bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Legally Binding Instrument on Business and Human Rights – Is UN Stepping Twice into the Same River?
Authors: Gealfow Amal Azem , Schellongova Ivana Machonova 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Discussions of preventing and addressing adverse impact of business activities on human rights have occupied international community at least for the last fifty years. This article discusses successes and failures of past attempts, a state of play of negotiating legally binding instrument and alternative approaches to the current path. It suggests that the way forward for a successful treaty on business and human rights is maintaining key objectives of the draft, namely access to remedy and justice for victims of corporate abuses, balanced with cross regional support among States. Alternative approaches may be worth exploring if they would promise of delivering this balance. In this context, a new group of friends may contribute to changing of dynamics of discussions and mindsets of key players.
Interbank Network as a Channel of Credit Contagion in Banks: Is Moral Hazard Transferable?
Authors: Jović Željko , Đaković Milena Lutovac 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this research is to examine the inter-bank network of clients as a channel for credit risk transmission by groups of banks in Serbia characterized by different levels of credit risk (clusters). Two of the four observed groups of banks have experienced increase in NPLs through the channel of contagion spread in the interbank network. The spread of the infection through the banking network is a consequence of the impact of the economic connection among clients. The third group of banks (banks with high levels of credit risk) takes over the effects of systemic factors and transfers their influence to the second and the first group (banks with average and below-average credit risk level) through the banking network channel. There were different models of bank behaviour, from a group of banks that fully aligned their risk taking with risk capacity to a group of banks that exhibited an excessive risk propensity far beyond their own risk-taking capacity. There is also the confirmation that moral hazard was an important determinant of credit risk and an additional impulse to spread credit contagion.
Aberrant energy metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yu Linjie , Jin Jiali , Xu Yun , Zhu Xiaolei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo maintain energy supply to the brain, a direct energy source called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis of glucose in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Brain glucose metabolism is reduced in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it appears presymptomatically in a progressive and region-specific manner. Following dysregulation of energy metabolism in AD, many cellular repair/regenerative processes are activated to conserve the energy required for cell viability. Glucose metabolism plays an important role in the pathology of AD and is closely associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance. The glucose intake in neurons is from endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Damage to neurocentric glucose also damages the energy transport systems in AD. Gut microbiota is necessary to modulate bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and brain. Gut microbiota may influence the process of AD by regulating the immune system and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, some therapeutic strategies have shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of AD at different stages, including the use of antidiabetic drugs, rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic and dietary intervention. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of alterations in energy metabolism in AD and provides potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of AD.
Artificial Intelligence Models and Employee Lifecycle Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nosratabadi Saeed , Zahed Roya Khayer , Ponkratov Vadim Vitalievich , Kostyrin Evgeniy Vyacheslavovich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and purpose: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) models for data-driven decision-making in different stages of employee lifecycle (EL) management is increasing. However, there is no comprehensive study that addresses contributions of AI in EL management. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to address this theoretical gap and determine the contribution of AI models to EL management.

Methods: This study applied the PRISMA method, a systematic literature review model, to ensure that the maximum number of publications related to the subject can be accessed. The output of the PRISMA model led to the identification of 23 related articles, and the findings of this study were presented based on the analysis of these articles.

Results: The findings revealed that AI algorithms were used in all stages of EL management (i.e., recruitment, on-boarding, employability and benefits, retention, and off-boarding). It was also disclosed that Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Adaptive Boosting, Decision Tree, and Artificial Neural Network algorithms outperform other algorithms and were the most used in the literature.

