bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sanctity of goddesses: an insight into the worship of Bà Tổ Cô in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Lam , Nguyen Ky Nam , Phan Quang Anh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Vietnam, a country where religious expression is widespread, many gods and goddesses are commonly worshipped. Among those, Bà Tổ Cô (Family Goddess) is widely worshipped in the North of Vietnam due to her exceptional background as unmarried, young, and having spiritual roots, unlike other national and heroic figures. This article examines the sanctity of the Family Goddess by decoding the terms, worshippers, beliefs and practices, sacred encounters and supports. The research is a final result of decade-long field trips, archival study, and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The research findings show that the veneration of the Family Goddess in Northern Vietnam is a continuity of a long-standing tradition of worshipping female deities in Asia and thus emphasising the need to maintain this unique intangible heritage as a crucial part of Vietnamese cultural diversity.
Assessment practices in Saudi higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Almossa Samar Yakoob , Alzahrani Sahar Matar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study determines the assessment practices used by teaching staff in Saudi universities, explores how these assessment practices have changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and investigates how teaching staffs’ priorities and preferences for education on assessment during the pandemic were shaped. To support professional development, the study also aims to raise teaching staffs’ awareness of assessment practices. Teaching staff in Saudi universities were invited to complete the Approaches to Classroom Inventory survey. The results showed that the most highly endorsed practices included giving feedback, linking assessments to learning objectives and learning outcomes, using scoring guides, and monitoring and revising assessment approaches. The least endorsed practices included mapping summative assessment to curriculum expectations, responding to the cultural and linguistic diversity of students, and accommodating students with special needs/exceptionalities in assessments. Further, during the pandemic, formative assessments were rarely used. Although faculty members from various colleges and fields of specialty showed similar patterns in endorsing assessment practices, they differed in their preferences and needs for assessment education.
Electron–phonon effects on the photoacoustic response of gold core–silica shell nanoparticles: From the linear regime to nanocavitation
Authors: Lombard Julien , Biben Thierry , Merabia Samy 
Published: January 2022

Coating gold nanostructures with a silica shell has been long considered for biomedical applications, including photoacoustic imaging. Recent experimental and modeling investigations reported contradicting results concerning the effect of coating on the photoacoustic response of gold nanostructures. Enhanced photoacoustic response is generally attributed to facilitated heat transfer at the gold/silica/water system. Here, we examine the photoacoustic response of gold core–silica shell nanoparticles immersed in water using a combination of the two temperature model and hydrodynamic phase field simulations. Here, of particular interest is the role of the interfacial coupling between the gold electrons and silica shell phonons. We demonstrate that as compared to uncoated nanoparticles, photoacoustic response is enhanced for very thin silica shells (5 nm) and short laser pulses, but for thicker coatings, the photoacoustic performance are generally deteriorated. We extend the study to the regime of nanocavitation and show that the generation of nanobubbles may also play a role in the enhanced acoustic response of core–shell nanoparticles. Our modeling effort may serve as guides for the optimization of the photoacoustic response of heterogeneous metal–dielectric nanoparticles.
A liquid with distinct metastable structures: Supercooled butyronitrile
Authors: Gabriel Jan P. , Thoms Erik , Guiseppi-Elie A. , Ediger M. D. , Richert Ranko 
Published: January 2022

