bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with the tendency to awakening during N2 sleep in patients with insomnia disorder
Authors: Guo Yupeng , Zou Guangyuan , Shao Yan , Chen Jie , Li Yuezhen , Liu Jiayi , Yao Ping , Zhou Shuqin , Xu Jing , Hu Sifan , Gao Jia-Hong , Zou Qihong , Sun Hongqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between sleep transition dynamics and stage-specific functional connectivity (FC) of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in patients with insomnia disorder (ID).MethodsSimultaneous electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) data from 37 patients with ID and 30 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recorded during wakefulness and different sleep stages and subsequently analyzed. A Markov chain model was used to estimate the transition probability between each stage. The FC between the ACC (set as the seed) and voxels across the whole brain was calculated. A linear mixed effect model was used to determine the group-by-stage interaction of the seed-based connectivity. The correlation between the sleep-stage transition probability and the ACC-based connectivity was explored.ResultsPatients with ID exhibited a higher likelihood of transitioning from N2 to wakefulness than HCs. A significant group-by-stage interaction of connectivity with the bilateral ACC was observed in the cerebellar, subcortical, and cortical regions. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found in patients with ID between the transition probability from N2 to wakefulness and the FC of the ACC with the anterior cerebellum in N2 (r = 0.48).ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis indicates that enhanced FC between the ACC and cerebellum represents a potential neural pathway underlying the greater likelihood of patients with ID waking during N2 sleep. These findings contribute to an emerging framework that reveals the link between sleep maintenance difficulty and ACC function, further highlighting the possibility that N2 sleep is a therapeutic target for meaningfully reducing sleep disruption.
Prevalence of frequent nightmares and their prospective associations with 1-year psychiatric symptoms and disorders and functioning in young adults: a large-scale epidemiological study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Stephanie M Y , Hui Christy L M , Cheung Vivian K W , Suen Yi Nam , Chan Sherry K W , Lee Edwin H M , Chan Kai Tai , Wong Michael T H , Chen Eric Y H 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesNo study has yet examined the prevalence of frequent nightmares in representative youth populations in Asia and how they may contribute to future mental health risks. We aimed to fill this gap using data from a large-scale household-based youth sample in Hong Kong.MethodsParticipants were consecutively recruited from a large-scale epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong (n = 3132). A subset of participants were invited for a follow-up assessment after 1 year (n = 1154 in the final analyses). Frequent nightmares (≥1/week during the past month) were assessed using an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the contribution of frequent nightmares at baseline to moderate-to-severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and 30-day major depressive episode (MDE) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), both at baseline and follow-up. The long-term functional implications of frequent nightmares were also examined.ResultsThe prevalence of frequent nightmares was 16.3%. Females were more likely to experience frequent nightmares (20.4%) compared to males (12.1%), p &lt; 0.001. Baseline frequent nightmares were significantly associated with all four mental health outcomes at 1 year. Notably, their prospective associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms and 30-day MDE/GAD remained significant even after adjusting for external stressors, resilience, and sociodemographic characteristics. Frequent nightmares were also significantly associated with both current and 1-year functional impairments.ConclusionsFrequent nightmares have significant long-term implications on mental health and functioning. Identifying young adults with frequent nightmares can improve early risk detection and intervention in the population.
