bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on supervised machine learning for accident risk analysis: Challenges in Malaysia
Authors: Choo Boon Chong , Abdul Razak Musab , Dayang Radiah Awang Biak , Mohd Tohir Mohd Zahirasri , Syafiie S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe new Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) trend is driven by the concept of automation and artificial intelligence (AI). However, Malaysia is slightly behind Singapore in terms of adopting AI innovation among ASEAN countries. This paper aims to conduct a literature review of machine learning to overcome subjectivity and bias in risk ranking decision‐making. An introduction to machine learning concerning accident risk analysis is presented, and the challenges of its application in Malaysia are discussed. Existing machine learning features were evaluated to identify the feasible application in industrial accident analysis and ensure safety decision‐making consistency. This review observed how the IR 4.0 approaches were used in the risk analysis, especially on supervised machine learning. This study also highlights the finding from the previous works on challenges in utilizing supervised machine learning, which is the need to have publicly accessible large database from industries and agencies such as the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia for the development of algorithms, which can potentially improve accident risk analysis and safety, especially for Malaysian industries.
Are gold, USD, and Bitcoin hedge or safe haven against stock? The implication for risk management
Authors: Sharma Udayan , Karmakar Madhusudan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether gold, USD, and Bitcoin are hedge and safe haven assets against stock and if they are useful in diversifying downside risk for international stock markets. We propose a combined GO‐GARCH‐EVT‐copula approach to examine the hedge and safe haven properties of gold, USD, and Bitcoin. We then examine the attractiveness of these assets in reducing stock portfolio risk by using downside risk measures estimated by the proposed approach and other competing models. We also evaluate the relative performance of the proposed model in reducing downside risk with the competing models. The findings of the study indicate that the USD is the most valuable hedge and safe haven asset closely followed by gold, while Bitcoin is the least valuable. It is also observed that the proposed combined approach performs best in reducing the portfolio downside risk. The findings of this study are of significance for portfolio managers and individual investors who wish to protect the portfolio value during market turmoil.
Gypsum and cereal rye cover crops affect soil chemistry: Trace metals and plant nutrients
Authors: Gonzalez Javier M. , Dick Warren A. , Islam Rafiq , Watts Dexter B. , R. Fausey Norman , C. Flanagan Dennis , VanToai Tara T. , Batte Marvin T. , C. Reeder Randall , Kost David , Shedekar Vinayak S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWorldwide food security is a pressing concern as population increases. Thus, there is a need to increase food production on existing farmland while improving soil health and water quality. We report the effect of two conservation practices, flue‐gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (hereafter “gypsum”) soil amendment and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, on soil chemistry. Emphasis was placed on extractability of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and plant nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, and S). Research was conducted under no‐till management for 5 yr at four sites. Treatments consisted of annual gypsum soil surface application (0, 1.1, and 2.2 Mg ha–1), with and without cover crops, and two crop rotations [corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and continuous soybean]. Soils collected at 0‐to‐15‐ and 15‐to‐30‐cm depths from each treatment at the end of the 5‐yr study were microwave‐digested with 3:1 HNO3/HCl and analyzed for trace metals and nutrients. Gypsum chemical analysis indicated it did not provide trace metals that impair soil/water quality. However, it did provide Ca, S, and other nutrients supporting plant growth. Furthermore, gypsum and cereal rye winter cover crop, relative to the control and under the conditions of this study, did not increase extractability of most trace metals from soils. The cover crop, relative to the control, also significantly decreased P extractability, suggesting cereal rye immobilizes P, potentially decreasing off‐site transport to water bodies. Under the conditions of this study, gypsum and winter cover cereal rye did not increase extractable trace metals.
