bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with locking intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric fracture of femur: application of a new guide awl with a distal positioner
Authors: Xu Fei , Binbin Liu , Liu Yang , Zheng Zehang , Xu Hanqing , Huang Chuang , Luo Zhengqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background The use of interlocked intramedullary nail has become the preferred method of treatment for intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. This study explored a new guide awl with a distal positioner assisting the guide wire insertion and opening canal, and verification the accuracy and security of our new guide awl.Methods 42 patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated by locking intramedullary nailing were retrospectively analyzed. Three patients with insufficient follow-up were excluded from analysis. 19 patients underwent the operation using the new guide awl, the other 20 patients in the control group were operated with the help of the conventional guide apparatus. Describe the new guide awl with a distal positioner usage in the operations. Operation time, the success rate of one-time insertion, fluoroscopy time, blood loss and bone healing time were recorded.Results 42 patients (25 males and 17 females) were treated with Gamma 3 and PFNA with the help of the new guide awl with a distal positioner or the conventional conventional guide apparatus. The surgical time in new guide awl group was significantly shorter compared to the control group. The success rate of one-time needle insertion in the new guide apparatus group was 89.5%, which was higher than the 65% of the control group. The fluoroscopy time in new guide apparatus group is obviously lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and bone healing time.Conclusion The new guide awl with a distal positioner we designed could reduce the difficulty in opening the femur for inserting the interlocked intramedullary nail. It is especially suitable for obese patients.
Projecting the impact of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in China in the context of waning immunity after vaccination
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Cai Jun , Deng Xiaowei , Yang Juan , Sun Kaiyuan , Liu Hengcong , Chen Zhiyuan , Peng Cheng , Chen Xinhua , Wu Qianhui , Zou Junyi , Sun Ruijia , Zheng Wen , Zhao Zeyao , Lu Wanying , Liang Yuxia , Zhou Xiaoyu , Ajelli Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After the adoption of a dynamic zero-COVID strategy in China for nearly two years, whether and for how long this policy can remain in place is unclear. The debate has thus shifted towards the identification of mitigation strategies capable to prevent the disruption of the healthcare system, should a nationwide epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant start to unfold. To this aim, we developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission tailored to the unique immunization and epidemiological situation of China. We find that the level of immunity induced by the current vaccination campaign would be insufficient to prevent overwhelming the healthcare system and major losses of human lives. Instead, a synergetic strategy would be needed and based on 1) a heterologous booster vaccination campaign, 2) treating 50% of symptomatic cases with an antiviral with an 80% efficacy in preventing severe outcomes, and 3) the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) capable of reducing Rt to ≤2. Protecting vulnerable individuals by ensuring accessibility to vaccines and antivirals, and maintaining a certain degree of NPIs should be emphasised in a future mitigation policy, possibly supported by strengthening critical care capacity and the development of highly efficacious vaccines with long-lasting immunity.
Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction and Gastrointestinal Bleeding Short Title: Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction and GI Bleeding
Authors: Hussain Kifah , Kattoor Ajoe John , Liu Bolun , Parfieniuk Agata , Achebe Ikechukwu , Doukky Rami 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The association between left-sided prosthetic valve (PV) dysfunction and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is not well established. In a retrospective cohort of patients with left-sided prostheses, we identified those who experienced one or more GI bleeds. The latest or chronologically closest echocardiogram to the GI bleed was analyzed by a blinded investigator for PV dysfunction. Among 334 unique patients, 166 had aortic prostheses, 127 had mitral prostheses, and 41 had both. A total of 58 (17.4%) subjects had GI bleeding events. Patients in the “GI Bleed” group had higher mean ejection fraction (56 ± 14% vs. 49 ± 15%; P = 0.003) and higher prevalence of hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and liver cirrhosis compared to the “No GI Bleed” group. There was a higher prevalence of moderate or severe PV regurgitation in the GI Bleed vs. No GI Bleed group (8.6% vs. 2.2%; P = 0.027). Moderate or severe prosthetic valve regurgitation was independently associated with GI bleeding (odds ratio, 6.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–30.05; P = 0.024), after adjusting for ejection fraction, hypertension, end-stage renal disease and liver cirrhosis. Paravalvular regurgitation was associated with a higher incidence of GI bleeding compared to transvalvular regurgitation (35.7% vs. 11.9%; P = 0.044). The prevalence of PV stenosis was similar between the GI Bleed and No GI Bleed groups (6.9% vs. 5.8%; P = 0.761). In conclusion, among patients with predominantly surgically placed PV, moderate to severe left-sided PV regurgitation was independently associated with GI bleeding. PV stenosis was not associated with GI bleeding.
Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Sandwich Structures Using Self-Healing Mechanism
Authors: Soliman Rasha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interest of researchers to study self-healing materials has been increased as a result of their high ability in detecting and healing the occurred cracks and voids. Previous studies revealed that when a self-healing material is cracked due to thermal, mechanical or ballistic means, it has the ability to fully or partially self-heal the occurred crack and restore the material to its original functionality. Self-healing materials can be made from metals, polymers, ceramics and their composites. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of adding self-healing agents to carbon fiber composite sandwich structures. The mechanical behavior of the self-healing material was compared to the virgin material using the finite element method, where great variations in the mechanical properties were noted. By using the self-healing mechanism, an enhancement in carbon fiber composite material strength was attained.
Low awareness of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among neurosurgical hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Pan , Wiley James Allen , Tian Lingyun , Li Wan , Yang Qiuhong , Yang Haifan , Tan Xin , Gao Yijing , Li Weijuan , Luo Hui , Feng Xinyu , Li Yinglan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), is a serious cause of patient morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Neurosurgical hospitalized patients have higher rates of immobility and bed rest, thus increasing their risk of developing VTE. This highlights the need for their thromboprophylaxis regimens. Patients'awareness of VTE is essential for promoting strategies such as early ambulation and encouraging self-assessment and self-reporting of VTE signs and symptoms. This study evaluated neurosurgical hospitalized patients’ awareness of VTE and explored the influencing factors to provide a theoretical basis for nursing intervention. Methods: We selected one tertiary level hospital in Hunan Province and randomly sampled eligible patients from each five neurosurgical units. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the hospitalized patients of neurosurgery using the VTE knowledge questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: A total of 386 neurosurgical hospitalized patients completed the survey. The score of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients was 13.22 (SD=11.52). 36.0% and 21.2% of participants reported they had heard of DVT and PE, respectively. 38.9% of participants were unable to correctly identify any symptoms of VTE. The most frequently identified risk factor was ‘immobility or bed rest for more than three days’ (50.0% of participants), and 38.1% of patients agreed that PE could cause death. 29.5% of participants were unable to identify any prophylactic measures of VTE. The results of Negative Binomial Regression showed that the influencing factors of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients were education level (P<0.004) and sources of information related to VTE, including nurses (95% CI=2.201-4.374, P<0.001), and family member/friend (95% CI=2.038-4.331, P<0.001), Internet/TV (95% CI=1.382-2.834, P＜0.001). Other sources included patient /pamphlet/poster /professional books (95% CI=492-3.350, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the lack of awareness of VTE among neurosurgical hospitalized patients. More attention must be paid to carrying out training on VTE knowledge according to different characteristics of neurosurgical hospitalized patients, so as to ensure safe and high-quality patient care.
Impact of antigen test target failure and testing strategies on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Vecchio Claudia Del , Daniels Bethan Cracknell , Brancaccio Giuseppina , Brazzale Alessandra , Lavezzo Enrico , Ciavarella Constanze , Onelia Francesco , Franchin Elisa , Manuto Laura , Bianca Federico , Cianci Vito , Cattelan Annamaria , Dorigatti Ilaria , Toppo Stefano , Crisanti Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Population testing remains central to COVID-19 control and surveillance, with countries increasingly using antigen tests rather than molecular tests. Here we describe a SARS-CoV-2 variant that escapes N antigen tests due to multiple disruptive amino-acid substitutions in the N protein. By fitting a multistrain compartmental model to genomic and epidemiological data, we show that widespread antigen testing in the Italian region of Veneto favored the undetected spread of the antigen-escape variant compared to the rest of Italy. We highlight novel limitations of widespread antigen testing in the absence of molecular testing for diagnostic or confirmatory purposes. Critically, in the presence of a variant that escapes antigen testing, following up a proportion of negative antigen tests with a molecular test is the optimal testing strategy. Together, these findings highlight the importance of retaining molecular testing for surveillance purposes, also in contexts where the use of antigen tests is widespread.
