bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Corn Borer 2nd Brood Control, 1982
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were examined to determine their effects on second brood European corn borer larvae infesting field corn. Two applications of each product were made on 21 Jul and 4 Aug, after first generation moths became abundant in the blacklight trap next to the field. A randomized block design was used with 4 replications in ‘Pioneer 3184’ corn grown on the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond Co, VA. Individual plots were 3 rows 25 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart. Each spray concentrate was directed towards the forming ear with a CO2-powered sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual plots were evaluated at harvest 13 Sep, by recording % stalks bored, % stalks lodged, % ear shanks bored and yield in 25 row-ft.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle at 12, 24, and 36 h post treatment. Treatments consisted of the amounts of each material that would be applied to 6-in row at the 1.0 lb/acre rate as registered for corn rootworm control. All treatments were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied by hand to soil in 6-in plastic pots in a manner that approximated 7-in band applications in the field. Insecticides were sprinkled onto the soil and watered. Ten sugarcane beetles were introduced into each pot 8 h after treatment. Beetles were observed until all had burrowed into the soil. The pots were then covered with cardboard lids fitted with 1/8 in hardware cloth screening. Lids were secured on the pots by placing a length of 2 x 4 lumber on top of and across the lined up pots. The bottom of the pots were covered with 4 layers of aluminum foil to prevent beetles from escaping through drain holes. Pots were emptied, the soil sifted and the number of living and dead beetles counted at 3-12 h intervals after beetle introduction. Sugarcane beetles used in the experiments were collected at blacklight traps and held in laboratory for 10-15 days prior to use in the experiment. The soil used in the experiments was a silt-sand, recent alluvial soil, obtained from the immediate bank of the Mississippi River.
Early Season Control of the Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn with Liquid Soil Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five liquid insecticides were evaluated for control of larvae of the southern corn rootworm in Louisiana. ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ field corn was planted on May 19 on the LSU St Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a CO2pressurized sprayer, mounted on a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter. Application was at 30 psi using a TeeJet #11004 nozzle. Sprays were delivered as 8-in bands over the open seed furrow and ahead of the press wheel. A drag chain behind the press wheel provided slight additional incorporation after closure of the seed furrow. Corn seeds were planted in the usual manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows spaced 36 in apart. Twenty-foot alleys separated each replication. Furadan 10G at 1.0 lb ai/acre and an untreated check were also included among the treatments. The performance of the insecticides was evaluated by counting the dead and dying and undamaged plants in 50 ft of row. Evaluation was conducted on Jun 7, 19 days post planting. The soil type at the test site is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil with moderate to poor drainage.
European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three granular insecticides were evaluated for the control of European corn borer in Bedford Co, VA, in conventionally tilled field corn (Pioneer 3147A). All treatments were applied with a Gandy granular applicator and were arranged in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in 12 ft x 50 ft plots (4 rows/plot, 32 in spacing). On Jul 15, 80 randomly selected stalks/treatment (20 stalks/plot, from 2 center rows) were split lengthwise, and the number of tunnels per plant was recorded.
Northern Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six granular insecticidal treatments were compared for efficacy in the control of Northern corn rootworm larvae in field corn (Trojan TB115). The test was conducted in a no-till field (rye cover) which had received no treatments of soil insecticides in the past. Corn had been planted continuously for 5 years in this field. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in 12 ft wide x 50 ft long plots (4 rows/plot, 30 in spacing). A Gandy granular applicator was used for in-furrow and banded placement of the products. On Jun 30, 40 root systems/treatment were dug from the ground (10 systems/plot x 4 replicates, from 2 center rows), washed of soil and visually rated using the 1-6 damage system (1 = no feeding damage and 6 = 3 or more root nodes pruned to 1.5 in of plant stem).
