bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subungual Osteochondromas of the Toe: Two Case Reports for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lee Myung Chul , Seo Chan Eol , Kim Wook Youn , Kim Wan Seop , Kim Jeenam , Shin Donghyeok , Choi Hyungon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenign cartilaginous tumors, known as chondrogenic tumors, show cartilage components in the microscopic diagnosis. We present two clinical cases with cartilaginous tumors of the toes showing distinctive clinical manifestations. Two juvenile patients visited our outpatient clinic due to tumors with toenail deformities. A 10-year-old girl presented with a palpable mass with a nail deformity on the left third toe. The initial pathology report was soft tissue chondroma until complete resection. Another 15-year-old male patient visited the dermatology department with a toenail deformity and underwent a punch biopsy. The pathology report was fibrosis with myxoid degeneration. Excisional biopsies were performed for both patients. In the operative field, we observed exophytic tumors connected to the distal phalangeal bones. The final pathology reports were subungual osteochondroma on both patients. The specimen exhibited mature bone trabeculae with a focal cartilaginous cap. Benign cartilaginous tumors have a slow, progressive course and do not show significant symptoms. However, tumors in subungual areas are accompanied by toenail deformities and they can cause pain. Their clinical characteristics lead to a delayed diagnosis. Surgeons can be confused between soft tissue and chondrogenic tumors. When they conduct physical examinations, these categories should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
MicroSUCI: A Microsurgical Background That Incorporates Suction Under Continuous Irrigation
Authors: Papavasiliou Theodora , Chatzimichail Stelios , Khajuria Ankur , Hong Joon-Pio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe microsurgical anastomosis is integral to the success of autologous-free tissue transfer. Successful performance of this procedure relies strongly on operator dexterity, which can be made more challenging when blood and edematous fluids obscure the field of view. Workflow is impeded by intermittent irrigation and suctioning, necessitating presence of an assistant, with risk of arterial thrombosis, from vessels being drawn into suction drains. To negate these current disadvantages and minimize the barrier of entry to microvascular operations, we designed, manufactured, and patented a novel three-dimensional printed microsurgical background device with microfluidic capabilities that allow continuous suction and irrigation as well as provide platforms that enable multiangle retraction to facilitate operator autonomy. This was validated in an ex vivo model, with the device found to be superior to the current standard. We believe that this will have major applicability to the improvement of microsurgeon
An Interrelation between the Width of Attached Gingiva, Vestibular Depth and its Impact on Dental Hygiene Care
Authors: Sreeja Sai S. , Bhandary Rahul , Bhat Amitha Ramesh , Venugopalan Geethu , Ivaturi Meghana Sri Sai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction The portion of the keratinized gingiva that is firmly attached to the bone is a significant determinant influencing oral hygiene and aids in the removal of deposits from the gingival crest, upgrades esthetics, and minimizes erythema in the area of the restituted dentition.
Aim To assess an interrelation among the thickness of attached gingiva, erythema, and dental hygiene. An interrelation of vestibular height, thickness of attached gingiva, and dental hygiene.
Materials and Methods A transverse study has been conducted. A total of 150 individuals were polled for information. The thickness of attached gingiva and vestibular height were assessed in six front dentitions by means of functional method. Clinical metrics comprising Oral hygiene index and modified gingival index has been documented.
Results There was a positive correlation association among attached gingival width and oral health care (p < 0.01). The vestibular depth, in contrast did not demonstrate any correlation (p < 0.01).
Conclusion An adequate amount of attached gingiva is essential to maintain the gingival health and overall oral hygiene, whereas the depth of vestibule did not show any association with oral hygiene maintenance.
MRI of Recurrent Fistula-in-Ano: Is it Different from Treatment-Naïve Fistula-in-Ano and How Does it Correlate with Anal Sphincter Morphology?