Liver cancer treatment using magneto plasmonic method by Fe3O4/Au-Ag@MoS2 nanoparticles
Authors: Seyedjamali Tina , Farahzadi Mohammadreza Kazem , Arabi Hossein 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the treatment of liver cancer by the magnetic hyperthermia approach and nanoparticles including \({Fe}_{3}{O}_{4}\) core with gold, silver alloy shell, and \({MoS}_{2}\) coating. Optical properties of these nanoparticles within the tumor, including the extinction coefficient and surface plasmon peak (SPR) as a function of size, structure, different compositions, and thickness are also investigated using the effective medium theory. Moreover, the impact of temperature distribution was assessed through the analytical modeling of alternating current (AC) magnetic field. The results of this study demonstrated that nanoparticles with a compound of \(F{e}_{3}{O}_{4}-{Au}_{0.25}{Ag}_{0.75}@{MoS}_{2},\) a 3 nm thick cover of gold-silver alloy, and 3 layers of \({MoS}_{2}\) have the best coefficient of extinction and SPR in the biological window. The gold-silver alloy improved the extinction coefficient and, at the same time, prevented the accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles. Since the gold-silver alloy alone cannot function within the range of biological windows, \({MoS}_{2}\) was used, which increased the extinction efficiency at higher wavelengths. Examination of the temperature distribution in the tumor for the proposed alloy compound indicated that after a short time from the start of irradiation, the tumor temperature reaches 45 ° C. Also, the temperature distribution within the tumor tissue reached its maximum value at the center of the tumor and decreased dramatically as getting away from the center. The use of magnetic hyperthermia enabled localized delivery of therapeutic dose to malignant tumors; hence, exhibiting superior performance/efficiency over the photothermal method.
Ultrafast Charge Generation in a Homogenous Polymer Domain
Authors: Meng Ruixuan , Zhu Rui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficient charge generation contributes greatly to the high performance of organic photovoltaic devices. The mechanism of charge separation induced by heterojunction has been widely accepted. However, how and why free charge carriers can generate in homogenous polymer domains remains to be explored. In this work, the extended tight-binding SSH model, combined with the non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulation, is used to construct the model of polymer array in an applied electric field and simulate the evolution of an excited state. It is found that under a very weak external electric field \(5.0\times {10}^{-3}V/\text{Å }\), the excited state can evolve directly into spatially separated free charges at femtosecond scale, and the quantum efficiency is up to \(97\%\). The stacking structure of the polymer array leads to intermolecular electron mutualization and form intermolecular coupling. This interaction tends to delocalize the excited states in organic semiconductors, competing with the localization caused by electron-phonon coupling. Excitons within the homogenous polymer domains have lower binding energy, less energy dissipation, and ultrafast evolution. Therefore, the initial excited state can evolve directly into free carriers under a very weak electric field. This finding provides a reasonable explanation for ultrafast charge generation in pure polymer phases and is consistent with the fact that delocalization always coexists with ultrafast charge generation. Moreover, the devices based on homogenous polymer domains are supposed to be stress-sensitive and performance-anisotropic since the above two interactions have contrary effects and work in perpendicular directions. This work is expected to bring inspiration for the design of organic functional materials and devices.
A Frontal Cryptococcal Abscess in an HIV-Negative Patient: A Case Report and Overview of Literature
Authors: Xiao Fang , He Lixia , Wu Zezhou , Yu Yanhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cryptococcus has been occurring in an increasing number of immunocompetent individuals, with a worse response rate to available therapies as compared with classical immunosuppressive patients. Case presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of a cryptococcal brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient. This 25-year-old woman presented with a progressively worsening headache, a persistent fever, and a 2.4×2.2×2.0 cm frontal abscess. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures confirmed cryptococcal infection. She was administered standard antifungal treatment. The intracranial lesion shrunk and her clinical condition improved. However, medical therapy alone failed due to sustained high intracranial pressure during the consolidation phase and subsequent antibacterial treatment. Surgical excision confirmed a frontal abscess due to Cryptococcus neoformans. She had complete resolution following surgery. Conclusions: Although medical therapy alone may be effective for small abscesses (<2.5 cm), this case highlights that if the patient has persistently high intracranial pressure, a combined medical and surgical approach is optimal for disease management.
