bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A systematic review of humidity
Authors: Thornton Gail M. , Fleck Brian A. , Dandnayak Dhyey , Kroeker Emily , Zhong Lexuan , Hartling Lisa 
Published: October 2022

The aerosol route has been a pathway for transmission of many viruses. Similarly, recent evidence has determined aerosol transmission for SARS-CoV-2 to be significant. Consequently, public health officials and professionals have sought data regarding the role of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) features as a means to mitigate transmission of viruses, particularly coronaviruses. Using international standards, a systematic review was conducted to comprehensively identify and synthesize research examining the effect of humidity on transmission of coronaviruses and influenza. The results from 24 relevant studies showed that: increasing from mid (40–60%) to high (>60%) relative humidity (RH) for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with decreased virus survival; although SARS-CoV-2 results appear consistent, coronaviruses do not all behave the same; increasing from low (<40%) to mid RH for influenza was associated with decreased persistence, infectivity, viability, and survival, however effects of increased humidity from mid to high for influenza were not consistent; and medium, temperature, and exposure time were associated with inconsistency in results for both coronaviruses and influenza. Adapting humidity to mitigate virus transmission is complex. When controlling humidity as an HVAC feature, practitioners should take into account virus type and temperature. Future research should also consider the impact of exposure time, temperature, and medium when designing experiments, while also working towards more standardized testing procedures.
Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020193968.
The degree of recovery in swallowing ability in older inpatients with aspiration pneumonia is related to intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps than to muscle mass
Authors: Akazawa Naoki , Kishi Masaki , Hino Toshikazu , Tsuji Ryota , Tamura Kimiyuki , Hioka Akemi , Moriyama Hideki 
Published: October 2022

Background & aimA recent study reported that the increase in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients is related to a decreasing degree of recovery in swallowing ability compared to the loss of muscle mass. However, whether the association remains true in case of aspiration pneumonia is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the degree of recovery in swallowing ability and intramuscular adipose tissue in the quadriceps of older inpatients with aspiration pneumonia.MethodsThis prospective study included 39 older patients with aspiration pneumonia. Swallowing ability was assessed using the Food Intake Level Scale (FILS). The indicators for the degree of recovery in swallowing ability were FILS at discharge and change in FILS. A greater change in FILS indicates a greater improvement in swallowing ability. Intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle mass of the quadriceps were evaluated at admission using echo intensity and muscle thickness on ultrasound images, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the echo intensity of the quadriceps was independently and significantly related to FILS at discharge and the change in FILS. Independent variables were age, sex, days from disease onset, echo intensity and muscle thickness of the quadriceps, subcutaneous fat thickness of the thigh, FILS at admission, and number of units of rehabilitation therapy.ResultsEcho intensity of the quadriceps (β = −0.363, p = 0.012) and FILS at admission (β = 0.556, p < 0.001) were independently and significantly associated with FILS at discharge (R2= 0.760, f2= 3.167, statistical power = 1.000). Similar variables (echo intensity of the quadriceps [β = −0.498, p = 0.012] and FILS at admission [β = −0.635, p < 0.001]) were independently and significantly related to change in FILS (R2= 0.547, f2= 1.208, statistical power = 0.998). Quadriceps muscle thickness was not independently and significantly related to FILS at discharge and change in FILS.ConclusionOur results indicate that intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients with aspiration pneumonia is more strongly related to the degree of recovery in swallowing ability (that is, swallowing ability at discharge and change in swallowing ability) than muscle mass, and patients who have high intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps at admission have a lower degree of recovery in swallowing ability.
Effects of assisted reproductive technology on severe maternal morbidity risk in both singleton and multiple births in Korea: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Nam Jin Young , Hwang Seoyeon , Jang Sung-In , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: October 2022

Background
Whether infertility treatment predicts severe maternal morbidity in both singleton and twin pregnancies is controversial. We conducted this nationwide population-based cohort study to compare pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology treatments, such as intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization, with unassisted pregnancies.

Methods
This study included 269,930 women who experienced childbirth in 2018, using data of the National Health Insurance Service National Delivery Cohort in Korea. The primary outcome was assessed using a severe maternal morbidity algorithm developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. A modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio of severe maternal morbidity.

