bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between low skeletal muscle mass and low skeletal muscle radiodensity with functional impairment, systemic inflammation, and reduced survival in patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Calixto‐Lima Larissa , Wiegert Emanuelly Varea Maria , Oliveira Livia Costa de , Chaves Gabriela Villaça , Bezerra Flavia Fioruci , Avesani Carla Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsFactors associated with the concomitant occurrence of low muscle mass and low muscle radiodensity are unclear. This study investigated whether different skeletal muscle phenotypes are associated with functional impairment, serum inflammatory markers, and survival in patients with incurable cancer.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐six patients (median age, 60 years; 67.5% female) who had abdominal or pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans up to 30 days before the initial assessment were enrolled in the study. CT images were used for the assessment of skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD). Optimal stratification analysis was used to derive cohort‐specific cutoff points to define SMI and SMD groups with a higher risk for mortality (SMI, males <45.0 cm2/m2 and females <44.0 cm2/m2; SMD, males <34 Hounsfield units [HU] and females <30 HU). Based on these cutoffs, participants were classified into four phenotypes: low‐risk SMI + low‐risk SMD, high‐risk SMI + low‐risk SMD, low‐risk SMI + high‐risk SMD, and high‐risk SMI + high‐risk SMD.ResultsPhenotypes with high‐risk SMI or high‐risk SMD, especially when combined, were associated with low handgrip strength, poor performance status, higher C‐reactive protein, and lower serum albumin levels. The phenotypes with high‐risk SMD, regardless of low‐risk SMI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.05–2.88) or high‐risk SMI (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.29–3.05) were associated with higher 90 days' mortality risk.ConclusionIn patients with incurable cancer, phenotype groups with high‐risk SMI and high‐risk SMD, particularly when combined, were associated with worse functional impairment and inflammation. Moreover, high‐risk SMD was associated with increased mortality risk.
Racial and ethnic disparities in periodontal health among adults seeking dental care in rural North Carolina communities: A retrospective study
Authors: Gillone Alex , Martinez Luna Acela A. , Wu Qiang , Camargo Gerard , Moss Mark E. , Murata Ramiro Mendonca , Pardi Vanessa , Paquette David W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPopulation studies consistently demonstrate a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, including oral diseases, among underrepresented minorities. This retrospective study aimed to measure and describe the prevalence and extent of periodontitis among adults seeking dental care within an academic practice‐based network in rural North Carolina.MethodsThis study used de‐identified electronic health record (EHR) data from 2011 to 2017 of adult dentate patients (aged ≥30 years) seeking dental care who received a comprehensive periodontal examination at one of nine networked clinical centers. Periodontitis prevalence was calculated using CDC/AAP case definitions, along with extent (%) scores for periodontal parameters. Comparisons focused on age, sex, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, diabetes status, payer or insurance status, plaque scores, and the number of teeth.ResultsEHR data for 10,544 adult patients (60.5% female) indicated 79.8% had some form of periodontitis. This patient population was diverse: 22.6% Black, 4.4% American Indian, and 53.8% White, with 4.8% self‐identified as Hispanic. Patients 50 years and older showed greater mean extent scores for clinical attachment levels relative to patients 30 to 49 years. Males exhibited greater periodontitis than females (p = 0.001). Blacks showed significantly (p < 0.001) greater periodontitis prevalence relative to Whites. Hispanics also showed a greater prevalence of periodontitis (p < 0.001) relative to non‐Hispanics. Significantly greater periodontitis was also noted for tobacco users (p < 0.001) but not for diabetes or payer status. A multiple logistic regression analysis of periodontitis prevalence confirmed significant associations for periodontitis for age, sex, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, high plaque scores, and the number of teeth (p < 0.001), but not diabetes or payer status.ConclusionsThe data document that racial and ethnic inequalities in periodontal health occur within the population of adults residing in rural communities in North Carolina and seeking dental care.
