bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast PEDOT:PSS/H2SO4 Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Comparison with Polyaniline Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Kim Kein , Park Jinwoo , Lee Junyoung , Suh Soomin , Kim Woong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely studied conductive polymers, owing to its excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, with various applications such as organic electrochemical transistors, electrochromics, and flexible/stretchable supercapacitors. The charging mechanism of PEDOT:PSS supercapacitors has been traditionally believed to be faradaic, which involves the transfer of charge across the electrode/electrolyte interface. In the present work, however, robust experimental evidence suggests that the PEDOT:PSS supercapacitors mainly store and deliver charge nonfaradaically. The various electrochemical properties of PEDOT:PSS electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are clearly distinguishable from those of polyaniline (PANI) pseudocapacitors, which store charge faradaically. Owing to the nonfaradaic mechanism, the frequency response of PEDOT:PSS supercapacitors is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art ultrafast EDLCs with carbon‐based electrodes, making them suitable for high‐frequency applications such as 60 Hz AC line filtering. This result is of great importance for the fundamental understanding of the charging mechanism of mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymers, such as PEDOT:PSS, and is expected to contribute to the development of various electrochemical devices based on this type of material.
On checking dissipativity of parameterized linear and time‐invariant circuits and systems
Authors: Zanco Alessandro , Grivet‐Talocia Stefano 
Published: December 2022

SummaryA novel dissipativity characterization is proposed for linear time‐invariant circuits and systems whose dynamic behavior depends on one external parameter. The proposed formulation extends to the parameterized case standard Hamiltonian‐based algebraic dissipativity characterizations and is structured as an underdetermined multiparameter eigenvalue problem. Resulting from a polynomial parameterization, the proposed characterization leads to an effective set of algorithms that are able to determine the regions of local dissipativity and local activity in the frequency‐parameter plane, which in turn can be exploited by dissipativity enforcement algorithms to produce uniformly passive models. The reference application of proposed technique is behavioral modeling of complex circuits or systems, whose dynamic behavior can be compressed into a low‐order system through dedicated model order‐reduction processes. Various examples ranging from integrated components to microstrip filters and networks are used to illustrate the proposed characterization.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screens in pediatric tumours: A review
Authors: van Mackelenbergh Madelaine G. , Metselaar Dennis S. , Meel Michaël H. , Hulleman Esther 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery and development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has revolutionized and accelerated functional genetic screening in cancer research. In this review, we discuss different methods of executing CRISPR screens, with a focus on pediatric tumour entities. Historically, these tumours were thought to resemble their adult counterparts. However, the new era of genomic research and the extensive use of gene editing has identified pediatric tumours as distinct entities with drastically different development and presentation. Here we provide an overview of CRISPR screens performed in pediatric tumour models and highlight unique considerations for pediatric tumour screens. In particular, the results from CRISPR screens combining treatment with genetic knockouts can push treatment for pediatric patients. We conclude by discussing the potential of CRISPR genetic screening to unravel pediatric tumour biology and identify new treatment options.
Prefrontal activation in preschool children is associated with maternal adversity and child temperament: A preliminary fNIRS study of inhibitory control
Authors: Miller Jonas G. , Hyat Mahnoor , Perlman Susan B. , Wong Ronald J. , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExposure to adversity is a well‐documented risk factor for cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems. In fact, the consequences of adversity may be intergenerational. A growing body of research suggests that maternal exposures to adversity, including those prior to childbirth, are associated with offspring biobehavioral development. In a sample of 36 mothers and their preschool‐age children (mean child age = 4.21 ± 0.92 years), we used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy to replicate and extend this work to include brain activation during inhibitory control in young children. We found that measures of maternal exposure to adversity, including cumulative, childhood, and preconception exposures, were significantly and positively associated with activation in the right frontopolar prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the left temporal and parietal clusters during inhibitory control. In addition, and consistent with previous findings, children's increased negative affect and decreased effortful control were associated with increased right PFC activation during inhibitory control. These findings provide preliminary evidence that maternal and dispositional risk factors are linked to alterations in PFC functioning during the preschool years. Children of mothers with a history of exposure to adversity, as well as children who are less temperamentally regulated, may require increased neural resources to meet the cognitive demands of inhibitory control.
