bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Soft Tissue Repositioning With Neuromodulators: Lessons Learned From Facial Biomechanics
Authors: Hernandez Claudia A , Davidovic Kristina , Avelar Luiz E T , Alfertshofer Michael , Freytag David L , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Bihun Rebekah , Green Jeremy B , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Neuromodulators have proven efficacy in reducing facial rhytides and have also been reported to improve jawline contour and the appearance of platysmal bands. Lifting effects of the tail of the eyebrow are expected outcomes when targeting the lateral periorbital region, underscoring the versatility of neuromodulator treatments.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical effectiveness of a novel neuromodulator-based injection algorithm with regards to its ability to reposition the middle and lower facial soft tissues.

Methods
Seventy-five study participants (8 males, 67 females) with a mean [standard deviation] age of 37.5 [8.5] years were injected with neuromodulators in the subdermal plane of the mandibular soft tissues following a standardized algorithm. Live rating of clinical appearance was performed, as well as volume change and skin vector displacement measured by 3-dimensional imaging at baseline, Day 14, and Day 30.

Results
Three-dimensional volume analysis revealed an increase in midfacial volume by 0.46 mL, and a decrease of the lower facial volume by 0.30 mL compared with baseline. Additionally, an improvement of midfacial fullness (by 0.13) and jawline contour (by 0.44) was reported on clinical rating scales at Day 30 compared with baseline.

Conclusions
Facial soft tissues can be repositioned during the 30-day follow-up period following a neuromodulator treatment; this was reflected through an increase in midfacial volume as well as through a decrease in lower facial volume. The novel injection algorithm presented can provide a safe and effective option for patients desiring improvement of midfacial fullness and jawline contour with neuromodulator treatment alone.

Level of Evidence: 4
Clonal gametogenesis is triggered by intrinsic stimuli in the hybrid’s germ cells but is dependent on sex differentiation
Authors: Tichopád Tomáš , Franěk Roman , Doležálková-Kaštánková Marie , Dedukh Dmitrij , Marta Anatolie , Halačka Karel , Steinbach Christoph , Janko Karel , Pšenička Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interspecific hybridization may trigger the transition from sexual reproduction to asexuality, but mechanistic reasons for such a change in a hybrid’s reproduction are poorly understood. Gametogenesis of many asexual hybrids involves a stage of premeiotic endoreplication (PMER), when gonial cells duplicate chromosomes and subsequent meiotic divisions involve bivalents between identical copies, leading to production of clonal gametes. Here, we investigated the triggers of PMER and whether its induction is linked to intrinsic stimuli within a hybrid’s gonial cells or whether it is regulated by the surrounding gonadal tissue. We investigated gametogenesis in the Cobitis taenia hybrid complex, which involves sexually reproducing species (Cobitis elongatoides and C. taenia) as well as their hybrids, where females reproduce clonally via PMER while males are sterile. We transplanted spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from C. elongatoides and triploid hybrid males into embryos of sexual species and of asexual hybrid females, respectively, and observed their development in an allospecific gonadal environment. Sexual SSCs underwent regular meiosis and produced normally reduced gametes when transplanted into clonal females. On the other hand, the hybrid’s SSCs lead to sterility when transplanted into sexual males but maintained their ability to undergo asexual development (PMER) and production of clonal eggs, when transplanted into sexual females. This suggests that asexual gametogenesis is under complex control when somatic gonadal tissue indirectly affects the execution of asexual development by determining the sexual differentiation of stem cells and once such cells develop to female phenotypes, hybrid germ cells trigger the PMER from their intrinsic signals.
