bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korrosionsmonitoring in ungerissenem Stahlbeton in der Schädigungsphase – neue Forschungserkenntnisse
Authors: Fraundorfer Andreas , Dauberschmidt Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie durch Tausalz und Carbonatisierung hervorgerufene Korrosion von Betonstahl verursacht in Mitteleuropa jedes Jahr einen erheblichen Instandsetzungsaufwand. Der Einsatz von Korrosionsmonitoring an Stahlbetonbauwerken ermöglicht die Beurteilung, ob eine Schädigung bereits stattgefunden hat und wie schnell diese fortschreitet. So kann das Eindringen der Depassivierungsfront in ein chloridbelastetes Bauwerk festgestellt oder bei bereits stattfindender Korrosion die Größenordnung des Schädigungsfortschritts abgeschätzt werden. Somit kann durch den Einbau entsprechender Sensoren in bestehende Bauwerke der Instandsetzungserfolg nach Abschluss von Instandsetzungsarbeiten nach Verfahren 8.3 gemäß der Technischen Regel Instandhaltung von Betonbauwerken des DIBt nachgewiesen werden. Bislang gibt es jedoch kein Regelwerk für das Korrosionsmonitoring. Im Jahr 2018 wurde erstmals ein Merkblatt B12 der DGZfP veröffentlicht, das als Leitfaden dienen kann. Darüber hinaus wurde in den letzten drei Jahren in Deutschland ein breit angelegtes WIPANO‐Forschungsprojekt mit dem Namen „KoMICS“ mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, offene Fragen beim Korrosionsmonitoring zu beantworten. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in eine DAfStb‐Richtlinie einfließen, die sich derzeit in Bearbeitung befindet. Nachfolgend werden die relevanten Erkenntnisse der von der Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften München untersuchten Fragestellung zum Korrosionsmonitoring an ungerissenen Stahlbetonbauteilen in der Schädigungsphase vorgestellt.
Genome editing technologies, mechanisms and improved production of therapeutic phytochemicals: Opportunities and prospects
Authors: Mitra Sicon , Anand Uttpal , Ghorai Mimosa , Kant Nishi , Kumar Manoj , Radha  , Jha Niraj K. , Swamy Mallappa K. , Proćków Jarosław , de la Lastra José M. Pérez , Dey Abhijit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlants produce a large number of secondary metabolites, known as phytometabolites that may be employed as medicines, dyes, poisons, and insecticides in the field of medicine, agriculture, and industrial use, respectively. The rise of genome management approaches has promised a factual revolution in genetic engineering. Targeted genome editing in living entities permits the understanding of the biological systems very clearly, and also sanctions to address a wide‐ranging objective in the direction of improving features of plant and their yields. The last few years have introduced a number of unique genome editing systems, including transcription activator‐like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and miRNA‐regulated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9). Genome editing systems have helped in the transformation of metabolic engineering, allowing researchers to modify biosynthetic pathways of different secondary metabolites. Given the growing relevance of editing genomes in plant research, the exciting novel methods are briefly reviewed in this chapter. Also, this chapter highlights recent discoveries on the CRISPR‐based modification of natural products in different medicinal plants.
A reinforcement learning‐based hybrid modeling framework for bioprocess kinetics identification
Authors: Mowbray Max R. , Wu Chufan , Rogers Alexander W. , Rio‐Chanona Ehecatl A. Del , Zhang Dongda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConstructing predictive models to simulate complex bioprocess dynamics, particularly time‐varying (i.e., parameters varying over time) and history‐dependent (i.e., current kinetics dependent on historical culture conditions) behavior, has been a longstanding research challenge. Current advances in hybrid modeling offer a solution to this by integrating kinetic models with data‐driven techniques. This article proposes a novel two‐step framework: first (i) speculate and combine several possible kinetic model structures sourced from process and phenomenological knowledge, then (ii) identify the most likely kinetic model structure and its parameter values using model‐free Reinforcement Learning (RL). Specifically, Step 1 collates feasible history‐dependent model structures, then Step 2 uses RL to simultaneously identify the correct model structure and the time‐varying parameter trajectories. To demonstrate the performance of this framework, a range of in‐silico case studies were carried out. The results show that the proposed framework can efficiently construct high‐fidelity models to quantify both time‐varying and history‐dependent kinetic behaviors while minimizing the risks of over‐parametrization and over‐fitting. Finally, the primary advantages of the proposed framework and its limitation were thoroughly discussed in comparison to other existing hybrid modeling and model structure identification techniques, highlighting the potential of this framework for general bioprocess modeling.
