bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pricing Decisions with Social Interactions: A Game-Theoretic Model
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Yang Yaoyao , Zhuang Jun 
Published: November 2022

For media or digital products with quality uncertainty like online games, movies, theater plays, software, and smartphone applications, online customers may strategically delay their purchase waiting for online reviews and their peers’ purchase decisions. Thus, a firm needs to consider both social learning and positive network externality to anticipate the customers’ purchasing decisions and set a good pricing strategy over time. This paper investigates how these dual concerns affect the strategic interaction between a firm using preannounced pricing or responsive pricing and strategic customers in a two-period game-theoretic model. Deviating from conventional wisdom suggesting that social learning and externality work in a similar way, our results highlight their differences and provide valuable managerial insights. Although social learning and externality play a similar role in expanding the increasing-price-optimal region, they are different in other aspects: The firm will be worse off with learning if the externality gets stronger, whereas it will be worse off or better off with learning if learning gets stronger. In addition, we characterize the condition under which responsive pricing may outperform preannounced pricing. We further find that the firm’s discount factor has an influence on the firm’s pricing strategy selection. Funding: X. Wang and Y. Yang acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72071204]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2022.0463 .
Value Implications of Sourcing Electronic Health Records: The Role of Physician Practice Integration
Authors: Bardhan Indranil R. , Bao Chenzhang , Ayabakan Sezgin 
Published: November 2022

Should hospitals source electronic health records (EHR) systems from a single vendor or multiple vendors to deliver high-value care? We study hospitals’ EHR sourcing strategies based on their degree of integration with physician practices and its impact on the value of healthcare delivered. We propose a novel framework to define healthcare value as the extent to which a hospital effectively expends clinical resources to deliver services that improve patient outcomes. Drawing on modular systems and transaction cost economics theories, we propose a moderated-mediation model that explores the pathways through which EHR sourcing strategies can create value in healthcare. We test our research hypotheses on a large, longitudinal sample of U.S. hospitals and observe that hospitals with EHR configurations closer to single sourcing strategies exhibit greater health information sharing compared with hospitals with multisourced EHR systems. Furthermore, we find that hospital-physician practice integration moderates the impact of single sourcing on health information sharing, which in turn, improves value. Specifically, tighter integration between hospitals and physician practices can create greater value if it is aligned with hospitals’ EHR sourcing strategies. As the healthcare industry moves toward value-based payment reform, our findings provide a useful roadmap to practitioners and policy makers to improve the performance of hospitals and healthcare providers.History: Rajiv Kohli, Senior Editor; Sunil Wattal, Associate Editor.Funding: I.R. Bardhan thanks the Foster Parker Centennial Professorship and the Dean’s Research Excellence Grant at the McCombs School of Business at UT Austin for generous financial support. C. Bao thanks the Spears Fellowship at Oklahoma State University for financial support.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1183 .
Disclosure of Disaggregated Information in the Presence of Reputational Concerns
Authors: Kim Tae Wook , Pae Suil 
Published: November 2022

This study examines a reputation-concerned entrepreneur’s incentives to provide disaggregated information about a project’s future performance when the entrepreneur seeks to increase both the market price of the project and the market assessment of the entrepreneur’s ability as a project manager. Two factors determine equilibrium: (i) the informational quality of the signal related to the entrepreneur’s ability and (ii) the magnitude of reputational concerns. If the former is relatively low, the entrepreneur with moderate reputational concerns is more likely to provide disaggregated information when the signal about the project’s overall performance is intermediate than when it is sufficiently good or bad. Also, given any value of the signal about the overall performance, this entrepreneur withholds disaggregated information when the signal about the entrepreneur’s ability is intermediate rather than sufficiently good or bad. The comparative static results provide novel empirical predictions about disclosure of aggregate versus disaggregated information. This paper was accepted by Eric So, accounting.
How to De-Reserve Reserves: Admissions to Technical Colleges in India
Authors: Aygün Orhan , Turhan Bertan 
Published: November 2022

