bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-collinear and asymmetric polar moments at back-gated SrTiO3 interfaces
Authors: Lyzwa Fryderyk , Pashkevich Yurii G. , Marsik Premysl , Sirenko Andrei , Chan Andrew , Mallett Benjamin P. P. , Yazdi-Rizi Meghdad , Xu Bing , Vicente-Arche Luis M. , Vaz Diogo C. , Herranz Gervasi , Cazayous Maximilien , Hemme Pierre , Fürsich Katrin , Minola Matteo , Keimer Bernhard , Bibes Manuel , Bernhard Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of the gate-field-induced metal-to-insulator transition of the electrons at the interface of SrTiO3 with LaAlO3 or AlOx is of great current interest. Here, we show with infrared ellipsometry and confocal Raman spectroscopy that an important role is played by a polar lattice distortion that is non-collinear, highly asymmetric and hysteretic with respect to the gate field. The anomalous behavior and the large lateral component of the underlying local electric field is explained in terms of the interplay between the oxygen vacancies, that tend to migrate and form extended clusters at the antiferrodistortive domain boundaries, and the interfacial electrons, which get trapped/detrapped at the oxygen vacancy clusters under a positive/negative gate bias. Our findings open new perspectives for the defect engineering of lateral devices with strongly enhanced and hysteretic local electric fields that can be manipulated with various parameters, like strain, temperature, or photons.
Hierarchy of quantum non-Gaussian conservative motion
Authors: Moore Darren W. , Filip Radim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanical quantum systems embedded in an external nonlinear potential currently offer the first deep excursion into quantum non-Gaussian motion. The Gaussian statistics of the motion of a linear mechanical quantum system, characterised by its mass and a linear-and-quadratic potential, possess a limited capacity to reduce noise in nonlinear variables. This limitation induces thresholds for noise reduction in nonlinear variables beyond which linear mechanical oscillators cannot pass. Squeezing below the thresholds for such variables is relevant for the implementation of nonlinear mechanical devices, such as sensors, processors or engines. First however, quantum non-Gaussian conservative motion must be identified in experiments with diverse nonlinear potentials. For this purpose, we provide sufficient criteria for quantum non-Gaussian motional states in conservative systems based on the observation of squeezing in nonlinear variables. We further extend these criteria to a hierarchy able to recognise the quantum non-Gaussian motion induced via diverse nonlinear potentials through their various capacities to produce nonlinear squeezing.
Contributions of sea–land breeze and local climate zones to daytime and nighttime heat island intensity
Authors: Yang Jun , Xin Jiaxing , Zhang Yuqing , Xiao Xiangming , Xia Jianhong Cecilia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe acceleration of global urbanization has increased the frequency of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and heatwaves, which seriously endanger human health. We used Shenzhen as a case study to examine the daytime and nighttime differences in UHI intensity (UHII), considering different local climate zones (LCZs) and sea–land breezes. The diurnal UHII was >3 °C for 52% of the study period, whereas the nocturnal UHII was >3 °C for only 26% of the study period. The average diurnal and nocturnal building-type UHII values were 2.77 and 1.11 °C higher than those of the natural type, respectively. Sea breezes alleviated the UHI effect with a linear correlation coefficient of −0.68601 between them. Moreover, diurnal and nocturnal UHII showed differences across different gradients, which can help guide urban planning.
