bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the ISTH bleeding assessment tool (BAT) in diagnosis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia patients
Authors: Saqlain Nazish , Fateen Tooba , Tufail Hammad , Mazher Naghmana 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the utility of ISTH-BAT (International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis- Bleeding Assessment Tool) in the diagnosis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) in comparison to controls.
Methods: It was a case-control study carried out at The Children’s Hospital, Lahore from January 2012 to May 2021. All patients from neonates to 18 years with a final diagnosis of GT were studied retrospectively. The clinical details were collected from hospital records and telephonically on ISTH-BAT questionnaire after taking informed consent. The same proforma was obtained from 75 healthy controls. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 26.
Results: Out of 427 patients with suspected platelet function disorders, 133 were diagnosed as GT. The mean age was 7.29±5 years. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Among cases, 76.6% were products of consanguineous marriage. Epistaxis was the commonest symptom with highest score (p value<0.001). Cutaneous and oral cavity bleeds were more severe and frequent in patients than controls (p value < 0.004). The median ISTH-BAT score among patients was nine while in control group was one. Sensitivity was 86.4%, specificity was 77.3%, positive predictive value was 0.87 and negative predictive value was 0.76. Area under the receiver operator curve was 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.82–0.90, p<0.001*).
Conclusion: ISTH-BAT scores were significantly higher in GT patients than controls. So, we recommend the inclusion of ISTH-BAT in diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected Glanzmann Thrombasthenia.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5361
How to cite this:Saqlain N, Fateen T, Tufail H, Mazher N. Utility of the ISTH bleeding assessment tool (BAT) in diagnosis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5361
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Post-Operative Bleeding and transfusion requirements in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Khan Bahauddin , Islam Mujahid Ul , Ahmad Imtiaz , Rehman Mujeeb Ur 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: In this study we determine the modifiable factors related to bleeding and transfusion in post-cardiac surgery patients who underwent open heart surgery.
Methods: This is a retrospective study that include two hundred patients who had undergone open heart surgery (OHS) at Northwest General Hospital and Research Center from December 2018 to July 2021. Platelet count and hemoglobin level were measured in the pre-operative period.
Results: This study included both male and female patients. Postoperative platelets were counted as follow: 50-100 x109 L in 3.0% cases, 101-150 x109 L seen in 27.5% cases, and >150 x 109 L in 69.5% cases which required transfusion. We have also reported the increased requirement of transfusion of blood and blood products in patients with pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) < 10 g/dl.
Conclusion: Correction of pre-op Hb, post-op platelet count and total bypass time are the significant and preventable parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery if proper pre-op assessment of the patient is performed.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5685
How to cite this:Khan B, Mujahid Ul Islam, Ahmad I, Mujeeb Ur Rehman. Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Post-Operative Bleeding and transfusion requirements in Cardiac Surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5685
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Roller Coaster Ride of Teaching Faculty under Pakistan Medical Commission
Authors: Ehsan Dr. Afifa , Raza Dr. Ali 
Published: March 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.6021
How to cite this:Ehsan A, Raza A. Roller Coaster Ride of Teaching Faculty under Pakistan Medical Commission. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):780-781. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.6021
Non-degeneracy of bubble solutions for higher order prescribed curvature problem
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Hu Yichen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, we are concerned with the following prescribed curvature problem involving polyharmonic operator on

S

N

{{\mathbb{S}}}^{N}

:

D

m

u
=
K

(

∣
y
∣

)

u

m

∗

−
1

,

u
>
0

in

S

N

,

u
∈

H

m

(

S

N

)

,

{D}^{m}u=K\left(| y| ){u}^{{m}^{\ast }-1},\hspace{1.0em}u\gt 0\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{S}}}^{N},\hspace{1.0em}u\in {H}^{m}\left({{\mathbb{S}}}^{N}),

where

K

(

∣
y
∣

)

K\left(| y| )

is a positive function,

m

∗

=

2
N

N
−
2
m

{m}^{\ast }=\frac{2N}{N-2m}

is the Sobolev embedding critical exponent,

N
>
2
m
+
2

N\gt 2m+2

.

