bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Effects on Wave Velocities of Rocks: Contribution of Crack Closure, Squirt Flow and Acoustoelasticity
Authors: Wei Yijun , Ba Jing , Carcione José M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe elastic properties of rocks depend on the mineral constituents, pore structure, saturating fluids, and stress (loading) conditions. To study these properties, we measured ultrasonic P‐ and S‐wave velocities as a function of the differential (confining minus pore) pressure and propose an unrelaxed double‐porosity acoustoelasticity model, which generalizes the single‐porosity one. The new approach includes the effects of crack closure, based on the David‐Zimmerman model, and the squirt‐flow mechanism, based on the Gurevich model. When cracks are open at low differential pressures, their properties dominate the wave velocity variations, followed by the squirt‐flow mechanism. Then, a transition occurs, where cracks partially close, and the squirt‐flow effect vanishes. At high pressures, cracks close and acoustoelasticity effects prevail. This behavior is observed in sedimentary rocks, whereas in granites, which have a low crack content, the acoustoelastic effect is dominant at all pressures.
Interim FDG-PET analysis to identify patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma who benefit from treatment intensification: a post-hoc analysis of the PETAL trial
Authors: Seifert Robert , Kersting David , Rischpler Christoph , Sandach Patrick , Ferdinandus Justin , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Rahbar Kambiz , Weckesser Matthias , Umutlu Lale , Hanoun Christine , Hüttmann Andreas , Reinhardt Hans Christian , von Tresckow Bastian , Herrmann Ken , Dührsen Ulrich , Schäfers Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe randomized PETAL trial failed to demonstrate a benefit of interim FDG-PET (iPET)-based treatment intensification over continued standard therapy with CHOP (plus rituximab (R) in CD20-positive lymphomas). We hypothesized that PET analysis of all lymphoma manifestations may identify patients who benefitted from treatment intensification. A previously developed neural network was employed for iPET analysis to identify the highest pathological FDG uptake (max-SUVAI) and the mean FDG uptake of all lymphoma manifestations (mean-SUVAI). High mean-SUVAI uptake was determined separately for iPET-positive and iPET-negative patients. The endpoint was time-to-progression (TTP). There was a significant interaction of additional rituximab and mean-SUVAI in the iPET-negative group (HR = 0.6, p < 0.05). Patients with high mean-SUVAI had significantly prolonged TTP when treated with 6xR-CHOP + 2 R (not reached versus 52 months, p < 0.05), whereas max-SUVmanual failed to show an impact of additional rituximab. In the iPET-positive group, patients with high mean-SUVAI had a significantly longer TTP with (R-)CHOP than with the Burkitt protocol (14 versus 4 months, p < 0.01). Comprehensive iPET evaluation may provide new prognosticators in aggressive lymphoma. Additional application of rituximab was associated with prolonged TTP in iPET-negative patients with high mean-SUVAI. Comprehensive iPET interpretation could identify high-risk patients who benefit from study-specific interventions.
Electrically pumped quantum-dot lasers grown on 300 mm patterned Si photonic wafers
Authors: Shang Chen , Feng Kaiyin , Hughes Eamonn T. , Clark Andrew , Debnath Mukul , Koscica Rosalyn , Leake Gerald , Herman Joshua , Harame David , Ludewig Peter , Wan Yating , Bowers John E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonolithic integration of quantum dot (QD) gain materials onto Si photonic platforms via direct epitaxial growth is a promising solution for on-chip light sources. Recent developments have demonstrated superior device reliability in blanket hetero-epitaxy of III–V devices on Si at elevated temperatures. Yet, thick, defect management epi designs prevent vertical light coupling from the gain region to the Si-on-Insulator waveguides. Here, we demonstrate the first electrically pumped QD lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a 300 mm patterned (001) Si wafer with a butt-coupled configuration. Unique growth and fabrication challenges imposed by the template architecture have been resolved, contributing to continuous wave lasing to 60 °C and a maximum double-side output power of 126.6 mW at 20 °C with a double-side wall-plug efficiency of 8.6%. The potential for robust on-chip laser operation and efficient low-loss light coupling to Si photonic circuits makes this heteroepitaxial integration platform on Si promising for scalable and low-cost mass production.
