bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the vertical structure of the atmosphere over North-West India during winter season
Authors: ROY SOMA SEN , ROY BHOWMIK S. K. 
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the structural changes of the atmosphere in relation to the passage of Western Disturbances (WD) over Delhi, during winter season using data for the period December 2001 to February 2002. Various thermodynamic and dynamic parameters such as Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Convective Inhibition Energy (CINE), precipitable water content and vorticity over Delhi have been computed based on model analysis fields of India Meteorological Department. Although, a clear increase in the value of CAPE is noticed on most of the days of occurrence of rainfall over the station, this is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of rainfall nor is the amount of rainfall very well correlated to the value of CAPE. The vertical profile of the daily specific humidity reveals that each spell of disturbed weather is preceded and accompanied by deep positive moisture anomalies over the station. The equivalent potential temperature profile shows that this sudden increase in moisture associated with the passage of WD is due to advection of moisture over the station. This again is validated by the synoptic charts, which demonstrate the moisture feed in the boundary layer from the Arabian Sea. The rainfall amount is not very well correlated to the thermodynamic parameters considered. However, rainfall amount is found to have a stronger dependence on positive vorticity field of the lower troposphere. This reflects the stronger dynamic forcing of the rainfall activity over the station. The northward tilt of the ridge line in the lower troposphere in association with rainfall demonstrates that the rainfall activity over the station is primarily caused by the induced surface low in association with the upper level troughs of a WD. Hence the trigger for the rainfall activity over the station and hence this region, during this season is primarily dynamic in nature and local convective structure of the atmosphere does not play a very determining role in the entire process.
Prediction of summer monsoon rainfall over northwest region of India using an OLR index
Authors: SRIVASTAVA A. K. , RAJEEVAN M. 
Published: January 2022

Although, monsoon rainfall (June-September) over the country as a whole has shown some resilience for variations, it has shown remarkable variations over smaller regions viz. over the Northwestern parts of the country. This study is an attempt to predict seasonal rainfall departure over the Northwest India with the help of an “area averaged OLR anomaly index” associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over parts of North Atlantic Ocean during May. Using the OLR anomaly index developed in this study for the period 1979-2000, a simple regression equation was developed and the performance of the model was evaluated through the “Cross validation” technique. The Root Mean Square (RMS) error of the model (9.73) was much less than the standard deviation (17.51) of the rainfall over NW India, indicating the skill of the model.
Synoptic weather conditions during ARMEX
Authors: HATWAR H. R. , JENAMANI RAJENDRA KUMAR , KALSI S. R. 
Published: January 2022

The paper briefly describes the salient synoptic weather conditions that prevailed over Indian subcontinent during the two phases of ARMEX programme along with some documentation of some unique observed features e.g. rainfall, wind and cloud pattern, etc. in intraseasonal time scale with the hope that these inputs will be helpful to other researchers working on ARMEX data for further diagnostic or prognostic studies. There were five intense observation periods (IOP) during ARMEX phase-I (15 June - 16 August 2002) when some parts of West Coast of India received heavy rainfall. Important synoptic systems that prevailed during different IOPs are described. In the ARMEX phase-II (15 March - 10 April 2003 and 15 May - 15 June 2003) there was only one IOP which coincided with the onset of monsoon over Kerala and its advance into Coastal Karnataka and Konkan-Goa. The synoptic conditions along with rainfall distribution during this period are described in the paper. A few diagnostic parameters like kinetic energy and outgoing long-wave radiation are also presented.
Wave hindcast for the Indian Ocean region covering the period of ARMEX-I (June-August 2002)
Authors: SWAIN J. , DE CHANCHAL , SINGH M. K. , VIJAYAKUMAR D. , VENKITACHALAM N. R. 
Published: January 2022

