bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical optimization of technology for reducing the roughness of metal surfaces
Authors: Konstantinova A A , Ya Yakupov Z , Galimova R K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The processes that occur at the solid electrode-electrolyte interface and in the discharge gap during surface treatment with a vapor-gas discharge are a set of various interrelated phenomena, such as physical, chemical and electrochemical ones. The main physicochemical phenomena that determine the process of processing metal surfaces are the electric field, modes of heat and mass transfer between the processed metal surface and the liquid medium (electrolyte). Due to the large number of physical parameters that significantly affect the processing of a part, difficulties arise in planning and conducting experiments in order to optimize the technology for processing metal surfaces. This problem can be solved using mathematical modeling, which allows you to explore various processes and phenomena at no additional cost. The proposed mathematical model will be useful both at the stage of processing the measurement results and in preparing for the experiment.
The effect of nonlinear acoustic oscillations on the current-voltage characteristics of a glow discharge
Authors: Fadeev S A , Saifutdinov A I , Kashapov N F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work the effect of nonlinear acoustic oscillations on the current-voltage characteristics of a glow discharge are investigated experimentally. At fixed current values, an increase in the electrical resistance of the glow discharge and the energy input is observed. In the experiment, nonlinear medium oscillations are observed.
Temperature distribution of the gas on the axis at longitudinal intensive oscillations in an open tube near resonance
Authors: Gubaidullin D A , Shaidullin L R , Zaripov R G , Tkachenko L A , Fadeev S A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The oscillations of gas pressure along the axis of an open tube near resonance are investigated. The temperature distribution of the gas along the axis in the open tube using a thermistor was obtained. An acoustothermal effect at the resonance frequency in the form of an irregular axial temperature distribution in the tube is detected.
Electrical resistance through the metallic granular packings
Authors: Dujak D , Đekić M , Ćubela D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The resistance drop with time in metallic granular materials has been the subject of research since the 19th century, but it is still not fully clarified. The wider application of granular materials in the industry has contributed to the increased interest in this phenomenon. The key parameters that are mainly examined are as follows: the influence of different packings, dimensions, and shapes of the granules, as well as the influence of the pressure, exerted on them. However, there is a limited number of papers that examine the temporal evolution of the resistance in these materials. In this report, we investigate how different packings of two-dimensional stainless steel beads (inox) as well as different currents injected into them affect the temporal evolution of resistance. We also examine the effect of the breaks in the current flow for the current varied between 0.2 and 8 mA for both inox beads as well as low-carbon steel cylinders. The results show the drop of resistance over time for all current values, which is more pronounced in earlier stages of the time evolution. Interruptions in current flow cause an immediate decrease of resistance in both materials.
Improvement of a microfiber filter for domestic washing machines
Authors: Masselter Tom , Schaumann Uwe , Kampowski Tim , Ulrich Kim , Thielen Marc , Bold Georg , Speck Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of enhanced processes for filtration is one solution for stopping the increasing freshwater and sea pollution caused by microplastic and microfibers. Major contributors to micro-X pollution are domestic devices such as washing machines, which also hold a high technical potential for separating problematic soils from waste water during cleaning cycles. The focus of the present paper are the biomimetic development of a novel concept for filtration and removal of particles such as microfibers in conventional washing machines. To this goal, a TRIZ analysis yielded viable solutions for the major key issues. In a next step, measurements were made with various filters with and without ribbed structures. The results are promising for the incorporation in a filter concept that is easy to operate and cost-effective.
Controlling distribution of prime sequences in discretely ordered principal ideal subrings of ℚ[𝕩]
Authors: Glivická Jana , Sgallová Ester , Šaroch Jan 
Published: December 2022

We show how to construct discretely ordered principal ideal subrings of

Q

[
x
]

\mathbb {Q}[x]

with various types of prime behaviour. Given any set

D

\mathcal D

consisting of finite strictly increasing sequences

(

d
1

,

d
2

,
…
,

d
l

)

