bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wire, hybrid, and laser-cut X-pinches as Talbot–Lau backlighters for electron density diagnostics
Authors: Valdivia M P , Collins IV G W , Conti F , Beg F N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Talbot–Lau x-ray deflectometry (TXD) enables refraction-based imaging for high-energy-density physics experiments, and thus, it has been studied and developed with the goal of diagnosing plasmas relevant to inertial confinement and magnetic liner inertial fusion. X-pinches, known for reliably generating fast (∼1 ns), small (∼1 µm) x-ray sources, were driven on the compact current driver generator for ablation structure and implosion studies (∼200 kA, 150 ns) as a potential backlighter source for TXD. Considering that different X-pinch configurations have characteristic advantages and drawbacks as x-ray generating loads, three distinct copper X-pinch configurations were studied: the wire X-pinch, the hybrid X-pinch, and the laser-cut X-pinch. The Cu K-shell emission from each configuration was characterized and analyzed regarding the specific backlighter requirements for an 8 keV TXD system: spatial and temporal resolution, number of sources, time of emission, spectrum, and reproducibility. Recommendations for future experimental improvements and applications are presented. The electron density of static objects was retrieved from Moiré images obtained through TXD. This allowed to calculate the mass density of static samples within 4% of the expected value for laser-cut X-pinches, which were found to be the optimal X-pinch configuration for TXD due to their high reproducibility, small source size (⩽5 µm), short duration (∼1 ns), and up to 106 W peak power near 8 keV photon energy. Plasma loads were imaged through TXD for the first-time using laser-cut X-pinch backlighting. Experimental images were compared with simulations from the x-ray wave-front propagation code, demonstrating that TXD can be a powerful x-ray refraction-based diagnostic for dense Z-pinch loads. Future plans for Talbot–Lau interferometry diagnostics in the pulsed-power environment are described.
Fast-electron maintaining a high shock-ignition gain with a significant decrease in the laser pulse energy
Authors: Gus’kov S Yu , Demchenko N N , Dmitriev E O , Kuchugov P A , Vergunova G A , Yakhin R A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of energy transfer by laser-accelerated fast electrons on thermonuclear gain of a shock-ignited ICF target at different powers and durations of the high-intensity part of the laser pulse (spike) responsible for igniting shock wave generation has been investigated on the basis of hydro-kinetic numerical simulations. The key result of these studies is that the fast-electron energy transfer is able to provide a great contribution to igniting shock wave pressure to maintain a high thermonuclear gain with a significant decrease in the energy of the igniting part of the laser pulse. Calculations were performed for the 2nd harmonic Nd-laser pulse in order to justify shock-ignition experiments at the Megajoule-class facility, which is currently under construction in Russia. Spike energy conversion to fast electron energy and its temperature were selected in the ranges, which are discussed in the literature. It has been found that fast electrons with a temperature of 50–70 keV, whose energy contains 20%–40% of spike energy, make such a large contribution to the pressure of the igniting shock wave that the gain factor retains its value of 70–80 with spike energy decrease by 1.5–2 times.
Ion energy distribution and non-linear ion dynamics in BP-HiPIMS and ACBP-HiPIMS discharge
Authors: Han Mingyue , Luo Yang , Li Liuhe , Li Hua , Xu Ye , Luo Sida 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Investigating the ion dynamics in the emerging bipolar pulse high power impulse magnetron sputtering (BP-HiPIMS) discharge is necessary and important for broadening its industrial applications. Recently, an optimized plasma source operating the BP-HiPIMS with an auxiliary anode and a solenoidal coil is proposed to enhance the plasma flux and energy, named as ACBP-HiPIMS (‘A’-anode, ‘C’-coil). In the present work, the temporal evolutions of the ion velocity distribution functions (IVDF) in BP-HiPIMS and ACBP-HiPIMS discharges are measured using a retarding field energy analyser (RFEA). For the BP-HiPIMS discharge, operated at various positive pulse voltages U
+, the temporal evolutions of IVDFs illustrate that there are two high-energy peaks, E
1 and E
2, which are both lower than the applied U
+. The ratio of the mean ion energy E
i,mean to the applied U
+ is around 0.55–0.6 at various U
+. In ACBP-HiPIMS discharge, the IVDF evolution shows three distinguishable stages which has the similar evolution trend with the floating potential V
f on the RFEA frontplate: (i) the stable stage with two high-energy peaks (E
2 and E
3 with energy respectively lower and higher than the applied U
+ amplitude) when the floating potential V
f is close to the applied positive pulse voltage; (ii) the transition stage with low-energy populations when the V
f drops by ∼20 V within ∼10 μs; and (iii) the oscillation stage with alternating E
2 and E
3 populations and ever-present E
1 population when the V
f slightly decreases until to the end of positive pulse. The comparison of IVDFs in BP-HiPIMS and ACBP-HiPIMS suggests that both the mean ion energy and high-energy ion flux have been effectively improved in ACBP-HiPIMS discharge. The formation of floating potential drop is explored using the Langmuir probe which may be attributed to the establishment of anode double layer structure. The acceleration of ion at the double layer boundary is analysed using a theoretical model, in this way to clarify the oscillation in IVDF evolutions in ACBP-HiPIMS discharge.
