bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment regimes play an important role in structuring trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms
Authors: Wu Naicheng , Wang Yaochun , Wang Yixia , Sun Xiuming , Faber Claas , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

A sound understanding of the community changes over time and its driving forces is at the centre of biodiversity conservation and ecology research. In this study, we examined: (i) the relative roles of turnover and nestedness components to trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms; (ii) whether trait‐based temporal beta diversity provides complementary information to taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity; (iii) the relative roles of hydrology (e.g. discharge, antecedent precipitation index), metal ions (e.g. Mg2+, Si2+) and nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, orthophosphate) to the both facets of temporal beta diversity and their components (i.e. total beta diversity, turnover and nestedness); and (iv) whether inclusion of environment regimes increase their explained variations.

A total of 338 daily samples of riverine diatom communities were collected. We employed Mantel tests to evaluate the complementarities between trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity. Using distance‐based redundancy analysis (db‐RDA) and variation partitioning, we investigated the relative roles of hydrology, metal ions and nutrients to each facet of temporal beta diversity and its components.

Correlations between trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity and their components were weak, which showed their complementary ecological information. Taxonomy‐based total beta diversity had a high contribution by turnover component, whereas trait‐based total beta diversity was largely driven by nestedness component. Results of variation partitioning demonstrated that the pure and shared fractions of hydrology, metal ions and nutrient differed among the components of trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity. Furthermore, addition of environment regimes could dramatically increase the explained variation of temporal beta diversity and its components.

Synthesis. Our results highlighted the importance of the two facets of temporal beta diversity as well as their decomposition for exploring diversity patterns of riverine diatoms in relation to abiotic factors, particularly the environment regimes. Although a high temporal taxonomic divergence was detected, the high level of temporal trait convergence indicated that species turnover with similar biological traits occurred during our study period. Our study, for the first time, provides a new perspective into temporal beta diversity of daily riverine diatom communities, which has not yet been documented by previous freshwater studies.
Acoustic characteristics associated with liquid swallowing sounds of different bolus consistencies in young healthy adults
Authors: Ng Manwa L. , Ki Anthony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCervical auscultation has been used clinically as an augmentative procedure for swallow examination. Despite its frequent use for screening and preliminary assessment of swallowing, the usefulness of cervical auscultation is controversial due to a lack of sufficient research, particularly in quantifying swallowing sounds.AimsTo document the acoustic characteristics of normal swallowing sound associated with swallowing bolus of different consistencies among younger healthy adults.Methods & ProceduresA total of 30 healthy young adult participants swallowed 5 ml thickened liquids of four different consistencies (slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick and extremely thick) prepared using a starch‐based commercial thickener, and the corresponding swallowing sounds were recorded using a wireless accelerometric stethoscope. An array of acoustic measures including duration of swallowing sound (DSS), duration to peak intensity (DPI), frequency at peak intensity (FPI), peak intensity (PI), average intensity (AI), and difference between peak and average intensity (DPAI) values associated with the swallowing signals were obtained.Outcomes & ResultsIn general, increased durational measures of the swallowing sounds were associated with an increase in bolus consistency. Intensity measures including PI, AI and DPAI were found to be stable across different consistencies. The change in FPI did not appear to be particularly meaningful due to its high variability. In addition, no significant differences were observed between men and women.Conclusions & ImplicationsSwallow sounds associated with different bolus consistencies could be quantified and used to differentiate consistencies. The present findings could serve as a reference for future swallowing research of normal and dysphagic population.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subject

Cervical auscultation using traditional stethoscope has been used as part of an informal clinical swallow examination by practitioners. Validity of cervical auscultation is controversial, possibly due to the lack of normative data on swallow sounds.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

The present study explored the possibility of using wireless accelerometric stethoscopy for cervical auscultation for dysphagia screening. Acoustic profiles of swallow sounds associated with boluses of different consistencies in healthy individuals were examined.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

