bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unhealthy alcohol use and intimate partner violence among men and women living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Miller Amanda P. , Fatch Robin , Lodi Sara , Marson Kara , Emenyonu Nneka , Kekibiina Allen , Beesiga Brian , Chamie Gabriel , Muyindike Winnie R. , Hahn Judith A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use are interrelated public health issues. Heavy and frequent alcohol use increase the risk of IPV, but the relationship between alcohol use and IPV (including recent and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration) has not been well described among persons living with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We used baseline data from the Drinker’s Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study. All participants were PWH co-infected with tuberculosis and had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) positive score (hazardous drinking) and positive urine ethyl glucuronide test, indicating recent drinking. High-risk drinking was defined as AUDIT-C > 6 and/or alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) ≥ 200 ng/mL. We measured IPV using the Conflict Tactics Scale. We estimated the association between alcohol use level and recent (prior six months) IPV victimization (recent perpetration was too low to study) using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, assets, education, spouse HIV status, religiosity, depressive symptoms, and social desirability. We additionally estimated the interaction of alcohol use and gender on IPV victimization and the association between alcohol use and lifetime victimization and perpetration.

Results
One-third of the 408 participants were women. Recent IPV victimization was reported by 18.9% of women and 9.4% of men; perpetration was reported by 3.1% and 3.6% of women and men. One-fifth (21.6%) of those reporting recent IPV victimization also reported perpetration. In multivariable models, alcohol use level was not significantly associated with recent IPV victimization (p = 0.115), nor was the interaction between alcohol use and gender (p = 0.696). Women had 2.34 times greater odds of recent IPV victimization than men (p = 0.016). Increasing age was significantly associated with decreased odds of recent IPV victimization (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Prevalence of IPV victimization was comparable to estimates from a recent national survey, while perpetration among men was lower than expected. Alcohol use level was not associated with IPV victimization. It is possible that alcohol use in this sample was too high to detect differences in IPV. Our results suggest that women and younger PWH are priority populations for IPV prevention.
Charitably funded hospices and the challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study (CovPall)
Authors: Garner Ian W , Walshe Catherine , Dunleavy Lesley , Bradshaw Andy , Preston Nancy , Fraser Lorna K , Murtagh Fliss EM , Oluyase Adejoke O , Sleeman Katherine E , Hocaoglu Mevhibe , Bajwah Sabrina , Chambers Rachel L , Maddocks Matthew , Higginson Irene J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Independent charitably funded hospices have been an important element of the UK healthcare response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospices usually have different funding streams, procurement processes, and governance arrangements compared to NHS provision, which may affect their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to understand the challenges faced by charitably funded hospices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Eligible Organisations providing specialist palliative or hospice care completed the online CovPall survey (2020) which explored their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible organisations were then purposively selected to participate in interviews as part of qualitative case studies (2020-21) to understand challenges in more depth. Free-text responses from the survey were analysed using content analysis and were categorised accordingly. These categorisations were used a priori for a reflexive thematic analysis of interview data.

Results
143 UK independent charitably funded hospices completed the online CovPall survey. Five hospices subsequently participated in qualitative case studies (n = 24 staff interviews). Key themes include: vulnerabilities of funding; infection control during patient care; and bereavement support provision. Interviewees discussed the fragility of income due to fundraising events stopping; the difficulties of providing care to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients within relatively small organisations; and challenges with maintaining the quality of bereavement services.

Conclusion
Some unique care and provision challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic were highlighted by charitably funded hospices. Funding core services charitably and independently may affect their ability to respond to pandemics, or scenarios where resources are unexpectedly insufficient.
Trends and determinants of adolescent pregnancy: Results from Kenya demographic health surveys 2003–2014
Authors: Mutea Lilian , Were Vincent , Ontiri Susan , Michielsen Kristien , Gichangi Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of disability and death due to unsafe abortion, prolonged labour and delivery, and complications after birth. Availability of accurate data is important to guide decision-making related to adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH). This study analyses the trends in prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Kenya using data from three national Demographic Health Surveys (2003, 2008/2009, 2014).

Methods
Our analysis focused on a subsample of data collected from women aged 20 to 24 years. A trend analysis was performed to establish a change in the rate of adolescent pregnancy in 2003, 2008/2009, and 2014 survey data points. Binary Logistic regression and pooled regression analysis were used to explore factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.

Results
The percentage of women aged 20 to 24 years who reported their first pregnancy between ages 15 and 19 years was 42% in 2003 and 42.2% in 2009 but declined to 38.9% in 2014. Using regression analyses, we established that education status, marital status, religion and wealth quintile were associated with adolescent pregnancy. Trend analysis shows that there was an overall decreasing trend in adolescent pregnancy between 2003 and 2014.

