bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restrictions on confidential communication between a lawyer and his client under the legislation of foreign countries and the practice of the ECHR
Authors: Zaborovsky V.V. 
Published: April 2022

This article reveals the problematic issues related to the implementation of one of the main guarantees of a lawyer's professional activity, namely ensuring the confidentiality of his communication with his client, in particular, regarding the possibility of limiting such confidentiality.
The study revealed the positions of foreign legislators, who set certain restrictions on the implementation of the guarantee of a ban on interfering in the private communication of a lawyer with his client. The positions of the European Court of Human Rights, which allow for the possibility of limiting the confidentiality of communication between them, are also analyzed. The position is argued, according to which Ukraine, along with many foreign countries, proceeds from the need to ensure absolute confidentiality of communication between a lawyer and his client.
To achieve this goal, the author used methods typical of legal science. The study was conducted using primarily a comparative legal method, which provided an opportunity to analyze the experience of foreign countries in implementing the guarantee of prohibition of interference in private communication with a client, while the formal-dogmatic method allowed to analyze the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
The study allows us to conclude that a significant number of countries enshrining the right of a lawyer and his client to such communication, set certain restrictions on its implementation, in particular: an exception to the confidentiality of correspondence is possible if the judiciary has reasonable grounds to believe that it is criminal ( Italy); if there is a reasonable suspicion that the accused may violate the detention regime (Macedonia); or only in cases involving the establishment of terrorist organizations and criminal organizations abroad (Germany), etc.
The definition of «ship» by international and national regulations
Authors: Dopilko V. O. , Shchegolska K. O. 
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the definition of «ship» by international and national regulations. It is noted that there are many examples of the legal definition of «ship». There are attempts in international law to define the term «ship».
The definition of «ship» under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships contains a tautology, as the term «ship» is defined as «ship». Thus, for this Convention, a ship is understood to mean not only ships in the usual sense of the term but also «stationary or floating platforms». In other international legal acts, there is also no unambiguous (universal) interpretation of the concept of «ship». And in one of the most important sources of international maritime law - the comprehensive universal The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, although the term «ship» is often used, there is no norm-definition that should explain it. Based on the study, several features that are inherent in the vessel, namely: the concept of the vessel, is applied only to the Merchant shipping code of Ukraine, and the vessel is understood as a «self-propelled or non-self-propelled floating structure». However, the restriction of the vessel as a «floating structure» from other «floating objects» can be carried out for their intended purpose. Thus, «floating objects», in contrast to ships, are not intended for permanent stay in a floating state but are brought into such a state for their one-time movement or specific work. Therefore, they should not be considered as vessels - rafts, sealed tanks, which are towed to the place of their installation (pipes, tanks, pontoons), delivered on a tug in a floating state of metal structures (oil rigs, bridge spans, etc.).
Based on the study, it was concluded that the Merchant shipping code of Ukraine uses concepts of the same meaning: ship (so-called section II Merchant shipping code of Ukraine and this concept is used in the title of many articles), merchant ship (Part 1 of Article 15 of the Merchant shipping code of Ukraine), sea vessel (Part 1 of Article 13 of the Merchant shipping code of Ukraine). Therefore, to improve the Merchant shipping code of Ukraine, it should be borne in mind that the concepts of «ship», «merchant ship», «sea vessel» are differentiated and have different meanings and relate to each other as general and special.
Transforming the policies of international organizations of the EU and NATO in order to ensure the energy security of member states
Authors: Kononenko V. , Novikova L. , Kharchenko I. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of international energy security. It was perceived as part of general international security, and as a branch of national security. But new threats require that regional international organizations and military-political organizations, such as the EU and NATO, address this issue. When Russia cut off gas supplies through Ukraine in 2006 and 2009, some industrial production was suspended. This caused significant economic damage. This showed a clear vulnerability on the part of NATO countries and the possibility of using energy mechanisms against them in the future. Therefore, a stable supply of fuel has become a very important factor for Allies.
It is expected that the actions of European countries to reduce CO2 emissions and replace carbon fuel with environmentally friendly energy will put pressure on the economy of oil and gas exporters. This will also have an indirect impact on importers, in particular NATO member states. The pursuit of clean energy carries not only benefits but also risks.
The implications of switching to alternative energy sources for individual fossil fuel producers will vary. In some countries there may be social unrest, political crises until the collapse of the state. The latter can lead to waves of migration to Europe or the United States. The policies of individual states, which will lose legal sources of budget replenishment, and especially if they become a haven for terrorists, may become more aggressive.
When formulating energy security policy, the possibility of using the energy sector as a weapon by individual states to achieve their foreign policy goals should be taken into account. Therefore, each state (union of states) will try to achieve a higher level of not only energy security, but also protection from associated threats.
Theoretical and practical features of communal property disposal under ukrainian legislation
Authors: Byelov D. M. , Novak O. O. 
Published: April 2022

