bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of add-on cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-TDCS) over pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized sham controlled study
Authors: Mukherjee A. , Praharaj S. , Rai S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with OCD often show unsatisfactory response to first-line treatment, giving rise to a need for novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies using tDCS for OCD treatment have shown promise.ObjectivesTo assess efficacy and safety of add-on c-tDCS over pre-SMA compared to sham stimulation in patients with OCD.MethodsIn this double-blinded study, fourteen patients with OCD were randomized to receive 10 sessions of either active (Cathode over pre-SMA, anode over right deltoid, 2mA, 20 minutes per session, 2 sessions per day, 2 hours apart) or sham tDCS. YBOCS, HAM-D, HAM-A, CGI, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop Test were administered at baseline, post-tDCS, and 1 month post-tDCS.ResultsGroup×time interaction effect for YBOCS scores with Repeated Measures ANOVA was not statistically significant, however, reduction in scores in active group was higher, with large effect size (YBOCS scores: Obsessions-ηp2=.344, Compulsions-ηp2= .384, Total-ηp2=.392) (Fig.1 & 2). At 1 month, 42.9% patients in active group and none in sham group showed response. CGI-S score (p=0.016, ηp2=.531) (Fig. 3) and four parameters of WCST (Perseverative responses:p=0.038, ηp2=.448;Percent perseverative responses:p=0.026, ηp2=.485;Percent perseverative errors:p=0.038, ηp2=.447;Trials to complete first category:p=0.011, ηp2=.563) significantly reduced in active group. No significant difference in change in depressive and anxiety symptoms between groups, or change in Stroop Test performance was noted. Adverse effects included transient headache and tingling sensation.ConclusionsCathodal tDCS over pre-SMA may be effective in reduction of obsessions, compulsions, illness severity, and enhancing cognitive flexibility in patients with OCD, with no major adverse effects. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Phase space dynamics of eye-movement deficits in psychiatric patients
Authors: Col S. Dal , Bolzani R. , Benassi M. , Sant’Angelo R. , Raggini R. , Piraccini G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEye movement deficits in psychiatric patients have often been investigated with linear models, which fail to fully capture the complex dynamics characterizing eye movements.ObjectivesThe present work aims to investigate the deficits in fixational eye movements in psychiatric patients according as non-linear chaotic dynamic.MethodsWe recruited 191 patients (91 males, average age 45 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and personality disorder. The control sample consisted of 22 healthy subjects (12 males, mean age 41 years). Fixational eye movements were recorded with the Eytribe infrared system and off-line analyzed using Matlab. The dynamics of fixation eye movements were investigated using a phase space graph, which refers to chaotic system analysis. This analysis allows to evaluate how the changes in space during fixation as a function of their speed.ResultsA major difference emerged: psychiatric patients showed larger and faster eye movements gravitating around a single point of density, while control subjects exhibited slower and smaller eye movements with multiple drifts and microtremors.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the dynamics of fixational eye movements in psychiatric patients seemed to be characterized by poorer efficiency in space exploration. These differences could be attributed to a worse coordination between the perceptual and the oculomotor system.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
EFPA Perspective
Authors: Steinebach C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychologically, the question of profession-specific instruments and tools is not trivial. A profession is characterized by specific knowledge. Knowledge is regarded as part of professional competencies: What is done? How is something done? Why is something done? Knowledge and skills are acquired through specific training and continuing education.ObjectivesProfessional knowledge is represented in a specific language. In addition, standards and regulations apply to differentiate it from other professions. Different languages and special professional regulations make cooperation more difficult. These obstacles must be overcome.MethodsInstruments stand for professional identity. Competence-based tools are subject to professional legal regulations (e.g. following standards defined by EuroPsy Certificate of EFPA), ethical guidelines of the profession (professional ethics according to EFPA Meta-Code of Ethics) and external guidelines for professional practice (e.g. national and EU regulations). This ensures patient safety through Europe-wide standards. The investigation of profession-specific profiles and their modification, also under the conditions of the pandemic, becomes important.ResultsProfessional instruments are protected by professional political boundaries. Profession-specific profiles are also an invitation to “coopetition”. While differentiation tends to lead to complementary mission fulfillment in practice, openness leads to a “spill-over of skills” in interdisciplinary practice. Alignment of competence profiles and cooperation are encouraged.ConclusionThe future certainly lies in closer cooperation between the professions. The search for fundamental common ground (consilience), for effective and sustainable interventions (efficiency) and the demand for evidence-based practice (according to common ethical standards) place the well-founded benefit of an instrument for clients above any other interests.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Early screening of autism spectrum disorder in general and pediatric practices, nurseries and early child care centers: Kitcat french study protocol using a two-stage procedure
