bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Phanerozoic biodiversity increased in presence of ecosystem engineers
Authors: Cribb Alison , Darroch Simon , Gearty William 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Phanerozoic marine biodiversity dynamics have been shaped by continuous environmental change and biotic interactions. Although ecosystem engineers – animals whose behaviours modify resource availability – have established impacts on modern community ecology and diversity, their impacts on ancient ecosystems over geologic time have remained quantitatively underexplored. Here, we investigate the impacts of reef-building and bioturbating marine ecosystem engineers on biodiversity at each stage of the Phanerozoic, including their ability to maintain biodiversity over mass extinctions, and identify extrinsic conditions that modulate their impacts. We analysed fossil communities with and without ecosystem engineers to calculate effect sizes, thereby quantifying effects of the presence of ecosystem engineers on Shannon’s Diversity (H) at each stage in the Phanerozoic. We show that ecosystem engineers are significantly associated with increased biodiversity during the majority of the Phanerozoic. We also show that, over the last ~250 million years, the effectiveness of modern-type reef-builders is more sensitive to climate-driven stress than for modern-style bioturbators. Finally, our results reveal that climate can modulate ecosystem engineer impacts, with both bioturbators and reef-builders exhibiting strongest effect sizes within an optimal moderate temperature range. These results underscore ecosystem engineers’ crucial role in contributing to fluctuating biodiversity dynamics over the Phanerozoic.
Correcting Loop Detector Positional Bias When Estimating Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams
Authors: Maiti Nandan , Leclercq Ludovic 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study explores the use of machine learning models (ML) to transform localized loop detector (LD) speeds into spatial link speeds for accurate estimation of network macroscopic fundamental diagrams ( NMFDs). We compare the performance of Ordinary Least Squares Regression (OLSR), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost models, using a comprehensive dataset to evaluate their effectiveness in aligning LD speeds with floating car device (FCD) as ground truth average speed. The RF model showed the highest accuracy, with a 37.44% improvement over original LDD speeds and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 9.54 km/hr. Additionally, we investigated the impact of LD positions and demand by separating loading and unloading periods. The RF model's adjustments were especially effective under these conditions, resulting in an improved accuracy of 44.9%. Our analysis of NMFDs further validated the RF model's robustness and accurate estimation of NMFDs using corrected LDD.
ChatGPT-4 Prompt: A Tool to Enhance Novice Radiologists' Diagnostic Capabilities in Cystic Renal Masses to Expert-Level Accuracy
Authors: Jin Dong-dong , Zhang Nan , Wang Yan , Lin Ke , Qiao Bin , Yang Yue , Lin Jin-hua , Xie Ding-xiang , Xie Xiao-yan , Xie Xiao-hua , Zhuang Bo-wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The impact of prompt engineering in LLMs on text-based questions has shown variability, whereas its influence on image-based diagnostic tasks remains largely unexplored.
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of various prompts in GPT-4 for the assessment of renal cystic masses (CRMs) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)Bosniak classification. And then test the ability of ChatGPT-4 prompts to assist radiologists with different experience.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 103 images of CRMs from patients who underwent CEUS and CT. GPT-4 (OpenAI) and six radiologists (three experts and three novices) were independently tasked with assigning the Bosniak classification (BC) based solely on the original CEUS images. Subsequently,radiologists reassessed these images after knowing the BCs generated by GPT-4's prompt and determined whether to modify their initial assessments. The diagnostic performance of radiologists and GPT-4 prompts was assessed and quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Result
The AUC achieved by GPT-4 prompts ranged from 0.549 to 0.778, while radiologists' AUCs ranged from 0.820 to 0.901. Among all prompting strategies, ROT prompting achieved the highest AUC, demonstrating performance comparable to that of novices (0.778 vs. 0.820, P = 0.39). Although the AUC was lower than that of experts (0.778 vs. 0.901, P = 0.01), ROT prompting improved the AUCs of novices: from 0.714 to 0.834 for novice 1, from 0.685 to 0.782 for novice 2, and from 0.704 to 0.783 for novice 3, with all three novices approaching expert-level performance.
Conclusion
GPT-4 with different prompts showed variable performance in interpreting images. ROT prompting as the best-performing style achieved diagnostic accuracy comparable to novices, and it could aidnovices in improving their diagnostic performance to expert level.
Missed Golden hours of stroke
Authors: Sintayehu Robel , Tinsae Tsion , kefyalew Merahi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Seeking medical attention promptly after an acute stroke is essential for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. However, delayed medical intervention after acute stroke contributes to increased mortality and morbidity. This study explored factors that contribute to delayed appearance of stroke patients at the emergency department.
Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for 9 months at referral hospital in Addis Ababa. Data was collected using questionnaires administered to stroke patients or their caregivers upon their arrival at the emergency department. Electronic medical records were further reviewed and the treating physicians described the subsequent management of the patient after their arrival at the emergency department. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytic parameters.
Results
Only 33.3% (n = 30) arrived at the Emergency department within 4.5hr. Hemorrhagic stroke was a statistically significant predictor of Early presentation to the Emergency Department (OR = 3.182;95% CI (1.258–8.046);p = 0.036 ). The absence of any substance was another marginally significant predictor for Early appearance (OR = 2.555;95% (0.936–6.970);p = 0.067). One of the marginally significant predictors for late presentation was low drug adherence (OR = 0.224; 95% CI(0.48–1.044);p = 0.057). The other factors attributed to the time of arrival, though not statistically significant were level of Education, Perception of stroke as a serious Illness and Prior number of health visits before arrival to the Emergency department.
Conclusion
The study found that many of the factors that cause delays in getting to the hospital can be changed, except for the type of stroke. Time spent in the hospital could also be positively impacted by the intervention from the appropriate authorities.
Prioritising natural heritage: Evaluating distribution, threats, and conservation needs of species recovery targets in Vietnam
Authors: Gray Russell J. , Gazagne Eva , Tilker Andrew , Pham Thong Van , Quang Bao Tran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Our study addresses the urgent need to identify and prioritise threatened species in Vietnam for conservation and recovery. With a focus on Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered species with high levels of endemicity (> 50% of their global range occurs in Vietnam), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of key species for conservation prioritisation, IUCN Green Status Assessment, and recovery strategies within the Vietnamese landscape. By integrating data on provincial hotspots and protected areas as key conservation sites, we established a robust framework to assess key species richness, threats, and conservation needs. We identified 203 key species across 12 taxonomic classes, establishing a viable list of wildlife recovery priorities. Habitat loss and exploitation were identified as primary threats to key species; alarmingly, only 38% of these key species had > 50% of their range within protected areas, emphasizing urgent conservation needs that extend beyond current protected area boundaries. Our findings hold significance for guiding conservation strategies, resource allocation, and policy decisions in relation to Vietnam's National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and inform measurable species prioritisation goals under Target 4 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). By pinpointing species and regions that require immediate attention, our study provides essential guidance for policymakers, conservationists, and resource managers/donors. Acting on these insights will enhance the effectiveness of conservation efforts and ensure the long-term sustainability of wildlife as a vital natural heritage.
The effect of depression and proteinuria on the all‑cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: ZHANG QUAN 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The influence of both proteinuria and depression on mortality in the population is unclear.
Methods
This study included participants who had a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 from NHANES 2007 to 2018. The follow-up period spanned from the date of initial diagnosis until death or December 31, 2019, when the study period concluded. Proteinuria was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥ 30 mg/g, while depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score of ≥ 10. Four groups were classified based on the presence of proteinuria and depression.
Results
A total of 25109 individuals aged ≥ 20 years were included in the study. A total of 2211 deaths, including 554 due to cardiovascular disease, were recorded during a median follow-up of 7.08 years (range: 4.00-10.08). Participants with both depression and proteinuria had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD death (HR: 2.589, 95% CI: 1.922–3.488, P < 0.001; HR: 2.174, 95% CI: 1.312-3.600, P = 0.003) compared to those without either condition, even after adjusting for all covariates.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that individuals with both depression and proteinuria have a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death.
An Azomethine Derivative, 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-phenylmethanimine (BCS2) Ameliorated 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced Mammary Carcinoma through Nrf2-Keap1-HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Acharya Reetuparna , Deb Pran Kishore , Pattanayak Shakti Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Aims:
The aim of this study is the evaluation of an Azomethine derivative, BCS2, for
its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities against mammary carcinoma through the Nrf2-
Keap1-HO-1 pathway.

