bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome – Tasks and Solutions
Authors: Бездетко П.А. 
Published: February 2022

В офтальмологии можно выявить ряд маркерных заболеваний, которые представляют угрозу не только для зрения, но и для жизни пациента. Одним из таких состояний является глазной ишемический синдром (ГИС). Глазной ишемический синдром – редкое, но угрожающее зрению состояние, связанное с тяжелым окклюзионным заболеванием сонной артерии (стенозом или окклюзией), приводящим к гипоперфузии глаза. В работе представлены данные этиологии, патогенеза глазного ишемического синдрома. Подробно изложена клиническая картина заболевания. Обозначены знаковые точки сотрудничества офтальмологов с нейрохирургами и сосудистыми хирургами. Представлена схема дифференциальной диагностики с диабетической ретинопатией и окклюзией центральной вены сетчатки. Определены задачи офтальмолога в плоскости своевременной диагностики окклюзии сонной артерии. Обсуждены основные современные направления медикаментозного и хирургического лечения глазного ишемического синдрома.
In ophthalmology, a number of marker diseases can be identified that pose a threat not only to vision, but also to the patient’s life. One of these conditions is ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). Ocular ischemic syndrome is a rare but vision-threatening condition associated with severe occlusive disease of the carotid artery (stenosis or occlusion), leading to hypoperfusion of the eye. The paper presents data on the etiology, pathogenesis of ocular ischemic syndrome. The clinical picture of the disease is described in detail. Significant points of cooperation between ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons and vascular surgeons are outlined.The scheme of differential diagnosis with diabetic retinopathy and occlusion of the central retinal vein is presented. The tasks of an ophthalmologist in the plane of timely diagnosis of carotid artery occlusion have been determined. The main modern directions of drug and surgical treatment of eye ischemic syndrome are discussed.
Somatotropin-Producing Pituitary Adenomas: Modern Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment. Literature Review
Authors: Акмырадов С.Т. , Шанько Ю.Г. , Журавлев В.А. 
Published: February 2022

В обзорной статье представлены эпидемиологические данные и характеристики соматотропинпродуцирующих аденом гипофиза. Подробно описаны классификация аденом гипофиза, клинические проявления соматотропинпродуцирующих аденом гипофиза в зависимости от размеров и распространенности опухоли за пределы турецкого седла. Представлены классификация прорастания опухоли в кавернозный синус (по Knosp) и эффект хирургического лечения в зависимости от степени распространения опухоли. Подробно рассмотрены методы комплексного лечения этих новообразований: хирургические – микрохирургическое и эндоскопическое эндоназальное транссфеноидальное удаление аденом гипофиза, медикаментозные – терапия аналогами соматостатина и антагонистами СТГ-рецепторов, и лучевые – стереотаксическая радиотерапия и радиохирургия. Подробно описаны основные факторы, влияющие на прогноз заболевания и достижение клинико-метаболической компенсации. В заключение определены основные направления исследований по проблеме соматотропин-продуцирующих аденом гипофиза.
The review article presents epidemiological data and characteristics of somatotropin-producing pituitary adenomas. The classification of pituitary adenomas, clinical manifestations of somatotropin- producing pituitary adenomas, depending on the size and extent of the tumor beyond the sella turcica, are described in detail. The classification of tumor invasion into the cavernous sinus (according to Knosp) and the effect of surgical treatment depending on the degree of tumor spread are presented. The methods of complex treatment of these neoplasms are considered in detail: surgical – microsurgical method and endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas; medication – therapy with somatostatin analogs and antagonists of STHreceptors; radiation – stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery. The main factors that influence the prognosis of the disease and achievement of clinical and metabolic compensation are described in detail. In conclusion, the main directions of research on the problem of somatotropin-producing pituitary adenomas are determined.
Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ассанович М.А. 
Published: February 2022