Stochastic, individual animal systems simulation model of beef cow–calf production: development and validation
Authors: Aherin Dustin G , Weaber Robert L , Pendell Dustin L , Heier Stamm Jessica L , Larson Robert L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A stochastic, individual animal systems simulation model describing U.S. beef cow–calf production was developed and parameterized to match typical U.S. Angus genetics under cow–calf production conditions in the Kansas Flint Hills. Model simulation results were compared to available actual, multivariate U.S. cow–calf production data reported according to beef cow–calf standardized performance analysis (SPA) methodology through North Dakota State University’s CHAPS program to assess model validity. Individual animal nutrition, reproduction, growth, and health characteristics, as well as production state are determined on a daily time step. Any number of days can be simulated. These capabilities allow for decision analysis and assessment of long-run outcomes of various genetic, management, and economic scenarios regarding multiple metrics simultaneously. Parameterizing the model to match Kansas Flint Hills production conditions for the years 1995 through 2018, 32 different genetic combinations for mature cow weight and peak lactation potential were simulated with 100 iterations each. Sire mature cow weight genetics ranged from 454 to 771 kg in 45 to 46 kg increments. Sire peak lactation genetics were considered at 6.8, 9, 11.3, and 13.6 kg/d for all eight mature cow weights. Utilizing model results for the years 2000 to 2018, raw model results were assessed against actual historical cow–calf production data. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to interpret the underlying factor scores of model output relative to actual cow–calf production data. Comparing modeled herd output with CHAPS herd data, median average calf weaning age, average cow age, percent pregnant per cow exposed, and percent calf mortality per calf born of model output was 3.4 d greater, 0.2 yr greater, 1 percentage point less, and 1.7 percentage points greater, respectively. Subtracting the median CHAPS pre-weaning average daily gain from the median modeled pre-weaning average daily gain for each of the eight respective mature cow weight genetics categories, and then calculating the median of the eight values, the median difference was −0.21 kg/d. Performing the same calculation for birth weight and adjusted 205 d weaning weight, the modeled data was 4.9 and 48.6 kg lighter than the CHAPS data, respectively. Management and genetic details underlying the CHAPS data were unknown.
Effect of a multicarbohydrase containing α-galactosidase in sow lactating diets with varying energy density
Authors: Llamas-Moya Sara , Duong Tri , Petersen Grant I , Bertram Mark J , Kitt Steve J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sow productivity improvements are associated with high energetic demand due to increasing prolificity. The reproductive life and longevity of sows, and the readiness for weaning of the offspring may be impaired when sows loose significant body weight (BW) during lactation. The impact of a multicarbohydrase containing α-galactosidase on a low energy dense lactation diet was evaluated in this study. Two-hundred and eight sows (208 ± 25.2 kg) were blocked by parity and BW to one of four treatments, in which a corn-soybean meal diet was formulated to have varying levels of added fat (0, 1.5%, and 3%) to titrate an energy density model. A fourth treatment replicated the 0% added fat formulation with enzyme supplementation at 250 g/tonne. Sows were weighed individually on entry, post-farrow (by calculation) and at weaning. Daily feed intakes (ADFI) and caloric intake were used for calculation of sow feed efficiency (FE) and caloric efficiency. Litter performance was characterized at birth, and size was standardized within 24h of farrow and within treatment to ensure uniform litter sizes. Average wean weight and pre-weaning mortality were determined. Piglets were weighted individually to study litter weight distribution. Data was analyzed as a randomized completely block design, using sow as the experimental unit, treatment as the main effect, and standardized average weight and