bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the numerical model TSUNM3 to study the urban heat island and the intensity of precipitation over the Siberian city of Tomsk
Authors: Starchenko AV , Kizhner L I , Odintsov S L , Danilkin E A , Bart A A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the study is associated with the development and validation of the TSUNM3 model for numerical local weather prediction. The results of its application over a limited territory of the Siberian region are presented. A study of the characteristics of an urban "heat island" and the analysis of the reliability of forecasting precipitation have been carried out. The calculation results are compared with observations of the atmospheric boundary layer parameters obtained with meteorological instruments of the Joint Use Center "Atmosphere" at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Estimates of natural methane emissions into the atmosphere in the regions of Western Siberia by model simulations
Authors: Arzhanov M M , Denisov S N , Mokhov I I , Parfenova M R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Model estimates of changes in natural methane emissions into the atmosphere were obtained for the regions of Western Siberia, including the estimates of wetland ecosystems and decomposition of relict methane hydrates contributions to these changes in the high latitude cryolithozone. Regional model estimates of methane fluxes into the atmosphere were obtained using the results of calculations with the ensemble of global climate models CMIP6 under different scenarios of anthropogenic forcing for the 21st century. According to the model estimates, the increase in regional natural methane emissions in the 21st century under the SSP585 scenario with the most aggressive anthropogenic impacts is more than 2 times greater than under the SSP126 scenario with the least aggressive anthropogenic impacts. Dissociation of relic methane hydrates in the permafrost resulting in methane emissions into the atmosphere in the north of Western Siberia are estimated to be considerably less significant compared to the regional emissions of wetland ecosystems under current climatic changes.
Variability of thoron distribution in the surface atmosphere at Borok Geophysical Observatory
Authors: Anisimov S V , Dmitriev E M , Aphinogenov K V , Kozmina A S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The variability of radon-220 (thoron) distribution in the surface atmosphere is investigated by mathematical modeling of thoron turbulent transport, based on the data of continuous field natural observations at Borok Geophysical Observatory (Central Russia). The thoron flux from the surface was set according to the observations. Variations of turbulent diffusion coefficient altitude profiles were calculated by the observations of wind velocity pulsations at two altitudes made synchronously on the same location. The altitude profiles of thoron volumetric activity typical for the atmospheric surface layer are estimated. It is shown that the thoron volumetric activities at any altitudes vary concurrently, but the largest thoron volumetric activity, as well as its gradient, occurs below 0.5 m at nighttime.
Unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” for studying turbulent structure of atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Chechin D G , Artamonov A Yu , Bodunkov N YE , Kalyagin M Yu , Kunashuk A A , Shestakova A A , Shevchenko A M , Zhivoglotov D N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” having a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) scheme with a compact meteorological payload is designed for an application to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) studies. The main purpose of such an observational platform is to supplement traditional mast observations by sampling horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities of mean variables and turbulent statistics. Such observations are needed to advance turbulence theory especially for the ABL over inhomogeneous landscapes and also in non-stationary conditions. The VTOL scheme is chosen as it provides a safer take-off and landing and is less demanding to the landing conditions. The designed turbulence payload consists of a seven-hole probe, inertial navigation system and a fast-response platinum-wire temperature sensor. It is complemented with the static pressure sensor, a slow-response temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared surface temperature sensor. The data acquisition and logging is performed by an on-board computer. The designed system has been successfully tested in the summer campaign in 2020 in Tsimlyansk, Russia.
Satellite-derived estimations of the clear-air turbulence in the upper troposphere
Authors: Nerushev A F , Visheratin K N , Ivangorodsky R V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of turbulence zones in the upper troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere based on measurements from European geostationary meteorological satellites in 2007 - 2018. The essence of the method for determining the zones of turbulence is the use of inhomogeneity’s of concentration of water vapor as tracers and the use of correlation-extremal algorithms. Turbulence zones with a horizontal mesoscale turbulent diffusion coefficient Ked
≥ 104 m2 / s can occupy up to 50% of the Northern Hemisphere area visible from satellites. It is shown that in analyzed time interval there is a significant (by 60-120%) increase in areas occupied by relatively weak and moderate turbulence and a slight decrease (by 6-33%) in areas with strong and very strong turbulence. The temporal variability of these zones and their relationship with the characteristics of jet streams and some climatic parameters are analyzed. A statistical model of the temporal variability of the turbulence zone areas has been built. It is shown that the multiple linear regression model with jet stream characteristics as predictors describes up to 68% of variability of zones of strong turbulence. The use of climatic parameters as predictors makes it possible to describe up to 74% of the temporal variability of strong turbulence zones.
The role of winter net heat fluxes on the modulation of the upper mixed layer temperature and depth in the North Atlantic by the reanalysis data
Authors: Sukhonos P A , Diansky N A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The role of winter net heat fluxes (NHF) on the upper mixed layer (UML) temperature and depth variability over the North Atlantic is studied using ocean reanalysis data products. The monthly data from the ORA-S3 (1959–2011), GODAS (1980–2020), GECCO3 (1948–2018) datasets were used. The correlation coefficients were calculated between the anomalies of the NHF on the ocean surface and the UML temperature and depth with a shift of 1 month when the former were leading. In most of the North Atlantic, negative correlations between the UML temperature and the NHF preceding 1 month were found. Here, the UML temperature anomalies are probably caused by changes in heat exchange with the atmosphere. Areas of significant positive correlations across all data sets are concentrated in the area of the transition of the Gulf Stream to the North Atlantic Current. Almost the entire water area of the North Atlantic is occupied by positive correlations between the mixed layer depth in winter and the NHF on the ocean surface, with the latter leading for 1 month.
Sodar observation of the breeze return currents over the coastal zone of the Black Sea
Authors: Lyulyukin V , Zaitseva D , Kuznetsov D , Repina I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The breeze circulation was studied with the help of sodars in 2 short-term expeditions on the northern coast of the Black Sea. The measurements were carried out at a stationary oceanographic platform located 400 m from the coast. The main attention was paid to the vertical structure of breeze flows with the accompanying return currents aloft. The existence of turbulent exchange between the near-sea breeze flow and the return current at an altitude of several hundred meters is shown. Hence, the return current must be taken into account when determining the height of the mixing layer above the sea surface in the offshore zone.
X-shaped Tip Graft: A Versatile Solution for Warping Correction in Rib Cartilage–Based Rhinoplasty
Authors: Wu Lehao , You Jianjun , Wang Huan , Tian Le , Xu Yihao , Zheng Ruobing , Zhang Xulong , Guo Junsheng , Fan Fei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
An enduringly stable tip graft is the key to achieving successful rhinoplasty. However, the intrinsic tendency of rib grafts to warp renders the long-term outcome of cartilage-based rhinoplasty highly unpredictable.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to detail and validate the utilization of a tip graft that is characterized by a circumferential split on the tip graft, which creates a shape similar to the letter X.

