bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional risk screening 2002 scale and subsequent risk of stroke-associated infection in ischemic stroke: The REMISE study
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Li Dongze , Liu Yi , Zhu Ling , Jia Yu , Gao Yongli 
Published: September 2022

Background and aimStroke-associated infection (SAI) is a common and serious complication in patients with IS. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional status at admission assessed on SAI, explore the predictive value of the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002 for SAI.MethodsThis study included patients with IS who were admitted to five major hospitals in Chengdu from January 2017 to February 2019. The nutritional status was assessed using the NRS-2002 tool. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the predictive value of NRS-2002 for SAI.ResultsA total of 594 patients with IS were included in this study; among them, 215 (36.20%) patients were at risk of malnutrition, and 216 (36.36%) patients developed SAI. The area under the curve of the NRS-2002 scores was smaller than A2DS2 (0.644 vs. 0.779), and NRS-2002 improved the predictive values of the A2DS2 score(Age, Atrial fibrillation, Dysphagia, Sex, Stroke Severity) for SAI (P &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with NRS-2002 score ≥ 3 had significantly higher risks of SAI (NRS-2002: odds ratios (OR) = 1.450, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.184–1.692, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionNRS-2002 is a useful and simple tool for identifying the risk of SAI. Malnutrition is related to the development of SAI. Malnourished patients with stroke may benefit from further nutritional supplements and management.
Assessment of nutritional status of oncology patients at hospital admission: A Portuguese real-world study
Authors: Trabulo Carolina , Lopes Joana , da Silva Dias David , Gramaça João , Fernandes Isabel , Gameiro Rita , Pina Idília , Mäkitie Antti , Ottery Faith , Ravasco Paula 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundNutritional status in patients with cancer has a determining role in the evolution of the disease and tolerance to treatments. Severity of undernutrition impacts morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and can limit patient response to the optimal therapies if nutritional issues are not appropriately addressed and managed. Despite the importance of malnutrition for the clinical evolution of oncology patients, there is not yet a universally accepted standard method for evaluating malnutrition in such patients. The aim of this study was to stratify the nutritional status of inpatients at an Oncology Department.MethodsThis is an observational study with 561 cancer patients, assessed at admission to a Medical Oncology Department from November 2016 to February 2020. All patients were considered eligible. Non-compliant and/or comatose patients were excluded. Nutritional status was assessed using the PG-SGA, BMI classified with the WHO criteria, and calculation of the percentage of weight loss in the previous 3–6 months.ResultsA total of 561 patients (303 F: 258 M; mean age 65 ± 13 years) were included. One-third of the patients, n=191/561 (34%), lost 6% of their weight in the month prior to admission and 297/561 (53%) patients lost 10.2% of weight in the previous 6 months. Mean BMI was 24.1 ± 5.8 kg/m2; N = 280/561 (50%) patients had regular BMI according to the WHO criteria. N = 331/561 (59%) patients reported eating less in the month prior to admission. N = 303/561 (54%) had moderate/severe deficits of muscle and adipose compartments. The PG-SGA identified 499/561 (89%) patients as moderately/severely malnourished, of which 466/561 (83%) patients scored ≥9 points, meeting criteria for a critical need for nutritional support. Fifteen percent of patients scored &gt;4 points, indicating a need for directed therapy for symptom control and only 1% scored &lt;2 points (maintenance nutritional counseling).ConclusionIn this oncological setting, a higher proportion of patients were nutritionally-at-risk or with moderate/severe malnutrition. The large majority of patients in this study presented with a critical need for nutritional intervention. These findings highlight the need for an integrated assessment of nutritional status at patient referral. This will allow early and timely nutrition care, which is recommended to prevent or reverse further deterioration of the condition and to optimize treatment administration.
