bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forging a New Security Order in Eurasia: China, the SCO, and the Impacts on Regional Governance
Authors: Yuan Jingdong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeijing played a critical role in establishing the SCO in the aftermath of the break of the former Soviet Union in response to the emerging non-traditional security challenges. Overtime, the SCO has evolved into a regional institution critical to China’s growing interests in Central Asia/Eurasia and increasingly, Beijing seeks to influence and shape the organization in support of its institutional balancing strategy—inclusive in soliciting Russian endorsement of its diplomatic agendas in the region ranging from energy security and greater economic integration, and exclusive in resisting and preventing US influence in the region. Lately, that strategy has also been displayed in the SCO membership expansion to India to minimize chance of a Washington–Delhi axis against China, at least not where SCO-wide (that would include China) interests are concerned. But the most critical transformation of the SCO as a regional institution is its utility in Beijing’s exclusive institutional balancing strategy against the US, to prevent the latter from gaining access and influence in Central Asia/Eurasia; to foster trust among member states, and develop the SCO into a regional security community, and to safeguard Chinese interests in both geo-economic (trade and energy) and geopolitical (security and regional stability) terms.
Effects of insect net coverage in field vegetables on pests, diseases, natural enemies, and yield
Authors: Böckmann Elias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the reduced availability of effective plant protection products, alternative control measures gain importance. Insect net covers are a promising tool in this regard, because they can reduce pest damage on crop by exclusion of pests. However, as under practical conditions, most crop net covers need to be removed several times during a crop cycle to manage weeds and apply fertilizers, a complete exclusion of pests is not always feasible. In addition, net covers also have an impact on natural enemies, on microclimate, and may cause direct crop damage due to their tracking weight. Therefore, effects of net applications have to be assessed accordingly, depending on the specific crops and pests. In the current paper, effects on pests, on yield, and on the occurrence of diseases are assessed in Chinese cabbage, carrot, and leek. Whereas control of Delia radicum, Phyllotreta spp. and thrips was enhanced, aphids and mining flies showed increased population build ups and caused higher damages under net cover once they had been able to invade. Some plant diseases such as Puccinia spp. and Alternaria spp. did increase under the net covers. Pitfall trap catches in carrots and Chinese cabbage were lower in almost all natural enemy groups monitored under net covers as compared to open field plots. Yield was higher with net coverage in case of Chinese cabbage and leek, but not in carrot. Results are discussed and take into account the exclusion of natural enemies and measured changes in microclimate and photosynthetically active radiation.
COVID-19 and Seasonal Adjustment
Authors: Abeln Barend , Jacobs Jan P. A. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study the impact of COVID-19 on seasonal adjustment. We focus on whether special adjustments are required to treat the COVID-19 crisis as an outlier as suggested by Eurostat in the application of three seasonal adjustment procedures: X13-ARIMA-SEATS, the industry standard, Seasonal-Trend decomposition based on Loess (STL) and a new method CAMPLET, a acronym of its tuning parameters. In addition we investigate whether revisions occur. We show results of seasonal adjustments for the quarterly series real GDP in the Netherlands, and the weekly series U.S. Initial Claims. Seasonal adjustment with X13-ARIMA-SEATS and CAMPLET requires modifications in the implementation of the standard procedure to treat the COVID-19 crisis as an outlier; STL can be applied straightforwardly. Differences in seasonally adjusted values are generally small around COVID-19. Finally, X13-ARIMA-SEATS and STL seasonal adjustments are subject to revision, which probably will lead to the COVID-19 crisis becoming less deep when new observations become available.
High-Resolution-Manometrie des Ösophagus: Wegweiser zur optimalen Therapie
