bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic Light Curves in Reflected Light: Phase Curves, Occultations, and Non-Lambertian Scattering for Spherical Planets and Moons
Authors: Luger Rodrigo , Agol Eric , Bartolić Fran , Foreman-Mackey Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We derive efficient, closed-form, differentiable, and numerically stable solutions for the flux measured from a spherical planet or moon seen in reflected light, either in or out of occultation. Our expressions apply to the computation of scattered light phase curves of exoplanets, secondary eclipse light) curves in the optical, or future measurements of planet–moon and planet–planet occultations, as well as to photometry of solar system bodies. We derive our solutions for Lambertian bodies illuminated by a point source, but extend them to model illumination sources of finite angular size and rough surfaces with phase-dependent scattering. Our algorithm is implemented in Python within the open-source starry mapping framework and is designed with efficient gradient-based inference in mind. The algorithm is ∼4–5 orders of magnitude faster than direct numerical evaluation methods and ∼10 orders of magnitude more precise. We show how the techniques developed here may one day lead to the construction of two-dimensional maps of terrestrial planet surfaces, potentially enabling the detection of continents and oceans on exoplanets in the habitable zone.
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https://github.com/rodluger/starrynight
3D Morphology of Open Clusters in the Solar Neighborhood with Gaia EDR 3. II. Hierarchical Star Formation Revealed by Spatial and Kinematic Substructures
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Tang Shih-Yun , Li Yuqian , Yu Zeqiu , Wang Long , Li Jiayu , Li Yezhang , Wang Yifan , Wang Yanshu , Zhang Teng , Pasquato Mario , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We identify members of 65 open clusters in the solar neighborhood using the machine-learning algorithm StarGO based on Gaia EDR3 data. After adding members of 20 clusters from previous studies we obtain 85 clusters, and study their morphology and kinematics. We classify the substructures outside the tidal radius into four categories: filamentary (f1) and fractal (f2) for clusters <100 Myr, and halo (h) and tidal tail (t) for clusters >100 Myr. The kinematical substructures of f1-type clusters are elongated; these resemble the disrupted cluster Group X. Kinematic tails are distinct in t-type clusters, especially Pleiades. We identify 29 hierarchical groups in four young regions (Alessi 20, IC 348, LP 2373, LP 2442); 10 among these are new. The hierarchical groups form filament networks. Two regions (Alessi 20, LP 2373) exhibit global orthogonal expansion (stellar motion perpendicular to the filament), which might cause complete dispersal. Infalling-like flows (stellar motion along the filament) are found in UBC 31 and related hierarchical groups in the IC 348 region. Stellar groups in the LP 2442 region (LP 2442 gp 1–5) are spatially well mixed but kinematically coherent. A merging process might be ongoing in the LP 2442 subgroups. For younger systems (≲30 Myr), the mean axis ratio, cluster mass, and half-mass–radius tend to increase with age values. These correlations between structural parameters may imply two dynamical processes occurring in the hierarchical formation scenario in young stellar groups: (1) filament dissolution and (2) subgroup mergers.
Taxonomic and faunistic notes on the genus Trichotichnus from Korea (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalinae, Harpalini)
Authors: Kim Dooyoung , Suh Sang Jae 
Published: June 2022

TrichotichnusMorawitz, 1863 is a genus of the subtribe Harpalina, comprising more than 260 species worldwide. In Korea, nine species of the nominotypical subgenus are listed in the Korean catalogue (National Institute of Biological Resources 2019), while seven species of the nominotypical subgenus are listed to occur in Korea according to the Palaearctic catalogue (Kataev and Wrase 2017). Therefore, the checklist of the Korean species of the genusTrichotichnusneeds to be revised.In the course of taxonomic studies onTrichotichnusspecies from Korea, two unrecorded species are identified: Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) nanus and Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus. In addition, the distribution of a poorly known species, T. (T.) miser, is firstly recognized in the southern part of Korea. Along with the description of the newly-recorded species, a checklist of the Korean species of the genusTrichotichnusis revised. As for the checklist, the distribution of T. (Iridessus) lucidus and T. (T.) leptopus in Korea is re-discussed, and T. (T.) leptopus is excluded from the Korean fauna. Lastly, additional distribution records for the following species are provided: T. (I.) lucidus, T. (T.) longitarsis, T. (T.) nishioi, and T. (T.) noctuabundus.
“It Made Me Think Like a Nurse”: Virtual Simulations With Interpreters
Authors: Halley Mark , Connelly Linda 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Simulations are a beneficial educational exercise for nursing students and students studying interpreting. Leveraging videoconferencing software is one way to incorporate virtual experiential learning simulations into curricula.

Method:
Virtual simulations of patient education interactions were conducted with nursing and standardized patients who are deaf. The virtual consultations were mediated by interpreting students. Following the simulations, data were collected from students about their experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify overarching patterns.

