bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalising a heavily modified urban river: Initial habitat evolution in the Manzanares River (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Díaz‐Redondo María , Marchamalo Miguel , Morcillo Felipe , King James J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBetween the 1910s and 1960s, the segment of the Manzanares River in the city of Madrid was channelized to allow for intensive urban development and a series of barrages were built to maintain constant water levels and create the aesthetic of a large deep river. As part of a renaturalisation strategy for the river by the Madrid City Council, the complete opening of the barrages' hydraulic gates in spring 2016 allowed for natural physical processes to occur that, in turn, facilitated colonisation of newly‐formed habitats by vegetation and fauna. The present study evaluates the initial effects of the barrage gate openings on instream habitats through the analysis of (i) geomorphological, physico‐chemical and vegetation metrics, and (ii) hydraulic variables associated with potential preferential conditions for native fish fauna, whose populations were greatly diminished. This approach incorporates an integrative view of the multivariate nature of the fluvial ecosystem. Results show a substantial reactivation of habitat heterogeneity over a short timeframe. In addition, newly‐emerging habitat conditions, related to sediment activation, improved water quality and diversified hydraulic conditions, are promoting potential preferential habitats for native fish fauna. This study can help aquatic researchers and administrators in understanding how an urban river can evolve with a cost‐effective intervention focused on the recovery of self‐forming dynamics. This application of process‐based river restoration strategies to a heavily modified river can also lead to the improvement of its ecological potential, as required by the European Union's Water Framework Directive.
Effect of Extrusion and Konjac Flour Addition on the Antioxidant Activity, Structural Properties, and In vitro Digestibility of Extruded Oat–Corn Flour
Authors: Huo Rui , Zhang Meili , Guo Xinyue , Zhang Yakun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Bai Xue , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOat–corn extruded powder is prepared to explore the effect of co‐extrusion with konjac flour on the structural properties and functional properties of the mixed powder for a reduced starch digestion rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), antioxidant activity, and in vitro digestibility are applied for analysis. SEM images after extrusion treatment show irregularity of the surface with some cracks and grooves. XRD and FT‐IR results show that the A‐type crystal structure disappears after extrusion, and the in vitro digestibility is improved but not significantly (p > 0.05). After different amounts of konjac flour and oat and corn mixed powder are added for co‐extrusion, the surface microstructure is relatively rough, the pores of the mixed system are reduced, the crystal form is V‐shaped. The starch digestion rate is significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The mixed powder with the addition of 5–15% konjac flour is a low GI material. It can be used as a raw material for meal replacement products.
Global talent management during the COVID‐19 pandemic? The Gods must be crazy!
Authors: Fernandes Cristina , Veiga Pedro Mota , Lobo Carla Azevedo , Raposo Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has brought terrifying effects for labor markets all around the world. Just as we witness rapid changes in terms of the ways of working (working from home), we are also observing an increase in unemployment. The ways in which major corporations with international operations process their global talent management (GTM) already represents a challenge in relatively stable times and clearly, in a period of such great and sustained turbulence as current experienced, this task becomes still more difficult. Hence, our research aims to study the impact of GTM on the international performance of major companies during the COVID‐19 pandemic period. To this end, we surveyed a sample of 59 large companies that act in external markets. Through recourse to multiple linear regressions, we conclude that GTM practices return positive impacts on levels of international performance. Our research returns theoretical implications in terms of the application of integrated GTM models and with the results of significant relevance to corporations operating internationally, and thus enabling them to better understand which strategic human resource management policies will return the best GTM results.
Evaluating the effect of wind turbine faults on power using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Biazar Dariush , Khaloozadeh Hamid , Siahi Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComponent damage and failure in sensor or actuator will cause system faults, resulting in reduced or lost performance. This topic has become an interesting and challenging issue that if we know the effect of faults on variables, control schemes can be designed to reduce the effect of faults on the system. Therefore, the quantification of the effect of the faults is very valuable in improving the performance of wind turbines. In this paper, the effect of some important faults is investigated in the three parts: rotor, drive, and power on the output power and the measured variables of wind turbines in the partial and full load regions using the Monte Carlo method. Then, the severity of these faults on the output power is ranked in the two regions by importance factor (IF). Also, due to the fact that some faults cause structural stress due to severe changes in the angle of the blades or their asymmetry, so the stresses caused by faults are discussed. The results show that these faults severity on the output power and the measured variables of wind turbines is different in the two regions. Our conclusion provides an opportunity for wind power plant operators and investors to improve plant performance and scheduled repairs by knowing the effect of faults on wind turbine variables. Knowing effect of the faults or the severity of each of them can increase the operating time of the wind turbine and reduce costs.
Perceptions of Catastrophic Climate Risks
Authors: Botzen Wouter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany climate change-related risks, such as more frequent and severe natural disasters, can be characterised as low-probability/high-consequence (LP/HC) events. Perceptions of LP/HC risks are often associated with biases which hamper taking action to limit these risks, such as underestimation of risk, myopia, and the adoption of simplified decision heuristics. This chapter discusses these biases and outlines key elements of policies to overcome them in order to enhance climate action.
Determinants of Belief – And Unbelief – In Climate Change
Authors: Leiser David , Wagner-Egger Pascal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change is a most serious challenge. Committing the needed resources requires that a clear majority of citizens approves the appropriate policies, since committing resources necessarily involve a trade-off with other expenses. However, there are distinct groups of people who remain in denial about the realities of climatic change. This chapter presents a range of psychological and social phenomena that together explain the phenomena that lead to denial.
Crossing antisymmetric Polyakov blocks + dispersion relation
Authors: Kaviraj Apratim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany CFT problems, e.g. ones with global symmetries, have correlation functions with a crossing antisymmetric sector. We show that such a crossing antisymmetric function can be expanded in terms of manifestly crossing antisymmetric objects, which we call the ‘+ type Polyakov blocks’. These blocks are built from AdSd+1Witten diagrams. In 1d they encode the ‘+ type’ analytic functionals which act on crossing antisymmetric functions. In generaldwe establish this Witten diagram basis from a crossing antisymmetric dispersion relation in Mellin space. Analogous to the crossing symmetric case, the dispersion relation imposes a set of independent ‘locality constraints’ in addition to the usual CFT sum rules given by the ‘Polyakov conditions’. We use the Polyakov blocks to simplify more general analytic functionals ind >1 and global symmetry functionals.
Galois representations on the cohomology of hyper-Kähler varieties
Authors: Floccari Salvatore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that the André motive of a hyper-Kähler variety X over a field $$K \subset {\mathbb {C}}$$

