bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تحديات التعليم الرقمي للغة العربية بالجامعات الماليزية في زمن جائحة فيروس كورونا
Authors: Ashwaq Mohammad Salleh Kenali  , Hanan Salleh  , Manal Jusoh  , Nawal Abdullah  
Published: January 2022

The goal of the study was to determine the challenges that Arabic language lecturers in Malaysian universities face when teaching Arabic to non-native speakers using digital education during the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as the extent of the effectiveness of digital education in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic-speaking students, and what challenges they face. In order to suit the nature of the research and its objectives, the researchers resorted to employing the descriptive approach based on the identified problem of the study. The current study aims to define and analyze the digital education situations for teaching Arabic in Malaysian universities. The data was obtained utilizing an interview method to access the intended metadata, and it was conducted with (6) lecturers from various Malaysian universities that used digital education to teach Arabic to non-native speakers during their home isolation. The NVIVO program was also used to evaluate the interview data in order to determine the issues they confront. According to the findings of the study, the use of digital education in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers has encountered numerous challenges in asynchronous education, educational platforms, fees and costs, updating information, cooperative learning, scalability, awareness, low adoption rate, communication problem, digital illiteracy, electronic content, participation and interaction during the lesson. According to the findings, it is critical to keep up with the changes and use technology and digital in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The challenges of digital education that the Arabic language faces today in terms of teaching the language to non-Arabic speakers is a reality that everyone faces in all modern and emerging aspects that leave an effective imprint in the future.
Niveles de resiliencia emocional y el aprendizaje virtual, en los estudiantes de la carrera de turismo - UTB
Authors: Rivera García Christian , Cáneppa Cecilia , Guijarro Victoria , Izurieta Maricela 
Published: January 2022

Resistance, support and adaptability are the basis of the resilience that allows for activities with a high stress discharge in university learning processes. In higher education, resilience is a significant ability for gradual emotional change and transformation, which allows to expand the possibilities of the human being in the face of different difficult contextual realities. The objective of this research was to identify levels of emotional resilience to improve virtual learning in academic undergraduate vocational training activities. As a scenario for the application of this research, it was considered to carry out types of research such as: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory and correlational, using methods of analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive, ethnographic, and critical partner in application of a questionnaire to conduct the survey of students from Tourism Career of the UTB in support of the survey applied to 203 participants were obtained as results that the group surveyed shows an average capacity of resilience, with emotional difficulties to face unexpected actions in their family and university life, in the field of virtual learning students have developed new strategies to learn from an investigative order, improving their expertise in the use of technological tools, participants have developed synchronous activities creating new experiences, and emotional strengths, individual and group, these results demonstrate an interest in the acquisition of social and academic links, technology allows to regenerate the intuitive spirit of cutting-edge students in problem solving and decision making processes.
Role of Acetaldehyde in Ethanol Reversal of Tolerance to Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression in Mice
Authors: Hill Rob , Conibear Alexandra , Dewey William , Kelly Eamonn , Henderson Graeme 
Published: January 2022

Background:Opioid users regularly consume other drugs such as alcohol (ethanol). Acute administration of ethanol rapidly reverses tolerance to morphine-induced respiratory depression. However, recent research has suggested that the primary metabolite of ethanol, acetaldehyde, may play a key role in mediating the CNS effects seen after ethanol consumption. This research investigated the role of acetaldehyde in ethanol reversal of tolerance to morphine-induced respiratory depression.Methods:Tolerance was induced in mice by 6-days implantation of a 75 mg morphine pellet with control mice implanted with a placebo pellet. Tolerance was assessed by acute morphine administration on day 6 and respiration measured by plethysmography. Levels of acetaldehyde were inhibited or enhanced by pre-treatments with the acetaldehyde chelator D-penicillamine and the inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase disulfiram respectively.Results:Morphine pellet implanted mice displayed tolerance to an acute dose of morphine compared to placebo pellet implanted controls. Acute acetaldehyde administration dose-dependently reversed tolerance to morphine respiratory depression. As previously demonstrated, ethanol reversed morphine tolerance, and this was inhibited by D-penicillamine pre-treatment. An acute, low dose of ethanol that did not significantly reverse morphine tolerance was able to do so following disulfiram pre-treatment.Conclusion:These data suggest that acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, is responsible for the reversal of morphine tolerance observed following ethanol administration.
