bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Interval for the Multi-Target Stool DNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Imperiale Thomas F. , Lavin Philip T. , Marti Tara N. , Jakubowski Debbie , Itzkowitz Steven H. , May Folasade P. , Limburg Paul J. , Sweetser Seth , Daghestani Anas , Berger Barry M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Data supporting the clinical utility of multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) at the guideline-recommended 3-year interval have not been reported.
Between April 2015 and July 2016, candidates for colorectal cancer screening whose providers prescribed the mt-sDNA test were enrolled. Participants with a positive baseline test were recommended for colonoscopy and completed the study. Those with a negative baseline test were followed annually for 3 years. In year 3, the mt-sDNA test was repeated and colonoscopy was recommended independent of results. Data were analyzed using the Predictive Summary Index (PSI), a measure of the gain in certainty for dichotomous diagnostic tests (where a positive value indicates a net gain), and by comparing observed versus expected colorectal cancers and advanced precancerous lesions.
Of 2,404 enrolled subjects, 2,044 (85%) had a valid baseline mt-sDNA result [284 (13.9%) positive and 1,760 (86.1%) negative]. Following participant attrition, the year 3 intention to screen cohort included 591 of 1,760 (33.6%) subjects with valid mt-sDNA and colonoscopy results, with no colorectal cancers and 63 advanced precancerous lesions [22 (34.9%) detected by mt-sDNA] and respective PSI values of 0% (P = 1) and 9.3% (P = 0.01). The observed 3-year colorectal cancer yield was lower than expected (one-sided P = 0.09), while that for advanced precancerous lesions was higher than expected (two-sided P = 0.009).
Repeat mt-sDNA screening at a 3-year interval resulted in a statistically significant gain in detection of advanced precancerous lesions. Due to absence of year 3 colorectal cancers, the PSI estimate for colorectal cancer was underpowered and could not be reliably quantified. Larger studies are required to assess the colorectal cancer study findings.

Prevention Relevance:
Understanding the 3-year yield of mt-sDNA for colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous polyps is required to ensure the clinical appropriateness of the 3-year interval and to optimize mt-sDNA's screening effectiveness.
PPARγ and NOTCH Regulate Regional Identity in the Murine Cardiac Outflow Tract
Authors: Rammah Mayyasa , Théveniau-Ruissy Magali , Sturny Rachel , Rochais Francesca , Kelly Robert G. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Development of this cardiac region occurs by addition of Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitor cells to the embryonic outflow tract (OFT) and subsequently the base of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms driving arterial pole morphogenesis is essential to provide further insights into the cause of CHDs.

Methods:
A synergistic combination of bioinformatic analysis and mouse genetics as well as embryo and explant culture experiments were used to dissect the cross-regulatory transcriptional circuitry operating in future subaortic and subpulmonary OFT myocardium.

Results:

Here, we show that the lipid sensor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma) is expressed in future subpulmonary myocardium in the inferior wall of the OFT and that PPARγ signaling-related genes display regionalized OFT expression regulated by the transcription factor TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1). Modulating PPARγ activity in ex vivo cultured embryos treated with a PPARγ agonist or antagonist or deleting
Pparγ
in cardiac progenitor cells using
Mesp1-Cre
reveals that
Pparγ
is required for addition of future subpulmonary myocardium and normal arterial pole development. Additionally, the non-canonical DLK1 (delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1)/NOTCH (Notch receptor 1)/HES1 (Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1) pathway negatively regulates
Ppar
γ in future subaortic myocardium in the superior OFT wall.

Conclusions:

Together these results identify
Pparγ
as a regulator of regional transcriptional identity in the developing heart, providing new insights into gene interactions involved in congenital heart defects.
Vascular Collagen Type-IV in Hypertension and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Kumar Apoorva A. , Yeo Natalie , Whittaker Max , Attra Priya , Barrick Thomas R. , Bridges Leslie R. , Dickson Dennis W. , Esiri Margaret M. , Farris Chad W. , Graham Delyth , Lin Wen Lang , Meijles Daniel N. , Pereira Anthony C. , Perry Gregory , Rosene Douglas L. , Shtaya Anan B. , Van Agtmael Tom , Zamboni Giovanna , Hainsworth Atticus H. 
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common in older people and causes lacunar stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. Risk factors include old age, hypertension and variants in the genes
COL4A1/COL4A2
encoding collagen alpha-1(IV) and alpha-2(IV), here termed collagen-IV, which are core components of the basement membrane. We tested the hypothesis that increased vascular collagen-IV associates with clinical hypertension and with SVD in older persons and with chronic hypertension in young and aged primates and genetically hypertensive rats.

