bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining neutron-star matter with microscopic and macroscopic collisions
Authors: Huth Sabrina , Pang Peter T. H. , Tews Ingo , Dietrich Tim , Le Fèvre Arnaud , Schwenk Achim , Trautmann Wolfgang , Agarwal Kshitij , Bulla Mattia , Coughlin Michael W. , Van Den Broeck Chris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterpreting high-energy, astrophysical phenomena, such as supernova explosions or neutron-star collisions, requires a robust understanding of matter at supranuclear densities. However, our knowledge about dense matter explored in the cores of neutron stars remains limited. Fortunately, dense matter is not probed only in astrophysical observations, but also in terrestrial heavy-ion collision experiments. Here we use Bayesian inference to combine data from astrophysical multi-messenger observations of neutron stars1–9 and from heavy-ion collisions of gold nuclei at relativistic energies10,11 with microscopic nuclear theory calculations12–17 to improve our understanding of dense matter. We find that the inclusion of heavy-ion collision data indicates an increase in the pressure in dense matter relative to previous analyses, shifting neutron-star radii towards larger values, consistent with recent observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer mission5–8,18. Our findings show that constraints from heavy-ion collision experiments show a remarkable consistency with multi-messenger observations and provide complementary information on nuclear matter at intermediate densities. This work combines nuclear theory, nuclear experiment and astrophysical observations, and shows how joint analyses can shed light on the properties of neutron-rich supranuclear matter over the density range probed in neutron stars.
ATGL is a biosynthetic enzyme for fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids
Authors: Patel Rucha , Santoro Anna , Hofer Peter , Tan Dan , Oberer Monika , Nelson Andrew T. , Konduri Srihari , Siegel Dionicio , Zechner Rudolf , Saghatelian Alan , Kahn Barbara B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBranched fatty acid (FA) esters of hydroxy FAs (HFAs; FAHFAs) are recently discovered lipids that are conserved from yeast to mammals1,2. A subfamily, palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), are anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic1,3. Humans and mice with insulin resistance have lower PAHSA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue and serum1. PAHSA administration improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation in obesity, diabetes and immune-mediated diseases1,4–7. The enzyme(s) responsible for FAHFA biosynthesis in vivo remains unknown. Here we identified adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)) as a candidate biosynthetic enzyme for FAHFAs using chemical biology and proteomics. We discovered that recombinant ATGL uses a transacylation reaction that esterifies an HFA with a FA from triglyceride (TG) or diglyceride to produce FAHFAs. Overexpression of wild-type, but not catalytically dead, ATGL increases FAHFA biosynthesis. Chemical inhibition of ATGL or genetic deletion of Atgl inhibits FAHFA biosynthesis and reduces the levels of FAHFA and FAHFA-TG. Levels of endogenous and nascent FAHFAs and FAHFA-TGs are 80–90 per cent lower in adipose tissue of mice in which Atgl is knocked out specifically in the adipose tissue. Increasing TG levels by upregulating diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity promotes FAHFA biosynthesis, and decreasing DGAT activity inhibits it, reinforcing TGs as FAHFA precursors. ATGL biosynthetic transacylase activity is present in human adipose tissue underscoring its potential clinical relevance. In summary, we discovered the first, to our knowledge, biosynthetic enzyme that catalyses the formation of the FAHFA ester bond in mammals. Whereas ATGL lipase activity is well known, our data establish a paradigm shift demonstrating that ATGL transacylase activity is biologically important.
Graph pangenome captures missing heritability and empowers tomato breeding
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zhang Zhiyang , Bao Zhigui , Li Hongbo , Lyu Yaqing , Zan Yanjun , Wu Yaoyao , Cheng Lin , Fang Yuhan , Wu Kun , Zhang Jinzhe , Lyu Hongjun , Lin Tao , Gao Qiang , Saha Surya , Mueller Lukas , Fei Zhangjun , Städler Thomas , Xu Shizhong , Zhang Zhiwu , Speed Doug , Huang Sanwen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMissing heritability in genome-wide association studies defines a major problem in genetic analyses of complex biological traits1,2. The solution to this problem is to identify all causal genetic variants and to measure their individual contributions3,4. Here we report a graph pangenome of tomato constructed by precisely cataloguing more than 19 million variants from 838 genomes, including 32 new reference-level genome assemblies. This graph pangenome was used for genome-wide association study analyses and heritability estimation of 20,323 gene-expression and metabolite traits. The average estimated trait heritability is 0.41 compared with 0.33 when using the single linear reference genome. This 24% increase in estimated heritability is largely due to resolving incomplete linkage disequilibrium through the inclusion of additional causal structural variants identified using the graph pangenome. Moreover, by resolving allelic and locus heterogeneity, structural variants improve the power to identify genetic factors underlying agronomically important traits leading to, for example, the identification of two new genes potentially contributing to soluble solid content. The newly identified structural variants will facilitate genetic improvement of tomato through both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. Our study advances the understanding of the heritability of complex traits and demonstrates the power of the graph pangenome in crop breeding.
