bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized robust interaction control of modular robot manipulators via harmonic drive compliance model-based human motion intention identification
Authors: Dong Bo , Wang Yuexi , Chen Jingchen , Zhang Zhenguo , An Tianjiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a human motion intention estimation-based decentralized robust interaction control method of modular robot manipulators (MRMs) is proposed under the situation of physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). Different from traditional interaction control scheme that depends on the biological signal and centralized control method, the decentralized robust interaction control is implemented that using only position measurements of each joint module in this investigation. Based on the harmonic drive compliance model, a novel torque-sensorless human motion intention estimation method is developed, which utilizes only the information of local dynamic position measurements. On this basis, the decentralized robust interaction control scheme is presented to achieve high performance of position tracking and ensure the security of interaction to create the ’safety’ interaction environment. The uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) of the tracking error is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, pHRI experiments confirm the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method.
Neighborhood discovery via augmented network community structure
Authors: Bramson Aaron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe geospatial characteristics of transportation networks structurally constrain their features, and as a result, analysis methods designed for social networks typically fail to capture useful characteristics or make informative comparisons. In the case of road networks, natural constraints on the edge distribution weaken the ability of standard community detection algorithms to find clusters of nodes that align with natural neighborhood extents. We show that by adding edge weights based on the similarity of localized subgraph features, we can apply modularity-based community detection algorithms to uncover improved neighborhood shapes and extents. The use of local network characteristics allows the feature analysis to be completed in linear time, thus making the approach expandable to very large networks. We demonstrate this technique with an application to central Tokyo.
EVALUATING THE TAIL RISK OF MULTIVARIATE AGGREGATE LOSSES
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Ren Jiandong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the tail risk measures for several commonly used multivariate aggregate loss models where the claim frequencies are dependent but the claim sizes are mutually independent and independent of the claim frequencies. We first develop formulas for the moment (or size biased) transforms of the multivariate aggregate losses, showing their relationship with the moment transforms of the claim frequencies and claim sizes. Then, we apply the formulas to compute some popular risk measures such as the tail conditional expectation and tail variance of the multivariate aggregated losses and to perform capital allocation analysis.
Understanding healthcare provider preferences for ordering respiratory cultures to diagnose ventilator associated pneumonia: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kenaa Blaine , O’Hara Nathan N. , O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Claeys Kimberly C. , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can be overdiagnosed on the basis of positive respiratory cultures in the absence of clinical findings of pneumonia. We determined the perceived diagnostic importance of 6 clinical attributes in ordering a respiratory culture to identify opportunities for diagnostic stewardship.

Design:
A discrete choice experiment presented participants with a vignette consisting of the same “stem” plus variations in 6 clinical attributes associated with VAP: chest imaging, oxygenation, sputum, temperature, white blood cell count, and blood pressure. Each attribute had 3–4 levels, resulting in 32 total scenarios. Participants indicated whether they would order a respiratory culture, and if yes, whether they preferred the bronchoalveolar lavage or endotracheal aspirate sample-collection method. We calculated diagnostic utility of attribute levels and relative importance of each attribute.

Setting and participants:
The survey was administered electronically to critical-care clinicians via a Qualtrics survey at a tertiary-care academic center in the United States.

Results:
In total, 59 respondents completed the survey. New radiograph opacity (utility, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.3), hypotension (utility, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03), fever (utility, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.91) and copious sputum (utility, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.90) had the greatest perceived diagnostic value that favored ordering a respiratory culture. Radiograph changes (23%) and temperature (20%) had the highest relative importance. New opacity (utility, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.52) and persistent opacity on radiograph (utility, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.05–0.59) had the greatest value favoring bronchoalveolar lavage over endotracheal aspirate.

