bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXVI-4 Modelling Response to Heat Stress in a Northeastern USA Dairy Facility Using Robotic Voluntary Milking System Data
Authors: Derjue Jillian , Fragomeni Breno O 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heat stress represents a major concern in the US dairy industry. It negatively affects profitability by reducing production and reproductive efficiency. One efficient way to study heat stress is to associate production losses with weather data. The objective of this study is to use data from a voluntary milking system and a local weather station to study the impact of heat stress on a dairy facility in the Northeast. Data from 124 Holsteins and Jersey cows, with daily milking records from June of 2020 to February of 2022 at the Kellogg Dairy Center at the University of Connecticut, in Storrs, CT, were used. The first approach consisted in fitting a heat load function to model the daily changes in milk production. Additionally, the total milk production and number of days under potential heat stress per lactation were associated. Finally, the residuals of a nonlinear model for lactation curve computed using the Wilmink equations were modeled as a function of the heat load values. Results suggested that a temperature-humidity index above 60 may reduce milk production significantly (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, a better fit was obtained when the heat load was calculated as the average between the day of the heat event and the day before. The correlations between the days under potential heat stress and total milk yield were not significant. Finally, the effect of heat load on daily yield was significant and negative (p &lt; 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that milk yield of cows in the Northeast is affected by heat stress. Moreover, the voluntary milking system provides appropriate data for evaluating response to weather events in dairy cattle production. Such an approach evaluates animals under normal production circumstances and does not limit the number of individuals to be studied.
PSII-B-16
Effect of Calcium Gluconate Embedded in a Hydrogenated fat Matrix on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Beef Heifers
Authors: Watanabe Daniel M , Doelman John , Seymour Dave J , Sanz-Fernandez M V , López-Campos Oscar , Prieto Nuria , Penner Gregory B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gluconate salts have been reported to be metabolized by microbes in the gastrointestinal tract to yield butyrate and consequently enhance its functionality. The objective was to evaluate feed intake, growth, and carcass characteristics for heifers fed increasing doses of hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG). Twenty-one 10-mo Simmental × Limousin beef heifers, blocked by initial BW (323 ± 35.3 kg), were individually fed for 206 d (8.72% barley silage, 87.44% dry-rolled barley grain, and 3.84% mineral and vitamin supplement) and used to evaluate three different levels of HFCG (0.0%, 0.09%, and 0.18%; on DM basis through substitution of barley grain). Dry matter intake was determined weekly, and BW was measured at the start and end of the study and every three weeks. Carcass weight was recorded and carcasses were refrigerated for 13 d. The left ribeye (10th to 13th rib) was excised and evaluated by a certified grader from the Canadian Beef Grading Agency. Inclusion of HFCG did not affect DMI (8.29 kg/d; P = 0.87), ADG (1.37 kg/d; P =0.55), or G:F (0.166 kg/kg; P = 0.32). Final live BW and carcass weight averaged 630.9 ± 34.99 and 374.1 ± 10.19 kg and were not affected by treatment (P = 0.73 and 0.65, respectively). Dose of HFCG did not affect carcass characteristics with average values of 7.0 mm for fat thickness (P = 0.46), 104 cm2 for rib-eye area (P = 0.92), 476 for marbling score (P = 0.94), and 50.3% for retail cut yield (P = 0.62). In addition, HFCG did not affect quality grade (P = 0.38) or yield grade (P = 0.86). The present data suggests that the use of HFCG did not affect performance of finishing heifers or carcass quality on beef heifers regardless of dose.
