bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability legibility and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in bed head ticket in a base hospital Sri Lanka: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Wanninayake Indika , Perera H. S. R. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hospital information storage is done through an internationally accepted coding system. It is very important to have an accurate diagnosis for proper coding. Ministry of Health has issued a circular (No-01-05/99) for the documentation of Bed Head Ticket (BHT) including writing the correct diagnosis. Objective: To assess the availability, legibility, and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in the BHTs of selected wards in a base hospital in Sri Lanka. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess availability, legibility, and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in 384 BHTs of selected wards in a Base Hospital in Sri Lanka. A data Extraction sheet (DES) was used as a study instrument. Results: Out of 384 BHTs diagnosis were not available in 12 (3.13%) BHTs and diagnosis were illegible in 36(6.99%) BHTs. In 244(67.59%) BHTs diagnosis were written as abbreviations. Only in136(37.46%) BHTs, diagnosis were written in block capital letters. Conclusion and recommendation: Documentation diagnosis in the BHTs is not according to the standards. Therefore, medical administrators, policymakers, and clinicians should take urgent actions to improve documentation diagnosis in BHTs.
Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and obstructive sleep apnea in adults
Authors: Tamin Susyana , Siregar Dumasari , Hutauruk Syahrial Marsinta , Restuti Ratna Dwi , Rachmawati Elvie Zulka Kautzia , Bardosono Saptawati 
Published: April 2022

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) have been found to coexist in the population. OSAS and LPR also share obesity as an important risk factor. However, the relationship between LPR and OSAS remains unclear. This study aimed to correlate LPR as measured by the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) with OSAS.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included sixty-four subjects who underwent anamnesis to complete the RSI and the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS). The subjects were then divided into the OSAS and non-OSAS groups based on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) obtained through a polysomnography examination. Both groups underwent a flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examination to determine the RFS. LPR was identified based on the RSI and RFS.

Results
The mean BMI of the OSAS group significantly was higher than the non-OSAS group (p < 0.05). Most of the subjects in the OSAS group exhibited mild-moderate OSAS (AHI 10–29), and severe OSAS occurred in only seven subjects. The mean RSI and RFS values in the OSAS group did not differ significantly from the non-OSAS group (p = 0.34 and p = 0.36, respectively). The proportion of LPR between the mild-moderate OSAS group, the severe OSAS group, and the non-OSAS group did not differ significantly (p = 1.00). RSI and RFS did not significantly correlate with AHI. Based on RSI, the proportion of LPR between the ESS (+) and ESS (-) groups did not significantly differ (adjusted p = 0.062). The proportion of LPR based on RFS was almost equal between the ESS (+) and ESS (-) groups (p = 0.817).

Conclusions
The BMI of the OSAS group was significantly higher than the non-OSAS group. There was no significant difference in RSI and RFS between the OSAS and non-OSAS groups. There was no significant correlation between RSI and AHI, or between RFS and AHI. There was no significant difference in the proportion of RSI between the ESS (+) and the ESS (-) groups.
A Content and Thematic Analysis of Student International Internship Reports: Basis for Designing Alternative Experiential Learning Activities
Authors: Remanente Maria Cecilia 
Published: April 2022

Schools design internship programs based on intended learning outcomes, which influence their choice of partner training establishments and setting of training activities and duration. An internship is a form of experiential learning, students acquire many unintended discoveries in completing their tasks and interacting with others. This study examines such intended and incidental learning experiences through content and thematic analysis of the internship reports of 26 students of a higher education institution (HEI) located in Cavite, Philippines, who joined either the Thailand Student Internship Abroad Program (SIAP) or the USA Work and Travel Program in 2018 and 2019. These reports contained student reflections, weekly logs of their training activities, and supervisor feedback. The following nodes or units of analysis were used: type of establishment, training area, intentional learning, incidental learning, courses and activities in school that prepared them for their internship, and the supervisors’ comments on the students’ performance. The findings highlight the importance of developing students’ skills in guest handling, food preparation and styling, guiding and escorting, report preparation, and event coordination in preparation for internship. Further, increased cultural knowledge and sensitivity was needed. These findings were used to improve the HEI internship and skills enhancement program for school year 2021-2022, tempered by current situations, most notably the SIAP suspension and limited implementation of onsite local practicum. Alternative experiential learning activities were thus proposed.
