bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software Application Profile: PXStools—an R package of tools for conducting exposure-wide analysis and deriving polyexposure risk scores
Authors: He Yixuan , Patel Chirag J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivationInvestigating the aggregate burden of environmental factors on human traits and diseases requires consideration of the entire ‘exposome’. However, current studies primarily focus on a single exposure or a handful of exposures at a time, without considering how multiple exposures may be simultaneously associated with each other or with the phenotype. Polyexposure risk scores (PXS) have been shown to predict and stratify risk for disease beyond or complementary to genetic and clinical risk. PXStools provides an analytical package to standardize exposome-wide studies as well as derive and validate polyexposure risk scores.ImplementationPXStools is a package for the statistical R.General featuresThe package allows users to (i) conduct exposure-wide association studies; (ii) derive and validate polyexposure risk scores with and without accounting for exposure interactions, using new approaches in regression modelling (hierarchical lasso);(iii) compare goodness of fit between models with and without multiple exposures; and (iv) visualize results. A data frame with a unique identifier, phenotype and exposures is needed as the only input. Various customizations are allowed including data preprocessing (removing missing or unwanted responses), covariates adjustment, multiple hypothesis correction and model specification (linear, logistic, survival).AvailabilityThe PXStools source code is freely available on Github at [https://github.com/yixuanh/PXStools].
Measures to resolve range anxiety in electric vehicle users
Authors: Shrestha Sirapa , Baral Bivek , Shah Malesh , Chitrakar Sailesh , Shrestha Bim P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is the key to emission reduction and energy efficiency improvement targets while decreasing the dependence on fossil fuel. Despite the fact that replacing conventional vehicle powered by internal combustion engine with EVs reduce greenhouse gas emissions, limited range of EVs has been leading their mass deployment towards saturation. This paper performs a scoping review of articles on range anxiety induced among EV users. It explores user’s perception and actual affecting factors on range of EVs, and proceeds on to measures suggested in the articles to mitigate range anxiety.
L-Series of Harmonic Maass Forms and a Summation Formula for Harmonic Lifts
Authors: Diamantis Nikolaos , Lee Min , Raji Wissam , Rolen Larry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce an $L$-series associated with harmonic Maass forms and prove their functional equations. We establish converse theorems for these $L$-series and, as an application, we formulate and prove a summation formula for the holomorphic part of a harmonic lift of a given cusp form.
Games on AF-Algebras
Authors: De Bondt Ben , Vaccaro Andrea , Veličković Boban , Vignati Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyze $\textrm {C}^{\ast }$-algebras, particularly AF-algebras, and their $K_{0}$-groups in the context of the infinitary logic $\mathcal {L}_{\omega _{1} \omega }$. Given two separable unital AF-algebras $A$ and $B$, and considering their $K_{0}$-groups as ordered unital groups, we prove that $K_{0}(A) \equiv _{\omega \cdot \alpha } K_{0}(B)$ implies $A \equiv _{\alpha } B$, where $M \equiv _{\beta } N$ means that $M$ and $N$ agree on all sentences of quantifier rank at most $\beta $. This implication is proved using techniques from Elliott’s classification of separable AF-algebras, together with an adaptation of the Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé game to the metric setting. We use moreover this result to build a family $\{ A_{\alpha } \}_{\alpha &lt; \omega _{1}}$ of pairwise non-isomorphic separable simple unital AF-algebras which satisfy $A_{\alpha } \equiv _{\alpha } A_{\beta }$ for every $\alpha &lt; \beta $. In particular, we obtain a set of separable simple unital AF-algebras of arbitrarily high Scott rank. Next, we give a partial converse to the aforementioned implication, showing that $A \otimes \mathcal {K} \equiv _{\omega + 2 \cdot \alpha +2} B \otimes \mathcal {K}$ implies $K_{0}(A) \equiv _{\alpha } K_{0}(B)$, for every unital $\textrm {C}^{\ast }$-algebras $A$ and $B$.
Structural insights into the rational design of a nanobody that binds with high affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike variant
Authors: Yamaguchi Keishi , Anzai Itsuki , Maeda Ryota , Moriguchi Maiko , Watanabe Tokiko , Imura Akihiro , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants associated with the adaptive evolution of the virus is prolonging the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The modification of neutralizing antibodies based on structural information is expected to be a useful approach to rapidly combat emerging variants. A dimerized variable domain of heavy chain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) P17 that has highly potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been reported but the mode of interaction with the epitope remains unclear. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of monomerized P17 bound to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and investigated the binding activity of P17 toward various variants of concern (VOCs) using kinetics measurements. The structure revealed details of the binding interface and showed that P17 had an appropriate linker length to have an avidity effect and recognize a wide range of RBD orientations. Furthermore, we identified mutations in known VOCs that decrease the binding affinity of P17 and proposed methods for the acquisition of affinity toward the Omicron RBD because Omicron is currently the most predominant VOC. This study provides information for the rational design of effective VHHs for emerging VOCs.
Crack propagation induced by a plane stress wave in a general anisotropic elastic material
Authors: Wu Kuang-Chong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The stress intensity factors of a semi-infinite crack propagating with constant speed in an anisotropic elastic solid under a uniform stress wave loading are considered. The crack is assumed to start propagating at some arbitrary time after an obliquely incident plane stress wave strikes the crack tip. It is shown that the stress intensity factor of the propagating crack has the form of the product of a universal matrix function of the crack speed and an equivalent stationary crack stress intensity factor of t*, which is the time that would have elapsed since the incident wavestruck the crack tip if the crack tip had been always at its instantaneous position. The present result is a generalization of that obtained by Freund for isotropic materials.
Analysis of high Reynolds free surface flows
Authors: Young D L , Lin Marvin C H , Tsai C C 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we will combine an upwind radial basis function-finite element with direct velocity–pressure formulation to study the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with free surface flows. We will examine this formulation in an improved mixed-order finite element and localized radial basis function method. A particle tracking method and the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian scheme will then be applied to simulate the two-dimensional high Reynolds free surface flows. An upwind improved finite element formulation based on a localized radial basis function differential quadrature (LRBFDQ) method is used to deal with high Reynolds number convection dominated flows. This study successfully obtained very high Reynolds number free surface flows, up to Re = 500 000. Finally, we will demonstrate and discuss the capability and feasibility of the proposed model by simulating two complex free surface flow problems: (1) a highly nonlinear free oscillation flow and (2) a large amplitude sloshing problem. Using even very coarse grids in all computing scenarios, we have achieved good results in accuracy and efficiency.
Knowledge about, acceptance of and willingness to use over-the-counter COVID-19 self-testing kits
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Abdulla Naseem Mohammed , Al Ani Mena , Habeb Mustafa , Shahwan Moyad , Jaber Ammar Ali Saleh , El-Dahiyat Faris , Jairoun Maimona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Early investments in new diagnostic technologies that allow for rapid and decentralized testing were critical in reducing SARS-CoV-2’s detrimental health and economic effects. This study evaluates public knowledge about, acceptance of and willingness to use COVID-19 self-testing kits.

