bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic postsurgical pain in children and young adults with cancer and choice of regional anesthesia for amputation and limb‐sparing surgery
Authors: Anghelescu Doralina L. , Johns Emma , Bhatia Shalini , Frett Michael J. , Lu Zhaohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing limb amputation (LA) or limb‐sparing (LS) for lower extremity oncologic diagnoses are at similar risk for chronic postsurgical pain of neuropathic nature (CPSP/NP). Regional anesthesia (RA) techniques are pre‐emptive measures to prevent the occurrence of the CPS/NP. However, recommendations for epidural (EP) versus peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) lack in pediatric literature.AimsThis study investigates the incidence and duration of CPSP/NP and describes NP‐directed regimens.Methods and ResultsData on demographics, use of EP or PNB, duration of CPSP/NP, and NP‐directed medication were retrospectively collected for LA and LS between 2009 and 2019. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to compare the odds of CPSP/NP between EP and PNB. Cox PH model with adjustment for clustering due to multiple surgeries on patients was used to quantify rate of pain relief between surgery groups (LA vs. LS) and RA groups (EP vs. PNB). The incidence of CPSP/NP was 36 (23.8%) after 165 surgeries (150 patients). The odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP/NP after EP (p = .11). The rate of pain relief at any instant after the EP was 1.2 times that after PNB (p = .3). The rate of pain relief for LS with EP was 1.9 times that of pain relief for LA with EP, a statistically significant difference (p = .03). Gabapentin was used (94.5%), with addition of amitriptyline (24.2%) and both amitriptyline and methadone (12.7%).ConclusionThe LS with the EP group had a significantly higher rate of relief of CPSP/NP than LA with EP. Odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP after EP.
Analyzing theQoSprediction for web service recommendation using time series forecasting with deep learning techniques
Authors: Gnanasekaran Amirthayogam , Chinnasamy Anbu Ananth , Parasuraman Elango 
Published: October 2022

SummaryQuality of service (QoS) is widely adopted to characterize the performance of services invoked by users. For this purpose, the QoS prediction of services constitutes a decisive tool to allow end‐users to optimally choose high‐quality cloud services aligned with their needs. The fact is that users only consume a few of the broad range of existing services. Thereby, performing a highly accurate service recommendation becomes a challenging task. To tackle the aforementioned challenges, a hybrid deep learning technique is proposed to predict future QoS parameters. Initially, the data is collected from the WSDream data repository, however, the collaborating filtering (CF) technique is used to pre‐process the collected data. Accordingly, the filtering technique resolves missing or undermined values and cleans the node. Additionally, this pre‐processing technique reduces the error and promotes prediction efficiency. Subsequently, data clustering is performed by introducing a modified k‐medoids algorithm, which groups the user services into different clusters. Accordingly, a future QoS is predicted based on the proposed hybrid deep learning method like convolutional neural network‐long short‐term memory. The proposed method is implemented using Python software and it evaluates response time, throughput, root mean square error, and mean absolute error (MAE). The proposed method is compared with the existing collaborative filtering‐k medoids, support vector regression, self‐exciting threshold auto‐regressive, genetic guided clustering algorithm algorithms, and novel deep learning‐based hybrid approach. The result of the proposed method presents higher accuracy and low consumption time. Therefore, the performance of the proposed method is 6% higher than the other existing methods. Accordingly, the MAE, mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute scaled error, and root mean squared error of the proposed method produces 7%, 7.5%, 2%, and 1.5% higher performance than the other existing methods. Subsequently, the precision and recall of the proposed method are approximately 3.5% and 3% high than the other state of art methods. The experimental results highlight that the viability of the proposed approach contrasted with the regular methodologies in real‐time. Consequently, by introducing this proposed method the QoS prediction performance is improved and it provides higher‐quality solutions.
Discovering the key factors behind multi‐stakeholder partnerships for contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals: Insights around the electric vehicle in Spain
Authors: Galan Jose Ignacio , Zuñiga‐Vicente Jose Angel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on different theoretical underpinnings, this study seeks to identify the key factors behind the multi‐stakeholder partnerships that can contribute to the achievement of certain sustainable development goals. It also examines whether such factors are similar from the point of view of the different stakeholders involved or, by contrast, there are major differences. We explore all the partnerships involving a globally recognized provider of the infrastructure required for the use of electric vehicles in countries such as Spain. Using primary and secondary data sources, the following conclusions may be drawn from our empirical research: first, the study of the key factors behind multi‐stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development needs to be conducted from a multi‐lens perspective. Second, certain significant differences are observed in the replies regarding the importance that a sample of managers attach to the different factors informing these partnerships. Third, all the partnerships identified have a clear long‐term orientation. Finally, the term that best defines many of the linkages between stakeholders is coopetition.
