bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global climate model ensemble for downscaled monthly climate normals over North America
Authors: Mahony Colin R. , Wang Tongli , Hamann Andreas , Cannon Alex J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUse of downscaled global climate model projections is expanding rapidly as climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning become mainstream in many sectors. Many climate change impact analyses use climate model projections downscaled at very high spatial resolution (~1 km) but very low temporal resolution (20‐ to 30‐year normals). These applications have model selection priorities that are distinct from analyses at high temporal resolution. Here, we select a 13‐model ensemble and an 8‐model subset designed for robust change‐factor downscaling of monthly climate normals, and describe their attributes in North America. All models are selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) archives. The 13‐model ensemble is representative of the distribution of equilibrium climate sensitivity, grid resolution, and transient regional climate changes in the CMIP6 generation. The 8‐model subset is consistent with the IPCC's recent assessment of the very likely range of Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity. Our results emphasize several principles for selection and use of downscaled climate ensembles: (a) the ensemble must be observationally constrained to be meaningful; (b) analysis of multiple models is essential as the ensemble mean alone can be misleading; (c) small (<8‐member) ensembles should be region‐specific and used with caution; (d) higher grid resolution is not necessarily better; and (e) multiple simulations of each model/scenario combination are necessary to represent precipitation uncertainty. Although we have focused our documentation on North America, our model selection uses primarily global criteria and is applicable to downscaling climate normals in other continents. Downscaled projections for the selected models are available in ClimateNA (http://climatena.ca/). An accompanying web application (https://bcgov-env.shinyapps.io/cmip6-NA/) provides tools for further model selection and visualization of the ensemble.
Spatiotemporal climate variability in the Andes of northern Peru: Evaluation of gridded datasets to describe cloud forest microclimate and local rainfall
Authors: Newell Felicity L. , Ausprey Ian J. , Robinson Scott K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTropical montane cloud forest may be especially sensitive to climate change. However, our ability to understand effects of climate on montane biodiversity remains limited by the resolution of climate data. We compared 5 years of in situ weather data from cloud forests in northern Peru, regional weather stations, and gridded datasets to examine how climatologies reflect (a) forest microclimate buffering and (b) local rainfall in a sparse data region; we also examined spatiotemporal variability and regional trends. Across a 1,700–3,100 m gradient in which temperature did not covary with relative humidity (RH), in situ data showed interactions between climate and land‐use. Forest humidity buffered warming‐induced evaporative drying across elevations, and inside forest maximum vapour pressure deficit (VPDmax) did not change with elevation, whereas with a 22% reduction in RHmin at stations, VPDmax increased >10‐fold from high to low elevations. Cloud forest dried out on sunny days after 3 days without rain, especially during ENSO‐related drought concurrent with peak solar insolation. Climatologies were twice as precise for temperature as rainfall. Chelsa captured a 3.9°C reduction in maximum temperatures inside forest (MAE 1.6°C, R2 = 0.95) whereas WorldClim reflected drier lapse rates and higher Tmax outside forest. CHIRPS provided the best fit for monthly rainfall (MAE 23 mm, R2 = 48), capturing regional drought but underestimating rainfall >150 mm·month−1. Consistent with stations, CHIRPS showed strong support for regional increases in wet‐season rainfall. Reduced variability and more regular dry seasons were only detected by montane stations, especially south of 6°S, where rainfall seasonality shifted to earlier wet‐season peaks and reduced dry‐season rainfall as part of a transition from the Northern to Central Andes. Our results show that cloud forests may be partly buffered from warming but are likely to become extremely vulnerable under reduced humidity either through forest loss or drought.
Optimization of the brewing parameters on coffee extraction using a central composite rotatable design
Authors: Barroso Lívia Alves , Macedo Ana S. , Lemos Iara Lopes , de Andrade Neves Nathália , Schmiele Marcio , da Silveira João Vinícios Wirbitzki , Amaral Tatiana Nunes , Fonte Pedro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe consumption of cold brew is relatively new, and guidelines with conditions and parameters to produce cold brew are still lacking. In this study, the parameters to obtain cold brew coffee from Coffea arabica were optimized to obtain a coffee extract rich in caffeine and soluble solids. The effects of extraction time, particle size of ground coffee, extraction temperature, coffee‐to‐water ratio, stirring on caffeine yield, and soluble solids on caffeine concentrations were studied.ResultsOptimized parameters showed 45 min sufficed to perform a cold extraction at 4°C and 24°C. The parameters selected for validation were 24°C, 30% coffee‐to‐water ratio, a stirring of 400 rpm resulting in 3.98 mg/ml of extracted caffeine, 11.20 °Brix, and 93.9% of caffeine yield. The smaller particle size (595 μm) displayed the higher caffeine extraction of about 4 mg/ml.ConclusionThis study reveals the high efficiency of cold brew extraction and its potential at the industrial scale, decreasing costs with energy and extraction time, and producing a coffee rich in caffeine and soluble solids.
