bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea Ranching Feasibility of the Hatchery-Reared Tropical Sea Cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus in an Inshore Coral Reef Island Area in South China Sea (Sanya, China)
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wu Peilin , Huang Duanjie , Xiao Yulin , Wang Xinyuan , Xia Jingquan , Ma Wengang , Gao Fei , Wang Aimin 
Published: July 2022

Sea ranching of tropical edible sea cucumbers is an effective way to relieve the overfishing stress on their natural resources and protect the coral reef ecosystem, yet only a few species have been applied in the sea ranching practice based on hatchery-reared juveniles around the world. In this study, an 8-month (April to December) sea ranching study for hatchery-reared edible sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus juveniles was carried out at a tropical coral reef island area in Sanya, China. Several growth performance indexes and basal nutritional components were monitored. Results revealed that the sea cucumbers had a growth rate of 0.35~0.78 mm day-1 during the experimental period, reaching 15.9 cm long before winter. The weight gain reached 491.13% at the end, and most sea cucumbers were able to grow to the commercial size (over 150 g WW) in the first year of sea ranching. The overall specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rates were 0.73 and 27.5%. Most of the death occurred in the first month after release (25.0%–37.5%), and this is probably due to inadaptation to the sudden change of the environment from the hatchery to the wild, which is proved by the remarkable decrease in nutritional indexes (amino acids, total lipid, and crude protein). Stable isotope and lipid biomarkers revealed that the food source mainly comes from water deposits (with microbes), Sargassum sanyaense seaweed debris, phytoplankton, and coral mucus-derived organics. The study proved the feasibility of the sea ranching of the hatchery-reared S. monotuberculatus juveniles in the tropical coral reef island area. Also, it is highly recommended that appropriate acclimation operation before release should be carried out to improve the survival rate of this species.
Increased Thermal Challenges Differentially Modulate Neural Plasticity and Stress Responses in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Tang P. A. , Gharbi N. , Nilsen T. O. , Gorissen M. , Stefansson S. O. , Ebbesson L. O. E. 
Published: July 2022

The successful transfer of farmed post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) depends on proper stress responses and cognitive functions during the early seawater (SW) phase. However, with increasing summer oceanic temperatures, these processes may become a challenge, implicating allostasis and welfare. Therefore, we examined the effect of post-smolt transfer from 10°C SW to elevated temperatures (13°C, 16°C, and 18°C) on plasma cortisol and telencephalic genes modulating cognition (neurod, bdnf, pcna, and c-fos) and stress-axis regulation (crf, crfbp, mr, gr1, gr2, and hsd11b2). Fish were sampled at i) 1 day following transfer, ii) 45 days of acclimation, and iii) 45 days and 1 h after an acute challenge test (ACT) using confinement stress. Fish transferred to 13°C retained stress responses, elevating levels of cortisol, crf, mr, gr2, c-fos, and bdnf and maintaining levels of neurod and pcna. Contrastingly, although cortisol increased at 16°C, telencephalic genes reverted to an inhibition of stress responses, increasing crfbp and gr1 complemented with dampened bdnf, neurod, and c-fos responses. However, transferring post-smolts to 18°C showed the most adverse effects, having absent stress responses (cortisol and c-fos), elevated crfbp, and a suppression of hsd11b2 and neurod. The hsd11b2 downregulation implies low cortisol inhibition in line with absent modulations in corticosteroid receptors and stress responses. These results suggest that the transfer to 16°C and 18°C inhibits the normal reactive response of post-smolts. Following acclimation (45 days), cortisol levels were basal for all groups; however, post-smolts at 16°C and 18°C maintained a telencephalic inhibition of key regulatory genes (crf, mr, gr2, and hsd11b2), alongside a lower mr/gr1 ratio, an indicator of chronic allostatic load. Moreover, neural plasticity (neurod and pcna) was suppressed at 16°C and 18°C, suggesting impacts of elevated allostatic loads with potentially inferior cognitive capacities. Despite maintaining similar plasma cortisol responses to ACTs, post-smolts at 16°C and 18°C elevated neural activation (c-fos) to stress, implying greater challenges, with the 18°C group also elevating the level of bdnf. In summary, the telencephalon shows that post-smolts transferred to 16°C and 18°C continue to struggle with the thermal allostatic loads even after acclimation, which is not revealed by plasma cortisol levels, grounding the importance of telencephalic measures in identifying environmental thresholds and hidden challenges.
