bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with Proteus syndrome
Authors: Mathavan Akash , Mathavan Akshay , Vahdatpour Cyrus , Eagan Christina , Kalra Saminder Singh , Ataya Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProteus syndrome is a rare progressive multisystem disorder characterized by asymmetric, disproportionate overgrowth of bone, skin, and other tissue types. Molecular pathogenesis has been identified as somatic activating mutations of the AKT1 gene. The presentation of Proteus syndrome is exceptionally variable. Respiratory complications include emphysematous lung disease and predisposition to pulmonary emboli, the latter of which is a significant source of mortality. Pulmonary hypertension due to longstanding hypoxic lung disease as well as chronic thromboembolic events has been observed in this population. In contrast, precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension in the absence of chronic pulmonary emboli and parenchymal lung disease has not been described in the literature on patients with Proteus syndrome. We report such a case in a young patient with Proteus syndrome, reviewing subsequent management and emphasizing the need for a detailed investigation of dyspnea.
A stochastic and non‐linear representation of model uncertainty in a convective‐scale ensemble prediction system
Authors: Xu Zhizhen , Chen Jing , Mu Mu , Tao Lingjiang , Dai Guokun , Wang Jingzhuo , Ma Yanan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurately addressing model uncertainties with a consideration of the enhanced effect of non‐linearities in a high‐resolution convective‐scale system is a crucial issue for performing convection‐allowing ensemble prediction systems (CAEPSs). In this study, a conditional non‐linear–stochastic perturbation method is developed to simultaneously consider both a stochastic and a non‐linear representation of model uncertainties associated with physics parameterization in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES)‐CAEPS with a horizontal resolution of 3 km. The non‐linear forcing singular vector (NFSV) for a non‐linear representation of model uncertainties and the Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendencies (SPPT) scheme for a stochastic representation of model uncertainties, are applied. Two experiments were carried out over South China for a month (May 1–30, 2020), one with a SPPT scheme and the other with a non‐linear–stochastic perturbation using a combination of SPPT and NFSV schemes. The combination of SPPT and NFSV schemes is compared with the SPPT scheme alone to investigate whether the conditional non‐linear–stochastic perturbation method that combines non‐linear and stochastic schemes can represent model uncertainty better than the traditional stochastic SPPT approach. The results show that combining the NFSV and SPPT schemes improves the overall probabilistic skill and has an advantage over the SPPT scheme, which may imply that adding additional state‐independent non‐linear noise contributes to a more comprehensive characterization of model error for representing model uncertainties in CAEPSs. This discovery sheds light on the design and development of model perturbation strategies for convective‐scale ensembles in the future.
THEY ALWAYS PRETEND TO HAVE THE WHOLE TRUTH—How the epistemization of politics endangers democracy, and what this may have to do with scientism in school science
Authors: Zeyer Albert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe core of this essay is a review of Alexander Bogner's book “The Epistemization of Politics” (2021). It fits into the ongoing discussion about the role of scientism in science education. Bogner makes the provocative case that science denialism inadvertently points to contemporary scientism in the public sphere, and he observes that many science deniers mobilize (counter)experts and (counter)expertise because better knowledge seems to be “the harder currency” than softer values and interests, emotions, fears, or epistemological dissent. In this way, Bogner explains, the struggle for political hegemony has turned into a struggle for better knowledge. He calls this the epistemization of politics—a new form of political scientism. In this essay, I describe why reading this book was so valuable to me as a teaching professional and why I decided to share some important points with other science educators and scholars. I pose four important questions that I asked myself after reading Bogner's book—about scientism in school science paving the way for scientism in policy, about Science Studies positions in science education as a possible backdoor to science denial, about the role of the naturalistic fallacy in science education (do we always distinguish between facts and values?), and about how scientism in school science threatens the agency of our students. I discuss these points in light of recent publications in the science education literature. The essay is concluded with a number of original quotes from the last chapter of Bogner's book, which revisits his main points and can serve as a stimulus for further reflection.
Psychometric properties of a brief version of the COVID‐19 Stress Scales (CSS‐B) in young adult undergraduates
Authors: Thibault Tabatha , Thompson Kara , Keough Matthew , Krank Marvin , Conrod Patricia , Moore Mackenzie , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe extracted items to create a brief version of the COVID‐19 Stress Scale (i.e., CSS‐B) and examined its psychometric properties in young adults. A sample of 1318 first‐ and second‐year undergraduates from five Canadian universities (mean [SD] age = 19.27 [1.35] years; 77.6% women) completed an online cross‐sectional survey that included the CSS‐B as well as validated measures of anxiety and depression. The 18‐item CSS‐B fit well on both a 5‐factor and a hierarchical model indicating that the five CSS‐B dimensions may be factors of the same over‐arching construct. The CSS‐B factor structure displayed lower‐order and higher‐order configural and metric invariance across sites but not scalar invariance indicating that the intercepts/means were not consistent across sites. The CSS dimensions were positively related to measures of general anxiety and depression but not so strongly as to indicate that they are measuring the same construct. The CSS‐B scale is a valid measure of COVID‐19 stress among young adults. It is recommended that this shorter version of the scale be considered for use in longer surveys to avoid participant fatigue.
