bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Local Authority Variation in Looked After Young People’s Subjective Well-being
Authors: Suh Ellie , Selwyn Julie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There has been growing interest in the Local Authority (LA) variation in rates of admission to care and provision of services but less is known about whether young people’s experience of care varies by LA. Using survey data from 4,994 looked after young people (aged eleven to eighteen years) from thirty-six English LAs, the analyses focused on LA variation in their subjective well-being. There was a statistically small LA variation in young people’s responses to individual survey questions except for a question that asked if young people felt they had a trusted adult in their lives. Between 66 per cent and 100 per cent of young people had a trusted adult depending on the LA caring for them. Positively associated with overall well-being were, being looked after by a non-London LA, a longer length of time in care, fewer placement moves, children’s positive perceptions of a reciprocal trusting relationship with their carer, having a good friend and being male. Counter-intuitively, LAs with an outstanding or good Ofsted social care or education judgement were associated with a higher proportion of their young people having low well-being.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Codetection With Influenza A and Other Respiratory Viruses Among School-Aged Children and Their Household Members—12 March 2020 to 22 February 2022, Dane County, Wisconsin
Authors: Temte Jonathan L , Barlow Shari , Temte Emily , Goss Maureen , Bateman Allen , Florek Kelsey , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Concurrent detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory virus in individuals can document contemporaneous circulation. We used an ongoing, community-based study of school-aged children and their households to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 codetections with other respiratory viruses in a non–medically attended population over a 2-year period.

Methods
Household enrollment was predicated on an acute respiratory illness in a child residing in that household who was also a kindergarten through 12th-grade student in the participating school district. Demographic, symptom, and household composition data and self-collected nasal specimens were obtained on the recruitment day, and 7 and 14 days later, from the index child and all other household members. All specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Day 0 specimens from the index children were simultaneously tested for 16 pathogens using a commercial respiratory pathogen panel (RPP). To assess viral codetections involving SARS-CoV-2, all household specimens were tested via RPP if the index child’s day 0 specimen tested positive to any of the 16 pathogen targets in RPP and any household member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Of 2109 participants (497 index children in 497 households with 1612 additional household members), 2 (0.1%) were positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A; an additional 11 (0.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and another RPP-covered respiratory virus. Codetections predominantly affected school-aged children (12 of 13 total) and were noted in 11 of 497 households.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 codetections with other respiratory viruses were uncommon and predominated in school-aged children.
Patterns, Predictors, and Intercenter Variability in Empiric Gram-Negative Antibiotic Use Across 928 United States Hospitals
Authors: Goodman Katherine E , Baghdadi Jonathan D , Magder Laurence S , Heil Emily L , Sutherland Mark , Dillon Ryan , Puzniak Laura , Tamma Pranita D , Harris Anthony D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Empiric antibiotic use among hospitalized adults in the United States (US) is largely undescribed. Identifying factors associated with broad-spectrum empiric therapy may inform antibiotic stewardship interventions and facilitate benchmarking.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults discharged in 2019 from 928 hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database. “Empiric” gram-negative antibiotics were defined by administration before day 3 of hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression models with random effects by hospital were used to evaluate associations between patient and hospital characteristics and empiric receipt of broad-spectrum, compared to narrow-spectrum, gram-negative antibiotics.

Results
Of 8 017 740 hospitalized adults, 2 928 657 (37%) received empiric gram-negative antibiotics. Among 1 781 306 who received broad-spectrum therapy, 30% did not have a common infectious syndrome present on admission (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, or bacteremia), surgery, or an intensive care unit stay in the empiric window. Holding other factors constant, males were 22% more likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.22 [95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.23]), and all non-White racial groups 6%–13% less likely (aOR range, 0.87–0.94), to receive broad-spectrum therapy. There were significant prescribing differences by region, with the highest adjusted odds of broad-spectrum therapy in the US West South Central division. Even after model adjustment, there remained substantial interhospital variability: Among patients receiving empiric therapy, the probability of receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics varied as much as 34+ percentage points due solely to the admitting hospital (95% interval of probabilities: 43%–77%).

Conclusions
Empiric gram-negative antibiotic use is highly variable across US regions, and there is high, unexplained interhospital variability. Sex and racial disparities in the receipt of broad-spectrum therapy warrant further investigation.