Methods:

We quantified vascular collagen-IV immunolabeling in small arteries in a cohort of older persons with minimal Alzheimer pathology (N=52; 21F/31M, age 82.8±6.95 years). We also studied archive tissue from young (age range 6.2–8.3 years) and older (17.0–22.7 years) primates (
M mulatta
) and compared chronically hypertensive animals (18 months aortic stenosis) with normotensives. We also compared genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats (aged 10–12 months).

Results:

Collagen-IV immunolabeling in cerebral small arteries of older persons was negatively associated with radiological SVD severity (ρ: −0.427,
P
=0.005) but was not related to history of hypertension. General linear models confirmed the negative association of lower collagen-IV with radiological SVD (
P
<0.017), including age as a covariate and either clinical hypertension (
P
<0.030) or neuropathological SVD diagnosis (
P
<0.022) as fixed factors. Reduced vascular collagen-IV was accompanied by accumulation of fibrillar collagens (types I and III) as indicated by immunogold electron microscopy. In young and aged primates, brain collagen-IV was elevated in older normotensive relative to young normotensive animals (
P
=0.029) but was not associated with hypertension. Genetically hypertensive rats did not differ from normotensive rats in terms of arterial collagen-IV.

Conclusions:
Our cross-species data provide novel insight into sporadic SVD pathogenesis, supporting insufficient (rather than excessive) arterial collagen-IV in SVD, accompanied by matrix remodeling with elevated fibrillar collagen deposition. They also indicate that hypertension, a major risk factor for SVD, does not act by causing accumulation of brain vascular collagen-IV.
Research on Intelligent Organization and Application of Multi-source Heterogeneous Knowledge Resources for Energy Internet
Authors: Yuxuan Wang , Liqun Luo , Guangjian Li 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTTo improve the informationization and intelligence of the energy Internet industry and enhance the capability of knowledge services, it is necessary to organize the energy Internet body of knowledge from existing knowledge resources of the State Grid, which have the characteristics of large scale, multiple sources, and heterogeneity. At the same time, the business fields of State Grid cover a wide range. There are many sub-fields under each business field, and the relationship between fields is diverse and complex. The key to establishing the energy Internet body of knowledge is how to fuse the heterogeneous knowledge resources from multiple sources, extract the knowledge contents from them, and organize the different relationships. This paper considers transforming the original knowledge resources of State Grid into a unified and well-organized knowledge system described in OWL language to meet the requirements of heterogeneous resource integration, multi-source resource organization, and knowledge service provision. For the State Grid knowledge resources mainly in XML format, this paper proposes a Knowledge Automatic Fusion and Organization idea and method based on XSD Directed Graph. According to the method, the XML corresponding XSD documents are transformed into a directed graph in the first stage during which the graph neural network detects hidden knowledge inside the structure to add semantic information to the graph.In the second stage, for other structured knowledge resources (e.g., databases, spreadsheets), the knowledge contents and the relationships are analyzed manually to establish the mappings from structured resources to graph structures, using which the original knowledge resources are transformed into graph structures, and merged with the directed graphs obtained in the first stage to achieve the fusion of heterogeneous knowledge resources. And expert knowledge is introduced for heterogeneous knowledge fusion to further extend the directed graph. And in the third stage, the expanded directed graph is converted to the body of knowledge in the form of OWL. This paper takes the knowledge resources in the field of human resources of the State Grid as an example, to establish the ontology of the human resources training field in a unified manner, initially demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Truncated Oath of Innocence and the Adjudicatory Challenge to God: Three Examples (Job 31:5–6; Ps 44:21–22; Josh 22:23)
Authors: Holtz Shalom E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many previous interpretations of Job 31:5–6; Ps 44:21–22; and Josh 22:23 have mistaken these texts as simple conditionals or as fully-articulated oaths. These earlier readings misconstrue verbs of adjudicatory procedure as punishments serving as self-curses in oaths. Context and semantic content favor identifying truncated oaths of innocence followed by separate adjudicatory challenges to God.
The Armed Pashtun: The Smuggling of Small Firearms to the Frontier (1890-1914)
Authors: Giunchi Elisa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Afghanistan is the country in the world with the most SALW (small arms and light weapons). Contrary to what is usually assumed, the proliferation of modern firearms in the country did not start in the 1980s, but at the end of the 19th century, when Pashtun tribes acquired modern rifles and ammunition through a variety of means, mostly through smuggling. The paper investigates the illegal arms trade from the Gulf to the north-western Indian Frontier, an area of crucial importance for British imperial strategists and the Government of India, at a time of great power rivalry and a relative decline of Britain’s global influence.
