bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP2C19 expression modulates affective functioning and hippocampal subiculum volume—a large single-center community-dwelling cohort study
Authors: Grosu Claire , Trofimova Olga , Gholam-Rezaee Mehdi , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Kherif Ferath , Lutti Antoine , Preisig Martin , Draganski Bogdan , Eap Chin B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven controversial findings of reduced depressive symptom severity and increased hippocampus volume in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, we sought to provide empirical evidence from a large-scale single-center longitudinal cohort in the community-dwelling adult population—Colaus|PsyCoLaus in Lausanne, Switzerland (n = 4152). We looked forCYP2C19genotype-related behavioral and brain anatomy patterns using a comprehensive set of psychometry, water diffusion- and relaxometry-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (BrainLaus,n = 1187). Our statistical models tested for differential associations between poor metabolizer and other metabolizer status with imaging-derived indices of brain volume and tissue properties that explain individuals’ current and lifetime mood characteristics. The observed association betweenCYP2C19genotype and lifetime affective status showing higher functioning scores in poor metabolizers, was mainly driven by female participants (ß = 3.9,p = 0.010). There was no difference in total hippocampus volume between poor metabolizer and other metabolizer, though there was higher subiculum volume in the right hippocampus of poor metabolizers (ß = 0.03,pFDRcorrected = 0.036). Our study supports the notion of association between mood phenotype andCYP2C19genotype, however, finds no evidence for concomitant hippocampus volume differences, with the exception of the right subiculum.
Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Varela-Eirín Marta , Carpintero-Fernández Paula , Guitián-Caamaño Amanda , Varela-Vázquez Adrián , García-Yuste Alejandro , Sánchez-Temprano Agustín , Bravo-López Susana B. , Yañez-Cabanas José , Fonseca Eduardo , Largo Raquel , Mobasheri Ali , Caeiro José Ramón , Mayán María D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of senescent cells is a key characteristic of aging, leading to the progression of age-related diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Previous data from our laboratory has demonstrated that high levels of the transmembrane protein connexin 43 (Cx43) are associated with a senescent phenotype in chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage. OA has been reclassified as a musculoskeletal disease characterized by the breakdown of the articular cartilage affecting the whole joint, subchondral bone, synovium, ligaments, tendons and muscles. However, the mechanisms that contribute to the spread of pathogenic factors throughout the joint tissues are still unknown. Here, we show for the first time that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by human OA-derived chondrocytes contain high levels of Cx43 and induce a senescent phenotype in targeted chondrocytes, synovial and bone cells contributing to the formation of an inflammatory and degenerative joint environment by the secretion of senescence-associated secretory associated phenotype (SASP) molecules, including IL-1ß and IL-6 and MMPs. The enrichment of Cx43 changes the protein profile and activity of the secreted sEVs. Our results indicate a dual role for sEVs containing Cx43 inducing senescence and activating cellular plasticity in target cells mediated by NF-kß and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signalling programme and contributing to the loss of the fully differentiated phenotype. Our results demonstrated that Cx43-sEVs released by OA-derived chondrocytes spread senescence, inflammation and reprogramming factors involved in wound healing failure to neighbouring tissues, contributing to the progression of the disease among cartilage, synovium, and bone and probably from one joint to another. These results highlight the importance for future studies to consider sEVs positive for Cx43 as a new biomarker of disease progression and new target to treat OA.
The deubiquitinase USP7 promotes HNSCC progression via deubiquitinating and stabilizing TAZ
Authors: Li Jin , Dai Yibin , Ge Han , Guo Songsong , Zhang Wei , Wang Yanling , Liu Laikui , Cheng Jie , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDysregulated abundance, location and transcriptional output of Hippo signaling effector TAZ have been increasingly linked to human cancers including head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). TAZ is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation mediated by E3 ligase β-TRCP. However, the deubiquitinating enzymes and mechanisms responsible for its protein stability remain underexplored. Here, we exploited customized deubiquitinases siRNA and cDNA library screen strategies and identified USP7 as a bona fide TAZ deubiquitinase in HNSCC. USP7 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth by stabilizing TAZ. Mechanistically, USP7 interacted with, deubiquitinated and stabilized TAZ by selectively removing its K48-linked ubiquitination chain independent of canonical Hippo kinase cascade. USP7 potently antagonized β-TRCP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TAZ and enhanced its nuclear retention and transcriptional output. Importantly, overexpression of USP7 correlated with TAZ upregulation, tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in HNSCC patients. Pharmacological inhibition of USP7 significantly suppressed tumor growth in both xenograft and PDX models. Collectively, these findings identify USP7 as an essential regulator of TAZ and define USP7-TAZ signaling axis as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Regulatory T cells in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration: recent insights
Authors: Wu Jianhui , Ren Bowen , Wang Daochao , Lin Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle repair and regeneration after injury is a multi-stage process, involving a dynamic inflammatory microenvironment consisting of a complex network formed by the interaction of immune cells and their secreted cytokines. The homeostasis of the inflammatory microenvironment determines whether skeletal muscle repair tissues will ultimately form scar tissue or regenerative tissue. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate homeostasis within the immune system and self-immune tolerance, and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. Dysregulated Tregs function leads to abnormal repair. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of Tregs in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration after injury and provide new strategies for Treg immunotherapy in skeletal muscle diseases.
