bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of MHD flow and radiative heat transfer past a moving porous rotating disk with Hall effect
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Kushal 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe present study aims to investigate the effect of radiation on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a viscous, electrically conducting Newtonian fluid over rotating disk moving upward/downward immersed in a porous medium, considering the Hall effect. The study is motivated by the various applications in the context of solar power technology, electric power generation, Hall accelerators, MHDs generators and other industrial areas when the fluid flow is subjected to the previously mentioned effects such as MHD, Hall effect and thermal radiation.Design/methodology/approachSuitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary ones. The solutions of the reduced system are numerically obtained using the boundary value problem (BVP) Midrich scheme in Maple. The results are presented graphically for vertical disk movement, magnetic parameter, Hall current, Darcy parameter, thermal radiation and Schmidt number. Skin frictions, mass and heat transfer rates are numerically tabulated.FindingsIt is revealed that the vertical motion of the disk significantly boosts the radial and annular flows. Moreover, the Hall parameter has contrasting effects on velocity profiles for the range of magnetic field but temperature field is oblivious of this behavior. It is observed that heat and mass transfer considerably enhance along vertical disk movement. Also magnetic field, temperature ratio and radiation parameter significantly enhance the temperature field, while reaction rate parameter and Schmidt number decrease the concentration profile. The current model is calibrated in its reduced form to an already published literature with good correlation to ensure the numerical scheme's validity.Originality/valueThis work is original within the best efforts of the authors.
Rovatirelin ameliorates motor dysfunction in the cytosine arabinoside‐induced rat model of spinocerebellar degeneration via acetylcholine and dopamine neurotransmission
Authors: Ijiro Tomoyuki , Yaguchi Atsushi , Yokoyama Ayaka , Kiguchi Sumiyoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and the TRH mimetic taltirelin have been used in Japan for the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), a type of progressive ataxia. A TRH mimetic, rovatirelin, ameliorates ataxia symptoms in the rolling mouse Nagoya, a hereditary SCD model. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of oral administration of rovatirelin on a cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C)‐induced ataxia rat model, a sporadic SCD model characterized by gait abnormalities and falls because of cerebellar atrophy and investigate the central nervous system mechanism associated with rovatirelin‐mediated amelioration of motor dysfunction in these rats. Rovatirelin at ≥3 mg/kg significantly decreased the fall index, which is a primary endpoint of improved motor function calculated by dividing the number of falls by the locomotor activity, in both male and female rats with Ara‐C‐induced ataxia. Furthermore, rovatirelin caused a significant increase in locomotor activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Taltirelin at ≥30 mg/kg ameliorated motor dysfunction in ataxic rats. Moreover, rovatirelin significantly increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) at ≥3 mg/kg and significantly increased DA levels in the dorsal striatum at ≥10 mg/kg in normal rats. In conclusion, oral administration of rovatirelin ameliorates motor dysfunction in rats with Ara‐C‐induced ataxia, owing to its ACh‐increasing effects in the mPFC and DA‐increasing effects in the dorsal striatum and NAc. Furthermore, the effects of rovatirelin were more potent than those of taltirelin.
Characteristics, clinical findings and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: A comparison between an Australian emergency department and the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Slaven John , Evans Mark , Partyka Christopher , Aneman Anders , Middleton Paul M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesAcute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare, life‐threatening condition for which the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) remains the most detailed clinical resource. The present study compared the characteristics, clinical findings and outcomes of patients presenting to Liverpool Hospital, NSW, Australia (LPOOL) with AAD to those in IRAD. Secondary aims were to identify LPOOL patient variables associated with 30‐day mortality and to assess the impact of transfer times in the ED on 30‐day mortality.MethodsRetrospective observational study of patients presenting to LPOOL with AAD between 2011 and 2019. Clinical records were examined and compared with IRAD data. Variables in LPOOL associated (P < 0.10) with 30‐day mortality by univariable analysis were subsequently entered in a multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the impact of ED transfer times on 30‐day mortality.ResultsThe characteristics, clinical findings and outcomes of 156 LPOOL patients were overall similar to those in IRAD. Syncope, weakness or paralysis, raised lactate and chest X‐ray abnormalities were identified as independent predictors of 30‐day mortality. Time from ED to ICU explained 28% of the variance in survival at 30 days.ConclusionsThe characteristics, clinical features and outcomes of patients with AAD presenting to LPOOL appeared similar to those reported by IRAD. The identification of independent mortality predictors serves to improve the understanding of local AAD presentations. Reducing ED to ICU transfer times may increase 30‐day survival and further interdisciplinary research should be considered.