Methods
The counterrotating force applied intraoperatively and the complications that arose were examined retrospectively. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric evaluations of patients was performed. Anthropometric points were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Outcome variables were tip projection, nasal length, tip rotation, and the nasion-pronasale angulation.

Results
Forty-five female patients, ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (average, 28.5 years) completed the study. In all cases, the X graft was applied as an essential element for enhancing tip projection. Postoperative analysis showed excellent maintenance of tip position over time, evidenced by insignificant changes in nasion-pronasale angulation. Other postoperative evaluations, including tip projection, nasal length, and nasolabial angle, showed significant improvement. The differences were not statistically different between short- and long-term follow-up.

Conclusions
The X graft effectively mitigates the negative impact of graft warping. It is the ultimate form for tip support and for elongating short noses. It has the merits of versatility and flexibility when used to create a strong and sustainable tip support in East Asian rhinoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Validated LC/MS/MS Method for the Determination of Rivastigmine in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Egyptian Volunteers to Determine the Effect of Gender and Body Mass Index
Authors: ElKady Ehab F , Mostafa Eman A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effect of gender and body mass index (BMI) on the pharmacokinetics of rivastigmine was studied in Egyptian human subjects using new bio-analytical validated LC/MS/MS method. In this study, Rivastigmine was estimated in human plasma using Escitalopram as an internal standard (IS). Rivastigmine and Escitalopram were extracted from human plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction using diethyl ether (DEE)–dichloromethane (DCM) (70:30, v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed phase C18 INERTSIL ODS column using 0.05% aqueous formic acid, acetonitrile in the ratio (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was applied and operated by positive mode electrospray ionization. A significant difference between male and female Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (P = 0.0205; CL = 95.4) was found using Mann–Whitney U test. Also, a moderate negative correlation was found between BMI and Tmax (time to peak plasma concentration) using spearman rho test. The calculated results confirm the difference of Rivastigmine pharmacokinetics between male and female subjects. Furthermore, it indicates that Rivastigmine dose adjustment may be necessary. The method was applied for the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters in volunteers (n = 26, 17 male and 9 female) and the effects of gender and BMI were investigated.
Increased mortality after kidney transplantation in mildly frail recipients
Authors: Pérez-Sáez María José , Arias-Cabrales Carlos E , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Burballa Carla , Buxeda Anna , Bach Anna , Faura Anna , Junyent Ernestina , Marco Ester , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Crespo Marta , Pascual Julio ,   for the FRAIL-MAR Study Group, Pérez-Sáez María José , Arias-Cabrales Carlos E , Redondo Dolores , Barbosa Francesc , Cao Higini , Collado Silvia , Buxeda Anna , Burballa Carla , Crespo Marta , Pascual Julio , Faura Anna , Vera María , Bach Anna , Pedreira Guillermo , Junyent Ernestina , Folgueiras Montserrat , Castillo Yolanda , Martínez Aida , Fernández Marisol , Barbero Eva , Causadías Rosa , Carazo Jesús , Cecchini Lluis , Marco Ester , de Valderrama Delky Meza , Morgado Andrea , Muñoz Elena , Nogués Xavier , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Vázquez Olga , Muns María Dolores , Gárriz Miguel , Gómez María Polo , Hurtado Sara , López Maite , Ribera Laura , Guino Margarita , Roca Ramón , Calls Jordi , Rovira Alicia , Mora Josep , Ibrik Omar , Liria Florentina , López Thaïs , Almirall Jaume , Moya Carmen , Moreno Fátima , de Arellano Manel Ramírez , Rubio Sandra , Cidraque Ignacio , Pájaro Carlota , Garra Núria , Galcerán Josep , Fenollar Marina , Outón Sara , Dapena Fabiola , Jara Josep , García Rosa , Manresa Mònica 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) is the most used frailty instrument among kidney transplant recipients, classifying patients as pre-frail if they have 1–2 criteria and as frail if they have ≥3. However, different definitions of robustness have been used among renal patients, including only those who have 0 criteria, or those with 0–1 criteria. Our aim was to determine the impact of one PFP criterion on transplant outcomes.

