bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility and climate change*
Authors: Gerlagh Reyer , Lupi Veronica , Galeotti Marzio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA quarter of the total increase in emissions is attributable to the growth of emissions per capita, whereas three‐quarters are due to population growth. This evidence notwithstanding, demography in climate–economy models typically follows exogenous trends. We develop a climate–economy integrated model with endogenous fertility through a quality–quantity trade‐off. The decentralization of the social optimum requires two complementary instruments: a carbon pricing policy and family planning interventions. Global population increases and reaches a peak, depending on the scenario, between 11.6 billion in the social optimum and 14.6 billion if only carbon prices are implemented. Fertility costs (i.e., the net present value of the climate‐related costs per child) are in 2020 estimated to be about 22,000 euros in the “social optimum” scenario, and about 88,000 euros in the “second‐best with fertility taxes” scenario. Carbon pricing tends to have a rebound effect as it increases population growth leading to higher future emissions. Our results highlight the effects of fertility choices and global population on climate change, quantifying the cost of neglecting the interaction.
Sequential monitoring of high‐dimensional time series
Authors: Bodnar Rostyslav , Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the paper we derive new types of multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts which are based on the Euclidean distance and on the distance defined by using the inverse of the diagonal matrix consisting of the variances. The design of the proposed control schemes does not involve the computation of the inverse covariance matrix and, thus, it can be used in the high‐dimensional setting. The distributional properties of the control statistics are obtained and are used in the determination of the new control procedures. Within an extensive simulation study, the new approaches are compared with the multivariate EWMA control charts which are based on the Mahalanobis distance.
Closing the empathy gap: A narrative review of the measurement and reduction of parochial empathy
Authors: Behler Anna Maria C. , Berry Daniel R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research indicates that empathy‐enhancing interventions are limited in their ability to produce meaningful and lasting reductions in bias and hostility toward outgroup members. Parochial empathy—defined as preferentially higher empathy felt for ingroup over outgroup members—has been shown to be a promoter of intergroup conflict and antipathy. Our review will discuss the shortfalls of enhancing empathy for its own sake in intergroup contexts. We leverage the longstanding theory and science of multidimensional perspectives and operationalizations of general empathy, which include cognitive, affective and motivational responses to others' suffering. Thereafter we will discuss the current state of the science on measuring parochial empathy. We close by suggesting a multidimensional perspective of parochial empathy can inform interventions to promote intergroup prosociality, particularly interventions that directly and/or indirectly motivate other‐oriented empathy and concern.
Pre-main sequence evolution of low-mass stars in Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity
Authors: Guerrero Merce , Rubiera-Garcia Diego , Wojnar Aneta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study three aspects of the early-evolutionary phases in low-mass stars within Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld (EiBI) gravity, a viable extension of General Relativity. These aspects are concerned with the Hayashi tracks (i.e. the effective temperature-luminosity relation); the minimum mass required to belong to the main sequence; and the maximum mass allowed for a fully convective star within the main sequence. Using analytical models accounting for the most relevant physics of these processes, we find in all cases a dependence of these quantities not only on the theory’s parameter, but also on the star’s central density, a feature previously found in Palatinif(R) gravity. Using this, we investigate the evolution of these quantities with the (sign of the) EiBI parameter, finding a shift in the Hayashi tracks in opposite directions in the positive/negative branches of it, and an increase (decrease) for positive (negative) parameter in the two masses above. We use these results to elaborate on the chances to seek for traces of new physics in low-mass stars within this theory, and the limitations and difficulties faced by this approach.
Special Aquatic Products Supply Chain Coordination Considering Bilateral Green Input in the Context of High-Quality Development
Authors: Yu Liting , Liu Dongyan , Xu Nairu 
Published: August 2022

