bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife associates of nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) burrows in Arkansas
Authors: DeGregorio Brett A. , Veon John T. , Massey Andrhea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Nine‐banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is a widespread burrowing species with an expanding geographic range across the southeastern and midwestern United States. Armadillos dig numerous, large burrows within their home ranges and these burrows are likely used by a diverse suite of wildlife species as has been reported for other burrowing ecosystem engineers such as Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizi), and Black‐tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We used motion‐triggered game cameras at 35 armadillo burrows in 4 ecoregions of Arkansas and documented 19 species of mammals, 4 species of reptile, 1 species of amphibian, and 40 species of bird interacting with burrows. Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and unidentified rodents (mice and rats) were documented using burrows in all four ecoregions. We documented wildlife hunting, seeking shelter, rearing young in, and taking over and modifying armadillo burrows. The rate of use was highest in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, a landscape dominated by agriculture, where natural refugia may be limited and rodents are abundant. Armadillo burrows are clearly visited and used by numerous wildlife species to fulfill various life stage requirements, and this list will likely expand if more attention is devoted to understanding the role of armadillos burrows. Armadillos are important ecosystem engineers, and their ecological role warrants more investigation and attention as opposed to only being viewed and managed as agricultural and garden pests.
Spatial transcriptome of a germinal center plasmablastic burst hints at MYD88/CD79B mutants‐enriched diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: L'Imperio Vincenzo , Morello Gaia , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Cancila Valeria , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Mazzara Saveria , Belmonte Beatrice , Mangogna Alessandro , Balzarini Piera , Corral Lilia , Lopez Gianluca , Di Napoli Arianna , Facchetti Fabio , Pagni Fabio , Tripodo Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe GC reaction results in the selection of B cells acquiring effector Ig secreting ability by progressing toward plasmablastic differentiation. This transition is associated with exclusion from the GC microenvironment. The aberrant expansion of plasmablastic elements within the GC fringes configures an atypical condition, the biological characteristics of which have not been defined yet. We investigated the in situ immunophenotypical and transcriptional characteristics of a nonclonal germinotropic expansion of plasmablastic elements (GEx) occurring in the tonsil of a young patient. Compared to neighboring GC and perifollicular regions, the GEx showed a distinctive signature featuring key regulators of plasmacytic differentiation, cytokine signaling, and cell metabolism. The GEx signature was tested in the setting of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as a prototypical model of lymphomagenesis encompassing transformation at different stages of GC and post‐GC functional differentiation. The signature outlined DLBCL clusters with different immune microenvironment composition and enrichment in genetic subtypes. This report represents the first insight into the transcriptional features of a germinotropic plasmablastic burst, shedding light into the molecular hallmarks of B cells undergoing plasmablastic differentiation and aberrant expansion within the noncanonical setting of the GC microenvironment.
Multi‐objective optimization of thermoeconomic and component size of supercritical carbon dioxide recompression cycle based on small‐scale lead‐cooled fast reactor
Authors: Du Yadong , Wang Leilei , Yu Zhiyi , Zhang Hanzhi , Li Yanzhao , Yang Ce 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWhen the supercritical CO2 power cycle is employed in confined spaces, such as nuclear‐powered ships and spacecraft, its size should be given priority. To estimate the component size, the one‐dimensional heat exchanger model developed in this study is used in a recompression supercritical CO2 cycle integrated on a small‐scale lead‐cooled fast reactor. A parameter analysis was performed to study the influence of several key parameters on the levelized cost of electricity, thermal efficiency, and system size. Moreover, four types of multi‐objective optimizations were conducted to provide optimization schemes for different scenarios. Results indicated that the increased turbine inlet temperature improved the thermoeconomic but augmented the system volume. The size of the low‐temperature recuperator was observably enlarged near the optimal flow split ratio, thereby increasing the system volume. Pareto optimal solution of bi‐objective optimization based on the levelized cost of electricity and system size reached the lowest system volume of 3.71 m3. Additionally, the best trade‐off result of three‐objective optimization was a thermal efficiency of 42.14%, a levelized cost of electricity of 56.30 $∙MWh−1, and a system volume of 4.43 m3. Meanwhile, maximal and minimal pressure drops of CO2 appeared in the cooler and intermediate heat exchanger, respectively.
