bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma protein biomarker model for screening Alzheimer disease using multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Yeongshin , Kim Jaenyeon , Son Minsoo , Lee Jihyeon , Yeo Injoon , Choi Kyu Yeong , Kim Hoowon , Kim Byeong C. , Lee Kun Ho , Kim Youngsoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia that has gained prominence in our aging society. Yet, the complexity of diagnosing AD and measuring its invasiveness poses an obstacle. To this end, blood-based biomarkers could mitigate the inconveniences that impede an accurate diagnosis. We developed models to diagnose AD and measure the severity of neurocognitive impairment using blood protein biomarkers. Multiple reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry, a highly selective and sensitive approach for quantifying targeted proteins in samples, was used to analyze blood samples from 4 AD groups: cognitive normal control, asymptomatic AD, prodromal AD), and AD dementia. Multimarker models were developed using 10 protein biomarkers and apolipoprotein E genotypes for amyloid beta and 10 biomarkers with Korean Mini-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) score for predicting Alzheimer disease progression. The accuracies for the AD classification model and AD progression monitoring model were 84.9% (95% CI 82.8 to 87.0) and 79.1% (95% CI 77.8 to 80.5), respectively. The models were more accurate in diagnosing AD, compared with single APOE genotypes and the K-MMSE score. Our study demonstrates the possibility of predicting AD with high accuracy by blood biomarker analysis as an alternative method of screening for AD.
Intracellular glucose starvation affects gingival homeostasis and autophagy
Authors: Li Runbo , Kato Hirohito , Taguchi Yoichiro , Umeda Makoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs) maintain periodontal tissue homeostasis through active proliferation and migration. Clinically, it is considered that the wound-healing ability of the gingival tissue is maintained even in environments with insufficient supply of nutrients, such as glucose, immediately after periodontal surgery. However, the effects of such glucose-deficient environments on HGnFs remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-glucose environment on HGnFs homeostasis. We evaluated gingival wound healing by examining cell proliferation and migration and collagen synthesis in HGnFs cultured in 100, 50, 25, and 0 mg/dL glucose in vitro. The cellular stress levels were determined by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The glucose metabolism of HGnFs in the low-glucose concentrations was studied by measuring glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) mRNA expression, glucose uptake assays, lactate and ATP productions. Molecular effects were examined with a focus on the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Autophagy activity in glucose-deprived HGnFs was evaluated by measuring the levels of autophagy-related proteins. Low glucose levels increased cellular stress levels, autophagy activity, and enhanced glucose metabolism through the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, providing more ATPs to promote wound healing. Our results regarding glucose transfer suggest the rapid healing of gingival wounds.
Persistent extreme ultraviolet irradiance in Antarctica despite the ozone recovery onset
Authors: Cordero Raúl R. , Feron Sarah , Damiani Alessandro , Redondas Alberto , Carrasco Jorge , Sepúlveda Edgardo , Jorquera Jose , Fernandoy Francisco , Llanillo Pedro , Rowe Penny M. , Seckmeyer Gunther 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAttributable to the Montreal Protocol, the most successful environmental treaty ever, human-made ozone-depleting substances are declining and the stratospheric Antarctic ozone layer is recovering. However, the Antarctic ozone hole continues to occur every year, with the severity of ozone loss strongly modulated by meteorological conditions. In late November and early December 2020, we measured at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula the highest ultraviolet (UV) irradiances recorded in the Antarctic continent in more than two decades. On Dec. 2nd, the noon-time UV index on King George Island peaked at 14.3, very close to the largest UV index ever recorded in the continent. On Dec. 3rd, the erythemal daily dose at the same site was among the highest on Earth, only comparable to those recorded at high altitude sites in the Atacama Desert, near the Tropic of Capricorn. Here we show that, despite the Antarctic ozone recovery observed in early spring, the conditions that favor these extreme surface UV events persist in late spring, when the biologically effective UV radiation is more consequential. These conditions include long-lasting ozone holes (attributable to the polar vortex dynamics) that often bring ozone-depleted air over the Antarctic Peninsula in late spring. The fact that these conditions have been occurring at about the same frequency during the last two decades explains the persistence of extreme surface UV events in Antarctica.
Decellularized scaffold-based poly(ethylene glycol) biomimetic vascular patches modified with polyelectrolyte multilayer of heparin and chitosan: preparation and vascular tissue engineering applications in a porcine model
Authors: Gao Huimin , Hu Pengpeng , Sun Gaoqi , Wang Lei , Tian Yu , Mo Hong , Liu Cheng , Zhang Jun , Shen Jian 
Published: January 2022

