bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of light-driven band structure via multiband high-harmonic spectroscopy
Authors: Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Jiménez-Galán Álvaro , Orenstein Gal , Silva Rui E. F. , Arusi-Parpar Talya , Shames Sergei , Bruner Barry D. , Yan Binghai , Smirnova Olga , Ivanov Misha , Dudovich Nirit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntense light–matter interactions have revolutionized our ability to probe and manipulate quantum systems at sub-femtosecond timescales1, opening routes to the all-optical control of electronic currents in solids at petahertz rates2–7. Such control typically requires electric-field amplitudes in the range of almost volts per angstrom, when the voltage drop across a lattice site becomes comparable to the characteristic bandgap energies. In this regime, intense light–matter interaction induces notable modifications to the electronic and optical properties8–10, dramatically modifying the crystal band structure. Yet, identifying and characterizing such modifications remain an outstanding problem. As the oscillating electric field changes within the driving field’s cycle, does the band structure follow and how can it be defined? Here we address this fundamental question, proposing all-optical spectroscopy to probe the laser-induced closing of the bandgap between adjacent conduction bands. Our work reveals the link between nonlinear light–matter interactions in strongly driven crystals and the sub-cycle modifications in their effective band structure.
Sirt6-mediated epigenetic modification of DNA accessibility is essential for Pou2f3-induced thymic tuft cell development
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Jiayu , Lei Tong , Liang Zhanfeng , Dong Xue , Sun Liguang , Zhao Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential for the production of self-tolerant T cells. The newly identified thymic tuft cells are regulated by Pou2f3 and represent important elements for host type 2 immunity. However, epigenetic involvement in thymic tuft cell development remains unclear. We performed single-cell ATAC-seq of medullary TEC (mTEC) and established single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of mTECs. The results showed that mTEC III cells can be further divided into three groups (Late Aire 1, 2, and 3) and that thymic tuft cells may be derived from Late Aire 2 cells. Pou2f3 is expressed in both Late Aire 2 cells and thymic tuft cells, while Pou2f3-regulated genes are specifically expressed in thymic tuft cells with simultaneous opening of chromatin accessibility, indicating the involvement of epigenetic modification in this process. Using the epigenetic regulator Sirt6-defect mouse model, we found that Sirt6 deletion increased Late Aire 2 cells and decreased thymic tuft cells and Late Aire 3 cells without affecting Pou2f3 expression. However, Sirt6 deletion reduced the chromatin accessibility of Pou2f3-regulated genes in thymic tuft cells, which may be caused by Sirt6–mediated regulation of Hdac9 expression. These data indicate that epigenetic regulation is indispensable for Pou2f3-mediated thymic tuft cell development.
Coordination of siderophore gene expression among clonal cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mridha Subham , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere has been great progress in understanding how bacterial groups coordinate social actions, such as biofilm formation and public-goods secretion. Less clear is whether the seemingly coordinated group-level responses actually mirror what individual cells do. Here, we use a microscopy approach to simultaneously quantify the investment of individual cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa into two public goods, the siderophores pyochelin and pyoverdine. Using gene expression as a proxy for investment, we initially observe no coordination but high heterogeneity and bimodality in siderophore investment across cells. With increasing cell density, gene expression becomes more homogenized across cells, accompanied by a moderate shift from pyochelin to pyoverdine expression. We find positive associations in the expression of pyochelin and pyoverdine genes across cells, with cell-to-cell variation correlating with cellular metabolic states. Our work suggests that siderophore-mediated signalling aligns behaviour of individuals over time and spurs a coordinated three-phase siderophore investment cycle.
Gametocyte-specific and all-blood-stage transmission-blocking chemotypes discovered from high throughput screening on Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes
Authors: Paonessa Giacomo , Siciliano Giulia , Graziani Rita , Lalli Cristiana , Cecchetti Ottavia , Alli Cristina , La Valle Roberto , Petrocchi Alessia , Sferrazza Alessio , Bisbocci Monica , Falchi Mario , Toniatti Carlo , Bresciani Alberto , Alano Pietro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlocking Plasmodium falciparum human-to-mosquito transmission is essential for malaria elimination, nonetheless drugs killing the pathogenic asexual stages are generally inactive on the parasite transmissible stages, the gametocytes. Due to technical and biological limitations in high throughput screening of non-proliferative stages, the search for gametocyte-killing molecules so far tested one tenth the number of compounds screened on asexual stages. Here we overcome these limitations and rapidly screened around 120,000 compounds, using not purified, bioluminescent mature gametocytes. Orthogonal gametocyte assays, selectivity assays on human cells and asexual parasites, followed by compound clustering, brought to the identification of 84 hits, half of which are gametocyte selective and half with comparable activity against sexual and asexual parasites. We validated seven chemotypes, three of which are, to the best of our knowledge, novel. These molecules are able to inhibit male gametocyte exflagellation and block parasite transmission through the Anopheles mosquito vector in a standard membrane feeding assay. This work shows that interrogating a wide and diverse chemical space, with a streamlined gametocyte HTS and hit validation funnel, holds promise for the identification of dual stage and gametocyte-selective compounds to be developed into new generation of transmission blocking drugs for malaria elimination.
