bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pear, Pear Psylla Dormant Season Control, 1978
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three synthetic pyrethroids were applied by helicopter to plots of mixed Bartlett and d’Anjou pear for control of overwintered pear psylla adults. Plots were about 3 acres in size. The helicopter was equipped with standard spray gear except that 3 Beecomist® spray heads with 80u perforated metal sleeves were used in place of conventional nozzles. Some treatments were applied using superior type oil as a diluent at3gal/acre, others with water as a diluent at5gal/acre. Treatments were evaluated for adult kill by a pre- and several posttreatment counts using the beating tray technique (25 tray samples at random from each plot on each counting date).
Peach, San Jose Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Howell J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) which is registered for control of peachtree borer, Synanthedonexitiosa (Say), and is known to be effective against climbing cutworms (I and A Tests 1978) was tested for control of San Jose scale. The plots consisted of two 30-tree rows/treatment and were located in an abandoned orchard heavily infested with scale. Two applications at 3 rates were tested. The first application on Apr 25 (calyx red or delayed dormant stagelwas a Lorsban + oil combination, but the second on Jul 10 was Lorsban only. The applications were made with a hand gun, using a Bean® piston pump sprayer at a pump pressure of 500 psi. Each tree was sprayed to the drip stage, which required 0.4 to 1.0 gal of spray/tree. The efficacy of the first treatment was determined by holding one 80-cm-long infested twig from each tree in a petri dish in the laboratory where the male scale emerged, and that of the combined treatments was determined by examining 10 fruit/tree at harvest for the presence of scale.
Emergence of Citrus Blackfly from Insecticide-Treated Citrus Leaves, 1978
Authors: Fitzpatrick George 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticides were screened against citrus blackfly nymphs. Efficacy was evaluated by determining the number of adults emerged/leaf during a 3-wk (July-August) observation period. Two methods of application were assessed; in the first, 10 leaves each were sprayed until runoff with suspensions of the insecticides and in the second, 10 leaves each were dipped for 5 sec in the suspensions. Each experiment was divided into 2 tests due to time restrictions. Test 1 consisted of the screening of 11 compounds and Test II consisted of the screening of 3 compounds. Each test contained its own control. All leaves were allowed to dry, then each leaf was placed in a petri dish, and citrus blackfly emergence was noted.
Control of Citrus Thrips on Oranges, 1977
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied Mar 31 with a John Bean Sprayer equipped with a pistoltype hand gun using 300 psi. Each tree was sprayed (ms) with approximately 3 gal/tree (3 x 78 = 234 gpa). Trees in this block were planted 10 years ago and in good condition. Thrips counts included both adults and nymphs 5, 10, and 13 da following treatments. The “black box” technique was used (wrapping terminal sharply on a screen-covered box -6x8 inches). Three-tree plots were replicated 4 times.
Aerosol, Dust, and ULV Concentrate Insecticides Tested for Quarantine Use Against Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1977 and 1978
Authors: von Windeguth D. L. , Arner A. , Benschoter C. A. , Burditt A. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
These reported data were obtained in a continuing series of tests of toxicants for use against tropical fruit flies of quarantine importance. The Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrephasuspensa (Loew), used in the tests were from the insect colony established at the Subtropical Horticulture Research Unit at Miami, Florida! Tests were done in empty commercial semitrailer vans (ca. 713 volume) located at various trailer and container leasing firms in the Miami area. One-wk-old adult flies were caged in fabricated, open-ended, screened, pint ice-cream containers (4 cages/test, ca. 200 flies/cage), and the cages were attached to three walls and the ceiling of the van. Insecticides were formulated (1) as dusts (HiSil 233 carrier) and propelled with CO2 gas; (2) as aerosols formulated with Freon or with water and propane/isobutane and released from aerosol pressurized cans; or (3) as E. C.’s applied with Micro-gen or Microsol sprayers. Rates of application were as stated in the table. The exposure to the toxicants lasted 30 minutes, 10 with the van doors closed and the other 20 with one door open. Insect knock down (K.D.) counts were made when the cages were removed at 30 minutes. Mortality counts were made at 24-hr postexposure. Average temperatures during the exposure and holding periods was 25°C. Except when KD and 24-hr mortality were very low (i.e., Lilly L-28 in 1977), all tests were replicated at least twice. All KD and 24-hr mortality counts were corrected by using Abbott’s formula and averaging.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1978
Authors: Boethel David J. , McBride Jere M. , Stewart Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Success’ pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made Jun 26 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 33 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on Jun 30 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Snap Beans, Seed Corn Maggot Control, 1978
Authors: Sanborn Stephen M. , Libby John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Gallatin Valley-50’ beans were planted with a cone seeder in 20-foot rows on 36-inch centers on Jun 15 at Arlington, Wl, and Jun 19 at Hancock, Wl. Twenty double-row treatments, baited with meat meal were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at each location. The soil type was Carrington silt loam at Arlington, Wl, and Kellner sand at Hancock, Wl. The seeding rate was 9 seeds per foot of row.
