bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Duration and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Yu Yuefeng , Chen Yingchao , Zhang Haojie , Ai Sizhi , Zhang Jihui , Benedict Christian , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli , Tan Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Increasing evidence suggests that sleep is important for fat metabolism. However, the causal relationship between sleep duration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be further clarified.

Objective
This study investigated the linear and nonlinear causal association between sleep duration and VAT.

Methods
This study used one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization MR). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with sleep duration at genome-wide significance were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. We also recalculated the correlation between each SNP and sleep duration in the UK Biobank. The associations of SNPs with predicted VAT (396 858 participants) were conducted in the UK Biobank.

Results
A total of 396 858 eligible participants (54.10% females, 57 ± 8 years old) were included in the study. The participants slept 7.17 ± 1.04 hours and stored 1.25 ± 0.88 kg of VAT on average. Genetically predicted sleep duration was significantly associated with VAT. For each 1-hour increase in genetically predicted sleep duration, the reduction in predicted VAT mass was 0.11 kg (P = 8.18E−16) in total, 0.17 kg (P = 3.30E−11) in men and 0.07 kg (P = 1.94E−06) in women. Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and VAT in all participants, men, and women. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the increased VAT. In contrast, no clear evidence on the causal effect of genetically predicted long sleep duration on VAT mass was found.

Conclusion
The causal association of sleep duration with VAT was L-type. Our findings support that short sleep duration is a risk factor for increasing VAT, thus reinforcing the probability that increasing sleep duration may decrease VAT.
In vitromodels of human development and their potential application in developmental toxicity testing
Authors: Niethammer Mirjam , Burgdorf Tanja , Wistorf Elisa , Schönfelder Gilbert , Kleinsorge Mandy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTRecent publications describe the development of in vitro models of human development, for which applications in developmental toxicity testing can be envisaged. To date, these regulatory assessments have exclusively been performed in animal studies, the relevance of which to adverse reactions in humans may be questioned. Recently developed cell culture-based models of embryo-fetal development, however, do not yet exhibit sufficient levels of standardisation and reproducibility. Here, the advantages and shortcomings of both in vivo and in vitro developmental toxicity testing are addressed, as well as the possibility of integrated testing strategies as a viable option in the near future.
Environmental, individual and social traits of free-ranging raccoons influence performance in cognitive testing
Authors: Stanton Lauren A. , Bridge Eli S. , Huizinga Joost , Benson-Amram Sarah 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Cognitive abilities, such as learning and flexibility, are hypothesized to aid behavioral adaptation to urbanization. Although growing evidence suggests that cognition may indeed facilitate persistence in urban environments, we currently lack knowledge of the cognitive abilities of many urban taxa. Recent methodological advances, including radio frequency identification (RFID), have extended automated cognitive testing into the field but have yet to be applied to a diversity of taxa. Here, we used an RFID-enabled operant conditioning device to assess the habituation, learning and cognitive flexibility of a wild population of raccoons (Procyon lotor). We examined how several biological and behavioral traits influenced participation and performance in testing. We then compared the cognitive performance of wild raccoons tested in natural conditions with that of wild-caught raccoons tested in captivity from a previous study. In natural conditions, juvenile raccoons were more likely to habituate to the testing device, but performed worse in serial reversal learning, compared with adults. We also found that docile raccoons were more likely to learn how to operate the device in natural conditions, which suggests a relationship between emotional reactivity and cognitive ability in raccoons. Although raccoons in both captive and natural conditions demonstrated rapid associative learning and flexibility, raccoons in captive conditions generally performed better, likely owing to the heightened vigilance and social interference experienced by raccoons in natural conditions. Our results have important implications for future research on urban carnivores and cognition in field settings, as well as our understanding of behavioral adaptation to urbanization and coexistence with urban wildlife.
GESTAR II: PROPOSTA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DO PROFESSOR DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Mascarenhas de Santana Cecilia Cabral Cabral , Silva Ana Lúcia Gomes da 
Published: September 2022

