bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: The effect of intravenous and oral antibiotics on the gut microbiome and breath volatile organic compounds over one year
Authors: Shahi Farah , Forrester Sarah , Redeker Kelly , Chong James P.J. , Barlow Gavin 
Published: June 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern and better understanding of the gut microbiome, a known ‘amplifier’ of AMR, may allow future clinicians to tailor therapy to minimise this risk and offer a personalised medicine approach. To examine the gut microbiome, patients are required to provide faecal samples; more convenient and cheaper solutions need to be found.Methods: As part of a pilot study looking at how routes of administration affect the gut microbiome in NHS patients undergoing routine clinical management for infections, we hypothesised that effects on the gut microbiome varied with the route and metabolism of antibiotic used, and these changes may be reflected in breath metabolites. We present a case report of a patient with an unusual clinical history, alongside breath metabolite and gut microbiome data taken before, during and after antibiotic therapy over a period of one year.Results: We noted a shift in the dominantBacteroidesstrain in the patient’s gut microbiome between pre- and post-therapy samples, along with an alteration in the composition of breath metabolites.Conclusions: This study provides a framework for similar future work and highlights the need for further research on the relationships between changes in microbial gut communities and antimicrobial exposure, patient clinical status, and the metabolites of human breath.
Frontier: Eating the Metaphorical Elephant: Meeting Nitrogen Reduction Goals in Upper Mississippi River Basin States
Authors: Feyereisen Gary W. , Hay Christopher H. , Christianson Reid D. , Helmers Matthew J. 
Published: June 2022

HighlightsMeeting nutrient reduction goals will be a massive effort with many challenges.No one practice or group of practices will meet the goals; a mix of multiple practices is needed.Edge-of-field practices become increasingly important as implementation level increases.Understanding the scale of the challenge is a necessary step toward meeting the challenge. Keywords: Gulf of Mexico, Hypoxia, Nitrate, Nutrient reduction, Subsurface tile drainage.
Some Physical Properties of Aflatoxin-Inoculated Cottonseed
Authors: Bridges Catelyn , Moore Janie McClurkin 
Published: June 2022

HighlightsThe combination of seed dimensions, moisture content, and color were used to indicate microbial spoilage.Increased water availability in cottonseed stored over time resulted in higher aflatoxin concentrations.Cottonseed with high microbial levels and aflatoxin could be sorted and removed by size and true density.Higher aflatoxin levels were correlated to lower true density.Abstract. Aspergillus flavus is a common field and stored grain fungus that infects cottonseed and other protein-rich grains and oilseeds. This fungus produces aflatoxin, a toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin, which is initially found in the field and then proliferates during storage as A. flavus metabolizes. When consumed, cottonseed contaminated with aflatoxin has an associated health risk for dairy and beef cattle and poses a cancer threat to humans. There is a need to separate and clean batches of cottonseed before processing. The objective of this study was to determine the key physical properties of contaminated and non-contaminated (healthy) cottonseed. Healthy fuzzy cottonseed (350 g) and cottonseed contaminated with 150 ppb of aflatoxin (350 g), with an initial moisture content of 8.3% dry basis, were stored at 25°C and 85% relative humidity for 21 days. The properties of the healthy and contaminated fuzzy cottonseed after the 21-day storage period that were characterized included sphericity, surface area, individual seed mass, projected area, color, and volume. The presence of aflatoxin and fungus showed significant effects on the density (&gt;1.3 g cm-3), dimensions (&gt;9.8, 5.6, and 4.9 mm for major, intermediate, and minor diameters, respectively), surface area (&gt;368.4 mm2), projected area (&gt;56.7 mm2), and volume (&gt;0.08 cm3) of fuzzy cottonseed. The results of this study provide measurements of physical properties that relate to separating cottonseed contaminated with aflatoxin and fungus during storage and before processing. Keywords: Aflatoxin, Aspergillus flavus, Fuzzy cottonseed, Physical properties, Storage, Surface area, True density.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Tractor Guidance Systems Based on Pasture Management Scenarios
Authors: Ashworth Amanda Joy , Putman William Benjamin , Kharel Tulsi , Thoma Greg , Shew Aaron , Popp Michael , Owens Phillip 
Published: June 2022