Conclusion
Although Kenya has made strides in reducing the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in the last decade, much more needs to be done to further reduce the burden, which remains high.

Definition
Adolescents: Although WHO defines the adolescence period as being 10–19 years, this paper focuses on the late adolescent period, 15–19 years, here in referred to as adolescents.
Application of the electronic book to promote self-directed learning in medical technologist continuing education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wen Chiao-Ni , Huang Chung-Guei , Chang Pi-Yueh , Yang Tsung-Han , You Huey-Ling , Ning Hsiao-Chen , Tsao Kuo-Chien 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuing education (CE) is essential for health professionals to improve competence in clinical practice, yet many medical technologists still experience barriers to learning in complex clinical settings. To better manage CE and address medical technologists’ learning needs, we developed a learner-centred electronic book (e-book) to promote self-directed learning for medical technologists.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the acceptability and learning impacts of the e-book as CE material for medical technologists in two medical centres in Taiwan. We designed the learner-centred context in the e-book based on medical technologists’ practice requirements and learning needs. Moreover, we adopted The New World Kirkpatrick Model with four levels (reactions, learning, behaviours and results) to evaluate the e-book’s learning impacts on medical technologists. A total of 280 medical technologists were invited to complete a questionnaire and a post-test, providing learning patterns as well as their satisfaction with the e-book and their learning outcomes after using it.

Results
Most readers had positive learning experiences and better learning outcomes, including knowledge acquisition and behavioural change, after reading the e-book. The e-book became a new CE activity and reached medical technologists in various types of laboratories.

Conclusions
The low-cost and learner-centred e-book effectively overcame CE learning barriers for medical technologists. The interactivity and flexibility of e-learning particularly helped learners to engage in clinical scenarios in laboratory medicine. This study could pave the way for medical educators to build a high-quality e-learning model in CE.
Patient perspectives on advance euthanasia directives in Huntington’s disease. A qualitative interview study
Authors: Ekkel Marina R. , Depla Marja F.I.A. , Verschuur Els M.L. , Veenhuizen Ruth B. , Hertogh Cees M.P.M. , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) has a poor prognosis. For HD patients in the Netherlands, one way of dealing with their poor prognosis is by drawing up an advance euthanasia directive (AED). Little is known about the perspectives of HD patients on their AED.

Aim
To gain insight into patients’ views on and attitudes towards their AED, and changes over time.

Methods
A longitudinal qualitative interview study using 1 to 6 semi-structured interviews over a period of maximum three years. Nine HD patients (5 outpatient clinic, 3 day care, 1 assisted living facility) who either had an AED or were thinking about drawing it up participated in this study.

Results
We identified two themes that characterize patients’ perspectives on their AEDs: (1) general character of the AED; (2) uncertainty around their AED. Ad (1) The conditions that the participants described in their AED were generally not very specific for the person. Mostly they were general notions of unbearable suffering. Familiarity with HD in the family could play a role in drawing up an AED. Ad (2) Participants generally were aware of the tentative character of their AED and could have doubts concerning their own willingness or the willingness of others in the future. Sometimes these doubts were so great, that it prevented them from drawing up an AED. However, patients did not alter their AED during the follow-up period or changed in their view or attitude on their AED.

Conclusion
HD patients that draw up an AED usually describe general conditions for euthanasia and recognize that these conditions may change as the disease progresses. An AED or the wish to draw one up may be a good conversation starter for conversations about goals and preferences for future care.
Hesitancy for receiving regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a cross-sectional analysis from the UK-REACH study
Authors: Veli Neyme , Martin Christopher A. , Woolf Katherine , Nazareth Joshua , Pan Daniel , Al-Oraibi Amani , Baggaley Rebecca F. , Bryant Luke , Nellums Laura B. , Gray Laura J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Pareek Manish ,   The UK-REACH Study Collaborative Group, Guyatt Anna L. , John Catherine , McManus I. Chris , Abubakar Ibrahim , Gupta Amit , Abrams Keith R. , Tobin Martin D. , Wain Louise , Carr Sue , Dove Edward , Ford David , Free Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Regular vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may be needed to maintain immunity in ‘at-risk’ populations, which include healthcare workers (HCWs). However, little is known about the proportion of HCWs who might be hesitant about receiving a hypothetical regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or the factors associated with this hesitancy.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of questionnaire data collected as part of UK-REACH, a nationwide, longitudinal cohort study of HCWs. The outcome measure was binary, either a participant indicated they would definitely accept regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination if recommended or they indicated some degree of hesitancy regarding acceptance (probably accept or less likely). We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with hesitancy for receiving regular vaccination.

