bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Growth and Yield of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv)
Authors: Shivashakarappa Kuber , Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Ajjappala Brijesh S. , Kadi Ajay , Vuppula Abhilash 
Published: October 2022

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a sustainable way for efficient absorption and utilization of nutrients by crop species to enhance growth and yield and persistence against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the use of PGPRs in drought tolerant crops such as foxtail millet is limited because of the low adaptability of PGPRs to the low moisture conditions. In this study, PGPRs acclimatised to low moisture conditions, were isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum and their growth and yield promoting effect on foxtail millet was studied. Four isolates, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Pantoea Stewart were isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum cultivated on black soils. Further their identity was confirmed by sequencing 16S rDNA.
Foxtail millet seeds were inoculated with the newly isolated PGPR strains and evaluated for their effect on shoot and root growth under greenhouse conditions. Effect of PGPRs on yield related traits such as ear-head weight, grain weight, fodder weight, and ear-head length were assessed under field conditions. Newly isolated PGPRs boosted average root and shoot length when seeds were inoculated with Bacillus cereus (19.33 cm) and Pseudomonas putida (28.66 cm), respectively. On the other hand, among the four bacterial cultures, Bacillus subtilis enhanced grain weight (40.42%), ear-head weight (30.19%), fodder weight (49.72%) and ear-head length (42.56%) compared to the control group under field conditions. When considered collectively, the empirical evidence suggests that PGPR can improve crop growth and yield under greenhouse and field conditions.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Effects of Carvacrol in a D-(+)-Galactose-Induced aging Model
Authors: Dantas Sabine Helena , Almeida Arthur José Pontes de , Gonçalves Tays Amanda Felisberto , Araújo Islania Gisélia Albuquerque , Rezende Mathania Silva de Almeida , Veras Robson Cavalcante , Silva Antônia Lêda , Medeiros Isac Almeida de 
Published: October 2022

Aim: To evaluate the cardiovascular effect of carvacrol treatment in a D(+)galactose accelerated aging model, investigating effects on vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, and systolic blood pressure (SBP).
Methodology: Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for oral treatment for eight weeks. Organ baths were used for vascular reactivity studies (FEN, ACh, and NPS), fluorescence microscopy to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS, using DHE probe), and Tail-Cuff for systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements. Non-linear regression was used to create the concentration-response curves. Emax denotes the tissue's maximum response.
Results: The aged rats showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity by the DHE probe compared to the CTL group (CTL=100 ± 3.6%, n=5 and Dgal=167.7 ± 7.9%, n=5, respectively). However, the levels of ROS in the carvacrol-treated groups were significantly attenuated in the Dgal+C50 (138.8 ± 4.5%, n=5) and Dgal+C100 (130.0 ± 5.5%, n=5) groups. The animals of the Dgal group presented hypertension through the significant increase in SBP compared to the CTL group (CTL=135.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, n=6, Dgal=170.9 ± 2.0 mmHg, n=9, respectively). The increased SBP of Dgal rats could be reversed by treatment with carvacrol (Dgal+C50=137.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, n=5, and Dgal+C100=124.6 ± 8.2 mmHg, n=5, respectively. On the other hand, carvacrol was unable to restore the ACh-induced vasorelaxation effect found in CTL (Emax=100.0 ± 3.9%), Dgal (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%), Dgal+C50 (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%) and Dgal+C100 (Emax=82.1 ± 6.2 %).
Conclusion: Carvacrol shows protective antioxidant effects capable of reducing SBP in aged animals, being an important tool in promoting healthy aging.
Dynamic Epitaxial Growth of Organic Heterostructures for Polarized Exciton Conversion
Authors: Wu Bin , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Han Jing‐Yu , Su Yang , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Sun Ji‐Hao , Gao Yang , Chen Song , Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Wang Xue‐Dong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly spatial and angular precision in epitaxial‐growth process is crucial for constructing organic low‐dimensional heterostructures (OLDHs) with the desired substructures, which remains significant challenge owing to the unpredicted location of complex heterogeneous nucleation. Herein, a dynamic epitaxial‐growth approach is developed along the tailored longitudinal/horizontal directions to create diverse OLDHs with hierarchical architectures. The controlled morphology evolution of seed crystals from kinetic to thermodynamic species is achieved via incrementally increasing the crystallization time from 0 to 600 s. Accordingly, the kinetic and thermodynamic seed crystals respectively present the specific lattice‐matching crystal‐planes of (100) and (011), which facilitates the longitudinal epitaxial‐growth (LG) process for triblock heterostructures, and the horizontal epitaxial‐growth (HG) process for axial‐branch heterostructures. The dominant core/shell heterostructures are prepared via both LG and HG processes with a crystallization time of ≈30 s. Significantly, these prepared OLDHs realize the rationally polarized exciton conversion for optical logic gate application through the exciton conversion and photon propagation at the heterojunction. This strategy provides an avenue for the precise synthesis of OLDHs with anisotropy optical characters for integrated optoelectronics.
