bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deglacial increase of temperature variability in the tropical ocean
Authors: Wörmer Lars , Wendt Jenny , Boehman Brenna , Haug Gerald , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The warm and relatively stable Holocene climate was preceded by a pronounced event of abrupt warming in the Northern Hemisphere, the termination of the Younger Dryas cold period1,2. While this transition has been intensively studied, its imprint on low latitude ocean temperature is still controversial and its effects on sub-annual to decadal climate variability remain poorly understood1,3,4. We applied the extraordinary resolution provided by mass spectrometry imaging of long-chain alkenones5,6 to sediments from the tropical Cariaco Basin7, and reveal that the seasonal amplitude of reconstructed sea surface temperature increased more than twofold during the transition into the Holocene, while average temperature was not altered. We further observe modulations in interannual sea surface temperature variability that we attribute to a muting of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation at the end of the Younger Dryas, and a subsequent intensification during the early Holocene. These dynamics are consistent with the modeled interplay of meltwater and ice sheet forcing and suggest that climate recovery in the Pacific preceded the North Atlantic Younger Dryas-Holocene transition. Our results demonstrate that the abrupt changes that completed the most recent glacial to interglacial transition had pronounced effects on sub-and interannual climate variability in the Tropical North Atlantic.
Seasonality and Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kapandji Merveille , Kavunga-Membo Hugo , Nkwembe Edith , Ahuka Steve , Muyembe JJ 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with its tropical climate in the past was thought not to house many respiratory viruses, with time and after many outbreaks began researches and surveillance on respiratory viruses circulating in the country. The first was influenza sentinel surveillance which showed that around 10% of suspected samples received were positive for influenza and 90% were negative.This study aimed to screen Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) among the negative influenza samples which were collected during sentinel influenza surveillance, in order to determine the proportion and seasonal factors influencing the RSV.Methods: The samples used were nasopharyngeal swabs collected from different Influenza surveillance sites in Kinshasa: Kalembelembe, Boyambi, Kinshasa General Hospital, Kingasani Hospital Centre and RVA clinic during the period of January to September 2016. A total of 169 Samples were randomly selected for the research and were chosen regardless of the patient’s age, sex, geographic group and symptoms. Molecular analysis was done to determine if the samples were RSV positive or negative at the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB) in Kinshasa using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).Results: Out of the 169 samples that were analysed, 23 cases (13.6%) were positive for RSV. The prevalence was higher in female 65.2% than in male 34.8%, over 95% of RSV infection occurred during the rainy season and among the positive cases 60.9% were from hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection and 39.1% were from influenza-like illness or infection. The largest proportion (78.3%) of RSV positives was found in children under the age of 2 years.Conclusion: This study showed that RSV is found in Kinshasa at most during the rainy season and tend to fade away during the dry season. Children are the most affected especially those younger than 2 years and RSV was more prevalent in female than in male.
Renal Services in Major Hospitals in Malawi: A survey of health facilities
Authors: Msungeni Lucy , Matandika Limbanazo Mindiera , Mukaka Mavuto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2016, we conducted a baseline survey of the renal services that were being offered in the major hospitals in Malawi. The main purpose of the survey was to conduct an analysis of the renal services that were being offered in the major hospitals in Malawi with the aim of identifying gaps in service provision.
Methods
The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information relating to human resources, equipment and supplies, financing and patient management in major hospitals in Malawi. The hospitals were stratified according to level of service; Tertiary service level being the last in the referral line, whereas secondary level received referrals from the health centres. Summary statistics were computed and presented as median and inter-quartile range (IQR). Categorical data were analysed as counts and proportions. Fisher's exact test was used to test associations between two categorical variables. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used for comparing continuous outcomes between relevant groups. The analysis was restricted to univariate given the small sample size. Data was analyzed using Stata 14.0 (Stata Corp. Texas, USA). Statistical significance was declared at 5% significance level.
Results
Data from a total of 14 major hospitals was available for analysis. None of the hospitals had a local or resident nephrologist with 29% (4/14) of the hospitals indicating that their staff had received kidney related training albeit non specialist. Four of the fourteen facilities conducted routine meetings, to review renal patient services. Only two of the 14 hospitals conducted kidney biopsies and three hospitals have dialysis treatment facilities. All the 14 hospitals have a functional lab that assists in diagnosis of renal impairment. Urine analysis is conducted in all the 14 hospitals whilst 57% (8/14) conduct serum tests, 71% (10/14) provide stool diagnostic and only 29% (4/14) provide saliva tests. Half of the hospitals maintain records specifically of kidney patients with 43% (6/14) of them keeping in hard copy files. Only 21% (3/14) patients had a follow up system for patients in their communities. About 43% (6/14) of the hospitals receive specific funding for equipment and supplies for renal disease whilst the rest depend on general medical supplies.
