bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Impact of a Community-Based Intervention on Knowledge Gained and Attitudes Towards the HPV Vaccine in Virginia
Authors: Panagides Reanna , Voges Noelle , Oliver Janaye , Bridwell Debbie , Mitchell Emma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHPV vaccination series completion rates have increased steadily in the USA, yet specific areas continue to be burdened by HPV-related cancers, including rural areas of Virginia. The primary purpose of this study is to compare the impact of an community driven educational film about HPV on intention to vaccinate and knowledge gained in urban and rural areas of Virginia. From October 2016 to September 2019, the CDC-approved documentary “Someone You Love: The HPV Epidemic” was screened and followed by a Q&A session. Intention to vaccinate and knowledge gained after seeing the DVD intervention were measured through a pre-post-survey and analyzed data using chi-squared tests. The sample included males and females of all races and ages 18+ that identified as either student, parent/guardian, and/or healthcare provider from rural and urban geographical areas. Changes in knowledge about HPV were statistically significant in two out of seven questions (p < 0.05). Changes in attitude were statistically significant in every attitude-based question about HPV (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in knowledge gained and attitudes towards the HPV vaccine when comparing urban and rural locations as well. More research is needed to explore the efficacy of community-based interventions to increase uptake and series completion of HPV vaccination, particularly in rural areas most impacted by HPV-associated cancers.
Rhizobium rhizogenes infection in threatened Indian orchid Dendrobium ovatum mobilises ‘Moscatilin’ to enhance plant defensins
Authors: Pujari Ipsita , Babu Vidhu Sankar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study illustrates the transformation ability of two wild-type bacterial strains of Rhizobium rhizogenes (MTCC 532 and MTCC 2364) on the embryogenic callus and callus-derived plantlets of a threatened Indian orchid, Dendrobium ovatum. Co-culture of the bacterium with the explants gave marginal hairy root phenotype that failed to multiply in the culture medium. Some primary and secondary metabolites were subdued in infected explants. Moscatilin, the stilbenoid active principle in D. ovatum, was found below the detection limit. The presence of two metabolites viz., Laudanosine, a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid and Lyciumin B, a cyclic peptide, were detected exclusively in the infected explants. The subjugated amino acids and phenolics in the infected plantlets were routed to produce phytoanticipins, and phenanthrenes, strengthening the defence mechanism in infected tissues. This research implies that the plant's defence mechanism activation could have prevented the extensive hairy root formation in the explants, even though nodulations and phenotype transitions were witnessed. Moscatilin has a structural resemblance with Resveratrol, a phytoalexin that combats bacterial and fungal pathogens. The study favours the possibility of Moscatlin being a precursor for phenanthrene compounds, thereby serving as a ‘phytoanticipin’ during the infection phase.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in German secondary schools from October 2020 to July 2021: a longitudinal study
Authors: Kirsten Carolin , Kahre Elisabeth , Blankenburg Judith , Schumm Leonie , Haag Luise , Galow Lukas , Unrath Manja , Czyborra Paula , Schneider Josephine , Lück Christian , Dalpke Alexander H. , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in students and teachers in 14 Secondary schools in eastern Saxony, Germany. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in study population. Number of undetected cases.

Methods
Serial seroprevalence study.

Results
The role of educational settings in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic is still controversial. Seroprevalence increases from 0.8 to 5.9% from October to December when schools remained open and to 12.2% in March/April during a strict lockdown with closed schools. The ratio of undetected to detected cases decreased from 0.76 to 0.44 during the study period.

Conclusion
During the second and third wave of the pandemic in Germany, students and teachers are not overrepresented in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The percentage of undetected cases is moderate and decreases over time. The risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 within the household is higher than contracting it in educational settings making school closures rather ineffective in terms of pandemic control measures or individual risk reduction in children and adolescents.

Trial registration
DRKS00022455 (July 23rd, 2020).
Mediation models of anxiety and depression between temperament and drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jérolon Allan , Perduca Vittorio , Delsedime Nadia , Abbate-Daga Giovanni , Marzola Enrica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening condition in which temperament, anxiety, depression, and core AN body-related psychopathology (drive for thinness, DT, and body dissatisfaction, BD) are intertwined. This relationship has not been to date disentangled; therefore, we performed a multiple mediation analysis aiming to quantify the effect of each component.

Methods
An innovative multiple mediation statistical method has been applied to data from 184 inpatients with AN completing: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, Eating Disorders Inventory-2, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory.

