bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the rising tide of Nigerian migrants to the West—A policy vacuum or a structural challenge?
Authors: Okeke‐Ihejirika Philomina , Odimegwu Ike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis analysis explores the growing attraction of migrants to destinations perceived as better pastures as well as the roots and consequences of international migration, especially for irregular migrants. The findings of two focus group discussions with Nigerian scholars, policymakers, service providers, and members of society suggest: (1) public policy on international migration should consider the social, political, and economic challenges that render many Africans desperate to leave the continent regardless of the harsh realities awaiting them along the way or in a new homeland; (2) given the fundamental rights of individuals to migrate, it is crucial that relevant information about the realities of life in Western host societies (especially newer destinations such as Canada) be made available in immigrant‐sending regions, such as Africa; and (3) efforts to engage the new African diaspora should also prioritize their active participation in building equitable societies in their countries of origin.
Impact of obesity on acute complications of catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Schenker Niklas , von Blumenthal Flurina , Hakmi Samer , Lemes Christine , Mathew Shibu , Rottner Laura , Wohlmuth Peter , Reißmann Bruno , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas , Willems Stephan , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Maurer Tilman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of obesity is increasing. However, data on the periprocedural complication rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in patients stratified by body mass index (BMI) are scarce.MethodsThis study included 1000 consecutive patients (age 62.0 ± 14.4 years) undergoing catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmia. The primary study endpoint was any periprocedural major complication (cardiac tamponade, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, transient ischemic attack, stroke, valve damage, myocardial infarction, or death).ResultsThe mean BMI was 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2 and the majority of patients were overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, 43.4%). A BMI of 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 (Class I obesity) was present in 177 (17.7%) of patients, a BMI of 35.0–39.9 kg/m2 (Class II obesity) in 67 (6.7%), and a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (Class III obesity) in 16 (1.6%). There were 31 major complications (3.1%) and one fatality (0.1%) due to terminal heart failure in a patient undergoing palliative ventricular tachycardia ablation. There was no significant impact of the BMI on the rate of major complications (p = .495). Compared to normal weight patients, odds ratios for complications in overweight patients, as well as Class I, II, and III obesity were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 1.7), 1.3 (CI: 0.6, 2.6), 1.4 (CI: 0.5, 4.1), and 1.6 (CI: 0.4, 6.3), respectively. Radiation exposure and procedure duration were significantly increased in obese patients (p < .001 and p = .001, respectively).ConclusionIn this study, obesity did not have a significant impact on the incidence of periprocedural complications after CA for cardiac arrhythmia.
Time point of nocturnal trough systolic blood pressure as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events
Authors: Zhu Jing , Hao Xiwa , Tang Hefei , Xu Jie , Wang Anxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Yongjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNocturnal trough systolic blood pressure (NTSBP) and Time Point of Nocturnal Trough Systolic Blood Pressure (T‐NTSBP) were important parameters of nocturnal blood pressure, the predictive values of which are unclear for stroke outcome. This study aimed to examine the relationship between NTSBP/T‐NTSBP and stroke outcome. The authors used data from a nationwide ambulatory blood pressure monitoring cohort study conducted in China, which recruited 2348 ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. NTSBP was defined as the lowest SBP during nighttime (22:00–6:00), and T‐NTSBP was defined as the corresponding time point of NTSBP. The associations between NTSBP/T‐NTSBP and stroke outcome (stroke recurrence and combined vascular event [CVE]) at 90 days or 1 year were analyzed using cox regression models. According to NTSBP classified by quartile, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for NTSBP quartile 4 (>129 mm Hg) was 2.727 (1.148–6.478) for CVE at 90‐day, compared with quartile 1 (≤102 mm Hg). However, an attenuated association between NTSBP and CVE was observed at 1 year. In addition, we observed the group of T‐NTSBP at 4:00–6:00 had a lowest CVE incidence at 90 days among four groups (22:00–23:59, 00:00–1:59 2:00–3:59, 4:00–6:00). After multivariable adjustment, T‐NTSBP was significantly associated with CVE incidence at 90 days (T‐NTSBP at the 4:00–6:00 versus the 22:00–23:59 group: HR, 0.433; 95%CI, 0.190–0.986), independent of NTSBP and average nocturnal SBP. Both of NTSBP and T‐NTSBP were important predictors for short‐term cardiovascular risk in ischemic stroke and TIA patients.