How does the research community contribute to corporate climate‐related risk disclosures? The gap between ideals and reality
Authors: Lee Chia‐Chi , Kuo Shih‐Yun , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung , Mo Tung‐Li , Chang En‐Yu , Huang Kuan‐Chun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the inception of the Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and its publication of a series of guidelines to instruct companies how to respond to climate change, physical and transition risks have become must‐know terms for businesses around the world. The development of various physical and transition risk assessment tools has become an urgent task for not only climate service companies but also for the scientific research community. Nevertheless, there is still an obvious gap between the contribution of the scientific research community and enterprise needs for clarification of the TCFD requirements. This article draws on interviews from representatives of more than a dozen related corporations and institutions in Taiwan, including private firms, research units, and industry associations, to understand and summarize their experience and expectations for the research community's contributions to TCFD alignment. The interview findings point out that physical risk assessment, transition risk assessment, data/information disclosure and integration, and policies and systems are the most concerned aspects of the interviewees. Based on these findings, the paper then provides suggestions for improvement by the research community, policy makers, and decision makers, including appropriate policies and systems, localized high‐quality climate services, and international competition, helping to effectively bridge the gap between daily research work and external expectations for the research results.
Doping control analyses during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Okano Masato , Ikekita Ayako , Sato Mitsuhiko , Inoue Takeshi , Kageyama Shinji , Akiyama Kentaro , Aoi Arisa , Miyamoto Asami , Momobayashi Atsushi , Ota Masanori , Ishige Miho , Sakurai Hikaru , Shiomura Sho , Takemine Mitsuha , Watanabe Yuma , Hikota Tomohisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe doping control analyses at the XXXII Olympic Games (July 23 to August 8, 2021) and the XVI Paralympic Games (August 24 to September 5, 2021) held in Tokyo, Japan, after a year of delay due to the COVID‐19 pandemic are summarized in this paper. A new satellite facility at the existing World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited Tokyo laboratory was established and fully operated by 278 staff, including 33 Tokyo laboratory staff, 49 international experts, and 196 Japanese temporary staff. The numbers of urine samples were 5081 (Olympics) and 1519 (Paralympics), and the numbers of blood samples were 1103 (Olympics) and 500 (Paralympics). The laboratory could prepare for analysis in advance using a paperless chain‐of‐custody system, allowing for faster turnaround time reporting. For the first time, a new polymerase chain reaction method for detecting erythropoietin (EPO) gene doping was used. The laboratory also analyzed blood samples for detecting steroid esters following the spotting of collected venous EDTA blood onto dried blood spot cards. Moreover, full‐scan data acquisition using high‐resolution mass spectrometers was performed for all urine samples, allowing for detecting traces of doping substances, which are not currently analyzed in the subsequent data processing. The presence of some prohibited substances was confirmed, resulting in 8 atypical findings (ATFs) and 11 adverse analytical findings (AAFs), including homologous blood transfusion (2 cases) and recombinant EPO in the blood (1 case), at the Olympics, whereas 2 ATFs and 10 AAFs were reported at the Paralympics.
Comparison of three different blood matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids using UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Salamin Olivier , Langer Tobias , Saugy Jonas , Saugy Martial , Grabherr Silke , Kuuranne Tiia , Nicoli Raul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrine is currently the matrix of choice for the detection of exogenous substances but also for the application of the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) consisting in a longitudinal monitoring of steroid biomarkers. To fill the limitations related to urine, the longitudinal monitoring of serum steroids concentration in the so‐called ‘blood steroid profile’ has recently been proposed. Although serum samples are collected much less than urine samples, plasma derived from ABP whole blood samples used for the full blood count could be exploited for the quantification of endogenous steroids. Alternatively, dried blood spots (DBS) that are much easier to collect could also serve as matrix for the steroid profile. In this study, we compared the concentration levels of several endogenous steroids measured in three different blood matrices (serum, plasma and DBS) collected from 100 elite athletes participating in the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships using UHPLC‐MS/MS. Plasma and serum samples were collected by venipuncture, whereas DBS were generated from whole blood samples. Although steroids demonstrated a good agreement between the three matrices, a slight but acceptable underestimation (10%–20%) was observed in plasma compared with serum. The difference between DBS and the two other matrices was dependent of the bias between serum and plasma. We also showed that a generic HCT correction for DBS could be a valuable approach for quantitative measurements. This study demonstrates the possibility to use three different matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids although the slight discrepancies should be considered for longitudinal evaluation.
