bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury are critical molecular drivers of AlCl3-induced testicular and epididymal distortion and dysfunction: protective role of taurine
Authors: Khalaf Hanaa A. , Elsamanoudy Ayman Z. , Abo-Elkhair Salwa M. , Hassan Fatma E. , Mohie Passant M. , Ghoneim Fatma M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAluminum, the third most plentiful metal in the Earth’s crust, has potential for human exposure and harm. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in producing male infertility by inducing defects in sperm functions. We aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced testicular and epididymal damage at the histological, biochemical, and molecular levels, and to assess the potential protective role of taurine. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were separated into four groups (12 in each): negative control, positive control, AlCl3, and AlCl3 plus taurine groups. Testes and epididymis were dissected. Histological and immunohistochemical (Bax and vimentin) studies were carried out. Gene expression of vimentin, PCNA, CHOP, Bcl-2, Bax, and XBP1 were investigated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), besides estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Light and electron microscopic examinations of the testes and epididymis revealed pathological changes emphasizing both mitochondrial injury and ER stress in the AlCl3 group. Taurine-treated rats showed a noticeable improvement in the testicular and epididymal ultrastructure. Moreover, they exhibited increased gene expression of vimentin, Bcl-2, and PNCA accompanied by decreased CHOP, Bax, and XBP1 gene expression. In conclusion, male reproductive impairment is a significant hazard associated with AlCl3 exposure. Both ER stress and mitochondrial impairment are critical mechanisms of the deterioration in the testes and epididymis induced by AlCl3, but taurine can amend this.
Phosphate intake, hyperphosphatemia, and kidney function
Authors: Rubio-Aliaga Isabel , Krapf Reto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Phosphate is essential in living organisms and its blood levels are regulated by a complex network involving the kidneys, intestine, parathyroid glands, and the skeleton. The crosstalk between these organs is executed primarily by three hormones, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Largely due to a higher intake of ultraprocessed foods, dietary phosphate intake has increased in the last decades. The average intake is now about twice the recommended dietary allowance. Studies investigating the side effect of chronic high dietary phosphate intake suffer from incomplete dietary phosphate assessment and, therefore, often make data interpretation difficult. Renal excretion is quickly adapted to acute and chronic phosphate intake. However, at the high ends of dietary intake, renal adaptation, even in pre-existing normal kidney function, apparently is not perfect. Experimental intervention studies suggest that chronic excess of dietary phosphate can result in sustained higher blood phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia. Evidence exists that the price of the homeostatic response (phosphaturia in response to phosphate loading/hyperphosphatemia) is an increased risk for declining kidney function, partly due by intraluminal/tubular calcium phosphate particles that provoke renal inflammation. High dietary phosphate intake and hyperphosphatemia are progression factors for declining kidney function and are associated with higher cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. This is best established for pre-existing chronic kidney disease, but epidemiological and experimental data strongly suggest that this holds true for subjects with normal renal function as well. Here, we review the latest advances in phosphate intake and kidney function decline.
Flexible and multifaceted: the plasticity of renin-expressing cells
Authors: Broeker Katharina A. E. , Schrankl Julia , Fuchs Michaela A. A. , Kurtz Armin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe protease renin, the key enzyme of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, is mainly produced and secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney, which are located in the walls of the afferent arterioles at their entrance into the glomeruli. When the body’s demand for renin rises, the renin production capacity of the kidneys commonly increases by induction of renin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and in extraglomerular mesangial cells. These cells undergo a reversible metaplastic cellular transformation in order to produce renin. Juxtaglomerular cells of the renin lineage have also been described to migrate into the glomerulus and differentiate into podocytes, epithelial cells or mesangial cells to restore damaged cells in states of glomerular disease. More recently, it could be shown that renin cells can also undergo an endocrine and metaplastic switch to erythropoietin-producing cells. This review aims to describe the high degree of plasticity of renin-producing cells of the kidneys and to analyze the underlying mechanisms.
Kidney metabolism and acid–base control: back to the basics
Authors: Imenez Silva Pedro Henrique , Mohebbi Nilufar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Kidneys are central in the regulation of multiple physiological functions, such as removal of metabolic wastes and toxins, maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance, and control of pH homeostasis. In addition, kidneys participate in systemic gluconeogenesis and in the production or activation of hormones. Acid–base conditions influence all these functions concomitantly. Healthy kidneys properly coordinate a series of physiological responses in the face of acute and chronic acid–base disorders. However, injured kidneys have a reduced capacity to adapt to such challenges. Chronic kidney disease patients are an example of individuals typically exposed to chronic and progressive metabolic acidosis. Their organisms undergo a series of alterations that brake large detrimental changes in the homeostasis of several parameters, but these alterations may also operate as further drivers of kidney damage. Acid–base disorders lead not only to changes in mechanisms involved in acid–base balance maintenance, but they also affect multiple other mechanisms tightly wired to it. In this review article, we explore the basic renal activities involved in the maintenance of acid–base balance and show how they are interconnected to cell energy metabolism and other important intracellular activities. These intertwined relationships have been investigated for more than a century, but a modern conceptual organization of these events is lacking. We propose that pH homeostasis indissociably interacts with central pathways that drive progression of chronic kidney disease, such as inflammation and metabolism, independent of etiology.
