bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and heating in the galactic disc from encounters between Sagittarius and the Milky Way
Authors: Carr Christopher , Johnston Kathryn V , Laporte Chervin F P , Ness Melissa K 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Stars born on near-circular orbits in spiral galaxies can subsequently migrate to different orbits due to interactions with non-axisymmetric disturbances within the disc such as bars or spiral arms. This paper extends the study of migration to examine the role of external influences using the example of the interaction of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr) with the Milky Way (MW). We first make impulse approximation estimates to characterize the influence of Sgr disc passages. The tidal forcing from Sgr can produce changes in both guiding radius ΔRg and orbital eccentricity, as quantified by the maximum radial excursion ΔRmax. These changes follow a quadrupole-like pattern across the face of the disc, with amplitude increasing with Galactocentric radius. We next examine a collisionless N-body simulation of a Sgr-like satellite interacting with an MW-like galaxy and find that Sgr’s influence in the outer disc dominates the secular evolution of orbits between disc passages. Finally, we use the same simulation to explore possible observable signatures of Sgr-induced migration by painting the simulation with different age stellar populations. We find that following Sgr disc passages, the migration it induces manifests within an annulus as an approximate quadrupole in azimuthal metallicity variations (δ[Fe/H]), along with systematic variations in orbital eccentricity, ΔRmax. These systematic variations can persist for several rotational periods. We conclude that this combination of signatures may be used to distinguish between the different migration mechanisms shaping the chemical abundance patterns of the MW’s thin disc.
Spectroscopic reverberation mapping of Quasar PKS 0736 + 017: broad-line region and black-hole mass
Authors: Pandey Shivangi , Rakshit Suvendu , Woo Jong-Hak , Stalin C S 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
To understand the mass distribution and co-evolution of supermassive black holes with their host galaxy, it is crucial to measure the black hole mass of AGN. Reverberation mapping is a unique tool to estimate the black hole masses in AGN. We performed spectroscopic reverberation study using long-term monitoring data with more than 100 spectra of a radio-loud quasar PKS 0736 + 017 to estimate the size of the broad-line region (BLR) and black hole mass. The optical spectrum shows strong H β and H γ emission lines. We generated the light curves of 5100 Å continuum flux (f5100), H β, and H γ. All the light curves are found to be strongly variable with fractional variability of 69 per cent, 21 per cent, 30 per cent for V-band, H β, and H γ light curves, respectively. Along with the thermal contribution, non-thermal emission contributes to the estimated continuum luminosity at 5100 Å. Using different methods, e.g. CCF, JAVELIN, von-neumann, we estimated the size of the BLR, which is found to be 66.4$^{+6.0}_{-4.2}$ light days in the rest frame. The BLR size combined with the line width of H β provides a black hole mass of 7.32$^{+0.89}_{-0.91} \times 10^{7}M_{\odot }$. The source closely follows the BLR size–luminosity relation of AGN.
Age-related muscle anabolic resistance: inevitable or preventable?
Authors: Aragon Alan A , Tipton Kevin D , Schoenfeld Brad J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAge-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, has wide-ranging detrimental effects on human health, the ramifications of which can have serious implications for both morbidity and mortality. Various interventional strategies have been proposed to counteract sarcopenia, with a particular emphasis on those employing a combination of exercise and nutrition. However, the efficacy of these interventions can be confounded by an age-related blunting of the muscle protein synthesis response to a given dose of protein/amino acids, which has been termed “anabolic resistance.” While the pathophysiology of sarcopenia is undoubtedly complex, anabolic resistance is implicated in the progression of age-related muscle loss and its underlying complications. Several mechanisms have been proposed as underlying age-related impairments in the anabolic response to protein consumption. These include decreased anabolic molecular signaling activity, reduced insulin-mediated capillary recruitment (thus, reduced amino acid delivery), and increased splanchnic retention of amino acids (thus, reduced availability for muscular uptake). Obesity and sedentarism can exacerbate, or at least facilitate, anabolic resistance, mediated in part by insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This narrative review addresses the key factors and contextual elements involved in reduction of the acute muscle protein synthesis response associated with aging and its varied consequences. Practical interventions focused on dietary protein manipulation are proposed to prevent the onset of anabolic resistance and mitigate its progression.
Music and the Politics of Culture in the Middle East
Authors: LeVine Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolution of extreme youth music (EYM) across the countries of the MENA during the last 40 years. After discussing the main historical roots of the genres associated with EYM—primarily more extreme forms of heavy metal, hip-hop, and hardcore—the chapter investigates the role of artists, fans, and scenes more broadly in the evolution of the youth subcultures in the first decade of the 21st century which, seemingly out of nowhere, morphed into powerful countercultural and even revolutionary forces beginning with the Tunisian revolution in late 2010, demonstrating the ways in which EYM offers a unique lens through which to understand these processes. I conclude by offering three areas where the study of EYM points to several felicitous new ways to study political contestation in the MENA and beyond: a spatialized analysis of the “aura” of the work of art, a decolonial and Indigenously grounded approach to research, and collaborative authorship with the artists and activists.
Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress
Authors: Verslues Paul E , Bailey-Serres Julia , Brodersen Craig , Buckley Thomas N , Conti Lucio , Christmann Alexander , Dinneny José R , Grill Erwin , Hayes Scott , Heckman Robert W , Hsu Po-Kai , Juenger Thomas E , Mas Paloma , Munnik Teun , Nelissen Hilde , Sack Lawren , Schroeder Julian I , Testerink Christa , Tyerman Stephen D , Umezawa Taishi , Wigge Philip A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
Dry Needling for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Griswold David , Learman Ken , Ickert Edmund , Tapp Annie , Ross Omar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of various applications of dry needling (DN) combined with other conservative treatments for subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS).

