bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of infiltration modelling to temporal resolution of rainfall data
Authors: Fachi Suelen M. , Gubiani Paulo I. , de Jong van Lier Quirijn , Mulazzani Rodrigo P. , Reinert Dalvan J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sensitivity of infiltration predictions by Hydrus‐1D and Green‐Ampt models to rainfall discretisation was investigated by assessing the accuracy of infiltration predictions with rainfall rate profiles at step sizes D between 2 and 1440 min. Five peak rainfall profiles and one sine‐wave rainfall profile, all with a cumulative rainfall amount of 28.8 cm and a duration of 24 h were used. Discrete rainfall profiles were generated based on the peak rainfall profiles for several step sizes. The rainfall profiles were evaluated in a sandy loam with a high saturated hydraulic conductivity and a silt loam with a low saturated hydraulic conductivity for two initial pressure heads. For both models, insensitivity was found below a critical step size Dcrit, whereas high sensitivity was observed above it, Dcrit depending on soil hydraulic conductivity and rainfall peak intensity, regardless of initial pressure head. In the sandy loam, Dcrit was 20–30 (high‐intensity peak) and 70 min (low‐intensity peak); in the silt loam, values were 100 and 200–300 min, respectively. Therefore, rainfall data from common weather station data at D = 60 min allow accurate estimates of infiltration only in low‐conductivity soils or for low‐intensity rainfall. The disaggregation of daily cumulative rainfall into sine‐wave profiles improved predictions in more conductive soils. Results indicate that higher saturated hydraulic conductivity and intensity peak rainfall rate require smaller values of D for the accurate modelling of infiltration with Hydrus‐1D and Green‐Ampt models.Highlights
Temporal resolution of rainfall data is important in infiltration modelling.
Temporal resolution of rainfall data affects Green‐Ampt and Hydrus‐1D predicted infiltration
Green‐Ampt and Hydrus‐1D cumulative infiltration predictions are insensitive for rainfall resolution ≤20 min
Predictions are more sensitive to rainfall resolution >20 min in soils with higher hydraulic conductivity.
Feature optimization and identification of ovarian cancer using internet of medical things
Authors: Ghazal Taher M. , Taleb Nasser 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is one kind of tumour that impacts women's ovaries and is hard to diagnose in the initial phase as a primary cause of cancer death. The ovarian cancer information generated by the Clinical Network has been used, and the Self Organizing Map (SOM) and Optimized Neural Networks have suggested a new method for the distinction between ovarian cancer and remaining cancer. Feature optimization and identification of the ovarian cancer (FOI‐OV) framework are proposed in this research. The SOM algorithm has also been used separately to improve the functional subset, with understandable and intriguing information from participants' health information steps. The SOM‐based collection appears to be tolerable in guided learning strategies due to the lack of different classifiers, which would direct the quest for knowledge specific to the classification algorithm. The classification technique will classify data from ovarian cancer as benign/malignant. By optimizing Neural Network configuration, Advanced Harmony Searching Optimization (AHSO) can enhance the ovarian cancer detection method compared with other methods. This research's suggested model can also diagnose cancer with high precision, and low root means square error (RMSE) early. With 94% precision and 0.029%, RMSE, SOM, and NN techniques have shown identification and precision in ovarian cancer. Optimization (AHSO) has provided an efficient classification approach with a better failure rate.
The dark side of IPOs: Examining where and who trades in the IPO secondary market
Authors: Cox Justin , Van Ness Bonnie , Van Ness Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe analyze the impact of trading dynamics, including fragmentation of markets, undisplayed (dark), and algorithmic trading, on liquidity formation in initial public offerings (IPOs). We find that these various trading dynamics evolve throughout the IPO secondary market and are dependent on the IPO's initial offering‐day underpricing. Higher levels of fragmentation in displayed (lit) markets and algorithmic trading improve market quality in IPOs, while higher levels of undisplayed (dark) trading harm it. Overall, we find that, with the exception of the impact of dark trading, the concerns regarding the impact of fragmented markets and algorithmic trading on IPO liquidity are mostly unwarranted.
