bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on fatigue life of all-terrain vehicle control arm based on measured load spectrum
Authors: Zou Xihong , Zhou Yuting , Zhou Yuhang , Xiao Yukai , Yuan Dongmei , Xiang Gang 
Published: August 2022

Background: All-terrain vehicles are mostly used in poor driving environments. A key part of the suspension mechanism of all-terrain vehicles, the lower control arm, bears various loads when the vehicle is driving. This component is prone to be fatigue and failure, which affects the performance of the entire vehicle. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of all-terrain vehicles, the fatigue life of the lower control arm was studied based on the measured force load spectrum. Methods: Firstly, the finite element model of the lower control arm is established, the free modal simulation analysis is carried out, and the experimental research is carried out by building a modal test system. Then combining the calculated modal and experimental modal results, the finite element model is verified. Next, through the road load spectrum acquisition test in the automobile proving ground, the force time history of the lower control arm is obtained, and the signal is processed and analyzed to verify the reliability of the force load signal. On this basis, the boundary constraints of the lower control arm are established based on the actual working conditions of the all-terrain vehicle, and the dynamics simulation analysis is carried out with the measured force as input. Finally, according to stress-strain signal in dynamic analysis results, combining the modified local stress-strain method and the Landgrave damage criterion, the fatigue life of the lower control arm is calculated. Results: The minimum fatigue cycle life of the lower control arm on the test roads is 3.56×105 km, and its fatigue life meets the design and use requirements. Conclusions: The result shows that based on the actual driving load spectrum, the actual driving fatigue life can be calculated and forecasted more accurately.
Developing an African medical and health professions student regional elective exchange program: approaches and lessons learned
Authors: Nawagi Faith , Iacone Anna , Seeling Justin , Mukherjee Snigdha 
Published: August 2022

Background:Given the significant gap in International Medical Elective (IME) opportunities for African health professions students, the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates and the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (ECFMG|FAIMER) launched an African regional elective exchange program through the Global Educational Exchange in Medicine and the Health Professions (GEMx) in 2016. This paper provides an overview of the development of the GEMx program, the pillars of successful implementation, and lessons learned.Methods:The authors conducted a longitudinal qualitative study utilizing in-depth interviews with institutional leaders, Program leaders, and faculty, participant observation through symposia, strategic planning meetings, staff meetings, and document review of the annual progress reports, strategic plans, and newsletter articles, abstracts and concept notes. Common categories were identified and incorporated into a matrix to create themes. Data were analyzed using the manifest content approach guided by a literature review.Results:The key pillars for the successful implementation of the GEMx Africa regional elective exchange program included: the commitment from African training institutional networks and their member institutions that enabled electives to happen, the GEMx Charter (multilateral agreement) that enabled reciprocity and diversity of elective opportunities, GEMx web-based application system that enabled the centralization of the application process and real-time feedback on acceptance, GEMx Africa Regional Coordination Center in Kampala, Uganda that lead the development and implementation in Africa, and ECFMG mini-grants that help defray the biggest part of the elective costs.Conclusions:Through the development of successful partnerships across the continent, the GEMx regional elective exchange program contributed towards bridging a long-existing gap of inadequate opportunities for African health professions students to enhance their global exposure and strengthen their knowledge and skills.
Unintentional overdose of paracetamol as a problem of modern times - a case report
Authors: Pożarowska Kinga , Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Rudziński Gracjan , Orczykowski Maciej , Rosińska Agata , Tchórz Michał 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION
Paracetamol is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in the world. An overdose of this drug can occur after a single ingestion of a large amount of paracetamol or after repeated ingestion of smaller amounts that eventually exceed the recommended total dose and can result in liver damage. It is believed that the maximum daily dose of paracetamol for an adult is 4g.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Patient information was collected from hospital records available in the clinical toxicology department. In addition, we conducted a literature review on paracetamol using PubMed.
CASE REPORT
A patient, 16 years old, was admitted from a district hospital to the Clinical Toxicology and Cardiology Department in Lublin for paracetamol intoxication and suspected intoxication with a psychoactive substance. The patient's history revealed that he had taken a total of 20 paracetamol 500mg (10g) tablets in short intervals of 2 h for abdominal pain. The patient was treated with a full dose of antidote (ACC), and the drug infusion was continued at a maintenance dose. Despite the treatment administered, increasing features of liver damage were observed (INR 2.78, AST 6273 U/l, ALT 8854 U/l, bilirubin 3.83 mg/dl).The patient was consulted to qualify for a possible liver transplant. With intensive treatment maintained, a downward trend in liver damage parameters was achieved. The patient was discharged from the Department in good general condition, without complaints.
CONCLUSION
Due to the increasing number of paracetamol overdoses (intentional or accidental), strategies should be implemented to raise awareness and prevent this-educating patients, encouraging label/leaflet reading, reducing the amount of paracetamol in packages, more visible warnings on packages.
Exactness Conditions for Semidefinite Programming Relaxations of Generalization of the Extended Trust Region Subproblem
Authors: Jiang Rujun , Li Duan 
Published: August 2022

