bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively-measured sleep patterns and cardiometabolic health in a rural South African setting: a cross sectional analysis
Authors: Cook Ian , Mohlabe Matlawa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the relationship between objectively-measured, free-living sleep patterns, and cardiometabolic health, in a rural South African health and demographic surveillance site.

Methods
Wrist-mounted actigraphy data was collected over nine days from 167 adults (≥ 40 years). Sleep patterns were constructed from tertiles of sleep quantity and quality parameters (TST: total sleep time, AC: activity counts during sleep) from valid minute-by-minute data. The reference category was Moderate TST/Low-to-Moderate AC. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Biological data included anthropometry, resting blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between TST and AC, the factors associated with sleeping patterns, and the association between sleeping patterns and Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). HOMA-IR and MetS were also examined across sleep patterns using analysis of variance models.

Results
A total of 139 adults (71.2% female) had a complete dataset. In unadjusted analyses, females had poorer sleep quality, were more physically active, and displayed poorer cardiometabolc health and greater adiposity than males (p ≤ 0.017). There were no sex differences in TST or sleep pattern distribution (p ≤ 0.901). Not being classified as Low TST/High AC or exposed to ≥ 1 bout of Low TST/High AC sleep was associated with lower physical activity, longer sleep duration, better sleep quality and lower IR (p ≤ 0.0452). In multivariate analyses, there was no association between TST and AC (p = 0.921), while increasing age and people-to-bedroom density, and lower physical activity where significantly associated with increasing TST (p ≤ 0.027). Participants classified as Low TST/High AC had significantly higher HOMA-IR, but not MetS, compared with Moderate TST/Low AC (p = 0.021). Being exposed to ≥ 1 bout of Low TST/High AC sleep was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.00, 5.34), but not for HOMA-IR or MetS (p ≥ 0.227).

Conclusions
Long sleep was not associated with increased sleep fragmentation. Short, fragmented sleep was associated with insulin resistance. Exposure to at least one bout of short, fragmented sleep increased the likelihood of hypertension. Further studies are required to identify the factors associated with short, fragmented sleep in this setting.
Clinical experience with 18F-JK-PSMA-7 when using a digital PET/CT
Authors: Vierasu Irina , Trotta Nicola , Albisinni Simone , Mathey Céline , Leurquin-Sterk Gil , Lacroix Simon , Van Simaeys Gaetan , Quackels Thierry , Roumeguère Thierry , Goldman Serge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Digital PET/CT systems make use of a new technology with higher sensitivity and other better technological features than the analog ones. They require adaptation of the trade-off between performance, tracer dose and acquisition time. The aim of the study was to explore the performance of 18F-JK-PSMA-7 imaging when performed on a digital PET/CT with an adapted protocol, in a population of patients with prostate cancer patients (PCa). Influence of previous therapy on PET/CT performance is generally disregarded in PSMA-based imaging, despite potential influence of hormono-chemotherapy on the target expression. This potential influence was also tested in this work.

Methods
A total of 54 PCa patients experiencing biochemical recurrence were included in the study, in which we analysed the diagnostic performance of digital 18F-JK-PSMA-7 PET/CT. Compared to our protocol applied for acquisition on an analog system, administered dose and acquisition time were reduced by 20% and 50% respectively. We specifically took into consideration the influence of previous treatments on recurrence detection.

Results
We detected overall 18F-JK-PSMA-7-positive lesions in 38/54 patients (70.3%). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the detection rate between the groups of patients who had hormono-chemotherapy any time after initial diagnosis and those who never got any hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment. Regarding the SUV max values, there was not significant difference between the two groups of patients neither in pelvic ganglions nor in other metastatic sites or the prostate region.

Conclusion
18F-JK-PSMA7 PET/CT with administered dose and acquisition time adapted to the digital technology provides valuable information in PCa patients with biochemical recurrence.
Comparative suitability of different nutrients for feeding the predaceous mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), in the laboratory
Authors: Elshazly Mohamed Mahrous Youssef 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The attractiveness, the stickiness and the edibility span of 29 nutrients were assessed to reveal the comparative suitability of each nutrient for feeding the predaceous mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

