bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Diagnosis of SIBO Using an At-Home Handheld App Connected Breath Analysis Device (AIRE)
Authors: Barahona Guillermo , Mc Bride Barry , Moran Áine , Hawamdeh Sahar , Villatoro Luisa , Burns Robert , Konings Bo , Bulat Robert , McKnight Megan , Shortt Claire , Pasricha Pankaj J. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTIONSmall Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a common yet underdiagnosed condition. Lactulose hydrogen breath tests (LHBT) are typically used to detect SIBO; however, current breath testing methods require specialised, expensive equipment and technical support and are either done at a point-of-care facility and/or have to be mailed to a central laboratory. To address these issues a novel hand-held breath analyzer (AIRE®, FoodMarble) was tested. The aims of this study were first, to perform a technical assessment of the AIRE device, second to compare the performance of the AIRE device against a commercially available mail-in LHBT kit using a zero-inflated negative binomial mixed effect model.METHODSThree AIRE devices were tested with certified test gases covering a diagnostically meaningful range (hydrogen mixed with air at 3 ppm, 10 ppm and 50 ppm). For the clinical study, 36 patients suspected to have SIBO presenting to a tertiary level clinic were provided with an AIRE device and performed concurrent LHBTs at home with a mail-in LHBT kit.RESULTSThe overall average readings (mean ± SD) for the AIRE devices tested at 3 ppm, 10 ppm and 50 ppm H2 were: 3.5 ± 0.7 ppm; 10.7 ± 1.1 ppm and 49.5 ± 2.6 ppm respectively. The overall mean absolute error across the tested devices was 1.2 ppm. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) was demonstrated between AIRE and mail-in kit H2 values.DISCUSSIONThe AIRE device is a compelling alternative to mail-in LHBT kits for the diagnosis of SIBO. The AIRE device may also offer advantages over other traditional breath testing methods.
Optimizing multi-domain hematologic biomarkers and clinical features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar depression and bipolar depression
Authors: Zeng Jinkun , Zhang Yaoyun , YuTao Xiang , Liang Sugai , Xue Chuang , Zhang Junhang , Ran Ya , Huang Songfang , Huang Fei , Si Luo , Li Tao , Deng Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of objective features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression, especially those that can be easily accessible in practical settings. Some studies have shown that unipolar and bipolar depression have different associations with hematologic biomarkers and clinical features such as the age of onset. However, none of them have used these features for differential diagnosis. We investigated whether biomarkers of complete blood count, blood biochemical markers and clinical features could accurately classify unipolar and bipolar depression using machine learning methods.1,160 eligible patients were included in this retrospective study (918 with unipolar depression and 242 with bipolar depression). 27 biomarkers of complete blood count,17 blood biochemical markers and 2 clinical features were investigated for the classification. Patient data was split into training (85%) and test set (15%). Using ten-fold cross validation for training, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were compared with feature selection.We calculated the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The optimal performance was achieved by XGBoost using a combination of selected biomarkers of complete blood count (WBC, PLR, MONO, LYMPH, NEUT Ratio, MCHC, BASO Ratio, LYMPH Ratio), blood biochemical markers (albumin, potassium, chlorine, HCT, calcium, LDL, HDL) and clinical features (disease duration, age of onset). The optimal performances achieved on the open test set were AUC 0.889, sensitivity 0.831, specificity 0.839 and accuracy 0.863. Hematologic biomarkers and onset features seem to be reliable information that could be easily accessible in clinical settings to improve diagnostic accuracy. In addition, we further analyzed the importance of specific blood biomarkers in samples of disease durations <= 3 years and > 3 years. WBC and MONO remained informative across different disease durations. Meanwhile, NEUT, BASO Ratio, HCT and LYMPH, and albumin were more indicative in the short course (<= 3 years), whereas NLR and chlorine were more indicative in the longer course (> 3 years). This may suggest that, given the overall stability of the model, longitudinal changes in biomarkers should be investigated across different disease courses and age groups.
A Novel Application of Neural Networks to Identify Potentially Effective Combinations of Biologic Factors for Enhancement of Bone Fusion/Repair
Authors: Anastasio Albert T , Zinger Bailey S , Anastasio Thomas J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe use of biologic adjuvants (orthobiologics) is becoming commonplace in orthopaedic surgery. Amongst other applications, biologics are often added to enhance fusion rates in spinal surgery and to promote bone healing in complex fracture patterns. Generally, orthopaedic surgeons use only one biomolecular agent (ie allograft with embedded bone morphogenic protein-2) rather than several agents acting in concert. Bone fusion, however, is a highly multifactorial process and it likely could be more effectively enhanced using biologic factors in combination, acting synergistically. We used artificial neural networks to identify combinations of orthobiologic factors that potentially would be more effective than single agents.MethodsAvailable data on the outcomes associated with various orthopaedic biologic agents, electrical stimulation, and pulsed ultrasound were curated from the literature and assembled into a form suitable for machine learning. The best among many different types of neural networks was chosen for its ability to generalize over this dataset, and that network was used to make predictions concerning the expected efficacy of 2400 medically feasible combinations of 9 different agents and treatments.ResultsThe most effective combinations were high in the bone-morphogenic proteins (BMP) 2 and 7 (BMP2, 15mg; BMP7, 5mg), and in osteogenin (150ug). In some of the most effective combinations, electrical stimulation could substitute for osteogenin. Some other effective combinations also included bone marrow aspirate concentrate. BMP2 and BMP7 appear to have the strongest pairwise linkage of the factors analyzed in this study.ConclusionsArtificial neural networks are powerful forms of artificial intelligence that can be applied readily in the orthopaedic domain, but neural network predictions improve along with the amount of data available to train them. This study provides a starting point from which networks trained on future, expanded datasets can be developed. Yet even this initial model makes specific predictions concerning potentially effective combinatorial therapeutics that should be verified experimentally. Furthermore, our analysis provides an avenue for further research into the basic science of bone healing by demonstrating agents that appear to be linked in function.CLINICAL RELEVANCEBone healing is a highly multifactorial process, and it likely could be more effectively enhanced using combinations of factors rather than single factors in isolation. This study provides a starting point for an integration of biomedical experimentation and computational AI that ultimately could lead to highly sophisticated combinatorial treatments for bone repair and other applications in orthopaedic medicine.
Orthorhombic charge density wave on the tetragonal lattice of EuAl4
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sitaram , Kotla Surya Rohith , Rekis Toms , Bao Jin-Ke , Eisele Claudio , Noohinejad Leila , Tolkiehn Martin , Paulmann Carsten , Singh Birender , Verma Rahul , Bag Biplab , Kulkarni Ruta , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Singh Bahadur , Ramakrishnan Srinivasan , van Smaalen Sander 
Published: April 2022

