bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue‐tailed skinks have predation‐dependent threat discrimination
Authors: Kong Alyssa Y. , Man Lauren , Suan Kaylie A. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extent to which prey respond to predation risk may depend upon the level of threat it perceives. A prey's perception of a threat can also be influenced by the background levels of predatory threat in the environment. Many animals also rely on visual cues to discriminate threat and assess risk. Eyes, in particular, are known to elicit an aversive response in prey. However, there is a lack of the literature about what salient physical features of a predator's gaze triggers aversion in prey, especially reptilian prey. We capitalized on the putatively aversive effects of eyes to better understand the influence of average background threat on risk perception. We approached blue‐tailed skinks (Emoia impar) with four different treatments: a blank control and three experimental treatments (two circular eyes, two squares, and one big circle) to test whether eye shape or number induced a greater aversive response in prey measured by the time allocated to key activities, as well as by flight initiation distance (FID) in locations of high and low background threat. Skinks discriminated more between treatments at low risk than in high risk situations by varying their behavior in response to treatments only in low‐risk scenarios, but this did not translate into differences in FID. Our results suggest that in high‐risk situations, the cost to discriminate is higher than at low risk. Although we can assume our treatments were not perceived as eyes due to a lack of discrimination toward the two circle treatment, detectability and more specifically diameter of stimuli are the most salient to skinks. While skinks are able to detect subtle differences in visual stimuli, this does not affect their overall fear response. Remarkably, skinks, a species not hunted by humans, have the ability to discriminate subtle features about them, a finding that is seen in other species and requires more study.
Fracture mechanisms of sodium silicate glasses
Authors: Rimsza Jessica M. , Jones Reese E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReactive classical molecular dynamics simulations of sodium silicate glasses, xNa2O–(100 − x)SiO2 (x = 10–30), under quasi‐static loading, were performed for the analysis of molecular scale fracture mechanisms. Mechanical properties of the sodium silicate glasses were consistent with experimentally reported values, and the amount of crack propagation varied with reported fracture toughness values. The most crack propagation occurred in NS20 systems (20‐mol% Na2O) compared with the other simulated compositions. Dissipation via two mechanisms, the first through sodium migration as a lower activation energy process and the second through structural rearrangement as a higher activation energy process, was calculated and accounted for the energy that was not stored elastically or associated with the formation of new fracture surfaces. A correlation between crack propagation and energy dissipation was identified, with systems with higher crack propagation exhibiting less energy dissipation. Sodium silicate glass compositions with lower energy dissipation also exhibited the most sodium movement and structural rearrangement within 10 Å of the crack tip during loading. Therefore, high sodium mobility near the crack tip may enable energy dissipation without requiring formation of structural defects. Therefore, the varying mobilities of the network modifiers near crack tips influence the brittleness and the crack growth rate of modified amorphous oxide systems.
Solubility and swelling of soils from native starch
Authors: Schmidt Carolin , Brunner Meike , Berger Christiane , Zahn Susann , Rohm Harald 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe cleaning of food processing plants is essential for ensuring compliance with quality and hygiene standards. Properties of food‐borne soils such as solubility and swelling are relevant and provide information concerning their cleanability. In the context of cleaning processes in food industry, the aim of this study was to determine the impact that different cleaning fluids exhibit on the solubility and swelling behaviour of soils consisting of amylose‐ rich native maize, wheat, rice or potato starch or amylopectin rich native waxy maize starch. For this purpose, a process for the preparation of starch pastepowder, mimicking starch soils, was developed. After swelling in water or 20 g kg−1 NaOH at 25 or 55 °C, the solubility and the water binding capacity (WBC) of the starch powders were determined. The solubility of amylose rich starch paste powders was significantly higher in NaOH, whereas amylopectin rich waxy maize starch paste powder dissolved significantly better in water. The use of NaOH resulted in a significant decrease of the WBC of most starches. While a higher solubility and WBC was found for wet maize starch soils (starch paste) than for dried maize starch soils (starch paste powder), solubility and swelling of waxy maize starch soils were not affected by the residual moisture.
‘A Mark of Perfection:’ Receiving and Perfection in Aquinas’s Trinitarian Theology
Authors: Higgins Michael Joseph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the last three decades, some Thomists have argued that receiving is a pure perfection, others that it is a transcendental, and others that it is neither. All agree, however, that Aquinas himself holds that it is neither a pure perfection nor a transcendental. I argue here that, while Aquinas does not number receiving among the pure perfections or the transcendentals, he comes closer to doing so than has been acknowledged, and – at least in one respect – he even associates reception more radically with perfection than do any of the more recent champions of receptivity.
