bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Supporting Green Skills Inclusion in RVA
Authors: Pavlova Margarita , Singh Madhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe analysis of the cases presented in Chap. 2 reveals that the richness of individual experiences, developed through environmentally friendly practices, should be captured in the RVA practices. Based on this analysis, this chapter recommends principles for the inclusion of green skills in the recognition, validation and accreditation of non-formal and informal learning in MSMEs. More specifically, it suggests a multi-dimensional approach (macro, meso, micro) that can be included in lifelong learning policies in the seven countries and one territory that participated in the study, but also to be used more broadly by policy makers. The proposed approach goes beyond narrow task-related skills and knowledge to include value-based behaviour and attitudes that are particularly relevant to green skills. Therefore, this chapter proposes recommendations that address the need to provide broad descriptors of knowledge, skills and competences as well as learning objectives that guarantee the future design and further development of RVA policies and practices based on the new opportunities offered in green economic restructuring and SDGs.
Exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions for extracting generalized parton distributions
Authors: Qiu Jian-Wei , Yu Zhite 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We show that exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions can be systematically studied in QCD factorization approach if the photon’s transverse momentum qT with respect to the colliding pion is much greater than ΛQCD. We demonstrate that the leading power non-perturbative contributions to the scattering amplitudes of this exclusive process are process-independent and can be systematically factorized into universal pion’s distribution amplitudes (DAs) and nucleon’s generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which are convoluted with corresponding infrared safe and perturbatively calculable short-distance hard parts. The correction to this factorized expression is suppressed by powers of 1/qT. We demonstrate quantitatively that this new type of exclusive processes is not only complementary to existing processes for extracting GPDs, but also capable of providing an enhanced sensitivity to the dependence of both DAs and GPDs on the active parton’s momentum fraction x. We also introduce additional, but the same type of exclusive observables to enhance our capability to explore GPDs, in particular, their x-dependence.
Neural network approximations for Calabi-Yau metrics
Authors: Jejjala Vishnu , Peña Damián Kaloni Mayorga , Mishra Challenger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ricci flat metrics for Calabi-Yau threefolds are not known analytically. In this work, we employ techniques from machine learning to deduce numerical flat metrics for K3, the Fermat quintic, and the Dwork quintic. This investigation employs a simple, modular neural network architecture that is capable of approximating Ricci flat Kähler metrics for Calabi-Yau manifolds of dimensions two and three. We show that measures that assess the Ricci flatness and consistency of the metric decrease after training. This improvement is corroborated by the performance of the trained network on an independent validation set. Finally, we demonstrate the consistency of the learnt metric by showing that it is invariant under the discrete symmetries it is expected to possess.
Integrated modeling of “soft” and “hard” variables in manufacturing
Authors: Afy-Shararah Mohamed , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel holistic modeling approach for investigating and analyzing the relationship of qualitative variables such as training and absenteeism with quantifiable shopfloor key performance indicators such as quality, inventory, and production rate. Soft variables, supervisor support and work environment, and their relationships with the hard variables, facility layout, and production strategies were investigated in this research. It was found in the literature that increasing absenteeism reduces the rate of production and causes a decrease in motivation, while training can increase the level of motivation if effective. A causal loop diagram was developed based on the evidence in the literature, and a system dynamics simulation model was created to depict these relations. It was confirmed that absenteeism affected the cycle time and motivation inversely, but it was not possible to always maintain a desired level of motivation. A discrete event simulation model was also built for the current and the future state maps of the production system. The model used output from the system dynamics model as its input to investigate the effects of the qualitative variables on the production system performance. This paper discusses in detail the stages of building the simulation models and the results recorded.
Ten years of dynamic co-management of a multi-species reef fishery
Authors: Smallhorn-West Patrick , Cohen Philippa J. , Kukiti Elton , Rabbitt Sheridan , Rikio Alik , Sori Frederick , Tapala Scotta , Warren Regon , Boso Delvene , Foale Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCo-management, a governance process whereby management responsibility is shared between resource users and other collaborators, is a mainstream approach for governing social and ecological aspects of small-scale fisheries. While many assessments of co-management are available for single time periods, assessments across longer time-scales are rare–meaning the dynamic nature, and long-term outcomes, of co-management are insufficiently understood. In this study we analyse ten-years of catch and effort data from a co-managed, multi-species reef fishery in Solomon Islands. To further understand social, ecological and management dynamics we also draw on interviews with fishers and managers that had been conducted throughout the same decade. We aimed to answer (1) what are the temporal trends in fishing effort, harvesting efficiency, and catch composition within and beyond a periodically-harvested closure (i.e. a principal and preferred management tool in Pacific island reef fisheries), and, (2) what are the internal and external drivers that acted upon the fishery, and its management. Despite high fishing effort within the periodically-harvested closure, catch per unit effort remained stable throughout the ten years. Yet the taxonomic composition of catch changed substantially as species targeted early in the decade became locally depleted. These observations indicate that both the frequency of harvesting and the volumes harvested may have outpaced the turnover rates of target species. We argue that this reflects a form of hyperstability whereby declining abundance is not apparent through catch per unit effort since it is masked by a shift to alternate species. While the community sustained and adapted their management arrangements over the decade as a response to internal pressures and some signs of resource changes, some external social and ecological drivers were beyond their capabilities to govern. We argue the collaborative, knowledge exchange, and learning aspects of adaptive co-management may need even more attention to deal with this complexity, particularly as local and distal pressures on multi-species fisheries and community governance intensify.
Graphical abstract
Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments
Authors: Cureau Roberta Jacoby , Pigliautile Ilaria , Kousis Ioannis , Pisello Anna Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people’s perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey’s responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.
Salivary film thickness and MUC5B levels at various intra-oral surfaces
Authors: Assy Z. , Jager D. H. J. , Brand H. S. , Bikker F. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
In this study, we investigated the salivary film thickness and the MUC5B levels at various intra-oral locations in healthy volunteers, with a focus on the palate. Besides, measurements of the palatal surface area were included to explore the possible relationships between the palatal surface area and the palatal salivary film and MUC5B levels.