Nanophotonics Enable Targeted Photothermal Silencing of Nociceptor Neurons
Authors: Roversi Katiane , Tabatabaei Maryam , Desjardins‐Lecavalier Nicolas , Balood Mohammad , Crosson Theo , Costantino Santiago , Griffith May , Talbot Sebastien , Boutopoulos Christos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe sensory nervous and immune systems work in concert to preserve homeostasis. While this endogenous interplay protects from danger, it may drive chronic pathologies. Currently, genetic engineering of neurons remains the primary approach to interfere selectively with this potentially deleterious interplay. However, such manipulations are not feasible in a clinical setting. Here, this work reports a nanotechnology‐enabled concept to silence subsets of unmodified nociceptor neurons that exploits their ability to respond to heat via the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. This strategy uses laser stimulation of antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles to heat‐activate TRPV1, turning this channel into a cell‐specific drug‐entry port. This delivery method allows transport of a charged cationic derivative of an N‐type calcium channel blocker (CNCB‐2) into targeted sensory fibers. CNCB‐2 delivery blocks neuronal calcium currents and neuropeptides release, resulting in targeted silencing of nociceptors. Finally, this work demonstrates the ability of the approach to probe neuro‐immune crosstalk by targeting cytokine‐responsive nociceptors and by successfully preventing nociceptor‐induced CD8+ T‐cells polarization. Overall, this work constitutes the first demonstration of targeted silencing of nociceptor neuron subsets without requiring genetic modification, establishing a strategy for interfering with deleterious neuro‐immune interplays.
Steifenlose Krafteinleitungen bei Biegeträgern – Interaktion mit Querkraft und Biegemoment sowie Implementierung im neuen Eurocode
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kettler Markus , Zauchner Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSteifenlose Krafteinleitungen bei Biegeträgern sind häufig gewünschte Konstruktionsdetails im Hochbau, die aktuell im Eurocode nicht direkt angesprochen sind. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wird ein an der TU Graz entwickeltes vereinfachtes Ingenieurmodell hinsichtlich der Eignung bei gleichzeitig hoher Querkraft‐ und Biegemomentenbeanspruchung überprüft. Dieses Interaktionstragverhalten (Fz & Vz & My) wird anhand numerischer Studien eingehend dargestellt, mit und ohne Beulgefährdung im Trägersteg. Abschließend wird erläutert, in welcher Form das Ingenieurmodell in den zukünftigen neuen Eurocode prEN 1993‐1‐1 einfließen wird und wie eine deutlich umfassendere Lösung in zukünftigen nationalen Anwendungsdokumenten aussehen könnte.
Randomized trial of cognitive training and brain stimulation in non‐demented older adults
Authors: Antonenko Daria , Thams Friederike , Grittner Ulrike , Uhrich Jessica , Glöckner Franka , Li Shu‐Chen , Flöel Agnes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionGiven rapid global population aging, developing interventions against age‐associated cognitive decline is an important medical and societal goal. We evaluated a cognitive training protocol combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on trained and non‐trained functions in non‐demented older adults.MethodsFifty‐six older adults (65–80 years) were randomly assigned to one of two interventional groups, using age and baseline performance as strata. Both groups performed a nine‐session cognitive training over 3 weeks with either concurrent anodal tDCS (atDCS, 1 mA, 20 minutes) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (target intervention) or sham stimulation (control intervention). Primary outcome was performance on the trained letter updating task immediately after training. Secondary outcomes included performance on other executive and memory (near and far transfer) tasks. All tasks were administered at baseline, post‐intervention, and at 1‐ and 7‐month follow‐up assessments. Prespecified analyses to investigate treatment effects were conducted using mixed‐model analyses.ResultsNo between‐group differences emerged in the trained letter updating and Markov decision‐making tasks at post‐intervention and at follow‐up timepoints. Secondary analyses revealed group differences in one near‐transfer task: Superior n‐back task performance was observed in the tDCS group at post‐intervention and at follow‐up. No such effects were observed for the other transfer tasks. Improvements in working memory were associated with individually induced electric field strengths.DiscussionCognitive training with atDCS did not lead to superior improvement in trained task performance compared to cognitive training with sham stimulation. Thus, our results do not support the immediate benefit of tDCS‐assisted multi‐session cognitive training on the trained function. As the intervention enhanced performance in a near‐transfer working memory task, we provide exploratory evidence for effects on non‐trained working memory functions in non‐demented older adults that persist over a period of 1 month.
