bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption – Part 2: Particle-phase dispersion and concurrent wildfire smoke emissions
Authors: Osborne Martin J. , de Leeuw Johannes , Witham Claire , Schmidt Anja , Beckett Frances , Kristiansen Nina , Buxmann Joelle , Saint Cameron , Welton Ellsworth J. , Fochesatto Javier , Gomes Ana R. , Bundke Ulrich , Petzold Andreas , Marenco Franco , Haywood Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Between 27 June and 14 July 2019 aerosol layers were observed by the United Kingdom (UK) Raman lidar network in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The arrival of these aerosol layers in late June caused some concern within the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) as according to dispersion simulations the volcanic plume from the 21 June 2019 eruption of Raikoke was not expected over the UK until early July. Using dispersion simulations from the Met Office Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME), and supporting evidence from satellite and in situ aircraft observations, we show that the early arrival of the stratospheric layers was not due to aerosols from the explosive eruption of the Raikoke volcano but due to biomass burning smoke aerosols associated with intense forest fires in Alberta, Canada, that occurred 4 d prior to the Raikoke eruption. We use the observations and model simulations to describe the dispersion of both the volcanic and forest fire aerosol clouds and estimate that the initial Raikoke ash aerosol cloud contained around 15 Tg of volcanic ash and that the forest fires produced around 0.2 Tg of biomass burning aerosol. The operational monitoring of volcanic aerosol clouds is a vital capability in terms of aviation safety and the synergy of NAME dispersion simulations, and lidar data with depolarising capabilities allowed scientists at the Met Office to interpret the various aerosol layers over the UK and attribute the material to their sources. The use of NAME allowed the identification of the observed stratospheric layers that reached the UK on 27 June as biomass burning aerosol, characterised by a particle linear depolarisation ratio of 9 %, whereas with the lidar alone the latter could have been identified as the early arrival of a volcanic ash–sulfate mixed aerosol cloud. In the case under study, given the low concentration estimates, the exact identification of the aerosol layers would have made little substantive difference to the decision-making process within the London VAAC. However, our work shows how the use of dispersion modelling together with multiple observation sources enabled us to create a more complete description of atmospheric aerosol loading.
Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index
Authors: Campanelli Monica , Diémoz Henri , Siani Anna Maria , di Sarra Alcide , Iannarelli Anna Maria , Kudo Rei , Fasano Gabriele , Casasanta Giampietro , Tofful Luca , Cacciani Marco , Sanò Paolo , Dietrich Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The impact of the aerosol optical properties on the ultraviolet index (UVI) in the urban area of Rome is investigated in this study. In particular, the influence of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA), estimated at the wavelength of 340 nm, and of the Ångström exponent, calculated in the range 340–500 nm, over a period of 11 years (2010–2020) in the months from March to September are analyzed. The UVI is monitored by a Brewer spectrophotometer, whereas measurements of the direct Sun and diffuse sky irradiances are performed by a co-located PREDE-POM sun–sky radiometer of the ESR/SKYNET network; the aerosol optical properties are obtained by the Skyrad MRIv2 retrieval. A novel method, based on physical principles and easily adaptable to other contexts, is developed to extrapolate the aerosol properties to the UV range during periods when only visible to near-infrared measurements are available. The retrievals from the sun–sky radiometer are consistent with the chemical characterization of urban PM10 (particulate matter 10 mm or less in diameter) samples collected during an intensive field campaign held in summer 2011 at the same site (URBan Sustainability Related to Observed and Monitored Aerosol – URBS ROMA). The PM macro components identified during the campaign are grouped in order to evaluate the contribution of the main macro sources (soil, sea, secondary inorganic, organics, and traffic) whose relative role is indeed expected to strongly affect the aerosol absorption capability. The surface forcing efficiency, calculated as the change in the UV index for a unit AOD variation, shows that AOD is the primary parameter affecting the surface irradiance under clear-sky conditions in Rome. SSA and the Ångström exponent are also identified as secondary influencing factors, i.e., the surface forcing efficiency is found to be greater for smaller zenith angles and for larger and more absorbent particles in the UV range (such as, e.g., mineral dust).
ASPIRE - A Journey from Intuition to Innovation
Authors: Mulkalwar Alhad 
Published: March 2022

