bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the raw materials of biochars for the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Hao , Ma Nan , Zhou Beihai , Chen Huilun , Yuan Rongfang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the material types were preferentially selected for different kinds of heavy metals, the effect of calcination temperatures on metal adsorption was investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was explored and summarized. The results show that the pseudo-first-order kinetic was better to fit the adsorption of heavy metals. The biomass type and pyrolysis temperature had an effect on the rate at which heavy metals were absorbed. Based on their adsorbed capacity, 350 °C pyrolyzed corn stalk char, 550 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, 450 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, 450 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, and 500 °C pyrolyzed wheat stalk char were shown to be the best adsorbents for , Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The largest adsorption rate were in the order of Cr6+ (, 0.5380 /min) &gt; Pb2+ (0.2276 /min) &gt; Cd2+ (0.1354 /min) &gt; Cu2+ (0.1273 /min) &gt; Zn2+ (0.1000 /min), which might be positively related to the ion radius. Meanwhile, the yield of biomass decreased from 43.9% to 29.0% with the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 350 °C to 550 °C. In addition, the specific surface area and functional groups of the biochar, as well as the ionic radius and initial concentration of heavy metals affect the adsorption rate.
The regime of constructed wetlands in greywater treatment
Authors: Uthirakrishnan Ushani , Manthapuri Vineeth , Harafan Afrah , Chellam Padmanaban Velayudhaperumal , Karuppiah Tamilarasan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is an excellent need for supply-side threats due to the enhanced degradation and reclamation of existing water bodies in the present scenario. This led to the global water crisis. One of the easiest ways to fulfil the growing need for freshwater is the recycling of wastewater. Greywater is a form of wastewater from households, industries, etc., with some less toxic materials. The recycling of this greywater has provoked the development of new and sustainable technologies to meet the growing water demand. Engineered constructed wetlands are considered one of the most economically practical processes to treat greywater due to its minimal footprint. In this case study, we summarize several categories of constructed wetlands, operating conditions, and the effects of biological, physical, and chemical aspects of greywater on their treatment performance. On the other hand, the effluent quality from diverse wetlands is also summarized. Furthermore, it would be better to consider that constructed wetlands’ integrated performance with disinfection may improve the effluent quality to desirable standards.
Investigations on the Biological Activity of Allium sativum Agglutinin
(ASA) Isolated from Garlic
Authors: Sharma Shally , Singh Desh Deepak 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Garlic (Allium sativum) from the family Amaryllidaceae is widely used in
culinary and is reported to have potential anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and
cardioprotective activities. Allium sativum agglutinin (ASA) is a bulb-type lectin (BTL) domaincontaining
lectin isolated from garlic and has been studied for its various biological functions.
Previous studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of ASA on histiocytic lymphoma (U937),
promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), and oral cancer (KB).

Methods:
In this study, we have purified and characterized ASA and evaluated it for its anticancer
effects on other cancer cell lines. MTT assay and FACS analysis was done to corroborate the
anticancer findings against cervical (HeLa) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.

Results:
IC50 value of 37 μg/ml in HeLa and a weak activity (26.4 ± 1.9% cellular inhibition at
100μg/ml treatment) in A549 were found in the MTT assay. FACS analysis further corroborated
these findings and showed the apoptotic effects of ASA in these cell lines.

