bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, multicentre study of screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Loan James J M , Tominey Steven , Baweja Kirun , Woodfield Julie , Chambers Thomas J G , Haley Mark , Kundu Simran S , Tang H Y Josephine , Wiggins Anthony N , Poon Michael T C , Brennan Paul M 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, its clinical significance and optimal management are uncertain. We audited the screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after SAH.MethodsWe prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or Ireland. We reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge, 21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L). Main outcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration >10 days. Associations of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission duration. We assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox regression.Results175/407 (43%) patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia. 5976 serum sodium measurements were made. Serum osmolality, urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166 (18%) hyponatraemic patients with complete data. The most frequently target daily fluid intake was >3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes. 26% (n/N=42/164) patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation. 133 (35%) patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240 (68%) patients had hospital admission for over 10 days. In the multivariable analyses, hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.35 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.69)) but longer admissions (aOR=3.2 (1.8 to 5.7)). World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I–III, modified Fisher 2–4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of hyponatraemia.ConclusionsIn this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH, hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and, for most patients, was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome. This work establishes a basis for the development of evidence-based SAH-specific guidance for targeted screening, investigation and management of high-risk patients to minimise the impact of hyponatraemia on admission duration and to improve consistency of patient care.
Biceps Femoris Fascicle Lengths Increase after Hamstring Injury Rehabilitation to a Greater Extent in the Injured Leg
Authors: Whiteley Rod , Hickey Jack T. , Vermeulen Robin , Timmins Ryan , Best Thomas M. , Rio Ebonie , Opar David 
Published: September 2022

Objectives. Document changes in fascicle length during rehabilitation from hamstring injury of the injured and uninjured legs and secondarily to describe any association between these changes and reinjury rate. Design. Multicentre case series. Methods. Fifty-two prospectively included hamstring injured athletes had their biceps femoris long head fascicle lengths measured at the start and end of rehabilitation using two-dimensional ultrasound. Absolute and relative changes in fascicle length were compared for each leg using linear mixed models. Participants were followed for six months after being cleared to return to sport for any reinjury. Fascicle lengths and rehabilitation duration were compared for those who reinjured and those who did not. Results. Injured leg fascicle length was shorter at the start of rehabilitation (9.1 cm compared to 9.8 cm,

p
<
0.01

) but underwent greater absolute and relative lengthening during rehabilitation to 11.1 cm (18% increase) compared to 10.2 cm (8% increase,

p
<
0.01

) for the uninjured leg. There were no significant differences in any fascicle length parameter for the 5 participants who reinjured in the 6 months following their return to sport compared to those that did not reinjure. Conclusions. While both injured and uninjured legs displayed increases in fascicle length during rehabilitation, the larger fascicle length increases in the injured leg suggest that either a different training stimulus was applied during rehabilitation to each leg or there was a different response to training and/or recovery from injury in the injured leg. Reinjury risk appears to be independent of fascicle length changes in this cohort, but the small number of reinjuries makes any conclusions speculative.
Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal Protein with Degossypolized Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performance, Nonspecific Immune Response, Antioxidant Capacity, and Target of Rapamycin Pathway of Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Chen Sheng , Tang Yuhang , Zhang Zhou , Zheng Jichang , He Yuliang , Wang Zhen , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: September 2022

A 70-day feeding experiment was carried out to assess the replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) protein with degossypolized cottonseed protein (DCP) on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) with initial body weight (

13.09
±
0.50

g

). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets replaced fishmeal protein with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% DCP were formulated and named as FM (the control group), DCP20, DCP40, DCP60, and DCP80, respectively. Results displayed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the DCP20 group (263.91% and 1.85% d-1) were significantly increased compared with the control group (194.79% and 1.54% d-1) (