A phase 1b/2a multicenter study of the safety and preliminary pharmacodynamic effects of selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonist HTL0018318 in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nathan Pradeep J. , Millais S. Babli , Godwood Alex , Dewit Odile , Cross David M. , Liptrot Janet , Ruparelia Bharat , Jones Stephen Paul , Bakker Geor , Maruff Paul T. , Light Gregory A. , Brown Alastair J.H. , Weir Malcolm Peter , Congreve Miles , Tasker Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the safety and pharmacodynamic effects of selective muscarinic M1 receptor orthosteric agonist HTL0018318 in 60 patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) on background donepezil 10 mg/day.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 4‐week safety study of HTL0018318 with up‐titration and maintenance phases, observing exploratory effects on electrophysiological biomarkers and cognition.ResultsTreatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild and less frequently reported during maintenance versus titration. Headache was most commonly reported (7–21%); 0 to 13% reported cholinergic TEAEs (abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea) and two patients discontinued due to TEAEs. At 1 to 2 hours post‐dose, HTL0018318‐related mean maximum elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 5 to 10 mmHg above placebo were observed during up‐titration but not maintenance. Postive effects of HTL0018318 were found on specific attention and memory endpoints.DiscussionHTL0018318 was well tolerated in mild‐to‐moderate AD patients and showed positive effects on attention and episodic memory on top of therapeutic doses of donepezil.
Cardiovascular autonomic nervous system responses and orthostatic intolerance in astronauts and their relevance in daily medicine
Authors: Jordan Jens , Limper Ulrich , Tank Jens 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The harsh environmental conditions during space travel, particularly weightlessness, impose a major burden on the human body including the cardiovascular system. Given its importance in adjusting the cardiovascular system to environmental challenges, the autonomic nervous system has been in the focus of scientists and clinicians involved in human space flight. This review provides an overview on human autonomic research under real and simulated space conditions with a focus on orthostatic intolerance.

Methods
The authors conducted a targeted literature search using Pubmed.

Results
Overall, 120 articles were identified and included in the review.

Conclusions
Postflight orthostatic intolerance is commonly observed in astronauts and could pose major risks when landing on another celestial body. The phenomenon likely results from changes in volume status and adaptation of the autonomic nervous system to weightlessness. Over the years, various non-pharmacological and pharmacological countermeasures have been investigated. In addition to enabling safe human space flight, this research may have implications for patients with disorders affecting cardiovascular autonomic control on Earth.
Citizen science reveals current distribution, predicted habitat suitability and resource requirements of the introduced African Carder Bee Pseudoanthidium (Immanthidium) repetitum in Australia
Authors: Dart Keeley , Latty Tanya , Greenville Aaron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe introduction of non-native bee species is a major driver of ecosystem change resulting in the spread of non-native weeds, alterations to plant-pollinator interactions and competition with native species for food and nesting resources. Our lack of ecological information for many non-native organisms hinders our ability to understand the impacts of species introductions. This is often compounded by the Wallacean Shortfall—a lack of adequate knowledge of a species’ distribution in geographic space. In Australia, the African carder bee (Pseudoanthidium (Immanthidium) repetitum) was first observed in 2000 and has since become one of the most common bees in some regions. Despite its rapid population increase and range expansion, little is known about the ecology or distribution of P. repetitum. In this study, we determine the flower preferences, current distribution and predicted areas at risk of future invasion of P. repetitum using opportunistic data collected from citizen