Walking and cycling for health: A multi‐group analysis of path models between genders
Authors: Yen Hsin‐Yen , Liao Yung , Huang Wen‐Hsin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsWalking and cycling are beneficial for urban adults' health. Transport and recreation are modifiable domains of major physical activity resources. The purposes of this study were to explore associations among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life by developing a path model and comparing gender differences.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants were community‐dwelling healthy urban adults aged 20–65 years. Data were collected between September 2019 and June 2020 by self‐reported questionnaires, including health beliefs, the neighbourhood environment, walking and cycling behaviours and the World Health Organization Quality‐of‐Life Scale. An ANCOVA, chi‐squared tests, partial least squares‐path model and a multi‐group analysis were performed for statistical analyses.ResultsIn total, 1294 valid responses were received, which included 41.27% men and 58.73% women. Men had lower walking behaviours and better self‐efficacy than women. The developed path model indicated an acceptable model fit. Significant path coefficients were found among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. The path model between men and women found no significant differences in any path coefficients. Significant path coefficients of environmental factors with cycling behaviour and of walking behaviour with quality of life were found in men but not in women.ConclusionImproving individuals' health beliefs, self‐efficacy and perceived walkability and cyclability is a beneficial strategy for promoting physical activity. Walking and cycling behaviours are recommended to improve the quality of life of urban adult populations.Impacts

What problem did the study address?

A large proportion of urban adult populations still have insufficient physical activity globally. It is essential that implications from an overall perspective of psychological and environmental factors and their interactions be integrated to develop efficient strategies for promoting physical activity and quality of life.

What were the main findings?
The developed path model with an acceptable model fit found that psychological and environmental factors were important in explaining urban adults' walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. Differences were not found between men's and women's path models.

Where and on whom will the research have impact?
Improving urban adults' psychological and environmental factors might be an efficient strategy for promoting sufficient physical activity. Men's low engagement in walking behaviours should garner increased attention. Providing equal opportunities for both genders to engage in walking and cycling behaviours are recommended for health promotion in urban regions.
From training to education: Understanding and responding to the resuscitation education issues with ideas and theory
Authors: Thompson James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlongside medical science, educational efficiency and local implementation have been identified as the three leading themes that influence cardiac arrest survival outcomes. Where the medical science domain continues to inform the contemporary evidence for the optimal practice, the remaining two education themes continue to face criticism linked to the poor sustainability of clinician resuscitation skills, with a rapid decay in abilities often evident soon after training and certification. The European Resuscitation Council recently reasserted the importance of programmes to reflect educational best practices and learning theory.DiscussionThis paper discusses a selection of key contemporary theoretical themes, which directly relate to several specific ongoing education concerns.ReccomendationsBeyond questioning the effectiveness of current conventions to achieve sustainable knowledge and skills for the long term, it is suggested that common approaches may not be sufficient to prepare clinicians or certify competency for the complexities of these future events and that a major pedagogical shift may be required to teaching and assessment.
Evidence of Závora Bay as a critical site for reef manta rays, Mobula alfredi, in southern Mozambique
Authors: Carpenter Michelle , Cullain Nakia , Venables Stephanie Kathleen , Tibiriçá Yara , Griffiths Charles , Marshall Andrea Denise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe largest known reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi) population in Africa has been monitored for more than 20 years at several locations on the coast of the Inhambane Province in southern Mozambique. Nonetheless, before this study, little had been reported on the population dynamics of M. alfredi from Závora, a remote bay in the region. Photographic mark‐recapture was used to investigate the size and structure of M. alfredi that aggregate at “Red Sands,” a reef cleaning station in Závora Bay. An 11 year photographic data set was used to identify 583 M. alfredi individuals between 2010 and 2021. More than half of M. alfredi individuals were resighted at least once, with most encounters (up to 18 for one individual) occurring during the peak sighting period in July–November each year. An even sex ratio was observed, 44% females and 50% males, with no significant difference in resightings between the sexes. Pollock's robust design population models were used to estimate annual abundance, emigration, annual apparent survival and capture probability at Red Sands from July to November over a 6 year period (2016–2021). Abundance estimates varied year to year, ranging from 35 (95% c.i. [30, 45]) up to 233 (95% c.i. [224, 249]) M. alfredi individuals. Given the seasonal affinity of M. alfredi observed at Red Sands, this study highlights the importance of understanding fine‐scale site use within the larger home range of this population to develop local management strategies.