Conclusion:
Anticancer activity for members of bulb-type lectin (BTL) domain-containing lectins
has been widely reported, and we hope that our study forms a basis for the development of ASA as
a therapeutic agent.
A Potential Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain
Authors: Xie Wei-Song , Shehzadi Kiran , Ma Hong-Le , Liang Jian-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multistage mechanism that continues
throughout the lifespan of human and non-human mammals. These adult-born neurons in
the central nervous system (CNS) play a significant role in various hippocampus-dependent
processes, including learning, mood regulation, pattern recognition, etc. Reduction
of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, caused by multiple factors such as neurological disorders
and aging, would impair neuronal proliferation and differentiation and result in memory
loss. Accumulating studies have indicated that functional neuron impairment could
be restored by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this review, we summarized
the small molecules that could efficiently promote the process of adult neurogenesis,
particularly the agents that have the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB),
and showed in vivo efficacy in mammalian brains. This may pave the way for the rational
design of drugs to treat human neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
An Updated Review on Properties, Nanodelivery Systems, and Analytical Methods
for the Determination of 5-Fluorouracil in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Authors: dos Santos Aline Martins , Junior Alberto Gomes Tavares , Carvalho Suzana Gonçalves , Chorilli Marlus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite drug used for over 70 years as first-line chemotherapy to
treat various types of cancer, such as head, neck, breast, and colorectal cancer. 5-FU acts mainly by inhibiting
thymidylate synthase, thereby interfering with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication or by 5-FU incorporating
into DNA, causing damage to the sequence of nucleotides. Being analogous to uracil, 5-FU enters cells using
the same transport mechanism, where a is converted into active metabolites such as fluorouridine triphosphate
(FUTP), fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), and fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP).
Currently, there are several nano delivery systems being developed and evaluated at the preclinical level to
overcome existing limitations to 5-FU chemotherapy, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric
micelles, nanoemulsions, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, it is essential
to choose and develop suitable analytical methods for the quantification of 5-FU and its metabolites (5-
fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine) in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Among the analytical
techniques, chromatographic methods are commonly the most used for the quantification of 5-FU from different
matrices. However, other analytical methods have also been developed for the determination of 5-FU, such
as electrochemical methods, a sensitive, selective, and precise technique, in addition to having a reduced cost.
Here, we first review the physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, and advances in 5-FU nanodelivery
systems. Next, we summarize the current progress of other chromatographic methods described to determine 5-
FU. Lastly, we discuss the advantages of electrochemical methods for the identification and quantification of 5-
FU and its metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Recent Advances in [5+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Harry Nissy Ann , Mohanan Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The existence of a seven-membered cyclic core in several natural products and
biomolecules vitalized the research on its synthesis. [5+2] cycloaddition has become a promising
strategy for the construction of seven-membered ring systems by the formation of carboncarbon
bonds in a single step, with strong regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This review
mainly focuses on recent developments in the area of [5+2] cycloaddition since 2019. Total
synthesis of natural products involving [5+2] cycloaddition as a key step leading to the heptacyclic
core has also been discussed. Synthesis of fused and bridged ring systems via the reactions
involving inter and intramolecular [5+2] cycloadditions like oxidopyrylium-mediated
[5+2] cycloadditions, [5+2] cycloadditions of vinyl cyclopropanes (VCPs), vinyl phenols, etc.
is explained in the review with the latest examples. This review provides a useful guide for
researchers exploring this powerful strategy to create more elegant heptacycles in their future research.
A Case Report of Burkholderia mallei Infection Leading to Pneumonia
Authors: Peng Min , Cheng Junfen , Liu Wang , Yao Weimin , He Guanfeng , Zeng Yu , He Qizhong , Liu Tuxuan , Li Nanhong , Lin Hui , Zeng Muhong , Li Yonglong 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Glanders is a rare zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. Humans
can be infected by B. mallei, which causes cutaneous lymphadenitis and pneumonia, leading
to sepsis and death in severe cases.

Case presentation:
We report a case of a 60-year-old male who was diagnosed with glanders. The
patient who had a history of diabetes presented with cough, expectoration, and fever. Computed
tomography (CT) imaging showed B. mallei infection in the right upper lobe of the lung with mediastinal
lymph node involvement and the lingual segment of the left lung. Moreover, the posterior
basal segment of the lower lobe of both lungs had inflammation. Subsequently, B. mallei infection
was confirmed by lymph node biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage multiplex PCR-based targeted
gene sequencing. After meropenem treatment, the patient was discharged, and CT imaging showed
reduced absorption of pulmonary inflammatory lesions.

