bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated attosecond X-ray pulses from superradiant thomson scattering by a relativistic chirped electron mirror
Authors: Schaap B. H. , Smorenburg P. W. , Luiten O. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTime-resolved investigation of electron dynamics relies on the generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the (soft) X-ray regime. Thomson scattering is a source of high energy radiation of increasing prevalence in modern labs, complementing large scale facilities like undulators and X-ray free electron lasers. We propose a scheme to generate isolated attosecond X-ray pulses based on Thomson scattering by colliding microbunched electrons on a chirped laser pulse. The electrons collectively act as a relativistic chirped mirror, which superradiantly reflects the laser pulse into a single localized beat. As such, this technique extends chirped pulse compression, developed for radar and applied in optics, to the X-ray regime. In this paper we theoretically show that, by using this approach, attosecond soft X-ray pulses with GW peak power can be generated from pC electron bunches at tens of MeV electron beam energy. While we propose the generation of few cycle X-ray pulses on a table-top system, the theory is universally scalable over the electromagnetic spectrum.
Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees
Authors: Larsson Simon B. , von Feilitzen Gustaf Stukát , Andersson Maria E. , Sikora Per , Lindh Magnus , Nordén Rickard , Nilsson Staffan , Sigström Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine current symptom severity and general health in a sample of primarily non-hospitalized persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to PCR negative controls. During the first quarter of 2021, we conducted an online survey among public employees in West Sweden, with a valid COVID-19 test result. The survey assessed past-month severity of 28 symptoms and signs, self-rated health, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and illness severity at the time of test. We linked participants’ responses to their SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests results. We compared COVID-19 positive and negative participants using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Out of 56,221 invited, 14,222 (25.3%) responded, with a response rate of 50% among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Analysis included 10,194 participants (86.4% women, mean age 45 years) who tested positive 4–12 weeks (N = 1425; subacute) and > 12 weeks (N = 1584; postcovid) prior to the survey, and 7185 PCR negative participants who did not believe that they had had COVID-19. Symptoms were highly prevalent in all groups, with worst symptoms in subacute phase participants, followed by postcovid phase and PCR negative participants. The most specific symptom for COVID-19 was loss of smell or taste. Both WHODAS 2.0 score and self-rated health were worst in subacute participants, and modestly worse in postcovid participants than in negative controls. Female gender, older age and acute illness severity had larger effects on self-rated health and WHODAS 2.0 score in PCR positive participants than in PCR negative. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the long-term improvement after COVID-19.
Survival of people with cystic fibrosis in Australia
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Salimi Farhad , Earnest Arul , Bell Scott C. , Douglas Tonia , Frayman Katherine , Keatley Lucy , King Susannah , Kotsimbos Tom , Middleton Peter G. , Morey Sue , Mulrennan Siobhain , Schultz Andre , Wainwright Claire , Ward Nathan , Wark Peter , Ahern Susannah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurvival statistics, estimated using data from national cystic fibrosis (CF) registries, inform the CF community and monitor disease progression. This study aimed to estimate survival among people with CF in Australia and to identify factors associated with survival. This population-based cohort study used prospectively collected data from 23 Australian CF centres participating in the Australian CF Data Registry (ACFDR) from 2005–2020. Period survival analysis was used to calculate median age of survival estimates for each 5-year window from 2005–2009 until 2016–2020. The overall median survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Between 2005–2020 the ACFDR followed 4,601 people with CF, noting 516 (11.2%) deaths including 195 following lung transplantation. Out of the total sample, more than half (52.5%) were male and 395 (8.6%) had undergone lung transplantation. Two thirds of people with CF (66.1%) were diagnosed before six weeks of age or by newborn/prenatal screening. The overall median age of survival was estimated as 54.0 years (95% CI: 51.0–57.04). Estimated median survival increased from 48.9 years (95% CI: 44.7–53.5) for people with CF born in 2005–2009, to 56.3 years (95% CI: 51.2–60.4) for those born in 2016–2020. Factors independently associated with reduced survival include receiving a lung transplant, having low FEV1pp and BMI. Median survival estimates are increasing in CF in Australia. This likely reflects multiple factors, including newborn screening, improvement in diagnosis, refinements in CF management and centre-based multidisciplinary care.