Conclusion: Although the use of AI models in solving EL management problems is increasing, research on this topic is still in its infancy stage, and more research on this topic is necessary.
Angiographic index of myocardial viability in patients with different duration of occlusive coronary lesion
Authors: Yaitskiy N. A. , Zverev O. G. , Voynov A. V. , Lazarev S. M. 
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION. Evaluation of myocardial viability in chronic coronary occlusion determines the feasibility of revascularization of this zone.The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the significance of the angiographic index in determining the viability of the myocardium at various times after occlusion of the coronary artery.METHODS AND MATERIALS. 156 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with chronic coronary occlusion according to coronary angiography (CG) were examined and treated during the period from 2012 to 2021. All patients underwent endovascular recanalization of chronic coronary occlusion. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the time of coronary occlusion (up to 3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, more than 9 months) The results of recanalization were compared to the preoperative evaluation of myocardial viability based on the volume of collateral blood flow (Renrop score).RESULTS. The angiographic index of non-viable myocardium was highly specific from the first months in all observation groups (77, 94, 97, 97.5 %), however, its sensitivity had diagnostic value only in patients with occlusion duration of more than 6 months (80 % or more).CONCLUSION. The diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity) of detecting non-viable myocardium based on retrograde collateral blood flow is significant for occlusion duration of more than 6 months. Refusal of revascularization based on the absence of retrograde blood flow during the first 6 months after coronary occlusion is not correct.
The use of dual mobility endoprostheses in patients with unsatisfactory outcomes of trochanteric fractures fixed with a sliding hip screw system (SHS)
Authors: Tsed A. N. , Mushtin N. E. , Dulaev A. K. , Schmeljev A. V. 
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the results of using dual mobility endoprostheses in patients with unsatisfactory outcomes of osteosynthesis of trochanteric fractures using a sliding hip screw system.METHODS AND MATERIALS. A single-center, retrospective, randomized study was conducted in 60 patients with unfavorable consequences of osteosynthesis of the proximal femur with the DHS system. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 31 (51.6 %) patients who were implanted with standard cemented acetabular components. The second group included 29 (48.4 %) patients who were implanted with cement-retained dual mobility endoprostheses. We assessed the functional state using the Oxford Hip Score, the level of pain on the visual analogue scale, the degree of disability, the duration of the operation, blood loss, the nature and structure of complications, the frequency of revision interventions.RESULTS. The functional state on the Oxford score did not have significant differences between the groups, amounting to 41.7 points after 12 months. The level of pain syndrome did not differ significantly between the groups, amounting to 0.4 points after 12 months. The average volume of intraoperative blood loss was 629.2 ml, which is significantly higher in comparison with standard primary arthroplasty. In the 1st group, there were significantly higher rates of dislocations (6 patients or 19.35 %). The relative risk of endoprosthesis dislocation was 5.8. A total of 5 (8.34 %) infectious complications were noted in both study groups, which is significantly higher in comparison with the results of primary arthroplasty among patients without previous fractures. According to the degree of disability, there was no significant difference between the groups after 12 months. The average score was 2.06 points.CONCLUSION. In conversion hip arthroplasty using standard acetabular components, a greater number of orthopedic complications (25.81 %) are noted. The use of dual mobility slightly increases the duration of arthroplasty without causing an increase in blood loss or the number of infectious complications. The frequency of dislocations in conversion arthroplasty using standard implants is 19.3 %.
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias in patients with closed chest and abdominal trauma
Authors: Bykov V. P. , Pavlov K. O. , Mordovskii E. A. , Fedoseev V. F. , Korobitsyn A. P. , Beliaev A. A. , Karelskii G. M. 
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE of the study was the pathomorphological features, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of diaphragm ruptures in closed trunk trauma.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We prospectively studied diaphragmatic ruptures in 35 hospitalized patients with blunt trunk trauma and diaphragmatic defects in 9 patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, previously not recognized in other hospitals. Damage severity was assessed using the MFS-D (MI) scale; statistical data were processed using the WinPepi program: calculation of the boundaries of 95 % CI of medium and extensive values using the fisher method.RESULTS. Diaphragmatic ruptures were observed in 3.25 % of the victims. Damage to the left side occurred 2.4 times more often than the right side; on the left, they were mainly localized in the lumbar and adjacent costal parts. The average length of the rupture of the right half was 13.5, the left half was 9.8 (2-25) cm. More often, the greater omentum, colon, liver and stomach fell into the pleural cavity. During the first day, 2/3 of diaphragm ruptures were diagnosed, mainly during thoracotomy and laparotomy due to bleeding. Missing a rupture of the left half of the diaphragm was allowed at 6 laparotomies. Mortality rate was 31.4 %, the main causes were acute blood loss, severe brain damage; 2 out of 11 deaths were due to a complicated course of an unrecognized diaphragmatic rupture. All patients with chronic diaphragmatic hernia recovered after surgery.CONCLUSION. Diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture in severe trunk injury on the first day is difficult, radiation methods: radiography, MSCT, ultrasound are not informative enough. When performing diagnostic studies and abdominal operations, it is necessary to study the diaphragm. Repeated survey radiography and MSCT of the chest during the first three weeks of inpatient treatment of the victim increases the detection of acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
Modern educational technologies at the departments of surgery
Authors: Bogomolov N. I. , Goncharov A. G. , Kashafeeva A. A. 
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to show the effectiveness of multilevel situational tasks in the generalization and analysis of personal and collegial experience of surgeons.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Research and evaluation of archival materials of surgical departments and multilevel situational tasks created on their basis.RESULTS. More than 100 surgical case histories have been analyzed, the results of which have been published in two volumes. Professional retraining and/or thematic certification development for 15 years (2002-2017) was received by surgeons, endoscopists, coloproctologists, transfusiologists and thoracic surgeons, more than 713 people in total, as well as interns - 119 people, residents - 104, postgraduate students - 3 and doctoral students - 2. A total of 941 people, including doctors of other specialties and foreign trainees.CONCLUSION. The work clearly demonstrates that it is impossible to separate university and postgraduate education, this process is continuous, it is one and indivisible, consistent and continuous. We have presented one of the pedagogical techniques in the form of multilevel situational tasks, which allows us to solve many educational and methodological issues.
Telescoping pipeline vantage embolization devices with shield technology for the treatment of a giant, symptomatic dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysm
Authors: Hackett Ashia M. , Luther Evan M. , Walker Ariel P. , Burks Joshua , Lu Victor M. , Silva Michael A. , Starke Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysms are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Treatment strategies are often reserved for patients with severe and progressive symptoms.