Control of Boll Weevil in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full-season study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling boll weevils in cotton. Plots were planted on May 22. All plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (.92 m/row) x 27.4 m long. Plots were separated by 4 rows of DeKalb ST-6 Sudax. The tall-growing grass was used to form a physical barrier around each plot and reduce inter-plot movement of boll weevils. Insecticides were applied by 1 of the following methods: (1) high volume (6.5 gal/acre) through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row in water, (2) low volume (1.4 gal/acre) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row in soybean oil, or (3) low volume (1.4 gal/acre) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row in water. Applications were made at weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on Jun 21 and 28, Jul 2, 6, 16, 17, 19, 22 and 27, Aug 3, 10, 13, 17 and 19. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression due to wet conditions on Aug 2, 16, 21 and 31 with 0.25 lb ai Guthion, and oversprayed for bollworm suppression on Aug 3 with 0.15 lb ai Ambush. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.06 m row length. Yield data were taken on Oct 26 and 27 by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot. Extremely wet conditions from ca mid Jul to mid Aug confounded test results. These rains washed off and prevented insecticide applications, allowing the boll weevil population to increase to extraordinary levels. After Jul 15 no significant differences were detected between treatments in percent of squares which were weevil punctured. For this reason, we do not consider yield data to be indicative of the efficacy of the insecticide treatments. For evaluation, we considered the percent boll weevil punctured squares on Jul 15 to be more indicative of boll weevil control. Seven treatments had significantly (P = 0.05) smaller percentage weevil squares punctured than the untreated check. Of these seven, 5 were insect growth regulators and 2 were chemical insecticides.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Spring Oats, 1982
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae in spring-planted oats. Insecticides were applied May 11 on ‘Noble’ oats located at the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block experimental design was employed with 3 replications. Individual plots were 6.1 x 7.4 m and spaced 0.92 m apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the oats with a CO2 compressed air sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 0.3 row-m. Yield estimates were obtained from 4.9 row-m samples collected from the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Phytotoxicity of Three Insecticides to Commercial Grain Sorghum Hybrids, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were tested on 50 commercially available sorghum hybrids for phytotoxic effects. Methyl parathion at 0.25, 0.75 and 1.5 lb ai/acre, Lorsban 4E at 0.25 lb ai/acre and EPN at 1.5 lb ai/acre were evaluated on the LSU Idlewild Agricultural Experiment Station, East Feliciana Parish, LA. Methyl parathion was examined due to the desire by Louisiana farmers to use this insecticide for southern green stink bug control in grain sorghum. A split plot design was used with sorghum hybrids arranged in randomized blocks with 4 replications and representing the whole plots. The insecticides and an untreated check were randomly arranged by replicate as strips across the whole plots. The sorghum was planted by hand on Jun 3. Insecticide treatments were applied on Aug 2. At the time of treatment, the hybrids ranged from the milk to dough stage of seed development. Insecticide sprays were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer, at 55 psi; through 4 TeeJet #8002E nozzles. Final spray volume per acre was 40 gal. The temperature, during the period of insecticide application, ranged from 90 to 98°F. Temperature was recorded 2.5 ft above the ground, between rows of sorghum 5 ft from the edge of the test plot. Relative humidity ranged from 85%, - 69% during the period of insecticide application. The maximum temperature recorded for the period of time between treatment and evaluation was 98°F. Rain (2.7 in) fell on the plots during this same period. An evaluation of phytotoxic effects was made on Aug 6. A scale of 0-5 was used to rate phytotoxicity with 5 representing severe leaf burn. A value of 0.12-0.50 was assigned to he untreated checks to account for non-insecticide related spotting on the leaves of the hybirds.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Seedcorn Maggot on Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Higley L.G. , Pedigo L.P. , Buntin G.D. , Ostlie K.R. , Funderburk J.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plot measuring 50 ft by 4 rows (30 in centers) were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Before planting, meat and bonemeal (3.0 1/50 row ft) were applied over the rows to enhance seedcorn maggot (SCM) oviposition. Plots were planted near Ames, Iowa, on May 9. This location received above normal rainfall in May (1.61 in) and early Jun. Damage evaluations of six 1-m sections of row per plot were taken on May 27 and included no. of plants, mean no. snakeheads (plants without plumules), and no. plants with scarred cotyledons. SCM emergence traps were placed in the 2 outer rows of each treatment on May 27. Traps were checked Jun 6 and 24 and removed Jun 24. Plot yields were taken on Sep 28 by harvesting and threshing 3 row-m per treatment.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Glabrous Soybean Isolines, 1980
Authors: Ostlie K.R. , Higgins R.H. , Pedigo L.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of 2 soil-incorporated, systemic insecticides against the potato leafhopper (PLH) was evaluated in 52 plots near Ames, IA. Soil type was a poorly drained, Colland clay loam. Plots, each measuring 8 m x 4 rows (76-cm centers), were planted on May 15. Granular insecticides were applied at planting by 2 methods (7 in surface band (B), in-furrow (IF)) to the glabrous (= susceptible) isoline. A 2-row buffer of the glabrous isoline surrounded each plot. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Emergence occurred on May 23. Stand county were taken 18 days postemergence to detect phytotoxic effects. Adults were sampled using a D-Vac vacuum insect sampler (1 ft2 cone) with 8 subsamples/pl ot at 18, 33, 49, and 66 days postemergence. Soybean development on these dates corresponded to the 2 trifoliolate, 5 trifoliolate, 9 trifoliolate, and midbloom stages respectively. Yield response was assessed on Oct 8 by harvesting 3 row-m/plot.
