bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to studying the pathogenesis of asthma
Authors: Duangkham Samapon , Welch Nicole , Vega Myrian , Shahbandar Sima , Tarbox James 
Published: January 2022

A phenotype describes a group of patients who present with similar clinically observable characteristics. An endotype is a subgroup of patients who share the same pathophysiologic processes that lead to disease presentation. Asthma is a complex chronic disorder that consists of many identifiable phenotypes and two generally accepted endotypes. Understanding the characteristics of the underlying inflammation requires lung biopsies or bronchoalveolar lavage studies, which are invasive and potentially dangerous. There are ongoing investigations that study biomarkers to define asthma phenotypes and endotypes. This article reviews the potential utility of pharmacogenomics, exhaled breath condensates, and serum biomarkers in defining asthma phenotypes and endotypes.

Key words: asthma, pathogenesis, pharmacogenetics, exhaled condensates, biomarkers
Why Do Young Adults Retreat from Marriage? An Easterlin Relative Income Approach
Authors: Mavropoulos Georgios , Panagiotidis Theodore 
Published: January 2022

Easterlin’s relative income hypothesis refers to the current income of young adults compared to the level of material aspirations acquired during childhood. The hypothesis implies that young individuals are expected to reduce fertility if their material aspirations grow at a higher rate than their incomes. This paper examines whether the same hypothesis holds true for marriage. A higher (lower) level of income combined with a lower (higher) level of material aspirations would increase (decrease) relative income and consequently could affect marriage rates. Thus, relative income might be one explanation for the “marriage paradox” which indicates that young adults in the United States retreat from marriage despite perceiving it as a milestone of their lives. One might also expect relative income to be a better predictor of marriage than absolute income. This is because, according to the Easterlin hypothesis, the behaviour of young adults reflects not only their response to changes in external conditions (e.g. absolute income), but also to past events they have experienced.
We employ panel dynamic methods and causality tests for the United States that span the period from 1981 to 2016. Empirical analysis supports the relative income hypothesis. Causality tests indicate that the relationship runs mostly from relative income to marriage rather than the other way round. Relative income emerges as a stronger predictor than absolute income in all of the methods employed.
Imbalance of the hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis systems under conditions of diabetes mellitus complicated by acute circulatory disturbance in the pool of carotid arteries of rats
Authors: Tkachuk S. , Povar M. , Gerush N. , Tkachuk O. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Both cerebral ischemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are evidenced to be associated with hypercoagulation state, though today the facts concerning hemocoagulation condition with diabetes mellitus complicated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion are lacking.
The aim of the study. To examine the dynamics of interrelations between the pro-, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic parameters in rats with diabetes mellitus complicated by acute cerebral circulatory disturbance.
Results. At the early ischemic-reperfusion period activation of the pro-coagulant potential (decrease of prothrombin and thrombin time and increase of fibrinogen content) is found to be balanced by a reduced activity of XIII factor and an increase activity of antithrombin III in rats without diabetes mellitus. At the same period in rats with diabetes increase of the pro-coagulant potential is accompanied by the activation of XIII factor and a reduced activity of antithrombin III promoting clot formation. On the 12th day of the observation the parameters of the coagulation chain in the hemostasis system and antithrombin III return to the level of the control animals in rats without diabetes, but in rats with diabetes the factors of intensification of a thrombotic risk remain activated.
At the early and late ischemic-reperfusion periods the parameters of blood fibrinolytic activity increase in rats without diabetes; in animals with diabetes mellitus the parameters of fibrinolytic activity remain without changes at the early period of observation (except decrease of a potential plasminogen activity), and they decrease on the 12th day of the post-ischemic period, which deteriorates conditions of thrombolysis.
Conclusions. Complication of diabetes mellitus by ischemic-reperfusion lesion of the brain results in imbalance in the hemocoagulation system at the expense of intensification of pro-coagulant mechanisms, and promotes inhibition of fibrinolytic processes with advanced changes in the dynamics of observation.
el poder desde la perspectiva de foucault y la práctica de filosofía con niños en la escuela
Authors: Salas Ana Corina 
Published: January 2022

