bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Early Warning of Heart Attacks through Plasmon‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy using Collapsible Nanofingers and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Zerui , Meng Deming , Su Guangxu , Hu Pan , Song Boxiang , Wang Yunxiang , Wei Junhan , Yang Hao , Yuan Tianyi , Chen Buyun , Ou Tse‐Hsien , Hossain Sushmit , Miller Matthew , Liu Fanxin , Wu Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the leading cause of death, heart attacks result in millions of deaths annually, with no end in sight. Early intervention is the only strategy for rescuing lives threatened by heart disease. However, the detection time of the fastest heart‐attack detection system is >15 min, which is too long considering the rapid passage of life. In this study, a machine learning (ML)‐driven system with a simple process, low‐cost, short detection time (only 10 s), and high precision is developed. By utilizing a functionalized nanofinger structure, even a trace amount of biomarker leaked before a heart attack can be captured. Additionally, enhanced Raman profiles are constructed for predictive analytics. Five ML models are developed to harness the useful characteristics of each Raman spectrum and provide early warnings of heart attacks with >98% accuracy. Through the strategic combination of nanofingers and ML algorithms, the proposed warning system accurately provides alerts on silent heart‐attack attempts seconds ahead of actual attacks.
Phase Separation–Controlled Assembly of Hierarchically Porous Aramid Nanofiber Films for High‐speed Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jung Arum , Lee Michael J. , Lee Seung Woo , Cho Jinhan , Son Jeong Gon , Yeom Bongjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe growth of lithium (Li) dendrites reduces the lifespan of Li‐metal batteries and causes safety issues. Herein, hierarchically porous aramid nanofiber separators capable of effectively suppressing the Li dendrite growth while maintaining highly stable cycle performances at high charge/discharge rates are reported. A two‐step solvent exchange process combined with reprotonation‐mediated self‐assembly is utilized to control the bimodal porous structure of the separators. In particular, when ethanol and water are used sequentially, aramid nanofibers form hierarchical porous structures containing nanopores in macroporous polymer frameworks to yield a mechanically robust membrane with high porosity of 97% or more. The optimized samples exhibit high ionic conductivities of 1.87–4.04 mS cm−1 and high Li‐ion transference numbers of 0.77–0.84 because of the ultrahigh porosity and selective affinity to anions. Li‐metal symmetric cells do not show any noticeable presence of dendrites after 100 cycles, and they operate stably for more than 1500 cycles even under extreme conditions with a high current density of >20 mA cm−2. In addition, the LiFePO4/Li full cell retains 86.3% of its capacity after 1000 cycles at a charge rate of 30 C.
SiOC Phase Control and Carbon Nanoribbon Growth by Introducing Oxygen at Atom Level for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Zheng Zhicheng , Shi Benyang , Liu Chao , Chen Shaohong , Xu Binbin , Liu Anhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPoor intrinsic conductivity and the presence of irreversible lithiation phase affect the electrochemical performance of silicon oxycarbide anode materials. Even though it can be improved by increasing free carbon content or composition, scarification of reversible capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) remain as challenge. Here, polycarbosilane (PCS) with alternating distribution of silicon and carbon atoms is employed as precursor of SiOC ceramics. Air oxidation cross‐linking is used to regulate the content of oxygen and carbon elements in PCS at atom level, so as to explore a solution to improve the intrinsic conductivity and reversible lithium phase content of SiOC ceramics. This strategy provides extremely excellent rate capability, areal/volumetric capacity, and ICE. This is also the first concept for feasible precursor structure design to control the SiOC glass phase and regulate the growth of C nanoribbon that can improve the intrinsic conductivity and reversible capacity of SiOC ceramic anode materials.
Student affairs assessment: Historically Black College and University perspective
Authors: Dixon Kellie M. , Spears Britt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we discuss student affairs assessment from an institutional context of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). First, we provide a brief history of HBCUs and their significance in higher education, dating back to 1837, when the first HBCU was founded. Next, we discuss a case study that explored a culture of assessment in student affairs at a public HBCU. Lastly, we briefly discuss a proposed framework for creating a culture of assessment in student affairs, specifically at HBCUs and note current efforts to assess student learning and engagement in student affairs at these institutions.