High‐fat diet in mice led to increased severity of spermatogenesis impairment by lead exposure: perspective from gut microbiota and the efficacy of probiotics
Authors: Hu Liehai , Zhao Yu , Liu Shanji , Zhang Jinfeng , Yuan Hongbin , Xu Hengyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mechanism of multifactorial spermatogenesis impairment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the reproductive toxicity of lead (Pb) in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and to delineate the important role of gut microbiota.RESULTSResults showed that, compared with mice fed a normal diet (ND), Pb exposure caused more severe spermatogenesis impairment in HFD‐fed mice, including decreased sperm count and motility, seminiferous tubule injury, serum and intratesticular testosterone decline, and downregulated expression level of spermatogenesis‐related genes. Besides, 16S sequencing indicated that HFD‐fed mice had increased severity of gut microbiota dysbiosis by Pb exposure compared to ND‐fed mice. With fecal microbiota transplantation, the same trend of spermatogenesis impairment occurred in recipient mice, which confirmed the important role of gut microbiota. Moreover, probiotics supplementation restored the gut microbial ecosystem, and thus improved spermatogenic function.CONCLUSIONOur work suggested that a population with HFD might face more reproductive health risks upon Pb exposure, and revealed an intimate linkage between microbiota dysbiosis and spermatogenesis impairment, accompanied by the potential usefulness of probiotics as prophylactic and therapeutic. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
On non‐parametric fatigue optimization
Authors: Sartorti Roman , Möcker Torsten , Kriegesmann Benedikt , Pedersen Claus B.W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present work presents a novel approach for semi‐analytic adjoint sensitivity‐based design optimization for nonproportional fatigue damage. In order to apply fatigue damage in sensitivity‐based design optimizations, an essential part is to calculate correct sensitivities. However, this is not straight forward since fatigue damage calculation typically include rainflow counting and critical plane search algorithms. Therefore, no derivatives are directly available for the fatigue damage calculation, only functional values given by numerical computation. In existing literature the considered fatigue damage calculation is simplified until a closed‐form differentiability is satisfied. However, these simplifications are not applicable for industrial examples where accurate fatigue life estimates are required. In the present work numerical differentiation of the fatigue damage values with respect to the stress tensor is applied to calculate semi‐analytical adjoint sensitivities at material points for multiple load cases. The proposed method is verified and demonstrated using different damage parameter types including critical plane analysis. Additionally, different academic and industrial numerical examples are compared to stress and stiffness optimized designs. The fatigue damage optimized designs show improved fatigue damage results for both the specific damage parameter types and when comparing to stress and stiffness optimized designs. Furthermore, it is successfully applied for different design variables (sizing, non‐parametric shape and bead) as well as different optimization formulations using fatigue damage either as objective or constraint.
A generalized discrete fiber angle optimization method for composite structures: Bipartite interpolation optimization
Authors: Zhang Lanting , Guo Laifu , Sun Pengwen , Yan Jinshun , Long Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel fiber angle optimization method for composite, termed bipartite interpolation optimization (BIO), to address high‐dimensional design variables and inefficient fiber orientation optimization. The weighting functions of BIO are constructed with the help of multiphase material topology optimization approach. Various permutations and combinations of n design variables are utilized to represent 2n discrete candidate angles. Since the weighting functions of the way automatically satisfy the sum constraint, it is unnecessary to address the sum constraints during the optimization process. Compared with the traditional discrete material optimization strategy and solid isotropic material with penalization scheme, the BIO method reduces the dimension of the mathematical model for optimizing fiber angles. Compared to the shape functions with penalization scheme, the BIO method can be extended to the optimization problem of 2n candidates. Numerical examples of different types demonstrate that the proposed method has higher solution efficiency in the optimization problem of fiber orientation selection and is suitable for three‐dimensional shell optimization problems. It provides a new technical means for the structural optimization design of composite laminates.
Fabrication and mechanical behavior of an all‐composite interlocked triangular honeycomb sandwich structure: Experimental investigation and numerical analysis
Authors: Song Shijun , Xiong Chao , Yin Junhui , Kang Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interlocked composite honeycomb structures have high specific strength and specific stiffness, convenient processing, and low cost with great application potential in aerospace, marine, construction, and civil fields. In this study, an effective method is proposed for manufacturing an all‐composite interlocked triangular honeycomb (CITH), and the quasi‐static mechanical properties of the honeycomb and the corresponding sandwich structure (CITHSS) are examined. Through experimental tests, the basic mechanical properties of CITH and CITHSS are analyzed. Further, the effective strength and stiffness coefficient of the slotted carbon sheets constituting CITH are measured through tensile experiments. The in‐plane stiffness model of CITH is derived based on the continuous equivalent method. The failure strength models of CITHSS are also established. At the same time, the failure modes under three‐point bending and edge compression loads are predicted. The experimental results reveal that compared with the interlocked Kagome and square honeycomb, the specific strength of CITH is increased by 27.8% and 24.4%, respectively. Further, the specific stiffness is increased by 148.4% and 8.3%, respectively. Compared with aluminum honeycomb sandwich, the compressive and bending specific strengths of CITHSS are increased by more than 46.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The debonding failure and edge effect are found to be the main weakness of CITHSS. Overall, CTIH and CITHSS exhibit excellent mechanical properties and create feasible options for processing complex multifunctional composite honeycombs by interlocking technology.