Case Description:
A patient in their 40s with a dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysm developed significant progression of the lesion and neurologic decline, necessitating treatment. He underwent flow diversion utilizing multiple telescoping Pipeline Vantage Embolization Devices with Shield Technology for treatment. At 1-year follow-up, the aneurysm was stable in size and the patient remained at his neurologic baseline.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates the need for continued development of next-generation endovascular devices as these aneurysms have limited management options.
Lumbar cistern Candida intradural abscess following epidural anesthesia
Authors: Santangelo Gabrielle , Stone Jonathan , Johnson Mahlon , Walter Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Background:
This report describes a case of an immunocompetent patient with an intradural abscess from Candida dubliniensis. The majority of fungal spine infections, although rare in general, are due to Aspergillus or C. albicans through systemic fungemia. To date, there have only been two reports of spondylodiscitis from C. dubliniensis.

Case Description:
A 37-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented to the neurosurgical service for worsening headaches with nausea, vomiting, vision changes, and weight loss. MRI studies showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement of the distal spinal cord, conus medullaris, and nerve roots of the cauda equina extending beyond the neural foramina bilaterally. She had persistent symptoms and no clear diagnosis on lumbar puncture or systemic testing therefore L5-S1 laminectomy for an intradural tissue biopsy was performed. During surgery, cultures were taken and grew colonies of C. dubliniensis.

Conclusion:
This organism has been reported rarely in the literature as being an infectious agent, thus diagnosing remains a challenge but should be considered in patients with a suggestive history.
Kajian Pemanfaatan Ruang Pada Kawasan Gunungapi Sinabung
Authors: Firdaus Malik Dhahnel , Hindersah Hilwati , Chamid Chusharini 
Published: September 2022

Gunungapi Sinabung mengalami kembali erupsi pada Tahun 2010, sejak erupsi pertama pada Tahun 1600. Erupsi tersebut menyemburkan debu vulkanik setinggi 3 sampai 5 kilometer dan gempa bumi vulkanis hingga 100 kilometer di sekitar Gunungapi Sinabung. Letusan tahun 2010 – 2017 telah mengubah sebagian tutupan lahan di kawasan ini. Beberapa lahan pertanian dan permukiman tertutup material letusan gunungapi mencapai sekitar 757 Ha. Mempertimbangkan kondisi tersebut, pemerintah menetapkan radius 3 hingga 5 Km sebagai kawasan lindung yang sebelumnya merupakan kawasan budidaya. Saat ini, penggunaan lahan didominasi oleh kegiatan perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan arahan pemanfaatan ruang yang mampu mendorong upaya pengurangan risiko bencana pada Kawasan Gunungapi Sinabung dan sekitarnya. Dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis analogi, yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kebijakan pada kawasan rawan bencana letusan gunungapi pemanfaatan ruang yang merupakan kawasan lindung, pemanfaatannya masih dapat dilakukan kegiatan budidaya secara terbatas serta menerapkan peraturan zonasi untuk dapat membatasi pembangunan di daerah berisiko dan meminimalkan potensi hilangnya korban jiwa dan properti.
Strategi Peningkatan Pelayanan Air Bersih Kota Cimahi Secara Berkelanjutan
Authors: Mustikawati Ika , Hindersah Hilwati 
Published: September 2022

