space use and movements at approximately 20 days post‐release for turkeys translocated in 2016. Turkeys translocated in 2016 in the absence of conspecifics maintained larger mean daily core area and home range sizes and moved greater daily distances from the release site and between roosts during days 1–20 compared to days 21–80. Conversely, females translocated in the presence of conspecifics (during 2017) used smaller daily core areas and home range sizes than females in 2016 and moved shorter distances. We modelled survival using Cox proportional hazards models and determined survival declined with greater daily core area size and daily distance travelled during year 1, but the effect of daily distance travelled was not significant in year 2. Our results suggest that translocations to areas with wild turkeys present may be a strategy to minimize movements and improve survival, thereby increasing translocation success.
Remembrance Beyond Forgiveness
Authors: Satne Paula 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI argue that political forgiveness is sometimes, but not always, compatible with public commemoration of politically motivated wrongdoing. I start by endorsing the claim that commemorating serious past wrongdoing has moral value and imposes moral demands on key actors within post-conflict societies. I am concerned withactivecommemoration, that is, the deliberate acts of bringing victims and the wrong done to them to public attention. The main issue is whether political forgiveness requires forgetting and conversely whether remembrance can be an impediment to political forgiveness. The notion of political forgiveness, its definition, very possibility and desirability are contentious issues in the contemporary literature. I develop a multidimensional account of political forgiveness with a core element. The core element of political forgiveness involves taking a non-adversarial stance towards perpetrators in the sense of committing to stop holding their wrongdoing against them. The core element of forgiveness is usually combined with other attitudes and practices, which are appropriate depending on the circumstances. This is due to the fact that there are different ways of holding a wrong against an offender. I argue that forgiving perpetrators is not compatible with continue to punishing them, refusing to reconcile with them, and/or reminding them of their misdeed if perpetrators refuse to accept punishment, deny the importance of commemorating the past or wish to reconcile against the victim’s desires. I show thatsomeforms of political forgiveness are not morally legitimate because they conflict with moral demands to punish perpetrators, commemorate atrocities and respect victims. This conclusion is less alarming than it might initially seem because the refusal to forgive politically motivated wrongdoing does not necessarily lead to the perpetuation of violence and conflict. I briefly draw on the example of Argentina in order to show how some forms of political un-forgiveness can be morally legitimate and effective ways for victims to uphold these demands.
Trends in Population and Socioeconomic Development in Southeast Asia
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoutheast Asia is composed of 631.7 million people (World Bank in Health nutrition and population statistics, 2015) spread across 11 countries that lie east of the Indian continent and south of China. Geographically, insular Southeast Asia includes Brunei, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore while Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Vietnam comprise mainland Southeast Asia
Conclusion
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis book shows that the patterns in family, socioeconomic and demographic changes in Southeast are complex and heterogeneous. The size of the population ranges from one of the largest countries in the world—Indonesia that has about 260 million—to one of the smallest countries in the world—Brunei that has less than half a million people. Most countries have experienced growth that has doubled or tripled their population since 1960.
Rheumatism and wIRA Therapy
Authors: Vogler D. , Schmittat G. , Ohrndorf S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRheumatologic disorders comprise various conditions having different etiologies and pathogenesis, the leading clinical symptoms of which are chronic joint pain and musculoskeletal impairment. In the context of a multimodal therapy concept, the use of hyperthermia (HT) is a classical and developing adjuvant symptomatic treatment option. wIRA is an effective and well-established variant of thermal therapy in different rheumatologic disorders. This article summarizes the current state of research into locally applied wIRA in the field of rheumatism and rheumatological diseases.Local and serially applied wIRA significantly relieves pain in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia (FM), which, at least reduces the requirement for analgesics and has positive effects on well-being, functional status or disease activity. wIRA has been shown to reduce levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Given its safety and tolerability, wIRA is highly amenable in combination with standard therapies.Currently, wIRA effects are assessed in OA patients, non-inflammatory arthralgia and recent-onset arthritis of the hands. Preliminary data on effects on pain, global disease burden and functional status are promising. The potential value of wIRA, for e.g., Raynaud’s phenomena and sclerotic skin changes, need further evaluation.
From Sun to Therapeutic wIRA
Authors: Müller W. , Piazena H. , Vaupel Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLife on Earth is significantly influenced by the electromagnetic radiation of the sun. Its energy most probably stimulated physical/chemical processes and has been used by living organisms for further development during evolution. The radiation is generated by nuclear fusion in the core of the sun and emitted into space with a wide range of different wavelengths. The terrestrial spectrum of this radiation shows characteristic absorption bands caused by atmospheric gases, mainly by water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. The water molecules are excited by the absorption of preferentially long-wavelength radiation, which leads to absorption bands in the spectral range of the IR-A and to the total elimination of IR-B and IR-C. The excitation causes vibrations and rotations of the water molecules, increasing their kinetic energy, i.e., heat. This effect is used in medicine for therapeutic heating of tissues. It is technically achieved by water-filtered IR-A (wIRA) radiatior. Its radiation is comparable to the IR-A part of the terrestrial solar spectrum, but its total irradiance in the IR-A is much higher than that of the sun and can be adapted to therapeutic needs.
Water-Filtered Infrared A Irradiation in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Heat for Lower Back Pain
Authors: Klemm P. , Aykara I. , Lange U. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of serial locally applied wIRA (sl-wIRA) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is described: time of onset and duration of pain reduction, changes in disease activity and functionality, and changes at the molecular level (cytokines).Seventy-one patients with axSpA receiving an inpatient 7-day multimodal rheumatologic complex therapy (MRCT) were randomized into two groups: 35 patients with standardized MRCT (control group = CG) and 36 patients (intervention group = IG) with additive serial sl-wIRA (2 irradiations/day, total of 12 applications) of the back region.In IG, a significant pain reduction compared to daily baseline values was observed on days 1, 2, and 6 and compared to CG. There was a significant improvement of the global health and functional parameters in IG, a significant reduction of disease activity, and a significant drop in TNF-α serum levels, also significantly different to CG. Levels of IL-1, -6, -10 remained unchanged.sl-wIRA, as part of an MRCT in axSpA patients, caused a significant pain decrease on days 2 and 6, allowing an analgesics reduction. Improvement in the general state of health was noted. Decreasing serum levels of TNF-α may explain, at the molecular level, the subjective pain relief.
wIRA-Related Research and Medical Applications: Cornerstones and Further Reading of Interest
Authors: Gebbers Jan-Olaf , Vaupel Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter intends to fuel the readers’ discussion on wIRA applications, inspires further research and draws the readers’ attention to (a) some highlights of therapies that have delivered proven beneficial effects, (b) interesting basic research, and (c) the extensive breadth of wIRA applications that have been studied in an increasingly active area of research, as well as the clinical trials in different fields of medicine. Nevertheless, basic research on the nature and possible implementations of wIRA must be considered and continued. Of course, given the large amount of information in this area, it has only been possible to highlight some that might be of particular interest, and which might address often raised questions.