Results
Baker's yeast generally was the most attractive-food source. The mixture of skim milk, honey, yolk, baker's yeast and amino acid solution 10% at a volume ratio of 100:1:1:20:1, respectively, was the most attractive mixture. No mite individual fed on honey, the three nutrients containing amino acid solution at high concentrations, chicken blood, smashed cow liver, living drosophila stages, or cotton pollen. Over two minutes, no mite individual stuck to honey, baker's yeast, the three nutrients containing amino acid solution at high concentrations, chicken blood, smashed cow liver, or drosophila types. On the contrary, all the mite individuals exposed to cotton pollen stuck to it on touching. Grape juice was the most adhesive of the rest of the nutrients. The mixture of skim milk, honey, yolk, baker's yeast, and amino acid solution 10% at the volume ratio of 100: 20: 1: 1: 1, respectively, was the most adhesive mixture. The mixture containing the same components at a volume ratio of 100: 1: 20: 1: 1, respectively, was the least adhesive mixture. By examining each of the 19 edible nutrients individually, water was found to be edible until evaporation. Amongst the rest of the edible nutrients, maize pollen had the longest edibility span; it continued valid for feeding for about four days. On the contrary, the yolk continued to be edible for just seven minutes. As regards the edible mixtures, the mixture containing skim milk, honey, yolk, baker's yeast and amino acid solution 10% at a volume ratio of 100:20:1:1:1, respectively, had the longest edibility span. On the contrary, the mixture containing the same components at a volume ratio of 100:1:20:1:1, respectively, had the shortest edibility span. As regards the components of the edible mixtures, honey percentage showed a negative correlation with the number of the attracted mites, whereas it showed positive correlations with each of the number of the stuck mites and edibility span. Compared with honey, yolk and baker's yeast showed opposite trends.

Conclusions
Each of the examined edibles had its good points as a food for A. swirskii.
High fidelity numerical simulations on the unsteady flow field of low-pressure turbine cascades with and without upstream disturbance at moderate Reynolds number
Authors: Zhu Hongbo , Pang Xiyuan , Wu Feng , Zhang Chunxiao , Bao Yan , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper numerically investigates the aerodynamic performance of the T106A low-pressure turbine based with different inflow conditions at moderate Reynolds number by using high performance computing based on high order unstructured methods. Two different inflow conditions respectively of uniform and disturbed are considered, while for the latter a small circular cylinder is placed upstream of the cascade to generate wake turbulence as a long-standing disturbance. A high order Fourier-spectral/hp element method is employed to solve the flow dynamics in the cascade of high complex geometries. Flow transition characteristics are quantified in terms of the distribution of cascade wall surface pressure and friction coefficient, the distribution of wake profile pressure loss and the evolution characteristics of boundary layer flow structures as well. The numerical results show that the current numerical simulations accurately predict the flow transition performance of low-pressure turbine cascades and capture the effects of wake-generated disturbance on the cascade, which is shown to effectively modify the flow transition performance as compared with the uniform inflow case.
Diagnosing the environmental impacts of typical fatliquors in leather manufacture from life cycle assessment perspective
Authors: Yu Yue , Sun Qingyong , Zeng Yunhang , Lin Yirui , Wang Ya-nan , Shi Bi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe environmental impacts of typical fatliquors were diagnosed by the life cycle assessment of industrial production and use (post-tanning) processes. Life cycle impact assessment and sensitivity analysis showed that fatliquor and fatliquoring operation were the major contributors to the environmental impacts of post-tanning because a large amount of fatliquors was consumed during fatliquoring operation. The environmental impacts of fatliquors decreased in the following order: chlorinated paraffin (CP) > sulfonated rape oil (SNR) > sulfated rape oil (SR) > phosphated rape oil (PR) > oxidized–sulfited rape oil (OSR). Sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, and chlorine used for fatliquor modification gave the main contribution to most impact categories for SR, SNR, and CP production, whereas rape oil contributed the most for PR and OSR production. OSR use process reduced the primary energy demand, abiotic depletion potential, and global warming potential by 38.5%, 56.0%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared with CP use process. These results suggested that biomass-derived fatliquors, especially oxidized–sulfited and phosphate modified fatiliquors, helped reduce the environmental burdens in leather manufacturing.
Graphical Abstract
Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of skull lesions
Authors: Arora Vijinder , Sidhu Bikramjit Singh , Singh Kunwarpal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been incorporated into the basic imaging tools for evaluation of skull lesions. Despite the known advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI in various aspects of evaluating skull lesions, it is not always feasible to perform both CT and MRI in evaluation of the same patient. The purpose of this study is to compare CT and MRI in evaluation of various skull lesions and to determine which imaging modality out of the two is more appropriate in evaluation of skull lesions and their characterization.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between CT and MRI for detection of number of lesions, distribution of lesions, margins of the lesions, nature of the lesions, zone of transition, cortical breach, intralesional calcification, intralesional hemorrhage, associated soft tissue, and invasion into brain parenchyma (p value > 0.05 in all these parameters). Dural involvement was picked up better on MRI as compared to CT (p value 0.031). Another advantage of MRI over CT was better characterization of lesions by diffusion weighted imaging.

