bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Structures in Synthetic Poly(Amino Acids): Homo‐ and Copolymers of Poly(Aib), Poly(Glu), and Poly(Asp)
Authors: Rohmer Matthias , Freudenberg Jan , Binder Wolfgang Hubertus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe secondary structure of poly(amino acids) is an excellent tool for controlling and understanding the functionality and properties of proteins. In this perspective article the secondary structures of the homopolymers of oligo‐ and poly‐glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) are discussed. Information on external and internal factors, such as the nature of side groups, interactions with solvents and interactions between chains is reviewed. A special focus is directed on the folding in hybrid‐polymers consisting of oligo(amino acids) and synthetic polymers. Being part of the SFB TRR 102 “Polymers under multiple constraints: restricted and controlled molecular order and mobility” this overview is embedded into the cross section of protein fibrillation and supramolecular polymers. As polymer‐ and amino acid folding is an important step for the utilization and design of future biomolecules these principles guide to a deeper understanding of amyloid fibrillation.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PCP pathway related genes participate in the occurrence and development of neural tube defect
Authors: Liu Yan , Dong Liang , Zhi Xiufang , Liu Yang , Zhao Linsheng , Xu Xiaowei , Wang Lu , Zheng Jie , Pu Linjie , Gu Chunyu , Shu Jianbo , Cai Chunquan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo screen the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions of VANGL and FZD family members related to the plane cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway in neural tube defects (NTDs) patients, so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of NTDs by intervening PCP signal transduction.Methods112 NTDs patients were collected as the case group and 112 craniocerebral trauma patients as control. Afterwards, blood genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced. The distribution of SNP alleles and genotypes between case and control groups was analyzed. Finally, the NTD rat model was constructed, and the effect of SNPs on the expression level of VANGL and FZD genes was verified by qRT‐PCR.ResultsGC genotype was newly found at VANGL1 c.346G>A, as well as AT genotype in FZD6 c.97A>G. The distribution of VANGL1 c.346g>A allele and genotype was statistically different between the case and control groups (p < 0.05). The newly found genotype GC increased the risk of NTDs (OR = 9.918, 95% CI: 1.234%–79.709%). The results of qRT‐PCR showed that the expression level of FZD6 in E11 NTD fetuses were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference in the expression of VANGL1.ConclusionWe found a new variant of VANGL1 c.346G>A, whose GC genotype might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NTDs. The SNPs of VANGL1 had no significant effect on its expression level, indicating that it may induce NTDs through other ways. FZD6 was significantly overexpressed in NTDs fetuses.
Efficacy of perineal electrical stimulation in men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yıldız Necmettin , Çelen Sinan , Özlülerden Yusuf , Alkan Hakan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of perineal electrical stimulation (ES) on anxiety, depression, incontinence‐related quality of life (QoL), and clinical parameters in men with urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsFifty‐eight men with UI after RP were randomized into two groups using the random numbers generator as follows: Group 1 received perineal ES (n:29), and Group 2 no treatment (n:29). Perineal ES was performed in lithotomy position via a stimulation device (Enraf Myomed 632) with surface electrodes, 3 days a week, 20 min a day, for a total of 24 sessions for 8 weeks. Men were evaluated in terms of continence rates (primary outcome), incontinence severity (24 h‐pad test), incontinence episodes (3‐day bladder diary), anxiety‐depression (HADS), QoL (IIQ‐7), and improvement rates and treatment satisfaction (Likert scale) at the baseline and the end of treatment (8th week).ResultsA statistically significant improvement was found in all parameters except depression in Group 1, in the severity of incontinence and QoL parameters in Group 2 at the 8th week compared to the baseline values (p < 0.05). At the end of treatment; the severity of incontinence, incontinence episodes, QoL, and anxiety were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of depression (p > 0.05). The continence and improvement rates and treatment satisfaction were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05).ConclusionPerineal ES is more effective than no treatment in men with UI after RP as an alternative ES option that is well tolerated and does not produce serious adverse events. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05236140.