The idea of academic research is perceived by many students as interesting, but what stops them from actually indulging in it, is a simple question, ‘How does one start?’ Those who do start seldom remain with the project till the end and very few eventually co-author the publication. This attrition could be fuelled by numerous factors including lack of right mentorship, conflict with academics, or simply a loss of interest. There was a need to practice and teach research from the perspective of an undergraduate and hence inculcate the culture of Research and Evidence-Based Medicine into medical education. As a solution to this predicament, a student-led research council named, ‘A.S.P.I.R.E: Association for Support and Propagation of Innovation, Research & Education’ was formed. Its activities were focused on building a peer-based research environment to learn via module-wise teaching and mentoring sessions and a practical approach to inculcate the culture of evidence-based medicine in young professionals via Journal club sessions. This article summarizes the author’s experience of implementing this idea and the hurdles and barriers he faced in the process. The author also provides a reflection on this journey which provided him with innumerable lessons and positive takeaways.
A 57-year-old alcoholic woman with soft neck mass
Authors: Miranda Luiz Eduardo Correia , Miranda Ana Clara Galindo , Eufranio Matheus Stillner , Maia Maria Vitória Rocha Santos Bezerra 
Published: March 2022

A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed with an anterior cervical mass (figure 1). No peripheral neuropathy or cervical lymph nodes were detected from the physical examination. The mass has slowly and painlessly grown for 30 years with no dyspnea or dysphagia. She had a history of chronic alcohol consumption and heavy tobacco use for 25 years. No standard medications were taken.
Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple, benign, symmetric, and nonencapsulated fatty tissue masses. This is more common in males (15:1) and in the Mediterranean population. Malignancy is rarely observed in this case. Masses can be found on the head and neck, including the upper trunk, shoulders, upper back, mediastinum, perineum, scrotum, and tongue. Besides the aesthetic effects, masses can cause airways or digestive compressive symptoms, as well as limitations in head or neck movements, urinating, or sexual intercourse. The involvement of peripheral nerves can cause neurological symptoms.

Alcohol abuse has been long associated with this disease. A genetic cause has been suggested, but a hereditary pattern has not been identified in most cases. A link was suggested with liver disease, but there is no mention of liver abscess in the literature.

The diagnostic is based on image finds. Solitary lipoma is a benign soft tissue tumor, rarely found in the neck region. It mostly occurs in females and obese patients, and it is enclosed by a fibrous capsule that helps to differentiate it from other fat aggregations. Liposarcoma represents 1% of neck and head sarcomas. Patients are mostly men and the medium age is 70 years. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is manifested in the thirties and is more prevalent in females (2:1). In this case, the discrete multiple subcutaneous nodules are movable, painless, and soft and have no associated conditions.

Lipectomy is the concerned treatment, but recurrence is common. Liposuction is an alternative to extensive lipectomy. No medicinal therapy is effective; however, alcohol abstinence can reduce the recurrence frequency.

Clinics must be aware of this uncommon disease in order to diagnose it and treat it appropriately.

Statement of Ethics
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.

Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Funding Sources
The authors had no funding sources in the preparation of data or the manuscript.
On the Germanic Element in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian
Authors: Vanderheide John 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian is prefaced by an epigraph fromseventeenth-century German philosopher and theologian Jacob Boehme and the last chapter heading of the novel is a quotation in German that references as many as three other famous figures in German literature, including twentieth-century writer Thomas Mann. This article investigates the significance of this framing of the novel by Germanic writing. With close readings of Mann and Boehme in particular, I argue that what McCarthy takes from these writers is a dualistic or double-voiced aesthetic that allows him to present to the reader the antithetical sides of America's Germanic or Teutonic heritage, allowing them to render their judgment of it. In Blood Meridian, the historical legacy of American Anglo-Saxonism is ostentatiously evident in the narrative of Indigenous genocide, but so too are divergent or opposing aesthetic and theological legacies of German culture. This includes McCarthy's borrowing of Germanic allegorical techniques, which precipitate out of the narrative material a distinct if obscure meaning that permeates the narrative without controlling or containing it. The Germanic element in Blood Meridian thus speaks to some of the most important of the novel's aesthetic, political, and theological concerns.
OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM APLICADOS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM ÉPOCA DE PANDEMIA: RELATOS DE EXPERIÊNCIAS COM DISPOSITIVOS MÓVEIS EM SALA DE AULA REMOTA
Authors: Dos Santos Fabrícia Damando , Lopes Michele Moscardini de Farias , Fagundes Aline Gonçaves de Farias , Falavigna Gladis , Andreatta-da-costa Luciano 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo descreve a utilização dos objetos de aprendizagem como recurso didático no ensino fundamental em tempos de pandemia. Foram realizadas lives para professores das redes de ensino, atingindo um total de 571 docentes. Utilizou-se como metodologia um grupo focal formado por 12 professores. Foi constatado que o uso do celular como recurso pedagógico é ainda incipiente, além da importância do acompanhamento familiar. O custo do acesso à internet, bem como o uso apenas ao final do dia, estão entre as limitações encontradas. Conclui-se que a cultura digital precisa ser incentivada nas escolas, ampliando as possibilidades de sucesso de experiências em ensino remoto.
EFFECT OF NEBULIZED LIDOCAINE ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE ALVEOLOCAPILLARY MEMBRANE UNDER EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF VENTILATOR INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Решетняк Н.А. , Колесников А.Н. 
Published: March 2022

Цель работы: определить влияние небулизированного лидокаина на проницаемость альвеолокапиллярной мембраны в условиях экспериментальной модели вентилятор - индуцированного повреждения легких.
Aim: to determine the effect of nebulized lidocaine on the permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane in the experimental model of ventilator-induced lung injury.
Een nieuwe weg naar Rome?
Authors: Nelissen Nico , Verheul Wouter Jan 
Published: March 2022

