bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health crisis in Somalia: a review and a way forward
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Rizwan H. , Afzal M. , Malik Mamunur Rahman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Somalia has been without an effective government since the collapse of the military regime in 1991. Years of conflict, disasters, and insecurity have all contributed to very low scores for most health indicators due to poor governance, protracted conflict, underdevelopment, economic decline, poverty, social and gender inequality, and environmental degradation. The three-decade long protracted conflict has led to widespread psychosocial trauma, social deprivation and substance abuse with devastating consequences on mental health. A WHO study showed Somalia has one of the highest rates of mental illness in the world. The main aim of this study is to assist policy makers in setting priorities for the design and delivery of interventions to promote mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in Somalia.

Methods
The study uses a systematic mapping technique (from January 1991 to May 2020) and data collected from public domain, to collect, collate, and present mental health data mainly from WHO’s Global Health Observatory. Since there is no primary database for Somalia’s public health research, the bibliographic databases used for mental health in this study included Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted using techniques for web data mining for public health.

Results
Systematic mapping of mental health-related issues in Somalia showed that policy-related determinants and mental health services dominated (74.4%), followed by the disaster-related determinants and women’s health consequences (39.3%). The ratio of the number of beds for mental health in general hospitals (per 100,000 population) in Somalia in 2017 is 0.5 compared to the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) at 6.4 and globally at 24. One of the biggest casualties of the civil war was loss of essential human resources in healthcare as most either fled the country or were part of the victims of the war.

Conclusions
The vast scale of the mental health problems in Somalia and the priority setting guidelines for interventions to address the issues outlined in this paper, prompt a dire need that the Somali government and its national/international partners should prioritize and emphasize the need to invest in the prevention and the treatment of mental illness across the country.
Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ali Zaheer , Vildevall Malin , Rodriguez Gabriela Vazquez , Tandiono Decky , Vamvakaris Ioannis , Evangelou Georgios , Lolas Georgios , Syrigos Konstantinos N. , Villanueva Alberto , Wick Michael , Omar Shenga , Erkstam Anna , Schueler Julia , Fahlgren Anna , Jensen Lasse D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate predictions of tumor dissemination risks and medical treatment outcomes are critical to personalize therapy. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcomes, but methods for predicting tumor invasiveness and early stages of vascular/lymphatic dissemination are still lacking. Here we show that a zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) platform based on implantation of PDX tissue fragments recapitulate both treatment outcome and tumor invasiveness/dissemination in patients, within an assay time of only 3 days.

Methods
Using a panel of 39 non-small cell lung cancer PDX models, we developed a combined mouse-zebrafish PDX platform based on direct implantation of cryopreserved PDX tissue fragments into zebrafish embryos, without the need for pre-culturing or expansion. Clinical proof-of-principle was established by direct implantation of tumor samples from four patients.

Results
The resulting ZTX models responded to Erlotinib and Paclitaxel, with similar potency as in mouse-PDX models and the patients themselves, and resistant tumors similarly failed to respond to these drugs in the ZTX system. Drug response was coupled to elevated expression of EGFR, Mdm2, Ptch1 and Tsc1 (Erlotinib), or Nras and Ptch1 (Paclitaxel) and reduced expression of Egfr, Erbb2 and Foxa (Paclitaxel). Importantly, ZTX models retained the invasive phenotypes of the tumors and predicted lymph node involvement of the patients with 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity, which was superior to clinically used tests. The biopsies from all four patient tested implanted successfully, and treatment outcome and dissemination were quantified for all patients in only 3 days.

Conclusions
We conclude that the ZTX platform provide a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant system for evaluation of treatment outcome and invasion/dissemination of PDX models, providing an attractive platform for combined mouse-zebrafish PDX trials and personalized medicine.
Small RNAs mediate transgenerational inheritance of genome-wide trans-acting epialleles in maize
Authors: Cao Shuai , Wang Longfei , Han Tongwen , Ye Wenxue , Liu Yang , Sun Yi , Moose Stephen P. , Song Qingxin , Chen Z. Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hybridization and backcrossing are commonly used in animal and plant breeding to induce heritable variation including epigenetic changes such as paramutation. However, the molecular basis for hybrid-induced epigenetic memory remains elusive.

