bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the number of EMG electrodes during online hand gesture classification with changing wrist positions
Authors: Pelaez Murciego Luis , Henrich Mauricio C. , Spaich Erika G. , Dosen Strahinja 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Myoelectric control based on hand gesture classification can be used for effective, contactless human–machine interfacing in general applications (e.g., consumer market) as well as in the clinical context. However, the accuracy of hand gesture classification can be impacted by several factors including changing wrist position. The present study aimed at investigating how channel configuration (number and placement of electrode pads) affects performance in hand gesture recognition across wrist positions, with the overall goal of reducing the number of channels without the loss of performance with respect to the benchmark (all channels).

Methods
Matrix electrodes (256 channels) were used to record high-density EMG from the forearm of 13 healthy subjects performing a set of 8 gestures in 3 wrist positions and 2 force levels (low and moderate). A reduced set of channels was chosen by applying sequential forward selection (SFS) and simple circumferential placement (CIRC) and used for gesture classification with linear discriminant analysis. The classification success rate and task completion rate were the main outcome measures for offline analysis across the different number of channels and online control using 8 selected channels, respectively.

Results
The offline analysis demonstrated that good accuracy (> 90%) can be achieved with only a few channels. However, using data from all wrist positions required more channels to reach the same performance. Despite the targeted placement (SFS) performing similarly to CIRC in the offline analysis, the task completion rate [median (lower–upper quartile)] in the online control was significantly higher for SFS [71.4% (64.8–76.2%)] compared to CIRC [57.1% (51.8–64.8%), p < 0.01], especially for low contraction levels [76.2% (66.7–84.5%) for SFS vs. 57.1% (47.6–60.7%) for CIRC, p < 0.01]. For the reduced number of electrodes, the performance with SFS was comparable to that obtained when using the full matrix, while the selected electrodes were highly subject-specific.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that the number of channels required for gesture classification with changing wrist positions could be decreased substantially without loss of performance, if those channels are placed strategically along the forearm and individually for each subject. The results also emphasize the importance of online assessment and motivate the development of configurable matrix electrodes with integrated channel selection.
Depth-based geolocation processing of multi-year striped marlin archival tag data reveals residency in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lam Chi Hin , Nasby-Lucas Nicole , Ortega-Garcia Sofia , Offield Paxson , Domeier Michael L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The first successful application of implanted archival tags on striped marlin showed great potential in obtaining long-term tracks for an improved understanding of movement ecology, which is important for informing fisheries management decisions. Ten tags were physically recovered from fish tagged in the Eastern Pacific between 2008 and 2016, but unfortunately due to the failure of the external sensor stalk which houses the light sensor, full records of daily fish position could not be attained.

Results
Depth-based geolocation, which exploits the diel swimming patterns of striped marlin, was applied to derive position estimates for archival tagged fish up to 7.7 years. Reconstructed tracks revealed tagged striped marlin remained in the Eastern Pacific throughout the tracked duration. Trans-equatorial movements were also documented for the first time for striped marlin in this region, as were extended occupancy of  > 1 year in pelagic waters.

Conclusions
Striped marlin connected both coastal and offshore habitats with seasonal runs, likely in fulfillment of their life history requirements from foraging to reproduction. Circadian rhythms in billfish and other pelagic fishes are well-established, and could provide a viable, alternative means to position an individual in a low or no light environment, and situations with sub-optimal or limited bio-logging capabilities. Depth-based geolocation, however rudimentary, has revealed variability in striped marlin horizontal movements over the multi-year observation period, and offered a unique spatiotemporal perspective that was unavailable to scientists and fisheries managers until now.
Microplastics in food: scoping review on health effects, occurrence, and human exposure
Authors: Udovicki Bozidar , Andjelkovic Mirjana , Cirkovic-Velickovic Tanja , Rajkovic Andreja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith most of the plastics ever produced now being waste, slowly degrading and fragmenting in the environment, microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging concern regarding their presence in food and influence on human health. While many studies on marine ecotoxicology and the occurrence of MPs in fish and shellfish exist, research on the occurrence of MPs in other foods and their effect on human health is still in early-stage, but the attention is increasing. This review aimed to provide relevant information on the possible health effect of ingested MPs, the occurrence, and levels of MPs contamination in various foods and estimated exposure to MPs through food. Potential toxic consequences from exposure to MPs through food can arise from MPs themselves, diffused monomers and additives but also from sorbed contaminants or microorganisms that colonise MPs. Recent publications have confirmed widespread contamination of our food with MPs including basic and life-essential constituents such as water and salt providing the basis for chronic exposure. Available exposure assessments indicate that we ingest up to several hundred thousand MPs particles yearly.
Effectiveness of distance-based suicide interventions: multi-level meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Schmeckenbecher Jim , Rattner Katrin , Cramer Robert J. , Plener Paul L. , Baran Anna , Kapusta Nestor D. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The use of distance-based interventions (DBIs) to reduce suicidal ideation and behaviours are an increasingly relevant form of intervention. DBIs are more affordable, scalable and available than traditional face-to-face interventions, helping to narrow the gap between needed and provided care.

