bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should ICU beds be allocated during a crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dieteren Charlotte M. , van Hulsen Merel A. J. , Rohde Kirsten I. M. , van Exel Job 
Published: August 2022

Background
The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed healthcare systems in many countries, and the rapid spread of the virus and the acute course of the disease resulted in a shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. We studied preferences of the public in the Netherlands regarding the allocation of ICU beds during a health crisis.

Methods
We distributed a cross-sectional online survey at the end of March 2020 to a representative sample of the adult population in the Netherlands. We collected preferences regarding the allocation of ICU beds, both in terms of who should be involved in the decision-making and which rationing criteria should be considered. We conducted Probit regression analyses to investigate associations between these preferences and several characteristics and opinions of the respondents.

Results
A total of 1,019 respondents returned a completed survey. The majority favored having physicians (55%) and/or expert committees (51%) play a role in the allocation of ICU beds and approximately one-fifth did not favor any of the proposed decision-makers. Respondents preferred to assign higher priority to vulnerable patients and patients who have the best prospect of full recovery. They also preferred that personal characteristics, including age, play no role.

Conclusion
“Our findings show that current guidelines for allocating ICU beds that include age as an independent criterion may not be consistent with societal preferences. Age may only play a role indirectly, in relation to the vulnerability of patients and their prospect of full recovery. Allocation of ICU beds during a health crisis requires a multivalue ethical framework.”
Prognostic values of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular events in South African health promotion
Authors: Kganakga Jacobeth T. , Bester Petra , Ricci Cristian , Botha-Le Roux Shani , Cockeran Marike , Greeff Minrie , Kruger Iolanthé M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasing at an alarming rate among the South African population. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of modifiable CVD risk factors for fatal and non-fatal events to inform cardiovascular health promotion practices in the South African public health system.

Methods
Data was collected from individuals participating in the South African leg of a multi-national prospective cohort study. Binary logistic regression was applied to estimate odds of total, non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular events.

Results
Binary logistic regression analyses identified age as a predictor of non-fatal and fatal CV events, with ORs of 1.87 to 3.21, respectively. Hypertension increased the odd of suffering a non-fatal CV event by almost two and a half (OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.26, 4.85). Moreover, being physically active reduced the odd of non-fatal CVD events by 38% (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.83 for 1 Standard deviation increase of the weighted physical activity index score (WPA)). On the one hand, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was associated with a higher fatal cardiovascular disease risk OR = 2.45 (95% CI = 1.36, 4.42) for a standard deviation increase.

Conclusions
Elevated blood pressure, GGT, and physical activity have significant prognostic values for fatal or non-fatal CV events. These findings emphasise the importance of highlighting hypertension and physical activity when planning cardiovascular health education and intervention programmes for this population, with attention to the monitoring of GGT.
Diagnostic performance of the AID line probe assay in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in Romanian patients with presumed TB
Authors: Rachow Andrea , Saathoff Elmar , Mindru Roxana , Popescu Oana , Lugoji Doinita , Mahler Beatrice , Merker Matthias , Niemann Stefan , Olaru Ioana D. , Kastner Sabine , Hoelscher Michael , Lange Christoph , Ibraim Elmira 
Published: August 2022

Background
The AID line probe assay has shown promising evaluation data on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as 1st- and 2nd-line drug resistance, using isolates and selected clinical samples in previous studies.

Methods
The diagnostic performance of three AID-modules (AID INH/RIF, AID FQ/EMB and AID AG) was analyzed in sputum samples from patients with presumed tuberculosis against culture methods and phenotypic drug resistance as reference standards.

Results
59 patients had culture-confirmed tuberculosis. All AID modules showed moderate sensitivity (46/59, 78.0%, 65.3–87.7) and very good specificity (100%, 95.5%, 93.7%). There was a high proportion of invalid tests, resulting in 32.6%, 78.3% and 19.6% of 46 AID-positive tuberculosis cases, who could not be assessed for drug resistance by the AID INH/RIF-, AID FQ/EM- and AID AG-module, respectively. A small number of patients showed drug resistance by reference standards: Three MDR-TB cases plus three, one and one patients with resistance to streptomycin, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, respectively. The AID-assay detected all MDR-TB cases, two of three streptomycin-resistant TB cases, one of one of fluoroquinolone-resistant and missed one aminoglycoside-resistant TB case.