PEG/DCS surface was modified with heparin–chitosan PEM to construct a biomimetic vascular patch which could maintain long-term patency of the treated arteries in vivo.
An improved tongue image segmentation algorithm based on Deeplabv3+ framework
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Bian Haonan , Cai Yiheng , Zhang Keye , Li Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTongue image segmentation is the key step of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intelligent tongue image analysis. The subsequent tongue image quality analysis is directly affected by the precision of segmentation. Deeplabv3+ network has become an excellent algorithm in the field of tongue images segmentation by virtue of its ability to extract multi‐scale information and its codec structure. However, there are unclear edge segmentation of the tongue body and missegmentation of small areas in some tongue images. In view of the above phenomenon, an improved algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the network structure is optimized, so that the ability of the network to extract multi‐scale information and low‐level information is improved. Secondly, a loss function based on edge information is proposed, which makes the network pay more attention to the separation of tongue edges in the process of training. Finally, the segmentation results are post‐processed by using the prior knowledge of tongue image, so as to eliminate the phenomenon of misjudgement. The experimental results show that the algorithm significantly improves the ambiguity of image segmentation, and the MIOU value is still increased to 99.13% when the MIOU value has reached 98.77%.
One model for the learning of language
Authors: Yang Yuan , Piantadosi Steven T. 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceIt has long been hypothesized that language acquisition may be impossible without innate knowledge of the structures that occur in natural language. Here, we show that a domain general learning setup, originally developed in cognitive psychology to model rule learning, is able to acquire key pieces of natural language from relatively few examples of sentences. This develops a new approach to formalizing linguistic learning and highlights some features of language and language acquisition that may arise from general cognitive processes.
EchidnaCSI: Engaging the public in research and conservation of the short-beaked echidna
Authors: Perry Tahlia , Stenhouse Alan , Wilson Isabella , Perfetto Imma , McKelvey Michael W. , Coulson Michelle , Ankeny Rachel A. , Rismiller Peggy D. , Grützner Frank 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Echidnas are iconic egg-laying mammals threated by environmental changes. However, their cryptic lifestyle and Australia-wide distribution renders a citizen science approach the only feasible way to obtain continent-scale information. With EchidnaCSI (Conservation Science Initiative), we used a citizen science approach to learn more about echidnas, which is remarkably powerful and continually provides data and material for molecular and ecological research. Here, we describe and discuss the establishment and performance of EchidnaCSI, which has produced high-quality echidna-sighting data and fecal material. In addition, a survey of participants provides insight into the motivation and engagement outcomes in citizen science and conservation. EchidnaCSI demonstrates the enormous potential of citizen science to advance the data and knowledge base to enable echidna conservation outcomes.
CHAF1A/B mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs early in infection
Authors: Geis Franziska K. , Sabo Yosef , Chen Xiao , Li Yinglu , Lu Chao , Goff Stephen P. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Invading viral DNAs constitute a high risk for the infected cell and are high-profile targets of antiviral host factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the silencing machinery in the nucleus that acts to prevent transcription or retroviral integration of extrachromosomal DNA. We here identified CHAF1A and CHAF1B as two players that mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs. Our findings provide evidence that these factors act independently of their canonical nucleosome assembly complex to induce silencing early in infection. The characterization of the intrinsic cellular defense mechanism against incoming DNA is relevant to transient gene delivery, as mediated by virus-based vectors in gene therapy.
An otolaryngologist and an opera singer
Authors: Mion Marta , Barillari Umberto , Barillari Maria R. , Martini Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
Enrico Caruso was one of the most famous Italian opera singer who lived between the XIXth and the XXth century.

