bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐Actuated Micro–Nanorobotics Platforms: Structural Designs, Functional Prospects, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Luthfikasari Rachmi , Patil Tejal V. , Patel Dinesh K. , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Espinal Maria Mercedes , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants are anatomically and physiologically different from humans and animals; however, there are several possibilities to utilize the unique structures and physiological systems of plants and adapt them to new emerging technologies through a strategic biomimetic approach. Moreover, plants provide safe and sustainable results that can potentially solve the problem of mass‐producing practical materials with hazardous and toxic side effects, particularly in the biomedical field, which requires high biocompatibility. In this review, it is investigated how micro–nanostructures available in plants (e.g., nanoparticles, nanofibers and their composites, nanoporous materials, and natural micromotors) are adapted and utilized in the design of suitable materials for a micro–nanorobot platform. How plants’ work on micro‐ and nanoscale systems (e.g., surface roughness, osmotically induced movements such as nastic and tropic, and energy conversion and harvesting) that are unique to plants, can provide functionality on the platform and become further prospective resources are examined. Furthermore, implementation across organisms and fields, which is promising for future practical applications of the plant‐actuated micro–nanorobot platform, especially on biomedical applications, is discussed. Finally, the challenges following its implementation in the micro–nanorobot platform are also presented to provide advanced adaptation in the future.
Robust Hydrogel Adhesion by Harnessing Bioinspired Interfacial Mineralization
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Yaya , Zhang Jiajun , Lei Iek Man , Chen Guangda , Xue Yu , Liang Xiangyu , Wang Daozeng , Wang Guigen , He Sisi , Liu Ji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogels have gained intensive interest in biomedical and flexible electronics, and adhesion of hydrogels to substrates or devices is indispensable in these application scenarios. Although numerous hydrogel adhesion strategies have been developed, it is still challenging to achieve a hydrogel with robust adhesion interface through a universal yet simple method. Here, a strategy for establishing strong interfacial adhesion between various hydrogels and a wide variety of substrates (i.e., soft hydrogels and rigid solids, including glass, aluminum, PET, nylon and PDMS) even under wet conditions, is reported. This strong interfacial adhesion is realized by constructing a bioinspired mineralized transition layer through ion diffusion and subsequent mineral deposition. This strategy is not only generally applicable to a broad range of substrates and ionic pairs, but also compatible with various fabrication approaches without compromising their interfacial robustnesses. This strategy is further demonstrated in the application of single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), where a robust interface between the hydrogel and elastomer layers is enabled to ensure a reliable signal generation and output.
Simultaneous Interfacial Modification and Defect Passivation for Wide‐Bandgap Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.4% Power Conversion Efficiency and 38% Average Visible Transmittance
Authors: Shi Hongxi , Zhang Lei , Huang Hao , Wang Xiaoting , Li Ziyu , Xuan Dazhi , Wang Chenyu , Ou Yali , Ni Chaojie , Li Denggao , Chi Dan , Huang Shihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerovskite materials offer a great potential in the application of semitransparent solar cells, owing to the tunable bandgap, ease of preparation and excellent photovoltaic property. A majority of works exhibit high average visible‐light transmittance (AVT) for semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) through decreasing perovskite thickness, leading to sacrificing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. Herein, a wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite of Cs0.2FA0.8Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3 is applied as absorber in ST‐PSCs, which is a tremendous progress to balance both large PCE and high AVT. Moreover, a strategy of simultaneous interfacial modification and defect passivation is provided to enhance the performance of WBG ST‐PSCs. Consequently, an inverted planar structure WBG perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves 15.06% of PCE with excellent stability by restraining the interfacial energy loss and suppressing the nonradiative recombination. Furthermore, the ST‐PSC obtains high PCE of 14.40% with an AVT of 38% by means of optimizing the transparent electrode. This work provides an efficient and simple method to improve the performance and AVT of ST‐PSCs for the application in building‐integrated photovoltaics.
