bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muonic force behind flavor anomalies
Authors: Greljo Admir , Soreq Yotam , Stangl Peter , Thomsen Anders Eller , Zupan Jure 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We develop an economical theoretical framework for combined explanations of the flavor physics anomalies involving muons: (g − 2)μ, $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

, and b → sμ+μ− angular distributions and branching ratios, that was first initiated by some of us in ref. [1]. The Standard Model (SM) is supplemented with a lepton-flavored U(1)X gauge group. The U(1)X gauge boson with the mass of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.1) GeV resolves the (g − 2)μ tension. A TeV-scale leptoquark, charged under the U(1)X, carries a muon number and mediates B-decays without prompting charged lepton flavor violation or inducing proton decay. We explore the theory space of the chiral, anomaly-free U(1)X gauge extensions featuring the above scenario, and identify many suitable charge assignments for the SM+3νR fermion content with the integer charges in the range $$ {X}_{F_i} $$

X

F
i

∈ [−10, 10]. We then carry out a comprehensive phenomenological study of the muonic force in representative benchmark models. Interestingly, we found models which can resolve the tension without conflicting the complementary constraints, and all of the viable parameter space will be tested in future muonic resonance searches. Finally, the catalog of the anomaly-free lepton-non-universal charge assignments motivated us to explore different directions in model building. We present a model in which the muon mass and the (g − 2)μ are generated radiatively from a common short-distance dynamics after the U(1)X breaking. We also show how to charge a vector leptoquark under U(1)μ−τ in a complete gauge model.
Galilean gauge theories from null reductions
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Basu Rudranil , Islam Minhajul , Kolekar Kedar S. , Mehra Aditya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The procedure of null reduction provides a concrete way of constructing field theories with Galilean invariance. We use this to examine Galilean gauge theories, viz. Galilean electrodynamics and Yang-Mills theories in spacetime dimensions 3 and 4. Different non-relativistic conformal symmetries arise in these contexts: Schrödinger symmetry in d = 3 and Galilean conformal symmetry in d = 4. A canonical analysis further reveals that the symmetries enhance to their infinite dimensional versions in phase space and pick up central extensions. In addition, for the Abelian theory, we discuss non-relativistic electro- magnetic duality in d = 3 and its difference with the d = 4 version. We also mention some quantum aspects for both Abelian and non-Abelian theories.
TsT, black holes, and $$ T\overline{T} $$ + $$ J\overline{T} $$ + $$ T\overline{J} $$
Authors: Apolo Luis , Song Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We generate a class of string backgrounds by a sequence of TsT transformations of the NS1-NS5 system that we argue are holographically dual to states in a single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

+ $$ T\overline{J} $$
T

J
¯

-deformed CFT2. The new string backgrounds include general rotating black hole solutions with two U(1) charges as well as a smooth solution without a horizon that is interpreted as the ground state. As evidence for the correspondence we (i) derive the long string spectrum and relate it to the spectrum of the dual field theory; (ii) show that the black hole thermodynamics can be reproduced from single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

+ $$ T\overline{J} $$
T

J
¯

-deformed CFTs; and (iii) show that the energy of the ground state matches the energy of the vacuum in the dual theory. We also study geometric properties of these new spacetimes and find that for some choices of the parameters the three-dimensional Ricci scalar in the Einstein frame can become positive in a region outside the horizon before reaching closed timelike curves and singularities.
Analysis of elongational flow of star polymers
Authors: Wagner Manfred H. , Narimissa Esmaeil , Huang Qian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStar polymers with three arms are the simplest example of branched polymers. Elongational rheology data of three well-characterized monodisperse polystyrene melts, a symmetric star, an asymmetric star, and a linear polymer with the same span molecular weight of 180 kg/mol reported by Huang et al. (Macromolecules 49:6694−6699, 2016) are analyzed by the enhanced relaxation of stretch (ERS) model (Wagner and Narimissa, J Rheol 65:1413–1421, 2021). All three melts show the same elongational stress growth coefficient and the same steady-state elongational viscosity in fast extensional flows when the stretch-related Weissenberg number $${Wi}_R=\dot{\varepsilon}{\tau}_R>1$$