Islam and the Nomadic Political Tradition in the 19th-Century Khanate of Khiva
Authors: Shioya Akifumi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study analyses the Islamic authority and the nomadic political tradition in the 19th-century Khanate of Khiva. The Khivan Qongrat rulers relied on Islamic authority to justify their rule, owing to their non-Chinggisid lineage. The study also contrasts the devastation and prosperity brought about by the two ruling lineages, Chinggisid and Qongrat, as documented by the Khivan chroniclers. The study further explores the nomadic political tradition including the rituals of a Khan’s ascendance to the throne, the Qongrat Khans’ connection with the Kazakh Sultans of Junior Juz, and the royal charter within the Khorazm oasis. The khans as holy warriors against infidels, their coexistence with the Islamic saint Pahlavān Maḥmūd and their perception of the Ottoman sultan as the Caliph of the Sunni Muslim world and other mixed and multifaceted characteristics, reflective of the traditions of Central Eurasian rulers are also touched upon.
The health care cost of comorbidity in individuals with mental disorders: A Danish register-based study
Authors: Christensen Maria K , McGrath John J , Momen Natalie , Weye Nanna , Agerbo Esben , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Iburg Kim M 
Published: October 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the annual health care cost by number of comorbid mental and somatic disorders in persons with a mental disorder. Methods: All persons living in Denmark between 2004 and 2017 with a hospital diagnosis of a mental disorder were identified. We investigated the cost of different health care services: psychiatric hospitals, somatic hospitals, primary health care (e.g. general practitioners, psychologists and so on) and subsidised prescriptions. Within those with at least one mental disorder, we examined the costs for people with (a) counts of different types of mental disorders (e.g. exactly 1, exactly 2 and so on up to 8 or more) and (b) counts of different types of somatic disorders (e.g. no somatic disorders, exactly 1, exactly 2 and so on up to 15 or more). The estimates are reported in average cost per case and nationwide annual cost in Euro 2017. Results: In total, 447,209 persons (238,659 females and 208,550 males) were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder in the study period. The average annual health care cost per case and nationwide cost was 4471 Euros and 786 million Euro, respectively, for persons with exactly one mental disorder, and 33,273 Euro and 3.6 million Euro for persons with eight or more mental disorders. The annual health care cost was 4613 Euro per case and 386 million Euro for persons without any somatic disorders, while the cost per case was 16,344 Euro and 0.7 million Euro in nationwide cost for persons with 15 or more disorders. The amount and proportion of the different health care costs varied by type of comorbidity and count of disorders. Conclusions: The annual health care cost per case was higher with increasing number of comorbid mental and somatic disorders, while the nationwide annual health care cost was lower with increasing number of comorbid disorders for persons with a mental disorder in Denmark.
Delamination detection on composite laminates using the modal displacement unevenness coefficient
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yin Xuechuan , Wei Li  , Lv Jianqi , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: October 2022

This paper develops a new detection method taking the power function of the modal displacement curvature difference as a damage index to accurately identify the location and degree of the delamination. The 4-layer Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene films of size 0.02 m × 0.11 m are embedded between adjacent carbon fiber prepregs being 0.06 m and 0.115 m away from the left edge, respectively. The force-hammer excitation experiment is carried out on the prepared laminates with fixed supports at both ends, and the frequency response curves of measuring points are processed by the Polylscf algorithm in Dong-Hua Data Analysis System. The finite element model of delaminated laminates is established through adding new layers with film properties, and the modal displacements of nodes are compared with experimental data. The number of measuring points in the experiment is limited, making the precise characterization of surface abrupt characteristics difficult. The numerical results are used to calculate the square of the Gaussian curvature difference between the modal displacements of intact and damaged laminates. Significant improvement of the delamination detection accuracy is achieved in this process, confirming that the developed method constitutes a valuable tool for the Non-Destructive Testing of the laminates.
Gender Analysis of Education Budgets in Pakistan: Case Studies of Punjab and Sindh
Authors: Manzoor Rabia , Tabassum Rabia , Ahmed Vaqar , Rauf Abdul , Zahid Junaid 
Published: October 2022

