bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying Refugee Status Using Common Features in EMR**
Authors: Morrison Malia , Nobles Vanessa , Johnson‐Agbakwu Crista E. , Bailey Celeste , Liu Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutomated and accurate identification of refugees in healthcare databases is a critical first step to investigate healthcare needs of this vulnerable population and improve health disparities. In this study, we developed a machine‐learning method, named refugee identification system (RIS) to address this need. We curated a data set consisting of 103 refugees and 930 non‐refugees in Arizona. We compiled de‐identified individual‐level information including age, primary language, and noise‐masked home address, state‐level refugee resettlement statistics, and world language statistics. We then performed feature engineering to convert language and masked address into quantitative features. Finally, we built a random forest model to classify refugee and non‐refugees. RIS achieved high classification accuracy (overall accuracy=0.97, specificity=0.99, sensitivity=0.85, positive predictive value=0.88, negative predictive value=0.98, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.98). RIS is customizable for refugee identification outside Arizona. Its application enables large‐scale investigation of refugee healthcare needs and improvement of health disparities.
Effects of Structured 3D Electrodes on the Performance of Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: De Wolf Renée , De Rop Michiel , Hereijgers Jonas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the interest in redox flow batteries as stationary energy storage devices is growing, for which disordered three‐dimensional electrodes such as felts have been the state‐of‐the‐art due to their large surface area and improved mass transfer properties. However, such electrodes present a high pressure drop and operating cost. In this work, the performance of structured three‐dimensional electrodes in a redox flow battery was studied. Compared to the carbon felt electrode similar electrochemical behaviour was demonstrated with these structured electrodes, which were based on the most common static mixer designs, but at a power consumption that was two to three orders of magnitude lower. Moreover, due to its ordered electrode design unwanted side reactions were suppressed. Consequently, these results demonstrate the influence of structured static mixer based three‐dimensional electrodes in redox flow batteries and the opportunities they hold to surpass the current state‐of‐the‐art.
Regulating the interfacial charge transfer and constructing symmetry‐breaking sites for the enhanced N2 electroreduction activity
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Cao Yuehan , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Zhang Shishi , Liu Chengguang , Pan Lun , Shi Chengxiang , Zhang Xiangwen , Zhou Ying , Yang Guidong , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Haber–Bosch process for industrial NH3 production is energy‐intensive with heavy CO2 emissions. Electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is an attractive carbon‐neutral alternative for NH3 synthesis, while the challenge associated with N2 activation highlights the demand for efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that PdCu nanoparticles with different Pd/Cu ratios anchored on boron nanosheet (PdCu/B) behave as efficient NRR electrocatalysts toward NH3 synthesis. Theoretical and experimental results confirm that the highly efficient NH3 synthesis can be achieved by regulating the charge transfer between interfaces and forming a symmetry‐breaking site, which not only alleviates the hydrogen evolution but also changes the adsorption configuration of N2 and thus optimizes the reaction pathway of NRR over the separated Pd sites. Compared with monometallic Pd/B and Cu/B, the PdCu/B with the optimized Pd/Cu ratio of 1 exhibits superior activity and selectivity for NH3 synthesis. This study provides new insight into developing efficient catalysts for small energy molecule catalytic conversion via regulating the charge transfer between interfaces and constructing symmetry‐breaking sites.
Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions using ion exchange resins with different functional groups
Authors: Elfeghe Salem , Anwar Shams , James Lesley , Zhang Yahui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe extraction of heavy metals from industrial effluents using efficient adsorbents is crucial for wastewater treatment and beneficial for metal recycling. In this study, the removal of Cu(II) from an acidic solution by commercial resins Dowex G‐26 and Puromet™ MTS9570 was investigated. The influences of contact time, solution concentration, pH, temperature, and a resin dosage on the adsorption process were studied with batch technique. The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained at a concentration of 1100 mg/L Cu, contact time of 30 min, pH 3.5, and resin dosage of 0.025 g/ml for the removal of 99.9% and 90% of copper ions by G‐26 and MTS9570, respectively. The experimental data of copper adsorption were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The highest metal uptakes of 41.67 and 37.70 mg/g were observed for Dowex G‐26 and MTS9570, respectively. It was found that both resins had higher adsorption capacities than the substances reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetic studies showed that the copper adsorption process could be better described by the pseudo‐second order model. Adsorption occurs spontaneously under endothermic conditions, which indicates the endothermic nature of the process.
