bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of medial calcar support on proximal humeral fractures treated with locking plates
Authors: Hung Chun-Yu , Yeh Chia-Yi , Wen Po-Chong , Yeh Wen-Ling , Lin Shih-Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies have reported mixed results on the importance of medial calcar support for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare radiographic and functional outcomes of patients who had displaced proximal humeral fractures with varying levels of medial support.

Methods
We performed a retrospective comparative cohort study. The study was conducted at a Level III trauma center in Taiwan. Seventy patients with proximal humeral fractures were collected retrospectively from 2015 to 2019. Only patients with two-, three-, or four-part types (Neer type I, II, or III) of displaced proximal humeral fractures were included in this study. However, patients with head-split fracture patterns, shoulder dislocation, prior shoulder trauma, and poor fracture reduction present in postoperative films were excluded. We assessed the radiographic outcomes, including the reduction score and amount of impaction in the humeral head. The functional outcome was evaluated based on the Constant score.

Results
Patients were grouped into the intact medial calcar group and the medial calcar deficiency group. In a subgroup analysis, the group with intact medial support had a significantly lower amount of impaction and a higher Constant score compared with the medial calcar deficiency group. Additionally, the groups with intact medial support had a nonsignificant difference in the Constant score between the affected side and the contralateral side.

Conclusion
The amount of impaction and the reduction score in the humeral head at the 12-month radiographic follow-up were significantly higher in the group with medial support deficiency. However, the reduction score after surgery exhibited no difference. This implies that the inherent nature of medial comminution of proximal humeral fracture may lead to inferior radiographic outcomes.
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts: an important switch of tumour cell dormancy during bone metastasis
Authors: Dai Rongchen , Liu Mengfan , Xiang Xincheng , Xi Zhichao , Xu Hongxi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBone metastasis occurs when tumour cells dissociate from primary tumours, enter the circulation (circulating tumour cells, CTCs), and colonize sites in bone (disseminated tumour cells, DTCs). The bone marrow seems to be a particularly dormancy-inducing environment for DTCs, yet the mechanisms of dormancy initiation, reactivation, and interaction within the bone marrow have to be elucidated. Intriguingly, some evidence has suggested that dormancy is a reversible state that is switched ‘on’ or ‘off’ depending on the presence of various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It has become clear that these two cells contribute to regulating dormant tumour cells in bone both directly (interaction) and indirectly (secreted factors). The involved mechanisms include TGFβ signalling, the Wnt signalling axis, the Notch2 pathway, etc. There is no detailed review that specifically focuses on ascertaining the dynamic interactions between tumour cell dormancy and bone remodelling. In addition, we highlighted the roles of inflammatory cytokines during this ‘cell-to-cell’ communication. We also discussed the potential clinical relevance of remodelling the bone marrow niche in controlling dormant tumour cells. Understanding the unique role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in regulating tumour dormancy in bone marrow will provide new insight into preventing and treating tumour bone metastasis.
Type D lymphomatoid papulosis with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta-like features in a child with parvovirus infection: a controversial diagnosis in the spectrum of lymphoid proliferations: case report and literature review
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Cavalli Riccardo , Croci Giorgio A. , Fiori Laura , Fabiano Antonella , Lunardon Luisa , Avanzini Maria Antonietta , Berti Emilio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare condition in pediatrics; LyP histological type D has been reported in only 7 children. The differential diagnosis of LyP in the spectrum of lymphoid proliferation remains controversial.

Case presentation
A 6-year-old boy presented to Emergency Department with a 3-week history of an erythematous papulo-vesicular itchy eruption over the submandibular regions, trunk and extremities. History, symptoms and laboratory tests were unremarkable. SARS-CoV-2 antigen was negative. The clinical suspicion of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) was posed, and topical steroids were introduced. One week after, he returned with an extensive painful scaly papulo-erythematous rash, with some ulcerated and necrotic lesions, and fever; therefore the child was hospitalized. Biochemical results were within reference limits, except for high level of C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and bilirubin. Due to a persistently high fever, systemic corticosteroid treatment was administered, with a good clinical response and an improvement of the skin lesions. Anti-PVB-19 Immunoglobulin M was detected. Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ were also recorded. Five days post-admission, most of the lesions had cleared, and the child was discharged. Methotrexate was started, with a positive response. At skin biopsy a “PLEVA-like” pattern was apparent, with a dense, wedge shaped lymphoid infiltrate featuring epidermotropism and morphologically comprising pleomorphic and blastic cells. The pattern of infiltration was highlighted by immunohistochemical stains, which prove the process to feature a CD8+/CD30 + phenotype, the latter being intense on larger cells, with antigenic loss. Polymerase chain reaction for T-cell receptor gamma (TCRG) chain clonality assessment documented a monoclonal peak. A diagnosis of LyP type D was favored.

