bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of lateral pharyngoplasty on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Iglesias Érika Pérez , Cahali Michel Burihan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for development of carotid atherosclerosis. The treatment of OSA, through positive pressure devices or surgical procedures, may reduce the signs of subclinical atherosclerosis in apneic patients.
Objective: The decrease of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) after treatment of OSA remains a highly controversial issue. Our purpose is to compare CIMT, which represents an early sign of atherosclerosis, before and at least 6 months after lateral pharyngoplasty in patients with OSA.
Material and Methods: A total of 17 patients with OSA who underwent lateral pharyngoplasty were submitted to common carotid Doppler ultrasonography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and type-1 polysomnography before and at least 6 months after surgery.
Results: The median apnoea-hypopnoea index decreased from 22.6 to 5.9 (p<0.001). There were significant improvements in the arousal index, minimum oxyhaemoglobin saturation, Epworth sleepiness scale and reported snoring intensity. The surgical success rate (Shers criteria) obtained with the procedure was 76.4%. There was no significant variation in the mean CIMT after surgeries (right carotid artery, mean, 0.67 and 0.72 mm; left carotid artery, mean, 0.69 and 0.70 mm, pre- and postoperative, respectively, both p>0.05). Blood pressure measurements also did not significantly change.
Conclusion: Notwithstanding a significant improvement in OSA after lateral pharyngoplasty, there was no significant reduction in CIMT in a follow-up of 6 months.
Cranial electrostimulation improves slow wave sleep in collegiate population: a polysomnographic study
Authors: Aseem Anam , Chaudhry Neera , Hussain Mohammed Ejaz 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Objective: Sleep disturbance is quite prevalent among students, which leads to deleterious consequences on health. Cranial electrostimulation (CES) has been speculated to entrain cortical slow waves; therefore, we investigated the efficacy of cranial electrostimulation to improve slow wave sleep in collegiates.
Methods: Twenty-eight students with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score >5 were randomly assigned into two groups: CES and control. Participants in CES group completed 60 minutes of CES intervention for 12 weeks with 100 μA microcurrent and 0.5 Hz frequency parameters during night. Pre- and post-intervention measures were taken for sleep architecture using over-night polysomnography (PSG) and sleep quality using PSQI. Participants were instructed to report to the laboratory at 10:00 p.m. and PSG was performed with electroencephalograms (EEG), chin electromyography (EMG) and bilateral electrooculogram (EOG) in place. Sleep stages were scored manually in accordance with the new AASM guidelines. PSG variables reported in the present study are sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), percentage of N1, N2, N3, NREM (non-rapid eye movement), REM (rapid eye movement) and sleep efficiency (SE%).
Results: After ascertaining the comparability of demographic and sleep variables at baseline for both the groups, a 2X2 mixed model ANOVA was employed. Significant between-group differences were obtained for N1% and N3% such that N1% decreased and N3% increased post CES. However, other PSG variables, along with PSQI score did not demonstrate statistically significant between-group difference.
Discussion: The present study demonstrated that 12-weeks of CES improved N3% and reduced N1%. Future researches should be undertaken to build upon the findings of present study.
La modernización del Derecho de obligaciones y contratos desde la perspectiva de Derecho comparado
Authors: Li Yun 
Published: May 2022

The breach of contract is the primary cause of the conflict of interest between the parties to the contract, so it is a core issue of contract law. Therefore, the comparative law study perspective provides a perfect reference for the purpose of this investigation. After a brief discussion of the concept of non performance -whichI will focus on in Chapter one -I will focus on the last chapter of my work the so-called remedies for non performance. The investigation will emphasize the similarities and differences between respective systems, as well as the approaches taken in the absence of common ground and the obvious need for legal protection. In this regard, it is worth noting that although many comparative law studies are aimed at understanding the differences and similarities between the civil law and the common law, there is a gap in this area of comparative law in the Asian system. Therefore, I think it is important to introduce these documents through the current research work, taking the theme of non performance as an example of CISG's current impact on internal systems andas a factor of coordination and modernization, we believe that CISG is a tool that enables us to achieve a greater degree of legal security quotas in the international market.
El incumplimiento del contrato es la primera causa de conflictos de intereses entre los contratantes y, por consiguiente, constituye una materia central en el Derecho de contratos. Por esta razón, su estudio comparado sirve como perfecta referencia para el objetivo de este estudio. Tras una breve aproximación al concepto de incumplimiento -a los que dedicaré el primer capítulo, me centraré– en el último capítulo del trabajo, en una descripción de los denominados remedios frente al incumplimiento contractual (en inglés, remedies), que pongan de relieve las semejanzas y diferencias existentes entre nuestros respectivos sistemas, así como las vías de aproximación cuando no existe coincidencia, ante la evidente necesidad de seguridad jurídica. Al respecto, conviene tener en cuenta que, aunque abundan los estudios de Derecho comparado que tienen por objeto conocer diferencias y semejanzas entre el Civil Law y el Common Law, existe una laguna en este ámbito del Derecho comparatístico relativa a los sistemas asiáticos[1]. Por esta razón, he considerado importante introducirlos o presentarlos a través del presente trabajo de investigación, tomando la materia del incumplimiento contractual como muestra del influjo que la CISG está teniendo en la actualidad sobre los sistemas internos como factor armonizador y de modernización. Encontramos así en la CISG un instrumento que nos permite avanzar en la consecución de cuotas mayores de seguridad jurídica en el mercado internacional.