science websites, social media and museum records. We found that the current distribution of P. repetitum in Australia encompasses approximately 332,000 km2 concentrated along the eastern coast. We found considerable suitable habitat outside the current distribution including biodiversity hotspots and world heritage listed natural areas. Pseudoanthidium repetitum foraged on a wide range of plants from many families and can thus be classified as a generalist forager (polylectic). Our results suggest that P. repetitum is well suited for continued expansion in coastal Australia. Our results demonstrate the effective application of opportunistic data in overcoming knowledge gaps in species ecology and modelling of introduced species distribution.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders in a German Kidney Transplant Population: Results of a KTx360°-Substudy
Authors: Birkefeld Katrin , Bauer-Hohmann Maximilian , Klewitz Felix , Kyaw Tha Tun Eva-Marie , Tegtbur Uwe , Pape Lars , Schiffer Lena , Schiffer Mario , de Zwaan Martina , Nöhre Mariel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) an increased rate of affective and anxiety disorders has been observed. Repeatedly, a relationship between mental health issues and increased morbidity and mortality in KTx recipients has been reported. However, information on the prevalence of mental disorders in KTx patients is scarce. As part of the structured multimodal follow-up program (KTx360°), mental disorders were examined in 726 patients after KTx through structured diagnostic interviews using the Mini-DIPS Open Access. Overall, 27.5% had a current and 49.2% a lifetime mental disorder. Only 14.5% with a current mental disorder reported to be in treatment. Affected patients were younger, more often female, reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression and less perceived social support. While comparable to the rate in general population samples, the prevalence of mental disorders should attract attention. The low treatment rate requires an improved identification of afflicted patients and provision of specialist treatment.ISRCTN registry, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN29416382, date of registry: 03.05.2017.
Hand hygiene with hand sanitizer versus handwashing: what are the planetary health consequences?
Authors: Duane Brett , Pilling Jessica , Saget Sophie , Ashley Paul , Pinhas Allan R. , Lyne Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the transmission of pathogens, and COVID-19, WHO and NHS England recommend hand washing (HW) and/or the use of hand sanitizer (HS). The planetary health consequences of these different methods of hand hygiene have not been quantified. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the environmental impact of the UK population practising increased levels of hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic for 1 year. Washing hands with soap and water was compared to using hand sanitizer (both ethanol and isopropanol based sanitizers were studied). The isopropanol-based HS had the lowest environmental impact in 14 out of the 16 impact categories used in this study. For climate change, hand hygiene using isopropanol HS produced the equivalent of 1060 million kg CO2, compared to 1460 million for ethanol HS, 2300 million for bar soap HW, and 4240 million for liquid soap HW. For both the ethanol and isopropanol HS, the active ingredient was the greatest overall contributing factor to the environmental impact (83.24% and 68.68% respectively). For HW with liquid soap and bar soap, there were additional contributing factors other than the soap itself: for example tap water use (28.12% and 48.68% respectively) and the laundering of a hand towel to dry the hands (10.17% and 17.92% respectively). All forms of hand hygiene have an environmental cost, and this needs to be weighed up against the health benefits of preventing disease transmission. When comparing hand sanitizers to handwashing with soap and water, this study found that using isopropanol based hand sanitizer is better for planetary health. However, no method of hand hygiene was ideal; isopropanol had a greater fossil fuel resource use than ethanol based hand sanitizer. More research is needed to find hand hygiene sources which do not diminish planetary health, and environmental impact is a consideration for public health campaigns around hand hygiene.
