bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sliding‐mode‐based active fault‐tolerant control for robust trajectory tracking in quad‐rotors under a rotor failure
Authors: Falcón Romeo , Ríos Héctor , Dzul Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article an active fault‐tolerant control (FTC) is developed for the tracking problem in a quad‐rotor under the effects of a rotor failure and external disturbances. Such a strategy is composed of a finite‐time sliding‐mode observer, which estimates the full state from the measurable output and identifies uniformly bounded and Lipschitz disturbances. The failure scenario is analyzed in order to identify how it affects the dynamics. It is assumed that the failure has been isolated. The FTC design is composed of PID and continuous high‐order sliding‐modes controllers that allow the yaw angular velocity to remain bounded and the position tracking to be achieved even in the presence of some external disturbances. The closed‐loop stability is formally proven. Numerical simulations show the performance of the proposed control strategy.
Implementing Learning‐Oriented Assessment (LOA) Among Limited‐Proficiency EFL Students: Challenges, Strategies, and Students' Reactions
Authors: Zhao Cecilia Guanfang , Qi Qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite increasing scholarship on learning‐oriented assessment (LOA) and the promotion of LOA in various educational contexts, few studies have examined the challenges faced by language teachers while implementing LOA in authentic educational settings, especially an exam‐dominant context that is deemed unconducive to LOA implementation (Carless, 2017). Even fewer have investigated the complexity of LOA implementation in such a context with students of limited proficiency. The present case study, therefore, focused on unveiling a language teacher's struggles and strategies when implementing LOA in such an EFL context with limited‐proficiency learners, as well as students' perceptions of and engagement with such LOA practices. Analysis of data from classroom observations and semi‐structured interviews with the teacher revealed three major LOA implementation endeavors in response to the challenges she faced: (1) breaking down the teacher–student hierarchy to enhance learner autonomy, (2) tailor‐making LOA tasks to align with students' cognitive and proficiency levels, and (3) engaging students with interesting ungraded LOA tasks. Results also showed an overall positive attitude among students toward such LOA practices. Theoretical and pedagogical implications were discussed based on such findings, calling for more nuanced implementations of LOA in relation to specific contextual and learner characteristics.
Retrospective study identifying risk factors for dacryocystitis in pet rabbits
Authors: Hedley Joanna , Ede Victoria , Dawson Charlotte 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDacryocystitis has been suggested to be a relatively common condition in pet rabbits and is often associated with concurrent disease. The aim of this study was to investigate potential risk factors associated with dacryocystitis in a pet rabbit population.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records from all rabbit cases evaluated at a single first opinion/referral UK exotics clinic between 2015 and 2018 was performed.ResultsDacryocystitis was identified in 55 of 821 rabbits (6.70%) examined over the study period. Of those rabbits with dacryocystitis, dental disease was found in 24 rabbits (45%), respiratory disease in 20 rabbits (38%), aural disease in seven rabbits (13%) and concurrent ocular disorders in 15 rabbits (23%). Breed status was found to be a significant risk factor, with Lionhead/Lionhead cross and Dwarf Lop/Dwarf Lop cross rabbits being more likely to have dacryocystitis.ConclusionThese results suggest that a breed predisposition for dacryocystitis may exist, particularly for the popular Lionhead and Dwarf Lop rabbits, and veterinarians should advise clients on this accordingly.
Transfer and persistence of bovine immunoglobulins in lambs fed a colostrum replacer
Authors: Johnson Thea , Jacobson Bryan Tegner , Jones Kerri , Mosdal Cassie , Jones Steve , Vitkovic Maia , Kruppenbacher Sam , Sebrell Andy , Bimczok Diane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundColostrum‐derived antibodies are crucial for the protection of newborn lambs from infectious diseases. Several colostrum replacer products that contain bovine antibodies are on the market. We investigated the absorption and persistence of bovine antibodies from a powdered colostrum replacer in newborn lambs.MethodsWe tested a lamb colostrum replacer containing bovine serum in lambs that were separated from their dams at birth. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) uptake was analysed by ELISA, and the persistence of antigen‐specific antibodies was analysed by parainfluenza 3 virus (PI‐3) neutralisation assay.ResultsSerum antibody ELISA performed on days 1 and 14 revealed IgG levels of 17.9 ± 2.8 and 27.5 ± 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. PI‐3 antibodies derived from the colostrum replacer were present for 86.3 ± 10.6 days.ConclusionsAntibodies derived from bovine serum protein delivered to lambs via a commercial colostrum replacer are readily absorbed and persist for months, suggesting that these products may offer adequate protection.