The dielectric relaxation behavior of the molecular glass former butyronitrile is revisited by measuring both bulk samples cooled from the melt and samples obtained by physical vapor deposition. We find that the dielectric constant in the viscous regime of the bulk liquid is much higher than reported previously, reaching εs = 63 at T = 103 K, i.e., just above the glass transition temperature Tg = 97 K. By contrast, varying the deposition temperature and rate of vapor-deposited samples leads to dielectric constants in a range between 4.5 and 63 at T = 103 K. Values much below εs = 63 persist for thousands of seconds, where the dielectric relaxation time is about 0.1 s. The observations can be interpreted by the formation of clusters in which pair-wise anti-parallel dipole orientation is the preferred state at temperatures well below the glass transition. These non-crystalline clusters are long-lived even above Tg, where the remaining volume fraction is in the state of the equilibrium polar liquid.
Interplay between Asters/GRAMD1s and phosphatidylserine in intermembrane transport of LDL cholesterol
Authors: Trinh Michael N. , Brown Michael S. , Seemann Joachim , Vale Gonçalo , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Goldstein Joseph L. , Lu Feiran 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Cholesterol constitutes 50% of lipids in the plasma membrane (PM) of animal cells. Sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) maintain this level by adjusting cholesterol uptake, synthesis, and storage. Uptake is mediated by LDL receptors, which deliver cholesterol-carrying LDL to lysosomes from which cholesterol moves to the PM and then to the ER. We report PM-to-ER transport of LDL cholesterol requires cholesterol-binding Aster proteins anchored to the ER and phosphatidylserine embedded in the PM. Asters are known to bind phosphatidylserine, and this accounts for part of the phosphatidylserine requirement. However, the current data suggest an additional requirement for phosphatidylserine independent of Asters. These data advance our knowledge of PM cholesterol homeostasis, a control mechanism essential for cell growth and survival.
Relationship between TV watching during childhood and adolescence and fitness in adulthood in the Raine Study cohort
Authors: Haynes Andrew , McVeigh Joanne , Lester Leanne , Eastwood Peter R. , Straker Leon , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence , Green Daniel J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTTo investigate: (1) whether TV watching habits throughout childhood and adolescence, a proxy of sedentary behaviour, impacted cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood, and (2) whether any potential impact of TV watching in childhood and adolescence on CRF in adulthood was changed by adult physical activity (PA) levels. A longitudinal study with questionnaire data available regarding TV watching collected at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, 17 and 20 yrs, allowed trajectories of TV watching to be developed. At age 28 yrs, participants completed a V̇O2peak test and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. General linear models tested for differences in CRF (time to exhaustion TTE and V̇O2peak mL·kg−1·min−1) between TV watching trajectories. The secondary analysis tested the potential effect current PA levels has on the relationship between TV trajectory and fitness. In total, 449 participants [male n = 255 (56.8%), 28.3 ± 0.5 yrs; female n = 194 (43.2%), 28.2 ± 0.4 yrs] were included in the study. Three distinct trajectories of TV watching were identified: High TV, Increasing TV and Low TV. CRF was lowest in the High TV watching trajectory and increased progressively from High to Increasing TV and Increasing to Low TV (all P < .05). Within each of the TV trajectories, those engaging in high levels of current PA had greater CRF than those engaging in low and moderate PA. TV watching in childhood and adolescence negatively impacts upon adult fitness at the age of 28 years. However, this negative impact of historical TV watching on CRF can largely be attenuated by engaging in higher levels of PA in adulthood.
Multiparameter-controlled laser ionization within a plasma wave for wakefield acceleration
Authors: Stumpf M , Melchger M , Montag S , Pretzler G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an optical setup for well-defined ionization inside a plasma such that precisely controlled spots of high electron density can be generated. We propose to use the setup for Trojan Horse Injection (or Plasma Photocathode Emission) where a collinear laser beam is needed to release electrons inside a plasma wakefield. The reflection-based setup allows a suitable manipulation of the laser near field without disturbing the spectral phase of the laser pulses. A required ionization state and volume can be reached by tuning the beam size, pulse duration and pulse energy. The ionization simulations enable a prediction of the ionization spot and are in good agreement with dedicated experiments which measured the number of electrons created during the laser–gas interaction.
Photo- and exchange-field controlled line-type resonant peaks and enhanced spin and valley polarizations in a magnetic WSe2 junction
Authors: Alipourzadeh Mohammad , Hajati Yaser , Makhfudz Imam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Existing resonant tunneling modes in the shape of line-type resonances can improve the transport properties of the junction. Motivated by the unique structural properties of monolayer WSe2 e.g. significant spin–orbitcoupling and large direct band gap, the transport properties of a normal/ferromagnetic/normal WSe2 junction with large incident angles in the presence of exchange field (h), off-resonance light (

