bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from synthetic data for reference‐free Nyquist ghost correction and parallel imaging reconstruction of echo planar imaging
Authors: Dai Lixing , Yang Qinqin , Lin Jianzhong , Zhou Zihan , Zhang Pujie , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong , Wu Zhigang , Kang Taishan , Cai Congbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEcho planar imaging (EPI) suffers from Nyquist ghost caused by eddy currents and other non‐ideal factors. Deep learning has received interest for EPI ghost correction. However, large datasets with qualified labels are usually unavailable, especially for the under‐sampled EPI data due to the imperfection of traditional ghost correction algorithms.PurposeTo develop a multi‐coil synthetic‐data‐based deep learning method for the Nyquist ghost correction and reconstruction of under‐sampled EPI.MethodsOur network is trained purely with synthetic data. The labels of the training samples are generated by combining a public magnetic resonance imaging dataset and a few pre‐collected coil sensitivity maps. The input is synthesized by under‐sampling (for the accelerated case) and adding phase errors between the even and odd echoes of the label. To bridge the gap between synthetic data and data from real acquisition, linear and non‐linear 2D phase errors are considered during the training data generation.ResultsThe proposed method outperformed the existing mainstream approaches in several experiments. The average ghost‐to‐signal ratios of our/3‐line navigator‐based methods were 0.51%/5.36% and 0.42%/8.64% in fully‐sampled and under‐sampled in vivo experiments, respectively. In the sagittal experiments, our method successfully corrected higher‐order and 2D phase errors. Our method also outperformed other reference‐based methods on motion‐corrupted data. In the simulation experiments, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratios were 37.6/38.3 dB for 2D linear/non‐linear simulated phase errors, indicating that our method was consistently reliable for different kinds of phase errors.ConclusionOur method achieves superb ghost correction and parallel imaging reconstruction without any calibration information, and can be readily adapted to other EPI‐based applications.
A UK survey evaluation of First Contact Practitioners' and musculoskeletal physiotherapists' confidence, recognition, and referral of suspected axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Steen Eliza , McCrum Carol , Cairns Melinda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAxial Spondyloarthritis is an inflammatory disease associated with significant diagnostic delays. Steen et al. (2021) found inadequate consideration of axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in physiotherapists back pain assessments. Since the previous survey, increased professional education on axSpA has occurred and First Contact Practitioners (FCPs), now widely established in General Practice, are key in supporting earlier recognition.Objectives(1) To re‐evaluate physiotherapists' and evaluate FCPs' awareness, knowledge, and confidence in screening for and recognising features of axSpA and criteria prompting referral to rheumatology. (2) To compare these results to previous research (Steen et al., 2021).DesignAs per Steen et al. (2021), an online survey was undertaken combining back pain vignettes (reflecting axSpA, non‐specific low back pain [NSLBP] and radicular syndrome) and questioning on features of suspected axSpA.Results165 surveys were analysed. Only 73% (n = 120/165) of respondents recognised the axSpA vignette compared to NSLBP 91% (n = 80/88) and radicular syndrome 88% (n = 68/77). An improvement in axSpA recognition was demonstrated compared with previous data. FCPs performed slightly better with 77% (n = 67/87) of respondents recognising the axSpA vignette. Adequate awareness of national referral guidance was evident in only 55% of ‘clinical reasoning’ and 6% of ‘further subjective screening’ responses. There was still misplaced confidence in recognising clinical features of axSpA compared to knowledge levels shown, including high importance given to inflammatory markers.Conclusion(s)Musculoskeletal physiotherapists demonstrate some improved knowledge and awareness of axSpA compared with previous study findings. Consideration of axSpA is still not universal in musculoskeletal physiotherapists' or FCPs' approaches to persistent back pain assessments and awareness of national referral guidance remains limited. This study highlights the continued need for professional education. Enhanced knowledge of screening and referral criteria in musculoskeletal clinical practice would support earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
Associations between frailty, sociodemographic characteristics and quality‐of‐life among community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xu Lijuan , Lan Xuefen , Lou Yan , Engström Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the quality‐of‐life among community‐dwelling older adults in China and to examine the associations between frailty, sociodemographic characteristics and quality‐of‐life.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational study was adopted.MethodsQuestionnaire study of 311 community‐dwelling older adults using the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and FRAIL scale.ResultsHighest quality‐of‐life was found for the physical symptoms factor and the lowest for quality of everyday activities/fun. Frailty was associated with total quality‐of‐life and the physical symptoms and sickness impact factors. For total quality‐of‐life, the odds of being in the group with a median score or more decreased for frail older people (OR 0.30) versus non‐frail and increased for those with medical insurance from employer versus basic (OR 2.30) and those doing exercise ≥30 min 3 days/week or more versus less (OR 2.12). Registered nurses caring for community‐dwelling older adults should screen for and prevent frailty and encourage exercise to improve their quality‐of‐life.