Materials and methods
The salivary film thickness was determined using filter strips, which were pressed to the mucosal surfaces of five different intra-oral locations; conductance was then analysed using a Periotron. After elution of the strips, the MUC5B levels at various intra-oral locations were determined using ELISA. The palatal surface area was measured using an intra-oral scanner. The surface area was subsequently calculated using the software.

Results
The anterior tongue had the thickest salivary film and also the highest levels of MUC5B, while the anterior palate had the thinnest salivary film and lowest MUC5B levels. There was no association between the palatal surface area and the salivary film thickness of the palate.

Conclusion
The salivary film and MUC5B levels are unequally distributed over the intra-oral regions of the soft tissues. The lack of association between the palatal surface area and the salivary film thickness indicates that a larger surface area is not associated with a relative thinner palatal salivary film.

Clinical relevance
The results of the current study increase our understanding of saliva distribution in the oral cavity and could be used as reference values for future studies.
On the determination and evolution of fabric in representative elementary volumes for a sand specimen in triaxial compression
Authors: Schmidt Selma , Wiebicke Max , Herle Ivo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The soil response in triaxial compression tests, that are commonly treated as element tests, is known to be inhomogeneous. Several studies have revealed the localisation of deformation throughout the whole specimen by digital image correlation techniques on X-ray tomographies. The fabric of a soil specimen has so far only been studied on complete specimens as a bulk measurement or in chosen subsets. In this contribution, we present a study on the spatial and temporal distribution of the fabric throughout one Hostun sand sample in triaxial compression. Therefore, we calibrated the minimum representative element size first for three chosen fabric variables considering three different criteria. By distributing the elements in a regular grid over the specimen, we are able to clearly identify the onset of the localisation in terms of void ratio, coordination number and contact fabric anisotropy. Spatially and temporally the contact fabric variables precede the void ratio changes as they are much more sensitive to small changes.

