bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Human Rights Promotion and Protection? The EU and its Member States at the UN Human Rights Council
Authors: Tuominen Hanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines the EU's role as a global human rights actor through the example of its activity in the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). Whilst the EU has aimed to become an effective actor in the UN overall, the key focus is the extent to which the EU can be considered an effective actor in the HRC. Here, EU action is interpreted as the combined contribution of the EU and its Member States, thereby providing a comprehensive picture of EU engagement. The EU's effectiveness is evaluated by studying its input, engagement in negotiations and goal achievement. Furthermore, perceptions of effectiveness, based on interviews, are incorporated into the analysis. The article claims that the EU can be considered an effective actor in terms of its input and achieved outcomes. It has also improved its effectiveness in negotiations. However, EU effectiveness remains conditioned by the political context of the HRC.
A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae), from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins
Authors: Londoño‐Burbano Alejandro , Britto Marcelo R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new loricariin species of Sturisoma is described from the Cautário, Guaporé, Mamoré, Machado and Soteiro rivers, Madeira River basin, in Bolivia and Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a middorsal longitudinal, thin dark brown stripe on the caudal peduncle, extending from two or three plates posterior to the dorsal‐fin base, reaching the origin of the caudal fin, or one or two plates anterior to the origin of the caudal fin; small squarish anteriormost abdominal plates; and a middorsal longitudinal dark‐brown stripe from first predorsal plate to near the dorsal‐fin origin. Furthermore, the new species is diagnosed from congeners by plate morphology, counts on the median series, coalescent plates and ventrolateral thoracic plates, in addition to measurements related to body and head structures. An analysis of genetic distances using cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene marker of the mitochondrial genome between the new species and several congeners is presented, in addition to a likelihood analysis to illustrate the position of the new taxon within Sturisoma. An identification key for species of the genus currently recorded at the upper Amazonas River basin is provided.
Influence of convective and microwave drying on Algerian blood orange slices: Drying kinetics and characteristics, modeling, and drying energetics
Authors: Abderrahim Khadidja Adel , Remini Hocine , Dahmoune Farid , Mouhoubi Khokha , Berkani Farida , Abbou Amina , Aoun Omar , Dairi Sofiane , Belbahi Amine , Kadri Nabil , Madani Khodir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research work aims to explore for the first time the effect of two drying processes on Algerian blood oranges (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck): microwave(200, 400, 600, and 800 W) and convective(40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C), on drying characteristics. The drying time was reduced from 90 min at 120°C (rate of 2.00 × 10−2 kgH2O/kg dm.min) to 13 min at 800 W microwave output (rate of 28.86 × 10−2 kgH2O/kg dm.min). The drying data were fitted to 38 models. Sledz et al. and Midilli and Kucuk models were found to be the best fit to describe drying kinetics for microwave and convective, respectively. The effective diffusivity ranged from 2.07 × 10−9 to 15.67 × 10−9 m2/s for microwave and from 0.07 × 10−9 to 1.97 × 10−9 m2/s for convective drying. The activation energy was estimated to be 8.871 W/g and 33.7 kJ/mol for microwave and convective respectively. The highest energy consumption was obtained by convective drying (0.49 × 107 MJ/kgH2O) whereas the highest energy yield was obtained by microwave drying (36.93 × 10–2%).Practical ApplicationsDue to the great variability of drying techniques, it is difficult to design the best process for a given product. When choosing a process, several parameters must be considered including precise process control, short drying time, low energy consumption, and high energy efficiency. Blood orange is a seasonal variety, to make it available, drying is one of the most used techniques. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare two drying processes of blood orange slices (microwave, convective). The results of this research allowed to select an alternative technique (microwave) to manufacture dehydrated orange slices that could be useful to facilitate their use out off‐season in the formulation of different food products, food fortification, and pharmaceutical industry.Novelty Impact StatementTwo conventional and innovative drying methods were applied to dry blood orange slices, and in terms of kinetic results and modeling. The models of Midilli and Kucuk and Sledz were best suited for convective and microwave drying, respectively. Microwaves provide faster drying, low energy consumption, and high energy efficiency.