Theoretical and practical features of the management of communal property in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine are studied. The position on the need to qualitatively expand the content of the existing principles of communal property management was supported. The author is of the opinion that the formation of effective local self-government as part of the goal of the administrative-territorial reform introduced in Ukraine requires, among other things, taking into account the general principles of economic activity, including greater dispositiveness in decision-making by local governments.
Gaps have been identified within the limits set by the current legislation for the management of communally owned property in correlation with approaches to the implementation of business relations in Ukraine.
An analysis of the current legal framework governing the boundaries and procedures for decision-making on the management of communal property revealed a lack of declarative rules that determine the prerequisites and procedures for the transfer of communal property from the common property of territorial communities in Ukraine. Author expressed an opinion that the existing procedure of managing objects of property rights of territorial communities, as an element of powers of the property owner, restrains the action of the principle of material and financial independence of local self-government enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine.
It has been established that one of the key criteria that should be followed by entities empowered to manage communal property is social orientation in making any organizational and business decisions.
The idea of outsourcing as one of the most pragmatic ways to improve the efficiency of communal property management is supported given its wide range of optimization properties. The author also noted the possibility of delimitation of powers between local governments to manage the common property of territorial communities in the context of contractual relations established on the basis of voluntary cooperation and mutual responsibility.
Legal regulation of liability for environmental pollution in the carriage of dangerous goods by sea
Authors: Dopilka V. O. , Matienko K. G. 
Published: April 2022

The article considers the international legal norms and legislation of Ukraine in the field of responsibility for pollution of the marine environment during the transportation of dangerous goods, the main trends in the development of maritime navigation and environmental protection.
The concept and essence of ecological safety of the World Ocean is defined.
The author considers the main provisions of the Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Transportation of Dangerous Goods", as well as international norms contained in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution (1969), the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (1971), the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (1976), the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Dangerous and Harmful Substances by Sea (1996), the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973).
The above regulations contain recommendations and regulate the liability of the shipowner for damage from oil pollution from ships, release of the shipowner from liability for damage from pollution by oil and other harmful substances from ships, intent or gross negligence of the victim in cases of oil pollution. or more vessels for damage from pollution, the issue of limiting the liability of the shipowner for damage from pollution, loss of the right to limit liability for damage from pollution by hazardous substances from ships, as well as insurance and other financial support for liability for damage from pollution from ships.
The analysis of normative acts of international and domestic legislation allowed to study the conceptual provisions of the problem, as well as to conclude that it is necessary to implement international law in the national legislation of Ukraine on ways to solve the problem of marine pollution from ships.
Category “national interests” through the prism of ensuring individual and collective human rights
Authors: Petretska N. , Stavychny P. 
Published: April 2022

The national interests are important aspect of the existence and development of any organized social structure, which is able to organize and exercise positive control over the behavior of people in the relevant field and territory. Understanding the category "national interests" through the ensuring individual and collective human rights is inextricably linked with the existence of a full-fledged rule of law.
Ensuring human rights, at the same time without violating "national interests" is possible only through the legal regulation and the domestic and international institutions effectiveness. The most effective regulation, including internal coherence, might take place through the prism of understanding individual and collective rights. To our opinion, this approach would indicate the rule of law in the category of "national interests".
Сlassifying interests on various grounds, the prefix "national" to the word interests determines its interpretation which is based on the state patriotism and sovereign security. According our point of view, this phenomenon is manifested that the interests of the state are placed above the interests of human.
To our opinion, the national interests are the constitutional and legal category, because they are enshrined in the Basic Law of the state and formed by society. In the inductive and deductive sense, the national interests are provided by the ratio of values and the choice of means and methods of their ensuring. In the event of a threat to national interests, it is necessary to consider which values will be a priority for protection and which can be sacrificed in case of extreme necessity. On the contrary, it is necessary to take into account which values will be provided first in the absence of any threats, and which will change to secondary.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA ADAPTIF PUSKESMAS TEGALLALANG II KABUPATEN GIANYAR DALAM PROGRAM PENGENTASAN STUNTING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Pranati Ni Kadek Esilia Septigar , Januraga Pande Putu 
Published: April 2022