Authors: Augustine Antony , Patel Prerak Govindbhai , Augustine Ann , John Reetu , Simon Betty , Eapen Anu , Mittal Rohin , Chandramohan Anuradha 
Published: November 2022

Objectives The main aim of this study was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of recurrent and treatment-naïve fistula-in-ano and to correlate imaging findings with anal sphincter morphology in recurrent fistula-in-ano.Methods This is a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent MRI for suspected fistula-in-ano in 2018. After excluding patients with alternative diagnosis, patients were stratified into recurrent (n = 103) and treatment-naïve (n = 106) fistula-in-ano groups. Two blinded radiologists reread MRI scans in consensus for fistula characteristics and anal sphincter morphology. We compared imaging features of recurrent and treatment-naïve fistula-in-ano, assessed the incidence of anal sphincter scarring among patients with recurrent fistula-in-ano, and studied its association with fistula features.Results Two-hundred nine patients (187 males) with mean age of 40.6 (standard deviation: 12.2) years were included. Trans-sphincteric, inter-sphincteric, extra-sphincteric, and supra-sphincteric fistula-in-ano were seen in 63.6, 33, 2.9, and 0.5%, respectively. There were secondary tracts, supralevator extension, and secondary cause for fistula in 49.3, 12.9, and 14.8%, respectively. There was no difference between the fistula features of recurrent and treatment-naïve fistula-in-ano, except for significantly fewer external openings among recurrent fistula-in-ano (p = 0.005). Among patients with recurrent fistula-in-ano, MRI detected anal sphincter defect/scarring was seen in 53.4% (n = 55) and was significantly associated with posterior fistula-in-ano (p = 0.031), collections and/or supralevator extension (p = 0.010), and secondary tracts (p = 0.015).Conclusion Fistula features of recurrent and treatment-naïve patients were mostly similar. There was high incidence (53.4%) of MRI-identified anal sphincter scarring/defect among recurrent fistula-in-ano, which was significantly associated with posterior fistula, collections, supra or translevator extension, and secondary tracts.Key Points
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pediatric Emergency Room: The Dilemma of Cycle Threshold Value
Authors: Timur Demet , Demirpek Ugur , Demirbaş Başak Ceylan , Türe Esra , Korkmaz Muhammed Furkan , Timur Ahmet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective The havoc caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic could not have been predicted, with children being affected worldwide. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection helped to define the interventions against the spread of the disease. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has been the mainstay of diagnostic testing. Cycle threshold (Ct) is a semiquantitative value that indicates approximately how much viral genetic material was in the sample. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Ct values among children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods Between May 3, 2020 and August 3, 2020, clinical laboratory input and the data of patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were retrospectively studied.
Results There was no statistical significance between Ct values and the patient's status, symptoms other than fever, or other laboratory findings. However, the Ct value of patients who had symptoms at the time of admission to the hospital was significantly lower.
Conclusion In this study, symptomatic patients had lower Ct than asymptomatic patients that reflected higher viral loads. In evidence-based medicine applications, it might be useful to correlate the clinical history with laboratory test results. Even symptomatic patients with high Ct value coinfections, or an alternative acute infection, should be considered.
An Open Cranial Vault Remodeling Procedure for Craniosynostosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abdallah Anas , Gündağ Papaker Meliha , Baloğlu Gökhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCraniosynostosis is a skull malformation occurring due to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. This pathological entity is a relatively commonly observed congenital malformation and is reportedly seen in 1/1,700–1,900 live births. The study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of the open cranial vault remodeling (OCVR) in children with craniosynostosis.Medical records of 76 children with craniosynostosis who were diagnosed at the neurosurgery departments of our centers for 11 years (from January 2010 to December 2020) were retrospectively examined. Among them, 54 consecutive children who underwent OCVR were included in this study. Surgical outcomes were discussed with a related literature review.Fifty-four (32 males and 22 females) consecutive children received OCVR for craniosynostosis with a mean age of 12.6 ± 7.1 months. Eight children were syndromic. Three children were shunt-induced craniosynostosis. Syndromic children were four with Apert, two with Pfeiffer, and two with Crouzon syndrome. Twelve children were brothers/sisters. The misshapen skull was the most commonly recorded symptom in 49 children (90.7%). The most affected sutures were bicoronal craniosynostosis found in 20 children. The complication rate was 9.3% (n = 5). Two of these five children needed reoperation for optimal remodeling. One child died postoperatively in the intensive care unit due to cardiac arrest.These findings demonstrated that the OCVR approach is an efficient surgical method to get good outcomes. Satisfactory results with an acceptable complication rate can be obtained with expert hands. Further studies are warranted to support these findings.
