bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices
Authors: Jäker Philipp , Aegerter Dino , Kyburz Till , Städler Roman , Fonjallaz Rea , Detlefs Blanka , Koziej Dorota 
Published: June 2022

Background: Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising technology towards an artificial photosynthetic device but many fundamental electronic processes, which govern long-term stability and energetics, are not yet fully understood. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and particularly its high energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) mode, emerges as a powerful tool to study photo-excited charge carrier behavior under operating conditions. The established thin film device architecture of PEC cells provides a well-defined measurement geometry, but it puts many constraints on conducting operando XAS experiments. It remains a challenge to establish a standardized thin film exchange procedure and concurrently record high-quality photoelectrochemical and X‑ray absorption spectroscopy data that is unperturbed by bubble formation. Here we address and overcome these instrumental limitations for photoelectrochemical operando HERFD-XAS. Methods: We constructed a novel operando photo-electro-chemical cell by computer numerical control milling, guided by the materials’ X‑ray and visible light absorption properties to optimize signal detection. To test the cell’s functionality, semiconducting thin film photoelectrodes have been fabricated via solution deposition and their photoelectrochemical responses under simulated solar light were studied using a commercial potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration during HERFD-XAS experiments at a synchrotron. Results: We demonstrate the cell’s capabilities to measure and control potentiostatically and in open‑circuit, to detect X‑ray signals unperturbed by bubbles and to fluently exchange different thin film samples by collecting high-resolution Fe K-edge spectra of hematite (α -Fe2O3) and ferrite thin film (MFe2O4, M= Zn, Ni) photoelectrodes during water oxidation. Conclusions: Our cell establishes a measurement routine that will provide experimental access of photo-electro-chemical operando HERFD-XAS experiments to a broader scientific community, particularly due to the ease of sample exchange. We believe to enable a broad range of experiments which acquired fundamental insights will spur further photoelectrochemical research and commercialization of water splitting technologies
The future of general practice nursing: ARRS, DES and students
Authors: Heath Shaun 
Published: June 2022

Shaun Heath analyses the development of the general practice nurse profession from the perspective of the current external forces that impinge on practice As general practice nurses (GPNs) our minds are once again focused on the various contracts that are the fundamental bedrock of our work in primary care. Over the last 2 years, we have been preoccupied by the pandemic: setting up and working in hot or cold clinics; dealing with the fallout of broken recall registers; the increased demand of deteriorating long term conditions; and of course contributing to the hugely successful vaccination campaign. This year brings new contracts, new opportunities and, of course, new challenges to the workforce, but what are the next steps for our profession, and how should we develop both as a collective and as individuals?
Avatars in the metaverse: potential legal issues and remedies
Authors: Cheong Ben Chester 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article discusses some of the issues surrounding an avatar of a real-life person in a metaverse. Given that the anticipated rise of metaverse is a developing area, the first part of the article discusses what the metaverse would entail, some suggestions on what these avatars would be like, why such avatars’ rights should be protected and whether consciousness should be a defining characteristic before these rights are granted. The second part of the article analyses incorporation techniques to grant legal personality to avatars in the metaverse as well as some of the potential harms that avatars could cause there, potentially leading to an extension of the real world. The third part of the article deals with imposing liability on a real-life person by lifting the ‘veil’ of the avatar to identify the real person behind the avatar through four foreseeable scenarios, i.e. fraud, defamation, identity theft and crime. The article briefly explores other potential legal issues in the metaverse. The article makes two final recommendations, the possibility of statutory remedies and judicial interpretation to rectify torts committed by avatars.
Money Games: Gambling in a Papua New Guinea Town, Anthony J. Pickles (2019)
Authors: Ortiz F. Javier Leyva 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Money Games: Gambling in a Papua New Guinea Town, Anthony J. Pickles (2019)
New York: Berghahn Books, 216 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 78920 221 2 (hbk), US$135
Floating Islanders: Pasifika Theatre in Aotearoa, Lisa Warrington and David O’Donnell (2017)
Authors: Neumeier Beate 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Floating Islanders: Pasifika Theatre in Aotearoa, Lisa Warrington and David O’Donnell (2017)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98853 107 6 (pbk), NZ$39.95
Simplified Machine Learning Models Can Accurately Identify High-Need High-Cost Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nguyen Nghia H. , Patel Sagar , Gabunilas Jason , Qian Alexander S. , Cecil Alan , Jairath Vipul , Sandborn William J. , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Chen Peter L. , Singh Siddharth 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Hospitalization is the primary driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related healthcare costs and morbidity. Traditional prediction models have poor performance at identifying patients at highest risk of unplanned healthcare utilization. Identification of patients who are high-need and high-cost (HNHC) could reduce unplanned healthcare utilization and healthcare costs.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adult patients hospitalized with IBD using the Nationwide Readmissions Database (model derivation in the 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database and validation in the 2017 Nationwide Readmission Database). We built 2 tree-based algorithms (decision tree classifier and decision tree using gradient boosting framework [XGBoost]) and compared traditional logistic regression to identify patients at risk for becoming HNHC (patients in the highest decile of total days spent in hospital in a calendar year).

