bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population, Clinical, and Scientific Impact of National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network Treatment Studies
Authors: Unger Joseph M. , LeBlanc Michael , George Suzanne , Wolmark Norman , Curran Walter J. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Schnall Mitchell D. , Mannel Robert S. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Dignam James J. , Gray Robert J. , Zhao Fengmin , Bah Mariama , Vaidya Riha , Blanke Charles D. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE In the United States, the National Cancer Institute National Cancer Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) groups have conducted publicly funded oncology research for 50 years. The combined impact of all adult network group trials has never been systematically examined. METHODS We identified randomized, phase III trials from the adult NCTN groups, reported from 1980 onward, with statistically significant findings for ≥ 1 clinical, time-dependent outcomes. In the subset of trials in which the experimental arm improved overall survival, gains in population life-years were estimated by deriving trial-specific hazard functions and hazard ratios to estimate the experimental treatment benefit and then mapping this trial-level benefit onto the US cancer population using registry and life-table data. Scientific impact was based on citation data from Google Scholar. Federal investment costs per life-year gained were estimated. The results were derived through December 31, 2020. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two trials comprised of 108,334 patients were analyzed, representing 29.8% (162/544) of trials conducted. The most common cancers included breast (34), gynecologic (28), and lung (14). The trials were cited 165,336 times (mean, 62.2 citations/trial/year); 87.7% of trials were cited in cancer care guidelines in favor of the recommended treatment. These studies were estimated to have generated 14.2 million (95% CI, 11.5 to 16.5 million) additional life-years to patients with cancer, with projected gains of 24.1 million (95% CI, 19.7 to 28.2 million) life-years by 2030. The federal investment cost per life-year gained through 2020 was $326 in US dollars. CONCLUSION NCTN randomized trials have been widely cited and are routinely included in clinical guidelines. Moreover, their conduct has predicted substantial improvements in overall survival in the United States for patients with oncologic disease, suggesting they have contributed meaningfully to this nation's health. These findings demonstrate the critical role of government-sponsored research in extending the lives of patients with cancer.
Sociodemographic Differences in Patient-Reported Pain and Pain Management of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer in a Community Oncology Setting
Authors: Canick Julia E. , Bhardwaj Arun , Patel Amila , Kuziez Duaa , Larsen Rylan , Misra Sanjit , Pearson Ben , Smith Blaine D. , Rohde Rebecca L. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Kahmke Russel R. , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: While pain is prevalent among survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC), there is a lack of data on pain management in the community oncology setting. We described sociodemographic correlates and disparities associated with patient-reported pain among patients with HNC. METHODS: We used the 2017-2021 nationwide community oncology data set from Navigating Cancer, which included electronic patient-reported outcomes. We identified a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with HNC (N = 25,572), with ≥ 1 patient-reported pain event. We adjusted for demographic (sex, age, smoking history, marital status) and clinical (cancer site) factors associated with pain reporting and pain resolution by new pain prescription on the basis of race (White v non-White patients), using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Our analytic cohort included 2,331 patients, 90.58% White, 58.62% married, with an average age of 66.47 years. Of these, 857 patients (36.76%) reported ≥ 1 pain event during study period. Mean resolution time (in minutes) for pain incidents was significantly longer for White patients than non-White patients (99.6 ± 3.2 v 74.9 ± 7.2, P < .05). After adjusting for covariates, smoking was associated with a 25% increased odds of reporting pain incidents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.52). There was no statistically significant difference in odds of pain reporting between White versus non-White patients (aOR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.30). However, White patients were significantly more likely to receive new prescription for pain than non-White patients (aOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.86). CONCLUSION: We found racial differences in patient-reported pain management, with White patients significantly more likely to receive new pain prescriptions. As pain management is a mainstay in cancer care, equity in pain management is critical to optimize quality of life for patients with HNC.
Combined Detection of Islet Autoantibodies for Clinical Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in the Low-Prevalence Population
Authors: Qi Yanyan , Chen Shuang , Chen Heng , Chen Yang , Shi Yun , Qin Yao , Zhang Mei , Yang Tao , Gu Yong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Single positive islet autoantibodies (IAbs), sometimes detected in healthy individuals and patients with low-risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D), are considered to be irrelevant to the development of diabetes, making it difficult to diagnose and classify adult-onset diabetes.

Objective
To determine the significance and clinical value of IAbs in T1D diagnosis in the low-prevalence population, and to explore whether an electrochemiluminescence IAb detection assay can improve the clinical utility of IAbs in the immunodiagnosis of T1D in the low-prevalence population.