Electrodynamics of MnBi2Te4 intrinsic magnetic topological insulators
Authors: Tomarchio Luca , Mosesso Lorenzo , Macis Salvatore , Grilli Antonio , Romani Martina , Guidi Mariangela Cestelli , Zhu Kejing , Feng Xiao , Zacchigna Michele , Petrarca Massimo , He Ke , Lupi Stefano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report on the electrodynamics of MnBi2Te4 thin films, an intrinsic magnetic topological material. We study its optical conductivity from terahertz (THz) to ultraviolet (UV) frequencies as a function of the film thickness, highlighting the presence of surface topological states superimposed on the bulk electrodynamics response. For the thinnest film, where the charge transport is dominated by Dirac surface states, we investigate the effect of the phase transition from the high-temperature topological protected state to the low-temperature magnetic (time-reversal broken) state by measuring the optical conductivity across the Néel temperature. At low temperatures, the breaking of the time reversal symmetry affects the optical conductivity, indicating that a magnetic-induced gap opens below TN.
Tuning the light emission of a Si micropillar quantum dot light-emitting device array with the strain coupling effect
Authors: Mo Yepei , Feng Xiaolong , Zhang Li , Han Renhou , Bao Rongrong , Pan Caofeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing an optical signal to realize sensing of a strain signal is a promising application for tactile sensors. However, most research is now focused on piezophototronic LED arrays, which are difficult to incorporate into the Si-based semiconductor industry. Due to the poor photoelectric performance of Si-based devices caused by the indirect band gap of Si, it has always been challenging to construct high density light-emitting devices with Si. Here, a Si-based quantum dot light-emitting device (QLED) array composed of p-Si micropillars is designed and fabricated, and the mechanism for modulation of the strain coupling effect in Si on the electroluminescence performance of Si-based QLEDs is studied. The introduction of QDs easily provides efficient and adjustable light emission and meets the requirements of different practical applications. The emission intensity of the QLED depends on the injected current density, and the transportation processes of the carriers can be modulated by the strain coupling effect. The combination of Si-based photonic devices with pressure sensing may have a significant impact on the fields of electronic skin and human‒machine interfaces. More importantly, this technology is fully compatible with the dominant Si-based semiconductor industry. Therefore, it shows promise in realizing the integration of large-scale Si-based photonic devices and expanding their application fields.
Retinal arterial tortuosity in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Authors: Ghoraba Hashem H. , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To report a novel finding of retinal arterial tortuosity (RAT) associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS).

Methods
We queried the STAnford Research Repository (STARR) database to identify patients diagnosed with EDS. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of any subtype of EDS who had any form of readable retinal imaging including colour fundus photos, autofluorescence, red-free photos, red-free optical coherence tomography photos and fluorescein angiography. Patients who had no retinal imaging and those with no confirmed EDS diagnosis were excluded. Retinal images were reviewed for RAT and were graded into no, possible and definite RAT. Eyes with definite RAT were further graded into mild, moderate and severe. Eyes with definite RAT were again subclassified according to the type of involved vessels into first-order arteriolar, macular and arteriovenous.

Results
A total of 307 patients were identified using the STARR tool and 142 patients were included. Mean age was 40.9 ± 18.1 years and 87% were female. Underlying EDS subtypes were hypermobile EDS (69.7%), classical EDS (2.8%), vascular EDS (2.1%), myopathic EDS (0.7%) and not specified (24.6%). We graded 37.3% of patients with definite RAT, 10.6% with possible RAT and 52.1% with no RAT. In patients with definite RAT, we graded 39.2% of eyes with mild RAT, 40.2% with moderate RAT and 20.6% with severe RAT. In all, 84.9% showed involvement of first-order retinal arterioles, 35.8% showed involvement of macular arterioles and 1.9% showed arteriovenous involvement.

Conclusions
Variable degrees of RAT are associated with EDS.
