bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer: an up‐to‐date review and future perspectives
Authors: Hong Ruoxi , Xu Binghe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The occurrence of breast cancer is associated with many risk factors, including genetic and hereditary predisposition. Breast cancers are highly heterogeneous. Treatment strategies for breast cancer vary by molecular features, including activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), gene mutations (e.g., mutations of breast cancer 1/2 [BRCA1/2] and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha [PIK3CA]) and markers of the immune microenvironment (e.g., tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte [TIL] and programmed death‐ligand 1 [PD‐L1]). Early‐stage breast cancer is considered curable, for which local‐regional therapies (surgery and radiotherapy) are the cornerstone, with systemic therapy given before or after surgery when necessary. Preoperative or neoadjuvant therapy, including targeted drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become the standard of care for most early‐stage HER2‐positive and triple‐negative breast cancer, followed by risk‐adapted post‐surgical strategies. For ER‐positive early breast cancer, endocrine therapy for 5‐10 years is essential. Advanced breast cancer with distant metastases is currently considered incurable. Systemic therapies in this setting include endocrine therapy with targeted agents, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for hormone receptor‐positive disease, anti‐HER2 targeted therapy for HER2‐positive disease, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and immunotherapy currently for part of triple‐negative disease. Innovation technologies of precision medicine may guide individualized treatment escalation or de‐escalation in the future. In this review, we summarized the latest scientific information and discussed the future perspectives on breast cancer.
Cloudy with a chance of munchies: Assessing the impact of recreational marijuana legalization on obesity
Authors: March Raymond J. , Rayamajhee Veeshan , Furton Glenn L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity in the US arguably constitutes the most significant health epidemic over the past century. Recent legislative changes allowing for recreational marijuana use further create a need to better understand the relationship between marijuana use and health choices, leading to obesity. We examine this relationship by using a synthetic control approach to examine the impact of legalized recreational marijuana access on obesity rates by comparing Washington State to a synthetically constructed counterfactual. We find that recreational marijuana's introduction did not lead to increased obesity rates and may have led to decreases in obesity.
Correlation between radiologic and pathologic extranodal extension in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer: Systematic review
Authors: Morey Tristan , Hodge John‐Charles , Stern Cindy , Krishnan Suren , Foreman Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPretreatment determination of extranodal extension (ENE) has significant clinical implications in human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Unfortunately there is no gold‐standard imaging modality for radiological assessment of ENE in HPV+ OPSCC, leading to subjective assessments and complex decision making concerning ENE. A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy was therefore undertaken, with five databases systemically searched to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an imaging modality for detection of ENE in HPV+ OPSCC. A meta‐analysis was conducted on four CT studies using a random‐effects model. While a narrative synthesis was provided for the studies using PET/CT and “CT and MRI.” Out of 1772 hits, six studies were included in the review. Meta‐analysis on four CT studies showed CT had an overall sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 60%. PET/CT had a sensitivity of 37.5% and specificity of 97%. “CT and MRI” had a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 78%. Further diagnostic studies involving CT, PET/CT and MRI are ultimately required.
‘You have to have a level of trust’: Consumer‐described health literacy barriers and enablers to engaging with health care professionals
Authors: Wood Helen , Benino Diana , Brand Gabrielle , Clifford Rhonda , Lee Kenneth , Seubert Liza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedHealth literacy – the degree to which people can access, understand and use health information – is essential for shared decision‐making and improved health outcomes. Health consumers' ability to engage with health care professionals (HCPs) is influenced by their health literacy capabilities. This research sought to understand health literacy‐related barriers and enablers to engage with non‐physician HCPs as experienced by consumers.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach was undertaken. A semi‐structured interview guide was used, incorporating five health literacy domains described in the Health Literacy Questionnaire that related to consumers' engagement with health professionals. Audio‐ or digitally‐recorded interviews were conducted with Australian health consumers, and transcribed and themed using the Patient‐centred Access to Care framework as a template.ResultsInterviewing 30 consumers revealed that HCPs' clinical skills often enabled consumers to seek engagement; however, during active engagement their interpersonal skills became a key enabler. Conversely, a lack of developed interpersonal skills in HCPs was frequently seen as a barrier to consumer engagement. Barriers to engagement were also created when HCPs' information did not match what consumers discovered from other sources. However, consumers self‐reported that they were unable to appraise health information at least some of the time.ConclusionBarriers and enablers to consumers' engagement with HCPs were identified across each of the five relevant health literacy domains.So What?HCPs should be aware of the importance of interpersonal skills and clear health information suitable for consumers with lower health literacy. Additionally, time dedicated to educating consumers on information appraisal could act as a further enabler to effective engagement.
