bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A vector finite element approach to temperature dependent parameters of microwave ablation for liver cancer
Authors: Gangadhara Boregowda , Mariappan Panchatcharam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrowave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive treatment for cancer that uses electromagnetic waves to kill the tumor cells without significantly damaging the surrounding healthy cells. A three‐state cell death model calculates the thermal damage around the Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor in the liver tissue. The temperature profile is simulated for a single‐slot co‐axial antenna with a 1 mm air slot located near the tip of the antenna to produce an adequate amount of heat. The aims of this study are (1) to use the vector/edge finite element method (VFEM) to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation to obtain the specific absorption rate, which is an input for the bio‐heat equation that predicts the heat distribution in the liver tissue during MWA treatment, and (2) to compare the computational costs of VFEM and the finite element method (FEM) when different types of input powers and dielectric properties are used in the wave propagation equation. This study claims that the accuracy level increases marginally with less computation cost while using VFEM for temperature‐dependent wave propagation equation.
Creation of Highly Dispersed Supported Polyoxometalate Cesium Salts via Cation Exchange from Alkylammonium Salts on Supports
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki , Yabe Tomohiro , Wachi Keiju , Yonesato Kentaro , Suzuki Kosuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have reported several precisely designed metal‐oxo clusters on lacunary polyoxometalate (POM) tetra‐n‐butylammonium (TBA) salts in organic solvents. However, owing to their low thermostability and/or low effective surface area, POM TBA salts are not amenable to heterogeneous catalysts for gas‐phase reactions at high temperature. To avoid this problem, we developed a new preparation method that obtains highly dispersed supported‐POM Cs salts (Cs−POM/support) via cation exchange from the corresponding TBA salts on supports. In this study, a model Keggin‐type POM called TBA4PVMo11O40 (TBA−PVMo11) is supported on oxides (TBA−PVMo11/support) using an incipient wetness method in acetonitrile. This TBA−PVMo11/support was cation‐exchanged with cesium trifluoromethanesulfonate in ethanol to obtain supported‐POM Cs salts (Cs−PVMo11/support). Various characterizations revealed that the TBA−PVMo11/support maintained the original Keggin structure during cation exchange and that Cs−PVMo11 was highly dispersed on the supports. Furthermore, Cs−PVMo11/support maintained the Keggin structure even after calcination at 573 K under an aerobic condition.
Quantification and comparison of the regional acceleratory phenomenon in bone following piezosurgery or bur osteotomy: A pilot study in rats
Authors: Battista Massimo Di , Kernitsky Jeremy , Exarchos Elias , Ohira Taisuke , Dibart Serge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP) can be induced surgically via decortication (selective cortical penetrations) of bone to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Few studies have compared the impact and efficiency of different decortication methods to induce the RAP. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a significant difference in the intensity of the RAP induced by a surgical defect created either using a piezoelectric knife or a rotary bur.MethodsTwenty‐two Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two treatment groups (each n = 8) and a control group (n = 6). The treatment groups were subjected to transcortical penetrations (TP) of the right tibia using either a piezoelectric knife (PTP) or a rotary bur (BTP). The right tibias of the control group animals had reflection of tissues (SHAM) and the left legs were kept for comparison (INTACT). The animals were killed at 7 and 14 days after the operation in an equally distributed manner. Microcomputed tomography images were obtained and analyzed utilizing artificial intelligence for bone cortical porosity (Ct.Po) locally and regionally.Results/ConclusionRegionally, TP using a PTP induced significantly (p < .05, Kruskal–Wallis test) more Ct.Po than BTP or INTACT for both the 7‐ and 14‐day time points. PTP was not found to induce significantly more Ct.Po than SHAM at any time point. However, PTP induced significantly more Ct.Po than the INTACT group for each time point, while SHAM did not. The local analysis did not reveal any relevant significant differences between groups.
