bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do Russian National Systems of Institutional Absences Shape Insensitive Corporate Environmental Violence of a Russian Extractive Multinational Corporation?
Authors: Villo Sofia , Turkina Natalya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAiming to develop normative recommendations for preventing corporate irresponsibility (CiR), business and society scholars have adopted strategic approaches—exploring the causal links between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and profitability—and moral approaches—exploring the moral principles of CSR that guide managers. However, some business ethics scholars have recently argued that these studies are too simplistic as they disregard the systemic logics of broader institutional environments that generate ‘bad apples’ firms and managers. Drawing on literature that sheds light on the systemic origin of CiR (i.e. the comparative institutionalist perspective and the critical management perspective), we conduct an in-depth case study on how Russian systems of institutional absences shape insensitive corporate environmental violence of a Russian extractive multinational corporation. In doing so, we develop a novel cultural approach to the analysis of CiR that advances knowledge about the systemic origin of CiR in two ways. First, this approach allows for identifying how the sources of CiR are located within firms’ home national systems of institutional absences, which shape systemic logics of CiR that make corporate violence less traceable by firms and broader society. Second, this approach allows for identifying how governments can sustain and perpetuate insensitive corporate violence through the deliberate and systemic absenting of national institutions that could pressure firms to be more socially and environmentally responsible, thus making negative consequences of corporate violence invisible to firms and broader society. We propose future research directions and suggest policy changes in Russia and other countries with similar systems of institutional absences.
Evaluation of the in vitro protein bioaccessibility of several microalgae and cyanobacteria as potential dietary ingredients in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles
Authors: Galafat Alba , Vizcaíno Antonio Jesús , Sáez María Isabel , Gómez-Pinchetti Juan Luis , Acién Francisco Gabriel , Martínez Tomás Francisco , Alarcón Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work addresses the evaluationin vitroof different marine (Dunaliella salinaREC-0214B andMicrochloropsis gaditanaREC-0251B) and freshwater (Anabaenasp. BEA-0300B,Arthrospira platensisBEA-0007B,Chlorella vulgarisBEA-0753B,Spirogyrasp. BEA-0666B) microalgae and cyanobacteria as potential dietary ingredients in aquafeeds. For this purpose, total protein content, amino acid composition, and the presence of protease inhibitors were evaluated. In addition, protein bioaccessibility was estimated using a species-specificin vitroassay usingSparus auratadigestive enzymes. Overall, all the microalgae showed high protein content ranging from 25 to 61%, and a balanced essential to non-essential amino acid content (from 0.81 to 0.95). The inhibition assay confirmed the absence of protease inhibitors whatever the microalgae considered. Finally, thein vitroassays showed differences in the degree of protein hydrolysis with values for the coefficient of protein degradation ranging from 49.4% inSpirogyrasp. to 85.5% inD. salina. Similarly, the total amount of free amino acids released from the microalgal biomass (from 12.8 to 20.8 g L-leucine equivalents (100 g protein)−1), as well as their qualitative amino acids profile varied among the different species, although the profile can be considered as well balanced in all cases. In conclusion, the results obtained revealed that, even if significant differences were observed among species in terms of their susceptibility to be hydrolysed byS. auratadigestive enzymes, all the microalgae and cyanobacteria evaluated presented an adequate protein content and a balanced amino acid profile.
A strong decline of the endangered Apollo butterfly over 20 years in the archipelago of southern Finland
Authors: Kukkonen Jonna M. , Mussaari Maija , Fred Marianne S. , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Insect groups are declining worldwide; Lepidoptera are among the taxa most affected in terrestrial ecosystems. The main drivers of these declines are a diverse set of factors relating to environmental change including habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. In 2019 and 2020, we surveyed 118 and 90 islands, respectively, in southern Finland’s archipelago for occupancy of Parnassius apollo larvae and counted the abundance of their host plant Hylotelephium telephium. Compared with historical data (1997–2003), the occupancy of Apollo butterfly larvae has decreased remarkably from about 75% to about 20% of islands and abundance declined as well. However, the abundance of their host plant has not changed. Occupancy models showed that the present occupancy probability is not affected by host plant numbers, and shows substantial colonization-extinction dynamics making the population vulnerable to stochastic extinction.

