bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR2 genetic diversity associated with the risk of Schizophrenia development in a Tunisian population
Authors: Ayari fayza , Chaaben Arij Ben , Abbaza Hajer , Mihoub Ons , Ouni Nesrine , Mankai Amani , Boukouaci Wahid , kharat Maher , Leboyer Marion , Tamouza Ryad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, where immune dysfunction plays a key etiopathogenic role. In order to explore the control of innate immune responses in SZ, we aimed to investigate the potential association of nine TLR2/TLR4 polymorphisms (TLR2: rs4696480T>A, rs3804099T>C, rs3804100T>C; TLR4: rs1927914G>A, rs10759932T>C, rs4986790A>G, rs4986791T>C, rs11536889G>C and rs11536891T>C) with susceptibility to SZ in a Tunisian population. Methods: TLR2-4 genotyping was done using a TaqMan 5’-nuclease assay for 150 SZ patients and 201 healthy controls (HC) with no history of psychiatric illness.Results: We found that only the TLR2 rs4696480T>A polymorphism was significantly associated with SZ. Indeed, the AA genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of SZ (46% versus 31%, p= 4.7*10-3, OR =1.87 and 95% CI [1.18-2.97]). The frequency of the TA genotype was significantly more prevalent in HC than in SZ patients (27% versus 43%, p=2.1*10-3) and may be associated with protection against SZ (OR = 0.49 and 95% CI [0.30- 0.80]). The ACT haplotype of the TLR2 gene was identified as a risk haplotype for SZ. Moreover, we found a significant association between AA genotype and domestic violence (AA versus TT+AT; 71% versus 49%; p= 0.036, OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.20–10.80). Concerning the other polymorphisms no significant association was found.Conclusion: The results indicate that TLR2 genetic diversity may play a role in genetic vulnerability to SZ.
Insect-killing parasites infection of South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), on F 1 hybrid tomato crop
Authors: Kasi Indra Kumar , Singh Mohinder , lamichhane Pratikshya , Malik Abaker M. , Rostami Elahe , Waiba Kanchhi Maya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
A survey was conducted to determine the diversity and frequency of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in fruit orchards soils in Rajgadh Himachal Pradesh, India. The main aim of the survey was to obtain nematodes as biological control agents against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta, an invasive pest of the tomato crop in India.
Results
From a total of 42 samples, 7 samples tested positive for the presence of EPN. EPNs & test insect sequencing and characterization of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 18S & 12S region were used to identify all nematode isolates and test insect species levels. Steinernema feltiae (isolate- HR1) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (isolate- HR2) species dose (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 IJs/cm2) are used in the laboratory bioassay. The third instar (percentage) ranges from 24.15 to 90.00 percent. HR1 and HR2 isolates demonstrated significant larvicidal activity with LD50, LD75, and LD90 of all instars and pupa showing high mortality from 31.53 to 90.00 percent a and 72-hours exposure duration. The strain slows larval development in 48 to 72 hours of the exposure period, with LD50 values ranging from 05.42 to 19.29, LD75 values ranging from 20.29 to 83.12, and LD90 values ranging from 26.03 to 78.89. Greenhouse test same isolates are foliar sprayed three times at a 14-day interval, with total findings revealing a 7.36 count range before spraying. The total treatment outcomes range from 1.64 to 1.74 for isolate HR2, and 1.88 and 2.03 for HR1. 4.15 percent was recorded in the control plot.
Conclusions
Invasive species pose a significant threat, as evidenced by this research. Traditional EPNs (S. feltiae HR1, H. bacteriophora HR2) have been used as an active biocontrol agent in laboratory and greenhouse settings and the pathogen that infects T. absoluta.
Self-mixing in microtubule-kinesin active fluid from nonuniform to uniform distributions of activities
Authors: Bate Teagan , Varney Megan , Taylor Ezra , Dickie Joshua , Chueh Chih-Che , Norton Michael , Wu Kun-Ta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Active fluids have potential applications in micromixing, but little is known about the mixing kinematics of systems with spatiotemporally varying activities. Ultraviolet light–activated caged ATP and fluorescent dyes were used to activate controlled regions of microtubule-kinesin active fluid, creating a binary active-inactive fluid where the progression of mixing was observed. At low flow-speed levels, mixing was governed by active fluid-induced diffusion-like processes at the active-inactive interface, but at higher flow-speed levels, mixing was governed by active fluid-induced superdiffusion-like processes. Samples activated in a checkerboard pattern reached homogeneity faster than those that were activated only on one side. A model of active nematohydrodynamics coupled to ATP transport was used to describe the coupled mixing process. The results show that the mixing of active fluid systems with initially nonuniform activities is governed by the complex active transport of ATP at the interface between active and inactive regions.
Attributes that influence human decision-making in complex health services: A scoping review
Authors: Doreswamy Nandini , Horstmanshof Louise 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Humans currently dominate decision-making in both clinical health services and complex health services such as health policy and health regulation. This scoping review identifies and maps attributes that influence human decision-making in complex health services. A systematic search identified 140 potential articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed. Based on these criteria, four articles were deemed relevant. Four additional articles were added through citation tracking. The results of this review highlight key themes that underline the complex and nuanced nature of human decision-making. The results suggest that rationality may be entrenched, and may influence the lexicon of our thinking about decision-making. The results also highlight the counter narrative of decision-making that is underpinned by the uniquely human attribute of intuition. The review, itself, takes a rational approach, and the methods used were suited to this.
Diurnal variation in methane emission from a paddy due to temperature-sensitive ebullition
