bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of cannabinoids to Danish patients with treatment refractory chronic pain—A retrospective observational real‐world study
Authors: Horsted Tina , Hesthaven Karoline Lichon , Leutscher Peter Derek Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCannabinoids are considered a therapeutic option to patients suffering from treatment refractory chronic pain (TRCP) insufficiently relieved by conventional analgesics or experiencing intolerable adverse events (AEs) from those. This study aimed to explore safety and effectiveness of oral cannabinoids among patients with TRCP.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among Danish patients with TRCP being prescribed oral cannabinoids. Data on AEs and changes in pain intensity by numeric rating scale (NRS) before and after initiation of oral cannabinoid therapy were analysed.ResultsAmong 826 eligible patients ≥18 years old, 529 (64%) were included for data analysis at first follow‐up (F/U1) (median 56 days from baseline) and 214 (26%) for second follow‐up (F/U2) (median 126 days from F/U1). Mean age was 60 ± 15.9 years and 70% were females. AEs were in general reported mild to moderate by 42% of patients at F/U1 and 34% at F/U2. AEs were mainly related to gastrointestinal (F/U1: 17% and F/U2: 13%) and nervous system disorders (F/U1: 14% and F/U2: 11%). Reduction in NRS was significantly different at both follow‐up consultations compared with baseline (<0.0001). Clinically relevant pain reduction (NRS ≥30%) was reported by 17% at F/U1 and 10% of patients at F/U2 in intention‐to‐treat analysis whereas the figures were 32% and 45% respectively, in per‐protocol analysis.ConclusionOral cannabinoid therapy seems to be safe and mildly effective in patients with TRCP. Randomized controlled trials with focus on comparable pain characteristics in diagnostical homogenous patient subgroups are needed for further improvement of evidence level for relief of chronic pain using oral cannabinoids.SignificanceThe findings in this retrospective study conducted in a real‐world clinical setting suggest a favourable safety profile of cannabinoids. Moreover, one‐sixth (intention‐to‐treat) and one‐third (per‐protocol) of patients with chronic pain refractory to conventional analgesics, or experiencing intolerable adverse effects, benefited significantly from therapy with oral cannabinoid regimens. Combination of THC and CBD seems overall more effective than cannabinoid monotherapy. Conduction of randomized controlled trials investigating safety and efficacy of cannabinoid therapy to diagnosis specific patient subgroups with comparable clinical and pathophysiological chronic pain characteristics is warranted, hence contributing further to the process of clinical evidence clarification currently in progress.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a bioretention cell experiment receiving agricultural runoff from a dairy farm production area during third and fourth years of operation
Authors: Sarazen Jillian , Hurley Stephanie , Faulkner Joshua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the performance of three bioretention cells during the third and fourth years post establishment with respect to their ability to capture nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in runoff from a dairy farm production area. The effects of two treatments across the three cells were evaluated: a vegetation treatment using switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and a soil amendment treatment using low‐P compost (derived from leaf litter). Cell 1 has neither vegetation nor compost; Cell 2 includes vegetation without compost; Cell 3 includes both vegetation and compost. The system was installed in 2016; performance was monitored in 2018 and 2019, after vegetation was well established. In 2019, bioretention cell hydrology was modified to create an internal storage zone (ISZ) and increase hydraulic retention time (HRT), targeting improved nitrate removal. In 2018, all three cells reduced effluent concentrations of total N by >50% and of both total P and soluble reactive P (SRP) by >90%. Similar trends were found in 2019 with the ISZ, except SRP effluent concentrations were significantly higher compared with 2018, indicating a tradeoff of P leaching associated with increased HRT. Averaging eight monitored storms, median mass removals of all nutrients for Cell 2 (with vegetation and without compost) was >94%. System performance improved during the third and fourth years of operation compared with results of the initial monitoring, highlighting the importance of monitoring once plant and soil media have become established.
