bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commonalities and specialties in photosynthetic functions of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 variants in Arabidopsis
Authors: Penzler Jan-Ferdinand , Marino Giada , Reiter Bennet , Kleine Tatjana , Naranjo Belen , Leister Dario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) protein is required for trans-thylakoid proton gradient formation and acclimation to fluctuating light (FL). PGR5 functionally interacts with two other thylakoid proteins, PGR5-like 1 (PGRL1) and 2 (PGRL2); however, the molecular details of these interactions are largely unknown. In the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pgr5-1 mutant, the PGR5G130S protein accumulates in only small amounts. In this work, we generated a knockout allele of PGR5 (pgr5-Cas) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Like pgr5-1, pgr5-Cas is seedling-lethal under FL, but photosynthesis and particularly cyclic electron flow, as well as chlorophyll content, are less severely affected in both pgr5-Cas and pgrl1ab (which lacks PGRL1 and PGR5) than in pgr5-1. These differences are associated with changes in the levels of 260 proteins, including components of the Calvin–Benson cycle, photosystems II and I, and the NDH complex, in pgr5-1 relative to the wild type (WT), pgr5-Cas, and pgrl1ab. Some of the differences between pgr5-1 and the other mutant lines could be tentatively assigned to second-site mutations in the pgr5-1 line, identified by whole-genome sequencing. However, others, particularly the more pronounced photosynthetic defects and PGRL1 depletion (compared to pgr5-Cas), are clearly due to specific negative effects of the amino-acid substitution in PGR5G130S, as demonstrated by complementation analysis. Moreover, pgr5-1 and pgr5-Cas plants are less tolerant to long-term exposure to high light than pgrl1ab plants. These results imply that, in addition to the previously reported necessity of PGRL1 for optimal PGR5 function, PGR5 is required alongside PGRL1 to avoid harmful effects on plant performance.
Native architecture and acclimation of photosynthetic membranes in a fast-growing cyanobacterium
Authors: Zhao Long-Sheng , Li Chun-Yang , Chen Xiu-Lan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Liu Lu-Ning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Efficient solar energy conversion is ensured by the organization, physical association, and physiological coordination of various protein complexes in photosynthetic membranes. Here, we visualize the native architecture and interactions of photosynthetic complexes within the thylakoid membranes from a fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Syn2973) using high-resolution atomic force microscopy. In the Syn2973 thylakoid membranes, both photosystem I (PSI)-enriched domains and crystalline photosystem II (PSII) dimer arrays were observed, providing favorable membrane environments for photosynthetic electron transport. The high light (HL)-adapted thylakoid membranes accommodated a large amount of PSI complexes, without the incorporation of iron-stress-induced protein A (IsiA) assemblies and formation of IsiA–PSI supercomplexes. In the iron deficiency (Fe−)-treated thylakoid membranes, in contrast, IsiA proteins densely associated with PSI, forming the IsiA–PSI supercomplexes with varying assembly structures. Moreover, type-I NADH dehydrogenase-like complexes (NDH-1) were upregulated under the HL and Fe− conditions and established close association with PSI complexes to facilitate cyclic electron transport. Our study provides insight into the structural heterogeneity and plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus in the context of their native membranes in Syn2973 under environmental stress. Advanced understanding of the photosynthetic membrane organization and adaptation will provide a framework for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of efficient light harvesting and energy conversion.
Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation that are reversed by inflammation control
Authors: Audo Rachel , Sanchez Pauline , Rivière Benjamin , Mielle Julie , Tan Jian , Lukas Cédric , Macia Laurence , Morel Jacques , Immediato Daien Claire 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how RA and DMARDs affect gut permeability.MethodsTo explore colonic mucosa integrity, tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin 2 were quantified by immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsies in 20 RA patients and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Staining intensity was assessed by two blinded independent readers. To explore intestinal permeability, serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and zonulin-related proteins (ZRPs) were evaluated by ELISA in another cohort of 59 RA patients: 21 patients naive for DMARDs [17 before and after introduction of a conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD)], 38 patients with severe RA [before and after introduction of a biological DMARD (bDMARD)] and 33 healthy controls.ResultsZ0-1 protein was less expressed in the colon of RA patients than controls [mean score 1.6 (s.e.m. 0.56) vs 2.0 (0.43), P = 0.01], while no significant difference was detected for occludin and claudin-2. RA patients had higher serum LBP and sCD14 concentrations than controls. LBP and sCD14 levels were significantly correlated with the 28-joint DAS (r = 0.61, P = 0.005 and r = 0.57, P = 0.01, respectively) while ZRP did not. bDMARD responders had significantly reduced LBP and sCD14 concentrations, unlike bDMARD non-responders and patients treated with csDMARDs.ConclusionRA patients have altered colonic tight junction proteins and increased serum biomarkers of intestinal permeability. There was a correlation between serological markers of intestinal permeability and disease activity as well as bDMARD response. These results suggest a link between impaired gut integrity and systemic inflammation in RA.
Information in Financial Markets and Its Real Effects
Authors: Goldstein Itay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Financial markets have a central role in allocating resources in modern economies. One of the main functions of financial markets is the discovery of information. This information in turn helps guide decisions in the real side of the economy. The literature on the “feedback effect” of financial markets explores this channel. Empirical work tries to identify the informational feedback from markets to corporate decisions. Theoretical work explores implications that this feedback effect has for the equilibrium in financial markets and for economic efficiency. Current trends in information technology under the FinTech revolution change the nature of information processing in financial markets and so may change the nature of the feedback effect. In this article, I review the main themes of this developing literature and connect them to the current information revolution. I also discuss directions for future research.
Listening to and Believing Derogatory and Threatening Voices
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Johns Louise , Loe Bao S , Bold Emily , Černis Emma ,   The McPin Hearing Voices Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Molodynski Andrew , Freeman Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and hypothesisA plausible cause of distress for voice hearers is listening to and believing the threats and criticisms heard. Qualitative research indicates that patients have understandable reasons to listen. This study aimed to develop the understanding of distress using this listening and believing framework. Measures were developed of listening and believing voices and the reasons, and associations with distress tested.Study designA cross-sectional study of patients hearing derogatory and threatening voices (N = 591). Listening and Believing–Assessment and Listening and Believing–Reasons item pools were completed, and assessments of distress. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted.Study results52% (n = 307) of participants believed their voices most or all the time. Listening and believing had 4 factors: active listening, passive listening, believing, and disregarding. Higher levels of believing, active listening, and particularly passive listening were associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and voice distress. Reasons for listening and believing formed 7 factors: to better understand the threat; being too worn down to resist; to learn something insightful; being alone with time to listen; voices trying to capture attention; voices sounding like real people; and voices sounding like known people. Each type of reason was associated with active listening, passive listening, and believing. SEM showed that feeling worn down in particular accounted for listening and believing. Test–retest reliability of measures was excellent.ConclusionsA framework of listening and believing negative voices has the potential to inform the understanding and treatment of voice distress.
Whole Genome Sequencing Suggests that “Nonpathogenicity on Banana (NPB)” Is the Ancestral State of the Ralstonia solanacearum IIB-4 Lineage
Authors: Beutler Jonathan , Holden Samuel , Georgoulis Stratton , Williams Darrielle , Norman David J. , Lowe-Power Tiffany M. 
Published: August 2022