Sign-tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance and electrically detectable dual magnetic phases in a helical antiferromagnet
Authors: Kim Jong Hyuk , Shin Hyun Jun , Kim Mi Kyung , Hong Jae Min , Jeong Ki Won , Kim Jin Seok , Moon Kyungsun , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmerging from competing exchange interactions, the helimagnetic order describes a noncollinear spin texture of antiferromagnets. Although collinear antiferromagnets act as the elemental building blocks of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics, until now, the potential of implementing spintronic functionality in noncollinear antiferromagnets has not been clarified. Here, we propose an AFM helimagnet of EuCo2As2 as a novel single-phase spintronic material that exhibits a remarkable sign reversal of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The contrast in the AMR arises from two electrically distinctive magnetic phases with spin reorientation that is driven by the magnetic field prevailing in the easy plane, which converts the AMR from positive to negative. Furthermore, based on an easy-plane anisotropic spin model, we theoretically identified various AFM memory states associated with the evolution of the spin structure under magnetic fields. The results revealed the potential of noncollinear antiferromagnets for application in the development of spintronic devices.
Structure of SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein essential for virus assembly
Authors: Zhang Zhikuan , Nomura Norimichi , Muramoto Yukiko , Ekimoto Toru , Uemura Tomoko , Liu Kehong , Yui Moeko , Kono Nozomu , Aoki Junken , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Noda Takeshi , Iwata So , Ohto Umeharu , Shimizu Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus membrane protein (M) is the most abundant viral structural protein and plays a central role in virus assembly and morphogenesis. However, the process of M protein-driven virus assembly are largely unknown. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein in two different conformations. M protein forms a mushroom-shaped dimer, composed of two transmembrane domain-swapped three-helix bundles and two intravirion domains. M protein further assembles into higher-order oligomers. A highly conserved hinge region is key for conformational changes. The M protein dimer is unexpectedly similar to SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, a viral ion channel. Moreover, the interaction analyses of M protein with nucleocapsid protein (N) and RNA suggest that the M protein mediates the concerted recruitment of these components through the positively charged intravirion domain. Our data shed light on the M protein-driven virus assembly mechanism and provide a structural basis for therapeutic intervention targeting M protein.
Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid uptake and beta-oxidation in platinum-resistant cancer cells
Authors: Tan Yuying , Li Junjie , Zhao Guangyuan , Huang Kai-Chih , Cardenas Horacio , Wang Yinu , Matei Daniela , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreased glycolysis is considered as a hallmark of cancer. Yet, cancer cell metabolic reprograming during therapeutic resistance development is under-studied. Here, through high-throughput stimulated Raman scattering imaging and single cell analysis, we find that cisplatin-resistant cells exhibit increased fatty acids (FA) uptake, accompanied by decreased glucose uptake and lipogenesis, indicating reprogramming from glucose to FA dependent anabolic and energy metabolism. A metabolic index incorporating glucose derived anabolism and FA uptake correlates linearly to the level of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines and primary cells. The increased FA uptake facilitates cancer cell survival under cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by enhancing beta-oxidation. Consequently, blocking beta-oxidation by a small molecule inhibitor combined with cisplatin or carboplatin synergistically suppresses OC proliferation in vitro and growth of patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Collectively, these findings support a rapid detection method of cisplatin-resistance at single cell level and a strategy for treating cisplatin-resistant tumors.