Authors: Kajiura Masako , Tokida Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The diurnal variation in methane (CH4) emission observed in rice paddies has been linked to changes in air and soil temperatures. The temperature dependence is not simple, however, and the mechanisms underlying it in relation to the diurnal variation are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the diurnal variation of CH4 flux and its relationship with air temperature in a Japanese paddy by dividing the total flux into two major pathways, plant-mediated and bubbling emission. The diurnal variation of total flux was not clear at the panicle formation and booting stages, when plant-mediated emission was dominant. At the heading stage, ebullition made a substantial contribution to the total emission (43–70%), and CH4 emission via both pathways varied diurnally; however, the diurnal range was much greater for bubbling emission (ratio of max. to min. = 3.5) than for plant-mediated emission (ratio of max. to min. = 1.4). Bubbling emission at the heading stage increased with increasing temperature in the morning, but it started to decrease drastically when the temperature reached a plateau, forming a hysteresis in the flux versus temperature relationship. These results indicate that abiotic processes, such as a change in the solubility of gases and the temperature dependence of the gas-phase volume (Charles’s law), may play a central role in shaping the diurnal pattern of the CH4 ebullition. Our findings also provide some insights into the appropriate timing of CH4 flux measurements in the field, especially where ebullition occurs actively and measurement frequency is limited.
Health workers’ perspectives on vacuum extraction in Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Capelle Manuela , Nolens Barbara , Lule John , Byamugisha Josaphat , Roosmalen Jos , Akker Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore perceptions of health workers of Mulago Hospital, Uganda, regarding the use of vacuum extraction.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey among midwives, residents and consultant obstetricians was performed. It was composed of questions pertaining to vacuum extraction, addressing reasons for low use, recommendations to increase use, preferred mode of birth in case of prolonged second stage for oneself or one’s relative, views about who is suited to perform the procedure and contraindications.
Results
Eighty-three of 134 (61.9%) participants returned the survey. The most frequent reasons for low use of vacuum extraction were lack of training (60/83, 72.3%) and equipment (59/83, 71.1%). Skills training and improved supply of equipment were recommended. Most participants (57/83, 68.8%) chose vacuum extraction over caesarean section as hypothetical mode of birth for themselves or a relative in case of prolonged second stage of labour. Opinions about contraindications varied. There was a tendency to cite contraindications not identified as such in international guidelines (big baby, caput succedaneum, moulding). Midwives, residents, interns and consultant obstetricians with appropriate training were generally all considered suited to perform vacuum extraction.
Conclusions
Health workers generally conveyed a positive attitude towards vacuum extraction, despite some perceived barriers, often unsupported by evidence. Organisation of skills training, supply of equipment and focus on knowledge of indications are essential to increase its use.
The relationship between nutrition and cancer in elderly hospitalized patients: a retrospective chart analysis
Authors: Yang Lina , Wu Lan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the relationship between nutrition and cancer in elderly hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 339 elderly patients were divided into cancer and non-cancer groups. Information regarding nutritional blood parameters (NBP), including TP, ALB, PA, TLC, and Hb; nutritional risk screening (NRS), including ADL, MNA-SF, WST; and polypharmacy was collected and analyzed.Results: Among the 339 patients, 94 (27.7%) were women, 81 (23.9%) were cancer patients, and 258 (76.1%) were non-cancer patients. Overall, 25.3% of patients were malnourished. Patients in the cancer group were younger, with higher rates of inflammation, lower rates of polypharmacy and swallow dysfunction, increased ADL, and decreased MNA-SF score. The BMI, TP, PA, Hb, and TLC were notably decreased in cancer patients. The MNA-SF score had a positive correlation with BMI, TP, ALB, PA, Hb, TLC, and ADL, but a negative correlation with CRP, WST score, polypharmacy, and age. Conclusion: There was a close relationship between nutritional status and cancer in elderly patients. Geriatric patients with cancer were more prone to a poor nutritional status. Nutritional screening, assessment, and intervention should be increased to improve the prognosis in cancer patients.
Modern markers of inflammatory process in surgical practice
Authors: Morozov A. M. , Sergeev A. N. , Zhukov S. V. , Novikova N. S. , Belyak M. A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Currently, one of the important problems in surgery is the search for new markers of the inflammatory process to determine the prognosis of the disease, substantiate the need for surgical intervention and to assess the effectiveness of treatment.Aim. To evaluate the possibilities and prospects of using modern markers of the inflammatory process in the practice of a surgeon.Materials and methods. In the course of the present investigation we analyzed relevant sources of domestic and foreign literature on the topic of application and possibilities of use of modern inflammatory process markers in various fields of medicine. Information was collected from databases of ScienceDirect, Cyberleninka.ru, and PubMed.Results. Acute phase proteins, as markers of inflammation, are valuable tools in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of inflammatory diseases, as they are sensitive to systemic inflammation. Important criteria for the use of biomarkers of inflammation are: a low number of false positive results and the possibility of using the marker not only as an indicator of the disease, but also to determine the severity of the patient’s condition. In order to assess the presence of inflammation in clinical conditions, laboratories evaluate the concentrations of various acute phase proteins in plasma. Currently, the most relevant markers of inflammatory processes are: C-reactive protein; haptoglobin; presepsin is also an early indicator of inflammation; fibrinogen; serum amyloid A; a complement system containing key markers of inflammation. Determining them in the surgeon’s practice will allow you to predict the outcome of the disease and evaluate the results of treatment.Conclusion. At the moment, the determination of inflammatory markers helps in predicting the disease, planning treatment tactics, evaluating the effectiveness of therapy after surgery and in earlier diagnosis of severe conditions.
Kierunki rozwoju energetyki w województwie mazowieckim w kontekście polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Wereda Beata , Polak Elżbieta 
Published: May 2022

