bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dimension Variables on the Behaviour of Slopes Stabilised by an Integrated Method Combining Gabion-Faced Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall with Embedded Piles
Authors: Wang Yujia , Nazem Majidreza , Smith John V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere slope instability exists in the area of South Gippsland in Victoria state located in south-east Australia. An integrated slope-stabilisation method, which includes a pile-retaining structure installed at toe of the gabion-faced geogrid-reinforced retaining wall, has widely been used in this district. A continuous steel rail wall embedded in the concrete pile then provides lateral support to the retaining wall. The effectiveness of the integrated method is first illustrated by comparing the slope stability evaluated by strength reduction method and behaviours of the slope obtained by elastoplastic analysis. A series of parametric studies are then performed to investigate effects of facing inclinations, embedded geogrid length, and vertical spacing of geogrid layers on the stability and behaviour of the slope and the behaviour of the pile under various uniform surcharge load conditions. The numerical results indicate that additional contribution from piles can increase the stability of the slope up to $$42.9\%$$

42.9
%

. The dimensional variables of gabion-faced geogrid-reinforced retaining wall also impose significant impact on the behaviour of slopes and piles, and the effect of each variable has also been quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively described. The effect of the geogrid amount on behaviours of slopes and piles has also been investigated through the comparison between two slope configurations with maximum and minimum geogrid amount. The results from the parametric studies can then be used as a design reference for the future applications of this integrated slope-stabilisation method.
Conceptualization of NEXUS elements in the marine environment (Marine NEXUS)
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria P. , Vlachou Aristea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe conflict activities observed in the marine environment, such as renewable energy production, aquaculture and tourism, highlight the need for more coherent management at the cross-sectoral level so that human activities in the ocean can be carried out in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. Along these lines, this paper focuses on identifying the interlinkages between the main natural resources in the marine environment, namely water, energy, marine land use, food and climate, by considering them to be nexus elements (Marine NEXUS). In addition, it tries to determine the interactions among them in order to identify the pressures on marine natural resources and their potential for use in the development of coastal communities. An analysis of the estimated interlinkages and complex pathways is performed, based on their impacts on every aspect of the marine environment in Greece. One of the main conclusions drawn from this analysis is that seawater has a very strong impact on food (i.e. the fisheries and aquaculture, in comparison with energy production in the sea). The choice of activities that may be implemented in the oceans (land use element) has a great impact on the food (e.g. fish quantities) and water (e.g. marine pollution) elements of the Marine NEXUS. The influences and the dependences of these five elements are quantified in order to show that the efficient management of natural resources requires a holistic approach that considers the cumulative impacts of the complex interactions among them.
Correction of Interferometric High-Order Nonlinearity Error in Metrological Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Dai Gaoliang , Hu Xiukun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetrological atomic force microscopes (Met. AFMs) with built-in interferometers are one of the main workhorses for versatile dimensional nanometrology. The interferometric nonlinearity error, particularly the high-order (i.e., 3rd- and 4th-order) nonlinearity errors, is a dominant error source for further improving their metrology performance, which cannot be corrected using the conventional Heydemann correction method. To solve this problem, two new methods were developed. One uses a capacitive sensor embedded in the Met. AFM, and the other applies an external physical artifact with a flat surface. Both methods can be applied very conveniently and can effectively reduce the nonlinearity error. In this paper, the propagation of the (residual) nonlinearity error in step height calibrations is examined. Finally, the performance of the improved tool is verified in the calibration of a highly demanding industrial sample. For the measurements performed at 25 different positions and repeated six times, the standard deviation of the total 150 measured values is 0.08 nm, which includes the contributions from the reproducibility of the metrology tool and sample inhomogeneity. This research has significantly improved our dimensional nanometrology service. For instance, the extended measurement uncertainty (k = 2) is reduced from 1.0 to 0.3 nm for the step height or etching depth calibrations.
Universale Normen fallen nicht vom Himmel
Authors: Glasman Joël 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der humanitären Hilfe fungiert das „Lokale“ zunehmend als asymmetrischer Gegenbegriff des „Universalen“: Es bezeichnet den Einzelfall, das Althergebrachte, alles, was nicht als wirklich international und allgemein anwendbar gilt Doch auch universale Werte entstehen in zeitlich und lokal spezifischen Kontexten. Die Geschichte internationaler Institutionen macht deutlich, dass hinter Normen identifizierbare Orte und Personen stehen, die nicht zuletzt ihre eigenen Interessen verfolgen. Der Universalisierung einer Norm gehen stets Machtkämpfe voraus. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand von drei Beispielen – Flüchtlingskonvention, Menschenrechten, Grundsatz der Unparteilichkeit – wie Machtkämpfe in der internationalen Hilfe ausgetragen werden. Wer universelle Normen verteidigen will, ist gut beraten, sich über deren Geschichtlichkeit bewusst zu sein.