Conclusions:
This study was the first of its kind that revealed that major hospitals in Malawi were inadequately equipped with the requisite facilities or infrastructure to manage renal disease exclusively. Resources were limited in all categories assessed. With the surge of kidney disease that is predicted in the Sub Saharan Africa, the situation calls for urgent intervention if we are to ably manage kidney disease.
Adaption and Implementation of the Engage Programme: Teaching Self Regulation Through Play, Within the Early Childhood Curriculum.
Authors: Healey Dione , Milne Barry , Healey Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Self-regulation is essential for successful human functioning across the lifespan. Difficulties in self-regulation early in life have been associated with a wide array of adverse outcomes including difficulties with school transition, educational attainment, and social functioning in childhood, as well as employment, mental health, physical health, relationships, and criminal activity in adulthood. ENGAGE (Enhancing Neurobehavioural Gains with the Aid of Games and Exercise) is a play-based intervention fostering the development of self-regulation in pre-schoolers and has led to improvements when used within the home setting. Given that most children attend some form of early childhood education setting, this is an ideal environment in which to teach self-regulation. The aim for this study was to ascertain whether ENGAGE can be implemented within an ECE group setting and whether this also leads to improved self-regulation. This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); trial number ACTRN12622000364774; trial web address: https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000364774.aspx. 668 children aged 3-5 years and their teachers, across 28 Early Childhood Education Centres (ECE) participated. Children’s self-regulation skills were assessed via scores on the Hyperactivity, Aggression, and Attention Problems subscales of BASC-2. Results indicted no significant changes in self-regulation skills across a 10-week waitlist period. Following 10 weeks of the ENGAGE programme, significant improvements in self-regulation were reported, and these were maintained at 2- and 6-month follow-up. These findings indicate that ENGAGE translates well into the ECE setting and has the potential to have population-based impacts on self-regulation abilities which could lead to more positive societal outcomes.
A Novel Design for solar collector used for water heating application having nanofluid as working medium: CFD modeling and simulation
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kharub Manjeet , Sharma Rajesh , Hrisheekesha Periapattana Nagaraj , Goel Varun , Bhattacharyya Suvanjan , Tyagi Vineet Veer , . Varun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A solar collector is a simple and cheap device that is capable of collecting and converting solar radiation into useful heat energy. The thermal performance of the solar collectors can be enhanced significantly with the suspension of nanoparticles in the base fluid. A novel design for a solar-assisted water heater (SWH) is proposed in the current study and the effect of nanofluid has been investigated on the thermal efficiency of the SWH. The use of nanofluid is one of the prominent methods in comparison to other techniques for improving the performance of solar collectors and therefore, the base working fluid i.e. water is mixed with the alumina nanoparticles of average particle size of 30 nm, and they are assumed to be spherical. The flow and thermal characteristics of nanofluid through the solar water heater are simulated numerically with the help of the Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model using the finite volume method (FVM). The commercial package i.e. ANSYS Fluent is used for modeling the problem under transient conditions with a pressure-based solver. In comparison to a conventional flat plate collector, the proposed solar water heater consists corrugated absorber-plate and the effect of radius of curvature of corrugation has been investigated on the heat transfer and collector efficiency. With the proposed design the heat transfer area available with the riser tubes increases remarkably and it leads to a 43% and 14% increase in heat transfer augmentation and collector efficiency, in comparison to the conventional solar water heater.
Identification of ferroptosis-related subtypes, characteristics of TME infiltration and development of prognostic models in gastric cancer
Authors: LING RUI , TANG XIANG , LIU NA , YU YUNPENG , SU YUTING , ZHOU YUEPENG , CHEN DEYU 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ferroptosis constitutes a novel type of cell death in morphology, biochemistry and genetics, and is tightly associated with the occurrence, development, prognosis and treatment of tumors. Nevertheless, the potential contribution of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is indistinct. We delineated and evaluated the expression pattern of FRGs in gastric cancer (GC) samples from the perspectives of genetics and transcription. Subsequently, we discerned two different molecular subtypes and figured out that the changes in multilayer FRGs are linked with the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and TME cell infiltration characteristics of patients. Then, we constructed an FRG-score with a view to predicting overall survival (OS) and verified its predictive ability in GC patients. Therefore, we constructed a high-precision nomogram to improve the clinical applicability of the FRG-score. Low FRG-score, due to its high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), high mutational load and immune activation, indicates the possible advantage of OS. In addition, the FRG-score was closely related to the cancer stem cell (CSC) index and the sensitive degree of chemotherapeutic drug. Our generalized study of FRGs in gastric cancer shows their potentialities in the TME, clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. These results may advance the existing knowledge of FRGs in gastric cancer, and push ahead with more effective prognostic assessment and the development of more effective immunotherapy approaches.
