bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Ethics Landscape for the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in Conservation
Authors: Palmer Clare , Sandler Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to identify the values and ethical issues at stake when assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are used in animals for conservation purposes. We outline key concerns about individual animal welfare and lives, and the central conservation values that underpin and justify the use of ARTs for conservation purposes. We then discuss three questions that might help to guide ethical development and use of ARTs in a conservation context: Is the goal of the project involving ARTs for conservation well justified? Can the goal of the project be accomplished responsibly using ARTs? Is the project, and the use of ARTs in it, overall desirable? Decisions to use ARTs for conservation are ethically complex and not amenable to blanket ethical approval or disapproval; they will, instead, require detailed empirically and normatively grounded evaluation on a case-by-case basis, which can be guided by these questions.
Liquidity Challenges in Non-US Energy Stocks: Assessing the Impact of Terrorism and Geopolitical Risks
Authors: Kersting Lee , Kim Jang-Chul , Su Qing 
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how terrorism and geopolitical risk impact the liquidity of non-U.S. energy stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). We find that countries with higher terrorism risk have wider bid-ask spreads, smaller market depth, and poorer market quality, thus suggesting lower liquidity. We also find that higher terrorism risk leads to increased information-based trading. In addition, the effect of terrorism risk on liquidity is not uniform across the energy sector. Specifically, we find the Oil and Gas Extraction and Utility sectors exhibit lower liquidity in countries with higher terrorism risk. However, this effect is opposite for Supporting Activities for Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sector. Additionally, we investigate how the Crimean crisis affects the liquidity of non-U.S. energy stocks and find that the crisis results in lower liquidity and higher information-based trading for these stocks. JEL Classification: G14, G38, Q43
Haloperidol dopamine receptor occupancy and antagonism correspond to delirium agitation scores and EPS risk: A PBPK-PD modeling analysis
Authors: Burkat Paul M 
Published: January 2025

Background: Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Numerous precipitating factors and etiologies merge into the pathophysiology of this condition which can be marked by agitation and psychosis. Judicious use of antipsychotic medications such as intravenous haloperidol reduces these symptoms and distress in critically ill individuals. Aims: This study aimed to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the antipsychotic medication haloperidol; estimate plasma and unbound interstitial brain concentrations for repetitive haloperidol administrations used in hyperactive delirium treatment; determine dopamine receptor occupancy and antagonism under these conditions; and correlate these results with Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores and the risk of developing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs). Methods: The PBPK model for single and repetitive administrations of peroral and intravenous haloperidol was developed with PK-Sim software. The pharmacodynamic (PD) model for RASS scores with haloperidol unbound interstitial brain concentration passed as the regressor was developed with the MonolixSuite 2021R platform. Results: Peak haloperidol plasma and unbound interstitial brain concentrations following a single 2 mg intravenous dose are 32 ± 5 nM and 2.4 ± 0.4 nM. With repetitive administrations, dopamine receptor occupancy is 70%–83% and D2LR antagonism is 1%–10%. Variations in dopamine receptor occupancy correlate with changes in RASS scores in individuals with hyperactive delirium. There is a linear association between the odds ratio of developing EPS and peak D2LR antagonism as functions of dopamine receptor occupancy. Conclusions: Haloperidol dopamine receptor occupancy time course and D2LR antagonism parallel RASS score changes and EPS risk, respectively.
