bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
अन्धवेग नाटकको तत्वपरक विश्लेषण {A metaphysical analysis of Andhavega drama}
Authors: गौतम Gautam वासुदेव Basudev 
Published: August 2022

अन्धवेग नाटक नाट्यसम्राट समको एक सशक्त नाटक हो । यस नाटकमा राणाकालीन समाजको एक सम्भ्रान्त परिवारको कथावस्तु समेटिएको छ । यस नाटकका नायक गरुढध्वजको अवस्थाको चर्चा गरिएको छ । गरुढध्वज सम्भ्रान्त परिवारका पात्र भए तापनि साधारण मानिस जस्तै छन् भने उनकी श्रीमती पम्फा आधुनिक प्रवृŒिाकी छिन् । उनको लवाइ आधुनिक ढङ्ग ढाँचाको छ । टिम्के चोली लगाउन मन पराउने उनलाई दर्जीले सनाइको खोलजस्तै चोली सिलाइ दिएकोमा ज्यादै नै रिसाउछिन् र नोकरलाई त्यो चोली दमाइ कहाँ पु¥याउन पठाउँछिन् । यस अवस्थाले उनी आधुनिक भएको देखिन्छ । त्यस घरमा गरुढध्वजका फुपू र उनका छोरा जयवीर तीर्थबाट लामो समयपछि आइपुग्छन् र उनीहरूलाई राम्रोसँग स्वागत सत्कार गरिएकोछ । जयवीरको खाइलाग्दो शारीरिक बनोटबाट पम्फा आकर्षित हुन्छिन् । उता जयवीरको विवाहवारी गर्ने कुरा चलेको हुन्छ तर उनी केटीको चरित्र ठिक नभएको बहाना बनाएर विवाह गर्दैनन् । अर्कोतिर जयवीरको विवाहप्रसँगले पम्फा चिन्तित भएकी छिन् । यस अवस्थासम्ममा उनीहरू धेरै नै नजिकी सकेका हुन्छन् । पम्फा अन्धो कामवासनाका कारण आफ्नै छोरा छोरी र श्रीमान् समेत पनि बाझिलो भएको अनुभव गरेकी छिन् । एकान्तको खोजीको क्रममा उनीहरू पशुपति जाने योजना बनाउँछन् । त्यहाँ आफ्नो कामवासना पूरा गराउन पम्फा हुन्छे तर यमदूत जस्तै गरी गरुढध्वज उपस्थित हुन्छन् । उनले जयवीरलाई मारेर पम्फालाई त्यहीँसँग सति जा भनी आफ्नो घर फर्कन्छन् । घरमा आफ्ना छोरा छोरीलाई अन्तिम पटक माया गरेर बिष सेवन गरी आत्महत्या गर्दछन् । पम्फा पनि घर पुग्छिन् र उनी संयोगले घरको कठबारबाट लडेर मर्दछिन् त्यसपछि नाटकको अन्त्य हुन्छ ।
धनकुटा जिल्लाका आधारभूत विद्यालयहरूमा शैक्षिक सामग्रीको उपयोग र व्यवस्थापन {Utilization and Management of Educational Materials in Basic Schools of Dhankuta District}
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari सपना Sapana 
Published: August 2022

यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य आधारभूत विद्यालयमा शैक्षिक सामग्रीको उपलब्धता, प्रयोगको र प्रभावकारिता विश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमार्फत निम्न अनुसन्धान प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर दिने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । विद्यालयमा कस्ता शैक्षिक सामग्री उपलब्ध छन् ? सिकाइमा ती सामग्रीहरू कसरी प्रयोग भएका छन् ? सामग्रीहरूको व्यवस्थापन कसरी गरिएको छ ? यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक विधिबाट सम्पन्न गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि धनकुटा जिल्लाको चौविसे गाउँपालिकाको क आधारभूत विद्यालय, ख आधारभूत विद्यालय, ग आधारभूत विद्यालय, घ आधारभूत विद्यालय र ड आधारभूत विद्यालयलाई उद्देश्यमुलक रूपमा छनौट गरिएको छ । यसमा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गर्न उक्त विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापक, शिक्षकहरू र विद्यार्थीाहरूसंग अन्तर्वाता निर्देशिकाको प्रयोग गरी सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षकले शैक्षिक सामग्रीको प्रयोगलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा लिइएको, विद्यालयलाई शैक्षिक सामग्री खरिदका लागि जिल्ला शिक्षा कार्यालय र नगरपालिकाले रकम उपलब्ध गराउने गरेको, नवीनतम प्रविधिको शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा भएको प्रयोगले शिक्षकहरूलाई शिक्षण कार्यमा उर्जा प्रदान गरेको, नवीनतम प्रविधिसँग परिचित भएको, सिकाई सरल, सहज, मनोरञ्जनात्मक र दिगो बनाएको जस्ता सूचना शिक्षकहरूबाट प्राप्त भयो । त्यस्तै शैक्षिक सामग्रीको समुचित प्रयोग गर्दा सिकाई छिटो र रमाइलो हुने साथै सिकेको कुरा लामो समयसम्म सम्झिन सकिएको जानकारी विद्यार्थीहरूबाट प्राप्त भयो ।
AIKIDOTHERAPY AS A METHOD OF OVERCOMING STRESS
Authors: Serputko O. , Stepanyuk S. , Slimakivskyi Oleg , Kharchenko-Baranetska Luidmyla 
Published: August 2022

The authors of this article consider Aikido in the context of its positive impact in the process of overcoming stress, normalization of the mental state, self-control, etc. Not limited to the perception of aikido as one of the types of martial arts or the discipline of Budo, we define its place as a separate recreational direction, i.e. aikidotherapy. The relevance and importance of which is especially increasing now, in the conditions of the global crisis and military actions on the territory of Ukraine, against the background of constant high emotional tension.