Results
Here, we report that hybridization between the inbred parents B73 and Mo17 induces trans-acting hypermethylation and hypomethylation at thousands of loci; several hundreds (~ 3%) are transmitted through six backcrossing and three selfing generations. Notably, many transgenerational methylation patterns resemble epialleles of the nonrecurrent parent, despite > 99% of overall genomic loci are converted to the recurrent parent. These epialleles depend on 24-nt siRNAs, which are eliminated in the isogenic hybrid Mo17xB73:mop1-1 that is defective in siRNA biogenesis. This phenomenon resembles paramutation-like events and occurs in both intraspecific (Mo17xB73) and interspecific (W22xTeosinte) hybrid maize populations. Moreover, siRNA abundance and methylation levels of these epialleles can affect expression of their associated epigenes, many of which are related to stress responses.

Conclusion
Divergent siRNAs between the hybridizing parents can induce trans-acting epialleles in the hybrids, while the induced epigenetic status is maintained for transgenerational inheritance during backcross and hybrid breeding, which alters epigene expression to enhance growth and adaptation. These genetic and epigenetic principles may apply broadly from plants to animals.
Treatment via oral midodrine in a patient with prolonged hypotension following carotid artery stenting: a case report
Authors: Jenab Yaser , Hosseini Kaveh , Abtahi-Eivary Seyed-Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypotension and bradycardia are common hemodynamic complications following carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Intravenous fluid resuscitation and inotropes such as dopamine are conventional treatments for post-carotid artery stenting hypotension. However, in case of resistant hypotension, there is no clear treatment method. In this report, while intravenous fluid and inotropes did not resolve the patient’s hypotension, oral midodrine treated post-carotid artery stenting hypotension.

Case presentation
In this report, we present an 82-year-old Caucasian man complaining of a single episode of unilateral visual loss. The patient had left internal carotid artery stenosis and underwent carotid artery stenting. After the procedure, he developed prolonged post-carotid artery stenting hypotension, which was resistant to intravenous fluids and inotropes but immediately showed a promising response to oral midodrine.

Conclusion
Oral midodrine can be considered in treatment of post-carotid artery stenting hemodynamic complications.
An improved denoising method for eye blink detection using automotive millimeter wave radar
Authors: Shu Yuhong , Wang Yong , Yang Xiaobo , Tian Zengshan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the development of radar technology, the automotive millimeter wave radar is widely applied in the fields including internet of vehicles, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based autonomous driving, health monitoring, etc. Eye blink, as one of the most common human activities, can effectively reflect the person’s consciousness and fatigue. The contacted eye blink detection often leads to uncomfortable experience and the camera-based eye blink detection has privacy issues. As an alternative, the non-contacted eye blink detection based on automotive millimeter wave radar resolves the aforementioned issues and has been received much attention. This paper proposes an eye blink detection method using the frequency modulated continuous wave radar. Firstly, the position of the person’s head is estimated by carrying out fast Fourier transform on the intermediate frequency signal, and the signals of the range bins at the head are extracted. Then, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm is applied to decompose the eye signals into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and the singular value decomposition is adopted to constrain the selection and reconstruction of the useful IMFs related to the eye blink signal. Finally, the short-time Fourier transformation and cell average constant false alarm rate are applied to detect the eye blink behavior. Experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed eye blink detection method.
The impact of climate change awareness on behavioral changes in Germany: changing minds or changing behavior?
Authors: Venghaus Sandra , Henseleit Meike , Belka Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events across the globe, the intensifying international debates about the political urgency to mitigate climate change, as well as the respective more action demanding social movements have caused a significant increase in climate change awareness among the population. Little research, however, has systematically analyzed the behavioral impact of this development. Using Germany as a case study, we therefore scrutinize whether the recent increase in climate change awareness triggered mainly changes in public perceptions concerning environmental and sustainability issues or whether it has led to sustainable behavioral shifts. Based on previous research, we considered two routes through which an increase in climate change awareness can instigate changes: (a) directly by leading to behavioral changes towards more sustainable consumption decisions, or (b) indirectly by exerting pressure on the political process.

