bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted landscape of RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED LxCxE‐mediated interactions across the Chloroplastida
Authors: León‐Ruiz Jesús A. , Cruz Ramírez Alfredo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe colonization of land by a single streptophyte algae lineage some 450 million years ago has been linked to multiple key innovations such as three‐dimensional growth, alternation of generations, the presence of stomata, as well as innovations inherent to the birth of major plant lineages, such as the origins of vascular tissues, roots, seeds and flowers. Multicellularity, which evolved multiple times in the Chloroplastida coupled with precise spatiotemporal control of proliferation and differentiation were instrumental for the evolution of these traits. RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED (RBR), the plant homolog of the metazoan Retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is a highly conserved and multifunctional core cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in the evolution of multicellularity in the green lineage as well as in plant multicellularity‐related processes such as proliferation, differentiation, stem cell regulation and asymmetric cell division. RBR fulfills these roles through context‐specific protein–protein interactions with proteins containing the Leu‐x‐Cys‐x‐Glu (LxCxE) short‐linear motif (SLiM); however, how RBR‐LxCxE interactions have changed throughout major innovations in the Viridiplantae kingdom is a question that remains unexplored. Here, we employ an in silico evo‐devo approach to predict and analyze potential RBR‐LxCxE interactions in different representative species of key Chloroplastida lineages, providing a valuable resource for deciphering RBR‐LxCxE multiple functions. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that RBR‐LxCxE interactions are an important component of RBR functions and that interactions with chromatin modifiers/remodelers, DNA replication and repair machinery are highly conserved throughout the Viridiplantae, while LxCxE interactions with transcriptional regulators likely diversified throughout the water‐to‐land transition.
MRI characteristics of ventral vertebral venous plexus occlusion due to lymphoma in a large breed dog
Authors: Gilbert Samantha , Brooks‐Brownlie Harriet , Cardy Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntravascular lymphoma is a rare presentation of lymphoma with a predilection to the central nervous system (CNS). A 9‐year‐old male‐neutered Collie presented with a 3‐month history of lymphadenopathy and a 6‐day history of an acute onset, progressive, painful, symmetrical L4‐S3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal extradural spinal cord compressions from L3 to L6 secondary to a bilaterally enlarged and occluded ventral vertebral venous plexus (VVVP). Histopathology revealed low‐grade lymphoma within the venous plexus in the lumbar vertebral column, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and tonsils. Intravascular lymphoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for enlarged VVVP causing compression of the spinal cord.
SCREENING OF GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR β-GLUCAN SYNTHESIS IN GRAIN VARIETIES
Authors: Ismagulova G.A. , Baizhumanova S.S. , Iskakova G.A. , Baisaparova D.O. , Mendesh A.M. , Tussipova A.A. , Skiba Yu.A. , Maltseva E.R. , Naizabayeva D.A. , Esimbekova M.A. , Mukin K.B. 
Published: October 2022

Currently, β-glucan has a great importance for human life. Because it reduces the risks of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and digestive disorders. Due to these properties, β-glucan is a natural substance that can be used in pharmaceutical preparations for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Therefore, an analysis was made for crops rich in sources of β-glucans - 100 varieties of wheat, 50 varieties of barley and 50 varieties of oats, and a collection of genomic DNA was made. Each variety was screened to identify the genes responsible for the synthesis of β-glucans. In the frames of this study, 10 genes were considered. As a result, these genes have been identified in barley, wheat, and oat varieties.
For the isolation of β-glucan, the methods of acid extraction, microwave, and heating at high temperature were used. A modified method for isolating β-glucan from oatmeal was developed. According to the results, the acid extraction method proved to be more effective. It is easy to obtain pure β-glucan by this method, and the use of citric acid is safer and more affordable than conventional acids. The improved acid extraction method showed that the concentration of pure β-glucan per 10 g of wheat grain was 66.6%, and the total yield of β-glucan extract increased to 11.3%.
