bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaching of Ti and V from the non‐magnetic fraction of ilmenite‐based ore: Kinetic and thermodynamic modelling
Authors: de Aguiar Erick Max Mourão Monteiro , Botelho Junior Amilton Barbosa , Duarte Heitor Augusto , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares , Baltazar Marcela dos Passos Galluzzi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA source of Ti and V found in Brazil contains important content of both elements and has not been explored yet. Such resources would supply the demand for the battery market (Li‐ion and redox flow), robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, and 3D printers. The hydrometallurgical route is essential to obtain different high purity products. The goal of the present work was to study the HCl leaching of Ti and V from the non‐magnetic fraction of ilmenite‐based ore. The effects of solid–liquid ratio, NaHF2, Fe0, and chloride ions were evaluated. The optimized conditions were the solid–liquid ratio of 1/6–1/12 and NaHF2 of 10 wt.% for 4 h under reducing leaching. Kinetic modelling fitted better for the chemical reaction model. The activation energy was 14.5, 15.4, and 15.5 J/mol for Ti, V, and Fe, respectively. No improvement was obtained as the concentration of chloride ions increased.
Mapping Replication Timing in Single Mammalian Cells
Authors: Bartlett Daniel A. , Dileep Vishnu , Baslan Timour , Gilbert David M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReplication timing (RT) is the temporal order in which genomic DNA is replicated during S phase. Early and late replication correlate with transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin compartments, but mechanistic links between large‐scale chromosome structure, transcription, and replication are still enigmatic. A proper RT program is necessary to maintain the global epigenome that defines cell identity, suggesting that RT is critical for epigenome integrity by facilitating the assembly of different types of chromatin at different times during S phase. RT is regulated during development and has been found to be altered in disease. Thus, RT can identify stable epigenetic differences distinguishing cell types, and can be used to help stratify patient outcomes and identify markers of disease. Most methods to profile RT require thousands of S‐phase cells. In cases where cells are rare (e.g., early‐stage embryos or rare primary cell types) or consist of a heterogeneous mixture of cell states (e.g., differentiation intermediates), or when the interest is in determining the degree of stable epigenetic heterogeneity within a population of cells, single‐cell measurements of RT are necessary. We have previously developed single cell Repli‐seq, a method to measure replication timing in single cells using DNA copy number quantification. To date, however, single‐cell Repli‐seq suffers from relatively low throughput and high costs. Here, we describe an improved single‐cell Repli‐seq protocol that uses degenerate oligonucleotide–primed PCR (DOP‐PCR) for uniform whole‐genome amplification and uniquely barcoded primers that permit early pooling of single‐cell samples into a single library preparation. We also provide a bioinformatics platform for analysis of the data. The improved throughput and decreased costs of this method relative to previously published single‐cell Repli‐seq protocols should make it considerably more accessible to a broad range of investigators. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) of single cells and sequence library construction.Basic Protocol 2: Deriving and displaying single‐cell replication timing data from whole genome sequencing.
Plant abundance, but not plant evolutionary history, shapes patterns of host specificity in foliar fungal endophytes
Authors: Apigo Austen , Oono Ryoko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the origins and maintenance of host specificity, or why horizontally‐acquired symbionts associate with some hosts but not others, remains elusive. In this study, we explored whether patterns of host specificity in foliar fungal endophytes, a guild of highly diverse fungi that occur within the photosynthetic tissues of all major plant lineages, were related to characteristics of the plant community. We comprehensively sampled all plant host species within a single community and tested the relationship between plant abundance or plant evolutionary relatedness and metrics of endophyte host specificity. We quantified host specificity with methods that considered the total endophyte community per plant host (i.e., multivariate methods) along with species‐based methods (i.e., univariate metrics) that considered host specificity from the perspective of each endophyte. Univariate host specificity metrics quantified plant alpha‐diversity (structural specificity), plant beta‐diversity (beta‐specificity), and plant phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic specificity) per endophyte. We standardized the effect sizes of univariate host specificity metrics to randomized distributions to avoid spurious correlations between host specificity metrics and endophyte abundance. We found that more abundant plant species harbored endophytes that occupied fewer plant species (higher structural specificity) and were consistently found in the same plant species across the landscape (higher beta‐specificity). There was no relationship between plant phylogenetic distance and endophyte community dissimilarity. We still found that endophyte community composition significantly varied among plant species, families, and major groups, supporting a plant identity effect. In particular, endophytes in angiosperm lineages associated with narrower phylogenetic breadths of plants (higher phylogenetic specificity) compared to endophytes within conifer and fern lineages. Overall, an effect of plant species abundance may help explain why horizontally‐transmitted endophytes vary geographically within host species ranges.
