bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio bounds on the mixed dark matter scenarios of primordial black holes and WIMPs
Authors: Kadota Kenji , Tashiro Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the synchrotron radio emission in the mixed dark matter scenarios consisting of the primordial black holes (PBHs) and the self-annihilating WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles). The WIMPs can form the ultracompact minihalos around PBHs and the annihilation enhancement from these dense halos can lead to the efficient synchrotron radiation at the radio frequency in the presence of galactic magnetic fields.
The upper bound of PBH fraction with respect to the total dark matter abundance is of order 10-8 ∼ 10-5 depending on the electroweak scale WIMP mass (mχ
= 10 ∼ 1000 GeV) and the WIMP annihilation channel (e.g. a hadronic χχ ⟶ bb̅ or a leptonic χχ ⟶ e
+
e
- channel). The PBH contribution to the total dark matter abundance is hence negligible when the other component of dark matter is composed of the conventional electroweak scale WIMPs.
Wave function of the universe in the presence of trans-Planckian censorship
Authors: Mondal Vikramaditya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The wave function for a closed de Sitter universe has been
computed, demanding consistency with the recently proposed
Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC). We extend the
Einstein-Hilbert action to contain a complex-valued term which
provides an exponentially decaying weight for the geometries
violating TCC in the Lorentzian path integral sum while working in
the minisuperspace approach to quantum cosmology. This
postulated modification suppresses the probability of
evolution of the universe into configurations that violate TCC. We
show that due to the presence of this suppression factor, the Hubble
rate of the universe at the end of the inflation gets subdued and
assumes a value less than what is expected classically. Moreover,
the consequences of this quantum gravity motivated correction in the
primordial power spectrum are discussed as well.
Research on 946 nm LG01 mode laser considering thermal effect
Authors: Yang Yashuai , Li Yongliang , Wang Chi , Yang Chao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams have important application prospects in Frontier Fields such as optical micromanipulation, optical communication, and super-resolution microscopy. In this letter, the thermal effect generated by Nd:YAG crystal that is end-pumped by the annular-beam is taken into account in the analysis of the LG01 mode beam generation. The 946 nm LG01 mode laser is obtained by using annular-beam end-pumped Nd:YAG crystal shaped by custom mirror M01. When the incident pump power is 19.9 W, the maximum output power is 1.35 W, the optical-optical conversion efficiency is 6.8%, the slope efficiency is 10.9%, and the beam quality factor M2 in X and Y directions is 2.22 and 2.28 respectively. The handedness of LG01 mode laser remains stable in the whole pump range. The theoretical model established considering thermal effects can guide the design of LG mode lasers, and the 946 nm LG01 mode laser obtained expands the new wavelength of vortex light and increases its potential new application direction.
Inferring monosynaptic connections from paired dendritic spine Ca2+ imaging and large-scale recording of extracellular spiking
Authors: Xue Xiaohan , Buccino Alessio Paolo , Kumar Sreedhar Saseendran , Hierlemann Andreas , Bartram Julian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective: Techniques to identify monosynaptic connections between neurons have been vital for neuroscience research, facilitating important advancements concerning network topology, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic integration, among others. Approach: Here, we introduce a novel approach to identify and monitor monosynaptic connections using high-resolution dendritic spine Ca2+ imaging combined with simultaneous large-scale recording of extracellular electrical activity by means of high-density microelectrode arrays. Main results: We introduce an easily adoptable analysis pipeline that associates the imaged spine with its presynaptic unit and test it on in vitro recordings. The method is further validated and optimized by simulating synaptically-evoked spine Ca2+ transients based on measured spike trains in order to obtain simulated ground-truth connections. Significance: The proposed approach offers unique advantages as (a) it can be used to identify monosynaptic connections with an accurate localization of the synapse within the dendritic tree, (b) it provides precise information of presynaptic spiking, and (c) postsynaptic spine Ca2+ signals and, finally, (d) the non-invasive nature of the proposed method allows for long-term measurements. The analysis toolkit together with the rich data sets that were acquired are made publicly available for further exploration by the research community.
