bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Validity of Lower Limb Muscle Strength by Handheld Dynamometry in Children 7 to 11 Years Old
Authors: Mahaffey Ryan , Le Warne Megan , Morrison Stewart C. , Drechsler Wendy I. , Theis Nicola 
Published: August 2022

Context: The assessment of pediatric muscle strength is necessary in a range of applications, including rehabilitation programs. Handheld dynamometry (HHD) is considered easy to use, portable, and low cost, but validity to measure lower limb muscle strength in children has not been assessed. Objective: To determine the concurrent validity of lower limb torque from HHD compared with isokinetic dynamometry (ID) in children aged from 7 to 11 years old. Design: A descriptive assessment of concurrent validity of lower limb joint torques from HHD compared with ID. Methods: Sixty-one typically developing children underwent assessment of maximal hip, knee, and ankle isometric torque by HHD and ID using standardized protocols. Joint positions were selected to represent maximal strength and were replicated between devices. Concurrent validity was determined by Pearson correlation, limits of agreement, and Bland–Altman plots. Results: Correlations between HHD and ID were moderate to large for knee extension (r 95% CI, .39 to .73), small to large for plantar flexion (r 95% CI, .29 to .67), knee flexion (r 95% CI, .16 to .59), hip flexion (r 95% CI, .21 to .57), hip extension (r 95% CI, .18 to .54), and hip adduction (r 95% CI, .12 to .56), and small to moderate for dorsiflexion (r 95% CI, −.11 to .39) and hip abduction (r 95% CI, −.02 to .46). Limits of agreement for all joint torques were greater than 10% indicating large error in HHD measured torque compared with ID. A positive proportional bias was detected for plantarflexion, indicating that HHD underestimated torque to a greater extent in participants with higher torque values. Conclusions: Maximal torque values from HHD and ID are consistent with those previously reported in the literature. Poor concurrent validity of HHD may have arisen from issues around joint position, joint stabilization, and the experience of the tester to prevent an isokinetic contraction. Pediatric lower limb muscle strength assessed by HHD should be interpreted with caution.
Rare pathogenic mutation in the thymidine phosphorylase gene (TYMP) causing mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyelopathy
Authors: Shah Syed Asfand Yar , Shakeel Hassan Abdullah , Hassan Wajih Ul 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) disease is a rare multisystem disorder that mainly affects the digestive and nervous systems. Key features of the disease include cachexia, ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy and leucoencephalopathy. Symptoms most often begin by age 20 and overlap several other Metabolic and endocrine disorders making the diagnosis challenging. It has been determined that MNGIE is caused by mutations in the gene-encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP; previously known as endothelial cell growth factor 1).CaseWe herein present the clinical, neuroimaging and molecular findings in a patient with MNGIE caused by a novel homozygous variant of TYMP gene c.1048C>T, which is predicted to result in a premature protein termination (p.Gln350*). TYMP is a gene on chromosome 22q13.33 that encodes TP.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of good understanding and early recognition of a rare condition like MNGIE, so that the suffering from unnecessary interventional procedures can be avoided and better multidisciplinary care can be implemented for the symptomatic management of the patient.
Ipsilateral and axial tremor response to focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: clinical outcomes and probabilistic mapping
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuaki , Sarica Can , Elias Gavin J B , Boutet Alexandre , Germann Jurgen , Loh Aaron , Joel Suresh E , Bigioni Luca , Gwun Dave , Gramer Robert , Li Stanley Xiangyu , Zemmar Ajmal , Vetkas Artur , Algarni Musleh , Devenyi Gabriel , Chakravarty Mallar , Hynynen Kullervo , Scantlebury Nadia , Schwartz Michael L , Lozano Andres M , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for essential tremor (ET).ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of MRgFUS in patients with ET with an emphasis on ipsilateral-hand and axial tremor subscores.MethodsTremor scores and adverse effects of 100 patients treated between 2012 and 2018 were assessed at 1 week, 3, 12, and 24 months. A subgroup analysis of ipsilateral-hand tremor responders (defined as patients with ≥30% improvement at any time point) and non-responders was performed. Correlations and predictive factors for improvement were analysed. Weighted probabilistic maps of improvement were generated.ResultsSignificant improvement in axial, contralateral-hand and total tremor scores was observed at all study visits from baseline (p<0.0001). There was no significant improvement in ipsilateral subscores. A subset of patients (n=20) exhibited group-level ipsilateral-hand improvement that remained significant through all follow-ups (p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that higher baseline scores predict better improvement in ipsilateral-hand and axial tremor. Probabilistic maps demonstrated that the lesion hotspot for axial improvement was situated more medially than that for contralateral improvement.ConclusionMRgFUS significantly improved axial, contralateral-hand and total tremor scores. In a subset of patients, a consistent group-level treatment effect was observed for ipsilateral-hand tremor. While ipsilateral improvement seemed to be less directly related to lesion location, a spatial relationship between lesion location and axial and contralateral improvement was observed that proved consistent with the somatotopic organisation of the ventral intermediate nucleus.Trial registration numbersNCT01932463,NCT01827904, andNCT02252380.
Beta blocker versus ivabradine for cardiovascular outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hu Wei Syun , Lin Cheng Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We conducted a retrospective observational study using Taiwanese insurance records to examine the association between beta blocker (BB)/ ivabradine (IVA) and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
A total of 1884 AF subjects were enrolled. The propensity score-matching technique was applied to estimate the effect of IVA by accounting for the covariates. The CV outcomes included hospitalisation/rehospitalisation due to acute myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), haemorrhagic stroke, ischaemic stroke, CV death and all-cause death. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
IVA users were found to have a higher risk of HF requiring admission (adjusted HR=2.01; 95% CI 1.67 to 2.42), and all cause death (adjusted HR=1.47; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.94) after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and medications.