Δ
Ω

) and gate voltage (U) is studied. In a certain interval of U, the transmission shows a gap with optically controllable width, while outside it, the spin and valley resolved transmissions have an oscillatory behavior with respect to U. By applying

Δ
Ω

(h), an optically (electrically) switchable perfect spin and valley polarizations at all angles of incidence have been found. For large incident angles, the transmission resonances change to spin-valley-dependent separated ideal line-type resonant peaks with respect to U, results in switchable perfect spin and valley polarizations, simultaneously. Furthermore, even in the absence of U, applying h or

Δ
Ω

at large incident angles can give some spin-valley dependent ideal transmission peaks, making h or

Δ
Ω

a transmission valve capable of giving a switchable fully spin-valley filtering effect. These findings suggest some alternate methods for providing high efficiency spin and valley filtering devices based on WSe2.
Pressure-stabilized high-energy-density material YN10
Authors: Lu Wencheng , Hao Kun , Liu Siyu , Lv Jian , Zhou Mi , Gao Pengyue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polynitrogen compounds have been intensively studied for potential applications as high energy density materials, especially in energy and military fields. Here, using the swarm intelligence algorithm in combination with first-principles calculations, we systematically explored the variable stoichiometries of yttrium–nitrogen compounds on the nitrogen-rich regime at high pressure, where a new stable phase of YN10 adopting I4/m symmetry was discovered at the pressure of 35 GPa and showed metallic character from the analysis of electronic properties. In YN10, all the nitrogen atoms were sp
2-hybridized in the form of N5 ring. Furthermore, the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities were estimated to be 3.05 kJ g−1 and 9.27 kJ cm−1 respectively. Particularly, the calculated detonation velocity and pressure of YN10 (12.0 km s−1, 82.7 GPa) was higher than that of TNT (6.9 km s−1, 19.0 GPa) and HMX (9.1 km s−1, 39.3 GPa), making it a potential candidate as a high-energy-density material.
A novel multi-information decision fusion based on improved random forests in HVCB fault detection application
Authors: Ma Suliang , Li Jianlin , Wu Yiwen , Xin Chao , Li Yaxin , Wu Jianwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Evaluating the mechanical state of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) based on vibration information has currently become an important research direction. In contrast to the unicity of the travel–time and current–time curves, the vibration information from the different positions is diverse. These differences are often overlooked in HVCB fault identification applications. Additionally, the fault recognition results based on different location information often vary, and conflicting diagnosis results directly cause the accurate identification of the fault type to fail. Therefore, in this paper, a novel multi-information decision fusion approach is proposed based on the improved random forest (RF) and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. In the proposed method, the diagnostic distribution of all classification regression trees in the RF is considered to solve the conflicts among the multi-information diagnosis results. Experimental results show that the proposed method eases the contradiction of multi-position diagnostic results and improves the accuracy of fault identification. Furthermore, compared to the common classifiers and probability generation methods, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified.
Derivation of ensemble Kalman–Bucy filters with unbounded nonlinear coefficients
Authors: Lange Theresa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We provide a rigorous derivation of the ensemble Kalman–Bucy filter as well as the ensemble transform Kalman–Bucy filter in case of nonlinear, unbounded model and observation operators. We identify them as the continuous time limit of the discrete-time ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble square root filters, respectively, together with concrete convergence rates in terms of the discretisation step size. Simultaneously, we establish well-posedness as well as accuracy of both the continuous-time and the discrete-time filtering algorithms.
Investigation of 4,4′-bis[(N- carbazole) styryl] biphenyl (BSB4) for a pure blue fluorescent OLED with enhanced efficiency nearing the theoretical limit
Authors: Barah Dhruvajyoti , Sahoo Subhamoy , Inaganti Naga Sai Manoj , Kesavan Haripriya , Bhattacharyya Jayeeta , Ray Debdutta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
