bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Sanitary Condition in Slum Area of Balkhu, Kathmandu Metropolitancity, Nepal.
Authors: Gautam Sabyata , Basnet Rojina 
Published: March 2022

Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health. The study on sanitation condition of Slum Area of Balkhu-14, Kathmandu was studied. In this descriptive study, data was collected from 100 households, selected by using simple random sampling. Most of the respondents were female i.e. 70%. More than half of the respondents were illiterate and 69% of them were labor. Almost half of the respondents of the slum area, had knowledge about sanitation, i.e. 43% of the respondents told the correct meaning of sanitation. Study revealed that only 58% of the respondents had a toilet in their houses, 74% of the respondents used to brush their teeth once a day and 19% twice a day, and only 81% used soap water for washing their hands after toilet. It was found that 72% of the respondents were found to use water without treatment. The main communicable disease occurring in the study area was found to be diarrhea. Since, the area was highly crowded and the low level of knowledge of the slum dwelling people, the sanitation condition of the slum area was not good. Thus, awareness raising program regarding the sanitation practices and cleaning their environment should be conducted and the policy makers should give priority for the improvement of lifestyles of slum dwelling peoples.
Effects of Isocyanate-to-Polyols (NCO/OH) Ratio on Bio-based Polyurethane Film from Palm Kernel Oil based Monoester Polyols (PKO-p) for Polymer Electrolytes Application
Authors: SU'AIT Mohd Sukor , SYED MAHADZIR Puteri Intan Zulaikha , BADRI Khairiah Haji , AHMAD Azizan 
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the synthesis of bio-based polyurethane (PU) film from palm kernel oil-based polyols (PKO-p) at four different isocyanate-to-polyols (NCO/OH) ratios comprising 100/100, 100/150, 100/200, and 100/250. The PU film was prepared by mixing 2,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and PKO-p in acetone using the pre-polymerization technique under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The effect of the NCO/OH ratio on the properties of the PU films was analyzed through infra-red spectroscopy, molecular weight distribution, thermal behavior, and impedance spectroscopy. According to the infra-red spectroscopic analysis, the formation of urethane linkages (–NHCOO–) after the polymerization was indicated through the disappearance of isocyanate (N=C=O) peak and the appearances of secondary amine, carbonyl, carbamate, ether, and ester groups in the PU chain. In addition, the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) showed that the weight of average molecular weight (MW) increased with increasing NCO/OH ratio up to 1.23 × 106 g mol-1. Nevertheless, higher content of PKO-p resulted in a low crosslink PU (4 % crosslink) and poor physical properties such as soft, sticky, and easy to tear due to the non-hydrogen bonded urethane. Moreover, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) reduced from 67 °C to 30 °C with the increase in PKO-p content. Despite all samples experienced the same thermal stability at 187 °C, a significant difference was observed in the mass loss of NCO/OH ratios. The highest thermal degradation was found at (100/200) NCO/OH ratio with Tmax = 444 °C. Furthermore, the piezoelectricity characteristic of pristine PU recorded the bulk resistant of up to ~107 – 105 Ω which reduced further after the presence of lithium iodide (LiI) salts as the charge carrier with the calculated ionic conductivity around 10-5 S cm-1. Thus, this study demonstrated the promising physicochemical properties of PU film from PKO-p for polymer electrolyte application.
Validity of using perceived exertion to assess muscle fatigue during resistance exercises
Authors: Zhao Hanye , Nishioka Takuya , Okada Junichi 
Published: March 2022

Background
The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is correlated with physiological variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of using the Borg CR-10 scale and velocity to predict muscle fatigue assessed by surface electromyography during single joint resistance exercises.

Methods
Fifteen healthy males underwent different fatigue levels of unilateral elbow flexion (EF) and knee extension (KE), consisting of low, medium, and high volumes at 65% of their one-repetition maximum. The RPEs, spectral fatigue index (SFI), and mean velocity of the experimental exercises were assessed throughout the trials.

Results
Significant differences in overall RPE (p < 0.001) and average SFI (p < 0.001) were observed between the conditions in both exercises. Significant changes in RPE and SFI (p < 0.001) were observed throughout the EF, whereas a SFI increase (p < 0.001) was only observed at the end point of KE. Multiple regression analyses revealed two significant models (p < 0.001) for the prediction of muscle fatigue during EF (R2 = 0.552) and KE (R2 = 0.377).