Results
The analyzed data in the three consumption sectors of mobility, food consumption and housing confirm the continuing prevalence of an attitude–behavior gap: although there is a broad, strongly positive attitude towards climate protection and increasingly high problem awareness of climate change, so far this attitude does not immediately translate into notable behavioral changes. With regard to effects on political agenda setting, however, the effects are much more immediate. The results confirm strong pressure on the political process mainly through shifts in voter behavior.

Conclusions
The results show that the increase in climate change awareness has spurred dynamics in the debate around climate change both among the population and in the political realm. Fueled by the intense media coverage of the Fridays For Future movement and related activities, a snowball effect has been set off, opening a window of opportunity for significant shifts towards more effective and rigorous climate policies. Politicians and decision-makers now have the opportunity to implement sustainability measures with strong support of the population, even if these imply higher costs. Whether there will be further shifts in the current lifestyle towards a more sustainable one, lifestyle changes should be carefully monitored in the coming years, as relevant data are only now becoming available.
Insights into the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and metagenomic analysis of the broiler intestinal microbiota
Authors: Yin Dafei , Wang Youli , Wang Liqun , Wu Yuqin , Bian Xiaoyi , Aggrey Samuel E. , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens.

Methods
Newly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens.

Results
Pasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens.

Conclusions
Storage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea.
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibitor and proteasome inhibitor combination therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Haney Staci L. , Varney Michelle L. , Williams Jacob T. , Smith Lynette M. , Talmon Geoffrey , Holstein Sarah A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy, despite the advent of therapies such as proteosome inhibitors (PIs) that disrupt protein homeostasis and induce ER stress. We have pursued inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) as a novel mechanism by which to target protein homeostasis in MM cells. GGDPS inhibitors (GGSI) disrupt Rab geranylgeranylation, which in turn results in perturbation of Rab-mediated protein trafficking, leading to accumulation of intracellular monoclonal protein, induction of ER stress and apoptosis. Our lead GGSI, RAM2061, has demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo efficacy. Here we sought to evaluate if combination therapy with GGSI and PI would result in enhanced disruption of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increase anti-MM efficacy.

Methods
MTT assays were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of combining RAM2061 with bortezomib in human MM cells. The effects of RAM2061 and/or PI (bortezomib or carfilzomib) on markers of UPR and apoptosis were evaluated by a combination of immunoblot (ATF4, IRE1, p-eIF2a, cleaved caspases and PARP), RT-PCR (ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, PERK, IRE1) and flow cytometry (Annexin-V). Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) was assessed by immunoblot (HMGB1 release) and flow cytometry (calreticulin translocation). Cell assays were performed using both concurrent and sequential incubation with PIs. To evaluate the in vivo activity of GGSI/PI, a flank xenograft using MM.1S cells was performed.

Results
Isobologram analysis of cytotoxicity data revealed that sequential treatment of bortezomib with RAM2061 has a synergistic effect in MM cells, while concurrent treatment was primarily additive or mildly antagonistic. The effect of PIs on augmenting RAM2061-induced upregulation of UPR and apoptotic markers was dependent on timing of the PI exposure. Combination treatment with RAM2061 and bortezomib enhanced activation of ICD pathway markers. Lastly, combination treatment slowed MM tumor growth and lengthened survival in a MM xenograft model without evidence of off-target toxicity.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that GGSI/PI treatment can potentiate activation of the UPR and apoptotic pathway, as well as induce upregulation of markers associated with the ICD pathway. Collectively, these findings lay the groundwork for future clinical studies evaluating combination GGSI and PI therapy in patients with MM.
Learning in digital play: a dual case study of video gamers’ independent play
Authors: Toh Weimin , Lim Fei Victor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the implications of youths’ out-of-school gaming practices for teaching and learning in formal and informal learning contexts. We report on a study where we examined the video game play of two youths using a case study approach. User experience approaches, e.g. the think-aloud protocol and interviews, were grounded in the theoretical framework of social semiotics to analyse the gameplay videos and to discuss the implications for the youths’ learning. The paper contends that youths are demonstrating critical thinking, empathy, and multimodal literacy through their gameplay. We offer suggestions for how adults can use video games for youths’ learning.
Association of CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H genetic variants with risk of sporadic colorectal cancer in a sample of Egyptian patients
Authors: Elhady Ghada M. , Elnaggar Mostafa A. , Desouky Lubna M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent research proposed an association between functional defects involving CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H variants and increased incidence of several types of cancer. A total of 86 unrelated colorectal cancer patients attending the Surgical Oncology Department were recruited in the study. The second group of 152 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers were included as controls. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for genotyping. Chi-square test was applied to compare genotype and allele frequencies in the studied groups. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H polymorphisms and colorectal cancer.