EuAl4 possesses the BaAl4 crystal structure type with tetragonal symmetry I4/mmm. It undergoes a charge density wave (CDW) transition at T
CDW = 145 K and features four consecutive antiferromagnetic phase transitions below 16 K. Here we use single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the incommensurately modulated crystal structure of EuAl4 in its CDW state. The CDW is shown to be incommensurate with modulation wave vector q = (0,0,0.1781 (3)) at 70 K. The symmetry of the incommensurately modulated crystal structure is orthorhombic with superspace group Fmmm(00σ)s00, where Fmmm is a subgroup of I4/mmm of index 2. Both the lattice and the atomic coordinates of the basic structure remain tetragonal. Symmetry breaking is entirely due to the modulation wave, where atoms Eu and Al1 have displacements exclusively along a, while the fourfold rotation would require equal displacement amplitudes along a and b. The calculated band structure of the basic structure and interatomic distances in the modulated crystal structure both indicate the Al atoms as the location of the CDW. The temperature dependence of the specific heat reveals an anomaly at T
CDW = 145 K of a magnitude similar to canonical CDW systems. The present discovery of orthorhombic symmetry for the CDW state of EuAl4 leads to the suggestion of monoclinic instead of orthorhombic symmetry for the third AFM state.
What outcome measures are most useful in measuring the effectiveness of anti-dementia medication in people with intellectual disabilities and dementia?
Authors: Ghazirad Marjan , Hewitt Olivia , Walden Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The use of anti-dementia medication in people with intellectual disabilities has been controversial and requires additional research to assess the efficacy of such medications. An essential part of this treatment (both in terms of research and clinical practice) is having robust outcome measures to assess the efficacy of these medications for individuals. Currently there is no consensus in the UK regarding which outcome measures, in conjunction with clinical judgement, are effective in informing clinicians’ decision-making regarding anti-dementia medication management and this paper aims to present useful outcome measures.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant outcome measures. Outcome measures focused on aspects of patients’ presentation such as cognition, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric presentation or the impact of their presentation (either on themselves, or on others). These outcome measures were critically appraised to ascertain their suitability in informing clinician’s decisions regarding management of anti-dementia medication. The focus of this appraisal was on good quality measures that are practical and accessible and can be easily used within clinical NHS services.

Findings
This paper provides advice for clinicians on using appropriate outcome measures, depending on patients’ presentations and the symptoms of dementia being targeted, that can be used alongside their clinical assessment to enhance their anti-dementia medication management. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the use of such outcome measures.

