bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizogenetics (Root Genetics) of Vegetable Crops
Authors: Zobel Richard W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants exist as integrations of their many parts and processes. Each part is conditioned by a distinct collection of genes that interact and integrate with the genes that condition other plant parts or processes (44). Root characteristics are conditioned by about 30% of the plant genome, and one-third of these (10% of the total) condition only root characteristics (39). This level of control for a single plant organ is in agreement with that of other plant organs (25) and implies that root characteristics are as amenable to genetic manipulation as the characteristics of any other plant organ or tissue. Root characteristics are not normally emphasized in plant breeding programs because of the difficulty in observing them in situ, rather than because of a reduced potential for improvement. The level of genetic control described (39) should allow the development of isogenic root mutants that have modified physiological and developmental controls to be used for precise experimentation. Data derived from experimentation with these isogenic root mutants would provide a sound basis for developing and testing hypotheses leading, ultimately, to genetic improvement of vegetable root systems.
Flower and Pod Set of Phaseolus vulgaris Under Controlled Environment Conditions
Authors: Pechan Paul M. , Webster Barbara D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Light Red Kidney’ grown under controlled conditions flowered over a 20-day period. The first flower to open was on the terminal (uppermost) raceme. Pods retained to maturity originated from flowers that opened within 5 days of anthesis and were located at the basal positions on a raceme. Flowers that opened 4 to 5 days after anthesis had a much higher proportion of aborted pods than those that opened at anthesis or one day thereafter.
Reducing Lead Uptake in Lettuce
Authors: Bassuk N. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Black Seeded Simpson’) were grown under greenhouse conditions in soils artificially contaminated with PbCl2. The addition of organic matter or P substantially reduced Pb uptake. Different types of organic matter reduced uptake in the following way, from most to least effective, respectively: muck soil > manure > ground-up leaves > sphagnum peat. The addition of 100 ppm or greater P also reduced Pb uptake. Lead deposited onto leaves from the emissions of a gasoline engine could be removed by washing leaves in 1% aqueous acetic acid or 0.5% liquid detergent solution.
NAA-induced Leaf Epinasty in Chrysanthemum
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Sakai William S. , Hata Trent , Nagao Mike A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of ‘Mountain Snow’ chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), sprayed with 10 mm NAA or 10 mm NAAEE, exhibited severe epinasty after 24 hr, while leaves sprayed with 5 mm ethephon did not. Treatment with 100 μm AOA 24 hr before application reduced ethylene production rate of leaves, but not epinasty. Localized application of NAA to adaxial, abaxial, or both leaf surfaces resulted in similar amounts of leaf epinasty. Epinastic leaves had enlarged adaxial epidermal cells. Size of abaxial epidermal cells was unchanged. This study provides evidence that leaf epinasty of chrysanthemum following NAA application is not the result of auxin-induced ethylene production. Chemical names used: (aminooxy)acetic acid (AOA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid ethyl ester (NAAEE); and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Inheritance of Resistance to a Strain of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in Cucumber
Authors: Provvidenti R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A single plant selection of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar Taichung Mou Gua (TMG-1) from China was the source of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in crosses with the domestic cultivars Marketer and Marketmore 76. In F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross populations, resistance to ZYMV-CT (Connecticut strain) was demonstrated to be conferred by a single recessive gene to which the symbol zym was assigned.
Inheritance of Resistance in Cabbage Seedlings to Black Rot
Authors: Dickson M. D. , Hunter J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to black rot of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Group capitata), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in PI 436606, was conditioned by one recessive gene. The data suggested the occurrence of one or two modifying genes for tolerance to black rot in an unrelated line.
Horticultural Classification of Peppers Grown in the United States
Authors: Smith Paul G. , Villalon Benigno , Villa Philip L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Erwin (2) made the first attempt to classify pepper cultivars for horticultural purposes in 1932. Both the cultivars now used and our knowledge of this plant have changed greatly, so that Erwin's classification has little value at the present time.
Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Oakes G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to Fusarium crown and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici) in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was inherited as a monogenic dominant gene in a cross between the breeding lines 89-1 (resistant) and 1239A (susceptible).
In Vitro Germination and Establishment of Some Strawberry Species
Authors: Straathof T. P. , Goldy R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed from three octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) Fragaria species [F. × ananassa Duch., F. chiloensis (L.) Duch., and F. virginiana Duch.] and three diploid (2n = 2x = 14) species (F. vesca L., F. viridis Duch., and F. daltoniana J. Gay) were placed in vitro on water agar (WA) and ex vitro on 1 sand : 1 sphagnum (v/v) mix. Seed of the octoploid species germinated best regardless of medium. Octoploid species also exhibited better establishment on modified Boxus proliferation medium than the diploids. Five in vitro germination media were tested for F. vesca and F. × ananassa. Fragaria × ananassa germinated best when WA, or WA + sucrose (Su) + 0.1, or 0.05 strength Boxus proliferation nutrients (Nu) was used as the germination medium. Fragaria vesca showed no difference in germination on Su or Nu. However, establishment of F. vesca on proliferation medium was improved if Nu was included in the germination medium. Data indicated that selection for diploid genotypes with good in vitro establishment is possible.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Tissue Cultures of Pecan
Authors: Merkle Scott A. , Wetzstein Hazel Y. , Sommer Harry E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue cultures of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were initiated from embryo explants collected weekly from 12 weeks post-pollination until fruit maturity. Three cultures derived from immature embryos collected 14 weeks postpollination produced primary somatic embryos within 1 month following transfer from modified woody plant medium (WPM) with 2.0 mgliter−1 2,4-D and 0.25 mg liter−1 BA in the light to hormone-free medium in the dark. Scanning electron microscopy documented the development of secondary embryos, which followed a globular, heartshaped, and torpedo-stage developmental sequence. Chemical names used: (2,4-di-chlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D), N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), and 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
Adventitious Shoot and Plantlet Formation from Cultured Pomegranate Leaf Explants
Authors: Omura M. , Matsuta N. , Moriguchi T. , Kozaki I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Callus from leaf explants of two pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) clones produced adventitious shoots after 2 months of in vitro culture. Leaf segment explants initially were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with a range of 0.5-10 μm BA and 0.05-5 (μm NAA. Shoot elongation was stimulated most efficiently when the initial calli were transferred from the shoot induction medium to half-strength MS supplemented with 2 μm BA. Elongated shoots rooted easily on a medium of one-half MS and 0.1 μm NAA. Whole plants were recovered after transfer to vermiculite in a greenhouse. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Non-sweet or Staple Type Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Martin Franklin W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The typical sweet potato is not necessarily sweet before cooking. It contains 4-20% nonreducing sugar, chiefly sucrose, and 1-10% reducing sugars, principally fructose, on a dry weight basis (5). During cooking, part of the starch is hydrolyzed to maltose and dextrins by β amylase (2). The sucrose content, on the other hand, is not affected by cooking, except that boiling may remove part of it.
‘Snowdwarf Philadelphus
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Snowdwarf’ is the only dwarf mock-orange (Philadelphus × virginalis) besides ‘Manteau d'Hermine’, but it has a longer flowering season and is more productive. ‘Snowdwarf’ was derived from (‘Virginal’ × ‘Manteau d'Hermine’) × ‘Silvia’. ‘Virginal’ and ‘Silvia’ are cultivars of P. × virginalis Redh., and ‘Manteau d'Hermine’ is a cultivar of P. × lemoinei Lemoine. The cross ‘Virginal’ × ‘Manteau d'Hermine’ was made in 1956 by D. R. Sampson, also of the Plant Research Centre (3).
‘Golden Isles’ Muscadine Grape for Wine
Authors: Lane R. P. , Bates R. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Isles’ is a perfect-flowered bronze muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) that produces an exceptionally high-quality white wine. It was developed by the Univ. of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, and the enological evaluations were conducted at the Univ. of Florida under Regional Project No. S-142.
