bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in endosomal Rab gene expression between positive and negative COVID-19 patients
Authors: Atik Nur , Wirawan Farruqi , Amalia Riezki , Khairani Astrid Feinisa , Pradini Gita Widya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
SARS CoV-2, the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is well-known to use ACE2 to begin internalization. Some viruses enter the host cell through the endocytosis process and involve some endocytosis proteins, such as the Rab family. However, the relationship between SARS CoV-2 infection with endocytic mRNA RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B is unknown. This study aims to compare the expression of RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B between positive and negative COVID-19 patient groups.

Results
Both viral and human epithelial RNA Isolation and RT-PCR were performed from 249 samples. The genes expression was analysed using appropriate statistical tests. We found the Median (inter-quartile range/IQR) of RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B expression among the COVID-19 patient group was 2.99 (1.88), 0.17 (0.47), 0.47 (1.49), and 1.60 (2.88), 1.05 (2.49), 1.10 (3.96) among control group respectively. We proceeded with Mann Whitney U Test and found that RAB5 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.001), and RAB7 and RAB11B expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036) in the COVID-19 patient group compared to the control group. This first report showed significant differences in RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B exist between COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetic retinopathy by delivering NEDD4
Authors: Sun Fengtian , Sun Yuntong , Zhu Junyan , Wang Xiaoling , Ji Cheng , Zhang Jiahui , Chen Shenyuan , Yu Yifan , Xu Wenrong , Qian Hui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
As a leading cause of vision decline and severe blindness in adults, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by the aggravation of retinal oxidative stress and apoptosis in the early stage. Emerging studies reveal that mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) treatment represents a promising cell-free approach to alleviate ocular disorders. However, the repairing effects of MSC-sEV in DR remain largely unclear. This study aimed at exploring the role and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEV in hyperglycemia-induced retinal degeneration.

Methods
In vivo, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to establish diabetic rat model, followed by the intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV to determine the curative effect. The cell viability and antioxidant capacity of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells stimulated with high-glucose (HG) medium after MSC-sEV treatment were analyzed in vitro. By detecting the response of cell signaling pathways in MSC-sEV-treated RPE cells, we explored the functional mechanism of MSC-sEV. Mass spectrometry was performed to reveal the bioactive protein which mediated the role of MSC-sEV.

Results
The intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV elicited antioxidant effects and counteracted retinal apoptosis in STZ-induced DR rat model. MSC-sEV treatment also reduced the oxidative level and enhanced the proliferation ability of RPE cells cultured in HG conditions in vitro. Further studies showed that the increased level of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibited AKT phosphorylation and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression in RPE cells stimulated with HG medium, which could be reversed by MSC-sEV intervention. Through mass spectrometry, we illustrated that MSC-sEV-delivered neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) could cause PTEN ubiquitination and degradation, activate AKT signaling and upregulate NRF2 level to prevent DR progress. Moreover, NEDD4 knockdown impaired MSC-sEV-mediated retinal therapeutic effects.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that MSC-sEV ameliorated DR through NEDD4-induced regulation on PTEN/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway, thus revealing the efficiency and mechanism of MSC-sEV-based retinal protection and providing new insights into the treatment of DR.
Public views on ethical issues in healthcare artificial intelligence: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Frost Emma Kellie , Bosward Rebecca , Aquino Yves Saint James , Braunack-Mayer Annette , Carter Stacy M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of new healthcare AI (HCAI) technologies. Whilst some of these technologies show promise for improving the patient experience, ethicists have warned that AI can introduce and exacerbate harms and wrongs in healthcare. It is important that HCAI reflects the values that are important to people. However, involving patients and publics in research about AI ethics remains challenging due to relatively limited awareness of HCAI technologies. This scoping review aims to map how the existing literature on publics’ views on HCAI addresses key issues in AI ethics and governance.

Methods
We developed a search query to conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete from January 2010 onwards. We will include primary research studies which document publics’ or patients’ views on machine learning HCAI technologies. A coding framework has been designed and will be used capture qualitative and quantitative data from the articles. Two reviewers will code a proportion of the included articles and any discrepancies will be discussed amongst the team, with changes made to the coding framework accordingly. Final results will be reported quantitatively and qualitatively, examining how each AI ethics issue has been addressed by the included studies.

