bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Coronal Properties of Swift/BAT-selected Seyfert 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Kamraj Nikita , Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , García Javier A. , Baloković Mislav , Ricci Claudio , Koss Michael J. , Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Oh Kyuseok , Powell Meredith C. , Urry C. Megan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The corona is an integral component of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which produces the bulk of the X-ray emission above 1–2 keV. However, many of its physical properties and the mechanisms powering this emission remain a mystery. In particular, the temperature of the coronal plasma has been difficult to constrain for large samples of AGNs, as constraints require high-quality broadband X-ray spectral coverage extending above 10 keV in order to measure the high-energy cutoff, which provides constraints on the combination of coronal optical depth and temperature. We present constraints on the coronal temperature for a large sample of Seyfert 1 AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT survey using high-quality hard X-ray data from the NuSTAR observatory combined with simultaneous soft X-ray data from Swift/XRT or XMM-Newton. When applying a physically motivated, nonrelativistic disk-reflection model to the X-ray spectra, we find a mean coronal temperature kT

e
= 84 ± 9 keV. We find no significant correlation between the coronal cutoff energy and accretion parameters such as the Eddington ratio and black hole mass. We also do not find a statistically significant correlation between the X-ray photon index, Γ, and Eddington ratio. This calls into question the use of such relations to infer properties of supermassive black hole systems.
Messenger Monte Carlo MAPPINGS V (M3)—A Self-consistent, Three-dimensional Photoionization Code
Authors: Jin 金 Yifei 刈非 , Kewley Lisa J. , Sutherland Ralph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Messenger Interface Monte Carlo Mappings V (M3) is a photoionization code adopting the fully self-consistent Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) technique, which presents a major advance over previous photoionization models with simple geometries. M3 is designed for modeling nebulae in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. In this paper, we describe the MCRT technique and the microphysics implemented in M3, including photoionization, collisional ionization, free–free and free–bound recombination, and two-photon radiation. We put M3 through the Lexington/Meudon benchmarks to test the reliability of the new code. We apply M3 to three H ii region models with fiducial geometries, demonstrating that M3 is capable of dealing with nebulae with complex geometries. M3 is a promising tool for understanding emission-line behavior in the era of SDSS-V/LVM and James Webb Space Telescope, which will provide high-quality data of spatially resolved nearby H ii regions and highly turbulent local and high-redshift H ii regions.
Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected with New Horizons Observations
Authors: Lauer Tod R. , Postman Marc , Spencer John R. , Weaver Harold A. , Stern S. Alan , Gladstone G. Randall , Binzel Richard P. , Britt Daniel T. , Buie Marc W. , Buratti Bonnie J. , Cheng Andrew F. , Grundy W. M. , Horányi Mihaly , Kavelaars J. J. , Linscott Ivan R. , Lisse Carey M. , McKinnon William B. , McNutt Ralph L. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Núñez J. I. , Olkin Catherine B. , Parker Joel W. , Porter Simon B. , Reuter Dennis C. , Robbins Stuart J. , Schenk Paul M. , Showalter Mark R. , Singer Kelsi N. , Verbiscer Anne. J. , Young Leslie A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We used New Horizons LORRI images to measure the optical-band (0.4 ≲ λ ≲ 0.9μm) sky brightness within a high-galactic-latitude field selected to have reduced diffuse scattered light from the Milky Way galaxy (DGL), as inferred from the IRIS all-sky 100 μm map. We also selected the field to significantly reduce the scattered light from bright stars (SSL) outside the LORRI field. Suppression of DGL and SSL reduced the large uncertainties in the background flux levels present in our earlier New Horizons cosmic optical background (COB) results. The raw total sky level, measured when New Horizons was 51.3 au from the Sun, is 24.22 ± 0.80 nW m−2 sr−1. Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total required subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection limit within the field, and the hydrogen plus ionized-helium two-photon continua. This yielded a highly significant detection of the COB at 16.37 ± 1.47 nW m−2 sr−1 at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 μm. This result is in strong tension with the hypothesis that the COB only comprises the integrated light of external galaxies (IGL) presently known from deep HST counts. Subtraction of the estimated IGL flux from the total COB level leaves a flux component of unknown origin at 8.06 ± 1.92 nW m−2 sr−1. Its amplitude is equal to the IGL.
$ C^1 $-VEM for some variants of the Cahn-Hilliard equation: A numerical exploration
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Scacchi Simone , Vacca Giuseppe , Verani Marco 
Published: March 2022