HighlightsTractor guidance (TG) reduced the overlaps and gaps during fertilizer and herbicide applications.Production gains with TG on were 2.7% to 6.5% relative to TG off; however, fuel consumption increased.A 5% increase in yield is needed to make tractor guidance environmentally remunerating.Abstract. The use of auto-guidance on tractors and self-propelled machinery improves agricultural production efficiencies by reportedly avoiding negative environmental impacts from over-applying fertilizers and herbicides. Environmental impacts from auto-tractor guidance systems have not been systematically quantified and are difficult to assess at the farm system level. Therefore, this study uses a life cycle-based assessment to quantify the environmental impacts of deploying tractor guidance (TG) over a range of fertility rates, fertilizer sources (organic and inorganic), equipment, and pasture crops through scenarios based on in-field data (collected with and without TG). The use of TG reduced gaps by 7.6% and 10.1% and reduced absolute overlaps by 32.5% and 4.2% during herbicide and fertilizer application, respectively. Estimated production gains with TG on ranged from 2.7% to 6.5% over the baseline (TG off); however, tractor fuel consumption increased when TG was employed. There was high uncertainty for productivity gain estimates; however, under scenario testing with an assumed 15% yield gain, TG resulted in 8% to 12% reduced environmental impacts across all impact categories relative to non-GPS enabled technologies. Future research should be focused on actual yield-based responses from TG, as well as field emissions, operator experience, and resulting water quality. Overall, yield gains were crucial for improved pasture-based system sustainability when using TG because TG results in fewer gaps and overlaps, thereby resulting in greater input use across pasture landscapes. Consequently, more targeted applications of inputs during production may lead to fewer nutrients in water systems and more sustainable production of food. Keywords: Auto-guidance, Forage systems, Life cycle assessment, Poultry litter, Precision agriculture, Small farms.
Enhancement of grayscale image display with amplitude Fourier holograms, employing a limited bandwidth phase
Authors: Cruz Maria-Luisa 
Published: June 2022

An alternative method is proposed to generate a modified
random phase that is able to
concentrate the light around a given direction, produces
well-contrasted Fourier amplitude holograms, reduces the quantity and
the randomness of the speckle noise in the image, and decreases the
amount of data necessary for the phase definition. This modified
limited bandwidth random phase uses structured random phase patterns
to control the object dispersion. The resulting hologram displays an
image with structured speckle noise (SSN), exhibiting similar metrics
as the iterative method for hologram generation. A filtering process
eliminates the SSN; the speckle contrast in the final image is reduced
from 0.66 to 0.07; and the peak SNR increases from 7.21 dB to
12.62 dB. This method enhances the fine details and grayscale tone
perception in the final image.
Identification of four serum miRNAs as potential markers to screen for thirteen cancer types
Authors: Chen Joe W. , Dhahbi Joseph 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Cancer consistently remains one of the top causes of death in the United States every year, with many cancer deaths preventable if detected early. Circulating serum miRNAs are a promising, minimally invasive supplement or even an alternative to many current screening procedures. Many studies have shown that different serum miRNAs can discriminate healthy individuals from those with certain types of cancer. Although many of those miRNAs are often reported to be significant in one cancer type, they are also altered in other cancer types. Currently, very few studies have investigated serum miRNA biomarkers for multiple cancer types for general cancer screening purposes.

Method
To identify serum miRNAs that would be useful in screening multiple types of cancers, microarray cancer datasets were curated, yielding 13 different types of cancer with a total of 3352 cancer samples and 2809 non-cancer samples. The samples were divided into training and validation sets. One hundred random forest models were built using the training set to select candidate miRNAs. The selected miRNAs were then used in the validation set to see how well they differentiate cancer from normal samples in an independent dataset. Furthermore, the interactions between these miRNAs and their target mRNAs were investigated.

