bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lightweight hybrid deep learning system for cardiac valvular disease classification
Authors: Al-Issa Yazan , Alqudah Ali Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a prominent cause of death globally. The introduction of medical big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology encouraged the effort to develop and deploy deep learning models for distinguishing heart sound abnormalities. These systems employ phonocardiogram (PCG) signals because of their lack of sophistication and cost-effectiveness. Automated and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) helps alleviate deadly complications. In this research, a cardiac diagnostic system that combined CNN and LSTM components was developed, it uses phonocardiogram (PCG) signals, and utilizes either augmented or non-augmented datasets. The proposed model discriminates five heart valvular conditions, namely normal, Aortic Stenosis (AS), Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Mitral Stenosis (MS), and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). The findings demonstrate that the suggested end-to-end architecture yields outstanding performance concerning all important evaluation metrics. For the five classes problem using the open heart sound dataset, accuracy was 98.5%, F1-score was 98.501%, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.9978 for the non-augmented dataset and accuracy was 99.87%, F1-score was 99.87%, and AUC was 0.9985 for the augmented dataset. Model performance was further evaluated using the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology 2016 challenge dataset, for the two classes problem, accuracy was 93.76%, F1-score was 85.59%, and AUC was 0.9505. The achieved results show that the proposed system outperforms all previous works that use the same audio signal databases. In the future, the findings will help build a multimodal structure that uses both PCG and ECG signals.
Massive metamaterial system-loaded MIMO antenna array for 5G base stations
Authors: Al-Bawri Samir Salem , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Islam Md Shabiul , Singh Mandeep Jit , Alsaif Haitham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn integrated massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) antenna system loaded with metamaterial (MTM) is proposed in this article for fifth-generation (5G) applications. Besides, achievement of duple negative (DNG) characteristics using a proposed compact complementary split-ring resonator (SRR), a broad epsilon negative metamaterial (ENG) with more than 1 GHz bandwidth (BW), and near-zero refractive index (NZRI) features are presented. The proposed mMIMO antenna consists of eight subarrays with three layers that operate in the 5G mind band at 3.5 GHz (3.40–3.65 GHz) with high port isolation between adjacent antenna elements compared to an antenna that does not use MTM. Each subarray has two patches on the top layer, while the middle and bottom layers have two categories of full and partial ground plans, respectively. Simulated, produced, and tested are 32 elements with a total volume of 184 × 340 × 1.575 mm3. The measured findings reveal that the sub-6 antenna has a better than 10 dB reflection coefficient (S11), a lower than 35 dB isolation, and a peak gain of 10.6 dBi for each subarray. Furthermore, the recommended antenna loaded with MTM has demonstrated good MIMO performance with an ECC of less than 0.0001, total efficiencies of more than 90%, more than 300 MHz bandwidth, and an overall gain of 19.5 dBi.
Effects of age on dynamic balance measures and their correlation during walking across the adult lifespan
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeshi , Masani Kei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to discover (1) the effects of age on dynamic balance measures, including the margin of stability (MOS), whole-body angular momentum (H), and misalignment of the desired and measured centers of pressure (dCOP and mCOP, respectively) in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, (2) the relationship between gait parameters and these balance measures, and (3) the relationships between these balance measures. We used the kinetic and kinematic data of 151 participants aged 20–77 years from a publicly available database. Participants were divided into three groups: young, middle-aged, and old. The step width of the old group was higher than that of the young group. Age-related differences in dynamic measures were found in the ML direction and not in the AP direction: MOS, peak-to-peak range of H, and dCOP–mCOP in the old group were greater than in the young group. ML MOS positively correlated with the frontal peak-to-peak range of H. The ML peak-to-peak range of H positively correlated with ML dCOP–mCOP across the adult lifespan. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the effects of age on dynamic balance and the relationships between the metrics. Older adults walked with a larger step width, resulting in a large stability margin in the ML direction, although with increased moment and momentum around the center of mass in the frontal plane.