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We consider the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ C^1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-Virtual Element Method (VEM) for the conforming numerical approximation of some variants of the Cahn-Hilliard equation on polygonal meshes. In particular, we focus on the discretization of the advective Cahn-Hilliard problem and the Cahn-Hilliard inpainting problem. We present the numerical approximation and several numerical results to assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology.</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'> </p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>Correction: Bari is added after the zip code 70125 in third author’s address. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>
Vision et philosophia dans le Timée de Platon
Authors: Renaut Olivier 
Published: March 2022

La description de la vision intervient dans le Timée en 45b-47b, suivant une double perspective caractéristique de ce dialogue : le physicien Timée donne d’une part une explication mécanique de la vue qui met en jeu deux flux lumineux, celui de l’œil et du corps se trouvant dans le champ de la vision, et d’autre part une explication fonctionnaliste ou téléologique faisant de la vision la source des sciences de l’astronomie, des mathématiques, et même de la philosophie. Dans ce passage du Timée, la vision est une puissance qui nous informe sur la façon dont une affection, produisant une sensation, pourrait donner lieu à une connaissance. Cet article envisage d’abord les principales articulations du passage 45b-47b du Timée, avant d’examiner les enjeux d’interprétations concurrentes sur le rôle de la vision dans la constitution de la pensée dans ce passage précis : il maintient que, dans le cadre d’un dualisme constitutif entre sensible et intelligible, qui implique un saut épistémologique, la vision est un instrument servant de médiation vers l’intelligible.
L’acte de voir dans la « pensée aveugle » leibnizienne
Authors: Schwartz Claire 
Published: March 2022

Leibniz emploie dans divers textes l’adjectif aveugle pour caractériser une forme de pensée ou de connaissance. Il est parfois associé à l’adjectif symbolique : le célèbre texte de 1684, « Meditationes de cognitione, veritate et ideis », introduit ainsi la cogitatio caeca vel symbolica comme un des types de connaissance dont le texte entreprend d’établir méthodiquement la classification. C’est généralement la nature symbolique de cette connaissance qui a retenu l’attention et a été perçue comme un élément déterminant de compréhension de la théorie leibnizienne de la connaissance reposant sur la médiation de signes soumis à des règles de composition. À l’arrière-plan se dessinent alors les divers projets leibniziens de caractéristique universelle. C’est dans ce cadre que l’on analyse dès lors la distinction leibnizienne opérée entre la connaissance aveugle ou symbolique, intrinsèquement médiate, et la connaissance intuitive, relevant d’une forme de vision immédiate de ses objets. Mais comment interpréter exactement le rapport à l’acte de vision ? N’est-il pas encore requis dans la conception leibnizienne de la connaissance par signes ? Autrement dit, cette dernière peut-elle se déployer sans l’acte effectif de voir ? Si tel est le cas, il semble qu’il faille réinterroger sa nature « aveugle », ce qui peut nous éclairer sur les conditions véritables de son effectuation, et, ipso facto, sur certaines propriétés cognitives attribuées à la vue.
L’expérience visuelle est-elle une relation ou une représentation ? Le relationnisme et l’intentionnalisme à l’épreuve des sciences cognitives
Authors: Dokic Jérôme 
Published: March 2022