Multistep orthophosphate release tunes actomyosin energy transduction
Authors: Moretto Luisa , Ušaj Marko , Matusovsky Oleg , Rassier Dilson E. , Friedman Ran , Månsson Alf 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMuscle contraction and a range of critical cellular functions rely on force-producing interactions between myosin motors and actin filaments, powered by turnover of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The relationship between release of the ATP hydrolysis product ortophosphate (Pi) from the myosin active site and the force-generating structural change, the power-stroke, remains enigmatic despite its central role in energy transduction. Here, we present a model with multistep Pi-release that unifies current conflicting views while also revealing additional complexities of potential functional importance. The model is based on our evidence from kinetics, molecular modelling and single molecule fluorescence studies of Pi binding outside the active site. It is also consistent with high-speed atomic force microscopy movies of single myosin II molecules without Pi at the active site, showing consecutive snapshots of pre- and post-power stroke conformations. In addition to revealing critical features of energy transduction by actomyosin, the results suggest enzymatic mechanisms of potentially general relevance.
Superelastic graphene aerogel-based metamaterials
Authors: Wu Mingmao , Geng Hongya , Hu Yajie , Ma Hongyun , Yang Ce , Chen Hongwu , Wen Yeye , Cheng Huhu , Li Chun , Liu Feng , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltralight, ultrastrong, and supertough graphene aerogel metamaterials combining with multi-functionalities are promising for future military and domestic applications. However, the unsatisfactory mechanical performances and lack of the multiscale structural regulation still impede the development of graphene aerogels. Herein, we demonstrate a laser-engraving strategy toward graphene meta-aerogels (GmAs) with unusual characters. As the prerequisite, the nanofiber-reinforced networks convert the graphene walls’ deformation from the microscopic buckling to the bulk deformation during the compression process, ensuring the highly elastic, robust, and stiff nature. Accordingly, laser-engraving enables arbitrary regulation on the macro-configurations of GmAs with rich geometries and appealing characteristics such as large stretchability of 5400% reversible elongation, ultralight specific weight as small as 0.1 mg cm−3, and ultrawide Poisson’s ratio range from −0.95 to 1.64. Additionally, incorporating specific components into the pre-designed meta-structures could further achieve diversified functionalities.
Serine metabolism remodeling after platinum-based chemotherapy identifies vulnerabilities in a subgroup of resistant ovarian cancers
Authors: Van Nyen Tom , Planque Mélanie , van Wagensveld Lilian , Duarte Joao A. G. , Zaal Esther A. , Talebi Ali , Rossi Matteo , Körner Pierre-René , Rizzotto Lara , Moens Stijn , De Wispelaere Wout , Baiden-Amissah Regina E. M. , Sonke Gabe S. , Horlings Hugo M. , Eelen Guy , Berardi Emanuele , Swinnen Johannes V. , Berkers Celia R. , Carmeliet Peter , Lambrechts Diether , Davidson Ben , Agami Reuven , Fendt Sarah-Maria , Annibali Daniela , Amant Frédéric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResistance to platinum-based chemotherapy represents a major clinical challenge for many tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients often experience several response-relapse events, until tumors become resistant and life expectancy drops to 12–15 months. Despite improved knowledge of the molecular determinants of platinum resistance, the lack of clinical applicability limits exploitation of many potential targets, leaving patients with limited options. Serine biosynthesis has been linked to cancer growth and poor prognosis in various cancer types, however its role in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is not known. Here, we show that a subgroup of resistant tumors decreases phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) expression at relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we observe that this phenomenon is accompanied by a specific oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regenerating phenotype, which helps tumor cells in sustaining Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity under platinum treatment. Our findings reveal metabolic vulnerabilities with clinical implications for a subset of platinum resistant ovarian cancers.
Fractional neural sampling as a theory of spatiotemporal probabilistic computations in neural circuits
Authors: Qi Yang , Gong Pulin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA range of perceptual and cognitive processes have been characterized from the perspective of probabilistic representations and inference. To understand the neural circuit mechanism underlying these probabilistic computations, we develop a theory based on complex spatiotemporal dynamics of neural population activity. We first implement and explore this theory in a biophysically realistic, spiking neural circuit. Population activity patterns emerging from the circuit capture realistic variability or fluctuations of neural dynamics both in time and in space. These activity patterns implement a type of probabilistic computations that we name fractional neural sampling (FNS). We further develop a mathematical model to reveal the algorithmic nature of FNS and its computational advantages for representing multimodal distributions, a major challenge faced by existing theories. We demonstrate that FNS provides a unified account of a diversity of experimental observations of neural spatiotemporal dynamics and perceptual processes such as visual perception inference, and that FNS makes experimentally testable predictions.