RESULTS:
Of 47,402 adult patients hospitalized with IBD, we identified 4,717 HNHC patients. The decision tree classifier model (length of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index, procedure, Frailty Risk Score, and age) had a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 ± 0.01 in the derivation data set and 0.78 ± 0.02 in the validation data set. XGBoost (length of stay, procedure, chronic pain, drug abuse, and diabetic complication) had a mean AUC of 0.79 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.02 in the derivation and validation data sets, respectively, compared with AUC 0.55 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.01 with traditional logistic regression (peptic ulcer disease, paresthesia, admission for osteomyelitis, renal failure, and lymphoma) in derivation and validation data sets, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
In hospitalized patients with IBD, simplified tree-based machine learning algorithms using administrative claims data can accurately predict patients at risk of progressing to HNHC.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry from 10 to 700 K
Authors: Zollner Stefan , Abadizaman Farzin , Emminger Carola , Samarasingha Nuwanjula 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the optical constants of materials (refractive index, absorption and extinction coefficients, and dielectric function) can be determined with spectroscopic ellipsometry over a broad range of temperatures and photon energies or wavelengths. Such results have practical value, for example for applications of optical materials at cryogenic or elevated temperatures. The temperature dependence of optical gaps and their broadenings also provides insight into the scattering of electrons and holes with other quasiparticles, such as phonons or magnons. This review presents a detailed discussion of the experimental considerations for temperature-dependent ellipsometry and selected results for insulators, semiconductors, and metals in the infrared to ultraviolet spectral regions.
Integrierte Steuerungsarchitektur für ein agiles Demontagesystem mit autonomer Produktbefundung
Authors: Wurster Marco , Klein Jan-Felix , Kaiser Jan-Philipp , Mangold Simon , Furmans Kai , Heizmann Michael , Fleischer Jürgen , Lanza Gisela 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Für ein wettbewerbsfähiges Remanufacturing von Gebrauchtprodukten bei ungewissen Produktzuständen bedarf es einer hohen Flexibilität und Reaktionsfähigkeit. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wird eine integrierte Steuerungsarchitektur für ein modular aufgebautes agiles Demontagesystem mit autonomer Produktbefundung und lernenden Produktionsressourcen vorgestellt. Der Ansatz umfasst sowohl eine Produktionssystemsteuerung für den Materialfluss als auch vertikal bis auf Feldebene integrierte Subarchitekturen für die Steuerung der Stations- und Intralogistikprozesse.
A CPPS-architecture and workflow for bringing agent-based technologies as a form of artificial intelligence into practice
Authors: Cruz Salazar Luis Alberto , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to the increase in Artificial Intelligence in the production systems domain, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) experts must collaborate with autonomous systems. Industrial AI raises several concerns about existing standards, which provide guidelines and design patterns. One way to realize I4.0 systems are Industrial Agents (IAs) due to their inherent autonomy and collaboration. Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) are well suited for realizing distributed AI in I4.0 components. Considering the properties of IAs and existing standards, an MAS architecture is presented for flexible and intelligent Cyber-Physical Production Systems. The article compares I4.0 standardization efforts relevant to adapt AI in the form of IAs, illustrates how IA design patterns can be used, and introduces the Multi-Agent aRchitecture for Industrial Automation applying desigN patterNs practicEs “MARIANNE”. An implementation guideline is presented to put this CPPS into practice.
Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
Authors: Pham Dan The , Tran Toan Quoc , Van Chinh Luu , Nguyen Linh Phuong , An Ton Nu Thuy , Anh Nguyen Huu Thuan , Nguyen Duong Thanh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Murrayafoline A (MuA) is a natural compound with diverse biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, but suffers from poor water solubility and low specificity. In order to improve the potential of MuA as a candidate for cancer treatment, MuA-loaded liposomes were prepared with the liposomal membrane consisting of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the MuA-loaded liposomes had a z-average particle size of 104.3 ± 6.4 nm (mean ± SD; n = 3) and a polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD; n = 3). The encapsulation efficiency was 55.3 ± 2.3% (mean ± SD; n = 3). The in vitro cytotoxicity of encapsulated MuA was attenuated at IC50 = 21.97 µg/mL compared to 6.24 µg/mL for free MuA, against HepG2. In contrast, MuA-loaded liposomes were significantly more effective at inhibiting cell growth in HepG2 cancer spheroids, which indicated that they were able to reach the interior layers of the microtumor. Taken together, these results showed that the encapsulation of MuA in liposomes is a good research direction to improve this natural compound’s potential as a candidate for cancer treatment.
