bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottom-up holographic models for cosmology
Authors: Waddell Chris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this note, we investigate some simple generalizations of a bottom-up holographic approach to cosmology introduced in arXiv:1810.10601. Our models utilize the Karch/Randall/Takayanagi ansatz for the gravitational dual of a boundary conformal field theory, involving pure AdS gravity and an end-of-the-world brane. Following a suggestion made in arXiv:2102.05057, we consider models with an additional interface brane in the bulk. We find that solutions with a viable cosmological interpretation exist only if our model is further generalized, for example by including an Einstein-Hilbert term in the ETW brane action. The physical validity of such models is discussed from the perspective of the effective theory.
Magnetic charges in supergravity
Authors: Tomova Bilyana L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the dual charges of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity in asymptotically flat space-time. The action considered is the usual supergravity action with a topological contribution. This is the Nieh-Yan term and the magnetic term of the free Rarita-Schwinger field. Through methods of the covariant phase space formalism we construct the charges conjugate to supersymmetry, diffeomorphism and Lorentz transformations. The additional term in the action will lead to new, non-vanishing contributions to these charges. The magnetic diffeomorphism charges are equivalent to the ones previously found for gravity, while the dual supersymmetric charges are new and do not appear for the free Rarita-Schwinger field. The dual Lorentz charges serve to regularize the previous two. We find that the asymptotic symmetry group for supergravity can only include globally well-defined super-rotations.
An error bound for the time-sliced thawed Gaussian propagation method
Authors: Bergold Paul , Lasser Caroline 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the time-sliced thawed Gaussian propagation method, which was recently proposed for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We introduce a triplet of quadrature-based analysis, synthesis and re-initialization operators to give a rigorous mathematical formulation of the method. Further, we derive combined error bounds for the discretization of the wave packet transform and the time-propagation of the thawed Gaussian basis functions. Numerical experiments in 1D illustrate the theoretical results.
Enriched stable 204Pb as tracer at ultra-low levels in clinical investigations
Authors: Irrgeher Johanna , Berger Thomas , Tchaikovsky Anastassiya , Tschegg Cornelius , Gouya Ghazaleh , Lechner Peter , Retzmann Anika , Opper Christine , Firbas Christa , Freissmuth Michael , Peschel-Credner Kerstin , Anderle Karolina , Meisslitzer Claudia , Wolzt Michael , Prohaska Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe potential of enriched Pb (204Pb) was assessed to monitor pathways of trace levels of Pb in the pg range within the human body via isotope pattern variation in situations where natural lead cannot be used as a tracer due to regulatory limitations. Isotope ratio measurements were accomplished by means of (multi-collector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry including a comparison of single and multi-collector ICP-MS for low-level 204Pb assessment. Isotopic pattern results from a blend of a large quantity of the element with a natural isotopic composition and an enriched stable isotope at orders of magnitude lower levels pose a nontrivial analytical problem. Isotope pattern deconvolution was successfully applied as mathematical tool based on multiple linear regressions. The method allowed for deconvolving the isotope pattern from measured isotope ratios without knowing the quantities of different isotope sources incorporated and mixed into the sample at levels of < 1 pg 204Pb/g blood. The objective of this manuscript is to evaluate and summarize the analytical aspects for Pb isotope pattern deconvolution based on the results of a clinical trial, where a 204Pb-enriched isotope tracer was applied to investigate the bioavailability of orally applied Pb along with purified clinoptilolite tuff as potential supplement. This unique approach allows to reduce tracer amounts to harmless levels to human health, which are in accordance with the legal regulative to study enrichment levels of < 0.01% in human blood.
