bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic permeatal “push-through” myringoplasty: hearing gain and graft uptake
Authors: Gharib Fadi Mahmoud , Naseer Usama Abdel , Elessi Ahmed Monir Jamal , Algarf Tareq Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic myringoplasty allows full visualization of the external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and middle ear without the need to reposition the patient’s head. The endoscope allows accessing hidden areas and structures not properly viewed by the microscope such as sinus tympani, facial recess, and hypotympanum. It also provides sharp, magnified image and shortens the duration of the surgery. The postoperative pain and morbidity are reduced and hence the hospital stay.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic-assisted permeatal transperforation “push-through” myringoplasty by assessing the graft take rate and hearing results.
Our study included twenty patients (14 females and 6 males) with chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma that underwent endoscopic-assisted permeatal transperforation myringoplasty.

Results
The case was considered '”successful'” if there was complete healing of the tympanic membrane and improvement of hearing. Graft uptake success rates were 85% with P-value 0.132. Average air-bone gap (A-B gap) preoperative was 18.20 dB; average A-B gap 1-month postoperative was 7.75 dB.

Conclusion
Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty provided sharp, magnified visualization and operability as it avoids retroauricular skin incision and minimizes surgical procedures to expose hidden areas. There is less bleeding, a shorter operating time, less postoperative morbidity, and minimal postoperative care.
A recurring error in evaluating the effects of different pesticides, pollutants and fertilizers with a zero level
Authors: Moreau Gaétan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Quenouille-Addelman solution has been proposed to properly analyze linear models with a crossed or factorial arrangement of treatments that includes a qualitative/categorical and a quantitative factor with a zero level, a situation particularly prevalent in ecotoxicological studies. However, a review of the recent literature reveals that this solution isn’t used, perhaps due to a lack of recognition that zero-level factors can produce incomplete factorial arrangements.ResultsUsing practical examples, I demonstrate that the conclusions of a study can be substantially altered if the Quenouille-Addelman solution is not used when warranted.ConclusionsSuspecting that the lack of a detailed method may have contributed to the underutilization of the solution, I describe how to apply the solution using current statistical software packages and discuss how the solution can be adapted to address some experimental situations not previously considered.
A methodology to creating semi-artificial city driving cycle: case study of Istanbul
Authors: Aydın Muhammet , Soruşbay Cem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study describes the methodology of creating Semi - Artificial City Cycle (SACC), which can be used for emission tests of road vehicles; sustainability of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); or emission inventories of the city. This methodology uses the half-hour frequency traffic data of Istanbul to calculate the average speeds and travel distances of urban, rural and highway segments. Then, calculated average data convert into instantaneous time—velocity distribution by random time—speed values, which are appropriate for acceleration/deceleration of real-world driving. In addition, in this study, the obtained artificial cycles and the regulation cycle are modelled in the AVL Cruise software to compare, and the driving dynamics of the city are examined. The SACC has different acceleration/deceleration distribution, average driving speeds, trips and travel times than regulation tests. However, according to the simulation results, the same fuel consumption and CO2 emission factors are obtained with the regulation test, except for the highway segment.
Shear retrofitting with manually made NSM FRP sheets (MMFRP) of RC beams
Authors: Abdelmohaymen Mohamed G. , Salem Hamed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed carbon manually made fibre-reinforced polymer (MMFRP) folded sheet for shear strengthening of nine RC beams using near-surface mounted (NSM) method, in addition to an unstrengthened control beam. In the laboratory, MMFRP folded sheets were manually manufactured. MMFRP is made by folding an FRP sheet into appropriate groove widths. Carbon MMFRP folded sheets with varying strip amounts, FRP areas and development lengths increase the shear strength of rectangular-reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Double, triple and quadruple strips of FRP were intended to test the enhancement of strength capacity when the strip quantity was just increased without modifying the FRP area and development length. In addition, different FRP areas and development lengths were used to analyse the FRP area and development length of NSM-FRP strips. The advantages of beam strengthening employing different MMFRP folded sheets are explored based on experimental findings. In comparison with the control beam, beams with double, triple and quadruple strips demonstrate 68%, 59% and 74% improvements in shear load-carrying capacity, respectively. However, the study discovered that if the number of strips, FRP area or development length is raised, the member’s shear strength capability is estimated to improve.
Motivation for COVID-19 vaccination among international students in Russia
Authors: Nikolaev E. , Petunova S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAfter Russia decided to start COVID-19 vaccination of international students who are getting their education on its territory, they received an opportunity to get a single dose of COVID-19 Sputnik Light vaccine. What motives can such international students have for being vaccinated in the situation of uncertainty?ObjectivesOur goal is to define the structure of motivation for COVID-19 vaccination among international students who are getting education at different departments of the university.MethodsIn October 2021, we surveyed 409 international students getting education at Ulianov Chuvash State University in Cheboksary, who agreed to COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsThose who applied for vaccination were mostly 3rd year students (32.03%) and 4th year ones (21.52%). 8 students out of the surveyed (1.96%) had been vaccinated outside Russia, 4 – in Russia (0.98%). 8.56% of the pool had had COVID-19, 57.7% had not, 33.74% could not give a certain answer. Main motives for COVID-19 vaccination were: unwillingness to be ill (57.21%), unwillingness to have any limitations imposed (22.98%), unwillingness, especially of medical students, to have problems in their studies (12.22%), inclination towards following their relatives’ advice (5.13%), desire to follow the surrounding people’s example (1.98%). In personal conversations, the students often expressed their wish for being vaccinated with a 2-component Sputnik V vaccine for a better protection from illness.ConclusionsThe survey of the international students’ motives showed that most of them have positive attitude to COVID-19 vaccination and feel inclined to be vaccinated with a Russian vaccine in order to reduce the risk of getting ill.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The human brain in the transhumanist mindset. A neuroethical critique of the neuroscience paradigm
Authors: Galvañ J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNeuroscience advances open the debate on improving brain functionality and human behavior. Transhumanism advocates the use of biotechnology for the betterment of man, transcending into another nature. Neuroethics marks limits of the application and experimentation in neuroscience, also proposing an interdisciplinary philosophical reflection valuing the multidimensionality of human mind.ObjectivesTo analyze the transhumanist approach of domining human nature controlling cognitive and moral functions through technique. A critique from neuroethics in an interdisciplinary key to evaluate the complexity of mental functionality and the derived issues that go beyond the scientific scope, with the help of philosophy.MethodsA bibliographic review on neuroscience and neuroethics is carried out, finding a core consensus in the warning of the biopsychosocial complexity of the set of realities that shape the human being, facing a reductionist vision of neuroscience.ResultsDespite the advances in biotechnology and neuroscientific research, the transhumanist approach of brain enhancement transgressing human reality and reducing its nature to a mechanical question that can be controlled through psychopharmacological resources, becomes dystopian due to the lack of ontological continuity in the deconstruction of the human being in a set of neural circuits, and the lack of consideration of all the dimensions that configure the human mind and existence.ConclusionsAn interdisciplinary vision is necessary to analyze the human mind, avoiding falling into the brain reductionism of the neuroscientific paradigm, for an holistic understanding of the human mind and behaviors, beside the integration of a philosophical reflection to join neurobiology and moral dimensions, in a humanist return from transhumanism.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Authors: Vita Antonio , Gaebel Wolfgang , Mucci Armida , Sachs Gabriele , Erfurth Andreas , Barlati Stefano , Zanca Federico , Giordano Giulia Maria , Birkedal Glenthøj Louise , Nordentoft Merete , Galderisi Silvana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Impairment in a wide range of cognitive abilities has been consistently reported in individuals with schizophrenia. Both neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are thought to underlie severe functional disabilities associated with schizophrenia. Despite the key role in schizophrenia outcome, cognition is still poorly assessed in both research and clinical settings.