Discussion
The high proportion of invalid results precludes the use of the AID-assay from direct sputum-based tuberculosis and drug-resistance testing.
Leading causes of death in Asian Indians in the United States (2005–2017)
Authors: Fernandez Perez Claudia , Xi Kevin , Simha Aditya , Shah Nilay S. , Huang Robert J. , Palaniappan Latha , Chung Sukyung , Au Tim , Sharp Nora , Islas Nathaniel , Srinivasan Malathi 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Asian Indians are among the fastest growing United States (US) ethnic subgroups. We characterized mortality trends for leading causes of death among foreign-born and US-born Asian Indians in the US between 2005–2017.

Study design and setting
Using US standardized death certificate data, we examined leading causes of death in 73,470 Asian Indians and 20,496,189 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) across age, gender, and nativity. For each cause, we report age-standardized mortality rates (AMR), longitudinal trends, and absolute percent change (APC).

Results
We found that Asian Indians’ leading causes of death were heart disease (28% mortality males; 24% females) and cancer (18% males; 22% females). Foreign-born Asian Indians had higher all-cause AMR compared to US-born (AMR 271 foreign-born, CI 263–280; 175.8 US-born, CI 140–221; p<0.05), while Asian Indian all-cause AMR was lower than that of NHWs (AMR 271 Indian, CI 263–278; 754.4 NHW, CI 753.3–755.5; p<0.05). All-cause AMR increased for foreign-born Asian Indians over time, while decreasing for US-born Asian Indians and NHWs.

Conclusions
Foreign-born Asian Indians were 2.2 times more likely to die of heart disease and 1.6 times more likely to die of cancer. Asian Indian male AMR was 49% greater than female on average, although AMR was consistently lower for Asian Indians when compared to NHWs.
Mapping evidence on factors contributing to maternal and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Nwagbara Ugochinyere I. , Osuala Emmanuella C. , Chireshe Rumbidzai , Babatunde Gbotemi B. , Okeke Ngozichika O. , Opara Nnennaya , Hlongwana Khumbulani W. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Maternal and child mortality remains a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with the region having the highest under-five mortality rates, where approximately 1 in 11 children, dies before the age of 5 years. This is nearly 15 times the average in high-income countries (HICs). This scoping review is aimed at mapping evidence on the factors contributing to maternal and child mortality in SSA.

Methods
This study will be conducted using a scoping review to map existing literature on the factors contributing to maternal and child mortality in SSA. The search will comprise of peer-reviewed and grey literature, using the EBSCOhost platform. Keyword search from electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct and World Health Organization library, will be conducted. Information will be obtained from the included studies, using a data charting table. We will use NVIVO version 10 software to analyse the data, and the narrative account of the study will be presented by means of a thematic content analysis.

Discussion
We expect to find relevant literature that can help us in mapping evidence on the factors contributing to maternal and child mortality in SSA. This study results are anticipated to identify research gaps and in turn, guide the design of future primary studies.

Systematic review protocol registration
Open Science Framework registration number (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/XF5VN).
Low condom use at the last sexual intercourse among university students in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Okello Gerald , Semakula Daniel , Bajunirwe Francis 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThere is inconsistent data about condom use at the last sexual intercourse (LSI) among university students in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its association with sex, age, and condom negotiation efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to summarize the proportion of condom use at the LSI among university students in SSA. The secondary objective was to determine the association between condom use at the LSI with sex, age, and condom negotiation efficacy among university students in SSA.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, two reviewers independently searched electronic databases and grey literature for eligible studies published until July 30, 2020, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. We used the Dersimonian-Liard random-effects model to pool the proportion of condom use at the LSI and the association between condom use at the LSI with sex, age, and condom negotiation efficacy, reported using risk ratio (RR). We assessed publication bias using funnel plot and Egger’s test, and explored sources of heterogeneity using sub-group and meta-regression analyses.ResultsWe meta-analyzed 44 studies with a combined sample size of 27,948 participants.Of 14,778 sexually active participants, 8,744 (pooled proportion, 52.9%; 95% CI, 45.0–60.7; 95% prediction interval, 2.8–98.9; I-squared = 99.0%, p< 0.0001) reported condom use at the LSI and the proportion of condom use at the LSI remained stagnant between 2000 and 2019 (p= 0.512). Condom use at the LSI was not associated with being a female compared to a male (pooled RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.68–1.71), being of a younger age (≤24 years old) compared to older age (25 years and more) (pooled RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0-85-1.57), and having a higher condom negotiation efficacy compared to a lower condom negotiation efficacy (pooled RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0-81-2.94).ConclusionsWe found a low and heterogenous use of a condom at the LSI among university students in SSA which was not associated with sex, age, or condom negotiation efficacy. Accordingly, context-relevant interventions are needed to improve condom use at the LSI among university students in SSA.
Development and validation of a nomogram for the prediction of late culture conversion among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in North West Ethiopia: An application of prediction modelling
Authors: Anley Denekew Tenaw , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Demissie Biruk , Arage Getachew 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis has impeded tuberculosis prevention and control due to its low treatment efficiency and prolonged infectious periods. Early culture conversion status has long been used as a predictor of good treatment outcomes and an important infection control metric, as culture-negative patients are less likely to spread tuberculosis. There is also evidence that suggests that delayed sputum conversion is linked to negative outcomes. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a nomogram to predict the risk of late culture conversion in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis using readily available predictors.

