bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW DO MARITIME ENGLISH COURSEBOOKS FACILITATE CADETS TO ACQUIRE PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE? FOCUS ON IMPERATIVE FORMS IN THE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT
Authors: Wijayanti Farida Indri 
Published: January 2022

<p>This article aims to describe the strategies of current maritime English coursebooks in presenting imperative forms in the speech act of directive. In this case, the strategies and pragmatic meanings of imperatives in two course books were investigated. The course books were also assessed to see if they were representative in terms of presenting imperatives to aid pragmatic competence development. Marlin’s coursebook showed multimodality strategies, but it was less sufficient in presenting imperatives since it only displayed them in emergency situation. On the other hand, IMO SMCP coursebook presented completely contexts in imperatives, but it only used text and dialog. Data was collected from 30 cadets with a multiple choice and DCT to measure their pragmatic competence after given the imperative materials. The results revealed that the cadets were able to perform imperatives almost completely appropriate in helpful context with pictures, but they still had problems to release imperatives in certain situations with text-only. Students’ attitudes toward the coursebook were they perceived that the coursebooks have already met the expectations in term of imperative forms. However, they saw helpful contexts with pictures like in Marlin coursebook were easier and better in improving their ability to produce imperatives.</p>
Determining the Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Strategy and Prognostic Factors of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Encephalitis in Children: A Multicenter Study from China
Authors: Fan Guoqing , Li Junzhi , Tang Fujie , Chen Min , Liao Shuang , Wang Juan , Guo Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Most of the knowledge on Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis (MPE) in children is based on case reports or small case series.This study aimed to describe the clinical features, the efficacy of azithromycin with or without immunomodulatory therapy ,and prognostic factors of MPE .Methods The Medical data of eighty-seven MPE patients from three medical centers in southwestern China over a 7-years period were reviewed.Results MPE was noted in children of all ages except for neonates.The most common neurological manifestations include consciousness disturbance(90%) and headache(87.4%),the most common extra-neurological presentations include fever (96.5%)and respiratory system involvement(94.3%) ,multi-system involvement(98.2%) and elevated C-reactive protein(CRP) (90.8%)were also prominent.M. pneumoniae detection in CSF was less than in blood and respiratory tract secretions.Azithromycin with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or/and corticosteroids treatment can shorten the hospitalization duration and length of clinical improvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that onset during teenage years and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CSF protein levels were identified as independent prognostic factors for poor outcome.Conclusions In children having acute encephalitis with multi-system involvement, especially in those with respiratory tract manifestations, accompanied with prominently elevated CRP,M. pneumoniae should be given preference.Higher age,marked CSF protein and blood LDH were correlated with unfavorable outcomes. Multiplicity mechanisms ,especially immune-mediated inflammation involved in the pathogenesis. Immunomodulating therapies should be recommended regardless of the duration of prodromal period.
Characterization of Heat Shock Transcription Factor in Bemisia Tabaci MED and Regulation of Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins During Temperature Stress
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Yun-Cai , Wei Ran , Wang Yu-Cheng , Gong Wei-Rong , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The primary function of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the heat shock response is to activate the transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, the gene encoding HSF (Bthsf1) was characterized in MED B. tabaci. The full-length cDNA encoded a protein of 652 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 5.55. The BtHSF1 deduced amino acid sequence showed strong similarity to HSF in other insects. Expression analyses using quantitative real-time PCR indicated that Bthsf1 was significantly up-regulated in B. tabaci adults and pupae during thermal stress. Although Bthsf1 was induced by both hot and cold stress, the amplitude of expression was greater in the former. Bthsf1 had distinct, significant differences in expression pattern during different duration of high but not low temperature stress. Oral ingestion of dsBthsf1 repressed the expression of Bthsf1 and four heat shock proteins (Bthsp90, Bthsp70-3, Bthsp20 and Bthsp19.5) in MED B. tabaci during hot and cold stress. In conclusion, our results show that Bthsf1 is differentially expressed during high and low temperature stress and regulates the transcription of multiple hsps in MED B. tabaci.