We understand that the practice of Philosophy with Children within the school, proposed by Walter Kohan, invites practitioners to think about themselves and, in that reflective act, to know what they are – and what they are being -, what they want and do not want to be, giving themselves the possibility of self-transformation. In order to transform ourselves, says this philosopher, it is necessary to abandon the devices that lead us to be what we are. But, what are we? What are we as teachers? What are we as students? What devices lead us to be what we are? To think about these questions we analyze, with Michel Foucault, the school, an institution where the practice of Philosophy with Children takes place, in order to understand the power relations that exist in this space. We will understand how this power relations shape and define what it is to be a teacher and to be a student. To do this, we start with an introduction to Foucault’s thought, analyzing what is power, pastoral power, disciplinary power and resistance that, according to the French philosopher, shapes school as an educational locus. Likewise, we will present the Philosophy with Children proposal and expose the possibility and need, stated by Kohan, for philosophy (as an exercise within the school) to reflect on the coercive practices of power experienced in the classroom and, from there, to create and openness to other forms of relationship between those who inhabit it. Finally, we argue that the practice of Philosophy with Children constitutes, in Foucault's terms, a practice of resistance within schools.
Entre a caridade, a diversão e o medo: o dia de Cosme e Damião numa vila do subúrbio carioca.
Authors: Bártolo Lucas 
Published: January 2022

Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a cada 27 de setembro, os santos Cosme e Damião são festejados, especialmente por devotos católicos e adeptos de religiões afro-brasileiras, com a distribuição de doces e brinquedos a milhares de crianças que saem às ruas nesse dia em busca das prendas. Neste artigo, apresento uma etnografia do dia 27 de setembro no Bairrinho, uma vila do subúrbio carioca onde vigoram fortes laços de parentesco e vizinhança; e há grande preocupação com a segurança, entendida a partir das relações com o mundo externo. Atentando ao caráter extraordinário desse dia, o qual reconfigura as dinâmicas sócio-espaciais da vila e promove a relação entre moradores e gente de fora, veremos como a festa de Cosme e Damião se realiza entre a caridade, a diversão e o medo.
“TIA, É PRA LER OU SÓ PRA OLHAR AS FIGURAS?”: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE GÊNEROS MULTIMODAIS A PARTIR DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DOS ANOS INICIAIS
Authors: Costa Alessandra , FREITAS PEREIRA DA SILVA CRISTIANE 
Published: January 2022

O presente texto objetiva analisar o trabalho com os gêneros discursivos multimodais nos anos iniciais de escolarização, a partir do uso do Livro Didático de Língua Portuguesa em sala de aula, visando compreender as propostas que este material apresenta em relação a esses gêneros enquanto objeto de ensino e de aprendizagem da linguagem. Este se caracteriza pela utilização de multisemioses em sua constituição, ou seja, o uso de mais de um modo semiótico de linguagem (texto escrito, imagem, vídeo, áudio, entre outros). O percurso metodológico que organiza os dados e constitui as análises deste artigo está assentado, prioritariamente, na pesquisa documental, tendo uma perspectiva de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa direcionada à estruturação e leitura dos dados extraídos dos cinco volumes da coleção Ápis da Editora Ática, referentes aos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental – objetos de estudo deste artigo. Tais documentos foram enviados às escolas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) para serem utilizados nos anos letivos de 2019 a 2022; escritos pelas autoras Ana Trinconi, Terezinha Bertin e Vera Marchesi, esses materiais foram os escolhidos pela maioria das escolas da rede estadual de ensino de Rondonópolis/MT que atendem a essa etapa de ensino e se mostram, muitas vezes, como único material de acesso dos alunos de baixa renda.
Segurança do paciente na assistência de enfermagem perioperatória e as taxonomias de enfermagem
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Barreto , Fassarella Cintia Silva , Silva Cristiane Pavanello Rodrigues , Luna Aline Affonso 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: analisar as estratégias da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica proposta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e identificar as taxonomias de enfermagem, a fim de subsidiar um modelo para registro e operacionalização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem Perioperatória (SAEP). Método: estudo metodológico que visa identificar as ligações das taxonomias de enfermagem, por meio da SAEP. Foram listados os principais termos da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica, consultadas as taxonomias de enfermagem, diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-Internacional, classificação dos resultados e das intervenções de enfermagem. Resultados: foi elaborado um modelo para registro e operacionalização da SAEP aplicado a segurança do paciente na assistência de enfermagem perioperatória, conforme cada fase de um fluxo normal de um procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: no modelo proposto para SAEP, foram contempladas as taxonomias NANDA-I, NOC e NIC que auxiliarão o enfermeiro no raciocínio clínico para avaliação e implementação de medidas preventivas de incidentes.
Attitudes of children towards the elderly - children between of 3 and 10 years old
Authors: Fernandes Carla Silva Neves da Nova , Moreira Maria Teresa Ferreira , Galvão Joana 
Published: January 2022