Inhibitory control and problem solving in early childhood: Exploring the burdens and benefits of high self‐control
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Agyapong Mary A. , D'Souza Hana , Frick Matilda A. , Portugal Ana Maria , Konke Linn Andersson , Cloke Hamish , Bedford Rachael , Smith Tim J. , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Jones Emily J.H. , Charman Tony , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow inhibitory control (IC) is sometimes associated with enhanced problem‐solving amongst adults, yet for young children high IC is primarily framed as inherently better than low IC. Here, we explore associations between IC and performance on a novel problem‐solving task, amongst 102 English 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds (Study 1) and 84 Swedish children, seen at 18‐months and 4‐years (Study 2). Generativity during problem‐solving was negatively associated with IC, as measured by prohibition‐compliance (Study 1, both ages, Study 2 longitudinally from 18‐months). High parent‐reported IC was associated with poorer overall problem‐solving success, and greater perseveration (Study 1, 3‐year‐olds only). Benefits of high parent‐reported IC on persistence could be accounted for by developmental level. No concurrent association was observed between problem‐solving performance and IC as measured with a Delay‐of‐Gratification task (Study 2, concurrent associations at 4‐years). We suggest that, for young children, high IC may confer burden on insight‐ and analytic‐aspects of problem‐solving.
Crosstalk of FGFR1 signaling and choline metabolism promotes cell proliferation and survival in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Fan Zhichao , Ma Jisheng , Pan Xuebo , Zhao Liangcai , Wu Yuying , Lin Hui , Zhao Yidan , Jiang Haowei , Pan Tingting , Li Xiaokun , Wang Fen , Wang Cong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of ectopic type I fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is a common feature of prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnostic cancer in men. However, how ectopic FGFR1 contributes to PCa progression is not well understood. In our study we showed that ablation of FGFR1 in DU145 human PCa cells changed the cell metabolite profile. Among the changes, the choline metabolism profile was the most significantly altered by FGFR1 ablation. Detailed characterization revealed that ablation of FGFR1 altered expression of multiple choline metabolism enzymes. Among the changes of FGFR1‐regulated choline metabolic enzymes, downregulation of choline kinase α (CHKA) is the most prominent changes, which phosphorylates free choline to phosphocholine. Ablation of FGFR1 blunted the activity of choline to promote cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, depletion of CHKA compromised FGF signaling activity in DU145 cells. We also first time demonstrated that FGFR1 formed complex with CHKA, suggesting that FGFR1 regulated CHKA at the posttranslational level. Together with the previous report that ectopic FGFR1 contributes to PCa progression and metastasis, our results here unravel a novel mechanism by which FGFR1 promotes PCa progression by dysregulating choline metabolism, and that the crosstalk between FGFR1‐choline metabolism can be a potential target for managing PCa progression.