Наряду с легкими и другими внутренними органами COVID-19 поражает и центральную нервную систему. Воспалительные реакции, секреция цитокинов в головном мозге вызывают у большинства пациентов тревожные и депрессивные симптомы, нарушения сна. Психические расстройства связаны и с психосоциальными факторами пандемии. Для купирования психопатологических симптомов при COVID-19 часто используются антидепрессанты из группы селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина. Среди них особое место занимает флувоксамин. Флувоксамин помимо антидепрессивных и противотревожных эффектов проявляет четкие противовоспалительные свойства, которые реализуются посредством двух механизмов. Флувоксамин существенно повышает уровень ночного мелатонина в плазме крови. Мелатонин оказывает противовоспалительное, антиоксидантное и нормализующее хронобиологическое действие. Второй механизм связан с тем, что флувоксамин в терапевтических дозировках активирует сигма-1 рецепторы, что предупреждает секрецию цитокинов и развитие эндоплазматического стресса. Пациенты с COVID-19, принимавшие флувоксамин, не отмечали клинических осложнений коронавирусной инфекции.
COVID-19 affects central nervous system along with lungs and other internal organs. Inflammatory reactions, secretion of cytokines in brain cause anxiety and depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances in most patients. Mental disorders are also associated with psychosocial factors of the pandemic. SSRI antidepressants are often used to relieve psychopathological symptoms in COVID-19. Among them, fluvoxamine occupies a special place. Fluvoxamine, in addition to antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, exhibits clear anti-inflammatory properties, which are realized through two mechanisms. Fluvoxamine significantly increases the level of nocturnal melatonin in blood plasma. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and chronobiological normalizing effects. The second mechanism is associated with the fact that fluvoxamine in therapeutic dosages activates sigma-1 receptors, which prevents secretion of cytokines and development of endoplasmic stress. Patients with COVID-19 taking fluvoxamine did not report clinical complications of coronavirus infection.
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of the Herb Epilobium Angustifolium L.
Authors: Шевчук С.В. , Адамович Т.Г. 
Published: February 2022

Целью работы явилось изучение антимикробной и противогрибковой активности экстрактов травы кипрея узколистного, полученных при использовании водных и водно-спиртовых растворителей, с определением содержания суммы фенольных соединений спектрофотометрическим методом. Исследование выполняли с использованием метода диффузии в агар. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что антимикробная активность экстрактов из травы кипрея узколистного в отношении штаммов бактерий Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica и Staphylococcus aureus прямо пропорциональна содержанию в них полифенольных соединений: наиболее выражена антимикробная активность у извлечения с наибольшим содержанием суммы фенольных соединений. Наиболее выраженная активность выявлена у экстракта, полученного при использовании 50%-ного спирта этилового, в отношении штамма золотистого стафилококка (зона задержки роста бактерий составила 19,00±0,08 мм), наименее выраженная – в отношении штамма сальмонелл (зона задержки роста бактерий составила 13,00±1,39 мм). Candida albicans проявила среднюю степень чувствительности в отношении извлечений, полученных с использованием 50% и 70%-ного спирта этилового, диаметры зон задержки роста составили 14,00±0,8 мм и 14,25±0,94 мм соответственно. В отношении отвара травы кипрея узколистного была проявлена более высокая степень чувствительности: диаметр зоны задержки роста составил 16,25±0,94 мм.
The aim of the work was to study the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the extracts of the herb Epilobium angustifolium L., obtained using aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solvents, with the determinationofthecontentofthesumofphenoliccompoundswiththehelpofspectrophotometric method. The study was carried out using the agar diffusion method. As a result of the studies, it was found that the antimicrobial activity of the extracts from the herb Epilobium angustifolium L. against bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus is directly proportional to the content of polyphenolic compounds in them:the most pronounced antimicrobial activity is in the extraction with the highest content of the sum of phenolic compounds. The most pronounced activity was found in the extract obtained using 50% ethyl alcohol in relation to the Staphylococcus aureus strain (the zone of bacterial growth inhibition was 19.00±0.8 mm), the least pronounced – in relation to the Salmonella strain (the zone of bacterial growth inhibition was 13.00±1.39 mm). Candida albicans showed the average degree of sensitivity with respect to the extracts obtained using 50% and 70% ethyl alcohol; the diameters of growth inhibition zones were 14.00±0.8 mm and 14.25±0.94 mm, respectively. In relation to the decoction (1:10) of the herb Epilobium angustifolium L., a higher degree of sensitivity was showed: the diameter of the growth inhibition zone was 16.25±0.94 mm.
Characteristics of Immunomorphological and Electron Microscopic Changes in the Material of Puncture Nephrobiopsy in Children of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Сукало А.В. , Козыро И.А. , Тур Н.И. , Асташонок А.Н. , Полещук Н.Н. , Савош В.В. , Летковская Т.А. 
Published: February 2022