Mucus Hypersecretion and Ciliary Impairment in Conducting Airway Contribute to Alveolar Mucus Plugging in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Peng Yang , Wang Zhao-Ni , Xu Ai-Ru , Fang Zhang-Fu , Chen Shi-Ying , Hou Xiao-Tao , Zhou Zi-Qing , Lin Hui-Min , Xie Jia-Xing , Tang Xiao Xiao , Wang De-Yun , Zhong Nan-Shan 
Published: January 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease attributed to the complex interplay of genetic and environmental risks. The muco-ciliary clearance (MCC) system plays a critical role in maintaining the conduit for air to and from the alveoli, but it remains poorly understood whether the MCC abnormalities in conducting airway are involved in IPF pathogenesis. In this study, we obtained the surgically resected bronchi and peripheral lung tissues from 31 IPF patients and 39 control subjects, and we sought to explore the morphologic characteristics of MCC in conducting airway by using immunostaining and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the submucosal regions of the bronchi, we found that the areas of mucus glands (MUC5B+) were significantly larger in IPF patients as compared with control subjects (p &lt; 0.05). In the surface epithelium of three airway regions (bronchi, proximal bronchioles, and distal bronchioles), increased MUC5B and MUC5AC expression of secretory cells, decreased number of ciliated cells, and increased ciliary length were observed in IPF patients than control subjects (all p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of MUC5B were up-regulated in both the bronchi and peripheral lung of IPF patients than those of control subjects (p &lt; 0.05), accompanied with 93.55% IPF subjects who had obvious MUC5B+ mucus plugs in alveolar regions. No MUC5B rs35705950 single-nucleotide polymorphism allele was detected in both IPF patients and control subjects. Our study shows that mucus hypersecretion and ciliary impairment in conducting airway are major causes of mucus plugs in alveolar regions and may be closely related to the alveolar injuries in IPF patients.
Seeding Chiral Ensembles of Prolinated Porphyrin Derivatives on Glass Surface: Simple and Rapid Access to Chiral Porphyrin Films
Authors: Magna Gabriele , Traini Tanja , Naitana Mario Luigi , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Domenici Fabio , Paradossi Gaio , Venanzi Mariano , Di Natale Corrado , Paolesse Roberto , Monti Donato , Stefanelli Manuela 
Published: January 2022

An easy and fast method to achieve chiral porphyrin films on glass is herein reported. The on-surface formation of organized supramolecular architectures with distinctive and remarkable chiroptical features strictly depends on the macrocycles used, the solvent chosen for the casting deposition, and most importantly, on the roughness of the glass slide. Dynamic light scattering studies performed on 10−4–10−6 M porphyrin solutions revealed the presence of small porphyrin aggregates, whose size and number increase depending on the initial concentration. Once transferred on surface, these protoaggregates act as nucleation seeds for the following, self-assembling into larger structures upon solvent evaporation, with a process driven by a fine balance between intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions. The described method represents a straightforward way to fabricate porphyrin-based chiral surfaces onto a transparent and economic substrate in few minutes. The results obtained can be particularly promising for the development of sensors based on stereoselective optical active films, targeting the detection of chiral analytes of practical relevance, such as the so-called emerging pollutants released in the environment from agrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
The P4 Study: Postpartum Maternal and Infant Faecal Microbiome 6 Months After Hypertensive Versus Normotensive Pregnancy
Authors: Susic Daniella Frances , Wang Leanne , Roberts Lynne Margaret , Bai Michelle , Gia Andrew , McGovern Emily , Jiang Xiao-Tao , Davis Gregory K. , El-Omar Emad , Henry Amanda 
Published: January 2022

Objective/HypothesisTo explore potential differences in faecal microbiome between women, and their infants, who had normotensive pregnancies (NP) and those who had a hypertensive pregnancy (HP), either gestational hypertension (GH) or preeclampsia (PE).MethodsThis is a sub study of P4 (Postpartum Physiology, Psychology, and Paediatrics Study) and includes 18 mother-infant pairs: 10 NP and 8 HP (HP as defined by blood pressure &gt; 140/90mmHg; of which 6 had PE, and 2 GH), six months postpartum. The participating mothers collected stool samples from themselves and their infants. 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons were used to study the faecal microbiome.ResultsThe sample of women and their infants were mostly primiparous (n =16) with vaginal birth (n = 14). At the time of faecal sampling 8 women were using hormonal contraception, and one HP woman remained on an antihypertensive. All women had blood pressure &lt; 130/80mmHg, and 10 had high BMI (&gt; 30). All infants had started solids, 8 were exclusively breastfed, 1 exclusively formula fed and 9 both. Three infants had been exposed to a course of antibiotics. Six months postpartum, there were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity between the gut microbiota of HP and NP women (P &gt; 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was detected in alpha diversity between infants following HP and NP, with lower diversity levels in HP infants (P &lt; 0.05). It was also found that at a genus and species level, the gut microbiota of HP women was enriched with Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium sp. and depleted in Barnesiella and Barnesiella intestinihominis when compared to NP women (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the gut microbiota of infants born from HP was enriched in Streptococcus infantis and depleted in Sutterella, Sutterella sp., Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium aldenense compared to infants born from NP (P &lt; 0.05).DiscussionWhile our findings are at best preliminary, due to the very small sample size, they do suggest that the presence of hypertension in pregnancy may adversely affect the maternal microbiota postpartum, and that of their infants. Further analysis of postpartum microbiome data from future studies will be important to validate these early findings and provide further evidence about the changes in the microbiota in the offspring of women following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including possible links to the causes of long-term cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of which is increased in women who have experienced HDP.