Results
Severe maternal morbidity occurred in 6,333 (2.3%) of 280,612 deliveries investigated. The risk of severe maternal morbidity was approximately 1.5-fold higher among women who received in vitro fertilization (risk ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.36–1.68) than among fertile women. However, no significant association between intrauterine insemination and maternal morbidity was identified. Via subgroup analysis, in vitro fertilization increased the risk of severe maternal morbidity by 1.6- and 1.3-fold in singleton and multiple births, respectively (singleton: risk ratio: 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.43–1.83; multiple birth: risk ratio: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.60).

Conclusions
This study suggested that in vitro fertilization was associated with the risk of severe maternal morbidity in both singleton and multiple births. Further research should identify patient- and treatment-specific factors that may mitigate or prevent adverse maternal health risks.
Do reasons for undergoing bariatric surgery influence weight loss and health-related quality of life?–A Swedish mixed method study
Authors: Jaensson Maria , Josefsson Emma , Stenberg Erik , Dahlberg Karuna 
Published: October 2022

Background
A wish for improved health or avoidance of ill health is often given as reason for wanting to undergo bariatric surgery. How such reasons relate to postoperative outcome is unclear.

Objective
The aim was to explore Swedish patients’ reasons for undergoing bariatric surgery. Also, we wanted to analyze if there were sex and age differences and associations with weight loss and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Settings
This was a single-center study conducted at a university hospital.

Method
Data on 688 patients (528 women and 160 men) including a free text response was analyzed inductively and deductively using predefined statements and was merged with data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. All data was analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics.

Result
The most common reason for undergoing bariatric surgery was pain in different body parts. A wish for an improved medical condition was reported by most patients (59%, n = 408), followed by physical limitations making daily life difficult (42%, n = 288). Men and women reported similar reasons. Younger patients were more distressed about physical appearance (p = 0.001) and older patients wanted to improve their medical condition (p = 0.013). Health-related quality of life improved irrespective of reasons for undergoing surgery.

Conclusion
The most reported reasons for undergoing bariatric surgery were a wish for improved medical condition and to make daily life easier. Factors associated with the decision for surgery showed that there were few sex differences, but age seemed to be a factor. The HRQoL trajectory showed improvement regardless of reasons for undergoing surgery.
A new Kalidium species (Amaranthaceae s. l.) from northern Central Asia
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexandr P. , Kushunina Maria A. , Lomonosova Maria N. 
Published: October 2022