D

m

{D}^{m}

is the

2
m

2m

order differential operator given by

D

m

=

∏

l
=
1

m

−

Δ

g

+

1

4

(

N
−
2
l

)

(

N
+
2
l
−
2

)

,

{D}^{m}=\mathop{\prod }\limits_{l=1}^{m}\left(-{\Delta }_{g}+\frac{1}{4}\left(N-2l)\left(N+2l-2)\right),

where

Δ

g

{\Delta }_{g}

is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on

S

N

{{\mathbb{S}}}^{N}

,

S

N

{{\mathbb{S}}}^{N}

is the unit sphere with Riemann metric

g

g

. We first establish two kinds of local Pohozaev identities for polyharmonic operator, then we prove that the positive bubbling solution constructed in the study of Guo and Li is non-degenerate.
Low-temperature librations and dynamical transition in proteins at differing hydration levels
Authors: Aloi Erika , Bartucci Rosa , Guzzi Rita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hydration of water affects the dynamics and in turn the activity of biomacromolecules. We investigated the dependence of the librational oscillations and the dynamical transition on the hydrating conditions of two globular proteins with different structure and size, namely β-lactoglobulin (βLG) and human serum albumin (HSA), by spin-label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the temperature range of 120–270 K. The proteins were spin-labeled with 5-maleimide spin-label on free cysteins and prepared in the lyophilized state, at low (h = 0.12) and full (h = 2) hydration levels in buffer. The angular amplitudes of librations are small and almost temperature independent for both lyophilized proteins. Therefore, in these samples, the librational dynamics is restricted and the dynamical transition is absent. In the small and compact beta-structured βLG, the angular librational amplitudes increase with temperature and hydrating conditions, whereas hydration-independent librational oscillations whose amplitudes rise with temperature are recorded in the large and flexible alpha-structured HSA. Both βLG and HSA at low and fully hydration levels undergo the dynamical transition at about 230 K. The overall results indicate that protein librational dynamics is activated at the low hydration level h = 0.12 and highlight biophysical properties that are common to other biosamples at cryogenic temperatures.
On the Evaluation of Elastic Moduli of Bead-Filled (Thermoplastic) Systems
Authors: Hegler R. P. , Mennig G. , Vulpius G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study gives a detailed survey of the methods presently known for the evaluation of the elastic moduli of bead-filled composite materials. It examines the suitability of theoretical considerations, their scope of validity as well as possibly necessary theoretical modifications by means of experimental investigations of glass-bead-filled thermoplastics and related data found in the literature for globular-particle-filled materials. A prediction of the elastic moduli based on the properties of the components involved is possible without essential restrictions. The mechanical test results confirm the experimental findings known from the literature.
Properties of Liquid Crystal Injection Mouldings
Authors: Menges G. , Schacht T. , Becker H. , Ott S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The suitability of liquid crystal polymers for the injection moulding process was pointed out at the time of their discovery. However, up to now, it has been assumed that the unmodified liquid crystal polymers were less suited to processing by injection moulding due to their distinct anisotropies. The direction of developments in the application of liquid crystal polymers was done mainly in another direction. We, however, have been concerned for more than four years now with this subject [3, 4, 5], even when our practical experiments could not be as comprehensive as we would wish, due to the limited availability of the raw materials. We have also been able to use this time to develop CAE programs which support the constructor in the design of injection moulds, whereby these programs enable the flow process to be simulated and therefore enabling the orientation to be seen at every point in the injection moulded part [6]. This is naturally particularly important for those materials in which the orientation of the molecules plays such a large part for the respective properties, as these are caused by the direction of the flows in the flow process. A changed runner position causes other orientations. More details should therefore be reported about our investigations to date.
Flow of Rubber Compounds in a Plasticating Unit of a Reciprocating-screw Injection Molding Machine
Authors: Brzoskowski R. , White J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental study of the distribution of material and internal flow patterns in the cold feed screw injection molding machine for rubber compounds is presented. Experimental studies are carried out by vulcanizing rubber compounds in the screw of the plasticating unit at various positions in the molding cycle. The screw is then removed and the rubber strip unwound from the flights. It is found that transverse flow patterns begin at the feed port and proceed down the channel. Various kinds of starvation behavior are observed especially at low back pressures and with narrow feed strips.
Trends and Highlights in Polymer Processing 1938 to 1988**
Authors: Schenkel G. P. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn attempt is made to give a survey of polymer processing during the past 50 years, with a backward glance to earlier periods and to roots of development in related branches of industrial production. Selected topics are treated in some detail, with comments and comparisons, showing typical trends and forecasting possible progress in the near future: Extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, calendering and sundries. A separate chapter deals with the role of theory and experiment in polymer processing. Generally, it may be stated that in the main fields development is changing from a practical art to applied science. – For rounding-off the article is closed with some anecdotes and stories about pioneers in the front line of plastics progress.
Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends
Authors: Subramanian P. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymer-Polymer blends containing ethylene-methacrylic copolymers (EMAA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (where PET is the minor component) have been investigated. The permeability properties and the morphology of these blends, when the polyolefin phase is mildly crosslinked with small amounts of an agent that preferentially crosslinks the ethylene copolymer was also studied. The permeability barrier properties of such polymer blends increase as the concentration of the crosslinking agents increase until excessive crosslinking takes place. The morphology of the blends – the size of the dispersed particles – change significantly as more coupling agents are used. These techniques afford us a novel technique to improve the permeability barrier properties by control of the particle size of the barrier polymer.
