bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the EVendo score for the prediction of varices in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Alswat Khalid , Alanazi Mohammed , Bashmail Ahmed , Alkhamash Maram , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Al-Hamoudi Waleed , Abdo Ayman A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Screening endoscopy for varices may be deferred when the calculated EVendo score is ≤3.90. This novel score has not been validated in an external cohort. This study aimed to assess the performance of the EVendo score and compare it with the Baveno VI criteria.

Methods:
We identified and calculated this score in all cirrhotic patients who underwent screening endoscopy for the first time with laboratory tests and liver stiffness measurements within 6 months of the endoscopy date.

Results:
In total, 103 patients were included. An EVendo score of ≤3.90 identified patients with no gastroesophageal varices (GEV) and varices needing treatment (VNT) with sensitivities of 82% and 83% and specificities of 57% and 34%, respectively. The negative predictive value for VNT was 94%. A comparison with the Baveno VI criteria in Child–Turcotte–Pugh-A patients showed spared endoscopy and missed VNT rates with EVendo score cutoffs of ≤3.9 and ≤4.5 and the Baveno VI criteria of 25%, 33%, and 16.6% and 1.7%, 1.7%, and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions:
EVendo score is reliable in clinical practice for predicting GEV and VNT. The number of spared endoscopies was higher than that with the Baveno VI criteria; however, there were more missed VNT cases.
Challenges of Hospital Oxygen Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Navin , Nepal Shristi , Pinder Richard J. , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Oxygen support remains essential for treatment of acute and severe manifestations of COVID-19. In Nepal, like many other low-resource settings, medical oxygen availability was inadequate before the pandemic. The mid-2021 wave of COVID-19 transmission starkly exposed the supply–demand imbalance of medical oxygen across the country. Pre-pandemic, more complex cases were typically referred to hospitals with better resources; however, during the pandemic, these hospitals were overrun. Therefore, resource-poor health facilities have been attempting to provide greater levels of care. However, we are faced with numerous challenges to provide a proper oxygen supply in these health settings. At a logistical level, complex geographies, sparse infrastructure, and inadequate electricity supply pose challenges. On a provider level, a shortage of trained staff and equipment necessary to administer and monitor medical oxygen creates additional pressures. Recognizing the end of the pandemic is still a long way off in many parts of the world, it is imperative that scalable, sustainable approaches to provisioning oxygen to those in greatest need are considered at a policy level.
Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the extracts and fractions of Ipomoea triloba l. (Convolvulaceae) on selected enteric diarrheagenic bacteria
Authors: Alozie Mfonobong Favour , Ekong Ubong Samuel , Effiong Daniel Ekpa , Udofa Edidiong Jumbo , Akinjogunla Olajide Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Diarrhoea is a leading killer of young children accounting for approximately 8% of all deaths among children ˂ 5 years worldwide and causes neonatal mortality and hospitalization in geriatrics. Ipomoea triloba L. has been claimed to have antidiarrheal properties. This study evaluated antibacterial properties of the ethanol / aqueous extracts and fractions of I. triloba on diarrheagenic bacteria to validate its use in trado-medical treatment of diarrhoea. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of pulverized I. triloba were prepared by cold maceration and phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. Diarrheagenic bacteria were isolated from twenty (20) composite diarrhoeal stool samples by community bioprospecting using appropriate selective and differential media. In vitro antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of I. triloba was determined by the modified agar-well diffusion technique, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by reference standard agar-dilution technique (ADT) after re-incubation of MIC samples at 37o C for 24 h. A total of 74 isolates, belonging to six genera, were identified with their numbers and percentages of occurrence as follows: Escherichia coli, 26 (35.1%), Staphylococcus aureus, 4 (5.4 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9 (12.2%), Shigella dysenteriae, 18 (24.3%), Salmonella typhi, 8 (10.8%) and Vibrio cholera, 9 (12.2%). Flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, carbohydrates and steroids were detected in both extracts. Ethanol extracts (≥30 mm) showed more potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity than aqueous extract (≥18 mm). The MIC and MBC values ranged from 250 to 500 mg/mL and 500 to 1000 mg/mL respectively, thus establishing a time-dependent bactericidal mode of antibacterial activity. The best antibacterial activity was elicited by dichloromethane fraction. From the study, I. triloba possesses antibacterial potentials and may be exploited in the chemotherapy of bacterial diarrhoea.