La conception naïve de l’expérience visuelle dépeint celle-ci comme une relation directe, primitive, entre le sujet voyant et l’objet vu. Elle repose sur une opposition entre la relation visuelle et la représentation mentale de l’objet vu dans l’imagination visuelle ou la vision des images. Le but de cet article est de suggérer que l’opposition naïve entre relation et représentation présente un intérêt philosophique et scientifique parfois sous-estimé. Deux théories philosophiques de la perception sont présentées : le relationnisme reprend l’esprit de la conception naïve en analysant l’expérience visuelle comme une relation non représentationnelle à l’objet vu, alors que l’intentionnalisme rejette la conception naïve comme inadéquate et considère que l’expérience visuelle est représentationnelle de part en part. Après avoir introduit une notion générale de « représentation » acceptable par les deux parties, nous examinons un ensemble de travaux issus des sciences cognitives et susceptibles d’arbitrer le débat entre relationnisme et intentionnalisme. La thèse principale défendue est que le relationnisme est compatible avec les données scientifiques à notre disposition sur les processus cognitifs liés à la vision. Le relationnisme présente également un avantage philosophique puisqu’il permet de comprendre comment les représentations mentales, y compris visuelles, peuvent être fondées sur un rapport cognitif plus direct, c’est-à-dire intrinsèquement relationnel, au monde visible.
Les machines y voient-elles quelque chose ?
Authors: Bonnay Denis 
Published: March 2022

La vision par ordinateur est un des domaines de l’intelligence artificielle qui connaît les succès les plus fulgurants. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les machines n’ont cessé de progresser dans leur capacité à extraire des informations à partir d’images et à identifier des objets. Mais faut-il en conclure que ces machines sont littéralement des machines voyantes, ou ne s’agit-il que d’une façon imagée de décrire des capacités de détection ? Le présent article se propose de fournir les bases d’une réponse raisonnée à cette question. Nous examinons successivement trois types de conditions d’attribution de la vision, et soutenons que le critère fonctionnaliste, en termes de représentations internes de stimuli visuels exploitables à diverses fins, doit être préféré aux critères behavioriste ou phénoménologique. Ce critère fonctionnaliste est ensuite appliqué à une des technologies les plus utilisées dans le domaine de la vision par ordinateur, celle des réseaux de neurones et plus particulièrement des réseaux convolutifs. Nous soutenons alors que de tels réseaux sont bien capables de voir, précisément dans la mesure où ils sont entraînés pour produire des représentations à partir de données visuelles. Ces représentations ont des traits spécifiques associés à un entraînement réussi : elles sont hiérarchiques, versatiles et robustes. De telles propriétés ont un intérêt théorique au-delà de leur domaine d’origine : nous suggérons pour finir qu’elles pourraient être utilisées pour spécifier la nature de la fonction de représentation et résoudre certains des problèmes classiques auxquels font face les théories téléosémantiques de la représentation comme celle de Dretske.
Adam et Ève faisaient-ils l’amour au paradis ? Notule sur Les aveux de la chair de Michel Foucault
Authors: Cseke Ákos 
Published: March 2022