Originality/value
The case for using a range of assessments that are both broad in focus, and those specifically selected to measure the areas of functioning targeted by the anti-dementia medication, is presented.
A content analysis of Asian countries’ tourism video advertisements: a luxury travel perspective
Authors: Salangsang Louis James , Liwanag Micah Joy , Notorio Paul Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the elements of luxury travel found in YouTube video advertisements uploaded by various National Tourism Offices from 19 selected Asian countries at the onset of Covid-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers used content analysis to systematically analyze the themes among the Asian tourism video advertisements through the lens of the hierarchy of luxury travel needs.

Findings
Thailand and the Philippines showcase the most elements of luxury travel needs (LTNs), featuring five out of the seven components. In fact, Thailand has the highest aggregate featured LTN elements among all countries, with 164 coded references across five components. Exclusivity is the most featured element of the LTN by all Asian countries, except for South Korea and Bhutan whose focus is on authentic experience. Interestingly, product quality standards were not seen in any videos.

Practical implications
Tourism industry decision-makers can use this study in evaluating their promotional plans, developing promotional strategies, crafting future video advertisements and exploring future research in the field of social media, videos and luxury.

Originality/value
The study provides insights and understanding of the current priorities of tourism advertisements. This study’s use of the hierarchy of LTNs provides a novel contribution within the studies in luxury travel, post-pandemic travel and tourism advertisement.
Melting process of PCM with Carreau – Yasuda non-Newtonian behavior in a shell and tube heat exchanger occupied by anisotropic porous medium
Authors: Fadaei Mojtaba , Izadi Mohsen , Assareh Ehsanolah , Ershadi Ali 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the melting process of the phase-change RT-35 material in a shell and tube heat exchanger saturated with a porous medium. Titanium porous media with isotropic and inhomogeneous structures are studied. The considered tubes in the shell and tube exchanger are made of copper with specific thicknesses. The phase-change material has a non-Newtonian behavior and follows the endorsed Carreau–Yasuda Model.

Design/methodology/approach
The enthalpy–porosity method is used for modeling of the melting process. The governing equations were transferred to their dimensionless forms. Finally, the equations are solved by applying the Galerkin finite element method.

Findings
The findings for different values of the relative permeability (K*) and permeability deviation angle (λ) are represented in the forms of charts, streamlines and constant temperature contours. The considerable effects of the relative permeability (K*) and deviation angle (λ) on the flow line patterns of the melting phase-change material are some of the significant achievements of this works.

Originality/value
This study was conducted using data from relevant research articles provided by reputable academic sources. The data included in this manuscript have not been published previously and are not under consideration by any other journal.
Research on the influence of online media reports on earnings management based on the perspective on abnormal investor attention
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Fusheng , Liu Shiyu 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss whether the attention of investors to abnormalities can serve as a mechanism for the influence of online media coverage on earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on Baidu index data of China’s A-share listed companies between 2014 and 2018, this paper studies influencing mechanism of online media reports on earnings management from the perspective on abnormal investor attention.

Findings
The results show that internet media reports can impose pressure on managers of companies by inducing abnormal focus of the public on listed companies and further force the latter to generate more actions on the management of earnings. It is the abnormal rather than normal investor attention that mediates network media reports and earnings management.

Practical implications
This research enriches and refines the theory on influencing mechanism of media effects on earnings management and provides significant empirical evidence for future researches. Meanwhile, the conclusion of the research is of great practical importance for instructing listed firms dealing with media reports, guiding rational investment of investors and intensifying precision regulation of regulators.

