bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of caffeine intake in Croatian university students
Authors: Laslo D , Miskulin I , Srb N , Klepo T , Bonet S , Miskulin M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Excessive caffeine intake combined with increasing numbers and availability of caffeine-containing products in modern societies are causes for concern. University students may be at increased risk of excessive caffeine consumption due to seeking caffeinated products with well-known wakefulness effects and cognitive benefits. This study aimed to highlight the characteristics of caffeine consumption among Croatian university students.

Methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted from May 2020 to April 2021 period. A validated, anonymous questionnaire that contained questions regarding demographic data, data about caffeine consumption habits, and its sources was self-administered via an online link to a cross-faculty representative student sample of the University of Osijek in Eastern Croatia.

Results
The study sample included 1197 subjects with, median age of 22 years (interquartile range 21-24), 24.1% males, and 75.9% females. The median caffeine intake was 512.0 mg/day (interquartile range 228.0-972.0). The higher caffeine intake was observed in part-time students (p = 0.026), students who were preparing for exams during the participation in this study (p = 0.010), and students who smoked cigarettes (p &lt; 0.001). There was a poor positive correlation between the amount of caffeine intake and academic success connected with caffeine consumption (rs = 0.225; p &lt; 0.001). There were fair positive correlations between the amount of caffeine intake and caffeine consumption because of the avoidance of the withdrawal symptoms (rs = 0.490; p &lt; 0.001) and between the amount of caffeine intake and knowledge of the impact of caffeine consumption on the occurrence of social conflicts (rs = 0.349; p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The study revealed high caffeine intake among Croatian university students. The implementation of specific preventive measures directed toward the protection of students’ health from adverse health effects related to caffeine is needed.

Key messages
• Croatian university students have displayed high caffeine intake in their everyday life.
• There is a need for the implementation of specific preventive measures directed toward the protection of students’ health from adverse health effects related to caffeine consumption.
Non-standard employment and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a qualitative study
Authors: Padrosa E , Julià M , Bolíbar M , Gutiérrez-Zamora M , Escrig-Piñol A ,   The PWR Consortium
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic entailed a deep economic crisis that affected working populations globally. However, non-standard workers (NSW, understood as workers with temporary contracts, not working full-time, self-employed or not paying taxes/making active pension contributions) were more severely hit than workers with more stable and protected jobs. The aim of this study thus was to explore the experiences of NSW during the pandemic and how these affected their mental health in Spain, one of the countries in Europe with the highest shares of temporary and self-employment and the one that applied the most restrictive containment measures during the first waves of the pandemic.

Methods
As part of a larger multi-country study, 41 semi-structured interviews with NSW aged 25-55 were conducted between March-July 2021 and analyzed thematically.

Results
Analyses revealed that job loss or insecurity and subsequent reductions in income were central to the experience of NSW during the pandemic in Spain, which affected their mental health negatively. Both the existing social protection framework and the policies deployed during the pandemic to outweigh these consequences were perceived by NSW as insufficient or could not access them due to their condition of NSW. This was particularly the case for self-employed and temporary agency workers. Moreover, NSW expressed that containment measures and reductions in income prevented them from engaging in activities to cope with such adversities, aggravating their mental health.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that, in Spain, the pandemic intensified but also made more visible the defenselessness of NSW (especially self-employed and temporary agency workers) in terms of social protection in the event of sudden unemployment or reductions in income. This situation had harmful consequences for their mental health. Yet, new policies and measures fall short in fitting the necessities of an increasing share of the workforce.

Key messages
• In Spain, non-standard workers are more vulnerable to and defenseless against sudden unemployment or reductions in income.
• The pandemic intensified this problem and put them at higher risk of suffering from poor mental health.
A whole-of-community approach to promote cardiovascular health: Healthy Communities in Moldova
Authors: Secula F , Berari D , Curteanu A , Nicolaescu S , Prytherch H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

