bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Construction of Stigma in Aged-Care Work: Implications for Health Professionals’ Work Intentions
Authors: Manchha Asmita V , Way Kïrsten A , Tann Ken , Thai Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although society has cultivated a deeper appreciation for essential health services, societal discourses reinforce a stigma of working in aged care. Drawing on dirty work and Stigma Theory, this study aims to investigate stigma in the context of recruiting health professionals.

Research Design and Methods
We employed a mixed-methods design to examine the nature and implications of the stigma of working in aged care. A path analysis was used to test whether health professionals’ (n = 159) negative perceptions of aged-care work would negatively predict their willingness to work in aged care. A linguistic analysis was conducted to understand how health professionals’ (n = 168) use of language positions themselves toward or away from engaging in aged-care work.

Results
Quantitative findings revealed that perceptions of physical taint directly predicted lower willingness to perform aged-care work. Perceptions of social taint, moral taint, and poor occupational conditions negatively predicted willingness to work in institutional aged care, indirectly via social devaluation. Findings from the linguistic analysis demonstrated that health professionals (re)produce stigma through aligning themselves with devaluing discourses about aged-care workers, work, and institutions.

Discussion and Implications
This study provides insight about the role that stigma plays in the aged-care recruitment crisis, with implications for aged-care institutions. Societal discourse may obstruct the employment of health professionals in aged care because it can (re)produce the stigma of working in aged care. Recommendations for ways to reduce the impact of this stigma include public messaging and training.
The kissing polynomials and their Hankel determinants
Authors: Celsus Andrew F , Deaño Alfredo , Huybrechs Daan , Iserles Arieh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate algebraic, differential and asymptotic properties of polynomials $p_n(x)$ that are orthogonal with respect to the complex oscillatory weight $w(x)=\mathrm {e}^{\mathrm {i}\omega x}$ on the interval $[-1,1]$, where $\omega&gt;0$. We also investigate related quantities such as Hankel determinants and recurrence coefficients. We prove existence of the polynomials $p_{2n}(x)$ for all values of $\omega \in \mathbb {R}$, as well as degeneracy of $p_{2n+1}(x)$ at certain values of $\omega $ (called kissing points). We obtain detailed asymptotic information as $\omega \to \infty $, using recent theory of multivariate highly oscillatory integrals, and we complete the analysis with the study of complex zeros of Hankel determinants, using the large $\omega $ asymptotics obtained before.
Inverting the ‘Gracelorn’ Father: Augustinian Notions of Evil and Goodness in Cormac McCarthy’S Outer Dark and The Road
Authors: Griffis Rachel B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cormac McCarthy’s novels Outer Dark (1968) and The Road (2006) project different visions of fatherhood, yet both focus on men who travel dark, unnamed roads as they grapple with their responsibility to their children. The relation between the two novels indicates the possibility that fatherhood is the primary vehicle through which McCarthy explores good and evil. By drawing on Saint Augustine’s privative theory, this article suggests that evil in Outer Dark signifies an absence or perversion of virtue while The Road presents goodness as active submission to a moral authority. Reading the two novels together consequently affirms Augustine’s suggestion that ‘in vice there lurks a counterfeit beauty’. The portrayal of fatherhood in The Road elucidates the ‘counterfeit beauty’ of Outer Dark, which extends and deepens the theological dimensions of both works.
Modeling the ribosomal small subunit dynamic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on TCP-seq data
Authors: Neumann Tamar , Tuller Tamir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Translation Complex Profile Sequencing (TCP-seq), a protocol that was developed and implemented on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides the footprints of the small subunit (SSU) of the ribosome (with additional factors) across the entire transcriptome of the analyzed organism. In this study, based on the TCP-seq data, we developed for the first-time a predictive model of the SSU density and analyzed the effect of transcript features on the dynamics of the SSU scan in the 5′UTR. Among others, our model is based on novel tools for detecting complex statistical relations tailored to TCP-seq. We quantitatively estimated the effect of several important features, including the context of the upstream AUG, the upstream ORF length and the mRNA folding strength. Specifically, we suggest that around 50% of the variance related to the read counts (RC) distribution near a start codon can be attributed to the AUG context score. We provide the first large scale direct quantitative evidence that shows that indeed AUG context affects the small sub-unit movement. In addition, we suggest that strong folding may cause the detachment of the SSU from the mRNA. We also identified a number of novel sequence motifs that can affect the SSU scan; some of these motifs affect transcription factors and RNA binding proteins. The results presented in this study provide a better understanding of the biophysical aspects related to the SSU scan along the 5′UTR and of translation initiation in S. cerevisiae, a fundamental step toward a comprehensive modeling of initiation.