Methods
In this guidance paper, we provide a systematic review of the scientific literature and elaborate several recommendations for the assessment of cognitive functions in schizophrenia both in research settings and in real-world clinical practice.

Results
Expert consensus and systematic reviews provided guidance for the optimal assessment of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Based on the reviewed evidence, we recommend a comprehensive and systematic assessment of neurocognitive and social cognitive domains in schizophrenia, in all phases of the disorder, as well as in subjects at risk to develop psychosis. This European Psychiatric Association guidance recommends not only the use of observer reports but also self-reports and interview-based cognitive assessment tools. The guidance also provides a systematic review of the state of the art of assessment in the first episode of psychosis patients and in individuals at risk for psychosis.

Conclusion
The comprehensive review of the evidence and the recommendations might contribute to advance the field, allowing a better cognitive assessment, and avoiding overlaps with other psychopathological dimensions. The dissemination of this guidance paper may promote the development of shared guidelines concerning the assessment of cognitive functions in schizophrenia, with the purpose to improve the quality of care and to obtain recovery.
Sandwich meta-panel based on grooved corrugation for low-frequency sound absorption
Authors: Sun Wei , Ren Shuwei , Liu Yiyang , Lei Ye , Wang Haitao , Zeng Xiangyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a novel sandwich meta-panel (SMP) with grooved corrugations is proposed to efficiently attenuate low-frequency sound waves under deep subwavelength thickness (e.g.,