Lifetime alcohol‐use prevalence and correlated factors among street children in Iran
Authors: Roshanfekr Payam , Ali Delaram , Noroozi Mehdi , Bahrami Giti , Vameghi Meroe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies on street children in Iran reported a high prevalence of alcohol consumption among this group. This study assessed the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use and correlated factors among street children in Iran.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey among 856 street children from six provinces of Iran. Behavioral data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Our target outcome was lifetime alcohol use. We examined associations between individual variables and lifetime alcohol use using the chi‐square. A multiple logistic regression model included variables with a p‐value < .2. Lastly, we reported the adjusted odds ratio (an OR) point estimate and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect measure.ResultsMean age and standard deviation (SD) of alcohol drinkers were 14.94 ± 2.16. Overall, 16.6% (CI95%: 14.38%, 19.55%) of participants reported lifetime alcohol use, and almost 60% of children reported alcohol use over three past months. In the final model, factors that were independently associated with alcohol use included the 15–18 age range (AOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.48−3.73), Iranian nationality (AOR 3.36, 95% CI 2.07−5.45), working longer than 5 years in the streets (AOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.72−4.88), father's drug use (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.22−3.01), and illiteracy (AOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03−2.66).ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrated that preventive plans for alcohol use among street children must be addressed using the services provided by governmental and nongovernmental organizations.
Investigation on the regulatory T cells signature and relevant Foxp3/STAT3 axis in esophageal cancer
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhao Qijie , Wang Xing , Pilapong Chalermchai , Li Yi , Zou Jun , Jin Jing , Rong Jinfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegulatory T cells (Tregs) have an important role in accelerating the immunosuppression of tumor. Tregs regulation is a hopeful strategy to improve the dismal prognosis of Esophageal cancer (EC), while its mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified.MethodsTo characterize the role of Tregs in EC, we comprehensively explored its prognostic value, clinical pathology partnership, related biological functions and potential mechanisms at transcriptome level. Through the integrated analysis of GEO and TCGA datasets, we comprehensively evaluated the Tregs infiltration patterns in EC patients. The correlation between Tregs infiltration and genomic characteristics, as well as biological functions were analyzed by a variety of computational algorithms.ResultsWe observed that Tregs were significantly upregulated in EC and involved in various immune processes. According to TCGA and GEO transcriptional classification schemes, Tregs specific genes were observed to be highly expressed in tumor samples, as well as were closely associated with poor prognosis and worse clinical outcomes. In addition, EC patients can be stratified into high‐risk and low‐risk immune subgroups according to Tregs/macrophages infiltration level, and the results showed significant differences in tumor development, biological processes and probe gene expression pattern. The multi‐variate analysis revealed that the interaction between STAT3 and Foxp3 was a potential prognostic signature of Tregs in EC, especially the modulation effect of STAT3 on Foxp3 expression, which has not been well studied in EC. We also identified that STAT3 and Foxp3 expression presented a high accuracy in predicting Tregs infiltration level in EC patients (AUC: 0.817; 95% CI: 0.756–0.878).ConclusionsOur results revealed that Tregs have the potential to predict prognosis and tumor deterioration in EC patients. A comprehensive landscape of Tregs regulation mechanisms will help us interpret the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME) and novel strategies for EC immunotherapy.
