bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Experimental Parameters on the Electrocatalytic Performance in Rotating Disc Electrode Measurements: Case Study of Oxygen Evolution on Ni−Co‐Oxide in Alkaline Media
Authors: Bhandari Sabita , Narangoda Praveen V. , Mogensen Siri O. , Tesch Marc F. , Mechler Anna K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA preselection of catalysts by screening their performance prior to intensive analysis can save a lot of time and money. A commonly applied screening tool is the rotating disk electrode setup. For powder materials, however, the measured electrocatalytic performance can be influenced by various experimental parameters. Here, a nickel cobalt mixed‐oxide is investigated as a model catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media. The determined electrochemical performance upon variation of the ink composition, catalyst loading, electrolyte concentration, and gas saturation in the electrolyte is systematically evaluated. The results indicate that some parameters do not directly influence the measured performance, whereas others show a significant effect. Special attention is given to the interaction with Fe‐impurities present in the electrolyte. The here presented insights into the impact of different parameters can support the interpretation of possible side effects in electrocatalyst analysis.
Regioselective nitration of toluene to para‐nitrotoluene with NO2 over dealumination Hβ zeolite: Comparison of organic and inorganic acids
Authors: Deng Renjie , Tian Yao , Liu Huajie , Yan Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work presents a novel heterogeneous catalytic system for the preparation of para‐nitrotoluene (p‐NT) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a nitrating agent in the presence of oxygen (O2). By applying dealuminated Hβ zeolite treated with oxalic acid (Hβ‐Ox) as a catalyst, p‐NT can be obtained with high conversion (90.5%) and selectivity (72.6%). In addition, it can be recycled at least five times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. This result demonstrates that the catalyst has high efficiency, good stability, and regenerability. Meanwhile, the characteristics of pristine Hβ and different dealuminated Hβ zeolites modified with organic and inorganic acids were systematic contrastive studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption‐desorption, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), temperature‐programed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), pyridine adsorption infrared (Py‐FT‐IR), and solid state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS‐NMR). Finally, the higher conversion and para‐selectivity over Hβ‐Ox also give a reasonable explanation in this paper.
Cultural heritage and risk assessments: Gaps, challenges, and future research directions for the inclusion of heritage within climate change adaptation and disaster management
Authors: Crowley Kate , Jackson Rowan , O'Connell Siona , Karunarthna Dulma , Anantasari Esti , Retnowati Arry , Niemand Dominique 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCultural heritage shapes our identity, delivers capacities, and exposes vulnerabilities, yet cultural heritage value and vulnerability are largely missing from conventional risk assessments. Risk assessments are a fundamental first step in identifying effective mechanisms for Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and disaster management. However, by ignoring the influence of heritage, decision makers are limiting their understanding of risk and therefore opportunities vital for building and maintaining local resilience. We present findings from a synthesis of peer‐reviewed literature from the last 15 years on cultural heritage risk assessment for primarily CCA but with wider implications for disaster management. We identify a significant lack of research examining intangible aspects of heritage and their influence on risk and resilience. Across the literature, risk assessments focus largely on exposure in isolation from vulnerability or adaptive capacity and where vulnerability is included there is no consistent definition or criterion. We highlight that the most frequently used methods have minimal engagement with local community values, experience, and knowledge relating to heritage practice and customs. Community engagement is most often associated with ‘professional experts’ rather than members of a local community. Furthermore, the Global South is severely under‐represented with a research bias towards Europe and North America. We recommend an agile approach to future assessments with the adjustment of risk tool research and development to include participatory approaches. Future climate risk frameworks must incorporate community‐scale values to understand the role of cultural heritage in relation to adaptive capacity, vulnerability, and resilience.
