bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into tunnel valley locations and Cenozoic exhumation in the southwestern Baltic Sea based on Machine Learning aided seismic refraction tomography
Authors: Warwel Arne , Hübscher Christian , Ahlrichs Niklas , Schnabel Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Cretaceous and Cenozoic evolution of the North German Basin is shaped by complex processes involving basin inversion, uplift and erosion, extension and several periods of Quaternary glaciations. Based on a densely spaced long-offset 2D seismic profile network covering the Bays of Kiel and Mecklenburg, we employ a Machine Learning algorithm to pick refracted first-arrival travel-times. These travel-times are used in a travel-time tomography to derive velocity models for the approximately upper 800 m depth of the subsurface. Investigating velocity-depth relations within the Upper Cretaceous strata and analyzing lateral velocity anomalies within shallow depths provide new insights into the magnitude of the Cenozoic basin exhumation and the locations of glacial tunnel valleys. Our findings suggest that previously observed bent-up structures in seismic images are caused by heterogeneous velocities in the overburden and do not represent actual reflectors. We provide strong indications that these misinterpretations of imaging artifacts are related to tunnel valleys even though these valleys might not always be resolvable in seismic reflection or sediment sub-bottom images. Comparing Upper Cretaceous velocity-depth trends to reference trends reveals significantly higher velocities in our study area. We interpret these differences as overcompaction and estimate the apparent Cenozoic exhumation in the Bay of Mecklenburg to be about 475 m. Within the Bay of Kiel, we observe an increase of the apparent exhumation from about 385 m (south) to about 480 m (north). Our study demonstrates the importance of near surface velocity analysis for the investigation of geological processes in shallow marine settings.
CEO compensation and real estate prices: pay for luck or pay for action?
Authors: Albuquerque Ana , Bennett Benjamin , Custódio Cláudia , Cvijanović Dragana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper uses variation in real estate prices to study Chief Executive Officer (CEO) pay for luck. We distinguish between pay for luck and pay for responding to luck (action) by exploiting US GAAP accounting rules, which mandate that real estate used in the firm’s operations is not marked-to-market. This setting allows us to empirically disentangle pay for luck from pay for action, as a change in the value of real estate is only accounted for when the CEO responds to changes in property value. We show that CEO compensation is associated with the following two managerial responses to changes in real estate values: (i) real estate sales and (ii) debt issuance. Overall, we show that CEOs are rewarded for taking value-enhancing actions in response to luck.
Variability of Ionospheric Plasma: Results from the ESA Swarm Mission
Authors: Wood Alan G. , Alfonsi Lucilla , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Jin Yaqi , Spogli Luca , Urbář Jaroslav , Rawlings James T. , Whittaker Ian C. , Dorrian Gareth D. , Høeg Per , Kotova Daria , Cesaroni Claudio , Cicone Antonio , Miedzik Jan , Gierlach Ewa , Kochańska Paula , Wojtkiewicz Pawel , Shahtahmassebi Golnaz , Miloch Wojciech J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSwarm is the first European Space Agency (ESA) constellation mission for Earth Observation. Three identical Swarm satellites were launched into near-polar orbits on 22 November 2013. Each satellite hosts a range of instruments, including a Langmuir probe, GPS receivers, and magnetometers, from which the ionospheric plasma can be sampled and current systems inferred. In March 2018, the CASSIOPE/e-POP mission was formally integrated into the Swarm mission through ESA’s Earthnet Third Party Mission Programme. Collectively the instruments on the Swarm satellites enable detailed studies of ionospheric plasma, together with the variability of this plasma in space and in time. This allows the driving processes to be determined and understood. The purpose of this paper is to review ionospheric results from the first seven years of the Swarm mission and to discuss scientific challenges for future work in this field.
Solar Energetic Particles: Spatial Extent and Implications of the H and He Abundances
Authors: Reames Donald V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the earliest indicators of the importance of shock acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) was the broad spatial extent of the “gradual” SEP events produced as the shock waves, driven by wide, fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), expand across the Sun with cross-field transport mediated by the shocks. Contrasting “impulsive” SEP events, with characteristic enhancements of 3He and of heavy elements, are now associated with magnetic reconnection on open field lines in solar jets. However, large shock waves can also traverse pools of residual impulsive suprathermal ions and jets can produce fast CMEs that drive shock waves; in both cases shocks reaccelerate ions with the “impulsive” abundance signatures as well as coronal plasma. These more-complex events produce “excess protons” that identify this process, and recently, differences in the distribution of 4He abundances have also been found to depend upon the combination of seed population and acceleration mode. Extreme differences in the 4He abundances may reflect underlying differences in the abundances of the coronal regions being sampled by solar jets and, surprisingly, SEP events where shock waves sample two seed-particle populations seem to have about twice the 4He/O ratio of those with a single source.