Aims
To evaluate the overall effectiveness of DBIs against suicidal ideation and behaviours.

Method
We systematically searched Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed for all DBIs primarily aimed at reducing suicidal ideation and behaviours. Data were analysed with a robust variance estimation corrected, multi-level meta-analysis.

Results
We found 38 studies, reporting 110 outcomes. Effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation was low (standardised mean difference −0.174, 95% CI −0.238 to −0.110). DBIs were significantly less effective against suicidal behaviours than against suicidal ideation, although still effective (standardised mean difference −0.059, 95% CI −0.087 to −0.032). Human involvement had no significant effect on effectiveness.

Conclusions
Despite low effectiveness, DBIs might play a role in large-scale prevention efforts against suicidal ideation within a stepped care approach. Further, DBIs may be helpful in expanding mental health services in low- and middle-income countries with otherwise limited access to mental healthcare. Although the evidence for DBIs efficacy is well grounded, the technical and scientific evaluation of DBIs regarding their set up, functionality and components needs to be addressed in future studies.
COLUMBUS 5-Year Update: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trial of Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib Versus Vemurafenib or Encorafenib in Patients WithBRAFV600–Mutant Melanoma
Authors: Dummer Reinhard , Flaherty Keith T. , Robert Caroline , Arance Ana , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Garbe Claus , Gogas Helen J. , Gutzmer Ralf , Krajsová Ivana , Liszkay Gabriella , Loquai Carmen , Mandalà Mario , Schadendorf Dirk , Yamazaki Naoya , di Pietro Alessandra , Cantey-Kiser Jean , Edwards Michelle , Ascierto Paolo A. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSECombination treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has demonstrated benefits on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and is a standard of care for the treatment of advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma. Here, we report the 5-year update from the COLUMBUS trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01909453 ).METHODSPatients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600–mutant melanoma, untreated or progressed after first-line immunotherapy, were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to encorafenib 450 mg once daily plus binimetinib 45 mg twice daily, vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily, or encorafenib 300 mg once daily. An updated analysis was conducted 65 months after the last patient was randomly assigned.RESULTSFive hundred seventy-seven patients were randomly assigned: 192 to encorafenib plus binimetinib, 191 to vemurafenib, and 194 to encorafenib. The 5-year PFS and OS rates with encorafenib plus binimetinib were 23% and 35% overall and 31% and 45% in those with normal lactate dehydrogenase levels, respectively. In comparison, the 5-year PFS and OS rates with vemurafenib were 10% and 21% overall and 12% and 28% in those with normal lactate dehydrogenase levels, respectively. The median duration of response with encorafenib plus binimetinib was 18.6 months, with disease control achieved in 92.2% of patients. In comparison, the median duration of response with vemurafenib was 12.3 months, with disease control achieved in 81.2% of patients. Long-term follow-up showed no new safety concerns, and results were consistent with the known tolerability profile of encorafenib plus binimetinib. Interactive visualization of the data presented in this article is available at COLUMBUS dashboard.CONCLUSIONIn this 5-year update of part 1 of the COLUMBUS trial, encorafenib plus binimetinib treatment demonstrated continued long-term benefits and a consistent safety profile in patients with BRAF V600–mutant melanoma.
Model Complexity and Accuracy: A COVID-19 Case Study
Authors: Small Colin , Bickel J. Eric 
Published: July 2022

When creating mathematical models for forecasting and decision making, there is a tendency to include more complexity than necessary, in the belief that higher-fidelity models are more accurate than simpler ones. In this paper, we analyze the performance of models that submitted COVID-19 forecasts to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and evaluate them against a simple two-equation model that is specified using simple linear regression. We find that our simple model was comparable in accuracy to highly publicized models and had among the best-calibrated forecasts. This result may be surprising given the complexity of many COVID-19 models and their support by large forecasting teams. However, our result is consistent with the body of research that suggests that simple models perform very well in a variety of settings. History: This paper has been accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Health Decision Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories [Cockrell School of Engineering’s Engineering Foundation Endowed Professorship No. 1].
Adaptive Design of Personalized Dose-Finding Clinical Trials
Authors: Delshad Saeid , Khademi Amin 
Published: July 2022