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific and heterologous immune responses in vaccine-naïve residents of long-term care facilities who survive natural infection
Authors: Tut Gokhan , Lancaster Tara , Butler Megan S. , Sylla Panagiota , Spalkova Eliska , Bone David , Kaur Nayandeep , Bentley Christopher , Amin Umayr , Jadir Azar T. , Hulme Samuel , Ayodel Morenike , Dowell Alexander C. , Pearce Hayden , Zuo Jianmin , Margielewska-Davies Sandra , Verma Kriti , Nicol Samantha , Begum Jusnara , Jinks Elizabeth , Tut Elif , Bruton Rachel , Krutikov Maria , Shrotri Madhumita , Giddings Rebecca , Azmi Borscha , Fuller Chris , Irwin-Singer Aidan , Hayward Andrew , Copas Andrew , Shallcross Laura , Moss Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe studied humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 152 long-term care facility staff and 124 residents over a prospective 4-month period shortly after the first wave of infection in England. We show that residents of long-term care facilities developed high and stable levels of antibodies against spike protein and receptor-binding domain. Nucleocapsid-specific responses were also elevated but waned over time. Antibodies showed stable and equivalent levels of functional inhibition against spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding in all age groups with comparable activity against viral variants of concern. SARS-CoV-2 seropositive donors showed high levels of antibodies to other beta-coronaviruses but serostatus did not impact humoral immunity to influenza or other respiratory syncytial viruses. SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular responses were similar across all ages but virus-specific populations showed elevated levels of activation in older donors. Thus, survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection show a robust and stable immunity against the virus that does not negatively impact responses to other seasonal viruses.
GPU-accelerated connectome discovery at scale
Authors: Sreenivasan Varsha , Kumar Sawan , Pestilli Franco , Talukdar Partha , Sridharan Devarajan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging and tractography enable the estimation of anatomical connectivity in the human brain, in vivo. Yet, without ground-truth validation, different tractography algorithms can yield widely varying connectivity estimates. Although streamline pruning techniques mitigate this challenge, slow compute times preclude their use in big-data applications. We present ‘Regularized, Accelerated, Linear Fascicle Evaluation’ (ReAl-LiFE), a GPU-based implementation of a state-of-the-art streamline pruning algorithm (LiFE), which achieves >100× speedups over previous CPU-based implementations. Leveraging these speedups, we overcome key limitations with LiFE’s algorithm to generate sparser and more accurate connectomes. We showcase ReAl-LiFE’s ability to estimate connections with superlative test–retest reliability, while outperforming competing approaches. Moreover, we predicted inter-individual variations in multiple cognitive scores with ReAl-LiFE connectome features. We propose ReAl-LiFE as a timely tool, surpassing the state of the art, for accurate discovery of individualized brain connectomes at scale. Finally, our GPU-accelerated implementation of a popular non-negative least-squares optimization algorithm is widely applicable to many real-world problems.
Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue
Authors: Huntley Naomi , Brandt Marilyn E , Becker Cynthia C , Miller Carolyn A , Meiling Sonora S , Correa Adrienne M S , Holstein Daniel M , Muller Erinn M , Mydlarz Laura D , Smith Tyler B , Apprill Amy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a widespread and deadly disease that affects nearly half of Caribbean coral species. To understand the microbial community response to this disease, we performed a disease transmission experiment on US Virgin Island (USVI) corals, exposing six species of coral with varying susceptibility to SCTLD. The microbial community of the surface mucus and tissue layers were examined separately using a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing approach, and data were analyzed to identify microbial community shifts following disease acquisition, potential causative pathogens, as well as compare microbiota composition to field-based corals from the USVI and Florida outbreaks. While all species displayed similar microbiome composition with disease acquisition, microbiome similarity patterns differed by both species and mucus or tissue microhabitat. Further, disease exposed but not lesioned corals harbored a mucus microbial community similar to those showing disease signs, suggesting that mucus may serve as an early warning detection for the onset of SCTLD. Like other SCTLD studies in Florida, Rhodobacteraceae, Arcobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Fusibacter, Marinifilaceae, and Vibrionaceae dominated diseased corals. This study demonstrates the differential response of the mucus and tissue microorganisms to SCTLD and suggests that mucus microorganisms may be diagnostic for early disease exposure.
Efficacy of aerobic and resistance exercises in improving visceral adipose in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fu Lixiang , Zhang Wenyue , Ao Yupei , Zheng Zhongling , Hu Huaidong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic disease that can cause liver deterioration if insufficiently diagnosed and untreated. The verification of whether exercise interventions improve liver enzymes and lipid and glucose parameters is scant.
