bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Biomimetic Microstructured Surfaces for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Jia Lianghao , Jiang Jinrui , Xiang Tao , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCreatures in nature have evolved fascinating functions in the natural selection of superiority and inferiority to adapt to complex and harsh survival environments. Some special and excellent functions have been found to originate from the multilayered physical microstructure and chemical composition of biological surfaces, providing humans with a wide range of bionic references and inspirations. Inspired by the biological surfaces, numerous novel functional materials have sprung up to achieve unexpected results by mimicking the physical and chemical structures. Herein, some typical applications for healthcare advances of various biomimetic microstructured surfaces including sensors, adhesives, and superhydrophobic surfaces are reviewed, which are associated with the working mechanism around biological surfaces. The techniques and methods to fabricate biomimetic microstructured surfaces are also reviewed. The future challenges and opportunities for biomimetic microstructures are presented.
Helical Stacking Assembly of Orderly Silicon Nanowire Multilayers for Ultrastrong Dissymmetrical Amplification of Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Dong Tai‐Ge , Wu Zheng‐Guang , Li Fang‐Ling , Wang Jun‐Zhuan , Zheng You‐Xuan , Yu Lin‐Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) are ideal candidates to explore novel applications such as 3D displays, optical storage, and quantum computing. However, the low dissymmetry (g) factor of most chiral organic materials remains as a major challenge for practical applications. In this work, a helical stacking assembly of orderly silicon nanowires (hs‐SiNWs) into a flexible multilayer 3D superstructure is demonstrated to accomplish a strong chiroptical activity. These orderly SiNWs are batch‐fabricated via a low temperature in‐plane solid–liquid–solid growth mechanism, with precisely‐controlled spatial arrangement and mean diameter and length of Dnw = 126 ± 24 nm and Lnw > 100 µm, respectively. To construct such helically‐stacked superstructure, the SiNW arrays are transferred and stacked upon transparent glass or flexible polymer substrates, with incremental rotational angle for each layer, which can strongly augment the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) from conventional CP‐OLEDs. Strikingly, the dissymmetry factor increases with more stacking layer up to g = ±0.17, which is more than 40 times of magnitude higher than that of the original CPEL, among the highest ones reported for CP‐OLEDs. These results indicate a promising helical‐stacking avenue to boost the chiroptical performance of various CP‐OLEDs for scalable and flexible chiroptical applications.
Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lu Yaru , Wu Wenbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for cancer treatment owing to its high spatiotemporal precision and minimally invasive properties. The efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by photosensitizers (PSs) directly affects PDT efficacy. Conjugated polymers (CPs) exhibit excellent light‐harvesting capabilities and effective intra‐ and intermolecular energy transfer between CPs and traditional PSs by the “molecular wire effect,” leading to a significant improvement in ROS generation efficiency when PSs are carefully paired with suitable CPs as energy donors. The recently proposed “polymerization‐enhanced photosensitization effect” further reveals that donor–acceptor type CPs can directly function as high‐performance PSs. Recently, two‐photon excitation and chemiluminescence excitation technologies are employed to enhance the penetration depth, a common challenge in phototherapy of CP‐based PDT systems. Furthermore, if precisely designed, CPs can endow the system with useful functions such as photothermal effects and drug‐delivery capacity, which can lead to a synergistic therapy with PDT. Here, recent advances are summarized in CP‐based PDT, including its underlying phenomena, mechanisms, and applications. Strategies for improving PDT performance are the focus of the discussions. In the conclusion, challenges and opportunities are discussed by considering further perspectives.