CEO overconfidence and debt covenant violations
Authors: Lartey Theophilus , Danso Albert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examine how the level of chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence might affect a borrowing firm's ex ante covenant intensity and ex post covenant violations. We find that overconfident CEOs are less effective in steering the firm away from unfavorable opportunistic behavior, and hence creditors include more stringent covenant restrictions in the loan contracts of their firms. The interpretational bias and other positive illusions of overconfident CEOs coupled with the more stringent and/or greater number of stringent ex ante covenants lead to a greater likelihood of covenant violation. These results remain robust after accounting for potential endogeneity issues through various techniques. Ex post tests reveal that firms with more confident CEOs are more likely to violate loan covenants after controlling for covenant intensity. We also find that overconfident CEOs can mitigate the incidence of covenant violations, but only among loans to lower rated (non‐investment‐grade) borrowers and revolving lines of credit where benefits of effective monitoring are most pronounced.
American College of Nurse‐Midwives Clinical Bulletin Number 18: Induction of Labor
Authors:   American College of Nurse‐Midwives, Carlson Nicole Smith , Dunn Amore Alexis , Ellis Jessica Ann , Page Katie , Schafer Robyn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInduction of labor is an increasingly common component of intrapartum care in the United States. This rise is fueled by a nationwide escalation in both medically indicated and elective inductions at or beyond term, supported by recent research showing some benefits of induction over expectant management. However, induction of labor medicalizes the birth experience and may lead to a complex cascade of interventions. The purpose of this Clinical Bulletin is twofold: (1) to guide clinicians on the use of person‐centered decision‐making when discussing induction of labor and (2) to review evidence‐based practice recommendations for intrapartum midwifery care during labor induction.
A Comparison of the Surface and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Denture‐Base Resin Material and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Authors: Al‐Dwairi Ziad N. , Al Haj Ebrahim Abdulkareem A. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the surface and mechanical properties of 3D printed denture‐base resin materials and compare them with conventional heat‐cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).Materials and methodsThree brands of 3D printed denture‐base resin materials and one conventional heat‐cured PMMA were tested in this study: NextDent 3D printed resin, Dentona 3D printed resin, ASIGA 3D printed resin, and Meliodent conventional PMMA. Sixty specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=15 per group) to perform the following tests: wettability, surface roughness, and microhardness. One hundred twenty specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=30 per group) and stored in distilled water at (37 ±1°C) for 7 days. Specimens (N = 15) in each group were subjected to the three‐point bending test and impact strength test, employing the Charpy configuration on un‐notched specimens. The morphology of the fractured specimens was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐pairwise multiple comparisons with 95% confidence interval. P‐values of ≤0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe conventional heat‐cured specimens demonstrated the highest means of surface roughness (0.23 ± 0.07 μm), Vickers hardness number (18.11 ±0.65) and flexural strength (92.44 ±7.91 MPa), and the lowest mean of contact angle (66.71° ±3.38°). ASIGA group showed the highest mean of contact angle (73.44° ±2.74°) and the lowest mean of surface roughness (0.19 ±0.03 μm). The highest mean of impact strength was recorded in the Dentona group (17.98 ±1.76 kg/m2). NextDent specimens showed the lowest means of Vickers hardness number (16.20 ±0.93), flexural strength (74.89 ±8.44 MPa), impact strength (15.20 ±0.69 kg/m2), and recorded the highest mean of bending modulus (2,115.80 ±178.95 MPa).Conclusions3D printed resin exhibited noticeable differences in surface and mechanical properties between different brands and with conventional heat‐polymerized PMMA.