Formulation and assessment of nutrient contents of complementary foods from fermented, sprouted, and toasted maize-soybean blend
Authors: Ademulegun T.L. , Alebiosu T , Adedayo O.E. , Abraham M.L. , Olanrewaju O.I. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Provision of quality complementary foods is one of the fundamental ways of fostering the all-around development of a child and preventing long-term nutritional problems.
Objective: The study assessed the nutrient contents of formulated complementary foods from fermented, sprouted and toasted maize-soybean blend
Methods: Maize and Soybean were purchased from Kings Market in Owo Local Government while a commercial complementary food was purchased from Ceci supermarket, Akure Ondo state. The two grains were subjected to sprouting, toasting and fermentation, and the grains were ground into flours and then formulated into nine (9) different blends using the ratio 70:30 for maize and soybean flour respectively. Samples were analysed for proximate and mineral contents while sensory evaluation was carried out using a 9-point hedonic scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. The difference is considered statistically significant at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the protein, fat, and energy contents of sprouted, toasted, and fermented products ranged (15.67% to 20.39%), (9.79-15.18g), and (435.96kcal/g to 469.69kcal/g) respectively. These values were higher than the protein and energy content of the control sample of 15%, 9%, and 398kcal/g respectively. The protein value of any of the blends was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the WHO recommendations of 9.1-13g/day but lower in mineral content. Likewise, iron and iodine were significantly (P˂0.05) higher in the blends than the commercial food
Conclusion: The results showed that maize-soy blends contained a high amount of protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, iodine, and potassium irrespective of the processed method adopted and can provide better nutrition for infants during complementary feeding.
Evaluation of the chemical composition and sensory properties of soursop (Annona muricata) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit juices and blends
Authors: Henry-Unaeze H.N. , Daniel C.F. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Fresh fruits contain numerous nutrients that are essential for good health. Their highly perishable nature and prevalent poor preservation methods contribute to enormous losses in national income. The combination of different fruits in juice making will reduce spoilage, increase fruit intake, nutrient density and variety in food consumption.
Objective: The study evaluated the chemical composition and sensory properties of juices and blends prepared from Soursop (Annona muricata) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruits.
Materials and methods: Fresh Soursop (S) and Water melon (W) fruits were purchased from Ndioro market in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State Nigeria. The fruits were washed with clean tap water and systematically processed into juices. The juices were formulated into blends of 70W%: 30%S (500), 30%W: 70%S (501), 50%W: 50%S (502), 100%W (503), 100%S (504); and analyzed for nutrient composition and organoleptic properties using standard procedures. Data obtained was subjected to variance analysis, means differences ascertained with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test and significant was judged at p < 0.05 using IBM Statistical Package for Service Solution (SPSS) version 21.0
Results: Sample 504 (100% Soursop) had significantly higher carbohydrate (13.21%), protein (0.83%), ash (1.11%), magnesium (32.14mg/100g), sodium (4.81mg/100g), Calcium (73.63mg/100g), potassium (611.14mg/100g), and Vitamin C (148.20mg/100g) content than the other samples. Sample 503 (100%Watermelon) had significantly higher crude fiber (0.21%), fat (0.42%), moisture (86.45%) and Vitamin A (710.34IU) content than other samples. Sample 501 (30%W: 70%S) had appreciable protein (0.77%), ash (0.82%), carbohydrate (12.67%), sodium (4.28%), calcium (69.11mg/100g), potassium (560.72mg/100g), phosphorus (53.25mg/100g), and Vitamin C (131.30mg/100g) second to 504(100% Soursop). Although 503 (100%Watermelon) was rated higher in flavor and color, all blends were generally acceptable to the panelists.
Conclusion: Soursop and Watermelon juices and blends had varied nutrient density and were generally acceptable to the panelists.
Nutrients and antioxidants composition of complementary foods produced from brown local rice, soybean, and tiger nut supplemented with orange-fleshed sweet potato
Authors: Adedayo O.E. , Yisa O.O. , Olanrewaju O.I. , Dele-Olawumi B 
Published: February 2022