The high-quality development of fishery puts forward two requirements for the supply of Aquatic Products(AP): The first is to increase the supply of high-quality, high-end and safe AP based on market demand;The second is to promote green aquaculture. Under this background, Special aquatic products (SAP) have become the main force of green aquaculture due to their higher nutritional value and good quality, the green development of Special aquatic products supply chain (SAPSC) can solve the urgent needs of consumers for “quality and healthy” AP. Combining with the characteristics that SAP farming is dominated by producers, we construct the Stackelberg Model of producer-dominated SAP, and analyze the different operation results of SAP in traditional aquaculture model(TAM) and green aquaculture model(GAM). Furthermore, the paper studies the optimal decision-making of supply chain based on the bilateral green input of producers and retailers, and designs a revenue-sharing contract(RSC) to coordinate the SAPSC. The main results are as follows: Compared with TAM, the demand for products under GAM is greater. And the producers and retailers are more profitable. The basic greenness and marketing level of the products have a driving effect on green development of SAPSC. The RSC is conducive to encouraging supply chain members to make green inputs. Finally, by analyzing the contract parameters and supply chain parameters, the validity of the contract and the correctness of the conclusion are verified.
Research of Crack Defect Detection in Metal Pipes Based on Microwave Antenna Array
Authors: Qiu Guohua , Tian Shanshan , Yuan Qinwen 
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the feasibility of using antenna array to detect crack defects in metal pipes. Antenna arrays are set at the port of a metal pipe in radial direction, and the microwave signal can be effectively coupled into the metal pipe. It can produce orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves. The cracks in the pipe will change the microwave transmission characteristics, and they can be inspected by time domain reflectometry (TDR) of vector network analyzer (VNA). By studying the transmission characteristics of current on the inner surface of the metal pipe, the feasibility of linearly polarized TE11 mode microwaves for crack inspection was preliminarily verified. Three galvanized metal pipes with an inner diameter of 8 cm and a total length of about 270 cm were used in the experiment. Axial slits and circumferential slits were used to simulate the crack, respectively. The slits penetrated the pipe wall with a breach of approximately

10

cm
×
0.7

cm

. The experimental results demonstrated that the radial direction antenna array can detect both the axial slit and circumferential slit through TDR and standing wave ratio (SWR) at the port, especially effective for the axial slit. It provides a new inspection method for metal pipe defect evaluation.
Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Yuksel Yasin , Kose Sennur 
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the effectiveness of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study included 925 ACS patients (mean age 62.5 ± 12.4 years, 73.5% male); 604 were diagnosed as unstable angina pectoris/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (USAP/NSTEMI) and 321 as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The PNI formula was: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + .005 × total lymphocyte count (/mm3). The patients were divided into two groups: CIN (n = 232) and non-CIN (n = 693). Patients without CIN had a significantly lower PNI than patients with CIN (44.3 ± 6.9 vs 54.7 ± 7.4; P < .001). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the cut-off value for PNI of 48.6 has 80% specificity and 81% sensitivity in predicting CIN (area under the ROC curve (AUC): .87, 95% CI [.84–.89]). PNI <48.6 (odds ratio (OR): 6.765, P < .001), pre-procedural creatinine levels (OR: 6.223, P < .001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR: .960, P < .001), age (OR: 1.025, P = .005), diabetes mellitus (DM) (0R: 1.768, P = .006), contrast amount (OR: 1.003, P = .038), and having STEMI (OR: .594, P = .029) were found independently associated with CIN. PNI is a strong independent predictor of CIN in ACS patients.
The use of the term ‘occupational profile’ in occupational therapy and occupational science literature: A scoping review
Authors: Hansell Chloe , Bissett Michelle , Caine Anne-Maree 
Published: August 2022