Increased precipitation and nitrogen addition accelerate the temporal increase in soil respiration during 8‐year old‐field grassland succession
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Ru Jingyi , Song Jian , Li Heng , Li Xiaoming , Ma Yafei , Li Zheng , Hao Yuanfeng , Chi Zhensheng , Hui Dafeng , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEcological succession after disturbance plays a vital role in influencing ecosystem structure and functioning. However, how global change factors regulate ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in successional plant communities remains largely elusive. As part of an 8‐year (2012–2019) manipulative experiment, this study was designed to examine the responses of soil respiration and its heterotrophic component to simulated increases in precipitation and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in an old‐field grassland undergoing secondary succession. Over the 8‐year experimental period, increased precipitation stimulated soil respiration by 11.6%, but did not affect soil heterotrophic respiration. Nitrogen addition increased both soil respiration (5.1%) and heterotrophic respiration (6.2%). Soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration linearly increased with time in the control plots, resulting from changes in soil moisture and shifts of plant community composition from grass–forb codominance to grass dominance in this old‐field grassland. Compared to the control, increased precipitation significantly strengthened the temporal increase in soil respiration through stimulating belowground net primary productivity. By contrast, N addition accelerated temporal increases in both soil respiration and its heterotrophic component by driving plant community shifts and thus stimulating soil organic C. Our findings indicate that increases in water and N availabilities may accelerate soil C release during old‐field grassland succession and reduce their potential positive impacts on soil C accumulation under future climate change scenarios.
Departmental academic support for doctoral students in Russia: Categorisation and effects
Authors: Zhuchkova Svetlana , Terentev Evgeniy , Saniyazova Aray , Bekova Saule 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDepartmental academic support plays an important role in a doctoral journey. However, different types of support may be related to different outcomes. This paper aims to provide a categorisation of types of departmental academic support and analyse the relationship between these different categories of support and doctoral students' confidence that they will complete their dissertations. The empirical base for the research is data from a cross‐institutional survey of doctoral students at six Russian universities. Based on the results of latent class analysis (LCA), we distinguished six types of departmental academic support depending on the functions performed by supervisors, other faculty members and department heads. Consistent with previous research, we found that departmental academic support plays a crucial role in doctoral students' experiences and outcomes, while lack of support is related to a lower level of confidence about completing a dissertation. At the same time, our results provide evidence that excessive collective engagement in doctoral students' work from departmental staff may be less effective than the strong engagement of a supervisor, assisted by informational support from other staff members.
Graduate students in public health predict their actual usage of different library services and resources quite accurately
Authors: Bourgeois John P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic health students need to use different resources to those used by other health science students.ObjectivesTo compare how users expect to interact with library resources and services with how they reported actual interactions and expected future usage, to inform library planning.MethodsDuring first semester orientation, a paper questionnaire was administered to graduate students (n = 25), followed by an end of semester questionnaire in a mandatory public health course. Differences (orientation vs. actual and actual vs. predicted future) were analysed using chi‐square tests.ResultsMost graduate students utilized library resources as frequently as they anticipated at the semester's start. Regarding which library resources they would use, respondents' predictions during orientation were accurate. Respondent confidence in their abilities to use the library resources rose by the semester's end, and the group's expectations of using electronic books in the future semester increased significantly.DiscussionGraduate students had realistic expectations when predicting their library resource usage and difficulties and most expected to value the quiet space as much as they did.ConclusionSuch tracking of group expectations, experience and predicted usage helps library managers’ plan where support is required.
