bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitological and Histopathological Observations of Huffmanela Species Infesting Spot-Tail Shark Carcharhinus sorrah from Water of Arabian Gulf; Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baghdadi Hanadi , Al-Salem‎ Afaf , Ibrahim‎ Mustafa , Mahmoud Mahmoud‎ , Bayoumy Elsayed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fifteen (10%) of Spot-Tail Shark; Carcharhinus sorrah; out of one hundred and fifty samples that were caught from the water of the Arabian Gulf and examined during the period of May till November 2018. They showed unusual black irregular discolouration in the form of linear tracks together with fine, tiny black spots on the skin. The Parasitological examination showed bipolar eggs somewhat resemble those of the nematode genus Huffmanela (Nematode, Trichosomoididae). The parasitological examination revealed the presence of dark-shelled trichinelloid embryonated eggs dispersed at some stage in the skin and muscular tissue. The eggs were 110 to 140 (130 ± 2.4) ×55 to 65(59±2.8) µm in size, with large polar plugs 11.2-11.8(11.5±0.15) ×6.5-7.1(6.7±0.13) µm length by width. The species of trichosomoidid nematode, Huffmanela sp. was recorded from C. sorrah. Brief egg morphology was reported and compared with most related previously described species. The histopathological examination of the infected shark fish revealed that the epidermal layer showed clear, dark brown eggs of Huffmanela in between the placoid scales and most prominent in the epidermal layers. Huffmanela eggs showed morphological differences from the previously identified ones, so they could be considered a new species in a new geographical location and in a newly infected shark fish host.
A nomogram to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube
Authors: Chen Qing-Feng , Lin Bin-qiang , Zhang Jun-rong , Xue Chao-rong , Pan Jie , Huang Zheng-yuan , Chen Xian-qiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This article investigated patient clinical data to establish a nomogram to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube.Methods: We identified 210 patients with small bowel obstruction treated with ileus tube (January 2014 to January 2020) from a prospectively collected database. Among them, 117 cases were successfully relieved (Successful group), and 93 cases failed (Failure group).Results: The Successful group had a higher age and body mass index, as well as a shorter time from obstruction to insertion than the failure group before insertion of the ileus tube. White blood cell, neutrophil, red blood cell distribution width and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were lower in the successful group after insertion of the ileus tube. In addition, white blood cell, neutrophil, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased in the successful group after insertion. However, the result was the opposite in the Failure group. The success rate of paralytic ileus was the highest (79.4%). Patients with fecal stone ileus had the most rapid ventilation and defecation times. Multivariate analysis showed that the platelet-change, albumin after insertion, time from obstruction to insertion and obstruction factors were independent factors influencing the success rate of ileus tube insertion. In addition, we established nomograms to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube (C-index=0.753).Conclusion: This nomogram can effectively predict whether patients can successfully relieve obstruction by ileus tube, which provides convenience for clinical treatment.
Differentiating between adult intracranial medulloblastoma and ependymoma using MRI
Authors: Deng Juan , Xue Caiqiang , Liu Xianwang , Li Shenglin , Zhou Junlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
It is difficult to distinguish between adult intracranial medulloblastomas and ependymomas because of their overlapping imaging manifestations. However, considering their different treatments and prognoses, accurate preoperative differential diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to investigate the value of routine magnetic resonance (MR) examination combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of adult intracranial medulloblastomas and ependymomas.
Materials and Methods
MR images of 18 medulloblastomas and 18 ependymomas in adult patients were retrospectively analyzed, and differences in MR features of lesions and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of solid lesions between the two groups were recorded. Independent sample t-tests and χ2 tests were used to analyze the differences in MR signs and maximum ADC (ADCmax), minimum ADC (ADCmin), and mean ADC (ADCmean) values between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the differential diagnostic efficacy and optimal threshold for each ADC value.
