bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millennial-scale migration of the frozen/melted basal boundary, western Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Stansberry Aidan , Harper Joel , Johnson Jesse V. , Meierbachtol Toby 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe geometry and thermal structure of western Greenland ice sheet are known to have undergone relatively substantial change over the Holocene. Evolution of the frozen and melted fractions of the bed associated with the ice-sheet retreat over this time frame remains unclear. We address this question using a thermo-mechanically coupled flowline model to simulate a 11 ka period of ice-sheet retreat in west central Greenland. Results indicate an episode of ~100 km of terminus retreat corresponded to ~16 km of upstream frozen/melted basal boundary migration. The majority of migration of the frozen area is associated with the enhancement of the frictional and strain heating fields, which are accentuated toward the retreating ice margin. The thermally active bedrock layer acts as a heat sink, tending to slow contraction of frozen-bed conditions. Since the bedrock heat flux in our region is relatively low compared to other regions of the ice sheet, the frozen region is relatively greater and therefore more susceptible to marginward changes in the frictional and strain heating fields. Migration of melted regions thus depends on both geometric changes and the antecedent thermal state of the bedrock and ice, both of which vary considerably around the ice sheet.
MODEL COMPLETIONS FOR UNIVERSAL CLASSES OF ALGEBRAS: NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS
Authors: METCALFE GEORGE , REGGIO LUCA 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the (first-order) theory of a universal class of algebraic structures (algebras) to have a model completion, extending a characterization provided by Wheeler. For varieties of algebras that have equationally definable principal congruences and the compact intersection property, these conditions yield a more elegant characterization obtained (in a slightly more restricted setting) by Ghilardi and Zawadowski. Moreover, it is shown that under certain further assumptions on congruence lattices, the existence of a model completion implies that the variety has equationally definable principal congruences. This result is then used to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a model completion for theories of Hamiltonian varieties of pointed residuated lattices, a broad family of varieties that includes lattice-ordered abelian groups and MV-algebras. Notably, if the theory of a Hamiltonian variety of pointed residuated lattices has a model completion, it must have equationally definable principal congruences. In particular, the theories of lattice-ordered abelian groups and MV-algebras do not have a model completion, as first proved by Glass and Pierce, and Lacava, respectively. Finally, it is shown that certain varieties of pointed residuated lattices generated by their linearly ordered members, including lattice-ordered abelian groups and MV-algebras, can be extended with a binary operation to obtain theories that do have a model completion.
An overview of induced seismicity in the Netherlands
Authors: Muntendam-Bos Annemarie G. , Hoedeman Gerco , Polychronopoulou Katerina , Draganov Deyan , Weemstra Cornelis , van der Zee Wouter , Bakker Richard R. , Roest Hans 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present an overview of induced seismicity due to subsurface engineering in the Netherlands. Our overview includes events induced by gas extraction, underground gas storage, geothermal heat extraction, salt solution mining and post-mining water ingress. Compared to natural seismicity, induced events are usually small (magnitudes ≤ 4.0). However, due to the soft topsoils in combination with shallow hypocentres, in the Netherlands events exceeding magnitude 1.5–2.0 may be felt by the public. These events can potentially damage houses and infrastructure, and undermine public acceptance. Felt events were induced by gas production in the north of the Netherlands and by post-mining water ingress in the south-east. Notorious examples are the earthquakes induced by gas production from the large Groningen gas field with magnitudes up to 3.6. Here, extensive non-structural damage incurred and public support was revoked. As a consequence, production will be terminated in 2022 leaving approximately 800 billion cubic metres of gas unexploited. The magnitudes of the events observed at underground gas storage, geothermal heat production and salt solution mining projects have so far been very limited (magnitudes ≤ 1.7). However, in the future larger events cannot be excluded. Project- or industry-specific risk governance protocols, extensive gathering of subsurface data and adequate seismic monitoring are therefore essential to allow sustainable use of the Dutch subsurface now and over the decades to come.
HYPERSURFACE SUPPORT FOR NONCOMMUTATIVE COMPLETE INTERSECTIONS
Authors: NEGRON CRIS , PEVTSOVA JULIA 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce an infinite variant of hypersurface support for finite-dimensional, noncommutative complete intersections. We show that hypersurface support defines a support theory for the big singularity category
$\operatorname {Sing}(R)$
, and that the support of an object in
$\operatorname {Sing}(R)$
vanishes if and only if the object itself vanishes. Our work is inspired by Avramov and Buchweitz’ support theory for (commutative) local complete intersections. In the companion piece [27], we employ hypersurface support for infinite-dimensional modules, and the results of the present paper, to classify thick ideals in stable categories for a number of families of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras.
