bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spesolimab, an anti‐interleukin‐36 receptor antibody, in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase IIa study
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , Abramovits William , Saint‐Cyr Proulx Étienne , Lee Patricia , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Zovko Elizabeta , Sigmund Ralf , Willcox Joanne , Bieber Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and there is increasing evidence that the interleukin (IL)‐36 pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of spesolimab, a novel anti‐IL‐36 receptor antibody, in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsIn this phase IIa study, 51 eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to receive intravenous doses of spesolimab 600 mg or placebo every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score at Week 16.ResultsThe decrease in EASI score from baseline to Week 16 was –37.9% for spesolimab versus –12.3% for placebo (adjusted mean difference −25.6%, p = 0.149). A predefined sensitivity analysis, excluding data from patients who used restricted corticosteroids, resulted in an adjusted mean difference of −48.3% (nominal p = 0.024). Spesolimab was well tolerated, with no clinically relevant safety signals.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate the IL‐36 pathway inhibition in AD. Although not statistically significant, numerical improvements were observed in the primary endpoint of change from baseline in the EASI score. Spesolimab had an acceptable safety profile, with no unexcepted safety concerns.
What to expect physiologically when you're expecting couples in therapy: A Changing Hearts and Minds in relationshiPS (CHAMPS) descriptive study
Authors: Bradford Angela B. , Johnson Lee N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent efforts to improve marital therapy interventions have begun investigating psychophysiologic processes in therapy. These studies are novel and represent initial investigations into relevant phenomena associated with the therapy process. Grounded in Polyvagal Theory, this study introduces an on‐going multimethod couple therapy process research (CHAMPS) and highlights the importance of establishing norms among distressed couples in therapy, which can provide context for other studies' results and instigate further investigation of physiology in marital therapy. Using a sample of 24 married, heterosexual couples (N = 48), we examine trends in markers of sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) functioning; namely, electrodermal activity (SNS), cardiac impedence (SNS), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (PNS) before and during therapy sessions and shifts in these measures over the course of four therapy sessions. We discuss clinical implications and provide recommendations for further investigations.
The indications, complications and outcomes of dogs undergoing partial penile amputation: 10 cases (2014‐2021)
Authors: Ritson K. , Bird F. , Stefanidis G. , Brissot H. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo report the signalment, indications for surgery, postoperative complications and medium‐/long‐term outcomes in dogs undergoing partial penile amputation.Materials and MethodsRetrospective case series. The electronic medical records of a single small animal referral hospital were searched between January 2014 and January 2021 for dogs that underwent a partial penile amputation. Data collected included signalment, presenting clinical signs, indication for partial penile amputation, surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome.ResultsTen dogs were included in the study. Indications for surgery were treatment of preputial neoplasia (n=5), penile neoplasia (n=1), idiopathic paraphimosis (n=3) and chronic urethritis (n=1). Five of five preputial tumours were cutaneous mast cell tumours, and the penile tumour was a squamous cell carcinoma. All dogs recovered uneventfully from surgery with a median postoperative hospitalisation time of 28.8 hours. Two of the three dogs treated for paraphimosis had major postoperative complications requiring further resection of the tip of the penis at 2 weeks and 24 months. Four dogs had minor complications managed without surgical intervention. The outcome was good to excellent in nine of nine dogs for which medium‐ or long‐term follow‐up data were available.Clinical SignificanceIn this group of dogs, partial penile amputation, performed with or without concurrent resection of the prepuce, was a well‐tolerated surgical procedure with low intraoperative and postoperative complication rates and good functional outcomes. Partial penile amputation should be considered for conditions affecting the distal penis and prepuce.
Characterisation of brain microstructural alterations in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using diffusion kurtosis imaging
Authors: Li Yanhua , Wen Hongwei , Li Hongbin , Peng Yun , Tai Jun , Bai Jie , Mei Lin , Ji Tingting , Li Xiaodan , Liu Yue , Ni Xin 
Published: November 2022

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic sleep‐related breathing disorder in children. Previous studies showed widespread alterations in white matter (WM) in children with OSA mainly by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), while diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) extended DTI and exhibited improved sensitivity in detecting developmental and pathological changes in neural tissues. Therefore, we conducted whole‐brain DTI and DKI analyses and compared the differences in kurtosis and diffusion parameters within the skeleton between 41 children with OSA and 32 healthy children. Between‐group differences were evaluated by tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis (p < 0.05, TFCE corrected), and partial correlations between DKI metrics and sleep parameters were assessed considering age and gender as covariates. Compared with the controls, children with OSA showed significantly decreased kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) mainly in white matter regions with a complex fibre arrangement including the posterior corona radiate (PCR), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF), while decreased FA in white matter regions with a coherent fibre arrangement including the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and corpus callosum (CC). Notably, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the KFA value in complex tissue regions significantly (p < 0.001) differentiated children with OSA from the controls. In addition, the KFA value in the left PCR, SLF, and IFOF showed significant partial correlations to the sleep parameters for children with OSA. Combining DKI derived kurtosis and diffusion parameters can provide complementary neuroimaging biomarkers for assessing white matter alterations, and reveal pathological changes and monitor disease progression in paediatric OSA.