A capillary bundle model for the forced imbibition in the shale matrix with dual‐wettability
Authors: Wang Fuyong , Fu Jiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe forced imbibition during hydraulic fracturing is one of the main mechanisms of oil production in shale oil reservoirs. However, the shale matrix has complex structures of nanopores and is rich in organic matters. The wettability of nanopores in organics matters is different from the nanopores in inorganic matters, and the characteristic of dual‐wettability leads to complex mechanisms of forced imbibition. This paper proposes a model for describing the imbibition in a dual‐wettability shale oil reservoir based on the capillary tube model. The external displacement pressure gradient is also considered to study the forced and spontaneous imbibition of hydraulic fracturing liquid into oil‐wet organic nanopores and water‐wet inorganic nanopores. The slip effect in organic nanopores and the boundary‐layer effect in inorganic nanopores are considered in this model. The analytical expressions for describing the location of the oil–water imbibition front in an oil‐wet organic nanopore and a water‐wet inorganic nanopore are derived, respectively. The semi‐analytical solution for predicting flow rate in a shale core with an external pressure gradient is given and demonstrated with a case study.
Computational biomechanics of human knee joint in stair ascent: Muscle‐ligament‐contact forces and comparison with level walking
Authors: Makani Amirhossein , Shirazi‐Adl Saeed A. , Ghezelbash Farshid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbout a third of knee joint disorders originate from the patellofemoral (PF) site that makes stair ascent a difficult activity for patients. A detailed finite element model of the knee joint is coupled to a lower extremity musculoskeletal model to simulate the stance phase of stair ascent. It is driven by the mean of measurements on the hip‐knee‐ankle moments‐angles as well as ground reaction forces reported in healthy individuals. Predicted muscle activities compare well to the recorded electromyography data. Peak forces in quadriceps (3.87 BW, body weight, at 20% instance in our 607 N subject), medial hamstrings (0.77 BW at 20%), and gastrocnemii (1.21 BW at 80%) are estimated. Due to much greater flexion angles‐moments in the first half of stance, large PF contact forces (peak of 3.1 BW at 20% stance) and stresses (peak of 4.83 MPa at 20% stance) are estimated that exceed their peaks in level walking by fourfold and twofold, respectively. Compared with level walking, ACL forces diminish in the first half of stance but substantially increase later in the second half (peak of 0.76 BW at 75% stance). Under nearly similar contact forces at 20% of stance, the contact stress on the tibiofemoral (TF) medial plateau reaches a peak (9.68 MPa) twice that on the PF joint suggesting the vulnerability of both joints. Compared with walking, stair ascent increases peak ACL force and both peak TF and PF contact stresses. Reductions in the knee flexion moment and/or angle appear as a viable strategy to mitigate internal loads and pain.
A model to predict visual comfort for mobile displays
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhu Yuechen , Luo Ming Ronnier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA psychophysical experiment was carried out to investigate visual comfort when reading on three mobile displays at three luminance levels (100, 250 and 500 cd/m2) at five illuminance levels (0, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 lx). Sixty observers including 20 children, 20 young people and 20 elderly people evaluated visual comfort of 42 text‐background combinations using a six‐category point's method. Various effects of lightness contrast, lightness of background, display luminance, and ambient illuminance on visual comfort for the three age groups were revealed. Most interesting, visual comfort is strongly affected by lightness contrast and different ages. A second‐order polynomial regression model is developed to predict visual comfort based on the display settings and ambient illumination at different ages. It could be a valuable tool to design or evaluate display interfaces.