A collection of 3D geomodels of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal systems (Mexico)
Authors: Calcagno Philippe , Trumpy Eugenio , Gutiérrez-Negrín Luis Carlos , Liotta Domenico 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at sharing 3D geological models that were constructed at different scales in two Mexican geothermal areas as part of the European-Mexican GEMex project. The project was devoted to investigate superhot resources in Los Humeros and enhanced geothermal systems in Acoculco, both areas located in eastern Mexico. To build confidence in the resultant datasets and to potentially inform the development of models in similar contexts, the methodology is also described. The models integrate the main geological and geothermal features of the study areas and served as a framework for subsequent calculations and simulations. Preliminary models were based on data available at the beginning of the project, and were updated several times as new geological, geochemical, and geophysical field-data were obtained. The construction of the geomodels was performed in a collaborative and interdisciplinary way, using an existing software, and ultimately enabled a consensus interpretation and representation to be reached by the several disciplinary experts involved.
GIVE statistic for goodness of fit in instrumental variables models with application to COVID data
Authors: Dhar Subhra Sankar , Shalabh  
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince COVID-19 outbreak, scientists have been interested to know whether there is any impact of the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine against COVID-19 mortality or not. It becomes more relevant as a large population in the world may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for which a person may not have active tuberculosis but persistent immune responses stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, and that means, both LTBI and BCG generate immunity against COVID-19. In order to understand the relationship between LTBI and COVID-19 mortality, this article proposes a measure of goodness of fit, viz., Goodness of Instrumental Variable Estimates (GIVE) statistic, of a model obtained by Instrumental Variables estimation. The GIVE statistic helps in finding the appropriate choice of instruments, which provides a better fitted model. In the course of study, the large sample properties of the GIVE statistic are investigated. As indicated before, the COVID-19 data is analysed using the GIVE statistic, and moreover, simulation studies are also conducted to show the usefulness of the GIVE statistic along with analysis of well-known Card data.
Control of biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dairy farm using Virokill silver nano-based disinfectant as an alternative approach
Authors: Aziz Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel , Mahmoud Rehab , Mohamed Manar Bahaa El Din 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for many clinical infections in both animals and humans. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in dairy farm's that possess a great importance to dairy industry where it shares in milk spoilage. Evaluation of the efficacy of commonly used disinfectants to control the pathogen in dairy environment and finding a way to overcome high resistance to the used agents. Samples (n = 250) were collected from different environmental components, milk, and milkers' hands. Pathogens were isolated, biofilm was detected and their sensitivity against two commonly used disinfectants and against silver nanoparticles and Virokill AgNPs at different concentrations and contact times were tested. The pathogen significantly prevailed in milk samples (70.0%, P < 0.001). 50 out 74 isolates were biofilm-forming that was significantly obtained from environment (71.8%, P < 0.001). P. aeruginosa showed variable degree of resistance to tested disinfectants but it was significantly sensitive to Virokill AgNPs (200/1000) mg/l at exposure time 24 h (P < 0.001). It was concluded that using Virokill AgNPs in regular sanitation and disinfection of dairy farms, this helps the control of P. aeruginosa subsequently increasing milk quality and improving dairy industry and protecting human health.
Effect of plasma sericin glutaraldehyde treatments on the low stress mechanical properties of micro denier polyester/cotton blended fabric
Authors: Rajalakshmi M. , Kubera Sampath Kumar S. , Vasanth Kumar D. , Siva Jagadish Kumar M. , Prakash C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to see how different treatments affect the low-stress mechanical properties of micro-denier polyester/cotton (MDP/C—65/35) fabrics. This blend was chosen for the study because it is the most popular blend used in polyester/cotton blended material. The results of fabric properties treated with sericin revealed that fabrics treated with sericin and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent had higher bending rigidity, regardless of how it was tested. Concerning the blend fabrics, it was noticed that there was deterioration in tensile resilience following sericin treatment. Shear rigidity, accompanied by shear hysteresis, showed an increase in sericin-treated fabrics. Compression properties were affected by the treatment, and in general, the fabric suffered deterioration in those the samples were hard. Surface properties such as coefficient of friction, mean deviation of friction and mean deviation of surface contour were found to be higher than those of the control and sericin-treated fabrics in a few cases.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a rapid response to phosphorus deficiency in a phosphorus-efficient rice genotype
Authors: Prodhan M. Asaduzzaman , Pariasca-Tanaka Juan , Ueda Yoshiaki , Hayes Patrick E. , Wissuwa Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient. Most rice growing lands lack adequate P, requiring multiple P fertiliser applications to obtain expected yields. However, P fertiliser is environmentally damaging, and already unaffordable to the marginal farmers. This warrants developing P-efficient rice varieties that require less P to produce the expected yield. However, genetic factors underlying P-use efficiency (PUE) in rice remain elusive. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis using two rice varieties with contrasting PUE; a P-efficient landrace DJ123 and a P-inefficient modern cultivar IR64. We aimed to understand the transcriptomic responses in DJ123 that allow it to achieve a high PUE under low P conditions. Our results showed that both DJ123 and IR64 had replete tissue P concentrations after 48 h of P deprivation. Yet, DJ123 strongly responded to the external low P availability by inducing P starvation-inducible genes that included SPX2, PHO1, PAPs and SQDs, while these genes were not significantly induced in IR64. We envisage that the ability of DJ123 to rapidly respond to low P conditions might be the key to its high PUE. Our findings lay a valuable foundation in elucidating PUE mechanism in rice, thus will potentially contribute to developing P-efficient modern rice variety.