Graphical Abstract
Complexity of shift bribery for iterative voting rules
Authors: Maushagen Cynthia , Neveling Marc , Rothe Jörg , Selker Ann-Kathrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn iterative voting systems, candidates are eliminated in consecutive rounds until either a fixed number of rounds is reached or the set of remaining candidates does not change anymore. We focus on iterative voting systems based on the positional scoring rules plurality, veto, and Borda and study their resistance against shift bribery attacks introduced by Elkind et al. [1] and Kaczmarczyk and Faliszewski [2]. In constructive shift bribery (Elkind et al. [1]), an attacker seeks to make a designated candidate win the election by bribing voters to shift this candidate in their preferences; in destructive shift bribery (Kaczmarczyk and Faliszewski [2]), the briber’s goal is to prevent this candidate’s victory. We show that many iterative voting systems are resistant to these types of attack, i.e., the corresponding decision problems are NP-hard. These iterative voting systems include iterated plurality as well as the voting rules due to Hare, Coombs, Baldwin, and Nanson; variants of Hare voting are also known as single transferable vote, instant-runoff voting, and alternative vote.
KIETA: Key-insight extraction from scientific tables
Authors: Kempf Sebastian , Krug Markus , Puppe Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn important but very time consuming part of the research process is literature review. An already large and nevertheless growing ground set of publications as well as a steadily increasing publication rate continue to worsen the situation. Consequently, automating this task as far as possible is desirable. Experimental results of systems are key-insights of high importance during literature review and usually represented in form of tables. Our pipeline KIETA exploits these tables to contribute to the endeavor of automation by extracting them and their contained knowledge from scientific publications. The pipeline is split into multiple steps to guarantee modularity as well as analyzability, and agnosticim regarding the specific scientific domain up until the knowledge extraction step, which is based upon an ontology. Additionally, a dataset of corresponding articles has been manually annotated with information regarding table and knowledge extraction. Experiments show promising results that signal the possibility of an automated system, while also indicating limits of extracting knowledge from tables without any context.
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow over ratchet roughness
Authors: Busse Angela , Zhdanov Oleksandr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe influence of the orientation of ratchet-type rough surfaces on their fluid dynamic roughness effect is investigated using direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at $$Re_{\tau }=395$$

R

e
τ

=
395

. The ratchet length-to-height ratio is varied from $$\ell /k=2$$

ℓ
/
k
=
2

to 16 for a fixed ratchet height of $$k/\delta =0.1$$

k
/
δ
=
0.1

where $$\delta$$
δ
is the mean channel half-height. The results show that both roughness function and mean flow and turbulence statistics strongly depend on the ratchet orientation. Existing empirical formulae, which estimate the roughness function $$\Delta U^+$$

Δ

U
+

or the equivalent sand-grain roughness $$k_s$$

k
s

based on surface-slope related parameters such as the effective slope or the Sigal-Danberg parameter, fail to accurately predict the differences between ratchet surfaces with high windward slopes and ratchet surfaces with high leeward slopes.
Thirty years of artificial intelligence and law: the third decade
Authors: Villata Serena , Araszkiewicz Michal , Ashley Kevin , Bench-Capon Trevor , Branting L. Karl , Conrad Jack G. , Wyner Adam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe first issue of Artificial Intelligence and Law journal was published in 1992. This paper offers some commentaries on papers drawn from the Journal’s third decade. They indicate a major shift within Artificial Intelligence, both generally and in AI and Law: away from symbolic techniques to those based on Machine Learning approaches, especially those based on Natural Language texts rather than feature sets. Eight papers are discussed: two concern the management and use of documents available on the World Wide Web, and six apply machine learning techniques to a variety of legal applications.
Influence of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of P2Y12 Receptor on the Safety and Efficacy of Antiplatelet Drugs
Authors: Danielak Dorota , Pawlak Kornel , Główka Franciszek , Karaźniewicz-Łada Marta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are drugs that decrease the risk of stent thrombosis and lower the long-term risk of non-stent-related myocardial infarction and stroke. They inhibit the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the P2Y12 receptor and effectively reduce platelet reactivity. However, considerable variability in the pharmacodynamics response contributes to a failure of antiplatelet therapy; this phenomenon is especially notorious for older drugs, such as clopidogrel. Some genetic polymorphisms associated with these drugs’ metabolic pathway, especially in the CYP2C19 gene, can significantly decrease antiplatelet efficacy. There are few reports on the variability stemming from the target of this drug class that is the P2Y12 receptor itself.

Results and conclusion
This review summarizes the results of research that focus on the influence of P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacodynamics and the efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors. We found that the conclusions of the studies are unequivocal, and despite several strong candidates, such as G52T (rs6809699) or T744C (rs2046934), they may not be independent predictors of the inadequate response to the drug. Most probably, P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms contribute to the effect exerted by other gene variants (such as CYP2C19*2/*3/*17), drug interactions, or patient habits, such as smoking. Also, epigenetic modifications, such as methylation or miRNA levels, may play a role in the efficacy of antiplatelet treatment.
Image sets of perfectly nonlinear maps
Authors: Kölsch Lukas , Kriepke Björn , Kyureghyan Gohar M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider image sets of differentially d-uniform maps of finite fields. We present a lower bound on the image size of such maps and study their preimage distribution. Further, we focus on a particularly interesting case of APN maps on binary fields $$\mathbb {F}_{2^n}$$