Design, simulation of different configurations and life-cycle cost analysis of solar photovoltaic–water-pumping system for agriculture applications: use cases and implementation issues
Authors: Kumar L Ashok , Lakshmiprasad C N , Ramaraj G , Sivasurya G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Water is an essential resource for agriculture and the majority of land is irrigated through borewells or wells. The power requirement for an irrigation pump motor is fed by the on-grid power supply but the availability of electricity in rural areas is still questionable. With rising concerns about global warming and the rise in carbon footprints, it is necessary to choose clean and green energy, thereby attaining self-sustainable life. India receives yearly a mean solar irradiation of 6.5 kWh/m2day. Hence, a solar photovoltaic–water-pumping system (SPV–WPS) is a suitable alternative to grid energy; thereby, the farmers would generate electricity through the solar photovoltaic system and become self-sufficient in their energy needs. In this paper, two different agricultural fields in Tamil Nadu, India that deploy flood irrigation and drip irrigation are taken as a case study. The paper discusses the concerns on the use of grid power and their carbon footprint, design and simulation of 4- and 5.5-kW SPV–WPSs using PVsyst 7.1.1, and the advantages of using SPV–WPSs and life-cycle cost analysis on different use cases. The Government of India has introduced a special scheme to promote the installation of SPV–WPSs by offering attractive incentives through PM-Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) yojana. The results of the case study show that with the use of SPV–WPSs, either with or without subsidy, the farmer could gain a minimum of 250% on the investment with a project lifetime of 25 years.
Oxidative Stress Biomarker Levels of Simulated Artificial Body Fluids: Comparative HPLC-PDA and LC–MS/MS Approaches: Significance of Raw PDA and MS/MS Data for Chemometric Discrimination
Authors: Sengul Ayse , Yengin Cigdem , Egrilmez Sait , Kilinc Emrah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
HPLC-PDA, LC–MS/MS methods were developed for simultaneous determination of a group of oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs); 2dA, 2dC, 2dU, 3NLT, 5HMU and 8OHdG in 10 simulated artificial body fluids. O-phosphoric acid and methanol composed mobile phases A and B for gradient elution in HPLC-PDA using ODS-2 column. Linearity obtained for 1.0×10−6–1.0×10−4M range. LODs were 1.73×10−6, 1.19×10−6, 2.59×10−6, 1.40×10−6, 2.21×10−6 and 4.07×10−6M for 2dU, 8OHdG, 2dA, 2dC, 5HMU and 3NLT, respectively. LOQs were 5.29×10−6, 4.02×10−6, 6.82×10−6, 4.02×10−6, 6.82×10−6 and 9.92×10−6M. About 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate solution and methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid composed mobile phases A and B for gradient elution in LC–MS/MS. Linearity obtained for 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−6M range. LODs were 2.88×10−10, 1.01×10−8, 3.38×10−9, 1.36×10−7, 1.81×10−7 and 1.40×10−8M for 2dU, 8OHdG, 2dA, 2dC, 5HMU and 3NLT, respectively. LOQs were 9.37×10−10, 3.22×10−8, 1.91×10−8, 4.53×10−7, 5.90×10−7 and 2.18×10−8M. Both methods were validated using ICH Q2(R1) guideline. Specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, LOD, LOQ and recovery were achieved. Chemometric analysis was performed on raw PDA and MS data to check their significance for discrimination of OSBs. Sets of single and triple quadrupole fragmentations were evaluated for principle component analysis. Chosen number of PCs successfully distinguished OSBs of interest.
The Novel Polymethacrylate Based Hydrophilic Stationary Phase for Ion Chromatography
Authors: Samatya Ölmez Saba , Kökden Didem , Tuncel Ali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ion chromatography is widely used as a useful and powerful tool for the analysis of anionic and cationic components found in waters and aqueous media. The performance and selectivity of ion chromatography are based on the stationary phase column packed material. In this study, it is aimed to develop new column material with quaternary ammonium functional group based on monodisperse polymeric particles for ion chromatography and to investigate their chromatographic performance. For the analysis of inorganic anions by ion chromatography, new stationary phases macroporous monodisperse particles based on 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propylmethacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate are obtained as column packing material. 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propylmethacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate are transformed to porous monodisperse particle form by using glycidyl methacrylate as the seed latex and ethyl benzene as the porogen solvent via micro-suspension polymerization technique. Then macroporous monodisperse particles surface is functionalized by triethylamine so strong anion exchange is obtained for ion chromatography packing material. A series of stationary phases prepared from polymer particles containing different amounts of porogen solvent were tested. The results show that column packing material is successful to separate inorganic anions mixture such as F−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3− by using the carbonate and bicarbonate solutions as mobile phases.