Discussion
Consulting publics and patients about the ethics of HCAI technologies and innovations can offer important insights to those seeking to implement HCAI ethically and legitimately. This review will explore how ethical issues are addressed in literature examining publics’ and patients’ views on HCAI, with the aim of determining the extent to which publics’ views on HCAI ethics have been addressed in existing research. This has the potential to support the development of implementation processes and regulation for HCAI that incorporates publics’ values and perspectives.
Implementation of falls risk evaluation at one-year after total hip arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adebero Tony , Bobos Pavlos , Somerville Lyndsay , Howard James , Vasarhelyi Edward M. , Lanting Brent , Hunter Susan W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Research has demonstrated an increased risk of falls after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Yet, people’s knowledge on falls risk factors and how falls prevention strategies are being used after THA have not been examined. If a person’s knowledge of falls and self-efficacy about falls prevention strategies is low this would indicate a pressing need for interventions to lessen risk. The study objectives were: 1) to determine the falls knowledge and what fall prevention strategies people used after (THA) and 2) to determine the outcomes of a falls risk assessment at 12-months after unilateral THA.

Methods
Overall, 108 people completed the Falls Risk for Older People – Community Setting (FROP-Com) scale, a falls questionnaire (covered occurrence of falls, knowledge on falls risk factors, falls prevention strategies implemented after THA surgery), 6-m Walk Test (6mWT), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30CST), Timed-up and Go (TUG) Test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC).

Results
Twenty-five (23.2%) people fell at least once in the 12 months after THA. Scores on the FROP-Com ranged from 2–20 with an average of 8.2 ± 3.6 indicating a mild falls risk. The importance of falling compared to other health concerns was rated as moderate to high (6.8 ± 2.9) and the majority of participants (n = 98, 90.7%) believed falls can be prevented after THA. Total scores on the ABC scale ranged from 30.6% to 100.0% with an average score of 84.4 ± 15.5%, indicating high function. Only 47 people (43.5%) reported receiving falls prevention education. A total of 101 falls prevention strategies were completed by 67 people (62%), the most common strategy was environmental modifications (e.g., installation of grab bars) at 37.4%, while exercise was mentioned by only 2%. The majority of people had functional deficits in 30CST (62%) and TUG (76.9%) at 12-months after unilateral THA.

Conclusions
Almost a quarter of the sample had experienced a fall in the 12-months after THA and functional deficits were common. The majority of the sample had proactively implemented falls prevention strategies after the surgery. Yet importantly, people after THA had limited exposure to falls prevention education and implemented a limited range of prevention strategies.
Anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical myasthenia gravis who underwent a thymectomy: a case report
Authors: Uchida Satoshi , Kudo Reiko , Takekawa Daiki , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Some individuals with subclinical myasthenia gravis (MG) are positive for serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, without neurological symptoms. There are no anesthetic management guidelines for subclinical MG. We report the anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical MG who underwent a thymectomy.

Case presentation
A 57-year-old female with subclinical MG was scheduled for an extended thymectomy. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with mainly propofol and remifentanil. We administrated the minimum amount of rocuronium with reference to train-of-four (TOF) monitoring when a neuromuscular relaxant is needed. Although the prolonged effect of rocuronium was observed, the TOF ratio had already recovered to 100% before the tracheal extubation. Postoperative analgesia was performed by a continuous epidural infusion of levobupivacaine.