W artykule omówiono problematykę zaopatrzenia województwa mazowieckiego w energię i paliwa, w tym systemy energetyczne funkcjonujące w regionie, a także przeanalizowano zmiany, które zaszły w przedmiotowym sektorze w latach 2010–2020 (w przypadku braku danych przyjęto krótsze okresy) oraz zamierzenia rozwojowe, określone w planach przedsiębiorstw energetycznych i tzw. specustawach energetycznych: ustawie z dnia 24 kwietnia 2009 r. o inwestycjach w zakresie terminalu regazyfikacyjnego skroplonego gazu ziemnego w Świnoujściu (specustawie gazowej), ustawie z dnia 24 lipca 2015 r. o przygotowaniu i realizacji strategicznych inwestycji w zakresie sieci przesyłowych (specustawie przesyłowej) oraz ustawie z dnia 22 lutego 2019 r. o przygotowaniu i realizacji strategicznych inwestycji w sektorze naftowym (specustawie naftowej). Przedstawiono również potencjał i wykorzystanie odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE). Wykonane analizy pozwoliły na identyfikację przewidywanych głównych kierunków rozwoju sektora energetycznego na Mazowszu, spójnych z polityką klimatyczno-energetyczną UE i Polski. W artykule wykorzystano dane pozyskane na potrzeby aktualizacji strategii rozwoju województwa mazowieckiego, opracowanej przez Mazowieckie Biuro Planowania Regionalnego w Warszawie (MBPR). Słowa kluczowe: ciepło, energia elektryczna, gaz ziemny, odnawialne źródła energii, paliwa ciekłe, produkty naftowe, ropa naftowa, sieci dystrybucyjne, sieci przesyłowe, systemy energetyczne
Aktywność społeczna w kształtowaniu budżetu obywatelskiego
Authors: Dąbrowska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2022