Phylogenomic Analyses Show Repeated Evolution of Hypertrophied Lips Among Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes
Authors: Masonick Paul , Meyer Axel , Hulsey Christopher Darrin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCichlid fishes have repeatedly evolved an astounding diversity of trophic morphologies. For example, hypertrophied lips have evolved multiple times in both African and Neotropical cichlids and could have even evolved convergently within single species assemblages such as African Lake Malawi cichlids. However, the extremely high diversification rate in Lake Malawi cichlids and extensive potential for hybridization has cast doubt on whether even genome-level phylogenetic reconstructions could delineate if these types of adaptations have evolved once or multiple times. To examine the evolution of this iconic trait using protein-coding and noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we analyzed the genomes of 86 Lake Malawi cichlid species, including 33 de novo resequenced genomes. Surprisingly, genome-wide protein-coding SNPs exhibited enough phylogenetic informativeness to reconstruct interspecific and intraspecific relationships of hypertrophied lip cichlids, although noncoding SNPs provided better support. However, thinning of noncoding SNPs indicated most discrepancies come from the relatively smaller number of protein-coding sites and not from fundamental differences in their phylogenetic informativeness. Both coding and noncoding reconstructions showed that several “sand-dwelling” hypertrophied lip species, sampled intraspecifically, form a clade interspersed with a few other nonhypertrophied lip lineages. We also recovered Abactochromis labrosus within the rock-dwelling “mbuna” lineage, starkly contrasting with the affinities of other hypertrophied lip taxa found in the largely sand-dwelling “nonmbuna” component of this radiation. Comparative analyses coupled with tests for introgression indicate there is no widespread introgression between the hypertrophied lip lineages and taken together suggest this trophic phenotype has likely evolved at least twice independently within-lake Malawi.
K-Theory and Formality
Authors: Carlson Jeffrey D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We compare several notions of equivariant formality for complex K-theory with respect to a compact Lie group action, including surjectivity of the forgetful map and the weak equivariant formality of Harada–Landweber, and find all are equivalent under standard hypotheses. As a consequence, we present an expression for the equivariant K-theory of the isotropy action of $H$ on a homogeneous space $G/H$ in all the classical cases. The proofs involve mainly homological algebra and arguments with the Atiyah–Hirzebruch–Leray–Serre spectral sequence, but a more general result depends on a map of spectral sequences from Hodgkin’s Künneth spectral sequence in equivariant K-theory to that in Borel cohomology that seems not to have been otherwise defined. The hypotheses for the main structure result are analogous to a previously announced characterization of cohomological equivariant formality, first proved here, expanding on the results of Shiga and Takahashi.
Link Conditions for Cubulation
Authors: Ashcroft Calum J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We provide a condition on the links of polygonal complexes that is sufficient to ensure groups acting properly discontinuously and cocompactly on such complexes contain a virtually free codimension-$1$ subgroup. We provide stronger conditions on the links of polygonal complexes, which are sufficient to ensure groups acting properly discontinuously and cocompactly on such complexes act properly discontinuously on a $CAT(0)$ cube complex. If the group is hyperbolic, then this action is also cocompact; hence, by Agol’s Theorem the group is virtually special (in the sense of Haglund–Wise). In particular, it is linear over $\mathbb {Z}$, virtually torsion free, and has the Haagerup property. We consider some applications of this work. Firstly, we consider the groups classified by Kangaslampi–Vdovina and Carbone–Kangaslampli–Vdovina, which act simply transitively on the vertices of $CAT(0)$ triangular complexes with the generalized quadrangle of order $2$ as their links, proving that these groups are virtually special. We further apply this theorem by considering generalized triangle groups, in particular a subset of those considered by Caprace–Conder–Kaluba–Witzel.
The Poisson Saturation of Coregular Submanifolds
Authors: Geudens Stephane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to coregular submanifolds in Poisson geometry. We show that their local Poisson saturation is an embedded Poisson submanifold, and we give a normal form for this Poisson submanifold around the coregular submanifold. This result recovers the normal form around Poisson transversals, and it yields Poisson versions of some normal form/rigidity results around constant rank submanifolds in symplectic geometry. As an application, we prove a uniqueness result concerning coisotropic embeddings of Dirac manifolds in Poisson manifolds. We also show how our results generalize to the setting of coregular submanifolds in Dirac geometry.