Carbonate contourite drifts in the southwest South China Sea: Sedimentary, paleoceanographic and economic implications
Authors: Liu Shan , Liang Zijun , Zhang Boda , Su Haixia , Lei Zhenyu , Su Ming 
Published: July 2022

Contourite drifts are significant sedimentary features and provide clues for the reconstruction of paleoceanography and paleoenvironment. Although they have been increasingly identified in the world’s ocean, shallow-water contourite drifts (&lt; 300 m depth) remain poorly understood and the examples are rare. This study documents a Middle Miocene shallow-water contourite depositional system in the southwest South China Sea by interpreting seismic reflection data and calibrating results with the previous chronological framework. The depositional system consisted of six mounded drifts and six moats. The contourite features were generated in seismic unit III (16-10.5 Ma) and distributed adjacent to carbonate reefs. They were formed on the proto-continental shelf (50-200 m depth) and shaped by the wind-driven currents. Changes in the sedimentary stacking patterns suggest three evolutionary stages of the contourite features. Stage I represents the growth of the Middle Miocene contourite depositional system between 16 and 10.5 Ma. Stage II marks the termination of carbonate drifts and the burial of the Late Miocene sedimentation during 10.5-5.3 Ma. Stage III started with the development of modern deep-water sedimentary systems since 5.3 Ma. The contourite features are compared with the examples on other South China Sea margins. Significant changes in the paleoceanography occurred at 10.5 Ma and 6.5-5.3 Ma when the dominated bottom currents shifted from the monsoonal wind-driven currents to the North Pacific waters, and then the modern circulation system. The Middle Miocene mounded drifts were likely sourced by the coarse-grained carbonate sands. Fluid flow escaped from the coarse-grained contourite layers and natural gas leakage occurs on the seafloor. Shallow-water carbonate contourite drifts can be served as a good gas reservoir and have great economic potential.
Factors associated with mood disorders and the efficacy of the targeted treatment of functional dyspepsia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Huang Qian , Zheng Shaopeng , Cai Ting , Zhang Suxin , Su Qian , Wang Fen 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are often accompanied by mood disorders (MDs). This study aimed to identify factors associated with MDs in patients with FD and evaluate the efficacy of targeted treatment plans.MethodsRelevant scales were used to assess MDs. Patients with FD having MDs and acid reflux were treated with flupentixol and melitracen (FM) and acid-suppressive therapy (AST) (histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) (group A) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (group B)), and those without acid reflux (group C) did not receive AST. Patients with FD without MDs were randomly administered H2RAs (group D) or PPIs (group E). The primary endpoints were factors associated with MDs and improvement in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and MDs in patients with FD.ResultsA total of 362 patients with FD were enrolled in this study. Patients with FD having high GI score and low education were found prone to MDs. At week 2, the remission rate of overall GI symptoms and depression was significantly higher in group B than that in groups A and C [GI: 72.72% (32/44) vs. 47.73% (21/44) and 72.72% (32/44) vs. 38.94% (44/113), all P &lt; 0.05; depression: 72.22% (26/36) vs. 41.67% (15/36) and 72.22% (26/36) vs. 41.57% (37/89), all P &lt; 0.05]. Furthermore, the remission rate of overall GI symptoms was significantly higher in group E than that in group D [60.29% (41/68) vs. 42.65% (29/68), P &lt; 0.05]. At week 8, similar efficacies and adverse reactions were observed in these groups.ConclusionThe risk factors for MDs were high GI scores and low literacy rates. Thus, targeted treatment (FM+PPIs for patients with MDs; PPIs for patients without MDs) can improve the efficacy of patients with FD.Clinical trial registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100053126.