The bacterial wilt pathogens in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) have broad but finite host ranges. Population genetic surveys of RSSC pathogens show that many sequevars (subspecies groups) are predominantly recovered from wilting solanaceous plants. In contrast, strains in the IIB-4 sequevar have been isolated from plants in over a dozen families. Certain IIB-4 lineages have been classified as banana-virulent versus “not pathogenic to banana (NPB).” Prior analysis suggested that the NPB lineage has diverged from the banana-virulent IIB-4 strains. To test this model, we analyzed the phenotypes and phylogeny of a diverse collection of 19 IIB-4 isolates. We used Illumina sequencing to assemble draft genomes of 12 new strains. Based on whole genome phylogenetic analysis, these IIB-4 strains clustered into five subclades. We quantified the virulence of each strain on tomato, banana, melon, and impatiens plants. Overall, the virulence patterns correlated with phylogeny. Banana virulence was restricted to the IIB-4D subclade ( N = 4/4 strains) and IIB-4E subclade ( N = 1/2 strains). Subclades IIB-4D and IIB-4E are sister subclades, and their closest relative, the IIB-4A-C subclade, lacked virulence on banana. Our data support a revised model in which banana virulence is an innovation within the IIB4D/E subclades. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Harvard Medical School’s Sexual and Gender Minority Health Equity Initiative: Curricular and Climate Innovations in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Keuroghlian Alex S. , Charlton Brittany M. , Katz-Wise Sabra L. , Williams Kesha , Jarvie E.J. , Phillips Rusty , Kremen Jessica , Guss Carly E. , Dalrymple John L. , Potter Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

Problem
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations face numerous health disparities. Medical school curricula lack adequate educational content preparing students for serving SGM patients, and medical students typically do not experience welcoming, inclusive educational environments conducive to learning about SGM health care.

