bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with proton versus intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for nonmetastatic head and neck cancers
Authors: Kim Kristine N. , Harton Joanna , Mitra Nandita , Lukens John N. , Lin Alexander , Amaniera Isabella , Doucette Abigail , Gabriel Peter , Baumann Brian , Metz James , Wojcieszynski Andrzej 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated if proton therapy is associated with decreased acute toxicities compared to intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers.MethodsWe analyzed 580 patients with nonmetastatic head and neck cancers. Primary endpoint was any 90‐day grade ≥3 toxicity, prospectively collected and graded per CTCAEv4. Modified Poisson regression models were used.ResultsNinety‐five patients received proton and 485 IMRT. The proton group had more HPV‐positive tumors (65.6 vs. 58.0%, p = 0.049), postoperative treatment (76.8 vs. 62.1%, p = 0.008), unilateral neck treatment (18.9 vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001) and significantly lower doses to organs‐at‐risk compared to IMRT group. Adjusted for patient and treatment characteristics, the proton group had decreased grade 2 dysgeusia (RR0.67, 95%CI 0.53–0.84, p = 0.004) and a trend toward lower grade ≥3 toxicities (RR0.60, 95%CI 0.41–0.88, p = 0.06).ConclusionsProton therapy was associated with significantly reduced grade 2 dysgeusia and nonstatistically significant decrease in acute grade ≥3 toxicities compared to IMRT.
Validation of the new 2021 EASL algorithm for the noninvasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Canivet Clémence M. , Costentin Charlotte , Irvine Katharina M. , Delamarre Adèle , Lannes Adrien , Sturm Nathalie , Oberti Frederic , Patel Preya J. , Decaens Thomas , Irles‐Depé Marie , Fouchard Isabelle , Hermabessière Paul , Roux Marine , Barthelon Justine , Calès Paul , Powell Elizabeth E. , de Ledinghen Victor , Boursier Jérôme 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) has recently proposed an algorithm for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this algorithm in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Approach and Results:
One thousand fifty‐one patients with NAFLD, liver biopsy, and four noninvasive tests (NITs; Fibrosis‐4 [FIB4], vibration controlled transient elastography [VCTE], FibroMeter, Fibrotest) were included. The enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score was available in 396 patients. A cohort of 230 patients from primary care/diabetes clinics had FIB4, VCTE, and ELF. Compared with the performance of single NITs, agreement between two NITs (FIB4 and VCTE, VCTE and patented serum tests) increased specificity and positive predictive value by 20%, thus justifying the sequential use proposed in the EASL algorithm. The FIB4/VCTE/FibroMeter and FIB4/VCTE/Fibrotest algorithms performed similarly, providing 85% diagnostic accuracy and a liver biopsy requirement rate of only 10%. The FIB4/VCTE/ELF algorithm performed similarly in the subgroup where ELF was available. Simulations of algorithm accuracies at different prevalence showed that positive predictive values rapidly increased, reaching a plateau above 75% starting at 15% prevalence. Negative predictive values remained higher than 90% up to 25% prevalence. The rate of liver biopsy requirement remained stable, increasing by only 5% between low and high prevalence settings. When the EASL algorithm was applied in the primary care/diabetes clinic cohort, liver biopsy requirement was only 3%, and the agreement among the three steps provided 75% positive predictive value.

Conclusions:
Our study validates the algorithm proposed by the EASL in its latest 2021 guidelines for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in the setting of NAFLD.