A presente pesquisa elegeu como objeto de estudo a docência e sua relação com a formação continuada de professores no âmbito do Programa GESTAR, considerando a problemática enfrentada no ensino da Matemática no espaço público escolar. Este trabalho volta-se para a formação continuada dirigida a professores de Matemática dos anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, identificando as contribuições e limites evidenciados no processo de ensino da Matemática escolar. Esta investigação se ancorou nas contribuições de Garcia (1998), Fiorentini (2000), Nóvoa (2002), Perrenoud (2002), Tardif (2007), Gatti (2009), D’Ambrósio (2010), Ramalho (2014) e Veiga (2012), como autores que subsidiaram a investigação. A pesquisa teve como objetivo central analisar a proposta de formação continuada ofertada pelo Programa GESTAR, na perspectiva de suas contribuições para a prática pedagógica do professor no processo de ensino da Matemática escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa alicerçada na perspectiva qualitativa, inspirada no paradigma epistemológico da hermenêutica. Como aporte na delimitação da metodologia, utilizamos como autores Ludke e André (1986), Bardin (1997), Ghedin e Franco (2008), Gil (2010) e Minayo (2011). A pesquisa realizou-se tendo como referências a entrevista semiestruturada e observações das aulas de Matemática em duas escolas estaduais da cidade de Senhor do Bonfim/BA. Utilizamos ainda como dispositivo da pesquisa um Caso de Ensino aplicado junto à equipe gestora, coordenação e professores de Matemática em encontros de Atividade Complementar. Investigamos as necessidades e as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos docentes na viabilização de suas práticas pedagógicas na escola. Os resultados revelaram que todos os professores participantes da pesquisa consideraram importante o processo formativo do Programa GESTAR, bem como todo o suporte, acompanhamento/intervenção viabilizados pelos formadores em suas ações formativas, entretanto, apontam a ausência de novos materiais (suportes pedagógicos), de políticas públicas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de ações planejadas na escola e de apoio da gestão para o desenvolvimento das atividades no contexto escolar. Outro achado da pesquisa, apresentado nos momentos de observação, diz respeito à existência de contextos que estabelecem relações entre teoria e prática, uma vez que os docentes reconhecem a importância de se trabalhar a partir de situações-problema no ensino da Matemática, mesmo evidenciando que essa prática tem ocorrido ainda de forma tímida em alguns contextos de ensino. Situações contextualizadas com outras disciplinas, utilização de outros materiais didáticos, que não somente o livro didático, elaboração de sequências didáticas em consonância com contextos criados pelos próprios docentes, foram apontados como pontos positivos nos processos de ensino. Nesse sentido, apresentamos as informações emergentes do campo, sistematizadas em uma Cartografia das Práticas Pedagógicas.
Super-sensitivity incoherent optical methods for full-field displacement measurements
Authors: Li Shanwu , Yang Yongchao 
Published: September 2022

The sensitivity of incoherent optical methods using video cameras (e.g., optical flow and digital image correlation) for full-field displacement measurements, defined by the minimum measurable displacements, is essentially limited by the finite bit depth of the digital camera due to the quantization with round-off error. Quantitatively, the theoretical sensitivity limit is determined by the bit depth B as δp = 1/(2
B
− 1) [pixel] which corresponds to a displacement causing an intensity change of one gray level. Fortunately, the random noise in the imaging system may be leveraged to perform a natural dithering to overcome the quantization, rendering the possibility of breaking the sensitivity limit. In this work we study such a theoretical sensitivity limit and present a spatiotemporal pixel-averaging method with dithering to achieve super-sensitivity. The numerical simulation results indicate that super-sensitivity can be achieved and is quantitatively determined by the total pixel number N for averaging and the noise level σ
n
as

δ

p

∗

∝
(

σ

n

/

N

)
δ
p

.
Image-guided robotic radiosurgery for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Loebel Franziska , Pontoriero Antonio , Kluge Anne , Iatì Giuseppe , Acker Gueliz , Kufeld Markus , Cacciola Alberto , Pergolizzi Stefano , Vinci Sergio , Lillo Sara , Xu Ran , Stromberger Carmen , Budach Volker , Vajkoczy Peter , Senger Carolin , Conti Alfredo 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are challenging lesions, often requiring multimodal interventions; however, data on the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results following robotic radiosurgery, alone or in combination with endovascular treatment, and to investigate factors associated with obliteration and complications in patients with AVM.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging characteristics of 123 patients with AVMs of all Spetzler-Martin grades treated at two institutions by robotic radiosurgery in single-fraction doses (CyberKnife). Embolization was performed before radiosurgery in a subset of patients to attempt to downgrade the lesions. Factors associated with AVM obliteration and complications (toxicity) were identified via univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The median follow-up time was 48.1 months (range, 3.6–123 months). Five patients were lost to follow-up. The obliteration rate in the 59 patients with a follow-up period exceeding four years was 72.8%. Complete obliteration and partial remission were achieved in 67 (56.8%) and 31 (26.3%) cases, respectively, whereas no change was observed in 20 cases (17.8%). Embolization was performed in 54/123 cases (43.9%). Complete and partial obliteration were achieved in 29 (55.7%) and 14 (26.9%) embolized patients, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with obliteration were age (p = .018) and the Spetzler-Martin grade (p = .041). Treatment-induced toxicity (radiation necrosis and/or edema) was observed in 15 cases (12.7%), rebleeding occurred in three cases (2.5%), and the rate of mortality associated with rebleeding was 1.7%.

