bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing‐supported mapping of the activity of a subterranean landscape engineer across an afro‐alpine ecosystem
Authors: Wraase Luise , Reuber Victoria M. , Kurth Philipp , Fekadu Mekbib , Demissew Sebsebe , Miehe Georg , Opgenoorth Lars , Selig Ulrike , Woldu Zerihun , Zeuss Dirk , Schabo Dana G. , Farwig Nina , Nauss Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubterranean animals act as ecosystem engineers, for example, through soil perturbation and herbivory, shaping their environments worldwide. As the occurrence of animals is often linked to above‐ground features such as plant species composition or landscape textures, satellite‐based remote sensing approaches can be used to predict the distribution of subterranean species. Here, we combine in‐situ collected vegetation composition data with remotely sensed data to improve the prediction of a subterranean species across a large spatial scale. We compared three machine learning‐based modeling strategies, including field and satellite‐based remote sensing data to different extents, in order to predict the distribution of the subterranean giant root‐rat GRR, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, an endangered rodent species endemic to the Bale Mountains in southeast Ethiopia. We included no, some and extensive fieldwork data in the modeling to test how these data improved prediction quality. We found prediction quality to be particularly dependent on the spatial coverage of the training data. Species distributions were best predicted by using texture metrics and eyeball‐selected data points of landscape marks created by the GRR. Vegetation composition as a predictor showed the lowest contribution to model performance and lacked spatial accuracy. Our results suggest that the time‐consuming collection of vegetation data in the field is not necessarily required for the prediction of subterranean species that leave traceable above‐ground landscape marks like the GRR. Instead, remotely sensed and spatially eyeball‐selected presence data of subterranean species could profoundly enhance predictions. The usage of remote sensing‐derived texture metrics has great potential for improving the distribution modeling of subterranean species, especially in arid ecosystems.
Incorporating equity, diversity, and inclusion in science: Lessons learned from an undergraduate seminar
Authors: Ramachandran Aishwarya , Mouat Isobel C. , Öberg Gunilla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuestions of equity, diversity, and inclusion in the sciences have taken center stage in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter movement of 2020. This paper focuses on the experiences of academics engaging in such work, particularly in their roles as educators, by sharing two of the authors' experiences introducing equity, diversity, and inclusion initiatives in a first‐year science course at a Canadian university. Using critical research methodologies like narrative inquiry and memory work, we look at three separate instances where complex personal, institutional and course attributes fostered, allowed, or hindered efforts to bring these initiatives into the classroom. We consider how problematic incidents and obstacles relating to the organization of content on equity, diversity, and inclusion in science cropped up during the process, how they were perceived and handled in the moment, as well as the authors' reflections, takeaways, and lessons learned from the experience. These stories suggest that efforts to center discussions about equity, diversity, and inclusion in undergraduate science classrooms can be unpredictable and complex, particularly at the day‐to‐day level; this is especially the case when handling subtler microaggressions rather than clear instances of discrimination or harassment. Our study points to the importance of creating a more permanent institutional memory for initiatives that outlive those who initiated and organized them, so that they become embedded within the culture of a course or department.
Investing green for sustainable development without ditching economic growth
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Usman Ojonugwa , Ike George N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal warming and other significant climatic changes arising from the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have placed great policy puzzles on whether to slow or not to slow gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This paper presents and estimates empirical models of growth using standard tools of growth empirics for 23 OECD countries over the period 1990–2017. The main objective is to examine the role of green energy consumption and investment on economic growth. Using the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) with fixed effects, empirical results suggest that green energy consumption and investment—in the sense of renewable energy consumption and expenditure in renewable energy research and development (R&D)—have small, although positive effects on economic growth. These effects are heterogeneous, leading to asymmetric patterns over the conditional quantile distribution of per‐capita GDP with stronger effects found in the lower quantiles. The implication of our findings is that capacity utilization in green energy consumption and investment has not been developed to a viable level that will mitigate greenhouse effects and spur sustainable development in the long run.