Graphical abstract
Influence of elongation and desaturation on chemosensory properties in acrylates and their corresponding 1-alken-3-ones
Authors: Bauer Patrick , Ortner Eva , Buettner Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcrylates as well as 1-alken-3-ones are both known to be odour active substances but are generally identified in different materials. Nonetheless, butyl acrylate and 1-octen-3-one were both found to elicit a similar mushroom-like odour in previous studies. This led to the question of whether acrylates and enones with the same overall chain length generally elicited similar odours and whether they had similar odour thresholds. Overall, most of the investigated substances showed a mushroom-like, geranium-like or fruity odour. In contrast, short chained substances elicited garlic-like, lighter gas-like or glue-like, odour qualities, suggesting a correlation between the odour quality and the overall chain length. The results showed that only between the analogue structures butyl acrylate and 1-octen-3-one as well as hexyl acrylate and 1-decen-3-one could similar odour qualities be observed. All investigated substances showed low odour threshold values in air between 0.0032 ng/lair (1-hexen-3-one) and 55 ng/lair (1-dodecen-3-one). Overall, 1-alken-3-ones revealed a higher dependency on the chain length when compared to their respective acrylates. The introduction of a second terminal double bond led to a decrease of OT values in case of the acrylates and to an increase in case of the ketones that neither contained a second terminal double bond nor a double bond located close to the carbonyl group. Despite their structural similarities, the results suggest that both substance classes are perceived in a different manner and are therefore likely to be recognized by different types of receptors or are related to different activation patterns in multi-receptor stimulation processes.
Graphical abstract
Pulsed-field ablation-based pulmonary vein isolation: acute safety, efficacy and short-term follow-up in a multi-center real world scenario
Authors: Lemoine Marc D. , Fink Thomas , Mencke Celine , Schleberger Ruben , My Ilaria , Obergassel Julius , Bergau Leonard , Sciacca Vanessa , Rottner Laura , Moser Julia , Kany Shinwan , Moser Fabian , Münkler Paula , Dinshaw Leon , Kirchhof Paulus , Reissmann Bruno , Ouyang Feifan , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is a new energy source to achieve pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by targeted electroporation of cardiomyocytes. Experimental and controlled clinical trial data suggest good efficacy of PFA-based PVI. We aimed to assess efficacy, safety and follow-up of PFA-based PVI in an early adopter routine care setting.

Methods
Consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent PVI using the Farawave® PFA ablation catheter in conjunction with three-dimensional mapping at two German high-volume ablation centers. PVI was achieved by applying 8 PFA applications in each PV.

Results
A total of 138 patients undergoing a first PVI (67 ± 12 years, 66% male, 62% persistent AF) were treated. PVI was achieved in all patients by deploying 4563 applications in 546 PVs (8.4 ± 1.0/PV). Disappearance of PV signals after the first application was demonstrated in 544/546 PVs (99.6%). More than eight PFA applications were performed in 29/546 PVs (6%) following adapted catheter positioning or due to reconnection as assessed during remapping. Mean procedure time was 78 ± 22 min including pre- and post PVI high-density voltage mapping. PFA catheter LA dwell-time was 23 ± 9 min. Total fluoroscopy time and dose area product were 16 ± 7 min and 505 [275;747] cGy*cm2. One pericardial tamponade (0.7%), one transient ST-elevation (0.7%) and three groin complications (2.2%) occurred. 1-year follow-up showed freedom of arrhythmia in 90% in patients with paroxysmal AF (n = 47) and 60% in patients with persistent AF (n = 82, p = 0.015).

Conclusions
PFA-based PVI is acutely highly effective and associated with a beneficial safety and low recurrence rate.