Conclusions:
Glanders is a rare disease that can cause skin infection, lymphadenitis, and pneumonia,
and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. The diagnosis of this disease mainly relies on
microbiological culture and pathological biopsy. Diagnosis is also facilitated by multiplex PCRbased
targeted gene sequencing. Glanders is treated with cephalosporins, carbapenems, and other
sensitive antibiotics.
Screening of Key Part in IFN Pathway for Herpes Zoster: Evidence from
Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wu Jie , Li Zimeng , Huang Shijie , Pan Zhengqi , Huang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Herpes zoster is one of the most common diseases in middle and old ages,
and the incidence rate is constantly increasing. Long-term, severe neuropathological pain continues
to afflict the patients, causing trouble and even the inability to live a normal life. Since the occurrence
and development of herpes zoster are related to many mechanisms, there is no uniform conclusion
and specific treatment method, and only a limited number of people are currently vaccinated
against HZ.

Objective:
This study aimed at exploring the potential mechanism or biomarkers for Herpes zoster.

Method:
In this study, a data set GSE165112 containing 12 samples was downloaded, out of
which, 6 samples were treated with interferon, and 6 samples were not treated. Differentially expressed
genes (DEG) analysis, KEGG, GO enrichment analysis, and GSEA were carried out.

Results:
A total of 264 DEGs were identified, including 32 uP-regulated DEGs and 232 downregulated
DEGs. DEGs are mainly enriched in immune response, inflammatory response, chemotaxis,
etc. Four key pathways were found to be related to HZ, including IL2-STAT5 signaling, inflammatory
response, TNF-a signaling via NF-κB, and IFN-α. Moreover, ten hub genes were also
identified.

Conclusion:
This study shows that exploring DEGs and pathways through bioinformatics analysis
is of great significance for understanding the molecular mechanism of HZ, especially the defect of
the IFN pathway. It may be helpful in improving the treatment for HZ.
Predicting Glioma Cell Differentiation-inducing Drugs Using a Drug
Repositioning Strategy
Authors: Ye Yan-Rong , Tang Zhao-Qi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Currently, there are no effective differentiation-inducing agents for gliomas.
Drug repositioning is a time-saving, low-risk, and low-cost drug development strategy. In this
study, drugs that could induce the differentiation of glioma cells were searched by using a drug repositioning
strategy.

Method:
Data mining was used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The STRING
11.0 database was used for enrichment analysis. The Connectivity Map database was used for drug
screening. The ChEMBL and STITCH databases were used to search for drug targets. The
SwissDock database was used for molecular docking.

Results:
A total of 45 DEGs were identified. The biological processes in which the DEGs were enriched
mainly involved nervous system development and the regulation of biological processes.
The enriched molecular functions mainly involved transcription-related molecular binding. The enriched
cellular components mainly involved membrane-bound organelles and cellular protrusions.
The enriched local network clusters mainly involved autophagy, the retinoic acid signalling pathway,
and DNA methylation. The drug screening results showed that the drug with the highest score
was acenocoumarol. A total of 12 acenocoumarol targets were obtained, among which histone
deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was the target with the highest degree value; the lowest ΔG value for
acenocoumarol docked with HDAC1 was -7.52 kcal/mol, which was between those of the HDAC1
inhibitors romidepsin and vorinostat.

Conclusion:
Acenocoumarol may be a potential differentiation-inducing agent for glioma cells.
Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Assessment Reveals Epigenetic Regulation
of WRKY Genes in Response to Magnaporthe oryzae Infection
in Rice
Authors: Hu Yongfeng , Luo Qiong , Xu Yan , Miao Yuanxin , Tian Xuejun , Wang Qihai 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Histone acetylations acting as active hallmarks for gene transcription is involved
in regulating numerous developmental and stress-responsive gene expression.