Wi

R

=

ε
˙

τ
R

>
1

. Excellent agreement between experimental data of elongational stress growth coefficient and model predictions is obtained, based exclusively on the linear-viscoelastic characterization of the polymer systems. Stress relaxation following steady elongational flow depends on the presence of the branch point and the length of the arm, and a new process regarding relaxation of the orientation of the stars is identified.
Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Nie Yu , Murley Alexander , Golder Zoe , Rowe James B. , Allinson Kieren , Chinnery Patrick F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a common cause of young onset dementia and is characterised by focal neuropathology. The reasons for the regional neuronal vulnerability are not known. Mitochondrial mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of FTLD, raising the possibility that frontotemporal regional mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are contributory causes. Here we applied dual sequencing of the entire mtDNA at high depth to identify high-fidelity single nucleotide variants (mtSNVs) and mtDNA rearrangements in post mortem brain tissue of people affected by FTLD and age-matched controls. Both mtSNVs and mtDNA rearrangements were elevated in the temporal lobe, with the greatest burden seen in FTLD. mtSNVs found in multiple brain regions also reached a higher heteroplasmy levels in the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe of people with FTLD had a higher burden of ribosomal gene variants predicted to affect intra-mitochondrial protein synthesis, and a higher proportion of missense variants in genes coding for respiratory chain subunits. In conclusion, heteroplasmic mtDNA variants predicted to affect oxidative phosphorylation are enriched in FTLD temporal lobe, and thus may contribute to the regional vulnerability in pathogenesis.
Association between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Roell Lukas , Maurus Isabel , Keeser Daniel , Karali Temmuz , Papazov Boris , Hasan Alkomiet , Schmitt Andrea , Papazova Irina , Lembeck Moritz , Hirjak Dusan , Sykorova Eliska , Thieme Cristina E. , Muenz Susanne , Seitz Valentina , Greska David , Campana Mattia , Wagner Elias , Loehrs Lisa , Stoecklein Sophia , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Poemsl Johannes , Roeh Astrid , Malchow Berend , Keller-Varady Katriona , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Falkai Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is accompanied by widespread alterations in static functional connectivity associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. Improvements in aerobic fitness have been demonstrated to ameliorate symptomatology and cognition in people with schizophrenia, but the intermediary role of macroscale connectivity patterns remains unknown.ObjectiveTherefore, we aim to explore the relation between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in individuals with schizophrenia. Further, we investigate clinical and cognitive relevance of the identified fitness-connectivity links.MethodsPatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were included in this cross-sectional resting-state fMRI analysis. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations between aerobic fitness and functional connections across the whole brain as well as between static functional connectivity patterns and clinical and cognitive outcome were performed. Preliminary causal inferences were enabled based on mediation analyses.ResultsStatic functional connectivity between the subcortical nuclei and the cerebellum as well as between temporal seeds mediated the attenuating relation between aerobic fitness and total symptom severity. Functional connections between cerebellar seeds affected the positive link between aerobic fitness and global cognition, while the functional interplay between central and limbic seeds drove the beneficial association between aerobic fitness and emotion recognition.ConclusionThe current study provides first insights into the interactions between aerobic fitness, the functional connectome and clinical and cognitive outcome in people with schizophrenia, but causal interpretations are preliminary. Further interventional aerobic exercise studies are needed to replicate the current findings and to enable conclusive causal inferences.Trial registrationThe study which the manuscript is based on is registered in the International Clinical Trials Database (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier [NCT number]: NCT03466112) and in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00009804).
The impact of school-based screening on service use in adolescents at risk for mental health problems and risk-behaviour
Authors: Lustig Sophia , Kaess Michael , Schnyder Nina , Michel Chantal , Brunner Romuald , Tubiana Alexandra , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Sarchiapone Marco , Hoven Christina W. , Barzilay Shira , Apter Alan , Balazs Judit , Bobes Julio , Saiz Pilar Alejandra , Cozman Doina , Cotter Padraig , Kereszteny Agnes , Podlogar Tina , Postuvan Vita , Värnik Airi , Resch Franz , Carli Vladimir , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly detection and intervention can counteract mental disorders and risk behaviours among adolescents. However, help-seeking rates are low. School-based screenings are a promising tool to detect adolescents at risk for mental problems and to improve help-seeking behaviour. We assessed associations between the intervention “Screening by Professionals” (ProfScreen) and the use of mental health services and at-risk state at 12 month follow-up compared to a control group. School students (aged 15 ± 0.9 years) from 11 European countries participating in the “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) study completed a self-report questionnaire on mental health problems and risk behaviours. ProfScreen students considered “at-risk” for mental illness or risk behaviour based on the screening were invited for a clinical interview with a mental health professional and, if necessary, referred for subsequent treatment. At follow-up, students completed another self-report, additionally reporting on service use. Of the total sample (N = 4,172), 61.9% were considered at-risk. 40.7% of the ProfScreen at-risk participants invited for the clinical interview attended the interview, and 10.1% of subsequently referred ProfScreen participants engaged in professional treatment. There were no differences between the ProfScreen and control group regarding follow-up service use and at-risk state. Attending the ProfScreen interview was positively associated with follow-up service use (OR = 1.783, 95% CI = 1.038–3.064), but had no effect on follow-up at-risk state. Service use rates of professional care as well as of the ProfScreen intervention itself were low. Future school-based interventions targeting help-seeking need to address barriers to intervention adherence.Clinical Trials Registration: The trial is registered at the US National Institute of Health (NIH) clinical trial registry (NCT00906620, registered on 21 May, 2009), and the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00000214, registered on 27 October, 2009).
Can trans-S-manifolds be defined from the Gray-Hervella classification for almost Hermitian manifolds?
Authors: Alegre Pablo , Fernández Luis M. , Soriano-Trigueros Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, trans-S-manifolds have been defined as a wide class of metric f-manifolds which includes, for instance, f-Kenmotsu manifolds, S-manifolds and C-manifolds and generalize well-studied trans-Sasakian manifolds. The definition of trans-S-manifolds is formulated using the covariant derivative of the tensor f and although this formulation coincides with the characterization of trans-Sasakian manifolds in such a particular case, this latter type of manifolds were not initially defined in this way but using the Gray-Hervella classification of almost Hermitian manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study how (almost) trans-S-manifolds relate with the Gray-Hervella classification and to establish both similarities and differences with the trans-Sasakian case.