(d_1,d_2,\dots , d_l)

of positive integers such that, for each prime integer

p
p

, the set

{
p

Z

,

d
1

+
p

Z

,
…
,

d
l

+
p

Z

}

\{p\mathbb {Z}, d_1+p\mathbb {Z},\dots , d_l+p\mathbb {Z}\}

does not contain all the cosets modulo

p
p

, we can stipulate to have, for each

(

d
1

,
…
,

d
l

)
∈

D

(d_1,\dots , d_l)\in \mathcal D

, a cofinal set of progressions

(
f
,
f
+

d
1

,
…
,
f
+

d
l

)

(f, f+d_1, \dots , f+d_l)

of prime elements in our principal ideal domain

R
τ

R_\tau

. Moreover, we can simultaneously guarantee that each positive prime

g
∈

R
τ

∖

N

g\in R_\tau \setminus \mathbb {N}

is either in a prescribed progression as above or there is no other prime

h
h

in

R
τ

R_\tau

such that

g
−
h
∈

Z

g-h\in \mathbb {Z}

.

Finally, all the principal ideal domains we thus construct are non-Euclidean and isomorphic to subrings of the ring

Z

^

\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}

of profinite integers.
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenomas: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Tondi-Resta Isabella , Hobday Sara B , Gubbiotti Maria A , Jalaly Jalal B , Rassekh Christopher H , Montone Kathleen T , Baloch Zubair W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To provide an institutional experience with cases diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), including the cytologic and histologic findings and clinical follow-up, followed by a comparison to the experience documented in the literature.

Methods
We identified cases of CXPA diagnosed at our institution from 2011 to 2021 and reviewed the cytologic and histologic diagnoses, as well as the treatment and clinical outcomes. Additionally, a literature review of the English literature was performed on CXPAs from 2011 to 2021.

Results
Forty-one cases of CXPA were identified, with the majority subclassified as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Five tumors underwent cytogenetic studies and five underwent molecular studies. To date, 36 patients are alive, 8 of whom experienced locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis.

Conclusions
Our institutional experience was comparable to that reported in the literature. Further studies are required to inquire about the role of molecular profiles of CXPAs in clinical risk assessment.
Diverse mangroves deviate from other angiosperms in their genome size, leaf cell size and cell packing density relationships
Authors: Jiang Guo-Feng , Li Su-Yuan , Dinnage Russell , Cao Kun-Fang , Simonin Kevin A , Roddy Adam B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
While genome size limits the minimum sizes and maximum numbers of cells that can be packed into a given leaf volume, mature cell sizes can be substantially larger than their meristematic precursors and vary in response to abiotic conditions. Mangroves are iconic examples of how abiotic conditions can influence the evolution of plant phenotypes.

Methods
Here, we examined the coordination between genome size, leaf cell sizes, cell packing densities and leaf size in 13 mangrove species across four sites in China. Four of these species occurred at more than one site, allowing us to test the effect of climate on leaf anatomy.

Results
We found that genome sizes of mangroves were very small compared to other angiosperms, but, like other angiosperms, mangrove cells were always larger than the minimum size defined by genome size. Increasing mean annual temperature of a growth site led to higher packing densities of veins (Dv) and stomata (Ds) and smaller epidermal cells but had no effect on stomatal size. In contrast to other angiosperms, mangroves exhibited (1) a negative relationship between guard cell size and genome size; (2) epidermal cells that were smaller than stomata; and (3) coordination between Dv and Ds that was not mediated by epidermal cell size. Furthermore, mangrove epidermal cell sizes and packing densities covaried with leaf size.

