bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK: What do we know so far?
Authors: Harrop Emily , Selman Lucy 
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been a devastating mass bereavement event, with measures to control the virus leading to unprecedented changes to end-of-life and mourning practices. In this review we consider the research evidence on the experiences of people bereaved during the pandemic. We summarise key findings reported in the first five publications from our UK-based Bereavement during COVID-19 study, drawing comparisons with available evidence from other studies of bereavement during the pandemic. We summarise these findings across three main topics: experiences at the end of life and in early bereavement; coping and informal support during the pandemic; and access to bereavement and mental health services. The synthesis demonstrates the exceptional challenges of pandemic bereavement, including high levels of disruption to end-of-life care, dying and mourning practices as well as to people’s social networks and usual coping mechanisms. We identified considerable needs for emotional, therapeutic and informal support among bereaved people, compounded by significant difficulties in receiving and accessing such support. We provide evidence-based recommendations for improving people’s experiences of bereavement and access to support at all levels.
Lidar-derived aerosol concentration and their relationship with horizontal winds over an urban location
Authors: RAJ P. ERNEST , DEVARA P.C.S. , MAHESKUMAR R. S. , PANDITHURAI G. , DANI K.K. 
Published: January 2022

Lidar-derived aerosol vertical profiles obtained at Pune, a low latitude tropical station, on about 535 days during a ten-year period (1987 – 96) along with simultaneous pilot-balloon wind (speed and direction) data of India Meteorological Department, Pune have been used in the study to investigate the influence of horizontal winds on the aerosol characteristics in the lower atmosphere. Aerosol column content in the atmospheric boundary layer (surface to 1100 m altitude above ground-level) as well as aerosol number density at the surface level (at 50 m) showed relatively higher values over the lidar site whenever the winds were blowing from the main urban and industrial regions of the city of Pune. This effect was found to be more pronounced during the winter season. Wind speeds also correlate well with increased aerosol loading, but only during selected high wind speed episodes. Thus the study shows that the short- and long-term increases in aerosol concentration/loading over the observation site are, to a large extent, influenced by horizontal winds in the surface layers and this in turn, can be attributed to the increasing human/urban activity around the lidar site over the years.
On forecasting cyclone movement using TOVS data
Authors: SURESH R. , RENGARAJAN S. 
Published: January 2022

The tracks of three cyclonic storms over Bay of Bengal and one over Arabian Sea during 1998 have been analysed using the TOVS data received at Chennai from NOAA satellites. Midtropospheric warmness between 700 and 400 hPa levels which protrudes about 300 to 700 km ahead of the storm acts as precursor to foreshadow the storm movement and predict the landfall about 6 to 24 hrs in advance. This technique has successfully predicted even the peculiar southward movement of Bay storm (28 November to 7 December, 1996).
Intra-seasonal variation of surface air temperature in Nepal Himalayas
Authors: UENO KENICHI , POKHREL ADARSHA  P. 
Published: January 2022

Intra-seasonal variation of surface air temperature observed by the automatic weather station at Syangpoche in Khumbu region, Nepal Himalayas, is analyzed. In the monsoon season, temperature was nearly constant with large decrease in insolation due to monsoon clouds. On the other hand, large intra-seasonal variation existed in the winter with increase in temperature associated with passing synoptic scale high-pressure system which disturb local circulation pattern as well as decrease in temperature due to the nighttime strong radiative cooling under the condition of snow covers. Monsoon clouds and deep valley system caused unique surface temperature variation.
On variability of total ozone derived from TOVS data over peninsular Indian sub-continent and adjoining oceanic area
Authors: SURESH R. 
Published: January 2022

