bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent declines in American lobster fecundity in southern New England: drivers and implications
Authors: Goldstein Jason S , Zarrella-Smith Katrina A , Pugh Tracy L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lobsters in southern New England (SNE) have experienced decades of environmental stressors along with a suite of emerging diseases. We hypothesized that the sublethal effects of physiological stress resulting from increased temperatures have contributed to a decline in reproductive investment in SNE lobsters. Using the presence of epizootic shell disease (ESD) as a proxy for stress, we examined lobster potential fecundity through the number of recently extruded, early-stage eggs and their nutritional quality; realized fecundity based on counts of late-stage eggs nearing hatch; and compared realized fecundity to historical data (1980s) from the region. Generalized linear modeling revealed that female size was a significant predictor of both potential and realized fecundity as expected, but that ESD status did not result in differences in fecundity. Dry weight was the only difference in nutritional content egg–1 between non-diseased and diseased females. There was also no relationship detected between potential fecundity and any nutritional metric from non-diseased females. However, both dry weight and protein were negatively correlated with potential fecundity in diseased females. Most importantly, realized fecundity of recent-day females was significantly reduced compared to the fecundity of historical females, characterized as a 23% decrease predicted by our model. Stressful environmental conditions, particularly temperature, may have contributed to decreased fecundity over a 30-year period in SNE. Our data demonstrate that expectations around the potential for the SNE stock to rebuild need to be adjusted to this new regime of decreased reproductive output and can no longer rely on past estimates of egg production and recruitment.
Capitalism, international law, race, and China’s rise: Afterword to the Foreword by Karen Alter
Authors: Shaffer Gregory 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Karen Alter’s rich Foreword develops an important research agenda regarding capitalism, and its impact on what she calls “global economic law.” This Afterword builds on Alter’s essay to make four points. First, it compares Alter’s framework of international regime complexes with the framework of transnational legal orders that has been applied to a wide spectrum of issues. It shows how the latter framework is necessary to supplement Alter’s regime framework. Second, it subjects Alter’s concluding argument in favor of multilateralism to a comparative institutional perspective, which foregrounds considerations that Alter’s essay elides. It notes the contexts in which multilateral international law is, or is not, a preferred approach. Third, it substantially qualifies Alter’s concluding prediction regarding continuity with China’s rise. It stresses the implications of China’s combination of state capitalism and political authoritarianism, coupled with other transnational trends, including within the United States. Fourth, it notes her lack of engagement with the issue of race and international law, which is present in its absence, on which the framework of transnational legal orders sheds greater light.
Arithmetic Orr Invariants of Absolute Galois Groups
Authors: Kodani Hisatoshi , Terashima Yuji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on the analogies between mapping class groups and absolute Galois groups, we introduce an arithmetic pro-$\ell $ analogue of Orr invariants for a Galois element associated with Galois action on étale fundamental groups of punctured projective lines. At the same time, we also introduce pro-$\ell $ Orr space as an arithmetic analogue of Orr space whose third homotopy group is a target group of Orr invariant. We then determine its rank as $\mathbb {Z}_{\ell }$-module following Igusa–Orr’s computation. Moreover, we investigate its relation with Ellenberg’s obstruction to $\pi _1$-sections associated with lower central series filtration in the context of Grothendieck’s section conjecture.
A Systematic Molecular Epidemiology Screen Reveals Numerous Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Superinfections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Chaudron Sandra E , Leemann Christine , Kusejko Katharina , Nguyen Huyen , Tschumi Nadine , Marzel Alex , Huber Michael , Böni Jürg , Perreau Matthieu , Klimkait Thomas , Yerly Sabine , Ramette Alban , Hirsch Hans H , Rauch Andri , Calmy Alexandra , Vernazza Pietro , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Metzner Karin J , Kouyos Roger D , Günthard Huldrych F ,   for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , de Tejada B Martinez , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Kusejko K , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Studying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection is important to understand virus transmission, disease progression, and vaccine design. But detection remains challenging, with low sampling frequencies and insufficient longitudinal samples.

Methods
Using the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), we developed a molecular epidemiology screening for superinfections. A phylogeny built from 22 243 HIV-1 partial polymerase sequences was used to identify potential superinfections among 4575 SHCS participants with longitudinal sequences. A subset of potential superinfections was tested by near-full-length viral genome sequencing (NFVGS) of biobanked plasma samples.