Engineering gold-platinum core-shell nanoparticles by self-limitation in solution
Authors: Ledendecker Marc , Paciok Paul , Osowiecki Wojciech T. , Pander Marc , Heggen Marc , Göhl Daniel , Kamat Gaurav A. , Erbe Andreas , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Alivisatos A. Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCore-shell particles with thin noble metal shells represent an attractive material class with potential for various applications ranging from catalysis to biomedical and pharmaceutical applications to optical crystals. The synthesis of well-defined core-shell architectures remains, however, highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate that atomically-thin and homogeneous platinum shells can be grown via a colloidal synthesis method on a variety of gold nanostructures ranging from spherical nanoparticles to nanorods and nanocubes. The synthesis is based on the exchange of low binding citrate ligands on gold, the reduction of platinum and the subsequent kinetically hindered growth by carbon monoxide as strong binding ligand. The prerequisites for homogeneous growth are low core-binding ligands with moderate fast ligand exchange in solution, a mild reducing agent to mitigate homonucleation and a strong affinity of a second ligand system that can bind to the shell’s surface. The simplicity of the described synthetic route can potentially be adapted to various other material libraries to obtain atomically smooth core-shell systems.
The structure–function relationships and physiological roles of MnSOD mutants
Authors: Bonetta Valentino Rosalin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this review, we focus on understanding the structure–function relationships of numerous manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mutants to investigate the role that various amino acids play to maintain enzyme quaternary structure or the active site structure, catalytic potential and metal homeostasis in MnSOD, which is essential to maintain enzyme activity. We also observe how polymorphisms of MnSOD are linked to pathologies and how post-translational modifications affect the antioxidant properties of MnSOD. Understanding how modified forms of MnSOD may act as tumor promoters or suppressors by altering the redox status in the body, ultimately aid in generating novel therapies that exploit the therapeutic potential of mutant MnSODs or pave the way for the development of synthetic SOD mimics.
HECT ubiquitin ligases as accessory proteins of the plant proteasome
Authors: Wang Zhishuo , Spoel Steven H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The proteasome plays vital roles in eukaryotic cells by orchestrating the regulated degradation of large repertoires of substrates involved in numerous biological processes. Proteasome dysfunction is associated with a wide variety of human pathologies and in plants severely affects growth, development and responses to stress. The activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases marks proteins fated for degradation with chains of the post-translational modifier, ubiquitin. Proteasomal processing of ubiquitinated substrates involves ubiquitin chain recognition, deubiquitination, ATP-mediated unfolding and translocation, and proteolytic digestion. This complex series of steps is made possible not only by the many specialised subunits of the 1.5 MDa proteasome complex but also by a range of accessory proteins that are recruited to the proteasome. A surprising class of accessory proteins are members of the HECT-type family of ubiquitin ligases that utilise a unique mechanism for post-translational attachment of ubiquitin to their substrates. So why do proteasomes that already contain all the necessary machinery to recognise ubiquitinated substrates, harbour HECT ligase activity? It is now clear that some ubiquitin ligases physically relay their substrates to proteasome-associated HECT ligases, which prevent substrate stalling at the proteasome. Moreover, HECT ligases ubiquitinate proteasome subunits, thereby modifying the proteasome’s ability to recognise substrates. They may therefore enable proteasomes to be both non-specific and extraordinarily selective in a complex substrate environment. Understanding the relationship between the proteasome and accessory HECT ligases will reveal how the proteasome controls so many diverse plant developmental and stress responses.
Engineering design optimisation using reinforcement learning with episodic controllers
Authors: Yang Jun , Cheng Zhenbo , Xiao Gang , Xu Xuesong , Wang Yaming , Ding Haonan , Zhou Diting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEngineers solving engineering design problems can be regarded as a gradual optimisation process that involves strategising. The process can be modelled as a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. This article presents an RL model with episodic controllers to solve engineering problems. Episodic controllers provide a mechanism for using the short‐term and long‐term memories to improve the efficiency of searching for engineering problem solutions. This work demonstrates that the two kinds of models of memories can be incorporated into the existing RL framework. Finally, an optimised design problem of a crane girder is illustrated by RL with episodic controllers. The work presented in this study leverages the RL model that has been shown to mimic human problem solving in engineering optimised design problems.