Methods:
The data from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed by using
histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) antibody, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) utilizing rice
seedlings inoculated by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) were integrated.

Results:
RNA-seq data revealed that 422, 460 and 466 genes were up-regulated at 12h, 24h and 48h
after inoculation. ChIP-seq data showed that 60%-80% of blast up-regulated genes at different time
points were marked with H3K9ac, which was prone to be enriched in both TSS and gene body region.
However, the H3K9ac level at a rather small proportion of the up-regulated genes was elevated after
M. oryzae inoculation. We found that seven WRKY genes induced by rice blast fungus harbor
H3K9ac. For different WRKY genes, blast fungus induction led to the increase of H3K9ac in distinct
regions, including promoter, TSS or gene body, indicating that histone acetylation may play diverse
roles in the activation of defense-related genes. By searching DNA-binding motifs of transcription factors
in the promoter of genes with increased H3K9ac after M. oryzae infection, we found that ERF
family protein-binding motifs were enriched with high -log P-value (>20), including ERF1, DEAR3,
DREB2C, RAP2.6, RRTF1_3ARY, all of which contain GCC-box (GCCGCC).

Conclusion:
In this study, we revealed that the vast majority of genes induced by fungus M. oryzae
were marked with H3K9ac preferring both TSS and gene body regions. However, H3K9ac enrichment
was increased, responding to M. oryzae inoculation only at a low proportion of these genes, including
several WRKY genes. Besides, for different genes, the increment of H3K9ac occurred in different regions.
Finally, ERF proteins that have been proved to bind GCC-box might be one of the potential
transcription factors for recruiting histone acetyltransferases to deposit histone acetylation at defenserelated
genes in rice.
The Emerging Role of LncRNA FENDRR in Multiple Cancers: A
Review
Authors: Fazaeli Hoda , Sheikholeslami Azar , Ghasemian Fatemeh , Amini Elaheh , Sheykhhasan Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominent as crucial regulators of tumor establishment and are repeatedly dysregulated in multiple cancers. Therefore, lncRNAs have been identified to play an essential function in carcinogenesis and progression of cancer at genetic and epigenetic levels. FENDRR (fetal-lethal noncoding developmental regulatory RNA) as an LncRNA is a hallmark of various malignancies. FENDRR is crucial for multiple organs' development such as lung and heart. The effects of FENDRR under signaling pathways in different cancers have been identified. In addition, it has been verified that FENDRR can affect the development and progression of various cancers. In addition, FENDRR expression has been associated with epigenetic regulation of target genes participating in tumor immunity. Furthermore, FENDRR downregulation was observed in various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, osteosarcoma, and cutaneous malignant melanoma cells.
Here, we review the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of FENDRR in several cancers and, we will discuss its potential as a cancer biomarker and as a probable option for cancer treatment.
Ferroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yin Jumei , Meng Xingqi , Peng Lixuan , Xie Wei , Liu Xuan , He Weiguo , Li Suyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Traditional treatment strategies for cancer are unsatisfactory. As a nonapoptotic
cell death process and owning to the characteristics of iron-dependent lipid
peroxide accumulation, ferroptosis has become a new target of tumor treatment.
Numerous studies have proved that ferroptosis could enhance the immunogenicity of
cancer and interact with immune cells. Cancer antigens, exposed to cancer cells that
underwent ferroptosis, effectively improve the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment
and promote the activation and maturation of immune cells. Meantime,
immune cells release immunostimulatory cytokines including TNF-α and IFN-γ to
downregulate the expression of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, and reduce the absorption of
cysteine, leading to lipid peroxidation and iron deposition in cancer cells. Consequently,
induction of ferroptosis via iron deposition-based combination strategies could stimulate
and activate natural and adaptive immune responses which release immune-stimulating
factors to induce iron deposition in cancer cells. In this review, we provided a critical
analysis of the correlation between ferroptosis and the immune responses, providing a
novel way to effectively induce ferroptosis in cancer, which may be one of the focuses in
future to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies of cancer.
Development of a Novel Pomegranate Polysaccharide Nanoemulsion Formulation
with Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Properties
Authors: Sadek Shimaa A. , Hoseny Samah S. , Soliman Amel M. , Fahmy Sohair R. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal cancers in Africa
and its prevention is a pronounced challenge in contemporary medicine worldwide.

