bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Ethnicity-Associated Disparity in Antitumor Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Despite Equal Access
Authors: Florez Marcus A. , Kemnade Jan O. , Chen Nan , Du Wendy , Sabichi Anita L. , Wang Daniel Y. , Huang Quillan , Miller-Chism Courtney N. , Jotwani Aparna , Chen Albert C. , Hernandez David , Sandulache Vlad C. 
Published: July 2022

We reviewed response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) of 207 patients with diagnoses of lung or head and neck cancer treated with chemotherapy/ICI combination therapy and ICI monotherapy between 2015 and 2020 at one of three clinical pavilions associated with the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX). Two of these pavilions (Harris Health System and the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center) serve large minority populations and provide equal access to care regardless of means. 174 patients had a diagnosis of lung cancer (non–small cell or small cell) and 33 had a diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). 38% self-identified as Black, 45% as non-Hispanic White, and 18% as Hispanic. The objective response rate (ORR) was similar for patients with lung cancer (35.057%) and HNSCC (30.3%; P = 0.894). The ORR for Hispanic and Black patients was lower compared with non-Hispanic White patients (H 27.0%, B 32.5%, W 38.7%; H vs. W P = 0.209; B vs. W P = 0.398). When considering only patients treated with ICI monotherapy, the ORR for Hispanic patients dropped further to 20.7% while the ORR of Black and non-Hispanic White patients remained about the same (B 29.3% and W 35.9%, H vs. W P = 0.133; B vs. W P = 0.419). Immune-related adverse events were the lowest in the Hispanic population occurring in only 30% of patients compared with 40% of patients in the Black cohort and 50% of the non-Hispanic White cohorts.

Significance:
To our knowledge, this report is the first to compare ICI effectiveness within a diverse patient population with a substantial Black and Hispanic NSCLC and HNSCC patient population treated in the context of equal access to care. The data presented in this article suggests reduced effectiveness of ICI monotherapy in Hispanic patients and thereby underscores the need for improved access and representation of racial/ethnic minority patients in ICI clinical trials.
Watch the interview with Jan O. Kemnade, MD, PhD, and Vlad C. Sandulache, MD, PhD, corecipients of the inaugural Cancer Research Communications Award for Outstanding Journal Article: https://vimeo.com/992993122
First record of Proceratium Roger, 1863, Zasphinctus Wheeler, 1918, and Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Western Ghats of peninsular India, description of three new species, and implications for Indian biogeography
Authors: Kalesh Sadasivan  , Manoj Kripakaran  
Published: July 2022

Three new ant species from the genera Proceratium Roger, 1863, Zasphinctus Wheeler, 1918, and Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865 are described from the Western Ghats of southern India. This is the first report of Proceratium and Zasphinctus from peninsular India and the first record of Vollenhovia from the Western Ghats mountain range proper. Proceratium gibbosum sp. nov. is described from Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala, being the first record of the stictum species group from the Indian subcontinent; it differs from other members of the stictum group by the mesonotum bearing a prominent rounded dorsal hump (tumulus) and petiole devoid of ventral tooth. The first record of the genus Zasphinctus Wheeler, 1918 from the Indian region is also presented here, with a description of a new species. Zasphinctus sahyadriensis sp. nov. differs from all known Afrotropical and Asian Zasphinctus by a combination of characters including clypeal area with single median tooth, occipital margin being regular in outline, and head sculpture sparsely punctate. The occurrence of the genus Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865 is confirmed from peninsular India, with the description of the female castes of Vollenhovia keralensis sp. nov. We provide ecological notes on these new taxa. In addition, separate identification keys based on the worker caste are also presented to Indo-Malayan species of Proceratium, Afrotropical-Indomalayan species of Zasphinctus, and Vollenhovia of the Indian subcontinent. The biogeographical implications of the presence of these three genera are also discussed in relation to plate tectonics of the Indian subcontinent.
Land Speculation by International Financial Capital in Brazil
Authors: Mendonça Maria Luisa , Pitta Fábio Teixeira 
Published: July 2022

