bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Literacy In Young Migrant/Refugee Mothers From Developing Countries
Authors: Esimekara J , Lee H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and problems
In the last decade, migration has increased due to climatic, economic, and social factors. Oral health is an integral part of overall health, but primary health packets for migrants/refugees often neglect oral health education and care in the care delivery system. The present article aims to present a realistic approach to integrating oral health into existing structures for young migrant/refugee mothers on a community level in Switzerland.

Importance
As a young child's oral health is closely related to mother's oral health status and oral health knowledge level, it would be critical that migrant/refugee mothers have access to timely oral health education and care through the primary health care system.

Solution
We propose an integrated oral health care model for migrant/refugee mothers that maximizes the existing primary health care system. Using existing maternal oral health resources, a training module is developed for the primary care care workforce that serve migrant/refugee mothers. This training module includes oral health needs and status assessment and delivering preventive oral health services in primary care settings. The module includes drawings and images to describe the dangers of poor oral hygiene during pregnancy related to the health of mothers and babies and how to keep the mouth healthy with low-cariogenic diet practice and home oral hygiene care. Primary health care workforce in selected migrant health centers, like nurses, medical aides, and community health care workers, is trained by this module and evaluated by a set of self-assessed questionnaires before and after the training for knowledge improvement, attainment, and clinical practice changes. Migrant mothers participate in questionnaires on oral health hygiene practice and access to dental care during pregnancy and for their young children. The questionnaires are validated by the affiliated university-hospital clinical research center.
Risk factors for mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A cohort study
Authors: Miranda-Mendizabal A , Piqueras J , Castellví P , Álvarez S , Díaz S , Gómez L , Recoder S , Sánchez N , García Durán E , Forero CG 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Data comparing the populations’ mental health from before, during and after the pandemic is needed. We aim to assess the risk factors for the first-onset and persistence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) during the first year of the pandemic among the Spanish general population.

Methods
Cohort study through two online surveys from before the pandemic (N = 2,005, October/November 2019) and 12-months later (N = 1,357) on an adult Spanish, nationally representative, population-based sample. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between socio-demographic, COVID-19 related variables and healthcare received during the pandemic with the onset and persistence of MDD and STB.

Results
Women have more than 3-fold risk for the onset (OR 3.18; CI95% 1.40 -7.22) and persistence (OR 8.62; CI95% 1.74-42.48) of MDD. Studying and working at the same time (OR 10.13; CI95% 2.17-47.35) and having close relatives/friends with COVID-19 infection (OR 14.84; CI95% 1.91-115.18) or death (OR 5.26; CI95% 1.56-17.73) due to COVID-19 are risk factors for MDD onset. Sick-leave (OR 17.19; CI95% 2.65-112.56) and unemployment (OR 7.01; CI95% 1.85-26.43) increased the risk for MDD persistence. Death of friends/colleagues due to COVID-19 (OR 8.40; CI95% 1.47-48.07) increased the risk for STB onset, and being on sick-leave (OR 7.91; CI95% 1.80-34.66) for STB persistence.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, women were consistently more at risk of having worse mental health than men. Direct and indirect consequences caused or aggravated by the pandemic are common risk factors for the increased risk for the onset and persistence of both MDD and STB. Identification of high-risk subgroups and risk factors for MDD and STB among the Spanish general population will allow the developing and implementing of evidence-driven strategies for reducing the long-term impact of the pandemic in populations’ mental health.

Key messages
• The pandemic consequences, whether due to having had COVID-19, having close people affected or who have died from the infection and the social consequences increase the risk for worse mental health.
• Evidence-driven strategies for reducing the long-term impact of the pandemic in populations’ mental health should be a public health priority.
Co-creation of activities to promote health and well-being of older people – a scoping review
Authors: Terkelsen AS , Wester CT , Gulis G , Jespersen J , Andersen PT 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The global population is ageing and the need to promote health and well-being of this generation is essential. Co-creative practices can be solutions to welfare challenges in the health care sector and local policies. However, literature addressing co-creation of activities to promote health and well-being is sparse. The review aimed to identify health promotive activities co-created between the public and older people, the influence of co-creative activities on health and well-being of older people, and facilitators and barriers for doing co-creation.

Methods
We searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature in eight scientific and five non-scientific databases. Two reviewers independently screened publications for eligibility according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data. An inductive thematic content analysis was applied for the analysis.