Цель. Провести гистологический, иммуногистохимический и электронно-микроскопический анализ пункционных нефробиоптатов и выявить маркеры нарушения функции почки у детей с гломерулопатиями различного генеза.Материалы и методы. Клинико-инструментальное обследование пациентов выполнено в нефрологическом отделении УЗ «2-я городская детская клиническая больница» г. Минска. Дополнительно проведен иммуноморфологический и электронно-микроскопический анализ нефробиоптатов, полученных за период с января 2018 по июнь 2020 года от 66 детей (возраст – 1–17 лет) с различными гломерулярными заболеваниями.Результаты. Определены патогномоничные маркеры повреждения ренальной ткани и дана оценка выраженности изменений клубочков и тубулоинтерстициального компонента почек. Проанализирован иммуногистохимический уровень экспрессии иммуноглобулинов классов A, M и G, C3 и C1q фракций комплемента, α3 и α5 субъединицам коллагена IV типа. Использование электронной микроскопии позволило определить основные ультраструктурные паттерны повреждения клубочков почки. Детализирован патоморфоз мезангиального матрикса, гломерулярной базальной мембраны, подоцитов при различных нозологических формах почечной патологии.Заключение. Полученные результаты актуальны для прогноза течения заболевания, темпов прогрессирования деструктивных процессов в паренхиме почки и коррекции тактики этиопатогенетической терапии.
Purpose. To conduct histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis of renal biopsy and to identify the markers of renal dysfunction in children with various glomerulopathies. Materials and methods. Clinical and instrumental examination of patients was carried out at the nephrology department of the 2nd City Children’s hospital (Minsk, Belarus). In addition, immunomorphological and electron microscopic analysis of the nephrobiopsy samples, obtained from January 2018 to June 2020 from 66 children (aged 1–17 years) with various glomerular diseases, was performed.Results. Pathognomonic markers of renal tissue changes were determined and the severity of changes in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitial component of the kidneys was assessed. There was analyzed the immunohistochemical level of expression of the immunoglobulins of the classes A, M and G, C3, C1q complement fractions, α3 and α5 subunits of the type IV collagen. Electron microscopy let to determine the main ultrastructural patterns of damage in kidney glomeruli. The mesangial matrix pathomorphosis, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes in various nosological forms of renal pathology were detailed.Conclusion. The obtained results are relevant for the prognosis of the course of disease, the rate of progression of destructive processes in the renal parenchyma, and correction of the tactics of etiopathogenetic therapy.
DIAGNOSIS OF E.COLI ISOLATED FROM ARTHRITIS IN CHICKENS BY VITEK AND MOLECULAR METHODS
Authors: Hameed S. S. , Ulaiwi A. H. , Hamad S. M. 
Published: February 2022

This study was aimed to identify and confirm of E.coli isolated from arthritis in chickens. Samples for the isolation of the bacteria were taken from broiler chickens with arthritis symptoms (swelling hock joint), and then examined by culturing, VITEK test as well as molecular assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolate was done. The results showed pink colour colonies on MacConkey agar. The VITEK system was used to identify those colonies. The results revealed that the isolate gave 97 % parallel to those features of E. coli equally recognized by the standard gram negative card. The isolate was found to be sensitive to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and many others antibiotics and resistance to ticarcillin as well as for other types of antibiotics .The results of the 16Sr RNA gene revealed that E.coli primers of the16S rRNA gene had successfully targeted the respective gene and have shown the single bands of the16S RNA gene at 1500 bp. Sequencing of this gene was performed for the isolate. The results of nucleotide sequencing were submitted in Gene bank database and have accession number: ID: MT012194.1. The phylogenetic analysis Of the isolate was 100% similar to USA:CP048605, Pakistan:GU594300, VitNamHatey: AP022650 and China:MN208222, however, it was 99% similar to India:LCO58573.
The Density of Fan-Planar Graphs
Authors: Kaufmann Michael , Ueckerdt Torsten 
Published: February 2022