The effect of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate content on flexible polyurethane's microstructure, water, and mechanical properties
Authors: Fawzi Tarek , Al‐Talib Ammar A. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is well known that blowing agents (BAs) and polyol are essential components in polyurethane (PU) composition. Utilizing renewable sources in the material's formulation might reduce its environmental hazards while extending its possible engineering applications. In this study, the samples have been synthesized by using palm kernel oil‐based polyol (PKOP). Water and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHB) have been used as BAs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that adding the mix of BAs is causing the cells' average size to increase up to 227% and have reduced the lamellae width by up to 2% in comparison with the reference sample. The water tests have illustrated that combining two parts per hundred polyol by weight (php) water and 25 php SHB to the sample has increased its water capacity up to 617%. However, the samples are only able to retain 6% of the absorbed water at the 7th day. It has been also found that porosity has affected the water uptake and all the samples are following Fick's diffusion law, and diffusion is correlated to the square root of time. Multivariable power least squares method (MPLSM) and moving least squares method (MLSM) have been applied to find the relation between tear resistance value and BAs ratio. It is found that both methods have a dominant variable compared to the other variables, but MLSM provided optimizable equation with better R2.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 61)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Dunlop Ewan D. , Siefer Gerald , Yoshita Masahiro , Kopidakis Nikos , Bothe Karsten , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2022 are reviewed. Graphs showing progress with each cell technology over the 30‐year history of the tables are also included plus an updated list of designated test centres.
Verification of wild apple (Malus sylvestris) nursery stock sold in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ruhsam Markus , Renny James , Worrell Rick 
Published: November 2022

Societal Impact StatementCrop wild relatives are plant taxa that are the progenitors of commercial crops and are an important genetic resource for improving these crops and making them more resilient in the face of environmental change. They play an important role for food security and it is vital to maintain their natural genetic diversity. However, crop‐to‐wild gene flow may reduce the fitness and threaten the genetic integrity of the wild species in the long run. Here we investigate the genetic purity of European wild apple (Malus sylvestris), a rare tree species in Europe that frequently hybridises with domesticated apple (M. domestica), sold by UK nurseries.
Surveillance and invasive risk of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Qin Yujia , Xu Yanling , Feng Xiaodong , Zhao Shouqi , Lu Yongyue , Li Zhihong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is one of the world's most successful and destructive invasive ant species. In mainland China, fast, monthly and annual pest reports on all pests have been established since 2010. The distribution of S. invicta resulting from climate change in China was predicted using MaxEnt modeling in combination with comprehensive surveillance data and 56 environmental factors.RESULTSThe fast and monthly reports revealed that S. invicta had spread to new territories almost every year in this timeframe. The transportation of seedlings and deployment of turfgrass were the major artificial transmission pathways. Annual reports indicated that control efforts had effectively reduced its occurrence areas and degree of severity of infestations, and retrieved the economic loss caused by S. invicta. The MaxEnt model predicted that S. invicta would expand to 23 provinces in China as a result of climate change. Moisture variables were the key factors affecting the distribution of this pest.CONCLUSIONBased on the theoretical reference framework of this research, China proposed the first‐ever integrated tactics against a single pest, jointly involving nine ministries, which include clarifying responsibilities, cutting off transmission pathways, strengthening surveillance, declaring pest distributions and conducting preventive and control campaigns. Practical efforts and measures combating the devastation of S. invicta may shed light on its management and other invasive species worldwide. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Profiling polysorbate 80 components using comprehensive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Konya Yutaka , Ochiai Ryosuke , Fujiwara Satoshi , Tsujino Kazushige , Okumura Takeshi 
Published: November 2022

RationalePolysorbate 80 (PS80) is an amphipathic, nonionic surfactant commonly used in pharmaceutical protein formulations and is composed of fatty acid (FA) esters of polyethoxylated sorbitan. However, commercial PS80 products contain substantial amounts of by‐products. The development of simple and reliable methods for PS80 component analysis is challenging given the inherent heterogeneity.MethodWe developed a comprehensive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to profile the components of PS80. Semi‐comprehensive LC–MS/MS analyses of 11 subspecies in three commercial PS80 products were performed to estimate the average degree of polymerization of the ethylene oxide units (Avg‐n) in the molecules. Furthermore, three subspecies (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoester, polyoxyethylene isosorbide monoester, and polyoxyethylene monoester) were analyzed to estimate the composition ratios of the seven ester‐bonded FAs present in PS80.ResultsThe Avg‐n values of five polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (none, mono, di, tri, and tetra), three polyoxyethylene isosorbide esters (none, mono, and di), and three polyoxyethylene esters (none, mono, and di) were 26.5–30.6, 12.1–14.6, and 11.4–15.8, respectively. These values were comparable regardless of the number of ester‐bonded FAs. Each product had a similar FA composition ratio regardless of the differences in the subspecies. However, the obtained C18:2 values were higher than those reported in the product certificates.ConclusionThe proposed LC–MS/MS method evaluated the overall PS80 components, revealing the possibility of underestimation of ester‐bonded linoleic acid using the conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The similarity of Avg‐n values and FA compositions among subspecies suggested the high reliability of these results, indicating that the presented approach may help in the quality control of PS80 formulations.
