bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Paradoxical Embolism or Epiphenomenon?
Authors: Das Ankita , Greisman Jacob D. , Vazquez Sima , Feldstein Eric , Spirollari Eris , Lui Aiden , Yang Katie , Dominguez Jose F. , Epelbaum Oleg , Harris Kassem , Patel Neisha , Chong Ji , Mayer Stephan , Gandhi Chirag , Al‐Mufti Fawaz 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are pathological connections between arterial and venous circulations in the lung. The anomalous channel provides a conduit for emboli of venous origin to migrate paradoxically. With access to systemic circulation, thromboembolic processes such as deep vein thrombosis may increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents such as acute ischemic strokes (AIS). This retrospective cross‐sectional study aims to characterize the contribution of PAVMs to the development of AIS in the setting of thromboembolic processes.MethodsThe 2010 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients with PAVM and AIS usingInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision(ICD‐9;ICD‐10) codes. Baseline demographics and outcomes of interest, including complications and hospitalization metrics, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOf 7 465 187 patients treated for an AIS, 1 864 (0.02%) were found to have a concomitant PAVM. Multivariate regression found patients with AIS‐PAVM were more likely to be aged <65 years and less likely to have traditional stroke risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, or smoking. Furthermore, in propensity‐matched analysis, patients with AIS‐PAVM were more likely to experience thrombosis‐related pathologies and vascular complications. Patients with AIS‐PAVM were also more likely to receive a mechanical thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis, yet the mortality between those with PAVMs and those without did not differ significantly. Still, patients with AIS‐PAVM incurred significantly prolonged stays in the hospital and increased total charges.ConclusionGiven the relative rarity of PAVMs, a high index of suspicion, especially in the setting of deep vein thrombosis, is necessary to identify this condition in a timely manner when evaluating cryptogenic AIS. Abnormal right‐to‐left shunting through pulmonary vasculature may serve as a conduit for the translation of a deep vein thrombosis paradoxically into a distal occlusion of cerebral arteries. Our findings substantiate that AIS may follow a vastly different disease process in patients with PAVM.
Confluence and Implications of Cats, Coyotes, and Other Mesopredators at a Feral Cat Feeding Station
Authors: Mitchell Numi C. , Strohbach Michael W. , Sorlien Mariel N. , Marshall Scott N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is promoted as a “humane” alternative to lethal methods for population control of feral domestic cats (Felis catus). This paper explores feedbacks between feral domestic cats, coyotes (Canis latrans), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) at a TNR feral cat colony in Rhode Island, USA. A total of 12,272 photographs from a motion-activated camera were analyzed. Cat population size and visitation frequency of wildlife were estimated during three different feeding regimes. Abundant food on the ground was associated with increased wildlife visits, while elevated or limited food was associated with decreased wildlife visits. During the two-year study period, the population of cats dropped from 17 to 12 individuals and the cats appeared to have short life spans, which could have been due to predation by coyotes. Our results suggest that wildlife confluence and predation risks can be influenced by feeding regime.
Seasonality of MJO Impacts on Precipitation Extremes over the Western United States
Authors: Wang Jiabao , DeFlorio Michael J. , Guan Bin , Castellano Christopher M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is a unique type of organized tropical convection varying primarily on subseasonal time scales and is recognized as an important source of subseasonal predictability for midlatitude weather phenomena. This study provides observational evidence of MJO impacts on precipitation extreme intensity, frequency, and duration over the western United States. The results suggest a robust increase in precipitation extremes, especially in frequency, relative to climatological conditions over most of the western United States when the MJO is in its western Pacific phases during the extended boreal winter (October–March). Opposite changes are observed when the MJO is located over the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent. The above MJO influence is characterized by strong seasonality, with the increase in extreme frequency mainly found in late autumn/early winter (OND) over California and a weaker or opposite response found in late winter (JFM). Also, MJO impacts have stronger regional consistency and persist for a longer time in OND compared to JFM. The seasonality of MJO impacts largely originates from the different amplitudes and patterns of both the MJO and basic states that are weaker and located/retreated more northwestward in OND than in JFM. This leads to different responses in MJO teleconnections including moisture transport and AR activity that contribute to the different precipitation extreme changes. The strong seasonality of the relationship between the MJO and western U.S. extreme precipitation shown in this study has implications to the source of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions, which has a potential value to stakeholders including water resource managers.
Costs of Providing Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention at Community Health Centers in the United States
Authors: Shrestha Ram K. , Davis Nicholas , Coleman Megan , Rusie Laura K. , Smith Dawn K. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for people at risk of acquiring HIV. We assessed billable costs associated with PrEP delivery at community health centers. Methods: The Sustainable Health Center Implementation PrEP Pilot (SHIPP) study is an observational cohort of people receiving daily oral PrEP at participating federally qualified health centers and other community health centers. We assessed health care utilization and billable costs of providing PrEP at 2 health centers, 1 in Chicago, Illinois, and 1 in Washington, DC, from 2014 to 2018. The health centers followed the clinical practice guidelines for PrEP provision, including regular visits with health care providers and ongoing laboratory monitoring. Using clinic billing records and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding, we retrospectively extracted data on the frequency and costs (in 2017 US dollars) of PrEP clinic visits and laboratory screening, for each patient, for 12 months since first PrEP prescription. Results: The average annual number of PrEP clinic visits and associated laboratory screens per patient was 5.1 visits and 25.2 screens in Chicago (n = 482 patients) and 5.4 visits and 24.8 screens in Washington, DC (n = 56 patients). The average annual PrEP billable cost per patient was $583 for clinic visits and $1070 for laboratory screens in Chicago and $923 for clinic visits and $1018 for laboratory screens in Washington, DC. The average annual total cost per patient was $1653 (95% CI, $1639-$1668) in Chicago and $1941 (95% CI, $1811-$2071) in Washington, DC. Conclusions: Our analysis, which provides PrEP billable cost estimates based on empirical data, may help inform health care providers who are considering implementing this HIV prevention strategy.
Objective and self-perceived lower limb weakness in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alonso-Juarez Marlene , Fekete Robert , Baizabal-Carvallo José Fidel 
Published: November 2022

