bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penicillin V prophylaxis uptake among children living with sickle cell disease in a specialist sickle cell clinic in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Odoom Samuel F. , Newton Sam K. , Nakua Emmanuel K. , Boahen Kennedy G. , Nguah Samuel B. , Ansong Daniel , Nyanor Isaac , Amuzu Evans X. , Amanor Ernest , Osei Francis A. , Mohammed Aliyu , Mensah Nicholas K. , Martyn‐Dickens Charles , Osei‐Akoto Alex , Paintsil Vivian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPenicillin V prophylaxis protects children living with sickle cell disease (SCD) from bacteria infections especially Streptococcus pneumonia. However, the uptake of penicillin V prophylaxis is difficult to assess and often poor among SCD patients. Therefore, this study sought to investigate oral penicillin V prophylaxis adherence among SCD children using urine assay and self‐reported methods and the associated factors.MethodsThe study employed an analytical cross‐sectional design in the assessment of penicillin V prophylaxis adherence using both urine assay and self‐reported methods. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with penicillin V prophylaxis adherence. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the 421 SCD patients recruited, penicillin V prophylaxis adherence was observed to be 30.0% and 68.0% for the objective and subjective methods of assessment, respectively. For the objective method of assessment, being cared for by grandparents increased the odds of penicillin V adherence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.68, confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–13.15). However, SCD patients within the ages of 10–14 years (aOR = 0.36, CI = 0.17–0.80), >14 years (aOR = 0.17, CI = 0.05–0.61), SCD patient cared for by married caregivers/parents (aOR = 0.32, CI = 0.14–0.72), SCD patient cared for by divorced caregivers/parents (aOR = 0.23, CI = 0.07–0.75), SCD patients taking homemade (herbal) preparations for the treatment of SCD (aOR = 0.42, CI = 0.21–0.83), and inappropriate intake of penicillin V prophylaxis (aOR = 0.27, CI = 0.11–0.67) reduced the odds of penicillin V adherence. For the subjective method of assessment, taking homemade preparation (herbal) for the treatment of SCD (aOR = 0.52, CI = 0.30–0.89) and inappropriate intake of penicillin V (aOR = 0.32, CI = 0.17–0.60) reduced the odds of penicillin V adherence.ConclusionThis study reports a relatively low adherence rate of penicillin V prophylaxis among children living with SCD. Educating and counseling both SCD patients and/or caregivers on the need to be adherent to penicillin V prophylaxis could prevent complications that may arise from nonadherence.
Current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards physical activity (PA) and its impact on obesity management in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Habib Mohammad Asadul , Dey Moumita , Chowdhury Akibul Islam , Rahman Tanjina , Kundu Rajib Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the Bangladeshi people's current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on obesity and physical activity (PA), as well as the associated factors.MethodsThe KAP was evaluated using a standard questionnaire among 429 individuals, of whom 75.5% were men and had a mean age (±SD) of 28.9 ± 7.9 years. Using a mobile‐based KoBo toolbox v.25.0 program, information was gathered from respondents who resided in various districts. A Chi‐square test and a linear regression test were performed to determine the relationship between the variables, and a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to the determine differences in means.ResultsThe study showed that more than 95% of participants had good knowledge level, although the attitude and practice levels were low. Based on ANOVA test, the mean knowledge score was significantly different (p < 0.05) with age, marital status, and education; attitude levels with education and body mass index (BMI); and practice levels with education, residence, marital status, and BMI. Linear regression analysis exhibited: the level of knowledge was associated with age (β = −5.34), BMI (β = 3.67), and attitude (β = 0.46) while the level of attitude was associated with education (β = 2.26), BMI (β = −2.42), knowledge (β = 0.2) and practice levels (β = 0.18); and finally, the level of practice was associated with education (β = −3.29), BMI (β = −4.5) and attitude (β = 0.35).ConclusionThe increased prevalence of obesity among the Bangladeshi population was indicated by optimal levels of knowledge but inadequate levels of attitude and practice toward PA. So, proper initiatives should be taken to educate people on the importance of regular PA to manage obesity by policymakers and the government.
