bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commerce et industrie dans le Rhin supérieur entre la fin du Moyen Âge et le milieu du XVIe siècle
Authors: Bourgeois David 
Published: March 2022

À Bâle, Ville à l’influence économique certaine dans le sud de la Haute-Alsace, les évolutions institutionnelles engagées dès le XIVe siècle permirent un développement de ses corporations et de l’ensemble des milieux d’affaires qui y animaient des échanges toujours plus nombreux. Les individualités et les familles bourgeoises et du patriciat bourgeois occupèrent une position hégémonique dans l’économie de la ville, parfois aux dépens de l’artisanat.Cette position fut renforcée à la faveur de phénomènes successifs. L’importance économique du concile de Bâle dopa les marchands de la ville tandis que certains eurent suffisamment d’intuition pour tenter des aventures préindustrielles. Ainsi, l’industrie du papier se développa durablement sur les rives du Rhin et les hommes d’affaires de la ville pressentirent dans les montagnes vosgiennes et la Forêt-Noire des potentiels miniers lucratifs. Leurs capitaux permirent d’y explorer de nombreux filons au cours de la seconde moitié du XVe siècle.Cependant, aux réussites partielles, la destinée de ces entreprises illustre un système trop dépendant des logiques familiales et l’absence de capitaux sous-tendant la possibilité de prises de risques plus importantes. Néanmoins, ce premier capitalisme permit à Bâle de se développer et d’attirer à elle une élite économique et culturelle toujours plus nombreuse.
Klingenthal et sa Manufacture d’armes blanches
Authors: Gressier Élisabeth 
Published: March 2022

La première manufacture d’armes blanches française est fondée en 1730 à la demande de Louis XV, dans la logique industrielle inspirée par Colbert un demi-Siècle plus tôt. Son installation dans la province d’Alsace, dans une obscure vallée quasi inhabitée jusque-là, relève du défi. Tout est atypique et paradoxal dans cette entreprise : une manufacture française dans une région de culture germanique, une hiérarchie militaire francophone qui encadre des ouvriers d’origine et de langue allemandes, une communauté protestante autorisée à pratiquer son culte dans un pays qui persécute l’hérésie huguenote, des constructions davantage inspirées du modèle allemand de la région de Solingen que des usines françaises de l’époque, un style de vie partagé entre production d’armes blanches et travaux agricoles. Il en résulte une colonie industrielle unique en Alsace : Klingenthal, village-manufacture, marqué comme au fer rouge par son histoire singulière. Aujourd’hui, le site cherche à valoriser son patrimoine unique à travers son musée, la Maison de la Manufacture.
L’empire commercial du lithographe Engelmann (Mulhouse et Paris) et sa stratégie d’expansion internationale dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle
Authors: Lerch Dominique 
Published: March 2022

Le dépôt d’archives de l’entreprise lithographique Engelmann aux Archives municipales de Mulhouse fournit un matériau de qualité pour explorer cette technique d’impression nouvelle en ce début du XIXe siècle. Entre 1814 et 1867 (date de la cession de l’entreprise mulhousienne à Baret), un des introducteurs de la lithographie en France, et l’inventeur final de la chromolithographie permettant l’affiche en couleurs a créé une œuvre, façonné un empire commercial. À côté d’une œuvre que l’on peine encore à mesurer dans son ensemble, les Albums ayant fait l’objet de cinq études, la Normandie, l’Alsace et ses manufactures, la Suisse et le Brésil –, d’un combat quotidien pour faire face aux échéances, Engelmann a en effet tissé une toile commerciale complexe. Succursales à Londres, voire à Saint-Pétersbourg, présence assez régulière à la foire de Leipzig, tournée importante dans les États germaniques et à leurs marges polonaises ou lituaniennes, sans compter ce que diffuse l’établissement de Paris ou les ventes en Alsace même, aux États-Unis (à New York) et en Italie grâce à l’appui du réseau de Zuber de Rixheim, voire au Mexique grâce à un appui allemand, il y a là une volonté tenace de placer ses produits et de faire rayonner une qualité, celle d’une entreprise ayant un pied à Mulhouse et un autre à Paris, mais dont la tête de réseau est bien à Mulhouse.
Apports de l’histoire et de l’archéologie à la connaissance du patrimoine industriel d’Obernai
Authors: Vuillemin Adrien 
Published: March 2022