litter sizes as covariates where appropriate. Although sows fed a multicarbohydrase had lower standardized litter size (P &lt; 0.001), average wean weight was higher in this group and equivalent to the 3% added fat treatment. Enzyme supplementation tended to reduce the proportion of light weight pigs (BW &lt; 4.1kg) within the litter, when compared with the 0% added fat diet (P &lt; 0.1). The multicarbohydrase tended to increased sow ADFI (P &lt; 0.10), although sows from all treatments had equivalent caloric intakes during lactation (P &gt; 0.1). Enzyme supplementation yielded significant improvements in sow FE (P &lt; 0.01), similar to the 3% added fat group. Thus, the carbohydrase degrading enzyme tested in this study improved the efficiency of sows, while increasing average wean weights of the offspring, suggesting an improvement in nutrient digestion and/or metabolic efficiency from typical lactation diets.
Unsteady slipstream of a train passing through a high-speed railway tunnel with a cave
Authors: Xiong Xiaohui , Cong Rilong , Li Xiaobai , Geng Yutang , Tang Mingzan , Zhou Shujun , Na Yanling , Jiang Chongxu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cave is of great importance for the storage of equipment and to avoid having workers in the tunnel, but it changes the tunnel section, leads to a change of slipstream and affects the safety of trains and workers. The Re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence method is used to investigate the slipstream induced by a single train passing through a double-track tunnel at 350 km/h. The slipstream in a tunnel with and without a cave is compared. The slipstream components in three directions are reported comprehensively. The results show that the existence of a cave changes the slipstream at the tail of the train. At measurement points before and after the train passes the cave, the intensity of the slipstream at the tail is mitigated; as the train passes the cave, the tail slipstream is enhanced to a certain extent. With increasing lateral distance, the peak value of the slipstream with a cave decreases faster than that without a cave. These findings suggest that the presence of a cave mitigates the slipstream intensity, but special attention should be paid to the design of ancillary facilities, especially their relative location.
Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae
Authors: Fassio Giulia , Stefani Matteo , Russini Valeria , Buge Barbara , Bouchet Philippe , Treneman Nancy , Malaquias Manuel António E , Schiaparelli Stefano , Modica Maria Vittoria , Oliverio Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe systematics of the marine mollusc family Velutinidae has long been neglected by taxonomists, mainly because their often internal and fragile shells offer no morphological characters. Velutinids are usually undersampled owing to their cryptic mantle coloration on the solitary, social or colonial ascidians on which they feed and lay eggs. In this study, we address the worldwide diversity and phylogeny of Velutinidae based on the largest molecular dataset (313 specimens) to date, accounting for &gt; 50% of the currently accepted genera, coupled with morphological and ecological data. Velutinids emerge as a diverse group, encompassing four independent subfamily-level lineages, two of which are newly described herein: Marseniopsinae subfam. nov. and Hainotinae subfam. nov. High diversity was found at genus and species levels, with two newly described genera (Variolipallium gen. nov. and Pacifica gen. nov.) and ≥ 86 species in the assayed dataset, 58 of which are new to science (67%). Velutinidae show a remarkable morphological plasticity in shell morphology, mantle extension and chromatic patterns. This variability is likely to be the result of different selective forces, including habitat, depth and trophic interactions.
20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified?
Authors: Johnson Sophia , Rosenfield Mark 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
The use of digital devices has increased substantially in recent years across all age groups for both vocational and avocational purposes. There are a wide range of proposed therapeutic and management options for this condition, including optical, medical, and ergonomic interventions.