Pembrolizumab monotherapy for untreated PD-L1-Positive non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly or those with poor performance status: A prospective observational study
Authors: Shiotsu Shinsuke , Yoshimura Akihiro , Yamada Tadaaki , Morimoto Kenji , Tsuchiya Michiko , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Hiranuma Osamu , Chihara Yusuke , Yamada Takahiro , Hasegawa Isao , Ohta Takahiro , Takeda Takayuki , Hiraoka Noriya , Takayama Koichi 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWe investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line treatment for poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) and elderly patients with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also investigated clinical prognostic factors for the efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy, based on patient characteristics.Materials and methodsIn this prospective observational study, PS-2 and elderly NSCLC patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1% who received first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy, from October 2019 to March 2021, at 10 institutions in Japan were enrolled. Patients judged eligible by their physicians for combined chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line treatment were excluded. Clinicopathological characteristics and adverse events were investigated for correlation with clinical outcomes.ResultsForty patients were enrolled in the study. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with PS 2 and those aged ≥ 75 years were 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–14.4) months and 5.3 (95% CI 2.9–9.4) months, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) of patients with PS 2 and those aged ≥ 75 years were 11.6 (95% CI: 1.4–not evaluable [NE]) months and 11.6 (95% CI 7.4–18.1) months, respectively. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were observed in 19 patients; 6 patients had severe irAEs of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade 3 or higher. Patients who achieved stable disease or better, had a statistically significant increase in PFS (p &lt; 0.001) and OS (p &lt; 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the acquisition of disease control with pembrolizumab monotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS.ConclusionPembrolizumab monotherapy was relatively effective and tolerable as a first-line treatment for patients with PD-L1-positive advanced NSCLC who had poor PS or were elderly. Our results suggest that disease control might be an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS in this population. (UMIN000044052 https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050176)
Characterization of lipomatous tumors with high-resolution 1H MRS at 17.6T: Do benign lipomas, atypical lipomatous tumors and liposarcomas have a distinct metabolic signature?
Authors: Bharti Santosh Kumar , Shannon Brett A. , Sharma Raj Kumar , Levin Adam S. , Morris Carol D. , Bhujwalla Zaver M. , Fayad Laura M. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDistinguishing between some benign lipomas (BLs), atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs), and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLs) can be challenging due to overlapping magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and poorly understood molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of liposarcomas.PurposeTo identify metabolic biomarkers of the lipomatous tumor spectrum by examining human tissue specimens using high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and methodsIn this prospective study, human tissue specimens were obtained from participants who underwent surgical resection for radiologically-indeterminate lipomatous tumors between November 2016 and May 2019. Tissue specimens were obtained from normal subcutaneous fat (n=9), BLs (n=10), ALTs (n=7) and DDLs (n=8). Extracts from specimens were examined with high-resolution MRS at 17.6T. Computational modeling of pattern recognition-based cluster analysis was utilized to identify significant differences in metabolic signatures between the lipomatous tumor types.ResultsSignificant differences between BLs and ALTs were observed for multiple metabolites, including leucine, valine, branched chain amino acids, alanine, acetate, glutamine, and formate. DDLs were distinguished from ALTs by increased glucose and lactate, and increased phosphatidylcholine. Multivariate principal component analysis showed clear clustering identifying distinct metabolic signatures of the tissue types.ConclusionMetabolic signatures identified in 1H MR spectra of lipomatous tumors provide new insights into malignant progression and metabolic targeting. The metabolic patterns identified provide the foundation of developing noninvasive MRS or PET imaging biomarkers to distinguish between BLs, ALTs, and DDLs.