Electrochemical Generation of Catalytically Active Edge Sites in C2N‐Type Carbon Materials for Artificial Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Zhang Wuyong , Zhan Shaoqi , Qin Qing , Heil Tobias , Liu Xiyu , Hwang Jinyeon , Ferber Thimo H. , Hofmann Jan P. , Oschatz Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH3) is a potentially carbon‐neutral and decentralized supplement to the established Haber–Bosch process. Catalytic activation of the highly stable dinitrogen molecules remains a great challenge. Especially metal‐free nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts do not often reach the desired selectivity and ammonia production rates due to their low concentration of NRR active sites and possible instability of heteroatoms under electrochemical potential, which can even contribute to false positive results. In this context, the electrochemical activation of nitrogen‐doped carbon electrocatalysts is an attractive, but not yet established method to create NRR catalytic sites. Herein, a metal‐free C2N material (HAT‐700) is electrochemically etched prior to application in NRR to form active edge‐sites originating from the removal of terminal nitrile groups. Resulting activated metal‐free HAT‐700‐A shows remarkable catalytic activity in electrochemical nitrogen fixation with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 11.4% and NH3 yield of 5.86 µg mg−1cat h−1. Experimental results and theoretical calculations are combined, and it is proposed that carbon radicals formed during activation together with adjacent pyridinic nitrogen atoms play a crucial role in nitrogen adsorption and activation. The results demonstrate the possibility to create catalytically active sites on purpose by etching labile functional groups prior to NRR.
CRISPR/Cas Systems‐Inspired Nano/Biosensors for Detecting Infectious Viruses and Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Xianlong , Shi Yiheng , Chen Guang , Wu Di , Wu Yongning , Li Guoliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfectious pathogens cause severe human illnesses and great deaths per year worldwide. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of pathogens is of great importance for preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogens and optimizing medical healthcare systems. Inspired by a microbial defense system (i.e., CRISPR/ CRISPR‐associated proteins (Cas) system, an adaptive immune system for protecting microorganisms from being attacked by invading species), a great many new biosensors have been successfully developed and widely applied in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, advanced nanotechnologies have also been integrated into these biosensors to improve their detection stability, sensitivity, and accuracy. In this review, the recent advance in CRISPR/Cas systems‐based nano/biosensors and their applications in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria are comprehensively reviewed. First of all, the categories and working principles of CRISPR/Cas systems for establishing the nano/biosensors are simply introduced. Then, the design and construction of CRISPR/Cas systems‐based nano/biosensors are comprehensively discussed. In the end, attentions are focused on the applications of CRISPR/Cas systems‐based nano/biosensors in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Impressively, the remaining opportunities and challenges for the further design and development of CRISPR/Cas system‐based nano/biosensors and their promising applications are proposed.
State Estimation of Medium Voltage Distribution Line with Distributed Generations: Selected Utilization of Smart Meter Measurements
Authors: Hikoyama Kazuhisa , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Nonoyama Tomoaki , Matsuda Keishi , Kawano Shunsuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith regard to a medium‐voltage distribution system with low voltage electrical loads (hereafter written as ELs) and distributed generations (hereafter written as DGs), this study proposes a new calculation method for estimating electrical states such as line‐to‐line voltage vectors and line current vectors at connection points. The proposed method uses the following selected electrical data as input data: (i) active powers and reactive powers measured with the smart meters (hereafter written as SMs) on low voltage ELs and DGs and (ii) a line‐to‐line voltage and a current measured with a load break switch on the medium voltage distribution line, but does not use voltages and currents measured with the SMs on low voltage ELs and DGs. The selection of the used data attains reduction in the enormous number of data collected from SMs and also contributes to needless information on vast number of low voltage distribution lines such as their line impedances. Simulation results obtained, using the proposed method, show that the accurate electrical state of a medium voltage distribution line is derived through a small correction number for various generation powers of a DG. The knowledge acquired through this study is actually applied to the centralized voltage control system installed in an electric power company. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Estimating species richness with camera traps: modeling the effects of delay period, deployment length, number of sites, and interference imagery
Authors: Mashintonio Andrew F. , Harris Grant M. , Stewart David R. , Butler Matthew J. , Sanderson Jim , Russell Gareth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiologists commonly use camera traps for estimating species richness to inform conservation actions, steer land protection, and reveal effects of climate change. Long‐term studies using short delay periods (≤1 min) and numerous cameras produce voluminous amounts of redundant imagery. Thus, camera‐trapping procedures maximizing richness estimates while minimizing data collection need development. We used imagery of mammals spanning 4 deserts in the United States to model the effects of delay, deployment length (i.e., study duration), number of sampling sites, and interference events on the proportion of known species richness detected (Rp). We also determined the proportion of subsamples containing each species (SR) under different sampling conditions to inform subsequent occupancy estimation. We generated contour plots describing the optimal configuration of sites and deployment length that minimized the image acquisition required to estimate Rp = 0.9. The optimal configuration was independent of delay (requiring ~50 sites and 13 months). The shortest delay (10 sec) generated ~8 times more images than the longest (3600 sec) without substantially improving Rp and rare species detection. The shortest duration to acquire Rp = 0.9 was 10 months but required ~70 sites. The fewest sites needed were 22 and 29, depending on camera placement, requiring approximately 50 months of deployment. Simulated short, one‐month studies were only able to obtain Rp ~0.6 with 40–70 sites. Obtaining SR = 0.8 with a 3600 sec delay required between 1–12 months and 10 sites or 1–17 sites and 6 months for uncommon species. Adding interference imagery, even with long delays, produced SR ≥ 0.5 for rare species, generating data suitable for occupancy estimation. Overall, interference imagery had minimal effects on reducing SR estimates, unless the interference occurred continuously. Our guidance optimizes the number of sites, deployment length, and delay period while minimizing imagery acquisition to meet Rp and occupancy objectives with confidence.