at 133 Hz). Most innovatively, SMP possesses tremendous mechanical characteristics (e.g., high bending stiffness) simultaneously, stemming from its corrugation core configuration. A theoretical prediction for sound absorption with an explicit expression of effective length is built, as well as a direct numerical simulation model. The theoretical and numerical results coincide well with each other, and demonstrate the SMPs' great capacity of manipulating low-frequency sound waves. Further, the SMPs can be tuned flexibly through altering perforation diameter, channel length and folding number, and multiple diverse unit cells can be coupled to get wide high-absorption bands (e.g.,

from 203 Hz to 249 Hz). The SMPs pave a new way for coiled-up space metastructures to engineering applications, with simple layout and perspicuous designing guidance.
Chiral active matter
Authors: Liebchen Benno , Levis Demian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chiral active matter comprises particles which can self-propel and self-rotate. Examples range from sperm cells and bacteria near walls to autophoretic L-shaped colloids. In this perspective article we focus on recent developments in chiral active matter. After briefly discussing the motion of single particles, we discuss collective phenomena ranging from vortex arrays and patterns made of rotating micro-flocks to states featuring unusual rheological properties.
Weekly Somapacitan is Effective and Well Tolerated in Children With GH Deficiency: The Randomized Phase 3 REAL4 Trial
Authors: Miller Bradley S , Blair Joanne C , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Maniatis Aristides , Kildemoes Rasmus Juul , Mori Jun , Polak Michel , Bang Rikke Beck , Böttcher Volker , Stagi Stefano , Horikawa Reiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Somapacitan, a once-weekly reversible albumin-binding GH derivative, is evaluated in children with GH deficiency (GHD).

Objective
To demonstrate efficacy and safety of somapacitan vs daily GH.

Methods
REAL4 is a randomised, multinational, open-labeled, active-controlled parallel group phase 3 trial, comprising a 52-week main trial and 3-year extension (NCT03811535).

Setting
Eighty-six sites across 20 countries.

Patients
200 treatment-naïve patients were randomized and exposed.

Interventions
Patients were randomized 2:1 to somapacitan (0.16 mg/kg/wk) or daily GH (Norditropin; 0.034 mg/kg/d), administered subcutaneously.

Main outcome measures
The primary endpoint was annualized height velocity (HV; cm/y) at week 52. Additional assessments included HV SD score (SDS), height SDS, bone age, IGF-I SDS, patient-reported outcomes, and safety measures.

Results
Estimated mean HV at week 52 was 11.2 and 11.7 cm/y for somapacitan and daily GH, respectively. Noninferiority was confirmed. Changes in HV SDS, height SDS, bone age, and IGF-I SDS from baseline to week 52 were similar between treatment groups. At week 52, mean IGF-I SDS values were similar between treatment groups and within normal range (–2 to +2). Safety of somapacitan was consistent with the well-known daily GH profile. Low proportions of injection-site reactions were reported for somapacitan (5.3%) and daily GH (5.9%). Both treatments similarly reduced disease burden from baseline to week 52, whereas a greater treatment burden reduction was observed for somapacitan.