Recent progress on the modification of high nickel content NCM: Coating, doping, and single crystallization
Authors: Yan Junqing , Huang Hao , Tong Junfan , Li Wei , Liu Xiaohang , Zhang Haoxuan , Huang Heqin , Zhou Weidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh nickel content layered cathodes, represented by NCM (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x + y + z = 1), are now widely employed in the market of electric vehicles, owing to their high energy density. With the gradual increase of nickel content and capacity, the issues on cycling life and safety become more serious. In this review, various strategies for improving the performance of high nickel NCM are summarized on the aspects of surface coating, ionic doping, and single‐crystal NCM. The coating strategy was separately described according to the physical property of coating species, including inert material coating, Li+‐conductor coating, electronic conductor coating, and mixed conductor coating. These coating species help to suppress the interfacial oxidation of electrolytes by NCM, improving the cycling life and safety. The elemental doping in the crystal lattice of NCM is then presented in the aspects of cation, anion, and mixed‐ion doping, which are beneficial to stabilize the layered structure during charge–discharge and so promote the electrochemical performance. In quite recent years, the strategy of single‐crystal NCM was demonstrated to be a promising pathway, owing to the dramatically reduced surface area and grain boundary. Finally, the remaining unsolved challenges and future strategies for further development of NCM cathode materials are outlined.
Sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality among patients managed at King Hussein Cancer Center
Authors: Al‐Ani Abdallah , Amarin Justin Z. , Al‐Huneidy Leen , Al‐Hussaini Maysa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated if female survival advantage trends in cancer are consistent within Jordanian patients with cancer across different age groups and nonsex specific cancer types. We explored the King Hussein Cancer Center registry for primary malignant tumors from 2006 to 2019. The registry (n = 16 454) was stratified into three groups based on age: children (<15 years), adolescents and young adults (AYA) (modified; 15‐49 years), and older adults (≥50 years). Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to estimate the 5‐year all‐site cancer‐specific survival probabilities, which were compared using the log‐rank test by sex and age group. Out of 16 454 eligible records, 2286 (13.9%) were children, 5975 (36.3%) were AYAs, and 8193 (49.8%) were older adults. Males outnumbered females 10 339 (62.8%) to 6115 (37.2%). The 5‐year OS rates were 74.0% (71.6%‐76.4%) and 72.7% (69.9%‐75.5%) for pediatric males and females, respectively, 57.3% (55.6%‐59.0%) and 64.5% (62.6%‐66.4%) for male and female AYAs, respectively, and 37.5% (36.2%‐38.9%) and 44.2% (42.3%‐46.2%) for older adult males and females, respectively. Females demonstrated significantly better overall survival in the AYA and older adults' groups. In conclusion, females exhibit a survival advantage in terms of nonsex specific cancers. This advantage peaks at the AYA age stratum and mitigates thereafter. Further studies are warranted to examine the etiological factors behind such discrepancy on a site‐by‐site basis so that sex‐specific interventions can be designed and validated.
Complete proteomic profiling of regenerative bio‐scaffolds with a two‐step trypsinization method
Authors: Wang Huidan , Sun Wendell Q. , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegenerative bio‐scaffolds, widely used for clinical tissue reconstruction and tissue repairs, are functionally diversified and structurally complex decellularized tissue materials (e.g., extracellular matrix, ECM). ECM is naturally cross‐linked and can be further selectively cross‐linked upon processing. Identification, quantification and bioinformatics functional comparison of all ECM proteins are challenging for regenerative bio‐scaffolds. In this study, we have applied proteomic profiling with a two‐step sequential trypsinization method, and identified and quantified 300–400 constituent proteins in three commercially available regenerative bio‐scaffolds (BioDesign Surgisis, ReGen tissue matrix, and ThormalGEN mesh). These proteins were classified into four categories and 14 subcategories based on their mainly biological function. The main components of regenerative bio‐scaffolds were highly abundant ECM structural proteins, and the minor parts of bio‐scaffolds were lowly abundant, less cross‐linked, functionally more diversified proteins, especially extracellular fluid proteins that were easily solubilized by trypsin. The comparative analysis has revealed large differences in the number, type, abundance and function of identified proteins, as well as the extent of decellularization and cross‐linking among regenerative bio‐scaffolds. So, the proteomic profiling with a two‐step sequential trypsinization method could not only provide the molecular basis to better understand the degradation process of regenerative bio‐scaffolds in vivo and different clinical outcomes among various regenerative bio‐scaffolds, facilitate the exploration of the response mechanisms in the host's early clinical stages of ECM‐induced tissue regeneration that is still poorly understood, but also can be used for optimization of the decellularization and cross‐linking process, product characterization and rational design of new ECM products.