Approach
In 2018, Harvard Medical School (HMS) launched the 3-year Sexual and Gender Minority Health Equity Initiative to integrate SGM health content throughout the longitudinal core medical curriculum and cultivate an educational climate conducive for engaging students and faculty in SGM health education. The initiative employed innovative strategies to comprehensively review existing SGM health curricular content and climate; integrate content across courses and clerkships; lead with LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and all sexual and gender minorities) community engagement; adopt an intersectional approach that centers racial equity; cultivate safe, affirming educational environments for LGBTQIA+ and non-LGBTQIA+ students and staff; ensure all graduating students are prepared to care for SGM patients; enhance faculty knowledge, skills, attitudes, and confidence teaching SGM health; evaluate effectiveness and impact of SGM health curricular innovations; prioritize sustainability of curricular innovations; and publicly share and disseminate SGM health curricular products and tools.

Outcomes
Key outcomes of the initiative focused on 5 areas: development of 9 SGM health competencies, stakeholder engagement (HMS students and faculty, national SGM health experts, and LGBTQIA+ community members), student life and educational climate (increased LGBTQIA+ student matriculants, enhanced mentorship and support), curriculum development (authentic LGBTQIA+ standardized patient experiences, clerkship toolkit design), and faculty development (multimedia curriculum on content and process to teach SGM health).

Next Steps
In addition to refining curricular integration, evaluating interventions, and implementing comprehensive antiracist and gender-affirming educational policies, the next phase will involve dissemination by translating best practices into feasible approaches that any school can adopt to meet local needs with available resources.
An Ecological Account of Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Watsjold Bjorn K. , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Regehr Glenn 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The prevailing paradigms of clinical reasoning conceptualize context either as noise that masks, or as external factors that influence, the internal cognitive processes involved in reasoning. The authors reimagined clinical reasoning through the lens of ecological psychology to enable new ways of understanding context-specific manifestations of clinical performance and expertise, and the bidirectional ways in which individuals and their environments interact.

Method
The authors performed a critical review of foundational and current literature from the field of ecological psychology to explore the concepts of clinical reasoning and context as presented in the health professions education literature.

Results
Ecological psychology offers several concepts to explore the relationship between an individual and their context, including affordance, effectivity, environment, and niche. Clinical reasoning may be framed as an emergent phenomenon of the interactions between a clinician’s effectivities and the affordances in the clinical environment. Practice niches are the outcomes of historical efforts to optimize practice and are both specialty-specific and geographically diverse.

Conclusions
In this framework, context specificity may be understood as fundamental to clinical reasoning. This changes the authors’ understanding of expertise, expert decision making, and definition of clinical error, as they depend on both the expert’s actions and the context in which they acted. Training models incorporating effectivities and affordances might allow for antiableist formulations of competence that apply learners’ abilities to solving problems in context. This could offer both new means of training and improve access to training for learners of varying abilities. Rural training programs and distance education can leverage technology to provide comparable experience to remote audiences but may benefit from additional efforts to integrate learners into local practice niches.
A Critical Review of Professional Identity Formation Interventions in Medical Education
Authors: Mount George R. , Kahlke Renate , Melton John , Varpio Lara 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Professional identity formation (PIF) can be defined as the integration of the knowledge, skills, values, and behaviors of a profession with one’s preexisting identity and values. Several different, and sometimes conflicting, conceptualizations and theories about PIF populate the literature; applying these different theories in PIF curricula and pedagogic strategies can profoundly impact the PIF of future physicians. The authors conducted a critical review of the recent literature on PIF interventions in medical education to explore the conceptualizations of and theoretical approaches to PIF that underlie them.

Method
The authors searched articles on PIF educational interventions published in 5 major medical education journals between 2010 and March 2021. The articles’ context and findings were extracted, analyzed, and summarized to identify conceptualizations and theoretical approaches to PIF.

Results
The authors identified 43 studies examining medical education interventions aimed at influencing PIF. The majority of the studies (n = 31) focused on undergraduate medical education. Reflective writing and the use of narrative reflections were the dominant modes of student activity in PIF interventions, supporting the dominant individualist approach to PIF. Less commonly PIF was understood as a socialization process or as an active process with both individually and socially focused influences.