Results
Based on phylogenetic and distance criteria, 325 potential HIV-1 superinfections were identified and categorized by their likelihood of being detected as superinfections due to sample misidentification. NFVGS was performed for 128 potential superinfections; of these, 52 were confirmed by NFVGS, 15 were not confirmed, and for 61 sampling did not allow confirming or rejecting superinfection because the sequenced samples did not include the relevant time points causing the superinfection signal in the original screen. Thus, NFVGS could support 52 of 67 adequately sampled potential superinfections.

Conclusions
This cohort-based molecular approach identified, to our knowledge, the largest population of confirmed superinfections, showing that, while rare with a prevalence of 1%–7%, superinfections are not negligible events.
FEAR index in predicting treatment among patients with femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia and the relationship of femoral version
Authors: Meyer Alex M , Schaver Andrew L , Cohen Brian H , Glass Natalie A , Willey Michael C , Westermann Robert W 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index is a newer measurement to identify the hip instability with borderline acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to (i) validate the FEAR index in determining the stability of the hip in patients who have previously been treated surgically for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and/or developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and (ii) to examine the relationship between the FEAR index and femoral version, lateral center edge angle, Tönnis angle and alpha angle (AA). Patient demographics and radiographic measurements of 215 hips (178 patients), 116 hips treated with hip arthroscopy for FAI and 99 hips treated with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for DDH were compared between groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the FEAR index to detect the surgical procedure performed (PAO or hip arthroscopy) was calculated, and a threshold value was proposed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to describe the relationships between the FEAR index, femoral version and other radiographic measurements. The FEAR index was higher in patients with DDH versus FAI (DDH: 2.81 ± 0.50° versus FAI: −1.00 ± 0.21°, P &lt; 0.001). A FEAR index threshold value of 3° had a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 81%, respectively, for correctly predicting the surgical procedure performed. Femoral version was positively associated with the FEAR index in the setting of DDH (r = 0.36, P = 0.001) but not FAI (r = 0.02, P = 0.807). A FEAR index of 3° predicted treatment with 80% sensitivity and 81% specificity. In addition, femoral version significantly correlates with the FEAR index in the setting of DDH but not FAI.
Desiccation–rehydration measurements in bryophytes: current status and future insights
Authors: Morales-Sánchez José Ángel , Mark Kristiina , Souza João Paulo S , Niinemets Ülo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDesiccation–rehydration experiments have been employed over the years to evaluate desiccation tolerance of bryophytes (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, and Anthocerotophyta). Researchers have applied a spectrum of protocols to induce desiccation and subsequent rehydration, and a wide variety of techniques have been used to study desiccation-dependent changes in bryophyte molecular, cellular, physiological, and structural traits, resulting in a multifaceted assortment of information that is challenging to synthesize. We analysed 337 desiccation–rehydration studies, providing information for 351 species, to identify the most frequent methods used, analyse the advances in desiccation studies over the years, and characterize the taxonomic representation of the species assessed. We observed certain similarities across methodologies, but the degree of convergence among the experimental protocols was surprisingly low. Out of 52 bryophyte orders, 40% have not been studied, and data are lacking for multiple remote or difficult to access locations. We conclude that for quantitative interspecific comparisons of desiccation tolerance, rigorous standardization of experimental protocols and measurement techniques, and simultaneous use of an array of experimental techniques are required for a mechanistic insight into the different traits modified in response to desiccation. New studies should also aim to fill gaps in taxonomic, ecological, and spatial coverage of bryophytes.
Local and systemic responses conferring acclimation of Brassica napus roots to low phosphorus conditions
Authors: Li Yalin , Yang Xinyu , Liu HaiJiang , Wang Wei , Wang Chuang , Ding Guangda , Xu Fangsen , Wang Sheliang , Cai Hongmei , Hammond John P , White Philip J , Shabala Sergey , Yu Min , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the non-uniform distribution of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the soil, plants modify their root architecture to improve acquisition of this nutrient. In this study, a split-root system was employed to assess the nature of local and systemic signals that modulate root architecture of Brassica napus grown with non-uniform Pi availability. Lateral root (LR) growth was regulated systemically by non-uniform Pi distribution, by increasing the second-order LR (2°LR) density in compartments with high Pi supply but decreasing it in compartments with low Pi availability. Transcriptomic profiling identified groups of genes regulated, both locally and systemically, by Pi starvation. The number of systemically induced genes was greater than the number of genes locally induced, and included genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, sucrose, and starch metabolism. Physiological studies confirmed the involvement of ABA, JA, sugars, and ROS in the systemic Pi starvation response. Our results reveal the mechanistic basis of local and systemic responses of B. napus to Pi starvation and provide new insights into the molecular and physiological basis of root plasticity.