It was determined that a similar approach in the world practice of both psychological science and some European and American aikido schools is not new, but it is used mostly for the purpose of physiological and psycho-emotional rehabilitation and socialization when working with children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Most of the existing techniques are related to overcoming states of anxiety and isolation.
As for the approach proposed in the described experiment, it arose in the conditions of the functioning of a mixed aikido group in the realities of military actions in the zone of occupation. When, regardless of the presence of a direct threat to life in the occupied city due to the lack of foodstuffs and medicines and constant moral pressure from the occupation authorities, emotional exhaustion was observed, which was expressed in a general state of constant fatigue, reluctance to do anything, refusal of food and physical activity.
The presented article discloses and characterizes the state of physical culture and sports activities of aikido athletes, the effectiveness and relevance of which is not only in the formation of motor skills of self-defense and in the development of reaction, coordination and possession of weapons, as well as skillful work and effective interaction with a partner. One of the most important aspects of the aikido practice is the recreational component, which involves not only the restoration of the body and the study of certain techniques and movements, but also a powerful positive effect on self-control, the ability of focusing attention, and the reduction of the pain threshold both physical and emotional.
It was found that Aikido classes aimed at harmonizing the psycho-emotional sphere in order to overcome the effects of stress, using additional forms of work and influence, which included both physical exercises and psychological methods, had a significant positive effect on the well-being of the subjects.
The results of the presented research can be used at enterprises and in educational institutions for persons of any age to optimize the production and educational process, to improve the psychological state both in the team, and with the aim of normalizing the psycho-emotional and physical balance and harmony of each individual.
Doing Business in China – From Necessity to Competitive Advantage
Authors: Hanneforth P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper will give an outline of the dynamics and growing importance of China as a key factor in a company’s sourcing, manufacturing and marketing strategy for the coming decade and beyond. First some background information on China as a manufacturing hub and vast market place will be given. Subsequently various market entry strategies for Western companies will be discussed. There will be also a brief discussion of the cultural dimensions and challenges of doing business in China. Lastly a brief overview of the Chinese thermal spray industry and resulting business opportunities will be given.
Difference in Thought of Japanese Small and Medium Companies Obtained by Analyzing Questionnaire Results from the Viewpoint of Cost
Authors: Hirose S. , Kitahara S. , Ohmori A. , Mori K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have already shown at ITSC2004 that the questionnaire results obtained from job shop small and medium companies in Japan. In this presentation, we would show the results obtained by analyzing questionnaire from the wiewpoint of cost. We show one example here. As for the companies think that their thermal spraying work is profitable rathen than other company's work, expert’s skill is more important for in-process monitoring during thermal spraying. However, as for the companies think that sales obtained from coating is less than that of other companies, they needed expert's skill when doing pretreatment. In this way, the result obtained from our questionnaire would be helpful for establishing company's technological strategy. Abstract only; no full-text paper available.