Changes in objectively measured sleep among internationally adopted children in 1-year follow-up during the first years in new families
Authors: Heikkilä Anna-Riitta , Lapinleimu Helena , Virtanen Irina , Rönnlund Hanni , Raaska Hanna , Elovainio Marko 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPsychosocial risks and environmental changes experienced by internationally adopted children may predict sleep problems, which are incidentally among the main concerns of adoptive parents. Several questionnaire studies have found sleep of internationally adopted children to be problematic, but none of those used an objective measure in a controlled study.ObjectiveTo determine whether the objectively recorded sleep of internationally adopted children is worse than their controls who are living with their biological parents.MethodsTo this case-control part of the Finnish Adoption Study, we recruited children who were adopted internationally to Finland between October 2012 and December 2016. Simultaneously, control children were recruited from 16 daycare centers. To assess sleep in children, actigraphy recordings were made twice, 1 year apart, between December 2013 and April 2018. In the adopted group, the first assessment took place 10 months after they had arrived in their families. The associations between adoption status and sleep parameters were analyzed using linear mixed modeling and adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including child age.ResultsSeventy-eight internationally adopted children (boys 64%) aged 1–7 years and 99 controls (boys 53%) aged 2–6 years attended the first sleep recording. The recordings showed that the internationally adopted children slept longer (B = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.73, P &lt; 0.001) than the controls. There were no significant differences in sleep fragmentation or sleep efficiency between the groups. During the 1-year follow-up, the sleep patterns of the adopted children approached those of the controls.ConclusionsThe internationally adopted children spent more time in bed and slept more than their control children in both recordings. However, their sleep patterns were not very different from those of their peers and the differences appeared to vanish during the first years in their new family.
Research trends in ulcerative colitis: A bibliometric and visualized study from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Tai , Zhang Beihua , Tian Wende , Wang Fengyun , Zhang Jiaqi , Ma Xiangxue , Wei Yuchen , Tang Xudong 
Published: September 2022

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with repeated relapses and remissions. Despite decades of effort, numerous aspects, including the initiating event and pathogenesis of UC, still remain ambiguous, which requires ongoing investigation. Given the mass of publications on UC, there are multidimensional challenges to evaluating the scientific impact of relevant work and identifying the current foci of the multifaceted disease. Accordingly, herein, we aim to assess the global growth of UC research production, analyze patterns of research areas, and evaluate trends in this area.Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection of Clarivate Analytics was searched for articles related to UC published from 2011 to 2021. Microsoft Office Excel 2019 was used to visualize the number of publications over time. Knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors and to present the journey of UC research as well as to reveal the current foci of UC research.Results: A total of 5,088 publications were evaluated in the present study. China had the most publications (1,099, 22.5%). Univ Calif San Diego was the most productive institution (126, 2.48%). William J Sandborn published the greatest number of articles (100, 1.97%). Toshifumi Hibi was the most influential author in the field with a betweenness centrality of 0.53. Inflammatory bowel diseases was identified as the most prolific journal (379, 7.45%). Gastroenterology was the most co-cited journal (3,730, 4.02%). “Vedolizumab,” “tofacitinib,” “Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,” “fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT),” “toll-like receptor 4,” and “nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome” were considered the hot topics.Conclusion: In UC research, manuscripts that had high impacts on the scientific community provided an evidence base. UC therapy has entered the era of personalized and precision therapy. As research on FMT, anti-integrin antibodies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs continues to grow, their use in the clinical setting may also expand.
Smoking status impacts treatment efficacy in smoke-induced lung inflammation: A pre-clinical study
Authors: Milad Nadia , Pineault Marie , Tremblay Félix , Routhier Joanie , Lechasseur Ariane , Beaulieu Marie-Josée , Aubin Sophie , Morissette Mathieu C. 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:Smoking status and smoking history remain poorly accounted for as variables that could affect the efficacy of new drugs being tested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. As a proof of concept, we used a pre-clinical model of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to compare the impact of treatment during active CS exposure or during the cessation period on the anti-inflammatory effects IL-1α signaling blockade.Methods:Mice were exposed to CS for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week cessation, then acutely re-exposed for 2 days. Mice were treated with an anti-IL-1α antibody either during CS exposure or during cessation and inflammatory outcomes were assessed.Results:We found that mice re-exposed to CS displayed reduced neutrophil counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared to mice exposed only acutely. Moreover, we found that treatment with an anti-IL-1α antibody during the initial CS exposure delayed inflammatory processes and interfered with pulmonary adaptation, leading to rebound pulmonary neutrophilia, increased BAL cytokine secretion (CCL2) and upregulatedMmp12expression. Conversely, administration of anti-IL-1α during cessation had the opposite effect, improving BAL neutrophilia, decreasing CCL2 levels and reducingMmp12expression.Discussion:These results suggest that pulmonary adaptation to CS exposure dampens inflammation and blocking IL-1α signaling during CS exposure delays the inflammatory response. More importantly, the same treatment administered during cessation hastens the return to pulmonary inflammatory homeostasis, strongly suggesting that smoking status and treatment timing should be considered when testing new biologics in COPD.
