bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Économies du Sud : toujours sous conditions néolibérales ?
Authors: Ortiz Isabel , Cummins Matthew , Dalbin Camille 
Published: November 2022

L’histoire est en train de se répéter. Comme lors de la crise de 2008, les hausses de dépenses publiques en réponse à la pandémie ont été rapidement suivies par des politiques d’austérité, notamment chez les États ayant eu recours aux aides du FMI. Or des pistes de recettes fiscales sont insuffisamment exploitées. Elles permettraient de financer des politiques assurant le respect des droits sociaux à l’intérieur des limites planétaires.
Économies du Sud : toujours sous conditions néolibérales ?
Authors: Bond Patrick , Bauvir Anne-Sophie , Polet François 
Published: November 2022

Les BRICS (Brésil, Russie, Inde, Chine, Afrique du Sud) prétendaient renforcer les solidarités Sud-Sud face aux injustices de l’économie mondiale. Pour autant, les deux institutions financières mises en place en 2014, loin d’offrir une alternative à la Banque mondiale et au FMI, reproduisent les conditionnalités néolibérales. Leur (dys-) fonctionnement trahit la volonté de construire des hégémonies régionales respectueuses du capitalisme global.
Evaluation of demarcation line in collagen cross linking and it’s effect on K value stability in keratoconus
Authors: Wijesundere D.S. , Nadeeshani W.V.N. , Hettige L.P. , Wariyapola D.H.H. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectatic disorder where collagen cross linking is used to prevent disease progression. The demarcation line is the transition zone between cross linked and untreated portions of the cornea. Objective: To assess the relationship between the presence of a demarcation line and the stability of K values in patients who have undergone collagen cross-linking (CXL). Method: A cohort study was conducted on 30 patients undergoing CXL for keratoconus between the period 2017 June to 2018 June. The patients were reviewed at one month, 6 months, and 1 year post operatively and the nature and depth of the demarcation line were assessed. Pre procedure Kmax and post procedure Kmax values were calculated. Results: There was no statistically significant change in Kmax at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after cross linking compared to pre op value. Therefore, a stable Kmax value was achieved after CXL. Discussion & Conclusion: The presence and depth of the demarcation line which is a transition zone between the cross linked and untreated portions of the cornea is believed to indicate the effectiveness of the CXL procedure. Corneal collagen crosslinking stabilizes K values in patients with keratoconus. The depth and visibility of the demarcation line seen after cross linking does not have a significant effect on the K value stability.
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) – A single group experience in an evolving technique and a review of literature
Authors: Lakshan M.T.D. , Drahaman A.M.P. , Perera M.B. , Makuloluwa C.A.B. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy (EDCR) is increasingly becoming a popular method of treating distal nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in the modern era. In this article, through literature review and personal experience, we plan to recommend a management protocol mainly concentrating on surgical technique. Secondarily, we would also like to make the case for EDCR over traditional DCR as both techniques have comparable success rates. Objective: To detail surgical technique with emphasis on evolution of surgical steps citing the literature pertaining to various methods. Methods: A literature review was carried out using keywords endoscopic DCR and dacryocystorhinostomy techniques. In a retrospective study, EDCR case data was collected concentrating on surgical methods used. The data was then analysed using the Microsoft excel statistical analysis package. Results: Details of 136 cases were assessed from the period between 2008 to 2021. 9 key surgical steps of the procedure were identified. Discussion: Highlights of recommendations include performing a ‘first look’ endoscopy before starting the surgical procedure, optional usage of the ‘light pipe’ during sac exposure, complete removal of the sac and sending it for histology, duct stenting is useful particularly in younger patients and post-operative local application of triamcinolone in prevention of granulations at the surgical site.
Screening and management of retinopathy of prematurity in Colombo during the pandemic
Authors: Abeysekera Hiranya 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 related travel restrictions and lockdown status of the country has affected the routine work of most of the health sector. Screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity is considered as a procedure which must be continued despite the adverse situation. Methods: ROP register of the Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology was analyzed to see how the pandemic situation affected the ROP screening and treatment. Results: Out of the total number of 363 babies who were screened for ROP 48 developed severe forms of ROP needing treatment. 45 babies could not attend the clinic visits on the given date. Discussion and conclusion: Severe forms of ROP can be treated with one dose of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. 532nm Green Laser is reserved for zone 3 stage 3 ROP and for babies who develop tractional elements. Robust and prolonged follow up mechanism is necessary to maintain the integrity of the ROP management.
Antibiotic consumption by Access, Watch and Reserve index in public sector of Limpopo province, South Africa: 2014–2018
Authors: Mthombeni Tiyani C. , Burger Johanita R. , Lubbe Martha S. , Julyan Marlene 
Published: November 2022