Control of Worms on Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of ‘Eastern Baldhead’ cabbage transplanted on Jul 5, 1978 by a grower (Robert Wiggin, St rat ham, NH) was utilized. Spray treatments were applied once a week for 7 weeks to 20-foot rows replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. A one gallon B & G hand sprayer pressurized to 40 psi with CO2 and delivering 25 gallons of spray per acre was utilized. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on each of 5 plants per replication and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 14’78. Percent marketable heads was determined on Nov 14’78.
Cabbage Lepidopterous Feeders, A 7-To 14-Day Spray Program, 1977
Authors: Flood Brian R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Globe transplants were planted Jun 15’77. The design was a randomized complete block using three replicates each four rows by 40-ft with two border rows between treatments. Two 7-ft borders between blocks and the outside 10 rows were left untreated. Treatments were applied at 30 gpa, using a bicycle wheel sprayer equipped with two sets of D3/25 cone tips per row. Insecticide treatments were applied when larvae were detected furing each 7-to 14-day period. At harvest, 18 days after the last application, five cabbage heads per plot were individually evaluated. The total number of early, mid, or late instar larvae, pupae, and diseased or parasitized larvae of the cabbage looper and the imported cabbageworm was recorded for each plot. Each treatment was rated for damage on a scale of one to five: (1) excellent control, no significant feeding; (2) good control, wrapper leaf feeding; (3) fair control, feeding common; (4) poor control, feeding common and heads damaged; and (5) no control. Cabbage looper pressure was excessive.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Spring Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Golden Acre cabbage was planted in 5 x 20 ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 24-inch interplant spacing on Mar 28’78 at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates (beds). All treatments were applied on Jun 23 with a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor traveling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi applied 40 gpa through D2-23 “TEEJET” nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on the boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing and examining the leaves and heads of 8 market-ready plants taken randomly from each bed 3 days after the treatment.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm, 1975
Authors: Linduska James J. , Olson Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Early Round Dutch’ cabbage was transplanted in 2-row plots 33-feet long on August 21’75. Plants were spaced 18-inches in the row with 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/a with 40 psi. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. The sprays were applied on Sep 5, 16 and 29; Oct 8 and 13. The granular insecticide treatments were applied with a double spout electric drive Gandy applicator (Model 901-2). The treatments were applied 4-6 inches on either side of the row by placing the Gandy hose outlets behind the inside cultivator teeth. Plots receiving sidedressing were treated on Sep 5 and Oct 7. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Cabbage, Cabbage Looper Control, 1978
Authors: Reed D. K. , Reed G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Green Pak’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on May 22 in 2 row plots with 10 inch spacing in sandy soil using a mechanical transplanter. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Dust treatments were applied with a hand duster while sprays were applied with a 2 gallon backpack sprayer operated at 35 psi to obtain thorough coverage. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jun 14 and ending Jul 26. Effectiveness of materials was determined by counting cabbage loopers on 5 plants per replicate weekly. A damage evaluation was taken at each counting data by assigning numerical designations from 0-5 with 0 indicating no damage and 5 heavy damage. The experiment was designed for orthogonal comparison between untreated and treated plots and for within treated plots.