Intervals of color mismatch in chromaticity coordinates and in cone‐fundamental‐based (LMS) space
Authors: Carreño Fernando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe discuss the uncertainties in chromaticity coordinates in the color matching experiment reported by MacAdam (Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1942). We also derive the uncertainties in cone‐pigments based excitation space. The observer made color matchings by tuning the angle of a Rochon prism. The intervals of color mismatch were obtained using the average value and the SD of the angle settings. We use in this work a rigorous statistical method to derive the probability density functions (PDFs) of chromaticity coordinates assuming a Gaussian distribution for the Rochon prism angle. We also derive the PDFs of the L‐, M‐, and S‐ tristimulus values. We analyze how much the actual PDFs deviate from the Gaussian. Finally, we determine the bounds of the intervals of color mismatch assuming that the areas of the tails of each PDF are equal. The so derived intervals are compared to those reported in the original investigation due to MacAdam. We show that color‐differences for a certain confidence level cannot be obtained as a simple common scaling factor of the color differences computed for a lower confidence level. The results obtained in LMS space at corneal level exhibit asymmetries between increment and decrement thresholds.
Construction of Beyond Born‐Oppenheimer Based Diabatic Surfaces and Generation of Photoabsorption Spectra: The Touchstone Pyrazine (C4N2H4)
Authors: Hazra Saikat , Mukherjee Soumya , Ravi Satyam , Sardar Subhankar , Adhikari Satrajit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe construct theoretically “exact“ and numerically “accurate” Beyond Born‐Oppenheimer (BBO) based diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of pyrazine (C4N2H4) molecule involving lowest four excited adiabatic PESs (S1 to S4) and nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) among those surfaces as functions of nonadiabatically active normal modes (Q1, Q6a, Q9a and Q10a) to compute its photoabsorption (PA) spectra. Those adiabatic PESs are calculated using CASSCF as well as MRCI based methodologies, where NACTs are obtained from CP‐MCSCF approach. Employing ab initio quantities (adiabatic PESs and NACTs), it is possible to depict the conical intersections (CIs) and develop matrices of diabatic PESs over six normal mode planes. Once single‐valued, smooth, symmetric and continuous 2×2 and 4×4 diabatic surface matrices are in hand for the first time, such matrices are used to perform multi‐state multi‐mode nuclear dynamics with the aid of Time‐Dependent Discrete Variable Representation (TDDVR) methodology initializing the product type wavefunction on
(S1) and
(S2) states to obtain the corresponding PA spectra. TDDVR calculated spectra for those states (S1 and S2) obtained from BBO based 2×2 and 4×4 diabatic surface matrices show good and better agreement with the experimental results, respectively. Both of these calculated results depict better peak progression over the existing profiles of Multi‐Configuration Time‐Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) dynamics over 2×2 Vibronic Coupling Model (VCM) Hamiltonian.
Self‐Assembly of Chiro‐Optical Materials from Nonchiral Oligothiophene‐Porphyrin Derivatives and Random Coil Synthetic Peptides
Authors: Arja Katriann , Selegård Robert , Paloncýová Markéta , Linares Mathieu , Lindgren Mikael , Norman Patrick , Aili Daniel , Nilsson K. Peter R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiomimetic chiral optoelectronic materials can be utilized in electronic devices, biosensors and artificial enzymes. Herein, this work reports the chiro‐optical properties and architectural arrangement of optoelectronic materials generated from self‐assembly of initially nonchiral oligothiophene−porphyrin derivatives and random coil synthetic peptides. The photo‐physical‐ and structural properties of the materials were assessed by absorption‐, fluorescence‐ and circular dichroism spectroscopy, as well as dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and theoretical calculations. The materials display a three‐dimensional ordered helical structure and optical activity that are observed due to an induced chirality of the optoelectronic element upon interaction with the peptide. Both these properties are influenced by the chemical composition of the oligothiophene−porphyrin derivative, as well as the peptide sequence. We foresee that our findings will aid in developing self‐assembled optoelectronic materials with dynamic architectonical accuracies, as well as offer the possibility to generate the next generation of materials for a variety of bioelectronic applications.
