bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Internal Jugular Vein Septic Thrombophlebitis by Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Shah Aalap , Moake Matthew M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Septic thrombophlebitis represents a rare but serious collection of diseases, which carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality requiring prompt and aggressive treatment. Diagnosis centers on identification of thrombus along with clinical and microbiologic data. We present a case where point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and expedite appropriate therapy. We further review the technique and literature for ultrasound diagnosis of venous thrombosis and associated thrombophlebitis.
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Cortellazzo Wiel Luisa , Spezzacatene Anita , Gortani Giulia , Saccari Alessia , Taddio Andrea , Barbi Egidio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A 14-year-old adolescent girl presented with severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding in the right upper quadrant associated with nonbilious vomiting, scleral icterus, and fever. Laboratory tests were consistent with acute hepatitis A virus–related cholestatic hepatitis. A point-of-care ultrasound showed mild gallbladder wall thickening with increased color Doppler flow and pericholecystic fluid collection, in the absence of gallstones or biliary ducts dilatation, thus suggesting acute acalculous cholecystitis. Both the clinical symptoms and the point-of-care ultrasound findings completely resolved within 1 week after admission with conservative treatment.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Pulse Checks in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Leviter Julie I. , Walsh Susan , Riera Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cardiac arrest is an infrequent but high-stakes scenario in pediatrics. Manual central pulse checks are unreliable. Point-of-care ultrasound is a noninvasive technique to visualize the heart and central vessels during resuscitation. We describe 2 cases in which point-of-care ultrasound helped aid management decisions in pediatric cardiac arrest.
Usability and Accessibility of Publicly Available Patient Safety Databases
Authors: Sheehan Julia G. , Howe Jessica L. , Fong Allan , Krevat Seth A. , Ratwani Raj M. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study were to identify publicly available patient safety report databases and to determine whether these databases support safety analyst and data scientist use to identify patterns and trends.

Methods
An Internet search was conducted to identify publicly available patient safety databases that contained patient safety reports. Each database was analyzed to identify features that enable patient safety analyst and data scientist use of these databases.

Results
Seven databases (6 hosted by federal agencies, 1 hosted by a nonprofit organization) containing more than 28.3 million safety reports were identified. Some, but not all, databases contained features to support patient safety analyst use: 57.1% provided the ability to sort/compare/filter data, 42.9% provided data visualization, and 85.7% enabled free-text search. None of the databases provided regular updates or monitoring and only one database suggested solutions to patient safety reports. Analysis of features to support data scientist use showed that only 42.9% provided an application programing interface, most (85.7%) provided batch downloading, all provided documentation about the database, and 71.4% provided a data dictionary. All databases provided open access. Only 28.6% provided a data diagram.

Conclusions
Patient safety databases should be improved to support patient safety analyst use by, at a minimum, allowing for data to be sorted/compared/filtered, providing data visualization, and enabling free-text search. Databases should also enable data scientist use by, at a minimum, providing an application programing interface, batch downloading, and a data dictionary.
Differentiation of Small Hepatic Abscess From Hepatic Metastasis With a Combination of Imaging Parameters
Authors: Lee Chul-min , Kang Bo-Kyeong , Kim Mimi 
Published: April 2022

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the combination imaging features to differentiate small (the lesion size of 3 cm or less) hepatic abscess from metastasis.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with preexisting malignancy and small hepatic lesions who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadoxetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 4 days between March 2017 and July 2020. Two radiologists independently evaluated the imaging features of each focal hepatic lesion. Laboratory parameters were also recorded. Significant parameters differentiating hepatic abscess from hepatic metastasis were identified by univariate generalized estimating equation regression. We compared the diagnostic performances of laboratory parameters, imaging features, and their combinations.

Results
We included 16 patients (10 males and 6 females) with 35 hepatic abscesses and 21 patients (13 males and 8 females) with 62 metastases with a mean age of 70.3 years in this study. Abnormal segmental neutrophil, pathy parenchymal enhancement on CT, and absence of dark rim on MRI were associated with hepatic abscess (all P < 0.01). The combination of CT and MRI parameters showed significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value than CT alone (P ≤ 0.031), without significant difference in sensitivity and negative predictive value.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that the combination of CT and MRI imaging features is helpful for the differentiation of small hepatic abscess from metastasis.
Image Quality Evaluation in Dual-Energy CT of the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis in Obese Patients With Deep Learning Image Reconstruction
Authors: Fair Eric , Profio Mark , Kulkarni Naveen , Laviolette Peter S. , Barnes Bret , Bobholz Samuel , Levenhagen Maureen , Ausman Robin , Griffin Michael O. , Duvnjak Petar , Zorn Adam P. , Foley W. Dennis 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate image quality in vascular and oncologic dual-energy computed tomography (CT) imaging studies performed with a deep learning (DL)–based image reconstruction algorithm in patients with body mass index of ≥30.