Aim We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of aerobic and resistance exercise interventions in patients with NAFLD.
Methods We searched the related studies in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. We screened 1129 articles published before September 1, 2021, based on the inclusion and exclusion standards, after which 17 articles with a total of 1168 participants were finally included. The indices of liver enzymes and lipid and glucose metabolism were gathered and examined by Stata SE.
Results The outcomes suggested that aerobic and resistance exercise can markedly improve the parameters of liver enzymes, blood lipids, and glucose, and especially visceral adipose tissue (weighted mean different [WMD] = −8.3 at 95% CI [−11.59 to −5.00], p < 0.0001), in patients with NAFLD.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that aerobic and resistance exercises positively affect NAFLD treatment. To further quantify the effects on patients with NAFLD, a more specific and uniform exercise program should be proposed.
Performance measures for the SACRED team-centered approach to advanced gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Ching Hey-Long , Lau Michelle S. , Azmy Iman A. , Hopper Andrew D. , Keuchel Martin , Gyökeres Tibor , Kuvaev Roman , Macken Elisabeth J. , Bhandari Pradeep , Thoufeeq Mo , Leclercq Philippe , Rutter Matthew D. , Veitch Andrew M. , Bisschops Raf , Sanders David S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and United European Gastroenterology have defined performance measures for upper and lower gastrointestinal, pancreaticobiliary, and small-bowel endoscopy. Quality indicators to guide endoscopists in the growing field of advanced endoscopy are also underway. We propose that equal attention is given to developing the entire advanced endoscopy team and not the individual endoscopist alone.We suggest that the practice of teams intending to deliver high quality advanced endoscopy is underpinned by six crucial principles concerning: selection, acceptance, complications, reconnaissance, envelopment, and documentation (SACRED).
Resection depth and layer of underwater versus conventional endoscopic mucosal resection of intermediate-sized colorectal polyps: A pilot study
Authors: Nomura Hiroki , Tsuji Shigetsugu , Utsunomiya Manami , Kawasaki Azusa , Tsuji Kunihiro , Yoshida Naohiro , Takemura Kenichi , Katayanagi Kazuyoshi , Minato Hiroshi , Doyama Hisashi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Curability of colorectal tumors is associated with resection depth and layer in endoscopic resection. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has not undergone sufficient histopathological evaluation. We conducted a pilot study to compare the effectiveness, including resection depth and layer, of UEMR and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR).
Patients and methods This study was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients with colorectal lesions were treated by UEMR or CEMR between January 2018 and March 2020. Eligible patients were selected from included patients in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching. We compared the resection depth and layer and treatment results between the UEMR and CEMR groups.
Results We evaluated 55 patients undergoing UEMR and 291 patients undergoing CEMR. Using propensity score matching, we analyzed 54 lesions in each group. The proportion of specimens containing submucosal tissue was 100 % in both groups. The median thickness of the submucosal tissue was significantly greater in the CEMR group than in the UEMR group [1235 µm (95 % confidence interval [CI], 1020–1530 µm) vs. 950 µm (95 % CI, 830–1090 µm), respectively]. However, vertical margins were negative in all lesions in both groups.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that the median thickness of submucosal tissue in the UEMR group was about 1,000 μm. Even though the resection depth achieved with UEMR was more superficial than that achieved with CEMR, UEMR may be a treatment option, especially for colorectal lesions ≤ 20 mm in diameter without suspicious findings of submucosal deeply invasive cancer.