Results
No significant differences in genotypes were detected between cases and controls in the present study for both CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H polymorphisms (χ2 = 1.839; P = 0.399/χ2 = 2.831; P = 0.243), respectively. Likewise, discrepancies in allele frequency for the wild-type or mutant alleles were non-statistically significant in CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H (χ2 = 1.231; P = 0.267/χ2 = 0.180; P = 0.671), respectively.

Conclusions
Results of the current study propose that CHEK2 I157T and SULT1A1 R213H polymorphisms are not associated with CRC development in Egyptian population. Further future studies on the functional implications of these polymorphisms are strongly recommended.
Reconceptualising the treatment gap for common mental disorders: a fork in the road for global mental health?
Authors: Roberts Tessa , Miguel Esponda Georgina , Torre Costanza , Pillai Pooja , Cohen Alex , Burgess Rochelle A. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn this analysis, we argue that the ‘treatment gap’ for common mental disorders often reflects lack of demand, arising because services fail to address the needs of disadvantaged communities. We propose a route forward for global mental health, with explicit focus on action on the socioeconomic determinants of psychological suffering.
Observation of heavy-ion like phenomena in high-multiplicity p+p collisions at LHC energies
Authors: Dey Kalyan , Mishra A. N. , Tripathy S. K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Suppression of inclusive hadron yields in nuclear systems with respect to the elementary

collisions is believed to be caused by the jet quenching. The quantification of the jet quenching via the nuclear modification factor is difficult to conceive in small systems since it is influenced by several experimental factors such as the estimation of the centrality and the scaling factor. In this article we propose an alternate approach to address this issue and explore the possibility of measuring jet quenching in a high-multiplicity

system using the Pythia8 event generator. We have used a novel approach to estimate the high-multiplicity class in

systems, and the results from the standard method of multiplicity class determination are also presented. Results from this investigation qualitatively show the existence of heavy-ion like behavior in high-multiplicity

collisions which is mainly contributed by the Color Reconnection mechanism.
Outcomes of Initial Management Strategies in Patients With Autoimmune Lymphocytic Hypophysitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Donegan Diane , Saeed Zeb , Delivanis Danae A , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Honegger Juergen , Amereller Felix , Oguz Seda Hanife , Erickson Dana , Bancos Irina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContextLymphocytic hypophysitis (LyHy) is characterized by inflammation of the pituitary and or neuroinfundibulum and is uncommon. Treatment options include observation, high-dose glucocorticoids (HD-GCs) or surgery. Optimal first-line management strategy, however, remains unknown.ObjectiveThis work aimed to assess response to first-line treatment options (observation, HD-GCs, or surgery) of clinically relevant outcomes (symptomatic, hormonal, and radiographic improvement) among patients with LyHy.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in 6 databases through 2020. Meta-analysis was conducted when feasible using a random-effects model.ResultsWe included 33 studies reporting on 591 patients (423 women, 72%) with LyHy. Improvement/resolution of anterior pituitary dysfunction was highest when HD-GCs was first-line treatment. Surgery was associated with the greatest proportion of patients who had regression on imaging. Subgroup analysis comparing HD-GCs to observation showed the odds of anterior pituitary hormone recovery (OR 3.41; 95% CI, 1.68-6.94) or radiographic regression (OR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.54-6.36) were higher with HD-GCs, but so was the need for additional forms of treatment (OR 4.37; 95% CI, 1.70-11.22). No statistically significant difference was seen in recovery of diabetes insipidus (OR 0.9; 95% CI, 0.26-3.10). Certainty in these estimates was very low.ConclusionObservation and use of HD-GCs both are successful first-line management strategies in LyHy. Although use of HD-GCs was associated with increased recovery of anterior pituitary hormone deficit, it also was associated with greater likelihood of additional treatment after withdrawal. Optimal dosing and duration of HD-GCs remains unknown.