Conclusion
The reported case encompasses most of the critical features of two separated entities—PLEVA and LyP—thus providing further support to the concept of them representing declinations within a sole spectrum of disease. Studying the role of infectious agents as trigger potential in lymphoproliferative cutaneous disorders and detecting novel markers of disease, such as cytokines, could have a crucial impact on pathogenic disease mechanisms and perspective therapies.
Cloning and characterization of thermophilic endoglucanase and its application in the transformation of ginsenosides
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhao Huanxi , Wang Nan , Zhong Peng , Zhou Kailu , Yu Shanshan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel endoglucanase (BcelFp) was identified from Fervidobaterium pennivorans DSM9078 which had biotransformation activity for protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides. Sequence analysis of BcelFp revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). The gene encoding a 323-amino acid protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its molecular weight was approximate 37 kDa. The recombinant BcelFp exhibited an optimal activity at 95 oC and pH 5.5 and showed high thermostability. The endoglucanase had high selectivity for cleaving the outer glucose moiety at the C3 carbon of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, which produced stronger pharmacologically active gypenoside XVII (GypXVII), Compound O (CO), Compound Mc1 (CMc1) and F2, respectively. The Km values for Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd were 3.66 ± 0.04 µM, 4.02 ± 0.12 µM, 5.95 ± 0.03 µM, 0.67 ± 0.006 µM, respectively. The kcat/Km value of BcelFp for ginsenoside Rd was 27.91 mM-1s-1, which was much higher than that of the previously enzymes. This study was the first report of the highly efficient and selective transformation of GypXVII, CO, CMc1 and F2 from Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by a GH5-family thermophilic endoglucanase.
Improvements for pedestrian safety application P-Minder
Authors: Sun Chang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractP-Minder is a lightweight sidewalk segmentation and obstacle detection-based approach designed for phubbers’ safety, which can help phubbers to avoid obstacles and other dangers during phubbing walking. But two issues have been found in previous experiments: P-Minder undifferentiated scores the recognition results and costs high resource occupation during background operation. Therefore, this paper proposes the sector correlation model to classify the recognition and segmentation results for an accurate judgment. Then, the new application architecture design and walking detection model decrease the resource occupation. Besides, the datasets are expanded, and the models are retrained to adapt to the improved architecture. In the same datasets, P-Minder achieves a 1.7 percentage point accuracy improvement during the experiment. The experimental result proves that the segmentation model can reach 81.2% mean intersection over union. Besides, the method finally achieves 75.52% detection accuracy in the experiment with a low computing resources cost.
An efficient computation of discrete orthogonal moments for bio-signals reconstruction
Authors: Fathi Islam S. , Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Makhlouf M. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBio-signals are extensively used in diagnosing many diseases in wearable devices. In signal processing, signal reconstruction is one of the essential applications. Discrete orthogonal moments (DOMs) are effective analysis tools for signals that can extract digital information without redundancy. The propagation of numerical errors is a significant challenge for the computation of DOMs at high orders. This problem damages the orthogonality property of these moments, which restricts the ability to recover the signal's distinct and unique components with no redundant information. This paper proposes a stable computation of DOMs based on QR decomposition methods: the Gram–Schmidt, Householder, and Given Rotations methods. It also presents a comparative study on the performance of the types of moments: Tchebichef, Krawtchouk, Charlier, Hahn, and Meixner moments. The proposed algorithm's evaluation is done using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset in terms of mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in computing DOMs, especially at high moment orders. Moreover, the results indicate that the Householder method outperforms Gram–Schmidt and Given Rotations methods in execution time and reconstruction quality. The comparative results show that Tchebichef, Krawtchouk, and Charlier moments have superior reconstruction quality than Hahn and Meixner moments, and Tchebichef generally has the highest performance in signal reconstruction.
Oral anticoagulants: a systematic overview of reviews on efficacy and safety, genotyping, self-monitoring, and stakeholder experiences
Authors: Khouja Claire , Brunton Ginny , Richardson Michelle , Stokes Gillian , Blanchard Laurence , Burchett Helen , Khatwa Meena , Walker Ruth , Wright Kath , Sowden Amanda , Thomas James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This systematic overview was commissioned by England’s Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) to assess the evidence on direct (previously ‘novel’) oral anticoagulants (OACs), compared with usual care, in adults, to prevent stroke related to atrial fibrillation (AF), and to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism (VTE). Specifically, to assess efficacy and safety, genotyping, self-monitoring, and patient and clinician experiences of OACs.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, ASSIA, and CINAHL, in October, 2017, updated in November 2021. We included systematic reviews, published from 2014, in English, assessing OACs, in adults. We rated review quality using AMSTAR2 or the JBI checklist. Two reviewers extracted and synthesised the main findings from the included reviews.

