bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric analysis of the kinetics of in vivo rhodopsin phosphorylation
Authors: Lee Kimberly A. , Craven Kimberley B. , Niemi Gregory A. , Hurley James B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOn stimulation, rhodopsin, the light‐sensing protein in the rod cells of the retina, is phosphorylated at several sites on its C terminus as the first step in deactivation. We have developed a mass spectrometry–based method to quantify the kinetics of phosphorylation at each site in vivo. After exposing either a freshly dissected mouse retina or the eye of an anesthetized mouse to a flash of light, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are terminated by rapidly homogenizing the retina or enucleated eye in 8 M urea. The C‐terminal peptide containing all known phosphorylation sites is cleaved from rhodopsin, partially purified by ultracentrifugation, and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS). The mass spectrometer responds linearly to the peptide from 10 fmole to 100 pmole. The relative sensitivity to peptides with zero to five phosphates was determined using purified phosphopeptide standards. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was used to distinguish the three primary sites of phosphorylation, Ser 334, Ser 338, and Ser 343. Peptides monophosphorylated on Ser 334 were separable from those monophosphorylated on Ser 338 and Ser 343 by reversed‐phase HPLC. Although peptides monophosphorylated at Ser 338 and Ser 343 normally coelute, the relative amounts of each species in the single peak could be determined by monitoring the ratio of specific daughter ions characteristic of each peptide. Doubly phosphorylated rhodopsin peptides with different sites of phosphorylation also were distinguished by LCMS/MS. The sensitivity of these methods was evaluated by using them to measure rhodopsin phosphorylation stimulated either by light flashes or by continuous illumination over a range of intensities.
Trends in Use of Oral Anticoagulants in Older Adults With Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation, 2010-2020
Authors: Ko Darae , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Bessette Lily G. , Lee Su Been , Walkey Allan J. , Cheng Susan , Kim Erin , Glynn Robert J. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceUndertreatment of older adults with atrial fibrillation with anticoagulation therapy is an important practice gap. It has been posited that the availability of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) would improve oral anticoagulant (OAC) initiation in older adults with atrial fibrillation given their superior safety profile compared with warfarin.ObjectivesTo systematically examine trends in OAC initiation and nonadherence in older adults with atrial fibrillation and coexisting geriatric conditions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study uses administrative claims data from Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Participants included beneficiaries of Medicare Advantage plans aged 65 years and older with atrial fibrillation and elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to October 2022.ExposuresCoexisting dementia, frailty, and anemia.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were OAC initiation within 12 months after the first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation per year and nonadherence with OAC per year (defined as &amp;lt;80% of proportion of days covered among patients newly started on OAC in each year).ResultsThere were 21 603 to 51 236 patients per year (total for 2010-2020, 381 488 patients) in the OAC-eligible incident AF cohort (mean [SD] age, 77.2 [6.1] to 77.4 [6.8] years; 13 871 [51.8%] to 22 901 [49.8%] women). OAC initiation within 12 months after incident AF increased from 20.2% (5405 of 26 782 patients) in 2010 to 32.9% (7111 of 21 603 patients) in 2020. DOAC uptake increased from 1.1% (291 of 26 782 patients) to 30.9% (6678 of 21 603 patients), and warfarin initiation decreased from 19.1% (5114 of 26 782 patients) to 2.0% (436 of 21 603 patients). Older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.98), dementia (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.55-0.58), frailty (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.76), and anemia (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.74-0.77) were associated with lower odds of OAC initiation. During the study period, the median (IQR) proportion of days covered increased from 77.6% (41.0%-96.4%) to 90.2% (57.4%-98.6%), and OAC nonadherence decreased from 52.2% (2290 of 4389 patients) to 39.0% (3434 of 8798 patients).Conclusions and RelevanceSince the introduction of DOACs, OAC initiation in older adults with has improved but remained suboptimal in 2020. Additional strategies are needed to improve stroke prophylaxis in all older adults with atrial fibrillation including those with coexisting dementia, frailty, and anemia.
