bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q Methodology as an Innovative Addition to Bullying Researchers’ Methodological Repertoire
Authors: Lundberg Adrian , Hellström Lisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe field of bullying research deals with methodological issues and concerns affecting the comprehension of bullying and how it should be defined. For the purpose of designing relevant and powerful bullying prevention strategies, this article argues that instead of pursuing a universal definition of what constitutes bullying, it may be of greater importance to investigate culturally and contextually bound understandings and definitions of bullying. Inherent to that shift is the transition to a more qualitative research approach in the field and a stronger focus on participants’ subjective views and voices. Challenges in qualitative methods are closely connected to individual barriers of hard-to-reach populations and the lack of a necessary willingness to share on the one hand and the required ability to share subjective viewpoints on the other hand. By reviewing and discussing Q methodology, this paper contributes to bullying researchers’ methodological repertoire of less-intrusive methodologies. Q methodology offers an approach whereby cultural contexts and local definitions of bullying can be put in the front. Furthermore, developmentally appropriate intervention and prevention programs might be created based on exploratory Q research and could later be validated through large-scale investigations. Generally, research results based on Q methodology are expected to be useful for educators and policymakers aiming to create a safe learning environment for all children. With regard to contemporary bullying researchers, Q methodology may open up novel possibilities through its status as an innovative addition to more mainstream approaches.
The hemodynamic impacts of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing elective surgery: An institution-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Tadesse Muhiddin , Ahmed Siraj , Regassa Teshome , Girma Timsel , Mohammed Ayub 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort and high autonomic activity with varying degree of intensity. Preoperative anxiety affects the hemodynamic status of patients. This study aimed to aassess the effect of preoperative anxiety on hemodynamic status on patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods:
A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted on patient scheduled for elective surgeries from November 1, 2019 to October 30, 2020 at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Data was collected with structured questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Result:
There was no statistically significant difference among the groups on base line variables. Mean arterial pressure at arrival to the OR, after induction of anesthesia, on the 15th minutes and on the 30th minutes in high anxiety group was significantly increased when compared to low anxiety group. Systolic blood pressure in preoperative assessment periods, at arrival to the OR, after induction of anaesthesia and on the 15th minutes in high anxiety level group was significantly increased. The heart rate at arrival to operation was higher in high anxiety group. This study showed that the preoperative anxiety affects the blood pressure and heart rate values of patients before arrival to the operation theatre and during anesthesia.

Conclusion:
High preoperative anxiety increased the mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate on arrival to the operation room. Decreasing preoperative anxiety improves intraoperative and post-operative hemodynamic status of patients undergoing elective surgery.

Highlights
Thinking Reasonably about Indeterministic Choice Beliefs
Authors: Kissel Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent research suggests that, regardless of the truth of libertarianism about free will, there appears to be a widespread belief among nonphilosopher laypersons that the choices of free agents are not causally necessitated by prior states of affairs. In this paper, I propose a new class of debunking explanation for this belief which I call ‘reasons-based accounts’ (RBAs). I start the paper by briefly recounting the failures of extant approaches to debunking explanations, and then use this as a jumping off point to articulate several alternatives, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each.
The Policy Gap and Inefficiency in Public Volunteers’ Response to Assist the Hospitals After Natural Disasters in Iran: A Grounded Theory Methodology
Authors: Jannat Forouzandeh , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud , Allahbakhshi Kiyoumars , Aghazadeh-Attari Javad , Nateghinia Saeedeh , Mohebbi Iraj 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to explore a public volunteer’s hospital response model in natural disasters in Iran.

Methods:
This study employed grounded theory using the Strauss and Corbin 2008 method and data analysis was carried out in three steps, namely open, axial, and selective coding. The present qualitative study was done using semi-structured interviews with 36 participants who were on two levels and with different experiences in responding to emergencies and disasters as “public volunteers” and “experts”. National and local experts were comprised of professors in the field of disaster management, hospital managers, Red Crescent experts, staff and managers of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

Results:
The main concept of the paradigm model was “policy gap and inefficiency” in the management of public volunteers, which was rooted in political factions, ethnicity, regulations, and elites. The policy gap and inefficiency led to chaos and “crises over crises.” Overcoming the policy gap will result in hospital disaster resilience. Meanwhile, the model covered the causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences in relation to the public volunteers’ hospital response phase.

Conclusions:
The current public volunteers’ hospital in Iran suffered from the lack of a coherent, comprehensive, and forward-looking plan for their response. The most important beneficiaries of this paradigm model will be for health policy-makers, to clarify the main culprits of creating policy gap and inefficiency in Iran and other countries with a similar context. It can guide the decision-makings in upstream documents on the public volunteers. Further research should carried out to improve the understanding of the supportive legal framework, building the culture of volunteering, and enhancing volunteers’ retention rate.