Results:
Results indicated students reported myriad learning outcomes and areas of growth, as well as several logistical challenges. Students from both disciplines reported new learning experiences and development of practical skills, as well as critical thinking abilities.

Conclusion:

Virtual simulations of health care appointments between nursing students and deaf standardized patients are a worthwhile educational endeavor and lead to positive learning outcomes for all of the students involved.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):334–337.]
Using the ModSPICES Geriatric Assessment Tool in Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Lekan Deborah , Yasin Reham 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Trends in aging demographics for a growing older adult population highlights the need for Gerontologic nursing competencies to prepare future nurses to provide safe and effective person-centered care.

Method:
A geriatric assessment learning module incorporated the ModSPICES assessment tool based on geriatric syndromes in a didactic and clinical course in a prelicensure baccalaureate nursing program to facilitate nursing students' critical thinking and clinical judgment in the care of hospitalized older adults.

Results:
The ModSPICES tool fostered nursing students' critical thinking for data collection with attention to geriatric syndromes, which are highly prevalent and associated with numerous adverse outcomes but are also preventable and treatable. The tool helped to aggregate diverse clinical information and establish priorities in care.

Conclusion:

The learning module strengthened the linkage between the classroom and clinical setting, enhanced the student's capacity and confidence in the promotion of function-focused care, and facilitated refinement of their evolving assessment skills.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):338–344.]
Improving Nursing Student Resilience Using Online Simulation and Resilience-Based Content in a Pediatric Course
Authors: McIntosh Renae 
Published: June 2022

Background:
New graduate nurse job satisfaction persistently decreases at 6 months postgraduation. To prepare future nurses for career resilience, schools of nursing are implementing resilience into their curriculum.

Method:
A large Midwestern school of nursing developed and instituted small group discussions, individual assignments, and online simulations to foster career resilience in a required specialty course. The course, offered in the last year of nursing school, included 93 nursing students and a comparison group of 93 nursing students.

Results:
The intervention showed an increase in Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) scores. Online simulations were useful for classroom learning, helped students discover new ways of thinking, and increased understanding of course content. Differences in simulation techniques were found, and students reported benefitting more from faculty-guided simulations than self-guided simulations.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators implementing resilience simulation programs can increase new graduate nurse resilience using online simulation, which is an effective technique for teaching nursing students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):348–351.]
Experiential Skills Laboratory Experiences in a Didactic Undergraduate Reproductive Health Course
Authors: Tsusaki Rebecca , Ethington Melissa D. , Helmreich Rebecca J. , Mullassery Daisy G. , Ramaswamy Padmavathy 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Experiential learning provides undergraduate nursing students with hands-on opportunities to integrate knowledge and clinical skills. Using educational theory, nurse educators can integrate experiential laboratory experiences into didactic courses to increase comprehension of knowledge and skills required in the clinical setting.

Method:
Experiential laboratory experiences were coordinated with didactic content in an undergraduate reproductive health course, and student scores on weekly quizzes and a standardized final examination were compared for three cohorts. One cohort participated in a generic laboratory at the start of the semester, one cohort received 4 synchronized laboratory days throughout the semester, and another cohort received the same content in 2-day laboratory sessions.

Results:
Weekly quiz scores and standardized final examination scores were significantly higher among students who had synchronized experiential laboratory experiences than for students who had a generic laboratory experience.

Conclusion:

Experiential laboratory experiences are helpful in integrating clinical skills and course knowledge comprehension in didactic undergraduate courses.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):326–329.]
Breeding Dynamics of Gopher Frog Metapopulations Over 10 Years
Authors: Crawford Brian A. , Farmer Anna L. , Enge Kevin M. , Greene Aubrey Heupel , Diaz Lauren , Maerz John C. , Moore Clinton T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Populations of amphibians that breed in isolated, ephemeral wetlands may be particularly sensitive to breeding and recruitment rates, which can be influenced by dynamic and difficult-to-predict extrinsic factors. The gopher frog Rana capito is a declining species currently proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, as well as one of many pond-breeding amphibians of conservation concern in the southeastern United States. To represent gopher frog breeding dynamics, we applied an occupancy modeling framework that integrated multiple data sets collected across the species' range to 1) estimate the influence of climate, habitat, and other factors on wetland-specific seasonal breeding probabilities; and 2) use those estimates to characterize seasonal, annual, and regional breeding patterns over a 10-y period. Breeding probability at a wetland was positively influenced by seasonal precipitation (Standardized Precipitation Index) and negatively influenced by fish presence. We found some evidence that the amount of suitable habitat surrounding a wetland was positively correlated with breeding probability during drought conditions. The percentage of sampled wetlands (N = 192) predicted to have breeding varied seasonally, annually, and regionally across the study. Within-year temporal patterns of breeding differed across the range: in most locations north of Florida, peaks of breeding occurred in winter and spring months; whereas breeding was more dispersed throughout the year in Florida. Peaks of breeding across the 10-y period often occurred during or in the season following high rainfall events (e.g., hurricanes). These results have direct applications for site-level management that aims to increase successful breeding opportunities of gopher frogs and other associated pond-breeding amphibians, including monitoring protocol and intensity, removal of fish, and improving terrestrial habitat conditions surrounding wetlands (e.g., via tree or shrub removal and prescribed fire). The results also have implications for better-informed management through the closer alignment of breeding activity monitoring with predicted seasonal peaks. Furthermore, estimates of breeding frequency can be incorporated into population viability analyses to inform forthcoming assessments of extinction risk and designation of the species' conservation status by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT scan in detecting bone marrow involvement in lymphoma
Authors: Jitani Ankit Kumar , Dutta Shyamali , Mandal Prakas Kumar , De Rajib , Jajodia Ekta , Baul Shuvraneel , Chakrabarti Prantar , Dolai Tuphan Kanti 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma is usually done by bone marrow biopsy (BMB). This study analyzed the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to detect bone marrow involvement (BMI) compared to BMB.