Interacting host modifier systems controlWolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in a haplodiploid mite
Authors: Wybouw Nicky , Mortier Frederik , Bonte Dries 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReproductive parasites such as Wolbachia spread within host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI occurs when parasite-modified sperm fertilizes uninfected eggs and is typified by great variation in strength across biological systems. In haplodiploid hosts, CI has different phenotypic outcomes depending on whether the fertilized eggs die or develop into males. Genetic conflict theories predict the evolution of host modulation of CI, which in turn influences the stability of reproductive parasitism. However, despite the ubiquity of CI-inducing parasites in nature, there is scarce evidence for intraspecific host modulation of CI strength and phenotype. Here, we tested for intraspecific host modulation of Wolbachia-induced CI in haplodiploid Tetranychus urticae mites. Using a single CI-inducing Wolbachia variant and mitochondrion, a nuclear panel was created that consisted of infected and cured near-isogenic lines. We performed a highly replicated age-synchronized full diallel cross composed of incompatible and compatible control crosses. We uncovered host modifier systems that cause striking variation in CI strength when carried by infected T. urticae males. We observed a continuum of CI phenotypes in our crosses and identified strong intraspecific female modulation of the CI phenotype. Crosses established a recessive genetic basis for the maternal effect and were consistent with polygenic Mendelian inheritance. Both male and female modulation interacted with the genotype of the mating partner. Our findings identify spermatogenesis as an important target of selection for host modulation of CI strength and underscore the importance of maternal genetic effects for the CI phenotype. Our findings reveal that intraspecific host modulation of CI is underpinned by complex genetic architectures and confirm that the evolution of reproductive parasitism is contingent on host genetics.
Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf flavonoids rich in morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Cui Jue , Zong Wenyi , Zhao Nannan , Yuan Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities and mechanism of burdock leaf flavonoids (BLF) on LPS‐stimulated inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells were explored. We have observed that BLF and main effective components morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS‐stimulated inflammatory activation of RAW264.7 cells by lowering the levels of NO, PGE2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 production (p < .05). At the same time, BLF not only had potent free radical scavenging ability in vitro (DPPH: 2025.33 ± 84.15 μmol Trolox/g, ABTS: 159.14 ± 5.28 μmol Trolox/g, and ORAC: 248.72 ± 9.74 μmol Trolox/g) but also effectively ameliorated cellular oxidative stress status by restoring the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH‐Px) and decreasing the elevated levels of ROS and TBARS in LPS‐stimulated macrophages (p < .05). The western blot analysis indicated that BLF and main components morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside mainly inhibited LPS‐stimulated inflammation by reducing the iNOS and COX‐2 protein expression, decreasing cellular ROS, and blocking the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway in macrophages. Our results collectively imply that BLF could be used as a new type of functional factor for the development of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory foods.
Effect of chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and thermal diffusion on transient natural convection through a tube
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Joseph Sylvester B. , Ajibade Abiodun O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA semi‐analytical investigation of the effect of a chemical reaction and thermal diffusion on transient natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible binary fluid with heat source/sink in a vertical and infinite tube is presented. The equations for the model are simplified with the help of the Laplace transform, solved analytically to obtain solutions whose expressions are given in modified Bessel functions. These solutions are then inverted numerically using the Riemann sum approximation method. An exhaustive model analysis is achieved by exhibiting the temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles graphically. Also, numerical values are displayed in tabular form for the Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and the shear stress. Furthermore, a version of the governing equations which are independent of time is solved analytically. The obtained results are found to coincide with the results of the time‐dependent problem at an appreciable value of time. A close examination of the results reveals that raising the generative chemical reaction parameter strengthens both the concentration and momentum of the flow while they are weakened with a surge of the destructive chemical reaction. As the heat source intensifies, both fluid temperature and velocity are elevated while the species concentration is abated with the reversed phenomenon occurring as the heat sink intensifies. An improvement is observed in the concentration and velocity distribution as the Soret parameter increases. This model is useful in petroleum reservoirs, the mining industry, and many industrial processes.