Simulation of Heat Transfer in Laser Transmission Welding
Authors: Prabhakaran R. , Kontopoulou M. , Zak G. , Bates P. J. , Sidiropoulos V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA numerical simulation of the heat transfer during laser transmission welding is presented. A finite difference approach was used to solve the one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction problem and to investigate the effect of welding conditions on the time-dependent temperature profiles for PA 6. For the needs of the simulation, the process was divided into heating and heat redistribution periods. The absorption coefficient of the laser-transparent part was measured experimentally and that of the laser-absorbing part was fitted using experimental data. The predicted temperature profiles were combined with experimental meltdown data to estimate the heat-affected zone thickness in the welded specimens. Good agreement was found between the estimated and measured heat-affected zone thickness values.
Influence of Power Law and Isothermal Simplification on the Accuracy in Single Screw Extrusion
Authors: Potente H. , Bornemann M. , Heinrich D. , Pape J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For the mathematical modeling of single screw extruders crucial simplifications are frequently made. In order to estimate the quality of these models it is necessary to evaluate the differences resulting from these simplifying presumptions. This study refers to the influence of two frequently used simplifications, the power-law model and the assumption of an isothermal flow.
The differences due to the application of the power-law show an evident dependency on the descriptive material parameters. Depending on the Nahme-number the isothermal simplification proves partly clear differences from non-isothermal flows. These differences however are considerably reduced in the range of high Péclet-numbers.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Bubble Cone on the Cooling Jets used in the Blown Film Manufacturing Process
Authors: Li S. , Gao N. , Ewing D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental investigation was performed to characterize the flow field produced by a dual-lip air ring used in the blown-film manufacturing process for a solid model with a blow-up ratio of 3.5 similar to the shape of a typical LLDPE bubble. Distributions of the static and fluctuating pressure on the model and the flow field above the forming cone were measured for a range of settings on the dual-lip air ring. It was found that the distribution of the pressure on the bubble below the forming cone had many features similar to the measurements for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. In the region above the forming cone, the upper jet appeared to merge with the lower jet rather than entraining the lower jet as was observed for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. This resulted in a smaller local maximum in the normalized fluctuating pressure in the region above the forming cone and would likely result in less heat transfer in this region. It was also found that the initial angle of the upper jet exiting the air ring changed when the height of the bubble cone was adjusted for the bubble with the blow-up ratio of 3.5. This affected the static pressure in the region below the location where the upper jet attaches to the bubble and the pressure fluctuations in the region where the upper jet attaches to the surface. Finally, unlike the bubble with the blow-up-ratio of 2.5 [1], the presence of the bubble cone caused a region of negative gauge pressure in the region above the forming cone that should act to stabilize the bubble against the bubble cone. The pressure in this region and the region below the forming cone both decreased when the porosity of the bubble cone was reduced.
Molding of Thin Sheets Using Impact Micro-injection Molding
Authors: Nian S. C. , Yang S. Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe micro-injection molding is used to fabricate ultra-thin polymeric components used in optoelectronics and biotechnology. Due to the extremely high flow resistance and fast heat transfer, ultra-thin parts is difficult to mold. In this study, a lab-made impact type micro-injection machine and a rapid heating/cooling system are used to perform the micro-injection molding. A mold with test-sheet cavities of thickness 100 lm and 200 lm are constructed. The molding capacity and the effects of processing conditions are systematically investigated. The processing conditions include the mold temperature, air pressure of accelerating cylinder, and air pressure of packing cylinder. The thicker parts have larger operation window. The high mold temperature reduces the area of short shot but induces more shrinkage and sink mark. The increase of air pressure in accelerating and packing cylinders can effectively reduce shrinkage.
Image denoising algorithm of social network based on multifeature fusion
Authors: Zhao Lanfei , Zhu Qidan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A social network image denoising algorithm based on multifeature fusion is proposed. Based on the multifeature fusion theory, the process of social network image denoising is regarded as the fitting process of neural network, and a simple and efficient convolution neural structure of multifeature fusion is constructed for image denoising. The gray features of social network image are collected, and the gray values are denoising and cleaning. Based on the image features, multiple denoising is carried out to ensure the accuracy of social network image denoising algorithm and improve the accuracy of image processing. Experiments show that the average noise of the image processed by the algorithm designed in this study is reduced by 8.6905 dB, which is much larger than that of other methods, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the output image is high, which is maintained at about 30 dB, which has a high effect in the process of practical application.
The role of the placenta in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery with intact membranes
Authors: Jaiman Sunil , Romero Roberto , Bhatti Gaurav , Jung Eunjung , Gotsch Francesca , Suksai Manaphat , Gallo Dahiana M. , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Kadar Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether placental vascular pathology and impaired placental exchange due to maturational defects are involved in the etiology of spontaneous preterm labor and delivery in cases without histologic acute chorioamnionitis.