Characterisation and sensory appraisal of fresh ‘molido’ cheese from cows fed different levels of sunflower silage inclusion in small-scale dairy systems
Authors: Sainz-Ramírez Aurora , Colín-Navarro Vianey , Estrada-Flores Julieta Gertrudis , Velarde-Guillen José , López-González Felipe , Arriaga-Jordan Carlos M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small-scale dairy systems require feeding strategies to improve their productivity and sustainability. Since these systems in central Mexico mostly sell their milk to local artisan cheese makers, and cow diets influence milk and dairy products composition, the objective was to evaluate the effect on physicochemical characteristics, sensory appraisal, and economic performance of cheeses made with milk from cows fed different levels of sunflower silage (SFSL) inclusion in the forage DM component of diets (T0 = 0% SFSL; T20 = 20%; T40 = 40%; and, T60 = 60%). Physicochemical composition was analysed by analysis of variance in a completely randomised design and the sensory assessment of the cheeses was with a hedonistic five-point scale and the results were analysed by means of descriptive statistics and a radar graph. Partial budgets were used for economic analyses. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for all physicochemical variables (moisture content, cheese yield, protein and fat content, and pH) of the cheeses, with higher values for yield, protein and fat content in the treatments that included SFSL. Sensory assessment values were in the average perception range of judges. Treatments that included SFSL had lower production costs, higher margins over costs, and higher returns/costs ratios. It was concluded that the inclusion of sunflower silage in diets for dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems resulted in higher cheese yields, protein and fat content, with positive sensory attributes, lower production costs and higher incomes from cheese making.
Neglected prognostic importance of ileal resection in patients with peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Bisgin Tayfun , Sokmen Selman , Manoglu Berke , Ozkardesler Sevda , Sarioglu Sulen , Ellidokuz Hulya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to determine the prognostic role of ileal resection on postoperative complications and the final oncological results of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) treatment in patients with peritoneal metastasis(PM).
Methods
Patients with PM who underwent CRS and HIPEC between 2007 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Ileal resection was defined as the resection of the ileum at 100 cm or below. Patients were divided into ileal-resection and non-ileal resection groups. Besides clinico-pathological variables, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CC-0-1-2), (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, operative time, need for surgical intensive care unit, and usage of blood products were all evaluated.
Results
The data of 664 patients was analyzed. Ileal resection was performed in 346(52.1%) patients. The median follow-up period was 27 months. The ileal resection group had significantly lower 3-and 5-year survival rates (55% and 43% vs. 69% and 52, p = .005, respectively). High PCI score (p < .001), more CC-1-2 cytoreductions (p < .001), more anastomoses (p < .001), prolonged operative time (p < .001), more ostomy creation (p = .001), increased morbidity (p < .001), and more infectious complications (p < .001) were all significantly associated with ileal resection.
Conclusion
The loss of ileal function has a potential prognostic role in increased post-operative complications and worsened overall survival in patients with PMs.
Bayesian Compositional Regression with Microbiome Features via Variational Inference
Authors: SCOTT DARREN A. V. , BENAVENTE ERNEST DIEZ , LIBISELLER-EGGER JULIAN , FEDEROV DMITRY , PHELAN JODY , ILINA ELENA , TIKHONOVA POLINA , KUDRYAVSTEV ALEXANDER , GALEEVA JULIA , CLARK TAANE , LEWIN ALEX 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The microbiome plays a key role in the health of the human body. Interest often lies in finding features of the microbiome, alongside other covariates, which are associated with a phenotype of interest. One important property of microbiome data, which is often overlooked, is its compositionality as it can only provide information about the relative abundance of its constituting components. Typically, these proportions vary by several orders of magnitude in datasets of large dimensions. To address these challenges we develop a Bayesian hierarchical linear log-contrast model which is estimated by mean field Monte-Carlo coordinate ascent variational inference (CAVI-MC). We use novel priors which account for the large differences in scale and constrained parameter space associated with the compositional covariates. A reversible jump Monte Carlo Markov chain guided by the data through univariate approximations of the variational posterior probability of inclusion, with proposal parameters informed by approximating variational densities via auxiliary parameters, is used to estimate intractable marginal expectations. We demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms standard methods of variable selection applied to compositional data. We then apply the CAVI-MC to the analysis of real data exploring the relationship of the gut microbiome to body mass index.