Corporate debt structure: The long and the short of it
Authors: Clark Steven P. , Park Min C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsistent with the existence of a rollover risk channel, we document that an increase in short‐term debt proportional to the total debt increases the cost of long‐term debt. The effect of rollover risk is more pronounced for the firms that are vulnerable to unforeseen negative events. Moreover, we find that the marginal effect of short‐term debt on the yield spread is intensified during periods of market illiquidity. Finally, our results suggest that this positive effect on the yield spread due to increased rollover risk is partially offset by a negative effect due to the attenuation of underinvestment problems.
Mechanistic modeling indicates rapid glyphosate dissipation and sorption‐driven persistence of its metabolite AMPA in soil
Authors: Wimmer Benedikt , Langarica‐Fuentes Adrian , Schwarz Erik , Kleindienst Sara , Huhn Carolin , Pagel Holger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResidual concentrations of glyphosate and its main transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are often observed in soils. The factors controlling their biodegradation are currently not well understood. We analyzed sorption‐limited biodegradation of glyphosate and AMPA in soil with a set of microcosm experiments. A mechanistic model that accounts for equilibrium and kinetic sorption facilitated interpretation of the experimental results. Both compounds showed a biphasic dissipation with an initial fast (up to Days 7–10) and subsequent slower transformation rate, pointing to sorption‐limited degradation. Glyphosate transformation was well described by considering only equilibrium sorption. Model simulations suggested that only 0.02–0.13% of total glyphosate was present in the soil solution and thus bioavailable. Glyphosate transformation was rapid in solution (time required for 50 % dissipation of the total initially added chemical [DT50] = 3.9 min), and, despite strong equilibrium sorption, total glyphosate in soil dissipated quickly (DT50 = 2.4 d). Aminomethylphosphonic acid dissipation kinetics could only be described when considering both equilibrium and kinetic sorption. In comparison to glyphosate, the model simulations showed that a higher proportion of total AMPA was dissolved and directly bioavailable (0.27–3.32%), but biodegradation of dissolved AMPA was slower (DT50 = 1.9 h). The model‐based data interpretation suggests that kinetic sorption strongly reduces AMPA bioavailability, leading to increased AMPA persistence in soil (DT50 = 12 d). Thus, strong sorption combined with rapid degradation points to low risks of glyphosate leaching by vertical transport through soil in the absence of preferential flow. Ecotoxicological effects on soil microorganisms might be reduced. In contrast, AMPA persists, rendering these risks more likely.
Multi‐factor synergistic effects on summer precipitation in the Meiyu region of China
Authors: Yao Xiuping , Duan Haixia , Yan Pengcheng , Zhao Cailing , Zhou Ganlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSummer precipitation in the Meiyu region of China arises from the synergy of multiple factors such as the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the sea surface temperature (SST), etc. Based on an analysis of the key influencing factors of summer precipitation in the Meiyu region of China from 1961 to 2019, we selected five key factors: the EASM index (EXSMI), Western Pacific subtropical high area index and ridge line index (WPSH‐AI and WPSH‐RLI), Westerly Index (WI), and NAO index. These five indexes were then used to construct a multi‐factor synergy index (MFSI) by the weighted least‐square method. The results show that the MFSI was able to describe the characteristics of EASMI, WPSH, NAO, and the westerly circulation. It showed a good correlation with the temporal and spatial distribution of summer precipitation in the Meiyu region. In the strong (weak) MFSI years, the NAO index was low (high), the North Atlantic region presented a “+ − +” (“− + −”) three‐pole structure from south to north, the WI was low (high), the Siberian high pressure was weak (strong), the middle and high latitude Eurasia Mainland upper trough and ridge meridional decreased (increased). On the contrary, the precipitation increased (reduced). This index has a good indication of summer precipitation in the Meiyu region, which has important scientific significance and practical value for the prediction and prediction of precipitation in the Meiyu region of China.