Diamondback Moth and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage and Brussels Sprouts, 1978
Authors: Seymour P. K. , Wilsey W. T. , Davis A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Roundup’ cabbage and ‘Jade Cross’ brussels sprouts were transplanted Jul 12’78 on the Robbins Farm near Geneva, NY. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design with 15-ft between each replication. Plots consisted of two 50-ft rows, 36-inches wide, with a 16-inch plant spacing. Two buffer rows of sweet corn separated each treatment. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 35 gal H2O/A and having 3 nozzles per row, was used to spray each treatment on a weekly schedule. Effectiveness of treatment was determined by counting diamondback and cabbage looper larvae on 3 plants per replication. Larvae counts were made 2-4days after application. Diamondback infestation was unusually high while cabbage looper infestation was moderate.
Celery Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1978
Authors: Tryon E. H. , Poe Leslie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of moderate-heavy populations of vegetable leafminers and their parasites on ‘2-14’ celery. Plots were set up in the commercial celery fields of Duda Bros. Farm in Belle Glade, Florida. The celery was grown on organic muck during Feb - May 1978. Foliar sprays were applied at five day intervals from Mar 8 - May 17. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with three *5 nozzles per row was used to apply 5.05 gallons per plot at 150 psi. Each plot was 20 x 20 ft with 150 celery plants in 30 rows with a 20 x 20 ft buffer separating the treatments. There were fourteen treatments randomized in each of four blocks. Experimental celery plots were separated from commercial celery by several buffer rows. The celery was sampled at three dates and the samples, each consisting of seven trifoliates, placed in pint sherbet containers. Twelve samples were collected/treatment. The emerged adult leafminers and parasites were counted six weeks after collecting.
Foliar Spray to Control Worms on Silking Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was located on the Hugh Turtle Farm, Dover, New Hampshire. Each plot consisted of a 30-foot row with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied to the ear area beginning at 10% silk stage and extending into the brown silk stage. Spray applications were made using a one gallon B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 52 gallons/acre. Evaluations were made on Sep 19’78 by examining 100 ears from each treatment for the presence of worms and feeding injury.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control Programs in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Flood Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted Jun 20’78 (app. 1000 HU 50) so that ear formation coincided with expected European corn borer and corn earworm flight activity. Twenty chemical treatments and 4 stratified untreated checks were replicated in four randomized complete blocks 80 ft x 164 rows. Each treatment consisted of four rows with two border rows between treatments. Ten border rows were left on the edge of each block. All materials were applied with a modified Hagie Hiboy (25 gpa, 3 mph, and 40 psi) with six D2/23 Tee Jet tips per row. Because of the severe European corn borer pressure, treatments were initiated at row tassel and continued at scheduled intervals adjusted to light trap catches. At harvest, 13 days after the last treatment, 25 ears from the middle two rows of each replicate were examined for damage to each ear as “none” (clean), “tip” (kernels eaten), “side”, or “tip and side”. Each ear was assessed for the number of European corn borers and corn earworms in the early, mid, or late instar stage. Treatments were applied during the heaviest European corn borer flight in 18 years based on light trap records. Corn earworm pressure was also intense, with the main infestation occurring after the Aug 24 application. The untreated checks were 100% infested with 94% damaged ears. There was an average of 2.3 European corn borers and 0.8 corn earworms per ear.
Fleabeetle and Beet Armyworm Control on Seedling Corn, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Golden Bantam T-51 hybrid sweet corn was planted Aug 18’78 at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station. Soil type on the station is Laveen Clay loam. Planting was in a moist seed bed on 80-inch row spacing. Plots were 4 beds wide (13.2 feet) by 30 feet long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each treatment replicated 0.0364 acre.
European Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm Control in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ was planted Jun 16’77 in Tioga siltloam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 4-row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer through 5 nozzles/row, dispensing 30 gallons/A at 60 psi. Treatments were initiated at first silk on Aug 16 and continued on Aug 21 and 26. At harvest maturity (Sep 1), 100 ears from the 2 center rows of each replicate were examined.
Caterpillar Control on Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: York A. C. , Walker G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bellringer sweet corn was planted 12 Jun with a Planet Jr. UC 21865 was applied as a spray in an 8-10 in. band in 50 gpa prior to planting and lightly incorporated. The other materials were applied as a foliar spray through 2 drop nozzles per row directed to the ear zone of each stalk. Rows were 30-ft long on 30-in centers, 3 rows were used per treatment and separated by 6 ft from the next treatment. The majority of materials were applied in 50 gpa at 68 psi through D4-45 nozzles on 9 Aug, 14 Aug, 17 Aug, and 21 Aug. Sevin 4SL and Sevin UCSF-1 formulations were applied in 10 gpa at 40 psi using D2-23 nozzles. Sevin 4SL at 2 lb/A and Sevin UCSF-1 at 2 lb/A were applied only twice, 9 Aug and 17 Aug. Control was evaluated by husking 25 ears per treatment replicate (4) and counting European corn borer and corn earworm on Aug 25 and 26.