The minimum lux paradox
Authors: Olaisen Hilde Noreld , Bredal Kristin Halldis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Through our work with urban masterplans, studying lit places and spaces in Norway for more than 20 years, and observing procedures of procurement and installations, we see some clear trends. There is a general tendency to light with the scope of augmenting visibility. Meaning that most effort is geared towards making spaces more visible with light, rather than creating good lighting environments. Lighting standards that set minimum lux level requirements should be a subject for thorough debate. They result in a never-ending increase in lighting installations and light levels. As lighting designers, we feel responsibility for the impact our work has on nature and society. Today we know that artificial light at night has both advantages and disadvantages to humans, in addition to negative impact on ecology and use of resources (3-11). Through a series of examples from the authors practice we will show how our studio is approaching sustainable lighting design. Working with lighting strategies, the focus is to give our clients tools to reduce light levels and maintain the best visual presentation. For this purpose, light distribution needs to be thoroughly planned and tested. When installations are completed, strategies to evaluate results, and discover possibilities to reduce more must be implemented.
Design Principles for Natural Lighting
Authors: Thursfield P , vd Ven R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Natural day light has important qualities that we need for our physical comfort, biological health, and psychological wellbeing. Modern lighting addresses our physical need for light and human centric lighting our biological needs, but both lack qualities of natural daylight we need. The Design Principles for Natural Lighting references Biophilic design theory and focuses on our experience of light and its psychological effect through our senses. A model is proposed for composing natural light experiences practically and various examples assessed. NatureConnect is presented as a purposely designed lighting system based on the design principles and its approach discussed.
First-principles study on the preferential sites of Cr in Co7W6
Authors: Zhao Manxiu , Huang Haidong , Tang Taotao , Li Xiaobo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The preferential sites of Cr in the μ-Co7W6 phase and its influence on electronic properties were studied by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The calculation results of the formation energy and defect formation energy show that the stability of the system is enhanced when Cr occupies the Co site, which indicates that Cr tends to occupy the Co site of the system. By calculating the density of states, the Hamilton population of crystal orbital, the electron location function and the Bader charge distribution, the reason why Cr preferentially occupied the Co sites is further explained. This is primarily owing to the hybridization of the d-d orbitals of the Cr atom to its adjacent atoms.
Organ dose calculator for diagnostic nuclear medicine patients based on the ICRP reference voxel phantoms and biokinetic models
Authors: Villoing Daphnée , Kwon Tae-Eun , Pasqual Elisa , Kitahara Cari M , Lee Choonsik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The exponential growth in the use of nuclear medicine procedures represents a general radiation safety concern and stresses the need to monitor exposure levels and radiation-related long term health effects in NM patients. In the current study, following our previous work on NCINM version 1 based on the UF/NCI hybrid phantom series, we calculated a comprehensive library of S values using the ICRP reference pediatric and adult voxel phantoms and established a library of biokinetic data from multiple ICRP Publications, which were then implemented into NCINM version 2. We calculated S values in two steps: calculation of specific absorbed fraction (SAF) using a Monte Carlo radiation transport code combined with the twelve ICRP pediatric and adult voxel phantoms for a number of combinations of source and target region pairs; derivation of S values from the SAFs using the ICRP nuclear decay data. We also adjusted the biokinetic data of 105 radiopharmaceuticals from multiple ICRP publications to match the anatomical description of the ICRP voxel phantoms. Finally, we integrated the ICRP phantom-based S values and adjusted biokinetic data into NCINM version 2. The ratios of cross-fire SAFs from NCINM 2 to NCINM 1 for the adult phantoms varied widely from 0.26 to 5.94 (mean = 1.24, IQR = 0.77–1.55) whereas the ratios for the pediatric phantoms ranged from 0.64 to 1.47 (mean = 1.01, IQR = 0.98–1.03). The ratios of absorbed dose coefficients from NCINM 2 over those from ICRP publications widely varied from 0.43 (colon for 99mTc-ECD) to 2.57 (active marrow for 99mTc-MAG3). NCINM 2.0 should be useful for dosimetrists and medical physicists to more accurately estimate organ doses for various nuclear medicine procedures.