Conclusions
CyberKnife radiosurgery is a valid approach for treating AVMs of all Spetzler-Martin-grades, with satisfactory obliteration rates, low toxicity, and a relatively rare incidence of rebleeding.
A comprehensive mobility discharge assessment framework for older adults transitioning from hospital-to-home in the community—What mobility factors are critical to include? Protocol for an international e-Delphi study
Authors: Kalu Michael E. , Dal Bello-Haas Vanina , Griffin Meridith , Ploeg Jenny , Richardson Julie 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMobility deficits have been identified as an independent risk factor for hospital readmission for adults ≥65 years. Despite evidence indicating how determinants additively influence and predict mobility, no hospital-to-home care transition models comprehensively assess all seven mobility determinants, cognitive, financial, environmental, personal, physical, psychological, and social. There is currently a lack of clarity regarding what factors clinicians and researchers should evaluate for each mobility determinant. The purpose of this e-Delphi study is to prioritize and reach consensus on the factors for each mobility determinant that are critical to assess as part of the Comprehensive Mobility Discharge Assessment Framework (CMDAF) when older adults are discharged from hospital-to-home.MethodsThis protocol paper is an international modified e-Delphi study following the Recommendations for the Conducting and Reporting of Delphi Studies. International researchers, clinicians, older adults and family caregivers residing in a country with universal or near-universal health coverage will be invited to participate as ‘experts’ in three e-Delphi rounds administered throughDelphiManager©. The e-Delphi Round 1 questionnaire will be developed based on scoping review findings and will be pilot tested. For each round, experts will be asked to rate factors for each determinant that are critical to assess as part of the CMDAF using a 9-point scale: Not Important (1–3), Important but Not Critical (4–6), and Critical (7–9). The scale will include a selection option of "unable to score" and experts will also be asked to provide a rationale for their scoring and suggest missing factors. Experts will receive feedback summaries in Rounds 2 and 3 to guide them in reflecting on their initial responses and re-rating of factors that have not reached consensus. The criteria for reaching consensus will be if ≥70% of experts rate a factor as "critical" (scores ≥7) and ≤ 15% of experts rate a factor as "not important" (scores≤ 3). Quantitative data will be analyzed using median values, frequencies, percentages, interquartile range, and bar graphs; Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test will be used to assess the stability of participants’ responses. Rationale (qualitative data) provided in the open-ended comments section will be analyzed using content analysis.ConclusionThis study is a first step in developing the CMDAF and will be used to guide a subsequent e-Delphi survey to decide on the tools that should be used to measure the examples of each factor included in our framework.
An international consensus for mitigation of the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on laparoscopic training
Authors: Yiasemidou Marina , Howitt Annabel , Long Judith , Sedman Peter , Garcia-Olmo Damian , Guadalajara Hector , Van Cleynenbreugel Ben , Sharma Dhananjaya , Biyani Shekhar Chandra , Patel Bijendra , Lam Wayne , Harikrishnan Athur , Gómez Rivas Juan , Robinson Jonathan , Manuel Ribeiro de Oliveira Tiago , Escalona Vivas Gabriel , Sanchez-Salas Rafael , Tourinho-Barbosa Rafael , Chetter Ian 
Published: September 2022

Aim
Achieve an international consensus on how to recover lost training opportunities. The results of this study will help inform future EAES guidelines about the recovery of surgical training before and after the pandemic.

Background
A global survey conducted by our team demonstrated significant disruption in surgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was wide-spread and affected all healthcare systems (whether insurance based or funded by public funds) in all participating countries. Thematic analysis revealed the factors perceived by trainees as barriers to training and gave birth to four-point framework of recovery. These are recommendations that can be easily achieved in any country, with minimal resources. Their implementation, however, relies heavily on the active participation and leadership by trainers. Based on the results of the global trainee survey, the authors would like to conduct a Delphi-style survey, addressed to trainers on this occasion, to establish a pragmatic step-by-step approach to improve training during and after the pandemic.

Methods
This will be a mixed qualitative and quantitative study. Semi-structured interviews will be performed with laparoscopic trainers. These will be transcribed and thematic analysis will be applied. A questionnaire will then be proposed; this will be based on both the results of the semi structured interviews and of the global trainee survey. The questionnaire will then be validated by the steering committee of this group (achieve consensus of >80%). After validation, the questionnaire will be disseminated to trainers across the globe. Participants will be asked to consent to participate in further cycles of the Delphi process until more than 80% agreement is achieved.