Exploiting the Iron Difluoride Electrochemistry by Constructing Hierarchical Electron Pathways and Cathode Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Liu Shuangxu , Chen Jingzhao , Su Yong , Zheng Chuanzuo , Zhu Dingding , Zhang Xuedong , Zhou Xiang , Ouyang Ren , Huang Quanwei , He Yunfei , Tang Liang , Li Shuai , Qiu Yuan , Wang Gang , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Liqiang , Huang Qiao , Huang Jianyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConversion‐type cathodes such as metal fluorides, especially FeF2 and FeF3, are potential candidates to replace intercalation cathodes for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. However, the application of iron fluorides is impeded by their poor electronic conductivity, iron/fluorine dissolution, and unstable cathode electrolyte interfaces (CEIs). A facile route to fabricate a mechanical strong electrode with hierarchical electron pathways for FeF2 nanoparticles is reported here. The FeF2/Li cell demonstrates remarkable cycle performances with a capacity of 300 mAh g−1 after a record long 4500 cycles at 1C. Meanwhile, a record stable high area capacity of over 6 mAh cm−2 is achieved. Furthermore, ultra‐high rate capabilities at 20C and 6C for electrodes with low and high mass loading, respectively, are attained. Advanced electron microscopy reveals the formation of stable CEIs. The results demonstrate that the construction of viable electronic connections and favorable CEIs are the key to boost the electrochemical performances of FeF2 cathode.
Regulated Li2S Deposition toward Rapid Kinetics Li‐S Batteries by a Separator Modified by CeO2‐Decorated Porous Carbon Nanostructure
Authors: Peng Lin , Zhang Mingkun , Zheng Liyuan , Yuan Qichong , Yu Zhanjiang , Shen Junhao , Chang Yu , Wang Yi , Li Aiju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the high‐energy‐density lithium sulfur (Li‐S) battery has been considered one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage technology, the practical applications have been plagued by the sluggish reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides intermediates. Here, to address the above issues, the authors report a novel separator modified by CeO2‐decorated porous carbon nanostructure (CeO2/KB/PP). Benefiting from the strong polar surface and large specific surface area, (CeO2‐doped Ketjen Black) delivers efficient chemical adsorption toward lithium polysulfides. Moreover, rich oxygen vacancies of CeO2 provide abundant active sites to expedite lithium polysulfides conversion and regulate deposition and nucleation of Li2S. Taking advantage of these merits, the battery with the CeO2/KB/PP separator exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, including low‐capacity decay of only 0.06% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C and superior rate capability of 627 mAh g‐1 at 3 C. Even with a high sulfur loading of 6.6 mg cm‐2, the battery can achieve a high areal capacity of 3.6 mAh cm‐2 after 100 cycles. This work provides a new application of rare‐earth‐based materials to facilitate Li‐S batteries.
A Battery Method to Enhance the Degradation of Iron Stent and Regulating the Effect on Living Cells
Authors: Yu Changchun , Liu Xiao , Zhang Jiahao , Chao Yunfeng , Jia Xiaoteng , Wang Caiyun , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIron is a promising material for cardiovascular stent applications, however, the low biodegradation rate presents a challenge. Here, a dynamic method to improve the degradation rate of iron and simultaneously deliver electrical energy that could potentially inhibit cell proliferation on the device is reported. It is realized by pairing iron with a biocompatible hydrogel cathode in a cell culture media‐based electrolyte forming an iron‐air battery. This system does not show cytotoxicity to human adipose‐stem cells over a period of 21 days but inhibits cell proliferation. The combination of enhanced iron degradation and inhibited cell proliferation by this dynamic method suggests it might be an approach for restenosis inhibition of biodegradable stents.
Idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis associated with ileocaecal and ileal obstruction in a 10‐year‐old warmblood gelding
Authors: Piketh Graeme , Henning Alischa , Smit Yolandi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, 600‐kg, warmblood gelding was referred due to persistent colic, non‐responsive to medical treatment. Diagnostic evaluation revealed abdominal distention, tachycardia and distended small intestines. Preoperative blood testing revealed an increased packed cell volume and normal total white cell count, whereas an abdominocentesis revealed raised peritoneal fluid lactate. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed a circumferential band of thickened tissue and hyperaemia in the distal jejunum, as well as marked wall thickening of the distal ileum and ileocaecal valve, leading to complete luminal obstruction. Due to financial constraints and complications associated with jejuno‐caecostomy, the owner requested the horse to be humanely euthanased. Postmortem examination findings revealed a circumferential constriction of the distal ileum and ileocaecal valve. Histopathology of the affected segments was characterised by a large population of eosinophils within the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis layers in conjunction with severe submucosal oedema. A diagnosis of idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis was made.
Reversible tetraplegia in a dog caused by a transoral penetrating stick injury
Authors: Buhmann Gesine , Steinberg Tanja , Fischer Andrea , Schöbel Jessica , Jurina Konrad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, male German shepherd dog was referred because of acute tetraplegia following endoscopic removal of stick fragments from the oral cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural T2W‐ and T1W‐hypointense linear structure within the vertebral canal at the level from the C1 to mid‐C2 cervical vertebral body, causing pronounced dorsolateral spinal cord compression and spinal cord oedema extending to the caudal end of the C2 vertebra. A dorsal laminectomy was performed at the level of the C1–C2 vertebra. Three wooden fragments with lengths of up to 4 cm, which were located adjacent to the spinal cord, were removed from the vertebral canal. The dog was still tetraplegic after surgery. Postoperative care consisted of analgesics, antibiotics, bladder management, intensive neurorehabilitation and physical therapy. Recovery of ambulation was regained 3 weeks after surgery.
Total knee arthroplasty improves sports activity and the patient-reported functional outcome at mid-term follow-up
Authors: Meena Amit , Hoser Christian , Abermann Elisabeth , Hepperger Caroline , Raj Akshya , Fink Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess (1) sports participation and preference for the type of sports activity after TKA, (2) mid-term functional outcome and activity level, (3) correlation of different age groups with activity level and functional outcomes, and (4) mid-term survivorship of the prosthesis.