Authors: Schlager Hansjörg , Konrad Julia , Baumann-Durchschein Franziska 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Dysphagie und der nichtkardiale Thoraxschmerz stellen Alarmsymptome dar. Nach Gastroskopie und bioptischem Ausschluss von morphologischen Ursachen sollten funktionelle diagnostische Tests durchgeführt werden. Als Goldstandard hat sich die Ösophagusmanometrie nach dem Chicago-Protokoll 4.0 etabliert. Ergänzend kommen vor allem bei unklaren Befunden weitere diagnostische Tests, wie der EndoFLIP (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) und das „timed barium esophagram“ (TBE), zum Einsatz. Der EndoFLIP kann unter anderem vor allem bei Patient*Innen hilfreich sein, die die Manometriesonde nicht tolerieren. Das TBE ist sowohl zur Diagnose von Motilitätsstörungen als auch zur Evaluierung des Therapieerfolgs dem konventionellen Videoschluckaktröntgen deutlich überlegen. Die Achalasie ist eine primäre Motilitätsstörung des Ösophagus, bei der eine gestörte Relaxation des unteren Schließmuskels vorliegt. Anhand der Manometrie können 3 Achalasietypen unterschieden werden. Ziel der Therapie ist es, die Beschwerdesymptomatik zu verringern bzw. zu beseitigen und damit eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität zu schaffen. Aktuell stehen verschiedene Therapieoptionen zur Auswahl: die pneumatische Dilatation, die laparoskopische Heller-Myotomie und die perorale endoskopische Myotomie (POEM). Bei der Typ-III-Achalasie sollte die POEM präferiert werden. Die Verwendung von Botoxinjektionen sollte nur noch bei ausgewählten Patient*Innen erfolgen. Die EGJOO ist ein schlecht definiertes Krankheitsbild, bei dem eine Behinderung des Bolustransports im Bereich des Ausflusstrakts der Speiseröhre vorliegt. Mit voreiligen therapeutischen Maßnahmen sollte man hier zurückhaltend sein, da in bis zu 92 % der Fälle eine spontane Remission der Beschwerden beschrieben wird. Bei ausgeprägter Symptomatik kann jedoch ein Therapieversuch mit Botox erfolgen.
Making comparable measurements of bacterial respiration and production in the subtropical coastal waters
Authors: Guo Cui , Ke Ying , Chen Bingzhang , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Hongbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurate estimates of bacterial carbon metabolic rates are indispensable for understanding the regulation of carbon fluxes in aquatic environments. Here, changes in bacterial growth, production, and cell volume in both pre-filtered and unfiltered seawater during 24 h incubation were monitored. The methodological artifacts during Winkler bacterial respiration (BR) measurements in subtropical Hong Kong coastal waters were assessed. Bacterial abundance increased by 3- and 1.8-fold in the pre-filtered and unfiltered seawater after incubation, respectively. Bacterial production (BP) and cell volume also showed significant enhancement. Compared with the BR measurements obtained by the Winkler method, the instantaneous free-living BR measurements, after correction, decreased by ~ 70%. The time-integrated free-living BR and BP during 24 h incubation in the pre-filtered sample provided an improved estimate of bacterial growth efficiency, which increased by ~ 52% compared to the common estimations using the noncomparable measurements of integrated free-living BR and instantaneous total BP. The overestimation of BR also exaggerated the contribution of bacteria to community respiration, affecting the understanding on the metabolic state of the marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the BR estimates by the Winkler method may be more biased in environments with a higher bacterial growth rate and tightly coupled grazing mortality, as well as in those with higher nutrient concentrations. These results reveal obvious problems associated with the BR methodology and raise a warning for caution when comparing BP and BR, as well as when making estimations of carbon flow through the complex microbial networks in aquatic ecosystems.
Homogeneous vector bundles and G-equivariant convolutional neural networks
Authors: Aronsson Jimmy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractG-equivariant convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) is a geometric deep learning model for data defined on a homogeneous G-space $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
. GCNNs are designed to respect the global symmetry in $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
, thereby facilitating learning. In this paper, we analyze GCNNs on homogeneous spaces $$\mathcal {M} = G/K$$