Additive Beneficial Effects Of Aerobic Training And Royal Jelly On Hippocampal Inflammation And Function In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Rats
Authors: Kheirdeh Maryam , Jahromi Maryam Koushkie , Hemmatinafar Mohammad , Nemati Javad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Although the beneficial role of training and the use of some antioxidants in physiological and psychological disorders in autoimmune diseases has been reported, the simultaneous effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) with different doses is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of AT and RJ on inflammatory factors, hippocampus and psychological functions in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats with EAE were assigned to seven groups: (1) EAE, (2) sham (Sh), (3) 50 mg / kg RJ (RJ50), (4) 100 mg / kg RJ (RJ100), (5) AT, (6) AT + RJ50, and (7) AT + RJ100 and healthy control. Results: AT decreased IL-17, TGF-β gene expression and immobilization time, while it increased IL-10, OAT% and OAR% compared to the EAE group. RJ50 and RJ100 decreased IL-17, IL-23 gene expression, and immobilization time, and increased IL-10 and OAR% compared to the EAE group. AT + RJ50 and AT + RJ100 decreased IL-17, IL-23, TGF-β, and immobilization time, while increased IL-10 and OAT% compared to the EAE group. The effect of AT + RJ100 on decreasing IL-17, IL-23, immobilization time, increasing TGF-β, IL-10, and OAR% was more favorable than RJ50. Conclusion: AT and RJ improved inflammatory factors and reduced anxiety and depression. The synergistic effect of two interventions, especially using higher doses of RJ were more favorable.
Simulation and risk assessment of typical antibiotics in the multi-media environment of the Yangtze River Estuary under tidal effect
Authors: Dai Chaomeng , Han Yueming , Li Yan , Duan Yanping , Liu Shuguang , Zhang Yalei , Tu Yaojen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Frequent human activities in estuary areas lead to the release of a large number of antibiotics, which poses a great threat to human health. However, there are very limited studies about the influence of the special natural phenomena on the occurrence and migration of antibiotics in the environment. In this study, we simulated the migration and transformation of six typical antibiotics, including oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFX), erythromycin (ETM) and amoxicillin (AMOX), in the environmental media from 2011 to 2019 in the Yangtze River Estuary, by using the level III multi-media fugacity model combined with the factor of tidal. The simulation results show that the most antibiotics mainly existed in soil and sediment while erythromycin were found mainly in water. The concentrations of antibiotics in air, freshwater, seawater, groundwater, sediment and soil were 10-23-10-25, 0.1-12 ng/L, 0.02-7 ng/L, 0.02-16 ng/L, 0.1-13 ng/g and 0.1-15 ng/g respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the degradation rate (Km) and the soil-to-water runoff coefficient (Kl) were important model parameters, indicating that hydrodynamic conditions have a significant impact on the migration of antibiotics in various environmental phases in estuarine areas. Tide can enhance the exchange between water bodies and cause the transformation of the antibiotics from freshwater to seawater and groundwater, which improves the accuracy of the model, especially the seawater and soil phase of it. Risk assessments show that amoxicillin, erythromycin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin pose a threat to the estuarine environment, but the current source of drinking water does not affect human health. Our findings suggest that, when one would like to exam the occurrence and migration of antibiotics in environment, more consideration should be given to the natural phenomena, in addition to human activities and the nature of antibiotics.
Impact of intervention for self-management and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes in community pharmacy setting
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Hirano Saki , Inoue Gaku , Atsuda Koichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of the Japanese version of the PHOND study technique delivered across five communities by community pharmacists for type 2 diabetes patients who are offered general diabetes treatment. The primary endpoints were changes in diabetes-related laboratory parameters such as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and rates of health activity achievement. Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were followed up for six months. HbA1c levels were lower at follow-up than at baseline in the group with baseline HbA1c 7.0% ≤ (7.5%±0.5 vs. 7.3%±0.5). Healthy activity engagement rates were higher at follow-up than at baseline (63.8point ±29.1 vs. 78.3point ±15.9). The PHOND study technique, which involves a collaboration between pharmacists and registered dietitians, may help provide access to care and promote self-management among patients with type 2 diabetes.