Electrospun nanofiber mesh with connective tissue growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells for pelvic floor repair: Long‐term study
Authors: Laursen Sofie Husted , Hansen Signe Gellert , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Chen Menglin , Wogensen Lise , Nygaard Jens Vinge , Axelsen Susanne Maigaard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects many women, with an estimated lifetime risk of surgical intervention of 18.7%. There is a need for alternative approaches as the use of synthetic nondegradable mesh was stopped due to severe adverse events, and as current methods for pelvic floor repair have high POP recurrence rates. Thus, we hypothesized that electrospun degradable meshes with stem cells and growth factor were safe and durable for the long term in elderly rats. In an abdominal repair model, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes coated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/PEG‐fibrinogen (PF) and rat mesenchymal stem cells were implanted in elderly female rats and removed after in average 53 weeks (53‐week group). Collagen amount and production were quantified by qPCR and Western blotting. Moreover, histological appearance and biomechanical properties were evaluated. Results were compared with previous results of young rats with identical mesh implanted for 24 weeks (24‐week group). The 53‐week group differed from the 24‐week group in terms of (1) reduced collagen III, (2) strong reduction in foreign body response, and (3) altered histological appearance. We found comparable biomechanical properties, aside from higher, not significant, mean tissue stiffness in the 53‐week group. Lastly, we identified mesh components 53 weeks after implantation. This study provides new insights into future POP repair in postmenopausal women by showing how CTGF/PF‐coated electrospun PCL meshes with stem cells exhibit sufficient support, biocompatibility, and no mesh‐related complications long term in an abdominal repair model in elderly rats.
HemoScreen hematology analyzer compared to Sysmex XN for complete blood count, white blood cell differential, and detection of leukocyte abnormalities
Authors: Linko‐Parvinen Anna‐Maria , Keränen Kristiina , Kurvinen Kaisa , Tienhaara Anri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe compared a point‐of‐care HemoScreen hematology analyzer to an automated Sysmex XN analyzer for complete blood count (CBC) and white blood cell (WBC) differential, and evaluated its capacity to detect leukocyte abnormalities. A total of 100 K2‐EDTA whole blood samples, median age 56 years (2 months to 92 years), were compared. For CBC and WBC differential we compared 74 samples with no confirmed abnormal leukocytes. For 26 samples both analyzers gave flagging regarding leukocytes and the accuracy of the flagging was compared. Abnormal leukocytes were confirmed with manual microscopy (200 cells). HemoScreen CBC and WBC differential were highly comparable to Sysmex XN for most of the essential parameters (r = 0.909–0.975). More variation was seen for basophil and monocyte counts (r = 0.452 and 0.753, respectively). Sysmex XN gave more false WBC abnormal flagging (n = 15 altogether) compared to HemoScreen. In addition, Sysmex XN, as well as HemoScreen, gave false WBC flagging for eight samples confirmed normal. The samples verified by microscopy review to truly contain leukocyte abnormalities (n = 18) were flagged abnormal with both analyzers. The specificity for analyzer flagging was 72% and 88% for Sysmex XN and HemoScreen, respectively. HemoScreen hematology analyzer is essentially comparable to Sysmex XN for CBC and WBC differential analysis. Most importantly, HemoScreen detected all the samples confirmed to include abnormal leukocytes. HemoScreen was less prone for false WBC flagging compared to Sysmex XN, thereafter requiring less microscopy review. These abilities increase its utility in small health care units. Studies with a larger number of abnormal leukocyte samples are needed to confirm HemoScreen performance.