Graphical abstract
A technical note on large normal-stress differences observed in a novel self-assembling functionalized dipeptide surfactant solution
Authors: Maklad Osama M. , McAulay Kate , Lerouge Sandra , Adams Dave J. , Poole Robert J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA number of functionalised dipeptides self-assemble in water under specific conditions to give micellar aggregates. The micellar aggregates formed depend on the exact molecular structure and are important to understand as they control the properties both of the micellar phase and also of the gel phase which can be formed from these precursor solutions. Here, we investigate the rheological properties of a functionalised dipeptide which behaves as a surfactant at high pH. This solution has been shown previously to exhibit very “stringy” behaviour, and this has previously been characterised using capillary breakup extensional rheometry (CaBER). In the current technical note, we extend the rheological characterisation of an exemplar precursor solution via small-amplitude oscillatory shear and steady shear. Using a cone-and-plate geometry and a dedicated protocol, we can measure the first normal-stress difference N1 and using a parallel-plate geometry to also measure (N1-N2), subsequently determining the second normal-stress difference N2. In so doing, we confirm that these systems are highly elastic, e.g. for shear rates greater than ~ 30 s−1, corresponding to a Weissenberg number based on the longest relaxation time ~ 330, N1 > 10τ where τ is the shear stress, and also, we find that N2 can be significant, is negative and approximately equal in magnitude to ~ 0.36 ± 0.05 N1. Significant uncertainties associated with the normal-stress difference data led to us using a range of different rheometers (and geometries) and highlight the issues with determining N2 using this two-measurement approach. Despite these uncertainties, the non-negligible value of the second-normal stress difference is demonstrated for these fluids.
Fast Exact Dynamic Time Warping on Run-Length Encoded Time Series
Authors: Froese Vincent , Jain Brijnesh , Rymar Maciej , Weller Mathias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynamic Time Warping (DTW) is a well-known similarity measure for time series. The standard dynamic programming approach to compute the DTW distance of two length-n time series, however, requires $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

time, which is often too slow for real-world applications. Therefore, many heuristics have been proposed to speed up the DTW computation. These are often based on lower bounding techniques, approximating the DTW distance, or considering special input data such as binary or piecewise constant time series. In this paper, we present a first exact algorithm to compute the DTW distance of two run-length encoded time series whose running time only depends on the encoding lengths of the inputs. The worst-case running time is cubic in the encoding length. In experiments we show that our algorithm is indeed fast for time series with short encoding lengths.
Effect of Pressure and Stress Cycles on Fluid Flow in Hydraulically Fractured, Low-Porosity, Anisotropic Sandstone
Authors: Ibemesi Peter , Benson Philip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracture in deep rock masses is used across a variety of disciplines, from unconventional oil and gas to geothermal exploration. The overall efficiency of this process requires not only knowledge of the fracture mechanics of the rocks, but also how the newly generated fractures influence macro-scale pore connectivity. We here use cylindrical samples of Crab Orchard sandstone (90 mm length and 36 mm diameter), drilled with a central conduit of 9.6 mm diameter, to simulate hydraulic fracture. Results show that the anisotropy (mm-scale crossbedding orientation) affects breakdown pressure, and subsequent fluid flow. In experiments with samples cored parallel to bedding, breakdown pressures of 11.3 MPa, 27.7 MPa and 40.5 MPa are recorded at initial confining pressures at injection of 5 MPa, 11 MPa and 16 MPa, respectively. For samples cored perpendicular to bedding, breakdown pressure of 15.4 MPa, 27.4 MPa and 34.2 MPa were recorded at initial confining pressure at injection of 5 MPa, 11 MPa and 16 MPa, respectively. An increase in confining pressure after the initial fracture event often results in a significant decrease in flow rate through the newly generated fracture. We note that fluid flow recovers during a confining pressure “re-set” and that the ability of flow to recover is strongly dependent on sample anisotropy and initial confining pressure at injection.
PSO + FL = PAASO: particle swarm optimization + federated learning = privacy-aware agent swarm optimization
Authors: Torra Vicenç , Galván Edgar , Navarro-Arribas Guillermo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an unified framework that encompasses both particle swarm optimization (PSO) and federated learning (FL). This unified framework shows that we can understand both PSO and FL in terms of a function to be optimized by a set of agents but in which agents have different privacy requirements. PSO is the most relaxed case, and FL considers slightly stronger constraints. Even stronger privacy requirements can be considered which will lead to still stronger privacy-preserving solutions. Differentially private solutions as well as local differential privacy/reidentification privacy for agents opinions are the additional privacy models to be considered. In this paper, we discuss this framework and the different privacy-related alternatives. We present experiments that show how the additional privacy requirements degrade the results of the system. To that end, we consider optimization problems compatible with both PSO and FL.