Preoperative personalization of atrial fibrillation ablation strategy to prevent esophageal injury: Impact of changes in esophageal position
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Nuñez‐Garcia Marta , Cheniti Ghassen , Sridi‐Cheniti Soumaya , Bustin Aurélien , Jia Shuman , Goujeau Cyril , André Clementine , Nakashima Takashi , Krisai Philipp , Takagi Takamitsu , Kamakura Tsukasa , Derval Nicolas , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Chauvel Remi , Sacher Frederic , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Sermesant Maxime , Jais Pierre , Cochet Hubert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to changes in esophageal position, preoperative assessment of the esophageal location may not mitigate the risk of esophageal injury in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess esophageal motion and its impact on AF ablation strategies.Methods and ResultsNinety‐seven AF patients underwent two computed tomography (CT) scans. The area at risk of esophageal injury (AAR) was defined as the left atrial surface ≤3 mm from the esophagus. On CT1, ablation lines were drawn blinded to the esophageal location to create three ablation sets: individual pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), wide antral circumferential ablation (WACA), and WACA with linear ablation (WACA + L). Thereafter, ablation lines for WACA and WACA + L were personalized to avoid the AAR. Rigid registration was performed to align CT1 onto CT2, and the relationship between ablation lines and the AAR on CT2 was analyzed. The esophagus moved by 3.6 [2.7 to 5.5] mm. The AAR on CT2 was 8.6 ± 3.3 cm2, with 77% overlapping that on CT1. High body mass index was associated with the AAR mismatch (standardized β 0.382, p < .001). Without personalization, AARs on ablation lines for individual PVI, WACA, and WACA + L were 0 [0–0.4], 0.8 [0.5–1.2], and 1.7 [1.2–2.0] cm2. Despite the esophageal position change, the personalization of ablation lines for WACA and WACA + L reduced the AAR on lines to 0 [0–0.5] and 0.7 [0.3–1.0] cm2 (p < .001 for both).ConclusionThe personalization of ablation lines based on a preoperative CT reduced ablation to the AAR despite changes in esophageal position.
Acute‐phase heart rate trajectories and functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Feng Zhiyuan , Qin Huibing , Zhang Yijun , Liu Hongzhao , Wang Anxin , Cheng Aichun , Xu Jie , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe heart rate (HR) trajectory is a dynamic metric that shows how HR changes over time. Previous studies have demonstrated that elevated HR is associated with stroke events. However, little research has been done on the influence of shifting HR throughout the acute period on clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effect of HR trajectories on functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A total of 981 AIS patients were included in the study. A latent mixture model was used to assess HR trends over the first 7 days following disease onset. The patients were divided into four groups based on different HR trajectories: markedly decreasing in 48 h (T1), mildly decreasing in 48 h (T2), sustained moderate in 7 days (T3), and sustained high in 7 days (T4). Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≥3 in 3 months. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between different HR trajectories and outcomes. The incidence of poor outcomes was 9.02%, 10.80%, 11.79%, 16.36% in T1 (n = 133), T2 (n = 352), T3 (n = 441), and T4 (n = 55) groups, respectively. Compared with T1 group, T4 group was significantly associated with a higher risk of poor outcome at 3 months (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–8.54, p value = .0392). This suggests that in AIS patients, a sustained high HR trajectory is linked to a greater likelihood of poor functional outcome than a markedly decreasing HR trajectory. HR trajectories demonstrate the utility of repeated HR measurements for outcome assessment.
