bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining high utility itemsets with time‐aware scheduling using Apache Spark
Authors: Brahmavar Anup , Venkatarama Harish , Maiya Geetha 
Published: August 2022

SummarySince the last decade, Market Basket Analysis has been propelled by augmentation of revenue information. Termed as high utility itemset mining (HUIM), this task considers the factors of purchase quantity and unit profit of the items in the transaction database. Although several sequential algorithms to mine HUIs exist, their performance degrades as the database becomes voluminous. Distributed computing solutions such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark have proven effective in alleviating this bottleneck. In this regard, the current study develops a parallel workflow to adapt a single‐phase tree‐based algorithm called the single phase utility computation (SPUC) algorithm on a Spark cluster. Based on the time taken to mine individual conditional pattern bases in SPUC, an assignment strategy that partitions the search space across the cluster is proposed in parallel SPUC (PSPUC) algorithm. Experimental evaluation conducted using real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that PSPUC outperforms PHUI‐Growth algorithm. Apart from this, PSPUC in conjunction with the time‐aware assignment strategy converges mining faster than a random assignment of items. A linear speedup of PSPUC is also demonstrated.
Intraspecific variation in male mating strategies in an African ground squirrel (Xerus inauris)
Authors: Manjerovic Mary Beth , Hoffman Eric A. , Parkinson Christopher L. , Waterman Jane M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMale mating strategies respond to female availability such that variation in resources that affect spatial distribution can also alter cost–benefit tradeoffs within a population. In arid‐adapted species, rainfall alters reproduction, behavior, morphology, and population density such that populations differing in resource availability may also differ in successful reproductive strategies. Here, we compare two populations of Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris), a sub‐Saharan species with year‐round breeding and intense mating competition. Unlike most mammals where males resort to aggressive interactions over females, maleX. inaurisare tolerant of one another, relying instead on other nonaggressive pre‐ and postcopulatory strategies to determine reproductive success. Our findings suggest that differences in resource availability affect female distribution, which ultimately leads to intraspecific variation in male reproductive tactics and sexual morphology. Sperm competition, assessed by reproductive morphometrics, was more pronounced in our high resource site where females were distributed evenly across the landscape, whereas dominance seemed to be an important determinant of success in our low resource site where females were more aggregated. Both sites had similar mating intensities, and most males did not sire any offspring. However, our low resource site had a higher variance in fertilization success with fewer males siring multiple offspring compared with our high resource site where more individuals were successful. Our results lend support to resource models where variations in female spatial distribution attributed to environmental resources ultimately impact male reproductive behaviors and morphology.
The associations between modifiable risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xie Jiarong , Huang Hangkai , Liu Zhening , Li Youming , Yu Chaohui , Xu Lei , Xu Chengfu 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Early identification of modifiable risk factors is essential for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to systematically explore the relationships between genetically predicted modifiable risk factors and NAFLD.

Approach and Results:
We applied univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses to explore the relationships between 35 modifiable risk factors and NAFLD. We also evaluated the combined results in three independent large genome‐wide association studies. Genetically predicted alcohol frequency, elevated serum levels of liver enzymes, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, and obesity traits, including body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat mass, were associated with increased risks of NAFLD (all with p < 0.05). Poor physical condition had a suggestive increased risk for NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, p = 0.042). Genetically instrumented type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypothyroidism, and hypertension all increased the risk for NAFLD, and the ORs (95% confidence interval) were 1.508 (1.20–1.90), 13.08 (1.53–111.65), and 3.11 (1.33–7.31) for a 1‐U increase in log‐transformed odds, respectively. The positive associations of T2DM and hypertension with NAFLD remained significant in multivariable analyses. The combined results from the discovery and two replication datasets further confirmed that alcohol frequency, elevated serum liver enzymes, poor physical condition, obesity traits, T2DM, and hypertension significantly increase the risk of NAFLD, whereas higher education and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐cholesterol) could lower NAFLD risk.