Introduction The term ‘occupational profile’ is widely used within the occupational therapy profession; however, its use and application appear inconsistent in the literature. Understanding how occupational profile is described in existing literature can reduce ambiguity and strengthen consistent use of terminology across practice and research. Methods A scoping review was conducted to examine how occupational profile has been described in occupational therapy and occupational science literature. Results Seventy-six journal papers were included. A lack of consistent definitions, conceptualisation and measurements was identified. Key concepts relating to the conceptualisation of occupational profile included occupational history, motivation and performance. Only one measurement was used consistently with paediatric clients to identify individuals’ occupational profiles. Occupational profiles of populations and communities were not identified. Conclusion The lack of consistency in definitions, conceptualisation and measurement of the term ‘occupational profile’ presents significant issues for occupational therapy practice, including an inability to compare populations. Researchers should articulate their conceptualisation of occupational profile in the absence of a universally agreed-upon definition. More comprehensive measures seeking to explore the occupational profile of a variety of clients need to be developed. Occupational profiles of communities and populations should be explored to understand occupational patterns and identify potential occupational issues.
Structural Analysis of Social Behavior: Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Intrapsychic Personality Traits Associated With Depression in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Vespa Anna , Giulietti Maria Velia , Fabbietti Paolo , Di Rosa Mirko , Gattafoni Pisana , Sarzani Riccardo , Arnaldi Giorgio , Balercia Giancarlo , Berardi Rossana , Salvo Gianmaria , Attademo Luigi , Spatuzzi Roberta 
Published: August 2022

Background This study aimed to investigate personality traits associated with depression in breast cancer women (BCW). Methods Sample: 236 BCW recently diagnosed (early stages). Tests: SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social-Behavior; IPAT-CDQ-Depression . Statistical analysis: cluster K-Means analysis to explore SASB personality-traits considering the 8 SASB clusters (Cl); CDQ scores dichotomized by 50th percentile cutoff (high/low); Pearson’s chi square test to compare CDQ levels and SASB traits. Results Cluster analysis results supported two distinguishable SASB personality traits (for all SASB Cl-Scales P < .001) classified as “Love and Autonomy” (62.2%) and “Control and Hate” (37.8%). Patients with Love/Autonomy traits are spontaneous, accept their deepest feelings and desire to be close to other people (Cl1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4). They show a medium value of self-control and a low tendency to self-abusive and self-critical behaviors (Cl5, Cl6). They pay attention to themselves and to their needs at emotional and physical levels also if may be occasionally engaged in self-destructive behaviors (Cl7, Cl8). Women with Control/Hate traits are not spontaneous and do not always express emotions (C1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4) and flexibility in their relationship with others (Cl5, Cl6). In stressful situations, they may ignore the option of choices for self-growth and neglect their needs and those of others (Cl7, Cl8). BCWs with Control/Hate traits scored higher in depression ( P <.001) than those with the Love/Autonomy profile. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should be aware of these personality traits and their association with depression to identify the psychologically most vulnerable BCW and improve the care they provide them. The psychotherapeutic intervention should be planned to face on the personality problems.
Readmission trends before and after a national reconfiguration of emergency departments in Denmark
Authors: Bogh Søren Bie , Fløjstrup Marianne , Möller Sören , Bech Mickael , Lassen Annmarie T , Brabrand Mikkel , Mogensen Christian B 
Published: August 2022

Objective In order to achieve better and more efficient emergency health care, the Danish public hospital system has been reconfigured, with hospital emergency care being centralised into extensive and specialised emergency departments. This article examines how this reconfiguration has affected patient readmission rates. Methods We included all unplanned hospital admissions (aged ≥18 years) at public, non-psychiatric hospitals in four geographical regions in Denmark between 1 January 2007 and 24 December 2017. Using an interrupted time-series design, we examined trend changes in the readmission rates. In addition to analysing the overall effect, analyses stratified according to admission time of day and weekdays/weekends were conducted. The analyses were adjusted for patient characteristics and other system changes. Results The seven-day readmission rate increased from 2.6% in 2007 to 3.8% in 2017, and the 30-day rate increased from 8.1% to 11.5%. However, the rates were less than what they would have been had the reconfiguration not been introduced. The reconfiguration reduced the seven-day readmission rate by 1.4% annually (hazard ratio [CI 95%] 0.986 [0.981–0.991]) and the 30-day rate by 1% annually (hazard ratio [CI 95%] 0.99 [0.987–0.993]). Conclusions Reconfiguration reduced the rate of increase in readmissions, but nevertheless readmissions still increased across the study period. It seems hospitals and policymakers will need to identify further ways to reduce patient loads.
Learning Surgical Skills Through Video-Based Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Youssef Samy Cheikh , Aydin Abdullatif , Canning Alexander , Khan Nawal , Ahmed Kamran , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: August 2022