A high step‐up soft‐switched DC‐DC converter with reduced voltage stress for DC micro‐grid applications
Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu , Ramteke Manojkumar R. , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis article proposes a non‐isolated soft switched high gain DC‐DC converter with reduced voltage stress across switches and diodes. This converter is suitable for renewable energy and DC micro‐grid applications. High gain is obtained at lower duty and turns ratio using a voltage multiplier and two coupled inductors. An active clamp circuit is incorporated to reduce the voltage stress across the main switch and also to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) of both switches. Zero current switching (ZCS) of diodes during turn off is also achieved. As a result, switching losses between switches and diodes are reduced, and efficiency is improved. The working principle and theoretical analysis in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is presented. A 500 W (24 V/400 V) prototype with a high voltage gain is built up, and an efficiency of 94.87% is observed. The hardware results are in close agreement with the simulation results.
The frequency of Treg subsets distinguishes disease activity in ANCA vasculitis
Authors: Agosto‐Burgos Christian , Wu Eveline Y , Iannone Marie A , Hu Yichun , Hogan Susan L , Henderson Candace D , Kennedy Kristin B , Blazek Lauren , Herrera Carolina A , Munson Dominique , Falk Ronald J , Ciavatta Dominic J , Free Meghan E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesT regulatory cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous group of immunoregulatory cells that dampen self‐harming immune responses and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. In anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis, Tregs possess diminished suppressive capacity, which has been attributed to the expression of a FOXP3 splice‐variant lacking exon 2 in T cells (FOXP3Δ2 CD4+ T cells). However, the suppressive capacity of Tregs varies between subsets. We evaluated the frequency of Treg subsets in ANCA vasculitis as a potential explanation for diminished suppressive capacity.MethodsWe developed a custom mass cytometry panel and performed deep immune profiling of Tregs in healthy controls, patients with active disease and in remission. Using these data, we performed multidimensional reduction and discriminant analysis to identify associations between Treg subsets and disease activity.ResultsTotal Tregs were expanded in ANCA vasculitis, which was associated with remission and the administration of rituximab and/or prednisone. The frequency of FOXP3Δ2 CD4+ T cells did not distinguish disease activity and this population had high expression levels of CD127 and lacked both CD25 and Helios, suggesting that they are not conventional Tregs. The frequency of CXCR3+, CD103+ and CCR7+ Tregs distinguished disease activity, and the combination of the frequency of these three Treg subsets segregated active patients from patients in remission and healthy controls. From these three subsets, the frequency of CXCR3+ Tregs distinguished patients with active disease with renal involvement.ConclusionTreg heterogeneity can discriminate disease activity and should be explored as a biomarker of disease activity in ANCA vasculitis.
Cytological diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma at metastatic sites, with emphasis on role of insulinoma‐associated protein 1 immunocytochemistry
Authors: Roy Diya , Sriram Sanjay , Kakkar Aanchal , Kumar Rajeev , Kaur Kavneet , Jain Deepali , Sharma Atul , Thakar Alok 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neuroectodermal tumor with a propensity for lymph node and distant metastases in a proportion of cases, presenting opportunities for cytological diagnosis. Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a recently identified marker of neuroendocrine differentiation with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional neuroendocrine immunostains used in diagnosis of ONB.MethodsArchival aspirates diagnosed as metastatic ONB were retrieved and reviewed for described characteristics of ONB. Spare direct smears with sufficient cellular material from each case were selected, if available, and immunocytochemistry for INSM1 was performed on the destained alcohol‐fixed smears. INSM1 was also performed on non‐neuroendocrine malignant round cell tumors (MRCT).ResultsSeven fine needle aspirates (FNA) from five patients were identified, all of which showed a small round cell tumor with fine to coarse granular chromatin. Most cases had moderate to high cellularity, comprised of loosely cohesive clusters and dispersed cells. While two‐cell pattern, nuclear streaking and moulding were frequent, background neuropil, fibrillary cytoplasm, and rosettes were uncommon. INSM1 immunostaining performed on spare direct smears showed strong positivity in 30%–100% of tumor cells (mean: 62%) in all aspirates tested (100%). In comparison with other immunostains, INSM1 showed more robust staining, and was easier to interpret. All non‐neuroendocrine MRCTs were negative for INSM1.ConclusionMetatstatic ONB can resemble other small round cell tumors, as all the diagnostic features of ONB may not be readily evident. INSM1 immunocytochemistry has high sensitivity and specificity and can reliably be used as a single marker to support the cytomorphology for a confirmatory diagnosis of ONB, even on direct smears if a cell block is not available.
Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlso in 2021/2022, considerable efforts were invested into advancing human sports drug testing programs, recognizing and taking into account existing as well as emerging challenges in anti‐doping, especially with regard to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2022 Prohibited List. In this edition of the annual banned‐substance review, literature on recent developments published between October 2021 and September 2022 is summarized and discussed. Focus is put particularly on enhanced analytical approaches and complementary testing options in human doping controls, appreciating the exigence and mission in anti‐doping and, equally, the contemporary “new normal” considering, for example, the athlete's exposome versus analytical sensitivity and applicable anti‐doping regulations for result interpretation and management.
A simple strategy for active structural control against control–structure–excitation effects: Concept, framework, and experiments
Authors: Yao Hongcan , Tan Ping , Liu Yanhui , Zhou Fulin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActive control is among the most effective control techniques for mitigating structural vibrations. Control–structure interaction (CSI) plays a significant role in modeling a control system. Popular methods incorporate the actuator dynamics and structure into the control system to account for CSI. The transfer function of the actuator can be identified through frequency response tests without physical modeling. However, this method ignores the effects of the excitation. Another approach is to create a physics‐based model of the actuator and include it in the control design, but its implementation may be challenging and requires a thorough understanding of the complex control system. In this study, the concept of control–structure–excitation effects (CSEE) is presented to account for the effects of the control, structure, and excitation on the transfer function of the actuator. In contrast to the existing control methods that consider CSI in system modeling, an improved control framework is proposed to eliminate the influence of CSI/CSEE on the control performance and thus decouple the tracking control of the actuator from the control design of the structure. This is achieved by introducing the control floor acceleration into the actuator controller and transforming the tracking of the absolute control force into that of the relative acceleration. The control strategy is simple and easy to implement based on conventional actuator control algorithms, such as three‐variable control. Frequency response tests and shake table tests were performed on a two‐story small‐scale structure to evaluate the effectiveness of the control strategy. It was confirmed that the improved control framework shows good tracking performance with respect to the control force and thus allows for ideal structural response control.
Simulation and performance analysis of a cooling energy storage system based on encapsulated nano‐enhanced phase change materials
Authors: Ghojavand Fateme , Baniasadi Ehsan , Afshari Ebraim , Genceli Hadi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of different parameters on the performance of a cold energy storage system based on spherical capsules using two‐ and three‐dimensional (2D and 3D) numerical analyses. The effect of different arrangements of the capsules is studied using a 2D model. The impact of using nanoparticles, diameter, and material of a spherical capsule and working parameters that affect the melting and solidification process are evaluated in a 3D model. The results revealed that the hexagonal arrangement compared to the triangular and rectangular arrangements, yields a lower charging time of 10.71% and 16.67%, respectively. Utilization of a 3% volume fraction of graphene nanoparticles in the phase change material reduces the charging and discharging process time by 11.11% and 22.22%, respectively. The diameter of the capsule is an effective parameter for the charging and discharging time, so the capsule with a diameter of 20 mm in comparison with a diameter of 40 mm reduces the charging and discharging time by 71.1% and 66.67%, respectively. Also, capsules made of graphite yield lower charging process time compared to plastic and glass capsules by 17.39% and 5%, respectively.