Noise correlation and its impact on the performance of multi‐material decomposition‐based spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT
Authors: Tang Xiangyang , Ren Yan , Xie Huiqiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeIt has been known that noise correlation plays an important role in the determination of the performance of spectral imaging based on two‐material decomposition (2‐MD). To further understand the basics of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT toward optimal design and implementation, we study the noise correlation in multi‐MD (m‐MD) and its impact on the performance of spectral imaging.MethodWe derive the equations that characterize the noise and noise correlation in the material‐specific (basis) images inm‐MD, followed by a simulation study to verify the derived equations and study the noise correlation's impact on the performance of spectral imaging. Using a specially designed digital phantom, the study of noise correlation runs over the cases of two‐, three‐, and four‐MD (2‐MD, 3‐MD, and 4‐MD). Then, the noise correlation's impact on the performance of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT is investigated, using a modified Shepp–Logan phantom.ResultsThe results in 2‐MD show that, in‐line with what has been reported in the literature, the noise correlation coefficient between the material‐specific images corresponding to the basis materials approaches −1. The results inm‐MD (m ≥ 3) are more complicated and interesting, as the noise correlation coefficients between a pair of the material‐specific images alternate between ±1, and so do in the case of 4‐MD. Them‐MD data show that the noise in virtual monochromatic imaging (a form of spectral imaging) is moderate even though the noises in material‐specific (basis) images vary drastically.ConclusionsThe observation of noise correlation in 3‐MD, 4‐MD, and beyond (i.e.,m‐MD) is informative to the community. The relationship between noise correlation and the performance of spectral imaging revealed in this work may help clinical medical physicists understand the fundamentals of spectral imaging based on MD and optimize the performance of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT and other X‐ray imaging modalities.
Ultrafast Laser‐Induced Cathode/Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Voltage Poly(Ethylene Oxide)‐Based Solid Batteries
Authors: Tang Xiaoyu , Xu Xiaosa , Bai Miao , Zhang Min , Wang Heling , Wang Zhiqiao , Shao Ahu , Wang Hongqiang , Ma Yue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolyte promises interfacial compatibility with the high‐capacity metallic anodes in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the prototype construction is severely hindered by the parasitic ohmic resistance at the electrode‐electrolyte interface, insufficient ionic pathway of the high loading cathode, as well as the PEO oxidation tendency at the high voltage. Herein, a laser‐assisted strategy is presented toward ultra‐efficient cathode modification (completes within 240 s) by constructing continuous, multi‐scale artificial cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI). The tailorable, yet localized temperature gradient induced by the pulsed laser beam can customize the CEI species from the target precursor salts for the on‐demand protection purpose. Derived from the tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, the proof‐of‐concept model achieves phosphorus‐rich, ion‐diffusion network across the high‐mass‐loading LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, which enables the high‐rate operation of the ASSBs prototype as well as the extended shelf life at the oxidized idling state. Transmission‐mode operando X‐ray phase tracking unravels the electrochemical stability origin at the cathode/PEO interface due to the insulation of electron shuttling, where the layered to spinel phase transition and the lattice oxygen release are alleviated. This generic, readily tailorable, highly‐efficient laser processing strategy thus provides unprecedented opportunities to secure the varieties of energy‐dense, polymer‐based ASSBs.
