bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of probiotics in respiratory tract diseases with special reference to COVID-19: A review
Authors: Aditi Munmun Sengupta  , Diptendu Chatterjee  , Rima Ghosh  
Published: January 2025

According to the International Scientific Association in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations(UN) and World Health Organization (WHO), “administration of probiotics” means administration and ingestion of live microorganisms in an appropriate amount for developing good health condition in the host individual.
Probiotics are administered for building immunity against common respiratory tract infections, including cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, and asthma. Therefore, vaccinations have been introduced to safeguard the children and the elderly from such infections. General patients improve their health when they consume appropriate amounts live microorganisms (probiotics) such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that belong to lactic acid bacteria family. Fermented foods, such as yogurt and soy, and dietary supplements are known to be rich sources of microorganisms. However, the consumption of microorganisms causes gastrointestinal symptoms as common side effects. Limited studies provide relevant information about the probiotics’ consumption; therefore, the current study aimed to increase the probiotics consumption among individuals and avoid common infections.
Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis with seizure: a case report
Authors: Ummer Karadan  , Robin George Manappallil  , Ivin Panakkel Zacharia  , Thushara Anand  
Published: January 2025

Exercise has been associated with several systemic reactions. These reactions can vary from mild symptoms to life threatening situations like anaphylaxis. In many of these cases, a predisposing factor in the form of food has been noticed. People may develop anaphylaxis on exercising after consumption of a nonspecific or specific food item. The patient being described developed anaphylaxis with seizure on exercising after having his meal. Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare scenario. Proper history taking is essential, as it can be lifesaving.
The intravenous use of commercial disinfectants in the treatment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Unconventional, but is there evidence against it?
Authors: Adarsh Shah  , Edmund Leung  
Published: January 2025

Background: On 24th April 2020, United States President Donald J. Trump suggested the use of commercial surface disinfectants to treat patients infected with COVID-19. In his speech, President Trump also proposed medical research be conducted. However, there are controversies regarding the toxicity of the disinfectant’s main ingredients sodium hypochlorite.
Aims and Objective: The purpose of this international collaborative study is to assess on feasibility and safety of disinfectants in human use.
Materials and Methods: Several safety labels of common commercialised brands of surface disinfectant from United Kingdom and New Zealand. Furthermore, literature search was conducted through Pubmed on keywords keywords “sodium hypochlorite” AND “poisoning” AND “intravenous drug user”.
Result: All safety labels advised hazardous warning regarding irritation and caustic burns if ingested. They all suggest water to wash out the effect if exposed to any mucus membrane such as eyes and broken skin. No safety information was given by any of the brands against subcutaneous or intravenous injection. No death in human was reported resulting from oral ingestion. There were 2 case reports: one of blindness and one of fibrosing alveolitis resulting from ingestion during a domestic dispute. Intravenous injection has only been seen in attempted murder cases or by intravenous drug users. All the reported cases have resulted in 2 deaths, organ failures and venous thrombosis including pulmonary embolism.
Conclusion: There is no safety warning from the manufacturers of the studied surface disinfectants regarding intravenous use. Intravenous injections in the literature suggests significant toxic outcome including death. Randomised controlled trials on animals may be required to assess the risk of intravenous injection of surface disinfectants against the risk of death from COVID-19 infection.
Subtrochanteric fracture in a near term pregnant female in the back drop of COVID-19 pandemic: A triple trouble pregnant with peril all along
Authors: Arun Kumar Sharma  , Divyanshu Goyal  , Ramesh C Meena  , Mahesh C Bansal  , Rajesh Kumar Sharma  , Sanjeev Kumar  
Published: January 2025

Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus was first reported in Wuhan province in China. By February all hell broke loose in Europe and other continents. Spread of virus in India with 1.38 billion population posed an unprecedented challenge to its health care system. We hereby report a rare case of subtrochanteric fracture of femur in a near term (35 weeks) pregnant female who was treated at our tertiary care center in the times of Covid-19. Combination of pregnancy and Subtrochanteric femoral fracture is a double trouble with high morbidity and mortality and in time of Corona pandemic it became a unique challenge where two lives were at risk. Here we share our experience of dealing this case with multidisciplinary approach and sticking to our clinical sense as literature for Covid-19 pandemic is barely 4 months old and devoid of any guideline for such cases so far.
From the Desk of Editor
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: January 2025

