bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Involvement In Basic Rheumatology Research At Nijmegen. A Three Year’s Responsive Evaluation Of Added Value, Pitfalls And Conditions For Success.
Authors: Wit Maarten , Koenders M.I. , Neijland Y. , Hoogen F.H.J. van den , Kraan P.M. van der , de Loo F.A.J. van , Berkers H. , Lieon M. , Caam A. van , Ende C. van den 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Empirical evidence for effective patient-researcher collaboration in basic research is lacking. This study aims to explore good working models and impact of patient involvement in basic rheumatology research and to identify barriers and facilitators.Method: A responsive evaluation of a three years’ participatory research project in an basic and translational laboratory research setting. Several working models for patient involvement were piloted and adapted if considered necessary. The study comprised surveys, interviews, training days, meeting reports, Q-sort exercises and field notes, and regular reflective team sessions with participant involvement. A qualitative analysis using thematic coding focused on impact, barriers and facilitators.Results: Thirteen patient research partners (PRPs) and fifteen basic researchers participated. PRPs experienced basic research as fascinating though complex to understand. Their initial role was mostly listening and asking questions. After several meetings equal and more meaningful relationships emerged. Researchers’ motivation increased by listening to patient stories. They learned about disease impact on daily life and to speak in understandable language. This enabled PRPs to learn about research and the pathogenesis of their disease. It inspired them to stay involved over a longer period. After three years, both parties preferred 1:1 contacts over collaboration in team meetings. A common language and respectful communication were important facilitators. Limitations were the complexity of disease processes for patients and the time commitment for researchers. Impact was reported as a sincere dialogue with multiple advantages for patients and researchers, and to a lesser extent than expected on the research process and outcomes.Conclusion: Patients and researchers valued the benefits of long-term one-on-one collaboration. These benefits outweigh the lack of direct impact on basic research goals and performance.A plain language summary is available as online supplementary file 1.
Management Practice and Treatment Outcomes of Adult Patients with Lupus Nephritis at the Renal Clinic of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Gebre-Mariam , Hussen Shemsu , Getachew Seifemichael , Beyene Alemseged 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Up to 60% of adult patients with SLE develop the renal disease with different severity. Even with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies, many LN patients still progress to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the management practice, treatment outcomes and to identify the associated factors of poor renal outcome in adult LN patients at the renal clinic of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to collect the data using an abstraction tool from patients’ records. Logistic regression was used to determine crude and adjusted odds ratio and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 168 study participants enrolled from September 1, 2016 to October 30, 2020, a total of 114 adult LN patients were included for final analysis. The mean (+SD) age of the LN patients at onset was 29.10 + 9.67 years and 99 (86.8%) of all the patients were females. More than three-fourths (78.9%) of the LN patients had a good prognosis. However, 24 (21.1%) of the patients who didn’t achieve complete or partial remission had a poor prognosis. A kidney biopsy was done for 71 patients at initial presentation with class IV and III as the commonest class. The commonly prescribed immunosuppressive medications were cyclophosphamide as induction therapy in 67 (58.7%) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as maintenance therapy in 76 (66.7%). Gastrointestinal intolerances such as abdominal pain, nausea, or diarrhea from MMF were the most common 27(31.2%) treatment-related adverse events reported. Acute kidney injury (AKI) at onset (AOR = 4.83, P = 0.026), high serum creatinine (SCr) at six months (AOR = 0.12, P = 0.003), no response at six months to achieve complete remission (AOR = 0.05, P = 0.041) and presence of flare (AOR = 0.04, P = 0.004) were predictors poor treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Despite good response with the current immunosuppressive regimens, relapse, treatment-related complications and adverse events are major problems that need close monitoring
Identification of Dye And Matrix For Dye Doped Polymer Waveguide Emitters Covering The Visible Spectrum
Authors: Paz Luis F. , Caño-García M. , Geday M.A , Otón J.M , Arregui X.Q 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Polymer based photonic devices offer the possibility cost effective roll-to-roll manufacture of photonic devices. The incorporation of luminescent dopants within a solid polymer waveguide allows for the generation of light within the device avoiding tedious mechanical light coupling. However, when a dopant is embedded in a solid matrix, depending on its concentration and the nature of materials involved, the emitted light may be quenched due to aggregation effects. In this work, thin films and ridge waveguides processed by UV-photolithography have been successfully obtained from a selection of standard photopolymerizable organic monomers, SU8, EpoCore and OrmoStamp doped with a selection of standard dyes like Rhodamine-B, Coumarin-540A and Pyrromethene-580. All structures were manufactured onto glass substrates. An analysis of the solubility and optical properties including band gap energy and absorption coefficient (í µí»¼) of the doped photoresists at different concentrations has been performed. Photoresists doped with Rhodamine-B shows a higher energy of indirect allowed band gap transition (2.04-2.09 eV) compared to previously reported Rhodamine-B thin films (1.95-1.98 eV). Fabrication protocols of dye doped photoresists covering the entire visible spectrum is established.