Le projet de réaménagement du site de l’ancien Match à Obernai (Bas-Rhin), a donné lieu à la réalisation d’une fouille archéologique préventive. À cette occasion ont notamment été mis au jour les vestiges d’un établissement industriel textile, établi dans les années 1820 dans les murs d’une caserne d’occupation autrichienne désaffectée. Cet établissement va connaitre de nombreux développements, en particulier sous la houlette des industriels Adolphe Mohler (entre 1840 et 1871) et Alfred Wallach (au XXe siècle), avant de fermer ses portes en 1968.Les recherches archéologiques et historiques menées de concert, qui ne sont pas encore achevées, contribuent à mettre en lumière l’évolution et la répartition des diverses activités textiles pratiquées sur le site, les adaptations technologiques dont il a été le théâtre (en matière de production énergétique notamment), et in fine, l’impact du site industriel sur le modelage du paysage.Outre proposer la monographie d’un site industriel alsacien méconnu, établi dans un espace davantage réputé pour ses activités viticoles qu’industrielles, cet article entend démontrer la nécessité d’une approche scientifique pluridisciplinaire des vestiges industriels.
The prevalence of colour vision deficiency, parent-reported, and child reported difficulties among 10- to 16-year-old school children in the Galle education zone, Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunanayake A. , Weerasuriya M. A. , Wijekoon W. M. C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Colour vision deficiency (CVD) is an X-linked recessive disease. The prevalence of CVD varies from race to race. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CVD among school children (ages 10-16) in Galle educational zone, Sri Lanka.
Methods
A total of 566 students (260 males, 306 females) were examined with Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic colour plates. The parental questionnaire was used to obtain a family history of CVD, the ability of the child to select coloured objects and past medical history.
Results
The overall prevalence of CVD was 1.4% (8 boys) with a prevalence of 3.1% for males. Six Sinhala, one Tamil and one Muslim boy had CVD. All affected children had negative histories of previous systemic and ocular disease or chronic use of medications. The visual acuity and the fundus were normal in all affected children. Seven (1.23%) had deuteranomaly, while one (0.17%) had protanomaly. 75% (06) of the parents were unaware of their child's defect, while 12.5% (01) reported a positive family history. Parental reporting of difficulties in selecting coloured objects in the child's day-to-day activities were not significant (p>0.05 Fisher's exact test). CVD children had reported difficulties in identifying colour objects in television/computer programmes and separation of cooked from uncooked food (p
Manual immature reticulocyte fraction; a surrogate marker to assess post traumatic blood loss
Authors: Wickramaratne K. A. C. , Wijegunawardena J. K. D. , Wijewickrama D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Erythropoietic response following chemotherapy and stem cell transplant is assessed by reticulocytosis and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF). They are not used to assess erythropoiesis following acute haemorrhage even though it is known to cause reticulocytosis. This study was performed to evaluate the use of IRF as a marker of degree of post-traumatic haemorrhage. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was performed using routine anticoagulated blood samples collected from patients admitted with acute traumatic haemorrhage to an emergency treatment unit. Differential and total reticulocyte counts were performed manually using standard techniques with bright field microscopy. The data on severity of blood loss were extracted from clinical records. Results: There were total of 38 patients. Mean IRF of patients with mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 05) haemorrhage were 1.86 ± 1.0%, 3.26 ± 1.8% and 10.2 ± 3.6% respectively. Mean manual IRF of group with severe haemorrhage was significantly higher than those of all the others (p = 0.000). The mean manual IRF of moderate haemorrhage group was significantly higher than that of mild group (p = 0.01). Manual IRF and severity of haemorrhage were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.01, n = 38). Immature reticulocytes of stage I was observed only in patients with severe haemorrhage. Conclusion: The manual IRF can be used as a reliable marker of severity of post-traumatic acute haemorrhage.
Central Venous Access in Neonates
Authors: Saber Hosam I. El Said , Farid Ahmed M. , Wafa Tamer A. , Taman Hani I. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In neonates, percutaneous central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is often a challenging technique. Recent reports have reported the efficacy of ultrasound (US) guidance when performing such an intervention. We conducted this study to compare US-guided and minimal surgical CVC insertion regarding time and ease of insertion, reliability, and complications.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective randomized study included 92 neonates scheduled for CVC insertion. They were divided into two groups: Group A (46 neonates) underwent the US-guided approach and Group B (46 neonates) underwent the surgical approach. The number of attempts and the duration of the procedure were documented in both groups. In addition, intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
Each of patient's age, gender, weight, and the indication of catheter insertion were statistically comparable between the two groups. The number of trials showed a significant increase in Group A (1.52 vs. 1.07 in Group Bp <0.001). Nevertheless, the time of the procedure was significantly decreased in the same group (3.68 vs. 10.21 in Group Bp <0.001). Table 2 summarizes the previous findings. Failure was encountered only in one case in Group A (2.2%), which was converted to the open surgical technique. In general, the incidence of complications showed no significant difference between the two approaches.