Animal behavior is central in shaping the realized diel light niche
Authors: Häfker N. Sören , Connan-McGinty Stacey , Hobbs Laura , McKee David , Cohen Jonathan H. , Last Kim S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimal behavior in space and time is structured by the perceived day/night cycle. However, this is modified by the animals’ own movement within its habitat, creating a realized diel light niche (RDLN). To understand the RDLN, we investigated the light as experienced by zooplankton undergoing synchronized diel vertical migration (DVM) in an Arctic fjord around the spring equinox. We reveal a highly dampened light cycle with diel changes being about two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the surface or a static depth. The RDLN is further characterized by unique wavelength-specific irradiance cycles. We discuss the relevance of RDLNs for animal adaptations and interactions, as well as implications for circadian clock entrainment in the wild and laboratory.
Vibrio cholerae senses human enteric α-defensin 5 through a CarSR two-component system to promote bacterial pathogenicity
Authors: Liu Yutao , Xu Tingting , Wang Qian , Huang Junxi , Zhu Yangfei , Liu Xingmei , Liu Ruiying , Yang Bin , Zhou Kai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is an aquatic bacterium responsible for acute and fatal cholera outbreaks worldwide. When V. cholerae is ingested, the bacteria colonize the epithelium of the small intestine and stimulate the Paneth cells to produce large amounts of cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Human defensin 5 (HD-5) is the most abundant CAMPs in the small intestine. However, the role of the V. cholerae response to HD-5 remains unclear. Here we show that HD-5 significantly upregulates virulence gene expression. Moreover, a two-component system, CarSR (or RstAB), is essential for V. cholerae virulence gene expression in the presence of HD-5. Finally, phosphorylated CarR can directly bind to the promoter region of TcpP, activating transcription of tcpP, which in turn activates downstream virulence genes to promote V. cholerae colonization. In conclusion, this study reveals a virulence-regulating pathway, in which the CarSR two-component regulatory system senses HD-5 to activate virulence genes expression in V. cholerae.
A dolphin-inspired compact sonar for underwater acoustic imaging
Authors: Vishnu Hari , Hoffmann-Kuhnt Matthias , Chitre Mandar , Ho Abel , Matrai Eszter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderwater imaging sonars are widely used for oceanic exploration but are bulky and expensive for some applications. The sonar system of dolphins, which uses sound pulses called clicks to investigate their environment, offers superior shape discrimination capability compared to human-derived imaging sonars of similar size and frequency. In order to gain better understanding of dolphin sonar imaging, we train a dolphin to acoustically interrogate certain objects and match them visually. We record the echoes the dolphin receives and are able to extract object shape information from these recordings. We find that infusing prior information into the processing, specifically the sparsity of the shapes, yields a clearer interpretation of the echoes than conventional signal processing. We subsequently develop a biomimetic sonar system that combines sparsity-aware signal processing with high-frequency broadband click signals similar to that of dolphins, emitted by an array of transmitters. Our findings offer insights and tools towards compact higher resolution sonar imaging technologies.