Kalidium juniperinum Sukhor. et Lomon. is described as a species new to science. It is similar to K. foliatum in having a short leaf blade but differs by the presence of numerous slender, prostrate, or ascending stems forming mats vs. the stout main upright stem; acuminate bracts slightly exceeding the flower cyme vs. obtuse bracts equal to the flower cyme; the exserted pericarp looking like a bulge on the one-seeded diaspore vs. not or slightly elevated top of the diaspore; shorter anthers; the geographic range in the highlands and mountainous steppe zone vs. Eurasian lowland (semi-)desert regions. K. juniperinum is recorded in Russia (West Siberia and Sayan Mountains), Eastern and Northern Kazakhstan, the Mongolian Altai, and NW China. The names K. foliatum α [var.] glomeratum Fenzl and Kalidium foliatum β [var.] brevifolium Fenzl are lectotypified and synonymized with K. juniperinum.
Chemical, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of the GluN2B receptor antagonist 3-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-1,7-diol – starting point for PET tracer development
Authors: Korff Marvin , Steigerwald Ruben , Bechthold Elena , Schepmann Dirk , Schreiber Julian A. , Meuth Sven G. , Seebohm Guiscard , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
GluN2B-NMDA receptors play a key role in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to develop novel negative allosteric GluN2B-NMDA receptor modulators, the concept of conformational restriction was pursued, i.e. the flexible aminoethanol substructure of ifenprodil was embedded into a more rigid tetrahydro-3-benzazepine system. The resulting tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-1,7-diol (±)-2 (WMS-1410) showed promising receptor affinity in receptor binding studies (K
i = 84 nM) as well as pharmacological activity in two-electrode-voltage-clamp experiments (IC
50 = 116 nM) and in cytoprotective assays (IC
50 = 18.5 nM). The interactions of (R)-2 with the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B-NMDA receptors were analyzed on the molecular level and the “foot-in-the-door” mechanism was developed. Due to promising pharmacokinetic parameters (logD7.4 = 1.68, plasma protein binding of 76–77%, sufficient metabolic stability) F-substituted analogs were prepared and evaluated as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Both fluorine-18-labeled PET tracers [18F]11 and [18F]15 showed high brain uptake, specific accumulation in regions known for high GluN2B-NMDA receptor expression, but no interactions with σ
1 receptors. Radiometabolites were not observed in the brain. Both PET tracers might be suitable for application in humans.
Challenges of Numerical Simulation Models for Induction Surface Hardening of Large Bearing Rings
Authors: Schöning H. , Kadanik M. , Reich M. , Petersen S. , Kessler O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Induction hardening of large bearing rings is a very challenging procedure due to the complex physical processes and their interactions, which need to be properly controlled to produce components meeting the imposed requirements of e.g. wind turbines. The different process parameters significantly alter the resulting microstructures and properties of such a bearing ring. The evolution of numerical simulations in the last decades allows the modelling of processes with a growing complexity. In this work, the challenges of a simulation model for induction surface hardening are shown and discussed. Besides the theoretical background of the interacting physical fields and a brief note about available software packages, the paper focusses on the elaboration of a necessary material database and on the specific problems of induction scan hardening processes for large bearing rings.
Circumcision in Early Islam
Authors: Carmeli Yehonatan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article asserts that verses 124–130 in the second sūrah of the Qurʾān (al-Baqara/“The Cow”) alludes to the biblical precept (Genesis 17) but presents the practice as a custom that has no special virtues, and certainly not those the Jews ascribed to it. It then claims that circumcision is identified as one of Abraham’s trials, which are mentioned in the Qurʾān and thus part of early Islam, and that this idea did not arise in the Middle Ages.
Singularities at interface corners of piezoelectric-brass unimorphs
Authors: Luangarpa Chonlada , Kanchanomai Chaosuan , Koguchi Hideo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, singularity fields at the interface corners of piezoelectric-brass unimorphs are investigated. Two models differing in side surface geometry (step and flat surfaces) are analyzed to study the singularity effect on mechanical (stress–strain) and electrical (electric potential and intensity) behavior. A mixed-mode mechanical boundary condition is applied for analyzing the realistic application of unimorphs, with normal force, shear force, and bending moment as internal forces. The conservative integral together with a three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to determine the intensity of singularity. There are three singularity terms at each vertex and singular line. All singularity terms are investigated in detail. Intensities of the singularities at the vertex and several points located on side surfaces (singular lines) are examined. Results show that the intensities of singularities for mixed-mode conditions differ from that of tensile load conditions. For mixed-mode conditions, the intensity of singularity must be calculated for all singularity terms. In addition, the stress singularity characteristics at the vertex may be described as a function of the singularities along the singular lines. These findings clarify the understanding of singularity at interface corners of piezoelectric-brass unimorphs and may be used as references for developing relevant piezoelectric devices.
The visual representation of space in the primate brain
Authors: Dowiasch Stefan , Kaminiarz Andre , Bremmer Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the major functions of our brain is to process spatial information and to make this information available to our motor systems to interact successfully with the environment. Numerous studies over the past decades and even centuries have investigated, how our central nervous system deals with this challenge. Spatial information can be derived from vision. We see, where the cup of coffee stands at the breakfast table or where the un-mute-button of our video-conference tool is. However, this is always just a snapshot, because the location of the projection of the cup or the un-mute-button shifts across the retina by each eye movement, i.e., 2–3 times per second. So, where exactly in space are objects located? And what signals guide self-motion and navigation through our environment? While also other sensory signals (vestibular, tactile, auditory, even smell) can help us localize objects in space and guide our navigation, here, we will focus on the dominant sense in primates: vision. We will review (i) how visual information is processed to eventually result in space perception, (ii) how this perception is modulated by action, especially eye movements, at the behavioral and at the neural level, and (iii) how spatial representations relate to other encodings of magnitude, i.e., time and number.
Spontaneous Cell Cluster Formation in Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Spheroid Networks Influences Network Activity
Authors: Hörberg Carl-Johan , Englund Johansson Ulrica , Johansson Fredrik , O’Carroll David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional neuronal culture systems such as spheroids, organoids, and assembloids constitute a branch of neuronal tissue engineering that has improved our ability to model the human brain in the laboratory. However, the more elaborate the brain model, the more difficult it becomes to study functional properties such as electrical activity at the neuronal level, similar to the challenges of studying neurophysiologyin vivo. We describe a simple approach to generate self-assembled three-dimensional neuronal spheroid networks with defined human cell composition on microelectrode arrays. Such spheroid networks develop a highly three-dimensional morphology with cell clusters up to 60 μm in thickness and are interconnected by pronounced bundles of neuronal fibers and glial processes. We could reliably record from up to hundreds of neurons simultaneously per culture for ≤90 d. By quantifying the formation of these three-dimensional structures over time, while regularly monitoring electrical activity, we were able to establish a strong link between spheroid morphology and network activity. In particular, the formation of cell clusters accelerates formation and maturation of correlated network activity. Astrocytes both influence electrophysiological network activity as well as accelerate the transition from single cell layers to cluster formation. Higher concentrations of astrocytes also have a strong effect of modulating synchronized network activity. This approach thus represents a practical alternative to often complex and heterogeneous organoids, providing easy access to activity within a brain-like 3D environment.
A Uniform and Isotropic Cytoskeletal Tiling Fills Dendritic Spines
Authors: Eberhardt Florian , Bushong Eric A. , Phan Sébastien , Peltier Steven , Monteagudo-Mesas Pablo , Weinkauf Tino , Herz Andreas V. M. , Stemmler Martin , Ellisman Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDendritic spines are submicron, subcellular compartments whose shape is defined by actin filaments and associated proteins. Accurately mapping the cytoskeleton is a challenge, given the small size of its components. It remains unclear whether the actin-associated structures analyzed in dendritic spines of neuronsin vitroapply to dendritic spines of intact, mature neuronsin situ.Here, we combined advanced preparative methods with multitilt serial section electron microscopy (EM) tomography and computational analysis to reveal the full three-dimensional (3D) internal architecture of spines in the intact brains of male mice at nanometer resolution. We compared hippocampal (CA1) pyramidal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells in terms of the length distribution and connectivity of filaments, their branching-angles and absolute orientations, and the elementary loops formed by the network. Despite differences in shape and size across spines and between spine heads and necks, the internal organization was remarkably similar in both neuron types and largely homogeneous throughout the spine volume. In the tortuous mesh of highly branched and interconnected filaments, branches exhibited no preferred orientation except in the immediate vicinity of the cell membrane. We found that new filaments preferentially split off from the convex side of a bending filament, consistent with the behavior of Arp2/3-mediated branching of actin under mechanical deformation. Based on the quantitative analysis, the spine cytoskeleton is likely subject to considerable mechanical forcein situ.
Circadian Regulation of the Rod Contribution to Mesopic Vision in Mice
Authors: Allen Annette E. 
Published: October 2022

