bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and characteristics of hospital‐acquired mucous membrane pressure injury: A five‐year analysis
Authors: Fulbrook Paul , Lovegrove Josephine , Butterworth Jacob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPressure injuries on mucous membranes are caused by pressure from medical devices at the site of injury and differ to those on the skin. Intensive care patients, who have multiple devices in situ, are particularly vulnerable. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding mucous membrane pressure injury (MMPI) incidence in acute hospital settings.AimTo analyse MMPI incidence and characteristics in a tertiary acute general hospital.MethodsA secondary data analysis of hospital clinical incident reports was conducted. The sample included all adults with MMPIs between 2015 and 2019. The STROBE reporting guideline was followed.ResultsThere were 414 reports of MMPI. Most (91.5%, n = 379) were hospital‐acquired with the majority found in intensive care patients (74.4%, n = 282). Hospital‐acquired MMPI incidence was 0.1% (11 MMPI per 10,000 hospital episodes). In intensive care, the incidence was 2.4% (235 MMPI per 10,000 intensive care episodes). The median time from device insertion until reporting of an MMPI was 3 days. The most common sites of mucosal injury were the lips (35.6%) and mouth (28.8%). In all cases except one, MMPI was associated with medical device use at the site of injury. Five device types were identified (oral endotracheal tube‐related 70.3%; urinary catheter 15.5%; gastric tube 8.3%; nasal prongs 3.5%; tracheostomy tube 2.4%). In intensive care, oral endotracheal tube‐related devices were most often associated with MMPI (84.8%), whereas in non‐intensive care MMPI it was the urinary catheter (51.4%).ConclusionsWhile hospital‐acquired MMPI incidence is relatively low, it is considerably higher in intensive care patients compared to those in non‐intensive care settings. The most common sites are the lips and mouth.Relevance to clinical practiceMucous membrane pressure injuries represent a significant proportion of all hospital‐acquired pressure injuries.Patient or public contributionNeither patients nor the public were directly involved in this project.
Engaging in narrative relations in everyday work on a geriatric ward: A qualitative study with healthcare professionals
Authors: Herulf Scholander Lisa , Boström Anne‐Marie , Josephsson Staffan , Vikström Sofia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore healthcare professionals' experiences and reflections about narration in their everyday work.BackgroundThe need for integrated and people‐centred healthcare for older adults has highlighted the relevance of narration in healthcare practice. Although theoretical foundations vary, different frameworks building on narration have been proposed for translating person‐centredness philosophies into practice. However, to understand how theoretical knowledge on narration can be adopted into clinical work, we need to learn how healthcare staff understand narration from their experiential knowledge and practice.DesignThe research process followed guidelines from Constructivist Grounded Theory as described by Charmaz. The study adheres to the COREQ guidelines.MethodsData collection entailed interprofessional focus groups discussions with healthcare staff (n = 31). Vignettes depicting realistic scenarios were used to encourage participants to reflect on clinical practice. Data were analysed via a constant comparative method.ResultsOne core theme arose from the analysis. The core theme showed how narration was a relational process that people engaged in to pursue and uphold several foundational qualities in healthcare practice presented in the following subthemes: preventing simplistic understandings of people and situations; supporting trustful relations; supporting continuity and coherence; and learning from coworkers. However, a minor theme raised awareness of narrative relations as a double‐edged sword.ConclusionsBy acknowledging the mutual and multifacetted nature of narration in everyday practice, this study shows how healthcare professionals' engagement in narrative relations may contribute to upholding several foundational qualities which resonate with philosophies of person‐centredness in everyday healthcare practice.Relevance to clinical practiceRecognition of both the advantages and possible risks embedded in narrative relations in healthcare practice emphasises the obligation to collectively reflect on the repercussions of narrative relations in any local context.Patient or public contributionHealthcare professionals contributed by sharing their experiential knowledge and reflections on narration in practice.
