bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Characterization of Bamboo Leaf Flavonoids by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Ye Shuhuan , Pan Fupeng , Yao Linna , Fang Hailing , Cheng Yaqian , Zhang Zixuan , Chen Yongjian , Zhang Ailian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe utilization of bamboo industry exhibits varied but still needs to be improved. Bamboo leaf flavonoid (BLF) is an important resource of bamboo which has become a research focus. However, the isolation and purification techniques of four flavonoid carbon glycosides (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin) from BLF were still confronted with difficulties due to their complex and similar structures, which obstructed the development of bamboo utilization. In this article, a purification technology of four flavonoid carbon glycosides from BLF by Sephadex LH‐20 was improved. The results were evaluated by HPLC and pharmacological activity. Specifically, the eluent, flow rate, and loading amount were investigated, respectively. According to the results, the eluent would dominate the isolation effect among three factors. High concentration of isoorientin and four flavonoid carbon glycosides would be obtained under the optimized condition (The eluent was 70 % methanol, the loading amount was 1.5 g, and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min). Meanwhile, the link between flavonoid carbon glycosides content and their antioxidant activity in vitro was also revealed. Overall, the results suggested that BLF may serve as potential functional food additives and medicine.
The Synergetic Effect of Support‐oxygen Groups and Pt Particle Size in the Oxidation of α‐D‐glucose: A Proximity Effect in Adsorption
Authors: Führer Marlene , van Haasterecht Tomas , Masoud Nazila , Barrett Dean H. , Verhoeven Tiny , Hensen Emiel , Tromp Moniek , Rodella Cristiane B. , Bitter Harry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of the support‐oxygen groups and Pt particle size on the catalytic performance of Pt/AC for the aerobic oxidation of α‐D‐glucose to gluconic acid (glycolate) was studied. Surface‐oxygen groups were introduced by treating the activated carbon support with diluted HNO3 without significantly affecting the support porosity. The platinum particle size could be decreased on both the treated and untreated support by adding an additional calcination step to the synthesis. The presence of oxygen‐containing groups is shown to be highly beneficial (∼4 fold increase in the turnover frequency) only for the smallest Pt particle size (1.8–2.5 nm, determined by TEM). For the catalyst with the larger Pt size (3.4–3.6 nm), the presence of additional oxygen‐contacting groups does not significantly enhance the activity. Since the size of the smaller Pt particles is close to the product/substrate molecular diameter (glucose/gluconic acid, ∼0.9 nm) the observed effect can be attributed to the effective repulsion by the negatively charged oxygen groups in close proximity to the glycolate reaction product. The increase in activity originates from the resulting enhanced desorption of glycolate by alleviating the product inhibition presence due to the strong interaction of glycolate with Pt.
Hyperkubisches Glas – Dalís »Vidriera Hipercúbica« neu interpretiert
Authors: Fernández‐Serrano Martino Peña , Wirfler Katja , López Sebastián Andrés , Reißaus Henrik , Weimar Thorsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDas »Vidriera Hipercubica« ist als kinetisches Artefakt entwickelt, das eine Änderung des Zustands durch Faltung beziehungsweise Entfaltung ermöglicht. Das Konzept basiert auf dem Entwurf des spanischen Architekten Emilio Pérez Piñero für Salvador Dalí aus dem Jahr 1971 für einen kinetischen Raumabschluss zwischen ehemaligem Bühnen‐ und Zuschauerbereich des alten Theaters von Figueras, das zum Theater‐Museum Dalí umgebaut werden soll. Mit der Integration der Bewegung als vierte Dimension in der Architektur thematisiert das »Vidriera Hipercúbica« einen Ansatz in der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts analog zu der Zeit in der Physik. Gemeinsam mit Studierenden im Masterstudiengang Architektur an der Universität Siegen wird das Prinzip der originalen Konstruktion analysiert und mit digitalen Fertigungstechniken in die heutige Zeit als hyperkubisches Glas transferiert.Hypercubic Glass – Dalís »Vidriera Hipercúbica« new interpreted. The »Vidriera Hipercúbica« is developed as a kinetic artefact that can change its state through folding and unfolding and is, thus, permanently in motion. The concept is based on the design by the Spanish architect Emilio Pérez Piñero for Salvador Dalí from 1971 for a kinetic room closure between the former stage and the audience area of the old theatre in Figueras, which is to be reformed into the Dalí Theatre‐Museum. With the integration of movement as the 4th dimension in architecture, the »Vidriera Hipercúbica« thematises an approach in 20th century art, analogous to the time in physics. Together with students of the Master's course of architecture at Universität Siegen, the design principle of the original construction is analysed and translated into the present by using digital production techniques.