Conclusions
While mangroves exhibited coordination between veins and stomata and attained a maximum theoretical stomatal conductance similar to that of other angiosperms, the tissue-level tradeoffs underlying these similar relationships across species and environments were markedly different, perhaps indicative of the unique structural and physiological adaptations of mangroves to their stressful environments.
Neurophysiological consequences of synapse loss in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Adams Natalie E , Jafarian Amirhossein , Perry Alistair , Rouse Matthew A , Shaw Alexander D , Murley Alexander G , Cope Thomas E , Bevan-Jones W Richard , Passamonti Luca , Street Duncan , Holland Negin , Nesbitt David , Hughes Laura E , Friston Karl J , Rowe James B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synaptic loss occurs early in many neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to cognitive impairment even in the absence of gross atrophy. Currently, for human disease there are few formal models to explain how cortical networks underlying cognition are affected by synaptic loss. We advocate that biophysical models of neurophysiology offer both a bridge from preclinical to clinical models of pathology and quantitative assays for experimental medicine. Such biophysical models can also disclose hidden neuronal dynamics generating neurophysiological observations such as EEG and magnetoencephalography. Here, we augment a biophysically informed mesoscale model of human cortical function by inclusion of synaptic density estimates as captured by 11C-UCB-J PET, and provide insights into how regional synapse loss affects neurophysiology. We use the primary tauopathy of progressive supranuclear palsy (Richardson’s syndrome) as an exemplar condition, with high clinicopathological correlations. Progressive supranuclear palsy causes a marked change in cortical neurophysiology in the presence of mild cortical atrophy and is associated with a decline in cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobe. Using parametric empirical Bayesian inversion of a conductance-based canonical microcircuit model of magnetoencephalography data, we show that the inclusion of regional synaptic density—as a subject-specific prior on laminar-specific neuronal populations—markedly increases model evidence. Specifically, model comparison suggests that a reduction in synaptic density in inferior frontal cortex affects superficial and granular layer glutamatergic excitation. This predicted individual differences in behaviour, demonstrating the link between synaptic loss, neurophysiology and cognitive deficits. The method we demonstrate is not restricted to progressive supranuclear palsy or the effects of synaptic loss: such pathology-enriched dynamic causal models can be used to assess the mechanisms of other neurological disorders, with diverse non-invasive measures of pathology, and is suitable to test the effects of experimental pharmacology.
Black Lives Matter in an EFL speaking class
Authors: Ordem Eser 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Critical pedagogy in ELT mainly aims to encourage learners to address current sociopolitical issues and speak up for change. Thus, encountering a real-world issue might aid in deconstructing a given order of discourse found in the textbooks and gaining a more realistic perspective. This reflective study was conducted at a Turkish university and is based on a participatory approach in which the teacher-researcher and sixteen learners collaborated to develop a mini-syllabus to discuss the American racial movement Black Lives Matter (BLM). Five themes (historical background, activism, current events, media, and online platform) regarding BLM were identified to encourage meaningful action as well as develop oral skills. The outcomes show that the learners voiced their ideas freely in a democratic setting and worked to extract specific lexical phrases. This study brings the topic of BLM into Turkish EFL learners’ setting and invites EFL learners to create meaningful action.
Fascicular ventricular tachycardia arising from the left side His and its adjacent region: a subset of upper septal idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Li Meng-Meng , Wu Xue-Ying , Jiang Chen-Xi , Ning Man , Sang Cai-Hua , Li Song-Nan , Guo Xue-Yuan , Wang Wei , Zhao Xin , Tang Ri-Bo , Zuo Song , Kong Xiang-Yi , Dai Wen-Li , Yang Yang , Li Xu , Long De-Yong , Dong Jian-Zeng , Ma Chang-Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsFascicular ventricle tachycardia (FVT) arising from the proximal aspect of left His-Purkinje system (HPS) has not been specially addressed. Current study was to investigate its clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological characteristics.Methods and resultsEighteen patients who were identified as this rare FVT were consecutively enrolled, and their scalar electrocardiogram and electrophysiological data were collected and analysed. The ventricular tachycardia (VT) morphology was similar to sinus rhythm (SR) in eight patients, left bundle branch block type in one patient, right bundle branch block type in seven patients, and both narrow and wide QRS type in two patients. During VT, right-sided His potential preceded the QRS with His-ventricle (H-V) interval of 36.3 ± 12.4 ms, which was shorter than that during SR (−51.4 ± 8.6 ms) (P = 0.002). The earliest Purkinje potentials (PPs) were recorded within 7 ± 3 mm of left-side His and preceded the QRS by 49.1 ± 14.0 ms. Mapping along the left anterior fascicle and left posterior fascicle revealed an antegrade activation sequence in all with no P1 potentials recorded. In the two patients with two VT morphologies, the earliest PP was documented at the same site, and the activation sequence of HPS remained antegrade. Ablation at the earliest PP successfully eliminated the tachycardia, except one patient who developed complete atrial-ventricular block and two patients who abandoned ablations. After at least 12 months follow-up, 15 patients were free from any recurrences.ConclusionsFascicular ventricle tachycardia arising from the proximal aspect of left HPS was featured by recording slightly shorter H-V interval and absence of P1 potentials. Termination of VT requires ablation at the left-sided His or its adjacent region.