Blue Lasing from Heavy‐Metal‐Free Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Wei Huayu , Wei Qi , Fang Fan , Xiang Guohong , Tong Bingyi , Wang Chenlin , Sun Baoqing , Zhao Xian , Li Mingjie , Sun Xiao Wei , Gao Yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising candidates for solution‐processed optical gain materials. Despite the substantial progress made with Cd or Pb‐contained CQDs, lasing from the environmentally friendly CQDs remains underexplored. Here, the highly emissive ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS and ZnSe/ZnS CQDs is developed. The optical gain and lasing action from such Te‐alloyed and intrinsic ZnSe/ZnS CQDs across the blue spectral region is achieved. Te‐alloyed ZnSe core manifests a quasitype‐II band alignment with the ZnSe intermediate layer, favorable for suppressing the Auger recombination and also lasing wavelength tuning. The transient absorption spectroscopy reveals evidence of a blue optical gain with a threshold of one exciton per dot and a lifetime of 171 ps in the alloyed CQDs. Under a quasicontinuous‐wave pumping, lasing is observed from the blue CQDs in Fabry–Pérot cavities with a lower threshold fluence of 12.5 µJ cm−2 as compared with the traditional counterparts with heavy metals. The demonstration of heavy‐metal‐free CQD lasing opens up new opportunities in the application of CQDs as efficient and environmental‐friendly gain media.
Social performance versus relative performance evaluation, asymmetric costs, and quantity competition under managerial delegation
Authors: Hamamura Jumpei , Ramani Vinay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper considers asymmetric performance evaluation measures in a duopoly with asymmetric costs and managerial delegation under quantity competition. Asymmetry along performance measures as well as cost leads to a several surprising results. First, we find that the social performance firm with a cost advantage earns a larger profit than its rival under a specific economic environment. Second, when the relative performance firm has the cost advantage, both firms adopt a less aggressive strategy under specific conditions, while the relative performance firm always earns a larger profit than its rival.
A staggered cell‐centered finite element method for Stokes problems with variable viscosity on general meshes
Authors: Huu Du Nguyen , Ong Thanh Hai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to extend the staggered cell‐centered finite element method (SCFEM) on general meshes for the Stokes problems with variable viscosity (possibly discontinuous). The scheme is cell‐centered in the sense that the solution can be computed by cell unknowns of the primal mesh and the dual mesh for the velocity and the pressure, respectively, where the velocity is approximated by piecewise linear functions () on the triangular dual submesh, and the pressure is approximated by piecewise constant functions () on the dual mesh. In order to get the local continuity of numerical stresses across the interfaces, the scheme gives the auxiliary edge unknowns interpolated by the multipoint stress approximation technique. Its stability and convergence properties are presented in the rigorous theoretical framework. Numerical results are carried out to highlight accuracy and computational cost.
A confirmatory factor analysis of the novice nurse practitioner role transition scale
Authors: Barnes Hilary , Faraz Covelli Asefeh , Rubright Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs interest in supporting new nurse practitioners' (NPs) transition to practice increases, those interested in measuring the concept will need an instrument with evidence of reliability and validity. The Novice NP Role Transition (NNPRT) Scale is the first instrument to measure the concept. The preliminary exploratory factor analysis revealed a five‐factor structure: organizational alignment, mentorship, sense of purpose, perceived competence and self‐confidence, and compensation. Using a cross‐sectional design and data from 210 novice NPs, the purpose of this study was to confirm the NNPRT Scale's internal factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The sample was primarily female (97.5%), White (75.9%), and certified in primary care (53.5%). The CFA confirmed the five‐factor structure, and model fit was improved by moving and omitting items (χ2[619] = 1277.799, p < 0.001; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.071 [0.066−0.077]). The final NNPRT Scale includes 37‐items, and internal consistency reliability was calculated at 0.95. Convergent validity evidence was supported by a positive, significant correlation with receiving a formal orientation in the first NP position; a negative, significant correlation with turnover intention; and a lack of a relationship with years of prior registered nurse experience. The NNPRT Scale is an instrument with sound evidence of reliability and validity. The NNPRT Scale will be useful for researchers, administrators, and clinicians looking to explore factors that affect NNPRT, as well as by clinicians and administrators implementing programs to support novice NPs' transition to practice.