A generalised path-following solver for robust analysis of material failure
Authors: Börjesson Elias , Remmers Joris J. C. , Fagerström Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen analysing complex structures with advanced damage or material models, it is important to use a robust solution method in order to trace the full equilibrium path. In light of this, we propose a new path-following solver based on the integral of the rate of dissipation in each material point, for solving problems exhibiting large energy dissipating mechanisms. The method is a generalisation and unification of previously proposed dissipation based path-following solvers, and makes it possible to describe a wider range of dissipation mechanisms, such as large strain plasticity. Furthermore, the proposed method makes it possible to, in a straightforward way, combine the effects from multiple dissipation mechanisms in a simulation. The capabilities of the solver are demonstrated on four numerical examples, from which it can be concluded that the proposed method is both versatile and robust, and can be used in different research domains within computational structural mechanics and material science.
Using ANN and OA techniques to determine the specific wear rate effectors of A356 Al-Si/Al2O3 MMC
Authors: Atta M. , Megahed M. , Saber D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present work, it’s required to obtained the wear rate effectors’ values of A356 Al-Si/Al2O3 composite (Al2O3 wt%, applied load, hardness, and sliding distance) required to obtain a certain specific wear rate. So, the specific wear behavior of cast and heat-treated A356 Al-Si/Al2O3 metal matrix composites (MMC) were investigated as a function of its effectors. Five weight fractions of Al2O3 particles were used to produce specimens using stir casting. Two different hardness are obtained for each fraction (casted and heat-treated specimens). Sliding wear tests were done under three loads (20, 30, and 40 N), four sliding distances (310, 620, 930 and 1240 m) at constant speed (1 m/min). Experimental results indicated that the specific wear rate is generally reversed proportional to Al2O3 percentage. The impact of Al2O3 percentage was eliminated with the grown of applied load. Increasing the applied load decreases the specific wear rate, up to 20% Al2O3. However, at 25% Al2O3 the applied load increases the specific wear rate with a small graduation. Moreover, the heat treatment process improves the hardness and specific wear behavior of the casted MMC. Both Artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression techniques were used to predict the wear rate. The orthogonal array technique (OA) used in selecting the data set to train ANN and obtained a 2nd degree regression equation. ANN gives more realistic prediction then the regression equation. So, at the end, an algorithm is designed and tested to determine the weight fraction and other wear rate effectors for A356 Al-Si/Al2O3 MMC to obtain a certain wear rate, according to the uncertainty of the ANN. The used algorithm for obtaining the wear rate effectors provides a very good choices to produce a certain wear rate’s value, with error less than 1%.
Topology-based representative datasets to reduce neural network training resources
Authors: Gonzalez-Diaz Rocio , Gutiérrez-Naranjo Miguel A. , Paluzo-Hidalgo Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the main drawbacks of the practical use of neural networks is the long time required in the training process. Such a training process consists of an iterative change of parameters trying to minimize a loss function. These changes are driven by a dataset, which can be seen as a set of labeled points in an n-dimensional space. In this paper, we explore the concept of a representative dataset which is a dataset smaller than the original one, satisfying a nearness condition independent of isometric transformations. Representativeness is measured using persistence diagrams (a computational topology tool) due to its computational efficiency. We theoretically prove that the accuracy of a perceptron evaluated on the original dataset coincides with the accuracy of the neural network evaluated on the representative dataset when the neural network architecture is a perceptron, the loss function is the mean squared error, and certain conditions on the representativeness of the dataset are imposed. These theoretical results accompanied by experimentation open a door to reducing the size of the dataset to gain time in the training process of any neural network.
Hardy–Rellich and second order Poincaré identities on the hyperbolic space via Bessel pairs
Authors: Berchio Elvise , Ganguly Debdip , Roychowdhury Prasun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove a family of Hardy–Rellich and Poincaré identities and inequalities on the hyperbolic space having, as particular cases, improved Hardy-Rellich, Rellich and second order Poincaré inequalities. All remainder terms provided improve those already known in literature, and all identities hold with same constants for radial operators also. Furthermore, as applications of the main results, second order versions of the uncertainty principle on the hyperbolic space are derived.
An exterior overdetermined problem for Finsler N-Laplacian in convex cones
Authors: Ciraolo Giulio , Li Xiaoliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider a partially overdetermined problem for anisotropic N-Laplace equations in a convex cone $$\Sigma $$
Σ
intersected with the exterior of a bounded domain $$\Omega $$
Ω
in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