Conclusion
CT and MRI are equally efficient in providing adequate diagnostic information in various skull lesions and each of them can be used independent of the other to characterize and diagnose the lesions of skull. The slight advantage of MRI over CT is detection of dural involvement.
The extended range phase shift method for broadband surface wave dispersion measurement from ambient noise and its application in ore deposit characterization
Authors: Deng Bao , Li Junlun , Liu Jiangshan , Shen Changming , Suwen Junliu , Chen Qi-Fu 
Published: March 2022

Surface wave tomography using seismic ambient noise has been applied widely in subsurface characterization, the depth of which ranges from a few meters in urban underground engineering to tens of kilometers in delineation of crustal heterogeneities. Currently, multichannel analysis of surface waves with active and passive sources together with some similar techniques has been widely applied to obtain fine near-surface structures. However, it is still difficult to retrieve accurate dispersion curves at low frequencies with those methods to constrain structures at greater depths. To better retrieve surface wave dispersion data at lower frequencies using ambient noise data acquired by dense linear arrays, we use the extended range phase shift (ERPS) method, which can extract broadband dispersions from the ambient noise crosscorrelation functions (CFs). A broadband dispersion curve is obtained by merging a dispersion curve of medium-to-high frequencies with a dispersion curve of low-to-medium frequencies measured using receivers with different combinations, whereas both curves reflect the local property of the subsurface structure under a subarray with a relatively small aperture. Thus, the horizontal resolution of the inverted models is not compromised, whereas the inverted depth is improved considerably. We first perform a synthetic test to validate the ERPS method, and then apply the method in characterizing the Woxi polymetallic deposit in Hunan, China, where eight 10 km linear arrays using 467 seismic nodes were deployed to record ambient noise. The dispersion data within 0.5–10 Hz are extracted from the CFs using ERPS and then used to invert for the [Formula: see text] models down to at least 2 km. The inverted structures are found to be consistent with the previous geologic studies and known structures from underground mining, and the proposed passive-source imaging method is considered to be economical and practical for ore deposit explorations.
Breaking out of the citadel: social theory and psychiatry
Authors: Poole Rob , Robinson Catherine A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBritish psychiatry has tended to hold itself aloof from social theory. Nonetheless, these ideas have influenced the development of mental health services. Alongside this, the biopsychosocial model cannot reconcile contradictions in the scientific evidence regarding mental illness. We need to develop a more constructive understanding of the implications of social theory.
The Association of Consumption Time for Food With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jiang Wenbo , Song Qingrao , Zhang Jia , Chen Yunyan , Jiang Hongyan , Long Yujia , Li Ying , Han Tianshu , Sun Hongru , Wei Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate whether food intake time across 3 meals is associated with long-term survival among the people with diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis study included 4642 diabetic patients participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014. Food consumed across a day including the forenoon, afternoon, and evening was divided into quantiles based on their distribution. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the survival relationship between food intakes time and mortality.ResultsIn the forenoon, compared to the participants in the lowest quantile of potato and starchy vegetable, participants in the highest quantile had lower mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [hazard ratio (HR)potato = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.89; HRstarchy-vegetable = 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.72]. In the afternoon, participants who consumed whole grain had lower mortality of CVD (HRwhole grain = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.95). In the evening, the highest quantile of dark vegetable and milk intake is related to lower mortality risk of CVD (HRdark vegetable = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87; HRmilk = 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.88) and all-cause mortality (HRmilk = 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.92), whereas participants in the highest quantile of intakes of processed meat are more likely to die due to CVD (HRprocessed-meat = 1.74, 95% CI 1.07-2.82). Isocalorically switching 0.1 serving potato or starchy vegetable consumed in the afternoon or evening to the forenoon, 0.1 serving dark vegetable consumed in the afternoon to the evening, and 0.1 serving whole grain consumed in the forenoon to the afternoon reduced the risk of CVD mortality.ConclusionsHigher intake of potato or starchy vegetable in forenoon, whole grain in the afternoon, and dark vegetable and milk in the evening and lower intake of processed meat in the evening was associated with better long-term survival in people with diabetes.
Variation in Glycemic Outcomes in Focal Forms of Congenital Hyperinsulinism—The UK Perspective
Authors: Dastamani Antonia , Yau Daphne , Gilbert Clare , Morgan Kate , De Coppi Paolo , Craigie Ross J , Bomanji Jamshed , Biassoni Lorenzo , Sajjan Rakesh , Flanagan Sarah E , Houghton Jayne A L , Senniappan Senthil , Didi Mohammed , Dunne Mark J , Banerjee Indraneel , Shah Pratik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
In focal congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), localized clonal expansion of pancreatic β-cells causes excess insulin secretion and severe hypoglycemia. Surgery is curative, but not all lesions are amenable to surgery.