Skyrmions Under Control—FIB Irradiation as a Versatile Tool for Skyrmion Circuits
Authors: Ahrens Valentin , Kiesselbach Clara , Gnoli Luca , Giuliano Domenico , Mendisch Simon , Kiechle Martina , Riente Fabrizio , Becherer Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnetic data storage and processing offer certain advances over conventional technologies, amongst which nonvolatility and low power operation are the most outstanding ones. Skyrmions are a promising candidate as a magnetic data carrier. However, the sputtering of skyrmion films and the control of the skyrmion nucleation, motion, and annihilation remains challenging. This work demonstrates that using optimized focused ion beam irradiation and annealing protocols enables the skyrmion phase in W/CoFeB/MgO thin films to be accessed easily. By analyzing ion‐beam‐engineered skyrmion hosting wires, excited by sub‐100 ns current pulses, possibilities to control skyrmion nucleation, guide their motion, and control their annihilation unfold. Overall, the key elements needed to develop extensive skyrmion networks are presented.
A Polarization‐Modulated Information Metasurface for Encryption Wireless Communications
Authors: Wang Hai Lin , Ma Hui Feng , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProgrammable and information metasurfaces have shown great potentials in wireless communications, but there are few reports on encrypted communications. In this paper, a programmable polarization‐modulated (PoM) information metasurface is proposed, which can not only customize arbitrarily linearly polarized reflected waves, but also modulate their amplitudes in real time. Based on this feature, a physical‐level wireless communication encryption scheme is presented and experimentally demonstrated by introducing a meta‐key, which can be encrypted and sent by the programmable PoM information metasurface. To be specific, the key is encoded and concealed into different linear polarization channels, and then modulated and transmitted by the information metasurface at the transmitting end. At the receiving end, the modulated signal can be received and decoded by using a pair of polarization discrimination antennas. A wireless transceiver system is established to verify the feasibility of the scheme. It is shown that, once the meta‐key is obtained, the corresponding encrypted target information that has been sent to the user in advance can be recovered.
All‐Electric Spin Device Operation Using the Weyl Semimetal, WTe2, at Room Temperature
Authors: Ohnishi Kosuke , Aoki Motomi , Ohshima Ryo , Shigematsu Ei , Ando Yuichiro , Takenobu Taishi , Shiraishi Masashi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopological quantum materials (TQMs) possess abundant and attractive spin physics, and a Weyl semimetal is the representative material because of the generation of spin polarization that is available for spin devices due to its Weyl nature. Meanwhile, a Weyl semimetal allows the other but unexplored spin polarization due to local symmetry breaking. Here, all‐electric spin device operation using a type‐II Weyl semimetal, WTe2, at room temperature is reported. The polarization of spins propagating in the all‐electric device is perpendicular to the WTe2 plane, which is ascribed to local in‐plane symmetry breaking in WTe2, yielding the spin polarization creation of propagating charged carriers, namely, the spin‐polarized state creation from the nonpolarized state. Systematic control experiments unequivocally negate unexpected artifacts, such as the anomalous Hall effect, the anisotropic magnetoresistance, etc. Creation of all‐electric spin devices made of TQMs and their operation at room temperature can pave a new pathway for novel spin devices made of TQMs resilient to thermal fluctuation.
The restoration potential of offshore mussel farming on degraded seabed habitat
Authors: Bridger Danielle , Attrill Martin J. , Davies Bede F. R. , Holmes Luke A. , Cartwright Amy , Rees Siân E. , Cabre Llucia Mascorda , Sheehan Emma V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe United Kingdom's first large‐scale, offshore, long‐line mussel farm deployed its first ropes in 2013 in Lyme Bay, southwest United Kingdom, located in an area of seabed that was heavily degraded due to historic bottom‐towed fishing. It was hypothesised that due to the artificial structures that accumulate mussels and exclude destructive fishing practices, the seabed could be restored. To assess the restoration potential of the farm and its ecosystem interactions over time, a multi‐method, annual monitoring approach was undertaken. Here, we tested the effects of the farm trial stations on the seabed habitat, epifauna and demersal species over 5 years. Responses of % mussel cover, sessile and sedentary, and mobile taxa were measured using three video methods. Within 2 years of infrastructure deployment, mussel clumps and shells were detected below the headlines, increasing the structural complexity of the seabed. After 4 years, there was a significantly greater abundance of mobile taxa compared to the Controls that remained open to trawling. Commercial European lobster and edible crab were almost exclusively recorded within the farm. We discuss whether these findings can be considered a restoration of the seabed and how these data can be used to inform the future management of offshore mariculture globally.
