bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ellipsars: Ring-like Explosions from Flattened Stars
Authors: DuPont Marcus , MacFadyen Andrew , Zrake Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The stellar cataclysms producing astronomical transients have long been modeled as either a point-like explosion or jet-like engine ignited at the center of a spherically symmetric star. However, many stars are observed, or are expected on theoretical grounds, not to be precisely spherically symmetric, but rather to have a slightly flattened geometry similar to that of an oblate spheroid. Here we present axisymmetric two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the dynamics of point-like explosions initiated at the center of an aspherical massive star with a range of oblateness. We refer to these exploding aspherical stars as “ellipsars” in reference to the elliptical shape of the isodensity contours of their progenitors in the two-dimensional axisymmetric case. We find that ellipsars are capable of accelerating expanding rings of relativistic ejecta. which may lead to the production of astronomical transients including low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts, relativistic supernovae, and fast blue optical transients
Enhanced Star Formation Activity of Extreme Jellyfish Galaxies in Massive Clusters and the Role of Ram Pressure Stripping
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwan , Lee Myung Gyoon , Mun Jae Yeon , Cho Brian S. , Kang Jisu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Jellyfish galaxies are an excellent tool to investigate the short-term effects of ram pressure stripping (RPS) on star formation in cluster environments. It has been thought that the star formation activity of jellyfish galaxies may depend on the host-cluster properties, but previous studies have not yet found a clear correlation. In this study, we estimate the Hα-based star formation rates (SFRs) of five jellyfish galaxies in massive clusters (σ

v,cl ≳ 1000 km s−1) at z ∼ 0.3−0.4 using Gemini GMOS/IFU observations to explore the relationship. Combining our results with those in the literature, we find that the star formation activity of jellyfish galaxies shows a positive correlation with their host-cluster velocity dispersion as a proxy of cluster mass and dynamical states. We divide the jellyfish galaxy sample into two groups with strong and weak RPS signatures using a morphological class. In the phase-space diagram, the jellyfish galaxies with strong RPS features show a higher SFR and a stronger central concentration than those with weak RPS features. We estimate their SFR excess relative to the star formation main sequence (starburstiness; R
SB = SFR/SFRMS(z)) and the density of the surrounding intracluster medium (ICM) using scaling relations with the cluster velocity dispersion. As a result, the starburstiness of jellyfish galaxies with strong RPS signatures clearly exhibits positive correlations with cluster velocity dispersion, ICM density, and strength of ram pressure. This shows that the relation between RPS and star formation activity of jellyfish galaxies depends on the host-cluster properties and strength of the ram pressure.
The Warm Neptune GJ 3470b Has a Polar Orbit
Authors: Stefànsson Guđmundur , Mahadevan Suvrath , Petrovich Cristobal , Winn Joshua N. , Kanodia Shubham , Millholland Sarah C. , Maney Marissa , Cañas Caleb I. , Wisniewski John , Robertson Paul , Ninan Joe P. , Ford Eric B. , Bender Chad F. , Blake Cullen H. , Cegla Heather , Cochran William D. , Diddams Scott A. , Dong Jiayin , Endl Michael , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Hebb Leslie , Hirano Teruyuki , Lin Andrea S. J. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Lubar Emily , McElwain Michael W. , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Rajagopal Jayadev , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Schweiker Heidi , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The warm Neptune GJ 3470b transits a nearby (d = 29 pc) bright slowly rotating M1.5-dwarf star. Using spectroscopic observations during two transits with the newly commissioned NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory, we model the classical Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, yielding a sky-projected obliquity of

λ
=

98

−
12

+
15

◦

and a

v
sin
i
=

0.85

−
0.33

+
0.27

km

s

−
1

. Leveraging information about the rotation period and size of the host star, our analysis yields a true obliquity of

ψ
=

95

−
8

+
9

◦

, revealing that GJ 3470b is on a polar orbit. Using radial velocities from HIRES, HARPS, and the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, we show that the data are compatible with a long-term radial velocity (RV) slope of