Results
There were significant differences in age and tumor enhancement between adult medulloblastoma and ependymoma (P < 0.05). The ADCmax (0.69 ± 0.11 vs. 1.04 ± 0.20×10− 3 mm²/s, P < 0.001), ADCmin (0.57 ± 0.12 vs. 0.96 ± 0.21×10− 3 mm²/s, P < 0.001), and ADCmean (0.62 ± 011 vs. 1.00 ± 0.20×10− 3 mm²/s, P < 0.001) values were significantly lower in adult medulloblastoma than in ependymoma. The areas under the ROC curves of ADCmax, ADCmin, and ADCmean were 0.951, 0.957, and 0.966, respectively. The optimal ADCmean threshold was 0.75×10− 3 mm²/s, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 88.9%.
Conclusion
Routine MR imaging examination combined with DWI is helpful in differentiating between intracranial infratentorial medulloblastoma and ependymoma in adults.
Spatial variation and controlling parameters of surface water stable isotope signatures (δ 18O and δ 2H) in Iran
Authors: Heydarizad Mojtaba , Mohammadabadi Hamid Ghalibaf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Surface water resources beside groundwater resources have dominant role to provide water supply for Iran. Stable isotopes technique as an accurate and reliable method has been used to study surface water resources in Iran. Stable isotopes signatures in surface water resources is under influence of both evaporation as well as moisture sources variations. Surface water resources across Iran have been classified to seven groups including North-eastern Iran, North-western Iran, North-central Iran, Western Zagros, Southern Zagros, South Iran, and Central Iran. The role of various moisture sources on surface water resources recharge has been studied by comparing δ18O & δ2H values in surface water resources with Iran meteoric water lines. Furthermore, the contribution percentage of each air mass (precipitation events originate each air mass) in the recharge of main rivers across Iran has been calculated using mixing model "Simmr-package" in R language. The evaporation effect in surface water resources is also studied by comparing stable isotopes signatures in surface water resources with local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) as well as calculating the line-conditioned excess (lc-excess). The more depleted lc-excess is observed in dam reservoirs, lakes and seas due to stronger evaporation compare to river water samples.
Etiology Model for Clinical Studies’ Intramuscular Injection of Saline Solution Control Driving Innate Immune Response Associated Adverse Events in Volunteers
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clinical studies include placebo controls to enable differentiation between treatment efficacy and adverse events from placebo effects. Intramuscular injection of saline solution was used in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials as the placebo control. The underlying hypothesis is that intramuscular injection of saline solution does not cause adverse events. Herein, an alternative hypothesis is advanced that intramuscular injection of saline solution can stimulate innate immune responses in volunteers and that these adverse events are not placebo effects. This implies that clinical studies including intramuscular injection of saline solution controls are comparing vaccine associated adverse events with saline solution innate immune response adverse events. This article proposes that innate immune responses to intramuscular injection of saline solution triggers a temporary surge in histamine levels. Further, this temporary surge of histamine levels is causative for the local and systemic adverse events experienced by the control volunteers.
Low-Dose Fluoroscopy Technique Drastically Decreases Patient Radiation Exposure during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Cheng Galen , Campbell Timothy , Feng Changyong , Quarrier Scott , Jain Rajat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionFluoroscopy is essential in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) but exposes patients and operating room staff to radiation. We investigated whether a low-dose (LD) protocol could reduce radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided access without compromising clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients undergoing PCNL with fluoroscopy-guided access at a tertiary care stone center between January 2019 to July 2021 were identified. Prior to September 3, 2020, the Philips Veradius C-arm’s default settings were used: standard per-frame dose, 15 pulses per second (PPS) frame rate. After this date, a low-dose protocol was used: reduced per-frame dose, reduced frame rate of 8 PPS for needle puncture and 4 PPS for all other steps. Clinical and radiographical data were retrospectively collected. The primary outcome was cumulative radiation dose. Secondary outcomes were stone-free status (SFS; defined as no fragments ³2mm) and complications. Multivariate regression analysis was performed.Results100 patients were identified; 31 were in the LD group. The LD cohort was exposed to a significantly lower mean cumulative radiation dose of 11.68 mGy compared to 48.88 mGy (p<0.0001). There were no differences in operative time, fluoroscopy time, stone burden, SFS or complications. In a multivariable regression model adjusting for several variables, LD protocol was associated with lower radiation dose while skin-to-calyx-distance (STCD) was positively associated with cumulative radiation dose. Higher preoperative stone burden was associated with longer operative time (p=0.0001) and lower odds of postoperative SFS (odds ratio=0.959, p=0.0007).ConclusionsLow-dose fluoroscopy and decreased frame rate during PCNL decreased radiation exposure four-fold without affecting SFS or complication rates.