Conclusion
We reported the anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical MG who underwent a thymectomy. Further research is necessary to clarify subclinical MG patients' sensitivity to rocuronium.
Evaluation of repair bond strength with different methods for zirconia restorations
Authors: Galal Rami M. , Hamza Ghada E. , ElHotieby Menatallah M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to assess the bonding of two repair methods for zirconia.Null hypothesisRepair of zirconia with Cojet (3M Cojet sand, 68,411) and clearfil (clearfil REPAIR Kuraray Japan) has the same effect on the bond strength of zirconia restorations. Zirconia blocks were sliced before sintering into 28 samples (inCorisZI mono L), surface treated with two repair methods (Cojet and clearfil) then bonded to composite. Storage and thermocycling was done then loaded under shear until failure. Shear bond strength was collected and statistically analyzed. Graph pad Instat (Graph Pad, Inc.) software for windows was used for analyzing results.ResultsIt was found that COJ surface treatment recorded statistically non-significant higher shear bond strength mean value (8.45 ± 0.70 Mpa) than CLE surface treatment (7.67 ± 2.55 Mpa) as indicated by pairedt-test.ConclusionIt was concluded that bond strength between composite resin and inCoris ZI mono L is the same in resistance to shear stresses after Cojet surface treatment and after Clearfil surface treatment.
Impact of a Clinical Genomics Program on Trial Accrual for Targeted Treatments: Practical Approach Overcoming Barriers to Accrual for Underserved Patients
Authors: Farhangfar Carol J. , Scarola Gregory T. , Morris Victoria A. , Farhangfar Farhang , Dumas Kathryn , Symanowski James , Hwang Jimmy J. , Mileham Kathryn F. , Carrizosa Daniel R. , Naumann R. Wendel , Livasy Chad , Kim Edward S. , Raghavan Derek 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE Clinical trials of novel and targeted agents increasingly require biomarkers for eligibility. Precision oncology continues to evolve, but challenges hamper broad use of molecular profiling (MP) that could increase the number of patients benefiting from targeted therapy. We implemented an integrated clinical genomics program (CGP), including a virtual Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), and examined its impact on MP use and impact on clinical trial accrual in a multisite regional-based cancer system with an emphasis on effects for isolated clinicians. METHODS We assessed MP and MTB use from 2010 to 2020 by practice location, physician experience, and patient characteristics. Use of MTB-recommended treatments was assessed. Clinical trial enrollment was evaluated for patients with MP versus MP and MTB review. RESULTS After CGP implementation, the number of physicians using MP and the number of MP tests increased ≥ 10-fold. The proportion of Hispanic patients with MP was the same as that in the system (both 2%) with marginal differences observed in the proportion of African Americans tested compared with the system population (16% v 19%). Physicians followed MTB treatment recommendations in 74% of cases. Rapid clinical decline was the most common reason why physicians did not follow MTB recommendations. Clinical trial accrual was 15% (669 of 4,459) for patients with MP alone and 28% (94 of 334) with both MP and MTB review. Clinical trial availability and patient out-of-pocket costs affected MP use. CONCLUSION Integrating CGP into clinical workflow with decision support tools, trial matching, and management of patient costs led to increased use of MP by physicians with all levels of experience, enhanced clinical trial accrual, and has the potential to reduce disparities in MP.
A Ten-Year Experience of Treating Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Rural Rwanda: Outcomes and Insights for a Changing Landscape
Authors: Morgan Jennifer , DeBoer Rebecca J. , Bigirimana Jean Bosco , Nguyen Cam , Ruhangaza Deogratias , Paciorek Alan , Mugabo Fred , Villaverde Chandler , Nsabimana Nicaise , Bihizimana Pascal , Umwizerwa Aline , Lehmann Leslie E. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Shyirambere Cyprien 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE In describing our ten-year experience with treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as part of the Glivec Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) in rural Rwanda, we evaluate (1) patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, (2) resource-adapted management strategies, and (3) the impact of diagnostic capacity development. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients with BCR-ABL–positive CML enrolled in this GIPAP program between 2009 and 2018. Clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier methods, proportional hazards regression, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS One hundred twenty-four patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 34 (range 8-81) years. On imatinib, 91% achieved complete hematologic response (CHR) after a median of 49 days. Seven (6%) and 12 (11%) patients had primary and secondary imatinib resistance, respectively. The 3-year overall survival was 80% (95% CI, 72 to 87) for the cohort, with superior survival in imatinib responders compared with those with primary and secondary resistance. The median time from imatinib initiation to CHR was 59 versus 38 days ( P = .040) before and after in-country diagnostic testing, whereas the median time to diagnosis ( P = .056) and imatinib initiation ( P = .170) was not significantly different. CONCLUSION Coupling molecular diagnostics with affordable access to imatinib within a comprehensive cancer care delivery program is a successful long-term strategy to treat CML in resource-constrained settings. Our patients are younger and have higher rates of imatinib resistance compared with historic cohorts in high-income countries. High imatinib resistance rates highlight the need for access to molecular monitoring, resistance testing, and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as systems to support drug adherence. Hematologic response is an accurate resource-adapted predictor of survival in this setting. Local diagnostic capacity development has allowed for continuous, timely CML care delivery in Rwanda.
Synchrony in directed connectomes
Authors: Crofts J. J. , Chuzhanova N. , Padmore A. , Nelson M. R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Synchronisation plays a fundamental role in a variety of physiological functions, such as visual perception, cognitive function, sleep and arousal. The precise role of the interplay between local dynamics and directed cortical topology on the propensity for cortical structures to synchronise, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we study the impact that directed network topology has on the synchronisation properties of the brain by considering a range of species and parcellations, including the cortex of the cat and the Macaque monkey, as well as the nervous system of the C. elegans round worm. We deploy a Kuramoto phase model to simulate neural dynamics on the aforementioned connectomes, and investigate the extent to which network directionality influences distributed patterns of neural synchrony. In particular, we find that network directionality induces both slower synchronisation speeds and more robust phase locking in the presence of network delays. Moreover, in contrast to large-scale connectomes, we find that recently observed relations between resting state directionality patterns and network structure appear to break down for invertebrate networks such as the C. elegans connectome, thus suggesting that observed variations in directed network topology at different scales can significantly impact patterns of neural synchrony. Our results suggest that directionality plays a key role in shaping network dynamics and moreover that its exclusion risks simplifying neural activation dynamics in a potentially significant way.
Sacral Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Treatment of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: A Technical Note and Review of the Literature
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Scheer Justin K. , Lau Darryl , Fury Marissa , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Lumbosacral deformities are caused by high-grade spondylolisthesis, fractures, iatrogenic flat back, and other etiologies. The S1 pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) can facilitate reduction of spondylolisthesis and lower the pelvic incidence. There are limited reports on the indications and outcomes of this technique.