SpottingScience – a digital learning environment to introduce Green Chemistry to secondary students and the public
Authors: Lembens Anja , Heinzle Gerda , Tepla Alexandra , Maulide Nuno , Preinfalk Alexander , Kaiser Daniel , Spitzer Philipp 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Currently, the world is facing climate change, environmental burden, and health aspects caused, among others, by chemical substances spread by humans. In order to preserve or even improve the Earth’s habitat for future generations, the development and use of sustainable technologies are necessary. Additionally, every individual must have knowledge and skills to be able to act in an informed sustainable and responsible way. Neither of these can be achieved without science education that provides appropriate learning opportunities. This paper gives insight into the project SpottingScience whose digital learning environments focus on green chemistry. The learning environments are accessible via QR-Codes in public space at the Campus of the University of Vienna. One can follow the content presented via texts and graphics in a linear way or use provided links to get further information. SpottingScience offers the opportunity for passers-by and secondary school students to get a general idea of green chemistry and its significance for everyday life. We use menthol, a well-known ingredient in several everyday products, as an example to unfold chemical backgrounds, to highlight the necessity to create new and environment-friendly production processes, and to provide an impetus to reflect on one’s own actions while using everyday products.
(Un-)persönliches Schreiben in der Wissenschaftssprache? Eine vergleichende quantitative Studie mit deutschen und polnischen Bachelorarbeiten aus der Germanistik
Authors: Matthies Jochen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit Agensdemotion und Verfasserreferenz im Deutschen als fremder Wissenschaftssprache. Es wird eine vergleichende Korpusstudie mit deutschsprachigen Bachelorarbeiten von muttersprachlichen und polnischen Studenten durchgeführt. Innerhalb dieser wird untersucht, mit welchen sprachlichen Strukturen die Autoren in ihrem Text auf eigenes Verfasserhandeln verweisen. Eine quantitativ-statistische Auswertung zeigt signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen auf: Bei einer insgesamt deutlich niedrigeren Verweisdichte weisen die polnischen Texte einen erheblich höheren Anteil von Passivkonstruktionen auf, während etwa sein + zu + Infinitiv sowie lassen-Konstruktionen deutlich seltener sind. Mögliche Erklärungsansätze liegen in Frequenzmustern im sprachlichen Input, aber auch in Transferphänomenen.
Sustainability in the design of liquefied petroleum gas systems used in buildings
Authors: Farouq Amna Amer , Al-Obaidi Basim H. K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the spread of the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in developing countries for use in domestic cooking with the increase in the expansion and distribution of gas pipelines for residential buildings, the 2002 World Summit focused on sustainable development in clean energy for natural gas (NG) and LPG. The research aims to focus on the important aspects of design sustainability from an environmental point of view to reduce gas leakage, accidents, and explosions that occur socially to expand the distribution of LPG and motivate the consumers to use it instead of natural gas and other fuels, and from an economic point of view to take into account the annual cost and aesthetic impact of maintaining on the view of the building and the design of the pipes in ways that do not distort the public view. The study area was a building in a residential complex in Baghdad and the gas pipelines were connected to the building completely for studying. The axes of sustainability were applied to the building in an analysis method using the goals achievement matrix, which is divided into main goals and secondary goals. The results showed that the environmental and aesthetic sustainability were well applied to the building, but from a social point of view, in the dissemination of safety instructions to the consumer, and from a financial point of view, there were shortcomings in them, and this could lead to long-term damage to the building.
