bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of luminescence characteristics of LYSO:Ce scintillator under x-ray excitation
Authors: Yan Weipeng , Li Binkang , Duan Baojun , Song Guzhou , Song Yan , Ma Jiming 
Published: June 2022

Temperature dependence of the luminescence characteristics of Lu1.84Y0.16SiO5:Ce (LYSO:Ce) scintillator was investigated under x-ray excitation. The luminescence decay time, light yield, radioluminescence (RL) spectra, spatial resolution, and luminescence homogeneity from 300 to 550 K are experimentally examined with multiple x-ray facilities. The results show that the decay time and light output of the LYSO:Ce scintillator will decrease from 42 to 1.89 ns and from 32 000 to 1120 photons/MeV with a temperature increase from 300 to 550 K, respectively. The RL spectrum experiments demonstrate that the spectrum peak will move from 414 to 426 nm when adjusting the temperature from 300 to 550 K. The spatial resolution experiments show that the spatial resolution is hardly affected and can reach as high as 2.5 lp/mm when increasing the temperature from 300 to 550 K, and the luminescence homogeneity remains unchanged with increase in temperature. The experimental results provide important information for the radiation imaging application of the LYSO:Ce scintillator.
Optical parametric wideband frequency modulation
Authors: Ishimura Shota , Takahashi Hidenori , Tsuritani Takehiro , Suzuki Masatoshi 
Published: June 2022

