bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large hospitals' outpatient diversion system in China: Following individual intention and referral
Authors: Luo Le , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Yumeng , Feng Chenchen , Zhang Xinli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explored the strategies and suggestions for the outpatient diversion system of large hospitals in Chinese underdeveloped areas of primary medical care, under the consideration of balancing patients' intention and compliance with the referral system. An empirical study was conducted on the relationship among medical need, visiting intention and health‐seeking behaviour to verify the effect of intention‐system mixed outpatient diversion mode in China's large hospitals. Examination of the demographic characteristics, insurance, and residence information revealed that outpatients could be divided into three categories before the application of the referral system. Then, due to the implementation of the referral system, the willingness of some patients to seek medical treatment has changed. Consequently, the service path for outpatients could be consolidated into two categories with differentiated behavioural characteristics, which were respectively driven by personal intention and service system. According to the utility value intervention of the referral system for outpatient seeking behaviour, some measures and strategies can be explored to build a new system that combines personal connotation and system utility to realise the effective distribution and management of outpatients in large hospitals in Chinese underdeveloped areas.
Carbon footprint modelling of national health systems: Opportunities, challenges and recommendations
Authors: Booth Amy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealth care presents significant contributions towards climate change. An awareness of a health systems carbon footprint provides a quantification of its environmental impact, an understanding of carbon intensive areas to target with reduction measures and a means of mapping trends in emissions over time. Attempts at calculating the carbon footprint of national health systems are few, predominantly of developed nations, and are limited by data availability and methodological inadequacies. There is a need to mobilise countries to understand the role of health care in contributing towards climate change and for them to start engaging in ongoing calculations of their national health system carbon footprints. There is also a need to improve data availability and information systems to allow for such calculations, especially in developing countries where there may be differences in carbon hotspots. Finally, there is a need for continued improvements in the carbon footprint modelling methodology of health systems as data collection and available emission factors, especially of health care specific products and supply chain emissions, improves. Health systems need to join the global fight against climate change.
Estradiol treatment in young postmenopausal women with self‐reported cognitive complaints: Effects on cholinergic‐mediated cognitive performance
Authors: Conley Alexander C. , Albert Kimberly M. , McDonald Brenna C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Dumas Julie A. , Newhouse Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveOlder women are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men. One proposed reason is that following menopause there is a decline in estrogens. Estrogens are important for cholinergic functioning and attenuate the impact of cholinergic antagonists on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. Self‐reported or subjective cognitive complaints in middle or older age may represent a harbinger of cognitive decline and those who endorse cognitive complaints appear more likely to develop future cognitive impairment. However, the response of individuals with cognitive complaints after menopause to estrogen and the relationship to cholinergic functioning has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of estrogen treatment using 17β‐estradiol on cognitive performance following anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women and the relationship of this interaction with the level of self‐reported (subjective) postmenopausal cognitive complaints.MethodsForty postmenopausal women (aged 50–60 years) completed a 3‐month treatment regimen of either 1 mg oral estradiol or placebo. Participants then completed four challenge days in which they completed cognitive and behavioral tasks after one of four cholinergic antagonist drug conditions (oral mecamylamine (MECA), intravenous scopolamine, combined MECA and scopolamine, or PLC).ResultsCompared to PLC, the estradiol treated group performed worse on attention tasks under cholinergic challenge including the choice reaction time task and the critical flicker fusion task. In addition, participants who endorsed greater cognitive complaints showed reduced performance on the N‐back working memory task, regardless of whether they received estradiol treatment.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that estradiol treatment was unable to mitigate anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women with subjective cognitive complaints, and worsened performance on attention tasks. Moreover, the present study suggests that greater levels of cognitive complaints following menopause may be associated with an underlying decline in cholinergic function that may manifest as an inability to compensate during working memory tasks.