The total ozone derived from TOVS data from NOAA 12 satellite through one step physical retrieval algorithm of International TOVS Processing Package (ITPP) version 5.0 has been used to identify its diurnal, monthly, latitudinal and longitudinal variability during 1998 over the domain Equator to 26° N / 60-100° E. The linkage of maximum total ozone with warmer tropopause and lower stratosphere has been re-established. The colder upper tropospheric temperature which is normally associated with maximum ozone concentration throughout the year elsewhere in the world has also been identified in this study but the relationship gets reversed during southwest monsoon months(June-September) over the domain considered. The moisture available in abundance in the lower troposphere gets precipitated due to the convective instability prevailing in the atmosphere during monsoon season and very little moisture is only available for vertical transport into the upper troposphere atop 500 hPa. The latent heat released by the precipitation processes warms up the middle and upper atmosphere. The warm and dry upper troposphere could be the reason for less depletion of ozone in the upper troposphere during monsoonal months and this is supported by the positive correlation coefficient prevailing in monsoon season between total ozone and upper tropospheric (aloft 300 hPa) temperature. The warmness in middle and upper troposphere which is associated with less depletion and/or production of more ozone in the upper troposphere may perhaps contribute for the higher total ozone during monsoon months than in other seasons over peninsular Indian region. The minimum concentration is observed during January (226 DU) over 6° N and the maximum (283DU) over 18° N during August. Longitudinal variability is less pronounced than the latitudinal variability.
A comparative study of temperatures of direct sunlight and air temperatures in a standard screen measured at Doha International Airport - a pilot study
Authors: MODAWAI OMAR SULIEMAN , MULLA ALI HAMID AL- , RAO P. GOVINDA 
Published: January 2022

An observational campaign was conducted at Doha International Airport, Arabian Gulf to find out difference between air temperature in a standard screen and direct sunlight. Hourly observations recorded during July-August 1998 and June-August 1999 formed the basis of the study. Difference between screen temperature (ST) and outside temperature (OT) in respect of all hourly data in the above period from 0600 to 1800 hrs of local time have been computed and analysed. In order to examine the difference before sunrise and after sunset, observations were also made during 1900-0500 hrs of local time from 1st to 18th of July 1998. Results of the study revealed that the magnitude of the differences between OT and ST is not as high as expected. The highest difference observed was 5.1° C on 16th July 1999 at 0900 hr. As anticipated, the temperature of direct sunlight between 0600 hr and 1700 hr were always higher than the screen temperature. However, after 0500 pm of local time, the screen temperatures are found to be higher than outside temperature though the sunset time in these months are after 0600 pm. The mean difference between ST and DT in June, July and August respectively found to be 1.43° C, 1.53° C and 1.67° C. The highest difference observed in these months was 3.8° C, 5.1° C and 4.1° C respectively. The study has also indicated that the difference between OT and ST is generally higher during 0900-1000 hrs of local time and lower during two hours before sunrise and sunset.
The US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scoring Change: A Survey of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants From the 2019 to 2020 Match Cycle
Authors: Arguello Alexandra M. , Edwards Diep N. , Cohn Matthew R. , Johnson Michael D. , Ames S. Elizabeth , Avedian Raffi S. , Ponce Brent A. , Kogan Monica 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The USMLE Step 1 examination has been used as an objective measure for comparing residency applicants. Recently, the National Board of Medical Examiners and the Federation of State Medical Boards decided that the USMLE Step 1 examination will transition to a pass/fail result starting no earlier than 2022. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspective of medical students who applied for orthopaedic surgery residency positions during the 2019 to 2020 interview cycle on the USMLE scoring change, and the potential effect this change may result in for future applicants and the residency selection process.

Methods:
A 15-item anonymous web-based survey was sent to 1,090 orthopaedic surgery residency applicants from four regionally diverse residency programs. The survey elicited attitudes toward the transition of the Step 1 examination to pass/fail and perspectives this change may or may not have on the residency selection process.

Results:
Responses were received from 356 applicants (32.7%). The majority (61.6%) disagreed with the change to pass/fail scoring, and 68.5% do not believe that the change will decrease stress levels in medical students. For interview invitations, respondents chose Step 2 clinical knowledge, letters of recommendation, and performance on away rotations as the most influential factors in the absence of a Step 1 score.

Conclusion:
Most of the students surveyed who applied for an orthopaedic surgery residency position during the most recent application cycle disagreed with the National Board of Medical Examiner/Federation of State Medical Board decision to change Step 1 to pass/fail and feel that this change may have disadvantage in certain student groups while either increasing or having no effect on medical student stress.