OBJECTIVE:
To present a technical description and literature review of the S1 PSO with video summary.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective review of a single case to highlight the use of S1 PSO for the treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. A literature review was performed in accordance with STROBE guidelines.

RESULTS:
A 47-year-old woman presented with back and right leg pain related to grade 4 spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 with sagittal imbalance and lumbosacral kyphosis. She was taken for an L2-pelvis instrumented fusion with S1 PSO. Three days later, she was taken for an L4-5 and L5-S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion with the L5-S1 segmental plate. Her postoperative course was notable for right foot drop that resolved in 6 weeks. Postoperative x-rays showed successful reduction of spondylolisthesis with normal alignment and sagittal balance. Based on 6 studies involving 22 true sacral PSOs in the literature, the procedure carries a 27% risk of neurological deficit, typically in the form of L5 palsy.

CONCLUSION:
The S1 PSO is a technically challenging operation that has a unique role in the treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. It carries a significant risk of L5 palsy and should be reserved for surgeons with experience performing complex 3-column osteotomies.
Resection of an Intradural Extramedullary Capillary Hemangioma in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Srienc Anja I. , Mahlokozera Tatenda , Connor Michelle , Han Peng Cheng , Pennicooke Brenton 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Capillary hemangiomas are space-occupying lesions that rarely affect the central nervous system. When they present within the spinal canal, they can cause insidious symptoms and threaten neurological function. In this study, we present a case of an intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma of the lumbar spine, discuss our management strategy, and review the current literature. For the first time for this diagnosis, we also provide an operative video.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
The patient is a previously healthy 40-year-old man who presented with complaints of progressive low back and leg pain, numbness, and intermittent subjective urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a discrete, homogenously enhancing intradural extramedullary lesion at L4. This lesion was resected by performing an L4 laminoplasty, which entails en bloc removal of the L4 lamina and then securing it back into place once the intradural resection and dural closure are completed. Histological analysis revealed a diagnosis of capillary hemangioma. The patient had full resolution of his symptoms postoperatively.

DISCUSSION:
Definitive management of spinal capillary hemangiomas involves gross total resection and can be accomplished with laminoplasty. Because these benign tumors can be adherent to adjacent structures, intraoperative neuromonitoring is helpful adjunct to preserve neurological function for a good outcome.

CONCLUSION:
Capillary hemangiomas rarely affect the spine but should be considered on the list of differential diagnoses of intradural lesions.
Facile Synthesis of Dopamine-based Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Enrichment of Aflatoxin B in Food Matrices before HPLC Analysis
Authors: Hu Meihua , Ge Wen , Liu Xiujuan , Suo Lili , Wan Quanyu , Wu Fangying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel sorbent for the enrichment of aflatoxin B1 and B2, molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared via self-assembly of dopamine to attach aflatoxin B1 as the template onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Various parameters affecting the adsorption efficiencies of the prepared polymers were investigated. It can be shown to be an efficient and fairly specific sorbent coupled with UPLC-FLD with a large volume flow cell for the recognition and determination of both aflatoxin Bs in food samples.