bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Model to Predict Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment by Using Radiomic and Amyloid Brain PET
Authors: Ciarmiello Andrea , Giovannini Elisabetta , Pastorino Sara , Ferrando Ornella , Foppiano Franca , Mannironi Antonio , Tartaglione Antonio , Giovacchini Giampiero ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe study aimed to develop a deep learning model for predicting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) diagnosis using radiomic features and amyloid brain PET.Patients and MethodsSubjects (n = 328) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database and the EudraCT 2015-001184-39 trial (159 males, 169 females), with a mean age of 72 ± 7.4 years, underwent PET/CT with18F-florbetaben. The study cohort consisted of normal controls (n = 149) and subjects with aMCI (n = 179). Thirteen gray-level run-length matrix radiomic features and amyloid loads were extracted from 27 cortical brain areas. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select features with the highest predictive value. A feed-forward neural multilayer network was trained, validated, and tested on 70%, 15%, and 15% of the sample, respectively. Accuracy, precision, F1-score, and area under the curve were used to assess model performance. SUV performance in predicting the diagnosis of aMCI was also assessed and compared with that obtained from the machine learning model.ResultsThe machine learning model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 90% (95% confidence interval, 89.4–90.4) on the test set, with 80% and 78% for accuracy and F1-score, respectively. The deep learning model outperformed SUV performance (area under the curve, 71%; 95% confidence interval, 69.7–71.4; 57% accuracy, 48% F1-score).ConclusionsUsing radiomic and amyloid PET load, the machine learning model identified MCI subjects with 84% specificity at 81% sensitivity. These findings show that a deep learning algorithm based on radiomic data and amyloid load obtained from brain PET images improves the prediction of MCI diagnosis compared with SUV alone.
Comprehensive Treatment of Lower Eyelid Plasty Based on Intraoral Fixation and Redistribution of Lower Eyelid Fat
Authors: Ding Kun , Wei Ranran , Zhang Shan , Dong Yanhui , Chang Huanchao , Liang Xiaoqin 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Eye bags especially give an impression of aging and mental exhaustion. At present, the surgical methods of bags mainly include conjunctival approach and lower eyelid skin approach. With the continuous upgrading of the concept of facial esthetics, the lower eyelid pouch surgery for middle-aged and elderly patients pays more attention to reducing surgical trauma, improving tear trough deformity along with the effacement of lid‑cheek junction.

Objective:
This paper discusses the clinical effect of the lower lid blepharoplasty involved orbital septum fat repositioning based on oral fixation via conjunctival approach combined with relaxation skin resection in the treatment of eye bags in elderly patient.

Methods:
Fifty elderly patients underwent blepharoplasty between January of 2021 and June of 2021 at our hospital. The lower eyelid orbital septum fat was released along with the prezygomatic space and the premaxillary space were stripped through the conjunctival approach. The released cellulite was redistributed in the prezygomatic space/premaxillary space and fixed in the oral vestibular with 5–0 Polysorb through the middle facial tunnel. Finally, the appropriate skin was finally removed.

Results:
After operation, 48 patients were satisfied with the operation results, with tight lower eyelid skin and natural lid‑cheek junction. One patient with conjunctival infection was cured after 7 days of antibiotic eye drops. One patient felt foreign body when chewing, and the symptoms disappeared naturally after 5 days without treatment.

Conclusion:
For middle-aged and elderly patients with bags, the surgical method in this study not only has good postoperative effect, but also has small damage to the lower eyelid orbicularis muscle. The appearance is natural and the lower eyelid skin is tight. The effacement of lid‑cheek junction and recreating a smooth transition of lower lid cheek interface, which can correct lacrimal groove deformity. The patients have high acceptance and satisfaction, which can be widely used in clinical practice.
Analysis of Native Kidney Function Recovery With Renal Scintigraphy Following Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Werneburg Glenn T. , Hettel Daniel R. , Mahajan Paresh , Goldfarb David A. , Fatica Richard A. , Eltemamy Mohamed , Menon K.V. Narayanan , Lindenmeyer Christina C. , Krishnamurthi Venkatesh , Wee Alvin 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Patients undergoing simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLK) have impaired native kidney function. The relative contribution of allograft versus native function after SLK is unknown. We sought to characterize the return of native kidney function following SLK.