PrEP use and HIV seroconversion rates in adolescent girls and young women from Kenya and South Africa: the POWER demonstration project
Authors: Celum Connie L. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Bekker Linda Gail , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Kidoguchi Lara , Omollo Victor , Rousseau Elzette , Travill Danielle , Morton Jennifer F. , Mogaka Felix , O'Malley Gabrielle , Barnabee Gena , van der Straten Ariane , Donnell Deborah , Parikh Urvi M. , Kudrick Lauren , Anderson Peter L. , Haberer Jessica E. , Wu Linxuan , Heffron Renee , Johnson Rachel , Morrison Susan , Baeten Jared M. ,   the POWER Study Team
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHIV incidence remains high among African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The primary objective of this study is to assess pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation, use, persistence and HIV acquisition among African AGYW offered PrEP in order to inform PrEP scale‐up.MethodsPOWER was a prospective implementation science evaluation of PrEP delivery for sexually active HIV‐negative AGYW ages 16–25 in family planning clinics in Kisumu, Kenya and youth and primary healthcare clinics in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa. Follow‐up visits occurred at month 1 and quarterly for up to 36 months. PrEP users were defined based on the month 1 refill. PrEP persistence through month 6 was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis among AGYW with a month 1 visit, defining non‐persistence as an ≥15 day gap in PrEP availability for daily dosing. PrEP execution was evaluated in a subset with PrEP supply from the prior visit sufficient for daily dosing by measuring blood tenofovir diphosphate (TFV‐DP) levels.ResultsFrom June 2017 to September 2020, 2550 AGYW were enrolled (1000 in Kisumu, 787 in Cape Town and 763 in Johannesburg). Median age was 21 years, 66% had a sexual partner of unknown HIV status, and 29% had chlamydia and 10% gonorrhoea. Overall, 2397 (94%) initiated PrEP and 749 (31%) had a refill at 1 month. Of AGYW who could reach 6 months of post‐PrEP initiation follow‐up, 128/646 (20%) persisted with PrEP for 6 months and an additional 92/646 (14%) had a gap and restarted PrEP. TFV‐DP levels indicated that 47% (91/193) took an average of ≥4 doses/week. Sixteen HIV seroconversions were observed (incidence 2.2 per 100 person‐years, 95% CI 1.2, 3.5); 13 (81%) seroconverters either did not have PrEP dispensed in the study interval prior to seroconversion or TFV‐DP levels indicated <4 doses/week in the prior 6 weeks.ConclusionsIn this study of PrEP integration with primary care and reproductive health services for African AGYW, demand for PrEP was high. Although PrEP use decreased in the first months, an important fraction used PrEP through 6 months. Strategies are needed to simplify PrEP delivery, support adherence and offer long‐acting PrEP options to improve persistence and HIV protection.
Identification of the Structure of Triethanolamine Oxygenation Products in Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis
Authors: Savateev Oleksandr , Zou Yajun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTriethanolamine (TEOA) is one of the most commonly used sacrificial agents in photocatalysis. Due to its more complex structure compared to, for example, ethanol, and its sacrificial role in photocatalysis, it gives a mixture of products. The structures of these molecules are not usually analyzed. Herein, we obtain and isolate the products of TEOA and N‐tert‐butyl diethanolamine oxygenation under photocatalytic conditions with ≈15 % yield, and followingly characterized them by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The reaction is mediated by potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI) in the presence of O2 and affords formyl esters of β‐hydroxyethylene formamides from the corresponding ethanolamines.
