bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional and socio-cognitive processing in young children with symptoms of anxiety
Authors: Howe-Davies Holly , Hobson Christopher , Waters Cerith , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany children with anxiety disorders exhibit significant and persistent impairments in their social and interpersonal functioning. Two components essential for successful social interaction are empathy and theory of mind (ToM). Both constructs develop rapidly in childhood, but no study has simultaneously examined these skills in young children with emerging mental health problems, including those with symptoms of anxiety. This study investigated empathy and ToM in children with anxiety symptomatology and examined their relationship with anxiety severity. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 174 children aged 4–8 years with emerging mental health difficulties who were referred by school teachers for an assessment because of emotional, cognitive, or behavioural problems at school. Participants completed empathy and ToM tasks. Parents were interviewed and rated children’s emotional and behavioural problems. Correlational analyses indicated that elevated anxiety was associated with better cognitive ToM and worse affective empathy; there were no associations between anxiety and either cognitive empathy or affective ToM. Subsequent regression analyses demonstrated that whilst enhanced cognitive ToM was explained by age and verbal IQ, anxiety symptoms uniquely predicted impaired affective empathy. These results indicate that children with symptoms of anxiety have difficulty in sharing in other people’s emotions. As a result, they may find it difficult to behave in socially adequate ways in interactions with others that involve affective sharing. These findings encourage the use of early and targeted interventions that improve affective empathy development in children with anxiety symptoms.
Rocking the Boat: Loot Boxes in Online Digital Games, the Regulatory Challenge, and the EU’s Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
Authors: Leahy D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The loot box, a feature of online video games, contains randomised virtual items of importance to gameplay. Comparisons are drawn between chance-based loot boxes and the legal and psychological definitions of gambling, leading to concerns that the format may be an unregulated form of quasi-gambling. Globally, several jurisdictions have intervened to control the loot box, some applying national gambling laws, while others have implemented more general rules, an alternative described as “consumer protection”. In 2020, a study commissioned on behalf of the EU Parliament recommended that loot boxes and in-game purchasing systems be regulated from a “consumer protection” perspective. This paper questions firstly whether the debate on product-specific rules for loot box games was conducted in reverse, commencing with a set of potential solutions, while research on harms is still at an early stage. It interrogates the “consumer protection” route, critiquing proposals that borrow from the conceptually and structurally distinct areas of gambling law and consumer protection law, without first resolving the tensions between them. The paper proposes that an alternative paradigm of “player protection” may be the better route towards solving the regulatory puzzle of loot boxes. The paper secondly argues for the EU and its Member States to adopt an interim approach, relying on existing legislation to tackle immediate concerns and facilitate testing of remedial measures, but which leaves the door ajar to alternative options, including regulation under national gambling law frameworks. It examines the UCPD as an immediate solution and considers how the updated UCPD Guidance addresses questions of potentially exploitative game design.
Coal tailings as a soil conditioner: evaluation of tailing properties and effect on tomato plants
Authors: Yong Miing-Tiem , Babla Mohammad , Karan Shawan , Katwal Utsab , Jahandari Soheil , Matta Pushpinder , Chen Zhong-Hua , Tao Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global coal industry yields a vast amount of tailings waste, and the utilisation of these tailings necessitates innovative efforts contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. One of such novel initiatives is to reuse coal tailings (CT) safely, ecofriendly, and cost-effectively in agroecosystems as a soil conditioner to enhance the productivity of lands. This study aimed to evaluate the potential utilisation of coal tailings waste in the soil amelioration to improve plant performance. The physico–chemical characteristics of coal tailings from two Australian mining sites (CT1 and CT2) showed that the tailings samples are alkaline with loamy and loamy sand textures, respectively. The tailings have ~ 3% of macronutrients, high carbon (C), and low heavy metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Se, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The germination rate of tomato seeds was improved in the low-rate CT treatment. Greenhouse tomato plants exhibited an increase in leaf’s K, Ca, and Mg contents in CT1 and CT2 treatments. More importantly, the CT treatment-induced accumulation of heavy metals in plants was mostly insignificant in both CT treatments. Therefore, we highlight the potential application of coal tailings as a soil conditioner because of the beneficial effect of improved carbon and nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) in tomato leaves. Further amendment of the coal tailings should focus on the adjustment of pH and the addition of other beneficial materials for the improvement of soil properties for crops in both the greenhouse and the field.
A High-Order Residual-Based Viscosity Finite Element Method for the Ideal MHD Equations
Authors: Dao Tuan Anh , Nazarov Murtazo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a high order, robust, and stable shock-capturing technique for finite element approximations of ideal MHD. The method uses continuous Lagrange polynomials in space and explicit Runge-Kutta schemes in time. The shock-capturing term is based on the residual of MHD which tracks the shock and discontinuity positions, and adds sufficient amount of viscosity to stabilize them. The method is tested up to third order polynomial spaces and an expected fourth-order convergence rate is obtained for smooth problems. Several discontinuous benchmarks such as Orszag-Tang, MHD rotor, Brio-Wu problems are solved in one, two, and three spacial dimensions. Sharp shocks and discontinuity resolutions are obtained.
Molecular matched targeted therapies for primary brain tumors—a single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Luger Anna-Luisa , König Sven , Samp Patrick Felix , Urban Hans , Divé Iris , Burger Michael C. , Voss Martin , Franz Kea , Fokas Emmanouil , Filipski Katharina , Demes Melanie-Christin , Stenzinger Albrecht , Sahm Felix , Reuss David E. , Harter Patrick N. , Wagner Sebastian , Hattingen Elke , Wichert Jennifer , Lapa Constantin , Fröhling Stefan , Steinbach Joachim P. , Ronellenfitsch Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Molecular diagnostics including next generation gene sequencing are increasingly used to determine options for individualized therapies in brain tumor patients. We aimed to evaluate the decision-making process of molecular targeted therapies and analyze data on tolerability as well as signals for efficacy.

