bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype‐driven NPC1L1 and PCSK9 inhibition and reduced risk of periodontitis
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Holtfreter Birte , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Kocher Thomas , Alayash Zoheir , Ehmke Benjamin , Baurecht Hansjörg , Nolde Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimEpidemiological and pre‐clinical studies suggest a chemoprotective role of lipid‐lowering agents in periodontitis. We tested the association of genetically proxied inhibition of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), Niemann‐Pick C1‐Like 1 (NPC1L1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with periodontitis.Materials and MethodsGenetic variants in HMGCR, NCP1L1 and PCSK9 associated with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) meta‐analysis (N = 188,578) were used to proxy therapeutic inhibition of HMGCR, NPC1L1 and PCSK9. For these genetic variants, associations with periodontitis were obtained from GWAS of 17,353 cases and 28,210 controls in the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium. Generalized weighted least squares analysis accounted for linkage disequilibrium of genotypes to derive pooled estimates.ResultsWhile genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition equivalent to 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL was not associated with odds of periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73; 1.16]; p = .4905; false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.4905), genetically proxied NPC1L1 (OR = 0.53 [95% CI: 0.35; 0.81]; p = .0038; FDR = 0.0077) and PCSK9 (OR = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.74; 0.95]; p = .0051; FDR = 0.0077) inhibition lowered the odds of periodontitis.ConclusionsGenetically proxied inhibition of NCP1L1 and PCSK9 was associated with lower odds of periodontitis.
Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in cancer patients: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Ya , Liu Ming , Yao Liang , Yang Zhirong , Chen Yamin , Niu Mingming , Sun Yue , Chen Ji , Hou Liangying , Sun Feng , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Zeqian , Zhang Junhua , Li Lun , Li Jiang , Zhao Ye , Fan Jingchun , Ge Long , Tian Jinhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the most effective delivery format of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) on insomnia in cancer patients.MethodsWe searched five databases up to February 2021 for randomized clinical trials that compared CBT‐I with inactive or active controls for insomnia in cancer patients. Outcomes were insomnia severity, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and total sleep time (TST). Pairwise meta‐analyses and frequentist network meta‐analyses with the random‐effects model were applied for data analyses.ResultsSixteen unique trials including 1523 participants met inclusion criteria. Compared with inactive control, CBT‐I could significantly reduce insomnia severity (mean differences [MD] = −4.98 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.82 to −4.14), SOL (MD = −12.29 min, 95%CI: −16.48 to −8.09), and WASO (MD = −16.58 min, 95%CI: −22.00 to −11.15), while increasing sleep efficiency (MD = 7.62%, 95%CI: 5.82% to 9.41%) at postintervention. Compared with active control, CBT‐I could significantly reduce insomnia severity (MD = −2.75 points, 95%CI: −4.28 to −1.21), SOL (MD = −13.56 min, 95%CI: −18.93 to −8.18), and WASO (MD = −6.99 min, 95%CI: −11.65 to −2.32) at postintervention. These effects diminished in short‐term follow‐up and almost disappeared in long‐term follow‐up. Most of the results were rated as “moderate” to “low” certainty of evidence. Network meta‐analysis showed that group CBT‐I had an increase in sleep efficiency of 10.61%, an increase in TST of 21.98 min, a reduction in SOL of 14.65 min, and a reduction in WASO of 24.30 min, compared with inactive control at postintervention, with effects sustained at short‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsCBT‐I is effective for the management of insomnia in cancer patients postintervention, with diminished effects in short‐term follow‐up. Group CBT‐I is the preferred choice based on postintervention and short‐term effects. The low quality of evidence and limited sample size demonstrate the need for robust evidence from high‐quality, large‐scale trials providing long‐term follow‐up data.
Using social media analysis to study population dietary behaviours: A scoping review
Authors: Titova Jasmine , Cottis Georgia , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid adoption and sustained use of social media globally has provided researchers with access to unprecedented quantities of low‐latency data at minimal costs. This may be of particular interest to nutrition research because food is frequently posted about and discussed on social media platforms. This scoping review investigates the ways in which social media is being used to understand population food consumption, attitudes and behaviours.MethodsThe peer‐reviewed literature was searched from 2003 to 2021 using four electronic databases.ResultsThe review identified 71 eligible studies from 25 countries. Two‐thirds (n = 47) were published within the last 5 years. The USA had the highest research output (31%, n = 22) and Twitter was the most used platform (41%, n = 29). A diverse range of dataset sizes were used, with some studies relying on manual techniques to collect and analyse data, whereas others required the use of advanced software technology. Most studies were conducted by disciplines outside health, with only two studies (3%) being conducted by nutritionists.ConclusionsIt appears the development of methodological and ethical frameworks as well as partnerships between experts in nutrition and information technology may be required to advance the field in nutrition research. Moving beyond traditional methods of dietary data collection may prove social media as a useful adjunct to inform recommended dietary practices and food policies.