Various types of photonic applications, such as sensing and communication, require the generation of wideband optical frequency-modulated (FM) signals. However, generating a wideband FM signal beyond the electrical bandwidth limitation of optical modulators is difficult. Here, we propose a method to increase the bandwidths of optical FM signals by using the cascaded four-wave-mixing (FWM) process and show its potential in two applications. We first demonstrate 11-fold bandwidth expansion of frequency-modulated continuous-wave signals (from 5 to 55 GHz), beyond the optical modulator bandwidth. Next, we demonstrate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement for analog communication. The SNR of an analog signal can be increased by ∼12.8 dB using the proposed method. These results show the potential of the proposed method for sensing and communication applications. In addition, the proposed concept opens new possibilities in parametric FWM applications.
An adaptive direction-assisted test for microbiome compositional data
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Aiyi , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Guanjie , Li Qizhai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationMicrobial communities have been shown to be associated with many complex diseases, such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The identification of differentially abundant taxa is clinically important. It can help understand the pathology of complex diseases, and potentially provide preventive and therapeutic strategies. Appropriate differential analyses for microbiome data are challenging due to its unique data characteristics including compositional constraint, excessive zeros and high dimensionality. Most existing approaches either ignore these data characteristics or only account for the compositional constraint by using log-ratio transformations with zero observations replaced by a pseudocount. However, there is no consensus on how to choose a pseudocount. More importantly, ignoring the characteristic of excessive zeros may result in poorly powered analyses and therefore yield misleading findings.ResultsWe develop a novel microbiome-based direction-assisted test for the detection of overall difference in microbial relative abundances between two health conditions, which simultaneously incorporates the characteristics of relative abundance data. The proposed test (i) divides the taxa into two clusters by the directions of mean differences of relative abundances and then combines them at cluster level, in light of the compositional characteristic; and (ii) contains a burden type test, which collapses multiple taxa into a single one to account for excessive zeros. Moreover, the proposed test is an adaptive procedure, which can accommodate high-dimensional settings and yield high power against various alternative hypotheses. We perform extensive simulation studies across a wide range of scenarios to evaluate the proposed test and show its substantial power gain over some existing tests. The superiority of the proposed approach is further demonstrated with real datasets from two microbiome studies.Availability and implementationAn R package for MiDAT is available at https://github.com/zhangwei0125/MiDAT.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DeepLUCIA: predicting tissue-specific chromatin loops using Deep Learning-based Universal Chromatin Interaction Annotator
Authors: Yang Dongchan , Chung Taesu , Kim Dongsup 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationThe importance of chromatin loops in gene regulation is broadly accepted. There are mainly two approaches to predict chromatin loops: transcription factor (TF) binding-dependent approach and genomic variation-based approach. However, neither of these approaches provides an adequate understanding of gene regulation in human tissues. To address this issue, we developed a deep learning-based chromatin loop prediction model called Deep Learning-based Universal Chromatin Interaction Annotator (DeepLUCIA).ResultsAlthough DeepLUCIA does not use TF binding profile data which previous TF binding-dependent methods critically rely on, its prediction accuracies are comparable to those of the previous TF binding-dependent methods. More importantly, DeepLUCIA enables the tissue-specific chromatin loop predictions from tissue-specific epigenomes that cannot be handled by genomic variation-based approach. We demonstrated the utility of the DeepLUCIA by predicting several novel target genes of SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies targeting Brugada syndrome, COVID-19 severity and age-related macular degeneration.Availability and implementationDeepLUCIA is freely available at https://github.com/bcbl-kaist/DeepLUCIA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Adrenergic signaling regulation of macrophage function: do we understand it yet?
Authors: Freire Beatriz Marton , de Melo Filipe Menegatti , Basso Alexandre S 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMacrophages are immune cells that are widespread throughout the body and critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity allows them to acquire different phenotypes, becoming able either to fight infection (M1-like, classically activated macrophages) or to promote tissue remodeling and repair (M2-like, alternatively activated macrophages). These phenotypes are induced by different cues present in the microenvironment. Among the factors that might regulate macrophage activation are mediators produced by different branches of the nervous system. The regulation exerted by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on macrophages (and the immune system in general) is becoming a subject of increasing interest, indeed a great number of articles have been published lately. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and adrenaline) activate α and β adrenergic receptors expressed by macrophages and shape the effector functions of these cells in contexts as diverse as the small intestine, the lung, or the adipose tissue. Activation of different subsets of receptors seems to produce antagonistic effects, with α adrenergic receptors generally associated with pro-inflammatory functions and β adrenergic receptors (particularly β2) related to the resolution of inflammation and tissue remodeling. However, exceptions to this paradigm have been reported, and the factors contributing to these apparently contradictory observations are still far from being completely understood. Additionally, macrophages per se seem to be sources of catecholamines, which is also a subject of some debate. In this review, we discuss how activation of adrenergic receptors modulates macrophage effector functions and its implications for inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis.
P07 PCT-targeted ward rounds to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in medical admissions with suspicion of respiratory tract infections
Authors: Hearsey Daniel , Powell Neil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a common reason for antibiotics with unnecessary antibiotic prescribing common because of the difficulties differentiating viral, bacterial and non-infectious mimics of LRTIs (e.g. heart failure) due to similar clinical signs and symptoms.1 Studies of procalcitonin (PCT)- guided antimicrobial stewardship in managing RTI (including community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute bronchitis, exacerbation of asthma and sepsis with a suspected respiratory tract infection) in various healthcare settings (primary care, emergency departments, hospital wards and ICUs) have shown it to reduce antibiotic exposure and antibiotic associated side effects without impacting treatment failure, hospital length of stay or negatively impacting on mortality.2 PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship aims to augment clinical decision-making. We wanted to see whether we could use PCT-guided stewardship to safely stop antibiotics in patients with an RTI diagnosis in those with low severity disease and where bacterial infection looks an unlikely cause for the presenting symptoms.3

Methods
An automated daily Excel report sent via e-mail to the antimicrobial pharmacists identified patients with a PCT result and presented the date and levels for PCT, CRP, WBC, any prescribed antibiotics and ward location. Patients with a serum PCT level (&lt;0.25 μg/L) and prescribed respiratory antibiotics were reviewed by one of the antimicrobial pharmacists. All available pathology and radiological results were reviewed on the ward with the patient's clinical signs and symptoms and illness acuity to determine the likelihood of a bacterial cause for symptoms and the risk of early antibiotic cessation. Cases were discussed with the medical team and antibiotics stopped if consensus was achieved. Mortality at 30 days was collected retrospectively for all patients.