Conclusions:
Genetically predicted alcohol frequency, elevated serum liver enzymes, poor physical condition, obesity traits, T2DM, and hypertension were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, whereas higher education and HDL‐cholesterol were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD.
Inadequate practices for hepatic encephalopathy management in the inpatient setting
Authors: Shaw Jawaid , Beyers Lisa , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an important complication of decompensated liver disease. Hospital admission for episodes of HE are very common, with these patients being managed by the hospitalists. These admissions are costly and burdensome to the health‐care system. Diagnosis of HE at times is not straightforward, particularly in patients who are altered and unable to provide any history. Precipitants leading to episodes of HE, should be actively sought and effectively tackled along with the overall management. This mandates timely diagnostics, appropriate initiation of pharmacological treatment, and supportive care. Infections are the most important precipitants leading to HE and should be aggressively managed. Lactulose is the front‐line medication for primary treatment of HE episodes and for prevention of subsequent recurrence. However, careful titration in the hospital setting along with the appropriate route of administration should be established and supervised by the hospitalist. Rifaximin has established its role as an add‐on medication, in those cases where lactulose alone is not working. Overall effective management of HE calls for attention to guideline‐directed nutritional requirements, functional assessment, medication reconciliation, patient education/counseling, and proper discharge planning. This will potentially help to reduce readmissions, which are all too common for HE patients. Early specialty consultation may be warranted in certain conditions. Numerous challenges exist to optimal care of hospitalized OHE patients. However, hospitalists if equipped with knowledge about a systematic approach to taking care of these frail patients are in an ideal position to ensure good inpatient and transition of care outcomes.
Artificial Seeds‐Regulated Femtosecond Laser Plasmonic Nanopatterning
Authors: Geng Jiao , Shi Liping , Sun Xiaoyu , Yan Wei , Qiu Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), being localized at nanoscale and coherent with driving field, are attractive for large‐scale surface nanopatterning. Under femtosecond laser irradiation, the interference between incident light and excited SPPs is efficient to produce periodic nanostructures. However, it generally relies on self‐initiated seeds, which are random and uncontrollable, leading to irregular patterns. Here, controllable laser plasmonic nanopatterning is experimentally illustrated in terms of artificial seeds that are pre‐structured by laser direct writing. The approach is demonstrated on bilayer ultrathin films, consisting of a 50‐nm‐silicon coating on a 100‐nm‐platinum (Pt) or silver (Ag) film. The artificial seeds are in form of silicon oxide. The Pt is utilized to support SPPs, and the nanopatterning occurs in Si film via laser‐induced periodic oxidation. The underlying mechanisms of this approach are numerically investigated and experimentally verified. The typical problems, such as bifurcation, distortion, wavy, and poor splicing are all solved by the artificial seeds. Therefore, large‐scale nanogratings with extremely high uniformity are readily produced. Furthermore, manipulating the orientation of periodic nanostructures by the artificial seeds associated with controlled light polarization is illustrated. When using circularly polarized lasers, the artificial seeds can facilitate a diverse range of periodic patterns with arbitrary while controllable orientation.
Cost of open access publishing in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery
Authors: Kim Eric K. , Shrime Mark G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveOpen access (OA) publishing makes research more accessible but is associated with steep article processing charges (APCs). The study objective was to characterize the APCs of OA publishing in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) journals.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of published policies of 110 OHNS journals collated from three databases. The primary outcomes were the publishing model, APC for original research, and APC waiver policy.ResultsWe identified 110 OHNS journals (57 fully OA, 47 hybrid, 2 subscription‐only, 4 unknown model). After excluding 12 journals (2 subscription‐only, 4 unknown model, 5 OA with unspecified APCs, and 1 OA that accepts publications only from society members), we analyzed 98 journals, 23 of which did not charge APCs. Among 75 journals with nonzero APCs, the mean and median APCs were $2452 and $2900 (interquartile range: $1082–3520). Twenty‐five journals (33.3%) offered APC subsidies for authors in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and/or on a case‐by‐case basis. Eighty‐five and 25 journals were based in high‐income countries (HICs) and LMICs, respectively. The mean APC was higher among HIC journals than LMIC journals ($2606 vs. $958, p < 0.001).ConclusionAPCs range from tens to thousands of dollars with limited waivers for authors in LMICs.
Between Hostility and Solidarity: The Production of the Andean Region–Southern Cone Transit Migratory Corridor
Authors: Álvarez Velasco Soledad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBeyond the domination of the Mexico-U.S. corridor as the prototypical example of Latin America’s space of transit in the Americas, in the past years a new migratory transit corridor has begun to take shape. Drawing on ethnographic data collected between 2015 and 2019, the dynamics at work in the configuration of the extended migratory corridor Andean Region-Southern Cone countries and Brazil are here inquired. The compared experiences of African, Caribbean, and South American regularized and irregularized migrants within long and short terms transits, will allow an analysis focused on: (1) the causes that triggered such mobilities; (2) its social and digital organization; and, (3) the emerging control policies against it. With empirical data regarding new mobilities and forms of control within South America, the chapter contributes therefore in a wider debate regarding the new geography of transit states and transit migration from a multi-scaled perspective.
Telenotarztsysteme im deutschen Rettungsdienst: eine nationale Sachstandserhebung
Authors: Rupp Dennis , Benöhr Peter , König Marco K. , Bollinger Matthias , Wranze-Bielefeld Erich , Eichen Philipp Maximilian , Kill Clemens 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Bislang liegen nur wenige Daten über den aktuellen Ausbaustand von Telenotarzt(TNA)-Systemen im deutschen Rettungsdienst vor. In einer nationalen Befragung wurde der Sachstand zu Ausbau und Nutzung von TNA-Systemen erhoben.