MAX‐phase Derived Tin Diselenide for 2D/2D Heterostructures with Ultralow Surface/Interface Transport Barriers toward Li‐/Na‐ions Storage
Authors: Mei Jun , Shang Jing , Zhang Chao , Qi Dongchen , Kou Liangzhi , Wijerathne Binodhya , Hu Chunfeng , Liao Ting , MacLeod Jennifer , Sun Ziqi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D tin diselenide and its derived 2D heterostructures have delivered promising potentials in various applications ranging from electronics to energy storage devices. The major challenges associated with large‐scale fabrication of SnSe2 crystals, however, have hindered its engineering applications. Herein, a tin‐extraction synthetic method is proposed for producing large‐size SnSe2 bulk crystals. In a typical synthesis, a Sn‐containing MAX phase (V2SnC) and a Se source are heat‐treated under a reducing atmosphere, by which Sn is extracted from the V2SnC phase as a rectified Sn source to form SnSe2 crystals in the cold zone. After the following liquid exfoliation, the obtained 2D SnSe2 nanosheets have a lateral size of a few centimeters and an atomic thickness. Furthermore, by coupling with 2D graphene to form 2D/2D SnSe2/graphene heterostructured electrodes, as validated by theoretical calculation and experimental studies, the superior Li‐/Na‐ion storage performance with ultralow surface/interface ion transport barriers are achieved for rechargeable Li‐/Na‐ion batteries. This innovative synthetic strategy opens a new avenue for the large‐scale synthesis of selenides and offers more options into the practical application of emerging 2D/2D heterostructure for electrochemical energy storage.
COVID‐19 pandemic, vaccine nationalism and counterfeit products: Discourse and emerging research themes
Authors: Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Hinson Robert E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough “vaccine nationalism” and vaccine diplomacy have thus far typified the COVID‐19 vaccine rollouts around the globe, there remain limited scholarly insights on global vaccine distribution strategies. This research note (RN) examines the global vaccine distribution strategies and implications for public policy and governments. In conceptualizing the global vaccine distribution strategies into three competing perspectives (i.e., “vaccine nationalism,” vaccine diplomacy, and global initiative), this article highlights the divergent effects of different approaches in terms of ushering elements of nationalism and ethnocentrism. By contextualizing the discourse on the COVID‐19 pandemic into the three competing perspectives and highlighting the role of pharmaceutical companies and COVID‐19 vaccine passport, the study also offers pathways for further examination of the subject incorporating the contextual conditions.
Epidemiological study on Ixodid tick infestation and tick borne haemopathogens on cattle in Awi Zone, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Hailemariam , Tamrat Habtamu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTick and tick borne haemopathogens are the main challenge of livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia particular in northwest Ethiopia due to favourable climate condition.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study was to determining the prevalence of Ixodid tick infestation and tick borne haemopathogens on cattle, identifying the existing Ixodid tick species, assessing seasonal variation and major risk factors associated with tick infestation and tick borne haemopathogens.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to july 2021 on Ixodid tick infestation and tick borne haemopathogens on cattle in the northwest Ethiopia. A toatal of 384 cattle were used for this study. Tick species were identified using morphological identification keys under a stereomicroscope. Thin blood smear examination were conducted to assess tick borne haemopathogens.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Ixodid tick infestation and tick borne haemopathogens were 45% and 3%, respectively. Babesia bigemina was the only haemoparasite detected in the present survey. Potential risk factors were investigated for their association with tick infestation and B. bigemina using logistic regression and chi‐square test, respectively. Accordingly, age, body condition, agroecological systems and season were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with tick infestation whereas season and body condition were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with B. bigemina infection. A total seven tick species were identified. Amblyomma varigatum (55%) and Boophilus decoloratus (15.7%) were the predominant Ixodid tick species encountered. A total of 128 blood samples were collected from Jawi district and examined using thin blood smear. Of them, 3% were infected by the B. bigeminaConclusionsTick infestation in this study was high and seems to play vital role for the reduction of production, productivity and for the transmission B. bigemina. Therefore, sound and effective tick control and prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the risk factors for tick infestation and B. bigemina infection in Ethiopia.