Chemical and enzymatic deinking efficiency of agricultural and industrial waste fiber‐based paper packaging
Authors: Sežun Mija , Karlovits Igor , Kavčič Urška 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeinking is an important part of paper recycling that involves the removal of ink particles from the paper fibres. This industrial process is important so that the fibres can be recirculated back into paper production, which enables better sustainability as fewer fresh fibres are needed. In this study, we examined five different alternative fibre materials from different agricultural residues and industrial processes for the pilot production of papers. Papers containing fibres from invasive plants (Japanese knotweed), dedicated crops (miscanthus, acacia), agricultural residues (tomato stems), and industrial waste (jute – fibres from coffee bags) were printed with water‐based flexo inks and deinked with two separate processes (chemical and enzymes). Mechanical (break and tensile index, breaking length) and optical properties (ISO whiteness, brightness and CIEL*a*b* values) were measured and ink elimination IR700 and deinking efficiency was calculated for the two deinking processes.RESULTSEnzymatic treatment improved the mechanical properties of deinked pulp in comparison with the classic chemical treatment. Mechanical strength for almost all papers increased slightly (breaking length up to 20% in tomato and jute), and the optical result (brightness) increased similarly for both processes due to the bleaching action of the colour‐shaded samples, whereas the deinking efficiency showed mixed results between chemical‑ and enzyme‐type deinking (with chemical achieving better elimination measured at 700 nm) in the typical range of ink elimination values (15–35%) for flexographic inks. This indicates further optimization of the deinking with enzymes is needed due to different alternative fibre compositions and variations of residues in the delignification processes.CONCLUSIONUsing a combination of adjusted enzymatic treatment as a precursor for deinking of paper‐based packaging materials sourced from alternative fibres showed promising results regarding mechanical properties, whereas the optical properties need to be improved with cellulase optimization or by using mixes of different enzymes. These kinds of paper materials printed with flexo inks were found to be successfully deinkable with the chemical ISO‐based deinking protocol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Icaritin‐elevated circ_0000190 suppresses the malignant progression of multiple myeloma by targeting miR‐301a
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Hui , Zhang Xin‐Ru , Zhang Qi , Chai Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIcaritin has potential anticancer effects on various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). Recent studies claim that Icaritin can regulate the expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the role of circular RNA_0000190 (circ_0000190) and functional mechanism in Icaritin‐treated MM. The expression of circ_0000190 and miR‐301a was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were investigated using flow cytometry assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of BAX, BCL2, MMP2, and CCND1 was detected by western blot. The predicted target relationship between circ_0000190 and miR‐301a was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The activation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway was examined using western blot. Circ_0000190 was strikingly downregulated in MM specimens and cell lines, and Icaritin promoted the expression of circ_0000190. In function, circ_0000190 overexpression promoted MM cell cycle arrest and apoptosis but restrained the ability of migration and invasion. Icaritin blocked the development of MM by increasing circ_0000190 expression. MiR‐301a was identified as a target of circ_0000190, and miR‐301a reintroduction largely abolished the effects of circ_0000190 overexpression. The activation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway was promoted by miR‐301a restoration. Icaritin played anticancer effects in MM partly by enhancing the expression of circ_0000190 and regulating the circ_0000190/miR‐301a pathway. This study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of Icaritin associated with circRNAs in MM.