Background: Infants care and feeding practices have a major effect on short term and long term nutritional status of children as most of malnutrition is associated with faltering growth that occur during the period complementary feeding.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients and antioxidants composition of complementary food produced from brown local rice, soybean and tiger nut supplemented with orange fleshed sweet potato
Materials and methods: Raw materials and other ingredients used for this study were purchased from Ojakoko in Owo Local Government, Ondo State. Four samples were formulated using brown local rice, soyabean, tigernut and orange flesh sweet potato in different ratios (70:60:50:40, 20:20: 20:20, 5:10:15:20, and 5:10:15:20), respectively. The samples were labeled as RSTO1, RSTO2, RSTO3, and RSTO4. A commercial food was used as control (D). Samples were subjected to chemical analysis according to standard methods. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). ANOVA was used to test for the significant difference among means at P<0.05.
Results: Finding shows that moisture, crude fibre, fat and protein were significantly (p<0.05) higher in sample RSTO3 but, protein content was lower than the value in the control Sample RSTO1 had the highest carbohydrate and ash content among the samples. Vitamin B3, B6 and B9 are significantly (p<0.05) higher in Sample RSTO4, RSTO3, andRSTO1. All the samples have appreciable amount of beta-carotene, flavonoid, total phenol, sodium, calcium and potassium. Sample RSTO3 was exceptionally high in minerals but significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control except for copper and magnesium.
Conclusion: The formulated complementary foods had improved nutrients and antioxidants which can support optimal growth of undernourished children and other age-groups.
Let Him Use You: Southern Womanism, Utterance, and Saint Katharine Drexel's Educational Philosophy
Authors: Morton Berlisha Roketa 
Published: February 2022

As a theoretical perspective and methodological tool, Southern Womanism continues the life-long work of Father Cyprian Davis by acknowledging the African roots of Catholicism and the existence of a Afro-Catholic diaspora. This scholarship invites readers into the Afro-Catholic Diaspora where the histories and experiences of Black Catholics are not isolated incidents, whimsical memories, or anecdotal musings. Instead, they are testimonies to the presence of socio-religious agency in the Black Catholic Community. In the Afro-Catholic Diaspora, Mother Katharine is neither hero nor villain; she is a beloved witness of the movement for self-determined Black Catholic education. And, as a witness to this self-determination, Mother Katharine experienced a shift from being a missionary to unchurched black souls to becoming an accomplice to the holistic survival of Black people -- mind, body, spirit.
Los camélidos fósiles del sitio Toca da Esperança, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Altamirano Alfredo José 
Published: February 2022

El sitio Toca da Esperança, Bahia, es un yacimiento paleontológico que presenta restos de camélidos fósiles com datación del Pleistoceno Medio, entre 295,000 y 250,000 años A.P. La presencia de estos mamíferos permite interpretar sobre la filogenia del Paleolama weddeli y Lama, en el ambiente del Pleistoceno y hurgar aspectos del problema de la ocupación humana. A partir de las observaciones de alteraciones óseas como fracturas, desgastes, marcas de mordedura, incineraciones y ausencia de marcas de corte indican alteraciones tafonómicas y secundariamente antrópicas. Las aparentes formas quemadas son producto de hongos y líquenes que ennegrecen este material. Además, inundaciones y animales carnívoros produjeron fracturas transversales y angulares en los huesos de estos rumiantes y roedores efectuaron desgastes que aparentemente podrían ser confundidas como marcas dejadas por herramientas.
Comparação da produção de serapilheira de dois bosques de mangue com diferentes padrões estruturais na península Bragantina, Bragança, Pará
Authors: Farias Andrea do Socorro Costa , Fernandes Marcus Emanuel Barroncas , Reis Anneken 
Published: February 2022