Open source intelligence extraction for terrorism‐related information: A review
Authors: Chaudhary Megha , Bansal Divya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this contemporary era, where a large part of the world population is deluged by extensive use of the internet and social media, terrorists have found it a potential opportunity to execute their vicious plans. They have got a befitting medium to reach out to their targets to spread propaganda, disseminate training content, operate virtually, and further their goals. To restrain such activities, information over the internet in context of terrorism needs to be analyzed to channel it to appropriate measures in combating terrorism. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) accounts for a felicitous solution to this problem, which is an emerging discipline of leveraging publicly accessible sources of information over the internet by effectively utilizing it to extract intelligence. The process of OSINT extraction is broadly observed to be in three phases (i) Data Acquisition, (ii) Data Enrichment, and (iii) Knowledge Inference. In the context of terrorism, researchers have given noticeable contributions in compliance with these three phases. However, a comprehensive review that delineates these research contributions into an integrated workflow of intelligence extraction has not been found. The paper presents the most current review in OSINT, reflecting how the various state‐of‐the‐art tools and techniques can be applied in extracting terrorism‐related textual information from publicly accessible sources. Various data mining and text analysis‐based techniques, that is, natural language processing, machine learning, and deep learning have been reviewed to extract and evaluate textual data. Additionally, towards the end of the paper, we discuss challenges and gaps observed in different phases of OSINT extraction.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Government and Public Sector
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Parliamentary Politics and Polarisation Around Gender: Tackling Inequalities in Political Groups in the European Parliament
Authors: Kantola Johanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGender equality has become strongly contested in contemporary European politics. The European Parliament (EP) is not insulated from these developments. This chapter analyses the internal functioning of the parliament’s political groups from the perspective of gender equality. Rather than focusing on policies and policy-making processes, the chapter analyses the ways in which the political groups are perceived as gendered actors by MEPs and staff. This involves examining both remaining gender inequalities, and the practices for advancing gender equality at the political group level. The chapter draws on a large qualitative dataset of 135 interviews with MEPs and political staff conducted in 2018–2021. The findings show that despite differences between the political groups, gendered inequalities are persistent across the political spectrum. The chapter discusses how the political groups show different levels of commitment to gender equality and employ different practices in advancing it with potential for democratic representation and political work.
Turbulent Times for the European Parliament’s Political Groups? Lessons on Continuity and Change
Authors: Elomäki Anna , Ahrens Petra , Kantola Johanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgainst the background of the European Parliament (EP) operating in a polycrisis, we review the chapters of the edited volume and their innovative inroads into studying EP’s political groups and their multiple functions, powers and practices. In this concluding chapter, we pay specific attention to the role of Euroscepticism, political groups as democratic actors and the formal and informal institutions of the political groups. By comparing the book chapters, we draw overarching lessons on continuity and change in the policy- and decision-making between and within the political groups. This chapter closes by discussing political groups in the broader context of European integration and the new research avenues that can be pursued to further deepen our understanding of the political groups.
Eurosceptic Contestation and Legislative Behaviour in the European Parliament
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. , Hartlapp Miriam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEurosceptic political parties have gained substantial support in democratic elections. Scholars have widely studied their programmatic positions. We know much less about the behaviour of Eurosceptics within legislatures. How does Eurosceptic contestation translate into voting behaviour? How do members of Eurosceptic parties engage in plenary debates? Do they stick to their peers when they vote and debate or do they form an untidy opposition? We expect Eurosceptic contestation to be weaker in policy fields that are less structured along the new cultural cleavage and are dominated by left-right ideologies or national interests. Our chapter develops this argument and offers an empirical study of Eurosceptic polarisation and Eurosceptic cohesion in the European Parliament (EP). We present an analysis of roll-call votes in the 7th and 8th legislative term of the EP (2009–2019). Six case studied then zoom into selected legislative processes in three policy fields to explore how contestation materialises in committee work and parliamentary debates in different policy fields. Our findings on cross-sectoral differences allow for a more differentiated understanding of Eurosceptic contestation becoming a vital feature of democratic practices rather than undermining EU policy-making, and European integration more broadly.
When Words Do Not Follow Deeds: An Analysis of Party Competition Between Centre-Right and Eurosceptic Radical-Right Parties in the European Parliament
Authors: Ripoll Servent Ariadna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rise in Eurosceptic and populist parties has put pressure on mainstream centre-right parties and often leads to difficult choices between staying in the centre and moving farther to the right. Given the second-order nature of European Parliament (EP) elections, these shifts have direct consequences for the balance of power on the right of the political spectrum. Increased levels of polarisation in the past legislative periods have put the European People’s Party (EPP) under pressure and led to more ideological diversity. With a content analysis of legislative amendments from two files—the Eurodac Regulation (2016/0132/COD) and the Qualifications Regulation (2016/0223/COD)—the chapter examines whether and under which conditions the positions of the EPP can be clearly delimited from those of far-right Eurosceptic and populist parties. These two files compare dynamics of cooperation and competition in the area of migration, a classical bone of contention between radical- and centre-right parties.
Shaping the EU’s Future? Europarties, European Parliament’s Political Groups and the Conference on the Future of Europe
Authors: Johansson Karl Magnus , Raunio Tapio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEuroparties and the European Parliament (EP) political groups have decades of experience from constitutional reform processes. These partisan actors have influenced EU Treaty amendments while also proving inventive in designing new practices that have over time found their way into the Treaties. Drawing on interviews and parliamentary and party documents, this chapter explores the different avenues and strategies the three largest Europarties—European People’s Party, Party of European Socialists, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe—and their EP groups utilised for shaping the agenda of the Conference on the Future of Europe. It examines the distribution of power between Europarties and the EP groups and pays particular attention to dynamics inside the EP political groups, arguing that the agenda-setting stage of the Conference was strongly influenced by group leaders and other more senior, individual MEPs, many of whom are seasoned veterans of inter-institutional bargaining and EU constitutional development.
