bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on complex crustal structures from gravity data and harmonic analysis of receiver functions
Authors: Tang Hanhan , Li Yonghua , Shi Lei 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYThe traditional H–κ stacking technique is often used to determine the crustal thickness (H) and Vp/Vs (κ) using multiple Moho converted P-to-S phases, but weak crustal multiples and variation of arrival time of crustal multiples in receiver function resulting from complex crustal structure, such as dipping interface and/or crustal anisotropy, can cause bias estimates leading to erroneous interpretations. In this study, we overcome these problems by combining the Ps arrival times in receiver functions and independent constraint from gravity data, providing a complementary to the H–κ method for estimating H and H with the advantage of not relying on the crustal multiples which are commonly hardly identified. Harmonic corrections are only made to arrival time variations of Ps phase before H–κ stacking. Independent gravity data can help constrain the trade-off between the H and κ when using Ps times only. Stacking these two complementary data sets allows us to yield a more accurate estimation of H and κ. The reliability and validity of our method to constrain the crustal properties are confirmed using synthetic data from multiple types of models and real data recorded by two permanent seismic stations belonging to different geological regions.
Wither Elites? The Role of Elite Credibility and Knowledge in Public Perceptions of Foreign Policy
Authors: Lupton Danielle L , Webb Clayton 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Existing theories of foreign policy opinion formation tend to treat elites as a black-box category for members of the nonpublic. This misses important nuances in public perceptions of elites. We argue that elite vocation serves as an important source cue, signaling elite access to information and elite knowledge that can be brought to bear on that information. We use a survey experiment to evaluate our hypotheses comparing four types of elites: elected officials, academics, career professionals, and members of the media. We find that, even accounting for partisanship, people still evaluate elites as knowledgeable and credible. There are also important differences in public perceptions of elites that should be accounted for in our theories of opinion formation. These findings have important implications for the in vogue death of expertise argument as well as research on public perceptions of foreign policy and public opinion formation.
Integrative methylome and transcriptome analysis of porcine abdominal fat indicates changes in fat metabolism and immune responses during different development
Authors: Kim Do-Young , Lim Byeonghwi , Lim Dajeong , Park Woncheol , Lee Kyung-Tai , Cho Eun-Seok , Lim Kyu-Sang , Cheon Si Nae , Choi Bong-Hwan , Park Jong-Eun , Kim Jun-Mo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFat is involved in synthesizing fatty acids (FAs), FA circulation, and lipid metabolism. Various genetic studies have been conducted on porcine fat but understanding the growth and specific adipose tissue is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epigenetic difference in abdominal fat according to the growth of porcine. The samples were collected from the porcine abdominal fat of different developmental stages (10 and 26 weeks of age). Then, the samples were sequenced using MBD-seq and RNA-seq for profiling DNA methylation and RNA expression. In 26 weeks of age pigs, differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as 2,251 and 5,768, compared with 10 weeks of age pigs, respectively. Gene functional analysis was performed using GO and KEGG databases. In functional analysis results of DMGs and DEGs, immune responses such as chemokine signaling pathways, B cell receptor signaling pathways, and lipid metabolism terms such as PPAR signaling pathways and fatty acid degradation were identified. It is thought that there is an influence between DNA methylation and gene expression through changes in genes with similar functions. The effects of DNA methylation on gene expression were investigated using cis-regulation and trans-regulation analysis to integrate and interpret different molecular layers. In the cis-regulation analysis using 629 overlapping genes between DEGs and DMGs, immune response functions were identified, while in trans-regulation analysis through the TF-target gene network, the co-expression network of lipid metabolism-related functions was distinguished. Our research provides an understanding of the underlying mechanisms for epigenetic regulation in porcine abdominal fat with aging.