Attenuation of intrinsic ageing of the skin via elimination of senescent dermal fibroblasts with senolytic drugs
Authors: Kim H. , Jang J. , Song M.J. , Kim G. , Park C.‐H. , Lee D.H. , Lee S.‐H. , Chung J.H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin ageing is caused by numerous factors that result in structural and functional changes in cutaneous components. Research has shown that senescent cells are known to accumulate in skin ageing, however, the role of senescent cells in skin ageing has not been defined.ObjectivesTo elucidate the role of the senescent cell in skin ageing, we evaluated the effect of known senolytic drugs on senescent dermal fibroblasts.MethodsPrimary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were induced to senescence by long‐term passaging, UV irradiation, and H2O2 treatment. Cell viability was measured after treatment of ABT‐263 and ABT‐737 on HDFs. Young and aged hairless mice were intradermally injected with drugs or vehicle on the dorsal skin for 10 days. Skin specimens were obtained and reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR, western blotting, and histological analysis were performed.ResultsWe found that ABT‐263 and ABT‐737 induced selective clearance of senescent dermal fibroblasts, regardless of the method of senescence induction. Aged mouse skin treated with ABT‐263 or ABT‐737 showed increased collagen density, epidermal thickness, and proliferation of keratinocytes, as well as decreased senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes, such as MMP‐1 and IL‐6.ConclusionsTaken together, our results indicate that selective clearance of senescent skin cells can attenuate and improve skin ageing phenotypes and that senolytic drugs may be of potential use as new therapeutic agents for treating ageing of the skin.
Dermoscopy of Gottron’s papules and other inflammatory dermatoses involving the dorsa of the hands
Authors: Żychowska M. , Łudzik J. , Witkowski A. , Lee C. , Reich A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral inflammatory dermatoses, including dermatomyositis (DM), may present as erythematous papules or plaques on the dorsal aspects of the hands over the joints. Limited skin involvement in these entities may pose a diagnostic challenge. (Video)dermoscopy is being utilized more frequently to aid in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory skin conditions.ObjectiveTo describe the dermoscopic findings in Gottron’s papules and compare them with dermoscopic features of other dermatoses involving the dorsal aspects of the hands.MethodsVideodermoscopic images from patients presenting with erythematous papules or plaques on the dorsal surface of the hands were retrospectively analysed for the presence of standardized dermoscopic parameters.ResultsDermoscopic images from patients with DM (n = 12), psoriasis (n = 19), chronic dermatitis (n = 16), mycosis fungoides (n = 7), lichen planus (n = 5) and pityriasis rubra pilaris (n = 3) were included. Gottron’s papules were characterized by pleomorphic vessels (dotted vessels accompanied by thick or thin linear vessels with branches or linear curved vessels) in 66.7% of cases, arranged in an unspecified pattern (91.7%), and accompanied by white or pink structureless areas (75.0%). Psoriatic plaques were characterized by dotted vessels arranged in a uniform pattern (94.7%). Vessels arranged in a ring pattern were nearly exclusively observed in psoriasis, while yellow structureless areas and erosions were more frequently present in chronic dermatitis. White lines, corresponding to Wickham striae, were specific for lichen planus.ConclusionsVideodermoscopy might be of value in differentiating Gottron’s papules from other dermatoses involving dorsa of the hands.
Effect of grinding on the optical properties of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Corcodel Nicoleta , Herpel Christopher , Rammelsberg Peter , Rion Kevin , Seceleanu Irina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyze the color infiltration in monolithic zirconia after grinding, which plays an essential role in the color stability of restorations after occlusal adjustment.MethodsOne hundred and eight white zirconia plates (36 Dentsply Sirona—Cercon high translucency [C], 36 Zirkonzahn—Prettau [P], 36 Zirkonzahn—Prettau anterior [Pa]) were stained by infiltration with target colors Vita A2, A3.5, and A4. In a standardized experimental setup, all plates were grinded in nine successive steps (from baseline to 500 μm), and color was measured with a spectroradiometer at each grinding step. Color differences ΔE00 between initial color and after each grinding step were calculated. The data was analyzed using regression, Kruskal‐Wallis test, inverse prediction, and simultaneous 95%‐confidence intervals.ResultsGrinding had a significant effect on color stability across all zirconia types and target colors (p < 0.001). At each cut level and target color, ΔE00 means for groups C, P, and Pa were statistically different (p < 0.05). Among the three zirconia types, Pa had the lowest ΔE00 mean score for cut levels 20–100 μm for A2 and between 50 and 300 μm for A3.5 and A4. For all other cut levels, differences between Pa and P were not significant (α = 0.05). C had the largest mean ΔE00 except for A4 until 100 μm, where it was second best.ConclusionZirconia type had a significant effect on the color infiltration depth across all target colors. Pa showed the best color stability until 150 μm material reduction, whereas C presented significantly less color stability than the other two zirconia materials.Clinical significanceColor stability is important for minimizing the risk of restoration failure due to unacceptable color changes after grinding. Pa is less susceptible to color change and has an additional buffer of 60 μm until exceeding the color acceptability threshold. When higher flexural strength is needed, P is to be preferred.