Results
A total of 5454 HCWs were included in the analysed cohort, 23.5% of whom were hesitant about regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Black HCWs were more likely to be hesitant than White HCWs (aOR 2.60, 95%CI 1.80–3.72) as were those who reported a previous episode of COVID-19 (1.33, 1.13–1.57 [vs those who tested negative]). Those who received influenza vaccination in the previous two seasons were over five times less likely to report hesitancy for regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination than those not vaccinated against influenza in either season (0.18, 0.14–0.21). HCWs who trusted official sources of vaccine information (such as NHS or government adverts or websites) were less likely to report hesitancy for a regular vaccination programme. Those who had been exposed to information advocating against vaccination from friends and family were more likely to be hesitant.

Conclusions
In this study, nearly a quarter of UK HCWs were hesitant about receiving a regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We have identified key factors associated with hesitancy for regular SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, which can be used to identify groups of HCWs at the highest risk of vaccine hesitancy and tailor interventions accordingly. Family and friends of HCWs may influence decisions about regular vaccination. This implies that working with HCWs and their social networks to allay concerns about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could improve uptake in a regular vaccination programme.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN11811602.
Gam-COVID-Vac, EpiVacCorona, and CoviVac effectiveness against lung injury during Delta and Omicron variant surges in St. Petersburg, Russia: a test-negative case–control study
Authors: Barchuk Anton , Bulina Anna , Cherkashin Mikhail , Berezina Natalia , Rakova Tatyana , Kuplevatskaya Darya , Skougarevskiy Dmitriy , Okhotin Artemiy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Monitoring vaccine effectiveness (VE) remains a priority for epidemiological research throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. VE against infection declines with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), but VE against the severe disease remains high. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines used in Russia against lung injury during Delta and Omicron VOC surges.

Methods
We designed a case–control study (test-negative design) to estimate VE against any (any volume of involved lung parenchyma) and severe (>50% of involved parenchyma) lung injury detected on computer tomography and associated with COVID-19 between October 1, 2021–April 28, 2022 (Delta VOC dominance period followed by Omicron dominance period). We included the data of patients with symptomatic confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection referred to the low-dose computer tomography triage centres.

Results
Among 23996 patients in the primary analysis, 13372 (55.7%) had any lung injury, and 338 (1.4%) had severe lung injury. The adjusted for age, sex and triage centre VE estimates against any lung injury were 56% (95% confidence interval 54–59) for two-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 71% (68–74) for three-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (booster), 2% (−27 to 24) for EpiVacCorona, and 46% (37–53) for CoviVac. VE estimates against severe lung injury were 76% (67–82) for two-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 87% (76–93) for three-dose Gam-COVID-Vac, 36% (−63 to 75) for EpiVacCorona, and 80% (45–92) for CoviVac.

Conclusions
Gam-COVID-Vac remained effective against lung injury associated with COVID-19 during Delta and Omicron VOC surges, and one Gam-COVID-Vac booster could be seen as an appropriate option after a two-dose regimen. CoviVac was also effective against lung injury. EpiVacCorona use in population-based vaccination should be halted until effectiveness and efficacy evidence is provided.
Trial registration The joint study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in St. Petersburg was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04981405, date of registration—August 4, 2021).
Minimization and optimization of α-amylase terminator for heterologous protein production in Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Rao Yi , Yang Jingyao , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Xinyuan , Zhang Mengxi , Zhan Yangyang , Ma Xin , Cai Dongbo , Wang Zhangqian , Chen Shouwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTerminators serve as the regulatory role in gene transcription termination; however, few researches about terminator optimization have been conducted, which leads to the lack of available and universal terminator for gene expression regulation in Bacillus. To solve this problem and expand synthetic biology toolbox of Bacillus licheniformis, the terminator T1 of endogenous α-amylase gene (amyL) was characterized in this research, with a termination efficiency of 87.81%. Then, we explored and optimized the termination strength of terminator T1 from four aspects: the distance between stop codon and terminator, GC content at the bottom of stem structure, loop size, and U-tract length, and the best terminator T24 was attained by combination optimization strategy, which termination efficiency was increased to 97.97%, better than the commonly used terminator T7 (T7P) from Escherichia coli. Finally, terminator T24 was applied to protein expression, which, respectively, led to 33.00%, 25.93%, and 11.78% increases of green fluorescence intensity, red fluorescence intensity, and keratinase activity, indicating its universality in protein expression. Taken together, this research not only expands a plug-and-play synthetic biology toolbox in B. licheniformis but also provides a reference for the artificial design of versatile intrinsic terminator.
Graphical Abstract
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy masquerading as affective illness: a case report
Authors: Kawoos Yuman , Fayaz Arjuman , Shah Irfan Ahmad , Rather Yasir H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare but controversial syndrome showing a variety of neurological and psychiatric manifestations associated with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Case presentation
We present a case of 46-year-old hypertensive female who developed acute onset of behavioral symptoms mimicking affective disorder (mania). Investigations revealed high levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. EEG and MRI findings were consistent with those seen in Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. She showed excellent response to high dose corticosteroids that helped in making the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy.