Enhanced physicomechanical performance of nitrile rubber composites by utilizing eco‐friendly natural oil as a plasticizer
Authors: Mahmoud Doaa S. , Said Ataa A. , El‐Kader Amal E. Abd , El‐Sabbagh Salwa H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPetroleum oil derivatives have been used as a primary plasticizer in rubber compounding for tire applications. Due to the toxicity of petroleum oil derivatives, much attention has been paid to substituting them with renewable sources, aiming to produce more environmentally friendly rubber formulations. Although it harms the environment, it is also a nonrenewable resource that necessarily needs to be replaced. The present work aims to study the effects of vegetable and fruit oils as eco‐friendly processing oils for rubber products. The nitrile rubber (NBR) compounding contains a specific amount of vegetable‐based oil, linseed oil (LO), fruit‐based oil, Citrus volkameriana (CV), as alternatives to petroleum‐based oil, and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The performance of NBR composites containing different processing aids was evaluated regarding the compounds' rheological, mechanical, and aging properties. To sum up, the study showed that substituting petroleum‐based oil with natural oil could substantially enhance the mechanical properties besides the other advantages such as decreased compound cost and increased cure rate.
TCFHs, hidden symmetries and type II theories
Authors: Grimanellis L. , Papadopoulos G. , Phillips J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFH) of type IIA and IIB 10-dimensional supergravities and show that all form bilinears of supersymmetric backgrounds satisfy the conformal Killing-Yano equation with respect to a TCFH connection. We also compute the Killing-Stäckel, Killing-Yano and closed conformal Killing-Yano tensors of all spherically symmetric type II brane backgrounds and demonstrate that the geodesic flow on these solutions is completely integrable by giving all independent charges in involution. We then identify all form bilinears of common sector and D-brane backgrounds which generate hidden symmetries for particle and string probe actions. We also explore the question on whether charges constructed from form bilinears are sufficient to prove the integrability of probes on supersymmetric backgrounds.
Phases of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 quivers in 2 + 1 dimensions
Authors: Bashmakov Vladimir , Gorini Nicola 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider the IR phases of two-node quiver theories with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry in d = 2 + 1 dimensions. It turns out that the discussion splits into two main cases, depending on whether the Chern-Simons levels associated with the two nodes have the same sign, or the opposite signs, with the latter case being more non-trivial. The determination of the phase diagrams allows us to conjecture certain infrared dualities involving either two quiver theories, or a quiver and adjoint QCD. We also provide a short discussion on quivers possessing time reversal symmetry.
The effect of intraday periodicity on realized volatility measures
Authors: Dette Holger , Golosnoy Vasyl , Kellermann Janosch 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe focus on estimating daily integrated volatility (IV) by realized measures based on intraday returns following a discrete-time stochastic model with a pronounced intraday periodicity (IP). We demonstrate that neglecting the IP-impact on realized estimators may lead to invalid statistical inference concerning IV for a common finite number of intraday returns. For a given IP functional form, we analytically derive robust IP-correction factors for realized measures of IV as well as their asymptotic distributions. We show both in Monte Carlo simulations and empirically that the proposed bias corrections are the robust way to account for IP by computing realized estimators.
The cashless man: do preferences matter?
Authors: Bruno Bruna , Faggini Marisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the relationship between individual preferences and the use of cash. Building on insights from economic and psychological literature, we present an agent-based model simulating consumers’ behaviour when choosing which mean of payment to use, according the value of the transaction. Assuming heterogeneous preferences for mean of payment, results show that the number of cash transactions and their value strongly depend on both the consumption and the preference structure. Results are validated with EU countries’ data, considering different national policies adopted on the cash usage.
Self-management of vaginal cube pessaries may be a game changer for pelvic organ prolapse treatment: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: Nemeth Zoltan , Kolumban Szilard , Schmidt Roxana , Gubas Peter , Kovacs Kalman , Farkas Balint 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Loss of anatomical support for the pelvic organs results in pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesized that daily self-management of a cube pessary might be a safe, feasible long-term treatment in women with symptomatic POP.