Isolated ACL Reconstruction Versus Combined ACL and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction: Functional Outcomes, Return to Sport, and Survivorship: An Updated Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Mercurio Michele , Cofano Erminia , Gasparini Giorgio , Galasso Olimpio , Familiari Filippo , Sanzo Valentina , Ciolli Gianluca , Corona Katia , Cerciello Simone 
Published: January 2025

Background: Failure, persistent knee instability, and reinjury rates after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are still concerns. Biomechanical investigations have highlighted the role of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) as a crucial knee stabilizer, and clinical outcomes after combined ACL and ALL reconstruction appear to indicate the success of the procedure. Purpose: To compare the functional outcomes, return-to-sport (RTS) rate, and complications between combined ACL and ALL reconstruction and isolated ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central databases were used to search keywords, and a total of 16 studies were included. The data extracted for quantitative analysis included the Tegner activity scale score, Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, laxity measured using the KT-1000 knee arthrometer, number and types of complications, RTS rate, and survival rate. Random- and fixed-effects models were used for the meta-analysis of pooled mean differences and odds ratios. Results: A total of 2329 patients were identified, 1116 of whom underwent combined ACL and ALL reconstruction and 1213 of whom underwent isolated ACL reconstruction. The mean ages were 25.4 ± 7.2 years and 26.5 ± 7.8 years for the combined ACL and ALL reconstruction and isolated ACL reconstruction groups, respectively. The mean follow-ups were 40.3 ± 21.4 months and 42.5 ± 21.6 months, respectively. Comparable Tegner activity scale ( P = .16), Lysholm knee ( P = .13), and IKDC ( P = .83) scores were found between groups. Significantly greater postoperative knee laxity was found in the isolated ACL reconstruction group (mean difference, –0.44; 95% CI, –0.85 to −0.04; P = .03). The combined ACL and ALL reconstruction group showed a significantly lower rate of graft failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77; P = .008), a higher RTS rate (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.80; P = .005), and a higher survival rate (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.97-4.37; P < .001). Conclusion: Compared with isolated ACL reconstruction, combined ACL and ALL reconstruction yielded comparable functional outcomes but significantly less residual knee laxity and a lower graft failure rate. Patients who underwent combined ACL and ALL reconstruction also had higher RTS and survival rates.
Association of Smokeless Tobacco Use With Perioperative Complications and Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Holle Alejandro M. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Pejic Jelena , Van Schuyver Paul R. , Chhabra Anikar , Economopoulos Kostas J. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Tobacco use is a known modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications and revision surgery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Previous studies focus on tobacco as a broad categorization of traditional smoking, smokeless tobacco, and other forms of nicotine use. It is unclear if differences in the type of nicotine used lead to similar adverse outcomes after ACLR. Purposes: To (1) assess the incidence of postoperative complications among ACLR patients who use smokeless tobacco and (2) compare these outcomes with those of patients who do not use tobacco and those who smoke tobacco. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilizing the PearlDiver database was conducted. Patients undergoing primary ACLR with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Smokeless tobacco users (n = 898), cigarette smokers (n= 22,062), and non–tobacco users (n= 207,462) were matched based on patient variables and comorbidities. Postoperative complications within 90 days of surgery and subsequent knee surgery within 2 years were compared among groups. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to control for confounding variables. Results: Compared with nonusers, smokeless tobacco users demonstrated an increased risk of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 3.36; 95% CI, 1.41-7.90), acute kidney injury (OR, 12.7; 95% CI, 3.77-52.8), and emergency department (ED) utilization (OR, 6.29; 95% CI, 3.70-10.9) within 90 days of the ACLR. Additionally, smokeless tobacco users had an increased risk of ACLR (OR, 4.75; 95% CI, 3.60-6.26) and meniscal surgery (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.23-3.73) within 2 years. When compared with cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users showed an increased risk of pneumonia (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.33-7.78), acute kidney injury (OR, 7.63; 95% CI, 2.72-22.5), and ED visits (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.26-1.90) within 90 days and subsequent ACLR (OR, 4.81; 95% CI, 3.58-6.47) and meniscal surgery (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.45-4.26) within 2 years. Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco use was associated with an increased risk of medical complications, ED utilization, and subsequent procedures compared with nonuser controls and traditional smokers. These findings highlight the importance of considering specific forms of tobacco use in preoperative screening for patients undergoing ACLR.
Prevalence of bleeding in patients on single or dual antiplatelet therapy combined with vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Alkhushaym Nasser , Aldhafeeri Maha , Hamad Meshaal , Almutairi Bander , Mahmud Mamun , Alenizi Maha , Alsalman Abdulkhaliq J. 
Published: January 2025

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation often require anticoagulation therapy to prevent stroke and thromboembolism. However, anticoagulants can have serious side effects, such as bleeding, particularly when combined with antiplatelet therapy. Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of major bleeding in patients receiving either dual or triple antithrombotic therapy. Method This study is a single-center retrospective chart review utilizing the hospital electronic health record. The prevalence and percentage of bleeding events were reported for each antithrombotic regimen. Results Of the 539 patients receiving oral anticoagulants, 202 were using oral anticoagulants in combination with either single or dual antiplatelet therapy. Out of 35 patients using triple antithrombotic therapy, four (11.4%) experienced major bleeding. Based on the analysis of 73 patients using anticoagulants in combined with clopidogrel, the results showed that one patient (1.3%) suffered bleeding. Among the 94 patients treated with anticoagulants plus aspirin, seven (7.4%) experienced major bleeding events. Conclusion The combination of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents is associated with an elevated bleeding risk. Patients receiving triple antithrombotic therapy experience high prevalence of bleeding. Nonetheless, the group receiving anticoagulant and clopidogrel alone exhibited low prevalence of bleeding risk.
