bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIG LITTLE THIEFS - Kleptomania Treatment
Authors: Mouta S. , Correia J. , Fonseca Vaz I. , Freitas Ramos S. , Jesus B. , Fontes S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionKleptomania is characterized by recurrent failure to resist the impulse to steal items of little value despite the ego-dystonic impulse and awareness of the wrongfulness of the act. Its prevalence is considered to be 0.6–0.8% in the general population and it is mostly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Kleptomania is a disabling disorder since patients suffer from emotional distress and impaired functioning.ObjectivesAlthough there is no cure, treatment may help prevent Kleptomania worsening and its negative consequences. We propose a review of the therapeutic approach to this disease.MethodsNon-systematic literature review.ResultsNo effective treatment is available for Kleptomania. Better efficacy can be achieved by combining psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy. Different treatment interventions can be selected based on clinical similarities to other disorders, co-occurring conditions or behavioral core features. Patients with significant mood symptoms may benefit from mood stabilizers or antidepressants. For patients with shoplift cravings and/or family history of substance use disorders, Naltrexone may reduce symptoms. Stimulants may be useful for Kleptomania bassociated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder impulsivity. Benzodiazepines are effective in tension relief when used as adjuvants, at the beginning of treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy should be reserved for patients with treatment-resistant symptoms and comorbid depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has replaced Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic psychotherapies.ConclusionsTreatment helps decrease disruption to the person’s life, preventing the intense shame, legal, social, family, and occupational repercussions of Kleptomania. Although pharmaceutical and psychosocial interventions are available, we still lack specific treatments for Kleptomania.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychological Symptoms in Family of Death Patients with infectious diseases
Authors: Lacatusu G. , Sapaniuc C. , Manciuc D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLooking back into history, infectious diseases played an important role in human history being responsible, in terms of pathologies, for more deaths than any other disease.ObjectivesConsidering that infectious diseases have a high rate of transmissibility, with an acute debut and sometimes with a fast evolution to exitus, the impact of the news on families of the departed patient diagnosed with an infectious disease can come as a shock. We conducted a literature review regarding the the psychological symptoms, moruning and staging of processing a loss using the international database.MethodsWe conducted a literature review regarding the the psychological symptoms, moruning and staging of processing a loss using the international database.ResultsProcessing the unexpected death of a family member needs not only the implication of the physician but also the counseling of a specialized psychologist which can help the families through all stages of loss and grief.ConclusionsFor the family of deceased patients in hospitals, mourning and depression are a reality that the psychologist and the attending physician face every day. The team of psychologists and medical doctors are facing cases of severe shock and depression in parents, varying with the age of the child and of the young adult, in cases with an acute or severe disease leading to death.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Ludovico’s Technique: The Literary Depiction of Aversion Therapy in ‘A Clockwork Orange’
Authors: Wellington J. , Wellington A. , Abbasy M. , Bhagia M. , Myles D. , Bhure V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnthony Burgess’ novel ‘Clockwork Orange’ identifies the topical debates surrounding the use of aversion therapy (or aversive conditioning) as an effective treatment for addictive behaviours. Widely popularised in literature as ‘Ludovico’s Technique’, Burgess attempts to credit the misunderstanding and dramatization of its effects when the main protagonist is released from a prison sentence after undergoing this treatment.ObjectivesWe aimed to highlight the depictions of aversion therapy in modern popular literature.MethodsA narrative review of the current literature concerning aversion therapy and Anthony Burgess’s novel ‘A Clockwork Orange’ was conducted. Emphasis on the misinterpretation of aversive therapies was noted.Results

Since the introduction of pharmacological alternatives and additional forms of psychological therapies, there has been a decline in the use of aversion therapy in recent decades. However, it is still effective when conceding the conditioning process. Likewise, its predecessor’ visual imagery’ is believed to be a more acceptable and effective form.Conclusions
The depiction of aversion therapy in literature and media has played a role in shaping societal views on aversive conditioning techniques and the degree to which they are deemed acceptable forms of treatment. The “Ludovico Technique” featured in the novel ‘A Clockwork Orange’ and its film adaptation is arguably the most salient depiction of aversion therapy in popular culture.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis or Psychiatric disorder?