Outcome and prognosis of secondary lung cancer surgery with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ichinokawa Hideomi , Takamochi Kazuya , Fukui Mariko , Hattori Aritoshi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe initial surgery for lung cancer with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is often followed by passive treatment due to the surgery‐induced deterioration in respiratory function, and only a few studies have summarized the findings associated with a second surgery for lung cancer patients with ILD.MethodsOf the 3932 lung cancer patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from August 2008 to July 2019, 404 (10%) patients (1) underwent preoperative computed tomography for imaging of interstitial pneumonia and (2) underwent initial surgery. We analyzed 45 cases (11%) suspected of showing metachronous lung cancer during the postoperative course.ResultsThirty‐four patients (76%) underwent a second surgery. The group that underwent a second surgery showed a significantly better prognosis than the group that did not (p = 0.0009). The surgical procedure was wide‐wedge resection/segmentectomy/lobectomy and above in 15/7/12 cases, respectively. Postoperative complications were observed in nine cases (26%) (prolonged pulmonary fistula in five cases, ILD acute exacerbation in two cases, and wound dissection in two cases). Mortality within 30 days occurred in one case (ILD acute exacerbation at postoperative day 15). Twelve patients (35%) experienced recurrence. In the wide‐wedge resection group, 2/15 (13%) patients showed stump recurrence. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates after surgery for secondary lung cancer were 80.4, 72.5, 68.2, and 39.4%, respectively.ConclusionSurgery can be considered an effective treatment method for secondary lung cancer with ILD if the cases are carefully selected.
Exchange networks of the Early Bronze Age Gulf: The imported ceramics from Kalba 4 (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Eddisford Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImported ceramics from Early Bronze Age contexts in southeast Arabia illustrate a complex multidirectional network of material and social interactions at this time. Significant socioeconomic changes that occurred in the Hafit (3200–2800 B.C.) and Umm an‐Nar (2800–2000 B.C.) periods have been linked to external demand for copper, which is argued to have stimulated a change in subsistence patterns. Similarly, disruption to long‐distance exchange networks by external factors has been cited as driving change at the end of the Umm an‐Nar period. Archaeological evidence from the region suggests a shift in the direction of exchange from Mesopotamia to the Indus occurred around the middle of the third millennium B.C. However, a recent analysis of Mesopotamian historical sources has highlighted the scale of state‐organised textile production for export to the lower Gulf in the later third millennium B.C. The site of Kalba 4 has a stratified sequence of occupation deposits dating from the Umm an‐Nar and Iron Age (1300–300 B.C.). In this study, a typological analysis of imported ceramics is used to locate the Kalba in the chronological framework of the region and discuss the changing networks of long‐distance exchange that were operating. The imported pottery at Kalba 4 indicates that the inhabitants of the site were exchanging goods with a range of polities, including southern Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley (Meluhha), southeast Iran (Marhashi) and Bahrain (Dilmun). A significant quantity of Late Akkadian ceramics at the site suggests it became an important location for Mesopotamian trade at this time.