Wave hindcast has been carried out for the Indian Ocean (30°-120° E, 30° S - 30° N) region covering ARMEX, PHASE-I observational programme (June-August 2002). The analysed wind fields at six hourly intervals provided by National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (NCMRWF), New Delhi is used to drive the third generation wave model “WAM” (1.5° × 1.5° resolution). The primary objectives of this hindcast, is to provide the sea-state information for the period of ARMEX which would help in research applications and to implement WAM operationally for the Indian Ocean to meet various requirements in future. The model was earlier validated using the Ship Borne Wave Recorder (SBWR) data collected onboard INS Sagardhwani, the visual estimates reported in the Indian Daily Weather Report (IDWR) published by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and time-series buoy measurements of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT). The model outputs are compared with the available buoy data of NIOT. The comparisons between the hindcast wave parameters and measurements reveal that the model could predict wave heights with errors ranging from ±12% to ±20%.
Como os estudantes em mobilidade ERASMUS na Universidade de Aveiro percebem as variedades do português?
Authors: Barbosa Juliana Bertucci , De Freitas Velúnia Tristão 
Published: January 2022

Os estudantes em mobilidade na Universidade de Aveiro cursam pelo menos uma disciplina de Português como Língua Estrangeira durante o período de intercâmbio. Mesmo que a variedade ensinada seja a variedade europeia, esses alunos têm contato com outras variedades do português. Este trabalho investigou quais são as atitudes e percepções linguísticas desses alunos em relação a variedade brasileira e europeia. Para que isso fosse possível, elaboramos um teste de atitude e percepção linguística, com base na teoria variacionista, e aplicamos através da plataforma Google Forms. Os níveis linguísticos mais suscetíveis à avaliação dos estudantes foram o fonológico, lexical e monitoramento estilístico (grau de formalidade). As expressões avaliativas associadas mais frequentemente à variedade brasileira foram “mais fácil”, “mais clara” e “mais suave” e as expressões mais frequentemente associadas à variedade europeia foram “mais difícil”, “menos clara” e “mais formal”. Além disso, os estudantes expressaram consciência acerca da variedade linguística e não demonstraram atitudes e avaliações com preconceito linguístico.
Experiências exitosas no ensino de português para estrangeiros no ISF-UFAL
Authors: Oliveira Eliane Vitorino de Moura , Rocha Raul De Carvalho , Cavalcante Ringo Star De Holanda , SILVA Waldenia Maria Da 
Published: January 2022

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, um relato de experiência docente realizada em dois cursos de ensino de Português para Estrangeiros, no âmbito do Idioma sem Fronteiras (ISF) da Faculdade de Letras–UFAL, em que língua e cultura, ou língua-cultura, nas palavras de Mendes (2015), são trabalhadas associadamente, tanto no ensino de gêneros acadêmicos, quanto nas abordagens apresentadas em filmes com temáticas Nordestinas. Objetivamos, com o trabalho, refletir sobre a relevância do olhar altruísta sobre a língua-cultura do outro, e levar o outro a nos enxergar sob a mesma lente. A fundamentação se dá nas teorias da Linguística Aplicada, em sua visão sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, em especial à relacionada ao Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) e a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que analisa o ambiente natural da sala de aula, utilizando a observação como técnica. Com as discussões, conclui-se que a prática pedagógica utilizada, nomeadamente a abordagem intercultural em aulas dialogadas e reflexivas, foi relevante para a concreta aprendizagem dos alunos de outras línguas.
Sexualidades “invertidas” e transgressoras: Bom-Crioulo e o determinismo no naturalismo brasileiro
Authors: Wels Erica Schlude , Germano Aline de Freitas 
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do presente artigo é, primeiramente, reunir algumas visões da historiografia literária brasileira, acerca da obra Bom-Crioulo, de Adolfo Caminha (1991 [1895]). A despeito da polêmica que o cercou, quando da sua publicação, o romance é visto com um dos pioneiros, em língua portuguesa, no tratamento do homoerotismo. Nossa hipótese principal é a centralidade da temática da sexualidade, compondo um trágico triângulo amoroso marcado tanto por avanços – herói negro, romance interracial, denúncia dos castigos físicos na marinha, quanto por retrocessos, ou permanências – insistência numa postura ativa (tipo masculino, como Amaro) versus passiva (tipo feminino, como o jovem grumete Aleixo). Assim, a obra embaralha os gêneros (Amaro – Aleixo – Carolina), para em seguinda sustentar certos essencialismos ao demarcar tipos masculinos e femininos. Tal postura é condizente com o arcabouço teórico científico da época, base do ideário naturalista, presente no pensamento de Sigmund Freud, aqui sintetizado. Nas chamadas “inversões”, assim como nos conceitos de “pulsão” e “libido”, teorizados por Freud, ecoam as descobertas de Charles Darwin.
Planejamento empresarial e tributário de Startups: definições e características específicas.
Authors: Santana Agatha Gonçalves , Ferreira Vanessa Rocha , Silva Reginaldo Costa da 
Published: January 2022