Association of dietary patterns with obesity and metabolically healthy obesity phenotype in Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Dan , Xiao Xiong , Chen Liling , Kangzhu Yixi , Deng Wei , Basang  , Yang Shujuan , Long Lu , Xie Xiaofen , Lu Jiaojiao , Meng Qun , Yin Jianzhong , Hong Feng , Zhao Xing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetabolically healthy obesity (MHO) might be an alternative valuable target in obesity treatment. We aimed to assess whether alternative Mediterranean (aMED) diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet were favourably associated with obesity and MHO phenotype in a Chinese multi-ethnic population. We conducted this cross-sectional analysis using the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study that enrolled 99 556 participants from seven diverse ethnic groups. Participants with self-reported cardiometabolic diseases were excluded to eliminate possible reverse causality. Marginal structural logistic models were used to estimate the associations, with confounders determined by directed acyclic graph (DAG). Among 65 699 included participants, 11·2 % were with obesity. MHO phenotype was present in 5·7 % of total population and 52·7 % of population with obesity. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of DASH diet score had 23 % decreased odds of obesity (OR = 0·77, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·83, Ptrend < 0·001) and 27 % increased odds of MHO (OR = 1·27, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·48, Ptrend = 0·001) in population with obesity. However, aMED diet showed no obvious favourable associations. Further adjusting for BMI did not change the associations between diet scores and MHO. Results were robust to various sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, DASH diet rather than aMED diet is associated with reduced risk of obesity and presents BMI-independent metabolic benefits in this large population-based study. Recommendation for adhering to DASH diet may benefit the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders in Chinese population.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery outcome in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with hypoplastic maxillary sinus
Authors: Al-Qudah M , Zubidi A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the clinical characteristics, prevalence and outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with a hypoplastic maxillary sinus who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for the 814 consecutive, elective functional endoscopic sinus surgery procedures performed at an academic centre from 2010 to 2020, to identify patients with a hypoplastic maxillary sinus.ResultA total of 56 hypoplastic maxillary sinus cases were detected. Maxillary sinus hypoplasia presented unilaterally in 20 cases and bilaterally in 18 cases. Of the maxillary sinus hypoplasia cases, 38 were type I, 17 were type II and 1 was type III. The average Lund–McKay score was 8.6. No major post-operative complications were reported. Four patients had minor complications and one had persistent post-nasal drip.ConclusionFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective procedure for improving the clinical condition of patients with a hypoplastic maxillary sinus; however, careful pre-operative radiological evaluation, identification of intra-operative endoscopic landmarks and use of additional techniques may be essential to achieve satisfactory results and avoid possible serious complications.
Cost-comparison study of reusable and disposable rhinolaryngoscopes in a large English teaching hospital
Authors: Morgan O , Elsayed M , Ramakrishnan Y , McGlashan J , Whynes D , McCahon R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the cost per use of video-rhinolaryngoscopy using reusable and disposable devices in a tertiary referral centre.MethodsA cost-comparison study was performed that utilised retrospective cost data and prospective utilisation data to compare the total costs of using reusable video-rhinolaryngoscopes versus a single-use alternative.ResultsIt was estimated that 4776 and 1821 procedures were performed annually with reusable and disposable video-rhinolaryngoscopes, respectively. The cost per use was £66.61 for reusable devices versus £150.00 for disposable devices. The break-even point (i.e. when cost per use was equal, occurred at 1374 procedures per year). Thereafter, it was cheaper to use reusable devices.ConclusionDisposable rhinolaryngoscopes may present a cheaper solution to services with low rates of rhinolaryngoscope utilisation. However, for larger services considering replacement of their reusable rhinolaryngoscopes with disposable units, it is likely that the recurring costs will be prohibitive in the medium to long term.
Clinical outcomes following pharyngolaryngectomy reconstruction: a 20-year single-centre study
Authors: Layton T , Thomas R , Harris C , Holmes S , Fraser L , Silva P , Winter S C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced malignant neoplasms of the larynx and hypopharynx pose many therapeutic challenges. Total pharyngolaryngectomy and total laryngectomy provide an opportunity to cure these tumours but are associated with significant morbidity. Reconstruction of the pharyngeal defect following total pharyngolaryngectomy demands careful consideration and remains an area of debate within surgical discussions.MethodsThis paper describes a systemic analysis of pharyngeal reconstruction following total pharyngolaryngectomy and total laryngectomy, leveraging data collected over a 20-year period at a large tertiary referral centre.ResultsAnalysing 155 patients, the results show that circumferential pharyngeal defects and prior radiotherapy have a significant impact on surgical complications. In addition, free tissue transfer in larger pharyngeal defects showed lower rates of post-operative anastomosis leak and stricture.ConclusionPharyngeal resection carries a substantial risk of post-operative complications, and free tissue transfer appears to be an effective means of reconstruction for circumferential defects.