Conclusions
Muscle fatigue resulted in similar increases in perceptual responses, demonstrating that RPE is useful for assessing fatigue when resistance exercise is performed. However, velocity changes may not reflect muscle fatigue correctly when exercise is no longer performed in an explosive manner. We recommend combining RPE responses with velocity changes to comprehensively assess muscle fatigue during clinical and sports situations.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplements’ Knowledge among Cardiac Patients
Authors: Kassab Yaman W. , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Salahuddin Amra , Moiz Muhammad Umer Abdul , Syed Haroon Khalid , Ehsan Abdullah , Haseeb Abdul , Alghamdi Abdullah Mohammed , Paneerselvam Ganesh Sritheran , Bethala Krupavaram , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: March 2022

Background: Most studies showed fair evidence on the benefits of Coenzyme Q10 supplements in improving cardiac functions and preventing cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess knowledge of Coenzyme Q10 supplements among cardiac patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and 134 patients were conveniently enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, derived from extensive literature reviews.
Results: Study subjects were found to have not appropriate knowledge about Coenzyme Q10 supplements (mean knowledge score=1.8, SD=3.131). This study found strong positive correlation between the knowledge score and attitude score (r=0.776, p<0.05). Elderly and those earning higher incomes had statistically higher knowledge scores compared to others.
Conclusion: The obtained knowledge towards Coenzyme Q10 supplements reflected the low pattern of use among cardiac patients. It also emphasized the role of healthcare providers to increase awareness about the benefits of Coenzyme Q10 supplements among cardiac patients as well as to educate them about its interaction with some drugs.
Cytotoxic Effect of Red Sandal Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Mouthwash Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Amrithaa B. , Ganesh S. Balaji , Kumar S. Rajesh 
Published: March 2022

Background: Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) plays a crucial role in nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanomedicine. AgNP has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-antigenic, anticancer and cytotoxic properties. Cytotoxic effects of mouthwashes on the gingival tissue have always been a priority. Pterocarpus santalinus, with the common name of red sandalwood. The aim of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash using brine shrimp lethality assay.
Materials and Methods: The mouthwash was prepared using red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles, ethanol, distilled water, sucrose, sodium benzoate, clove oil, sodium dodecyl phosphate with 0.1% in concentration. The methodology includes green synthesis of Red sanders mediated Silver Nanoparticles synthesis followed by tests for Cytotoxic effect using mouthwash.
Results: Red sanders mediated silver nanoparticles have high potent cytotoxic potential, it has been proved with the help of brine shrimps. LD50 concentration was obtained to be 80µL, with half the population of nauplii in the respective well surviving post incubation.
Conclusion: From the observed result, it has been concluded that Pterocarpus santalinus/red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash has a considerably moderate cytotoxic effect. It is a rich source of various potential phytochemicals and is a simple, rapid, stable and cost effective method for nano based medical applications.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Garcinia mangostana Mediated Selenium Induced Nanoparticles: An In vitro Study
Authors: Benitha J. Georgia , Ramani Pratibha , Rajeshkumar S. , Gheena S. , Abhilasha R. , Reshma K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained interest due to their unique chemical and biological properties, which are critical for their possible applications in a variety of fields. Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) is a tropical fruit known for its edible pulp. The edible pulp accounts for just 30% of the total fruit weight, while the pericarp and seed are discarded. In response to rising public demand for naturally safe foods and items, we conducted a study to determine the antioxidant ability and antibacterial activity of mangosteen pericarp induced with selenium nano particles.
Methods: The antioxidant capacities of selenium nano particles induced mangosteen’s pericarp were determined using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, whereas agar well – diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial activity on chosen oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis.
Results: In this study, the G. mangostana mediated selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis method. The maximum absorbance of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles was measured using a double beam UV visible spectrophotometer, resulting in a maximum absorbance of 325 nm. The Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract mediated selenium nanoparticles shows potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: The outcomes of our study could facilitate future application of mangosteen waste as a bio preservative in the food industry.
Predictors of Health-related Quality of Life among Warfarin Patients
Authors: Khan Salah-ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Warfarin is amongst the most frequently used oral anticoagulant, that is often prescribed to control and prevent various thromboembolic diseases like venous thromboembolism, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and valvular heart disease. This study aimed to determine various predictors and their impact on overall HRQoL among warfarin patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using WHOQOL-BREF research tool was conducted among warfarin patients. Data was collected by convenience sampling method. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were used by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 24 to determine the predictors of HRQoL among warfarin patients.
Results: The majority of the studied warfarin patients were females than males (n=221, 69.3%, and n=98, 30.7% respectively). In univariate analysis, statistically non-significant differences (p >0.05) were observed in gender, age, marital status and work. In multivariate analysis, significant differences (p <0.05) were observed in education, warfarin usage, and warfarin therapy duration.
Conclusion: These results indicated that education, warfarin usage, and warfarin therapy duration were the pure predictors of HRQoL among the studied cohort of the warfarin patients.
Decoding the Genetic Alteration in Genes of PARP Family and the Possible Association with HNSCC
Authors: Ravikumar Harita , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Poddar Nidhi 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Genetic alterations have long been associated with the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. Several genes are related to exhibiting the phenotype. The PARP gene family is mainly involved in maintaining genome stability. They play an important role in DNA repair and the programmed cell death process.
Aim: To analyse the genetic alteration in PARP family and to determine its association with HNSCC.
Materials and Methods: Cbioportal was used as the primary database for identifying the mutations and variations. The data generated in the form of oncoprint was further assessed for frequency of occurrence, type and novelty.
Results and Discussion: It can be observed that greater amplification was found in the TIPARP gene which is 14% among all the 17 genes of the family. Also to add on, PARP 14 and PARP 15 show amplification patterns in similar groups of patients. Several types of mutations such as truncated, splicing deep deletion were found in most of the genes. The TIPARP gene was up-regulated in HNSCC patients. The Caucasians experiencing low/medium expression of TIPARP showed greater rates of survival than highly expressed African Americans. Similarly, males presenting with low or medium expression of TIPARP showed a greater rate of survival than the highly expressed females.
Conclusion: TIPARP could be a promising prognostic marker for screening populations vulnerable to acquiring HNSCC.
Prevalence of Kinesiophobia in Treating Lateral Epicondalgia through Physical Therapy
Authors: Jeswani Kiran , Rathi Manisha 
Published: March 2022