Chloroplast‐inspired Scaffold for Infected Bone Defect Therapy: Towards Stable Photothermal Properties and Self‐Defensive Functionality
Authors: Zhao Yao , Peng Xu , Wang Dingqian , Zhang Hongbo , Xin Qiangwei , Wu Mingzhen , Xu Xiaoyang , Sun Fan , Xing Zeyuan , Wang Luning , Yu Peng , Xie Jing , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong , Ding Chunmei , Li Jianshu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBone implant‐associated infections induced by bacteria frequently result in repair failure and threaten the health of patients. Although black phosphorus (BP) material with superior photothermal conversion ability is booming in the treatment of bone disease, the development of BP‐based bone scaffolds with excellent photothermal stability and antibacterial properties simultaneously remains a challenge. In nature, chloroplasts cannot only convert light into chemical energy, but also hold a protective and defensive envelope membrane. Inspired by this, a self‐defensive bone scaffold with stable photothermal property is developed for infected bone defect therapy. Similar to thylakoid and stroma lamella in chloroplasts, BP is integrated with chitosan and polycaprolactone fiber networks. The mussel‐inspired polydopamine multifunctional “envelope membrane” wrapped above not only strengthens the photothermal stability of BP‐based scaffolds, but also realizes the in situ anchoring of silver nanoparticles. Bacteria‐triggered infection of femur defects in vivo can be commendably inhibited at the early stage via these chloroplast‐inspired implants, which then effectively promotes endogenous repair of the defect area under mild hyperthermia induced by near‐infrared irradiation. This chloroplast‐inspired strategy shows outstanding performance for infected bone defect therapy and provides a reference for the functionality of other biomedical materials.
Fertilization strategy affects crop nutrient concentration and removal in semi‐arid U.S. Northwest
Authors: Bierer A. , Dungan R. S. , Tarkalson D. D. , Leytem A. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccess to livestock manure is increasing in semi‐arid cropping systems of U.S. Northwest prompting evaluation of fertilization strategies on regional production systems. A study conducted from fall 2012 to 2019 used: fall‐ or spring‐applied dairy manure (56 Mg ha−1), fall‐applied composted dairy manure (33 Mg ha−1), spring‐applied urea or SUPERU (Koch Agronomic Services), and a control (n = 6) on a corn (Zea mays L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–alfalfa–alfalfa rotation. The effects of fertilization strategies on (a) soil nutrients, (b) crop tissue nutrient concentration and removal, and (c) digestibility and energy content of forages are discussed. Compost and manure additions increased corn silage N, P, K, respectively, by 0.86, 0.28, and 2.4 g kg−1 over other treatments; silage Ca and Mg were depressed 0.4 and 0.53 g kg−1 by manure applications. Barley grain Premoval and Kremoval increased 5.10 and 7.65 g kg−1 under manure applications relative to urea and SUPERU treatments while crude protein (CP) (19.1 g N kg−1) neared limits of high‐quality malt extract (16–19 g N kg−1). Compost and manure increased alfalfa K by 2.3 and 5.5 g kg−1 over other treatments, approaching levels of concern for hypocalcemia in dairy cattle (≥30 g K kg−1). No major impact on corn silage or alfalfa quality parameters, were observed. Present Idaho nutrient removal estimates were representative of corn and alfalfa, but not barley in which observed N removal was 28% lower. In 17 of 18 instances, contrast testing suggested nutrient removal differed under organic amended treatments, suggesting nutrient removal modifiers in production systems receiving organic amendment may need established.
Incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals and reactive surfactants for improved pressure‐sensitive adhesive performance
Authors: Hamlin Justin , Nuruddin Md , Tarabara Volodymyr , Szczepanski Caroline 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs), which achieve instantaneous adhesion with the application of light pressure, are used in a large range of commodity applications. In this work, PSAs enriched with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and stabilized with a reactive surfactant (Hitenol AR‐1025, AR) were synthesized via in situ emulsion polymerization. Incorporation of CNCs into AR‐stabilized PSAs lead to improvements of peel strength, shear strength, and loop tack with significant increases observed at a CNC concentration of 0.75 parts per hundred monomer (phm). A comparative investigation of PSAs stabilized with reactive (AR) and non‐reactive (sodium dodecyl sulfate) surfactant revealed that the enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic combination of CNCs and reactive surfactant, as only modest improvements can be attributed to surfactant type. In contrast to previous studies that report a trade‐off in adhesive properties, we present a well‐rounded PSA with exceptional peel strength, shear strength, and loop tack.