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional endoscopes in anatomical orientation of the middle ear and in simulated surgical tasks
Authors: Denton O , Brahmabhatt P , Ahmed J , Sanu A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThree-dimensional endoscopes provide a stereoscopic view of the operating field, facilitating depth perception compared to two-dimensional systems, but are not yet widely accepted. Existing research addresses performance and preference, but there are no studies that quantify anatomical orientation in endoscopic ear surgery.MethodsParticipants (n = 70) were randomised in starting with either the two-dimensional or three-dimensional endoscope system to perform one of two tasks: anatomical orientation using a labelled three-dimensional printed silicone model of the middle ear, or simulated endoscopic skills. Scores and time to task completion were recorded, as well as self-reported difficulty, confidence and preference.ResultsNovice surgeons scored significantly higher in a test of anatomical orientation using three-dimensional compared to two-dimensional endoscopy (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in the speed of simulated endoscopic skills task completion. For both tasks, there was lower self-reported difficulty and increased confidence when using the three-dimensional endoscope. Participants preferred three-dimensional over two-dimensional endoscopy for both tasks.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate the superiority of three-dimensional endoscopy in anatomical orientation, specific to endoscopic ear surgery, with statistically indistinguishable performance in a skills task using a simulated trainer.
Sex differences in the severity and natural recovery of child PTSD symptoms: a longitudinal analysis of children exposed to acute trauma
Authors: Hiscox Lucy V. , Bray Sidney , Fraser Abigail , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Seedat Soraya , Halligan Sarah L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigher levels of PTSD symptoms are present among trauma-exposed females v. males in adulthood; however, much less is known about the emergence of this sex difference during development.MethodsIn a multi-study sample of 7–18-year-olds (n = 3397), we examined the effect of sex and age on the severity of PTSD symptoms after a single incident trauma at 1 month (T1), and on symptom change after a natural recovery period of 3 (T2) and 6 months (T3). PTSD scores were harmonised across measurement types, and linear regressions were used to determine sex and age effects, adjusting for study level variance and trauma type.ResultsA sex × age interaction was observed at T1 (p < 0.001) demonstrating that older age was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity in females (β = 0.008, p = 0.047), but less severe symptoms in males (β = −0.011, p = 0.014). The same pattern was observed at T2 and T3, with sex differences beginning to emerge by age 12 years. PTSD symptoms decreased naturally by ~25% at T2 with little further improvement by T3. Further, females showed a greater reduction in symptoms at T3 than males, although the same effect was not observed at T2.ConclusionsSex differences in PTSD symptoms become apparent during adolescence, due to opposing changes in susceptibility occurring in females and males with age. Understanding the factors contributing to these findings is likely to provide wider insight into sex-specific psychological vulnerability to trauma-related psychopathology.
Efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ito Masaya , Horikoshi Masaru , Kato Noriko , Oe Yuki , Fujisato Hiroko , Yamaguchi Keiko , Nakajima Shun , Miyamae Mitsuhiro , Toyota Ayaka , Okumura Yasuyuki , Takebayashi Yoshitake 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of the unified protocol of the transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders (UP) has been poorly studied in patients with depressive disorders. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of UP for improving depressive symptoms in patients with depressive and/or anxiety-related disorders.MethodsThis assessor-blinded, randomized, 20-week, parallel-group, superiority study compared the efficacy of the UP with treatment-as-usual (UP-TAU) v. wait-list with treatment-as-usual (WL-TAU). Patients diagnosed with depressive and/or anxiety disorders and with depressive symptoms participated. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms assessed by GRID-Hamilton depression rating scale (GRID-HAMD) at 21 weeks. The secondary outcomes included assessor-rated anxiety symptoms, severity and improvement of clinical global impression, responder and remission status, and loss of principal diagnosis.ResultsIn total, 104 patients participated and were subjected to intention-to-treat analysis [mean age = 37.4, s.d. = 11.5, 63 female (61%), 54 (51.9%) with a principal diagnosis of depressive disorders]. The mean GRID-HAMD scores in the UP-TAU and WL-TAU groups were 16.15 (s.d. = 4.90) and 17.06 (s.d. = 6.46) at baseline and 12.14 (s.d. = 5.47) and 17.34 (s.d. = 5.78) at 21 weeks, with a significant adjusted mean change difference of −3.99 (95% CI −6.10 to −1.87). Patients in the UP-TAU group showed significant superiority in anxiety and clinical global impressions. The improvement in the UP-TAU group was maintained in all outcomes at 43 weeks. No serious adverse events were observed in the UP-TAU group.ConclusionsThe UP is an effective approach for patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders.
