bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion terms in Malay
Authors: Chung Siaw-Fong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined 25 emotion terms in Malaysian Malay and used corpus data to investigate whether these emotion terms appeared with the [meN-], [meN‑ -i], [meN‑ -kan], and [‑kan]-only forms. The emotion terms were patterned in four different ways. Category One included local emotion verbs that conformed to the pattern [Affector-Affectee]. In this category, the verbs were dominated by the [meN‑ -i] form, with a small number including the suffix [‑kan]-only. A verb in the [meN‑ -kan] form was either a Category Two [CausermeN‑ -kanCausee] pattern or a Category Four [ExperiencermeN‑ -kanEvent] pattern, among which Category Two had a higher number of instances. Category Three included two possible patterns – [ExperiencermeN‑ -iStimulus] and [ExperiencermeN‑ (Stimulus absent)]. We found that the emotion terms with the [meN-]-only form were largely “narrating” the emotions of the speaker or situation, which provided the background, while the emotion terms with the [‑kan]-only form were largely “proposing” the emotion of the speaker or the subject being referred to (cf.Hopper 1983;Bambang Kaswanti Purwo 1988). We were able to discern not only emotion terms in Malay but also their different uses in [meN-], [meN‑ -i], [meN‑ -kan], and [‑kan]-only forms.
Temporal partitions in the grammaticalization of imperfective aspect markers
Authors: Dong Hongyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article proposes a new account for the typologically uncommon grammaticalization path from an adjective meaning ‘tight’ to a progressive aspect marker in Cantonese. I take a formal approach to explain the cognitive foundations in such a grammaticalization path by using formal semantic theories and tools. There are two components in the meaning of the progressive aspect, i.e. temporal inclusion and dynamism. The meaning ‘tight’ is transferred from the spatial domain to describe the close succession of events, which gives rise to the dynamic meaning component. Furthermore, this eventual dynamism is mapped to the temporal domain, which corresponds to the regular partition of the time interval with an infinitesimal measure in the semantics proposed by Deo (2009). My analysis is extended to explain the Cantonese habitual marker with an original meaning ‘open’, and to the use of morphological reduplication to express the imperfective aspect in languages from the Austronesian and Pama-Nyungan families. The theoretical contribution of this article is that the grammaticalization paths of certain aspect markers share a common cognitive foundation in terms of space, events, and time, but they may take different trajectories of evolution that target different parts of a functional morpheme with complex meanings.
From ‘two’ to a comitative-instrumental case marker
Authors: Zhou Chenlei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the comitative and instrumental case markers in the Chinese dialects and Altaic languages spoken in the Gansu-Qinghai Linguistic Area (GQLA) and finds a noteworthy phenomenon: one of the frequently used comitative-instrumental markers originated from the numeral ‘two’, a rare source for comitatives. The numeral ‘two’ is grammaticalized under the process of {‘two’ (appositive) > coordinator > comitative > instrumental}. This paper argues that the marker ‘two’ in Chinese dialects did not have an Altaic origin and was then borrowed for Chinese, asDwyer (1992)suggested. The fact that the comitative-instrumental markers in both Altaic (especially Mongolic) languages and Chinese dialects come from the numeral ‘two’ with comitative-instrumental syncretism reflects a regional innovation in GQLA.
A lab‐based comparison of differential ratings of perceived exertion between a run and jump protocol involving low or high impacts on the lower extremities
Authors: Houtmeyers Kobe C. , Brink Michel S. , Helsen Werner F. , Haelewijn Nicolas , Hagen Michiel , Jaspers Arne , Vanrenterghem Jos 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe rating of perceived exertion method (RPE) allows to describe training intensity in a single value. To better understand the underlying components, the separate rating of perceived breathlessness (RPE‐B) and leg‐muscle exertion (RPE‐L) has been proposed. Here we hypothesised that the separation between the two components may (partly) be determined by the impacts on the lower extremities. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the differential effect of high versus low impact running and jumping on RPE‐B and RPE‐L in team sport activities by manipulating the movement strategy (heel strike and passive landing pattern versus forefoot strike and active landing pattern). Eighteen recreational team sport players participated in two submaximal tests consisting of a sequence of running and jumping bouts, whilst ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected. RPE‐B and RPE‐L data were collected after each bout using the CR100 scale. Paired‐samples t‐tests were used to analyse between‐session differences in these variables. GRF analysis showed that absorption mechanics differed considerably between the two sessions. RPE‐L was on average 6.50 AU higher in the low impact session (p = 0.006). However, RPE‐B was also increased by 4.96 AU with low impact (p = 0.009). We conclude that the extent to which the lower extremities are being exposed to high or low impacts does not explain a possible separation between the two RPE types.Highlights
The separate rating of the different underlying components of RPE (e.g. variables related to the cardiorespiratory and the muscular system) may provide more insight in the relationship between training load and training outcomes, which likely differs between these components.