The global economic crisis in 2007–2008 intensified the role of financial capital in farmland markets around the world. Speculation in land facilitates the circulation of financial capital in a context of international economic instability. This trend is stimulated by foreign pension funds in search of new assets. The economic crisis generated a change in the profile of agribusiness in Brazil through mergers and joint ventures not only with foreign agricultural corporations but also with financial and oil corporations. As these corporations concentrated their operations, the increase in the prices of their shares in the stock markets facilitated their access to credit for further expansion. This process of crisis accumulation was marked by the overexploitation of labor and predatory control over natural resources. The expansion of monocropping of agricultural commodities increased land prices, causing environmental destruction and the displacement of peasant communities. A crise econômica global em 2007-2008 intensificou o papel do capital financeiro nos mercados de terras agrícolas em todo o mundo. A especulação fundiária facilita a circulação do capital financeiro em um contexto de instabilidade econômica internacional. Essa tendência é estimulada por fundos de pensão estrangeiros em busca de novos ativos. A crise econômica gerou uma mudança no perfil do agronegócio no Brasil por meio de fusões e joint ventures não apenas com empresas agrícolas estrangeiras, mas também com empresas financeiras e petrolíferas. À medida em que essas corporações concentravam suas operações, o aumento das cotações de suas ações nas bolsas de valores facilitou seu acesso a crédito para maior expansão. Esse processo de acumulação e crise foi marcado pela superexploração do trabalho e pelo controle predatório de recursos naturais. A expansão do monocultivo de commodities agrícolas aumentou o preço da terra, causando destruição ambiental e deslocamento de comunidades camponesas.
A Rare Case of Cleft Palate Associated With Tongue Hamartoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Dash Suvashis , Chauhan Shashank , Sennimalai Karthik , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Singhal Maneesh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Palate development involves a genetic regulation through a complex molecular mechanism that may be disrupted by environmental factors, resulting in impaired fusion and cleft palate formation. An encounter with a case of cleft palate due to dorsal tongue hamartoma prompted us to perform this systematic review. Objective To review the clinical profile and management approach for a case with cleft palate and tongue hamartoma. Design A systematic literature search was conducted using keywords related to cleft palate and tongue hamartoma in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Scielo databases through December 2021, with no time or language restrictions. Patients, Participants Studies reporting patients with cleft palate and tongue hamartoma were included. Main outcome measure(s) Information related to clinical profile, diagnostic tests, histopathology, management, and outcomes were extracted. Fourteen relevant publications were identified with 16 cases reported so far. Among them, thirteen patients were females (81.25%), and 3 were males (18.75%). The age of presentation varied from birth to 19 years. Oral-facial-digital syndrome (type II) was the most commonly associated syndrome. Congenital tongue hamartoma with cleft palate is a rare presentation, which can present as an isolated entity or part of a syndrome. Genetic evaluation is warranted, particularly for multiple hamartomatous lesions. The preferred treatment is immediate excision of hamartoma while following a standard timeline for palatoplasty.
The Lnc-RNA APPAT Suppresses Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Interacting With MiR-647 and FGF5 in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Meng Fanming , Han Luyang , Liang Qin , Lu Shanshan , Huang Yanqing , Liu Junwen 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: LncRNA-Atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis-associated transcript ( APPAT) could be detected in circulating blood and has been demonstrated to correlate with the development of atherosclerosis in our previous work. It could be a potential noninvasive biomarker for earlier diagnoses of clinical cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the expression of miR-647 increased in ox-LDL-treated vascular smooth muscle cells and peripheral blood of patients with coronary heart disease. A negative correlation between APPAT and miR-647 was confirmed, and FGF5 was screened as molecular target of miR-647. However, it is largely unclear how APPAT, miR-647, and FGF5 interact and function in disease development. Here, we aim to explore the underlying molecular mechanism in this progression. Materials and Methods: APPAT, miR-647, and FGF5 expression levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; cell proliferation was detected by EdU incorporation assay; cell migration was detected by wound-healing assay; the molecular interaction of APPAT/FGF5 with miR-647 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay; the western blot was performed to determine the gene expression at protein levels; subcellular localizations of APPAT and miR-647 were observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization; cytosolic and nucleus fractionation assay was performed to further detect the distribution of miR-647. Results: APPAT and miR-647 have inverse effects on human aortic smooth muscle cells’ (HASMCs) proliferation and migration. APPAT negatively regulated the cell activity, whereas miR-647 did it in a positive way (p<0.05). Three pairs of molecular interplay were found: mutual negative regulation between APPAT and miR-647, APPAT downregulated FGF5, miR-647 regulation on FGF5 (p<0.05). Subcellular location assay confirmed the molecular interaction of APPAT and miR-647. Conclusions: APPAT could suppress the migration and proliferation of ox-LDL-treated HASMCs via interacting with miR-647 and FGF5. We revealed a nontypical competing endogenous RNA mechanism of long noncoding RNA in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Impact of teriparatide therapy in Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis with regard to DXA-derived parameters
Authors: Sandeep Nandipati Venkata , Joseph Aneez , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas V 
Published: July 2022