Material und Methode
Durchführung einer Online-Befragung unter aktiv im deutschen Rettungsdienst tätigen Personen zum Vorhandensein eines TNA-Systems und dessen Ausgestaltung, zu Standardarbeitsanweisungen (SAA) für Rettungsfachpersonal in ausgewählten Einsatzszenarien sowie zu persönlichen Einschätzungen zum Themenkomplex TNA.

Ergebnisse
1023 Teilnehmer aus 77,1 % (n = 299) aller deutschen Rettungsdienstbereiche nahmen teil. 90,3 % (n = 270) der Bereiche hatten kein TNA-System, ein mindestens teilweiser Betrieb war in 9,3 % (n = 29) etabliert. Die Ausgestaltung ist heterogen, die SAA für Rettungsfachpersonal unterscheiden sich auch innerhalb einzelner Bundesländer und zwischen Bereichen mit und ohne TNA erheblich. Regionen mit TNA verfügen zu einem größeren Anteil über SAA und führen einzelne Maßnahmen häufiger durch. So ist eine intravenöse Analgesie durch den Rettungswagen (RTW) bei 0,8 % vs. 8,9 % (n = 1 vs. n = 76) der Teilnehmenden nicht vorgesehen, die Gabe von Acetylsalicylsäure bei akutem Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Hebung erfolgt in 3,1 % vs. 23,1 % (n = 4 vs. n = 198) nicht. Bei der persönlichen Einschätzung zum Thema TNA besteht ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Bereichen mit und ohne vorhandenes TNA-System.

Schlussfolgerungen
Im deutschen Rettungsdienst sind in weniger als einem Zehntel der Bereiche TNA-Systeme in Betrieb und die vorhandenen Systeme sind sehr heterogen gestaltet. Gleiches gilt für das Vorhandensein von Standardarbeitsanweisungen. Dies legt nahe, dass bei nationaler Betrachtung relevante Unterschiede in der notfallmedizinischen Versorgungsqualität der Bevölkerung bestehen.