Results
All affective temperaments but the hyperthymic one were involved in the relationship with DT and BD. Only the anxious temperament had a significant unmediated direct effect on DT after the strictest correction for multiple comparisons, while the depressive temperament had a significant direct effect on DT at a less strict significance level. State anxiety was the strongest mediator of the link between affective temperament and core AN body-related psychopathology. Depression showed intermediate results while trait anxiety was not a significant mediator at all.

Conclusion
Affective temperaments had a relevant impact on body-related core components of AN; however, a clear direct effect could be identified only for the anxious and depressive temperaments. Also, state anxiety was the strongest mediator thus entailing interesting implications in clinical practice.

Level of evidence
V, cross-sectional study.
Study on the mechanism of rapid formation of ultra-thick tribofilm by CeO2 nano additive and ZDDP
Authors: Lei Xue , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Shengmao , Yang Guangbin , Zhang Chunli , Zhang Pingyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCeO2 nanoparticles are potential anti-wear additives because of their outstanding anti-wear and load-bearing capacity. However, the shear-sintering tribo-film formation mechanism of oxide nanoparticles limits the tribo-film formation rate and thickness greatly. In this study, by compounding with zinc dioctyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), ultra-fine CeO2 nanoparticles modified with oleylamine (OM) can quickly form 2 µm ultra-thick tribo-film, which is 10–15 times thicker than that of ZDDP and CeO2, respectively. The ultra-thick tribo-film presents a nanocomposite structure with amorphous phosphate as binder and nano-CeO2 as filling phase, which leads to the highest loading capacity of composite additives. The results of adsorption experiments tested by dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) showed that the PB value of additive has nothing to do with its equilibrium adsorption mass, but is directly proportional to its adsorption rate in 10 s. The compound additive of CeO2 and ZDDP presented the co-deposition mode of ZDDP monolayer rigid adsorption and CeO2 viscoelastic adsorption on the metal surface, which showed the highest adsorption rate in 10 s. It is found that the tribo-film must have high film forming rate and wear resistance at the same time in order to achieve super thickness. Cerium phosphate was formed from ZDDP and CeO2 through tribochemistry reaction, which promotes the formation of an ultra-thick tribo-film with nanocomposite structure, which not only maintains the low friction characteristics of CeO2, but also realizes high PB and high load-carrying capacity.
The dopaminergic control of Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Pivonello R. , Pivonello C. , Simeoli C. , De Martino M. C. , Colao A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCushing’s Syndrome (CS), or chronic endogenous hypercortisolism, is a rare and serious disease due to corticotroph pituitary (Cushing’s disease, CD) and extra-pituitary (ectopic CS) tumours overproducing ACTH, or cortisol-secreting adrenal tumours or lesions (adrenal CS). The first-line treatment for CS is represented by the surgical removal of the responsible tumour, but surgery might be unfeasible or ineffective and medical treatment can be required in a relevant percentage of patients with CS, especially CD and ectopic CS. Corticotroph pituitary and extra-pituitary tumours, as well as adrenal tumours and lesions responsible for CS express dopamine receptors (DRs), which have been found to mediate inhibition of hormone secretion and/or cell proliferation in experimental setting, suggesting that dopaminergic system, particularly DRs, might represent a target for the treatment of CS. Dopamine agonists (DAs), particularly cabergoline (CAB), are currently used as off-label treatment for CD, the most common form of CS, demonstrating efficacy in controlling hormone secretion and tumour growth in a relevant number of cases, with the improvement of clinical picture, and displaying good safety profile. Therefore, CAB may be considered a reasonable alternative treatment for persistent or recurrent CD after pituitary surgery failure, but occasionally also before pituitary surgery, as adjuvant treatment, or even instead of pituitary surgery as first-line treatment in case of surgery contraindications or refusal. A certain beneficial effect of CAB has been also reported in ectopic CS. However, the role of DAs in the clinical management of the different types of CS requires further evaluations.
Multicenter retro-prospective observational study on chronic hypoparathyroidism and rhPTH (1–84) treatment
Authors: Marcucci G. , Beccuti G. , Carosi G. , Cetani F. , Cianferotti L. , Colao A. M. , Di Somma C. , Duradoni M. , Elefante A. , Ghizzoni L. , Giusti M. , Lania A. G. , Lavezzi E. , Madeo B. , Mantovani G. , Marcocci C. , Masi L. , Parri S. , Pigliaru F. , Santonati A. , Spada A. , Vera L. , Brandi M. L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 months of rhPTH (1–84) (Natpar®) treatment in a cohort of patients selected according to the indications of hypoparathyroidism guidelines. The use of recombinant human PTH (1–84) [rhPTH (1–84)] is approved as hormonal replacement therapy in patients with hypoparathyroidism not adequately controlled with conventional therapy.

