bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Assumption of Tess’ Happy Ending as Seen in Tess of The D’ubervilles by Thomas Hardy
Authors: Yusuf Feby Meuthia , Zahari Ena 
Published: January 2022

The object of this research is the struggle of women as reflected by the main character Hardy, namely Tess. The author intends to show how the picture of a woman who never gives up to get a decent life, even though in the end she chose the wrong decision and ended her own life.
The approach used in the analysis of women's struggles is a feminist approach, this is intended to provide an ideal view of women in literary works that are the object of male domination. In this research, the writer uses three methods: data collection by applying library research, data analysis using content analysis method that emphasizes the implied and explicit meaning in the fictional character of the literary work, and data representation by compiling the data obtained in systematic writing, namely thesis.
The author sees that the character of Tess, as a woman who never gives up in her life. He had made several fatal mistakes which later brought misery and his own end. If only Tess hadn't made that mistake her life would have been for the better. First, if Tess hadn't told her she'd been raped then Angel wouldn't have left her. Second, if Tess didn't reject Angel's intention to return then she would live happily with her husband. Third, if Tess hadn't killed Alec, then she wouldn't have been sentenced to death and could live her life with her husband Angel.
التّداخل في كفّارات قتل الخطأ
Authors: الجنيد عبدالرحمن , العيساوي إسماعيل 
Published: January 2022

يتناول هذا البحث قضيّة: «التّداخل في كفّارات قتل الخطأ»، حال ارتكاب فعل واحد يؤدّي إلى زهوق أكثر من نفس معصومة، وكفاية كفّارة واحدة عن ذلك، وذلك من خلال تعريف كلٍّ من التّداخل، والكفّارات، وقتل الخطأ، وكذا تجزّؤ الكفّارة، بالإضافة إلى تصوير المسألة وبيان سبب الخلاف فيها.
ثمّ بيان ما يمكن أن يوجد التّداخل فيه حال: «اتّحاد القاتل وتعدّد المقتول»، وتداخل الكفّارة حال «تعدّد القاتل والمقتول»، وبيان أقوال الفقهاء فيهما مع ذكر الرّدود والمناقشات.
وقد بُحث ضمن حالة «تعدّد القاتل والمقتول»: مسألة تجزّؤ الكفّارة في حال ما إذا «تعدّد القاتل واتّحد المقتول» لما لها من ارتباط وثيق بها، ورفعاً للّبس الّذي حصل بين التّجزّؤ والتّداخل.
وبعد استيفاء جوانب المسألة، تم التّطرق إلى تصحيح نسبة القول بالتّداخل في كفّارات القتل إلى بعض المذاهب والفقهاء من بعض الفقهاء المعاصرين، لا سيّما وأنّه لم يتم الاعتماد على تلك النسبة خلال عرض المسألة.
وتمّ التّوصل في نتائج البحث إلى: أنّه لا يوجد نصّ صريح ولا إجماع في هذه المسألة، وأنّ الأدلّة فيها محتملة؛ نقليّة كانت أو قياسيّة، وأنّ السّبب الرئيس للخلاف فيها هو تحديد موجب الكفّارة، وأنّ القول بتداخل الكفّارات مؤيّد بقاعدة التّيسير ورفع الحرج والمشقّة عن المخطئ حال وقوع الحوادث التي يقتل فيها العدد الكثير من الأنفس.
صناديق الاستثمار المشترك العقاري دراسة مقارنة في الفقه والقانون الإماراتي
Authors: الغنانيم قذافي , الأنيس محمد نورالدين 
Published: January 2022