Triggering processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) in an un-glaciated area of the Cavargna Valley (Central Southern Alps) during the Middle Holocene
Authors: Livio F. A. , Zerboni A. , Ferrario M. F. , Mariani G. S. , Martinelli E. , Amit R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriggering mechanisms and causative processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) in Alpine and high mountain areas include, among others, post-glacial de-buttressing, earthquake-induced ground shaking, or co-seismic surface faulting. Distinguishing between climatic or tectonically driven factors is challenging since faults and fracture systems can play both an active and/or passive role in the process initiation. We applied an integrated approach, including morpho-structural analysis, geologic field survey, a paleoseismological approach applied to trenching, radiocarbon dating and detailed sedimentological analysis, to a DSGSD located in the Cavargna Valley (N Italy), an area that was never occupied by extensive ice tongues in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. We were able to document at least two phases of movement from the Middle Holocene onwards and related triggering factors. Thanks to the comparison with dated lacustrine turbidites in the Alpine Lakes, we argue a seismic triggering for the landslide onset, with a possible source located in southern Switzerland, close to the Insubric Line. The later evolution of the landslide was instead driven by climatic predisposing conditions (humid and cold), instead, corresponding to a phase of enhanced slope instability.
Invasive species and thermal squeeze: distribution of two invasive predators and drivers of ship rat (Rattus rattus) invasion in mid-elevation Fuscospora forest
Authors: Harris Holly A. L. , Kelly Dave , Innes John , Allen Robert B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change could alter the range, abundance, and interactions of species, potentially favouring invasive species and harming endemics. Ship rats (Rattus rattus) are one of the world's worst invasive predators but are typically absent from Aotearoa New Zealand's nativeFuscospora cliffortioides(mountain beech) forest above 1000 m. Stoats (Mustela erminea) are another damaging invasive predator in Aotearoa New Zealand and prey on ship rats. We analyse community trapping records 2007–2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of ship rats and their key predator stoats at Craigieburn Forest Park. We document an invasion of ship rats after 2010 at Craigieburn and hypothesised two drivers of the increase in rat abundance: (1) more frequent mountain beech high-seed years providing more food for rats; and (2) warming winter temperatures allowing rats to invade areas that were previously too cold. We were unable to test a third possible driver (stoat trapping resulting in top-down meso-predator release) due to the nature of the data available. Rats were more common at low altitudes near streams, and stoats were more common at higher-altitudes on forest edges. Average winter temperature, but not seedfall, increased significantly at Craigieburn mid-elevations since 1972. The best predictor of annual rat catch was higher average winter temperatures interacting with high seedfall. This shows a key interaction between two global change drivers: warming temperatures have allowed exotic ship rats to expand into areas where they were previously absent, increasing the resultant "thermal squeeze" of predation on sensitive endemic birds at higher-altitude sites.
Model-based characterization of permeability damage control through inhibitor injection under parametric uncertainty
Authors: Mahmudova Ayisha , Borsi Iacopo , Porta Giovanni Michele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDamage in subsurface formations caused by mineral precipitation decreases the porosity and permeability, eventually reducing the production rate of wells in plants producing oil, gas or geothermal fluids. A possible solution to this problem consists in stopping the production followed by the injection of inhibiting species that slow down the precipitation process. In this work we model inhibitor injection and quantify the impact of a set of model parameters on the outputs of the system. The parameters investigated concern three key factors contributing to the success of the treatment: i) the inhibitor affinity, described by an adsorption Langmuir isotherm, ii) the concentration and time related to the injection and iii) the efficiency of the inhibitor in preventing mineral precipitation. Our simulations are set in a stochastic framework where these inputs are characterized in probabilistic terms. Forward simulations rely on a purpose-built code based on finite differences approximation of the reactive transport setup in radial coordinates. We explore the sensitivity diverse outputs, encompassing the well bottom pressure and space-time scales characterizing the transport of the inhibitor. We find that practically relevant output variables, such as inhibitor lifetime and well bottom pressure, display a diverse response to input uncertainties and display poor mutual dependence. Our results quantify the probability of treatment failure for diverse scenarios of inhibitor-rock affinity. We find that treatment optimization based on single outputs may lead to high failure probability when evaluated in a multi-objective framework. For instance, employing an inhibitor displaying an appropriate lifetime may fail in satisfying criteria set in terms of well-bottom pressure history or injected inhibitor mass.
Lifestyle and metabolic factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Li Xue , Fan Rongrong , Arsenault Benoit , Gill Dipender , Giovannucci Edward L. , Zheng Ju-sheng , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been clearly identified. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore this. Independent genetic variants strongly associated with 5 lifestyle and 9 metabolic factors were selected as instrumental variables from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary-level data for NAFLD were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of 8434 cases and 770,180 non-cases (discovery dataset) and another GWAS meta-analysis of 1483 cases and 17,781 non-cases (replication dataset). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed. There were associations with NAFLD for lifetime smoking index (odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.93 per SD-increase), body mass index (BMI, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23–1.43 per SD-increase), waist circumference (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.48–2.24 per SD-increase), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.27 per unit increase in log-transformed odds), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07–1.26 per 10 mmHg increase), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.90 per SD-increase), and triglycerides (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.33 per SD-increase). The associations for type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, but not for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained strong after adjusting for genetically-predicted BMI. Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes mediated 51.4% (95% CI 13.4–89.3%) of the BMI-effects on NAFLD risk. There were suggestive inverse associations of genetically-predicted alcohol, coffee, and caffeine consumption, and vigorous physical activity with NAFLD risk. This study identified several lifestyle and metabolic factors that may be causally implicated in NAFLD.
Portraying the missing baryonic mass at the cosmic noon: the contribution of CUBES
Authors: D’Odorico Valentina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cosmological and galactic missing baryon problems are briefly reviewed with a particular focus on the contributions to the baryonic census derived from the analysis of quasar absorption spectra. The CUBES spectrograph foreseen for the ESO VLT, with its exceptional efficiency ($$> 40$$