Societal economic burden and determinants of costs for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ortsäter Gustaf , De Geer Anna , Rieem Dun Alexander , Geale Kirk , Lindberg Ingrid , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , von Kobyletzki Laura B. , Metsini Alexandra , Henrohn Dan , Neregård Petra , Cha Amy , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Romero William , Neary Maureen P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease while the economic burden of AD by severity is not adequately understood.ObjectiveTo estimate the societal economic burden and to identify cost determinants of AD.MethodsIn this population‐based, controlled cohort study in Sweden, patients with AD were identified through diagnosis codes in primary or secondary care or by dispensed medications using administrative healthcare registers. A reference cohort without AD was randomly selected from the general population. Healthcare costs (primary/secondary care visits and dispensed medication) and indirect costs (care for sick children and long‐term sick leave for adults) were calculated annually. AD patients were stratified by age (paediatric [age < 12], adolescent [12 ≤ age < 18] or adult [age ≥ 18]), and severity (mild‐to‐moderate [M2M] or severe AD) and matched to the reference cohort.ResultsCompared with controls, the annual mean per‐patient direct healthcare costs in the first year following diagnosis were €941 and €1259 higher in paediatric patients with M2M and severe AD, respectively. In the first year following diagnosis, the mean indirect cost for care of sick children was €69 and €78 higher per patient in M2M and severe AD, respectively. In adolescents with M2M and severe AD, direct healthcare costs were €816 and €1260 higher, respectively. In adults, healthcare costs were €1583 and €2963 higher in patients with M2M and severe AD, respectively and indirect costs were €148 and €263 higher compared with controls. Management of comorbid medical conditions was an important driver of incremental healthcare costs. Total incremental societal economic burden for AD was €351 and €96 million higher in patients with M2M and severe AD, respectively, compared to controls.ConclusionAD is associated with a significant societal economic burden primarily driven by the cost burden of M2M AD due to the high prevalence of this population. Regardless of severity level, management of non‐AD comorbidities is a major driver of total costs.
Nanoporous zeolite and its effect on the immobilization of trace elements in soils from scrap landfills under aided phytostabilization
Authors: Radziemska Maja , Blazejczyk Aurelia , Gusiatin Mariusz Z. , Cydzik‐Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Majewski Grzegorz , Hammerschmiedt Tereza , Rogula‐Kozłowska Wioletta , Majder‐Łopatka Małgorzata , Kucerik Jiri , Bilgin Ayla , Holatko Jiri , Kintl Antonin , Brtnicky Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rising prerequisite for developing novel green remediation methods for trace‐element‐contaminated lands is allied to the necessity to really mend the soil environs. The effectiveness of zeolite‐aided phytostabilization (AP) of soil contaminated with trace elements (TEs), from a scrap yard, using Lolium perenne as the plant for testing, was determined and discussed. The variability and activity of the rhizospheric bacterial community were also examined. The initial soil used in the AP experiment was characterized by especially high total contents of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. The TE total contents in roots and aboveground parts of L. perenne as well as in the phytostabilized soil materials were analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The study revealed that the addition of natural zeolite into TE‐contaminated soil increased the relative plant biomass as well as the soil pH value as compared to the phytostabilized non‐amended series, whereas the total contents (with respect to an absolute value) of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were generally higher in roots than in the aboveground parts of L. perenne. In particular, the incorporation of zeolite to the soil contributed most significantly to the considerable relative decrease in the total contents of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, as well as the content of bioavailable and leachable speciations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb extracted from the soil using CaCl2 solution as compared to the non‐amended series. In the phytostabilized zeolite‐amended soil, the overall bacterial diversity decreased but the presence of zeolite favoured the growth of microorganisms belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, Planctomycetia, and Thermomicrobia, in particular, the genera Mycobacterium, Williamsia, and Prochlorococcus.