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) classified antibiotics into three categories in 2017 – Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) – intending to reduce the consumption of Watch and Reserve antibiotics while increasing the use of Access antibiotics. Antibiotic consumption by AWaRe in South Africa is undetermined because of data and research scarcity.Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify, describe and track antibiotic consumption between 2014 and 2018 in the public sector of the Limpopo province, South Africa, using the WHO’s AWaRe classification for 2021.Method: Antibiotic consumption was quantified from pharmaceutical sales data for 2014–2018 by defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and described according to the AWaRe classification. The change in antibiotic consumption was measured by compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Access-to-Watch index (AW-I), 75% drug utilisation index (DU75%) and amoxicillin index (AI).Results: The absolute consumption of Access antibiotics decreased by a 4.0% CAGR from 3.7 DID in 2014 to 3.0 DID in 2018, with relative consumption remaining above 80.0%. Relative consumption of Watch antibiotics increased by 15.8% CAGR from 7.8% in 2014 to 19.7% by 2018. The AW-I decreased from 10.4 in 2015 to 4.1 in 2018. The AI increased from 17.8% in 2015 to 42.0% in 2018. Parenteral formulations’ DU75% comprised one Watch (ceftriaxone) and two Access (metronidazole and benzylpenicillin) antibiotics.Conclusion: In Limpopo province’s public sector, the consumption of Watch antibiotics increased, while Access antibiotics consumption decreased, as reflected by both relative consumption and the decrease in the AW-I. The determinants of the Watch antibiotics increase require research attention.Contribution: Our study addressed the paucity of surveillance and research data on antibiotic consumption in the Limpopo province, South Africa, according to the WHO AWaRe classification.
Soft employability skills obtained from a nongovernmental organisation’s labour market intervention
Authors: Schultz Cecile M. 
Published: November 2022

Orientation: Employability development is needed to alleviate poverty in South Africa. This study sought to examine employability development, with specific reference to soft employability skills within a low-income community in Gauteng province of South Africa.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the labour market intervention offered by a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Gauteng added value to learners with specific reference to soft skills (behavioural and psychosocial) needed to become employable.Motivation for the study: Soft employability skills are essential because they are highly demanded by employers today. It is not clear whether the learners from an NGO have obtained soft employability skills (behavioural and psychosocial) during the skills training intervention.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative constructivist approach was utilised. Using purposive sampling, 33 learners from an NGO participated in email interviews. The email interviews were analysed by using four steps prescribed by grounded theory researchers.Main findings: The study results highlight two themes that represent soft employability skills, namely, soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills.Practical/managerial implications: The study provides government and NGOs with an understanding of soft employability skills valued by unemployed low-income workers.Contribution/value-add: This research contributes to literature by expanding the knowledge of soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills. Forgiveness seems to be a new soft employability psychosocial skill, as it was not found in the theories and frameworks used in this article.
Differentiation between various types and subtypes of intracranial meningiomas with advanced MRI
Authors: Panigrahi Mousam , Bodhey Narendra K. , Pati Saroj K. , Hussain Nighat , Sharma Anil K. , Shukla Arvind K. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Meningiomas are the most prevalent of all intracranial tumours. Although they are mostly benign, about 20% of meningiomas are atypical or malignant. Knowledge of their histologic grade can be clinically useful while planning surgery.Objectives: To differentiate between various grades and subtypes of meningiomas with advanced MR parameters.Method: We assessed the advanced MR imaging characteristics of 27 histopathologically confirmed meningiomas on a 3T MRI, of which 23 were grade I meningiomas (2 fibroblastic, 9 meningothelial, 9 transitional, 3 unspecified) and 4 were grade II/III meningiomas (2 atypical, 1 papillary, 1 anaplastic). Analysis of the ADC, FA, λ1, λ2, λ3 and mean diffusivity was performed using standard post-processing software.Results: The mean size of atypical meningiomas (5.9 cm ± 0.7 cm) was significantly higher (p = 0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI]) than that of typical meningiomas (4.6 cm ± 1.6 cm) with a cut-off value of 6.05 cm (75% sensitivity and 87% specificity). The mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) (ASL) of atypical meningiomas (286.70 ± 8.06) was significantly higher (p = 0.0000141, 95% CI) than that of typical meningiomas (161.09 ± 87.04) with a cut-off value of 276.75 (66.7% sensitivity and 75% specificity). Among the typical meningiomas, transitional subtypes had the lowest ADC. High FA and planar coefficient (CP) values and low λ3 and spherical coefficient (CS) values were seen in fibroblastic meningiomas. Fibroblastic meningiomas also showed the lowest vascularity among typical meningiomas.Conclusion: Tumour size and ASL perfusion are two parameters that could differentiate between typical and atypical meningiomas while ADC, FA, λ3, CP, CS, rCBF and rCBV may be helpful in distinguishing different subtypes of typical meningiomas.
Spontaneous bleeding in COVID-19: A retrospective experience of an Italian COVID-19 hospital
Authors: Trentadue Mirko , Calligaro Plinio , Lazzarini Gianluigi , Bonomi Boseggia Fabio , Residori Elena , Hu Jennifer , Vanti Silvana , Lillo Linda , Varischi Giovanna , Cerini Roberto 
Published: November 2022