Relation Between EEG Measures and Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Stroke Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Milani Giada , Antonioni Annibale , Baroni Andrea , Malerba Paola , Straudi Sofia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent clinical practice does not leverage electroencephalography (EEG) measurements in stroke patients, despite its potential to contribute to post-stroke recovery predictions. We review the literature on the effectiveness of various quantitative and qualitative EEG-based measures after stroke as a tool to predict upper limb motor outcome, in relation to stroke timeframe and applied experimental tasks. Moreover, we aim to provide guidance on the use of EEG in the assessment of upper limb motor recovery after stroke, suggesting a high potential for some metrics in the appropriate context. We identified relevant papers (N = 16) from databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science and MEDLINE, and assessed their methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal. We applied the Preferred Reporting Systems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Framework. Identified works used EEG to identify properties including event-related activation, spectral power in physiologically relevant bands, symmetry in brain dynamics, functional connectivity, cortico-muscular coherence and rhythmic coordination. EEG was acquired in resting state or in relation to behavioural conditions. Motor outcome was mainly evaluated with the Upper Limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Despite great variability in the literature, data suggests that the most promising EEG quantifiers for predicting post-stroke motor outcome are event-related measures. Measures of spectral power in physiologically relevant bands and measures of brain symmetry also show promise. We suggest that EEG measures may improve our understanding of stroke brain dynamics during recovery, and contribute to establishing a functional prognosis and choosing the rehabilitation approach.
The Impasse on Gender Differences in Intelligence: a Meta-Analysis on WISC Batteries
Authors: Giofrè D. , Allen K. , Toffalini E. , Caviola S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis meta-analysis reviews 79 studies (N = 46,605) that examined the existence of gender difference on intelligence in school-aged children. To do so, we limited the literature search to works that assessed the construct of intelligence through the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC) batteries, evaluating eventual gender differences in indices and subtests. The theoretical framework we adopted is the cross-battery approach which locates cognitive abilities into different levels, also considering the possible mediating effect of the version of the WISC being used. As for broad abilities, a notable discrepancy emerged in favour of males for visual and crystallized intelligence, while female/male differences on fluid intelligence were negligible. Conversely, females’ performance on the processing speed factor was superior. Interesting results emerged at the subtest levels, albeit with less pronounced differences in performance. Results generally showed that older versions of WISC batteries displayed larger gender differences compared to the most recent ones.
A novel chitosan and polydopamine interlinked bioactive coating for metallic biomaterials
Authors: Eren Erişen Deniz , Guisong Gu , Mingming Liu , Bingchun Zhang , Ke Yang , Shanshan Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChitosan coatings have shown good bioactive properties such as antibacterial and antiplatelet properties, especially on blood-contacted biomedical materials. However, as blood-contacted biomedical device, the intravascular metal stent has a burden with adverse effects on the structural integrity, such as mechanical load during implantation and substrate degradation if a biodegradable metal is used as the substrate. It is unquestionably true that the structural integrity of the coated stent is essential. The adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate positively affects it. Silane and polydopamine (PDA) interstitial layers have been investigated to improve the corrosion resistance, biosafety and adhesion strength. This work addressed this challenge by using PDA as an intermediate and glutaraldehyde as a linking agent to establish a strong link between the polymer coating and the intermediate coating. Compared with PDA-only and glutaraldehyde-linked silane layer, the novel coating displayed a notable increase in adhesion. When compared with the bare Ni-free stainless steel, the performance of the novel coating was not significantly different. This novel chitosan film on the glutaraldehyde linked-PDA interface can be applied to various metallic substrates where synergic bioactive and anticorrosive effects of PDA interstitial coating and chitosan are needed.