Conclusion
Concerning adverse clinical events, IVA might not be appropriate for patients with AF.
Habitat preferences of young-of-year spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) in Rondeau Bay, Lake Erie
Authors: McAllister Keith , Drake D. Andrew R. , Power Michael 
Published: August 2022

The young-of-year (YOY) habitat of many fishes listed under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) is poorly described, yet identifying critical habitat is essential to ensure species recovery. Past research on the Endangered spotted gar ( Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell, 1864) in Canada has focused on the habitat use of adults and juveniles, but little is known about the occurrence and habitat use of YOY. Dip net and aquatic habitat sampling were performed in nearshore (lakefront, agricultural drain), mid-channel (agricultural drain), and offshore sites within Rondeau Bay to determine the fine-scale habitat occupancy patterns of age-0 spotted gar. Habitat preference analysis indicated YOY spotted gar strongly preferred shallow (0.5–1.0 m), vegetated, nearshore (lakefront and agricultural drain) habitat and avoided offshore habitat. An association between submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and fish size was also found, as dependence on SAV diminished as total length increased. Our study represents the first capture and assessment of habitat associations of early-stage YOY spotted gar in Canada. Given our findings, management efforts should focus on protecting the vegetated nearshore habitat in Rondeau Bay and other occupied locations in Lake Erie to ensure the long-term persistence of spotted gar in Canada.
Assessing the predictive capability of the empirical Shale Gouge Ratio–buoyancy pressure calibration: implications for estimating CO
2
column heights
Authors: Bretan Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Current workflows for estimating the maximum height of sequestrated CO
2
trapped by fault-rock seal are based on an empirically derived predictive relationship between fault-zone shale content estimated using the Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) algorithm and buoyancy pressure. The predictive capability of this relationship has been assessed using observed in-place column height data from 25 fault-bounded traps containing gas or oil only. Two-thirds of gas-only traps have an observed trapped column that is more than 67% of the maximum predicted column height. By contrast, only 14% of oil-only traps have an observed column height of more than 67% of the maximum predicted column height. The existing SGR–buoyancy pressure calibration relationship is more optimal for low density (<450 kg m
−3
) buoyant fluids but is less so for higher density fluids (>650 kg m
−3
) such as oil. A new SGR–buoyancy pressure relationship has been derived for oil-only data. Fault seal envelopes for oil-only data exhibit a ‘reclined’ trend which implies a limited increase in seal strength and hence column height, with increasing SGR. As sequestrated CO
2
is likely to have fluid properties (interfacial tension, wettability and density) similar to that of oil in the subsurface, an empirical calibration relationship based on oil-only data should be used as a first-order predictor for CO
2
column heights.
Self-sealing mafic sills for carbon and hydrogen storage
Authors: Schmitt Rhiannon R. , Andrews Graham D. M. , Moore Jonathan , Paronish Thomas , Workman Scott , Gumowski Layne M. , Brown Sarah R. , Crandall Dustin , Neubaum John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Tabular igneous intrusions (sills) are common features in sedimentary basins and have the potential to be useful seals for fluids (e.g. CO
2
or H
2
) in geological storage scenarios, and may be important as the need for geological carbon sequestration and alternative fuel storage increases. This is advantageous in regions without ready access to large-volume reservoirs in depleted hydrocarbon plays and saline aquifers, such as the northeastern USA. Moreover, geological H
2
storage requires more demanding conditions than those typically associated with oil and gas. An enhanced seal will have the properties of a traditional seal – competent, low permeability and laterally extensive – with the addition of being able to self-seal pre-existing and induced fractures. Self-sealing will occur along fluid pathways like fractures where CO
2
, water and minerals like plagioclase, olivine and pyroxene react together. Dolerite sills from the Gettysburg Basin, Pennsylvania, have remarkably low permeability and homogeneous compositions that include minerals that will readily react with CO
2
dissolved in water. Here, we characterize the physical properties and chemical gradients within several mafic sills cored in five boreholes. In addition, preliminary CO
2
-reaction experiments on dolerite samples demonstrated rapid carbonate mineralization.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Hydromechanical Boundary Conditions on Shear-Flow Coupling Characteristics of Granite Joints
Authors: Cao Yangbing , Wu Yang , Zhang Xiangxiang , Liu Zhi , Gong Weiguo , Huang Zhenping 
Published: August 2022

