bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPG: a multitasking genome caretaker
Authors: Muniesa-Vargas Alba , Theil Arjan F. , Ribeiro-Silva Cristina , Vermeulen Wim , Lans Hannes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe XPG/ERCC5 endonuclease was originally identified as the causative gene for Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group G. Ever since its discovery, in depth biochemical, structural and cell biological studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into its function in excising DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair, together with the ERCC1–XPF endonuclease. In recent years, it has become evident that XPG has additional important roles in genome maintenance that are independent of its function in NER, as XPG has been implicated in protecting replication forks by promoting homologous recombination as well as in resolving R-loops. Here, we provide an overview of the multitasking of XPG in genome maintenance, by describing in detail how its activity in NER is regulated and the evidence that points to important functions outside of NER. Furthermore, we present the various disease phenotypes associated with inherited XPG deficiency and discuss current ideas on how XPG deficiency leads to these different types of disease.
CHARACTERIZATION OF n-DIMENSIONAL NORMAL AFFINE SLn-VARIETIES
Authors: REGETA ANDRIY 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that any normal irreducible affinen-dimensional SLn-varietyXis determined by its automorphism group seen as an ind-group in the category of normal irreducible affine varieties. In other words, ifYis an irreducible affine normal algebraic variety such that Aut(Y) ≃ Aut(X) as an ind-group, thenY≃Xas a variety. If we drop the condition of normality onY, then this statement fails. In casen≥ 3, the result above holds true if we replace Aut(X) by 𝒰(X), where 𝒰(X) is the subgroup of Aut(X) generated by all one-dimensional unipotent subgroups. In dimension 2 we have some interesting exceptions.
Einstein’s energy and space isotropy
Authors: Hill James M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this note, we derive an extension of the conventional Einstein variation of mass formula with a specific expression arising from a Lorentz invariant equation for the energy rate $$\hbox {d}e/\hbox {d}p$$

d
e
/
d
p

where $$e = mc^2$$

e
=
m

c
2

is the particle energy, $$p = mu$$

p
=
m
u

the particle momentum and u the velocity. This is the simplest one-parameter Lorentz-invariant extension of the Einstein mass–energy relation. Implicit in the new expression is space–time anisotropy such that the particle has different rest masses in the positive and negative x directions. While numerous experiments have been undertaken aimed at testing such hypothesis, and all indicate the veracity of the assumption that space is isotropic, nevertheless since it is generally believed that black-holes exist at the centres of galaxies, space must be intrinsically anisotropic in some sense. Finally, we note a very curious connection with both the conventional Einstein energy–mass expression $$e = e_0/ (1 - (u/c)^2)^{1/2}$$

e
=

e
0

/

(
1
-

(
u
/
c
)

2

)

1
/
2

and the new expression derived here with certain singular integral equations usually associated with aero-foil problems, fluid mechanics and punch problems in elasticity, and that this connection is not some vague intangible relationship, but involves an exact correspondence.
Fast simulation of tempered stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Sabino Piergiacomo , Petroni Nicola Cufaro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes is a task closely related to the notion of self-decomposability. In particular, their transition laws are linked to the properties of what will be hereafter called thea-remainderof their self-decomposable stationary laws. In the present study we fully characterize the Lévy triplet of these$$a$$a-remainders and we provide a general framework to deduce the transition laws of the finite variation Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes associated with tempered stable distributions. We focus finally on the subclass of the exponentially-modulated tempered stable laws and we derive the algorithms for an exact generation of the skeleton of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes related to such distributions, with the further advantage of adopting procedures which are tens of times faster than those already available in the existing literature.
Portfolio optimization: not necessarily concave utility and constraints on wealth and allocation
Authors: Escobar-Anel Marcos , Kschonnek Michel , Zagst Rudi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider a portfolio optimization problem for a utility maximizing investor who is simultaneously restricted by convex constraints on portfolio allocation and upper and lower bounds on terminal wealth. After introducing a capped version of the Legendre–Fenchel-transformation, we use it to suitably extend the well-known auxiliary market framework for convex allocation constraints to derive equivalent optimality conditions for our setting with additional bounds on terminal wealth. The considered utility does not have to be strictly concave or smooth, as long as it can be concavified.
Supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty with ileum or ileocecum in the treatment of ulcerative interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a 14-year follow-up
Authors: Queissert Fabian , Bruecher Benedict , van Ophoven Arndt , Schrader Andres J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
This study analyzes the long-term results of supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty in patients with severe ulcerative interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and reduced bladder capacity.

Methods
Outcome data were retrospectively and prospectively collected and analyzed in women who underwent supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty for ulcerative IC/BPS at Muenster University Hospital between 1991 and 2006. We used cross-tabulation and Pearson’s Chi-squared test to examine how outcome is influenced by age, preoperative functional bladder volume, and choice of augmentation material.

