bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus acquisition strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal trees in subtropical plantations
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Jing , Kou Liang , Ma Zeqing , Lyu Sidan , Wei Jie , Wang Huimin , Wen Xuefa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrees form symbioses with different fungi to exploit soil nutrients, such as phosphorus (P). There is no precise information about the exact strategies by which arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (EM) species facilitate P acquisition and thereby regulate soil P availability in the P‐limited subtropical forests. We investigated the plant traits and rhizosphere soil properties related to the P acquisition strategies of seven AM and seven EM tree species in a subtropical plantation in China. The available P content, which was related to acid phosphomonoesterase activity, was higher in the rhizosphere soils of the AM trees than in those of the EM trees. The higher P content in the absorptive fine roots indicated that the AM trees absorbed more P from the soil than the EM trees. The leaf P adsorption efficiency indicated that AM trees resorbed more aboveground P than EM trees. Results from structural equation modelling demonstrated that AM trees were dominated by bacteria, which contributed to the low pH, while EM trees were dominated by ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi that secreted acid phosphomonoesterase to mine P in the rhizosphere soil. The AM trees had higher mycorrhizal colonisation rates than the EM trees, while the EM trees had higher specific root lengths than the AM trees, which suggests that the AM trees tended to depend on mycorrhizae, while EM trees tended to depend on roots, to scavenge P from soil. Our findings suggest that, to influence the P availability and alleviate P deficiencies, the AM trees resorbed more P aboveground and mined and scavenged more P belowground than the EM trees.Highlights
P availability was higher in the rhizospheres of AM trees than EM trees.
AM trees resorbed more aboveground P than EM trees.
AM trees mined soil P mainly by decreasing pH, whereas EM trees by secreting ACP.
AM trees depended more on mycorrhizae, whereas EM trees on roots, scavenging soil P.
Carry‐over effects and fitness trade‐offs in marine life histories: The costs of complexity for adaptation
Authors: Marshall Dustin J. , Connallon Tim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost marine organisms have complex life histories, where the individual stages of a life cycle are often morphologically and ecologically distinct. Nevertheless, life‐history stages share a single genome and are linked phenotypically (by “carry‐over effects”). These commonalities across the life history couple the evolutionary dynamics of different stages and provide an arena for evolutionary constraints. The degree to which genetic and phenotypic links among stages hamper adaptation in any one stage remains unclear and yet adaptation is essential if marine organisms will adapt to future climates. Here, we use an extension of Fisher's geometric model to explore how both carry‐over effects and genetic links among life‐history stages affect the emergence of pleiotropic trade‐offs between fitness components of different stages. We subsequently explore the evolutionary trajectories of adaptation of each stage to its optimum using a simple model of stage‐specific viability selection with nonoverlapping generations. We show that fitness trade‐offs between stages are likely to be common and that such trade‐offs naturally emerge through either divergent selection or mutation. We also find that evolutionary conflicts among stages should escalate during adaptation, but carry‐over effects can ameliorate this conflict. Carry‐over effects also tip the evolutionary balance in favor of better survival in earlier life‐history stages at the expense of poorer survival in later stages. This effect arises in our discrete‐generation framework and is, therefore, unrelated to age‐related declines in the efficacy of selection that arise in models with overlapping generations. Our results imply a vast scope for conflicting selection between life‐history stages, with pervasive evolutionary constraints emerging from initially modest selection differences between stages. Organisms with complex life histories should also be more constrained in their capacity to adapt to global change than those with simple life histories.
