bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cloud Process in the Mixing State and Microphysical Properties of Soot Particles: Implications in Light Absorption Enhancement
Authors: Fu Yuzhen , Peng Xiaocong , Sun Wei , Hu Xiaodong , Wang Dian , Yang Yuxiang , Guo Ziyong , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Guohua , Zhu Jianxi , Ou Jie , Shi Zongbo , Wang Xinming , Bi Xinhui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe radiative forcing of soot is dependent on the morphology, mixing state and structure. Cloud processing has been predicted to affect their mixing properties but little is known about the resulting light absorption properties. We collected ambient particles in the pre‐cloud period, the cloud residues and interstitials in the in‐cloud period at Mt. Tianjing (southern China). The morphology parameters of soot aggregates with varying mixing materials [sulfate (S) and organics (OM)] and mixing structures were investigated by a transmission electron microscope, and their absorption cross section were calculated based on discrete dipole approximation. We found that the number contribution of soot‐S decreased from 45% in the pre‐cloud period to 32% in the in‐cloud period, and that of soot‐OM increased from 44% to 60%. Moreover, the number proportion of soot‐OM with fully embedded structure increased remarkably in the in‐cloud period (29%), compared with that in the pre‐cloud period (3%). In addition, the soot‐S aggregates became denser after in‐cloud aqueous process. However, for soot‐OM aggregates, the morphology remained relatively constant. The distinctly different change of soot‐S and soot‐OM in morphology highlights the chemically resolved reconstruction of soot morphology. Theoretical calculation further shows that the changes of soot particles in the mixing state and morphological characteristics by the cloud process resulted in the light absorption enhancement increase from 1.57 to 2.01. This study highlights that the evolution of microphysical properties upon cloud processing should also be considered in climate models to more accurately evaluate the impacts of soot particles.
End‐Member Mixing Analysis as a Tool for the Detection of Major Storms in Lake Sediment Records
Authors: Patterson R. Timothy , Nasser Nawaf A. , Reinhardt Eduard G. , Patterson Calder W. , Gregory Braden R. B. , Mazzella Veronica , Roe Helen M. , Galloway Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMajor Tropical Cyclone (TC) events cause extensive damage in coastal regions of the western North Atlantic Basin. The short instrumental record leaves significant gaps in understanding long‐term trends in TC recurrence and intensity, creating uncertainty about future storm trends. Analysis of an ∼520‐year core record from Harvey Lake, located >80 km from the Atlantic coast in southwestern New Brunswick, Canada was carried out using: (a) end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA) of lake sediment grain size data to identify storm‐linked sedimentological processes; and (2) ITRAX X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) derived element/ratios (Fe, Ti, Ca/Sr, Zr/Rb, K/Rb, and Br + Cl/Al) associated with precipitation, weathering, catchment runoff, and air masses. Three derived end members were correlated to heavy rainfall events (EM01), spring freshet (EM02), and TCs (EM03). CONISS analysis of the EMMA and XRF core data resulted in recognition of four unique climatic zones distinguished by distinct distributions of TC and rainfall/weathering/runoff/and air masses. Numerous, major (EM01) rainfall events and (EM03) TC events characterized the basal core record during the early Little Ice Age (LIAa; Zone 1) phase, terminating at ∼1645. A near cessation of heavy rainfall and TC events differentiated the subsequent colder LIAb (∼1645–1825; Zone 2) and subsequent Little Ice Age Transition (∼1825–1895; Zone 3). A resurgence of major rainfall and TC events occurred during recovery from the LIA starting in ∼1895 (Zone 4). EMMA provides a robust tool for recognition of TC and major rainfall events, and greatly expands the potential for paleo‐storm activity research well inland from coastal regions.