Implications for insect conservation
Our results show that this Apollo butterfly population is declining, and conservation actions are needed.
Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee
Authors: Tangye Stuart G. , Al-Herz Waleed , Bousfiha Aziz , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Franco Jose Luis , Holland Steven M. , Klein Christoph , Morio Tomohiro , Oksenhendler Eric , Picard Capucine , Puel Anne , Puck Jennifer , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Somech Raz , Su Helen C. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Torgerson Troy R. , Meyts Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report the updated classification of inborn errors of immunity, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 55 novel monogenic gene defects, and 1 phenocopy due to autoantibodies, that have either been discovered since the previous update (published January 2020) or were characterized earlier but have since been confirmed or expanded in subsequent studies. While variants in additional genes associated with immune diseases have been reported in the literature, this update includes only those that the committee assessed that reached the necessary threshold to represent novel inborn errors of immunity. There are now a total of 485 inborn errors of immunity. These advances in discovering the genetic causes of human immune diseases continue to significantly further our understanding of molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, thereby simultaneously enhancing immunological knowledge and improving patient diagnosis and management. This report is designed to serve as a resource for immunologists and geneticists pursuing the molecular diagnosis of individuals with heritable immunological disorders and for the scientific dissection of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying monogenic and related human immune diseases.
Information diagrams in the study of entanglement in symmetric multi-quDit systems and applications to quantum phase transitions in Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick D-level atom models
Authors: Guerrero Julio , Mayorgas Alberto , Calixto Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper we pursue the use of information measures (in particular, information diagrams) for the study of entanglement in symmetric multi-quDit systems. We use generalizations to $${U}(D)$$

U
(
D
)

of spin $${U}(2)$$

U
(
2
)

coherent states and their adaptation to parity (multicomponent Schrödinger cats), and we analyse one- and two-quDit reduced density matrices. We use these correlation measures to characterize quantum phase transitions occurring in Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models of $$D=3$$

