bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related differences in the error‐related negativity and error positivity in children and adolescents are moderated by sample and methodological characteristics: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Boen Rune , Quintana Daniel S. , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Tamnes Christian K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological components associated with error processing that are thought to exhibit distinctive developmental trajectories from childhood to adulthood. To investigate the age and age moderation effects on the ERN and the Pe strength during development, we conducted a preregistered three‐level meta‐analysis synthesizing 120 and 41 effect sizes across 18 group comparison studies and 19 correlational studies, respectively. The meta‐analysis included studies with mean age between 3.6 and 28.7 (min‐max age range: 3.5 and 49.8) years for age‐group comparisons and 6.1 to 18.7 (min‐max age range: 4.0–35.7) years for age correlations. Results showed that age was associated with a more negative ERN (SMD = −.433, r = −.230). No statistically significant association between age and the Pe was found (SMD = .059, r = −.091), except for in a group comparison between younger and older adolescents. The age effects were not significantly moderated by whether a Flanker or a Go/No‐Go task was used, whereas a probabilistic learning task moderated the age effect on the Pe. Moreover, the Fz and Cz electrode sites yielded stronger negative associations between age and the ERN and the Pe, respectively. The results confirm that the ERN and the Pe show differential development courses and suggest that sample and methodological characteristics influence the age effects, and lay the foundation for investigations of developmental patterns of the ERN and the Pe in relation to psychopathology and early genetic and environmental risk factors.
Group differences in agency modulate error monitoring
Authors: Bauer Elizabeth A. , MacNamara Annmarie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMistakes can lead to aversive outcomes. Error monitoring may help prevent mistakes, but it might be maladaptive for individuals who lack control over aversive outcomes, as it consumes cognitive processing resources that could be allocated elsewhere. Here, we examined the effect of agency (i.e., control over punishment) on error monitoring using the error‐related negativity (ERN), an event‐related potential measure of error monitoring and error rate. Ninety unselected participants performed a flanker task in which they were shocked according to their own errors (controllable punishment, n = 47) or were shocked in accordance with another participant's errors (uncontrollable punishment, n = 43). Participants without agency over punishment showed smaller ERNs and higher error rates compared with participants with agency. Furthermore, punishment only reduced error rates for participants with agency. Together, these results provide the first experimental evidence that agency modulates error monitoring and suggest an adaptive process in which error monitoring is increased/decreased depending on its utility.
Snakes and ladders and loaded dice: Poverty dynamics and inequality in South Africa between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Schotte Simone , Zizzamia Rocco , Leibbrandt Murray 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLongitudinal surveys allow us to understand how markers of (dis)advantage determine present material welfare and economic upward or downward mobility over time. In this paper, we use five waves of panel data to empirically assess the extent and dynamics of poverty in South Africa between 2008 and 2017. Investigating the correlates of poverty entries and exits, we analyse how multidimensional inequalities in terms of household‐ and individual‐level characteristics relate to these dynamics and identify markers of vulnerability. We utilise these markers to classify the South African population into five strata characterised by their present and future risk to poverty.
Do political relations affect exports to China? Evidence from the ‘Quad’
Authors: Agarwal Vishesh , Golley Jane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper quantifies the effects of shocks in political relations on merchandise goods exports to China for the’Quad’ countries, namely Australia, India, Japan and the USA, between 1998 and 2018. Using a vector auto‐regression approach, our estimates suggest that deteriorating political relations only have short‐ and long‐run effects on India's aggregate export growth to China over this period; for Australia, Japan and the USA, there are none. A time‐disaggregated analysis of 5‐year sub‐periods shows that long‐term effects (lasting for up to 2 years) are significant for India and Japan for the sub‐period 1998–2002, while in all other sub‐periods there are no significant effects for any of the four countries. A product‐disaggregated analysis of the top five exports for each of the Quad countries to China reveals that, while the effects of political relations on trade do vary by product type and country in the short term, there are no long‐run effects of deteriorating political relations on any of these countries’ major exports to China.
Chronic wounds: Treatment consensus
Authors: Eriksson Elof , Liu Paul Y. , Schultz Gregory S. , Martins‐Green Manuela M. , Tanaka Rica , Weir Dot , Gould Lisa J. , Armstrong David G. , Gibbons Gary W. , Wolcott Randy , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Kirsner Robert S. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Wound Healing Foundation (WHF) recognised a need for an unbiased consensus on the best treatment of chronic wounds. A panel of 13 experts were invited to a virtual meeting which took place on 27 March 2021. The proceedings were organised in the sub‐sections diagnosis, debridement, infection control, dressings, grafting, pain management, oxygen treatment, outcomes and future needs. Eighty percent or better concurrence among the panellists was considered a consensus. A large number of critical questions were discussed and agreed upon. Important takeaways included that wound care needs to be simplified to a point that it can be delivered by the patient or the patient's family. Another one was that telemonitoring, which has proved very useful during the COVID‐19 pandemic, can help reduce the frequency of interventions by a visiting nurse or a wound care center. Defining patient expectations is critical to designing a successful treatment. Patient outcomes might include wound specific outcomes such as time to heal, wound size reduction, as well as improvement in quality of life. For those patients with expectations of healing, an aggressive approach to achieve that goal is recommended. When healing is not an expectation, such as in patients receiving palliative wound care, outcomes might include pain reduction, exudate management, odour management and/or other quality of life benefits to wound care.