Methods
Six databases (PubMED, CINAHL, Biosis, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched after the study had been registered in PROSPERO. The authors included randomized clinical trials investigating the clinical effects of DN in combination with other conservative interventions for SAPS. Outcomes included pain and disability.

Results
Eight studies were selected. All eight studies involving 10 comparisons were included in the analyses (N = 538). A random-effects model was used to analyze between-group effects. Dry needling performed in combination with other conservative interventions produced favorable outcomes at all time points for pain and disability. Standard mean differences ranged from –0.57 (moderate) to –1.29 (large) for pain and –0.69 (moderate) to –1.07 (large) for disability, favoring groups receiving DN in addition to conservative treatment. Four of the eight studies were rated as having unclear or high risk of bias.

Conclusion
The meta-analysis suggests that various applications of DN performed with other conservative interventions are more effective than conservative treatment alone for reducing pain and disability in patients with SAPS. Direct-comparison studies are needed to determine whether one application of DN is superior to another.
Potential mechanisms for lung fibrosis associated with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Parimon T , Espindola M , Marchevsky A , Rampolla R , Chen P , Hogaboam C M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that currently lacks effective preventative or therapeutic measures. Post-viral lung fibrosis due to SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be progressive on selected patients using imaging studies. Persistent infiltration of macrophages and monocytes, a main feature of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary fibrosis, and long-lived circulating inflammatory monocytes might be driving factors promoting the profibrotic milieu in the lung. The upstream signal(s) that regulates the presence of these immune cells (despite complete viral clearance) remains to be explored. Current data indicate that much of the stimulating signals are localized in the lungs. However, an ongoing low-grade systemic inflammation in long Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms suggests that certain non-pulmonary regulators such as epigenetic changes in hematopoietic stem cells might be critical to the chronic inflammatory response. Since nearly one-third of the world population have been infected, a timely understanding of the underlying pathogenesis leading to tissue remodeling is required. Herein, we review the potential pathogenic mechanisms driving lung fibrosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection based upon available studies and our preliminary findings (Graphical abstract).
Wide moments ofL-functions II: dirichletL-functions
Authors: Nordentoft AsbjØrn Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study wide moments of Dirichlet L-functions using analytic properties of the Lerch zeta function. Among other things we obtain an asymptotic expansion of wide moments of Dirichlet L-functions (with arbitrary twists) extending results of Heath-Brown. We also give applications to non-vanishing.
Sustained glucocorticoid tapering in the phase 3 trials of anifrolumab: apost hocanalysis of the TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials
Authors: Bruce Ian N , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Morand Eric F , Furie Richard A , Manzi Susan , White William B , Abreu Gabriel , Tummala Raj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesGlucocorticoid sparing is a key priority for SLE management. We evaluated the effects of sustained glucocorticoid tapering in patients with SLE.Material and methodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled, 52-week phase 3 Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP)-1 and TULIP-2 trials of anifrolumab (300 mg i.v. once every 4 weeks for 48  weeks) plus standard therapy in patients with moderate to severe SLE. In a cohort of patients receiving glucocorticoids (prednisone or equivalent) 10 mg or more per day at baseline, we assessed changes in glucocorticoid dosage, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and safety. Outcome measures were compared between sustained glucocorticoid taper responders (7.5 mg or less per day by week 40 sustained through week 52) and non-responders, regardless of treatment group, and between patients receiving anifrolumab or placebo.ResultsAmong the 726 patients in the TULIP trials, 375 patients received glucocorticoids 10 mg or more per day at baseline, and of these, 155 (41%) patients were sustained glucocorticoid taper responders. Compared with non-responders (n = 220), sustained glucocorticoid taper responders reduced their mean cumulative glucocorticoid dose by 32%, improved PRO scores, reduced blood pressure and experienced fewer serious adverse events. Sustained glucocorticoid tapering was achieved by 51% (96/190) of patients receiving anifrolumab vs 32% (59/185) receiving placebo. Compared with placebo, more anifrolumab-treated patients achieved both sustained glucocorticoid taper and reduced overall disease activity [38% (72/190) vs 23% (43/185)].ConclusionsSustained glucocorticoid tapering is associated with clinical benefits. Anifrolumab treatment has potential to reduce disease activity and glucocorticoid exposure, a key goal of SLE management.Study RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02446912 and NCT02446899.