bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of the pulsatility curve to predict shunt responsiveness in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: van Bilsen M. W. T. , van den Abbeele L. , Volovici V. , Boogaarts H. D. , Bartels R.H.M.A. , van Lindert E. J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the pulsatility curve to predict shunt response in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods
Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid dynamics were derived from an automatic lumbar infusion test (LIT) protocol. All patients were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting and re-examined 6 months after shunting. Patient demographics and outcomes were gathered in a prospective, electronic database that spanned from January 2012 to January 2020. A validated iNPH scale was used to assess patients preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The relationship of the relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC), delta amplitude, successful lowering of amplitude, and the pressure-value at a hypothetical amplitude of zero (P0), resistance to outflow (Rout), and outcome, were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
We included 38 patients. The RPPC, delta amplitude, successful lowering of amplitude, and P0 parameters did not predict shunt response. Mean P0 was 0.5 (IQR 0.4–0.9) in improved patients and 0.4 (IQR 0–1.2) in non-improved patients. The delta amplitude was 0.16 kPa (IQR 0.10–0.23) in improved patients and 0.18 kPa (IQR 0.11–0.24) in non-improved patients. Furthermore, we found a technical failure rate of pulsatility curve measurements of 32%.

Conclusion
Pulsatility curve results were not suitable in predicting shunt response in our cohort. The diagnostic value of LIT in case of normal pressure hydrocephalus should be subject to more rigorous research.
The role of context in identifying linkages between SDG 2 (food) and SDG 6 (water)
Authors: Su Han , Krol Maarten S. , Hogeboom Rick J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation’s Agenda 2030 are formulated to promote the development of integrated, multisectoral policies that explicitly consider linkages across SDGs. Although multiple recent studies have tried to identify linkages across SDGs, the role of contextual factors in identifying SDG linkages is neither well described nor understood. For the case of SDG 2 and SDG 6, this study aims to (i) identify linkages—at country and SDG target level—through the application of various quantitative and qualitative identification methods, and (ii) explore contextual factors to explain the differences across identified linkages. Hereto, we first conducted a text analysis of 195 Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) reported by 159 countries from 2016 to 2020. Next, we synthesized linkages reported by previous qualitative studies and conducted a quantitative (correlation) analysis on the UN’s SDG database. Last, we compared identified linkages across methods, paying special attention to the role of context. From the text analysis, we identified 221 country-specific linkages between 25 SDG target pairs and observed that countries increasingly report SDG linkages in their VNRs over time. Comparing text analysis, existing qualitative studies, and our quantitative correlation analysis, we found substantial differences between the number and nature of linkages identified. These differences can be explained in part by methodological considerations, but to a significant extent also by contextual factors, such as project design, technology application, phase of interventions, and project scale. We conclude by discussing the strengths and limitations of the methods involved, and suggestions for future studies.
Leadcare® II Comparison with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Blood Lead Measurement in Peruvian Highlands
Authors: Rosales-Rimache Jaime , Chavez-Ruiz Manuel , Inolopú-Cucche Jorge , Rabanal-Sanchez Jhonatan , Rueda-Torres Lenin , Sanchez-Holguin Gloria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeru is one of the countries with the highest lead contamination in the world. Biological monitoring has limitations due to the shortage of laboratories with validated methodologies for the measurement of blood lead, and it is necessary to use alternative methods for its measurement in high-altitude cities. We aimed to compare the blood lead levels (BLL) measured by the LeadCare II (LC) method and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS). We measured the BLL of 108 children from the city of La Oroya. The mean and median BLL for GF-AAS were 10.77 ± 4.18 and 10.44 µg/dL, respectively; for the LC method, the mean was 11.71 ± 4.28 and the median was 11.60 µg/dL. We found a positive linear correlation (Rho = 0.923) between both methods. Notwithstanding, the Wilcoxon test suggests a significant difference between both methods (ρ = 0.000). In addition, the Bland–Altman analysis indicates that there is a positive bias (0.94) in the LC method, and this method tends to overestimate the BLL. Likewise, we performed a generalized linear model to evaluate the influence of age and hemoglobin on BLL. We found that age and hemoglobin had a significant influence on BLL measured by the LC method. Finally, we used two non-parametric linear regression methods (Deming and Passing-Bablok regression) to compare the LC method with the GF-AAS. We found that these methods differ by at least a constant amount, and there would be a proportional difference between both. Although in general there is a positive linear correlation, the results of both methods differ significantly. Therefore, its use in cities located at high altitudes (higher than 2440 m.a.s.l.) would not be recommended.
Effect of scanner lens on lateral response artefact in radiochromic film dosimetry
Authors: Shameem Tarafder , Bennie Nick , Butson Martin , Thwaites David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Radiochromic film is a good dosimeter choice for patient QA for complex treatment techniques because of its near tissue equivalency, high spatial resolution and established method of use. Commercial scanners are typically used for film dosimetry, with Epson scanners being the most common. Radiochromic film dosimetry is not straightforward having some well-defined problems which must be considered, one of the main ones being the Lateral Response Artefact (LRA) effect. Previous studies showed that the contributing factors to LRA are from the structure of the active ingredients of the film and the components and construction of the flatbed scanner. This study investigated the effect of the scanner lens on the LRA effect, as part of a wider investigation of scanner design effects and uncertainties. Gafchromic EBT3 films were irradiated with 40 × 40 cm2 field size 6 MV beams. Films were analysed using images captured by a Canon 7D camera utilising 18 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm focal length lenses compared to images scanned with a conventional Epson V700 scanner. The magnitude of the LRA was observed to be dependent on the focal length of the lens used to image the film. A substantial reduction in LRA was seen with the use of the 50 mm and 100 mm lenses, by factors of 3–5 for the 50 mm lens and 4–30 for the 100 mm lens compared to conventional desktop scanner techniques. This is expected to be from the longer focal length camera lens system being able to collect more light from distant areas compared to the scanner-based system. This provides an opportunity to design film dosimetry systems that minimise this artefact.
The Use of Medications and Dietary Supplements by Masters Athletes — a Review
Authors: Harnett Joanna , Climstein Mike , Walsh Joe , Gifford Janelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Masters athletes (MA) are generally considered healthier than their sedentary peers. However, the prevalence of chronic conditions in any population increases with age. Treatments involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. A substantial proportion of the general population also use dietary supplements (DS). This raises questions about the potential for drug-nutrient interactions which may lead to adverse effects. We sought to determine the potential for drug-nutrient interactions MA may be exposed to by examining the prevalence of chronic conditions treated with medications and their DS use.