Centeringservingness: Framework‐informed assessment of Hispanic‐Serving Institutions
Authors: Franco Marla A. , Muñiz Cyndia M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the utility of two frameworks, the Seal of Excelencia Framework and the Multidimensional Conceptual Framework for Understanding Servingness in Hispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs), for critically assessing HSIs. Two HSIs, University of Arizona (UA) and University of Central Florida (UCF), discuss their engagement of these frameworks, insights, and actions that resulted, and offer recommendations for the use and expansion of these frameworks.
Using assessment to advance equity
Authors: Henning Gavin , Lundquist Anne E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong considered separate in higher education, equity intersects with assessment to create a distinct form of assessment. This form of assessment goes by many monikers including culturally responsive assessment, socially just assessment, and equity‐minded assessment. Often considered the same, these concepts have nuanced differences although they fall within the same umbrella, which we call equity‐centered assessment. In this article, we will provide an overview of equity‐centered assessment, review the history of scholarship in the literature, outline a conceptual framework for equity‐minded and equity‐centered assessment, and provide suggested examples of practice that highlight how assessors can position themselves to effectively engage in this critical work.
Sensor Design
Authors: Gölz Jacqueline , Hatzfeld Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple sensors are applied in haptic devices designs. Even if they are not closed-loop controlled in a narrow sense of force or torque generation, they are used to detect movement ranges and limits or the detection of the presence of a user and its type of interaction with an object or human-machine-interface (HMI). Almost any type of technical sensor had been applied in the context of haptic devices. The emerging market of gesture based user interaction and integration of haptics due to ergonomic reasons extends the range of sensors potentially relevant for haptic devices. However, what exactly is a sensor? Which is theright onefor your purpose and is there a systematic way to choose it? To support you answering these fundamental questions, classification of sensors is helpful. This chapter starts with a definition and classifications according to measurand and sensing principles. Constraints, you will have to focus on, are discussed and selection criteria are deduced. An introduction in technologies and design principles for mechanical sensors serves as an overview for your selection process. Common types of force/torque, positioning, velocity and acceleration sensors are presented. Furthermore, imaging and temperature sensors are addressed briefly in this section.
Interface Design
Authors: Abbasimoshaei Alireza , Kern Thorsten A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with different interface technologies that can be used to connect task-specific haptic systems to an IT system. Based on an analysis of the relevant bandwidth for haptic interaction depending on the intended application and an introduction of several concepts to reduce the bandwidth for these application (local haptic models, event-based haptics, movement extrapolation etc.), several standard interfaces are evaluated for the use in haptic systems.
Evaluation of Haptic Systems
Authors: Abbasimoshaei Alireza , Reisinger Jörg , Neupert Carsten , Hatzfeld Christian , Zhou Wenliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, a number of measurement methods and tests are presented that can be used either for verification or validation or—sometimes—both. We therefore refrain from an ordering based on this steps, but will present the methods based on the focus of the evaluation method. In that sense one can identify three main foci of evaluation methods: system-centered methods that will test system properties (and are mostly used for verification, Sect. 13.1), task-centered methods that will test the task-performance of a user working with the haptic system (such tests are mainly used for validation but they can also verify system properties depending on the test design, Sect. 13.2) and user-centered methods that will measure the impact of the haptic system on the user. The latter are almost exclusively used for system validation and further described in Sect. 13.3.
The User’s Role in Haptic System Design
Authors: Kern Thorsten A. , Hatzfeld Christian , Youssef Fady 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsequently, a good mechanical design has to consider the user in his or her mechanical properties. The first part of this chapter deals with the discussion of the user as a mechanical load on the haptic device. The corresponding model is split into two independent elements depending on the frequency range of the oscillation. Methods and measurement setups for the derivation of mechanical impedance of the user are reviewed and a thorough analysis of impedance for different grip configurations is presented. In the second part of the chapter, the user is considered as the ultimate measure of quality for a haptic system. The relation of psychophysical parameters like the absolute threshold or the JND to engineering quality measures like resolution, errors and reproducibility is described and application depending quality measures like haptic transparency are introduced.
Development of Haptic Systems
Authors: Kern Thorsten A. , Hatzfeld Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with the general design processes for the development of task-specific haptic systems. Based on known mechatronic development processes like the V-model, a specialized variant for haptic systems is presented, that incorporates a strong focus on the intended interaction and the resulting impacts on the development process. Based on this model, a recommended order of technical decisions in the design process is derived. General design goals of haptic systems are introduced in this chapter as well. These include stability, haptic quality and usability that have to be incorporated in several stages of the design process. A short introduction into different forms of technical descriptions for electromechanical systems, control structures and kinematics is also included in this chapter to provide a common basis for the second part of the book.