Generalized n‐Locality Inequalities in Linear‐Chain Network for Arbitrary Inputs Scenario and Their Quantum Violations
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Pan A. K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultipartite nonlocality in a network is conceptually different from standard multipartite Bell nonlocality. In recent times, network nonlocality has been studied for various topologies. A linear‐chain topology of the network is considered and the quantum nonlocality (the non‐n‐locality) is demonstrated. Such a network scenario involves n number of independent sources and parties, two edge parties (Alice and Charlie), and central parties (Bobs). It is commonly assumed that each party receives only two inputs. In this work, a generalized scenario where the edge parties receive an arbitrary n number of inputs (equals to a number of independent sources) is considered and each of the central parties receives two inputs. A family of generalized n‐locality inequalities for a linear‐chain network for arbitrary n is derived and the optimal quantum violation of the inequalities is demonstrated. An elegant sum‐of‐squares approach enabling the derivation of the optimal quantum violation of aforesaid inequalities without assuming the dimension of the system is introduced. It is shown that the optimal quantum violation requires the observables of edge parties to be mutually anticommuting.
3,4‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)hexane‐1,6‐diol‐based Maltosides (HDMs) for Membrane‐Protein Study: Importance of Detergent Rigidity–Flexibility Balance in Protein Stability
Authors: Lee Hyun Sung , Das Manabendra , Mahler Florian , Ahmed Waqar , Wang Haoqing , Mortensen Jonas S. , Hariharan Parameswaran , Ghani Lubna , Byrne Bernadette , Guan Lan , Loland Claus J. , Keller Sandro , Chae Pil Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetergents have been major contributors to membrane‐protein structural study for decades. However, membrane proteins solubilized in conventional detergents tend to aggregate or denature over time. Stability of large eukaryotic membrane proteins with complex structures tends to be particularly poor, necessitating development of novel detergents with improved properties. Here, we prepared a novel class of detergents, designated 3,4‐bis(hydroxymethyl)hexane‐1,6‐diol‐based maltosides (HDMs). When tested on three membrane proteins, including two G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), the new detergents displayed significantly better behaviors compared with DDM. Moreover, the HDMs were superior or comparable to LMNG, an amphiphile widely used for GPCR structural study. An optimal balance of detergent rigidity vs. flexibility of the HDMs is likely responsible for their favorable behaviors toward membrane‐protein stability. Thus, the current study not only introduces the HDMs, with significant potential for membrane‐protein structural study, but also suggests a useful guideline for designing novel detergents for membrane‐protein research.
The journey toward the integrated reporting of Italian airport operators: Empirical evidence
Authors: Thomas Antonio , Scandurra Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increased managerial complexity that emerged in the last decades has also determined the need to quantitatively and qualitatively improve companies' disclosures, especially in relation to how financial or non‐financial performances are achieved. According to the majority of business administrators and accounting scholars, the reporting tool that currently fulfils the aforementioned purposes lies in implementing the so‐called integrated report (<IR>). In this view, this research aims at understanding if and how the Italian airport operators are approaching the drafting of an <IR>. The airport operators' sector is particularly significant because of the relevant social and environmental impact it exerts on the external context. For this reason, it is important to understand how they try to satisfy the stakeholders' requests. Thus, following the format already tested in other similar investigations, this study carries out an analysis of social or sustainability reports published by these companies to determine which of the key elements of the first internationally recognized <IR> are already included in such reports. The findings show that reporting scores range from 40 to 70%. As expected, the current reporting lacks the key connections required from the <IR> and shows a little looking‐forward orientation. Nevertheless, these reports already contain some typical elements of <IR>, such as materiality analysis and stakeholders' engagements, which could constitute the pillars to evolve these reports into a real <IR>.
Oscillating Flow of Power‐Law Fluids over a Sphere: Drag and Nusselt Number Behavior
Authors: Mishra Garima , Chhabra Rajendra Prasad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe forced convection flow and heat transfer aspects of an isothermal sphere in an oscillating stream of power‐law fluids in the range of 5 ≤ Re ≤ 120 and 0.3 ≤ n ≤ 1.5 are numerically investigated. The effects of shear‐dependent viscosity and oscillatory flow features on the temporal variation of streamlines, patterns of streaming flows, drag coefficient, and Nusselt number are examined in depth. The power‐law index modulates the transition of the steady streaming flows between two distinct streaming regimes. Overall, shear‐thinning fluids at low oscillation frequencies are observed to yield significant increase in heat transfer. Due to the phase lag in the momentum boundary layer, the drag coefficient exhibits a phase lag ranging from π/2 to 4π/5 whereas the Nusselt number lags by about 50 % of these values.