Symbiotically Reinforced Bimetallic Photocatalysis in Conjugated Metal−Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Li Jian‐Ming , Lin Qia‐Chun , Li Ning , Li Zhi‐Hua , Tan Guiping , Liu Shou‐Jie , Chung Lai‐Hon , Liao Wei‐Ming , Yu Lin , He Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompared to monometallic counterparts, bimetallic two‐dimensional conjugated metal‐organic framework (2D c‐MOF) nanosheets possess preferable metal tunability and synergistic effect for performance optimization, yet rarely developed in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution to date. In this study, a feasible post‐synthetic strategy of second metal installation (SMI) is proposed and applied to construct a crystalline bimetallic 2D c‐MOF nanosheet, HTHATN‐Ni‐Pt‐NS. HTHATN‐Ni‐Pt‐NS exhibits high electrical conductivity and efficient hydrogen evolution with the rate of 47.2 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 13.5‐fold higher than that of pristine HTHATN‐Ni‐NS without PtII decoration under visible light irradiation. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that introduction of low amount of PtII provides catalytically active metal sites and optimizes the ΔGH* value of NiII centers, thus resulting in the enhanced performance of proton reduction. This study represents the first example of symbiotic bimetallic centers in MOF nanosheets highlighting SMI strategy as an efficient approach to construct photocatalysts.
Succinic Ester‐Based Shape Memory Gelatin Sponge for Noncompressible Hemorrhage without Hindering Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhu Ye , Zhang Lining , Duan Wanglin , Martin‐Saldaña Sergio , Li Chaowei , Yu Hongwen , Feng Luyao , Zhang Xianpeng , Du Baoji , Li Guanying , Zheng Xifu , Bu Yazhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractShape memory sponges are very promising in stopping the bleeding from noncompressible and narrow entrance wounds. However, few shape memory sponges have fast degradable properties in order to not hinder tissue healing. In this work, based on cryopolymerization, a succinic ester‐based sponge (Ssponge) is fabricated using gelatin and bi‐polyethylene glycol‐succinimidyl succinate (Bi‐PEG‐SS). Compared with the commercially available gelatin sponge (Csponge), Ssponge possesses better water/blood absorption ability and higher mechanical pressure over the surrounding tissues. Moreover, in the models of massive liver hemorrhage after transection and noncompressive liver wounds by penetration, Ssponge exhibits a better hemostasis performance than Csponge. Furthermore, in a liver regeneration model, Ssponge‐treated livers shows higher regeneration speed compared with Csponge, including a lower injury score, more cavity‐like tissues, less fibrosis and enhanced tissue regeneration. Overall, it is shown that Ssponge, with a fast degradation behavior, is not only highly efficient in stopping bleeding but also not detrimental for tissue healing, possessing promising clinical translational potential.
Chiral‐Selective Antigen‐Presentation by Supramolecular Chiral Polymer Micelles
Authors: Jiang Hejin , Liu Rui , Wang Lu , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Mengmeng , Lin Sisi , Cao Zhenping , Wu Feng , Liu Yingbin , Liu Jinyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChirality is ubiquitous in biological systems, which is closely related to biological functions, life processes, and even the pathogenesis of diseases. However, the interface between the chirality of synthetic materials and organisms, particularly the immune system, remains poorly understood. Here, supramolecular chiral polymer micelles (SCPMs) are prepared by complexing antigenic proteins with chiral amino acid‐modified polyethyleneimine. The introduction of chirality not only reduces the toxicity of cationic polymer, but also benefits cell uptake and antigen presentation. Especially, D‐chirality presents the lowest cytotoxicity, while promoting the highest expression level of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells compared to L‐chirality and achirality. The superiority of D‐chirality to stimulate dendritic cell maturation is supported by immunization with D‐SCPMs, which achieves significant antigen‐specific proliferation of T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and tumor of mice. Chirality‐mediated antigen processing and presentation are demonstrated by D‐SCPMs self‐assembled from chiral alkaline histidine or neutral phenylalanine modified polyethyleneimine and tumor associated ovalbumin or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike 1 antigenic protein. Immunoactivation enabled by D‐chirality opens a window to prepare potent nanotherapeutics for disease prevention and treatment.