إن صناديق الاستثمار العقاري من الأدوات الاستثمارية حديثة الظهور، شديدة الأهمية، سريعة الانتشار في الدول العربية، تتميز بعملياتها الاستثمارية التي تتخذ الاستثمار المباشر وغير المباشر للعقار أساساً لها، كما تتميز بإدارتها الاحترافية، وباستثماراتها المتعددة، مما يساعد على تقليل نسبة الأخطار التي تتعرض لها الاستثمارات عادة.
بالإضافة إلى أن سعة نطاق الاستثمار فيها أدى إلى استقطاب أصحاب رؤوس الأموال الصغيرة والكبيرة على حد سواء، فقامت بتحويل المدخرين في البنوك إلى مستثمرين، وأدخلت صغار المستثمرين إلى السوق العقارية، وقامت بتحريك سوق العقارات، كما ساعدت على حل عديد من المشكلات: كمشكلة البطالة، وركود السوق العقاري.
وقد تطرَّق هذا البحث إلى بيان مفهوم صناديق الاستثمار العقاري ووضع تعريف مناسب لها، وبيان نشأتها، وتصنيفها، وأطرافها وأحكام العمليات الاستثمارية الأصلية لهذه الصناديق، عن طريق شرح القرار الصادر عن هيئة الأسواق المالية والسلع الإماراتية بشأن ضوابط الاستثمار في صناديق الاستثمار العقاري، وتوصل إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: إيجاد تعريف لصناديق الاستثمار العقاري، وبيان أنواع العمليات الاستثمارية التي يجوز لها الدخول فيها شرعا وقانونا.
تراجم ابن حبان(ت354ه) تنوع وابتكار
Authors: خردمند رقية , الزعبي محمد 
Published: January 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة تنوع تراجم صحيح ابن حبان، بنوعيها: تراجم الأنواع، وتراجم الأحاديث، وإبراز الجانب الابتكاري، مع إظهار ما تميزت به صياغة هذه التراجم، وفق المنهج الاستقرائي بتتبع التراجم والأحاديث، والتحليلي في معرفة الرابط بين الترجمة والحديث، ومعرفة نوع الترجمة، والاستنباطي في تصنيف التراجم.
وكان من أبرز نتائج هذا البحث:
أن تراجم الأنواع في صحيح ابن حبان يغلب عليها الطول والصياغة الأصولية، كما جمعت تراجم الأحاديث كثيرًا من علوم السند والمتن، وغلب عليها الوضوح والظهور، وخلت من التراجم المرسلة والمفردة والاستفهامية.
الوصية بالمنافع والحقوق "حق التأليف أنموذجًا" دراسة فقهية مقارنة بالقانون الإماراتي
Authors: كعيد ظلال , العيساوي إسماعيل 
Published: January 2022

تبغي هذه الدراسة كشف اللثام عن مسألة معاصرة وهي الوصية بحق التأليف، من خلال الوقوف على طبيعة عقد الوصية، والأصل الفقهي الذي تبنى عليه المسألة موضوع البحث وهو الوصية بالمنافع والحقوق؛ ذلك أن حق التأليف معدود عند المعاصرين من جملة المنافع والحقوق المستجدة، والوقوف على أهم الأحكام المتعلقة بالوصية بهذا الحق، من حيث كيفية حسابه من ثلث التركة، وكون الوصية به تقع مؤقتة أو مؤبدة.
كما يهدف البحث إلى بيان رأي القانون الإماراتي، ومدى اعتماده في التشريع على الآراء الفقهية فيما يخص موضوع البحث.
وقد اتبعنا فيه المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وجعلنا الدراسة بعد المقدمة في تمهيد ومبحثين، أما التمهيد ففي شرح المفردات الأساسية في البحث، وأما المبحث الأول ففي الوصية بالمنافع وأحكامها، بينما تضمن المبحث الثاني دراسة لأحكام الوصية بحق التأليف، ثم خاتمة بالنتائج التي توصلَت إليها الدراسة، وكان من أبرزها:
أن حق التأليف منفعة متقوّمة شرعًا، وتنطبق عليه ضوابط المالية التي حددها الفقهاء، لذا فهو مال معتبر شرعًا، تصح الوصية به؛ لتحقُّقِ شروط الموصى به فيه، وهي داخلة في عموم ما يترك الإنسان من الخير والمعروف.
الفرق بين الرياء والتشريك في العبادات
Authors: عويجان شذى 
Published: January 2022

إن اللَّه لا يقبل من العباد إلا ما كان خالصًا لوجهه الكريم وموافقاً للسنة المطهرة؛ لذلك حرم الرياء وشدد في عقوبته وحثَّ على وجوب الإخلاص في الأعمال، ولأن مدار الأعمال على النيات، كانت شرطاً أساسيَّاً في العمل، ومَحلُّها القلب، فمن قصد بعمله الرياء أَثِمَ، ومن قصد بعمله التشريك غَنِمَ، والفرق خطير بين الأمرين.
لذلك يبين البحث الفرق بين الرياء والتشريك من حيث الحكم والدليل في العبادات؛ ليصل إلى أثرهما في العبادات، فإن كان رياء اتسم بوصف الشرك الأصغر والعياذ بالله، وإن كان تشريكاً ربح المكلف بعمل واحد أجر عملين اثنين إن نوى ذلك.
الصحابة الذين تفرَّد أبو داود بالرواية لهم من بين الستة وليس لهم في سننه سوى حديث واحد دراسة استقرائية
Authors: توفيق اّية , الخلف عواد 
Published: January 2022