Effect of fermented corn by-products on production performance, blood biochemistry, and egg quality indices of laying hens
Authors: Yang Ru , Khalid Anam , Khalid Fatima , Ye Miao , Li Yang , Zhan Kai , Li Yan , Liu Wei , Wang Zaigui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Residual wastes can be fermented by using probiotics to formulate a well-balanced diet for poultry. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented feed (FF) formulated by the supplementation of probiotics into corn by-products, on the production performance of laying hens. A total of 468 49-wk-old Hy-Line Brown chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments with 3 replicates, control group (basal diet), group I (4% FF, w/w), group II (8% FF, w/w), and antibiotic group (flavomycin, 50 mg/kg). Laying hens were housed in 3-tier cages (28 × 48 cm × 48 cm) and the temperature was maintained at 21 °C. The birds were fed 4.56 kg of feed to each group twice a day. Compared with the control group, the egg production and feed intake in the FF groups increased significantly. Egg weight in group I was higher than that of group II and antibiotic (P &lt; 0.01) while that in group II was lower than control (P &lt; 0.05). The feed-to-egg ratio of FF groups compared with control was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Eggshell strength and egg shape index in group II were decreased significantly when compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Yolk color, albumen height (AH), and Haugh unit (HU) in FF groups were improved compared with the control group and antibiotic group (P &lt; 0.01). Yolk triglyceride level was significantly reduced in group II, compared with group I. These results indicated that the FF has no adverse effects and has beneficial effects on production performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens.
The United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture: The Effects of Preventive Action
Authors: González Pinto Lorena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
After the adoption of the Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT) in 2002, prevention became one central part of the fight against torture. This article looks at the preventive impact of OPCAT’s tripartite system consisting of States Parties, the Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture (SPT) and National Preventive Mechanisms (NPMs). It presents the States Parties’ obligations regarding the prohibition of torture as well as the SPT’s and the NPMs’ mandate. It also discusses the challenges the SPT and the NPMs face and how through their work, torture can be prevented more effectively. Particular attention will be paid to the SPT’s options to assist both States Parties and the NPMs in further strengthening the prevention of torture. The article is written from the perspective of a former member and vice chair of the SPT and is mainly based on international regulations and jurisprudence of treaty bodies.
Spiritual Training across the Sahara: Debating the Need for the Living Sufi Master in the Tijāniyya
Authors: Wright Zachary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Tijaniyya has witnessed a lively debate concerning the classic Sufi requirement of a living guide to give spiritual training (tarbiya) to aspirants. Prominent Tijani scholars across the Sahara—modern-day Morocco, Mauritania, and Senegal—have apparently staked different positions on this issue from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. The discourse has acquired added significance since the emergence of the community of the twentieth-century Senegalese Shaykh Ibrāhīm Niasse, whose widespread teaching of gnosis (maʿrifa) reinvigorated discussions surrounding the need for a living shaykh. This article argues that some Tijānī scholars, responding to a North African public discourse that had turned against Sufism, did indeed deemphasize the need for a Sufi guide other than the enduring spiritual presence of the founder of the Tijāniyya, Shaykh Aḥmad Tijānī. But close reading of the relevant source material reveals that Niasse’s practice of tarbiya reflected the general consensus of Tijānī scholars, even if some scholars substantiated this consensus more subtly than others.