F

2
n

. We show that APN maps with the minimal image size are very close to being 3-to-1. We prove that for n even the image sets of several important families of APN maps are minimal, and as a consequence they have the classical Walsh spectrum. Finally, we present upper bounds on the image size of APN maps. For a non-bijective almost bent map f, these results imply $$\frac{2^n+1}{3}+1 \le |{\text {Im}}(f)| \le 2^n-2^{(n-1)/2}$$

2
n

+
1

3

+
1
≤

|
Im

(
f
)

|

≤

2
n

-

2

(
n
-
1
)
/
2

.
Pooling of Wealth in Marriage: The Role of Premarital Cohabitation
Authors: Vitali Agnese , Fraboni Romina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious studies documented the existence of a ‘cohabitation–marriage gap’ in resource pooling among opposite-sex partners, with cohabiters being more likely to separate income and wealth than married individuals. Surprisingly, despite many non-marital cohabitations transform into marriages, we know little about income and wealth pooling of ‘spousal cohabiters’, i.e. spouses who transition to marriage after experiencing a period of non-marital cohabitation. The comparison between ‘spousal cohabiters’ and directly married spouses is particularly interesting because it offers a litmus test of theories of marriage in relation to how and why economic resources are differently distributed within married vs. cohabiting couples. This paper compares directly married couples and ‘spousal cohabiters’ in Italy, focusing on one aspect of resource pooling: the marital property regime, i.e. the choice made at the time of marriage between joint or separate ownership of wealth accumulated during marriage. Competing hypotheses are developed on the basis of the arguments that marriage yields legal protection, that selection mechanisms drive both the choice of community vs. separation of property and direct marriage vs. premarital cohabitation, and that, by inertia, ‘spousal cohabiters’ continue to separate resources upon transition to marriage. Results based on the 2016 Italian ‘Family and social subjects’ survey show that ‘spousal cohabiters’ are significantly more likely to choose separation of property compared to directly married spouses. Such differences, however, are drastically reduced once relevant confounders are controlled for, hence suggesting that existing differences between directly married and previously cohabiting couples and, more generally, differences between married and cohabiting couples are driven, above all, by selection mechanisms.
Wealth Accumulation and the Gender Wealth Gap Across Couples’ Legal Statuses and Matrimonial Property Regimes in France
Authors: Frémeaux Nicolas , Leturcq Marion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines wealth accumulation among couple-headed households and investigates changes in within-household inequality over time and across couple statuses. Going beyond previous research that mostly studies wealth accumulation within marriages by comparing married with unmarried individuals, we consider the legal statuses of couples (cohabitation, civil union, and marriage) and property regimes (community and separate property). We apply multivariate regression analysis to high-quality longitudinal data from the French wealth survey (2015–2018) and find no differences in net worth accumulation between couples’ legal statuses when property regimes are not accounted for. However, couples with a separate property regime accumulate more wealth than couples with a community property regime, and married couples with a separate property regime drive this association. Our results show that the gender wealth gap is larger for couples with a separate property regime, but it is partially compensated by accumulated wealth. Our results highlight the importance of legal statuses and property regimes in explaining the dynamics of between- and within-household inequality in France, specifically within a context of increasingly diversified marital trajectories.
Short report: Experiences of Caregivers Participating in a Telehealth Evaluation of Development for Infants (TEDI)
Authors: Talbott Meagan R. , Lang Ellisa , Avila Felipe , Dufek Sarah , Young Gregory 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA growing literature supports the feasibility and validity of telehealth-based assessments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Better understanding families’ experiences is crucial for sustained use beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. This study qualitatively examines caregiver experiences with the Telehealth Evaluation of Development for Infants (TEDI) protocol to better understand benefits and challenges of telehealth-based evaluations. Caregivers (N = 32) completed an online survey following a telehealth-based evaluation with their 6–12 month-old infants. Open-ended text responses to queries about perceived benefits, challenges, and suggestions for future adaptations were coded. Most caregivers reported positive experiences with minor feedback relating to tailoring of individual needs. Responses suggest the TEDI is a feasible approach and provide guidance for components of successful telehealth evaluations more broadly.