bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural attenuation processes control groundwater contamination in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: evidence from 35 years of radiological monitoring
Authors: Bugai Dmitri , Kireev Sergey , Hoque Mohammad A. , Kubko Yuri , Smith Jim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) contains the vast majority of radionuclides released by the accident in nuclear fuel particle form. We present and analyze groundwater measurements collected from the monitoring network in CEZ covering key aquifers over 35 years since the accident. These new data, together with a comprehensive analysis of historical data shows that 90Sr remains mobile in the subsurface environment, while groundwater concentrations of 137Cs, Pu isotopes and 241Am are relatively low, and are not of radiological concern. During the last two decades, 90Sr and 137Cs levels have declined or remained stable over time in the majority of monitoring locations. This is due to natural attenuation driven by gradual exhaustion of the fuel particle source, geochemical evolution of groundwater downstream from waste dumps and radionuclide retention in surface soil due to absorption and bio-cycling. Decommissioning of the cooling pond and construction of the ‘New safe confinement’ over Unit 4 (damaged reactor) also favored better protection of groundwater close to the Chernobyl plant site. Data from confined and unconfined aquifers, as well as rivers, evidence low radiological risks from groundwater contamination both outside the CEZ and to onsite “self-settlers”. Though several groundwater contamination “hot spots” remain in the vicinity of Unit 4, “Red Forest” waste trenches and surface water bodies with contaminated bottom sediments, the findings of this study support a monitored natural attenuation approach to groundwater management in the CEZ.
Interpretable predictive model for shield attitude control performance based on XGboost and SHAP
Authors: Hu Min , Zhang Haolan , Wu Bingjian , Li Gang , Zhou Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sudden decline in the attitude control performance is a common abnormal situation during shield tunneling. When the problem happens, the shield driver will have difficulty controlling the shield's attitude, which will cause the shield to deviate from its design axis and affect the quality of the tunnel. The causes behind poor control performance are usually complicated, so how to choose appropriate countermeasures is a challenging problem. Based on the above issues, this paper proposes the Interpretable Predictive Model for Shield attitude Control Performance (IPM_SCP). The model first predicts the current shield control performance through the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) sub-model and then uses the Shapley additive explanation sub-model to interpret the model output. The model was tested on the left-line tunnel of the Hangzhou–Shaoxing railway project in the Ke-Feng section. The results reveal that the model could effectively predict the control performance of the shield and give the most influential parameter and the direction in adjusting the parameter to improve the shield's attitude control performance when the control performance decreases. Therefore, IPM_SCP gives the correct parameter adjustment instructions when the shield’s attitude control performance declines, and eventually improves tunnel construction quality and efficiency.
Compressible unsteady steam flow and heat transport analysis: a numerical investigation
Authors: Hussain Azad , Arsaln Muhammad , Rehman Aysha , Alharbi Fahad M. , Akkurt Nevzat , Eldin Sayed M. , Althobaiti Saad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe unsteady compressible steam laminar flow associated with heat transfer in fluids in a squared cylinder is examined in this work. The current challenge was created utilizing the CFD approach. The laminar flow is chosen with a low Mach number. With the geometric wall, the flow has a no-slip condition. The pressure on the flow is kept at 0 pas, and the temperature in the flow regime is 305.13. A 0.5 m/s velocity is used to start the flow. With the use of graphics, the effects of time on velocity and pressure distributions are discussed. Different outcomes are also mentioned, such as drag coefficients, lift coefficients, and heat distributions. The velocity drops from 2.5 to 1.6 m/s at t = 7 s in the absence of anybody's force and temperature 305.13 K. Pressure increases from 0.00098 to 0.001 Pas in the flow interval of 10 s. Surface temperature increases from 360 to 375 K in time intervals of 10 s keeping pressure constant. And contour temperature increases from 371.56 to 374.2 K in time intervals of 10 s keeping the pressure constant. This information provides us with caution about the emission of steam from the chimneys of furnaces. It implies that when steam flows from a cylindrical geometry like chimneys of furnaces it heats the upper inner and outer parts which may destroy the material. So for safety, that emission should be taken for a short interval of time otherwise it will result in a havoc process. The lift coefficient remains constant and the drag coefficient increases from 0.0005 to 0.065. Under that condition, fluid has to face more resistance. To overcome that difficulty fluid should be provided with high velocity to continue it for a long time. The technique used to solve modeled problems is the Backward Difference Formula.