Conclusion:
Although US-guided CVC insertion is associated with an increased number of trials, the duration of the procedure is significantly diminished with its use. Furthermore, it has a high success rate in addition to a comparable complication profile with the traditional surgical method.
Ultrasound Block of the Medial Branch
Authors: Putzu Marta , Marchesini Maurizio 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Blocking the medial branch of the lumbar facet joints plays a fundamental diagnostic and therapeutic role in the treatment of lumbar pain. Attempts to replace the typical guided X-ray techniques with ultrasound-guided techniques have also involved treating the lumbar medial branches. By applying the cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM method), we sought to evaluate the learning curve associated with ultrasound-guided block of the lumbar medial branches in operators experienced in locoregional anesthesia but without expertise in pain therapy.

Aim:
This study aimed to use a repeatable method to identify the learning curve of the ultrasound-guided medial branch block.

Settings and Design:
This study was a prospective application of over forty consecutive procedures of ultrasound lumbar medial branch block.

Materials and Methods:
The ultrasound medial branch blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance with confirmation of correct positioning using fluoroscopy on a population of patients with low back pain with any body mass index (BMI).

Statistical Analysis:
The operator's performance was assessed using the learning curve cumulative summation test (LS-CUSUM).

Results and Conclusions:
The correct target was reached in 29 procedures out of a total of 40 (72.5%) and in 29 out of 36 procedures performed on patients with BMI <30 (80.5%). According to the CUSUM algorithm, 11 further consecutive successes would have been necessary (47 procedures in total) to achieve a proven learning of the technique in the group with only patients with a BMI <30, with a further 22 consecutive successes (62 procedures in total) in the general group. Ultrasound-guided block of the lumbar medial branch appears not to be optimal for training beginner/intermediate operators seeking to replace guided X-ray procedures with guided ultrasound.
Organ donation after circulatory death as compared with organ donation after brain death in Switzerland – an observational study
Authors: Elmer Andreas , Rohrer Mara-Lisa , Benden Christian , Krügel Nathalie , Beyeler Franziska , Immer Franz F 
Published: March 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) was reintroduced in Switzerland in 2011 and accounts for a third of deceased organ donors today. Controversy persists if DCD transplants are of similar quality to transplants following donation after brain death (DBD), mainly due to warm ischaemia time DCD organs are exposed to. We compared DCD with DBD in Switzerland.
METHODS: Data on deceased adults who were referred to and approved for organ donation from 1 September 2011 to 31 December 2019 were retrospectively analysed (217 DCD, 840 DBD donors). We compared DCD and DBD donor/organ characteristics, transplant rates of lungs, liver, kidneys, and pancreas, and early liver and kidney graft function in the recipient. The effect of DCD/DBD on transplant rates (organ transplanted or not) and 72-hour recipient graft function (moderate/good vs delayed graft function / organ loss) was analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Among