Significantly improved cell affinity of polydimethylsiloxane enabled by a surface-modified strategy with chemical coupling
Authors: Rao Li , Liu Yuqin , Zhou Haihan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used insulation/packaging material for implantable neural electrodes. Nevertheless, the PDMS-initiated tissue response would lead to the deterioration of the electrode performances post-implantation, owing to its intrinsic hydrophobic and cell-repellent surface. The conventional physical coatings by hydrophilic hydrogels or bioactive molecules are unable to maintain during the long-term implantation due to their low stability by physical adhesion. In this work, we first anchor both hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bioactive molecule poly-L-lysine (PLL) on the PDMS surface by chemical coupling to change the PDMS surface from hydrophobic and cell-repellent to hydrophilic and cell-adhesive. XPS tests indicate the chemically coupled modification layers are stable on the PDMS surface after experiencing a harsh rinse process. Contact angle measurements show that the use of PEG 600 with the moderate molecular weight results in the highest hydrophilicity for the resulting PDMS-PEG-PLL. PC12 cell evaluation results exhibit that the PDMS-PEG-PLL with PEG 600 leads to significantly larger cell adhesion area, more neurite number, and longer neurite length than the PDMS. The PDMS-PEG-PLL with PEG 600 featuring stable modification layers, high hydrophilicity, and superior cell affinity has great potential in stabilizing the neural electrode-tissue interface for the long-term implantation.
Packing-based branch-and-bound for discrete malleable task scheduling
Authors: Braune Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of scheduling chain-like structures of tasks on a single multiprocessor resource. In fact, sub-tasks of unit-time length and predefined size are aggregated to composite tasks that have to be scheduled without preemption, but subject to flexibility concerning resource allocation. This setting most closely resembles the problem of malleable task scheduling, with sub-tasks being the smallest atomic unit of allocation. The specific type of malleability is realized using precedence constraints with minimum and maximum time lags. A bin packing model is established for this scheduling problem and a corresponding, dedicated branch-and-bound algorithm is devised, alongside problem-specific bound tightening, symmetry breaking and dominance concepts. The efficacy of the solution approach is demonstrated based on extensive computational experiments, including randomized instances, adapted benchmark instances from the literature, and a small real-world data set. In comparison to mixed-integer and constraint programming formulations, the new method is able to achieve a considerably higher percentage of optimal solutions at computation times that are up to orders of magnitude smaller.
Pyramiding wheat pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes in triticale breeding
Authors: Moullet Odile , Díaz Bermúdez Gemma , Fossati Dario , Brabant Cécile , Mascher Fabio , Schori Arnold 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPre -harvest sprouting (PHS) is an important problem in cereal production reducing yield and grain quality. After decades of improvement, triticale remains particularly susceptible to PHS but no resistance genes or QTLs were identified so far in this species. As wheat shares the A and B genomes with triticale, wheat PHS resistance genes can be introgressed into triticale genome by recombination after interspecific crosses. In this project, three PHS resistance genes have been transferred from wheat to triticale by marker-assisted interspecific crosses, followed by four backcrosses. The geneTaPHS1from the 3AS chromosome of cultivar Zenkoujikomugi (Zen) and theTaMKK3andTaQsd1, respectively located on the 4AL and 5BL chromosomes derived both from cultivar Aus1408, were pyramided in the triticale cultivar Cosinus. Only theTaPHS1gene increases consistently the PHS resistance in triticale. The lack of efficacy of the other two genes, especiallyTaQsd1, could be the result of an imperfect linkage between the marker and the gene of interest. The introduction of PHS resistance genes did not alter agronomic nor disease resistance performances of triticale. This approach leads to two new, agronomically performant and PHS-resistant triticale cultivars. Today, two breeding triticale lines are ready to enter the official registration process.