Texto que se propõem a analisar aspectos específicos do planejamento empresarial e tributário do novo modelo de empresas conhecido como startups. O objetivo central deste artigo é demonstrar a necessidade de modernização de critérios de planejamentos que são utilizados por empresas tradicionais. A metodologia aplicada é do tipo teórica, nos seus subtipos bibliográfica e documental, utilizando-se dos critérios de análise qualitativa e aplicando-se o método de análise predominantemente dedutivo. Ao final, defende-se que o adequado planejamento empresarial e tributário permite o adequado desenvolvimento jurídico e econômico das empresas, especialmente no caso das startups, modelo com características únicas, face ao uso das tecnologias e da utilização diferenciada do seu capital.
O regime de informação da comunicação científica: uma abordagem
Authors: Freire Gustavo Henrique de Araujo 
Published: January 2022

Objetivos: Tem como objetivo geral identificar a literatura que aborda ações de informação desenvolvidas no ciberespaço através de redes sociais de periódicos para comunicação e divulgação do conhecimento científico para a sociedade. Os objetivos específicos são: mapear a produção da área de Ciência da Informação que aborda as redes sociais na comunicação e divulgação científica; descrever a rede de periódicos e os descritores que formam o escopo epistemológico da comunicação e divulgação científica, e redes sociais; apresentar o regime de informação que envolve a comunicação e divulgação científica. Metodologia: A pesquisa é exploratória, descritiva, e de natureza qualitativa, utilizando técnicas de pesquisa documental, organizando os resultados a partir de categorias para alcançar os objetivos traçados. Resultados esperados: Espera-se propiciar uma contribuição para o enriquecimento dos estudos da temática na Ciência da Informação, bem como a compreensão de como o processo de comunicação e divulgação científica está utilizando esse novo canal de comunicação, na dimensão técnica, social e econômica. Esse processo poderá revelar possibilidades, limitações e aplicações futuras das redes sociais digitais para o periódico científico, não só no contexto da Ciência da Informação como, também, em outras áreas do conhecimento científico.
PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL ELITES AND COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION OF VIRGINIA ON THE EVE OF THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Макаров Е.П. 
Published: January 2022

