bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative risk of blindness and vision-threatening ocular comorbidities in patients with Behçet’s disease versus the general population
Authors: Choi Se Rim , Shin Joo Young , Shin Anna , Choung Hokyung , Woo Se Joon , Park Sang Jun , Ha You-Jung , Lee Yun Jong , Lee Eun Bong , Park Jin Kyun , Kang Eun Ha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To compare the risk of blindness and vision-threatening ocular comorbidities in patients with Behçet’s disease (BD) vs the general population.

Methods
Using 2002–2017 Korea National Health Insurance Service database, we did a population-based cohort study comparing newly diagnosed BD patients and age- and sex-matched non-BD controls at a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome was blindness, defined as a best-corrected visual acuity of ≤20/500 in the better-seeing eye. Secondary outcomes were vision-threatening ocular comorbidities (cataract, glaucoma and retinal disorders) that require surgical interventions and incident uveitis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. We performed subgroup analyses by sex and BD diagnosis age.

Results
We included 31 228 BD patients and 156 140 controls. During a follow-up of 9.39 years, the incidence rate of blindness per 1000 person-years was 0.24 in BD and 0.02 in controls with an HR of 10.73 (95% CI 7.10, 16.22). The HR for secondary outcomes was 2.06 (95% CI 1.98, 2.15) for cataract surgery, 5.43 (4.57, 6.45) for glaucoma surgery and 2.71 (2.39, 3.07) for retinal surgery. The HR of incident uveitis was 6.19 (95% CI 5.83, 6.58). Males suffered a disproportionately higher risk of blindness than females due to greater severity rather than a lower incidence of uveitis. The risk of uveitis and blindness decreased as BD diagnosis age increased.

Conclusions
In this large population-based cohort study, BD patients compared with the general population have a 10.73-fold risk of blindness in 10 years and also a substantially higher risk of diverse ocular comorbidities that pose potential threats to vision.
Telescoping Error in Recalled Food Consumption: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Gashaw T , de Brauw Alan , Gibson John , Hirvonen Kalle , Wolle Abdulazize 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTelescoping errors occur if survey respondents misdate events from outside the reference period and include them in their recall. Concern about telescoping influenced the design of early Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys, which used a two-visit interview format to bound food consumption recall. This design fell out of favor although not for evidence-based reasons. To measure the extent of telescoping bias on food consumption measures, a survey experiment was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, randomly assigning households to either a two-visit bounded recall or a single visit unbounded recall. The average value of reported food consumption is 16 percent higher (95 percent CI: 7.4–25.9) in the unbounded single visit recall relative to the two-visit bounded recall. Most of the error is explained by difference in reported spending on less frequently consumed, protein-rich foods, so apparent food security indicators based on household diet diversity are likely overstated with unbounded recall.
Reduction of Rhizoctonia cerealis Infection on Wheat Through Host- and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing of an Orphan Secreted Gene
Authors: Li Xiang , Mu Keqing , Yang Shuqing , Wei Jiajing , Wang Congnawei , Yan Weiyi , Yuan Fengping , Wang Haiying , Han Dejun , Kang Zhensheng , Zeng Qingdong 
Published: September 2022

Rhizoctonia cerealis is a soilborne fungus that can cause sharp eyespot in wheat, resulting in massive yield losses found in many countries. Due to the lack of resistant cultivars, fungicides have been widely used to control this pathogen. However, chemical control is not environmentally friendly and is costly. Meanwhile, the lack of genetic transformation tools has hindered the functional characterization of virulence genes. In this study, we attempted to characterize the function of virulence genes by two transient methods, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which use RNA interference to suppress the pathogenic development. We identified ten secretory orphan genes from the genome. After silencing these ten genes, only the RcOSP1 knocked-down plant significantly inhibited the growth of R. cerealis. We then described RcOSP1 as an effector that could impair wheat biological processes and suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity in the infection process. These findings confirm that HIGS and SIGS can be practical tools for researching R. cerealis virulence genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Do’s and Don’ts in Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of the Proximal Femur in Children and Adolescents: Retrospective Multicenter EPOS Study of 79 Patients
Authors: van Geloven Thomas P.G. , van der Heijden Lizz , Laitinen Minna K. , Campanacci Domenico A. , Döring Kevin , Dammerer Dietmar , Badr Ismail T. , Haara Mikko , Beltrami Giovanni , Kraus Tanja , Scheider Philipp , Soto-Montoya Camilo , Umer Masood , Fiocco Marta , Coppa Valentino , de Witte Pieter B. , van de Sande Michiel A.J. ,   the EPOS Study Group
Published: September 2022