A sparse representation strategy to eliminate pseudo-HFO events from intracranial EEG for seizure onset zone localization
Authors: Besheli Behrang Fazli , Sha Zhiyi , Gavvala Jay R , Gurses Candan , Karamursel Sacit , Quach Michael M , Curry Daniel J , Sheth Sameer A , Francis David J , Henry Thomas R , Ince Nuri F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are considered a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone in intracranial EEG recordings. However, automated HFO detectors confound true oscillations with spurious events caused by the presence of artifacts. Approach. We hypothesized that, unlike pseudo-HFOs with sharp transients or arbitrary shapes, real HFOs have a signal characteristic that can be represented using a small number of oscillatory bases. Based on this hypothesis using a sparse representation framework, this study introduces a new classification approach to distinguish true HFOs from the pseudo-events that mislead seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization. Moreover, we further classified the HFOs into ripples and fast ripples by introducing an adaptive reconstruction scheme using sparse representation. By visualizing the raw waveforms and time-frequency representation of events recorded from 16 patients, three experts labeled 6400 candidate events that passed an initial amplitude-threshold-based HFO detector. We formed a redundant analytical multiscale dictionary built from smooth oscillatory Gabor atoms and represented each event with orthogonal matching pursuit by using a small number of dictionary elements. We used the approximation error and residual signal at each iteration to extract features that can distinguish the HFOs from any type of artifact regardless of their corresponding source. We validated our model on sixteen subjects with thirty minutes of continuous interictal intracranial EEG recording from each. Main results. We showed that the accuracy of SOZ detection after applying our method was significantly improved. In particular, we achieved a 96.65% classification accuracy in labeled events and a 17.57% improvement in SOZ detection on continuous data. Our sparse representation framework can also distinguish between ripples and fast ripples. Significance. We show that by using a sparse representation approach we can remove the pseudo-HFOs from the pool of events and improve the reliability of detected HFOs in large data sets and minimize manual artifact elimination.
Characterization of a CdZnTe detector for a low-power CubeSat application
Authors: Lucchetta Giulio , Ackermann Markus , Berge David , Bloch Ingo , Bühler Rolf , Kolanoski Hermann , Lange Wolfgang , Zappon Francesco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report spectral and imaging performance of a pixelated CdZnTe detector custom designed for theMeVCubeproject: a small Compton telescope on a CubeSat platform.MeVCubeis expected to cover the energy range between 200 keV and 4 MeV, with a sensitivity comparable to the one of the last generation of larger satellites. In order to achieve this goal, an energy resolution of few percent in full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a 3-D spatial resolution of few millimeters for the individual detectors are needed. The severe power constraints present in small satellites require very low power read-out electronics for the detector. Our read-out is based on the VATA450.3 ASIC developed byIdeas, with a power consumption of only 0.25 mW/channel, which exhibits good performance in terms of dynamic range, noise and linearity. A 2.0 cm× 2.0 cm× 1.5 cm CdZnTe detector, with a custom 8 × 8 pixel anode structure read-out by a VATA450.3 ASIC, has been tested. A preliminary read-out system for the cathode, based on a discreteAmptekA250F charge sensitive pre-amplifier and a DRS4 ASIC, has been implemented. An energy resolution around 3% FWHM has been measured at a gamma energy of 662 keV; at 200 keV the average energy resolution is 6.5%, decreasing to ≲ 2% at energies above 1 MeV. A 3-D spatial resolution of ≈ 2 mm is achieved in each dimension.