Atmospheric precursors to the Antarctic sea ice record low in February 2022
Authors: Yadav Juhi , Kumar Avinash , Mohan Rahul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntarctic sea ice expansion and recession are asymmetric in nature, with regional and temporal variations. The decade-long overall increase in the Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) until 2015 showed a decrease in recent years since satellite records were available. The present study focused on determining the atmospheric forcing and climate fluctuations responsible for the lowest SIE record in February 2022. Here, the lowest SIE record was assumed to result from the sea ice recession that began in September 2021. The SIE reached a record low of 2.16 × 106km2in February 2022, which was 43% lower than the mean extent of the previous February months since the satellite era. However, the second-lowest SIE was recorded from November 2021 to January 2022. The Weddell Sea, Ross Sea, and Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas (ABS) sectors experienced the maximum sea ice change on a regional scale. The record-low SIE occurred when the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) pressure center was intensified, with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) at its positive phase. Together, these two climate fluctuations played a role in modifying the pressure and wind patterns in Antarctica. The warm northerly winds largely contributed to decreased SIE. Further, the study investigated the Polar Cap Height (PCH), which demonstrates a strengthening of the stratospheric polar vortex and positive polarity of the SAM.
Valorization of lignocellulosic rice husk producing biosilica and biofuels—a review
Authors: Nawaz Shahid , Jamil Farrukh , Akhter Parveen , Hussain Murid , Jang Hoyeon , Park Young-Kwon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an agricultural waste material abundantly produced in large quantities on earth. Rice husk (RH) is a type of lignocellulosic biomass and a huge byproduct of rice milling. Notably, the rice plant collects silica from the soil and stores the collected silica in the form of silicic acid inside the cellulose micro-compartments of the plant. Therefore, RH obtained from rice milling contains a significant quantity of amorphous silica, which can further be used for several other purposes. Furthermore, silica-rich RH can be employed as a raw material for the production of biofuels and biochars instantaneously via thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis and gasification. This article thoroughly explores a prospective method use to produce biosilica and energy from RH at the same time, which is currently under investigation. Moreover, this study also discusses current improvements in the synthesis of RH silica materials and their long-term use, particularly in energy and environmental functional materials. In terms of the environment, RH silica materials can remove heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil amendment, wastewater treatment, and gas purification via adsorption, catalysis, and integrative methods. In essence, there are numerous research and development obstacles to overcome in the production of biosilica and biofuels, respectively, from RH, and this review article highlights all of them.
Microbiomes: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Douglas Angela E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microbiomes: A Very Short Introduction provides a succinct overview of the communities of microorganisms that inhabit animals (including humans) and plants. Microbiomes are generally beneficial to their animal and plant hosts, functioning to promote healthy growth, to protect against infectious disease, and, in some animals, to support complex behavioural traits, such as learning and memory. However, under some circumstances, the microbiome can cause or exacerbate poor health and disease. Microbiomes studies are increasingly being harnessed, especially in biomedicine for improved human health, and in agriculture for crop production. With the increasing evidence that modern lifestyles and excessive use of antimicrobials are degrading microbiomes, microbiome research is providing routes for novel microbial therapies to restore health-promoting microbiomes in humans, other animals, and plants.