Methods.
Following SLK, patients underwent technetium-99 m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scintigraphy following serum creatinine nadir. Kidney contributions to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were determined. Patients with native kidney function at serum creatinine nadir contributing eGFR ≥30 versus <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were compared, and multiple linear regression analysis for native eGFR improvement was performed.

Results.
Thirty-one patients were included in this analysis. Average native kidney contribution to overall kidney function following SLK was 51.1% corresponding to native kidney eGFR of 44.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and native kidney function eGFR improvement of 30.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001). Twenty-six of 31 patients had native kidney contribution of eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hepatorenal syndrome as the sole primary etiology of kidney dysfunction was 100% specific for native kidney eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and predicted native eGFR improvement (P = 0.03).

Conclusions.
Substantial improvement in native kidney function follows SLK, and hepatorenal syndrome as the sole primary etiology of kidney dysfunction is predictive of improvement. Whether such patients are suitable for liver transplant followed by surveillance with option for subsequent kidney transplants requires investigation.
Molecular genetics of paediatric brain tumours and opportunities for precision medicine – a focus on infant tumours
Authors: Rosenberg Tom , Bandopadhayay Pratiti 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The last few decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of the molecular drivers of childhood brain tumours. These insights have opened the possibility for precision medicine approaches for some tumour types. However, a different spectrum of tumours is more likely to occur in infants and young children, who face additional therapeutic challenges. This review focuses on recent advances in molecular genetics of common infant brain tumours and their implication for diagnosis, prognostication and utilization of precision oncology approaches.

Recent findings
Infant tumours have different biology and outcomes than similar tumours in older children and adults. For low-grade gliomas, targeted MAPK inhibition is well tolerated and likely efficacious. In high-grade gliomas, common tyrosine kinase alterations offer compelling targets for inhibition that are currently being evaluated. Paediatric-specific sequencing and methylation analysis offer insights into the driving biology of infant medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours, embryonal tumours with multilayered rosettes, ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours, with molecular subgrouping shedding insights into distinct driving biology and clinical outcomes.

