bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdurrahman b. Hâlid’in Hayatı, Kişiliği ve Faaliyetleri
Authors: ÇAKAN Barış 
Published: June 2022

Abdurrahman b. Hâlid, meşhur sahâbî Hâlid b. Velîd’in oğludur. O, gerek genç yaşlarında Suriye cephesindeki İslâm fetihlerinde gösterdiği yararlılık, gerek sonraki yıllarda Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyân’ın yürüttüğü iktidar mücadelesindeki desteği, gerekse Anadolu’da Bizans’a karşı düzenlenen seferlerde ortaya koyduğu başarılarla dikkat çeken sahâbîlerden biridir. Ancak onun hayatı ve faaliyetleri İslâm Tarihindeki başka olay ve kişilerin gölgesinde kalmış, bu sebeple günümüzde az tanınan sahâbîlerden biri olmuştur.
Çocukluğu Mekke’de, gençliğinin bir kısmı Medine’de geçen Abdurrahman on bir yaşındayken Hz. Peygamber’e (sas) yetişmiş ve sahâbî olmuştur. Eli silah tutar tutmaz, babasıyla birlikte İslâm fetihlerine katılmıştır. 636 senesindeki Yermük Savaşı’nda on sekiz yaşındayken küçük bir askeri birliğe komuta etmekle görevlendirilmiştir. Babasının vefatından sonraki yıllarda ise sürekli Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyân’ın yanında yer aldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Muâviye’ye sadık bir kimse olarak Hz. Osman dönemindeki iç karışıklıklarda ve Hz. Ali ile olan iktidar mücadelesinde Muâviye’nin safında yer almış, hatta onun en önde gelen adamlarından biri olmuştur. Hayatı boyunca Muâviye’nin emrinden ayrılmayan Abdurrahman, onun hilafeti döneminde Anadolu’daki Bizans topraklarına sevk edilen birçok akında komutanlık yapmış ve başarılı bir mücadele ortaya koymuştur. Ancak bu başarıları daha sonra Muâviye’nin onu potansiyel bir rakip olarak görmesine sebep olmuş ve Muâviye’nin emriyle zehirletilerek öldürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Abdurrahman ile ilgili rivayetlerden hareketle onun tarihî kimliği ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır.
تأثير التعبيرات النبوية الصامتة على نفسية المخاطب
Authors: SALİH Enes 
Published: June 2022

التأثير في نفسية المخاطب هو الهدف الأعلى للمتكلم في خطابه، وهو القاعدة التي ينطلق منها التغيير المراد من الخطاب، بل إن الخطاب يفقد فاعليته إذا لم يكن له تأثير في النفس، وهذا الأمر ليس محصورا في مجال دون مجال، بل إنه يعم كل مجالات الحياة؛ السياسة والاجتماعية والدينية والأخلاقية والتربوية وغيرها. وقد علم الإنسان ذلك بالفطرة منذ نشأته، فسعى وجهاء الناس من الأمراء والرؤساء والعلماء والقادة والمعلمون والمربون إلى استخدام جميع الطرق التي من طبيعتها التأثير في نفسية الناس والمجتمع، والأنبياء عليهم السلام كذلك، ما تركوا سبيلا صحيحا للتأثير في عقيدة الناس وسلوكهم إلا سلكوه، ذلك لأن التأثير القوي سيؤدي إلى التغيير المنشود في عقلية الإنسان، وبالتالي ستتغير معتقداته وقناعاته وسلوكه وأقواله وأفعاله، وهذا هو الهدف المرجو من الخطاب، وإلا كان خطابا مستقرا في الآذان ولا يتجاوز إلى الجنان.
وأساليب التأثير في الإنسان كثيرة؛ منها مؤثرات داخلية كالعلم والشخصية والعقل ونحو ذلك، ومنها خارجية كالأبوين والصديق والتلفاز ونحو ذلك، كما أن المؤثرات قد تكون عبر الكلام، وقد تكون عبر الحال، وقد تكون عبر المرئيات أو عبر المسموعات، وقد تكون عبر لغة الجسد أيضا. ولغة الجسد في بعض الأحيان وخصوصا في مجال التربية قد تكون أبلغ من كل الوسائل في التأثير، ذلك لأن تأثير السلوك أبلغ من تأثير الكلام، وإذا اقترنت لغة الجسد بالكلام تضفي عليه تأثيرا أعظم من معاني الكلمات المجردة. ومن هنا كان للغة الجسد النبوية دور في إرساء المعاني المرادة في نفوس المخاطبين والتأثير عليهم. وهذا البحث سيقف على الأساليب النبوية التي اتخذها النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام للتأثير على نفسية المخاطب من خلال التعبيرات الجسدية، وسيبين المعاني التي أضافتها على الخطاب النبوي، وسيوضح حجم تأثيرها في نفسية المخاطب. كما سيقف في مدخله على دور لغة الجسد في البيان الإنساني.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحديث الشريف، التربية الإسلامية، التعبيرات الجسدية النبوية، التأثير، نفسية المخاطب.
Implementation of Mastery Learning in Improving Student's Understanding of Islamic Religious Education Subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Sigi
Authors: Bahdar Bahdar , Juraid Juraid , Syahid Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