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients With HBV-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab Treatment
Authors: Sheng Bi , Wang Dong , Wang Jingjing 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and its effect on tumor response and survival outcomes in patients with HBV-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing lenvatinib plus camrelizumab treatment. Methods 216 patients with HBV-related advanced HCC receiving lenvatinib and camrelizumab were enrolled. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and tumor response were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for HBV reactivation. Results HBV reactivation occurred in 24 patients (11.1%). It was associated with poor survival and tumor response in these patients. Undetectable DNA levels, the absence of antiviral therapy, and high ALT levels were identified as vital risk factors for HBV reactivation. After receiving or adjusting the antiviral strategy, tumor response improved in patients with HBV reactivation. Conclusions HBV reactivation could occur in patients with HBV-related HCC, treated with lenvatinib and camrelizumab, worsening tumor response and patient survival. Regular monitoring of the indicators of HBV infection and effective antiviral treatments are recommended for these patients to prevent severe complications.
Intervention to Improve Children’s Hygiene in Urban Squatter Settlement Schools in Pakistan: An Implementation Research
Authors: Pradhan Nousheen Akber , Hashmi Muzna , Mazhar Laraib , Uzair Muhammad , Hussain Laeba , Naseem Maleeha , Iqbal Shagufta , Saeed Ali Tazeen , Karmaliani Rozina , Hasnani Fauzia Basaria 
Published: January 2025

Background: School-based interventions are crucial for promoting healthy behaviors in children and preventing the spread of diseases. This study aimed to enhance hygiene knowledge and practices (K&P) among school children through a school-based intervention. Objective: To improve personal and environmental hygiene K&P amongst primary and middle-grade students in urban squatter settlement schools in Karachi, Pakistan using school-based intervention. Design: Quasi-experimental study conducted in three schools over 2 years. Setting: Urban squatter settlement schools in Karachi, Pakistan, serving primary, and middle-grade students. Participants: A total of 156 students participated in the study, with a majority of 55.77% being girls (n = 87). Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Intervention: Behavioral Change Communication (BCC) strategies aimed at improving school children’s hygiene K&P. Primary Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures included changes in hygiene K&P pre- and post-intervention, specifically focusing on personal hygiene and environmental hygiene. Results: Significant improvements observed post-intervention. Mean knowledge score differences were 20.33 (SD = 5.85) for personal hygiene and 10.08 (SD = 7.72) for environmental hygiene. Practice scores also increased, with mean differences of 2.52 (SD = 1.98) and 2.47 (SD = 2.08) for personal and environmental hygiene, respectively. Statistically significant improvements (P < .05) were noted across most of the hygiene domains. Conclusions: The school-based intervention effectively improved personal and environmental hygiene K&P among primary and middle-grade children in urban squatter settlement schools. Key recommendations include integrating hygiene education into the curriculum, providing enabling environment to children and capacity building of school teachers to teach hygiene education.
MetaRehabVerse: The Great Opportunity to Put the Person’s Functioning and Participation at the Center of Healthcare
Authors: Morone Giovanni , Ciancarelli Irene , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Cerasa Antonio , Iosa Marco , Gimigliano Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective: The metaverse refers to a digital realm accessible via internet connections using virtual reality and augmented reality glasses for promoting a new era of social rehabilitation. It represents the next-generation mobile computing platform expected to see widespread utilization in the future. In the context of rehabilitation, the metaverse is envisioned as a novel approach to enhance the treatment of human functioning exploiting the “synchronized brains” potential exacerbated by social interactions in virtual scenarios. Results: The metaverse emerges as an ideal domain for adapting the principles of the—International Classification of Functioning. Its intrinsic capacity to simulate interactions within virtual environments shared by multi-users, while providing a profound sense of presence and comprehensive perception, should facilitate learning and experiential understanding. Technical and conceptual aspects are currently under definition, including the interplay with artificial intelligence, definition of social metrics performance, and the utilization of blockchain technology for economic purposes. Conclusion: Building upon these foundations, this paper explores potential areas of metaverse applications in rehabilitation and examines how they may facilitate the pillars outlined in the World Health Organization’s Rehabilitation 2030 call for action.