Super‐UWB MIMO Antenna With Dual Band‐Notched and High Gain
Authors: Rahim Sajjad , Elobied Abubaker Ahmed , Huang Wei , Yang Xue‐Xia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 2 × 2 multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with super‐ultra wideband (super‐UWB), dual band‐notched characteristics and high gain is proposed. The antenna element consists of a circular slot shape radiator fed by a tapered feedline on the top side of the substrate, whereas defected ground structure (DGS) is etched on the bottom ground plane. The DGS and tapered feedline has been designed to produce the super‐UWB performance. Dual‐band notch is achieved by etching a J‐shape slot in the radiator and an I‐shape slot at the edges of the ground plane. The dual‐band notch prevents the electromagnetic interference allocated for other wireless applications. High isolation is realized by incorporating a plus‐shape decoupling structure with four small arm shape stubs at the center of the ground plane. A prototype was fabricated to verify the simulated and measurement results. The proposed design achieves a super‐ultra wide bandwidth of 165% (3.4 ∼ 35 GHz), isolation of 21 dB, and a peak gain of 13 dBi. The notched bands are at 6.6 and 10 GHz. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.01. The overall size of the MIMO design is 0.58λ0L × 0.34λ0L (λ0L is the free‐space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency).
Flash Drought Onset and Development Mechanisms Captured With Soil Moisture and Vegetation Data Assimilation
Authors: Ahmad Shahryar K. , Kumar Sujay V. , Lahmers Timothy M. , Wang Shugong , Liu Pang‐Wei , Wrzesien Melissa L. , Bindlish Rajat , Getirana Augusto , Locke Kim A. , Holmes Thomas R. , Otkin Jason A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlash droughts evolve and intensify rapidly under the influence of anomalous atmospheric conditions. In this study, we investigate the role of assimilating remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) and vegetation properties in capturing the evolution and impacts of two flash droughts in the Northern Great Plains. We find that during 2016 drought triggered by anomalously high temperatures and excessive evaporative demands, multivariate data assimilation (DA) of MODIS‐derived leaf area index (LAI) and Soil Moisture Active Passive SM within Noah‐Multiparameterization model helps capture elevated transpiration at onset. Assimilation of LAI particularly helped model the resulting rapid decline in SM during onset with as high as 10.0% steeper rate of decline compared to the simulation without any assimilation. Modeled‐SM anomalies exhibit a 7.5% and 11.7% increase in similarity with Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) data and U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) maps, respectively. In contrast, during 2017 flash drought driven by record‐low precipitation during summers, SM assimilation resulted in largest rates of decline in rootzone SM, as large as 48.4% compared to results from no assimilation. Multivariate DA of SM and LAI results in 6.7% and 14.3% higher spatial similarity with ESI and USDM, respectively, and is necessary to model rapid intensification caused by anomalous precipitation deficits. This study elucidates the need to incorporate multiple observational constraints from remote sensing to effectively capture rapid onset rates, intensification, and severity of flash drought following different propagation mechanisms. This is fundamental for drought early detection to provide a wider window of response and implement efficient mitigation strategies.
Observation of room temperature excitons in an atomically thin topological insulator
Authors: Syperek Marcin , Stühler Raul , Consiglio Armando , Holewa Paweł , Wyborski Paweł , Dusanowski Łukasz , Reis Felix , Höfling Sven , Thomale Ronny , Hanke Werner , Claessen Ralph , Di Sante Domenico , Schneider Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptical spectroscopy of ultimately thin materials has significantly enhanced our understanding of collective excitations in low-dimensional semiconductors. This is particularly reflected by the rich physics of excitons in atomically thin crystals which uniquely arises from the interplay of strong Coulomb correlation, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and lattice geometry. Here we extend the field by reporting the observation of room temperature excitons in a material of non-trivial global topology. We study the fundamental optical excitation spectrum of a single layer of bismuth atoms epitaxially grown on a SiC substrate (hereafter bismuthene or Bi/SiC) which has been established as a large-gap, two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator. Strongly developed optical resonances are observed to emerge around the direct gap at the K and K’ points of the Brillouin zone, indicating the formation of bound excitons with considerable oscillator strength. These experimental findings are corroborated, concerning both the character of the excitonic resonances as well as their energy scale, by ab-initio GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, confirming strong Coulomb interaction effects in these optical excitations. Our observations provide evidence of excitons in a 2D QSH insulator at room temperature, with excitonic and topological physics deriving from the very same electronic structure.