A estimativa da queda de serapilheira no manguezal é um dos aspectos que devem ser considerados para acessar a produtividade deste ecossistema. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar as taxas de produção total e dos componentes da serapilheira. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido ao longo de um ciclo anual, de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2001, em duas áreas de manguezal: um bosque misto (Avicennia germinans, Rhizophora mangle e Laguncularia racemosa) e um bosque anão (A. germinans). Doze cestas coletoras foram aleatoriamente instaladas no bosque misto e seis no bosque anão. O material acumulado nas cestas foi seco em estufa a 70°C e pesado nos diferentes componentes e por espécie. Os resultados mostraram que a produção anual de serapilheira dos bosques misto e anão foi de 4,93 e 1,89 t.ha-1.ano-1, respectivamente, representando uma diferença significativa (ANOVA, F=24,87; gl=23; p<0,01). Considerando a produção total, folha representou 70,57% para o bosque misto e 87,58% para o bosque anão. A análise de regressão linear entre a precipitação e a produção de serapilheira dos dois bosques, ao longo de um ciclo anual, demonstrou que a produção de serapilheira desses bosques é inversamente proporcional aos índices de precipitação local, corroborando outros trabalhos amazônicos. A grande diferença nas taxas de produção de serapilheira deve-se, certamente, ao padrão estrutural dos bosques de mangue. O desenvolvimento estrutural desses bosques é, por outro lado, um resultado das condições ambientais locais. Por fim, o período de produção do componente folha da serapilheira coincidiu com o período de produção do componente flor, sugerindo uma estratégia na qual as plantas de mangue, na mudança do período seco para o chuvoso, perdem as folhas para investir mais energia na produção de partes reprodutivas e, assim, tentarem garantir a dispersão e o estabelecimento de novos indivíduos.
Efeito de diferentes dietas sobre a muda dos estágios iniciais de Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763) (Decapoda: Ocypodidae)
Authors: Souza Keila Patrícia Mota , Costa Rauquírio Marinho da , Abruhosa Fernando Araújo , Pereira Luci Cajueiro Carneiro 
Published: February 2022

Larvas de algumas espécies de crustáceos são lecitotróficas, completando seus estágios de desenvolvimento larval sem a necessidade de alimentos. Entretanto, a alimentação no estágio de zoea I de Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763) parece ser essencial para suprir as necessidades nutricionais indispensáveis ao complemento de seu desenvolvimento larval. Para comprovar a necessidade de alimento e testar a eficiência de diferentes tipos de dietas sobre as taxas de sobrevivência durante as fases iniciais de zoea, foram aplicados cinco tratamentos, em triplicata, utilizando Thalassiosira weissflogii, Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella viridis, Artemia sp. e Artemia sp. com Thalassiosira weissflogii (tratamentos: Tw, Sc, Dv, A e ATw, respectivamente). Nos cinco tratamentos empregados, os percentuais de larvas que mudaram para o estágio de zoea II foram de 17%, 18,3%, 27%, 58% e 80% para Dv, A, Sc, Tw e ATw, respectivamente. Foi possível verificar que os tratamentos com T. weissflogii (58 %) e Artemia sp. com T. weissflogii (80%) supriram as necessidades nutricionais das larvas zoea I e II, demonstrando que estas espécies planctônicas constituem uma fonte adequada de alimento nestes estágios larvais. Por outro lado, D. viridis não foi nutritivamente adequada para alimentação de zoea I e II de U. cordatus sob as condições experimentais utilizadas.
Osteologia craniana de Penelope superciliaris Temminck, 1815 (Galliformes: Cracidae)
Authors: Marceliano Maria Luiza Videira , Posso Sérgio Roberto , Donatelli Reginaldo José 
Published: February 2022

Penelope superciliaris é endêmica da região Neotropical, pertencente à subfamília Penelopinae, inserida na família Cracidae. Sua posição taxonômica ainda é controversa em relação às espécies congêneres, bem como entre os gêneros pertencentes a esta família, além de pouco se conhecer sobre sua anatomia. Foi proposta neste trabalho a descrição osteológica do crânio de P. superciliaris, visando a ampliar os estudos anatômicos nesta espécie e obter caracteres para uma futura análise sistemática com os demais Cracidae. Não há variação morfológica em P. superciliaris, evidenciando-se um padrão osteológico em que se destacam: parietal reduzido e confinado à porção caudal do teto craniano; processo paraoccipital e lateral paraesfenoidal pouco desenvolvidos; processo supraorbital largo e desenvolvido; processo orbital livre e oblíquo; fossa temporal rasa com desenvolvida aponeurose ossificada; processo zigomático reduzido; ossos da maxila superior não fundidos entre si; abertura nasal ampla e narina holorrina; palato esquizognato; palatinos estreitos e distantes entre si; vômer laminar e bem desenvolvido; ossos da barra jugal não fundidos entre si; parte sinfisial mandibular reduzida; fissura entre os ossos dental e supra-angular; processo medial e retroarticular bem desenvolvidos e alongados, entre outras. Em termos gerais, o padrão atribuído a P. superciliaris pouco diverge, exceto em relação ao tamanho do crânio e das estruturas associadas de outras espécies de Penelope, Ortalis e Pipile, conforme dados em literatura, o que parece justificar o posicionamento destes táxons em categorias comuns sugeridas pela maioria dos autores. Todavia, são necessários estudos osteológicos adicionais entre os Cracidae e uma avaliação sistemática, com base nesses estudos, visando a contribuir para a classificação do grupo.
Variação da composição granulométrica e orgânica do solo em uma topossequência da microrregião de Marabá-PA
Authors: Reis Magda Da Silva , Fernandes Antonio Rodrigues , Grimaldi Catherine , Sarrazin Max , Grimaldi Michel 
Published: February 2022

As transformações nos ecossistemas da Amazônia, que ocorrem desde o processo de colonização, têm sido bastante estudadas, entretanto, pouco se tem considerado as variações das características do solo na paisagem. Com o objetivo de avaliar a variação do solo de uma paisagem da microrregião de Marabá, Pará, foi realizado um estudo envolvendo a composição granulométrica e orgânica do solo. Tenta-se explicar, dessa forma, a variação dessas características em relação aos processos pedogenéticos. Amostras foram coletadas em perfis no topo (Latossolo), encosta (Cambissolo) e baixa vertente (Gleissolo), de uma topossequência com 300 m de extensão cultivada com Brachiaria brizantha. Os resultados monstraram o predomínio de argila no Latossolo e no Cambissolo e de areia no Gleissolo, além de um acúmulo de matéria orgânica em superfície. O aumento nos valores de silte em profundidade são decorrentes da presença da alterita, que aparece em profundidade variável, segundo a classe de solo. A intensidade pedogenética diferenciada em função da declividade e da forma da vertente provocou variações na constituição granulométrica e orgânica do solo, ao longo dos perfis e ao longo da topossequência, que contribuíram para a caracterização de um sistema pedológico, composto de Latossolo, Cambissolo e Gleissolo, de alta para baixa vertente, respectivamente.
Ecologia reprodutiva dos tralhotos Anableps anableps e Anableps microlepis (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) no rio Paracauari, ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Francylenna Lima do , Assunção Maria Ivaneide Da Silva 
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho, são analisados e discutidos a estrutura da população, reprodução e aspectos embrionários de Anableps anableps e A. microlepis coletados no estuário do rio Paracauari, entre 48º 30’ 20” W/ 00º 44’ 36” S e 48º 31’ 12” W/ 00º 43’ 34” S, ilha de Marajó, Pará, no período de agosto de 2001 a abril de 2002. As coletas foram realizadas com redes de arrasto, puçá e tarrafa. Foram coletados e analisados 1.203 exemplares de tralhoto, sendo 901 A. anableps e 302 A. microlepis. As duas espécies se agregam em cardumes de dez a 50 indivíduos, sendo que A. microlepis predomina no verão, quando a água está salobra, e A. anableps no inverno, quando a água está doce. Quanto à proporção sexual, A. anableps apresentou paridade de 1:1; já em A. microlepis, as fêmeas predominaram na razão de 2:1. Em relação ao tamanho, A. anableps (x = 240 mm) é, em média, menor que A. microlepis (x = 270 mm), sendo as fêmeas de cada espécie significativamente maiores que os machos. Ambas as espécies se reproduzem durante o ano todo, com picos reprodutivos em períodos distintos: A. anableps no inverno e A. microlepis no verão. Cada fêmea produz de dez a 31 ovócitos, que, com 1,0 a 1,5 mm de diâmetro, são liberados na cavidade ovariana e, ao chegar até 2,0 mm, aderem-se novamente à parede do ovário, ficando ali até a eclosão. Os embriões são iberados dentro da cavidade ovariana onde completam seu desenvolvimento, vindo nascer aos 45 a 47 mm de comprimento. Apesar de agregadas, cada espécie mantém diferentes estratégias de organização estrutural.
Shark teeth from Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), northeastern Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Costa Sue Anne Regina Ferreira , Richter Martha , Toledo Peter Mann de , Moraes-Santos Heloísa Maria 
Published: February 2022

The shark fauna (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) of Pirabas Formation is one of the most representative and diversified of the Neogene of South America. This fauna is associated with the early Miocene transgression resulting from the global sea level rise. In this paper, the composition of the Pirabas shark fauna is re-evaluated based on new fossil findings. The occurrence of the following taxa is confirmed: Carcharhinus sp.1, Carcharhinus sp.2, Carcharhinuscf. macloti, Carcharhinus priscus, Galeocerdo sp., Sphyrna cf. media, Hemipristis serra, Carcharodon subauriculatus, Isurus sp., Ginglymostoma sp., Nebrius obliquus.