bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stirring and Mixing in the Wake of Angaur and Peleliu Islands, Palau
Authors: Johnston T.  M. Shaun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemperature or salinity variability on isopycnals is referred to as spice, which acts as a tracer in the absence of mixing. The westward North Equatorial Current and eastward North Equatorial Countercurrent are incident upon Palau, where the meridional extent of the topography exceeds 100 km and the thermohaline structure on the up‐ and downstream sides of the islands can be distinct. Westward flow of high salinity water past two islands at the south point of Palau injects a spice anomaly into the wake in the form of a 15 km wide jet with changes of salinity of 0.1 psu across the headland and the jet. With three repeated surveys, several terms in the spice balance are estimated for the jet. Horizontal diffusivity has a typical value of about 11 m2 s−1 for 15‐km length scales, while the vertical diffusivity is about 10−5 m2 s−1 from the balance, with similar maximum estimates for the latter from a shear‐based parameterization. Typical vertical diffusivities at this latitude are about 10−6 m2 s−1, which is the area mean from the shear‐based parameterization. Amidst this typical background diffusion, the spice variance increases linearly in the wake over three successive surveys. The surveys occurred over similar but not identical areas, following the shifting flow. The spice anomaly is detected 100–200 km downstream and is consistent with the mesoscale flow obtained from altimetric absolute geostrophic currents. Spice anomalies are a useful way of tracing flows encountering abrupt topography.
Sodium accumulation in breast cancer predicts malignancy and treatment response
Authors: James Andrew D. , Leslie Theresa K. , Kaggie Joshua D. , Wiggins Laura , Patten Lewis , Murphy O’Duinn John , Langer Swen , Labarthe Marie-Christine , Riemer Frank , Baxter Gabrielle , McLean Mary A. , Gilbert Fiona J. , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Brackenbury William J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death in women and novel imaging biomarkers are urgently required. Here, we demonstrate the diagnostic and treatment-monitoring potential of non-invasive sodium (23Na) MRI in preclinical models of breast cancer.

Methods
Female Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− and Balb/c mice bearing orthotopic breast tumours (MDA-MB-231, EMT6 and 4T1) underwent MRI as part of a randomised, controlled, interventional study. Tumour biology was probed using ex vivo fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiology.

Results
23Na MRI revealed elevated sodium concentration ([Na+]) in tumours vs non-tumour regions. Complementary proton-based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) linked elevated tumour [Na+] to increased cellularity. Combining 23Na MRI and DWI measurements enabled superior classification accuracy of tumour vs non-tumour regions compared with either parameter alone. Ex vivo assessment of isolated tumour slices confirmed elevated intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]i); extracellular [Na+] ([Na+]e) remained unchanged. Treatment with specific inward Na+ conductance inhibitors (cariporide, eslicarbazepine acetate) did not affect tumour [Na+]. Nonetheless, effective treatment with docetaxel reduced tumour [Na+], whereas DWI measures were unchanged.

Conclusions
Orthotopic breast cancer models exhibit elevated tumour [Na+] that is driven by aberrantly elevated [Na+]i. Moreover, 23Na MRI enhances the diagnostic capability of DWI and represents a novel, non-invasive biomarker of treatment response with superior sensitivity compared to DWI alone.
Description and optimization of a multiplex bead-based flow cytometry method (MBFCM) to characterize extracellular vesicles in serum samples from patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Li Lin , Görgens André , Mussack Veronika , Pepeldjiyska Elena , Hartz Anne Sophie , Rank Andreas , Schmohl Jörg , Krämer Doris , Andaloussi Samir El , Pfaffl Michael W. , Schmetzer Helga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtracellular Vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles produced by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs might reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress antileukemic immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. EVs collected from the serum of leukemic samples might correlate with disease stage, drug-/immunological resistance, or might correlate with antileukemic immunity/immune response. Special EV surface protein patterns in serum have the potential as noninvasive biomarker candidates to distinguish several disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. EVs were isolated from the serum of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) patients, and healthy volunteers. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. Aiming to provide proof-of-concept evidence and methodology for the potential role of serum-derived EVs as biomarkers in leukemic versus healthy samples in this study, we hope to pave the way for future detection of promising biomarkers for imminent disease progression and the identification of potential targets to be used in a therapeutic strategy.