Background: Physical treatment (PT) addresses a significant methodology in treating lateral epicondalgia. Which is less explored so far, thereby we tried to throw light a bit in little acknowledged area.
Methodology: Review was led in India in patients with lateral epicondalgia alluded to PT. Kinesiophobia was scored with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Patients who agreed for the study were considered with a consent form.
Results: 500 patients with lateral epicondalgia were considered, 45.5% female and 65.5% of males alluded to PT. Patients with fear of movement were essentially more seasoned. A critical increment of PT fulfillment was seen in patients.
Conclusion: Kinesiophobia with lateral epicondalgia who comes for physical management is seen significantly.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Banana Stem Mediated Copper Nanoparticles : An In vitro Study
Authors: Suresh Charanya , Ganesh S. Balaji , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Musa sapientum, commonly known as banana, is an herbaceous plant of the Musaceae family. Copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) enhance the scavenging capacity of various antioxidants and improve the treatment of ROS-related diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of banana stem mediated copper nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: Banana stems weighing 200 grams were cut into small pieces. These fragments were powdered and mixed with 200 cc of sterile distilled water in a blender. CuCl2H2O (0.5 mmol, 5 mL) was applied to ethanol, and the reaction mixture was allowed to react with 1 M NaOH while stirring. Cu-Nps and the prepared banana stem extract were mixed together. The DPPH assay was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of banana stem mediated Cu-Nps. The percent inhibition values were determined using the formula after the absorbance values were measured with a UV spectrophotometer.
Results: At the highest concentration used in the study, the antioxidant activity of banana stem mediated Cu-Nps was 88.10 percent and that of vitamin C was 92.15 percent. This demonstrated that Cu- Nps mediated by banana stems have a concentration-dependent antioxidant effect.
Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of banana stem mediated Cu- Nps tested here was higher than the standard antioxidant drug vitamin c in lower concentration. In higher concentration, vitamin c standard showed higher antioxidant activity.
Notice of Bronze Relics, &c., found in the Isle of Skye
Authors: Smith John Alex 
Published: March 2022

John Alex Smith displayed some illustrations of bronze artefacts found in a peat bog on the Isle of Skye. He notes their similarity to other bronze finds from Scotland but is unable to accurately date them. He also comments on some of the personal artefacts that were once owned by Flora MacDonald, now in the possession of Lord and Lady MacDonald.

Meeting notes for 12 April, 1858 are appended.
Account of 'The Dane's Dyke,' an ancient Camp at Fife-Ness
Authors: Mackinlay John 
Published: March 2022

The article begins with accounts of the death of King Constantine II in Fife, although the author is hesitant to conclude that the king was murdered in "Constantine's Cave" based on the available evidence. The author then goes on to describe a survey of the Danes Dyke, a fortification nearby this cave, which he argues was occupied by the Danish and Norwegian forces for a considerable time before the battle in which Constantine was killed.
Following this paper is a summary of the exhibition of two original Robert Burns manuscripts by fellows.

Meeting notes for 16 March, 1859 are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: Innes Cosmo , Neaves Lord 
Published: March 2022

The meeting was held in the Society's new rooms at the Royal Institute ahead of the re-opening of the Museum to the public. The retiring Vice-President Cosmo Innes gave a talk on his research into the geography of 10th century Scotland and the challenges he faced conducting this research. He aslo congratulated the Society on its new rooms, the successful campaign to change the operation of the Treasure Trove in Scotland, and all the contributions made by Fellows of the Society to the study of archaeology and history in Scotland.