Recent Findings

Common conditions in MA include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, osteoarthritis, depression and anxiety. Treatments may involve prescribed medications. Few recent studies were identified on DS use; however, indications are for around 60% prevalence of supplement usage.

Summary

The higher prevalence of DS use by MA may result in drug-nutrient interactions that impact the effectiveness and safety of prescribed medications for chronic conditions.
„Wer braucht diese Äpfel und Birnen?“ Wahrnehmung und Nutzung von Daten der Weiterbildungsstatistik durch weiterbildungspolitische Akteure
Authors: Widany Sarah , Gerhards Pia 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDatenbasierung ist in den letzten Jahrzenten zu einem zentralen Bestandteil der output-orientierten Steuerung von Bildung geworden. Dies gilt auch für den Weiterbildungsbereich. Hier ergeben sich besondere Herausforderungen, etwa durch heterogene Anbieter- und Teilnahmestrukturen sowie eine fragmentierte Datenlage. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag, wie sich politische Akteure zu Daten der Weiterbildungsstatistik verhalten. Eine qualitative Sekundäranalyse von Interviews mit weiterbildungspolitischen Akteuren identifiziert Muster der Wahrnehmung und Nutzung von Daten der Weiterbildungsstatistik. Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt einen hohen Nutzungsgrad, wobei die Rezeption von statistischen Informationen fast ausschließlich über Formate der Bildungsberichterstattung erfolgt. Es besteht eine differenzierte Kenntnis zu Belast- und Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Datenquellen, die oft als problematisch bewertet werden. Präferenzen zeigen sich für – sofern vorhanden – die Nutzung von Daten aus dem eigenen Organisationskontext. Die Ergebnisse werden in ihrer Konsequenz für die Möglichkeiten datenbasierter Steuerung, die Bedeutung integrierter Bildungsberichterstattung und Forschungsbedarfe diskutiert.
An application- and market-oriented review on large format additive manufacturing, focusing on polymer pellet-based 3D printing
Authors: Pignatelli Francesco , Percoco Gianluca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince this advent, additive manufacturing (AM) has grown steadily and found applications across all types of sectors. While the great development of such technologies has improved the quality of prints and expanded the availability of materials, AM still has some limitations regarding its physical scaling. This paper will briefly present the state-of-the-art of large-scale additive manufacturing and subsequently greater attention will be given to extrusion-based 3D printing. Specifically, we will discuss about large format additive manufacturing (LFAM) or big area additive manufacturing (BAAM), a technology based on material extrusion born a few years ago. These systems are characterized by higher deposition rate and lower costs of the material compared to fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers; moreover, they allow to obtain parts with better properties (e.g., adding carbon or glass fibers). The world of research has shown great interest in large-scale material extrusion technologies, which appear to be quite competitive with conventional manufacturing processes and which will find increasing application in the industrial field. With the aim of developing a tool for orienting researchers and technicians in this complex field, the present paper presents a systematic review of the actual market of machines, the research in extrudable materials and related applications concerning large-scale 3D printing, and in particular the LFAM.
Figur/Persona
Authors: Bleumer Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag möchte eine orientierende Skizze zur historischen Genese des erzähltheoretischen und narratologischen Figurenkonzepts anbieten, dessen moderne Verengung am Leitfaden der historischen Semantik des Deutschen kritisiert wird. Im Zusammenspiel von Wort‑, Begriffs- und Theoriegeschichte ergibt sich der Befund, dass es sich bei Phänomen und Begriff der narrativen Figur um ein oszillierendes Doppelkonzept der historischen Medialität zwischen Stimme und Blick handeln dürfte. Gegenüber seinem ästhetischen Potential greifen demnach Modelle zu kurz, die sich der Intensität der Kippbewegung zugunsten einer eindeutigen terminologischen Fixierung verschließen, obwohl sie schon begriffsgeschichtlich von ihrem eigentümlichen Faszinationseffekt abhängen. Ein thesenartiges Resümee versucht schließlich, die weiteren Konsequenzen der Beobachtungen im Rahmen der jüngeren Forschungstendenzen zur historischen Ästhetik der Vormoderne anzudeuten.