Simple surrogate equations to predict controlled attenuation parameter values for screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population
Authors: Liu Hanying , Li Xiao , Han Xiaodong , Zhang Yan , Gu Yanting , Sun Lianjie , Han Junfeng , Tu Yinfang , Bao Yuqian , Bai Wenkun , Yu Haoyong 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained by FibroScan reflects the level of liver steatosis in patients with obesity. Our study aimed to construct a simple equation to predict the CAP, to facilitate the screening and monitoring of patients at high risk for NAFLD.MethodsA total of 272 subjects were randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts at a ratio of 1:2. The derivation set was used for constructing a multiple linear regression model; the validation set was used to verify the validity of the model.ResultsSeveral variables strongly correlated with the CAP were used to construct the following equation for predicting CAP values:CAP1 = 2.4 × BMI + 10.5 × TG+ 3.6 × NC + 10.3 × CP +31.0, where BMI is body mass index, TG is triglyceride, NC is neck circumference and CP is C-peptide. The CAP1 model had an R2 of 0.764 and adjusted R2 of 0.753. It was then simplified to derive CAP2 included only simple anthropometric parameters: CAP2 = 3.5 × BMI + 4.2 × NC + 20.3 (R2 = 0.696, adjusted R2 = 0.689). The data were well fitted by both models. In the verification group, the predicted (CAP1 and CAP2) values were compared to the actual CAP values. For the CAP1 equation, R2 = 0.653, adjusted R2 = 0.651. For the CAP2 equation, R2 = 0.625, adjusted R2 = 0.623. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were 0.781 for CAP1 and 0.716 for CAP2 (p &lt; 0.001). The actual CAP and the predicted CAP also showed good agreement in Bland-Altman plot.ConclusionThe equations for predicting the CAP value comprise easily accessible variables, and showed good stability and predictive power. Thus, they can be used as simple surrogate tools for early screening and follow-up of NAFLD in the Chinese population.
Association Between NPHS2 p.R229Q and Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis/Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Qiongxiu , Weng Qinjie , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Yunzi , Tong Jun , Hao Xu , Shi Hao , Shen Pingyan , Ren Hong , Xie Jingyuan , Chen Nan 
Published: July 2022

AimNPHS2is the coding gene of podocin. This study aims to investigate the association betweenNPHS2p.R229Q (rs61747728), the most frequently reported missense variant ofNPHS2, and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) based on typing the variant in a Chinese FSGS/SRNS cohort and conducting a meta-analysis.MethodWe recruited patients with FSGS or SRNS and healthy individuals. To conduct a meta-analysis, all studies on p.R229Q and FSGS/SRNS were searched from public databases.ResultsIn total, we enrolled 204 patients with FSGS, 61 patients with SRNS [46 with FSGS, 9 with minimal change disease (MCD), and six patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)], and 100 healthy controls. Unexpectedly, p.R229Q was absent in the patients from our cohort. By meta-analysis of 21 studies including 2,489 patients with FSGS/SRNS and 6,004 healthy controls, we confirmed that the A allele of p.R229Q was significantly associated with increased risk of FSGS/SRNS (allelic OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.44-2.52,P&lt; 0.001). However, the subgroup analysis showed that the association between p.R229Q and FSGS/SRNS was true only in Caucasians (allelic OR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.54-2.98,P&lt; 0.001) and in early-onset patients (allelic OR: 2.13, 95% CI = 1.21-3.76,P= 0.009).ConclusionNPHS2p.R229Q may play an important role in enhancing the susceptibility of FSGS/SRNS, especially in ethnicity of Caucasian and age of early-onset patients.