Human Impact Enables an Ecological Niche Shift for Invasive Widow Spiders
Authors: Luo Zhenhua , Mowery Monica A. , Cheng Xinlan , Yang Qing , Hu Junhua , Andrade Maydianne C. B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Predicting invasiveness requires understanding the propensity of a given species to thrive in areas with novel ecological challenges. The Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasselti, a widow spider native to Australia and established in Japan, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia. We hypothesized that human impact is important for successful establishment of this anthropophilic species, and that climate factors may determine suitable habitat and thus predict invasive ranges.Results: We used ecological niche models to predict the potential distributions of this invasive species and to infer variables most important for population persistence by relating species observations to climatic variables and measures of human impact. We found L. hasselti distributions are positively influenced by human impact, particularly in the native range. Native distributions were most strongly predicted by maximum temperature and invasive distributions by precipitation seasonality.Conclusions: A strong climatic niche shift was detected in invasive populations compared to the natives. We infer that a preference for human-disturbed environments may underlie invasion and establishment in this species.
COVID-19 Space-time Cluster Detection in Ethiopia Using Retrospective Analysis
Authors: TEGEGNE KALEAB TESFAYE , TEGEGNE ELENI TESFAYE , TESSEMA MEKIBIB KASSA , ABERA GELETA , BIFATO BERHANU , GEBREMICHAEL KEBEBUSH , ABEBE ALELIGN TADELE , ASSEFA ABIYU AYALEW , ZENEBE ANDUALEM , BAGAJJO WOSENYELEH SEMEON , RIKE MUSIE , WELDEYES BELAYNEH FELEKE , ALEMU ARGAW GETACHEW 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As of the 31st of January 2021, there had been 102,399,513 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with 2,217,005 deaths reported to WHOThe goal of this study is to uncover the spatiotemporal patterns of COVID 19 in Ethiopia, which will aid in the planning and implementation of essential preventative measures. Methods We obtained data on COVID 19 cases reported in Ethiopia from November 23 to December 29, 2021, from an Ethiopian health data website that is open to the public.Kulldorff's retrospective space-time scan statistics were utilized to detect the temporal, geographical, and spatiotemporal clusters of COVID 19 at the county level in Ethiopia, using the discrete Poisson probability model. Results: In Ethiopia, between November 23 and December 29, 2021, a total of 22,199 COVID 19 cases were reported.The COVID 19 cases in Ethiopia were strongly clustered in spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal distribution, according to the results of Kulldorff's scan. statisticsThe most likely Spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 70369.783209, RR = 412.48, P 0.001) was mostly concentrated in Addis Ababa and clustered between 2021/11/1 and 2021/11/30.Conclusion: From November 23 to December 29, 2021, this study found three large COVID 19 space-time clusters in Ethiopia, which could aid in future resource allocation in high-risk locations for COVID 19 management and prevention.
Routine Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval: A Cost Minimization Analysis of Loop Snare Versus Rigid Endobronchial Forceps Assisted Retrieval Techniques
Authors: Swietlik John , Steiner Quinn , Laeseke Paul F , Eifler Aaron 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Routine inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) retrieval is a common procedure that can be accomplished with different techniques. Simple loop snare retrieval is common; however, snares are single use and many seemingly routine retrievals require more advanced techniques. Rigid endobronchial forceps (EF) retrieval is an effective advanced approach with the ability for the forceps to be sterilized and re-used for multiple procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness of snare versus forceps IVCF retrieval techniques at a single institution. This study is a cost minimization analysis including an IRB approved, single-center, retrospective review of all IVCF retrievals from January 2019 to April 2021. Routine IVCF retrieval techniques were categorized as loop snare-only retrieval (SR), forceps-assisted after unsuccessful snare retrieval (S+F), and forceps-only retrieval (FR). Total equipment cost for each technique was determined. Seventy-seven successful routine IVC filter retrieval procedures were performed at our institution during the study period (63 SR, 8 S+F, 6 FR). There were no technical failures. FR was the most cost-effective technique with per-procedure equipment cost of SR, S+F, and FR techniques of $434.30, $556.55, $221.98 respectively. Average equipment cost for the 77 retrievals over the study was $430.46. Had all retrievals been performed using the FR technique, average equipment cost per retrieval would have decreased by $208.48, for a total cost savings of $16,052.72. Utilization of FR technique for all routine IVCF retrievals would result in a meaningful cost savings compared to standard SR and S+F techniques.