The stunting alleviation program is a national priority during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus encouraging primary health center to adapt. It is necessary to conduct research to determine the implementation of the adaptive culture of the Tegallalang II Primary Health Center in Gianyar Regency in the stunting alleviation program during the COVID-19 pandemic through the dimensions of creating change, customer focus, and organizational learning. The design of this research is descriptive with qualitative methods. The research informants were 16 people from health workers in the working area of ??the Tegallalang II Primary Health Center who were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument used in-depth interview guidelines. The results showed that the Tegallalang II Primary Health Center had the main quality of customer-centered cultural adaptive culture. Change depends on the organization and the individual. The unpreparedness of health human resources is a major factor in the barriers to change. The lack of knowledge sharing activities causes the organizational level learning aspect to be less active. Internal and external support from health center is needed to increase the quantity of human resources and improve organizational learning.
Key words: Adaptive Culture, Primary Health Center, Stunting Alleviation Program, COVID-19 Pandemic
BIOAKUMULASI DAN ANALISIS RISIKO KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DARI PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cd PADA IKAN YANG DITANGKAP DI TUKAD BADUNG, DENPASAR
Authors: Palgunadi Ni Putu Gita Saraswati , Purnama I Gede Herry 
Published: April 2022

Tukad Badung is a river that crosses Badung and Denpasar Regencies. 3 locations are often used for fishing, namely Tukad Korea, Fishing Park, and Muara Dam. Previous research showed that this river polluted by Pb and Cd. This research is a descriptive observational study with a field survey method on levels of lead and cadmium in fish that have been caught in Tukad Badung and survey of fish consumption habits to predict public health risks. This study uses an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Fish samples selection used purposive sampling and convenient sampling for respondent selection. Laboratory results showed that the levels of Pb in mujair ranged from 0.1104-0.5012 ppm, and in Tilapia ranged from 0.0928-0.4462 ppm. The average lead in the two types of fish has exceeded the maximum limit of Pb in fish as regulated in PerBPOM No.23.2017. Health risk calculations showed the value of EDI show that the daily intake of Pb is classified as high risk. THQ value of Pb indicates a low level of non-carcinogenic risk. TR value for Pb indicates a low level of carcinogenic risk. Meanwhile, the value of EDI, THQ, HI and TR of Cd could not be calculated.
Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Fish, Environmental Health Risk Assessment
HUBUNGAN KECUKUPAN ENERGI, STATUS GIZI, BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KEJADIAN KELELAHAN KERJA (WORK FATIGUE) PADA PEKERJA DI JASA EKSPEDISI KOTA DENPASAR SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Wahyuni Kadek Candra Dwi , Utami Ni Wayan Arya 
Published: April 2022

The high demand for delivery of goods from online shopping activities carried out by the public due to restrictions on activities during the Covid-19 pandemic certainly affects expedition services, especially couriers to experience work fatigue. Work fatigue can be influenced by energy sufficiency, nutritional status, and workload. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adequacy of energy sufficiency, nutritional status, workload with the incidence of work fatigue in workers in Denpasar City expedition services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Quantitative research design with approach cross sectional. The research sample was all couriers on two selected expedition services with a total of 115 respondents, the sampling technique used was the total sampling method. The result showed that 93,91% of couriers experienced mild fatigue, had normal nutritional status (81,74%), lacked energy sufficiency (86,94%), and light workload (93,04%). Bivariable test showed there was no relationship between energy sufficiency and work fatigue (p = 0.290), but there was a relationship between nutritional status and workload to the experience of work fatigue (p = 0.000). Suggestions in this study for couriers service to pays attention to health by eating varied foods, maintaining ideal body weight, and taking overtime capacity to be more scheduled.
Keywords: Work Fatigue, Energy Sufficiency, Nutritional Status, Workload
VAKSINASI RABIES PADA ANJING OLEH PEMILIK DAN FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH SANUR, DENPASAR
Authors: Wauran Mary Amalia , Subrata I Made 
Published: April 2022