Facile synthesis, in vitro biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity of porous hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Guo Ren , Chen Song , Zhang Jianan , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Li Xiaona , Chen Weiyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, porous hollow hydroxyapatite (HAp) microspheres are prepared using chitosan microspheres as novel sacrificial templates and their microstructure, biocompatibility, and drug delivery properties are evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that HAp microspheres are spherical in morphology with a diameter of 100–300 μm and have a porous and core–shell structure. X‐ray diffractometer patterns show that HAp microspheres consist of apatite phase. MTT assay indicates that HAp microspheres are biocompatible and have no significant cytotoxicity. SEM observations show that HAp microspheres support attachment and proliferation of osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells. After being soaked in the solution of tetracycline hydrochloride (TH, model drug), HAp microspheres adsorb TH with an adsorption capacity of 47% to derive TH‐loaded HAp microspheres. When exposed to two types of representative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, TH‐loaded HAp microspheres maintain the biological activity of TH to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Selective internal radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A 15‐year multicenter Australian cohort study
Authors: Prince David Stephen , Schlaphoff Glen , Davison Scott Anthony , Huo Ya Ruth , Xiang Hao , Chan Michael Vinchill , Lee Alice Unah , Thailakanathan Cynthuja , Jebeili Hazem , Rogan Christopher , Al‐Omary Ahmed , Gupta Sidhartha , Lockart Ian , Tiwari Neha , Clark‐Dickson McCawley , Hillhouse James William , Laube Robyn , Chang Jeff , Nguyen Vi , Danta Mark , Cheng Robert , Strasser Simone Irene , Zekry Amany , Levy Miriam Tania , Chan Christine , Liu Ken 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe exact place for selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in the therapeutic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is debated. There are limited data on its indications, efficacy, and safety in Australia.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing SIRT for HCC in all Sydney hospitals between 2005 and 2019. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were progression‐free survival and adverse events.ResultsDuring the study period, 156 patients underwent SIRT across 10 institutions (mean age 67 years, 81% male). SIRT use progressively increased from 2005 (n = 2), peaking in 2017 (n = 42) before declining (2019: n = 21). Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages at treatment were A (13%), B (33%), C (52%), and D (2%). Forty‐four (28%) patients had tumor thrombus. After a median follow‐up of 13.9 months, there were 117 deaths. Median overall survival was 15 months (95% confidence interval 11–19). Independent predictors of mortality on multivariable analysis were extent of liver involvement, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, baseline ascites, alpha fetoprotein, and model for end‐stage liver disease score. Median progression‐free survival was 6.0 months (95% confidence interval 5.1–6.9 months). Following SIRT, 11% of patients were downstaged to curative therapy. SIRT‐related complications occurred in 17%: radioembolization‐induced liver disease (11%), pneumonitis (3%), gastrointestinal ulceration, and cholecystitis (1% each). Baseline ascites predicted for radioembolization‐induced liver disease.ConclusionWe present the largest Australian SIRT cohort for HCC. We have identified several factors associated with a poor outcome following SIRT. Patients with early‐stage disease had the best survival with some being downstaged to curative therapy.