Electromagnetic Interference from Heated Gloves May Compromise Avalanche Transceiver Function
Authors: Troeger Willi , Isser Markus , Lengerer Thomas , Wiedermann Franz J. , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Rapid location of avalanche victims by companions using avalanche transceivers is of utmost importance to prevent asphyxiation. The objective was to determine whether electromagnetic interference from heating elements in gloves worn by rescuers or victims can impair the receiving or transmitting function of avalanche beacons. Methods Commercially available heated gloves from 3 different manufacturers were examined during a simulated search with 3 common brands of avalanche transceivers. Distance to target beacon at first signal detection and accuracy of direction to target, as indicated by the arrow from the direction indicator, were evaluated. Results Preliminary tests showed that transmitting and receiving signals are degraded by electromagnetic interference caused by rectangular pulses emitted by activated heating elements. Field tests revealed significantly reduced distances of first signal detection when heated gloves were turned on near receiving avalanche transceivers ( P<0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Decreased distance to target beacon ranged between 1.9 m (5%) and 41.5 m (94%) at first detection, depending on the avalanche transceiver used. Conclusions Avalanche transceivers are susceptible to electromagnetic interference from gloves with electric heating elements. We do not recommend using heated gloves when performing a transceiver search for avalanche victims because it can lead to a delay in rescue.
Facilitating future implementation and translation to clinical practice: The Implementation Planning Assessment Tool for clinical trials
Authors: Kowalski Christine P. , Kawentel Linda M. , Kyriakides Tassos C. , Davis Lori , Bowersox Nicholas W. , Kilbourne Amy M. , Huang Grant D. , Nevedal Andrea L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Implementation assessment plans are crucial for clinical trials to achieve their full potential. Without a proactive plan to implement trial results, it can take decades for one-fifth of effective interventions to be adopted into routine care settings. The Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development is undergoing a systematic transformation to embed implementation planning in research protocols through the Cooperative Studies Program, its flagship clinical research program. This manuscript has two objectives: 1) to introduce an Implementation Planning Assessment (IPA) Tool that any clinical trialist may use to facilitate post-trial implementation of interventions found to be effective and 2) to provide a case study demonstrating the IPA Tool’s use. The IPA Tool encourages study designers to initially consider rigorous data collection to maximize acceptability of the intervention by end-users. It also helps identify and prepare potential interested parties at local and national leadership levels to ensure, upon trial completion, interventions can be integrated into programs, technologies, and policies in a sustainable way. The IPA Tool can alleviate some of the overwhelming nature of implementation science by providing a practical guide based on implementation science principles for researchers desiring to scale up and spread effective, clinical trial-tested interventions to benefit patients.
A community-partnered approach for diversity in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials
Authors: Castellon-Lopez Yelba , Landovitz Raphael , Ntekume Ejiro , Porter Courtney , Bross Rachelle , Hilder Robin , Lucas-Wright Aziza , Daar Eric S. , Chavez Pedro , Blades Christopher , Carson Savanna , Morris D’Ann , Vassar Stefanie , Casillas Alejandra , Brown Arleen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Communities of color have faced disproportionate morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, coupled with historical underrepresentation in US clinical trials, creating challenges for equitable participation in developing and testing a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods:
To increase diversity, including racial and ethnic representation, in local Los Angeles County NIH-sponsored Phase 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials, we used deliberative community engagement approaches to form a Community Consultant Panel (CCP) that partnered with trial research teams. Thirteen members were recruited, including expertise from essential workers, community-based and faith-based organizations, or leaders from racial and ethnic minority communities.

Results:
Working closely with local investigators for the vaccine studies, the CCP provided critical insight on best practices for community trust building, clinical trial participation, and reliable information dissemination regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Modifying recruitment, outreach, and trial protocols led to majority–minority participants (55%–78%) in each of the three vaccine clinical trials. CCP’s input led to cultural tailoring of recruitment materials, changes in recruitment messaging, and supportive services to improve trial accessibility and acceptability (transportation, protocols for cultural competency, and support linkages to care in case of an adverse event). Barriers to clinical trial participation unable to be resolved included childcare, requests for after-hours appointment availability, and mobile locations for trial visits.

Conclusion:
Using deliberative community engagement can provide critical and timely insight into the community-centered barriers to COVID-19 vaccine trial participation, including addressing social determinants of health, trust, clinical trial literacy, structural barriers, and identifying trusted messenger and reliable sources of information.