ATTITUDES, WORK ROLES AND BARRIERS TO NUTRITION CARE – INTERVIEWS WITH AUSTRALIAN AND UK‐BASED MEDICAL DOCTORS
Authors: Lepre Breanna , Mansfield Kylie J. , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor diet is implicated in multiple chronic diseases. Although doctors may be well placed to facilitate nutrition care, nutrition remains a low priority in medical education internationally. Consensus is required on nutrition competencies as a benchmark for education with a regulatory framework to ensure implementation. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore work roles, attitudes, barriers and enablers in the delivery of nutrition care among a cohort of Australian and UK doctors.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with primary care doctors/general practitioners (n = 14) and medical specialists (n = 8) based in Australia and the United Kingdom to explore work roles, attitudes, barriers and enablers in the delivery of nutrition care.ResultsFramework analysis identified five key themes: (1) knowledge and skills in nutrition to support medical nutrition care, (2) the delivery of nutrition education, (3) multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary care, (4) systemic barriers and facilitators to care and (5) the need for a paradigm shift. Participants acknowledged nutrition as an important component of medical care but recognised they are currently ill‐equipped to support such care, identifying limitations to the systems supporting integrated care. Participants identified that nutrition sits within both a health promotion and medical/treatment model, but they currently work only within the latter.ConclusionParticipants highlighted a lack of knowledge and training regarding nutrition, without which change is not possible. Efforts to improve the nutrition capacity of the medical workforce must be matched by increased investments in primary prevention, including nutrition – a paradigm shift from the medical model.
LncRNA nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating early growth response‐1/RNA binding motif protein 25 axis
Authors: Cao Jing‐Wei , Tang Zhan‐Bin , Zhao Ji‐Wei , Zhao Jing‐Kun , Yao Jia‐Lin , Sheng Xiao‐Meng , Zhao Mian‐Qiao , Duan Qiong , Han Bai‐Chao , Duan Shu‐Rong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke is a major global health issue. Ischemia and subsequent reperfusion results in stroke‐related brain injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEATa and early growth response 1 (EGR1) are involved in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury). In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of NEAT1/EGR1 axis as well as its downstream effector RNA binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) in cerebral IR injury. Oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used to establish in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral IR injury, respectively. According to our data, NEAT1, EGR1, and RBM25 levels were elevated in OGD/R‐exposed SK‐N‐SH and SH‐SY5Y cells and cerebral cortex of MCAO mice. NEAT1, EGR1, or RBM25 knockdown effectively reduced infarct volumes and apoptosis, and improved neurological function. Mechanistically, NEAT1 directly interacted with EGR1, which restrained WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1)‐mediated ubiquitination of EGR1 and subsequently caused EGR1 accumulation. EGR1 bound to RBM25 promoter and transcriptionally activated RBM25. Rescue experiments indicated that RBM25 overexpression abolished the therapeutic effects of NEAT1 knockdown. In conclusion, this work identified a novel NEAT1/EGR1/RBM25 axis in potentiating brain injury after IR insults, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.image
A giant penis‐like vulval soft fibroma in a case of external genital malformation
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wu Yanhong , Qu Quanxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoft fibroma is a common benign skin tumour. The size varies from 1 to 10 mm, and giant soft fibromas were rare. Mostly, the appearances of soft fibromas were pedicled, filiform and papular. We reported a female adolescent with a giant penis‐like soft fibroma in her vulva, meanwhile with an external genital malformation. We recalled our treatment process, including diagnosis and surgery, and aimed to broaden the understanding of soft fibroma through our case report.
Postpartum symptom clusters in birthing individuals: A systematic review
Authors: Scroggins Jihye Kim , Ledbetter Leila S. , Jones‐Hepler Bonnie , Brandon Debra , Reuter‐Rice Karin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBirthing individuals experience various postpartum symptoms which have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Previous systematic reviews have focused on the examination of individual symptoms and their impact on health, which have limited our understanding of postpartum symptom clusters.ObjectiveTo examine the compositions of symptom clusters, analytic methodologies and predictors of symptom clusters in birthing individuals up to 1 year postpartum.DesignSystematic review.MethodsThis systematic review was reported following the PRISMA. Five databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and Scopus. Two reviewers performed title and abstract and full‐text screening independently. Standard Quality Assessment Criteria were used to assess the articles' qualities. Key information was extracted into evidence table, which was checked for accuracy and completeness. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsA total of 30 articles were included. Studies were conducted in 16 countries, mostly in Europe (n = 9) and North America (n = 7). The majority were quantitative (n = 27) and cross‐sectional (n = 27). Factor analysis was the most frequently used analytic methodology (n = 21). All three qualitative studies used grounded theory. Taking into consideration the variations among the studies, stress (n = 15, infant or partner‐related and from other sources), depression (n = 12), somatic (n = 12) and anxiety clusters (n = 10) were most frequently identified. Symptom cluster predictors were examined in less than half of the included studies (n = 13). Among these, most were focused on how individual postpartum symptoms influence symptom clusters.ConclusionsStress, depression, somatic and anxiety clusters are the most frequently identified postpartum symptom clusters. Future studies should examine the consistency, stability and clinical meaningfulness of these four symptom clusters.Relevance to clinical practiceThe identification and management of the four symptom clusters should be of particular interest to clinicians and researchers.No patient or public contributionThis systematic review did not directly involve patient or public contribution to the manuscript.