Enhancement of Low Operating Load Limit and Engine Characteristics by Hydrogen Addition in a Biogas-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Bundele Hiresh , Varma Penmatsa Sandeep , Kurien Caneon , Mittal Mayank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Biogas is a renewable gaseous fuel and has the potential to replace fossil fuels for spark-ignition engines; however, a higher volumetric proportion of CO2 in biogas degrades the engine characteristics significantly. Biogas upgradation techniques are limited by higher fuel costs, and strenuous modifications would be required for improving engine physical parameters. In this study, experimental investigations were performed with hydrogen-enriched biogas to enhance low operating load limit and engine characteristics, and to the best of authors' knowledge, studies related to operating range and low load enhancement by hydrogen addition in biogas fueled engines are not reported in literature. Gaseous-fuels blending setup was developed to fabricate the gaseous fuel mixtures in desired proportions and moderate amounts of hydrogen (5, 10, 20, and 30% by vol.) were blended with biogas. The experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder SI engine operated at the compression ratio of 10:1 and 1500 rpm for stationary applications. It was found that the coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure decreased from 10% in case of biogas to 8.69, 6, 3.05, and 1.66%, respectively, for 5, 10, 20, and 30% hydrogen cases at 6 N·m loading condition. Low operating load limit enhanced from 6 N·m in case of biogas to 5.3, 2.2, 1.5, and 0.8 N·m, respectively, for 5, 10, 20, and 30% of hydrogen share in the fuel mixture and brake thermal efficiency also improved with hydrogen enrichment. Carbon-based emissions decreased with hydrogen addition, whereas oxides of nitrogen increased but it was well below the baseline case with pure methane. Overall results indicated that hydrogen enrichment enhances the low load limit and engine characteristics of biogas-fueled SI engines for stationary power generation applications in rural areas.
Atomic-to-Continuum Multiscale Modeling of Defects in Crystals With Nonlocal Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Jha Prashant K. , Marshall Jason , Knap Jaroslaw , Dayal Kaushik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work develops a multiscale modeling framework for defects in crystals with general geometries and boundary conditions in which ionic interactions are important, with potential application to ionic solids and electric field interactions with materials. The overall strategy is posed in the framework of the quasicontinuum multiscale method; specifically, the use of a finite element inspired kinematic description enables a significant reduction in the large number of degrees-of-freedom to describe the atomic positions. The key advance of this work is a method for the efficient and accurate treatment of nonlocal electrostatic charge–charge interactions without restrictions on the geometry or boundary conditions. Electrostatic interactions are long range with slow decay and hence require consideration of all pairs of charges making a brute-force approach computationally prohibitive. The method proposed here accounts for the exact charge–charge interactions in the near-field and uses a coarse-grained approximation in the far-field. The coarse-grained approximation and the associated errors are rigorously derived based on the limit of a finite body with a small periodic lengthscale, thereby enabling the errors in the approximation to be controlled to a desired tolerance. The method is applied to a simple model of gallium nitride, and it is shown that electrostatic interactions can be approximated with a desired level of accuracy using the proposed methodology.
Dynamic Characteristics and Experimental Research of Dual-Piston Axial Oscillation Drag Reduction Tool
Authors: Tian Jialin , Tang Lei , Yan Baoyong , Song Haolin , Mao Lanhui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low drilling efficiency of oil and gas wells due to the high friction during the drilling, a dual-piston axial oscillation drag reduction tool (DAOT) is proposed to reduce friction for long drill string in this paper. Using the proportional experiment methods based on the ground experiment conditions, pressure drop, axial displacement, and acceleration of DAOT were tested with different input parameters. The pressure drop calculation model was established by fluid mechanisms applied, and the axial excitation displacement model to the damped elastic rod subjected to axial external excitation was deduced. Furthermore, combining with the same parameters as the experiment and field application, the dynamic characteristics are studied by numerical calculation methods to identify proposed models. The results show that the correctness of the models is verified, the working pressure drop, axial displacement, working frequency, and axial oscillating force are all dependent on the input flow, the working frequency is positively correlated with the input flow, and the more the input flowrate, the great is its influence on the oscillating force. The application of DAOT can reduce extremely the friction force of drill string and improve availably the drilling efficiency. These conclusions can be of benefit for optimizing multi-piston axial oscillating tool and DAOT field applications.
Analyzing the Multiscale Impacts of Implementing Energy-Efficient HVAC Improvements Through Energy Audits and Economic Input–Output Analysis
Authors: Shook Phillip , Choi Jun-Ki , Kissock Kelly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are usually an industry’s highest consumer of energy, most of which goes toward space cooling in buildings. Industrial energy-efficiency audits not only benefit manufacturers but also generate significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation. This article analyzes the micro- and macro scale impacts of implementing energy-efficient HVAC systems by integrating the industrial building energy data with the macroeconomic regional economic flow model. Micro-scale data include 10 years of historical energy, cost, and carbon dioxide savings achieved from energy-efficient HVAC implementation offered to manufacturers through industrial energy audits. The data were integrated into the macroeconomic modeling framework to illuminate the cascading regional economic impacts of implementing energy-efficient HVAC recommendations in manufacturing facilities. Results show that if recommendations had been implemented throughout all manufacturers in the region, $656 M energy costs would have been directly saved, 7.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions would have been avoided, and 4387 jobs could have been created, resulting in a total annual economic impact of $899 M stemming from direct, indirect, and induced impacts. The results offer insight into how industrial energy systems can be designed and provide models for how communities can accomplish a net-zero society.
