bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEEDING to Enable Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in Undiluted Biological Samples
Authors: Sabaté del Río Jonathan , Woo Hyun‐Kyung , Park Juhee , Ha Hong Koo , Kim Jae‐Ryong , Cho Yoon‐Kyoung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrochemical biosensors have shown great potential for simple, fast, and cost‐effective point‐of‐care diagnostic tools. However, direct analysis of complex biological fluids such as plasma has been limited by the loss of sensitivity caused by biofouling. By increasing the surface area, the nanostructured electrode can improve detection sensitivity. However, like a double‐edged sword, a large surface area increases the nonspecific adsorption of contaminating proteins. The use of nanoporous structures may prevent fouling proteins. However, there is no straightforward approach for creating nanostructured and nanoporous surfaces compatible with microfabricated thin‐film electrodes. Herein, the preferential etching of chloride and surfactant‐assisted anisotropic gold reduction to create homogeneous, nanostructured, and nanoporous gold electrodes is demonstrated, yielding a 190 ± 20 times larger surface area within a minute without using templates. This process, “surfactant‐based electrochemical etch‐deposit interplay for nanostructure/nanopore growth” (SEEDING), on electrodes enhances the sensitivity and antibiofouling capabilities of amperometric biosensors, enabling direct analysis of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) in complex biofluids with a limit of detection of 300 tEVs µL−1 from undiluted plasma and good discrimination between patients with prostate cancer from healthy ones with an area under the curve of 0.91 in urine and 0.90 in plasma samples.
Defective Fe Metal–Organic Frameworks Enhance Metabolic Profiling for High‐Accuracy Diagnosis of Human Cancers
Authors: Yang Jing , Yin Xia , Zhang Longzhou , Zhang Xiwen , Lin Yue , Zhuang Linzhou , Liu Wanshan , Zhang Ru , Yan Xuecheng , Shi Li , Di Wen , Feng Lei , Jia Yi , Wang Jinlan , Qian Kun , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancers heavily threaten human life; therefore, a high‐accuracy diagnosis is vital to protect human beings from the suffering of cancers. While biopsies and imaging methods are widely used as current technologies for cancer diagnosis, a new detection platform by metabolic analysis is expected due to the significant advantages of fast, simple, and cost‐effectiveness with high body tolerance. However, the signal of molecule biomarkers is too weak to acquire high‐accuracy diagnosis. Herein, precisely engineered metal–organic frameworks for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, allowing favorable charge transfer within the molecule–substrate interface and mitigated thermal dissipation by adjusting the phonon scattering with metal nodes, are developed. Consequently, a surprising signal enhancement of ≈10 000‐fold is achieved, resulting in diagnosis of three major cancers (liver/lung/kidney cancer) with area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.908–0.964 and accuracy of 83.2%–90.6%, which promises a universal detection tool for large‐scale clinical diagnosis of human cancers.
Distinct UV–Visible Responsivity Enhancement of GaAs Photodetectors via Monolithic Integration of Antireflective Nanopillar Structure and UV Absorbing IGZO Layer
Authors: Liao Yikai , Zheng Yixiong , Shin Sang‐Ho , Zhao Zhi‐Jun , An Shu , Seo Jung‐Hun , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Kim Munho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBroadband ultraviolet–visible photodetection has been attracting growing research interests in fields of environment, energy, and imaging. Considering the suitable bandgap and high absorption coefficient, GaAs is one of the best candidates for ultraviolet–visible photodetection. In this work, a monolithic integration strategy of nanopillar antireflective structure and InGaZnO (IGZO) ultraviolet absorbing layer is proposed to enhance the ultraviolet–visible spectral responsivity of GaAs photodetectors. Both nanopillar topography and IGZO layer exhibit antireflective performance, leading to the enhancement of the light absorption and responsivity of the photodetectors. By the combination of nanopillar structure and IGZO layer, a distinct responsivity enhancement of more than one‐order magnitude covering 300–800 nm wavelength range is realized compared with planar GaAs photodetectors. This work offers great promises for advanced GaAs‐based ultraviolet–visible optoelectronics.