Constitutional isomerism of the linkages in donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks and its impact on photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jin , Ghosh Samrat , Roeser Jérôme , Acharjya Amitava , Penschke Christopher , Tsutsui Yusuke , Rabeah Jabor , Wang Tianyi , Djoko Tameu Simon Yves , Ye Meng-Yang , Grüneberg Julia , Li Shuang , Li Changxia , Schomäcker Reinhard , Van De Krol Roel , Seki Shu , Saalfrank Peter , Thomas Arne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen new covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are designed, the main efforts are typically focused on selecting specific building blocks with certain geometries and properties to control the structure and function of the final COFs. The nature of the linkage (imine, boroxine, vinyl, etc.) between these building blocks naturally also defines their properties. However, besides the linkage type, the orientation, i.e., the constitutional isomerism of these linkages, has rarely been considered so far as an essential aspect. In this work, three pairs of constitutionally isomeric imine-linked donor-acceptor (D-A) COFs are synthesized, which are different in the orientation of the imine bonds (D-C=N-A (DCNA) and D-N=C-A (DNCA)). The constitutional isomers show substantial differences in their photophysical properties and consequently in their photocatalytic performance. Indeed, all DCNA COFs show enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution performance than the corresponding DNCA COFs. Besides the imine COFs shown here, it can be concluded that the proposed concept of constitutional isomerism of linkages in COFs is quite universal and should be considered when designing and tuning the properties of COFs.
Detection and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections during the Omicron variant circulation in France
Authors: Bal Antonin , Simon Bruno , Destras Gregory , Chalvignac Richard , Semanas Quentin , Oblette Antoine , Quéromès Grégory , Fanget Remi , Regue Hadrien , Morfin Florence , Valette Martine , Lina Bruno , Josset Laurence 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom December 2021-February 2022, an intense and unprecedented co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants with high genetic diversity raised the question of possible co-infections between variants and how to detect them. Using 11 mixes of Delta:Omicron isolates at different ratios, we evaluated the performance of 4 different sets of primers used for whole-genome sequencing and developed an unbiased bioinformatics method for the detection of co-infections involving genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Applied on 21,387 samples collected between December 6, 2021 to February 27, 2022 from random genomic surveillance in France, we detected 53 co-infections between different lineages. The prevalence of Delta and Omicron (BA.1) co-infections and Omicron lineages BA.1 and BA.2 co-infections were estimated at 0.18% and 0.26%, respectively. Among 6,242 hospitalized patients, the intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates were 1.64%, 4.81% and 15.38% in Omicron, Delta and Delta/Omicron patients, respectively. No BA.1/BA.2 co-infections were reported among ICU admitted patients. Among the 53 co-infected patients, a total of 21 patients (39.6%) were not vaccinated. Although SARS-CoV-2 co-infections were rare in this study, their proper detection is crucial to evaluate their clinical impact and the risk of the emergence of potential recombinants.
Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and protection induced by a nanoparticle vaccine
Authors: Li Dapeng , Martinez David R. , Schäfer Alexandra , Chen Haiyan , Barr Maggie , Sutherland Laura L. , Lee Esther , Parks Robert , Mielke Dieter , Edwards Whitney , Newman Amanda , Bock Kevin W. , Minai Mahnaz , Nagata Bianca M. , Gagne Matthew , Douek Daniel C. , DeMarco C. Todd , Denny Thomas N. , Oguin Thomas H. , Brown Alecia , Rountree Wes , Wang Yunfei , Mansouri Katayoun , Edwards Robert J. , Ferrari Guido , Sempowski Gregory D. , Eaton Amanda , Tang Juanjie , Cain Derek W. , Santra Sampa , Pardi Norbert , Weissman Drew , Tomai Mark A. , Fox Christopher B. , Moore Ian N. , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Golding Hana , Seder Robert , Khurana Surender , Baric Ralph S. , Montefiori David C. , Saunders Kevin O. , Haynes Barton F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoronavirus vaccines that are highly effective against current and anticipated SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed to control COVID-19. We previously reported a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-sortase A-conjugated ferritin nanoparticle (scNP) vaccine that induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses and protected non-human primates (NHPs) from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. Here, we find the RBD-scNP induced neutralizing antibodies in NHPs against pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants including 614G, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5, and a designed variant with escape mutations, PMS20. Adjuvant studies demonstrate variant neutralization titers are highest with 3M-052-aqueous formulation (AF). Immunization twice with RBD-scNPs protect NHPs from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1, Beta, and Delta variant challenge, and protect mice from challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant and two other heterologous sarbecoviruses. These results demonstrate the ability of RBD-scNPs to induce broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and to protect animals from multiple different SARS-related viruses. Such a vaccine could provide broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Dimensional reduction and incommensurate dynamic correlations in the $$S=\frac{1}{2}$$ triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2
Authors: Zvyagin S. A. , Ponomaryov A. N. , Wosnitza J. , Hirai D. , Hiroi Z. , Gen M. , Kohama Y. , Matsuo A. , Matsuda Y. H. , Kindo K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe observation of spinon excitations in the $$S=\frac{1}{2}$$
S
=

1

2

triangular antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2 reveals a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) nature of magnetic correlations, in spite of the nominally 2D magnetic structure. This phenomenon is known as frustration-induced dimensional reduction. Here, we present high-field electron spin resonance spectroscopy and magnetization studies of Ca3ReO5Cl2, allowing us not only to refine spin-Hamiltonian parameters, but also to investigate peculiarities of its low-energy spin dynamics. We argue that the presence of the uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) shifts the spinon continuum in momentum space and, as a result, opens a zero-field gap at the Γ point. We observed this gap directly. The shift is found to be consistent with the structural modulation in the ordered state, suggesting this material as a perfect model triangular-lattice system, where a pure DMI-spiral ground state can be realized.
Retinoblastoma protein as an intrinsic BRD4 inhibitor modulates small molecule BET inhibitor sensitivity in cancer
Authors: Ding Donglin , Zheng Rongbin , Tian Ye , Jimenez Rafael , Hou Xiaonan , Weroha Saravut J. , Wang Liguo , Shi Lei , Huang Haojie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins including BRD4 play important roles in oncogenesis and immune inflammation. Here we demonstrate that cancer cells with loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor became resistant to small molecule bromodomain inhibitors of BET proteins. We find that RB binds to bromodomain-1 (BD1) of BRD4, but binding is impeded by CDK4/6-mediated RB phosphorylation at serine-249/threonine-252 (S249/T252). ChIP-seq analysis shows RB knockdown increases BRD4 occupancy at genomic loci of genes enriched in cancer-related pathways including the GPCR-GNBIL-CREB axis. S249/T252-phosphorylated RB positively correlates with GNBIL protein level in prostate cancer patient samples. BET inhibitor resistance in RB-deficient cells is abolished by co-administration of CREB inhibitor. Our study identifies RB protein as a bona fide intrinsic inhibitor of BRD4 and demonstrates that RB inactivation confers resistance to small molecule BET inhibitors, thereby revealing a regulatory hub that converges RB upstream signaling onto BRD4 functions in diseases such as cancer.
Metabolic control of CD47 expression through LAT2-mediated amino acid uptake promotes tumor immune evasion
Authors: Wang Zenan , Li Binghao , Li Shan , Lin Wenlong , Wang Zhan , Wang Shengdong , Chen Weida , Shi Wei , Chen Tao , Zhou Hao , Yinwang Eloy , Zhang Wenkan , Mou Haochen , Chai Xupeng , Zhang Jiahao , Lu Zhimin , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemotherapy elicits tumor immune evasion with poorly characterized mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy markedly enhances the expression levels of CD47 in osteosarcoma tissues, which are positively associated with patient mortality. We reveal that macrophages in response to chemotherapy secrete interleukin-18, which in turn upregulates expression of L-amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2) in tumor cells for substantially enhanced uptakes of leucine and glutamine, two potent stimulators of mTORC1. The increased levels of leucine and enhanced glutaminolysis activate mTORC1 and subsequent c-Myc-mediated transcription of CD47. Depletion of LAT2 or treatment of tumor cells with a LAT inhibitor downregulates CD47 with enhanced macrophage infiltration and phagocytosis of tumor cells, and sensitizes osteosarcoma to doxorubicin treatment in mice. These findings unveil a mutual regulation between macrophage and tumor cells that plays a critical role in tumor immune evasion and underscore the potential to intervene with the LAT2-mediated amino acid uptake for improving cancer therapies.
