bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of lower incisor extraction cases. Part 2: problems and solutions when choosing extraction
Authors: Scholey John , Visram Semina , Patel Yatisha A 
Published: January 2022

In part one of this series we described situations where extracting a lower incisor could provide a useful alternative to premolar extractions, in addition to solutions for treatment planning certain types of cases. In part two, we look at some of the problems caused by opting to extract a lower incisor and how they may be overcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Part two of this series aims to guide clinicians on potential pitfalls of lower incisor extraction treatment plans and how these can be avoided.
Biogas Production with Beef Cattle Manure and Wastewater from Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Campbell Terra N. , Rhoades Marty B. , Parker David B. , Blaser Brock C. 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsHydraulic fracking wastewater is evaluated as a possible alternative to freshwater in combination with beef cattle manure for bio-methane generation by anaerobic digestion (AD).Optimum conditions for AD with fracking wastewater remain unknown, but differ from AD with freshwater.Contrary to AD with freshwater, biogas production with fracking wastewater increased with lower MC.Abstract. Wastewater from hydraulic fracturing (HF) and manure from beef cattle production are two of the largest waste streams in the Texas Panhandle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of generating biogas, a renewable natural gas, from the combination of HF wastewater and beef manure through anaerobic digestion (AD) at varying moisture contents. In a laboratory study, substrate combinations of manure mixed with produced and flowback water (PFW), well water (WW), and a 50/50 mixture of PFW and WW were evaluated at four moisture contents (MC; 65%, 70%, 80%, and 90%). Beef manure was harvested from the West Texas A&amp;M University research feedlot. The PFW was collected from a HF operation in the Texas Panhandle. The combinations of manure and WW at 90% MC yielded the greatest amount of biogas and methane (CH4). The greatest amount of biogas and CH4 with the combination of manure and PFW was produced at 65% MC. This combination produced 57% less biogas than the optimum CH4-producing WW treatment. Diluting PFW with WW produced amounts of CH4 comparable to WW at 80% MC. While there is potential to generate biogas and methane with PFW and manure, more research is needed to isolate the CH4-inhibiting constituents in PFW. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Manure, Methane, Produced and flowback water.
Smartphone-based corneal topography with null-screens
Authors: Huerta-Carranza Oliver , Campos-García Manuel , Moreno-Oliva Victor Ivan , Aguirre-Aguirre Daniel , Pérez-Lomelí Juan Salvador 
Published: January 2022

To measure the shape of the fast corneal surface of the human eye, we propose the design and characterization of a compact corneal topographer using the capabilities of a smartphone. The performance evaluation of the compact corneal topographer includes the calculation and compensation of the distortion introduced by the smartphone lens used to acquire the images and the evaluation of a reference surface. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal, we performed surface topography measurements on some human corneas and compared the results with those obtained by a commercial corneal topographer. We showed that the results obtained with our algorithms were consistent with other methods that analyze the corneal surface.
Multi-pass cells for post-compression of ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Viotti Anne-Lise , Seidel Marcus , Escoto Esmerando , Rajhans Supriya , Leemans Wim P. , Hartl Ingmar , Heyl Christoph M. 
Published: January 2022

Ultrafast lasers reaching extremely high powers within short fractions
of time enable a plethora of applications. They grant advanced
material processing capabilities, are effective drivers for secondary
photon and particle sources, and reveal extreme light-matter
interactions. They also supply platforms for compact accelerator
technologies, with great application prospects for tumor therapy or
medical diagnostics. Many of these scientific cases benefit from
sources with higher average and peak powers. Following mode-locked dye
and titanium-doped sapphire lasers, broadband optical parametric
amplifiers have emerged as high peak- and average power ultrashort
pulse lasers. A much more power-efficient alternative is provided by
direct post-compression of high-power diode-pumped ytterbium lasers—a
route that advanced to another level with the invention of a novel
spectral broadening approach, the multi-pass cell technique. The
method has enabled benchmark results yielding sub-50-fs pules at
average powers exceeding 1 kW, has facilitated femtosecond
post-compression at pulse energies above 100 mJ with large compression
ratios, and supports picosecond to few-cycle pulses with compact
setups. The striking progress of the technique in the past five years
puts light sources with tens to hundreds of TW peak and multiple kW of
average power in sight—an entirely new parameter regime for ultrafast
lasers. In this review, we introduce the underlying concepts and give
brief guidelines for multi-pass cell design and implementation. We
then present an overview of the achieved performances with both bulk
and gas-filled multi-pass cells. Moreover, we discuss prospective
advances enabled by this method, in particular including opportunities
for applications demanding ultrahigh peak-power, high repetition rate
lasers such as plasma accelerators and laser-driven extreme
ultraviolet sources.
Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore
Authors: Huang Shuo Jim , Sehgal Neil Jay 
Published: January 2022

Background
In the 1930s, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation categorized neighborhoods by investment grade along racially discriminatory lines, a process known as redlining. Although other authors have found associations between Home Owners’ Loan Corporation categories and current impacts on racial segregation, analysis of current health impacts rarely use these maps.

