bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivar Dependent Variation in Pathogen Resistance due to Tissue Culture-propagation of Strawberries
Authors: Shoemaker Nancy P. , Swartz Harry J. , Galletta Gene J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture-propagated (TC) strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) had a cultivar-dependent shift in susceptibility to Phytophthora fragariae Hickman and Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke and Berthold root-rotting fungi. TC-propagated ‘Tribute’, a resistant cultivar, had a disease reaction similar to that of runner-propagated ‘Tribute’ plants. TC-propagated and juvenile selfed seedlings of ‘Raritan’, a susceptible cultivar, were more susceptible to these diseases than ‘Raritan’ runner plants. The TC plant disease reaction shifted toward the runner plant (or usual clonal) reaction with increasing time out of in vitro culture.
Relationship of Morphological Development to Meiotic Occurrence in Various Small Fruits
Authors: Goldy Ronald G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flower buds of blackberries, blueberries, grapes, raspberries, and strawberries were observed in order to determine the relationship of morphological development and meiosis. Blueberries showed the least development whereas grapes and brambles had considerable development prior to meiosis. Meiotic figures were found with relative ease in blueberries, strawberries, and grapes but with difficulty in brambles.
Combining Ability of Blueberry Interspecific Hybrids for Growth on Upland Soil
Authors: Chandler C. K. , Draper A. D. , Galletta G. J. , Bouwkamp J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adaptation to upland soils was investigated in a diallel study involving progeny of 4 blueberry (Vactinium) clones consisting of 1 highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) clone and 3 interspecific hybrids. Both general and specific combining ability were significant. Seedling progenies of NJUS 11 (V. ashei × V. atrococcum) and US75 (V. darrowi × V. corymbosum) grew well on an upland soil. Although not included in the diallel crosses, NJUS 64 (V. myrsinites × V. angustifolium) progenies also grew well on upland soil.
Water Stress, Endogenous Ethylene, and Ficus benjamina Leaf Abscission
Authors: Richard Graves William , Gladon Richard J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina L. were subjected to 48 hr of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Leaf abscission and concentrations of endogenous ethylene (C2H4) in the leaves were monitored. Leaf abscission began 24 to 48 hr after stress initiation, and most abscission occurred within the first 24 hr after water stress was relieved. PEG-stressed plants lost 35% to 47% of their leaves by 120 hr after the experiment was initiated. Older leaves abscised first and remained green throughout the abscission process. Endogenous C2H4 concentrations increased sharply and then declined during the first 6 hr of water stress. Endogenous C2H4 concentrations then increased gradually, and, by the time leaf abscission began, leaves contained 1.50 to 2.25 µl C2H4/liter.
Tall Fescue Turf Performance under a Tree Shade
Authors: Wu Lin , Huff David , Davis William B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Four tall fescue (Festuca arundincea Schreb.) cultivars: ‘Alta’, ‘Falcon’, ‘Rebel’ and ‘Houndog’ were examined for turf performance under a tree shade. ‘Alta’ showed a more inferior turf performance than the rest of the 3 cultivars. No difference between cultivars in turf quality was detected among ‘Falcon’, ‘Rebel’ and ‘Houndog’ under the tree shade. Shade resulted in a greater reduction in plant size than in plant density. All cultivars produced a reasonable turf stand under 70% tree shade. No shade related disease problem was found in the tall fescue cultivars tested.
Response of Tilia cordata and Acer platanoides in Pots to Nitrogen Levels
Authors: Barnett C. E. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of 2 ornamental tree species, Tilia cordata Mill, (littleleaf linden) and Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) were grown outdoors in containers for 1 season under 6 N regimes (0, 52.5 105, 210, 420, and 840 ppm N) in a turface/peat medium. At 6, 12, and 15 weeks, plants were harvested, growth parameters measured, and data analyzed by covariance. Optimum growth under the conditions imposed by the experiment occurred at 210 and 420 ppm N, although the response of A. platanoides was less consistent than that of T. cordata. Zero, 52.5, and 840 ppm N limited growth.