Results
Between June 2020 and January 2022, 120 patients with low PCT and on respiratory antibiotics were reviewed. Antibiotics were stopped in 40 patients (33%). Two patients in the early antibiotic cessation group died within 30 days, both of not infectious causes. By comparison, 11 patients in the continuation group died within 30 days.

Conclusions
Pharmacist-delivered PCT ward rounds in patients with a clinical suspicion of respiratory infections successfully reduced inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing without negatively impacting 30 day mortality.
P10 Biomarker Driven Antifungal Stewardship in Acute Leukaemia (BioDriveAFS)—a multicentre randomized controlled trial to assess clinical and cost effectiveness
Authors: Taynton Thomas , Parker Adwoa , Flett Lydia , Laycock Joanne , Newman Joanne , Fairhurst Caroline , Hope William , Lillie Patrick , Tharmanathan Puvanendran , Corbacho Belén , Sheard Laura , Hilton Andrea , Gandhi Shreyans , Gray Hannah , Guise Tracey , Sneddon Jacqui , Torgerson David , Allsup David , Barlow Gavin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The BioDriveAFS trial aims to investigate whether a biomarker-based antifungal stewardship strategy is superior to a prophylactic antifungal strategy, including existing standard of care, in reducing antifungal therapy use in patients with acute leukaemia, without impacting health-related quality of life at 12 months. The trial will be commencing in the UK in 2022 and aims to recruit 500 patients across 40 sites. We hypothesized that a biomarker-led monitoring approach would be non-inferior to the standard of care approach utilizing antifungal prophylaxis.

Patients and methods
Patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia who are planned to have intensive chemotherapy will be randomly allocated to one of two arms. The biomarker arm will consist of twice-weekly galactomannan and β-d-glucan until the end of intensive chemotherapy; positive biomarker results, neutropenic fever non-responsive to broad-spectrum antibacterials, or clinical suspicion will lead to investigation for potential invasive fungal infection as per international guidelines. Patients with proven or probable invasive fungal infection (IFI), as per the consensus definitions, will receive therapeutic antifungals, whereas those with possible or no IFI will have antifungals withheld. The control arm consists of local standard-of-care antifungal prophylaxis, including mould-active, without regular biomarker monitoring.

Results
Primary outcome measures are exposure to therapeutic antifungal therapy and patient quality of life at 12 months versus baseline. Secondary outcome measures include total antifungal exposure, adverse events and complications, proven and probable IFI and treatment outcome, overall survival, all-cause mortality and IFI-related mortality. Resource use to determine cost-effectiveness and antifungal resistance in fungi will also be measured.

Funding
The trial is funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technological Assessment Programme (NIHR132674) and supported by BSAC.
P15 What is the value of direct-from-blood culture ASTs in the study of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics during bacteraemia?
Authors: Akbi Samar , Ahmed Nassim , Aggoune Nadjet , Zerouki Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the results obtained with direct-from-blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) for the study of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics during bacteraemia.

Material and methods
This was a prospective study in which 124 direct ASTs were performed directly from positive blood cultures according to the CLSI technique using Mueller–Hinton CHROMagar Orientation medium. Twenty-one antibiotics were tested. The resulting diameters were read after 8 h and 18 h of incubation and interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints. Thus, a standard AST was performed and interpreted for all isolated strains according to CLSI recommendations. The results were analysed by calculating the rates of categorical agreements (CA) and disagreements represented by minor errors (mE), major errors (ME) and very major errors (VME).

