bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valorization of copper smelter slag through the recovery of metal values by a synergistic bioprocess system of bio‐flotation and bio‐leaching
Authors: Behera Sunil Kumar , Panda Sandeep Kumar , Mulaba‐Bafubiandi Antoine‐Floribert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSlag sample generated as solid waste from a copper plant in Southern Africa contains strategically important base metals like copper, nickel and cobalt. X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray fluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of fayalite (Fe2SiO4), silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) as the major mineral phases in the slag sample. The presence of alumina and silicate minerals in copper slag are the major obstacles in the recovery of base metals in mineral processing industries. The copper slag may be hazardous if abandoned to the environment but it may be a valuable resource if the metal values can be recovered. Hence, the present study focused on the application of a bio‐surfactant extracted from Lactobacillus fermentum bacterium as a bio‐collector in the flotation of the slag sample to reduce its silica and alumina content. Subsequently, the slag sample was subjected to bio‐leaching by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium for recovery of the metal values. Flotation batch experiments were conducted in 1 L scale Denver flotation cell and during the process, about 37.90% of silica and 22.82% alumina were removed from the slag sample. The findings from this study further revealed the effectiveness of the bio‐surfactant‐assisted flotation process on the bio‐leaching of base metals from the slag sample. Flotation of silica and alumina from the slag improved bio‐leaching performance and recovered about 74.0% of copper, 60.0% of nickel and 33.4% cobalt in the bio‐leaching process conducted at laboratory scale.
Einleitung
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Einleitung werden die Ausgangslage, das Forschungsdesiderat und die forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen, der theoretische Bezugsrahmen und das methodische Vorgehen der Studie dargelegt sowie zentrale Ergebnisse präsentiert. Ausgangspunkt der Studie ist der Fachkräftemangel im Gesundheitswesen und die damit einhergehende bildungspolitische Frage, über welche Zubringerausbildungen auf Sekundarstufe II, der erforderliche Fachkräftenachwuchs rekrutiert werden soll. Die vorliegende Studie fokussiert und vergleicht in diesem Zusammenhang die beiden funktional anschlussäquivalenten Gesundheitsausbildungen Fachmittelschule mit Berufsfeld Gesundheit und berufliche Erstausbildung zur Fachfrau bzw. zum Fachmann Gesundheit.
Fachmittelschule mit Berufsfeld Gesundheit und berufliche Grundbildung Fachfrau/-mann Gesundheit – Zwei funktional anschlussäquivalente Gesundheitsausbildungen
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Kapitel begründet die mit dieser Studie geschlossene Forschungslücke. In Abschn. 2.1 werden im Zusammenhang mit grundlegenden Ausführungen zur Sekundarstufe II und zur Tertiärstufe des Schweizer Bildungssystems die beiden Kernbegriffe der Studie, Positionierung und Profilierung, eingeführt. In den Abschn. 2.2 und 2.3 werden die allgemeinbildende FMS Gesundheit sowie die berufsbildende BGB FaGe als Ausbildungsprogramme beschrieben und es wird der jeweilige gegenwärtige Stand der Forschung dargelegt. Daraus wird abschließend das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Studie – die Positionierung und Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der bzw. im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe – abgeleitet.
Entwicklung einer konventionensoziologischen Perspektive zur Analyse der Positionierung und Profilierung von Ausbildungsprogrammen
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird der theoretische Bezugsrahmen dieser Studie, die Soziologie der Konventionen/ Économie des Conventions (EC), vorgestellt. Ausgehend von einer konventionensoziologischen Definition des Qualitätsbegriffs sowie der Darstellung des theoretischen Instrumentariums, mit dessen Hilfe die empirische Analyse erfolgt, wird das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Studie theoretisch spezifiziert und zu forschungsleitenden Fragen verdichtet.
Ringen um die Positionierung auf der Sekundarstufe II im Bereich Gesundheit zwischen 1990 und 2004
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungMit Kap. 5 beginnt die Ergebnisdarstellung zur ersten Hauptfrage nach der Positionierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der BGB FaGe. Dargestellt wird aus einer historischen Perspektive, was die Einführung der BGB FaGe für die FMS Gesundheit bedeutete und inwiefern es der FMS Gesundheit in einem umstrittenen Aushandlungsprozess gelungen ist, sich als formal anerkannter Zubringer zu den Fachhochschulen zu etablieren. Ausgehend davon werden Überlegungen zur Weiterentwicklung des konventionensoziologischen Rahmens für Analysen im Bereich der Bildung präsentiert.
Positionierung als Zubringer zu den tertiären Gesundheitsausbildungen
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Kapitel wird die Bedeutung der FMS Gesundheit im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe aus einer quantitativen Perspektive erörtert. Damit wird die dritte Teilfrage zur Positionierung der beiden Ausbildungsprogramme, wie sich die FMS Gesundheit gegenwärtig im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe als Zubringer zu den tertiären Gesundheitsausbildungen positioniert, beantwortet. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Daten der Längsschnittanalysen im Bildungsbereich (LABB) des Bundesamts für Statistik (BFS) ausgewertet. Aus diesen eigenen Analysen sind insbesondere zwei Sankey-Diagramme (Abb. 6.1 und 6.6) hervorgegangen, die die Bildungsverläufe der Jugendlichen nach Erstabschluss der FMS (FMS-Ausweis) im Gesundheitsbereich und der BGB FaGe (EFZ FaGe) im Jahr 2012 über eine Zeitspanne von 54 Monaten grafisch nachzeichnen. Ausgehend davon wird im vorliegenden Kapitel auch das Potenzial der beiden Ausbildungsprogramme für die Rekrutierung von tertiären Pflegefachkräften diskutiert.
Ausbildungsprofile im Vergleich
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKap. 7 legt die Ergebnisse zur zweiten Hauptfrage nach der Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe dar. Anhand der Dimensionen Zielgruppe, Bildungsziele, Bildungsinhalte, Wissensformen sowie Modi der Wissensvermittlung und -aneignung wird vergleichend aufgezeigt, was die Ausbildungsprofile der beiden Ausbildungsprogramme charakterisiert und welche sprachregionalen Unterschiede in der Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit erkennbar sind. Ausgehend davon wird die in Kap. 5 konzeptionell eingeführte feldspezifische Artikulation der häuslichen Konvention (häuslich-schulisch und häuslich-betrieblich) basierend auf den gewonnenen empirischen Erkenntnissen ausdifferenziert und empirisch abgestützt.
Thermal equilibrium in string theory in the Hagedorn phase
Authors: Brustein Ram , Zigdon Yoav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In string theory, a thermal state is described by compactifying Euclidean time on a thermal circle $$ {S}_{\beta}^1 $$