Prediction of exotic hyperon halos in neutron-rich Zr hypernuclei
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Hiyama Emiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the single- and double-Λ hypernuclei in Zr isotopes with the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov model and Skyrme-type nucleon–nucleon, Λ–nucleon, and Λ–Λ interactions. We found two peculiar features of the Λ hyperon halo phenomena that have never been found in nuclei without the strangeness degree of freedom. One is the d-wave halo, and the other is a bunch of three halo orbits just below the Λ hyperon threshold in $^{137}_\Lambda$Zr and also in $^{138}_{\Lambda \Lambda }$Zr. We name these exotic halo phenomena giant hyperon halos in hypernuclei whose core nucleus 136Zr was predicted to have a “giant neutron halo.” The interaction between Λ hyperons and the neutrons is responsible for inducing giant hyperon halo phenomena in the single- and double-Λ nuclei $^{137}_\Lambda$Zr and $^{138}_{\Lambda \Lambda }$Zr.
Evidence for Shared Genetic Aetiology Between Schizophrenia, Cardiometabolic, and Inflammation-Related Traits: Genetic Correlation and Colocalization Analyses
Authors: Perry Benjamin I , Bowker Nicholas , Burgess Stephen , Wareham Nicholas J , Upthegrove Rachel , Jones Peter B , Langenberg Claudia , Khandaker Golam M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia commonly co-occurs with cardiometabolic and inflammation-related traits. It is unclear to what extent the comorbidity could be explained by shared genetic aetiology.MethodsWe used GWAS data to estimate shared genetic aetiology between schizophrenia, cardiometabolic, and inflammation-related traits: fasting insulin (FI), fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), lipids, body mass index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD), and C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined genome-wide correlation using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC); stratified by minor-allele frequency using genetic covariance analyzer (GNOVA); then refined to locus-level using heritability estimation from summary statistics (ρ-HESS). Regions with local correlation were used in hypothesis prioritization multi-trait colocalization to examine for colocalisation, implying common genetic aetiology.ResultsWe found evidence for weak genome-wide negative correlation of schizophrenia with T2D (rg = −0.07; 95% C.I., −0.03,0.12; P = .002) and BMI (rg = −0.09; 95% C.I., −0.06, −0.12; P = 1.83 × 10−5). We found a trend of evidence for positive genetic correlation between schizophrenia and cardiometabolic traits confined to lower-frequency variants. This was underpinned by 85 regions of locus-level correlation with evidence of opposing mechanisms. Ten loci showed strong evidence of colocalization. Four of those (rs6265 (BDNF); rs8192675 (SLC2A2); rs3800229 (FOXO3); rs17514846 (FURIN)) are implicated in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related pathways.ConclusionsLDSC may lead to downwardly-biased genetic correlation estimates between schizophrenia, cardiometabolic, and inflammation-related traits. Common genetic aetiology for these traits could be confined to lower-frequency common variants and involve opposing mechanisms. Genes related to BDNF and glucose transport amongst others may partly explain the comorbidity between schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disorders.
Different types of uncertainty distinguished by monkey prefrontal neurons
Authors: Matsumoto Madoka , Abe Hiroshi , Tanaka Keiji , Matsumoto Kenji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To adapt one’s behavior, in a timely manner, to an environment that changes in many different aspects, one must be sensitive to uncertainty about each aspect of the environment. Although the medial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the representation and reduction of a variety of uncertainties, it is unknown whether different types of uncertainty are distinguished by distinct neuronal populations. To investigate how the prefrontal cortex distinguishes between different types of uncertainty, we recorded neuronal activities from the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices of monkeys performing a visual feedback-based action-learning task in which uncertainty of coming feedback and that of context change varied asynchronously. We found that the activities of two groups of prefrontal cells represented the two different types of uncertainty. These results suggest that different types of uncertainty are represented by distinct neural populations in the prefrontal cortex.
A Multicenter Cohort Study of Falls Among Patients Admitted to the ICU*
Authors: Wu Guosong , Soo Andrea , Ronksley Paul , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Bagshaw Sean M. , Wu Qunhong , Quan Hude , Stelfox Henry T. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the incidence of falls, risk factors, and adverse outcomes, among patients admitted to the ICU.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Seventeen ICUs in Alberta, Canada.

