bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strontium-doped hydroxyapatite as adsorbent effectively to remove lead ions from water
Authors: Zhu Zongqiang , Jiang Huiling , Zhu Yinian , Zhang Lihao , Tang Shen , zhou xiaobin , fan yinming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, a strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAP) was synthesized by the sol-gel method, which used as adsorbent to remove lead ions (Pb2+) from water. The results shown that the adsorption capacities of the Sr-HAP were obviously higher than the HAP, which the adsorption capacities for Pb2+ reached 651.175 mg/g. The proper increasement in the dosage of adsorbent was beneficial to the removal of Pb2+ by Sr-HAP. Meanwhile Sr-HAP had a wide applicable pH range for Pb2+. And the increasement of temperature could increase the adsorption capacity of Sr-HAP for Pb2+ to a certain extent. The Langmuir model was used to fit the isotherm adsorption process of Sr-HAP to Pb2+ in water. Compared with HAP, the specific surface area of Sr-HAP has increased by 11.1 %, and the pore size distribution of Sr-HAP tended to be smaller and more uniform. Hence, Sr-HAP could be used as an ideal adsorbent to remove Pb2+ in wastewater.
new energy power system security operation evaluation based on the SWOT analysis
Authors: Maihemuti Saniye , Wang Weiqing , Wu Jiahui , Wang Haiyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grid-connection of new energy is an important form of promoting the use of clean and renewable energy. However, it will bring huge risks to the power grid security operation. In the study, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis has been employed to construct 24 kind of internal and external evaluation factors and 8 kind of improvement strategies for assess security operation prospective with new energy power system of Hami in Xinjiang province. The weights of the SWOT factors are determined with the fuzzy-AHP method. The fuzzy-MARCOS approach is used to select the most suitable strategies for its effective implementation. Further research reveals that new energy in Hami area not only has ample potential to full development and generate electricity, but also brings security operation problems due to large-scale grid connection. It is, therefore, suggested the 8 kinds of improvement strategy to encourage the government should exploit and develop new resources, improve the investment pay, power generation and transmission technologies to mitigate the current energy crisis and increase energy security for sustainable development of the country. This methodology is applicable with a case study concerning the security operation prospective of Hami power grid and the all phases of the comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis showed the validity of MARCOS method. The obtained results of the all scenarios show that A2 remains the best alternative.
Sensitivity of reservoirs to sedimentation; Spatiotemporal analysis of the driving forces, implications, and the way forward
Authors: Atulley Joan Akandi , Kwaku Adjei A. , Gyamfi Charles , Owusu-Ansah Emanuel D. , Adonadaga Melvin A. , Nii Odai S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reservoirs are significant freshwater sources. Meanwhile, reservoir storage is compromised by sedimentation for which reason reservoir sedimentation has become an important matter in reservoir operation and management. This paper aimed to assess land cover change in two catchments in Northern Ghana in relation to the sedimentation of reservoirs located downstream of their catchments. The two reservoirs comprise a small-sized (Vea reservoir) and a large-sized reservoir (Tono). First, bathymetric surveys were performed on reservoirs to calculate the loss of storage capacity between 1985 and 2020. Then satellite imagery from 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2020 was used to classify land cover in catchments for the respective years. The results revealed an annual sedimentation rate of 0.17% and 0.304% for Tono and Vea, hence indicating a higher sedimentation rate in the smaller reservoir (Vea). During the study period, savannah forest decreased from 34.7% to 21.6% in Tono and a more drastic decline from 29.4%(1985) to 9.9%(2020) in Vea. This reduction was largely influenced by the expansion of farmlands from 18.7% to 47.9% in Vea and 19.2% to 39% in Tono. According to these observations, watershed land cover characteristics have a significant bearing on the rate of sedimentation in reservoirs located downstream of their catchments. Morso, small-sized reservoirs are known to be more vulnerable to sedimentation but the severity of sedimentation in them is exacerbated by extensive tree cover removal in their catchments since that would result in higher sediment generation. Hence, adopting a multisectorial approach to dealing with vegetation change patterns is necessary to sustain reservoirs' storage.