Diversity patterns of epiphytic bryophytes across spatial scales: Species‐rich crowns and beta‐diverse trunks
Authors: Berdugo Monica B. , Gradstein S. Robbert , Guérot Louise , León‐Yánez Susana , Bendix Jörg , Bader Maaike Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTropical forests are highly diverse at many spatial scales. In these forests, small‐sized canopy organisms can form species‐rich communities already within a few cm2. Understanding how species numbers increase when expanding the sampling along the tree and the forest is critical for evaluating the processes maintaining biodiversity. We therefore studied epiphytic bryophyte diversity in tree crowns and along trunks across spatial scales in a tropical lowland forest in Amazonian Ecuador, sampling bryophytes in 100‐cm2 quadrats on 24 trees (15–22 quadrats each) using a spatially hierarchical design, analyzing alpha and beta diversity at different spatial grains and extents. At the smallest grain, tree crowns held more bryophyte species than trunks, but at the largest grain the trunks held most species (93 vs. 77), as beta diversity was higher among trunks than among crowns. However, except for trunks at the largest extent (all 24 trees), the highest beta diversity among quadrats was always found between crowns and trunks. Species turnover strongly dominated beta diversity at all spatial scales. This and the high species richness resulted in highly unpredictable species compositions, especially in trunk communities. These patterns suggest different controls of diversity in crowns than on trunks and an important role for chance processes in shaping these communities. The high beta diversity within trees, in combination with the large effort involved in climbing trees, implies that diversity sampling of small canopy organisms is most efficient using an intensive (many plots on few trees) rather than extensive (many trees across a large area) sampling.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
MiR‐27a‐3p targets USP46 to inhibit the cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wen Minghua , Xu Hongyan , Peng Hong , Sheng Yanling , Yang Wenlong , Yan Jinlong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicro‐RNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as potential therapeutic targets for HCC. In this study, we found that miR‐27a‐3p was highly expressed in HCC, which was associated with lower survival rates of HCC patients. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments confirmed that over‐expression or knock‐down miR‐27a‐3p could significantly affect the proliferation ability of HCCLM3 and Huh‐7, two HCC cell lines. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 46 (USP46) was confirmed as the key target gene of miR‐27a‐3p in HCC via RNA‐seq, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and luciferase report. When knocking down USP46, the proliferation activity of HCC cells was significantly enhanced, while it was significantly inhibited after over‐expressing USP4. Above results suggest that the abnormally over‐expressed miR‐27a‐3p in liver promotes the proliferation of cancer cells and accelerates the development of HCC by targeting inhibition the expression of USP46. Targeting miR‐27a‐3p may be an effective strategy for prevention and treatment of HCC.
Challenges and a call to action for protecting European red wood ants
Authors: Balzani Paride , Dekoninck Wouter , Feldhaar Heike , Freitag Anne , Frizzi Filippo , Frouz Jan , Masoni Alberto , Robinson Elva , Sorvari Jouni , Santini Giacomo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRed wood ants (RWAs) are a group of keystone species widespread in temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite this, there is increasing evidence of local declines and extinctions. We reviewed the current protection status of RWAs throughout Europe and their International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat classification. Only some RWA species have been assessed at a global scale, and not all national red lists of the countries where RWAs are present include these species. Different assessment criteria, inventory approaches, and risk categories are used in different countries, and data deficiency is frequent. Legislative protection is even more complex, with some countries protecting RWAs implicitly together with the wildlife fauna and others explicitly protecting the whole group or particular species. This complexity often occurs within countries, for example, in Italy, where, outside of the Alps, only the introduced species are protected, whereas the native species, which are in decline, are not. Therefore, an international, coordinated framework is needed for the protection of RWAs. This first requires that the conservation target should be defined. Due to the similar morphology, complex taxonomy, and frequent hybridization, protecting the entire RWA group seems a more efficient strategy than protecting single species, although with a distinction between autochthonous and introduced species. Second, an update of the current distribution of RWA species is needed throughout Europe. Third, a protection law cannot be effective without the collaboration of forest managers, whose activity influences RWA habitat. Finally, RWA mounds offer a peculiar microhabitat, hosting a multitude of taxa, some of which are obligate myrmecophilous species on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, RWAs’ role as umbrella species could facilitate their protection if they are considered not only as target species but also as providers of species‐rich microhabitats.
La situation des réfugiés syriens employés dans l'agriculture au Moyen‐Orient au début de la pandémie de COVID‐19 sous l'angle du travail et de la sécurité alimentaire
Authors: ZUNTZ Ann‐Christin , KLEMA Mackenzie , ABDULLATEEF Shaher , MAZERI Stella , ALNABOLSI Salim Faisal , ALFADEL Abdulellah , ABI‐HABIB Joy , AZAR Maria , CALIA Clara , BURKE Joseph , GRANT Liz , BODEN Lisa 
Published: May 2022

RésuméLes auteurs utilisent des données ethnographiques issues de deux enquêtes auprès de réfugiés syriens employés dans l'agriculture au Moyen‐Orient (SyrianFoodFutures et From the FIELD) pour décrire les premiers effets de la pandémie sur cette population particulière. Ils montrent que les restrictions de déplacement et la perturbation des chaînes d'approvisionnement ont compromis l'activité et la sécurité alimentaire de ces migrants, en rappelant certaines données du contexte régional: l'ambiguïté juridique entourant le statut de réfugié, la dépendance de l'agriculture à la main‐d'œuvre immigrée et une insécurité alimentaire endémique. Ils concluent qu'il ne suffira pas de régulariser la situation des réfugiés au travail pour empêcher leur exploitation.