K
⊂
C

with $$b_2(X)>6$$

b
2

(
X
)

>
6

is governed by its component in degree 2. More precisely, we prove that if $$X_1$$

X
1

and $$X_2$$

X
2

are deformation equivalent hyper-Kähler varieties with $$b_2(X_i)>6$$

b
2

(

X
i

)

>
6

and if there exists a Hodge isometry $$f:H^2(X_1,{\mathbb {Q}})\rightarrow H^2(X_2,{\mathbb {Q}})$$

f
:

H
2

(

X
1

,
Q
)

→

H
2

(

X
2

,
Q
)

, then the André motives of $$X_1$$

X
1

and $$X_2$$

X
2

are isomorphic after a finite extension of K, up to an additional technical assumption in presence of non-trivial odd cohomology. As a consequence, the Galois representations on the étale cohomology of $$X_1$$

X
1

and $$X_2$$

X
2

are isomorphic as well. We prove a similar result for varieties over a finite field which can be lifted to hyper-Kähler varieties for which the Mumford–Tate conjecture is true.
Detection of multi-resistant clinical strains of E. coli with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nakar Amir , Pistiki Aikaterini , Ryabchykov Oleg , Bocklitz Thomas , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, we have seen a steady rise in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This creates many challenges in treating patients who carry these infections, as well as stopping and preventing outbreaks. Identifying these resistant bacteria is critical for treatment decisions and epidemiological studies. However, current methods for identification of resistance either require long cultivation steps or expensive reagents. Raman spectroscopy has been shown in the past to enable the rapid identification of bacterial strains from single cells and cultures. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied for the differentiation of resistant and sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. Our focus was on clinical multi-resistant (extended-spectrum β-lactam and carbapenem-resistant) bacteria from hospital patients. The spectra were collected using both UV resonance Raman spectroscopy in bulk and single-cell Raman microspectroscopy, without exposure to antibiotics. We found resistant strains have a higher nucleic acid/protein ratio, and used the spectra to train a machine learning model that differentiates resistant and sensitive strains. In addition, we applied a majority of voting system to both improve the accuracy of our models and make them more applicable for a clinical setting. This method could allow rapid and accurate identification of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and thus improve public health.
Graphical abstract
[18F]FDG-PET/CT to prevent futile surgery in indeterminate thyroid nodules: a blinded, randomised controlled multicentre trial
Authors: de Koster Elizabeth J. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , Brouwers Adrienne H. , van Dam Eveline W. C. M. , Dijkhorst-Oei Lioe-Ting , van Engen-van Grunsven Adriana C. H. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Klooker Tamira K. , Netea-Maier Romana T. , Snel Marieke , Oyen Wim J. G. , Vriens Dennis ,   for the EfFECTS trial study group
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the impact of an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup to rule out malignancy, avoid futile diagnostic surgeries, and improve patient outcomes in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Methods
In this double-blinded, randomised controlled multicentre trial, 132 adult euthyroid patients with scheduled diagnostic surgery for a Bethesda III or IV thyroid nodule underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT and were randomised to an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven or diagnostic surgery group. In the [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group, management was based on the [18F]FDG-PET/CT result: when the index nodule was visually [18F]FDG-positive, diagnostic surgery was advised; when [18F]FDG-negative, active surveillance was recommended. The nodule was presumed benign when it remained unchanged on ultrasound surveillance. In the diagnostic surgery group, all patients were advised to proceed to the scheduled surgery, according to current guidelines. The primary outcome was the fraction of unbeneficial patient management in one year, i.e., diagnostic surgery for benign nodules and active surveillance for malignant/borderline nodules. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Subgroup analyses were performed for non-Hürthle cell and Hürthle cell nodules.

