bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wenn es dem Körper zu viel wird
Authors: Zander Andrea , Blömker Frank , Paries Cornelia , Seyhan Harun 
Published: January 2022

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser!Hippokrates sagte einmal: „Krankheiten befallen uns nicht aus heiterem
Himmel, sondern entwickeln sich aus täglichen Sünden wider die
Natur. Wenn sich diese gehäuft haben, brechen sie unversehens
hervor.“
External Validation of Postpartum Hemorrhage Prediction Models Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Meyer Sean R. , Carver Alissa , Joo Hyeon , Venkatesh Kartik K. , Jelovsek J. Eric , Klumpner Thomas T. , Singh Karandeep 
Published: January 2022

Objective A recent study leveraging machine learning methods found that postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) can be predicted accurately at the time of labor admission in the U.S. Consortium for Safe Labor (CSL) dataset, with a C-statistic as high as 0.93. These CSL models were developed in older data (2002–2008) and used an estimated blood loss (EBL) of ≥1,000 mL to define PPH. We sought to externally validate these models using a more recent cohort of births where blood loss was measured using quantitative blood loss (QBL) methods.
Study Design Using data from 5,261 deliveries between February 1, 2019 and May 11, 2020 at a single tertiary hospital, we mapped our electronic health record (EHR) data to the 55 predictors described in previously published CSL models. PPH was defined as QBL ≥1,000 mL within 24 hours after delivery. Model discrimination and calibration of the four CSL models were measured using our cohort. In a secondary analysis, we fit new models in our study cohort using the same predictors and algorithms as the original CSL models.
Results The original study cohort had a substantially lower rate of PPH, 4.8% (7,279/228,438) versus 25% (1,321/5,261), possibly due to differences in measurement. The CSL models had lower discrimination in our study cohort, with a C-statistic as high as 0.57 (logistic regression). Models refit in our study cohort achieved better discrimination, with a C-statistic as high as 0.64 (random forest). Calibration improved in the refit models as compared with the original models.
Conclusion The CSL models' accuracy was lower in a contemporary EHR where PPH is assessed using QBL. As institutions continue to adopt QBL methods, further data are needed to understand the differences between EBL and QBL to enable accurate prediction of PPH.
Key Points
Case Series: Is Minimal Coronary Artery Disease a Prognostic Indicator in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Kakroo Shahood Ajaz , Kishore Yalampati Rama 
Published: January 2022