Background: Lower limb weakness is a long-recognized symptom in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), described by James Parkinson in his seminal report on ‘paralysis agitans’. However, little is known on the frequency, clinical correlations, and association with objective decrease in muscle strength in such patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of objective and perceived lower limb weakness in patients with PD. Methods: We studied 90 consecutive patients with PD and 52 age-matched controls. We recorded clinical and demographic variables, as well as perceived weakness and allied abnormal lower limb sensations, including ‘heavy legs’, ‘fatigued legs’, and ‘pain’. Symptoms consistent with restless legs syndrome were not considered. Lower limb strength was determined in both legs by means of the Medical Research Council scale, dynamometric (leg flexion) and weighting machine (leg pressure) measures. Results: Weakness and allied abnormal lower limb sensations were reported in 69% of patients with PD and 21% of healthy controls. Patients with PD had decreased leg pressure compared with healthy controls ( p = 0.002). Among patients with PD, an association between perceived leg weakness (and allied sensations) and gait freezing ( p = 0.001) was observed in the multivariate regression analysis; however, these variables only explained 30.4% of the variance. Moreover, PD patients with and without abnormal lower limb sensations had similar muscle strength by objective measurements. Conclusion: Perceived lower limb weakness and allied abnormal sensations are common in patients with PD. However, there is a dissociation between perceived weakness and objective muscle strength in the lower limbs. These abnormal sensations were mostly related to gait freezing but a causal association is questionable.
Natural killer T cells and other innate-like T lymphocytes as emerging platforms for allogeneic cancer cell therapy
Authors: Courtney Amy N. , Tian Gengwen , Metelitsa Leonid S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have achieved major clinical success in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, these treatments remain largely ineffective for solid cancers and require significant time and resources to be manufactured in an autologous setting. Developing alternative immune effector cells as cancer immunotherapy agents that can be employed in allogeneic settings is crucial for the advancement of cell therapy. Unlike T cells, Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) are not alloreactive and can therefore be generated from allogeneic donors for rapid infusion into numerous patients without the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Additionally, NKT cells demonstrate inherent advantages over T-cell products, including the ability to traffic to tumor tissues, target tumor-associated macrophages, transactivate NK cells, and cross-prime tumor-specific CD8 T cells. Both unmodified NKTs, which specifically recognize CD1d-bound glycolipid antigens expressed by certain types of tumors, and CAR-redirected NKTs are being developed as the next generation of allogeneic cell therapy products. In this review, we describe studies on the biology of NKTs and other types of innate-like T cells and summarize the clinical experiences of unmodified and CAR-redirected NKTs, including recent interim reports on allogeneic NKTs.
Informing about the invisible: communicating en route air pollution and noise exposure to cyclists and pedestrians using focus groups
Authors: Marquart Heike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActive mobility and public transport are considered beneficial for health and wellbeing and valuable for climate change mitigation. However, cyclists and pedestrians have high air pollution and noise exposure alongside traffic, which adversely impact health and wellbeing. The measured exposure can differ from the perceived exposure, hence, communicating en route exposure is crucial. Therefore, this study investigates how to communicate route-based exposure to cyclists and pedestrians and explores if exposure communication, e.g. via smartphones, is worthwhile for healthy and pleasant commute. It is investigated how exposure feedback influences the motivation to protect oneself and how exposure information should be designed. Three focus groups with 20 cyclists/pedestrians living in Berlin, Germany, were conducted. Based on Protection Motivation Theory and Environmental Health Literacy concept, (1) experiences and practices after recognizing exposure were discussed and (2) information needs and communication