A Comprehensive Study on Phenolic Transition to Olive Oil from Fruits Depending on Malaxation Conditions and Ripening Degree
Authors: Delil Saliha Onur Sermet , ÖZKAN Gülcan , KARACABEY Erkan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phenolics, in addition to color, flavor, nutritional value, and organoleptic properties, are mainly responsible for the oxidative stability of olive oil and change according to the degree of maturity and processes. This study, it was aimed to optimize the malaxation process using the response surface method in terms of oil yield and bioactive phenolic constituents, including total phenolic content, ortho-diphenol, and free radical scavenging activity of olive oils at three maturity stages. At all maturity stages, malaxation temperature and time were effective on the considered responses. The total phenolic content, ortho-diphenols, and free radical scavenging activity of the oil samples varied in a range of 86.11-338.94 (milligram gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg), 66.74-154.88 (mg GAE/kg), and 42.49–90.10%, respectively, depending on the malaxation conditions. Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and luteolin were the individual phenolics determined chromatographically in the olive oil samples, and their amounts varied to different extents depending on the malaxation conditions and maturity stages. The models show high predictive performance to explain the variation in the study. The optimum conditions for malaxation temperature and time for oil extraction from spotted, purple, and black fruits were 35°C/45 min, 33°C/44 min, and 35°C/24 min, respectively. In conclusion, our study proved that a moderate temperature level is sufficient to achieve the highest antioxidant phenolic content and oil yield together. These results could be economically valuable for producers and consumers.
Numerical and experimental study of the size effect on deformation behavior and quality of microembossed multi-channel structures
Authors: Tong Xu , Zheng Jun-Yuan , Fu M.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With an uptrend of product miniaturization and precision manufacturing, the microembossing process of sheet metal has been widely used, and the corresponding researches have been conducted from the aspects of both experimental and theoretical explorations. Many unknowns, however, remain, such as size effect and it-induced scatters of deformation behaviors and product qualities. In this research, the multi-channel structures with various thicknesses made by a microembossing system using pure copper sheets were employed as case studies. The crystal plasticity finite element method simulations and experiments were conducted to study the effects of grain size and sheet thickness on the process and product of microembossing in terms of load-stroke relation, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality. From both the experimental and numerical results, it is revealed that the grain size effect causes deviated load and non-uniformity in deformation. The dimensional accuracy designated by the variations in thickness and height is affected by both grain size and sheet thickness. As grain size increases, the thickness reduction becomes more dramatic, and the thinnest location is at the corner zone. The height of the channel bottom increases with grain size, while the peak height fluctuation due to grain size is relatively minor. In addition, various surface defects on the surface of the embossed multi-channel structure were observed, including microvoids and micro scratches on the sidewalls, and wrinkles and grooves on the peak and bottom surfaces. From the inner to outer of the structures, microvoids gradually change to micro scratches, which become denser and longer as grain size increases in 100 μm thick copper sheets and also more severe with the increasing sheet thickness. All of these enrich the understanding of sheet metal microembossing and facilitate design solution generation in the optimization of the microembossing process and the quality of the embossed structures.
Relative Accuracy of HWRF Reanalysis and a Parametric Wind Model during the Landfall of Hurricane Florence and the Impacts on Storm Surge Simulations
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur , Zhang Yu , Lu Lixin , Moghimi Saeed , Hu Kelin , Abodolali Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Prediction and reanalysis of storm surge rely on wind and pressure fields from either parametric tropical cyclone wind models or numerical weather model reanalysis, and both are subject to large errors during landfall. This study assesses two sets of wind/pressure fields for Hurricane Florence that made landfall along the Carolinas in September 2018, and appraises the impacts of differential structural errors in the two suites of modeled wind fields on the predictive accuracy of storm surge driven thereby. The first set was produced using Holland 2010 (H10), and the second set is the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) reanalysis created by the NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Each is validated using a large surface data set collected at public and commercial platforms, and then is used as input forcing to a 2-D coastal hydrodynamic model (Delft3D Flexible Mesh) to produce storm surge along the Carolina coasts and major sounds. Major findings include the following. First, wind fields from HWRF are overall more accurate than those based on H10 for the periphery of the storm, though they exhibit limitations in resolving high wind speeds near the center. Second, applying H10 to the best track data for Florence yields an erroneously spike in wind speed on September 15th when the storm reduced to a tropical depression. Third, HWRF wind fields exhibit a progressively negative bias after landfall, likely due to deficiencies of the model in representing boundary layer processes, and to the lack of assimilation of surface product after landfall for compensating for these deficiencies. Fourth, using HWRF reanalysis as the forcings to Delft3D yields more accurate peak surges simulations, though there is severe underestimation of surge along the shoreline close to the track center. The peak surge simulations by Delft3D are biased low when driven by H10, even though over several locations the H10 model clearly overpredicts surface wind speeds. This contrast highlights the importance of resolving wind fields further away from the center in order to accurately reproduce storm surge and associated coastal flooding.