Proprioceptive manipulations in orthograde posture modulate postural control in low back pain patients: a pilot study
Authors: Bouisset Nicolas , Roland-Gosselin Augustin , Ouaknine Maurice , Safin Jean Luc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs we stand upright, perceptual afferences are crucial to successfully help generating postural motor commands. Non-Specific Low Back Pain patients frequently demonstrate a lack of proprioceptive acuity, often translating into postural control deficiencies. For the first time, to our knowledge, we studied the postural effects of proprioceptive manipulations in orthograde posture on Non-Specific Low Back Pain patients. Using static posturography recordings, we computed sway speed, speed variance, and the main direction of sway. We also addressed the patient’s subjective feedbacks after being manipulated. Five minutes after the proprioceptive manipulations, our results revealed decreased speed and speed variance outcomes, but the main direction of sway was not modulated. Furthermore, after the proprioceptive manipulations, the patients also self-reported improved clinical outcomes. These findings provide new knowledge opening new fields of research as well as potential treatment strategies in Low Back Pain patients.
LM-GVP: an extensible sequence and structure informed deep learning framework for protein property prediction
Authors: Wang Zichen , Combs Steven A. , Brand Ryan , Calvo Miguel Romero , Xu Panpan , Price George , Golovach Nataliya , Salawu Emmanuel O. , Wise Colby J. , Ponnapalli Sri Priya , Clark Peter M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProteins perform many essential functions in biological systems and can be successfully developed as bio-therapeutics. It is invaluable to be able to predict their properties based on a proposed sequence and structure. In this study, we developed a novel generalizable deep learning framework, LM-GVP, composed of a protein Language Model (LM) and Graph Neural Network (GNN) to leverage information from both 1D amino acid sequences and 3D structures of proteins. Our approach outperformed the state-of-the-art protein LMs on a variety of property prediction tasks including fluorescence, protease stability, and protein functions from Gene Ontology (GO). We also illustrated insights into how a GNN prediction head can inform the fine-tuning of protein LMs to better leverage structural information. We envision that our deep learning framework will be generalizable to many protein property prediction problems to greatly accelerate protein engineering and drug development.
Impairment of sleep homeostasis in cervical dystonia patients
Authors: Caverzasio Serena , Amato Ninfa , Chiaro Giacomo , Staedler Claudio , Kaelin-Lang Alain , Galati Salvatore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlterations in brain plasticity seem to play a role in the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia (CD). Since evidences indicate that sleep regulates brain plasticity, we hypothesized that an alteration in sleep homeostatic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD. We explored sleep in control subjects (CTL) and CD patients before (Tpre-BoNT) and after (Tpost-BoNT) botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment. A physiological slow wave activity (SWA) power decrease throughout the night was observed in CTL but not in CD at Tpre-BoNT. BoNT restored the physiological SWA decrease in CD at Tpost-BoNT. Furthermore, in the first part of the night, CD at Tpost-BNT showed a frontal increase and parietal decrease in SWA power compared to CD at Tpre-BoNT, with a SWA distribution comparable to that observed in CTL. Our data highlighted a pathophysiological relationship between SWA during sleep and CD and provided novel insight into the transient central plastic effect of BoNT.
Hybrid selection based multi/many-objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Dutta Saykat , Mallipeddi Rammohan , Das Kedar Nath 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, numerous multi/many-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed to handle multi/many-objective problems (MOPs) with challenges such as discontinuous Pareto Front (PF), degenerate PF, etc. MOEAs in the literature can be broadly divided into three categories based on the selection strategy employed such as dominance, decomposition, and indicator-based MOEAs. Each category of MOEAs have their advantages and disadvantages when solving MOPs with diverse characteristics. In this work, we propose a Hybrid Selection based MOEA, referred to as HS-MOEA, which is a simple yet effective hybridization of dominance, decomposition and indicator-based concepts. In other words, we propose a new environmental selection strategy where the Pareto-dominance, reference vectors and an indicator are combined to effectively balance the diversity and convergence properties of MOEA during the evolution. The superior performance of HS-MOEA compared to the state-of-the-art MOEAs is demonstrated through experimental simulations on DTLZ and WFG test suites with up to 10 objectives.