يهدف البحث إلى جمع الصحابة الذين لم يروِ لهم أبو داود في سننه سوى حديث واحد وليس لهم رواية عند باقي أًصحاب الكتب الستة، مع ذكر مواضع تراجمهم في كتاب (الإصابة) لابن حجر، ومواضع أحاديثهم في سنن أبي داود، والتعليق بما يؤكد انفراد الصحابي بحديث واحد في الكتب الستة والمذكور عند أبي داود فحسب.
ويعد موضوع البحث نوعًا من أنواع اللطائف الإسنادية، وقد ذكره عدد من الأئمة المتقدمين والمتأخرين في طيات شروحهم، إلا أنه لم يسبق أحد إلى جمع من يندرج تحت هذا النوع من اللطائف من الصحابة المخرَّج لهم في سنن أبي داود، سوى إشارات يسيرة متفرقة لا يتجاوز عددها أصابع اليد الواحدة، وقد بلغ مجموع الصحابة الذين هم على شرط البحث: اثنان وستون (62) صحابيًّا، منهم من لم يروِ عن النبي ﷺ إلا الحديث الواحد الذي أخرجه له أبو داود، ومنهم من روى عدة روايات إلا أنه ليس له في الكتب الستة سوى ما أخرجه له أبو داود، وهناك من ذُكر أنه من أصحاب الحديث الواحد وتبين أن له أكثر من حديث.
Pelatihan Pengelolaan Keuangan Rumah Tangga Bagi Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga Di Cengkareng Barat Wilayah Jakarta Barat
Authors: Hariani Swarmilah , Yustikasari Yulia , Akbar Taufik 
Published: January 2022

This activity aims to increase understanding and knowledge of housewives in calculating and recording the receipt and expenditure of household cash properly so that expenses do not occur greater than income. So that the family's financial condition is always sufficient and has savings/investment for future needs so that welfare is realized for the family. The method used in this activity is in the form of training or short household financial management training using the financial management module. Participants are given training with activities using the classical method of giving material and followed by question and answer sessions and exercises/practices; the provision of working papers filled in accordance with the real conditions of the participant. Participants in the activity are housewives who do not work, housewives who work, and housewives who have their own business with an average educational background through high school, as well as the economic background of middle and lower families can attend training well and enthusiastically.
Keyword: Household financial management, family welfare
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON CLASS AND UNIT SHIFT FOUND IN MOVIE SUBTITLE: BLACK PANTHER
Authors: Nurhadi Pardian Arif , Hasan Diana Chitra , Thamrin Temmy 
Published: January 2022

In this research, the writer attempts to find out forms of unit shift and class shift which are part of category shift in translation. The writer also tries to determine how each type can achieve equivalent meaning by considering movie translation principles. This analysis is conducted by using the qualitative method. The source of data of this research is the sentences or utterances from the Black Panther movie which is displayed by subtitles in both English and Indonesia. The data were collected by watching the movie with Indonesian subtitles and English as well which have been categorized and analyzed using Category shift theory by Catford and equivalent meaning theory which also analyzed based on movie translation principles. The writer figures out that forms of the unit shift are phrase, word and in the class shift there are verb, noun, adjective, and adverb. The equivalent in meaning of each data is achieved with different degrees such as complete meaning, increased meaning, and decreased meaning which are related to the principles of movie translation. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the types of unit shift and class shift are varied used by the translators which are still acceptable due to the consideration about achieving the equivalent in meaning for TL audiences.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF FOREST-STEPPE POPULATION OF THE LEFT-BANK OF THE DNIEPERLAND DURING THE CLASSICAL SCYTHIA (the 2nd half of 6th—4th/3rd century BC)
Authors: Burghardt M. 
Published: January 2022

The main goal of the article was to present a new method of analysing and interpreting the role of selected aspects of funerary rites in reconstructing the social structure of the inhabitants of the forest-steppe areas of the left-bank Dnieperland between the 2nd half of the 6th and 4th/3rd century BC. The source database for this paper consists of 247 grave complexes. In the first stage of research, an attempt was made to determine which elements of the mortuary practices could be regarded as a reliable source for social analysis. The evaluation was based on the previous publications on the matter, historic sources (The Histories of Herodotus), and new observations concerning funerary customs of the analysed societies. It was concluded that the most reliable indicator of the position of a deceased in a social hierarchy is the amount of effort (energy expenditure) devoted by mourners to build a grave structure and organize funeral ceremonies. The the amount of work needed to construct a funerary complex can be deduced from the size and complexity of a grave and a burial mound, as well as «richness» and diversity of grave goods. In some cases, presence, or absence, of selected mortuary practices (such as accompanying horse and human burials) could also be useful. The aim of the second stage of the analysis was to propose a new classification of the funerary complexes of the studied communities. The method of systematization was based on a theoretical framework of the processual archaeology and review of written historical sources. Grave complexes were classified using statistical methods (multivariate data analysis). The evaluations resulted in identifying various classes of graves, which can be assigned to individuals occupying a specific place in social structure. One of the most important characteristics of the obtained classification of grave complexes is its hierarchical organization — the subsequent classes could be characterized by decreasing energy expenditure devoted to constructing a grave, and increasingly «poorer» grave goods.
AMPHORA FROM CHORTOMLYK BARROW AND PECTORAL FROM TOVSTA MOHYLA: THE GENERAL AND THE PECULIAR (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW AND NEW OBSERVATIONS)
Authors: Babenko L. I. 
Published: January 2022