Methods
A cohort of 214 symptomatic POP patients (stage 2+) were enrolled prospectively (January to December 2015). Each patient was size-fitted with a space-filling cube pessary and completed a questionnaire online or by phone ≥5 years after her initial fitting. Change in quality of life (QoL) was measured with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I).

Results
Of 185 women included in our analyses, 174 (94%) were continuing to use their pessary 4 weeks post-insertion. Among those, 143 (82.2%) used the pessary successfully for ≥5 years. A large majority of these patients (88.8% [127 out of 143]) described their condition as much or very much improved compared with their pretreatment status (PGI–I). Adverse secondary effects (ASEs) were infrequent [15.4% (22 out of 143)]; when they did occur, they were mild, including smelly vaginal discharge (15 out of 22) and slight vaginal bleeding caused by the fitting procedure (6 out of 22).

Conclusions
Daily self-management of cube pessaries was found to be a safe and effective treatment for improving POP-related symptoms and QoL in the long term.
Ungewöhnliches Unfallgeschehen: zweimalige Überrollung durch einen Radlader
Authors: Wöss Claudia , Rabl Walter , Weber Anja 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2020 ereigneten sich in Österreich insgesamt 76.082 Arbeitsunfälle. Als häufigste Ursache für Unfälle (39,1 %) wurde dabei der „Verlust der Kontrolle über eine Maschine, ein Handwerkszeug, ein Fahrzeug oder Ähnliches“ angegeben. Eine der Hauptaufgaben der Gerichtsmedizin bei der Untersuchung von Verunfallten besteht darin, den möglichen Unfallhergang zu rekonstruieren. Ein Décollement gilt als Hinweis für einen stattgefundenen Anfahr- oder Überrollvorgang eines Menschen durch ein Fahrzeug und kann beispielsweise Rückschlüsse auf die Anfahrposition ermöglichen. Vorgestellt wird ein tödlicher Arbeitsunfall, bei dem ein Mann zweimalig durch einen Radlader überrollt wurde. Infolge des ersten Überrollens kam es zur Ausbildung eines ausgedehnten Décollements im Bereich des rechten Unter- und Oberschenkels bzw. im Beckenbereich. Die zweite Überrollung führte zur Verlagerung von Brust- bzw. Bauchorganen in die vorgeformten Taschen bzw. nach extrakorporal.
Cross‐Sectional Analysis of 180,595 Lower Limb Amputations in the State of Sao Paulo Over 12 Years
Authors: Biagioni Rodrigo Bruno , Louzada Andressa Cristina Sposato , Biagioni Luiza Ciucci , da Silva Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Wolosker Nelson 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLower limb amputations represent a high social, economic and health burden. Most of them are preventable and reflect areas for improvement in health care, making it essential to know their epidemiology.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective population‐based cross‐sectional analysis on all lower limb amputations performed in public hospitals in Sao Paulo between 2009 and 2020, the most populous Brazilian state, with 46 million inhabitants. Using a public database, we evaluated types, rates and trends of the amputations performed, main etiologies leading to the indication for amputation, hospital length of stay and in‐hospital mortality rates, demographics of the amputees and procedure costs.ResultsIn total, 180,595 lower limb amputations and surgical revision of amputations were performed, with toe amputations (45%) and major amputations (33%) being the most frequent types of surgeries, with a recent significant increase in the rates for both these procedures. Peripheral artery disease was the most frequent etiology, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. Most patients were male (69.3%), Caucasians (55.6%) and elderly. August was the month with the highest number of amputations in all years. Overall in‐hospital mortality after lower limb amputations was 6.6%. Total reimbursed by the government was US$ 67,675,875.55.ConclusionsPeripheral artery disease is the most frequent underlying diagnosis for lower limb amputations, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. We observed seasonality in procedure rates, with peaks in August in all years.
Validation of diagnostic nomograms based on CE–MS urinary biomarkers to detect clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Frantzi Maria , Heidegger Isabel , Roesch Marie C. , Gomez-Gomez Enrique , Steiner Eberhard , Vlahou Antonia , Mullen William , Guler Ipek , Merseburger Axel S. , Mischak Harald , Culig Zoran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, one major issue in PCa research is to accurately distinguish between indolent and clinically significant (csPCa) to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. In this study, we aim to validate the usefulness of diagnostic nomograms (DN) to detect csPCa, based on previously published urinary biomarkers.