Carbide Coatings on Fibre-Reinforced Anilox Rollers using the TeroStar Process
Authors: Langer G. , Kremsner A. , Polak R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Flexoprinting the acceleration of printing speed is the driving force to use more and more lightweight anilox rollers made out of glass or carbon fibre reinforced materials. On the other hand anilox roll manufacturers are constantly looking for coating materials allowing finer engraved structures and the processing of higher ink volumes at extended cleaning cycles. This paper describes basic trends in Flexoprinting and presents the development of a special carbide coating solution showing characteristic advantages compared to the standard plasma sprayed chromium oxide coating. Moreover the TeroStar-process is being presented as a suitable high velocity spraying process to apply this carbide coating onto fibre-reinforced anilox rolls by fulfilling the quality requirements for the laser engravement.
Property Analysis of Thermal Sprayed Glass-Composite Coatings
Authors: Eronen V. , Ahmaniemi S. , Niemi K. , Vuoristo P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate the properties of thermal sprayed glass-composite coatings, experimental measurements have been carried out. The coating demands such as thermal, electrical or mechanical resistance need to be optimised along with stress-minimizing procedures in order to reach high-quality surface coatings. The relevant properties aging, oxidation resistance and bond strength to the substrate are evaluated. Different material combinations were sprayed using the VPS, LPPS and HVOF processes, which combine several parameter sets and substrates. The results of the investigations show that coating properties such as conductivity, thermal expansion, porosity and surface roughness can be well directed influenced by controlling the mixture of the powder material, the pretreatment of the powder and particle size distribution.
High-Temperature Tensiometry by a Coupled Modeling and Experimental Approach
Authors: Moradian A. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new experimental/numerical method is proposed to measure the surface tension coefficient of high-melting-point materials. Regular surface tension measurement methods are basically limited by proper heating procedure and more importantly by materials used for containers. In the proposed method, radio frequency - Inductively Coupled Plasma (rf-ICP) is employed to melt materials. Dynamics of melting is photographed. The surface tension dominant phenomenon of melting is then numerically modeled. Interfacial tension, as the major parameters governing the dynamics of melt, is estimated by comparison between the theory and observation. The results for copper generally agree with those obtained in previous studies. Preliminary findings suggest promising application of the method for ceramics.
Plasma Sprayed Beryllium High Heat Flux Components
Authors: Hollis K.J. , Bartram B.D. , Rödig M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The development of beryllium first wall components for future magnetic confinement fusion experiments such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a topic of great importance as the ITER construction phase is about to begin. The beryllium components must be able to survive the harsh plasma environment for extended periods of time during operation. Furthermore, cost and detrimental health effects must be kept to a minimum during the fabrication and operation processes. The work described here details the requirements for ITER first wall components and describes experiments to produce beryllium high heat flux components by plasma spray deposition. Experimental parameters and characterization results from the components are presented. Results of initial high heat flux testing under electron beam irradiation show performance exceeding that required for ITER first wall components.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper
Authors: Calla E. , McCartney D.G. , Shipway P.H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deposition of copper by cold gas dynamic spraying has attracted much interest in recent years because of the capability to deposit low porosity oxide free coatings. However, it is generally found that as-deposited copper has a significantly greater hardness, and potentially lower ductility, than bulk material. This paper will describe work undertaken to investigate the effect of annealing heat treatments on the structure and mechanical properties of freestanding cold sprayed copper. After de-bonding from substrates these tracks were annealed for one hour at a range of temperatures up to 600 °C. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were all employed to examine the microstructure. The peak widths in XRD were analysed according to the Hall – Williamson method so that changes in grain size and microstrain (i.e. dislocation content) could be quantified. Mechanical behaviour of the deposits was studied by microhardness measurements and tensile testing. The influences of annealing on mechanical properties are rationalised in terms of microstructure evolution and its effect on strengthening and recrystallization mechanisms in metals. The softening behaviour of cold sprayed Cu is explained considering the low stacking fault energy of Cu and the possibility of dynamic recystallization occurring during spraying.