The comparison of the masterpieces of the Greek-Scythian toreutics — the silver amphora from Chortomlyk and the gold Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla became the set tradition from the moment of the pectoral discovery. Both objects have a range of distinct common traits, such as composition tripartite structure with plot identical in contents — scenes of nomadic daily routine, represented by miniature high relief figures of the characters, scenes of animal combat, and also the zones of floral ornament, enlivened by birds’ figures and many other nuances.
The researchers compared the amphora and the pectoral in different contexts. A. P. Mantsevich saw in them, first of all, handiwork of Thracian craftsmen. Many researchers interpreted the compositions of amphora and pectoral as reflection of cosmogonic idea about tripartite Universe structure where the scenes of animal combat were associated with the day of vernal equinox and the idea of the cyclicality of seasons, the floral composition — with the World Tree symbolic, and the horse riding — with ritualistic sacrifice during a coronation or burial of king (E. E. Kuzmina, B. M. Mozolevskyi, D. S. Raevskii).
Ann Farkas interpreted the plots on amphora and pectoral as cosmogonic act of creation, S. S. Bessonova saw in them the elements of cattle-breeding rituals, connected with calendar holidays. D. A. Machinski associated both handiworks with the cult of the Great Goddess, and F. R. Balonov considered the amphora and the pectoral compositions the model of mythopoetic space — the time.
The researchers also didn’t reach common ground on the handiwork authorship — part of them consider the amphora and pectoral originated from the one workshop (W. Rudolph, D. Williams, F. R. Balonov), and some believed that both objects origin from different workshops (E. A. Savostina).
Several more observations can be added to this similarity — in the context of using some or other beverages in the represented rituals, the compositional nuances of the ornithomorhic bestiary, numeric symbolism, etc. So, the comparison of two masterpieces in different contexts remains a promising direction of their study.
SCYTHIAN SWORD FROM SLOVIANSK. RESTORATION AND DESCRIPTION
Authors: Kyrkach V. A. 
Published: January 2022

Despite the fact that Scythian weapons are quite typical, well studied and there is a large number of published samples, each new artifact becomes an interesting model for scientists and museum workers.
That is why the sword this paper is focused on has received considerable attention from researchers, museum workers and restorers.
This article describes the sword before its restoration. The sword has a zoomorphic volute-like top with «eyes» at the base. There is a beak or claws in the broken contours of the volutes. There are two grooves on the rectangular handle, as well as transverse relief lines. At a somewhat asymmetrical triangular intersection there is a notch in the base. The triangular blade also has five narrow lengthwise grooves. Its length was 73.5 cm. The blade is incomplete so that the initial length can be assumed to be about 80 cm. The entire surface of the sword is covered with corrosion layers of different intensity.
The article provides a step-by-step description of the study and restoration of the sword. An X-ray examination conducted at the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine resulted with radioscopic and radiographic images of the sword.
The restoration of the sword was carried out by the artist-restorer of metal works Victor Holub, who also fulfilled a professional inspection of the subject, reconservation, consolidation of certain areas of the sword. These works continued the conservation of the sword in 2017. But after two years of exposure (since 2018), the sword began to get damaged again. Therefore, all cracks were again treated with an acidified solution based on tannin. Processing was done in several steps with 6 hours intervals. After that, all treated areas were impregnated with a polymer solution. The surface of the sword was covered with a layer of preservative. Cracks and some parts of the sword were also masticated.
The article also provides recommendations for further correct storage of the sword including a stable temperature-humidity regime (18—20 °C, and humidity not more than 20 %) and protection against mechanical influences as well as some recommendations for materials for showcases to exhibit the sword.
Penerapan Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di SMP Se-Kabupaten Ngawi
Authors: Dimas Arifian 
Published: January 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak secara signifikan pada kegiatan pembelajaran guru dan peserta didik disekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran IPA berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di SMP Se-Kabupaten Ngawi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah siswa SMP se-Kabupaten Ngawi. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah siswa dari 5 sekolah diantaranya siswa SMP Negeri 3 Ngawi ,SMP Negeri 2 Ngawi, SMP Negeri 5 Ngawi, SMP Negeri 1 Kedunggalar, SMP Negeri 1 Karangjati, SMP Negeri 2 Paron. Instrumen Penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi pembelajaran, lembar wawancara, dan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penerapan pembelajaran berbasis saintifik tidak terlaksana dengan maksimal dimasa pandemi COVID-19.
Hirshfeld surface analysis and quantum chemical study of molecular structure of phosphate
Authors: Rafik A. , Zouihri H. , Guedira T. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. In this present study, Density fuctional theoretical computations are performed at (B3LYP, PBEPBE), HF and MP2 level with 3-21G basis sets to derive optimized geometry and bonding features. The calculated geometrical parameters have been compared with experimental data. The intermolecular O–H…O and N–H…O hydrogen bonds are involved in crystal structure stabilization. An intramolecular O–H…N hydrogen bond is observed between the phosphate OH group and the N atom. Further, the molecular Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to reveal the nature of intermolecular contacts and the fingerprint plot provides the information about the percentage contribution and reveals that the O…H (44.1%) interactions have the major contribution to form the crystal. The Mulliken population analysis and the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps show that the molecule has a good stability and from the calculation, we conclude that the molecule is really hard materials.