A toy Monte Carlo simulation for the transverse polarization of high-energy electron beams
Authors: Chen S.H. , Huang Y.S. , Chen Y. , Duan Z. , Lou X.C. , Lan X.F. , Ruan M.Q. , Si M.Y. , Tang G.Y. , Wang Y.W. , Wang P.C. , Zhang J.Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transversely-polarized beams are heuristic to the mechanism of CP violation and explore new physics. Besides, the transverse-polarization monitoring is a key point for the beam energy calibration by the resonant depolarization technique. In the article, the transverse polarization measurement of a high-energy electron beam is performed by Monte Carlo simulation on the circular electron-positron collider. The principle based on the Compton back-scattering combining a deflection magnetic field is discussed in detail. The physical presentation of the analyzing power is used to fit the asymmetric distribution of scattered electrons, which is proportional to the transverse polarization. Furthermore, we develop an efficient algorithm that obtain this analyzing power function and use different strategies to measure the transverse polarization for cross-check. Our measurement method is theoretically suitable with a statistical error 1% within few tens of seconds in Z pole on the circular electron-positron collider. The total systematic uncertainties are controlled to be about 0.6% related to the magnetic field, the drift distance, the laser polarization, the beam energy spread and the related uncertainties of a position sensitive detector.
Attribution of the 2020 surge in atmospheric methane by inverse analysis of GOSAT observations
Authors: Qu Zhen , Jacob Daniel J , Zhang Yuzhong , Shen Lu , Varon Daniel J , Lu Xiao , Scarpelli Tia , Bloom Anthony , Worden John , Parker Robert J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric methane mixing ratio rose by 15 ppbv between 2019 and 2020, the fastest growth rate on record. We conduct a global inverse analysis of 2019–2020 Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite observations of atmospheric methane to analyze the combination of sources and sinks driving this surge. The imbalance between sources and sinks of atmospheric methane increased by 31 Tg a−1 from 2019 to 2020, representing a 36 Tg a−1 forcing (direct changes in methane emissions and OH concentrations) on the methane budget away from steady state. 86% of the forcing in the base inversion is from increasing emissions (82 ± 18% in the nine-member inversion ensemble), and only 14% is from decrease in tropospheric OH. Half of the increase in emissions is from Africa (15 Tg a−1) and appears to be driven by wetland inundation. There is also a large relative increase in emissions from Canada and Alaska (4.8 Tg a−1, 24%) that could be driven by temperature sensitivity of boreal wetland emissions.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of global population and heat exposure (2020–2100): based on improved SSP-consistent population projections
Authors: Li Mengya , Zhou Bing-Bing , Gao Minyi , Chen Yimin , Hao Ming , Hu Guohua , Li Xia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To address future environmental change and consequent social vulnerability, a better understanding of future population (FPOP) dynamics is critical. In this regard, notable progress has been made in producing FPOP projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) at low resolutions for the globe and high resolutions for specific regions. Building on existing endeavors, here we contribute a new set of 1 km SSP-consistent global population projections (FPOP in short for the dataset) under a machine learning framework. Our approach incorporates a recently available SSP-consistent global built-up land dataset under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6, with the aim to address the misestimation of future built-up land dynamics underlying existing datasets of future global population projections. We show that the overall accuracy of our FPOP outperforms five existing datasets at multiple scales and especially in densely-populated areas (e.g. cities and towns). Followingly, FPOP-based assessments of future global population dynamics suggest a similar trend by population density and a spatial Matthew effect of regional population centralization. Furthermore, FPOP-based estimates of global heat exposure are around 300 billion person-days in 2020 under four SSP-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs), which by 2100 could increase to as low as 516 billion person-days under SSP5-RCP4.5 and as high as 1626 billion person-days under SSP3-RCP8.5—with Asia and Africa contributing 64%–68% and 21%–25%, respectively. While our results shed lights on proactive policy interventions for addressing future global heat hazard, FPOP will enable future-oriented assessments of a wide range of environmental hazards, e.g. hurricanes, droughts, and flooding.