Relationships between cystatin C and creatinine‐based eGFR with low tongue pressure in Japanese rural community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Kusunoki Hiroshi , Hasegawa Yoko , Tsuji Shotaro , Wada Yosuke , Tamaki Kayoko , Nagai Koutatsu , Mori Takara , Matsuzawa Ryota , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Shimizu Hideo , Shinmura Ken 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is defined as a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). It has been reported that oral hypofunction characterized by decreased tongue pressure is related to sarcopenia. Although there are several previous reports regarding the association of renal dysfunction with oral hypofunction characterized by low tongue pressure, the association between tongue pressure and renal function is not fully understood.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 68 men aged 79.0 ± 4.8 years and 145 women aged 77.3 ± 5.4 years from a rural area in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We examined the relationships between cystatin C‐based CKD (CKDcys), creatinine‐based CKD (CKDcre), ratio of cystatin C‐based GFR (eGFRcys) divided by creatinine‐based GFR (eGFRcre): eGFRcys/eGFRcre, and tongue pressure in community‐dwelling older adults.ResultsTongue pressure was significantly lower in participants with CKDcys than in those without CKDcys in men and women. However, there were no significant differences in tongue pressure with or without CKDcre. Tongue pressure was significantly lower in participants with eGFRcys/eGFRcre <1.0, than in those with eGFRcys/eGFRcre ≧ 1.0 in men. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cut‐off value of tongue pressure for the presence of CKDcys was 36.6kPa, area under the curve (AUC) 0.74 (specificity 54.8%, sensitivity 84.6%) in men and 31.8kPa, AUC 0.65 (specificity 67.3%, sensitivity 60.5%) in women.ConclusionsCKDcys but not CKDcre is associated with low tongue pressure. In addition, a lower eGFRcys/eGFRcre ratio is a useful screening marker of low tongue pressure in community‐dwelling older adults.
Association between dietary hardness score and activities of daily living among individuals aged 90 years
Authors: Urabe Hidenori , Oue Hiroshi , Hiasa Kyou , Tsuga Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith the rapidly aging world population, Japan has many older people with difficulties in maintaining oral health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary hardness score and performance of activities of daily living (ADL) of 90‐year‐old individuals in rural areas of Japan.Material and MethodsA total of 236 individuals (64 men and 172 women) aged 90 years in Mitsugi town, Hiroshima, Japan, were included. Assessment of oral status and survey of ADL were performed. The association of ADL with dietary hardness score and the number of remaining teeth was determined.ResultsThe mean dietary hardness score was 8.3 ± 2.6. Eighty individuals showed independence in ADL, whereas 156 individuals showed dependence. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, showed that dietary hardness score was associated with ADL status but not the number of remaining teeth.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a low dietary hardness score is associated with dependence on ADL in 90‐year‐old individuals.
Exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Baratto Claudia , Caravita Sergio , Soranna Davide , Dewachter Céline , Bondue Antoine , Zambon Antonella , Badano Luigi P. , Parati Gianfranco , Vachiéry Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsExercise right heart catheterization (RHC) is considered the gold‐standard test to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, exercise RHC is an insufficiently standardized technique, and current haemodynamic thresholds to define HFpEF are not universally accepted. We sought to describe the exercise haemodynamics profile of HFpEF cohorts reported in literature, as compared with control subjects.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic literature review until December 2020. Studies reporting pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) at rest and peak exercise were extracted. Summary estimates of all haemodynamic variables were evaluated, stratified according to body position (supine/upright exercise). The PAWP/cardiac output (CO) slope during exercise was extrapolated. Twenty‐seven studies were identified, providing data for 2180 HFpEF patients and 682 controls. At peak exercise, patients with HFpEF achieved higher PAWP (30 [29–31] vs. 16 [15–17] mmHg, P < 0.001) and mean right atrial pressure (P < 0.001) than controls. These differences persisted after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and body position. However, peak PAWP values were highly heterogeneous among the cohorts (I2 = 93%), with a relative overlap with controls. PAWP/CO slope was steeper in HFpEF than in controls (3.75 [3.20–4.28] vs. 0.95 [0.30–1.59] mmHg/L/min, P value < 0.0001), even after adjustment for covariates (P = 0.007).ConclusionsDespite methodological heterogeneity, as well as heterogeneity of pooled haemodynamic estimates, the exercise haemodynamic profile of HFpEF patients is consistent across studies and characterized by a steep PAWP rise during exercise. More standardization of exercise haemodynamics may be advisable for a wider application in clinical practice.