A new Internet of Things based optimization scheme of residential demand side management system
Authors: Alhasnawi Bilal Naji , Jasim Basil H. , Mansoor Riyadh , Alhasnawi Arshad Naji , Rahman Zain‐Aldeen S. A , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Guerrero Josep M. , Dakhil Adel Manaa , Siano Pieruigi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe steady increase in the energy demand and the growing carbon footprint has forced electricity‐based utilities to shift from their use of non‐renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the integration of renewable energy sources in the electric grid. Hence, one needs to manage the energy consumption needs of the consumers, more effectively. Consumers can connect all the devices and houses to the internet by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this study, the researchers have developed and proposed a novel 2‐stage hybrid method that schedules the power consumption of the houses possessing a distributed energy generation and storage system. Stage 1 modeled the non‐identical Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) that can contain the DGS like WT and PV. The HEMS organise the controllable appliances after taking into consideration the user preferences, electricity prices and the amount of energy produced /stored. The set of optimal consumption schedules for every HEMS was estimated using a BPSO and BSA. On the other hand, Stage 2 includes a Multi‐Agent‐System (MAS) based on the IoT. The system comprises two portions: software and hardware. The hardware comprises the Base Station Unit (BSU) and many Terminal Units (TUs).
Filamentary structures of ionized gas in Cygnus X
Authors: Emig K. L. , White G. J. , Salas P. , Karim R. L. , van Weeren R. J. , Teuben P. J. , Zavagno A. , Chiu P. , Haverkorn M. , Oonk J. B. R. , Orrú E. , Polderman I. M. , Reich W. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: June 2022

Context.Ionized gas probes the influence of massive stars on their environment. The Cygnus X region (d~ 1.5 kpc) is one of the most massive star-forming complexes in our Galaxy, within which the Cyg OB2 association (age of 3–5 Myr and stellar mass 2 × 104M⊙) has a dominant influence.Aims.We observe the Cygnus X region at 148 MHz using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and take short-spacing information into account during image deconvolution into account. Together with data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, we investigate the morphology, distribution, and physical conditions of low-density ionized gas in a 4° × 4° (~100 pc × 100 pc) region at a resolution of 2′ (0.9 pc).Methods.The Galactic radio emission in the region analyzed is almost entirely thermal (free-free) at 148 MHz, with emission measures (EM) of 103< EM [pc cm−6] < 106. As filamentary structure is a prominent feature of the emission, we use DisPerSE and Fil ChaP to identify filamentary ridges and characterize their radial (EM) profiles.Results.The distribution of radial profiles has a characteristic width of 4.3 pc and a power-law distribution (β= −1.8 ± 0.1) in peak EM down to our completeness limit of 4200 pc cm−6. The electron densities of the filamentary structure range between 10 ≲ne[cm−3] ≲ 400 with a median value of 35 cm−3, remarkably similar to [N II] surveys of ionized gas.Conclusions.Cyg OB2 may ionize at most two-thirds of the total ionized gas and the ionized gas in filaments. More than half of the filamentary structures are likely photoevaporating surfaces flowing into a surrounding diffuse (~5 cm−3) medium. However, this is likely not the case for all ionized gas ridges. A characteristic width in the distribution of ionized gas indicates that the stellar winds of Cyg OB2 create a fraction of the ionized filaments through swept-up ionized gas or dissipated turbulence.
An optimization method for material sound absorption performance based on surrogate model
Authors: Song Hao , Su Lin , Yan Xiaowei , Liu Jinshi 
Published: June 2022

In some complex engineering design problems, the use of numerical simulation methods to solve the target value often consumes several hours or even longer, which limits the real-time response to the model. The surrogate model can solve the above-mentioned shortcomings because of its use of statistical ideas to link the design variables with the target value. Kriging model has been widely used in other fields due to its simple algorithm compilation and good stability of calculation results, but there is little research in the field of silencing structure optimization. In order to study the optimization efficiency and optimization effect of the surrogate model in the optimization design of the anechoic structure, combined with the surrogate model and the multi-point plus point criterion, a set of general optimization algorithm framework suitable for the surrogate model and the gradient-enhanced Kriging model (GEK) was developed. Based on this framework, the evolution of the sound absorption coefficient of the anechoic structure under three different working conditions (100–10 000 Hz, 100–1500 Hz, 100–10 000 Hz frequency under static pressure) was compared. The gradient enhancement Kriging model and the gradient optimization algorithm were compared and studied. The results show that under the assumption that the gradient of the objective function and the objective function have the same amount of calculation, the optimization times obtained by the Kriging model with gradient enhancement are better than those obtained by the Kriging model and the gradient optimization algorithm in most cases, and the optimization results of GEK and Kriging models are better than those of gradient optimization.
Der plötzliche Säuglingstod – Aufgaben des Notarztes
Authors: Sperhake Jan 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Notarztdienst treten ganz unvermeidlich Situationen auf, die sehr belastend für die professionellen Helfer sind. Ganz zweifellos gehört dazu der plötzliche Tod eines Säuglings. Der
Notarzt ist als einer der ersten Helfer – in der Regel noch vor der Polizei – am Ort des Geschehens. Die Wahrnehmungen, die der Notarzt vor Ort macht, können einen ganz wesentlichen Einfluss
auf die (rechts-)medizinische und polizeiliche Aufklärung des Todesfalles haben.