bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Drug Prescribing Information in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Ramírez-Telles Mariana , Argotti-Rodríguez Urimara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To describe the status of drug regulations in Latin America and the Caribbean, in force as of May 2021, and assess through a comparative exercise the differences between the countries under scope on prescribing information of drugs for human use.

Materials and Methods
A narrative review allowed the identification of the regulations concerning the prescribing information of drugs in 25 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean for the registration of prescription medications. On this basis, terms and concepts regarding this topic, the general provisions by the regulatory authorities for these products, applications for health registration and further amendments were identified for each country.

Results
The Latin American and the Caribbean countries included, manage and regulate drug prescribing information differently in terms of concepts, information publishing, structure for product information, among other criteria. Few health authorities publish product information on their website. Additionally, the patient information leaflet is not requested for prescription drugs in most of the studied countries. There is no standardized structure for drug product information within the region.

Conclusions
A poor level of harmonization among the regulations from these countries regarding the content and management (e.g. if physical package insert is required or not, if it is subject to notification or approval) of the prescribing information of human use drugs became evident. Also, there is a visible lack of standardization of concepts for referring to a specific document (e.g., package insert for healthcare professionals, patient information leaflet and technical information for the drug product) and in the content itself.
Deliberations in Dance: Affecting Publics and the Politics of Ethnicity in Guinea’s Nascent Democracy
Authors: Cohen Adrienne J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGuinea’s postindependence state (1958-84) discouraged ethnic identification in favor of national solidarity. In the decades since, ethnic groups have increasingly been mobilized as political interest groups in Guinea, a phenomenon that has been especially visible in recent multiparty elections. At the same time as ethnicity resurfaced as an explicit political force, young performing artists in Guinea’s capital city Conakry were inventing genres of dance and urban ceremony that de-emphasize ethnicity as a marker of belonging. Cohen engages with an interdisciplinary literature on publics to describe how the aesthetic practices of non-elite African youth constitute a crucial form of political engagement.
Turning towards practices: on the common ground of international relations and European studies
Authors: De Franco Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe so-called practice turn in International Relations (IR) has established a new paradigm that puts practitioners' quotidian doings front and centre of IR theorizing. It is proving to be an influential development also for area studies (AS) that share much of IR's scholarship and objects of study. This is certainly the case for European studies (ES) where the works of International Practice Theory (IPT) scholars has greatly contributed to raise attention to situated, mundane, and everyday practices of EU institutions. This article reviews the contribution of IPT scholars to ES to assess the added value of this research agenda and its potential to become a ‘trading zone’ where IR and ES/AS scholars can advance understanding of how the local and the global connect. It also identifies two challenges that have not been adequately addressed in the extant literature: (1) finding ways to theorize and empirically observe the transition from the level of situated practices to EU-wide doings (generalization challenge); and (2) assessing the exact role of interaction in structuring and transforming both the global and the local (challenge of relationism). The article ends by calling for a global practice theory as a way to tackle these two challenges.
From clubs to hubs: analysing lobbying networks in EU financial regulation after crisis
Authors: Redert Bastiaan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolicy networks fulfil an important role within policymaking. Networks of public and private actors provide information to policymakers and may halt or accommodate policy change. Generally, these networks exhibit stability, but at times, they are transformed due to disruptive shocks. This article compares lobbying networks surrounding three EU financial regulatory agencies before and after the global financial crisis. Utilising network-analytical methods, the analysis assesses network change after the financial crisis and the subsequent institutional and regulatory reforms. The findings show that as lobbying networks expand, they become more fragmented. They also demonstrate that shocks stimulate the entrance of new interest groups and make repeat players more selective in their lobbying efforts. This implies that the financial regulation policy network becomes less club-like after the crisis, allowing new groups to inform regulators about their policy preferences.
Playing with medium: Intertextuality and phonomatic transformation
Authors: Wragg Jeff 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn ‘Intertextuality and hypertextuality in recorded popular music’, S. Lacasse (in M. Talbot (ed.)The Musical Work: Reality or Invention?, Liverpool University Press, 2000) proposes a model for understanding intertextuality in recorded popular music. His model provides different ways one text may reference another, while simultaneously transforming the style and/or subject of the original text. Style and subject are two of the integral elements that make up a work, yet what is missing from Lacasse's model is the medium through which these elements are presented. This article addresses that gap by introducing three phonomatic referential practices (retronormativity, vinyl aesthetics and analogue allusion) that transform the medium of a referenced work alongside transformations of style and/or subject. It further expands the model by discussing self-quotation as a referential practice. The applicability of the expanded model is demonstrated using the music of Portishead, one of the bands that pioneered the trip hop genre in the 1990s.