KEY WORDS: Energy gaps, Hydrogen bonds, Hirshfeld surface, Mulliken population, Phosphate

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 625-638.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.13
The potential of Mimosa pudica L as an α- glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant agent
Authors: Afham Muhamad , Teruna Hilwan Yuda , Hendra Rudi 
Published: January 2022

Background: The putri malu plant (Mimosa pudica L.) is a South American and Central American native widely distributed throughout Indonesia. Indonesians utilise this plant as a herbal treatment to treat various ailments, including insomnia, acute eye inflammation, stone pee, fever, worms, bronchitis, and herpes.

Objectives: This plant was studied for its antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water extracts.

Method: The aerial part of the plant was extracted with methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate to obtain n-hexane (EHMP) dichloromethane (EDMP), ethyl acetate (EEMP), and water (EAMP) extracts. All extracts were analysed for their α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidants with the free radical scavenging activity method using DPPH.

Results: EAMP showed antidiabetic activity with inhibition of 69.9% at a concentration of 500 ppm, and other extracts showed no α-glucosidase inhibition activity. For antioxidant activity, EDMP, EEMP, and EAMP showed relatively high activity with IC50 consecutively 77.4 ppm, 26.9 ppm, and 81.4 ppm, while EHMP had a reasonably low activity with IC50 635.6 ppm.

Conclusion: The study results showed that M. pudica has considerable potential as a source of antidiabetics and natural antioxidants, so it is necessary to isolate secondary metabolites from the species.
Lodovico Dolce nella storia delle idee femministe
Authors: Boubara Ada 
Published: January 2022

Ludovico Dolce (1508/1510-1568), umanista e studioso del Cinquecento, fu tra gli intellettuali che parteciparono alla Querelle des Femmes durante il periodo rinascimentale. Proprio in questo ambito si colloca il suo trattato Dialogo di M. Lodovico Dolce della institution delle donne secondo li tre stati che cadono nella vita humana. L’obiettivo dell’articolo consiste nell’esaminare ed evidenziare le idee di Dolce sulla ‛‛institution della maritataʼʼ esposte nel secondo libro del Dialogo, presentare il profilo femminile proposto e le virtù di cui deve essere dotata una donna coniugata nella società del 16° secolo.
Large traumatic middle cerebral artery aneurysm in a Child: case report and review of literature
Authors: Silva Neto Angelo , Alves Felipe Augusto Silva , Dantas Madson Caio Santos , Lima Felipe Roham Vasconselo , da Cunha Gabriel Guedes , Moura Fernando Antônio de Araújo 
Published: January 2022

A 6-year-old girl presented with a very large aneurysm of the distal branch of middle cerebral artery( angular artery). There was a previous history of mild traumatic brain injury. The presentation happened more than 5 weeks after the trauma with an atypical visual complaint. She was successfully treated by embolization and occlusion of the parental vessel. Recognizing pos traumatic aneurysm is a challenging in young child and must be remembered in patients with a recent traumatic event. Endovascular treatment is a good option when the occlusion of the artery is possible in the presence of a good collateral circulation.

Key-words: Dissecting aneurysm; middle cerebral artery; endovascular; pediatric aneurysms