Climate anomalies and competition reduce establishment success during island colonization
Authors: Nicholson Daniel J. , Knell Robert J. , McCrea Rachel S. , Neel Lauren K. , Curlis John David , Williams Claire E. , Chung Albert K. , McMillan William Owen , Garner Trenton W. J. , Cox Christian L. , Logan Michael L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that facilitate or constrain establishment of populations in novel environments is crucial for conservation biology and the study of adaptive radiation. Important questions include: (1) Does the timing of colonization relative to stochastic events, such as climatic perturbations, impact the probability of successful establishment? (2) To what extent does community context (e.g., the presence of competitors) change the probability of establishment? (3) How do sources of intrapopulation variance, such as sex differences, affect success at an individual level during the process of establishment? Answers to these questions are rarely pursued in a field‐experimental context or on the same time scales (months to years) as the processes of colonization and establishment. We introduced slender anole lizards (Anolis apletophallus) to eight islands in the Panama Canal and tracked them over multiple generations to investigate the factors that mediate establishment success. All islands were warmer than the mainland (ancestral) environment, and some islands had a native competitor. We transplanted half of these populations only 4 months before the onset of a severe regional drought and the other half 2 years (two generations) before the drought. We found that successful establishment depended on both the intensity of interspecific competition and the timing of colonization relative to the drought. The islands that were colonized shortly before the drought went functionally extinct by the second generation, and regardless of time before the drought, the populations on islands with interspecific competition declined continuously over the study period. Furthermore, the effect of the competitor interacted with sex, with males suffering, and females benefitting, from the presence of a native competitor. Our results reveal that community context and the timing of colonization relative to climactic events can combine to determine establishment success and that these factors can generate opposite effects on males and females.
Functional traits' annual variation exceeds nitrogen‐driven variation in grassland plant species
Authors: Wheeler George R. , Brassil Chad E. , Knops Johannes M. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffective application of functional trait approaches to ecological questions requires understanding the patterns of trait variation within species as well as between them. However, few studies address the potential for intraspecific variation to occur on a temporal basis and, thus, for trait‐based findings to be contingent upon sampling year. To quantify annual variation in the functional traits of grassland plant species, we measured specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, plant height, and chlorophyll content in 12 shortgrass prairie plant species. We repeated these measurements across 4 years, both in long‐term nitrogen addition plots and in corresponding control plots. Three of the four traits showed significant year‐to‐year variation in a linear mixed model analysis, generally following a pattern of more acquisitive leaf economics spectrum traits in higher rainfall years. Furthermore, two of the measured traits responded interactively to nitrogen addition and sampling year, although only one, leaf dry matter content, showed the expected pattern of stronger nitrogen responses in high rainfall years. For leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area, trait responses to sampling year were larger than responses to the nitrogen addition treatment. These findings illustrate that species' functional traits can respond strongly to environmental changes across years, and thus that trait variation in a species or community is likely to extend beyond the values and patterns observed in any single year.
Stronger fertilization effects on aboveground versus belowground plant properties across nine U.S. grasslands
Authors: Keller Adrienne B. , Walter Christopher A. , Blumenthal Dana M. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Collins Scott L. , DeLancey Lang C. , Fay Philip A. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Mayes Melanie A. , Seabloom Eric W. , Hobbie Sarah E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreased nutrient inputs due to anthropogenic activity are expected to increase primary productivity across terrestrial ecosystems, but changes in allocation aboveground versus belowground with nutrient addition have different implications for soil carbon (C) storage. Thus, given that roots are major contributors to soil C storage, understanding belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and biomass responses to changes in nutrient availability is essential to predicting carbon–climate feedbacks in the context of interacting global environmental changes. To address this knowledge gap, we tested whether a decade of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization consistently influenced aboveground and belowground biomass and productivity at nine grassland sites spanning a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions in the continental United States. Fertilization effects were strong aboveground, with both N and P addition stimulating aboveground biomass at nearly all sites (by 30% and 36%, respectively, on average). P addition consistently increased root production (by 15% on average), whereas other belowground responses to fertilization were more variable, ranging from positive to negative across sites. Site‐specific responses to P were not predicted by the measured covariates. Atmospheric N deposition mediated the effect of N fertilization on root biomass and turnover. Specifically, atmospheric N deposition was positively correlated with root turnover rates, and this relationship was amplified with N addition. Nitrogen addition increased root biomass at sites with low N deposition but decreased it at sites with high N deposition. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of nutrient supply on belowground plant properties are context dependent, particularly with regard to background N supply rates, demonstrating that site conditions must be considered when predicting how grassland ecosystems will respond to increased nutrient loading from anthropogenic activity.