Impediments to maternal mortality reduction in Africa: a systemic and socioeconomic overview
Authors: Aliyu Labaran Dayyabu , Kadas Abubakar Saidu , Mohammed Abdulsalam , Abdulllahi Hauwa Musa , Farouk Zubaida , Usman Fatima , Attah Raphael Avidime , Yusuf Murtala , Magashi Mahmoud Kawu , Miko Mustapha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Maternal mortality is nowadays more of a problem of developing countries especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Maternal mortality has to large extent been eliminated in developed countries and has drastically been reduced in many other regions of the world. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) available in the literature from Africa is not a true reflection of the actual MMR as it is derived from institutional studies. The causes of maternal mortality in SSA are the same as those in developed countries. The means of addressing maternal mortality used in developed countries are the same as those used in developing countries, however, the success levels are not the same. There are various impediments to reducing maternal mortality with roots in cultural, social, economic and systemic factors prevalent in SSA. An in-depth study of these factors will give an insight as to why maternal mortality reduction has remained an enigma in SSA. Analyzing these factors will guide us to design and implement measures that will in the long run lead to significant maternal mortality reduction in SSA. The aim of this review is to identify impediments to maternal mortality reduction in SSA and highlight measures that can lead to maternal mortality reduction.
Livy, Cassius Dio, and Prodigies in the Early Roman Empire
Authors: Satterfield Susan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryScholars who study Roman prodigies and expiations have mostly ignored Cassius Dio’s imperial prodigy lists. This paper argues that these lists should be considered valid. If we accept them, we have a wealth of evidence for the continuation of prodigy reports and expiations in the early Roman Empire.
Procurator di[oecesis]? Reinterpretation of CIL VIII 14727 = ILPBardo 229 and the Beginnings of the Administration of Imperial Domains ofAfrica Proconsularis
Authors: Kłodziński Karol 
Published: June 2022

SummaryDescriptions of the administration of imperial domains inAfrica Proconsularisshare much common ground in their interpretations. The literature features a widespread emphasis on the special role of the governments of Trajan and Hadrian in reorganising the imperial domains in this province – and especially in the Bagradas Valley, which has furnished us with exceptional epigraphic material in the form of agrarian inscriptions. While the 2nd-century administrative operations of imperial domains are fairly well understood – mainly due to this category of inscriptions – the 1st century remains something of a mystery. Researchers have dated the beginning of fundamental changes to how domain administration was organised to the times of the Flavians, after the great confiscations of Nero. However, a re-interpretation of a procuratorial title from CIL VIII 14727 = ILPBardo 229 and a broader analysis of the epigraphic material shed new light on the beginnings of the administration of imperial domains inAfrica Proconsularis, and especially in the grain-growing region of Byzacium; there, perhaps even in the mid-1st century, there was an imperial administration and a domain district (diocese) modelled after another grain province of Egypt.
Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
Authors: Golubovic Suzana Tosic , Zikic Olivera , Nikolic Gordana , Kostic Jelena , Simonovic Maja , Binic Iva , Gugleta Uros 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Individuals with serious mental illness are more affected by emotional reactions, including suicidal behavior due to COVID‐19 and psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore the possible association of COVID-19 and suicidal behavior (suicide ideation and attempt) before and during pandemic-associated lockdown in Serbia. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 104 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted at Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinic Center Niš, Serbia, after ending lockdown and compared the obtained results with 181 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted during the same period in 2019 and 2018. Suicide ideation were more frequent in 2020 comparing with 2019 and 2018 (25 vs 12.5%, vs 9.41%; p < 0.05). Around 28% of patients with suicide attempts were exposed daily to the information related to COVID-19 coming from social media, while this frequency was significantly lower, only 7.55% (p < 0.1), among patients with no suicide ideation or attempts. Adjustment disorder was more frequent among patients with suicide attempts in comparison to the patients with suicide ideation (32 vs 11%), especially in patients without suicide ideation and attempts (32 vs 0%, p < 0.001). Of all studied patients with suicide attempts during 2020, 60% were not in the previous psychiatric treatment before admission.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Grandi Giuseppe , Cavallo Rossana , Zanotto Elisa , Cipriani Raffaella , Panico Claudio , Protti Romolo , Scapagnini Giovanni , Davinelli Sergio , Costagliola Ciro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bacteria are the most common causative agents of ocular infections. Treatment with topical broad-spectrum antibiotics is recommended in severe cases. However, antibiotic resistance has become a major concern in recent years, although antibiotics are generally effective in treating ocular infections. Antibacterial compound screening is performed to identify alternative therapeutic options to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of an ophthalmic solution containing ozonated oil. Strains of bacterial species with a multidrug resistance profile, which are responsible for a large proportion of ocular infections, were isolated and selected from different biological samples. The bacterial isolates were cultured, and ozonated oil was used to evaluate the inhibition zones at different time points. The treatment exhibited antibacterial activity against all the tested species. The effect was lower against the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and more evident against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. Our results suggest that the administration of ozonated oil may be a candidate agent to treat some infections of the ocular surface with a potential role in antimicrobial prophylaxis.