Cancer Relevance of Human Genes
Authors: Qing Tao , Mohsen Hussein , Cannataro Vincent L , Marczyk Michal , Rozenblit Mariya , Foldi Julia , Murray Michael , Townsend Jeffrey P , Kluger Yuval , Gerstein Mark , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesize that genes that directly or indirectly interact with core cancer genes (CCGs) in a comprehensive gene-gene interaction network may have functional importance in cancer.MethodsWe categorized 12 767 human genes into CCGs (n = 468), 1 (n = 5467), 2 (n = 5573), 3 (n = 915), and more than 3 steps (n = 416) removed from the nearest CCG in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins network. We estimated cancer-relevant functional importance in these neighborhood categories using 1) gene dependency score, which reflects the effect of a gene on cell viability after knockdown; 2) somatic mutation frequency in The Cancer Genome Atlas; 3) effect size that estimates to what extent a mutation in a gene enhances cell survival; and 4) negative selection pressure of germline protein-truncating variants in healthy populations.ResultsCancer biology–related functional importance of genes decreases as their distance from the CCGs increases. Genes closer to cancer genes show greater connectedness in the network, have greater importance in maintaining cancer cell viability, are under greater negative germline selection pressure, and have higher somatic mutation frequency in cancer. Based on these 4 metrics, we provide cancer relevance annotation to known human genes.ConclusionsA large number of human genes are connected to CCGs and could influence cancer biology to various extent when dysregulated; any given mutation may be functionally important in one but not in another individual depending on genomic context.
Testicular ischemia as a result of an incarcerated inguinal hernia containing omentum: a two-case series
Authors: Chang Wendy , Schulze Bettina , Stephens Daryl 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acute scrotal pain is a very common presentation to the emergency room. The most important pathology we must exclude is testicular infarction or testicular ischemia. Here we describe two rare cases of acute scrotum where incarcerated inguinal hernias containing omentum resulted in testicular ischemia/infarction. In Case 1, we describe a rare case in an adult where a large, incarcerated hernia containing omentum along with direct trauma to the testicle resulted in testicular infarction. In Case 2, we describe a 2-year-old boy who presented with left scrotal tenderness due to a left inguinal hernia containing omentum resulting in compromised testicular blood flow. Both patients underwent scrotal exploration. This article also explores the possible pathophysiology of how omentum containing hernias may result in an increased risk of testicular ischemia.
Outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Canada: impact of ethnicity, migration status and country of birth
Authors: Passos-Castilho Ana Maria , Labbé Annie-Claude , Barkati Sapha , Luong Me-Linh , Dagher Olina , Maynard Noémie , Tutt-Guérette Marc-Antoine , Kierans James , Rousseau Cecile , Benedetti Andrea , Azoulay Laurent , Greenaway Christina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Ethnoracial groups in high-income countries have a 2-fold higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated hospitalizations, and mortality than Whites. Migrants are an ethnoracial subset that may have worse COVID-19 outcomes due to additional barriers accessing care, but there are limited data on in-hospital outcomes. We aimed to disaggregate and compare COVID-19 associated hospital outcomes by ethnicity, immigrant status and region of birth.

Methods
Adults with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized March 1–June 30, 2020, at four hospitals in Montréal, Quebec, Canada, were included. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, migration status, region of birth, self-identified ethnicity [White, Black, Asian, Latino, Middle East/North African], intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality were collected. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for ICU admission and mortality by immigrant status, ethnicity and region of birth adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and comorbidities were estimated using Fine and Gray competing risk models.

Results
Of 1104 patients (median [IQR] age, 63.0 [51.0–76.0] years; 56% males), 57% were immigrants and 54% were White. Immigrants were slightly younger (62 vs 65 years; p = 0.050), had fewer comorbidities (1.0 vs 1.2; p &lt; 0.001), similar crude ICU admissions rates (33.0% vs 28.2%) and lower mortality (13.3% vs 17.6%; p &lt; 0.001) than Canadian-born. In adjusted models, Blacks (aHR 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.83) and Asians (1.64, 1.15–2.34) were at higher risk of ICU admission than Whites, but there was significant heterogeneity within ethnic groups. Asians from Eastern Asia/Pacific (2.15, 1.42–3.24) but not Southern Asia (0.97, 0.49–1.93) and Caribbean Blacks (1.39, 1.02–1.89) but not SSA Blacks (1.37, 0.86–2.18) had a higher risk of ICU admission. Blacks had a higher risk of mortality (aHR 1.56, p = 0.049).

Conclusions
Data disaggregated by region of birth identified subgroups of immigrants at increased risk of COVID-19 ICU admission, providing more actionable data for health policymakers to address health inequities.