bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clearing the air: underestimation of youth smoking prevalence associated with proxy-reporting compared to youth self-report
Authors: Barrett Eden M. , Maddox Raglan , Thandrayen Joanne , Banks Emily , Lovett Raymond , Heris Christina , Thurber Katherine A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Smoking remains a leading cause of disease burden globally. Declining youth smoking prevalence is an essential feature of effective tobacco control; however, accurate data are required to assess progress. This study investigates bias in youth smoking prevalence estimates by respondent type (proxy-reported, self-report with parent present, or self-report independently) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and total populations of Australia.

Methods
Repeated cross-sectional analysis of representative Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and National Health Surveys, 2007–2019. Data were restricted to participants aged 15–17 years. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for ever-smoking by respondent type were calculated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. National youth current-smoking prevalence was estimated if all data were collected by youth self-report; estimates and trends were compared to observed estimates.

Results
Over 75% of all smoking status data were reported by proxy or with parent present. Ever-smoking prevalence among youth self-reporting independently versus proxy-reported was 1.29 (95% CI:0.96–1.73) to 1.99 (95% CI:1.39–2.85) times as high for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, and 1.83 (95% CI:0.92–3.63) to 2.72 (95% CI:1.68–4.41) times as high for total population youth. Across surveys, predicted national current-smoking prevalence if all youth self-reported independently was generally higher than observed estimate.

Conclusions
Estimates of youth smoking prevalence are likely inaccurate and underestimated if data are collected by proxy or with parent present. Increased reliance on data reported by youth independently is crucial to improve data accuracy, including to enable accurate assessment of national prevalence.
The short-term effect of a modified comprehensive geriatric assessment and regularly case conferencing on neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing homes: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Stensvik Geir-Tore , Helvik Anne-Sofie , Haugan Gørill , Steinsbekk Aslak , Salvesen Øyvind , Nakrem Sigrid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
To investigate the short-term effect of implementing a modified comprehensive geriatric assessment and regularly case conferencing in nursing homes on neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Background
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and may persist over time in nursing home residents. Evidence of effective interventions is scarce.

Design
A parallel cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Methods
The intervention was monthly standardised case conferencing in combination with a modified comprehensive geriatric assessment. The control group received care as usual.
Main outcome measure.
The total score on the short version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q, 12-items).

Results
A total of 309 residents at 34 long-term care wards in 17 nursing homes (unit of randomisation) were included. The intervention care units conducted on average two case conference-meetings (range 1–3), discussing a mean of 4.8 (range 1–8) residents. After 3 months, there were no difference of NPI-Q total score between the intervention (-0.4) and the control group (0.5) (estimated mean difference = -1.0, 95% CI -2.4 to 0.5, p = 0.19). There was a difference in favour of the intervention group on one of the secondary outcome measures, the apathy symptoms (-0.5 95% CI: -0.9 to -0.1, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
In this study there were no short-term effect of case conferencing and modified comprehensive geriatric assessments after three months on the total score on neuropsychiatric symptoms. The intervention group had less apathy at 3 months follow-up compared to those receiving care as usual. The findings suggest that a more comprehensive intervention is needed to improve the total Neuropsychiatric symptoms burden and complex symptoms.