Freezing Tolerance in the Genus Ficus
Authors: Hummel Rita L. , Johnson C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Freezing tolerances of 31 evergreen and semi-evergreen Ficus species growing out-doors at Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Fla., were determined in late Dec. 1982. Five species, Ficus hookeriana Corner, F. montana Burm.f., F. rubiginosa Desf. ex Venten., F. tinctoria Forst.f., and F. trigonata L. survived freezing at −2°C whereas the hardiest species, Ficus pumila L., survived −4°. The other 25 species failed to survive freezing at −2°. A tender species, Ficus benjamina L., grown under natural environmental conditions in Gainesville, Fla., failed to survive a Jan. 1983 freeze of −4°. Freezing avoidance via supercooling appeared to be an effective means of survival for F. benjamina, as evidenced by 80% rooting in samples that supercooled to −2° and −4°.
Description of a Basic Program for Data Collection using a Portable Microcomputer
Authors: Gilreath J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Data collection and analysis are time-consuming processes. Each time data are transcribed, the probability of error increases. Electronic data collection devices are commercially available; however, they are relatively expensive (more than $2000). In addition, they may require programming by the user, or purchase of program instructions in the form of read-only memory (ROM) chips. Many individuals cannot afford to invest in one of these devices. Several lightweight portable computers are now available for under $1000. Among these is one sold by Radio Shack under the trade name TRS 80 Model 100 (Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation, Fort Worth, TX 76102) which can be purchased with different amounts of memory and comes with a phone modem for telecommunications, an RS-232C interface, a text editor, and resident MBASIC (Microsoft Corporation, 10700 Northrup Way, Bellevue, WA 98004) programming language. MBASIC is a relatively common version of BASIC which is available for a large selection of computers. The Model 100 could thus be used for data collection, text preparation, and programming applications in BASIC. Currently, no menu-driven data collection programs are available for the Model 100 or any other portable computer.
Virginia Horticulture
Authors: McCombs C. Leslie , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulture in the Commonwealth of Virginia has been greatly influenced by the topography of the state, and by the heritage of early settlers. In the Handbook of Virginia, published in 1866, 6 “great natural divisions” were recognized: the Tidewater, Middle Virginia, Piedmont, the Blue Ridge, the Shenandoah Valley, and Appalachia. These divisions, which rise in altitude from east to west, were said to have “differences of climate, soil production and require separate considerations in every respect.” Superimposed on these regions were the culture and national heritage of the settlers which had a great influence on the scope and scale of the state's agricultural development.
In Vitro Propagation of Java, New Guinea, and Java x New Guinea Impatiens
Authors: Stephens L. C. , Krell S. L. , Weigle J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro propagation of induced tetraploid Java (J) Impatiens platypetala Lindl. TR6-19, New Guinea (NG) Impatiens sp. ‘Skyrocket’, and 2 interspecific J x NG hybrids, T63-1 and T63-3, was achieved by culturing shoot tips on agar-solidified MS revised medium supplemented with levels of kinetin and NAA. The mean number of shoots per shoot tip increased linearly from 0.3 shoots at 1.39 µM to 8.5 shoots at 139.0 µM kinetin for T63-1, the most responsive genotype. The number of shoots produced by T63-1 and T63-3 were not significantly different, but both hybrids produced significantly more shoots than either ‘Skyrocket’ or TR6-19. Shoot tips produced in vitro rooted readily and were transferred successfully to soil. Chemical name used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Residual Effects of Chlormequat on Garden Performance in Sun and Shade of Seed and Cutting-propagated Cultivars of Geraniums
Authors: Schwartz Mary Ann , Payne R. N. , Sites Garry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geranium cultivars ‘Sooner Red’ (seed) and ‘Yours Truly’ (cuttings) were grown in the greenhouse and treated with 0 ppm or a double foliar application of 1500 ppm chlormequat (Cycocel). Growth and flowering were evaluated and then plants were planted outdoors and grown under full sun, 30% and 63% shade to determine residual effects of the chlormequat applications. During greenhouse production, chlormequat treated plants were significantly shorter than untreated plants for both cultivars. Flower production by 15 May was not affected significantly. There was no interaction between chlormequat treatment and shade level. Chlormequat increased flowering significantly for ‘Sooner Red’ 1-15 June. This trend was reversed later in the season. Flowering of ‘Yours Truly’ was unaffected by chlormequat application. Chlormequat-treated ‘Sooner Red’ plants remained significantly shorter than untreated plants throughout the season. As the shade level increased, flower production declined on ‘Sooner Red’. ‘Yours Truly’ performed equally well in sun or 30% shade, but plants in 63% shade produced fewer flowers. The 63% shade increased plant height for both cultivars. As shade increased, final dry weight decreased for ‘Sooner Red’ but not for ‘Yours Truly’.
