bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid cutoffs for increased cardiovascular disease risk in non-diabetic young people
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Hun-Sung , Yoon Kun-Ho , Lee Seung-Hwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
The relevance of blood lipid abnormalities to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young populations is unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the cutoff levels of lipid parameters for increased risk of CVD among nondiabetic young adults aged 20–39 years.

Methods
Using data from a nationally representative Korean National Health Insurance System database, we followed up 6 204 153 subjects who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012 until the end of 2018. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke. We assessed the associations between pre-specified lipid levels and CVD risk. Subgroup analysis of the number of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and current smoking) was also conducted.

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, there were 14 569 (0.23%) cases of myocardial infarction, 9,459 (0.15%) cases of stroke, and 23 680 (0.38%) cases of composite CVD. Using total cholesterol (TC) level of &lt;140 mg/dL, triglyceride (TG) level of &lt;60 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level of &lt;100 mg/dL, and non-HDL-cholesterol level of &lt;130 mg/dL as reference groups, a significantly higher risk of CVD was observed in subjects with a TC level of ≥200 mg/dL, TG level of ≥60 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level of ≥130 mg/dL, or non-HDL-cholesterol level of ≥140 mg/dL. The cutoff levels of TC that had statistical significance for increased risk of CVD were 240, 220, and 200 mg/dL in subjects with 0, 1, or 2–3 risk factors, respectively.

Conclusions
Even modest increases in lipid levels were associated with increased risk of CVD in this nondiabetic young population. Our data provide potential criteria for stratifying CVD risk based on real-world evidence.
Thermo-poromechanics of chemically active faults—enriching Anderson’s theory of faulting in sedimentary rocks
Authors: Sari M , Alevizos S , Poulet T , Veveakis E 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYA suggested model to explain the episodic nature of slow earthquakes involves shear zones exhibiting rate- and temperature-dependent frictional behaviour hosting fluid-release chemical reactions. In this work we extend the considerations of that approach, coupling the effects of the mechanics at different faulting regimes to the chemically induced fluid pressurization inside the fault. By introducing a pressure and temperature dependence of the mechanical response in an elasto-viscoplastic model we are able to correlate the inclination angles of those specific faults with their dynamical response and enrich their faulting regimes with kinematic characterization. We retrieve that steeply dipping (normal) faults exhibit a simple response of either being locked or slip at fast seismic velocities; shallow dipping (reverse) faults on the other hand exhibit a much richer behaviour where episodic stick-slip instabilities can be encountered. When present, their magnitude depends on the (reverse) fault’s angle with faults dipping at around 45° exhibiting a maximum, whereas sub-horizontal thrusts exhibit episodic stick-slip events as low velocities and magnitude. These findings position slow earthquakes and episodic tremor and slip sequences as a natural response of shallow dipping (thrust) faults, in a regime that according to rate-and-state friction considerations is intrinsically stable.
The Current State of Care for Black and Hispanic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Liu Julia J , Abraham Bincy P , Adamson Paula , Barnes Edward L , Brister Kelly A , Damas Oriana M , Glover Sarah C , Hooks Kimberly , Ingram Ana , Kaplan Gilaad G , Loftus Edward V , McGovern Dermot P B , Narain-Blackwell Melodie , Odufalu Florence-Damilola , Quezada Sandra , Reeves Vonda , Shen Bo , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S , Ward Latonia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Research on the care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients has been primarily in populations of European ancestry. However, the incidence of IBD, which comprises Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is increasing in different populations around the world. In this comprehensive review, we examine the epidemiology, clinical presentations, disease phenotypes, treatment outcomes, social determinants of health, and genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of IBD in Black and Hispanic patients in the United States. To improve health equity of underserved minorities with IBD, we identified the following priority areas: access to care, accurate assessment of treatment outcomes, incorporation of Black and Hispanic patients in therapeutic clinical trials, and investigation of environmental factors that lead to the increase in disease incidence.
Addressing Heteronormativity: The Not-So-Lost Requirement of Discretion in (Austrian) Asylum Law
Authors: Sussner Petra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In refugee matters concerning sexual orientation, ‘discretion’ reasoning is as commonplace as it is unlawful. In its 2013 ruling in X, Y, and Z, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) declared that it was unreasonable to expect that asylum seekers should conceal their sexual orientation by being ‘discreet’ in order to avoid persecution, and that such a requirement in domestic refugee status determination procedures would be incompatible with European Union (EU) law. However, this did not put an end to the matter. Discretion reasoning still forms part of the process to determine refugee status in many EU countries. This article examines the persistence of discretion reasoning, using Austria as an example. It argues that, whilst the CJEU definitively banned such reasoning, the court failed to give any indication as to how decision makers should proceed from this point. X, Y, and Z has thus created a legal vacuum, and there is a risk that normative sociocultural concepts like heteronormativity will be applied in such cases. Indeed, despite the CJEU ruling, it is still common in many societies to expect that LGBTIQ people be discreet. As such, decision makers may find themselves imposing a discretion requirement, even if unconsciously. The main aim of the article is to assess the resulting persistence of discretion reasoning through the lens of heteronormativity, and to provide practical suggestions for assessing refugee status in a way that ensures discretion is no longer required.
Adopting an American framework to optimize nursing admission documentation in an Australian health organization
Authors: Shala Danielle Ritz , Jones Aaron , Fairbrother Greg , Davis Jordanna , MacGregor Alastair , Baysari Melissa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
Apply and modify the American Essential Clinical Dataset (ECD) approach to optimize the data elements of an electronic nursing admission assessment form in a metropolitan Australian local health district.