Evaluation of Synergy Between Lignite and Carbonized Biomass During Co-Combustion
Authors: Aydemir Sinem Ozsoy , Haykiri-Acma Hanzade , Yaman Serdar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Synergy often occurs between coal and biomass during co-utilization, and the combustion reactivity and combustion properties of coal are affected mainly due to high volatile matter in biomass. However, it is not clear that a synergistic interaction will be encountered if coal is processed with biochar that contains a limited amount of volatiles due to charring process. In this article, the existence of synergy was questioned based on the thermal analysis data obtained from the co-combustion of several biochars and lignite. The biochars produced at 400 °C from lignocellulosic biomasses such as Fraxinus (FR—ash tree), Populus hybrids (PO—hybrid poplar), and Rhododendron (RH) were blended with Turkish lignite (Adıyaman-Golbasi) to form blends that contain 5–15% biochars. These blends were burned in a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the combustion characteristics of the blends were evaluated, considering the criteria that include the reactivity and combustion performance indices including ignition index, comprehensive combustion index, burnout performance index, combustion stability indices, and rate and intensity index. Also, synergy indices such as synergy indicator, synergy factor, and interaction coefficient were calculated to identify the presence and intensity of synergy. It was concluded that depending on the type of biochar and the addition rate, changes occurred in the combustion properties of the coal, which can sometimes be considered as additive behavior and sometimes as a synergistic interaction. The presence of 5% or 10% PO biochar in the blends resulted in very obvious synergies in combustion characteristics according to all eight criteria considered.
New Procedure for Optimal Integration of Steam Power Plant With Process Site Utility to Produce Power, Steam, and Freshwater
Authors: Ghiasi Mahdi , Khosgoftar Manesh Mohammad Hasan , Lari Kamran , Salehi Gholam Reza , Torabi Azad Masoud 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Steam power plants are usually used for producing electricity and can simultaneously work as a multigeneration plant to produce steam, freshwater, and power. This study performed the optimal combination of a steam power station as the source and a site utility system as the sink of power and steam. Approximating the potential of the cogeneration before designing a central utility system for site utility systems is vital to set goals for onsite fuel demand along with power, freshwater, and steam production. For this purpose, a precise and efficient cogeneration targeting strategy was utilized to couple a site utility of a process and a steam power plant. This study proposed a novel strategy for optimal designing integrated steam power plants and site utility consisting of process station industries. Accordingly, exergy, exergoenvironmental, and exergoeconomic analyses were conducted. The environmental impacts of life cycle assessment (LCA) in exergoenvironmental analysis were apportioned to the exergy streams, pointing out the key factors of the system with the most significant impact on the environment and possible improvements related to them. Besides, the water cycle algorithm (WCA) was employed to optimize the integrated plant. The capabilities of the proposed procedure were implemented to the petrochemical complex site utility and steam power plant. The results showed that an optimum solution was achieved using the new procedure with significantly reduced computation time.
Representation of 3-h Offshore Short-Crested Wave Field in the Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Model REEF3D::FNPF
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Pakozdi Csaba , Kamath Arun , Bihs Hans 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stochastic wave properties are crucial for the design of offshore structures. Short-crested seas are commonly seen at the sites of offshore structures, especially during storm events. A long time duration is required in order to obtain the statistical properties, which is challenging for numerical simulations. In this scenario, a potential flow solver is ideal due to its computational efficiency. A procedure of reproducing accurate short-crested sea states using the open-source fully nonlinear potential flow model REEF3D::FNPF is presented in the paper. The procedure examines the sensitivity of the resolutions in space and time as well as the arrangements of wave gauge arrays. A narrow band power spectrum and a mildly spreading directional spreading function are simulated, and an equal energy method is used to generate input waves and avoid phase-locking. REEF3D::FNPF solves the Laplace equation together with the boundary conditions using a finite difference method. A sigma grid is used in the vertical direction and the vertical grid clustering follows the principle of constant truncation error. High-order discretization methods are implemented in space and time. Message passing interface is used for high performance computation using multiple processors. Three-hour simulations are performed in full-scale at a hypothetic offshore site with constant water depth. The significant wave height, peak period, kurtosis, skewness and ergodicity are examined in the numerically generated wave field. The stochastic wave properties in the numerical wave tank (NWT) using REEF3D::FNPF match the input wave conditions with high fidelity.