A class of novel underactuated positioning systems for actuating/configuring the parallel manipulators
Authors: Ma Nan , Dong Xin , Arreguin Josue Camacho , Bishop Christopher , Axinte Dragos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParallel manipulators are increasingly utilized in extensive industrial applications due to their high accuracy, compact structure, and significant stiffness characteristics. However, most of the time, massive actuators are involved in constructing and controlling a parallel manipulator, which burdens the structure design and controller development. In this paper, a novel underactuated positioning system been built by different sets of linear motion units (defined as the positioning lines) is proposed, enabling to actuate the multiple degree-of-freedom manipulators with one motor. To achieve this, a smart shape memory alloy (SMA) clutch is presented to obtain the positioning function of each positioning line. Further, to get the decoupled motion regulation of the positioning lines, a new thermal kinematic model of the SMA clutch, which considers the heat dissipation influence on the metal components, was built and validated by the physical prototypes. The experimental results show that the constitutive model of the SMA clutch developed in this paper can be validated within the error of 5.3%. It can also be found that the heat dissipation of the metal component has a significant influence on the model accuracy of the SMA clutch (i.e., 2.6% of the model accuracy). The experiments on the underactuated positioning system produce the following results: the single positioning line can achieve high positioning (i.e., average error: 1.01%) and tracking (i.e., average error
$\leq$
1 mm) abilities; the underactuated positioning system can perform decoupled motions in the three positioning lines with high accuracy (i.e., ±2 mm within the stroke of 180 mm).
Where are People Dying in Disasters, and Where is it Being Studied? A Mapping Review of Scientific Articles on Tropical Cyclone Mortality in English and Chinese
Authors: Dresser Caleb , Hart Alexander , Kwok-Keung Law Alex , Yen Yen Poon Grace , Ciottone Gregory , Balsari Satchit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Tropical cyclones are a recurrent, lethal hazard. Climate change, demographic, and development trends contribute to increasing hazards and vulnerability. This mapping review of articles on tropical cyclone mortality assesses geographic publication patterns, research gaps, and priorities for investigation to inform evidence-based risk reduction.Methods:A mapping review of published scientific articles on tropical cyclone-related mortality indexed in PubMed and EMBASE (English) and SINOMED and CNKI (Chinese), focusing on research approach, location, and storm information, was conducted. Results were compared with data on historical tropical cyclone disasters.Findings:A total of 150 articles were included, 116 in English and 34 in Chinese. Nine cyclones accounted for 61% of specific event analyses. The United States (US) reported 0.76% of fatalities but was studied in 51% of articles, 96% in English and four percent in Chinese. Asian nations reported 90.4% of fatalities but were studied in 39% of articles, 50% in English and 50% in Chinese. Within the US, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania experienced 4.59% of US tropical cyclones but were studied in 24% of US articles. Of the 12 articles where data were collected beyond six months from impact, 11 focused on storms in the US. Climate change was mentioned in eight percent of article abstracts.Interpretation:Regions that have historically experienced high mortality from tropical cyclones have not been studied as extensively as some regions with lower mortality impacts. Long-term mortality and the implications of climate change have not been extensively studied nor discussed in most settings. Research in highly impacted settings should be prioritized.
Lexical and semantic training to acquire words in a foreign language: An electrophysiological study
Authors: García-Gámez Ana B. , Macizo Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn event-related potential (ERP) study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two learning methods for the acquisition of vocabulary in a foreign language (FL). In the semantic method, FL words were presented with pictures denoting their meaning and the learners practiced with a semantic categorization task (to indicate whether FL words were exemplars of a semantic category). In the lexical method, FL words were paired with their translation in the first language (L1) and the learners practiced with a letter-monitoring task (to indicate whether L1-FL words contained a grapheme). A translation task and a picture-naming task were used to evaluate FL acquisition. ERP modulations associated with semantic processing were more evident and broadly distributed in the semantic versus lexical learning group. The pattern of results suggests that a single session of semantic learning favors the establishment of connections between semantics and the words learned in a new language.