Authors: Freitas B. , Vasconcelos M.D.C. , Ramalheira F. , Terêncio D. , Moreira C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis commonly begins with a prodromal phase characterized by flu-like symptoms, subsequently the patients experience a rapid deterioration with psychiatric symptoms that may include anxiety, irritability, insomnia, paranoia, aggression, auditory or visual hallucinations, sexual disinhibition, mania, cognitive disorder, and psychosis; seizures; motor and autonomic dysfunction. The triggers of the disorder comprise viral infections, tumors, and other unknown factors. Taking in count the prominence of psychiatric symptoms, it is relevant to rise the question whether patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are being misdiagnosed with psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesNon-systematic literature review of the relationship between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and psychiatric disorders.MethodsFrom the review performed, 2 studies stand out: In one study, 459 serum samples for NMDA receptor antibodies were evaluated. The analysis compared samples from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and borderline personality disorder with nonpsychiatric controls. In another study, serum was obtained prospectively from a cohort (n = 46) of patients at first presentation of psychosis and NMDA receptor antibodies were measured.ResultsIn the first study, the authors found that 9.9%, 2.8%, and 0% of patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and borderline personality disorder, respectively, were antibody positive. In the second study, it was found that 7% of the patients were serum NMDA receptor antibody positive.ConclusionsIt is unclear yet if patients with primary psychotic disorders have higher rates of pathogenic NMDA receptor antibodies. More evidence is needed to study this relationship.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychosis as alzheimer disease debut: a case report
Authors: Vilella Martín C. , García Vázquez P. , Barrera García Y. , Fernández Perea P. , Heredero Sanz M.Á. , Serrano García A. , Gómez Martínez R. , Franch Pato C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychosis in Alzheimer’s disease has an incidence of ˜ 10% per year. Recent work has focused on the presence of psychosis in people with mild cognitive impairment, as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease.ObjectivesTo Study a case of Alzheimer’s disease presenting psychotic symptomsMethodsRetrospective review of clinical records and complementary test, including psychiatry, electrophysiology and neurology.ResultsA 40-year-old goes to the emergency room due to hetero-aggression at home. He says that his father steals his money and prostitues have been hired in his house. The patient is oriented, partially collaborative and approachable. Psychomotor restlessness is observed. He has self-referral delusions, auditory hallucinations and insomnia. Provisional diagnosis of acute psychotic episode made and low dose risperidone was prescribed. During his stay on the hospital Ward, sedation, recent memory alterations, spatio-temporal disorientation lack of initiative and disorganized behaviors appear. Risperidone is withdrawn and complementary test are performed. Imaging tests show temporal and frontal atrophy. Increased TAU protein and low levels of amyloid in CSF are found. Brain biopsy is +. His mother died of Alzheimer’s disease with 36 years-old and another affected brother with 42 yeras-old. The definitive diagnosis is Alzheimer’s disease and genetic studies are currently being carried out.ConclusionsAlzheimer’s disease can debut with psychosis. It is important to investigate family history of patients who begin with memory loss in the context of psychosisDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Protective role of glutathione in oxidative stress caused by cadmium and copper
Authors: Jovanovic Mirkovic J. , Kocic G. , Jurinjak Z. , Alexopoulos C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCadmium is defined as one of the leading toxic industrial pollutants (Valko i sar., 2005). Although some products containing cadmium can be recycled, much of the pollution with this metal is the result of inadequate disposal and uncontrolled incineration of cadmium-containing waste (Jarup, 2003). Copper particles are released into the atmosphere from copper smelters and ore processing facilities, as well as from anthropogenic sources (use of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides). Oxidative stress occurs due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease) or reduced ability of cells to neutralize it through their internal antioxidants (eg mutation of the superoxide dismutase gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to examine the protective role of supplement, GSH, S-donor ligand, and in conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with sublethal doses of cadmium-II-chloride and copper II sulfate.MethodsAfter medial laparotomy albino rates Wistar soy, a 10% homogenate of brain tissue was made in an appropriate medium and an analysis of acid and alkaline DNase activity was performed (Kocić i sar., 2004; Kocić i sar., 1998).ResultsThis experiment demonstrated the beneficial role of GSH supplement that exhibit antioxidant character in preventing and reducing the adverse effects of acute and chronic cadmium and copper intoxication.ConclusionsAntioxidants prevent the formation of oxidative stress in the cell by reducing and stopping DNA damage and degradation, and thus represent potential scavengers of free radicals.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The effects of compassion and fears of compassion on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational study across 21 countries
Authors: Matos M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented detrimental impact on mental health in people around the world. It is therefore important to examine factors that may buffer or heighten the risk of mental health problems in this context.ObjectivesThis study explores the buffering effects of different flows of compassion (for self, for others, from others) and the magnifying effects of fears of compassion on the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, and social safeness.Methods4057 adult participants collected from the general community population across 21 countries from Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Asia and Oceania, completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, compassion, fears of compassion, depression, anxiety, stress, and social safeness.ResultsSelf-compassion moderated the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, whereas compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of COVID-19 on social safeness. Fears of compassion moderated the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on psychological distress. Only fears of compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across countries.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the universal protective role of compassion, in particular self-compassion and compassion from others, in promoting resilience by buffering against the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Furthermore, our results reveal that fears of compassion have a magnifying effect on the damaging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness.DisclosureI wasn’t able to add the full list of authors above. Please add the full list as described below.