Parents' satisfaction with a Canadian pilot clinic to reduce waiting lists for the assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability in young children
Authors: Morin Marjorie , Rivard Mélina , Morin Diane , Mello Catherine , Coulombe Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA large body of evidence suggest that parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability experience low levels of satisfaction with the diagnostic evaluation process. This study sought to document parents' satisfaction with the services of a pilot clinic implemented in Québec, Canada.MethodTwo‐hundred fifty‐nine (259) parents were recruited following their child's diagnosis. A mixed methods approach was used to investigate parents' satisfaction globally and with specific aspects of the assessment process.ResultsParents expressed overall high satisfaction with the assessment process. Parental satisfaction with specific aspects of the assessment process was negatively related to paternal stress, fathers' unemployment and household income and positively related to maternal stress.ConclusionsThis pilot clinic could meet parents' needs at this crucial moment in their care and services trajectory. The factors associated with satisfaction in the present study may inform future improvements to its services.
Sex and male breeding state predict intraspecific trait variation in mouth‐brooding fishes
Authors: Abecia Janine E. , Luiz Osmar J. , Crook David A. , Banks Sam C. , Wedd Dion , King Alison J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSex‐specific reproductive roles contribute to sexual dimorphic morphological trait variations. In uniparental mouth‐brooding fishes, the mouth performs a reproductive function in addition to its key roles in feeding and respiration, resulting in the potential for sex‐specific functional performance trade‐offs. Trait differences related to parental care may occur when the individual matures or be restricted to periods when the parent is mouth‐brooding. This study explored sexual dimorphism and morphological trait adaptations related to feeding, breeding, respiration and locomotion performance in two paternal mouth‐brooding freshwater fishes (Glossamia aprion and Neoarius graeffei). Eight morphological traits were evaluated for sexual dimorphism (non‐brooder males vs. females) and male breeding state differences (brooders vs. non‐brooders). Male breeding state was a significant predictor of trait variation in both species. Brooders differed in buccal volume and in several feeding and locomotory traits compared to non‐brooder males. Non‐brooder males had bigger buccal volumes and relative eye diameters (G. aprion) and larger relative gape sizes (N. graeffei) compared to females, a potential response to both mouth‐brooding and feeding requirements. Although there were clear trait differences between brooder and non‐brooder males, further research is required to confirm whether individuals return to their former morphology once mouth‐brooding has ceased or if trait differences are maintained post‐brooding. This study highlights the importance of considering the potential impacts of intraspecific trait variation on the performance of critical life functions, such as feeding, respiration and locomotion across the life history.
Open‐Label assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of a skin care regimen for treating subjects with visible and physical symptoms of sensitive skin
Authors: Turner Ellen O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is a common concern with 60%–70% of women and 50%–60% of men reporting skin sensitivity and redness. Facial redness is associated with a higher incidence of embarrassment, social anxiety, and diminished quality of life. While there is no cure for sensitive skin, it can be controlled.AimsThe objective of this 12‐week, open‐label clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a topical facial regimen for treating subjects with facial redness and sensitive skin.Patients/MethodsEnrolled subjects were healthy male and female individuals, 25–60 years old with Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI who were seeking treatment for moderate or severe facial redness. Subjects were provided with products which were applied each morning and evening. The investigator assessed change in subject appearance using Overall Redness and Global Improvement Scales and subjects rated changes in appearance and tolerability with self‐assessment scales.ResultsThe mean Overall Redness Scale Score improved by 34% and 25% at Weeks 8 and 12, respectively. There was Mild or Moderate improvement in Global Improvement Scale scores beginning at Week 2 with over 50% achieving Marked improvement by Week 12. All subjects Agreed or Strongly Agreed that their facial redness was less noticeable, their skin appeared less inflamed, overall skin appearance improved, and skin looked and felt healthier at Week 12. The regimen was well‐tolerated.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a treatment regimen designed to neutralize skin redness and calm inflamed skin was well‐tolerated and improved the symptoms of sensitive skin.
Beliefs about the factors that motivate prosocial sentiments among people in the privileged class of Pakistan during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Ahsan Mehmood , Rasool Shahid , Prentice Catherine , Ahmad Muhammad Hissan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing upon the theories of empathy‐altruism and planned behavior, this study investigated beliefs about the factors that motivate prosocial sentiments among people in the privileged class of Pakistan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 31 participants who were deemed to be members of the privileged class within the class system of Pakistan. The results revealed nine themes including social interaction, peer influence, role models, collectivism, vicarious emotions, religiosity, capability, volition, and education.