bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Protection of Phosphate Conversion Coatings to Carbon Steel in the Presence of Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Francetic M. , Madrid S. , Viera M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite its relatively limited corrosion resistance, carbon steel is one of the most widely used engineering materials. An effective technique to improve its corrosion resistance, particularly during transport and storage, is phosphating. On the other hand, it is well known that different environmental bacteria can grow and develop on metal surfaces, forming biofilms. Some of those bacteria are capable of solubilizing phosphate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of iron and manganese phosphate conversion coatings applied on SAE 1010 carbon steel in the presence of biofilms for two environmental bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Paenebacillus sp. Both strains are biofilm-forming and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Electrochemical techniques complemented with surface observation by scanning electron microscopy were applied. The electrochemical results showed that, although the presence of a bacterial biofilm in most cases produced a decrease in the corrosion rate, they provoked a shift of the pitting potential to more active values. This shift led to narrower passive zones, compromising the protection provided by the phosphate conversion coating to the 1010 SAE carbon steel by facilitating the onset of localized corrosion. The degree of the compromise of passivity was dependent on the coating and the bacterial strain. P. aeruginosa biofilms were more detrimental for both coatings than the Paenabacillus sp. biofilms. Thus, it is important to point out that to maintain the corrosion protection imparted by phosphate conversion coating to carbon steel, it is necessary to avoid the development of biofilms on the coated surface.
Political and Racial Cronyism: Combating Strategies on the Production Rate
Authors: Selvam Heramban , Rao Sharrven Rao Sivasamba , Janc Suriyana , Rusais Wirlintika , Ramesh Subhashini , Tamyez Puteri Fadzline 
Published: July 2022

Delightful Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd (DBKL) faces a storm of protests after netizens call for their goods to be boycotted. The boycott started by blaming Mr Alauddin of being a crooked crony of certain political leaders, charging that he had followed orders to stop DBKL's purchase of flour on racial grounds alone. This case study aims to discuss political and racial cronyism and the impact on the production rate at Delightful Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd. The main technique that has been used to gather the response and perspective of respondents is semi-structured interview. The analysis showed practice of cronyism does have high effect on production rate. On this basis, it is recommended to introduce an effective strategy to improves the production rate at Delightful Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd.
Political Freedoms and Rights in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland and Hungary in a Comparative Legal Perspective
Authors: Hoffman István , Kostrubiec Jarosław 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The subject of the article are selected political rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Polish and Hungarian constitutions, which are analysed in the context of possible limitations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis covers the right to vote in elections and referendums, the freedom of expression and opinion, and the freedom of assembly. The main aim of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the legal solutions adopted in Poland and Hungary in the context of restrictions or threats to political freedoms and rights. As a result of the research carried out, the authors positively verified the hypothesis that Poland and Hungary, although they chose different methodologies to implement the specific legal order applicable due to the coronavirus pandemic, namely Hungary has introduced one of the constitutional states of exception, i.e. the state of danger, while Poland did not introduce a state of natural disaster, the formula for sanctioning restrictions on political freedoms and rights with secondary legislation was similar in both countries. The authors express the view that continuous efforts should be made to develop legal institutions that would allow for a balance between the need to preserve political rights and freedoms and the need to make quick decisions in relation to the pandemic and citizens’ right to health. A pandemic should never be an excuse for those in power to restrict political freedoms and rights for longer periods of time, so as not to make these freedoms and rights the next victims of the SARS-CoV–2 virus.