Methods
Via retrospective analysis, we identified primary brain tumor patients who were treated off-label with a targeted therapy at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University. We analyzed which types of molecular alterations were utilized to guide molecular off-label therapies and the diagnostic procedures for their assessment during the period from 2008 to 2021. Data on tolerability and outcomes were collected.

Results
413 off-label therapies were identified with an increasing annual number for the interval after 2016. 37 interventions (9%) were targeted therapies based on molecular markers. Glioma and meningioma were the most frequent entities treated with molecular matched targeted therapies. Rare entities comprised e.g. medulloblastoma and papillary craniopharyngeoma. Molecular targeted approaches included checkpoint inhibitors, inhibitors of mTOR, FGFR, ALK, MET, ROS1, PIK3CA, CDK4/6, BRAF/MEK and PARP. Responses in the first follow-up MRI were partial response (13.5%), stable disease (29.7%) and progressive disease (46.0%). There were no new safety signals. Adverse events with fatal outcome (CTCAE grade 5) were not observed. Only, two patients discontinued treatment due to side effects. Median progression-free and overall survival were 9.1/18 months in patients with at least stable disease, and 1.8/3.6 months in those with progressive disease at the first follow-up MRI.

Conclusion
A broad range of actionable alterations was targeted with available molecular therapeutics.
However, efficacy was largely observed in entities with paradigmatic oncogenic drivers, in particular with BRAF mutations. Further research on biomarker-informed molecular matched therapies is urgently necessary.
User engagement with scholarly tweets of scientific papers: a large-scale and cross-disciplinary analysis
Authors: Fang Zhichao , Costas Rodrigo , Wouters Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which scholarly tweets of scientific papers are engaged with by Twitter users through four types of user engagement behaviors, i.e., liking, retweeting, quoting, and replying. Based on a sample consisting of 7 million scholarly tweets of Web of Science papers, our results show that likes is the most prevalent engagement metric, covering 44% of scholarly tweets, followed by retweets (36%), whereas quotes and replies are only present for 9% and 7% of all scholarly tweets, respectively. From a disciplinary point of view, scholarly tweets in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities are more likely to trigger user engagement over other subject fields. The presence of user engagement is more associated with other Twitter-based factors (e.g., number of mentioned users in tweets and number of followers of users) than with science-based factors (e.g., citations and Mendeley readers of tweeted papers). Building on these findings, this study sheds light on the possibility to apply user engagement metrics in measuring deeper levels of Twitter reception of scholarly information.
IoT framework for brain tumor detection based on optimized modified ResNet 18 (OMRES)
Authors: El-Feshawy Somaya A. , Saad Waleed , Shokair Mona , Dessouky Moawad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrain tumors are a serious health issue that affects many people’s lives. Such a tumor, which is either benign or malignant, can be fatal if malignant cells are not correctly diagnosed. According to the most recent human health care analysis system, the number of brain tumor patients has climbed dramatically and is now the 10th top cause of death. As a result, detecting brain tumors in their early stages can considerably improve the patient’s prospects of complete recovery and therapy. Thanks to improvements in information and communication technology, the Internet of things (IoT) has reached an evolutionary stage in the development of the modern health care environment. This paper provides a detailed examination of brain tumor detection approaches. Moreover, two different scenarios for detecting brain tumors will be proposed. On one hand, the first scenario depends on applying a deep convolutional neural network directly to brain images. On the other hand, the second scenario presents an IoT-based framework that adopts a multiuser detection system by sending the images to the cloud for early detection of brain tumors, which makes the system accessible to anyone and anywhere for accurate brain tumor categorization. The proposed CNN structure can be considered a modified version of the pre-trained ResNet18 CNN. Additionally, two key hyper-parameters are used to fine-tune the OMRES model, firstly different optimizers are tested using different learning rates, batch sizes, and a constant number of epochs, and secondly, the impact of changing dropout rates is made. Finally, comparisons between the OMRES model and traditional pre-trained models are discussed. Based on simulation findings, the RMSProp algorithm with a dropout rate of 0.5 verifies the best outcomes over other algorithms, where the suggested model achieves superior improvement with the highest rated accuracy of 98.67% compared to the conventional CNNs.
Early Stopping Criterion for Recursive Least Squares Training of Behavioural Models
