bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the European Union farm types: Scenarios with and without the 2013 CAP measures
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues , Mourao Paulo Reis , Georgantzis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) publishes data for the representative farms of several European Union (EU) farm types, regions and countries. In this database, the published data for the farm types allow us to assess several agricultural policies. In fact, the FADN publishes data for the EU farming types and there are not many studies about these fields in the whole European context. This study aims to bring novelty for the whole spectrum of stakeholder types in these domains. The analysis of these impacts may bring relevant insights, especially, for adjustments in the design of future strategies and plans. We analyse the evolution of the EU farm types in the last two decades with significant scenario changes like two large common agricultural policy (CAP) reforms (2003 and 2013) and suggest new approaches to the design for future measures. Statistical information from the FADN over the period 2004–2018 is considered. In addition, efficiency and productivity assessments are carried out, to assess the implications of the most recent instruments of the CAP. The results show that the policy instruments in the framework of the 2013 CAP justify the use of more inputs (or at least at higher costs) for the same level of output. In fact, the subsidies given to the farmers since 2014 mask the inefficiencies underlying some farm types. A significant decrease in the total factor productivity confirmed this trend, despite positive growth rates for the total verified output for several farm types over the period.
Ontologies4Chem: the landscape of ontologies in chemistry
Authors: Strömert Philip , Hunold Johannes , Castro André , Neumann Steffen , Koepler Oliver 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For a long time, databases such as CAS, Reaxys, PubChem or ChemSpider mostly rely on unique numerical identifiers or chemical structure identifiers like InChI, SMILES or others to link data across heterogeneous data sources. The retrospective processing of information and fragmented data from text publications to maintain these databases is a cumbersome process. Ontologies are a holistic approach to semantically describe data, information and knowledge of a domain. They provide terms, relations and logic to semantically annotate and link data building knowledge graphs. The application of standard taxonomies and vocabularies from the very beginning of data generation and along research workflows in electronic lab notebooks (ELNs), software tools, and their final publication in data repositories create FAIR data straightforwardly. Thus a proper semantic description of an investigation and the why, how, where, when, and by whom data was produced in conjunction with the description and representation of research data is a natural outcome in contrast to the retrospective processing of research publications as we know it. In this work we provide an overview of ontologies in chemistry suitable to represent concepts of research and research data. These ontologies are evaluated against several criteria derived from the FAIR data principles and their possible application in the digitisation of research data management workflows.
Research control for ankle joint rehabilitation device
Authors: Dao Duc minh , P.D. Phuoc  , T.X. Tuy  
Published: March 2022

The ankle is one of the joints that is often injured when playing sports or in daily activities. Improper handling due to lack of knowledge about the ankles causes these injuries to last long, cause disability and affect our daily activities. Rehabilitation treatment is important for the purpose of maintaining and improving the mobility of joints. This paper, presenting the experimental results of the training device to rehabilitate ankle joints for human in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion exercises. The PD controller has been applied and controlled device. During the training, the angle of the ankle joint is monitored by the Arduino IDE software. The error of the set angle and the experimental angle is 10. The device manufactured in the workshop of Pham Van Dong university base on aluminum material. Experiments were conducted on both without load mode and with human mode. For human safety, besides the program containing the Arduino Mega controller, the device has mechanical brakes and an emergency button. The device’s tracking performance was determined by comparing the input and output angular position of the device.
Corticotroph pituitary carcinoma with skeletal metastases masquerading as ectopic ACTH syndrome: a long and winding road to diagnosis
Authors: Van Mieghem Eugénie , Intan-Goey Valent , Buffet Wendi , Lammens Martin , Van Loo Pieter , Abrams Pascale 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Pituitary carcinoma is a rare type of malignancy and only accounts for 0.1–0.2% of all pituitary tumours. Most pituitary carcinomas are hormonally active and they are mostly represented by corticotroph and lactotroph carcinomas. Corticotroph carcinoma can present as symptomatic Cushing’s disease or can evolve from silent corticotroph adenoma which is not associated with clinical or biochemical evidence of hypercortisolism. We hereby present a case of a bone-metastasized corticotroph pituitary carcinoma masquerading as an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome in a patient with a history of a non-functioning pituitary macro-adenoma. Our patient underwent two transsphenoidal resections of the primary pituitary tumour followed by external beam radiation therapy. Under hydrocortisone substitution therapy she developed ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism without arguments for recurrence on pituitary MRI and without central-to-peripheral ACTH-gradient on inferior petrosal sinus sampling, both suggesting ectopic production. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with an ACTH-secreting vertebral metastasis originating from the primary pituitary tumour. This case report demonstrates the complex pathophysiology of pituitary carcinoma and the long diagnostic work-up. Certain features in pituitary adenoma should raise the suspicion of malignancy.