Objective
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction nomogram for the prediction of late culture conversion among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in North-West Ethiopia.

Methods
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis data from the University of Gondar and the Debre Markos referral hospitals have been used and a total of 316 patients were involved. The analysis was carried out using STATA version 16 and R version 4.0.5 statistical software. Based on the binomial logistic regression model, a validated simplified risk prediction model (nomogram) was built, and its performance was evaluated by assessing its discriminatory power and calibration. Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the generated model’s clinical and public health impact.

Results
Registration group, HIV co-infection, baseline BMI, baseline sputum smear grade, and radiological abnormalities were prognostic determinants used in the construction of the nomogram. The model has a discriminating power of 0.725 (95% CI: 0.669, 0.781) and a P-value of 0.665 in the calibration test. It was internally validated using the bootstrapping method, and it was found to perform similarly to the model developed on the entire dataset. The decision curve analysis revealed that the model has better clinical and public health impact than other strategies specified.

Conclusion
The developed nomogram, which has a satisfactory level of accuracy and good calibration, can be utilized to predict late culture conversion in MDR-TB patients. The model has been found to be useful in clinical practice and is clinically interpretable.
A mobile fixture system for friction stir welding application
Authors: Rasheed Akeem Abiodun , Ogedengbe Tunde Isaac , Abioye Taiwo Ebenezer 
Published: August 2022

In an attempt to provide a more flexible means of achieving friction stir welding (FSW) of Aluminum without the use of expensive FSW machine tool, which are not readily available, this study developed a mobile fixture system (MFS) for FSW on Vertical milling Machine Tool (VMMT) and Pillar drilling machine Tool (PDMT). A conceptual design of the fixture system with a moving work table, which provides for transverse feed (movement) of the workpieces during FSW, was generated. The detailed design of the components of the MFS was done using existing mechanical design formulae. Subsequently, the design was fabricated and evaluated. An ATmega 328P Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to design a control system to automate the MFS worktable movement. Results revealed that the MFS worked smoothly during FSW of AA 1100 materials. The MFS performed well during the FSW of the Aluminum materials on the VMMT as well as the PDMT. The efficiency of its motion accuracy was estimated as 87.2%. Also, the trend of the tensile strength and the hardness value as well as the joint efficiencies of the AA 1100 weldments produced using the developed MFS agreed with existing studies.
The effectiveness of screening to identify patients with osteoporosis/high risk of fractures in primary health care
Authors: Gladkova E. N. , Tanaev V. G. , Lesnyak O. M. , Zabezhinskaya I. V. , Iluysin Yu. M. , Kolbin M. Yu. 
Published: August 2022

Background. The organization of screening for osteoporosis is an actual problem due to the need for early detection of patients with high risk of fractures and initiation of their treatment.Aim. The aim of our study was to study the effectiveness of screening for osteoporosis (high risk of fractures) in postmenopausal men and women 40 years and older.Materials and methods. Screening was performed by outpatient doctors for all people aged 40 years and older who applied for various reasons. The doctor asked standard questions included in the FRAX questionnaire.Results. In 2017– 2020, 11,013 people were screened by outpatient doctors — 31.7% of the total attached population aged 40 years and older. According to the screening results, 21.9% people were identified with a high risk of fractures. The average 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures in these patients (19.0±7.9%) was statistically significantly higher compared to the rest of the screened (7.6±3.3%), p=0.0001. 60% (1,450 people) of the group of individuals with an identified high risk of fractures were patients with FRAX in the area of therapeutic intervention. Among them were patients with indications of a fracture and without a history of fractures. In the remaining 40%, the high risk was determined only on the basis of the fact of a previously suffered fracture (their FRAX index was below the intervention threshold). In general, using only the FRAX calculator, 40 men and 1410 women were identified as having a high risk of fractures, which accounted for 1.3% of the male and 17.7% of the female screened population, respectively. With the simultaneous use of FRAX and anamnestic data on a previous fracture, 13.3% of men and 25.3% of women in the screening population had a high risk of fractures.Conclusion. Screening in primary health care has allowed us to identify 21.9% of the screened population of men and women aged 40 years and older (postmenopausal women) as having a high risk of fractures. Screening with simultaneous calculation of the 10-year risk of fractures according to FRAX and clarification of the presence of a history of fractures was the most effective.
Investigating the antecedents and outcomes of work-life balance: evidence from garment industries in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Sari , Rahmasari Dian 
Published: August 2022