Results
Patient management was unbeneficial in 42% (38/91 [95% confidence interval [CI], 32–53%]) of patients in the [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group, as compared to 83% (34/41 [95% CI, 68–93%]) in the diagnostic surgery group (p < 0.001). [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven management avoided 40% (25/63 [95% CI, 28–53%]) diagnostic surgeries for benign nodules: 48% (23/48 [95% CI, 33–63%]) in non-Hürthle cell and 13% (2/15 [95% CI, 2–40%]) in Hürthle cell nodules (p = 0.02). No malignant or borderline tumours were observed in patients under surveillance. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and benign call rate (95% CI) of [18F]FDG-PET/CT were 94.1% (80.3–99.3%), 39.8% (30.0–50.2%), 95.1% (83.5–99.4%), 35.2% (25.4–45.9%), and 31.1% (23.3–39.7%), respectively.

Conclusion
An [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup of indeterminate thyroid nodules leads to practice changing management, accurately and oncologically safely reducing futile surgeries by 40%. For optimal therapeutic yield, application should be limited to non-Hürthle cell nodules.

Trial registration number
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02208544 (5 August 2014), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02208544.
Randomised Controlled Trial of Particles Used in Uterine fibRoid Embolisation (PURE): Non-Spherical Polyvinyl Alcohol Versus Calibrated Microspheres
Authors: Das Raj , Wale Anita , Renani Seyed Ameli , Ratnam Lakshmi , Mailli Leto , Chun Joo-Young , Das Sourav , Duggal Balpreet , Manyonda Isaac , Belli Anna-Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The PURE study is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the clinical and MRI outcomes of patients treated with non-spherical polyvinyl alcohol, ns-PVA (Contour PVA–Boston Scientific–355–500 & 500–700 microns) versus calibrated hydrogel microspheres (Embozene–Varian Inc–700 & 900 microns) for symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Materials and Methods
Prospective, ethically approved non-sponsored RCT in 84 patients in a single UK tertiary IR unit, ISRCTN registry trial number ISRCTN18191539 in 2013 and 2014. All patients with symptomatic fibroid disease were eligible. UAE followed a standardised protocol with UFS-QOL and contrast-enhanced MRI before and 6 months post UAE. Outcome measures included: (1) Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL). (2) Percentage total and dominant fibroid infarction. (3) Uterine and dominant fibroid volume reduction. (4) Volume of embolics.