Association of motor index scores with fall incidence among community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Liu Xiao , Abudukeremu Ayiguli , Jiang Yuan , Cao Zhengyu , Wu Maoxiong , Ma Jianyong , Sun Runlu , Chen Zhiteng , Chen Yangxin , Zhang Yuling , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Several kinds of motor dysfunction have been studied for predicting future fall risk in community-dwelling older individuals. However, no study has tested the ability of the fine motor (FINEA) and gross motor (GROSSA) indices to predict the risk of falling, as well as the specific fall type.Objective: We investigated the associations of FINEA/GROSSA scores with fall risk, accidental falls, and unexplained falls.Methods: A total of 6267 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years were included. First, the associations of FINEA and GROSSA scores with total falls, accidental falls and unexplained falls were assessed in a cross-sectional study and further verified in a prospective cohort after 2 years of follow-up by logistic regression.Results: We found that high FINEA index and GROSSA index scores were positively associated with the risk of falls (FINEA: total falls: adjusted OR [aOR]=1.50, P=0.001; accidental falls: aOR=1.22, P=0.163; unexplained falls: aOR=2.25, P<0.001; GROSSA: total falls: OR=1.68, P<0.001; accidental falls: aOR=1.42, P=0.002; unexplained falls: aOR=2.50, P<0.001) in a cross-sectional study. After 2 years of follow-up, high FINEA scores were associated with an increased incidence of total falls and accidental falls but not unexplained falls (total falls: aOR=1.68, P=0.003; accidental falls: aOR=1.76, P=0.005; unexplained falls: aOR=1.46, P=0.201). High GROSSA scores were borderline associated with an increased incidence of total falls and unexplained falls but not accidental falls (total falls: aOR=1.31, P=0.066; accidental falls: OR=1.13, P=0.500; unexplained falls: aOR=1.61, P=0.045).Conclusion: FINEA and GROSSA scores were positively associated with the risk of falls. FINEA or GROSSA may be used as a useful tool to screen for and identify community-dwelling adults at high risk of falling.
Perceptions of the influence of a mobile phone-based messaging platform on caregiver ECD knowledge, attitudes and practices: A qualitative exploration in an informal settlement in Nairobi
Authors: Wambui Elizabeth , Nampijja Margaret , Okelo Kenneth Odhiambo , Muendo Ruth , Onyango Silas , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth W. , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Existing programs supporting initiatives for children younger than three years are inadequate and not accessible to many families, particularly in resource limited settings. Many primary caregivers have little knowledge on how to monitor the development of their children or the importance of engaging children in stimulative activities during the course of early development. Health system limitations make it difficult for health workers to educate and demonstrate stimulative engagement to caregivers. The massive use of technology can be used to facilitate access to growth and development programs for children. We developed and implemented a mobile phone technology to help caregivers monitor and stimulate their children’s development in real time. This study explored the influence that this intervention had on the caregivers’ early child development (ECD) knowledge, attitudes and practices. Methods: The qualitative study reported in this paper was from data collected within a larger mixed methods quasi-experimental study that examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a mobile phone platform on caregiver knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and ECD outcomes in a low income community in Nairobi. We conducted qualitative interviews through eight focus group discussions, three key informant interviews interviews and 9 indepth interviews among a total of 111 participants including primary caregivers (n=87), community health volunteers (CHVs)(n=21) health managers and workers (n=3) to determine their attitudes and experience with the intervention with regards to improving their KAP. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Results: Caregivers and CHVs reported that the intervention had provided them with new knowledge that positively influenced their ECD caregiving attitudes and practices. CHVs and health workers and managers reported that the intervention had provided caregivers with confidence in caring for their children while increasing their knowledge on how to monitor and stimulate their childrens development. Conclusion: Mobile phone technology can be effectively used to enhance caregivers’ knowledge of ECD and enable them to monitor and support their children’s development in real time. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) database (ID number: PACTR201905787868050)
Analysis of chain mechanical characteristics of mine scraper conveyor under material loading and chain clamping conditions
Authors: XIE Chunxue , LIU Zhixiang , XIE Miao , MAO Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taking into account the safety factor of the conventional calculation of chain is in accordance with the two chain to bear external load is calculated, and the actual situation of the two chains of load is not uniform, this paper uses nonlinear dynamic finite element software ABAQUS, the simulation system of scraper chain under bias load, torsional vibration in the process of chain distribution should be produced stress and strain. A torsional vibration model of Kelvin-Voigt scraper chain and system based on the analysis of the vibration characteristics of material loading and clamping the chain scraper chain under torsion. Twist vibration from two adjacent scraper chain as a finite element analysis model of the boundary conditions, the finite element analysis of the stress and strain of the chain, we obtain two kinds of different conditions in the chain link stress strain response and the maximum stress and strain distribution, provide the basis for follow-up in the chain of life prediction, safety factor calculation.