Methods:
Treatment-naïve lymphoma patients underwent both 18F-FDG PET/CT scan and BMB before treatment initiation. BMI detected on PET/CT was compared with BMB.

Results:
The study population consisted of 80 patients and comprised 37 Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) patients, 30 aggressive non-HL (NHL) and 13 indolent NHL patients. The majority of the aggressive NHLs were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (20/30) and major indolent lymphoma was follicular lymphoma (5/13). When compared to BMB, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of focal (±diffuse) marrow FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT were 100, 61.3, 33.3 and 100 per cent, respectively, for HL; 100, 65.4, 30.8 and 100 per cent, respectively, for aggressive NHL and 75, 80, 85.7 and 66.7 per cent, respectively, for indolent NHL. When comparing marrow involvement on 18F-FDG PET/CT to baseline BMB and/or resolution of bone marrow FDG uptake at interim/end-of-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100 per cent each for HL and aggressive NHL and 77.3, 100, 100 and 66.7 per cent, respectively, for indolent NHL.

Interpretation & conclusions:

18F-FDG PET/CT has a good sensitivity and NPV for detecting BMI in HL and aggressive lymphoma. The low specificity and PPV improved if marrow uptake pattern on interim or end-of-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was analyzed. In patients with HL who are staged with18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and followed up with an interim/end-of-treatment PET/CT, baseline BMB may be avoided. For all other lymphoma subtypes, BMB may be essential if there is no marrow FDG uptake on PET/CT scan performed at baseline.
The species distribution of ticks & the prevalence of Kyasanur forest disease virus in questing nymphal ticks from Western Ghats of Kerala, South India
Authors: Balasubramanian R. , Yadav Pragya D. , Sahina S. , Nadh V. Arathy 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a zoonotic tick-borne disease across the Western Ghats of India. With the discovery of a cluster of human KFD cases in the Wayanad district of Kerala, the present study was focused on detecting KFD virus (KFDV) in tick populations. To manage this disease, it is necessary to understand the diversity of the tick species and factors influencing the distribution, abundance and prevalence of infected ticks in Wayanad district.

Methods:
Surveys were conducted from November 2016 to May 2018 in four forest ranges of Wayanad district. Ticks were collected by the dragging method and were identified to species level and assayed for virus detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
A total of 25,169 ticks were collected from 64 sites. Of the identified species, Haemaphysalis spinigera was the most abundant (56.64%), followed by H. turturis 9047 (35.94%), H. bispinosa 999 (3.96%), Amblyomma integrum 691 (2.74%), H. kyasanurensis (0.55%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.08%), Hyalomma marginatum (0.02%), H. cuspidata (0.01%), R.microplus (0.01%) and Dermacentor auratus (0.003%). The nymphal stage was predominant from December to February having peak activity in January. A total of 572 pools were screened for the presence of KFDV, of which 21 pools were positive. The infection rates in H. spinigera and H. turturis tick were 2.62 and 1.04 per cent, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The circulation of KFDV was detected and its correlation with the prevalence in ticks near the fragmented forest and teak plantation areas of Wayanad district. Residents and visitors of these regions may become vulnerable to tick bites and to an increased risk of KFD as the distribution of established, infected tick populations continues to expand.
Lactate enhanced-quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 2 (LqSOFA2): A new score for bedside prognostication of patients with sepsis
Authors: Daga Mradul Kumar , Rohatgi Ishan , Mishra Rashmi , Kumar Naresh , Mawari Govind , Mishra T.K. , Singh Shashank , Shukla Jitendra 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment remain a challenge in sepsis. To study the role of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), blood lactate levels and a new score Lactate - Enhanced-qSOFA 2 (LqSOFA2) in predicting outcome in patients with sepsis and their association with established severity scores.