Materials and Methods
We used the American ECD approach but made modifications. Our approach included (1) a review of data, (2) a review of current admission practice via consultations with nurses, (3) a review of evidence and policies, (4) workshops with nursing and informatics teams in partnership with the electronic medical record (eMR) vendor, and (5) team debrief sessions to consolidate findings and decide what data elements should be kept, moved, or removed from the admission form.

Results
Of 165 data elements in the form, 32% (n = 53) had 0% usage, while 25% (n = 43) had 100% usage. Nurses’ perceptions of the form’s purpose varied. Eight policy documents specifically prescribed data to be noted at admission. Workshops revealed risks of moving or removing data elements, but also uncovered ways of streamlining the form. Consolidation of findings from all phases resulted in a recommendation to reduce 91% of data elements.

Discussion
Application of a modified ECD approach allowed the team to identify opportunities for significantly reducing and reorganizing data elements in the eMR to enhance the utility, quality, visibility, and value of nursing admission data.

Conclusion
We found the modified ECD approach effective for identifying data elements and work processes that were unnecessary and duplicated. Our findings and methodology can inform improvements in nursing clinical practice, information management, and governance in a digital health age.
How Political Ideology Shapes Preferences for Observably Inferior Products
Authors: Lisjak Monika , Ordabayeva Nailya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile existing consumer research on political ideology often focuses on ideological differences in preferences for high-status, typically observably superior products, little is known about how political ideology may shape preferences for observably inferior products in non-status-signaling domains. Observably inferior products are product options that are dominated by alternatives along observable dimensions. We propose that, in non-status-signaling domains, conservatives are more interested in observably inferior products than liberals. This happens because conservatives (vs. liberals) have a stronger belief that things, including products, are in balance, whereby positives offset negatives. As a result, when presented with observably inferior products, conservatives (vs. liberals) are more likely to engage in compensatory reasoning and attribute positive qualities to these products, boosting their appeal. Activating belief in balance and preventing compensatory reasoning through cognitive load attenuate this effect. Salience of status-signaling motives serves as a boundary condition. Five studies and four follow-ups provide converging evidence using data collected in the laboratory and in the field, hypothetical and actual product choices, a variety of product categories and participant populations. These findings contribute to research on political ideology, compensatory inferences, and inferior products and provide insights with respect to managing product manufacturing, inventory, and waste.
Eye Gnat (Liohippelates, Diptera: Chloropidae) Biology, Ecology, and Management: Past, Present, and future
Authors: Klepzig Kier D , Hartshorn Jessica A , Tsalickis Alexandra , Sheehan Thomas N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eye gnats (mainly Liohippelates pusio and Liohippelates collusor) are pest species that have been the subject of considerable research and extension activity in the United States since the 1930s. They cause considerable discomfort and stress—and may transmit pathogens—to humans and animals. We reviewed the abundant literature on biological, ecological, and management aspects of Liohippelates eye gnats. Eye gnat biology and life cycles have been well studied in agricultural systems. However, their ecology, roles in trophic cascades, and functions in natural ecosystems, particularly forests, are not well documented. Additionally, there remain opportunities to improve traps, repellents, deterrents, and controls for eye gnats. The substantial and substantive early work on these insects provides a strong foundation for future investigations and extension.
Moving China’s renewable portfolio standard forward: lessons from the US experiences
Authors: Dai Anni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As China is transitioning to the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) regime, this article examines its nascent design and finds it incorporate insufficient forces to generate demand for the renewable resource. Moreover, without further clarification on the flexibility of compliance methods, China’s RPS tends to distort the electricity market. To move China’s RPS system forward, this article takes a close look at the experiences of mature RPS statutes in the New England states, as one bunch of RPS representatives in the USA, and argues critical components following a set of best practices, including a predictable and stable timeframe for stringent targets and the mandatory compliance mechanism with flexible rules. Nevertheless, as no consistent RPS exists across the USA, state-centered RPS statutes are caught up in legal disputes that highlight the necessity of China’s RPS enactment to ensure the compliance market does its job.
A chemical map of the outbursting V883 Ori system: vertical and radial structures