Results
One hundred and twenty-four strains were isolated, including Escherichia coli (26; 20.97%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25; 20.16%) and SCN (21; 16.94%). More than half of the isolates (69; 55.65%) were MDR bacteria. It was found that the overall percentage CA (%CA) obtained at 18 h (94.43%) was higher than the one obtained at 8 h (87.32%). Disagreement rates obtained at 8 h and 18 h remain acceptable. The best %CA was obtained with non-fermenting GNB (98.74%) and the lowest with Staphylococcus species (90.70%). For Enterobacteriaceae, an excellent overall %CA (94.32%) was found at 18 h with 96.3% for CTX, 95.38% for ETP, 95.31% for CRO and 92.19% for MEM. Lower rates were noted with IPM (88.71%), CAZ (87.5%) and CIP (85.71%); due to mE for CAZ (12.5%) and mE and ME for IPM (9.68% mE; 1.85% ME) and CIP (12.7% mE; 3.23% ME). Particular attention should be given to clindamycin and teicoplanin tested with Staphylococcus species as they record low categorical agreements at 8 h and 18 h.

Conclusions
The encouraging results obtained at 18 h suggest a possible future implementation of the direct-from-blood culture AST as a routine technique for studying susceptibility to antibiotics during bacteraemia. However, the standard AST remains the reference technique.
Validation of RapidChek®Campylobacter Test System for the Detection of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in Poultry Samples: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 052201
Authors: Gonzalez Verapaz , Juck Gregory , Sutzko Meredith , Muldoon Mark T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter infections are most often associated with the consumption of raw milk, undercooked poultry, and contaminated water.

Objective
The RapidChek®Campylobacter test system (PTM number 052201) was validated for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in raw ground chicken, chicken carcass rinse, and turkey carcass sponges.

Methods
The method uses a proprietary enrichment medium. Following aerobic enrichment, an immunochromatographic test strip is inserted into the tube containing the enrichment, developed for 20 min, and interpreted. Campylobacter-inoculated food samples were tested by the method, as well as the USDA/FSIS cultural reference method; Isolation and Identification of Campylobacter jejuni/coli/lari from Poultry Rinse, Sponge and Raw Product Samples MLG 41.04. The candidate method was also confirmed by an alternative cultural method. The RapidChek method was tested with 50 Campylobacter strains comprised of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, and 30 non-target strains.

Results
A total of 80 low-level spiked samples were tested by both methods in the study. The candidate method yielded 49 presumptive positives: all presumptive results were confirmed culturally. The reference method produced a total of 41 confirmed positive results. No difference between the alternate confirmation method and reference confirmation method was observed. Probability of detection analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the number of positive samples detected by the candidate method and cultural reference method. The RapidChek method detected all 50 Campylobacter strains and none of the 30 non-target strains, including Campylobacter spp. other than C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari.

Conclusion
The candidate method performed as well as the reference method in the detection of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in raw ground chicken, chicken carcass rinse, and turkey carcass sponges.