A new road to Rome? Alternative form of citizen participation in urban improvement
Municipalities are in a new phase of development. This requires rethinking how citizens can be involved in these developments. Instead of asking citizens to respond to municipal project initiatives, one of the (new) ways is to let citizens have their say about where, what and how urban improvements can be made. In this essay, the authors discuss what they mean by ‘areas for improvement’ and discuss two experiments – in two of the oldest Dutch cities: Maastricht and Nijmegen – of citizen participation that are intended to address such areas. In their view, in this way ‘a new, but obviously not the only, way to Rome is created’ in terms of citizen participation.
Perception and Practices of COVID-19 in Rural Areas of Southeastern Nigeria: A Community-based Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: I. Nnamonu Emmanuel , C. Ani Ogonna , Okafor Love C. , C. Nwosu Godwin , A. Okeke Obiageli , Ikwuegbu Pauline N. , P. Ota Chukwudi , F. Egwim Chukwuemeka , L. Agu Chukwuemeka , U. Ononye Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Despite all efforts made globally by governments of various nations and all concerned agencies through preventative measures, quick testing, isolation, shutting down of societies and economy, the virus still succeeded in spreading through communities perhaps due to the wrong perspective, in addition to surveillance, prevention and management challenges. This study evaluated the perception and practices of covid-19 in rural areas of southeastern Nigeria.
Study Design: The study adopted a community-based cross-sectional survey design that investigated awareness, perspective, surveillance challenges, prevention, management and economic impact in rural settlement areas of south-east, Nigeria.
Place and duration of study: This study was be conducted in rural settlement areas of south-east Nigeria (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states). February – April, 2021.
Methodology: Data was collected by the use of the questionnaire. Five hundred copies were administered per state.
Results: Most participants (2464, 98.6%) heard first of COVID-19 through radio/television (1409, 56.3%), social media (539, 21.5%) and their friends/relatives (418, 16.7%); 1896 (75.8%) believed in the existence of COVID-19 infection. However, the majority in Ebonyi state (309, 61.8%) had their disbelief on the existence of COVID-19. Participants confirmed having knowledge of COVID-19 testing (2319, 92.8%) and isolation centers (2299, 92.0%), however, a major challenge was lack of (1698, 67.9%) or no awareness (550, 22.0%) of masses testing centre in their areas. A few individuals (392, 15.7%) reported having experienced one or two COVID-19 symptoms about 3 months ago. Knowledge on how to prevent contracting COVID-19 is relatively high (66.7%) among the respondents. COVID-19 induced economic burden amongst residents were mainly as a result of the imposition of lockdown to movements and businesses (1098, 43.9%), disruption of studies (959, 38.4%), increased hunger (950, 38.0%), high expenditure (894, 35.8%) and loss of job/income (816, 32.6%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that the majority of the people in southeast Nigeria are aware of the possible existence of Covid-19 in their area.
The devil is not in the detail: Reply to Belli (2022)
Authors: Blank Hartmut , Skopicz‐Radkiewicz Ewa , Reddy Vasudevi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe welcome Belli's (Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022, 36, 477) comments on our double misinformation research and the opportunity to discuss the involved processes. We agree that our studies do not rule out (some of) the interference mechanisms specified by Belli (Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022, 36, 477)—because they were never designed for this purpose. Instead, the logic of our studies is at a molar level, potentially involving different molecular‐level interference or non‐interference mechanisms. We concede that specific interference mechanisms may operate in specific circumstances but maintain that our new research approach—adding further contradictory misinformation on top of existing misinformation to reduce the misinformation effect—does pose a challenge for interference accounts in general.
Vertically Oriented MXene Bridging the Frequency Response and Capacity Density Gap for AC‐Filtering Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Wen Yeye , Chen Hongwu , Wu Mingmao , Li Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical capacitors (ECs) with high‐rate characteristics demonstrate great promise for replacing bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors with alternate current (AC)‐filtering functions. Currently, the performance of AC‐line filtering ECs is limited by the vast gap between the ionic transport kinetics and capacity density of electrode materials. Herein, vertically oriented MXene and reduced graphene oxide composite (VMG) electrodes are prepared by electrochemical co‐deposition to bridge the performance gap for AC‐line filtering ECs. Benefiting from the unique pseudocapacitive characteristic and vertically interconnected microstructure, the VMG‐based EC exhibits an outstanding areal capacitance of 1.14 mF cm−2 with a phase angle of −80° at 120 Hz. Moreover, by utilizing the advantages of MXene at negative potential, an asymmetric pseudocapacitor is constructed with an energy density up to 805 µF V2 cm−2 at 120 Hz, which can be further incorporated in portable and wearable devices with excellent environmental ripple filtering capability in diverse scenarios.
Porous Nanofiber Membrane: Rational Platform for Highly Sensitive Thermochromic Sensor
