bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a systematic review of interventions targeting mental health, cognition or psychological well-being among individuals with long COVID
Authors: Hawke Lisa D , Brown Eric E , Rodak Terri , Rossell Susan , Ski Chantal F , Strudwick Gillian , Thompson David R , Wang Wei , Xu Dandan , Castle David 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFor some people, COVID-19 infection leads to negative health impacts that can last into the medium or long term. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infection, or ‘long COVID’, negatively affects not only physical health, but also mental health, cognition or psychological well-being. Complex, integrated interventions are recommended for long COVID, including psychological components; however, the effectiveness of such interventions has yet to be critically evaluated. This protocol describes a systematic review to be conducted of scientific literature reporting on clinical trials of interventions to promote mental health, cognition or psychological well-being among individuals with long COVID.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be followed. A health sciences librarian will identify the relevant literature through comprehensive systematic searches of Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, medRxiv, PsyArXiv, China National Knowledge Internet and WANFANG Data databases, as well as The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Studies will be selected through a title and abstract review, followed by a full-text review using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extracted will include intervention descriptions and efficacy metrics. Data will be narratively synthesised; if the data allow, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Risk of bias assessment will be conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for systematic reviews is not required. As researchers and clinicians respond to the new clinical entity that long COVID represents, this review will synthesise a rapidly emerging evidence base describing and testing interventions to promote mental health, cognition or psychological well-being. Results will therefore be disseminated through an open-access peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations to inform research and clinical practice.Prospero registration numberCRD42022318678
Does policy that provides choice in athletic footwear affect musculoskeletal injury risk in US Coast Guard recruits?
Authors: Fraser John J , Pommier R , MacGregor A J , Silder A , Sander T C 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMusculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are ubiquitous during initial entry military training, with overuse injuries the most common. A common injury mechanism is running, an activity that is integral to US Coast Guard (USCG) training and a requirement for graduation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a policy that allowed for athletic footwear choice on risk of lower quarter MSKI in USCG recruits.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed that included 1230 recruits (1040 men, 190 women) who trained under a policy that allowed self-selection of athletic footwear and 2951 recruits (2329 men, 622 women) who trained under a policy that mandated use of prescribed uniform athletic shoes and served as controls. Demographic data and physical performance were derived from administrative records. Injury data were abstracted from a medical tracking database. Unadjusted risk calculations and multivariable logistic regression assessing the effects of group, age, sex, height, body mass and 2.4 km run times on MSKI were performed.ResultsAnkle-foot, leg, knee and lumbopelvic-hip complex injuries were ubiquitous in both groups (experimental: 13.13 per 1000 person-weeks; control: 11.69 per 1000 person-weeks). Group was not a significant factor for any of the injuries assessed in either the unadjusted or adjusted analysis, despite widespread reports of pain (58.6%), perceived injury attribution (15.7%), perceived deleterious effect on performance (25.3%), general dissatisfaction (46.3%) and intended discontinuance of use following graduation (87.7%).ConclusionMSKI continues to be a major source of morbidity in the recruit training population. The policy that allowed USCG recruits to self-select athletic footwear did not decrease or increase the risk of MSKI. While regulations pertaining to footwear choice did not influence injury outcomes, there was general dissatisfaction with the prescribed uniform athletic footwear conveyed by the recruits and widespread reports of discomfort, perceived deleterious effects from wear and intended discontinued use following training completion.
Overview of thermodynamical properties for Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter spacetime in induced phase space
Authors: Du Yun-Zhi , Li Huai-Fan , Zhao Ren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the black hole and cosmological horizons in the de Sitter (dS) spacetime with the Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole are not independent with each other, which is caused by the gravitational effect, the interplay between two horizons should be considered. Based on this, by introducing the interactive entropy the RN–dS spacetime is analogous to a thermodynamic system with various thermodynamic quantities, in which the laws of thermodynamics still hold on. In our work, the thermodynamic properties of the RN–dS spacetime are mapped out in the induced phase space, which are similar to that in AdS black holes. The phase transition of the RN–dS spacetime between the high-potential and the low-potential black hole phases is observed. Compared with an ordinary thermodynamic system, the similar behaviors about the Joule–Thomson expansion and the critical exponents are also checked out. Finally, the scalar curvatures of two existent phases are presented to reveal the underlying microstructure and nature of phase transition in the RN–dS spacetime, which opens a new window to investigate the dS spacetime with black holes from an observational perspective.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Pain and Recovery Time in Obese Patients
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhaojian , Wang Bing , Zhao Chao , Xu Yuedan 
Published: September 2022