Electrophoretic Identification of Carnation Cultivars
Authors: Messeguer R. , Arús P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf extracts of 10 carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars were submitted to electrophoresis and stained for 10 enzyme systems. Variability was found in 5 enzymes: phosphoglucoisomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, esterase, phosphogluco-mutase, and shikimic dehydrogenase. Based on the isozyme phenotype of each cultivar for the variable enzymes, it was possible to distinguish 7 of the 10 cultivars tested. The remaining 3 cultivars had the same banding patterns.
Influence of Different Levels and Timing of Supplemental Irradiation on Pot Chrysanthemum Production
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Supplemental photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 77, 148 and 231 μmol s-1m-2) was provided to Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ‘Paragon’ during 14 days each of rooting (24 hr daily), long days (LD; 24 hr daily) or short days (SD; 9 hr daily) in a greenhouse. Crop growth efficiency (calculated as the ratio of the observed to potential dry weight gain) was highest under the 77 μmol s-1 m-2treatment during each stage and decreased markedly at higher irradiances. Relative growth rates were increased by all levels of supplemental PAR at each stage. The increases were proportionately smaller than the increase in total PAR in treatments above 77 μmol s-1m-2. Flower number, and flower and vegetative dry weight increased in response to 77 μmol s-1m-2 supplemental PAR, but increased irradiances had no further effect. Extension of the 77 μmol s-1m-2 treatment beyond rooting to LD significantly improved all traits over single stage treatments. Further extension into SD, however, was not beneficial.
Influence of an Antitranspirant and a Hydrogel on Net Photosynthesis and Water Loss of Cineraria during Water Stress
Authors: Tu Z. P. , Armitage A. M. , Vines H. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cineraria plants (Senecio cruentus DC) were transplanted into medium either with or without a hydrogel (polyethylene oxide). Half the plants in each medium were treated with a film-forming antitranspirant while half were not. Plants then were placed either in a clear glasshouse or a shaded glasshouse (40% shade), and no additional water was applied. Water loss was lowest for plants where both the foliage and medium were treated, whereas control plants (no treatment) lost water most rapidly regardless of light intensity. Plants which received only the hydrogel were similar in water loss to control plants at both light intensities. As water stress developed, net photosynthesis (Pn) decreased, reaching a zero rate at wilting; however, Pn measurements of treated leaves showed few significant differences due to treatment during the water stress period.
Kentucky Bluegrass Lateral Growth and Stem Rust Response to Soil Compaction Stress
Authors: Shearman R. C. , Watkins J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This field study was conducted to evaluate soil compaction stress effects on 20 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars. Compaction stress reduced lateral spread of most cultivars with none having greater spread in compacted than in non-compacted soil. ‘Vantage’, ‘Cheri’, and ‘Merion’ maintained the same lateral growth under both conditions. Compaction increased stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.) incidence, particularly for stem rust susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars.
Effect of Ethephon and Heat on the Growth and Yield of Edible Ginger
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Villanueva Jed , Tanabe Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preplant soak application of ethephon at 750 ppm in combination with a 51°C water soak for 10 min to ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe ‘Chinese’) rhizomes increased shoot number by 122% after 16 wk and rhizome weight by 38% at harvest, compared to 21° water-soaked rhizomes. The increase in rhizome weight was correlated with number of shoots per plant. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Hexazinone on Weeds and on Lowbush Blueberry Growth and Yield
Authors: Yarborough David E. , Ismail Amr A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hexazinone was applied preemergent, after pruning, at 1.1, 2.2, 4.5, or 9.0 kg/ha to a commercial lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) field. Visual ratings indicated a quadratic decline in grasses and a linear increase in blueberry injury associated with hexazinone application. Counts of weed populations showed a highly significant linear decline in meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia Borkh.) and goldenrod (So-lidago sp.) with an increase in hexazinone rate. Hexazinone treatments did not affect the density of blueberry stems, but flower buds and yield followed a quadratic trend. Hexazinone provided excellent control of many common weed species accompanied by a significant increase in blueberry yield. Chemical name used: 3-cyclohexyl-6-(di-methylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (hexazinone).