Background The aim of this study was to study the prognostic implications of minimal coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) in terms of mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure.
Methods One-hundred sixty-three patients with DCMP were recruited for this study. Out of these, 61.9% (n = 101; 62.4% men) patients were without associated minimal CAD and 38% (n = 62; 66.1% men) with associated minimal CAD (stenosis < 50%), and their risk factor profile was noted. These patients were followed for 30 months, with mortality being the primary endpoint, and hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation in the form of heart failure was denoted as the secondary endpoint.
Results In our study, independent significant predictors of CAD were age (p = 0.002), hypertension (p = 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and smoking (p = 0.023). The presence of minimal CAD in DCMP patients as a predictor of mortality was not significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–4.62, p = 0.303); however, it was a significant predictor of hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation (OR: 6.78, 95% CI: 2.28–20.13, p = 0.001).
Conclusions Minimal CAD was observed in 38% of DCMP patients. The risk factor profile predicting CAD in DCMP patients was the same as that of the general population. The presence of minimal CAD in DCMP patients was not associated with mortality. However, it was associated with hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation in the form of heart failure.
Caries Risk Documentation And Prevention: eMeasures For Dental Electronic Health Records
Authors: Bangar Suhasini , Neumann Ana , White Joel M. , Yansane Alfa , Johnson Todd R. , Olson Gregory W. , Kumar Shwetha V. , Kookal Krishna K. , Kim Aram , Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Mertz Elizabeth , Simmons Kristen , Mullins Joanna , Brandon Ryan , Walji Muhammad F. , Kalenderian Elsbeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Longitudinal patient level data available in the electronic health record (EHR) allows for the development, implementation, and validations of dental quality measures (eMeasures).
Objective We report the feasibility and validity of implementing two eMeasures. The eMeasures determined the proportion of patients receiving a caries risk assessment (eCRA) and corresponding appropriate risk-based preventative treatments for patients at elevated risk of caries (appropriateness of care [eAoC]) in two academic institutions and one accountable care organization, in the 2019 reporting year.
Methods Both eMeasures define the numerator and denominator beginning at the patient level, populations' specifications, and validated the automated queries. For eCRA, patients who completed a comprehensive or periodic oral evaluation formed the denominator, and patients of any age who received a CRA formed the numerator. The eAoC evaluated the proportion of patients at elevated caries risk who received the corresponding appropriate risk-based preventative treatments.
Results EHR automated queries identified in three sites 269,536 patients who met the inclusion criteria for receiving a CRA. The overall proportion of patients who received a CRA was 94.4% (eCRA). In eAoC, patients at elevated caries risk levels (moderate, high, or extreme) received fluoride preventive treatment ranging from 56 to 93.8%. For patients at high and extreme risk, antimicrobials were prescribed more frequently site 3 (80.6%) than sites 2 (16.7%) and 1 (2.9%).
Conclusion Patient-level data available in the EHRs can be used to implement process-of-care dental eCRA and AoC, eAoC measures identify gaps in clinical practice. EHR-based measures can be useful in improving delivery of evidence-based preventative treatments to reduce risk, prevent tooth decay, and improve oral health.
Phosphorus constraints to potential land area cropped under organic and regenerative systems in Australia
Authors: Rose Terry J. , Thompson-Brewster Emma , Cornish Peter S. 
Published: January 2022