Background: This research is an educator-centered learning method implemented in Islamic religious education learning, which some education experts consider in the country as the cause of not achieving the learning objectives as a whole. New educator-centered understanding can realize one learning goal: the knowledge aspect, while the spiritual, social, and skill aspects are still neglected. The learning method that can recognize all learning objectives is mastery learning. To get a clear picture of mastery learning will be presented in this study.
Objective: This study aims to determine the implementation of mastery learning in improving students' understanding can also be considered a learning method that can be implemented to complement the shortcomings of Islamic religious education learning methods so far.
Methods: This research approach is descriptive with data collection methods using observation, interviews, and documentation research—the location of this research is SMA Negeri 2 Sigi. Then the data analysis technique used by the researcher is through data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and checking the validity of the data.
Results: It is known that the implementation of mastery learning in SMA Negeri 2 Sigi through preparatory steps before the teacher teaches, implementation of knowledge, evaluation, enrichment, and remedial learning. It is also known that mastery learning can improve students' understanding of Islamic religious education subjects.
Conclusion: This study concludes that three main things support the implementation of mastery learning in SMA Negeri 2 Sigi. The first is a quality-based curriculum. Local government policies and money. Both human resources and technology. Third, the cooperation of all learning elements by implementing the competitive work method with appropriate rewards.
Nitrogen Losses and Enrichment of Soil and Sawdust Coverings during Composting of Poultry Manure
Authors: Tuffour Henry Oppong 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Composting poultry manure is an effective way of enhancing its nutrient content and reduce nutrient losses. There is the need to reduce gaseous nutrient losses during composting through the use of covering materials. Assess the level of chemical enrichment of soil and sawdust used as covering materials; and identify the most suitable medium that can best perform as a covering material during composting of poultry manure.
Materials and Methods: Experiments were set up to examine the changes in the chemical properties of soil and sawdust used as covering material for composted poultry manure. Five treatments – no covering, layers of 2.8 kg soil, 5.6 kg soil, 0.9 kg sawdust, and black polythene sheet on 5.28 kg broiler and layer manure heaps with four replications were arranged in a completely randomized design. Samples were taken from the manure piles and the soil and sawdust covering materials for chemical analysis at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after composting.
Results: The pH, N, P, K, Na and Ca, in both soil covers increased as time elapsed, whereas the Mg and C/N ratios of the soil coverings decreased with time. With regards to the broiler manure, however, the pH and the nutrient content of the two levels of soils used as cover increased at all the stages of composting. Composting of both poultry manures resulted in the improvement of the chemical properties of both sawdust and soil coverings. The enrichment ratio of N was greater in the 5.6 kg soil than the 2.8 kg soil covering. Additionally, the 5.6 kg soil covering was highly efficient (P = .05) in reducing N losses by 57 and 83.85% from the broiler and layer piles, respectively. In general, the 5.6 kg soil was the most effective covering material.
Investigating the Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth of Pakistan Using ARDL Approach
Authors: Balouch Zahid , Khatoon Fahmida , Obeidat Sofian , Hanif Sohail 
Published: June 2022

Aim: The proposed investigation aims to inspect the relationship between the growth and development of the economy and taxation in the case of Pakistan.
Methods: The study adopts secondary quality approach and research design for data collection and data analysis. The study collects secondary data from authentic sources for the period of 2013 to 2021, where all the latest articles are selected which that used the ARDL approach for empirical analysis. The research applies secondary qualitative data analysis techniques such as systematic literature review and thematic analysis to develop reliable findings and valid findings by comparing and contrasting findings of previous researches.
Results/Findings: The results of the study indicate that in the overall economic growth of Pakistan is negatively affected by taxation policy in the country. Thus, the research implies some policy changes, which includes that it could be imperative to reduce the indirect taxes if the administration wants to amplify economic growth.
Chemical Composition of Lipophilic Fractions of Raw Material Crataegus Rivularis Nutt
Authors: Enikeeva K. , Khasanova S. , Kudashkina N. , Suleymanova D. , Urakov A. , Lovtsova L. 
Published: June 2022