Development of anxiety‐like behaviors during adolescence: Persistent effects of adolescent morphine exposure in male rats
Authors: Khani Fatemeh , Pourmotabbed Ali , Hosseinmardi Narges , Nedaei Seyed Ershad , Fathollahi Yaghoub , Azizi Hossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies show the prevalence of opioid use, misuse and abuse in adolescents, which imposes social and economic accountability worldwide. Chronic opioid exposure, especially in adolescents, may have lasting effects on emotional behaviors that persist into adulthood. The current experiments were therefore designed to study the effects of sustained opioid exposure during adolescence on anxiety‐like behaviors. Adolescent male Wistar rats underwent increasing doses of morphine for 10 days (PNDs 31–40). After that the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test were performed over a 4‐week postmorphine treatment from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, the weight of the animals was measured at these time points. We found that chronic adolescent morphine exposure reduces the weight gain during the period of morphine treatment and 4 weeks after that. It had no significant effect on the locomotor activity in the animals. Moreover, anxiolytic‐like behavior was observed in the rats exposed to morphine during adolescence evaluated by OFT and EPM test. Thus, long‐term exposure to morphine during adolescence has the profound potential of altering the anxiety‐like behavior profile in the period from adolescence to adulthood. The maturation of the nervous system can be affected by drug abuse during the developmental window of adolescence and these effects may lead to behaviorally stable alterations.
Experimental investigation of 3D flow properties around emergent rigid vegetation
Authors: Kumar Pritam , Sharma Anurag 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe condition of emergent or submerged vegetation plays a vital role in affecting the flow behaviour in open channels. To understand the flow processes in free surface flows under emergent rigid vegetation condition, an extensive experimental investigation is performed in a laboratory channel with staggered combination of emergent rigid vegetation. Three‐dimensional velocities data are collected by ADV at various section and position of vegetated channel. The three‐dimensional flow properties such as velocity distribution, turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress in vegetation, and non‐disturbed region are analysed and compared with the longitudinal and transverse length of vegetated zone. In the vegetation region, the longitudinal velocity in free stream region decreases as compared with non‐disturbed region. However, the vertical velocity also decreases in free stream region except at the centre line of channel cross‐section. Variations in velocity in the vegetation section were observed because of the local effect induced by the vegetation stems. Three‐dimensional Reynolds shear stress and turbulent intensity were weaker in magnitude at vegetation region. The presence of vegetation reduces the longitudinal profile of flow velocity, Reynolds shear stress and turbulence intensities, which means that vegetation can be used as an effective tool to reduce the flow resistance. The turbulent kinetic energy, skewness and kurtosis are also evaluated and compared between the vegetated and non‐vegetated zone. The outcomes of the results provide an important view to understand flow behaviour at immediately front and immediately behind of vegetation stem.
Characteristics of electrical field of high‐current air arc in restricted slit‐like space by polymer plates
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Uchino Sosuke , Mori Mitsugi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn restricted slit‐like space by two polymer plates, the effects of the space width, current and atmospheric pressure on arc electrical field were investigated experimentally for high‐current air arc above several kA. As a result of the evaluations, it was found that the electrical field increases significantly with the pressure rise under condition near 0 MPa‐g, and it increases with current in the restricted space at the width less than 10 mm. Comparing the electrical field in using polymer with glass for the restricted material, it revealed that the electrical field has current dependence caused by the space width in addition to increasing effect to above 1.5–2 times by the ablation or spallation effects of the polymer.