Inequalities in full vaccination coverage based on maternal education and wealth quintiles among children aged 12–23 months: further analysis of national cross-sectional surveys of six South Asian countries
Authors: Acharya Kiran , Dharel Dinesh , Subedi Raj Kumar , Bhattarai Asmita , Paudel Yuba Raj 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare full vaccination coverage and its inequalities (by maternal education and household wealth quintile).DesignThis further analysis was based on the data from national-level cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from six countries in South Asia.SettingWe used most recent DHS data from six South Asian countries: Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and the Maldives. The sample size of children aged 12–23 months ranged from 6697 in the Maldives to 628 900 in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo measure absolute and relative inequalities of vaccination coverage, we used regression-based inequality measures, slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII), respectively, by maternal education and wealth quintile.ResultsFull vaccination coverage was the highest in Bangladesh (84%) and the lowest in Afghanistan (46%), with an average of 61.5% for six countries. Pakistan had the largest inequalities in coverage both by maternal education (SII: −50.0, RII: 0.4) and household wealth quintile (SII: −47.1, RII: 0.5). Absolute inequalities were larger by maternal education compared with wealth quintile in four of the six countries. The relative index of inequality by maternal education was lower in Pakistan (0.5) and Afghanistan (0.5) compared with Nepal (0.7), India (0.7) and Bangladesh (0.7) compared with rest of the countries. By wealth quintiles, RII was lower in Pakistan (0.5) and Afghanistan (0.6) and higher in Nepal (0.9) and Maldives (0.9).ConclusionsThe full vaccination coverage in 12–23 months old children was below 85% in all six countries. Inequalities by maternal education were more profound than household wealth-based inequalities in four of six countries studied, supporting the benefits of maternal education to improve child health outcome.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lima Carlos Neandro Cordeiro , Abreu Isabella Nogueira , Rodrigues Eliene Putira Sacuena , Freitas Vanessa de Oliveira , Botelho Bruno José Sarmento , Souza Sandra Lima , Cayres-Vallinoto Izaura , Guerreiro João Farias , Ishak Ricardo , Vallinoto Antonio C R 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pandemic spread generated serious concern about the impact of the infection on vulnerable indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon. Thus, this study aimed to perform a seroepidemiological survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in those populations.SettingSix indigenous ethnic groups living in the State of Pará (Northern Brazil) were investigated. The villages of Xikrin do Bacajá, Assurini, Araweté, Parakanã, Munduruku and Kararaô were visited from October 2020 to January 2021.Design and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of anti-spike (S1) IgG antibodies. Plasma was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using two assays (a lateral flow rapid test and an ELISA). A total of 1185 individuals of both sexes were enrolled in the study.ResultsThe prevalences of IgM and IgG antibodies were 6.9% and 68.1%, respectively, ranging from 0% to 79.6%, with significant differences (p<0.001) between age groups in three communities (Araweté, Xikrin and Munduruku) and a virulence rate of 0.86%. The overall IgG prevalence obtained by rapid tests and ELISAs were similar, and the agreement of the results between the two tests was 80%, which was classified as good (kappa=0.4987; p<0.001; sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 71.6%). Herd immunity was probably attained, similar to that found in other communities of the Amazon.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly among the indigenous populations investigated, but it had a low mortality rate. It is necessary to expand serological investigations to other communities in the Amazon region of Brazil.
Development, deployment and evaluation of digitally enabled, remote, supported rehabilitation for people with long COVID-19 (Living With COVID-19 Recovery): protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Goodfellow Henry , Bindman Julia , Blandford Ann , Bradbury Katherine , Chaudhry Tahreem , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro , Gomes Manuel , Hamilton Fiona L , Heightman Melissa , Henley William , Hurst John R , Hylton Hannah , Linke Stuart , Pfeffer Paul , Ricketts William , Robson Chris , Singh Richa , Stevenson Fiona A , Walker Sarah , Waywell Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLong COVID-19 is a distressing, disabling and heterogeneous syndrome often causing severe functional impairment. Predominant symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment (‘brain fog’), breathlessness and anxiety or depression. These symptoms are amenable to rehabilitation delivered by skilled healthcare professionals, but COVID-19 has put severe strain on healthcare systems. This study aims to explore whether digitally enabled, remotely supported rehabilitation for people with long COVID-19 can enable healthcare systems to provide high quality care to large numbers of patients within the available resources. Specific objectives are to (1) develop and refine a digital health intervention (DHI) that supports patient assessment, monitoring and remote rehabilitation; (2) develop implementation models that support sustainable deployment at scale; (3) evaluate the impact of the DHI on recovery trajectories and (4) identify and mitigate health inequalities due to the digital divide.Methods and analysisMixed-methods, theoretically informed, single-arm prospective study, combining methods drawn from engineering/computer science with those from biomedicine. There are four work packages (WP), one for each objective. WP1 focuses on identifying user requirements and iteratively developing the intervention to meet them; WP2 combines qualitative data from users with learning from implementation science and normalisation process theory, to promote adoption, scale-up, spread and sustainability of the intervention; WP3 uses quantitative demographic, clinical and resource use data collected by the DHI to determine illness trajectories and how these are affected by use of the DHI; while WP4 focuses on identifying and mitigating health inequalities and overarches the other three WPs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval obtained from East Midlands – Derby Research Ethics Committee (reference 288199). Our dissemination strategy targets three audiences: (1) Policy makers, Health service managers and clinicians responsible for delivering long COVID-19 services; (2) patients and the public; (3) academics.Trial registration numberResearch Registry number: researchregistry6173.