Fleas (Siphonaptera) From the Puma, Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae), A Rangewide Review and New Records from Utah and Texas, USA
Authors: Oliver George V , Eckerlin Ralph P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fleas have rarely been reported from the puma, Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), despite its vast geographic range, its breadth of habitat use, and its diverse diet, all of which bring it into contact with many other species of mammals and potentially their fleas. We review the reported occurrence of 8 species of fleas from pumas, 7 of these species being from wild hosts and 1 species from a host in captivity, and we correct the mistaken report of 1 other flea species from the puma. We present 10 new records of 4 species of fleas from the puma in Utah and Texas. 2 of these flea species, Cediopsylla inaequalis inaequalis (Baker, 1895) and Odontopsyllus dentatus (Baker, 1904), represent new host records, and 1 species, Chaetopsylla setosa Rothschild, 1906, is a new state record for Utah as well as being 1 of the 2 southernmost known localities for this species. At least 7 of the 9 flea species now known from free-ranging pumas are species that are acquired by pumas from their prey. Pumas may be primary hosts of 2 flea species, but even these fleas may be from prey. Some of the flea species that parasitize pumas transmit sylvatic plague, and, since pumas are highly vagile and are known to become infected with plague, they may spread the disease through their dispersal of infected fleas. Pumas and their fleas also may be involved in the ecology of several other bacterial zoonoses, which are discussed.
Diet Impact on the Development and Survival ofOiceoptoma thoracicum(Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: Qubaiová Jarin , Jakubec Pavel , Montoya-Molina Santiago , Novák Martin , Šuláková Hana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe assessed the influence of diet on the development and survival in the immature stages of the necrophagous beetle Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758). The species is frequently observed on large cadavers, including humans, and thus can be of potential forensic relevance. We compared multiple meat tissues from three animal sources, and detected the optimal diet for rearing the species for further entomological and forensic objectives. We reared 203 individuals to adulthood at the constant temperature of 20°C. Our results represent the first robust data set of the development time for this species. They further confirmed a significant relationship between survival and the type of diet, as the highest survival rates were detected in larvae fed with both pork liver and pork muscle.
Mesoscopic structural analysis via deep learning processing, with a special reference to in vitro alteration in collagen fibre induced by a gap junction inhibitor
Authors: Hirashima Shingo , Ohta Keisuke , Togo Akinobu , Tsuneyoshi Risa , Kusukawa Jingo , Nakamura Kei-ichiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dense connective tissue, including the ligament, tendon, fascia and cornea, is formed by regularly arranged collagen fibres synthesized by fibroblasts (Fbs). The mechanism by which fibre orientation is determined remains unclear. Periodontal ligament Fbs consistently communicate with their surroundings via gap junctions (GJs), leading to the formation of a wide cellular network. A method to culture Fb–synthesized collagen fibres was previously reported by Schafer et al. (‘Ascorbic acid deficiency in cultured human fibroblasts’. J. Cell Biol. 34: 83–95, 1967). This method has been applied to investigate the ability and activity of Fb collagen synthesis/phagocytosis using conventional electron microscopy (EM). However, the three-dimensional mesoscopic architecture of collagen fibres and the influence of GJ inhibitors on collagen fibre formation in vitro are poorly understood. In this study, three-dimensional mesoscopic analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism of directional fibre formation. We investigated the influence of GJ inhibitors on collagen formation driven by periodontal ligament Fbs in vitro, histomorphometrically, and the structural properties of in vitro collagen fibre on a mesoscale quantitatively, using correlative light and EM optimized for picrosirius red staining and focused ion beam-scanning EM tomography. Our results indicate that under culture conditions, in the presence of a GJ inhibitor, the orientation of collagen fibres becomes more disordered than that in the control group. This suggests that the GJ might be involved in determining fibre orientation during collagen fibre formation. Elucidation of this mechanism may help develop novel treatment strategies for connective tissue orientation disorders.