Rhetorik als literaturtheoretische Praxis (zu Derrida, de Man und Barthes)
Authors: Zelle Carsten 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz überprüft die These, daß die Moderne kein Zeitalter der Rhetorik, sondern ein Zeitalter der Rhetorizität sei, an drei einschlägigen Texten von Jacques Derrida, Paul de Man und Roland Barthes. Dabei erweist sich die genannte These als einseitig, da sie zwar auf die restringierten elocutio-Rhetoriken Derridas und de Mans (sowie Paul Ricœurs, wie ein Exkurs seiner Benveniste-Rezeption andeutet) zutreffen mag, nicht jedoch auf Barthes. Seine Rückkehr in die Rhetorik zielt auf die Rekonstruktion eines umfassenden Rederegimes, die zu einer seinerzeit noch ausstehenden Diskurslinguistik, die Benvenistes späte Schriften nahegelegt hatten, führen sollte.
Persistence Steenrod modules
Authors: Lupo Umberto , Medina-Mardones Anibal M. , Tauzin Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt has long been envisioned that the strength of the barcode invariant of filtered cellular complexes could be increased using cohomology operations. Leveraging recent advances in the computation of Steenrod squares, we introduce a new family of computable invariants on mod 2 persistent cohomology termed$$Sq^k$$Sqk-barcodes. We present a complete algorithmic pipeline for their computation and illustrate their real-world applicability using the space of conformations of the cyclo-octane molecule.
Responsibility gaps and the reactive attitudes
Authors: Tollon Fabio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems are ubiquitous. From social media timelines, video recommendations on YouTube, and the kinds of adverts we see online, AI, in a very real sense, filters the world we see. More than that, AI is being embedded in agent-like systems, which might prompt certain reactions from users. Specifically, we might find ourselves feeling frustrated if these systems do not meet our expectations. In normal situations, this might be fine, but with the ever increasing sophistication of AI-systems, this might become a problem. While it seems unproblematic to realize that being angry at your car for breaking down is unfitting, can the same be said for AI-systems? In this paper, therefore, I will investigate the so-called “reactive attitudes”, and their important link to our responsibility practices. I then show how within this framework there exist exemption and excuse conditions, and test whether our adopting the “objective attitude” toward agential AI is justified. I argue that such an attitude is appropriate in the context of three distinct senses of responsibility (answerability, attributability, and accountability), and that, therefore, AI-systems do not undermine our responsibility ascriptions.
AI ethics and its pitfalls: not living up to its own standards?
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAI ethics is deemed to be an essential ingredient in the quest for trustworthy AI. Hence, demands for implementing AI ethics and ethicists into AI organizations, especially corporations, are ubiquitous. However, the assumption that AI ethicists have particular epistemological advantages compared to non-ethicists as well as the idea that AI ethics automatically decreases the likelihood of unethical outcomes are both flawed. Therefore, this comment lists risks that either originate from AI ethicists themselves or from the consequences their embedding in AI organizations has. The compilation of risks comprises psychological considerations concerning the cognitive biases of AI ethicists themselves as well as biased reactions to their work, subject-specific and knowledge constraints AI ethicists often succumb to, negative side effects of ethics audits for AI applications, and many more. Ultimately, the aim of this comment is not to diminish or deny the importance of the discipline of AI ethics, but rather to increase its capacities for self-reflection and, ultimately, effectiveness.
Perceived experiences of patients with breast cancer: a qualitative study of the influence of spirituality and health beliefs among preoperative breast cancer patients in Ghana
Authors: Acquaye Victoria Akuorkor , Dai-Kosi Alfred Dickson , Pereko Kingsley Kwadwo Asare , Ackom Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a major threat to public health globally and in Ghana. Breast cancer is a serious health problem among women which affects the daily functioning of the individual and their psychological health.