Fostering Pedestrian Ecomobility for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study, Riyadh City
Authors: katar Ihab 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As the world is giving climate change a higher priority, several Coalitions are working on meeting the clean and green environment (SDG 13), focusing on new streets’ design in total urban development. A previous study discussed the pedestrian mobility status in Riyadh city, with attention to sustainable mobility, considering the pedestrians’ traveling patterns that use their cars rather than public transportation. This paper investigates the Ecomobility that seeks the promotion integration of passenging, cycling, wheeling, and walking. This approach will provide better health (SDG 3), clean air, mobility and accessibility, noise avoidance, greenhouse gas emission reduction, individual cost savings, and energy efficiency (SDG 11). It analyzes the pedestrians’ traveling modes in Riyadh city through a case study of the Prince Sultan University’s (PSU) community, then evaluates the pedestrians’ environment quality in the campus surroundings. Analysis used a web-based survey referred to the PSU people, including Students, Faculty, and Staff. On the other hand, the pedestrian’s environment quality was evaluated in-site built on well-constructed criteria. The assessment’s results addressed the factors influencing pedestrian choices and underlined the barriers for transformation to Ecomobility. Based on conclusions, recommendations are proposed to foster pedestrian ecomobility for sustainable urban development in Riyadh city.
Prevalence, Symptomology, Detection and Molecular Characterization of Citrus Viroid V Infecting New Citrus Cultivars in Pakistan.
Authors: Ali Amjad , Umar Ummad U. , Akthar Sohail , Rehman Ateeq U. , Shakeel Muhammad Taimoor , Tahir Muhammad Nouman , Atta Sagheer , Ölmez Fatih , Parveen Rashida 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
1. Background Citrus plants are prone to infection by different viroids which deteriorate their vigor and production. Citrus viroid V (CVd-V) is among the six citrus viroids, belongs to genus Apscaviroid (family Pospiviroidae) which induces symptoms of mild necrotic lesions and cracks. II. Methods and ResultsA survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of CVd-V in core and non-core citrus cultivated areas of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 154 samples from different citrus cultivars were tested for CVd-V infection by RT-PCR. The results revealed 66.66% disease incidence of CVd-V. Citrus cultivars Palastinia Sweet lime, Roy Ruby, Olenda Valencia, Kaghzi lime, and Dancy were identified as new citrus hosts of CVd-V for the first time from Pakistan. The viroid infection was confirmed by biological indexing on indicator host Etrog citron. The reported primers used for the detection of CVd-V did not amplified, rather showed non-specific amplification, which led to the designing of new primers. Sequencing analysis confirmed the new host of CVd-V showing 98 - 100% nucleotide sequence homology with those reported previously from other countries while 100% sequence homology to the isolates reported from Pakistan. Based on phylogenetic analysis using all CVd-V sequences in GenBank, two main CVd-V groups (I and II) were identified, and newly identified sequences during this study fall in the group I. All isolates of Pakistan showed high sequence homology with other isolates of CVd-V from Iran and USA whereas; the isolates from China, Japan, Tunisia, and Africa are distantly related. It is evident that CVd-V is spreading in all citrus cultivars. III. ConclusionThe study revealed that there are some changes in the nucleotide sequences CVd-V which made difficult for their detection using reported primers. Whereas, new back-to-back designed primers (CVd-V AF1/CVd-V AR1) detected CVd-V successfully and obtained an expected amplified product of CVd-V with 294bp. Palastinia Sweet lime, Roy Ruby, Olenda Valencia, Kaghzi lime, and Dancy were identified as new citrus hosts of CVd-V for the first time from Pakistan with these newly designed primers.
Impact of Anxiety and Depression on The Prognosis of COPD Exacerbations
Authors: Martínez-Gestoso Sandra , García-Sanz María-Teresa , Carreira José-Martín , Salgado Francisco-Javier , Calvo-Álvarez Uxío , Doval-Oubiña Liliana , Camba-Matos Sandra , Peleteiro-Pedraza Lorena , González-Pérez Miguel-Angel , Penela-Penela Pedro , Vilas-Iglesias Andrés , González-Barcala Francisco-Javier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Frequent and highly prevalent as comorbidities in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, both depression and anxiety seem to have an impact on COPD prognosis. However, they are underdiagnosed and rarely treated properly. Aim: to establish the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and determine their influence on COPD prognosis.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted from October 1, 2016 to October 1, 2018 at the following centers in Galicia, Spain: Salnés County Hospital, Arquitecto Marcide, and Clinic Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela. Patients admitted for AECOPD who agreed to participate and completed the anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were included in the study.Results: 288 patients (46.8%) were included, mean age was 73.7 years (SD 10.9), 84.7% were male. 67.7% patients were diagnosed with probable depression, and depression was established in 41.7%; anxiety was probable in 68.2% and established in 35.4%. 60.4% of all patients showed symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Multivariate analysis relates established depression with a higher risk of late readmission (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.28; 3.31) and a lower risk of mortality at 18 months (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37;0.90) Conclusion: the prevalence of anxiety and depression in COPD patients is high. Depression seems to be an independent factor for AECOPD, so early detection and a multidisciplinary approach could improve the prognosis of both entities.The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Galicia (code 2016/460).