Excessive mechanical stress induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via osteoclasts‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Tian Yihong , Liu Meixi , He Zijing , Yan Xiao , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBone homeostasis is a dynamic process maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which may be regulated by excessive mechanical stress (EMS).ObjectivesOur study aimed to explore the relationship between osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and EMS‐activated osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in order to optimise orthodontic treatment.MethodsWe established the model of EMS in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, HE, Safranin‐O staining, micro‐CT, and immunofluorescence double‐labelling were utilised to assess the changes in condylar, the distributions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and MAPKs. In vitro, the effects of EMS‐activated osteoclast differentiation exerting on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were observed by Western Blot, qRT‐PCR and Alizarin Red staining. Furthermore, the role of MAPKs in this progress was explored by using inhibitors of MAPKs and co‐culture supernatants.ResultsIn vivo, EMS led to the degradation of condylar cartilage and destruction of subchondral bone, diagnosed as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were both enriched in subchondral bone, but osteoclast predominated. The expressions of p‐JNK, p‐ERK1/2, and p‐p38 were all activated in vitro and in vivo, which were localised mainly in the Trap+ area in subchondral bone. Interestingly, only the inactivation of p‐ERK1/2 in osteoclasts significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. This revealed that p‐ERK1/2 played a key role in the osteoclasts‐induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.ConclusionOur results proved that EMS led to TMJ OA, in which upregulated p‐ERK1/2 in osteoclasts was mechanosensitive and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
The experience of transitioning into life‐sustaining treatment: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sedin Annica , Isaksson Johan , Patel Harshida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeing informed about treatment options for kidney failure and included in the related decision‐making process can facilitate a smooth transition. Among patients with kidney failure the initiation of kidney failure replacement therapy is considered a traumatic event, causing physical and emotional distress and disrupting several aspects of one's social life. In order to ease the transition, health care personnel must ensure that the patient understands the parameters of each treatment option. It is imperative to increase the knowledge of patients' lived experiences around initiating kidney failure replacement therapy.ObjectivesTo explore how adults with kidney failure describe the lived experience of transitioning into life‐sustaining kidney failure replacement therapy.DesignA systematic review of qualitative literature.MethodsPrimary qualitative studies published in English between 2010 and 2020 from CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO were included. Content analysis summarised the patients' lived experience.FindingsFrom 959 records screened, 17 studies were eligible for inclusion. A total of 5 themes that described the patients' lived experience were identified: an existential transformative feeling, a change in quality of life, limitation, safety, and ambivalence.ConclusionBeing prepared and receiving emotional, physical, and social support can ease the transition for the patient. Among all available treatment options, dialysis and transplantation, the transition into kidney failure replacement therapy is experienced as a life‐changing event. With this knowledge, it is imperative to clarify the importance of providing a patient with adequate support during the transition.
The Impact of a High School‐Based Positive Youth Development Program on Sexual Health Outcomes: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Walsh Sarah , Jenner Eric , Qaragholi Noor , Henley Catherine , Demby Hilary , Leger Rebekah , Burgess Kelly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough positive youth development (PYD) programs have demonstrated effectiveness in improving adolescent reproductive health outcomes, there is a lack of evidence on effective school‐based interventions designed especially for high school settings. This study examined the efficacy of Peer Group Connection (PGC‐HS), a school‐based PYD program, in improving sexual health outcomes for high school participants.METHODSA total of 1523 ninth‐grade students at 18 schools were randomly assigned to be offered PGC‐HS or a classes‐as‐usual control condition during 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 school years. Impacts were assessed on three confirmatory and 6 exploratory outcomes via self‐reported participant questionnaire data collected at the beginning of 10th grade.RESULTSAlthough the offer of PGC‐HS had no statistically detectable effect on confirmatory behavioral outcomes (sexual initiation, frequency of sex, and number of sexual partners) at 10th grade follow‐up, causal impact estimates indicate that PGC‐HS participants were less likely than control participants to ever have had vaginal sex. PGC‐HS participants also scored higher on decision‐making skills and perceived connection to peer connectedness.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that by building social and emotional skills and helping students form supportive peer relationships, PGC‐HS may encourage students to make healthier choices and avoid risky behaviors during a critical period in high school, thus, reducing the risk of pregnancy.