Ohio 11 and 12, Verticillium-wilt-Race-2-resistant Greenhouse Tomato Breeding Lines
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Oakes G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ohio 11 and 12 greenhouse tomato Ly-copersicon esculentum Mill.) lines, resistant to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Race 2 (Ve-Race 2) are pink, uniform-ripening, and large-fruited indeterminate types. Ohio 11 is also resistant to tobacco mosaic virus (Tm-22) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicisly Coper-sici (For). Ohio 12 has similar disease resistance, but is heterozygous resistant for Tm-22. They have potential as a germplasm source of the Ve-Race 2 resistance and other desirable characteristics. They may be useful as inbreds for the development of commercial greenhouse tomato hybrids.
‘Sungem’ Nectarine
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Lyrene P. M. , Andersen P. C. , Crocker T. E. , Sharpe R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sungem’ nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] (Fig. 1) was released to provide an early ripening nectarine for commercial markets. All nectarines released by the Univ. of Florida begin with the prefix “Sun”. ‘Sun-gem’ is expected to be successful for homeowners, consumer harvest, local markets, and commercial growers with large acreage.
Pyracantha × ‘Apache’
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pyracantha × ‘Apache’, the 5th U.S. National Arboretum introduction, combines disease resistance and compact dwarf growth habit. Pyracantha, commonly known as fire-thom, is a major nursery container-produced plant that is primarily grown for the spectacular fruit display. The four previously introduced cultivars are ‘Shawnee’, NA 28179 (1), ‘Mohave’, NA 32225 (2), ‘Navaho’, NA 38451, and ‘Teton’, NA 38450 (3).
Flooding Stress and the Root Development of Several Tomato Genotypes
Authors: Poysa V. W. , Tan C. S. , Stone J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars well-adapted to sandy soils and reportedly flood-tolerant genotypes were subjected to a range of flooding stresses in a controlled environment growth room and in the field. Root systems were partitioned into stem-borne adventitious roots, roots in the upper 10 cm of the soil profile, and the remaining roots. There was no difference between the reportedly flood-tolerant genotypes and cultivars adapted to sandy soils in response to the flooding stresses. In continuously flooded plants, adventitious roots accounted for more than one-half the root biomass. In plants subjected to periodic flooding, adventitious root growth was restricted.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Production of Mechanically Harvested Snap Beans
Authors: Mullins Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nine snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars were evaluated at N fertilization rates of 17 and 67 kg·ha−1 during 1984 and 1985. Plant lodging was more severe at the high-N rate than at the low rate in both years, and pod decay was more severe at the high-N rate in 1984. ‘Bush Blue Lake 47’ was the only cultivar among those tested that did not have more lodging at the high-N rate than at the low-N rate. ‘Flo’ was the only cultivar with higher yields at the high-N rate. The cultivars evaluated showed the most favorable yield and growth responses at the N rate of 17 kg·ha−1, which is lower than rates usually recommended for snap beans.
Efficacy of Diphacinone for Control of Orchard Voles
Authors: Byers R. E. , Carbaugh D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy of the Ramik-Brown formulation against pine voles was improved by increasing the concentration of diphacinone (DPN) from 0.005% to 0.216%. A 10-fold increase in diphacinone concentration in the Ramik-Brown formulation increased mortality of meadow voles (5% to 25%) in a laboratory cage trial without affecting bait consumption. The Ramik-Green formulation (fish-flavored) was equally effective for control of pine voles as the Ramik-Brown (apple-flavored). Chemical names used: 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione (diphacinone).
Low-volume Scaffold Branch Irrigation for Citrus Freeze Protection
Authors: Bourgeois Wayne J. , Adams Alvin J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scaffold branch irrigation significantly enhanced tree survival and decreased the percentage of canopy that was killed on young Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis) and Owari satsuma (Citrus unshiu) trees subjected to — 8.9°C during a 1985 freeze. Scaffold branch irrigation has shown considerable potential as a method of freeze protection for Louisiana citrus producers.