Aims: study of the composition of lyophilic substances in the raw materials of Crataegus rivularis Nutt.
Study Design: experimental laboratory studies of dry plant materials.
Place and Duration of Study: Bashkir State Medical University, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Volga Research Medical University and Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from August 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: Using gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector, lipophilic fractions of the fruits, shoots, flowers, leaves and fruits of riverine hawthorn, harvested in 2021 in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, were studied.
Results: In general, the shoots and leaves of Crataegus rivularis accumulate compounds of the class of steroids, phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins and phenolic compounds, which suggests that the raw material may have additional pharmacological properties, such as hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant.
Conclusion: The results obtained show the good prospects for further studies of the composition of hawthorn extracts to expand the possibilities of phytotherapy.
The proximity of rapeseed fields influences levels of forest damage by red deer
Authors: Jarnemo Anders , Widén Anna , Månsson Johan , Felton Annika M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Deer can show transitional use between agricultural fields and forests for foraging and shelter. Such transitional use may affect forest damage as nutrient balancing theory suggests that if deer ingest large amounts of nutrient‐rich food, complementary browse, such as bark, may be required to balance the diet.

We investigated the relationship between the level of red deer Cervus elaphus bark‐stripping damage in 68 Norway spruce Picea abies stands and the presence of rapeseed Brassica napus fields – an energy‐rich crop preferred by red deer – in the surroundings, hypothesizing that damage increases with decreasing distance to rapeseed fields. We also considered other potentially influencing factors, such as supplemental feeding, alternative forage availability, and deer use of spruce stands as indexed by a pellet group count.

Spruce stands closer to rapeseed had a significantly higher proportion of damaged stems. The increased level of bark‐stripping damage was not explained by a higher stand use of deer closer to rapeseed fields, indicating that deer increase their consumption of bark in order to balance their diet. Similarly, spruce stands closer to supplemental feeding stations had significantly higher damage levels.

In line with earlier findings, damage levels were negatively related to the amount of available browse in the forest. This emphasizes the importance of alternative forage for reducing the damage risk in forest plantations.