Prenatal isolated clubfoot increases the risk for clinically significant exome sequencing results
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Li Yan‐Lin , Zhang Yong‐Ling , Lin Xiao‐Mei , Zhen Li , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) in singleton pregnancies with isolated fetal clubfoot.MethodsClinical data from singleton pregnancies with a sonographic diagnosis of isolated clubfoot and ES results between 2018 and 2021 were retrospectively obtained from a single referral medical center. The recorded data include maternal age, gestational age at sonographic diagnosis, the indication for genetic testing, ES results, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 38 fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with isolated clubfoot by ultrasound and underwent ES after the copy number variant analysis was non‐diagnostic. Through the trio‐ES analysis, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were detected in 4 of 38 (10.5%) with the following genes: BRPF1, ANKRD17, FLNA, and KIF1A. All are de novo with three of autosomal dominant inheritance and one of X‐linked recessive inheritance.ConclusionSonographic diagnosis of clubfoot, even isolated, increases the risk for monogenic syndromes. Exome sequencing should be an option for genetic investigation for such pregnancies.
Chamber‐based system for measuring whole‐plant transpiration dynamics
Authors: Pieters Alejandro , Giese Marcus , Schmierer Marc , Johnson Kristian , Asch Folkard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost of our insights on whole‐plant transpiration (E) are based on leaf‐chamber measurements using water vapor porometers, IRGAs, or flux measurements. Gravimetric methods are integrative, accurate, and a clear differentiation between evaporation and E can be made. Water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force for E but assessing its impact has been evasive, due to confounding effects of other climate drivers. We developed a chamber‐based gravimetric method, in which whole plant response of E to VPD could be assessed, while keeping other environmental parameters at predetermined values. Stable VPD values (0.5–3.7 kPa) were attained within 5 min after changing flow settings and maintained for at least 45 min. Species differing in life form and photosynthetic metabolism were used. Typical runs covering the range of VPDs lasted up to 4 h, preventing acclimation responses or soilborne water deficit. Species‐specific responses of E to VPD could be identified, as well as differences in leaf conductance. The combined gravimetric‐chamber‐based system presented overcomes several limitations of previous gravimetric set ups in terms of replicability, time, and elucidation of the impact of specific environmental drivers on E, filling a methodological gap and widening our phenotyping capabilities.
Starch Modifications via Physical Treatments and the Potential in Improving Resistant Starch Content
Authors: Zailani Mohd Alhafiizh , Kamilah Hanisah , Husaini Ahmad , Awang Seruji Awang Zulfikar Rizal , Sarbini Shahrul Razid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNative starches from various plant origins have limitations in their physicochemical properties. These properties influence the qualities of formulated food products, especially in appearance, texture, structure, and taste. Therefore, modification is required to improve the properties and functionalities of starch. Additionally, starch modification is able to enhance functional food properties. Functional food refers to natural or processed foods that contain bioactive compounds, which are clinically proven to promote consumer's health. These bioactive compounds have targeting mechanisms that can manage, prevent, or treat diseases. Modified starches display improvement in resistant starch (RS) content that exhibit functional food properties such as having a low glycemic index and promotes thegrowth of probiotics; Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. This review discusses the modification of starch, specifically heat moisture and microwave heat treatments, in improving the RS content. Furthermore, the relationship between RS and prebiotic properties of starch is also elaborated. Factors influencing the RS content include the amylose–amylopectin ratio and retrogradation period. Meanwhile, the influence of RS content on the prebiotic properties of modified starches is linked to its resistance to digestion. However, further investigation regarding the extent to which RS can contribute prebiotic properties is also an area of interest for future/subsequent exploration.
Promoting Language and Literacy Skills through Music in Early Childhood Classrooms
Authors: Rowe Meredith L. , Kirby Anna L. , Dahbi Mariam , Luk Gigi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMusic experience during early childhood can promote language and literacy skills, particularly phonological awareness, vocabulary, and turntaking and self‐regulation skills useful for communication more broadly. Incorporating music activities into the early childhood classroom can be particularly useful for Dual Language Learners' (DLLs) language development. Here, we review research on links between music experience and language and literacy development, discuss how early childhood teachers use music in their classrooms and the challenges they face in doing so, and provide some tips and specific resources and activities for teachers to help incorporate music into their classrooms.
Peristaltic heat transport analysis of carbon nanotubes in a flexible duct due to metachronal waves of cilia
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Nasir , Uddin Salah , Shah Shahreyar , Razzaq Raheela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the natural convection peristaltic transport of creeping viscous nanofluid flow in an axisymmetric flexible circular duct within the cilia walls. Moreover, the impact of radially varying magnetic field, internal heating and thermal radiation impact is also taken into consideration. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into suitable form by introducing the nondimensional variables. Closed form exact solution is obtained for the momentum, energy, and pressure gradient profiles. Graphical illustrations are produced, which reflect the importance of multiple parameters of concern. With an increase in the heat source parameter and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, the fluid temperature increases effectively. Trapping phenomena with the help of streamlines are also developed for variation in the flow rate and Grashof number. Streamlines shows that an enhancement in the Grashof number inflates the size of bolus. It is perceived that Copper has less heat transfer ability as compared to CNTs. Temperature profile decreases dramatically with enhancement in the radiation parameter for all types of solid nanoparticles considered.