Authors: Marignier S. , Touil N. , Subtil F. , Jani M. El , Mardirossian S. , Gaillard S. , Kassai B. , Sonie S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEarly screening of children at-risk to develop Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) needs to be improved to propose early interventions. This detection should allow diagnosis of ASD before the age of 3. An early screening performed at the general practitioner of the family should facilitate accessibility to diagnosis and a better collaboration between professionals.ObjectivesOur primary objective is to estimate the positive predictive value of an early detection kit composed of 2 questionnaires (First screening: M-CHAT-R/F™ + CSBS DP™-ITC) and a confirmation of the detection with a phone call by a neuropsychologist. Patients with confirmed positive M-CHAT-R/F™ and/or CSBS DP™-ITC scores are referred to a level 2 team for pre-diagnosis and diagnosis assessment.MethodsThe KitCAT study is a cohort study of 1,700 children aged 16 to 24 months seen in routine care in general or pediatric practices, or in nurseries and child care centers.ResultsSeven hundred and five children have already been enrolled in the study. Twenty nine patients, ie 4.1%, (with a confirmed positive M-CHAT-R/F™ and/or CSBS DP™-ITC scores) were referred to a level 2 team where a pre-diagnosis assessment was conducted by using the following test: ADI-R, ADOS 2, BLR, WPPSI-IV and Vineland II. The diagnosis of ASD (using the same test than the pre-diagnosis) was confirmed for the first two patients aged of 3.ConclusionsThe preliminary results confirm that the use of 2 questionnaires may optimize the reliability of the screening. A thousand children are still needed for the final analysis and further results are expected.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Addiction
Authors: Bramness J. 
Published: February 2022

Addictionwhat did we learn in 2020? Every year several thousand scientific papers on alcohol, drugs, and nicotine are published. The picking of five papers must obviously be arbitrary and subjective. However, the scientific literature of 2020 cannot be regarded without acknowledging the many papers concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Some studies on alcohol, drug, and nicotine show a small increase, some a small decrease, but many no change. The addiction consequences of the pandemic and the societal lockdowns may thus be less dramatic than feared. This is true even if many papers reported higher mental distress during the pandemic and there is a close relationship between mental distress and substance use, a relationship that has been further confirmed in studies from the past year. Furthermore, a review concerning the addictive potential of cannabis has further alarmed us of the current liberalization also affecting Europe. A new figure of “1 in 3” cannabis users getting hooked may possibly replace the old “1 in 10”. Furthermore, the year has brought even more solid knowledge of the transition from substance-induced psychosis (SIP) to schizophrenia, teaching psychiatrists in acute psychiatry an important lesson on how to view SIP. As many as 1 in 3 patients with SIP will eventually receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, making SIP the most powerful risk factor for schizophrenia known. Lastly, the lecture will present a very novel and unexpected finding regarding alcohol elimination, that may change how we treat intoxications with different alcohols.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Distinct alternations of brain functional network dynamics in obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Luo L. , Yang Y. , Gong Q. , Li F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are both severe psychiatric disorders. Though these two disorders have distinct typical symptoms, there are partial polygenic overlap and comorbidity between the two disorders. However, few studies have explored the shared and disorder-specific brain function underlying the neural pathophysiology of the two disorders, especially in the aspect of dynamics.ObjectivesTo explore the abnormal characteristics of the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in OCD and SZ as well as the association between dFC metrics and symptom severity.MethodsThe resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 31 patients with OCD, 49 patients with SZ, and 45 healthy controls were analyzed using independent component analysis to obtain independent components (ICs) and assigned them into eight brain networks (Figure 1), then used the sliding-window approach to generate dFC matrices. Using k-means clustering, we obtained three reoccurring dFC states (Figure 2), and state transition metrics were obtainedResultsIn a sparsely connected state (state 1), SZ showed both increased fractional time and mean dwell time than controls (P=0.047 and P=0.033) and OCD (P=0.001 and P=0.003). In a state characterized by negative FC between networks (state 2), OCD showed both increased fractional time and mean dwell time than controls (P=0.032 and P=0.013) and SZ (P=0.005 and P=0.003). Moreover, the fractional time of state 2 was positively correlated with anxiety scores in OCD (r=0.535, P=0.021, FDR corrected) (Figure 3).ConclusionsOCD and SZ patients showed distinct alternations of brain functional dynamics.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Interrelation of visual and olfactory impairments in schizophrenia