PATIENTS:
Seventy-three thousand four hundred ninety-five consecutive adult patient admissions between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A mixed-effects negative binomial regression model was used to examine risk factors associated with falls. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate adverse outcomes. Six hundred forty patients experienced 710 falls over 398,223 patient days (incidence rate of 1.78 falls per 1,000 patient days [95% CI, 1.65–1.91]). The daily incidence of falls increased during the ICU stay (e.g., day 1 vs day 7; 0.51 vs 2.43 falls per 1,000 patient days) and varied significantly between ICUs (range, 0.37–4.64 falls per 1,000 patient days). Male sex (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15–1.63), previous invasive mechanical ventilation (IRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.40–2.38), previous sedative and analgesic medication infusions (IRR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.15–2.24), delirium (IRR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.23–4.58), and patient mobilization (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.21–1.30) were risk factors for falling. Falls were associated with longer ICU (ratio of means [RM], 3.10; 95% CI, 2.86–3.36) and hospital (RM, 2.21; 95% CI, 2.01–2.42) stays, but lower odds of death in the ICU (odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% CI, 0.05–0.17) and hospital (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.14–0.30).

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed that among ICU patients, falls occur frequently, vary substantially between ICUs, and are associated with modifiable risk factors, longer ICU and hospital stays, and lower risk of death. Our study suggests that fall prevention strategies should be considered for critically ill patients admitted to ICU.
Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rudolph Michelle W. , Kneyber Martin C. J. , Asaro Lisa A. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Wypij David , Curley Martha A. Q. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is common but unsupported by efficacy data. We sought to compare the outcomes between patients with moderate-to-severe PARDS receiving continuous NMBA during the first 48 hours of endotracheal intubation (early NMBA) and those without.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of data from the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) clinical trial, a pediatric multicenter cluster randomized trial of sedation.

SETTING:
Thirty-one PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Children 2 weeks to 17 years receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for moderate-to-severe PARDS (i.e., oxygenation index ≥ 8 and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph on days 0–1 of endotracheal intubation).

INTERVENTIONS:
NMBA for the entire duration of days 1 and 2 after intubation.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 1,182 RESTORE patients with moderate-to-severe PARDS, 196 (17%) received early NMBA for a median of 50.0% ventilator days (interquartile range, 33.3–60.7%). The propensity score model predicting the probability of receiving early NMBA included high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on days 0–2 (odds ratio [OR], 7.61; 95% CI, 4.75–12.21) and severe PARDS on days 0–1 (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.50–3.12). After adjusting for risk category, early use of NMBA was associated with a longer duration of MV (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.48–0.68; p < 0.0001), but not with mortality (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.92–2.85; p = 0.096) compared with no early use of NMBA. Other outcomes including cognitive, functional, and physical impairment at 6 months post-PICU discharge were similar. Outcomes did not differ when comparing high versus low NMBA usage sites or when patients were stratified by baseline Pao
2/Fio
2 less than 150.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early NMBA use was associated with a longer duration of MV. This propensity score analysis underscores the need for a randomized controlled trial in pediatrics.
Monitoring Spinal Cord Tissue Oxygen in Patients With Acute, Severe Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Visagan Ravindran , Hogg Florence R. A. , Gallagher Mathew J. , Kearney Siobhan , Zoumprouli Argyro , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Saadoun Samira 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the feasibility of monitoring tissue oxygen tension from the injury site (psct
o
2) in patients with acute, severe traumatic spinal cord injuries.