The findings of this study do not support the idea that the separation in rating between perceived breathlessness (RPE‐B, cardiorespiratory) and leg‐muscle exertion (RPE‐L, muscular) is also rooted in the extent to which musculoskeletal structures in the lower extremities are being exposed to high or low impacts.
Bounding uncertainties around the conceptual representation of species in radiological assessment in the context of routine atmospheric release
Authors: Charrasse Benoit , Mora Juan C , Anderson Tracey , Bonchuk Yuri , Telleria Diego 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wildlife protection has become of regulatory interest since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) developed an approach to assess the level of radiological protection specifically for animals and plants. For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with regulation to protect the environment against routine authorised discharges from nuclear facilities, the wide variety of biota inhabiting an ecosystem needs to be condensed to a limited set of representative organisms, as proposed by the ICRP with a set of ‘reference animals and plants’ which can be considered representative of many other species. It is now recommended in the International Atomic Energy Agency Safety Standards, and internationally accepted, that the use of such a limited number of organisms to represent a pool of species is adequate for radiation protection purposes, particularly in planned exposure situations. Adding site-specific species to that set of surrogate species can respond to various interests, such as ensuring a site-specific context to the assessment that addresses stakeholder interests and can aid in stakeholder consultation and risk communication. Moreover, there is a need to question whether the use of the set of surrogate organisms is conservative enough to cover a wider range of biodiversity. Previous studies partially answered this question and this paper adds a range of test cases. A selection of hypothetical representations of possible site-specific species are assessed on the basis of possible variations in size (mass) and occupancy habits. Dose rates are evaluated to determine the greatest difference between hypothetical organisms and those for reference organisms (ROs), considering radionuclides (RNs) potentially discharged in atmospheric routine release from different nuclear facilities. Differences observed in the results between hypothetical organisms and ROs were less than one order of magnitude in all cases, the difference being dependent on the RNs considered. These findings do not preclude the inclusion of site-specific species in environmental radiological assessments if it is considered necessary, but they provide reassurance that using ROs for radiological impact assessments in the case of routine atmospheric discharges is sufficient.
A new approach for simulating D-T fusion interaction using the Geant4 toolkit
Authors: Mohtashami S. , Moshkbar-Bakhshayesh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the Geant4 toolkit is utilized to present a
new approach for simulation of the D-T interaction. The neutron
production cross-section and the energy/angle distribution of
neutrons produced as the D-T data libraries are incorporated in the
Geant4, and their performance is evaluated. The spectra shape of the
produced neutrons of the D-T interaction simulated by the Geant4
show good agreement compared to the results of the comparative codes
(i.e. MCUNED, ENEA-JSI, and DDT). However, some differences are
observed, especially, in angular range of 90–95 degrees. The reason
for these differences as well as the results of the proposed
approach in comparison with the results of the benchmark experiments
as the next study are under consideration.
Gelatin-glucosamine hydrochloride/crosslinked-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks@IBU composite hydrogel long-term sustained drug delivery system for osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Yang Hui , Hu Yinchun , Kang Min , Ding Huixiu , Gong Yue , Yin Xiangfei , Sun Ruize , Qin Yuhong , Wei Yan , Huang Di 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of articular cartilage degradation and inflammation of the joint capsule. Combining anti-inflammatory therapy with nutritional supplement is an effective means for the treatment of OA. In this study, we prepared gelatin (Gel)-glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) mixed crosslinked-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (G-GH/CL-CD-MOF) composite hydrogel. Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was the crosslinking agent of GH and Gel to solve the problem of poor mechanical properties and water solubility at 37 °C. CL-CD-MOF was fabricated through a simple one-step chemical reaction to crosslink the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in CD-MOF with diphenyl carbonate. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis of CL-CD-MOF showed perfect porous morphology with a chaotic internal structure. CL-CD-MOF@IBU was prepared by immersing CL-CD-MOF in high-concentration ibuprofen (IBU) solution. CL-CD-MOF@IBU was uniformly dispersed in Gel and GH mixed solution to prepare G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel long-term sustained drug delivery system. The compression curve of G-GH/CL-CD-MOF composite hydrogel showed a non-linear elastic behavior. The cyclic loading–unloading compression showed that the shape of the G-GH/CL-CD-MOF composite hydrogel can be kept intact under 50% strain. On the day 14, the G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel was degraded by 87.1%, 61% of IBU was released. G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU exhibited good biocompatibility during co-culture with MC3T3-E1 cells. Briefly, the certain mechanical properties, sustained drug release behavior, and good biocompatibility of G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel showed that it has potential application in OA treatment of long-term sustained nutritional supplement and anti-inflammatory synchronously.