Genetic variation in reproductive timing in a long‐lived herbaceous perennial
Authors: Reed Will J. , Ison Jennifer L. , Waananen Amy , Shaw Frank H. , Wagenius Stuart , Shaw Ruth G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseReproductive fitness of individual plants depends on the timing of flowering, especially in mate‐limited populations, such as those in fragmented habitats. When flowering time traits are associated with differential reproductive success, the narrow‐sense heritability (h2) of traits will determine how rapidly trait means evolve in response to selection. Heritability of flowering time is documented in many annual plants. However, estimating h2 of flowering time in perennials presents additional methodological challenges, often including paternity assignment and trait expression over multiple years.MethodsWe evaluated the h2 of onset and duration of flowering using offspring–midparent regressions and restricted maximum likelihood methods in an experimental population of an iterocarpic, perennial, herbaceous plant, Echinacea angustifolia, growing in natural conditions. We assessed the flowering time of the parental cohort in 2005 and 2006; the offspring in 2014 through 2017. We also examined the effects of the paternity assignment from Cervus and MasterBayes on estimates of h2.ResultsWe found substantial h2 for onset and duration of flowering. We also observed variation in estimates among years. The most reliable estimates for both traits fell in the range of 0.1–0.17. We found evidence of a genotype by year interaction for onset of flowering and strong evidence that genotypes are consistent in their duration of flowering across years.ConclusionsSubstantial heritabilities in this population imply the capacity for a response to natural selection, while also suggesting the potential for differential contributions to adaptive evolution among seasons.
Is there a difference in student physical activity between a field school and a traditional classroom setting?
Authors: Howells Michaela Emily , Mayfour Katherine L'Amour Woolard , April Taryn B. , Bender Richard L. , Loudon James E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe compared the physical activity of nine students participating in an anthropological field school to their activity expenditures in traditional classrooms. We predicted that the students would exhibit higher physical activity during the field school due to the substantial physical requirements associated with the program compared to traditional classroom environments which are frequently more sedentary.MethodsParticipants (n = 9) wore wrist accelerometers for ~23 h each day for 6 days during an anthropological field school and also in a traditional classroom environment. Accelerometers were programed with participant height, weight, age, and sex. Each accelerometer recorded total energy expenditure in kilocalories (kcal), step counts, and time in four physical activity levels (vigorous, moderate, easy, and very easy) between the field school and traditional classroom settings.ResultsDuring the field school portion of the study, participants burned more calories (p < .01), took more steps (p < .0001), and engaged in more moderate and easy exercise (p < .0001).ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the physical benefits of study abroad programs and field schools. Our multi‐day accelerometer data revealed significant differences in even relatively low intensities of physical activity. This is particularly pertinent in the United States where sedentary lifestyles are increasing among college students. Taken together, the results underscore the importance of study abroad programs, field schools, and other applied learning opportunities beyond the educational, professional, and social benefits.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Cryptophazane—A Soluble and Functionalizable C1‐Symmetrical Cryptophane
Authors: Vigier Clément , Fayolle Dimitri , El Siblani Hussein , Sopkova ‐ de Oliveira Santos Jana , Fabis Frederic , Cailly Thomas , Dubost Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe first example of a cryptophazane, a cryptophane functionalized with a nitrogen atom replacing one of the methylene bridges, is obtained with a 28 % overall yield over 8 steps, through the preparation of a C1‐symmetrical aza‐cyclotriveratrylene (aza‐CTV). Herein, we demonstrate that the introduction of a nitrogen atom on this part of the cryptophane core enhances the solubility in organic media of both the cryptophane and the synthetic intermediates, while presenting the same conformation as known cryptophanes. Cryptophazane was prepared on a multigram scale and easily functionalized. We also investigated its ability to encapsulate xenon atoms using hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) NMR spectroscopy. We found that both its affinity and exchange kinetics were in the appropriate range for applications in 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Combined with the wide range of possible functionalization, this makes cryptophazane an excellent candidate for targeted HP 129Xe MRI.