The evolution of shame and its display
Authors: Landers Mitchell , Sznycer Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shame system appears to be natural selection's solution to the adaptive problem of information-triggered reputational damage. Over evolutionary time, this problem would have led to a coordinated set of adaptations – the shame system – designed to minimise the spread of negative information about the self and the likelihood and costs of being socially devalued by others. Thisinformation threat theory of shamecan account for much of what we know about shame and generate precise predictions. Here, we analyse the behavioural configuration that people adopt stereotypically when ashamed – slumped posture, downward head tilt, gaze avoidance, inhibition of speech – in light of shame's hypothesised function. This behavioural configuration may have differentially favoured its own replication by (a) hampering the transfer of information (e.g. diminishing audiences’ tendency to attend to or encode identifying information – shamecamouflage) and/or (b) evoking less severe devaluative responses from audiences (shamedisplay). The shame display hypothesis has received considerable attention and empirical support, whereas the shame camouflage hypothesis has to our knowledge not been advanced or tested. We elaborate on this hypothesis and suggest directions for future research on the shame pose.
Management of narcolepsy at school: Implications for school psychologists
Authors: Burns John R. , Blundell Kate A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNarcolepsy is not a common disorder, with best estimates finding it affects only about .025–.05% of the population. Nonetheless, it is a vital disorder for school psychologists to be familiar with on the basis that its symptoms frequently first occur during childhood and adolescence. If undiagnosed, this disorder causes significant distress and disadvantage to the student as well as frustration and difficulty for school staff. It is surprising that narcolepsy has received almost no attention in the school psychology literature. This article provides school psychologists with an overview of the central features, causes, diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy in young people. It then outlines school management of the disorder, with specific consideration of the role of the school psychologist.
India and China: Distinct Paths to Global Businesses
Authors: Meyer Klaus E. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe ‘rivalry’ between India and China on the global stage is much ado about nothing. India and China both have huge potential to play a bigger role in global business than they do today. Both countries have experienced major growth domestically, which is not yet matched by their role in global business. MNEs from the two countries have been internationalizing along very different pathways, with few overlaps. Their ability to realize their potential depends on policies and institutions as well as entrepreneurial business leadership in their own country. Their future internationalization depends only to a small degree on the other of the two countries
Graph deep learning locates magnesium ions in RNA
Authors: Zhou Yuanzhe , Chen Shi-Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnesium ions (Mg2+) are vital for RNA structure and cellular functions. Present efforts in RNA structure determination and understanding of RNA functions are hampered by the inability to accurately locate Mg2+ions in an RNA. Here we present a machine-learning method, originally developed for computer visual recognition, to predict Mg2+binding sites in RNA molecules. By incorporating geometrical and electrostatic features of RNA, we capture the key ingredients of Mg2+-RNA interactions, and from deep learning, predict the Mg2+density distribution. Five-fold cross-validation on a dataset of 177 selected Mg2+-containing structures and comparisons with different methods validate the approach. This new approach predicts Mg2+binding sites with notably higher accuracy and efficiency. More importantly, saliency analysis for eight different Mg2+binding motifs indicates that the model can reveal critical coordinating atoms for Mg2+ions and ion-RNA inner/outer-sphere coordination. Furthermore, implementation of the model uncovers new Mg2+binding motifs. This new approach may be combined with X-ray crystallography structure determination to pinpoint the metal ion binding sites.
Large-scale genetic investigation of nematode diversity and their phylogenetic patterns in New Zealand's marine animals
Authors: Bennett Jerusha , Poulin Robert , Presswell Bronwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNematodes constitute one of the most speciose metazoan groups on earth, and a significant proportion of them have parasitic life styles. Zooparasitic nematodes have zoonotic, commercial and ecological significance within natural systems. Due to their generally small size and hidden nature within their hosts, and the fact that species discrimination using traditional morphological characteristics is often challenging, their biodiversity is not well known, especially within marine ecosystems. For instance, the majority of New Zealand's marine animals have never been the subject of nematode studies, and many currently known nematodes in New Zealand await confirmation of their species identity with modern taxonomic techniques. In this study, we present the results of an extensive biodiversity survey and phylogenetic analyses of parasitic nematodes infecting New Zealand's marine animals. We used genetic data to differentiate nematodes to the lowest taxonomic level possible and present phylogenies of the dominant clades to illustrate their genetic diversity in New Zealand. Our findings reveal a high diversity of parasitic nematodes (23 taxa) infecting New Zealand's marine animals (62 of 94 free-living animal species investigated). The novel data collected here provide a solid baseline for future assessments of change in diversity and distribution of parasitic nematodes.
