bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southeast Asian Evidence for Early Maritime Silk Road Exchange and Trade-Related Polities
Authors: Bellina Bérénice 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the recent shift in historical perspectives concerning the mid-first millennium exchanges between the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal and the subsequent new perspectives on the cultural evolution of this broad region. In particular, it reviews the results of recent research conducted on what appeared as the earliest complex trading-polities that developed in the Kra Isthmus from the late fifth to early fourth century BC. The discovery of their cosmopolitan and early urban nature, pushed back in time developments traditionally attributed to the early historical period. These trading polities produced or concentrated many of the shared cultural items distributed over a wide region. Technological analysis demonstrated that most of these items were culturally hybrid, combining technologies and styles from various Asian horizons thus allowing to discuss further the concept of a panregional culture and cultural transfers. Studies suggest that instead of envisioning cultural exchanges in terms of internal or external “influences,” they might be better understood as the product of joint-productions co-elaborated in a wider regionally connected area that constituted the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea interaction spheres.
Angkor
Authors: Fletcher Roland , Pottier Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The development of Angkor from the sixth to the sixteenth century derived from two separate, low-density towns with dispersed residence, Bhavapura (around Ak Yum) (sixth to eighth century) and Hariharalaya (eighth to ninth century) which were integrated into a multicentric urban complex in the late ninth century by the formation of a huge, new residential area around the triad of the Royal Palace, the temple on Phnom Bakheng and the East Baray. From then on successive developments can be schematically described as occurring to the west, south, and north, until by the early thirteenth century the urban complex had stabilized and alterations were occurring primarily in the central area. In the fourteenth century severe, unstable climate change produced mega-monsoons, whose water flow eroded the central canal and deposited massive quantities of cross-bedded sand in the southern canals, ending the capacity of the water management network to shield the population of Greater Angkor from the following droughts. After this damage had occurred, Ayutthaya made a brief incursion into Angkor in the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth century, Angkor began to transmute into its Middle Period—early modern—settlement form around a row of Buddhist wat along the Siem Reap River.
Introduction
Authors: Higham Charles F. W. , Kim Nam C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The descent of peace over Southeast Asia has galvanized prehistoric research in a region of global interest. Any expansion of humans from their African homeland that followed lines of least resistance would have reached Southeast Asia, and over a two-million-year period, it is possible to document the early arrival of Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis. About 60,000 years ago, Anatomically Modern Humans began to infiltrate, and established a hunter-gatherer tradition that endures. I think the previous sentence should remain Domestication of rice and millet to the north set in train the expansion of farmer communities that interacted with the indigenous hunter-gatherers from about 4,000 years ago. A second innovation later saw the spread of metallurgy, based on copper and tin. The stimulus again came from the north, by trade and the establishment of mining and smelting specialists, heralding by 1100 BC, the start of the Bronze Age. This saw a rapid but impermanent rise of social elites in strategic locations. From about 300 BC, a maritime exchange network brought Southeast Asia into direct contact with state societies in India and China. New ideas, technologies, trade goods, and religions wrought major cultural changes, seen in the rise of port cities. A second wave of foreign influence was felt in the Red River region with the expansion of the Qin and Han empires. These, linked with a serious decline in rainfall experienced in inland regions, all stimulated the genesis of early state societies that were to develop into the modern nations of Southeast Asia.
The Gender Cleavage: Updating Rokkanian Theory for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Sass Katharina , Kuhnle Stein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article develops Stein Rokkan’s cleavage theory to include the gender cleavage. It discusses the gender cleavage’s structural, cultural, and organizational dimensions. The extent to which the gender cleavage becomes manifest is related to the overall cleavage structure. The gender cleavage has been comparatively more salient in Europe’s Protestant North than in other Western countries. Incorporating gender conflicts into the Rokkanian framework may lead to a richer understanding of welfare regime development.
Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and home blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure: the Ohasama study
Authors: Muroya Tomoko , Satoh Michihiro , Murakami Takahisa , Nakayama Shingo , Asayama Kei , Hirose Takuo , Tatsumi Yukako , Inoue Ryusuke , Tsubota-Utsugi Megumi , Hara Azusa , Kogure Mana , Nakaya Naoki , Nomura Kyoko , Kikuya Masahiro , Metoki Hirohito , Imai Yutaka , Hozawa Atsushi , Ohkubo Takayoshi 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
No studies have demonstrated the association between urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and all out-of-office blood pressure (BP) [home morning and evening BP (self-measured at home), and 24-h, daytime, and night-time ambulatory BP] in the same cohort. We aimed to assess, which type of out-of-office BP is more strongly associated with urinary Na/K ratio in the general population.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of Ohasama, Japan. Home and ambulatory BP levels were measured, and 24-h urine samples were obtained from 875 participants (men, 25.5%; mean age, 60.1 years). The urinary Na/K ratio in the 24-h urine samples was calculated.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) urinary Na/K ratio was 4.19 (3.36–5.26). Significant positive trends of home morning, home evening, 24-h, and daytime SBP were observed across quartiles of urinary Na/K ratio (trend P
< 0.041; adjusted mean values between Q1 and Q4 of urinary Na/K ratio: 121.0–125.5 mmHg for home morning, 120.1–123.8mmhg for home evening, 121.6–123.4mmHg for 24-h, 127.5–129.5 mmHg for daytime). Urinary Na/K ratio was not significantly associated with office or night-time SBP and nocturnal BP fall (trend P > 0.13). In the model with both home morning or evening SBP and daytime SBP, only home SBP was significantly associated with urinary Na/K ratio (P < 0.048 for home SBP).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that urinary Na/K ratio might be more strongly associated with home BP than with 24-h and daytime BP but was not associated with night-time BP.
Causal Variants of the GJB6 Gene are Associated with Hearing Loss and Skin Manifestations: A Case Report from Turkey
Authors: Duzkale Neslihan , Aygar Gamze Tas , Keseroglu Kemal , Mutlu Murad , Ugur Mehmet Birol 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The gap junction beta 6 (GJB6) gene encodes connexin 30. This protein plays critical role in tissues and is responsible for the formation of gap junctions, which have a wide variety of physiological functions. Disease-associated variants of GJB6 cause non-syndromic hearing loss (HL) and skin lesions.
We herein describe a Turkish girl who was diagnosed with HL and in whom genetic analysis revealed a causal variant of GJB6.

