bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to the elephant in the room: response-shift effects in clinical trials research
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Huang I.-Chan , Rohde Gudrun , Skolasky Richard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
While a substantial body of work postulates that adaptation (response-shift effects) may serve to hide intervention benefits, much of the research was conducted in observational studies, not randomized-controlled trials. This scoping review identified all clinical trials that addressed response shift phenomena, and characterized how response-shift effects impacted trial findings.

Methods
A scoping review was done of the medical literature from 1968 to 2021 using as keywords “response shift” and “clinical trial.” Articles were included if they were a clinical trial that explicitly examined response-shift effects; and excluded if they were not a clinical trial, a full report, or if response shift was mentioned only in the discussion. Clinical-trials papers were then reviewed and retained in the scoping review if they focused on randomized participants, showed clear examples of response shift, and used reliable and valid response-shift detection methods. A synthesis of review results further characterized the articles’ design characteristics, samples, interventions, statistical power, and impact of response-shift adjustment on treatment effect.

Results
The search yielded 2148 unique references, 25 of which were randomized-controlled clinical trials that addressed response-shift effects; 17 of which were retained after applying exclusion criteria; 10 of which were adequately powered; and 7 of which revealed clinically-important response-shift effects that made the intervention look significantly better.

Conclusions
These findings supported the presumption that response shift phenomena obfuscate treatment benefits, and revealed a greater intervention effect after integrating response-shift related changes. The formal consideration of response-shift effects in clinical trials research will thus not only improve estimation of treatment effects, but will also integrate the inherent healing process of treatments.

Key points

This scoping review supported the presumption that response shift phenomena obfuscate treatment benefits and revealed a greater intervention effect after integrating response-shift related changes.

The formal consideration of response-shift effects in clinical trials research will not only improve estimation of treatment effects but will also integrate the inherent healing process of treatments.
Age and stage-specific life table parameters of Harmonia dimidiata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at different temperatures
Authors: Khan Javed , Khan Ashraf , Ahmed Nazeer , Alhag Sadeq K. , Almadiy Abdulrahman A. , Sayed Samy , Alam Pravej , Ullah Farman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe life history and predation rate of the ladybird beetle,Harmonia dimidiataFabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were compared at four different temperatures (16, 20, 24, and 28 °C). The beetles were fed on the bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padiLinnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and investigated at 70 ± 10% RH with a photoperiod of 14:10 h (L:D).ResultsThe reproductive rates (R0) were 20.07, 51.37, 66.95, and 14.54 beetle offspring at 16, 20, 24, and 28 °C, respectively. Results indicated that temperature had good impacts on the feeding potential, development, survivorship and fecundity, especially at 24 and 28 C compared with the other tested temperatures. In addition, the jackknife and bootstrap techniques were employed to estimate the population parameters' means. The obtained means ofR0and other population parameters, using the bootstrap technique fit a normal distribution. Meanwhile, the jackknife technique generated biologically meaningless zero values forR0. Both finite and predation rates were incorporated into limited predation rates for comparison of predation potential.ConclusionBoth of the growth and predation rates indicated thatH. dimidiatais more effective biocontrol agent forR. padiat 24 and 28 °C than at 20, 16 °C.
Correlation between endothelial dysfunction and occurrence of no-reflow in patients undergoing post-thrombolysis early invasive percutaneous intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Elbendary Mohamed Abdel Wahab , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , Sabet Sameh Saleh , Bastawy Islam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Endothelial dysfunction and no-reflow share microcirculatory obstruction as a common pathophysiological mechanism. This study evaluated the relationship between systemic peripheral endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and no-reflow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who received successful fibrinolysis.