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of poor sleep in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Barnes Alex , Mountifield Réme , Baker Justin , Spizzo Paul , Bampton Peter , Andrews Jane M , Fraser Robert J , Mukherjee Sutapa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesPoor sleep-in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with worse quality of life, along with anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of poor sleep-in IBD.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for publications from inception to November 1st 2021. Poor sleep was defined according to subjective sleep measures. A random effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of poor sleep-in people with IBD. Heterogeneity was investigated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s test.Results519 Studies were screened with 36 studies included in the meta-analysis incorporating a total of 24 209 people with IBD. Pooled prevalence of poor sleep-in IBD was 56%, 95% CI (51–61%) with significant heterogeneity. The prevalence did not differ based on the definition of poor sleep. Meta-regression was significant for increased prevalence of poor sleep with increase in age and increased of prevalence of poor sleep with objective IBD activity but not subjective IBD activity, depression, or disease duration.ConclusionsPoor sleep is common in people with IBD. Further research is warranted to investigate if improving sleep quality in people with IBD will improve IBD activity and quality of life.
The impact of maturity stages on yield, quality, and nutritive value of ensiled Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers]
Authors: da Silva Camila S , Tucker Jennifer J , Maia Fabio J , Lourenço Jeferson M , Bass Morgan L , Seidel Darren S , Callaway Todd R , Hancock Dennis W , Stewart R Lawton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a non-native, invasive species that causes substantial losses in row crops and hay fields, which could be minimized by using Johnsongrass as a conserved forage. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield and quality of Johnsongrass ensiled at four maturities: harvested every 3 weeks (3WK), boot stage (BOOT), flower stage (FLOWER), and dough (DOUGH) stages. In experiment 1, yield, botanical composition, nutritive value, and fermentation characteristics of Johnsongrass were measured. In experiment 2, Johnsongrass silage was incubated for 48 h for assessment of gas production, pH, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and volatile fatty acids. The experimental area consisted of 16 plots (2.74 m × 4.57 m) divided into four blocks, and treatment was randomly assigned to plot within block. Each year, silage was prepared for each plot from the two cutting closest to July 1. After 10 weeks, the silos were opened, and silage samples were frozen for further analysis. Data from both experiments were tested for the effects of maturity stage and harvest timing (first and second harvest). The results from experiment 1 showed an increase (P &lt; 0.0001) in dry matter yield from 3WK stage to DOUGH. Johnsongrass, as a proportion of the total botanical composition, declined at the end of the growing season for 3WK but increased in FLOWER (P = 0.0010). In the first harvest, 3WK and BOOT stage silages had the greatest concentrations of crude protein and total digestible nutrients and lowest of fiber (neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber; P &lt; 0.0001). In the second harvest, differences in nutrient content were significant only for 3WK silages, which showed the best nutritive value (P &lt; 0.0001). In experiment 2, IVDMD of silage followed the same trends described for nutritive value from experiment 1. Overall, these results demonstrate that Johnsongrass can be successfully ensiled, but to optimize forage nutritive value and quantity, Johnsongrass should be ensiled before it reaches the flower stage.
Does Routine Subspecialty Consultation Before High-Risk Pediatric Spine Surgery Decrease the Incidence of Complications?
Authors: Visser Timothy G. , Lehman Erik B. , Armstrong Douglas G. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Children with neuromuscular disorders and syndromic scoliosis who require operative treatment for scoliosis are at increased risk for postoperative complications. Complications may include surgical site infection and pulmonary system problems including respiratory failure, gastrointestinal system disorders, and others. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of a standardized perioperative pathway specifically designed for management of high-risk pediatric patients undergoing surgery for scoliosis.