On the interplay between hillslope and drainage network flow dynamics in the catchment travel time distribution
Authors: Zarlenga Antonio , Fiori Aldo , Cvetkovic Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTravel time is a robust measure of water transport dynamics in catchments. At a given control section along a drainage network, travel time distribution results from an interplay between two main processes: (i) the transport through the hillslopes and (ii) transport through the drainage network. The main scope of this work is to quantify this interplay, specifically we aim to identify the relative impact of hillslopes and channels on the travel time at the catchment scale. A theoretical framework is developed following a bottom‐up modelling approach that combines a Boussinesq model for water flow and water travel time in hillslopes, with a geomorphological model for water transport in drainage network. Simple semi‐analytical solutions are derived for the first two moments of the travel time distribution within a flow section. We provide some relevant examples based on synthetic rainfall data, exploring the relative impacts of hillslope and channel properties. As expected, the dynamics of the hillslopes control the travel time distribution at the catchment scale. The drainage network typically introduces a lag in the average travel time exiting the hillslopes and reduces the temporal fluctuations of the mean travel time and its variance. Our theoretical model provides meaningful insights on the investigation of the dominant dynamics taking place in catchments: results suggest that hillslopes and their features are the main driver of travel time in catchments. The temporal fluctuations of the travel time moments show a non‐linear dependence with the recharge time‐series and need to be considered as time‐variant. Variability of water ages collected in a single water sample can be very large, the latter feature may have a significant effect on the water quality and on the tracer data analysis, largely governed by the contact times between water and catchment material.
Mode of delivery and short‐term maternal mental health: A follow‐up study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Skov Stina Kruse , Hjorth Sarah , Kirkegaard Helene , Olsen Jørn , Nohr Ellen Aagaard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate associations between mode of delivery and maternal mental health 6 months postpartum.MethodsFollow‐up of mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Symptoms of anxiety, depression or stress were self‐reported at gestational week 30 and 6 months postpartum. Mode of delivery was categorized as spontaneous vaginal birth, instrumental vaginal birth, planned cesarean section and emergency cesarean section. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to compute differences and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between delivery mode and mental health indicators adjusted for mental health before and during pregnancy.ResultsAmong 54 474 mothers, mental health indicators improved from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum for all delivery modes. Improvement was smallest in mothers with emergency cesarean section. Thus, compared to women with a spontaneous vaginal birth, women with emergency cesarean section more frequently reported symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.11; 0.98–1.24), depression (OR 1.25; 1.09–1.43) and stress (OR 1.14; 1.01–1.29) 6 months postpartum, and women with planned cesarean section more frequently reported symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.15; 1.01–1.29).ConclusionMental health improved from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum regardless of delivery mode. Mothers with emergency cesarean section experienced more symptoms of emotional distress 6 months postpartum.
Antibiofilm potential of a negative pressure wound therapy foam loaded with a first‐in‐class tri‐alkyl norspermidine‐biaryl antibiotic
Authors: Rawson Kaden B. , Neuberger Travis , Smith Tyler , Reddy Hariprasada Reddy Kanna , Haussener Travis J. , Sebahar Paul R. , Looper Ryan E. , Isaacson Brad M. , Shero John , Pasquina Paul F. , Williams Dustin L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNegative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly utilized to treat traumatic injuries sustained on the modern battlefield. However, NPWT has failed to decrease the incidence of deep tissue infections experienced by Wounded Warriors, despite attempts to integrate common antimicrobials, like Ag+ nanoparticles, into the wound dressing. The purpose of this study was to incorporate a unique antibiofilm compound (CZ‐01179) into the polyurethane matrix of NPWT foam via lyophilized hydrogel scaffolding. Foam samples with 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% w/w CZ‐01179 were produced and antibiofilm efficacy was compared to the current standards of care: V.A.C.® GRANUFOAM SILVER™ and V.A.C.® GRANUFOAM™. Gravimetric analysis and elution kinetics testing confirmed that this loading technique was both repeatable and controllable. Furthermore, zone of inhibition and antibiofilm efficacy testing showed that foam loaded with CZ‐01179 had significantly increased activity against planktonic and biofilm phenotypes of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii compared to the clinical standards. These findings motivate additional ex vivo and in vivo work with NPWT foam loaded with CZ‐01179 with the overall objective of reducing NPWT‐associated infections that complicate battlefield‐related and other wounds.