Case presentation:
The 1-year-old girl patient was diagnosed with bilateral HL when she was 1 month old. Apart from this, the patient’s motor/mental development and physical examination were normal. As a result of the analysis with the multi-gene panel, the causative genomic change, c.175G>A(p.Gly59Arg) in the GJB6 gene was determined as heterozygous. Segregation analysis proved the same genotype in the patient’s mother and grandfather. The patient’s mother and grandfather had bilateral HL and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis phenotype. The patient was diagnosed with Clouston syndrome, and genetic counseling was provided to her family.

Discussion:
Causal variants of GJB6 cause skin manifestations and signs of HL. Molecular diagnosis of these patients is a valuable tool for clinicians in reaching their optimal treatment and clinical management.

Conclusion:
In syndromic cases in which many organs are affected, the determination of the causative gene is important in directing the patients to appropriate observation, screening, and treatment strategies.
Excessive Workload Beyond Measured Exercise Tolerance Affects Post-Discharge Mental Health in Workers With Heart Disease
Authors: Kuhara Satoshi , Itoh Hideaki , Araki Masaru , Yamato Hiroshi , Saeki Satoru 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
We evaluated work intensity, exercise tolerance, and mental health among workers with heart disease and assessed the relationship between return to work (RTW) status and changes in mental health 3 months post-discharge.

Methods:
Patients were enrolled from 2014 to 2019. Data were collected on admission and 3 months post-discharge. Mental health was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Jobs were defined as “reasonable workload (RW)” or “over workload (OW)” based on metabolic equivalents.