Use of beta‐blockers and risk of contralateral breast cancer
Authors: Gottschau Mathilde , Bens Annet , Friis Søren , Cronin‐Fenton Deirdre , Aalborg Gitte Lerche , Jensen Maj‐Britt , Ejlertsen Bent , Kroman Niels , Mellemkjær Lene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeta‐blockers have shown antineoplastic effects in laboratory studies but epidemiologic evidence in relation to contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is sparse. We investigated postdiagnosis beta‐blocker use and risk of CBC in a cohort of 52 723 women with breast cancer by using nationwide Danish health registers and the Danish Breast Cancer Group database. We defined postdiagnosis beta‐blocker use as a time‐varying covariate starting 1 year after a second prescription was redeemed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CBC associated with beta‐blocker use compared to nonuse. We identified 1444 women with CBC of whom 209 women were beta‐blocker users. We found an overall HR of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.93‐1.27) for beta‐blocker use and risk of CBC with no substantial variation according to cumulative amount, intensity or selectivity of beta‐blocker use. Hence, our cohort study of women with breast cancer did not sustain a protective effect of beta‐blocker use on risk of CBC, irrespective of beta‐blocker type.
Evidence of positive selection on six spider developmental genes
Authors: Mariano‐Martins Pedro , Monfardini Raquel Dietsche , Lo‐Man‐Hung Nancy , Torres Tatiana Teixeira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpiders constitute more than 49,000 described species distributed all over the world, and all ecological environments. Their order, Araneae, is defined by a set of characteristics with no parallel among their arachnid counterparts (e.g., spinnerets, silk glands, chelicerae that inoculate venom, among others). Changes in developmental pathways often underlie the evolution of morphological synapomorphies, and as such spiders are a promising model to study the role of developmental genes in the origin of evolutionary novelties. With that in mind, we investigated changes in the evolutionary regime of a set of six developmental genes, using spiders as our model. The genes were mainly chosen for their roles in spinneret ontogeny, yet they are pleiotropic, and it is likely that the origins of other unique morphological phenotypes are also linked to changes in their sequences. Our results indicate no great differences in the selective pressures on those genes when comparing spiders to other arachnids, but a few site‐specific positive selection evidence were found in the Araneae lineage. These findings lead us to new insights on spider evolution that are to be further tested.
Panoramic radiography and patients with disability: a new simple breathing technique to reduce common airspace error
Authors: Scott Antonia M. , Reed Warren M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with intellectual disabilities often fail to follow traditional tongue position instructions for panoramic radiographs resulting in missed pathology or unnecessary further radiation. This simple breathing technique is a new clinical instruction method for panoramic radiography developed to reduce the most common patient position error: patient failure to hold the tongue to the roof of the mouth. The technique is suitable for all patients including young patients and those with intellectual disabilities. The simple breathing technique uses ‘tell‐show‐do’ communication methods and does not mention the tongue but utilises the known tongue positions that occur during breathing and swallowing. This simple breathing technique instruction for panoramic radiography uses a demonstration of ‘breathe‐in, breathe‐out, swallow, lips closed and hold still’ to reduce the intensity of both the palatoglossal and pharyngeal airspaces on panoramic radiographs. This method, referred in this article as the simple breathing technique, can improve the diagnostic potential of panoramic radiographs and can be used with young children and patients with intellectual disabilities, and this slow breathing technique can help them further relax.
Design thinking for innovation: Practices and intermediate outcomes
Authors: Jaskyte Kristina , Liedtka Jeanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an approach to creative problem solving, design thinking (DT) has received much attention in the practitioner and academic literature. It appears to be especially well‐suited to the challenges facing the nonprofit sector. Despite the increasing interest in this method, scholarly literature about the actual effectiveness of DT is minimal. Most common output‐oriented measures of innovativeness (e.g., number of new product introductions or number of patents) used to show the impact of DT do not capture the perceived benefits of using DT. The review of existing literature points to the need for a more nuanced exploration of the mechanisms behind DT's effectiveness for innovation and performance by identifying the intermediate outcomes. The research discussed in this paper contributes to DT literature by identifying and assessing DT practices and intermediate outcomes and assessing the relationship between them in a diverse sample of practitioners from business, government, and nonprofit sectors. Our findings demonstrate that DT practices are associated with a rich and varied array of positive intermediate outcomes—not only for those being designed for but also for the innovators using it, their teams and organizations, and even the larger systems in which they operate. Team formation and functioning, Discovery and Ideation, and Prototyping and Experimentation practices were associated with the following intermediate outcomes: improved implementation and adaptation, individual psychological benefits, network capability and resource enhancement, increased solution quality, and trust‐building.