Authors: Loughman Méabh , Barton Sinéad , Farrell Ronan , Dooley John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe necessity of the rapid evolution of wireless communications, with continuously increasing demands for higher data rates and capacity Zheng (Big datadriven optimization for mobile networks toward 5g 30:44–51, 2016), is constantly augmenting the complexity of radio frequency (RF) transceiver architecture. A significant component in the configuration of such complex radio transceivers is the power amplifier(PA). Multiple distributed PAs are now common in proposed RF architectures. PAs exhibit non linear behaviour, causing signal distortion in transmission. Behavioural models offer a concise representation of a PAs characteristic performance which is extremely useful in simulating performance of multiple nonlinear power amplifiers. A considerable drawback with using the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) technique is that the instability of the coefficients during the training of the model. This manuscript provides a computationally efficient technique to detect the onset of instability during adaptive RLS training and subsequently to inform the decision to cease training of dynamic memory polynomial based behavioural models, to avoid the onset of instability. The proposed technique does not require modification of the RLS algorithm, merely an observation of the pre-exsisting autocorrelation function based update. This technique is experimentally validated using four different signal modulation schemes, LTE OFDM, 5G-NR, DVBS2X and WCDMA.
Circulating cell-free DNA in health and disease — the relationship to health behaviours, ageing phenotypes and metabolomics
Authors: Kananen Laura , Hurme Mikko , Bürkle Alexander , Moreno-Villanueva Maria , Bernhardt Jürgen , Debacq-Chainiaux Florence , Grubeck-Loebenstein Beatrix , Malavolta Marco , Basso Andrea , Piacenza Francesco , Collino Sebastiano , Gonos Efstathios S. , Sikora Ewa , Gradinaru Daniela , Jansen Eugene H. J. M. , Dollé Martijn E. T. , Salmon Michel , Stuetz Wolfgang , Weber Daniela , Grune Tilman , Breusing Nicolle , Simm Andreas , Capri Miriam , Franceschi Claudio , Slagboom Eline , Talbot Duncan , Libert Claude , Raitanen Jani , Koskinen Seppo , Härkänen Tommi , Stenholm Sari , Ala-Korpela Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli T. , Ukkola Olavi , Kähönen Mika , Jylhä Marja , Jylhävä Juulia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCirculating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker of ageing, tissue damage and cellular stress. However, less is known about health behaviours, ageing phenotypes and metabolic processes that lead to elevated cf-DNA levels. We sought to analyse the relationship of circulating cf-DNA level to age, sex, smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, ageing phenotypes (physical functioning, the number of diseases, frailty) and an extensive panel of biomarkers including blood and urine metabolites and inflammatory markers in three human cohorts (N = 5385; 17–82 years). The relationships were assessed using correlation statistics, and linear and penalised regressions (the Lasso), also stratified by sex.cf-DNA levels were significantly higher in men than in women, and especially in middle-aged men and women who smoke, and in older more frail individuals. Correlation statistics of biomarker data showed that cf-DNA level was higher with elevated inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), and higher levels of homocysteine, and proportion of red blood cells and lower levels of ascorbic acid. Inflammation (C-reactive protein, glycoprotein acetylation), amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine), and ketogenesis (3-hydroxybutyrate) were included in the cf-DNA level-related biomarker profiles in at least two of the cohorts.In conclusion, circulating cf-DNA level is different by sex, and related to health behaviour, health decline and metabolic processes common in health and disease. These results can inform future studies where epidemiological and biological pathways of cf-DNA are to be analysed in details, and for studies evaluating cf-DNA as a potential clinical marker.
Third Generation of Unary Calphad Descriptions and the Avoidance of Re-Stabilized Solid Phases and Unexpected Large Heat Capacity
Authors: Schmid-Fetzer Rainer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe problem of solid phase re-stabilization at high temperature in the latest version of 3rd generation data for pure solid elements is studied and the remedy to apply new Calphad software with the Equal-Entropy Criterion (EEC) implemented is critically examined. The concept of Equal-Entropy Temperature (EET) as very top limit for crystal existence is used to develop amendments by a second temperature range without introducing any adjustable parameter to an existing set of 3rd generation unary functions of solid and liquid. This is shown to safely prevent by definition of the mathematical Gibbs energy function the violation of the EEC axiom, namely that no solid phase should be more stable than the liquid at high temperature. The comprehensive amendment also solves the problem of unexpected large Cp contributions at high temperature. Detailed analyses are provided for the examples of pure Al and for binary Al-Ir, Al-Cr and Al-C systems. Serious risks of unforeseen pitfalls and artifacts are exemplified for some cases where an automatic exclusion of an stable phase by new “EEC-software” may occur. It is argued that this is not acceptable at least for applied Calphad simulations.
Frailty assessment in emergency medicine using the Clinical Frailty Scale: a scoping review
Authors: Fehlmann Christophe Alain , Nickel Christian Hans , Cino Emily , Al-Najjar Zinnia , Langlois Nigèle , Eagles Debra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Frailty is a common condition present in older Emergency Department (ED) patients that is associated with poor health outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a tool that measures frailty on a scale from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill). The goal of this scoping review was to describe current use of the CFS in emergency medicine and to identify gaps in research.