Glas als Druckelement | Eine nachhaltige Lösung
Authors: Fadai Alireza , Weißenböck Lukas , Stephan Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIm Rahmen der aktuellen Forschungsprojekte befassen sich die Autoren mit der ressourceneffizienten Optimierung von Tragelementen im mehrgeschossigen Hochbau. Die nachhaltige Architektur reagiert auf den umweltpolitischen Wandel und beschäftigt sich vermehrt mit den Baustoffen Holz, Stahl und Glas. In dem Beitrag soll die Signifikanz von Glas als Tragstruktur verdeutlicht werden. Anhand einer durchgeführten Studie für entwickelte Glas‐Hybridelemente konnten ein effizienter Einsatz ermittelt und eine materialgerechte Anwendung ermöglicht werden. Zur Verdeutlichung werden außerdem einige innovative Projekte und Forschungsarbeiten zu druckbeanspruchtem Glas vorgestellt. Mit einer ökologischen Bewertung und Gegenüberstellung der Stützelemente mit den konventionellen Ausführungen in Stahl‐, Stahlbeton‐ und Holzbauweise wird das Potenzial solcher Konstruktionen weiter belegt.Glass as a compression member | A sustainable solution. As a part of the current research projects, the authors deal with the resource‐efficient optimization of load‐bearing elements in multi‐story building construction. Sustainable architecture reacts to changes in environmental policy and deals increasingly with the building materials timber, steel and glass. The aim of the paper is to clarify the significance of glass as a supporting structure. On the basis of a study carried out for developed glass hybrid elements, an efficient use was determined and an application appropriate to the material made possible. Some innovative projects and research work on pressure‐stressed glass are also presented. With an ecological assessment and comparison of the supporting elements with the conventional designs in steel, reinforced concrete and timber construction, the potential of such structures is further proven.
Analyse des Hagelwiderstandes von Gewächshaushüllen
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen , Kneringer Georg Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEs wird aufgrund des Klimawandels in Zukunft vermehrt zu extremen Unwettersituationen, wie Sturm, Starkregenereignissen in Kombination mit Hagel, und den damit verbundenen Schäden in verschiedenen baulichen Bereichen unseres Lebens wie zum Beispiel bei Hüllen von Gewächshäusern durch Hagelschlag kommen. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, sich mit den Themen beginnend von der Entstehung des Hagels bis zu den durch Hagelschlag hervorgerufenen Schäden zu beschäftigen. Durch geeignete Prüfeinrichtungen können die so genannten Hagelwiderstandsklassen im Labor ermittelt werden. Diese Bestimmung von den Hagelwiderstandsklassen wurde im Labor für unterschiedliche Hüllenmaterialien aus Kunststoff und Glas mittels geeignetem Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt.Analysis of the hail resistance of greenhouse envelopes. Due to climate change, there will be more extreme storms in the future, such as storms, heavy rain events in combination with hail, and the associated damage in various structural areas of our life such as the envelopes of greenhouses from hail. For this reason, it is important to deal with the topics from the origin of the hail to the damage caused by hailstorms. The so‐called hail resistance classes can be determined in the laboratory using suitable testing equipment. This determination of the hail resistance classes was carried out in the laboratory for different cover materials made of plastic and glass using a suitable test set‐up.