[1] ASAMI, E.: Los sistemas del Derecho internacional privado japonés y europeo desde una perspectiva comparada, tesis doctoral para optar al grado de doctorado en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 2012, p. 31.
El Derecho a las relaciones personales abuelos-nietos en la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo entre los años 2016 y 2020
Authors: Santamaría Lambás Fernando 
Published: May 2022

Relationships between grandparents and grandchildren constitute a right for both, which arises with an intrinsic limit, which means that the right can be exercised if it is in the “interest of the minor”. After the 2003 reform of the CC in this matter, we intend to analyze the state of the art in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court from 2016 to 2020. In our opinion we are dealing with a very personal right that is closely connected with article 9.2, 10, 16 and 39 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
Las relaciones entre abuelos y nietos constituyen un derecho para ambos, que nace con un límite intrínseco, lo que supone que el derecho se puede ejercitar si es en “interés del menor”. Tras la reforma de 2003 del CC en esta materia, pretendemos analizar el estado de la cuestión en la jurisprudencia del TS desde 2016 a 2020. A nuestro juicio estamos ante un derecho personalísimo que está íntimamente conectado con los artículo 9.2, 10, 16 y 39 de la Constitución español de 1978.
Análisis sobre la utilización de drones en conflictos armados desde el Derecho internacional público
Authors: García Garrido Cristina 
Published: May 2022

Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados son en la actualidad instrumentos con múltiples usos, tanto de índole privado como público, muchos de ellos aún sin explorar. Entre sus aplicaciones destaca especialmente su incorporación en el ámbito bélico.
Es precisamente el crecimiento en el uso de drones en conflictos armados lo que ha impulsado este trabajo, así como el hecho de que, si bien se trata de un fenómeno que se encuentra en pleno auge y crecimiento exponencial, carece hoy en día de una normatividad clara. Este vacío legal supone actualmente una cuestión de plena importancia, en tanto que un uso indiscriminado e injustificado de estos vehículos, podría conllevar una vulneración de las normas del Derecho Internacional Público sobre el uso de fuerza; así como del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y del Derecho Internacional Humanitario.
Se abordan, pues, en este trabajo las principales implicaciones jurídicas que los drones tienen en conflictos armados. A través de esta memoria se tratará de analizar el marco normativo existente hasta el momento, y su capacidad para dar respuesta a los múltiples escenarios que se plantean. Se hará también hincapié en los efectos positivos y negativos a nivel jurídico, político y económico que su empleo genera a los países y sus poblaciones.
Crisis humanitaria en la Triple Frontera Amazónica
Authors: Presta Novello Déborah 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this work is to analyze the challenges of sustainable development in the area known as the Amazon Triple Border. To this end, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the region is analyzed and special attention is paid to the serious humanitarian situation suffered by the indigenous peoples that inhabit this territory. Likewise, the humanitarian response coordinated by the United Nations is valued, addressing the impact caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los retos de desarrollo sostenible en la zona conocida como la Triple Frontera Amazónica. Para ello, se analiza la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en la región y se presta especial atención a la grave situación humanitaria que padecen los pueblos indígenas que habitan este territorio. Asimismo, se valora la respuesta humanitaria coordinada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, abordando el impacto causado por la pandemia del Covid-19.
Theatrical performance "The Third International" (Petrograd. 1919)
Authors: Kibardin Artem Aleksandrovich 
Published: May 2022