Background:
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are rare benign cystic bone tumors, generally diagnosed in children and adolescents. Proximal femoral ABCs may require specific treatment strategies because of an increased pathologic fracture risk. As few reports are published on ABCs, specifically for this localization, consensus regarding optimal treatment is lacking. We present a large retrospective study on the treatment of pediatric proximal femoral ABCs.

Methods:
All eligible pediatric patients with proximal femoral ABC were included, from 11 tertiary referral centers for musculo-skeletal oncology (2000-2021). Patient demographics, diagnostics, treatments, and complications were evaluated. Index procedures were categorized as percutaneous/open procedures and osteosynthesis alone. Primary outcomes were: time until full weight-bearing and failure-free survival. Failure was defined as open procedure after primary surgery, >3 percutaneous procedures, recurrence, and/or fracture. Risk factors for failure were evaluated.

Results:
Seventy-nine patients with ABC were included [mean age, 10.2 (±SD4.0) y, n=56 male]. The median follow-up was 5.1 years (interquartile ranges=2.5 to 8.8).
Index procedure was percutaneous procedure (n=22), open procedure (n=35), or osteosynthesis alone (n=22). The median time until full weight-bearing was 13 weeks [95% confidence interval (CI)=7.9-18.1] for open procedures, 9 weeks (95% CI=1.4-16.6) for percutaneous, and 6 weeks (95% CI=4.3-7.7) for osteosynthesis alone (P=0.1). Failure rates were 41%, 43%, and 36%, respectively. Overall, 2 and 5-year failure-free survival was 69.6% (95% CI=59.2-80.0) and 54.5% (95% CI=41.6-67.4), respectively. Risk factors associated with failure were age younger than 10 years [hazard ratios (HR)=2.9, 95% CI=1.4-5.8], cyst volume >55 cm3 (HR=1.7, 95% CI=0.8-2.5), and fracture at diagnosis (HR=1.4, 95% CI=0.7-3.3).

Conclusions:
As both open and percutaneous procedures along with osteosynthesis alone seem viable treatment options in this weight-bearing location, optimal treatment for proximal femoral ABCs remains unclear. The aim of the treatment was to achieve local cyst control while minimizing complications and ensuring that children can continue their normal activities as soon as possible. A personalized balance should be maintained between undertreatment, with potentially higher risks of pathologic fractures, prolonged periods of partial weight-bearing, or recurrences, versus overtreatment with large surgical procedures, and associated risks.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Pelvic Nonresponse Following Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity: Influence of Realignment Strategies on Occurrence
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Pierce Katherine E. , Williamson Tyler K. , Krol Oscar , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Vira Shaleen , Line Breton , Diebo Bassel G. , Ames Christopher P. , Kim Han Jo , Smith Justin S. , Chou Dean , Daniels Alan H. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Burton Douglas C. , Kelly Michael P. , Klineberg Eric O. , Hart Robert A. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , Gupta Munish C. ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: September 2022

Purpose.
Despite adequate correction, the pelvis may fail to readjust, deemed pelvic nonresponse (PNR). To assess alignment outcomes [PNR, proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), postoperative cervical deformity (CD)] following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery utilizing different realignment strategies.

