bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-middle income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Imam Abdulazeez , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Aluvaala Jalemba , Maina Michuki , Gathara David , English Mike 
Published: April 2022

Background: Missed nursing care (care left undone or task incompletion) is viewed as an important early predictor of adverse patient care outcomes and is a useful indicator to determine the quality of patient care. Available systematic reviews on missed nursing care are based mainly on primary studies from developed countries, and there is limited evidence on missed nursing care from low-middle income countries (LMICs). We propose conducting a systematic review to identify the magnitude of missed nursing care and document factors and reasons associated with this phenomenon in LMIC settings.Methods and analysis: This protocol was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct literature searching across the Ovid Medline, Embase and EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, from inception to 2021. Two independent reviewers will conduct searches and data abstraction, and discordance will be handled by discussion between both parties. The risk of bias of the individual studies will be determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Ethics and dissemination: Ethical permission is not required for this review as we will make use of already published data. We aim to publish the findings of our review in peer-reviewed journalsPROSPERO registration number:CRD42021286897 (27thOctober 2021)
Social Referral Programs for Freemium Platforms
Authors: Belo Rodrigo , Li Ting 
Published: April 2022

We examine how freemium platforms can design social referral programs to encourage growth and engagement without sacrificing revenue. On the one hand, social referral programs generate new referrals from users who would not have paid for the premium features. On the other hand, they also attract new referrals from users who would have paid but prefer to invite others, resulting in more referrals but fewer paying users. We use data from a large-scale randomized field experiment in an online dating platform to assess the effects of adding referrals programs to freemium platforms and changing the referral requirements on users’ behavior, namely, on their decisions to invite, pay, and engage with the platform. We find that introducing referral programs in freemium platforms can significantly contribute to increasing the number of referrals at the expense of revenue. Platforms can avoid the loss in revenue by reserving some premium features exclusively for paying users. We also find that increasing referral requirements in social referral programs can work as a double-edged sword. Increasing the referral threshold results in more referrals and higher total revenue. Yet these benefits appear to come at a cost. Users become less engaged, decreasing the value of the platform for all users. We explore two mechanisms that help to explain the differences in users’ social engagement. Finally, and contrary to prior findings, we find that the quality of the referrals is not affected by the referral requirements. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our research. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems. Funding: This work was funded by Fundac¸ão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/ ECO/00124/2019, UIDB/00124/2020, UIDP/00124/2020, and Social Sciences DataLab - PINFRA/22209/2016], POR Lisboa, and POR Norte [Social Sciences DataLab, PINFRA/22209/2016]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4301 .
Treating common skin conditions: psoriasis and eczema
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: April 2022

Age-related changes lead to an increase in skin problems, meaning around 80% of older people have a treatable skin condition. A study of residents in 10 German care homes found that almost every resident had at least one skin problem. Ageing and poor physical health can make it difficult for older people to care for their skin and eczema can develop. An estimated 1.8 million people in the UK have psoriasis. This inflammatory skin condition causes symptoms that range from mild to severe. Most people with psoriasis are cared for in primary care but, on occasion, may require specialist treatment. Although both conditions differ, psoriasis and eczema require meticulous skin care to reduce the risks of complications such as infection and discomfort. This article provides nurses with information about how to support people with eczema and psoriasis, how to manage these conditions and reduce the risks of complications.
Reproducible disease phenotyping at scale: Example of coronary artery disease in UK Biobank
Authors: Patel Riyaz S. , Denaxas Spiros , Howe Laurence J. , Eggo Rosalind M. , Shah Anoop D. , Allen Naomi E. , Danesh John , Hingorani Aroon , Sudlow Cathie , Hemingway Harry 
Published: April 2022

Importance
A lack of internationally agreed standards for combining available data sources at scale risks inconsistent disease phenotyping limiting research reproducibility.

Objective
To develop and then evaluate if a rules-based algorithm can identify coronary artery disease (CAD) sub-phenotypes using electronic health records (EHR) and questionnaire data from UK Biobank (UKB).

Design
Case-control and cohort study.

Setting
Prospective cohort study of 502K individuals aged 40–69 years recruited between 2006–2010 into the UK Biobank with linked hospitalization and mortality data and genotyping.

Participants
We included all individuals for phenotyping into 6 predefined CAD phenotypes using hospital admission and procedure codes, mortality records and baseline survey data. Of these, 408,470 unrelated individuals of European descent had a polygenic risk score (PRS) for CAD estimated.

Exposure
CAD Phenotypes.

Main outcomes and measures
Association with baseline risk factors, mortality (n = 14,419 over 7.8 years median f/u), and a PRS for CAD.