Engineered helicase replaces thermocycler in DNA amplification while retaining desired PCR characteristics
Authors: Gavrilov Momčilo , Yang Joshua Y. C. , Zou Roger S. , Ma Wen , Lee Chun-Ying , Mohapatra Sonisilpa , Kang Jimin , Liao Ting-Wei , Myong Sua , Ha Taekjip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an essential method in molecular diagnostics and life sciences. PCR requires thermal cycling for heating the DNA for strand separation and cooling it for replication. The process uses a specialized hardware and exposes biomolecules to temperatures above 95 °C. Here, we engineer a PcrA M6 helicase with enhanced speed and processivity to replace the heating step by enzymatic DNA unwinding while retaining desired PCR characteristics. We name this isothermal amplification method SHARP (SSB-Helicase Assisted Rapid PCR) because it uses the engineered helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) in addition to standard PCR reagents. SHARP can generate amplicons with lengths of up to 6000 base pairs. SHARP can produce functional DNA, a plasmid that imparts cells with antibiotic resistance, and can amplify specific fragments from genomic DNA of human cells. We further use SHARP to assess the outcome of CRISPR-Cas9 editing at endogenous genomic sites.
Cryomicroscopy reveals the structural basis for a flexible hinge motion in the immunoglobulin M pentamer
Authors: Chen Qu , Menon Rajesh , Calder Lesley J. , Tolar Pavel , Rosenthal Peter B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmunoglobulin M (IgM) is the most ancient of the five isotypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules and serves as the first line of defence against pathogens. Here, we use cryo-EM to image the structure of the human full-length IgM pentamer, revealing antigen binding domains flexibly attached to the asymmetric and rigid core formed by the Cμ4 and Cμ3 constant regions and the J-chain. A hinge is located at the Cμ3/Cμ2 domain interface, allowing Fabs and Cμ2 to pivot as a unit both in-plane and out-of-plane. This motion is different from that observed in IgG and IgA, where the two Fab arms are able to swing independently. A biased orientation of one pair of Fab arms results from asymmetry in the constant domain (Cμ3) at the IgM subunit interacting most extensively with the J-chain. This may influence the multi-valent binding to surface-associated antigens and complement pathway activation. By comparison, the structure of the Fc fragment in the IgM monomer is similar to that of the pentamer, but is more dynamic in the Cμ4 domain.
A noncanonical function of EIF4E limits ALDH1B1 activity and increases susceptibility to ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Xin , Huang Jun , Yu Chunhua , Liu Jiao , Gao Wanli , Li Jingbo , Song Xinxin , Zhou Zhuan , Li Changfeng , Xie Yangchun , Kroemer Guido , Liu Jinbao , Tang Daolin , Kang Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death that is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer. However, the mechanisms of ferroptosis during the generation and detoxification of lipid peroxidation products remain rather poorly defined. Here, we report an unexpected role for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4E as a determinant of ferroptotic sensitivity by controlling lipid peroxidation. A drug screening identified 4EGI-1 and 4E1RCat (previously known as EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction inhibitors) as powerful inhibitors of ferroptosis. Genetic and functional studies showed that EIF4E (but not EIF4G1) promotes ferroptosis in a translation-independent manner. Using mass spectrometry and subsequent protein-protein interaction analysis, we identified EIF4E as an endogenous repressor of ALDH1B1 in mitochondria. ALDH1B1 belongs to the family of aldehyde dehydrogenases and may metabolize the aldehyde substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) at high concentrations. Supraphysiological levels of 4HNE triggered ferroptosis, while low concentrations of 4HNE increased the cell susceptibility to classical ferroptosis inducers by activating the NOX1 pathway. Accordingly, EIF4E-dependent ALDH1B1 inhibition enhanced the anticancer activity of ferroptosis inducers in vitro and in vivo. Our results support a key function of EIF4E in orchestrating lipid peroxidation to ignite ferroptosis.