Response to High‐Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Is Specific to Imaging Modality and Skeletal Site
Authors: Burt Lauren A , Gabel Leigh , Billington Emma O , Hanley David A , Boyd Steven K 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTHigh‐dose vitamin D supplementation (4000 or 10,000 IU/d) in vitamin D‐sufficient individuals results in a dose‐dependent decrease in radius and tibia total bone mineral density (Tt.BMD) compared with 400 IU/d. This exploratory analysis examined whether the response to high‐dose vitamin D supplementation depends on imaging modality and skeletal site. Participants were aged 55 to 70 years, not osteoporotic, with serum 25(OH)D 30 to 125 nM. Participants’ radius and tibia were scanned on high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) to measure Tt.BMD, trabecular bone volume fraction (Tb.BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and finite element analysis (FEA) estimated failure load. Three‐dimensional image registration was used. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip, spine, and radius measured areal BMD (aBMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS). Constrained linear mixed‐effects models determined treatment group‐by‐time and treatment group‐by‐time‐by‐sex interactions. The treatment group‐by‐time interaction previously observed for radial Tt.BMD was observed at both ultradistal (UD, p < 0.001) and 33% (p < 0.001) aBMD sites. However, the treatment group‐by‐time‐by‐sex interaction observed for radial Tt.BMD was not observed with aBMD at either the UD or 33% site, and the 4000 and 400 groups did not differ. Registered radial FEA results mirrored Tt.BMD. An increase in Tb.Sp and decrease in Ct.Th underpinned dose‐dependent changes in radial BMD and strength. We observed no effects in DXA‐based aBMD at the hip or spine or TBS. At the tibia, we observed a time‐by‐treatment group effect for Tb.BV/TV. Given that DXA measures at the radius did not detect sex differences or differences between the 4000 and 400 groups, HR‐pQCT at the radius may be more sensitive for examining bone changes after vitamin D supplementation. Although DXA did not reveal treatment effects at the hip or spine, whether that is a true skeletal site difference or a lack of modality sensitivity remains unclear. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Role of m5C RNA methylation regulators in colorectal cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment
Authors: Fang Xiaojie , Miao Chenyun , Zeng Tianni , Chu Weijian , Zheng Yi , Sun Xi , Yin Xin , Li Yanyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRNA modification has become one of the hot topics of research as it can be used for tumor prognosis. However, its role in various biological processes is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of m5C and m1A regulators on colorectal cancer prognosis using bioinformatics tools. The association between these regulators and differences in patient survival as well as the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer tissues were assessed.MethodsWe selected publicly available colorectal cancer data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used the “limma” package in R to identify differentially expressed genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to calculate the prognostic risk, and a risk prediction model was constructed, to help assess the prognostic values of the differentially expressed genes. Finally, using TISCH and TIMER, we assessed the extent of cellular infiltration in colorectal cancer.ResultsWe explored NSUN6 and DNMT3A expression using UALCAN and HPA and found that their expression is significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissues and correlated with sex and TP53 mutation status. Moreover, we found NSUN6 and DNMT3A were related to the infiltration of six major immune cells, with DNMT3A being closely related to dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells, whereas NSUN6 to B cells and CD8+ T cells.ConclusionOur findings suggest that m5C regulators can predict the clinical prognostic risk and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
Alcohol use among US dental students: Results of a nationwide survey
Authors: Scarbecz Mark , DeSchepper Edward J. , Dyer Nakeshi L. , Blanton Alan O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesSubstance use may be a consequence of dental student stress. Studies have examined the alcohol use among medical students, but there are fewer studies among dental students. The purpose of this study was to examine alcohol use in a large geographically diverse sample of US Dental Students.MethodsAn anonymous web‐based survey instrument was modeled after well‐known surveys of college student substance use. Survey data collection used best practices for web‐based surveys when possible.Results2019 responses were collected with the cooperation of fifteen US dental schools (potential sample size: 6029; RR: 7.6%, n = 463). 2021 responses were collected using the American Student Dental Association email list (potential sample size: 18,722; RR: 2.2%, n = 424). Respondents came from all regions of the US. Thirty‐day alcohol usage and binge drinking rates were somewhat higher among dental students than college‐age students from other surveys. Women's 30‐day prevalence of alcohol use was slightly higher than men, but binge drinking prevalence was greater among men. Prevalence of binge drinking was higher among white students, as was mean drinks per drinking occasion. Students who self‐reported below average academic performance were more likely to report drinking to get away from problems and had a higher prevalence of some alcohol‐related problems (ARPs).ConclusionsDespite the limitations of this study, the results are consistent with that of other studies. This study has provided some valuable insight into the prevalence of alcohol usage and ARPs among US dental students. Of special concern are the reasons for drinking as mechanisms for relieving tension and stress, which may continue into dental practice.
Qualitative content analysis: A framework for the substantive review of hospital incident reports
Authors: Stephens Seth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor decades, incident reports have been utilized as a part of comprehensive healthcare risk management and patient safety programs. As the roles of healthcare risk managers and patient safety professionals become more complex, it is essential that standard tools and strategies used by these professionals, like incident report analysis, be standardized to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Qualitative content analysis provides a structured framework that can be successfully used to describe the categories and themes of incidents, so that, they can be used to develop individual and organizational learning.