D
=
3

-level identical atoms, and we propose the rank of the corresponding reduced density matrix as a discrete order parameter.
Philosophy of Science Can Prevent Manslaughter
Authors: De Block Andreas , Delaere Pierre , Hens Kristien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn September 2020, the surgeon Paulo Macchiarini, who used stem cell technology to enable the transplants of artificial and donor trachea, was charged with aggravated assault in Sweden. In this comment, we argue that the Ethics Council of the Karolinska Institute should have considered issues from philosophy of science when they were brought to their attention, rather than dismiss them as irrelevant to research ethics. We demonstrate how conceptual issues of a philosophy-of-science-kind about clinical research and medical practice should be integral to research ethics.
Could herbal soup be a potentially unrecognized cause of hepatotoxicity at autopsy?
Authors: Britza Susan M. , Farrington Rachael , Musgrave Ian F. , Aboltins Craig , Byard Roger W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnexpected hepatic failure with liver necrosis is sometimes encountered during a forensic autopsy. Determining the etiology may sometimes be difficult, although increasingly herbal medicines are being implicated. To determine whether such effects might also be caused by foodstuffs, the following in vitro study was undertaken. Four formulations of traditional herbal soup advertised as bak kut teh were prepared and added to cultures of liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed using an MTT colorimetric assay at 48 h demonstrating that all formulations had significant toxicity prior to dilution (p < 0.05). Formulation #1 showed 21% cell death (p = 0.023), Formulation #2 30% (p = 0.009), and Formulation #3 41% (p < 0.0001). Formulations #1–3 showed no significant toxicity once diluted (p > 0.05). Formulation 4 showed approximately 83% cell death before dilution (p < 0.0001) and persistent toxicity even with dilutions at 1:10 (15% ± 3.7, p = 0.023) and 1:1000 (14% ± 3.8, p = 0.024). This study has shown that herbal foodstuffs such as bak kut teh may be responsible for variable degrees of in vitro hepatotoxicity, thus extending the range of herbal products that may be potentially injurious to the liver. If unexpected liver damage is encountered at autopsy, information on possible recent ingestion of herbal food preparations should be sought, as routine toxicology screening will not identify the active components. Liver damage may therefore be caused not only by herbal medicines but possibly by herbal products contained in food.
Pore pressure prediction using seismic acoustic impedance in an overpressure carbonate reservoir
Authors: Riahi Mohammad Ali , Fakhari Mohammad Ghasem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe drilling engineers favor a quantifiable understanding of the subsurface overpressure zones to avoid drilling hazards. The conventional pore pressure estimation techniques in carbonate reservoirs are prone to uncertainties that affect the calculated pore pressure model resolution and are still far from satisfactory. Basically, in carbonate reservoirs, the effect of chemical process and cementation on porosity is more important than the mechanical compaction, so the conventional pore pressure prediction methods based on the normal compaction trend mostly do not provide acceptable results. Using the conventional methods for carbonate reservoirs can yield large errors, even suggesting a reduction in abnormal pressure in overpressure zones where considerable attention must be paid. Conventional methods need to model density and velocity to calculate the effective and overburden pressures. Converting acoustic impedance to density and velocity is always associated with errors and generally provides low resolution, which adds substantial uncertainties to the pressure prediction. Although pore pressure measurements are usually associated with low resolution, additional error-prone steps can be dropped if used directly. This research outlines the pore pressure estimation of a famous Iranian carbonate reservoir using direct acoustic impedance without inverting it to density and velocity. Finally, this method gives acceptable results in carbonate formations compared to the results of the Repeat Formation Test (RFT) in this region. The results show a zone of overpressure between the two low-pressure intervals of the carbonate reservoir. This result can be of great help in determining reservoir boundaries as well as in planning for drilling trajectory for new wells. Furthermore, the pore pressure estimation results also show pressure reduction in the central part of the seismic section. The proposed approach is a viable alternative to the conventional method and is in line with the geological field report, where the ratio of hydrocarbon potential of total rock on the reservoir sides is higher than its middle part. In this study, we want to emphasize that the calibrated function obtained in our area can be used in similar basins with carbonate reservoirs.
Promoting and countering misinformation during Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires: a case study of polarisation
Authors: Weber Derek , Falzon Lucia , Mitchell Lewis , Nasim Mehwish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring Australia’s unprecedented bushfires in 2019–2020, misinformation blaming arson surfaced on Twitter using . The extent to which bots and trolls were responsible for disseminating and amplifying this misinformation has received media scrutiny and academic research. Here, we study Twitter communities spreading this misinformation during the newsworthy event, and investigate the role of online communities using a natural experiment approach—before and after reporting of bots promoting the hashtag was broadcast by the mainstream media. Few bots were found, but the most bot-like accounts weresocial bots, which present as genuine humans, and trolling behaviour was evident. Further, we distilled meaningful quantitative differences between two polarised communities in the Twitter discussion, resulting in the following insights. First,Supportersof the arson narrative promoted misinformation by engaging others directly with replies and mentions using hashtags and links to external sources. In response,Opposersretweeted fact-based articles and official information. Second, Supporters were embedded throughout their interaction networks, but Opposers obtained high centrality more efficiently despite their peripheral positions. By the last phase, Opposers and unaffiliated accounts appeared to coordinate, potentially reaching a broader audience. Finally, the introduction of the bot report changed the discussion dynamic: Opposers only responded immediately, while Supporters countered strongly for days, but new unaffiliated accounts drawn into the discussion shifted the dominant narrative from arson misinformation to factual and official information. This foiled Supporters’ efforts, highlighting the value of exposing misinformation. We speculate that the communication strategies observed here could inform counter-strategies in other misinformation-related discussions.
Biomechanical Analysis of the External Fixation in a Lumbar Fracture Model: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Liao Yijia , Yan Yiguo , Kang Yu , Wang Wenjun , Song Xizheng , Peng Wen , Fu Haibin , Chen Huarong , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the external spinal fixation for treating lumbar fracture through finite element analysis (FEA) and provide a theoretical basis for its further application.