Methods
An online descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire was used in this study. The final study population included all contacted national and resident adults, age 18 and over, who were willing to engage in the study. The survey was divided according to participants’ demographic information and 11 questions assessed the respondents’ understanding of and willingness to use COVID-19 self-testing kits. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the factors influencing respondents’ knowledge of and attitudes toward the acceptability of self-testing kits for COVID-19 and their willingness to use these kits.

Key findings
A total of 876 respondents participated in the study and completed the whole questionnaire. The average knowledge score on the acceptability of and willingness to use self-testing kits for COVID-19 was 70.2%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [69.1%, 71.4%]. Participants who were postgraduate, female and vaccinated against COVID-19, as well as employees and older participants, were jointly highly associated with higher levels of knowledge about, acceptance of and willingness to use self-testing kits for COVID-19. Moreover, participants who had been infected with COVID-19, were vaccinated against COVID-19 or were female, employees, older, Western or Arabic were jointly highly associated with positive attitudes about the acceptability of and willingness to use self-testing kits for COVID-19.

Conclusions
The majority of the respondents have acceptable levels of knowledge about, acceptance of and willingness to use self-testing kits for COVID-19. Nonetheless, future studies should consider the issues of pre- and post-test counselling, false negative results and the sale of unregulated testing kits. Additional information should be communicated so that people can make informed decisions and be protected from possible abuse of COVID-19 self-testing kits when they become available in pharmacies.
Evaluation of drug use pattern in adults’ outpatient clinics in a tertiary teaching hospital using WHO core prescribing indicators
Authors: Abu Farha Rana , Awwad Oriana , Abdurazaq Bashar , Abu Hammour Khawla , Akour Amal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study has evaluated the drug use pattern among adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital (JUH), by assessing the adherence of prescriptions to the World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted during the period from October 2011 to January 2022 at JUH. Several prescriptions from 10 different adult outpatient clinics were reviewed to evaluate hospital adherence to the five WHO core prescribing indicators.