Understanding what matters to metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients when considering treatment options: A US patient preference survey
Authors: George Daniel J. , Mohamed Ateesha F. , Tsai Jui‐Hua , Karimi Milad , Ning Ning , Jayade Sayeli , Botteman Marc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how patients perceive the efficacy, safety, and administrative burden of treatments for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) can facilitate shared‐decision making for optimal management. This study sought to elicit patient preferences for mCRPC treatments in the US.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey using the discrete‐choice experiment method. Participants were asked to state their choices over successive sets of treatment alternatives, defined by varying levels of treatment attributes: overall survival (OS), months until patients develop a fracture or bone metastasis, likelihood of requiring radiation to control bone pain, fatigue, nausea, and administration (i.e., oral/IV injection/IV infusion). Using mixed logit models, we determined the value (i.e., preference weights) that respondents placed on each attribute. Relative attribute importance (RAI) and marginal rates of substitution (MRS) were calculated to understand patients' willingness to make tradeoffs among different attributes.ResultsThe final data set numbered 160 participants, with a mean age of 71.6 years old and a mean of 8.96 years since prostate cancer diagnosis. Participants' treatment preferences were as follows: OS (RAI: 31%), bone pain control (23%), nausea (16%), delaying fracture or bone metastasis (15%), fatigue (11%), and administration (3%). The MRS demonstrated that respondents were willing to trade 1.9 months of OS to eliminate moderate nausea and 3.3 months of OS for a reduction in fatigue from severe to mild.ConclusionsImproving OS is the highest priority for patients with mCRPC, but they are willing to trade some survival to reduce the risk of requiring radiation to control bone pain, delay a fracture or bone metastasis, and experience less severe nausea and fatigue.
Synthetic and Medicinal Perspective of 1,2,4‐Triazole as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Rathod Bhagyashri , Kumar Kapil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Many researchers are working to design and develop heterocyclic‐based drugs with the potential to treat cancer at various stages. There is always an unmet need to discover new anticancer drugs to treat different types of cancer. Based on literature reports, it was evident that hybrid 1,2,4‐triazoles exhibit a wide spectrum of biological potential (particularly potent anticancer activity), as compared to the corresponding monocyclic compounds. In this review, we summarized fused/hybrid 1,2,4‐triazole and poly‐functionalized 1,2,4‐triazoles as anticancer agents. Triazole may be fused with other heterocyclic scaffolds like pyrimidine, pyridine, piperidine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, thiadiazine, indole, phthalazine etc. A clear explanation of the method of synthesis, structure‐activity relationship, and in vitro results plus the inhibitory concentration of new molecules are focused on in this review article.
Advance in the Polymerization Strategy for the Synthesis of β‐Peptides and β‐Peptoids
Authors: Xiao Ximian , Zhou Min , Cong Zihao , Zou Jingcheng , Liu Runhui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeptide mimics, possessing excellent biocompatibility and protease stability, have attracted broad attention and research in the biomedical field. β‐Peptides and β‐peptoids, as two types of vital peptide mimics, have demonstrated great potential in the field of foldamers, antimicrobials and protein binding, etc. Currently, the main synthetic strategies for β‐peptides and β‐peptoids include solid‐phase synthesis and polymerization. Among them, polymerization in one‐pot can minimize the repeated separation and purification used in solid‐phase synthesis, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and can synthesize β‐peptides and β‐peptoids with high molecular weight. This review summarizes the polymerization methods for β‐peptides and β‐peptoids. Moreover, future developments of the polymerization method for the synthesis of β‐peptides and β‐peptoids will be discussed.
Double trouble: A case of fraternal twins with iron‐refractory iron‐deficiency anemia
Authors: Malherbe Jacques A. J. , Cole Catherine H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIron‐refractory iron‐deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that presents in childhood. We report the case of fraternal twins presenting with severe hypochromic microcytic anemia and hypoferritinemia. Two missense mutations affecting the TRMPSS6 gene were identified, consistent with IRIDA. Subsequent parenteral iron therapy improved clinical and blood parameters.