Objective
We describe surgical and nonsurgical outcomes of focal CHI in a national cohort.

Methods
Patients with focal CHI were retrospectively reviewed at 2 specialist centers, 2003-2018.

Results
Of 59 patients with focal CHI, 57 had heterozygous mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 (51 paternally inherited, 6 de novo). Fluorine-18 L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography computed tomography scan identified focal lesions in 51 patients. In 5 patients, imaging was inconclusive; the diagnosis was established by frozen section histopathology in 3 patients, a lesion was not identified in 1 patient, and 1 declined surgery. Most patients (n = 56) were unresponsive to diazoxide, of whom 33 were unresponsive or partially responsive to somatostatin receptor analog (SSRA) therapy. Fifty-five patients underwent surgery: 40 had immediate resolution of CHI, 10 had persistent hypoglycemia and a focus was not identified on biopsy in 5. In the 10 patients with persistent hypoglycemia, 7 underwent further surgery with resolution in 4 and ongoing hypoglycemia requiring SSRA in 3. Nine (15% of cohort) patients (1 complex surgical access; 4 biopsy negative; 4 declined surgery) were managed conservatively; medication was discontinued in 8 children at a median (range) age 2.4 (1.5-7.7) years and 1 remains on SSRA at 16 years with improved fasting tolerance and reduction in SSRA dose.

Conclusion
Despite a unifying genetic basis of disease, we report inherent heterogeneity in focal CHI patients impacting outcomes of both surgical and medical management.
Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Pathology Analysis in Patients With Dorsal Arachnoid Web
Authors: Delgardo Mychael , Higgins Dominique , McCormick Kyle L. , Reid Patrick , Canoll Peter , McCormick Paul C. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Dorsal arachnoid webs (DAWs) are rare pathological abnormalities of the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord that can result in pain and myelopathy.

OBJECTIVE:
To present clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with DAW, case illustrations, and a review of the literature.

METHODS:
Seventeen cases of DAW between 2015 and 2019 at a tertiary medical center were retrospectively identified through a case log search. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging, operative notes, and pathology reports were collected. Our main outcome assessed was postoperative resolution of symptoms. Odds ratios were used to determine associations between preoperative signs and symptoms with postoperative symptom resolution.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the cohort was 50.5 years (IQR = 16) and presented primarily with back pain (64.7%). On imaging, all patients were found to have the “scalpel sign,” and nearly half had a syrinx present (41.2%). All DAWs were located in the thoracic spine, with the most common location being the midthoracic (70.6%). The mean follow-up length for all patients was 4.3 months. There were no preoperative symptoms significantly associated with postoperative symptom resolution; however, a trend was noted with the presence of a preoperative syrinx. Pathology samples consistently demonstrated fibroconnective or collagenous tissue with no evidence of inflammation or neoplasm.

CONCLUSION:
DAW is a rare pathology that can result in myelopathy or inappropriate interventions if misdiagnosed. Surgical intervention using laminectomy with intradural exploration should be considered in symptomatic patients with DAW because it is curative with a strong chance of preoperative symptom resolution with relatively low complication rates.
Engrailed, Suppressor of fused and Roadkill modulate the Drosophila GLI transcription factor Cubitus interruptus at multiple levels
Authors: Roberto Nicole , Becam Isabelle , Plessis Anne , Holmgren Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Morphogen gradients need to be robust, but may also need to be tailored for specific tissues. Often this type of regulation is carried out by negative regulators and negative feedback loops. In the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, activation of patched (ptc) in response to Hh is part of a negative feedback loop limiting the range of the Hh morphogen. Here, we show that in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc two other known Hh targets genes feed back to modulate Hh signaling. First, anterior expression of the transcriptional repressor Engrailed modifies the Hh gradient by attenuating the expression of the Hh pathway transcription factor cubitus interruptus (ci), leading to lower levels of ptc expression. Second, the E-3 ligase Roadkill shifts the competition between the full-length activator and truncated repressor forms of Ci by preferentially targeting full-length Ci for degradation. Finally, we provide evidence that Suppressor of fused, a negative regulator of Hh signaling, has an unexpected positive role, specifically protecting full-length Ci but not the Ci repressor from Roadkill.