Spatial heterogeneity of urban–rural integration and its influencing factors in Shandong province of China
Authors: Shan Baoyan , Zhang Qiao , Ren Qixin , Yu Xinwei , Chen Yanqiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on nighttime light data and statistical data, this study calculated the level of urban–rural integration (URI) of Shandong province, researched spatial heterogeneity of URI levels by local spatial autocorrelation analysis, Geodetector, and geographically weighted regression, and analyzed its influencing factors and spatial heterogeneity. The results concluded that: (1) The spatial pattern of urban–rural integrated level is consistent with the level of regional economic development in Shandong province. The level of URI is higher along the Qingdao–Jinan railway and along the coast, whereas the level is lower in southwest Shandong and northwest Shandong. (2) The cities of Yantai and Weifang are High–High cluster areas of urban integration, and Jining is a Low–Low cluster area. The spatial agglomeration characteristics are not significant in other cities. (3) Among the main factors affecting URI, the explanatory power of the rural population with high school or technical secondary school education or above, the area of urban construction land, and the secondary and tertiary industry GDP to the spatial pattern of URI in Shandong province are 73.58%, 62.08%, and 58.66%, respectively. As the key factors, spatial heterogeneity, such as north–south differences, southwest-to-northeast differences, and east–west differences, is evident.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of microbes isolated from individuals attending private diagnostic centre in Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Anning Alberta Serwah , Baah Emmanuel , Buabeng Suzzana Dickson , Baiden Bernice Gloria , Aboagye Benjamin , Opoku Yeboah Kwaku , Afutu Leslie Larry , Ghartey-Kwansah George 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evidence of rising numbers of multidrug-resistant organisms requires the implementation of effective stewardship programs. However, this should be informed by evidence-based knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. The current study aims to establish the prevalence of common pathogenic microbes including their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and distribution in the Cape Coast Metropolis. This was a retrospective study where microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 331 patients were reviewed from January to December 2019, at a private health centre. All data were analysed using Excel (Microsoft Office, USA), SPSS and GraphPad Prism 8 software programs. Among the samples tested, 125 (37.76%) were positive for microbes with high vaginal swab (HVS) samples recording the highest number of pathogens (44%), followed by urine (40%) and both pleural and semen samples having the least (0.3% each). Again, gram-negative isolates were more prevalent than the gram-positive isolates. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was very significant with isolates resistant to more than one antibiotic (P < 0.05). Escherichia coli showed the highest level of resistance, followed by Citrobacter spp. These were followed by Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Commensals and Candida spp. The high resistance pattern suggests an inevitable catastrophe requiring continuous monitoring and implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship.
SARS-CoV-2-reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood do not correlate with clinical severity in unvaccinated critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Olea Beatriz , Albert Eliseo , Giménez Estela , Torres Ignacio , Amat Paula , Remigia María José , Alberola Juan , Carbonell Nieves , Ferreres José , Blasco María Luisa , Navarro David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examined the relationship between peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike protein)1/M (Membrane protein)-reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, serum levels of biomarkers of clinical severity, and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The potential association between SARS-CoV-2-S-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels in sera and mortality was also investigated. SARS-CoV-2 T cells and anti-RBD IgG levels were monitored in 71 non-consecutive patients (49 male and 22 female; median age, 65 years) by whole-blood flow cytometry and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively (326 specimens). SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in paired tracheal aspirates [TA] (n = 147) were available from 54 patients. Serum levels of interleukin-6, ferritin, D-Dimer, lactose dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein in paired sera were known. SARS-CoV-2 T cells (either CD4+, CD8+ or both) were detectable in 70 patients. SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ CD4+ T-cell responses were documented more frequently than their CD8+ counterparts (62 vs. 56 patients) and were of greater magnitude overall. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 S1/M-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in TA. SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in TA decreased over time, irrespective of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. No correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ T-cell counts, anti-RBD IgG concentrations and biomarker serum levels (Rho ≤ 0.3). The kinetics of both T cell subsets was comparable between those who died or survived, whereas anti-RBD IgG levels were higher across different time points in deceased patients than in survivors. Enumeration of peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2-S1/M-reactive IFN-γ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells does not predict viral clearance from the lower respiratory tract or poor clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. In contrast, anti-RBD IgG levels were directly associated with increased mortality.