Traits of soil bacteria predict plant responses to soil moisture
Authors: Bolin Lana G. , Lennon Jay T. , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms can help plants and animals contend with abiotic stressors, but why they provide such benefits remains unclear. Here we investigated byproduct benefits, which occur when traits that increase the fitness of one species provide incidental benefits to another species with no direct cost to the provider. In a greenhouse experiment, microbial traits predicted plant responses to soil moisture such that bacteria with self‐beneficial traits in drought increased plant early growth, size at reproduction, and chlorophyll concentration under drought, while bacteria with self‐beneficial traits in well‐watered environments increased these same plant traits in well‐watered soils. Thus, microbial traits that promote microbial success in different moisture environments also promote plant success in these same environments. Our results demonstrate that byproduct benefits, a concept developed to explain the evolution of cooperation in pairwise mutualisms, can also extend to interactions between plants and nonsymbiotic soil microbes.
Demographic consequences of changes in environmental periodicity
Authors: Conquet Eva , Ozgul Arpat , Blumstein Daniel T. , Armitage Kenneth B. , Oli Madan K. , Martin Julien G. A. , Clutton‐Brock Tim H. , Paniw Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe fate of natural populations is mediated by complex interactions among vital rates, which can vary within and among years. Although the effects of random, among‐year variation in vital rates have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about how periodic, nonrandom variation in vital rates affects populations. This knowledge gap is potentially alarming as global environmental change is projected to alter common periodic variations, such as seasonality. We investigated the effects of changes in vital‐rate periodicity on populations of three species representing different forms of adaptation to periodic environments: the yellow‐bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer), adapted to strong seasonality in snowfall; the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), adapted to inter‐annual stochasticity as well as seasonal patterns in rainfall; and the dewy pine (Drosophyllum lusitanicum), adapted to fire regimes and periodic post‐fire habitat succession. To assess how changes in periodicity affect population growth, we parameterized periodic matrix population models and projected population dynamics under different scenarios of perturbations in the strength of vital‐rate periodicity. We assessed the effects of such perturbations on various metrics describing population dynamics, including the stochastic growth rate, log λS. Overall, perturbing the strength of periodicity had strong effects on population dynamics in all three study species. For the marmots, log λS decreased with increased seasonal differences in adult survival. For the meerkats, density dependence buffered the effects of perturbations of periodicity on log λS. Finally, dewy pines were negatively affected by changes in natural post‐fire succession under stochastic or periodic fire regimes with fires occurring every 30 years, but were buffered by density dependence from such changes under presumed more frequent fires or large‐scale disturbances. We show that changes in the strength of vital‐rate periodicity can have diverse but strong effects on population dynamics across different life histories. Populations buffered from inter‐annual vital‐rate variation can be affected substantially by changes in environmentally driven vital‐rate periodic patterns; however, the effects of such changes can be masked in analyses focusing on inter‐annual variation. As most ecosystems are affected by periodic variations in the environment such as seasonality, assessing their contributions to population viability for future global‐change research is crucial.
Statistical evidence for high‐penetrance MODY‐causing genes in a large population‐based cohort
Authors: Billings Liana K. , Shi Zhuqing , Resurreccion W. Kyle , Wang Chi‐Hsiung , Wei Jun , Pollin Toni I. , Udler Miriam S. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsNumerous genes have been proposed as causal for maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Scoring systems to annotate mutation pathogenicity have been widely used; however, statistical evidence for being a highly penetrant MODY gene has not been well‐established.MethodsParticipants were from the UK Biobank with whole‐exome sequencing data, including 14,622 with and 185,509 without diagnosis of diabetes. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in 14 reported and 3 possible MODY genes were annotated using American College of Medical Genetics criteria. Evidence for being a high‐penetrant MODY gene used two statistical criteria: frequency of aggregate P/LP mutations in each gene are (1) significantly more common in participants with a diagnosis of diabetes than without using the SKAT‐O (p < .05) and (2) lower than the maximum credible frequency in the general population.ResultsAmong the 17 genes, 6 (GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, NEUROD1, KCNJ11 and HNF1B) met both criteria, 7 (ABCC8, KLF11, RFX6, PCBD1, WFS1, INS and PDX1) met only one criterion, and the remaining 4 (CEL, BLK, APPL1 and PAX4) failed both criteria, and were classified as ‘consistent’, ‘inconclusive’ and ‘inconsistent’ for being highly penetrant diabetes genes, respectively. Diabetes participants with mutations in the ‘consistent’ genes had clinical presentations that were most consistent with MODY. In contrast, the ‘inconclusive’ and ‘inconsistent’ genes did not differ clinically from non‐carriers in diabetes‐related characteristics.ConclusionsData from a large population‐based study provided novel statistical evidence to identify 6 MODY genes as consistent with being highly penetrant. These results have potential implications for interpreting genetic testing results and clinical diagnosis of MODY.