Objective. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and recovery time in obese patients. Methods. A total of 100 obese patients with body mass index

BMI

≥
30

kg/m2 who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy under general anesthesia in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were included and assigned into DEX group (dexmedetomidine group) and NS group (normal saline group). The bariatric surgery patients who were given normal saline pump were the NS group (

n
=
50

), and the bariatric surgery patients who were given the dexmedetomidine pump were the DEX group (

n
=
50

). The patients in the DEX group were given continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine before, during, and after induction of anesthesia at a dose of 0.4 μg. kg-1. h-1, 0.4 μg·kg-1. h-1, 0.2 μg·kg-1. h-1, respectively. The NS group was infused with the same volume of normal saline for the same time. The two groups of patients were treated with the same anesthesia induction and maintenance program. By comparing the operation, anesthesia, postoperative extubation, and recovery time of the two groups of patients, the effect of dexmedetomidine on the postoperative recovery time of obese patients was analyzed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and adverse reactions were compared to analyze the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain in obese patients. Results. The operation, anesthesia, postoperative extubation, and recovery time of the DEX group were significantly lower than those of the NS group, whereas the VAS and adverse reactions were significantly lower than those in the NS group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. An appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine in bariatric surgery for morbidly obese patients can effectively shorten the recovery time and extubation time of patients, reduce postoperative pain and the incidence of adverse reactions, and is worthy of clinical application. Dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg has promising anesthesia benefits in bariatric surgery of obese patients, can provide favorable analgesia and quality of recovery, help reduce the degree of stress response of patients, and does not increase the risk of adverse events. However, this study has certain limitations, so physicians should tailor the dosage according to the patient’s physical condition in clinical practice.
Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Mediates the Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Crimi Gabriele , De Marzo Vincenzo , De Marco Federico , Conrotto Federico , Oreglia Jacopo , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Testa Luca , Gorla Riccardo , Esposito Giuseppe , Sorrentino Sabato , Spaccarotella Carmen , Soriano Francesco , Bruno Francesco , Vercellino Matteo , Balbi Manrico , Morici Nuccia , Indolfi Ciro , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Bedogni Francesco , Porto Italo 
Published: September 2022

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with increased mortality. However, it is controversial whether AKI affects prognosis per se, being linked to baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) and bleeding complications. The aim of this study was to disentangle, applying mediation analysis, the association between AKI and clinical outcome, considering CKD and bleedings.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients undergoing TAVR were prospectively enrolled at 5 high‐volume centers in Italy. AKI was defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐3 consensus, whereas bleeding with Bleeding Academic Research Consortium. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality after 1‐year follow‐up. Among 2621 patients undergoing TAVR, AKI occurrence was associated with 1‐year mortality. This association of AKI with the primary end points remained significant after adjusting for baseline risk estimators, either Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (hazard ratio [HR], 2.78 [95% CI, 1.95–3.80],
P
<0.001) or EuroSCORE‐II (HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.35–2.56],
P
<0.001). Both AKI and CKD significantly and independently affected primary outcome (HR, 3.06 [95% CI, 2.01–4.64],
P
<0.001 and HR, 1.82 [95% CI 1.27–2.65],
P
<0.01, respectively). The estimated proportion of the total effect of CKD mediated via AKI was, on average, 15%, 95% CI, 4%–29%,
P
<0.001. The significant effect of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2–5 bleedings on the primary outcome was not mediated by AKI.

Conclusions
AKI occurs in 1 out of 6 patients and significantly mediates one fifth of the effect of baseline CKD on all‐cause mortality after TAVR. Our analysis supports a systematic effort to prevent AKI during TAVR, which may potentially translate into improved patients' 1‐year survival.
Global Longitudinal Strain and Biomarkers of Cardiac Damage and Stress as Predictors of Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Perry Andrew S. , Stein Elliot J. , Biersmith Michael , Fearon William F. , Elmariah Sammy , Kim Juyong B. , Clark Daniel E. , Patel Jay N. , Gonzales Holly , Baker Michael , Piana Robert N. , Mallugari Ravinder R. , Kapadia Samir , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Gillam Linda , Whisenant Brian , Quader Nishath , Zajarias Alan , Welt Frederick G. , Bavry Anthony A. , Coylewright Megan , Gupta Deepak K. , Vatterott Anna , Jackson Natalie , Huang Shi , Lindman Brian R. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive measure of left ventricular function and a risk marker in severe aortic stenosis. We sought to determine whether biomarkers of cardiac damage (cardiac troponin) and stress (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]) could complement GLS to identify patients with severe aortic stenosis at highest risk.