Impact of individual and treatment characteristics on wearable sensor-based digital biomarkers of opioid use
Authors: Chapman Brittany P. , Gullapalli Bhanu Teja , Rahman Tauhidur , Smelson David , Boyer Edward W. , Carreiro Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOpioid use disorder is one of the most pressing public health problems of our time. Mobile health tools, including wearable sensors, have great potential in this space, but have been underutilized. Of specific interest are digital biomarkers, or end-user generated physiologic or behavioral measurements that correlate with health or pathology. The current manuscript describes a longitudinal, observational study of adult patients receiving opioid analgesics for acute painful conditions. Participants in the study are monitored with a wrist-worn E4 sensor, during which time physiologic parameters (heart rate/variability, electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and accelerometry) are collected continuously. Opioid use events are recorded via electronic medical record and self-report. Three-hundred thirty-nine discreet dose opioid events from 36 participant are analyzed among 2070 h of sensor data. Fifty-one features are extracted from the data and initially compared pre- and post-opioid administration, and subsequently are used to generate machine learning models. Model performance is compared based on individual and treatment characteristics. The best performing machine learning model to detect opioid administration is a Channel-Temporal Attention-Temporal Convolutional Network (CTA-TCN) model using raw data from the wearable sensor. History of intravenous drug use is associated with better model performance, while middle age, and co-administration of non-narcotic analgesia or sedative drugs are associated with worse model performance. These characteristics may be candidate input features for future opioid detection model iterations. Once mature, this technology could provide clinicians with actionable data on opioid use patterns in real-world settings, and predictive analytics for early identification of opioid use disorder risk.
Label-free chemical imaging of cytochrome P450 activity by Raman microscopy
Authors: Li Menglu , Nawa Yasunori , Ishida Seiichi , Kanda Yasunari , Fujita Satoshi , Fujita Katsumasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough investigating drug modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity under physiological conditions is crucial in drug development to avoid severe adverse drug reactions, the current evaluation approaches that rely on the destructive and end-point analysis can be misleading due to invasive treatments and cellular heterogeneity. Here, we propose a non-destructive and high-content method for visualizing and quantifying intracellular CYP activity under drug administration by Raman microscopy. The redox-state and spin-state sensitive Raman measurement indicated that the induced CYPs in living hepatocytes were in oxidized and low-spin state, which is related to monooxygenase function of CYP. Moreover, glycogen depletion associated with CYP induction was simultaneously observed, indicating a relevant effect on glucose metabolism. By deciphering the overall changes in the biochemical fingerprints of hepatocytes, Raman microscopy offers a non-destructive and quantitative chemical imaging method to evaluate CYP activity at the single-cell level with the potential to facilitate future drug development schemes.
Characterization of the cholangiocarcinoma drug pemigatinib against FGFR gatekeeper mutants
Authors: Lin Qianmeng , Chen Xiaojuan , Qu Lingzhi , Guo Ming , Wei Hudie , Dai Shuyan , Jiang Longying , Chen Yongheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) dysregulation is involved in a variety of tumorigenesis and development. Cholangiocarcinoma is closely related with FGFR aberrations, and pemigatinib is the first drug approved to target FGFR for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Herein, we undertake biochemical and structural analysis on pemigatinib against FGFRs as well as gatekeeper mutations. The results show that pemigatinib is a potent and selective FGFR1–3 inhibitor. The extensive network of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts found in the FGFR1-pemigatinib binding mode accounts for the high potency. Pemigatinib also has excellent potency against the Val-to-Ile gatekeeper mutation but less potency against the Val-to-Met/Phe gatekeeper mutation in FGFR. Taken together, the inhibitory and structural profiles exemplified by pemigatinib may help to thwart Val-to-Ile gatekeeper mutation-based resistance at earlier administration and to advance the further design and improvement for inhibitors toward FGFRs with gatekeeper mutations.
Quantum chemical insights into hexaboride electronic structures: correlations within the boron p-orbital subsystem
Authors: Petersen Thorben , Rößler Ulrich K. , Hozoi Liviu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe notion of strong electronic correlations arose in the context of d-metal oxides such as NiO but can be exemplified on systems as simple as the H2 molecule. Here we shed light on correlation effects on B62− clusters as found in MB6 hexaborides and show that the B 2p valence electrons are fairly correlated. B6-octahedron excitation energies computed for CaB6 and YbB6 agree with peak positions found by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, providing a compelling picture for the latter. Our findings characterize these materials as very peculiar p-electron correlated systems and call for more involved many-body investigations within the whole hexaboride family, both alkaline- and rare-earth compounds, not only for N- but also (N ± 1)-states defining e. g. band gaps.