Methods:
The High-Risk Protocol (HRP) at our institution is a multidisciplinary process with subspecialty consultations before scoliosis surgery. This was a retrospective chart and radiographic review at a single institution. Inclusion criteria were high-risk subjects, age 8 to 18 years old, who underwent surgery between January, 2009 and April, 2009 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Diagnoses included neuromuscular scoliosis or Syndromic scoliosis.

Results:
Seventy one subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 13 (±2 SD) years. Follow-up was 63 (±24 SD) months. The study group consisted of 35 subjects who had fully completed the HRP and the control group consisted of 36 subjects who did not. Nine of the 35 (26%) subjects in the HRP had surgery delayed while interventions were performed. Compared with controls, the study group had larger preoperative and postoperative curve magnitudes: 90 versus 73 degrees (P=0.002) and 35 versus 22 degrees (P=0.001). Pulmonary disease was more common in the HRP, 60 versus 31% (P=0.013). The overall incidence of complications in the study group was 29% (10 of 35 subjects) and for controls 28% (10 of 36). There were no differences between groups for types of complications or Clavien-Dindo grades. Three subjects in the study group and 1 in the controls developed surgical site infection. Eleven subjects required unplanned reoperations during the study period.

Conclusions:
The findings of our study suggest a structured pathway requiring routine evaluations by pediatric subspecialists may not reduce complications for all high-risk pediatric spine patients. Selective use of consultants may be more appropriate.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, Retrospective Cohort study.
Complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor before radical cystectomy is not a risk factor for organ-confined bladder cancer: A case-control study
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxu , Chen Mingkun , Yang Jing , Ye Yunlin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the role of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) before radical cystectomy (RC) for organ-confined bladder cancer.

Materials and methods
Data of patients who underwent RC in our center from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with >T2N0M0 disease and positive surgical margins and those who received neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Complete TURBT was defined as no visible lesion under endoscopic examination after TURBT or in the bladder specimen after RC. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests assessed disease-free survival (DFS). Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors.

Results
A total of 236 patients were included in this review, including 207 males, with a median age of 61 years. The median tumor size was 3 cm, and a total of 94 patients had identified pathological T2 stage disease. Complete TURBT was correlated with tumor size (p = 0.041), histological variants (p = 0.026), and down-staging (p < 0.001). Tumor size, grade, and histological variants were independent predictors of complete TURBT. During a median follow-up of 42.7 months, 30 patients developed disease recurrence. Age and histological variants were independent predictors of DFS (p = 0.022 and 0.032, respectively), whereas complete TURBT was not an independent predictor of DFS (p = 0.156). Down-staging was not associated with survival outcome.

Conclusions
Complete TURBT was correlated with an increased rate of down-staging before RC. It was not associated with better oncologic outcomes for patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.