The use of haemodialysis plastic cannula in prevalent patients with kidney failure: A feasibility crossover randomised trial study
Authors: Smith Vicki , Schoch Monica , (Andie) Xu Qunyan , Bennett Paul N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHaemodialysis plastic cannulae have been limited to incident arterio‐venous fistulae cannulation or in those who require a more flexible in situ access device. The feasibility of plastic cannulae in prevalent patients on haemodialysis has not been reported.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of plastic cannulae in prevalent haemodialysis patients.DesignProspective feasibility crossover randomised control trial.ParticipantsAdults diagnosed with chronic kidney disease G5 requiring haemodialysis three or more times per week via a native arteriovenous fistula previously cannulated for at least 6 weeks.MeasurementsCannulation success rate, cannulation manipulation type, arterial and venous needle pressure. Patient needle‐related anxiety as measured by the 4‐item Patient Health Questionnaire and Meditation in Dialysis Questionnaire and nurse satisfaction.ResultsEight patients completed 12 weeks plastic canulae and metal needles. Plastic cannulae were less likely to be successful in cannulation compared to metal needles (odds ratio = 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.48; p = 0.001). There was no effect of type of needle on the change in arterial needle pressure or change in venous needle pressure and no effect of plastic needle on repositioning (relative risk [RR] = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.385, 3.089; p = .871) or gauze pillow application (RR = 0.936; 95% CI: 0.467, 1.874; p = .851) than metal needles, relative to no manipulation. There were low rates of psychological distress or needle‐related anxiety towards plastic or metal needles.ConclusionsPlastic cannulae are feasible in prevalent haemodialysis patients, however, metal needles are still preferred in a haemodialysis center that has historically used metal needles.
Using texture analyzer to characterize pecan and olive oil tactile properties, compare to viscometer analysis, and link to fatty acid profile and total polyphenols
Authors: Davila Mindy , Liu Xuejun , Yusufali Zahra , Du Xiaofen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize mechanical properties of five pecan oils and one olive oil using a texture analyzer compared to a rotational viscometer; the results were linked to fatty acid profile and total polyphenol content. The seven texture parameters (firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, viscosity index, and stickiness at 5 s, stickiness at 30 s, and delta stickiness) showed significant difference (p ≤.05) among the six oils. Overall, olive oil had higher texture analysis values and significantly higher rotational viscosity than pecan oils. Chemically, C18 fatty acids accounted for approximately 90% of the total fatty acids in the five pecan oils. Olive oil had a higher amount of long‐chain, unsaturated fatty acids. Total polyphenols in pecan oils were 8–15 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g, while olive oil contained 27.2 mg GAE/100 g. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant, positive relationship between “consistency” texture and rotational viscosity measurement. Mechanical properties (seven texture parameters and rotational viscosity) were partially correlated to fatty acid profile, though no universal pattern was identified.
The roles of recombination and selection in shaping genomic divergence in an incipient ecological species complex
Authors: Wersebe Matthew J. , Sherman Ryan E. , Jeyasingh Punidan D. , Weider Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpeciation genomic studies have revealed that genomes of diverging lineages are shaped jointly by the actions of gene flow and selection. These evolutionary forces acting in concert with processes such as recombination and genome features such as gene density shape a mosaic landscape of divergence. We investigated the roles of recombination and gene density in shaping the patterns of differentiation and divergence between the cyclically parthenogenetic ecological sister‐taxa, Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia pulex. First, we assembled a phased chromosome‐scale genome assembly using trio‐binning for D. pulicaria and constructed a genetic map using an F2‐intercross panel to understand sex‐specific recombination rate heterogeneity. Finally, we used a ddRADseq data set with broad geographic sampling of D. pulicaria, D. pulex, and their hybrids to understand the patterns of genome‐scale divergence and demographic parameters. Our study provides the first sex‐specific estimates of recombination rates for a cyclical parthenogen, and unlike other eukaryotic species, we observed male‐biased heterochiasmy in D. pulicaria, which may be related to this somewhat unique breeding mode. Additionally, regions of high gene density and recombination are generally more divergent than regions of suppressed recombination. Outlier analysis indicated that divergent genomic regions are probably driven by selection on D. pulicaria, the derived lineage colonizing a novel lake habitat. Together, our study supports a scenario of selection acting on genes related to local adaptation shaping genome‐wide patterns of differentiation despite high local recombination rates in this species complex. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our data in light of demographic uncertainty.