P
<
0.05

). Furthermore, fish fed the diet with 20% DCP significantly increased the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, the content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in the DCP20, DCP40, and DCP80 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The activity of intestinal trypsin in the DCP20 group was significantly degraded compared with that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The transcription of hepatic proinflammatory cytokine genes (interleukin-6 (il-6); tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α); and interferon-γ (ifn-γ)) in the DCP20 and DCP40 groups was significantly upregulated compared with that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). As to the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, the transcription of hepatic target of rapamycin (tor) and ribosomal protein (s6) was significantly up-regulated, while the transcription of hepatic eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) gene was significantly downregulated in the DCP group compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, based on the broken line regression model analysis of WGR and SGR against dietary DCP replacement levels, the optimal replacement level was recommended to be 8.12% and 9.37% for large yellow croaker, respectively. These results revealed that FM protein replaced with 20% DCP could promote digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant capacity and further activate immune response and the TOR pathway so that growth performance of juvenile large yellow croaker was improved.
Opium Use and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Marzban Maryam , Mohebbi Elham , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Aryaie Mohammad , Zahedi Mohammad Javad , Khazaei Zaher , Gholizade Mohamad , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Limited evidence is available to acknowledge the association between opium use and liver cancer. In a case–control study, we recruited 117 cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) and 234 age and sex-matched neighborhood controls from 2016 to 2018. We calculated odds ratios (OR) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using conditional logistic regressions. Compared with non-users the adjusted OR (AOR, 95% CI) for opium use was 6.5 (95% CI, 2.87–13.44). Compared with people who had no history of use, a strong dose–response effect of opium use was observed by amount of use (AOR, 10.70; 95% CI, 3.92–28.70). Cumulative use of opium also indicated that using over 30 gr-year could increase the PLC risk dramatically (AOR, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.83–31.58). Those who used opium for more than 21 years were highly at risk of PLC (AOR, 11.66; 95% CI, 4.43–30.67). The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water-pipe smoking).

Prevention Relevance:
The results of this study indicate that opium use dramatically increased the risk of liver cancer. Because opioids are increasing for medical and non-medical use globally; accordingly, severe health consequences such as liver cancer have to be investigated widely.
Increased structural connectivity in high schizotypy
Authors: Messaritaki Eirini , Foley Sonya , Barawi Kali , Ettinger Ulrich , Jones Derek K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The link between brain structural connectivity and schizotypy was explored in two healthy participant cohorts, collected at two different neuroimaging centres, comprising 140 and 115 participants, respectively. The participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), through which their schizotypy scores were calculated. Diffusion-MRI data were used to perform tractography and to generate the structural brain networks of the participants. The edges of the networks were weighted with the inverse radial diffusivity. Graph theoretical metrics of the default mode, sensorimotor, visual, and auditory subnetworks were derived and their correlation coefficients with the schizotypy scores were calculated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that graph theoretical measures of structural brain networks are investigated in relation to schizotypy. A positive correlation was found between the schizotypy score and the mean node degree and mean clustering coefficient of the sensorimotor and the default mode subnetworks. The nodes driving these correlations were the right postcentral gyrus, the left paracentral lobule, the right superior frontal gyrus, the left parahippocampal gyrus, and the bilateral precuneus, that is, nodes that exhibit compromised functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Implications for schizophrenia and schizotypy are discussed.
Identification and expression pattern of three sex-related genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Decapoda, Caridea)
Authors: Lin Dawei , Wang Moran , Yu Feifei , Shi Wenhui , Luo Fuli , Wu Chao , Yang Jingwen , Ma Wenming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The sex determination and differentiation process of economically important crustaceans have been regarded as the focus of aquaculture for a long time, because of the sex-related weight differences. Neocaridina denticulata sinensis makes a suitable animal model for studying crustaceans because it can reproduce many times under artificial control and has a short reproductive cycle. Male and female sex characteristics of the adult rice shrimp Neocaridina d. sinensis are morphologically obvious, but not in embryos and juvenile stages. At present, sex-specific DNA markers have not yet been developed. To produce a reliable molecular marker for sex in Neocaridina and to investigate molecular sex differentiation, we therefore focused on identifying sex-specific transcriptomic differences. In this study, we found three sex-specific expression genes, NDM, Sushi, and NDF, after screening a large number of transcriptome data. NDM and Sushi are male-specific expression genes, and NDF is a female-specific expression gene. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that NDM and NDF can act as molecular markers for the sex identification of Neocaridina in different developmental stages, especially sex identification for embryos and juveniles with the same morphological characteristics. However, Sushi can only act as a molecular marker for the sex identification of Neocaridina in adult stages. Furthermore, in situ hybridization showed that a strong positive signal of NDM was detected in the male testis. At the same time, we explored the relationship between these three genes and sex differentiation. The results of RNA interference treatment show that knockdown of nd-IAG (Neocaridina denticulata sinensis insulin-like androgenic gland hormone) can change the expression of NDM and NDF. On the basis of the expression of the male-specific gene NDM and the female-specific gene NDF, we developed a molecular test that for the first time allows the unambiguous sex determination of Neocaridina samples lacking external sex-specific features from juvenile stages onward.
Grassroots Student Diplomacy: The Junior Diplomat Initiative (JDI) in Prague, Geneva, Paris and Tbilisi
Authors: Zemanová Štěpánka 
Published: September 2022