DESIGN:
We inserted at the injury site a pressure probe, a microdialysis catheter, and an oxygen electrode to monitor for up to a week intraspinal pressure (ISP), spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP), tissue glucose, lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR), and psct
o
2. We analyzed 2,213 hours of such data. Follow-up was 6–28 months postinjury.

SETTING:
Single-center neurosurgical and neurocritical care units.

SUBJECTS:
Twenty-six patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries, American spinal injury association Impairment Scale A–C. Probes were inserted within 72 hours of injury.

INTERVENTIONS:
Insertion of subarachnoid oxygen electrode (Licox; Integra LifeSciences, Sophia-Antipolis, France), pressure probe, and microdialysis catheter.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
psct
o
2 was significantly influenced by ISP (psct
o
2 26.7 ± 0.3 mm Hg at ISP > 10 mmHg vs psct
o
2 22.7 ± 0.8 mm Hg at ISP ≤ 10 mm Hg), SCPP (psct
o
2 26.8 ± 0.3 mm Hg at SCPP < 90 mm Hg vs psct
o
2 32.1 ± 0.7 mm Hg at SCPP ≥ 90 mm Hg), tissue glucose (psct
o
2 26.8 ± 0.4 mm Hg at glucose < 6 mM vs 32.9 ± 0.5 mm Hg at glucose ≥ 6 mM), tissue LPR (psct
o
2 25.3 ± 0.4 mm Hg at LPR > 30 vs psct
o
2 31.3 ± 0.3 mm Hg at LPR ≤ 30), and fever (psct
o
2 28.8 ± 0.5 mm Hg at cord temperature 37–38°C vs psct
o
2 28.7 ± 0.8 mm Hg at cord temperature ≥ 39°C). Tissue hypoxia also occurred independent of these factors. Increasing the Fio
2 by 0.48 increases psct
o
2 by 71.8% above baseline within 8.4 minutes. In patients with motor-incomplete injuries, fluctuations in psct
o
2 correlated with fluctuations in limb motor score. The injured cord spent 11% (39%) hours at psct
o
2 less than 5 mm Hg (< 20 mm Hg) in patients with motor-complete outcomes, compared with 1% (30%) hours at psct
o
2 less than 5 mm Hg (< 20 mm Hg) in patients with motor-incomplete outcomes. Complications were cerebrospinal fluid leak (5/26) and wound infection (1/26).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study lays the foundation for measuring and altering spinal cord oxygen at the injury site. Future studies are required to investigate whether this is an effective new therapy.
The incidence of second primary cancer in male and female patients with initial colorectal cancer: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Han Chao , Huang Yadi , Liu Chao , Sheng Siqi , Ji Linlin , Zhu Jialong , Fu Gongbo , Mao Xiaobei , Huang Mengxi , Lei Zengjie , Chu Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2022

Background
Second primary cancer (SPC) after primary colorectal cancer (CRC), emerges as a novel challenge for cancer prevention with pronounced differences between female and male patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of 140 907 CRC survivors from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database. Competing risk models and nomograms were constructed to predict the risk of SPCs, which were assessed with the C-Index, calibration and decision curve analysis.