Results:
Twenty-six patients responded (81.3%). RTW after 3 months was higher in the RW group (100%) than in the OW group (63.6%). Mental health in the OW group significantly deteriorated compared with baseline and was higher than that in the RW group.

Conclusions:
Patients whose work intensity was higher than their exercise tolerance had worsened mental health 3 months post-discharge.
Attributes of Long Duration COVID-19 Workers’ Compensation Claims
Authors: Bernacki Edward J. , Hunt Dan L. , Tsourmas Nicholas F. , Yuspeh Larry , Lavin Robert A. , Kalia Nimisha , Leung Nina , Willams Leila , Green-McKenzie Judith , Tao Xuguang (Grant) 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To examine the attributes associated with long duration COVID- 19 workers’ compensation (WC) claims.

Methods:
A study was conducted on 13,153 COVID-19 WC claims accepted by a workers’ compensation insurance carrier between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2021.

Results:
1) Ninety-five percent of accepted WC claims were closed within the study period; 2) five percent of claims had 30 days or longer of lost time accounting for 65% of total paid WC costs; 3) medical costs increased 8-fold once paid days lost crossed the threshold of 60 days or greater; 4) age was the strongest risk factor associated with increased WC costs and prolonged impairment.

Conclusion:
Age at the time of infection was the major factor associated with prolonged impairment and high costs of COVID-19 related WC claims.
Vertical Integration Versus Physician Owners
Authors: Mitchell Jean M. , DeLeire Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to document changes in physician practice structure among surgeons who treat women with breast cancer.

Design:
We merged cancer registry records from 5 large states with Medicare Part B claims to identify each surgeon who treated women with breast cancer. We added information from SK&A surveys and extensive internet searches. We analyzed changes in breast surgeons’ practice structure over time.

Measures:
We assigned each surgeon-year a practice structure type: (1) small single-specialty practice; (2) single-specialty surgery or multispecialty practice with ownership in an ambulatory surgery center (ASC); (3) physician-owned hospital; (4) multispecialty; (5) employed.

Results:
In 2003, nearly 74% of breast cancer surgeons belonged to small single-specialty practices. By 2014, this percentage fell to 51%. A shift to being employed (vertical integration) accounted for only a portion of this decline; between 2003 and 2014, the percentage of surgeons who were employed increased from 10% to 20%. The remainder of this decline is due to surgeons opting to acquire ownership in an ASC or a specialty hospital. Between 2003 and 2014, the percentage of surgeons with ownership in an ASC or specialty hospital increased from 4% to 17%.

Conclusions:
Dramatic changes in surgeon practice structure occurred between 2003 and 2014 across the 5 states we examined. The most notable was the sharp decline in the prevalence of the small single-specialty practice and large increases in the proportion of surgeons either employed or with ownership in ACSs or hospitals.
Nail diameter significantly impacts stability in combined plate-nail constructs used for fixation of supracondylar distal femur fractures
Authors: Wright David J. , DeSanto Donald J. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. , Scolaro John A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Plate-nail (PN) combinations have been described for fixation of supracondylar distal femur fractures. Small diameter retrograde intramedullary nails (rIMN) are commonly used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nail diameter on construct stability. We hypothesized that a larger diameter rIMN would not significantly change the stiffness of the PN construct when tested in torsional or axial loading.

Methods:
Twelve synthetic osteoporotic femurs were used to compare nail diameters in an extraarticular supracondylar distal femur fracture model (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type 33-A3). Constructs were fixed with a 12-hole 4.5 mm pre-contoured lateral distal femoral locking plate combined with either a 9 mm (n = 6) or an 11 mm (n = 6) retrograde intramedullary nail (rIMN). Specimens were cyclically loaded in torsion and axial compression. The primary outcome was construct stiffness, calculated using the average slope of the force-displacement curves.