Low‐temperature microwave‐assisted drying of sliced bitter melon: Drying kinetics and rehydration characteristics
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐Van‐Linh , Nguyen Phuoc‐Bao‐Duy , Tran Thi Tuong Vi , Tran Bich‐Lam , Huynh Tien‐Phong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, 5 mm thick thin layers of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) were microwave‐assisted dried at a low temperature on a laboratory scale. Bitter melon was selected as a material due to its nutritional value and therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, the full‐factorial design with microwave power densities (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 W/g) and air‐drying temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) was used to investigate the kinetics of drying and various soaking temperatures (25, 50, and 80°C) for each of the tested drying conditions was used to study the rehydration characteristics. According to the results, both the Weibull and Midilli models were determined to be the best‐fitting models for predicting the variation in moisture ratio during microwave‐assisted drying at low temperatures. At low drying temperatures (less than 30°C), the presence of microwave radiation would considerably enhance moisture diffusion. The moisture diffusion coefficient was determined to be between 1.14 × 10−8 and 2.59 × 10−8 m2/s when microwave power density varied from 1.5 to 4.5 W/g and temperature varied from 20 to 30°C. In low‐temperature microwave‐assisted drying, the rehydrated properties of dried bitter melon were significantly affected by microwave power. The kinetic rate and characteristic constants of the Peleg model were specifically decreased by the rise in microwave power density.Practical applications
The first time, the drying and rehydration kinetics of sliced bitter melon were investigated using a relatively new drying technique, low‐temperature microwave‐assisted drying.
Midilli and Weibull models are the best empirical models for describing the drying behavior of sliced bitter melon dried by low‐temperature microwave‐assisted drying, while the Peleg model is good for identifying the rehydration behavior.
The microwave power density played a crucial role in the rehydration characteristics of dried bitter melon by low‐temperature microwave‐assisted drying.
Mathematical modeling of continuous induction heating of sour cherry juice
Authors: Icier Filiz , Kaya Orhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInduction heating is a noncontact heating method that enables heating of ferromagnetic materials. In this study, continuous induction heating system was custom set up and experimental and numerical results were compared. Sour cherry juice was heated to a target temperature value (75°C) at three different flow rates (200–250‐300 ml/min) and three different set pipe wall temperatures (80–90–100°C) in experimental study. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 was used to solve mathematical models and visualize temperature distribution during heating and flowing. Magnetic field, heat transfer, and laminar flow physics paired each other in the model. It was concluded that the time‐dependent variation of the sour cherry juice output temperature was successfully predicted by the model developed for induction process conditions. The developed models could be used to estimate process time, temperature history of materials, and effect of flow rate on heating rate any time during the continuous induction heating process.Practical applicationsThermal processes applied in the food industry are aimed to inactivate the microorganisms in the food, to protect the nutrient content, and to have high energy efficiency. Conventional heating methods have a negative effect on the nutrient content of foods and the energy efficiency of the heating process due to long processing times. The advantages of induction heating are that it is a novel heating method, highly energy efficient, and performs heating process in a short time. In this study, a laboratory‐scale continuous induction heating system to heat a liquid food product was established and numerical modeling of the heating process was performed. The obtained model will be an important data for installation of the continuous induction heating systems, scale‐up in the continuous induction heating systems, and prediction to effects of the process parameters.
Influence of manufacturing system scale for commercial Japanese green tea (Sencha) production on biochemical characteristics of tea leaf and infusion
Authors: Qin Wei , Yamada Ryutaro , Araki Takuya , Ogawa Yukiharu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDried green tea leaves (Sencha) were manufactured using various scale manufacturing systems, which processed batch‐wise for 15 kg (15 K), 60 kg (60 K), and 120 kg (120 K) fresh leaves. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) of dried tea leaves and infusions were evaluated. The values of TPC, FRAP, and DPPH of dried tea leaves processed by the larger systems (120 K and 60 K) were significantly higher than the values by the smaller system (15 K). In contrast, with the larger system scale, some of the leaves were not fully rolled and were not mechanically damaged during processing. These incomplete processing conditions led to the extraction of significantly fewer polyphenols in hot water, which might influence the health benefits of green tea infusions. This study indicated that there could be an optimal system scale that considers the balance between economic and health benefits, involving the optimization of production quality/amount.Practical ApplicationsAfter harvest, Japanese green tea leaves are gradually dried using batch‐wise processing systems. The processing system scale is permanently fixed by the size of one batch, which is selected according to the circumstances of the production area and demand for tea production. However, tea leaf producers have experientially been aware of the quality variations in the final tea products, depending on the system scale. In this study, the impact of the scale of the manufacturing system on the functional properties of green tea was investigated. The results revealed that the hot water extract of dried tea leaves processed by a larger system scale tended to have less functional properties than those by a smaller system. This was due to the comparatively incomplete rolling conditions of tea leaves processed by larger manufacturing systems. These differences influence the preservability and extractability of the chemical components of the green tea leaves. Our findings provide beneficial information regarding processing conditions for better functional green tea infusions.
