bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and systematics of the tribe Sonerileae (Melastomataceae) in Africa: A revised taxonomic classification
Authors: Veranso‐Libalah Marie Claire , Mertes Hannah , Stone Robert Douglas , Chen Luo , Stévart Tariq , Almeda Frank , van der Burgt Xander M. , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe tribe Sonerileae in tropical Africa and Madagascar is a morphologically diverse lineage that consists of 239 species in 10 genera. In this study, we present the first in‐depth phylogenetic analysis of African Sonerileae to test monophyly of the currently recognized genera. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequence data from two nuclear (nrITS and nrETS) and three plastid loci (accD‐psaI,ndhFandpsbK‐psbL). Sampling consisted of 140 accessions including 64 African, 27 Malagasy, 46 Asian, and three neotropical Sonerileae together with a broad outgroup sampling (105 spp.). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches, and a careful reassessment of morphological characters was carried out. Our results neither support the monophyly of the Old World nor African Sonerileae. The monospecific African genusBennais partially supported as sister toPhainantha, one of the basal neotropical lineages, while African and MalagasyMedinillaare nested among the SE Asian genera.Gravesia(116 spp.), the most species‐rich and morphologically diverse genus in Madagascar, is recovered as monophyletic. The African genera of SonerileaeCalvoa,Dicellandra, andPreussiellaform well‐supported clades. In contrast,Amphiblemma(includingAmphiblemma molle) andCincinnobotryss.l. (includingCincinnobotrys felicis) are not monophyletic. To accommodate the caulescentC. feliciswe propose reinstatement of the monospecific genusBourdaria. For the distinctiveA. mollea new genusMendeliais described.Calvoa hirsutais designated here as the type of genusCalvoa, lectotypes are designated forMedinilla engleriandVeprecella lutea, and a neotype is designated forPreussiella kamerunensis.
Real‐time stimulation during sleep: prior findings, novel developments, and future perspectives
Authors: Ngo Hong‐Viet V. , Antony James W. , Rasch Björn 
Published: October 2022

SummaryReal‐time brain stimulation is a powerful technique that continues to gain importance in the field of sleep and cognition. In this special issue, we collected 14 articles about real‐time stimulation during sleep, including one review, 12 research articles and one letter covering both human and rodent research from various fields. We hope this special issue sparks greater interest and inspires fellow sleep researchers and clinicians to develop new ideas in the exciting topic of real‐time stimulation.
Alendronate treatment in cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia: A retrospective cohort study of 20 cases
Authors: Kurtz Maxime , Desquilbet Loïc , Maire Justine , Da Riz Fiona , Canonne‐Guibert Morgane , Benchekroun Ghita , Maurey Christelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available concerning treatment of ionized hypercalcemia in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe clinical findings in a cohort of cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia and evaluate long‐term tolerance and efficacy of alendronate in these patients.AnimalsTwenty cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia of undetermined origin, presented for routine or referral consultation at the teaching hospital of Maisons‐Alfort (France).MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were divided into Group 1 (cats that received alendronate as well as other treatments, n = 11) and Group 2 (cats that did not receive alendronate, n = 9). Survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models) was conducted to compare time to selected outcomes.ResultsAzotemia was present in 15 cats (75%). Alendronate treatment was administered and well tolerated during the entire follow‐up period (median, 9.5 months; interquartile range [IQR], 6.3; 27) in all cats from Group 1, except in 1 cat that developed severe hypophosphatemia, prompting treatment discontinuation. Univariate analysis determined that alendronate treatment was significantly associated with shorter time to reach a 15% decrease in ionized calcium concentration (iCa) from baseline during follow‐up (119 days vs median not reached, P = .02). This association was no longer significant after adjustment for age and initial iCa.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlendronate overall was well tolerated with chronic use in this cohort, and can be considered a treatment option for persistent ionized hypercalcemia in cats.