strategies were developed. The results reveal a feeling of helplessness regarding the ubiquity and uncertainty of pollution and a heightened threat appraisal. Anger, anxiety and rejection were stated. Making sense of pollution levels and protective alternatives were central. A healthy routing app, including also pleasant route factors, was desired. However, information provision was also denied. Participants argued the responsibility should not be left to the commuters and planning for exposed road users would be crucial. Information provision may not be worthwhile if planning authorities do not provide healthy alternatives. People-centered approaches for tackling air pollution and noise exposure en route should be investigated further.
Phylogenetic analysis and stress response of the plant U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein B″ gene family
Authors: Gao Cong , Lu Shuai , Zhou Rong , Ding Junjie , Fan Jialiang , Han Binying , Chen Moxian , Wang Baohua , Cao Yunying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlternative splicing (AS) is an important channel for gene expression regulation and protein diversification, in addition to a major reason for the considerable differences in the number of genes and proteins in eukaryotes. In plants, U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein B″ (U2B″), a component of splicing complex U2 snRNP, plays an important role in AS. Currently, few studies have investigated plant U2B″, and its mechanism remains unclear.ResultPhylogenetic analysis, including gene and protein structures, revealed that U2B″ is highly conserved in plants and typically contains two RNA recognition motifs. Subcellular localisation showed that OsU2B″ is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating that it has broad functions throughout the cell. Elemental analysis of the promoter region showed that it responded to numerous external stimuli, including hormones, stress, and light. Subsequent qPCR experiments examining response to stress (cold, salt, drought, and heavy metal cadmium) corroborated the findings. The prediction results of protein–protein interactions showed that its function is largely through a single pathway, mainly through interaction with snRNP proteins.ConclusionU2B″ is highly conserved in the plant kingdom, functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and participates in a wide range of processes in plant growth and development.
Comparative genomics to examine the endophytic potential of Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734
Authors: Sulja Arburon , Pothier Joël F. , Blom Jochen , Moretti Chiaraluce , Buonaurio Roberto , Rezzonico Fabio , Smits Theo H. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPantoea agglomeransDAPP-PG 734 was isolated as endophyte from knots (tumors) caused byPseudomonas savastanoipv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722 in olive trees. To understand the plant pathogen-endophyte interaction on a genomic level, the whole genome ofP. agglomeransDAPP-PG 734 was sequenced and annotated. The complete genome had a total size of 5′396′424 bp, containing one circular chromosome and four large circular plasmids. The aim of this study was to identify genomic features that could play a potential role in the interaction betweenP. agglomeransDAPP-PG 734 andP. savastanoipv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722. For this purpose, a comparative genomic analysis between the genome ofP. agglomeransDAPP-PG 734 and those of relatedPantoeaspp. was carried out. InP. agglomeransDAPP-PG 734, gene clusters for the synthesis of the Hrp-1 type III secretion system (T3SS), type VI secretion systems (T6SS) and autoinducer, which could play an important role in a plant-pathogenic community enhancing knot formation in olive trees, were identified. Additional gene clusters for the biosynthesis of two different antibiotics, namely dapdiamide E and antibiotic B025670, which were found in regions between integrative conjugative elements (ICE), were observed. The in-depth analysis of the whole genome suggested a characterization of theP. agglomeransDAPP-PG 734 isolate as endophytic bacterium with biocontrol activity rather than as a plant pathogen.
Correlation between galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin and prognosis of patients with acute onset of chronic heart failure
Authors: Yao Lingling , Tan Yanjie , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by a high hospitalization rate and a high mortality rate. It is particularly important to identify biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF.