The effects of postnatal erythropoietin and nano‐erythropoietin on behavioral alterations by mediating K‐Cl co‐transporter 2 in the valproic acid‐induced rat model of autism
Authors: Haratizadeh Sara , Ranjbar Mehdi , Darvishzadeh‐Mahani Fatemeh , Basiri Mohsen , Nozari Masoumeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, based on the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, the time window of GABA switch, the role of K‐Cl co‐transporter 2 (KCC2) in adjustment GABA switch, and brain permeability to erythropoietin (EPO), the effects of postnatal ‐EPO and‐ nano‐ erythropoietin (NEPO) have been evaluated in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. The VPA was administered for animal modeling of autism at gestational day (GD) 12.5 (600 mg/kg). Male offsprings were injected with EPO and NEPO in a clinically proper postnatal dosing regimen on postnatal days (PND) 1–5, and autistic‐like behaviors were tested at the end of the first month. Then animals were sacrificed, and neuron morphology and KCC2 expression were examined by Nissl staining and Western blot. According to our findings, high‐dose NEPO improved autism‐associated phenotypes. Neuroprotective effects of EPO and NEPO have been shown in the hippocampus. Postnatal NEPO treatment reversed KCC2 expression abnormalities induced by prenatal VPA. Our results might support the role of KCC2 in ASD and the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance hypothesis. We suggested Nano‐ erythropoietin and other KCC2 interventions as a new approach to the early treatment and prevention of autism.
Long‐term trends in wetland event response with permafrost thaw‐induced landscape transition and hummock development
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Frederick Ian , Disher Brenden , Carpino Olivia , Quinton William L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNorthwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost landscape is transitioning rapidly due to permafrost thaw, with the conversion of elevated, forested peat plateaus to low‐lying, treeless wetlands. Increasing hydrological connectivity leads to partial drainage of previously isolated wetlands, which subsequently develop hummock–hollow microtopography. Ultimately, the ecohydrological feedbacks associated with climate‐driven permafrost thaw have led to the expansion of treed wetlands in plateau–wetland complexes. Field research and aerial imagery analyses were conducted at the Scotty Creek Research Station, Northwest Territories, to examine the development of hummock terrain over time and the resultant impacts on the hydrological response of wetlands connected to the basin drainage network. The area of peat plateaus underlain by permafrost declined between 2010 and 2018. The total area of hummock terrain increased in the basin in the same time period, with an overall decrease in the hummock perimeter‐to‐area ratio as small individual hummocks increased in size and aggregated into larger hummock complexes occupied by re‐establishing trees. With the development and expansion of hummock terrain, the tortuosity of flowpaths draining wetlands increased. The average wetland water level recession constants following precipitation events became shorter over the 15 year period of record (2003–2017). The average time of water level rise in response to precipitation events decreased over time, as precipitation was directed quickly to runoff. As permafrost thaw reduces the cover of peat plateaus in exchange for increased wetland area, the presence of treed wetlands appears to be transitioning plateau–wetland complexes into permafrost‐free forest, facilitated by the growth of hummock terrain. Permafrost thaw‐induced wetland transition triggers ecohydrological feedbacks with the potential to alter the availability and sustainability of freshwater resources.
High variation in handling times confers 35‐year stability to predator feeding rates despite community change
Authors: Novak Mark 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHistorical resurveys of ecological communities are important for placing the structure of modern ecosystems in context. Rarely, however, are snapshot surveys alone sufficient for providing direct insight into the rates of the ecological processes underlying community functioning, either now or in the past. In this study, I used a statistically reasoned observational approach to estimate the feeding rates of a New Zealand intertidal predator, Haustrum haustorium, using diet surveys performed at several sites by Robert Paine in 1968–1969 and by me in 2004. Comparisons between time periods reveal a remarkable consistency in the predator's prey‐specific feeding rates, which contrasts with the changes I observed in prey abundances, the predator's body‐size distribution, and the prey's proportional contributions to the predator's apparent diet. Although these and additional changes in the predator's per‐capita attack rates seem to show adaptive changes in its prey preferences, they do not. Rather, feeding‐rate stability is an inherently statistical consequence of the predator's high among‐prey variation in handling times which determine the length of time that feeding events will remain detectable to observers performing diet surveys. Though understudied, similarly high among‐prey variation in handling (or digestion) times is evident in many predator species throughout the animal kingdom. The resultant disconnect between a predator's apparent diet and its actual feeding rates suggests that much of the temporal, biogeographic, and seemingly context‐dependent variation that is often perceived in community structure, predator diets, and food‐web topology may be of less functional consequence than assumed. Qualitative changes in ecological pattern need not represent qualitative changes in ecological process.