A topological drawing of a graph is fan-planar if for each edge $e$ the edges crossing $e$ form a star and no endpoint of $e$ is enclosed by $e$ and its crossing edges. A fan-planar graph is a graph admitting such a drawing. Equivalently, this can be formulated by three forbidden patterns, one of which is the configuration where $e$ is crossed by two independent edges and the other two where $e$ is crossed by two incident edges in a way that encloses some endpoint of $e$. A topological drawing is simple if any two edges have at most one point in common.
Fan-planar graphs are a new member in the ever-growing list of topological graphs defined by forbidden intersection patterns, such as planar graphs and their generalizations, Turán-graphs and Conway's thrackle conjecture. Hence fan-planar graphs fall into an important field in combinatorial geometry with applications in various areas of discrete mathematics.
As every $1$-planar graph is fan-planar and every fan-planar graph is $3$-quasiplanar, they also fit perfectly in a recent series of works on nearly-planar graphs from the areas of graph drawing and combinatorial embeddings.
In this paper we show that every fan-planar graph on $n$ vertices has at most $5n-10$ edges, even though a fan-planar drawing may have a quadratic number of crossings. Our bound, which is tight for every $n \geq 20$, indicates how nicely fan-planar graphs fit in the row with planar graphs ($3n-6$ edges) and $1$-planar graphs ($4n-8$ edges). With this, fan-planar graphs form an inclusion-wise largest non-trivial class of topological graphs defined by forbidden patterns, for which the maximum number of edges on $n$ vertices is known exactly.
We demonstrate that maximum fan-planar graphs carry a rich structure, which makes this class attractive for many algorithms commonly used in graph drawing. Finally, we discuss possible extensions and generalizations of these new concepts.
Bohr Neighborhoods in Generalized Difference Sets
Authors: Griesmer John T. 
Published: February 2022

If $A$ is a set of integers having positive upper Banach density and $r,s,t$ are nonzero integers whose sum is zero, a theorem of Bergelson and Ruzsa says that the set $rA+sA+tA:=\{ra_1+sa_2+ta_3:a_i\in A\}$ contains a Bohr neighborhood of zero. We prove a natural generalization of this result for subsets of countable abelian groups and more summands.
Pengaruh Metode Tanya Jawab Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlaq Kelas IV Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 06 Brondong Lamongan
Authors: Maftuhah Maftuhah 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the application of the question and answer method and how it affects student achievement in the fourth grade Akidah Akhlaq subjects at MI Muhammadiyah 06 Brondong Lamongan. This research uses descriptive quantitative research. The subjects in this study were 50 students. By using the instrument in the research is a questionnaire, observation and documentation.
The results showed that the value of the coefficient of r arithmetic on r table with the number of N = 50 for a significant level of 0.279 or 5%, then r count = 9.440 > r table = 0.279 and for a significant level of 0.361 or 1% then r count = 9.440 > r table = 0.361 thus r count is greater than r table. Then it can be said that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.
The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 3: Age-abundance Patterns in C1–C8 and C10–C18
Authors: Zinn Joel C. , Stello Dennis , Elsworth Yvonne , García Rafael A. , Kallinger Thomas , Mathur Savita , Mosser Benoît , Hon Marc , Bugnet Lisa , Jones Caitlin , Reyes Claudia , Sharma Sanjib , Schönrich Ralph , Warfield Jack T. , Luger Rodrigo , Vanderburg Andrew , Kobayashi Chiaki , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Huber Daniel , Buder Sven , Joyce Meridith , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Casagrande Luca , Lewis Geraint F. , Miglio Andrea , Nordlander Thomas , Davies Guy R. , Silva Gayandhi De , Chaplin William J. , Silva Aguirre Victor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the third and final data release of the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program (K2 GAP) for Campaigns C1–C8 and C10–C18. We provide asteroseismic radius and mass coefficients, κ