The extended trust region subproblem (ETRS) of minimizing a quadratic objective over the unit ball with additional linear constraints has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years because of its theoretical significance and wide spectra of applications. Several sufficient conditions to guarantee the exactness of its semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation have been recently developed in the literature. In this paper, we consider a generalization of the extended trust region subproblem (GETRS), in which the unit ball constraint in the ETRS is replaced by a general, possibly nonconvex, quadratic constraint, and the linear constraints are replaced by a conic linear constraint. We derive sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the exactness of the SDP relaxation of the GETRS under mild assumptions. Our main tools are two classes of convex relaxations for the GETRS based on either a simultaneous diagonalization transformation of the quadratic forms or linear combinations of the quadratic forms. We also compare our results to the existing sufficient conditions in the literature. Finally, we extend our results to derive a new sufficient condition for the exactness of the SDP relaxation of general diagonal quadratically constrained quadratic programs, where each quadratic function is associated with a diagonal matrix. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 11801087, 12171100, 72161160340]; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grants 14213716 and 14202017]; and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [Grant 22ZR1405100].
Association between serum chloride levels with mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: An observational multicenter study employing the eICU database
Authors: Zhu Xu , Xue Jing , Liu Zheng , Dai Wenjie , Xiang Jingsha , Xu Hui , Zhou Qiaoling , Zhou Quan , Chen Wenhang 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The effect of the serum chloride (Cl) level on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. We sought an association between mortality and serum Cl.

Methods
We identified AKI patients in the eICU Collaborative Research Database from 2014 to 2015 at 208 US hospitals. The outcomes included in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Time-varying covariates Cox regression models and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were used to assess the association between serum Cl levels and mortality. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the potential nonlinear relationship between mortality and serum Cl.

Results
In total, 4,234 AKI patients were included in the study. Compared with normochloremia (98≤chloride<108mEq/L), hypochloremia (Cl<98mEq/L) was associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for in-hospital mortality 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.80, P = 0.0003; adjusted HR for ICU mortality 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.80, P = 0.0187). Hyperchloremia showed no significant difference in mortality compared to normochloremia (adjusted HR for in-hospital mortality 0.89, 95% CI 0.76–1.04, P = 0.1438; adjusted HR for ICU mortality 0.87, 95% CI 0.72–1.06, P = 0.1712). Smoothing curves revealed continuous non-linear associations between serum Cl levels and mortality. The K-M curve showed that patients with hypochloremia presented with a lower survival rate.

Conclusions
Lower serum Cl levels after ICU admission was associated with increased in-hospital and ICU mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. The results should be verified in well-designed prospective studies.
A qualitative investigation of organizational challenges and facilitators to screening individuals experiencing homelessness for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Houston, Texas
Authors: Celeste-Villalvir Alane , Wilkerson J. Michael , Markham Christine , Rodriguez Lourdes , Schick Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

Background
Individuals experiencing homelessness may be at a disproportionately high risk for hepatitis C (HCV) because they may be more likely to engage in HCV risk behaviors. Community organizations that provide services to these vulnerable individuals can effectively screen, diagnose, and navigate them into HCV care. However, screening people experiencing homelessness for HCV at such organizations is limited by various challenges that remain understudied, including budgetary considerations and strategies to improve teamwork and communication. Accordingly, this study investigated the organizational challenges and facilitators to HCV screening of individuals experiencing homelessness as reported by homeless services providers.

Methods
Staff (N = 21) at two community organizations in Houston, Texas, completed an interviewer-administered survey and a semi-structured interview in August 2020 to assess the challenges and facilitators to screening people experiencing homelessness for HCV. Interviews were coded, and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify challenges as well as facilitators to HCV screening among individuals experiencing homelessness.

Results
Almost half of participants were employed in social services (42.86%; n = 9), while the remainder were employed in management/administration and health services. Barriers to HCV screening included funding, logistics, and resource-related challenges; and limited communication and collaboration around HCV screening. Facilitators to HCV screening included providing HCV education and training for all staff; and incentivizing, formalizing, and funding HCV screening.