An Ex Vivo Model of Posterior Tracheomalacia With Evaluation of Potential Treatment Modalities
Authors: Cao Angela , Swami Pooja , Kaye Rachel , Goldstein Todd , Grande Daniel A. , Smith Lee P. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePosterior tracheomalacia (TM) is characterized by excessive intraluminal displacement of the tracheal membranous wall. Recently, novel surgical strategies for repair of posterior TM have been introduced. To our knowledge, these strategies have not been evaluated in a model of posterior TM. Thus, we sought to design an ex vivo mechanical model of posterior TM to evaluate potential repair interventions.MethodsA model for posterior TM was created with partial thickness longitudinal incisions to the posterior aspect of ex vivo porcine trachea. Three groups of tracheas were tested: (1) control (unmanipulated), (2) posterior TM (injury), and (3) intervention (repair). Interventions included external splinting with 0.3 and 0.5 mm bioresorbable plates, posterior tracheopexy, and injection tracheoplasty with calcium hydroxylapatite. An airtight tracheal system was created to measure tracheal wall collapse with changes in negative pressure. A bronchoscope and pressure transducer were connected to either end. Cross‐sectional area of the tracheal lumen was analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).ResultsAverage percent reduction in cross‐sectional area of the tracheal lumen was compared using a two‐tailed paired t‐test. Significant differences were found between control and TM groups (p < 0.019). There was no significant difference between control and external splinting and posterior tracheopexy groups (p > 0.14).ConclusionWe describe an ex vivo model for posterior TM that replicates airway collapse. External splinting and tracheopexy interventions showed recovery of the injured tracheal segment. Injection tracheoplasty did not improve the TM.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:2000–2006, 2023
Overlap of On‐demand Ultra‐large Combinatorial Spaces with On‐the‐shelf Drug‐like Libraries
Authors: Perebyinis Mariana , Rognan Didier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOn‐demand combinatorial spaces are shifting paradigms in early drug discovery, by considerably increasing the searchable chemical space to several billions of compounds while securing their synthetic accessibility. We here systematically compared the on‐the‐shelf available drug‐like chemical space (9 million compounds) to three on‐demand ultra‐large (ODUL) combinatorial fragment spaces (REAL, CHEMriya, GalaXi) covering 32 billion of readily accessible molecules. Surprisingly, only one space (REAL) intersects almost entirely the currently available drug‐like space, suggesting that it is the only ODUL widely suitable for in‐stock hit expansion. Of course, expanding a preliminary ODUL hit in the same chemical space is the best possible strategy to rapidly generate structure‐activity relationships. All three spaces remain well suited to early hit finding initiatives since they all provide numerous unique scaffolds that are not described by on‐the shelf collections.