Identification of bio-oil chemical compounds from pyrolysis process of oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Majid Z A N M , Rahmawati L , Riyani C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Indonesia is the highest CPO producer globally, but CPO production also produces waste. The highest waste in CPO production is empty fruit bunch (EFB) (±58.3%). EFB is biomass waste that has the highest lignocellulose compound. Lignocellulose compound could utilize by conversion with physical, chemical, and biological degradation. Pyrolysis is one of the physical methods to degrade the lignocellulose compound. This research aimed to determine bioactive compounds produced from EFB pyrolysis. The analysis of chemical compound degradation from pyrolysis used gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. The results of GC-MS from liquid smoke showed that were three highest concentrations, including acetic acid at 48.28%, phenol (CAS) at 9.10%, 2-furancarboxaldehyde (CAS) furfural at 4.44%.
Heat treatment to increase self-bonding property of binderless boards manufactured from rice straw
Authors: Kurokochi Y , Saito Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rice straw is an abundant agricultural waste globally, but it has not been used effectively. Binderless boards manufactured without synthetic resins are an environment-friendly material, and they are also a possible way to utilize rice straw. However, the presence of wax and silica on the surface of rice straw reduces the bonding ability. The study objective was to manufacture binderless boards from heat-treated rice straws and investigate the effect of heat treatment on the self-bonding properties. Heat treatment was performed on chips or powder from rice straw (≤50 mm, 1 mm) at 200 °C, 1.5 MPa for 0–60 min. Heat-treated rice straw (≤50 mm, 1 mm, 150 µm) was hot-pressed to form binderless boards at 220 °C and 5 MPa for 10 min. The resulting board was 300 × 300 × 5 mm, 0.8 g/cm3. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were tested according to the JIS A5905-2014 standards. Electron microscopy (SEM), particle-size distribution, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were conducted to examine the effect of heat treatment. The results showed that heat treatment for more than 40 min increased internal bonding because of physical and chemical changes in the rice straw.
Enhancement of bioethanol production from tofu waste by engineered simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using co-culture of mold and yeast
Authors: Rahayuningsih M , Febrianti F , Syamsu K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tofu waste is a potential raw material for producing bioethanol since it has 52,82 % carbohydrate content, among which 35,12 % is starch. Indonesia has approximately 315 tofu business units that produce 2,6 million tons of tofu per year, so the availability of tofu waste is abundant, and its current use is only for feed. The use of starch as the raw material of bioethanol needs two steps, namely saccharification and fermentation. Application of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technique may reduce the processing time of bioethanol production from starchy materials. The SSF involves co-culture, namely aerobic molds (Aspergillus niger) that hydrolyze starch into sugar and facultative anaerobic yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that ferment sugar into ethanol. The objectives of the study were to obtain a production technique of bioethanol from the starch of tofu waste, which has more productive and higher yield through Engineered SSF/ESSF (stop aeration at a particular time) technique using co-culture of mold and yeast and to compare it with Conventional SSF/CSSF (complete aeration) technique. ESSF produced bioethanol at 11.39 g/L with the product yield per substrate used (Yp/s) of 0.36 g/g. In comparison, CSSF produced bioethanol at 7.69 g/L with the Yp/s of 0.23 g/g. ESSF technology has been proved to be more productive and efficient than CSSF since it can increase bioethanol production and Yp/s of 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively. The study results also prove that the starch from tofu waste can be utilized as media for bioethanol production.