Grinding performance of electroplated diamond tools strengthened with Cr-C deposit using diamond particles in an average size of 150 μm
Authors: Huang Ching An , Shen Chia Hsuan , Huang Wei Ze , Lo Jeng Shun , Lai Po Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electroplated diamond tools with single-layered high density diamond particles in an average size of 150 μm were prepared through a three-step electroplating process, including Ni-undercoating, Ni-diamond co-electrodeposition and Cr-C strengthening electroplating. Martensitic stainless steel (AISI 440C) rods with a diameter of 3 mm were used as substrates for tool fabrications. To evaluate tool grinding performances, linear slot grinding tests on the Al2O3 plates were conducted. The grinding performance of an electroplated diamond tool was determined through its maximum ground length upon tool failure. Experimental results show that an electroplated diamond tool with high density of diamond particles can be prepared by using Ni-diamond co-electrodeposition. After annealing at 500°C for 30 min, the hardness of Cr-C deposit was significantly increased from 597 Hv to 1636 Hv. The anneal-hardened Cr-C deposit is a suitable strengthening layer for fabricating electroplated diamond tools. The grinding performance of an electroplated diamond tool was strongly affected by the Ni-undercoating thickness. The highest maximum ground length of 2231 mm can be achieved by the electroplated diamond tool with a Ni-undercoating thickness of 90 μm. When the Cr-C strengthening deposit wore out, extruded diamond particles on the tool surface could be easily embedded into the Ni-undercoating, leading to fatigue fracture of the AISI 440C substrate.
Loss of SATB2 expression correlates with cytokeratin 7 and PD-L1 tumor cell positivity and aggressive behavior in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hrudka Jan , Matěj Radoslav , Nikov Andrej , Tomyak Igor , Fišerová Hana , Jelínková Karolína , Waldauf Petr 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents a health issue causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Further biomarkers are needed to allow patient risk stratification in terms of prognosis. In this study, we aimed to clarify prognostic significance of colonic-specific transcription factor special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and immune checkpoint molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) analyzing a cohort of 285 patients with surgically treated CRC, analyzing quantitative associations of all three markers and several traditional prognosticators (tumor stage, histological grade, variant morphology, laterality, mismatch-repair/MMR status). The results of the study include negative significant prognostic impact of loss of SATB2 expression in overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS), significantly shortened 5 years OS and CSS and 10 years CSS in patients with CRC expressing CK7, and borderline insignificantly shortened OS in patients with PD-L1 + CRC. PD-L1 showed significant detrimental impact in case of stronger expression. Loss of SATB2 was associated with CK7 expression, advanced tumor stage, high grade, right-sided localization, and borderline insignificantly with PD-L1 expression. CK7 expression was associated with high grade. Both loss of SATB2 and CK7 expression were significant negative prognostic predictors in the multivariate analysis adjusting on associated parameters and patient age. In summary, loss of SATB2 expression and gain of CK7 and PD-L1 expression characterize aggressive phenotype of CRC.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Characterizes Silent Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Glass Austin , Kernizan Daphney , D'Aloisio Gina , Hossain Jobayer , Quillen Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Late-onset cardiovascular complications are of serious concerns for even asymptomatic pediatric cancer survivors (PCS). We investigated whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can delineate the underlying pathophysiology of preclinical cardiovascular abnormalities in PCS.
Methods
We examined CPET data via cycle ergometer in asymptomatic PCS with normal echocardiogram and age-matched controls. Peak and submaximal parameters were analyzed.
Results
Fifty-three PCS and 60 controls were studied. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2), peak work rate (WR), and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) were significantly lower in PCS than controls (1.86 ± 0.53 vs. 2.23 ± 0.61 L/min, 125 ± 45 vs. 154 ± 46 watt, and 1.20 ± 0.35 vs. 1.42 ± 0.43 L/min, respectively; all p < 0.01), whereas peak heart rate (HR) and ventilatory efficiency (a slope of minute ventilation over CO2 production or DVE/DVCO2) were comparable. Peak respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher in PCS (p = 0.0006). Stroke volume (SV) reserve was decreased in PCS, indicated by simultaneous higher dependency on HR (higher ΔHR/ΔWR) and lower peak oxygen pulse (OP) at the peak exercise. Twelve PCS with high peak RQ (≥ 1.3) revealed lower pVO2 and VAT than the rest of PCS despite higher ventilatory efficiency (lower DVE/DVCO2), suggesting fundamental deficiency in oxygen utilization in some PCS.