Antibacterial Effect of Cinnamon Oil against Uropathogenic Multidrug Resistant
Authors: Alkhafaji Rana Thamer Hadi , Jayashankar M. 
Published: April 2022

Cinnamon is known for its antimicrobial activity and the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of its essential oil against ten of the multidrug-resistant uropathogenic by agar well diffusion assays. The diameters of the inhibition zone to the Cinnamon oil were 27 mm for S. aureus, 24 mm for E coli, 20 mm for P.aeruginosa, 22 mm for K.pneumoniae, 23 mm for E.aerogenes & P. mirabilis, 24 mm for E. faecalis, and 27 mm for N.gonorrhoeae, A.baumanni, S.epidermis. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of the cinnamon essential oil are evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the inhibition zone, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cinnamon was the most effective agent in inhibiting A.baumanni, N.gonorrhoeae, S. epidermis, E. faecalis and E. coli with the lowest MIC (0.0313%) while S.aureus, E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa with MIC (0.125%) while P. mirabilis was 0.0625% in our study. The MBC was 0. 25% for A.baumanni, 0.5 % for N, gonorrhoeae, S. epidermis, E. faecalis, and K. pneumonia, while 1% S.aureus, E. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Usage in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rada Santosh Kumar , Maramreddy Hema Latha 
Published: April 2022

Since the COVID-19 emergence in December 2019, significant efforts are being made in the hunt for appropriate medical interventions. This forces scientists to produce or discover traditional curative medications, preventive vaccinations, or passive immunological techniques as quickly as possible. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have drawn a lot of interest throughout this context. COVID-19 approved Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) medications for the outpatient treatment of mild to moderate symptoms for many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) aimed against the Receptor binding domain of the S protein of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated the feasibility of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection in this review. Human monoclonal antibodies targeted SARS-CoV-2 viral protein domains, especially the spike protein area, and hyper-immune plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients are also included in this review. In summary, monoclonal antibodies are the promising remedies that could be used to regulate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 infection causal agent) through immunotherapy, vaccine development, and viral screening.
Correlation of Serum Urate Levels and Lichen Planus in Male and Female Patients
Authors: Mughal Hira , Bano Shazia , Kalhoro Hafiz Bashir Ahmed , Meraj Munazzah , Khalid Zonish , Khan Sabira Baz 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To correlate serum urate level in male and female patients with lichen planus (LP) presenting at Dermatology department, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro.
Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2020.Total 126 patients, divided into two equal groups male(n=63) and female (n=63), between the age of 20-50 years and duration of disease from one month after eruption of lesion to 18 months were incorporated in this study. The patients having gout, obesity, chronic kidney disease, Pregnant ladies, smoker and those taking serum urate lowering drugs or steroids were excluded from this study. After taking history with clinical examination, patients were subject to height, weight, BMI, and duration of disease in months was stated.
Results: Total 126 patients with age range between 20-50 years and the mean age was 32.5 ± 4.47 years in male and 35.3±6.74 years in females were analyzed. The mean BMI was 23.6 ± 2.68 kg/m2 in male and 22.5 ± 3.47 in kg/m2 females were recorded. The mean duration of disease was 35.4 ± 16.92 and 37.12 ± 18.92 weeks were recorded in male and female respectively. The mean serum urate level in Idiopathic Lichen Planus patients was 3.82 ± 0.79 mg/dL in male and 2.3+0.43 mg/dL in female were observed.
Conclusion: Our study results indicate that there is a positive correlation between LP and serum serum urate levels in male and female patients.