Conclusion:
Perceived high diagnostic value of fever and hypotension suggest that sepsis vigilance may drive respiratory culturing and play a role in VAP overdiagnosis.
Lonely for Touch? A Narrative Review on the Role of Touch in Loneliness
Authors: Noone Catrin , McKenna-Plumley Phoebe E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLoneliness is an increasingly ubiquitous topic in academic, policy, and healthcare domains. This work typically focuses on its negative physical and mental health consequences, generally employing a singular cognitive definition of loneliness. In doing so, one central aspect of our social world has been neglected in loneliness research and policy: touch. Touch is a fundamental human behaviour and a powerful form of communication which plays a role in physical and psychological wellbeing. This narrative review outlines a conceptual basis upon which to consider the relationship between loneliness and social touch and reviews the available research examining this connection. There are strong indications that these social phenomena can interact in a variety of ways and this review argues that elements of presence, absence, and type of touch may impact upon loneliness experiences. Additionally, this review considers the challenges inherent to researching touch and loneliness, reflecting on their sensitive and subjective nature. The increasing relevance of the touch–loneliness connection is described in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and recommendations are given for research, policy, and practice. This review proposes that touch should be a key topic for investigation in loneliness research and outlines the potentially invaluable role of touch in understanding loneliness.
Appreciative Silencing in Communicative Exchange
Authors: Tobi Abraham 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInstances of epistemic injustice elicit resistance, anger, despair, frustration or cognate emotional responses from their victims. This sort of response to the epistemic injustices that accompanied historical systems of oppression such as colonialism, for example, is normal. However, if their victims have internalised these oppressive situations, we could get the counterintuitive response of appreciation. In this paper, I argue for the phenomenon of appreciative silencing to make sense of instances like this. This is a form of epistemic silencing that happens when the accepted hegemonic intuitions of the oppressed are formed/influenced by the ideologies of the oppressors over time. Here, we have a resilient, oppressive and hegemonic epistemic system. Put together, it creates a variant of epistemic injustice and silencing that is obscure since its victims are neither resistant nor aware of the injustice they face but are appreciative.
Higher homotopy categories, higher derivators, and K-theory
Authors: Raptis George 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For every

$\infty $

-category

$\mathscr {C}$

, there is a homotopy n-category

$\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

and a canonical functor

$\gamma _n \colon \mathscr {C} \to \mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

. We study these higher homotopy categories, especially in connection with the existence and preservation of (co)limits, by introducing a higher categorical notion of weak colimit. Using homotopy n-categories, we introduce the notion of an n-derivator and study the main examples arising from

$\infty $

-categories. Following the work of Maltsiniotis and Garkusha, we define K-theory for

$\infty $

-derivators and prove that the canonical comparison map from the Waldhausen K-theory of

$\mathscr {C}$

to the K-theory of the associated n-derivator

$\mathbb {D}_{\mathscr {C}}^{(n)}$

is

$(n+1)$

-connected. We also prove that this comparison map identifies derivator K-theory of

$\infty $

-derivators in terms of a universal property. Moreover, using the canonical structure of higher weak pushouts in the homotopy n-category, we also define a K-theory space