A key and challenging step toward personalized/precision medicine is the ability to redesign dose-finding clinical trials. This work studies a problem of fully response-adaptive Bayesian design of phase II dose-finding clinical trials with patient information, where the decision maker seeks to identify the right dose for each patient type (often defined as an effective target dose for each group of patients) by minimizing the expected (over patient types) variance of the right dose. We formulate this problem by a stochastic dynamic program and exploit a few properties of this class of learning problems. Because the optimal solution is intractable, we propose an approximate policy by an adaptation of a one-step look-ahead framework. We show the optimality of the proposed policy for a setting with homogeneous patients and two doses and find its asymptotic rate of sampling. We adapt a number of commonly applied allocation policies in dose-finding clinical trials, such as posterior adaptive sampling, and test their performance against our proposed policy via extensive simulations with synthetic and real data. Our numerical analyses provide insights regarding the connection between the structure of the dose-response curve for each patient type and the performance of allocation policies. This paper provides a practical framework for the Food and Drug Administration and pharmaceutical companies to transition from the current phase II procedures to the era of personalized dose-finding clinical trials. Funding: This research is supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1651912]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2022.0306 .
Comparison of feasibility between hypodermoclysis and intravenous hydration among palliative care patients in Thailand
Authors: Chanthong Pratamaporn , Siriwattanakul Suphawan , Srion Chawalee 
Published: July 2022

Background:Hypodermoclysis is a method of subcutaneous fluid administration. It has been used to treat palliative patients safely and effectively. However, the use of subcutaneous hydration is often overlooked.Aim:This study aimed to compare the feasibility, pain experience and acceptability between subcutaneous and intravenous hydration in a hospital setting.Methods:A prospective, randomised clinical trial was conducted. Patients requiring fluid administration were randomly allocated an intravenous or subcutaneous route. Patients’ pain score, satisfaction and acceptance levels were collected. The difficulty score of the needle insertion and acceptance scores from nurses were recorded.Findings:A total of 26 patients were enrolled. The difficulty scores and patients’ pain scores were significantly lower in the subcutaneous group. The satisfaction and acceptance levels of the patients and nurses were similar in both groups. No systemic side-effects were found in either group.Conclusion:Hypodermoclysis was acceptable and satisfying to patients and nurses. It was less painful than the intravenous route.
‘End of life’: a concept analysis
Authors: Schüttengruber Gerhilde , Halfens Ruud J. , Lohrmann Christa 
Published: July 2022

Background: The concept of end of life (EOL), as in the term end-of-life care, is used synonymously in both palliative and terminal care. Practitioners and researchers both require a clearer specification of the end-of-life concept to be able to provide appropriate care in this phase of life and to conduct robust research on a well-described theoretical basis. Aims: The aim of this study was to critically analyse the end-of-life concept and its associated terminology. Method: A concept analysis was performed by applying Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method. Findings: Time remaining, clinical status/physical symptoms, psychosocial symptoms and dignity were identified as the main attributes of the concept. Transition into the end-of-life phase and its recognition were identified as antecedents. This study demonstrates that end-of-life care emerged following the application of the ‘end-of-life concept’ to clinical practice. Conclusion: The early recognition of the end-of-life phase seems to be crucial to ensuring an individual has well-managed symptoms and a dignified death.
Isotope selective three-step photoionization of 177Lu
Authors: Suryanarayana M. V. , Sankari M. 
Published: July 2022

A 540-535-618 three-step photoionization scheme has been theoretically investigated for the laser isotope separation of

177

L
u

through density matrix formalism. Equations of motion for the three-step photoionization of odd isotopes have been derived. The effects of Doppler broadening, bandwidth and peak power density of excitation lasers, number density of atoms on the degree of enrichment of

177

L
u

and production rate have been studied. Optimum conditions for the laser isotope separation of

177

L
u

for the cases of initial abundances corresponding to the irradiation of natural Lu in low, medium, and high flux reactors have been derived. Under optimum conditions, the production rates of

177

L
u

in ranges of 0.87, 14.5, and 92.5 mg/h can be achieved with degrees of enrichment of 66%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, for the cases of initial abundances corresponding to the irradiation of natural Lu in low, medium, and high flux reactors. It has also been shown that the content of

177

m

L
u

in the enriched isotope mixture will be in the range of

10

−
2

%

to

10

−
4

%

. This provides a comprehensive solution to the application of

177

L
u

for cancer therapy.
Ghost imaging via spectral multiplexing in the broadband terahertz range
Authors: Ismagilov Azat , Lappo-Danilevskaya Anastasia , Grachev Yaroslav , Nasedkin Boris , Zalipaev Victor , Petrov Nikolay V. , Tcypkin Anton 
Published: July 2022