The instability of jointed rock mass is usually the shear process of the rock mass along discontinuities under the influence of groundwater flow. By conducting laboratory tests and numerical experiments on the shear-flow coupling of rock joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal stress (CNL) boundary conditions, the influence of normal boundary conditions and seepage pressure on the shear mechanical and flow characteristics of joints were investigated. The test results were as follows: The joint shear stiffness, peak, and residual shear strength under the CNS boundary condition were predominantly larger than those under the CNL boundary condition. Overall, these parameters were positively correlated with the initial normal stress

σ

n
0

. When

σ

n
0

>
2

MPa, the postpeak shear stress of the CNS boundary condition showed a sharp decrease, whereas that of the CNL boundary condition changed from a slowly decreasing type (

σ

n
0

=
4

MPa, 6 MPa) to a sharply decreasing type at

σ

n
0

=
8

MPa. The peak dilation rate under the CNS boundary condition at all levels of normal stress was lower than that of CNL, and the strain softening in postpeak of the latter was more remarkable. In the process of joint shear, the hydraulic aperture displayed a four-stage variation law of “steady-sudden increase-slow increase-basically stable.” Moreover, the hydraulic aperture under the CNS boundary condition was always lower than that under the CNL boundary condition. The seepage pressure increased from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa, and the average hydraulic aperture in the stable stage under normal stress at all levels increased from 0.146 mm to 0.187 mm. In addition, the average peak shear stress and average shear stiffness decreased by 0.9 MPa and 0.83 GPa/m, respectively. We also established a numerical model of a real rough three-dimensional joint, compiled a calculation program for the shear-flow process of a joint under CNS boundary conditions, and visualized the flow channel inside the joint. The seepage flow bypassed the area where the joints contacted each other, forming obvious flow channels. The flow rate increased at the intersection of the flow channels.
Activation of Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells via Localized IL2 Cytokine Factories Eradicates Mesothelioma Tumors
Authors: Nash Amanda M. , Aghlara-Fotovat Samira , Castillio Bertha , Hernandez Andrea , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Lee Hyun-Sung , Jang Hee-Jin , Nguyen Annie , Lu Alexander , Burt Bryan M. , Ghanta Ravi K. , Veiseh Omid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
IL2 immunotherapy has the potential to elicit immune-mediated tumor lysis via activation of effector immune cells, but clinical utility is limited due to pharmacokinetic challenges as well as vascular leak syndrome and other life-threatening toxicities experienced by patients. We developed a safe and clinically translatable localized IL2 delivery system to boost the potency of therapy while minimizing systemic cytokine exposure.

Experimental Design:
We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of IL2 cytokine factories in a mouse model of malignant mesothelioma. Changes in immune populations were analyzed using time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), and the safety and translatability of the platform were evaluated using complete blood counts and serum chemistry analysis.

Results:
IL2 cytokine factories enabled 150× higher IL2 concentrations in the local compartment with limited leakage into the systemic circulation. AB1 tumor burden was reduced by 80% after 1 week of monotherapy treatment, and 7 of 7 of animals exhibited tumor eradication without recurrence when IL2 cytokine factories were combined with anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (aPD1). Furthermore, CyTOF analysis showed an increase in CD69+CD44+ and CD69−CD44+CD62L− T cells, reduction of CD86−PD-L1− M2-like macrophages, and a corresponding increase in CD86+PD-L1+ M1-like macrophages and MHC-II+ dendritic cells after treatment. Finally, blood chemistry ranges in rodents demonstrated the safety of cytokine factory treatment and reinforced its potential for clinical use.