Study on Cold-Sprayed Copper Coating’s Properties and Optimizing Parameters for the Spraying Process
Authors: Xiong T. , Bao Z. , Li T. , Li Z. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold gas dynamic spraying is a promising technology and successfully applied to a wide range of materials. In this paper, orthogonal experimental method was introduced to seek out the optimal parameters for cold spraying copper coating. According to the results, standoff distance influenced the coating’s quality the most significantly as well as the carrier gas temperature had a remarkable impact either, but the carrier gas pressure and controlling voltage which influenced feeding speed subsequently had little influence on the coating’s quality. The coating’s porosity, bonding strength, microhardness and the coating’s conductivity were determined respectively. More over, optical and scanning electron microscopies were introduced to study the coating’s surface morphology and its internal structure. Also the effect of subsequent heat treatment on coating’s microhardness was investigated.
Particle Loading Effect in Cold Spray
Authors: Taylor K. , Jodoin B. , Karov J. , Richer P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray is a line of sight, high rate material deposition process that uses a supersonic flow to accelerate small particles (micron size powder) above a material dependent critical velocity. When the particles impact the substrate, they plastically deform and bond to form a coating. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of the particle mass flow rate on the properties of coatings sprayed using the Cold Spray process. Varying the mass flow rate at which the feedstock particles are fed into the carrier gas stream can change the thickness of the coating. It was shown that poor coating quality (peeling) was not a result of flow saturation but instead, excessive particle bombardment per unit area on the substrate. This can be overcome by increasing the relative velocity between the substrate and the spraying nozzle. The results are dense coatings, even at higher powder mass flow rates.
Examination of the Critical Velocity for Deposition of Particles in Cold Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Li W.-Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The critical velocity of copper powder for particle deposition in cold spraying was estimated both experimentally and theoretically. The dependency of the critical velocity on particle temperature was examined. The theoretical relationship between deposition efficiency and critical velocity at different spray angles was utilized to estimate the critical velocity experimentally. The numerical simulation of particle impact deformation was utilized to estimate the critical velocity theoretically. The estimation was performed for Cu particle under different particle temperatures. The experimental deposition was conducted using Cu particles of different temperatures under different spray angles to reveal the evidence of the dependency of the critical velocity on particle temperature. The theoretical estimation was based on the critical velocity corresponds to the particle velocity at which the impact begins to cause the adiabatic shear instability. It is found that the critical velocity is significantly influenced by particle temperature besides the type of material. The critical velocity of particle decreased with the increase in particle temperature, which is attributed to the thermal softening effect at elevated temperatures.
High Velocity Impact Phenomena and Coating Quality in Cold Spraying
Authors: Schmidt T. , Gärtner F. , Stoltenhoff T. , Kreye H. , Assadi H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Cold Spraying, bonding occurs when the impact velocities of particles exceed a critical value. This critical velocity depends not only on the type of spray material, but also on the powder quality, particle size and the particle impact temperature. For metallic materials, the critical velocity is in the range of 200 – 1200 m/s. In analogy with explosive welding, bonding in Cold Spraying is associated with adiabatic shear instabilities caused by high strain rate deformation during impact. Numerical and experimental methods are developed to investigate the influence of impact conditions and related phenomena on the coating quality. For a deeper understanding of impact phenomena and coating formation, the particle impact was modelled by using the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit. The numerical analyses indicate shear instabilities localized to the particle surfaces, and thus provide a basis for the calculation of critical velocity in terms of materials properties and process parameters. In addition, modelling is used to obtain information about the effect of process parameters on the bonding quality. For most materials, high-strain-rate data are not available. For a quantitative analysis, therefore, the respective materials behaviour was investigated through individual spraying experiments, which were complemented by additional relevant experiments such as impact tests or explosive powder compaction. In this way, impact dynamics, bonding mechanism and critical velocities could be linked. This type of analysis was proved as a powerful tool to reduce the number of experiments for the optimisation of coating quality in Cold Spraying and also to provide a broader overview of the process.