White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities and Cognitive Functions Assessment in First versus Multiple episodes of Euthymic Bipolar Cases
Authors: Aufa Ola Mohamed , Shahawi Heba Hamed El , Sakr Housam Mousa , Effat Safeya Mahmoud , Nagar zeinab mohamed El 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, several studies have detected cognitive impairment and microstructural deficits of white matter in bipolar disorder type. It is still unclear if these structural and cognitive abnormalities in bipolar disorder are progressive or static.
Results
The study was conducted on 40 cases with bipolar disorder I during euthymic state (20 cases with single episodes and 20 cases with multiple episodes) and 20 healthy participants. Assessment of white matter integrity of selected regions and tracts using diffusion tensor imaging technique and correlated the findings with cognitive functions results. Cases with BD I both with a single episode or multiple episodes showed deficits than the control group in all the selected regions for Diffusion Tensor Imaging study in comparison to controls. Also, more deficits were found as regards cognitive functions include (memory, executive functions, and sustained attention). On the other hand, cases with multiple episodes had more deficit than those with a single episode regarding seven regions of interest (left and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left and right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left uncinate fasciculus, right cingulum, and right inferior frontal area) as well as more impairment in executive functions and sustained attention which correlated with these white matter deficits.
Conclusion
The present findings indicate that white matter microstructural abnormalities and cognitive functions deficits could serve as state and trait markers in cases with bipolar disorder I. The detected abnormalities could affect the future in early diagnosis and intervention, thus facilitating functional recovery in cases with bipolar disorder I.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in a Tertiary Hospital, Mogadishu-Somalia
Authors: Sidow Nor Osman , Ali Abdiladhif Mohamed , Kög Nilüfer , Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Mohamud HayirTahlil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Basic in Somali. a country in East Africa, no data are available about key features of stroke such as incidence, prevalence, and mortality or stroke subtypes. So. we decided to conduct this study to make sure the rate burden of stroke in our population and become a starting data for further research.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe performed a retrospective hospital-based study in Mogadishu, Somali, to assess risk factors and etiology of stroke. Patients were recruited from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, at the MogadishuSomali–Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital.RESULTSA total of 292 participants with stroke (65.4% male and 34.6% women) were analyzed. The prevalence of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes were 66.8% and 33.2% respectively. A system for categorization of subtypes of ischemic stroke mainly based on etiology has been developed for the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)[7], the most prevalent were stroke of other determined etiology (28.7%), undetermined (24.6%) and large artery disease (22.1%) while the least common ischemic strokes were lunar stroke (11.3%) and cardio embolic (13.3%). The most prevalent hemorrhagic strokes were Basal ganglia CONCLUSIONS: In Somalia there is no previous data for the prevalence and risk factors of the stroke. We concluded that the prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke in Somalia is more compared than the other countries (from 20% worldwide to 33.2% Somali). And the most risk factors were hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Assessing heavy metal pollution in the Rietspruit, Far West Rand Goldfield, South Africa
Authors: Raji Iyioluwa , Bett SK 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand Basin, the Basin has experienced over 100 years of mining activities. However, the removal of the precious stones buried several meters below the earth surface has led to water and sediment pollution by heavy metals. In this study, the concentration of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the water and sediment samples collected in the Rietspruit. The Rietspruit is a perennial stream located in the Witwatersrand Basin, the source of the water is attributed to the discharge of mine water by a gold and uranium mine located upstream of the river. High concentration of the studied heavy metals were recorded within and some distance away from the mining environment. In this study, the maximum concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead recorded were 45.5 µg/l, 0.43 µg/l, 11.8 µg/l and 3.5 µg/l respectively in Rietspruit water. In the sediment, the maximum concentrations recorded were 550.4 mg/kg, 3.88 mg/kg, 2.44 mg/kg and 184.3 mg/kg in arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead respectively. In areas where human exposure was observed, the concentrations of mercury was higher than the guideline limit of the metal in water. As a result, the use of the Rietspruit water for agricultural, domestic and religious purposes must be discouraged and adequate intervention of the study area is needed.