Fibrocytes boost tumor-supportive phenotypic switches in the lung cancer niche via the endothelin system
Authors: Weigert Andreas , Zheng Xiang , Nenzel Alina , Turkowski Kati , Günther Stefan , Strack Elisabeth , Sirait-Fischer Evelyn , Elwakeel Eiman , Kur Ivan M. , Nikam Vandana S. , Valasarajan Chanil , Winter Hauke , Wissgott Alexander , Voswinkel Robert , Grimminger Friedrich , Brüne Bernhard , Seeger Werner , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Savai Rajkumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFibrocytes are bone marrow–derived monocytic cells implicated in wound healing. Here, we identify their role in lung cancer progression/ metastasis. Selective manipulation of fibrocytes in mouse lung tumor models documents the central role of fibrocytes in boosting niche features and enhancing metastasis. Importantly, lung cancer patients show increased number of circulating fibrocytes and marked fibrocyte accumulation in the cancer niche. Using double and triple co-culture systems with human lung cancer cells, fibrocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, we substantiate the central features of cancer-supporting niche: enhanced cancer cell proliferation and migration, macrophage activation, augmented endothelial cell sprouting and fibrocyte maturation. Upregulation of endothelin and its receptors are noted, and dual endothelin receptor blockade suppresses all cancer-supportive phenotypic alterations via acting on fibrocyte interaction with the cancer niche. We thus provide evidence for a crucial role of fibrocytes in lung cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting targets for treatment strategies.
Nanoparticle-based modulation of CD4+ T cell effector and helper functions enhances adoptive immunotherapy
Authors: Isser Ariel , Silver Aliyah B. , Pruitt Hawley C. , Mass Michal , Elias Emma H. , Aihara Gohta , Kang Si-Sim , Bachmann Niklas , Chen Ying-Yu , Leonard Elissa K. , Bieler Joan G. , Chaisawangwong Worarat , Choy Joseph , Shannon Sydney R. , Gerecht Sharon , Weber Jeffrey S. , Spangler Jamie B. , Schneck Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHelper (CD4+) T cells perform direct therapeutic functions and augment responses of cells such as cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells against a wide variety of diseases and pathogens. Nevertheless, inefficient synthetic technologies for expansion of antigen-specific CD4+T cells hinders consistency and scalability of CD4+ T cell-based therapies, and complicates mechanistic studies. Here we describe a nanoparticle platform for ex vivo CD4+ T cell culture that mimics antigen presenting cells (APC) through display of major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) molecules. When combined with soluble co-stimulation signals, MHC II artificial APCs (aAPCs) expand cognate murine CD4+T cells, including rare endogenous subsets, to induce potent effector functions in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MHC II aAPCs provide help signals that enhance antitumor function of aAPC-activated CD8+T cells in a mouse tumor model. Lastly, human leukocyte antigen class II-based aAPCs expand rare subsets of functional, antigen-specific human CD4+T cells. Overall, MHC II aAPCs provide a promising approach for harnessing targeted CD4+ T cell responses.
Ion transfer mechanisms in Mrp-type antiporters from high resolution cryoEM and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lee Yongchan , Haapanen Outi , Altmeyer Anton , Kühlbrandt Werner , Sharma Vivek , Zickermann Volker 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) cation/proton antiporters are essential for growth of a variety of halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria under stress conditions. Mrp-type antiporters are closely related to the membrane domain of respiratory complex I. We determined the structure of the Mrp antiporter from Bacillus pseudofirmus by electron cryo-microscopy at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure resolves more than 99% of the sidechains of the seven membrane subunits MrpA to MrpG plus 360 water molecules, including ~70 in putative ion translocation pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations based on the high-resolution structure revealed details of the antiport mechanism. We find that switching the position of a histidine residue between three hydrated pathways in the MrpA subunit is critical for proton transfer that drives gated trans-membrane sodium translocation. Several lines of evidence indicate that the same histidine-switch mechanism operates in respiratory complex I.