Long‐Term Improvement in Localization for Cochlear Implant Users with Single‐Sided Deafness
Authors: Thompson Nicholas J. , Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , Richter Margaret E. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess whether early, significant improvements in sound source localization observed in cochlear implant (CI) recipients with normal hearing (NH) in the contralateral ear are maintained after 5 years of CI use.Study DesignProspective, repeated measures study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a sample of CI + NH listeners (n = 20) who received their device as part of a prospective clinical trial investigating outcomes of CI use for adult cases of single‐sided deafness. Sound source localization was assessed annually after the clinical trial endpoint (1‐year post‐activation). Listeners were asked to indicate the perceived sound source for a broadband noise burst presented randomly at varied intensity levels from one of 11 speakers along a 180° arc. Performance was quantified as root‐mean‐squared (RMS) error.ResultsLinear mixed models showed superior post‐activation performance was maintained with long‐term CI use as compared to preoperative abilities (P < .001). Unexpectedly, a significant improvement (P = .009) in sound source localization was observed over the long‐term post‐activation period (1–5 years). To better understand these long‐term findings, the response patterns for the 11 participants who were evaluated at the 1‐ and 5‐year visits were reviewed. This subgroup demonstrated a significant improvement in RMS error (P = .020) and variable error (P = .031), indicating more consistent responses at the 5‐year visit.ConclusionAdult CI + NH listeners experience significant improvements in sound source localization within the initial weeks of listening experience, with additional improvements observed after long‐term device use. The present sample demonstrated significant improvements between the 1‐year and 5‐year visits, with greater accuracy and consistency noted in their response patterns.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2453–2458, 2022
Assessment of human leukocyte antigen matching algorithm PIRCHE‐II on liver transplantation outcomes
Authors: Kok Gautam , Verstegen Monique M. A. , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S. , Metselaar Herold J. , Polak Wojciech G. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Spierings Eric , den Hoed Caroline M. , Fuchs Sabine A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For liver transplantations, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching is not routinely performed because observed effects have been inconsistent. Nevertheless, long‐term liver transplantation outcomes remain suboptimal. The availability of a more precise HLA‐matching algorithm, Predicted Indirectly Recognizable HLA Epitopes II (PIRCHE‐II), now enables robust assessment of the association between HLA matching and liver transplantation outcomes. We performed a single‐center retrospective cohort study of 736 liver transplantation patients. Associations between PIRCHE‐II and HLAMatchmaker scores and mortality, graft loss, acute and chronic rejection, ischemic cholangiopathy, and disease recurrence were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models. Associations between PIRCHE‐II with 1‐year, 2‐year, and 5‐year outcomes and severity of acute rejection were assessed with logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed for autoimmune and nonautoimmune indications, and patients aged 30 years and younger, and older than 30 years. PIRCHE‐II and HLAMatchmaker scores were not associated with any of the outcomes. However, patients who received transplants for autoimmune disease showed more acute rejection and graft loss, and these risks negatively associated with age. Rhesus mismatch more than doubled the risk of disease recurrence. Moreover, PIRCHE‐II was inversely associated with graft loss in the subgroup of patients aged 30 years and younger with autoimmune indications. The absence of associations between PIRCHE‐II and HLAMatchmaker scores and the studied outcomes refutes the need for HLA matching for liver (stem cell) transplantations for nonautoimmune disease. For autoimmune disease, the activated immune system seems to increase risks of acute rejection and graft loss. Our results may suggest the benefits of transplantations with rhesus matched but PIRCHE‐II mismatched donor livers.
High Pesticide Exposure Events and Dream‐Enacting Behaviors Among US Farmers
Authors: Yuan Yaqun , Shrestha Srishti , Luo Zhehui , Li Chenxi , Plassman Brenda L. , Parks Christine G. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Sandler Dale P. , Chen Honglei 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDream‐enacting behavior is a characteristic feature of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, the most specific prodromal marker of synucleinopathies. Pesticide exposure may be associated with dream‐enacting behaviors, but epidemiological evidence is limited.ObjectivesTo examine high pesticide exposure events in relation to dream‐enacting behaviors among farmers in the Agricultural Health Study.MethodsWe conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine high pesticide exposure events reported from 1993 to 1997 in relation to dream‐enacting behaviors assessed from 2013 to 2015 among 11,248 farmers (age 47 ± 11 years).ResultsA history of dream‐enacting behaviors was reported by 939 (8.3%) farmers. Compared with farmers who did not report any high pesticide exposure event, those who reported were more likely to endorse dream‐enacting behaviors 2 decades later (odds ratio = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.05). The association appeared stronger when there was a long delay in washing with soap and water after the event (2.63 [95% CI, 1.62–4.27] for waiting >6 hours vs. 1.71 [95% CI, 1.36–2.15] for washing within 30 minutes) and when the exposure involved the respiratory or digestive tract (2.04 [95% CI, 1.62–2.57] vs. 1.58 [95% CI, 1.29–1.93] for dermal contact only). In the analyses of specific pesticides involved, we found positive associations with two organochlorine insecticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and lindane), four organophosphate insecticides (phorate, ethoprop, terbufos, and parathion), two herbicides (alachlor and paraquat), and fungicides as a group.ConclusionsThis study provides the first epidemiological evidence that high pesticide exposures may be associated with a higher risk of dream‐enacting behaviors. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Association between psychotropic prescriptions and the total amount of psychotropics ingested during an intentional overdose: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Tanahashi Iori , Shiganami Takafumi , Iwayama Takayuki , Wake Taisei , Kobayashi Sayaka , Yoshimasu Haruo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between psychotropic prescriptions and the total amount of psychotropics ingested during a subsequent intentional overdose and to examine factors related to the number of psychotropic prescriptions.MethodsThe initial sample comprised 69 patients who were admitted to the emergency department of a general hospital in Japan following an intentional overdose via psychotropic medications. We performed retrospective hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the total amount of psychotropics ingested at the overdose as a dependent variable and factors related to deliberate self‐harm or overdose identified in previous studies as independent variables. We compared two models, one that did not (Step 1) and one that did (Step 2) include the number of different prescribed psychotropic medications as an independent variable in the analysis.ResultsForty‐seven patients were eligible for the analysis. The number of different prescribed psychotropic medications was associated with the total amount of psychotropics ingested at the overdose in Step 2 (β = 0.40, P = .01). There was a trend toward an association between the past number of deliberate self‐harm events and the total amount of psychotropics ingested at the overdose in Step 1 (β = 0.30, P = .05), but this trend was weakened in Step 2 (β = 0.15, P = .33).ConclusionThe number of different prescribed psychotropics appeared to influence the risk of subsequent intentional overdose through increasing the total amount of psychotropics ingested. Cumulative psychotropic prescriptions, particularly those delivered after deliberate self‐harm, might be indirectly related to this risk.