Membrane retrieval after Immediately Releasable Pool (IRP) exocytosis is produced by dynamin‐dependent and dynamin‐independent/protein kinase C‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Bayonés Lucas , Alfonso‐Bueno Samuel , Montenegro Mauricio , Moya‐Díaz José , Caspe Octavio , Gallo Luciana I. , Marengo Fernando D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe importance of the immediately releasable pool (IRP) of vesicles was proposed to reside in the maintenance of chromaffin cell secretion during the firing of action potentials at basal physiological frequencies. To accomplish this duty, IRP should be replenished as a function of time. We have previously reported that an action potential‐like stimulus (APls) triggers the release of ~50% IRP, followed by a fast dynamin‐dependent endocytosis and an associated rapid replenishment process. In this work, we investigated the endocytosis and IRP replenishment produced after the exocytosis of variable IRP fractions in mice primary chromaffin cell cultures. Exocytosis and endocytosis were estimated by membrane capacitance measurements obtained in patch‐clamped cells. In addition to the dynamin‐dependent fast endocytosis activated after the application of APls or 5 ms squared depolarizations, we found that depolarizations lasting 25–50 ms, which release >80% of IRP, are related with a fast dynamin‐independent, Ca2+‐ and protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent endocytosis (time constant <1 s). PKC inhibitors, such as staurosporine, bisindolylmaleimide XI, PKC 19–31 peptide, and prolonged treatments with high concentrations of phorbol esters, reduced and decelerated this endocytosis. Additionally, we found that the inhibition of PKC also abolished a slow component of replenishment (time constant ~8 s) observed after total IRP exocytosis. Therefore, our results suggest that PKC contributes to the coordination of membrane retrieval and vesicle replenishment mechanisms that occur after the complete exocytosis of IRP.image
Marginal discrepancy and fracture load of thermomechanically fatigued crowns fabricated with different CAD‐CAM techniques
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of CAD‐CAM technique (monolithic, CAD‐on, or CAD‐on cemented) and thermomechanical fatigue on the marginal discrepancy and fracture load of ceramic crowns.Material and methodsA total of 90 brass master dies were fabricated to investigate marginal adaptation and fracture load. A mandibular first molar crown's median measurements were loaded into CAD software and divided into 2 crown design groups: Monolithic (M)(IPS e.max zirCAD)(n = 30) or CAD‐on core (IPS e.max zirCAD) and lithium disilicate veneer (IPS e.max CAD) (n = 60). The crowns and cores were milled, seated on their respective dies, and marginal discrepancy values were measured by using microcomputed tomography. After veneers were milled, the cores in the veneer groups were divided into 2 groups; veneers bonded with fusion glass‐ceramic (IPS e.max CAD Crystal) in CAD‐on group (CO) and CAD‐on cemented group (CO‐C) where veneers were cemented (RelyX U200) onto cores (CO‐C). The marginal discrepancy measurements were remade and the crowns were subjected to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) by using a chewing simulator and thermocycling (5‐55°C, 1,200,000 cycles). Marginal discrepancy measurements were repeated and the crowns were subjected to fracture load test by using a universal test device. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05).ResultsAll crown groups had similar marginal discrepancy before veneering. Veneering and cementation on die increased the marginal discrepancy of crowns in cemented CAD‐on group. Thermomechanical fatigue increased the marginal discrepancy of both CAD‐on groups. Monolithic crown group had the lowest marginal discrepancy after thermomechanical fatigue (p < 0.001), and the highest fracture load (p < 0.001)ConclusionsFabrication technique affected the marginal fit and fracture load of CAD‐CAM crowns after thermomechanical fatigue. All crowns survived the thermomechanical fatigue test without dislodgement or fracture. Monolithic crowns had the best fit and highest fracture load after fatigue testing. The CAD‐on systems had similar marginal discrepancies, and static loading reproduced veneer chipping.