γ

̇

=
−
0.0022
±
0.0011

m

s

−
1

day

−
1

over a baseline of 12.9 yr. If the RV slope is due to acceleration from another companion in the system, we show that such a companion is capable of explaining the polar and mildly eccentric orbit of GJ 3470b using two different secular excitation models. The existence of an outer companion can be further constrained with additional RV observations, Gaia astrometry, and future high-contrast imaging observations. Lastly, we show that tidal heating from GJ 3470b’s mild eccentricity has most likely inflated the radius of GJ 3470b by a factor of ∼1.5–1.7, which could help account for its evaporating atmosphere.
Solar-like Dynamos and Rotational Scaling of Cycles from Star-in-a-box Simulations
Authors: Käpylä Petri J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic star-in-a-box simulations of convection and dynamos in a solar-like star with different rotation rates are presented. These simulations produce solar-like differential rotation with a fast equator and slow poles and magnetic activity that resembles that of the Sun with equatorward migrating activity at the surface. Furthermore, the ratio of rotation to cycle period is almost constant, as the rotation period decreases in the limited sample considered here. This is reminiscent of the suggested inactive branch of stars from observations and differs from most earlier simulation results from spherical shell models. While the exact excitation mechanism of the dynamos in the current simulations is not yet clear, it is shown that it is plausible that the greater freedom that the magnetic field has due to the inclusion of the radiative core and regions exterior to the star are important in shaping the dynamo.
Neutrino Mass Bounds in the Era of Tension Cosmology
Authors: Di Valentino Eleonora , Melchiorri Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies made by the Planck satellite provide extremely tight upper bounds on the total neutrino mass scale (Σm

ν
< 0.26 eV at 95% C.L.). However, as recently discussed in the literature, the Planck data show anomalies that could affect this result. Here we provide new constraints on neutrino masses using the recent and complementary CMB measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR4 and the South Pole Telescope SPT-3G experiments. We found that both the ACT-DR4 and SPT-3G data, when combined with WMAP, mildly suggest a neutrino mass with Σm

ν
= 0.68 ± 0.31 and

0.46

−
0.36

+
0.14

eV at 68% C.L., respectively. Moreover, when CMB lensing from the Planck experiment is included, the ACT-DR4 data now indicate a neutrino mass above the two standard deviations, with

Σ

m

ν

=

0.60

−
0.50

+
0.44

eV at 95% C.L., while WMAP+SPT-3G provides a weak upper limit of Σm

ν
< 0.37 eV at 68% C.L. Interestingly, these results are consistent with the Planck CMB+lensing constraint of

Σ

m

ν

=

0.41

−
0.25

+
0.17

eV at 68% C.L. when variations in the A
lens parameter are considered. We also show that these indications are still present after the inclusion of BAO or Type Ia supernova data in extended cosmologies that are usually considered to solve the so-called Hubble tension. In this respect, we note that in these models, CMB+BAO constraints prefer a higher neutrino mass for higher values of the Hubble constant. A combination of ACT-DR4, WMAP, BAO, and constraints on the Hubble constant from the SH0ES collaboration gives

Σ

m

ν

=

0.39

−
0.25

+
0.13

eV at 68% C.L. in extended cosmologies.
The Universe is Brighter in the Direction of Our Motion: Galaxy Counts and Fluxes are Consistent with the CMB Dipole
Authors: Darling Jeremy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An observer moving with respect to the cosmic rest frame should observe a concentration and brightening of galaxies in the direction of motion and a spreading and dimming in the opposite direction. The velocity inferred from this dipole should match that of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature dipole if galaxies are on average at rest with respect to the CMB rest frame. However, recent studies have claimed a many-fold enhancement of galaxy counts and flux in the direction of the solar motion compared to the CMB expectation, calling into question the standard cosmology. Here we show that the sky distribution and brightness of extragalactic radio sources are consistent with the CMB dipole in direction and velocity. We use the first epoch of the Very Large Array Sky Survey combined with the Rapid Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder Continuum Survey to estimate the dipole via several different methods, and all show similar results. Typical fits find a

331

−
107

+
161

km s−1 velocity dipole with apex

(
ℓ
,
b
)
=
(

271

−
58

+
55

,

56

−
35

+
13

)

in Galactic coordinates from source counts and

399

−
199

+
264

km s−1 toward

(
ℓ
,
b
)
=
(

301

−
30

+
30

,

43

−
17

+
19

)

from radio fluxes. These are consistent with the CMB-solar velocity, 370 km s−1 toward (ℓ, b) = (264, 48), and show that galaxies are on average at rest with respect to the rest frame of the early universe, as predicted by the canonical cosmology.
Prospective Implications of Insufficient Sleep for Athletes
Authors: Riegler Kaitlin Elizabeth , Guty Erin T. , Thomas Garrett A. , Bradson Megan L. , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: May 2022