Patterns and trends in the cause of death for patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Ran Xianhui , Yang Huansong , Yu Xue Qin , Lu Lingeng , Wang Yixin , Ji John S , Xu Mengyuan , Wei Wenqiang , Li Bin , Zeng Hongmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparities in endometrial cancer have been reported in the United States, but trends and the underlying causes are not well understood. We aimed to examine the trends and contributing factors in racial disparities for causes of death among endometrial cancer patients.MethodIn this population-based cohort study, we identified 139 473 women diagnosed with first, primary endometrial cancer between 1992 to 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We used the “Fine and Gray” method to calculate the cumulative incidence of all-cause and specific-cause death. We used proportional subdistribution hazard (PSH) and cause-specific hazard (CSH) models to quantify the relative risk of Black–White disparities. We performed a mediation analysis to assess the contribution of potential factors to disparities.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of all-cause death decreased in endometrial cancer patients, with estimates at 5 years of 26.72% in 1992-1996 and 22.59% in 2007-2011. Compared with White patients, Black patients persistently had an increased risk of death due to endometrial cancer (PSH hazard ratio [HR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90 to 2.22; CSH HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 2.00 to 2.40) and causes other than endometrial cancer (PSH HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.37; CSH HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.63). Grade, histological subtype, surgery utilization, and stage at diagnosis explained 24.4%, 20.1%, 18.4%, and 16.6% of the Black-White disparity in all-cause death, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough the cumulative incidence of all-cause death decreased, the Black–White gaps persisted in patients with endometrial cancer. Grade and histological subtype had the greatest influence. More efforts are needed to address the disparities.
Key hardware components of a cardiac-enabled CT scanner
Authors: Vandermolen Sebastian , van Straten Marcel , Pugliese Francesca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Awareness of a few basic hardware components of a CT scanner is key for the delivery of cardiac CT in clinical practice. Contemporary CT scanners comprise a rotating gantry onto which are housed the X-ray tube(s) and the detector array(s). Collimators determine the shape of the emitted X-ray beam to maximize image quality and minimize radiation exposure to patients. Detectors receive and transform the signal necessary to reconstruct CT images of multiple sections of the patient’s anatomy. The term ‘multidetector’ or ‘multislice’ CT refers to the ability to image multiple sections of the patient’s anatomy along the z-axis during one gantry rotation. Single-source CT systems contain one X-ray tube and one detector array; ‘dual-source’ CT contains two X-ray sources coupled with two detector arrays mounted at an (approximately) 90-degree angle. Dual-source CT allows halving of the temporal resolution compared to a single-source system with the same gantry rotation time. A motorized scanner table, the ECG synchronization system, and a power injection are further key requirements to deliver cardiac CT in the clinical arena.
How to deal with challenging scenarios
Authors: Budde Ricardo P.J. , Moharem-Elgamal Sarah , Pugliese Francesca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Awareness of potential patient-specific features translating into risk or difficulties in scanning, such as a history of contrast allergy, poor kidney function, a fast or irregular heart rate, elevated body size/weight, and poor intravenous access, is important so that measures can be taken to prevent and/or reduce imaging-related risk and impact on image quality. After image acquisition, adapting reconstruction parameters can mitigate some factors that negatively influence image quality.
How to apply coronary CT angiography in patients with stable chest pain
Authors: Genders Tessa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is an excellent first-line diagnostic test for patients with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Patient factors, local expertise, and availability remain crucial when choosing CCTA versus a conventional stress imaging as the first test. If the pretest probability of CAD is low to intermediate, a negative CCTA reliably excludes the presence of obstructive CAD. When CCTA reveals obstructive CAD, further evaluation of intermediate lesions is necessary to assess their haemodynamic significance. CCTA with fractional flow measurements can provide a comprehensive anatomical and functional assessment of CAD, which allows for the selective referral to invasive coronary angiography for patients who are most likely to benefit from revascularization.