Employing radiography (X‐rays) to localize lesions in human skeletal remains from past populations to allow accurate biopsy, using examples of cancer metastases
Authors: Mitchell Piers D. , Dittmar Jenna M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClinical research into biomolecules from infectious diseases and cancers has advanced rapidly in recent years, with two key areas being DNA analysis and proteomics. If we wish to understand important diseases and their associated biomolecules in past populations, techniques are required that will allow accurate biopsy of lesions in excavated human skeletal remains. While locating lesions visible on the surface of a bone is simple, many lesions such as cancer metastases are located in the medulla of bones, unseen on visual inspection. Here, we use two novel image guided techniques to investigate how plain radiographs may improve accuracy in the localization of lesions within bones from medieval individuals. While both techniques were effective, we found the grid technique required fewer radiographs than the pointer technique to employ and so was responsible for a lower overall radiation dose. We then discuss methods available for biopsy in archeological bone and how the optimal location for the biopsy of malignant lesions will vary depending upon whether the tumor is blastic or lytic in nature. Limitations of this X‐ray guided approach include that not all cancer metastases are visible on plain radiographs, as erosion of cortical bone is frequently required for visualization of lytic metastases using this imaging modality.
Thin and efficient EMI shielding materials from binary thermoplastic blend nanocomposites
Authors: Kunjappan Aswathi Madathinal , Reghunadhan Arunima , Ramachandran Ajitha A. , Mathew Lovely , Padmanabhan Moothetty , Laroze David , Thomas Sabu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEMI shielding materials and related research are of very relevance in this era of electronic gadgets. Here this report presents a binary thermoplastic blend nanocomposite system comprising poly‐(trimethylene terephthalate) and polyethene compatibilized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which are showing superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding compared to similar systems. The blend composition with a 90/10 ratio of PTT/PE was showing the optimum properties when a MWCNT concentration of 1 wt% was incorporated. The compatibilization efficacy was analyzed and confirmed through scanning and tunneling electron microscopes. The MWCNTs are preferably localized in the PTT phase. The blend system provides an electrical percolation threshold of 0.19 wt% due to the double percolating effect of the blend system and MWCNT in the PTT phase. It was observed that the EMI shielding value shows a corresponding increase with MWCNT loadings. The most favorable value obtained for EMI shielding effectiveness was ~32 dB and it was with 3 wt% MWCNT of film thickness 2 mm in range of frequency 2–4 GHz. The PTT/PE/MWCNT system was not considered for EMI applications anywhere else. The theoretical support of the experimental data was examined for DC conductivity employing different models such as Voet, Bueche, and Scarisbrick and the actual contribution of reflection, absorption, transmission loss to the total EMI shielding was done with Power balance. The present work is a facile and cost‐effective method to fabricate lightweight and materials with high EMI shielding properties for mobile phones.
Coconut waste fiber used as brake pad reinforcement polymer composite and compared to standard Kevlar‐based brake pads to produce an asbestos free brake friction material
Authors: Ali Sarafat , Kumar Naresh , Grewal Jasmaninder Singh Grewal , Thakur Vikas , Chau Kwok Wing , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe awareness of eco‐friendly materials has increased the demand for natural fibers. Natural fibers have many advantages over other materials like short growing time, easy availability, cheap, and eco‐friendly with good mechanical properties. WHO has announced that trending materials have many side effects on the environment and on human beings. Asbestos has been already a proven cause of many cancers. In this research Coconut fiber, a natural fiber has been used in the brake pad as a brake friction material. The different percentage of Coconut fiber 2‐8  wt% was used to develop new brake pad samples and that compared to standard brake pad material (Kevlar with 2%–4%). The results of physic‐mechanical properties reveal that tensile modulus, ultimate compressive strength, impact energy, and flexural strength were showing good performance at 2% polymer composites matrix, and ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, and proof showing good performance at 6% fibers contents in brake pad composites. Thermal stability for Coconut fiber fibers composites increases with increases the fiber contents.