Learning points

The diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma can only be made based on documented metastasis, therefore, due to the often long latency period between the detection of the primary tumour and the occurrence of metastasis, the diagnostic work-up most often spans over multiple years.

Pituitary carcinoma including corticotroph carcinoma is very rare in contrast to pituitary adenoma and only accounts for 0.1–0.2% of all pituitary tumours.

Histopathology in pituitary adenoma should certainly accomplish the following goals: accurate tumour subtyping and assessment of tumoural proliferative potential.

Repeated recurrence of pituitary adenoma after surgical resection, a discrepancy between biochemical and radiological findings, resistance to medical and radiation therapy, and silent tumours becoming functional are all hallmarks of pituitary carcinoma.

Silent corticotroph adenomas are non-functioning pituitary adenomas that arise from T-PIT lineage adenohypophyseal cells and that can express adrenocorticotropic hormone on immunohistochemistry, but are not associated with biochemical or clinical evidence of hypercortisolism. Silent corticotroph adenomas exhibit a more aggressive clinical behaviour than other non-functioning adenomas.

Treatment options for corticotroph carcinoma include primary tumour resection, radiation therapy, medical therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes bilateral adrenalectomy is necessary to achieve sufficient control of the cortisol excess.
Porous structure of carbon materials obtained from the shell of walnuts
Authors: Ivanichok N.Ya. , Ivanichok O.M. , Kolkovskyi P.I. , Rachiy B.I. , Sklepova S.-V.S. , Kulyk Yu.O. , Bachuk V.V. 
Published: March 2022

Samples of porous carbon material (PCM) were obtained by carbonization of the feedstock (walnut shells). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the porous structure of the obtained carbon materials. The fractal dimension of the surface increases and significant changes are observed in the distribution of the pore volume of the PCM samples with an increase in the carbonization temperature of the initial feedstock, which is especially pronounced for the sample obtained at 700 °C. It is shown that PCM obtained at 400-700 °С are macroporous materials, the maximum porous volume corresponds to pores with radius R ≈ 30 nm, and samples obtained at 700-1000 °C are mesoporous with R ≈ 5 nm. The characteristics of the porous structure of the obtained materials were calculated on the basis of isotherms of low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen and it was shown that the carbonization temperature significantly affects the specific surface area and pore volume of PCM. It was determined that to obtain of PCM with an optimal ratio of micro- and mesopores, the temperature is 800 °C, at which the specific surface area of the carbon material is 238 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 2.2 nm.
Immunosuppressant Medication Use in Patients with Kidney Allograft Failure: A Prospective Multicenter Canadian Cohort Study
Authors: Knoll Greg , Campbell Patricia , Chassé Michaël , Fergusson Dean , Ramsay Tim , Karnabi Priscilla , Perl Jeffrey , House Andrew A. , Kim Joseph , Johnston Olwyn , Mainra Rahul , Houde Isabelle , Baran Dana , Treleaven Darin J. , Senecal Lynne , Tibbles Lee Anne , Hébert Marie-Josée , White Christine , Karpinski Martin , Gill John S. 
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement
Current recommendations suggest discontinuation of immunosuppressants 1 year after kidney transplant failure. In this first prospective multicenter study of 269 patients with kidney transplant failure in 16 Canadian centers, most patients were prescribed immunosuppressants for longer than 2 years. Continued use of immunosuppressants was not associated with an increased risk of death or hospitalized infection. However, the continued use of immunosuppressants did not prevent rejection of the failed allograft or an increase in anti-HLA antibodies, possibly due to inadequate drug exposure. The findings challenge current recommendations and highlight the need for a controlled trial of immunosuppressant use in patients with transplant failure.