Highlights
Aerobic enrichment of selected matrixes for 48 h yielded reliable presumptive results for Campylobacter.
Frameless stereotactic brain biopsy and external ventricular drainage placement using the RONNA G4 system
Authors: Raguž Marina , Dlaka Domagoj , Orešković Darko , Kaštelančić Anđelo , Chudy Darko , Jerbić Bojan , Šekoranja Bojan , Šuligoj Filip , Švaco Marko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Robot-assisted stereotactic procedures are among the latest technological improvements in neurosurgery. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we report a first external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement using the RONNA G4 robotic system preformed together with brain biopsy, all in one procedure. A patient was presented with progressive drowsiness, cognitive slowing, poor mobility and incontinent. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans revealed multicentric process located in the basal ganglia right with extensive vasogenic edema and dilatated ventricular system. Using the RONNAplan software two trajectories were planned: one for brain biopsy on the left side and one for EVD implantation on the right side; the procedures went without complications. The RONNA G4 robotic system is an accurate neurosurgical tool for performing frameless brain biopsies and EVD placement. Further studies are needed in order to enroll a larger patient sample and to calculate the possible placement deviation, and to perform the comparison with other robotic systems.
Intussusception in the ascending colon caused by cecal chronic diverticulitis: a case report
Authors: Oyama Tabito , Akagi Tomonori , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Amano Shota , Fujishima Hajime , Kawano Yoko , Kono Yohei , Suzuki Kosuke , Ninomiya Shigeo , Shibata Tomotaka , Ueda Yoshitake , Shiraishi Norio , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although intussusception in adults generally results from malignant tumors and polyps, intussusception caused by chronic diverticulitis is extremely rare. We present the case of a 59-year-old man treated with steroids and biopharmaceuticals at the Department of Dermatology for psoriasis vulgaris. Cecal diverticulitis frequently recurred, for which he was treated during follow-up. This time, endoscopy showed a circumferential stenosis in the ascending colon, and computed tomography showed the appearance of a target sign in the right colon. As a result, the patient was preoperatively diagnosed as having intussusception of the ascending colon triggered by diverticulitis of the cecum and underwent laparoscopic right colectomy. Pathological findings of the specimen revealed multiple diverticulitis of the cecum. Therefore, we thought that the intussusception was caused by chronic inflammation of the diverticula and surrounding fibrosis. Among intussusception in adults, chronic diverticulitis should be considered as a target of surgical treatment on rare occasions.
External jugular vein aneurysm presenting as submandibular neck mass
Authors: Saleem Matthew I , Tham Tristan , Diaz Anise M , Keating Patrick , Georgolios Alexandros 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
External jugular vein aneurysms presenting as neck masses is very rare in the literature. This case report presents an 80-year-old female, who was referred to the office due to an incidental finding of a left submandibular neck mass. The patient presented to her primary care physician initially complaining of bilateral intermittent ear pain that was present for several years. After extensive workup, the patient was diagnosed with a left external jugular vein aneurysm. When asymptomatic, this rare condition can be followed safely on an outpatient basis. Vascular surgery consultation should also be considered.
0330 Self-Reported Exercise and Objectively Measured Sleep: A Big Data Analysis Using Consumer Sleep Technology
Authors: Gahan Luke , Gottlieb Elie , Aman Aman , Watson Nathaniel , Raymann Roy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Exercise is bidirectionally associated with sleep, whereby exercise can be an efficacious element of behavioural therapy for sleep, and longer sleep duration has been associated with increased physical activity. Given poor sleep and physical inactivity are each widely recognized as critical public health priorities, further research into the relationship between objective sleep and indices of exercise using ecologically-valid sleep measurement tools is warranted. Here, we examined the association between self-reported exercise intensity and duration, and objectively measured sleep using consumer sleep technology.

Methods
Data from 2,662 users (mean age: 47.4, 36.5% female) across 343,308 nights were included in the analysis from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application, which uses a non-contact, sonar-based method to objectively capture sleep-related metrics, and questionnaires to capture self-reported data. Exercise intensity ( “At what level of intensity do you work out?”, 3 point scale) and exercise frequency (“How many times a week do you exercise for at least 20 mins?”, 5 point scale) were gathered used self-report questionnaires. Linear regression modelling was used for analysis, with age and gender used as confounding variables.

Results
Greater reported exercise frequency was associated with an increase in TST (ß=3.3 mins, SE=0.838, p&lt;0.001) and sleep efficiency (ß=0.5%, SE=0.116, p&lt;0.001). Exercise frequency was also associated with reductions in WASO (ß=-1.153mins, SE=0.429, p&lt;0.01) and SOL (ß=-0.425mins, SE=0.163, p&lt;0.01). Greater reported exercise intensity was associated with an increase in TST (ß=4.908 mins, SE=1.886, p&lt;0.01) and sleep efficiency (ß=1.16%, SE=0.255, p&lt;0.001). Exercise intensity was also associated with reductions in WASO (ß=-3.282mins, SE=0.965, p&lt;0.01) and SOL (ß=-0.852mins, SE=0.272, p&lt;0.01).

Conclusion
Self-reported exercise frequency and intensity were associated with improved objective sleep metrics across the board. This big data finding using ecologically-valid consumer sleep technology can further contribute to public health recommendations regarding the positive impact of exercise on sleep.

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