Results
This study included 150 patients managed by the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after successful fibrinolysis. Patients were divided according to coronary angiographic success into normal flow versus no-reflow groups. According to FMD measured through brachial artery ultrasound, patients were divided based on their endothelial function into endothelial dysfunction versus normal endothelial function. No-reflow occurred in 44 patients (29.3%). No-reflow patients had longer pain to door time (6.52 ± 1.82 vs 5.19 ± 1.85 h), more Killip class II (36.4% vs 16%, p = 0.006), and lower FMD (7.26 ± 1.92 vs 8.23 ± 2.76%, p = 0.036). Also, they showed more endothelial dysfunction; however, this difference was statistically nonsignificant (97.7% vs 87.7%, p = 0.055). One hundred and thirty-six patients (90.7%) had endothelial dysfunction. They were older (57.51 ± 5.92 vs 50.86 ± 4.55 years, p value ≤ 0.001), more smokers (41.2% vs 14.3%, p = 0.04). Patients with normal endothelial function had a more myocardial blush grade (MBG) 3 (78.6% vs 26.5%, p value = 0.001) in comparison with more MBG 2 in those with endothelial dysfunction (41.9% vs 14.3%, p value = 0.001). Endothelial dysfunction patients had nonsignificant more no-reflow (31.6% vs 7.1%, p-value: 0.06). There was a significant weak positive correlation between thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and FMD (r = 0.174, p = 0.033) and a significant moderate positive correlation between MBG and FMD (r = 0.366, p < 0.001). Patients with TIMI I flow had significantly lower FMD compared with patients with TIMI II and TIMI III flow post-PCI. FMD ≤ 6% could predict post-procedural TIMI I flow.

Conclusions
In STEMI patients who underwent PCI within 24 h after successful fibrinolysis, those who had no-reflow showed worse peripheral systemic endothelial function as they had lower brachial artery FMD. Also, FMD showed a significant positive correlation with the post-procedural angiographic flow (TIMI flow and MBG). FMD ≤ 6% could predict TIMI I flow.
Air pollution and public health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Husaini Danladi Chiroma , Reneau Kyle , Balam Daren 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the years, air pollution has garnered increased attention from researchers who continue to provide studies and suggestive data that prove there is an ever-increasing risk of air pollution on the health of humans, terrestrial, and aquatic animals. A measurement involved in the quantity of certain traceable particles within the air, namely: Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and 10, ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, all converted to Air Quality Index. Most studies are predominantly from developed nations with limited research conducted in developing nations such as those in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Main body
In this systematic review, we examined the impact of air pollution on public health. A database search produced 1,118 studies, of which four were selected for a quantitative meta-analysis that explored hazard ratios concerning exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5. The meta-analysis results show that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of an adverse health event by as much as 2% five days after exposure. Results also indicated a consensus on the negative impacts of air pollution on public health. The results also suggest that more can be done within the region to combat or at the very least minimize the impact of air pollution to public health.

Conclusion
The pooled data from the studies reviewed show that there is an increased risk of an adverse health event on the day of exposure to PM2.5 and every subsequent day after exposure. A pattern exists between hospitalization and air pollution due to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and asthma development. Combating the harmful effects of air pollution should be a top priority in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Management research and the impact of COVID-19 on performance: a bibliometric review and suggestions for future research
Authors: Appiah Kingsley Opoku , Addai Bismark , Ekuban Wesley , Aidoo Suzzie Owiredua , Amankwah-Amoah Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough there has been a burgeoning scholarly interest in the effects of COVID-19, the current stream of research remains scattered in different business and management fields and domains. Accordingly, integrative knowledge is needed to drive poignant and relevant examinations of the phenomenon. This study attempts to fill this gap by providing a synthesis of the literature, patterns of research studies, and direction for further development of the field. This study also provides a systematic identification and bibliometric and thematic review of literature, performance analysis, science mapping, and cluster analysis. The study additionally provides suggestions for future research to guide relevant discourse.
Online sales adoption and financial resilience in Sub-Sahara Africa: the moderating role of ownership and enterprise size during Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Forson Joseph Ato , Gadzo Samuel Gameli , Anaman Emmanuel Atta , Adams Abass 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is an established fact that the Covid-19 pandemic had a persistent economic uncertainty effect than health uncertainty. In this study, the researchers examined the effects of expanding sales online on the financial resilience of enterprises in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) during the economic downturn. The researchers measured financial resilience by the extent of sales and cash-flows decline during the pandemic. The researchers collected 4751 unweighted data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey and it Covid-19 follow-up survey. Findings from the bivariate probit model and the predictive margin probabilities showed that most enterprises in SSA adopted or expanded proportion of sales online during the pandemic. Increasing the proportion of online sales exerted a decreasing effect on sales and cash-flow declines and thus improved financial resilience at a threshold of 40% during the pandemic. Large enterprises were observed to be more resilient than small and medium enterprises, yet domestic and foreign enterprises had the same level of financial resilience during the pandemic. For enterprises in Africa to realise the 40% threshold of online sales, the researchers encourage enterprises to invest in advertisement for product legitimacy.
Novel electrodiagnostic provocative techniques for the diagnosis of suspected tarsal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Hasab ElNaby Mona M. , Abdel Rahman Amr Farouk , Ibrahim Rehab Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Electrodiagnostic tests  (EDXTs) have been considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS); however, definitive tests has not yet been discovered. Our aim was to develop new nerve conduction provocative techniques in the double and single leg stance as well as combined ankle dorsiflexion with foot eversion accompanied by compression for the diagnosis of suspected TTS.