Taming the landscape of effective theories
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce a generalized notion of finiteness that provides a structural principle for the set of effective theories that can be consistently coupled to quantum gravity. More concretely, we propose a Tameness Conjecture that states that all valid effective theories are labelled by a definable parameter space and must have scalar field spaces and coupling functions that are definable using the tame geometry built from an o-minimal structure. We give a brief introduction to tame geometry and describe how it restricts sets, manifolds, and functions. We then collect evidence for the Tameness Conjecture by studying various effective theories arising from string theory compactifications by using some recent advances in tame geometry. In particular, we will exploit the fact that coset spaces and period mappings are definable in an o-minimal structure and argue for non-trivial tameness results in higher-supersymmetric theories and in Calabi-Yau compactifications. As strongest evidence for the Tameness Conjecture over a discrete parameter space, we then discuss a recent theorem stating that the locus of self-dual flux vacua of F-theory admits a tame geometry even if one allows for any flux choice satisfying the tadpole constraint. This result implies the finiteness of self-dual flux vacua in F-theory.
A nationwide cross-sectional analysis of biopsy-proven Fabry nephropathy: the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry
Authors: Nasu Makoto , Nakagawa Naoki , Hara Shigeo , Yano Junko , Kurokawa Yuka , Nakamura Nao , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Sato Hiroshi , Fukami Kei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited disease where renal complications are associated with a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the prevalence of Fabry nephropathy (FN) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We extracted FN data from the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry, analyzed the prevalence of FN, and examined the correlation between clinical characteristics and renal involvement according to sex differences and hemi- and heterozygosity in patients with FD.

Methods
A total of 38,351 participants who underwent renal biopsy were retrospectively enrolled, and FN was determined. The clinical characteristics of FD patients were examined based on sex differences.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (0.076%) (19 males and 10 females, mean age: 43.7 ± 15.5 years old) were diagnosed with FN. Median estimated urinary protein (UP) and mean eGFR levels were 0.9 [interquartile range (IQR) [0.7–1.6] g/gCr and 67.1 ± 36.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 126.4 ± 17.1 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 76.1 ± 12.6 mmHg. An inverse correlation between eGFR and logarithm UP levels was observed (r2 = 0.23, p = 0.02), SBP was positively associated with logarithm UP (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.004) overall and inversely associated with eGFR (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.007) regardless of sex, and SBP was an independent determinant of proteinuria (p = 0.004) and eGFR (p = 0.007).

Conclusions
The prevalence of biopsy-proven FN was 0.076%. Since SBP is associated with eGFR regardless of zygosity, strict SBP control might be necessary to prevent progression to end-stage kidney disease in both male and female patients with FN.
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus following cardiac arrest—are we missing the beginning?
Authors: De Stefano Pia , Quintard Hervé , Seeck Margitta , Sutter Raoul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common complication in patients surviving a cardiac arrest, but little is known about the frequency of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).

Objectives
To compile the first the evidence from the literature of the overall frequency of NCSE in adults with persistent coma following cardiac arrest. Secondarily, to assess the emergence of NCSE in comatose resuscitated patients within the first hours of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and before inducing target temperature management.

Material and methods
The medical search engine PubMed was screened to identify prospective and retrospective studies in English reporting on the frequency of NCSE in comatose post-resuscitated patients. Study design, time of EEG performance, detection of SE and NCSE, outcomes, and targeted temperature management were assessed.

Results
Only three cohort studies (one prospective and two retrospective) reported on the EEG evaluation describing NCSE during ongoing sedation and target temperature management. Overall, we identified 213 patients with SE in 18–38% and NCSE in 5–12%. Our review found no study reporting NCSE in resuscitated adult patients remaining in coma within the first hours of ROSC and prior to targeted temperature management and sedation.

Conclusion
Studies of NCSE after ROSC in adults are rare and mostly nonsystematic. This and the low proportion of patients reported having NCSE following ROSC suggest that NCSE before target temperature management and sedation is often overlooked. The limited quality of the data does not allow firm conclusions to be drawn regarding the effects of NCSE on outcome calling for further investigations. Clinicians should suspect NCSE in patients with persistent coma before starting sedation and targeted temperature management.