NURBS Function Closed-Loop Mapping Trajectory Planning of Serial Robotic Plasma Cladding for Complex Surface Coatings
Authors: Wang Zhaoqin , Shi Yu , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of the trajectory planning of robotic plasma cladding for complex surface coating, the concept of NURBS function open/closed-loop mapping is proposed in this work to explore the new approach of the trajectory planning for complex NURBS surfaces. The trajectory planning is carried out by a 2D-NURBS curve C(u) on a 2D plane, which is mapped on a predefined 3D-NURBS surface S(u,v) using the NURBS surface function to form a 3D mapping curve named NURBS function mapping (NURBS-FM) curve. Using the fixed step (FS) interpolation, the equal chord length (ECL) interpolation, the equal arc length (EAL) interpolation and the equal bow height (EBH) interpolation, etc., a complex curve can be interpolated. The FS/ECL/EAL/EBH can be defined as constraint. Depending on where the constraint is applied, the NURBS-FM can be divided into open-loop mapping and closed-loop mapping. The NURBS function open-loop mapping (NURBS-FOLM) is carried out along the route of u→C(u)→S(u,v), while the NURBS function closed-loop mapping (NURBS-FCLM) along the route of u→C(u)→S(u,v) →u →…. The constraint is applied to the 2D-NURBS curve in NURBS-FOLM, while to the 3D NURBS-FM curve in NURBS-FCLM. The NURBS-FOLM and NURBS-FCLM can ensure that the interpolation points on the 2D-NURBS curve and 3D NURBS-FM curve have the ECL/EAL/EBH characteristics, respectively. When the 3D NURBS-FM curve is regarded as plasma cladding trajectory, the NURBS-FCLM can provide engineers with a new ECL/EAL/EBH interpolation method for cladding trajectory. The simulation and experiment verify the NURBS-FCLM is feasible and effective. With the increasing application of complex surface protective coatings prepared by plasma cladding, the NURBS-FCLM has broad application prospects inevitably.
Kompetent durch Kontakt: Perspektivenwechsel in Lehrveranstaltungen initiieren
Authors: Lebzelter Roswitha 
Published: January 2022

Jede Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung sieht sich der Aufgabe gegenüber, den Studierenden die Bedarfe und die Lebenswelt einer breiten Diversität unter den Schüler*innen zugänglich und nachhaltig nachvollziehbar zu machen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein Lehrveranstaltungskonzept im Bachelorstudium Lehramt Spezialisierung Inklusive Pädagogik (Fokus Beeinträchtigungen), in dem Studierende durch Kontaktszenarien (direkt und indirekt) Personen mit motorischen, motorisch-kognitiven und komplexen Beeinträchtigungen begegnen, um sich über ein kennenlernendes Verstehen Zugänge zur Lebenswelt Betroffener zu erschließen sowie Vorbehalte und Ängste abzubauen. Ein zentrales Element ist dabei die Auseinandersetzung mit Autobiografien bzw. Biografien (Selbst-)Betroffener. Dieser Teil der Lehrveranstaltung wurde empirisch in seiner Wirkung auf einen Perspektivenwechsel der Studierenden untersucht.

Abstract
Each teacher training faces the challenge of making the needs and living environment of a wide diversity of pupils accessible to its students. This paper describes a concept for a university course within the Bachelor study for inclusive education, during which students experience indirect encounter scenarios with people with multiple disabilities to improve their understanding of and to reduce prejudices and fears against disabled and/or handicapped pupils. A key element of this course is the reading and discussion of life-writings of persons concerned. This element has been evaluated by an empirical study on the change of perspective of the participating students.