Authors: Kim Dong‐Ha , Bae Jaehyeong , Lee Jiyoung , Ahn Jaewan , Hwang Won‐Tae , Ko Jaehyun , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThermochromic sensors provide an intuitive and real‐time solution for monitoring the local temperature with naked eyes. Conventional thermochromic sensors often utilize either solution‐type or dense film‐type platforms, which are suboptimal morphologies for exposing a large number of dye molecules to the surface, leading to low sensitivity and sluggish responding speeds. Herein, this article introduces rational synthetic routes to fabricate highly sensitive nanofiber (NF) sensor membranes loaded with thermochromic dyes (C3H6N6·CH2O)x‐loaded nanofibers (NFs) sensor membranes by alignment‐controllable electrospinning techniques (x–y perpendicular and rotary). The NF‐based porous sensor membranes exhibit two‐ to fivefold improved thermochromic sensitivity (ΔRGB) compared to those of dense film‐type sensors at 31.6–42.7 °C. This is attributed to the uniform distribution of dyes throughout the porous NF structure (≈95.7%), which exhibits excellent light transmittance that is 10–30‐fold higher than that of film‐type sensors. Based on the available shape‐conforming synthetic strategies, this article further demonstrates wearable thermochromic sensors in the forms of mask‐, patch‐, and bracelet‐type devices, which can accurately monitor body temperature in real time.
Exosomes‐Loaded Electroconductive Hydrogel Synergistically Promotes Tissue Repair after Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Myelinated Axon Growth
Authors: Fan Lei , Liu Can , Chen Xiuxing , Zheng Lei , Zou Yan , Wen Huiquan , Guan Pengfei , Lu Fang , Luo Yian , Tan Guoxin , Yu Peng , Chen Dafu , Deng Chunlin , Sun Yongjian , Zhou Lei , Ning Chengyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectroconductive hydrogels are very attractive candidates for accelerated spinal cord injury (SCI) repair because they match the electrical and mechanical properties of neural tissue. However, electroconductive hydrogel implantation can potentially aggravate inflammation, and hinder its repair efficacy. Bone marrow stem cell‐derived exosomes (BMSC‐exosomes) have shown immunomodulatory and tissue regeneration effects, therefore, neural tissue‐like electroconductive hydrogels loaded with BMSC‐exosomes are developed for the synergistic treatment of SCI. These exosomes‐loaded electroconductive hydrogels modulate microglial M2 polarization via the NF‐κB pathway, and synergistically enhance neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) while inhibiting astrocyte differentiation, and also increase axon outgrowth via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, exosomes combined electroconductive hydrogels significantly decrease the number of CD68‐positive microglia, enhance local NSCs recruitment, and promote neuronal and axonal regeneration, resulting in significant functional recovery at the early stage in an SCI mouse model. Hence, the findings of this study demonstrate that the combination of electroconductive hydrogels and BMSC‐exosomes is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
Ferroelectric Engineered Electrode‐Composite Polymer Electrolyte Interfaces for All‐Solid‐State Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Wang Yumei , Wang Zhongting , Zheng Feng , Sun Jianguo , Oh Jin An Sam , Wu Tian , Chen Gongxuan , Huang Qing , Kotobuki Masashi , Zeng Kaiyang , Lu Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo enhance the compatibility between the polymer‐based electrolytes and electrodes, and promote the interfacial ion conduction, a novel approach to engineer the interfaces between all‐solid‐state composite polymer electrolyte and electrodes using thin layers of ferroelectrics is introduced. The well‐designed and ferroelectric‐engineered composite polymer electrolyte demonstrates an attractive ionic conductivity of 7.9 × 10–5 S cm–1 at room temperature. Furthermore, the ferroelectric engineering is able to effectively suppress the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the interface between polymer electrolytes and Na metal electrodes, and it can also enhance the ion diffusion across the electrolyte‐ferroelectric‐cathode/anode interfaces. Notably, an extraordinarily high discharge capacity of 160.3 mAh g–1, with 97.4% in retention, is achieved in the ferroelectric‐engineered all‐solid‐state Na metal cell after 165 cycles at room temperature. Moreover, outstanding stability is demonstrated that a high discharge capacity retention of 86.0% is achieved over 180 full charge/discharge cycles, even though the cell has been aged for 2 months. This work provides new insights in enhancing the long‐cyclability and stability of solid‐state rechargeable batteries.
A de novo heterozygous HOXA11 variant in a patient with mesomelic dysplasia with urogenital abnormalities
Authors: Sezer Abdullah , Perçin Ferda Emriye , Kazan Hasan Huseyin , Kayhan Gulsum , Akturk Mujde 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMesomelic dysplasias are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of diseases with more than 10 types defined. This article presents an 18‐year‐old female patient with normal intelligence and a multisystem phenotype including disproportionate short stature, scoliosis, mesomelic limb shortening, radial bowing, short fourth to fifth metacarpals and metatarsals, fusions in the carpal/tarsal bones, operated pes equinovarus, primary amenorrhea, uterine hypoplasia, vesicoureteral reflux, and chronic kidney disease. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous c.881T>G (p.Met294Arg) variant in HOXA11 (NM_005523.6) gene. The variant was located in the homeodomain of HOXA11 and predicted to alter DNA‐binding ability of the protein. In silico analyses indicated that the variant could promote the alterations in the protein–protein interaction. The possible functional effect of the variant was supposed as dominant‐negative. Hoxa11‐mutant mice have been reported to exhibit homeotic transformations in the thoracic and sacral vertebrae, zeugopodal phenotype in forelimb and hindlimb, and urogenital abnormalities. Although mice models were reported as mesomelic dysplasia and urogenital abnormalities (MDUGA), this phenotype has not yet been reported in humans. This was the first case with MDUGA putatively related to a de novo variant in HOXA11.