utilised DCD donors, we analysed the effect of functional warm ischaemia time (FWIT) and donor age on 72-hour post-transplant liver and kidney graft function, also using multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: DCD donors were more often male (64.5% vs 56.8% p = 0.039), presented with heart disease (36.4% vs 25.5%, p <0.001), were resuscitated before hospital admission (41.9% vs 30.7%, p = 0.006), and died from anoxia (41.9% vs 23.9%). Kidney function before transplantation was comparable, lung, liver and pancreas function were poorer in DCD than DBD. Eighty-one and 91% of approved DCD and DBD donors were utilised (p <0.001). Median FWIT in DCD was 29 minutes (interquartile range 25–35). DCD transplant rates ranged from 4% (pancreas) to 73% (left kidney) and were all lower compared with DBD. Seventy-two-hour liver graft function was comparable between DCD and DBD (94.2% vs 96.6% moderate/good, p = 0.199). DCD kidney transplants showed increased risk of delayed graft function or early organ loss (odds ratios 8.32 and 5.05; 95% confidence intervals CI 5.28–13.28 and 3.22–7.95; both p <0.001, for left and right kidney transplants, respectively). No negative effect of prolonged FWIT or higher donor age was detected.
CONCLUSION: Despite less favourable donor/organ characteristics compared with donation after brain death, donation after circulatory death donors are increasingly referred and today provide an important source for scarce transplants in Switzerland. We identified a higher risk for delayed graft function or early organ loss for DCD kidney transplants, but not for DCD liver transplants. When carefully selected and allowed for other risk factors in organ allocation, prolonged functional warm ischaemia time or higher age in donation after circulatory death does not seem to be associated with impaired graft function early after transplantation.
Current Admissions and Enrollment Trends of Asian Students in Doctor of Pharmacy Programs—Author's Viewpoint
Authors: Do Duc P. , Petrova Tatjana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pharmacists have been among the frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a 2020 Gallup poll, they were ranked fourth for honesty and ethical standards among professionals. As of fall 2020, there were 141 colleges/schools of pharmacy with accredited professional Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) programs in the United States. Applications to Pharm.D. programs have declined nationally each year since the 2013–2014 admissions cycle, and, in particular, the number of Asian applicants applying to Pharm.D. programs has decreased since 2016. This commentary will highlight the latest admissions and enrollment trends in pharmacy education, particularly for Asian students.
FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATION OF VERTICAL PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
Authors: Maliyogbinda Jibrailu , Tijjani Usman 
Published: March 2022

FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATION OF VERTICAL PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA

Jibrailu L. Maliyogbinda, Sr and Usman Tijjani

FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATION OF VERTICAL PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
Jibrailu L. Maliyogbinda, Sr.,
1 (BPharm, MBA, MIAD, MSc., MCIPS, PMP), # 3 MAJILO Street, Plot 563 Kubwa Ext. 2 (Relocation), Abuja-FCT, Nigeria. jibrailu@outlook.com, +234(0)809 599 9911