Can Capitalism Solve Its Own Rural Problems? Japanese Lessons for the World Bank's Vision of Rural‐Led Development
Authors: Cohen Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research and policy advice by international development organizations have, by their own account, sought to reverse a prior neglect of conditions in agriculture and rural areas. In pursuit of this, they have developed a vision of dynamic but incremental development in rural areas, anchored in a smallholder‐based and economically diversified market economy. This vision, articulated in the World Bank's 2008 World Development Report and continuing to animate research and policy advice today, presents itself as a solution to persistent poverty in the world's least developed countries. This paper adopts a historical sociological lens to use the case of Japan, in the period from the latter half of the nineteenth century to the opening decades of the twentieth, to assess how realistic this vision is. This analysis shows that the lessons of Japan's experience are chastening for this vision of rural development. The mechanisms of growth in Japan were remarkably similar to those advertised by the World Bank's vision. However, its rural economic dynamism was based on deep socioeconomic inequalities and brought improved material conditions and greater economic security to agricultural households only with excruciating slowness, if at all. Rather than demonstrating the potential of incremental, market‐oriented rural development to offer a path towards widespread poverty reduction, Japan instead serves as a warning of this development model's limitations.
Demographic assessment using physical and genetic sampling finds stable polar bear subpopulation in Gulf of Boothia, Canada
Authors: Dyck Markus , Regehr Eric V. , Ware Jasmine V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKnowledge of long‐term demographic trends is important for managing large carnivore populations under changing environmental conditions, management objectives, and human values. From 2015 to 2017, we biopsy‐sampled polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Gulf of Boothia (GB) subpopulation to genetically identify individuals. This less‐invasive sampling method was more compatible with stakeholder values than chemical immobilization. We analyzed the biopsy data together with live‐capture study data (1998–2000), opportunistically collected live‐capture data (1976–1997), and harvest recovery data (1976–2017). From 2015 to 2017, the mean model‐averaged abundance estimate was 1,525 bears (SE = 294), similar to both the 1998–2000 estimate from the current analysis (1,610 ± 266) and previously published estimate (1,592 ± 361). Total survival from 2015–2017 varied by sex and age class, with higher estimates for adult females (0.95, 95% CI [0.81, 0.99]) than adult males (0.85, 95% CI [0.74, 0.92]). Mean number of yearlings per adult female was 0.36, 95% CI [0.26, 0.47], suggesting healthy reproduction. Body condition improved between 1998–2000 and 2015–2017. Our findings suggest the GB subpopulation is currently productive and stable. Forecasts of continued sea‐ice loss and environmental change due to climate warming emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of this subpopulation.
Tinea pedis in underrepresented groups: All of Us database analysis
Authors: Moseley Isabelle , Ragi Sara D. , Ouellette Samantha , Rao Babar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTinea pedis is the most common form of dermatophytosis resulting in interdigital infections. All of Us (AoU) is a National Institute of Health initiative with an emphasis on patient populations traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research.ObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate the burden of tinea pedis in underrepresented groups in the United States, utilising the novel AoU research program.MethodsWe analysed AoU Registered Tier dataset version 5, which includes data collected between 30 May, 2017, and 1 April, 2021. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis linking survey and electronic health record (EHR) data to estimate the prevalence of tinea pedis in underrepresented groups.ResultsAll of Us data release includes 329,038 participants. Of these, 251,597 (76.5%) had electronic health record data and 6932 had tinea pedis (overall prevalence, 2.76%; 95% CI, 2.69–2.82). Multivariate analyses revealed that compared with White participants, Black and Hispanic participants had a higher adjusted odds of tinea pedis (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.20–1.38 and OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.28–1.48, respectively). Higher adjusted odds of tinea pedis were observed in underrepresented groups defined by: age > =75 years (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.33–1.57), LGBTQ status (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.27), less than a high school education (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.34), income <$35,000 (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16) and physical disability (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08–1.24).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with overall age, and gender‐specific prevalence estimates from prior epidemiologic studies, validating the scientific consistency of the new AoU database. Additionally, there may be an increased burden of tinea pedis among Black and Hispanic individuals.