Context The removal of phosphorus (P) in harvested grain and poor recycling of P creates unique concerns for farming systems that aim to reduce reliance on non-renewable fertiliser inputs, such as ‘regenerative’ farming systems, or for organic grain growers for whom synthetic P inputs are prohibited. Aims and methods We examine gross P budgets across the Australian cropping landscape and explore implications for the land area that could be potentially cropped if all P removed in harvested produce was replaced using domestic recycled P sources. Key results Major cereal, pulse and oilseed crops occupied 21.7 million ha year−1 on average from 2000 to 2018, removing around 136 274 t P year−1. The 27 200 t P in captured animal manure could only sustain around 20% of this area. A further 23%, around 4.9 million ha, could be sustained from sewage and greenwaste resources, but potential pathogens/contaminants limit their current use on organic farmland, and on other farmland when contaminant levels exceed thresholds. Conclusions Development of technologies acceptable to organic certifying agencies to extract P from sewage and greenwaste would expand available resources for organic and regenerative farming and would enable systems to move further towards closed loop nutrient cycling. Ultimately, export of grain overseas results in a large deficit between the 136 000 t P removed annually from fields and domestic recyclable P (around 74 000 t P year−1). Implications Apart from importing rock phosphate-based P or recycled P products, this deficit could only be overcome in the long term by reducing grain exports, or by reducing the concentration of P in exported grain.
The phonetic tone change *high > rising
Authors: Yang Cathryn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Previous research has proposed a direct path from consonantal effects on F0 to the development of a rising tone value. However, findings from tone change studies in Asian languages suggest an additional pathway to rising: a high tone (i.e., with a tonal target in the upper pitch range) may evolve into a rising tone. This study examines tone change pathways to rising in the Ngwi (Loloish) languages. Among the 11 Ngwi language clusters examined, a new rising tone value has unambiguously developed from an historically high tone in nine of them. In several clusters, prevocalic consonants conditioned a tone split, but in other clusters, *high > rising appears after both voiced and voiceless prevocalic consonants. The findings suggest that a high tonal target is a suprasegmental condition favorable to the development of a rising tone value, as reaching a high tonal target in connected speech frequently entails a rising contour.
Refractive index sensing of twin-core fiber based on Mach Zehnder interference and SPR effect
Authors: Meng Xiaojian , Li Shuguang , Li Jianshe , Guo Ying , Han Ying , Wang Yan , Gong Lin , Yuan Jinhui , Qiu Shi , Shen Jing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The sensing characteristics of twin-core fiber for refractive index (RI) detection are presented and experimentally investigated. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrate the manufacturing method of optical fiber sensor based on Mach Zehnder interference and surface plasmon resonance. Mode interference and resonance coupling effect are thoroughly realized with the misalignment fusion and silver mirror reaction. It is found that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 3020 nm RIU−1 in the RI ranging from 1.3333 to 1.3804, which is much higher than that of the conventional fiber sensor. Moreover, experimental data indicate that this sensor has the advantages of easy fabrication, good repeatability and good stability. According to these characteristics, we introduce one specific application of pregnancy detection to validate the application of the designed sensor in biomedical field.
Seed-assembly-mediated fabrication and application of highly branched gold nanoshells having hollow and porous morphologies
Authors: Park Tae-Hyeon , Jeong Dong-Won , Lee Jung Ho , Jang Du-Jeon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Highly branched gold nanoshells (BAuNSs) having hollow and porous morphologies have been fabricated via a seed-assembly-mediated strategy. Gold seed assemblies can be prepared by removal of SiO2 nanotemplates with help of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules, which weakly link gold nanoparticles together even after SiO2 etching. L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and AgNO3 are employed as shape-directing agents to induce the anisotropic growth of gold. BAuNSs exhibit 7.4 and 4.4 times stronger activities than SiO2@Au nanoparticles in catalysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications, respectively, due to their large surface areas and numerous hot spots. It is necessary to find the optimal amount of gold deposition in fabrication to effectively utilize the hollow and porous morpologies of BAuNSs for catalysis and SERS applications. Overgrown nanobranches can fill the nanopores and nanogaps of BAuNSs, resulting in decrease of activities in applications. Overall, the seed-assembly-mediated fabrciation can be employed to produce plasmonic nanostructures having unique morphologies and high application activities.
Electronic, optical, and catalytic properties of finite antimonene nanoribbons: first principles study
Authors: Osman Waleed , Saad Mohamed , Ibrahim Medhat , Yahia Ibrahim , Abdelsalam Hazem , Zhang Qinfang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Finite antimonene nanoribbons are investigated using density functional theory calculations. Attaching chemical groups, like COOH and OH, to the edges has been successfully attained with negligible deformation and moderate binding energy. They are semiconductors with energy gap ∼2.3 eV that slightly affected by attaching groups such as C2H5 or significantly decreases to 1.8 eV by attaching NO. The optical gaps, from 1.5 eV to 2 eV, are lower than the electronic ones which indicate the existence of excitonic transitions that appear due to the quantum confinement in the finite nanoribbons. Oxygen evolution on the edges shows better catalytic activity than on the surface due to the moderate adsorption of reaction intermediates in the former. Thus, the nanoribbons are preferable for water oxidation than the bulk antimonene. Attaching chemical groups slightly worsen the process due to the stronger adsorption of reaction intermediates. A minimum overpotential of 0.38 V has been achieved in unmodified zigzag-nanoribbons. This value in addition to the appropriate energy gap make antimonene nanoribbons excellent photocatalysts for water splitting.
The entanglement and second-order coherence function in a two-atom nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings model
Authors: Mo Chuan , Xu Kai , Zhang Guo-Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The influence of the Kerr nonlinearity on the two two-level atoms entanglement is investigated in Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM), so that one of atoms is inside the cavity field and the other atom is outside it. We show that the entanglement of atoms increases with the decrease of the phase decoherence rate or Kerr coefficient, when considering the effect of external environment. Then due to the statistic properties of the anti-bunching effect of photons are related to entanglement, the nonlinear JCM is examined theoretically to analyze the bunching or anti-bunching effect by using the second-order coherence function. We find that the second-order coherence function decreases with the Kerr coefficient. Our results show that the field reflects the stronger bunching effect with the bigger average photon number.
Resonances ρ(1450)+ and ρ(1700)+ in B → DKKdecays *
Authors: Ma Ai-Jun , Wang Wen-Fei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The contributions for the kaon pair from the intermediate states