Results:
The 11 mm PN construct was approximately 1.6 times stiffer than the 9 mm PN construct averaged across all torsional loads (2.39 +/− 0.41 Nm/deg vs 1.44 +/− 0.17 Nm/deg) and approximately 1.3 times stiffer than the 9 mm PN construct averaged across all axial loads (506.84 +/− 44.50 N/mm vs 376.77 +/− 37.65 N/mm). There were no construct failures.

Conclusions:
In this biomechanical model, nail diameter had a significant effect on both torsional and axial stiffness in PN constructs. While the use of smaller diameter rIMNs has been proposed to allow for easier placement of implants, the effect on overall construct stiffness should be considered in the context of the patient, their fracture and desired postoperative weight bearing recommendations.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Jejunal Mesenteric Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation for Lymphedema: Outcomes and Technical Modifications
Authors: Schaverien Mark V. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Hall Melissa S. , Chen Dawn N. , Selber Jesse C. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The jejunal mesentery supplied by the superior mesenteric vascular tree has emerged as a viable site for vascularized lymph node transplantation. Among other benefits, it has the advantage of avoidance of the risk of donor-site lymphedema. This article reports the technique and outcomes of a novel approach to jejunal mesenteric vascularized lymph node transplantation with flap harvest from the mesenteric root to reduce the risk of small bowel ischemic complications.

Methods:
A consecutive series of patients that underwent jejunal mesenteric vascularized lymph node transplantation to treat upper extremity lymphedema were included. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were taken at fixed intervals using standardized techniques including Perometer volumetry, LDex bioimpedance spectroscopy, the Lymphedema Life Impact Scale, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand tool. Demographic, treatment, and outcomes data were collected, and descriptive statistics were used.