Unique bone microanatomy reveals ancestry of subterranean specializations in mammals
Authors: Amson Eli , Scheyer Torsten M. , Martinez Quentin , Schwermann Achim H. , Koyabu Daisuke , He Kai , Ziegler Reinhard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Acquiring a subterranean lifestyle entails a substantial shift for many aspects of terrestrial vertebrates’ biology. Although this lifestyle is associated with multiple instances of convergent evolution, the relative success of some subterranean lineages largely remains unexplained. Here, we focus on the mammalian transitions to life underground, quantifying bone microanatomy through high-resolution X-ray tomography. The true moles stand out in this dataset. Examination of this family's bone histology reveals that the highly fossorial moles acquired a unique phenotype involving large amounts of compacted coarse cancellous bone. This phenotype exceeds the adaptive optimum seemingly shared by several other subterranean mammals and can be traced back to some of the first known members of the family. This remarkable microanatomy was acquired early in the history of the group and evolved faster than the gross morphology innovations of true moles’ forelimb. This echoes the pattern described for other lifestyle transitions, such as the acquisition of bone mass specializations in secondarily aquatic tetrapods. Highly plastic traits—such as those pertaining to bone structure—are hence involved in the early stages of different types of lifestyle transitions.
A new model for forecasting VaR and ES using intraday returns aggregation
Authors: Song Shijia , Li Handong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new risk measurement model that directly incorporate information from high‐frequency data to predict daily Value‐at‐Risk and expected shortfall. In this model, Regular‐Vine copula and Monte Carlo simulation are applied to produce the predicted intraday returns that have nonlinear dependences. And the time‐varying marginal distribution of intraday returns is estimated under the framework of generalized autoregressive score. The model is so named R‐Vine‐Copula‐GAS (abbreviated as RVCGAS). The predicted intraday returns in the same day are added up to obtain the daily return and form its empirical distribution. The risk measurements are then calculated based on this simulated distribution. An empirical analysis is conducted using data from the index in China's stock market and some of its constituents, and the effects of the proposed model and several Benchmark models are compared through some backtestings. The results show that RVCGAS has an advantage over others in predicting tail risk when the risk level is high, since it could cover more risky returns and reduce more costs.
Safety and quality assessment of street‐vended barbecue chicken samples from Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ayesha , Ahmad Naveed , Liaqat Atif , Farooq Muhammad Adil , Ahsan Samreen , Chughtai Muhammad Farhan Jahangir , Rahaman Abdul , Saeed Kanza , junaid‐ur‐Rahman Syed , Siddeeg Azhari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study was designed to assess the safety and quality status of street‐vended barbecue chicken samples. The samples were collected from four regions of Faisalabad city: Ghulam Mohammad Abad (R1), Jhang Road (R2), Sargodha Road (R3), and Satiana Road (R4); and compared with the self‐prepared barbecue chicken sample (R0). Purposely, all the collected samples were subjected to assess the quality aspects by physicochemical analyses. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that moisture content varied from 54% to 60%, crude protein 26.97% to 32.87%, crude fat 7.25% to 9.00%, crude ash 1.61% to 1.72%, pH 5.60 to 6.30, free fatty acid value 1.00% to 1.39%, and peroxide value 0.63 to 0.84 meq/Kg. Results pertaining to the enumeration of total microbial load and total coliform count exhibit 2.39–5.17 and 1.20–3.20 log cfu/g, respectively. The samples were assessed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Fe) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of highly toxic metals Pb and Cd was found to be much higher than recommended value as they ranged from 1.90 to 3.70 mg/kg for Pb and 0.10 to 0.90 mg/kg for Cd. However, the level of essential metals (Fe and Zn) in barbecue chicken samples ranged from 67.10 to 180 and 8.30 to 35.80 mg/kg which was much higher than their safe limits for Fe (15 ppm) and Zn (5 ppm), respectively. The study concludes that the consumption of street‐vended barbecue chicken possesses to be a serious public health risk for consumers.