ContextPoor sleep is common in collegiate student-athletes and is associated with heterogeneous self-reported complaints at baseline. However, the long-term implications of poor sleep at baseline have been less well studied.ObjectiveTo examine the implications of insufficient sleep at baseline, as well as factors such as symptom reporting and neurocognitive performance at baseline associated with insufficient sleep, for the risk of sport-related concussion (SRC).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUndergraduate institution.Patients or Other ParticipantsStudent-athletes (N = 614) were divided into 2 groups based on the hours slept the night before baseline testing: sufficient (&gt;7.07 hours) or insufficient (≤5.78 hours) sleepers. Athletes who went on to sustain an SRC during their athletic careers at our university were identified.Main Outcome Measure(s)Four symptom clusters (cognitive, physical, affective, and sleep) and headache were examined as self-reported outcomes. Four neurocognitive outcome measures were explored: mean composite of memory, mean composite of attention/processing speed, memory intraindividual variability (IIV), and attention/processing speed IIV.ResultsInsufficient sleepers at baseline were nearly twice as likely (15.69%) as sufficient sleepers (8.79%) to go on to sustain an SRC. Insufficient sleepers at baseline, whether or not they went on to sustain an SRC, reported a higher number of baseline symptoms than did sufficient sleepers. When compared with either insufficient sleepers at baseline who did not go on to incur an SRC or with sufficient sleepers who did go on to sustain an SRC, the insufficient sleep group that went on to incur an SRC performed worse at baseline on mean attention/processing speed.ConclusionsThe combination of insufficient sleep and worse attention/processing speed performance at baseline may increase the risk of sustaining a future SRC.
Dewilding ‘Wolf-land’
Authors: Sands Dara 
Published: May 2022

Fostering coexistence between people and wildlife is crucial to both the conservation and restoration of wildlife populations across the globe. Yet, so far research exploring human-wildlife conflict and coexistence has been largely ahistorical, with little focus on the historical trajectories through which human-wildlife interactions have shifted from coexistence to conflicts which have led to wildlife eradication in the past. This paper responds by examining the historical drivers of change which disrupted a long history of human-wolf coexistence in Ireland. Drawing on an extensive review of primary historical sources and secondary literature and applying analytical tools from environmental history, the paper first illustrates the diverse practices and attitudes which helped sustain a continuous period of coexistence up to the seventeenth century. The paper then illustrates how coexistence unravelled during the early modern period following the island's integration into an expanding global capitalist system under a colonial regime who redefined Ireland as a primitive 'Wolf-land'. By engaging with the historical dimensions of human-wildlife interactions and drawing attention to how wildlife has become enrolled in past social conflicts, the article highlights the importance of historical perspectives for informing current strategies aimed at positively transforming human-wildlife conflict towards inclusive and socially just forms of coexistence.
Abstract in Irish: https://bit.ly/33kuqHY
Impact of educational interventions on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting by resident doctors and faculty members
Authors: Belhekar Mahesh N. , Dhorajiwala Shakeeb S. , Krishnamurthy B. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose/Aim:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are significantly under-reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of educational interventions (EIs) on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hospital resident doctors and faculty members and compare ADR reporting in EI (medical specialties) vs. non-EI (surgical specialties) in these two cadres of doctors.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a prospective comparative study conducted in two groups (EI and non-EI) in resident doctors and faculty members working at a tertiary care hospital. EI group (medical specialties) were provided with EI to increase awareness about ADR reporting, whereas in non-EI group (surgical specialties), no EI was provided and they served as control. Respondents were asked to fill a pretest questionnaire followed by interactive EI in EI group and posttest questionnaire in both groups. The impact of EI among respondents was evaluated by their response to questionnaire and number of ADRs reported after intervention.

Results:
Total (n = 202) respondents were enrolled in the study. The number of resident doctors and faculty members in each group were (n = 101 [50%]). Overall, (n = 100 [49.5%]) were from the medical and (n = 102 [50.5%]) from surgical specialty. Post-EI period, there was statistically significant improvement in KAP domains.