Viral Dynamics of Omicron and Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants With Implications for Timing of Release from Isolation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bouton Tara C , Atarere Joseph , Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Seitz Scott , Sher-Jan Cole , Gilbert Madison , White Laura , Zhou Zhenwei , Hossain Mohammad M , Overbeck Victoria , Doucette-Stamm Lynn , Platt Judy , Landsberg Hannah E , Hamer Davidson H , Klapperich Catherine , Jacobson Karen R , Connor John H 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn January 2022, US guidelines shifted to recommend isolation for 5 days from symptom onset, followed by 5 days of mask-wearing. However, viral dynamics and variant and vaccination impact on culture conversion are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study on a university campus, collecting daily anterior nasal swabs for at least 10 days for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and culture, with antigen rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) on a subset. We compared culture positivity beyond day 5, time to culture conversion, and cycle threshold trend when calculated from diagnostic test, from symptom onset, by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, and by vaccination status. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of RDT on days 4–6 compared with culture.ResultsAmong 92 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR–positive participants, all completed the initial vaccine series; 17 (18.5%) were infected with Delta and 75 (81.5%) with Omicron. Seventeen percent of participants had positive cultures beyond day 5 from symptom onset, with the latest on day 12. There was no difference in time to culture conversion by variant or vaccination status. For 14 substudy participants, sensitivity and specificity of day 4–6 RDT were 100% and 86%, respectively.ConclusionsThe majority of our Delta- and Omicron-infected cohort culture-converted by day 6, with no further impact of booster vaccination on sterilization or cycle threshold decay. We found that rapid antigen testing may provide reassurance of lack of infectiousness, though guidance to mask for days 6–10 is supported by our finding that 17% of participants remained culture-positive after isolation.
Characterization of Virologic Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Boucau Julie , Uddin Rockib , Marino Caitlin , Regan James , Flynn James P , Choudhary Manish C , Chen Geoffrey , Stuckwisch Ashley M , Mathews Josh , Liew May Y , Singh Arshdeep , Reynolds Zahra , Iyer Surabhi L , Chamberlin Grace C , Vyas Tammy D , Vyas Jatin M , Turbett Sarah E , Li Jonathan Z , Lemieux Jacob E , Barczak Amy K , Siedner Mark J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We enrolled 7 individuals with recurrent symptoms or antigen test conversion following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment. High viral loads (median 6.1 log10 copies/mL) were detected after rebound for a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were identified.
Centralizing neurofibromatosis experimental tool knowledge with the NF Research Tools Database
Authors: Clayton Ashley , DeFelice Mialy , Zalmanek Brynn , Hodgson Jay , Morin Caroline , Simon Stockard , Bletz Julie A , Eddy James A , Nikolov Milen , Banerjee Jineta , Vinnakota Kalyan , Marasca Marco , Boske Kevin J , Hoff Bruce , Bradic Ljubomir , Kim YooRi , Goss James R , Allaway Robert J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Experimental tools and resources, such as animal models, cell lines, antibodies, genetic reagents and biobanks, are key ingredients in biomedical research. Investigators face multiple challenges when trying to understand the availability, applicability and accessibility of these tools. A major challenge is keeping up with current information about the numerous tools available for a particular research problem. A variety of disease-agnostic projects such as the Mouse Genome Informatics database and the Resource Identification Initiative curate a number of types of research tools. Here, we describe our efforts to build upon these resources to develop a disease-specific research tool resource for the neurofibromatosis (NF) research community. This resource, the NF Research Tools Database, is an open-access database that enables the exploration and discovery of information about NF type 1-relevant animal models, cell lines, antibodies, genetic reagents and biobanks. Users can search and explore tools, obtain detailed information about each tool as well as read and contribute their observations about the performance, reliability and characteristics of tools in the database. NF researchers will be able to use the NF Research Tools Database to promote, discover, share, reuse and characterize research tools, with the goal of advancing NF research.
Database URL: https://tools.nf.synapse.org/.