Survival outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer according to pathological response at radical cystectomy with or without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: a case–control matching study
Authors: van Ginkel Noor , Hermans Tom J. N. , Meijer Dennie , Boormans Joost L. , Voortman Jens , Mertens Laura , van Beek Sytse C. , Vis André N. ,   the Dutch Cystectomy Snapshot Research Group, Aben K. K. H. , Arends T. J. , Ausems P. J. , Baselmans D. , Berger C. P. A. M. , Berrens A. C. , Bickerstaffe H. , Bos S. D. , Braam M. , Buddingh K. T. , Claus S. , Dekker K. , van Doeveren T. , Einerhand S. M. H. , Fossion L. M. C. L. , van Gennep E. J. , Grondhuis Palacios L. A. , Hinsenveld F. J. , Hobijn M. M. , van Huystee S. H. , Jaspers-Valentijn M. , Klaver O. S. , Koldewijn E. L. , Korsten L. , Lenting A. , Lentjes K. J. , Luiting H. B. , van der Meer S. , Nieuwenhuijzen J. A. , Noordzij M. A. , Nooter R. I. , Notenboom C. A. W. , Oomen R. J. A. , van der Poel H. G. , van Roermund J. G. H. , de Rooij J. , Roshani H. , van der Schoot D. K. E. , Schrier B. P. , van der Slot M. A. , Somford D. M. , Stelwagen P. J. , Stroux A. M. A. , van der West A. , Wijsman B. P. , Windt W. A. K. M. , van Zanten P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) according to the pathological response at RC.

Methods
965 patients with MIBC (cT2-4aN0M0) who underwent RC with or without NAC were analyzed. Among the collected data were comorbidity, clinical and pathological tumor stage, tumor grade, nodal status (y)pN, and OS. Case–control matching of 412 patients was performed to compare oncological outcomes. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to estimate OS for patients who underwent RC with or without NAC, and for those with complete response (pCR), partial response (pPR), or residual or progressive disease (PD).

Results
Patients with a pCR or pPR at RC, with or without NAC, had better OS than patients who had PD (both p values < 0.001). Moreover, the incidence of pCR was significantly higher in patients receiving NAC prior to RC than in patients undergoing RC only (31% versus 15%, respectively; p < 0.001). Case–control matching displayed better OS of patients who underwent RC with NAC, median survival not reached, than of those who underwent RC only, median 4.5 years (p = 0.023).

Conclusions
This study showed that patients with MIBC who underwent NAC with RC had a significant better OS than those who underwent RC only. The proportion of patients with a pCR was higher in those who received NAC and RC than in those who were treated by RC only. The favorable OS rate in the NAC and RC cohort was probably attributed to the higher observed pCR rate.
Mothers and fathers of pre-school children: a study on parenting stress and child’s emotional-behavioral difficulties
Authors: Trumello Carmen , Ballarotto Giulia , Ricciardi Piera , Paciello Marinella , Marino Valentina , Morelli Mara , Tambelli Renata , Babore Alessandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to analyze the differences between maternal and paternal parenting stress and children’s behavioral functioning, as determined by teacher and parent reports. In addition, it sought to evaluate the presence of clusters based on parenting stress and to determine whether perceptions of children’s behavioral functioning varied across these clusters. The sample was composed of the parents and teachers of N = 201 children. Parents completed a self-report questionnaire on parenting stress and parents and teachers filled out report-form questionnaires assessing children’s emotional and behavioral functioning. The results showed that mothers had higher levels of parenting stress than fathers, and both parents reported more prosocial behavior in children than did teachers. Furthermore, middle stressed parents had children who expressed more prosocial behavior than did parents in other clusters. The findings also showed that parenting stress influenced partners’ perceptions of children’s behavioral functioning. The multiplicity of child observers facilitated a better understanding of how parenting stress, linked to parent–child interactions, may play an important role in shaping parents’ perceptions of their children.
Modulating the Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Barium Titanate by Introducing Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Chengbo , Li Rengui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial photosynthetic reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals is one of the most promising approaches to solve the energy crisis and decreasing atmospheric CO2 emissions. However, the poor selectivity accompanied by the low activity of photocatalysts limits the development of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, inspired by the use of oxygen vacancy engineering to promote the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules, we introduced oxygen vacancies in the representative barium titanate (BaTiO3) photocatalyst for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. We found that oxygen vacancies brought significant differences in the CO2 photoreduction activity and selectivity of BaTiO3. The intrinsic BaTiO3 showed a low photocatalytic activity with the dominant product of CO, whereas BaTiO3 with oxygen vacancies exhibited a tenfold improvement in photocatalytic activity, with a high selectivity of ~ 90% to CH4. We propose that the presence of oxygen vacancies promotes CO2 and H2O adsorption onto the BaTiO3 surface and also improves the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, thereby boosting the photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4. This work highlights the essential role of oxygen vacancies in tuning the selectivity of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals.