High‐resolution impedance manometry for comparing bolus transit between patients with non‐obstructive dysphagia and asymptomatic controls
Authors: Cha Boram , Choi Kyungmin , Jung Kee Wook , Kim Hwa Jung , Kim Ga Hee , Na Hee Kyong , Ahn Ji Yong , Lee Jeong Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Kim Do Hoon , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Joo Segyeong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are no high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM)‐based diagnostic criteria for non‐obstructive dysphagia (NOD). New impedance parameters, such as the esophageal impedance integral (EII) and volume of inverted impedance (VII) ratios, have shown strong correlations with bolus transit. This study compared the EII and VII ratios as diagnostic tools for NOD.MethodsWe analyzed 36 participants (12 patients with achalasia, 12 patients with NOD [7 with normal motility and 5 with ineffective esophageal motility], and 12 asymptomatic controls) who underwent HRIM with a maximum of 5 swallows per participant. The EII and VII ratios were calculated as Z2 (post‐swallow)/Z1 (pre‐swallow). Bolus transit was retrospectively evaluated using transluminal impedance analysis.Key ResultsBoth EII and VII ratios could effectively distinguish the achalasia group from the non‐achalasia groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]: 0.83 for VII vs. 0.80 for EII; p = 0.73). However, the VII ratio was significantly better in discriminating asymptomatic controls from patients with dysphagia (NOD + achalasia) (AUROC: 0.81 vs. 0.68; p = 0.01). Moreover, the VII ratio was better in discriminating asymptomatic controls from patients with NOD (AUROC: 0.68 vs. 0.51; p = 0.06). In repeated swallows, the VII ratio was consistently the lowest in controls and the highest in patients with achalasia, whereas the EII ratio did not show a consistent pattern.Conclusions & InferencesThe VII ratio was more reliable than the EII ratio for describing bolus transit and distinguishing patients with NOD from asymptomatic controls, even during repeated measures of subsequent swallows.
Differences in stereoacuity between crossed and uncrossed disparities reduce with practice
Authors: Clayton Robin , Siderov John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionStereoacuity, like many forms of hyperacuity, improves with practice. We investigated the effects of repeated measurements over multiple visits on stereoacuity using two commonly utilised clinical stereotests, for both crossed and uncrossed disparity stimuli.MethodsParticipants were adults with normal binocular vision (n = 17) aged between 18 and 50 years. Stereoacuity was measured using the Randot and TNO stereotests on five separate occasions over a six week period. We utilised both crossed and uncrossed stimuli to separately evaluate stereoacuity in both disparity directions. A subset of the subject group also completed a further five visits over an additional six week period. Threshold stereoacuity was determined by the lowest disparity level at which the subjects could correctly identify both the position and disparity direction (crossed or uncrossed) of the stimulus. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsStereoacuity for crossed and uncrossed stimuli improved significantly across the first five visits (F1,21 = 4.24, p = 0.05). The main effect of disparity direction on stereoacuity was not significant (F1 = 0.02, p = 0.91). However, a significant interaction between disparity direction and stereotest was identified (F1 = 7.92, p = 0.01).ConclusionsStereoacuity measured with both the TNO and Randot stereotests improved significantly over the course of five repetitions. Although differences between crossed and uncrossed stereoacuity were evident, they depended on the stereotest used and reduced or disappeared after repeated measurements. A single measure of stereoacuity is inadequate for properly evaluating adult stereopsis clinically.
Mitigating supply risk with limited information: Emergency supply and responsive pricing
Authors: Xing Guomin , Chen Zhi , Zhong Yuanguang , Zhou Yong‐Wu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the implications and interplay of emergency supply and responsive pricing—two effective strategies to mitigate supply risk—in response to yield randomness with limited distributional information. Specifically, we adopt a distribution‐free approach to study an ambiguity‐averse monopoly's joint price and production decisions given the random yield's mean and variance—arguably two of the most widely used and easy‐to‐estimate summary statistics. We derive for four models, which result from all possible combinations of the two strategies, closed‐form solutions of the optimal price and production decisions as well as the optimal profit. Through comparative analysis, we obtain several managerial insights based on the problem's parameters, including cost parameters, demand parameters, and supply variation. The firm can benefit more from pure emergency supply than from pure responsive pricing if the unit emergency purchasing cost is not larger than a certain threshold, and the strategic relation between emergency supply and responsive pricing also critically depends on the unit emergency purchasing cost as well as the type of distributional information we know about the random yield. We discuss how distributional information about mean and variance bridges the most and least variable situations of the random yield, thus establishing the gain and the limit of knowing variance.