An uncountable Moore–Schmidt theorem
Authors: JAMNESHAN ASGAR , TAO TERENCE 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove an extension of the Moore–Schmidt theorem on the triviality of the first cohomology class of cocycles for the action of an arbitrary discrete group on an arbitrary measure space and for cocycles with values in an arbitrary compact Hausdorff abelian group. The proof relies on a ‘conditional’ Pontryagin duality for spaces of abstract measurable maps.
A Love Ethic for Black Feminisms: The Necessity of Love in Black Feminist Discourses and Discoveries
Authors: Odozor Ezinwanne Toochukwu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlack feminisms offer lenses through which Black women can resist and re-exist under new emancipatory conditions. Part of that work is uncovering roots and routes through which Black women's lives can come to the fore as articulated centers. Such a mandate, I argue, must center love. This article's work, therefore, is to articulate the function of love, as an ethic and a discourse of love as a dialectic space, in the creation of emancipatory spaces for Black women. In particular, this article aims to articulate how alove ethic, as a princple,can be used to support a citational politics for Black women toward a Black feminist reclamatory past, liberatory present, and emancipated future.
Further solutions to an isotope dilution model for partitioning phenylalanine and tyrosine between milk protein synthesis and other metabolic fates by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Crompton L. A. , McKnight L. A. , Reynolds C. K. , Ellis J. L. , Dijkstra J. , France J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhenylalanine (PHE) and to a lesser extent TYR are two commonly used amino acid tracers for measuring protein metabolism in a variety of species and tissues. The model examined in this paper was developed to resolve trans-organ and stable isotope dilution data collected from experiments with lactating dairy cows using these tracers. Two methods of solving the model, i.e. as two four-pool submodels, one representing PHE and the other TYR, or as an integrated eight-pool model, are investigated and the alternative solutions are contrasted. Solving the model as the two four-pool submodels rather than the integrated 8-pool model is preferred as the equations are slightly simpler and their application less susceptible to any compounding of measurement errors. The data used to illustrate the model were taken from experiments conducted to investigate the effects of high and low protein diets on the partitioning of PHE and TYR between milk protein synthesis and other metabolic fates by the mammary gland.
“It Makes You Feel Good to Help!”: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Peer Mentoring in Long-Term Care
Authors: Theurer Kristine A. , Stone Robyn I. , Suto Melinda J. , Timonen Virpi , Brown Susan G. , Mortenson W. Ben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial isolation and loneliness in long-term care settings are a growing concern. Drawing on concepts of social citizenship, we developed a peer mentoring program in which resident mentors and volunteers formed a team, met weekly for training, and paired up to visit isolated residents. In this article, we explore the experiences of the resident mentors. As part of a larger mixed-methods study conducted in 10 sites in Canada, we interviewed mentors (n = 48) and analysed data using inductive thematic analysis. We identified three inter-related themes: Helping others, helping ourselves described the personal benefits experienced through adopting a helping role; Building a bigger social world encapsulated new connections with those visited, and; Facing challenges, learning together described how mentors dealt with challenges as a team. Our findings suggest that a structured approach to mentoring benefits residents and helps them feel confident taking on a role supporting their isolated peers.
Phosphorylation of cysteine string protein-α up-regulates the frequency of cholinergic waves via starburst amacrine cells
Authors: Chen Ching-Feng , Wo Rita R. , Huang Chien-Ting , Cheng Tzu-Lin , Lu Juu-Chin , Wang Chih-Tien 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During the first postnatal week in rodents, cholinergic retinal waves initiate in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), propagating to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual centers, essential for visual circuit refinement. By modulating exocytosis in SACs, dynamic changes in the protein kinase A (PKA) activity can regulate the spatiotemporal patterns of cholinergic waves. Previously, cysteine string protein-α (CSPα) is found to interact with the core exocytotic machinery by PKA-mediated phosphorylation at serine 10 (S10). However, whether PKA-mediated CSPα phosphorylation may regulate cholinergic waves via SACs remains unknown. Here, we examined how CSPα phosphorylation in SACs regulates cholinergic waves. First, we identified that CSPα1 is the major isoform in developing rat SACs and the inner plexiform layer during the first postnatal week. Using SAC-specific expression, we found that the CSPα1-PKA-phosphodeficient mutant (CSP-S10A) decreased wave frequency, but did not alter the wave spatial correlation compared to control, wild-type CSPα1 (CSP-WT), or two PKA-phosphomimetic mutants (CSP-S10D and CSP-S10E). These suggest that CSPα-S10 phosphodeficiency in SACs dampens the frequency of cholinergic waves. Moreover, the level of phospho-PKA substrates was significantly reduced in SACs overexpressing CSP-S10A compared to control or CSP-WT, suggesting that the dampened wave frequency is correlated with the decreased PKA activity. Further, compared to control or CSP-WT, CSP-S10A in SACs reduced the periodicity of wave-associated postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in neighboring RGCs, suggesting that these RGCs received the weakened synaptic inputs from SACs overexpressing CSP-S10A. Finally, CSP-S10A in SACs decreased the PSC amplitude and the slope to peak PSC compared to control or CSP-WT, suggesting that CSPα-S10 phosphodeficiency may dampen the speed of the SAC-RGC transmission. Thus, via PKA-mediated phosphorylation, CSPα in SACs may facilitate the SAC-RGC transmission, contributing to the robust frequency of cholinergic waves.