PSIX-4 Rumen Microbial Meta-Proteome and Milk Whey Proteome in Holstein Cows fed with High Starch and low Fiber Diet
Authors: Mulakala Bharath , Smith Katherine , Snider Miriam A , Honan Mallory , Ayers Ariel , Greenwood Sabrina L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Identifying milk biomarkers impacted by dietary starch and fiber profiles can support optimization of feeding and concurrent promotion of animal health. The objective of this study was to characterize the rumen meta-proteome and milk whey proteome in Holstein cows fed different levels of physically effective undigestible NDF (peuNDF240) and rumen fermentable starch (RFS). Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were included in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with four 28-day periods. From this study, samples were collected from cows in each period receiving one of two dietary treatments: 1) low peuNDF240, high RFS (LNHR) or 2) high peuNDF240, low RFS (HNLR). Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected at the end of each period at three timepoints, snap-frozen, and stored at -800C. Rumen microbial proteins and milk whey proteins were isolated, quantified, isobarically labeled, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The acquired product ion spectra from rumen fluid and the milk samples were searched against 71 composite databases and a cattle database, respectively. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. Of the 130 rumen-associated proteins identified across 22 searched microbial species, the abundances of 13 proteins were impacted by diet across eight microbial species. Six of these proteins were associated with core metabolism. Among the 159 quantified milk proteins, the abundances of 17 proteins were impacted by diet. Many of these proteins were associated with host defense, nutrient synthesis, and transportation. The abundance of CD14 and lactadherin was less with the LNHR diet (P &lt; 0.05), whereas Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase and lipoprotein lipase abundances were greater with LNHR diet (P &lt; 0.05). Our results indicate feeding a higher concentration of RFS has a greater influence on milk whey proteome than the rumen meta-proteome profile and highlight the potential use of milk whey proteins as biomarkers indicative of nutrition.
PSIX-10 The Effect of NDF from Forage Levels on Metabolize Energy Intake and Fecal Starch in Nelore Cattle
Authors: Mendonca Filipe , Carlis Matheus , Zulim Guilherme , Ferreira Leonardo , Ventorin Joao , Garcia Matheus , Junior Paulo Bortoleto , Aguiar Victor , Lanna Dante 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of forage in finishing cattle has an important role. Although, it is not common to conduct research this subject with Nelore cattle. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of NDF from forage on ME and FS in Nelore cattle. All experiment had been approved by ESALQ animal care council. The diets were composed of corn silage, soybean meal, citrus pulp, ground flint corn, urea, chloride potassium and premix. In this experiment data from 20 Nelore Bulls with initial weight 420kg ± 30 kg were used. The animals received 5 finishing diets for 105 days that were switched every 21 days. The diets started from 15% NDF from forage followed by 12%, 9%, 6% and 3%. The ME was calculated by ME=0.82 DE (NRC, 1976; Garret, 1980), during the entire period of time, using the Grow Safe system. Feces were taken from the ground just after the animals defecated. The feces among those treatments were taken in 2 periods of time during each treatment in 20 animals on d 20 of each diet. Thereafter, FS was measured by NIRS equation developed by Caetano et al. (2009). A proc mixed model was used to perform the statistical analyses in SAS. There was a quadratic effect of NDF from forage in ME intake, P&lt; 0,0001. However, regarding FS there was not any effect due to NDF from forage level. Thereby, the ME intake depends directly of forage levels. It might be explained by the hepatic oxidation theory (Oba and Allen, 2000) as well the rumen fill effect (Mertens 1992). Moreover, the outcomes related the FS and NDF from forage levels were different than expected. Those results were different from the results by Caetano et al. (2015) and De Melo et al. (2019), both that used ground flint corn.
PSVII-5
Effects of Hops Treatment on Nitrogen Retention of Composted Poultry Litter and Subsequent Rumen Fermentation
Authors: Castillo-Castillo Yamicela , Anderson Robin C , Hume Michael E , Nisbet David J , Flythe Michael , Arzola-Alvarez Claudio , Angulo-Montoya Claudio , Salinas-Chavira Jaime , Castillo-Rangel Francisco , Felix-Portillo Monserrath , Ontiveros-Magadan Marina , Ruiz-Barrera Oscar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We tested the effects of Galena or Chinook hops treatment (6% wt/wt) of simulated composts (13 d) of wood chip litter (WCL) alone or mixed 3:1 with ground Bluestem hay (BSH). Results revealed that net losses of urea and ammonia in the WCL litter composted without BSH (n = 3/treatment) were unaffected by hops treatment (P = 0.37 and 0.13, respectively), averaging 0.32 ± 0.7 and 0.03 ± 1.5 µmol/g, respectively). The loss of uric acid was 60% less (P = 0.04) in the Galena hops-treated WCL compost than in the negative control compost (13.9 ± 3.8 vs 24.4 ± 5.6 µmol/g, respectively) and intermediate in the Chinook-treated compost (16.0 ± 2.7 µmol/g). Nitrogen losses during compost of WCL: BSH (n = 2/treatment) were unaffected by hops treatment (P = 0.77, 0.73 and 0.14 for uric acid, urea and ammonia, respectively), averaging 12.21 ± 3.1, 0.64 ± 0.6 and 1.07 ± 0.1 µmol/g, respectively, respectively). Assessment of potential carry over effects of residual hops in the composts during in vitro rumen fermentation (0.2 g of treated and control compost, in triplicate, mixed with 10 mL freshly collected rumen fluid) for 24 h at 39oC under 100% CO2 revealed no effects of hops treatment on H2 accumulations in incubations with WCL or WCL: BSH composts (P = 0.22 and 0.17, respectively), averaging 0.23 ± 0.1 and 0.17 ± 0.1 µmol/mL fluid, respectively. Accumulations of CH4 in rumen incubations of WCL composts were unaffected by hops treatment (P = 0.24), averaging 15.07 ± 2.0 µmol/mL, but were increased (P = 0.0002) in incubations of WCL: BSH composts, averaging 14.1 ± 0.4 and 13. 8 ± 0.6 µmol/mL in Galena- and Chinook-treated compost compared with 11.2 ± 0.4 µmol/mL in control incubations. Results indicate hops treatment may lessen uric acid degradation composting poultry litter without inhibiting rumen fermentation.