Effect of mineral oil as a lubricant to collect feces from cats for microbiome studies
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Brinker Emily , Cao Wenqi , Graff Emily C. , Wang Xu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFecal specimens are critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. For domestic cats, lubricants are often necessary to obtain a sufficient quantity of sample. However, the effect of lubrication on feline microbiome analysis has not been assessed.ObjectivesTo evaluate if lubrication using mineral oil during cat feces sample collection affects the DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, and the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses.AnimalsEight 6‐year‐old male, neutered, domestic short‐haired cats housed in a research facility.MethodsCohort study. The gut microbiomes were investigated for fecal sample collection with and without lubrication using whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing.ResultsFecal specimens were collected using a fecal loop under sedation without lubrication and with mineral oil lubrication. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the microbial DNA yield in ng/mg fecal sample (75.75 [25.8‐125.7] vs 60.72 [33.49‐87.95], P = .95), metagenomic sequencing yield in Gbp (10.31 [6.29‐14.32] vs 13.53 [12.04‐15.02], P = .2), proportion of host contamination (0.1 [0.02‐0.18] vs 0.15 [0‐0.3], P = .84), relative taxonomy abundance (P > .8), or the number of microbial genes covered (408 132 [341 556‐474 708] vs 425 697 [358 505‐492 889], P = .31).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFecal sampling with mineral oil lubrication did not change the microbial DNA extraction yield, metagenomic sequencing yield, level of host contamination, the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Here we reported a proven cat‐friendly protocol for fecal sample collection in clinical and research setting for gut microbiome analyses.
The liberal dream of smart detention? Algorithms and the politics of pretrial detention in the US states
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg , König Pascal D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the 2000s and 2010s, US states have seen an important wave of change in criminal justice policies toward a “smart on crime” approach. In this context, several states have rolled out algorithmic risk assessment tools for statewide use in pretrial decisions, whereas some others have not, and still others are moving back from using such tools again. The present article examines the explanations for this variance. To this end, it tests competing expectations about the role of functional pressures, including fiscal strain and the party‐political balance of power. The findings show that functional pressures, policy diffusion, and politics affect the likelihood that algorithmic tools will be used in criminal justice. Democratic control of both the state executive and legislative branches increases the likelihood that a state will use these tools, indicating that Republicans are reluctant to leave the “tough on crime” paradigm behind and to advance the “smart on crime” approach.
MAIT cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells in cholestatic murine models
Authors: Jiang Xiang , Peng Yanan , Liu Lan , Wang Youwei , Li Mengting , Li Wenjie , Huang Fengxing , Zheng Chunlan , Xu Fei , Hu Qian , Wei Wanhui , Dong Shouquan , Zhao Qiu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate‐like lymphocytes that display a critical role in various liver diseases. However, the role of MAIT cells in cholestatic liver fibrogenesis remains obscure. Our study aims to assess the contribution of MAIT cells and underlying mechanisms during this process.MethodsCholestatic murine models using MAIT cell‐deficient (MR1−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice were established by feeding a 0.1% 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐enriched diet or bile duct ligation (BDL). Liver samples were collected to determine the severity of fibrosis. Lymphocytes of the liver were isolated for analysing the phenotype and function of MAIT cells. Cell co‐culture experiments were performed to investigate the cross‐talk between MAIT and NK cells.ResultsLiver MAIT cells were more activated with increased cytokines in cholestatic mice models than in control mice, although their frequency was decreased. MAIT cell deficiency led to severe liver inflammation and fibrosis with more activated HSCs in cholestatic mice. In addition, MR1−/− mice had an increased frequency of NK cells with higher expression of stimulatory receptors relative to WT mice. Paradoxically, activated MAIT cells significantly promoted the anti‐fibrotic ability of NK cells by enhancing their cytotoxicity against HSCs in co‐culture experiments. Importantly, this effect depended on direct cell–cell contact and TNF‐α produced by MAIT cells.ConclusionOur findings indicate that MAIT cells ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. An in‐depth understanding of the MAIT cell‐mediated regulatory effect will provide more valuable immunotherapy strategies to treat liver fibrosis.
Resident duty hours and resident and patient outcomes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sephien Andrew , Reljic Tea , Jordan Jeffrey , Prida Xavier , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe policies regarding resident physician work hours are constantly being evaluated and changed. However, the results of randomised control trials (RCTs) are mixed. This systematic review of RCTs aims to synthesise the evidence associated with resident duty hour restrictions and its impact on resident‐ and patient‐based outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PubMed was conducted from inception until 31 July 2020. Any RCT evaluating the impact of longer resident physician work hours compared to shorter resident physician work hours on resident‐ and patient‐based outcomes was eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers extracted data independently. The primary outcome was the impact of resident duty hour restrictions on emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment, as defined by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The secondary patient‐related outcomes were patient hospital length of stay, serious medical errors and preventable adverse events. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsOf the 873 references, nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A shorter shift length compared with longer shift length was associated with significantly less emotional exhaustion (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.21, −0.00) and less dissatisfaction with overall well‐being (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38, 0.99) but not with hospital length of stay (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.05, 0.02, p = 0.45) and serious medical errors per 1000 patient hours (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.52, 2.21; p = 0.86).ConclusionsShorter resident duty hours is possibly associated with improvement in resident‐based outcomes, specifically, emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with overall well‐being, sleep duration and sleepiness. These findings may inform the policy change in support of reduced shift hours resulting in overall well‐being for the residents with possible reduction in burnout without adverse impact on patient‐based outcomes.