Materials and Methods.
ASD patients with two-year data were included. PNR defined as undercorrected in age-adjusted pelvic tilt (PT) at six weeks and maintained at two years. Patients classified by alignment utilities: (a) improvement in Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab sagittal vertical axis, (b) matching in age-adjusted pelvic incidence−lumbar lordosis, (c) matching in Roussouly, (d) aligning Global Alignment and Proportionality (GAP) score. Multivariable regression analyses, controlling for age, baseline deformity, and surgical factors, assessed rates of PNR, PJK, and CD development following realignment.

Results.
A total of 686 patients met the inclusion criteria. Rates of postoperative PJK and CD were not significant in the PNR group (both P>0.15). PNR patients less often met substantial clinical benefit in Oswestry Disability Index by two years [odds ratio: 0.6 (0.4–0.98)]. Patients overcorrected in age-adjusted pelvic incidence−lumbar lordosis, matching Roussouly, or proportioned in GAP at six weeks had lower rates of PNR (all P<0.001). Incremental addition of classifications led to 0% occurrence of PNR, PJK, and CD. Stratifying by baseline PT severity, Low and moderate deformity demonstrated the least incidence of PNR (7.7%) when proportioning in GAP at six weeks, while severe PT benefited most from matching in Roussouly (all P<0.05).

Conclusions.
Following ASD corrective surgery, 24.9% of patients showed residual pelvic malalignment. This occurrence was often accompanied by undercorrection of lumbopelvic mismatch and less improvement of pain. However, overcorrection in any strategy incurred higher rates of PJK. We recommend surgeons identify a middle ground using one, or more, of the available classifications to inform correction goals in this regard.

Level of Evidence.
III.
Supporting Reading Aloud Beginning Prenatally and in Early Infancy: A Randomized Trial in Brazil
Authors: Piccolo Luciane R. , Batista Araujo Oliveira João , Hirata Guilherme , Duarte Neto Walfrido , Mendelsohn Alan L. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
A previous study of a reading aloud intervention in Brazil, called Universidade do Bebê (UBB), demonstrated impacts on parenting and child outcomes for families with toddlers and preschoolers, even for parents with low literacy, and cognitive stimulation mediated effects on child outcomes. In a new study, we sought to determine whether similar results would be found when UBB was provided beginning in pregnancy through early toddlerhood, including (1) impacts on parenting and child development, (2) variation in impact on parenting and child outcomes by parent literacy level, and (3) indirect impacts on child outcomes through cognitive stimulation.

Method:
Women with low income who were either pregnant or with children aged 0 to 24 months were randomized to UBB or control groups. UBB consisted of monthly workshops focused on reading aloud complemented by a book-lending library. Participants were evaluated at baseline and approximately 11 months later (M = 11.0, SD = 0.4; range 9.9–12.2 months) on parenting (cognitive stimulation, beliefs about early reading, screen time, and discipline) and child development.

Results:
Four hundred families (n = 200 UBB) were randomized; 286 (71.5%; n = 150 UBB) received 11-month follow-up. UBB families showed increased cognitive stimulation (Cohen's d = 0.92) and awareness about the importance of early reading (d = 0.90) than controls, with no differences by parent literacy level. UBB was associated with reduced screen time and increased vocabulary, but only for families with low parent literacy. UBB effects on child outcomes were mediated by cognitive stimulation.

Conclusion:
The findings support implementation of reading aloud programs beginning in pregnancy and early childhood.
The Role of Preoperative Imaging in the Detection of Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Test Meta-analysis
Authors: Rooney Siobhan , Meyer Jeremy , Afzal Zeeshan , Ashcroft James , Cheow Heok , DePaepe Katja , Powar Michael , Simillis Constantinos , Wheeler James , Davies Justin , Joshi Heman 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Different techniques exist for the imaging of lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of pelvic MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT, and 18F-FDG-PET/MRI for the identification of lateral lymph node metastases in rectal cancer.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources include PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.

STUDY SELECTION:
All studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of pelvic MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT, and 18F-FDG-PET/MRI for the preoperative detection of lateral lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer were selected.

INTERVENTIONS:
The interventions were pelvic MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT, and/or 18F-FDG-PET/MRI.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Definitive histopathology was used as a criterion standard.