Conclusion:
Our study serves as credible evidence that through EI; statistically significant improvement in KAP of resident doctors and faculty members in both medical and surgical specialties toward ADR reporting and existing pharmacovigilance system can be achieved.
Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in children in Switzerland: a national prospective cohort study
Authors: Gradoux  Eugénie  , Di Bernardo Stefano , Bressieux-Degueldre Sabrina , Mivelaz Yvan , Boulos Ksontini Tatiana , Prsa Milan , Sekarski Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AIM OF THE STUDY: Kawasaki disease is a febrile illness which can lead to significant coronary artery lesions. Its incidence varies among countries and is highest in Japan (330.2 children under 5 years old/100,000 per year). Since the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Switzerland is unknown, we conducted a national prospective data collection between 2013 and 2017 to describe its incidence, diagnosis, and treatment.
METHODS: We collected demographic and clinical data of the children under 17 years old hospitalised with Kawasaki disease in Switzerland between March 2013 and February 2017 using anonymous data collection forms with the help of the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU). We defined Kawasaki disease per the 2004 American Heart Association criteria: patients with ≥5 days of fever and ≥4 of the 5 main clinical features were included as complete Kawasaki disease and patients with ≥5 days of fever and <4 of the 5 main clinical features were included as incomplete Kawasaki disease. The incidence was calculated with the data of the Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland, considering permanent residents of the country. The different groups were compared by the unpaired student t-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi squared test for categorical variables, respectively.
RESULTS: We included 175 patients: 60% were boys, with a mean age of 38.2 months. The incidence of Kawasaki disease was 3.1/100,000 [95% CI 2.6–3.7] per year in children under 17 years of age and 8.4/100,000 [95% CI 6.7–10.2] per year in children under 5 years of age. The most frequent clinical signs were a rash (85.4%) and changes of the lips and oral/pharyngeal mucosa (83.4%). The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made at a mean of 7.3 days after the first symptom. Echocardiography was abnormal in 52.3%. The treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acid was administered in accordance with international guidelines. Subgroup analysis showed that children older than 5 years old had significantly more complete Kawasaki disease than the younger ones (78.8% vs 57.4%, p = 0.021). Children with “extreme ages” (<1 year old and >8 years old) were diagnosed later (8.6 (±0.9) vs 7.0 (±0.3) days, p = 0.0129), had longer duration of fever (9.8 (±0.9) vs 8.1 (±0.3) days, p = 0.013) and had more echocardiographic abnormalities (n = 26 (70.3%) vs n = 65 (47.5%), p = 0.014) at diagnosis. One child died during the acute phase of the illness.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Kawasaki disease in Switzerland is in the lower range of other European countries.
Adolescent Smoking: A Cross-sectional Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Filipino Adolescents in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Esteban-Ipac Natasha Ann R. , Torres-Ticzon Vanessa Maria 
Published: May 2022