Control of Tobacco Budworms and Tomato Hornworms with Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki, 1981
Authors: Jackson D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki was tested against artificial infestations of tobacco budworms and natural infestations of tomato hornworms at Oxford, NC, in 2 separate tests. Tobacco was transplanted on May 18, in a sandy loam field that had previously been treated with Telone C-17 (10.5 gal/acre), Paarlan 2 pt/acre), and Ridomil 2E (2 pt/acre). Fertilizer (8-8-24) was applied at 500 lb/acre on May 27, and plants were sidedressed with 15-0-15 (100% nitrate) fertilizer at 167 lb/acre on Jun 8. Rows were 4 ft apart, and plants were spaced 22 in. Plants in Test 1 were artificially infested near the bud with one 1-day-old tobacco budworm larva/plant on Jun 12. Larvae were from an Oxford laboratory colony that had been started from field collections and cultured for ca 10 generations. Pior to release, larvae were fed on an artificial diet. On Jun 15, plants were examined for successful budworm establishments, and 40 plots of 20 infested plants each were marked in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks. Plots were treated on Jun 16. Sprays were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with an adjustable nozzle at a rate of 25 gal/acre with 60 psi. Measured amounts of baits were placed by hand into the tobacco buds. Plants were examined for insects 3, 7, and 10 days after spraying, and on day 10 they were subjectively rated from 0-7 for budworm damage. One week after Test 1, all plants were cut off near the ground and removed from the field. One sucker was allowed to grow per plant, and this new growth was used for Test 2. Plants were infested with budworms on Jul 27, and 45 plots of 15 plants each were marked off in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks on Jul 30. Treatments were made on Jul 31, and plants were checked 3 to 6 days later.
Flea Beetle and Aphid Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Jones G.A. , Smith E.T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco was transplanted May 25 in Maury silt loam soil at a spacing of 18 in between plants and 42 in between rows. Individual plots were 6 rows by 30 ft; plots were separated by skip rows. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 3 replications. All plots received 1500 lb/acre of 5-10-15, broadcast and incorporated 4 days prior to transplanting. Pebulate applied at 2.0 lb ai/acre pre-transplant provided weed control. Granular pesticides were applied with a Cyclone seeder and liquid pesticides were applied with a CO2 sprayer which had four 8003 fan nozzles calibrated to apply the material in water at a rate of 25 gal/acre. All pesticides were applied prior to transplanting and incorporated to a depth of 2 in with a disk harrow, except Vydate and Orthene which were used as a transplant water treatment.
Systemic Insecticides on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in plots, 40 (24 plants) x 12 ft (3 rows), arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times on May 19. Spacing was 4 ft between rows and 20 in between plants in the row. The soil was a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne fine sandy loam (pH 5.8, organic matter &lt; 2%). Pretransplant treatments were applied and incorporated on May 17. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer operated at 20 psi and delivering 30 gal of finished spray/acre using flat fan (8004) tips. A Gandy 901 applicator, mounted on a pushcart, was used to broadcast granules through a series of 10 in Ro-banders. Broadcast treatments were incorporated with a rotary tiller. In-row applications of Temik were delivered in a 12 in band using a single Ro-bander and followed immediately by bedding. Hand operated dusters were used to make sidedress applications of Di-Syston and Temik in 4 to 6 in bands at 3 (Jun 9) and 5 (Jun 23) wk after transplanting, respectively. The sidedress treatments were immediately incorporated by cultivation. Recommended practices were followed for weed control and fertilization and Ridomil was applied for disease control. Aphid densities were estimated for 2 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot every 1 to 2 wk during Jul and early Aug. On Aug 20, aphid damage was rated on a scale of 0 - 5, where 0 = no damage and 5 = very severe damage. A D-Vac sampler was used to sample flea beetle populations on the center row of each plot on Jun 3; and flea beetle feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants/plot on Jun 7. On Jun 28, 3 plants in the outside row of each plot were cut off at 6 in, the remaining leaves removed, loose soil brushed away from the base of the plants, and 20 (diameter) x 24 in (height) emergence cages were placed over the stubs and root systems. Flea beetles were counted and removed from the cages once or twice a week from Jun 30 to Jul 22. Hornworms and the number of leaves destroyed by hornworms were counted on the center row of each plot on Aug 11 and Jul 14, respectively. Tobacco was harvested at the appropriate time, cured and graded. Analysis of variance tests were conducted on the resulting insect counts, yields and values, and Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means. Green peach aphid counts were transformed to Log,n prior to analysis.