Results
We included nineteen publications. Four themes related to co-creative activities emerged: “Social activities”, “Activities to create age-friendly environments”, “Discussions of healthy ageing”, and “Physical activities”. The co-creative activities influenced the overall well-being, and promoted active and healthy ageing, physical functioning, and quality of life. Identified facilitators for co-creation were the role of the facilitator, a supportive environment, recognition of competencies, while the main barriers were time and resources, and recruitment of participants.

Conclusions
Few studies have investigated co-creation of activities to promote health and well-being of older people. The included studies dealt with activities in any form and not merely social and physical activities co-created. Future co-creation of activities with older people should consider the role of facilitators, the environment in which the co-creation takes place and value time, resources, and competencies of participants.

Key messages
• Studies on co-creation of activities to promote health and well-being of older people is sparse and must be explored further.
• Future research may focus on co-creation of social and physical activities to promote health and well-being of older people and consider known facilitators for co-creation.
Examining existing strategies to prevent multimorbidity – a scoping review
Authors: Nicholson K , Makovski T , van den Akker M , Stranges S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity has been acknowledged as the “defining challenge” for health systems around the world, but current research and policy are primarily focused on the management of multimorbidity after it occurs or the prevention of adverse events in those individuals who are already living with multimorbidity. There is still a significant need to develop and establish effective and equitable primary prevention strategies in order to avoid the occurrence of multimorbidity across populations. This scoping review aims to identify existing strategies, programs and policies that are focused on the prevention of multimorbidity across various settings and countries around the world. To identify relevant publications, two databases will be searched: PubMed and Embase. The search strategies will be adjusted for each database and will include variations of the keywords multimorbidity, prevention and strategy. This review will specifically include publications that are original research, focused on multimorbidity and published in English. However, there will be no restrictions on the location of the research or the age of the target sample or population. For the full text screening phase, more specific criteria will apply and information will be extracted from the final set of retained studies. This information will be summarized and will include key factors such as study design, study setting, type of prevention programs, scope of programs (e.g. national, regional, local, etc.) and target population (e.g. age groups, socioeconomic groups, etc.). This scoping review will describe existing prevention programs and highlight areas of gaps and opportunities in the prevention of multimorbidity.
Multimorbidity in Large Canadian Urban Centres
Authors: Wilk P , Stranges S , Bellocco R , Bohn T , Samouda H , Nicholson K , Makovski TT , Maltby A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Although health outcomes are related to the characteristics of the geographic areas in which people live, there is limited knowledge on how the prevalence of multimorbidity varies within and across major Canadian urban centres. Our goal was to assess the level of between-neighbourhood variation in the prevalence of multimorbidity in Canada's large urban centres, controlling for compositional effects associated with demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the 2015-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used. Respondents (20 years and older) residing in one of the 35 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) were included (N = 100,803). Census tracts (CTs), relatively small and stable geographic areas nested within CMAs, were used as a measure of neighbourhood. To assess the between-neighbourhood differences in multimorbidity prevalence, we fitted sequential random intercept logistic regression models.

Results
During the 2015-2018 period, 8.1% of residents of large urban centres in Canada had multimorbidity. The results from the unadjusted model indicate that 13.4% of the total variance in multimorbidity could be attributed to the between-neighbourhood differences. After adjustment for overall characteristics of the CMAs in which these neighbourhoods are located, as well as for individual-level demographic and socioeconomic factors related to compositional effects, 11.0% of the individual variance in multimorbidity could still be attributed to the between-neighbourhood differences.

Discussion and Conclusions
There is significant and substantial geographic variation in multimorbidity prevalence across neighbourhoods in Canada's large urban centres. Residing in some neighbourhoods could be associated with increased odds of having multimorbidity, even after accounting for overall characteristics of the CMAs in which these neighbourhoods are located, as well as individual-level factors.
A Holistic Approach to Urban and Children’s Mental Health
Authors: Van Den Hazel P , Ristovska G , Sandionigi A , Weber M , Benz S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
EU data show that there is a continuous increase in mental health problems in children. The multiple exposures in the physical and social domain influence the internal exposome and the final health outcomes. The Equal-Life project research focuses on the exposome (physical, social and internal) and mental health of children and adolescents.