DNA‐Based Single Molecule Force Sensor For Characterization of α5β1 Integrin Tension Required for Invadopodia Formation and Maturation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Kyung Ah , Vellampatti Srivithya , Hwang Sun Ha , Kim Byoung Choul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvadopodia are involved in cancer invasion by generating mechanical forces and secreting proteolytic enzymes. It is hypothesized that physical forces applied to integrin, especially α5β1 integrin, are strongly associated with the generation of invadopodial forces and protrusive activity of invadopodia; however, their mechanical relationship remains elusive. Here, a new deoxyribonucleic acid‐based force probe is developed for mapping α5β1 integrin tension with single‐molecule precision. Using this probe, the formation and maturation of invadopodia depending on integrin type and tension are investigated. In addition, the spatio‐temporal analysis of the integrin tension map is performed to measure changes in integrin tension and invadopodial force in each stage of invadopodia development. Consequently, it is found that α5β1 integrin tension above 40 pN is critical not only for adhesion but also for the maturation of invadopodia, eventually leading to the generation of a strong invadopodial force greater than 100 pN through α5β1 integrin‐ligand complexes with actomyosin contractility. This biophysical mechanism underlying the invadopodia formation and mechanical activation may provide new insights into cancer invasion and metastasis.
Ionic Liquid‐Based Redox Active Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Li , Zhuo Kelei , Chen Yujuan , Du Quanzhou , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs) are fascinating energy storage devices due to their delivery of exceptional power density and long cycling stability. Unfortunately, their practical applications are still impeded by relatively inferior energy density, which is proportional to the square of the operating voltage of SCs. Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes have a wide electrochemical stability window and thus can be used to significantly increase the energy density of SCs. The introduction of redox active species into IL‐based electrolytes effectively contributes to pseudocapacitance. Accordingly, IL‐based redox active electrolytes (IL‐REs) for SCs are springing up rapidly in recent years. This review provides an overall insight into various IL‐REs, including the ILs mixed with other redox active species, the ILs possessing redox active groups themselves, and the IL‐based redox gel polymer electrolytes for SCs. The basic understanding of IL electrolytes and IL‐REs is introduced and discussed as well as the application of the IL‐REs in SCs. Then, the energy storage mechanisms of these IL‐REs are discussed, and finally, current challenges and perspectives are highlighted for future research in this promising field.
Quantum‐Engineered Devices Based on 2D Materials for Next‐Generation Information Processing and Storage
Authors: Pal Arnab , Zhang Shuo , Chavan Tanmay , Agashiwala Kunjesh , Yeh Chao‐Hui , Cao Wei , Banerjee Kaustav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs an approximation to the quantum state of solids, the band theory, developed nearly seven decades ago, fostered the advance of modern integrated solid‐state electronics, one of the most successful technologies in the history of human civilization. Nonetheless, their rapidly growing energy consumption and accompanied environmental issues call for more energy‐efficient electronics and optoelectronics, which necessitate the exploration of more advanced quantum mechanical effects, such as band‐to‐band tunneling, spin–orbit coupling, spin–valley locking, and quantum entanglement. The emerging 2D layered materials, featured by their exotic electrical, magnetic, optical, and structural properties, provide a revolutionary low‐dimensional and manufacture‐friendly platform (and many more opportunities) to implement these quantum‐engineered devices, compared to the traditional electronic materials system. Here, the progress in quantum‐engineered devices is reviewed and the opportunities/challenges of exploiting 2D materials are analyzed to highlight their unique quantum properties that enable novel energy‐efficient devices, and useful insights to quantum device engineers and 2D‐material scientists are provided.
Poly(2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline) Surface Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Alkali Cyanides, Alkali Chlorides, and Other Ionic Species in Water
Authors: Harbeck Mika , Erbahar Dilek D. , Gürol Ilke , de la Rosa Victor R. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPoly(2‐oxazoline)s are a class of organic polymers having tertiary amide groups in their chemical structure. They are currently under intense study for potential applications in many different fields due to the tunability of their physical and chemical properties. In this work, poly(2‐oxazoline)s are demonstrated for the first time as the sensing elements for chemical sensors. More specifically, a poly(2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PnPropOx) with a xanthate end‐group is synthesized and used to modify a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducer. The general liquid sensing properties and sensor responses of the resulting PnPropOx‐QCM sensor to a variety of ionic compounds in aqueous solutions have been evaluated revealing excellent liquid sensing properties showing a strong response to alkali chlorides and cyanides, especially. The sensor response is fast and fully reversible and the selectivity for alkali chlorides and cyanides is remarkably high. The observed sensitivity using 5 MHz PnPropOx‐QCMs reaches ≈8 Hz µM−1 at 30 °C, enabling analyte detection down to a limit of detection of 0.2 µM concentration. According to these results, it can be concluded that PnPropOx, and possibly poly(2‐oxazoline)s in general, is very promising as a sensing material for chemical sensors in liquids to selectively detect a variety of ionic species.