Result
The random forest models achieved an average of 97% accuracy in the training set with 95% bootstrap confidence interval of 0.9544 to 0.9778. The selected miRNAs were hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-3184-5p, and hsa-miR-8073. Each miRNA exhibited high area under the curve (AUC) value using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Moreover, the combination of four out of five miRNAs achieved the highest AUC value of 0.9815 with high sensitivity of 0.9773, indicating that these miRNAs have a high potential for cancer screening. miRNA-mRNA and protein-protein interaction analysis provided insights into how these miRNAs play a role in cancer.
Effects of different stent wire mesh densities on hemodynamics in aneurysms of different sizes
Authors: Masuda Shunsuke , Fujimura Soichiro , Takao Hiroyuki , Takeshita Kohei , Suzuki Takashi , Uchiyama Yuya , Karagiozov Kostadin , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Fukudome Koji , Yamamoto Makoto , Murayama Yuichi 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIntracranial stents are used to treat aneurysms by diverting the blood flow from entering into the aneurysmal dome. Although delayed rupture is rare, clinical outcomes are extremely poor in such cases. Hemodynamics after stent deployment may be related to delayed rupture and a better understanding of the basic characteristics of pressure changes resulting from stent deployment is needed; therefore, this study investigated the relationships between hemodynamics in aneurysms of different sizes treated using stents of different wire mesh densities.MethodsUsing computational fluid dynamics analysis, parameters related to velocity, volume flow rate, pressure, and residual volume inside the aneurysm were evaluated in digital models of 5 basic aneurysms of differing sizes (Small, Medium, Medium-Large, Large, and Giant) and using 6 different types of stent (varying number of wires, stent pitch and wire mesh density) for each aneurysm.ResultsRegardless of the aneurysm size, the velocity inside the aneurysm and the volume flow rate into the aneurysm were observed to continuously decrease up to 89.2% and 78.1%, respectively, with increasing stent mesh density. In terms of pressure, for giant aneurysms, the pressure on the aneurysmal surface elevated to 10.3%, then decreased to 5.1% with increasing stent mesh density. However, in smaller aneurysms, this pressure continuously decreased with increasing stent mesh density. The flow-diverting effect of the stents was limited when a stent with low mesh density (under 20%) was used with a giant aneurysm.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that the selection of appropriate stents according to aneurysm size may contribute to reduced risks of hemodynamic alternations related to stent deployment, which could reduce the incidence of delayed rupture.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of Thermal Decomposition of Waste Virgin PE and Waste Recycled PE
Authors: Rasaidi Nurameylia , Mohamad Daud Ahmad Rafizan , Ismail Siti Norazian 
Published: June 2022