A D-type dual side-polished, highly sensitive, plasma refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Zhang Qinrong , Li Wei , Ren Qingyin , Zheng Jiajin , Xie Qiyun , Wang Xiangfu 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a D-shape dual side-polished (DSP) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on high sensitivity and high range refractive index (RI) is proposed and analyzed. The surface of the structure is plated with Au and TiO2, which can enhance the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and sensitivity. The characteristics of the sensor were analyzed by finite element method (FEM). Its RI scope of detection is 1.38–1.42, and by optimizing geometric parameters, the optimal wavelength sensitivity (WS) is 22,100 nm/RIU. Additionally, the WS for DSP-PCF is far better than the recently reported PCF sensors in the above mentioned RI detection range to the best of our knowledge. With these significant outcomes over the analyte RI range, which is helpful for the fields of environmental detection and medical diagnosis.
Combined resistance and aerobic training improves lung function and mechanics and fibrotic biomarkers in overweight and obese women
Authors: Silva-Reis Anamei , Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel Maysa Alves , Moraes-Ferreira Renilson , Gonçalves-Alves Thiago Gibson , Souza-Palmeira Victor Hugo , Aquino-Santos Helida Cristina , Bachi Andre Luis Lacerda , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco de , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Oliveira-Silva Iranse , Albertini Regiane , Frison Claudio Ricardo , Vieira Rodolfo P 
Published: September 2022

Background: Obesity impairs lung function and mechanics and leads to low-grade inflammation, but the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE) on that are unknown.Methods: We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of combined physical exercise (aerobic + resistance training), in non-obese (n = 12), overweight (n = 17), and obese grade I (n = 11) women. Lung function and lung mechanics were evaluated. The systemic immune response was evaluated by whole blood analysis and biomarker measurements, while pulmonary fibrotic biomarkers were evaluated in the breath condensate.Result: CPE improved forced vital capacity (FVC) % (p &lt; 0.001) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) % (p &lt; 0.0003) in the obese group; resistance of the respiratory system (R5Hz) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.0099), overweight (p &lt; 0.0005), and obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups; resistance of proximal airways (R20Hz) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.01), overweight (p &lt; 0.0009), and obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups; resistance of distal airways (R5Hz–R20Hz) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.01), overweight (p &lt; 0.0012), and obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups; reactance of the respiratory system (X5Hz) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.01), overweight (p &lt; 0.0006), and obese (p &lt; 0.0005) groups; impedance of the respiratory system (Z5Hz) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.0099), overweight (p &lt; 0.0005), and obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups; central resistance (RCentral) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.01), overweight (p &lt; 0.001), and obese (p &lt; 0.0003) groups; and the peripheral resistance (RPeripheral) in non-obese (p &lt; 0.03), overweight (p &lt; 0.001), and obese (p &lt; 0.0002) groups. CPE reduced the pro-fibrotic IGF-1 levels in BC in overweight (p &lt; 0.0094) and obese groups (p &lt; 0.0001) and increased anti-fibrotic Klotho levels in BC in obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups, and reduced levels of exhaled nitric oxide in overweight (p &lt; 0.03) and obese (p &lt; 0.0001) groups.Conclusion: CPE improves lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary immune response in overweight and obese grade I women by increasing anti-fibrotic protein Klotho and reducing pro-fibrotic IGF-1.