Treating Insulin Resistance with Intermittent Personalized Nutrition
to Sustain Metabolic Health and Functioning Immune System for Risk Reduction of
Viral Diseases Especially COVID-19 and Long-COVID
Authors: Rohner Markus , Schwarz Peter E. H. , Bornstein Stefan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has provided new and strong evidence for poor outcomes of
viral infection in patients with poor metabolic health. Insulin resistance is at
the root of many metabolic conditions and a key driver of their progression as
it promotes ineffectual inflammation whilst impairing immune functions. In a
vicious circle, insulin resistance facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection, whilst
infection drives insulin resistance. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and
explore ways to improve metabolic health and prevent insulin resistance through
early detection and targeted nutritional interventions. With proven efficacy in
prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and their cardiovascular and organ complications,
as much as non-alcoholic liver disease, we argue to extend such approaches to
ensure resilience to the current pandemic and viral challenges beyond.
Inborn Errors of Immunity among Egyptian Children with Recurrent Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Abd Elsameea Mohammed , Abd-Elkader Mohammed , Fahmy Eman M. , Abdelkreem Elsayed , ElTaher Mostafa A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to investigate the relative frequency and pattern of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) among Egyptian children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM).
Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included children from the age of 6 months to 16 years with rAOM. Those with structural, functional, and environmental risk factors were excluded. Enrolled children underwent thorough clinical, otorhinolaryngological, and immunological evaluation, including hematological counting, quantitative immunoglobulins assay, lymphocytic flow cytometric immunophenotyping, CH50, and phagocytic function tests.
Results The study included 69 children with rAOM (44 boys and 25 girls; median age 30 months). IEIs were identified in 14 children, including transient hypogammaglobulinemia (three cases), selective IgA deficiency (three cases), agammaglobulinemia (two cases), common variable immunodeficiency (two cases), and one case for each of congenital neutropenia, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, hyper IgM syndrome, and Griscelli syndrome. Parental consanguinity and history of unexplained/infection-related siblings' deaths were significantly associated with IEIs (p = 0.018 and 0.003, respectively). AOM and related complications were more frequent among IEI cases (p = 0.018 and 0.032, respectively). IEI cases had lower levels of hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.80 vs. 12.3 ± 1.64 g/dL; p = 0.002), IgG (203 [78–1,370] vs. 708 [42.3–1,509] mg/dL; p = 0.000), and IgA (24.3 [3–310] vs. 80 [15.6–305] mg/dL; p = 0.009) compared with non-IEI cases.
Conclusion The current study identified IEIs in one-fifth of children with rAOM, most of which were predominately antibody deficiencies. An immunological workup for rAOM is particularly important in the presence of certain indicators for IEIs, provided that other more common risk factors are excluded.
COVID-19 Symptoms with Pre-Existing and Not Pre-Existing Neurological Disorders in Pediatrics
Authors: Yimenicioglu Sevgi , Ekici Arzu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children with pre-existing neurological disease are unknown. We aimed to find out the difference in the symptoms of children with pre-existing neurological disease and those without.
Methods In this single-center, retrospective, cohort study, 96 pediatric patients who had COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2021 were enrolled.
Results There were 35 males and 61 females. The median age was 14 years (interquartile range [IQR] 10.25–16). Fever (38.5%), headache (35.4%), and cough (32.3%) were the most common symptoms. In 53.1%, neurological complaints (headache, taste-smell loss, vertigo, febrile seizure, coma, and ataxia), in 40.6%, respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea, rhinitis, and pharyngitis), and in 8.3%, gastrointestinal symptoms (gastroenteritis, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain) were seen. While 23 (62.2%) patients with fever did not have neurological complaints, 14 (37.8%) had neurological complaints (p = 0.017). Eight (21.6%) patients with fever were hospitalized (p = 0.067). Fever was seen significantly more frequently with pre-existing neurological disease (p < 0.001). Younger children were more likely to have fever (p = 0.008). Headaches and taste–smell loss were seen more frequently in patients with no pre-existing neurological disease (p < 0.001, p = 0.034, respectively). The patients with headaches were older than the ones without headaches (p < 0.001). Patients with headaches and loss of taste and smell were older than those without (p = 0.003).