Methods
We undertook a retrospective study of 296 kidney transplant recipients who had been evaluated for frailty by PFP at the time of evaluating for transplantation.

Results
Only 30.4% of patients had 0 criteria, and an additional 42.9% showed one PFP criterion. As PFP score increased, a higher percentage of women and cerebrovascular disease were found. Recipients with 0–1 criteria had lower 1-year mortality after transplant than those with ≥2 (1.8% vs 10.1%), but this difference was already present when we only considered those who scored 0 (mortality 1.1%) and 1 (mortality 2.4%) separately. The multivariable analysis confirmed that one PFP criterion was associated to a higher risk of patient death after kidney transplantation [hazard ratio 3.52 (95% confidence interval 1.03–15.9)].

Conclusions
Listed kidney transplant candidates frequently show only one PFP frailty criterion. This has an independent impact on patient survival after transplantation.
The role of bacterial transport systems in the removal of host antimicrobial peptides in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Blair Jessica M A , Zeth Kornelius , Bavro Vassiliy N , Sancho-Vaello Enea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global issue that threatens our progress in healthcare and life expectancy. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as promising alternatives to the classic antibiotics. AMPs are potentially superior due to their lower rate of resistance development, since they primarily target the bacterial membrane (‘Achilles' heel’ of the bacteria). However, bacteria have developed mechanisms of AMP resistance, including the removal of AMPs to the extracellular space by efflux pumps such as the MtrCDE or AcrAB–TolC systems, and the internalization of AMPs to the cytoplasm by the Sap transporter, followed by proteolytic digestion. In this review, we focus on AMP transport as a resistance mechanism compiling all the experimental evidence for the involvement of efflux in AMP resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and combine this information with the analysis of the structures of the efflux systems involved. Finally, we expose some open questions with the aim of arousing the interest of the scientific community towards the AMPs—efflux pumps interactions. All the collected information broadens our understanding of AMP removal by efflux pumps and gives some clues to assist the rational design of AMP-derivatives as inhibitors of the efflux pumps.
Resprouting in European beech confers resilience to high-frequency fire
Authors: Moris Jose V , Berretti Roberta , Bono Alessia , Sino Riccardo , Minotta Gianfranco , Garbarino Matteo , Motta Renzo , Vacchiano Giorgio , Maringer Janet , Conedera Marco , Ascoli Davide 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEuropean beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can regenerate successfully from seeds after mixed-severity fires with mid-to-long fire return intervals (&gt;60 years). However, if fire return interval is lower than the age of sexual maturity, post-fire seeding will be limited, leaving vegetative resprouting as the only viable option for recovery. This means that the forecasted increase in fire frequency driven by climate change may erode beech forest resilience to fire. Here, we surveyed tree regeneration in a European beech forest affected by two consecutive fires, in 2003 and 2017, and applied experimental clipping of tree saplings to address the following questions: (1) What is the fire resistance and post-fire recovery via resprouting of tree saplings? (2) Which factors drive post-fire resprouting of beech saplings? (3) Does post-fire clipping of tree saplings increase the probability of survival and resprouting vigor? We monitored 2195 beech saplings and 953 saplings of other tree species during three consecutive years, from 2018 to 2020. Almost all beech saplings were top-killed by fire, and two-thirds of them died completely. However, 3 years after the second fire, 30 per cent of beech saplings survived by resprouting from the base. Post-fire resprouting was less likely in small-diameter saplings and in those more injured by fire. Overall, the second fire did not cause a major decline of beech regeneration and consequently did not alter the dominant species composition of post-fire recovery. Given the low specific resistance to fire, post-fire resprouting of saplings is therefore a key component of beech resilience to short-interval fires. The effects of clipping on post-fire survival and resprouting vigor were very limited, suggesting the unsuitability of actively clearing burned beech regeneration as a post-fire management prescription. In conclusion, basal resprouting from beech saplings after fire-induced top-kill led to a higher-than-expected resilience of beech to short-interval fires (i.e. circa 15 years).
Bartonella quintana Infection in People Experiencing Homelessness in the Denver Metropolitan Area
Authors: Shepard Zachary , Vargas Barahona Lilian , Montalbano Gabrielle , Rowan Sarah E , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Madinger Nancy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Bartonella quintana is an important cause of infection amongst people experiencing homelessness that is underdiagnosed due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations. We reviewed cases identified in the Denver metropolitan area in 2016–2021.