, $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

. Under a prescribed logarithmic condition at infinity, we prove a rigidity result by showing that the existence of a solution implies that $$\Sigma \cap \Omega $$

Σ
∩
Ω

must be the intersection of the Wulff shape and $$\Sigma $$
Σ
. Our approach is based on a Pohozaev-type identity and the characterization of minimizers of the anisotropic isoperimetric inequality inside convex cones.
Regularity of the free boundary for a parabolic cooperative system
Authors: Aleksanyan G. , Fotouhi M. , Shahgholian H. , Weiss G. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study the following parabolic system $$\begin{aligned} \Delta \mathbf{u }-\partial _t \mathbf{u }=|\mathbf{u }|^{q-1}\mathbf{u }\,\chi _{\{ |\mathbf{u }|>0 \}}, \qquad \mathbf{u }= (u^1, \cdots , u^m) \ , \end{aligned}$$

Δ
u
-

∂
t

u
=

|
u
|

q
-
1

u

χ

{
|
u
|
>
0
}

,

u
=

(

u
1

,
⋯
,

u
m

)

,

with free boundary $$\partial \{|\mathbf{u }| >0\}$$

∂
{
|
u
|
>
0
}

. For $$0\le q<1$$

0
≤
q
<
1

, we prove optimal growth rate for solutions $$\mathbf{u }$$
u
to the above system near free boundary points, and show that in a uniform neighbourhood of any a priori well-behaved free boundary point the free boundary is $$C^{1, \alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