Results
The algorithm classified individuals with CAD into prevalent MI (n = 4,900); incident MI (n = 4,621), prevalent CAD without MI (n = 10,910), incident CAD without MI (n = 8,668), prevalent self-reported MI (n = 2,754); prevalent self-reported CAD without MI (n = 5,623), yielding 37,476 individuals with any type of CAD. Risk factors were similar across the six CAD phenotypes, except for fewer men in the self-reported CAD without MI group (46.7% v 70.1% for the overall group). In age- and sex- adjusted survival analyses, mortality was highest following incident MI (HR 6.66, 95% CI 6.07–7.31) and lowest for prevalent self-reported CAD without MI at baseline (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15–1.50) compared to disease-free controls. There were similar graded associations across the six phenotypes per SD increase in PRS, with the strongest association for prevalent MI (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.46–1.55) and the weakest for prevalent self-reported CAD without MI (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.12). The algorithm is available in the open phenotype HDR UK phenotype library (https://portal.caliberresearch.org/).

Conclusions
An algorithmic, EHR-based approach distinguished six phenotypes of CAD with distinct survival and PRS associations, supporting adoption of open approaches to help standardize CAD phenotyping and its wider potential value for reproducible research in other conditions.
Characterisation of the long-term physical and mental health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Kuodi Paul , Gorelik Yanay , Edelstein Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background
As of July 2021, there has been more than 185 million documented cases of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections and more than 4 million deaths globally. Despite more than 90% of documented cases being classified as “recovered” from SARS-CoV-2 infection, a proportion of patients reported a wide variety of persisting symptoms after the initial onset or acute phase of the infection, often referred to as “Long Covid”. As data on the symptomatology of post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection gradually becomes available, there is an urgent need to organise and synthesise the data in order to define what constitutes Long Covid and assist with its management in clinical and community settings.

Methods
This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search strategy will be developed in accordance with the Cochrane highly sensitive search guidelines. The following electronic databases will be searched for studies to include in the systematic review and meta-analysis: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Science direct, EMBASE, Mednar, Psych INFO, and EBSCOhost. Dual screening will be applied at every screening stage. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full text of potentially eligible studies following the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to select studies to include in the review. As heterogeneity is anticipated between the included studies, data will be pooled in a meta-analysis using a random effects model. A clustering analytic approach will be applied to identify symptoms groupings and assign the symptoms into clusters. R statistical software will be used for the meta-analysis. Highly heterogenous data will be synthesised narratively. The studies will be assessed, for quality using quality assessment tools appropriate for each study design. Two reviewers will independently undertake the quality of studies assessments.

Dissemination plans
Findings of the systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and presentation of findings at conferences, workshops and government and private sector stakeholder engagement meetings.

Clinical trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD4202126589. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202126589.
Opioid-related overdose and chronic use following an initial prescription of hydrocodone versus oxycodone
Authors: Weiner Scott G. , Hendricks Michelle A. , El Ibrahimi Sanae , Ritter Grant A. , Hallvik Sara E. , Hildebran Christi , Weiss Roger D. , Boyer Edward W. , Flores Diana P. , Nelson Lewis S. , Kreiner Peter W. , Fischer Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Hydrocodone and oxycodone are prescribed commonly to treat pain. However, differences in risk of opioid-related adverse outcomes after an initial prescription are unknown.
This study aims to determine the risk of opioid-related adverse events, defined as either chronic use or opioid overdose, following a first prescription of hydrocodone or oxycodone to opioid naïve patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of multiple linked public health datasets in the state of Oregon. Adult patients ages 18 and older who a) received an initial prescription for oxycodone or hydrocodone between 2015–2017 and b) had no opioid prescriptions or opioid-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits in the year preceding the prescription were followed through the end of 2018. First-year chronic opioid use was defined as ≥6 opioid prescriptions (including index) and average ≤30 days uncovered between prescriptions. Fatal or non-fatal opioid overdose was indicated from insurance claims, hospital discharge data or vital records.

Results
After index prescription, 2.8% (n = 14,458) of individuals developed chronic use and 0.3% (n = 1,480) experienced overdose. After adjustment for patient and index prescription characteristics, patients receiving oxycodone had lower odds of developing chronic use relative to patients receiving hydrocodone (adjusted odds ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.00) but a higher risk of overdose (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.65, 95% CI 1.45–1.87). Oxycodone monotherapy appears to greatly increase the hazard of opioid overdose (aHR 2.18, 95% CI 1.86–2.57) compared with hydrocodone with acetaminophen. Oxycodone combined with acetaminophen also shows a significant increase (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50), but not to the same extent.