Level of Evidence:
IV
Building and measuring e-learning scale from the point of view of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad
Authors: Dhuha Hadi  , Widad Kadhum  
Published: January 2022

مستخلص البحث :
في مقدمة البحث واهميته تطرقت الباحثتان الى واقع التعلم الالكتروني باعتباره احد الانماط الجديدة لتعويض التوقف الذي رافق العملية التعليمية نتيجة الازمات التي يمر بها العالم في ظل انتشار جائحة كورونا اذ دعت الحاجة الى الاستمرار في العملية التعليمية لتعزيز المشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين من خلال المنصات الالكترونية لتجاوز العصوبات والتحديات التي تواجه العملية التعليمية , اما مشكلة البحث فتبلورت من خلال التعرف على واقع التعلم الالكتروني و دوره الفعال في تعزيز التواصل والمشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين واقتراح افضل السبل للتطوير و الوقوف على المعوقات التي تواجه الطلبة وماهي نقاط القوة لتدعيمها و نقاط الضعف للوقوف عليها واقتراح المعالجات , وهدف البحث الى بناء مقياس لواقع التعلم الالكتروني و التعرف على واقع التعلم الالكتروني و دوره في تعزيز التواصل و المشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين من وجه نظر طلبة التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة – جامعة بغداد , وقد افترضت الباحثتان وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين استجابات طلبة كلية التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة – جامعة بغداد, اما في منهجية البحث فقد استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي كونه الأكثر ملاءمةً لطبيعة المشكلة وأهداف البحث ,و تم تحديد مجتمع البحث بطلبة كلية التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة ( جادرية – وزيرية ) / جامعة بغداد و البالغ عددهم (2293) طالباً و طالبة ويمثلون المراحل الدراسية في الكلية , اما اجراءات البحث فتكمن في اجراءات بناء المقياس وعرضه على عينة البناء و التطبيق , وبعد تحليل البيانات احصائيا. وبعد عرض و تحليل النتائج و مناقشتها , توصلت الباحثتان الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من اهمها , اظهرت النتائج مستويات جيدة في مجالات واقع التعلم الالكتروني , وجود فروق معنوية بين استجابات الطلبة في مقياس الواقع التعلم الالكتروني , وقد خرجن بعدت توصيات اهمها الاهتمام بالتعلم الالكتروني كبديل عن التعلم الحضوري في ازمة كورونا , اجراء دراسات مشابهة باستخدام مقياس وداد كاظم الزهيري- ضحى هادي امين لقياس (واقع التعلم الالكتروني) مع بعض الاختبارات و المقاييس على عينات مختلفة.
Análises das concentrações de açúcares, cloreto de sódio e sódio nas águas de coco in natura e industrializadas comercializadas em governador valadares-mg
Authors: Soares Brenda Da Silva , Caroline Souza Vieira Neves  , Ana Clara De Alvarenga Morais  , Anderson Ferreira Vilela  , Eloísa Helena Medeiros Cunha  
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Água de coco é a bebida não diluída, não fermentada, obtida da parte líquida do fruto do coqueiro, por meio de processo tecnológico adequado. O coco é uma das frutas mais populares do Brasil, no país o fruto tem utilização agroindustrial e culinária, através do albúmen sólido e também em sua forma in natura. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de açúcares, sal (cloreto de sódio) e sódio em amostras de águas de coco in natura e industrializadas e compará-las com o descrito na legislação, assim como, as industrializadas com a rotulagem nutricional. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico do tipo experimental qualitativo e quantitativo. Realizando análises de glicídios redutores em glicose e glicídios não redutores em sacarose, glicídios totais, cloreto de sódio e sódio. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software estatístico R versão 3.4.1. Resultados: Verificou-se com o estudo que em relação a legislação, todas as amostras de água de coco (in natura e industrializadas) estavam dentro dos padrões vigentes para todas as análises realizadas, contudo, as rotulagens nutricionais não apresentaram os valores condizentes com os valores das análises e apresentaram quantidade superiores de açúcar em comparação com as águas in natura. Conclusão: Destacando a importância dos rótulos pois eles oferecem informações nutricionais, dos ingredientes utilizados na fabricação, para melhor escolha do produto.