Objective: to identify attitudes of children towards the elderly. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, and correlational study was conducted. Results: the population studied were children between the ages of 3 to 10 years. Data collection incorporated some sociodemographic data and application of the "Galvão" scale validated for the Portuguese population. The convenience sample of 109 children between 3 and 10 years old, of Portuguese nationality and resident in Portugal. The results have shown on average children presented (24%) positive attitude towards the elderly. This value was close to the midpoint of the scale (28%), which places them in a moderate attitude. Conclusion: children presented more positive attitudes towards the elderly, although with some inconsistency in some dimensions. This research could become an important contribution to analyse stereotypes about aging. It is important to be able to intervene in children's attitudes towards the elderly, helping children to understand the normal changes of aging.
O Verme da Guiné e a Coleção de Helmintos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC)
Authors: Robba Olivia Da Rocha , Barbosa Keith Valéria 
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o verme africano coletado por Oswaldo Cruz, o Dracunculus Medinensis Linneaeus, também conhecido como ‘verme da Guiné’, causador da dracunculose, que faz parte da Coleção de Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC) e foi encontrado parasitando o tecido subcutâneo de um homem no início do XX. Pretende-se, a partir desta amostra, discutir a importância das coleções científicas como objeto de estudo para a história das ciências, a presença do verme no Brasil e a ausência da disseminação da doença causada por ele, o que revela a dinâmica da relação entre hospedeiro e parasita no contexto social de transformações do século XIX, período caracterizado pelo intenso circuito transatlântico entre América e África. Palavras-chave: Doença de Escravo; História da Saúde e das Doenças; Dracunculose, Verme da Guiné, Coleções Científicas.
Diferenças existentes entre cisticercose e teníase. Quais os danos dessas duas doenças nas crianças?
Authors: Silva Santana Ana Raquel , Santana de Sousa João Paulo , Marques dos Santos Paula Adriana , Veras Alexandre Krislayne , Moreira Rabelo Leonardo , Meira Moura Rodrigues Gabriela 
Published: January 2022

Resumo: As enfermidades teníase e cisticercose podem ser vistas como sendo a mesma doença, mas não é o caso, pois as duas enfermidades possuem características próprias e os danos que elas causam ao ser humano ocorrem de acordo com as peculiaridades de cada doença. Essas patologias estão presentes principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos, mas por causa da imigração estão presentes em nações desenvolvidas. Desta forma, torna-se importante o cuidado dos profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro, no combate a essas doenças Objetivo: Descrever as principais diferenças entre cisticercose e teníase, explicar os impactos dessas doenças nas crianças, expor suas epidemiologias, exemplificar as suas profilaxias e apontar o papel do enfermeiro frente a essas enfermidades. Metodologia: Artigo elaborado por meio de Revisão Bibliográfica. Foi realizada uma busca nas plataformas PubMed, Google Acadêmico, Scielo e Ministério da Saúde. Sendo utilizadas ao todo 50 fontes, publicadas de 2000 a 2019. Os critérios de inclusão foram o uso de informações recentes e que abordassem com o assunto proposto e excluídos os estudos anteriores a 2000 e que fugissem da temática apresentada. Conclusão: A teníase e cisticercose são patologias distintas. A teníase ocorre devido a presença de T. solium adulta ou T. saginata e a cisticercose é derivada da fase larvária da T. solium, que pode ser letal. Portanto, é fundamental saber as peculiaridades de cada uma, para que as medidas de prevenção sejam aplicadas, pincipalmente nas crianças, pois são o grupo alvo das infecções parasitarias.
Downsampled depth encoding for enhanced 3D range geometry compression
Authors: Schwartz Broderick S. , Bell Tyler 
Published: January 2022