Results
We included 49 systematic reviews; one evaluated efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, 17 assessed genotyping, 23 self-monitoring or adherence, and 15 experiences (seven assessed two topics). Generally, the direct OACs, particularly apixaban (5 mg twice daily), were more effective and safer than warfarin in preventing AF-related stroke. For VTE, there was little evidence of differences in efficacy between direct OACs and low-molecular-weight heparin (prevention), warfarin (treatment), and warfarin or aspirin (secondary prevention). The evidence suggested that some direct OACs may reduce the risk of bleeding, compared with warfarin. One review of genotype-guided warfarin dosing assessed AF patients; no significant differences in stroke prevention were reported. Education about OACs, in patients with AF, could improve adherence. Pharmacist management of coagulation may be better than primary care management. Patients were more adherent to direct OACs than warfarin. Drug efficacy was highly valued by patients and most clinicians, followed by safety. No other factors consistently affected patients’ choice of anticoagulant and adherence to treatment. Patients were more satisfied with direct OACs than warfarin.

Conclusions
For stroke prevention in AF, direct OACs seem to be more effective and safer than usual care, and apixaban (5 mg twice daily) had the best profile. For VTE, there was no strong evidence that direct OACs were better than usual care. Education and pharmacist management could improve coagulation control. Both clinicians and patients rated efficacy and safety as the most important factors in managing AF and VTE.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42017084263—one deviation; efficacy and safety were from one review.
What evidence exists for the use of urban forest management in nature-based carbon solutions and bird conservation. A systematic map protocol
Authors: Hutt-Taylor Kayleigh , Ziter Carly D. , Frei Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
There is global interest in finding innovative solutions that address current climate and societal challenges in an urban context. Cities are often on the front lines of environmental change, meaning urban greening strategies have high potential to provide benefits across human communities, while protecting global biodiversity. There is growing consensus that nature-based solutions can provide multiple benefits to people and nature while also mitigating the effects of climate change. Urban forest management is well-suited to a nature-based solutions framework due to the wide variety of services trees provide our communities. Effective approaches to urban forest management also have the potential to promote other forms of urban biodiversity, particularly birds and species at risk. However, studies that integrate strategies for both climate and biodiversity conservation are rare. The goal of this systematic map is to gather and describe information on two desired outcomes of urban forest management: (1) conserving avian diversity and species at risk (2) carbon storage and sequestration (i.e., nature-based climate solutions).

Methods
We will identify relevant articles from two separate searches for inclusion in our systematic map that address (1) urban forestry and avian and species at risk conservation and, (2) urban forestry and carbon storage and sequestration. We will search two bibliographic databases, consult 20 relevant organizational websites, and solicit grey literature through an open call for evidence. Eligibility screening will be conducted at two stages: (1) title and abstract and (2) full text. Relevant information from included papers will be extracted and entered in a searchable, coded database. Synthesis of evidence will describe the key characteristics of each study (e.g., geographic locations, interventions, outcomes, species studied) and identify knowledge gaps and clusters of evidence. Our systematic map will guide further research on opportunities for multiple benefits using nature-based solutions, particularly as they relate to urban forest management. Furthermore, our evidence base will support both management and funding decisions to ensure the effective use of resources for maximum benefits across people and ecosystems.
Risk factors for air leakage during invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Ma Ling , Yin Miao , Yang Xi-Lun , Xu Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate air leakage during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and explore potential risk factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children who underwent IMV in a single-center PICU in a tertiary referral hospital. Air leakage risk factors and factors associated with an improved outcome were assessed.