Public pensions and low-income dynamics in Canada
Authors: El-Attar Mayssun , Fonseca Raquel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on individuals over 50 and shows that considering persistence and low-income dynamics is essential for understanding poverty. We use administrative data for Canada from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults. The paper shows that poverty for seniors is highly persistent and strongly depends on lifetime earnings. We show that beginning to receive a public pension implies a higher probability of exit from poverty. Public pensions thereby help to explain the lower overall incidence of poverty among the elderly. These results are confirmed in a dynamic probit model, which allows controlling for individuals' unobserved heterogeneity and state dependence. While public pensions do not eliminate poverty among older adults, they help to alleviate it by reducing persistence and increasing exit for those who are most at risk.
Opioid withdrawal syndrome developing after long-term administration of naldemedine
Authors: Ishida Mayumi , Uchida Nozomu , Yabuno Akira , Hasegawa Kosei , Mizunuma Naoki , Takahashi Takao , Onishi Hideki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveOne of the side effects of opioid administration is opioid-induced constipation (OIC). To address this side effect, the oral peripheral μ opioid receptor antagonist naldemedine was developed. As this drug does not cross the blood–brain barrier, it is thought that it does not lead to opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS) with central nervous system symptoms.MethodsHere, we report a cancer patient who presented with symptoms centered round anxiety and irritation 4 months after administration of naldemedine for OIC and who was diagnosed with OWS after close investigation.ResultsThe patient was a 65-year-old female who had surgery for stage IB endometrial cancer 4 years previously, but experienced recurrence involving the pelvis 2 years later. Medical narcotics were used to control pain, but naldemedine was started to control subsequent constipation. When naldemedine-related OWS was suspected and the administration of naldemedine discontinued, the above symptoms disappeared within two days, and no recurrence was observed thereafter.Significance of the resultsFor patients receiving naldemedine, it is necessary to consider the possibility of OWS regardless of the period of administration in order to maintain patient quality of life.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and mediative behavioral therapy for the treatment of suffocation related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A case report
Authors: Oudman Erik , Baert Jill C.M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an established treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Some patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience PTSD following choking or suffocation in the course of progressive loss of the ability to breathe. Although a loss of breathing functions in ALS is relatively common, there are currently no studies available on treatment for the fear of choking following advanced ALS.MethodsIn this case study, we describe the positive effects of EMDR, an evidence-based form of trauma therapy, in a 48-year-old female, suffering from advanced ALS. As the consequence of ALS, she was not able to speak or breath independently, but could communicate through a speech-generating device. She experienced panic attacks, flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety after her tracheostomy jammed, and she almost suffocated.ResultsMediative treatment was started by instructing the care staff to respond neutrally with step-by-step instructions following tracheostomy jam, resulting in significantly less panic attacks and flashbacks. EMDR was initiated two weeks later, and resulted in full remittance of the trauma symptomatology.Significance of the resultsThe present case study suggests that symptoms of PTSD, namely the strong fear of suffocation, can be successfully treated by means of mediative behavioral therapy combined with EMDR.