A special meeting and Conversazione was held to officially celebrate the opening of the Society's new rooms on 23 December 1859.
Concordia facta inter Anglicos et Scotos, 3d January 1322-3
Authors: Munch Peter A , Laing David 
Published: March 2022

Professor Munch explains how he was granted access to view the official documents and Papal letters of the Regesta in the Vatican. He discusses a treaty between some of the Lords of Northern England and King Robert the Bruce from 1322, which he found in these archives. the paper includes a transcription of this document, as well as some background on the treaty itself and how this copy came to be in Rome. Munch also mentions donating three Papal bulls relating to Scotland at the same time as this document, but at the end of the paper it is stated that these could not be printed without explanatory notes, so they were omitted from this volume.

Meeting notes for 4 June, 1860 are appended.
Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico da Despolimerização do PET
Authors: Souza Caio Cefas  da Nóbrega , Do Carmo Edilânia Silva , França Juliana Araújo Marques , Silva José Nilton 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo trata do estudo e monitoramento tecnológico sobre a despolimerização do Poli tereftalato de etileno (PET), usando patentes como fontes de informações. O levantamento das informações foi realizado utilizando a plataforma Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chave para as buscas “despolimerização”, “Politereftalato de etileno”, “PET”, “Poly (ethylene therephthalate)” e “depolymerization”. Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao campo de pesquisa. Os principais processos para despolimerização do PET estão a hidrólise, a glicólise, a aminólise, a amonólise e a metanólise. Tais tecnologias constituem a reciclagem terciária ou reciclagem química do PET.
Visão do Setor Supermercadista em Relação aos Produtos com Registro da Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe
Authors: Coan Arthur , Vieira Adriana Carvalho Pinto , Schneider Michele Domingos , Zilli Julio Cesar 
Published: March 2022

Os Vales da Uva Goethe são uma região produtora de Uva e Vinho localizada no Sul de Santa Catarina, compreendendo oito municípios. Em 2012, essa produção conquistou o registro de Indicação de Procedência Vales da Uva Goethe. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo objetivou identificar a visão do setor supermercadista em relação aos vinhos produzidos com o registro de Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe na cidade de Criciúma – SC. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa caracterizou-se como descritiva quanto aos fins e de campo quanto aos meios de investigação. A população-alvo foi delimitada pelos supermercados da cidade de Criciúma – SC, caracterizadas pelos sommeliers ou responsáveis pela compra de vinhos do estabelecimento. Verificou-se que os sommeliers sabem o que é Indicação Geográfica, ao contrário dos consumidores. Os vinhos e espumantes dos Vales da Uva Goethe são comercializados em 50% dos supermercados. Apesar de o consumo de vinhos nacionais crescer, o consumidor tem preferência pelos importados, principalmente os chilenos.
Intrinsic Carbon Defects Induced Reversible Antimony Chemistry for High‐Energy Aqueous Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Wang Fuxin , Xie Jinhao , Zheng Dezhou , Yang Fan , Zhang Haozhe , Lu Xihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping high‐capacity, dendrite‐free, and stable anode materials for robust aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) is an ongoing challenge. Antimony (Sb) is predicated as an attractive anode material, but it still suffers from low capacity and poor stability caused by the obstructed kinetic behavior and uncontrollable nucleation for SbO2−. Herein, designing a new defect‐modified carbon skeleton (D‐CS), a highly reversible Sb anode with ultralong cycling stability is realized at practical levels of capacity and high depth of discharge (DOD). The abundant intrinsic carbon defects can effectively form positive charge centers to weaken electrostatic repulsion between SbO2− and electrode surface, facilitating the fast ion kinetics and provide generous controllable nucleation sites. In addition, the uniform electric field distribution of the D‐CS induces manageable plating and stripping of the Sb metal, which effectively boosts its electrochemical reversibility and restrains adverse reactions. Accordingly, the Sb/D‐CS electrode achieves a long cycle life of over 500 h with a capacity of 2 mAh cm−2. Even at an ultrahigh capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, it can still work stably up to 40 h. Furthermore, its feasibility as advanced anode in AABs is also confirmed by assembled Ni//Sb/D‐CS full batteries with an ultrahigh capacity of 13.5 mAh cm−2 and a considerable stability of 4500 cycles.
Selective Synthesis of Diverse Heterocycles via Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling of beta‐Tetralone and Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Wang Shuowen , Li Rong , Jiang Shuxin , Huang Huawen , Shao Wen , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mild procedure for the selective preparation of diverse heterocycles (such as quinoxaline, phenazine, phenothiazine, etc.) from beta‐tetralones and nitrogen nucleophiles under metal‐free conditions has been developed. The iodine reagents played an important role in the selectivity control of condensation and dehydrogenative aromatization cascade processes. These reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and apply to oxidation‐sensitive nitrogen nucleophiles.magnified image