Methods
Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry was employed to validate a previously published biomarker model based on 19 urinary peptides specific for csPCa. Added value of the 19-biomarker (BM) model was assessed in diagnostic nomograms including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density and the risk calculator from the European Randomized Study of Screening. For this purpose, urine samples from 147 PCa patients were collected prior to prostate biopsy and before performing digital rectal examination (DRE). The 19-BM score was estimated via a support vector machine-based software based on the pre-defined cutoff criterion of − 0.07. DNs were subsequently developed to assess added value of integrative diagnostics.

Results
Independent validation of the 19-BM resulted in an 87% sensitivity and 65% specificity, with an AUC of 0.81, outperforming PSA (AUC PSA: 0.64), PSA density (AUC PSAD: 0.64) and ERSPC-3/4 risk calculator (0.67). Integration of 19-BM with the rest clinical variables into distinct DN, resulted in improved (AUC range: 0.82–0.88) but not significantly better performances over 19-BM alone.

Conclusion
19-BM alone or upon integration with clinical variables into DN, might be useful for detecting csPCa by decreasing the number of biopsies.
Imaging for risk stratification of sudden cardiac death
Authors: van der Bijl Pieter , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) can be effectively prevented with the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Current guidelines advocate an ICD for primary prevention in the presence of an left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%. The majority of individuals that experience SCD, however, have an LVEF > 35%. Multimodality cardiac imaging has the ability to visualize the three factors responsible for arrhythmia-mediated SCD, namely substrate, trigger and modulator. Advances in cardiac imaging techniques have allowed improved SCD risk stratification, especially in the group of patients with an LVEF > 35%. However, clinical integration of cardiac imaging for SCD risk stratification will require more comparative data between modalities and parameters, as well as evidence of an impact on outcomes. The current review represents an update on the use of multimodality imaging techniques for SCD risk stratification.
Contribution of TLR4 to colorectal tumor microenvironment, etiology and prognosis
Authors: Crame Elise E. , Nourmohammadi Saeed , Wardill Hannah R. , Coller Janet K. , Bowen Joanne M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is increasingly recognized for its ability to govern the etiology and prognostic outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to its profound immunomodulatory capacity. Despite widespread interest in TLR4 and CRC, no clear analysis of current literature and data exists. Therefore, translational advances have failed to move beyond conceptual ideas and suggestions.

Methods
We aimed to determine the relationship between TLR4 and CRC through a systematic review and analysis of published literature and datasets. Data were extracted from nine studies that reported survival, CRC staging and tumor progression data in relation to TLR4 expression. Primary and metastatic tumor samples with associated clinical data were identified through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Results
Systematic review identified heterogeneous relationships between TLR4 and CRC traits, with no clear theme evident across studies. A total of 448 datasets were identified through the TCGA database. Analysis of TCGA datasets revealed TLR4 mRNA expression is decreased in advanced CRC stages (P < 0.05 for normal vs Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV). Stage-dependent impact of TLR4 expression on survival outcomes were also found, with high TLR4 expression associated with poorer prognosis (stage I vs III (HR = 4.2, P = 0.008) and stage I vs IV (HR = 11.3, P < 0.001)).