Gastrointestinal and sensory manifestations, nutrition management, and energy‐protein intake in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Torrinhas Raquel Susana , Ribeiro Paulo César , Syagha Yassmin , Coradelli Anna Carolina Pompermayer , Miguel Bianca Zanchetta Buani , Freire Thaís Nunes , da Silva Marli Alves Ramelho , Ruotolo Fabiana , de Almeida Daniela Hummel , Buzato Janayna Nayara , e Silva Henrique Oliveira , Martinez Ana Cristina , Dias Maria Carolina Gonçalves , Waitzberg Dan Linetzky 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal and sensory manifestations (GSMs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may affect food intake, resulting in malnutrition and poor outcomes. We characterized the impact of GSMs and oral nutrition supplementation on energy‐protein intake (EPI) and hospital discharge in adult patients with COVID‐19.MethodsPatients from two hospitals were enrolled (n = 357). We recorded the presence and type of GSM at admission, estimated energy requirements (EER) and the EPI based on regular food intake (plate diagram sheets) during hospital stays. Patients not achieving 60% of their EER from food over 2 consecutive days received oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) with a high‐energy‐protein oral drink.ResultsMost patients (63.6%) presented with GSMs at admission. Anorexia was the most common manifestation (44%). Patients with anorexia or more than one GSMs were more likely to not achieve 60% EER on the first day of follow‐up and to require the ONS intervention (P ≤ 0.050). Prevalence of at least one GSM was higher in patients who did not achieve hospital discharge than in patients who achieved it (74.2% vs 54.6%, P = 0.038). The patients requiring ONS (26.9%) demonstrated good adherence to the intervention (79.3%), achieved their EER during 95.7% of the supplementation time, and presented with hospital discharge rates similar to patients not requiring ONS (92.2% vs 91.9%, respectively; P = 1.000).ConclusionsGSM were prevalent in COVID‐19 and it impaired EER attendance and patient recovery. ONS was well‐tolerated, aided EER attendance, and potentially facilitated hospital discharge.
Error bounds of fourth‐order compact finite difference methods for the Dirac equation in the massless and nonrelativistic regime
Authors: Feng Yue , Ma Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe establish the error bounds of fourth‐order compact finite difference (4cFD) methods for the Dirac equation in the massless and nonrelativistic regime, which involves a small dimensionless parameter inversely proportional to the speed of light. In this regime, the solution propagates waves with wavelength in time and in space, as well as with the wave speed rapid outgoing waves. We adapt the conservative and semi‐implicit 4cFD methods to discretize the Dirac equation and rigorously carry out their error bounds depending explicitly on the mesh size , time step and the small parameter . Based on the error bounds, the ε‐scalability of the 4cFD methods is and , which not only improves the spatial resolution capacity but also has superior accuracy than classical second‐order finite difference methods. Furthermore, physical observables including the total density and current density have the same conclusions. Numerical results are provided to validate the error bounds and the dynamics of the Dirac equation with different potentials in two dimensions is presented.
Highly flexible, durable, UV resistant, and electrically conductive graphene based TPU/textile composite sensor
Authors: Zhou Yi , Stewart Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in wearable monitoring fields such as human‐computer interaction systems, athletic training, and health systems. Textiles are a desired substrate for fabricating wearable flexible sensors due to their light weight, comfort, and flexibility. However, the compatibility between textiles and conductive materials still faces critical challenges, especially for wearable sensors to achieve high sensitivity and a wide sensing range simultaneously with long‐term monitoring stability, reliability, and wearing comfort. In this study, we propose a graphene‐based TPU/textile composite sensor that can be produced using small‐scale manufacturing techniques, using laser cutting combined with film coating and thermal transfer processes and further explore its mechanical, electrical, and sensing properties. Since the human body exhibits different magnitudes of motion and fabric sensors integrated into clothing would face multiple challenges in real world usage e.g. repetitive wear, sweat and sunlight exposure, we performed sensitivity, reliability and durability tests to further evaluate real world usage of the fabric sensors. The developed composite sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (GF = 498), wide sensing range (0%–293%), excellent reliability and stability which only shows 5% deviation after 10,000 cycles of stretching under 5% strain. In addition, the graphene‐based textile composite sensor thermalised by TPU film can also maintain high stability after long‐term UV irradiation and multiple washing cycles. When integrated into various wearable devices, our composite sensor can detect a wide range of human body motions accurately, as well as subtle physiological signals, exhibiting great potential in incorporating into wearable monitoring devices.