Results
Routine combined nerve conduction studies (NCSs) using medial plantar (MP) and lateral plantar (LP) nerves had a 60.9% sensitivity for the diagnosis of TTS. The diagnostic sensitivity increased when combining the three novel tests reaching 82.6% and 78.3% using either MP or LP NCSs respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity further increased to reach 100% when combining the MP and LP novel NCSs considering either the latency or amplitude.

Conclusion
The full diagnostic sensitivity for TTS reached 100% by using a battery of novel tests. The proposed diagnostic workup by this study recommends using these biomechanically challenging tests to complete the diagnostic battery of tests especially in symptomatic patients with negative routine tests.
Home design features post-COVID-19
Authors: Alhadedy Nancy H. , Gabr Hisham S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe long stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic implied that most people had to perform all their daily activities at home. That raised the need for special home features related to the health, safety, and well-being of residents. This study aimed to explore the most essential features of home design during the pandemic and to measure the perception of their importance by Cairenes (Egypt) and construction industry experts for their further implementation in the future home design as part of the buyers’ preferences and house quality features. The study employed an exploratory survey, identifying eight design features, followed by a quantitative questionnaire to measure the importance of each feature among the stakeholders. The results showed that all eight indicators were of a certain degree of importance. It was found that the availability of natural ventilation and natural light were the most essential features, followed by the availability of a private outdoor space, such as a terrace with a good-looking view or a private garden, and the availability of at least one bedroom with an enclosed bathroom for the isolation needs. In contrast, the availability of an extra storage space for food and supplies, as well as the availability of an indoor family entertainment space was reported as the least important.
Prediction of Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy in Grade Group 2 and 3 Prostate Biopsies Using Machine Learning
Authors: Paulson Nathan , Zeevi Tal , Papademetris Maria , Leapman Michael S. , Onofrey John A. , Sprenkle Preston C. , Humphrey Peter A. , Staib Lawrence H. , Levi Angelique W. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSEThere is ongoing clinical need to improve estimates of disease outcome in prostate cancer. Machine learning (ML) approaches to pathologic diagnosis and prognosis are a promising and increasingly used strategy. In this study, we use an ML algorithm for prediction of adverse outcomes at radical prostatectomy (RP) using whole-slide images (WSIs) of prostate biopsies with Grade Group (GG) 2 or 3 disease.METHODSWe performed a retrospective review of prostate biopsies collected at our institution which had corresponding RP, GG 2 or 3 disease one or more cores, and no biopsies with higher than GG 3 disease. A hematoxylin and eosin–stained core needle biopsy from each site with GG 2 or 3 disease was scanned and used as the sole input for the algorithm. The ML pipeline had three phases: image preprocessing, feature extraction, and adverse outcome prediction. First, patches were extracted from each biopsy scan. Subsequently, the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group-16 convolutional neural network was used for feature extraction. A representative feature vector was then used as input to an Extreme Gradient Boosting classifier for predicting the binary adverse outcome. We subsequently assessed patient clinical risk using CAPRA score for comparison with the ML pipeline results.RESULTSThe data set included 361 WSIs from 107 patients (56 with adverse pathology at RP). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the ML classification were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.81), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.00) for the entire cohort, and GG 2 and GG 3 patients, respectively, similar to the performance of the CAPRA clinical risk assessment.CONCLUSIONWe provide evidence for the potential of ML algorithms to use WSIs of needle core prostate biopsies to estimate clinically relevant prostate cancer outcomes.
Optimizing outpatient oncology consult workflow using time-driven activity-based costing: Efficiency and financial impacts.
Authors: Weng Julius , Mesko Shane , Das Prajnan , Chronowski Gregory , Lee Percy , Choi Seungtaek , Koong Albert C. , French Katy E. , Aloia Thomas A. , Ehlers Richard A. , Elrod-Joplin Dorothy , Kerr Ashley , Smith Regina , Martinez Wendi , Shah Shalin J. , Ning Matthew S. , Herman Joseph M. , Moningi Shalini , Moreno Amy Catherine , Nguyen Quynh ,   The MD Anderson TDABC Initiative
Published: September 2022