Background
Patients with kidney transplant failure have a high risk of hospitalization and death due to infection. The optimal use of immunosuppressants after transplant failure remains uncertain and clinical practice varies widely.

Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled patients within 21 days of starting dialysis after transplant failure in 16 Canadian centers. Immunosuppressant medication use, death, hospitalized infection, rejection of the failed allograft, and anti-HLA panel reactive antibodies were determined at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and and then twice yearly until death, repeat transplantation, or loss to follow-up.

Results
The 269 study patients were followed for a median of 558 days. There were 33 deaths, 143 patients hospitalized for infection, and 21 rejections. Most patients (65%) continued immunosuppressants, 20% continued prednisone only, and 15% discontinued all immunosuppressants. In multivariable models, patients who continued immunosuppressants had a lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17 to 0.93) and were not at increased risk of hospitalized infection (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.82 to 4.0) compared with patients who discontinued all immunosuppressants or continued prednisone only. The mean class I and class II panel reactive antibodies increased from 11% to 27% and from 25% to 47%, respectively, but did not differ by immunosuppressant use. Continuation of immunosuppressants was not protective of rejection of the failed allograft (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.22 to 2.94).

Conclusions
Prolonged use of immunosuppressants >1 year after transplant failure was not associated with a higher risk of death or hospitalized infection but was insufficient to prevent higher anti-HLA antibodies or rejection of the failed allograft.
Biomonitoring of Health of Chubachu Stream Using Macroinvertebrate Diversity
Authors: Dorji Tandin , Tshering Sonam , Wangchuk Norbu , Acharja Indra P. 
Published: March 2022

Biomonitoring, to assess the water quality of the Chubachu stream was conducted using macroinvertebrate diversity as an indicator to determine the level of pollution and the impact of wastewater discharge from settlements along the stream. The study site was divided into two zones based on the density of settlements as dense or sparse, with 3 sampling points in each zone. The assessment was performed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score system. A total of 693 specimens were collected belonging to 19 families. The study found that the level of water pollution is directly correlated to settlement density. The water flowing through the sparse settlements is
substantially lesser polluted compared to a densely populated area. The study found 4.5 – 61500 CFU/100mL of thermotolerant coliform in the area, significantly higher than the permissible limit for drinking water as per Bhutan Drinking Water Quality Standard (BDWQS) & World Health Organization (WHO); which is 0 CFU/100mL. The study also found that the discharge of untreated sewage and dumping waste directly into the stream is the primary source of pollution. Realigning sewage discharge into municipality sewage network, treatment of wastewater, and proper management of waste by residents living along the stream can help reduce pollution and improve the water quality
El Poder Judicial en el marco del principio de unidad y del Estado de las Autonomías = The Judiciary within the framework of the principle of unity and the State of Autonomy
Authors: González Granda Piedad 
Published: March 2022