Evaluating awareness, knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals following implementation of a revised pregnancy prevention programme for isotretinoin in Ireland: A multi‐stakeholder cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hughes John E. , Buckley Niamh , Looney Yvonne , Kirwan Gráinne , Mullooly Maeve , Bennett Kathleen E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeIn 2018, following an EU‐wide safety review, a revised pregnancy prevention programme (PPP) was introduced for isotretinoin (Roaccutane®). This study aimed to examine awareness, knowledge, and experience implementing the revised isotretinoin PPP in clinical practice across three healthcare professional (HCP) groups in Ireland.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using anonymous online surveys among general practitioners (GPs), community pharmacists, and specialist consultants was undertaken. Descriptive analyses are presented.ResultsAcross all HCP groups there was high (≥87%) awareness that oral isotretinoin is contraindicated in women of childbearing potential (WCBP) unless the conditions of the PPP are fulfilled, but varying awareness among GPs (54.9%) and community pharmacists (45.9%) that exposure during pregnancy can cause both severe fetal malformations and spontaneous abortions. Implementation of the PPP in clinical practice varied across HCP groups. When initiating isotretinoin in WCBP, 66.7% of specialists and 40.8% of GPs indicated they had considered alternative treatment options, and 71.4% of specialists and 31.6% of GPs reported they first requested a pregnancy test. There was limited provision of the patient reminder card to WCBP, where 26.1% of community pharmacists provide this at each dispensing, while 47.6% of specialists and 11.8% of GPs ensured WCBP had a copy of the card when initiating treatment. Across all HCP groups, there was high (≥81.6%) awareness of the need for urgent consultation and immediate cessation of isotretinoin in the event of an unplanned or suspected pregnancy.ConclusionsReinforcement of the provision and utilisation of the isotretinoin patient reminder card may be required, and further targeted education on specific elements of the PPP should be considered for GPs and community pharmacists.
Reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban with andexanet alfa prior to invasive or surgical procedures
Authors: Bradshaw Paige Garber , Keegan Shaun Patrick , Droege Molly Elizabeth , Dykes Nicole Jade Harger , Ernst Neil Edward , Foertsch Madeline Jane , Makley Amy Teres , Mueller Eric William , Philpott Carolyn Dosen , Srinivasan Vasisht , Winter Jessica Brooke , Goodman Michael D. , Droege Christopher Allen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes following andexanet alfa reversal of factor Xa inhibitors in patients requiring urgent or emergent invasive procedures are lacking. This study aimed to describe efficacy and safety outcomes following andexanet alfa administration within 24 h of an invasive procedure.MethodsThis single‐center, observational, retrospective study included patients who received andexanet alfa within 24 h of an invasive or surgical procedure. The primary outcome was hemostatic efficacy graded as excellent, good, or poor using similar definitions to the ANNEXA‐4 criteria. Secondary outcomes included hospital discharge disposition, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, 30‐day mortality, 30‐day thromboischemic event rates, and serum coagulation assay changes pre‐ and postreversal.ResultsForty‐four patients met inclusion criteria; of these, 27 (62.8%) received apixaban and 16 (37.2%) were treated with rivaroxaban prior to admission. The indications for reversal were categorized as intracranial (n = 20 [45.5%]) or extracranial (n = 24 [54.5%]) sites. Majority of patients required emergent operative procedures (18 [40.9%]), followed by invasive device placement (10 [22.7%]) or arterial embolization (9 [20.5%]). Thirty‐eight (86.4%) patients were able to be adequately graded for hemostatic efficacy. Overall, 30 (78.9%) patients achieved excellent or good hemostasis within 24 h after periprocedural administration of andexanet alfa (19 [82.6%] apixaban vs. 11 [78.6%] rivaroxaban; 12 [80.0%] intracranial events vs. 18 [78.3%] extracranial events). Discharge disposition was most often to a short‐ or long‐term care facilities (27 [61.4%]). Thirty‐day mortality and thromboischemic complications occurred in 15 (34.1%) and 12 (27.3%) patients, respectively. Prothrombin time and antifactor Xa assay results were significantly decreased after andexanet alfa administration (p < 0.05) while thromboelastogram assay values (reaction time, kinetic time, and activated clotting time) showed nonsignificant changes pre‐ versus postreversal.ConclusionAndexanet alfa may be used for urgent or emergent reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban peri‐procedurally with promising hemostatic outcomes. Further prospective, comparative clinical research is warranted.