S
β
1

, of fixed circumference. However, this circumference is a dynamical field which could vary in space, therefore thermal equilibrium is not guaranteed. We discuss a thermal state of type II string theory near and above the Hagedorn temperature and show that the circumference of the thermal circle can indeed be fixed and stabilized in the presence of a uniform isotropic flux. We solve the equations of motion derived from an action that reproduces the tree-level string S-matrix. We find solutions with the topologies of $$ {S}_{\beta}^1 $$

S
β
1

× S2×$$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
d−2 at a fixed temperature, which include a space-filling winding-mode condensate and a uniform Neveu-Schwarz Neveu-Schwarz flux supported on $$ {S}_{\beta}^1 $$

S
β
1

× S2. The solutions that we find have either a linear dilaton or a constant dilaton, in which case, we find solutions with either a cosmological constant or a Ramond-Ramond flux. We then compare our solutions to the cigar and cylinder backgrounds associated with the SL(2, ℝ)/U(1) coset theory, which include a winding-mode condensate but without flux. We also compare and contrast our solutions with the non-uniform Horowitz-Polchinski solution, which also possesses a winding-mode condensate and is characterized by an approximate thermal equilibrium near the Hagedorn temperature.
A new generation of simultaneous fits to LHC data using deep learning
Authors: Iranipour Shayan , Ubiali Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a new methodology that is able to yield a simultaneous determination of the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the proton alongside any set of parameters that determine the theory predictions; whether within the Standard Model (SM) or beyond it. The SIMUnet methodology is based on an extension of the NNPDF4.0 neural network architecture, which allows the addition of an extra layer to simultaneously determine PDFs alongside an arbitrary number of such parameters. We illustrate its capabilities by simultaneously fitting PDFs with a subset of Wilson coefficients within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework and show how the methodology extends naturally to larger subsets of Wilson coefficients and to other SM precision parameters, such as the strong coupling constant or the heavy quark masses.
Superfluid effective field theory for dark matter direct detection
Authors: Matchev Konstantin , Smolinsky Jordan , Xue Wei , You Yining 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe develop an effective field theory (EFT) framework for superfluid4He to model the interactions among quasiparticles, helium atoms and probe particles. Our effective field theory approach brings together symmetry arguments and power-counting and matches to classical fluid dynamics. We then present the decay and scattering rates for the relevant processes involving quasiparticles and helium atoms. The presented EFT framework and results can be used to understand the dynamics of thermalization in the superfluid, and can be further applied to sub-GeV dark matter direct detection with superfluid4He.
Two-loop leading colour helicity amplitudes for W±γ + j production at the LHC
Authors: Badger Simon , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Kryś Jakub , Zoia Simone 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present the two-loop leading colour QCD helicity amplitudes for the process pp → W (→ lν)γ + j. We implement a complete reduction of the amplitudes, including the leptonic decay of the W-boson, using finite field arithmetic, and extract the analytic finite remainders using a recently identified basis of special functions. Simplified analytic expressions are obtained after considering permutations of a rational kinematic parametrisation and multivariate partial fractioning. We demonstrate efficient numerical evaluation of the two-loop colour and helicity summed finite remainders for physical kinematics, and hence the suitability for phenomenological applications.
A sensitivity study of VBS and diboson WW to dimension-6 EFT operators at the LHC
Authors: Bellan R. , Boldrini G. , Brambilla D. , Brivio I. , Brusa R. , Cetorelli F. , Chiusi M. , Covarelli R. , Del Tatto V. , Govoni P. , Massironi A. , Olivi L. , Ortona G. , Pizzati G. , Tarabini A. , Vagnerini A. , Vernazza E. , Xiao J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a parton-level study of electro-weak production of vector-boson pairs at the Large Hadron Collider, establishing the sensitivity to a set of dimension-six operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Different final states are statistically combined, and we discuss how the orthogonality and interdependence of different analyses must be considered to obtain the most stringent constraints. The main novelties of our study are the inclusion of SMEFT effects in non-resonant diagrams and in irreducible QCD backgrounds, and an exhaustive template analysis of optimal observables for each operator and process considered. We also assess for the first time the sensitivity of vector-boson-scattering searches in semileptonic final states.
Learning by Doing: Integrating Shape Grammar as a Visual Coding Tool in Architectural Curricula