Effects of Year and Genotype on Flowering and Ripening Dates in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Lyrene P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seventeen rabbiteye blueberry clones observed for 4 years at Gainesville, Fla., showed much year-to-year and clone-to-clone variation in flowering and ripening dates. If, however, year effects were removed by expressing flowering and ripening dates as deviations from year means, the sequence in which the 17 clones flowered and ripened was highly repeatable, with little clone × year interaction.
Short-term Cold Storage and Soil Fertility during Plant and Fruit Production on Growth and Fruiting of Strawberry
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard CM 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Strawberry plants (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. ‘Dover’ and ‘Florida Belle’) produced increased December fruit yields during 2 seasons when stored at 2°C for 1 week prior to transplanting rather than transplanting directly from the nursery. The total fruit yield of ‘Dover’ decreased with storage the 2nd season, whereas the total fruit yield of ‘Florida Belle’ was unaffected by storage. Lowering the soil fertility in the nursery prior to plant harvest increased ‘Dover’ December fruit yield the 2nd season, and increased ‘Florida Belle’ December yield both seasons. Total fruit yields of both cultivars as related to nursery fertility were inconsistent. Total fruit yields of ‘Dover’ in both seasons were greater with a fertilizer application in the fruit production field of 224N-50P-224K kg·ha-1 than with double this application. Total fruit yield of ‘Florida Belle’ was not affected by fertilization in a fruiting field. During the first season, both cultivars produced more misshapen fruit with the 448N-100P-448K kg·ha-1 application than with the 224N-50P-224K kg·ha-1 application.
Correlation of Leaf Number at Transplanting to Strawberry Fruit Yield
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard CM 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optimum leaf number at transplanting, as related to fruit yield for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants which had received no chilling in the nursery, varied with cultivar. Leaf number optimum for ‘Dover’, ‘Florida Belle’, breeding line 77-163, and ‘Pajaro’ were 4, 4, 3, and greater than 5, respectively.
Pod Retention and Seed Yield of Beans in Response to Chemical Foliar Applications
Authors: Weaver M. L. , Timm H. , Ng H. , Burke D. W. , Silbernagel M. J. , Foster K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemicals often associated with pollen function in vitro were applied under field conditions to foliage of determinate, semi-determinate, and indeterminate beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to evaluate pod and seed yield response. Sprays of calcium nitrate, boric acid, ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid, detergent “Micro”, and different sugars altered pod retention and seed yield, but response varied with bean source.
A Possible Role for Cellulose and Cx-cellulase Activity in Locular Gel Formation in Tomato Fruit
Authors: Huber Donald J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cellulose contents in acetone powders derived from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Sunny’) fruit pericarp and locular gel were measured. In the pericarp, cellulose increased throughout development, whereas Cx-cellulase activity increased during ripening. Locular gel cellulose content was lower than that in pericarp at all developmental stages, increasing through the breaker stage. Beyond the breaker stage, during the terminal period of gel formation, locular gel cellulose decreased. Levels of Cx-cellulase were high in gel tissue, and maximum activity was attained prior to the decrease in gel cellulose indicating that Cx-cellulase and cellulose may be important features of gel formation.
Automatic Irrigation in a Peach Orchard
Authors: Willoughby P. , Cuming K. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Systems to control water supply commonly use one or a combination of the following measurements: 1) soil-water suction using tensiometers, 2) soil-water content from the neutron moisture meter, 3) pan evaporation, 4) rate of fruit growth, or 5) timing based on the knowledge of soil, plants, and environment in a particular orchard (1, 3, 4, 5). Most of these methods require a regular commitment of time and management skill; some are expensive (neutron meter) or need constant maintenance (tensiometers). The following report describes a matric suction sensor (MS sensor) that controls irrigation through soil-water suction.