Methods
Vascular and multiphase oncologic staging dual-energy CT examinations were evaluated. Two image reconstruction algorithms were applied to the dual-energy CT data sets: standard of care Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR-V) and TrueFidelity DL image reconstruction at 2 levels (medium and high). Subjective quality criteria were independently evaluated by 4 abdominal radiologists, and interreader agreement was assessed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio were compared between image reconstruction methods.

Results
Forty-eight patients were included in this study, and the mean patient body mass index was 39.5 (SD, 7.36). TrueFidelity-High (DL-High) and TrueFidelity-Medium (DL-Med) image reconstructions showed statistically significant higher Likert scores compared with ASiR-V across all subjective image quality criteria (P < 0.001 for DL-High vs ASiR-V; P < 0.05 for DL-Med vs ASiR-V), and SNRs for aorta and liver were significantly higher for DL-High versus ASiR-V (P < 0.001). Contrast-to-noise ratio for aorta and SNR for aorta and liver were significantly higher for DL-Med versus ASiR-V (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
TrueFidelity DL image reconstruction provides improved image quality compared with ASiR-V in dual-energy CTs obtained in obese patients.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Purohith Abhiram Narasimhan , Vaidyanathan Sivapriya , Udupa Suma T. , Munoli Ravindra N. , Agarwal Sheena , Prabhu Mukund A. , Praharaj Samir Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The aims of the study were to report the case of a 54-year-old man with recurrent depressive disorder with multiple medical comorbidities having a dual-chamber pacemaker, treated successfully with 11 sessions of electroconvulsive therapy, and to conduct a systematic review of published cases documenting the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) for treating major psychiatric disorders.

Methods
We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Crossref) and included studies reporting on the use of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with CIEDs.

Results
Thirty-five publications across 53 years (1967–2021) reported on 76 patients (including current report) who received a pooled total of 979 modified ECT sessions. The most common adverse events were premature ventricular contraction and hypertension. There have been no reports of serious adverse effects that necessitated the cessation of ECT.

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy is a safe and efficacious treatment for major psychiatric disorders, and the presence of CIEDs should not delay or deter the use of ECT in these patients.
Nonremission After Electroconvulsive Therapy in Individuals With Major Depression
Authors: Hein Matthieu , Mungo Anaïs , Loas Gwenolé 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk of nonremission following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as associated with borderline personality disorder, in individuals with major depression in the context of the contradictory data available in the literature.

Methods
We analyzed demographic and clinical data from 210 individuals with major depression who were treated with ECT. Study participants were recruited from the medical records database of the Psychiatry Department at Erasme Hospital. Only individuals with major depression who were in remission, as demonstrated during the systematic psychiatric interview performed at the end of ECT (ie, with a >60% reduction in their 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, combined with a score of <10), were included in the “remission” group. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk of nonremission following ECT.