Verification of a Free-Surface Pressure Term Extension to Represent Ships in a Nonhydrostatic Shallow-Water-Equations Solver
Authors: Dempwolff León-Carlos , Windt Christian , Goseberg Nils , Martin Tobias , Bihs Hans , Melling Gregor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, increasing ship sizes and associated increasing wave loads have led to a demand for prediction tools quantifying the ship-induced loads on waterways. Depth-averaged numerical models, using a free-surface pressure term, are a prominent method to obtain the relevant design parameters. These models incorporate the wave deformation processes due to attributes of complex bathymetries, while allowing for an efficient simulation of large computational domains. The nonhydrostatic shallow-water-equations (SWE) model REEF3D::SFLOW uses a quadratic pressure approximation and high-order discretization schemes. This paper presents the implementation of a pressure term to account for the displacement of the free surface by solid moving objects. Two test cases verifying the implementation are shown based upon the analytical one-dimensional solution of the wave propagation due to surface pressure and the estimation of Havelock angles. These verification tests are the first step toward a holistic model, combining a large scale model with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations near waterway banks.
Additive Manufacturing Versus Investment Casting for a Gas Turbine Component: a Social Life Cycle Comparison
Authors: Serra Angela , Gandini Sergio , Colantoni Simone , Buia Giulio , Fantaccione Luca , Bartocci Pietro , Fantozzi Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Currently the Energy Industry and Industrial Power Plants are committed to support sustainable development balancing environmental, economic, and social benefits. As the first two aspects are fully covered by environmental lifecycle assessment and life cycle costing, the third one is covered only for the portion regarding human health while other aspects, like local employment, contribution to economic development, supplier’s relationship, are not so easy to be measured. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is considered a powerful tool to measure and improve a company’s sustainability. Yet there is not a unique way of measuring how a company or even a product is impacting on the well-being of the society. In general, S-LCA is seen as an opportunity to improve a company’s reputation, it can help handling social aspects in the lifecycle of a product or service. S-LCA methodology is evolving since 1996 when first attempt to evaluate the social impact of a product rose and many methodologies and databases are now available; at present the phase of S-LCA development is the research of standardization. A use case of S-LCA application to a gas turbine component will be presented comparing the impact of moving the production of one component from Investment Casting to Additive Manufacturing plus insourcing coating execution: proving the benefit of applying S-LCA to products.
The findings allow comparing design and manufacturing alternatives to maximize sustainability of a product manufacturing.
Comparison of Time-Accurate and Steady-State Predictions of Heat Transfer and Pressure for a Rotating Cooled Turbine
Authors: Sperling Spencer , Christensen Louis , Mathison Randall , Aksoy Hakan , Liu Jong , Nickol Jeremy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Axial gas turbines set up highly complex unsteady flow fields, and the incorporation of cooling further complicates the flow. Due to time and computational resource constraints, the design cycle for modern gas turbines relies heavily on steady-state computational fluid dynamics simulations, which approximate time-averaged unsteady turbine flows as steady. Steady modeling provides good predictions of pressure loading but struggles with heat transfer predictions for cooled turbines. The present study incorporates experimental and computational research on a modern gas turbine stage to provide a detailed assessment of steady gas turbine modeling techniques.
Comparisons are performed among steady simulation and unsteady simulation results and time-averaged experimental data to examine the quality of computational predictions. While steady results provide good agreement with experimental pressure data, heat transfer results are less satisfactory. The largest areas of discrepancy between experiment and steady simulation are on the suction surface near the leading edge and on the pressure surface near film cooling hole rows. Unsteady simulations narrow disagreements to within unsteadiness limits. Analysis of the main gas path identifies elements of main flow unsteadiness causing augmentation in time-averaged heat transfer.
Results of this research provide a unique perspective on modeling techniques for gas turbines. The results indicate steady approximations of time-averaged heat transfer are of limited use for much of the turbine blade due to a large amount of unsteadiness in the main gas path. However, a characterization of the unsteadiness in the turbine in both experimental and computational results can help engineers to better represent the time-averaged performance with steady simulations.