Results
Sixty-three patients completed the QOL follow-up (33 ns-PVA vs 30 Embozenes), the groups were equivalent at baseline. Patients were followed up for 6 months following UAE. There was no significant difference in symptom scores or HR-QOL between ns-PVA and Embozenes, p = 0.67 and 0.21, respectively. 92.7% of patients treated with ns-PVA achieved > 90% dominant fibroid infarction versus 61.8% treated with Embozenes (p = 0.0016). 66% of patients treated with ns = PVA achieved > 90% total fibroid percentage infarction compared with 35% in the Embozene group (p = 0.011). The mean vials/syringes used were 5.2 with Embozenes versus 4.1 using PVA (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
The PURE study informs IRs regarding the efficacy of embolic agents in UAE, with superior fibroid infarction on MRI using ns-PVA versus Embozenes however no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 6 months after UAE.
The pharmacokinetic and safety profile of single-dose deferiprone in subjects with sickle cell disease
Authors: Soulières Denis , Mercier-Ross Jules , Fradette Caroline , Rozova Anna , Tsang Yu Chung , Tricta Fernando 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who undergo repeated blood transfusions often develop iron overload. Deferiprone (Ferriprox®) is an oral iron chelator indicated for the treatment of transfusional iron overload due to thalassemia syndromes and has been recently approved as a treatment for iron overload in adult and pediatric patients with SCD and other anemias. The present study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of deferiprone (DFP) in adult subjects with SCD. In this phase I, open-label study, subjects with SCD were administered a single 1500 mg dose of DFP. Blood and urine samples were collected for PK assessments of DFP and its main metabolite, deferiprone 3-O-glucuronide (DFP-G). Eight subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Following drug administration, serum levels of DFP and DFP-G rose to maximum concentrations at 1.0 and 2.8 h post-dose, respectively. The half-lives of DFP and DFP-G were 1.5 and 1.6 h, respectively. The majority of administered drug was metabolized and excreted as DFP-G, with less than 4% excreted unchanged in urine up to 10 h post-dose. Subjects received a safety assessment 7 (± 3) days post-dose. Two subjects reported mild adverse events unrelated to the study drug, and no other safety concerns were reported. The PK profile of DFP in SCD subjects is consistent with previous reports in healthy adult volunteers, suggesting no special dosing adjustments are indicated for this population. These findings provide valuable insight for treating iron overload in patients with SCD, who have limited chelation therapy treatment options (trial registration number: NCT01835496, date of registration: April 19, 2013).
Associations between cardiac and pulmonary involvement in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Witczak Birgit Nomeland , Schwartz Thomas , Barth Zoltan , Taraldsrud Eli , Lund May Brit , Aaløkken Trond Mogens , Flatø Berit , Sjaastad Ivar , Sanner Helga 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at exploring the association between detectable cardiac and pulmonary involvement in long-term juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and to assess if patients with cardiac and pulmonary involvement differ with regard to clinical characteristics. 57 JDM patients were examined mean 17.3 (10.5) years after disease onset; this included clinical examination, myositis specific/associated autoantibodies (immunoblot), echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography. Cardiac involvement was defined as diastolic and/or systolic left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary involvement as low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, low total lung capacity and/or high-resolution computed tomography abnormalities. Patients were stratified into the following four groups: (i) no organ involvement, (ii) pulmonary only, (iii) cardiac only, and (iv) co-existing pulmonary and cardiac involvement. Mean age was 25.7 (12.4) years and 37% were males. One patient had coronary artery disease, seven had a history of pericarditis, seven had hypertension and three had known interstitial lung disease prior to follow-up. There was no association between cardiac (10/57;18%) and pulmonary (41/57;72%) involvement (p = 0.83). After stratifying by organ involvement, 21% of patients had no organ involvement; 61% had pulmonary involvement only; 7% had cardiac involvement only and 11% had co-existing pulmonary or cardiac involvement. Patients with co-existing pulmonary or cardiac involvement had higher disease burden than the remaining patients. Patients with either cardiac or pulmonary involvement only, differed in clinical and autoantibody characteristics. We found no increased risk of developing concomitant cardiac/pulmonary involvement in JDM. Our results shed light upon possible different underlying mechanisms behind pulmonary and cardiac involvement in JDM.
Repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty for recurrent periprosthetic hip or knee infection: what are the chances for success?
Authors: Steinicke A. C. , Schwarze J. , Gosheger G. , Moellenbeck B. , Ackmann T. , Theil C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Two-stage revision is a frequently chosen approach to treat chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, management of recurrent infection after a two-stage exchange remains debated and the outcome of a repeat two-stage procedure is unclear. This study investigates the success rates of repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty and analyzes possible risk factors for failure.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively identified 55 patients (23 hips, 32 knees) who were treated with repeat resection arthroplasty and planned delayed reimplantation for recurrent periprosthetic joint infection between 2010 and 2019 after a prior two-stage revision at the same institution. The minimum follow-up was 12 months with a median follow-up time of 34 months (IQR 22–51). The infection-free survival, associated revision surgeries, and potential risk factors for further revision were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and comparative non-parametric testing.

Results
78% (43/55) underwent reimplantation after a repeat implant removal. Of those who completed the second-stage surgery, 37% (16/43) underwent additional revision for infection and 14% (6/55) underwent amputation. The reinfection-free implant survivorship amounted to 77% (95% CI 64–89%) after 1 year and 38% (95% CI 18–57%) after 5 years. Patients with a higher comorbidity score were less likely to undergo second-stage reimplantation (median 5 vs. 3, p = 0.034). Furthermore, obese patients (p = 0.026, Fisher’s exact test) and diabetics (p < 0.001, log-rank test) had a higher risk for further infection. Most commonly cultures yielded polymicrobial growth at the repeat two-stage exchange (27%, 15/55) and at re-reinfection (32%, 9/28). Pathogen persistence was observed in 21% (6/28) of re-reinfected patients.

Conclusion
The success rates after repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty are low. Patients must be counseled accordingly and different modes of treatment should be considered.