RESULTS:
A total of 20 studies (1,827 patients) were included out of an initial search yielding 7,360 studies. The pooled sensitivity of pelvic MRI was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85–0.91), of 18F-FDG-PET/CT was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80–0.86), and of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.51–0.87) for the detection of lateral lymph node metastasis. The pooled specificity of pelvic MRI was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.90), of 18F-FDG-PET/CT was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86–0.98), and of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.78–0.96). The area under the curve was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85–0.91) for pelvic MRI and was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80–0.86) for 18F-FDG-PET/CT.

LIMITATIONS:
Heterogeneity in terms of patients’ populations, definitions of suspect lateral lymph nodes, and administration of neoadjuvant treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
For the preoperative identification of lateral lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer, this review found compelling evidence that pelvic MRI should constitute the imaging modality of choice. In contrast, to confirm the presence of lateral lymph node metastasis, 18F-FDG-PET/MRI modalities allow discarding false positive cases because of increased specificity.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:
CRD42020200319.
Amniotic Membrane Scaffolds Support Organized Muscle Regeneration in A Murine Volumetric Muscle Defect Model
Authors: Awad Mohamed , Kurlander David E. , Kotha Vikas S. , Malone Kevin , Davidson Edward H. , Kumar Anand R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Current treatment for volumetric muscle loss is limited to muscle transfer or acellular collagen scaffold (ACS) therapies that are associated with donor site morbidity and nonfunctional fibrosis, respectively. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of amniotic membrane scaffold (AMS) for volumetric muscle loss treatment.

Methods:
Murine quadriceps defects were created and randomized to three groups (n = 5/group): untreated controls, ACS, and AMS. In vivo muscle regeneration volume was quantified by MRI and microcomputed tomography. Muscle explants were analyzed using standard histology and whole-mount immunofluorescence at 8 weeks.

Results:
The cross-sectional muscle regeneration ratio was 0.64 ± 0.3 for AMS, 0.48 ± 0.07 for ACS, and 0.4 0 ± 0.03 for controls as assessed by MRI (P = 0.09) and 0.61 ± 0.28 for AMS, 0.50 ± 0.06 for ACS, and 0.43 ± 0.04 for controls as assessed by microcomputed tomography (P = 0.2). Histologically, AMS demonstrated significantly higher cellular density (900 ± 2 70 nuclei/high powered field) than ACS (210 ± 36) and control (130 ± 4) groups (P = 0.05). Immunofluorescence for laminin (AMS 623 ± 11 versus ACS 339 ± 3 versus control 115 ± 7; P < 0.01) and myosin heavy chain (AMS 509 ± 7 versus ACS 288 ± 5 versus control 84 ± 5; P = 0.03) indicated greater organized muscle fiber formation with AMS.

Conclusion:
AMS mediated muscle healing was characterized by increased cellular infiltration and organized muscle formation when compared with controls and ACS.
Distal and Proximal Predictors of Rehospitalization Over 10 Years Among Survivors of TBI: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study
Authors: Lercher Kirk , Kumar Raj G. , Hammond Flora M. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Walker William C. , Zafonte Ross D. , Dams-O'Connor Kristen 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To describe the rates and causes of rehospitalization over a 10-year period following a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) diagnostic coding scheme.

Setting:
TBI Model Systems centers.

Participants:
Individuals 16 years and older with a primary diagnosis of TBI.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Main Measures:
Rehospitalization (and reason for rehospitalization) as reported by participants or their proxies during follow-up telephone interviews at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years postinjury.

Results:
The greatest number of rehospitalizations occurred in the first year postinjury (23.4% of the sample), and the rates of rehospitalization remained stable (21.1%-20.9%) at 2 and 5 years postinjury and then decreased slightly (18.6%) at 10 years postinjury. Reasons for rehospitalization varied over time, but seizure was the most common reason at 1, 2, and 5 years postinjury. Other common reasons were related to need for procedures (eg, craniotomy or craniectomy) or medical comorbid conditions (eg, diseases of the heart, bacterial infections, or fractures). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Motor score at time of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation was consistently associated with rehospitalization at all time points. Other factors associated with future rehospitalization over time included a history of rehospitalization, presence of seizures, need for craniotomy/craniectomy during acute hospitalization, as well as older age and greater physical and mental health comorbidities.