Impact of different training modalities on high‐density lipoprotein function in HFpEF patients: a substudy of the OptimEx trial
Authors: Sowa Pamela W. , Winzer Ephraim B. , Hommel Jennifer , Männel Anita , van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Wisløff Ulrik , Pieske Burkert , Halle Martin , Linke Axel , Adams Volker 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsIn heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the reduction of nitric oxide (NO)‐bioavailability and consequently endothelial dysfunction leads to LV stiffness and diastolic dysfunction of the heart. Besides shear stress, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) stimulates endothelial cells to increased production of NO via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). For patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, earlier studies demonstrated a positive impact of exercise training (ET) on HDL‐mediated eNOS activation. The study aims to investigate the influence of ET on HDL‐mediated phosphorylation of eNOS in HFpEF patients.Methods and resultsThe present study is a substudy of the OptimEx‐Clin trial. The patients were randomized to three groups: (i) HIIT (high‐intensity interval training; (ii) MCT (moderate‐intensity continuous training); and (iii) CG (control group). Supervised training at study centres was offered for the first 3 months. From months 4–12, training sessions were continued at home with the same exercise protocol as performed during the in‐hospital phase. Blood was collected at baseline, after 3, and 12 months, and HDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with isolated HDL, and HDL‐induced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and Thr495 was assessed. Subsequently, the antioxidative function of HDL was evaluated by measuring the activity of HDL‐associated paraoxonase‐1 (Pon1) and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). After 3 months of supervised ET, HIIT resulted in increased HDL‐mediated eNOS‐Ser1177 phosphorylation. This effect diminished after 12 months of ET. No effect of HIIT was observed on HDL‐mediated eNOS‐Thr495 phosphorylation. MCT had no effect on HDL‐mediated eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and Thr495. HIIT also increased Pon1 activity after 12 months of ET and reduced the concentration of TBARS in the serum after 3 and 12 months of ET. A negative correlation was observed between TBARS concentration and HDL‐associated Pon1 activity in the HIIT group (r = −0.61, P < 0.05), and a trend was evident for the correlation between the change in HDL‐mediated eNOS‐Ser1177 phosphorylation and the change in peak V̇O2 after 3 months in the HIIT group (r = 0.635, P = 0.07).ConclusionsThe present study documented that HIIT but not MCT exerts beneficial effects on HDL‐mediated eNOS phosphorylation and HDL‐associated Pon1 activity in HFpEF patients. These beneficial effects of HIIT were reduced as soon as the patients switched to home‐based ET.
Two‐year outcome of ventricular assist device via a modified left atrium to aorta approach in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Lim Choon Pin , Lim Yeong Phang , Lim Chong Hee , Ong Hean‐Yee , Tan Daryl , Omar Abdul Razakjr 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis is a debilitating disease associated with poor long‐term survival. Medical or palliative treatment is the usual course of therapy, but patients are often intolerant of conventional heart failure treatment. The current standard of care of sequential heart and bone marrow transplant is usually not feasible for ill or frail patients or in countries with limited organ donors or without transplant programmes. Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are not usually offered to these patients due to high peri‐operative risks and risks of suction events with the LVAD in a small left ventricle. We report the 2 year outcome and discuss the challenges faced in the management of our patient with end‐stage heart failure due to cardiac amyloidosis, who was successfully supported with an LVAD using a modified left atrium to aorta implantation technique.
Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization inside a heart failure programme: a real‐world experience
Authors: Moulin Thibaut , Hamon David , Djouadi Kamila , D'Humières Thomas , Elbaz Nathalie , Boukantar Madjid , Zerbib Céline , Rouffiac Ségolène , Dhanjal Tarvinder S. , Ernande Laura , Derumeaux Geneviève , Teiger Emmanuel , Damy Thibaud , Lellouche Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThis study sought to describe and evaluate the impact of a routine in‐hospital cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) programme, including comprehensive heart failure (HF) evaluation and systematic echo‐guided CRT optimization.Methods and resultsCRT implanted patients were referred for optimization programme at 3 to 12 months from implantation. The program included clinical and biological status, standardized screening for potential cause of CRT non‐response and systematic echo‐guided atrioventricular and interventricular delays (AVd and VVd) optimization. Initial CRT‐response and improvement at 6 months post‐optimization were assessed with a clinical composite score (CCS). Major HF events were tracked during 1 year after optimization. A total of 227 patients were referred for CRT optimization and enrolled (71 ± 11 years old, 77% male, LVEF 30.6 ± 7.9%), of whom 111 (48.9%) were classified as initial non‐responders. Left ventricular lead dislodgement was noted in 4 patients (1.8%), and loss or ≤90% biventricular capture in 22 (9.7%), mostly due to arrhythmias. Of the 196 patients (86%) who could undergo echo‐guided CRT optimization, 71 (36.2%) required VVd modification and 50/144 (34.7%) AVd modification. At 6 months post‐optimization, 34.3% of the initial non‐responders were improved according to the CCS, but neither AVd nor VVd echo‐guided modification was significantly associated with CCS‐improvement. After one‐year follow‐up, initial non‐responders maintained a higher rate of major HF events than initial responders, with no significant difference between AVd/VVd modified or not.ConclusionsOur study supports the necessity of a close, comprehensive and multidisciplinary follow‐up of CRT patients, without arguing for routine use of echo‐guided CRT optimization.
Long‐term survival and life expectancy following an acute heart failure hospitalization in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Hariharaputhiran Saranya , Peng Yang , Ngo Linh , Ali Anna , Hossain Sadia , Visvanathan Renuka , Adams Robert , Chan Wandy , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsContemporary long‐term survival following a heart failure (HF) hospitalization is uncertain. We evaluated survival up to 10 years after a HF hospitalization using national data from Australia and New Zealand, identified predictors of survival, and estimated the attributable loss in life expectancy.Methods and resultsPatients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of HF from 2008–2017 were identified and all‐cause mortality assessed by linking with Death Registries. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate survival, predictors of survival and loss in life expectancy. A total of 283 048 patients with HF were included (mean age 78.2 ± 12.3 years, 50.8% male). Of these, 48.3% (48.1–48.5) were surviving by 3 years, 34.1% (33.9–34.3) by 5 years and 17.1% (16.8–17.4) by 10 years (median survival 2.8 years). Survival declined with age with 53.4% of patients aged 18–54 years and 6.2% aged ≥85 years alive by 10 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for mortality 4.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.65–5.04 for ≥85 years vs. 18–54 years) and was worse in male patients (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.13–1.15). Prior HF (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.18–1.22), valvular and rheumatic heart disease (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.10–1.13) and vascular disease (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.09) were cardiovascular comorbidities most strongly associated with long‐term death. Non‐cardiovascular comorbidities and geriatric syndromes were common and associated with higher mortality. Compared with the general population, HF was associated with a loss of 7.3 years in life expectancy (or 56.6% of the expected life expectancy) and reached 20.5 years for those aged 18–54 years.ConclusionLess than one in five patients hospitalized for HF were surviving by 10 years with patients experiencing almost 60% loss in life expectancy compared with the general population, highlighting the considerable persisting societal burden of HF. Concerted multidisciplinary efforts are needed to improve post‐hospitalization outcomes of HF.