9 Background: Clinical efficiency is a key component of value-based healthcare, patient satisfaction, staff burnout, and institutional operational capacity. The objective of this study was to identify clinic inefficiencies using time driven activity-based costing (TDABC) and evaluate the implementation of a new clinical workflow in high volume, outpatient radiation oncology clinics. Methods: We conducted an IRB-approved quality improvement study in the Gastrointestinal (GI), Genitourinary (GU), and Thoracic Radiation (TRO) Oncology departments at a large academic cancer center and four additional network sites (HALs). TDABC methodology was used to create process maps and optimize consult workflow. Patient encounter metrics were captured utilizing a real-time status function in the electronic medical record (Epic Systems). Anonymous patient satisfaction telephone surveys were administered to patients at the HALs. Hourly wages were determined based on 2021 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pre- vs post-implementation metrics were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Consult data for 1328 patients pre-intervention and 1234 post-intervention across all sections was included. Median overall cycle time was reduced by 21% in GI (19 min, p < 0.001), 18% in GU (16 min, p < 0.001), and 12% in HALs (9 min, p < 0.001). The median interval between rooming and being seen by the attending physician decreased by 13% in GI (7 min, p < 0.001), 16% in GU (9 min, p < 0.001), 21% in TRO (10 min, p < 0.001), and 9% in HALS (4 min, p < 0.005). For each consult, there was a median financial savings of $29 for GI, $24 for GU, $5 for TRO, and $14 for HALs per consult. From patient satisfaction surveys (95/177), 99% of patients reported their providers spent adequate time with them, 85% reported their appointment began on time, and 91% reported being seen by a care provider in a timely manner. Conclusions: TDABC is a successful method to identify opportunities to improve clinical efficiency. Implementing workflow changes based upon these findings led to substantial reduction in overall encounter cycle times and patient wait times across multiple departments. Furthermore, patient satisfaction was high and there were significant financial savings with the new workflow. These findings may also have implications for reducing staff burnout and expanding clinical capacity across the magnitude of clinical enterprise.[Table: see text]
Cost-of-care analysis between patients with cancer with COVID-19 utilizing a remote patient-monitoring program versus usual care.
Authors: Pritchett Joshua , Khera Nandita , Moriarty James P. , Dholakia Ruchita , Haddad Tufia C. , Borah Bijan J. 
Published: September 2022

26 Background: We previously demonstrated that utilization of a Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) program – characterized by the use of in-home technology for symptom and vital signs assessments with a centralized care team responding to alerts – is associated with a significant reduction in 30-day hospitalization rate among cancer patients with COVID-19. We have subsequently performed a 90-day comparative cost-of-care analysis in this prospectively enrolled, validated cohort of 71 patients who received RPM and 116 patients who received usual care without RPM. Methods: Primary outcomes included 90-day all-cause costs (categorized as hospital and outpatient costs) following the index date (date of COVID-19 diagnosis). Differences in patient characteristics and baseline costs (incurred 90 days prior to index date) were determined using Standardized Differences and controlled for using Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW). IPW balancing was based on baseline covariates known to be associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes, as previously described. Association of costs with RPM was examined by generalized linear modeling while adjusting for relevant variables. Outcomes are reported as the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). Results: Differences in patient characteristics and baseline costs were well-balanced following IPW modeling. The index ATET was found to be comparable among patients receiving RPM and usual care on the date of COVID-19 diagnosis -$89.75 (95% CI: -$144.33 to $323.84; p = 0.452). However, patients receiving RPM experienced a 90-day ATET of -$6,994 (95% CI: -$14,635 to $646; p = 0.073) when compared with patients receiving usual care. Conclusions: There was a trend towards decreased 90-day all-cause costs for cancer patients with COVID-19 who utilized the RPM program as compared with usual care. Larger studies are needed to understand the true cost (and cost savings) associated with this innovative model of care delivery which can be leveraged for cancer care beyond COVID-19.