Summary
Infant brain tumours are rare and heterogenous, with overall poor outcomes. Advances in molecular genetics have been incorporated into their diagnostic criteria and allow for accurate subgrouping and improved prognostication. The utilization of targeted agents appears beneficial for many low-grade gliomas and a subset of high-grade gliomas, but further research is urgently needed to improve outcomes for other tumour entities.
Specific Ethogram of the Mexican four-eyed octopus:Octopus maya
Authors: González-Navarrete D.A. , Vergara-Ovalle F. , García-Andaluz P. , Ayala-Guerrero F. , Rosas C. , Vázquez-León P. , Paz-Trejo D.B. , Sánchez-Castillo H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHistorically, behavior studies have focused mainly on animals of two phyla in particular: Craniata and Arthropoda, however, behavioral research on alternative phyla like mollusks has been increasing because of the potential for research that these models present. When we talk about mollusk behavior, cephalopods are the first group that stands out, however, research on Mexico’s endemic species likeOctopus maya, is still lacking. This octopus could help to reach a standardized model in neuroscience, because adapts well to laboratory conditions and has been successfully cultured through several generations. These characteristics provide a great advantage as a research model since they could reduce the number of variables that affect behavioral studies, something hard to control with a captured-wild octopus. Hence, in order to work properly with species like this, in research environments, it’s fundamental to know first the behaviors that this species can perform there. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elaborate an ethogram that describes the behavioral repertoire thatO. mayadisplays in laboratory conditions. Thirteen individuals ofO. maya(6-20g) were used and maintained in tanks with a closed circulation seawater system and illuminated with a red light of 30 lx in a 12:12 LD cycle. Nine of these individuals were used for anad libitumsampling of behaviors to name, define, categorize and operationally describe them. The last four individuals were used to establish day/night activity patterns, (length and frequency of behaviors throughout the day). The obtained results showed thatO. mayahas a wide behavioral repertoire with at least twenty-three behaviors, which were included in six different behavioral categories. The obtained results showed thatO. mayahas a wide behavioral repertoire with at least twenty-three behaviors, which were organized in six different behavioral categories. Also, this species showed differentiated activity patterns between day and night, with peaks of activity, distribution, and frequencies of activity behaviors mainly during the light hours. These results showed thatO. mayahas behaviors comparable with other octopus species and support the proposal for its use as a viable research model. Knowing the behavioral repertoire ofO. mayaallows for better control in future behavioral studies using this model, provides the main tools to evaluate the organism’s health and status, and supports its use for research in neuroscience and cognition.
The metabolite α-ketobutyrate increases health and life spans by activating AMPK
Authors: Chen Chieh , Lomenick Brett , Chai Min , Huang Wilson , Chu Jessie , Vergnes Laurent , Johnson Reid O’Brien , Vashisht Ajay A. , Chin Randall M. , Dix Melissa M. , Simon Gabriel , Fu Xudong , Link Jenny C. , Hwang Heejun , Yin Xiang , de Barros Stéphanie C. , Braas Daniel , Diane Kim Nahn Hee , Wang Yibin , Dubinett Steven M. , Teitell Michael A. , Fiehn Oliver , Jiang Meisheng , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Loo Joseph A. , Reue Karen , Huang Jing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAging is a complex process that is directly related to human health and disease. The extraordinary finding that aging is malleable, as shown in model organisms whose life and health spans are extended by specific gene mutations or dietary or pharmacological perturbations1–3, has offered enormous hope for our understanding and treatment of aging and related diseases. Although many molecules have been identified that can extend the lifespan of model organisms, few have been shown to alleviate age-related symptoms or illness in mammals4. Here we show that supplementation with the endogenous metabolite α-ketobutyrate (α-KB) increases the lifespan of adultC. elegans. Using Gelfree DARTS-PROTOMAP, we identified microtubule-actin cross-linking factor (MACF1) that was protected against proteolysis in the presence of α-KB. MACF1 belongs to the spectraplakin family of giant, evolutionarily conserved proteins with versatile functions5, but their link to longevity regulation has not been explored. α-KB’s longevity effect inC. elegansis abrogated by loss-of-function mutation invab-10, encoding the worm ortholog of mammalian MACF16. Like α-KB treatment,vab-10knockdown activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and AMPK is required for α-KB effects on longevity. The findings suggest a model in which α-KB increases longevity by activating AMPK via VAB-10/MACF1 modulation. α-KB also delays aging in mammals, increasing the lifespan of aged male mice and the healthspan of both male and female animals. Targeting of broadly expressed scaffolding proteins in connection to cellular energy homeostasis seems to be a clever way that nature has devised for metabolite signals to impinge upon multiple organ and tissue systems, which may have utility for controlling aging and related diseases.