В работе анализируются особенности политической и экономической обстановки, сложив-шейся в Виргинии к началу 1760-х гг. Отдельного внимания заслуживает проблема формирования самосознания торгово-финансовой элиты Виргинии, заметного на фоне международных полити-ческих процессов данного периода. Обратившись к вопросу неоднородности виргинской колони-альной элиты, а также выделив участников колониального политического процесса, можно про-следить становление и эволюцию виргинской аристократии в период обострения противоречий между колониальным обществом и властью метрополии.
The paper analyzes the features of the political and economic situation that had developed in Virginia by the beginning of the 1760s. Special attention should be paid to the problem of the formation of self-awareness of the commercial and financial elite of Virginia, noticeable against the background of the international political processes of this period. Turning to the issue of the heterogeneity of the Virginian colonial elite, as well as highlighting the participants in the colonial political process, one can trace the process of the formation and evolution of the Virginian aristocracy during the period of aggravation of the contradictions between colonial society and the power of the metropolis.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TWO-PARITY SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE XIXth CENTURY
Authors: Жолудов М.В. 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности развития партийно-политической системы Велико-британии в XIX в. Особое внимание уделено исследованию влияния парламентских реформ на формирование партийных структур. Автор подчеркивает роль парламентской реформы 1832 г., положившей начало серьезным преобразованиям парламентской системы государства. В результа-те произошла трансформация двухпартийного тандема «виги – тори» в связку «либералы – кон-серваторы». Утверждается также, что к концу XIX в. в Великобритании были созданы массовые политические партии современного типа.
The article deals with the specific features of the development of the party and political system of Great Britain in the XIXth century. The author emphasizes the role of the parliamentary reform of 1832, which marked the beginning of serious transformations of the parliamentary system of the state. As a result, there was a transformation of the bipartisan tandem of “Whig – Tory” into a bunch of “Liberals – Conservatives”. It is also argued that by the end of the XIXth century mass political parties of the modern type were created in Great Britain.
FEATURES OF THE DOMESTIC TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE 1920–1930s (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA MEDICAL INSTITUTE)
Authors: Столяров О.Д. 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные изменения, произошедшие в советском высшем меди-цинском образовании в конце 1920-х и 30-е гг. Эти преобразования проводились в соответствии со сложившейся в 20-е гг. системой теоретических положений, касавшихся представлений как о бу-дущем социалистическом здравоохранении, так и о природе советского образования. Выделяются основные элементы этой идейной системы (положения о профилактической медицине как основе здравоохранения, о необходимости тесной взаимосвязи между практикой, образованием и наукой, и т. д.), устанавливаются взаимосвязи между ними. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается процесс частичного свертывания этих преобразований в период второй пятилетки и анализируются причи-ны такого изменения государственной политики в данной области. Сделан вывод, что период раз-вития советского высшего медицинского образования, длившийся с конца 1920-х по конец 1930-х гг., распадается на три этапа, каждый из которых частично отрицал предыдущий, в основном со-храняя достигнутые результаты.
The article discusses the main changes that occurred in the Soviet higher medical education in the late 1920s and 1930s. It is stated that these transformations were carried out in accordance with the sys-tem of theoretical provisions that had developed in the 20s, concerning ideas both about the future of so-cialist health care and about the nature of Soviet education. The main elements of this ideological system are highlighted (the provisions on preventive medicine as the basis of health care, the need for a close re-lationship between practice, education and science, etc.), the interrelationships among them are estab-lished. In addition, the article examines the process of partial curtailment of these transformations during the second five-year plan and analyzes the reasons for such a change in state policy in this area. It is con-cluded that the period of development of Soviet higher medical education, which lasted from the late 20s to the late 30s, falls into three stages, each of which partially negated the previous one, mainly preserving the achieved results.
THE ITALIAN THEMES ON THE PAGES OF BRITISH PERIODICALS IN THE EARLY 60s OF THE XIXth CENTURY
Authors: Гелла Т.Н. 
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена вопросам презентации политических событий в Италии 1861–1862 годов на страницах британских периодических изданий. Основной акцент в статье сделан на анализе от-ношения английских современников к процессам образования Итальянского королевства, роли видных итальянских политических деятелей на завершающем этапе Рисорджименто и на воспри-ятии британцами особенностей национального характера итальянцев.
The article is devoted to the presentation of political events in Italy in 1861–1862 on the pages of British periodicals. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of the attitude of English contemporaries to the processes of the formation of the Italian Kingdom, the role of prominent Italian political figures at the final stage of the Risorgimento, and the perception of the peculiarities of the national character of the Italians by the British.
REVOLUTION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF H. WALPOLE
Authors: Креленко Н.С. 
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена анализу восприятия Х. Уолполом конфликта между Великобританией и североамериканскими колониями. Х. Уолпол был близким к придворным кругам членом парла-мента, видным интеллектуалом. Его отношение к происходившим событиям отражены в письмах, которые он писал своим единомышленникам и знакомым. Содержание писем позволяет просле-дить, как менялись взгляды и настроения их автора, как корректировалась вигская система ценно-стей по мере изменения политической ситуации.
The article is devoted to the analysis of H. Walpole's perception of the conflict between Great Britain and the North American colonies. H. Walpole was a member of parliament close to court circles and a prominent intellectual. His attitude to the events that took place are reflected in the letters that he wrote to his associates and acquaintances. The content of the letters allows us to trace how the views and moods of their author were changing, how the Whig system of values was corrected as the political situation changed.
“IRISH WAR” AND INTERNAL SECURITY’ STRATEGY IN THE XXth CENTURY’ BRITAIN
Authors: Малкин С.Г. 
Published: January 2022