The role of substance use in the risk of not getting employed among young people: Prospective findings from the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: El Haddad R. , Matta J. , Lemogne C. , Melchior M. , Zins M. , Airagnes G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIt remains unclear whether substance use in youth could be associated with a lower likelihood of accessing employment.ObjectivesTo examine prospectively associations between substance use and the risk of not getting employed among young people.MethodsFrom the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 2,873 students who never worked were included between 2012 and 2018 and followed-up for 2.7 years in average. Generalized estimating equations computed the odds of being unemployed versus employed according to substance use at baseline controlling for sociodemographic factors and depressive state. Tobacco use (smoking status and number of cigarettes), cannabis use frequency, and at-risk alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (total score >7) were introduced separately in the models.ResultsTobacco use wasn’t significantly associated with employment. Cannabis use at least weekly, and at-risk alcohol use, were associated with increased odds of being unemployed (OR=1.85, 95%CI(1.29, 2.64)) and OR=1.34, 95%CI(1.04, 1.71)), respectively. Additional analyses on sub-scores of alcohol use suggested that the association was mainly driven by alcohol dependence rather than frequency of use.ConclusionsPublic health campaigns must target youth by advising them of the detrimental roles of regular cannabis use and at-risk alcohol use and their lower chances of getting employed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sociodemographic characteristics and correlates of Delta-8 THC use in US adults
Authors: Livne O. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Recent reports suggest that Delta-8 THC use has surged during the past year. Although Delta-8 THC is believed to have relatively low psychoactive potency, its effects are not well characterized and the associated individual and public health risks are unknown.ObjectivesIdentify patterns of Delta-8 THC use among US adult cannabis users and examine associations with sociodemographic characteristics and cannabis use-related variables.MethodsWe surveyed 4,349 US adult cannabis users recruited via online advertisements. We calculated frequencies of sociodemographic characteristics in past 30-day Delta-8 THC users. Odds ratios were used to indicate associations between sociodemographic characteristics and past 30-day Delta-8 THC use.ResultsRespondents aged 45–64 years were significantly more likely than other age groups to have used Delta-8 THC during the past 30 days (odds ratio=1.48, 95% CI 1.04, 2.11). Fifty-eight percent of the sample had heard of Delta-8 THC, 66.8% of which had first heard of it during the last year and 37.1% first heard of it via social media. The most common methods of consumption were vaping concentrates and edibles. We identified motivations for use of Delta-8 THC that potentially indicate a preference for legal options and/or a perception that Delta-8 THC has medical benefits.ConclusionsThis study provides a snapshot of patterns of Delta-8 THC use among US adult cannabis users. Further investigation of the perceived medical benefits of Delta-8 THC, the role of social media in promoting its use, and the effectiveness of restrictions on Delta-8 THC products would provide further information to guide public health policy regarding Delta-8
THC.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Use of ADHD Medication Among Danish Children and Adolescents from 2010-2020 - A Nationwide Study
Authors: Stoltz-Andersen M. , Wesselhoeft R. , Ernst M. , Rasmussen L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTo ensure rational drug use, there is a need to continuously monitor the use of ADHD medication among children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo describe the use of ADHD medication among Danish children and adolescents from 2010-2020.Methods
Using the Danish national healthcare registries, we extracted data on filled prescriptions of ADHD medication (including methylphenidate, atomoxetine, guanfacine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamphetamine) among children (age 6-12 years) and adolescents (age 13-17 years) between 2010-2020. We examined the annual incidence rate and prevalence proportion of ADHD drug use, and the proportion of children and adolescents having an ADHD diagnosis when initiating ADHD medication.Results