We study the joint implementation of reservation and de-reservation policies in India that has been enforcing comprehensive affirmative action since 1950. The landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India in 2008 mandated that whenever the OBC category (with 27% reservation) has unfilled positions, they must be reverted to general category applicants in admissions to public schools without specifying how to implement it. We disclose the drawbacks of the recently reformed allocation procedure in admissions to technical colleges and offer a solution through “de-reservation via choice rules.” We propose a novel priority design—Backward Transfers (BT) choice rule—for institutions and the deferred acceptance mechanism under these choice rules (DA-BT) for centralized clearinghouses. We show that DA-BT corrects the shortcomings of existing mechanisms. By formulating India’s legal requirements and policy goals as formal axioms, we show that the DA-BT mechanism is unique for the concurrent implementation of reservation and de-reservation policies. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Privacy Regulation and Barriers to Public Health
Authors: Buckman Joseph R. , Adjerid Idris , Tucker Catherine 
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions and gravely disrupted the world’s economy. A safe and effective vaccine was developed remarkably swiftly, but as of yet, uptake of the vaccine has been slow. This paper explores one potential explanation of delayed adoption of the vaccine, which is data privacy concerns. We explore two contrasting regulations that vary across U.S. states that have the potential to affect the perceived privacy risk associated with receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. The first regulation—an “identification requirement”—increases privacy concerns by requiring individuals to verify residency with government approved documentation. The second regulation—“anonymity protection”—reduces privacy concerns by allowing individuals to remove personally identifying information from state-operated immunization registry systems. We investigate the effects of these privacy-reducing and privacy-protecting regulations on U.S. state-level COVID-19 vaccination rates. Using a panel data set, we find that identification requirements decrease vaccine demand but that this negative effect is offset when individuals are able to remove information from an immunization registry. Our results remain consistent when controlling for CDC-defined barriers to vaccination, levels of misinformation, vaccine incentives, and states’ phased distribution of vaccine supply. These findings yield significant theoretical and practical contributions for privacy policy and public health. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, information systems. Supplemental Material: Data and the e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4580 .
Superstition and Risk Taking: Evidence from “Zodiac Year” Beliefs in China
Authors: Fisman Ray , Huang Wei , Ning Bo , Pan Yue , Qiu Jiaping , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: November 2022

We show that superstitions—beliefs without scientific grounding—impact the investment and risk-taking of Chinese firms. We focus on widely held beliefs in bad luck during one’s “zodiac year,” which occurs on a 12-year cycle around a person’s birth year, to study superstitions and risk taking. We first show a direct correspondence between zodiac year and risk taking via survey data: respondents are two percentage points more likely to favor no-risk investments if queried during their zodiac year. Turning to corporate decision making, we find that return volatility declines in the chairman’s zodiac year, suggesting a reduction in risk taking overall. Focusing on specific types of risk taking, investment in R&D and corporate acquisitions both decline during the chairman’s zodiac year; returns around acquisition announcements are also lower, suggesting real allocative consequences of zodiac year beliefs. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Funding: W. Huang thanks the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China [Grant 17ZDA090] and the “National Program for Special Support of Eminent Professions” for financial support. Y. Pan thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71790601] for financial support. Y. Wang thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72172090] for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4594 .
Multidimensional Targeting and Consumer Response
Authors: Despotakis Stylianos , Yu Jungju 
Published: November 2022

Advancements in targeting technology have allowed firms to engage in more precise targeting based on several aspects of consumers’ preferences. Exposed to more targeted ads, consumers are becoming increasingly aware of being targeted and respond accordingly. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of multidimensional targeting under which consumers can draw inferences about multiple components of their utility from the advertised product. We show that the firm can be worse off under multidimensional targeting than under single-dimensional targeting, in which the firm targets consumers based only on a single component of their utility. This is because, with multidimensional targeting, targeted consumers may face greater uncertainty about on which specific dimension(s) they can expect to enjoy the advertised product. Therefore, they may be less willing to exert a costly effort of clicking the ad and making a purchase decision. When this result holds, the firm may want to adopt a single-dimensional targeting strategy. However, we show that the firm cannot credibly commit to such a strategy once given access to multiple dimensions of customer data. Interestingly, a higher unit cost of advertising can mitigate the firm’s commitment problem for using customer data and thus increase the firm’s profit. Moreover, the firm can sometimes lower the price to recover some of, but not entirely offset, the drawbacks of multidimensional targeting. We discuss the implications of our results regarding the current practice of targeted advertising and data privacy protection policies. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing. Funding: This work was supported by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology [Grant G04210017]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4604 .
Online Learning and Pricing for Service Systems with Reusable Resources
Authors: Jia Huiwen , Shi Cong , Shen Siqian 
Published: November 2022