Gebären will gelernt sein! – Bildungsangebote zur Geburt zwischen emanzipatorischer Befähigung und neoliberaler Indienstnahme
Authors: Rose Lotte 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungEin Kind auf die Welt zu bringen, bedeutet heute, diese Aufgabe als Projekt des „unternehmerischen Selbst“ zum eigenen Vorteil und Vorteil des Kindes selbstverantwortlich und erfolgreich zu managen. Erwartet wird nicht nur, gut informiert zu sein zu den Abläufen, Risiken und Interventionen bei der Geburt, sondern auch, eigene Wunschvorstellungen zur Geburt zu entwickeln, die eigene Gesundheit zu sichern, geburtsoptimierende Körpertechniken zu beherrschen und auf dem „Markt“ der Geburtshilfe die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Qualifikationsansprüche ist es für Schwangere und ihre Partner zum Standard geworden, Geburtsvorbereitungskurse zu besuchen. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert zunächst die Entwicklung der Geburt hin zu einer Bildungsaufgabe, um anschließend empirisch der Frage nachzugehen, was bei dieser Bildung genau passiert. Anhand ethnografischen Beobachtungsmaterials aus Bildungsangeboten „rund um die Geburt“ wird nachgezeichnet, wie werdende Eltern von institutionellen Akteur_innen für die Geburt vorbereitet und qualifiziert werden, welche sozialen Anrufungen sie erleben, was öffentlich gemacht wird und was auch nicht. Nachgezeichnet wird schließlich auch, welche Geschlechterordnung der Geburt kreiert wird, indem der Vater in spezifischer und von der Mutter unterschiedener Weise als Bildungsobjekt adressiert wird. Abschließend werden die Befunde theoretisch vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Neoliberalisierungen theoretisch reflektiert.
Assessing mineral supply concentration from different perspectives through a case study of zinc
Authors: Thomas Christine L. , Nassar Nedal T. , DeYoung John H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreasing demand for nonfuel mineral commodities has increased concerns regarding the reliability of their supplies. “Criticality” assessments over the past decade have attempted to capture this concern through a set of indicators, the most common of which quantifies the risk associated with market concentration by applying the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) to the world production of a given commodity by country in a given year. Although this approach is useful, it inherently assumes that all of world production is available to the market and is thus potentially at risk. In this analysis, the HHI, as well as HHI weighted by country governance, is calculated for mined and refined zinc via the standard approach of including all world production data and comparing that to the HHI when using the best estimate of what is available to the world market. The results indicate that although the HHI of both mined and refined zinc world production has increased markedly over the past decade, the HHI for what is available to the market for mined and refined zinc has remained relatively constant and low, which is indicative of minimal supply risk. This is mainly owing to the fact that a large and increasing share of the world’s mined and refined zinc production comes from China, but that production supplies domestic consumption as well as small amounts of exports. As a result, the zinc materials that are available to the world market are produced by a relatively large and diverse set of countries. Although these analyses are specific to zinc, they are likely to be comparable for other commodities of which the largest producers are also the largest consumers and highlight the importance of examining different perspectives in criticality assessments.
Screening for primary aldosteronism is underutilised in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chauhan Karanjeet , Schachna Eitan , Libianto Renata , Ryan Jessica , Hutton Holly , Fuller Peter J. , Wilson Scott , Kerr Peter G. , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common and potentially curable endocrine cause of secondary hypertension, and carries a worse prognosis than essential hypertension. Despite the high prevalence of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the screening rates for primary aldosteronism in CKD are unknown.

Methods
In this study, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1627 adults who presented to the nephrology clinics of 2 tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, between 2014 and 2019. In addition to assessing the pattern of screening, we also evaluated patient-specific factors associated with the decision to test for primary aldosteronism. Patients were excluded from the final analysis if they did not have CKD, had an organ transplant, had end stage renal failure, or had insufficient data or follow-up.

Results
Of the 600 patients included in the analysis, 234 (39%) had an indication for screening for primary aldosteronism based on recommendations made by the Endocrine Society. However, only 33 (14%) were tested. They were younger, had a higher mean systolic blood pressure, better renal function, and lower mean serum potassium than those who were indicated but not screened. Of the 33 screened patients, an elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio was noted in 8 patients and a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was made in 4 patients.

Conclusions
The screening rate for primary aldosteronism is low in a CKD population, especially in patients who are older, have a lower eGFR and normal serum potassium. The consequences of undiagnosed primary aldosteronism in this select population may be substantial due to the cardiovascular and renal sequelae associated with untreated disease.

Graphical abstract