Interventions on the social dimension of people with chronic heart failure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Olano-Lizarraga Maddi , Wallström Sara , Martín-Martín Jesús , Wolf Axel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe symptom burden of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), together with social determinants and psychosocial factors, results in limitations to maintain adequate social life and roles, participate in social events and maintain relationships. This situation's impact on health outcomes makes it of utmost importance to develop meaningful social networks for these patients. The primary objective aimed to identify randomized controlled trials that impact the social dimension of people with CHF. The secondary objectives were to analyze the methodological quality of these interventions, establish their components, and synthesize their results.Methods and resultsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsychINFO, and CINAHL databases between 2010 and February 2022. The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Eight randomized controlled trials were identified, among which two were at ‘high risk of bias.’ Interventions were synthesized according to the following categories: delivery format, providers and recipients, and the intervention content domains. Half of the studies showed statistical superiority in improving the intervention group's social support in people with CHF.ConclusionThis review has highlighted the scarcity of interventions targeting the social dimension of people with CHF. Interventions have been heterogeneous, which limits the statistical combination of studies. Based on narrative review and vote counting, such interventions could potentially improve social support and self-care, which are important patient reported outcomes, thus warrant further research. Future studies should be co-created with patients and families to be adequately targeted.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021256199
Genomics analysis ofDrosophila sechelliaresponse toMorinda citrifoliafruit diet
Authors: Drum Zachary , Lanno Stephen , Gregory Sara M , Shimshak Serena , Barr Will , Gatesman Austin , Schadt Mark , Sanford Jack , Arkin Aaron , Assignon Brynn , Colorado Sofia , Dalgarno Carol , Devanny Trevor , Ghandour Tara , Griffin Rose , Hogan Mia , Horowitz Erica , McGhie Emily , Multer Jake , O'Halloran Hannah , Ofori-Darko Kofi , Pokushalov Dmitry , Richards Nick , Sagarin Kathleen , Taylor Nicholas , Thielking Acadia , Towle Phie , Coolon Joseph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrosophila sechellia is an island endemic host specialist that has evolved to consume the toxic fruit of Morinda citrifolia, also known as noni fruit. Recent studies by our group and others have examined genome-wide gene expression responses of fruit flies to individual highly abundant compounds found in noni responsible for the fruit’s unique chemistry and toxicity. In order to relate these reductionist experiments to the gene expression responses to feeding on noni fruit itself, we fed rotten noni fruit to adult female D. sechellia and performed RNA-sequencing. Combining the reductionist and more wholistic approaches, we have identified candidate genes that may contribute to each individual compound and those that play a more general role in response to the fruit as a whole. Using the compound specific and general responses, we used transcription factor prediction analyses to identify the regulatory networks and specific regulators involved in the responses to each compound and the fruit itself. The identified genes and regulators represent the possible genetic mechanisms and biochemical pathways that contribute to toxin resistance and noni specialization in D. sechellia.
Gene Transfer Agents in Bacterial Endosymbionts of Microbial Eukaryotes
Authors: George Emma E , Tashyreva Daria , Kwong Waldan K , Okamoto Noriko , Horák Aleš , Husnik Filip , Lukeš Julius , Keeling Patrick J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are virus-like structures that package and transfer prokaryotic DNA from donor to recipient prokaryotic cells. Here, we describe widespread GTA gene clusters in the highly reduced genomes of bacterial endosymbionts from microbial eukaryotes (protists). Homologs of the GTA capsid and portal complexes were initially found to be present in several highly reduced alphaproteobacterial endosymbionts of diplonemid protists (Rickettsiales and Rhodospirillales). Evidence of GTA expression was found in polyA-enriched metatranscriptomes of the diplonemid hosts and their endosymbionts, but due to biases in the polyA-enrichment methods, levels of GTA expression could not be determined. Examining the genomes of closely related bacteria revealed that the pattern of retained GTA head/capsid complexes with missing tail components was common across Rickettsiales and Holosporaceae (Rhodospirillales), all obligate symbionts with a wide variety of eukaryotic hosts. A dN/dS analysis of Rickettsiales and Holosporaceae symbionts revealed that purifying selection is likely the main driver of GTA evolution in symbionts, suggesting they remain functional, but the ecological function of GTAs in bacterial symbionts is unknown. In particular, it is unclear how increasing horizontal gene transfer in small, largely clonal endosymbiont populations can explain GTA retention, and, therefore, the structures may have been repurposed in endosymbionts for host interactions. Either way, their widespread retention and conservation in endosymbionts of diverse eukaryotes suggests an important role in symbiosis.
The Use and Abuse of Anti-Suit Injunctions in SEP Litigation: Is There a Way Forward?