‘Where is the ECG machine?’: a quality improvement project using WhatsApp to improve the efficiency in locating shared medical devices in an inpatient unit
Authors: Ali Adnan , Khan Haroon , Tully Vicki 
Published: February 2022

Access to medical devices are vital to deliver safe patient care. In the context of constrained resources, however, clinical areas often have insufficient basic equipment, which tend to be shared among multiple clinical teams. This can result in delayed patient management and reduced institutional productivity. In our experience, in 2019, while working at Carseview Centre, an inpatient mental health unit in Dundee (National Health Service Tayside), there was only one functioning ECG machine shared between the five wards.Using the work WhatsApp chat, we aimed to facilitate better sharing of the one machine. Plan, do, study, act (PDSA) 1 intervention introduced the project protocol, which encouraged doctors to post a photo of the device after use, captioned with its location. PDSA 2 involved printing a physical copy of the memorandum and attaching it to the machine to prompt further compliance. In PDSA 3, concise photo-posting guidelines were established and adherence was encouraged to mitigate concerns for potential confidential-data leaks.A dynamic outcome measure, the overall effectiveness metric (OEM), was conceived to prospectively monitor the effectiveness of our interventions. An OEM ≥1 indicates engagement and thereby improvement, whereby <1 indicates no change compared with baseline.The intervention in PDSA 1 was a success with an OEM of 3.5. Although no actual data leaks occurred, a potential for concern was raised by a senior doctor. This limited engagement with the protocol during PDSA 2 and 3, causing the OEM to decline to <1 towards the end of the project. Sixty percent reported that the protocol saved them time in locating the machine.Individual factors, mainly frustration with the current situation, was a primary driver for the initial engagement among doctors. Although other factors such as senior doctor buy-in, may play a greater role in directing longevity of a technology-based quality improvement solution.
Transesophageal echocardiography and risk of respiratory failure in patients who had ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: an IDEAL phase 4 study
Authors: Bruce Samuel S , Navi Babak B , Zhang Cenai , Kim Jiwon , Devereux Richard B , Schenck Edward J , Sedrakyan Art , Díaz Iván , Kamel Hooman 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is sometimes used to search for cardioembolic sources after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). TEE visualizes some sources better than transthoracic echocardiography, but TEE is invasive and may cause aspiration. Few data exist on the risk of respiratory complications after TEE in patients who had stroke or TIA. Our objective was to determine whether TEE was associated with increased risk of respiratory failure in patients who had ischemic stroke or TIA.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from inpatient and outpatient insurance claims collected by the US federal government’s Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.SettingHospitals and outpatient clinics throughout the USA.Participants99 081 patients ≥65 years old hospitalized for out-of-hospital ischemic stroke or TIA, defined by validated International Classification of Disease-9/10 diagnosis codes and present-on-admission codes, using claims data from 2008 to 2018 in a random 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries.Main outcome measuresAcute respiratory failure, defined as endotracheal intubation and/or mechanical ventilation, starting on the first day after admission through 28 days afterward.ResultsOf 99 081 patients included in this analysis, 73 733 (74.4%) had an ischemic stroke and 25 348 (25.6%) a TIA. TEE was performed in 4677 (4.7%) patients and intubation and/or mechanical ventilation in 1403 (1.4%) patients. The 28-day cumulative risk of respiratory failure after TEE (1.4%; 95% CI 0.8% to 2.7%) was similar to that seen in those without TEE (1.4%; 95% CI 1.4% to 1.5%) (p=0.84). After adjustment for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidities, diagnosis of stroke versus TIA, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy, TEE was not associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure (HR, 0.9; 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2).ConclusionsIn a cohort of older patients who had ischemic stroke or TIA, TEE was not associated with an increased risk of subsequent respiratory failure.