Trial registration
Due to delays in the organisation, the study was registered after study start, i.e. retrospectively in Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02790372 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/; Date of clinical trial registration: 03/06/2016.
Prevalence patterns and associated factors of elder abuse in an urban slum of eastern India
Authors: Chandanshive Pradnya , Subba Sonu H. , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Mishra Shree 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of elder abuse in various parts of the world has been reported between 2.2 and 90.4%. According to some studies conducted in India, elder abuse prevalence ranges between 9.6 to 61.7%. Yet, elder abuse is an underreported issue. Most available evidence shows the involvement of close family members and caregivers in the abuse of older adults. Several factors associated with various forms of elder abuse need to be studied further. This study has attempted to capture the prevalence, pattern and associated factors of elder abuse in urban slums.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted between August 2019 to August 2020 in an urban field practice area of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. It covers four wards of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation, served by the Urban Primary Health Centre, IRC Village, Nayapalli. A total of 360 participants aged 60 years and above were included in this study. They were interviewed using various semi-structured interview schedules. Validated study tools such as Activities of Daily Living (ADL- Barthel Index), Hindi Mental Scale Examination (HMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) were also used to assess various factors.ResultsApproximately one in five (19.4%) older adults reported some form of abuse. The types of elder abuse reported were physical abuse in 12 (3.3%), verbal abuse in 25 (6.9%), emotional abuse in 40 (11.1%), and financial abuse in 15 (4.2%) older adult participants. The sons and daughters-in-law of the older adult participants were the main perpetrators of abuse reported. Depression and past history of abuse were found significantly associated with any type of abuse.ConclusionsThe prevalence of elder abuse in this study was considerably high, with 70 (19.4%) out of the 360 participants reporting some form of abuse. Emotional abuse was the most reported, and physical abuse was the least reported type. The most common perpetrators were those on whom the older adults depended, like their sons and daughters-in-law.
A case report of drug-induced liver injury after tigecycline administration: histopathological evidence and a probable causality grading as assessed by the updated RUCAM diagnostic scale
Authors: Shi Xiaoping , Lao Donghui , Xu Qing , Li Xiaoyu , Lv Qianzhou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There have been no reports of tigecycline-associated drug-related liver injury (DILI) identified by histopathological assistance and causal assessment method. We reported the histopathological manifestations for the first time and described tigecycline-associated liver injury’s pattern, severity, duration, and outcome.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old male with post-liver transplantation was given high-dose tigecycline intravenously (loading dose 200 mg, followed by 100 mg every 12 h) combined with polymyxin B (50,000 units by aerosol inhalation every 12 h) for hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the same time, tacrolimus was discontinued. Liver function was initially normal but started to decline on day 4 of tigecycline. Reducing the dose of tigecycline and resuming tacrolimus could not reverse the deterioration. Therefore, a liver puncture biopsy was performed for further diagnosis, with histopathological findings being cytotoxic injury. The updated RUCAM scale was used to evaluate the causal relationship between tigecycline and liver injury, with the result of 7 points indicating a “probable” causality grading. Methylprednisolone was initiated to treat DILI that was determined to be Grade 1 cholestatic injury. Total bilirubin and transaminase levels returned to normal on day 4 and 11 after tigecycline withdrawal, respectively. Monthly outpatient follow-up showed that the patient’s liver function stayed normal.

Conclusions
This case possessed a significant reference value for differential diagnosis and treatment prognosis of tigecycline-associated DILI. With early diagnosis and timely management, the tigecycline-associated DILI of this patient was successfully reversed.
A rare case of extraintestinal amebiasis
Authors: Fu Bao , Wang Jinjing , Fu Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a rare infectious disease in developed countries. If the trophozoites enter the blood, it can spread through the body, such as brain, and lungs. Cases of simultaneous infection of multiple organs are extremely rare.

Case presentation
Here we report a case of simultaneous infection of amoeba in pulmonary pleura, urinary system and central nervous system. Although the patient received anti amoeba treatment, the prognosis of the patient was poor.

Conclusions
In this patient, multiple extraintestinal amebic infections in the absence of clinically confirmed intestinal amebiasis or amebic liver abscess are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. The disseminated amebiasis has significantly increased the mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may reduce the mortality of disseminated amebiasis.
Associations between physical activity levels and renal recovery following acute kidney injury stage 3: a feasibility study
Authors: Asad Anam , Thomas Amal , Dungey Maurice , Hull Katherine L. , March Daniel S. , Burton James O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease, which results in poor long-term outcomes. There is plausibility that increased levels of physical activity may promote renal recovery post-AKI. This study aimed to investigate associations between physical activity levels and renal recovery following stage 3 AKI, and to assess the feasibility of measuring physical activity levels in this population.

Methods
Forty One hospitalised patients with AKI stage 3 were enrolled. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were collected at 12 months prior to the development of AKI, during the hospital admission when the episode of AKI stage 3 occurred, and at 1-, 3- and 6-months post discharge. All participants completed the General Practice Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) to assess physical activity levels. A pedometer was also worn for 7 days immediately following discharge and at 6-months post discharge to ascertain an average daily step count. Feasibility outcomes including eligibility, recruitment and retention rates, and losses to follow up were also assessed.

Results
The average (± SD) baseline eGFR and median (IQR) serum creatinine was 71 ± 20 mL/min/1.73m2 and 85 (49) μmol/L respectively. A threefold increase in creatinine occurred during hospitalisation 436 (265) μmol/L. Greatest renal recovery occurred prior to discharge, with recovery continuing for a further three months. Inactive individuals (low GPPAQ scores) had consistently higher serum creatinine values compared to those who were active: 1 months 122 (111) μmol/L vs 70 (0) μmol/L, 6 months 112 (57) μmol/L vs 68 (0) μmol/L. Individuals with higher step counts also displayed better renal recovery 6-months post discharge (r = -0.600, p = 0.208).