Strategic Synthesis of 2D and 3D Conducting Polymers and Derived Nanocomposites
Authors: Abutalip Munziya , Zhigerbayeva Guldana , Kanzhigitova Dana , Askar Perizat , Yeszhan Yelriza , Pham Tri Thanh , Adilov Salimgerey , Luque Rafael , Nuraje Nurxat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a great deal of interest in conducting polymers due to their broad applications. At the same time, various synthetic techniques have been developed to produce various nanostructures of the conducting polymers with their fascinating properties. However, the techniques for the manufacture of 2D nanosheets are either complex or expensive. No comprehensive approach for constructing 2D and 3D materials or their composites has been documented. Herein, a simple and scalable synthetic protocol is reported for the design of 2D, 3D, and related conducting polymer nanocomposites by interface manipulation in a bicontinuous microemulsion system. In this method, diverse bicontinuous thin layers of oil and water are employed to produce 2D nanosheets of conducting polymers. For the fabrication of 3D polypyrrole (PPY) and their composites, specially designed linkers of the monomers are applied to lock the 3D networks of the conducting polymers and their composites. The technique can be extended to the fabrication of most conducting polymer composites, being cost‐effective and easily scalable. The optimum electrical conductivity obtained for 2D PPY nanosheets is 219 S cm−1, the highest literature value reported to date to the best of knowledge.
Toward an Improved Understanding for Design of Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Process‐Based 3D Printers—a Computational Study
Authors: Singhal Ishant , Tyagi Bobby , Chaudhary Riya , Sahai Ankit , Fayazfar Haniyeh , Sharma Rahul Swarup 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and improving 3D printing process models are very important for designing building defect‐free 3D printers. Most studies have failed to present detailed process design and modeling of material extrusion (MatEx)‐based additive manufacturing (AM) in a systematic approach that considers all process parameters such as nozzle diameter, nozzle angle, and velocity. It is studied that the accuracy and consistency of a MatEx 3D fabricated product depend on the pressure drop across various nozzle zones. This paper identifies the constraints affecting the performance of the MatEx AM process and presents mathematical modeling related to various process parameters. Also, the paper shows expressions for pinch wheel feed mechanism, liquefier, and nozzle geometry of the MatEx process in terms of independent variables, such as liquefier temperature, nozzle geometry, and feed rate. This will be helpful in computing the precise design parameters of MatEx‐based 3D printers. The complex mathematical expressions developed are pivotal for the effective regulation of the 3D printing process. It not only provides new and better designs for MatEx machines with precise operation and better resolution but also opens the scope for further scientific development to expand the capability of proposed approach for both specific applications and the field.
Electro‐Synthesis of Organic Compounds with Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ali Tariq , Wang Haiyan , Iqbal Waseem , Bashir Tariq , Shah Rahim , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectro‐organic synthesis has attracted a lot of attention in pharmaceutical science, medicinal chemistry, and future industrial applications in energy storage and conversion. To date, there has not been a detailed review on electro‐organic synthesis with the strategy of heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, the most recent advances in synthesizing value‐added chemicals by heterogeneous catalysis are summarized. An overview of electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction processes as well as paired electrocatalysis is provided, and the anodic oxidation of alcohols (monohydric and polyhydric), aldehydes, and amines are discussed. This review also provides in‐depth insight into the cathodic reduction of carboxylates, carbon dioxide, CC, C≡C, and reductive coupling reactions. Moreover, the electrocatalytic paired electro‐synthesis methods, including parallel paired, sequential divergent paired, and convergent paired electrolysis, are summarized. Additionally, the strategies developed to achieve high electrosynthesis efficiency and the associated challenges are also addressed. It is believed that electro‐organic synthesis is a promising direction of organic electrochemistry, offering numerous opportunities to develop new organic reaction methods.