Eating behaviors in children with Down syndrome: Results of a home‐use test
Authors: Ross Carolyn F. , Bernhard Charles Benjamin , Surette Victoria , Hasted Anne , Wakeling Ian , Smith‐Simpson Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChildren with Down syndrome (DS) display a disproportionate number of health challenges, including feeding and swallowing difficulties and food texture sensitivities. To start addressing food texture challenges early in life, the aim of this research was to understand mealtime behaviors and identify preferred food textures of children with DS. Children (aged 11 to 58 months) with DS (n = 111) and without (typically developing, TD; n = 107) participated in a home use test evaluating snack products of varying textures. Parents recorded their children's reactions to each food product; a panel of trained coders coded videos for mealtime behaviors. Children were also identified as food texture sensitive (TS) or non‐texture sensitive (NTS). Results showed that age, TS, the presence of a DS diagnosis and the TS*DS interaction influenced the child's behaviors to the food products. Children with DS were more likely to increase distance from the food, mouth/suck on the food, and less likely to chew/much on the food compared to children TD. Children with DS also ate significantly less than typically developing children. Similar mealtime behaviors were observed between the children with TD/<30 months of age and children with DS regardless of age (p < .05). While children with DS/TS had a higher disposition for the dissolvable texture, along with products that were salty and cheesy, children with DS/NTS had a greater tolerance for more textures in general, including crunchy and grainy. Overall, this research identified mealtime behaviors in children with DS, determined overall disposition of children with DS to foods of differences sensory properties, and demonstrated the influence of TS on a child's disposition to a food. This research will be extended to develop acceptable and innovative food products for children with DS/TS.
Genome‐wide footprints in the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) unveil a new domestication pattern of a fruit tree in the Mediterranean
Authors: Baumel Alex , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo , Médail Frédéric , La Malfa Stefano , Di Guardo Mario , Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda , Lakhal‐Mirleau Fatma , Frelon Valentine , Ouahmane Lahcen , Diadema Katia , Sanguin Hervé , Viruel Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntense research efforts over the last two decades have renewed our understanding of plant phylogeography and domestication in the Mediterranean basin. Here we aim to investigate the evolutionary history and the origin of domestication of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which has been cultivated for millennia for food and fodder. We used >1000 microsatellite genotypes to delimit seven carob evolutionary units (CEUs). We investigated genome‐wide diversity and evolutionary patterns of the CEUs with 3557 single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). To address the complex wild vs. cultivated status of sampled trees, we classified 56 sampled populations across the Mediterranean basin as wild, seminatural or cultivated. Nuclear and cytoplasmic loci were identified from RADseq data and separated for analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of these genomic‐wide data allowed us to resolve west‐to‐east expansions from a single long‐term refugium probably located in the foothills of the High Atlas Mountains near the Atlantic coast. Our findings support multiple origins of domestication with a low impact on the genetic diversity at range‐wide level. The carob was mostly domesticated from locally selected wild genotypes and scattered long‐distance westward dispersals of domesticated varieties by humans, concomitant with major historical migrations by Romans, Greeks and Arabs. Ex situ efforts to preserve carob genetic resources should prioritize accessions from both western and eastern populations, with emphasis on the most differentiated CEUs situated in southwest Morocco, south Spain and eastern Mediterranean. Our study highlights the relevance of wild and seminatural habitats in the conservation of genetic resources for cultivated trees.
A leadless pacemaker matched with a vasovagal syncope: how long can it last?
Authors: ElRefai Mohamed , Menexi Christina , Abouelasaad Mohamed , Nettey Diana , Roberts Paul R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend that cardiac pacing should be considered in patients suffering from frequent vasovagal syncopal (VVS) episodes. Studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of leadless pacemakers (LP) in cardioinhibitory vasovagal populations specifically, rendering them a reasonable alternative to transvenous pacing in these patients. However, due to the paucity of data on extraction and the number of concomitant LPs that can be safely implanted, there are concerns regarding LPs’ battery longevity, especially in younger patients who may require decades of pacing therapy.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the first 100 LPs implanted at a tertiary cardiac centre in the UK. Demographical data and device parameters at implant and follow‐ups were obtained from the hospital's medical records. The battery life of the LPs in the VVS patients was compared to that of patients with other pacing indications.ResultsNinety patients were included in the analysis. 14 patients (15.6%) had VVS, and 76 patients (84.4%) had other indications for pacing. Mean ages were 34 ± 13 years and 62 ± 20 years for the VVS and the other group, respectively. The estimated total battery life was 15.22 ± 0.35 and 13.65 ± 2.97 years in the VVS and the other indications group respectively (p = .04). There were no complications in the VVS group.ConclusionLPs provide a promising treatment for patients with vasovagal syncope with reassuring battery performance at the short/intermediate term. Further longer‐term follow‐up data are needed to identify the true battery potential in this patient cohort.
The cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and transitional associations between perceived support and suicidal ideation and behavior in late adolescence and emerging adulthood: Adjacent‐category logit models
Authors: Nestor Bridget A. , Liu Qimin , Tran Tiffany , Cole David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal ideation (SI) and attempts (SA) are prevalent in late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Prior research has identified perceived support as a correlate of SI and SA. Less is known, though, about the role of perceived support in differentiating among suicidal outcomes and between the incremental escalation of suicidal outcomes from SI to SA to serious suicide attempts (SSA).MethodUsing ordinal regression, we used Wave 1 and 2 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 4500; 53% female; Mage = 16.6; 12% Hispanic) to examine cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and transitional models of perceived support and suicidality.ResultsCross‐sectional results indicated that youths with higher perceived support were less likely to have suicidal ideation. Longitudinal results showed that youths with higher perceived support at Wave 1 were less likely to have suicidal ideation or serious suicide attempts at Wave 2. Transitional model results revealed that higher perceived support at Wave 1 was negatively associated with escalation in suicidal outcomes from Wave 1 to 2.ConclusionWe discuss findings in the context of theories of suicide and discuss implications for suicide risk identification, intervention, and prevention efforts in late adolescence and emerging adulthood.
Parameters of epicentral status
Authors: Schneider Edgar W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present paper offers a fundamental discussion of constituent parameters and relevant issues associated with the concepts of pluricentricity and epicentres. It proposes an explicit division into a weak reading, highlighting the co‐existence of national varieties of languages, and a strong one, focusing on influence exerted by some varieties on others. Parameters which constitute epicentres include size and speaker numbers, geographical proximity, intensity of mutual relations, directionality of influence, and attitudinal factors. Methodologically, a fully convincing documentation of epicentral influence would call for diachronic data from both varieties in question, an investigation of detailed usage conditions of forms compared, and a plausible account of the potential for contact – though for now this seems very difficult to achieve. It is suggested that the perspective taken should not only encompass standard varieties and that the weak version of pluricentricity has strong roots in language attitudes and perception rather than production.
Safety and efficacy of treating post‐burn pathological scars with extracorporeal shock wave therapy: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yang Yanhui , Kang Jingwen , Jiang Tianyu , Schmitz Christoph , Weng Changshui , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe clinical application of shockwave therapy has expanded to the treatment of pathological scars. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy combined with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on post‐burn pathological scars compared to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy alone. The randomised controlled trials of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for post‐burn pathological scars published in English and Chinese languages before October 2021 were included. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the selected articles were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's ‘risk of bias’ tool. RevMan software was applied for data analysis. This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis considering the effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on post‐burn pathological scars. And nine randomised controlled trials involving 422 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis results showed that, compared with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy alone, extracorporeal shockwave therapy combined with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy was more effective in relieving pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [−0.87 to −0.31], p < 0.0001) and pruritus related to pathological scars (SMD = −0.94; 95% CI: [−1.25 to −0.63], p = 0.004), improving scars' appearance (SMD = −1.78, 95% CI: [−3.37 to −0.19], p = 0.03) and elasticity (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: [0.29–0.21], p < 0.00001), decreasing scars thickness (SMD = −0.13, 95% CI: [−0.25 to −0.01], p = 0.04) and promoting the maturation status of scars (SMD = −2.86, 95% CI: [−3.96 to −1.76], p < 0.00001). There were no reported serious adverse events during and after extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the included studies. Available data preliminarily suggested that the combination of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy had better therapeutic effect on post‐burn pathological scars than comprehensive rehabilitation therapy alone, without obvious side effects. However, further clinical well‐controlled randomised controlled trials are needed. Systematic review registration ID: PROSPERO CRD42022297573.