Our study shows that the availability of fields with nutrient‐rich food, such as rapeseed, as well as supplemental feeding needs to be considered when predicting the level of forest damage. With a high availability of nutrient‐rich food in the vicinity of forest stands, a higher damage level can be expected and counteractions could be taken such as increased disturbance, harvest or changed choice of both crop and supplemental feed types. These actions may also be combined with a push–pull strategy where the deer are steered to disturbance‐free zones insensitive to damage and with alternative forage. The importance of alternative forage availability on damage levels highlights the necessity for managers to actively promote tree and shrub forage within and around their production stands.
Determining an infectious or autoimmune etiology in encephalitis
Authors: Hoang Hai Ethan , Robinson‐Papp Jessica , Mu Lan , Thakur Kiran T. , Gofshteyn Jacqueline Sarah , Kim Carla , Ssonko Vivian , Dugue Rachelle , Harrigan Eileen , Glassberg Brittany , Harmon Michael , Navis Allison , Hwang Mu Ji , Gao Kerry , Yan Helena , Jette Nathalie , Yeshokumar Anusha K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesEarly presentation and workup for acute infectious (IE) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are similar. This study aims to identify routine laboratory markers at presentation that are associated with IE or AE.MethodsThis was a multi‐center retrospective study at three tertiary care hospitals in New York City analyzing demographic and clinical data from patients diagnosed with definitive encephalitis based on a confirmed pathogen and/or autoantibody and established criteria for clinical syndromes.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐three individuals with confirmed acute meningoencephalitis were included. An infectious‐nonbacterial (NB) pathogen was identified in 151/333 (45.40%), bacterial pathogen in 95/333 (28.50%), and autoantibody in 87/333 (26.10%). NB encephalitis was differentiated from AE by the presence of fever (NB 62.25%, AE 24.10%; p < 0.001), higher CSF white blood cell (WBC) (median 78 cells/μL, 8.00 cells/μL; p < 0.001), higher CSF protein (76.50 mg/dL, 40.90 mg/dL; p < 0.001), lower CSF glucose (58.00 mg/dL, 69.00 mg/dL; p < 0.001), lower serum WBC (7.80 cells/μL, 9.72 cells/μL; p < 0.050), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (19.50 mm/HR, 13.00 mm/HR; p < 0.05), higher C‐reactive protein (6.40 mg/L, 1.25 mg/L; p = 0.005), and lack of antinuclear antibody titers (>1:40; NB 11.54%, AE 32.73%; p < 0.001). CSF‐to‐serum WBC ratio was significantly higher in NB compared to AE (NB 11.3, AE 0.99; p < 0.001). From these findings, the association of presenting with fever, CSF WBC ≥50 cells/μL, and CSF protein ≥75 mg/dL was explored in ruling‐out AE. When all three criteria are present, an AE was found to be highly unlikely (sensitivity 92%, specificity 75%, negative predictive value 95%, and positive predictive value 64%).InterpretationsSpecific paraclinical data at initial presentation may risk stratify which patients have an IE versus AE.
Recent Progress on Titanium Sesquioxide: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Li Yangyang , Zhu Yangyu , Wang Mingzheng , Zhao Mingwen , Xue Junmin , Chen Jingsheng , Wu Tom , Chambers Scott A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTitanium sesquioxide (Ti2O3) is drawing broad attention due to its fascinating physical properties and promising applications in the fields of energy, biomedicine, and electronics, among others. Its richness is due mainly to the strongly correlated 3d1 electrons on the Ti3+ sites. In stark contrast to titanium dioxide (TiO2), Ti2O3 has an ultra‐narrow bandgap (≈0.1 eV) at room temperature, resulting from strong correlation among the 3d1 electrons. Distinct electrical and optical properties are introduced in Ti2O3, accompanied with varied intriguing applications. Remarkable photothermal conversion, infrared photodetection, and electrocatalytic properties have been reported and explored in the past few years. Based on its unique and excellent properties, Ti2O3 has been utilized in seawater desalination, electrocatalytic water splitting, cancer therapy, hydrogen production, mid‐infrared photodetection, nitrogen fixation, Li‐ion batteries, etc. Herein, the fabrication, structural and electronic properties of Ti2O3 are comprehensively introduced, with a focused summary of recent research progress on its applications. Finally, current challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives of Ti2O3 are discussed.
Operating Highly Stable LiCoO2 Cathodes up to 4.6 V by Using an Effective Integration of Surface Engineering and Electrolyte Solutions Selection
Authors: Fan Tianju , Kai Wang , Harika Villa Krishna , Liu Cunsheng , Nimkar Amey , Leifer Nicole , Maiti Sandipan , Grinblat Judith , Tsubery Merav Nadav , Liu Xiaolang , Wang Meng , Xu Leimin , Lu Yuhao , Min Yonggang , Shpigel Netanel , Aurbach Doron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe need for high power density cathodes for Li‐ion batteries can be fulfilled by application of a high charging voltage above 4.5 V. As lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) remains a dominant commercial cathode material, tremendous efforts are invested to increase its charging potential toward 4.6 V. Yet, the long‐term performance of high voltage LCO cathodes still remains poor. Here, an integrated approach combining the application of an aluminum fluoride coating and the use of electrolyte solutions comprising 1:1:8 mixtures of difluoroethylene:fluoroethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate and 1 m LiPF6 is reported. This results in superior behavior of LCO cathodes charged at 4.6 V with high initial capacity of 223 mAh g−1, excellent long‐term performance, and 78% capacity retention after 500 cycles. Impressive stability is also found at 450 °C with an initial capacity of 220 mAh g−1 and around 84% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Systematic post‐mortem analysis of LCO cathodes and Li anodes after prolonged cycling reveals two main degradation routes related to changes at the surface of the cathodes and formation of passivation layers on the anodes. This study demonstrates the importance of appropriate selection of electrolyte solutions and development of effective coatings for improved performance of high voltage LCO‐based Li batteries.