Conclusions
Community organizations can help minimize barriers to HCV screening among individuals experiencing homelessness by providing staff with training specific to HCV, client education around HCV and the screening process, and providing clients with incentives for participation, as well as by maximizing community and clinic partnerships to provide linkage to care and services to this high-risk population.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes
Authors: Terhaar Hannah M. , Henriksen Michala de Linde , Uhl Lisa K. , Boeckling Corey , Mehaffy Carolina , Hess Ann , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension (POH) following phacoemulsification, in AH from dogs with primary glaucoma, and in normal healthy eyes with no signs of anterior uveitis or other ocular diseases.MethodsAn exploratory study including 21 samples of AH collected from 15 dogs; post-phacoemulsification with anterior uveitis and POH (‘POH group’, n = 10 samples), primary glaucoma (‘glaucoma group’, n = 6 samples), and normal (‘normal group’, n = 5 samples). Target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-MS) with the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as internal standard was used to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.ResultsThe MRM-MS method measured 15 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in AH were different between all three groups (glaucoma>POH>normal) (p =.05,p =.02, respectively). Additionally, IL-6 was higher in the ‘POH group’ compared to the ‘glaucoma group’ (p =.04) and IL-4 was higher in the ‘POH group’ compared to the ‘normal group’ (p =.04). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was positively associated with increased AH levels of IL-18 (Spearman correlation = .64,p= .03).ConclusionsMRM-MS using the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as an internal standard was established as a method to detect pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in canine AH. The study demonstrated increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and TNFα in AH from canines with POH following phacoemulsification. Primary glaucomatous eyes had the highest levels of IL-18 and TNFα which may indicate that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary glaucoma in dogs.
Blood-biomarkers and devices for atrial fibrillation screening: Lessons learned from the AFRICAT (Atrial Fibrillation Research In CATalonia) study
Authors: Palà Elena , Bustamante Alejandro , Clúa-Espuny Josep Lluis , Acosta Juan , González-Loyola Felipe , Santos Sara Dos , Ribas-Segui Domingo , Ballesta-Ors Juan , Penalba Anna , Giralt Marina , Lechuga-Duran Iñigo , Gentille-Lorente Delicia , Pedrote Alonso , Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Montaner Joan 
Published: August 2022

Background and objective
AFRICAT is a prospective cohort study intending to develop an atrial fibrillation (AF) screening program through the combination of blood markers, rhythm detection devices, and long-term monitoring in our community. In particular, we aimed to validate the use of NT-proBNP, and identify new blood biomarkers associated with AF. Also, we aimed to compare AF detection using various wearables and long-term Holter monitoring.

Methods
359 subjects aged 65–75 years with hypertension and diabetes were included in two phases: Phase I (n = 100) and Phase II (n = 259). AF diagnosis was performed by baseline 12-lead ECG, 4 weeks of Holter monitoring (NuuboTM), and/or medical history. An aptamer array including 1310 proteins was measured in the blood of 26 patients. Candidates were selected according to p-value, logFC and biological function to be tested in verification and validation phases. Several screening devices were tested and compared: AliveCor, Watch BP, MyDiagnostick and Fibricheck.

Results
AF was present in 34 subjects (9.47%). The aptamer array revealed 41 proteins with differential expression in AF individuals. TIMP-2 and ST-2 were the most promising candidates in the verification analysis, but none of them was further validated. NT-proBNP (log-transformed) (OR = 1.934; p<0.001) was the only independent biomarker to detect AF in the whole cohort. Compared to an ECG, WatchBP had the highest sensitivity (84.6%) and AUC (0.895 [0.780–1]), while MyDiagnostick showed the highest specificity (97.10%).

Conclusion
The inclusion and monitoring of a cohort of primary care patients for AF detection, together with the testing of biomarkers and screening devices provided useful lessons about AF screening in our community. An AF screening strategy using rhythm detection devices and short monitoring periods among high-risk patients with high NT-proBNP levels could be feasible.
Beyond the method change in clinical practice: evaluation of insulin-like growth factor I assay
Authors: Sienes Bailo Paula , Fabre Estremera Marta , Cuenca Alcocel José , César Márquez María Ángeles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the preferred biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring growth-related disorders but its serum quantification presents several difficulties since different IGF-I assays still leads to different IGF-I concentrations, especially when results are either above or below the normal range.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study between November and December 2020 at a tertiary University Hospital with 212 serum samples to determine the analytical performance of the IGF-I assay on the Cobas e411 (Roche Diagnostics) and compare it with that of the Immulite 2000XPi (Siemens).

Results
In this work, we report for the first time the existence of discrepancies between IGF-I levels measured by Immulite 2000XPi and Cobas e411. Deming regression model provided a slope of 1.570 (95% CI: 1.395–1.745) and an intercept of −58.591 (95% CI: −89.151 to −28.030), with R2=0.967 and average bias of +53.061 with overestimation of IGF-I. It was found that Cobas e411 provides abnormally high IGF-I concentrations, but further studies are required to elucidate the cause of the discrepancies.