Vier Wellen später
Authors: Zappe Robert , Biedebach Riccardo , Rixe Jacqueline 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Es gibt bereits viel Wissen über die Auswirkung der Pandemie auf die Psyche der Menschen. Unklar ist, wie trotz der Pandemie und den Schutzmaßnahmen eine recoveryfördernde Versorgung erfolgen kann. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Unter Zuhilfenahme des CHIME-Framework werden die Auswirkungen für Betroffene und recoveryfördernde Implikationen für die Praxis erläutert. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die sehr fordernde Situation in der Pandemie verlangt professionell Helfenden und Betroffenen viel ab. Die hier vorgestellten Interventionen können dazu beitragen, trotz widriger Umstände eine recoveryfördernde Pflege zu praktizieren.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung
Authors: Stiehl Simon , Witzmann Markus 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Menschen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) sind in der klinisch-psychiatrischen Akutbehandlung unzureichend versorgt. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die spezielle Lebensperspektive von Menschen mit ASS wird vergleichend zur nicht-autistischen Erlebniswelt aufgezeigt, bestehende Barrieren oder auch Herausforderungen in der professionellen Betreuung (auf interaktioneller und organisatorischer Ebene) werden benannt. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Lösungsansätze durch interdisziplinäre Teamstrukturen und Empfehlungen für das klinisch-therapeutische Handeln werden aufgezeigt.
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Arora Bhavna , Currin Adriana , Dwivedi Dipankar , Fru Mary I. N. , Kumar Naresh , McLeod Claire L. , Roman Diana C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article is composed of a commentary about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002099) in Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology (VGP), and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. VGP encompasses a broad field that addresses volcanic, magmatic, hydrothermal, geomicrobial systems; process investigations that span the physical, geochemical and biological realms, including planetary geology; and one that is extensively supported by state‐of‐the‐art research facilities. We suggest that an open, inclusive, collaborative and evolving model of an international coordinated network is critical to answering the most pressing challenges in VGP. In this commentary piece, we begin to discuss the elements of, challenges to, and path forward in developing such a model. For this team, ICON means collaboration, equitable access to data for the entire scientific community, and forging of partnerships that potentially contribute to more innovative ways of coordinating and sharing research. It also means bringing more equity to science, by implementing effective measures which consider access to funding, analytical equipment, resources, and mentors. More importantly, ICON to us means having important conversations around what we value in the advancement of science, perhaps exploring outside the idea of meritocracy and evaluating what individual traits can contribute to science outside what has traditionally been considered the norm.
Temporal Evolution of Radiated Energy to Seismic Moment Scaling During the Preparatory Phase of the Mw 6.1, 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake (Italy)
Authors: Picozzi M. , Spallarossa D. , Iaccarino A. G. , Bindi D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the preparatory phase of the 2009, Mw 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake in central Italy by analyzing the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the seismic moment, M0, to radiated energy, ES. Our approach focuses on monitoring the deviations of the scaling between M0 and ES with respect to a model calibrated for the background seismicity. The temporal evolution of these deviations, defined as Energy Index (EI), identifies the onset of the activation phase 1 week before the mainshock. We show that foreshocks are characterized by a progressive increase in slip per unit stress, in agreement with the diffusion of highly pressurized fluids before the L’Aquila earthquake proposed by previous studies. Our results suggest that the largest events occur where energy index (EI) is highest, in agreement with the existing link between energy index (EI) and the mean loading stress.
Small Scale Magnetic Structure in the Induced Martian Ionosphere and Lower Magnetic Pile‐Up Region
Authors: Hamil O. , Cravens T. E. , Renzaglia A. , Andersson L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale magnetic structures have been observed in the induced Martian ionosphere by magnetometers onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. The origin and evolution of these structures remain poorly understood and the goal of the current paper is to better characterize them and their distribution in the dayside ionosphere using Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) data. Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Langmuir probe data is used to find thermal pressures in the ionosphere. The structures studied range in size from about 20 km up to a couple of hundred km. We constrain our investigation to the northern hemisphere, dayside Martian ionosphere in order to minimize crustal magnetic field interference. Magnetic pressure spikes (and/or field component variations), along with thermal pressure behavior can also sometimes characterize small‐scale structures. In addition to pressures and field components, minimum variance analyses are carried out for each structure in order to help classify them (e.g., horizontal slabs, ionopause‐like structures, flux tube and flux ropes). A “statistical” catalog of properties (pressure, field amplitude, ellipticity, width, etc.) is generated for about 1,000 structures. One conclusion we reached from this survey is that slab‐like features are more likely to be found than rope‐like features for altitudes above 250 km.