Influence of liquid polybutadiene on crosslinking network and mechanical properties of SSBR/BR
Authors: Liu Zi Yan , Han Liu , Wang Rui Jia , Feng Qiang , Liu Guang Yong , Yong Zhan Fu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) is widely used in tread compounds. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in TDAE is serious harm to the environment and human. In this paper, liquid polybutadiene (LPB) of different brands was used to replace TDAE to plasticize solution polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber/cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene rubber (SSBR/BR). The effects of liquid polybutadiene instead of TDAE on crosslinking network and mechanical properties of matrix rubber were studied. LPB could participate in vulcanization reaction (different from TDAE). The results showed that LPB effectively reduced the critical strain amplitude of Payne effect (ameliorated filler dispersion) compared with TDAE plasticizing SSBR/BR. The degree of crosslinking decreased slightly, but there was no significant difference in rolling resistance and wet skid resistance at the same sulfur content. Changing the sulfur content, the wet skid resistance of tread and tensile strength of SSBR/BR vulcanizate plasticized by LPB were significantly improved, and the effect of LPB with high 1,2‐vinyl content was better. In a word, LPB as a new environmental protection plasticizer can be used to effectively replace the TDAE plasticizing SSBR/BR.
Systematic review of drug–drug interactions between rifamycins and anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents and considerations for management
Authors: MacDougall Conan , Canonica Theora , Keh Chris , P. Phan Binh An , Louie Janice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRifamycins (rifampin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) play an essential role in the treatment of mycobacterial and some nonmycobacterial infections. They also induce the activity of various drug transporting and metabolizing enzymes, which can impact the concentrations and efficacy of substrates. Many anticoagulant and antiplatelet (AC/AP) agents are substrates of these enzymes and have narrow therapeutic indices, leading to risks of thrombosis or bleeding when coadministered with rifamycins. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects on AC/AP pharmacokinetics, laboratory markers, and clinical safety and efficacy of combined use with rifamycins. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidance was performed. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried for English‐language reports on combination use of rifamycins and AC/AP agents from database inception through August 2021. The 29 studies identified examined warfarin (n = 17), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (n = 8), and antiplatelet agents (n = 4) combined with rifampin (n = 28) or rifabutin (n = 1). Eleven studies were case reports or small case series; 14 reported on pharmacokinetic or laboratory markers in healthy volunteers. Rifampin‐warfarin combinations led to reductions in warfarin area under the curve (AUC) of 15%–74%, with variability by warfarin isomer and study. Warfarin dose increases of up to 3–5 times prerifampin doses were required to maintain coagulation parameters in the therapeutic range. DOAC AUCs were decreased by 20%–67%, with variability by individual agent and with rifampin versus rifabutin. The active metabolite of clopidogrel increased substantially with rifampin coadministration, whereas prasugrel was largely unaffected and ticagrelor saw decreases. Our review suggests most combinations of AC/AP agents and rifampin are problematic. Further studies are required to determine whether rifabutin or rifapentine could be safe alternatives for coadministration with AC/AP drugs.
Natural products in suppressing glioma progression: A focus on the role of microRNAs
Authors: Tabnak Peyman , Masrouri Soroush , Mafakheri Asrin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlioma is one of the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. Due to inadequate response to the current treatments available, glioma has been at the center of recent cancer studies searching for novel treatment strategies. This has prompted an intensive search using linkage studies and preliminary evidence to gain efficient insight into the mechanisms involved in the alleviation of the pathogenesis of glioma mediated by miRNAs, a group of noncoding RNAs that affect gene expression posttranscriptionally. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs can exacerbate the malignant features of tumor cells in glioma and other cancers. Natural products can exert anticancer effects on glioma cells by stimulating the expression levels of tumor suppressor miRNAs and repressing the expression levels of oncogenic miRNAs. In this review, we aimed to collect and analyze the literature addressing the roles of natural products in the treatment of glioma, with an emphasis on their involvement in the regulation of miRNAs.