Training physicians and residents for the use of Electronic Health Records—A comparative case study between two hospitals
Authors: Humphrey‐Murto Susan , Makus Donovan , Moore Sarah , Watanabe Duffy Karen , Maniate Jerry , Scowcroft Katherine , Buba Melanie , Rangel J. Cristian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeDespite widespread use of Electronic Health Records (EHR), the promise of benefits has not been clearly realised due, in part, to inadequate physician training. Training for EHR use is a highly complex intervention that occurs in a dynamic socio‐technical health system. The purpose of this study was to describe and critically assess the interplay between educational activities and organisational factors that influenced EHR training and implementation across two different hospitals.MethodsBased in a socio‐technical framework, a comparative qualitative case study was undertaken as well suited to real‐world processes. Semi‐structured interviews were completed (n = 43), representing administrative leaders, staff physicians, residents and EHR trainers from two Canadian academic hospitals. Thematic analysis was employed for analysis.ResultsSimilar findings were noted at both hospitals despite different implementation strategies. Despite mandatory training, physicians described limited transferability of training to the workplace. Factors contributing to this included standardised vendor modules (lacking specificity for their clinical context); variable EHR trainer expertise; limited post‐launch training; and insufficient preparation for changes to workflow. They described learning while caring for patients and using workarounds. Strong emotional responses were described, including anger, frustration, anxiety and fear of harming patients.ConclusionsTraining physicians for effective EHR utilisation requires organisational culture transformation as EHRs impacts all aspects of clinical workflows. Analytic thinking to consider workflows, ongoing post‐launch training and the recognition of the interdependency of multiple factors are critical to preparing physicians to provide effective clinical care, and potentially reducing burnout. A list of key considerations is provided for educational leaders.
Networks in philosophy: Social networks and employment in academic philosophy
Authors: Contreras Kallens P. , Hicks Daniel J. , Jennings C. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the “science of science” has combined computational methods with novel data sources to understand the dynamics of research communities. Many of the questions investigated by science of science are also relevant to academic philosophy. To what extent can the discipline be divided into subfields with different methods and topics? How are prestige and credit distributed across the discipline? And how do these factors interact with other factors, such as gender, to shape job market outcomes? Using job market data for anglophone academic philosophy, this paper finds, first, evidence that is consistent with the analytic‐continental divide but is also consistent with other, more complex ways of organizing academic philosophy into distinct intellectual traditions; second, a clear prestige hierarchy, dividing Ph.D. programs into two distinct prestige categories; and, third, evidence that gender, prestige, and country have notable effects on academic job market outcomes for recent philosophy Ph.Ds.
Axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination and complex IV activity within demyelinated axons in experimental models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Licht‐Mayer Simon , Campbell Graham R. , Mehta Arpan R. , McGill Katie , Symonds Alex , Al‐Azki Sarah , Pryce Gareth , Zandee Stephanie , Zhao Chao , Kipp Markus , Smith Kenneth J. , Baker David , Altmann Daniel , Anderton Stephen M. , Kap Yolanda S. , Laman Jon D. , 't Hart Bert A. , Rodriguez Moses , Franklin Robin J. M. , Chandran Siddharthan , Lassmann Hans , Trapp Bruce D. , Mahad Don J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsAxonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental models is most frequently detected in acutely demyelinating lesions. We recently reported a compensatory neuronal response, where mitochondria move to the acutely demyelinated axon and increase the mitochondrial content following lysolecithin‐induced demyelination. We termed this homeostatic phenomenon, which is also evident in MS, the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). The aim of this study is to determine whether ARMD is consistently evident in experimental demyelination and how its perturbation relates to axonal injury.MethodsIn the present study, we assessed axonal mitochondrial content as well as axonal mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity (cytochrome c oxidase or COX) of axons and related these to axonal injury in nine different experimental disease models. We used immunofluorescent histochemistry as well as sequential COX histochemistry followed by immunofluorescent labelling of mitochondria and axons.ResultsWe found ARMD a consistent and robust phenomenon in all experimental disease models. The increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons, however, was not always accompanied by a proportionate increase in complex IV activity, particularly in highly inflammatory models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Axonal complex IV activity inversely correlated with the extent of axonal injury in experimental disease models.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that ARMD is a consistent and prominent feature and emphasise the importance of complex IV activity in the context of ARMD, especially in autoimmune inflammatory demyelination, paving the way for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
Allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies in children, lessons learnt from COVID‐19 pandemic by 2022: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics
Authors: Munblit Daniel , Greenhawt Matthew , Brough Helen A. , Pushkareva Anna , Karimova Diana , Demidova Anastasia , Warner John O. , Kalayci Omer , Sediva Anna , Untersmayr Eva , Rodriguez del Rio Pablo , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Arasi Stefania , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Tsabouri Sophia , Galli Elena , Beken Burcin , Eigenmann Philippe A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy the April 12, 2022, the COVID‐19 pandemic had resulted in over half a billion people being infected worldwide. There have been 6.1 million deaths directly due to the infection, but the pandemic has had many more short‐ and long‐term pervasive effects on the physical and mental health of the population. Allergic diseases are among the most prevalent noncommunicable chronic diseases in the pediatric population, and health‐care professionals and researchers were seeking answers since the beginning of pandemic. Children are at lower risk of developing severe COVID‐19 or dying from infection. Allergic diseases are not associated with a higher COVID‐19 severity and mortality, apart from severe/poorly controlled asthma. The pandemic disrupted routine health care, but many mitigation strategies, including but not limited to telemedicine, were successfully implemented to continue delivery of high‐standard care. Although children faced a multitude of pandemic‐related issues, allergic conditions were effectively treated remotely while reduction in air pollution and lack of contact with outdoor allergens resulted in improvement, particularly respiratory allergies. There is no evidence to recommend substantial changes to usual management modalities of allergic conditions in children, including allergen immunotherapy and use of biologicals. Allergic children are not at greater risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome development, but some associations with Long COVID were reported, although the data are limited, and further research is needed. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics provides recommendations based on the lessons learnt from the pandemic, as available evidence.
Individuals' favorite songs' lyrics reflect their attachment style
Authors: Alaei Ravin , Rule Nicholas O. , MacDonald Geoff 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies suggest that one's personality relates to their music preferences. Separately, research from an attachment theory perspective has demonstrated that attachment security and insecurity are important relationship‐related individual differences. We combined these two lines of inquiry here by investigating whether the lyrics of individuals' favorite songs about relationships reflect their attachment styles and related Big Five personality traits (Study 1; NParticipants = 469, NSongs = 4853). Individuals higher in attachment avoidance preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing an avoidant attachment style, whereas individuals higher in neuroticism preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing more attachment anxiety. We extended these results in a second study, finding that the lyrics of Western culture's 823 most popular songs from 1946 to 2015 mirrored societal trends of increasing social disengagement (i.e., were increasingly higher in attachment avoidance themes), suggesting that song lyrics impart psychological meaning at the sociocultural level as well. Our data therefore suggests that higher levels of attachment avoidance are reflected in preferred lyrics in relationship songs at both an individual and societal level.
Ultra‐sculpturing of seed morphotypes in selected species of genus Salvia L. and their taxonomic significance
Authors: Jabeen S. , Zafar M. , Ahmad M. , Althobaiti A. T. , Ozdemir F. A. , Kutlu M. A. , Makhkamov T. K. , Sultana S. , Ameen M. , Majeed S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The taxonomic importance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characteristics was investigated using SEM of ten species of the Salvia genus from Pakistan. The aim was to identify diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that could aid in species delimitation, correct identification and phylogenetic position. The ultrastructure of Salvia varies greatly, and a wide range of unique micromorphological features have been observed.

Seed micromorphological features were explored by SEM, including seed shape, colour, texture, cell outline, surface sculpturing, epidermal cell arrangement, anticlinal, and periclinal wall pattern.

Seed shapes were categorized as obovate, spherical, spheroid, broadly elliptic, elliptic and oblong, mostly with a terminal hilum. Seed colours were black, light brown, dark brown, brown and yellow. Exo‐morphological characters, i.e. epidermal cell arrangements, included irregular, wavy pentagonal‐hexagonal, regular pentagonal‐hexagonal. Cluster analysis was used to assess similar and distinct species within Salvia with a feasible explanation. Taxonomic keys were made based on micromorphological qualitative features that help to delimit species and identify them quickly within the Salvia genus.

Seed morphology of ten Salvia species was described and investigated, and the diagnostic significance of features evaluated using SEM. This study analysed seed features, especially at the species level, which might provide much new taxonomic information. The results revealed that, in seed morphology, using SEM can help with taxon identification, especially at the genus and species levels.