Background: There is paucity of literature on the impact of teriparatide on hip geometry and bone microarchitecture globally and none from the Indian subcontinent. This study examined the outcome of teriparatide therapy on vertebral fractures, bone mineral density (BMD), hip structural analysis (HSA), and trabecular bone score (TBS) in Indian postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis. Methodology: Ambulatory postmenopausal women above the age of 50 years with either severe osteoporosis or vertebral fractures, or both, were recruited. All patients received cholecalciferol (2000 IU/day), calcium carbonate (elemental calcium 1 g/day), and teriparatide (20 mcg subcutaneously/day) for 24 months. Baseline bone biochemistry, BMD, TBS, and HSA were assessed and repeated after 24 months of therapy. Incident vertebral and nonvertebral fractures were also studied. Results: A total of 51 postmenopausal women with mean (SD) age of 65.7(8.6) years, and mean (SD) body mass index of 22.7 (3.5) kg/m2 were recruited in this study. Vertebral fractures were present in 74.5% (38/51) at baseline. Following teriparatide therapy, significant improvement was observed in the BMD (g/cm2) at both the lumbar spine (0.706–0.758: p < 0.001) and femoral neck (0.551–0.579: p = 0.047) as well as the TBS (1.160–1.271: p < 0.001). Most indices of proximal hip geometry also showed significant improvement following teriparatide therapy at 24 months. Incident vertebral fractures were noted in only 7.8% (4/51) of participants, while 92% (47/51) of participants did not develop any new vertebral fractures on follow-up. Conclusion: In South Indian postmenopausal women with either severe osteoporosis or vertebral fractures, or both, teriparatide was effective in improving the bone mineral parameters and bone quality.
Association of Serum Phosphate Derangement With Mortality in Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Petnak Tananchai , Qureshi Fawad , Mao Michael A. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: July 2022

Background: There is limited evidence on the association of serum phosphate with mortality in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Objective: To assess the association of serum phosphate with mortality in critically ill patients requiring CRRT for acute kidney injury (AKI). Design: A cohort study. Setting: A tertiary referral hospital in the United States. Patients: Acute kidney injury patients receiving CRRT from 2006 through 2015 in intensive care units. Measurements: (1) Serum phosphate before CRRT and (2) mean serum phosphate during CRRT were categorized into 3 groups; ≤2.4 (hypophosphatemia), 2.5 to 4.5 (normal serum phosphate group), and ≥4.6 (hyperphosphatemia) mg/dL. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between serum phosphate and 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 1108 patients were included in this study. Of these, 55% died within 90 days after CRRT initiation. Before CRRT, 3%, 30%, and 66% had hypophosphatemia, normophosphatemia, and hyperphosphatemia, respectively. Before CRRT, both hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia were significantly associated with higher 90-day mortality with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.03, 4.78]) and 1.62 (95% CI: [1.21, 2.18]), respectively. During CRRT, 3%, 85%, and 12% had mean serum phosphate in hypophosphatemia, normophosphatemia, and hyperphosphatemia range. During CRRT, hyperphosphatemia was significantly associated with higher 90-day mortality with adjusted OR of 2.22 (95% CI: [1.45, 3.38]). Limitations: Single center, observational design, lack of information regarding causes of serum phosphate derangement. Conclusion: Most CRRT patients had hyperphosphatemia before CRRT initiation but maintain normal serum phosphate during CRRT. Before CRRT, hypo- and hyperphosphatemia, and during CRRT, hyperphosphatemia predicted higher mortality. Trial registration: Not registered.
Machine Learning for Predicting Lower Extremity Muscle Strain in National Basketball Association Athletes
Authors: Lu Yining , Pareek Ayoosh , Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie Z. , Forlenza Enrico M. , Patel Bhavik H. , Reinholz Anna K. , Forsythe Brian , Camp Christopher L. 
Published: July 2022