DNA methylation at birth in monozygotic twins discordant for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nickels Eric M. , Li Shaobo , Myint Swe Swe , Arroyo Katti , Feng Qianxi , Siegmund Kimberly D. , de Smith Adam J. , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation constitutes a key feature of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis, however its role as a predisposing or early contributor to leukemia development remains unknown. Here, we evaluate DNA methylation at birth in 41 leukemia-discordant monozygotic twin pairs using the Illumina EPIC array on archived neonatal blood spots to identify epigenetic variation associated with development of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, independent of genetic influence. Through conditional logistic regression we identify 240 significant probes and 10 regions associated with the discordant onset of leukemia. We identify a significant negative coefficient bias, indicating DNA hypomethylation in cases, across the array and enhanced in open sea, shelf/shore, and gene body regions compared to promoter and CpG island regions. Here, we show an association between global DNA hypomethylation and future development of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia across disease-discordant genetically identical twins, implying DNA hypomethylation may contribute more generally to leukemia risk.
Attenuating metal-substrate conjugation in atomically dispersed nickel catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Wang Qiyou , Liu Kang , Hu Kangman , Cai Chao , Li Huangjingwei , Li Hongmei , Herran Matias , Lu Ying-Rui , Chan Ting-Shan , Ma Chao , Fu Junwei , Zhang Shiguo , Liang Ying , Cortés Emiliano , Liu Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtomically dispersed transition metals on carbon-based aromatic substrates are an emerging class of electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of CO2. However, electron delocalization of the metal site with the carbon support via d-π conjugation strongly hinders CO2activation at the active metal centers. Herein, we introduce a strategy to attenuate the d-π conjugation at single Ni atomic sites by functionalizing the support with cyano moieties. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations demonstrate that this strategy increases the electron density around the metal centers and facilitates CO2activation. As a result, for the electroreduction of CO2to CO in aqueous KHCO3electrolyte, the cyano-modified catalyst exhibits a turnover frequency of ~22,000 per hour at −1.178 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains a Faradaic efficiency (FE) above 90% even with a CO2concentration of only 30% in an H-type cell. In a flow cell under pure CO2at −0.93 V versus RHE the cyano-modified catalyst enables a current density of −300 mA/cm2with a FE above 90%.
Structure of the core human NADPH oxidase NOX2
Authors: Noreng Sigrid , Ota Naruhisa , Sun Yonglian , Ho Hoangdung , Johnson Matthew , Arthur Christopher P. , Schneider Kellen , Lehoux Isabelle , Davies Christopher W. , Mortara Kyle , Wong Kit , Seshasayee Dhaya , Masureel Matthieu , Payandeh Jian , Yi Tangsheng , Koerber James T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNOX2 is the prototypical member of the NADPH oxidase NOX superfamily and produces superoxide (O2•−), a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is essential in innate and adaptive immunity. Mutations that lead to deficiency in NOX2 activity correlate with increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in chronic granulomatous disease. The core of NOX2 is formed by a heterodimeric transmembrane complex composed of NOX2 (formerly gp91) and p22, but a detailed description of its structural architecture is lacking. Here, we present the structure of the human NOX2 core complex bound to a selective anti-NOX2 antibody fragment. The core complex reveals an intricate extracellular topology of NOX2, a four-transmembrane fold of the p22 subunit, and an extensive transmembrane interface which provides insights into NOX2 assembly and activation. Functional assays uncover an inhibitory activity of the 7G5 antibody mediated by internalization-dependent and internalization-independent mechanisms. Overall, our results provide insights into the NOX2 core complex architecture, disease-causing mutations, and potential avenues for selective NOX2 pharmacological modulation.