Investigation of high gamma‐glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Peng Sichong , Magdesian K. Gary , Dowd Joseph , Blea Jeffrey , Carpenter Ryan , Ho Wayne , Finno Carrie J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreases in serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity have been reported in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses and associated with maladaptation to training but the underlying etiology remains unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesClassify the etiology of high GGT syndrome in racing TBs by assessment of pancreatic enzymes, vitamin E concentrations, and both a candidate gene and whole genome association study. We hypothesized that a genetic variant resulting in antioxidant insufficiency or pancreatic dysfunction would be responsible for high GGT syndrome in TBs.AnimalsA total of 138 California racing TBs. Amylase: n = 31 affected (serum GGT activity ≥60 IU/L), n = 52 control (serum GGT activity <40 IU/L). Lipase: n = 19 affected, n = 35 control. Serum α‐tocopherol concentrations: n = 32 affected, n = 46 control. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS): 36 affected, 58 control. Whole genome sequencing: n = 5 affected, n = 5 control.MethodsBiochemical and vitamin analytes were compared among cohorts. A GWAS was performed and a subset of TBs underwent whole genome sequencing to interrogate candidate genes and positional genetic regions.ResultsSerum lipase and amylase activity and α‐tocopherol concentrations did not differ between groups. No genetic variants were identified in 2 candidate genes (UGT1A1 and GGT1) that associated with the phenotype. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) approached a suggestive association with the phenotype (P = 2.15 × 10−5), defining a 100 kb region on chromosome 5 surrounding cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A1), a transmembrane gene related to the major histocompatibility complex.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAn underlying genetic etiology may exist for high GGT syndrome in racing TBs, similar to genetic disorders in humans.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor agonists decrease interstitial cells of Cajal in murine colon
Authors: Huang Xu , Ao Jun‐Ping , Fu Han‐Yue , Lu Hong‐Li , Xu Wen‐Xie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) has been reported to affect gastrointestinal motility through corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor located in enteric nervous system (ENS), but less is known about of the relationship between peripheral CRF and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).MethodsMice were intraperitoneally injected with CRF receptor agonists to determine their effects on colonic ICC. Chronic heterotypic stress (CHeS) was applied to mice to determine endogenous CRF‐CRF receptor signaling on colonic ICC.ResultsWe found that stressin1, a selective CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) agonist, significantly increased the expression of CRF1 but had no effect on the expression of CRF2 in the smooth muscles of murine colon. The protein expression of c‐Kit, Anoctamin‐1 (ANO1), and stem cell factor (SCF) in the colonic smooth muscles was significantly decreased in stressin1‐treated mice. Accordingly, 2‐(4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)‐N′‐(2‐methoxybenzylidene) acetohydrazide (Ani 9), a selective ANO1 blocker, had a less significant inhibitory effect on CMMC in stressin1‐treated mice compared to the saline‐treated ones. Similarly, we also found that ICC and ANO1 were reduced in the colonic smooth muscles of mice by treatment with sauvagine (ip), a CRF2 agonist. However, different with stressin1, sauvagine decreased the expression of CRF2 besides increasing CRF1 expression in the colonic smooth muscles. Similar results of CRF1 and c‐Kit expressions were also obtained from the colon of CHeS‐treated mice.ConclusionAll these results suggest that CRF may be involved in the abnormality of colonic motility through peripheral CRF1 to decrease the number and function of ICC, which provides a potential target for treating stress‐induced gastrointestinal motility disorder.