Machine learning-based improvement of an online rheumatology referral and triage system
Authors: Knitza Johannes , Janousek Lena , Kluge Felix , von der Decken Cay Benedikt , Kleinert Stefan , Vorbrüggen Wolfgang , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Hueber Axel J. , Muehlensiepen Felix , Vuillerme Nicolas , Schett Georg , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Welcker Martin , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionRheport is an online rheumatology referral system allowing automatic appointment triaging of new rheumatology patient referrals according to the respective probability of an inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD). Previous research reported that Rheport was well accepted among IRD patients. Its accuracy was, however, limited, currently being based on an expert-based weighted sum score. This study aimed to evaluate whether machine learning (ML) models could improve this limited accuracy.Materials and methodsData from a national rheumatology registry (RHADAR) was used to train and test nine different ML models to correctly classify IRD patients. Diagnostic performance was compared of ML models and the current algorithm was compared using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Feature importance was investigated using shapley additive explanation (SHAP).ResultsA complete data set of 2265 patients was used to train and test ML models. 30.5% of patients were diagnosed with an IRD, 69.3% were female. The diagnostic accuracy of the current Rheport algorithm (AUROC of 0.534) could be improved with all ML models, (AUROC ranging between 0.630 and 0.737). Targeting a sensitivity of 90%, the logistic regression model could double current specificity (17% vs. 33%). Finger joint pain, inflammatory marker levels, psoriasis, symptom duration and female sex were the five most important features of the best performing logistic regression model for IRD classification.ConclusionIn summary, ML could improve the accuracy of a currently used rheumatology online referral system. Including further laboratory parameters and enabling individual feature importance adaption could increase accuracy and lead to broader usage.
Quantitative Evaluation of a Cross-Sectional Area of the Fetal Straight Sinus by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Value
Authors: Fu Shi-Jia , Xu Jing-Bo , Liu Xin , Cao Yi-Min , Yi Ze-Xi , Zhou Li-Xia 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe intracranial venous system plays an important role in ensuring blood circulation and a stable blood supply to the fetal brain. In the present study, a cross-sectional area of the fetal straight sinus was quantitatively evaluated by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore the method's clinical value.MethodsThe clinical and MRI data of 126 normal fetuses in mid-to-late stage pregnancies were retrospectively analyzed. The “dominant” sequence of the fetal straight sinus was selected, and the cross-sectional area of the lumen was measured at each gestational age to obtain the normal range at different ages and to analyze the developmental pattern and characteristics of the fetal straight sinus.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the cross-sectional area of the fetal straight sinus among different gestational ages (P &lt; 0.05). The cross-sectional area of the fetal straight sinus was positively correlated with gestational age (coefficient of determination = 0.6892, P &lt; 0.05). That is, the cross-sectional area of the fetal straight sinus grew with increasing gestational age, and the regression equation was y = 0.27 x – 2.14 (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, there were five fetuses with cerebral venous abnormalities, including four with heart failure and one with venous sinus thrombosis.ConclusionQuantitative measurement of a cross-sectional area of the fetal straight sinus by MRI enhanced understanding of the anatomical features and developmental pattern of fetal cerebral veins and provided a reference for the clinical diagnosis of related diseases and investigation concerning pathogenesis.
Coordinate-based (ALE) meta-analysis of acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Ha Guodong , Tian Zilei , Chen Jiyao , Wang Shuo , Luo Aga , Liu Yunyu , Tang Juan , Lai Ningyuan , Zeng Fang , Lan Lei 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have been widely used to investigate brain regions' alterations in musculoskeletal pain patients. However, inconsistent results have hindered our understanding of the central modulatory effects of acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain. The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain comprehensive evidence of acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain diseases.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine disc Database, Clinical Trial Registration Platform, and Wanfang Database were searched for neuroimaging studies on musculoskeletal pain diseases published from inception up to November 2021. Then, the relevant literature was screened to extract the coordinates that meet the criteria. Finally, the coordinate-based meta-analysis was performed using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm.ResultsA total of 15 neuroimaging studies with 183 foci of activation were included in this study. The ALE meta-analysis revealed activated clusters in multiple cortical and sub-cortical brain structures in response to acupuncture across studies, including the thalamus, insula, caudate, claustrum, and lentiform nucleus.ConclusionsThe studies showed that acupuncture could modulate different brain regions, including the thalamus, insula, caudate, claustrum, and lentiform nucleus. The findings offer several insights into the potential mechanisms of acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain and provide a possible explanation for the observed clinical benefit of this therapy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227850, identifier: CRD42021227850.