Red yeasts and their carotenogenic enzymes for microbial carotenoid production
Authors: Watcharawipas Akaraphol , Runguphan Weerawat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carotenoids are C40 isoprene-based compounds with significant commercial interests that harbor diverse bioactivities. Prominent examples of carotenoids are beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A essential for proper eye health, and lycopene and astaxanthin, powerful antioxidants implicated in preventing cancers and atherosclerosis. Due to their benefits to human health, the market value for carotenoids is rapidly increasing and is projected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2025. However, their production now relies on chemical synthesis and extraction from plants that pose risks to food management and numerous biological safety issues. Thus, carotenoid production from microbes is considered a promising strategy for achieving a healthy society with more sustainability. Red yeast is a heterogeneous group of basidiomycetous fungi capable of producing carotenoids. It is a critical source of microbial carotenoids from low-cost substrates. Carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts have also been highly efficient, invaluable biological resources for biotechnological applications. In this minireview, we focus on red yeast as a promising source for microbial carotenoids, strain engineering strategies for improving carotenoid production in red yeasts, and potential applications of carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts in conventional and nonconventional yeasts.
Comment of the European Copyright Society Addressing Selected Aspects of the Implementation of Articles 3 to 7 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan , Synodinou Tatiana , Xalabarder Raquel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses a few selected aspects of the implementation of the new mandatory exceptions of Arts. 3 to 7 of the Directive on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market (Directive (EU) 2019/790). These provisions consolidate a trend in EU law to further harmonise exceptions and limitations within the EU internal market, to ensure that copyright law operates in a manner that is compatible with fundamental rights and constitutional norms, including freedom of information and expression, freedom of arts and sciences, freedom to conduct a business, as well as fostering technological and economic development. In this context, we welcome the European legislature’s efforts to extend and update the existing regime of exceptions and limitations to promote cross-border uses and ensure that the system functions more effectively in today’s technological environment. However, while the introduction of the exceptions and limitations established under Arts. 3-6 represents an important step in the right direction, it remains a modest one. Member States will play a fundamental role in securing that the mandatory minimum level of freedom for users under these new exceptions and limitations becomes a reality and should refrain from imposing specific restrictive conditions at national level.
Health promotion partnership to promote physical activity in Swedish children with ASD and ADHD
Authors: Lydell Marie , Kristén Lars , Nyholm Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of inactivity, and efforts to promote physical activity among this population have been limited. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) may be a suitable tool for motivating participation in physical activity among children with these diagnoses. However, PAP calls for synergy and partnership between health care and other sectors of the community. The aim of this study was to describe a health promotion partnership for physical activity targeting children with ASD or ADHD. Data were obtained through individual interviews with professionals at CAP (n = 11) and three focus-group interviews with coaches from local sports clubs. We used the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning as the theoretical framework and used qualitative content analysis as the method of analysis to study partnerships between professionals from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP) and coaches from local sport clubs. The findings demonstrate that the partnerships included both positive and negative processes. Although the two partners shared values regarding the project, such as working for a good cause for the children and seeing the potential in the collaboration, there were doubts about sharing common resources and uncertainties about the sustainability of the PAP project. Challenges remain and further research is needed into developing, monitoring and evaluating health promotion partnerships when promoting physical activity for all.
Helicobacter pyloriand Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Unresolved Enigma
Authors: Pokrotnieks Juris , Sitkin Stanislav 
Published: December 2022