Summary
The democratisation of diplomacy in recent years has opened up new opportunities for non-state actors’ engagement and activities in the public interest or on behalf of governments. Scholarly literature has broadly reflected the inclusion of civil society into governance frameworks, non-state public diplomacy and non-governmental institutions. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of these issues, as well as their dynamics and rapid innovations, many blind spots remain. This article focuses on the neglected topic of the engagement of future practitioners, students in diplomacy-related undergraduate and graduate university programmes, in people-to-people diplomatic communication. Drawing on the concept of grassroots diplomacy, it examines the activities of the Junior Diplomat Initiative. It deconstructs the effect of student organisations’ diplomacy projects by showing how they translate into innovative interactions with domestic and foreign youth communities. Lessons for diplomatic practice are also addressed.
The Relationship Between Teaching Experiences and Teacher Burnout in China: The Mediating Role of Emotional Labor
Authors: Tsang Kwok Kuen , Li Guanyu , Wang Li , Wang Guangqiang , Wu Hongyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Burnout is a common syndrome among teachers across the globe in the recent two decades. Although teacher burnout may be related to years of teaching experiences and emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions), there is no consensus on the mechanisms of how teaching experience affects burnout. Thus, the study aims to examine how teaching experience and emotional labor are associated with teacher burnout. By surveying 417 teachers in China, the study finds that teaching burnout is negative associated with teaching experiences and the expression of naturally felt emotions, while positively associated with surface acting. Moreover, a further analysis suggests surface acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions are mediating roles in the relationship between teacher burnout and teaching experiences respectively.
Beyond Confirmation
Authors: Schroeder Jessica J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While Michael Polanyi’s epistemology is fruitful for considering beauty’s epistemological significance, this article shows that Polanyi’s epistemology lacks explicit development of an important aspect of beauty’s contribution to knowledge formation—as mediator. The treatment unfolds by first assessing how Polanyi does treat beauty, and second by establishing the grounds for beauty to serve as a mediator, as well as its fittingness within a Polanyian epistemology. The article considers an expansion of Polanyi’s epistemology to further and more clearly elucidate beauty as mediator of knowledge. Concluding remarks consider how beauty as mediator of knowledge opens the door to pursuit of questions regarding beauty’s role in theological epistemology—i.e., in mediating knowledge of God specifically.
Matthew 2:7: The Danger of Assuming the Wrong Background
Authors: Pettem Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most English translations of the story of the Star of Bethlehem either say explicitly or seem to imply that Herod learns from the magi the point in time at which the star appeared. This translation reflects an unusual understanding of two words in the Greek text, as well as raising the question why he killed children aged over a range of two years if he knew the exact age of the baby. These problems have been raised in the critical literature, yet many modern versions continue to offer a grammatically and logically strange interpretation. This article will argue that this interpretation is based on the assumption of a Hellenistic genethliac astrological background for the text, and that the perceived need for this common translation disappears if a Babylonian astrological background is assumed.
The Grief Experiences of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Gaines Arlen G. 
Published: September 2022

Background Children with developmental disabilities have wide-ranging social, developmental, and communication challenges impacting their grieving process. This narrative review examined the literature relating to the grief experiences of children with developmental disabilities to identify implications for practice and areas for future research. Methods The literature review was conducted using five databases, and a hand search of dissertations with original research, due to the sparse body of published works. Results Nine works were included in the review, which were thematically synthesized into three categories: (1) Understanding of death concepts, (2) Social-emotional responses to loss, and (3) Disenfranchised grief. Conclusions Children with developmental disabilities are affected by loss, even if their comprehension of death concepts is impacted by their level of disability. They may experience challenges due to changes in routines and concrete thinking, and are at risk of disenfranchised grief. Future research is needed to inform developmentally appropriate grief interventions.
Power, Legitimacy, and Institutions in the October 2019 Uprising in Chile
Authors: Guzmán-Concha César 
Published: September 2022