Electron Diffusion by Magnetosonic Waves in the Earth’s Radiation Belts
Authors: Wong Jin‐Mann , Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Ross Johnathan P. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe conduct a global survey of magnetosonic waves and compute the associated bounce‐ and drift‐averaged diffusion coefficients, taking into account colocated measurements of fpe/fce, to assess the role of magnetosonic waves in radiation belt dynamics. The average magnetosonic wave intensities increase with increasing geomagnetic activity and decreasing relative frequency with the majority of the wave power in the range fcp < f < 0.3fLHR during active conditions. In the region 4.0 ≤ L* ≤ 5.0, the bounce‐ and drift‐averaged energy diffusion rates due to magnetosonic waves never exceed those due to whistler mode chorus, suggesting that whistler mode chorus is the dominant mode for electron energization to relativistic energies in this region. Further in, in the region 2.0 ≤ L* ≤ 3.5, the bounce‐ and drift‐averaged pitch angle diffusion rates due to magnetosonic waves can exceed those due to plasmaspheric hiss and very low frequency (VLF) transmitters over energy‐dependent ranges of intermediate pitch angles. We compute electron lifetimes by solving the 1D pitch angle diffusion equation including the effects of plasmaspheric hiss, VLF transmitters, and magnetosonic waves. We find that magnetosonic waves can have a significant effect on electron loss timescales in the slot region reducing the loss timescales during active times from 5.6 to 1.5 days for 500 keV electrons at L* = 2.5 and from 140.4 to 35.7 days for 1 MeV electrons at L* = 2.0.
Thermal Properties of Liquid Iron at Conditions of Planetary Cores
Authors: Li Qing , Xian Jia‐Wei , Zhang Yigang , Sun Tao , Vočadlo Lidunka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermal properties of iron at high pressures (P) and temperatures (T) are essential for determining the internal structure and evolution of planetary cores. Compared to its solid counterpart, the liquid phase of iron is less studied and existing results exhibit large discrepancies, hindering a proper understanding of planetary cores. Here we use the formally exact thermodynamic integration approach to calculate thermal properties of liquid iron up to 3.0 TPa and 25000 K. Uncertainties associated with theory are compensated by introducing a T‐independent pressure shift based on experimental data. The resulting thermal equation of state agrees well with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) data in the P‐T range of measurements. At higher P‐T it matches the reduced shock wave data yet deviates considerably from the extrapolations of DAC measurements, indicating the latter may require further examinations. Moreover, the calculated heat capacity and thermal expansivity are substantially lower than some recent reports, which have important ramifications for understanding thermal evolutions of planetary cores. Using Kepler‐36b as a prototype, we examine how a completely molten core may affect the P‐T profiles of massive exoplanets. By comparing the melting slope and the adiabatic slope along the iron melting line, we propose that crystallization of the cores of massive planets proceeds from the bottom‐up rather than the top‐down.
Short‐Term Precipitation Prediction for Contiguous United States Using Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Wang Wei‐Chyung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate short‐term weather prediction, essential for many aspects of life, relies mainly on forecasts from numerical weather models. Here, we report results supporting strongly deep learning as a viable, alternative approach. A 3D convolutional neural network, which uses a single frame of meteorology fields as input to predict the precipitation spatial distribution, is developed based on 39‐years (1980–2018) data of meteorology and daily precipitation over the contiguous United States. Results show that the trained network outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art weather models in predicting daily total precipitation, and the superiority of the network extends to forecast leads up to 5 days. Combining the network predictions with the weather‐model forecasts significantly improves the accuracy of model forecasts, especially for heavy‐precipitation events. Furthermore, the millisecond‐scale inference time of the network facilitates large ensemble predictions for extra accuracy improvement. These results demonstrate the promising prospects of deep learning in short‐term weather predictions.
Maximum Latewood Density Analysis Solves Long‐Standing Mystery Between Temperature Reconstructions and Historical Records
Authors: Kleemann K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEdwards et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021pa004386) take tree ring samples from Scots pine trees in Sämtland, Sweden, and analyze them to reconstruct the summer temperatures for 1783. The maximum latewood density data for 1783 are low, suggesting cooler temperatures. The authors conclude that anatomical anomalies in their samples resulted from acidic damage caused by the Laki haze, a dry and sulfuric smelling fog emitted by the Laki fissure in Iceland during its eruption, which lasted from 8 June 1783 to 7 February 1784. This finding resolves a long‐standing discrepancy between historical documents that indicate an unusually warm summer in 1783 and temperature reconstructions based on tree rings that often suggested a cooler summer. The paper by Edwards et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021pa004386) thereby shows the potential of interdisciplinary collaborations: Only by studying historical records does it becomes apparent that the summer was not cold but warm. Historical records indicate further that the Laki haze also affected the vegetation in other parts of Europe, such as England, the Low Countries, and Germany. Further study of tree rings to reconstruct the temperature of other regions is desirable.