Applicability of new proposed criteria for iron deficiency in Japanese patients with heart failure
Authors: Tada Atsushi , Nagai Toshiyuki , Koya Taro , Nakao Motoki , Ishizaka Suguru , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Aoyagi Hiroyuki , Imagawa Shogo , Tokuda Yusuke , Takahashi Masashige , Kato Yoshiya , Machida Masaharu , Matsutani Kenichi , Saito Takahiko , Anzai Toshihisa ,   the ELMSTAT‐HF investigators
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsIron deficiency (ID) is a common co‐morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). A recent study showed that ID defined by the current guideline criteria was not associated with worse clinical outcomes, and new ID criteria was proposed in patients with HF. However, the external applicability of the new proposed criteria is unclear. We sought to investigate the applicability of the proposed ID criteria in Japanese patients with HF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively examined 763 patients with chronic HF from a Japanese multicentre registry. The proposed ID criteria were transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% and serum iron ≤13 mmol/L and the guideline ID criteria were serum ferritin <100 ng/mL or, when ferritin was 100–299 ng/mL, TSAT <20%. Among all patients (456 male, mean age 71 ± 13 years), 213 (28%) and 444 (58%) met the proposed and guideline ID criteria, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 436 days (interquartile range 297–565), the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality occurred in 56 (7%) patients. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the patients with and without guideline ID criteria (P = 0.32), whereas patients with serum iron ≤10 μmol/L showed higher mortality (P = 0.002). In multivariable Cox regressions, the proposed ID criteria, but not guideline ID criteria, were independently associated with the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.16–3.51 and HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.76–2.28, respectively), even after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhen defined by the proposed criteria and not the guideline criteria, ID was associated with higher mortality in patients with chronic HF, suggesting that the proposed ID criteria is applicable to the Japanese population.
How Methylammonium Iodide Reactant Size Affects Morphology and Defect Properties of Mechanochemically Synthesized MAPbI3 Powder
Authors: Leupold Nico , Ramming Philipp , Bauer Irene , Witt Christina , Jungklaus Jennifer , Moos Ralf , Grüninger Helen , Panzer Fabian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHere, we investigate in detail the impact of the size of the methylammonium iodide (MAI) reactants in the mechanochemical powder synthesis of the halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Morphology and structural characterizations by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction reveal that with increasing MAI reactant size, the particle size of the perovskite powder increases, while its defect density decreases, as suggested by nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy and photoluminescence investigations. The reason for this behavior seems to be associated to the sensitive influence of the MAI size on the time durations of MAPbI3 synthesis and delayed MAPbI3 crushing stage during ball milling. Thus, our results emphasize the high importance the reactant properties have on the mechanochemical synthesis of halide perovskites and will contribute to enhance the reproducibility and control of the fabrication of halide perovskites in powder form.
Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of genotoxicity data provides protective estimates of in vivo dose
Authors: Beal Marc A. , Audebert Marc , Barton‐Maclaren Tara , Battaion Hannah , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Cao Xuefei , Chen Connie , Dertinger Stephen D. , Froetschl Roland , Guo Xiaoqing , Johnson George , Hendriks Giel , Khoury Laure , Long Alexandra S. , Pfuhler Stefan , Settivari Raja S. , Wickramasuriya Shamika , White Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenotoxicity assessment is a critical component in the development and evaluation of chemicals. Traditional genotoxicity assays (i.e., mutagenicity, clastogenicity, and aneugenicity) have been limited to dichotomous hazard classification, while other toxicity endpoints are assessed through quantitative determination of points‐of‐departures (PODs) for setting exposure limits. The more recent higher‐throughput in vitro genotoxicity assays, many of which also provide mechanistic information, offer a powerful approach for determining defined PODs for potency ranking and risk assessment. In order to obtain relevant human dose context from the in vitro assays, in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models are required to determine what dose would elicit a concentration in the body demonstrated to be genotoxic using in vitro assays. Previous work has demonstrated that application of IVIVE models to in vitro bioactivity data can provide PODs that are protective of human health, but there has been no evaluation of how these models perform with in vitro genotoxicity data. Thus, the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee, under the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, conducted a case study on 31 reference chemicals to evaluate the performance of IVIVE application to genotoxicity data. The results demonstrate that for most chemicals considered here (20/31), the PODs derived from in vitro data and IVIVE are health protective relative to in vivo PODs from animal studies. PODs were also protective by assay target: mutations (8/13 chemicals), micronuclei (9/12), and aneugenicity markers (4/4). It is envisioned that this novel testing strategy could enhance prioritization, rapid screening, and risk assessment of genotoxic chemicals.