Conclusions
Higher levels of physical activity are associated with improved renal recovery after 6- months following an episode of stage 3 AKI. A future randomised controlled trial is feasible and would be required to confirm these initial findings.
Godtfredsen syndrome – recurrent clival chondrosarcoma with 6 years follow up: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wai Yong Zheng , Chong Yong Yuin , Dusa Noraini Mohd , Lai Yin Peng , Lim Lik Thai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We report a rare case of Godtfredsen syndrome caused by clival chondrosarcoma and perform a review of literatures. This article also explains the clinico-anatomical correlation of this rare neurological syndrome.

Case presentation
A 22-year-old gentleman presented with binocular diplopia. Clinical examination revealed an isolated right abducent nerve and right hypoglossal nerve palsy, with other cranial nerves intact.
Neuroimaging revealed a right clival mass. Supraorbital craniotomy and tumour debulking were done in the same year. Histopathological examination showed low-grade chondrosarcoma.
After 5-years of default, he came back with the tumour enlarged. He underwent a right orbitozygomatic craniotomy and tumour excision with 33 cycles of radiotherapy.
Despite two surgeries and radiotherapy, the abducent nerve and hypoglossal nerve did not improve throughout 6 years of follow-up. Cranial nerve VI palsy is not always a false localizing sign, in Godtfredsen syndrome it serves as a localizing sign.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Godtfredsen Syndrome secondary to clival chondrosarcoma. Cranial nerve VI and XII palsy with no involvement of other cranial nerves, most likely the pathology is located at the clivus.
Intraoperative rupture of intracerebral aneurysm immediately after meningioma resection: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Shingo , Kobayashi Masaaki , Ichinose Toshiya , Oikawa Nozomu , Kinoshita Masashi , Yoshikawa Akifumi , Uchiyama Naoyuki , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Meningiomas and unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) rarely coexist. However, the treatment strategy remains to be fully elucidated. This report is a first report that UCA related to the tumor feeder intraoperatively ruptured when the meningioma was resected.

Case presentation
Herein, we present a case of meningioma coexisting with contralateral UCA related to a tumor feeder. Immediately after the meningioma was resected, intraoperative acute brain swelling due to rupture of the contralateral aneurysm appeared. The swollen brain protruding into the epidural space was resected, following contralateral ruptured aneurysm was performed by endovascular surgery. Intensive neurological treatment was administered and the patient gradually recovered.

Conclusion
This report highlights the possibility of intraoperative UCA rupture related to the tumor feeder when the meningioma is resected.
Group Clinical Supervision for midwives and burnout: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Catling Christine , Donovan Helen , Phipps Hala , Dale Simeon , Chang Sungwon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There are major shortfalls in the midwifery workforce which has been exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. Midwives have high levels of burnout and many, often early career midwives, are planning to leave the profession. There are reports of a poor workplace culture in maternity units, including bullying. Support is essential for the welfare of the workforce to be able to cope with the demands of their jobs. Supportive strategies, such as Clinical Supervision, a recognised approach in healthcare, enable reflection in a facilitated, structured way, and can enhance professional standards. The purpose of this research is to study burnout levels in midwives, those exiting their workplace and perceptions of workplace culture in relation to access to, and attendance of, monthly Clinical Supervision.

Methods
This study will be a cluster randomised controlled trial of maternity sites within Sydney and the surrounding districts. Twelve sites will be recruited and half will receive monthly Clinical Supervision for up to two years. Midwives from all sites will be requested to complete 6-monthly surveys comprising validated measurement tools: the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Australian Midwifery Workplace Culture (AMWoC) tool and the Clinical Supervision Evaluation Questionnaire (CSEQ) (the latter for intervention sites only). Primary outcomes are the levels of burnout in midwives (using the CBI). Secondary outcomes will be the quality of the intervention (using the CSEQ), perceptions of workplace culture (using the AMWoC tool) and midwives’ intention to stay in their role/profession, as well as sick leave rates and numbers of exiting staff. We will also determine the dose effect – ie the impact in relation to how many Clinical Supervision sessions the midwives have attended, as well as other supportive workplace strategies such as mentoring/coaching on outcomes.

Discussion
Through attending monthly Clinical Supervision we hypothesise that midwives will report less burnout and more positive perceptions of workplace culture than those in the control sites. The potential implications of which are a productive workforce giving high quality care with the flow-on effect of having physically and psychologically well women and their babies.