Improving newborn health with family-centered, early postnatal care: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Murthy Seema , Yan Shirley Du , Alam Shahed , Kumar Amit , Rangarajan Arjun , Sawant Meenal , Sulaiman Huma , Yadav Bhanu Pratap , Pathani Tanmay Singh , Kumar H.G. Anand , Kak Sareen , A M Vinayaka , Kaur Baljit , N Rajkumar , Mishra Archana , Elliott Edith , Delaney Megan Marx , Semrau Katherine E.A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the recent decline, neonatal mortality rates (NMR) remain high in India. Family members are often responsible for the postpartum care of newborns and mothers. Yet, low health literacy and varied beliefs can lead to poor neonatal health outcomes. Postpartum education for family caregivers can improve the adoption of evidence-based newborn care and health outcomes. The Care Companion Program (CCP) is a hospital-based, pre-discharge health training session where nurses teach key healthy behaviors and help mothers and family members learn skills and practice in the hospital. Here, we assessed the impact of CCP on NMR. We conducted a quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of the CCP sessions on mortality outcomes among families seeking care in 28 public tertiary facilities, across 4 Indian states. Neonatal mortality outcomes were reported post-discharge, collected via phone surveys at four weeks of age of baby, between October 2018 to February 2020. Risk ratios (RR), adjusting for hospital-level clustering, were calculated by comparing mortality rates before and after CCP implementation. A total of 46,428 families participated in the pre-intervention group and 87,305 in the post-intervention group; 76% of families participated in the phone survey. The crude NMR was 33.64 deaths per 1000 live births (RR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.87). After accounting for hospital-clustering, the NMR was 41.3 (adjusted RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.93). There may be a substantial benefit to family-centered education in the early postnatal period to reduce neonatal mortality.
Age-stratified infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in the non-elderly informed from pre-vaccination national seroprevalence studies
Authors: Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Axfors Cathrine , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. , Apostolatos Alexandre , Ioannidis John P.A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 among non-elderly people in the absence of vaccination or prior infection is important to estimate accurately, since 94% of the global population is younger than 70 years and 86% is younger than 60 years. In systematic searches in SeroTracker and PubMed (protocol:https://osf.io/xvupr), we identified 40 eligible national seroprevalence studies covering 38 countries with pre-vaccination seroprevalence data. For 29 countries (24 high-income, 5 others), publicly available age-stratified COVID-19 death data and age-stratified seroprevalence information were available and were included in the primary analysis. The IFRs had a median of 0.035% (interquartile range (IQR) 0.013 - 0.056%) for the 0-59 years old population, and 0.095% (IQR 0.036 - 0.125%,) for the 0-69 years old. The median IFR was 0.0003% at 0-19 years, 0.003% at 20-29 years, 0.011% at 30-39 years, 0.035% at 40-49 years, 0.129% at 50-59 years, and 0.501% at 60-69 years. Including data from another 9 countries with imputed age distribution of COVID-19 deaths yielded median IFR of 0.025-0.032% for 0-59 years and 0.063-0.082% for 0-69 years. Meta-regression analyses also suggested global IFR of 0.03% and 0.07%, respectively in these age groups. The current analysis suggests a much lower pre-vaccination IFR in non-elderly populations than previously suggested. Large differences did exist between countries and may reflect differences in comorbidities and other factors. These estimates provide a baseline from which to fathom further IFR declines with the widespread use of vaccination, prior infections, and evolution of new variants.Highlights*Across 31 systematically identified national seroprevalence studies in the pre-vaccination era, the median infection fatality rate of COVID-19 was estimated to be 0.035% for people aged 0-59 years people and 0.095% for those aged 0-69 years.*The median IFR was 0.0003% at 0-19 years, 0.003% at 20-29 years, 0.011% at 30-39 years, 0.035% at 40-49 years, 0.129% at 50-59 years, and 0.501% at 60-69 years.*At a global level, pre-vaccination IFR may have been as low as 0.03% and 0.07% for 0-59 and 0-69 year old people, respectively.*These IFR estimates in non-elderly populations are lower than previous calculations had suggested.
Primary care provider preferences on dementia training and care navigation services: A qualitative study