Impact of panelist's age on the ease of swallow and sensory perception of texture‐modified broccoli purees
Authors: Mihnea Mihaela , Tobin Aarti B. , Lopez‐Sanchez Patricia , Garrido‐Bañuelos Gonzalo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSwallowing disorders affect approximately 8% of the global population. It is more prevalent in the elderly, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. Different strategies have been investigated to design new texture‐modified food products that would reduce or mitigate the suffering from these swallowing disorders. Despite the recent interest and research in this area, there are, however, still a lot of unknowns regarding the specific sensory insights by this targeted group. The aim of this work was to understand if the ease of swallow and related sensory characteristics are perceived differently by “young” and “elderly” healthy individuals. Broccoli purees with different textural properties were created by changing the fluid component (water or xanthan solution) or processing conditions. Samples were evaluated by an elderly panel (n = 19, average age = 68.9 years) and a young panel (n = 16, average age = 25.4 years). Multivariate data analysis strategies were used to understand the intrapanel sample discrimination and to compare between panels. Results showed a similar overall discrimination between samples between young and elderly panels. The use of xanthan improved the ease of swallow in both age groups. In the absence of xanthan gum, processing conditions determined the ease of swallow, which was related to the particle size distribution. Nevertheless, small differences were found between panels. For example, the elderly panel was more sensitive when discriminating samples based on the ease of swallow (p = .005). Therefore, panelist age seems to be relevant when designing tailored foods enhancing the ease of swallow for the elderly populations.Practical ApplicationsThe present study highlights new insights on the relevance of age and sensory capabilities when designing new texture‐modified food products. It also provides new insights regarding the key sensory attributes to consider and how these are affected by the type of food processing.
Post‐operative steroids in boys with histologically proven balanitis xerotica obliterans reduce the need for subsequent meatal dilatation
Authors: ElAgami Hesham , Naqvi Sheryer , Murphy Feilim 
Published: August 2022

AimPost‐circumcision topical steroids may reduce the number of patients with balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) who require subsequent meatal dilatation. However, their use has only been investigated in the presence of an abnormal urethral meatus. The aim of this study is to determine if post‐operative topical steroids reduce the need for subsequent meatal dilatation in patients with histologically proven BXO independent of the appearance of the urethral meatus. To determine if post‐operative topical steroids reduce the need for subsequent meatal procedures in patients with histologically proven BXO. To determine if the appearance of the meatus at circumcision affects the need for subsequent meatal procedure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all paediatric patients with histologically confirmed BXO post circumcision. We excluded all those with ‘chronic inflammation’ or ‘early BXO’. Patients were divided into groups based on whether post‐operative topical steroids were prescribed. The appearance of the urethral meatus at circumcision was recorded. Primary outcome was progression to subsequent meatal dilatation. Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher's exact test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients with histologically confirmed BXO were identified between October 2012 and December 2017. Fifty‐nine patients were prescribed post‐operative topical steroids (50%). Nine patients required subsequent meatal dilatation procedure (8%) and only one of these had been prescribed post‐operative topical steroids (P = 0.0165).Abnormal meatus was noted in 24 (21%) patients. Three patients in this group required subsequent meatal dilatation compared with 6 in the group with a normal meatal appearance (P = 0.385).ConclusionsPost‐operative topical steroids can reduce the need for subsequent meatal dilatation in boys with BXO. The appearance of the urethral meatus at circumcision does not predict the need for subsequent meatal dilatation.