Stable isotope characterization of tobacco products: A determination of synthetic or natural nicotine authenticity
Authors: Han Shulei , Cui Lili , Chen Huan , Fu Ya'ning , Hou Hongwei , Hu Qingyuan , Yuan Yuwei 
Published: November 2022

Rationale“Tobacco‐free” or synthetic nicotine products have appeared in some markets, increasing potential health risks and regulatory compliance challenges. Currently, there are few reliable methods for the determination of authenticity of natural and synthetic nicotine. Analytical techniques based on stable isotopes have broad application prospects in the traceability and identification of agricultural products.MethodsTobacco leaves from four main tobacco production regions in China and different types of tobacco products were extracted with n‐hexane and 5% sodium hydroxide to obtain nicotine extracts. Subsequent stable isotope mass spectrometry was performed by analyzing δ2H, δ13C, and δ15N values of nicotine.ResultsFirstly, results from a batch of 233 samples indicated stable isotopes were closely related to climate and geographical locations and provide a basis for a determination of the origin of tobacco leaves. In addition, the δ2H values had significant differences between natural and synthetic nicotine and the results indicate a δ2H value of −163.0‰ could be the threshold for assessing synthetic and natural nicotine. Finally, a total of 239 results further validated the δ2H value as a metric for source authentication of commercial tobacco products.ConclusionsSynthetic (S)‐(−)‐nicotine could be accurately and quickly identified using the method developed by measuring δ2H values in a qualitative manner. To our knowledge, this is the first time a stable isotope mass spectrometry technique has been used for distinguishing the source of nicotine. This technique will aid in the accurate identification, labelling, and regulation of synthetic nicotine‐based tobacco products.
Tracing the geographical origin of bottled water collected in South Korea via isotopic and elemental analyses
Authors: Song Byeong‐Yeol , Lee Dong‐Kye , Kim Do‐Hee , Lee Yu‐Ran 
Published: November 2022

RationaleThe production of bottled water requires a forensic discriminant technique that enables the identification of the brands or accidents caused by intended contaminants. The bottled water poisoning crimes have drawn much attention, and such crimes may recur in the future. The water is colorless and odorless, and thus it is difficult to detect contaminated water through visual observation. Thus, bottled water can be easily exploited for poisoning, and a method for tracing their origin is currently required.MethodsIn this study, a total of 27 brands of bottled water samples were analyzed to determine stable oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes, major and trace elements. The geographical origin of the water was traced based on the climatic and geographical characteristics of the location from where water was sourced, which was assumed to be reflected in the bottled water. Furthermore, we investigated whether this method can be applied to identify bottled water products.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the characteristics of the bottled water, including the oxygen stable isotope ratios, reflect the latitude and altitude of bottled water source in South Korea, from the high‐latitude region to the coastal regions. In addition, the results indicated that excellent discrimination was achieved using strontium isotopes to identify source areas with different types of bedrock, complex underlying lithologies, and ocean areas in South Korea. A statistical method based on discriminant analysis was applied to measure trace elements, and the results effectively reflected the characteristics of water–rock interactions (cross‐validated classification probability: ≥92%).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the geographical characteristics of the source area are well reflected in commercial bottled water in South Korea. The proposed analytical methods can be utilized to trace the geographical origin of different bottled water samples and identify bottled water products used in poisoning crimes.