Breeding and migration performance metrics highlight challenges for White-naped Cranes
Authors: Galtbalt Batbayar , Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag , Sukhbaatar Tuvshintugs , Mirande Claire , Archibald George , Batbayar Nyambayar , Klaassen Marcel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobally, habitat loss has been deemed a major threat to wetland bird populations. However, the underlying mechanism of population declines and variations in the birds’ vulnerability throughout their annual cycle is challenging to determine, yet critical for development of targeted conservation strategies. Over seven years, landscape water availability explained occupancy of breeding territories best when breeding performance, migratory performance, and annual survival of the White-naped Crane (Grus vipio) population in eastern Mongolia were studied. Also, the hatching success of eggs was positively correlated with water availability in addition to plant productivity. High ambient temperatures and large numbers of herder families (and hence more livestock) negatively affected hatching success. High water availability at Luan, a major stopover site increased migration speed during the cranes’ northbound migration to their breeding grounds. In contrast, when water conditions were favorable, the birds stayed longer at the stopover site during southbound migration. Increased human density reduced the use of the stopover site during northbound migration. Finally, cranes arrived early at the breeding grounds when ambient temperature was high in northeast Mongolia. Combining these findings with historical trends in key environmental factors on their breeding grounds explains the general decline observed in this population of cranes in recent decades. Extrapolating our findings with future climate predictions, the outlook seems poor unless urgent action is taken. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying White-naped Crane population decline in eastern Mongolia identified in this paper should improve the effectiveness of these actions.
A taxonomy of Chinese hospitals and application to medical dispute resolutions
Authors: Wang Mengxiao , Zhao Hanqing , Tang Chengxiang , Sun Yu , Liu Gordon G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedical disputes can be viewed as a negative indicator of health care quality and patient satisfaction. However, dispute prevention from the perspective of systematic supervision is unexplored. This study examines hospital clustering based on diagnosis-related group (DRG) indicators and explores the association between hospital clusters and medical disputes. Health administrative data from Sichuan Province in 2017 were used. A twostep cluster analysis was performed to cluster hospitals based on DRG indicators. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between clusters and the incidence/number of medical disputes. The 1660 hospitals were grouped into three DRG clusters: basic (62.5%, n = 1038), diverse (31.0%, n = 515), and lengthy (6.4%, n = 107). After adjusting for covariates, the diverse hospitals were associated with an increased probability of having medical disputes (OR 5.24, 95% CI 2.97–9.26), while the diverse and lengthy hospitals were associated with a greater number of medical disputes (IRR 10.67, 95% CI 6.58–17.32; IRR 4.06, 95% CI 1.22–13.54). Our findings highlighted that the cluster-level performance of hospitals can be monitored. Future studies could examine this relationship using a longitudinal design and explore ways to reduce medical disputes in hospitals.
Gender motivational gap and contribution of different teaching approaches to female students’ motivation to learn physics
Authors: Radulović Branka , Županec Vera , Stojanović Maja , Budić Spomenka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on potential gender differences in motivation to learn Physics with the aim to determine the weakest female motivational components to learn Physics and the contribution of different teaching approaches (using real and virtual experiments) on those components and motivation for learning Physics in general. These two approaches were chosen as the most commonly used approaches in physics but without clear compared indication on females’ motivation. The standardized questionnaire SMTSL (Student’s Motivation towards Science Learning) is used for the measurements. The results show that for female students the weakest motivational components to learn Physics are the importance of Physics as a science and self-efficacy. Virtual experiments contribute more to females’ motivation to learn Physics than applying real experiments. The female students who used real experiments show fear of being laughed at by their male peers and express doubt in their self-knowledge. Although the applied approaches cause some improvements in female students’ self-efficacy, they are not statistically significant. Research results suggest that teachers need to apply such teaching approaches that engage girls and encourage their learning and development in order to improve their self-efficacy and other motivational components.
The use of Andrographis paniculata and its effects on liver biochemistry of patients with gastrointestinal problems in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kaewdech Apichat , Nawalerspanya Siwanon , Assawasuwannakit Suraphon , Chamroonkul Naichaya , Jandee Sawangpong , Sripongpun Pimsiri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare facility supply and access are limited. There was an announcement promoting Andrographis paniculata (ADG) use for treatment of mild COVID-19 patients in Thailand, but misconception of taking for prevention might occur. Moreover, the effect of ADG on liver function test (LFT) has not been established. To study the ADG use and effect on LFT in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) problems, conducted a cross-sectional study including GI patients who voluntarily filled the ADG questionnaire in Aug–Sep 2021. LFT data at that visit and at the prior visit (if available) were obtained. The changes in LFT within the same person were analyzed and compared between patients with and without ADG consumption. During the study period, a total of 810 patients completed the survey, 168 patients (20.7%) took ADG within the past month. LFT data were available in 485 (59.9%) patients, the median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) change compared with the prior visit was higher in the ADG vs control group (+ 2 vs 0, p = 0.029), and 44.5% had increased ALT (> 3 U/L) vs 32.2% in the ADG and control group, respectively (p = 0.018). Factors independently associated with an increased ALT, from a multivariable logistic regression, were ADG exposure (adjusted OR 1.62, p = 0.042), and patients with NAFLD who gained weight (adjusted OR 2.37, p = 0.046). In conclusion, one-fifth of GI patients recently took ADG, even it is not recommended for COVID-19 prevention. Those who took ADG are more likely to experience an increased ALT than who did not. The potential risk of ADG consumption on liver function should be further assessed.