Evaluating antitumor activity of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase against head and neck patient‐derived xenografts
Authors: Rab Regina , Ehrhardt Annette , Achyut Bhagelu R. , Joshi Disha , Gilbert‐Ross Melissa , Huang Chunzi , Floyd Katharine , Borovjagin Anton V. , Parker William B. , Sorscher Eric J. , Hong Jeong S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPurine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene transfer represents a promising approach to treatment of head and neck malignancies. We tested recombinant adenovirus already in phase I/II clinical testing and leading‐edge patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) as a means to optimize this therapeutic strategy.MethodsOur experiments investigated purine base cytotoxicity, PNP enzyme activity following treatment of malignant tissue, tumor mass regression, viral receptor studies, and transduction by tropism‐modified adenovirus.ResultsReplication deficient vector efficiently transduced PDX cells and mediated significant anticancer effect following treatment with fludarabine phosphate in vivo. Either 6‐methylpurine or 2‐fluoroadenine (toxic molecules generated by the PNP approach) ablated head and neck cancer cell proliferation. High levels of adenovirus‐3 specific receptors were detected in human tumor models, and vector was evaluated that utilizes this pathway.ConclusionsOur studies provide the scientific foundation necessary to improve PNP prodrug cleavage and advance a new treatment for head and neck cancer.
Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 gene and its association with malignancy
Authors: Hassani Mohammad Arian , Murid Jamshid , Yan Jinsong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the progression of next‐generation sequencing technologies, researchers have identified numerous variants of the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene that are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, including malignancies. At the molecular level, RTEL1 is involved in the regulation of the repair, replication, and transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the maintenance of telomere length. RTEL1 can act both as a promotor and inhibitor of tumorigenesis. Here, we review the potential mechanisms implicated in the malignant transformation of tissues under conditions of RTEL1 deficiency or its aberrant overexpression.Recent findingsA major hemostatic challenge during RTEL1 dysfunction could arise from its unbalanced activity for unwinding guanine‐rich quadruplex DNA (G4‐DNA) structures. In contrast, RTEL1 deficiency leads to alterations in telomeric and genome‐wide DNA maintenance mechanisms, ribonucleoprotein metabolism, and the creation of an inflammatory and immune‐deficient microenvironment, all promoting malignancy. Additionally, we hypothesize that functionally similar molecules could act to compensate for the deteriorated functions of RTEL1, thereby facilitating the survival of malignant cells. On the contrary, RTEL1 over‐expression was directed toward G4‐unwinding, by promoting replication fork progression and maintaining intact telomeres, may facilitate malignant transformation and proliferation of various pre‐malignant cellular compartments.ConclusionsTherefore, restoring the equilibrium of RTEL1 functions could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating malignancies.
Thermally Induced Oxygen Vacancies in BiOCl Nanosheets and Their Impact on Photoelectrochemical Performance**
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Oropeza Freddy E. , den Boer Daan , Kleinschmidt Peter , Hannappel Thomas , Hetterscheid Dennis G. H. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Hofmann Jan P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxygen vacancies (OVs) have been reported to significantly alter the photocatalytic properties of BiOCl nanosheets. However, their formation mechanism and their role in the enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance remain unclear. In this work, thermally induced oxygen vacancies are introduced in BiOCl nanosheets by annealing in He atmosphere at various temperatures and their formation mechanism is investigated by in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFTS) measurements. The influence of OVs on band offset, carrier concentrations and photoelectrochemical performance are systematically studied. The results show that (1) the surface of BiOCl nanosheets is extremely sensitive to temperature and defects are formed at temperatures as low as 200 °C in inert atmosphere. (2) The formation of surface and bulk OVs in BiOCl is identified by a combination of XPS, in‐situ DRIFTS, and EPR experiments. (3) The photocurrent of BiOCl is limited by the concentration of charge carriers and shallow defect states induced by bulk oxygen vacancies, while the modulation of these parameters can effectively increase light absorption and carrier concentration leading to an enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance of BiOCl.
Does consumer social responsibility augment corporate social responsibility: A reciprocal analysis of external stakeholder from stakeholder theory perspective
Authors: Tian Huawei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study attempts to reveal the reciprocal analysis between the corporates and external stakeholders to substantiate the nexus how socially responsible practices amplify the repute of organizations. This study fulfills the literature gap by investigating the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and external stakeholders (consumers) by equipping consumer social responsibility (CnSR) as an intervening variable from the stance of stakeholder theory. The results by engaging SEM model demonstrated the positive connection of CSR on consumers in terms of two streams, that is, satisfaction toward CSR‐oriented firms and retention toward CSR‐oriented firms. The extended testing uncovered the positive moderating impact of CnSR and education on consumers' satisfaction and retention. These findings yield two‐way insights to augment green and environment‐friendly reciprocal connections in shaping a better community. In addition, how CnSR can bridge the gap is another interesting outcome of the study whereby experts may consider such a gauge for future work to report more exciting findings from assorted perspectives worldwide.