Aceleración, paralización y desaceleración: Los patrones temporales en las narrativas de experiencias de depresiones
Authors: Grippaldi Esteban 
Published: January 2022

El artículo analiza narrativas de experiencias de depresión a partir de la teoría social de la aceleración de Hartmut Rosa. Se apoya en una investigación empírica centrada en entrevistas biográficas a personas que sufren depresiones y participan en espacios terapéuticos en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina. Aborda a escala de los individuos, tres periodos biográficos concatenados: las causas de las depresiones; el modo de estar en el mundo en esos estados; y la búsqueda de una vida buena para evitar caer en las condiciones que provocan el padecimiento. En el periodo predepresivo, la aceleración del tempo de la vida contribuye a explicar la emergencia estos padecimientos. En el periodo depresivo, las personas suelen experimentar una desaceleración involuntaria, o paralización de sus acciones y del tiempo. En la post-depresión, los actores buscan (y logran) desarrollar estilos de vida desacelerados. Sostiene que los patrones temporales son aspectos medulares para comprender estos modos de estar en el mundo. Finalmente, presenta limitaciones y un posible modo de continuar las indagaciones en torno a depresiones y la (des)aceleración social en las sociedades tardomodernas.
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The article analyzes narratives of depression experiences based on Hartmut Rosa's social theory of acceleration. It is supported by empirical research focused on biographical interviews with people who suffer from depression and participate in therapeutic spaces in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina. At the individual level, it deals with three concatenated biographical periods: the causes of depressions; the way of being in the world in those states; and the search for a good life to avoid falling into the conditions that cause the illness. In the pre-depressive period, the acceleration of the tempo of life helps to explain the emergence of these ailments. In the depressive period, people often experience an involuntary slowdown, or stoppage of their actions and time. In post-depression, actors seek (and manage) to develop slower lifestyles. He argues that temporal patterns are core aspects to understanding these ways of being in the world. Finally, he presents limitations and a possible way to continue inquiries about depressions and social (de)acceleration in late modern societies.
Using Entropy and Linear Exponential Loos Function Estimators the Parameter and Reliability Function of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Ali Abod Masooma , Mansoor Gorgees Hazim 
Published: January 2022

This paper is devoted to compare the performance of non-Bayesian estimators represented by the Maximum likelihood estimator of the scale parameter and reliability function of inverse Rayleigh distribution with Bayesian estimators obtained under two types of loss function specifically; the linear, exponential (LINEX) loss function and Entropy loss function, taking into consideration the informative and non-informative priors. The performance of such estimators assessed on the basis of mean square error (MSE) criterion. The Monte Carlo simulation experiments are conducted in order to obtain the required results.
Efficiency Evaluation of Solar Concentrator without Tracking System Type of Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)
Authors: A. Rusul F. , H. Alaa B. 
Published: January 2022

It is useful to analyze any optical system theoretically before proceeding with its design in order to ensure the effectiveness of the design through computer simulations that are important and useful in designs for the ability to predict the performance of solar concentrator under any conditions. For this design, non-sequential ray tracing mode wasused in the Zimax program with a light source that simulated solar radiation. The purpose of the design of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is to take advantage of the solar radiation that falls on it without the need for an efficiently tracked system within certain limits of the angle of solar radiation fall known as the acceptance angle. That is, obtaining the largest possible number of rays received inside the CPC through reflections in the inner walls of it, which give a large amount of thermal energy to the surface of the recipient, which in turn gets this energy to be used to create electrical energy. The efficiency of receiving reflected solar radiation in this type of concentrator is great compared to other solar concentrators.
Simulated design of solar reflector concentrator has been presented. The concentrator is a type of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) involved of internal reflector surface (Hollow and within Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer material) without tracking system. CPC has the property to overcome problems result from variation of incidence angle of the sun during daytime. Because the tracking system expensive and has technical problems. The efficiency of CPC has been obtained by using Zemax optical design program, for different designs has concentration ratio(c=1,2,3,4,5). That is, the ratio of the output aperture to the input aperture. Taking into account the angle of acceptance that plays a major role in the form of design and its efficiency the results are shown when designing the model with radial aperture of (50mm) and length of (500mm).The design of concentrations ratio is depends on the acceptance angle.
c=5 at normal incident angle (ÆŸ=0). And it is almost similar if the material is used PMMA within CPC, and degradation of efficiency with increasing the incidence angle.