Results
This study will result in a pragmatic framework for continuation of surgical training during and after the pandemic (with special focus on minimally invasive surgery training).
Key stakeholders’ experiences and expectations of the care system for individuals affected by borderline personality disorder: An interpretative phenomenological analysis towards co-production of care
Authors: Friesen Laura , Gaine Graham , Klaver Ellen , Burback Lisa , Agyapong Vincent 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) consists of extreme emotional dysregulation and long-term disability when left untreated. It is associated with ineffective use of health care systems and mismanaged care in emergency departments, which can result in a revolving door phenomenon of urgent system usage, poor treatment outcomes, or patients falling out of care entirely–all of which primarily affect patients with BPD as well as their caregivers and clinicians. This crisis must be addressed with a comprehensive understanding of key stakeholder perspectives on the challenges of the system and potential solutions.ObjectiveThis study explored the perspectives of three key stakeholder groups (i.e., patients, clinicians, and caregivers) in relation to their experiences with and future expectations of the care system for those affected by BPD.MethodsFour patients with BPD, three generalist clinicians with experience treating BPD, and three caregivers of individuals with BPD participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked about their experiences with the current healthcare system and their suggestions for improvement. Responses were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsIn-depth analysis of the qualitative data revealed twelve shared themes and three themes that were unique to each key stakeholder group. These themes are discussed and used to inform recommendations for promising practices, policies, and training in this area.ConclusionFindings support the importance of a comprehensive mental health system approach for improving the accessibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of the management and treatment of BPD.
Untargeted saliva metabolomics by liquid chromatography—Mass spectrometry reveals markers of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Frampas Cecile F. , Longman Katie , Spick Matt , Lewis Holly-May , Costa Catia D. S. , Stewart Alex , Dunn-Walters Deborah , Greener Danni , Evetts George , Skene Debra J. , Trivedi Drupad , Pitt Andy , Hollywood Katherine , Barran Perdita , Bailey Melanie J. 
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to represent an ongoing global health issue given the potential for new variants, vaccine escape and the low likelihood of eliminating all reservoirs of the disease. Whilst diagnostic testing has progressed at a fast pace, the metabolic drivers of outcomes–and whether markers can be found in different biofluids–are not well understood. Recent research has shown that serum metabolomics has potential for prognosis of disease progression. In a hospital setting, collection of saliva samples is more convenient for both staff and patients, and therefore offers an alternative sampling matrix to serum.

Methods
Saliva samples were collected from hospitalised patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, alongside clinical metadata. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed using RT-PCR testing, and COVID-19 severity was classified using clinical descriptors (respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation score and C-reactive protein levels). Metabolites were extracted and analysed using high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the resulting peak area matrix was analysed using multivariate techniques.

Results
Positive percent agreement of 1.00 between a partial least squares–discriminant analysis metabolomics model employing a panel of 6 features (5 of which were amino acids, one that could be identified by formula only) and the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 severity was achieved. The negative percent agreement with the clinical severity diagnosis was also 1.00, leading to an area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 1.00 for the panel of features identified.

Conclusions
In this exploratory work, we found that saliva metabolomics and in particular amino acids can be capable of separating high severity COVID-19 patients from low severity COVID-19 patients. This expands the atlas of COVID-19 metabolic dysregulation and could in future offer the basis of a quick and non-invasive means of sampling patients, intended to supplement existing clinical tests, with the goal of offering timely treatment to patients with potentially poor outcomes.
Eosinophil Peroxidase Staining Enhances the Diagnostic Utility of the Cytosponge in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Masuda Mia Y. , Barshow Suzanne M. , Garg Shipra , Putikova Arina , LeSuer William E. , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Katzka David A. , Dellon Evan S. , Kita Hirohito , Horsley-Silva Jennifer L. , Doyle Alfred D. , Wright Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) staining on Cytosponge (CS) samples in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

METHODS:
Esophageal biopsy (BX) samples from adult subjects with EoE were assessed using peak eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf), EPX, and the EoE histologic scoring system. EPX staining and eos/hpf were compared (BX vs CS).

RESULTS:
CS EPX positivity correlated with eos/hpf (CS [r = 0.82, P < 0.0001]; BX [r = 0.65, P < 0.0001]) and EoE histologic scoring system (grade [r = 0.62, P < 0.00001]; stage [r = 0.61, P < 0.0001]). CS EPX identified subjects with active EoE (area under the curve = 0.86, P < 0.0001).

DISCUSSION:
The correlation of CS EPX with eosinophilic inflammation and histologic disease severity supports its diagnostic utility in EoE.