Atom manufacturing of photocatalyst towards solar CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Shi Rui , Lu Siyu , Zhang Kan , Zhang Tierui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is believed to be a promising remedy to simultaneously lessen CO2 emission and obtain high value-added products, but suffers from the thwarted activity of photocatalyst and poor selectivity of product. Over the past decade, aided by the significant advances in nanotechnology, the atom manufacturing of photocatalyst, including vacancies, dopants, single-atom catalysts, strains, have emerged as efficient approaches to precisely mediate the reaction intermediates and processes, which push forward in the rapid development of highly efficient and selective photocatalytic CO2RR. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in highly efficient and/or selective photocatalysts toward CO2RR with the special focus on various atom manufacturing. The mechanisms of these atom manufacturing from active sites creation, light absorbability, and electronic structure modulation are comprehensively and scientifically discussed. In addition, we attempt to establish the structure–activity relationship between active sites and photocatalytic CO2RR capability by integrating theoretical simulations and experimental results, which will be helpful for insights into mechanism pathways of CO2RR over defective photocatalysts. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects in this field to improve the photocatalytic CO2RR performances are proposed, which can shed some light on designing more potential photocatalysts through atomic regulations toward CO2 conversion.
3D intra-cellular wave dynamics in a phononic plate with ultra-wide bandgap: attenuation, resonance and mode conversion
Authors: Hedayatrasa Saeid , Kersemans Mathias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The intra-cellular wave dynamics of a water jetted phononic plate are experimentally investigated by means of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. The study is focused on the vibrational behavior around the ultra-wide bandgap of the plate (with a relative bandgap width of 0.89), as the critical frequency range of its phononic functionality. Broadband vibrational excitations are applied using a piezoelectric transducer and both in-plane and out-of-plane operational deflection shapes of the unit-cells are analyzed with respect to mode shapes calculated by finite element (FE) simulation. Attenuation and resonance of both symmetric and antisymmetric wave modes are validated, and it is shown that despite the absence of in-plane wave energy actuation, the symmetric modes are effectively excited in the phononic lattice, due to mode conversion from co-existing antisymmetric modes. Supported by FE modal analysis, this mode conversion observation is explained by the slight through-the-thickness asymmetry introduced during manufacturing of the phononic plate which leads to coupling of modes with different symmetry. The results confirm the potential of such detailed 3D inspection of phononic crystals (and in general acoustic metamaterials) in gaining full insight about their intracellular dynamics, which can also illuminate discrepancies with respect to idealized numerical models that might be due to manufacturing imperfections.
Electromagneto-mechanical model of high temperature superconductor insert magnets in ultra high magnetic fields
Authors: Trillaud Frederic , Berrospe-Juarez Edgar , Zermeño Víctor M R , Grilli Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Second-generation high-temperature superconducting (2G HTS) tapes are considered to be the main candidates for the development of future ultra-high DC magnetic field magnets. In such applications, the usability of the HTS magnets can be strongly impaired by large screening currents developed in the flat strip of the tapes. These currents lead to the generation of a screening current-induced field (SCIF) that can deteriorate the performance by affecting the stability and the homogeneity of the magnetic field. Besides the SCIF, there is also the likely mechanical degradation of the tapes under the action of large Lorentz forces. The mechanical degradation and the presence of large screening currents intertwine to affect the reliable operation of 2G HTS magnets. To study the combined issues, an electromagneto-mechanical model based on tensile mechanical characterization of short samples was built to simulate the coupled electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of insert magnets made of 2G HTS tapes under very high magnetic field. The coupling is carried out by considering the dependence of the n index and the critical current density

J

c

on the local relative deformation in addition to the magnetic flux density. The case study is the Little Big Coil (LBC, version 3) which broke the world record of the strongest continuous magnetic field achieved to this date. An analysis of the electromagneto-mechanical behavior of the LBC is conducted on the basis of information extracted from the literature to show that the proposed model can assess the current magnitude at which the insert magnet quenched. Additionally, it is shown that the model can also provide some insights on the impact of the mechanical degradation of the tape on the SCIF hysteresis loop. The studies are conducted on the original LBC and on versions that include additional modifications such as harnessing and co-winding with rigid metallic tapes. These modifications are employed to limit the mechanical degradation of the HTS insert magnet under ultra-high magnetic field. They are expected to deliver an extra safety margin to 2G HTS insert magnets.