The theatrical performances that appeared in the country after the revolution of 1917 with an audience of tens of thousands of spectators were a landmark phenomenon of social and artistic life. The art of mass spectacles burst into the streets and squares, subordinating the historical architectural ensembles of Petrograd to an artistic design. These searches began in the Theater and Drama Workshop of the Red Army, which existed in Petrograd from 1919 to 1920. The article is devoted to the second theatrical performance of the Workshop вЂ“ "The Third International" (1919). The subject of this article is the reconstruction of the revolutionary theatrical performance "The Third International". The purpose of the study is to establish the director's method of creating a performance and to establish the origins of the activation of the viewer as a method of directing theatrical performances. The methodology of the research is of a historical and theoretical nature and is based on the classical methods of the Leningrad (Gvozdev) school of theater studies, the formal school of literary studies, the method of historical reconstruction of the performance developed by the German philologist and theater historian Max Herman. В A detailed reconstruction of the theatrical performance of the "Third International" of the Theater and Drama Workshop is given for the first time on the pages of a scientific publication. In the same view, N. G. Vinogradov-Mammoth for the first time introduces the activation of the viewer as a directorial technique. The results and conclusions of the study can be used in courses of lectures and seminars in the following disciplines: "History of the Russian theater of the XX century", "History of theatrical performances and holidays", "Theory of directing", "Directing of theatrical performances and holidays", "Fundamentals of dramaturgy of theatrical performances and holidays", "Screenwriting" and "Screenwriting composition", "Scenography of a mass holiday" and "Stage technique", "Methodology of studying mass performances".
An Exploration of Multilinguals’ Voice-Hearing Experiences
Authors: Rowan Olive Rachel , Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2022

Research on multilinguals’ voice-hearing, sometimes termed auditory-verbal hallucinations, is dominated by psychiatrists’ reports, skewing toward etic over emic approaches. Most also pre-dates developments in both voice-hearing and multilingualism research which highlight the complexity and dynamic nature of both phenomena and shows little cross-fertilisation between the two fields. This paper sits within this gap, presenting results from an in-depth interview study with ten UK-resident multilingual voice-hearers analysed via constructionist reflexive thematic analysis. A high proportion of participants described hearing voices they did not (fully) understand, challenging the dominance of the hypothesis that voice-hearing originates from misattributed inner speech. This set of experiences is presented along a spectrum with a complex array of associated emotions and subtle experiential distinctions. The relationship between language experiences, voices’ languages, and associated emotions was similarly complex and individual: participants described voices both reflecting and distorting or shifting the contexts, domains, interlocutors and feelings associated with their various languages. This has implications for therapeutic and peer support for those who are distressed by their voices, as well as opening up new avenues in voice-hearing phenomenology and aetiology.
Drivers and hazards of consumption of unpasteurised bovine milk and milk products in high-income countries
Authors: de Klerk Joanna N. , Robinson Philip A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
The consumption of dairy products contributes to health, nutrition, and livelihoods globally. However, dairy products do not come without microbiological food safety risks for consumers. Despite this risk, common hygiene measures in high-income countries, particularly pasteurisation, ensures that milk is safe, and is indeed frequently mandated by law. Nevertheless, over the past two decades, there has been a global increase in the number of consumers in high-income developed countries actively seeking out unpasteurised milk in liquid and product forms for perceived nutritional and health benefits, and improved taste. The often-anecdotal claims upon which consumers make such choices are not all supported by scientific evidence; however, some recent research studies have investigated (and in some cases demonstrated) the positive impact of unpasteurised milk consumption on the prevalence of asthma, atopy, rectal cancer and respiratory illness.

Methods
To investigate the significance of unpasteurised milk and milk product consumption for human health in high-income countries, outbreak data between the years 2000 and 2018 were obtained for the United States of America, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand and Australia, which were then categorized into three World Health Organisation subregions: AMR A, EUR A and WPR A. Outbreak dynamic variables such as pathogens, the place of consumption, numbers of outbreaks and deaths per million capita, the average number of cases per outbreak and regulations were described and analysed using R Studio. To provide an overview of unpasteurised milk-related disease outbreaks, a rapid evidence review was also undertaken to establish an overview of what is known in the current literature about hazards and drivers of consumption.

Results
Foodborne outbreaks associated with unpasteurised dairy consumption have risen in high-income countries over the period 2000 to 2018, with Campylobacter spp. being the most common aetiological agent responsible, followed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The most common places of consumption are on farms or in households, indicating individuals choose to drink unpasteurised milk, rather than a widespread distribution of the product, for example, at social events and in schools. Further study is needed to better understand contributing factors, such as cultural differences in the consumption of dairy products.

Conclusion
There are several observable health benefits linked to consuming raw milk, but outbreaks associated with unpasteurised milk and milk products are on the rise. It cannot be definitively concluded whether the benefits outweigh the risks, and ultimately the decision lies with the individual consumer. Nevertheless, many countries have regulations in place to protect consumer health, acknowledging the definite risks to human health that unpasteurised dairy foods may pose, particularly from microbial hazards.
Production of an Alcoholic Beverage from Rice (Oryzae sativa) Using Nigerian Palm Wine Yeasts
Authors: Adesokan I. A. , Onifade D. A. , Bolarinwa O. O. , Aladeloye K. A. , Adekola A. 
Published: May 2022

Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage of cereal produced as a result of fermentation of rice by selected yeasts isolated from different substrates. In this study the effects of starter cultures on physico-chemical and sensory properties of rice wine were investigated. The yeasts isolated belong to six genera and these are Saccharomyces, Kluveromyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Candida, Rhodotorula and Geotrichum. The species isolated included S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, S. chevallieri, Klu. africanus, Schizosaccharomyces japanicus, S. pombe, C. castelli, C. intermedia, R. graminis and G. candidium. The wort produced from rice had fermentable sugars and nitrogen sources for yeast metabolism and alcoholic fermentation. The wort fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae had the highest ethanol concentration of 3.90% compared to 2.16% and 3.7% recorded for Klu. africanus and S. uvarum respectively. The taste results are appearance (2.6-3.8), taste (2.1-3.6), flavor (2.3-3.7), aroma (2.6-3.4) and overall acceptability (2.4-3.6). The rice wine produced with S. cerevisiae also received the highest scores in all the parameters evaluated by the taste panelist. Therefore, it could be concluded that rice wine of acceptable quality could be produced by using S. cerevisiae isolated from palm wine.
Aminogram in Egyptian Patients Experiencing Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Saleem Tahia H. , Sayed Ayat A. , Ghany Mohamed Abdel , Farouk Ahmed , Hussein Ahmed H. , Meki Abdel-Raheim M.A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Altered amino acids metabolism is linked to cardiovascular disorders. A cross-sectional case control study was set to profile amino acids explore their potential as diagnostic and prognostic tool.
Methods: Total of 60 subjects was recruited, comprising 40 myocardial infarction patients and 20 controls. High pressure liquid chromatography was applied to quantify the plasma amino acids.
Results: Fourteen amino acids exhibited discriminative values between cases and controls. Leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glycine, threonine, serine, ornithine, arginine, histidine, and tyrosine exhibited low levels compared to healthy controls (p ≤0.001). Meanwhile, cases displayed higher abundance of cysteine, taurine (p ≤ 0.05), total aromatic amino acids (p ≤ 0.01), and asparagine (p ≤ 0.001). Only leucine, isoleucine, and asparagine were correlated to GRACE risk score. Methionine and glycine scored highly (AUC > 0.95), sensitivity (>97%), and specificity (>95%) followed by histidine (AUC > 0.92), sensitivity (>82%), and specificity (>85%).
Conclusion: Our study designated a panel of 14 plasma circulating amino acids. Methionine, glycine and histidine were found to be potential markers to differentiate cases from healthy Individuals. Plasma amino acids profiling could help in the diagnosis but is less powerful as a prognostic tool of Myocardial infarction.
Differential Viability in Alpha-MEM Culturing Media May Predict Alternative Media Responsiveness in Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC)
Authors: Viss Crystal , Banning Gavin , Swanbeck Sarah , Kingsley Karl 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are the subjects of new and emerging fields of clinically applied biotechnology. However, much remains unknown regarding the most effective and appropriate methods for isolation, expansion and culture techniques for DPSC. To address these deficiencies, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate any effects of the major, commercially available cell culture media on DPSC phenotypes, such as growth, viability and biomarker expression.
Methods: This Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study involved previously collected and cryopreserved DPSC isolates that were identified, thawed and cultured for this study (n=16). Each DPSC isolate was plated into 96-well assays under each of the experimental conditions (DMEM, DMEM:F12, RPMI, alpha-MEM) to determine any effects on cellular growth and viability. RNA was extracted from all DPSC isolates under the optimal growth conditions for screening using qPCR primers specific for DPSC biomarkers, such as Sox-2, Oct-4 and NANOG.
Results: Comparison of the standard DPSC cell culture media alpha-MEM to DMEM revealed differential results. Comparison of alpha-MEM to DMEM:F12 revealed no change among some DPSCs (n=3), decreased viability (n=8) or increased viability (n=5) - similar to the comparisons with RMPI demonstrating no change (n=5), decreased viability (n=6) or increased viability (n=5). Further analysis revealed that DPSC with low viability (<50%) in alpha-MEM responded positively to one or more of the culture media alternatives, while virtually none of DPSC with high viability (>50%) responded to any of the other experimental conditions. Screening of mRNA using qPCR revealed most DPSC isolates continued to express one or more of the pluripotent stem cell biomarkers (Oct4, Sox2, Nestin, NANOG), but no clear pattern of growth with the optimal media type correlated with viability.
Conclusions: These results demonstrated that many DPSC isolates responded positively to one or more of these media, including DMEM, DMEM:F12, RPMI when viability was <50% using the standard DPSC culture media alpha-MEM, but not when viability was >50%. These findings may be broadly applicable and add significantly to the evidence regarding the potential culturing methods that may be employed in various ex vivo and in vitro DPSC studies.