Cold Spray of Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni Alloy with Sc Addition
Authors: Ajdelsztajn L. , Zúñiga A. , Jodoin B. , Lavernia E.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work describes recent progress in Cold Spray of 2618 (Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni) aluminum alloy with Sc addition. Atomized 2618+Sc aluminum powder was sprayed onto aluminum substrates. 2618Al alloy is used for intermediate to high temperature applications in aerospace and automotive industry. The addition of Sc provides higher thermal stability to this alloy by the formation of fine Al3Sc particles. The Cold Spray process allows the fabrication of refined microstructure when compared to conventional manufacturing techniques such as casting. The microstructure of the powder and the resulting coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical behavior of the powder and the coating was studied using micro indentation measurements. The influence of different heat treatment conditions on the coating was also analyzed. This work shows that Al-Cu alloys with a refined grain structure microstructure can be successfully produced by the Cold Spray process.
Thermal Spraying – Simulation of Coating Structure
Authors: Wilden J. , Frank H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermal sprayed coatings are widely used to improve wear and corrosion behavior of metallic surfaces. The coating characteristics depend on the morphology, which can be designed and adjusted for special applications. Therefore the knowledge of the interaction of process parameters with the resulting structure plays a very important role in the optimization of coating processes. The implementation of mathematical models allows to foresee the coating characteristics and enhance quality and process efficiency as well. In this paper, a model of the vacuum plasma spray process is presented. Theoretical studies show the influence of process parameters on temperature and velocity within the plasma jet. Heating and acceleration of particles by the plasma and following the spreading, superposition, cooling and solidification of particles on the substrate are investigated. The resulting structure depends on plasma properties, injection conditions, particle parameters and substrate properties. Systematic studies show the effect of parameter variation on the particle properties, cooling and solidification behavior and subsequently on the coating structure.
A Systematic Approach to Particle-Substrate Interactions in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Kharlamov Y.A. , Chattha J.A. , Kharlamov M.Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The principles of system approach to modeling of sprayed particles interaction with substrate in process of thermal spraying of coatings are discussed. The proposed model have six levels for analysis of particle-substrate interaction system: functional, technological, mechanical interaction, thermal, mass transfer level, and metallophysics level.
A Thermal and Chemical Non-Equilibrium Model for Multi-Component Ar-H2 Plasma
Authors: Xue S. , Proulx P. , Boulos M.I. , Murphy T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A thermal and chemical non-equilibrium model is developed for the modelling of multi-component supersonic induction Ar-H2 plasma flows. The species included in the modelling are electrons(e), hydrogen ion(H+), hydrogen atoms(H), hydrogen molecules(H2), Argon ions(Ar+) and Argon atoms(Ar). The negative hydrogen ions(H-), molecular hydrogen ions(H2+) and second order ionisation are neglected. The chemical reactions considered in the modelling are the H2 dissociations and the corresponding recombination, induced by Ar atom and H2, and the ionisations of the hydrogen and Argon and the corresponding recombination. All the heavy species are assumed to have the same temperature (Ti). The electron temperature (Te) is allowed to deviate from that of heavy species. The energies for these chemical reactions have been treated as the source terms for energy conservation equations. As a result, the contributions of these chemical reactions to the total enthalpy are removed. Therefore, the heavy species temperature can be obtained by solving the thermal kinetic energy equation, rather than the total enthalpy equation. Yos’s mixing law is used to calculate the contribution of vibrational and rotational energies of hydrogen molecules to the thermal conductivity of heavy species. The transport properties are calculated using the formulas derived by Hirschfelder, Curtiss and Bird. The data of collision integrals or collision cross-sections between species in the mixture are taken from Murphy, Devoto and Mason’s publications. The binary mass diffusion coefficients between the species in the mixture are also calculated from these collision integral data. The mass diffusion of species in the mixture are modelled under the dilute approximation at present since the mole fraction of the principal species, Argon, in the whole computational region is more than 90%. For charged species, Ambipolar diffusion coefficients are used. Mass balance equations are solved to obtain the mass fractions or mole fractions or the number densities of all the species except for electrons. The electron number density is determined by the condition of electrical neutrality. The developed model is applied to the modelling of inductive plasma flow, generated by the Tekna PL-35 torch model, under different pressures and then to the supersonic plasma flow. The model has been validated by comparing the transport properties under the LTE conditions from this model with the corresponding published values.