Strukturelle Holz‐Glas‐Klebungen unter Kurz‐ und Langzeitbeanspruchung
Authors: Fecht Simon , Kaufmann Marvin , Vallée Till 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMit den hier vorgestellten Ergebnissen an geklebten Holz‐Glas‐Proben aus Experimenten unter Kurz‐ und Langzeitbeanspruchung mit vielen Parametern (Holzsorte, Klebstoff, Temperaturen und Luftfeuchtigkeit) konnten neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Bei Zug‐ und Durckscherproben hat der Klebstoff den größeren Einfluss auf die Festigkeit. Die Temperatur bei 1K‐PU, Silanen und Acrylaten hat bis 60 °C einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Festigkeit, bei 2K‐Epoxiden bis 80 °C keinen. In Verbundversuchen unter dauerhafter zyklischer Klimalagerung wurde deutlich, dass durch das Holzquellen Zugspannungen an der Glasaußenseite auftreten. Dies stellt eine ungünstige Belastungssituation für großflächig verklebte Glasscheiben dar, die bei Klebstoffen mit hoher Steifigkeit zu Rissen im Glas führen.Structural wood‐glass‐bonds under short‐ and long‐term loading. The results presented here on bonded wood‐glass specimens from experiments under short‐ and long‐term stress with many parameters (wood type, adhesive, temperatures, and humidity) provided new insights. In tensile and compression tests, the adhesive has the greater influence on the strength. The temperature has a significant influence on the strength of 1K PU, silanes and acrylates up to 60 °C, and none up to 80 °C for 2K epoxies. In composite tests under permanent cyclic climate storage, it became clear that tensile stresses occur on the outside of the glass due to wood swelling. This is an unfavourable load situation for glass panes bonded over a large area, which leads to cracks in the glass in the case of adhesives with high stiffness.
Einfluss der Zwischenschicht auf das Bruchverhalten von Verbundsicherheitsglas
Authors: Weis Jasmin , Siebert Geralt 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEin aktuelles Forschungsthema im Bereich des konstruktiven Glasbaus ist der rechnerische Nachweis der Resttragfähigkeit von Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) aus Einscheibensicherheitsglas (ESG). Zur Beschreibung des Resttragverhaltens ist neben der reinen Zwischenschicht auch der Verbund sowie der Kontakt zwischen den Glasbruchstücken zu charakterisieren. Somit ist es im Fall von gebrochenem VSG aus ESG notwendig, das Bruchbild zu erfassen. Bisherige Untersuchungen fanden dahingehend an einzelnen, monolithischen ESG (Mono‐Scheiben) statt. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Zwischenschicht auf das Bruchverhalten und das dadurch bedingte Bruchbild untersucht und mithilfe modernster Messgeräte wie Zeiss Scanner, Highspeed‐Kamera und CulletScanner erfasst. Schließlich kann gezeigt werden, dass sich das Bruchverhalten eines ESG als Teil von VSG eklatant von dem einer Mono‐Scheibe unterscheidet.Influence of the interlayer on the fracture behavior of laminated safety glass. A current research topic in the field of structural glass engineering is the computational design of the residual load‐bearing capacity of laminated safety glass made from fully tempered glass (FTG). To describe the residual load‐bearing behaviour besides the interlayer itself, the bond and the contact between the glass fragments must also be characterized. Thus, in the case of broken laminated safety glass made from FTG, it is necessary to determine the fracture pattern. Previous investigations have been carried out on mono‐panes. In this work, the influence of the interlayer on the fracture behaviour and the resulting fracture pattern is investigated for the first time and recorded using state‐of‐the‐art measuring equipment such as Zeiss scanners, high‐speed camera, and cullet scanner. Finally, it can be shown that the fracture behaviour of a laminated safety glass differs from that of a mono layer.
Komplexe Glaskonstruktionen im Projekt Morland Mixité Capitale in Paris
Authors: Fildhuth Thiemo , Oppe Matthias , Damon Pascal , Crossley Jeremy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIm Zuge des Umbaus der ehemaligen Präfektur von Paris am Boulevard Morland wird im 15. und 16. Obergeschoss ein vollständig verglaster, öffentlicher Bereich mit Gastronomie und einer kaleidoskopartigen Kunstinstallation (Arch. D. Chipperfield/Studio Other Spaces) neu geschaffen. Die Fassaden im 16. Obergeschoss bestehen aus zweiseitig horizontal gelagertem, Structural‐Glazing‐verklebtem Isolierglas mit variabler keramischer Bedruckung und reflektierender Beschichtung. Darüber sind die „Kaleidoskope” eingehängt, deren spiegelnde Glasschotten die Grenze zwischen innen und außen aufheben. Jedes der 32 Kaleidoskopmodule wird nach oben durch ein bombiertes Isolierglas abgeschlossen. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die detaillierte Umsetzung dieser Glaskonstruktionen.Complex glass construction within the project Morland Mixité Capitale in Paris. The renovation and conversion of the former prefecture of the city of Paris at the Boulevard Morland (Arch.: D. Chipperfield) comprises the construction of a new two‐storey, fully glazed, public space on top of the existing building. Intended for gastronomical use, it comprises a kaleidoscope‐like glass art installation designed by Studio Other Spaces. The envelope of the 16th floor consists of two‐side supported, large SG‐bonded IGUs with variable ceramic frit and reflective mirror‐coating. The ceiling above is assembled from “kaleidoscope”‐modules comprising suspended mirror‐glass sheets that confusingly blur the boundaries between inside and the outside. Each of the 32 kaleidoscope‐boxes is covered by a double‐curved insulating glass unit. The present contribution deciphers the complex construction design and realization process of these glass structures.