4,4′-bis[(N-carbazole) styryl] biphenyl (BSB4 or BSBCz) is one of the widely studied organic fluorescent materials for blue organic electroluminescent devices in the recent times. In this work, BSB4 is used as a guest material to construct the host-guest matrix for the emissive layer (EML) of a pure blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED). A pure blue emission suitable for display application with a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinate of (0.147,0.070) is achieved by the blue-shift of the emission spectrum of the host-guest matrix from that of the pristine guest (BSB4) molecules. The optimization of OLED structures is carried out by considering (a) charge balance in the EML for high exciton density, and (b) optical interference of generated light in the organic layers for increased light outcoupling. A thorough comparative study on the use of different combinations of widely used hole and electron transport layers to obtain charge balance in the EML of the OLED, thereby enhancing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is shown. Optical interference effects in the fabricated OLEDs are analyzed by optical simulation of each device structure by transfer matrix method. With the optimized device structures, we are able to overcome the 2% EQE limit that has been reported so far for blue fluorescent OLEDs with BSB4 as light emitting material and achieve a maximum EQE of 4.08%, which is near to the theoretical limit of EQE for fluorescent OLEDs.
Study of the impact of interface traps associated with SiN
X
passivation on AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs
Authors: Baby Rijo , Venugopalrao Anirudh , Chandrasekar Hareesh , Raghavan Srinivasan , Rangarajan Muralidharan , Nath Digbijoy N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we show that a bilayer SiN
x
passivation scheme which includes a high-temperature annealed SiN
x
as gate dielectric, significantly improves both ON and OFF state performance of AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MISHEMTs). Surface and bulk leakage paths were determined from devices with different SiN
x
passivation schemes. Temperature-dependent mesa leakage studies showed that the surface conduction could be explained using a 2D variable range hopping mechanism; this is attributed to the mid-gap interface states at the GaN(cap)/SiN
x
interface generated due to the Ga–Ga metal like bonding states. It was found that the high temperature annealed SiN
x
gate dielectric exhibited the lowest interface state density and a two-step C–V indicative of a superior quality SiN
x
/GaN interface as confirmed from conductance and capacitance measurements. High-temperature annealing helps form Ga–N bonding states, thus reducing the shallow metal-like interface states. MISHEMT measurements showed a significant reduction in gate leakage and a four-orders of magnitude improvement in the ON/OFF ratio while increasing the saturation drain current (I
DS) by a factor of 2. Besides, MISHEMTs with two-step SiN
x
passivation exhibited a relatively flat transconductance profile, indicating lower interface states density. The dynamic R
on with gate and drain stressing measurements also showed about 3× improvements in devices with bilayer SiN
x
passivation.
Laser double optical resonance excitation-ionization of Mo with optogalvanic detection
Authors: Lu Hu , Varvarezos Lazaros , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Andrighetto Alberto , Scarpa Daniele , Mariotti Emilio , Costello John T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report on the first measurement of resonant three-step, two-colour ionization of atomic molybdenum, using a hollow cathode lamp (HCL) with optogalvanic detection. Wavelength scans were made for two specific transitions involved in the ionization pathways under investigation, namely 4d5(6S)5s 7S3–4d5(6S)5p 7P4 and 4d5(6S)5p 7P4–4d5(6S)6d 7D5. So-called ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ optogalvanic signals were respectively observed for each resonant quantum jump and for the simultaneous excitation of the two laser frequencies. This successful detection confirms the HCL as a cost effective spectroscopic investigation tool. In particular its use in the optogalvanic mode of operation allows one to precisely, easily and reliably tune the wavelength of one or more lasers to resonances of interest for experiments in the general domain of atomic vapour laser isotope selection (AVLIS). This activity has been undertaken in the framework of the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project at the ISOL facility of the Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN. These measurements are a necessary step towards the realization of the MOLAS subproject of SPES, whose aim is to verify the production of 99m technetium for medical application via laser ionization of the 99 uma isotope of Molibdenum.