Background Educational videos are a potent resource for the learning of surgical skills among different study cohorts. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of different educational video interventions and their features. A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID), Cochrane libraries and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed from inception to 28/02/21. Studies included were not limited by date of publication, studies aiming to assess the impact of video-based interventions in the direct acquisition of surgical skill were included. Eligible studies were analysed based on study type, type of video intervention, method of assessment and period of education. The educational impact of the studies was also assessed as per Messick’s framework for testing validity of evaluation methods and McGhagie’s model for analysing translational outcomes. 22 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion, of which 14/22 (63.6%) demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge/skills following the video-based teaching interventions, 3/22 (13.6%) studies demonstrated an improvement in trainee satisfaction scores. A recurrent limitation of the included studies was the lack of validation of selected assessment methods. None of the included studies scored on all 5 parameters of validity as defined by Messicks validity framework. Furthermore, none of the included trials were conducted for long enough to indicate direct changes to patient outcomes resultant from educational methods. Conclusion Video-based surgical education is effective in learning surgical skills within different levels of surgical training; however, superior study quality and follow-up is required to determine which aspects of video-based interventions are most impactful.
Epigenetic age predictors in community-dwelling adults with high impact knee pain
Authors: Cruz-Almeida Yenisel , Johnson Alisa , Meng Lingsong , Sinha Puja , Rani Asha , Yoder Sean , Huo Zhiguang , Foster Thomas C. , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: August 2022

Gerontological research reveals considerable interindividual variability in aging phenotypes, and emerging evidence suggests that high impact chronic pain may be associated with various accelerated biological aging processes. In particular, epigenetic aging is a robust predictor of health-span and disability compared to chronological age alone. The current study aimed to determine whether several epigenetic aging biomarkers were associated with high impact chronic pain in middle to older age adults (44–78 years old). Participants ( n = 213) underwent a blood draw, demographic, psychosocial, pain and functional assessments. We estimated five epigenetic clocks and calculated the difference between epigenetic age and chronological age, which has been previously reported to predict overall mortality risk, as well as included additional derived variables of epigenetic age previously associated with pain. There were significant differences across Pain Impact groups in three out of the five epigenetic clocks examined (DNAmAge, DNAmPhenoAge and DNAmGrimAge), indicating that pain-related disability during the past 6 months was associated with markers of epigenetic aging. Only DNAmPhenoAge and DNAmGrimAge were associated with higher knee pain intensity during the past 48 h. Finally, pain catastrophizing, depressive symptomatology and more neuropathic pain symptoms were significantly associated with an older epigenome in only one of the five epigenetic clocks (i.e. DNAmGrimAge) after correcting for multiple comparisons (corrected p’s < 0.05). Given the scant literature in relation to epigenetic aging and the complex experience of pain, additional research is needed to understand whether epigenetic aging may help identify people with chronic pain at greater risk of functional decline and poorer health outcomes.
Brief psychological screening for trapeziectomy: Identifying patients at high risk of a poor functional outcome
Authors: Larson Debbie , Nunney Ian , Champion Rebecca , Edwards Claire , Chojnowski Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study investigates if the psychological subscale from the STarT Back Screening Tool (STarT Psych-sub) identifies patients at high risk of a poor functional outcome after a trapeziectomy based on modifiable psychological factors. Methods: A total of 83 patients completed the STarT Psych-sub, QuickDASH (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM) and a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) before trapeziectomy. QuickDASH, PEM and NPRS were completed at 6 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year after the trapeziectomy. Results: The STarT Psych-sub stratified 24 patients (29%) as ‘high-risk’ and 59 (71%) as ‘not high-risk’ of a poor outcome. The ‘high-risk’ group reported worse function and pain (QuickDASH = 72.7, PEM = 81.1, NPRS = 8.3) at baseline than the ‘not high-risk’ group (QuickDASH = 56.1, PEM = 66.4, NPRS = 7.2). This difference remained constant at all time points after the trapeziectomy with 1-year scores on the QuickDASH = 39.6; PEM = 47.1 and NPRS = 3.7 for the ‘high-risk’ group and QuickDASH = 24.3; PEM = 33.3 and NPRS = 1.9 for the ‘not high-risk’ group. Conclusions: Brief psychological screening shows that patients with psychological risk factors experience improved pain and function outcomes following trapeziectomy, however their outcomes are significantly worse than patients who do not have psychological risk factors.
A study on mechanical behavior of Kevlar fiber reinforced concrete under static and high-strain rate loading
Authors: Li Yeou-Fong , Huang Yan-Ru , Syu Jin-Yuan , Tsai Ying-Kuan , Huang Chih-Hong 
Published: August 2022