Originality/value
By categorizing abnormal investor attention into active spontaneous abnormal attention which is not guided by media report and passive guided abnormal attention which is guided by media reports, the authors clarify the difference between the two categories. The result indicates that it is only the latter that is the influential mechanism of media report on earnings management.
Clinical features of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated bullous pemphigoid in Japan: A nationwide retrospective observational study
Authors: Sugiyama Seiko , Yamamoto Takenobu , Aoyama Yumi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP) have been reported in patients taking dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i), which are the most widely used antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no large‐scale survey has been conducted in Japan. This retrospective study investigated the incidence, clinical presentation, and clinical course of DPP‐4i‐associated BP (DPP‐4i‐BP) using epidemiological data from a nationwide registry for BP. In 2016, 713 new BP patients at 94 dermatological institutes were registered, 243 (34.1%) with DPP‐4i‐BP and 461 (64.7%) with non‐DPP‐4i‐BP. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.9 and 0.84, respectively. Patients with DPP‐4i‐BP were predominantly male. Non‐inflammatory BP was more common in DPP‐4i‐BP (33.3%) than in non‐DPP‐4i‐BP (14.6%), while inflammatory BP was common in both. No specific subtype or difference in disease severity was evident in DPP‐4i‐BP. The most common gliptins administered to DPP‐4i‐BP patients were vildagliptin (37.2%) and linagliptin (23.8%). DPP‐4i intake was discontinued in 79.9% of cases after diagnosis. Some DPP‐4i‐BP patients (17.6%) achieved spontaneous remission after discontinuing DPP‐4i without requiring the use of systemic corticosteroids and/or adjuvant therapy. Mean duration to achieve disease control was 2.87 months. The odds ratio for non‐inflammatory BP requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or adjuvant therapy was low (0.52), suggesting that remission was achieved easily with supportive care in that phenotype. Non‐inflammatory and mild cases of DPP‐4i‐BP may resolve spontaneously with supportive care, including the discontinuation of DPP‐4i and no oral corticosteroid therapy.
Instrumental and sensory techniques to characterize the texture of foods suitable for dysphagic people: A systematic review
Authors: Ibañez Francisco C. , Merino Gorka , Marín‐Arroyo María Remedios , Beriain María José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interest to characterize texture‐modified foods (TMFs) intended for people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has grown significantly since 2011. Several instrumental and sensory techniques have been applied in the analysis of these foods. The objective of the present systematic review was to identify the most appropriate techniques, especially for the food industry and clinical setting. The search was carried out in three online databases according to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses” (PRISMA). Across the multiple trials reviewed, Texture Profile Analysis and the Uniaxial Compression Test were most used as the instrumental technique for solid foods, and the Back Extrusion Test for fluid and semisolid foods. All trials used descriptive analysis as the sensory technique. However, the experimental conditions of the trials lacked standardization. Consequently, the results of the trials were not comparable. To properly characterize the texture of TMFs intended for OD by each technique, an international consensus is needed to establish standardized experimental conditions. Methods based on these techniques should also be validated by collaborative studies to verify repeatability, replicability, and reproducibility.
Salmonella spp. in low water activity food: Occurrence, survival mechanisms, and thermoresistance
Authors: Morasi Rafaela Martins , Rall Vera Lúcia Mores , Dantas Stéfani Thais Alves , Alonso Vanessa Pereira Perez , Silva Nathália Cristina Cirone 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of disease outbreaks involving low‐water‐activity (aw) foods has gained increased prominence due in part to the fact that reducing free water in these foods is normally a measure that controls the growth and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. Salmonella, one of the main bacteria involved in these outbreaks, represents a major public health problem worldwide and in Brazil, which highlights the importance of good manufacturing and handling practices for food quality. The virulence of this pathogen, associated with its high ability to persist in the environment, makes Salmonella one of the main challenges for the food industry. The objectives of this article are to present the general characteristics, virulence, thermoresistance, control, and relevance of Salmonella in foodborne diseases, and describe the so‐called low‐water‐activity foods and the salmonellosis outbreaks involving them.
Influence of Gas Hydrate on the Acoustic Properties of Sediment: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on Experimental Measurements
Authors: ZHANG Qi , LIU Xin , HE Tao , LU Hailong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, natural gas hydrate has attracted increasing attention worldwide as a potential alternative energy source due to its attributes of wide distribution, large reserves, and low carbon. Since the acoustic characteristics of hydrate‐bearing reservoirs clearly differ from those of adjacent formations, an acoustic approach, using seismic and acoustic logging, is one of the most direct, effective and widely used methods among the identification and characterization techniques for hydrate reservoir exploration. This review of research on the influence of hydrate (content and distribution) on the acoustic properties (velocity and attenuation) of sediments in the past two decades includes experimental studies based on different hydrate formation methods and measurements, as well as rock physics models. The main problems in current research are also pointed out and future prospects discussed.
Dupal Anomaly and Identification using Nd‐Hf Isotopes
Authors: TIAN Ye , XU Jifeng , LIU Xijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Dupal anomaly has attracted widespread attention since being discovered and is regarded as the most direct manifestation of mantle inhomogeneity at present. From the initially defined anomalies limited to the southern hemisphere to the global scale, the criteria for identifying anomalies defined by Pb isotopes have also been adjusted, providing an important method and reference for the study of the mantle evolution. Pearce and Peate (1995) proposed the method of Nd‐Hf isotope and element ratio to identify the Dupal anomaly. The Nd‐Hf method also offers a possible way to discriminate the mantle region of arc magmatism through the correction of Nd in the subduction process. This paper introduces the concepts and determination methods of the Dupal anomaly, and reports new Hf isotopic data of MORB‐type rocks with Dupal signature in the several Tethys ophiolites. Our results of Nd‐Hf method are in good agreement with those of previous Pb isotope identification. Moreover, origins and their controversy of Dupal anomaly are reviewed, and possible internal connections between Dupal anomalies and the two Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) in the lower mantle are discussed in depth. Further studies on origin and evolution of the Dupal anomaly are suggested, especially using integrated approach of Hf‐Nd and Pb isotopes.