Opposing functions of circadian protein DBP and atypical E2F family E2F8 in anti-tumor Th9 cell differentiation
Authors: Park Sang-A , Lim Yun-Ji , Ku Wai Lim , Zhang Dunfang , Cui Kairong , Tang Liu-Ya , Chia Cheryl , Zanvit Peter , Chen Zuojia , Jin Wenwen , Wang Dandan , Xu Junji , Liu Ousheng , Wang Fu , Cain Alexander , Guo Nancy , Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Wu Chuan , Zhang Ying E. , Zhao Keji , Chen WanJun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing CD4+T helper cells (Th9) have been implicated in allergy/asthma and anti-tumor immunity, yet molecular insights on their differentiation from activated T cells, driven by IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), is still lacking. Here we show opposing functions of two transcription factors, D-binding protein (DBP) and E2F8, in controlling Th9 differentiation. Specifically, TGF-β and IL-4 signaling induces phosphorylation of the serine 213 site in the linker region of the Smad3 (pSmad3L-Ser213) via phosphorylated p38, which is necessary and sufficient forIl9gene transcription. We identify DBP and E2F8 as an activator and repressor, respectively, forIl9transcription by pSmad3L-Ser213. Notably, Th9 cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown forDbporE2f8promote and suppress tumor growth, respectively, in mouse tumor models. Importantly, DBP and E2F8 also exhibit opposing functions in regulating human TH9 differentiation in vitro. Thus, our data uncover a molecular mechanism of Smad3 linker region-mediated, opposing functions of DBP and E2F8 in Th9 differentiation.
The Fab region of IgG impairs the internalization pathway of FcRn upon Fc engagement
Authors: Brinkhaus Maximilian , Pannecoucke Erwin , van der Kooi Elvera J. , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Derksen Ninotska I. L. , Andries Julie , Balbino Bianca , Sips Magdalena , Ulrichts Peter , Verheesen Peter , de Haard Hans , Rispens Theo , Savvides Savvas N. , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBinding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) extends serum half-life of IgG, and antagonizing this interaction is a promising therapeutic approach in IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. Fc-MST-HN, designed for enhanced FcRn binding capacity, has not been evaluated in the context of a full-length antibody, and the structural properties of the attached Fab regions might affect the FcRn-mediated intracellular trafficking pathway. Here we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of the IgG salvage pathway between two full-size IgG1 variants, containing wild type and MST-HN Fc fragments, and their Fc-only counterparts. We find no evidence of Fab-regions affecting FcRn binding in cell-free assays, however, cellular assays show impaired binding of full-size IgG to FcRn, which translates into improved intracellular FcRn occupancy and intracellular accumulation of Fc-MST-HN compared to full size IgG1-MST-HN. The crystal structure of Fc-MST-HN in complex with FcRn provides a plausible explanation why the Fab disrupts the interaction only in the context of membrane-associated FcRn. Importantly, we find that Fc-MST-HN outperforms full-size IgG1-MST-HN in reducing IgG levels in cynomolgus monkeys. Collectively, our findings identify the cellular membrane context as a critical factor in FcRn biology and therapeutic targeting.
Evolution of defect structures leading to high ZT in GeTe-based thermoelectric materials
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Dong Jinfeng , Zhuang Hua-Lu , Yu Jincheng , Su Bin , Li Hezhang , Pei Jun , Sun Fu-Hua , Zhou Min , Hu Haihua , Li Jing-Wei , Han Zhanran , Zhang Bo-Ping , Mori Takao , Li Jing-Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeTe is a promising mid-temperature thermoelectric compound but inevitably contains excessive Ge vacancies hindering its performance maximization. This work reveals that significant enhancement in the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) could be realized by defect structure engineering from point defects to line and plane defects of Ge vacancies. The evolved defects including dislocations and nanodomains enhance phonon scattering to reduce lattice thermal conductivity in GeTe. The accumulation of cationic vacancies toward the formation of dislocations and planar defects weakens the scattering against electronic carriers, securing the carrier mobility and power factor. This synergistic effect on electronic and thermal transport properties remarkably increases the quality factor. As a result, a maximum ZT > 2.3 at 648 K and a record-high average ZT (300-798 K) were obtained for Bi0.07Ge0.90Te in lead-free GeTe-based compounds. This work demonstrates an important strategy for maximizing the thermoelectric performance of GeTe-based materials by engineering the defect structures, which could also be applied to other thermoelectric materials.