Elimination of Toxicity from Polyurethane Foam Plugs Used for Plant Culture
Authors: Wheeler Raymond M. , Schwartzkopf Steven H. , Tibbitts Theodore W. , Langhans Robert W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyurethane foam plugs commonly are used as collars or supports to grow plants in solution culture. Despite their utility, these foam plugs can be quite toxic to plants, particularly to small seedlings. We have observed tissue injury in tests using plugs to support lettuce, red beet, and potato plants in solution culture. Typically, the injury is initiated on the hypocotyl or stem tissue in direct contact with the foam, and appears within 30 hr as a brownish discoloration on the tissue surface. This discoloration can be followed by complete collapse of affected tissue and eventual death of the seedling. When injury does not progress beyond surface browning, the seedling survives but growth is slowed. In this paper, we report on different treatments that can be used to remove the toxicity of these plugs so they can be used in plant research.
Defoliation of Deciduous Fruit Trees with Magnesium Chlorate and Cyanamide
Authors: Erez A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnesium chlorate [(Mg(C103)2] and hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2) sprays defoliated one-year-old nursery trees of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple, ‘Spadona’ pear, ‘Canino’ apricot, ‘Harry Pickstone’ plum, and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine, with no or minimal phytotoxicity. Bearing Maravilha peach trees were defoliated completely in autumn using Mg(C103)2 at 0.36%.
‘Baldwin’ Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Austin M. E. , Draper A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Baldwin’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) is a new cultivar originating from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA. It is a very productive, late-ripening cultivar with good flavor and firm, dark-blue fruit. Bacause of its lengthy ripening period ‘Baldwin’ is intended primarily for pick-your-own and backyard planting in areas of the southern United States where rabbiteye blueberries are grown successfully. ‘Baldwin’ is named in honor of Abraham Baldwin, Yale graduate, U.S. Senator, and founder and first president of the Univ. of Georgia,.
‘Henry Kelsey’ Rose
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Henry Kelsey’ rose combines winter hardiness with free and recurrent flowering, high levels of resistance to mildew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lév.], and a field resistance to blackspot (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf). ‘Henry Kelsey’ is the 3rd winter-hardy climber derived from this breeding program. It is an addition to ‘John Cabot’ (4) and ‘William Baffin’ (5) to which it compares well in winter survival, flower production, and mildew resistance. It is comparable to ‘John Cabot’ in blackspot resistance and length of flowering period, but ‘William Baffin’ is more resistant to blackspot and flowers one week longer. The bright red flowers of ‘Henry Kelsey’ are more attractive than the magenta flowers of ‘John Cabot’ and ‘William Baffin’. Another distinctive feature of ‘Henry Kelsey’ is the trailing growth habit. ‘John Cabot’ and ‘William Baffin’ have arching branches.
‘Emerald Cascade’ Oregon Boxwood
Authors: Straley Gerald B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oregon boxwood or mountain box [Pax-istima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.] in the Celas-traceae is an evergreen shrub native to western North America, from southern British Columbia and extreme southeastern Alberta south to California and New Mexico. It grows in well-drained soils in a wide variety of moderately moist to dry habitats in full sun or partial shade. It is often common as an un-derstory shrub in open coniferous forests. Plants remain as a single shrub or become an open colony speading slowly from underground sprouts or rooting lower branches.
A Lightweight Planter for Uncoated Lettuce Seed
Authors: Waycott William , Conley William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A commercially available small garden seeder was modified to improve the precision planting of uncoated lettuce seed. The modified seeder is light weight, is adapted to planting small quantity seed lots, can be rapidly cleaned of remnant seed, and is designed for research and home garden use. Acceptable single seeding of uncoated lettuce seeds in the laboratory averaged 41.5%. Acceptable single seedling emergence in the field averaged 36.8%, a 13.6% improvement in the existing efficiency over the small plot seeder currently used. Minor modifications could make this planter design adaptable to most small-seeded crops.