Findings contribute to our knowledge about the acoustic characteristics of swallow sounds of boluses of different consistencies in healthy young individuals. The study provides normative clinical data on cervical auscultation using wireless accelerometric stethoscope for normal swallow.
Diabetes duration and weight loss are associated with onset age and remote metastasis of pancreatic cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ma Minglei , Li Wei , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Zhang Huabing , Li Yuxiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and diabetes and to explore the impact of diabetes duration, weight loss, and hypoglycemic drugs on the tumor biological behavior of PC.MethodsThis is a retrospective study on patients with PC and diabetes. Subjects were grouped according to the onset age of PC, distant metastasis, duration of diabetes, degree of weight loss (∆Wt), and type of hypoglycemic drugs. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between diabetes duration, weight loss, hypoglycemic drugs, and early‐onset PC, distant metastasis.ResultsCompared with late‐onset PC, patients with early‐onset PC had a higher proportion of new‐onset DM (35 [79.5%] vs. 217 [46.9%], p < 0.001), smoker, drinker, and more obvious weight loss (8.5 [3.8, 15] kg vs. 5 [0, 10] kg, p < 0.001). Patients with remote metastasis had an earlier diagnosis age, heavier weight loss, lower body mass index, and were more likely to be smokers but had cancer less likely to be localized in the head of pancreas. Regression analysis showed that new‐onset diabetes and weight loss were independently correlated to early‐onset PC: odds ratio (OR) = 3.38 (95% CI 1.36‐8.4, p = 0.09; OR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.16‐2.1), p = 0.003, respectively. In contrast, long‐term diabetes, and heavy weight loss were independently associated with remote metastasis: OR = 3.38 (95% CI 1.36‐8.4, p = 0.09; OR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.16‐2.1), p = 0.003, respectively.ConclusionNew‐onset diabetes and weight loss were common presentation and risk factors of early‐onset PC, which required more attention. Long‐term diabetes and heavy weight loss were risk factors contributing to distant metastases, indicating potential risk factors contributing to the adverse prognosis of patients with PC.
Circ_0010235 facilitates lung cancer development and immune escape by regulating miR‐636/PDL1 axis
Authors: Zhao Jixing , Yan Wu , Huang Wencong , Li Yongsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of important regulators in various human cancers, including lung cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of circ_0010235 in lung cancer.MethodsThe expression of circ_0010235, microRNA‐636 (miR‐636) and PDL1 was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell invasion was assessed by transwell assay. All protein levels were determined by western blot assay. In order to detect the roles of circ_0010235 in immune escape, lung cancer cells were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells in vitro. The relationship between miR‐636 and circ_0010235 or PDL1 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA pulldown assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was used to detect Ki67 and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PDL1) expression. A xenograft tumor model was established to verify the function of circ_0010235 in vivo.ResultsCirc_0010235 was overexpressed in lung cancer. Circ_0010235 knockdown inhibited proliferation, invasion and immune escape and promoted apoptosis of lung cancer cells. MiR‐636 was a target of circ_0010235, and miR‐636 inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0010235 knockdown in lung cancer cells. PDL1 was a direct target of miR‐636, and miR‐636 suppressed the proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis and antitumor immunity in lung cancer cells by downregulating PDL1. Moreover, circ_0010235 positively regulated PDL1 expression by sponging miR‐636. Additionally, circ_0010235 knockdown hampered tumorigenesis in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0010235 knockdown inhibited lung cancer progression and increased antitumor immunity by regulating the miR‐636/PDL1 axis.
Prognostic impact of tumor volume in patients with complete resection of thymoma
Authors: Miyashita Yudai , Kanou Takashi , Ishida Hiroto , Fukui Eriko , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Minami Masato , Sato Yukihisa , Yanagawa Masahiro , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of tumor volume on prognosis is unclear. We therefore investigated the correlation between tumor volume and prognosis in patients with complete resection of thymoma.MethodsA total of 177 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for thymoma were retrospectively collected and reviewed. We performed a volumetric analysis of each case using the modified version of “Watchin GGO” and evaluated the relationship between tumor volume and recurrence.ResultsThe median tumor size was 5.0 (range 0.5–15) cm, and the median tumor volume was 35.1 (range 0.265–881.0) cm3. The Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient was 0.658, suggesting a moderately strong connection between tumor volume and tumor size. To determine the impact of tumor volume on tumor recurrence, receiver operating characteristic curves of the recurrence and tumor volume were calculated. The area under the curve was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.80), and the optimal cutoff level of the tumor volume for recurrence was 82.6 cm3, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.64 (11/17) and 0.74 (119/160), respectively. Patients with tumors ≥82.6 cm3 had a significantly worse recurrence‐free survival than those with smaller tumors (p = 0.0122, hazard ratio: 2.99), with 5‐year recurrence rates of 74.9% (95% CI: 58.6%–86.3%) versus 88.9% (95% CI: 79.0%–94.4%).ConclusionThe volume of completely resectable thymoma may be a useful prognostic indicator.
Fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction in mice
Authors: Hu Can , Zhang Xin , Hu Min , Teng Teng , Yuan Yu‐Pei , Song Peng , Kong Chun‐Yan , Xu Si‐Chi , Ma Zhen‐Guo , Tang Qi‐Zhu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and aging‐related cardiac dysfunction serves as a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. Our previous study has identified fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, as the cardioprotectant against doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy. Herein, aging or matched young mice were overexpressed with FNDC5 by adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors, or subcutaneously infused with irisin to uncover the role of FNDC5 in aging‐related cardiac dysfunction. To verify the involvement of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα),Nlrp3orAmpkα2 global knockout mice were used. Besides, young mice were injected with AAV9‐FNDC5 and maintained for 12 months to determine the preventive effect of FNDC5. Moreover, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to examine the role of FNDC5in vitro. We found that FNDC5 was downregulated in aging hearts. Cardiac‐specific overexpression of FNDC5 or irisin infusion significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and cardiac inflammation, thereby attenuating aging‐related cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In addition, irisin treatment also inhibited cellular senescence in TNF‐α‐stimulated cardiomyocytesin vitro. Mechanistically, FNDC5 activated AMPKα through blocking the lysosomal degradation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor. More importantly, FNDC5 gene transfer in early life could delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction during aging process. We prove that FNDC5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction by activating AMPKα, and it might be a promising therapeutic target to support cardiovascular health in elderly populations.
Clinical and societal burden of incident major depressive disorder: A population‐wide cohort study in Stockholm
Authors: Lundberg Johan , Cars Thomas , Lööv Sven‐Åke , Söderling Jonas , Tiihonen Jari , Leval Amy , Gannedahl Anna , Björkholm Carl , Själin Mikael , Hellner Clara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent condition and a significant contributor to global disability. The vast majority of MDD is handled by primary care, but most real‐life studies on MDD only include data from secondary care. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the total clinical and societal burden of incident MDD including data from all healthcare levels in a large well‐defined western European healthcare region.MethodsPopulation‐wide observational study included healthcare data from Region Stockholm, Sweden's largest region with approximately 2.4 million inhabitants. All patients in Region Stockholm having their first unipolar MDD episode between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, were included. The sample also included matched study population controls. Outcomes were psychiatric and non‐psychiatric comorbid conditions, antidepressant therapy use, healthcare resource utilization, work loss, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsIn the study period, 137,822 patients in Region Stockholm were diagnosed with their first unipolar MDD episode. Compared with matched controls, MDD patients had a higher burden of non‐psychiatric and psychiatric comorbid conditions, 3.2 times higher outpatient healthcare resource utilization and 8.6 times more work loss. MDD was also associated with a doubled all‐cause mortality compared with matched controls (HR: 2.2 [95% CI: 2.0–2.4]).ConclusionsThe high mortality, morbidity, healthcare resource utilization, and work loss found in this study confirms that MDD is associated with individual suffering and low functioning leading to substantial costs for patients and society. These findings should motivate additional efforts in improving outcomes for MDD patients.
The representation of females in clinical trials for substance use disorder conducted in the United States (2010–19)
Authors: Gunn Christine M. , Pankowska Magda , Harris Miriam , Helsing Emma , Battaglia Tracy A. , Bagley Sarah M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsWomen have historically been under‐represented in clinical research, but the extent to which this is true for substance use disorder (SUD) trials is unknown. We aimed to determine the ratio of female:male participation in clinical trials for SUDs and describe the reporting of sex‐specific outcomes from 2010 to 2019.DesignA retrospective cohort review of clinical trials involving people with SUD.