and

in the decays

,

, and

are analyzed within the perturbative QCD factorization approach. The decay amplitudes for all concerned decays in this work are dominated by the factorizable Feynman diagrams with the emission of the kaon pair, and the charged ρ mesons should be of great importance in the

channel of the related three-body B decays. Moreover, these quasi-two-body decays are CKM-favored, and the relevant branching ratios are predicted to be in the order of

, which have the potential to be measured by experiments. It is also shown that the contributions of the subprocesses

for the three-body B meson decays are considerable according to the total three-body branching fractions presented by Belle. Therefore, the decays

,

, and

can be employed to study the properties of

and

in the LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Influence of Megaregolith on the Thermal Evolution of Mercury’s Silicate Shell
Authors: Xie Jing-Chun , Zhang Mian , Huang Cheng-Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A so-called megaregolith layer that is considered to be produced by continuous impacts in Mercury’s early stages is integrated into the thermal evolution models of Mercury to study its influence on the thermal evolution of Mercury’s silicate shell. This research first implements a one-dimensional parametric global thermal evolution model. Our results indicate that megaregolith directly affects the thermal evolution of Mercury’s silicate shell by virtue of its good insulation performance. The way megaregolith exerts its influence is by prolonging the process of partial melting and reducing the heat loss, resulting in a thicker crust and thinner stagnant lid. As for the deep parts of the silicate shell, it is suggested that more energy is taken away from the mantle due to the longer partial melting, leading to lower temperatures below the crust compared with the case in the absence of megaregolith, which further helps to advance the formation time of the inner core and promote its final size. In addition, we also carry out a simplified two-dimensional mantle convection simulation as a supplement to the one-dimensional model. The two-dimensional simulation depicts a typical mantle plume fractional melting scenario. Our calculations indicate that megaregolith may be key to the long-term volcanic activities on Mercury. As far as the megaregolith itself is concerned, the thermal structure of this particular layer is more sensitive to thermal conductivity, suggesting that for such a highly fragmented structure, the thermal conductivity coefficient plays a key role in its evolution. Our work emphasizes the importance of megaregolith to the evolution of Mercury.
Artificial intelligence-based condition monitoring and predictive maintenance framework for wind turbines
Authors: Maron Janine , Anagnostos Dimitrios , Brodbeck Bernhard , Meyer Angela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The global wind power capacity continues to grow at a fast pace. However, the profit margins from wind power are being compressed in many countries. Thus, many wind farm owners seek to reduce their operational expenses, including those for maintenance work. In this study, an artificial intelligence-based condition monitoring and predictive maintenance framework for wind turbines is presented. The purpose of this framework is the automated early detection of operational faults in wind turbine systems and subsystems. The early detection of anomalies enables further diagnosis, condition-based maintenance and better planning of repairs. It can prevent consequential damage, lead to fewer turbine downtimes and extend the service lives of the monitored turbines. We present validation results from two onshore wind farms and demonstrate 97% accuracy for a 2-month detection horizon of developing fault events that require attention from maintenance staff.
How do NEWA and ERA5 compare for assessing offshore wind resources and wind farm siting conditions?
Authors: Meyer P J , Gottschall J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In advance to the construction of a wind farm, a wind resource assessment is performed, often by the use of wind atlas data. Two widely used and publicly available numerical datasets, ERA5 and the recently created NEWA, are compared and evaluated regarding wind climatology, variability and extreme wind speeds using a comprehensive database with high quality offshore measurements. NEWA shows to be more accurate but less precise in terms of predicting mean wind speed and correlation coefficients. However, the higher temporal resolution of NEWA causes a better representation of the wind variability for the offshore sites. Extreme wind speed predictions based on both numerical datasets are underestimated on average. The spectral correction method is applied and found to be appropriate for the correction of the error in predicting the 50-year return wind speed from the numerical datasets for some sites while it fails for others.