Protective potential of piroxicam on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against the suppressive capacity of glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: Abdesheikhi Jahangir , Sedghy Farnaz , Farsinejad Alireza , Mahmoudi Merat , ranjkesh Mahdi , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDexamethasone, a common medication used in the treatment regimen of glioblastoma, has broad inhibitory effects on the immune responses. Here, in an in vitro study, we examined the effects of piroxicam, a potent substitute for dexamethasone, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with two glioblastoma cell lines, U-87 MG and A-172 cells. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of PBMCs treated with piroxicam, or dexamethasone. In addition, to evaluate the effects of drugs on the cell cycle distribution, DNA content per cell was analyzed in PBMCs and A-172 cell lines using flow cytometry. Oxidative parameters, including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3) activity and total anti-antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as well as IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were measured in PBMCs alone or in the presence of cell lines using ELISA. Unlike dexamethasone, piroxicam showed a protective effect on PBMCs against both glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, while dexamethasone reduced the proliferation of PBMCs, piroxicam had no adverse effect on the proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed a reduction in the G2/M phase in piroxicam-treated A-172 cells. Additionally, dexamethasone limited the cell cycle progression by increasing the fraction of PBMCs in G0/G1. Interestingly, after co-culturing piroxicam-treated PBMCs with cell lines, a remarkable rise in the LDH activity was observed. Although not significant, piroxicam partially decreased TGF-β levels in both cell lines. Our findings suggested a protective effect of piroxicam, but not dexamethasone, on PBMCs against inhibitory mechanisms of two glioblastoma cell lines, U-87 and A-172 cells.
Identification and characterization of lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 as a biomarker for drug-induced lung disease
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Gemma Akihiko , Tatsumi Koichiro , Hattori Noboru , Ushiki Atsuhito , Tsushima Kenji , Saito Yoshinobu , Abe Mitsuhiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Kashiwada Takeru , Mori Kazuhiko , Sato Motonobu , Nishiya Takayoshi , Takamatsu Kazuhiko , Sun Yuchen , Arakawa Noriaki , Izumi Takashi , Ohno Yasuo , Saito Yoshiro , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) occurs when drug exposure causes inflammation of the lung interstitium. DILD can be caused by different types of drugs, and some DILD patterns results in a high mortality rate; hence, DILD poses a serious problem in clinical practice as well as drug development, and strategies to diagnose and distinguish DILD from other lung diseases are necessary. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers for DILD by performing lipidomics analysis on plasma samples from patients with acute and recovery phase DILD. Having identified lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) as candidate biomarkers for DILD, we determined their concentrations using validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry biomarker assays. In addition, we evaluated the ability of LPCs to discriminate patients with acute phase DILD from those with recovery phase DILD, DILD-tolerant, or other lung diseases, and characterized their association with clinical characteristics. Lipidomics analysis revealed a clear decrease in LPC concentrations in the plasma of patients with acute phase DILD. In particular, LPC(14:0) had the highest discriminative index against recovery phase and DILD-tolerant patients. LPC(14:0) displayed no clear association with causal drugs, or subjects’ backgrounds, but was associated with disease severity. Furthermore, LPC(14:0) was able to discriminate between patients with DILD and other lung diseases, including idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and lung disease associated with connective tissue disease. LPC(14:0) is a promising biomarker for DILD that could improve the diagnosis of DILD and help to differentiate DILD from other lung diseases, such as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and connective tissue disease.
Molecular basis for integrin adhesion receptor binding to p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4)
Authors: Ha Byung Hak , Yigit Sezin , Natarajan Nalini , Morse Elizabeth M. , Calderwood David A. , Boggon Titus J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrin adhesion receptors provide links between extracellular ligands and cytoplasmic signaling. Multiple kinases have been found to directly engage with integrin β tails, but the molecular basis for these interactions remain unknown. Here, we assess the interaction between the kinase domain of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the cytoplasmic tail of integrin β5. We determine three crystal structures of PAK4-β5 integrin complexes and identify the PAK-binding site. This is a region in the membrane-proximal half of the β5 tail and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The β5 tail engages the kinase substrate-binding groove and positions the non-phosphorylatable integrin residue Glu767 at the phosphoacceptor site. Consistent with this, integrin β5 is poorly phosphorylated by PAK4, and in keeping with its ability to occlude the substrate-binding site, weakly inhibits kinase activity. These findings demonstrate the molecular basis for β5 integrin-PAK4 interactions but suggest modifications in understanding the potential cellular role of this interaction.
Spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis reveals critical roles for mechano-sensing genes at the border zone in remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Yamada Shintaro , Ko Toshiyuki , Hatsuse Satoshi , Nomura Seitaro , Zhang Bo , Dai Zhehao , Inoue Shunsuke , Kubota Masayuki , Sawami Kosuke , Yamada Takanobu , Sassa Tatsuro , Katagiri Mikako , Fujita Kanna , Katoh Manami , Ito Masamichi , Harada Mutsuo , Toko Haruhiro , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a murine MI model and found that mechanical stress-response genes are expressed at the border zone and play a critical role in left ventricular remodeling after MI. An integrative analysis of snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptome of the heart tissue after MI identified the unique cluster that appeared at the border zone in an early stage, highly expressing mechano-sensing genes, such as Csrp3. AAV9-mediated gene silencing and overexpression of Csrp3 demonstrated that upregulation of Csrp3 plays critical roles in preventing cardiac remodeling after MI by regulation of genes associated with mechano-sensing. Overall, our study not only provides an insight into spatiotemporal molecular changes after MI but also highlights that the mechano-sensing genes at the border zone act as adaptive regulators of left ventricular remodeling.
Population status, distribution and trophic implications of Pinna nobilis along the South-eastern Italian coast
Authors: Pensa Davide , Fianchini Alessandra , Grosso Luca , Ventura Daniele , Cataudella Stefano , Scardi Michele , Rakaj Arnold 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dramatic Mass Mortality Event, MME, of Pinna nobilis populations initially detected in the western Mediterranean basin, has also spread rapidly to the central and eastern basin. Unfortunately, there is still a significant lack of information on the status and health of P. nobilis, since only a fragmentary picture of the mortality rate affecting these populations is available. Regarding the Italian coast, several surveys have given only localized or point-like views on the distribution of species and the effect of the MME. Therefore, for the first time, this study investigated P. nobilis density of individuals, distribution and mortality throughout 161 surveys along 800 km of coastline in the Apulia region (South-east of Italy). The geographical scale of this investigation made it the largest ever conducted in Italy, and this was achieved through a rapid and standardized protocol. During this monitoring campaign, 90 km of linear underwater transects were surveyed, along which no live individuals were observed. This result allowed to estimate that the P. nobilis populations had totally collapsed, with a mortality rate of 100% in Apulia. The distributional pattern of the species showed a strong overlap with seagrass meadows on meso- and macro-geographical scale, however this was not the case on a micro-scale. This result evidenced that relationships between P. nobilis and seagrass meadows are not limited to the habitat patch, but cross the boundaries of seagrass leading us to suggest that the distribution of P. nobilis hold a trophic link through the cross-boundary subsidy occurring from seagrass meadows to the nearby habitat, by means of the refractory detrital pathway.
Charm hadronisation measurements with the ALICE experiment
Authors: Giacalone Marco ,   on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration
Published: November 2022

Charm quarks are produced in hard scatterings at the early stages of the hadronic collisions due to the heavy mass of the quark. The production cross section of charm can be described by pQCD calculations based on the factorisation approach. This description traditionally assumes universal fragmentation functions of charm into hadrons among different collision systems.
The ALICE experiment measured charmed-baryon production in pp collisions for different baryon species, observing a significant enhancement of the charm baryon-to-meson yield ratios, for pT < 10–12 GeV/c, with respect to measurements performed at e+e− and ep colliders. Measurements of charmed baryon production in pp collisions also provide a fundamental reference for heavy-ion collisions, in which an enhancement of the baryon-to-meson ratio could be due to an additional hadronisation mechanism via coalescence of charm quarks with lighter quarks in a deconfined medium.
This contribution discusses the latest measurements of charm production performed by the ALICE Collaboration in pp collisions at the LHC via D mesons, Λc+, Σc0,+,++, Ξc0,+, and Ωc0 baryons at midrapidity at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV. The most recent measurements of the Λc+/D0 ratio in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 are also presented, together with the first measurement of the charm fragmentation fraction into hadrons in pp and p–Pb collisions at the same energy.
Versorgungsforschung im
letzten Lebensjahr
Authors: Kremeike Kerstin , Bausewein Claudia , Freytag Antje , Junghanss Christian , Marx Gabriella , Schnakenberg Rieke , Schneider Nils , Schulz Holger , Wedding Ulrich , Voltz Raymond 
Published: November 2022

Warum ein Memorandum zur Versorgungsforschung im letzten Lebensjahr?Mit den Fortschritten der Medizin und dem demographischen Wandel wird nicht nur die
Lebensspanne in der Bevölkerung verlängert, sondern bei dem
zunehmenden Anteil von alten und hochaltrigen Menschen auch immer häufiger
die letzte Lebenszeit mit Multimorbidität, Demenz oder mit schweren
beeinträchtigenden Erkrankungen verbracht. Daraus resultiert ein wachsender
Bedarf an palliativer Versorgung, der auch mit einer zunehmenden Relevanz qualitativ
hochwertiger Versorgungsforschung auf diesem Gebiet einhergeht. Über die
letzten Jahrzehnte hat die Forschung zu palliativer Versorgung und ihren
Besonderheiten enorm zugenommen, so dass mittlerweile ein beachtlicher Korpus an
empirischen Erkenntnissen dazu entstanden ist. Eine strukturierte, systematische
Übersicht und Bewertung der verwendeten Methoden in diesem Bereich liegt
jedoch im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher noch nicht vor. Das Memorandum zur
„Versorgungsforschung im letzten Lebensjahr“ will diese
Lücke schließen.