Objective
To study whether historical redlining in Baltimore is associated with health impacts today.

Approach
Fifty-four present-day planning board-defined community statistical areas are assigned historical Home Owners’ Loan Corporation categories by area predominance. Categories are red (“hazardous”), yellow (”definitely declining”) with blue/green (“still desirable”/”best”) as the reference category. Community statistical area life expectancy is regressed against Home Owners’ Loan Corporation category, controlling for median household income and proportion of African American residents.

Conclusion
Red categorization is associated with 4.01 year reduction (95% CI: 1.47, 6.55) and yellow categorization is associated with 5.36 year reduction (95% CI: 3.02, 7.69) in community statistical area life expectancy at baseline. When controlling for median household income and proportion of African American residents, red is associated with 5.23 year reduction (95% CI: 3.49, 6.98) and yellow with 4.93 year reduction (95% CI: 3.22, 6.23). Results add support that historical redlining is associated with health today.
Prevalence and predictors of glucose metabolism disorders among People Living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Tadesse Wondmagegn Tamiru , Adankie Birhanemeskel T. , Shibeshi Workineh , Amogne Wondwossen , Aklillu Eleni , Engidawork Ephrem 
Published: January 2022

Objective
We investigated prevalence and predictors of glucose metabolism disorders (GMDs) among People Living with HIV (PLWH) on efavirenz- and atazanavir/ritonavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved adult PLWH on efavirenz- (n = 240) and atazanavir/ritonavir-based (n = 111) cART. The prevalence of GMDs was determined by fasting serum glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment. A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors.

Results
The overall prevalence of GMDs for all regimens was 27.6% (97/351) [95% CI 23.0–32.6%] s, with 31.1% (75/240) [95% CI 25.4–37.5%] for efavirenz-based and 19.8% (22/111) [95% CI 12.9–28.5%)] for atazanavir/ritonavir-based cART group. The prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia was significantly higher (p = 0.026) in the efavirenz- [(15.4%) (37/240); 95%CI (11.1–20.6%)] than atazanavir/ritonavir-based [(7.2%) (8/111), (95%CI (3.2–13.7%)] cART. However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance between the two regimens. Age ≥46 years old and specific type of ARV contained in cART, such as TDF, were independent predictors of GMD in both groups. Whereas the male gender and BMI category were predictors of GMDs among EFV-based cART group, AZT- and ABC- containing regimens and triglyceride levels were predictors in the ATV/r-based group.

Conclusions
GMDs were highly prevalent among adults on EFV- than ATV/r-based cARTs. Age ≥46 years and TDF-containing cARTs are common predictors in both regimens. Close monitoring for impaired fasting glucose during long-term EFV-based cART is recommended for early diagnosis of type-2 diabetes and management.
The incidence rate and influence factors of hemolysis, lipemia, icterus in fasting serum biochemistry specimens
Authors: Tian Gang , Wu Yu , Jin Xinrui , Zeng Zhangrui , Gu Xiujuan , Li Tao , Chen Xiu , Li Guangrong , Liu Jinbo 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) of blood samples have been a concern in hospitals because they reflect pre-analytical processes’ quality control. However, very few studies investigate the influence of patients’ gender, age, and department, as well as sample-related turnaround time, on the incidence rate of HIL in fasting serum biochemistry specimens.

Methods
A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted to investigate the incidence rate of HIL based on the HIL index in 501,612 fasting serum biochemistry specimens from January 2017 to May 2018 in a tertiary university hospital with 4,200 beds in Sichuan, southwest China. A subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in the HIL incidence rate by gender, age and department of patients, and turnaround time of specimens.

Results
The incidence rate of hemolysis, lipemia and icterus was 384, 53, and 612 per 10,000 specimens. The male patients had a significantly elevated incidence of hemolysis (4.13% vs. 3.54%), lipemia (0.67% vs. 0.38%), and icterus (6.95% vs. 5.43%) than female patients. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus incidence rate were significantly associated with the male sex with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.174 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.140–1.208], 1.757 (95%CI: 1.623–1.903), and 1.303 (95%CI: 1.273–1.333), respectively, (P<0.05). The hospitalized patients had a higher incidence of hemolysis (4.03% vs. 3.54%), lipemia (0.63% vs. 0.36%), and icterus (7.10% vs. 4.75%) than outpatients (P<0.001). Specimens with relatively longer transfer time and/or detection time had a higher HIL incidence (P<0.001). The Pediatrics had the highest incidence of hemolysis (16.2%) with an adjusted OR (AOR) of 4.93 (95%CI, 4.59–5.29, P<0.001). The Neonatology department had the highest icterus incidence (30.1%) with an AOR of 4.93 (95%CI: 4.59–5.29, P<0.001). The Neonatology department (2.32%) and Gastrointestinal Surgery (2.05%) had the highest lipemia incidence, with an AOR of 1.17 (95%CI: 0.91–1.51) and 4.76 (95%CI: 4.70–5.53), both P-value <0.001. There was an increasing tendency of hemolysis and icterus incidence for children under one year or adults aged more than 40.