Microscale Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes (Micro‐PeLEDs) for Full‐Color Displays
Authors: Bai Wenhao , Xuan Tongtong , Zhao Haiyan , Shi Shuchen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Tianliang , Wang Le , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGroup III–V semiconductor‐based microscale light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) displays are recognized as one of the most promising display technologies with superhigh brightness and resolution, strong contrast, and superlarge color gamut but currently suffer from low efficiency, low production yield, and high cost. Here, it is proposed to realize cost‐effective and full‐color micro‐LED displays by using microscale perovskite quantum dot LEDs (micro‐PeLEDs) as emitters. Bright and uniform red‐, green‐, and blue‐emitting (RGB) micro‐PeLED arrays with each pixel size as small as 45 µm are fabricated by in situ inkjet printing a perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) emissive layer in the structure of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/PeQD/1,3,5‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi)/LiF/Al. These RGB micro‐PeLED arrays display an external quantum efficiency of 0.832%, 0.419%, and 0.052% for red, green, and blue colors, a resolution of 210 PPI, and a wide color gamut (135% of the National Television Standards Committee standard). The authors further demonstrate flexible and full‐color active‐matrix micro‐PeLED displays, which have potential applications in future ultrahigh‐definition displays, light communication, and artificial intelligence.
Tailoring Lanthanide Upconversion Luminescence through Material Designs and Regulation Strategies
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Liu Chen‐Guang , Wen Yuan , Wang Shi‐Bin , Chen Ai‐Zheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe anti‐Stokes upconversion luminescence (UCL) generated from lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has been highly favorable. Nevertheless, the future success of UCNPs is critically reliant on efficient tailoring of UCL, which has always been intensively focused and comprehensively studied. Notably, in recent years, several reports propose paradigm‐shifting techniques and strategies in tailoring UCL, which greatly accelerate the development of the field. Therefore, the authors feel there is an urge to conduct an essential review and discussion on recent advances in tailoring UCL via internal material designs and external regulation strategies. The review starts with explicit discussions on the intricate material design of UCNPs, including orthogonal UCNP designs, hybrid upconversion systems, and highly doped designs. Subsequently, tailoring UCL via remote regulation strategies will be reviewed, including the upconversion manipulation with a microcavity, near‐field effect, excitation power density, heat, and polarization angle. The innovations in the UCL tailoring strategies have significantly contributed to the progression of the field. The results demonstrated in these studies can potentially trigger new experimental designs in lots of other areas and further promote the future practical application of UCNPs.
Hysteresis‐Suppressed Reversible Oxygen‐Redox Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Voronina Natalia , Shin Min‐Young , Kim Hee‐Jae , Yaqoob Najma , Guillon Olivier , Song Seok Hyun , Kim Hyungsub , Lim Hee‐Dae , Jung Hun‐Gi , Kim Younghak , Lee Han‐Koo , Lee Kug‐Seung , Yazawa Koji , Gotoh Kazuma , Kaghazchi Payam , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOxygen‐redox‐based cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the possibility of delivering additional capacity in the high‐voltage region. However, they still suffer from not only fast capacity fading but also poor rate capability. Herein, P2‐Na0.75[Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.7]O2 is introduced, an oxygen‐redox‐based layered oxide cathode material for SIBs. The effect of Ni doping on the electrochemical performance is investigated by comparison with Ni‐free P2‐Na0.67[Li0.22Mn0.78]O2. The Na0.75[Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.7]O2 delivers a specific capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 in the voltage region of 1.5–4.6 V at 0.1 C in Na cells. Combined experiments (galvanostatic cycling, neutron powder diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (7Li NMR)) and theoretical studies (density functional theory calculations) confirm that Ni substitution not only increases the operating voltage and decreases voltage hysteresis but also improves the cycling stability by reducing Li migration from transition metal to Na layers. This research demonstrates the effect of Li and Ni co‐doping in P2‐type layered materials and suggests a new strategy of using Mn‐rich cathode materials via oxygen redox with optimization of doping elements for SIBs.