Dans la dernière partie des Aveux de la chair, Michel Foucault offre une analyse minutieuse de la théorie de la libido en tant que « stigmate de l’involontaire dans l’acte sexuel d’après la faute » selon saint Augustin ; le thème est intimement lié à l’exégèse patristique et augustinienne du livre de la Genèse 1:28 (« Croissez et multipliez »), plus spécialement à la question de l’existence possible des rapports sexuels au paradis. Le présent article se propose d’étudier à la fois les textes concernés de saint Augustin, l’analyse qu’en offre Foucault et les interprétations philosophiques et théologiques ultérieures de la pensée de l’évêque d’Hippone et du philosophe français. Augustin (et Foucault lecteur de saint Augustin) a-t-il déclaré que nos aïeux faisaient l’amour au paradis ? La théologie augustinienne du mariage et de la sexualité est-elle, comme le dit le dernier Foucault, le fondement de « la morale de l’Occident chrétien » ? Au demeurant, peut-on parler de la théologie augustinienne ou encore du christianisme comme « fondement », tout en respectant la méthode « généalogique », telle que Foucault l’a développée ?
A retrospective descriptive study on usage of Aerovac- an aerosol evacuating chamber for aerosol generating medical and surgical procedures
Authors: Domingoarachi D. , Dhanapala B. A. N. , Wijesurendra W. A. B. U. , Rupasinghe R. T. , Udayani L. A. D. , Thelikorala S. , Rathnayake S. S. , Undugodage U. C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Many respiratory borne infections are transmitted to health care workers during aerosol generating procedures. A safe mechanism to conduct such procedures is important.
Objective: To design a safe aerosol evacuation chamber to perform multiple aerosol generating procedures and to assess the practical use of it.
Methodology: We designed an aerosol evacuation chamber with an exhaust mechanism, a novel cost-effective multi-purpose chamber, which can be used to perform a number of aerosol generating procedures of the airways, upper gastrointestinal tract and the head and neck region, without exposing health care staff to aerosols. Exhaust from the chamber is filtered by a HEPA filter and is treated with UVG irradiation to destroy microorganisms prior to the release of air into the environment. Records of various ENT procedures performed using the Aerovac chamber was over a period of one year were retrospectively evaluated.
Results: Total of 498 procedures had been carried out. Nasal endoscopy had been the most frequently carried out procedure. Most procedures were done under local anesthesia. There were no adverse events to patients or to health care workers reported.
Conclusion: Aerovac chamber can be used to safely conduct multiple aerosol generating procedures.
Relevance of Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA Expression of Tumour Necrosis Factor- Alpha (TNF α), Interleukin 17A (IL 17A) and Interleukin 6 (IL 6) in Indian Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Shah Saiqa R. , Shaikh Sadiya B. , Bhandary Yashodhar P. , Yassir Shaheena , Shenoy Manjunath M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Psoriasis, a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder, has systemic manifestations as well as an ample negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. An abnormal proliferation of keratinocyte and dermal infiltration by immune cells is a characteristic feature. It involves components of both innate and adaptive immunity, and the interaction of T cells with macrophages. Keratinocytes and dendritic cells are mediated by the secreted cytokines. This study was taken up to look into changes at the molecular level that occur during the expression of three cytokines namely tumour necrosis factor–alpha (TNFα), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Indian patients with psoriasis.

Methods:
A case-control study was conducted with samples from 15 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Clinical parameters were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for peripheral blood messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of TNFα, IL-17A and IL-6 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:
The mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-17A and IL-6 in psoriasis patients were increased as compared to that in normal subjects.

Conclusions:
The elevated levels of Interleukins indicates a systemic inflammatory process that is akin to the cutaneous inflammation. This study indicates that the targeted therapies against these cytokines are likely to be beneficial in Indian psoriasis patients.
Nailfold Capillaroscopic Changes as a Marker of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Rudra Olympia , Baisya Subhasmita , Mallick Subhadeep , Chatterjee Gobinda 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder causing microvascular abnormality leading to Raynaud's phenomenon, skin tightening, and nailfold capillary changes. The patient may have systemic involvement, among them interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension are mainly associated with disease-related mortality.

Aims:
To find out an association between nailfold capillaroscopic changes with ILD severity.

Materials and Methods:
An institution based cross-sectional study was performed among the patients of SSc above 18 years. Detailed history was taken. Clinical examinations, nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) with a dermatoscope and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of thorax were done. Data were analyzed in MedCalc statistical software version 20.

Results:
Out of total 43 patients, 74.4% (n = 32) were female. Mean age was 35.05 ± 7.24 years and mean duration 4.28 ± 2.81 years. Diffuse SSc was found in 88.37% (n = 38). On NFC, early, active, and late patterns were found in 30.2% (n = 13), 25.6% (n = 11), and 44.2% (n = 19) cases, respectively. On HRCT, early, active, and late ILD were present in 18.6% (n = 8), 37.2% (n = 16), and 30.2% (n = 13) cases, respectively. ILD changes were absent in 14% (n = 6) though NFC changes were present in them. Respiratory symptoms were absent in 20.93% (n = 9) patients though all had features of early NFC and among them 9.3% (n = 4) showed early ILD changes on HRCT. Significant associations were found between NFC changes and ILD severity (P = 0.0003), NFC changes and respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001) and between ILD changes and respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:
NFC, an inexpensive procedure, can be performed in all patients of SSc to detect development of early ILD even before appearance of respiratory symptoms to prevent further progression.
The Prevalence of Cholelithiasis and Variations in Gallbladder Volume among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Seen in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Care Institution
Authors: Ighodaro Osaigbovo Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder characterized by multiple-organ involvement including the gallbladder. Subjects with SCD are prone to developing pigment gallstones due to chronic red blood cell hemolysis, increased bilirubin levels, cholecystitis, and biliary sludge. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, readily available, and permits a fast evaluation of the gallbladder. It is useful in establishing the various patterns of gallbladder disease and volume abnormalities.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to sonographically evaluate cholelithiasis and gallbladder volume in patients with SCD and correlate the findings with age and gender. A comparison of the above parameters in sickle cell patients was also made with apparently healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study of 150 patients with SCD and an equal number of apparently healthy control subjects in Benin City. Each subject was sonographically evaluated for possible gallbladder stones and its volume using a 3–5 MHz curvilinear array transducer with a SonoaceX4 ultrasound machine (Medison, Seoul, South Korea).