Background: In professional sports, injuries resulting in loss of playing time have serious implications for both the athlete and the organization. Efforts to quantify injury probability utilizing machine learning have been met with renewed interest, and the development of effective models has the potential to supplement the decision-making process of team physicians. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize the epidemiology of time-loss lower extremity muscle strains (LEMSs) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1999 to 2019 and (2) determine the validity of a machine-learning model in predicting injury risk. It was hypothesized that time-loss LEMSs would be infrequent in this cohort and that a machine-learning model would outperform conventional methods in the prediction of injury risk. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Performance data and rates of the 4 major muscle strain injury types (hamstring, quadriceps, calf, and groin) were compiled from the 1999 to 2019 NBA seasons. Injuries included all publicly reported injuries that resulted in lost playing time. Models to predict the occurrence of a LEMS were generated using random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), neural network, support vector machines, elastic net penalized logistic regression, and generalized logistic regression. Performance was compared utilizing discrimination, calibration, decision curve analysis, and the Brier score. Results: A total of 736 LEMSs resulting in lost playing time occurred among 2103 athletes. Important variables for predicting LEMS included previous number of lower extremity injuries; age; recent history of injuries to the ankle, hamstring, or groin; and recent history of concussion as well as 3-point attempt rate and free throw attempt rate. The XGBoost machine achieved the best performance based on discrimination assessed via internal validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.840), calibration, and decision curve analysis. Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms such as XGBoost outperformed logistic regression in the prediction of a LEMS that will result in lost time. Several variables increased the risk of LEMS, including a history of various lower extremity injuries, recent concussion, and total number of previous injuries.
Gist Representations and Decision-Making Processes Affecting Antibiotic Prescribing for Children with Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Marti Deniz , Hamdy Rana F. , Broniatowski David A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To test the predictions of fuzzy-trace theory regarding pediatric clinicians’ decision-making processes and risk perceptions about antibiotics for children with acute otitis media (AOM). Methods. We conducted an online survey experiment administered to a sample of 260 pediatric clinicians. We measured their risk perceptions and prescribing decisions across 3 hypothetical AOM treatment scenarios. Participants were asked to choose among the following options: prescribe antibiotics immediately, watchful waiting (“hedging”), or not prescribing antibiotics. Results. We identified 4 gists based on prior literature: 1) “why not take a risk?” 2) “antibiotics might not help but can hurt,” 3) “antibiotics do not have harmful side effects,” and 4) “antibiotics might have harmful side effects.” All 4 gists predicted risky choice ( P < 0.001), and gist endorsements varied significantly between scenarios when antibiotics were indicated, F(2, 255) = 8.53, P < 0.001; F(2, 255) = 5.14, P < .01; and F(2, 255) = 3.56, P < 0.05 for the first 3 factors, respectively. In a logistic regression, more experienced clinicians were less likely to hedge ( B = −0.05; P < 0.01). Conclusion. As predicted by fuzzy-trace theory, pediatric clinicians’ prescription decisions are associated with gist representations, which are distinct from verbatim risk estimates. Implications. Antibiotic stewardship programs can benefit by communicating the appropriate gists to clinicians who prescribe antibiotics for pediatric patients. Highlights We found clinicians’ antibiotic prescription decisions were driven by gist representations of antibiotic risks for a given hypothetical patient scenario, and clinicians’ gist representations and verbatim risk estimates about antibiotic-related risks were distinct from each other. We showed that the effect of patient scenarios on clinicians’ antibiotic prescription decisions was mediated by clinicians’ gist representations. Less experienced clinicians tend to “hedge” in their antibiotic prescription decisions compared with more experienced clinicians. The broader impact of our study is that antibiotic stewardship programs can benefit by communicating the appropriate gists to clinicians who prescribe antibiotics for pediatric patients, rather than solely focusing on closing potential knowledge deficits of the clinicians.
Parenteral NSAIDs for acute treatment of migraine: Adherence to the IHS guidelines for controlled trials
Authors: Curran John G , Waters John , Yuan Hsiangkuo 
Published: July 2022

Background: Parenteral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important alternatives to oral NSAIDs, especially in patients with severe migraine who have emesis or gastroparesis. With increasing research on using parenteral NSAIDs for acute migraine, it is critical to examine the quality of these studies. Our goal was to assess the adherence of these trials to the International Headache Society (IHS) controlled trial guidelines for acute treatment of migraine. Methods: We queried PubMed for clinical trials investigating parenteral NSAIDs for acute treatment of migraine in adult patients. We developed a 14-point scoring system based on the essential components of the IHS guidelines. To date, four versions of the IHS’s Guidelines for controlled trials of acute treatment of migraine attacks have been published. Each trial was evaluated with the appropriate edition of the guidelines. Results: We identified 216 studies and assessed 27 eligible clinical trials. The mean score was 6.7 ± 2.1 (2–11). Most trials followed the IHS migraine diagnosis criteria (85.2%), but only six (22.2%) selected patients based on the recommended headache frequency. Most trials were randomized (88.8%), but fewer were double-blinded (74.1%) or placebo-controlled (11.1%). Almost every trial clearly explained the pain scale (96.3%), and three-quarters (77.8%) assessed headache-associated symptoms. However, no trial utilized the recommended primary endpoint: pain-freedom at 2-hours. Conclusions: Most clinical trials on parenteral NSAIDs for acute migraine did not fully adhere to the IHS recommendations. Future studies should pay special attention to the IHS guideline to improve the quality of clinical trials for the acute treatment of migraine.