Quality changes of natural dye powder from red leaf amaranth (Alternanthera amoena Voss) during storage
Authors: Permatasari N A , Sari F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Redleaf amaranth (Alternanthera amoena Voss) can be used as a natural dye because it has high anthocyanin content and is stable on low pH. This research aimed to observe the quality changes of natural dye powder from red leaf amaranth during storage and estimate its shelf life. The production of natural dye powder using a solvent of distilled water+5% citric acid and 15% maltodextrin then dried using a Vacuum Dryer at 60°C temperature for 1 hour. The powder was packed in PP plastic and stored at various temperatures (28, 45, 55 °C). The results showed that the natural dye powder at the beginning of the storage has 4.66% moisture content, 8% yield, 14.43 mg vitamin C/100 g materials, 94.48% solubility, 14.9% total titrated acid, 62.10 mg total anthocyanin/100 g materials and colour at 46.97 °Hue value (red). The higher the storage temperature, the greater the degradation of colour and total anthocyanin. The moisture content of the dye powder increases during storage. The shelf life of natural dye powder at 28°C, 45°C, and 55°C storage temperatures are 97 days, 41 days, and 25 days, respectively. Natural dye powder stored at 28°C has a longer shelf-life than those stored at 45°C and 55°C.
Stick preparation of essential oils blend as repellent against Aedes aegepty
Authors: Setyaningsih D , Alfiansyah M R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Essential oils have many uses, including being a repellent for mosquitoes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the best essential oil mixture in stick form. Essential oils used in this research are citronella, lavender, geranium, and patchouli oil. First, the essential oil is characterized by colour, specific gravity, refractive index, and solubility in alcohol. The essential oil colours produced according to SNI and ISO are pale yellow to reddish-brown, the density is 0.880-0.970, the refractive index is 1.462-1.509 and dissolved in alcohol. The essential oil used produced 6 samples, namely the J-O sample. Organoleptic tests on these samples showed that the most preferred samples were sample J and sample M. The selected samples were continued to be made into sticks. Repellent products have a milky white appearance, a fresh odour, are not hot on the skin, have normal pH (6-6.2), are stable, homogeneous, and non-irritating. The repellent tests of products J and M were equally effective compared to controls. The value of the protective power generated from the two products reaches above 90% until the first hour.
Aldehyde-vegetable combination tanning for tuna fish skin
Authors: Suparno O , Hasibuan D R S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The tuna fish skin has a huge potential to be processed into leather through a tanning process. An environmentally benign tanning process, such as aldehyde-vegetable combination tanning in the manufacture of leather, is needed. This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of vegetable tannage and its concentration or dosage on the physical and organoleptic properties of the tuna skin leather and to determine the best combination of treatments. Tuna skin was tanned using 3% glutaraldehyde and vegetable tannages (mimosa, gambier, and quebracho) with dosages of 10%, 15%, and 20%. This study showed that the type of vegetable tannage has a significant effect on the thickness increase, shrinkage temperature, tear strength, and elongation at break of the resulting leathers. The dosage of vegetable tannage and the interaction of the two factors do not significantly affect the leathers’ physical properties. The combination of tanning with 3% glutaraldehyde and 20% mimosa gives the best results in this study. The leather’s physical properties are thickness increase of 20.8%, shrinkage temperature of 88.8 °C, tensile strength of 17.8 N/mm2, elongation at break of 41.4%, and tear strength of 54.59 N/mm. Their organoleptic properties are flexibility (fell or handle) of 6-7 and colour of 7-8.
Study on the impact of crab processing waste using LCA in Karawang Regency
Authors: Kusnadi  , Fahma F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Crab is a leading commodity in the white sand area of Karawang Regency. As a crab processing center, this area produces crab wastes, including shells and by-products. This study aims to identify inputs and outputs resulting from crab processing, calculate the size of the life cycle of the crab processing industry, and reduce environmental damage. In a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) research, this study uses the environmental impact assessment method with stages of inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation and improvement. This study shows the magnitude of the environmental impact of GHG emissions and the energy efficiency of crab processing through calculated, analyzed, and proposed improvement scenarios. The impact analysis results show that 1 kg of crab products contribute to GHG emissions of 0.56 g CO2eq, with refrigerant for the refrigerator of 1.62 g CO2eq. Changing the refrigerant and making efficient water usage can reduce the impact. This research is expected to increase the use of resources and encourage further research to use LCA for waste reduction and crab waste treatment.