Dear All Associated Users of AJMS:
It gives us immense pleasure to publish the current issue of AJMS Vol 12 No 1 (2021). We started our journey from 2010 with an online edition of AJMS. Slowly we progressed with the support of our committed and strong team of Editorial board members and launched the printed edition in the year 2015 and we further expanded our publication frequency from quarterly issue to bimonthly issue.
With the overwhelming response and support from our users, we now take a leap to publish monthly issue from this year (2021) onwards. With the current expansion of edition, we make it clear that we have not made any compromise in the quality of articles which we publish in AJMS. We have been striving hard to serve the potential authors who has entrusted on us and chosen our journal to publish their manuscripts, making our journal as their journal of choice!
On submission, the manuscripts are assigned to editor and section editor for initial review process, followed by assigning the manuscript to three reviewers of which two are internal reviewers and one outside the editorial board (external reviewer). The blind review process in our journal takes six to eight weeks’, sometimes even earlier depending on the reviewers and the decision is made once the review report is submitted to the editor.
Sometimes the delay in turnaround time happens which is unavoidable due to late response from reviewers and from the authors. We insist the authors to communicate with the editor soon the review reports are sent to them for revisions. This would further shrink the time of publication from submission. The reviewers and the editorial board members are solely responsible for taking initial decision of the article but the final decision is based on the Editor. The best part of our journal is we respond to each and every author promptly and do not ignore any queries.
The details of the journal can be viewed by clicking the links of particular sections- Focus and Scope, Peer Review Process, Open Access Policy, Publication Frequency, Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Duties of Reviewers, Duties of Authors, Indexing of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences can be viewed by this link-https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/about
Submission Preparation Checklist, Author Guidelines, Plagiarism Policy can be viewed by following this link-https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/about/submissions
Authors are advised to go through the guidelines and then submit their manuscripts
We look forward to further enhance the quality of article in AJMS and we will strive hard to ensure this journal goes global, in the future.
Thank you all for your support and entrusting on us.
Prof. Dr. Arun Kumar
Editor-in-Chief, Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Management of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Şahbender Koç  , Yusuf Şener  , Emre Doğan  , Emine Kırdağ  , Emine Altuntaş  , Ömer Bedir  , Efe Edem  
Published: January 2025

On January 7 in China, one patient was identified with a new corona virus in throat culture, and World Health Organization called it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we aimed to summarize overall data for COVID-19 disease related myocarditis and its treatment. In the initial stages, patients developed symptoms of severe acute respiratory infection and afterwards other serious symptoms such as septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation disorders, multiple organ failure problems developed.Complications were mostly associated with pneumonia (91.1%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the presence of cardiovascular diseases has been found to increase the severity and side effects of primary respiratory syndrome. Since management of COVID-19 related myocarditis is crucial, 114 publications indexed in Pubmed between Dec 10, 2019 and October 16, 2020 were scanned extensively in this review in order to summarize the treatment options of COVID-19 related myocarditis. Analysis of 44.672 COVID-19 cases showed an increased risk of mortality in elderly people (14.8% for patients over 80 years old) and patients with cardiovascular disease (10.5%). Patients with diabetes (7.3%) and hypertension (6%) also demonstrated an increased risk of mortality. The rate of underlying chronic respiratory disease was 6.3%. Arrhythmia was found in 16.7% and acute heart injury existed in 7.2% of 138 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. ACE inhibitors or ARBs should be administered in patients with wall motion abnormality or heart failure with reduced EF. Diuretics should be considered in patients with volume overload and torsemide should be preferred as first option. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and cardiac glycosides should be avoided. Physical activity should be restricted until the disease resolved. IVIG and interferon therapy are feasible treatment options with reasonable side effect profile.
Thrombosis And Thromboprophylaxis In COVID-19 Patients During Hospitalization And Early Post-discharge Period
Authors: Hosseini Mehr Seyed Pouriya  , Smorzhevskyi Valentyn  , Dzekunova Yuliia  , Dmytrenko Igor  
Published: January 2025

While SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to circulate around the world, there are still many uncertainties on how to treat the patients with this potentially deadly virus, and more importantly, for how long!
COVID-19 causes many different symptoms, among which coagulopathy seems to play an essential role in the survival prognosis of patients. While medical centers worldwide have developed various algorithms for preventing thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, there are still no clear guidelines on the length of thromboprophylaxis therapy, target groups who should receive suitable anticoagulant prophylaxis, and even the choice of the most appropriate agent for such treatment.
Surgical Treatment of Benign Retrorectal Masses in Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hüseyin Bilge  , Ömer Başol  , Abdullah Oğuz  
Published: January 2025