Coconut water is the undiluted, unfermented beverage obtained from the liquid part of the coconut tree fruit, through an appropriate technological process. Coconut is one of the most popular fruits in Brazil, in the country the fruit has agro-industrial and culinary use, through solid albumen and also in its in natura form. The present study aimed to evaluate the contents of sugars, salt (sodium chloride) and sodium in samples of fresh and industrialized coconut waters and compare them with those described in the legislation, as well as those industrialized with nutritional labeling. An analytical study of qualitative and quantitative experimental type was carried out. Performing analyses of reducing glycides in glucose and non-reducing glycides in sucrose, total glycides, sodium chloride and sodium. Statistical software R version 3.4.1 was used for data analysis. It was verified with the study that in relation to the legislation, all samples of coconut water (fresh and industrialized) were within the current standards for all analyses performed, however, nutritional labels did not present the values consistent with the values of the analyses and presented higher amounts of sugar compared to fresh waters. Highlighting the importance of labels because they offer nutritional information, of the ingredients used in manufacturing, for better product choice.
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT RATIO, NET PROFIT MARGIN, AND RETURN ON ASSETS ON STOCK RETURN
Authors: Siti Aminah Laila 
Published: January 2022

Individuals and corporations investing in stocks should make sure the investments are appropriate before proceeding. It's also possible to use basic research or company performance as a substitute for investment appraisals. An investigation of the relationship between stock return and a company's current ratio, net profit margin, and return on assets was the primary goal of this research project (Study of Food and Beverages Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2017 Period). From 2015 to 2017, there were 21 Food and Beverage firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange that were studied in this study. Purposive sampling was used to gather samples from 12 different Food and Beverage firms for this study. The SPSS 15 program was used to do multiple linear regression analysis on the data. The results of this study indicate that (1) Current Ratio (CR) with tstatistic = -2,244 and a significance value of 0,032 has a significant effect on stock returns; (2) Net Profit Margin (NPM) with tstatistic = -2,364 and a significance value of 0,024 has a significant effect on stock returns; (3) Return on Assets (ROA) with tstatistic = 3,984 and a significance value of 0,000 has a positive and significant effect on the value of stock returns.
PENGARUH RESISTANCE BAND EXERCISE TERHADAP POWER OTOT ATLET MUAY THAI
Authors: Persadanta Persadanta , Sukendro Sukendro , Rasyono Rasyono 
Published: January 2022

Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian mengunakan rancangan One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design yaitu untuk mengetahui variabel bebas dan terikat. Adapun yang menjadi variabel bebas adalah latihan resistance band excercise sedangkan yang menjadi variabel terikat adalah hasil power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Berdasarkan analisis data, diketahui bahwa hasil resistance band exercise terhadap peningkatan hasil power otot lengan atlet Muay Thai Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Pada tes awal putra hasil two hand medicine ball rata-rata 12,266 Meter dan setelah diberikan latihan resistance band terdapat peningkatan hasil two hand medicine ball menjadi rata-rata 24,06 Meter. Sedangkan pada tes awal putri hasil two hand medicine ball rata-rata 6,85 Meter dan setelah diberikan latihan resistance band terdapat peningkatan hasil two hand medicine ball menjadi rata-rata 13,51 Meter. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan resistance band exercise dapat meningkatkan hasil power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Kesimpulan di dukung hasil uji-t untuk putra yaitu di peroleh nilai Thitung sebesar 34,24 dan nilai Ttabelsebesar1,83311 sedangkan uji-t untuk putriya itu di peroleh nilaiThitungsebesar 3,15 dan nilai Ttabelsebesar1,83311 . Hal ini berarti hipotesis penelitian diterima pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Dengan demikian maka dapat di pahami bahwa penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh resistance band exercise terhadap peningkatan power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PERMAINAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI
Authors: Dos Santos Hezron Alhim , Hudain Adnan 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) Oleh karena itu, yang menjadi populasi ini adalah siswa-siswi Sekolah Dasar yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengujian terbatas dilakukan di 3 sekolah dengan 6 sampai 12 subjek. Selanjutnya untuk diuji coba lapangan utama (main field testing) dilakukan pada 5 sampai dengan 15 sekolah dengan menggunakan 30 sampai dengan 100 sampel. Pengembangan model yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini secara umum melalui dua tahap pengujian yaitu pengujian internal dan pengujian eksternal. Setelah melakukan pengujian internal yang diwujudkan dengan validasi ahli melalui wawancara maka produk yang akan dikembangkan dapat disusun. Model Pembelajaran berbasis Permainan mengembangkan prinsip permainan dengan merangsang keinginan melakukan aktivitas fisik yang sistematis dan terarah dan senang untuk peserta didik. Permainan Jam Kebugaran perlu melibatkan seluruh siswa dalam setiap perannya agar semua siswa dapat bergerak aktif dalam permainan ini dan Permaian Bola Berantai menggunakan bola sebanyak 10 agar setiap peserta didik dapat melakukan gerakan latihan otot perut dengan maksimal.
APPLICATION OF LEARNING VARIATIONS TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE FOREHAND DRIVE TABLE TENNIS GAME IN CLASS STUDENTS VIII JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MEDAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019
Authors: Keliat Pedomanta 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes forehand drive table tennis drives in class VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Medan Academic Year 2018/2019 through Learning Variations This research is a classroom action research. The study was conducted in two cycles, with data analysis techniques used in this study were descriptive based on qualitative analysis with the percentage: (1) From the test results of learning before using variations of learning obtained 27 students (90%) who have not reached the level of mastery learning , while 3 students (10%) have reached the level of mastery learning. Then learning is done using variations in learning (2) from the test of learning outcomes through learning variation in the first cycle obtained 14 students (46.67%) who reached the level of mastery learning, while 16 students (53.33%) have not reached the level of mastery learning. With an average value of 70.9. Then the learning variation (3) from the second learning achievement test in the second cycle contained 21 students (70%) who reached the level of mastery learning, while 9 students (30%) had not reached the level of mastery learning, with an average value of 8. Based on Data analysis can be said that through the variety of learning can improve learning outcomes in Table Tennis Forehand Drive in VIII grade students of Muhammadiyah Middle School 3 Medan Academic Year 2018/2019.
Study and Feasibility of a Flat Collector Cooker using Vegetal Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Kalifa Palm , Arouna Kabore , Boukaré Ouedraogo , Roland Lankouande , Oumar Sanogo , Dieudonné Bathiebo Joseph , Siaka Toure , Belkacem Zeghmati 
Published: January 2022

Solar cookers currently produced are solar systems that use parabolic heat transfer to concentrate sun rays on a cooker. The new trend is focus on the cooker that uses a flat collector operating as a thermosiphon where the heat transfer fluid (oil) flows by natural convection. They are developed to address household needs at a lower cost, making them popular both in terms of research and use. Some of vegetable oils were previously investigated and which could be used as heat transfer fluids in such systems. A digital study using vegetable oil called "Kibi oil", an artisanal oil produced in Côte d’Ivoire, as a coolant, was conducted under poor weather conditions to calculate temperatures that could be reached in these cases. In the Sahelian zone, conditions are much better than these, and we can expect fairly excellent results.
This study focused on temperature variation at different areas (1, 2, 3 and 4 specified in the diagram) of the cooker, on the mass flow of the fluid throughout the study day and to some quantities which enable to follow the performance of the solar collector of the stove. Sunlight measurements used are those of the city of Abidjan made in September, a very cloudy day with poor weather conditions. Temperature T3, very close to that of the hot plate, was around 110 °C between 10:30 am and 12:30 pm, which enables to cook certain dishes during this period. It should be noticed that at the exit of the flat panel collector, over the same period, the temperature is around 120 ° C. At that same time, the collector efficiency varies around 30%.