California cannabis cultivation and processing workers: A qualitative analysis of physiological exposures and health effects
Authors: Beckman Stella , Castañeda Xóchitl , Rivas Likhi , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCannabis is a multi‐billion‐dollar California industry, but little is known about the occupational hazards or health experiences of cannabis cultivation workers. Respiratory and dermal exposures, musculoskeletal hazards, and other agricultural hazards have been identified in previous research. Even in a post‐legalization framework, cannabis work is stigmatized and most cannabis is still produced illegally. Qualitative research is essential for establishing rapport with cannabis workers to understand their experiences and concerns.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured discussions with four focus groups including 32 cannabis workers total, and 9 key informants who were workers, industry experts, and business owners or managers. Transcribed results were analyzed to identify key themes on physiological exposures and health effects.ResultsThe majority (81.3%) of focus group participants were seasonal migrant cannabis trimmers. Themes emerged of respiratory and dermal exposures and outcomes, musculoskeletal disorders, and physical hazards including living conditions. Workers reported respiratory symptoms and rashes from exposure to cannabis, mold, and pesticides. Musculoskeletal pain was ubiquitous due to inadequate seating and long shifts performing repetitive tasks. Seasonal workers experienced chronic exposure to cold conditions and unsanitary housing. Management‐level interviewees and other industry stakeholders described concerns and experiences that differed from those of workers.DiscussionThe results were consistent with existing research on cannabis worker health, with workers reporting respiratory and dermal exposure and symptoms, musculoskeletal hazards, and physical hazards associated with agricultural work. In addition, we found that workers were affected by substandard living conditions, remote and isolated work environments, and an absence of training.
Blue‐to‐UVB Upconversion, Solvent Sensitization and Challenging Bond Activation Enabled by a Benzene‐Based Annihilator
Authors: Zähringer Till J. B. , Moghtader Julian A. , Bertrams Maria‐Sophie , Roy Bibhisan , Uji Masanori , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kerzig Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral energy‐demanding photoreactions require harsh UV light from inefficient light sources. The conversion of low‐energy visible light to high‐energy singlet states via triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) could offer a solution for driving such reactions under mild conditions. We present the first annihilator with an emission maximum in the UVB region that, combined with an organic sensitizer, is suitable for blue‐to‐UVB upconversion. The annihilator singlet was successfully employed as an energy donor in subsequent FRET activations of aliphatic carbonyls. This hitherto unreported UC‐FRET reaction sequence was directly monitored using laser spectroscopy and applied to mechanistic irradiation experiments demonstrating the feasibility of Norrish chemistry. Our results provide clear evidence for a novel blue light‐driven substrate or solvent activation strategy, which is important in the context of developing more sustainable light‐to‐chemical energy conversion systems.
Synergistic effects of boron nitride sheets and reduced graphene oxide on reinforcing the thermal conduction, SERS performance and thermal property of polyimide composite films
Authors: Zhao Junyu , Wang Chunbo , Wang Chengyang , Zhang Ke , Cong Bing , Yang Lan , Zhao Xiaogang , Chen Chunhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyimide (PI) composite films with hybrid fillers containing hBN (hexagonal boron nitride) sheets and rGO (reduced graphene oxide) were successfully fabricated by in‐situ polymerization. Herein, hBN sheets and rGO were obtained by ball milling and chemical reduction, respectively. In PI composite films, hBN can be tightly attached onto the surface of rGO via π‐π interaction, which can benefit the construction of heat‐conduction pathways and reduce boundary of heat resistance. The results show that the addition of rGO and hBN could enhance the thermal conductivity by synergistic effects. Specially, hBN and rGO are at the weight ratio of 1:1 and at the total loading of 33 wt%, thermal conductivity of PI composites can reach up to 1.19 Wm−1 K−1, which is 5.61 times higher than that of pure PI. Thermal property and dynamic mechanical property of composite films were also investigated. Besides, compared with pure PI, mixed fillers have obvious surface‐enhanced Raman scattering signals, indicating the synergistic effect of the mixed fillers. Overall, this study gives insights into heat dissipative and high sensitivity analysis components which may be used in the field of high‐temperature micro fabrication.