bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating permafrost into climate mitigation and adaptation policy
Authors: Natali Susan M , Bronen Robin , Cochran Patricia , Holdren John P , Rogers Brendan M , Treharne Rachael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Permafrost thaw is drastically altering Arctic lands and creating hazardous conditions for its residents, who are being forced to make difficult and urgent decisions about where and how to live to protect themselves and their lifeways from the impacts of climate change. Permafrost thaw also poses a risk to global climate due to the large pool of organic carbon in permafrost, which, when thawed, can release greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere, exacerbating an already rapidly warming climate. Permafrost thaw has significant implications for adaptation and mitigation policy worldwide. However, it remains almost entirely excluded from policy dialogues at the regional, national, and international levels. Here we discuss current gaps and recommendations for increasing the integration of permafrost science into policy, focusing on three core components: reducing scientific uncertainty; targeting scientific outputs to address climate policy needs; and co-developing just and equitable climate adaptation plans to respond to the hazards of permafrost thaw.
A framework to incorporate spatiotemporal variability of rainfall extremes in summer monsoon declaration in India
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Tiwari Amar Deep , Kumar Rohini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Indian summer monsoon rainfall is a lifeline for agricultural activities and the socio-economic development of more than 1 billion people. All-India averaged summer monsoon rainfall has about 10% variability from its long-term mean. A departure of all-India averaged precipitation within ±10% is declared a normal summer monsoon. Using the long-term (1901–2021) gridded rainfall observations, we highlight the limitations in the current approach to the declaration of the normal summer monsoon, which ignores the role of spatiotemporal variability of rainfall. Dry and wet extremes within the same monsoon season can lead to a normal monsoon. Moreover, different parts of the country face drought and wet extremes, while the summer monsoon can be declared normal. Considering the profound implications of dry and wet extremes on agricultural activities, we propose a novel framework to account for the rainfall variability in the declaration of the summer monsoon. The proposed framework accounts for the temporal variability through a combined severity coverage index, while spatial variability using a clustering approach. Based on the existing framework, we find that 84 years were declared normal in the last 121 years (1901–1921). However, 13 years (out of 84) were not normal based on the new framework due to dry and wet extremes occurring at different times and in different regions. The new framework of summer monsoon declaration can account for the occurrence of extremes and their implications for agriculture and water management.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 8: Half BPS correlators
Authors: Heslop Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Half BPS correlators in

N
=
4

super Yang–Mills theory are key quantities both in the AdS/CFT correspondence as well as in scattering amplitudes research. They are dual at strong coupling to quantum gravity amplitudes. At weak coupling on the other hand they contain all

N
=
4

SYM amplitudes. They have been found to possess a number of hidden symmetries, for example non-trivial permutation symmetry of perturbative four-point integrands and a higher dimensional conformal symmetry. Their study has enjoyed continuous progress since the discovery of AdS/CFT and they are now some of the best understood quantities of any four-dimensional quantum field theory. In this review we outline the current knowledge of half BPS correlators, emphasising these two co-existing relations to scattering amplitudes at strong and weak coupling.
Exact time-dependent dynamics of discrete binary choice models
Authors: Holehouse James , Moran José 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We provide a generic method to find full dynamical solutions to binary decision models with interactions. In these models, agents follow a stochastic evolution where they must choose between two possible choices by taking into account the choices of their peers. We illustrate our method by solving Kirman and Föllmer’s ant recruitment model for any number N of discrete agents and for any choice of parameters, recovering past results found in the limit N → ∞. We then solve extensions of the ant recruitment model for increasing asymmetry between the two choices. Finally, we provide an analytical time-dependent solution to the standard voter model and a semi-analytical solution to the vacillating voter model. Our results show that exact analytical time-dependent solutions can be achieved for discrete choice models without invoking that the number of agents N are continuous or that both choices are symmetric, and additionally show how to practically use the analytics for fast evaluation of the resulting probability distributions.
Problems on the loss of heat: herd instinct versus individual feelings
Authors: Solynin A. 
Published: August 2022

Several problems are discussed concerning steady-state distribution of heat in domains in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

that are complementary to a finite number of balls. The study of these problems was initiated by M. L. Glasser in 1977. Then, in 1978, M. L. Glasser and S. G. Davison presented numerical evidence that the heat flux from two equal balls in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

decreases when the balls move closer to each other. Those authors interpreted this result in terms of the behavioral habits of sleeping armadillos, the closer animals to each other, the less heat they lose. Much later, in 2003, A. Eremenko proved this monotonicity property rigorously and suggested new questions on the heat fluxes.