PSVII-11 Effects of Wheat Cultivars on Chemical Composition, in Vitro Digestibility, and Rumen Fermentation Characteristic of Sprouted Grains
Authors: Jeong Seungmin , Joo Youngho , Seo Myeongji , Lee Seongshin , Kim Samchrul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the effect of wheat cultivars on in vitro rumen digestibility and fermentation characteristics of sprouted grains. Three wheat cultivars, Arriheuk (ARH), Saekeumkang (SAK), and Jokyoung (JOK), were harvested at 6 days of cultivation stages, while Keunalbory (KEA) was a positive control. The collected sprouted grains dried at 55oC for 48 h, and ground to pass 1-mm screen for the chemical compositions and in vitro incubation. For in vitro rumen incubation, rumen fluid collected from cannulated Hanwoo heifer was mixed with Van Soest medium at a 1:2 ratio. Ground sprouted grains (0.3 g) with the mixture of rumen fluid/Van Soest medium (30 mL) were placed into the incubation bottles in quadruplicates and incubated for 0, 24, and 48 h. After incubation, the bottle contents were centrifuged to collect the supernatant and residues for analyses of rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibilities of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD), respectively. Crude protein content (27.7 vs. 20.4%) in JOK was greater (P&lt; 0.05) than that in KEA, but lowest (P&lt; 0.05) in ARH and SAK. The contents of crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were lower (P&lt; 0.05) in AK and SK than in KEA. The IVDMD (58.7 vs. 64.7%) and IVOMD (71.9 vs. 77.1%) were less (P&lt; 0.05) in SAK than in KEA. In vitro rumen pH was highest (P&lt; 0.05) in JOK, while ammonia-N content was less (P&lt; 0.05) in SAK than in the other sprouted grains. Total volatile fatty acid content was greater (P&lt; 0.05) in JOK than that in ARH and SAK, while the molar percent of propionate and butyrate were greatest (P&lt; 0.05) in SAK and ARH, respectively. Therefore, this study could conclude that JOK had greater feed values than ARH and SAK, but similar to KEA.