Improved Glycemic Control in Insulin-Treated Individuals With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Through Combined Structured Education With Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Yoo Jee Hee , Jun Ji Eun , Kwak Soo Heon , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: January 2025

Background: We evaluated the efficacy of structured individualized education combined with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM, Dexcom G6) in improving glycemic outcomes in insulin-treated adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This multicenter, 16-week, single-arm study included 66 adults with T2D (multiple daily insulin [MDI]: 33; basal insulin: 33) with a ≥7.8%. Each cohort comprised 15 participants aged ≥60 years. The participants attended four educational sessions. The primary outcome was a change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between baseline and week 16. Results: Sixty-four individuals were included in this study, with a mean age of 58.3 ± 12.4 years. The mean HbA1c levels decreased from 9.0% at baseline to 7.1% at 16 weeks in the MDI group (difference: −1.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.3 to −1.3) and from 8.8% to 7.0% in the basal insulin group (difference: −1.8%, 95% CI = −2.1 to −1.4). In the total population, the mean time in range 70 to 180 mg/dL increased by 25.2% (6 hours 4 minutes, 95% CI = 20.6 to 29.8), whereas the time in tight range 70 to 140 mg/dL increased by 17.3% (4 hours 10 minutes, 95% CI = 14.0 to 20.7). Both groups maintained a target of <1% of the time below the range of <54 mg/dL. Improvements in HbA1c and CGM metrics were comparable between individuals aged ≥60 years and those aged <60 years (all P-values for interaction >.1). Conclusions: In adults with poorly controlled insulin-treated T2D, rt-CGM use with structured education significantly improved the HbA1c and CGM metrics, primarily by reducing hyperglycemia, regardless of age.
Feasibility of attention-based virtual reality interventions in fibromyalgia syndrome: comparing systems, virtual environments and activities
Authors: Tsigarides Jordan , Grove Vanessa , Chipping Jacqueline , Dainty Jack , Miles Susan , Shenker Nicholas , Sami Saber , Macgregor Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Background Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is highly prevalent with a significant associated morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Effective treatments for FMS remain elusive with pharmacological management (including use of opioids) often proving ineffective. There is a need to develop accessible, innovative management approaches to improve patient care. Virtual reality (VR) interventions have shown evidence of efficacy in the management of acute pain and chronic low back pain, but their feasibility in FMS has not hitherto been explored. Methods This feasibility study investigates the use of four different VR systems, four interactive VR activities and two virtual environments in patients with FMS. Acceptability (including adverse effects) and study engagement were the main outcomes investigated. Clinical outcome data on pain and mood were also collected to gather preliminary information for future studies. Results The results demonstrated good feasibility across VR systems, activities and virtual environments with high levels of acceptability, low frequency of adverse effects, and positive perceptions of VR in patients with FMS. Reporting of adverse effects (including fatigue) varied across different VR components, with system comfort and virtual environmental design being particularly important. Conclusions The findings increase our confidence with respect to the feasibility of using VR in people with FMS, help to inform future randomised controlled trials and emphasise the importance of tailored interventional design for future VR therapeutics.
Merits photocatalytic activity of rGO/zinc copper ferrite magnetic nanocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye
Authors: Abuzeyad Osama H. , El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Tantawy Hesham , Gobara Mohamed , Elsayed Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe world is now facing a water scarcity crisis due to waste, pollution, and uneven distribution of freshwater resources, which are limited. Thus, the creation of innovative, economical, and effective methods for purifying water is crucial. Here, the photo-assisted degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light and UV was achieved by using RGO photocatalyst loaded with Zn0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 in three different loaded 10%, 20%, and 30% called MRGO 10, MRGO 20, and MRGO 30. Furthermore, all prepared samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Raman analysis. After 40 min, the high photocatalytic efficacy effectively eliminated about 95.2% of the 10 ppm MB using 20 mg of MRGO 20 NPs at pH9 Visible light. From the results, the photocatalytic activity of MRGO 20 reduced to 54.6% after five cycles of methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The produced samples' observed efficacy in both UV and visible light may encourage continued research into more effective photocatalysts for the filtration of water.