Aim
The study examined the influence of spirituality and health beliefs on anxiety and depression among preoperative breast cancer patients in Ghana.

Methodology
This is a qualitative study involving 54 preoperative breast cancer patients selected from 3 referral hospitals in Accra namely: 37 Military hospital, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, and the Sweden Ghana Medical Centre all in Ghana. The study collected data via one-on-one in-depth interviews (IDI) and Focus group discussion (FGD).

Result
Qualitative thematic analysis techniques were employed to analyse data and the results revealed spirituality and health beliefs influenced patients’ perception and health-seeking, while spirituality in particular helped patients cope with the disease. The results also showed that participants’ levels of anxiety increased due mainly to surgery which is the most common mode of breast cancer treatment.

Discussion
This study generates knowledge about the relations between spirituality, health beliefs and psychological wellbeing among breast cancer patients in Ghana. The study implies that spirituality and health beliefs of the cancer experience have implications for psychological wellbeing.
‘Yes, I’ve got the job, but my challenge is keeping the job’: an evaluation of a new pathway to open employment to meet the needs of people with acquired brain injury in Australia
Authors: Bould Em , Callaway Libby , Brusco Natasha K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and objectives:In Australia, people with disability continue to experience low employment rates (48%), compared to the national average (79%), and employment is even lower (30%) for people with acquired brain injury (ABI). This paper evaluates a pilot study of a new mainstream employment pathway following ABI, called Employment CoLab.Method:Employment CoLab was piloted across multiple industries using a mix of reasonable employer adjustments, insurance-funded supports and/or access to capacity-building supports. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with four stakeholders; (1) Employees with ABI (n = 5, age 31–49 years, time since injury M(R) = 11(4–26) years); (2) Employers/co-workers (n = 3); (3) Allied health professionals/vocational providers (n = 4); and (4) Injury insurance funders who hold portfolio responsibility for disability employment (n = 5). An explorative economic evaluation was also conducted to compare the cost to the funder for Employment CoLab compared to traditional employment pathways.Results:Employment CoLab offered a new approach for people with ABI to gain and sustain open employment. Four major themes were identified from participant interviews: valuing employment and diversity; barriers to mainstream employment; reflections on being employed; and being supported over time. The economic evaluation was unable to detect if the pathway was, or was not, less costly when compared to traditional employment pathways.Conclusions:Employment CoLab is a person-centred collaborative approach which, together with effective social disability insurance approaches, has built new opportunities for inclusive mainstream economic participation following ABI.
The No Child Left Behind Act in the Global Architecture of Educational Accountability
Authors: Ydesen Christian , Dorn Sherman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough chiefly framed in the context of domestic education policy, debates about the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) echoed international education policy debates and the workings of global education governance. As this article demonstrates, both domestic and international efforts were shaped by three key features: tension between centralized goals and historically localized practices and authorities; links between education policy goals and a set of rhetorical arguments centered on human capital; and competitive comparisons among education systems that mixed market rhetoric with prestige dynamics. These common features can be attributed to the development of a “soft governance” layer, in which multilateral surveillance plays a major part. In the US, such development began before NCLB, accelerated during the NCLB era, and remained after NCLB was replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015.
DETERMINACY OF SCHMIDT’S GAME AND OTHER INTERSECTION GAMES
Authors: CRONE LOGAN , FISHMAN LIOR , JACKSON STEPHEN 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchmidt’s game and other similar intersection games have played an important role in recent years in applications to number theory, dynamics, and Diophantine approximation theory. These games are real games, that is, games in which the players make moves from a complete separable metric space. The determinacy of these games trivially follows from the axiom of determinacy for real games,
$\mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb R}$
, which is a much stronger axiom than that asserting all integer games are determined,
$\mathsf {AD}$
. One of our main results is a general theorem which under the hypothesis
$\mathsf {AD}$
implies the determinacy of intersection games which have a property allowing strategies to be simplified. In particular, we show that Schmidt’s
$(\alpha ,\beta ,\rho )$
game on
$\mathbb R$
is determined from
$\mathsf {AD}$
alone, but on
$\mathbb R^n$
for
$n \geq 3$
we show that
$\mathsf {AD}$
does not imply the determinacy of this game. We then give an application of simple strategies and prove that the winning player in Schmidt’s
$(\alpha , \beta , \rho )$
game on
$\mathbb {R}$
has a winning positional strategy, without appealing to the axiom of choice. We also prove several other results specifically related to the determinacy of Schmidt’s game. These results highlight the obstacles in obtaining the determinacy of Schmidt’s game from
$\mathsf {AD}$
.