$K(\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}, \mathrm {can})$

associated to

$\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

. We prove that the canonical comparison map from the Waldhausen K-theory of

$\mathscr {C}$

to

$K(\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}, \mathrm {can})$

is n-connected.
Federal Compensatory Education Policies from Lyndon B. Johnson to Barack H. Obama
Authors: Vinovskis Maris A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article summarizes and assesses federal K-12 compensatory education policies during the past six decades. It focuses on the centerpiece of that effort, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Related programs such as America 2000, Goals 2000, No Child Left Behind, and Every Student Succeeds Act are discussed. It analyzes the increasing use of ambitious federal education goals since the 1990s as well as greater reliance on high-stakes testing. It also considers the role of presidents as well as governors in this process.
More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomised controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Clark David M. , Wild Jennifer , Warnock-Parkes Emma , Stott Richard , Grey Nick , Thew Graham , Ehlers Anke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD) is recommended by NICE (2013) as a first-line intervention. Take up in routine services is limited by the need for up to 14 ninety-min face-to-face sessions, some of which are out of the office. An internet-based version of the treatment (iCT-SAD) with remote therapist support may achieve similar outcomes with less therapist time.Methods102 patients with social anxiety disorder were randomised to iCT-SAD, CT-SAD, or waitlist (WAIT) control, each for 14 weeks. WAIT patients were randomised to the treatments after wait. Assessments were at pre-treatment/wait, midtreatment/wait, posttreatment/wait, and follow-ups 3 & 12 months after treatment. The pre-registered (ISRCTN 95 458 747) primary outcome was the social anxiety disorder composite, which combines 6 independent assessor and patient self-report scales of social anxiety. Secondary outcomes included disability, general anxiety, depression and a behaviour test.ResultsCT-SAD and iCT-SAD were both superior to WAIT on all measures. iCT-SAD did not differ from CT-SAD on the primary outcome at post-treatment or follow-up. Total therapist time in iCT-SAD was 6.45 h. CT-SAD required 15.8 h for the same reduction in social anxiety. Mediation analysis indicated that change in process variables specified in cognitive models accounted for 60% of the improvements associated with either treatment. Unlike the primary outcome, there was a significant but small difference in favour of CT-SAD on the behaviour test.ConclusionsWhen compared to conventional face-to-face therapy, iCT-SAD can more than double the amount of symptom change associated with each therapist hour.
Is there non-resistant non-belief?
Authors: Napier Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost commentators on the argument from divine hiddenness agree that there exists non-resistant non-belief. This article challenges this orthodoxy by arguing that on closer inspection, this premise is problematic. The putative categories of non-resistant non-belief are really instances of resistance, or non-resistant non-belief of the sort that is not incongruent with what a good and loving God would allow (or could prevent). One of the central critiques offered here is that Schellenberg's argument against the veridicality of religious experience, if true, calls into question the importance of having conscious apprehension of God. The absence of conscious apprehension of God is taken by Schellenberg as evidence of hiddenness. But if religious experience is as epistemically tenuous as he argues it is (as against the veridicality of religious experience) then God would not be interested in bequeathing it. So, there is an internal tension within the hiddenness argument that defeats one of its key premises. Non-belief is either resistant or non-resistant, but not of the sort incompatible with what a loving God would allow.
A theory of informal and formal social citizenship and welfare
Authors: NORDENSVÄRD JOHAN , KETOLA MARKUS 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFormal social citizenship is limited in how it enables us to think about informal social citizenship and informal welfare. This informal perspective is important in all contexts where access to social rights is negotiated through local and transnational spaces, and where the state is a relatively minor player. By drawing on work on moral economy (Scott, 1976) and informal welfare (Gough and Wood, 2006) the article aims to propose a new theoretical model to understand the nature and social practice of both informal citizenship and welfare. This model departs from a western-centric understanding of nation-state-based citizenship and national welfare states, adopting instead the perspective that informal social citizenship and welfare have existed independently of the nation state as long as there have been human communities. Formal citizenship together with formal welfare rights represent just one particular crystallization of such informal practice. Our proposed model highlights the interdependent (rather than evolutionary) relationship between formal welfare at national level and informal welfare practices at local and transnational levels.
Hate, amplified? Social media news consumption and support for anti-Muslim policies
Authors: Lajevardi Nazita , Oskooii Kassra A.R. , Walker Hannah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch finds that social media platforms’ peer-to-peer structures shape the public discourse and increase citizens’ likelihood of exposure to unregulated, false, and prejudicial content. Here, we test whether self-reported reliance on social media as a primary news source is linked to racialised policy support, taking the case of United States Muslims, a publicly visible but understudied group about whom significant false and prejudicial content is abundant on these platforms. Drawing on three original surveys and the Nationscape dataset, we find a strong and consistent association between reliance on social media and support for a range of anti-Muslim policies. Importantly, reliance on social media is linked to policy attitudes across the partisan divide and for individuals who reported holding positive or negative feelings towards Muslims. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the political ramification of information presented on contemporary social media outlets, particularly information related to stigmatised groups.
Cardiac involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: single-centre experience
Authors: Atasayan Vildan , Akbay Özge P. , Çağlayan Şengül , Sözeri Betül , Hasbal Akkuş Canan , Vuran Alican , Öner Taliha , Karacan Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to evaluate electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, Holter recordings of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and to identify prognostic factors for cardiac involvement.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed demographic characteristics, medical data, laboratory findings, electrocardiogram and echocardiographic findings, 24-hour Holter recordings, need for an ICU, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤%55 on echocardiography.Results:Sixty-seven children were included in the study. 24-hour Holters were recorded in 61.2% of the patients and 49.2% were normal. On echocardiographic examination, 14.9% of the patients had systolic dysfunction (EF ≤ 55%). While 32.8% of patients had mild mitral regurgitation, 3% had moderate mitral regurgitation, and 6% had mild aortic regurgitation. There was no statistically significant difference in EF values between the group with arrhythmia in Holter and the group with normal Holter results (p ≥ 0.05). B-type natriuretic peptide was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. Significant effectivity of the B-type natriuretic peptide value was observed in the differentiation of those with EF ≤ and > 55%. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was needed for three (4.5%) patients. One patient who died had systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Conclusions:Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, troponin, and B-type natriuretic peptide were found to be significantly higher in patients with systolic dysfunction. Also, the cut-off value of 1700 pg/ml for B-type natriuretic peptide was significantly effective. These parameters may indicate the severity of the disease but should be supported by prospective studies.
The macroeconomic effects of the tax cuts and jobs act
Authors: Occhino Filippo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the macroeconomic effects of seven key TCJA provisions, including the tax cuts for individuals and businesses, the bonus depreciation of equipment, the amortization of R&D expenses, and the limits on interest deductibility. I use a dynamic general equilibrium model with interest deductibility and accelerated depreciation. I find that, initially, the tax reform had a small positive effect on output and investment. In the medium term, however, the effect on output will diminish, and the effect on investment will turn negative. The tax reform will depress investment in R&D. Government debt will surge.
Representing Cloud Mesoscale Variability in Superparameterized Climate Models
Authors: Jansson Fredrik , van den Oord Gijs , Pelupessy Inti , Chertova Maria , Grönqvist Johanna H. , Siebesma A. Pier , Crommelin Daan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn atmospheric modeling, superparameterization (SP) has gained popularity as a technique to improve cloud and convection representations in large‐scale models by coupling them locally to cloud‐resolving models. We show how the different representations of cloud water in the local and the global models in SP lead to a suppression of cloud advection and ultimately to a systematic underrepresentation of the cloud amount in the large‐scale model. We demonstrate this phenomenon in a regional SP experiment with the global model OpenIFS coupled to the local model Dutch Atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation, as well as in an idealized setup, where the large‐scale model is replaced by a simple advection scheme. As a starting point for mitigating the problem of suppressed cloud advection, we propose a scheme where the spatial variability of the local model's total water content is enhanced in order to match the global model's cloud condensate amount. The proposed scheme enhances the cloud condensate amount in the test cases, however a large discrepancy remains, caused by rapid dissipation of the clouds added by the proposed scheme.
A comparison of bacterial colonization between nasogastric and orogastric enteral feeding tubes in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Vongbhavit Kannikar , Salinero Lauren K. , Kalanetra Karen M. , Masarweh Chad , Yu Alice , Taft Diana H. , Mills David A. , Underwood Mark A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Feeding tubes harbor microbial contaminants; studies to date have not explored differences between orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) tube biofilms. We sought to extend a previous analysis by comparing bacterial colonization by location (OG v NG) and by evaluating clinical factors that may affect tube bacterial populations.