Minimizing the transport loss and degradation of perovskite optoelectronics via grain dimerization technique
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Yun Alan Jiwan , Park Byungwoo , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a next‐generation photovoltaic device, perovskite solar cell (PSC) is rapidly emerging by its appealing properties. Nevertheless, owing to the degradation which is initiated from the grain boundaries and dangling bonds on the surface, PSC is struggling with not only power conversion efficiency (PCE) but its stability. Herein, dimerization technique using diphenyl(4‐vinylphenyl)phosphine (DVP) is suggested to heal both bulk and interfaces of the perovskite grains. Effective DVP dimerization results in the minimized‐defect perovskite and constructs strong cross‐linking networks inside the grains, enabling improved device performance, reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, hydrophobic species of DVP boost the stability against humidity, which is confirmed by the solar cell dipped in water. As a result, this work obtained PSCs with improved film morphology, reproducibility and stability by DVP dimerization, achieving 21.1% of PCE stable for 1000 h under extreme conditions (AM 1.5G and 60°C, encapsulated).image
A new nonlinear spring‐dashpot model of CPRF of NPP structure based on coupled BEM‐FEM approach
Authors: Firoj Mohd , Maheshwari Bal Krishna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a BEM‐FEM coupled model of combined piled raft foundation (CPRF) is proposed for both the frequency domain and the time domain dynamic analyses of a NPP structure in the linear, equivalent linear and nonlinear soil domain. The piles are modeled using the finite element method as a beam element, while the raft and internal domain of soil are modeled using the eight nodded brick element. It is assumed that the piles are rigidly connected with the raft. The nonlinearity of soil is modeled using the hyperbolic stress–strain relation and Modified Drucker–Prager Model. The boundary of the layered soil domain is modeled using the boundary element method. For simplification, it is assumed that the raft and piles are rigidly connected with the soil that means there are no slip and separation conditions at the interface of pile‐soil and raft‐soil. In order to validate the proposed approach, numerical results, that is, impedances in the horizontal, vertical and rocking directions, are compared with the published literature. Further, dynamic analyses of a lumped structure founded on CPRF is carried out in the time domain and frequency domain using these impedances and results are compared with the FEM. It is found that the spring‐dashpot models give the reasonably good agreement with finite element method for linear, equivalent linear and nonlinear models for both frequency domain and time domain analyses. Moreover, practical application of proposed model is shown for a very large problem of raft‐pile‐soil‐structure interaction such as a NPP structure on the layered soil. It was found that the nonlinearity significantly increases the response of the NPP structure. The proposed model has many advantage over the finite element model, for example, first it is very simple and second it reduced the computation time significantly with the good accuracy.
Free‐space optical communication assisted emergency communication scheme against multiple fiber link failures in low‐edge‐connected optical networks
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Xin , Xu Wei , Huang Shanguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe optical network may become disconnected under fiber link failures if its edge connectivity is not greater than the number of link failures, this will make the transmissions of many services to be interrupted. In the optical network with lengths of fiber links from several kilometers to more than 10 km, free‐space optical (FSO) links can provide considerable capacity for the transmissions of large‐bandwidth services. Using FSO links to establish the emergency communication path for uninterrupted transmission can be seen as a viable scheme. In this paper, we propose the FSO communication assisted emergency communication (FSOC‐EC) scheme against multiple fiber link failures in the low‐edge‐connected optical network. Using FSO links and fiber links to establish emergency communication paths can achieve a quick recovery for communication. The layout of FSO transceivers can be seen as a classic NP‐hard problem. To reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX), we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a heuristic algorithm for the layout of FSO transceivers. And to improve the protection success rate (PSR) of services, we propose an ILP model and a heuristic algorithm to pre‐allocate the wavelengths on FSO links. We consider the adverse influence of rainfall on FSO links and propose the corresponding schemes to alleviate this on FSOC‐EC. Simulation results show that adding available FSO links in different locations can alleviate the adverse influence of rainfall and increase the network connected rate (NCR) under multiple fiber link failures, and FSOC‐EC can greatly improve PSR.