Graphic abstract
The VAT in practice: equity, enforcement, and complexity
Authors: Mascagni Giulia , Dom Roel , Santoro Fabrizio , Mukama Denis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe value-added tax (VAT) is meant to be an efficient and self-enforcing tax on consumption. Yet, being a rather sophisticated tax, the VAT can also be complex and costly to administer. By examining the case of Rwanda, this paper assesses the extent to which the VAT’s potential materialises in the context of a lower-income countries. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative information from focus group discussions with the analysis of administrative and survey data, this paper makes two contributions. First, it documents reporting inconsistencies in VAT data, providing new evidence on how weak capacity prevents tax administrations in lower-income countries from reaping the full benefits of the VAT. Second, it shows that the VAT, as applied in practice, differs substantially from its theoretical functioning. This generates differences in tax burdens across firms, despite a proportional tax rate, with important distributional implications. We also document that the VAT chain often breaks down, with implications on the VAT’s efficiency.
Non-local Markovian Symmetric Forms on Infinite Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , Kagawa Toshinao , Kawasaki Shuji , Yahagi Yumi , Yoshida Minoru W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe general framework on the non-local Markovian symmetric forms on weighted lp$(p \in [1, \infty ])$
(
p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]
)
spaces constructed by Albeverio et al. (Commn. Math. Phys. 388, 659–706, 2021 Kagawa) by restricting the situation where p = 2, is applied to probability measure spaces describing the space cut-off P(ϕ)2 Euclidean quantum field, the 2-dimensional Euclidean quantum fields with exponential and trigonometric potentials, and the measure associated with the field describing a system of an infinite number of classical particles. For each measure space, the Markov process corresponding to the non-local type stochastic quantization is constructed.
Iron-modified biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse for adequate removal of aqueous imidacloprid: sorption mechanism study
Authors: Chen Yongliang , Hassan Masud , Nuruzzaman Md , Zhang Huiming , Naidu Ravi , Liu Yanju , Wang Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdsorption has been considered as a promising remediation technology to separate organic and inorganic agrochemicals from contaminated soil and water. Low-cost adsorbents, including waste derived materials, clay composites, biochar, and biochar modified materials, have attracted enormous attention for the removal of organic contaminants, including pesticides. In this study, iron-modified base-activated biochar (FeBBC) was prepared by pyrolysis (at 400 °C for 1 h) of iron-doped base (KOH) activated sugarcane bagasse for the removal of a widely used insecticide, namely imidacloprid (IMI) from water. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (FeBBC) was calculated as 10.33 (± 1.57) mg/g from Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorbents could remove up to ~ 92% of IMI from aqueous solution at 23.8 mg/L IMI. Experimental data fitted well with the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating physisorption, as well as chemosorption, contributed to the sorption process. Even at highly acidic/basic solution pH, the FeBBC could remove substantial amount of IMI demonstrating hydrophobic interaction and pore diffusion play vital role for removal of IMI. The slight improving of IMI sorption with increasing solution pH indicated the sorption was also facilitated through ionic interaction alongside physical sorption. However, physical sorption including hydrophobic interaction and pore-filling interaction plays a vital role in the sorption of IMI.
Experimental study of solar air heater performance with evacuated tubes connected in series and involving nano-copper oxide/paraffin wax as thermal storage enhancer
Authors: Elbrashy Amr , Aboutaleb Fawzy , El-Fakharany Magda , Essa Fadl Abdelmonem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe investment of solar energy in life applications has become mandatory to maintain a clean environment and reduce the use of fossil fuels. This work aimed to improve the performance of solar air heater (SAH) by using evacuated tube solar collectors ETSC integrated with nano-enhancer phase change material (NE-PCM). To achieve this purpose, a system consisting of 5 linked collecting panels was designed, fabricated, and experimentally investigated. Each panel included a glass-evacuated tube with two concentric aluminum pipes installed inside. NE-PCM was placed between the inlet and outlet air paths inside the evacuated tube to enhance the heat transfer rate. The performance was investigated with and without NE-PCM at five mass flow rates (0.006, 0.008, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 kg/s). Experimental results revealed that the highest temperature was 116, 108, 102, 95, and 93 °C, respectively, for the above mass flow rates without adding NE-PCM. The outlet temperature was decreased by 6–15 °C when using NE-PCM. The SAH efficiency was increased by 29.62% compared to the system without NE-PCM at 0.05 kg/s. The maximum thermal efficiency for the system with NE-PCM was 62.66% at 0.05 kg/s, and the pressure drop was 6.79 kPa under the same conditions. As well known, the hot air is used for a variety of purposes including space heating, food processing, drying of fruit, vegetables, dairy, and solar cooking.
Teacher judgements, student social background, and student progress in primary school: a cross-country perspective
Authors: Olczyk Melanie , Kwon Sarah Jiyoon , Lorenz Georg , Perinetti Casoni Valentina , Schneider Thorsten , Volodina Anna , Waldfogel Jane , Washbrook Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study takes a cross-country perspective to examine whether inaccurate teacher judgements of students’ math skills correlate with student social origin and whether such bias is associated with math achievement in primary school. We focus on England, Germany, and the US because these countries differ in the teachers’ growth mindsets, accountability, the use of standardised tests, and the extent of ability grouping. The data stem from three large-scale surveys, the Millennium Cohort Study for England, the National Educational Panel Study for Germany, and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 for the US. At the beginning of primary education, teacher judgements were not entirely consistent with student scores in standardised tests. In England and Germany, teachers underrated students with low-educated parents and overrated those with high-educated parents. In the US, no such differences were found. In all three countries, overrated (or underrated) students performed better (worse) later on. In England and, to a lesser extent, in Germany, we found evidence that biased teacher judgements contribute—over the course of primary school—to widening inequalities in value-added achievement by parental education. Such effects were negligible in the US. Our findings suggest that a cross-country perspective is essential to better understand contextual factors’ role in systematic bias in teacher judgements and its relevance for educational achievement. This study can be seen as a starting point for future research to investigate the mechanisms of such contextual effects more thoroughly.
Surgeon Engagement with Patient-Reported Measures in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Bariatric Practices
Authors: Budin Alyssa J. , Sumithran Priya , MacCormick Andrew D. , Caterson Ian , Brown Wendy A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-reported measures are an important emerging metric in outcome monitoring; however, they remain ill-defined and underutilized in bariatric clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patient-reported measures employed in bariatric practices across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, including barriers to their implementation and to what extent clinicians are receptive to their use.

Methods
An online survey was distributed to all bariatric surgeons actively contributing to the Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Bariatric Surgery Registry (n = 176). Participants reported their use of patient-reported measures and identified the most important and useful outcomes of patient-reported data for clinical practice.

Results
Responses from 64 participants reported on 120 public and private bariatric practices across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Most participants reported no collection of any patient-reported measure (39 of 64; 60.9%), citing insufficient staff time or resources as the primary barrier to the collection of both patient-reported experience measures (34 of 102 practices; 33.3%) and patient-reported outcome measures (30 of 84 practices; 35.7%). Participants indicated data collection by the Registry would be useful (47 of 57; 82.5%), highlighting the most valuable application to be a monitoring tool, facilitating increased understanding of patient health needs, increased reporting of symptoms, and enhanced patient-physician communication.

Conclusion
Despite the current lack of patient-reported measures, there is consensus that such data would be valuable in bariatric practices. Widespread collection of patient-reported measures by registries could improve the collective quality of the data, while avoiding implementation barriers faced by individual surgeons and hospitals.

Graphical abstract