Advanced Ru/Ni/WC@NPC Multi‐Interfacial Electrocatalyst for Efficient Sustainable Hydrogen and Chlor‐Alkali Co‐Production
Authors: Salah Abdulwahab , Zhang Lunan , Tan Huaqiao , Yu Feiyang , Lang Zhongling , Al‐Ansi Nabilah , Li Yangguang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRational design and construction of a new high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst operating stably under high temperature, strong alkaline, and high salt conditions are the key challenges for realizing economically sustainable hydrogen generation and low energy consumption chlor‐alkali co‐production. Herein, according to requirements of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts under chlor‐alkali electrolysis conditions, a three‐component Ru/Ni/WC electrocatalyst with a weak exothermic effect for the water adsorption step (∆HH2O = −0.12 eV), low water dissociation energy barrier (ΔGb = 0.61 eV), and close‐to‐zero Gibbs free adsorption energy (∆GH* = −0.03 eV) is designed through density functional theory calculations. Under the guidance of theoretical calculations, a novel multi‐interface composite electrocatalyst is successfully prepared, denoted as Ru/Ni/WC@NPC (Ru wt.% = 4.13%). In a strongly alkaline medium, Ru/Ni/WC@NPC (Ru wt.% = 4.13%) records an excellent HER electrocatalytic activity with a very low overpotential (η10 = −3 mV) at 20 °C and even demonstrates exciting HER behavior at 90 °C (η10 = +2.8 mV). Most importantly, the electrochemical test under simulated chlor‐alkali electrolysis condition demonstrates better HER performance than the industrial cathode material of commercial 20% Pt/C and low carbon steel. Generally, this study reveals a new strategy and reference for constructing effective and robust HER electrocatalysts that match with the chlor‐alkali industry.
Photocharging of Semiconductor Materials: Database, Quantitative Data Analysis, and Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Savateev Oleksandr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotocharging or photodoping is a process in which electrons are accumulated in a semiconductor upon bandgap excitation followed by quenching of the photogenerated holes by reductants. In semiconductors with excess of electrons, negative charge is compensated by cations, of which the most ubiquitous is H+. Photocharging of semiconductors has been studied since 1980s both from a fundamental perspective and application—as source of electrons and protons for reduction of organic compounds in the dark, solar‐to‐electric energy conversion, and recently also in the design of autonomous microswimmers. In this review, experimental data collected over 40 years of research are summarized and quantified. Maximum specific concentration of electrons stored in 1 g of a semiconductor, maximum average number of electrons stored per semiconductor particle, initial rate of photocharging, and initial rate of discharging are calculated for six classes of semiconductor materials, Ti‐, Zn‐, Cd‐, In‐, W‐based and graphitic carbon nitrides. Dependence of these parameters on material specific surface area, particle volume, and other properties is analyzed and trends are derived. A public database of photocharged materials is created to facilitate design of high‐performing materials with photocharging function, their application as rechargeable reductants in organic synthesis and development of devices.
Light Management in Perovskite Photovoltaic Solar Cells: A Perspective
Authors: Berry Florian , Mermet‐Lyaudoz Raphaël , Cuevas Davila Jose Maria , Djemmah Djihad Amina , Nguyen Hai Son , Seassal Christian , Fourmond Erwann , Chevalier Céline , Amara Mohamed , Drouard Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight management is essential for metal‐halide perovskite solar cells to achieve record performance. In this review, criteria on materials, processes, and photonic engineering are established to enhance primarily the short circuit current density for high energy yields. These criteria are used to analyze a large panel of solutions envisaged in the literature for single junction cells. In addition, a perspective acquired from rigorous electromagnetic simulations performed on various comparable structures is introduced to clarify the results of the analyses and to pave the way for further performance enhancement in the case of all‐perovskite, two‐terminal tandem cells.
