bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change under Climate Change on a Lake System
Authors: GUNACTI Mert Can , GUL Gülay ONUSLUEL , CETINKAYA Cem Polat , GUL Ali , BARBAROS Filiz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Persistent pressures that relate to nonstationary climate variations and land use/cover changes (LULCC) keep affecting water resources and their associated environmental services with increasing impact trends worldwide. Lake Marmara, located in Gediz River Basin in Western Turkey, is already considered among the environmentally degraded water resources while counted with a priority wetland due to historical habitats and ecosystem functions. The region is remarkably threatened to its extinction under the combined impacts of both climate and LULCC related concerns. While intensive agricultural practices around the region deplete the lake's inflow sources, low levels of the lake water provide breeding ground for various algae types and cause eutrophication and related massive fish population decreases, in a way restricting local communities' access to fundamental ecosystem services for their survivability. The study investigates the effects of LULCC in the example of Lake Marmara in an environmental scope and provides water balance modelling that is utilized to help examine hydrologic conditions of the lake. Future LULCC and water balance projections are also incorporated to evaluate probable views in near future ahead with the main target of providing a valuable tool for the decision and policy making processes.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients: long-term results.
Authors: Valeriani Maurizio , Staso Mario Di , Facondo Giuseppe , Vullo Gianluca , De Sanctis Vitaliana , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Pagliuca Milena Di Genesio , Osti Mattia Falchetto , Binfili Pierluigi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate survival and toxicities outcomes in a series of patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (HyRT) + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with or without image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and to investigate the impact of different variables.Methods: This is a multi-centric study. From January 2005 and December 2019, we treated 313 intermediate risk Pca patients (T2b–T2c or Gleason Score 7 or pre-treatment PSA 10 to 20 ng/mL) with HyRT. Patients received 54,75 Gy in 15 fraction in 5 weeks plus 9 months of neo-adjuvant, concomitant and adjuvant ADT with or without IGRT.Results: Median follow-up was 91.6 months (range 5.1-167.8 months). Median OS was not reached, the 8 and 10-year OS were 81.9 % and 72.4%, respectively. Median CSS was not reached, the 8 and 10-year CSS were 97.9 % and 94.5%, respectively. PSA at first follow-up <0.8 ng/ml was significantly related to better oncological outcomes (CSS, bRFS, LRFS, cPFS, MFS) in both univariate and multivariate analysis. After PS matching Grade 2-3 acute and cumulative late GU (p=0.153 and p=0.581, respectively) and GI (p=0.196 and p=0.925, respectively) toxicity were not statistically different in patients treated with or without IGRT.Conclusions: HyRT is effective and safe regardless of the use of the IGRT. PSA at first follow-up is an easy-accessible prognostic factor that may help the clinicians to identify patients who necessitate a treatment intensification.
Evidence of seasonal changes in air quality and occupation-specific variations in pulmonary function and haematological parameters among some workers in Enugu Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Ativie Rita Nkechi , Ibeneme Georgian Chiaka , Myezwa Hellen , Ezuma Amarachi Destiny , Nnamani Amaka , Ezeofor Salome , Nwankwo Maduabuchukwu Joseph , Ettu Theresa Ucheoma , Nwosu Akachukwu Omumuagwaula , Okoye Ifeoma , Fortwengel Gerhard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Upsurge in cardiopulmonary dysfunctions in Enugu, Nigeria, involved mainly cement workers, automobile spray painters, woodworkers, and civil servants (cleaners) and was worsened in the dry season, suggesting the need for an occupation-specific characterization of the disease features and seasonal evaluation of air quality for prevention and management.
Methods
We conducted a randomized cross-sectional study of eighty consenting participants (in Achara Layout, Enugu), comprising 20 cement workers (39.50 ± 14.95years), 20 automobile painters (40.75 ± 9.85years), 20 woodworkers (52.20 ± 9.77years), and 20 cleaners (42.30 ± 9.06years). The air quality, some hematological (fibrinogen-Fc, and C-reactive protein-CRP), and cardiopulmonary parameters were measured and analyzed using ANCOVA, at p < 0.05.