There is more to life than serum vitamin D: a lesson from the past
Authors: Hewison Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This commentary revisits a paper from Clinical Science in 1972 entitled “The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues” by Barbara Mawer, Bill Stanbury and colleagues. The paper continues to be well cited 50 years later, in part because the study it describes – which includes the use of human autopsy tissue – would be difficult to replicate today. However, the paper also has resonance today because the focus of the study – what is the fate of vitamin D in the body? – is still not clear. This commentary discusses why the Mawer et al. study was a major advance when published and why there is still much to be learned from this paper half a century later.
ANGPTL1 attenuates cancer migration, invasion, and stemness through regulating FOXO3a-mediated SOX2 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chang Ting-Yu , Lan Kuo-Cheng , Chiu Chen-Yuan , Sheu Meei-Ling , Liu Shing-Hwa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) is a member of the ANGPTL family that suppresses angiogenesis, cancer invasion, metastasis, and cancer progression. ANGPTL1 is down-regulated in various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the effects and mechanisms of ANGPTL1 on liver metastasis and cancer stemness in CRC are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified that ANGPTL1 was down-regulated in CRC and inversely correlated with metastasis and poor clinical outcomes in CRC patients form the ONCOMINE database and Human Tissue Microarray staining. ANGPTL1 significantly suppressed the migration/invasion abilities, the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, and sphere formation by enhancing FOXO3a expression, which contributed to the reduction of stem cell transcription factor SOX2 expression in CRC cells. Consistently, overexpression of ANGPTL1 reduced liver metastasis, tumor growth, and tumorigenicity in tumor-bearing mice. ANGPTL1 expression was negatively correlated with CSC markers expression and poor clinical outcomes in CRC patients. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the molecular mechanisms of ANGPTL1 in colorectal cancer stem cell progression may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Comparing SRI funds to conventional funds using a PCA methodology
Authors: Helliar Christine , Petracci Barbara , Tantisantiwong Nongnuch 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate characteristic differences between Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) funds and conventional funds across 35 different categories, including previously unexplored areas, such as fund manager skills and investment strategies. Further, we examine SRI and conventional funds globally rather than from just one country (e.g., US) or one region (e.g., Europe), covering funds listed in 22 different countries. We also adopt a new Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodology for matching SRI funds against their conventional counterparts that significantly increases the sample size from previous studies, reducing selection bias and possibly explaining contradictory findings in the prior literature. Contributing to the literature, our findings show that: (i) SRI funds have more diversified portfolios than conventional funds; (ii) SRI funds have lower cash holdings while investing more in US equities; and (iii) SRI fund managers charge a smaller fee and are more successful in managing their portfolios. This is reassuring for investors who invest in SRI funds and for the future health and sustainability of the planet.
Evidence for continent-wide convergent evolution and stasis throughout 150 y of a biological invasion
Authors: Wu Yihan , Colautti Robert I. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Adaptive evolution can help species to persist and spread in new environments, but it is unclear how the rate and duration of adaptive evolution vary throughout species ranges and on the decadal timescales most relevant to managing biodiversity for the 21st century. Using herbarium records, we reconstruct 150 y of evolution in an invasive plant as it spread across North America. Flowering phenology evolves to adapt to local growing seasons throughout the range but stalls after about a century. This punctuated, convergent evolution recapitulates long-term dynamics in the fossil record, implicating limits to evolutionary rates that are not evident for the first century of spread.
High precision roundness measurement by error separation techniques (EURAMET.L-S30)
Authors: Prieto Emilio , Muñoz Rafael , Koops Richard , Toftegaard Jens Bo , Astrua Milena , Nouira Hichem , Salgado José 
Published: April 2022

Main text
The results of the supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S30 on roundness measurement on two spheres by using error separation techniques are reported. Five National Metrology Institutes from EURAMET participated in this comparison, which lasted nine months from March 2020 to November 2020.
Two alumina spheres with diameters of 20 mm and 25 mm, respectively, were circulated. The sphere standards were permanently glued to base supports made of steel and they had to be clamped by each laboratory's own usual methods. The measurand was the roundness defect, measured on the equator. Peak-to-valley roundness deviation (RONt) had to be evaluated with reference to the least squares reference circle (LSCI) and, if possible, to the minimum zone reference circles (MZCI), in accordance with the ISO/TS 12181-1:2011.
Each laboratory had to use an error separation technique to remove the contribution of the spindle error. In case of using a multistep technique it was advisable to inform on the number of steps used.