Gene family expansions in Antarctic winged midge as a strategy for adaptation to cold environments
Authors: Kim Heesoo , Kim Han-Woo , Lee Jun Hyuck , Park Joonho , Lee Hyoungseok , Kim Sanghee , Shin Seung Chul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractParochlus steinenii is the only flying insect native to Antarctica. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to cold environments, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of P. steinenii and closely related lineages. In an analysis of gene family evolution, 68 rapidly evolving gene families, involved in the innate immune system, unfolded protein response, DNA packaging, protein folding, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were detected. Some gene families were P. steinenii-specific and showed phylogenetic instability. Acyl-CoA delta desaturase and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) were representative gene families, showing signatures of positive selection with multiple gene duplication events. Acyl-CoA delta desaturases may play pivotal roles in membrane fluidity, and expanded Hsc70 genes may function as chaperones or thermal sensors in cold environments. These findings suggest that multiple gene family expansions contributed to the adaptation of P. steinenii to cold environments.
Oligodendroglia are emerging players in several forms of learning and memory
Authors: Munyeshyaka Maxime , Fields R. Douglas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is the fundamental cellular mechanism of learning and memory, but recent research reveals that myelin-forming glia, oligodendrocytes (OL), are also involved. They contribute in ways that synaptic plasticity cannot, and the findings have not been integrated into the established conceptual framework used in the field of learning and memory. OLs and their progenitors are involved in long-term memory, memory consolidation, working memory, and recall in associative learning. They also contribute to short-term memory and non-associative learning by affecting synaptic transmission, intrinsic excitability of axons, and neural oscillations. Oligodendroglial involvement expands the field beyond synaptic plasticity to system-wide network function, where precise spike time arrival and neural oscillations are critical in information processing, storage, and retrieval.
Loss of E-cadherin is causal to pathologic changes in chronic lung disease
Authors: Ghosh Baishakhi , Loube Jeffrey , Thapa Shreeti , Ryan Hurley , Capodanno Erin , Chen Daniel , Swaby Carter , Chen Si , Mahmud Saborny , Girgis Mirit , Nishida Kristine , Ying Linyan , Chengala Pratulya Pragadaraju , Tieng Ethan , Burnim Michael , Wally Ara , Bhowmik Debarshi , Zaykaner Michael , Yeung-Luk Bonnie , Mitzner Wayne , Biswal Shyam , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpithelial cells line the lung mucosal surface and are the first line of defense against toxic exposures to environmental insults, and their integrity is critical to lung health. An early finding in the lung epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the loss of a key component of the adherens junction protein called E-cadherin. The cause of this decrease is not known and could be due to luminal insults or structural changes in the small airways. Irrespective, it is unknown whether the loss of E-cadherin is a marker or a driver of disease. Here we report that loss of E-cadherin is causal to the development of chronic lung disease. Using cell-type-specific promoters, we find that knockout of E-cadherin in alveolar epithelial type II but not type 1 cells in adult mouse models results in airspace enlargement. Furthermore, the knockout of E-cadherin in airway ciliated cells, but not club cells, increase airway hyperreactivity. We demonstrate that strategies to upregulate E-cadherin rescue monolayer integrity and serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Manipulations of phenylnorbornyl palladium species for multicomponent construction of a bridged polycyclic privileged scaffold
Authors: Yin Lina , Guan Ting , Cheng Jie , Pan Dongchao , Lu Jinyang , Huang Jiahui , Wu Jiaqi , Chen Xiaoli , You Taiyun , Huo Xuting , He Yuting , Pang Jiayun , Hu Qingzhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHexahydromethanocarbazole is a privileged scaffold in the discovery of new drugs and photoactive organic materials due to its good balance between structural complexity and minimized entropy penalty upon receptor binding. To address the difficulty of synthesizing this highly desirable bridged polycyclic scaffold, we designed a convenient multicomponent reaction cascade as intercepted Heck addition/C-H activation/C-palladacycle formation/electrophilic attack of ANP/N-palladacycle formation/Buchwald amination. A distinguishing feature of this sophisticated strategy is the successive generation of two key phenylnorbornyl palladium species to control the reaction flow towards desired products. DFT calculations further reveal the crucial roles of Cs2CO3 and 5,6-diester substitutions on the norbornene reactant in preventing multiple side-reactions. This innovative method exhibits a broad scope with good yields, and therefore will enable the construction of natural-product-like compound libraries based on hexahydromethanocarbazole.