PSVIII-13 Influence of Propionibacteria Acidipropionici on Short Chain Fatty Acid and Methane Production in Fistulated Beef Steers
Authors: Levenson Jonah r , Murray Roderick Gonzalez , Garcia Gabriel , Davila Evo , Zuvich Miranda L , Gifford Ryan J , Haggard Ryne , Chek Erlene , Thorndyke Meghan P , de Bisneto Octavio Almeida Guimaraes , Hallmark Harrison D , Loh Huey Yi , Tangredi Briana V , Wagner John J , Engle Terry E , Goodall Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twelve steers, fitted with rumen canulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to examine the impact of the direct fed microbial Propionibacteria acidipropionici (PA) on rumen fermentation characteristics. All steers were housed together in one pen equipped with GrowSafe feed intake monitoring stations and one Greenfeed system used to estimate in vivo methane production. Steers were fed a corn silage-based diet throughout the experiment. Treatments consisted of PA administered at: 1) 0.0; 2) 1.0 x 108; 3)1.0 x 109; and 4) 1.0 x 1010 CFU∙animal-1∙day-1. Treatments were administered directly into the rumen as a single bolus dose daily. On day 7 and 14 of each period, rumen fluid was collected from each steer 2 h post treatment administration for VFA analysis and for determining in vitro fermentation characteristics. Following a 14d washout period, animal treatments were switched, and the experiment repeated. Data were analyzed as a 4 x 4 Latin square design. In vivo propionic acid molar proportions (25.4 vs 23.6±0.24) and total VFA concentrations (125.2 vs 121.3±1.87) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in steers receiving PA compared with controls. In vitro DM disappearance (P &lt; 0.05; 63.3% vs 59.2%±1.12) and total VFA (P &lt; 0.05; 147.9 vs 145.2±1.76) were greater and methane (ml/g DMD) lesser (P &lt; 0.04; 13.1 vs 15.6±0.11) in fermentation vessels incubated with rumen fluid from animals receiving PA compared with controls. Dry matter disappearance (P &lt; 0.03) and propionic acid (P &lt; 0.04) increased linearly as dose of PA increased. In vitro Total VFA tended (P &lt; 0.08) to increase linearly and methane production tended (P &lt; 0.09) to decrease quadratically in response PA dose. In vivo methane production was similar across treatments. In conclusion, PA addition improved in vivo and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics.
PSVI-9 Effect of Supplementing Confined Goats with Cucumis Melo During the Peripartum Period
Authors: Alemán Leticia Gaytán , Ángel-García Oscar , Villarreal Viridiana Contreras , Carrillo-Moreno Dalia Ivette , Véliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo , Calderón-Leyva Guadalupe , Espino Alan Sebastian Alvarado , De Miramontes Angeles Santiago 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effect of Cucumis melo supplementation on the quality and production of colostrum, milk, as well as live weight dynamics in both mothers and kids during the peripartum period. Pregnant multiparous adult goats (n=15) were divided into two experimental groups: 1) GS; n=8; supplemented with 300 g of dehydrated C. melo plus 100 g of concentrate); 2) GC; n=7; supplemented with 100 g of concentrate but without C melo). Data were analyzed by an ANOVA in a completely randomized design with the SAS statistical package (Evenston, ILL, USA, 2000) and differences were considered as significant at p≤ 0.05. Live weight did not differ between groups P=0.5, while colostrum fat content was greater in the GS compared with the GC (9.6 ± 1.1 vs 6.2 ± 0.8; P˂0.02). In milk production, no difference was observed between groups (2.2 ± 0.1 kg/day; P=0.8), however, on day 21 postpartum, an increase of 100 g/day was recorded for GS, compared with GC. Nutritional supplementation based on C. melo in goats during peripartum improves colostrum quality and increases milk production, under the conditions in which the experimental work was developed and could be adopted by goat breeders as an alternative so that their goats have a higher performance.
PSXII-19 Pediococcus Acidilactici and Lactobacillus Helveticas Inhibit Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Adhesion to Porcine Ipec-J2 Intestinal Cells but do not Protect Paracellular Epithelial Permeability
Authors: Tellman Claudia , Zheng Rui , Due Elizabeth , Jimenez-Flores Rafael , Jacobi Sheila K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weaning is a critical period during swine production, as pigs endure multiple stressors. Stressors provide an opportunistic gut environment for development of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrheal disease. Probiotics are known to improve gut health, but the specific mechanisms to protect intestinal barrier function are unknown. The objective is to investigate protective effects of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and Lactobacillus helveticus (LH) against ETEC challenge using porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells. IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at a concentration of 1 ×105 cells/insert, grown for 4 d, then treated with PA or LH for 3 h at concentrations of 108, 109, 1010, and 1011colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Bacterial adherence assays were performed to determine probiotic CFU adhered to the cells. To assess probiotic inhibition of ETEC adherence, cells were treated with probiotics at previously defined concentrations and ETEC 3030-2: K88ac (multiplicity of infection 2:1) for 2 h. Following incubation ETEC adherence assays were conducted. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and paracellular permeability was measured using 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran). Data were analyzed according to a randomized block design using GLM procedures of SAS. Both probiotics exhibited a concentration-dependent ability to attach to epithelial cells (PA 5.05, 6.03, 6.96, 7.67 ± 0.08 log10CFU/cm2 P&lt; 0.001; LH 5.54, 6.24, 7.38, 8.16 ± 0.19 log10CFU/cm2 P&lt; 0.001). In the presence of ETEC, probiotic treatment linearly inhibited ETEC adherence (PA 23.49, 31.48, 4.59, 0.17 ± 6.85 % of control P&lt; 0.001; LH 39.50, 28.0, 0.49, 0.020 ± 5.21 % of control P&lt; 0.001). Increasing concentrations of probiotics modulated IPEC-J2 cellular cytotoxicity in the presence of ETEC (P&lt; 0.05). However, the probiotics were not able to protect FITC-dextran flux across the epithelial cell barrier following ETEC challenge. Our findings indicate these probiotics have protective effects in preventing ETEC adhesion and modulating cell death, but do not reduce paracellular flux.