Rapid and Mild Cleavage of Aryl‐Alkyl Ethers to Liberate Phenols
Authors: Torrens Aidan A. , Ly Alexandra L. , Fong Darryl , Adronov Alex 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report that the Piers‐Rubinsztajn reaction enables rapid deprotection of aryl alkyl ethers under ambient conditions. This chemistry leverages tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and silyl hydrides to convert aryl methyl ethers to siloxanes, which can then be cleaved using 1 % HCl in EtOH. We examined 26 derivatives and routinely obtained yields >85 %, even in the presence of sterically demanding groups and complex substrate structures. Other alkyl ethers including ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert‐butyl, and benzyl groups were also easily removed.
Noncombustibility: Testing and regulatory requirements
Authors: Hirschler Marcelo M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work describes the test methods used in the United States and in Western Europe for regulatory assessments of whether a material can be considered to be a noncombustible material for use in building construction. It also provides the history of the development of such test methods, which is essential for understanding their use in regulation. The work distinguishes between the absolute concept of noncombustibility and the use of the concept in actual practice, for building construction. A key aspect of the work is that it describes both the origin of the pass/fail criteria associated with the test methods in use and their application. The work also describes the type of requirement that is being associated, in codes and regulations, with materials (which are designated limited combustible materials by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and as A2 materials by the European Union) that provide “no significant” contribution to fire hazard. Such materials are often permitted for use in applications where otherwise only noncombustible materials are permitted. The work discusses other proposed methods for assessing noncombustibility, mainly based on heat release, which, although technically sound, have not become adopted for regulation in either the US or Western Europe. The work also discusses pass/fail criteria associated with the major noncombustibility tests, namely those associated with ASTM E136 (in the US) and ISO 1182 (in Western Europe and the maritime world) and the rationale for such criteria.
Toward robust models for predicting carbon dioxide absorption by nanofluids
Authors: Nait Amar Menad , Djema Hakim , Belhaouari Samir Brahim , Zeraibi Noureddine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of nanofluids has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption by using nanofluids as the solvents for the capture of CO2 is among the attractive applications, which have recently gained high popularity in various industrial aspects. In this work, two robust explicit‐based machine learning (ML) methods, namely group method of data handling (GMDH) and genetic programming (GP) were implemented for establishing accurate correlations that can estimate the absorption of CO2 by nanofluids. The correlations were developed using a comprehensive database that involved 230 experimental measurements. The obtained results revealed that the proposed ML‐based correlations can predict the absorption of CO2 by nanofluids with high accuracy. Besides, it was found that the GP‐based correlation yielded more precise predictions compared to the GMDH‐based correlation. The GP‐based correlation has an overall coefficient of determination of 0.9914 and an overall average absolute relative deviation of 3.732%. Lastly, the carried‐out trend analysis confirmed the compatibility of the proposed GP‐based correlation with the real physical tendency of CO2 absorption by nanofluids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiative magneto‐thermogravitational flow in a porous square cavity with viscous heating and Hall current effects: A numerical study of ψ–v scheme
Authors: Venkatadri K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA numerical study presented for the natural convection two‐dimensional incompressible flow of a magnetized fluid in a square enclosure filled with porous medium. Viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Hall current effects are included. The formulated computational domain comprising the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations with appropriate boundary conditions, is rendered dimensionless via appropriate scaling transformations. The resulting nondimensional partial governing equations are solved by the ψ–v scheme. A detailed parametric investigation of the influence of Hartman number (magnetic body force parameter), Rayleigh number (thermal buoyancy parameter), Darcy number (permeability parameter), Eckart number for porous medium, Hall parameter, and radiation parameter on the streamline, temperature contours, local Nusselt number along the hot wall and mid‐section velocity profiles are computed. Thermal Rayleigh number can be a control key parameter on heat and flow in enclosures. In addition, the heat transfer rate is intensified with increasing thermal Rayleigh numbers. With increasing Darcy number (i.e., greater permeability of the porous medium and progressively lower Darcian drag force) there is a strong elevation in the average Nusselt number at the left hot wall.