Freedom of Assembly in the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Limits of its Restraints in the Context of the Experiences of the Republic of Poland and the United States of America
Authors: Syryt Aleksandra , Przywora Bogusław , Dobrzeniecki Karol 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study is to illustrate the problem of freedom of assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic against the background of the experiences of the Republic of Poland and the United States of America. This freedom is provided for in the constitutions of both states, which implies that public authorities are obliged to implement it also in COVID-19 conditions. Hence, the question arises as to whether, and if so to what extent, public authorities in Poland and the United States (countries belonging to the United Nations and obliged to consider the standards of human rights protection resulting from international law) applied solutions realising freedom of assembly in the conditions of COVID-19. The authors try to determine the extent of the impact of legal measures applied by public authorities in both countries on the realisation of freedom of assembly and the public reaction produced by these measures. The choice of such a context for assessment was justified by differences in the legal culture of the countries being compared, the structure of the state, and the approach of both the public authorities and the society to freedom of assembly.
Political Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Krunková Alena , Dobrovičová Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Political rights are an essential part of modern states’ constitutions as certain means through which power is exercised in the state. The article points to the existence and exercise of political rights in the Slovak Republic at the time of extraordinary circumstances related to the global COVID-19 pandemic. It analyses the options of their restriction within the sense of the Constitutional Law no. 227/2002 Statutes on State Security in Time of War, State of War, Extraordinary Circumstances and State of Emergency, and it also points to the decision-making activities of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic related thereto.
Restrictions on the Right to Vote in the Pandemic during the Election of the President of the Republic of Poland in 2020
Authors: Kielin-Maziarz Joanna , Skotnicki Krzysztof 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2020, presidential elections were due to be conducted in Poland. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided not to introduce a state of natural disaster and, as a consequence, postpone the elections but to execute them on the grounds of episodicact. On the basis of the first episodic law, from 6 April 2020, the elections did not take place because they were completely unprepared. This law had many flaws. The elections were to be purely postal, so voters had no possibility of choosing which method to use to vote. The law’s entry into force on the eve of the election meant that voters were disoriented until the last minute and did not know how they could vote, whether they would receive election packages, where they would have to deliver return envelopes with a ballot paper and were not sure whether their vote would be counted. The second episodic law, of 2 June 2020, did not contain so many flaws, and voters in the country could decide for themselves which method to use. However, voting was very difficult abroad, and in 20 countries was not carried out at all. There were also only three days to submit election objections. However, above all, the lack of impartiality in the public media, especially public television, which supported the candidate promoted by the ruling majority, limited voters’ right to access truth-based information on public matters, candidates and their political programmes. These circumstances prompt us to consider whether the presidential elections in Poland in 2020 met the constitutional requirement of universality, equality and secrecy, and whether they were reliable and fair. Do they therefore serve to legitimize the office of the president of the Republic of Poland?
The Election for the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland on 10 May 2020 during the COVID-19 Pandemic – A Case Study
Authors: Grabowski Radosław , Grabowska Sabina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Citizens’ election rights are among the most important political rights in a democratic state. The SARS-CoV–2 pandemic has brought chaos to countries and thus to their proper functioning. Therefore, the authors of the text, analysing the case of the presidential elections in 2020, put forward the thesis that the provisions regulating the rules of these elections contain significant gaps, which were revealed by the pandemic. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 contains a catalogue of conditions that make it possible to elect a president under an extraordinary procedure. They all relate to a necessity to shorten the president’s term of office. However, no rules consider the likelihood of other obstacles to voting by the deadline, such as a pandemic.
Estudio de las actitudes lingüísticas en bilingües quechua-castellano del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho hacia la lengua quechua
Authors: Ytusaca Quispe Claudia Adela 
Published: July 2022

José Carlos Mariátegui, asentamiento humano del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Perú), es una comunidad donde coexisten e interactúan personas con distintas culturas, entre ellas, pobladores bilingües del castellano y el quechua. Este contexto permite evidenciar la relación entre la lengua y la sociedad, mediante las actitudes lingüísticas que presentan sus habitantes. En este sentido, el presente estudio es un acercamiento a la descripción de las actitudes lingüísticas de un grupo de migrantes andinos bilingües (quechua-castellano) hacia su lengua materna, el quechua, frente al castellano. Desde el enfoque de la teoría mentalista y sus dimensiones: conativo, cognitivo y afectivo, así como también, con la aplicación de un cuestionario y una entrevista de corte sociolingüístico, se analizó la percepción que tienen los adultos bilingües mariateguinos hacia su lengua materna. Los resultados demostraron la valoración positiva hacia el quechua, principalmente desde la dimensión afectiva.