Results
The dry season particulate matter (PM) in ambient air exceeded the WHO standards in the New layout [PM10 = 541.17 ± 258.72µg.m− 3; PM2.5=72.92 ± 25.81µg.m− 3] and the university campus [PM10 = 244 ± 74.79µg.m− 3 ; PM2.5=30.33 ± 16.10µg.m− 3], but the former was twice higher. The PM differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the sites. Forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1) (F = 6.128, p = 0.001), and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (F = 5.523, p = 0.002), differed significantly across the groups. FEV1/FVC% was < 70% in cement workers (55.33%) and woodworkers (61.79%), unlike, automobile painters (72.22%) and cleaners (70.66%). FEV1 and work duration were significantly and negatively related in cement workers (r=-0.46, r2 = 0.2116, p = 0.041, one-tailed). CRP (normal range ≤ 3.0mg/L) and FC (normal range-1.5-3.0g/L) varied in cement workers (3.32 ± 0.93mg/L versus 3.01 ± 0.85g/L), automobile painters (2.90 ± 1.19mg/L versus 2.54 ± 0.99g/), woodworkers (2.79 ± 1.10mg/L versus 2.37 ± 0.92g/L) and cleaners (3.06 ± 0.82mg/L versus 2.54 ± 0.70g/L).
Conclusion(s):
Poor air quality was evident at the study sites, especially in the dry season. Cement workers and spray painters showed significant risks of obstructive pulmonary diseases while woodworkers had restrictive lung diseases. Cement workers and cleaners recorded the highest risk of coronary heart disease (CRP ≥ 3.0mg/L). The similarity in Fc and CRP trends suggests a role for the inflammation-sensitive proteins in the determination of cardiovascular risk in cement workers and cleaners. Therefore, there are occupation-specific disease endpoints of public health interest that likewise warrant specific preventive and management approaches among the workers.
Assessment of mineralization and developmental stage of homologues mandibular first and second molars using panoramic radiographs and Demirjian's method in 5 to 12 years old children
Authors: Shamsi Aria , Esmaili Sara , Ashtiani Gelareh Haghi , Mokhtari Nasim , Mahmudi Samira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Assessment of dental developmental stage is more valuable than tooth eruption because the duration of tooth eruption is short and is determined by the appearance of tooth in the oral cavity. Among the different methods that could be used to determine the developmental stage of teeth, the Demirjian’s method has been extensively applied. This study aimed to assess the developmental stage of homologous mandibular first and second molars in 5 to 12-year olds using the Demirjian’s method.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 panoramic radiographs of 5 to 12-year-old Iranians obtained from the Radiology Department of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to April 2020. The developmental stage of homologous mandibular first and second molars teeth were scored based on Demirjian’s stages. The observers were first calibrated for use of the Demirjian’s method and then the inter- and intra-examiner reliability and the respective kappa values were calculated after observing 300 panoramic radiographs. The radiographs were assessed twice with a one-month interval. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: Significant difference was noted in the developmental stage of the first and second molars in the right and left side among the different age groups. According to the results, there was not a significant difference in the developmental stage of the first molars in right and left side between two genders while the difference in this regard between the mandibular right and left second molars between two genders was significant. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the development of the first and second molars in the right and left side between the four distributed age groups for each gender.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, evolution of mandibular first and second molar is not an appropriate indicator for gender segregation in children under 12 years old, but it can be used in ages estimation. Therefore, it can be concluded that gender is an impactful factor on the growth process of the second molar on the left and right in this age group.
Extreme indices of temperature and precipitation in South America: trends and intercomparison of regional climate models.