Reinforced concrete structures sometimes are deteriorated and damaged by seismic and blast wave loadings, and the resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete was tested at a loading of high-strain rate. Therefore, concrete structures were needed to improve the dynamic load resistance and energy absorption capabilities. In infrastructures, fiber is incorporated into concrete and is used to strengthen structures to increase its durability and resistance to high-strain rate loadings. In this study, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of Kevlar fiber-reinforced concrete were studied by the compressive strength test and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test, respectively. The 0.5% weight ratio Kevlar fiber content of KFRC specimens attained the highest strength in the quasi-static and dynamic test compared with benchmark and other 1.0%, 1.5% weight ratios. The KFRC specimens with the length of 12 mm and 24 mm exhibit similar effects in the quasi-static compressive strengths, but the KFRC specimens with the length of 24 mm fiber attained higher strain energies under dynamic loading.
Emergency department use by people with back pain: An investigation
Authors: Capsey Matt , Ryan Cormac , Mankelow Jagjit , Alexanders Jenny , Martin Denis 
Published: August 2022

Background Demand on emergency departments (EDs) is rising, at least in part due to patients with conditions suitable for management in primary care. Pain experienced in the back region is a common reason for patients to seek help and much of the established literature on back pain suggests serious pathologies are rare and the majority of patients can be safely treated in primary care. Emerging international data suggests that patients who present to ED complaining of back pain do not reflect those in primary care, with a higher rate of serious pathologies and non-spinal causes. This exploratory study seeks to quantify the prevalence of people attending ED with back pain, to describe their characteristics and the characteristics of their attendance. Methods This observational study is a retrospective analysis of patients attending EDs within an NHS Trust in the North East of England presenting with back pain from 1/10/2017 to 30/09/2018. Results Of 212,020 attendances, 3872 (2%) patients presented complaining of back pain on arrival. 36% of patients had no official diagnosis recorded, 5% were categorised as having a potentially serious spinal pathology, 22% had a non-spinal pathology diagnosis and 23% were categorised as simple backache. The majority (56%) had no recorded investigations, 19% received plain radiography, 5% received either CT/MRI, 18% had blood investigations and 17% had cardiac monitoring or electrocardiogram. Most individuals self-presented. NHS 111, primary care and community care referrals accounted for 24% of attendances. Conclusion Back pain was a relatively common ED attendance and represented a variety of conditions including non-spinal causes. This suggests that the population of patients with back pain attending ED are a different subgroup to those presenting to primary care. Care should be taken applying primary care guidance to this group and there may be a need for emergency care specific back pain guidelines.