Key findings
To assess the WHO core prescribing indicators, data for 2451 prescriptions were reviewed. Around one-third of the patients (33.4%) were receiving polypharmacy (five medications or more). Results revealed that two core prescribing indicators were not following the standard values specified by the WHO; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (3.8 medications/prescription), and the percentage of drugs from the essential drug list (EDL) (54.1%). Endocrine clinics showed the highest average of drugs (6.3) per prescription and the highest percentage of prescriptions with injectable medicines (51.7%). On the other hand, ophthalmology clinics showed the highest percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics (29.9%) and the lowest percentage of drugs prescribed from the EDL at JUH (14.1%). Evaluating factors affecting the number of prescribed medications per encounter revealed that elderly patients (&gt; 60 years), being female, referring to the endocrine clinic, and having insurance have a higher average number of medications per encounter compared with others (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The proper prescribing practices in a sizable tertiary hospital in Amman, Jordan, are clarified by this study. The percentage of medications from EDL and the typical number of drugs/encounters did not comply with WHO requirements. The study findings should guide the Jordanian health policymakers in designing and implementing strategies to limit irrational prescribing practices and raise awareness of and ensure physician adherence to the national EDL.
Researchers’ experiences of pharmacy involvement: a UK cross-sectional survey
Authors: Watson Michelle , Whittlesea Cate , Tharmanathan Puvan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of researchers who have involved pharmacy professionals in research studies. Pharmacy teams are valued healthcare professionals, with a wide knowledge base and skill set. They have regular contact with service users who may be interested in research, placing them in a good position for collaboration with researchers.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey circulated to researchers in the UK; analysed using descriptive, quantitative methods.

Key findings
A total of 238 responses were received from researchers, mainly within hospitals and universities. Most had more than 10 years of experience (45%) and had worked on 2–10 studies involving pharmacies (54%), frequently requiring hospital services (74%). Two-thirds of researchers had worked on clinical trials of investigational medicinal products. Most researchers worked with pharmacy teams that all had previous research experience (78%) yet did not involve them in participant recruitment (85%). Pharmacy staff frequently managed or dispensed medication (43%), however also engaged with other research-related tasks. Their previous experience and keenness were desirable qualities for researchers. Many respondents had a positive experience of collaboration and acknowledged various advantages (e.g. developing training/knowledge) and disadvantages (e.g. staffing issues).

Conclusions
Researchers’ positive impression of working with the pharmacy sector bodes well for future collaborations. Many had experience with pharmacy, however, those more unfamiliar should consider the roles staff could perform; and pharmacy teams and professional bodies should advocate their involvement. For collaboration to prosper, we should promote the benefits of research engagement and consider how to overcome known challenges.
An unusual case of a tension pneumothorax
Authors: Redwan Bassam , Kirstein Robert , Kösek Volkan , Thiel Burkhard , Zirngibl Hubert , Schmitz Björn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A total intra-thoracic stomach describes the case of a complete herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity. Symptoms may vary from mild to an acute life-threatening situation in case of perforation or bleeding, requiring emergency surgery. Here we describe the case of a gastric perforation leading to a tension pneumothorax and concomitant pleural empyema due to a giant hiatal recurrence after previous surgery. Multidisciplinary management involving thoracic surgeons helped in achieving the best clinical outcome for the patient.
CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes–2022
Authors: Tsitsiridis George , Steinkamp Ralph , Giurgiu Madalina , Brauner Barbara , Fobo Gisela , Frishman Goar , Montrone Corinna , Ruepp Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The CORUM database has been providing comprehensive reference information about experimentally characterized, mammalian protein complexes and their associated biological and biomedical properties since 2007. Given that most catalytic and regulatory functions of the cell are carried out by protein complexes, their composition and characterization is of greatest importance in basic and disease biology. The new CORUM 4.0 release encompasses 5204 protein complexes offering the largest and most comprehensive publicly available dataset of manually curated mammalian protein complexes. The CORUM dataset is built from 5299 different genes, representing 26% of the protein coding genes in humans. Complex information from 3354 scientific articles is mainly obtained from human (70%), mouse (16%) and rat (9%) cells and tissues. Recent curation work includes sets of protein complexes, Functional Complex Groups, that offer comprehensive collections of published data in specific biological processes and molecular functions. In addition, a new graphical analysis tool was implemented that displays co-expression data from the subunits of protein complexes. CORUM is freely accessible at http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/corum/.
Factors Impacting the Yield of Image-Guided Biopsy in Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A 10-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Maamari Julian B , Tande Aaron J , Tai Don Bambino Geno , Diehn Felix E , Ross Courtney , Lahr Brian , Suh Gina A , Berbari Elie F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Image-guided biopsies in patients with suspected native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) are recommended to establish the microbiological diagnosis and guide antibiotic therapy. Despite recent advances, the microbiological yield of this procedure remains between 48% and 52%. A better understanding of factors associated with this low yield may lead to improved microbiological diagnosis.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients with suspected NVO undergoing image-guided biopsies from January 2011 to June 2021 at our institution. Two hundred nine patients undergoing 248 percutaneous biopsies were included. Demographic data, biopsy and microbiologic techniques, clinical characteristics, and antibiotic use were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with microbiological yield.