Efficiency increasing of the bidirectional teleportation protocol via weak and reversal measurements
Authors: Seida C , El Allati A , Metwally N , Hassouni Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this suggested version of the bidirectional teleportation protocol, it is assumed that the used quantum channel passes through an amplitude damping channel. Therefore, some of its quantum correlations (entanglement) are lost and, consequently, its efficiency to implement this protocol decreases. The weak and the reversal measurements are used to recover the losses of these correlations, where the negativity, as a measure of entanglement is improved. In this context, we discussed the effect of the noisy strength on the fidelities of the bidirectional teleported states between the users. It is shown that, by applying the weak and the reversal measurements (WRM) on the initial quantum channel between the users, the fidelities of the teleported states are improved. Moreover, we showed that, the upper bounds of the teleported states depend on the initial states of the triggers and the strengths of WRM. It is worth noting that the WRM improves the quantum correlations of the shared channel and, hence, the fidelity of the teleported state if the initial fidelity of the teleported state is larger than 0.5.
Charge radii of potassium isotopes in the RMF (BCS)* approach *
Authors: An Rong , Zhang Shi-Sheng , Geng Li-Sheng , Zhang Feng-Shou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We apply the recently proposed RMF (BCS)* ansatz to study the charge radii of the potassium isotopic chain up to 52K. It is shown that the experimental data can be reproduced rather well, qualitatively similar to the Fayans nuclear density functional theory, but with a slightly better description of the odd–even staggerings (OES). Nonetheless, both methods fail for 50K and to a lesser extent for 48,52K. It is shown that if these nuclei are deformed with a

, then one can obtain results consistent with experiments for both charge radii and spin-parities. We argue that beyond-mean-field studies are needed to properly describe the charge radii of these three nuclei, particularly for 50K.
Strength-frequency curve for micromagnetic neurostimulation through excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on rat hippocampal neurons and numerical modeling of magnetic microcoil (μcoil)
Authors: Saha Renata , Faramarzi Sadegh , Bloom Robert P , Benally Onri J , Wu Kai , di Girolamo Arturo , Tonini Denis , Keirstead Susan A , Low Walter C , Netoff Theoden I , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) on hippocampal neurons, by using single microcoil (μcoil) prototype, magnetic pen (MagPen). MagPen will be used to stimulate the CA3 region magnetically and excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) response measurements will be made from the CA1 region. The threshold for micromagnetic neurostimulation as a function of stimulation frequency of the current driving the µcoil will be demonstrated. Finally, the optimal stimulation frequency of the current driving the μcoil to minimize power will be estimated. Approach. A biocompatible, watertight, non-corrosive prototype, MagPen was built, and customized such that it is easy to adjust the orientation of the μcoil and its distance over the hippocampal tissue in an in vitro recording setting. Finite element modeling of the μcoil design was performed to estimate the spatial profiles of the magnetic flux density (in T) and the induced electric fields (in V m−1). The induced electric field profiles generated at different values of current applied to the µcoil can elicit a neuronal response, which was validated by numerical modeling. The modeling settings for the μcoil were replicated in experiments on rat hippocampal neurons. Main results. The preferred orientation of MagPen over the Schaffer Collateral fibers was demonstrated such that they elicit a neuron response. The recorded EPSPs from CA1 region due to μMS at CA3 region were validated by applying tetrodotoxin (TTX). Application of TTX to the hippocampal slice blocked the EPSPs from μMS while after prolonged TTX washout, a partial recovery of the EPSP from μMS was observed. Finally, it was interpreted through numerical analysis that increasing frequency of the current driving the μcoil, led to a decrease in the current amplitude threshold for micromagnetic neurostimulation. Significance. This work reports that micromagnetic neurostimulation can be used to evoke population EPSP responses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. It demonstrates the strength-frequency curve for µMS and its unique features related to orientation dependence of the µcoils, spatial selectivity and stimulation threshold related to distance dependence. Finally, the challenges related to µMS experiments were studied including ways to overcome them.