Methods:
This was a prospective, observational study in patients admitted to ICU of a tertiary care hospital in north India. qSOFA, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), SOFA score and LqSOFA2 were calculated in 150 patients with sepsis. Measurements of lactate and SOFA score was done on days one, three and seven.

Results:
The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in survivors (70.14±19.54 vs. 48.53±26.86). The mean qSOFA significantly predicted mortality (1.81 vs. 2.63; P<0.0001). The mean lactate on days one, three and seven in survivors were 2.27±0.91, 1.72±0.77 and 1.14±0.48, respectively, while it was 4.32±2.35, 3.57±2.28 and 2.13±1.22, respectively, in the non-survivor group (P<0.001). The new score LqSOFA2 also significantly predicted mortality between non survivors and survivors (3.52±0.71 vs. 2.37±0.91). There was a significant correlation of qSOFA with SOFA and APACHE II on day one. Lactate levels and SOFA correlated on all three days.

Interpretation & conclusions:
qSOFA, a novel score and lactate can independently predict mortality in patients with sepsis. They correlate with APACHE II and SOFA but fail to equilibrate with either. The combination score LqSOFA2 showed marginal (statistically insignificant) increase in predictive accuracy and specificity when compared to lactate or qSOFA alone. Early diagnosis by LqSOFA2 makes it a good standalone bedside prognostic marker.
Prevalence, pattern & correlates of hypertension among tribal population of Kashmir, India
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Parvez Tabassum , Viswanath S. Arun , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Nisar Sobia , Sahar Tajali , Robbani Irfan , Ali Shiekh Abid , Rashid Aafia , Wani Ishfaq Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
The prevalence of hypertension is increasing among all ethnic groups across the globe with only a handful of studies from India addressing the prevalence of hypertension among tribal population. In view of paucity of data, this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among tribal population of Kashmir, India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey included 6808 tribals aged >20 yr (5695 Gujjars and 1113 Bakarwals) from five randomly selected districts of Kashmir. Modified WHO-STEPS surveillance questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Hypertension was defined by Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertension (JNC 8) criteria.

Results:
The mean age of our study participants was 43.12 ± 15.69 years. Overall prevalence of hypertension [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 41.4% (39.9-42.9%) [men=46.7% (44.1-49.1%); women=37.9% (35.9-39.9%)]. The prevalence of prehypertension (95% CI) in our study was 35 per cent (33.7-36.6%). Higher age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): >70 yr-2.2 (1.9-2.4)], passive smoking [OR-1.3 (1.1-1.5)], family history of hypertension [OR-1.6 (1.4-1.7)] and obesity [OR-1.3 (1.1-1.6)] were significantly associated with hypertension. A weak positive correlation was observed between BP (systolic/diastolic) with haemoglobin, red blood cell count and haematocrit (P<0.05).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of Jammu and Kashmir showed high prevalence of hypertension. Hence, urgent policies and reforms are needed to tackle this silent epidemic and further studies focusing on community-based interventions are required.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter sequence variations in idiopathic osteonecrosis of head of femur
Authors: Raman Srishty , Dada Rima , Nag Tapas Chandra , Yadav Chandra Shekhar 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Primary or idiopathic osteonecrosis of femur head (ONFH) is the second most commonly observed cause among Indian patients suffering from ischemic ONFH. Although a number of genetic polymorphisms have been associated with idiopathic ONFH pathogenesis in Korean and Chinese populations, there are no studies in the Indian population. This is an exploratory study designed to implicate in promoter sequence polymorphisms of a critical fibrinolytic system regulator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene, in cases of idiopathic osteonecrosis. Promoter sequence variations can affect expression levels of PAI-1 gene and may disrupt the coagulation/fibrinolytic equilibrium, which may finally culminate into osteonecrosis. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of PAI-1 gene and osteonecrosis development.

Methods:
Two SNPs of the PAI-1 gene (rs2227631, -844 G/A; rs1799889, -675 4G/5G) were genotyped in 25 patients diagnosed with idiopathic ONFH and 25 control subjects, using direct sequencing. Subsequently, association analyses were performed for the genotyped SNPs.

Results:
Both the rs2227631 and rs1799889 genotype and allele frequencies of PAI-1 gene showed an insignificant association with osteonecrosis risk (P=0.717, 0.149). Haplotype frequencies of rs2227631 and rs1799889 were also calculated in patients having idiopathic ONFH and controls. Although the distribution of haplotype GA-4G 4G was found to be the highest among the cases, it was not significantly different when compared with the controls.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that the minor alleles of promoter region sequences of the PAI-1 gene do not contribute to an increase in ONFH predisposition. However, this is a preliminary study and its findings should be considered as suggestive for studies to be done in a larger sample size.