Strontium-loaded titanium implant with rough surface modulates osseointegration by changing sfrp4 in canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Xin He , Ning Xiaona , Zhang Yubohan , Liu Fuwei , Zhang Zhouyang , Jia Xuelian , Guo Weiwei , Hong Yonglong , Sui Wen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A rough morphology and strontium (Sr) can activate the Wnt pathway to regulate bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) osteogenic differentiation, but the mechanism remains unclear. We constructed smooth Ti (ST) surfaces, rough Ti (RT) surfaces subjected to hydrofluoric acid etching, strontium-loaded smooth Ti (ST-Sr) surfaces subjected to magnetron sputtering, and rough strontium-loaded Ti (RT-Sr) surfaces. We systematically studied the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on these four surfaces by alkaline phosphatase measurement, Alizarin Red staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also investigated whether crosstalk of the canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways regulated by sfrp4, which is an inhibitor of canonical and noncanonical Wnt, is the underlying mechanism via PCR on rBMSCs in different stages of osteogenic differentiation. We confirmed the effect of sfrp4 through an in vivo sfrp4-siRNA test. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs decreased in the order RT-Sr, RT, ST-Sr, and ST. Regarding the mechanism, rough morphology and Sr both enhanced the canonical Wnt pathway to promote osseointegration. Additionally, rough morphology can inhibit sfrp4 to activate the noncanonical Wnt pathway, and then, the activated noncanonical Wnt pathway can suppress the canonical Wnt pathway at the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. Sr continuously enhanced sfrp4 to inhibit the canonical Wnt pathway instead of activating the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Interestingly, the effect of rough morphology on sfrp4 changed from inhibition to enhancement, and the enhancing effect of Sr on sfrp4 was gradually attenuated. The results of the in vivo sfrp4-siRNA test showed that osseointegration decreased in the order RT-Sr, RT-Sr-siRNA, and ST. Our results suggest that the lack of sfrp4 could suppress osseointegration, indicating that sfrp4 acts as a crucial regulatory molecule for the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways during the response of rBMSCs to rough morphology and Sr.
Cumulative disturbance converts regional forests into a substantial carbon source
Authors: Giles-Hansen Krysta , Wei Xiaohua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
British Columbia’s interior forests (∼400 000 km2) have experienced severe cumulative disturbance from harvesting, wildfires, and mountain pine beetle (MPB). Estimating their impacts on carbon dynamics is critical for effective forest management and climate-change mitigation strategies. This study quantifies the magnitude of historical cumulative forest disturbances and models the effect on regional carbon stocks and emissions using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Service from 1980 to 2018. The study region has been a sustained carbon source since 2003, with an estimated net biome production of −18.6 ± 4.6 gC m−2 yr−1 from 2003 to 2016, dropping to −90.4 ± 8.6 gC m−2 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 due to large-scale wildfires. MPB affected areas emitted an estimated 268 ± 28 Mt C from 2000 to 2018. Harvesting transferred an estimated 153 ± 14 Mt C to forest products and these areas also emitted 343 ± 27 Mt C in 2000–2018. Areas disturbed by wildfire from 2000 to 2018 generated an estimated 100 ± 8 Mt C of emissions, 73% of which were from 2017 and 2018. Of the area burned between 2014 and 2018, 38% had been previously affected by MPB, highlighting landscape-level interactions of cumulative forest disturbance. Approximately half of decomposition carbon emissions from disturbances in 2000–2018 were calculated as incremental to the decomposition that would have otherwise occurred without MPB disturbance. The average net primary production was reduced by 10% to 335 ± 31 gC m−2 yr−1 from 2000 to 2018. We conclude that cumulative forest disturbance has driven the region’s forests to become a sustained carbon source over the past two decades. While MPB and harvesting were dominant and consistent drivers, recent severe wildfires have prolonged and strengthened the carbon source. Increased disturbances, driven in part by climate change, may limit the ability of regional forests to meet national carbon emission reduction targets.
Jamming and percolation in the random sequential adsorption of a binary mixture on the square lattice
Authors: Kundu Sumanta , Prates Henrique C , Araújo Nuno A M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the competitive irreversible adsorption of a binary mixture of monomers and square-shaped particles of linear size R on the square lattice. With the random sequential adsorption model, we investigate how the jamming coverage and percolation properties depend on the size ratio R and relative flux F. We find that the onset of percolation of monomers is always lower for the binary mixture than in the case with only monomers (R = 1). Moreover, for values F below a critical value, the higher is the flux or size of the largest species, the lower is the value of the percolation threshold for monomers.
Multiple-SLE
κ
connectivity weights for rectangles, hexagons, and octagons
Authors: Flores Steven M , Simmons Jacob J H , Kleban Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In previous work, two of the authors determined, completely and rigorously, a solution space