Deep learning‐based diagnosis models for onychomycosis in dermoscopy
Authors: Zhu Xianzhong , Zheng Bowen , Cai Wenying , Zhang Jing , Lu Sha , Li Xiqing , Xi Liyan , Kong Yinying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is a common disease. Emerging noninvasive, real‐time techniques such as dermoscopy and deep convolutional neural networks have been proposed for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. However, deep learning application in dermoscopic images has not been reported.ObjectivesTo explore the establishment of deep learning‐based diagnostic models for onychomycosis in dermoscopy to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.MethodsWe evaluated the dermoscopic patterns of onychomycosis diagnosed at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China, from May 2019 to February 2021 and included nail psoriasis and traumatic onychodystrophy as control groups. Based on the dermoscopic images and the characteristic dermoscopic patterns of onychomycosis, we gain the faster region‐based convolutional neural networks to distinguish between nail disorder and normal nail, onychomycosis and non‐mycological nail disorder (nail psoriasis and traumatic onychodystrophy). The diagnostic performance is compared between deep learning‐based diagnosis models and dermatologists.ResultsAll of 1,155 dermoscopic images were collected, including onychomycosis (603 images), nail psoriasis (221 images), traumatic onychodystrophy (104 images) and normal cases (227 images). Statistical analyses revealed subungual keratosis, distal irregular termination, longitudinal striae, jagged edge, and marble‐like turbid area, and cone‐shaped keratosis were of high specificity (>82%) for onychomycosis diagnosis. The deep learning‐based diagnosis models (ensemble model) showed test accuracy /specificity/ sensitivity /Youden index of (95.7%/98.8%/82.1%/0.809) and (87.5%/93.0%/78.5%/0.715) for nail disorder and onychomycosis. The diagnostic performance for onychomycosis using ensemble model was superior to 54 dermatologists.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that onychomycosis had distinctive dermoscopic patterns, compared with nail psoriasis and traumatic onychodystrophy. The deep learning‐based diagnosis models showed a diagnostic accuracy of onychomycosis, superior to dermatologists.
Prevention of central line‐associated bloodstream infections: ICU nurses' knowledge and barriers
Authors: Badparva Bita , Ghanbari Atefeh , Karkhah Samad , Osuji Joseph , Kazemnejad leyli Ehsan , Jafaraghaee Fateme 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) have been a significant challenge in care, increasing healthcare costs and leading to adverse outcomes, including mortality.AimThe present study aimed to assess the knowledge of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses on the prevention of CLABSI and the implementation barriers of evidence‐based guidelines in practice.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from adult, paediatric, and neonatal ICU nurses working in seven hospitals in Iran, using census sampling from April to July 2020.ResultsA number 209 out of 220 ICU nurses participated in the present study (response rate of 95%). The median score of knowledge of ICU nurses towards the prevention of CLABSI was 3.00 out of 11. 50.72% of ICU nurses had insufficient knowledge. The most critical implementation barriers of evidence‐based guidelines were high workload, shortage of necessary equipment, and lack of CLABSI prevention workshops.ConclusionsOverall, the knowledge of ICU nurses towards the prevention of CLABSI was insufficient. Study findings suggest that the knowledge of ICU nurses may be improved by reducing the workload, increasing the number of nursing staff in the ICU, having an adequate supply of equipment needed to ensure safe practice in the ICU, and providing regular related educational workshops for nurses working in the ICU.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe present study's findings suggest that regular training programs should be developed to improve the knowledge of ICU nurses in the care and prevention of CLABSI. Nursing policymakers and managers need to identify and address implementation barriers of evidence‐based guidelines to improve nursing, such as high workload, shortage of necessary equipment, and lack of CLABSI prevention workshops.