Streamwater colour in snow‐dominated headwater catchments: Natural variability and the effects of forest harvesting
Authors: Moore R. Daniel , Winkler Rita D. , Hope Graeme D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study documents the natural variability of true colour and the effects of forest harvesting in three snow‐dominated headwater catchments at the Upper Penticton Creek Experimental Watersheds, located in south‐central British Columbia. Although colour does not pose direct health risks, high values of colour can reduce the effectiveness of ultraviolet treatment systems, and can also indicate high concentrations of dissolved organic compounds, which can produce trihalomethanes following chlorination. The study employed a paired‐catchment design with an unlogged control (240 Creek) and pre‐ and post‐harvesting observations at two treatment catchments (241 and 242 Creeks). True colour varied seasonally, with high values during freshet followed by a general decline through summer, with some marked increases in association with autumn rain events. In the absence of harvesting effects, colour at all streams frequently exceeded the drinking water standard of 15 true colour units, especially for two catchments that contained organic soils, and there were significant positive relations between colour and the logarithm of stream discharge for all three catchments. The paired‐catchment analysis revealed significant increases in colour values once harvest reached 28% of the 241 Creek watershed and 21% of the 242 Creek watershed. For 241 Creek, the harvesting effect appeared to be independent of the colour value at 240 Creek. In contrast, the harvesting effect appeared to manifest in an increase in the slope of the relation for 242 Creek. The post‐harvest increase in colour did not appear to depend on streamflow for 241 Creek, whereas the colour response for 242 Creek had a strong positive relation with streamflow. These patterns of responses are hypothesized to reflect differences in the spatial patterns of imperfectly and poorly drained, wet soils in relation to locations of harvesting units, as well as differences in the morphology of the stream channel and riparian zone.Novelty StatementThis is the first paired‐catchment experiment to document variations in true colour and its response to forestry in snow‐dominated headwater catchments. A unique aspect of the study is the availability of a soil map showing the locations of imperfectly and poorly drained soils and organic soils. The combination of the experimental design, which included both pre‐ and post‐harvest monitoring and a control catchment, and the soils map, supported the formation of process‐based hypotheses to explain the natural seasonal and among‐catchment variability of colour and the responses to forest harvesting.
Making text count: Economic forecasting using newspaper text
Authors: Kalamara Eleni , Turrell Arthur , Redl Chris , Kapetanios George , Kapadia Sujit 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis paper examines several ways to extract timely economic signals from newspaper text and shows that such information can materially improve forecasts of macroeconomic variables including GDP, inflation and unemployment. Our text is drawn from three popular UK newspapers that collectively represent UK newspaper readership in terms of political perspective and editorial style. Exploiting newspaper text can improve economic forecasts both unconditionally and when conditioning on other relevant information, but the performance of the latter varies according to the method used. Incorporating text into forecasts by combining counts of terms with supervised machine learning delivers the highest forecast improvements relative to existing text‐based methods. These improvements are most pronounced during periods of economic stress when, arguably, forecasts matter most.
Optimal forecast under structural breaks
Authors: Lee Tae‐Hwy , Parsaeian Shahnaz , Ullah Aman 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis paper develops an optimal combined estimator to forecast out‐of‐sample under structural breaks. When it comes to forecasting, using only the postbreak observations after the most recent break point may not be optimal. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method that exploits the prebreak information. In particular, we show how to combine the estimator using the full‐sample (i.e., both the prebreak and postbreak data) and the estimator using only the postbreak sample. The full‐sample estimator is inconsistent when there is a break while it is efficient. The postbreak estimator is consistent but inefficient. Hence, depending on the severity of the breaks, the full‐sample estimator and the postbreak estimator can be combined to balance the consistency and efficiency. We derive the Stein‐like combined estimator of the full‐sample and the postbreak estimators, to balance the bias‐variance trade‐off. The combination weight depends on the break severity, which we measure by the Wu–Hausman statistic. We examine the properties of the proposed method, analytically in theory, numerically in simulation, and also empirically in forecasting real output growth across nine industrial economies.
Tracking the developmental events in the duodenum of the quail embryo: Using light and electron microscope
Authors: Abdelhakeem Fatma , Mohamed Salma A. , Abdelsabour‐Khalaf Mohammed , Madkour Fatma A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study described the full morphology of the duodenum of the Japanese quail during the embryonic stage from 3rd day of incubation till hatching using the light and electron (scanning and transmission) microscope. The specimens were collected, analyzed and described anatomically, morphometrically and microscopically. The first recognition of the prospective duodenum was at the 4th day of incubation and developed continuously by age progression. The prospective duodenum consisted of a flat pseudostratified epithelium, mesenchyme and covering mesothelium. On day 8th of incubation, the epithelium developed three evaginations lead to formation three previllous ridges protruding inside the duodenal lumen, which later at the 9th day differentiated into numbers of projections; villi. On the 9th day, the epithelium lined the villi transformed into a simple columnar type, the duodenal villi appeared as pyramidal‐shaped projections, had wide base and narrow apex and by age progression, the duodenal villi went through changes in number, size and shape. On hatching day, the duodenal epithelium consisted of enterocytes interspersed with secretory goblet cells, which stained positive for both Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue AB and represented filled with metachromatic granules. The muscular wall started as mesenchymal condensation on the 6th day then differentiated into the circular smooth muscle layer on the 9th day of incubation. Giving detailed information about the morphological development of the duodenum during the incubation period of quail embryo helps in reaching a satisfactory explanation about how the duodenum plays a vital role in digestion, absorption and immunity.Highlights
Studying the quail duodenum can be used as a model for understanding the mammalian duodenum.