Background: Haemorrhages in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients require proper knowledge and management.Objectives: To highlight the characteristics of haemorrhages in patients with COVID-19 infection.Method: A retrospective study examined CT scans performed over a 13-month period in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 infection to determine those who developed spontaneous bleeding. The authors also investigated correlations between the bleeding events and the patients’ characteristics.Results: Haemorrhages occurred in 2.22% (31/1396) of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 infection (7.88%, 19/241 in the intensive care unit). Bleeding, major in most cases, occurred in anticoagulated patients, especially males with multiple comorbidities, aged between 60 and 79 years and mainly appeared in a single anatomical region (especially retroperitoneal), with the most voluminous in the chest wall. The complication was diagnosed on average 16.7 days after admission and occurred predominantly in critically ill patients undergoing invasive ventilation and pronation-supination cycles. In just under half of the cases, the haematomas were active, and in these cases, mainly with a single contrast blush and with earlier onset after the start of anticoagulation than in non-active bleeding. Major bleeding was also earlier in the presence of multiple morbidity. The vast majority of patients were treated conservatively and survived.Conclusion: At COVID-19 hospital centres, it is advisable that there is knowledge of such a complication for which CT imaging is essential for diagnosis and proper management. Although some authors have expressed doubts about anticoagulant treatment in patients with COVID-19, the bleeding complication in this study did not significantly affect the outcome.Contribution: Spontaneous haemorrhage did not significantly affect the outcome in this series.
Assessment of Self-Esteem and Quality of Life in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Mohaideen A. Kaja , Singh Satinder Pal , Kohli Adarsh , Verma Sanjeev , Kumar Vinay , Verma Raj Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To assess the self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 300 individuals consisted of 150 patients with UCLP (Group I) and 150 normal controls (Group II) with an age range of 10–25 years, who were undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment from December 2016 to December 2018. The Self Esteem and QOL were assessed using the Rosenberg Self Esteem scale (RSE) and Modified Paediatric QOL Inventory Scale (M-PQOL), respectively, in Group I and II.

Results:
The comparison of overall mean scores of responses to RSE questionnaires showed nonsignificant differences for all the responses and was significant only for RSE 6 and RSE 8 in the age group of 10–15 years and 21–25 years, respectively, and nonsignificant for all other questions in all the age groups. The comparison of overall mean scores of M-PQOL for the total sample showed nonsignificant differences in Group I and II for physical functioning, emotional functioning, and school functioning domain, and were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) in the social functioning domain and M-PQOL 12 and M-PQOL 21.

Conclusions:
This study demands a definite need of a psychologist/psychiatrist among the cleft care team to counsel the patients with cleft during orthodontic treatment for motivating them to gain self-respect and acceptance in the society as certain aspects, particularly social functioning domain made them feel different from normal children because of the functional and aesthetic problems.
Clinical Performance of Newly Developed Android Mobile Digital Application on Tooth Shade Reproduction: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chaware Sachin Haribhau , Borse Siddhesh Vasant , Kakatkar Vinay , Darekar Abhishek 
Published: November 2022

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of android mobile digital application shade matching on tooth shade reproduction.

Setting and Design:
This was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial (REF/2021/03/042258).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty participants were selected from the two dental centers. The participant who required full-coverage restorations in one of the central incisors with adjacent central incisor untouched was the main inclusion criteria. Three metal–ceramic or all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with reference shades from Vita Three-Dimensional (3D) Master shade guide, Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, and mobile application for each participant. ΔE values between reference maxillary central incisor and metal–ceramic and all-ceramic crowns were measured for each participant. In addition, two operators and participants observed the clinical agreement between for each crown on a visual analog scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:
ANOVA statistics and Turkey’s post hoc test were used for ΔE value. Kappa statistics was used for clinical agreement.