Conflict and Child Mortality in Mali: A Synthetic Control Analysis
Authors: Masset Edoardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndirect effects of conflict on mortality of vulnerable groups are as important, or more important, than the direct effects. However, data limitations and methodological challenges hinder the estimation of excess deaths produced by conflict, and few studies explore the mechanisms by which conflict harms civilian populations. We estimate the impact of the Malian conflict on child mortality over the period 2012–2018 using Demographic Health Survey data. We use birth histories to build time series of child mortality, and we employ novel synthetic control methods to show that the Malian conflict significantly increased child mortality in northern Mali. We conduct a difference‐in‐difference analysis of the impact of conflict on key determinants of maternal and child health and conclude that a reduction in access to safe sanitation and to child vaccinations in conflict areas was among the most likely causes of the increase in mortality. Northern Mali is today one of the poorest and most neglected areas of the world where humanitarian assistance is urgently needed.
Clinical approach to mechanical circulatory support in the transplant patient from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society
Authors: Bearl David W. , Jeewa Aamir , Auerbach Scott R. , Azeka Estela , Phelps Christina , Sacks Loren D. , Rosenthal David , Conway Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for pediatric patients who have undergone heart transplant has grown rapidly in the past decade. This includes support in the immediate post‐transplant period and “rescue” therapy for patient later in their transplant course. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a standard modality of support for intraoperative concerns and for acute decompensation in the immediate post‐transplant period. However, both pulsatile and continuous flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been used with increasing success in transplant patients for longer durations of support. Centers participating in the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) were queried to provide their internal protocols and rationale for mechanical circulatory support following heart transplant. These protocols coupled with evidence‐based literature were used to provide the following description of clinical approaches to MCS in the transplant patient highlighting areas of both broad consensus and significant practice variation.
Genome‐wide identification of heat shock transcription factor families in perennial ryegrass highlights the role of LpHSFC2b in heat stress response
Authors: Sun Tianxiao , Wang Weiliang , Hu Xianmei , Fang Zhengfu , Wang Yanping , Xiang Lin , Chan Zhulong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a cool‐season turf and forage grass. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play an important role in regulating plant abiotic stress. However, HSFs in perennial ryegrass have rarely been characterized. Here, 25 LpHSFs were identified from the perennial ryegrass genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the LpHSFs could be classified into 12 subclasses. Gene structure analysis showed that 22 LpHSFs have only one intron. Cis‐acting elements analysis revealed that the promoter of 15 LpHSFs contained hormone‐responsive and abiotic stress‐responsive elements. Expression profile analysis indicated that 24 LpHSFs were differentially expressed under submerge, drought, heat, and cold stresses. In addition, a subclass C2 gene, LpHSFC2b, was significantly induced by abiotic stresses. The LpHSFC2b protein is localized to the nucleus, and heterologous expression of LpHSFC2b in Arabidopsis improves plant thermotolerance. This study provides insights useful for the breeding of stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
Beachrocks and lithified barriers in the Gulf of Lions (western Mediterranean Sea) as new markers of the last sea‐level rise
Authors: Giresse Pierre , Berné Serge , Certain Raphaël , Courp Thierry , Hebert Bertil , Raynal Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Gulf of Lions shelf (southern part of the French Mediterranean coast) displays several occurrences of beachrocks, thus offering an exceptional opportunity to determine the stages of the last marine transgression. These beachrocks crop out especially on the outer shelf and near the modern shoreline. In addition, several other exposures are located on the inner shelf between 10 m and 25 m. The absence of exposure on the middle shelf (water depths of 25 to 90 m) is probably related to a higher rate of sea‐level rise. Most of the beachrocks occur at the top of two or three parallel and contiguous barriers. The seaward barriers are generally less lithified than the inner barriers. Each barrier displays an asymmetrical profile, the seaward slope being more accentuated. This gently‐dipping landward slope forms part of the outer trough resulting from resuspension due to enhanced turbulence at the barrier toe. Almost all of these beachrocks are coarse quartz‐rich sandstones and conglomerates, whose large pore space has been first filled by magnesian calcite (ca 11 mol.% MgCO3), which predominantly fills the voids. Secondary sparites or microsparites, also composed of high‐magnesian calcite, may develop locally in the last remaining voids. Finally, more rarely and very locally (for example, Pierres de Sète), a late‐stage cementation of low‐magnesian calcite is observed which expresses a brief episode of influence from a nearby freshwater groundwater table. The δ18O and δ13C values reflect the relative geochemical homogeneity of these Gulf of Lions beachrocks. However, they are quite distinct from other marine cements and, in particular, those of the eastern Mediterranean, expressing lower temperatures and a lack of influence of dissolved carbon linked to terrigenous fluxes. Based on the radiocarbon ages of these calcitic cements, this study proposes new index points on sea‐level positions in the Gulf of Lions from −95 to 108 m to −0.3 m water depths, between ca 18 583 a cal bp and 633 a cal bp.