Results:
There were 25 patients included, all of whom had maximized their conservative therapy before undergoing surgery. At 12 months postoperatively reduction in limb volume difference was 36.7 percent (p < 0.001), reduction in LDex score was 41.4 percent (p = 0.0015), and reductions in the Lymphedema Life Impact Scale and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 55.7 percent (p = 0.0019) and 47.5 percent (p = 0.027), respectively. In 11 patients, there was a history of cellulitis (multiple episodes in eight), and at up to 24 months’ follow-up postoperatively there were no episodes reported (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Upper extremity lymphedema can be effectively treated surgically using the jejunal mesenteric vascularized lymph node transplantation, resulting in reduced limb volume and extracellular fluid, and improved patient-reported limb function and outcomes measures compared with optimized conservative therapy alone.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Muscle-Sparing Six-Point Upper Blepharoplasty for Asian Male Patients
Authors: Lee Moon Ki , Lee Seungjun , Jun Daiwon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Dermatochalasis is a consequence of aging and results in various problems, such as tired look, dry eye syndrome, or reduced vision. Although the demand for upper blepharoplasty is growing in the senescing world, the demand from male patients has been generally overlooked. Male patients prefer natural creases and fast recoveries, with minimal swelling. The authors introduce a novel method that will satisfy the demands of most male patients. This technique includes muscle-sparing skin incisions and fixation of folds through 6 slit incisions. This study retrospectively reviewed 40 Asian male patients who had been subject to this procedure. The patients were evaluated for fold attenuation, scar perception, and patient satisfaction; favorable outcomes with minimal complications were observed.
MUC16 mutation is associated with tumor grade, clinical features, and prognosis in glioma patients
Authors: Ferrer Valéria Pereira 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMUC16 is a member of the attached mucin family that encodes cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), but the association of MUC16 status with grade and subtypes of glioma patients has not yet been established. Data for MUC16 mRNA expression in 37 different cancer types were considered, and genomic data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) from 1051 low-grade glioma (LGG) patients and 833 glioblastoma (GBM) patients were analyzed. LGG and GBM has low expression of MUC16, but it is frequently mutated in GBM. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, glioma subtypes, methylation, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) status were all performed. We found that mutated-MUC16 in LGG patients is associated with better prognosis considering overall survival (OS), IDH1, methylation, 1p/19q, and 10q status. Conversely, MUC16 mutation were related with worse prognosis in GBM patients upon analyzing those same parameters. Therefore, MUC16 mutations may assist in glioma diagnosis and prognosis and should be further studied in this tumor type.
Evaluation of “test to return” after COVID-19 diagnosis in a Massachusetts public school district
Authors: Nelson Sandra B. , Brenner Isaac Ravi , Homan Elizabeth , Lee Sarah Bott , Bongiorno Christine , Pollock Nira R. , Ciaranello Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control allows rapid antigen testing (RAT) towards the end of a 5-day isolation for COVID-19 infection to determine eligibility to leave isolation. The impact of a test-to-return (TTR) program in schools is unknown. In January 2022 a Massachusetts school district initiated a TTR program utilizing a single school-administered RAT on days 5-9 after symptom onset or positive test, whichever was first. Of 636 students with COVID-19 infection, 408 (64.2%) participated in TTR; of these, 128 (31.4%) had a positive TTR rapid antigen test. Students who were symptomatic at any time during their infection were more likely to have a positive TTR than those who were never symptomatic (43.1% vs. 17.3%); positivity rates were lower when TTR was performed later during days 6-9. TTR may identify students who carry higher viral loads after recovery from COVID-19 infection thereby extending their isolation, while facilitating earlier return of those with negative results.
Source terms for benchmarking models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols and droplets
Authors: Stettler Marc E.J. , Nishida Robert T. , de Oliveira Pedro M. , Mesquita Léo C.C. , Johnson Tyler J. , Galea Edwin R. , Grandison Angus , Ewer John , Carruthers David , Sykes David , Kumar Prashant , Avital Eldad , Obeysekara Asiri I.B. , Doorly Denis , Hardalupas Yannis , Green David C. , Coldrick Simon , Parker Simon , Boies Adam M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is ongoing and rapid advancement in approaches to modelling the fate of exhaled particles in different environments relevant to disease transmission. It is important that models are verified by comparison with each other using a common set of input parameters to ensure that model differences can be interpreted in terms of model physics rather than unspecified differences in model input parameters. In this paper, we define parameters necessary for such benchmarking of models of airborne particles exhaled by humans and transported in the environment during breathing and speaking.
Strength and durability of antibody responses to BNT162b2 and CoronaVac
Authors: Cowling Benjamin J. , Wong Irene O. L. , Shiu Eunice Y. C. , Lai Amber Y. T. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Chaothai Sara , Kwan Kelvin K. H. , Martín-Sánchez Mario , Poon Leo L. M. , Ip Dennis K. M. , Leung Gabriel M. , Leung Nancy H. L. , Peiris J. S. Malik 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe studied 2780 adults in Hong Kong who received CoronaVac inactivated virus vaccine (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (“Comirnaty”, BioNTech/Fosun Pharma). We found stronger and more durable antibody responses to two doses of the mRNA vaccine, and slightly stronger initial antibody responses to each vaccine in younger adults and women.
Using Blood-Test Parameters to Define Biological Age among Older Adults: Association with Morbidity and Mortality Independent of Chronological Age Validated in Two Separate Birth Cohorts
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Hueluer Gizem , Duezel Sandra , Vetter Valentin Max , Pawelec Graham , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Wagner Gert G. , Lindenberger Ulman , Lill Christina M. , Bertram Lars , Gerstorf Denis , Demuth Ilja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiomarkers defining biological age are typically laborious or expensive to assess. Instead, in the current study, we identified parameters based on standard laboratory blood tests across metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and kidney functioning that had been assessed in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE;n= 384) and Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II,n= 1,517). We calculated biological age using those 12 parameters that individually predicted mortality hazards over 26 years in BASE.In BASE, older biological age was associated with more physician-observed morbidity and higher mortality hazards, over and above the effects of chronological age, sex, and education. Similarly, in BASE-II, biological age was associated with physician-observed morbidity and subjective health, over and above the effects of chronological age, sex, and education as well as alternative biomarkers including telomere length, DNA methylation age, skin age, and subjective age. We discuss the importance of biological age as one indicator of aging.