Return on investment and water savings of add‐on irrigation sensors for bermudagrass lawn irrigation in Northwest Arkansas
Authors: Sandor Daniel , Karcher Douglas , Richardson Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHomeowners with automated sprinkler systems water lawns frequently and may be unaware of the volume of water applied in their irrigation programs. Rain sensors (RS) and soil moisture sensors (SMS) may reduce watering by permitting scheduled irrigation to occur relative to recent rainfall or current soil moisture status and are available as add‐on technologies for residential sprinkler systems. As RS and SMS may positively impact irrigation scheduling, incorporating them into existing sprinkler systems may reduce water use and provide a return on investment (ROI), without compromising turfgrass quality. The objectives of this research were to determine the water savings of add‐on RS and SMS, estimate their ROI, and evaluate their impact on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] lawn quality over three summers in Northwest Arkansas. An irrigation schedule without a sensor (control) was programmed to apply 0.5 inches of water twice a week for 17 wk. Water usage and turfgrass quality under the control were compared with two RS and two SMS, following the same program. During the 3‐yr study, RS and SMS reduced annual water use by an average of 22.1 and 66.2%, respectively. All treatments exhibited similar turfgrass quality and remained above the minimum level of acceptable quality. Under these experimental conditions, the average ROI for RS and SMS was estimated to be $87 and $200, respectively, within the first year of installation. Regional best management practices for watering bermudagrass lawns should include the incorporation of RS and SMS to reduce irrigation, maintain turfgrass quality, and save money.
Efficient and Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH over Bismuth‐Based Bromide Perovskites in Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Chun , Wei Yi , Wei Fang , Kong Lichun , Feng Jiuju , Lu Ji‐Qing , Zhou Xiaocheng , Yang Fa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskites, primarily used as optoelectronic devices, have not been applied for electrochemical conversion due to their insufficient stability in moisture. Herein, two bismuth‐based perovskites are introduced as novel electrocatalysts to convert CO2 into HCOOH in aqueous acidic media (pH 2.5), exhibiting a high Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH of >80 % in a wide potential range from −0.75 to −1.25 V. Their structural evolution against water was dynamically monitored by in situ spectra. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the formation of intermediate OCHO* on bismuth sites of Cs3Bi2Br9(111) play a pivotal role toward HCOOH production, which has a lower energy barrier than that on Cs2AgBiBr6(001) surfaces. Significantly, CO2 reacts with protons instead of water which can enhance CO2 reduction rate and suppress hydrogen evolution by avoiding carbonate formation in acidic electrolytes. This work paves the way for the extensive investigation of halide perovskites in aqueous systems.
CO2 Laser‐Induced Graphene with an Appropriate Oxygen Species as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Xu Jing , Wang Yan , Yuan Qixin , Zhao Yuying , Wang Zeming , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen species functionalized graphene (O−G) is an effective electrocatalyst for electrochemically synthesizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by a 2 e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The type of oxygen species and degree of carbon crystallinity in O−G are two key factors for the high catalytic performance of the 2 e− ORR. However, the general preparing method of O−G by the precursor of graphite has the disadvantages of consuming massive strong oxidant and washing water. Herein, the biomass‐based graphene with tunable oxygen species is rapidly fabricated by a CO2 laser. In a flow cell setup, the laser‐induced graphene (LIG) with abundant active oxygen species and graphene structure shows high catalytic performance including high Faraday efficiency (over 78 %) and high mass activity (814 mmolgcatalyst−1 h−1), superior to most of the reported carbon‐based electrocatalysts. Density function theory demonstrates the meta‐C atoms at nearby C−O, O−C=O species are the key catalytic sites. Therefore, we develop one facile method to rapidly convert biomass to graphene electrocatalyst used for H2O2 synthesis.