Conclusions
Among previously opioid-naïve patients, the risk of developing chronic use was slightly higher with hydrocodone, whereas the risk of overdose was higher after oxycodone, in combination with acetaminophen or monotherapy. With a goal of reducing overdose-related deaths, hydrocodone may be the favorable agent.
Planning and Risk Analysis in Projects of Procurement of Agricultural Raw Materials for the Production of Environmentally Friendly Fuel
Authors: Tryhuba Anatoliy , Komarnitskyi Serhii , Tryhuba Inna , Hutsol Taras , Yermakov Serhii , Muzychenko Andrii , Muzychenko Tetiana , Horetska Iryna 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the method of planning the need for technical equipment of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel, which is based on simulation of work taking into account the changing design environment. During the research, the methods of simulation modeling of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel were used. The methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics were used, which provided the substantiation of models of natural-climatic and production conditions of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel. As a result of the conducted research the method and statistical simulation model of planning the need for technical equipment of projects on collecting the waste of corn for production of environmentally friendly fuel has been developed. They provided an assessment of the timely implementation of work in selected fields, taking into account the changing design environment, which leads to the risk of the specific cost of corn waste disposal. A simulated model for the collection of maize waste available for disposal, provided that the balance of organic carbon in the fields is maintained, and tested for adequacy according to the Mann-Whitney test. Based on the use of the developed simulation model, the indicators of the use of technical equipment and the trend of changing the risk of the specific cost of disposal of corn waste are substantiated. Rational scenarios for the implementation of projects for which there are no risks for a given project environment are identified.
The role of activation of two different sGC binding sites by NO‐dependent and NO‐independent mechanisms in the regulation of SACs in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kamkin Andre G. , Kamkina Olga V. , Shim Andrey L. , Bilichenko Andrey , Mitrokhin Vadim M. , Kazansky Viktor E. , Filatova Tatiana S. , Abramochkin Denis V. , Mladenov Mitko I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanoelectrical feedback (MEF) mechanism in the heart that plays a significant role in the occurrence of arrhythmias, involves cation flux through cation nonselective stretch‐activated channels (SACs). It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) can act as a regulator of MEF. Here we addressed the possibility of SAC’s regulation along NO‐dependent and NO‐independent pathways, as well as the possibility of S‐nitrosylation of SACs. In freshly isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, using the patch‐clamp method in whole‐cell configuration, inward nonselective stretch‐activated cation current ISAC was recorded through SACs, which occurs during dosed cell stretching. NO donor SNAP, α1‐subunit of sGC activator BAY41‐2272, sGC blocker ODQ, PKG blocker KT5823, PKG activator 8Br‐cGMP, and S‐nitrosylation blocker ascorbic acid, were employed. We concluded that the physiological concentration of NO in the cell is a necessary condition for the functioning of SACs. An increase in NO due to SNAP in an unstretched cell causes the appearance of a Gd3+‐sensitive nonselective cation current, an analog of ISAC, while in a stretched cell it eliminates ISAC. The NO‐independent pathway of sGC activation of α subunit, triggered by BAY41‐2272, is also important for the regulation of SACs. Since S‐nitrosylation inhibitor completely abolishes ISAC, this mechanism occurs. The application of BAY41‐2272 cannot induce ISAC in a nonstretched cell; however, the addition of SNAP on its background activates SACs, rather due to S‐nitrosylation.ODQ eliminates ISAC, but SNAP added on the background of stretch increases ISAC in addition to ODQ. This may be a result of the lack of NO as a result of inhibition of NOS by metabolically modified ODQ. KT5823 reduces PKG activity and reduces SACs phosphorylation, leading to an increase in ISAC. 8Br‐cGMP reduces ISAC by activating PKG and its phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a significant contribution of S‐nitrosylation to the regulation of SACs.
Study of changes in concrete durability during the operation of buildings
Authors: Udodov Sergey , Gura Dmitry , Charikov Grigoriy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to select the best methodologies for determining the condition of concrete structures. Semi-destructive concrete exposure methods were used to determine resistance parameters: the impact echo test to determine internal structure, the Figg test for air permeability, the initial surface adsorption test for water adsorption, titrimetric for chloride amounts, and a chemical and physical method to determine carbonation levels. In addition, two situations were simulated: a fire and a pipe burst and their impact on the condition of reinforced concrete structures. It was shown that the exposure to temperatures decreases the level of acidity, resulting in increased corrosion of steel. During a pipe burst, the amount of chlo-rides increases, which affects the reinforcement, oxidizing it. A search for possible correlation between concrete structure and carbonation, air permeability and water adsorption was also carried out. It was found that there is an almost linear dependence of these parameters on the presence of cracks, the deterioration of the structure leads to an increase in the transport properties of concrete, which becomes a danger to steel.
Hella Bars: The Cultural Inclusion of Black Women’s Rap in Insecure
Authors: Johnson Adeerya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The musical supervision of HBO’s insecure sonically maps various representations of Black women’s connections to hip-hop music as a site of autonomy, agency, and authenticity. Importantly, the variety of Black female rappers who are featured in seasons 1–3 of insecure connects nuanced and contemporary representations of Black millennial women’s understanding of Black womanhood, sex, friendship, love, and relationships. I argue that the influence of Issa Rae’s perception and connections to hip-hop and the placement of songs in insecure supports a soundtrack that takes on a hip-hop feminist approach to Black popular culture. I explore contemporary female hip-hop artist as an emerging group of rappers who support nuanced narratives and identities of Black millennial women. Furthermore, this article highlights the connectedness of Black popular culture and hip-hop feminism as an important site of representation for Black women who use hip-hop as a signifier to culture, self-expression, and identity. I recognize the importance of insecure’s soundtrack and usage of Black women in hip-hop to underline the ways hip-hop sits at the intersections of race, sexuality, and gender for Black women’s everyday lives.
Trapped in the ‘Web’: Challenges of Grade 9 Pupils in Choosing a Course to Pursue in Senior High Schools in Ghana
Authors: Addadey Justine Abla , Quansah Frank , Nugba Regina Mawusi , Ankoma-Sey Vera Rosemary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Grade 9 pupils’ choice of a course to pursue in senior high school in Ghana is a decision made at a young age usually below 16 years. Therefore, these young pupils rely on other persons for help when making such a decision. Previous research found that instead of assisting, these social agents rather interfere with this decision-making process. This study explored the challenges grade 9 pupils face in choosing courses in their transition to senior high school by seeking the views of the pupils and their teachers/counsellors using a questionnaire and interview guide. The findings showed that fathers, mothers, siblings, finances and orientation at home were the major obstacles the pupils faced when selecting a course to pursue. Other challenges found in the school setting included teacher interferences and peer distractions. The study concluded that grade 9 pupils have a great challenge from their social milieu when choosing a course to pursue at the senior high school level. The study recommended that school counsellors/heads should educate parents, guardians and teachers on how to guide pupils in choosing a course to pursue at the SHS level.
Phonotactic conditions and morphotactic transparency in Mirandese word formation
Authors: Soares Rodrigues Alexandra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper first describes the prefixation and circumfixation processes of Mirandese word formation and determines the general conditions of phonotactic correspondence between Portuguese and Mirandese. It then analyses the permeability of Mirandese to Portuguese in word formation, specifically concerning these affixation processes, and goes on to identify the specific phonological conditions that concern the allomorphy of each affix while quantifying their morphotactic transparency. Using Natural Morphology as a framework, data from this analysis demonstrate a relationship between morphotactic transparency and the actualisation of either specific allomorphic conditions or the general conditions of phonotactic correspondence.
On the absolute convergence of orthogonal series
Authors: Gogoladze Larry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the convergence of the series