Methods
Two different models of L3 fracture fixed with the external spinal fixation and the internal fixation system respectively were constructed. The ROM, maximum stresses at L3, and the screws of the two models were measured under load control. Subsequently, the applied torque, the maximum stressed at L3, L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5 discs and the screws were analyzed under displacement control.

Results
Under load control, the external fixation model reserved more ROM than the internal fixation model (40.4–48.0% vs 30.5–41.0%). Compared to the internal fixation model, the maximum stresses at L3 and screws in the external fixation model were increased. Under displacement control, the external fixation model required fewer moments (N·mm) than the internal fixation model (flexion: 7500 vs 12,294; extension: 7500 vs 9027). Further, the maximum stresses at L3 and the screws in the external fixation model were greater than those of the internal fixation model, while the maximum stresses at the upper and lower adjacent discs of fixed segments were less than the internal fixation model.

Conclusion
Compared to the internal fixation system, the external fixation has a better stress distribution with the greater overall mobility. It theoretically reduces the stress concentration of the adjacent discs and the stress shielding of the fractured vertebral body.
On 2-local automorphisms of symmetric groups
Authors: Gyenti Bálint 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet $$\phi $$
ϕ
be a self-map of the symmetric group $$S_\Omega $$

S
Ω

acting on a countable set $$\Omega $$
Ω
. We show in an elementary fashion that if $$\phi $$
ϕ
has the property that $$\sigma \tau $$

σ
τ

is conjugate to $$\phi (\sigma )\phi (\tau )$$

ϕ
(
σ
)
ϕ
(
τ
)

for every choice of $$\sigma ,\tau $$

σ
,
τ

in $$S_\Omega $$

S
Ω

, then it is necessarily an automorphism or an antiautomorphism of $$S_\Omega $$

S
Ω

. As a corollary to this result, the so-called 2-local automorphisms of $$S_\Omega $$

S
Ω

are also described.
Performance Evaluation Method for Automated Driving System in Logical Scenario
Authors: Zhang Peixing , Zhu Bing , Zhao Jian , Fan Tianxin , Sun Yuhang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of automated driving technology, how to evaluate the performance of an automated driving system is attracting more and more attention. Meanwhile, with the creation of scenario-based test methods, the traditional evaluation index based on a single test can no longer meet the requirements of high-level safety verification for automated driving system, and the performance evaluation of such a system in logical scenarios will be the mainstream. Based on the scenario-based test method and Turing test theory, a performance evaluation method for an automated driving system in the whole parameter space of a logical scenario is proposed. The logical scenario parameter space is partitioned according to the risk degree of concrete scenario, and the evaluation process in different zones are determined. Subsequently, the anthropomorphic index in the safe zone and the collision-avoidance index in the danger zone are defined by comparing test results of human driving and ideal vehicle motion. Taking front vehicle low-speed and cut-out scenarios as examples, two automated driving algorithms are tested in the virtual environment, and the test results are evaluated both by the proposed method and by human observation. The results show that the results of the proposed method are consistent with the subjective feelings of humans; additionally, it can be applied to scenario-based tests and the verification process of an automated driving system.
P.164 Analysis of MNI OR log book over Dr Wilder Penfield`s Career: Practice profile of epilepsy cases
Authors: Zambrano E , Hall J , Martin-Brage L 
Published: June 2022