Unique challenges in management alcoholic hepatitis with large left sided ischiorectoal abscess- A case report.
Authors: vasavada bhavin bhuendra , Patel Hardik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis is a condition with high mortality and morbidity. It is routine to have infectious complications with alcoholic hepatitis. However, ischiorectal abscess with its unique management challenges has not been described in the literature. We describe here a case of ischiorectal abscess with alcoholic hepatitis, and how the post-operative course is much more complicated due to underlying alcoholic hepatitis.
Required displacement factors for evaluating and comparing climate impacts of intensive and extensive forestry in Germany
Authors: Buschbeck Christian , Pauliuk Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Forestry plays a major role in climate change mitigation. However, which intensity of logging is best suited for that task, remains controversial. We contribute to the debate by quantitatively analyzing two different forest management scenarios in Germany, an intensive and an extensive one. We assess whether increased carbon storage in wood products and substitution of other emission-intensive materials can offset reduced carbon stocks in the forest due to increased harvesting. For that, we calculate annual Required Displacement Factors (RDF) - a dimensionless quantity that indicates the minimal Displacement Factor (DF) so that intensive forestry outperforms extensive forestry from a climate perspective.ResultAnnual RDFs show values of about 1 in the first two decades and after 2030 a steady decline to about 0. The comparison between current average DF and calculated RDFs indicates that for now, a compensation of lower carbon stocks in forests by material and energy substitution as well as product carbon storage is possible. In the future however, DFs will decline due to a decarbonization of the economy, hence the net climate mitigation potential of substitution diminishes. In terms of total global warming potential, the performance of the two scenarios is likewise dependent on how quickly the rest of the economy decarbonizes: With a conservative estimate on future emission reduction, leading to relatively high DFs, intensive forestry is beneficial, reducing total global warming potential (GWP) over the analysed time period of 40 years by 100 - 300 Mt CO2-equ. compared to extensive forestry. With an optimistic estimate for low future DFs extensive forestry is beneficial, reducing GWP over the same time period by 0 - 200 Mt CO2-equ. compared to intensive forestry.Conclusion Our findings highlight the necessity of a broad systems perspective for assessing the climate impacts of wood use. Robust statements about the climate performance of different forestry scenarios can only be made by including different possible industry decarbonisation pathways into the assessment. Still, we can robustly conclude that the later a change in forest management is initiated, the more beneficial the extensive scenario will be, because carbon displacement diminishes as decarbonization proceeds.
Organization and Dynamics of The Spovaea Protein and its Surrounding Inner Membrane Lipids, Upon Germination of Bacillus Subtilis Spores
Authors: Wen Juan , Vischer Norbert O.E. , Vos Arend L. , Manders Erik. M. M. , Setlow Peter , Brul Stanley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The SpoVA proteins make up a channel in the inner membrane (IM) of Bacillus subtilis spores. This channel responds to signals from activated germinant receptors (GRs), and allows release of Ca2+-DPA from the spore core during germination. In the current work, we studied the location and dynamics of SpoVAEa in dormant spores. Notably, the SpoVAEa-SGFP2 proteins were present in a single spot in spores, similar to the IM complex formed by all GRs termed the germinosome. However, while the GRs’ spot remains in one location, the SpoVAEa-SGFP2 spot in the IM moved randomly with high frequency. It seems possible that this movement may be a means of communicating germination signals from the germinosome to the IM SpoVA channel, thus stimulating CaDPA release in germination. The dynamics of the SpoVAEa-SGFP2 and its surrounding IM region as stained by fluorescent dyes were also tracked during spore germination, as the dormant spore IM appeared to have an immobile germination related functional microdomain. This microdomain disappeared around the time of appearance of a germinated spore, and the loss of fluorescence of the IM with fluorescent dyes, as well as the appearance of peak SpoVAEa-SGFP2 fluorescent intensity occurred in parallel. These observed events were highly related to spores’ rapid phase darkening, which is considered as due to rapid Ca2+DPA release. We also tested the response of SpoVAEa and the IM to thermal treatments at 40-80°C. Heat treatment triggered an increase of green autofluorescence, which is speculated to be due to coat protein denaturation, and 80°C treatments induce the appearance of phase-grey-like spores. These spores presumably have a similar intracellular physical state as the phase grey spores detected in the germination but lack the functional proteins for further germination events.