Robust tilt‐integral‐derivative controller synthesis for first‐order plus time delay and higher‐order systems
Authors: Lu Chuanfan , Tang Rongnian , Chen YangQuan , Li Chuang 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTA tilt integrator of the tilt‐integral‐derivative (TID) controller is an integrator to the power of a fraction. The current state of the art of TID controller is difficult to satisfy prespecified frequency‐domain specifications and is not able to build the connection between the frequency‐domain synthesis and time‐domain analysis. To fill the gap in TID control theory, a systematic tuning method of robust TID controller for first order plus time delay (FOPTD) and higher‐order processes is proposed, which is based on combining frequency‐ and time‐domain specifications synthesis. The TID controller parameters , , and optimal fractional order are settled to meet frequency‐domain specifications including phase margin, gain crossover frequency, and flat phase constraint that guarantee systemic stability and robustness. The parameter can be determined under the time‐domain specification including the smallest ITAE that achieves optimal dynamic performance. In addition, the steps of the proposed robust TID controller design process are given in detail, and an example is given to illustrate the corresponding steps. At last, the control and gain variation performances of the obtained TID controller are compared with some other controllers (PID, FOPI, and FOPID). Simulation results for FOPTD and higher‐order systems illustrate the superior robustness as well as the transient performance of the proposed control tuning procedure. To verify the practical usefulness of the outcomes of this paper, some experimental results on temperature control of a Peltier cell are presented.
Integral sliding‐mode‐based robust output‐regulation for constrained and uncertain linear systems
Authors: Gutierrez Ariana , Mera Manuel , Ríos Héctor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a solution to the output regulation problem for uncertain linear systems with input saturation, state constraints, and external disturbances. The proposed robust control is composed of a linear and a nonlinear part. Each part of the control can be designed independently due to the use of an integral sliding‐mode control approach. The linear control, whose design is based on the barrier Lyapunov function and the attractive ellipsoid method, considers the input saturation, the state constraints, and the parameter uncertainties. The nonlinear part is based on an integral sliding‐mode control approach and it can compensate the effect of some matched disturbances. Also, a safe set where the system trajectories do not transgress the state constraints and input saturation, is provided. The proposed scheme guarantees asymptotic convergence to zero of the output regulation error coping with the system constraints and disturbances. A constructive and simple method, based on linear matrix inequalities, is proposed to compute the controller gains. Some simulation results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Sensitive DNA Detection using a Branched DNA as a Sensor Coupled with Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Zhang Liu , Liu Yumin , Hu Cuixia , Liu Qingju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNucleic acids detection is becoming increasingly vital for disease's diagnosis. A sensitive, convenient and simple detection method provide the possibility of self‐diagnosis to prevent the disease's development. Herein, we designed a novel branched DNA nanostructure as probe, which could induce DNA hybridization chain reaction in the presence of target DNA. The strategy as amplifier enhanced the electrochemical signal of target DNA for sensitive nucleic acids detection. In this system, the branched DNA probe possessed more capturing points for Target DNA than previous single‐stranded DNA. Target DNA as trigger were used to induce hybridization chain reaction in three dimensions. The limit of detection of this strategy can reach to 1 pM with excellent specificity and selectivity. Meanwhile, the linear working range was from 10 pM to 100 μM. The biosensor had a great promising in the determination of nucleic acids for disease's diagnosis.
Preparation of TPU/GO/Mg‐Al LDHs Hybrid Material With Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression Performance
Authors: Li Shaoquan , Yang Bo , Lin Tingjian , Yao Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlammability of Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) limits its application in automotive, wires and cables, sports and textile coatings. Endowing TPU with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and smoke‐suppressant will be highly beneficial. Herein, a novel green and efficient condensed phase GO/Mg−Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) flame retardant for TPU was synthesized by the co‐precipitation of Mg2+ and Al3+ and assembled with graphene oxide (GO) by electrostatic interaction. The unique two‐dimensional layered structure of GO/LDHs has a large specific surface area, which can form a dense and uniform char layer during the combustion process, thus hindering mass and heat transfer between gaseous and condensed phases. The XRD, TEM, SEM and EDS results showed that Mg−Al LDHs and GO/LDHs were successfully synthesized. The thermal, flame retarding and smoke suppression properties of TPU/GO/Mg−Al LDHs were determinated by UL‐94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CCT) and smoke density (SDT). UL‐94 testing results showed that all the TPU/GO/Mg−Al LDHs samples had a vertical combustion rating of V‐0. Compared with pure TPU (19.1±0.2 %), the LOI value of all TPU/GO/Mg−Al LDHs composites are above 27 %. CCT results showed TGAL3 sample displayed the lowest peaks of heat release rate (pHRR) value of 142.9±9.3 Kw m−2. The total heat release (THR) value of TGAL5 is almost 70 % lower than that of pure TPU. In addition, compared to pure TPU, GO/Mg−Al LDHs materials has excellent performance in smoke suppression. The digital photos and Raman spectra of char residue demonstrated that TPU/GO/Mg−Al LDHs materials has a denser carbon layer after combustion. Apart from flame retarding and smoke suppression, the mechanical properties of TPU/GO/Mg−Al LDHs can maintain more than 80 % of the original TPU after addition of GO/LDHs. These results indicates that GO/LDHs composites is a kind of two‐dimensional layered material with unique structure and excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression.