bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
’To be honest, I’m really scared’: perceptions and experiences of intimidation in the LMIC-based tobacco control community
Authors: Matthes Britta Katharina , Zatoński Mateusz , Alebshehy Raouf , Carballo Mercedes , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIt is well-evidenced that environmental or human rights advocacy comes with risks for those involved. Much less is known about the risks of tobacco control advocacy despite the emphasis on tobacco industry conduct. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of intimidation among members of the tobacco control community in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe interviewed six experts representing each of the World Health Organization (WHO) regions to inform an online survey conducted among the LMIC-based tobacco control community. Thematic analysis was used for analysing qualitative data while quantitative data were analysed descriptively.ResultsTwenty-three participants from five WHO regions completed the survey. Almost three-quarters of survey participants reported that they, or another member of the tobacco control community in their country, had experienced intimidation. The most frequently reported forms of intimidation were discreditation on social or traditional media, legal threats/action and threatening messages. Physical intimidation, theft/burglary, cyberattacks and surveillance were individually rare but reported collectively by over 40% of participants. Results suggested intimidation might be increasing and changing in nature, and undermines tobacco control efforts: it affects organisations’ capacity and agenda, their ability to build relationships with those needed to advance policy, as well as the well-being of individuals. Participants used a range of strategies in response to intimidation and reported that they would benefit from better support.ConclusionThis exploratory study suggests that intimidation is a crucial challenge for the tobacco control community. There are several measures the global tobacco control community could take, including establishing an international support mechanism and building capacity to deal with intimidation and draw attention to it.
Is tobacco a driver of footfall among small retailers? A geographical analysis of tobacco purchasing using electronic point of sale data
Authors: Tunstall Helena , Shortt Niamh K , Kong Amanda Y , Pearce Jamie 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveOpponents of policies designed to reduce tobacco retail availability argue that tobacco products are a vital driver of ‘footfall’ in small retailers. This study considers the changing contribution of tobacco to footfall and revenue among convenience stores across Britain, compares tobacco to other ‘footfall driver’ products and assesses whether tobacco’s importance varies by neighbourhood deprivation and urban/rural status.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of electronic point of sale systems data from 1253 convenience stores in Britain in 4 weeks in 2016 and 2019. We calculated the number and value of purchased basket types (Tobacco Only, Non-Tobacco, Mixed) in each year and by neighbourhood characteristics.ResultsThe mean numbers of baskets per store containing tobacco fell by 47% during 2016–2019, a greater decline than any other footfall driver product. The sales value of tobacco products rose sharply over this time period due to increasing unit price. However, the proportion of store turnover accounted for by tobacco transactions declined. There were marked falls in the turnover from non-tobacco products in Mixed tobacco baskets. The proportion of baskets containing tobacco and the value of turnover from these baskets was greater in more deprived and urban areas but these places also experienced larger reductions over time, narrowing differences between areas.ConclusionTobacco’s importance as a driver of footfall and related turnover among convenience retailers has reduced significantly in Britain in recent years, particularly in deprived and urban areas, undermining industry claims that tobacco is essential to the viability of these businesses.
Chiral anomalous processes in magnetospheres of pulsars and black holes
Authors: Gorbar Eduard V. , Shovkovy Igor A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose that chirally asymmetric plasma can be produced in the gap regions of the magnetospheres of pulsars and black holes. We show that, in the case of supermassive black holes situated in active galactic nuclei, the chiral charge density and the chiral chemical potential are very small and unlikely to have any observable effects. In contrast, the chiral asymmetry produced in the magnetospheres of magnetars can be substantial. It can trigger the chiral plasma instability that, in turn, can lead to observable phenomena in magnetars. In particular, the instability should trigger circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation in a wide window of frequencies, spanning from radio to near-infrared. As such, the produced chiral charge has the potential to affect some features of fast radio bursts.
Cost-Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Bypass Surgery for Patients With Left Main Disease: Results From the EXCEL Trial
Authors: Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Chinnakondepalli Khaja , Vilain Katherine , Serruys Patrick W. , Sabik Joseph F. , Kappetein A. Pieter , Stone Gregg W. , Cohen David J. ,   on behalf of the EXCEL Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background:
The EXCEL trial (Evaluation of XIENCE Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) demonstrated in patients with left main coronary artery disease, no significant difference between coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with everolimus-eluting stents for the composite end point of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction at 5 years. However, all-cause mortality at 5 years was higher with PCI. Long-term cost-effectiveness of these 2 strategies has heretofore not been evaluated.

Methods:
From 2010 to 2014, 1905 patients with left main coronary artery disease were randomized to CABG (n=957) or PCI (n=948). Costs ($2019) were assessed over 5 years using resource-based costing and Medicare reimbursement rates. Health utilities were assessed using the EuroQOL 5-dimension questionnaire. Five-year EXCEL data in combination with US lifetables were used to develop a Markov model to evaluate lifetime cost-effectiveness. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio <$50 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was considered highly cost-effective.

Results:

Index revascularization procedure costs were $4,850/patient higher with CABG, and total costs for the index hospitalization were $17 610/patient higher with CABG ($32 297 versus $19 687,
P
<0.001). Cumulative 5-year costs were $20 449/patient higher with CABG. CABG was projected to increase lifetime costs by $21 551 while increasing quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.49 QALYs, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $44 235/QALY. In a post hoc sensitivity analysis using mortality hazard ratios from a meta-analysis of all randomized CABG versus PCI in left main disease trials, the gain associated with CABG was 0.08 to 0.14 QALYs, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $139 775 to $232 710/QALY gained.

Conclusions:
Based on data from the EXCEL trial, CABG is an economically attractive revascularization strategy compared with PCI over a lifetime horizon for patients with significant left main coronary artery disease. However, this conclusion is sensitive to the long-term mortality rates with the 2 strategies, and CABG is no longer highly cost-effective when substituting the pooled treatment effect from the 4 major PCI versus CABG trials for left main disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01205776.
When Do We Stop Being Human? Prefiguring Nonanthropocentric Thinking
Authors: Solomon Lucy HG , Baio Cesar ,   Cesar & Lois
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The art collective Cesar & Lois (artists Lucy HG Solomon and Cesar Baio) discuss their artworks that explore networked growth as a logical system and form of thinking, incorporating living organisms such as Physarum polycephalum (slime mold) and fruiting mushrooms. Their artworks imagine a technological network built on a microbiological framework. The hybrid computational model they envision is linked to the ecosystemic logic of living systemsthe living network’s decisions are ecologically responsive. The artists seek to obtain knowledge across species and disciplines as they reconsider the nature of thought.
Slime Mold and Network Imaginaries: An Experimental Approach to Communication
Authors: Savić Selena , Grant Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Physarum polycephalum, or slime mold, is an acellular organism extensively studied in scientific experiments and artistic engagements. Artist and critical engineer Sarah Grant collaborates with architect and researcher Selena Savic on hybrid bio-networking experiments with slime mold as an approximation of a computer network. They study communication as an organic process, rethinking networks’ inherent technicity through encounters with a living organism. They discuss network imaginaries situated in the way slime mold forages for food: at once transmitting and materializing its experiences, constrained and conditioned by the environment. The results of this work are imaginative accounts of adaptive network infrastructure and protocols.
The Zone: A Study of Sound Art as Hyperreality
Authors: Batsis Dimitris , Bitsikas Xenofon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article concerns The Zone, an interactive sound installation by the collaborative group Volumetric Units. It focuses on the installation’s philosophical and creative aspects through a reflective analysis. The Zone expresses the phenomenological experience of hyperreal cyberspace: a condition where the shift in consciousness causes an inability to distinguish reality from the simulation of reality. The installation is an investigation of the sociopolitical effects of hidden online processes. The work intends to provoke a feeling of condensed confusion like the hyperreality that we experience online, a sense of dissolution of information that is followed by a dissolution of meaning.
How to Do Things with SVD: Mathematical Tool-Sharing from Physics to Performative Research
Authors: Hurshman Clint , Orr Joey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a mathematical technique used throughout the sciences and engineering, which decomposes data, represented in terms of matrices, to construct an “optimal base” that can contain key information. SVD serves as a conceptual framework in Singular Value Decomposition, a performance by a research collective consisting of Janet Biggs (visual artist), Agnieszka Międlar (mathematician), and Daniel Tapia Takaki (physicist) with dancer Vinson Fraley and musician Earl Maneein and supported by the Integrated Arts Research Initiative (IARI) at the Spencer Museum of Art. Their work together aimed to be substantive to their fields and generative of each other. Drawing from discussions of tool-sharing in the philosophy of science and performative research paradigms, this article examines the collaboration and performance to consider the sharing of conceptual frameworks as an approach to collaborative, interdisciplinary research.
Knowledge as a Mental State in Muʿtazilite Kalām
Authors: Benevich Fedor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is commonly accepted that the definition of knowledge is not among the main epistemological concerns of the period between Plato and Edmund Gettier. Kalām is an exception to the rule. Kalām scholars provide a detailed philosophical analysis of the difference between knowledge and mere true belief. In this article, I am focusing on the analysis of knowledge in one tradition of kalām, Bahšamite Muʿtazilism. I will argue that knowledge is a factive mental state for the Bahšamites. I will also show that the Bahšamite definition of knowledge is a combination of internalism and externalism with respect to justification.
An Analysis of Outcomes and Management Strategies for Patients With Cholecystostomy Tubes
Authors: Berenson Adam , Doran Marisa , Strollo Brian , Burton Jeff , Townsend Michael , Babin Jonathan , Millien Jeffanne , Brown Russell , Fuhrman George 
Published: July 2022

Background Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) drainage is an effective management strategy for acute cholecystitis in patients medically unfit for surgery. However, little is known about the fate of patients managed by PCT. We conducted this study to determine tube management outcomes for patients with acute cholecystitis managed by PCT. Methods The electronic record was queried to identify patients with acute cholecystitis managed by PCT from 2012-2020. Patients were divided into three groups for analysis: 1) ultimately managed by cholecystectomy, 2) eventual confirmation of distal flow of bile from the gallbladder and tube removal, and 3) tubes left in place without further management. Results A total of 179 patients with acute cholecystitis treated by PCT were included. Sixty-six patients never fully recovered from the medical insult associated with their diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and had their tubes left in situ. Sixty-four of these 66 patients (97%) died during follow-up. The remaining 113 patients recovered from their illness and presented to clinic for evaluation for tube removal and/or cholecystectomy. When distal biliary flow was confirmed, tube removal was favored (n = 70). When cystic duct outflow occlusion persisted, cholecystectomy was planned for patients who became acceptable surgical candidates (n = 43). For patients managed by cholecystectomy, 8 were approached open and 35 laparoscopically, with 12 of 35 (34.3%) converted to open and 23 (65.7%) completed laparoscopically. Conclusion Our study favors PCT removal for patients who recover from their acute illness when distal bile flow from the gallbladder is confirmed. We reserve cholecystectomy for patients who recover from their illness and demonstrate persistent cystic duct outflow obstruction.
Safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of implementing supervised exercise into the clinical care of individuals with advanced cancer
Authors: Gil Herrero Lucía , McNeely Margaret L , Courneya Kerry S , Castellanos Montealegre Mónica , González Marquez Ana Isabel , Pollan Santamaría Marina , Casla Barrio Soraya 
Published: July 2022

Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of implementing supervised exercise programming into the clinical care of individuals with advanced cancer. Design Single group implementation feasibility study using a pre–posttest design. Setting Exercise Oncology Unit of the Spanish Cancer Association (a cancer-specific community facility outside the hospital setting). Participants Adult individuals with advanced cancer profile involving advanced local cancer or distant metastases. Intervention A 12-week, twice-weekly, supervised, clinic-based multi-component exercise program. Main Measure Paired t-tests were used to assess pre–post changes and analyses of covariance were used to compare effects based on selected participant characteristics. Results Eighty-four individuals with advanced cancer completed the baseline assessment, with six participants withdrawing prior to the start of the program. Of the 78 participants, 17 dropped out, thus, a total of 61 completed the final assessment. Mean adherence was 82.5%. No serious adverse events occurred. Exercise significantly improved VO2max by 5.2 mL·kg·min ( p < 0.001), chest strength ( p < 0.001), leg strength ( p < 0.001), lean body mass ( p  =  0.003), skeletal muscle mass ( p < 0.002), % body fat ( p  =  0.02), quality of life by 5.3 points ( p  =  0.009), fatigue by 3.2 points ( p  =  0.012), and physical activity by 1680 METs/week ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Our clinically supervised and tailored exercise program involving moderate to vigorous intensity exercise was found to be feasible, safe, and effective for individuals with advanced cancer. Implications for Cancer Survivors With proper screening and supervision, individuals with advanced cancer can benefit from tailored exercise oncology support as part of an overall therapeutic care plan.
“The Impact of Pharmacists Engaged in Collaborative Practice Agreements in the United States”
Authors: Kerelos Theopeste , Gangoo-Dookhan Tricia 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To evaluate the role and impact of pharmacists in collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) in the United States. Methods An electronic literature review was conducted on studies addressing pharmacists’ involvement in CPAs. Articles included in the review were peer-reviewed studies conducted on adults and published between 2017 and 2022. Articles investigating children were excluded. Results Of the articles identified, 8 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the literature review. All of the studies were published between 2017 and 2022 in English in the United States. CPAs were already in place in 7 of the studies with variances due to different healthcare settings and patient populations. The studies evaluated the effect of pharmacist engagement in CPAs on the attainment of clinical and financial goals, satisfaction with pharmacist involvement, and existing barriers to pharmacist engagement in CPAs. Findings showed that pharmacist engagement in CPAs had a positive impact on the attainment of the desired clinical and financial goals, and providers were satisfied with pharmacist involvement. A common barrier to pharmacist involvement was the lack of reimbursement. Conclusion Pharmacists engaged in CPAs have a positive impact on healthcare, and there are opportunities for expansion of pharmacists’ roles in CPAs, particularly in non-traditional settings.
Evaluating the Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention at Discharge in a Community, Nonteaching Hospital
Authors: Manis Melanie M. , Kyle Jeffrey A. , Dajani Dima , Pan Kevin , Hughes Peter J. , Adunlin Georges , Allen Leland N. , Leonard Charles E. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Approximately 30% to 50% of hospital discharge antimicrobials are inappropriate. Limited data exist on approaches to improve antimicrobial prescribing practices at the time of discharge from a community hospital. Objective: To assess the impact of a comprehensive pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship intervention at discharge. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental, pre-post study. A biphasic intervention took place on 2 medicine units from November 2019 to May 2020 at a community hospital. Baseline data were collected, followed by prescriber education on antimicrobial stewardship to both units (education phase). Next, a pharmacist-led intervention took place on one unit (intervention phase). The primary outcome was composite appropriateness of an oral antimicrobial prescribed to an adult at the time of discharge, defined by narrow spectrum of activity, dosing, and duration of therapy. The primary outcome was assessed using Fisher exact test. Results: Baseline composite appropriateness was 30% (n = 12) on the control unit and 30.8% (n = 20) on the intervention unit. From baseline to posteducation, no significant change in composite appropriateness was found on the control (30% to 26.7%, P = 0.256) or intervention (30.8% to 19.4%, P = 0.09) unit. There was no significant difference between the education to intervention phase (26.7% vs 35%, P = 0.254) on the control unit. On the intervention unit, a significant difference in composite appropriateness was found from the education to intervention phase (19.4% vs 47.8%, P = 0.017). Conclusion and Relevance: A pharmacist-led intervention improved appropriateness of oral antimicrobials prescribed at discharge. One-time education was insufficient for improving antimicrobial stewardship.
The Correlation Between Preoperative Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and the Time from Injury to Surgery (TFITS)
Authors: Cong Yuxuan , Huang Hai , Zhang Bin-Fei , Deng Hongli , Lei Jinlai , Ke Chao , Han Shuang , Zhang Kun , Wang Pengfei 
Published: July 2022

Objective To investigate the correlation between preoperative DVT and the time from injury to surgery (TFITS), and provide a clinical reference for the prevention of preoperative DVT. Patients and methods We collected the clinical data of patients with lower extremities fractures between September 1, 2014, and May 31, 2019. Doppler ultrasonography was used to diagnose DVT. Patients were divided into the 0-2d group, 3-4d group, 5-7d group, and >7d group according to TFITS. The correlation between TFITS and preoperative DVT was assessed using logistic regression according to the adjusted model. Result A total of 2831 patients were included in the study. The mean（+/-SD） TFITS was 6.11 ± 3.76 (0 to 21 d). A total of 821 (29.0%) cases had preoperative DVT, with the incidence of DVT being 8.0% in the 0-2d group, 23.8% in the 3-4d group, 32.0% in the 5-7d group, and 36.2% in the >7d group, with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05) among all the groups. The incidence of preoperative DVT increased with prolonged preoperative time. In the fully adjusted model, TFITS was positively correlated with the incidence of preoperative DVT (OR: 1.093; 95% CI: 1.068-1.118; P = 0.000), and the strength of the association increased with increasing time. Conclusion TFITS was an independent risk factor on the incidence of preoperative DVT. After excluding the effect of other factors, each 1d increases in TFITS was correlated with a 9.3% increase in the risk of preoperative DVT. The TFITS should be decreased to reduce the risk of preoperative DVT.
A Prospective Study Evaluating Patterns of Responses to the Caprini Score to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism After Interventional Treatment for Varicose Veins
Authors: Grill Marcelo Halfen , Caffaro Roberto Augusto , Grill Thiago Alverez , Júnior Valter Castelli , Kikuchi Rodrigo , Ribeiro Camilla Moreira , da Silva Viviane Santana , Tafur Alfonso J. , Caprini Joseph A. , Ramacciotti Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a critical complication of varicose vein treatments. The Caprini Score (CS) is an established tool to assess patients’ VTE risks. One disadvantage is the number of questions required, some of them referring to a low incidence of disease, even lower in patients seeking an elective procedure. These elements take time and may result in filling errors if the CS is not filled out by a properly trained health professional. Objective To establish a response pattern in CS, with emphasis on questions that usually have a negative answer and propose a simpler adaptative digital version without changing the original structure of the tool. Methods two hundred and twenty-seven patients in the pre-surgical treatment of varicose veins were enrolled prospectively and submitted to the CS evaluation. Results The pattern of dichotomous responses could be divided arbitrarily into four subgroups considering the percentage of positive responses: none (11 items), less than 3% (13 items), between 3% and 20% (5 items), and more than 20% (8 items). Of the 12 CS questions related to illnesses that occurred in the last month, ten had had no responses, and 2 were less than 3%. Conclusion There is a pattern in the CS responses of patients with an indication of surgical treatment of varicose veins. Many of the CS questions are not helpful in this scenario and may result in filling errors performed by untrained providers. An adaptative version of the CS might benefit varicose veins surgery VTE risk stratification