The use of three-dimensional (3D) range geometry is expanding across a variety of disciplines ranging from medicine to the visual arts. A large amount of information is available in 3D range geometry, causing some applications to be limited in their ability to effectively store or transmit captured data. To help alleviate this constraint, a variety of 3D range data compression techniques have been proposed. One method, multiwavelength depth (MWD) encoding, smoothly encodes 3D range geometry into the three color channels of a 2D RGB image. To the best of our knowledge, we present a novel compression enhancement to further reduce file sizes that employs image downsampling, MWD encoding, and lossless (e.g., PNG) or lossy (e.g., JPEG) compression. Image upsampling is used to return downsampled encodings to their original resolution from which the 3D information is then decoded. The proposed method is robust to various scales of downsampling and levels of lossy compression. For example, when this method was applied with 50% downsampling and JPEG 85 to an encoding of a 3D face scan, a compression ratio of 68.85:1 versus the raw data was achieved with a global RMS reconstruction accuracy of 98.77%. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide substantial file size savings at minimal reduction in overall reconstruction accuracy.
Mid-IR quantum dot cascade VCSEL: feasibility study and feature extraction
Authors: Sheikhey Mohammad Mohsen , Mahjoory Ali , Baghban Hamed , Golmohammadi Saeed 
Published: January 2022

Quantum cascade lasers with quantum dot (QD) active regions have been developed to overcome the drawbacks of quantum-well-based cascade lasers. Low threshold current and enhanced bandwidth characteristics of QD lasers can be combined with promising energy-efficient features of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) through introducing the novel, to the best of our knowledge, concept of a QD cascade VCSEL (QDC-VCSEL). Design steps and predicted features of a QDC-VCSEL operating at 4.5 µm wavelength are discussed in this paper, where the cavity and active region are optimized for TE mode using a high contrast grating design. Laser characteristics are investigated by developing rate equations for the cascade scheme. Threshold and L-I characteristics are obtained at different temperatures. Also, the dependency of threshold current, slope efficiency, and modulation bandwidth on design parameters, mainly the carrier tunneling time, is studied. Results exhibit output peak powers of

∼

2

and

∼

0.5

m
W

at 150 and 273 K, respectively. In addition, threshold current increment and modulation bandwidth reduction are observed with the increase in tunneling time.
Experimental verification of full-field accuracy in stereo-DIC based on the ESPI method
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Ma Yinhang , Shao Xinxing , He Xiaoyuan , Quan Chenggen 
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a method to merge stereo-digital image correlation (DIC) and electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) data by camera calibration. The proposed method is employed to verify the accuracy of full-field out-of-plate displacements measured by stereo-DIC in a cantilever beam test. The mean absolute error and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the full-field displacement measured by four-megapixel cameras are 0.849 µm and 1.08 µm at 60 mm field of view, respectively, and the RMSE of the central area is 0.615 µm. The errors are not uniformly distributed because of the imperfect calibration. When the lenses are changed and the field of view reaches 120 mm, the RMSE is 1.48 µm with uniform distribution. These accuracies could be traced back to the laser wavelength to confirm the stereo-DIC data. The proposed method can be used not only to verify the full-field measurement accuracy of DIC but also to determine the rigid-body displacement for ESPI with a high-precision stereo-DIC. Thus, the displacement vector can be obtained. Furthermore, it can unify the coordinate of multiple ESPI systems to achieve a large range of high-precision three-dimensional deformation measurements.
Thermal-light heterodyne spectroscopy with frequency comb calibration
Authors: Fredrick Connor , Olsen Freja , Terrien Ryan , Mahadevan Suvrath , Quinlan Franklyn , Diddams Scott A. 
Published: January 2022