Medtech innovation guide: an empiric model to support medical technology innovation
Authors: Mejtoft Thomas , Lindahl Olof , Öhberg Fredrik , Pommer Linda , Jonzén Karolina , Andersson Britt M. , Eklund Anders , Wåhlin Anders , Hallberg Per 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInnovation has become increasingly important for most industries to cope with rapid technological changes as well as changing societal needs. Even though there are many sectors with specific needs when it comes to supporting innovation, the medical technology sector is facing several unique challenges that both increases the lead-time from idea to finished product and decreases the number of innovations that are developed. This paper presents a proposed innovation guide that has been developed and evaluated as a support for the innovation process within medical technology research. The guide takes the unique characteristics of the medical technology sector into account and serves as a usable guide for the innovator. The complete guide contains both a structure for the process and a usable web application to support the journey from idea to finished products and services. The paper also includes a new readiness level, Sect. 4.2 to provide support both when developing and determining the readiness for clinical implementation of a medical technology innovation.
The role of transdisciplinarity for mineral economics and mineral resource management: coping with fallacies related to phosphorus in science and practice
Authors: Scholz Roland W. , Steiner Gerald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMineral economics is a genuine multidisciplinary field dealing with economic and policy matters related to the production, distribution, and consumption of mineral commodities. We discuss why the increasing complexity, ambiguity, ambivalence, and social contestation of subjects of mineral economics promote the participation of mineral economists in transdisciplinary processes. These processes relate (a) knowledge from targeted interdisciplinary processes and (b) mitigated discourses among different stakeholders to provide (c) a shared problem definition and to attain shared basic knowledge about problem transformation science and practice. We discuss known examples of misperceptions regarding minerals (phosphorus), such as an imminent scarcity threat, the incorrectly understood causations of the 2007/2008 price peak and present thephosphorus ore-grades increased by 3.2% between 1983 and 2013 fallacies(which is based on the Simpson’s paradox), andonly few countries have mineable reserves fallacy. Here, we also illuminate motivations underlying several mineral economics–related misunderstandings. We argue that societally relevant questions require an honest mineral economics knowledge brokership. The example of the Global TraPs project, which targeted sustainable phosphorus management, is presented. Honest brokership to attain a clearinghouse function of science requires trust formation in society. We argue that this calls for increasing the understandability of relationships that are not well-understood, such as “if prices rise, so do stocks.” Wellmer and Becker-Platen’s feedback control cycle may be considered an example of how complex mineral economics can become and how challenging it is to be understandable to scientists from different disciplines and faculties as well as to practitioners whose knowledge may well be used to cope with the complexity of given problems. Thus, the present paper represents a plea for mutual learning between science and practice in order to understand the complex social and economic challenges of mineral resource dynamics.
Soil properties resulting in superior maize yields upon climate warming
Authors: Feng Puyu , Wang Bin , Harrison Matthew Tom , Wang Jing , Liu Ke , Huang Mingxia , Liu De Li , Yu Qiang , Hu Kelin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe impacts of global climate warming on maize yield vary regionally. However, less is known about how soil modulates regionally specific impacts and soil properties that are able to alleviate adverse impacts of climate warming on maize productivity. In this study, we investigated the impacts of multiple soil inherent properties on the sensitivity of maize yield (SY,T) to growing season temperature across China. Our results show that a 1°C warming resulted in the largest yield decline (11.2 ± 6.1%) in the mid-eastern region, but the moderate yield increase (1.5 ± 2.9%) in the north-eastern region. Spatial variability in soil properties explained around 72% of the variation in SY,T. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content positively contributed the greatest extent (28.9%) to spatial variation of SY,T, followed by field capacity (9.7%). Beneficial impacts of increasing SOC content were pronounced in the north-eastern region where SOC content (11.9 ± 4.3 g kg−1) was much higher than other regions. Other soil properties (e.g., plant wilting point, sand content, bulk density, and saturated water content) were generally negatively correlated with SY,T. This study is the first one to answer how soil inherent properties can modulate the negative impacts of climate warming on maize yield in China. Our findings highlight the importance of SOC in alleviating adverse global warming impacts on maize productivity. To ensure food security for a rapidly increasing population under a changing climate, appropriate farming management practices that improve SOC content could reduce risk of adverse effects of global climate warming through a gain in yield stability and more resilient production in China’s maize belt.