Revenue Management of Service Systems under Incomplete Information Revenue management with reusable resources finds many important applications in today's economy, such as cloud computing services, car/bicycle rental services, ride-hailing services, hotel management, project team management, and call center services. The existing literature predominantly assumes that the stochastic demand and service processes are given as an input to the models, and the pricing decisions are made with full knowledge of the distributional information. However, in practice, the decision maker may not know how demand or service rates react to price changes. Thus, the decision maker needs to learn the underlying mapping between prices and rates from past observations, while maximizing the total expected revenue on the fly. In “Online Learning and Pricing for Service Systems with Reusable Resources”, H. Jia, C. Shi, and S. Shen developed a series of online learning algorithms for revenue management problems with reusable resources and showed that they admit an optimal regret bound.
Adaptive Discretization in Online Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Sinclair Sean R. , Banerjee Siddhartha , Yu Christina Lee 
Published: November 2022

Adaptive Discretization in Reinforcement Learning Performance guarantees for RL algorithms are typically for worst case instances, which are pathological by design and not observed in meaningful applications. Moreover, many domains (such as computer systems and networking applications) have large state-action spaces and require algorithms to execute with low latency. This phenomenon highlights a trifecta of goals for practical RL algorithms: low sample, storage, and computational complexity. In this work, we develop an algorithmic framework for nonparametric RL with data-driven adaptive discretization. Our framework has provably better sample, storage, and computational complexity than uniform discretization or kernel regression methods. Moreover, we highlight how the performance guarantees are min-max optimal with respect to a novel instance-specific complexity measure that captures structure in facility location and newsvendor models.
Strategic Release of Information in Platforms: Entry, Competition, and Welfare
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Mantegazza Giacomo 
Published: November 2022

Information Disclosure in Platforms: Optimizing Volumes and Prices Can Harm Consumers Two-sided platforms reduce frictions and facilitate trade in many sectors, and, in doing so, they increasingly collect and process data about supply and demand. The paper “Strategic Release of Information in Platforms: Entry, Competition, and Welfare” by Kostas Bimpikis and Giacomo Mantegazza shows that platforms can increase their profits by strategically disclosing (coarse) information that they collected about demand to the supply side. However, this practice may also adversely impact the welfare of consumers. By designing its information disclosure policy, a platform can influence the entry and pricing decisions of its potential suppliers. In general, it is optimal for platforms to disclose their information only partially to either “nudge” entry when it is costly for suppliers to join or discourage it when suppliers do not have valuable outside options. On the other hand, consumers may end up worse off due to higher prices compared with when the platform refrains from sharing any demand information.
Symbolic Shareholder Democracy: Toward a Behavioral Understanding of the Role of Shareholder Voting in CEO Dismissals
Authors: Andrei Alina G. , van Oosterhout J. (Hans) , Sauerwald Steve 
Published: November 2022

We investigate the effect of expressive shareholder dissent voting, in which shareholders use their votes symbolically to express their discontent with management, on subsequent chief executive officer (CEO) dismissals. Using the routine but highly symbolic executive board discharge proposal voted on at the annual shareholder meetings of German firms, we argue that the board of directors understands these votes as a “vote of confidence in management” that challenges the CEO’s mandate to lead the firm. Arguing that board chairs are uniquely positioned to take up the stance of a steward of the firm and its leadership, we examine how independent and family board chairs moderate the board’s response to expressive voting dissent. Using a sample of German public firms over the period 2008–2015, we find that expressive voting dissent increases the chance of CEO dismissal increasingly with the level of dissent expressed. Contrary to prevailing agency theoretical expectations, we do not find that independent chairs are more responsive to expressive voting dissent, nor that this relationship is strengthened by the degree of minority institutional investor ownership of the firm. Consistent with the symbolic perspective on shareholder voting that we seek to develop, however, we find that family chairs are more likely to lead the board to dismiss the CEO due to the intrinsic disvalue they incur from symbolic leadership legitimacy challenges in their firms, and that the positive effect of having a family chair on the dissent induced chance of CEO dismissal is strengthened by the level of family ownership in the firm.Funding: A University of Illinois at Chicago Summer Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged for S. Sauerwald.
Effect of absorption loss on resonance-enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation from metal-plate arrays
Authors: Chen Zhaofu , Mao Leilei , Yang Renjun , Jin Mengmeng , Bai Ningfeng , Sun Xiaohan 
Published: November 2022

We systematically investigate the Smith–Purcell radiation emitted by electrons moving along a metal-plate array. Neglecting absorption loss, we show that Smith–Purcell radiation can be enhanced by leaky resonances near bound states in the continuum. When absorption loss is considered, by changing the period of metal plates so that the resonant frequency increases from microwave to terahertz, the amplitude of the resonance-enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation is found to decline in low frequencies (