Objective:
The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsion drug delivery system using pomegranate
polysaccharides (PGPs) as an alternative cancer remedy, and then the evaluated its biological activities.

Methods:
The PGPs yield and chemical composition were evaluated, and then a PGPs nanoemulsion
(PGPs-NE) was prepared using the self-emulsification technique with an oil phase. The physicochemical
characterization of PGPs-NE was then analyzed. The in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities,
and antitumor potency of PGPs and PGPs-NE were also evaluated.

Results:
The PGPs yield was 10%. The total sugar and protein content of PGPs was 44.66 mg/dl and
19.83μg/ml, respectively. PGPs were mainly composed of five monosaccharides including fructose,
glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose. Concerning physiochemical characterization, the formulated
PGPs-NE had three optical absorption bands at 202, 204, and 207nm and a transmittance of 80%.
Its average hydrodynamic particle size was 9.5nm, with a PDI of less than 0.2 and a negative zeta potential
(-30.6 mV). The spherical shape of PGPs-NE was confirmed by a transmission electron microscope
study, with an average size of less than 50 nm. Additionally, the method used to prepare the
PGPs-NE formulation provided high entrapment efficiency (92.82%). The current study disclosed that
PGPs-NE exhibited strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent potency compared to
that of free PGPs.

Conclusion:
These promising current findings provide evidence for the possible efficacy of novel
PGPs-NE as an alternative treatment for CRC.
Personalization of Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD: Why it is
Advisable and Possible Options to Achieve it
Authors: Herrera-Morales Wendy Verónica , Ramírez-Lugo Leticia , Cauich-Kumul Roger , Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Núñez-Jaramillo Luis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed primarily
in children, although it is also present in adults. Patients present inattention, impulsivity, and
hyperactivity symptoms that create difficulties in their daily lives. Pharmacological treatment with
stimulants or non-stimulants is used most commonly to reduce ADHD symptoms. Although generally
effective and safe, pharmacological treatments have different effects among patients, including
lack of response and adverse reactions. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood,
but they may derive from the highly diverse etiology of ADHD. Strategies to guide optimal pharmacological
treatment selection based on individual patients’ physiological markers are being developed.
In this review, we describe the main pharmacological ADHD treatments used and their
main drawbacks. We present alternatives under study that would allow the customization of pharmacological
treatments to overcome these drawbacks and achieve more reliable improvement of
ADHD symptoms.
K2CO3/TBAB, a Composite of Inorganic and Organic Salts, a Novel and
Powerful Media for Regioselective Michael Addition of Dihydropyrimidinones
to Acrylic Esters Under and Without Solvent Conditions
Authors: Bonabi Sevil , Imanzadeh Gholamhassan , Asgharzadeh Roghayyeh , Soltanzadeh Zahra 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
Synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives.

Background:
carrying out reactions in the green route and organic solvent-free conditions.

Objective:
Regioselective Michael addition of dihydropyrimidinones to acrylic esters.

Methods:
The reaction proceeded in the presence of K2CO3/TBAB, a media of inorganic base K2CO3
and organic ionic salt TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) at 100oC.

Results:
A series of new dihydropyrimidinone derivatives using aza-Michael addition reaction were
synthesized under solvent-free conditions.

Conclusion:
The reaction is characterized by high efficiency, relatively short reaction time, high
yields, simple environmentally friendly reaction conditions.

Other:
The reaction of acrylic esters with dihydropyrimidinones produced N3-substituted derivative of
dihydropyrimidinones with 85-95% yields in 6 h.