Nurses' perspective on team learning in interprofessional teams
Authors: Anselmann Veronika , Disque Hannah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to find out what learning activities in interprofessional teams and what influencing factors for team learning activities in interprofessional teams can be described by nurses working in interprofessional teams.DesignWe conducted a descriptive interview study.MethodsWe used a semi‐structured interview guideline and interviewed 10 nurses (N = 10) working in interprofessional teams. We analyzed our data using a qualitative content analysis.ResultsNurses describe team learning activities of knowledge sharing, team reflection, and storing and retrieving. Furthermore, our results show that team stability is important for interprofessional teams.Patient or Public ContributionOur results can be helpful for hospitals to improve organizational structures that help interprofessional teams to work together. Furthermore, vocational education and training for nurses should offer possibilities for nursing students to learn together with students of other fields
Disease perception and experience in people with diabetic retinopathy: A qualitative study
Authors: Fan Chunmei , Liu Yuzhao , Huai Baosha , Sheng Yuan , Wu Tinglan , Gao Wei , Chen Hongmei , Wang Hong , Wang Yangang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of people with diabetic retinopathy and to understand the impact of the disease on them including the practical problems faced in the day‐to‐day life.DesignDescriptive qualitative research.MethodsA convenience sample of 11 patients with diabetic retinopathy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospitals in Shandong province of China were enrolled. Data were collected using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. The six‐stage thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke was used for data analysis.ResultsThree themes and 12 sub‐themes were extracted, namely: countdown to darkness (lack of disease knowledge, bystander's perspective, distrust of grassroots hospitals); Endless abyss (action restrictions, social isolation, stigma, lost of meaning in life, catastrophizing explanations, a heavy burden); Light chaser (craving for light, turning points in behaviour, self‐adjustment).
A multistep collocation method for solving advection equations with delay
Authors: Sadeghi Bahareh , Maleki Mohammad , Kamali Zeinab , Almasieh Homa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvection equations with delay are appeared in the modeling of the dynamics of structured cell populations. In this article, we construct an efficient two‐dimensional multistep collocation method for the numerical solution of a class of advection equations with delay. Equations with aftereffect and equations with both aftereffect and retardation of a state variable are considered. Computability of the algorithm and convergence properties of the proposed numerical method are analyzed for solutions in appropriate Sobolev spaces, and it is shown that the proposed scheme enjoys the spectral accuracy. Numerical examples are given and comparison with other existing methods in the literature is made to demonstrate the efficiency, superiority and high accuracy of the presented method.
A general approach to calculate the stiffness tensor of short‐fiber composites using the fabric tensor determined by X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: De Pascalis Fabio , Lionetto Francesca , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Nacucchi Michele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a general method to predict the stiffness tensor of short‐fiber composites as a function of the fabric tensor (i.e. the tensor describing the architectural anisotropy of the micro‐structure), determined by X‐ray computed tomography, is presented. The proposed method does not depend on the type of fabric tensor used to characterize the symmetry properties of the composite. The experimental data used for method validation were obtained from thermoplastic composite matrices reinforced with short carbon and basalt fibers. The components of the stiffness tensor were calculated using the Mori‐Tanaka model and the Halpin‐Tsai equation for the stiffness of aligned short‐fiber composites, but other micromechanics models could be used as well. The statistical alignment of the fibers in each portion of the sample was measured by determining the principal axes of the fabric tensor. The average properties calculated on sub‐volumes provided moduli values in very good agreement with those determined experimentally. This approach is very general and easy to implement and does not need any numerical analysis tools.
Study on the spatial distribution of coumarins in Angelica dahurica root by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI
Authors: Gao Hui , Li Qian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe main chemical components of Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. are coumarins and volatile oils, and coumarins are regarded as the representative constituents with various pharmacological effects.ObjectiveBased on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐TOF‐MSI), a method for spatial distribution analysis of coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica was established. Also, spatial visualization of coumarins in the roots of A. dahurica was realized.Materials and Methodsα‐Cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 9‐aminoacridine were used as matrices. MALDI‐TOF‐MSI was employed to analyze the standards of imperatorin, oxypeucedanin, and osthole. Based on the higher sensitivity and repeatability of MALDI‐TOF‐MSI, the CHCA matrix was selected. The matrix was used for MALDI‐TOF‐MSI in positive mode to analyze the distribution of coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica.ResultsIn total, 37 coumarins were detected in primary root and 36 coumarins were detected in lateral root by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI. The results showed that the coumarin content in primary root was higher than that in lateral root. Coumarins in primary root of A. dahurica were concentrated in the periderm, cortex, and phloem, whereas coumarins in lateral roots were concentrated in the phloem.ConclusionThe coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica were directly analyzed without extraction and isolation, and the spatial distribution of coumarins was comprehensively visualized for the first time by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI, which provided a basis for distinguishing primary root and lateral root.