Ocean Ventilation Controls the Contrasting Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake Rates Between the Western and Eastern South Atlantic Ocean Basins
Authors: Gao Hui , Cai Wei‐Jun , Jin Meibing , Dong Changming , Timmerman Amanda H. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe South Atlantic Ocean is an important region for anthropogenic CO2 (Canth) uptake and storage in the world ocean, yet is less studied. Here, after an extensive sensitivity test and method comparison, we applied an extended multiple linear regression method with six characteristic water masses to estimate Canth change or increase (ΔCanth) between 1980s and 2010s in the South Atlantic Ocean using two meridional transects (A16S and A13.5) and one zonal transect (A10). Over a period of about 25 years, the basin‐wide ΔCanth was 3.86 ± 0.14 Pg C decade−1. The two basins flanking the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge had different meridional patterns of ΔCanth, yielding an average depth‐integrated ΔCanth in the top 2000 m of 0.91 ± 0.25 mol m−2 yr−1 along A16S on the west and 0.57 ± 0.22 mol m−2 yr−1 along A13.5 on the east. The west‐east basin ΔCanth contrasts were most prominent in the tropical region (0–20°S) in the Surface Water (SW), approximately from equator to 35°S in the Subantarctic Mode Water (Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW)), and all latitudes in the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). Less ΔCanth in the eastern basin than the western basin was caused by weaker ventilation driven by SAMW and AAIW formation and subduction and stronger Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation in the former than the latter. In addition to the spatial heterogeneity, Canth increase rates accelerated from the 1990s to the 2000s, consistent with the overall increase in air‐sea CO2 exchange in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Magnetic Signatures of the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Schnepf N. R. , Minami T. , Toh H. , Nair M. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn 15 January 2022, at around 04:00 UTC, the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai explosively erupted. We examine data from 10 Pacific Ocean geomagnetic observatories and process the data using both high pass filters and cross‐wavelet analyses to enable evaluating the time‐frequency characteristics of the magnetic signals across the Pacific region. At the Western Samoa observatory (API), magnetic signals of 3–8 min period, and visible in both vertical and horizontal fields, arrived at ∼04:44 UTC. The observatories at Chichijima Island (CBI) and Easter Island (IPM) both had local magnetic signatures concurrent with the eruption's water wave arrival and period ranges from, respectively, 13–93 and 5–100+ min. At CBI and IPM, the magnetic signal may be due to both the eruption's tsunami water wave and atmospheric/ionospheric sources. Our results suggest that the magnetic signatures from the eruption are identifiable and may be further separated in future studies.
Bacterial matrix metalloproteases and serine proteases contribute to the extra-host inactivation of enteroviruses in lake water
Authors: Corre Marie-Hélène , Bachmann Virginie , Kohn Tamar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Enteroviruses are ubiquitous contaminants of surface waters, yet their fate in presence of microbial congeners is poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the inactivation of Echovirus-11 (E11) and Coxsackievirus-A9 (CVA9) by bacteria isolated from Lake Geneva. Incubation of E11 or CVA9 in biologically active lake water caused inactivation of 2- and 4-log10, respectively, within 48 h. To evaluate the antiviral action of individual bacterial species, we isolated 136 bacterial strains belonging to 31 genera from Lake Geneva. The majority of isolates (92) induced decay of at least 1.5-log10 of CVA9, whereas only 13 isolates induced a comparable inactivation on E11. The most extensive viral decay was induced by bacterial isolates producing matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Correspondingly, the addition of a specific MMP inhibitor to lake water reduced the extent of inactivation for both viruses. A lesser, though significant protective effect was also observed with inhibitors of chymotrypsin-like or trypsin-like proteases, suggesting involvement of serine proteases in enterovirus inactivation in natural systems. Overall, we demonstrate the direct effect of bacterial proteases on the inactivation of enteroviruses and identify MMPs as effective controls on enteroviruses’ environmental persistence.
Neural correlates of co-occurring pain and depression: an activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zheng Carmen Jiamin , Van Drunen Sarah , Egorova-Brumley Natalia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationship between pain and depression is thought to be bidirectional and the underlying neurobiology ‘shared’ between the two conditions. However, these claims are often based on qualitative comparisons of brain regions implicated in pain or depression, while focused quantitative studies of the neurobiology of pain-depression comorbidity are lacking. Particularly, the direction of comorbidity, i.e., pain with depression vs. depression with pain, is rarely addressed. In this systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020219876), we aimed to delineate brain correlates associated with primary pain with concomitant depression, primary depression with concurrent pain, and equal pain and depression comorbidity, using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. Neuroimaging studies published in English until the 28th of September 2021 were evaluated using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 70 studies were included, of which 26 reported stereotactic coordinates and were analysed with ALE. All studies were assessed for quality by two authors, using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Our results revealed paucity of studies that directly investigated the neurobiology of pain-depression comorbidity. The ALE analysis indicated that pain with concomitant depression was associated with the right amygdala, while depression with concomitant pain was related primarily to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We provide evidence that pain and depression have a cumulative negative effect on a specific set of brain regions, distinct for primary diagnosis of depression vs. pain.