High‐Energy Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials for Long‐Range and Long‐Life Electric Vehicles
Authors: Namkoong Been , Park Nam‐Yung , Park Geon‐Tae , Shin Ji‐Yong , Beierling Thorsten , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLi‐ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) are usually operated intermittently and maintained at high states of charge (SoCs) for long periods. Because the internal particles of Ni‐rich cathodes are easily exposed to the electrolyte at high SoCs owing to mechanical instability, the electrolyte exposure time—during which highly reactive Ni4+ ions react with the electrolyte—critically affects the degradation of the cathode. Here, 1 mol% B doping of a core–shell concentration gradient (CSG) Li[Ni0.88Co0.10Al0.02]O2 cathode (CSG‐NCA88) is shown to dramatically alter the microstructure of the cathode and effectively protect the particle interior from parasitic electrolyte attack. The B‐doped CSG‐NCA88 cathode, CSG‐NCAB87, maintains its original microstructure even after holding for 500 h in the fully charged state, whereas irreversible structural damage occurs in the pristine CSG‐NCA88 cathode during the prolonged electrolyte exposure. The long‐term cycling results confirm that the capacity retention of the cathodes is determined by the electrolyte exposure time at a high SoC and that microstructural modification can effectively suppress the time‐dependent degradation from electrolyte attack. The proposed CSG‐NCAB87 cathode can be utilized at full capacity without restricting the SoC, thus realizing the development of economical high‐energy‐density LIBs.
Segregation and intermixing in polydisperse liquid–solid fluidized beds: A multifluid model validation study
Authors: Tiwari Shashank S. , Ghatage Swapnil V. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. , Kong Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultifluid model (MFM) simulations have been carried out on liquid–solid fluidized beds (LSFB) consisting of binary and higher‐order polydisperse particle mixtures. The role of particle–particle interactions was found to be as crucial as the drag force under laminar and homogenous LSFB flow regimes. The commonly used particle–particle closure models are designed for turbulent and heterogeneous gas–solid flow regimes and thus exhibit limited to no success when implemented for LSFB operating under laminar and homogenous conditions. A need is perceived to carry out direct numerical simulations of liquid–solid flows and extract data from them to develop rational closure terms to account for the physics of LSFB. Finally, a recommendation flow regime map signifying the performance of the MFM has been proposed. This map will act as a potential guideline to identify whether or not the bed expansion characteristics of a given polydisperse LSFB can be correctly simulated using MFM closures tested.
The immature Homo naledi ilium from the Lesedi Chamber, Rising Star Cave, South Africa
Authors: Cofran Zachary , VanSickle Caroline , Valenzuela Reynaldo , García‐Martínez Daniel , Walker Christopher S. , Hawks John , Zipfel Bernhard , Williams Scott A. , Berger Lee R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesHomo naledi is represented by abundant remains from the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system in South Africa. While pelvic elements from the Dinaledi Chamber of the cave are fragmentary, a relatively complete ilium (U.W. 102a–138) was recovered from the Lesedi Chamber. We reconstructed and analyzed the Lesedi ilium, providing qualitative descriptions and quantitative assessment of its morphology and developmental state.Materials and MethodsWe compared the Lesedi ilium to remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, other South African hominin fossils, and an ontogenetic series of human ilia. We used the Dinaledi adults as a guide for reconstructing the Lesedi ilium. To assess development of the Lesedi ilium, we compared immature/mature proportional ilium height for fossils and humans. We used 3D geometric morphometrics (GMs) to examine size and shape variation among this sample.ResultsThe Lesedi ilium showed incipient development of features expressed in adult H. naledi ilia. The proportional height of the Lesedi ilium was within the range of human juveniles between 4–11 years of age. GM analyses showed that the Lesedi ilium had an iliac blade shape similar to those of australopiths and an expanded auricular surface more similar to humans.ConclusionsThe reconstructed Lesedi specimen represents the best preserved ilium of H. naledi, confirming the australopith‐like iliac blade morphology first hypothesized in adult specimens, and establishing that this anatomy was present early in this species' ontogeny. In contrast to australopiths, the Lesedi ilium displays an enlarged sacroiliac joint, the significance of which requires further investigation.