S

N

for a homogeneous system of 2N + 3 linear partial differential equations (PDEs) in 2N variables that arises in conformal field theory (CFT) and multiple Schramm–Löwner evolution (SLE
κ
). The system comprises 2N null-state equations and three conformal ward identities that govern CFT correlation functions of 2N one-leg boundary operators or SLE
κ
partition functions. M Bauer et al conjectured a formula, expressed in terms of ‘pure SLE
κ
partition functions,’ for the probability that the growing curves of a multiple-SLE
κ
process join in a particular connectivity. In a previous article, we rigorously define certain elements of

S

N

, which we call ‘connectivity weights,’ argue that they are in fact pure SLE
κ
partition functions, and show how to find explicit formulas for them in terms of Coulomb gas contour integrals. Our formal definition of the connectivity weights immediately leads to a method for finding explicit expressions for them. However, this method gives very complicated formulas where simpler versions may be available, and it is not applicable for certain values of κ ∈ (0, 8) corresponding to well-known critical lattice models in statistical mechanics. In this article, we determine expressions for all connectivity weights in

S

N

for N ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4} (those with N ∈ {3, 4} are new) and for so-called ‘rainbow connectivity weights’ in

S

N

for all

N
∈

Z

+

+
1

. We verify these formulas by explicitly showing that they satisfy the formal definition of a connectivity weight. In appendix B, we investigate logarithmic singularities of some of these expressions, appearing for certain values of κ predicted by logarithmic CFT.
Assessing void in Grade-A office buildings in Lagos metropolis
Authors: Iroham C.O. , Salubi D.O. , Okagbue H.I. , Oletubo A.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The evidence of void in the most categorized office buildings, Grade-A Office Buildings, spurred this research. It was conceived that such office buildings that are built with every form of specifications should be the choice of occupants and as such should not experience any void. This study thereby aimed at discovering factors that lead to such void, proportion of void experienced and the average rent loss and period of void as a result of the lull in the property market for such class of property. The research being a survey entailed the distribution of questionnaires to the property managers of the twelve identified Grade-A Office Buildings in the study area. Data gotten were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Subsequent discussions were made in line with proffered suggestion with a view to eradicating or at least reducing the void so as to enhance the investment outcome.
Evaluation of background radiation of Maryland School complex, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Morakinyo R.O. , Usikalu M.R. , Orosun M.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The background radiation of Maryland School Complex was taken using RS-125 hand-held gamma spectrometer. The average concentration of the measured radionuclides were 19.16, 46.14, 165.00 Bq/kg for 238U, 232Thand 40K, respectively. The average value of measured dose rate and the estimated dose rate were 44.93 and 43.55Bq/kg. The mean values of the estimated radiological parameter were 53.45, 213.78μSv/y for indoor and outdoor annual effective dose. The excess lifetime cancer risk averaged 0.17, the hazard indices were 0.26 and 0.32 for external and internal respectively. The annual gonadal dose and radium equivalent were 303.90 μSv/y and 97.85 Bq/kg, while the gamma representative index was 0.69. The mean concentration of radionuclides measured and the estimated radiological parameter were within the recommended values. This therefore follows that the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation for both the staff and the students of the community is within acceptable limits.
Analysis of Solar Ultraviolet radiation Index over Nigeria, West Africa
Authors: Arijaje T.E. , Omotosho T.V. , Akinwumi S.A. , Ometan O.O. , Fashade O.O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
UV solar radiation are essential for living here on earth, however, at extreme levels, it becomes harmful to all organism with negative effects on humans due to UV-A and UV-B penetrating the earth’s surface. UV radiation index was analyzed over Nigeria, using ten years daily data extracted from the archive of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on-board the EOS Aura spacecraft at a coordinate of 9.08° N, 9. 67° E. The result showed that solar UV radiation is at its peak at local noon time from January 2010 to December 2019. The peak value was observed in the month of November, December, January, February, and March. Hence, the study revealed that the ultraviolet index over Nigeria's varies from high to extreme (i.e., from the Southern to the Northern regions). In conclusion, our findings will create an awareness on those regions with extreme UV radiation and measures such as using sun glasses, umbrellas and putting on protective clothes against the harmful effect of UV radiation.