Psychometric properties and reference values of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep item banks in the Dutch general population
Authors: Terwee Caroline B. , van Litsenburg Raphaele R. L. , Elsman Ellen B. M. , Roorda Leo D. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPsychometric properties of the v1.0 Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) sleep disturbance (27 items) and sleep‐related impairment (SRI; 16 items) item banks, short forms derived from the item bank, and simulated computerised adaptive test (CAT), were assessed in a representative sample of 1,006 adults from the Dutch general population. For sleep disturbance all items fitted the item response theory model. Four items showed differential item functioning (i.e., lack of measurement invariance) for age and two for language but the impact on scores (expressed as T‐scores) was small. Reliable scores (r > 0.90) were found for 92.2%–96.3% of respondents with the full bank, short forms with six and eight items, and CAT, but for only 25.6% with the four‐item short form. For SRI two items did not fit the item response theory model. Four items showed differential item functioning for language but the impact on T‐scores was small. Reliable scores were found for 82.1% with the full bank, for 47.8%–69.5% with short forms and CAT. T‐scores of 49.7 and 49.3 represent the average score of the Dutch general population for sleep disturbance and SRI, respectively. In conclusion, sufficient structural validity, reliability, and cross‐cultural validity was found for the full banks but short forms of four items are not reliable enough for clinical practice. For SRI we recommend the full item bank if this is the primary outcome.
Water as property: Contention between indigenous communities and the lithium industry for water rights in Chile
Authors: Lunde Seefeldt Jennapher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the growing demand for lithium to be used in many electronic devices and vehicles, companies in Chile's Atacama Desert race to extract this “white gold.” Lithium mining is a water‐intensive process, seemingly impossible to sustain in the world's driest desert. Local indigenous communities rely on what little water access exists, but water becomes the property of whoever owns the land. Thus, we see growing contention between local communities and mining companies for the use of water. This study examines the intersection between communities, the environment, and lithium‐mining companies, using a political‐ecology model to understand the nuances involved in extracting this in‐demand resource. Based on interviews, news archives, and other methods, the findings indicate a need for increased trust between populations and companies. Additionally, regulatory and legal clarity and consolidation would help manage the conflicts. Activism and company and government responses can facilitate better negotiations between stakeholders and allow for access to lithium while better protecting the environment and the people that survive in the desert.
Collateral damage of wandering ProTacks
Authors: Batura Deepak , Sahibzada Iqbal , Gayed Wade 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCaseA 75‐year‐old man presented with mixed obstructive and storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). He had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 5 years and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair 20 years ago. He had a stone adherent to the bladder wall and an occlusive prostate.OutcomeHe underwent a re‐do TURP and stone removal. Stone removal revealed an underlying metal coil straddling the bladder wall, which had served as a nidus for stone formation. The metal ring was a ProTack staple from previous hernia surgery, which had detached and wandered into the bladder. At follow‐up after 12 weeks, the patient was asymptomatic, and his urine was sterile. Therefore, he chose to be treated conservatively for the ProTack and was started on periodic follow‐up and cystoscopic surveillance. Shortly after review, he developed intestinal obstruction, which resolved spontaneously and was thought to be secondary to adhesions from other tacks that had migrated into the peritoneal cavity.ConclusionWe have reported a case of a ProTack from a previous hernia repair migrating into the bladder and also causing intestinal obstruction. The case is very rare because of the combination of complications. Clinicians should beware of delayed complications and damage to other organs due to metallic hernia staples.
Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor RLP23 increases broad‐spectrum resistance in poplar to fungal pathogens
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Cheng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe pattern recognition receptor AtRLP23 from Arabidopsis thaliana recognizes the epitopes (nlp24s) of necrosis and ethylene‐inducing peptide 1‐like proteins (NLPs) and triggers pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Here, we established methods for studying the early events of PTI in the hybrid poplar cultivar Shanxin (Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana) in response to the flagellin epitope. We confirmed that wild‐type Shanxin cannot generate PTI responses on nlp24 treatment. Four NLP homologues were characterized from two common fungal pathogens of Shanxin, namely Marssonina brunnea f. sp. monogermtubi (MbMo) and Elsinoë australis (Ea), which cause black leaf spot and anthracnose disease, respectively, and the nlp24s of three of them could be responded to by Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing AtRLP23. We then created AtRLP23 transgenic Shanxin lines and confirmed that the heterologous expression of AtRLP23 conferred on transgenic Shanxin the ability to respond to one nlp24 of each fungal pathogen. Consistently, infection assays with MbMo or Ea showed obviously lower levels of disease symptoms and significantly inhibited the growth of fungi on the transgenic poplar compared with that in wild‐type poplar. Overall, our results indicated that the heterologous expression of AtRLP23 allowed transgenic Shanxin to generate a PTI response to nlp24s, resulting in increased broad‐spectrum fungal disease resistance.