W społeczeństwie obywatelskim, samorządność jako forma organizacji społecznej zajmuje jedną z centralnych pozycji. Warunkiem realizacji misji rozwojowej samorządu jest uczestnictwo obywateli i ich współodpowiedzialność za kształt lokalnego życia społecznego. Ostatnio coraz popularniejszą formą partycypacji staje się budżet obywatelski, powodujący bezpośrednie zaangażowanie mieszkańców w proces podejmowania decyzji dotyczących wyboru zakresu zadań publicznych w ramach wyznaczonej puli środków i przejęcia części odpowiedzialności. Celem prezentowanej analizy jest ukazanie dynamiki zaangażowania obywateli w konsultacje, w sprawie kształtowania tej części budżetu miasta na zadania lokalne mieszczące się w kompetencjach samorządu lokalnego, jaką jest budżet obywatelski. Przyjęta hipoteza badawcza zakłada, że budżet obywatelski jest coraz bardziej popularną formą konsultacji, bowiem w swej formule daje mieszkańcom poczucie sprawstwa i podmiotowości w wyrażaniu swoich opinii i preferencji. Empiryczną podstawą analizy są sprawozdania z realizacji budżetu obywatelskiego miasta Radomia od początku jego powstania oraz literatura przedmiotu. Budżet obywatelski jest znakomitym narzędziem edukacji o samorządności, jest elementem konkretnej filozofii funkcjonowania samorządu jako wspólnoty władz i mieszkańców danej jednostki terytorialnej, współdziałających na rzecz jej rozwoju. Przykład miasta Radomia wskazuje, że budżet obywatelski wspomaga, uzupełnia, a niejednokrotnie zastępuje lub zwiększa skuteczność działania administracji publicznej. Przeprowadzone analizy mogą być wskazówką przy doskonaleniu realizacji budżetu Mazowsza. Słowa kluczowe: budżet obywatelski, społeczeństwo obywatelskie, partycypacja, współzarządzanie
Morbidity Patterns in Primary Care in Hong Kong: Protocol for a Practice-Based Morbidity Survey
Authors: Chen Julie Yun , Chao David , Wong Samuel Yeung-shan , Tse Tsui Yee Emily , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Tsang Joyce Pui Yan , Leung Maria Kwan Wa , Ko Welchie , Li Yim-chu , Chen Catherine , Luk Wan , Dao Man-Chi , Wong Michelle , Leung Wing Mun , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: May 2022