Time‐based thin film flow for maxwell nanofluid on an inclined stretching sheet with double diffusion
Authors: Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Ahammad N. Ameer , Yassen Mansour F. , Kumam Poom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, the thin‐film flow of Maxwell nanofluid has been considered on an inclined stretched sheet by using the idea of double diffusion. Non‐Newtonian fluids are mostly used in biological processing, chemical reactions, and industrial applications. Magnetic effects have been applied to the flow system in the normal direction. The variable thickness of the liquid film varied during the double diffusion under the influence of the embedded parameters. Equations that handled the flow phenomenon have been changed to dimension‐free format and then have been solved by employing the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The substantial parameters were traced out during the conversion of flow equations and discussed theoretically using a graphical view. Higher values of the double diffusion parameters decay the thermal and concentration profiles. It has been revealed in this study that fluid motion has retarded with augmenting values of magnetic field effects, unsteadiness parameter, and thin‐film thickness. Temperature distribution upsurges with higher values of Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters while decreasing with growth in film thickness factor and thermal Maxwell parameter. Concentration profiles upsurge with augmenting values of thermophoresis parameter and retard with growth in Brownian motion.
Pure quark and gluon observables in collinear drop
Authors: Stewart Iain W. , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We construct a class of pure quark and gluon observables by using the collinear drop grooming technique. The construction is based on linear combinations of multiple cumulative distributions of the jet mass in collinear drop, whose specific weights are fully predicted perturbatively. This yields observables which obtain their values purely from quarks (or purely from gluons) in a wide region of phase space. We demonstrate this by showing that these observables are effective in two phase space regions, one dominated by perturbative resummation and one dominated by nonperturbative effects. The nonperturbative effects are included using shape functions which only appear as a common factor in the linear combinations constructed. We test this construction using a numerical analysis with next-to-leading logarithmic resummation and various shape function models, as well as analyzing these observables with Pythia and Vincia. Choices for the collinear drop parameters are optimized for experimental use.
Monolepton production in SMEFT to $$ \mathcal{O} $$(1/Λ4) and beyond
Authors: Kim Taegyun , Martin Adam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We calculate pp → ℓ+ν, ℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/Λ4) within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework. In particular, we calculate the four-fermion contribution from dimension six and eight operators, which dominates at large center of mass energy. We explore the relative size of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/Λ4) and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/Λ2) results for various kinematic regimes and assumptions about the Wilson coefficients. Results for Drell-Yan production pp → ℓ+ℓ− at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/Λ4) are also provided. Additionally, we develop the form for four fermion contact term contributions to pp → ℓ+ν, ℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

, pp → ℓ+ℓ− of arbitrary mass dimension. This allows us to estimate the effects from even higher dimensional (dimension > 8) terms in the SMEFT framework.
2D quantum gravity partition function on the fluctuating sphere
Authors: Giribet Gaston , Leoni Matías 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by recent works on the connection between 2D quantum gravity and timelike Liouville theory, we revisit the latter and clarify some aspects of the computation of its partition function: we present a detailed computation of the Liouville partition function on the fluctuating sphere at finite values of the central charge. The results for both the spacelike theory and the timelike theory are given, and their properties analyzed. We discuss the derivation of the partition function from the DOZZ formula, its derivation using the Coulomb gas approach, a semiclassical computation of it using the fixed area saddle point, and, finally, we arrive to an exact expression for the timelike partition function whose expansion can be compared with the 3-loop perturbative calculations reported in the literature. We also discuss the connection to the 2D black hole and other related topics.