A low-income country, Moldova is facing a rapidly growing burden of non-communicable diseases with a cardiovascular disease mortality rate of 202.2 per 100'000. Scarce resources require urgent preventative actions and involvement of communities and patients in the definition and design of locally relevant health promoting activities. Our intervention is a holistic, whole-of-community approach to foster local leadership in health promotion for the prevention of cardiovascular risks. The Healthy Life project to reduce the burden of non communicable diseases, funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), operates since 2016 in rural communities of Moldova. We present a 5-step model towards initiating Healthy Communities in Moldova based on 5 complementary steps:
1. Raising awareness on cardiovascular risk factors through community education seminars tailored to audience needs
2. Building multisectoral community coalitions for health between local elected leaders and community representatives around local health data and locally defined health priorities
3. Fostering community leadership in defining local health solutions through health asset mapping exercises
4. Community-led small projects based on identified needs and assets to improve local cardiovascular health
5. Empowering chronic patients for healthy behavior change through community-based self-management workshops
The Healthy Communities intervention was rolled out to 40 communities in 20 districts, reaching 1332 direct beneficiaries. Important learning emerged from social accountability mechanisms embedded in community coalitions which ensure regular, health-focused dialogue on community health. Using local assets to health problem solving is changing the perspective on the resourcefulness of community actors in health. Progress towards sustainability is achieved by local public authorities and community making a matching contribution to start-up funding to small projects.

Key messages
• Our Healthy Communities model proposes a strength-based vision of health promotion which empowers community coalitions to self-organize for the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.
• We promote bottom-up approaches that strengthen local health governance and community leadership into defining and addressing local health priorities.
The effect of alcohol marketing on people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem: A rapid review
Authors: Langley T , Leonardi-Bee J , Barker A , Brown O , Murray R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the impact of alcohol marketing on people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem. A rapid review of primary studies was conducted with the aim of exploring the effect of alcohol marketing in this population.

Methods
People with, or at risk of an alcohol problem were defined as people with an alcohol use disorder, in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, and hazardous and harmful drinkers. Searches for relevant literature were conducted through Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO; reference list scanning and citation tracking of included studies; and grey literature searching of relevant websites. A narrative synthesis of included studies was undertaken.

Results
The review included 11 studies, which focused on participants recovering from an alcohol use disorder (AUD, 6 studies) and those with hazardous or harmful consumption levels of alcohol (5 studies). 7 studies were quantitative and 4 were qualitative. The effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol use was only assessed in one small experimental study of young adult heavy drinkers, which found no apparent effect. Studies looking at other outcomes suggested that a significant proportion of people with or at risk of alcohol problems notice alcohol advertisements and can find them appealing, and that advertisements may have an effect on positive alcohol-related emotions and cognitions. Among people in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, findings suggested that there could be an effect on craving, and that alcohol marketing may be perceived to trigger a desire to drink.

Conclusions
Several studies report effects of alcohol marketing which may translate into effects on consumption. There is also evidence that alcohol marketing is perceived to act as a trigger by people in recovery from alcohol problems. Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to determine whether alcohol marketing has a causal effect on alcohol use in this population.

Key messages
• The findings of the studies included in the review suggest that an effect of alcohol marketing in people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem is likely.
• The impact of alcohol marketing on people with or at risk of an alcohol problem should be a concern for marketing regulators and a focus for future research.
Crowdsourcing to Reduce Stigma Around HIV testing Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mergenova G , Gryazev D , Kuskulov A , Sun Y , Landers S , Tolegenova A , Gulyayev V , Gulyayev P , Davis A ,   JasSpark Study Research Group
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
New cases of HIV infection are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in Kazakhstan, and now account for over 23% of all HIV infections. Testing is key to reducing new infections, yet HIV-related stigma is a major barrier. Crowdsourcing contests could engage AYA in the development of interventions and increase the likelihood that an effective approach will be developed to reduce stigma and increase HIV testing among Kazakhstan AYA.

Objective
To determine the response to a crowdsourcing approach to collect media content for the development of an intervention focused on HIV testing stigma reduction among AYA in Kazakhstan.

Methods
To organize the crowdsourcing contest we organized a community steering committee; developed platforms to solicit crowd input; engaged AYA to contribute ideas through social media and in-person events. We present data on social media use and contributions.