Material and methods:
On the occasion of the centenary of his death, we propose some mails that documented the correspondence between the tenor and Salvatore Marano, his otolaryngologist and dear friend.

Conclusions:
Reading the correspondence between them, we can appreciate an inedited side of the famous singer.
Optimization of semi-empirical mass formula co-efficients using least square minimization and variational Monte-Carlo approaches
Authors: Gora Swapna , Sastri O S K S , Soni S K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, both least squares minimization (LSM) and variational Monte-Carlo techniques have been implemented to determine the co-efficients of semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF). First, the experimental binding energies (BEs) are determined for all the available nuclei from atomic mass evaluation (AME2016) data. Then, LSM technique is implemented in Gnumeric worksheet to minimize relative mean squared error (RMSE) to obtain the SEMF co-efficients by considering only the first three co-efficients which are deduced from liquid drop model. The mean percentage error (MPE) value, between obtained BEs from the optimized co-efficients and the experimental BEs, has been determined. Then, to emphasize the relevance of empirical terms, they have been introduced successively one after other and the procedure has been repeated. A reduction in MPE-value has been observed after each iteration. This same procedure has also been employed using Monte-Carlo approach to obtain SEMF co-efficients by minimizing RMSE-value as in variational principle.
Measurement of the electric permittivity using Bleustein–Gulyaev wave sensor
Authors: Elhady Alaa , Abdel-Rahman Eihab 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a novel compact electric permittivity sensor that exploits Bleustein–Gulyaev waves propagating along the surface of shear-poled piezoelectrics. We formulate the dynamic nonlinear electromechanical partial differential equations of motion governing wave propagation under electromagnetically quasistatic conditions. The permittivity of the medium-under-test was found to influence the sensor eigenvalues, enabling the implementation of a frequency-shift permittivity sensor. Solution of the equations of motion demonstrates resonance of the first and third modes when excited using an interdigitated transducer. We fabricated two sensor prototypes on shear-poled PZT4 and LiNbO3 substrates and used a Vector Network Analyzer to observe the shift in their fundamental natural frequency in the presence of various media-under-test. S
11 measurements show deterministic and repeatable shifts in the resonant frequency of the first mode of the LiNbO3 sensor measured at