An Hα survey of the host environments of 77 type IIn supernovae within z &lt; 0.02
Authors: Ransome C L , Habergham-Mawson S M , Darnley M J , James P A , Percival S M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are an uncommon and highly heterogeneous class of SN where the SN ejecta interact with pre-existing circumstellar media (CSM). Previous studies have found a mass ladder in terms of the association of the SN location with H α emission and the progenitor masses of SN classes. In this paper, we present the largest environmental study of SNe IIn. We analyse the H α environments of 77 type SNeIIn using continuum subtracted H α images. We use the pixel statistics technique, normalized cumulative ranking (NCR), to associate SN pixels with H α emission. We find that our 77 SNe IIn do not follow the H α emission. This is not consistent with the proposed progenitors of SNe IIn, luminous blue variables (LBVs) as LBVs are high-mass stars that undergo dramatic episodic mass loss. However, a subset of the NCR values follow the H α emission, suggesting a population of high-mass progenitors. This suggests there may be multiple progenitor paths with ∼60 per cent having non-zero NCR values with a distribution consistent with high-mass progenitors such as LBVs and ∼40 per cent of these SNe not being associated with H α emission. We discuss the possible progenitor routes of SNe IIn, especially for the zero NCR value population. We also investigate the radial distribution of the SNe in their hosts in terms of H α and r′-band flux.
Radio Galaxy Zoo: using semi-supervised learning to leverage large unlabelled data sets for radio galaxy classification under data set shift
Authors: Slijepcevic Inigo V , Scaife Anna M M , Walmsley Mike , Bowles Micah , Wong O Ivy , Shabala Stanislav S , Tang Hongming 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we examine the classification accuracy and robustness of a state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithm applied to the morphological classification of radio galaxies. We test if SSL with fewer labels can achieve test accuracies comparable to the supervised state of the art and whether this holds when incorporating previously unseen data. We find that for the radio galaxy classification problem considered, SSL provides additional regularization and outperforms the baseline test accuracy. However, in contrast to model performance metrics reported on computer science benchmarking data sets, we find that improvement is limited to a narrow range of label volumes, with performance falling off rapidly at low label volumes. Additionally, we show that SSL does not improve model calibration, regardless of whether classification is improved. Moreover, we find that when different underlying catalogues drawn from the same radio survey are used to provide the labelled and unlabelled data sets required for SSL, a significant drop in classification performance is observed, highlighting the difficulty of applying SSL techniques under data set shift. We show that a class-imbalanced unlabelled data pool negatively affects performance through prior probability shift, which we suggest may explain this performance drop, and that using the Fréchet distance between labelled and unlabelled data sets as a measure of data set shift can provide a prediction of model performance, but that for typical radio galaxy data sets with labelled sample volumes of $\mathcal {O}(10^3)$, the sample variance associated with this technique is high and the technique is in general not sufficiently robust to replace a train–test cycle.
Four new deeply eclipsing white dwarfs in Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Kosakowski A , Kilic M , Brown W R , Bergeron P , Kupfer T 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for deeply eclipsing white dwarfs in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Data Release 4 (DR4). We identify nine deeply eclipsing white dwarf candidates, four of which we followed up with high-cadence photometry and spectroscopy. Three of these systems show total eclipses in the ZTF data and our follow-up Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope observations. Even though the eclipse duration is consistent with sub-stellar companions, our analysis shows that all four systems contain a white dwarf with low-mass stellar companions of ∼0.1 M⊙. We provide mass and radius constraints for both stars in each system based on our photometric and spectroscopic fitting. Finally, we present a list of 41 additional eclipsing WD+M candidates identified in a preliminary search of ZTF DR7, including 12 previously studied systems. We identify two new candidate short-period, eclipsing, white dwarf–brown dwarf binaries within our sample of 41 WD+M candidates based on Pan-STARRS colours.