Lay SummaryThe article describes the hypothesis that there may be a noncausal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is related to the host mucin glycan fucosylation status in the gastrointestinal tract. The proposed hypothesis may explain why IBD is less prevalent in patients with H. pylori, and no increased risk of IBD is seen after H. pylori eradication therapy, as was shown in the study by Tanner et al.
Uncovering the flash potential of immigration: attitudes, salience, and far-right support in Europe
Authors: Schnaudt Christian , Stecker Christian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attitudes toward immigrants and immigration are a central explanation for the electoral support of far-right parties. However, while these parties gained strength over the last two decades, European citizens’ views about immigration have not changed much. In this study, we contribute to solving this puzzle by uncovering the flash potential of immigration. With its salience as a politically contested issue increasing, negative yet previously less relevant immigration preferences and evaluations transform more often into politically tangible attitudes and behaviors, such as support for far-right parties. We uncover this flash potential with individual-level ESS data and aggregated measures of issue salience among the public, allowing us to model the conditioning effects of contextual-level immigration salience on the individual-level relationship between immigration attitudes and far-right support. The results from random-effects within-between models analyzing 208,794 individual respondents from 141 country-rounds and 24 countries over the period of 2002–2018 show that the effects of citizens’ attitudes on support for far-right parties are stronger in contexts and periods in which the salience of immigration is higher. Accordingly, while immigration attitudes among European public have not turned more negative over time, they have become more influential for citizens’ party attachments and vote choices.
A Fatal Case Report Resulting from the Abuse of the Designer Benzodiazepines Clonazolam and Flualprazolam in Conjunction with Dried Opium Poppy Pods
Authors: Theofel Nadine , Möller Philipp , Vejmelka Elke , Kramer Claus , Tsokos Michael , Scholtis Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Toxicologists are often confronted with the abuse of multiple drugs and are obliged to decide which compound may have been the cause of death. We report on a 21-year-old man (182 cm, 84 kg), who was found unconscious in his bed. Beside him, the police found several controlled substances, among them were dried opium poppy pods containing thebaine, codeine and morphine, a clear liquid with the designer benzodiazepines flualprazolam and clonazolam and a white powder with the imprint SGT-25, instead of SGT-78 (CUMYL-4CN-BINACA). These compounds were also found in the urine sample following a non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and a targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) screening approach. Subsequently, these compounds were quantified in whole femoral blood and scalp hair. Based on the concentrations measured in femoral blood in particular, we assume that the deceased had taken a lethal dose of the designer benzodiazepines—flualprazolam (0.74 mg/L) and clonazolam (2.08 mg/L), an extremely high dose of the opiates—thebaine (0.81 mg/L), codeine (0.23 mg/L) and morphine (0.13 mg/L ) and a high dose of the synthetic cannabinoid—CUMYL-4CN-BINACA (0.01 mg/L). Besides postmortem concentrations, we also present electron impact and electrospray ionization mass spectra of compounds found in the vicinity of the decedent, namely the tryptamines—4-hydroxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyltryptamine (4-HO-MIPT), 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-methyltryptamine (4-HO-MET) and 4-acetoxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine (4-ACO-DET), the amphetamines—3-fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) and 2-fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) and the arylcyclohexylamines—N-ethyldeschloroketamine (O-PCE), 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) and 3-methoxyeticyclidine (3-MeO-PCE).