Methods
A total of 633 newly diagnosed patients with adult-onset diabetes (≥18 years old) were divided into 2 groups according to their clinical phenotypes: 575 patients with age at diagnosis ≥35 years and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 were considered a low-prevalence population (population with a low prevalence of T1D) and the other 58 patients were considered a high-prevalence population. All the samples from 633 participants were tested with IAbs using standard radiobinding assays (RBAs) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays in parallel.

Results
Compared with the high-prevalence population, fewer positive IAbs (94/575, 16.3% vs 28/58, 48.3%) were detected in the low-prevalence population, and more of whom (69/94, 73.4% vs 9/28, 32.2%) were positive for a single IAb, with glutamate decarboxylase antibodies being the most prevalent single IAb. Single-IAb detection in the low-prevalence population did not always suggest the T1D phenotype. Combined detection of IAbs by RBA and ECL assay had a significant clinical utility to distinguish autoimmune diabetes in the low-prevalence population with low BMI, poor β-cell function at the diagnosis, and an accelerated decline in β-cell function during the follow-up.

Conclusion
Combined autoantibody detection by RBA and ECL assays improved differentiating autoimmune from nonautoimmune diabetes in the low-prevalence population.
Medical student perceptions of reflective practice in the undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Gishen Faye , Chakrabarti Rima 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Reflective practice (RP) forms a core component of medical professionalism but, despite its benefits, it remains largely undervalued among medical students. The aim of this study was to explore medical students’ attitudes and barriers to engagement with RP in the undergraduate programme at a UK based medical school. Methods: This was a qualitative study based on the methodology of phenomenology. All penultimate year medical students at University College London Medical School (n=361) were approached for this study and altogether thirteen participants were recruited, with data collected through two focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to generate the coding framework. Results: Five key themes emerged around student attitudes to RP, which were grouped into three domains: ‘value of RP’, ‘barriers to engagement’, and ‘strategies for enabling RP’. ‘Value of RP’ centred on the themes of humanising medicine and developing empathy, developing professionalism and RP as a tool for sense-making. ‘Barriers to engagement’ centred on the purpose and tokenism of RP and in the third domain, ‘strategies for enabling RP’, the theme of student agency in RP emerged strongly. Conclusion: Overall, the value of RP was not fully appreciated until students began their clinical placements. Potential strategies identified by participants for optimising engagement included student co-design and positioning RP within a broader pastoral role early in the undergraduate curriculum.
Depression development in patients with celiac disease
Authors: Pikulicka Agata , Pacek Katarzyna , Piekarska Małgorzata , Kasperski Radosław , Jedlina Klaudia , Szulc Izabela , Swacha Weronika 
Published: December 2022

Due to the increasing number of patients suffering from celiac disease (CD) and difficulties in diagnosing, scientists raise awareness of different symptoms that patients might present. CD is an autoimmune, genetical disease of small intestine however, symptoms might be related to many different systems apart from gastrointestinal one, for instance nervous system.
A common and non-specific symptom of untreated CD might be depression. A gluten intake by patients with genetical predisposition results in antibodies production which can affect central nervous system causing depression. Moreover, we observe imbalance between amino acids and its metabolites, for example serotonin, which lead to mood disorder.
In those patients who suffer from drug-resistant depression, testing for CD should be done and if they are positive, the patient should immediately start a gluten-free diet. This action could reduce symptoms of depression.
The following article is a review of current knowledge related to correlation between CD and depression, its pathomechanism and gluten-free diet as a possible way of treatment. This article is based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.
The effect of fancy rope jumping exercise on creativity of elementary school students
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Li Hansen , Zhang Guodong 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To explore the effects of 6 months of moderate intensity fancy rope jumping exercise on the creativity of elementary school students.
Methodology: One hundred and forty elementary school students were divided into two major groups, namely, the fancy rope jumping group and the traditional sports group. The Williams Creative Tendency Scale (WCTS) and Torrance Creative Thinking Scale (TTCT) were used to measure the changes of creative tendency and divergent thinking of elementary school students before and after the experiment, and to compare to evaluate the change of creativity of elementary school students by measuring the difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Findings: (1) Six months of moderate intensity fancy rope jumping exercise had a positive effect on elementary school students’ creative tendencies and divergent thinking; (2) Six months of moderate fancy rope jumping exercise had a more significant effect on elementary school students’ divergent thinking.
Research and practical limitations/implications: This study confirms experimentally that fancy rope jumping helps to enhance the creative tendency and divergent thinking level of elementary school students and promotes the development of their creativity. The limitation of this study is that the sample size is relatively small and not representative and convincing enough. In the follow-up study, we can make the research results more convincing by expanding the research sample size and sampling across regions.
Parallel Power System Restoration
Authors: Chopra Sunil , Qiu Feng , Shim Sangho 
Published: December 2022