First principle investigation of stuctural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Ga1-x
In
x
P (x = 0.0 to 1.0) alloys
Authors: AlObaid Abeer A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Group III-V semiconductors are extensively studied for various technological applications. Different properties of Ga1-xInxP such as electronic, optical, elastic, thermal and mechanical properties were studied under different concentrations. However, there is no evident for thermoelectric performance of Ga1-xInxP (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0). In the present study, the structural, electronic and thermoelectric behavior of Ga1-xInxP computed by utilizing the WIEN2K package. The InP show indirect semiconductor nature of band gap of 2.1 eV. By adding the concentration of In, the band gap nature shifts from indirect to direct with a decrease in the band gap. For thermoelctric properties, Seebeck, thermal and electrical conductivity, power factor and figure of merit ZT are investigated through the BoltzTraP code. Our study reveals that Ga1-xInxP has a maximum value of ZT = 0.79 at x = 1, provide an opportunity for developing good thermoelectric devices.
Verification and validation of linear gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations for internal kink instability in DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Brochard G. , Bao J. , Liu C. , Gorelenkov N. , Choi G. , Dong G. , Liu P. , Mc.Clenaghan J. , Nicolau J.H. , Wang F. , Wang W.H. , Wei X. , Zhang W.L. , Heidbrink W. , Graves J.P. , Lin Z. , Lütjens H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Verification and linear validation of the internal kink instability in tokamak have been performed for both gyrokinetic (GTC) and kinetic-MHD codes (GAM-solver, M3D-C1-K, NOVA, XTOR-K). Using realistic magnetic geometry and plasma profiles from the same equilibrium reconstruction of the DIII-D shot #141216, these codes exhibit excellent agreement for the growth rate and mode structure of the internal kink mode when all kinetic effects are suppressed. The simulated radial mode structures, obtained from linear simulations, are in reasonable agreement with the normalised electron cyclotron emission measurement after adjusting, within the experimental uncertainty, the safety factor q = 1 flux-surface location in the equilibrium reconstruction. Compressible magnetic perturbations strongly destabilize the kink, while poloidal variations of the equilibrium current density reduce the growth rate of the kink. Furthermore, kinetic effects of thermal ions are found to decrease the kink growth rate in kinetic-MHD simulations, but increase the kink growth rate in gyrokinetic simulations, due to the additional drive of the ion temperature gradient and parallel electric field. Kinetic thermal electrons are found to have negligible effects on the internal kink instability.
Angular responsivity of ground and space-based direct solar irradiance radiometers
Authors: Hülsen Gregor , Gröbner Julian , Pfiffner Daniel , Gyo Manfred , Kouremeti Natalia , Föller Jakob 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The angular response setup of PMOD/WRC was modified to facilitate measurements of the narrow field of view of radiometers for direct solar irradiance. First, The pointing of the JTSIM-DARA radiometer was measured four times during its construction in the optic laboratory of PMOD/WRC. The final offset of the pointing before shipping relative to the optical axis, defined by a removable alignment cube, is 1.07° / 0.67° (β/γ-axis) for the four-quadrant sensor and 0.095°/-0.017° for the radiometer cavity A. Next to JTSIM-DARA the DARA for the occulter of the satellite Proba-3 was characterised at PMOD/WRC. First tests of the pointing have been carried out and the final pointing characterization will be carried out in summer 2021. Finally, the angular response setup was also used the angular responsivity of solar direct irradiance filter radiometers. The first test was carried out using Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) F-064.
Stray-Light Correction Methodology for the Precision Solar Spectroradiometer
Authors: Kouremeti Natalia , Gröbner Julian , Nevas Saulius 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A stray-light correction methodology for the Precision Solar Spectroradiometer (PSR) is presented. The correction is based on laboratory-measured line spread functions also taking into account the radiation from the 2nd and 3rd grating orders. The efficiency of the correction is validated on solar and lamp measurement data. The results are compared to those obtained with a PSR equipped with an order-sorting filter and with a Precision Filter Radiometer.