Δ

f
1

=
3.51

MHz for ethanol and

Δ

f
1

=
7.49

MHz for deionized water where the bare surface frequency was initially at

f
1

=
25.27

MHz.
Quantitative atomic order characterization of a Mn2FeAl Heusler epitaxial thin film
Authors: Kurdi Samer , Sakuraba Yuya , Masuda Keisuke , Tajiri Hiroo , Nair Bhaskaran , Nataf Guillaume F , Vickers Mary E , Reiss Günter , Meinert Markus , Dhesi Sarnjeet S , Ghidini Massimo , Barber Zoe H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effect of anti-site disorder on the half-metallic properties of a Mn2FeAl Heusler alloy thin film. The film was grown on TiN-buffered MgO 001 substrates via magnetron sputtering. A detailed structural characterization using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and anomalous XRD showed that the film crystallizes in the partially disordered L21
B structure with 33% disorder between the Mn(B) and Al(D) sites. We measure a positive anisotropic magnetoresistance in the film, which is an indication of non-half metallic behaviour. Our x-ray magnetic circular dichroism sum rules analysis shows that Mn carries the magnetic moment in the film, with a positive Fe moment. Experimentally determined moments correspond most closely with those found by density functional calculated for the L21
B structure with Mn(B) and Al(D) site disorder, matching the experimental structural analysis. We thus attribute the deviation from half-metallic behaviour to the formation of the L21
B structure. To realize a half-metallic Mn2FeAl film it is important that the inverse Heusler XA structure is stabilized with minimal anti-site atomic disorder.
Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge
Authors: Lemetayer J , Marion C , Fabre D , Plouraboué F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Multiple emitters systems have been previously used so as to increase charge density in the drift region, many times without producing sensible increment neither in total current nor ionic wind. This contribution focuses on analyzing the detailed physics behind this failure, that is named ‘multiple emitters un-scalability’. It is established that multiple emitters un-scalability is related to the inability of multiple corona discharge inceptions when increasing the emitter number and/or density. This confirms recent findings that corona discharge inception is shielded by electro-static interactions between emitters. This contribution demonstrates that this shielding can be balanced by emitter/collector electrostatic interactions depending on the considered configuration. For sufficiently close collector-emitter distances, ignition starts at the array center, whereas, on the contrary, when the collector is distant, the ignition not only starts at the array’s periphery but might also be limited there. It is also demonstrated that emitter/emitter electrostatic interactions can be balanced by emitter/collector ones, depending of their chosen configuration. This lead to a variety of multi-inception patterns, the condition of which are analyzed. Intermediate configurations for which the collector is neither sufficiently close nor distant from the emitter array center provide a variety of multi-inception patterns that are hereby analyzed. Combining finite element computations of multi-inception drift-diffusion modeling with experimental measurements, provides a coherent picture explaining why multiple emitters sources systems do not lead to full ignition, and also exhibit conditions for which it does, leading to multiple emitters scalable systems.
Electrospun Ti3C2T
x
MXene and silicon embedded in carbon nanofibers for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Huajun , Chen Gang , Du Fei , Wang Xin , Dall’Agnese Yohan , Gao Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In spite of outstanding theoretical specific capacity (∼3590 mAh g−1), huge volume change during lithiation/delithiation and poor conductivity hinder the practical applications of pure Si anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), requiring conductive additives and porous architectures. In this work, flexible and freestanding composite films made of two-dimensional Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanosheets and silicon particles embedded in carbon nanofiber (denoted as Ti3C2T
x
-Si@CNF) were prepared via electrospinning and used as LIB anodes. This new electrode design provides a 3D network architecture and high conductivity favorable for good electrochemical performance and long cycle life. Ti3C2T
x
-Si@CNF electrodes, containing 28% silicon retained high specific capacity of ∼1580 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and 720 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, and delivered a great rate performance with 289 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1. This is a significantly enhanced performance compared with Si particles embedded in CNF without Ti3C2T
x
(denoted Si@CNF). This work proposes a scalable manufacturing strategy for developing high-performance silicon-based anodes, overcoming the low conductivity and volume expansion issues.
Energy correlation of bottom quarks from decays of top quarks in electron–positron annihilation
Authors: Truten Ivan V , Korchin Alexander Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Joint energy distribution of the bottom quark and antiquark from decays of the top quark and antiquark produced in the reaction

e

+

e

−

→
t

t

¯

is studied. Main emphasis is put on CP-violation effects in the interaction of the photon and Z boson with the top quarks. Energy asymmetries of b and

b

¯

quarks, which give access to the CP-violating terms, are considered. To estimate the magnitude of these asymmetries, the CP-violating γtt and Ztt couplings are calculated in one-loop model with exchange of the Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. Interaction of this boson with the top quarks is assumed to include scalar and pseudoscalar couplings. Values of these couplings are constrained from the recent CMS analysis. Energy dependence of the asymmetries of b and