Mafic magma feeds degassing unrest at Vulcano Island, Italy
Authors: Aiuppa Alessandro , Bitetto Marcello , Calabrese Sergio , Delle Donne Dario , Lages Joao , La Monica Francesco Paolo , Chiodini Giovanni , Tamburello Giancarlo , Cotterill Adam , Fulignati Paolo , Gioncada Anna , Liu Emma J. , Moretti Roberto , Pistolesi Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe benign fuming activity of dormant volcanoes is punctuated by phases of escalating degassing activity that, on some occasions, ultimately prelude to eruption. However, understanding the drivers of such unrest is complicated by complex interplay between magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Some of the most comprehensively characterised degassing unrest have recently been observed at La Fossa cone on Vulcano Island, but whether or not these episodes involve new, volatile-rich ascending magma remains debated. Here, we use volcanic gas measurements, in combination with melt inclusion information, to propose that heightened sulphur dioxide flux during the intense fall 2021 La Fossa unrest is sourced by degassing of volatile-rich mafic magma. Calculations using a numerical model indicate observations are consistent with the unrest being triggered by the emplacement of ∼3·106m3of mafic magma at ∼4–5 km depth. Degassing of mafic magma is argued as a recurrent driver of unrest at dormant volcanoes worldwide.
Characterization and modeling of partial-thickness cutaneous injury from debris-simulating kinetic projectiles
Authors: Berkey Christopher A. , Elsafty Omar , Riggs Montanna M. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPartial-thickness cutaneous injuries distributed over exposed body locations, such as the face and extremities, pose a significant risk of infection, function loss, and extensive scarring. These injuries commonly result from impact of kinetic debris from industrial accidents or blast weaponry such as improvised explosive devices. However, the quantitative connections between partial-thickness injuries and debris attributes (kinetic energy, shape, orientation, etc.) remain unknown, with little means to predict damage processes or design protection. Here we quantitatively characterize damage in near-live human skin after impact by debris-simulating kinetic projectiles at differing impact angles and energies. Impact events are monitored using high-speed and quantitative imaging to visualize skin injuries. These findings are utilized to develop a highly predictive, dynamic computational skin-injury model. Results provide quantitative insights revealing how the dermal-epidermal junction controls more severe wound processes. Findings can illuminate expected wound severity and morbidity risks to inform clinical treatment, and assess effectiveness of emerging personal protective equipment.
Retracted: Development of intrusion detection system using machine learning for the analytics of Internet of Things enabled enterprises
Authors: S. Raghavendra , Dhabliya Dharmesh , Mondal Dipannita , Omarov Batyrkhan , Sankaran Krishnan Sakthidasan , Dhablia Anishkumar , Chaudhury Sushovan , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe above article from IET Communications, published online on 28 October 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Interim Editor‐in‐Chief, Jian Ren, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Minimum leader selection for controllability of undirected graphs with leader–follower framework
Authors: Dai Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearchers are paying increased attention to the controllability of undirected networks owing to their broad scope of application. This paper addresses the optimization problem of the minimum set of leaders for the controllability of undirected graphs. Existing results show that this is a challenging problem. It is difficult to find not only its optimal solution but also its approximate algorithm. A new concept is proposed, namely minimal perfect critical set (MPCS), to obtain an optimal solution with high probability from a purely graph‐theoretic perspective. Some properties are presented and based on these theorems, the problem of the minimum set of leaders of two typical self‐similar bipartite networks, namely deterministic scale‐free networks (DSFN) and Cayley trees, is solved completely.
An unsupervised multi‐focus image fusion method based on Transformer and U‐Net
Authors: Jin Xin , Xi Xiuliang , Zhou Ding , Ren Xiaoxuan , Yang Jie , Jiang Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work presents a multi‐focus image fusion method based on Transformer and U‐Net with an unsupervised training fashion. In this work, the authors introduce Transformer into image fusion because it has great ability to capture the global dependencies and low‐frequency features. In image processing, convolutional neural network (CNN) has good performance of detailed feature extraction but a weakness for global feature extraction, and Transformer has limited power in local or detailed information extraction but a strong capacity for global feature extraction. Thus, this work combines the advantages of CNN and Transformer to propose an unsupervised decision map making model for image fusion joint U‐Net. The authors construct a model including feature extraction and feature reconstruction modules which correspond to the encoder and decoder network of U‐Net, respectively. In addition, perceptual loss is introduced on the basis of structural similarity loss because the combination of these two loss functions can achieve better performance with lower training cost. Experiments show that the proposed image fusion method performs better fusion performance compared with the existing methods.