Palladium‐katalysierte para‐C−H Arylierung von Anilinen mit aromatischen Halogeniden
Authors: Lichte Dominik , Pirkl Nico , Heinrich Gregor , Dutta Sayan , Goebel Jonas F. , Koley Debasis , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Kontrolle der Regioselektivität bei C−H‐Funktionalisierungen ist eine zentrale Herausforderung bei der chemischen Methodenentwicklung. Bei Arenen ist es am schwierigsten, Funktionalisierungen auf die C−H‐Gruppe zu richten, die am weitesten von einem Substituenten entfernt ist, nämlich in para‐Position. Wir zeigen hier, wie die para‐C−H‐Arylierung von Anilinen mit nicht aktivierten Arylhalogeniden, die bisher schwer zu erreichen war, durch einen basenvermittelten “Metalla‐Tautomerie”‐Ansatz erreicht wird. Ein Proton wird aus dem Anilin‐Substrat abstrahiert und durch eine Arylpalladium‐Spezies ersetzt, die aus dem Arylhalogenid‐Kupplungspartner erzeugt wird. In diesem Schritt wird das Palladium durch einen großen Phosphanliganden in Kombination mit einer Triphenylmethyl‐Schutzgruppe von der N‐ zur tautomeren para‐C−H‐Position gelenkt. Die Triphenylmethylgruppe lässt sich leicht anbringen und entfernen und kann recycelt werden.
Decarboxylative Selective Phosphorylation of Aliphatic Acids: A Transition‐Metal‐ and Photocatalyst‐Free Avenue to Dialkyl and Trialkyl Phosphine Oxides from White Phosphorus
Authors: Chen Fushan , Bai Mengpei , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Weijie , Huangfu Xinlei , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeveloping practical and mild strategies for the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) without chlorination is an appealing but formidable challenge. To this end, we report a breakthrough in the preparation of structurally diverse dialkylphosphines and trialkylphosphines that rely on the successive generation of carbon‐centered radicals from N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters and the controllable alkylation of the P4 molecule under transition‐metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free conditions. To facilitate separation and prevent product losses during purification, the corresponding oxidation products dialkylphosphine oxides (DAPOs) and trialkylphosphine oxides (TAPOs) were isolated. This photoinduced phosphorylation reaction features one‐pot operation, high product selectivity, and tolerates a broad range of alkyl NHPI esters, including derivatives of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Further diversified transformation of DAPOs to construct P−F, P−C, P−N, and P−O bonds was also demonstrated.
Mechanistic Insights into the Phase Separation Behavior and Pathway‐Directed Information Exchange in all‐DNA Droplets
Authors: Liu Wei , Samanta Avik , Deng Jie , Akintayo Cecilia Oluwadunsin , Walther Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiquid‐liquid phase separation provides a versatile approach to fabricating cell‐mimicking coacervates. Recently, it was discovered that phase separation of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) allows for forming protocells and microgels in multicomponent systems. However, the mechanism of the ssDNA phase separation is not comprehensively understood. Here, we present mechanistic insights into the metal‐dependent phase separation of ssDNA and leverage this understanding for a straightforward formation of all‐DNA droplets. Two phase separation temperatures are found that correspond to the formation of primary nuclei and a growth process. Ca2+ allows for irreversible, whereas Mg2+ leads to reversible phase separation. Capitalizing on these differences makes it possible to control the information transfer of one‐component DNA droplets and two‐component core–shell protocells. This study introduces new kinetic traps of phase separating ssDNA that lead to new phenomena in cell‐mimicking systems.
A Library of Rare Earth Oxide Ultrathin Nanowires with Polymer‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Fu Hao , Xu Yingzhuang , Qiu Di , Ma Tengfei , Yue Guanglu , Zeng Zhichao , Song Lianpeng , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Shuai , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrathin nanowires (NWs) have always attracted the attention of researchers due to their unique properties, but their facile synthesis is still a great challenge. Herein we developed a general method for the synthesis of rare earth (RE) oxide ultrathin NWs at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (50 °C). The formation mechanism of ultrathin NWs lies in two aspects: thermodynamic advantage of one dimensional (1D) growth at low temperature, and supplement of effective monomers. As an extension, fifteen kinds of RE oxide ultrathin NWs were synthesized through this strategy, and they all exhibited polymer‐like behaviors. Meanwhile, the high viscosity, organic gel, wet‐ and electro‐spinning of Ce‐Mo‐O NWs were studied in detail, demonstrating the similarity of ultrathin inorganic NWs to polymers. In addition, the Ce‐Mo‐O ultrathin NWs were used as photocatalysts for toluene oxidation and showed excellent performance with toluene conversion ratio of 83.8 %, suggesting their potential application in organic photocatalysis.