Authors: Lagos-Zúñiga Miguel A. , Balmaceda-Huarte Rocío , Regoto Pedro , Torrez Limbert , Olmo Matías , Lyra André , Pareja-Quispe David , Bettolli María Laura 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Regional Climate Models (RCMs) provide climate information required for the evaluation of vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation at finer scales than their global driving models. As they explicitly resolve the basic conservation and state equations, they solve physics with more detail, conserving teleconnection of larger scales provided by GCMs. In South America (SA), the regional simulations have been historically evaluated principally on climatological aspects, but the representativeness of extremes still needs a deeper assessment. This study aims to analyze three RCMs driven by different GCMs: RegCM4-7, REMO2015, and Eta in the CORDEX SA region with focus on their capacity to reproduce extreme ETCCDI historical indices of daily precipitation and extreme temperature. Rx5day, CDD, TXx, and TNn were evaluated regarding the historical spatio-temporal variability and trends and climate change projections for the 2071–2099 period in the RCP8.5 were provided. The historical behavior of RCMs (1981–2005) was compared with two gridded products: CPC and Agrometeorological indicators derived from ERA5 reanalysis, previously compared with records from meteorological stations to assess potential observational biases. The results show that the highest observational uncertainty is observed in the regions with more scarce surface stations (North and West of SA) and with complex topography, being more pronounced in the precipitation-based indices. We found that RCMs generally show more agreement in the spatial variability than in the inter-annual variability for all the indices and SA regions. When analyzing the observed trends, all models better reproduce the long term variability of extreme temperature indices. More disagreement is present for Rx5day and CDD indices trends, including substantial spatial heterogeneities in both magnitude and sign of tendency. Climate change projections exhibited significant agreement to warmer conditions in TXx and TNn, but precipitation signals differed between RCMs and the driving GCM within each regional model. Maximum dry spells are expected to increase in almost all SA regions whereas the climate change signals in extreme precipitation events are more consistent over southeastern SA (northern and southwestern SA) with positive (negative) changes by the end of the century.
Melatonin reverted apoptosis induced by chicken house PM2.5 in A549 cell via oxidation resistance
Authors: Dai Pengyuan , Shen Jiakun , Shen Dan , Li Xiaotong , Li chunmei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from the chicken production system attaching large amounts of harmful substances and microbes, can cause lung injury and reduce productivity through prolonged breath. Here, the basal epithelial cell of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cell) were subjected to PM2.5 from the broiler breeding house to investigate the apoptosis induced by PM2.5 as well as the anti-apoptotic effect of melatonin. The data showed that PM2.5 (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/ml) increased the number of apoptotic cells substantially. The relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bad, Bax, PERK and CHOP increased dramatically in PM2.5 treated groups. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure upregulated the level of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related protein including ATF6 and CHOP. Melatonin increased the viability of A549 cells and declined the relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 in comparison with that exposed to PM2.5. Importantly, melatonin decreased the level of Nrf2, MDA, and enhanced the intracellular content of T-SOD and CAT after treatment by PM2.5. Collectively, our study proved that PM2.5 from chicken house induced A549 cell apoptosis, and melatonin exerted an anti-apoptotic role on A549 cells by enhancing their antioxidative ability.
FSTL1 Promotes Alveolar epithelial cells Aging and Worsens Pulmonary Fibrosis by Affecting SENP1-Mediated DeSUMOylation
Authors: Sun Wei , Yang Xiaoyu , Duan Chunyan , Jing Xiaoyan , Gao Lingyun , Huang Hui , Guo Lu , Yang Yang , Xu Zuojun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) senescence-induced changes of lung mesenchymal cells are the key link to starting the progress of pulmonary fibrosis. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central regulatory role in the complex process of senescence and pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) signal pathway activity. Activation of Smad4 and Ras rely on SENP1 (SUMO-specific peptidase 1)-mediated deSUMOylation during TGFβ signaling pathway activation. We hypothesized that SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation may be a potential therapeutic target by modulating FSTL1-regulated cellular senescence in pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods
Lung tissues of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients were used to observe the expression of FSTL1 in and SENP1 in AECs senescence. Lentivirus-packaged short hairpin RNA against SENP1 (LV-SENP1shRNA) was constructed to intervene in FSTL1-induced aging model both in vitro and in vivo. The phenomenon of FSTL1 promoting AECs senescence was evaluated and the mechanism of LV-SENP1shRNA affecting FSTL1 promoting pulmonary fibrosis was elucidated.
Results
FSTL1 expression was upregulated in the lung tissues of patients with IPF and that SENP1 was overexpressed in senescent AECs. TGFβ1-induced FSTL1 not only promoted AECs senescence, but also upregulated SENP1 expression. Interfering SENP1 expression inhibited FSTL1 promotion of AECs senescence and improved pulmonary fibrosis in mouse lungs. FSTL1 enhancement of TGFβ1 signaling pathway activation was dependent on SENP1 in AECs senescence.