PURPOSE
Regular breaks are frequently recommended by clinicians to minimize digital eye strain. The so-called 20-20-20 rule, whereby individuals are advised to fixate on an object at least 20 feet (6 m) away for at least 20 seconds every 20 minutes is widely cited. Unfortunately, there is relatively little peer-reviewed evidence to support this rule. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether scheduled breaks are effective in reducing the adverse effects of digital device usage.

METHODS
The study was carried out on 30 young subjects who performed a 40-minute, cognitively demanding reading task from a tablet computer. The task required them to read random words and to identify which ones began with a specific letter chosen by the experimenter. The task was undertaken on four separate occasions, with 20-second breaks being allowed every 5, 10, 20, or 40 minutes (i.e., no break), respectively. Both before and after each trial, subjects completed a questionnaire regarding ocular and visual symptoms experienced during the session. In addition, both reading speed and task accuracy were quantified during each trial.

RESULTS
A significant increase in post-task symptoms (with respective to the pre-task value) was observed for all four trials (P < .001). However, there was no significant effect of scheduled breaks on reported symptoms (P = .70), reading speed (P = .93), or task accuracy (P = .55).

CONCLUSIONS
Although widely cited as a treatment option, these results do not support the proposal of using 20-second scheduled breaks as a therapeutic intervention for digital eye strain.
Relatively Stable Prevalence of Myopia among Swedish Children Aged 4 to 7 Years between 2015 and 2020
Authors: Bro Tomas , Löfgren Stefan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
The global increase of myopia has caused a lot of debate the last years. Previous research of myopia in the Nordic population has shown diverse results, and only a few Swedish studies have been published in the subject the last two decades.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence of myopia in a population of Swedish children.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of medical records for children between 4 and 7 years of age in a region in Sweden was performed. The inclusion criterion was a first glasses prescription for myopia between 2012 and 2020. Children with other eye diseases or syndromes affecting the eye and vision were excluded. Age, sex, uncorrected visual acuity, and cycloplegic refractive values were extracted. The number of myopic children was compared with population data to calculate incidence and estimate prevalence.

RESULTS
During the study period, 427 children between 4 and 7 years old in an average population of 17,200 children were prescribed glasses for myopia. The incidence for myopia increased from 0.11% in 2012 to 0.39% in 2020 (P < .05). In 2015 to 2020, the prevalence of myopia for the same age group increased from 0.5 to 1.2% (P < .05). Linear regression of the prevalence of myopia showed a significant increase in the age group of 7 years (β = 0.2%, R
2 = 0.82, P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study found a relatively stable prevalence of myopia among Swedish children aged 4 to 7 years between 2015 and 2020. The prevalence of 1.6% among 7-year-old children is not higher than in previous Scandinavian studies.
Human galectin-9 promotes the expansion of HIV reservoirs in vivo in humanized mice
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Giron Leila B. , Hart Colin , Gyampoh Akwasi , Koshy Jane , Hong Kai Ying , Niki Toshiro , Premeaux Thomas A. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Deleage Claire , Montaner Luis J. , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The human endogenous protein galectin-9 (Gal-9) reactivates latently HIV-infected cells in vitro and ex vivo, which may allow for immune-mediated clearance of these cells. However, Gal-9 also activates several immune cells, which could negatively affect HIV persistence by promoting chronic activation/exhaustion. This potential ‘double-edged sword’ effect of Gal-9 raises the question of the overall impact of Gal-9 on HIV persistence in vivo.

Design:
We used the BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) humanized mouse model to evaluate the impact of Gal-9 on HIV persistence in vivo during antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods:
Two independent cohorts of ART-suppressed HIV-infected BLT mice were treated with either recombinant Gal-9 or phosphate-buffered saline control. Plasma viral loads and levels of tissue-associated HIV DNA and RNA were measured by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry and HIV RNAscope were used to quantify CD4+ T, myeloid, and HIV RNA+ cells in tissues. T cell activation and exhaustion were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma markers of inflammation were measured by multiplex cytokine arrays.

Results:
Gal-9 did not induce plasma markers of inflammation or T cell markers of activation/exhaustion in vivo. However, the treatment significantly increased levels of tissue-associated HIV DNA and RNA compared to controls (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.011, respectively, for cohort I and P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively, for cohort II). RNAscope validated the Gal-9 mediated induction of HIV RNA in tissue-associated myeloid cells, but not T cells.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights the overall adverse effects of Gal-9 on HIV persistence and the potential need to block Gal-9 interactions during ART-suppressed HIV infection.
Factors Associated with the Development of Thrombosis in Pediatric Behçet Disease
Authors: Güngörer Vildan , Polat Merve Cansu , Çelikel Elif , Ekici Tekin Zahide , Kurt Tuba , Tekgöz Nilüfer , Sezer Müge , Karagöl Cüneyt , Coşkun Serkan , Kaplan Melike Mehveş , Öner Nimet , Yarali H. Neşe , Çelikel Acar Banu 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The present study aimed to compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with pediatric Behçet disease (BD) with and without thrombosis to elucidate the factors that may contribute to the development of thrombosis.