Background: Tumors that occur in the retrorectal space are called retrorectal tumors. These tumors arise from various tissues. Late symptoms may therefore outweigh diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the surgery becomes difficult.
Aims and Objectives: Our study aims to reveal the difficulties in the diagnosis of retrorectal tumors, radiological diagnostic methods, and safe surgical excision surgical techniques.
Materials and Methods: Twelve patients operated for retrorectal tömür between 2014 and 2020 were included in the retrospective study. Demographic features, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment procedures, evaluations of preoperative/postoperative complications, pathological classifications, length of hospital stay, and duration of surgery were studied.
Results: Twelve patients [9 females, 3 males; the mean age was 39.3 ± 11.8 (22-56)] due to retrorectal tumors. All lesions were evaluated preoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to the preoperative examination and radiological findings; Surgical resection was performed with an anterior approach to 3 patients, a posterior approach to 4 patients, and a combined approach to 5 patients. The mean tumor size was 8 ± 2.24 cm. Immature teratoma and epidermoid cyst (n = 6) were the most common tumors. We did not have any patients with features of malignancy on final histopathology.
Conclusion: Although retrorectal tumors are difficult to diagnose, it is important to suspect clinically. A good evaluation of the patients with radiological imaging facilitates the resection of the tumor surgically. Surgery of the patient in centers specialized in these tumors increases surgical success.
Pregnancy outcome in patients presented with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A five-year study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Lipika Adhikari  , Sandip Sarkar  
Published: January 2025

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a relatively rare type of dilated cardiomyopathy that presents in late pregnancy or the early postpartum period. Although the condition is prevalent worldwide, women with black genealogy seem to have greater risk. Possible other risk factors are elderly maternal age, hypertension, multiparity, multifetal pregnancy etc. Although the pathophysiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy is still obscure, recent studies suggests the important role of vasculo-hormonal pathway along with several other possible factors e.g. myocarditis, abnormal immune response to pregnancy, abnormal response to increased hemodynamic burden, malnutrition, inflammation and apoptosis .
Aims and Objectives: To find out the prevalence, risk factors and pregnancy outcome of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)
Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight patients of PPCM admitted in G&O department of RG KAR Medical college were taken. Clinical evaluations, Hematological evaluation, biochemical study, ECG and Echocardiography were done. Patient outcome was also compared between two groups of patients having Left Ventricular ejection fraction less than 35% and more than 35%.
Result: Prevalence of PPCM was 0.09%, maternal mortality was 87 per 1000 live births and perinatal mortality was 43 per 1000 live births. Patients with lower ejection fraction showed poorer outcome.
Conclusion: Patients with higher NYHA functional class, lower ejection fraction and larger left ventricular cavity showed worse maternal and perinatal outcome.
Synthetic Biology: The New Era
Authors: Samudra Guha  , Joyeeta Talukdar  , Abhibrato Karmakar  , Sandeep Goswami  , Arun Kumar  , Ruby Dhar  , Subhradip Karmakar  
Published: January 2025

Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline of science, at the intersection of biology, engineering, and chemistry that involves redesigning organisms to have new phenotypes and customized abilities. While synthetic biology seems to have originated from genetic engineering, over the years, it has matured as well as diverged from it. It involves not just the transfer of genes from one or cell to another creating some variants, it also involves the assembly of an altogether novel organism or cell created part by part by the assembly of individual components of the desired function in a logical fashion. In this minireview, we will explore this new discipline and its possible applications and future promises to serve the humanity
A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital wards in Mizoram, India
Authors: Sang Zuala  , Vankhuma C  , Zorinsangi Varte  , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Lalramenga Pachuau  
Published: January 2025

Sir,
We would kindly request you to make the corrigendum in the article recently published Original Article in Asian Journal of Medical Sciences with the date of publication on 2022-04-01 in Volume 13 No 4 2022 page number 11-17, with the article titled “A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital wards in Mizoram, India”
In the website page the order of the authorship is published in a wrong manner, and we realise our mistake for not going through the metadata at the time of submission.
We kindly request you to change the order of the authorship as Sang Zuala, Vankhuma C, Zorinsangi Varte, Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya, Lalramenga Pachuau instead of Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya, Sang Zuala, Vankhuma C , Zorinsangi Varte, Lalramenga Pachuau
Thank you,
Dr. Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya
Corresponding Author
Cavum Vergae with Transient Loss of Conciousness in a Child: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: FU Uduma  , N Adams  
Published: January 2025

Cavum vergae is a triangular fluid filled cavity posterior to foramen of Monro. They are seen in premature and term infants up to 2 months of age. It is of little clinical significance.
Our patient is a 14year old girl with cavum vergae diagnosed with brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These investigations were sequel to episodes of headache and one hour loss of consciousness with no antecedent complaints. Since no complicating evidence of hydrocephalus was seen, she was managed symptomatically.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8107
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.73-76
Unilateral Third Head of Biceps Brachii with Associated Neurovascular Variants in both the Upper Limbs of a Single Cadaver
Authors: C Swathi Poornima  , B Bhagyalakshmi  
Published: January 2025