Results
A total of 110 of 209 (52.6%) initial image-guided biopsies revealed positive microbiological results. This number increased to 121 of 209 (57.9%) when repeat image-guided biopsies were included. In multivariable analysis, aspiration of fluid was associated with a 3-fold increased odds of yielding a positive result (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–7.04; P = .006), whereas prior antibiotic use was associated with a 3-fold decreased yield (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, .16–.65; P = .002). A univariate subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between the length of the antibiotic-free period and microbiological yield, with the lowest rates of pathogen detection at 0–3 days and higher rates as duration increased (P = .017).

Conclusions
Prior antibiotic use in patients with suspected NVO was associated with a decrease in the microbiological yield of image-guided biopsies. An antibiotic-free period of at least 4 days is suggested to maximize yield. Successful fluid aspiration during the procedure also increases microbiological yield.
ESTIMATION OF PATIENT ORGAN AND WHOLE-BODY DOSES IN [18F-FDG] PET/CT SCAN
Authors: Kessara Aida , Buyukcizmeci Nihal , Gedik Gonca Kara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The object of this study was to estimate organ doses and whole-body effective doses from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan using [fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) in adult patients and to assess the CT component contribution to organ and whole-body doses. The [18F-FDG] PET/CT scan was conducted on 204 adult patients (90 females and 114 males). For all patients, females and males, the whole-body effective doses were 20.54, 23.89 and 17.89 mSv, respectively. For all patients, females and males, the CT component contribution to the whole-body effective dose was 66, 71 and 62%, respectively. Since CT is the primary contributor to the effective dose in the [18F-FDG] PET/CT scan protocol, the significance of improving CT protocols to minimize patient dose is underscored. All attempts must be made, using available mechanisms and techniques, to reduce the patient's dose of PET/CT scan, especially in obese patients.
Unearthing Modes of Climatic Adaptation in Underground Storage Organs Across Liliales
Authors: Tribble Carrie M , May Michael R , Jackson-Gain Abigail , Zenil-Ferguson Rosana , Specht Chelsea D , Rothfels Carl J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Testing adaptive hypotheses about how continuous traits evolve in association with developmentally structured discrete traits, while accounting for the confounding influence of other, hidden, evolutionary forces, remains a challenge in evolutionary biology. For example, geophytes are herbaceous plants—with underground buds—that use underground storage organs (USOs) to survive extended periods of unfavorable conditions. Such plants have evolved multiple times independently across all major vascular plant lineages. Even within closely related lineages, however, geophytes show impressive variation in the morphological modifications and structures (i.e.,“types” of USOs) that allow them to survive underground. Despite the developmental and structural complexity of USOs, the prevailing hypothesis is that they represent convergent evolutionary “solutions” to a common ecological problem, though some recent research has drawn this conclusion into question. We extend existing phylogenetic comparative methods to test for links between the hierarchical discrete morphological traits associated with USOs and adaptation to environmental variables, using a phylogeny of 621 species in Liliales. We found that plants with different USO types do not differ in climatic niche more than expected by chance, with the exception of root morphology, where modified roots are associated with lower temperature seasonality. These findings suggest that root tubers may reflect adaptations to different climatic conditions than those represented by other types of USOs. Thus, the tissue type and developmental origin of the USO structure may influence the way it mediates ecological relationships, which draws into question the appropriateness of ascribing broad ecological patterns uniformly across geophytic taxa. This work provides a new framework for testing adaptive hypotheses and for linking ecological patterns across morphologically varying taxa while accounting for developmental (non-independent) relationships in morphological data. [Climatic niche evolution; geophytes; imperfect correspondence; macroevolution.].