All participants successfully demonstrated the validity of the claimed measurement capability. Three of them submitted their approved CMCs and two others smaller values which were shown to be valid when compared to the reference value. One participant did not use an error separation technique, showing, as expected, a higher uncertainty with respect to the rest of the participants but according to its declared CMC.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report of AFRIMETS.M.D-S4 - hydrometer calibrations
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed , Becerra Luis Omar , Mautjana Ramaite Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Main text
A supplementary comparison for hydrometer calibration using Cuckow's method was proposed during the 10th AFRIMETS Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (TCM) meeting held at the National Institute of Standards (NIS, Egypt). Two laboratories only from AFRIMETS, NIS and the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), had the capacity to participate in the comparison. Generously, Centro Nacional de Metrologia (CENAM, Mexico) accepted to participate in the comparison and provided reference values. This comparison, designated as AFRIMETS.M.D-S4, was coordinated by the NIS supported by all participants. The corrections to be applied to three stated scale readings at 20 °C of different transfer standards in the density range between 0.600 g/cm3 to 1.300 g/cm3 were determined. NIS carried out the measurement at the beginning and at the end of the comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
EURAMET.M.FF-S13 final report
Authors: Huovinen M , Frahm E 
Published: April 2022

Main text
The purpose of the Supplementary Comparison (S13) for water flow measurement (EURAMET 1473 and EURAMET.M.FF-S13) is to support the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entry of VTT MIKES, the National Metrology Institute of Finland. For this goal, a bilateral comparison between VTT MIKES and PTB Braunschweig was realized. The laboratory "Hydrodynamic Test Field" of department 1.5 "Liquid Flow" acted as the reference facility. The results of the comparison showed good equivalencies and supports the CMC claim of VTT MIKES.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Transport and radiation properties of C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures with added oxygen
Authors: Narayanan Venkat R T , Gnybida Mykhailo , Rümpler Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Owing to global and local legislative mandates pertaining to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, the focus of industries dealing with electrical power management has shifted towards SF6 replacement within electrical or electro-mechanical equipment since 2010. In particular, fluoronitrile- (C4F7N) or fluoroketone- (C5F10O) based gas mixtures have been identified as the most promising candidates for this purpose in both medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The temperature and pressure ranges of interest are 300 K–30 kK and 1–5 bars respectively, which are relevant to the short-circuit current arcing conditions within an MV-GIS. In this work, we focus on a gas mixture with a fluoronitrile mole fraction lower than 20%, with or without O2 having a mole fraction lower than 20% and the rest of the mixture was carbon dioxide (CO2). Throughout this work, we validate our calculation results with published data for 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures at 1 bar and 5 bars and hint at the possible sources of discrepancies. Our local thermodynamic equilibrium based chemical composition results indicate that the addition of 20% O2 to C4F7N-CO2 mixtures significantly reduced CO formation while increasing COF2 formation. However, the addition of 20% O2 induced marginal modifications to the thermodynamic, transport and radiation properties of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures. Finally, after utilizing the properties database to calculate steady-state temperature profiles for a low-current (10 A) free-burning arc without metallic vapor, we demonstrate that the arc columns of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures with or without O2 are less diffuse compared to air but more diffuse compared to SF6. We explain the order of diffuse-to-constricted profiles and arc interruption capabilities for different gases in terms of their thermal conductivities and diffusivities.
In-situ 3D shape measurement system for a high-temperature object in a plasma wind tunnel via DMD-projection laser structured light and adaptive speckle filtering
Authors: Liu Fujia , Yang Jianhong , Xiao Xueren , Zhang Jun , Liu Yang , Wang Hongsen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of an object’s 3D shape change during ablation in wind tunnel testing is critical for the optimization of the thermal protection system. However, strong thermal radiation and a harsh environment cause challenges to the traditional measurement methods. A single camera digital micro-mirror device (DMD) projector-structured laser light system is proposed for in-situ 3D shape measurement in a wind tunnel test. A customized DMD combined with a laser source is devised for projecting concentrated full-field high-power structured light stripes. To filter laser speckle noise in projected chessboard images for model calibration, an auto-window Kuwahara adaptive filter is put forward. The 3D shape of a blunt-head cylinder was in-situ measured in a plasma wind tunnel which reached a maximum temperature of 1950 °C. The diameter reconstruction error was within 0.85% (0.17/20.03 mm). With projected laser light and multi-step filters, the ablation process of the front face of a dome-top cylinder at 1950 °C was clearly observed at a long working distance over 1.5 m.