Authors: Ruíz-Rodríguez D A , Williams J P , Kastner J H , Cieza L , Leemker M , Principe D A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the first results of a pilot program to conduct an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 (211–275 GHz) spectral line study of young stellar objects (YSOs) that are undergoing rapid accretion episodes, i.e. FU Ori objects (FUors). Here, we report on molecular emission line observations of the FUor system, V883 Ori. In order to image the FUor object with a full coverage from ∼0.5 arcsec to the map size of ∼30 arcsec, i.e. from disc to outflow scales, we combine the ALMA main array (the 12-m array) with the Atacama Compact Array (7-m array) and the Total Power (TP) array. We detect HCN, HCO+, CH3OH, SO, DCN, and H2CO emission with most of these lines displaying complex kinematics. From position–velocity (PV) diagrams, the detected molecules HCN, HCO+, CH3OH, DCN, SO, and H2CO probe a Keplerian rotating disc in a direction perpendicular to the large-scale outflow detected previously with the 12CO and 13CO lines. Additionally, HCN and HCO+ reveal kinematic signatures of infall motion. The north outflow is seen in HCO+, H2CO, and SO emission. Interestingly, HCO+ emission reveals a pronounced inner depression or ‘hole’ with a size comparable to the radial extension estimated for the CH3OH and 230 GHz continuum. The inner depression in the integrated HCO+ intensity distribution of V883 Ori is most likely the result of optical depth effects, wherein the optically thick nature of the HCO+ and continuum emission towards the innermost parts of V883 Ori can result in a continuum subtraction artefact in the final HCO+ flux level.
Evidence for C and Mg variations in the GD-1 stellar stream
Authors: Balbinot Eduardo , Cabrera-Ziri Ivan , Lardo Carmela 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Dynamically cold stellar streams are the relics left over from globular cluster dissolution. These relics offer a unique insight into a now fully disrupted population of ancient clusters in our Galaxy. Using a combination of Gaia eDR3 proper motions, optical and near-UV colours, we select a sample of likely Red Giant Branch stars from the GD-1 stream for medium-low resolution spectroscopic follow-up. Based on radial velocity and metallicity, we are able to find 14 new members of GD-1, 5 of which are associated with the spur and blob/cocoon off-stream features. We measured C-abundances to probe for abundance variations known to exist in globular clusters. These variations are expected to manifest in a subtle way in globular clusters with such low masses ($\sim 10^4\,{\rm ~\textrm {M}_\odot }$) and metallicities ([Fe/H] ∼ −2.1 dex). We find that the C-abundances of the stars in our sample display a small but significant (3σ level) spread. Furthermore, we find ∼3σ variation in Mg-abundances among the stars in our sample that have been observed by APOGEE. These abundance patterns match the ones found in Galactic globular clusters of similar metallicity. Our results suggest that GD-1 represents another fully disrupted low-mass globular cluster where light-element abundance spreads have been found.
Establishment of blood glycosidase activities and their excursions in sepsis
Authors: Haslund-Gourley Benjamin S , Aziz Peter V , Heithoff Douglas M , Restagno Damien , Fried Jeffrey C , Ilse Mai-Britt , Bäumges Hannah , Mahan Michael J , Lübke Torben , Marth Jamey D 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycosidases are hydrolytic enzymes studied principally in the context of intracellular catabolism within the lysosome. Therefore, glycosidase activities are classically measured in experimentally acidified assay conditions reflecting their low pH optima. However, glycosidases are also present in the bloodstream where they may retain sufficient activity to participate in the regulation of glycoprotein half-lives, proteostasis, and disease pathogenesis. We have, herein, established at physiological pH 7.4 in blood plasma and sera the normal ranges of four major glycosidase activities essential for blood glycoprotein remodeling in healthy mice and humans. These activities included β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. We have identified their origins to include the mammalian genes Glb1, HexB, Man2a1, and Fuca1. In experimental sepsis, excursions of glycosidase activities occurred with differences in host responses to discrete bacterial pathogens. Among similar excursions in human sepsis, the elevation of β-galactosidase activity was a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of patient death.
Structural basis of unisite catalysis of bacterial F0F1-ATPase
Authors: Nakano Atsuki , Kishikawa Jun-ichi , Nakanishi Atsuko , Mitsuoka Kaoru , Yokoyama Ken 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases (F0F1-ATPases) are crucial for all aerobic organisms. F1, a water-soluble domain, can catalyze both the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP with the rotation of the central γε rotor inside a cylinder made of α3β3 in three different conformations (referred to as βE, βTP, and βDP). In this study, we determined multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of bacterial F0F1 exposed to different reaction conditions. The structures of nucleotide-depleted F0F1 indicate that the ε subunit directly forces βTP to adopt a closed form independent of the nucleotide binding to βTP. The structure of F0F1 under conditions that permit only a single catalytic β subunit per enzyme to bind ATP is referred to as unisite catalysis and reveals that ATP hydrolysis unexpectedly occurs on βTP instead of βDP, where ATP hydrolysis proceeds in the steady-state catalysis of F0F1. This indicates that the unisite catalysis of bacterial F0F1 significantly differs from the kinetics of steady-state turnover with continuous rotation of the shaft.
Understanding and Improving the Collection and Use of Diagnostic Test Validation Data: Reflections and Next Steps
Authors: Harrison Catherine , Agstner Barbara , Tomlinson Jenny , Macarthur Roy , van den Berg Femke 
Published: July 2022