Methods
It is a multicenter, observational, retro-prospective, open label study. Eleven Italian Endocrinological centers, members of Hypoparathyroidism Working Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (HypoparaNET) were involved. Main outcome measures were serum and urinary calcium and phosphate concentration, calcium-phosphate product, renal function, oral calcium and vitamin D doses, and clinical manifestations.

Results
Fourteen adult subjects, affected by chronic hypoparathyroidism, were treated with rhPTH (1–84) for 12 months. At 12 months of rhPTH (1–84) treatment, 61.5% of patients discontinued calcium supplement and 69.2% calcitriol. Mean albumin-adjusted total serum calcium levels quickly normalized after initiation of rhPTH (1–84) treatment compared to baseline (p = 0.009), remaining in the normal range until 12 months. Rare hypo-hypercalcemia episodes were reported. Renal function was maintained normal and no renal complications were reported. Serum and urinary phosphate and urinary calcium were maintained in the normal range. Mean phosphatemia levels linearly decreased from 3 months up to 12 months compared to baseline (p = 0.014). No severe adverse events were described.

Conclusions
Biochemical and clinical results confirm the efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1–84) therapy, which represents an important option for hypoparathyroid patients unresponsive to conventional therapy.
Heat and sun related medical concerns in Australian led outdoor activities: a three-year prospective study
Authors: Fortington Lauren V. , Goode Natassia , Finch AO Caroline F. , Salmon Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActive participation in the outdoors is beneficial for health and wellbeing. However, the impact of extreme weather, particularly heat, on safe participation is causing concern for organisations who lead these activities. Local mitigation strategies and acute management of heat- and sun-related illness (HSRI) are generally well understood by researchers and medical practitioners, however, cases continue to occur so further understanding of why this happens is required. This study aimed to identify the number, nature and contributory factors of HSRI in Australian led outdoor activities in order to seek opportunities for their prevention. This study presents a descriptive analysis of contributory factors to HSRI occurring during led outdoor activities. Cases were prospectively collected across 3 years (2014-2017) from a national Australian incident reporting system. Cases were included by identification of keywords linked with sun or heat exposure. From 2,015 incident cases, 48 cases were included: 25 termed heat stroke and 23 as “other adverse outcomes related to sun or heat.” One in three (35%) cases occurred during outdoor walking or running, and one in four occurred while camping. A total 146 contributory factors were identified. These factors were attributed to the activity participant (e.g. competence, decision making); equipment and resources (e.g. food/drink, dehydration); and environment (e.g. hot weather.). Mild to moderate HSRI was identifiable by signs/symptoms. Contributory factors were linked to the individual participant. Potentially, these factors could be mitigated through system focused approaches. Awareness of wider responsibility for preventing HSRI should be promoted across led outdoor activities.
Lost in translation: how comparing the uses of the term ‘foreigner’ can help explain China’s immigration policy shift
Authors: Xu Lingyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScholars normally explore China’s international migration policy through a pure social sciences lens. This article aims to investigate the policy evolution trajectory, adding a linguistic viewpoint. It explores the question of how the word ‘foreigner’ changed to reflect shifting policies. Theoretically, it engages historical institutionalism and focuses on the critical junctures in Chinese history, especially after 1949. Methodologically, it uses document interrogation. To collect data, it mainly relies on Chinese encyclopaedic dictionaries (e.g. The Great Chinese Dictionary, Chinese Etymology Dictionary), Chinese historical ancient books, the Peking University Law database [PKULAW] and some regulation compilation books. In China, a variety of words can signify ‘foreigner’ (Waiqiao, Waiguoren, Yimin), yet each word has another connotation. Waiqiao suggests that China regards foreigners from an ethnic and cultural perspective, revealing an ethnic orientation of the policy makers in Chinese immigration policies in the 1950s. Waiguoren has a more political undertone and strengthens the administrative orientation of immigration policies after the 1960s. While, as a more recent phenomenon, the use of Yimin is a sign for the turn of integration-oriented policies. By differentiating those terms and clarifying their applications in different historical periods, we expect to unveil a clear link between the use of the different terms and China’s immigration policy changes.
An analysis of changes in wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Murphy Jen , Elliot Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the trajectory of wellbeing over the course of the first wave and sought to determine whether the change in wellbeing is distributed equally across the population. Specifically we investigated pre-existing medical conditions, social isolation, financial stress and deprivation as a predictor for wellbeing and whether there were community level characteristics which protect against poorer wellbeing.