Quantification of amyloid beta and tau PET without a structural MRI
Authors: Landau Susan M. , Ward Tyler J. , Murphy Alice , Iaccarino Leonardo , Harrison Theresa M. , La Joie Renaud , Baker Suzanne , Koeppe Robert A. , Jagust William J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionRelying on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) images may limit generalizability of the results. We evaluated several MRI‐free approaches for amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau PET quantification relative to MRI‐dependent quantification cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.MethodsWe compared baseline MRI‐free and MRI‐dependent measurements of Aβ PET ([18F]florbetapir [FBP], N = 1290, [18F]florbetaben [FBB], N = 290) and tau PET ([18F]flortaucipir [FTP], N = 768) images with respect to continuous and dichotomous agreement, effect sizes of Aβ+ impaired versus Aβ– unimpaired groups, and longitudinal standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) slopes in a subset of individuals.ResultsThe best‐performing MRI‐free approaches had high continuous and dichotomous agreement with MRI‐dependent SUVRs for Aβ PET and temporal flortaucipir (R2 ≥0.95; ± agreement ≥92%) and for Alzheimer's disease–related effect sizes; agreement was slightly lower for entorhinal flortaucipir and longitudinal slopes.DiscussionThere is no consistent loss of baseline or longitudinal AD‐related signal with MRI‐free Aβ and tau PET image quantification.
Use of blood pressure measurements extracted from the electronic health record in predicting Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective cohort study at two medical centers
Authors: Tjandra Donna , Migrino Raymond Q. , Giordani Bruno , Wiens Jenna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudies investigating the relationship between blood pressure (BP) measurements from electronic health records (EHRs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rely on summary statistics, like BP variability, and have only been validated at a single institution. We hypothesize that leveraging BP trajectories can accurately estimate AD risk across different populations.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, EHR data from Veterans Affairs (VA) patients were used to train and internally validate a machine learning model to predict AD onset within 5 years. External validation was conducted on patients from Michigan Medicine (MM).ResultsThe VA and MM cohorts included 6860 and 1201 patients, respectively. Model performance using BP trajectories was modest but comparable (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.73] for VA vs. AUROC = 0.66 [95% CI = 0.55–0.76] for MM).ConclusionApproaches that directly leverage BP trajectories from EHR data could aid in AD risk stratification across institutions.
Early Predictors of Clinical andMRIOutcomes UsingLeast Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bose Gauruv , Healy Brian C. , Lokhande Hrishikesh A. , Sotiropoulos Marinos G. , Polgar‐Turcsanyi Mariann , Anderson Mark , Glanz Bonnie I. , Guttman Charles R. G. , Bakshi Rohit , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify predictors in common between different clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing predictive models.MethodsWe analyzed 704 patients from our center seen at MS onset, measuring 37 baseline demographic, clinical, treatment, and MRI predictors, and 10‐year outcomes. Our primary aim was identifying predictors in common among clinical outcomes: aggressive MS, benign MS, and secondary‐progressive (SP)MS. We also investigated MRI outcomes: T2 lesion volume (T2LV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). The performance of the full 37‐predictor model was compared with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐selected model of predictors in common between each outcome by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).ResultsThe full 37‐predictor model was highly predictive of clinical outcomes: in‐sample AUC was 0.91 for aggressive MS, 0.81 for benign MS, and 0.81 for SPMS. After variable selection, 10 LASSO‐selected predictors were in common between each clinical outcome: age, Expanded Disability Status Scale, pyramidal, cerebellar, sensory and bowel/bladder signs, timed 25‐foot walk ≥6 seconds, poor attack recovery, no sensory attacks, and time‐to‐treatment. This reduced model had comparable cross‐validation AUC as the full 37‐predictor model: 0.84 versus 0.81 for aggressive MS, 0.75 versus 0.73 for benign MS, and 0.76 versus 0.75 for SPMS, respectively. In contrast, 10‐year MRI outcomes were more strongly influenced by initial T2LV and BPF than clinical outcomes.InterpretationEarly prognostication of MS is possible using LASSO modeling to identify a limited set of accessible clinical features. These predictive models can be clinically usable in treatment decision making once implemented into web‐based calculators. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:87–96