Polyethylene is one of the key components of plastic wastes that can be utilized for resource recovery through pyrolysis method. Understanding of thermal decomposition properties and reaction mechanism of pyrolysis are necessary in designing an efficient reactor system. This study investigated the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters for individual waste virgin polyethylene (WVPE) and waste recycled polyethylene (WRPE) by using distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The calculated kinetic parameters (activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were used to determine thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS). The activation energy (Ea) values for the WVPE estimated at conversion interval of 5%-95% were in the range of 180.62 to 268.04 kJ/mol while for the WRPE, the values were between 125.58 to 243.08 kJ/mol. This indicates the influence of exposure to weathering and mechanical stress during recycling on the course of the WRPE degradation. It was also found that the pyrolysis reaction for both WVPE and WRPE were best fitted using the two-dimensional diffusion (D2) model. The WVPE exhibited higher enthalpy and lower ΔG compared to WRPE, suggesting that less energy is required to thermally degrade recycled waste PE into products of char, gases and pyro-oils. Both kinetics and thermodynamics analyses were useful for the development of the plastic waste management through pyrolysis process.
Properties of Functions on a Bounded Charge Space
Authors: Keith Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A charge space (X, 𝒜, µ) is a generalisation of a measure space, consisting of a sample space X, a field of subsets 𝒜 and a finitely additive measure µ, also known as a charge. Properties a real-valued function on X may possess include T
1-measurability and integrability. However, these properties are less well studied than their measure-theoretic counterparts.
This paper describes new characterisations of T
1-measurability and integrability for a bounded charge space (µ(X) < ∞). These characterisations are convenient for analytic purposes; for example, they facilitate simple proofs that T
1-measurability is equivalent to conventional measurability and integrability is equivalent to Lebesgue integrability, if (X, 𝒜, µ) is a complete measure space.
New characterisations of equality almost everywhere of two real-valued functions on a bounded charge space are provided. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the function space L
1(X, 𝒜, µ) to be a Banach space are determined. Lastly, the concept of completion of a measure space is generalised for charge spaces, and it is shown that under certain conditions, completion of a charge space adds no new equivalence classes to the quotient space ℒ
p
(X, 𝒜, µ).
RICE 2020: Exploring the Inclusivity of European Churches towards LGBTI People
Authors: Brouwer Rein , Zorgdrager Heleen , d’Alò Pilar M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Religion plays a major part in the changes that have taken place with regard to the recognition of rights of Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Bisexual and Intersex (LGBTI) people. In today’s world, growing activism around sexual and gender diversity meets increased hostility towards LGBTI people. This research article presents the design of a collaborative research project to explore and investigate the empirical situation of European churches towards inclusivity of LGBTI people.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ2
N:N′)cobalt(II)] tetrafluoroterephthalate, C26H28N8O6F4Co
Authors: Huang Xiao-Zhou , Lu Jiu-Fu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C26H28N8O6F4Co, monoclinic, C2/m (no. 12), a = 15.7590(18) Å, b = 11.6981(15) Å, c = 9.1210(12) Å, β = 121.227(7)°, V = 1437.8(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0323, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0904, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl -1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- κ
4
N,N′,Nʺ,N‴)nickel(II)-(μ2-perchlorato-κ
2
O:O′)] 3,5-dicarboxybenzoate – methanol (1/2), C27H49ClN4NiO12
Authors: Wang Qiong , Ou Guang-Chuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C27H49ClN4NiO12, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.180(2) Å, b = 12.320(3) Å, c = 12.754(3) Å, α = 98.263(2)°, β = 97.524(2)°, γ = 99.470(2)°, V = 1693.1(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0423, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1238, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of the co-crystal tetrakis[2-(tris(4-methoxyphenyl)stannyl)ethyl]silane – tetrahydrofuran – toluene – tetrahydrofurane (1/1/1), C103H116O13SiSn4
Authors: Aksu Yilmaz , Irran Elisabeth , Aksu Sevil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C103H116O13SiSn4, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 14.8676(4) Å, b = 17.6664(4) Å, c = 20.8357(6) Å, α = 106.430(2)°, β = 107.192(2)°, γ = 100.898(2)°, V = 4787.5(2) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0325, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0845, T = 150 K.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)acetate, C15H11NO4
Authors: Peng Wei , Yang Jicai , Yue Yu , Deng Xin , Jiang Wujiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C15H11NO4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.0909(6) Å, b = 24.4463(18) Å, c = 12.6980(10) Å, β = 96.6020(10)°, V = 2494.9(3) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0470, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1273, T = 296 (2) K.
A Pilot Study in Archaeological Metal Detector Geophysical Survey
Authors: Olson Eric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metal detection (MD) has traditionally been viewed as a limited geophysical survey method for the identification of metal objects below the surface. However, this pilot study examines techniques utilizing the “ground balance” function, common to most modern metal detectors, to identify subsurface magnetic anomalies. The results of surveys have yielded inconclusive results on the use of metal detectors for feature identification. However, the results of this study suggest a high potential for more efficient and more productive archaeological reconnaissance surveys. The ground balance function, when combined with systematic sampling and geographic information systems interpolation methods, yields low-resolution subsoil magnetic susceptibility maps. Compared to other geophysical methods, such as gradiometry or electrical resistivity, the depth range of MD is limited. However, this technique, in upland contexts with shallow subsoils or sites with high potential for recent ground disturbing activities, can reveal subtle changes in the subsurface that traditional MD techniques would miss. Further studies are recommended to explore the many situations in which a metal detector can provide an informative alternative, though not a replacement, for other geophysical survey methods. This pilot study was funded by the National Geographic Society’s Early Career Grant program.
Effect of hemoglobin, triglyceride, and urea in different concentrations on compatibility between methods used in HbA1c measurement
Authors: Muhtaroglu Sabahattin , Barlak-Keti Didem , Saracoglu Hatice 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The variability between methods is seen in the existence of hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose in the specimens, which can affect the measurement. Therefore, this study aimed to compare boronate affinity chromatography and turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay methods for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in samples containing different levels of Hb, TG, BUN and glucose.