A Repeatable Dual‐Encryption Platform from Recyclable Thermosets with Self‐Healing Ability and Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Yang Xi , Guo Meiling , Yan Jiao , Wang Li , Zhao Chuanxia , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Lai Jingjuan , Li Zhenyu , Ahmed Abbas , Sun Luyi , Wu Yuanpeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRepeatable dual‐encryption platforms, coupled with a strong protective capacity for stored information, are highly desirable for current data security but still a challenge to be realized. Herein, a new type of thermoset‐based repeatable dual‐encryption platform is designed to fulfill the challenge. Through introducing dynamic boroxine bonds and hydrogen bonds within the thermoset, self‐healing, recyclability, and shape‐memory properties can be achieved. Given the shape memory behavior of this thermoset, encryption data within complex 3D structures can be realized. Thus, shape recovery is inevitable for the decryption, providing strong protection for encrypted data. Furthermore, the encrypted data can be protected by showing misleading information before true information during the decryption process, which is caused by the different analogous “LEGO” assembly sequences of thermosets that induces different hydrophobic association interactions. The decrypted information can be erased by heating, realizing the repeatable encryption/decryption. Additionally, the thermosets can be efficiently recycled. This strategy opens up a smart prospect for high level dual‐encryption platform.
Neuromorphic Photonic Memory Devices Using Ultrafast, Non‐Volatile Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Chen Xiaozhang , Xue Yuan , Sun Yibo , Shen Jiabin , Song Sannian , Zhu Min , Song Zhitang , Cheng Zengguang , Zhou Peng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe search for ultrafast photonic memory devices is inspired by the ever‐increasing number of cloud‐computing, supercomputing, and artificial‐intelligence applications, together with the unique advantages of signal processing in the optical domain such as high speed, large bandwidth, and low energy consumption. By embracing silicon photonics with chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs), non‐volatile integrated photonic memory is developed with promising potential in photonic integrated circuits and nanophotonic applications. While conventional PCMs suffer from slow crystallization speed, scandium‐doped antimony telluride (SST) has been recently developed for ultrafast phase‐change random‐access memory applications. An ultrafast non‐volatile photonic memory based on an SST thin film with a 2 ns write/erase speed is demonstrated, which is the fastest write/erase speed ever reported in integrated phase‐change photonic devices. SST‐based photonic memories exhibit multilevel capabilities and good stability at room temperature. By mapping the memory level to the biological synapse weight, an artificial neural network based on photonic memory devices is successfully established for image classification. Additionally, a reflective nanodisplay application using SST with optoelectronic modulation capabilities is demonstrated. Both the optical and electrical changes in SST during the phase transition and the fast‐switching speed demonstrate their potential for use in photonic computing, neuromorphic computing, nanophotonics, and optoelectronic applications.
Liquid Metal Vacuoles
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConventional bubbles are generally made of an outside water film and the interior air, and their formation and rupture involve rich scientific knowledge. An intriguing question is what would happen if the water film and air of such bubbles were replaced by completely different fluids? Here, a high‐surface‐tension liquid metal‐solution bilayer is introduced into the two‐phase interface system, and a new conceptual hybrid vacuole consisting of a liquid metal outer membrane and inner solution core is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. Through tuning the filling volume of the liquid metal, various vacuolar structures with diverse interfacial morphologies are constructed. Such vacuoles can maintain long‐term stability via adjusting the composition of the solution, which is a mixture of surfactant and alkali. If switching glass substrate to graphite, liquid metal vacuoles would become more robust and exhibit further abundant individual and collective behaviors, which are mainly attributed to the firmer bonding strength between the two‐phase interfaces. In addition to interpreting the generation and maintenance mechanisms of the vacuole, different rupture processes are also presented and disclosed. The current findings on the liquid metal‐solution hybrid vacuoles are expected to enrich the content of liquid metal interfacial science, and will stimulate further promising applications in the emerging engineering fields.
Magnetoresponsive Devices with Programmable Behavior Using a Customized Commercial Stereolithographic 3D Printer
Authors: Lantean Simone , Roppolo Ignazio , Sangermano Marco , Hayoun Marc , Dammak Hichem , Barrera Gabriele , Tiberto Paola , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Bodelot Laurence , Rizza Giancarlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe revolution of 4D printing allows combining smart materials to additive processes to create behavioral objects able to respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, electrical, or magnetic fields. Here, a modified commercial digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer is used to obtain complex macroscopic remotely controlled gear‐based devices. The fabrication process is based on the printing of magnetoresponsive polymers containing in situ self‐assembled microstructures, i.e., composed of oriented chains of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). First, it is demonstrated that magnetoresponsive hammer‐like actuators with different stiffness can be printed allowing both pure rotation or/and bending motions. Then, the microstructure to create a magnetoresponsive gear is exploited. In particular, this work shows that they can be successfully used to transfer torque to other gears, thereby converting a rotation movement into linear translation. Finally, it is demonstrated that magnetoresponsive gears can also be combined with other nonmagnetic elements to create complex assemblies, such as gear‐trains, linear actuators, and grippers that can be remotely controlled.