Improved fault location method for AT traction power network based on EMU load test
Authors: Lin Guosong , Fu Xuguo , Quan Wei , Hong Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe autotransformer (AT) neutral current ratio method is widely used for fault location in the AT traction power network. With the development of high-speed electrified railways, a large number of data show that the relation between the AT neutral current ratio and the distance from the beginning of the fault AT section to the fault point (Q–L relation) is mostly nonlinear. Therefore, the linear Q–L relation in the traditional fault location method always leads to large errors. To solve this problem, a large number of load-related current data that can be used to describe the Q–L relation are obtained through the load test of the electric multiple unit (EMU). Thus, an improved fault location method based on the back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed in this paper. On this basis, a comparison between the improved method and the traditional method shows that the maximum absolute error and the average absolute error of the improved method are 0.651 km and 0.334 km lower than those of the traditional method, respectively, which demonstrates that the improved method can effectively eliminate the influence of nonlinear factors and greatly improve the accuracy of fault location for the AT traction power network. Finally, combined with a short-circuit test, the accuracy of the improved method is verified.
Shifting landscapes of digital literacy
Authors: Bacalja Alexander , Beavis Catherine , O’Brien Annemaree 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how changing digital literacy practices in educational contexts require that we continually revisit conceptualisations of digital literacy education. We begin by analysing the positions taken by stakeholders who contribute to digital literacy discourses in Australia, exploring how competing interests produce effects which manifest in ways that differently consecrate social and cultural practice in the digital age. We advocate the need for pedagogic frameworks that support digital literacy education. Existing approaches tend to privilege the operationalisation of digital technology. By contrast, teaching is needed which focusses on meaning-making and creating. However, the ‘datafication of everyday life’ (Barassi, 2018, p.170) has included extraordinary interventions into schooling that have significant implications for teachers and students. We argue that preparing young people for digital citizenship must include a focus on critical digital literacies that are responsive to contemporary digital forces (e.g. platformatisation, artificial intelligence, edu-apps, algorithms) as well as those digital technologies that are yet to make their way into formal schooling.
Calibration of safety factors for prestressed stayed steel columns
Authors: Hyman Peter , Sriramula Srinivas , Osofero Adelaja I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have investigated the behaviour of prestressed stayed steel columns with a view to developing design guidelines. As most of the modern standards move towards calibrated safety factors, there is a need to explore the design expectations of these structures from a probabilistic perspective. This has not been studied in the literature till now, perhaps due to lack of clarity on underlying uncertainties, failure models and reliability levels. In this paper, the relevant reliability levels were studied to highlight the critical modes for such structures. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the random variables to investigate their impact on the model output. The reliability levels found through appropriate analysis were then compared with target reliabilities to calibrate partial safety factors to be used in the design of these structures. A range of safety factor values were found depending on the conditions adopted in the calibration and target reliability studies.
Spanish Translation, Transcultural Adaptation, Validation and Clinical Applicability of Female Genital-Self Image Scale (FGSIS)
Authors: Bartolomé Alba , Villalaín Cecilia , Bermejo Rocío , Bolívar Ana Belén , Castillo Laura Pilar , Galindo Alberto , Tejerizo Álvaro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs female genital cosmetic surgeries have significantly increased, appropriate tools to evaluate self-esteem about women's own genitalia are necessary.Aimto translate, culturally adapt to Spanish women and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS).MethodsFGSIS was forward and backward translated, culturally adapted into Spanish and its content evaluated through Delphi consensus. One item from the original scale was discarded after expert panel evaluation, developing the final Spanish scale (FGSIS-S) consisting of 6 items. Its psychometric properties were evaluated among 202 women attending gynecological consults through an online survey. The survey included socio-demographic data and FGSIS-S.Main Outcome MeasureSocio-demographic items, psychometric characteristics of the FGSIS-S (construct evaluation, internal consistency and test-retest reliability) were assessed.ResultsFGSIS-S proved to relate appropriately with the proposed construct (sum-content validity index 0.9, and significant inverse correlation with women concerned about their genital appearance or considering cosmetic surgery) with a 1-factor solution on exploratory factor analysis. The test proved good internal consistency (McDonald's omega 0.86) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation 0.86, P &lt; .001). In 41.1% of cases, women referred concern about their genital's self-image and in 12.4% had considered undergoing cosmetic surgery.Clinical TranslationThe validated version of FGSIS-S can help both professionals and patients, and its implementation can be easily made in gynecological consults.Strengths and LimitationsThe main limitation is a self-selection bias in women attending gynecological consults, who may be more worried about their gynecological/sexual health. The sample is also a relatively homogeneous Caucasian population, with medium-high educational level, coming from gynecological consults. Strengths include the large sample size and the demographic survey that permitted evaluating the performance of FGSIS-S in the context of concern about genitals or consideration of cosmetic surgery.ConclusionFGSIS-S is an adequate scale to measure women's genital image self-perception in Spanish-speaking population of Spain.