The working process of the device for combined massage of the udder of heifers
Authors: Zimnyakov V M , Kurochkin A A , Frolov D I , Kukharev O N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the concept of a unified approach to the development of pneumomechanical massage devices and milking machines. The practical implementation of this approach is considered. An improved pneumomechanical massage device is proposed. The main function is assigned to reduced pressure (vacuum) when performing technological operations of udder massage. The mechanical component of the device fulfils auxiliary function. The presence of an independent element in the suggested structural scheme of the device for the combined massage of heifers’ udders is substantiated. The change of pressure is fulfilled by a principle of counter-phase in a massage bell. This technical solution allows to increase efficiency of unloading cycle and to provide full restoration of blood circulation in the udder of an animal. The analysis of working process of the massage devices is carried out. An analysis of pressure changes in massage devices was made, a diagram of pressure changes in a massage bell and in a massage element of the device is drawn. The proposed design will eliminate the disadvantages of the device for pneumatic massage of the udder of heifers. The device allows regulation of pneumatic massage parameters for massage bell and massage element in limits of 20-25 and 40-48 kPa respectively.
Theoretical justification of the optimal parameters of the copying crop lifter of the combine harvester header
Authors: Kukhmazov K Z , Yashin A V , Petrova E V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article describes the efficient copying crop lifter of a combine header, which allows to significantly reduce grain losses during harvesting lodged crops. The article deals with mounting, adjustment of the proposed copying crop lifter and a method of experimental research to substantiate the optimal design and operating parameters of this device. The results of field experiment based on the method of a multifactorial experiment proved that the smallest grain losses are provided at the combine speed υ = 1.5 … 1.9 m/s, the thickness of the retainer plate h = 2.8 … 3.1 mm and the length base of the copying crop lifter l = 405 … 450 mm.
The main directions for ensuring the environmental component of the region’s economic security
Authors: Stolyarova O A , Shatova A V , Reshetkina Yu V , Ulanova O I , Sologub N N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In modern conditions the issue of ensuring the economic security of the region and the country as a whole is relevant, as the political, economic and socio-cultural development of the Russian Federation, its stability, independence and ability to constantly renew itself depend on it. The well-being and prosperity of the country and its subjects depend on the applied management tools and methods. In order to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to provide its constituent entities with the opportunity to manage labour, financial, natural, material and other resources at the regional level. The timely management of these resources will make it possible to form a set of economic, technical, legal and environmental measures that contribute to the development of the region. The article considers the last element, connected with providing the ecological component of the region’s economic security. Environmental security is one of the main components of economic security as it reflects the state of the environment and expenditures related to it, namely expenditures of air protection, wastewater collection and purification, land protection and reclamation, etc. One of the main priority directions of the sustainable development strategy of the country is rational use of natural resources and environmental protection, creation of a healthy environment for people, conditions for their cultural, moral and spiritual improvement. Ecologization of the economy should include the system of measures aimed to coordinate the actions of industrial and economic activity in the existing natural-resource conditions which will provide the economic security of the region. The article proposes the directions for providing the ecological component of the region’s economic security.
Single disc coulter with gauge wheel for pneumatic seed drill
Authors: Shumaev V V , Ovtov V A , Kalabushev A N , Papchev M A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The production of competitive, ecological agricultural products by agricultural producers in modern conditions is impossible without the modern equipment that provides a combination of technological operations in sowing and fertilizing. As a result of an analytical review of modern coulter designs used in modern seed devices for sowing, planting seeds of grain crops and granules of mineral fertilizers during their application, it was found that the most efficient single disc coulters with press wheels used as gauge-wheels, which ensure high-quality grain crops sowing. The design of the coulter with a gauge wheel of the pneumatic seeder has been developed and its design parameters have been determined. The conducted laboratory field tests of a pneumatic seeder equipped with experimental coulters with a gauge wheel made it possible to determine its optimal design parameters: coulter disc diameter 0.4 m, diameter and width of the copying wheel - 0.27 m and 0.04 m, taking into account the standard deviation of the distribution of seeds at the depth of planting.
Biodiversity of melliferous plants of the Surkhandarya region and assessment of their use
Authors: Atamuratova N T , Mukhamatzanova R , Latypova E A , Nevitov M N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A detailed study of the species composition, nectar productivity and honey productivity of the wild-growing melliferous flora of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan has been carried out. It was found that the majority of melliferous species grow in the adyr zone - 231 species and in mountainous areas - 280 species. The melliferous plants of the studied region are secondary melliferous plants, thus providing additional takings and contributing to the development of bee colonies. New melliferous plant species with a high sugar content in nectar (from 1.4 to 243 mg in 100 flowers) have been identified. Species of the genus Onosma were found to be highly nectariferous. The average amount of nectar secreted by 100 flowers of plants of this genus ranges from 100 to 243 mg.