Major amputation needed to treat purulent tenosynovitis and necrotizing fasciitis in a patient diagnosed with severe COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Toga Akira , Balaji Ayush , Nagura Shigeki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Peripheral human bite wounds are rarely serious and are typically treated medically, with the most complex cases requiring only minor amputation or excision of the infected site. There are few to no reports documenting the development of purulent tenosynovitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and osteomyelitis from these lesions. Major amputations are required only rarely in these cases.
Case Presentation:
A 71-year-old woman presented with an uncontrolled infection following a self-inflicted bite wound to her left middle finger. A bacterial culture of the lesion revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The infection could not be controlled with antibiotics or additional interventions, including debridement and minor amputation. She contracted severe COVID-19 while in the hospital which limited the available treatment options. In an attempt to control the infection, the patient ultimately underwent a major amputation of the distal left forearm. While recovering from the procedure, the patient succumbed to septic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest
Conclusions
The unusual progression of this case may be attributed to the interventions required to treat acute COVID-19 as well as a variety of confounding factors. For example, vasopressors and steroids used to treat severely-ill patients compromise the local and systemic physiologic responses to acute bacterial infection. It is important to reconsider clinical expectations during the pandemic and intervene as early as possible to prevent ongoing damage and clinical deterioration.
Effect of Bamboo Mat Reinforcements on Behaviour of Cohesionless Soil Using Triaxial Tests
Authors: Akhil K S , Sankar N , Chandrakaran S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ground improvement has become a routine process due to the scarcity of suitable land for construction. The soil reinforcement technique is one of the versatile methods and soil reinforcement using geosynthetic materials has become more popular due to its simplicity. Due to rising costs and the concern over the environmental issues associated with it, the researchers search for natural products to utilize for soil reinforcement. In the present study, bamboo mats are used as reinforcement material in cohesionless soil. A series of triaxial tests were performed to assess the efficacy of bamboo mat as a reinforcement element in different configurations and the effect of configuration also reported here. In addition to that, the effect of confining pressure and the number of layers are also presented. A non-dimensional factor called Shear Strength Ratio measures the degree of improvement in peak deviator stress due to the inclusions. To quantify the degree of improvement, a factor called Shear Strength Ratio is used. The results show that bamboo mat inclusions are highly effective as soil reinforcement elements and inclusions considerably improve the shear strength parameters.