Precision laser spectroscopy is key to many developments in atomic and
molecular physics and the advancement of related technologies such as
atomic clocks and sensors. However, in important spectroscopic
scenarios, such as astronomy and remote sensing, the light is of
thermal origin, and interferometric or diffractive spectrometers
typically replace laser spectroscopy. In this work, we employ
laser-based heterodyne radiometry to measure incoherent light sources
in the near-infrared and introduce techniques for absolute frequency
calibration with a laser frequency comb. Measuring the solar
continuum, we obtain a signal-to-noise ratio that matches the
fundamental quantum-limited prediction given by the thermal photon
distribution and our system’s efficiency, bandwidth, and averaging
time. With resolving power

R
∼

10
6

, we determine the center frequency of
an iron line in the solar spectrum to sub-MHz absolute frequency
uncertainty in under 10 min, a fractional precision 1/4000 the
linewidth. Additionally, we propose concepts that take advantage of
refractive beam shaping to decrease the effects of pointing
instabilities by

100
×

, and of frequency comb multiplexing
to increase data acquisition rates and spectral bandwidths by
comparable factors. Taken together, our work brings the power of
telecommunications photonics and the precision of frequency comb
metrology to laser heterodyne radiometry, with implications for solar
and astronomical spectroscopy, remote sensing, and precise Doppler
velocimetry.
Low-cost electrothermally actuated MEMS mirrors for high-speed linear raster scanning
Authors: Samanta Bibek R. , Pardo Flavio , Salamon Todd , Kopf Rose , Eggleston Michael S. 
Published: January 2022

Electrothermally actuated MEMS mirrors are significantly lower in cost than their electrostatically actuated counterparts, largely due to their ability to perform well without hermetic packaging. However, their typical slower speeds, higher power requirement, and non-linear drive limit their widespread use. In this work, we address these limitations and achieve an electrothermally actuated MEMS mirror capable of reliable linear raster scanning at speeds up to 300 Hz with a large angular range of motion (

±

40

∘

optical). A simple pulse design technique is used to achieve

∼

99

%

scan linearity and correct for artifacts like overshoot and ringing. Furthermore, segmented polysilicon microheaters along the actuators are used for impedance matching to low-voltage electronics, resulting in lower power consumption and improved scan speed and angular range. These mirrors serve as an attractive option for low-cost and compact integrated beam-steering optical devices, and we demonstrate one such use case in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of youths and parents seeking psychological treatment for school attendance problems
Authors: Johnsen Daniel B. , Lomholt Johanne J. , Heyne David , Jeppesen Pia , Jensen Morten B. , Silverman Wendy K. , Thastum Mikael 
Published: January 2022

Background
Knowledge of school attendance problems (SAPs) is needed to inform treatments targeting SAPs and protecting youths from negative outcomes associated with SAPs.

Objectives
This study examined the school absence, absence categories (i.e., absence due to illness, excused, non-excused), sociodemographic characteristics, and mental health problems among youths seeking psychological treatment for SAPs.

Methods
The study used a cross-sectional design. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 152 help-seeking youths with SAPs (i.e., >10% absenteeism) and their parents were examined. The data were derived from the baseline assessment conducted before treatment start.

Results
Older youths, youths with mental health problems, and youths whose parents had mental health problems exhibited higher levels of absence. Lower levels of non-excused absence were found among youths with highly educated fathers, and youths living with both parents. Many youths had clinical levels of anxiety, depression, or ‘emotional and behavioral difficulties’.

Conclusion
The study highlights the need for early intervention, addressing a broad range of mental health problems.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03459677.