A method is proposed for accelerating measurements for ghost imaging reconstruction of objects using spectral multiplexing of speckle patterns formed by broadband terahertz (THz) radiation. The presented method aims at the challenge of a sufficiently large number of measurements, and increases the correlation between reference and reconstructed images. It is experimentally shown that unique speckle patterns for individual frequencies can be formed by broadband THz radiation while propagating through a random phase plate. It is shown by numerical simulation that these speckle patterns can be used to decrease the number of diffusers required by more than one order compared to the integrated method. The possibility of using electro-optical detection in the proposed technique reduces the number of measurements. For example, for the spectral range from 0.2 to 1.2 THz, there is a more than 20-fold decrease in the number of diffusers used.
Individual and community-level determinates of risky sexual behaviors among sexually active unmarried men: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Diress Gedefaw , Adane Seteamlak , Linger Melese , Merchaw Abebe , Mengist Belayneh 
Published: July 2022

Background
In Ethiopia, HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health problem mostly due to the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors. However, research on risky sexual behavior and its determinants among unmarried men (never married, widowed, and divorced) who are highly vulnerable to risky sexual behavior was limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among non-married men using a nationally representative sample.

Methods
The analysis was done on 5680 sexually active unmarried men aged 15–59 years using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The main outcome variable was risky sexual behavior which defined as having at least one of the following: multiple sexual partners; initiation of sex before the age of 18 years; inconsistent condom use in the last 12 months; alcohol consumption at last sex. Multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects regression was employed to identify variables associated with risky sexual behavior.

Result
The overall magnitude of risky sexual behavior was 26.9% (95% CI; 25.7, 28.0). Currently employed (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.64–3.77), history of HIV testing (AOR = 2.51, 95% C = 1.95–3.23), drinking alcohol almost every day (AOR = 5.49, 95 CI = 2.73–11.02), and using Internet daily (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.06–3.74) increase the odds of risky sexual behavior. Whereas, primary education (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.32–0.61), secondary education level (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.72) and a high proportion of community-level media exposure (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.12–0.75) decrease the odds of risky sexual behavior.

Conclusion
In general, a significant proportion of sexually active unmarried men in Ethiopia have practiced risky sexual behavior. An intervention should be designed which are against the factors found to increase the odds of risky sexual behavior to reduce the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Building a public health workforce for a university campus during a pandemic using a practicum framework: Design and outcomes
Authors: Dewa Carolyn S. , Che Zoe , Guggenbickler Andrea M. , Phan Rebecca , Pollock Bradley 
Published: July 2022

Background
The reopening of college and university campuses was seen as presenting a high risk for transmission of COVID-19. Thus, these institutions faced with a new public health challenge never heretofore faced on this scale. To magnify the problem, they needed to rapidly develop and implement re-opening plans in an environment filled with uncertainty and for a population that was significantly less likely to observe COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. In response, within three weeks of opening, as part of its COVID-19 public health strategy, a West Coast university created and trained a public health workforce comprised of 282 undergraduates tasked with encouraging compliance with COVID-19 mitigating healthy behaviors.

Main objectives
This paper describes the use and outcomes of a practicum framework to quickly create a university-based public health workforce. It addresses two questions: (1) Using a practicum framework, what are important considerations in designing and building a public health workforce for a university campus? and (2) What are the benefits to the workforce in terms of public health education and professional growth?

Methods
Program administrative data were used to describe the workforce and their learning outcomes.

Results
The majority of students indicated that through the practicum, they learned new skills/developed new attitudes (71.7%) and became aware of their own strengths and opportunities for professional growth (73.7%). The types of new skills and attitudes learned included communication (49.2%), conflict management (20.4%), time management (7.5%), and open-mindedness/less judgmental attitude (14.6%). In terms of public health, they gained an understanding of infectious disease prevention (40.9%) that is multi-disciplinary (20.5%), and involves a community effort (36.8%).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate an effective way of rapidly addressing public health concerns that allowed for on the job training and opportunities for young adults to learn and grow. The practicum framework allowed the expeditious development of a public health workforce that ensured a fit between student interests and the role. This led to high retention with the majority of students continuing into the winter quarter. Only 5% of students reported not being satisfied with their position. None of the students contracted job-related COVID-19. The role gave students a sense of purpose during the pandemic’s uncertain times that helped to protect them from the negative effects of stress. The practicum structure and support fostered a safe environment in which students were able to feel part of the larger community while gaining valuable work experience and skills and serve their community.