Can Non-invasive Ventilation Modulate Cerebral, Respiratory, and Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation During High-Intensity Exercise in Patients With COPD-HF?
Authors: Goulart Cássia da Luz , Caruso Flávia Rossi , de Araújo Adriana Sanches Garcia , Moura Sílvia Cristina Garcia de , Catai Aparecida Maria , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey 
Published: January 2022

AimTo evaluate the effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on (1) metabolic, ventilatory, and hemodynamic responses; and (2) cerebral (Cox), respiratory, and peripheral oxygenation when compared with SHAM ventilation during the high-intensity exercise in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF).Methods and ResultsOn separate days, patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing and two constant-work rate tests receiving NIPPV or controlled ventilation (SHAM) (the bilevel mode—Astral 150) in random order until the limit of tolerance (Tlim). During exercise, oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb+Mb) and deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb+Mb) were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (Oxymon, Artinis Medical Systems, Einsteinweg, The Netherlands). NIPPV associated with high-intensity exercise caused a significant increase in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen consumption (V·O2 in mlO2·kg−1·min−1), minute ventilation peak (V·E in ml/min), peak peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2, %), and lactate/tlim (mmol/s) when compared with SHAM ventilation. In cerebral, respiratory, and peripheral muscles, NIPPV resulted in a lower drop in OxyHb+Mb (p &lt; 0.05) and an improved deoxygenation response DeoxyHb+Mb (p &lt; 0.05) from the half of the test (60% of Tlim) when compared with SHAM ventilation.ConclusionNon-invasive positive pressure ventilation during constant work-rate exercise led to providing the respiratory muscle unloading with greater oxygen supply to the peripheral muscles, reducing muscle fatigue, and sustaining longer exercise time in patients with COPD-HF.
Impact of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch on Hemodynamics During Exercise in Patients With Aortic Stenosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With a Balloon-Expandable Valve
Authors: Kameshima Haruka , Izumo Masaki , Suzuki Tomomi , Ohara Hiroshi , Sato Yukio , Watanabe Mika , Kuwata Shingo , Okuyama Kazuaki , Kamijima Ryo , Takai Manabu , Kou Seisyou , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Harada Tomoo , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThere is no evidence of hemodynamic performance during exercise in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study aimed to investigate the changes in kinematic hemodynamics during exercise and determine the impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) on the hemodynamics of transcatheter heart valves using exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in AS patients after TAVI.Methods and ResultsThis study enrolled 77 consecutive patients (mean age 82 ± 5 years, 50.6% male) who underwent ESE 3–6 months after TAVI with a balloon-expandable valve. The effective orifice area index at rest was significantly correlated with the mean pressure gradient (PG) during exercise (p &lt;0.001). The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of PPM (PPM and non-PPM groups). During exercise, the patients with PPM had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (74.6 ± 6.1% vs. 69.7 ± 9.6%, p = 0.048), a lower stroke volume index (47.2 ± 14.0 ml/m2 vs. 55.6 ± 14.5 ml/m2, p = 0.037), a significantly higher mean transvalvular PG (21.9 ± 9.1 mmHg vs. 12.2 ± 4.9 mmHg, p = 0.01) and an increased mean PG from rest to exercise (5.7 ± 3.5 mmHg vs. 2.3 ± 2.8 mmHg, p &lt;0.001) compared with patients without PPM. Patients with PPM had a higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (SPAP) during exercise (57.3 ± 13.8 mmHg vs. 49.7 ± 10.9 mmHg, p = 0.021) and a higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (43.8 vs. 15.0%, p = 0.037) than patients without PPM. PPM was strongly associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (hazard ratio: 3.570, p = 0.013).ConclusionsAS patients with PPM after TAVI showed a disproportionate increase in the transvalvular PG and SPAP during exercise, and PPM was associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Alpelisib-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Case Report, Pharmacodynamics and Management Considerations
Authors: Pla Peris Begoña , Arranz Martin Alfonso , Ballesteros García Anabel , Sebastián-Valles Fernando , Marazuela Azpiroz Monica 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAlpelisib is an orally selective PI3K alpha inhibitor recently available for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PI3K pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway that plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is the most common adverse event associated.MethodsWe describe the case of a severe hyperglycemia associated with alpelisib treatment in a patient with metastatic breast cancer and previously near-normal glycemia. We analyze the clinical presentation, PI3K inhibitor pharmacodynamic aspects, its influence in glycemic control and the required treatment approach.ResultsAn important impairment of glycemic control was observed after initiation of alpelisib. In addition to insulin sensitizers drugs, intensive insulin regimen was necessary. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) information has been helpful in understanding the pharmacodynamic aspects of alpelisib and insulin titration. Development of hyperglycemia is fast, already observed 24 hours after initiation of therapy. FGM shows severe and persistent hyperglycemia during most of the day, with a significant downward effect in the 4 hours after each daily intake, which evidences the strong but transitory effect of the drug enzyme blockade. C-peptide level is remarkable in accordance with drug pharmacodynamics, consistent with a significant insulin resistance.ConclusionsGlucose monitoring should always be performed in patients treated with alpelisib, especially in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. It is crucial to anticipate in these patients. Any delay can lead to a worsening in metabolic control resulting in the discontinuation or reduction of alpelisib, which would lead to a decrease in its effectiveness, and consequently would deny patients an effective treatment with an impact on survival.