Plant–microbiome interactions under a changing world: responses, consequences and perspectives
Authors: Trivedi Pankaj , Batista Bruna D. , Bazany Kathryn E. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryClimate change is increasing global temperatures and the frequency and severity of droughts in many regions. These anthropogenic stresses pose a significant threat to plant performance and crop production. The plant‐associated microbiome modulates the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on plant fitness. However, climate change‐induced alteration in composition and activities of plant microbiomes can affect host functions. Here, we highlight recent advancements in our understanding of the impact of climate change (warming and drought) on plant–microbiome interactions and on their ecological functions from genome to ecosystem scales. We identify knowledge gaps, propose new concepts and make recommendations for future research directions. It is proposed that in the short term (years to decades), the adaptation of plants to climate change is mainly driven by the plant microbiome, whereas in the long term (century to millennia), the adaptation of plants will be driven equally by eco‐evolutionary interactions between the plant microbiome and its host. A better understanding of the response of the plant and its microbiome interactions to climate change and the ways in which microbiomes can mitigate the negative impacts will better inform predictions of climate change impacts on primary productivity and aid in developing management and policy tools to improve the resilience of plant systems.
Profiling of plasma‐derived exosomal RNA expression in patients with periodontitis: A pilot study
Authors: Kwon Eun Jung , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Woo Bok Hee , Joo Ji‐Young , Kim Yun Hak , Park Hae Ryoun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to profile differentially expressed (DE) exosomal RNAs in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients and compare their levels before and after treatment.Materials and methodsPlasma samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis (pre‐/post‐periodontal treatment) were collected for this case–control study. After isolation of exosomes from the plasma, the RNA was extracted and small RNA sequencing was performed (3 healthy samples, 4 pre‐treatment samples, and 5 post‐treatment samples). Two‐way analyses were conducted according to the treatment status in the periodontitis group, unpaired analysis (grouping as pre‐/post‐treatment) and paired analysis (matching pre‐ and post‐treatment in the same subject). The DE exosomal RNAs were screened by sequencing and visualized using the R software. Gene Ontology analysis was performed, and target genes were identified.ResultsIn both paired and unpaired analyses, two DE microRNAs (DEmiRs; miR‐1304‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p) and two DE small nucleolar RNAs (DEsnoRs; SNORD57 and SNODB1771) were common, and they were found to be downregulated during periodontitis and recovered to healthy levels after treatment. The top three target genes (NR3C1, GPR158, and CNN3) commonly regulated by DEmiRs were identified.ConclusionsPlasma‐derived exosomal miRs (miR‐1304‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p) and snoRs (SNORD57 and SNODB1771) could be valuable biomarkers for periodontitis.
Price, income and exchange rate asymmetric elasticities of oil consumption in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain
Authors: Uche Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dynamic relationship between oil price variations, changing income, exchange rate deviations and oil consumption has preoccupied the minds of many energy researchers albeit contradicting submissions. On this note, this study seeks to evaluate the possible asymmetric impact of the aforementioned variables on oil consumption in selected European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain between 2000Q1 and 2018Q4. To that effect, after ascertaining the existence of cointegration, the study applied the nonlinear ARDL technique in evaluating the asymmetric effects of oil price, income and exchange rate on oil consumption in these countries. The cointegration tests reveals a long‐run relationship among the variables in all the countries. Also discovered is an asymmetric pass‐through from oil prices to oil consumption in Portugal, Ireland and Spain. Whereas in Ireland, Italy and Spain, an asymmetric relationship exists between oil consumption and national income, while asymmetric effects flow from the exchange rate to oil consumption in Ireland and Spain. Therefore, to ensure optimal resource allocations in these countries, the existence of asymmetric effects must not be taken for granted. Meanwhile, a one‐size‐fits‐all strategy may not yield the expected results in these countries.