Results
After a median 171-month follow-up, analysis could be done in 26 of 27 patients. Persistent pain necessitated early revision in 2 patients (7.7%). Mean postoperative O’Leary Sant IC Score was 12.7 in the prospectively questioned patients. Responses to Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) were: “very much better” in 15 cases (65.2%) and “much better” in 7 (30.4%). Twelve patients (52.2%) emptied their augmented bladder voluntarily, whereas 7 (32%) needed intermittent self-catheterization (ISC). The rate of patients requiring ISC tended to be lower when detubularized ileocecal bowel was used. All 5 patients (19.2%) with late relapse of ulcerative IC/BPS needed ISC.

Conclusions
Severe ulcerative IC/BPS can be curatively treated in some patients by supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation, which is associated with a high satisfaction rate and few long-term complications even over a very long follow-up. In our analysis, the need for ISC is a risk factor for late relapse, although ileocecal augmentation could increase the proportion of patients with sufficient voluntary micturition.
Simplified screening approach of anabolic steroid esters using a compact atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometric system
Authors: Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga Ane , Zoontjes Paul W. , Lasaroms Johan J. P. , Nielen Michel W. F. , Blokland Marco H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the absence of chromatographic separation, ambient ionization mass spectrometry had the potential to improve the throughput of control laboratories in the last decades and will soon be an excellent approach for on-site use as well. In this study, an atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) with a single quadrupole mass analyzer has been evaluated to identify anabolic steroid esters rapidly. Sample introduction, applied scan time, and probe temperature were optimized for sensitivity. The in-source fragmentations of seventeen selected steroid esters, commonly found in illicit samples, were determined by applying different cone voltages (12, 20, 30, and 40 V). A spectral library was created for these steroid esters based on the four stages of in-source fragmentation spectra. The applicability of this method was demonstrated for the rapid identification of steroid esters in oily injection solutions, providing test results in less than 2 min.
Graphical abstract
Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging can identify pelvic nerves in patients with cervical cancer in real time during radical hysterectomy
Authors: He Kunshan , Li Pengfei , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Jiaqi , Liu Pan , Gong Shipeng , Chi Chongwei , Liu Ping , Chen Chunlin , Tian Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radical hysterectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer, but unrecognized pelvic nerves are vulnerable to irreversible damage during surgery. This early clinical trial investigated the feasibility and safety of intraoperative near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging (NIR-FI) with indocyanine green (ICG) for identifying pelvic nerves during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.

Methods
Sixty-six adults with cervical cancer were enrolled in this prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center clinical trial. NIR-FI was performed in vivo to identify genitofemoral (GN), obturator (ON), and hypogastric (HN) nerves intraoperatively. The primary endpoint was the presence of fluorescence in pelvic nerves. Secondary endpoints were the ICG distribution in a nerve specimen and potential underlying causes of fluorescence emission in pelvic nerves.

Results
In total, 63 patients were analyzed. The ON was visualized bilaterally in 100% (63/63) of patients, with a mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 5.3±2.1. The GN was identified bilaterally in 93.7% (59/63) of patients and unilaterally in the remaining 4 patients, with a mean SBR of 4.1±1.9. The HN was identified bilaterally in 81.0% (51/63) of patients and unilaterally in 7.9% (5/63) of patients, with a mean SBR of 3.5±1.3. ICG fluorescence was detected in frozen sections of a nerve specimen, and was mainly distributed in axons. No ICG-related complications were observed.

Conclusion
This early clinical trial demonstrated the feasibility and safety of NIR-FI to visualize pelvic nerves intraoperatively. Thus, NIR-FI may help surgeons adjust surgical decision-making, avoid nerve damage, and improve surgical outcomes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04224467
Induction therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE procures long-term survival in locally advanced or oligometastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm patients
Authors: Minczeles Noémie S. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , van Gils Marjon J. , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Feelders Richard A. , de Herder Wouter W. , Brabander Tessa , Hofland Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE induces objective response in up to 57% of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs). Therefore, PRRT may comprise a downstaging option for panNEN patients who are not eligible for upfront curative surgery or are at high risk for recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the potency of induction PRRT for locally advanced panNENs and to evaluate the effect of surgery after PRRT on overall survival (OS).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of panNEN patients treated with induction 177Lu-DOTATATE.