Conclusions
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is an extremely important, though rare, diagnosis. It should be suspected and screened for in patients with encephalopathy of unknown origin because responses to treatment are usually excellent.
Quantitative trait loci analysis of glucosinolate, sugar, and organic acid concentrations in Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
Authors: Bell Luke , Chadwick Martin , Puranik Manik , Tudor Richard , Methven Lisa , Wagstaff Carol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEruca vesicaria subsp. sativa is a leafy vegetable of the Brassicaceae family known for its pungency. Variation in growing conditions, leaf age, agronomic practices, and variety choice lead to inconsistent quality, especially in content of isothiocyanates (ITCs) and their precursor glucosinolates (GSLs). We present the first linkage and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) map for Eruca, generated using a population of 139 F4 lines. A significant environmental effect on the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites was observed, with UK-grown plants containing significantly higher concentrations of glucoraphanin, malic acid, and total sugars. Italian-grown plants were characterized by higher concentrations of glucoerucin, indolic GSLs, and low monosaccharides. 20 QTL were identified and associated with robust SNP markers. Five genes putatively associated with the synthesis of the GSL 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (4MGB) were identified as candidate regulators underlying QTL. Analysis revealed that orthologs of MYB51, IGMT1 and IGMT4 present on LG1 are associated with 4MGB concentrations in Eruca. This research illustrates the utility of the map for identifying genes associated with nutritional composition in Eruca and its value as a genetic resource to assist breeding programs for this leafy vegetable crop.
The reproducibility of manual RV/LV ratio measurement on CT pulmonary angiography
Authors: Lanham Sarah , Maiter Ahmed , Swift Andrew J , Dwivedi Krit , Alabed Samer , Evans Oscar , Sharkey Michael J , Matthews Suzanne , Johns Christopher S 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction carries elevated risk in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). An increased ratio between the size of the right and left ventricles (RV/LV ratio) is a biomarker of RV dysfunction. This study evaluated the reproducibility of RV/LV ratio measurement on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Methods: 20 inpatient CTPA scans performed to assess for acute PE were retrospectively identified from a tertiary UK centre. Each scan was evaluated by 14 radiologists who provided a qualitative overall opinion on the presence of RV dysfunction and measured the RV/LV ratio. Using a threshold of 1.0, the RV/LV ratio measurements were classified as positive (≥1.0) or negative (<1.0) for RV dysfunction. Interobserver agreement was quantified using the Fleiss κ and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Qualitative opinion of RV dysfunction showed weak agreement (κ = 0.42, 95% CI 0.37–0.46). The mean RV/LV ratio measurement for all cases was 1.28 ± 0.68 with significant variation between reporters (p < 0.001). Although agreement for RV/LV measurement was good (ICC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.91), categorisation of RV dysfunction according to RV/LV ratio measurements showed weak agreement (κ = 0.46, 95% CI 0.41–0.50). Conclusion: Both qualitative opinion and quantitative manual RV/LV ratio measurement show poor agreement for identifying RV dysfunction on CTPA. Advances in knowledge: Caution should be exerted if using manual RV/LV ratio measurements to inform clinical risk stratification and management decisions.
Trends of Training in Engineering Graphics
Authors: Oyuunzhargal Ch. , Oyuunzayaa E. 
Published: October 2022

In the field of modern education, not only in Mongolia, but also in world renowned technical and technological universities, teaching has moved from a theoretical basis to research universities. Universities are becoming corporate institutions. In this regard, it is necessary to make significant changes in the content of the curriculum. The main trend in modern engineering education is to train specialists with highly developed technical thinking for any field of activity.
With this in mind, an attempt was made to outline the theoretical basis for determining the role of descriptive geometry and engineering graphics in professional education. For this, satisfaction surveys of students, graduates and employers were conducted and the results are analyzed, complex educational competencies are determined, the special role of standards in engineering and graphic education is noted, as well as the importance of feedback between different levels of education (school, basic academic, fundamental and professional). It is concluded that the changes taking place in modern engineering education, in general, lead to a reduction in the gap between the skills of a university graduate and the requirements of employers, that one of the urgent tasks of modern engineering and graphic education is the development of basic textbooks based on new forms and teaching methods in addition to the Internet environment, that the geometric-graphic cycle is key for students to master the most important complex engineering competence, and that the feedback between different levels of geometric-graphic education should be deepened in order to increase the effectiveness of its study.