Background:
The global prevalence of breast cancer is rising at an alarming rate. The facilitation
of abnormal cell proliferation in mammary carcinoma occurs due to the disruption of signaling
pathways that balance pro- and antioxidant status, thereby producing oxidative stress that
disrupts genomic stability. Therefore, introducing a potent antioxidant molecule with antitumor
activity is of paramount importance for treating breast cancer.

Objective:
Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico evaluation of an
Azomethine derivative, BCS2, for its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities against chemical carcinogen-
induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods:
An azomethine derivative, 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-phenylmethanimine (BCS2), was synthesized
and characterized based on its spectral data. The cytotoxic potential was observed on
breast cancer cells, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. The in vivo chemotherapeutic
potential of BCS2 was established on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast
cancer in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The effect of BCS2 on kelch-like ECH-associated protein-
1 (Keap1), Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),
and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated-B (NF-κB) was evaluated through
ELISA and qPCR techniques. Furthermore, the binding potential and stability of BCS2 with
Keap-1, HO-1, and MAPK were predicted using in silico molecular docking and dynamics
studies. Additionally, drug-likeness properties of BCS2 were evaluated using in silico ADMET
tools.

Results:
BCS2 showed remarkable cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells followed by MDA-MB-
231 and MDA-MB-468 cells having an IC50 of 2.368μM, 4.843μM and 6.472μM respectively,
without affecting normal breast cells, MCF-10A. In the DMBA-induced animal model, BCS2
showed potent antitumor potential and showed protective action on endogenous-enzymatic
and non-enzymatic antioxidants in cancer-bearing animals. Marked improvement in cellular architecture
and ultrastructure of breast/tumor tissues excised from experimental animals was noted
through histopathological and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses.
Significant upregulation of antioxidant proteins, Keap1 and HO-1, and downregulation of inflammatory
proteins, MAPK, and NF-κB was observed after BCS2 treatment. The in silico computational
studies predicted the potent binding of BCS2 with the active pockets of Keap1,
HO-1, and MAPK proteins that validated the biological findings.

Conclusion:
The study revealed BCS2's potent antioxidant and antitumor potential against mammary
carcinoma through the Nrf2-Keap1-HO-1 signaling pathway.
Decoding Epilepsy: Prickle2 and Multifaceted Molecular Pathway Connections
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Peng Fan , Shu Jie , Li Xiaolan , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The Prickle2 (Pk2) gene shows promising potential in uncovering the underlying
causes of epilepsy, a neurological disorder that is currently not well understood. This paper utilizes the online
tool PubMed to gather and condense information on the involvement of PCP channels and the associated roles
of PCP pathway molecules in the onset of epilepsy. These findings are significant for advancing epilepsy
treatment. Additionally, the paper discusses future directions for clinical trials and outlines potential therapeutic
targets.

Methods:
This review systematically analyzes the biological functions and mechanisms of the Prickle2 gene
in epilepsy. Studies were retrieved from PubMed using keywords such as "Prickle2", "epilepsy", and "PCP
pathway", focusing on research published between 2000 and 2023 in English. Inclusion criteria included original
studies and reviews on Prickle2's role in epilepsy. Studies unrelated to these topics or lacking sufficient
data were excluded. Key data on Prickle2's functions and its link to epilepsy were extracted, and findings were
summarized after a quality assessment of the literature.

Results:
Although there are currently conflicting results regarding the possibility that Prickle2 may cause epilepsy
in different organisms, we believe that as more cases involving Prickle2 mutations are reported and
more related animal experiments are conducted, the findings will become clearer.

Conclusion:
Due to the biological functions and mechanisms associated with the Prickle2 protein, it may
serve as a useful biomarker or potential therapeutic target for epilepsy treatment.
Fenofibrate Inhibits LPS and Zymosan-induced Inflammatory Responses through Sonic Hedgehog in IMG Cells
Authors: Wang Yu-Wen , Huang Bor-Ren , Lu Dah-Yuu , Chen Jin-Wun , Charoensaensuk Vichuda , Yang Liang-Yo , Lai Sheng-Wei , Tsai Cheng-Fang , Yeh Wei-Lan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Neuroinflammatory responses are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of progressive neurodegenerative conditions and mood disorders.
Modulating microglial activation is a potential strategy for developing protective treatments for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases.
Fibrates, widely used in clinical practice as cholesterol-lowering medications, exhibit numerous biological activities, such as anticancer and antiinflammatory
activities. However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on the CNS remain unclear.

Objective:
This study investigated the mechanisms through which fibrates influence inflammatory and anti-inflammatory homeostasis in microglial cells.

Methods:
Cell viability assay, nitric oxide measurement, Western blot analysis,, real-time PCR, and cell transfection were used in this study.

Results:
Fenofibrate, a well-known fibrate, reduced the production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase
and cyclooxygenase-2 in microglial cells. It also inhibited the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including tumor
necrosis factor-ɑ and interleukin-1β, and chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10. Notably, treatment of
fenofibrate dramatically activated the sonic hedgehog (SHH) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Furthermore, the inhibition of SHH or SIRT1 mitigated the
anti-inflammatory effects of fenofibrate in IMG microglial cells.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that fenofibrate may inhibit inflammatory responses by activating SIRT1 and SHH in IMG microglial cells. Our study
suggests that fenofibrate or targeting SHH molecule is a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-associated conditions. Further
research with additional cell lines and in vivo models is needed to understand its therapeutic potential.
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Cascade Stages Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Sexually Transmitted Infections in China: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Yang Xue , Kang Wenting , Zhang Zhuoer , Tang Houlin , Zhang Dapeng , Sun Lijun , Li Zaicun , Liu An 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
There is limited literature available regarding the knowledge and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Objective
This study’s objective was to explore the HIV PrEP cascade stages (knowledge, willingness to use, and use) among MSM with STIs in China, in order to promote the implementation of PrEP in this population.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a respondent-driven sampling method in 19 cities in China, from January to August 2022. The study collected data on demographics, behaviors, and PrEP cascade stages from participants who were not infected with HIV and who self-reported being recently infected with STIs. After using chi-square tests or Fisher exact tests to analyze differences in the knowledge of PrEP, willingness to use PrEP, and PrEP use across different variables, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influences of the different variables on PrEP cascade stages.