Methods
We performed a systemic literature search to identify original research that used the CFS in emergency medicine. Several databases were searched from January 2005 to July 2021. Two independent reviewers completed screening, full text review and data abstraction, with a focus on study characteristics, CFS assessment (evaluators, timing and purpose), study outcomes and statistical methods.

Results
A total of 4818 unique citations were identified; 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Among them, 76% were published after 2018, mainly in Europe or North America (79%). Only two assessed CFS in the pre-hospital setting. The nine-point scale was used in 74% of the studies, and patient consent was required in 69% of them. The main reason to use CFS was as a main exposure (44%), a potential predictor (15%) or an outcome (15%). The most frequently studied outcomes were mortality and hospital admission.

Conclusion
The use of CFS in emergency medicine research is drastically increasing. However, the reporting is not optimal and should be more standardized. Studies evaluating the impact of frailty assessment in the ED are needed.

Registration
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W2F8N
Inhibiting IL-17A and IL-17F in Rheumatic Disease: Therapeutics Help to Elucidate Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Tam Hoi Ki Joshua , Robinson Philip C. , Nash Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewPsoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis belong to a family of rheumatological diseases that lead to painful joint inflammation that impacts on patient function and quality of life. Recent studies have shown that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 is involved in the inflammatory joint changes in spondyloarthritides. We will review the pathophysiology of IL-17 and review the biological therapies targeting IL-17.Recent FindingsIL-17 is produced and released from T cells and is dependent on multiple upstream cytokines, which include IL-23. There are six members of the IL-17 family that are secreted from multiple populations of T cells. The initial biologic medications have been developed against IL-17A, which is the best-studied member of this family. These medications appear to be effective in controlling joint inflammation, improving patient quality of life, and are generally well tolerated. More recently, medications have been developed that target both IL-17A and IL-17F. In addition, brodalumab, an antibody targeting the IL-17 receptor, has had a resurgence after initial concerns for an increased risk of suicide.SummaryIL-17 is an inflammatory cytokine that is critical in the pathobiology of axial spondyloarthritides. Recent biological therapies targeting IL-17A are effective and well tolerated in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Specific targeting of the Il-17A/F heterodimer is also effective and provides another viable option in the clinician’s armamentarium.
Seedlings of a hemiparasite recognize legumes, but do not distinguish good from poor host species
Authors: Sandner Tobias M. , Schoppan Lola , Matthies Diethart 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost hemiparasitic plants are generalists with a broad host range, but they grow better in the presence of some plant species than with others. In mixed communities of hosts, hemiparasites prefer some hosts over others, but it is not yet known if hemiparasite roots can distinguish between the roots of different plant species and show directed growth (host tropism). We performed host choice experiments, exposing seedlings of Rhinanthus alectorolophus in agar plates simultaneously to seedlings of grass and legume species known to be hosts of good or poor quality for the parasite, and measured directed root growth and haustoria formation. Parasite roots did not show directed growth towards the roots of a good compared to a poor host species within a host functional group. However, parasite roots grew more strongly in the direction of legume than grass roots. The probability to form haustoria with host roots did not differ between host species, and microscopy revealed that functional haustoria were formed even with a very poor host, the grass Anthoxanthum odoratum. Our results show that growth experiments in agar plates are a suitable approach to study early host choice of hemiparasites. Our finding that hemiparasites can (initially) form functional haustoria even with very poor hosts emphasizes that the quality of a plant species as a host depends on several independent processes, including early host recognition, haustoria formation, resource supply and competition.