Kinematic Design
Authors: Youssef Fady , Kassner Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne aspect in haptic devices is the design of the kinematics. The kinematics of a mechanism is the key to implement and accomplish the design goals, like transmitting dynamic feedback in the form of forces or torques, or allowing a sufficient workspace for the user to interact with environment. This chapter introduces the steps of the kinematic design. The chapter consists of five main sections. The first section gives an overview on some basic definitions and the main types of mechanisms. In the second section, the first step in the design, defining the structure of the mechanism, is introduced. This is accompanied with an example. After choosing the most applicable structure for the desired application, the second step takes place, where the kinematic equations are solved. These equations are used to describe the relation between the operating point of the mechanism and the base at any point in time. Different approaches are used to solve those equations depending on the type of the mechanism used. The third and final step in the design process is introduced in the fourth section. This step contains the optimization process of the mechanism in order to achieve a desired operation of the mechanism. Last but not least, the importance of modeling and simulation is discussed in the last section.
Actuator Design
Authors: Kern Thorsten A. , Haus Henry , Matysek Marc , Sindlinger Stephanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActuators are the most important elements of any haptic device. Their selection or design significantly influences the quality of the haptic impression. This chapter deals with commonly used actuators, organized according to their physical principle of operation. It focuses on the electrodynamic, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric actuator principles. Each actuator type is discussed in terms of its main physical principles, with examples of sizing and one or more applications. Other, less frequently used actuator principles are mentioned in several examples. The preceding chapters focused on the basics of control engineering and kinematic design. They covered topics of structuring and fundamental character. This and the following chapters deal with the design of technical components as parts of haptic devices. Experience teaches us that actuators for haptic applications can rarely be found “off-the-shelf”. Their requirements always include some outstanding features in rotational frequency, power-density, working point, or geometry. These specialities make it necessary and helpful for users to be aware of the capabilities and possibilities for modifying existing actuators. Hence this chapter addresses both groups of readers: the users who want to choose a certain actuator and the mechanical engineer who intends to design a specific actuator for a certain device from scratch.
Thermodynamics of AdS planar black holes and holography
Authors: Bilić Neven , Fabris Júlio C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A large AdS Schwarzschild black hole can be approximated by an AdS planar black hole. However, the temperature of a planar black hole is not well defined due to the translational invariance of the horizon. We propose to fix this arbitrariness by imposing the entropy area law. Furthermore, using the AdS/CFT holography, we propose a relationship between the temperatures of an AdS planar and large AdS Schwarzschild black holes.
ABC-stacked multilayer graphene in holography
Authors: Seo Jeong-Won , Yuk Taewon , Han Young-Kwon , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A flat band can be studied an infinitely strong coupling, realized in a simple system. Therefore, its holographic realization should be interesting. Laia and Tong gave a realization of the flat band over the entire momentum region by introducing a particular boundary term. Here, we give a model with a flat band over a finite region of momentum space using a bulk interaction term instead of the boundary term. We find that the spectrum of our model is precisely analogous to that of the ABC stacked multilayer graphene. In the presence of the chemical potential, the flat band is bent in our holographic model, which is very close to the band deformation due to the spin-orbit
Bootstrapping line defects with O(2) global symmetry
Authors: Gimenez-Grau Aleix , Lauria Edoardo , Liendo Pedro , van Vliet Philine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We use the numerical bootstrap to study conformal line defects with O(2) global symmetry. Our results are very general and capture in particular conformal line defects originating from bulk CFTs with a continuous global symmetry, which can either be preserved or partially broken by the presence of the defect. We begin with an agnostic approach and perform a systematic bootstrap study of correlation functions between two canonical operators on the defect: the displacement and the tilt. We then focus on two interesting theories: a monodromy line defect and a localized magnetic field line defect. To this end, we combine the numerical bootstrap with the ε-expansion, where we complement existing results in the literature with additional calculations. For the monodromy defect our numerical results are consistent with expectations, with known analytic solutions sitting inside our numerical bounds. For the localized magnetic field line defect our plots show a series of intriguing cusps which we explore.