Healthcare system engagement and algorithm‐identified cancer incidence following initiation of a new medication
Authors: D'Arcy Monica E. , Stürmer Til , Sandler Robert S. , Baron John A. , Jonsson‐Funk Michele L. , Troester Melissa A. , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeImplausibly high algorithm‐identified cancer incidence within a new user study after medication initiation may result from increased healthcare utilization (HU) around initiation (“catch‐up care”) that increases diagnostic opportunity. Understanding the relationships between HU prior to and around initiation and subsequent cancer rates and timing is important to avoiding protopathic bias.MethodsWe identified a cohort of 417 458 Medicare beneficiaries (2007–2014) aged ≥66 initiating an antihypertensive (AHT) after ≥180 days of non‐use. Initiators were stratified into groups of 0, 1, 2–3, and ≥4 outpatient visits (OV) 60–360 days before initiation. We calculated algorithm‐identified colorectal cancer (aiCRC) rates stratified by OVs and time since AHT initiation: (0–90, 91–180, 181–365, 366–730, and 731+ days). We summarized HU ‐360/+60 days around AHT initiation by aiCRC timing: (0–29, 30–89, 90–179, and ≥180 days).ResultsAiCRC incidence (311 per 100 000 overall) peaked in the first 0–90 days, was inversely associated with HU before initiation, and stabilized ≥180 days after AHT initiation. Catch‐up care was greatest among persons with aiCRCs identified <30 days in follow‐up. Catch‐up care magnitude decreased as time to the aiCRC date increased, with aiCRCs identified ≥180 days after AHT initiation exhibiting similar HU compared with the full cohort.ConclusionLower HU before—and increased HU around AHT initiation—seem to drive excess short‐term aiCRC incidence. Person‐time and case accrual should only begin when incidence stabilizes. When comparison groups within a study differ by HU, outcome‐detection bias may exist. Similar observations may exist in other settings when typical HU is delayed (e.g., cancer screening during SARS‐CoV‐2).
Evaluating the capacity of the distress thermometer to detect high fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Deuning‐Smit Esther , Custers José A. E. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Prins Judith B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common and burdensome to patients, but often remains undetected. Oncology professionals report need for tools to improve FCR detection in routine care. Oncology care guidelines recommend the Distress Thermometer (DT) for distress screening, but it has not been validated for FCR. This study evaluated the capacity of the DT and accompanying problem list to detect FCR.MethodsAmalgamated data of two studies with 149 breast cancer and 74 colorectal cancer survivors were used. We evaluated the Dutch DT including the DT score, problem list fears item and emotional domain score using Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses. The Dutch Cancer Worry Scale‐6 (CWS‐6) was used as reference measure, with validated cut‐off scores ≥10 and ≥12 for high FCR. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated.ResultsThe DT score showed poor performance in discriminating between low and high FCR. The recommended cut‐off ≥4 had low sensitivity (65% for CWS‐6≥10; 72% for CWS‐6 ≥12) and specificity (67% and 58%). No other cut‐off had an acceptable combination of sensitivity and specificity. The fears item had low sensitivity (29% and 44.9%) and high specificity (95% and 94%). The emotional domain score had fair performance in discriminating between low and high FCR but there was no cut‐off with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionThe DT as currently recommended in oncology care guidelines is not suitable to effectively detect FCR in routine care. To improve patients access to psychosocial care, it should be investigated how FCR‐specific measures can be integrated in oncology practice.