Conclusion Neurological symptoms differed significantly between those who had pre-existing neurological disease and those who did not. Headaches and taste–smell loss were seen more frequently in patients with no pre-existing neurological disease. Fever was significantly higher in patients who had pre-existing neurological disease.
Quantifying Complications: An Analysis of Operative Time and Intraoperative Factors in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Egan Katie G. , Elver Ashlie A. , Godbe Kerilyn N. , Nazir Niaman , Holding Julie , Butterworth James , Lai Eric 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Analysis of operative flow has been shown to improve efficiency in breast microsurgery. Both complex decision-making skills and technical mastery are required to overcome intraoperative challenges encountered during microsurgical reconstruction. Effects of intraoperative complications on operative time have not yet been reported.
Methods A retrospective chart review of microsurgical breast reconstructions by three surgeons between 2013–2020 analyzed operative variables and duration. Intraoperative complications were determined from the operative report. Correlations between continuous variables were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients. Nonparametric testing was used when comparing operative duration between groups.
Results Operative duration was analyzed for 547 autologous breast reconstruction cases; 210 reconstructions were unilateral and 337 were bilateral. Average operative duration was 471.2 SD 132.2 minutes overall (360.1 SD 100.5 minutes for unilateral cases and 530.5 SD 110.5 minutes for bilateral cases). Operative duration decreased with surgeon experience (r = -0.17, p< .001).Regarding intraoperative complications, difficult donor dissection was correlated with an average operative duration increase of 91.7 minutes (n = 43, 7.9%, p< .001), pedicle injury with an additional 67.7 minutes (n = 19, 3.5%, p = .02) and difficult recipient vessel dissection with an increase of 63.0 minutes (n = 35, 6.4%, p = .003). Complications with anastomosis also showed a statistically significant increase in operative duration, with arterial complications resulting in an increase of 104.3 minutes (n = 41, 7.5%, p< .001) and venous complications resulting in an increase in 78.8 minutes (n = 32, 5.8%, p< .001). Intraoperative thrombus resulted in an increase of 125.5 minutes (n = 20, 3.7%, p< .001), and requiring alternative venous outflow added an average of 193.7 minutes (n = 8, 1.5%, p< .001).
Conclusion Intraoperative complications in autologous breast reconstruction significantly increase operative time. The greatest increase in operative time is seen with intraoperative thrombosis or requiring alternative venous outflow. As these complications are rarely encountered in breast microsurgery, opportunities for simulation and case-based practice exist to improve efficiency.
Semantics of the Chinese passive construction with retained object
Authors: Jiang Canzhong , Wen Xu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Chinese Passive Construction with Retained Object (CPCRO) has aroused extensive attention from scholars especially advocators of Generative Grammar due to its syntactic idiosyncrasy. Previous researches primarily concerned with such syntactic idiosyncrasy concentrate on issues of its syntactic derivation but fail to provide an empirically responsible and consensual explanation for all its instantiations. This paper initiates a new perspective by focusing on its semantics on the basis of Construction Grammar. It is argued that CPCRO is a construction with its constructional meaning characterized by a causative meaning that profiles the causee’s change. This passive causative meaning is elaborated by three verb-class-specific semantic variants, i.e., the passive cause-motion variant associated with motion verbs or verbs entailing motion and specifying the causee’s change of location, the passive cause-result variant associated with verbs of making or creating and specifying the causee’s change of state, and the passive cause-receive/lose variant associated with ditransitive verbs or verbs with the potential of taking double objects and specifying the causee’s change of possession. They are structured into a polysemy network in the sense that the passive cause-result variant is metaphorically extended from the passive cause-motion variant, whereas the passive cause-receive/lose variant encoding the object-dual-based conceptualization of Event Structure directly relates to the passive cause-motion variant which encodes the location-dual-based conceptualization, and indirectly to the passive cause-result variant which preserves the location-dual-based conceptualization due to the invariance principle of metaphorical mapping, through profile shift.