Graphical Abstract
National Cancer Institute–Funded Social Risk Research in Cancer Care Delivery: Opportunities for Future Research
Authors: Sanchez Janeth I , Adjei Brenda A , Randhawa Gurvaneet , Medel Josh , Doose Michelle , Oh April , Jacobsen Paul B 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients and survivors with food insecurity, housing instability, and transportation-related barriers face challenges in access and utilization of quality cancer care thereby adversely impacting their health outcomes. This portfolio analysis synthesized and described National Cancer Institute (NCI)–supported social risk research focused on assessing food insecurity, housing instability, and transportation-related barriers among individuals diagnosed with cancer.MethodsWe conducted a query using the National Institutes of Health iSearch tool to identify NCI-awarded extramural research and training grants (2010-2022). Grant abstracts, specific aims, and research strategies were coded for research characteristics, study population, and outcomes.ResultsOf the 30 grants included in this analysis, most assessed transportation-related barriers as patient-level social needs. Grants focused on community-level social risks, food insecurity, and housing instability were largely absent. Most grants included activities that identified the presence of social risks and/or needs (n = 24), connected patients to social care resources (n = 10), and engaged community members or organizations to inform the research study (n = 9). Of the grants, 18 focused on a single type of cancer, primarily breast cancer, and more than half focused on the treatment and survivorship phases.ConclusionsIn the last decade, there has been limited NCI-funded social risk research grants focused on food insecurity and housing instability. Findings highlight opportunities for future cancer care delivery research, including community and health system–level approaches that integrate social and clinical care to address social risks and social needs. Such efforts can help improve outcomes of populations that experience cancer health and health-care disparities.
Zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in free-ranging and farmed wild ungulates in Spain
Authors: Dashti Alejandro , Santín Mónica , Köster Pamela C , Bailo Begoña , Ortega Sheila , Imaña Elena , Habela Miguel Ángel , Rivero-Juarez Antonio , Vicente Joaquin ,   WE&H group, Conejero Carles , González-Crespo Carlos , Garrido Cristina , Gassó Diana , Andrea Murillo Diana , Serrano Emmanuel , Mentaberre Gregorio , Torres-Blas Irene , Estruch Josep , Pastor Josep , Ramón López-Olvera Jorge , Escobar-González María , Valldeperes Marta , Mesalles Montse , López Omar , Álvarez Raquel , Cuenca Rafaela , Velarde Roser , Lavín Santiago , Arnal Maria C , de Luco Daniel Fernández , Morrondo Patrocinio , Armenteros José A , Balseiro Ana , Cardona Guillermo A , Martínez-Carrasco Carlos , Ortiz José Antonio , Calero-Bernal Rafael , Carmena David , González-Barrio David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microsporidia comprises a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, and spore-forming parasites that infect a wide range of animals. Among them, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently reported species in humans and other mammals and birds. Data on the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in wildlife are limited. Hence, E. bieneusi was investigated in eight wild ungulate species present in Spain (genera Ammotragus, Capra, Capreolus, Cervus, Dama, Ovis, Rupicapra, and Sus) by molecular methods. Faecal samples were collected from free-ranging (n = 1058) and farmed (n = 324) wild ungulates from five Spanish bioregions. The parasite was detected only in red deer (10.4%, 68/653) and wild boar (0.8%, 3/359). Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections were more common in farmed (19.4%, 63/324) than in wild (1.5%, 5/329) red deer. A total of 11 genotypes were identified in red deer, eight known (BEB6, BEB17, EbCar2, HLJD-V, MWC_d1, S5, Type IV, and Wildboar3) and three novel (DeerSpEb1, DeerSpEb2, and DeerSpEb3) genotypes. Mixed genotype infections were detected in 15.9% of farmed red deer. Two genotypes were identified in wild boar, a known (Wildboar3) and a novel (WildboarSpEb1) genotypes. All genotypes identified belonged to E. bieneusi zoonotic Groups 1 and 2. This study provides the most comprehensive epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in Spanish ungulates to date, representing the first evidence of the parasite in wild red deer populations worldwide. Spanish wild boars and red deer are reservoir of zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi and might play an underestimated role in the transmission of this microsporidian species to humans and other animals.