Effect of Bristle Diameter on Operational Modal Assessment and Seating Load of Brush Seals
Authors: Duran Ertuğrul Tolga 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brush seal technology is frequently preferred leakage performance system in turbomachinery due to its superior clearance control capability arising from flexible structure of bristles that can compensate rotor transients. Operational modal characteristics of a brush seal is critical for the durability and stability of bristles since they operate under dynamic loadings of pressure fluctuations, flow swirls and bucket tip induced excitations. Pressurized seal modes within the frequency range of turbine operational loadings should be avoided to eliminate the stability related bristle losses and failures. Turbine condition pressure load should also be sufficiently high enough to seat the brush seal with proper contact of bristles to minimize the effect of dynamic loadings. This paper presents details of non-linear finite element analyses of brush seals for the operational modal assessment. Simulations at turbine conditions are conducted by including all interactions and critical seal modes are determined for assessing the risks for stability and durability. Seating load of the design of interest is also identified with the aid of brush seal simulations at turbine conditions. Effect of bristle diameter on the operational modes and seating load of brush seal is analyzed by running set of non-linear finite element simulations for the pressurized seal.
Amplitude and Wavelength Effects for Wavy Channels
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. , Bollapragada Sudhakar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To improve the efficiency and durability of gas turbine components, advancements are needed in cooling technologies. To accomplish this task, some manufacturers are turning to additive manufacturing (AM), as it offers the ability to both rapidly iterate on component design, as well as incorporate unique internal cooling structures directly into parts. As one example, wavy microchannels can be readily integrated into turbine components. This study investigates wavy channels of varying channel amplitude and wavelength through experimental measurements of heat transfer and pressure loss. In addition to experimental testing, CFD predictions were made to identify internal flow features that impacted performance.
Five channel geometries were integrated into test coupons that were additively manufactured out of Hastelloy-X using direct metal laser sintering. True coupon geometric characteristics and wall roughness values were captured non-destructively using computed tomography (CT) scans. Geometric analyses indicated that coupons were reproduced accurately with minimal deviation from design intent. Experimental results indicated that decreasing the channel wavelength and increasing the channel amplitude resulted in substantial increases in both bulk friction factor and Nusselt number with respect to the nominal case and were scaled using a relative waviness parameter. CFD simulations predicted significant mixing of flow in the cases with the smallest wavelength and greatest amplitude.
Effect of Compressor Unsteady Wakes on a Gas Turbine Combustor Flow
Authors: Soli Alessandro , Adoua Richard , Langella Ivan , Denman Paul , Garmory Andrew , Page Gary J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In gas turbines, combustor inlets are characterised by significant levels of unsteady circumferential distortion due to compressor wakes and secondary flows, together with additional radial non-uniformity induced by the adverse pressure gradients in the pre-diffuser. This can cause non-uniform velocity distributions across the fuel injector, although the exact interaction mechanism, and the effects it has on the downstream air-fuel mixing, is not fully understood. This paper investigates the flow in an a single sector of a fully featured isothermal rig comprising of compression and combustion systems, exploiting the synchronous coupling of a compressible unsteady RANS simulation with a low-Mach LES. Validation against five-hole probe measurements shows that the coupled approach can correctly predict distortion onset and development, with no solution discontinuity at the coupling interface, and is able to preserve unsteady information. The coupled prediction is then compared against a standalone combustor simulation carried out using a circumferentially uniform inlet profile, showing that the additional turbulence from the wakes interacts with the injector, reducing the coherence of the precessing vortex core and potentially affecting the air-fuel mixing characteristics.
Influence of Different Flow Solvers and Off-Design Conditions on the Determination of Fan-Rotor Wakes for Broadband Noise Prediction
Authors: Meier zu Ummeln Robert , Moreau Antoine , Schnoes Markus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The acoustic interaction of fan-rotor wakes with the downstream stator vanes is considered as an important noise source of an aircraft engine. The turbulence induced by the rotor generates a stochastic acoustic source that appears as broadband noise in the acoustic spectrum. During the preliminary design phase of an engine, established meanline and throughflow solvers usually do not resolve turbulence and associated unsteady flow parameters. But such solvers provide rotor pressure losses that can be used to estimate the mean and turbulent rotor wakes. A crucial step is the deduction of turbulence parameters from the mean wakes. A semi-empirical model for rotor-wake turbulence estimation is presented in this paper. The meanline method and the throughflow solver are compared to three-dimensional computational flow simulations investigating the capabilities of the different solvers to provide flow data for broadband wake interaction noise prediction. The methods are applied to a representative modern fan stage at a comprehensive number of operating points, comprising several speed lines from surge to choking conditions. Microphone measurements are consulted to assess the noise predictions. The evaluation confirms the applicability of the meanline and throughflow method in combination with the turbulence model for broadband noise estimation during the preliminary design phase. The underestimated turbulence in the tip region of the fan is found to be negligible even during off-design conditions.