Purpose
To observe the correlation between galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin and the prognosis of patients with acute onset of CHF.

Methods
The study included 92 patients with acute onset of CHF who received treatment at our hospital between August 2020 and December 2021. After treatment, the patients were divided into the effective group and the non-effective group based on the effectiveness of treatment. The levels of galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin before and after treatment were compared between the two groups and the correlation between prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF and galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin was observed.

Results
The effective rate was 71.74% (66/92) and the ineffective rate was 28.26% (26/92) in the 92 patients with acute attack of CHF in the study. Before and after treatment, the levels of galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, and HS were lower in the effective group than those of the non-effective group while the level of ferritin was higher in the effective group than that of the non-effective group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF was positively correlated with galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, and HS (r = 0.217, 0.109, 0.376, 0.765, P = 0.026, 0.032, 0.021, 0.006), and negatively correlated with ferritin (r = − 0.127, P = 0.037). The independent variables were galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin and the dependent variable was prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that alectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS, and ferritin were protective factors for the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. The independent variables were galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin, dependent variables and the dependent variable was prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that galectin-3, RDW, and Hepc were risk factors of the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF.

Conclusion
Galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin were closely related with the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF and galectin-3, RDW, and Hepc were risk factors of the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF.
Association between changes in depressive symptoms and hip fracture among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lian Zhiwei , Zhu Chunsu , Yuan Haowen , Wang Jianmin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Although studies have shown that depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (HF). Depressive symptoms are dynamic, and it is unclear whether HF risk persists if depressive symptoms remit. This study aims to examine the associations between changes in depressive symptoms and HF risk.

Methods
Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studied Depression scale (cutoff ≥ 10). Changes in depressive symptoms were classified into four groups by two successive surveys (stable low/no, recent-onset, recently remitted, and stable high depressive symptoms). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess whether changes in depressive symptoms were associated with HF incidents reported through 2018, adjusting for age, sex, educational level, marital status and other potential confounding factors.

Results
In total, 8574 participants were included, 265 (3.1%) of whom had reported HF incidents in the subsequent 5-year period. Participants with recent-onset (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.40–2.77) or stable high (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.53–3.02) symptoms had a higher risk of HF than those with stable low/no depressive symptoms, whereas those with improved depressive symptoms (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.89–1.82) had no elevation in HF risk.

Conclusion
Stable high and recent-onset depressive symptoms were associated with increased HF risk, and no elevated HF risk was observed if symptoms remitted, suggesting that strategies to reduce depressive symptoms may be beneficial for HF prevention.
Description and comparison of postoperative functioning of patients with hip fracture 2018 and 2008 at the Örebro University Hospital - a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Hammer Amanda , Ljungberg Katarina , Bohman Tony , Andersson Åsa G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures are a global problem, and it will probably increase. Hip fractures impair health aspects which creates demands on postoperative care. This study describes and compares patients with hip fracture in 2008 and in 2018. An increased knowledge of this group could be a basis how to optimize aftercare and dimension rehabilitation.

Methods
Using a comparative cross-sectional study to describe and compare patients with hip fracture from 2018 and 2008 at Örebro University Hospital regarding age, sex, multimorbidity, fracture type, surgical materials, surgery within 24 hours, length of stay, postoperative walking ability, physical activity level and hand grip strength. Data was collected from 76 patients with hip fracture from 2018 and 78 patients from 2008. Outcome measures considering functioning were walking ability (Functional Ambulation Categories), physical activity level (Classification system of physical activity) and hand grip strength (Jamar hand dynamometer). Statistical analyses used were hypothesis tests and regressions analysis.

Results
No differences in age, sex, fracture type, proportion of surgery within 24 hours or length of stay between the cohorts. The cohort 2018 had more multimorbidity in number of diagnoses and ASA-classification preoperatively. In 2018 70% of the participants were dependent in walking ability (physical human support) compared to 43% 2008 (p = 0.007). Proportion of physically inactive was 9% in 2018 compared to 21% 2008 (p = 0.047). Hand grip strength was 5.1 kg better in 2018 (p = 0.011). Adjusted for age, sex, ASA-classification (American Society of Anaesthesiologists Classification System), surgical materials and number of days between surgery and testing the cohort of 2018 had a lower odds to have independent walking ability and higher odds to be physical active. Differences in hand grip strength decreased to 4.7 kg. Participants in 2018 suffered significantly more multimorbidity.

Conclusions
Study indicated differences in patients’ postoperative functioning between 2018 and 2008 with more impaired walking ability, more multimorbidity, higher proportion of physically active and better hand grip strength 2018. The results are important for future reasoning regarding care needs of patients with hip fracture.