in space directions and half-Lipschitz in the time direction.
Rational inhibitor design for Pseudomonas aeruginosa salicylate adenylation enzyme PchD
Authors: Shelton Catherine L. , Meneely Kathleen M. , Ronnebaum Trey A. , Chilton Annemarie S. , Riley Andrew P. , Prisinzano Thomas E. , Lamb Audrey L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an increasingly antibiotic-resistant pathogen that causes severe lung infections, burn wound infections, and diabetic foot infections. P. aeruginosa produces the siderophore pyochelin through the use of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) biosynthetic pathway. Targeting members of siderophore NRPS proteins is one avenue currently under investigation for the development of new antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant organisms. Here, the crystal structure of the pyochelin adenylation domain PchD is reported. The structure was solved to 2.11 Å when co-crystallized with the adenylation inhibitor 5′-O-(N-salicylsulfamoyl)adenosine (salicyl-AMS) and to 1.69 Å with a modified version of salicyl-AMS designed to target an active site cysteine (4-cyano-salicyl-AMS). In the structures, PchD adopts the adenylation conformation, similar to that reported for AB3403 from Acinetobacter baumannii.
Graphical abstract
Effect of voxel size in cone-beam computed tomography on surface area measurements of dehiscences and fenestrations in the lower anterior buccal region
Authors: van Leeuwen B. J. , Dijkstra P. U. , Dieters J. A. , Verbeek H. P. J. , Kuijpers-Jagtman A. M. , Ren Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess whether different voxel sizes in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) affected surface area measurements of dehiscences and fenestrations in the mandibular anterior buccal region.Materials and methodsNineteen dry human mandibles were scanned with a surface scanner (SS). Wax was attached to the mandibles as a soft tissue equivalent. Three-dimensional digital models were generated with a CBCT unit, with voxel sizes of 0.200 mm (VS200), 0.400 mm (VS400), and 0.600 mm (VS600). The buccal surface areas of the six anterior teeth were measured (in mm2) to evaluate areas of dehiscences and fenestrations. Differences between the CBCT and SS measurements were determined in a linear mixed model analysis.ResultsThe mean surface area per tooth was 88.3 ± 24.0 mm2, with the SS, and 94.6 ± 26.5 (VS200), 95.1 ± 27.3 (VS400), and 96.0 ± 26.5 (VS600), with CBCT scans. Larger surface areas resulted in larger differences between CBCT and SS measurements (− 0.1 β, SE = 0.02,p < 0.001). Deviations from SS measurements were larger with VS600, compared to VS200 (1.3 β, SE = 0.05,P = 0.009). Fenestrations were undetectable with CBCT.ConclusionsCBCT imaging magnified the surface area of dehiscences in the anterior buccal region of the mandible by 7 to 9%. The larger the voxel size, the larger the deviation from SS measurements. Fenestrations were not detectable with CBCT.Clinical relevanceCBCT is an acceptable tool for measuring dehiscences but not fenestrations. However, CBCT overestimates the size of dehiscences, and the degree of overestimation depends on the actual dehiscence size and CBCT voxel size employed.
An L-shaped method with strengthened lift-and-project cuts
Authors: Glushko Pavlo , Fábián Csaba I. , Koberstein Achim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLift-and-project (L &P) cuts are well-known general 0–1 programming cuts which are typically deployed in branch-and-cut methods to solve MILP problems. In this article, we discuss ways to use these cuts within the framework of Benders’ decomposition algorithms for solving two-stage mixed-binary stochastic problems with binary first-stage variables and continuous recourse. In particular, we show how L &P cuts derived for the master problem can be strengthened with the second-stage information. An adapted L-shaped algorithm and its computational efficiency analysis is presented. We show that the strengthened L &P cuts can significantly reduce the number of iterations and the solution time.
A random time-dependent noncooperative equilibrium problem
Authors: Barbagallo Annamaria , Guarino Lo Bianco Serena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the random time-dependent oligopolistic market equilibrium problem. For such a problem the firms’ point of view has been analyzed in Barbagallo and Guarino Lo Bianco (Optim. Lett. 14: 2479–2493, 2020) while here the policymaker’s point of view is studied. The random dynamic optimal control equilibrium conditions are expressed by means of an inverse stochastic time-dependent variational inequality which is proved to be equivalent to a stochastic time-dependent variational inequality. Some existence and well-posedness results for optimal regulatory taxes are obtained. Moreover a numerical scheme to compute the solution to the stochastic time-dependent variational inequality is presented. Finally an example is discussed.