Conclusions
Relying on reflective writing as the intervention of choice to impact PIF feeds the dominant individualist perspective on PIF. An unintended consequence of this individualist orientation is that cultural problems embedded in the profession can become burdens for individual physicians to personally bear. Future education and research into PIF should account for theoretical preferences and the impact of these preferences.
Can We Realize Our Collaborative Potential? A Critical Review of Faculty Roles and Experiences in Interprofessional Education
Authors: Cimino Francesca M. , Varpio Lara , W. Konopasky Abigail , Barker Andrea , Stalmeijer Renée E. , Ma Ting-Lan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Faculty within interprofessional education (IPE) are essential contributors to IPE implementation efforts. Although the majority of existing IPE literature consists of reports on IPE innovations, few insights are available into the experiences of the faculty members who deliver IPE. This critical narrative review was designed to synthesize the knowledge available about (1) roles assigned to IPE educators and (2) IPE faculty members’ experiences of fulfilling these roles.

Method
Six databases for English-language studies published between 2000 and March 2021 were searched: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and MedEdPortal. A total of 1,717 manuscripts were identified for possible inclusion. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 214 articles constituted the final literature corpus. Harden and Crosby’s original framework of 6 roles of medical educators augmented with the manager role introduced in Harden and Lilley’s 2018 framework informed the analysis.

Results
IPE faculty take on all 6 roles identified by Harden and Crosby: facilitator, planner, information provider, examiner, role model, and resource developer, as well as the manager role. Faculty were most commonly identified as facilitator and planner, and rarely as role models. The authors identified 3 main struggles experienced by IPE faculty: personal (e.g., confidence as a cross-professions educator), interpersonal (e.g., co-teaching IPE), and institutional (e.g., supporting IPE logistics).

Conclusions
This review highlights the complexity of the roles taken on by IPE faculty and the struggles they experience in the process. The results suggest that attention to the different roles that IPE faculty play in educational interventions and to equipping faculty with the necessary competencies, tools, and support, is fundamental to the success of IPE. Future research should harness the explanatory power of theories to help explain dynamics at play between personal, interpersonal, and institutional barriers to identify interventions that can aid IPE faculty in delivering collaboration-ready professionals.
Rates of Postoperative Complications and Approach-related Neurological Symptoms After L4–L5 Lateral Transpsoas Lumbar Interbody Fusion Compared With Upper Lumbar Levels
Authors: Nolte Michael T. , Gandhi Sapan D. , Nguyen Austin Q. , Siyaji Zakariah K. , Piracha Ali Z. , Khanna Krishn , Rush Augustus J. , Sheha Evan D. , Phillips Frank M. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective comparative study.

Objective:
To compare the likelihood of approach-related complications for patients undergoing single-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) at L4–L5 to those undergoing the procedure at upper lumbar levels.

Summary of Background Data:
LLIF has been associated with a number of advantages when compared with traditional interbody fusion techniques. However, potential risks with the approach include vascular or visceral injury, thigh dysesthesias, and lumbar plexus injury. There are concerns of a higher risk of these complications at the L4–L5 level compared with upper lumbar levels.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort review was completed for consecutive patients undergoing single-level LLIF between 2004 and 2019 by a single surgeon. Indication for surgery was symptomatic degenerative lumbar stenosis and/or spondylolisthesis. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: LLIF at L4–L5 versus a single level between L1 and L4. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative complications, postoperative approach-related neurological symptoms, and patient-reported outcomes were compared and analyzed between the cohorts.

Results:
A total of 122 were included in analysis, of which 58 underwent LLIF at L4–L5 and 64 underwent LLIF between L1 and L4. There were no visceral or vascular injuries or lumbar plexus injuries in either cohort. There was no significant difference in the rate of postoperative hip pain, anterior thigh dysesthesias, and/or hip flexor weakness between the cohorts (53.5% L4–L5 vs. 37.5% L1–L4; P=0.102). All patients reported complete resolution of these symptoms by 6-month postoperative follow-up.

Discussion:
LLIF surgery at the L4–L5 level is associated with a similar infrequent likelihood of approach-related complications and postoperative hip pain, thigh dysesthesias, and hip flexor weakness when compared with upper lumbar level LLIF. Careful patient selection, meticulous use of real-time neuromonitoring, and an understanding of the anatomic location of the lumbar plexus to the working corridor are critical to success.