The goal of this paper is to survey recent developments in this area, provide answers to some open questions, and draw attention to several challenging open problems concerning heat fluxes from configurations consisting of

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

balls in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

.
Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Disparities in Hypertension Control: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Brewster Lizzy M , Tong Jingyu , Yan Lijing L , Moe Jeffrey , Harris Vanessa C , van Montfrans Gert A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Health professionals’ commitment is needed to address disparities in hypertension control by ancestry, but their perceptions regarding these disparities are understudied.

METHODS
Cross-sectional mixed methods study in a universal healthcare setting in the Netherlands. Snowball sampling was used to include professionals practicing in a large multicity conglomerate including the capital city. Online surveys were collected, and survey participants were randomly selected for in-depth interviews. We used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze health professionals’ awareness, beliefs, and possible interventions regarding these disparities.

RESULTS
We analyzed questionnaire data of 77 health professionals (medical doctors n = 70, nurses = 7), whereas 13 were interviewed. Most professionals were women (59%), general practitioners (81%); and White-European (77%), with 79% caring for patients of diverse ancestry. Disparities in hypertension control by ancestry were perceived to exist nationally (83% [95% CI, 75;91]), but less so in health professionals’ own clinics (62% [52;73]), or among their own patients (56% [45;67]). Survey respondents emphasized patient rather than provider-level factors as mediators of poor hypertension control by ancestry. The collection of data on patients’ ancestry, updating guidelines, and professional training were considered helpful to reduce disparities. Interviewees further emphasized patient-level factors, but also the need to better educate health professionals and increase their awareness.

CONCLUSIONS
This explorative study finds that health professionals predominantly attribute disparities in hypertension control to patient-level factors. Awareness of disparities was lower for more proximate healthcare settings. These data emphasize the need to consider health professionals’ perceptions when addressing disparities in hypertension control.
Twenty-Four-Hour Central Hemodynamic Load in Adults With and Without a History of COVID-19
Authors: Heckel Andrew R , Arcidiacono Danielle M , Coonan Kailee A , Glasgow Alaina C , DeBlois Jacob P , Gump Brooks B , Kim Joon Young , Heffernan Kevin S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although hypertension is a risk factor for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, little is known about the effects of COVID-19 on blood pressure (BP). Central BP measures taken over a 24-hour period using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) adds prognostic value in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with brachial BP measures from a single time point. We assessed CVD risk between adults with and without a history of COVID-19 via appraisal of 24-hour brachial and central hemodynamic load from ABPM.

METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis was performed on 32 adults who tested positive for COVID-19 (29 ± 13 years, 22 females) and 43 controls (28 ± 12 years, 26 females). Measures of 24-hour hemodynamic load included brachial and central systolic and diastolic BP, pulse pressure, augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), nocturnal BP dipping, the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), and the blood pressure variability ratio (BPVR).

RESULTS
Participants who tested positive for COVID-19 experienced 6 ± 4 COVID-19 symptoms, were studied 122 ± 123 days after testing positive, and had mild-to-moderate COVID-19 illness. The results from independent samples t-tests showed no significant differences in 24-hour, daytime, or nighttime measures of central or peripheral hemodynamic load across those with and without a history of COVID-19 (P &gt; 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSIONS
No differences in 24-hour brachial or central ABPM measures were detected between adults recovering from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and controls without a history of COVID-19. Adults recovering from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 do not have increased 24-hour central hemodynamic load.
NASMDR: a framework for miRNA-drug resistance prediction using efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphism networks
Authors: Zheng Kai , Zhao Haochen , Zhao Qichang , Wang Bin , Gao Xin , Wang Jianxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a frontier field of individualized therapy, microRNA (miRNA) pharmacogenomics facilitates the understanding of different individual responses to certain drugs and provides a reasonable reference for clinical treatment. However, the known drug resistance-associated miRNAs are not yet sufficient to support precision medicine. Although existing methods are effective, they all focus on modelling miRNA-drug resistance interaction graphs, making their performance bounded by the interaction density. In this study, we propose a framework for miRNA-drug resistance prediction through efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphism networks (NASMDR). NASMDR uses attribute information instead of the commonly used interactive graph information. In the cross-validation experiment, the proposed framework can achieve an AUC of 0.9468 on the ncDR dataset, which is 2.29% higher than the state-of-the-art method. In addition, we propose a novel sequence characterization approach, k-mer Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (KSNMF). The results show that NASMDR provides novel insights for integrating efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphic networks into a unified framework to predict drug resistance-related miRNAs. The codes for NASMDR are available at https://github.com/kaizheng-academic/NASMDR.
The famous Linnean Society meeting: from old errors to new insights
Authors: Partridge Derek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A meeting of the Linnean Society of London held on the evening of 1 July 1858 is famous for being the occasion of the first public announcement of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. This declaration was completed by publication of On the Origin of Species in the following year. The present analysis rebuffs this interpretation, in that the material read and subsequently published did not promote a theory of evolution, let alone the Origin theory. It did promote natural selection, a theory of organic change; however, a theory of evolution requires, in addition, a theory of how both the organic and physical components of the world behave and interact (i.e. a world-view theory). A first announcement of a theory of evolution also requires some promotion of the likelihood that new species will result. The Origin world view and species transmutation as an outcome are both largely absent from the contributions. Hence, Bell’s much maligned Presidential address might need re-assessment. Curiously, the published title almost denies species transmutation. The present paper undertakes detailed inspection of this meeting; it supports a re-assessment of its customary interpretation in the history of biological science.
Surgical controversies and current concepts in Lisfranc injuries
Authors: Ahluwalia Raju , Yip Grace , Richter Martinus , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Lisfranc injuries, not as rare as previously reported, range from ligamentous to complex fracture-dislocations. Anatomical studies have identified a complex of discrete structures, and defined the anatomical characteristics of the Lisfranc joint.