Air merupakan faktor penting dalam membentuk kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Keberlanjutan penyediaan air bersih untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat masa kini tanpa mengabaikan pemenuhan kebutuhan generasi mendatang menjadi isu strategis. Sementara itu, kebutuhan air bersih terus meningkat berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan sumber air. Pelayanan air bersih Kota Cimahi oleh PDAM Tirta Raharja Kabupaten Bandung baru mencapai 12,84 persen. Kondisi tersebut menunjukan cakupan layanan air bersihnya masih jauh dari ideal untuk mencapai target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Studi ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi peningkatan pelayanan air bersih Kota Cimahi secara berkelanjutan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, serta metode analisis kuantitatif. Hasil kajian ini strategi yaitu: (1) strategi teknis meliputi: optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumber air, pembangunan intake, pemanfaatan sumber air lainnya, pengendalian pada hulu sungai, dan memperluas cakupan pelayanan; (2) strategi lingkungan meliputi: pengamanan, pemeliharaan dan peningkatan kualitas serta kuantitas air sungai, monitoring dan evaluasi rutin setiap 6 bulan terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas air sungai, penerapan teknologi pengolahan air baku, dan peningkatan jam operasional; (3) strategi sosial meliputi: kebijakan harga, penetapan tarif (harga) air, ketersediaan membayar retribusi dan biaya penyambungan dan peningkatan investasi bagi pihak swasta, serta (4) strategi kelembagaan meliputi peningkatan kinerja, membentuk lembaga pengelola air bersih, merumuskan hubungan kelembagaan yang kondusif, peningkatan kerjasama lintas daerah, dan pelibatan kerjasama dengan pihak swasta.
PENGARUH OBAT KUMUR HERBAL DENGAN KANDUNGAN ZAT AKTIF FLAVONOID, SAPONIN, DAN TANIN TERHADAP HALITOSIS (STUDI LITERATUR)
Authors: Marselyna A.D. Eddea , Setiadhi Riani , Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati 
Published: September 2022

Pendahuluan: Obat kumur herbal banyak dikembangkan karena memiliki sifat antibakteri. Halitosis merupakan bau nafas tidak sedap yang berasal dari oral. Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) merupakan hasil produksi aktivitas bakteri oral, oleh bakteri anaerob gram negatif, salah satunya yaitu Porphyromonas gingivalis yang menyebabkan halitosis. Flavonoid berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri, anti inflamasi, anti alergi dan anti thrombosis, sedangkan saponin dan tanin merupakan golongan senyawa aktif tumbuhan yang bersifat fenol, mempunyai rasa sepat dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan mengenai pengaruh obat kumur herbal dengan kandungan zat aktif flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin terhadap halitosis. Metode: Literature review dengan menggunakan hasil penelitian, artikel dan literatur lainnya yang berkaitan dengan obat kumur herbal dan kandungan tanaman obat terhadap halitosis. Hasil: Beberapa peneliti menunjukkan bahwa obat kumur herbal dengan kandungan antibakteri berupa flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri oral seperti streptococcus mutans, porphyromonas gingivalis dan streptococcus sanguinis, kemudian dapat menghambat pembentukan plak, menurunkan halitosis, mengatasi gingivitis, meningkatkan pH saliva dan menurunkan viskositas saliva. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran dapat disimpulkan bahwa obat kumur herbal dengan kandungan zat aktif flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin berpengaruh dalam mengatasi halitosis.
EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE NEEDLE INJECTING UPON THE QUALITY OF THE PROCESSING OF RAW MEATS
Authors: Вербицький Сергій 
Published: September 2022

Subject of research. Hydromechanical treatment of various types of raw meats by needle injection using a multi-needle brine injector. Purpose of the study. Establishment of rational scientifically substantiated, technically and technologically acceptable modes of processing various types of raw meats by needle injection on a multi-needle brine injector. Methods. Injection of whole muscle raw meats was performed using a pneumatic brine injector Ya5-FSh1L with 50 needles. Carbonade (pork round), beef and pork neck were injected. The treated pieces of raw material were weighed before the start of the injection and after 5 minutes after the operation. The same piece of meat was injected on an NK-27 injector using low pressure technology. The shear stress of the sample and the specific cutting work were determined. The degree of penetration of meat products was found as the ratio of the mass of absorbed brine to the mass of the original meat (in percent). Research results. When injecting meat tissues with a strictly oriented fiber structure, the choice of the optimal number of injection sites and, consequently, the speed of transport of the product through the injector is essential. Processing of pieces of meat with a thickness of 100 mm and more entails the need to re-inject them with inversion for more complete and uniform saturation throughout the volume. To achieve the tenderness of meat of the sufficient hardness the most effective diameter of needles is 2,5-3,5 mm. The smallest tendering effect is observed when processing raw meat with needles with a diameter of 2 mm. When tendered with needles with a diameter of 2 mm, the nature of the mechanical impact is essentially closer to the traditional piercing process. The rational degree of penetration is 15 – 20%, the hardness of whole muscle meat products decreases most intensively in the initial stages of tendering and reaches a maximum at a penetration rate of 20%, and then stabilizes. The accuracy of the injection (uniformity of the degree of injection) is affected by the spray pressure only at a value of 6 kg / cm2, until a sufficient spray effect is achieved. Scope of research results. The results of the experiments will be used to improve the technology and specialized equipment for injection of whole muscle meat raw materials to increase the profitability of meat processing, food safety of meat products, enhance their quality.