Conclusions
Our data can alert clinicians and laboratory professionals of this situation and avoid misinterpretation of increased IGF-I levels as a therapeutic failure rather than as a problem associated with this method change.
On the generalized growth and approximation of entire solutions of certain elliptic partial differential equation
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Alghamdi Azza M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For an entire function solution of generalized bi-axisymmetric potential equation, we obtain a relationship between the generalized growth characteristics and polynomial approximation errors in sup norm by using the general functions introduced by Seremeta [On the connection between the growth of the maximum modulus of an entire function and the moduli of the coefficients of its power series expansion, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 88 (1970), no. 2, 291–301].
Behavior of group piles under combined loadings after improvement of liquefiable soil with nanomaterials
Authors: Huissen Rusal S. , Albusoda Bushra. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Earthquake-induced liquefaction is prone in a region with loosely saturated sand and higher seismic activity. In recent years, improvement techniques have been used as a pre-construction or retrofitting method for the current construction. Several methods are intended as remedial techniques, which include either densifying the deposit soil, inserting a unique material, or controlling dissipated pore water pressure generated during the seismic motion. The permeation grouting technique is primarily used in remedial liquefaction schemes that aim to improve the soil deposit mainly by cementing the soil particles and filling the void spaces, thereby preventing soil disturbance caused by settlements or distress to an existing foundation or structure. Permeation grouting involves the injection of a low viscosity chemical or particulate grout into the soil pores with little to no change in the soil structure and has been shown to be effective at reducing liquefaction risk beneath existing structures in soils where it is applicable. The mitigation of liquefaction risk by incorporating nanomaterials using the permeation grouting technique, to study the performance of a pile group embedded in the liquefiable treated layer with 1/50 nano-clay and 1/30 nano-SiO2 after 48 h of curing time during the Kobe earthquake, has been adopted. The soil profile treated using nanomaterials showed that the soil stiffness and strength were preserved during shaking because it did not liquefy; simultaneously, the maximum pile bending moments and lateral pile displacements in the treated soil layer were reduced by 30%. Finally, after treatment, the nanomaterials have a significant effect on the reduction of the maximum accelerations in two depths of soil.
II. Calefurnia – eine römische Frau im Sachsenspiegel?
Authors: Holfeld Raphael , Horn Julia-Katharina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Calefurnia – a Roman woman in the Sachsenspiegel? Written, oral, and iconographic traditions. The reference to Calefurnia in Sachsenspiegel Landrecht II 63 § 1 has sparked several theories about how Eike came to know the story of the Roman woman Carfania mentioned in D. 3,1,1,5. Did he have access to the Digest? Did he undergo higher education in a monastery? Was he educated in Roman canon law? This article argues that he might have been inspired by a broadly used exemplum of Carfania as a litigious and talkative woman. By pointing out differences between the Digest and an ordo iudiciarius ‘Tractaturi de iudiciis’, it strongly opposes Landau’s thesis about the source of Eike’s knowledge by pointing out resemblances to Val. Max. VIII,3. A Schwabenspiegel manuscript of 1287 adds the interesting detail of Kæfurna showing her bare backside to the emperor. This storyline can also be traced through medieval and early modern literature. Puzzlingly enough, a Dutch Sachsenspiegel manuscript from the 15th century tells yet another version of the story referring to calefurnan ‘breaking wind’. The Sachsenspiegel picture books show Calefurnia with an unidentifiable object in varying shapes that has been interpreted as a depiction of misbehaviour considering the different additions to the story. Overall, the alterations of the anecdote offer a glimpse into the rich tradition surrounding the story of Calefurnia respectively Carfania.
V. Dornröschens Erwachen im Recht der Willensmängel – ein misslungenes Scheingeschäft vor dem Reichsgericht
Authors: Thiessen Jan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The Awakening of Sleeping Beauty in an Absence of Intent – a Failed Simulated Transaction in the German Imperial Supreme Court. When the Friedrich Krupp Corporation promised to supply gas to the City of Bochum in 1910, the parties of this long-term contract could not anticipate the scarcity of raw materials during the upcoming First World War. In the aftermath of the war, Krupp was not able to provide for the quality that had initially been stipulated. Nevertheless, the parties prolongated the contract. When the City of Bochum insisted in proper fulfilment, Krupp argued that the prolongation of the contract according to the original conditions had been a simulated transaction the City of Bochum could not insist on. In 1941, the German Imperial Supreme Court denied the applicability of the provisions of the German Civil Code concerning an absence of intent, holding that each and every simulated transaction to be certified within an official document must be considered fraudulent. This article reviews the court’s decision in the light of its ideological background.