Scene images and text information‐based object location of robot grasping
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Ding Kaixuan , Xu Qingyang , Song Yong , Yuan Xianfeng , Li Yibin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), the application of this technology in the medical field is becoming increasingly extensive, along with a gradual increase in the amount of intelligent equipment in hospitals. Service robots can save human resources and replace nursing staff to achieve some work. In view of the phenomenon of mobile service robots' grabbing and distribution of patients' drugs in hospitals, a real‐time object detection and positioning system based on image and text information is proposed, which realizes the precise positioning and tracking of the grabbing objects and completes the grasping of a specific object (medicine bottle). The lightweight object detection model NanoDet is used to learn the features of the grasping objects and the object category, and bounding boxes are regressed. Then, the images in the bounding boxes are enhanced to overcome unfavourable factors, such as a small object region. The text detection and recognition model PP‐OCR is used to detect and recognise the enhanced images and extract the text information. The object information provided by the two models is fused, and the text recognition result is matched with the object detection box to achieve the precise positioning of the grasping object. The kernel correlation filter (KCF) tracking algorithm is introduced to achieve real‐time tracking of specific objects to precisely control the robot's grasping. Both deep learning models adopt lightweight networks to facilitate direct deployment. The experiments show that the proposed robot grasping detection system has high reliability, accuracy and real‐time performance.
Contour loss for instance segmentation via k‐step distance transformation image
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Lan Xiaosong , Wang Kunfeng , Li Shuxiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInstance segmentation aims to locate targets in the image and segment each target at the pixel level, which is one of the most important tasks in computer vision. Mask R‐CNN is a classic method of instance segmentation, but we find that its predicted masks are unclear and inaccurate near contours. To cope with this problem, we draw on the idea of contour matching based on distance transformation image and propose a novel loss function called contour loss. Contour loss is designed to specifically optimise the contour parts of the predicted masks, thus can assure more accurate instance segmentation. To make the proposed contour loss be jointly trained under modern neural network frameworks, we design a differentiable k‐step distance transformation image calculation module, which can approximately compute truncated distance transformation images of the predicted mask and the corresponding ground‐truth mask online. The proposed contour loss can be integrated into existing instance segmentation methods such as Mask R‐CNN, and combined with their original loss functions without modification of the structures of inference network, thus has strong versatility. Experimental results on COCO show that contour loss is effective, which can further improve instance segmentation performances.
Thermal image processing for defect analysis and detection
Authors: Ereddoudi Youssef , Bouganssa Issam , Salbi Adil , Sbihi Mohammed , Zaim Mounia 
Published: June 2022

Infrared thermography is a thermal measurement process that produces images in which each pixel contains a temperature measurement. This technique is very popular in many industries and fields such as preventive and/or predictive maintenance and non-destructive testing, to detect problems more efficiently and safely, but is not currently used effectively. [1]
Techniques and technical applications are developed, for the detection and analysis of a certain defect on electronic circuits and electrical equipment. Current thermographic processing software has some limitations, mainly because it is developed for general applications and does not identify a region of interest. The identification of a region of interest with a particular anatomical shape. These shapes are limited when they do not correspond to the complex geometric shape of the area to be characterized, either by exclusion or inclusion of irrelevant data in the evaluation of thermal images. This restriction is observed regardless of the accuracy of the region of interest. This paper presents an image processing technic for localization of MOSFET faults based on thermal, hence the use of segmentation algorithms increases the accuracy of the thermal image analysis.
Conceptos actuales: Ventajas del clavo endomedular para fracturas del húmero proximal
Authors: Marsalli Michael 
Published: June 2022

ResumenLas fracturas de húmero proximal (FHP) son una de las fracturas más frecuentes en la población anciana. La reducción abierta y fijación interna (RAFI) generalmente está indicada para pacientes con una FHP desplazada en jóvenes o pacientes mayores con alta demanda funcional y buena calidad ósea. No se ha llegado a un consenso sobre la técnica de fijación ideal. La RAFI con placas ha sido la más utilizada, pero se han reportado altas tasas de reintervenciones y complicaciones globales en la literatura. La necesidad de agregar técnicas de aumentación a la RAFI con placas bloqueadas en fracturas complejas puede resultar en un tiempo quirúrgico más largo, abordajes extensos y mayores costos. Debido a esto, se hace necesario considerar otras opciones para la osteosíntesis de FHP. Con una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos de falla de la osteosíntesis, la fijación intramedular se ha convertido en una opción de tratamiento aceptada para las FHP con ventajas biomecánicas y biológicas. La fijación intramedular para las FHP ha demostrado menor tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado intraoperatorio, tiempo hasta la unión ósea y menores tasas de infecciones, que las placas bloqueadas. La fijación intramedular es una opción válida para que las fracturas complejas se resuelvan con un implante que por sí solo puede satisfacer en gran medida todas las necesidades de aumento requeridas por una placa bloqueada.