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsClinical trials including people with SUD registered in clinicaltrials.gov and completed between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 were reviewed. Trials were excluded if they had < 30 participants, focused on SUD prevention, were conducted outside the United States and/or did not report data on participant sex or gender.MeasurementsThe following were extracted for each trial: primary outcome, number of participants enrolled, analytical sample size, percentage of participants who were female, inclusion of transgender participants, whether sex‐based analyses were performed, funding source, type of SUD and type of intervention. Relative representation in trials was examined using the female:male ratio, reported using median ratios and by year of trial completion. The proportion of females participating was adjusted using the underlying disease prevalence among females using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data.FindingsA total of 316 trials met inclusion criteria: 274 were mixed‐sex, 12 enrolled only males and 30 only females. In 274 mixed‐sex trials, 40% of 57 544 participants were female. Only 22 trials (8%) reported any sex‐specific analyses; four studies (1.5%) reported inclusion of transgender participants. Females represented 35% of participants in trials targeting illicit drug use disorder, 52% in nicotine use disorder and 29% in alcohol use disorder. Accounting for underlying disease prevalence revealed that women had the lowest relative enrollment in alcohol use disorder trials (median participation to prevalence ratio in 2017: 0.58; 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.91).ConclusionsA review of 316 US clinical trials for alcohol, nicotine and illicit substance use disorders completed between 2010 and 2019 showed that females were enrolled at lower rates than males overall. Only 8% of the trials reviewed reported sex‐specific analyses and 1.5% reported transgender participants.
Problematic gaming risk among European adolescents: a cross‐national evaluation of individual and socio‐economic factors
Authors: Colasante Emanuela , Pivetta Erika , Canale Natale , Vieno Alessio , Marino Claudia , Lenzi Michela , Benedetti Elisa , King Daniel L. , Molinaro Sabrina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious research has identified numerous risk and protective factors of adolescent problematic gaming (PG) at the individual and social levels; however, the influence of socio‐economic indicators on PG is less known. This study aimed to measure the contribution of individual and socio‐economic factors involved in PG risk among adolescents from 30 European countries.DesignMulti‐level logistic regression analysis of survey data from the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross‐sectional study using self‐administered anonymous questionnaires.SettingThirty European countries.ParticipantsA representative cohort of 15–16‐year‐old students (n = 88 998 students; males = 49.2%).MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was adolescents’ (low and high) risk of PG. Individual key predictors included self‐report assessments of socio‐demographic characteristics, time spent gaming and family variables (parental regulation and monitoring, family support). Main country‐level predictors comprised Gini coefficient for economic inequalities and benefits for families and children (% gross domestic product), retrieved from international public data sets and national thematic reports. The data analysis plan involved multi‐level logistic regression.FindingsParticipants who reported stronger parental regulation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.83] and higher family support (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91–0.95) reported lower risk of PG. At the country‐level, economic inequalities (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03–1.07) were positively associated with the risk of PG, while benefits for families and children (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70–0.89) were negatively correlated with the risk of PG.ConclusionsSupportive family environments, lower country‐level economic inequalities and higher government expenditures on benefits for families and children appear to be associated with a lower risk of problematic gaming among European adolescents.
Uptake of osteoporosis treatment recommended by an orthogeriatrics service after hip fracture: Retrospective cohort study of prevalence and potential barriers and enablers at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney
Authors: Liu Bonnie Mengyuan , Vogler Constance Michelle , Hilmer Sarah Nicole , Chang Kevin Philip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to determine the 12‐month period prevalence of and time to osteoporosis treatment following minimal trauma hip fractures in patients who were recommended treatment by an orthogeriatrics service. The secondary aim was to determine the factors associated with receiving treatment including the impact of osteoporosis clinic follow‐up.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients with minimal trauma hip fractures admitted at a tertiary hospital in Sydney between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2019 was performed. Baseline characteristics were collected from medical records. Osteoporosis treatment data were collected from patients and general practitioners. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with receiving osteoporosis treatment.ResultsThere were 189 participants who consented to participate with a mean age of 84.6 years. Most (76.7%) were females, 18.5% were nursing home residents, 70.9% had normal cognition, 20.6% were taking osteoporosis treatment prior to admission, 61.9% had osteoporosis treatment recommendations documented on the discharge summary, and 10.1% were followed up in the osteoporosis clinic. Ninety‐eight patients (51.9%) received treatment within the first 12 months after fracture with a median time to treatment of 90 days. Factors associated with receiving osteoporosis treatment within 12 months on multivariate analysis included normal cognition (p = 0.03), taking osteoporosis treatment prior to admission (p < 0.001), including treatment recommendations in the discharge summary (p = 0.006) and osteoporosis clinic follow‐up (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOsteoporosis treatment after hip fracture remains suboptimal at this hospital. Patient and health service factors associated with treatment uptake could inform future quality improvement work.