Although the importance of test validation in a plant health context is widely recognized, it is arguably not yet used to its full potential. This concept note describes the basic concepts underlying test performance and validation, as well as their current interpretation and use by key stakeholder groups. It is argued that, due to a number of communication pitfalls and associated limitations, current approaches are too fragmented and could lead to suboptimal results. Recommendations on how to improve the collection and use of validation data are based on work conducted in the EU VALITEST project (2018 to 2021). A key output of the project is its contribution to the standardization of test performance studies from sample selection and testing to interpreting and communicating test results. In addition, a prototype mathematical framework has been developed, which enables users to more easily consider and communicate trade-offs in test selection and development. The framework provides the basis for a more holistic approach, aiming to streamline collaboration between stakeholder groups. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Adverse Events of Non-Invasive Body Contouring: Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database
Authors: Nguyen Christopher N. , Nguyen Quoc-Bao D. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Gold Michael H. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Multiple non-invasive modalities have become popular alternatives to surgical procedures for body contouring.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze adverse events (AEs) associated with non-invasive body contouring devices reported through the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
The MAUDE database were queried for AEs associated with non-invasive body contouring devices between January 2011 and June 2021. An extensive list of keywords and brand and manufacturer names was used.

RESULTS
A total of 1,325 reports with 1,590 AEs were identified among 6 modalities. More than 70% were reported in the past 5 years. Cryolipolysis made up 38.3% reports, which mostly pertained to paradoxical hyperplasia and hernias. Radiofrequency had the most reports (41.9%). Like laser devices, most of their reports described burns. Focused ultrasound was commonly associated with unintentional fat loss and surface irregularities. Focused electromagnetic field resulted in only 7 reports.

CONCLUSION
The analysis of present study supports previous studies concerning common local symptoms caused by these devices, but it also reveals complications not reported in previous device studies. This study highlights the importance of proper technique and adherence to device guidelines. Practitioners should be knowledgeable of potential complications from each device to both prevent and manage them accordingly.
Complex Eyelid Reconstruction: A Practical Guide for the Mohs Surgeon
Authors: Blumenthal Shoshana R. , Swick Marki , Bayan Claire-Audrey , Ramanathan Diya , Maher Ian 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
A growing body of literature suggests that Mohs micrographic surgeons can safely and successfully perform complex eyelid reconstruction. Given that up to 10 percent of all skin cancers occur on the periorbital skin, it is imperative that Mohs surgeons understand form and function to properly assess the defect and select the appropriate reconstruction method for a variety of eyelid defects.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective is to provide a thorough understanding of eyelid anatomy with an emphasis on form and function, provide a framework for defect analysis, and an algorithmic approach to defect analysis and appropriate selection of repair.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A review of the literature on eyelid reconstruction was performed with specific reference to defect analysis and appropriately choosing repairs that are applicable to Mohs micrographic surgeons.

CONCLUSION
Mohs micrographic surgeons can safely and successfully perform complex eyelid repairs. An understanding of eyelid anatomy is the first step toward the best surgical outcome, and there are various methods for reconstructing eyelid defects. Defect size, location and analysis of the anterior lamella, posterior lamella, and the canthal regions helps to create an organized operative plan.