Conclusion:
Using diagnostic codes to characterize reasons for rehospitalization may facilitate identification of baseline (eg, FIM Motor score or craniotomy/craniectomy) and proximal (eg, seizures or prior rehospitalization) factors that are associated with rehospitalization. Information about reasons for rehospitalization can aid healthcare system planning. By identifying those recovering from TBI at a higher risk for rehospitalization, providing closer monitoring may help decrease the healthcare burden by preventing rehospitalization.
Clinical and Socioeconomic Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Iceland
Authors: Oskarsson Ymir , Haraldsson Asgeir , Oddsdottir Bryndis Hogna I , Asgeirsdottir Tinna Laufey , Thors Valtyr 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a very common pathogen, causes variable disease severity. In addition to considerable clinical burden on children, their families and healthcare facilities, RSV infections in children also carry significant direct and indirect socioeconomic burden.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 5 consecutive RSV seasons (2015–2020) and used virologically confirmed RSV infections and age <5 years as case definition. Clinical information was retrieved from electronic patient records. Costs were estimated by assuming an annual 30% attack rate and a combination of direct medical costs and calculations of societal costs of lost productivity.

Results:
A total of 716 children younger than 5 years of age had confirmed RSV infection of which 254 needed hospitalizations, most of whom were previously healthy. The median length of admission was 3.6 days and 13 patients needed intensive care. The hospital admission incidence rate was 2.5/1000 children/year, but 9.1 for children younger than 1 years of age. The total annual cost of RSV was estimated at €4.3 million, of which 10% was direct healthcare costs.

Discussion:
The clinical and socioeconomic disease burden of RSV in Iceland is substantial despite slightly lower hospital admission rates than other high-income countries. The prevention of RSV in young children, either through maternal or infant vaccination, has the potential to decrease both clinical and financial impact of the annual epidemics.
Breast Milk and Saliva for Postnatal Cyto†megalovirus Screening among Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Itell Hannah L. , Hartman Erica , Woodford Emily , Dhudasia Miren B. , Steppe Justin T. , Valencia Sarah , Roark Hunter , Wade Kelly C. , Weimer Kristin E. D. , Permar Sallie R. , Puopolo Karen M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The optimal approach to managing postnatal cytomegalovirus disease (pCMV) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants remains unknown. Methods to facilitate screening are needed.

Objective:
Determine whether mother’s milk and infant saliva can be used to reliably identify maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and detect infant pCMV acquisition.

Methods:
This was a single-center, prospective cohort study of VLBW infants, and their mothers, born between 2017 and 2020. Maternal milk samples were tested for CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) using a CMV glycoprotein B binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the results were compared with maternal serum CMV IgG results. Biweekly paired saliva and urine samples were collected from infants born to mothers with positive or unknown CMV serostatus. Saliva samples were tested for CMV DNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared with urine CMV qualitative PCR results obtained from a clinical laboratory.

Results:
Among 108 infants without congenital CMV included in the study, 10 (9%) acquired pCMV. Both milk and blood CMV serology results were available for 70 mothers. Maternal milk antibody testing had a sensitivity of 97.2% (95% CI: 85.5–99.9%) and specificity of 91.2% (95% CI: 76.3–98.1%) in establishing CMV serostatus. Paired serially collected saliva and urine samples (n = 203) were available for 66 infants. Saliva PCR had a sensitivity of 30.0% (95% CI: 6.7–65.2%) and specificity of 92.7% (95% CI: 88.1–96.0%) in detecting pCMV acquisition.

Conclusions:
Maternal breast milk is a reliable alternative sample to determine CMV serostatus. Serial testing of infant saliva was not adequately sensitive for identifying pCMV acquisition in preterm infants.