Sources of data
A narrative evidence-based review encompassed and analyzed published systematic reviews. Outcomes included clinical and surgical decision-making, including clinical-presentation, diagnosis, pathological-assessment, surgical-management techniques and indications, post-surgical care and comparative outcomes.

Areas of agreement
Better understanding of the Lisfranc complex anatomy aids surgical treatment and tactics. Prognosis is related to injury severity, estimated by the number of foot columns affected. Surgical outcome is determined by anatomical reduction for most fixation and fusion techniques. Appropriate treatment allows return to sport, improving outcome scores.

Areas of controversy
Identification of Lisfranc injuries may be improved by imaging modalities such as weight-bearing computer tomography. Recent evidence supports dorsal plate fixation as a result of better quality of reduction. In complex injuries, the use of combined techniques such as trans-articular screw and plate fixation has been associated with poorer outcomes, and fusion may instead offer greater benefits.

Growing points
Open reduction is mandatory if closed reduction fails, highlighting the importance of understanding surgical anatomy. If anatomical reduction is achieved, acute arthrodesis is a safe alternative to open reduction internal fixation in selected patients, as demonstrated by comparable outcomes in subgroup analysis.

Areas for developing research
The current controversies in surgical treatment remain around techniques and outcomes, as randomized controlled trials are infrequent.
Identifying platelet-derived factors as amplifiers ofB. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production
Authors: Kerstholt Mariska , van de Schoor Freek R , Oosting Marije , Moorlag Simone J C F M , Li Yang , Jaeger Martin , van der Heijden Wouter A , Tunjungputri Rahajeng N , dos Santos Jéssica C , Kischkel Brenda , Vrijmoeth Hedwig D , Baarsma M E , Kullberg Bart-Jan , Lupse Mihaela , Hovius Joppe W , van den Wijngaard Cees C , Netea Mihai G , de Mast Quirijn , Joosten Leo A B 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that monocytes can be ‘trained’ or tolerized by certain stimuli to respond stronger or weaker to a secondary stimulation. Rewiring of glucose metabolism was found to be important in inducing this phenotype. As we previously found that Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), alters glucose metabolism in monocytes, we hypothesized that this may also induce long-term changes in innate immune responses. We found that exposure to B. burgdorferi decreased cytokine production in response to the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, B. burgdorferi exposure decreased baseline levels of glycolysis, as assessed by lactate production. Using GWAS analysis, we identified a gene, microfibril-associated protein 3-like (MFAP3L) as a factor influencing lactate production after B. burgdorferi exposure. Validation experiments proved that MFAP3L affects lactate- and cytokine production following B. burgdorferi stimulation. This is mediated by functions of MFAP3L, which includes activating ERK2 and through activation of platelet degranulation. Moreover, we showed that platelets and platelet-derived factors play important roles in B. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production. Certain platelet-derived factors, such chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 7 (CXCL7) and (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), were elevated in the circulation of LB patients in comparison to healthy individuals.
Doctor trustworthiness influences pain and its neural correlates in virtual medical interactions
Authors: Anderson Steven R , Gianola Morgan , Medina Natalia A , Perry Jenna M , Wager Tor D , Losin Elizabeth A Reynolds 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrust is an important component of the doctor-patient relationship and is associated with improved patient satisfaction and health outcomes. Previously, we reported that patient feelings of trust and similarity toward their clinician predicted reductions in evoked pain in response to painful heat stimulations. In the present study, we investigated the brain mechanisms underlying this effect. We used face stimuli previously developed using a data-driven computational modeling approach that differ in perceived trustworthiness and superimposed them on bodies dressed in doctors' attire. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants (n = 42) underwent a series of virtual medical interactions with these doctors during which they received painful heat stimulation as an analogue of a painful diagnostic procedure. Participants reported increased pain when receiving painful heat stimulations from low-trust doctors, which was accompanied by increased activity in pain-related brain regions and a multivariate pain-predictive neuromarker. Findings suggest that patient trust in their doctor may have tangible impacts on pain and point to a potential brain basis for trust-related reductions in pain through the modulation of brain circuitry associated with the sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational dimensions of pain.