Community policing on American Indian reservations: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Crepelle Adam , Fegley Tate , Murtazashvili Ilia , Murtazashvili Jennifer Brick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the 1970s, Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues found that neighborhood policing works better than metropolitan policing. Though Ostrom articulated design principles for self-governance, the early studies of neighborhood policing did not. In this paper, we articulate the design principles for self-governing policing, which we term Ostrom-Compliant Policing. We then apply this framework to an understudied case: policing on American Indian reservations. Policing in Indian country generally falls into one of three categories – federal policing (by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Federal Bureau of Investigation), state policing (by municipal and state police departments), and tribal policing (by tribal police departments) – that vary in the degree of centralization. Our main contribution is to show that tribal policing as it is practiced in the United States, which claims to be self-governing, is not Ostrom-Compliant. Thus, our approach offers insight into why high crime remains an ongoing challenge in much of Indian country even when tribes have primary control over policing outcomes. This does not mean centralization is better, or that self-governance of policing does not work. Rather, our research suggests that a greater tribal autonomy over-policing and meta-political changes to federal rules governing criminal jurisdictions is necessary to implement Ostromian policing.
Comprehending Comprehensible Input (CI): Some Observations
Authors: Moran Jerome 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost people who use the word ‘Latin’ as the name of a language in antiquity (not Medieval or Neo-Latin therefore) seem unaware that Latin was a continuum made up of many different varieties, Classical Latin (which they identify with Latin) being only one of them. So when they talk of spoken Latin they mean spoken Classical Latin, no other variety from antiquity being available that is suitable to be spoken. This is ironic on two counts. First, the overwhelming majority of native Latin speakers did not speak Classical Latin at all. Secondly, the small minority of people who did speak it did not do so routinely as a language of everyday conversation, but only on certain formal occasions and in certain public situations. They spoke routinely the appropriate form of their first language, the form that was used by a social, cultural and educational elite. This was not Classical Latin, which was not an acquired form of Latin but one that was learned as if it were a second language. What the language they did speak routinely was like we do not know, and no doubt it comprised several different registers, as languages do. Whether they realise it or not, people who engage in informal conversations in formal Classical Latin today are not re-enacting any authentic experience that was to be had in the ancient world.
Operationalising positive tipping points towards global sustainability
Authors: Lenton Timothy M. , Benson Scarlett , Smith Talia , Ewer Theodora , Lanel Victor , Petykowski Elizabeth , Powell Thomas W. R. , Abrams Jesse F. , Blomsma Fenna , Sharpe Simon 
Published: January 2022

Non-technical summaryTransforming towards global sustainability requires a dramatic acceleration of social change. Hence, there is growing interest in finding ‘positive tipping points’ at which small interventions can trigger self-reinforcing feedbacks that accelerate systemic change. Examples have recently been seen in power generation and personal transport, but how can we identify positive tipping points that have yet to occur? We synthesise theory and examples to provide initial guidelines for creating enabling conditions, sensing when a system can be positively tipped, who can trigger it, and how they can trigger it. All of us can play a part in triggering positive tipping points.Technical summaryRecent work on positive tipping points towards sustainability has focused on social-technological systems and the agency of policymakers to tip change, whilst earlier work identified social-ecological positive feedbacks triggered by diverse actors. We bring these together to consider positive tipping points across social-technological-ecological systems and the potential for multiple actors and interventions to trigger them. Established theory and examples provide several generic mechanisms for triggering tipping points. From these we identify specific enabling conditions, reinforcing feedbacks, actors and interventions that can contribute to triggering positive tipping points in the adoption of sustainable behaviours and technologies. Actions that can create enabling conditions for positive tipping include targeting smaller populations, altering social network structure, providing relevant information, reducing price, improving performance, desirability and accessibility, and coordinating complementary technologies. Actions that can trigger positive tipping include social, technological and ecological innovations, policy interventions, public investment, private investment, broadcasting public information, and behavioural nudges. Positive tipping points can help counter widespread feelings of disempowerment in the face of global challenges and help unlock ‘paralysis by complexity’. A key research agenda is to consider how different agents and interventions can most effectively work together to create system-wide positive tipping points whilst ensuring a just transformation.Social media summaryWe identify key actors and actions that can enable and trigger positive tipping points towards global sustainability.