bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic model for biological regulation
Authors: Vihinen Mauno 
Published: August 2022

A substantial portion of molecules in an organism are involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes. Several models have been presented for various forms of biological regulation, including gene expression regulation and physiological regulation; however, a generic model is missing. Recently a new unifying theory in biology, poikilosis, was presented. Poikilosis indicates that all systems display intrinsic heterogeneity. The concept of poikilosis allowed development of a model for biological regulation applicable to all types of regulated systems. The perturbation-lagom-TATAR countermeasures-regulator (PLTR) model combines the effects of perturbation and lagom (allowed and sufficient extent of heterogeneity) in a system with tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation and resistance (TARAR) countermeasures, and possible regulators. There are three modes of regulation, two of which are lagom-related. In the first scenario, lagom is maintained, both intrinsic (passive) and active TARAR countermeasures can be involved. In the second mode, there is a shift from one lagom to another. In the third mode, reguland regulation, the regulated entity is the target of a regulatory shift, which is often irreversible or requires action of another regulator to return to original state. After the shift, the system enters to lagom maintenance mode, but at new lagom extent. The model is described and elaborated with examples and applications, including medicine and systems biology. Consequences of non-lagom extent of heterogeneity are introduced, along with a novel idea for therapy by reconstituting biological processes to lagom extent, even when the primary effect cannot be treated.
Why is health improvement policy so difficult to secure?
Authors: Cairney Paul , St.Denny Emily , Boswell John 
Published: August 2022