Investigation of GALNS variants and genotype–phenotype correlations in a large cohort of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA
Authors: Yi Mengni , Wang Yu , Gao Xiaolan , Han Lianshu , Qiu Wenjuan , Gu Xuefan , Maegawa Gustavo H. B. , Zhang Huiwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the deficiency of N‐acetylgalactosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) caused by pathogenic variants in the GALNS gene. A systematic analysis for genotype–phenotype correlation is essential due to hundreds of variants generating different levels of residual GALNS activity and causing a wide degree of clinical manifestation effects. Here, we retrospectively analyzed clinical and genetic data of 108 unrelated patients with MPS IVA to investigate the variants spectrum of GALNS and assess their clinical effects. In this cohort, 82 patients were classified as severe, 14 as intermediate, and 12 as mild. One hundred and one GALNS variants were identified, of which 47 were novel. Most patients with at least one GALNS null variant were classified as severe phenotype (92%, 33/36). Missense variants mapped to different residues of GALNS protein resulted in different phenotypes in patients with MPS IVA. Ninety‐two percent of patients with two missense variants mapped to buried residues were classified as severe (92%, 24/26), while at least one missense variant mapped to surface residues was identified in patients with biallelic missense variants presenting intermediate MPS IVA (78%, 7/9) and presenting mild MPS IVA (86%, 6/7). Our study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular spectrum of GALNS variants and their clinical implications. Based on the data herein reported, we generated a systematic flowchart correlating the GALNS variants to assist in phenotype prediction and classification of patients with MPS IVA.
Do employees' tattoos leave a mark on customers' reactions to products and organizations?
Authors: Ruggs Enrica N. , Hebl Mikki R. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryPrevious research has shown negative evaluations of tattooed employees in the workplace, particularly in white‐collar jobs and by hiring managers (e.g., Henle et al., 2021, as they are perceived to possibly damage an organization's image. Drawing on the stereotype and stigma literatures (e.g., Kunda & Spencer, 2003, Zhang et al., 2021), we examined how customers evaluate tattooed employees and the organizations for which they work. We also explored the role of tattoo‐related stereotypes as a mechanism to explain the influence of employee tattoos on customers' reactions. Across two studies, we found that customers held both negative and positive stereotypes about tattooed employees but they did not display more negative attitudes or behaviors toward tattooed (vs. non‐tattooed) employees. Further, in white‐collar jobs that involve artistic skills, tattooed employees were viewed more positively, which in turn was related to greater hiring intentions for these employees compared to non‐tattooed employees. We discuss implications of our findings with respect to the shifting nature of tattoos as stigma, the role of stereotype application in understanding tattoo stigma, and the value of considering greater contextual factors in the evaluation of how tattooed employees affect organizations.
Dietary stevia residue extract supplementation improves the performance and antioxidative capacity of growing–finishing pigs
Authors: Xiong Yunxia , Liu Shuai , Xiao Hao , Wu Qiwen , Chi Lei , Zhu Liping , Fang Ling , Li Yajing , Jiang Zongyong , Wang Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproper disposal of stevia residue causes environmental pollution and waste of resources. The extract of stevia residue is rich in chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acids, and has a great potential in livestock and poultry breeding. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary stevia residue extract (SRE) supplementation on the performance, meat quality, antioxidative capacity and gut microbiota in growing–finishing pigs.RESULTSThe results showed that increasing the concentration of SRE supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight from day 1 to 35. Supplementation with SRE significantly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) from day 1 to 75. 100 mg kg−1 SRE supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight and gastric index. Moreover, increasing the concentration of SRE linearly increased (P < 0.05) the score of appearance of longissimus thoracis, as well as serum albumin, triglyceride and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content. Further study found that increasing the concentration of SRE linearly increased (P < 0.05) serum total superoxide dismutase activity, and showed a significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with activity of serum catalase, while linearly decreasing (P < 0.05) muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, supplementation with 100 mg kg−1 SRE significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum MDA content, while 600 and 800 mg kg−1 SRE supplementation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) muscle MDA content. However, SRE supplementation had no significant effect on gut microbiota (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese data indicated that dietary SRE supplementation improves the performance and antioxidative capacity of growing–finishing pigs. We recommend that the optimal supplemental level of SRE in the diet of growing–finishing pigs is 100 mg kg−1. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.