Prospects of heart failure pharmacotherapy: the latest news about omecamtiv mecarbil
Authors: Kravchenko I. G. , Rudyk I. S. , Medentseva O. O. 
Published: January 2022

Over the past decades, an active scientific research has been continuing aimed on the search for medications that can increase myocardial contractility and improve the course of heart failure (HF). omecamtiv mecarbil, a drug from the group of cardiac myosin activators, heads the list of applicants for clinical use. By today, evidences have been collected for the ability of omecamtiv mecarbil to bind exclusively to the heads of cardiac myosin molecules without significantly affecting smooth or skeletal muscle myosin. omecamtiv mecarbil stabilizes pre‑step myosin conformation, enabling the greater number of its heads to participate in the working phase of systole.The article presents the results of several randomized clinical trials that studied the efficacy and safety of omecamtiv mecarbil in heart failure: ATOMIC‑AHF, COSMIC‑HF and GALACTIC‑HF. ATOMIC‑AHF showed a tendency to reduce the risk of developing supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure. COSMIC‑HF has proven the ability of omecamtiv mecarbil to improve the quality of life of patients with heart failure. GALACTIC‑HF may be a turning point in the medical treatment of heart failure. For the first time, clinical evidence of the ability of the selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil to improve myocardial contractile function, reduce the severity of symptoms of heart failure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with the reduced left ventricular injection friction was obtained. It is too early to draw final conclusions about the advisability of omecamtiv mecarbil administration for heart failure. The findings of new comparative randomized clinical trials, systemic reviews and meta‑analyses may possibly alter the standards of treatment of this pathology.
The Argument of Severus of Antioch on the Absurdity of Confessing Two Common Natures in Christ, The Reciprocal Argumentation of Johannes of Caesarea and the Monophysite-Chalcedonite Christological Debates of the VI-VII Centuries. Part 1
Authors: Ноговицин Олег Николаевич 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается полемика, развернувшаяся вокруг знаменитого аргумента Севира Антиохийского, согласно общей формулировке которого исповедание во Христе двух природ, взятых как общие природы божества и человечества, необходимо влечёт за собой согласие с тем, что воплощение Христа означает воплощение всей Троицы во всём человечестве, а именно воплощение всех ипостасей Троицы в каждом из людей. На этот аргумент ответил в своей «Апологии Халкидонского Собора» Иоанн Кесарийский. Центральное место в статье занимает подробный анализ данного аргумента, ответной аргументации Иоанна Кесарийского и ответа на его возражения со стороны Севира в 17- 19 главах II книги трактата «Против нечестивого Грамматика». Кроме того, в тематическое поле исследования входит обсуждение вопроса о концептуальных рамках монофизитского и халкидонитского богословия, в котором этот аргумент Севира получает богословскую и полемическую значимость, обсуждение исторического контекста его появления и реакции на него в халкидонитском лагере, а также некоторые вопросы его рецепции в последующей полемической традиции монофизитских споров.
The article considers the controversy over the famous argument of Severus of Antioch, compliant to the general formula of which the confession of two natures in Christ taken as common natures of deity and humanity necessarily entails agreeing with that the incarnation of Christ signifies the incarnation of the whole Trinity in the whole humankind, namely, the incarnation of each of the hypostases of the Trinity in each human being. This argument was responded by Johannes of Caesarea in his “Apology for the Counsil of Chalcedon”. The focus of the article is a detailed analysis of the given argument, the reciprocal argumentation of Johannes of Caesarea and Severus’ reply to his objections in chapters 17-19 of the book II of the treatise “Against impious Grammaticus”. Besides, the topical area of the research includes studying the issue of conceptual frames of Monophysite and Chalcedonite theology wherein this Severus’ argument receives its theological and polemical significance, discussion over the historical context of its appearance and the reaction on it in the Chalcedonite camp, as well as some issues of its reception in the consequent tradition of Monophysite disputations.