Methods
In this study, a total of 412 consecutive samples were used for method comparison. The samples were divided into groups according to HbA1c, TG, BUN, Hb, and glucose levels. Clinically significant changes for HbA1c are defined as ≥0.5%.

Results
The mean relative difference as % was determined as 1.4% by the Bland–Altman plot of Trinity against Roche. The Passing–Bablok analysis indicated good agreement (r=0.985) between two methods. When compared the group with and without a clinically significant difference, we found differences only between glucose levels (p=0.003).

Conclusions
High glucose levels may cause a difference between the methods. Therefore, we suggest that a method’s performance and properties should be considered prior to clinical usage.
Effect of Aging on the Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of Cement/Emulsified Asphalt Composite Repair Material
Authors: Li Yunliang , Fu Yubo , Tian Chengyu , Li Xu , Tan Yiqiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cement/emulsified asphalt composite repair material (CEACRM) is a pavement crack repair material mainly formed by mixing cement and emulsified asphalt; however, ultraviolet (UV) light causes its aging and affects its repair performance. In this work, the UV aging test of CEACRM was carried out to analyze the effect of aging on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of CEACRM and determine the aging mechanism and influencing factors. The creep test and frequency scanning test of aged CEARCM samples were carried out using a dynamic shear rheometer. The microstructure of CEACRM was studied by a scanning electron microscope. The effect of aging on CEACRM properties was studied by component analysis and infrared spectrum. Results show that aging deteriorates the viscoelastic properties of CEACRM and reduces its deformation and energy dissipation abilities, thereby diminishing its service performance. With further aging, the properties of CEACRM change from viscoelastic to elastic. Cement content and the microstructure formed by the interaction of cement and asphalt affect the aging resistance of CEACRM. Properly increasing the amount of cement can slow down the aging speed of CEACRM and improve the stability of mechanical properties of CEACRM.
“Breach of Trust” and U.S. v. Haymond
Authors: Doherty Fiona 
Published: June 2022

United States v. Haymond, 139 S.Ct. 2369 (2019), exposed critical disagreements within the U.S. Supreme Court about the law and nature of federal supervised release. In competing 4-4-1 opinions, the justices clashed on whether framing a violation of supervised release as a “breach of trust” justifies the failure to extend Sixth Amendment rights to revocation proceedings. Given the changing composition of the Supreme Court, including Justice Breyer’s retirement, the Sixth Amendment debate in Haymond remains unresolved. This Article therefore examines the origins and evolution of the “breach of trust” framework, which several justices invoked to support the lack of jury trial rights at revocation. The Article shows how this framework—a product of advisory policy statements adopted more than three decades ago—has become garbled and disjointed over time.
This Article also unearths the record of Mr. Haymond’s own supervised release revocation hearing. The record reveals that the district court did not impose a five-year prison sentence on Mr. Haymond as a penalty for a breach of its trust. Instead, the district court considered the five-year sentence “repugnant” and expressed its distress over the inadequacies of the process that led to this outcome.