GLP-1-mediated delivery of tesaglitazar improves obesity and glucose metabolism in male mice
Authors: Quarta Carmelo , Stemmer Kerstin , Novikoff Aaron , Yang Bin , Klingelhuber Felix , Harger Alex , Bakhti Mostafa , Bastidas-Ponce Aimee , Baugé Eric , Campbell Jonathan E. , Capozzi Megan , Clemmensen Christoffer , Collden Gustav , Cota Perla , Douros Jon , Drucker Daniel J. , DuBois Barent , Feuchtinger Annette , Garcia-Caceres Cristina , Grandl Gerald , Hennuyer Nathalie , Herzig Stephan , Hofmann Susanna M. , Knerr Patrick J. , Kulaj Konxhe , Lalloyer Fanny , Lickert Heiko , Liskiewicz Arek , Liskiewicz Daniela , Maity Gandhari , Perez-Tilve Diego , Prakash Sneha , Sanchez-Garrido Miguel A. , Zhang Qian , Staels Bart , Krahmer Natalie , DiMarchi Richard D. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Finan Brian , Müller Timo D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDual agonists activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARɑ/ɣ) have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, but their development was discontinued due to potential adverse effects. Here we report the design and preclinical evaluation of a molecule that covalently links the PPARɑ/ɣ dual-agonist tesaglitazar to a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) to allow for GLP-1R-dependent cellular delivery of tesaglitazar. GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar does not differ from the pharmacokinetically matched GLP-1RA in GLP-1R signalling, but shows GLP-1R-dependent PPARɣ-retinoic acid receptor heterodimerization and enhanced improvements of body weight, food intake and glucose metabolism relative to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone in obese male mice. The conjugate fails to affect body weight and glucose metabolism in GLP-1R knockout mice and shows preserved effects in obese mice at subthreshold doses for the GLP-1RA and tesaglitazar. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified PPAR regulated proteins in the hypothalamus that are acutely upregulated by GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar. Our data show that GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar improves glucose control with superior efficacy to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone and suggest that this conjugate might hold therapeutic value to acutely treat hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance.
Phreatic volcanic eruption preceded by observable shallow groundwater flow at Iwo-Yama, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan
Authors: Aizawa Koki , Muramatsu Dan , Matsushima Takeshi , Koyama Takao , Uyeshima Makoto , Nakao Shigeru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to forecast phreatic eruptions because they are often characterised by an abrupt onset at shallow depths beneath volcanoes. Here we show that temporal changes in the tilt, tremor, and horizontal electric field have occurred repeatedly near the vent of a small phreatic eruption at Iwo-Yama, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan. Such geophysical changes were observed 13 times, with one of these events occurring immediately before the onset of the 2018 phreatic eruption. These observations suggest that shallow hydrothermal intrusions, which are observed as tilt changes with tremors, commonly induce near-surface cold groundwater flow, which is observed as electric-field changes. Near-surface groundwater flows towards the active vent, potentially inhibiting a phreatic eruption. However, explosive phreatic eruptions occur when the intrusion is shallow and cold groundwater flow is depleted. The near-surface groundwater is key in controlling the occurrence of phreatic eruptions and can be monitored using electric-field measurements.
Priming of Prepositional Phrases and Direct Objects in Spanish-Speaking Children
Authors: Cooperson Solaman J. , Taliancich-Klinger Casey L. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The phenomenon of syntactic priming involves speakers repeating sentence structures they have recently experienced. Investigating priming can contribute to understanding of how children learn and generalize linguistic structures. This study examined the priming of two structures, direct object clitic pronouns and prepositional phrases, in Spanish-speaking children.

Method:
Participants were 22 typically developing monolingual Spanish-speaking children ages 4;2 (years;months)–6;3 who attended an early childhood education center in Central Mexico. For each structure, direct object clitic pronouns and prepositional phrases, children were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group heard and repeated sentences that contained the target structure, and the other heard and repeated sentences without the target structure. Participants in both groups described pictures that could be appropriately described with or without the target structure after each prime sentence.

Results:
Results indicated that children were not more likely to produce sentences with an object after hearing and repeating a sentence with a direct object clitic. There was, however, a tendency for children to be more likely to produce sentences with prepositional phrases after hearing and repeating a sentence with a prepositional phrase.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that exposure to prepositional phrases can result in increased use of this structure in novel utterances. However, exposure to pronominal direct objects does not appear to increase production of direct objects, a finding that may relate to the nature of the pronominal object in Spanish. Findings inform our understanding of how typically developing Spanish-speaking children represent these grammatical structures.
Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Herman Anna , Herman Andrzej P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with
antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle
(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa),
Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus,
A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant
bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria,
especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or
membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our
review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against
multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.