Apple Insects, 1978
Authors: Fisher G. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were applied in a IX dilution at 300 psi so that foliage and fruit were treated to the runoff. All treatments of insecticides were mode on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately a 10-da interval between cover sprays. Mature standard Delicious, Mcintosh, and Cortland trees were randomized and replicated 4 times in a 116-tree block. Application dates were: May 5 (tight cluster); May 10 (bloom - no insecticide applied); May 15-16 (petal fall). Cover sprays were: May 26-27, June 6-7, June 26-27, July 5-6, July 17-18, July 28-29, August 7-8, August 18. Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring (September 7-10). Disease control was accomplished by applying captan 50W (2 lb/100) with each insecticide application and as a bloom spray.
Control of Cabbage Maggot on Turnip, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted and treated on Jun 15 with a single cone seeder. Seeds were planted at 10 seeds/ft, germination counts made on Jun 30, and emerged seedlings were thinned to ca. 2/ft on Jul 6. Each treatment consisted of a single row, 25-ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Rows were 36-inches apart, but the insecticide treatments were based on a 24-inch row width since this is the most common row width used by crucifer growers in New York State. Foliar sprays were applied at 63 gallons HoO/acre on Jul 17 and Aug 18 with a single nozzle CO2_powered sprayer mounted on the single cone seeder. Soil type was a Lima silt loam. Turnip roots were pulled, washed and rated for injury by counting the number of tunnels on 10 roots/treatment on Sep 13.
Cabbage Looper Control on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four applications were applied during Oct (11, 17, 24, and 31) with a 2.5 gal backpack CO2 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a 6-nozzle boom operated at 40 psi. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a 42-ft row with an untreated guard row on each side. Results were meas measured by egg and larval counts on 10 plants from the middle of the plots. Counts were made 4 days after each treatment and a final count 10 days after the 4th application.
Control of the Cowpea Curculio and Thrips, on Southern Peas, Test 1, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peas were planted Apr 26‘77. Plots were 4 rows (3 ft spacing), 50-ft long and were replicated 4 X in randomized complete blocks. Soil was a loamy sand and received 8.4 in. rain and 4 in irrigation. The sprays were applied May 24, Jun 17, 20, 24 with a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 gal/acre, 50 psi. Thrips damage was evaluated Jun 2 by scoring 10 plants/plot for damage (0 = no damage, 1, 2, 3=light, moderate, severe distortion, resp.). On Jun 27, 25 pods/plot were harvested and examined for cowpea curculio stings on the hull and shelled peas.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1978
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , McMaster Galen M. , Wight Ronald P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potato seed pieces were planted 10-inches apart in 36-inch rows in silt loam soil on May 4. Plots were arranged in randomized blocks of 5 treatments and 5 replications. Four sprinkler heads irrigated 14 rows 40 feet long. The plots were separated by a 60 foot border zone. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inches of water was applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hour. On Jul 28 ‘78, two insecticides, Imidan 50W (2 lbs ai/A) and Sevimol (1 lb ai/A) were injected into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hour of an 8 hour irrigation set and applied to the plots. Both chemicals were also applied at the same rate with a ground-driven sprayer. Adult and larval beetle counts were made 24 hours after application by counting dead and live beetles and larvae found on and beneath three plants in each plot (Table 1). Seven days following treatment, beetles observed on 40 feet of row were recorded (Table 2).
Irish Potato, European Corn Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pungo’ Irish potatoes were planted on March 17‘77, in 3-row, 25-ft plots at the Tidewater Research Station in Plymouth, NC. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Apr 28, May 3, 6, 10, 13, and 17, for a total of 6 applications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 100 psi and delivering 100 gallons of spray per acre. A three-row boom was arranged with 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row. Percent plants infested with European corn borer was determined on May 18. The middle row of the 3-row plots was harvested on Jun 28. Potatoes were field graded into 1 ‘s and 2‘s and yields were taken.