Methods
A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. 182 patients were included who underwent primary TKA between January 2010 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria were symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, age 50–90 years, and with a minimum of 5-year follow-up after TKA. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and revision TKA were excluded. Sports participation and sports preference, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Tegner Activity Level, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain were recorded pre- and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years. The patient cohort was subdivided according to age groups; activity levels, patient-reported outcomes, and improvement in knee pain were correlated with these age groups. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to investigate survivorship at a minimum of 5 years.

Results
The mean age of the cohort was 75.6 ± 7.2 years (range 52–89). Significant improvement was noted in sports participation (p < 0.003). After TKA, there was no change in the preference for sports and none of the patients had to discontinue their sporting activity. OKS improved significantly at all follow-up time points compared to the preoperative score (p < .0001). Patients' sports and physical activity improved significantly at 1 year compared to the preoperative activity level (p < 0.001). Although the Tegner activity level improved over time, this improvement was not significant (NS), while it was significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.004). Significant improvement was found in the VAS for pain at all follow-up time points compared to the preoperative score (p < .0001). Survivorship was found to be 100% at a 5-year follow-up.

Conclusion
After TKA, patients can be able to return to sporting activity or even perform better than before surgery. Maximum improvement was noted in the first post-operative year. The male and younger groups perform better than the female and older groups. Sports and physical activity do not negatively impact survivorship of the knee prosthesis at mid-term follow-up and all patients are encouraged to take up sports participation after their TKA.

Level of evidence
Level 3.
Schoolyard Biodiversity Determines Short-Term Recovery of Disturbed Skin Microbiota in Children
Authors: Mills Jacob G. , Selway Caitlin A. , Thomas Torsten , Weyrich Laura S. , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCreating biodiverse urban habitat has been proposed, with growing empirical support, as an intervention for increasing human microbial diversity and reducing associated diseases. However, ecological understanding of urban biodiversity interventions on human skin microbiota remains limited. Here, we experimentally test the hypotheses that disturbed skin microbiota recover better in outdoor schoolyard environments and that greater biodiversity provides a greater response. Repeating the experiment three times, we disturbed skin microbiota of fifty-seven healthy 10-to-11-year-old students with a skin swab (i.e., cleaning), then exposed them to one school environment—either a ‘classroom’ (n = 20), ‘sports field’ (n = 14), or biodiverse ‘forest’ (n = 23)—for 45 min. Another skin swab followed the exposure to compare ‘before’ and ‘after’ microbial communities. After 45 min, the disturbance immediately followed by outdoor exposure, especially the ‘forest’, had an enriching and diversifying effect on skin microbiota, while ‘classroom’ exposure homogenised inter-personal variability. Each effect compounded over consecutive days indicating longer-term exposure outcomes. The experimental disturbance also reduced the core skin microbiota, and only outdoor environments were able to replenish lost species richness to core membership (n species > 50% prevalent). Overall, we find that environmental setting, especially including biodiversity, is important in human microbiota recovery periods and that the outdoors provide resilience to skin communities. This work also has implications for the inclusion of short periods of outside or forest exposure in school scheduling. Future investigations of the health impacts of permanent urban biodiversity interventions are needed.
Effect of theobromine on dissolution of uric acid kidney stones
Authors: Julià Francesca , Costa-Bauza Antonia , Berga Francisco , Grases Felix 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Uric acid renal lithiasis has a high prevalence and a high rate of recurrence. Removal of uric acid stones can be achieved by several surgical techniques (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, endoscopy, laparoscopy, open surgery). These stones can also be eliminated by dissolution within the kidneys, because the solubility of uric acid is much greater when the pH is above 6. At present, N-acetylcysteine with a urinary basifying agent is the only treatment proposed to increase the dissolution of uric acid stones. In this paper, we compare the effect of theobromine and N-acetylcysteine on the in vitro dissolution of uric acid calculi in artificial urine at pH 6.5.