At intermediate (mesopic) light levels, rods and cones are both active and can contribute to vision. This presents a challenge to the retina because the visual responses originating with rods and cones are distinct, yet their visual responses must be seamlessly combined. The current study aimed to establish how the circadian clock regulates rod and/or cone vision in these conditions, given the strong time-of-day change in the reliance on each photoreceptor. Visual responses were recorded in the retina and visual thalamus of anaesthetized male mice at distinct circadian time points, and the method of receptor silent substitution was used to selectively stimulate different photoreceptor types. With stimuli designed to only activate rods, responses in the mesopic range were highly rhythmic and peaked in amplitude in the subjective night. This rhythm was abolished following intravitreal injection of the gap junction blocker meclofenamic acid, consistent with a circadian variation in the strength of electrical coupling of photoreceptors. In contrast, responses to stimuli designed to only activate cones were arrhythmic within the mesopic to photopic range when adapted to the background irradiance. The outcome was that combined rod-plus-cone responses showed a stable contrast-response relationship across mesopic-photopic backgrounds in the circadian day, whereas at night, responses were significantly amplified at lower light levels. These data support the idea that the circadian clock is a key regulator of vision, in this case defining the relative amplitude of rod/cone vision across the mesopic transition according to time of day.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the importance of circadian clocks in regulating vision has been long recognized, less is known about how the clock shapes vision in conditions where both rods and cones are active (mesopic conditions). Here, the novel approach of receptor silent substitution has been applied to trace rod and cone visual responses in mice across the circadian cycle and has identified pronounced rhythms in rod, but not cone, vision. This has the effect of boosting responses in dimmer backgrounds at night at the cost of impaired contrast–response stability across the mesopic to photopic range. Thus, the circadian clock drives anticipatory changes in the relative contribution of rods versus cones to vision, which match the prevailing visual environment.