Can we improve delirium prevention and treatment in the emergency department? A systematic review
Authors: Lee Sangil , Chen Hao , Hibino Seikei , Miller Daniel , Healy Heather , Lee Jacques S. , Arendts Glenn , Han Jin Ho , Kennedy Maura , Carpenter Christopher R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review was conducted to evaluate any interventions to prevent incident delirium, or shorten the duration of prevalent delirium, in older adults presenting to the emergency department (ED).MethodsHealth sciences librarian designed electronic searches were conducted from database inception through September 2021. Two authors reviewed studies, and included studies that evaluated interventions for the prevention and/or treatment of delirium and excluded non‐ED studies. The risk of bias (ROB) was evaluated by the Cochrane ROB tool or the Newcastle‐Ottawa (NOS) scale. Meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate a pooled effect of multifactorial programs on delirium prevention.ResultsOur search strategy yielded 11,900 studies of which 10 met study inclusion criteria. Two RCTs evaluated pharmacologic interventions for delirium prevention; three non‐RCTs employed a multi‐factorial delirium prevention program; three non‐RCTs evaluated regional anesthesia for hip fractures; and one study evaluated the use of Foley catheter, medication exposure, and risk of delirium. Only four studies demonstrated a significant impact on delirium incidence or duration of delirium—one RCT of melatonin reduced the incidence of delirium (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.62), one non‐RCT study on a multi‐factorial program decreased inpatient delirium prevalence (41% to 19%) and the other reduced incident delirium (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.61). One case–control study on the use of ED Foley catheters in the ED increased the duration of delirium (proportional OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.4). A pooled odds ratio for three multifactorial programs on delirium prevention was 0.46 (95% CI 0.31–0.68, I2 = 0).ConclusionFew interventions initiated in the ED were found to consistently reduce the incidence or duration of delirium. Delirium prevention and treatment trials in the ED are still rare and should be prioritized for future research.
Development of stable tocopherol succinate‐loaded ethosomes to enhance transdermal permeation: In vitro and in vivo characterizations
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTocopherol succinate (TS) represents synthetic derivative of α‐tocopherol (vitamin E), it act as anti‐aging, moisturizing, and antioxidant. Ultraviolet (UV) photo stability of TS is low, and it cause skin irritation.AimTo develop tocopherol succinate loaded ethosomal gel for topical TS delivery and to evaluate its moisturizing and anti‐aging effects.MethodCold method technique was used to produce ethosomal formulations (N = 9) by varying ethanol and lipid concentrations (F1–F9). The most optimized formulation (F5) was selected for further study on the basis of characterization. F5 Formulation was incorporated into gel. Ex vivo permeation study was done by using Franz diffusion cell. Non‐invasive in vivo study was performed using corneometer for the evaluation of skin moisture content and skin mechanical properties by using cutometer, for 12 weeks on human subjects (N = 13).ResultsParticle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI), Entrapment efficiency were found to be 179.1 nm, −13.7 mV and 0.345, and 99.71%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depicted spherical ethosomal particles. Ethosomal gel and control gel were evaluated for conductivity and pH. Rheological analysis revealed a non‐Newtonian flow. The release profile showed initial burst and then, sustained release, release data followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model. TS‐loaded ethosomal gel appeared physically stable and showed significant results in terms of skin capacitance and mechanical properties.ConclusionThe prepared ethosomal gel formulation containing TS is more stable with enhanced antioxidant, moisturizing properties, and increased TS deposition into the skin layer.