Many governments seek to improve population health, and some seek to reduce health inequalities. Yet, there remains a large gap between their policy statements and actual outcomes. Perennial questions in public health research include: why is this gap so large, why does it endure, and what can be done to close it? This essay uses political science and policy studies insights to address these questions, focusing on the distinctive issues that relate to (1) broad aims like ‘prevention’, (2) specific strategies for health improvement, or (3) new events. On the one hand, the idea of ‘prevention’ has widespread appeal, when governments think they can save money or reduce inequalities by preventing problems happening or worsening. While health protection seeks to inoculate populations against communicable diseases, health improvement strategies, including ‘Health in All Policies’ (HiAP), primarily address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Further, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the unequal spread of ill health, showing that preventive health ideas should be at the core of policy. On the other hand, there is a large gap between rhetorical and substantive commitment to prevention, a continuous HiAP implementation gap, and a tendency for COVID-19 health protection to overshadow health improvement. Explaining each problem clearly helps to identify the factors thatgenerallyundermine prevention policies and thosespecificto more detailed strategies like HiAP or events like COVID-19. We do not prioritise leadership or ‘political will’ as the policymaking problem. Instead, we identify the systemic factors that apply to even the most sincere, competent, and energetic policymakers. Health improvement policy is typically undermined by a lack of:clarityabout what prevention means in practice;congruitybetween the prevention agenda (emphasising the need for major change to policy and policymaking) and routine government business; and,capacityto overcome obstacles to policy change.
Advising Student-Driven Analytics Projects: A Summary of Experiences and Lessons Learned
Authors: Babier Aaron , Fernandes Craig , Zhu Ian Yihang 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we describe a course project in which teams of undergraduate students propose and execute an end-to-end analytics project to solve a real-world problem. The project challenges students to implement machine learning, optimization, simulation, or a combination of these three techniques on real-world data that they collect. A designated project advisor helps each team refine its project and assesses the quality of the resulting work. In our analysis of 58 past projects, we show that students developed solutions for a wide range of topics by employing various methodologies. However, most teams encountered similar challenges that project advisors helped them overcome with tailored feedback. Based on feedback from 106 previous students, the project experience was largely positive and helped them prepare for their future careers. We believe that this type of hands-on project is conducive to the development of important data analytics skills. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0275 .
Ethnobotanical knowledge of Marind-Anim Tribe in utilizing sago (Metroxylon sagu) in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: KADIR AKHMAD , SUHARNO SUHARNO , REAWARUW YOHANA , KOMARI KOMARI , MAHUZE AGUSTINUS 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Kadir A, Suharno, Reawaruw Y, Komari, Mahuze A. 2021. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Marind-Anim Tribe in utilizing sago (Metroxylon sagu) in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 264-272. Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is one of the biological resources utilized by several communities, mainly in New Guinea and Moluccas region. In Papua (Indonesia New Guinea), sago is a source of food and is also used for the living needs of local people for generations. This study aims to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge regarding the utilization of sago by the Marind–Anim tribe in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia based on local wisdom. Data were collected using survey method and the analysis was done using qualitative approach. The research was conducted in 7 villages representing 6 sub-districts (Merauke, Sota, Tanah Merah, Kurik, Animha, Marind) in Merauke District. The results show that sago is an important resource for the Marind-Anim community to fulfill a wide range of needs from foods, building materials, and cultural activities. Each sub-tribe has a different perspective in grouping sago based on local knowledge. The difference is based on an understanding of the size of the tree trunk, the absence of thorns on the leaves, the height of the plant, the shape and size of the leaves, and the color of the stems/leaves. Based on local knowledge, there are at least five clusters of sago in the Merauke area across the villages surveyed. In Merauke, sago is processed into a traditional food called Sep, which is different from the people in the northern region of Papua, who process it into Papeda. In addition to Sago Sep, the community also knows other types of sago processing, namely Sago Ebayak, Sago Kwetahuk, and Sago Sinoli. The community has conducted conservation efforts based on local knowledge in Sar, Quality Sar, and selective cutting. The goal of such efforts is to maintain the sustainability of sago in meeting the needs for foods.
Assessment of zygosity and nitrogen used efficacy in Mekongga transgenic rice
Authors: AINI MACHZANI QURAITUL , SUHARSONO SUHARSONO , APRIANA ANIVERSARI , SISHARMINI ATMITRI , SANTOSO TRI JOKO , TRIJATMIKO KURNIAWAN RUDI 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Aini MQ, Suharsono, Apriana A, Sisharmini A, Santoso TJ, Trijatmiko KR. 2022. Assessment of zygosity and nitrogen used efficacy in Mekongga transgenic rice. Biodiversitas 23: 4040-4046. Nitrogen (N) is a vital macronutrient that can be a limiting factor for rice plant growth. Nitrogen-efficient plants can be assembled by modifying nitrogen-related metabolic pathways to improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in plants. T0 generation of transgenic Mekongga rice plants containing the LeAlaAT gene was obtained. In transgenic plant research, zygosity test was desirable to ensure the integration and inheritance stability of transgene. This study aimed to assess zygosity and nitrogen use efficacy of two transgenic Mekongga rice lines, namely M41 and M50. This research involved three main activities, i.e. detection of flanking sequence for T0 generation by TAIL-PCR method, zygosity test for T1 generation, and efficacy test for T2 generation of Mekongga transgenic lines in response to different N fertilizer rates of 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha?1. Zygosity analysis showed that six out of 14 M41 and three of 13 M50 transgenic lines were homozygous for LeAlaAT transgene. The efficacy test showed that homozygous transgenic lines had higher tiller numbers, grain numbers, and biomass compared to non-transgenic ones under the same nitrogen level. The notable discrepancies of the transgenic plants can also be recognized in the absorption, agronomical, and grain NUE of the studied plants.
Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and yield in indigenous rice as affected by different fertilizers
Authors: PRAJUNTASAN RAPEEPUN , RATANANIKOM KHAKHANANG , PAYOUNGKIATTIKUN WISARUT 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Prajuntasan R, Ratananikom K, Payoungkiattikun W. 2022. Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and yield in indigenous rice as affected by different fertilizers. Biodiversitas 23: 4195-4201. This study was to evaluate the effects of fertilizer management methods (organic and inorganic) on total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and yield in eight local rice varieties. A 2×8 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was setup on a farmer’s farm. Organic fertilizer management increased TAC, TPC and antioxidant activity, but significant increases were found for TAC,and antioxidant activity. The highest TAC was found in Luem Puew, and Kum Puen Baan had the highest TPC. The highest TAC and TPCvarietiesdid not necessarily havethe highest antioxidant activity. Sung Yod, Chaow Daeng, Kum Ka Dum and Kum Puen Baan were the highest for this parameter. Luem Puew + organic was the treatment combined with the highest TAC. Still, the result found the highest antioxidant activities in several treatment combinations associated with most local rice varieties except Nang Nuan and Mali Nga Chang.
Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding analysis of Pluchea indica (L.) Less.
Authors: WAHYUNI DWI KUSUMA , MUKARROMAH SITI RIZQIYATUL , RAKHMAD PUTUT , ILHAM MOCHAMMAD , RAKASHIWI GALUH AYU , INDRIATI DANI TRI , YOKU BRUNY FLARANDA , PURNOBASUKI HERY , JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH , PRASONGSUK SEHANAT 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Wahyuni DK, Mukarromah SR, Rakhmad P, Ilham M, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Yoku BF, Purnobasuki H, Junairiah, Prasongsuk S. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterizationand DNA barcoding analysisof Pluchea indica (L.) Less.. Biodiversitas 23: 4272-4282. Pluchea indica (L.) Less. is a member of the Asteraceae family and is popular as a medicinal plant. It is very important to authenticate plants using various markers to confirm the labeling of plants and to reveal the bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical research. This study aims to characterize the morpho-anatomical and DNA barcoding aspects of P. indica. Three samples obtained from Taman Husada Graha Famili, Surabaya, Indonesia were used in this study. Morphological studies were carried out descriptively, while the paraffin method was used for anatomical observations. DNA barcoding analysis was performed by amplifying and aligning the rbcLand matKgenes. Morphologically, P. indicahas organs like Asteraceae plants in general, with specific characteristics in leaves and flowers. P. indica has an anatomical organ similar to that of Asteraceae plants globally, only that there are specific histological features on its leaves, including anomocytic stomata, glandular cells, and multicellular glandular trichomes. Alignment and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree showed that the sample plants were closely related to P. indica in the GenBank database. Based on morpho-anatomical characters and DNA barcodes, the plant under study was confirmed as P. indica L. (Less).
Imaging of custom-made single scatterers with the confocal laser scanning microscope
Authors: Lohner Stefan A. , Brenner Thomas , Glöckler Felix , Hevisov David , Kienle Alwin 
Published: August 2022