Results
Nonremission following ECT occurred frequently (42.9%) in our sample. Moreover, after adjusting for major confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that borderline personality disorder was a risk factor for nonremission following ECT in individuals with major depression.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that borderline personality disorder was associated with a higher risk of nonremission following ECT in individuals with major depression. This finding seems to justify more systematic screening as well as more adequate management of this personality disorder in individuals with major depression who are treated with ECT to allow for attaining better remission rates in this subpopulation.
Transient developmental increase in cortical projections to amygdala GABAergic neurons contribute to circuit dysfunction following early life stress
Authors: Haikonen Joni , Englund Jonas , Amarilla Shyrley Paola , Kharybina Zoia , Shintyapina Alexandra , Kegler Kristel , Garcia Marta Saez , Atanasova Tsvetomira , Taira Tomi , Hartung Henrike , Lauri Sari E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS) results in enduring dysfunction of the cortico-limbic circuitry, underlying emotional and social behavior. However, the neurobiological mechanisms by which ELS affects development of the circuitry remain elusive. Here, we have combined viral tracing and electrophysiological techniques to study the effects of maternal separation (MS) on fronto-limbic connectivity and function in young (P14-21) rats. We report that aberrant prefrontal (mPFC) inputs to basolateral amygdala (BLA) GABAergic interneurons transiently increase the strength of feedforward inhibition in the BLA, which raises LTP induction threshold in MS treated male rats. The enhanced GABAergic activity after MS exposure associates with lower functional synchronization within prefrontal-amygdala networks in vivo. Intriguingly, no differences in these parameters were detected in females, which were also resistant to MS dependent changes in anxiety-like behaviors. Impaired plasticity and synchronization during the sensitive period of circuit refinement may contribute to long-lasting functional changes in the prefrontal-amygdaloid circuitry that predispose to neuropsychiatric conditions later on in life.
Potato virus X -delivered CRISPR activation programs lead to strong endogenous gene induction and transient metabolic reprogramming inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Selma S , Gianoglio S , Uranga M , Vázquez-Vilar M , Espinosa-Ruiz A , Drapal M , Fraser PD , Daròs JA , Orzaez D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProgrammable transcriptional regulators based on CRISPR architecture are promising tools for the control of plant gene expression. In plants, CRISPR gene activation (CRISPRa) has been shown effective in modulating development processes, such as the flowering time, or customising biochemical composition. The most widely used method for delivering the CRISPR components into the plant isAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation, either transient or stable. However, due to their versatility and their ability to move, virus-derived systems have emerged as an interesting alternative for supplying the CRISPR components to the plant, in particular the gRNA, which represents the variable component in CRISPR strategies. In this work we describe aPotato virus X(PVX)-derived vector that, upon agroinfection inN. benthamiana, serves as a vehicle for gRNAs delivery, producing a highly specific Virus-Induced Gene Activation (VIGA). The system works in combination with aNicotiana benthamianatransgenic line carrying the remaining complementary CRISPRa components, specifically the dCasEV2.1 cassette, which has previously been shown to mediate strong programmable transcriptional activation in plants. Using an easily scalable, non-invasive spraying method, we show here that gRNAs-mediated activation programs move locally and systemically generating a strong activation response in different target genes. Furthermore, by activating three different endogenous MYB transcription factors, we demonstrate that this PVX-based virus-induced gene reprogramming (VIGR) strategy results in program-specific metabolic fingerprints inN. benthamianaleaves characterized by distinctive phenylpropanoid-enriched metabolite profiles.
Critical interventions for demand generation in Zambia, Nepal, and Senegal with regards to the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination
Authors: Hester Kyra A , Sakas Zoe , Ogutu Emily Awino , Dixit Sameer , Ellis Anna S. , Yang Chenmua , Chanda Chama , Freeman Matthew C. , Orenstein Walter A. , Sarr Moussa , Bednarczyk Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChildhood vaccination is an effective intervention for lowering the burden of infectious disease. Progress was made to increase coverage globally, but vaccine hesitancy and refusal has threatened to erode said increases. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination (“5C”) model provides a validated measure of “vaccine hesitancy or confidence” to assess individual thoughts and behaviors behind vaccination. Our purpose was to investigate population-level factors that contributed to high and sustained vaccination coverage via interventions in Zambia, Nepal, and Senegal, and alignment with the 5Cs.MethodsFDGs and KIIs were collected at the national, regional, district, health facility, and community levels. We assessed the demand environment, as relayed by participants, and identified interventions that key informants reported as successful for demand generation, then retroactively aligned the interventions with the 5C constructs.ResultsDemand was positively correlated with high confidence and collective responsibility. Psychological constraints sometimes impacted demand. Physical constraints created barriers in some communities, particularly difficult to access (i.e., mountainous). Occasionally, physical constraints did not affect vaccination behavior - parents believed the benefits of vaccination worth pursuing. Factors negatively correlated with demand and intent, complacency and calculation, had limited impact. The most critical interventions were: targeted and tailored health education activities (i.e., media partnerships, school outreach); community engagement; community ownership; and involvement of community (i.e., community health workers, leaders, religious figures).ConclusionWe found similar interventions were used to generate demand, and those strategies aligned with the 5C constructs. Categorizing interventions by drivers of demand may help strategic planning and the division of resources; decision makers may choose to implement our suggested interventions. Assessing the 5Cs allows for decision-makers to operationalize demand generation into concrete interventions and policies, and determine the individual impact of these constructs on the population and focus efforts on interventions tailored to a specific need.