Lead exposure from general aviation emissions in the UK: A review and call for action
Authors: Mills Ashley , Peckham Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLeaded fuel emissions exposed a global population of children to lead and its profound health consequences. Recognition of its harms precipitated a global phase out and replacement with unleaded substitutes for road vehicles. Despite this widespread recognition and action, aviation fuel for piston engine aircraft still contains lead. Leaded aviation fuel (AVGAS100LL) contains 0.56 g of tetraethyl lead (TEL) per litre and this lead must be jettisoned from the engine during operation to prevent fouling. This action distributes lead and lead compounds into the air and soil around general aviation airports. This has been shown to increase the blood lead levels (BLLs) of children living nearby to clinically significant levels. Whilst this problem is recognised by the EPA in the United States, it has received little attention in the United Kingdom. We provide a review of the situation in the United Kingdom with regard to the current policy and regulation framework. We analysed the UK's general aviation airport fleet, general avation airport data and GB residential address data. We estimate the unleaded‐readiness of the UK aviation fleet and the current usage of fuels at UK general aviation airports. We provide a first‐order estimate of the number of residential addresses exposed to lead near general aviation airports. We find that the majority of aviation fuel sold in the United Kingdom is leaded and that there are 370,632 residences within 4 km of a general aviation airport at risk from exposure to lead emissions. Finally, we present a path forward for regulation change and public health monitoring.
Impact of the similarity functions of surface layer parametrization in a climate model over the Indian region
Authors: Namdev Prabhakar , Sharan Maithili , Mishra Saroj K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImpact of the similarity functions of surface layer parametrization in National Centre for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (NCAR‐CAM5) is examined over the Indian region. The surface layer parametrization is based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), which uses momentum and heat similarity functions to parametrize surface turbulent fluxes. In the present study, some of the well‐established similarity functions under stable as well as unstable stratification have been incorporated in the surface layer scheme of NCAR‐CAM5. Eight simulations have been conducted using different similarity functions with and without a limit on stability parameter along with the simulation using the default surface layer scheme. The impact of the incorporated functions on surface fluxes, near‐surface variables, and precipitation has been assessed in this climate model over different climatic zones for the boreal winter and summer seasons. The model represents the timing of diurnal variation of 2 m temperature and turbulent fluxes accurately with higher correlation in all simulations, but the performance of the schemes is found to be sensitive to the climatic zones and seasons. During the winter season, most of the schemes overestimate the night‐time surface air temperature over different climatic zones, but the simulation having a model performance index (MPI) of about 0.91 alleviates the bias. Under unstable stratification, the default scheme performs better than incorporated schemes in the winter season, whereas in boreal summer under unstable (stable) stratification, the incorporated functional form having an MPI of about 0.94 (0.97) does better than default and other schemes. As the performance of the functions is spatially and temporally dependent, based on the region and season of interest, the schemes may judiciously be chosen for the climate simulations.
A new p‐control chart with measurement error correction
Authors: Chen Li‐Pang , Yang Su‐Fen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractControl charts are important tools to monitor quality of products. One of useful applications is to monitor the proportion of non‐conforming products. However, in practical applications, measurement error is ubiquitous and may occur due to false records or misclassification, which makes the observed proportion different from the underlying true proportion. It is also well‐known that ignoring measurement error effects provides biases, and is expected that the resulting control charts may incur wrong detection. In this paper, we study this important problem and propose a valid method to correct for measurement error effects and obtain error‐eliminated control chart for the proportion of non‐conforming products. In addition, unlike traditional approaches, the corrected EWMA p‐control chart provides asymmetric control limits and is flexible to handle the data with small sample size. Numerical results are conducted to justify the validity of the corrected EWMA p‐control chart and verify the necessity of measurement error correction.
The role of vector boson fusion in the production of heavy vector triplets at the LHC and HL-LHC
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Martonhelyi Timothy , Thamm Andrea , Torre Riccardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We clarify the role of vector boson fusion (VBF) in the production of heavy vector triplets at the LHC and the HL-LHC. We point out that the presence of VBF production leads to an unavoidable rate of Drell-Yan (DY) production and highlight the subtle interplay between the falling parton luminosities and the increasing importance of VBF production as the heavy vector mass increases. We discuss current LHC searches and HL-LHC projections in di-boson and di-lepton final states and demonstrate that VBF production outperforms DY production for resonance masses above 1 TeV in certain regions of the parameter space. We define two benchmark parameter points which provide competitive production rates in vector boson fusion.
The 4d/2d correspondence in twistor space and holomorphic Wilson lines
Authors: Bu Wei , Casali Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We give an explicit realization of the 4d local operator / 2d conformal block correspondence of Costello and Paquette in the case of gauge theories. This is accomplished by lifting the 4d local operators to non-local operators in twistor space using a holomorphic generalization of the Wilson line. This procedure automatically constructs the 2d conformal blocks corresponding to the local operator. We interpret this lifting as effectively integrating out the 2d degrees of freedom living on the defect. We present some 2d chiral CFT representation of the defect algebra whose correlators reproduce the conformal blocks obtained by the lifting procedure.