After a blackout event, power system restoration is an essential activity for grid resilience; operators restart generators, re-establish transmission paths, and restore loads. With a goal of restoring electric service in the shortest time, the core decisions in restoration planning are to partition the grid into subnetworks, each of which has an initial power source for black-start (called sectionalization problem), and then restart all generators in each network (called generator startup sequencing (GSS) problem) as soon as possible. Due to their complexity, the sectionalization and GSS problems are usually solved separately, often resulting in a suboptimal solution. Our paper develops models and computational methods to solve the two problems simultaneously. We first study the computational complexity of the GSS problem and develop an efficient integer linear programming formulation. We then integrate the GSS problem with the sectionalization problem and develop an integer linear programming formulation for the parallel power system restoration (PPSR) problem to find exact optimal solutions. To solve larger systems, we then develop bounding approaches that find good upper and lower bounds efficiently. Finally, to address computational challenges for very large power grids, we develop a randomized approach to find a high-quality feasible solution quickly. Our computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed approaches are able to find good solutions for PPSR in up to 2,000-bus systems. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Discrete. Funding: This research was supported by the Visiting Faculty Program of Argonne National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Grid Modeling Program [Grant DE-OE0000875].
Manage Inventories with Learning on Demands and Buy-up Substitution Probability
Authors: Luo Zhenwei , Guo Pengfei , Wang Yulan 
Published: December 2022

Problem Definition: This paper considers a setting in which an airline company sells seats periodically, and each period consists of two selling phases, an early-bird discount phase and a regular-price phase. In each period, when the early-bird discount seat is stocked out, an early-bird customer who comes for the discounted seat either purchases the regular-price seat as a substitute (called buy-up substitution) or simply leaves. Methodology/Results: The optimal inventory level of the discounted seats reserved for the early-bird sale is a critical decision for the airline company to maximize its revenue. The airline company learns about the demands for both discounted and regular-price seats and the buy-up substitution probability from historical sales data, which, in turn, are affected by past inventory allocation decisions. In this paper, we investigate two information scenarios based on whether lost sales are observable, and we provide the corresponding Bayesian updating mechanism for learning about demand parameters and substitution probability. We then construct a dynamic programming model to derive the Bayesian optimal inventory level decisions in a multiperiod setting. The literature finds that the unobservability of lost sales drives the inventory manager to stock more (i.e., the Bayesian optimal inventory level should be kept higher than the myopic inventory level) to observe and learn more about demand distributions. Here, we show that when the buy-up substitution probability is known, one may stock less, because one can infer some information about the primary demand for the discounted seat from the customer substitution behavior. We also find that to learn about the unknown buy-up substitution probability drives the inventory manager to stock less so as to induce more substitution trials. Finally, we develop a SoftMax algorithm to solve our dynamic programming problem. We show that the obtained stock more (less) result can be utilized to speed up the convergence of the algorithm to the optimal solution. Managerial Implications: Our results shed light on the airline seat protection level decision with learning about demand parameters and buy-up substitution probability. Compared with myopic optimization, Bayesian inventory decisions that consider the exploration-exploitation tradeoff can avoid getting stuck in local optima and improve the revenue. We also identify new driving forces behind the stock more (less) result that complement the Bayesian inventory management literature. Funding: Z. Luo acknowledges the financial support by the Internal Start-up Fund of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0039035]. P. Guo acknowledges the financial support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grant 15508518]. Y. Wang’s work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grant 15505318] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71971184]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1169 .
Establishing a consensus on wound infection definitions
Authors: Haesler Emily , Swanson Terry , Ousey Karen , Larsen Donna , Carville Keryln , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Haesler Paul 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish an international, interorganisational consensus on wound infection terminology. Methods: This project consisted of definition scoping and a Delphi process to produce a consensus glossary for 18 wound infection terms. Recent guidelines/consensus documents were reviewed to identify 2–4 definitions for each term. An online consensus process was undertaken using the RAND Appropriateness Method, a consensus method for panels to reach agreement. International wound organisations nominated experts to participate, from whom 21 participants were selected to represent different organisations, geographic regions and disciplines. In the first consensus round, each term was presented alongside 2–3 definitions and participants nominated their preferred definition, with the majority vote used to select a baseline definition. The consensus process then proceeded, with participants using a 9-point Likert scale to score their level of agreement or disagreement with the definition for each term. Participants also provided a justification outlining the reason behind their rating. At the end of each round, an index was calculated to provide a quantitative evaluation indicating whether agreement or disagreement had been reached. Results: Reasoning statements were summarised and the definitions were adjusted to incorporate concepts identified by participants. The adjusted definition was presented in the next consensus round, together with the reasoning statements. Terms for which a final definition was not achieved in three consensus rounds were finalised with preferential voting using 2–3 definitions that had reached consensus. Project progress and significance: The project generated a glossary of wound infection terms, endorsed through participation of 15 international organisations, for dissemination of guidelines and clinical decision-making/teaching tools.
Proteomic profiling of serum identifies a molecular signature that correlates with clinical outcomes in COPD
Authors: Dagher Rania , Fogel Paul , Wang Jingya , Soussan David , Chiang Chia-Chien , Kearley Jennifer , Muthas Daniel , Taillé Camille , Berger Patrick , Bourdin Arnaud , Chenivesse Cécile , Leroy Sylvie , Anderson Gary , Humbles Alison A. , Aubier Michel , Kolbeck Roland , Pretolani Marina ,   on behalf of the COBRA Consortium
Published: December 2022