An efficient sparse stiffness matrix vector multiplication using compressed sparse row storage format on AMD GPU
Authors: Xing Longyue , Wang Zhaoshun , Ding Zhezhao , Chu Genshen , Dong Lingyu , Xiao Nan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe performance of sparse stiffness matrix‐vector multiplication is essential for large‐scale structural mechanics numerical simulation. Compressed sparse row (CSR) is the most common format for storing sparse stiffness matrices. However, the high sparsity of the sparse stiffness matrix makes the number of nonzero elements per row very small. Therefore, the CSR‐scalar algorithm, light algorithm, and HOLA algorithm in the calculation will cause some threads in the GPU to be in idle state, which will not only affect the computing performance but also waste computing resources. In this article, a new algorithm, CSR‐vector row, is proposed for fine‐grained computing optimization based on the AMD GPU architecture on heterogeneous supercomputers. This algorithm can set a vector to calculate a row based on the number of nonzero elements of the stiffness matrix. CSR‐vector row has efficient reduce operations, deep memory access optimization, better memory access, and calculation overlapping kernel function configuration scheme. The access bandwidth of the algorithm on AMD GPU is more than 700 GB/s. Compared with CSR‐scalar algorithm, the parallel efficiency of CSR‐vector row is improved by 7.2 times. And floating‐point computing performance is 41%–95% higher than that of light algorithm and HOLA algorithm. In addition, CSR‐vector row is used to calculate the examples from CFD, electromagnetics, quantum chemistry, power network, and semiconductor process, the memory access bandwidth and double floating‐point performance are also improved compared with rocSPARSE‐CSR‐vector.
Approximate function memoization
Authors: Arundhati Priya , Jena Sisir Kumar , Pani Santosh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

SummaryFunction memoization is an optimization technique that reduces a function call overhead when the same input appears again. A table that stores the previous result is searched and used to skip the repeated computation. This way, it increases the performance of the function call. In this article, we propose a software approach of function memoization to improve computing efficiency by bypassing the execution of the function implemented using approximate computing techniques. Searching overhead is a primary concern in any memoization technique proposed so far. In traditional function memoization, the input arguments are first searched in the look‐up table (LUT) for an exact match, and the corresponding result is extracted for further use. But, in this article, a decision‐making rule is proposed to help us decide whether to search the LUT or go for the actual computation. This decision‐making model is implemented through Bloom filter and Cantor's pairing function. Because Bloom filter sometimes produces false‐positive results, we suggest a simple approximation technique that searches the LUT for an approximate match rather than an exact match. The proposed model also contains a bypass algorithm implemented through C++ code that identifies the trivial computations from the input argument of the candidate function. By this, we can avoid the actual calculation and generate the result directly. Here, trivial computation identifies one or more input arguments that are either 0 or . To analyze the effectiveness of our proposed technique, we conducted several experiments using the benchmarks from the AxBench suite. We found that our result outperforms some of the methods proposed so far in terms of energy consumption and quality of results, particularly in image processing applications.
A hybrid five‐level inverter configuration with improved reliability and reduced number of components
Authors: Saketi Sai Krishna , Chaturvedi Pradyumn , Yadeo Dharmendra , Atkar Dipesh 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe provision of significant redundant states in multilevel inverters (MLIs) aids in fault‐tolerant operation. However, this deals with several components, leading to low reliability. This paper proposes a new fault‐tolerant five‐level MLI with reduced component count, which can withstand both single‐ and multiple‐switch faults. The reduced carrier‐based level shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation (RCLSPWM) strategy is developed to generate control signals for the switches. The employed control scheme automatically balances the voltage across the capacitor. The logic gate expressions for generating gate pulses of the switches under normal and fault‐tolerant operating modes are described in detail. The comparative analysis is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology over other existing similar topologies. The performance of the laboratory prototype developed is found satisfactory as compared to other existing topologies under various operating conditions.