Effectiveness of the VA‐Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders (VA‐GRACE) program: An observational cohort study
Authors: Schubert Cathy C. , Perkins Anthony J. , Myers Laura J. , Damush Teresa M. , Penney Lauren S. , Zhang Ying , Schwartzkopf Ashley L. , Preddie Alaina K. , Riley Sam , Menen Tetla , Bravata Dawn M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system seeks to expand access to comprehensive geriatric assessments, evidence‐based models of care are needed to support community‐dwelling older persons. We evaluated the VA Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders (VA‐GRACE) program's effect on mortality and readmissions, as well as patient, caregiver, and staff satisfaction.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included patients admitted to the Richard L. Roudebush VA hospital (2010–2019) who received VA‐GRACE services post‐discharge and usual care controls who were potentially eligible for VA‐GRACE but did not receive services. The VA‐GRACE program provided home‐based comprehensive, multi‐disciplinary geriatrics assessment, and ongoing care. Primary outcomes included 90‐day and 1‐year all‐cause readmissions and mortality, and patient, caregiver, and staff satisfaction. We used propensity score modeling with overlapping weighting to adjust for differences in characteristics between groups.ResultsVA‐GRACE patients (N = 683) were older than controls (N = 4313) (mean age 78.3 ± 8.2 standard deviation vs. 72.2 ± 6.9 years; p < 0.001) and had greater comorbidity (median Charlson Comorbidity Index 3 vs. 0; p < 0.001). VA‐GRACE patients had higher 90‐day readmissions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55 [95%CI 1.01–2.38]) and higher 1‐year readmissions (aOR 1.74 [95%CI 1.22–2.48]). However, VA‐GRACE patients had lower 90‐day mortality (aOR 0.31 [95%CI 0.11–0.92]), but no statistically significant difference in 1‐year mortality was observed (aOR 0.88 [95%CI 0.55–1.41]). Patients and caregivers reported that VA‐GRACE home visits reduced travel burden and the program linked Veterans and caregivers to needed resources. Primary care providers reported that the VA‐GRACE team helped to reduce their workload, improved medication management for their patients, and provided a view into patients' daily living situation.ConclusionsThe VA‐GRACE program provides comprehensive geriatric assessments and care to high‐risk, community‐dwelling older persons with high rates of satisfaction from patients, caregivers, and providers. Widespread deployment of programs like VA‐GRACE will be required to support Veterans aging in place.
Neuroanatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylianTrilophosuchus rackhamiWillis, 1993
Authors: Ristevski Jorgo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough our knowledge on crocodylomorph palaeoneurology has experienced considerable growth in recent years, the neuroanatomy of many crocodylomorph taxa has yet to be studied. This is true for Australian taxa, where thus far only two crocodylian crocodylomorphs have had aspects of their neuroanatomy explored. Here, the neuroanatomy of the Australian mekosuchine crocodylianTrilophosuchus rackhamiis described for the first time, which significantly increases our understanding on the palaeoneurology of Australian crocodylians. The palaeoneurological description is based on the taxon's holotype specimen (QMF16856), which was subjected to a μCT scan. Because of the exceptional preservation of QMF16856, most neuroanatomical elements could be digitally reconstructed and described in detail. Therefore, the palaeoneurological assessment presented here is hitherto the most in‐depth study of this kind for an extinct Australian crocodylomorph.Trilophosuchus rackhamihas a brain endocast with a distinctive morphology that is characterized by an acute dural peak over the hindbrain region. While the overall morphology of the brain endocast is unique toT. rackhami, it does share certain similarities with the notosuchian crocodyliformsAraripesuchus wegeneriandSebecus icaeorhinus. The endosseous labyrinth displays a morphology that is typical for crocodylians, although a stand‐out feature is the unusually tall common crus. Indeed, the common crus ofT. rackhamihas one of the greatest height ratios among crocodylomorphs with currently known endosseous labyrinths. The paratympanic pneumatic system ofT. rackhamiis greatly developed and most similar to those of the extant crocodyliansOsteolaemus tetraspisandPaleosuchus palpebrosus. The observations on the neuroanatomy ofT. rackhamiare also discussed in the context of Crocodylomorpha. The comparative palaeoneurology reinforces previous evaluations that the neuroanatomy of crocodylomorphs is complex and diverse among species, andT. rackhamihas a peculiar neuromorphology, particularly among eusuchian crocodyliforms.