xGASS: the connection between angular momentum, mass, and atomic gas fraction in nearby galaxies
Authors: Hardwick Jennifer A , Cortese Luca , Obreschkow Danail , Catinella Barbara 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 559 disc galaxies extracted from the eXtended GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey to study the connection between baryonic angular momentum, mass, and atomic gas fraction in the local Universe. Baryonic angular momenta are determined by combining H i and H2 integrated profiles with 2D stellar mass surface density profiles. In line with previous work, we confirm that specific angular momentum and atomic gas fraction are tightly correlated, but we find a larger scatter than previously observed. This is most likely due to the wider range of galaxy properties covered by our sample. We compare our findings with the predictions of the analytical stability model developed by Obreschkow et al. and find that, while the model provides a very good first-order approximation for the connection between baryonic angular momentum, mass, and gas fraction, it does not fully match our data. Specifically, we find that at fixed baryonic mass, the dependence of specific angular momentum on gas fraction is significantly weaker, and at fixed gas fraction, the slope of the angular momentum versus mass relation is shallower than what was predicted by the model. The reasons behind this tension remain unclear, but we speculate that multiple factors may simultaneously play a role, all related to the fact that the model is not able to encapsulate the full diversity of galaxy properties in our sample.
PHANGS: constraining star formation time-scales using the spatial correlations of star clusters and giant molecular clouds
Authors: Turner Jordan A , Dale Daniel A , Lilly James , Boquien Mederic , Deger Sinan , Lee Janice C , Whitmore Bradley C , Anand Gagandeep S , Benincasa Samantha M , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A , Chevance Mélanie , Emsellem Eric , Faesi Christopher M , Glover Simon C O , Grasha Kathryn , Hughes Annie , Klessen Ralf S , Kreckel Kathryn , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Leroy Adam K , Pan Hsi-An , Rosolowsky Erik , Schruba Andreas , Williams Thomas G 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In the hierarchical view of star formation, giant molecular clouds (GMCs) undergo fragmentation to form small-scale structures made up of stars and star clusters. Here we study the connection between young star clusters and cold gas across a range of extragalactic environments by combining the high resolution (1″) PHANGS–ALMA catalogue of GMCs with the star cluster catalogues from PHANGS–HST. The star clusters are spatially matched with the GMCs across a sample of 11 nearby star-forming galaxies with a range of galactic environments (centres, bars, spiral arms, etc.). We find that after 4 − 6 Myr the star clusters are no longer associated with any gas clouds. Additionally, we measure the autocorrelation of the star clusters and GMCs as well as their cross-correlation to quantify the fractal nature of hierarchical star formation. Young (≤10 Myr) star clusters are more strongly autocorrelated on kpc and smaller spatial scales than the $\gt \, 10$ Myr stellar populations, indicating that the hierarchical structure dissolves over time.
A simple and accurate prescription for the tidal disruption radius of a star and the peak accretion rate in tidal disruption events
Authors: Coughlin Eric R , Nixon C J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
A star destroyed by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a tidal disruption event (TDE) enables the study of SMBHs. We propose that the distance within which a star is completely destroyed by an SMBH, defined rt,c, is accurately estimated by equating the SMBH tidal field (including numerical factors) to the maximum gravitational field in the star. We demonstrate that this definition accurately reproduces the critical βc = rt/rt,c, where rt = R⋆(M•/M⋆)1/3 is the standard tidal radius with R⋆ and M⋆ the stellar radius and mass, and M• the SMBH mass, for multiple stellar progenitors at various ages, and can be reasonably approximated by βc ≃ [ρc/(4ρ⋆)]1/3, where ρc (ρ⋆) is the central (average) stellar density. We also calculate the peak fallback rate and time at which the fallback rate peaks, finding excellent agreement with hydrodynamical simulations, and also suggest that the partial disruption radius – the distance at which any mass is successfully liberated from the star – is βpartial ≃ 4−1/3 ≃ 0.6. For given stellar and SMBH populations, this model yields, e.g. the fraction of partial TDEs, the peak luminosity distribution of TDEs, and the number of directly captured stars.