NIHAO – XXVII. Crossing the green valley
Authors: Blank Marvin , Macciò Andrea V , Kang Xi , Dixon Keri L , Soliman Nadine H 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The transition of high-mass galaxies from being blue and star-forming to being red and dead is a crucial step in galaxy evolution, yet not fully understood. In this work, we use the NIHAO (Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astrophysical Objects) suite of galaxy simulations to investigate the relation between the transition time through the green valley and other galaxy properties. The typical green valley crossing time of our galaxies is approximately 400 Myr, somewhat shorter than observational estimates. The crossing of the green valley is triggered by the onset of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback and the subsequent shutdown of star formation. Interestingly, the time spent in the green valley is not related to any other galaxy properties, such as stellar age or metallicity, or the time at which the star formation quenching takes place. The crossing time is set by two main contributions: the ageing of the current stellar population and the residual star formation in the green valley. These effects are of comparable magnitude, while major and minor mergers have a negligible contribution. Most interestingly, we find the time that a galaxy spends to travel through the green valley is twice the e-folding time of the star formation quenching. This result is stable against galaxy properties and the exact numerical implementation of AGN feedback in the simulation. Assuming a typical crossing time of about 1 Gyr inferred from observations, our results imply that any mechanism or process aiming to quench star formation must do it on a typical time-scale of 500 Myr.
TYC 2990-127-1: An Algol-type SB2 binary system of subgiant and red giant with a probable ongoing mass-transfer
Authors: Kovalev Mikhail , Li Zhenwei , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Jiangdan , Chen Xuefei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the spectroscopic binary TYC 2990-127-1 from the LAMOST survey. We use full-spectrum fitting to derive radial velocities and spectral parameters. The high mass ratio indicates that the system underwent mass transfer in the past. We compute the orbital solution and find that it is a very close sub-giant/red giant pair on circular orbit, slightly inclined to the sky-plane. Fitting of the TESS photometrical data confirms this and suggests an inclination of i ∼ 39.8°. The light curve and spectrum around Hα show signs of irregular variability, which supports ongoing mass transfer. The binary evolution simulations suggest that the binary may experience non-conservative mass transfer with accretion efficiency 0.3, and the binary will enter into common envelope (CE) phase in the subsequent evolution. The remnant product after the ejection of CE may be a detached double helium white dwarf (He WD) or a merger.
Climate Warming Since the Holocene Accelerates West–East Communication for the Eurasian Temperate Water Strider SpeciesAquarius paludum
Authors: Ye Zhen , Yuan Juanjuan , Damgaard Jakob , Berchi Gavril Marius , Cianferoni Fabio , Pintar Matthew R. , Olosutean Horea , Zhu Xiuxiu , Jiang Kun , Yang Xin , Fu Siying , Bu Wenjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHolocene climate warming has dramatically altered biological diversity and distributions. Recent human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases will exacerbate global warming and thus induce threats to cold-adapted taxa. However, the impacts of this major climate change on transcontinental temperate species are still poorly understood. Here, we generated extensive genomic datasets for a water strider, Aquarius paludum, which was sampled across its entire distribution in Eurasia and used these datasets in combination with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to elucidate the influence of the Holocene and future climate warming on its population structure and demographic history. We found that A. paludum consisted of two phylogeographic lineages that diverged in the middle Pleistocene, which resulted in a “west–east component” genetic pattern that was probably triggered by Central Asia-Mongoxin aridification and Pleistocene glaciations. The diverged western and eastern lineages had a second contact in the Holocene, which shaped a temporary hybrid zone located at the boundary of the arid–semiarid regions of China. Future predictions detected a potentially novel northern corridor to connect the western and eastern populations, indicating west–east gene flow would possibly continue to intensify under future warming climate conditions. Further integrating phylogeographic and ENM analyses of multiple Eurasian temperate taxa based on published studies reinforced our findings on the “west–east component” genetic pattern and the predicted future northern corridor for A. paludum. Our study provided a detailed paradigm from a phylogeographic perspective of how transcontinental temperate species differ from cold-adapted taxa in their response to climate warming.
Business Education for Music Therapists: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Wilhelm Kyle , Wilhelm Lindsey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The number of music therapy private practices in the United States is growing. While it is thought that improving business skills can improve business success, it is not clear what business education was received by music therapy business owners (MTBOs). The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to explore MTBOs business education in the United States and their views on business education for music therapists and music therapy students. Following an interpretivist theoretical framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 MTBOs representing all seven regions of the American Music Therapy Association. Using thematic analysis, we created five themes with supporting subthemes. Our findings indicate that the amount of business education participants received as students did not match the amount of business education they perceived necessary to be business owners, and that they sought out additional training from a variety of sources. Participants’ views on music therapy business education and skills important for business ownership in the field of music therapy are explored.