In this work, we investigate image formation in the confocal laser scanning microscope for different single scatterers, both theoretically and experimentally. For spherical scatterers, an effective and fast algorithm was implemented to calculate the confocal image for different diameters and wavelengths. Measurements on a polystyrene sphere (PS) with a diameter of 20 µm confirmed the expected effects, for example, the appearance of a central signal similar to the point spread function of the optical system. Custom single scatterers were produced using 3D-direct laser writing (DLW), including a sphere with dimensions comparable to the aforementioned PS sphere. Despite an inevitably lower surface quality and symmetry, only minor differences were observed in the confocal image of the 3D-DLW sphere compared to a near-perfect PS sphere. Having verified the experimental images of spheres with the computed theoretical data, confocal measurements of four platonic bodies produced by 3D-DLW were measured with the goal to contribute to the understanding of image formation involving more complex scattering geometries.
Genomic characterization of invasive typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ikhimiukor Odion O. , Oaikhena Anderson O. , Afolayan Ayorinde O. , Fadeyi Abayomi , Kehinde Aderemi , Ogunleye Veronica O. , Aboderin Aaron O. , Oduyebo Oyinlola O. , Elikwu Charles J. , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Komolafe Ifeoluwa , Argimón Silvia , Egwuenu Abiodun , Adebiyi Ini , Sadare Oluwadamilola A. , Okwor Tochi , Kekre Mihir , Underwood Anthony , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Aanensen David M. , Okeke Iruka N. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Salmonellosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in Africa. Information on lineages of invasive Salmonella circulating in Nigeria is sparse.

Methods
Salmonella enterica isolated from blood (n = 60) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n = 3) between 2016 and 2020 from five tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria were antimicrobial susceptibility-tested and Illumina-sequenced. Genomes were analysed using publicly-available bioinformatic tools.

Results
Isolates and sequence types (STs) from blood were S. Typhi [ST1, n = 1 and ST2, n = 43] and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) (S. Enteritidis [ST11, n = 7], S. Durham [ST10, n = 2], S. Rissen [ST8756, n = 2], S. Chester [ST2063, n = 1], S. Dublin [ST10, n = 1], S. Infantis [ST603, n = 1], S. Telelkebir [ST8757, n = 1] and S. Typhimurium [ST313, n = 1]). S. Typhi ST2 (n = 2) and S. Adabraka ST8757 (n = 1) were recovered from CSF. Most S. Typhi belonged to genotype 3.1.1 (n = 44), carried an IncY plasmid, had several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including blaTEM-1 (n = 38), aph(6)-Id (n = 32), tet(A) (n = 33), sul2 (n = 32), dfrA14 (n = 30) as well as quinolone resistance-conferring gyrA_S83Y single-nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 37). All S. Enteritidis harboured aph(3”)-Ib, blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, tet(B) genes, and a single ARG, qnrB19, was detected in S. Telelkebir. Typhoidal toxins cdtB, pltA and pltB were detected in S. Typhi, Rissen, Chester, and Telelkebir.

Conclusion
Most invasive salmonelloses in southwest Nigeria are vaccine-preventable infections due to multidrug-resistant, West African dominant S. Typhi lineage 3.1.1. Invasive NTS serovars, including some harbouring typhoidal toxin or resistance genes, represented a third of the isolates emphasizing the need for better diagnosis and surveillance.
S146L in MYC is a context-dependent activating substitution in cancer development
Authors: Hinds John W. , Feris Edmond J. , Wilkins Owen M. , Deary Luke T. , Wang Xiaofeng , Cole Michael D. 
Published: August 2022