Low‐dielectric and low‐temperature curable fluorinated nano carbon/polyimide composites with 6‐aminoquinoline for end capping
Authors: Zhang Jialin , Sui Yuying , Li Jinhui , Shan Liang , Niu Fangfang , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne challenge in the high‐performance dielectric material of polyimide (PI) is to obtain the excellent comprehensive properties at low curing temperature for advanced IC package. In this work, 6‐aminoquinoline (AQL) is introduced through covalent bonds for end capping to obtain a low‐temperature curable PI at first. The results demonstrate that with very limited introduce (2.76%) of AQL, the imidization index could reach as high as 1.01 at 200°C. Then, fluorinated nano carbon (FC) is further introduced resulting in the fluorinated nano carbon/polyimide (FCPI) composites, which effectively reduces the dielectric constant (1 wt%, 2.75 @ 1 MHz). Besides, the as‐prepared FCPIs also possess excellent thermal property of which FCPI‐0.3 exhibited the 5% weight loss temperature of 540°C and the glass transition temperature is also as high as 385°C. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the film is 127 MPa, the elongation at break is around 15.82%, and the Youngs' modulus is about 3.10 GPa proving the superior mechanical property. As a result, the successful preparation of the FCPI nanocomposites not only possess low‐temperature curing and low‐dielectric performance but also exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties, which shows a wide range of application prospects in the field of microelectronics for the advanced electronic package.
Case study: power supply units
Authors: Vogel Denny , Becker Tino 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaCoSys Laser Control Systems specializes in manufacturing optoelectronic products. The company's electronics experts have started integrating fine‐tunable Cotek power supply units into their customers' laser test systems. Featuring technology much like that found in laboratories, these power supplies have a great advantage: they not only provide voltage, they can also a deliver a precisely calibrated amount of current.
Relationships between sexual function, mental health, and quality of life of female patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease
Authors: Chen Sisi , Luo Ting , Huang Lingzhi , Zhou Wen , Luo Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has gradually increased, including new drugs and surgical methods, the mortality rate of PAH patients has significantly decreased, and the average survival rate has significantly improved. However, there was no obvious improvement in sexual health, mental health, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with PAH. Although an important dimension of QoL, little is known about sexual health and sexual health‐related QoL of patients with PAH in China. In this study, the female sexual function index (FSFI) scale, the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90), and emPHasis‐10 were used to evaluate PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH) patients’ sexual function, mental health, and QoL. The score of sexual function in female CHD‐PAH patients ranged from 4.40 to 34.80 points, and the average score was 26.80 (19.00–27.80) points. The detection rate of sexual dysfunction was 48.30%. The FSFI score of all dimensions of the sexual dysfunction group was significantly lower than that of the nonsexual dysfunction group. In addition, the scores of SCL‐90 and emPHasis‐10 were significantly higher than that of the nonsexual dysfunction group (p < 0.01). The sexual function was negatively correlated with mental health (r = −0.58, p < 0.01) and QoL (r = −0.62, p < 0.01) in female CHD‐PAH patients. The sexual function of female patients with CHD‐PAH is not optimistic. Sexual health may impact mental health and overall QoL in female PAH patients. Reasonable intervention measures should be taken to improve their sexual health, so as to improve their overall QoL.