La tradición del Poder Judicial está anclada en una estructura organizativa estatal unitaria, que la Constitución española (CE) modifica a través de un sistema de gran complejidad jurídica que supone la plasmación de la integración de un Poder Judicial unitario en el modelo de un Estado Autonómico o de las Autonomías. La coordinación entre los Títulos VI y VIII no ha estado exenta de problemas en ningún momento. El objeto del presente trabajo constituye un breve análisis del entramado constitucional del Poder Judicial y la pertinente clarificación en torno al principio de Unidad jurisdiccional, que -contrariamente a lo que a veces venos reflejado en artículos de opinión- no guarda relación directa con el diseño del Estado de las Autonomías, siendo otra la problemática de interés que suscita el modelo territorial autonómico: la debida interpretación de las limitaciones constitucionales afectantes al concepto de Administración de Justicia. The tradition of the Judicial Power is anchored in a unitary state organizational structure, which the Spanish Constitution (CE) modifies through a system of great legal complexity that implies the embodiment of the integration of a unitary Judicial Power in the model of an Autonomous State or of the Autonomies. Coordination between Titles VI and VIII has never been without its problems. The object of this paper is a brief analysis of the constitutional framework of the Judiciary and the pertinent clarification regarding the principle of jurisdictional unity, which -contrary to what we sometimes see reflected in opinion articles- is not directly related to the design of the State of the Autonomies, being another the problem of interest that the regional territorial model raises: the proper interpretation of the constitutional limitations affecting the concept of Administration of Justice.
Analysis of cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial agents prescribed in tertiary care rural setup of central India
Authors: Kaikade Swapnil , Paise Nitin 
Published: March 2022

Antimicrobial agents are most commonly prescribed drug and share major cost of the treatment. In india, health insurance doesn’t cover all people leading to out-of-pocket expenditure.To study the cost-effectiveness of Antimicrobial agents and to recommend the proper therapeutic strategy for the use antimicrobial agents.The present cross sectioned study was carried out in by collecting data from admitted patient’s case paper, tabulated in seven groups of disease and four groups of antimicrobial agents, scrutinized for its pharmacoeconomics. Statistical analysis done by using Fisher’s Z- test.Antimicrobials should be preferably prescribed after culture sensitivity test so as to avoid wastage of money spent on empirically prescribed non-sensitive antimicrobials. In the current study Staphylococci, E.coli then Klebsiella are found to be most commonly found organism in the samples, which can help as a guideline for prescribing antimicrobial therapy.
The Effects of SARS COV 2 Infection –Does a Depression Pandemic Follow?
Authors: Moscu Cosmina-Alina , Anghele Mihaela , Dragomir Liliana , Munteanu Sorina , Anghele Aurelian , Nechita Aurel 
Published: March 2022