Conclusions
Poor exercise performance in PCS is mainly attributed to limited stroke volume reserve, but the underlying pathophysiology is multi-factorial. Combined assessment of peak and submaximal CPET parameters provided critical information in delineating underlying exercise physiology of PCS. (244 words)
Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Ensemble Classifier for Network Intrusion Detection
Authors: Museba Tinofirei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Real time networks generate very large amounts of traffic and are always susceptible to attacks and intrusions making the security and privacy of a network system a major concern. Recently, attacks on computer networks has increased significantly. To mitigate the effects of network attacks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are used to enforce computer security by identifying and repealing malicious activities in real time computer networks. Network Intrusion approaches are getting more sophisticated and there is now a dire need for developing intrusion detection systems with optimal efficacy. To detect network attacks and intrusions, a number of contemporary intrusion detection systems have been proposed, among them, machine learning approach based ensemble learning techniques have been applied. The upsurge in the sophistication of attacks has created an intense need for the deployment of more dependable and robust network paradigms capable of detecting networking attacks more effectively and efficiently. Despite an avalanche of machine learning based ensembles, it remains a difficult task to formulate an optimal ensemble configuration capable of explicitly detecting network attacks. Existing machine learning approaches cannot achieve consistent generalization across multiple classes from large-scale imbalanced multiclass datasets that are associated with concept drift. To enhance the efficiency of network intrusion detection, this paper proposes a Particle Swarm optimized ensemble called Dynamic Heterogeneous Ensemble Particle Swarm Optimization (DHEPSO) algorithm where particles exhibit different search characteristics. Particles are at liberty to follow different search behaviors selected from a behavior pool, thereby efficiently addressing the exploration and exploitation tradeoff problem. Empirical studies conducted on the new version of NSLKDD99 that reflects modern day traffic trends showed that our proposed approach achieved comparative performance when compared with existing network intrusion detection techniques.
Malaria, Hepatitis B and their Co-infection among Pregnant Women Visiting Maternity Centers in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Olajide Joseph , Bakare Tolulope Patience 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The research was aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, hepatitis B and their co-infection among pregnant women visiting maternity centers in Akure South Local Government. Five hundred pregnant women were examined from Comprehensive Health Centre, Arakale and Mother and Child Hospital, Oke- Aro for malaria and hepatitis B. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared to detect the presence of malaria parasites, hepatitis B virus kit was used to detect hepatitis B virus antigen.
Results
The results showed that 65.6% of the pregnant women were infected with malaria parasites, while 3.8% were infected with hepatitis B virus. It was further observed that 2.2% pregnant women who had malaria also had Hepatitis B. Malaria was more prevalent among the age group 21-25years (68.1%), and women in their third trimester (66.7%), while hepatitis B virus was more prevalent among age group 41-45years (14.3%) and women in their second trimester (4.6%). The study revealed high prevalence of malaria and low prevalence of Hepatitis B infections among pregnant women in this study area. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the two infections among pregnant women should be intensified to prevent maternal and neonate mortality.
Strong relationship between dyslipidemia and the ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Takahata Masahiko , Fujita Ryo , Koike Yoshinao , Suzuki Ryota , Hasegawa Yuichi , Murakami Toshifumi , Ishii Misaki , Yamada Katsuhisa , Sudo Hideki , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disturbances are prevalent in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF); however, the involvement of dyslipidemia (DL) in OPLL/OLF remains uncertain. We investigated the association between dyslipidemia and OPLL/OLF using a dataset of 458 individuals receiving health screening tests, including computed tomography. Subjects were grouped according to the presence or location of OPLL/OLF: controls (no OPLL/OLF, n = 230), OLF (n = 167), cervical OPLL (n = 28), and thoracic OPLL (n = 33). They were also grouped according to the presence of dyslipidemia (DL(+), n = 215; DL(−), n = 243). The proportion of dyslipidemia in the OLF and OPLL groups was 1.6–2.2 times higher than that in the control group. The proportion of OLF and OPLL in the DL(+) group was significantly higher than that in the DL(−) group (OLF, 43% vs. 29%; cervical OPLL, 14.4% vs. 3.2%; thoracic OPLL, 11.1% vs. 3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an association between all ossification types and dyslipidemia. This study demonstrated an association of dyslipidemia with OPLL/OLF; further investigation on the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and ectopic spinal ligament ossification is warranted to develop a therapeutic intervention for OPLL/OLF.
The Experiences and Challenges of Community Health Volunteers as Agents for Behaviour Change Programming in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ndu Mary , Andoniou Ellena , McNally Sorcha , Popelka Francisco Olea , Tippett Marisa , Nouvet Elysee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Community health volunteers (CHVs) are considered a vital part of the community health structure in Africa. Globally, community health volunteers are widely recognized as vital components in the health system of low- and middle-income countries, enabling the extension of national and sub-national capacities for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and health promotion programs. Despite this vital role in the health system, very little is known about the CHVs day-to-day lived experiences providing services in communities and supporting other health workers. The purpose of this scoping review is to better understand the experiences and challenges of a community health volunteer in Africa. More specifically, drawing on the community health volunteers’ accounts of their experiences as reported in the literature to date, this review aims to identify critical factors or conditions that represent challenges to community health volunteers work in Africa. Advancing an understanding of community health volunteers experiences and challenges can inform governments and programs on how best to support community health volunteers both generally and specifically with respect to performance expectations within community-based healthcare delivery or health behaviour change and promotion programs.