M
=
G
/
K

in the case of unimodular Lie groups G and compact subgroups $$K \le G$$

K
≤
G

. We demonstrate that homogeneous vector bundles are the natural setting for GCNNs. We also use reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) to obtain a sufficient criterion for expressing G-equivariant layers as convolutional layers. Finally, stronger results are obtained for some groups via a connection between RKHS and bandwidth.
Reflecting on earlier affected areas that shaped COVID-19 mental health efforts
Authors: Narayan Shawna K. , Tsang Vivian W. L. , Qian Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a serious public health threat that many countries in the world are facing. While several measures are being taken to minimize the spread of infection, mental health efforts must address psychological challenges due to the pandemic. This commentary reflects on original research from earlier epicenters of COVID-19 and identifies effective practices and suggestions applicable to mental health interventions in the North American context. Tailored mental health services need to be provided for populations that are at high risk of infection. Suggested interventions targeting specific population groups, such as healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, and vulnerable populations, are discussed.
Pharmacists as important prescribers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antivirals
Authors: Mahoney Monica V. , Bhagat Hita , Christian Robbie , del Rio Carlos , Hohmeier Kenneth C. , Klepser Michael E. , Pogue Jason M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although pharmacists are key members of the healthcare team, they are currently ineligible to independently prescribe the oral coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antivirals. We report the roles pharmacists have undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide evidence for the support of independent oral COVID-19 antiviral prescribing.
Staphylococcal decolonization to prevent surgical site infection: Is there a role in colorectal surgery?
Authors: Raslan Rasha , Doll Michelle , Albert Heather , Shah Hirsh , Bohl Jaime , Cooper Kaila , Stevens Michael P. , Bearman Gonzalo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
We implemented a preoperative staphylococcal decolonization protocol for colorectal surgeries if efforts to further reduce surgical site infections (SSIs).

Design:
Retrospective observational study.

Setting:
Tertiary-care, academic medical center.

Patients:
Adult patients who underwent colorectal surgery, as defined by National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), between July 2015 and June 2020. Emergent cases were excluded.

Methods:
Simple and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate the relationship between decolonization and subsequent SSI. Other predictive variables included age, sex, body mass index, procedure duration, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, diabetes, smoking, and surgical oncology service.

Results:
In total, 1,683 patients underwent nonemergent NHSN-defined colorectal surgery, and 33.7% underwent the staphylococcal decolonization protocol. SSI occurred in 92 (5.5%); 53 were organ-space infections and 39 were superficial wound infections. We detected no difference in overall SSIs between those decolonized and not decolonized (P = .17). However, superficial wound infections were reduced in the group that received decolonization versus those that did not: 7 (1.2%) of 568 versus 32 (2.9%) of 1,115 (P = .04).