General Introduction
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis book is primarily aimed at people occupying the rank of policy maker, policy advisor or decision maker: those in charge of an institution such as a bank, a shop, a company, a university, a government, members of a decision committee or an international organisation. It is not meant to serve as a course textbook. Rather, it is meant as a handbook, used by anyone who finds making decisions difficult. Since the readership is diverse in background and expertise the reader should read chapters and parts selectively, as and when questions or concerns surface. More guidance about the parts of the book is found in this chapter. The crux of the book is the method outlined in Chap. 5.
Constructing an Institutional Compass: Methodology
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe can divide the methodology into six parts. One is to construct a wish compass. This is a meditative, philosophical exercise. The second is the collection and analysis of data. The third is to represent the whole of the data on the compass. The fourth is to use the compass and data table to make policy recommendations. We can do this based on one compass, but it is more interesting and more informative if we have several. In the fifth part, we make the exercise more participative. We invite members of the institution or people affected by the institution to suggest data or help with the analysis. The last part is to declare one’s ideological orientation. This last step is important for several reasons. We shall discuss them in due course.
Merging the Compass with Systems Science
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsider a system’s approach to identifying the vulnerable, strong and influential parts of a system. An institution can be thought of as a system. It might be explicitly organised with rules or it might be self-organising. It has an effect: internal and external to the institution/ system. Actions are performed within, by, and on, a system. It is composed of nodes roughly thought of as objects or positions, and relations between them. The characteristic of a system in the sense of systems science is that:	To make a systems analysis, we identify nodes in a system and the relations between them. Nodes might be roles, particular people, sub-organisations, projects, items, cells, places, traditions and so on. A systems scientist tries to take a neutral role, and maps the system using a diagram. He, or she, invites members of the system to suggest the nodes and the relations. See Fig. 6.1.
Proof of a three-loop relation between the Regge limits of four-point amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity
Authors: Naculich Stephen G. , Wecker Theodore W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A previously proposed all-loop-orders relation between the Regge limits of four-point amplitudes of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity is established at the three-loop level. We show that the Regge limit of known expressions for the amplitudes obtained using generalized unitarity simplifies in both cases to a (modified) sum over three-loop ladder and crossed-ladder scalar diagrams. This in turn is consistent with the result obtained using the eikonal representation of the four-point gravity amplitude. A possible exact three-loop relation between four-point amplitudes is also considered.
Critical quenches, OTOCs and early-time chaos
Authors: Das Suchetan , Ezhuthachan Bobby , Kundu Arnab , Porey Somnath , Roy Baishali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, we explore dynamical aspects of Out-of-Time-Order correlators (OTOCs) for critical quenches, in which an initial non-trivial state evolves with a CFT-Hamiltonian. At sufficiently large time, global critical quenches exhibit a universal thermal-behavior in terms of low-point correlators. We demonstrate that, under such a quench, OTOCs demarcate chaotic CFTs from integrable CFTs by exhibiting a characteristic exponential Lyapunov growth for the former. Upon perturbatively introducing inhomogeneity to the global quench, we further argue and demonstrate with examples that, such a perturbation parameter can induce a parametrically large scrambling time, even for a CFT with an order one central charge. This feature may be relevant in designing measurement protocols for non-trivial OTOCs, in general. Both our global and inhomogeneous quench results bode well for an upper bound on the corresponding Lyapunov exponent, that may hold outside thermal equilibrium.
Hard Lefschetz Property for Isometric Flows
Authors: Royo Prieto José Ignacio , Saralegi-Aranguren Martintxo , Wolak Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hard Lefschetz property (HLP) is an important property which has been studied in several categories of the symplectic world. For Sasakian manifolds, this duality is satisfied by the basic cohomology (so, it is a transverse property), but a new version of the HLP has been recently given in terms of duality of the cohomology of the manifold itself in [1]. Both properties were proved to be equivalent (see [2]) in the case of K-contact flows. In this paper, we extend both versions of the HLP (transverse and not) to the more general category of isometric flows, and show that they are equivalent. We also give some explicit examples which illustrate the categories where the HLP could be considered.