Laser Cutting of Metal‐Halide‐Perovskite Wafers for X‐Ray Detector Integration
Authors: Deumel Sarah , Reg Yvonne , Huerdler Judith E. , Hussenether Lukas , Schmidt Oliver , Barabash Anastasia , Heiss Wolfgang , Tedde Sandro F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo realize various applications, structuring methods of metal‐halide perovskites are of great importance. Most of the common techniques have focused on thin layers and suffer from limitations for thick layers. But thicknesses of several hundred micrometers are necessary, especially for the application field of medical X‐ray detection. In order to scale perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors from small laboratory devices to realistic product sizes, new manufacturing strategies such as laser cutting are necessary. Here the potential of structuring any configurable geometry out of thick, freestanding methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) wafers with ultrashort pulse (USP) laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm, is shown. A small difference in the laser parameters causes a significant variation of the perovskite from material decomposition to almost no effects. With the chosen parameter set of the USP laser, the MAPbI3 wafer can be shaped so that just slight changes in the morphology and no difference in the X‐ray performance can be seen. This method offers the possibility of scaling up perovskite X‐ray detectors in the future without significant signal loss.
A Role for Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1 in the Generation of Epileptic Spasms in a murine model
Authors: Ballester‐Rosado Carlos J. , Le John T. , Lam Trang T. , Mohila Carrie A. , Lam Sandi , Anderson Anne E. , Frost James D. , Swann John W. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveInfantile spasms are associated with a wide variety of clinical conditions, including perinatal brain injuries. We have created a model in which prolonged infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) into the neocortex, beginning in infancy, produces a localized lesion and reproduces the behavioral spasms, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, and drug responsiveness seen clinically. Here, we undertook experiments to explore the possibility that the growth factor IGF‐1 plays a role in generating epileptic spasms.MethodsWe combined long‐term video EEG recordings with quantitative immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses to unravel IGF‐1's role in spasm generation. Immunohistochemistry was undertaken in surgically resected tissue from infantile spasms patients. We used viral injections in neonatal conditional IGF‐1R knock‐out mice to show that an IGF‐1‐derived tripeptide (1‐3)IGF‐1, acts through the IGF‐1 receptor to abolish spasms.ResultsImmunohistochemical methods revealed widespread loss of IGF‐1 from cortical neurons, but an increase in IGF‐1 in the reactive astrocytes in the TTX‐induced lesion. Very similar changes were observed in the neocortex from patients with spasms. In animals, we observed reduced signaling through the IGF‐1 growth pathways in areas remote from the lesion. To show the reduction in IGF‐1 expression plays a role in spasm generation, epileptic rats were treated with (1‐3)IGF‐1. We provide 3 lines of evidence that (1‐3)IGF‐1 activates the IGF‐1 signaling pathway by acting through the receptor for IGF‐1. Treatment with (1‐3)IGF‐1 abolished spasms and hypsarrhythmia‐like activity in the majority of animals.InterpretationResults implicate IGF‐1 in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms and IGF‐1 analogues as potential novel therapies for this neurodevelopmental disorder. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:45–60
Introducing 4s–2p Orbital Hybridization to Stabilize Spinel Oxide Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Gemeng , Olsson Emilia , Zou Jinshuo , Wu Zhibin , Li Jingxi , Lu Cheng‐Zhang , D'Angelo Anita M. , Johannessen Bernt , Thomsen Lars , Cowie Bruce , Peterson Vanessa K. , Cai Qiong , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOxides composed of an oxygen framework and interstitial cations are promising cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the instability of the oxygen framework under harsh operating conditions results in fast battery capacity decay, due to the weak orbital interactions between cations and oxygen (mainly 3d–2p interaction). Here, a robust and endurable oxygen framework is created by introducing strong 4s–2p orbital hybridization into the structure using LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 oxide as an example. The modified oxide delivers extraordinarily stable battery performance, achieving 71.4 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 C. This work shows that an orbital‐level understanding can be leveraged to engineer high structural stability of the anion oxygen framework of oxides. Moreover, the similarity of the oxygen lattice between oxide electrodes makes this approach extendable to other electrodes, with orbital‐focused engineering a new avenue for the fundamental modification of battery materials.