Conclusion
Evaluation of HIL incidence rate and HIL-related influence factors in fasting serum biochemistry specimens are impartment to interpret the results more accurately and provide better clinical services to patients.
Factors influencing nurses’ intention to care for patients with COVID-19: Focusing on positive psychological capital and nursing professionalism
Authors: Jeong Sun-a , Kim Jinhee 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
It is necessary to identify factors that influence nurses’ intention to care for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to improve the quality of care during the pandemic. This study identifies factors that influence nurses’ intention to care for COVID-19 patients, focusing on positive psychological capital and nursing professionalism.

Methods
This study adopted a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected between August 16 and August 30, 2020, through self-administered questionnaires from 148 bedside nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, from four hospitals designated for COVID-19 treatment. Modified versions of the Nursing Intention Questionnaire for SARS Patient Care, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Hall’s Professional Inventory were used. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression.

Results
In total, 165 questionnaires were distributed, and 148 questionnaires (89.7%) were included in the final analysis. Factors influencing nurses’ intention to care were: age (30<: β = .18, p = .026; ≥50: β = .23, p = .005), department (ICU: β = -.26, p = .001), sufficient clinical experience and skills to care for COVID-19 patients (sufficient: β = .18, p = .019), and positive psychological capital (β = .22, p = .044). The model’s explanatory power (R2) was 48%.

Conclusions
Strategies to increase nurses’ positive psychological capital are necessary to improve nursing care quality by increasing intention to care when facing novel infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Furthermore, adequate education and training on managing novel infectious diseases should be implemented to provide nurses with relevant experience and skills regarding caring for patients infected with these diseases. Through various studies, strategies for improving nurses’ positive psychological capital need to be suggested to improve the quality of care by increasing the nurses’ intention to care during the emergence of a novel infectious disease, such as COVID-19. Additionally, adequate education and training on managing the novel infectious diseases, sufficient for the nurses to believe they have the experience and skills for caring for the infected patients, will be needed.
Prophylactic versus therapeutic dose anticoagulation effects on survival among critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Hoogenboom Wouter S. , Lu Joyce Q. , Musheyev Benjamin , Borg Lara , Janowicz Rebeca , Pamlayne Stacey , Hou Wei , Duong Tim Q. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Although patients with severe COVID-19 are known to be at high risk of developing thrombotic events, the effects of anticoagulation (AC) dose and duration on in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients remain poorly understood and controversial. The goal of this study was to investigate survival of critically ill COVID-19 patients who received prophylactic or therapeutic dose AC and analyze the mortality rate with respect to detailed demographic and clinical characteristics.

Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective, observational study of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU at Stony Brook University Hospital in New York who received either prophylactic (n = 158) or therapeutic dose AC (n = 153). Primary outcome was in-hospital death assessed by survival analysis and covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.

Results
For the first 3 weeks of ICU stay, we observed similar survival curves for prophylactic and therapeutic AC groups. However, after 3 or more weeks of ICU stay, the therapeutic AC group, characterized by high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), had markedly higher death incidence rates with 8.6 deaths (95% CI = 6.2–11.9 deaths) per 1,000 person-days and about 5 times higher risk of death (adj. HR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.71–14.0, p = 0.003) than the prophylactic group (2.4 deaths [95% CI = 0.9–6.3 deaths] per 1,000 person-days). Among therapeutic AC users with prolonged ICU admission, non-survivors were characterized by older males with depressed lymphocyte counts and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Our findings raise the possibility that prolonged use of high dose AC, independent of thrombotic events or clinical background, might be associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality. Moreover, AKI, age, lymphocyte count, and cardiovascular disease may represent important risk factors that could help identify at-risk patients who require long-term hospitalization with therapeutic dose AC treatment.
The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research, Hilde Van Den Bulck, Manuel Puppis, Karen Donders and Leo Van Audenhove (Eds) (2019)
Authors: Price Monroe E. , Verhulst Stefaan G. 
Published: January 2022