Innovative meshless approach for shaped charges applications
Authors: Collé Anthony , Limido Jérôme , Unfer Thomas , Vila Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We focus here on modelling shaped charges. Combining large deformations, numerous interfaceproductions, and strong damage mechanisms, those events are particularly challenging from a numerical point of view. Eulerian finite element methods are classically used for such modeling.However, they induce very long computation times, accuracy losses (projection algorithms), anddifficulties with opening criteria related to jet fragmentation. Among the Lagrangian approaches, the meshless method called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) appears as a relevant alternative to prevent such shortcomings. Based on a set of moving interpolation points, it disregards any connectivity between its elements which makes it naturally well suited to handle material failure. Nevertheless, SPH schemes suffer from well-known instabilities questioning their accuracy and activating nonphysical processes,such as numerical fragmentation. Many stabilizing tools are available in the literature however, they either raise conservation and consistency issues or drastically increase the computation times. We propose then to use an alternative scheme called γ-SPH-ALE. Based on the ALE framework, it achieves robust and consistent stabilization through an arbitrary description of motion. Thanks to CFL-like conditions obtained through a nonlinear stability analysis, the scheme stability is ensured. By preventing spurious oscillations in elastic waves and correcting the so-called tensile instability, both stability and accuracy are increased regarding classical approaches. Also, taking advantage of GPU computing, such results are achieved in reduced computation times contrary to classical CPUimplementations. Its implementation on a “Viper” shaped charge shows that the scheme handles the jet generation process as well as its resulting interaction with a target.
Choosing the thermal conduction equation solution method in SPH
Authors: Rykovanov Vasiliy S , Sapozhnikov Filipp A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The set of explicit iterative schemes for parabolic problems (heat conduction as example) is reviewed. The iterative process is constructed based on algebraic polynomials (Chebyshev, Lanczos, or Legendre) properties. They combine the simplicity of explicit time-integration with the increased allowed timestep. This approach may be applied at smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations as a replacement for the popular implicit time-integration schemes, whose drawbacks might get stronger especially on SPH-like contrary to mesh-style space description.
Numerical simulation of solid-phase chemical transformations in thermite mixtures under shock-wave loading
Authors: Ivanova O V , Cherepanov R O , Zelepugin S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shock-wave loading of a steel cylindrical ampoule that contained an aluminum-copper oxide(Al/CuO) thermite mixture is simulated in three-dimensional space using the SPH method.The chemical reaction starts after the performance of the criterion on temperature or pressure.Thechemical reaction equations are integrated using the first-order Euler method.The elastic-plastic flow is calculated using the variational formulation.The numerical study of solid-phase chemical transformations in the Al/CuO thermite mixture under shock-wave loading shows that the initiation of reactions in the shock wave,further development,and completion depends significantly on the amplitude and duration of the shock wave.Sub-critical pressure pulse can lead to an incomplete reaction or incompletely compacted final product.
Chemical kinetics in a five-component air behind shock waves
Authors: Karpenko A G , Tolstoguzov S S , Volkov K N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The inuence of non-equilibrium kinetic processes on macroscopic parameters in air flows is a challenging and an important problem. Particularly, simulation of flows with high-temperature effects is important near the surface of spacecraft or meteorites when they enter the Earth’s atmosphere. Non-equilibrium flows of a reacting five-component air mixture consisting of N2, O2, NO, N, O behind a shock wave at different altitudes in the Earth’s atmosphere and different speeds of the inlet flow are investigated. The lengths of the relaxation zones are considered to evaluate the applicability of one-temperature thermodynamics model for calculating the macroscopic fluid quantities behind the shock wave. The results of the flow simulation are obtained with in-house code developed for super-and hypersonic applications. The results from the code are compared with the results of numerical calculations computed with the equilibrium thermodynamics model