Authors: El-Mahdy Deena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComputational design and shape grammars hold a growing appeal in the architectural curricula. This paper aims to assess shape grammars as a visual teaching method that integrates manual exploration based on “learning by doing” in early education curricula without digital software. As a primary outcome of a visual design course at the British university in Egypt, four self-structured pavilions are fabricated by first-year architecture students. Experimentation occurs through a process of visual computing which develops a deeper understanding of material qualities. A comparison of design parameters is conducted through hands-on experiments that include design principles, unit transformations, connection types, assembly process, and functional aspects. The paper examines the skills that students acquired during the course. This study concludes that by applying shape grammars in design studios, students are adequately prepared at the foundational level for their transition towards learning computational design.
Prospects of genetics and breeding for low-phosphate tolerance: an integrated approach from soil to cell
Authors: Ojeda-Rivera Jonathan Odilón , Alejo-Jacuinde Gerardo , Nájera-González Héctor-Rogelio , López-Arredondo Damar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImproving phosphorus (P) crop nutrition has emerged as a key factor toward achieving a more resilient and sustainable agriculture. P is an essential nutrient for plant development and reproduction, and phosphate (Pi)-based fertilizers represent one of the pillars that sustain food production systems. To meet the global food demand, the challenge for modern agriculture is to increase food production and improve food quality in a sustainable way by significantly optimizing Pi fertilizer use efficiency. The development of genetically improved crops with higher Pi uptake and Pi-use efficiency and higher adaptability to environments with low-Pi availability will play a crucial role toward this end. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of Pi nutrition and the regulation of Pi-starvation responses in plants, and provide new perspectives on how to harness the ample repertoire of genetic mechanisms behind these adaptive responses for crop improvement. We discuss on the potential of implementing more integrative, versatile, and effective strategies by incorporating systems biology approaches and tools such as genome editing and synthetic biology. These strategies will be invaluable for producing high-yielding crops that require reduced Pi fertilizer inputs and to develop a more sustainable global agriculture.
Eastward enlargements of the European Union, transitional arrangements and self-employment
Authors: Ulceluse Magdalena , Kahanec Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen the European Union expanded eastward in 2004 and 2007 to accession the so-called EU8 and EU2 countries, respectively, the incumbent member states imposed temporary restrictions on the employment of EU8 and EU2 nationals. Self-employed individuals were exempted from these transitional arrangements, prompting concerns that self-employment could be used as a means to evade the restrictions on labour market access. If the transitional arrangements led to an increase in EU8 and EU2 nationals’ self-employment rates, as previous research suggests, then their removal should have led to a corresponding decrease. This article analyses whether the latter has indeed been the case. Using pooled cross section data from the EU Labour Force Survey, over the period 2004–2019, we show that removing the transitional arrangements has had a negative effect on the self-employment rates of EU2 nationals, but seemingly no effect on the self-employment rates of EU8 nationals. Distinguishing between types of capitalist regimes, however, reveals a much more nuanced picture, with significant variation in terms of the magnitude and significance of the effect across groups of countries.
High-density direct laser deposition (DLD) of CM247LC alloy: microstructure, porosity and cracks
Authors: Bidare Prveen , Mehmeti Aldi , Jiménez Amaia , Li Sheng , Garman Chris , Dimov Stefan , Essa Khamis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNickel-based alloys are known as non-weldable materials due to their complex characteristics. Consequently, additive manufacturing of these alloys is particularly challenging. In this paper, the influence of process parameters on the porosity, crack formation and microstructure of additively manufactured CM247LC nickel-based alloy is analysed. The feasibility of the direct laser deposition (DLD) process to manufacture crack-free and low-porosity CM247LC samples is studied. CM247LC samples were built on Inconel 718 that has similar chemical composition, to form hybrid superalloy parts. It was shown that crack-free and high-density CM247LC samples can be obtained through DLD without significant substrate preheating for certain parameter combinations: laser power in the range of 800–1000 W and powder feed rates between 6 and 8 g/min. High-cost and complex preheating was avoided that was commonly reported as necessary to achieve similar densities. For hybrid parts, a large beam diameter and slow scan speeds were employed to achieve optimal conditions as it was evident from the achieved bonding between the Inconel 718 substrate and the deposited layers. It was observed that good bonding between the two materials can be obtained with laser power values between 800 and 1000 W, scanning speed higher than 300 mm/min and powder flow rates of 6–8 g/min.
A reduced basis method for fractional diffusion operators I
Authors: Danczul Tobias , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose and analyze new numerical methods to evaluate fractional norms and apply fractional powers of elliptic operators. By means of a reduced basis method, we project to a small dimensional subspace where explicit diagonalization via the eigensystem is feasible. The method relies on several independent evaluations of $$({{\,\mathrm{I}\,}}-t_i^2\Delta )^{-1}f$$