Background
Up-to-date and accurate information about the health problems encountered by primary care doctors is essential to understanding the morbidity pattern of the community to better inform health care policy and practice. Morbidity surveys of doctors allow documentation of actual consultations, reflecting the patient’s reason for seeking care as well as the doctor’s diagnostic interpretation of the illness and management approach. Such surveys are particularly critical in the absence of a centralized primary care electronic medical record database.

Objective
With the changing sociodemographic profile of the population and implementation of health care initiatives in the past 10 years, the aim of this study is to determine the morbidity and management patterns in Hong Kong primary care during a pandemic and compare the results with the last survey conducted in 2007-2008.

Methods
This will be a prospective, practice-based survey of Hong Kong primary care doctors. Participants will be recruited by convenience and targeted sampling from both public and private sectors. Participating doctors will record the health problems and corresponding management activities for consecutive patient encounters during one designated week in each season of the year. Coding of health problems will follow the International Classification of Primary Care, Second Edition. Descriptive statistics will be used to calculate the prevalence of health problems and diseases as well as the rates of management activities (referral, investigation, prescription, preventive care). Nonlinear mixed effects models will assess the differences between the private and public sectors as well as factors associated with morbidity and management patterns in primary care.

Results
The data collection will last from March 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022. As of April 2022, 176 doctor-weeks of data have been collected.

Conclusions
The results will provide information about the health of the community and inform the planning and allocation of health care resources.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04736992; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04736992

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/37334
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Problematic Use of Smartphones Among Adults in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Al-Mohaimeed Abdulrahman , Alharbi Mansour , Mahmud Ilias 
Published: May 2022

Background
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) ranks third globally in smartphone use. Smartphones have made many aspects of life easier. However, the overuse of smartphones is associated with physical and psychosocial problems.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of problematic use of smartphones among adults in the Qassim region of KSA.

Methods
We enrolled 715 participants using cluster random sampling for this cross-sectional survey. We assessed the problematic use of smartphones using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale.

Results
We estimated the prevalence of problematic smartphone use among adults at 64% (453/708). Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that students are 3 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared with unemployed individuals (P=.03); adults using more than five apps are 2 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared to those using a maximum of three apps (P=.007). Protective factors against problematic smartphone use include using apps for academic (odds ratio [OR] 0.66; P=.04) or religious needs (OR 0.55; P=.007) and having a monthly family income of 5001-10,000 SAR (Saudi Riyal; US $1300-$2700; OR 0.46; P=.01) or 10,001-20,000 SAR (US $2700-$5400; OR 0.51; P=.03) compared to the <1501 SAR (US $400) income group.

Conclusions
We reported a very high prevalence of problematic use of smartphones in KSA. Considering its negative impact on physical and psychosocial health, public health programs should develop preventive strategies.
The Effectivity of Flavonoid Content Which Contained in “Dark Chocolate” with Decreased Blood Pressure in Hypertension Without Complication Patients at Tresna Werdha Public Center in 2017
Authors: Tanggo Christian Ronald 
Published: May 2022

As the times progressed, lifestyle and food pattern alterations have taken place in society these days. Such things cause the health issues, such as hypertension. Research recently declared “Dark Chocolate” could be one of the blood pressure-lowering food alternatives. This research aims to find out if “Dark Chocolate" could lower blood pressure in hypertension without complications in patients. The research method is a descriptive quantitative study, and the research has been done on 30 women 80-97 years old elderly at Tresna Werdha Public Center, Cibubur. The blood pressure was measured by calculating the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mmHg before and after consuming “Dark Chocolate”. Data analysis was using the SPSS statistic test. The result of the research is that the blood pressure in 15 respondents who consumed “Dark Chocolate” began to decrease on the third day (p<0,05). Finally, it is concluded that "Dark Chocolate” could lower blood pressure.
Keywords: “Dark Chocolate”, blood pressure