Deleterious Mutations and the Rare Allele Burden on Rice Gene Expression
Authors: Lye Zoe , Choi Jae Young , Purugganan Michael D 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeleterious genetic variation is maintained in populations at low frequencies. Under a model of stabilizing selection, rare (and presumably deleterious) genetic variants are associated with increase or decrease in gene expression from some intermediate optimum. We investigate this phenomenon in a population of largely Oryza sativa ssp. indica rice landraces under normal unstressed wet and stressful drought field conditions. We include single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion/deletion mutations, and structural variants in our analysis and find a stronger association between rare variants and gene expression outliers under the stress condition. We also show an association of the strength of this rare variant effect with linkage, gene expression levels, network connectivity, local recombination rate, and fitness consequence scores, consistent with the stabilizing selection model of gene expression.
Sequential rituximab therapy sustains remission of nephrotic syndrome but carries high risk of adverse effects
Authors: Sinha Aditi , Mathew Georgie , Arushi Arushi , Govindarajan Srinivasavaradan , Ghanapriya Kshetrimayum , Grewal Neetu , Rai Khushboo , Brijwal Megha , Kalluru Sree Laya , Tewari Prachi , Misra Angeli , Khandelwal Priyanka , Hari Pankaj , Bagga Arvind 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSequential rituximab (RTX) administration has emerged as an important strategy to sustain remission of disease in patients with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome.MethodsWe report the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy with two or more courses of intravenous RTX in 250 patients with difficult-to-treat steroid dependence (n = 127) and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-dependent or CNI-refractory steroid resistance (n = 123) managed at one center during 2015–2021. Subsets of patients were cross-sectionally tested for hypogammaglobulinemia, seroprotection against and hyporesponsiveness to vaccines for hepatitis B and tetanus, BK/JC viruria and human antichimeric antibodies (HACAs).ResultsSequential RTX therapy, initiated at a median of 10 years [interquartile range (IQR) 7.3–14.4], was administered for 1.8 courses/person-year [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–2.0] over 2.0 years (95% CI 1.2–3.0). Therapy was associated with postponement of relapses by a median of 3 years in patients with steroid-sensitive disease and 2 years in those with steroid resistance. Relapses were reduced by a mean of 2.0 relapses/person-year (95% CI 1.8–2.2), enabling a reduction in prednisolone dose to 0.04 mg/kg/day (95% CI 0.01–0.11) and withdrawal of additional immunosuppression in 154 (62%) patients. RTX-associated adverse events, occurring at 0.20 events/person-year (95% CI 0.17–0.23), were chiefly comprised of infusion reactions (n = 108) and infections (n = 46); serious adverse events were observed in 10.8% patients, at 0.03 events/person-year (95% CI 0.02–0.05). Hypogammaglobulinemia was observed in 35% of 177 patients and was moderate to severe in 8.5% of cases. Rates of seroprotection at baseline and response following vaccination were lower for hepatitis B [1.9% and 29.4% (n = 52)] than tetanus [65.5% and 34.5% (n = 58)]. BK/JC viruria, without viremia, was observed in 7.3% of 109 cases. A total of 19 of 107 patients (17.8%) had HACAs, which were associated with B cell nondepletion and serum sickness. Age at therapy of &lt;9–10 years was associated with a risk of early relapse, treatment failure and hypogammaglobulinemia following RTX therapy.ConclusionsSequential therapy with RTX effectively reduces relapses in patients with difficult-to-treat steroid- and/or CNI-dependent or CNI-refractory nephrotic syndrome. Therapy is associated with high rates of hypogammaglobulinemia and infusion reactions.
Customary Practices of Death and Mourning in Albania
Authors: Kondi Bledar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines cultural practices of death and bereavement in Albania, with a special focus on local funeral traditions of southern and northern areas. The cluster of ethnographic facts illustrates free and disciplined, along with collective and individual, funeral wailing (kujë) as well as the crying (e qarë) of women as general cultural norms. By contrast, male funeral crying, known as shouting (gjamë) in the north and crying with words (ligjërim) in the south, constitutes only a small integral part of the funeral performance. Both female wailing and male shouting symbolize sonic images of death as catastrophe and are still used as traditional techniques for emotional discharge during the funeral ceremony and mourning period.