<

5

T
H
z

) and then remain relatively stable in high frequencies (5–15 THz). Our results reveal that despite the absorption loss in the metal, leaky resonances can still substantially enhance Smith–Purcell radiation in microwave and terahertz.
Few-cycle pulse compression and white light generation in cascaded multipass cells
Authors: Goncharov Semyon , Fritsch Kilian , Pronin Oleg 
Published: November 2022

We report supercontinuum generation and pulse compression in two stacked multipass cells based on dielectric mirrors. The 230 fs pulses at 1 MHz containing 12 µJ are compressed by a factor of 33 down to 7 fs, corresponding to 1.0 GW peak power and overall transmission of 84%. The source is particularly interesting for such applications as time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), photoemission electron microscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy.
Oral vaccination of mice with attenuated Salmonella encoding Trichinella spiralis calreticulin and serine protease 1.1 confers protective immunity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Bai Sheng Jie , Han Lu Lu , Liu Ruo Dan , Long Shao Rong , Zhang Xi , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundTrichinella spiralisis a foodborne parasitic nematode which is a serious risk to meat safety. Development of anti-Trichinellavaccine is needed to controlTrichinellainfection in food animals. In this study, two novelT.spiralisgenes (calreticulin and serine protease 1.1) in combination were used to construct oral DNA vaccines, and their induced protective immunity was evaluated in a murine model.Methodology/Principal findingsTsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 DNA were transformed into attenuatedSalmonella typhimuriumΔcyaSL1344. Oral vaccination of mice with TsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 DNA vaccines elicited a gut local mucosal sIgA response and systemic Th1/Th2 mixed response. Oral vaccination with TsCRT+TsSP1.1 induced obviously higher level of serum specific antibodies, mucosal sIgA and cellular immune response than either of single TsCRT or TsSP1.1 DNA vaccination. Oral vaccination of mice with TsCRT+TsSP1.1 exhibited a 53.4% reduction of enteral adult worms and a 46.05% reduction of muscle larvae, conferred a higher immune protection than either of individual TsCRT (44.28 and 42.46%) or TsSP1.1 DNA vaccine (35.43 and 29.29%) alone. Oral vaccination with TsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 also obviously ameliorated inflammation of intestinal mucosa and skeletal muscles of vaccinated mice after challenge.ConclusionsTsCRT and TsSP1.1 might be regarded the novel potential targets for anti-Trichinellavaccines. AttenuatedSalmonella-delivered DNA vaccine provided a prospective approach to controlT.spiralisinfection in food animals.
No effect of a dairy-based, high flavonoid pre-workout beverage on exercise-induced intestinal injury, permeability, and inflammation in recreational cyclists: A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Kung Stephanie , Vakula Michael N. , Kim Youngwook , England Derek L. , Bergeson Janet , Bressel Eadric , Lefevre Michael , Ward Robert 
Published: November 2022

Background
Submaximal endurance exercise has been shown to cause elevated gastrointestinal permeability, injury, and inflammation, which may negatively impact athletic performance and recovery. Preclinical and some clinical studies suggest that flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, may regulate intestinal permeability and reduce chronic low-grade inflammation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental flavonoid intake on intestinal health and cycling performance.

Materials and methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted with 12 cyclists (8 males and 4 females). Subjects consumed a dairy milk-based, high or low flavonoid (490 or 5 mg) pre-workout beverage daily for 15 days. At the end of each intervention, a submaximal cycling trial (45 min, 70% VO2max) was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting (23°C), followed by a 15-minute maximal effort time trial during which total work and distance were determined. Plasma samples were collected pre- and post-exercise (0h, 1h, and 4h post-exercise). The primary outcome was intestinal injury, assessed by within-subject comparison of plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Prior to study start, this trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03427879).

Results
A significant time effect was observed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein and circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α). No differences were observed between the low and high flavonoid treatment for intestinal permeability or injury. The flavonoid treatment tended to increase cycling work output (p = 0.051), though no differences were observed for cadence or total distance.

Discussion
Sub-chronic supplementation with blueberry, cocoa, and green tea in a dairy-based pre-workout beverage did not alleviate exercise-induced intestinal injury during submaximal cycling, as compared to the control beverage (dairy-milk based with low flavonoid content).