Authors: Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Strube Kelsey , Townley Ryan , Niedens Michelle , Arreaza Hector , Zaudke Jana , Burns Jeffrey M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDementia has no cure but interventions can stabilize the progression of cognitive, functional, and behavioral symptoms. Primary care providers (PCPs) are vital for the early detection, and long-term management of these diseases, given their gatekeeping role in the healthcare system. However, PCPs rarely implement evidence-based dementia care due to barriers such as limited dementia knowledge and time. Training PCPs and linking them to dementia care navigators may address these barriers.ObjectiveWe explored the preferences of PCPs about dementia care training programs and dementia care navigation services.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 24 PCPs recruited nationally via snowball sampling. We conducted all interviews via videocall and organized the transcripts for qualitative review to identify codes and themes, using a pragmatic approach, a qualitative description methodology, and thematic analysis methods.ResultsPCP preferences varied regarding the topic, duration, materials, modality, and incentives of the dementia training. With regards to dementia care navigation services, preferences varied with respect to whether they benefited the PCP or the patient, and which were the optimal qualities of a dementia care navigator.ConclusionsDementia training and care navigation services would benefit from embedding cultural proficiency within their content, materials, and navigation abilities. EMR-based decision-support tools would facilitate PCPs’ implementation of evidence-based dementia care.
Physics-based Deep Learning for Imaging Neuronal Activity via Two-photon and Light Field Microscopy
Authors: Verinaz-Jadan Herman , Howe Carmel L. , Song Pingfan , Lesept Flavie , Kittler Josef , Foust Amanda J. , Dragotti Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLight Field Microscopy (LFM) is an imaging technique that offers the opportunity to study fast dynamics in biological systems due to its rapid 3D imaging rate. In particular, it is attractive to analyze neuronal activity in the brain. Unlike scanning-based imaging methods, LFM simultaneously encodes the spatial and angular information of light in a single snapshot. However, LFM is limited by a trade-off between spatial and angular resolution and is affected by scattering at deep layers in the brain tissue. In contrast, two-photon (2P) microscopy is a point-scanning 3D imaging technique that achieves higher spatial resolution, deeper tissue penetration, and reduced scattering effects. However, point-scanning acquisition limits the imaging speed in 2P microscopy and cannot be used to simultaneously monitor the activity of a large population of neurons. This work introduces a physics-driven deep neural network to image neuronal activity in scattering volume tissues using LFM. The architecture of the network is obtained by unfolding the ISTA algorithm and is based on the observation that the neurons in the tissue are sparse. The deep-network architecture is also based on a novel imaging system modeling that uses a linear convolutional neural network and fits the physics of the acquisition process. To achieve the high-quality reconstruction of neuronal activity in 3D brain tissues from temporal sequences of light field (LF) images, we train the network in a semi-supervised manner using generative adversarial networks (GANs). We use the TdTomato indicator to obtain static structural information of the tissue with the microscope operating in 2P scanning modality, representing the target reconstruction quality. We also use additional functional data in LF modality with GCaMP indicators to train the network. Our approach is tested under adverse conditions: limited training data, background noise, and scattering samples. We experimentally show that our method performs better than model-based reconstruction strategies and typical artificial neural networks for imaging neuronal activity in mammalian brain tissue, considering reconstruction quality, generalization to functional imaging, and reconstruction speed.
Complex Intracellular Mechanisms of TBK1 Kinase Activation Revealed by a Specific Small Molecule Inhibitor
Authors: Ye Junqiang , Dephoure Noah , Maniatis Tom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a dimeric serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways including innate immunity, autophagy and cell death. TBK1 is activated by the phosphorylation of an essential serine residue 172 (S172) within the activation loop of the kinase domain, and this phosphorylation can occur by trans-autophosphorylation: one TBK1 dimer phosphorylates a second dimer at S172. Here we show that phosphorylation of TBK1 S172 in cultured human cells in response to multiple inducers is reduced, but not abolished by the highly specific and potent TBK1 small molecule inhibitor GSK8612. Thus, upstream kinase(s) must phosphorylate TBK1 in response to inducers in cultured cells. We show that distinct upstream kinases are recruited for the activation of TBK1 in response to different inducers. We also identify extensive crosstalk among TBK1, IKKβ and IKKε kinases in the cellular response to various inducers. In addition, we show that dsDNA and dsRNA trigger dynamic intracellular translocation of TBK1, leading to its localization and activation on the Golgi apparatus or mitochondria, respectively. GSK8612 does not block the intracellular localization of TBK1. We conclude that TBK1 is activated by both upstream kinase phosphorylation and by trans-autophosphorylation, and the signal-dependent spatial engagement of TBK1 with other signaling molecules is a fundamental mechanism for its specific activation by multiple inducers.