Cultivar Effect on Adventitious Root Development of Clonal Apple Rootstocks
Authors: Rom Roy C. , Motichek George R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spur ‘Redchief’ and ‘Granspur’ and non-spur ‘Imperial Double Red Delicious’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) on MM 106 and MM 111 rootstocks were field-set 18 cm deeper than in the nursery row using two planting methods. Trees were dug and root systems evaluated at the end of one growing season. Planting method resulted in differential scion growth, but no differences in adventitious root development on the buried rootstock shank. Rootstock did not affect incidence of shank rooting, although the MM 111 stock had a tendency to produce more roots per rooting site. Cultivar type significantly affected shank root development, with nonspur cultivars having an increased percentage of shanks rooting and a significantly increased number of burrknots with developing roots produced on each rootstock shank.
Postharvest Research in a Developing Country: A View From Brazil
Authors: Mukai Margret Kyoko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the goal set in 1975 by the Seventh Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly for a 50% reduction in postharvest losses to be achieved by 1985, little postharvest horticultural research has been published by lesser developed countries (LDCs), where losses are assumed to be high (7, 9, 12). An exception is the work of the ASEAN Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center in the Philippines. Interest in postharvest research, however, runs keen among LDC researchers. A recent survey of foreign alumni of the Dept. of Horticulture at Michigan State Univ. showed that the course most cited as the one they “would take today” was postharvest physiology (1).
Foliar Potassium Sprays on Adult Pecan Trees
Authors: Smith Michael W. , Cotten B. C. , Ager P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar K applications were evaluated on adult pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch.] in four separate experiments using various rates and timings of either K2SO4 or KNO3. Ammonium nitrate and/or urea also were used to enhance K absorption. Results indicated that foliar K applications using either K2SO4 or KNO3 were not effective in supplying K to the trees. Leaf K concentration, nut size, kernel percent, and yield, in most cases, did not respond to the treatments. Neither NH4NO3 nor urea improved K absorption.
Sugar and Organic Acid Content of Cherry Tomato Fruit at Different Ripening Stages
Authors: Picha David H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sugar and organic acid concentrations in fruit of two cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme Alef.) cultivars (‘Large Red Cherry’ and ‘Small Fry’) were determined at five stages of ripening. Fructose and glucose concentration increased in both cultivars from the immature-green to table-ripe stage, with fructose being the primary sugar. Sucrose, present in low concentration, was higher in the immature-green than table-ripe stage. Citric acid was the primary organic acid and it increased in concentration from the immature-green to mature-green stage (and to the light-red stage in ‘Small Fry’), but no further change occurred from the light-red to table-ripe stage. Malic acid decreased in concentration from the mature-green to table-ripe stage. ‘Large Red Cherry’ fruit contained more fructose, glucose, and malic acid, but less citric acid than ‘Small Fry’ fruit. The pattern of sugar and organic acid change during cherry tomato fruit ripening was similar to the pattern of change previously reported for large-fruited types.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of [14C]IAA Ethyl Ester
Authors: Darnell Rebecca L. , Greve L. Carl , Martin George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple procedure for synthesizing and purifying the [14C]ethyl ester of IAA (Et-IAA) is described. This auxin has been found to stimulate parthenocarpic fruit set in day-neutral strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Fern’), which are non-responsive to various other auxins. Et-IAA may prove useful in eliciting physiological responses in systems shown previously to be auxin-nonresponsive. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
Ice Formation in Woody Plants Under Field Conditions
Authors: Honma Shigemi , Ashworth E. N. , Davis G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “ ‘Ice Formation in Woody Plants Under Field Conditions” by E.N. Ashworth and G.A. Davis (HortScience 21:1233-1234, Oct. 1986) literature citations 1 and 4 were printed incorrectly.