(

I

-

t
i
2

Δ
)

-
1

f

, which can be computed in parallel. We prove exponential convergence rates for the optimal choice of sampling points $$t_i$$

t
i

, provided by the so-called Zolotarëv points. Numerical experiments confirm the analysis and demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm.
Sphere Partition Function of Calabi–Yau GLSMs
Authors: Erkinger David , Knapp Johanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sphere partition function of Calabi–Yau gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) has been shown to compute the exact Kähler potential of the Kähler moduli space of a Calabi–Yau. We propose a universal expression for the sphere partition function evaluated in hybrid phases of Calabi–Yau GLSMs that are fibrations of Landau–Ginzburg orbifolds over some base manifold. Special cases include Calabi–Yau complete intersections in toric ambient spaces and Landau–Ginzburg orbifolds. The key ingredients that enter the expression are Givental’sI/J-functions, the Gamma class and further data associated to the hybrid model. We test the proposal for one- and two-parameter abelian GLSMs, making connections, where possible, to known results from mirror symmetry and FJRW theory.
Mahler Measure for a Quiver Symphony
Authors: Bao Jiakang , He Yang-Hui , Zahabi Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdopting the Mahler measure from number theory, we introduce it to toric quiver gauge theories, and study some of its salient features and physical implications. We propose that the Mahler measure is a universal measure for the quiver, encoding its dynamics with the monotonic behaviour along a so-called Mahler flow including two special points at isoradial and tropical limits. Along the flow, the amoeba, from tropical geometry, provides geometric interpretations for the dynamics of the quiver. In the isoradial limit, the maximization of Mahler measure is shown to be equivalent to a-maximization. The Mahler measure and its derivative are closely related to the master space, leading to the property that the specular duals have the same functions as coefficients in their expansions, hinting the emergence of a free theory in the tropical limit. Moreover, they indicate the existence of phase transition. We also find that the Mahler measure should be invariant under Seiberg duality.
Heat flux in latent thermal energy storage systems: the influence of fins, thermal conductivity and driving temperature difference
Authors: Quenel Julian , Atakan Burak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhase change materials (PCM) can increase the energy densities in thermal energy storage systems. Heat transfer rates in PCMs are usually limiting, different improvement methods were used previously, such as fins or improved thermal conductivities. Here, the influence of fin geometries, PCM thermal conductivity and discharge temperature of the secondary fluid are investigated by modelling. The analysed outcomes are their influence on stored energy, heat flux and stored exergy. The two-dimensional time dependent energy equation was solved for a rectangular enclosure with a secondary fluid with constant temperature as boundary condition on one side. The modelled PCM data based on a paraffin melting at 44 °C. The different improvement methods increase the heat flux, but the increase is lower than expected according to idealized calculations. The basis for this investigation is the evaluation of a dimensionless heat flux number formed from the heat flux, thermal conductivity, temperature difference from the secondary fluid to the phase change temperature and a characteristic length of the system. The influence of the better thermal conductivity is found to be lower at higher fin volume fractions. The increase of the discharge temperature difference had the strongest impact on the heat flux, but the exergy loss also increased. The exergy loss was also related to the achieved reduction in the discharge time as an indicator for the heat flux. Here, it was seen that the exergy losses outweigh the advantage in discharge time from a higher discharge temperature difference.