Working‐class Latina/o youth navigating stratification and inequality: A review of literature
Authors: Canizales Stephanie L. , Hondagneu‐Sotelo Pierrette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReflecting broader systems of stratification and inequality, sociological research shows that working‐class Latina/o immigrant families experience multiple marginalizations that require their children and youth to transcend the bounds of normative childhood by prematurely taking on roles and responsibilities typically thought of as reserved for adults. Still, the work kids do is largely studied in isolation and treated as exceptional. This paper brings together empirical research on poor and working‐class immigrant Latina/o youth and families to show that, in the face of stratification and growing inequality, these youth's labor is commonplace, spanning across multiple spheres of society, and that it is so because these youth's labor is essential to their personal and familial stability in the short‐term and mobility in the long‐term. Through this review, we conclude that Latina/o immigrant youth's financial, legal, cultural, and emotional labor must be considered when assessing the social forces that determine youth's socioeconomic and socioemotional outcomes in adulthood. We offer this analysis to advance scholarship on Latina/o stratification, immigration, and children's and youth's role in their individual and familial life outcomes.
The transnational village in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Rose Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMigrants in 2020 stay connected with their homes in ways unimaginable just 10 years ago. In the case of the Australian Seasonal Worker Program (SWP) which facilitates the short term, repeat travel of Timorese to Australia to engage in harvest labour, this connectivity particularly pronounced and important. In this article, drawing on original ethnographic fieldwork in the household of a returned SWP worker in Oecussi, I argue that this connectivity is intense enough that it calls us to reassess what we mean by migration how we think about its impact on development. Rather than thinking of SWP participants as migrants, I argue, it may be more useful to think of them as ‘trans‐national villagers’ whose international labour encodes understandings of work and wealth that are essentially an extension of those prevailing in Timor and definitive in its impact.
Blood utilization in liver transplantation (BUILT): A multidisciplinary survey of transfusion practices
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Hess Aaron S. , Rajendran Pranesh , Tanaka Kenichi A. , Cushing Melissa M. , Eichbaum Quentin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to survey liver transplant centers in the United States to assess baseline practices in blood utilization and identify opportunities for standardization to optimize blood use in these complex cases.Study Design and MethodsTwo surveys, one for transfusion medicine physicians and the other for anesthesiologists, were distributed to high‐volume liver transplant centers.ResultsThe response rate was 52% for both surveys. The majority of respondents (90%) indicated they issue a standardized number of blood products to start surgeries. The most common number of products issued before the start of cases were 10 red blood cells (RBC) and 10 plasma units with no platelets or cryoprecipitate. On average, fewer RBC (7.5) and plasma (7) units were transfused than issued. Decisions to transfuse RhD+ RBCs to RhD‐ patients and use antigen untested units in alloimmunized patients were mainly handled on a case‐by‐case basis. Many centers reported utilizing viscoelastic testing (97%) and cell salvage (97%). Most centers reported standardized, laboratory‐based intraoperative transfusion goals for RBCs (65%) and fibrinogen replacement (52%) but lacked a standardized approach for plasma (55%) and platelets (58%).DiscussionMore blood products are issued during surgery than are transfused. Responses from anesthesiology providers suggest a broad consensus on practice. Almost all respondents use viscoelastic testing in the management of intraoperative coagulopathy, either alone or in combination with classical coagulation tests. The majority of programs do not transfuse clotting factor concentrates, including fibrinogen concentrate, prothrombin complex concentrates, and recombinant activated FVII, and do not use antifibrinolytics prophylactically.
CT diagnosis of occipital condyle fracture in a dog presented for severe cervical hyperesthesia
Authors: Ledeganck Liesbet , Kromhout Kaatje , Chiers Koen , Van der Vekens Elke , Van Ham Luc , Bhatti Sofie F.M. , Cornelis Ine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 9‐month‐old male entire Doberman Pinscher presented with acute onset of severe cervical hyperesthesia after a fall. Neurological examination revealed a normal gait with low head carriage and severe cervical hyperesthesia. A CT scan of the cervical vertebral column revealed the presence of a comminuted fracture at the dorsomedial aspect of the right occipital condyle and sclerosis of the underlying bone. Medical management was initiated consisting of an external bandage, strict rest, and pain medication. Due to the lack of clinical improvement, the dog was euthanized 2 months after diagnosis. Histopathology of the lesion was compatible with a healing fracture.