Conclusions
Our work identified a novel mechanism by which FSTL1 is involved in AECs senescence. Inhibition of SENP1 in epithelial cells alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by blocking FSTL1-enhanced TGF signaling pathway.
Interlaminar microstructure and mechanical properties of narrow gap laser welding of 40-mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Liu Xing , Ling Wanli , Li Yue , Wang Jianfeng , Zhan Xiaohong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Narrow gap laser welding (NGLW) is a common solution for the welding of thick structures. NGLW was carried out on narrow-gap butt joints of 40-mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates with U-shaped groove. The distribution characteristics of interlaminar microstructure in different height ranges of the joint were investigated, and the evolution behavior and formation mechanism of interlaminar microstructure of the joint were also clarified. It is found that a large number of short needle martensite nucleate and grow up near the fusion line and the upper boundary of the remelting zone. The “softening” phenomenon occurs in all welds except the cover layer weld. The microstructure evolution and defect migration induced by multiple welding thermal cycles in the upper weld forming process are the main reasons for the "softening" of the lower weld. The tensile strength of each sample changes in the range of 920 ~ 990 MPa and the fracture mode of the sample belongs to transgranular ductile fracture. In addition, compared with the upper part of the joint, the plasticity and toughness of the weld area in the lower part of the joint is improved.
Rab26 restricts insulin secretion via sequestering Synaptotagmin-1
Authors: Zhuang Ruijuan , Zhou Yuxia , Wang Ziyan , Cao Yating , Xu Liju , Ren Yandan , Zheng Yige , Wei Ziheng , Chen Jun , Qiu Hantian , Li Liangcheng , Han Yang , Yun Ye , Chen Xin , Hong Wanjin , Wang Tuanlao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rab26 is known to regulate multiple membrane trafficking events, but its role in insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cells remains unclear despite it was first identified in the pancreas. In this study, we generated Rab26−/− mice through CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Surprisingly, insulin levels in the blood of the Rab26−/− mice do not decrease upon glucose stimulation, but conversely increases. Deficiency of Rab26 promotes insulin secretion, which was independently verified by Rab26 knockdown in pancreatic β-cells. Conversely, over-expression of Rab26 suppresses insulin secretion in both β-cell lines and isolated mouse islets. Islets over-expressing Rab26, upon transplantation, also failed to restore glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic mice. Immuno-fluorescence microscopy revealed that over-expression of Rab26 results in clustering of insulin granules. GST-pulldown experiments reveal Rab26 interacts with synaptotagmin-1(Syt1) through directly binding to its C2A domain. This interaction interferes with the interaction between Syt1 and SNAP25. TIRF microscopy revealed Rab26 inhibits the exocytosis of newcomer insulin granules. Our results suggest that Rab26 serves as a negative regulator of insulin secretion, via suppressing insulin granule fusion with plasma membrane through sequestering Syt1.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis and virtual screening of ripped fruit of Dialium guineense for potential inhibitors of integrase, cycloxygenase-1, and xanthine oxidase
Authors: Aja Patrick Maduabuchi , Agu Peter Chinedu , Ale Boniface Anthony , Awoke Joshua Nonso , Ogwoni Hilary Akobi , Muhammad Akram , Ekpono Ezebuilo Ugbala , Igwenyi Ikechuku Okorie , Ogbu Patience N , Ibiam Udu Ama , Ifie Josiah Esoghene , Etumah Sandra Ifie , Aboyomi Emmanuel Adegboyega , Muhammad Daniyal , Ezeh Emmanuel Maduabuchi , Ani Onyedika Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dialium guineense has a long history of medicinal use. This study evaluated the chemical constituents of the fruits using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and virtual screening for potential inhibitors of three enzymes, integrase, cycloxygenase-1, and xanthine oxidase, to identify some of their therapeutic targets via bioinformatics tools. The results of the GC-MS revealed seventeen chemical constituents: 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (DG1), 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (DG2), 5-Hydrxoymethylfurfural or 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (DG3), 4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenol (DG4), 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (DG5), Lauric acid (DG6), Ethyl 5-methylnonanoate (DG7), Myristic acid, methyl ester (DG8), n-Tridecanoic acid methyl ester (DG9), Methyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (DG10), Palmitic acid, ethyl ester (DG11), Undecanoic acid (DG12), Stearic acid, ethyl ester (DG13), cis-11-Hexadecenal (DG14), 2-chloro-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-N-(2methylpropyl)benzamide (DG15), Butyl-5-oxo-1-(trifluoroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (DG16), and Glutaric acid, decylpentafluorobenzyl ester (DG17). Fifteen of these compounds, already deposited in the ChemSpider database, were retrieved and screened. Standard inhibitors of the enzymes validated the molecular docking. Only DG compounds that bind at the same site with the inhibitors were considered the potential enzyme inhibitors. DG1-17 demonstrated promising inhibition for at least one of the enzymes. The results also showed that DG1, 7, 11, 12, and 17 are integrase inhibitors, and DG1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 12 are cycloxygenase-1 inhibitors, while DG1, 3, and 9 are xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The potential inhibitors' drug-likeness and ADMET properties revealed that DG11 and DG17 violated one of the Lipinski rules of five. All the Dialium guineense compounds showed good physiological and pharmacokinetic properties and were neither promiscuous to cytochrome p450 nor p-glycoprotein enzymes. Except for DG3, others are toxic to at least one of the organs, endocrines, and genomics. Our findings show that biologically active compounds may be responsible for the ethnomedical and nutritional uses of the fruits. Although some constituents have toxic effects, potential inhibitors can be optimized and synthesized as analogs of these standard inhibitors used in their chemotherapeutic targets.
Effects of 60 days of 6 degrees head down bed rest on the composition and function of the human gut microbiota
Authors: Liu Zizhong , Li Yixuan , Luo Gui , Lan Haiyun , Chen Pu , Du Ruikai , Jing Gongchao , Liu Lu , Cui Xiaohan , LI Yongzhi , Han Yanping , Xu Jian , Zhu Hongwei , Ling Shukuan , Li Yingxian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spaceflight is rigorous and dangerous environment which can negatively affect astronauts’ health and the entire mission. Recently studies showed that the human gut microbiota were enormously affected by spaceflight. The 60 days of 6 degrees head down bed rest(HDBR) experiment provided us with an opportunity to trace the change of gut microbiota under simulated microgravity. The gut microbiota of volunteers was analyzed and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Our results showed that the composition and function of the volunteers’ gut microbiota were markedly affected by 60 days of 6 degrees HDBR. We further confirmed the species and diversity fluctuations. Resistance and virulence genes in the gut microbiota were also affected by 60 days of 6 degrees HDBR, but the species attributions remained stable. The human gut microbiota affected by 60 days of 6 degrees HDBR which was partially consistent with the effect of spaceflight, implying that HDBR can be used as the spaceﬂight simulation model in terms of gut microbiota.
Identification and Characterization of Sticky Contaminants in Multiple Recycled Paper Grades
Authors: Wang Yun , Marcello Cornellius , Sawant Neha , Salam Abdus , Abubakr Said , Qi Dewei , Li Kecheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Organic sticky contaminants represent one of the biggest technical challenges in the paper recycling process. These contaminants reduce paper strength, cause plugging of wires and felts, and stick to or deposit on machine parts affecting the runnability of the paper machine. The removal of these sticky contaminants is difficult to achieve along the process due to the heterogeneous nature of these organic contaminants. In this study, the nature of sticky contaminants in multiple wastepaper grades was analyzed and characterized using screening, solvent extraction with subsequent analysis such as FT-IR, GC-MS, and SEM. The content of stickies in wastepaper varies among different paper grades and their recovery methods. The majority of wastepaper grades collected from a recycled paper mill contains 3–5 wt% stickies, while a sample from a curb side collection from a residential area contains about 15 wt% stickies. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) polymers, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), paraffin waxes and polyamines are the major components in the extracted sticky contaminants. In addition, these stickies deposit heavily on fibers surface leading to high negative charge in fibers suspension ranging between 2 ~ 4.5 µeq/L. It is expected that these findings will assist addressing the knowledge gaps in understanding the nature of stickies and their behaviors, and to eventually develop highly efficient technologies for contamination removal in the paper recycling process.