Background: Dr. Penfield was a pioneer in neurosurgery and his contribution continues to impact the practice today. Our objective is to analyze the epilepsy surgeries during his career. Methods: Analysis of original operating room books from 1934-1960. Results: He performed 2338 procedures during his career. 601 (26%) epilepsy, 524 (22%) oncology, 441 (19%) general neurosurgery, 379 (16%) functional, 230 (10%) spine, 80 (3%) trauma, 54 (2%) vascular, 29 (1%) nerves.Epilepsy cases were divided: local vs. general anesthesia and a focal resection or lobectomy. From 1934-1945 he performed 167 procedures, 146 local anesthesia with focal resection. From 1946-1950 223 procedures, introduction of lobectomies with 30. Most right-side procedures under general anesthesia. From 1951-1955 152 procedures, 88 focal resection, 64 lobectomies. From 1956-1960 59 surgeries, similar number of focal resection and lobectomies. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the most complete and comprehensive account his surgical career. In early years patients were treated through large craniotomies with EEG stimulation to tailor focal resections now known as the “Montreal procedure”. This led to a better understanding of human cortex and the division of the brain functions. During later years, there was a reduction in the number of cases done under local anesthesia and increase in lobectomies.
P.172 Work-up and management of asymptomatic extracranial traumatic vertebral artery injury
Authors: MacLean MA , Touchette CJ , Dude T , Almojuela A , Bergeron D , Kameda-Smith M , Persad AR , Sader N , Alant J , Christie SD 
Published: June 2022

Background: Extracranial traumatic vertebral artery injury (eTVAI) is common following non-penetrating head and neck trauma. Most cases are initially asymptomatic with an increased risk for stroke. Consensus is lacking regarding screening, treatment, and follow-up of asymptomatic patients with eTVAI. Our objective was to investigate national practice patterns reflecting these domains. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed via the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation and Canadian Spine Society. Two case-based scenarios featured asymptomatic patients with eTVAI. Case 1: non-displaced cervical lateral mass fracture; angiography stratified by luminal diameter reduction. Case 2: complex C2 fracture; angiography featuring pseudoaneurysm dissection. Analysis: descriptive statistics. Results: Response Rate: 108 of 182 participants (59%), representing 20 academic institutions.Case 1: 78% of respondents would screen using CTA (97%), immediately (88%). Most respondents (97%) would initiate treatment, using aspirin (89%) for 3-6 months (46%).Case 2: 73% of respondents would screen using CTA (96%), immediately (88%). The majority of respondents (94%) would initiate treatment, using aspirin (50%) for 3-6 months (35%). Thirty-six percent of respondents would utilize endovascular therapy.In both cases, the majority of respondents would follow-up clinically or radiographically every 1-3 months, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights consensus in Canadian practice patterns for the workup and management of asymptomatic eTVAI.
Migration, authority and the gendered organization of labour in artisanal gold mining in Sierra Leone (and Mozambique)
Authors: Rutherford Blair 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies of migration into artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) have explored the motivations, strategic agency and professional trajectories of women and men miners who move to mine. In this article, I seek to shift the focus from the ‘push/pull’ factors in migration to consider the varied entanglements of mobility with authority and power relations pervasive through rural institutions. The importance – or lack of importance – of being a ‘migrant’ in these mining sites rests largely on the particular gendered cultural politics shaping livelihoods in the area. Drawing principally on ethnographic research in Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, this article examines how migrant status for men and women working in the gold sites who came from other parts of the country is more marked than for Zimbabwean migrants working in artisanal gold mines in Manica, Mozambique. I argue that migrant status is marked by various authority and power relations in artisanal gold-mining sites when those controlling access to mining livelihoods, including access to residency in the mining communities, are able to emphasize contingent forms of belonging by migrants compared with those defined as ‘locals’. Critical to these differential forms of valuation is the particular organization of labour.