Crop Production on Reclaimed Phosphate-mined Soils in Florida
Authors: Hocmuth C. J. , Hanlon E. A. , Stricker J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florida produces nearly 80% of the United State's and up to 25% of the world's phosphate (1). Begun in the 1800s, Florida phosphate mining occurs mostly in south-central Florida (Bone Valley) and, to a lesser degree, in extreme northern Florida. About 90% of Florida phosphate is used in agricultural fertilizers and 5% goes into animal feed supplements (1). The remainder is used in many products, including soft drinks, flame-proofing compounds, insecticides, plastics, and cleaning products.
Influence of Dikegulac on the Growth of Processing Tomatoes
Authors: Frost D. J. , Kretchman D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three weeks after transplanting tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), aqueous sprays of dikegulac were applied at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 ppm to stimulate lateral branching. An apical hand-pinch pruning treatment also was made at this time. Ten days later, a separate 500 ppm dikegulac treatment was applied. An increase in the degree of lateral branching was observed with the 500 and 2500 ppm dikegulac concentrations. The hand-pinched treatment had no apparent influence on branching. The stimulation of branching increased the total number of fruiting clusters per plant. However, the 2500 and late 500 ppm dikegulac treatments delayed flowering, delayed fruit maturity, reduced fruit size, and restricted yields. The 100 and early 500 ppm dikegulac and hand-pinch treatments had no apparent effect on yields or time of fruit maturity. Chemical name used: 2,3:4,6-bis-O-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-α-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (dikegulac).
Response of Aglaonema ‘Silver Queen’ to Nighttime Chilling Temperatures
Authors: Fooshee W. C. , McConnell D. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aglaonema ‘Silver Queen’ exposed to 4.5°, 13°, or 21°C for 10 hr each night for 1, 3, or 6 nights exhibited visual damage that increased as temperature decreased or as length of exposure increased. Growth index was negatively correlated with length of exposure in growth chambers, but exhibited no response to temperature. Leaf areas of new leaves exhibited reduced values at the lowest temperature and longest durations, but measurements of effusate conductivities, total leaf area, and number of new leaves were not affected by treatments. Microscopic examination of visually damaged leaves showed collapsed epidermal cells, while stem sections of chilled plants had a reduced number of starch grains.
Influence of Leaf to Fruit Ratio on Nut Quality, Shoot Carbohydrates, and Photosynthesis of Pecan
Authors: Marquard Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf to fruit ratios of 2, 4, 8, and 12 were created on girdled shoots of three cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch). Girdling of fruiting and vegetative shoots reduced net photosynthesis to nearly 30% and 3%, respectively, of the ungirdled “checks.” Differences in photosynthetic rates among the various leaf to nut ratios were not detectable. Two leaves, equivalent to 575 cm2 of leaf area, were sufficient to fill one pecan kernel of ‘Sioux’ or ‘Western’. A ‘Mohawk’ leaf to fruit ratio of 4 produced nuts superior in quality to those supported by two leaves. Girdling tended to increase shoot carbohydrates, and starch accumulation was related to leaf to fruit ratio in ‘Mohawk’.
A Mosaic Disease of Wax Myrtle Associated with a New Species of Eriophyid Mite
Authors: Elliott M. S. , Cromroy H. L. , Zettler F. W. , Carpenter W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A mosaic disease of wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera L.) occurring in Florida is described. Affected plants had small, distorted leaves that displayed a virus-like mosaic pattern characterized by pale green blistered areas interspersed with dark green, normal-colored tissues. Affected epidermal, palisade, and spongy mesophyll cells were disorganized, distorted, and frequently contained fewer definable chloroplasts than healthy leaves. Standard virus indexing techniques yielded no evidence of a viral etiology; however, a new species of eriophyid mite, Calepitrimerus ceriferaphagus Cromroy, was recovered from symptomatic tissue. Symptomatic plants produced symptomless new growth after treatment with the systemic acaricide oxamyl, suggesting an association of the mite with the mosaic disease. Chemical name used: methyl 2-(dimethyl-amino)-N-[[methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-2-oxoethanimidothioate(oxamyl).