b

¯

quarks is calculated up to

s

=
1.2

TeV and some interesting features of their behavior are observed. These observables can be of interest for future studies at electron–positron colliders CLIC and ILC.
Hot carrier dynamics in MoS2/WS2 heterostructure
Authors: Zhu Lang , Song Zongpeng , Li Ran , Zhu Haiou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
TMDs based heterostructure have drawn much attention for its potential application in photoelectric devices benefiting from the rapid and effective carrier separation and ultra-long interlayer exciton lifetime. Recent studies on carrier dynamics of TMDs based heterostructures are mainly focused on the transfer process of photo-generated carriers across the interface and lifetime of interlayer exciton but little attention is paid on the dynamics of hot carriers. Here, the carrier dynamics of hot carriers in MoS2/WS2 heterostructure is investigated by transient absorption spectra. Rapid separation of electron and hole is observed. More importantly, hot carriers of C exciton, which contribute to the absorption of most of the visible light, could compensate for the carrier loss in the band edge exciton energy band through the intervalley transfer process. This re-injection process of hot carriers of C exciton could compensate for carrier depletion in photoelectric devices, thus may greatly improve the light utilization in optoelectronic devices.
Detection of fetal arrhythmias in non-invasive fetal ECG recordings using data-driven entropy profiling
Authors: Keenan Emerson , Karmakar Chandan , Udhayakumar Radhagayathri K , Brownfoot Fiona C , Lakhno Igor , Shulgin Vyacheslav , Behar Joachim A , Palaniswami Marimuthu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Fetal arrhythmias are a life-threatening disorder occurring in up to 2% of pregnancies. If identified, many fetal arrhythmias can be effectively treated using anti-arrhythmic therapies. In this paper, we present a novel method of detecting fetal arrhythmias in short length non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG) recordings. Approach. Our method consists of extracting a fetal heart rate time series from each NI-FECG recording and computing an entropy profile using a data-driven range of the entropy tolerance parameter r. To validate our approach, we apply our entropy profiling method to a large clinical data set of 318 NI-FECG recordings. Main Results. We demonstrate that our method (TotalSampEn) provides strong performance for classifying arrhythmic fetuses (AUC of 0.83) and outperforms entropy measures such as SampEn (AUC of 0.68) and FuzzyEn (AUC of 0.72). We also find that NI-FECG recordings incorrectly classified using the investigated entropy measures have significantly lower signal quality, and that excluding recordings of low signal quality (13.5% of recordings) increases the classification performance of TotalSampEn (AUC of 0.90). Significance. The superior performance of our approach enables automated detection of fetal arrhythmias and warrants further investigation in a prospective clinical trial.
Electric signals measured during plasma thin-film etching and their connection to the electron concentration and the properties of the treated surface
Authors: Dvořák P , Žemlička R , Přibyl R , Buršíková V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The electric characteristics of a discharge are usually changed when a thin film is deposited on or etched from a discharge electrode or a substrate. The electric characteristics include the plasma potential, discharge voltage and discharge current, including higher harmonic frequencies of these quantities. This fact can be used for the monitoring of various plasma processes, but the mechanism by which the thin film influences the electric characteristics of the discharge has not been fully clarified. Our study of diamond-like carbon (DLC) film etching verified that variations of electric discharge parameters are caused by variations of electron concentration, which is caused by a difference in the electron emission yield between the DLC film and its substrate.
Wind Environment Analysis of Ground-based Optical Observatory
Authors: Li Tao-Ran , Jiang Xiao-Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The telescopes and the infrastructures may alter the local wind environment around the observatory and further affect the observing environment. After the completion of site testing, it is necessary to analyze the wind environment of the entire site and plan the telescope layout to make use of the excellent conditions scientifically and rationally. Taking a typical observatory as an example, the effect of topographical features on the wind environment and the mutual interference between telescope enclosures are analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD simulations are compared with the seeing data from the Differential Image Motion Monitor, and the results are in good agreement, which verifies the effectiveness of the CFD method. The results of wind environment analysis can provide reasonable suggestions for site layout and construction, reducing the interference effects and improving the observing environment.