Potential Diagnostic Applications of Multi-Delay Arterial Spin Labeling in Early Alzheimer’s Disease: The Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study
Authors: Sun Mengfan , Wang Yan-Li , Li Runzhi , Jiang Jiwei , Zhang Yanling , Li Wenyi , Zhang Yuan , Jia Ziyan , Chappell Michael , Xu Jun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can be a potential biomarker. However, CBF measured by single-delay arterial spin labeling (ASL) for discrimination of mild cognitive impairment (MCI, an early stage of AD) was lack of accuracy. Multi-delay ASL can not only provide CBF quantification but also provide arterial transit time (ATT). Unfortunately, the technique was scarcely applied to the diagnosis of AD. Here, we detected the utility of ASL with 1-delay and 7-delay in ten regions of interest (ROIs) to identify MCI and AD.Materials and MethodsPseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) MRI was acquired on a 3T GE scanner in adults from the Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (CIBL) Study of AD cohort, including 26 normal cognition (NC), 37 MCI, and 39 AD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with 1-delay and 7-delay ASL were performed for the identification of MCI and AD. The DeLong test was used to compare ROC curves.ResultsFor CBF of 1-delay or 7-delay the AUCs showed moderate-high performance for the AD/NC and AD/MCI comparisons (AUC = 0.83∼0.96) (p &lt; 0.001). CBF of 1-delay performed poorly in MCI/NC comparison (AUC = 0.69) (p &lt; 0.001), but CBF of 7-delay fared well with an AUC of 0.79 (p &lt; 0.001). The combination of CBF and ATT of 7-delay showed higher performance for AD/NC, AD/MCI, and MCI/NC comparisons with AUCs of 0.96, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, combination of CBF, ATT, sex, age, APOE ε4, and education improved further the accuracy (p &lt; 0.001). In subgroups analyses, there were no significant differences in CBF of 7-delay ASL for identification of AD or MCI between age subgroups (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of CBF and ATT with 7-delay ASL showed higher performance for identification of MCI than CBF of 1-delay, when adding to sex, age, APOE ε4 carrier status, and education years, the diagnostic performance was further increased, presenting a potential imaging biomarker in early AD.
Effects of oily fish and its fatty acid intake on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development among South Korean adults
Authors: Tan Li-Juan , Shin Sangah 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe benefits of fish fatty acid intake for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are rarely reported, although a previous study assessed the relationship between oily fish consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD.AimsWe investigated whether oily fish and fish-based monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids affect the development of NAFLD in South Korean adults.MethodsIn this large-scale cohort study, 44,139 participants of the Health Examinees study were selected for analysis after 5 years of follow-up. NAFLD is diagnosed with a non-invasive index, the fatty liver index. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, body mass index, total energy intake, education, physical activity, smoking status, and drinking (alcohol) status, we calculated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFor men, NAFLD had no statistically significant associations with quartiles of total oily fish or its fatty acid intake. However, among women, an inverse association was observed (all p for trend &lt;0.05). Regarding the standard deviation (SD) increment of total oily fish or its fatty acid intake by one, all fatty acids from oily fish showed inverse associations for NAFLD in both men and women. After stratified analyses, we found that drinking status and menopause status were independent risk factors for NAFLD. Oily fish or its fatty acid intake has the same benefit pattern on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease as NAFLD.ConclusionOily fish and its fatty acid intake showed a preventative benefit for NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, especially in South Korean women.