Results
The 10-year cumulative incidence of SPC was higher in male than in female CRC survivors. The top five common SPCs in female CRC survivors were colorectal, breast, lung and bronchus, corpus and uterus and pancreatic cancers, while in male were prostate, colorectal, lung and bronchus, urinary cancer and melanoma of the skin. Breast and prostate were the most common sites for the development of SPCs after CRC. Older age, stage I and surgery were common risk factors for SPCs in both female and male. The nomogram for predicting the risk of developing SPC-breast cancer in female patients included age, race, site, histology grade, surgery, chemotherapy and stage. However, the model of predicting SPC-prostate cancer in male patients included age, race, site, size, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and stage. Notably, the nomograms were validated to have a precise discriminative ability, accuracy and clinical effectiveness.

Conclusions
The study surveyed the characteristics of CRC survivors with a particular focus on the incidence of SPC. The models could help supervise the development of a second breast or prostate cancer in female or male CRC survivors.
Primary Cutaneous Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in an Elderly Adult: A Rare Potential Mimic of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lindsey Miki S. , Bridge Julia A. , Douglas Donald S. , Foster Jennifer T. , Shalin Sara C. , Gardner Jerad M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) rarely arises as a primary skin tumor. It is also very rare in older adults, especially the alveolar type. We report an 80-year-old White woman who presented with a painful, erythematous, raised lesion (2 × 3.5 cm) above the left knee that was fixed within the skin, yet mobile about underlying soft tissue. A punch biopsy showed monotonous malignant round blue cells involving the dermis. Immunostains showed diffuse expression of CD56, focal chromogranin, focal dot-like pancytokeratin, CK7, and neurofilament, but negative for synaptophysin, CK20, SOX-10, MUM-1, CD43, TTF-1, and CD99. A CK20-negative variant of Merkel cell carcinoma was initially favored, but given the unusual immunophenotype and the presence of cellular dyscohesion, desmin and myogenin stains were performed, both of which were diffusely positive. Molecular testing revealed rearrangement of PAX3 and FOXO1 loci, confirming the diagnosis of alveolar RMS. PET/CT showed a probable 1.9-cm left inguinal lymph node metastasis; no internal or deep soft tissue primary tumor mass was identified, supporting a true primary cutaneous origin. Alveolar RMS may express keratins and neuroendocrine markers, making it easy to confuse with Merkel cell carcinoma on those exceptionally rare instances, when it arises in the skin of older adults.
A COVID-19 Patient Discharged According to Strict Discharge Standards: Viral Negativity in Both Nasopharynx and Feces
Authors: Chen Enqiang , Wang Lichun , Tang Guangming , Wang Menglan , Tao Yachao , Feng Ping , Tang Hong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) currently has spread all over the world. However, the dynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections have not previously been described in detail. Here, we report a cured patient in West China Hospital, and describe the dynamic detection of SARS-CoV-2-RNA in different specimens and viral specific IgM and IgG antibodies in blood. The findings suggest that the fecal SARS-CoV-2-RNA negativity may be considered as a new standard for de isolation. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies detection were helpful for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and judgment of patients in recovery stage, respectively.
Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Du Hong , Wang Pingzhong , Bai Xuefan , Li Jing , Wang Xiaoyan , Hu Haifeng , Zhang Ying , Jiang Hong , Shen Huanjun , Zhan Jiayi , Lian Jianqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute natural focus epidemic disease characterized by fever, shock, hemorrhage and kidney injury caused by hantavirus infection. Hantavirus mainly infects human vascular endothelial cells, and induces extensive damage to small blood vessels and capillaries. Increased vascular permeability is the pathological basis for clinical manifestations of HFRS. Although domestic and foreign scholars have carried out many studies on the hantavirus pathogenesis, such as the immune pathological response induced by hantavirus, host genetics and apoptosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation and fibrinolysis dysfunction, and the vascular endothelial damage, the pathogenesis of HFRS has not been fully elucidated and there is no effective drug yet. In-depth discussion of the molecular mechanism of HFRS and finding effective therapeutic drugs are still the research hotspots on the field of hantavirus/HFRS. This review will elaborate the research progress on the pathogenesis of HFRS in recent years.