Wachstum von N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf Cu(100) und Cu(111): von einzelnen Molekülen bis hin zu Inseln mit magischen Zahlen
Authors: Navarro Juan J. , Das Mowpriya , Tosoni Sergio , Landwehr Felix , Koy Maximilian , Heyde Markus , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Glorius Frank , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractN‐Heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) haben ausgezeichnete Eigenschaften als Bausteine von selbstorganisierten Monoschichten (SAMs). Bevor diese Moleküle in technologischen Anwendungen zum Einsatz kommen können, ist als grundlegender Schritt der Einfluss des Substrates auf molekulare Anordnungen zu verstehen. Hier untersuchen wir die molekulare Anordnung eines Modell‐NHC auf Cu(100) und Cu(111). Während auf Cu(100) meist ungeordnete Phasen auftreten, bilden sich auf Cu(111) wohldefinierte Strukturen, die abhängig von der Bedeckung Inseln mit bevorzugter Anzahl von Molekülen (magische Zahlen) bis hin zu Streifenanordnungen zeigen. Diese Arbeit präsentiert das erste Beispiel von aus NHC gebildeten Inseln mit magischen Zahlen auf ebenen Oberflächen. Diffusion und Kommensurabilität sind wesentliche Faktoren zur Aufklärung der beobachteten Anordnungen. Diese Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über die Molekül‐Substrat‐Wechselwirkung und eröffnen die Möglichkeit, auf NHC‐Verbindungen basierte Nanostrukturen abzustimmen.
A Simple Fluorescence Affinity Assay to Decipher Uranyl‐Binding to Native Proteins
Authors: Laporte Fanny , Chenavier Yves , Botz Alexandra , Gateau Christelle , Lebrun Colette , Hostachy Sarah , Vidaud Claude , Delangle Pascale 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDetermining the affinity of proteins for uranyl is key to understand the toxicity of this cation and to further develop decorporation strategies. However, usual techniques to achieve that goal often require specific equipment and expertise. Here, we propose a simple, efficient, fluorescence‐based method to assess the affinity of proteins and peptides for uranyl, at equilibrium and in buffered solution. We first designed and characterized an original uranyl‐binding fluorescent probe. We then built a reference scale for uranyl affinity in solution, relying on signal quenching of our fluorescent probe in presence of high‐affinity uranyl‐binding peptides. We finally validated our approach by re‐evaluating the uranyl‐binding affinity of four native proteins. We envision that this tool will facilitate the reliable and reproducible assessment of affinities of peptides and proteins for uranyl.
Synthesis of Single‐Layer Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks M3(HAT)2 (M=Ni, Fe, Co, HAT=1,4,5,8,9,12‐hexaazatriphenylene) Using an On‐Surface Reaction
Authors: Lyu Cheng‐Kun , Gao Yi‐Fan , Gao Zi‐Ang , Mo Song‐Yu , Hua Mu‐Qing , Li En , Fu Shu‐Qing , Chen Jia‐Yan , Liu Pei‐Nian , Huang Li , Lin Nian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) is one of the smallest polyheterocyclic aromatic building blocks for forming conjugated metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs). However, the strong inter‐molecular steric hindrance impedes the growth of HAT‐based cMOFs. Here we employ on‐surface synthesis to grow single‐layer two‐dimensional cMOFs of M3(HAT)2 (M=Ni, Fe, Co). Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and density‐functional theory (DFT) analysis, we resolve that the frameworks comprise a hexagonal lattice of HAT molecules and a Kagome lattice of metal atoms. The DFT analysis indicates that Ni, Co and Fe carry a magnetic moment of 1.1, 2.5, and 3.7 μB, respectively. We anticipate that the small π‐conjugated core of HAT and strong bidentate chelating coordination give rise to appealing electronic and magnetic properties.