The garment industry is one of the main contributors to Indonesia's GDP. However, work-life balance has become a crucial issue for workers in this industry. This study aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of work-life balance among workers in the garment industry. More specifically, we examine the effect of asset ownership and working conditions (health conditions, compensation, and working hours) affect work-life balance. Furthermore, we also examine the effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention. We collected data using a survey of 3691 garment workers in Central Java, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta, and Banten. The analysis shows that work-life balance could increase workers' life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Interestingly, health condition is found out to be the important variable that could improve work-life balance significantly.
The dark side of perceived corruption: Mediating mechanism between love of money and evil behavior
Authors: Maksum Ikhsan , Ningtyas Mega Noerman 
Published: August 2022

Many studies about unethical behavior (evil behavior) in the workplace have underlying various research related to love of money and perception of corruption as in this research. One of the main ideas that emerged is “The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil” Timothy, 6:10. In most studies, there is a gap and lack of prior research involving the mechanism of indirect effect between the love of money behavior and unethical behavior in public sector institutions. In this research, we focus on the role of mediation between the perception of corruption and love of money toward unethical behavior. The researcher spread the questionnaire for obtained 149 respondents who are an employee from the public sector institution. Meanwhile, the research method that we use is a quantitative study, which allows for doing the study with a fast time and broad generalizability. We find that perception of corruption could partially mediate the effect between the love of money and unethical behavior in public sector employees. This study proves that employees who work in public sector institutions have a corruption perception that can trigger evil behavior. employees who have a strong orientation towards money are more likely to try to earn more money to enrich themselves, and then employees engage in unethical behavior.
Tributación y dinámica económica regional en Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Tolosa Henry Antonio , Campo Robledo Jacobo , Clavijo Cortez Pedro Hugo 
Published: August 2022

Este artículo constituye una reflexión en diferentes contextos acerca del impacto que tienen los impuestos departamentales y municipales en el crecimiento económico de las regiones. Para ello, aborda la descripción de las particularidades de la estructura y dinámica de los impuestos territoriales en Colombia en cada uno de sus ámbitos específicos de aplicación, al igual que el desempeño de la actividad económica desde las cuentas nacionales departamentales cubriendo el periodo 2005-2018. Al lado de la lectura de los indicadores significativos de dicho comportamiento, se adelanta el estudio de los términos per cápita del Producto Interno Bruto y la tributación de las entidades territoriales, así como la exploración de un modelo estadístico que identifique en contexto la naturaleza y magnitud de la causalidad que los tributos regionales tienen en el comportamiento de la economía para el periodo elegido. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de tener una estructura tributaria anquilosada, compleja, desactualizada, sin un marco legal que se ajuste de manera flexible a las particularidades y potencialidades económicas de cada región, los impuestos departamentales y municipales tienen un efecto progresivoen el crecimiento económico.
Are Stay-at-Home and Face Mask Orders Effective in Slowing Down COVID-19 Transmission? – A Statistical Study of U.S. Case Counts in 2020
Authors: Wang Ping , Le Huy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whether the stay-at-home order and face mask mandate are effective in slowing down the COVID-19 virus transmission is up for debate. To investigate this matter, we employ a unique angle. A two-wave logistic equation is proposed and then fitted to the cumulative case counts of all 50 states in the U.S. from the onset to early December of 2020 when vaccinating begins at large scale. The data period is confined to isolate the effects of executive orders from that of vaccination. The length of the first wave’s accelerating phase is regressed on variables describing the stay-at-home order and face mask mandate, along with control variables. A state’s lockdown duration is discovered to be negatively related to the time it takes for the virus to transit from accelerating to decelerating rates. This finding provides statistical support to the executive orders and can be useful in guiding risk management of future pandemics.