A high‐resolution AUV navigation framework with integrated communication and tracking for under‐ice deployments
Authors: Randeni Supun , Schneider Toby , Bhatt EeShan C. , Víquez Oscar A. , Schmidt Henrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe developed an environmentally adaptive under‐ice navigation framework that was deployed in the Arctic Beaufort Sea during the United States Navy Ice Exercise in March 2020 (ICEX20). This navigation framework contained two subsystems developed from the ground up: (1) an on‐board hydrodynamic model‐aided navigation (HydroMAN) engine, and (2) an environmentally and acoustically adaptive integrated communication and navigation network (ICNN) that provided acoustic navigation aiding to the former. The HydroMAN synthesized measurements from an inertial navigation system (INS), ice‐tracking Doppler velocity log (DVL), ICNN and pressure sensor into its self‐calibrating vehicle flight dynamic model to compute the navigation solution. The ICNN system, which consisted of four ice buoys outfitted with acoustic modems, trilaterated the vehicle position using the one‐way‐travel‐times (OWTT) of acoustic datagrams transmitted by the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and received by the ice buoy network. The ICNN digested salinity and temperature information to provide model‐assisted real‐time OWTT range conversion to deliver accurate acoustic navigation updates to the HydroMAN. To decouple the contributions from the HydroMAN and ICNN subsystems towards a stable navigation solution, this article evaluates them separately: (1) HydroMAN was compared against DVL bottom‐track aided INS during pre‐ICEX20 engineering trials where both systems provided similar accuracy; (2) ICNN was evaluated by conducting a static experiment in the Arctic where the ICNN navigation updates were compared against GPS with ICNN error within low tens of meters. The joint HydroMAN‐ICNN framework was tested during ICEX20, which provided a nondiverging high‐resolution navigation solution—with the majority of error below 15 m—that facilitated a successful AUV recovery through a small ice hole after an 11 km untethered run in the upper and mid‐water column.
Simple to Complex Amide Derivatives as Potent Anti‐Tuberculosis Agents: A Literature Survey of the Past Decade
Authors: Puri Surendra , Negi D. S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a life‐threatening persistent transmittable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) still leftovers one of the most widespread, contagious, and leading deadliest diseases known to mankind all over the world. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to subjugate the treatment outcomes, and to conquer the drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB), multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB), extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB), and totally drug‐resistant TB (TDR‐TB) phenomenon. In quest of searching for novel anti‐TB agents, several derivatives containing amide functionality have been synthesized and tested for their anti‐TB activity. It having found that drugs or lead compounds contain amide functionality are privileged motifs that act as primary pharmacophores in many bioactive compounds and possess various biological activities including anti‐tubercular, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐HIV, anti‐malarial, anti‐convulsant, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐diabetic, anti‐depressant, analgesics anti‐cancer, anti‐fungal, anti‐oxidant, anti‐microbial and so on. This review covers the past decade (2010–2022) of advances made towards the breakthrough of anti‐TB agents holding amide functionality. It is hoped that the comprehensive literature survey will be helpful and will open a new avenue in the pursuit for rational designs of more active and less toxic amide functionality‐based anti‐TB drugs.
Application of Z‐scheme Bi2O3‐Ag3PO4 Composite Photocatalyst in Degradation of Tetracycline and Methyl Orange
Authors: Han Hui , Liu Lei , Zhao Qian , Jiang Tingshun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new type of visible light Z‐scheme Bi2O3‐Ag3PO4 composite photocatalyst was created in this work using a simple in‐situ precipitation process. On this basis, the morphology, optical properties and electrochemical performance of the photocatalyst were studied by N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis and XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, UV‐vis DRS, PL, EIS, and other characterization methods. To further explore the photocatalytic performance of the composites, visible light degradation experiments were carried out on the antibiotic TC and the organic dyes MB and MO. The results show that the 0.025BA composite material exhibits higher photocatalytic performance than other comparative samples. In addition, the 0.025BA composite after five cycles of experiments also has a satisfactory photodegradation rate. The active species capture experiment and ESR showed that the active species h+, ⋅O2− are the main factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation, and ⋅OH played a minor role. The intermediates and possible decomposition pathways of TC were illustrated through LC–MS technology. Finally, the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism was speculated. On the whole, the high photocatalytic activity of the 0.025BA composite is perhaps the result of the formation of its Z‐scheme heterojunction, which enables fast transfer and high separation of photogenerated carriers at the heterojunction interface, and also accelerates the rate of redox reactions on electron‐hole pairs.