Revisiting Proportionality in Investment Arbitration: Theory, Methodology, and Interpretation
Authors: Qian Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The increasing tensions between a government’s right to regulate and investment protection are fueling the constantly increasing number of international environmental disputes and human rights disputes, in particular with respect to renewable energies, water services, and waste management. As a result, investor-State arbitration is facing greater criticism than ever before because of its potential to contradict international environmental agreements and international human rights agreements. Concerns about State sovereignty are on the rise; particularly the perception that investment tribunals have failed to strike a proper balance between investors’ economic interests and general interests of host States to further their environmental policies and interests. Against this background, this Article investigates the methodological justification for the application of proportionality analysis while discussing potential channels in investment law to crystallize such application which would have deep practical ramifications for the global energy market. At a more conceptual level, this Article proposes an alternative viewpoint in understanding constitutionalization of international investment law and argues proportionality is indispensable discourse in investor-State arbitration.
Survival of Patient With Hemorrhagic Meningitis Associated With Inhalation Anthrax
Authors: Lombarte Espinosa Evelyn , Villuendas Usón María Cruz , Arribas García Jorge , Jado García Isabel , Huarte Lacunza Rafael , Zárate Chug Paola , Claraco Vega Luis Manuel , Jesús Santed Andrés María , Ríos María Jiménez , Cook Rachel , Simard J Marc , Boyer Anne E , Rezusta Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This report describes a 49-year-old male construction worker who acquired a Bacillus anthracis infection after working on a sheep farm. He experienced a severe respiratory infection, septic shock, and hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis with severe intracranial hypertension. After several weeks with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, he responded favorably to antibiotic treatment. Three weeks into his hospitalization, an intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema led to an abrupt deterioration in his neurological status. A single dose of raxibacumab was added to his antimicrobial regimen on hospital day 27. His overall status, both clinical and radiographic, improved within a few days. He was discharged 2 months after admission and appears to have fully recovered.
Long-Acting Formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Infection: Strategic Leveraging and Integration of Multidisciplinary Knowledge to Advance Public Health
Authors: Arya Vikram , Hodowanec Aimee C , Troy Stephanie B , Struble Kimberly A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The landscape for the development of therapeutics for prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has pivoted towards long-acting antiretrovirals (LA-ARVs). LA-ARVs have the potential to transform global implementation of HIV-1 prevention and treatment strategies. The ability to identify potential knowledge gaps early in development, proactively address missing information or data gaps, and strategically leverage all the available information is the key to streamline the development of safe and effective LA-ARV therapeutics. The purpose of this article is to discuss some potential considerations for development of LA-ARVs. Three possible drug development scenarios are briefly discussed and include developing (1) a novel LA-ARV, (2) a novel LA formulation of an approved oral ARV, and (3) an LA pro-drug of an approved oral ARV. For each of these scenarios, we briefly describe what type(s) of information may be helpful and discuss potential opportunities to leverage available information. Additionally, we discuss some unique LA-ARV drug development considerations, including the use of an oral lead-in, and assessing the impact of residual ARV exposures on subsequent regimens and evaluation of LA-ARVs in specific populations. We strongly believe that efficient integration of multidisciplinary knowledge can advance the development, availability, and accessibility of therapeutics not only for HIV-1 prevention and treatment but also for other chronic viral infections.