>
40

%), blue wavelength coverage ($$\lambda \simeq 300-405$$

λ
≃
300
-
405

nm) and intermediate resolution ($$R\simeq 24,000$$

R
≃
24
,
000

) will allow us to tackle this issue with two approaches: using H i Lyman-$$\alpha$$
α
lines at $$z \simeq 1.5-2.3$$

z
≃
1.5
-
2.3

, just after the peak of star formation, and using O vi absorbers at $$z \simeq 1.9-2.9$$

z
≃
1.9
-
2.9

, at the cosmic noon. In both cases, in order to derive the baryonic masses it will be necessary to acquire also higher-resolution spectra of the same target quasars to cover the region at longer wavelengths. We simulate the observations with the CUBES E2E simulator considering a sample of 40 bright quasars at redshifts $$z_\mathrm{em}\sim 2-3$$

z
em

∼
2
-
3

observed for a total time of $$\sim 13$$

∼
13

h to reach a signal-to-noise ratio of $$\sim 15$$

∼
15

in the H i Lyman-$$\alpha$$
α
, O vi forests.
The optimized inclusion level of Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla pinnata in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance
Authors: Ismail Taha , Hegazi Elsayed , Nassef Eldsokey , Habotta Ola A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 95-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of feeding Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla (BSFA) on nonspecific immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance in the Nile tilapia. We formulated five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets to incorporate BSFA at level of (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%). The growth performance parameters (FBW, BWG, SGR, PER, and FCR) revealed a significant increase in the BSFA30 tilapia group compared to the control group followed by BSFA45 (P < 0.05). The BSFA30 group exhibited the highest nonspecific immunity parameters including (lysozyme activity, phagocytic index, and phagocytic activity) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). SOD and GPx reported the highest values in the BSFA60 group. Nile tilapia carcass composition was not influenced by BSFA inclusion level (P > 0.05). Interestingly, Nile tilapia fed with BSFA15 diet exhibited the highest protease activity level (P < 0.05), while those fed on BSFA30 documented the highest amylase activity. Intestinal histomorphology was significantly enhanced with the gradual increase of administrated BSFA. Regarding the tilapia disease resistance against Aeromonas septicemia, BSFA significantly diminished the cumulative mortality compared to the control group. To sum up, BSFA was more effective in improving the growth performance and immunity of Nile tilapia.
Graphical abstract