Results
After PRRT, 26 out of 49 patients underwent pancreatic surgery with curative intent (PRRT + surgery). Partial objective response was obtained in 62% of the PRRT + surgery group versus 26% of the patients not undergoing panNEN surgery (PRRT-only group, p = 0.02). Downstaging in tumour-vessel interface was observed in 38% of all patients with at least one involved vessel. Median OS was 14.7 years (95% CI 5.9–23.6) for the PRRT + surgery group compared to 5.5 years (95% CI 4.5–6.5) for the PRRT-only group (p = 0.003). In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, surgery was not significantly associated with OS after propensity score adjustment with cumulative activity, performance status, tumour size after PRRT, and tumour grade. Median progression-free survival was 5.3 years (95% CI 2.4–8.1) for the PRRT + surgery group and 3.0 years (95% CI 1.6–4.4) for the PRRT-only group (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Early administration of PRRT followed by surgery is associated with favourable long-term outcomes in patients with locally advanced or oligometastatic panNEN and can be considered for selected patients with vascular involvement and/or increased risk of recurrence.
New distribution records of kelp in the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Passage, Canada, fill a pan-Arctic gap
Authors: Bluhm Bodil A. , Brown Kristina , Rotermund Lina , Williams William , Danielsen Seth , Carmack Eddy C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKelps play important roles in ecosystems as they provide structural habitat and protection, and supply food. Given these beneficial roles and observed increases in seaweed biomass and distribution ranges across the Arctic, mapping kelp occurrence around Arctic coasts is both timely and necessary for future conservation. Here, we fill spatial gaps in the knowledge of kelp distribution in the southern Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; specifically, we report the occurrence of Laminaria solidungula, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta from Victoria and Dease straits and Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region at depths mostly from 10 to 30 m (max. 40 m; upper extent vessel-limited). Kelp specimens were found at bottom water temperatures from sub-zero to 1 °C (surface-T to ~ 6 °C) and bottom water salinities of ~ 28 (surface-S < 20) in August–September. Kelp sites were characterized by both strong tidal currents (max. estimates from a tidal model 20–70 cm s−1 in center of passages) and hard substrates, interspersed with finer sediments. Co-occurring identifiable epibenthos was dominated by suspension-feeders preferring currents (sea cucumbers, soft corals, Hiatella clams), potential kelp consumers (sea urchins Strongylocentrotus sp., Margarites snails, limpets) and predatory invertebrates (sea stars, lyre crabs). At the same and some deeper nearby sites, loose kelp fragments were also found at the seabed, suggesting that kelps contribute to the regional detrital food web by supplying carbon to less productive sites. Kelps in the region may expand their ranges and/or growing season with reduced ice cover and warming, although constraints through local turbidity sources, extreme temperatures, low salinity and low nutrient concentrations are also recognized.
Pediatric age estimation from radiographs of the knee using deep learning
Authors: Demircioğlu Aydin , Quinsten Anton S. , Forsting Michael , Umutlu Lale , Nassenstein Kai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Age estimation, especially in pediatric patients, is regularly used in different contexts ranging from forensic over medicolegal to clinical applications. A deep neural network has been developed to automatically estimate chronological age from knee radiographs in pediatric patients.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 3816 radiographs of the knee from pediatric patients from a German population (acquired between January 2008 and December 2018) were collected to train a neural network. The network was trained to predict chronological age from the knee radiographs and was evaluated on an independent validation cohort of 423 radiographs (acquired between January 2019 and December 2020) and on an external validation cohort of 197 radiographs.

Results
The model showed a mean absolute error of 0.86 ± 0.72 years and 0.9 ± 0.71 years on the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. Separating age classes (< 14 years from ≥ 14 years and < 18 years from ≥ 18 years) showed AUCs between 0.94 and 0.98.

Conclusions
The chronological age of pediatric patients can be estimated with good accuracy from radiographs of the knee using a deep neural network.

Key Points
• Radiographs of the knee can be used for age estimations in pediatric patients using a standard deep neural network.
• The network showed a mean absolute error of 0.86 ± 0.72 years in an internal validation cohort and of 0.9 ± 0.71 years in an external validation cohort.
• The network can be used to separate the age classes < 14 years from ≥ 14 years with an AUC of 0.97 and < 18 years from ≥ 18 years with an AUC of 0.94.
High stability in near-infrared spectroscopy: part 2, optomechanical analysis of an optical contacted V-shaped cavity
Authors: Jobert Nicolas , Casado Mathieu , Kassi Samir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOptical feedback is a powerful technique to stabilise and narrow semi-conductor lasers. As a step forward for field deployable, ultra-stable yet tunable sources, we analyse and model the opto-mechanical design of a V-shaped cavity optical feedback (VCOF) reference cavity. We estimate the relative contributions of sources of external disturbance on the optical resonance frequency of the cavity, and ultimately define the minimal thermal and mechanical shielding requirements to face field conditions. We attest of the robustness of the developed system, and show that external sources of disturbance are only secondary contributors to the overall stability of the cavity. The suite of analytical tools developed in the process paves the way for lighter and more compact cavity designs, more adapted to field deployment.
A low-effort and inexpensive methodology to determine beam separation distance of multi-foci FLDI
Authors: Camillo Giannino Ponchio , Wagner Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new method is presented to measure the separation distance between probing volumes of closely spaced multi-foci Focused Laser Differential Interferometers (FLDI). The accuracy and precision of this distance measurement directly translate into the quality of convection velocity measurements performed by means of arrays of FLDI. The suggested method is based on the detection of a propagating weak blast wave, generated with a simple and inexpensive apparatus using an automotive spark plug. Demonstration is conducted using an FLDI with two foci (D-FLDI). The generated blast wave is probed at multiple distances from its source to verify its weakening into an acoustic pulse, which offers ideal conditions to the proposed methodology. D-FLDI separation distance measurement using the new approach is compared to measurements using beam profiler images and to the alternative currently established in the literature, based on the FLDI response to a moving weak lens. Tests are made on varying internal configurations of the D-FLDI, while the distance between the two systems is kept constant. Results show the present method to have improved accuracy and robustness in comparison with the moving lens approach, while requiring significantly less effort. Measured separation distances obtained from blast wave detections in a single location are within $$0.5 \%$$