Study design
The pharyngeal segments of 41 infant feeding tubes (14 OG and 27 NG) from 41 infants were analyzed by next generation 16 S rRNA sequencing on the MiSeq platform.

Results
At the phylum level, Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance of both OG and NG tubes. At the genus/species level, nine taxa differed significantly between OG and NG tubes. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed significant differences between OG and NG tubes with relatively little contribution from clinical factors.

Conclusion
The route of feeding tube insertion (oral vs nasal) had a greater impact on bacterial colonization than the assessed clinical factors.
Radical cancer treatment is safe during COVID-19: the real-world experience of a large London-based Comprehensive Cancer Centre during the first wave
Authors: Russell Beth , Moss Charlotte , Monroy-Iglesias Maria , Roberts Graham , Dickinson Harvey , Haire Kate , Innes Kathryn , Mulji-Shah Bansi , Castell Fiona , Al-Salihi Omar , Lei Mary , Francis Angela , Dann Bill , Jogia Vikash , Hamid Hisham , Challacombe Ben , Simo Ricard , Fraser Stephanie , Gousis Charalampos , Sawyer Elinor , Tsotra Eirini , Roca Jose , Khan Muhammad , Josephs Debra , Enting Deborah , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Harris Victoria , Dolly Saoirse 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
During the COVID pandemic, there was a paucity of data to support clinical decision-making for anticancer treatments. We evaluated the safety of radical treatments which were delivered whilst mitigating the risks of concurrent COVID-19 infection.

Methods
Using descriptive statistics, we report on the characteristics and short-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing radical cancer treatment during the first COVID-19 wave compared to a similar pre-pandemic period.

Results
Compared to 2019, the number of patients undergoing radical treatment in 2020 reduced by: 28% for surgery; 18% for SACT; and 10% for RT. Within SACT, 36% received combination therapy, 35% systemic chemotherapy, 23% targeted treatments, 5% immunotherapy and 2% biological therapy. A similar proportion of RT was delivered in 2019 and 2020 (53% vs. 52%). Oncological outcomes were also similar to pre-COVID-19. The COVID-19 infection rates were low: 12 patients were positive pre surgery (1%), 7 post surgery (<1%), 17 SACT patients (2%) and 3 RT patients (<1%). No COVID-19-related deaths were reported.

Conclusions
Whilst there were fewer patients receiving radical anticancer treatments, those who did receive treatment were treated in a safe environment. Overall, cancer patients should have the confidence to attend hospitals and be reassured of the safety measures implemented.