A novel inverse kinematics for solving repetitive motion planning of 7-DOF SRS manipulator
Authors: Zhao Jingdong , Xu Zichun , Zhao Liangliang , Li Yuntao , Ma Liyan , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe repetitive motion planning movements of the redundant manipulator will cause oscillations and unintended swings of joints, which increase the risk of collisions between the manipulator and its surroundings. Motivated by this phenomenon, this paper presents an inverse kinematics algorithm for the spherical-revolute-spherical manipulator to solve the paradox raised by joint-drift and control the pose with no swing of the elbow. This algorithm takes the joint Cartesian positions set as the intermediary and divides the inverse solution process into two mapping processes within joint limits. Simulations are executed to evaluate this algorithm, and the results show this algorithm is applicable to repetitive motion planning and is capable of producing superior configurations based on its real-time ability and stable solve rate. Experiments using the 7-degree-of-freedom spherical-revolute-spherical manipulator demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm to remedy the joint-drift and elbow swing compared to Kinematics and Dynamics Library and TRAC-IK.
The role of parental genotype in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior: Evidence for genetic nurturance
Authors: Kuo Sally I-Chun , Poore Holly E. , Barr Peter B. , Chirico Isabella S. , Aliev Fazil , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Chan Grace , Kamarajan Chella , Kramer John R. , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Plawecki Martin H. , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine possible pathways by which genetic risk associated with externalizing is transmitted in families. We used molecular data to disentangle the genetic and environmental pathways contributing to adolescent externalizing behavior in a sample of 1,111 adolescents (50% female; 719 European and 392 African ancestry) and their parents from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. We found evidence for genetic nurture such that parental externalizing polygenic scores were associated with adolescent externalizing behavior, over and above the effect of adolescents’ own externalizing polygenic scores. Mediation analysis indicated that parental externalizing psychopathology partly explained the effect of parental genotype on children’s externalizing behavior. We also found evidence for evocative gene-environment correlation, whereby adolescent externalizing polygenic scores were associated with lower parent–child communication, less parent–child closeness, and lower parental knowledge, controlling for parental genotype. These effects were observed among participants of European ancestry but not African ancestry, likely due to the limited predictive power of polygenic scores across ancestral background. These results demonstrate that in addition to genetic transmission, genes influence offspring behavior through the influence of parental genotypes on their children’s environmental experiences, and the role of children’s genotypes in shaping parent–child relationships.
Flash Drought: Review of Concept, Prediction and the Potential for Machine Learning, Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Tyagi Shoobhangi , Zhang Xiang , Saraswat Dharmendra , Sahany Sandeep , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Niyogi Dev 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the Flash Drought concept, the uncertainties associated with FD prediction, and the potential of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) for future applications. For this, 121 relevant articles covering different aspects of FD ‐ definitions, key indicators, distinguishing characteristics, and the current methods for FD assessment (i.e., ‐ monitoring, prediction, and impact assessment) are examined. FD is typically a short‐term drought event ‐ characterized by the rapid progression of heat waves and precipitation deficits, causing cascading impacts on the land and surface hydrology. FD prediction is constrained by the lack of consistent FD definitions, key indicators, the limited predictability of FD at the subseasonal‐ to‐seasonal (S2S) timescale, and uncertainties associated with the current prediction methods. Some of the uncertainties in the current methods are associated with a lack of our understanding of the physical processes. They are also related to the error in the input datasets (imperfect representation of indicators), parameter uncertainty (parameterization scheme adopted by the prediction model), multicollinearity, nonlinear, and non‐stationary interactions among different indicators. Combining traditional methods and multisource fusion data with ML and DL methods shows promise to better understand FD evolution and improves prediction.
Geothermal Heat Flow and Thermal Structure of the Antarctic Lithosphere
Authors: Haeger C. , Petrunin A. G. , Kaban M. K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐quality maps of Geothermal heat flow (GHF) are crucial when modeling ice dynamics, shape, and mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is one of the largest potential contributors to sea level rise. The determination of GHF remains challenging, as in situ data are sparse and geophysical models exhibit large discrepancies in amplitude and resolution, especially on regional scales. Using a novel approach implementing a joint inversion of gravity and seismic tomography data with various geophysical and mineral physics information, we estimate the 3D thermal lithospheric structure and present a new GHF map. The resulting surface heat flow correlates with the location of subglacial volcanism and can represent a boundary condition for accurate ice dynamics models that can explain observed acceleration in the ongoing ice mass loss. Absolute values are within the range of other seismology‐based methods and are much lower than those obtained using for example, magnetic data. High uncertainties remain in the parametrization of the upper crustal structure and thermal parameters.