Results
A total of 548 children who underwent IMV were enrolled in this study. Air leakage occurred in 7.5% (41/548) of the cases in the PICU. Air leakage increased the duration of IMV and hospitalization time. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of air leakage during IMV for PICU patients with acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 4.38), a higher pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) (OR = 1.08), or a higher peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) (OR = 1.08), whereas the risk was lower for patients with central respiratory failure (OR = 0.14). The logistic model had excellent predictive power for air leakage, with an area under the curve of 0.883 and tenfold cross-validation. Patients aged between 1 and 6 years who were diagnosed with measles or pneumonia and had a low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or high PaO2/FiO2 ratio were associated with improved outcomes. Patients diagnosed with central respiratory failure or congenital heart diseases were associated with less desirable outcomes.

Conclusions
Patients with ARDS, a higher PCIS at admission or a higher PIP were at higher risk of air leakage.
Quantify soil erosion and sediment export in response to land use/cover change in the Suha watershed, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia: implications for watershed management
Authors: Yeneneh Nigussie , Elias Eyasu , Feyisa Gudina Legese 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil erosion accelerated by human activities is a critical challenge affecting soil health, agricultural productivity, food security and environmental sustainability in the highlands of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of soil loss and sediment yield potential, and identify soil erosion hotspots using RUSLE with GIS in the Suha watershed, north western highlands of Ethiopia. Digital Elevation Model, LU/LC, rainfall, soil, and conservation practice were used as input data for RUSLE model. The estimated total annual soil loss for the entire watershed increased from 1.22 million tons in 1985 to 2.43 million tons in 2019, with average annual soil loss rates of 15.2 t ha−1 yr−1and 31.4 t ha−1 yr−1respectively. Total sediment yield also increased from 317.52 to 630.85 thousand tons over the past 35 years. In addition, the area of soil erosion hotspots changed from 15.2% (12,708 ha) to 32% (25,660 ha) during the same periods. Sub watershed 1, 2, 15, 17, 18, and 23 are severely degraded parts of the watershed. Expansion of agriculture and bare land as the expenses of other land use types over the past 35 years could be the major causes of extensive soil erosion risk in the watershed. Besides its temporal variability, soil loss and sediment export also showed variation between land use/cover classes. The estimated results of soil loss and sediment yield as well as soil erosion hotspots revealed that the soil erosion risk is progressively increasing during the study periods. Unless action is taken and the current condition is reversed, it will critically threat the livelihoods of the community in the watershed. Generally, the results underscore urgent demand for integrated and effective watershed management strategies.
The immunometabolic landscape of the bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Xu Binyan , Zhou Ziying , Wen Yueting , Li Zhongwei , Huang Zhongxi , Li Yuhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe bone marrow microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of various cell types and signaling factors, which serve as a niche supporting leukemia cells in their invasion of the human body. However, a systematic landscape of metabolic heterogeneity and its relationship with immunity in the AML microenvironment at single-cell resolution has not yet been established. Herein, we addressed this issue by analyzing 208,543 bone marrow cells from 40 AML patients and 3 healthy donors obtained from GSE130756. We focused on the metabolic preference of AML progenitor cells and diverse immune cells, especially myeloid immune cells and T cells. Accordingly, the immune evasion mechanism of leukemia cells was proposed from the view of the allocation of energy and oxygen, providing a novel direction of treatment. Finally, we tentatively proposed potential targets for AML metabolic therapy, including ENO1, GSTP1, MT-ND4L and UQCR11. Collectively, our analysis facilitates the development of personalized therapies targeting unique immunometabolic profiles.
RNA binding proteins in MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Tran Tiffany M. , Rao Dinesh S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA binding proteins (RBPs) have recently emerged as important post-transcriptional gene expression regulators in both normal development and disease. RBPs influence the fate of mRNAs through multiple mechanisms of action such as RNA modifications, alternative splicing, and miR-mediated regulation. This complex and, often, combinatorial regulation by RBPs critically impacts the expression of oncogenic transcripts and, thus, the activation of pathways that drive oncogenesis. Here, we focus on the major features of RBPs, their mechanisms of action, and discuss the current progress in investigating the function of important RBPs in MLL-rearranged leukemia.