Understanding the duodenal structure and its function is the best way to maximize the efficiency of the production of the livestock through giving the best type of diet.
Duodenum plays a vital role in digestion through the digestible secretions, absorption of nutrients, and immunity against invaders.
Duodenum is the spot where the food digestion mostly occurs.
Light and scanning electron microscopy of Datura stramonium L. extract and its biological applications
Authors: Rehman Shafiq Ur , Ullah Nadeem , Jaffer Mehwish , Zaidi Riffat , Anwar Hina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study deals with the LM and SEM (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) of Datura stramonium L. extract and to evaluate its phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The plant sample collected from different Lahore region was dried under shade. The plant extract was prepared using different solvents (n‐hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Phytochemical screening performed qualitatively for alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Radical scavenging potential of plant extracts was estimated and ethyl acetate extract exhibited maximum percentage scavenging ability of 92.2 ± 0.09. Total antioxidant capacity of different extracts was measured by phosphomolybdate method. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed maximum values of 72.3 ± 0.08% and 79 ± 0.15% with respect to gallic acid. Total phenolic contents were determined through Folin‐Ciocalteau method and highest value of 495.2 ± 3.4 was obtained by methanolic extract. DPPH‐TLC autography was used for the visual detection of antioxidant compounds in different plant extracts. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was measured by disc diffusion method against microorganisms named Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), and Salmonella typhimurium, and Proteus mirabilis (Gram negative). Because of the vast medicinal importance of D. stramonium L. it would be beneficial to study LM and SEM for correct identification of plant and to determine phytochemicals.Research Highlights
LM and SEM (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) of Datura stramonium L. was studied for the exact identification of plant.
To evaluate the biological activities of pharmaceutically important plant.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined.
D. stramonium L. proved to be medicinally important plant.
Returning to the sources: An interview with Saulo de Freitas Araujo about the book series Clássicos da Psicologia (Classics of Psychology)
Authors: Araujo Saulo de F. , Fierro Catriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this interview with historian of psychology Saulo de Freitas Araujo, we discuss the aims, challenges, and functions of a new book series in which classic psychological works are translated into Portuguese. The interview highlights the importance of the accessibility of primary source documents to psychology education.
Microwave‐supported synthesis of pyridocarbazoles
Authors: Kumaresan Prabakaran , Sekar Rubankumar , Ezhumalai Yamuna , Matthias Zeller , Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe developed a microwave‐assisted preparation of pyrido[2,3‐c]carbazole from 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole. The use of microwave heating resulted in shorter response times and higher yields. This process is atom‐efficient and can be used in a variety of multi‐component reactions.
Economic transformation in Africa: What is the role of Chinese firms?
Authors: Calabrese Linda , Tang Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfrican countries face an economic transformation gap. Given the large and growing Chinese presence on the African continent, a fundamental question is whether Chinese firms contribute to, or hinder, economic transformation in Africa. This article conducts a scoping review of over one hundred sources, examining the pathways through which Chinese firms can affect economic transformation. On balance, the literature points to a positive role of Chinese firms. Africa–China trade leads to mixed results, while Chinese investment and infrastructure construction are found to contribute positively to transformation. Chinese firms are also found to support capacity building, spillovers and innovation in African countries.
Human Herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence among blood donors in Mali
Authors: Malonga Gervillien Arnold , Dienta Sidi , Traore Fatoumata Tata , Maiga Zalihatou , Ba Alhassane , Faye Ousmane , Chicaud Elodie , Marot Stéphane , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne‐Geneviève , Jary Aude , Maiga Almoustapha I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn sub‐Saharan Africa, the Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) is endemic but with disparities between regions and population studied. Although the virus remains mostly latent, there is some evidence that blood transfusion may represents one of the transmission way for this virus. Here, we evaluated HHV‐8 seroprevalence among blood donors in Mali. This cross‐sectional study recruited blood donors from the Blood Transfusion Center at Gabriel Touré Hospital, Bamako. Serum was used for the detection of latent HHV‐8 immunoglobulin G directed against latent associated nuclear antigen 1 by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), HCV, and Treponema pallidum were also screened. HHV‐8 seroprevalence was 10.4% in Malian blood donors. None of the sociodemographic characteristics were associated with HHV‐8 infection, although there is a tendency of a higher HHV‐8 seroprevalence among participants living in Bamako than those not living there. One individual had coinfection HHV‐8/HBV, another HHV‐8/HCV while another had HCV and T. pallidum. None has been tested positive for HIV infection. This intermediate seroprevalence in Malian blood donors suggests that the risk of HHV‐8 transmission by transfusion should be considered. Further investigations are needed to assess impact of HHV‐8 in polytransfused patients residing in an endemic area for this virus.