Conclusions:
IL2 cytokine factories led to the eradication of aggressive mouse malignant mesothelioma tumors and protection from tumor recurrence, and increased the therapeutic efficacy of aPD1 checkpoint therapy. This study provides support for the clinical evaluation of this IL2-based delivery system.
See related commentary by Palanki et al., p. 5010
Detection of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Autoantibodies in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Using Standard Methodology
Authors: Hall Juliette , Bourne Kate M. , Vernino Steven , Hamrefors Viktor , Kharraziha Isabella , Nilsson Jan , Sheldon Robert S. , Fedorowski Artur , Raj Satish R. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disorder of orthostatic intolerance that primarily affects women of childbearing age. The underlying pathophysiology of POTS is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that autoimmunity may play a role. The aim of this study was to compare concentrations of autoantibodies to cardiovascular G protein–coupled receptors between patients with POTS and healthy controls.

Methods:
Sera were collected from 116 patients with POTS (91% female; medium age, 29 years) and 81 healthy controls (84% female; medium age, 27 years) from Calgary, Canada, and Malmö, Sweden. Samples were evaluated for autoantibodies to 11 receptors (adrenergic, muscarinic, angiotensin II, and endothelin) using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Autoantibody concentrations against all of the receptors tested were not significantly different between controls and patients with POTS. The majority of patients with POTS (98.3%) and all controls (100%) had α1 adrenergic receptor autoantibody concentrations above the seropositive threshold provided by the manufacturer (7 units/mL). The proportion of patients with POTS versus healthy controls who fell above the diagnostic thresholds was not different for any tested autoantibodies. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed a poor ability to discriminate between patients with POTS and controls.

Conclusions:
Patients with POTS and healthy controls do not differ in their enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–derived autoantibody concentrations to cardiovascular G protein–coupled receptors. These findings suggest that these tests are not useful for establishing the role of autoimmunity in POTS.
The Public Futures of the Humanities
Authors: Butler Judith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The challenge of demonstrating the value of the humanities can never be fully accomplished by showing that the humanities serve other disciplines. That argument assumes the value of those other disciplines, especially STEM fields, and relegates the humanities to a secondary position whose value is, at most, instrumental. The task is to show the distinctive contribution that the humanities can make to all fields of knowledge by keeping alive values that are irreducible to both instrumentality and profitability. The public humanities stand the best chance of accomplishing this task since it not only shows what the humanities have to offer the public sphere, but how various publics are framing what the humanities do within the university. Further, the public humanities have the potential to reorient the mission of the university. One reason the humanities are underfunded is that they have the power to challenge the hegemony of neoliberalism, its market metrics and financial rationality. Universities should be more fully engaged with public art, including literary and arts events, and the public for open debate as a way of demonstrating why the public requires the humanities, and is already engaged in its practices.
Why Public Humanities?
Authors: Smulyan Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay maps the nature, scope, and implications of the field of “public humanities” as practiced within the university. Calling for a public humanities that is collaborative, process-centered, and committed to racial and social justice, the essay considers the challenges and possibilities the new field brings to university teaching, scholarship, and administration. The author draws from her work at Brown University, her experience as the editor of a book of case studies, Doing Public Humanities, and her time as a participant-researcher at New Urban Arts, a Providence arts group, to review the organizations and resources devoted to public humanities. Describing why (and what, when, where, and how) a new humanities field began and where it stands now, the essay traces possible lessons for the humanities brought by the evolution of public humanities.
Planetary Humanities: Straddling the Decolonial/Postcolonial
Divide
Authors: Chakrabarty Dipesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay argues that while the science of climate change treats the Earth as one, political responses to climate change are marked profoundly by the fact that humanity can never speak as one. Questions of climate justice and sustainable human futures have deepened fractured and contested histories of modernity in which the West/non-West division intersects with emergent distinctions between postcolonial and decolonial approaches. But none of these distinctions are absolute. By discussing the works of Déborah Danowski and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, I seek to show how traditions of European and non-European thought remain entangled even as we seek, intellectually, to decolonize the world. In a connected world, the not-one-ness of humanity acts as a ground for dissension within the humanities but not for any absolute differences.
Scientific Inquiry: From Metaphors to Abstraction
Authors: Carrillo Natalia , Martínez Sergio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In philosophy of science, abstraction tends to be subsumed under representation, often being described as the omission of a target’s features when it is represented. This approach to abstraction sidesteps cognitive aspects of abstraction processes. However, cognitive aspects of abstraction are important in understanding the role of historically grounded epistemic criteria supporting modeling in science. Drawing on recent work on the relation between metaphor and abstraction, we introduce the concept of paths of abstraction, and use historical and contemporary examples to point to their role in guiding the development of relevance criteria which support modeling strategies in science.