On the Efficacy of Average Weightings Predicting Joint Choices in Bilateral Negotiations with Attribute Tradeoffs
Authors: Menasco Michael Brian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Conventional wisdom suggests negotiators demonstrate a predisposition toward weight averaging or the averaging of attribute values. One assumption is that weight averaging generates a maximizing joint choice based on joint preference or ‘utility’ over attribute values. We test this assumption in a simulated experiment predicting joint choice when there are trade-offs in two attributes and negotiators average their intrinsic weightings paramorphic to a multi -attribute model. We show that joint weights by averaging, or negotiation must be equal (a 50/50 weighing of the two attributes) to achieve maximum joint preference or utility. Consistent with prior research, results find that a relative 50/50 weighing of the two attributes is dependent both on the symmetry or asymmetry of negotiators’ preference functions for the two attributes and possible cognitive conflict inherent to negotiators intrinsic individual weightings. For instance, negotiators’ individual weightings (\(.2, .8\)) vs (.\(8, .2\)) resulting in average weights of (\(.5, .5\)) involve less cognitive conflict than negotiating weightings of (\(.7, .3\)) vs (.\(1, .9\)) to achieve joint weights of (\(.5, .5\)). The paper concludes by summarizing the primary results of the simulation related to extant research and presents possible modeling for negotiations over three attributes of which at least two attributes are strictly tradeoffs.
SEMA6D, negatively regulated by miR-7, contributes to C28/I2chondrocyte’s catabolic and anabolic activities via p38 signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Yang Zhicheng , Yu Zhentang , Xiong Chenwei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Junjie , Huang Yong , Zhou Xindie , Li Jin , Xu Nanwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
MiR-7 has been recognized as an osteoarthritis (OA) promoting factor, but thespecific down-stream pathway of miR-7 still remains unknown. Further investigationof the molecular regulatory mechanism of miR-7 might help develop a novel therapeutic method for OA. In this study, we revealed that Semaphorin 6D(SEMA6D) was a direct target gene of miR-7, and presented a negative regulatory relationwithSEMA6D in vitro and in vivo. SEMA6D could improve OA in rat OAmodels, asindicated by H&E and Safranin O-Fast green staining, and also µCT analysis. Further evaluation of SEMA6D suggested that SEMA6D promotes the anabolismand reducesthe catabolism of C28/I2 chondrocytes via inhibiting the activation of the p38pathway. The present research illustrated that SEMA6D is a negatively regulatoryfactor of miR-7 and a pivotal mediator of catabolism and anabolismin C28/I2chondrocytes. SEMA6D exerts its function via inhibiting the activation of the p38pathway.
The inhibitory effect of KIAA1456 on the proliferation and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer through SSX1 and AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yingfeng , Gao Yanhong , Sun Congcong , Mao Yanhua , Wu Benyuan , Li Changjiang , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Jia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: KIAA1456 is effective in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. We previously confirmed that KIAA1456 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in EOC. In the current study, the specific molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of KIAA1456 underlying the repression of EOC were investigated.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expression of KIAA1456 and SSX1 in EOC and normal ovarian tissues. The relationship of KIAA1456 and SSX1 with overall survival of patients with EOC was analysed with Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank tests. KIAA1456 was overexpressed and silenced in HO8910PM cells with lentivirus. Anticancer activities of KIAA1456 was tested by CCK8, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Xenograft tumour models were used to investigate the effects of KIAA1456 on tumour growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses of microarray profiling indicated that SSX1 and the PI3K/AKT were differentially expressed in KIAA1456-overexpressing and control cells. The downstream factors of PI3K/AKT that are related to cell growth and apoptosis.Results: KIAA1456 expression was lower in EOC than in normal ovarian tissues. Its expression negatively correlated with pathological grade. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that KIAA1456 negatively correlated with SSX1 expression. The overexpression of KIAA1456 in HO8910PM cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis. The silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. A xenograft tumour experiment showed that KIAA1456 overexpression inhibited tumour growth in vivo. The overexpression of KIAA1456 inhibited SSX1 and AKT phosphorylation in HO8910PM cells, causing the inactivation of the AKT pathway and eventually reducing the expression of PCNA, CyclinD1, MMP9 and Bcl2. The silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. SSX1 overexpression could partially reverse the KIAA1456-induced biological effect.Conclusion: KIAA1456 may serve as a tumour suppressor via the inactivation of SSX1 and the AKT pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for EOC.