Methods
The dissolution of uric acid renal calculi was performed in a temperature-controlled (37 °C) chamber. A peristaltic pump was used to pass 750 mL of synthetic urine (pH 6.5) through a capsule every 24 h. Stone dissolution was evaluated by measuring the change in weight before and after each experiment.

Results
N-acetylcysteine increased the dissolution of uric acid calculi, but the effect was not statistically significant. Theobromine significantly increased the dissolution of uric acid calculi. Both substances together had the same effect as theobromine alone. The addition of theobromine to a basifying therapy that uses citrate and/or bicarbonate is a potential new strategy for the oral chemolysis of uric acid stones.

Conclusion
Theobromine may prevent the formation of new stones and increase the dissolution of existing stones.
Scaling limits for planar aggregation with subcritical fluctuations
Authors: Norris James , Silvestri Vittoria , Turner Amanda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study scaling limits of a family of planar random growth processes in which clusters grow by the successive aggregation of small particles. In these models, clusters are encoded as a composition of conformal maps and the location of each successive particle is distributed according to the density of harmonic measure on the cluster boundary, raised to some power. We show that, when this power lies within a particular range, the macroscopic shape of the cluster converges to a disk, but that as the power approaches the edge of this range the fluctuations approach a critical point, which is a limit of stability. The methodology developed in this paper provides a blueprint for analysing more general random growth models, such as the Hastings-Levitov family.
Consistent pressure Poisson splitting methods for incompressible multi-phase flows: eliminating numerical boundary layers and inf-sup compatibility restrictions
Authors: Pacheco Douglas R. Q. , Schussnig Richard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor their simplicity and low computational cost, time-stepping schemes decoupling velocity and pressure are highly popular in incompressible flow simulations. When multiple fluids are present, the additional hyperbolic transport equation in the system makes it even more advantageous to compute different flow quantities separately. Most splitting methods, however, induce spurious pressure boundary layers or compatibility restrictions on how to discretise pressure and velocity. Pressure Poisson methods, on the other hand, overcome these issues by relying on a fully consistent problem to compute the pressure from the velocity field. Additionally, such pressure Poisson equations can be tailored so as to indirectly enforce incompressibility, without requiring solenoidal projections. Although these schemes have been extended to problems with variable viscosity, constant density is still a fundamental assumption in existing formulations. In this context, the main contribution of this work is to reformulate consistent splitting methods to allow for variable density, as arising in two-phase flows. We present a strong formulation and a consistent weak form allowing standard finite element spaces. For the temporal discretisation, backward differentiation formulas are used to decouple pressure, velocity and density, yielding iteration-free steps. The accuracy of our framework is showcased through a wide variety of numerical examples, considering manufactured and benchmark solutions, equal-order and mixed finite elements, first- and second-order stepping, as well as flows with one, two or three phases.
Evaluation of a sampling approach for computationally efficient uncertainty quantification in regression learning models
Authors: Freschi Valerio , Lattanzi Emanuele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe capability of effectively quantifying the uncertainty associated to a given prediction is an important task in many applications that range from drug design to autonomous driving, providing valuable information to many downstream decision-making processes. The increasing capacity of novel machine learning models, and the growing amount of data on which these systems are trained poses however significant issues to be addressed. Recent research advocated the need for evaluating learning systems not only according to traditional accuracy metrics but also according to the computational complexity required to design them, toward a perspective of sustainability and inclusivity. In this work, we present an empirical investigation aimed at assessing the impact of uniform sampling on the reduction in computational requirements, the quality of regression, and on its uncertainty quantification. We performed several experiments with recent state-of-the-art methods characterized by statistical guarantees whose performances have been measured according to different metrics for evaluating uncertainty quantification (i.e., coverage and length of prediction intervals) and regression (i.e., errors measures and correlation). Experimental results highlight possible interesting trade-offs between computation time, regression and uncertainty evaluation quality, thus confirming the viability of sampling-based approaches to overcome computational bottlenecks without significantly affecting the quality of predictions.