Relationship between hearing, cognitive function, and quality of life in aging companion dogs
Authors: Fefer Gilad , Khan Michael Z. , Panek Wojciech K. , Case Beth , Gruen Margaret E. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundElderly people with presbycusis are at higher risk for dementia and depression than the general population. There is no information regarding consequences of presbycusis in dogs.ObjectiveEvaluate the relationship between cognitive function, quality of life, and hearing loss in aging companion dogs.AnimalsThirty‐nine elderly companion dogs.MethodsProspective study. Hearing was evaluated using brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing. Dogs were grouped by hearing ability. Owners completed the canine dementia scale (CADES) and canine owner‐reported quality of life (CORQ) questionnaire. Cognitive testing was performed, and cognitive testing outcomes, CADES and CORQ scores and age were compared between hearing groups.ResultsNineteen dogs could hear at 50 dB, 12 at 70 dB, and 8 at 90 dB with mean ages (months) of 141 ± 14, 160 ± 16, and 172 ± 15 for each group respectively (P = .0002). Vitality and companionship CORQ scores were significantly lower as hearing deteriorated (6.6‐5.4, 50‐90 dB group,P = .03 and 6.9‐6.2, 50‐90 dB group,P = .02, respectively). Cognitive classification by CADES was abnormal in all 90 dB group dogs and normal in 3/12 70 dB group and 11/19 50 dB group dogs (P = .0004). Performance on inhibitory control, detour and sustained gaze tasks decreased significantly with hearing loss (P = .001,P = .008,P = .002, respectively). In multivariate analysis, higher CADES score was associated with worse hearing (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePresbycusis negatively alters owner‐pet interactions and is associated with poor executive performance and owner‐assessed dementia severity.
Efficacy and safety of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets 25 and 50 μg in male patients with nocturia: A Japanese real‐world multicenter clinical study
Authors: Kyoda Yuki , Kimura Makoto , Shimizu Takashi , Miyao Noriomi , Ogasawara Takuto , Shimizu Toshiaki , Iwasawa Akihiko , Yorozuya Wakako , Hashimoto Jiro , Ichihara Koji , Takei Fumiyasu , Uchida Kosuke , Kouzen Nodoka , Suzuki Noriyoshi , Tachikawa Kimihito , Shibuya Akihiko , Muranaka Ippei , Okada Manabu , Igarashi Manabu , Shibamori Kosuke , Nofuji Seisuke , Fujino Keiko , Toyota Tomohiro , Ito Yu , Shinkai Nobuo , Hashimoto Kohei , Kobayashi Ko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify Japanese real‐world clinical data on the use of desmopressin 25 and 50 μg orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) for male patients with nocturia and evaluate the predictive factors to improve nighttime frequency.MethodsWe retrospectively accumulated real‐world clinical data from 27 institutions in Japan. Male patients with two or more episodes of nocturia who received desmopressin ODT for nocturnal polyuria (NP) from 2019 through 2021 were included. The primary endpoint was the change of nighttime frequency until 3 months after desmopressin administration. The secondary endpoints were to clarify the persistence rate, adverse events, and predictive factors of decreasing nighttime frequency.ResultsA total of 118 patients were eligible to participate in this study. The persistence rate of desmopressin on the Kaplan‐Meier curve at week 12 was 51.3. The reason for discontinuation was mainly the occurrence of adverse events in 67 patients (56.8%), particularly hyponatremia in 7 patients (5.9%). Nighttime frequencies at baseline, ‐ 1 month and 1 ‐ 3 months after desmopressin administration were 4.1 ± 1.3, 2.9 ± 1.4 (P < .01), and 2.6 ± 1.3 (P < .01), respectively. The mean nighttime urine volume voided at baseline was significantly larger in patients whose nighttime frequency decreased by two or more times than in those with a decrease of less than two times.ConclusionsDesmopressin 25 and 50 μg ODT treatments are feasible for male patients with NP in Japanese real‐world clinical practice. Patients with higher voided volumes, particularly in the nighttime, may have great benefit from desmopressin.