Usnea antarctica (James Ross Island, Antarctica) and Usnea subfloridana (Uludağ, Turkey) Incorporated Hybrid Nanoflowers with Their Intrinsic Catalytic and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Demırbas Ayse , Karslı Baris , Dadi Seyma , Koca Fatih Dogan , Halıcı M. Gokhan , Ocsoy Ismail 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, we used lichen extracts, for the first time, in formation of organic‐inorganic nanoflowers and we utilized them as novel nanobiocatalyst and antimicrobial agents. Two lichen species, Usnea Antarctica (U. Antarctica) and Usnea subfloridana (U. subfloridana) were collected from James Ross Island (Artarctica Peninsula, Antarctica) and from Uludağ National park (Bursa, Turkey), respectively and both species were separately extracted in methanol and water. In terms of nanoflower synthesis, the extracts were used as organic components and copper (II) ions (Cu2+) acted as inorganic components for formation of U. antarctica and U. subfloridana based hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs). The peroxidase mimic catalytic and antibacterial activities of the hNFs were systematically examined towards model substrate and bacteria strains, respectively via Fenton reaction mechanism. We demonstrated how the types of lichens and their extracts prepared in methanol and water influence morphologies, catalytic and antibacterial activities of the hNFs. We found that no 2 hNFs formed from U. subfloridana extract prepared in water exhibited highly enhanced catalytic activity owing to its uniform, more compact and porous flower‐like structures with high surface‐to‐volume ratio. We expect that lichens extracts based hNFs with great catalytic activities can be promisingly alternative against enzymes and used in various scientific and technical fields.
Ring‐Opening of Epoxidized Waste Cooking Oil by Hydroxylation Process: Optimization and Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Jumain Jalil Mohd , Azfar Izzat Aziz Muhamad , Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin Danial , Suhada Azmi Intan , Heiry Mohd Azmi Mohamad , Saufi Md. Zaini Mohd , Mariah Ibrahim Izni 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous academics worldwide are interested in utilizing waste as a resource to produce an epoxide. Epoxidation/ring‐opening of oxirane is a common method for producing polyols from vegetable oil. This study examined the effect of the catalyst type and loading on the ring opening of epoxide groups by utilizing performic acid generated in situ. The outcomes demonstrated that the zeolite catalyst at 0.2 g loading produced the highest conversion of oxirane (RCO%). The FTIR data showed that the epoxy ring group‘s location caused the hydroxyl group‘s (O−H) to be observed at 3100–3600 cm−1 in the placement of the epoxy ring group (C−O−C) at 1210–1250 cm−1. Finally, optimization and kinetic modeling using artificial neural networks, abbreviated as Neural Network, is a model of the human brain that is abstracted, simulated, and trained to obtain the value of R closest to 1.
Spinel Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated on Pyridinic‐N and Carbon Surface: A Highly Efficient Inexpensive Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Eeactions
Authors: Mathi Selvam , Jayabharathi Jayaraman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been established widely owing to their significance in water electrolyzers, fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. The ORR electron transfer number have been calculated from K−L plot as 3.1 (Fe3O4/ N2−xC‐500), 3.8 (Fe3O4/N2−xC‐600), 3.6 (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐700) and 3.2 (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐800). At 3 mA cm−2, the half‐wave potential has been determined as 0.66 V (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐500), 0.76 V (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐600), 0.75 V (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐700) and 0.68 V (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐800). At 10 mA cm−2, the OER potential for Fe3O4/N2−XC‐500, Fe3O4/N2−XC‐600, Fe3O4/N2−XC‐700 and Fe3O4/N2−XC‐800 electrocatalysts were determined as 1.61, 1.58, 1.62 and 1.66 V, respectively. The ORR: OER electrode potentials were found to be 0.95, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.93 V for Fe3O4/N2−XC‐500, Fe3O4/N2−XC‐600, Fe3O4/N2−XC‐700 and Fe3O4/N2−XC‐800 electrocatalysts, respectively by using solar to hydrogen fuel device conversion scale. The ORR/OER Tafel slopes were calculated as 78/89 mV/dec (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐500), 73/78 mV/dec (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐600), 76/83 mV/dec (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐700) and 79/98 mV/dec (Fe3O4/N2−XC‐800). Among the new born oxygen vacancy (Vo) spinel oxide electrocatalysts, Fe3O4/N2−XC‐600 exhibit an exceptional oxygen electrode activity with 0.82 V in 0.1 M KOH due to robust double exchange interconnection (DEI) between stable magnetite spinel Fe3O4 and N2−XC.