Preparation of silica/natural rubber composites by foaming predispersion combined with gas‐phase‐assisted spray technology
Authors: Xiao Yao , Yan Lizhi , Xu Zhenchun , Sui Zhihua , Xue Junxiu , Zhu Donglin , Bian Huiguang , Wang Chuansheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study proposes that the foaming pre‐dispersion technology is combined with the gas‐phase‐assisted spray technology, and a foaming agent potassium oleate is introduced. The volume expansion power generated by the bubbles promotes the dispersion of the filler. The uniformity of foaming promotes the chemical bridging of potassium oleate between rubber and silica. Then, with a large velocity difference between the compressed air and the emulsion, the gas‐phase‐assisted spray gun refines the emulsion and breaks the filler aggregates. Next, the atomized droplets splash on the surface of the high‐temperature roller, and then deposit on it to achieve instant drying, which reduces the loss of non‐rubber components, thereby improving the preparation efficiency and comprehensive properties of masterbatch. The Payne effect of the composite prepared by the FGS technology is weaker. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile product of the vulcanizate prepared by the FGS technology with 7 phr PO have increased by 9%, 5%, and 15%, respectively, and the aging coefficient is 23% higher than that of the dry mixing.
Evidence of efficacy of the Integrated Literacy Study Group professional learning program to enhance reading instruction for students with emotional and behavioral disorders
Authors: Benner Gregory J. , Filderman Marissa J. , Barnard‐Brak Lucy , Pennefather Jordan , Smith Jean Louise M. , Strycker Lisa A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article reports on a pilot study of the Integrated Literacy Study Group, a digitally delivered professional learning intervention to prepare elementary school teachers to provide evidence‐based reading instruction and behavioral strategies to students with or are at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Using broadcast methods, we recruited 72 teachers across five states in the western United States to participate in the randomized controlled trial. Intervention teachers, relative to controls, made significant gains in self‐efficacy and use of the reading and behavioral strategies learned in the professional learning program. Students with or at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders served by participating teachers made significant improvements in academic competence and engagement. Teacher professional learning can improve teacher knowledge of evidence‐based reading and behavioral strategies for students with (or at risk for) emotional and behavioral disorders, teacher self‐efficacy, and teacher practice, with positive impacts on student early literacy and academic competence.
Keeping time in the dark: Potato diel and circadian rhythmic gene expression reveals tissue‐specific circadian clocks
Authors: Hoopes Genevieve M. , Zarka Daniel , Feke Ann , Acheson Kaitlyn , Hamilton John P. , Douches David , Buell C. Robin , Farré Eva M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe circadian clock is an internal molecular oscillator and coordinates numerous physiological processes through regulation of molecular pathways. Tissue‐specific clocks connected by mobile signals have previously been found to run at different speeds in Arabidopsis thaliana tissues. However, tissue variation in circadian clocks in crop species is unknown. In this study, leaf and tuber global gene expression in cultivated potato under cycling and constant environmental conditions was profiled. In addition, we used a circadian‐regulated luciferase reporter construct to study tuber gene expression rhythms. Diel and circadian expression patterns were present among 17.9% and 5.6% of the expressed genes in the tuber. Over 500 genes displayed differential tissue specific diel phases. Intriguingly, few core circadian clock genes had circadian expression patterns, while all such genes were circadian rhythmic in cultivated tomato leaves. Furthermore, robust diel and circadian transcriptional rhythms were observed among detached tubers. Our results suggest alternative regulatory mechanisms and/or clock composition is present in potato, as well as the presence of tissue‐specific independent circadian clocks. We have provided the first evidence of a functional circadian clock in below‐ground storage organs, holding important implications for other storage root and tuberous crops.
Prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions with disease‐specific treatments in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A registry study
Authors: Norell Puck N. , Ivarsson Bodil , Selin Maria , Kjellström Barbro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolypharmacy increases the risk of drug–drug interactions that may disturb treatment effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of codispensing of potentially interacting or contraindicated drugs related to PH‐specific treatment in the Swedish pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) population. All prescribed drugs, on an individual level, dispensed 2016–2017 at pharmacies to patients with PAH or CTEPH were obtained from The National Board of Health and Welfare's pharmaceutical registry. Potential drug–drug interactions were investigated using the Drug Interaction tool in the IBM Micromedex® database. There were 4785 different dispensed drugs from 572 patients (mean age 61 ± 16 years, 61% female, mean number of drugs per patient 8.4 ± 4.2) resulting in 1842 different drug combinations involving a PH‐specific treatment. Of these drug combinations, 67 (3.5%) had a potential drug–drug interaction considered clinically relevant and it affected 232 patients (41%). The PH‐specific drugs with the highest number of potential drug–drug interactions was bosentan (n = 23, affected patients = 171) while the most commonly codispensed, potentially interacting drug combination was sildenafil/furosemide (119 patients affected). Other common codispensed and potentially interacting drugs were anticoagulants (n = 11, affected patients = 100) and antibiotic treatment (n = 12, affected patients = 26). In conclusion, codispensing of PH‐specific therapy and potentially interacting drugs was common, but codispensing of potentially contraindicated drugs was rare.