During routine undergraduate dissection in the upper extremities of a 65 years old male cadaver in the department of Anatomy at Dr. PSIMS & RF, coexistence of muscular and neurovascular variants were identified .Muscular variations included presence of additional head(third) of biceps brachii in the left arm, accompanied with medially positioned median nerve in relation to brachial artery bilaterally . Teres minor muscle was not identified and the origin of long head of triceps brachii extended upto the lateral border of scapula on the left side. Both the medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm arouse from a single trunk bilaterally. In the right limb the axillary artery showed only four branches instead of six branches, with common trunk for thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic artery and common trunk for subscapular and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Knowledge of coexistence of these variations would of profound importance surgically and clinically, especially in limb injuries and surgical repairs.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.7391
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.81-85
Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women of Rural Community in Vizianagaram, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhargavi Vemulapalli  , K Kameswara Rao  
Published: January 2025

Objective: Anemia is the most frequently observed nutritional diseases in the world. It is a major health problem that affects 25-50% population of world and nearly 50% of pregnant women. In India, anemia is the second most common cause of maternal deaths, accounting for 20% of maternal deaths. The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among rural pregnant women of Vizianagram and to explore associated factors with anemia.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Mother and child hospital, Vizianagram, Vizianagram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pregnant women with any age of gestation period, parity and age were recruited for study. Estimation of hemoglobin was carried by standard sahli’s pipette method. Anemia was classified according to WHO grading criteria.
Results: Nine hundred eighty-six subjects were enrolled for the study of whom all the study subjects did not meet the criteria of WHO standards of normal grade i.e >11gm/dl. 100% anemic condition was seen. 52.73% has a mild degree of anemia, 40.97% have moderate degree of anemia and 6.28% of population has severe degree of anemia. Pregnant women in 1st trimester of their gestation period has higher prevalence rate than in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Parity has not showed any significant relation with anemia.
Conclusion: The study confirms that preventing anemia is a challenge. Efforts should be geared towards the early detection and treatment of anemia before delivery to avoid various maternal and fetal complications.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.5295
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 21-25
Dutta’s Scoring Technique for Early Detection and Management of Uterine Atony during Emergency LSCS – A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dilip Kumar Dutta  , Indranil Dutta  
Published: January 2025

Background: Uterine atony accounts for 80 % of causes of PPH and is one of the important cause of maternal death.
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of Dutta’s score for early detection and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS to prevent PPH.
Study methods: This study was undertaken at JNM, NSGN, CN at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal India from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2011. Three hundred cases undergoing emergency LSCS were selected for randomized trial. Clinical observations were made after placental expulsion for scoring which includes shape and size of uterus, rugosity, tone, placental localization and time of placental expulsion. Score of 0, 1, 2 were given on each observation. Three groups are created depending on scoring-Group A (130) -8 to 10, Group B (N-100) -5 to 7 and Group C (N-70) - <5 for better management. Management protocols were formulated in the three groups for prevention of PPH
Group A:- Oxytocin 10U (5U IM + 5U IV 40drops/min in Ringer Lactate 500ml) Group B:- Oxytocin 15U (5U IM + 10U IV 40drops/min in Ringer lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.25mg IM) + anterior posterior uterine wall compression Group C:- Oxytocin 20 U- (5U IM plus 15 U IV 40 drops in Ringer Lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.5mg IM) + carboprost (250 mcg IM) + lateral followed by anterior posterior uterine wall compression + compression of isthmic region of uterus + misoprostol 800mg per rectal during post operative period.
Results: After adopting Dutta’s score and management protocols it was interesting to observe that intra and post operative blood loss within 2hr were found to be significantly reduced in group A-69.3% (<300CC), 84.6%(<200CC) and group B-70%(<300cc), 72%(<200CC). Intra operative blood loss >500cc were also found to be reduce in group A- 7.6%, group B-14%. In group C intra operative blood loss >500cc were seen in 47.1 % and post operative -32.9% cases. Hemoglobin level <11gms after 24 hrs of LSCS was found to be minimally reduced (in comparison to preoperative hemoglobin level) in group A (1.5%), group-B (2%) and group C (11.4%).
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS after adopting Dutta’s score were found to be not only reduce intra and post operative blood loss but also was found to maintain a satisfactory hemoglobin level and hemodynamic status. Maternal mortality was found to be nil. This randomized trial highlighted the importance of prompt treatment in group C to reduce intra and post operative blood loss and maternal morbidity and mortality.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8531
sian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 40-45