Methods
This observational, descriptive, medical records review study included patients with BD (n = 85) who were diagnosed at age younger than 16 years at our clinic between 2010 and 2022. The demographic, clinical, and available laboratory data of patients with and without thrombosis were compared. The potential risk factors for the development of thrombosis were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Central venous sinus thrombosis was the most common type of thrombosis. Thrombosis was significantly more common in male patients (p = 0.002), and regression analysis revealed that being male was a risk factor for developing thrombosis. Genital ulcers were less common in patients with thromboses. Patients with thrombosis had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive protein, leukocyte, and neutrophil counts, as well as antinuclear antibody positivity. In contrast, mean platelet volume and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in patients with thrombosis. According to the logistic regression analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate value >17 mm/h was a risk factor for developing thrombosis (odds ratio, 1; confidence interval, 1.1–1.8; p = 0.012).

Conclusions
Male sex has been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in children with BD. Inflammatory parameters may serve as predictive factors for thrombosis in pediatric BD.
Surgical Procedures at Critical Access Hospitals Within Hospital Networks
Authors: Mullens Cody L. , Scott John W. , Mead Mitchell , Kunnath Nicholas , Dimick Justin B. , Ibrahim Andrew M. 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To compare surgical outcomes and expenditures at critical access hospitals that do versus do not participate in a hospital network among Medicare beneficiaries.

Background:
Critical access hospitals provide essential care to more than 80 million Americans. These hospitals, often rural, are located more than 35 miles away from another hospital and are required to maintain patient transfer agreements with other facilities capable of providing higher levels of care. Some critical access hospitals have gone further to formally participate in a hospital network.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional retrospective study from 2014 to 2018 comparing 16,128 Medicare beneficiary admissions for appendectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, or hernia repair at critical access hospitals that do versus do not participate in a hospital network. Thirty-day mortality and readmissions were risk adjusted using multivariable logistic regression accounting for patient and hospital factors. Price-standardized, risk-adjusted Medicare expenditures were compared for the 30-day total episode payments consisting of index hospitalization, physician services, readmissions, and postacute care payments.

Results:
Beneficiaries (average age = 75.7 years, SD = 7.4) who obtained care at critical access hospitals in a hospital network were more likely to carry ≥2 Elixhauser comorbidities (68.7% vs. 62.8%, P < 0.001). Rates of 30-day mortality were higher at critical access hospitals in a hospital network (4.30% vs. 3.81%, OR = 1.11, P < 0.001). Similarly, readmission rates were higher at critical access hospitals that were in a hospital network (15.13% vs. 14.34%, OR = 1.06, P < 0.001). Additionally, total episode payments were found to be $960 higher per patient at critical access hospitals that were in a hospital network ($23,878 vs. $22,918, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Critical access hospitals within hospital networks provided care to more medically complex patients and were associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher costs among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing common general surgery operations.
Adaptive collective motions: a hybrid method to improve conformational sampling with molecular dynamics and normal modes
Authors: Resende-Lara Pedro T. , Costa Maurício G. S. , Dudas Balint , Perahia David 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTProtein function is closely related to its structure and dynamics. Due to its large number of degrees of freedom, proteins adopt a large number of conformations, which describe a highly complex potential energy landscape. Considering the huge ensemble of conformations in dynamic equilibrium in solution, detailed investigation of proteins dynamics is extremely costly. Therefore, a significant number of different methods have emerged in order to improve the conformational sampling of biomolecules. One of these methods is Molecular Dynamics with excited Normal Modes (MDeNM) in which normal modes are used as collective variables in molecular dynamics. Here, we present a new implementation of the MDeNM method that allows a continuously controlled kinetic excitation energy in the normal mode space, while taking into account the natural constraints imposed either by the structure or the environment. These implementations prevent unphysical structural distortions. We tested the new approach on bacteriophage’s T4 lysozyme, Gallus gallus hen egg-white lysozyme and Staphylococcus aureus membrane-bound transglycosylase. Our results showed that the new approach outperformed free MD sampling and preserved the structural features comparatively to the original MDeNM approach. We also observed that by adaptively changing the excitation direction during calculations, proteins follow new transition paths preventing structural distortions.