Los deícticos aquí, acá, ahí, allí y allá en "¡Diles que no me maten!" de Juan Rulfo
Authors: Gavilán Sierra Yan Carlos , Rosario López Flor Esther 
Published: July 2022

La estética rulfiana nos presenta en la superficie textual, de manera explícita, la presencia de los demostrativos aquí, acá, ahí, allí y allá conjugados en la narración, ya sea manifiesta por el narrador o a través de la voz de los personajes que adoptan la perspectiva rural. Así, en este artículo, se estudia el sistema deíctico aquí, acá, ahí, allí y allá en el cuento «¡Diles que no me maten!» de Juan Rulfo desde la perspectiva del sistema tradicional de los deícticos y la perspectiva cognoscitiva planteada por Stradioto y Maldonado (2018), con el objetivo de explicitar las dinámicas y variabilidades que adquieren estos sistemas deícticos en el cuento señalado. Para ello, se utiliza el método documental (Galeano, 2004) que permite codificar y sistematizar precisamente, y la lingüística del texto para el análisis de los deícticos presentes en la superficie textual del cuento mencionado. Finalmente, se concluye que los deícticos presentes en el cuento «¡Diles que no me maten!» presentan variabilidad de significación, hecho que corrobora el planteamiento de Stradioto y Maldonado.
Las metáforas ontológicas en las expresiones sexuales de los jóvenes gais limeños sobre las partes sexuales del cuerpo masculino
Authors: Atoccza Ramírez Roger Yerson , Moreno Uriarte Yeltsin Alejandro , Vicente Rojo Frensy Medalith 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar las metáforas ontológicas en las expresiones sexuales de los jóvenes gays limeños sobre las partes sexuales del cuerpo masculino. Este estudio no solo es esencial para futuras investigaciones en el campo de la Semántica, sino también para otros campos como la Sociolingüística, la Lexicografía y la Lexicología. Para la recopilación de la data, se entrevistaron a 10 jóvenes gays limeños de 18 a 25 años. De tal manera, se registraron un total de 100 expresiones sexuales. Con respecto al marco teórico, la investigación tuvo como bases teóricas la metáfora conceptual de los teóricos Lakoff y Johnson (1998), y la clasificación de metáforas ontológicas de la lingüista Buenafuentes (2015). La investigación llegó a las siguientes conclusiones: los jóvenes gays limeños desarrollan metáforas ontológicas que comprenden comparaciones con alimentos, animales, objetos y partes superiores del cuerpo en torno a la cabeza; existe un mayor número de metáforas ontológicas referidas al pene; y las expresiones sexuales de los jóvenes gays limeños se caracterizan por estar cargadas de jergas.
Sejarah dan Strategi Nabi Muhammad.SAW di Mekah
Authors: Muslim Kori Lilie , Hendra Tomi 
Published: July 2022

Writing about the history of the Prophet Muhammad's Da'wah in Mecca aims to analyze how the propaganda strategy carried out by the Prophet Muhammad in spreading Islam in Mecca. The initial stage through the family of the Prophet and his companions or known as the hiding phase. After the Prophet Muhammad cried out in silence, then the revelation of Allah SWT who ordered the Prophet Muhammad to preach openly. In this bright phase the Prophet Muhammad began to face Quraish kafir racial disturbances.
Here we see who the true followers of the Prophet Muhammad and those who just joined in. Weak friends hide their Islam. The Prophet Muhammad secretly preached at the house of Al-Arqam bin Arqam because his house was near the hill of Safa and was a gathering place for many people, so that no one who came to Arqam's house was suspected that there was a meeting there. In addition, Arqam is also a great enemy of the Prophet Muhammad, they have a place of preaching in the heart of the enemy. This is a form of propaganda strategy carried out by the Prophet Muhammad.