Usman Tijjani
BSc. (Hons), MSc, MPH., Consultant of Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning (MEL) of Public Health Programs, # 8., Guava Road, Unguwan Dosa, Kaduna, Kaduna state. tijjaniusman100@gmail.com. +234(0)8065554283.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to explore the opinion of public health supply chain experts in Nigeria on the modalities for the integration of vertical public health supply chain systems and to proffer a practical and systematic contextual framework for achieving a seamless integration of vertical supply chain systems in the public health sector.
Methodology: This research study was a qualitative thematic content analysis of the views of fifteen respondents from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria using an interpretive philosophical approach through the theoretical lens of constructivism. Respondents in this study had at least three years’ experience in the management of pharmaceuticals and other health products in one or more public health intervention programs including HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis & Leprosy, Malaria, Reproductive Health and Family Planning, Vaccines and Immunisation, Neglected Tropical Diseases and Essential Medicines Programmes.
Findings: The findings of the research study were based on a holistic and comprehensive approach that included cost benefit analysis, justifications, and circumstances for viable integration of vertical public health supply chain systems, which are relationship management, information integration, product integration and coordination called the four modalities/dimensions/practices of supply chain integration and need to exist in a continuum driven by purposeful leadership. Even though the data collected through semi-structured interviews did not allow for differing views among respondents, the opportunity to freely express one’s opinion resulted in a rich data. Going forward, the government and its development partners need to demonstrate political and financial commitment to the course of integrating vertical public health supply chain systems in the country. The research study for the first time presented a practical and contextual framework for the seamless integration of public health supply chain systems, especially for low- and medium-income countries.
Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: This research study contributes to the integration of vertical public health supply chain system in Nigeria and proffer practical and systematic contextual framework for achieving a seamless integration of vertical supply chain systems in the public health.
Monitoring of oxidative stress and TNF-α status during the healing process in hair goats with metritis
Authors: KURT Serdal , EŞKİ Funda , MİS Leyla 
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to monitor oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level during the healing process in hair goats with metritis.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a total of 25 hair goats with metritis (n=10; Group 1) and healthy (n=15; Group 2). The beginning of the study was accepted as day 0. In both Group 1 and Group 2, blood samples were collected on days 0 (first measurement day), 14 (second measurement day) and 28 (third measurement day) of the study for TAS, TOS and TNF-α analyzes. In addition, oksidatif stress index (OSI) was calculated using TAS and TOS values.
Results: It was found that TAS level decreased in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the first measurement day (p
An Unusual Attack Pattern ofScolytus mulistriatusBeetles in Chinese Elm
Authors: Švihra Pavel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn autumn, some Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifoliaMarsham) trees, especially those with large seed crops, attractScolytus multistriatusbeetles. The beetles land on a single tree in masses and attempt to penetrate the inner bark. The tree responds with a copious flow of sticky sap that kills beetles at entrances or repels them. As the sap flow increases,Scolytusbeetles aggregate on the tree in even larger numbers and continue to excavate very short, erratic, and shallow tunnels in the outer bark. The basal to mid-bole section was attacked with highest density (17 to 18 tunnels per dm2, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:8.7). Perhaps due to a high concentration of host volatiles and insect-produced attractants,S. multistriatusbeetles shifted their attack to adjacent elms. However, the beetles avoided penetrating the inner bark of these trees and excavated only shallow tunnels in the outer bark. The beetles also showed a preference for tunneling into the basal to mid-bole section, but high mortality was observed (36.3% to 40.7%, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from 1:3.8 to 1:4.3). The number of female beetles and number of feeding scars in the crotches of small twigs were dependent on the number of females in the stem and branches (P≥ 0.001).
Species Differ in Responses to Tree Shelters
Authors: Gerhold Henry D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffects of tree shelters on height, caliper, and diameter at breast height of 11 landscape tree species and cultivars were investigated in 2 nurseries during a 4-year period; the ratio of height to caliper was calculated as an indicator of trunk sturdiness. Species differed greatly in their responses, ranging in the fourth year from none to 44% and 55% height increases ofMagnolia‘Merrill’ and M.stellataaccompanied by 18% and 14% caliper increases.Acer griseum, Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, Cornus‘Celestial’ and ‘Constellation’,Prunus serrulata‘Kwanzan’, and P.subhirtella autumnalisexhibited more modest height increases, but also caliper decreases, compared to controls without shelters.Malus‘Adirondack’ andSyringa reticulata‘Summer Snow’ did not benefit. Two shelter sizes and severe winter weather also affected the results of some varieties.
Tree Shade Preferred by Recreational Users of a Brazilian Beach Sidewalk
Authors: Malavasi U.C. , Malavasi M.M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBarbecuing near the beach is a well-established leisure activity during weekends and holidays for many people in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A daily nonstimulated census composed of personal interviews conducted along the beach of Mangaratiba was undertaken during school vacations in summer (January and February) and winter (July) of 1994 and 1995. A total of 955 interviews were completed. On average, each group of barbecuers consisted of 3 adults and 2 children (up to 12 years old). Ninety-five percent of the barbecues took place on weekends and holidays. The responses suggested that 85% of the groups prefer to be under shade trees, even during the winter months. Reasons offered for this preference are temperature amelioration (80%), privacy (65%), security (45%), and isolation (30%). On average, a barbecue lasts 6.1 hours.