Results
The contest website was visited by 2,893 people, and 76 AYA submitted 91 works for the contest from all over Kazakhstan. Most AYA (60%) visited the website of the contest via social media. Types of submitted content for the contest included video: 31 (34.0%), pictures: 29 (31.8%), text: 24 (26.3%), and other types of content including a chatbot, online game, and website: 7 (7.6%). Fifty (65.7%) participants were between 13-19 years, and 26 (34.2%) were between 20-29 years. Thirteen (17.1%) submissions were in Kazakh, and the rest in Russian 63 (82,9%). A number of submissions required further guidance due to a lack of understanding about stigma, accurate facts, and copyright issues.

Conclusions
AYA engaged in a crowdsourcing contest and used multiple modalities/types of content, from younger and older AYA, in both Kazakh and Russian, and representation from most regions of the country. Providing clearer guidance about facts and stigma may be helpful prior to submission.

Key messages
• Crowdsourcing approach has a potential to engage adolescent and young adult into development of various types of media content focused on public health issues, such as HIV testing stigma reduction.
• Adolescents and young adults may need additional information and guidance regarding complex concept of stigma around HIV testing.
Promoting the key moments of hand hygiene in a Targeted Hygiene intervention at COP26
Authors: Paskey A , Ackerley L , Buckley C , Cooper S , Bainbridge S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The COP26 conference in Glasgow, November 2021 presented a unique public health challenge in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. With 38,457 delegates attending, this international event posed a risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used Targeted Hygiene theory to carry out a large event risk assessment process that focused on how spaces were used, referred to evidence from scientific literature, and identified key moments for surface and hand hygiene interventions. We relied on behavioural science evidence to optimize hand hygiene compliance at the event. To do so, we secured the opportunity to use hand sanitizer by determining the most suitable locations for over 500 hand sanitizing stations. To further motivate uptake of personal hygiene, kits were provided for each delegate with hygiene messaging to improve knowledge of the importance of hand hygiene in breaking the chain of infection. A COP26-branded face covering, personal hand gel and wipes were provided in the pack. Training and cleaning protocols centred on Targeted Hygiene were developed for cleaning teams to implement. Compliance monitoring through observation and daily real-time reporting of over 250 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) checks on just-cleaned surfaces provided reassurance for public health agencies that our Targeted Hygiene approach was effective.
The messaging and cleaning interventions were carried out for the duration of the COP26 conference. The number of individuals officially affiliated with COP26 that tested positive was ∼2 in 1,000 as compared to ∼11-12 in 1,000 individuals in Scotland during the same period (6-13 November 2021 as reported by Public Health Scotland). Whilst no single control can be attributed to this achievement, effective hand and surface hygiene interventions contributed by helping to break the chain of infection. This risk-based approach to Targeted Hygiene serves as a blueprint for effective, sustainable and measurable nonpharmaceutical interventions at large scale events.

Key messages
• To mitigate risk of infection at COP26, key moments for surface and hand hygiene were identified and emphasized in cleaning protocols and education.
• Using a risk-based approach to Targeted Hygiene serves as a blueprint for effective, sustainable and measurable nonpharmaceutical interventions at large scale events such as COP26.
Behavioral innovations in the management of obesity and overweight using the COM-B model
Authors: Timkova V , Minarikova D , Katreniakova Z , Mikula P , Husivargova A , Nagyova I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing overweight and obesity rates represent one of the global health challenges in the 21st century. Obesity is a gateway to many non-communicable diseases and shorter life expectancy. Understanding individual capability, opportunity, and motivation for health behavior change (COM-B) may help to develop effective public health interventions. However, so far, only a very few studies examined interventions based on behavior change theories. Thus, we aimed to assess the potential facilitators and barriers to behavior change in weight management using the COM-B model.

Methods
We included 146 people with overweight and obesity (66.7% female; mean age 46.62±14.51 years; body mass index 32.46±6.51 kg/m2) from primary care settings. All participants completed the Brief Measure of Behavior Change (COM-B), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and the Self-Rated Heath scale (SRH). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results
In univariate analyses COM-B domains were positively associated with female gender, living with a partner, lower body mass index, and higher SRH. However, the associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and COM-B domains were no longer significant when self-esteem and general self-efficacy were added to the multivariate regression models. Self-efficacy was associated with reflective motivation (β: 0.53; p &lt; 0.001), physical capability (β: 0.43; p &lt; 0.001), and psychological capability (β: 0.44; p &lt; 0.001) the most significantly. Self-esteem was strongly associated with physical capability (β: 0.41; p &lt; 0.01). Total explained variances in the final models varied from 17.7% to 25.0%.