Rabies can be prevented and managed effectively through routine rabies vaccinations for dogs, with vaccination coverage reaching 70% to form herd immunity. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic caused the implementation of rabies vaccination for dogs in The Sanur Region to experience limitations, resulting in a decrease in rabies vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to determine rabies vaccination in dogs by owners and related factors during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Sanur area, based on the Precede-Proceed Model theory by Lawrence Green. This study uses a quantitative analytical observational method with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from March to May 2021, using primary data from 155 dog owners who live in The Sanur Region of Denpasar, and were selected based on proportional random sampling. Primary data collected from online questionnaires were analyzed in three stages, descriptive analysis, different proportion test (chi square), and logistic regression test. The results of the analysis using the chi square test and logistic regression showed that only three variables had a significant influence on the behavior of dog owners in giving rabies vaccinations for their dogs during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely education (OR=140.68;95%CI:10, 77-1837.64), income (OR=13.04;95%CI:2.98-57.06), and knowledge (OR=32.36;95%CI:9.43-111.08).
Keywords: Rabies Vaccination, Dog Owner Behavior
NEUROGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA: KOMPLIKASI YANG MENGANCAM JIWA AKIBAT KERUSAKAN BERAT SISTEM SARAF PUSAT
Authors: Gumantara M. Panji Bintang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema (NPE) is one of the complications due to severe damage of the central nervous system (CNS). The incidence is about 2-8% in the world and still rarely reported. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) commonly found in cases of intracranial hemorrhage such as SDH, SAH, and ICH, in conditions of uncontrolled epilepsy and recurrent seizures, and in some cases of spinal cord trauma. The pathogenesis of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema (NPE) cannot be fully understood, but there are 2 theories of the occurrence of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema (NPE), the first namely as theory of hemodynamic changes and the second is NPE trigger zones involving the central control of the brain's autonomic and cardiovascular system. Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema (NPE) has an acute and chronic onset, which is characterized by ARDS-like symptoms such as dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, reddish sputum, crackles in auscultation, and radiological features in the form of diffuse alveolar infiltrat bilateral. Early recognition of signs and symptoms of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema (NPE) can improve the patient's outcome. Initial treatment of this condition uses two management principles, first overcoming the underlying disease condition and second is supportive therapy, such as mechanical ventilator, ECMO, and transpulmonary thermodilution, the use of diuretics, and controlling fluid therapy.
CORED (CHRONIC-RELAPSING DEPRESSION) PREVENTION: PENDEKATAN NOVEL BERBASIS APLIKASI SELULER PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN DEPRESI
Authors: Sandra Sandra , Ramayanti Ni Putu Nadia , Larasati Made Syanindita Putri , Semadi I Made Siswadi , Ruma I Made Winarsa , Sumardika I Wayan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Depressive disorder is a mood disorder that can have a serious impact on a person's life, both in health and in society. This disorder also has a risk of recurrence so that it can have an impact towards chronic depression. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach is needed to reduce this burden and improve the quality of life of patients previously diagnosed with depressive disorders. Implementation of mobile applications can be an option to mitigate this. This study aims to review cellular application therapy approaches to prevent progression and recurrence in depressive symptoms.
Discussion: Efforts to prevent progression and recurrence from depressive disorders can be done through the CORED (Chronic-Relapsing Depression) Prevention mobile application which focuses on: (1) Follow Up, (2) Time management assistance, (3) Meditation and mindfulness training, and (4) Group-Therapy services. The interventions on these four things have good clinical effects to prevent recurrence in depressive patients. In addition, given the high risk of relapse in depression, this application is equipped with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screening tool to detect warning signs, in which patients must return to therapy in clinical settings.
Conclusion: The use of the application, based on the right principles, is expected to provide maximum effect and can be both effective in terms of time and cost. Further research needs to be carried out to examine the implementation of more integrated applications to assess the effectiveness of the use of cellular applications as prevention of recurrence and chronic depression in depressive disorders patients.