Review of: The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research, Hilde Van Den Bulck, Manuel Puppis, Karen Donders and Leo Van Audenhove (Eds) (2019)
Cham: Springer International Publishing, 681 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03016-065-4, e-book, €149.79
Experimental analysis of nonlinear characteristics of absorbers with wire rope isolators
Authors: Ferdek Urszula , Dukała Melania 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Four different configurations of a mass supporting system consisting of a few prototypes of wire rope isolators are considered in the article. These are named “triangle,” “star,” “parallel,” and “serial” configurations. Reasonable models of a fixture assembly that could be utilized as models for cargo transportation are tested statically and dynamically in the laboratory. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the configuration of damper settings on the effectiveness of vibration and shock isolation (in three directions) and to develop a suitable method to determine nonlinear properties and stiffness characteristics of the tested system. The purpose is also to investigate the sensitivity of the tested systems on the eccentricity of vertical loads and its influence on identification results. Experiments are carried out on the specially designed stand for the model parameters identification.
Reserve and Maintenance in the Aging Brain: A Longitudinal Study of Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Bagarinao Epifanio , Watanabe Hirohisa , Maesawa Satoshi , Kawabata Kazuya , Hara Kazuhiro , Ohdake Reiko , Ogura Aya , Mori Daisuke , Yoneyama Noritaka , Imai Kazunori , Yokoi Takamasa , Kato Toshiyasu , Koyama Shuji , Katsuno Masahisa , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Kuzuya Masafumi , Hoshiyama Minoru , Isoda Haruo , Naganawa Shinji , Ozaki Norio , Sobue Gen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aging brain undergoes structural changes even in very healthy individuals. Quantifying these changes could help disentangle pathologic changes from those associated with the normal human aging process. Using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 227 carefully selected healthy human cohort with age ranging from 50 to 80 years old at baseline scan, we quantified age-related volumetric changes in the brain of healthy human older adults. Longitudinally, the rates of tissue loss in total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were 2497.5 and 2579.8 mm3per year, respectively. Across the whole brain, the rates of GM decline varied with regions in the frontal and parietal lobes having faster rates of decline, whereas some regions in the occipital and temporal lobes appeared relatively preserved. In contrast, cross-sectional changes were mainly observed in the temporal-occipital regions. Similar longitudinal atrophic changes were also observed in subcortical regions including thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, and caudate, whereas the pallidum showed an increasing volume with age. Overall, regions maturing late in development (frontal, parietal) are more vulnerable to longitudinal decline, whereas those that fully mature in the early stage (temporal, occipital) are mainly affected by cross-sectional changes in healthy older cohort. This may suggest that, for a successful healthy aging, the former needs to be maximally developed at an earlier age to compensate for the longitudinal decline later in life and the latter to remain relatively preserved even in old age, consistent with both concepts of reserve and brain maintenance.
The Attitude of the Lithuanian Translation Market Participants towards Machine Translation and Post-editing
Authors: Levanaitė Karolina 
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of the research project funded by the Research Council of Lithuania, the aim of which was to find out the attitude of Lithuanian translation market participants – companies and freelance translators – towards machine translation and post-editing. Currently, there is no objective information on the application of machine translation in companies providing translation services in Lithuania or the attitude of translators to machine translated texts and the challenges posed by post-editing as a service. There is also no information on the competences that need to be developed by translators and translation students so that they can adapt to this new reality and work successfully on the market. To reach this aim, two questionnaires were prepared: one for translation companies providing translation services (n1=42) and the other for translators (n2=61), and two surveys were carried out. A qualitative analysis of survey data confirmed that among market participants there is a strong belief that as machine translation programs progress, the importance of competences ensuring quality post-editing will grow rapidly. Among the most important competences for post-editing, both groups of respondents singled out knowledge of text linguistics, native and foreign language proficiency, and knowledge of the field of translation. However, the surveys have also revealed that at least one third of market participants have a negative view toward machine translation and see it as a threat to the quality of translation (agencies) and/or their jobs (translators). It is expected that the conducted research will contribute to the promotion of a more favourable attitude of translators to machine translation technologies and will encourage further research in post-editing in Lithuania.
Problems of Rendering Architectural Terms in the Lithuanian translation of K. Frampton’s “Modern Architecture: A Critical History”
Authors: Posaškova Aleksandra , Burkšaitienė Nijolė 
Published: January 2022

The article explores problems of translation of architectural terms from English into Lithuanian by analysing the terms found in K. Frampton’s book Modern Architecture: A Critical History and their translation into Lithuanian in Moderniosios architektūros kilmė ir pagrindai (translated by S. Kozulaitė). In order to identify architectural terms in the original text, a special term identification application was created and used. Thus, 132 English architectural terms were identified and semantic analysis of these terms as well as the analysis of their translation was conducted. It was established that the main problems of translating architectural terms were caused by the difficulty of their identification in the original text, their variation and synonymy in Lithuanian. The research results suggest that translation of some architectural terms from English into Lithuanian may be a challenge caused by the difficulty of establishing an equivalent term arising from the existing synonymity or variation of architectural terms in the Lithuanian language.