Electrospray ionization in‐source decay of N‐glycans and the effects on N‐glycan structural identification
Authors: Liew Chia Yen , Chen Jien‐Lian , Ni Chi‐Kung 
Published: July 2022

RationalElectrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) are soft ionization techniques commonly used in mass spectrometry. Although in‐source and post‐source decays of MALDI have been investigated extensively, the analogous decays of ESI have received little attention. Previous studies regarding the analogous decays of ESI focus on the dissociation of multiply charged proteins and peptides. The decay of carbohydrates in ESI has not been investigated yet, and it may have interference in carbohydrate structural determination.MethodsCommercial apparatus, including a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an ESI source, and a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, were used to investigate the fragmentation of several N‐glycans during the ESI process.ResultsAbout 0.2%–3% of neutral N‐glycans and more than 50% of N‐glycans consisting of a sialic acid are dissociated into small N‐glycans by ESI in‐source decay in typical ESI operating conditions. The efficiencies of most dissociation channels increase as the temperature of ion transfer capillary increases, indicating that part of the energy deposited into the precursor ions for cracking is from the heated capillary. The cracking patterns of ESI in‐source decay are slightly different from those of gaseous phase collision‐induced dissociation.ConclusionsLarge N‐glycans are dissociated into small N‐glycans in ESI in‐source decay that may result in the interference of the structural identification of small N‐glycans. Separation of large N‐glycans from small N‐glycans, for example, using HPLC, prior to ESI ionization is necessary to eliminate the interference. This is particularly important when N‐glycans consist of sialic acid or large N‐glycans have much higher concentration than that of small N‐glycans in ESI solution.
Intercomparison study of fragmentation pathways and fragment ion structures for screening of illegal drugs and their novel analogues used to adulterate dietary supplements using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Nam Sook , Choi Hwan Seong , Lim Na Young , Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Hyungil , Baek Sun Young 
Published: July 2022

RationaleAs public interest in health and immunity has increased in recent years, so has the demand for dietary supplements. However, supplements adulterated with illegal drugs and their novel analogues are being sold even as the pharmacological efficacies of these drugs are being advertised. Since the use of these illegal compounds can have serious side effects, they pose a risk to public health. Hence, in this study, we propose a strategy for proactively testing drugs and novel analogues that may be added to dietary supplements illegally.MethodsThe optimal conditions for liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry were explored to determine the fragmentation patterns for 60 compounds. The optimal conditions were established by comparing the areas and heights of the precursor ion peaks at a fragmentor voltage of 125 or 175 V. Furthermore, the optimized spectra were acquired using collision energies of 1 to 50 eV. The energy value was selected based on the condition that the mass error of the precursor ions is 10 ppm or lower.ResultsThe fragmentation pathway of each product ion and its chemical structure were predicted and determined. In addition, the obtained structural information was used to screen 18 seized samples. Based on the precursor ions and the corresponding fragmentation patterns, the unknown compounds present in the samples were identified as desulfonylchlorosildenafil and propoxyphenylthiohydroxy homosildenafil.ConclusionsWe obtained mass spectrometry‐based information for various compounds by predicting the fragmentation pathways and chemical structures of their fragment ions. Subsequently, based on the obtained structural information, we tested several seized samples and were able to detect two novel analogues in four of the samples. Therefore, the proposed approach is suitable for quickly and accurately identifying the unknown compounds detected in real‐world samples.