Effect of Preparation Method on the Performance of Cu−Mn−(La)−Zr Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Yang Jinhai , Wang Shiwei , Xiao Fukui , Zhao Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of Cu−Mn−(La)−Zr catalysts with molecular ratios of 6 : 3 : (0.35) : 1 was synthesized by sol‐gel (CMLZ−S), co‐precipitation (CML−CP, CMLZ−CP) and hydrothermal (CMLZ−H) methods, respectively. The effects of the Mn and La on the activity of catalysts were investigated. It was found that the addition of La promoted the formation of the medium basic sites. Mn acted as an electronic promotor that transfer electrons through redox reactions, causing other metals to exhibit different valence states, thus promoting the adsorption and activation of H2 and CO2. At a certain temperature, methanol selectivity decreased in the order of CMLZ−H>CMLZ−S>CMLZ−CP>CMZ−CP. The selectivity of methanol is correlated with the distribution of basic sites. For the CMLZ−H catalyst, the highest percentage of moderate basic sites facilitated the activation of CO2, resulting in the highest selectivity of methanol. The CO2 conversion was correlated with the Cu specific surface area.
Regenerative low‐cost ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization, and application in desulphurization of flue gases
Authors: Kumar Avanish , Dhakad Vinod Kumar , Jana Susanta Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree ionic liquids (ILs) containing the same cation but different anions were synthesized and used to separate SO2 from its mixture with air in a semi‐batch bubble column absorber. Desulphurization efficiency was determined using a state‐of‐the‐art experimental set‐up relevant to chemical process industries concerning the important process variables. The virgin and exhausted ILs were characterized using TGA, FTIR, and 1H NMR analyses. The concentrations of SO2 at the inlet to and exit from the absorber were measured using a ZRJFAY36, Fuji, Japan infrared SO2 analyzer. A maximum of 92 percent removal efficiency (PRE) was achieved from a feed gas containing 250–1500 ppm SO2 with the use of 2‐hydroxyethyl ammonium lactate [MEA][L] or tri (2‐hydroxyethyl) ammonium lactate ([TEA][L]), as the absorbents. This could be further enhanced by the interactive effect of the simultaneous increase in the superficial velocity of the gas and the volume of IL fed into the absorber. However, PRE was about 20% less with tri (2‐hydroxyethyl) ammonium salicylate ([TEA][S]). It was observed that the ILs, [MEA][L] and [TEA][L], were fairly suitable for flue gas desulphurization in industrial situations. A design criterion for continuous operation using two semi‐batch absorbers has been proposed.
The prognostic marker elastin correlates with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and vimentin‐positive fibroblasts in gastric cancer
Authors: Fang Tianyi , Zhang Lei , Yin Xin , Wang Yufei , Zhang Xinghai , Bian Xiulan , Jiang Xinju , Yang Shuo , Xue Yingwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElastin (ELN) fibers are essential constituents of the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies have investigated the clinical prognostic significance of ELN in GC. We screened for molecular markers that were highly related to distant metastasis by transcriptome sequencing. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Harbin Medical University (HMU) validation cohorts were used to validate ELN expression and to explore molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry for ELN, vimentin (VIM), and fibroblast activation protein, and elastic fiber‐specific staining were used to evaluate the relationship between ELN and prognosis. R studio was used to construct a nomogram prognostic model. In this study, we found that ELN mRNA levels were significantly higher in cancer tissues and were associated with poor prognosis in TCGA and HMU patients. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ELN was mainly enriched in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. The mRNA expression of ELN was positively correlated with fibroblast molecular markers, especially VIM. For validation, we collected a tissue microarray containing 180 pairs of samples. We found that ELN was positively correlated with VIM expression in cancer tissue but not in paracancerous tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the expression of ELN and lymph node metastasis rate were independent predictors for overall survival. Moreover, a nomogram model was used to evaluate the risk of death by combining the expression of ELN and lymph node metastasis rate. ELN may play an important role in the progression of GC by regulating EMT and is a useful prognostic indicator in predicting the prognosis of GC.