Methods
Using online survey responses from the COVID-19 modules of Understanding society, we linked 8379 English cases across five waves of data collection to location based deprivation statistics. We used ordinary least squares regression to estimate the association between deprivation, pre-existing conditions and socio-demographic factors and the change in well-being scores over time, as measured by the GHQ-12 questionnaire.

Results
A decline in wellbeing was observed at the beginning of the first lock down period at the beginning of March 2020. This was matched with a corresponding recovery between April and July as restrictions were gradually lifted. There was no association between the decline and deprivation, nor between deprivation and recovery. The strongest predictor of wellbeing during the lock down, was the baseline score, with the counterintuitive finding that for those will pre-existing poor wellbeing, the impact of pandemic restrictions on mental health were minimal, but for those who had previously felt well, the restrictions and the impact of the pandemic on well-being were much greater.

Conclusions
These data show no evidence of a social gradient in well-being related to the pandemic. In fact, well-being was shown to be highly elastic in this period indicating a national level of resilience which cut across the usually observed health inequalities.
The Kastler–Kalau–Walze Type Theorems for the Perturbation of the de Rham Hodge Operator
Authors: Liu Siyao , Wu Tong , Wang Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs applications of the noncommutative residue, we prove the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional compact manifolds. To get these theorems, we give the Lichnerowicz type formulas for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on compact manifolds without boundary and the calculation formulas of the boundary term on compact mani-folds with boundary. Additionally, some concrete examples of the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator are provided for our main theorems. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator have not been considered in the literature. Thus, the current study hopes to serve such a need, in this paper, we investigate the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional compact manifolds with or without boundary. We compute the Lichnerowicz formulas for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator and the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on n-dimensional compact manifolds without boundary. And then we prove the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems on 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional compact manifolds with boundary for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator. Results: The motivation of this paper is to prove the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator. Specically, we calculate $$\widetilde{\mathrm{Wres}}[\pi ^+D_{A}^{-1}\circ \pi ^+ {{D_A^*}^{-1}}]$$

Wres
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, $$\widetilde{\mathrm{Wres}}[\pi ^+D_{A}^{-1}\circ \pi ^+ {{D_A}^{-1}}]$$

Wres
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+

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+

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, $$\widetilde{\mathrm{Wres}}[\pi ^+D_{A}^{-1}\circ \pi ^+ {{D_A^*}D_{A}{D_A^*}^{-1}}]$$

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. The main work of this paper is to prove the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional compact manifolds with (resp.without) boundary. Theorem 2.2 shows that the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator on n-dimensional compact manifolds without boundary. On 4-dimensional compact manifolds with boundary, the main results of this paper are Theorem 3.8 and Theorem 3.18, which are the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator. On the other hand, on 6-dimensional compact manifolds with 1 boundary, the main results of this paper are Theorem 4.3 and Theorem 4.15, which are the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorems for the perturbation of the de Rham Hodge operator. Comparing with the previous conclusion, we use new operator to study. Although the calculation process is more complex, the better conclusions we have. The results are useful for analyzing and interpreting certain physical theories.
Intraoperative endoscopy through enterotomy for overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tao Qingsong , AL-Magedi Ahmed A.S. , Wang Zhi , Xu Wei , Wu Rong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is challenging and often needs intraoperative endoscopy (IOE) with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The study was to compare the different approaches to perform IOE for overt OGIB.

Patients and methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 98 patients who underwent trans-enterotomy IOE (IOE-E) or other approaches such as peroral IOE (IOE-oral), trans-anal IOE (IOE-anal), or combined route (IOE-combo). Patient characteristics, demographics, diagnostic tests, IOE findings, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
All 98 patients underwent IOE. There are 31 patients in the IOE-E group, 26 patients in the IOE-oral group, 23 patients in the IOE-anal group, and 18 patients in the IOE-combo group, respectively. Long-term follow-up information (>6 months) was successfully obtained in 72 patients. IOE-E has the lowest postoperative morbidity rate (16%, P < 0.05), the shortest time of operation (43.2 ± 17.4 min, P < 0.05) and shortest hospital length of stay (6.7 ± 5.1 days, P < 0.05), as compared to the other three approaches.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative endoscopy through enterotomy represents a safer and more ideal strategy in the management of overt OGIB.

Graphical abstract

Highlights