Thick brane in Rastall gravity
Authors: Zhong Yi , Yang Ke , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, thick branes in Rastall gravity are investigated. Three types of maximally symmetric thick brane models are constructed and the linear tensor perturbation is analyzed. In the flat brane model, the tensor modes of the perturbation are either unstable or nonlocalizable for a nonvanishing Rastall parameter. In the de Sitter brane model, only the ground state of the tensor mode is localized. In the anti-de Sitter brane model, the number of the bound tensor states is infinity. For both the de Sitter and anti-de Sitter brane models, the condition of stability for the Rastall parameter is obtained. The linear scalar perturbations are also considered for the three brane models.
Vilenkin–Lebesgue Points and Almost Everywhere Convergence for Some Classical Summability Methods
Authors: Nadirashvili Nato , Persson Lars-Erik , Tephnadze George , Weisz Ferenc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe concept of Vilenkin–Lebesgue points was introduced in [12], where the almost everywhere convergence of Fejer means of Vilenkin–Fourier series was proved. In this paper, we present a different (and simpler) approach to prove a similar result, which can be used to prove that the corresponding result holds also in a more general context, namely for regular Norlund and T-means.
Finsler metrics and semi-symmetric compatible linear connections
Authors: Vincze Csaba , Oláh Márk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFinsler metrics are direct generalizations of Riemannian metrics such that the quadratic Riemannian indicatrices in the tangent spaces of a manifold are replaced by more general convex bodies as unit spheres. A linear connection on the base manifold is called compatible with the Finsler metric if the induced parallel transports preserve the Finslerian length of tangent vectors. Finsler manifolds admitting compatible linear connections are called generalized Berwald manifolds Wagner (Dokl Acad Sci USSR (N.S.) 39:3–5, 1943). Compatible linear connections are the solutions of the so-called compatibility equations containing the components of the torsion tensor as unknown quantities. Although there are some theoretical results for the solvability of the compatibility equations (monochromatic Finsler metrics Bartelmeß and Matveev (J Diff Geom Appl 58:264–271, 2018), extremal compatible linear connections and algorithmic solutions Vincze (Aequat Math 96:53–70, 2022)), it is very hard to solve them in general because compatible linear connections may or may not exist on a Finsler manifold and may or may not be unique. Therefore special cases are of special interest. One of them is the case of the so-called semi-symmetric compatible linear connection with decomposable torsion tensor. It is proved Vincze (Publ Math Debrecen 83(4):741–755, 2013 (see also Vincze (Euro J Math 3:1098–1171, 2017))) that such a compatible linear connection must be uniquely determined. The original proof is based on averaging in the sense that the 1-form in the decomposition of the torsion tensor can be expressed by integrating differential forms on the tangent manifold over the Finslerian indicatrices. The integral formulas are very difficult to compute in practice. In what follows we present a new proof for the uniqueness by using linear algebra and some basic facts about convex bodies. We present an explicit formula for the solution without integration. The method has a new contribution to the problem as well: necessary conditions of the solvability are formulated in terms of intrinsic equations without unknown quantities.
Long-term outcomes of lower limb post-traumatic osteomyelitis
Authors: Rodham Paul , Panteli Michalis , Qin Catherine , Harwood Paul , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeWhilst recurrence and amputation rates in post-traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM) are described, limb specific functional outcomes are not, leading to a knowledge gap when counselling patients prior to management. We aim to investigate the patient reported outcomes (PROMS) of this patient group to provide reference for discussions with patients prior to embarking on treatment.MethodsSingle institution cross-sectional retrospective study of all patients presenting with PTOM of the tibia/femur over a 7-year period. Alongside recurrence and amputation rates, patient reported outcomes were recorded including the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS.ResultsSeventy-two patients (59 male; median age 46 years) were identified. Treatment was principle-based and included debridement (with Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator (RIA) in 31/72), local antibiotics (52/72), soft tissue reconstruction (21/72) and systemic antibiotic therapy in all cases. PROMS were collected in 84% of all eligible patients at a median of 112-month post-treatment. Twelve patients experienced recurrence, whilst nine underwent amputation. The median LEFS was 60, the EQ-5D-3L index score was 0.760, and the EQ-VAS was 80. These scores are substantially lower than those seen in the general population (77, 0.856 and 82.2, respectively). LEFS was significantly higher, where RIA was utilised (69.6 vs 52.8;p = 0.02), and in those classified as BACH uncomplicated (74.4 vs 58.4;p = 0.02). EQ-5D-3L was also higher when RIA was utilised (0.883 vs 0.604;p = 0.04), with no difference in EQ-VAS scores.ConclusionsPatients with PTOM report functional outcomes below that of the general population, even when in remission. Improved outcomes were associated with uncomplicated disease and the use of RIA.