Sugar addicted in the city: impact of urbanisation on food choice and diet composition of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Authors: Wist Bianca , Stolter Caroline , Dausmann Kathrin H 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrban wildlife faces a great variety of human-induced habitat alterations, among others changes in resource availability and composition, often resulting in serious declines in biodiversity. Nevertheless, Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) occur in high densities in urban areas and seem to benefit from supplementary feeding. However, we still lack knowledge about consequences of urbanisation on mammalian foraging behaviour and nutrient intake. Thus, we investigated body mass, food choice and diet composition in squirrels from an urban core area versus a forest population in a cafeteria experiment. Urban individuals were lower in initial body mass and condition, but consumed significantly more g and kJ per day and significantly gained weight over the course of the experiment (around 2 weeks); nevertheless, the difference in body mass and condition persisted. All squirrels preferred hazelnuts, but urban squirrels had a wider dietary range and consumed more non-natural food items. Both groups prioritised fat and there was no difference in protein intake. Urban squirrels though had a significantly higher sugar intake, mainly by eating biscuits. Our results demonstrate clear effects of urbanisation on foraging behaviour and preferences, which has the potential for nutritional mismatch or negative side effects due to consumption of non-natural food items. Our findings show that highly supplemented urban core fragments might not serve as adequate refuge for wildlife.
Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Barreto Savio George 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP), characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas, is one of the most common causes for emergency admissions around the world. Its incidence is increasing. While the disease generally runs a mild course, in approximately 20–30% of individuals, the disease has the propensity to be severe, with an attendant risk of morbidity and mortality. Fluid resuscitation, aimed at combatting third space losses that accompany AP, is one of the key initial steps in management. While aggressive fluid resuscitation does not preclude the development of a severe course, inadequate resuscitation is more likely to contribute to a poor outcome. Similarly, the provision of adequate pain relief and maintenance of nutrition are important considerations early on in the management of AP. Thus, knowledge of AP, its causes and appropriate initial management remain important not only to surgeons, but also to emergency physicians. This chapter provides a detailed understanding of the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and initial management of AP.
Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Talukdar Rupjyoti , Rao G. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tropical chronic pancreatitis (TCP) has been classically described as ‘recurrent abdominal pain in childhood, diabetes around puberty, and death at the prime of life’. Malnutrition and cassava (cyanogenic glycoside) were previously thought to be a cause of TCP, but this has been refuted by recent data. Current understanding has associated oxidative stress and genetic factors with TCP. Recent studies have demonstrated that several features of the classical description of TCP have changed over the years. With a prevalence of 126 in 100,000 in the state of Kerala in the early nineties, classical TCP currently constitutes approximately 4% of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in India. The age of onset has been delayed by a decade, and diabetes, which was once described as brittle, is now less frequent and manageable with oral hypoglycaemics. Based on the evolution of evidence over the years, TCP may be regarded as an advanced form of idiopathic CP that results from gene–environment interactions.
Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Patil Vrishali P. , Sollinger Hans W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transplantation of the pancreas provides long-term physiological normoglycaemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes being a multi-organ disease often leads to secondary complications, triggering frequent hospital visits, life-threatening events such as hypoglycaemia unawareness, sepsis, and end-stage organ failures, leading to poor survival. Pancreatic transplants can halt the progression of secondary complications and improve patient survival. This chapter gives an overview of pancreas transplants, their expanding indications, the surgical technique, the types of pancreas transplants, and their impact on survival and quality of life. With an ever-increasing population of diabetes in the world, there is a current need for the option of pancreas transplants to reach patients across the world. The chapter explores the selection of patients for pancreas transplants and their post-operative course.