∑

k
=
1

∞

|

c
k

⁢

(
f
)

|

r

⁢

γ
k

,
r

∈

(
0
,
2
)

,

\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}|c_{k}(f)|^{r}\gamma_{k},\quad r\in(0,2),

where

c
k

⁢

(
f
)

{c_{k}(f)}

are the Fourier coefficients of the function

f
∈

L
2

⁢

(

[
0
,
1
]

)

{f\in L_{2}([0,1])}

with respect to the general orthonormal system, and

(

γ
k

)

{(\gamma_{k})}

is the non-negative sequence of numbers satisfying sufficiently general conditions.
From the obtained results there follow the theorems of S. B. Stečkin, A. A. Konyuškov, B. I. Golubov, R. A. DeVore and V. N. Temlyakov.
Emotional information transmission of color in image oil painting
Authors: Tian Weifei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To enhance the emotional communication of image oil painting art and better analyze the image oil painting art, this article puts forward the research on color emotional information communication in image oil painting art. First, starting from the artistic characteristics of color and its embodiment in various oil painting art forms, this article expounds the relationship and the significance between color language and emotional expression. Then, it summarizes the development of color in image oil painting from a macro perspective and analyzes the emotional expression of color in oil painting. Finally, it discusses the color law of the oil painting art and analyzes the emotional expression of the oil painting art from two aspects: image and artistic conception. The research shows that the design method can better convey emotion and make it easier for people to understand the connotation of image oil paintings.