What is the ability of inflamed endothelium to uptake exogenous saturated fatty acids? A proof-of-concept study using spontaneous Raman, SRS and CARS microscopy
Authors: Borek-Dorosz Aleksandra , Pieczara Anna , Czamara Krzysztof , Stojak Marta , Matuszyk Ewelina , Majzner Katarzyna , Brzozowski Krzysztof , Bresci Arianna , Polli Dario , Baranska Malgorzata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndothelial cells (EC) in vivo buffer and regulate the transfer of plasma fatty acid (FA) to the underlying tissues. We hypothesize that inflammation could alter the functionality of the EC, i.e., their capacity and uptake of different FA. The aim of this work is to verify the functionality of inflamed cells by analyzing their ability to uptake and accumulate exogenous saturated FA. Control and inflammatory human microvascular endothelial cells stimulated in vitro with two deuterium-labeled saturated FA (D-FA), i.e., palmitic (D31-PA) and myristic (D27-MA) acids. Cells were measured both by spontaneous and stimulated Raman imaging to extract detailed information about uptaken FA, whereas coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and fluorescence imaging showed the global content of FA in cells. Additionally, we employed atomic force microscopy to obtain a morphological image of the cells. The results indicate that the uptake of D-FA in inflamed cells is dependent on their concentration and type. Cells accumulated D-FA when treated with a low concentration, and the effect was more pronounced for D27-MA, in normal cells, but even more so, in inflamed cells. In the case of D31-PA, a slightly increased uptake was observed for inflamed cells when administered at higher concentration. The results provide a better understanding of the EC inflammation and indicate the impact of the pathological state of the EC on their capacity to buffer fat. All the microscopic methods used showed complementarity in the analysis of FA uptake by EC, but each method recognized this process from a different perspective.
Linear Stability of Semiclassical Theories of Gravity
Authors: Meda Paolo , Pinamonti Nicola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe linearization of semiclassical theories of gravity is investigated in a toy model, consisting of a quantum scalar field in interaction with a second classical scalar field which plays the role of a classical background. This toy model mimics also the evolution induced by semiclassical Einstein equations, such as the one which describes the early universe in the cosmological case. The equations governing the dynamics of linear perturbations around simple exact solutions of this toy model are analyzed by constructing the corresponding retarded fundamental solutions, and by discussing the corresponding initial value problem. It is shown that, if the quantum field which drives the back-reaction to the classical background is massive, then there are choices of the renormalization parameters for which the linear perturbations with compact spatial support decay polynomially in time for large times, thus indicating stability of the underlying semiclassical solution.
Hepatic Acat2 overexpression promotes systemic cholesterol metabolism and adipose lipid metabolism in mice
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Huang Zhengyun , Zhang Chi , Liu Xiangpeng , Zhang Jie , Shu Hui , Ma Yue , Liu Zhiwei , Feng Yu , Chen Xiyue , Kuang Shihuan , Zhang Yong , Jia Zhihao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase (ACAT), also known as acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, catalyses the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and forms part of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Thus, ACAT plays a central role in cholesterol metabolism in a variety of cells. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of hepatic Acat2 overexpression on cholesterol metabolism and systemic energy metabolism.

Methods
We generated liver-targeted adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) to achieve hepatic Acat2 overexpression in mice. Mice were injected with AAV9 through the tail vein and subjected to morphological, physiological (body composition, indirect calorimetry, treadmill, GTT, blood biochemistry, cardiac ultrasonography and ECG), histochemical, gene expression and metabolomic analysis under normal diet or feeding with high-fat diet to investigate the role of ACAT2 in the liver.

Results
Hepatic Acat2 overexpression reduced body weight and total fat mass, elevated the metabolic rate, improved glucose tolerance and lowered the serum cholesterol level of mice. In addition, the overexpression of Acat2 inhibited fatty acid, glucose and ketone metabolic pathways but promoted cholesterol metabolism and changed the bile acid pool and composition of the liver. Hepatic Acat2 overexpression also decreased the size of white adipocytes and promoted lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, hepatic Acat2 overexpression protected mice from high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and metabolic defects

Conclusions/interpretation
Our study identifies an essential role for ACAT2 in cholesterol metabolism and systemic energy expenditure and provides key insights into the metabolic benefits of hepatic Acat2 overexpression. Thus, adenoviral Acat2 overexpression in the liver may be a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolaemia.

Graphical abstract