Results
By August 2022, following screening and exclusion, a total of 1329 MSM were included in the study. Among them, 85.55% (n=1137) had heard of PrEP, 81.57% (n=1084) expressed their willingness to use PrEP if engaging in high-risk HIV behaviors, 70.58% (n=938) had consulted a health care professional about PrEP, 62.98% (n=837) reported having used PrEP, and 46.35% (n=616) possessed a basic understanding of PrEP. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the same factors significantly influenced both knowledge of PrEP and willingness to take PrEP, including age, education, marital status, income, condom usage, participation in group sex, HIV status of the most recent male sexual partner, and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) usage. The factors significantly related to the PrEP use included income, engagement in commercial sex, participation in group sex, HIV status of the most recent male sexual partner, new drug usage, and PEP usage.

Conclusions
MSM with STIs were engaged with the PrEP cascade stages at a relatively high rate, but they lacked an understanding of PrEP and underestimated HIV risk. The prevalence of having a basic understanding of PrEP was lower than PrEP usage, and this suboptimal awareness could impede PrEP efficacy and lead to risk compensation.
Sulphurization of Kapok (Ceiba Pentandra ) Seed Oil via H2S Bubbling Under UV Radiation and The Product’s Performance as Extreme Pressure Additives for Lubricant
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno , Cleo  , Devan  
Published: January 2025

In this research, extreme pressure additive (EP additive) for lubricants was manufactured from Ceiba pentandra seed oil (kapok oil) via sulfurization reaction at a low temperature (50°C) by using a photochemical reactor under UV-radiation (254 nm). The sulfurization process was conducted by recirculating bubbling H2S gas through kapok oil filled in a glass chamber. The sulfurization reaction has been proven successful, as shown from the FTIR spectrum of the sulfurized kapok oil, where carbon-sulfur bond (C-S) vibration appears at a peak of 581 cm-1. It was also found that within 20 hours, the recirculated-bubbling sulfurization produced sulfurized kapok oil with a sulfur content of 32,682 ppm, viscosity of 72.17 cSt, and density of 0.92 g/cm3. The product was then used as an EP additive by mixing it with mineral oil and testing it using a 4-ball wear tester. The mineral oil containing sulfurized kapok oil 10% v/v or equal to sulfur content 3,268 ppm reduced wear amount by 98%. Results of corrosion tests via copper strip corrosion ASTM D130 showed that the copper strip’s color only had level 1a, meaning that mineral oil containing 10% Kapok oil as EP additives is not corrosive.
IncluTic: Retos y Barreras Socioeconómicas de la Inclusión Digital en Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual y Múltiple en el Instituto La Esperanza, Modalidad Internado.
Authors: Solano-Becerra Eduardo , Chacón Gloria Nury , Mendoza-Mora Edgar D. 
Published: January 2025

Este estudio examina los desafíos que deben enfrentar las personas con discapacidad en el mundo TIC. El objetivo principal de este artículo es Identificar los retos y barreras Socioeconómicas de la inclusión digital en personas con discapacidad Intelectual y Múltiple en el Instituto La Esperanza, Modalidad Internado. Se empleó la investigación cualitativa mediante el uso de la observación participante a 10 beneficiarios con diversidad funcional y entrevistas no estructuradas a 5 funcionarios del Instituto. Se presenta un análisis mediante una matriz de categorización, fundamentada en el modelo Social de la Discapacidad de Oliver, (1998) y el modelo de la Triple Hélice de Etzkowitz y Leydesdorff, (1997). Las categorías analizadas fueron: Era de la información: la exclusión digital en un mundo diverso, Brecha digital: causas y soluciones para un futuro inclusivo, Alfabetización digital: exclusión socioeconómica. En las conclusiones se destaca el proceso relacional que tiene la sociedad, el Estado y las organizaciones sociales para promover entornos inclusivos digitales que se adapten a las necesidades de las personas con diversidad funcional. Por otro lado, el valor significativo que tiene la academia en realizar estos espacios que confluyen en la creación de conocimiento hacia una sociedad de información inclusiva.