Cattle-Hypoderma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1982
Authors: Drummond R.O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Hereford-Angus-cross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar Co, TX, that are naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were detected to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test (Drummond, R.O., 1982, Insect. Acaric. Tests 7: 261-2). Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 liter/animal at &gt; 150 psi (usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)). In other tests, insecticides may be administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. Occasionally cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of dosages less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number in untreated cattle.
Apple, Comparison of Kelthane Formulations for Summer Mite Control, 1982
Authors: Meyer Ronald H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in the University of Illino is Plant Pathology orchard at Urbana. Handgun treatments were applied at 200 psi with 360 gpa under calm conditions. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 4 single-tree plots. Air blower sprays were applied to 1 or more rows at 100 gpa. Four trees were randomly selected for sampling from each treatment. 100-leaf samples were collected from each tree-plot, brushed and counted immediately in the field. The trees were mature on Clark dwarf rootstocks. Mites were almost all adults and egg to mite ratios were ca. 10 to 1 at time of treatments, making populations appear to drop slowly. Kelthane formulations and Plictran and application methods compared well in the results.
Ectrin Eartags and Ectiban Tailtags to Control Horn Flies and Face Flies on Beef Cattle, 1982
Authors: Vaughan J.A. , Turner E.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three small herds (ca 35 head) of mixed breed cattle were used to compare the efficacy of Ectrin eartags (8% AI) and Ectiban adhesive tailtags (93% AI; 1.0 g/tag) for the control of horn flies and face flies. Each cow in the first herd was treated by installing Ectrin eartags in both ears. Each cow in the second herd was treated with 1 adhesive Ectiban tailtag wrapped about a trimmed area on the tail just above the switch. The third herd was left untreated. Calves and bulls in the 3 herds were not treated. Herds were maintained on separate but adjacent pastures. To eliminate inaccuracy due to subjectivity, the same person performed all the counts and, prior to monitoring, this person attended a training session on the estimation of numbers. Fly monitoring was performed on a weekly basis for 15 wk (15 Jun - 28 Sep). Percent control for both treatments was determined by the formula: N(untreated) -N(treated)/N(untreated) x 100%, where ‘N’ is the average number of flies counted on 10 animals in the herd in question.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated against a variety of apple pests at Steeles Tavern. Four single-tree replicates per treatment were used, of the varieties Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman and York, in a randomized complete block design. Spray dates were: May 13, May 25, Jun 14, Jun 30, Jul 15 and Jul 26. Applications were made with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer with handgun attachment. Mites were evaluated on several dates using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per sample. STLM and WAA were evaluated by mines and colonies counted per 3-min period on Jul 21 and Aug 30, respectively. Twenty leaves per tree were inspected for WALH nymphs on Aug 30. Also on that date 20 terminal shoots were inspected for PLH damage, and trees were rated on a scale of 0-10 for JB damage.
Swine, Control of Hog Lice on Brood Sows, 1981-82
Authors: Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four tests were conducted in Virginia for the control of hog lice on brood sows with 8% Ectrin ear tags. All treated animals received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. Efficacy of treatments was ascertained by recording in weekly intervals for 1 mo the number of lice present on the entire body of each animal. An index was used to evaluate populations (0 = no lice; 1 = 1-25 lice; 2 = 25-50 lice; 3 = 50+ lice). All test herds were either confined individually in farrowing crates or kept in pens on the range. A comparative control groups was used in each test.