Adsorption of Acid Red 35 (AR35) dye onto Mandarin Biochar-TETA (MBT) derived from Mandarin peels
Authors: Yılmaz Murat , Eldeeb Tarek M. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Nemr Ahmed El 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new biochar was produced from mandarin peel residues by dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid followed by decoration with oxidation then reaction with TETA. The effect of the obtained new biochar on the ability to remove AR35 dye from the aqueous solution was investigated. The prepared Mandarin Biochar-TETA (MBT) was characterized by FT-IR, BJH, BET, SEM, DSC, TGA, XRD and EDX analyses. The optimum pH value for AR35 dye adsorption was determined as 1.5. The highest removal percentage of AR35 dye was 97.50% using 300 mg L−1 AR35 dye initial concentration and 2.5 g L−1 MBT dose. The MBT had a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 476.19 mg g−1. The data obtained were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Jovanovic isotherm models. In addition, the data obtained from these isotherm models were tested using different error functions (hybrid error function (HYBRID), average percent errors (APE), the sum of the absolute errors (EABS), Chi-square error (X2), the root mean square errors (RMS) and Marquardt's percent standard deviation (MPSD)) equations. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model was best fitted to the experimental data of MBT. Kinetic data were evaluated by pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), elovich, intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion models. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by a pseudo-second-order rate model with a good correlation (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption mechanism process of AR35 dye by MBT mainly involves the adsorption of anions via the electrostatic attraction forces that develop with the increase in the number of positively charged regions at acidic pH values. The results indicate that MBT is promising for the removal of AR35 dye from water and could be repeatedly used without significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
Mitosis of Hepatitis B virus-infected cells results in uninfected daughter cells
Authors: Tu Thomas , Zehnder Benno , Wettengel Jochen , Zhang Henrik , Coulter Sally , Ho Vikki , Douglas Mark , Protzer Ulrike , George Jacob , Urban Stephan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is a major cause of liver failure and liver cancer, resulting in 600,000 annual deaths globally. Infection chronicity (and resultant liver disease) is determined by intrahepatic persistence of the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), an episomal form that encodes all viral transcripts. Therefore, cccDNA is a key target for new treatments, with the ultimate aim of its elimination. While established cccDNA molecules are stable in resting hepatocytes, their fate in dividing cells is not well understood. Using highly-sensitive quantification assays, we observed a dramatic reduction in cccDNA levels, HBV-positive cell numbers, and cccDNA-dependent protein expression after each round of cell mitosis. These observations are consistent with a complete loss (as opposed to a dilution) of cccDNA in daughter cells. Our results thus show that HBV persistence can be efficiently overcome by inducing cell mitosis and justify therapeutic approaches that induce liver turnover (e.g. immune modulators) as an adjunct to achieve Hepatitis B cure.
Sea lions could use multilateration localization for object tracking as tested with bio-inspired whisker arrays
Authors: Glick Raphael , Muthuramalingam Muthukumar , Brücker Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous behavioural research on live sea lions has shown that they are able to detect the direction of oncoming vortices, even when impacting contralaterally.These experiments showed that the whisker system and the animal's neural processing is seemingly able to detect the Direction of Arrival (DoA) from just one side of the heads vibrissal pads. Therefore, temporal differences between whisker stimulation is a likely method for determining the angle. Herein, a theoretical model is presented based on multilateration, and tested by experimental studies on a 2D array of bio-inspired whiskers with regular spacing, and a 3D array of bio-inspired whiskers on a model head of a sea lion, as used in our previous studies. The results show that arrays of whiskers can in principle work as antennae to determine the DoA.This detection of the DoA is achieved by cross-correlation of triplets of whiskers, and Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) based multilateration, a method similar to signal processing in modern communication systems and other source localization applications. The results on the 2D array are conclusive and clearly support the hypothesis, while increased uncertainties were found for the 3D array, which could be explained by structural shortcomings of the experimental model. Possible ways to improve the signal are discussed.
Properties of AlN thin film as dielectric for Au/Ti/n-Si device
Authors: YILDIZ Esra Dilber , Tataroglu A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the electric and dielectric properties of Au/Ti/AlN/n-Si device with using admittance measurements. Aluminum nitride (AlN) epitaxial template on n-Si substrate was deposited by a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) technique. Au/Ti contact was thermally evaporated on AlN thin film. Thus, admittance measurements (Y=G+iωC) of the fabricated device were performed and analyzed for frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 1000 kHz and at room temperature. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) characteristics shown a strong frequency dependence. This behavior is associated with the reaction of the interface traps to the applied ac signal. Also, the dielectric parameters, conductivity, and electric modulus of the device were extracted from capacitance and conductance data. The obtained results suggest that the prepared device can be used as a capacitor in electronic circuits.