Epidemiology and treatment of pediatric tibial fractures in Sweden: a nationwide population-based study on 5828 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Gothefors Matilda , Wolf Olof , Hailer Yasmin D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposePediatric tibial fractures have been described internationally as mainly caused by fall during leisure activities and organized sports and showing a higher incidence in boys. Still, most studies are single center studies or have a small sample size. This study aimed to analyze sex and age distribution, seasonal variation, injury mechanisms and treatment of pediatric tibial fractures based on the nationwide Swedish Fracture Register (SFR).MethodsAll tibial fractures in patients < 16 years at injury and registered in 2015–2019 were extracted from the SFR. We analyzed patient characteristics such as sex and age, injury mechanism, fracture location and treatment.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 5828 pediatric tibial fractures in 5719 patients. Median age of the patients was 7 years and 58% were boys. Shaft fractures were most common, followed by the distal and proximal tibia. The lowest incidence was observed during autumn. The most common cause of injury was fall mostly involving winter sports, stumbles and fall from play equipment. Play/free time and sports were the most common activities, common places of injury were sports facility and home. 1% were open fractures. 78% were treated non-surgically. Screw fixation was performed in 52% of surgically treated fractures, predominantly in the distal segment.ConclusionInjury mechanism differs between age groups; play/free time injuries are common in younger children compared with sport activities in older children. Most patients are treated non-surgically. Open fractures are rare. Information on injury patterns is useful working preventively, for example safety work in playgrounds.
A theoretical approach to the residual stress assessment based on thermal field evaluation in laser beam welding
Authors: Giudice Fabio , Sili Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResidual stresses are one of the major issues in welded parts, since they could be detrimental to the integrity of components and structure. Their determination is rather complex and could be an arduous task, both when it is based on experimental methods and on numerical simulations. The proposed work presents a theoretical approach to the prediction of the longitudinal residual stress distribution, based on a parameterized multi-source model for thermal field simulation in laser welding previously introduced. Reference is made to the case of “keyhole” full penetration welding mode obtained by CO2 laser beam single pass on butt-positioned AISI 304L plates. The resolution of the thermal field allows the analytical calculation of the distribution of the longitudinal residual stresses in two ways: one makes use of a simplified formulation of the distribution well-known in the literature; a second modality makes use of a procedure for residual stress generation, which is based on a combined processing of thermal profiles and the corresponding heating–cooling cycles calculated in single points as their distance from the welding axis varies, and provides a complete characterization of the distribution of longitudinal residual tensile stresses. After the introduction of thermal field modeling, both the proposed residual stress calculation procedures are detailed, applied to the analyzed case, and validated, highlighting the differences in the approaches and results.
The effect of ultrasound on Syrah wine composition as affected by the ripening or sanitary status of the grapes
Authors: Pérez-Porras Paula , Gómez-Plaza Encarna , Osete-Álcaraz Andrea , Martínez-Pérez Pilar , Jurado Ricardo , Bautista-Ortín Ana Belén 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that the application of ultrasounds to crushed grapes improves the chromatic and sensory characteristics of the resulting wines by facilitating the extractability of compounds from grapes to the must-wine. The objective of this work was to determine whether the application of ultrasounds to grapes of different maturity levels or different sanitary status leads to the same positive outcome as regards chromatic characteristics, phenolic and aroma compounds as well as sensory properties. The results showed that, independent of grape ripening or sanitary status, the application of ultrasounds to Syrah crushed grapes leads to wines with better chromatic characteristics at the moment of bottling, increasing colour intensity, total phenol content and tannin concentration up to 12%, 18% and 43%, respectively, in the wines from less ripen grapes and 13%, 23% and 30% in the wine from partially rotten grapes. The concentration of volatile compounds was less affected by sonication than the chromatic characteristics, with small decreases in the main families of volatile compounds, although the sensory analysis showed clear differences between control wines and those made from sonicated grapes, which were generally preferred and score higher for most of the sensory parameters evaluated.
Paediatric CT made easy
Authors: Nagy Eszter , Tschauner Sebastian , Schramek Clemens , Sorantin Erich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPaediatric computed tomography (CT) imaging has always been associated with challenges. Although the technical background of CT imaging is complex, it is worth considering the baseline aspects of radiation exposure to prevent unwanted excess radiation in paediatric patients. In this review, we discuss the most relevant factors influencing radiation exposure, and provide a simplified and practical approach to optimise paediatric CT.