Safety analysis of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with markers of advanced liver disease in clinical and real‐world cohorts
Authors: Feld Jordan J. , Forns Xavier , Dylla Douglas E. , Kumada Hiromitsu , de Ledinghen Victor , Wei Lai , Brown Robert S. , Flisiak Robert , Lampertico Pietro , Thabut Dominique , Bondin Mark , Tatsch Fernando , Burroughs Margaret , Marcinak John , Zhang Zhenzhen , Emmett Amanda , Jacobson Ira M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the greatest health impact in patients with advanced liver disease. The direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimen glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) is approved for treatment of HCV‐infected patients without cirrhosis and with compensated cirrhosis. However, events of liver decompensation/failure have been reported in patients treated with protease‐inhibitor–containing DAA regimens, often in patients with advanced liver disease. This study examines the safety of on‐label G/P treatment in patients with compensated cirrhosis (F4 at baseline) with markers of advanced liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis were categorized into 4 subgroups, based on different noninvasive markers of advanced liver disease identified using laboratory measures: platelet count < or ≥ 100 × 109/L, and Child‐Pugh score 5 or 6. Separate analyses were performed using pooled data from clinical trials and from real‐world post‐marketing observational studies. G/P was well tolerated in patients with platelet count ≥100 × 109/L (n = 800), platelet count <100 × 109/L (n = 215), a Child‐Pugh score of 5 (n = 915) and a Child‐Pugh score of 6 (n = 95). In the clinical trial and real‐world cohorts two patients and no patients experienced a serious adverse event (AE) possibly related to study drug, respectively; three patients and no patients experienced an AE of special interest for hepatic decompensation and hepatic failure. This analysis reaffirms G/P's safety profile in indicated patients with compensated cirrhosis, including those with markers of more advanced liver disease. Increasing the number of patients treated with short‐duration G/P therapy may contribute to meeting HCV elimination targets.
Hepatitis E prevalence and infection in solid‐organ transplant recipients in the United States
Authors: Samala Niharika , Wang Richard Y. , Auh Sungyoung , Balla Abdalla Kara , Dakhoul Lara , Alter Harvey J. , Farci Patrizia , Ghabril Marwan , Lucey Michael R. , Rangnekar Amol S. , Reddy K. Rajender , Ghany Marc G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. An increased risk for HEV infection has been reported in organ‐transplant recipients, mainly from Europe. Prospective data on HEV prevalence in the United States (U.S.) organ transplant population are limited. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HEV infection among solid organ transplant‐recipients, we conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional, multicentre study among transplant‐recipients and age‐ and organ‐matched waitlist patients. Participants answered a risk‐exposure questionnaire and were tested for HEV‐RNA (in‐house PCR), HEV‐IgG, and IgM (ELISA, Wantai). Among 456 participants, 224 were transplant‐recipients, and 232 were waitlist patients. The mean age was 58 years, 35% female, and 74% White. HEV seroprevalence of the entire cohort was 20.2% and associated with older age (p < 0.0001) and organ transplantation (p = 0.02). The HEV seropositivity was significantly higher among transplant‐recipients compared with waitlist patients (24% vs. 16.4%, p = 0.042). Among transplant recipients, relative‐risk of being HEV seropositive increased with older age (RR = 3.4 [1.07–10.74] in patients >70 years compared with ≤50 years, p = 0.037); history of graft hepatitis (2.2 [1.27–3.72], p = 0.005); calcineurin inhibitor use (RR = 1.9 [1.03–3.34], p = 0.02); and kidney transplantation (2.4 [1.15–5.16], p = 0.02). HEV‐RNA, genotype 3 was detected in only two patients (0.4%), both transplant‐recipients. HEV seroprevalence was higher among transplant‐recipients than waitlist patients. HEV should be considered in transplant‐recipients presenting with graft hepatitis. Detection of HEV‐RNA was rare, suggesting that progression to chronic HEV infection is uncommon in transplant‐recipients in the U.S.
On interconsumer externalities in a model of sales
Authors: Rouskas Evangelos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractI highlight interconsumer externalities in a static model of sales with homogeneous products and bidimensional consumer heterogeneity wherein there exists two‐type search intensity heterogeneity and two‐type valuation heterogeneity. An increase in the percentage of consumers with high valuation creates a dichotomy in the market. The consumers who experience the increase in their valuation become better off; I call these consumers privileged. All other consumers either become worse off or remain unaffected; I call the consumers who become worse off disadvantaged and the consumers who remain unaffected unprivileged. In the environment with privileged and disadvantaged consumers, the net effect on total consumer surplus is ambiguous. These results come in contrast to a dynamic Coasian version of the model in which if the percentage of consumers with high valuation increases, always all consumers become better off. Public policy interventions that target an increase in the welfare of consumers by altering the mix of the population should (i) distinguish between dynamic and static markets; and (ii) take into account under which conditions in static markets the net effect on consumer surplus is positive.