Revisiting Zeta Potential, the Key Feature of Interfacial Phenomena, with Applications and Recent Advancements
Authors: Kamble Shashikant , Agrawal Santosh , Cherumukkil Sandeep , Sharma Vipul , Jasra Raksh Vir , Munshi Pradip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSurface of a particle is inevitably charged. When the particle is surrounded by a fluid a potential difference arises between the surface and bulk, called zeta potential (ζ) which controls many interfacial properties of the particle involving in suspension, emulsion, colloid etc. Many phenomena happening around us have at least one step that passes through an interface. Thus, the application of ζ is practically uncountable. Discovered in late 19th century, almost past 120 years, the application of ζ has emerged in many areas to meet the fruitful need of mankind. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report disclosed citing the applications at one place as a ready tool for the readers. The present review accumulates extensive survey of literature, bringing out various aspects of ζ in chemistry, engineering, biology, material, and environmental sciences. A brief theoretical background mentioning the principle and practical applications were focused.
Paclitaxel Delivery by Cationic Gelatin Nanoparticles
Authors: Gülsu Aydan , Kıllı Büşra , Alper Mehlika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have gained importance since they improve the therapeutic value of various water insoluble drugs and bioactive molecules by improving bioavailability, solubility and retention time. Nanosized drug delivery systems provide enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic control compared to free drugs. In this study, cationic gelatin nanoparticles were first prepared by the two step desolvation method and then their in vitro Paclitaxel (Ptx) delivery ability was evaluated. Resulting nanoparticles were analyzed for their in vitro cytotoxic effect in two different cell lines. The experimental results showed that spherical gelatin nanoparticles had a zeta potential of approximately +15.5 mV and the average size of the particles was 10.3±0.42 nm. Ptx release from gelatin nanoparticles exhibited an initial burst release followed by diffusion of the drug in a sustained manner and finally polymer erosion occured up to 38 days. In vitro cell viabilitiy analysis showed that Ptx loaded gelatin nanoparticles inhibited the growth of A549 and HT29 cells more effectively than the free drug. Based on these findings, it can be stated that cationic gelatin nanoparticles may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many cancers.
Synthesis of homo‐ and copolymers of para‐diethynylbenzene in the presence of the cobalt carbonyl ‐ diphenylbutadiyne complex
Authors: Misin Vyacheslav M. , Maltseva Irina E. , Maltsev Alexander A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHomopolymerization of para‐diethynylbenzene and its copolymerization with 1,4‐diphenylbutadiyne (DPDA) in a boiling solution using carbonyl cobalt‐DPDA complex as a catalyst leads to the formation of weakly branched polymers with high thermal‐oxidative stability.
Effects of Needle Coke Conductive Additive on the Performance of Graphite/Resin Composite Plates
Authors: Wang Xiaocan , Liu Chen , Wu Lin , Zou Yanhong , Yang Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, the graphite/resin composite plates were prepared via a facile ball milling strategy. The needle coke (NC) as a conductive additive was studied on effects of treated by ball milling on the electrical conductivity, mechanical property of the composite plates. All the characterizations showed that after ball milling, the NC particles have smaller particle size, and more uniform particle size distribution, which enhanced the interfacial adhesion between particles and resin. Due to the difference in shape and size between the auxiliary conductive filler and flake graphite, the addition of NC particles can easily fill the gap between flake‐like graphite and phenolic resin. The uniform distribution of these fillers improves the cross‐linking density, and the conductive path was added between the flake‐like graphite and the resin, which improved the electric conductivity of composit plate from 26.32 S cm−1 to 149.23 S cm−1. Such a prominent performance was attributed to the synergistic effects between the uniformly incorporated NC and the graphite/resin composite adhesive system.