Result:
The prevalence of cholelithiasis among subjects with SCD in this study was 10%. Patients with SCD had a significantly higher mean gallbladder volume (34.50 ± 20.43 cm3) compared with apparently healthy control subjects (20.39 ± 10.71 cm3; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cholelithiasis in SCD was shown to increase with age. There was a positive linear correlation between the incidence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder volume with age of the patient.
Etiology of Symptomatic Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Anyimba Solomon K. , Nnabugwu Ikenna I. , Onuh Augustine C. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The causes of upper urinary tract (UUT) obstruction vary from one geographical location to another, and across gender and age. Similarly, the site of obstruction along the ureter varies with the nature of the obstructing lesion. Data in this regard from southeast Nigeria are deficient.

Objective:
To determine the causes of symptomatic UUT obstruction in southeast Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The medical records of individuals with confirmed UUT obstruction presenting from January 2011 to November 2017 were reviewed for information on the cause and location of obstruction. In addition, the pattern of the obstructions caused by UUT stones was compared across the gender and age of individuals. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS® version 21.

Results:
The medical reports of 267 individuals are included for analysis. Overall, urinary stone is the most prevalent cause of UUT obstruction, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.25. From 50 years of age onward, obstructing UUT stones are commoner in females (χ2 = 5.03; P = 0.03). In addition, obstructing UUT stones are more common on the right (55.1%) and in the upper ureter (48.9%) in univariate analyses. Congenital pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is observed to be the most prevalent congenital cause of UUT obstruction. Uterine fibroids in females and advanced prostate cancer in males are also notable causes of ureteric obstruction.

Conclusion:
Beyond urinary stone and congenitally defective PUJ, uterine fibroids and prostate cancer are other notable causes of ureteric obstruction in southeast Nigeria.
Eye Health Status of Government Employed Drivers in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Asimadu Ifeoma Nwabuogo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Driving requires good vision for safe and effective execution. Eye examination is required before issuance of drivers’ license, but seldom conducted.

Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the visual status of drivers in the Enugu state government house and to determine the adequacy of their vision for the job.

Materials and Methods:
Case files of drivers working in the government house that came for eye check in May 2015, at Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Teaching hospital were retrieved. Sociodemographic data, relevant history, and clinical ophthalmic findings were reviewed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done using the Epi-info (version 7.2.4.0). A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Fifty drivers’ case files were selected, of which 47 (94%) had complete information and 3 (6%) case files were grossly inadequate and were thus discarded. All were men aged 27–59 years. The mean age was 49.787 ± 7.3 years. Three (6%) underwent a visual test before obtaining their first drivers’ license. None had a comprehensive eye examination at employment. Eye tests are not regularly conducted. Forty-one (87.23%) had mild, 4 (8.51%) moderate, and 2 (4.26%) had severe visual impairment. Refractive errors accounted for 76.60% of ocular morbidities. Thirty-five (81.40%) of the 43 (91.49%) drivers who were above 40 years had presbyopia. Four (8.51%) were below 40 years, and only one was presbyopic (odds ratio [OR] 11.333; 95%; confidence interval [CI] 1.049–122.393; P = 0.0459). Glaucoma accounted for 10.64%. Esterman’s efficiency score showed 91.49% with scores of 96–100.

Conclusion:
Uncorrected refractive errors were quite common among the drivers. Periodic eye tests should be performed on drivers. This should be enforced to ensure safer road travel.