Objective. The study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Filipino adolescents aged 13-18 years old regarding cigarette smoking.
Methods. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that utilized a questionnaire adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.
Results. The prevalence among study participants who tried smoking (11.8%) and current users (3.6%) is lower than the global statistics and the country’s reported prevalence, but started at a younger age (5.3% started smoking at 12-13 years old). Electronic cigarette (12.9%) is more commonly tried and used than conventional cigarettes (11.8%). Ninety five percent (95%) of the participants view smoking as harmful. Some (13.5%) do not know the effects of smoking, 1.1% consider it harmless, and 8.2% have no objections to starting to smoke someday. Most adolescents (49.1%) do not know the price of cigarettes, but 22% prefer to pay less than the actual price.
Conclusion. Adolescents are knowledgeable and have a negative attitude towards smoking. Regardless if they are non-smokers, tried smoking, or are currently smoking, they still need to be educated more regarding the effects and consequences of smoking.
Competência leitora na cultura digital e a biblioteca escolar: a contribuição do letramento informacional
Authors: Gasque Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias , Santos Andrea Pereira 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: O artigo pretende discutir sobre a contribuição da biblioteca escolar no contexto da leitura atual. A transição da leitura do formato impresso para o digital tem provocado discussões entre pesquisadores da área sobre a influência da cultura digital no cérebro humano, visto que a leitura em tela e o uso dos recursos digitais fragmentam o conteúdo e a atenção dos leitores.
Método: Por meio da análise de vídeos do youtube realizados por bibliotecas e bibliotecários no Brasil, durante parte do período de pandemia do coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, os dados mostram que as bibliotecas escolares do Brasil, tradicionalmente, estimularam a leitura e continuam a fazê-la na sociedade contemporânea, mas além disso, preocupam-se também com a formação científica dos estudantes e o desenvolvimento de competências relacionadas à busca, à seleção, ao uso e à comunicação das informações.
Resultado: A formação de leitores de 0 a 10 anos, proposta por Wolf (2019), foi comparada com os conteúdos de letramento informacional, transpostos por Gasque (2012), para a educação básica, considerando os parâmetros curriculares vigentes na época.
Conclusões: O resultado mostra compatibilidade entre ambos (digital e impresso). A leitura profunda[1] em diferentes gêneros e formatos é considerada uma das competências a ser desenvolvida nesse processo. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que a coexistência entre o mundo digital e físico é essencial para que se possa contribuir para a formação intelectual e leitora dos estudantes.
Review Karakterisasi Karbon Aktif dari Berbagai Jenis Serbuk Kayu
Authors: Syamboga Axo , Budianto Agus 
Published: May 2022

Karbon aktif merupakan bahan yang sering digunakan sebagai adsorben karena memiliki luas permukaan yang lebih besar daripada jenis adsorben lainnya. Karbon aktif dapat diproduksi dari berbagai macam bahan dasar organik maupun anorganik yang mempunyai kandungan karbon dan berpori salah satunya yaitu serbuk kayu. Proses utama pembuatan karbon aktif berupa proses karbonasi dan aktivasi secara fisika atau kimia. Dari hasil studi literatur, diperoleh hasil karakterisasi karbon aktif terbaik berupa BET Surface Area sebesar 2435 m2/g dari bahan dasar serbuk kayu Paulownia dengan aktivasi kimia, Bilangan iodin sebesar 1019 mg/g dari serbuk kayu Bakau dengan aktivasi kimia, dan Karbon aktif dari serbuk kayu dapat menyerap limbah logam berat berupa Fosfat, Pb(II), Fe, Mn, Cr(VI), Nitrat dan juga Uranium. Karbon aktif juga dapat menyerap zat warna berupa Metilen Biru dan DB2B (Direct Blue 2B).
Kata kunci: Karbon Aktif, Serbuk Kayu, Adsorpsi
Pemanfaatan Algoritma K-Means Clustering dalam Mengolah Pengaruh Hasil Belajar Terhadap Pendapatan Orang Tua Pada Mata Pelajaran Produktif
Authors: Yannuansa Nanndo , Safaâ€™udin Muhamad , Aziz Mochammad Ilham 
Published: May 2022

Tingginya tingkat keberhasilan siswa dan rendahnya tingkat kegagalan siswa merupakan cemin kualitas dunia pendidikan. Dunia pendidikan saat ini dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan bersaing dengan memanfaatkan semua sumber daya yang dimiliki. Selain sumber daya manusia dan sistem informasi, sarana dan prasarana merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan barsaing. Penelitain ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil clusterisasi pada data Hasil belajar siswa dengan pemanfaatan algoritma K-Means Clustering untuk pengambilan kebijakan strategi dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk Algoritma K-Means Clustering, data dikelompokkan berdasarkan karateristik yang sama dan dimasukkan kedalam kelompok atau cluster. Informasi yang akan ditampilkan berupa pengelompokan pengaruh hasil belajar siswa dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini bahwa dengan menggunakan Algoritma K-Means Clustering adalah kelompok siswa yang termasuk mendapatkan hasil kurang rata rata orang tua mendapatkan penghasilan pas-pasan ,dan siswa yang mendapatkan hasil baik orang tua siswa adalah golongan dari orang mampu karena untuk menunjang nilai prdofuktif diperlukan alat-alat praktikum yang memadai dan siswa dapat menguasai terlebih kamera dan alat video recorder , sedangkan siswa yang masuk kedalam kelompok sedang orang tua berpenghasilan standar yaitu golongan menengah.