The 2019 uprising in Chile was the outcome of an erosion of political arrangements and the politicization of popular unrest that developed over three decades. Two explanations for it—the political mobilization of the groups that emerged from the neoliberal reforms (the “new people” approach) and the mismatch between institutions and society (the “decoupling” approach)—can be reconciled by emphasizing the connections between elite and popular politics. Analyzing the long-standing relationship between power, legitimacy, and political institutions provides a framework for understanding this and other events of massive unrest. El levantamiento de 2019 en Chile resultó de una erosión de los acuerdos políticos y la politización del malestar popular desarrollado a lo largo de tres décadas. Podemos reconciliar dos de las explicaciones al respecto—la movilización política de los grupos surgidos de las reformas neoliberales (el enfoque de la “gente nueva”) y el desajuste entre las instituciones y la sociedad (el enfoque de “desacoplamiento”)—si enfatizamos las conexiones entre la élite y la política popular. El análisis de la relación de larga data entre el poder, la legitimidad y las instituciones políticas nos proporciona un marco posible para entender este y otros eventos de disturbios masivos.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Turkish Version of Pain Resilience Scale
Authors: Dereli Muge , Kahraman Turhan , France Christopher R. 
Published: September 2022

The Pain Resilience Scale (PRS) is a useful tool that evaluates behavioral engagement and adaptively regulates cognitions and emotions despite the pain. This study aimed to translate the PRS to Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. The Turkish version of PRS was completed online by 332 healthy adults, and a subset of 105 respondents was re-assessed after 7–14 days. The reliability of the adapted measure was evaluated in terms of internal consistency, relative, and absolute test-retest reliability. Validity was evaluated in terms of structural, construct, and known-group validity using positive and negative psychological scales. The Turkish version of PRS has a three-factor structure and its cumulative variance is 78.06%. The total PRS score and its subscales correlated positively with pain self-efficacy, general resilience, and quality of life, and negatively with pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression, and disability. The PRS scores were significantly higher in those with high general resilience ( p < 0.001). The PRS had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimum Detectable Difference (MDD) were calculated as 2.9 and 8.0, respectively. The Turkish version of PRS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring pain resilience in terms of behavioral perseverance and cognitive positivity.
Bleeding and thrombotic complications and their impact on mortality in patients supported with left ventricular assist device for cardiogenic shock
Authors: Bekono-Nessah Ingrid , Rosenburg Alex , Bowles Christopher T , Riesgo-Gil Fernando , Stock Ulrich , Szydlo Richard R , Laffan Mike , Arachchillage Deepa J 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Thrombosis and bleeding are major complications in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). We aimed to assess the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis in patients supported with a HeartWare left ventricular assist device (HVAD), their predictive factors and their impact on mortality. Methods A single centre retrospective observational study of patients supported with HVAD over 5 years from January 2015 to October 2020. Results A total 139 patients (median age 52.5, 72.1% male) were included for analysis. The probability of 1-year survival was 73.1%. Advanced age (>60 years) and EuroSCORE II score (>20%) were independently associated with reduced survival. Major bleeding and thrombosis occurred in 46.8% and 35.3% respectively. Secondary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) increased likelihood of experiencing major bleeding (HR: 2.76, 95%1.65–4.62, p < 0.0001) whilst patients receiving aspirin were protected from bleeding and thrombosis (HR: 0.34 95% CI 0.19–0.58, p < 0.001). Pre-operative anaemia (HR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.6–5.7, p = 0.014) and use of a secondary MCS device (HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.2–6.3, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Patients with any major bleeding (with or without thrombosis) had a 7.68-fold (95% CI 3.5–16.8) increased risk of death compared to those without. In contrast, ‘thrombosis only’ patients had 4.23-fold (95% CI 1.8–10.2) increased risk of death compared to those without thrombosis. The risk of mortality was increased in patients with any thrombosis and the risk of death was highest in patients with major bleeding and thrombosis (HR: 16.49 [95% CI 7.7–35.3]). Conclusions Major bleeding and thrombosis significantly increase the 1-year mortality. Optimal perioperative haemostasis and anticoagulation remains crucial in patients supported with HVAD.