This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector. An in-depth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending in Pakistan of 2016-18 has been conducted. The study identifies that 22.8 million children aging between 5-16 years were out of school in 2016-17. In Sindh, a vast portion of girls’ public schools is functioning without basic facilities while the state of basic facilities is relatively better in the Punjab. Furthermore, study finds noticeable gender disparities in budgets for public education sector. The study concluded that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
A triangulation model for assessment of change in classroom behavior of medical teachers participating in faculty development program on lecturing skills
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Hammad , Ahsen Noor Fatima , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan 
Published: October 2022

Background & Aims We utilized a triangulation method of a faculty development program's (FDP) evaluation comprising short-course workshops on classroom behaviors and lecturing skills of basic sciences faculty in a medical school. Methods & Results This study utilized data from the pre and post evaluation of classroom lectures by an expert observer. Course participants were observed before the inception of a 4-month FDP and after 6-months of program completion. Findings at 6-month post-FDP interval were supplemented with students’ and participant's self-evaluation. Expert evaluation of 15 participants showed that more participants were summarizing lectures at the end of their class (p = 0.021), utilizing more than one teaching tool (p  =  0.008) and showing a well-structured flow of information (p = 0.013). Among the students, majority (95.5%, n  =  728) agreed on “teachers were well-prepared for the lecture”, however, a low number (66.1%, n  =  504) agreed on “teachers were able to make the lecture interesting”. On self-evaluation (n =  12), majority of the participants (91.7%, n  =  11) thought these FDP workshops had a positive impact on their role as a teacher. Conclusions Gathering feedback from multiple sources can provide a more holistic insight into the impact of an FDP and can provide a robust framework for setting up future FDP targets.
Sevoflurane alleviates lung injury and inflammatory response compared with propofol in a rat model of VV ECMO
Authors: Zhang Rongzhi , Zhai Kerong , Huang Jian , Wei Shilin , Yang Jianbao , Zhang Yanchun , Wu Xiangyang , Li Yongnan , Gao Bingren 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Although venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is a reasonable salvage treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it requires sedating the patient. Sevoflurane and propofol have pulmonary protective and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sevoflurane and propofol on rats with induced ARDS undergoing VV ECMO. Methods Fifteen sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Con group, sevoflurane (Sevo) group and propofol (Pro) group. Arterial blood gas tests were performed at time pointsT0 (baseline), T1 (the time to ARDS), and T2 (weaning from ECMO). Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated, and lung edema assessed by determining the lung wet:dry ratio. The protein concentration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined by using bicinchoninic acid assay. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung pathological scores in each group. IL-1β and TNF-α were also measured in the BALF, serum and lung. Results Oxygenation index showed improvement in the Sevo group versus Pro group. The wet:dry ratio was reduced in the Sevo group compared with propofol-treated rats. Lung pathological scores were substantially lower in the Sevo group versus the Pro group. Protein concentrations in the BALF and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the Sevo group were substantially lower versus Pro group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that compared with propofol, sevoflurane was more efficacious in improving oxygenation and decreasing inflammatory response in rat models with ARDS subject to VV ECMO treatment.
Struggle Against the Empire: Other Organisations and Cultural Nationalism
Authors: Sharda Ratan 
Published: October 2022

Dr B. R. Ambedkar noted that any freedom struggle or political change needs a base of cultural renaissance, reforms—both social and religious. Our retaliation against colonialists began from the very moment they tried to colonise India. Beginning with the Battle of Colachel that took place in 1741, there were uprisings from tribes in North East, Bengal and central India. Kuka Sikhs were the first to promote swadeshi, with the insistence on wearing hand woven clothes. This freedom struggle had many streams—earlier battles all over Bharat, revolutionary actions, organised arm struggle like Azad Hind Fauj (INA) and many streams of political thought that worked under the larger umbrella of the Indian National Congress while some worked independently. We had Home Rule League, Hindu Mahasabha, Swaraj Party and Congress Socialist Party (CSP). It was a long drawn struggle that was built on dharmic renaissance and cultural nationalism sparked by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. After working with revolutionaries and Congress party and studying history, Dr K. B. Hedgewar identified the problem of Bharat as a fractious Hindu society and the collective amnesia inculcated by the British. He decided to create a non-political organisation by first preparing battle-worthy citizens and founded the RSS. Contrary to critics’ claims, RSS too contributed to freedom struggle. Most important was its role on the eve of Independence in protecting Hindu-Sikh brethren from mindless violence and rehabilitating them when the leaders were busy celebrating the country’s independence on 15 August in 1947.