Roles of RodZ and class A PBP1b in the assembly and regulation of the peripheral peptidoglycan elongasome in ovoid‐shaped cells of Streptococcus pneumoniaeD39
Authors: Lamanna Melissa M. , Manzoor Irfan , Joseph Merrin , Ye Ziyun A. , Benedet Mattia , Zanardi Alessia , Ren Zhongqing , Wang Xindan , Massidda Orietta , Tsui Ho‐Ching T. , Winkler Malcolm E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRodZ of rod‐shaped bacteria functions to link MreB filaments to the Rod peptidoglycan (PG) synthase complex that moves circumferentially perpendicular to the long cell axis, creating hoop‐like sidewall PG. Ovoid‐shaped bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus; Spn) that lack MreB, use a different modality for peripheral PG elongation that emanates from the midcell of dividing cells. Yet, S. pneumoniae encodes a RodZ homolog similar to RodZ in rod‐shaped bacteria. We show here that the helix‐turn‐helix and transmembrane domains of RodZ(Spn) are essential for growth at 37°C. ΔrodZ mutations are suppressed by Δpbp1a, mpgA(Y488D), and ΔkhpA mutations that suppress ΔmreC, but not ΔcozE. Consistent with a role in PG elongation, RodZ(Spn) co‐localizes with MreC and aPBP1a throughout the cell cycle and forms complexes and interacts with PG elongasome proteins and regulators. Depletion of RodZ(Spn) results in aberrantly shaped, non‐growing cells and mislocalization of elongasome proteins MreC, PBP2b, and RodA. Moreover, Tn‐seq reveals that RodZ(Spn), but not MreCD(Spn), displays a specific synthetic‐viable genetic relationship with aPBP1b, whose function is unknown. We conclude that RodZ(Spn) acts as a scaffolding protein required for elongasome assembly and function and that aPBP1b, like aPBP1a, plays a role in elongasome regulation and possibly peripheral PG synthesis.
Genetic analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena) hybrids for high‐rainfall areas utilizing diverse germplasm with respect to fruit shape and colour
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Katoch Viveka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present study, 20 F1 cross combinations developed through diallel mating design utilizing five diverse parents, namely, Res‐1, Res‐2, Hisar Shyamal, Arka Nidhi, and Arka Keshav, with respect to shape and colour of the fruits were evaluated to derive information on combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits in eggplant. Parents Res‐2, Hisar Shyamal, and Arka Nidhi were recognized as good general combiners for most of the horticultural traits. Cross combinations, namely, Res‐2 × Arka Nidhi, Hisar Shyamal × Res‐1, and Arka Nidhi × Hisar Shyamal, recorded high SCA values for fruit yield and related traits. Cross combinations Res‐2 × Arka Nidhi, Arka Nidhi × Hisar Shyamal, Hisar Shyamal × Res‐1, and Res‐2 × Res‐1 were found to be superior based on estimates of heterosis for fruit yield. Heterosis was positively correlated with SCA, the sum of the parental GCA indicating more effective predictions of the performance of various cross combinations. These unique cross combinations, Res‐2 × Res‐1 (medium–long shape and mixed colour), Res‐2 × Arka Nidhi (long and purple), Hisar Shyamal × Res‐1 (round and purple), and Arka Nidhi × Hisar Shyamal (oblong and purple), were found to be superior based on specific combining ability and heterosis for most of the horticultural traits. Therefore, these can be utilized for fixing genes in subsequent generations to increase the chance of recovering desirable transgressive segregants with improved traits for high rainfall areas in eggplant for better economic returns.
Unfeigning the delusion: Antinatalism and the end of suffering
Authors: Zandbergen Robbert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article I explore the antinatalist view according to which it would be better if humans were to stop reproducing in order to contribute to the non‐violent and voluntary extinction of the species as a whole. Not only is reproduction morally problematic in an already vastly overpopulated world, it is held that the human predicament can only be solved by slowly, but surely removing human presence altogether. Radical as this might sound, it must be noted that, far from a villainous distaste of human life and happiness, this view emerges from a careful consideration of the vicissitudes of ordinary human existence. In spite of innumerous earlier attempts, suffering cannot be blotted out in life. What is called for, then, is something more conclusive: we can only remove suffering when we get rid of that which suffers. Any other attempt at solving the human predicament ultimately represents a merely cosmetic approach to problem‐solving and the eradication of suffering.
COSMIC FINE‐TUNING, THE MULTIVERSE HYPOTHESIS, AND THE INVERSE GAMBLER'S FALLACY
Authors: Manson Neil A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multiverse hypothesis is one of the leading proposed explanations of cosmic fine‐tuning for life. One common objection to the multiverse hypothesis is that, even if it were true, it would not explain why this universe, our universe, is fine‐tuned for life. To think it would so explain is allegedly to commit “the inverse gambler's fallacy.” This paper presents what the inverse gambler's fallacy is supposed to be, then surveys the discussion of it in the philosophical literature of the last 35 years.