Results:
Mean ΔE value of fabricated metal–ceramic and all-ceramic crowns and reference maxillary central incisor of Vita 3D Master shade guide was significantly higher than Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer and mobile digital application (P = 0.004). However, ΔE values of Vita Easyshade and mobile digital application were contiguous. However, ΔE value of Vita 3D Master was lower than clinically acceptable value of intraoral color difference. Kappa value figured moderate agreement for Vita Easyshade and mobile digital application and slight to no agreement for Vita 3D Master.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of the study, the Android mobile digital application can turn up as a reliable method for shade selection.
Integration of Digital and Analog Workflow to Achieve Predictable Esthetics: A Novel Approach
Authors: Awchat Kiran Laxmikant , Dua Parag , Kumar R. Vijaya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of digital smile designing simplifies the restoration of esthetics. In this article, a case of diastema and incisal notching in anterior teeth was rehabilitated with porcelain laminate veneers using combination of digital and analog workflow.
Effect of Eggshell Powder and Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Bleached Enamel
Authors: Hassan Shahinaz Nabil , Moharam Lamiaa Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralizing potential of prepared solutions of eggshell powder (ESP) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) on the surface roughness and microhardness of bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty bovine anterior teeth were selected and cleaned then bleached using a chemically activated in-office bleaching agent then the teeth were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10) according to the tested remineralizing agents (10% ESP solution, 10% nHA solution, and MI Paste Plus) into; control, bleached, bleached + ESP solution, bleached + nHA solution, and bleached + MI Paste Plus groups. Then, the teeth were tested for surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel, respectively.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness and microhardness values of the tested groups. The highest surface roughness mean value was found in bleached enamel group, while the least mean value was found in the control group. The highest mean microhardness value was found in the bleached enamel + ESP solution group, while the least mean value was found in the bleached enamel group.

Conclusions:
The application of the tested remineralizing agents following the bleaching procedure had improved the surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel. ESP and nHA present promising and potent remineralizing agents.
A importância das disciplinas didático-pedagógicas na formação do professor em química
Authors: Cardoso Lima Fábio , Soares da Silva. Jaciely 
Published: November 2022

A formação docente no Brasil experimentou diferentes mudanças, sendo que, muitas delas, estavam associadas a contextos específicos e concepções sobre Educação. Dentre as mudanças ocorridas destacamos a proposta de remodelação da estrutura curricular das Licenciaturas, as quais propôs romper com o modelo que ficou conhecido no sistema de ensino como 3+1 que priorizava uma formação organizacional não pautada em um diálogo entre o conteúdo das disciplinas específicas e as pedagógicas. Conhecedor desse processo histórico que permeia os cursos de Licenciaturas no Brasil, o presente artigo pretende a apresentar os resultados da pesquisa de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, o qual propôs problematizar o percurso formativo dos discentes no Curso de Licenciatura em Química do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais – Campus Salinas e como os tais percebem essas disciplinas em sua formação. Na busca de responder as perguntas levantadas, a pesquisa se pautou no uso de questionários para a coleta do material empírico, e os sujeitos selecionados foram os docentes do Curso de Química (área específica e pedagógica), e, discentes do 5º e 7º período do curso. A metodologia adotada se pautou em uma abordagem qualitativa e foi desenvolvida através de uma pesquisa exploratória. Os dados foram selecionados por categorias para realizar uma análise de conteúdo em diálogo com a teoria citada. E como resultado foi possível perceber que no curso de Licenciatura do IFNMG/Salinas, há por parte dos discentes, certa desvalorização ao cursarem as disciplinas didático-pedagógica, pois os mesmos veem tais disciplinas como mais fáceis e menos necessário a formação. Já os docentes, apresentaram, que percebem as disciplinas didático-pedagógicas importantes, mas que não há diálogo entre as áreas devido à falta de articulação, o que vem gerado, com isso, uma dicotomia entre as áreas de formação.
MAPPING THE BRAIN AND THE BODY: THE EXAMPLE OF GREEK AESTHETE NIKOLAOS EPISKOPOPOULOS
Authors: Mavroeidi Eleni 
Published: November 2022

<p>This article concentrates on the neurological condition of epilepsy in the short story “Mavra” by Greek author Nikolaos Episkopopoulos. An attempt is made to see the condition via the lens of social preconceptions, those who support degeneration, as well as neurological beliefs, through the identification and analysis of the themes that make up the protagonists’ epileptic identities. The reflection of the scientific atmosphere of the 19<sup>th</sup> century in fin-de-siècle literature is visible through the methodological prism of cognitive literary historicism. The socio-cultural makeup of the epileptic self eventually seems to be captured by the narrator’s body. The narrator’s brain functions are examined using introjection, visual perception, and the most recent finding of mirror neurons, indicating the particular and subjective experience of the illness.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0339/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>