In the open phase, the Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims began to get harsh treatment, torture and murder. But in the end the Prophet Muhammad was visited by Yathrib, they came to acknowledge that the Prophet Muhammad was the messenger of God even they asked the Prophet Muhammad to be their leader in Yatsrib.
Coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients after coronary stenting, depending on a cardiology follow-up strategy
Authors: Shchinova A. M. , Osokina A. K. , Potekhina A. V. , Shestova I. I. , Filatova A. Yu. , Dolgusheva Yu. A. , Efremova Yu. E. , Provatorov S. I. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To compare the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients after coronary stenting (CS) receiving outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up during a one-year study.Material and methods. We enrolled 279 patients aged 61,5±9,5 years with class ≥II stable angina or silent ischemia after CS. Three groups were formed: group 1 (n=96) — outpatient visits before CS, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 2 (n=95) — remote monitoring: patients were followed up by a primary care physician with the involvement of a cardiologist via remote communication (e-mail, telephone, Skype) 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 3 (n=88) were followed up by a primary care physician and contacted with the study coordinator before and 12 months after CS. After 12 months, all patients underwent stress-induced myocardial ischemia testing. In case of a positive or uncertain test result, coronary angiography (CA) was performed.Results. Stress-induced myocardial ischemia 12 months after CS was verified in 58 patients (21%): 19 patients (19,8%) — group 1; 9 patients (9,5%) — group 2; 30 patients (34,1%) — group 3 (p<0,05). Repeat CA was performed in 96 patients (34,4% of the total number of patients). Restenosis was detected in 8 (2,9%) patients, coronary atherosclerosis progression — in 38 (13,6%), combination of restenosis and atherosclerosis progression — in 4 (1,4%) patients. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was significantly more frequent in group 3: 10,4%, 9,5% and 21,6% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p<0,05). The incidence of stent restenosis was comparable: 2,1%, 3,2% and 3,5% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was the main reason for repeated revascularizations 12 months after the CS. Outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up is associated with a lower incidence of coronary atherosclerosis progression and repeated CA during 12-month follow-up after CS.
Early markers of pathological left ventricular remodeling in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction according to speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Oleinikov V. E. , Golubeva A. V. , Galimskaya V. A. , Babina A. V. , Donetskaya N. A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To assess early predictors of pathological remodeling in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).Material and methods. The study included 114 STEMI patients aged 52 (44; 58) years. A two-dimensional echocardiography was performed with the analysis of standard parameters and STE with an analysis of strain and rotational characteristics of the myocardium. In addition, brain natriuretic peptide and troponin-I concentration was determined. The development of pathological post-infarction remodeling within 12-month follow-up was assessed as an end point. Depending on the outcome, 2 groups were formed: group 1 — patients with pathological remodeling (PR), n=45 (39,5%), group 2 — patients without PR, n=69 (60,5%).Results. Early remodeling was detected in 24 (53,3%) people, mid-term — in 15 (33,4%), and late remodeling — in 6 (13,3%). In the PR group, heart failure (HF) was detected in 100% of patients, while in non-PR group, 23 (33,3%) patients had no signs of HF.In the early period of myocardial infarction, each of following indicators with high sensitivity and specificity predicts postinfarction pathological dilatation: global longitudinal strain (GLS) <11,7%, global circular strain (GCS) <12,4%, and a Twist decrease to 7,8o. A multivariate logistic regression model was created for the formation of pathological remodeling in patients with STEMI, which included GLS, global radial deformation (GRS), end-systolic volume index (ESVI), determined on days 7-9 of STEMI.Conclusion. GLS, GCS, and left ventricular Twist are independent highly sensitive and specific predictors of pathological remodeling. The following early predictors of postinfarction pathological dilatation have been established: reduced GLS in combination with higher GRS and left ventricular ESVI.