Conclusions:
Staphylococcal decolonization may prevent a subset of SSIs in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Amycenone reduces excess body weight and attenuates hyperlipidaemia by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation in KK-Ayobese diabetic mice
Authors: Kudo Maya , Hayashi Misa , Sun Boju , Wu Lili , Liu Tonghua , Gao Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExcess body weight and hyperlipidaemia cause severe health problems and have social implications. Amycenone is an active substance extracted from Yamabushitake mushrooms with no reports of its activity against excess body weight and hyperlipidaemia. This research clarifies the effects and mechanisms of action of amycenone on the inhibition of body weight excess and hyperlipidaemia attenuation using KK-Aymice. Amycenone or water was administered to 8-week-old male KK-Aymice by gavage for 8 weeks. Their body weight and food intake were recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, the mice were dissected, and blood samples, lipid metabolism-related organs and tissues were collected and stored for further analysis. Amycenone treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum levels of fasting blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, serum and hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were reduced after this treatment, whereas the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, PKA and HSL increased and the expression level of FAS decreased. The protein level of C/EBPβ and gene expression level ofCpt1were higher in the perirenal adipose tissue of amycenone-treated KK-Aymice. Furthermore, amycenone phosphorylated AMPK, PKA and ACC, and PPARγ expression was lower in the mesenteric adipose tissue. The phosphorylation levels of AMPK, LKB1, PKA and ACC were also induced, and FAS expression level was reduced in the liver of the amycenone-treated group. Amycenone could reduce excess body weight and attenuate hyperlipidaemia in KK-Aymice by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through lipid metabolism pathway stimulation and fatty acid β-oxidation acceleration.
Asymptotics of the overflow in urn models
Authors: Gouet Raul , Hitczenko Paweł , Wesołowski Jacek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsider a finite or infinite collection of urns, each with capacity r, and balls randomly distributed among them. An overflow is the number of balls that are assigned to urns that already contain r balls. When
$r=1$
, this is the number of balls landing in non-empty urns, which has been studied in the past. Our aim here is to use martingale methods to study the asymptotics of the overflow in the general situation, i.e. for arbitrary r. In particular, we provide sufficient conditions for both Poissonian and normal asymptotics.
EMBEDDINGS INTO OUTER MODELS
Authors: ESKEW MONROE , FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explore the possibilities for elementary embeddings
$j : M \to N$
, where M and N are models of ZFC with the same ordinals,
$M \subseteq N$
, and N has access to large pieces of j. We construct commuting systems of such maps between countable transitive models that are isomorphic to various canonical linear and partial orders, including the real line
${\mathbb R}$
.
Study on influential factors and reference values for thyroid volume in Chinese children aged 6–12 years
Authors: An Shuli , Li Weidong , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Yanling , Xu Xian , Mao Guangming , Zhu Xiaonan , Li Ming , Liu Lanchun , Cao Xiaotao , Meng Fangang , Liu Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to research the factors influencing thyroid volume (TVOL) in 6–12-year-old children and update the reference values. A cross-sectional study was carried out in iodine-sufficient areas of four provinces in China. Urine, edible salt and drinking water samples were collected from children. Children’s height, weight and TVOL were measured. Ridge regression was used to screen variables for solving the multicollinearity problem. Quantile regression was used to analyse the relationship between the quantiles of TVOL and other variables. In total, 5653 children aged 6–12 years were enrolled in this study, including 2838 boys and 2815 girls. There was no significant difference in TVOL between boys and girls (P > 0·05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that total TVOL was positively correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and BMI, and the correlation coefficients were 0·616, 0·663, 0·669, 0·685 and 0·479, respectively. Among them, the correlation between TVOL and BSA was the strongest. According to the ridge regression results, age and BSA influenced TVOL, and the ridge regression coefficients were 0·13 and 0·94, respectively. Quantile regression further showed that age and BSA had significant influences on the whole TVOL distribution (P < 0·001). Therefore, the TVOL of children aged 6–12 years in China was mainly influenced by age and BSA, and reference values for TVOL of different genders based on age and BSA were established.
Detrital zircon geochronology of the Permian Lower Shihezi Formation, northern Ordos Basin, China: time constraints for closing of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Chen Rong , Wang Feng , Li Zhen , Evans Noreen J , Chen Hongde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemporal constraints on the closure of the eastern segment of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean along the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) remain unclear. As a part of the NCC, the sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the Late Palaeozoic Ordos Basin were closely related to the opening and closing of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. We use petrology, quantitative mineralogical analysis, U–Pb geochronology and trace element signatures of detrital zircons of the Lower Shihezi Formation from two sections in the eastern north Ordos Basin and two sections in the western north Ordos Basin to reconstruct the sedimentary