Enhanced deep learning frame model for an accurate segmentation of cancer affected part in breast
Authors: Dewangan Kranti Kumar , Prakash Sahu Satya , Janghel Rekhram 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBreast cancer is one of the primary causes of death in females worldwide. So, recognizing and categorizing breast cancer in the initial stage is necessary for helping the patients to have suitable action. In this research, a novel spider monkey‐based convolution model (SMCM) is developed for detecting breast cancer cells in an early stage. Here, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is utilized as the dataset trained to the system. Moreover, the developed SMCM function is processed on the breast MRI dataset to primarily detect and segment the affected part of breast cancer. Additionally, segmented images are utilized for tracking in the dataset to identify the possibility of breast cancer. Moreover, the simulation of this approach is done by Python tool, and the parameters of the current research work are evaluated with prevailing works. Hence, the outcomes show that the current research model has improved accuracy by 1.5% compared to existing models.
“Cap‐Pair” Effect as the Reason of the Catalytic Properties of Nicotinic Acid: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Nieszporek Jolanta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe influence of nicotinic acid (NC) on the kinetics and the mechanism of electroreduction of Zn2+ ions in the acetate buffer (pH=6.0) was investigated using electrochemical methods (EIS, CV, SWV and DC). It was shown that the anions of NC catalyze the electrode reaction (cap‐pair effect) by adsorbing on the surface of the mercury electrode. The catalytic activity of NC is due to its ability to form active NC−Zn2+ complexes on the electrode surface, facilitating the electron transfer process. However, no evidence of the formation of such complexes in the solution was found using classical molecular dynamics. Moreover, it was proved that the electroreduction of Zn2+ ions in the presence of NC is a two‐stage process. The first stage involves the transfer of the first electron, preceded by the partial loss of the hydration shell by the Zn2+ ions and formation of the active complex. Moreover, it was shown that in the range of lower concentrations, c≤1.10−2 mol.dm−3, the nicotinic acid shows weaker catalytic abilities than another form of vitamin B3 – nicotinamide. In the range of its higher concentrations, the nicotinic acid is a more effective catalyst for the electroreduction of Zn2+ ions.
Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate by Anion Receptors
Authors: Martínez‐Crespo Luis , Valkenier Hennie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of synthetic anion transporters is motivated by their potential application as treatment for diseases that originate from deficient anion transport by natural proteins. Transport of bicarbonate is important for crucial biological functions such as respiration and digestion. Despite this biological relevance, bicarbonate transport has not been as widely studied as chloride transport. Herein we present an overview of the synthetic receptors that have been studied as bicarbonate transporters, together with the different assays used to perform transport studies in large unilamellar vesicles. We highlight the most active transporters and comment on the nature of the functional groups present in active and inactive compounds. We also address recent mechanistic studies that have revealed different processes that can lead to net transport of bicarbonate, as well as studies reported in cells and tissues, and comment on the key challenges for the further development of bicarbonate transporters.
Environmental Outcomes from On‐Farm Agricultural Production in the United States
Authors: Young Kelly Murray , Thomson Allison , Coronel Eric 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article is brought to you by the SPARC Initiative created in partnership among the American Society for Agronomy, the Agricultural Retailers Association, Environmental Defense Fund, and Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture to empower trusted advisers to deliver services that drive continuous improvement in the productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes of farmers’ operations. Learn more about the SPARC Initiative and access additional resources, including the six‐module series on sustainability, at www.fieldtomarket.org/SPARC. This article is an excerpt from Field to Market’s Fourth National Indicator Report, released in December 2021. Access the entire report at http://www.fieldtomarket.org/report. All articles from the SPARC series can be found online at https://bit.ly/3yVScpI. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.