MYC is one of the most dysregulated oncogenes and is thought to be fundamental to tumor formation and/or maintenance in many cancer types. This dominant pro-tumor activity makes MYC an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, MYC is a transcription factor lacking enzymatic activity, and the structure of one of its two domains is unknown e.g., its transactivation domain. Consequently, few direct MYC-targeting therapies have been developed, and none have been successful in the clinic. Nevertheless, significant effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of oncogenic MYC activity with the objective of uncovering novel vulnerabilities of MYC-dependent cancers. These extensive investigations have revealed in detail how MYC translocation, amplification, and other upstream perturbations contribute to MYC activity in cancer. However, missense mutations of the MYC gene have remained relatively understudied for their potential role in MYC-mediated oncogenesis. While the function of several low-frequency mutations in MYC have been described, our understanding of other equally or more frequent mutations is incomplete. Herein, we define the function of a recurrent missense mutation in MYC resulting in the substitution S146L. This mutation enhances the interaction between MYC and its cofactor TRRAP and may enhance oncogenic MYC activity in certain cellular contexts.

Implication
Our results fortify the mechanistic understanding of oncogenic MYC and may indicate a novel prognostic marker for patients whose tumors harbor the somatic mutation resulting in MYC S146L.
The morphometrical and topographical evaluation of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period
Authors: Kędzia Alicja , Dudek Krzysztof , Ziajkiewicz Marcin , Wolanczyk Michal , Seredyn Anna , Derkowski Wojciech , Domagala Zygmunt Antoni 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Advances in medical science are helping to break down the barriers to surgery. In the near future, neonatal or in utero operations will become the standard for the treatment of defects in the human motor system. In order to carry out such procedures properly, detailed knowledge of fetal anatomy is necessary. It must be presented in an attractive way not only for anatomists but also for potential clinicians who will use this knowledge in contact with young patients. This work responds to this demand and presents the anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve in human fetuses in an innovative way. The aim of this work is to determine the topography and morphometry of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period. We chose the superior gluteal nerve as the object of our study because of its clinical significance—for the practice of planning and carrying out hip surgery and when performing intramuscular injections.

Material and methods
The study was carried out on 40 human fetuses (20 females and 20 males) aged from 15 to 29 weeks (total body length v-pl from 130 to 345 mm). Following methods were used: anthropological, preparatory, image acquisition with a digital camera, computer measurement system Scion for Windows 4.0.3.2 Alpha and Image J (accuracy up to 0.01 mm without damaging the unique fetal material) and statistical methods.

Results
The superior gluteal nerve innervates three physiologically significant muscles of the lower limb’s girdle: gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle and tensor fasciae latae muscle. In this study the width of the main trunk of the nerve supplying each of these three muscles was measured and the position of the nerve after leaving the suprapiriform foramen was observed. A unique typology of the distribution of branches of the examined nerve has been created. The bushy and tree forms were distinguished. There was no correlation between the occurrence of tree and bushy forms with the body side (p > 0.05), but it was shown that the frequency of the occurrence of the bushy form in male fetuses is significantly higher than in female fetuses (p < 0.01). Proportional and symmetrical nerve growth dynamics were confirmed and no statistically significant sexual dimorphism was demonstrated (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve during prenatal period has been determined. We have identified two morphological forms of it. We have observed no differences between right and left superior gluteal nerve and no sexual dimorphism. The demonstrated high variability of terminal branches of the examined nerve indicates the risk of neurological complications in the case of too deep intramuscular injections and limits the range of potential surgical interventions in the gluteal region. The above research may be of practical importance, for example for hip surgery.
Factors associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in children under five in Bangladesh: An urban-rural comparison
Authors: Yeasmin Sultana , Hasan S. M. Tafsir , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Khan Md Alfazal , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydrating diarrhea in young children worldwide. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age in urban and rural Bangladesh.

Methods
The study analyzed data from 7,758 children under five who presented with rotavirus diarrhea to Dhaka (urban) and Matlab (rural) hospital of icddr,b during 2009–2018, and were enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System. Cases were defined as children having rotavirus isolated in stool specimens presented with dehydrating diarrhea. Controls were children infected with rotavirus have no dehydration. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify the factors associated with dehydrating diarrhea.

Results
Among the rotavirus-infected children, 1,784 (34%) in Dhaka and 160 (6%) in Matlab had diarrhea with some or severe dehydration. The female children and age group 24–59 months age was found to be at higher risk of dehydration compared to 6–11 months age. In the multivariable logistic regression model, maternal illiteracy, vomiting, the onset of diarrhea less than 24 hours prior to presenting to the hospital, monsoon months, stunting, and wasting were significantly associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea among children aged 0–59 months in Dhaka. In Matlab, monthly income, duration less than 24 hours prior to attending the hospital, and wasting had an independent significant association with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea episodes.

Conclusions
Considering factors diversity, educating parents and proper counselling by health care personnel during diarrhea, could lessen the severity of dehydration and the number of hospital visits later on by eliminating the modifiable risk factors among the children, which needs further studies.