Research on fatigue reliability prediction model and structural improvement of welded drive axle housing based on master S‐N Curve method
Authors: Tan Xiufeng , Wang Chunlin , Xie Kai , Xie Liyang , Wang Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFatigue reliability prediction of welded structures is mainly based on nominal stress or hot spot stress method, but there are some problems such as grid sensitivity and joint geometry dependence. The Master S‐N curve method can solve these problems well, but the corresponding reliability model needs to be studied. In this paper, the fatigue reliability model of welded structures based on the Master S‐N curve method is studied. Considering the randomness of life and the correlation of failure, a reliability model is proposed, which reduces the computational burden by establishing a median damage‐random threshold rule. Taking the welded drive axle housing as an object, the system reliability is analyzed under the bench test condition, and verified by the experimental data. After the verification, this method is used to predict the reliability of the axle housing under variable amplitude loading collected in the test field, and the results are verified by Monte Carlo (MC) method. When the P‐S‐N curves are parallel, the model is accurate, which is the characteristic of the Master S‐N curve method. This method only needs to input the median damage value of the weak part, which is easy to be applied. This method can speed up the reliability prediction cycle of welded structures, which is beneficial to product innovation and optimal design. Finally, an improved design scheme is proposed for the weak parts of welding, and the effects of welding leg width, welding depth, and closed weld on fatigue life are revealed.
Designing a stabilizing controller for discrete‐time nonlinear feedforward systems with unknown input saturation
Authors: Chang Le , Fu Cheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article aims to design a low gain feedback controller for a class of discrete‐time feedforward nonlinear systems (DFNSs) with unknown input saturation. Although the design of the low gain feedback control can be converted into the choosing of a parameter, it is difficult to design the control due to the inherent nonlinear dynamics and the unknown input constants. To solve this problem, we first show that the low gain feedback control can be found to stabilize the DFNSs when the saturation is known. Then, by analyzing the dynamics of DFNSs under the saturating input, the relation is built between the parameter and the system state. Finally, we introduce a technology to update the parameter based on different performance, whose effectiveness is illustrated through considering a numerical example.
Domino Intramolecular Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Cross‐Metathesis Reaction: Total Synthesis of Putative Structure of Cryptopyranmoscatone A2
Authors: Kundeti Lakshmi Srinivasa Rao , Chinnam Vijaya Vardhan , Sharada Ambati , Sarma Akella Venkata Subrahmanya , Kommu Nagaiah , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stereoselective total synthesis of Putative structure of the Cryptopyranmoscatone A2 is presented, starting from epichlorohydrin. Key step in the synthesis involved a domino intramolecular ring‐closing metathesis/cross‐metathesis reaction to provide styryllactone.
Synthesis, in vitroandin silicoBiological Studies of Sulfonamide Chalcones as Esterase Inhibitors
Authors: Arslan Tayfun , Senturk Murat , Karagoz Lütfi , Karagoz Yalcin , Ekinci Deniz , Efe Asiye , Türkoğlu Emir Alper , Uras Fikriye 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInhibition profiles of synthesized 4‐methyl benzene sulfonamide derivatives on carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) and II (CA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were investigated in this study. All sulfonamide based compounds showed the inhibition profiles with KIvalues in the range 0.39–2.46 nM for CA I, 4.81–14.43 nM for CA II, 52.10–58.83 nM AChE and 50.78–57.38 nM for BChE, respectively. CA Isoenzymes are essential therapeutic targets and their inhibitors have been used for pharmacological purposes particularly in the remedy of diseases such as glaucoma, edema, cancer, etc. Cholinesterase inhibitors are important compounds that can be used in many diverse therapeutic applications, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 4‐methyl benzene sulfonamides examined here and acetazolamide, the clinically used CA Inhibitor, showed similar results for CA I and II. Similarly, synthesized compounds demonstrated close inhibition ranges with neostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on AChE and BChE enzymes. These results indicate that these molecules can be used as potential inhibitors for these esterase enzymes. In addition, molecular docking studies were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the observed activities of the potent compounds.
Heterogeneous Pd/C‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Direct C‐2 Functionalization of Indoles with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Konwar Dipika , Bora Porag , Chetia Bolin , Bora Utpal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe C‐2 selective direct functionalization of N‐methylindole derivatives with aryl iodides catalyzed by Pd supported on carbon is developed. This methodology exclusively results in C‐2 arylated indoles in the absence of any ligand or directing group. The catalyst is easily recoverable from the reaction mixture and can be reused up to four cycles without any significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. Without using any additive, the current protocol is applicable for a wide range of substrates.