The effects of a national policy to reduce c‐sections in Brazil
Authors: Melo Carolina , Menezes‐Filho Naercio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the effects of a national policy implemented in Brazil to avoid unnecessary cesareans. The policy has a supply‐side component that prohibits elective c‐sections before the 39th gestational week and a demand‐side awareness component. Since the policy is not binding for cases with a strong medical c‐section indication, we use births of breech‐ and transverse‐positioned babies as a counterfactual for births of cephalic‐positioned babies in a difference‐in‐differences framework. Our results reveal that the policy decreases the rate of c‐sections by 1.6 percentage point, and slightly increases gestational time, birthweight, and first‐minute APGAR scores. There is evidence that policy effectiveness is driven by its demand‐side component.
Accuracy evaluation of evapotranspiration estimated by inverse analysis using FLUXNET2015 at forest sites
Authors: Maruyama Toshisuke , Fujii Sanshiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventionally, the Bowen ratio method and eddy covariance are used to measure evapotranspiration (ET); however, they have limited accuracy. Inverse analysis (IA), a novel method presented here, can estimate evapotranspiration (ETa) using commonly measured climatic variables. However, because actual ET data are limited, the accuracy of IA remains uncertain. Recently, IA accuracy has been improved, thus, observed latent heat flux (lEobs) in FLUXNET2015 data, a global dataset, and estimated values can be compared. Herein, we aim to evaluate the accuracy of the IA method. Eight forest sites in the dataset during 2000–2014 were selected as test sites, and hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly comparisons of lEobs and ETa were conducted using regression analysis and root mean square error (RMSE) calculations. The results are as follows: ① Comparison of lEobs‐hourly and ETa for all sites showed a similar pattern, with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0053 mm h−1. ② Comparison of lEobs‐daily and ETa showed high correlation coefficients, with slopes ranging from 1.016–0.717 and an average RMSE of 1.08 mm h−1. ③ Comparison of lEobs‐monthly and ETa showed similar patterns, with slopes ranging from 1.042–0.811 and an average RMSE of 17.9 mm m−1. ④ The slope of lEobs‐yearly and ETa was 0.988 and the average RMSE was 71.0 mm year−1. ⑤ The average of lEobs‐yearly and ETa showed a strong relationship, with a slope of 0.992. ⑥ The differences between the time steps of lEobs and ETa were evaluated qualitatively using RMSE/lEobs‐yearly, with hourly–yearly differences of 8.4%, 70.2%, 40.4%, and 14.2%, respectively. The above results indicate that IA can be used for an accurate estimation of ET. The findings of this study contribute significantly to water management and a deeper understanding of the hydrologic cycle.
Widening the offer of human papillomavirus self‐sampling to all women eligible for cervical screening: Make haste slowly
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Sargent Alexandra , Njor Sisse Helle , Cuschieri Kate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelf‐collection of samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has the potential to increase the uptake of cervical screening among underscreened women and will likely form a crucial part of the WHO's strategy to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030. In high‐income countries with long‐standing, organised cervical screening programmes, self‐collection is increasingly becoming available as a routine offer for women regardless of their screening histories, including under‐ and well‐screened women. For these contexts, a validated microsimulation model determined that adding self‐collection to clinician collection is likely to be cost‐effective on the condition that it meets specific thresholds relating to (1) uptake and (2) sensitivity for the detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). We used these thresholds to review the ‘early‐adopter’ programme‐level evidence with a mind to determine how well and how consistently they were being met. The available evidence suggested some risk to overall programme performance in the situation where low uptake among underscreened women was accompanied by a high rate of substituting clinician sampling with self‐collection among well‐screened women. Risk was further compounded in a situation where the slightly reduced sensitivity of self‐sampling vs clinician sampling for the detection of CIN2+ was accompanied with lack of adherence to a follow‐up triage test that required a clinician sample. To support real‐world programmes on their pathways toward implementation and to avoid HPV self‐collection being introduced as a screening measure in good faith but with counterproductive consequences, we conclude by identifying a range of mitigations and areas worthy of research prioritisation.