3D printing colloidal crystal microstructures via sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography
Authors: Liu Keliang , Ding Haibo , Li Sen , Niu Yanfang , Zeng Yi , Zhang Junning , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe orderly arrangement of nanomaterials’ tiny units at the nanometer-scale accounts for a substantial part of their remarkable properties. Maintaining this orderness and meanwhile endowing the nanomaterials with highly precise and free-designed 3D micro architectures will open an exciting prospect for various novel applications. In this paper, we developed a sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography (TPL) strategy that enables the fabrication of complex 3D colloidal crystal microstructures with orderly-arranged nanoparticles inside. We show that, with the help of a degradable hydrogel scaffold, the disturbance effect of the femtosecond laser to the nanoparticle self-assembling could be overcome. Therefore, hydrogel-state and solid-state colloidal crystal microstructures with diverse compositions, free-designed geometries and variable structural colors could be easily fabricated. This enables the possibility to create novel colloidal crystal microsensing systems that have not been achieved before.
A deep learning approach to fight illicit trafficking of antiquities using artefact instance classification
Authors: Winterbottom Thomas , Leone Anna , Al Moubayed Noura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe approach the task of detecting the illicit movement of cultural heritage from a machine learning perspective by presenting a framework for detecting a known artefact in a new and unseen image. To this end, we explore the machine learning problem of instance classification for large archaeological images datasets, i.e. where each individual object (instance) is itself a class that all of the multiple images of that object belongs. We focus on a wide variety of objects in the Durham Oriental Museum with which we build a dataset with over 24,502 images of 4332 unique object instances. We experiment with state-of-the-art convolutional neural network models, the smaller variations of which are suitable for deployment on mobile applications. We find the exact object instance of a given image can be predicted from among 4332 others with ~ 72% accuracy, showing how effectively machine learning can detect a known object from a new image. We demonstrate that accuracy significantly improves as the number of images-per-object instance increases (up to ~ 83%), with an ensemble of classifiers scoring as high as 84%. We find that the correct instance is found in the top 3, 5, or 10 predictions of our best models ~ 91%, ~ 93%, or ~ 95% of the time respectively. Our findings contribute to the emerging overlap of machine learning and cultural heritage, and highlights the potential available to future applications and research.
Bioherbicidal potential of plant species with allelopathic effects on the weed Bidens bipinnata L.
Authors: Lopes Robson Willian Nunes , Marques Morais Estefenson , Lacerda Julian Junio de Jesus , Araújo Francisca Diana da Silva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant species with allelopathic effects against weeds have emerged as a potential strategy for the development of ecologically friendly bioherbicides. In this study, the allelopathic effects of the plant species Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke, Ricinus communis L., Piper tuberculatum Jacq., and Jatropha gossypiifolia L. on the weed Bidens bipinnata L. were investigated. In vitro bioassays revealed that aqueous extracts of selected plant species were able to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of B. bipinnata, highlighting the strongest allelopathic effect evidenced by R. communis. The phytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts was evaluated in pot experiments, which indicated that the foliar application of R. communis and P. tuberculatum extracts on B. bipinnata plants caused yellowing of leaves, affecting the chlorophyll content and reducing growth. The discrimination of the plant extracts by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared (ATR FT-MIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the presence of allelochemical compounds, such as phenolics and terpenoids, which may be associated with allelopathic activity. Overall, this study provides valuable information about the substantial allelopathic inhibitory effects of the plant species R. communis and P. tuberculatum on the weed B. bipinnata, which may be used for the development of eco-friendly bioherbicides.
Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among isoniazid users and non-users of HIV patients in Dessie, Ethiopia
Authors: Mebratu Wondwosen , Wedajo Shambel , Mohammed Semira , Endawkie Abel , Damtew Yeshiwork 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is major public health concern and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) helps to prevent TB development among patients living with human immune deficiency virus (PLWHIV). However, the evidence is limited especially in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with TB among IPT users and non-IPT users of PLWHIV in Dessie, Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study was employed for1 month in Dessie. A total of 326 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify factors associated with Tuberculosis. In multivariable analysis, AOR with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables with TB. The prevalence of TB among non-IPT users was 48.5%, (95% CI 40.8–56.2%), and among IPT users was 8%, (95% CI 5–13%). Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) (AOR = 5.835, 95% CI 2.565–13.274), IPT (AOR = 10.359, 95% CI 4.054–26.472), ART adherence (AOR = 30.542, 95% CI 12.871–72.475), and believing that IPT use prevents TB (AOR = 0.093, 95% CI 0.018–0.484) were statistically significant factors. The prevalence of TB was higher among non-IPT users than among IPT users. Therefore, efforts should be strengthened to implement widespread use of IPT among adult PLWHIV.