Conclusions
Personal resources may play a significant role in weight management and should be included in tailored public health interventions (Grant support: VEGA: 1/0748/22).

Key messages
• Interventions focused on the enhancement of personal resources may improve weight management.
• Behavioral and cultural aspects should be considered when designing effective public health interventions.
Organizational health literacy and health promotion in health care settings: Results from Germany
Authors: Rathmann K , Salewski LD , Zelfl LV 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Health care organizations (HCO) are increasingly required to provide health literate structures and processes to strengthen organizational health literacy (OHL). So far, little is known about the extent of OHL in HCO in Germany. Aims are therefore 1) to examine the level of OHL in health care organizations, and 2) to investigate the impact of organizations level of health prevention and workplace health promotion on the level of OHL.

Methods
Analyses are based on a nationwide cross-sectional study (online survey) among management staff (N = 564) in HCO (hospitals, nursing homes, facilities for disabled people). OHL was measured by the German version of the ‘Health literate health care organization 10 item questionnaire’ (HLHO-10). Health prevention and workplace health promotion were operationalized by the “Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument’ (WHPCI). Uni- and bivariate analyses were carried out, on an item-basis and as an index (median-split).

Results
Regarding OHL, 55.1 % of the health care organizations reported below-average levels of OHL. On an item-basis, the highest below-average levels were given for the standard ‘communication’ (59.1 %) and the ‘provision of information to patients/residents via various media’ (57.4 %). Regarding the level of health prevention (51.8 %) and the existence of workplace health promotion structures (55.7 %), more than half of HCO reported a below-average level. In addition, results showed that HCO that indicate a below-average level of prevention and few structures of workplace health promotion also revealed a below-average level of OHL.

Conclusions
There is need to strengthen OHL in German HCO.

Key messages
• HCO are required to strengthen HLO, particular in communication and participatory approaches.
• A higher level of prevention and workplace health promotion on HCO can contribute to the implementation of OHL initiatives.
Syllabi collection on diversity and intersectionality in public health: reflecting on the development
Authors: Wandschneider L , Podar D , Wetzel L , Luetke Lanfer H , Skrypnikova O , Razum O , Selig S , Namer Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Highlighting the intersectionalities between different markers of diversity and health inequities encourages the reconsideration of normativities in public health (PH). We developed an open access collection of syllabi on the relevance of intersectionality and diversity in PH together with the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER).

Objectives
We developed the syllabi in a participatory, iterative process guided by transformative teaching pedagogy. We reflect on this process and how this can inform the enhancement of the syllabi themselves, as well as future curriculum development.

Results
We recruited a core group of 9 PH researchers, teachers and professionals from all career levels from participants of introductory session presentations in different settings (e.g., 14th EPHC, ASPHER Retreat). The core group met once a month for one year online, and each meeting took the form of co-working sessions in breakout rooms to develop the syllabi based on interest and expertise. We designed a qualitative online survey to evaluate and ensure the scientific rigor and pedagogical value of the syllabi. We invited critical and constructive input from ASPHER member school professionals with expertise in intersectionality, diversity or curriculum development in PH in terms of content and pedagogy.

Conclusions
Drawing from the expertise of the PH community we combined diverse professional and cultural backgrounds, experiences from different career levels and PH education systems, as well as specialisation in the PH field. The transformative pedagogical approach was considered particularly valuable in strengthening competences such as reflexive strategies and self-, social- and global awareness which are key to teaching on diversity and intersectionality issues. The peer-review structure supports the uptake in PH education and a sustainable implementation. The collection will also allow PH faculty to diversify their pedagogical approaches.

Key messages
• Inclusion of health inequities, diversity and social injustice issues is crucial in public health curricula, since an intersectional perspective is increasingly acknowledged in public health research.
• The syllabi collection will equip public health teachers of all career levels to develop their own course material on social identities and their significance for public health.