Methods and Results

From a multicenter prospective cohort of patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation, we measured absolute GLS (aGLS), cardiac troponin, and NT‐proBNP at baseline in 499 patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was observed in 19% and impaired GLS (aGLS <15%) in 38%. Elevations in cardiac troponin and NT‐proBNP were present in 79% and 89% of those with impaired GLS, respectively, as compared with 63% and 60% of those with normal GLS, respectively (
P
<0.001 for each). aGLS <15% was associated with increased mortality in univariable analysis (
P
=0.009), but, in a model with both biomarkers, aGLS, and clinical covariates included, aGLS was not associated with mortality; elevation in each biomarker was associated with an increased hazard of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, >2;
P
≤0.002 for each) when the other biomarker was elevated, but not when the other biomarker was normal (interaction
P
=0.015).

Conclusions
Among patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation, elevations in circulating cardiac troponin and NT‐proBNP are more common as GLS worsens. Biomarkers of cardiac damage and stress are independently associated with mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, whereas GLS is not. These findings may have implications for risk stratification of asymptomatic patients to determine optimal timing of valve replacement.
Long‐Term Activation of Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor by Dulaglutide Prevents Diabetic Heart Failure and Metabolic Remodeling in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xie Saiyang , Zhang Min , Shi Wenke , Xing Yun , Huang Yan , Fang Wen‐xi , Liu Shi‐qiang , Chen Meng‐Ya , Zhang Tong , Chen Si , Zeng Xiaofeng , Wang Shasha , Deng Wei , Tang Qizhu 
Published: September 2022

Background
Mechanistic insights of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists remain incompletely identified, despite the efficacy in heart failure observed in clinical trials. Here, we evaluated the effects of dulaglutide on heart complications and illuminated its underlying mechanism.

Methods and Results
We used mice with high‐fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetes to investigate the effects of dulaglutide upon diabetic cardiac dysfunction. After the onset of diabetes, control and diabetic mice were injected subcutaneously with either dulaglutide (type 2 diabetes‐dulaglutide and control‐dulaglutide groups) or vehicle (type 2 diabetes‐vehicle and control‐vehicle groups) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, heart characteristics, cardiometabolic profile and mitochondrial morphology and function were evaluated. Also, we analyzed the effects of dulaglutide on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with high glucose plus palmitic acid. In addition, wild type and AMP‐activated protein kinase α2 mutant mice were used to evaluate the underlying mechanism. In type 2 diabetes mouse model, dulaglutide ameliorated insulin resistance, improved glucose tolerance, reduced hyperlipidemia, and promoted fatty acid use in the myocardium. Dulaglutide treatment functionally attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and promoted metabolic reprogramming in diabetic mice. Furthermore, dulaglutide improved mitochondria fragmentation in myocytes, and simultaneously reinstated mitochondrial morphology and function in diabetic hearts. We also found that dulaglutide preserved AMP‐activated protein kinase α2‐dependent mitochondrial homeostasis, and the protective effects of dulaglutide on diabetic heart was almost abated by AMP‐activated protein kinase α2 knockout.

Conclusions
Dulaglutide prevents diabetic heart failure and favorably affects myocardial metabolic remodeling by impeding mitochondria fragmentation, and we suggest a potential strategy to develop a long‐term activation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor–based therapy to treat diabetes associated cardiovascular complications.
Day‐to‐Day Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in a General Japanese Population
Authors: Sasaki Takaya , Sakata Satoko , Oishi Emi , Furuta Yoshihiko , Honda Takanori , Hata Jun , Tsuboi Nobuo , Kitazono Takanari , Yokoo Takashi , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: September 2022