Methods
This was a retrospective, observational study. Cases included pregnancies that resulted in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery (<37 weeks), whereas uncomplicated pregnancies that delivered fetuses at term (≥37–42 weeks of gestation) were selected as controls. Placental histological diagnoses were classified into three groups: lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion, lesions of fetal vascular malperfusion, and placental microvasculopathy, and the frequency of each type of lesion in cases and controls was compared. Moreover, we specifically searched for villous maturational abnormalities in cases and controls. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical and uterine arteries were performed in a subset of patients.

Results
There were 184 cases and 2471 controls, of which 95 and 1178 had Doppler studies, respectively. The frequency of lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion was greater in the placentas of patients with preterm labor than in the control group [14.1% (26/184) vs. 8.8% (217/2471) (p=0.023)]. Disorders of villous maturation were more frequent in the group with preterm labor than in the control group: 41.1% (39/95) [delayed villous maturation in 31.6% (30/95) vs. 2.5% (13/519) in controls and accelerated villous maturation in 9.5% (9/95) vs. none in controls].

Conclusions
Maturational defects of placental villi were associated with approximately 41% of cases of unexplained spontaneous preterm labor and delivery without acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta and with delivery of appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses.
The intersection graph of graded submodules of a graded module
Authors: Alraqad Tariq 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, we introduce and study the intersection graph of graded submodules of a graded module. Let

M

M

be a left

G

G

-graded

R

R

-module. We define the intersection graph of

G

G

-graded

R

R

-submodules of

M

M

, denoted by

Γ

(

G
,
R
,
M

)

\Gamma \left(G,R,M)

, to be a simple undirected graph whose set of vertices consists of all nontrivial

G

G

-graded

R

R

-submodules of

M

M

, where two vertices are adjacent if their intersection is nonzero. We study properties of these graphs, such as connectivity, diameter, and girth. We also investigate the intersection graph of graded submodules for certain types of gradings such as faithful and strong gradings.
Coupled measure of noncompactness and functional integral equations
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hasan , Işık Hüseyin , Bonab Samira Hadi , George Reny 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this article is to study the results of the fixed-point in coupled and tripled measure of noncompactness (MNC). We will use the technique of MNC for coupled and tripled MNC. Also, we tend to prove some results of coupled and tripled MNC for the family of JS-contractive-type mappings. Moreover, an application with an example is provided to illustrate the results.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2021 Catholica
Authors: Bräuer Martin 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Bericht wirft Schlaglichter auf die katholischen Kirchen, so auf die Enzyklika „Fratelli Tutti“, auf den weltweiten Synodalen Prozess und den deutschen Synodalen Weg als auch auf die versuchten Bischofsrücktritte in Deutschland und die „ökumenische Haftungsgemeinschaft“ aus der Sicht der Alt-Katholischen Kirche.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2021 Charismatische Bewegungen und Pfingstbewegung
Authors: Spornhauer Dirk 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
In der größten deutschen Pfingstkirche, dem Bund Freikirchlicher Pfingstgemeinden, hat ein intensiver Klärungsprozess zum Thema Leitung stattgefunden. Neben der Analyse dieses Prozesses werden Differenzen innerhalb mehrerer Pfingstkirchen zum Umgang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie dargestellt. Anhand von zwei Beispielen wird die Sicht der großen Kirchen auf die Pfingstbewegung diskutiert und durch einen Exkurs zur Geschichte der Pfingstbewegungsforschung in den aktuellen Diskurs eingeordnet.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2021 Anglikanismus und Weltökumene
Authors: Haar Miriam 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Bericht wirft Schlaglichter auf vier Christliche Weltgemeinschaften, die Anglikanische Gemeinschaft, den Lutherischen Weltbund, die Weltgemeinschaft Reformierter Kirchen und den Ökumenischen Rat der Kirchen. Insbesondere die Anglikanische Gemeinschaft und der Ökumenische Rat der Kirchen befanden sich im Jahr 2021 in der Vorbereitungsphase größerer Versammlungen, alle befanden sich in Veränderungsprozessen im Blick auf die Leitung der Gemeinschaft. Weitere Schwerpunkte des Berichts sind Entwicklungen in der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft, in der Kirche von England und der Kirche in Wales, sowie die ökumenischen Dialoge der Anglikanischen Kirchen und die multilateralen ökumenischen Dialoge der Kommission für Glauben und Kirchenverfassung.