Conclusions
Similar efficacy for somapacitan compared to daily GH was demonstrated over 52 weeks of treatment with comparable safety and mean IGF-I SDS levels in treatment-naïve children with GHD.
Freshwater adaptation in prickly sculpin (Pisces: Cottidae): intraspecific comparisons reveal evidence for water pH and Na+ concentration driving diversity in gill H+-ATPase and ion regulation
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wilson Jonathan M. , Taylor Eric B. , Richards Jeffrey G. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTPhenotypic divergence is a hallmark of adaptive radiation. One example involves differentiation in physiological traits involved in ion regulation among species with contrasting lifestyles and living in distinct environments. Differentiation in ion regulation and its ecological implications among populations within species are, however, less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we collected prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) from distinct habitat types including coastal rivers connected to estuaries, coastal lakes and interior lakes, all from British Columbia, Canada. We tested for differences in plasma Na+ and Cl−, gill Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activity and protein abundance as well as changes in body mass and arterial blood pH in fish sampled from the field and acclimated to two different freshwater conditions in the laboratory: artificial lake water (ALW) and ion-poor water (IPW). We also tested for links between environmental water chemistry and the physiological characteristics associated with ion regulation. Transfer to IPW resulted in upregulation of gill Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activity as well as increases in gill H+-ATPase protein expression level in each habitat compared with that in the common ALW treatment. Despite the presence of population-within-habitat-type differences, significant habitat-type effects were revealed in most of the ion regulation characteristics examined under different acclimation conditions. Significantly lower plasma Cl− was detected in fish from coastal rivers than in fish from the other two habitat types during the IPW treatment, which was also significantly lower compared with that in ALW. Similarly, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was lower in the coastal river populations in IPW than in fish from coastal and interior lakes, which was not in accordance with the protein expression in the gill. For gill H+-ATPase, fish from interior lake populations had the highest level of activity across all habitat types under all conditions, which was related to the protein levels in the gill. The activity of gill H+-ATPase was positively correlated with the combined effect of water Na+ and pH under the ALW treatment. Our results suggest that variation in habitat may be an important factor driving differences in gill Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activity across populations of C. asper. Further, the combined effect of water Na+ and pH may have played a key role in physiological adaptation in C. asper during post-glacial freshwater colonization and dispersal.
Muscle preactivation and the limits of muscle power output during jumping in the Cuban tree frog Osteopilus septentrionalis
Authors: Marsh Richard L. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Previous studies of jumping in frogs have found power outputs in excess of what is possible from direct application of muscle power and concluded that jumping requires the storage and release of elastic strain energy. Of course, the muscles must produce the work required and their power output should be consistent with known muscle properties if the total duration of muscle activity is known. Using the Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, I measured jumping performance from kinematics and used EMG measurements of three major jumping muscles to determine the duration of muscle activity. Using the total mass of all the hindlimb muscles, muscle mass-specific work output up to 60 J kg−1 was recorded. Distributed over the duration of the jump, both average and peak muscle mass-specific power output increased approximately linearly with the work done, reaching values of over 750 and 2000 W kg−1, respectively. However, the muscles were activated before the jump started. Both preactivation duration and EMG amplitude increased with increasing amounts of work performed. Assuming the muscles could produce work from EMG onset until toe-off, the average muscle mass-specific power over this longer interval also increased with work done, but only up to a work output of 36 J kg−1. The mean power above this value of work was 281 W kg−1, which is approximately 65% of the estimated maximum isotonic power. Several reasons are put forward for suggesting this power output, although within the known properties of the muscles, is nevertheless an impressive achievement.
The effect of an artificial intelligence algorithm on chest X-ray interpretation of radiology residents
Authors: Pekçevik Yeliz , Orbatu Dilek , Güngör Fatih , Yıldırım Oktay , Yaşar Eminullah , Yimer Mohammed Abebe , Şişman Ali Rıza , Emiroğlu Mustafa , Dao Lan , Cohen Joseph Paul , Sevinç Süleyman 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed diagnostic examinations. An artificial intelligence (AI) system that evaluates the images fast and accurately help reducing workflow and management of the patients. An automated assistant may reduce the time of interpretation in daily practice. We aim to investigate whether radiology residents consider the recommendations of an AI system for their final decisions, and to assess the diagnostic performances of the residents and the AI system. Methods: Posteroanterior (PA) chest X-rays with confirmed diagnosis were evaluated by 10 radiology residents. After interpretation, the residents checked the evaluations of the AI Algorithm and made their final decisions. Diagnostic performances of the residents without AI and after checking the AI results were compared. Results: Residents’ diagnostic performance for all radiological findings had a mean sensitivity of 37.9% (vs 39.8% with AI support), a mean specificity of 93.9% (vs 93.9% with AI support). The residents obtained a mean AUC of 0.660 vs 0.669 with AI support. The AI algorithm diagnostic accuracy, measured by the overall mean AUC, was 0.789. No significant difference was detected between decisions taken with and without the support of AI. Conclusion: Although, the AI algorithm diagnostic accuracy were higher than the residents, the radiology residents did not change their final decisions after reviewing AI recommendations. In order to benefit from these tools, the recommendations of the AI system must be more precise to the user. Advances in knowledge: This research provides information about the willingness or resistance of radiologists to work with AI technologies via diagnostic performance tests. It also shows the diagnostic performance of an existing AI algorithm, determined by real-life data.
Factors associated with the intention of telehealth service utilization among Bangladeshi people: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kabir Humayun , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Akter Nahida , Marma U Swai Ching , Alam Tohidul , Tutul Ariful Haque , Biswas Lila , Ara Rawshan , Mitra Dipak Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Background: Telehealth is comprised of telecommunications and electronic information systems to support and maintain long-distance healthcare services. Although it has not been thoroughly explored, the intention of using the service among the general public is critical to its success. We investigated the factors associated with the intention to utilize telehealth services among the general population of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 22, 2021 and June 15, 2021 in Bangladesh, where the total number of participants was 1038. The Pearson chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to examine the unadjusted relationship between the explanatory variables and the intention to use telehealth services. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to determine the adjusted association. Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to check the normality of continuous data. Data were processed and analyzed by software STATA-16. Results: The probability of utilizing the service increased significantly with increasing knowledge, perceived benefit, and predisposition levels among respondents. However, when perceived concern increased, the likelihood of utilizing the service dropped significantly. Age, marital status, educational status, profession, residence, and perceived health status were significantly associated with the participants’ intention to utilize the telehealth service. Conclusions: The influencing aspects of telehealth service utilization should be recognized by the respective authorities. Possible activities to enhance usability among people are also recommended.