Methods
Literature reviews on children's mental health and a total of physical and social exposures from 9 different European cohorts are used to set a framework of data interpretation. In addition, information gathered from 3 surveys/65 interviews with stakeholders from different fields was used to look for a transdisciplinary framework for analysis of the cohort data. The approach develops (in a co-design approach) tools that help stakeholders to collect and organize the information necessary to make decisions. The exposome is as if it were a multilayer system and requires approaches that are able to manage the interconnections between the various variables involved in the field of children's mental health.

Results
The main points extracted are an early life exposure to urban planning related factors (noise/air pollution, traffic), social factors (family relations, stress), biomarkers related to environmental and social exposures. Concerning the life course approach, vulnerable settings were identified such as schools, neighbourhoods, accessibility to green restorative spaces. These ingredients are the basis of interaction between scientists and community stakeholders and from the policy domains to find and interpret the scientific results for the implementation of protective and promotive policies in cities.

Conclusions
Transdisciplinary approach is necessary for management and developing strategies for solving mental health problems in urban spaces when considering all kind of exposures. The development of tools through co-design sessions with different stakeholders gives important contributions for this goal.

Key messages
• Development of interventions and policies for better mental health of children and adolescents should be based on available evidence for meaning of external and social exposome.
• The main outcome of Equal-Life is to develop tools where stakeholders have access and opportunity to use it for solving mental health issues at national or local level.
Air pollution is associated with the risk of neurodegenerative disorders: a prominent role of PM10
Authors: Gialluisi A , Costanzo S , Veronesi G , Zazzaro G , Cembalo A , Ferrario MM , Gianfagna F , Massari S , Iacoviello L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies revealed an implication of air pollution in neurodegenerative disorders, although this link remains unclear. Here, we investigated this testing multiple pollutants simultaneously.

Methods
In the Moli-sani cohort (N = 24,325; ≥35 years; 51.9% women, baseline 2005-2010), we estimated yearly levels of exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOX, NO, NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10) and BTX hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene and xylene) in 2006-2018, applying residence geo-localization of participants and Kriging interpolation algorithm to land measurements of air pollutants. We performed a principal component analysis and tested association of the resulting principal components (PCs) with the incident risk of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD), through multivariable Cox PH regressions adjusted for age, sex and education level completed.

Results
Over 24,308 subjects with pollution data available (51.9% women, 55.8(12.0) years), we extracted three PCs explaining ≥5% of pollution exposure variance: PC1 (38.2%, tagging PM10 exposure), PC2 (19.5%, O3/CO/SO2), PC3 (8.5%, NOx/BTX hydrocarbons). Over a mean follow-up of 10.9(2.1) years, we observed statistically significant associations of PC1 with an increased risk of PD (HR[CI] = 1.04[1.02-1.05]; 405 incident cases) and AD (1.06[1.04-1.08]; 218 cases). These associations were confirmed when we analyzed PM10 levels averaged over follow-up time, in models further adjusted for professional exposures like working class, compartment and toxic compounds and lifestyles like smoking and drinking habits, physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean diet (PD: 1.27 [1.19-1.37]; AD: 1.22[1.16-1.28] per 1 μg/m3 increase of PM10).

Conclusions
This evidence supports an influence of air pollution - especially PM10 - on increased neurodegenerative risk in the Italian population, independent on concurring risk factors. This suggests reducing PM10 pollution as a potential strategy to reduce neurodegenerative risk.

Key messages
• PM10 levels are associated with increased Parkinson and Alzheimer disease risk.
• This suggests to act on air pollution to reduce neurodegenerative risk in the general population.
Associations between area- and individual-level community belonging and self-rated health
Authors: Mah S , Brown M , Colley R , Rosella R , Sanmartin C , Schellenberg G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies point to the importance of individuals’ sense of community belonging to multiple measures of health and well-being. However, the extent to which collective sense of belonging within neighbourhoods might influence individual health has not been characterized. The objectives of this study are to describe variations in self-rated health by a novel area-level measure of community belonging and determine the impact of including these measures in models of individual-level community belonging and self-rated health.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of respondents of the 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) living in census tracts. These data were merged with novel small area estimates of community belonging derived by Statistics Canada from the CCHS 2016-2019. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse associations of individual- and area-level community belonging, and self-rated health. We adjusted for sex, age, recent immigrant status, visible minority status, province, marital status, presence of children in the household, smoking status, presence of chronic conditions, income, and employment status. All results were generated using survey weights and bootstraps representing a subpopulation of 21 million people.