Conclusion
While TLR4 mRNA expression aligned with CRC staging, it appeared to heterogeneously regulate survival outcomes depending on the stage of disease. This underscores the complex relationship between TLR4 and CRC, with unique impacts dependent on disease stage.
Komponenten der Messunsicherheit eines Faraday-Magnetometers
Authors: Piepgras Ruben , Zagar Bernhard G. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird ein magneto-optischer Sensor auf Basis des Faraday-Effekts vorgestellt. Hiermit können anhand der Messung einer Komponente der magnetischen Flussdichte zerstörungsfrei und sogar kontaktlos elektrische Stromdichten und Permanentmagnetisierungen bestimmt werden. Aufgrund seiner Bauweise kann der Sensor bis zu $$6\,\upmu\text{m}$$

6

μ
m

an das Messobjekt angenähert werden. In der vorgestellten Anwendung sollen magnetische Muster mit Strukturgrößen von $$50\,\upmu\text{m}$$

50

μ
m

mit Remanenzen im Bereich 0 mT bis 500 mT auf $$1\,\text{m}\text{T}$$

1

mT

aufgelöst werden. Der Aufbau wird bezüglich seiner Messunsicherheit hinsichtlich dieser Anforderung untersucht. Es soll aber darüber hinaus herausgestellt werden, was allgemein bei der Umsetzung eines Faraday-Magnetometers beachtet werden muss. Dies ermöglicht das Abschätzen des Potenzials für eine große Bandbreite möglicher Anwendungen.
Scale characteristics of variable returns-to-scale production technologies with ratio inputs and outputs
Authors: Olesen Ole Bent , Petersen Niels Christian , Podinovski Victor V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractApplications of data envelopment analysis (DEA) often include inputs and outputs represented as percentages, ratios and averages, collectively referred to as ratio measures. It is known that conventional DEA models cannot correctly incorporate such measures. To address this gap, the authors have previously developed new variable and constant returns-to-scale models and computational procedures suitable for the treatment of ratio measures. The focus of this new paper is on the scale characteristics of the variable returns-to-scale production frontiers with ratio inputs and outputs. This includes the notions of the most productive scale size (MPSS), scale and overall efficiency as measures of divergence from MPSS. Additional development concerns alternative notions of returns to scale arising in models with ratio measures. To keep the exposition as general as possible and suitable in different contexts, we allow all scale characteristics to be evaluated with respect to any selected subsets of volume and ratio inputs and outputs, while keeping the remaining measures constant. Overall, this new paper aims at expanding the range of techniques available in applications with ratio measures.
A phenomenographic approach on teacher conceptions of teaching Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K-12 schools
Authors: Yau King Woon , CHAI C. S. , Chiu Thomas K. F. , Meng Helen , King Irwin , Yam Yeung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) education for K-12 students is an emerging necessity, owing to the rapid advancement and deployment of AI technologies. It is essential to take teachers’ perspectives into account when creating ecologically valid AI education programmes for K-12 settings. However, very few studies investigated teacher perception of AI education. Phenomenography is an empirical research method that was widely used to understand teacher’s interpretive understanding of new phenomenon, in this study, the teaching of AI in secondary school. Therefore, the present study investigated teachers’ conceptions of teaching AI using a phenomenographic approach. Twenty-eight in-service teachers from 17 secondary schools in Hong Kong were invited to participate in an interview after implementing an AI curriculum. Six categories of teacher conceptions were identified: (1) technology bridging, (2) knowledge delivery, (3) interest stimulation, (4) ethics establishment, (5) capability cultivation, and (6) intellectual development. The hierarchical relationships of the six concepts were organised as an outcome space. The space shows a range of surface to deep conceptions and offers an understanding of how teachers perceive AI education through their teaching experience. Two learning paths have been suggested for cultivating technical and non-technical teachers for teaching AI. These learning paths provide insights for teacher educators and policymakers to enhance teachers’ competence in teaching AI and promote general AI education for K-12 students.