Viral infections can be a cause of CNS infection, causing mental and neurological symptoms. Even under normal conditions, good mental health is of paramount importance to the functioning of society. Healthcare workers are critical to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, but may have to leave work if their mental health is affected.
We present the favorable evolution of a patient, a 55 year-old woman, medical staff with a history of viral infection with SARS CoV-2 (August 2020), which is brought by a crew of the Ambulance service in the emergency department (ED) service (December 2020) for multi-drug ingestion for suicide. After treatment and investigations she is transferred to the “Elena Doamna” Psychiatric Hospital. After 4 days of hospitalization, he returns to the emergency department by transfer from the Psychiatric Hospital for underlying seizures, confusion syndrome. During her admission to the neurology service of the “Sf Ap. Andrei” Emergency Clinical Hospital, the patient benefited from numerous clinical and paraclinical investigations, which provided information about the patient's neuropsychiatric evolution.
EOSINOPHILS PROFILE AND LUND-MACKAY SCORE OF NASAL POLYPS IN ARIFIN ACHMAD HOSPITAL, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Yolazenia Yolazenia , Inayah Inayah , Romaito Febri Romaito , Handayani Retni Tri , Utami Novisa Dwi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Theories suggest that nasal polyps occur as a result of chronic inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa. Eosinophils are the main inflammatory cells found in nasal polyp tissue. The severity of nasal polyps can be seen from the CT Scan of the Paranasal Sinus (PNS) using the Lund-Mackay score. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the eosinophil count of nasal polyp tissue and the Lund-Mackay score of CT Scan PNS of nasal polyps patients in Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province. Examination of the eosinophil count was carried out microscopically using histopathological preparations of nasal polyp tissue with semiquantitative assessment, and Lund-Mackay score was assessed from the CT Scan of the PNS. From the 14 samples collected, there were 8 men (57.1%) more than 6 women (42.9%) with an average age of 30.43 ± 17.36 years old. Eosinophil counts were obtained in 5 (35,7%) samples 1/2+, 5 (35.7%) samples 1+, and negative in 4 samples (28,6%). While the Lund-Mackay score obtained an average value of 10.21 ± 6.87 with a low category in 11 (78.6%) and high in 3 (21.4%) samples. Patients with high Lund-Mackay scores tend to have higher eosinophil counts which reflect a more severe degree of disease severity in nasal polyps.Keywords: Eosinophil; Lund-Mackay Score; Nasal polyp; Paranasal sinus
Menstrual Product Insecurity Resulting From COVID-19‒Related Income Loss, United States, 2020
Authors: Sommer Marni , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. , Gruer Caitlin , Schmitt Margaret L. , Nguyen Angela-Maithy , Berry Amanda , Kochhar Shivani , Gorrell Kulkarni Sarah , Nash Denis , Maroko Andrew R. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To identify key effects of the pandemic and its economic consequences on menstrual product insecurity with implications for public health practice and policy. Methods. Study participants (n = 1496) were a subset of individuals enrolled in a national (US) prospective cohort study. Three survey waves were included (March‒October 2020). Menstrual product insecurity outcomes were explored with bivariate associations and logistic regression models to examine the associations between outcomes and income loss. Results. Income loss was associated with most aspects of menstrual product insecurity (adjusted odds ratios from 1.34 to 3.64). The odds of not being able to afford products for those who experienced income loss was 3.64 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14, 6.19) that of those who had no income loss and 3.95 times (95% CI = 1.78, 8.79) the odds for lower-income participants compared with higher-income participants. Conclusions. Pandemic-related income loss was a strong predictor of menstrual product insecurity, particularly for populations with lower income and educational attainment. Public Health Implications. Provision of free or subsidized menstrual products is needed by vulnerable populations and those most impacted by pandemic-related income loss.(Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):675–684. ( https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306674 )
Novel Technique for Percutaneous Reduction of Displaced LCII Pelvic Ring Injury
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Kleweno Conor P. , Firoozabadi Reza 
Published: March 2022

Update
This article was updated on April 22, 2022, because of a previous error. One of the author's names was incorrect. The correct spelling is Conor P. Kleweno.
An erratum (JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12[2]:e22.00022ER) has been published for this article.

Case:
We present a case report of an elderly patient with a displaced lateral compression type II pelvic ring injury and describe a novel technique for maintaining a percutaneously obtained reduction during percutaneous fixation using a supra-acetabular Schantz pin attached to a mechanical limb positioner.

Conclusion:
The mechanical limb positioner used allows the surgeon to hold a multidirectionally obtained reduction of the hemipelvis with ease.
The Role of Social media in Improving Teaching according to the Perspective of Teachers of the Elementary Schools in East Jerusalem
Authors: Hamdan Wafa Nur 
Published: March 2022

In recent years, rapid technological developments have brought about changes in various social, cultural, scientific and other fields. With the emergence of social networks that played their role in reducing distances and making the world a small village, they became used in various areas of life, and affected human behaviour and decisions; the field of education and education is one of the most prominent areas affected by these changes and developments (Oyza & Edwin, 2015) Social media is one of the most used means of communication among people today because of its importance in terms of ease of use and the ability of its users to access information in a short time as it is the smartest means of communication in terms of attracting users (Baruah, 2012; Marín et al. 2016; Ruíz-Palmero et al, 2020).
The development of education enables us to meet the challenges of the future when the use of social media and the Internet becomes a major role in this direction to improve the quality of school performance. The latest developments and research in this field have focused on enhancing creativity among students, developing teachers' performance, and developing educational programs. Whatever an individual's interest in education, they will find the information they want on the Internet (Jankauskaitė, 2019).