Safety of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Cancers: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Wu Yongfeng , Xu Yuedan , Qiu Yuan , Li Xiaobo , Song Yumeng , Zhang Ling 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNeoadjuvant immunotherapy has preliminarily been effective in multiple resectable cancers. However, its safety is still largely unknown.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 28th, 2021. Pooled incidence and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events were calculated using the R software.ResultsTwenty-eight studies involving 2863 patients were included. First, the incidence for all-grade treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) was 94% (95% CI, 81%-98%), with 43% (95% CI, 24%-64%) for high-grade trAEs. For different treatment groups, neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of all-grade [99% (95% CI, 98%-99%) vs. 76% (95% CI 47%-92%); P &lt; 0.001] and high-grade [80% (58%-92%) vs. 15% (9%-24%); P &lt; 0.001] trAEs compared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone. The most common high-grade trAEs were lipase increased (5%; 95% CI, 2%-10%), colitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) and transaminitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs, and neutropenia (53%; 95% CI, 31%-74%), anemia (8%; 95% CI, 3%-15%) and AST increased (4%; 95% CI, 2%-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy. Furthermore, the incidence rates of progressive disease while on treatment, treatment-related surgical delays and deaths were 6% (95% CI, 4%-10%), 3.2% (12 of 377 patients) and 0.47% (5 of 1075 patients), respectively.ConclusionCompared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone, neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy had a higher incidence of trAEs. In addition, neoadjuvant immunotherapy had a low rate of progressive diseases, surgical delays and deaths.
Knowledge Mapping of Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Shen Jianming , Shen Hui , Ke Lixin , Chen Jialin , Dang Xi , Liu Baoxian , Hua Yunpeng 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and many patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. The treatment of advanced liver cancer has made significant strides in recent years, owing to the practice of immunotherapy drugs. Numerous studies have been published on immunotherapy for HCC; however, no relevant bibliometric study has been published. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the current situation and to identify potential new research directions by conducting a bibliometric analysis on immunotherapy for HCC.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for articles related to immunotherapy for HCC. Three software (VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and python) were primarily used to assess the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of various countries/regions, institutes, journals, and, authors as well as to identify research hotspots and promising future trends in this research field.ResultsA total of 1,641 English articles published between 2011 and 2020 were collected, with the number of articles increasing nearly every year. The majority of publications originated from China (n = 893, 54.42%), followed by the United States and Japan. The Sun Yat-sen University contributed the most publications (n = 97, 5.91%). Nakatsura Tetsuya (n = 26) and Llovet JM (n = 366) were ranked first in the top ten authors and co-cited authors. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy was the most productive academic journal on immunotherapy for HCC [n = 46, 2.80%; impact factor (IF) 2020 = 6.9679]. Aggregation and identification of critical nodes in the co-cited network demonstrated a shift in the field of HCC immunotherapy. Initially, the hotspots were predominantly “glypican-3”, “cytokine-induced killer cells”, and “ny-eso-1”, while the emphasis has shifted in recent years to “landscape”, “camrelizumab”, “combination therapy”, and “immune score”.ConclusionIncreased attention has been paid to HCC with the advancement of immunotherapy. At the moment, the most active frontiers are focused on better understanding the immunological landscape of liver cancer, screening the population that can benefit from immunotherapy, and the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly in combination with other therapeutic options (such as local therapy and targeted therapy).