Ten-Year Long-Term Analysis of Mechanical and Biological Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Kuhn Elmar W. , Gerfer Stephen , Djordjevic Ilija , Rahmanian Parwis , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten C. W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background For patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR), structural valve deterioration (SVD) of a bioprosthesis (BP) is substantially accelerated in younger patients and valve-in-valve implantation is not always a considerable option. The risk–benefit assessment between SVD versus the risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients with a mechanical prosthesis (MP) resulted in an age limit shift irrespective of inconsistent results reported in literature.
Method This retrospective single-center study compared 10-year long-term outcomes in patients undergoing isolated AVR with MP or BP. The risk-adjusted comparison of patients undergoing isolated AVR (n = 121) was performed after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, endocarditis, and chronic renal impairment (caliper of 0.2) leading to 29 pairs. Short- and long-term outcomes with respect to reoperation, major bleeding, stroke, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and overall survival at 10 years were analyzed.
Results After PSM, groups were comparable with respect to preoperative characteristics, including patients with a mean age of 65 ± 3 years (MP) and 66 ± 4 years (BP) and an incidence rate of 6.9% for infective endocarditis in both cohorts. Short-term outcomes (transient neurologic disorder = 0.0 vs. 6.9%; stroke = 0.0%; in-hospital mortality = 3.4%) and in-hospital stays were comparable between MP and BP.
Conclusion After isolated AVR with MP and BP, 10-year long-term outcomes were comparable in the reported single-center cohort. MP can still be implanted safely without a disadvantage as regards long-term survival.
Tranexamic Acid and the Risk of Delirium after Off-Pump Surgery
Authors: Hulde Nikolai , Zittermann Armin , Deutsch Marcus-Andre , Gummert Jan F. , von Dossow Vera , Koster Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery a single bolus of 1 g tranexamic acid (TXA) impacts the risk of postoperative delirium using the propensity score matching approach. In 2,757 pairs, the risk of delirium was 4.2% (TXA group) and 5.0% (non-TXA group), with a relative risk in the TXA versus the non-TXA group of 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–1.07; p = 0.16). There was no significant interaction between TXA administration and renal function on the risk of delirium (p = 0.12). Data indicate that a single bolus of 1 g TXA does not increase the risk of delirium in patients undergoing off-pump surgery.
Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Lens Thickness in Normal Libyan Eyes; Measured by the Aladdin Ocular Biometer
Authors: Bukhatwa Samar A. , Suliman Masuod 
Published: June 2022

Background Ocular parameters as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) are important for refractive and cataract surgeries, and its normal data are important to be identified.
Aim This study was carried out to obtain data about AL, ACD, and LT parameters in normal Libyans.
Methods A cross-sectional study (first of July to end of August, 2021) was done in Benghazi teaching eye hospital on 106 nondiabetic volunteers aged between 17 and 75 years with no ophthalmic disease. Ocular parameters were measured using the Aladdin optical biometer that is a noninvasive machine and without the use of drugs. Descriptive statistics and data analysis were done by using SPSS version 23.0, IBM Corporation.
Results The mean age was 35.36 ±  13.35 years, the mean AL was 23.79 ± 0.91 mm, the mean ACD was 2.96 ± 0.62 mm, and the mean LT was 3.67 ± 0.62 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between these parameters regarding gender or age.
Conclusion This is the first study done on Libyan population to report the AL, ACD, and LT. It showed a comparable result with studies from other populations and that age and gender have no effect on these ocular parameters.
Metastatic Brain Tumor in the Cerebellopontine Angle from Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Uchimura Masahiro , Kambara Mizuki , Hayashi Kentaro , Takigawa Haruo , Anno Yuichi , Akiyama Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors are a common type of benign tumors, which are similar to vestibular schwannomas; however, the incidence of CPA metastasis is rare. Moreover, brain metastasis from gastric tumors is a rare occurrence, with an incidence of less than 1% in clinical cases. In this study, we report the case of a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of nausea and gait instability for the past 1 week. He had no remarkable medical history. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the left CPA. Intraoperative diagnosis indicated the presence of metastatic papillary carcinoma. Postoperatively, gastric endoscopy revealed a protruding mass on the cardia of the stomach, which was histopathologically similar to that of the resected brain tumor. The patient underwent adjuvant cyberknife radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A prompt biopsy of the brain tumor is essential if any findings suggest malignancy.