Development of calculation method for melting amount mass of contact wire caused by melting and evaporation of molten metal bridge and arc generation
Authors: Morishita Honoka , Maeda Yoshifumi , Ren Zhenwei , Nemoto Yusuke , Hayasaka Takamasa , Iwao Toru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the mileage of the electric railway increases, the unevenness of the contact wire may separate the contact wire and the contact strip. Simultaneously, a disconnection arc discharge is generated by the molten metal bridge. This causes the contact wire to melt and evaporate causing it to break. A few studies have conducted experiments to prevent the contact wire from disconnecting. Based on the results thus obtained, they presented their hypotheses considering conditions sch as the current and time required for melting and evaporation of molten metal bridge and arc generation. In this study, a calculation method for the melting and disconnection phenomenon of the contact wire. Its mass increased when the currents from both sides of the contact wire were taken into consideration. Therefore, we obtained that the convection and radiation play an improtant role for calculation of the melting amount mass of contact wire.
Prevalence and predictors of sleep‐disordered breathing in chronic heart failure: the SchlaHF‐XT registry
Authors: Arzt Michael , Oldenburg Olaf , Graml Andrea , Schnepf Jürgen , Erdmann Erland , Teschler Helmut , Schoebel Christoph , Woehrle Holger ,   the SchlaHF‐XT investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition with increasing prevalence. Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is an important co‐morbidity in HFpEF. The SchlaHF‐XT registry evaluated the sex‐specific prevalence and predictors of SDB, including obstructive (OSA) and central sleep apnoea, in patients with HFpEF compared with heart failure with mildly reduced (HFmrEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction.Methods and resultsConsecutive adults with chronic heart failure treated according to current guidelines were enrolled. The presence of moderate‐to‐severe SDB (apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥15/h) was determined using Type 3 polygraphic devices. Of 3289 patients included, 2032 had HFpEF, 559 had HFmrEF, and 698 had HFrEF, of whom 34, 21, 23, and 42%, respectively, were female. Prevalence of SDB in HFpEF was high, but significantly lower than in HFmrEF or HFrEF (36% vs. 41 and 48%, respectively). Rates of SDB in males and females were 41 and 28% in HFpEF, 44 and 30% in HFmrEF, and 50 and 40% in HFrEF. The proportion of males and females with SDB who had OSA was significantly greater in those with HFpEF vs. HFrEF. Male sex, older age, higher body mass index, and New York Heart Association functional Class III/IV were significant predictors of moderate‐to‐severe SDB in HFpEF patients.ConclusionsPrevalence of SDB in HFpEF was high, but lower than in patients with HFmrEF or HFrEF. Moderate‐to‐severe SDB occurred more frequently in males than in females across the whole spectrum of heart failure. In both sexes, the proportion of OSA in SDB patients with HFpEF was higher than in those with HFrEF.
Dielectrophoretic characterization of macrophage phenotypes
Authors: Soe Mi Thant Mon , Spiller Kara L. , Noh Moses 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent macrophage phenotypes play important roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. In this study, we have characterized the dielectrophoretic responses of human monocytes and macrophage phenotypes: nonactivated (M0), pro‐inflammatory (M1), and pro‐healing (M2a). Dielectrophoretic responses of cells change as a function of frequency of the applied electric field. We measured the crossover frequency at which cells transition from negative to positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) or vice versa using interdigitated electrodes. For these characterization experiments, we also developed a new low‐conductivity media formulation that retained 100% of the initial viability for 1 h. Human THP1 monocytes showed a distinguishable DEP response from mature macrophages. M1 macrophages also showed a distinct DEP response compared to M0 and M2a macrophages. No clear distinction could be drawn between M0 and M2a. The median values of the crossover frequencies of monocytes, M0, M1, and M2a were 38, 21, 11, and 23 kHz, respectively. Membrane capacitances of these cells were calculated consequently, and the values were 0.0111, 0.0128, 0.0244, and 0.0117 F/m2 for monocytes, M0, M1, and M2a, respectively. These results show how bioelectric properties are influenced by changes in macrophage phenotype.