Use and perceived usefulness of a just-in-time resonance breathing intervention adjunct for substance use disorder: Contextual and physiological predictors
Authors: Price Julianne L. , Bates Marsha E. , Pawlak Anthony P. , Uhouse Sarah Grace , Todaro Sabrina M. , Morgano Julie , Buckman Jennifer F. 
Published: September 2022

Craving for alcohol and other drugs is often described as a momentary hyperarousal state that interferes with one's ability to use top-down strategies. As such, it may be best interrupted ‘in the moment' through bottom-up modulation. We recently reported that episodic resonance paced breathing (eRPB) delivered via mobile phone app as an add-on to outpatient treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) was effective at dampening craving over the course of an 8-week intervention (NCT#02579317). However, not all participants engaged with the eRPB app and there was high intra- and inter-individual variability in weekly ratings of usefulness. Here we examined baseline demographic, physiological, and psychiatric measures as well as time-varying exposure to positive, negative, and temptation craving triggers as predictors of frequency of eRPB app use and ratings of usefulness. Seventy-seven outpatient women were randomized to an eRPB (0.1 Hz) or a faster paced breathing sham (0.23 Hz) condition. Baseline measures were assessed within the first 3 weeks of treatment entry prior to randomization. App use frequency, ratings of usefulness, and trigger exposure were measured weekly throughout the intervention. Variables were entered into marginal means models with forward stepwise model selection and examined as predictors of use and usefulness. Frequent app use was associated with a lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (p = 0.026), higher ratings of usefulness (p &lt; 0.001), and fewer exposures to positive triggers (e.g., celebration, socialization; p &lt; 0.001). There was a trend-level association between frequency of app use and greater cardiovascular capacity at baseline (p = 0.088). Higher ratings of usefulness were associated with greater exposure to negative triggers (e.g,. loneliness, frustration; p &lt; 0.001) and parasympathetic dysregulation at baseline (p = 0.05). A positive relationship between app use frequency and ratings of usefulness was present only in the eRPB group (p = 0.045). Matching ideal candidates and moments to an arousal modulation anti-craving intervention can help streamline screening and implementation of eRPB in the treatment of SUD.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02579317, identifier NCT02579317.
Assessing the income-related inequality in obesity among the elderly in China: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Xu Jinpeng , Tian Guomei , Zhang Ting , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Jian , Shi Qi , Sun Jiale , Wang Haixin , Zhang Bokai , Wu Qunhong , Kang Zheng 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundObesity among the elderly imposes a significant health and economic burden. The purpose of this study was to measure the obesity prevalence and income-related inequality among older adults in China and to explore the determinants of the inequity.MethodsData were obtained from 4,541 older adults (60 years and older) participating in the China Family Panel Study, 2018. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2. Normalized concentration index and concentration curve were calculated to measure the income-related inequality. Decomposition analysis was used to measure the contribution of each factor to the overall unfairness.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity among the respondents was 7.99%. The 95% confidence interval for the overall prevalence was 7.20–8.78%. The normalized concentration index of obesity in the elderly was 0.075 (95% confidence interval: 0.047–0.103), indicating that obesity was more concentrated among the rich (p &lt; 0.05). Socioeconomic factors contributed the most to the overall inequality (68.73%). Health behavior factors explained 16.38% of the observed income-related inequality in obesity among the elderly in China.ConclusionsIn 2018, obesity was more concentrated among the elderly with higher incomes in China. The pro-poor income-related inequality was mainly due to the higher socioeconomic status of higher-income older adults. Health behaviors and psychosocial factors could also exacerbate the inequality. To prevent the heavy burden of obesity on the health and finances of older adults, more attention should be paid to those who are financially better off, especially those who smoke and are physically inactive, while extroverted older adults also need to be focused on. For developing countries, concern needs to be given to the obesity of the wealthy elderly as a result of economic development.