Exploring cocatalyst type effect on the Ziegler–Natta catalyzed ethylene polymerizations: experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Masoori Maryam , Nekoomanesh Mehdi , Posada-Pérez Sergio , Rashedi Reza , Bahri-Laleh Naeimeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the important role of cocatalyst in the polymerization process employing industrially favored Ziegler–Natta catalysts, its effect on kinetic behavior, catalyst activity, and polymer properties is discussed. In this paper, triethyl aluminum (TEA) and triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) have been used as the main cocatalyst ingredient with 10–20 mol percent of diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) and ethyl aluminum dichloride (EADC) cocatalysts, being neat TEA the cocatalysts with the highest activity. Moreover, TEA-DEAC and TEA-EADC cocatalysts revealed a built-up kinetic profile, while TIBA-DEAC and TIBA-EADC show a decay-type kinetic curve. According to melt flow index results, no considerable change in flowability was detected in the synthesized polyethylenes (PE). On the other hand, the ethylene insertion and chain termination mechanisms were investigated by means of density functional calculations using Ti active center located in (110) and (104) facets of the MgCl2 surface. To shed light on the bulkiness level of employed cocatalysts, buried volume (VBur) together with the two-dimensional map of cocatalyst systems were considered. Higher VBur of TIBA complex can explain its lower activity and decay type kinetic profile obtained by experimental studies.
Families of Legendrians and Lagrangians with unbounded spectral norm
Authors: Dimitroglou Rizell Georgios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractViterbo has conjectured that any Lagrangian in the unit co-disc bundle of a torus which is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero-section satisfies a uniform bound on its spectral norm; a recent result by Shelukhin showed that this is indeed the case. The modest goal of our note is to explore two natural generalisations of this geometric setting in which the bound of the spectral norm fails: first, passing to Legendrian isotopies in the contactisation of the unit co-disc bundle (recall that any Hamiltonian isotopy can be lifted to a Legendrian isotopy) and, second, considering Hamiltonian isotopies but after modifying the co-disc bundle by attaching a critical Weinstein handle.
Exploring students’ mathematical discussions in a multi-level hybrid learning environment
Authors: Giberti Chiara , Arzarello Ferdinando , Bolondi Giorgio , Demo Heidrun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe research described in this paper focused on the issue of describing and understanding how mathematical discussion develops in a hybrid learning environment, and how students participate in it. The experimental plan involved several classes working in parallel, with pupils and teachers interacting both in their real classrooms and in a digital environment with other pupils and teachers. The research was based on a rich set of data collected from the M@t.abel 2020 project, which was developed in Italy during the Covid health crisis. Based on Complementary Accounts Methodology, the data analysis presented in this paper involved specialists from the fields of mathematics education and inclusive education. In the study we considered the complexity of learning and the different elements that have an impact on students’ activity and participation, when they are engaged in mathematical discussions within the multilevel-digital environment that emerged due to the pandemic. These parallel analyses showed that ‘mathematical discussion in the classroom’ is a complex (and sometimes chaotic) phenomenon wherein different factors interweave. A complementary approach assists in developing a global vision for this dynamic phenomenon and in highlighting local episodes that are crucial in this interplay of factors. It is precisely in these episodes that the role of the teacher is fundamental: these episodes appear as catalysts for the different variables, with the teacher acting as mediator.
Testing an Evaluation Tool to Facilitate Police Officers’ Peer Review of Child Interviews
Authors: Danby Meaghan C. , Sharman Stefanie J. , Guadagno Belinda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProviding child forensic interviewers with ongoing opportunities for feedback is critical to maintaining their interviewing skills. Given practical difficulties with engaging experts to provide this feedback (such as costs and workloads), the current paper explores whether a structured evaluation tool can assist police interviewers to accurately peer review interviews. A structured checklist of best practice skills was created, and participants in two studies used it to evaluate mock transcripts of child interviews that ranged in quality. Transcripts were manipulated to present the opening, transitional, and substantive interview phases as a strong, poor, or mixed performance of best practice skills. In Study 1, 57 police participants from one jurisdiction evaluated the opening and substantive phases of the transcript less accurately when the transcript contained a mixed performance of best practice and the transitional phase less accurately when it contained poor performance. In Study 2, a similar pattern of results was replicated with a sample of 37 police interviewers from a separate jurisdiction with shorter interview training. Results suggest that structured tools are helpful to inform peer review of child interviews, but tools that are too rigid might not be helpful when nuanced improvements are required.