Background
Several longitudinal studies have reported that higher visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability is associated with greater risk for developing chronic kidney disease. However, no population‐based studies have investigated the association between day‐to‐day home blood pressure variability and incident chronic kidney disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 2342 Japanese community‐dwelling residents aged ≥40 years without chronic kidney disease at baseline were followed up by annual health examinations for 10 years. Home blood pressure was measured 3 times every morning for 28 days. Day‐to‐day coefficients of variation of home systolic blood pressure levels were categorized into quintiles. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
or the presence of proteinuria. The hazard ratios for developing chronic kidney disease were estimated with a Cox proportional hazards model. During the follow‐up period, 772 participants developed chronic kidney disease. Increased coefficients of variation of home systolic blood pressure were associated significantly with higher risk of chronic kidney disease after adjusting for confounders (
P
for trend <0.001): Individuals in the highest quintile of coefficients of variation had a 1.50‐fold (95% CI, 1.17–1.94) greater risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those in the lowest quintile. The combination of higher coefficients of variation and higher mean value of home systolic blood pressure was associated with the multivariable‐adjusted risk of developing chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that increased day‐to‐day blood pressure variability is a significant risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in a general Japanese population.
Borrowing in an Illegal Market: Contracting with Loan Sharks
Authors: Lang Kevin , Leong Kaiwen , Li Huailu , Xu Haibo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using over 11,000 unlicensed loans to over 1,000 borrowers in Singapore, we provide basic information about an understudied market: illegal moneylending. Borrowers and lenders interact frequently and rely primarily on relational contracts to enforce their agreements. Borrowers have high discount rates, often have gambling and/or substance abuse problems, and often repay late. While lenders sometimes resort to nonfinancial punishments, the primary cost of late repayment is the compounding of a very high interest rate. Consistent with our view that lenders cannot extract all surplus, a crackdown on illegal lending raised interest rates and lowered the size of loans.
Getting the Price Right? The Impact of Competitive Bidding in the Medicare Program
Authors: Ding Hui , Duggan Mark , Starc Amanda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study Medicare’s competitive bidding program for durable medical equipment. We use Medicare claims data to examine the effect on prices and utilization, focusing on continuous positive airway pressure devices for sleep apnea. We find that spending falls by 47.2% after a highly imperfect bidding mechanism is introduced. This is almost entirely driven by a 44.8% price reduction, though quantities also fall by 4.3%. To disentangle supply and demand, we leverage differential cost sharing across Medicare recipients. We measure a demand elasticity of -0.272 and find that quantity reductions are concentrated among less clinically appropriate groups.
Latent Exports: Almost Ideal Gravity and Zeros
Authors: Anderson James E. , Zhang Penglong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Export promotion at the extensive margin is a key concern of governments. We develop measures of how far firms in origin sectors are from break-even entry in destination markets. The measure is based on Almost Ideal gravity featuring heterogeneous price and income elasticities. Tobit estimation of 2006 trade flows for 75 countries and 25 sectors generates latent trade bias (LTB)—the latent (projected) trade share of nonpartners minus the as-if-frictionless trade share. Explained LTB variance decomposition shows that variable trade costs (distance and tariffs together) account for zero flows more than do fixed trade costs (entry cost) and income variation.
Life history variation between two Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus populations at different altitudes
Authors: Li Shaobin , Gao Hao , Liu Jinlong , Li Chongmou , Li Guopan , Li Dayong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Altitudinal gradients create environmental variation that can strongly affect avian life history strategies. To fully understand this issue, a comparison of the demography of populations of the same species over large altitudinal differences is required. Here, we investigated the breeding ecology of two populations of Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), one in the temperate zone of central China at an altitude of 30 m and another in the alpine zone of the northeastern Tibetan plateau at an altitude of 3430 m. The breeding ecology of this species was rarely studied at such a high altitude before. Our result revealed that high-altitude tree sparrows started breeding later, had a shorter breeding period (80 versus 140 days), produced smaller broods (1.2 versus 2.5 chicks) and had significantly smaller clutches (4.0 versus 4.9 eggs) but larger eggs (4272 versus 3443 mm3) when compared with their low-altitude counterparts. Besides, tree sparrows at our high-altitude site had longer nestling periods (14.5 versus 13.4 days) than those at the low-altitude site. High-altitude tree sparrows tend to have reduced fecundity but allocate more energy into each offspring to confront the stressful conditions at high altitudes. The observed patterns are consistent with adaptive life history strategies.
The Hierarchy of Calories? State Intervention, Food Rationing, and Food Smuggling in Occupied Tianjin (1937–1945)
Authors: Kiang Chi Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article aims to advance the understanding of the wartime food experience in Japanese-occupied Tianjin. We argue that food accessibility in Tianjin was conditioned by one’s position within the collaborationist regime and the depressed marketing system. While the state asserted its monopolistic power over food allocation, determining individuals’ entitlement to grain by their racial identities, occupation, and residency, the flourishing clandestine trade suggested the state’s failure to support its monopolistic claim over the allocation of grain resources. Making distinctions between imposed regulation policies and human practices, this essay attempts to elaborate the process of empire-building from the top down as well as the bottom up.