Objective
Novel biomarkers related to main clinical hallmarks of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a heterogeneous disorder with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations, were investigated by profiling the serum levels of 1305 proteins using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamers (SOMA)scan technology.

Methods
Serum samples were collected from 241 COPD subjects in the multicenter French Cohort of Bronchial obstruction and Asthma to measure the expression of 1305 proteins using SOMAscan proteomic platform. Clustering of the proteomics was applied to identify disease subtypes and their functional annotation and association with key clinical parameters were examined. Cluster findings were revalidated during a follow-up visit, and compared to those obtained in a group of 47 COPD patients included in the Melbourne Longitudinal COPD Cohort.

Results
Unsupervised clustering identified two clusters within COPD subjects at inclusion. Cluster 1 showed elevated levels of factors contributing to tissue injury, whereas Cluster 2 had higher expression of proteins associated with enhanced immunity and host defense, cell fate, remodeling and repair and altered metabolism/mitochondrial functions. Patients in Cluster 2 had a lower incidence of exacerbations, unscheduled medical visits and prevalence of emphysema and diabetes. These protein expression patterns were conserved during a follow-up second visit, and substanciated, by a large part, in a limited series of COPD patients. Further analyses identified a signature of 15 proteins that accurately differentiated the two COPD clusters at the 2 visits.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into COPD heterogeneity and suggests that overexpression of factors involved in lung immunity/host defense, cell fate/repair/ remodelling and mitochondrial/metabolic activities contribute to better clinical outcomes. Hence, high throughput proteomic assay offers a powerful tool for identifying COPD endotypes and facilitating targeted therapies.
Changing patterns of opioid initiation for pain management in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gomes Tara , Men Siyu , Campbell Tonya J. , Tadrous Mina , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Paterson J. Michael , Juurlink David N. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The recent publication of a national guideline and quality standards in Canada have provided clinicians with new, evidence-based recommendations on safe, appropriate opioid use. We sought to characterize how well opioid initiation practices aligned with these recommendations before and following their release.

Methods
We conducted a population-based study among people initiating opioids prior to the release of national guidelines (April 2015—March 2016; fiscal year [FY] 2015) and in the most recent year available (January—December 2019) in Ontario, Canada. We used linked administrative claims data to ascertain the apparent indication for opioid therapy, and characterized the initial daily dose (milligrams morphine or equivalent; MME) and prescription duration for each indication.

Results
In FY2015, 653,885 individuals commenced opioids, compared to 571,652 in 2019. Over time, there were small overall reductions in the prevalence of initial daily doses exceeding 50MME (23.9% vs. 20.1%) and durations exceeding 7 days (17.4% vs. 14.8%); but the magnitude of the reductions varied widely by indication. The prevalence of high dose (>50MME) initial prescriptions reduced significantly across all indications, with the exception of dentist-prescribed opioids (13.6% vs. 12.1% above 50MME). In contrast, there was little change in initial durations exceeding 7 days across most indications, with the exception of some surgical indications (e.g. common excision; 9.3% vs. 6.2%) and among those in palliative care (35.2% vs. 29.2%).

Conclusion
Despite some modest reductions in initiation of high dose and long duration prescription opioids between 2015 and 2019, clinical practice is highly variable, with opioid prescribing practices influenced by clinical indication. These findings may help identify medical specialties well-suited to targeted interventions to promote safer opioid prescribing.