На протяжении продолжительного времени историки и эксперты рассматривали Войну за независимость Ирландии в 1919–1921 гг. как первый масштабный и неудачный опыт британских сил безопасности по противодействию повстанческой активности современного типа. В статье об-ращается внимание на ряд важных аспектов участия британских сил безопасности в «Ирландской войне», все еще недооцененных в академических и экспертных кругах. С теоретической точки зрения особый интерес в этом смысле представляют параллели как тактического, так и стратеги-ческого характера, c беспорядками в Северной Ирландии в 1968–1998 гг. Однако основу исследо-вательского подхода в данной статье составляет сопоставление архивных свидетельств и спектра угроз Британской империи во время «Ирландской войны».
For the most part historians and experts share the view that the “Irish War” of Independence in 1919–1921 was the first and an unsuccessful experience for the British army in conducting modern counterinsurgency. This article highlights some important aspects of the British forces’ conduct in the “Irish war” still are undervalued in academic and expert circles. Theoretically there are useful parallels, tactical as well as strategic, in concern with the Northern Ireland Troubles in 1968–1998, which formed a special interest. But the main research approach of this article based on comparisons of the archival evidence with the specter of threats for the British Empire during the “Irish war”.
WOMAN AND POWER: THE LIMITS OF THE PERMISSIBLE (FRANCE, XIV–XVth CENTURIES)
Authors: Кузьмина М.В. 
Published: January 2022

В статье ставится вопрос о границах допустимого участия женщины в политической жизни во Франции в XIV–XV вв. Утверждается, что только те женщины, которые происходили из знатных и богатых семей, владевших земельной собственностью, имевшие влиятельных и богатых отцов, мужей, сыновей, могли рассчитывать на политическое влияние и проявление своих политических амбиций. Однако даже соответствие вышеуказанным критериям не гарантировало женщине быть приобщенной к власти, поскольку быть во власти – дело практически невозможное для женщин средневекового общества. Особо стоит вопрос о королевах, которые только в качестве регена королевства (как это произошло с супругой Карла VI Изабеллой Баварской) получали политическую власть, т. е. сам по себе статус королевы не означал, что она самостоятельно могла осуществлять власть, не делегированную ей королем.
The article raises the question of the permissible limits of the women participation in political life in France in the XIV–XVth centuries. It is argued that only those women who came from noble and wealthy families, whose fathers, husbands, sons owned large land property, could provide political influ-ence and the manifestation of their political ambitions. However, even meeting the above criteria did not guarantee a woman to be involved in power, since being in power is an almost impossible task for women in medieval society. There is a special thing to speak about queens who only as regents of the kingdom (as happened with the wife of Charles VI Isabella of Bavaria) could receive political power, i. e. queen status in itself did not mean that she could independently exercise power not delegated to her by the king.
CHIANG KAI-SHEK AND THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR IN FBI ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Левин Я.А. 
Published: January 2022

Гражданская война в Китае стала временем острого столкновения интересов США и СССР в разгорающейся «холодной войне», поэтому, не удивительно, что американские спецслужбы про-являли повышенный интерес к этому региону. Чан Кайши – лидер условно проамериканской Ки-тайской Республики очень быстро проявил себя ненадёжным союзником, что во многом повлияло на ход войны. Информация о коррупции, махинациях и различных сложностях политики в этой части Китая стала доступна американскому руководству, в том числе и благодаря работе спец-служб.
The Chinese civil war was a time of sharp clash between the interests of the United States and the USSR in the flaring Cold War, so it is not surprising that the American intelligence services showed an increased interest in this region. Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the conditionally pro-American Republic of China, very quickly proved to be an unreliable ally, which largely influenced the course of the war. In-formation about corruption, fraud and various political complexities in this part of China has become available to the American leadership, including due to the work of intelligence agencies.