Results
A greater proportion of CCHS respondents living in neighbourhoods with the strongest collective sense of community belonging reported being in good, very good, or excellent health. Models indicate that living in a neighbourhood with low collective sense of community belonging is associated with higher odds of reporting being in poor or fair health (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.15-1.81) even after adjusting for other factors, including individual-level sense of community belonging, which also remained independently associated with self-rated health.

Conclusions
Both area- and individual-level sense of community belonging are independently associated with self-rated health.

Key messages
• The collective sense of belonging within neighbourhoods may influence health outcomes.
• Measures of area-level and individual-level community belonging may capture different aspects of social connections with respect to health.
Evaluation of an e-learning on involving significant others in occupational health care
Authors: Snippen NC , de Vries HJ , Hagedoorn M , Brouwer S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Significant others (SOs) like partners, family members or friends can play an important role in how workers cope with chronic disease, thereby influencing work and health outcomes. Despite the potential benefits of involving SOs in the return-to-work (RTW) process of workers with chronic diseases, guidance and training on how to manage this is scarce. Educating work and health professionals on this topic could lead to better RTW support for workers and prevention of long-term sickness absence.

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an e-learning for improving occupational health physicians’ (OHPs) knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding involving SOs in the RTW process. In addition, we explored OHPs’ responses to and satisfaction with the e-learning. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 87 OHPs, involving an intervention group and a waitlisted control group. Between-group differences in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy outcomes, and retention of effects were assessed using ANOVA and paired t-tests. Reactions to the e-learning were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results
We found moderate to large effects on OHPs’ knowledge (p &lt;.001, ηp2 = .202), attitudes (ηp2 = .098), and self-efficacy (p &lt; .001, ηp2 = .237), with retention of all changes at 10-week follow-up. OHPs graded the e-learning with a mean score of 7.9 out of 10 (SD = 1.11) and indicated that the e-learning increased their awareness of the role of SOs in RTW and encouraged them to address this more often.

Conclusions
The developed e-learning is the first evidence-based training to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of OHPs with regard to involving SOs in the RTW process of workers with chronic diseases. The e-learning and accompanying materials can encourage work and health professionals to more often address the role of significant others in the work re-integration process.

Key messages
• The developed e-learning is effective in increasing occupational health physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy with regard to involving significant others in the return-to-work process.
• The e-learning and accompanying materials can encourage professionals to more often address the role of significant others in the work re-integration process to prevent long-term sickness absence.
HTA and National Immunisation Program: an overview of competent bodies and of the impact of HTA on the decision-making process
Authors: Ricciardi W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue/problem
The WHO has recommended for many years to adopt transparent and standardized methods to decide upon the introduction of vaccines at national level. For this purpose, the Global Vaccine Action Plan has envisaged the establishment of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) to issue independent advice relied on the assessment of vaccines efficacy and safety and health technology assessment (HTA).

Description of the problem
So far, 172 countries worldwide have a NITAG. Despite the growth in the number of NITAGs worldwide and their strengthening following process indicators identified by the WHO, the way how NITAGs issue recommendations and how they are considered in the development of vaccine policy still represent a matter to the attention of the scientific and policy community.

Results
The evidence shows that assessment frameworks vary across countries. Furthermore, the legal basis and the authority, namely binding or advisory, recognised to them could influence the way how NITAGs work and impact on vaccine policy. Eventually, the final decision is also led by other aspects, including financial and contextual factors that are less standardizable but should be always taken into consideration in health policy. In fact, the final decision on the inclusion of a vaccination into the national immunization program is made by the Ministry of Health also based on the evaluation of HTA bodies working in the country.

Lessons
Considering the central role of NITAGs in vaccine policy, some efforts should be done in order to make NITAGs more authoritative and collaborative. This could help, from one side, to make the relationship between final decision and NITAGs recommendations clearer and, on other one, to make it possible to have shared and timely evaluations. In this respect, Joint Clinical Assessment envisaged by the new EU regulation on HTA could prepare the way for a more transparent and timely vaccine policy at European level.