0.5
%

of the reference value measured through the beam profiler. This procedure is therefore a practical and reliable alternative to the measurement using beam profiler imaging, with similar quality. Its advantages concern associated costs, flexibility when measuring in constrained spaces such as in proximity to walls, and applicability to systems in which beam imaging is not an option, such as multi-point line FLDI.
Impacts of New Implementing Strategies for Surface and Model Physics Perturbations in TREPS on Forecasts of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Xubin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo improve the ensemble prediction system of the tropical regional atmosphere model for the South China Sea (TREPS) in predicting landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs), the impacts of three new implementing strategies for surface and model physics perturbations in TREPS were evaluated for 19 TCs making landfall in China during 2014–16. For sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations, spatially uncorrelated random perturbations were replaced with spatially correlated ones. The multiplier f, which is used to form perturbed tendency in the Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendency (SPPT) scheme, was inflated in regions with evident convective activity (f-inflated SPPT). Lastly, the Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization (SPP) scheme with 14 perturbed parameters selected from the planetary boundary layer, surface layer, microphysics, and cumulus convection parameterizations was added. Overall, all these methods improved forecasts more significantly for non-intensifying than intensifying TCs. Compared with f-inflated SPPT, the spatially correlated SST perturbations generally showed comparable performance but were more (less) skillful for intensifying (non-intensifying) TCs. The advantages of the spatially correlated SST perturbations and f-inflated SPPT were mainly present in the deterministic guidance for both TC track and wind and in the probabilistic guidance for reliability of wind. For intensifying TCs, adding SPP led to mixed impacts with significant improvements in probability-matched mean of modest winds and in probabilistic forecasts of rainfall; while for non-intensifying TCs, adding SPP frequently led to positive impacts on the deterministic guidance for track, intensity, strong winds, and moderate rainfall and on the probabilistic guidance for wind and discrimination of rainfall.
Quantitative estimation of pulmonary artery wedge pressure from chest radiographs by a regression convolutional neural network
Authors: Saito Yuki , Omae Yuto , Fukamachi Daisuke , Nagashima Koichi , Mizobuchi Saki , Kakimoto Yohei , Toyotani Jun , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent studies reported that a convolutional neural network (CNN; a deep learning model) can detect elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) from chest radiographs, the diagnostic images most commonly used for assessing pulmonary congestion in heart failure. However, no method has been published for quantitatively estimating PAWP from such radiographs. We hypothesized that a regression CNN, an alternative type of deep learning, could be a useful tool for quantitatively estimating PAWP in cardiovascular diseases. We retrospectively enrolled 936 patients with cardiovascular diseases who had undergone right heart catheterization (RHC) and chest radiography and estimated PAWP by constructing a regression CNN based on the VGG16 model. We randomly categorized 80% of the data as training data (training group, n = 748) and 20% as test data (test group, n = 188). Moreover, we tuned the learning rate—one of the model parameters—by 5-hold cross-validation of the training group. Correlations between PAWP measured by RHC [ground truth (GT) PAWP] and PAWP derived from the regression CNN (estimated PAWP) were tested. To visualize how the regression CNN assessed the images, we created a regression activation map (RAM), a visualization technique for regression CNN. Estimated PAWP correlated significantly with GT PAWP in both the training (r = 0.76, P < 0.001) and test group (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots found a mean (SEM) difference between GT and estimated PAWP of − 0.23 (0.16) mm Hg in the training and − 0.05 (0.41) mm Hg in the test group. The RAM showed that our regression CNN model estimated high PAWP by focusing on the cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. In the test group, the area under the curve (AUC) for detecting elevated PAWP (≥ 18 mm Hg) produced by the regression CNN model was similar to the AUC of an experienced cardiologist (0.86 vs 0.83, respectively; P = 0.24). This proof-of-concept study shows that regression CNN can quantitatively estimate PAWP from standard chest radiographs in cardiovascular diseases.