Approach to Complex Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Cholok David , Saberski Ean , Lowenberg David W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComposite injuries to the lower extremity from etiologies including trauma and infection present a complex dilemma for the reconstructive surgeon, and require multidisciplinary collaboration amongst plastic, vascular, and orthopaedic surgical specialties. Here we present our algorithm for lower-extremity reconstructive management, refined over the last decades to provide an optimized outcome for our patients. Reconstruction is predicated on the establishment of a clean and living wound, where quality of the wound-bed is prioritized over timing to soft-tissue coverage. Once established, soft-tissues and fractures are provisionally stabilized; our preference for definitive coverage is for microvascular free-tissue, due to the paucity of healthy soft-tissue available at the injury, and ability to avoid the zone of injury for microvascular anastomosis. Finally, definitive bony reconstruction is dictated by the length and location of long-bone defect, with a preference to utilize bone transport for defects longer than 5 cm.
Differential impacts of a wildfire and post-fire sedimentation event on platypus and fish populations in a Victorian upland river
Authors: Serena M. , Lyon J. P. , Tonkin Z. D. , Lieschke J. , Williams G. A. 
Published: November 2022

Context Wildfire can affect freshwater ecosystems in many ways, notably when post-fire rainfall washes ash and sediment into waterways. Aims We investigated species-specific effects of bushfire and subsequent channel sedimentation on the abundance of platypus and fish populations in the upper Buffalo River, Australia. Methods Pre- and post-fire population surveys were conducted using fyke nets. Key results There was no evidence that fish numbers declined because of direct fire effects. However, native two-spined blackfish and Macquarie perch numbers dropped dramatically following post-fire sedimentation, whereas non-native redfin perch increased, most likely as a result of migration from a nearby lake. Platypus captures were consistently recorded at all survey sites both before and after the fire and sediment inflows occurred, with many juveniles being recorded in the first post-fire breeding season. Conclusions The platypus’s greater resilience to post-fire sediment inflows than that of native fish presumably reflects its reliance on lungs rather than gills and its ability to take refuge in burrows. It also has a broad diet, flexible foraging behaviour, is highly vagile and typically stores enough fat to support fasting for up to 2–3 weeks. Implications Management of fire-affected aquatic ecosystems must consider species-specific responses of freshwater vertebrates to fire.
Microbial community diversity and enzyme activity varies in response to long-term fertilisation in a continuous potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping system
Authors: Yuan Haotian , Meng Meilian , Chen Youjun , Yang Shenghui , Zhang Tingting , Xue Chunlei , Guo Jiangan 
Published: November 2022

Context The misuse of chemical fertilisers is still prevalent in potato cultivation. However, the large-scale application of manure is increasingly being accepted by growers to improve soil health. Aim To clarify what effect manure and chemical fertilisers have on the development of soil microbes in potato fields. Methods The status of soil microbial community abundance and structure were determined by analysing soil metagenomes, which were assessed by applying high through-put sequencing technology. The potato field received one of the following treatments for 9 years: manure (M); manure plus nitrogenous (N), phosphatic (P), and potassic (K) fertiliser (MNPK); NPK fertiliser; NP fertiliser; NK fertiliser; PK fertiliser; and no fertiliser. Key results The application of manure significantly increased soil organic matter, and this increase was one of the main factors in reducing bacterial Shannon and Heip indices and increasing the Simpson index. The MNPK treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria in the soil, which are essential microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycling. The M treatment significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria. Conclusions In summary, applying manure increases Actinobacteria’s abundance, and using MNPK fertilisers decreases the abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas chemical fertilisers are detrimental to soil fungal diversity. Implications Applying MNPK fertilisers has a complex effect on soil microorganisms. It is not simply a combination of the effects of manure and chemical fertilisers on microbes; the interaction mechanism of microbial succession needs to be further explored.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K4 of the absorbed dose to water standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea and the BIPM in 60Co gamma radiation
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Kim In Jung , Seong Young Min , Yi Chul-Young 
Published: November 2022

Main text
A first key comparison of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Republic of Korea, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in March 2022. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for two transfer standards and evaluated as a ratio of the KRISS and the BIPM standards for absorbed dose to water, is 0.9986 with a combined standard uncertainty of 3.8 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).