Evaluating diagnostic accuracies of Panbio™ COVID-19 rapid antigen test and RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using Bayesian Latent-Class Models (BLCM)
Authors: Sisay Abay , Hartnack Sonja , Tiruneh Abebaw , Desalegn Yasin , Tesfaye Abraham , Desta Adey Feleke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRapid diagnostics are vital for curving the transmission and control of COVID-19 pandemic. Although many commercially available antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 are recommended by the WHO, their diagnostic performance has not yet been assessed in Ethiopia. So far, the vast majority of studies assessing diagnostic accuracies of rapid antigen tests considered RT-PCR as a gold standard, which inevitably leads to bias when RT-PCR is not 100% sensitive and specific. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Panbio ™ COVID-19 rapid antigen test jointly together with the RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was done from July to September 2021 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the third wave of the pandemic involving two health centers and two hospitals. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Panbio™ rapid antigen test and RT-PCR were obtained using Bayesian Latent-Class Models (BLCM).Results438 COVID-19 presumptive clients were enrolled, 239 (54.6%) were females, of whom 196 (44.7%) had a positive RT-PCR and 158 (36.1%) were Ag-RDT positive. The Ag-RDT and RT-PCR had a sensitivity (95% CrI) of 99.6 (98.4-100), 89.3 (83.2-97.6) and specificity (95% CrI) of 93.4 (82.3 - 100), 99.1 (97.5-100) respectively. Most of the study participants, 318 (72.6) exhibited COVID-19 symptoms and the most reported was cough 191 (43.6).ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag RDT is coherent with the WHO established criteria of having a sensitivity ≥80% for Ag-RDTs. Superior performance of the Panbio™ RDT was documented in samples with the lowest cycle-threshold RT-PCR values and clients with confirmed clinical symptoms. Thus, we recommend the use of the Panbio™ RDT for both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in clinical settings for screening purposes.
Characterization of Autonomic Symptom Burden in Long COVID: A Global Survey of 2,314 Adults
Authors: Larsen Nicholas W. , Stiles Lauren E. , Shaik Ruba , Schneider Logan , Muppidi Srikanth , Tsui Cheuk To , Miglis Mitchell G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic dysfunction is a common complication of post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)/long COVID, however prevalence and severity rates are unknown.ObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to assess the frequency and severity of autonomic symptoms in PASC. We also aimed to assess symptom burden in PASC though well-validated questionnaires, evaluate which pre-existing conditions are associated with an increased risk of developing autonomic dysfunction, and determine whether the severity of acute COVID-19 illness is associated with the severity of autonomic dysfunction in this population.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of 2,314 adults with PASC using several validated questionnaires including the COMPASS-31 to evaluate for autonomic dysfunction. We included both participants who had tested positive for COVID-19 (test-confirmed) and participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms alone (test-unconfirmed). Additional analyses were performed on test-confirmed participants, comparing hospitalized to non-hospitalized participants.Results67% of PASC patients had a COMPASS-31 score >20, suggestive of moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction. COMPASS-31 scores did not differ between test-confirmed hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants (28.95±30.98 vs 26.4±28.35, p=0.06). Both hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants reported significant functional disability across all quality-of-life domains.ConclusionsModerate to severe autonomic dysfunction was seen in all PASC groups in our study, independent of hospitalization status, suggesting that autonomic dysfunction is highly prevalent in the PASC population and not necessarily dependent on the severity of acute COVID illness.
Pilot study on the use of low molecular weight heparins in the prevention of thromboembolic disease during pregnancy and puerperium
Authors: Anchústegui-Mendizábal Paloma , Anchústegui-Mendizábal Patricia , Arechabala-Palacios Laura , Fernández-González Laura , Garcia-Gil Clara , Hernández-Guijo Jesús Miguel , Martínez-Pérez Óscar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA pregnant woman is 4 to 5 times more likely to suffer a thromboembolic event than a non-pregnant woman. Furthermore, an increase in these episodes has been observed in women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, the prophylactic prescription of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) in pregnant women is undergoing an increase that has not been evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LMWH prescription in pregnant women at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (HUPHM), according to their level of risk and its variation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. To answer this question, a retrospective cohort of 113 women who gave birth during the month of February at the HUPHM was designed. The level of individual risk of thromboembolism, according to the Royal College guidelines (37a), was calculated with an interview to complete a questionnaire and the analysis of their clinical records. 53.6% of the women were prescribed LMWH as indicated in the guidelines. This high prevalence is explained by the high age of the pregnant women (over 35 years), the wave of the omicron variant (December 2021) and a high rate of cesarean sections (25%). On the other hand, the percentage of patients with COVID-19 was 17.6% but only 53% of them had received LMWH. In conclusion, LMWH is a very common prescription in obstetrics, mostly during puerperium, and has become even more relevant due to the COVID-19 pandemic