provenance and tectonic background of the northern Ordos Basin. The results show that the sediments of the western sections were mainly derived from the Yinshan orogenic belt and Alxa block, and that those in the eastern sections only came from the Yinshan orogenic belt. The trace element ratios in detrital zircons from the Late Palaeozoic sandstones indicate that the source areas were mainly subduction-related continental arcs, closely related to the continued subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean in the Late Palaeozoic. Since the main Late Palaeozoic magmatic periods vary on the east and west sides of the northern margin of the Ordos Basin, two main collisions related to Palaeo-Asian Ocean closure are recorded. The collision on the west side occurred significantly earlier than that in the east. This study implies that the Palaeo-Asian Ocean began to subduct beneath the NCC in the Carboniferous and gradually closed from west to east thereafter.
Market Development, Information Diffusion, and the Global Anomaly Puzzle
Authors: Cai Charlie X. , Keasey Kevin , Li Peng , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious literature finds anomalies are at least as prevalent in developed markets as in emerging markets; namely, the global anomaly puzzle. We show that while market development and information diffusion are linearly related, information diffusion has a nonlinear impact on anomalies. This is consistent with theoretical developments concerning the process of information diffusion. In extremely low-efficiency regimes, without newswatchers sowing the seeds of price discovery and ensuring the long-run convergence of price to fundamentals, initial mispricing and subsequent correction will not occur. The concentration of emerging countries in low-efficiency regimes provides an explanation to the puzzle.
Positive Bank-to-Bank Spillovers
Authors: Shakya Shasta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper provides the first evidence of positive bank-to-bank spillovers. I show that geographic linkages between banks that engage in home lending in the same geographic region transmit positive shocks from one bank to another. I exploit shocks to the deposit base of banks located in counties experiencing shale oil booms and show that a nonshocked bank in a nonboom county expands lending more if its linkages have greater exposure to shale booms. Results show that the shock exposure of linkages has a positive impact on home prices of nonboom counties, and nonshocked banks located therein respond with increased lending.
Site fidelity, population identity and demographic characteristics of humpback whales in the New York Bight apex
Authors: Brown D. M. , Robbins J. , Sieswerda P. L. , Ackerman C. , Aschettino J. M. , Barco S. , Boye T. , DiGiovanni R. A. , Durham K. , Engelhaupt A. , Hill A. , Howes L. , Johnson K. F. , Jones L. , King C. D. , Kopelman A. H. , Laurino M. , Lonergan S. , Mallette S. D. , Pepe M. , Ramp C. , Rayfield K. , Rekdahl M. , Rosenbaum H. C. , Schoelkopf R. , Schulte D. , Sears R. , Stepanuk J. E. F. , Tackaberry J. E. , Weinrich M. , Parsons E. C. M. , Wiedenmann J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) exhibit maternally driven fidelity to feeding grounds, and yet occasionally occupy new areas. Humpback whale sightings and mortalities in the New York Bight apex (NYBA) have been increasing over the last decade, providing an opportunity to study this phenomenon in an urban habitat. Whales in this area overlap with human activities, including busy shipping traffic leading into the Port of New York and New Jersey. The site fidelity, population composition and demographics of individual whales were analysed to better inform management in this high-risk area. Whale watching and other opportunistic data collections were used to identify 101 individual humpback whales in the NYBA from spring through autumn, 2012–2018. Although mean occurrence was low (2.5 days), mean occupancy was 37.6 days, and 31.3% of whales returned from one year to the next. Individuals compared with other regional and ocean-basin-wide photo-identification catalogues (N = 52) were primarily resighted at other sites along the US East Coast, including the Gulf of Maine feeding ground. Sightings of mother-calf pairs were rare in the NYBA, suggesting that maternally directed fidelity may not be responsible for the presence of young whales in this area. Other factors including shifts in prey species distribution or changes in population structure more broadly should be investigated.
The privilege of the Indian passport (1947–1967): Caste, class, and the afterlives of indenture in Indian diplomacy
Authors: Natarajan Kalathmika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines the postcolonial Indian state's 20-year-long discretionary passports policy until 1967, often in collaboration with the British government in its efforts to limit growing numbers of Indian immigrants. While a vast scholarship has shown the racialized limits to mobility perpetuated by the passport and visa system against ‘coloured immigrants’, this article considers the Indian state's own restrictions over the emigration of a particular category of its ‘undesirable’ citizens. This passport regime was based on Indian diplomatic notions of the ‘international’ realm as one shaped by the journeys of migrants and imbued with discourses of indenturequacaste. The Indian state sought to prevent the mobility of ‘lower’ caste and class migrants who were deemed to be legatees of the dreaded ‘coolie’ and therefore unworthy of travelling abroad as representatives of India. Such a reading of the postcolonial Indian passport as a document of caste and class privilege goes beyond the existing literature which largely focuses on its use in the context of partition. In so doing, this article posits the histories and afterlives of indenture as a constitutive element in the making of Indian diplomacy, demonstrating that a focus on indenture facilitates a much-needed recovery of the narratives and euphemisms of caste in Indian diplomacy.