Methods
The electronic medical records from 2 large academic medical centers in Colorado were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of patients with B. quintana infection confirmed by blood culture, serologies, and/or molecular testing from July 2016 to December 2021.

Results
Fourteen patients with B. quintana infection were identified. The mean age was 49.5 years (SD 12.7 years) and 92.9% of patients were male. Twelve patients had history of homelessness (85.7%) and 11 were experiencing homelessness at the time of diagnosis (78.6%). Most frequent comorbidities included substance use (78.6%), of which 42.9% had alcohol use disorder. The average time to blood culture positivity was 12.1 days (SD 6.2 days). Three patients with bacteremia had negative B. quintana IgG, and 6 of 14 (42.8%) patients had evidence of endocarditis on echocardiography.

Conclusions
B. quintana is an underrecognized cause of serious infection in individuals experiencing homelessness. Serologic and microbiologic testing, including prolonged culture incubation, should be considered in at-risk patients due to ongoing transmission in homeless populations.
Gravid uterine torsion after prone positioning in SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Hendriks Bavo , van Uitert Evelyne , Schoenmakers Sam , Duvekot Johannes J , Gommers Diederik , Cornette Jérôme M J ,   COVPREG Study Group, van de Sande Davy , van Bommel Jasper , van Kampen Jeroen J A , Cornette Jérôme 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A multiparous pregnant patient was admitted to the intensive care unit in her third trimester of pregnancy for prone positioning mechanical ventilation after developing SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Repositioning in left lateral tilt was followed by uterine contractions and cardiotocography alterations. Preterm caesarean section was performed based on persistent foetal tachycardia and suspected foetal distress, followed by a per-operative diagnosis of uterine levotorsion. This case report is the first to explore a potential causal link between prolonged prone positioning in late pregnancy and postural gravid uterine torsion and highlights the need for appropriate foetal monitoring during prone positioning mechanical ventilation support.
On high-order numerical schemes for viscous relativistic hydrodynamics through the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
Authors: Townsend Jamie F , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Könözsy László , Jenkins Karl W 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This work assesses the dissipative properties of high-order numerical methods for relativistic hydrodynamics. A causal theory of physical dissipation is included within a finite volume high-resolution shock-capturing framework based on the Israel–Stewart theory to study high-order WENO (weighted-essentially non-oscillatory) schemes for simulating the relativistic Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We provide an estimation of the numerical dissipation of high-order schemes based on results obtained both with and without physically resolved dissipation and determine an empirical relationship between the numerical dissipation and the grid resolution. We consider the appearance of secondary flow features within the evolution of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and determine that they are numerical artifacts — this is partly based on arguments presented in terms of a frame-dependent form of the relativistic Reynolds number. There is a potential advantage of using high-order schemes in terms of their accuracy and computational cost on coarser grid resolutions when directly compared to low-order schemes on a fine grid in the presence of physical viscosity. It is possible to find reasonable agreement between numerical results that employ lower-order schemes using a finer grid resolution and results that employ higher order schemes at a coarser grid resolution when sufficient viscosity is present. Overall, the present analysis gives an insight into the numerical dissipation of high-order shock-wave capturing schemes which can be relevant to computational studies of astrophysical phenomena in the relativistic regime. The results presented herein are problem and scheme-dependent and serve to highlight the different roles of numerical and physical dissipation.