The global regulatory framework for the commercialization of nutrient enriched biofortified foods
Authors: Mitra‐Ganguli Tora , Pfeiffer Wolfgang H. , Walton Jenny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNutrient enriched crops (NECs) were developed through biofortification as a tool to reach the world's most vulnerable. The delivery model developed by HarvestPlus for the scaling of NECs relies on commercial demand from food businesses and consumers, coupled with the ability to promote and market foods that comply with legislation. This review of standards, regulations, and laws across the value chain in 20 countries demonstrates that existing provisions for food labeling are sufficient to carry out sales and marketing of foods made from conventionally bred NECs. The term biofortification is not necessary to create demand and, potentially, is counterproductive. Promoting the natural source of vitamins and minerals and relevant nutrition claims is the most effective and simple way to signpost healthier products to consumers. Until 2021, it was not possible to distinguish NECs at the grain level from the market standard. The development of a globally relevant Publicly Available Specification allows traders to demand grains that offer a substantial increase in zinc, iron, or vitamin A. Addressing this gap at the grain level ensures that standards and regulations are available end‐to‐end in the food supply chain providing the enabling environment for the rapid scale of NECs.
Antifibrotics and lung transplantation: A Spanish multicentre case‐controlled study
Authors: Mora Cuesta Víctor Manuel , Iturbe Fernández David , Aguado Ibáñez Silvia , Anguera de Francisco Gabriel , Margallo Iribarnegaray Juan , Carrillo Hernández‐Rubio Javier , Reig Mezquida Juan Pablo , Pérez Luz Virginia , Laporta Hernández Rosalía , de Pablo Gafas Alicia , Solé Jover Amparo , Cifrián Martínez José Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveAntifibrotic drugs are the standard treatments for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aims to assess the safety of antifibrotic treatment in IPF patients undergoing lung transplantation.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of IPF who received a lung transplant between January 2015 and June 2019 at four Spanish hospitals specialized in lung transplantation were retrospectively recruited. Cases were defined as patients receiving antifibrotic treatments at time of transplant. Each case was matched with a control who did not receive antifibrotic treatment.ResultsA total of 164 patients were included in the study cohort (103 cases and 61 controls). There were no statistically significant differences between the cases and controls in any of the items studied related to transplantation except the time until the appearance of chest wall dehiscence: although there were no differences in the incidence of wall dehiscence in either group (12.3% vs. 13.7%; p = 0.318), the patients on antifibrotic drugs experienced it earlier (21 days [IQR = 12.5–41.5] vs. 63 days [IQR = 46.75–152.25]; p = 0.012). There were no differences in overall post‐transplant survival between the two groups (p = 0.698) or in conditional survival at 30 days, 90 days, 3 years or 5 years. However, 1 year survival was significantly greater among controls (80.6% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.028).ConclusionThere was evidence that chest wall dehiscences appeared earlier post‐transplant in patients using antifibrotics, even though this factor did not significantly impact survival.
Approximate exchangeability and de Finetti priors in 2022
Authors: Diaconis Persi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis is a review paper, beginning with de Finetti's work on partial exchangeability, continuing with his approach to approximate exchangeability, and then his (surprising) approach to assigning informative priors in nonstandard situations. Recent progress on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for drawing conclusions is supplemented by a review of work by Gerencsér and Ottolini on getting honest bounds for rates of convergence. The paper concludes with a speculative approach to combining classical asymptotics with Monte Carlo. This promises real speed‐ups and makes a nice example of how theory and computation can interact.