R
and κ

M
, for ∼19,000 red giant stars, which translate directly to radius and mass given a temperature. As such, K2 GAP DR3 represents the largest asteroseismic sample in the literature to date. K2 GAP DR3 stellar parameters are calibrated to be on an absolute parallactic scale based on Gaia DR2, with red giant branch and red clump evolutionary state classifications provided via a machine-learning approach. Combining these stellar parameters with GALAH DR3 spectroscopy, we determine asteroseismic ages with precisions of ∼20%–30% and compare age-abundance relations to Galactic chemical evolution models among both low- and high-α populations for α, light, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We confirm recent indications in the literature of both increased Ba production at late Galactic times as well as significant contributions to r-process enrichment from prompt sources associated with, e.g., core-collapse supernovae. With an eye toward other Galactic archeology applications, we characterize K2 GAP DR3 uncertainties and completeness using injection tests, suggesting that K2 GAP DR3 is largely unbiased in mass/age, with uncertainties of 2.9% (stat.) ± 0.1% (syst.) and 6.7% (stat.) ± 0.3% (syst.) in κ

R
and κ

M
for red giant branch stars and 4.7% (stat.) ± 0.3% (syst.) and 11% (stat.) ± 0.9% (syst.) for red clump stars. We also identify percent-level asteroseismic systematics, which are likely related to the time baseline of the underlying data, and which therefore should be considered in TESS asteroseismic analysis.
Electron Rolling-pin Distribution Inside Magnetic Hole
Authors: Yu Y. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Liu Y. Y. , Wang Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetic holes (MHs), characterized by depressions in the magnetic field magnitude, are transient magnetic structures ubiquitous in space plasmas. The electron pitch-angle distribution inside the MHs is key to diagnosing the MH properties and has been suggested to mainly exhibit a pancake-type distribution showing pitch angles near 90°. Here, we present the first observation of electron rolling-pin distribution—showing electron pitch angles mainly at 0°, 90°, and 180°—within an electron-scale MH, by using Magnetospheric Multiscale mission high-resolution measurements. With a second-order Taylor expansion method, the magnetic field topology of the MH is reconstructed, and the characteristics of the rolling-pin distribution inside the MH are investigated. We find that the rolling-pin distribution primarily appears near the MH center and at energies ranging from 110 to 1200 eV. We interpret the rolling-pin formation as a consequence of the combination of local-scale electron trapping and global-scale Fermi acceleration. These results can improve current understanding of electron dynamics in the MHs.
Dust Extinction Law in Nearby Star-resolved Galaxies. I. M31 Traced by Supergiants
Authors: Wang 王 Yuxi 钰溪 , Gao 高 Jian 健 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dust extinction laws and dust properties in M31 are explored with a sample of reddened O-type and B-type supergiants obtained from the Local Group Galaxies Survey (LGGS). The observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for each tracer are constructed with multiband photometry from the LGGS, PS1 Survey, UKIRT, PHAT Survey, Swift/UVOT, and XMM-SUSS. We model the SED for each tracer in combination with the intrinsic spectrum obtained from the stellar model atmosphere extinguished by the model extinction curves. Instead of mathematically parameterizing the extinction functions, the model extinction curves in this work are directly derived from the silicate–graphite dust model with a dust size distribution of

dn

/

da
∼

a

−
α

exp
(
−
a

/

0.25
)
,

0.005
<
a
<
5

μ
m

. The extinction tracers are distributed along the arms in M31, with the derived Milky Way (MW)–type extinction curves covering a wide range of R

V
(≈ 2–6), indicating the complexity of the interstellar environment and the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar dust in M31. The average extinction curve with R

V
≈ 3.51 and dust size distribution

dn

/

da
∼

a

−
3.35

exp
(
−
a

/

0.25
)

is similar to that of the MW but rises slightly less steeply in the far-UV bands, implying that the overall interstellar environment in M31 resembles the diffuse region in the MW. The extinction in the V band of M31 is up to 3 mag, with a median value of A

V
≈ 1 mag. The multiband extinction values from the UV to IR bands are also predicted for M31, which will provide a general extinction correction for future works.