From 2010-2020, the incidence followed a u-shaped trend with an incidence rate of 4.9/1,000 children and 4.4/1,000 adolescents in 2010, decreasing to 3.2/1,000 children and 3.0/1,000 adolescents in 2013, and rising to 4.9/1,000 children and 4.8/1,000 adolescents in 2020. The prevalence for children showed a similar trend, shifting from 17/1,000 in 2010, to 15/1,000 in 2016, and peaking at 19/1,000 children in 2020. However, among adolescents the prevalence increased steadily from 19/1,000 in 2010 to 29/1,000 in 2020. 67% of children and 53% of adolescents initiating ADHD medication had an ADHD diagnosis.Conclusions
After an initial decline in incidence rates of ADHD medication use among Danish children and adolescents, there has been a rise in use the last five years. The same trend applied for the prevalence among children, whereas the prevalence among adolescents increased steadily over the entire period. More than half of children and adolescents initiating ADHD medication were diagnosed with ADHD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Use of hypnotic drugs among Scandinavian children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Wesselhøft R. , Rasmussen L. , Jensen P. , Jennum P. , Skurtveit S. , Hartz I. , Reutfors J. , Damkier P. , Bliddal M. , Pottegård A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHypnotic drug use in children and adolescents is widely debated.ObjectivesTo describe use of hypnotic drugs (melatonin, z-drugs and sedating antihistamines) among 5-24-year-old Scandinavians during 2012 to 2018.MethodsAggregate-level data from public data sources in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. We calculated annual prevalence (users/1000 inhabitants) stratified by sex, age group and country. Quantity of use (Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/user/day) was estimated for Norway and Denmark.ResultsMelatonin was most frequently used, with an increase from 2012 to 2018 in all countries. Sweden presented the highest rise (7 to 25/1,000) compared to Denmark (6 to 12/1,000) and Norway (10 to 20/1,000). The increase was strongest for females and 15-24-year-olds. Melatonin use was twice as common for males under age 15 years, and slightly more common for females thereafter. The annual prevalence of sedating antihistamine use doubled from 7 to 13/1,000 in Sweden, whereas it was more stable in Norway and Denmark, reaching 8/1,000 and 3/1,000, respectively. Z-drug use decreased in all countries, lowering to 4/1,000 in Sweden and Norway in 2018 and 2/1,000 in Denmark. The quantity of hypnotic use in Norway and Denmark was 1 DDD/user/day for melatonin, as compared to 0.1-0.3 for z-drugs and antihistamines.ConclusionsThere is an increasing use of melatonin and sedating antihistamines among Scandinavian children, adolescents and young adults. The increase is more pronounced in Sweden compared to Norway and Denmark. This Scandinavian discrepancy could reflect variation in frequency of sleep problems or national variation in clinical practice or health care access.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Oxytocin as a peripheral biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Natale A. , Fusar-Poli L. , Sturiale S. , Concerto C. , Aguglia A. , Amerio A. , Serafini G. , Amore M. , Aguglia E. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of life-long neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in social communication and by the presence of restricted interests or repetitive behaviors. Several genetic, biological, and psychosocial mechanisms seem to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of this complex condition. Preclinical models have shown a potential role of oxytocin (OT), a peptide involved in a complex range of behaviors, including those related to social interaction. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that OT levels may be decreased in autistic people.ObjectivesTo compare the levels of peripheral OT in autistic people vs neurotypical controls.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search up to December 2020 according to PRISMA guidelines. Final inclusion was based on the following criteria: (1) Participants: individuals of any age diagnosed with ASD; (2) Controls: neurotypical subjects; (3) Outcome: OT levels, either in saliva, serum, or plasma; (4) Study design: case-control. Meta-analyses are ongoing.ResultsWe finally included 21 papers published between 1998 and 2020, of which one recruited adult participants. Fifteen studies measured OT levels in plasma, 4 in saliva, and 2 in serum. Preliminary meta-analyses on 10 studies showed that peripheral OT levels in autistic individuals are reduced compared to neurotypical controls, with sex differences.ConclusionsOur preliminary findings show that peripheral OT might represent a potential biomarker for ASD. Future well-conducted case-control studies with a detailed phenotypical characterization of samples are needed to understand the role of OT deficits in specific subgroups.DisclosureNo significant relationships.