Microstructure, thermal and rheological properties of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) tapered block copolymer for potential use in biomedical applications
Authors: Saeheng Chutima , Fuongfuchat Asira , Sriyai Montira , Daranarong Donraporn , Namhongsa Manasanan , Molloy Robert , Meepowpan Puttinan , Punyodom Winita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the thermal and rheological properties of the poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone), PLC, tapered block copolymer synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using stannous octoate (Sn[Oct]2) as an initiator. The PLC copolymer (LL: CL = 48.9:51.1 mol% from 1H‐NMR) was obtained as a transparent, elastomeric material with a tapered monomer sequencing (R = 0.38 from 13C‐NMR data) due to randomizing effect of transesterification. The Mn, Mw, and ĐM of the PLC copolymer from GPC are 8.04 × 104, 1.36 × 105, and 1.69 respectively. The obtained moduli of the copolymer at 100% and 300% strain are rather low at 0.91 and 1.16 MPa. The rheological properties of the PLC melt are studied in terms of steady and oscillatory shear flow. The master curves at a reference temperature of 150°C with 5% and 100% strain suggest that the copolymer melt may contain some regular microstructures, such as small crystalline domains of poly(L‐lactide), which remained intact at high strain deformation. The flow curve of the PLC melt at 150°C constructed from a cross model shows a Newtonian viscosity () of 6754 Pa‐s, a consistency index (k) of 0.59, and a Power Law index of 0.35 where the onset of Power Law behavior is observed at around 10 s−1. For the fabrication of the PLC nerve tubes, the best result is observed from the extruded PLC tubes with a combination of PEG porosifying agent leaching and phase immersion precipitation at 2°C using DMF/1,4‐dioxane (1:1) as a mixed solvent and ethanol/chloroform (9:1) as a non‐solvent. The porous tube obtained under this condition has a pore diameter and pore depth of approximately 2.3–2.5 and 30 μm respectively.
Anticancer 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones as tubulin inhibitors
Authors: Rehulka Jiri , Subtelna Ivanna , Kryshchyshyn‐Dylevych Anna , Cherniienko Alina , Ivanova Aleksandra , Matveieva Mariia , Polishchuk Pavel , Gurska Sona , Hajduch Marian , Zagrijtschuk Oleh , Dzubak Petr , Lesyk Roman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudying the anticancer activity of 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones towards cell lines of different cancer types allowed the identification of hit‐compounds inhibiting the growth of daunorubicin‐ (CEM‐DNR, IC50 = 0.32–1.28 µM) and paclitaxel‐resistant (K562‐TAX, IC50 = 0.21–1.23 µM) cell lines, with favorable therapeutic indexes. The studied compounds induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation in treated CCRF‐CEM cells. The hit compounds were shown to induce mitotic arrest by interacting with tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization by binding to the colchicine binding site.
Substantial gradient mitigation in simulated large‐scale bioreactors by optimally placed multiple feed points
Authors: Losoi Pauli , Konttinen Jukka , Santala Ville 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe performance of large‐scale stirred tank and bubble column bioreactors is often hindered by insufficient macromixing of feeds, leading to heterogeneities in pH, substrate, and oxygen, which complicates process scale‐up. Appropriate feed placement or the use of multiple feed points could improve mixing. Here, theoretically optimal placement of feed points was derived using one‐dimensional diffusion equations. The utility of optimal multipoint feeds was evaluated with mixing, pH control, and bioreaction simulations using three‐dimensional compartment models of four industrially relevant bioreactors with working volumes ranging from 8 to 237 m3. Dividing the vessel axially in equal‐sized compartments and locating a feed point or multiple feed points symmetrically in each compartment reduced the mixing time substantially by more than a minute and mitigated gradients of pH, substrate, and oxygen. Performance of the large‐scale bioreactors was consequently restored to ideal, homogeneous reactor performance: oxygen consumption and biomass yield were recovered and the phenotypical heterogeneity of the biomass population was diminished.