Authors: Tumova M. , Karpinskaya V. , Bezgacheva E. , Muslimova L. , Bigday E. , Ivanov M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn schizophrenia, there are disorders in all sensory modalities, but the regularities of their occurrence, their pathogenesis and attitude towards cognitive functions are not sufficiently studied.ObjectivesExamine the interrelation between the dysfunctions in different analysers (olfactory and visual) and their dependence on the duration of the disease and the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficit in schizophrenic patients (F20 according to ICD 10 criteria).MethodsAll subjects were determined the threshold of olfactory sensitivity to n-butanol, the ability to discriminate against odors and the amount of error in comparing the same sections. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the BACS scale.ResultsThe inverse correlation between the value of the visual assessment error and the reduction of the threshold of olfactory sensitivity (r=- 0.56; p < 0.05) and the inverse correlation between the value of the visual assessment error and the ability to discriminate smells (0.64; p < 0.05) were revealed. There are no significant correlations between the duration of the disease and sensory disturbances. Olfactory and visual disturbances in schizophrenic patients were connected with cognitive functions ((r=-0,62; p< 0,05 and r=-0,84, p< 0,001 accordingly).ConclusionsThe data confirm that sensory impairments have a common pathogenesis and are closely related to cognitive deficits. Sensory and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may be the result of top-down regulation failure.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self - evaluation of social adaptation in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Khamina V. , Kornetova E. , Kornetov A. , Goncharova A. , Boiko A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is an often co-occurring condition that occurs during antipsychotic therapy and impairs social functioningObjectivesWe tried to conduct a self - evaluation of social adaptation in patients with schizophrenia and MSMethodsWe examined 150 patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic therapy at the clinics of Mental Health Research Institute. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation 18-15-00011. The IDF criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. We used «The social adaptation self - evaluation scale» (SASS).Results63 patients (42%) had MS and 87 patients (58%) did not. In the subgroup of patients with MS, 59 people (93.65%) had disabilities or were unemployed, in the group without MS - 82 (94.26%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p ≥ 0.05). In the patients with schizophrenia and concomitant MS, the median SSAS scores was 35 [29; 39], which corresponds mainly to a high level of self - evaluation of social adaptation. At the same time, in patients with schizophrenia and without MS, on the contrary, the self - evaluation of social adaptation was 30 [23; 38] points (p = 0.03914). Perhaps this is due to the great attention from relatives and doctors of general somatic practice and the primary medical network in connection with the risk of developing severe somatic pathology.ConclusionsPatients with MS can give a higher assessment of social adaptation, despite a objectively low social status.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis
Authors: González-Ortega I. , Alberich-Mesa S. , Echeburúa E. , Bernardo M. , Cabrera B. , Amoretti S. , Lobo A. , Arango C. , Corripio I. , Vieta E. , De La Serna E. , Rodriguez-Jimenez R. , Segarra R. , López-Ilundain J.M. , Sánchez-Torres A. , Cuesta M. , González-Pinto A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSocial cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.MethodsThe sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.ResultsAt baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (−10.215 to −0.337) and (−4.731 to −0.605) respectively).ConclusionsCognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.DisclosureThis work was supported by the Carlos III Institute of Health and European Fund for Regional Development (PI08/1213, PI11/ 01977, PI14/01900, PI08/01026, PI11/02831, PI14/01621, PI08/1161, PI16/ 00359, PI16/01164, PI18/00805), the Basque Foundation for He
Lep gene and leptin concentration in serum of schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Boiko A. , Pozhidaev I. , Paderina D. , Kornetova E. , Ivanova S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is associated with lower life expectancy due to cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) occupies an important place among the main problems. Indicators of hormones regulating metabolism may be appealing candidates as biomarkers of metabolic side-effects. Certain role belongs to genetic factors that might be the basis of sensitivity to development of MetS.ObjectivesThe aim is to study polymorphisms of leptin gene (LEP) and serum leptin concentration in schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome.MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent, patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) were included: 91 patients for biochemical research and 463 patients for genotyping. Patients were divided into two groups: 46 (119) with MetS; 45 (344) without it. Concentration of leptin was measured on an analyzer MAGPIX (Luminex, USA). Determination of 4 polymorphisms (rs2167270, rs3828942, rs10954173, rs4731426) of LEP was performed by PCR. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05.ResultsThe leptin concentration is significantly (p<0.001) higher in MetS (13511.5 [7392.5; 28278.75] pg/ml) compared to patients without MetS (6662 [2131.5; 11380] pg/ml). Significant differences were found in the distribution of rs3828942 (GG:GA:AA): 25.9%:44%:30.2% in MetS and 31.2%:52.6%:16.2% without MetS (χ2=10.545, p=0.005). The genotype AA and the allele A have a predisposing effect on the development of MetS (OR1=2.247, C.I:1.248-4.046; OR2=1.475, C.I:1.093-1.991, χ2=6.49, p=0.01).ConclusionsA number of features are observed in patients with MetS, which impair the functioning of patients. These investigations should aim to optimize the approach to assess the risk of MetS. The study was supported by grants from the RSF 19-75-10012 (genetic research) and 18-15-00011 (determination of leptin concentration)DisclosureThe study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation №19-75-10012 (genetic research) and №18-15-00011 (determination of leptin concentration)
The differential impact of severe childhood trauma on emotion recognition in males and females with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Penney D. , Pruessner M. , Malla A. , Joober R. , Lepage M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChildhood trauma increases social functioning deficits, which in turn negatively impact social inclusion in those experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP). Associations between aberrant higher-order social cognitive processes such as emotion recognition (ER) and trauma severity may be one pathway by which trauma negatively impacts social functioning.ObjectivesGiven sex differences identified in the experience of childhood trauma, it is pertinent to evaluate how trauma severity may differentially impact ER in males and females.MethodsEighty-three FEP participants (52 males, 31 females) and 69 nonclinical controls (49 males, 20 females) completed the CogState Research Battery. FEP participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A sex × group (FEP, controls) ANOVA examined ER differences and was followed by two-way ANCOVAs investigating the effects of sex and childhood trauma severity (none, low, moderate, severe) on ER and global cognition in FEP.ResultsFEP participants had significantly lower ER scores than controls (p = .035). In FEP, a significant interaction emerged between sex and childhood trauma severity (F(3, 72) = 6.382, p = .001), selective to ER, while controlling for age at onset. Simple effects analyses revealed that females in the severe trauma category exhibited superior ER capacity relative to males.ConclusionsThe differential impact of trauma severity on ER in males and females with FEP may be theoretically interpreted as the distinct way that hypervigilance affects the sexes. Early intervention services should refine social cognitive interventions in male and female trauma survivors to facilitate social functioning improvements.DisclosureFunding: This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#68961) to M.L. and A.M. Salary awards include: The Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé to M.L. and R.J., the James McGill Professorship to M.L., and the Canada Research Cha
Multivitamin, mineral and n-3 pufa supplementation to reduce aggression among chronically admitted psychiatric patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bles N. De , Ottenheim N. Rius , Geleijnse J. , Van De Rest O. , Bogers J. , Van Den Hout W. , Hemert A. Van , Giltay E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAggression and violent incidents are a major concern in psychiatric inpatient care, potentially leading to physical and psychological consequences for both patients and staff. Nutritional supplementation was found to reduce aggressive incidents and rule violations in forensic populations and children with behavioural problems.ObjectivesTo assess whether multivitamin, mineral and n-3 PUFA supplementation is effective in reducing the number of aggressive incidents among psychiatric patients who are chronically admitted.MethodsIn a pragmatic, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, psychiatric inpatients were randomized to receive either three supplements containing multivitamins, minerals, and n-3 PUFA or placebo. During the intervention period of six months, aggressive incidents were assessed using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS-R). Secondary outcome parameters were the patients’ quality of life and affective symptoms. The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Register (NCT02498106).ResultsA total of 176 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive supplements (n=87) or placebo (n=89). They were on average 49.3 years old (SD=14.5), and 64.2% were male. Most patients had a psychotic disorder (60.8%). Supplementation versus placebo significantly increased circulating micronutrient levels. The primary outcome of SOAS-R incidents was similar in those assigned to supplements (1.03 incidents per month; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-1.37) and placebo (0.90; 95%CI: 0.65-1.19), with a rate ratio of 1.08 (95%CI: 0.67-1.74; p=0.75). Differential effects were neither found in sensitivity analyses on the SOAS-R, nor on secondary outcomes.ConclusionsSix months of nutritional supplementation did not reduce aggressive incidents among chronically admitted psychiatric inpatients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.