Role of ergoreflex activity in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The effectiveness of physical rehabilitation
Authors: Lelyavina T. A. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Galenko V. L. , Bortsova M. A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To assess the change in ergoreflex activity in heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function in the study of the effectiveness of physical training (PT) with original regimen, compared with PT with conventionally estimated regimen.Material and methods. Single-center open-label study of 297 patients with class III HF. The patients were divided into two groups: main group (MG) — patients, in whom the PT intensity was estimated based on lactate threshold (LT); comparison group (CG), in whom the PT intensity was estimated based on 60% VO2peak. We analyzed ergoreflex activity, the relationship of ergoreflex with exercise tolerance (ET), routine systemic inflammation markers, clinical manifestations of HF, and ET based on VO2peak.Results. An increase in gait velocity at the LT level after 3 months of PT was registered in 94% (n=210) of the MG patients. After 3 months, the PT regimen was recalculated according to 60% VO2реак; an increase in gait velocity at this level after 3 months of PT was registered in 70% of CG patients (n=35). The severity of HF decreased in both groups, but the dynamics was more pronounced in the MG, where class II was achieved by 75% of patients (in CG — 44%, p=0,003). In the MG, to a greater extent than in the CG, the ET increased. Ergoreflex activity (according to ΔVE) decreased by ≥15% in 230 (97%) MG patients and in 31 (63%) patients with CG. After the completion of the PT period, when in some patients the HF severity decreased to class II, we revealed a direct association of the ergoreflex value (according to ΔVE) with a greater severity of HF (r=-0,57, p=0,01) and the relationship between the decrease in ergoreflex activity (according to ΔVE), an increase in VO2LT (r=-0,55, p=0,001), VO2peak (r=0,49, p=0,001), a decrease in monocyte count (r=0,63, p=0,01).Conclusion. In stable patients with class III HF receiving the proper disease-modifying therapy, ergoreflex activity is increased and is associated with functional class, ET, and systemic inflammation activity. In the course of physical rehabilitation, a decrease in ergoreflex activity is accompanied by a decrease in functional class, an increase in EF, which is more pronounced with personalized aerobic exercise using LT regimen assessment.
Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and lipid parameters in predicting obstructive coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Tsivanyuk M. M. , Geltser B. I. , Shakhgeldyan K. I. , Emtseva E. D. , Zavalin G. S. , Shekunova O. I. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To assess the predictive potential of electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, and lipid parameters for predicting obstructive coronary artery disease (oCAD) in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) prior to invasive coronary angiography (CA).Material and methods. This prospective observational cohort study included 525 patients with NSTE-ACS with a median age of 62 years who underwent invasive coronary angiography. Two groups were distinguished, the first of which consisted of 351 (67%) patients with oCAD (stenosis 50%), and the second — 174 (33%) without oCAD (<50%). Clinical and functional status of patients before CAG was assessed by 40 indicators. Mann-Whitney, Fisher, chi-squared, univariate logistic regression (LR) methods were used for data processing and analysis, while miltivariate LR (MLR), gradient boosting (XGBoost) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to develop predictive models. The quality of the models was assessed using 4 following metrics: area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Ac).Results. A comprehensive analysis of ECG, echocardiography and lipid profile parameters made it possible to identify factors that had linear and non-linear association with oCAD. LR were used to determine their weight coefficients and threshold values with the highest predictive potential. The quality metrics of the best predictive algorithm based on MLR were 0,81 for AUC, 0,74 for Sp and Ac, and 0,75 for Se. The predictors of this model were 4 categorical parameters (left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 42-60%, global LV longitudinal systolic strain <19%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >3,5 mmol/l, age >55 years in men and >65 years for women).Conclusion. The prognostic model developed on the basis of MLR made it possible to verify oCAD with high accuracy in patients with NSTE-ACS before invasive CA. Models based on XGBoost and ANN had less predictive value.