Trial registration
The ACTRN Registration number is ACTRN12621000545864p, dated 10/05/2021,
Developing a risk score for undiagnosed prediabetes or type 2 diabetes among Saharawi refugees in Algeria
Authors: Henjum Sigrun , Hjellset Victoria Telle , Andersen Eivind , Flaaten Merete Øyaland , Morseth Marianne S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
To prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and reduce the risk of complications, early identification of people at risk of developing T2D, preferably through simple diabetes risk scores, is essential. The aim of this study was to create a risk score for identifying subjects with undiagnosed prediabetes or T2D among Saharawi refugees in Algeria and compare the performance of this score to the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria in 2014. A total of 180 women and 175 men were included. HbA1c and cut-offs proposed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were used to define cases. Variables to include in the risk score were determined by backwards elimination in logistic regression. Simplified scores were created based on beta coefficients from the multivariable model after internal validation with bootstrapping and shrinkage. The empirical cut-off value for the simplified score and FINDRISC was determined by Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) analysis.

Results
Variables included in the final risk score were age, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. The area under the curve (AUC) (C.I) was 0.82 (0.76, 0.88). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 89, 65, 28, and 97%, respectively. AUC and sensitivity were slightly higher and specificity somewhat lower than for FINDRISC.

Conclusions
The risk score developed is a helpful tool to decide who should be screened for prediabetes or T2D by blood sample analysis. The performance of the risk score was adequate based on internal validation with bootstrap analyses, but should be confirmed in external validation studies.
Is unrestricted weight bearing immediately after fixation of rotationally unstable pelvic fractures safe?
Authors: Poole William E. C. , Neilly David W. , Rickman Mark S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Rotationally unstable pelvic fractures treated with surgical fixation have traditionally been treated with restricted weight bearing on the affected side for 6–8 weeks post operatively.
We have been developing pelvic fixation standards to allow for unrestricted weight bearing immediately post operatively in type B rotationally unstable pelvic fractures.

Aims
To assess for safety and efficacy of allowing unrestrictive weight bearing in this cohort of patients, we have clinically and radiologically monitored outcomes up to two years post operatively.

Methods
Through retrospective review, two cohorts of patients with Tile Type B pelvic fractures were identified that were treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia.
Patient demographics, injury classification, surgical fixation and weight bearing status post operatively was recorded.
One cohort of patients was allowed to fully weight bear post operatively, whilst the other was treated with 6 weeks of restricted post op weight bearing.
At clinical follow up, post-operative x-rays were assessed for loss of reduction, screw or plate breakage and reoperation.

Results
Between January 2018 and January 2021, 53 patients with rotationally unstable pelvic fractures that underwent surgical fixation were included in this study.
One group of patents were allowed to immediately weight bear as tolerated (WBAT) post operatively (n = 28) and the other with restricted weightbearing (RWB) (n = 25).
There was 1 re operation for failure of fixation in each group.
Metalwork breakage was more common in the WBAT group than in the RWB group and this was seen only in APC fractures. This increase in metalwork failure was not associated with loss of reduction.

Conclusions
With surgical fixation, Tile type B rotationally unstable pelvic fractures can be allowed immediate weight bearing post operatively.
We found this to be safe and effective, employing surgical strategies to address both anterior and posterior injuries to allow immediate unrestricted weight bearing.
Broken metalwork was more commonly seen in the WBAT group but this was not associated with loss of reduction or reoperation.
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture accompanied with thoracolumbar fascial injury: risk factors and the association with residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Luo Yang , Jiang Tianyu , Guo Hui , Lv Faqin , Hu Ying , Zhang Lihai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore the risk factors involved in the induction of thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) injury by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF), and the association between the residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and fascial injury.

Methods
A total of 81 patients with single-segment OVCF, treated between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. The patients were grouped according to the existence of TLF injury. The patients’ general, clinical, and imaging data were accessed.

Results
There were 47 patients in the TLF group and 34 in the non-injury group (NTLF group). In the TLF group, BMI (Body mass index) was significantly lower, while the prevalence of hypertension and sarcopenia were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The vertebral compression degree was higher, and the kyphosis angle of the injured vertebra was greater in the TLF group (P < 0.05). Cobb’s angle was not significantly different between groups. At 3-d after the operation, the VAS (Visual analogue scale) was 4.64 ± 1.78 and 3.00 ± 1.71, and the ODI (Oswestry disability index) was 67.44 ± 11.37% and 56.73 ± 10.59% in TLF and NTLF group, respectively (P < 0.05). However, at 3-m after the operation, the differences in the VAS score and the ODI between groups were not statistically significant. The area of fascial edema was not significantly associated with the pre- and post-operative VAS or ODI, but was positively correlated with the vertebral body compression degree (R = 0.582, P = 0. 029).

Conclusion
Residual back pain after PVP is associated with TLF injury. Low BMI, hypertension and sarcopenia are risk factors of TLF injury, and sarcopenia may be the major factor.