Authors: Geradin Damien , Katsifis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cross-border litigation over standard essential patents (SEPs) entered a new phase when the English courts decided in Unwired Planet v Huawei that they have the power to set the terms of a global license within the context of national patent infringement proceedings. Unwired Planet appears to have unleashed a global race to the bottom and a race to the courthouse, with litigants racing to seize their preferred forum to set global rates while trying to prevent their opponents from bringing proceedings elsewhere through ‘anti-suit injunctions’, a type of relief traditionally granted by common law jurisdictions but now increasingly by civil law jurisdictions such as China. Yet this is rarely the end of the matter, with litigants applying for anti-anti-suit injunctions or even anti-anti-anti-suit injunctions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the new realities in SEP litigation post-Unwired Planet, with a focus on the use of anti-suit injunctions and the corresponding turf war between national courts. After discussing the legal test for granting such relief in various legal systems, the paper discusses the worrying proliferation of anti-suit injunctions across major jurisdictions, noting how this trend wastes judicial resources and may undermine international comity. It considers that in the absence of some form of international coordination, a satisfactory solution is unlikely to emerge in the short term. As a first step, it proposes that governments consider establishing ‘best practices’ for SEP licensing dispute resolution, including for jurisdictional issues such as the scope of licenses fashioned by national courts.
Age-related fertility decline: is there a role for elective ovarian tissue cryopreservation?
Authors: Kasaven Lorraine S , Saso Srdjan , Getreu Natalie , O’Neill Helen , Bracewell-Milnes Timothy , Shakir Fevzi , Yazbek Joseph , Thum Meen-Yau , Nicopoullos James , Ben Nagi Jara , Hardiman Paul , Diaz-Garcia Cesar , Jones Benjamin P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Age-related fertility decline (ARFD) is a prevalent concern amongst western cultures due to the increasing age of first-time motherhood. Elective oocyte and embryo cryopreservation remain the most established methods of fertility preservation, providing women the opportunity of reproductive autonomy to preserve their fertility and extend their childbearing years to prevent involuntary childlessness. Whilst ovarian cortex cryopreservation has been used to preserve reproductive potential in women for medical reasons, such as in pre- or peripubertal girls undergoing gonadotoxic chemotherapy, it has not yet been considered in the context of ARFD. As artificial reproductive technology (ART) and surgical methods of fertility preservation continue to evolve, it is a judicious time to review current evidence and consider alternative options for women wishing to delay their fertility. This article critically appraises elective oocyte cryopreservation as an option for women who use it to mitigate the risk of ARFD and introduces the prospect of elective ovarian cortex cryopreservation as an alternative.
Duration of Gram-negative antibiotic therapy in patients with pneumonia prior to and after the implementation of MRSA nasal swabs, an antimicrobial stewardship tool
Authors: Troyer Bradley S , Shigle Amanda Jo , Kovacic Scherrer Nicole 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The implementation of MRSA PCR nasal swabs has been shown to decrease the use of anti-MRSA therapies through faster antibiotic de-escalation in patients with pneumonia. While this benefit has been shown exclusively in Gram-positive therapy, swab results may lead to additional antibiotic de-escalation discussions early on, potentially providing reduced durations or de-escalations of Gram-negative therapy as well.

Objectives
To determine if early de-escalation discussions prompted by MRSA swab results lead to shorter durations of Gram-negative antibiotic therapy.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare pneumonia duration of Gram-negative therapy pre- and post-implementation of MRSA nasal swabs. Time to de-escalation, time to conversion to enteral therapy and cost were also compared between the groups.

Results
Data were collected for 240 patients overall, 120 in each group. The median duration of Gram-negative therapy was 154.0 h in the post-implementation group and 176.4 h in the pre-implementation group (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in time to de-escalation (52.7 versus 54.9 h; P = 0.351) or time to transition from IV to enteral therapy (53.0 versus 57.3 h; P = 0.289). The median cost of Gram-negative regimens per patient was less expensive in the post-implementation group ($31.36 versus $45.90; P = 0.002).

Conclusions
MRSA nasal swabs as an antimicrobial stewardship tool were associated with a reduced overall duration of Gram-negative therapy and Gram-negative antibiotic regimen cost. This introduces an additional benefit of MRSA nasal swabs and further incentivizes their use as an antimicrobial stewardship tool.
A Novel Ratio Probe Based on Mixing of Thiocyanuric Acid- Enhanced Silver Nanoclusters with N, S Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Detecting Sodium 2,3-Dimercapto Propanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Long Fei , Zhu Qi , Li Yingping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The ratio fluorescent probe (RF-probe) has the characteristics of self-calibration and eliminating the influence of experimental factors (such as probe concentration, excitation intensity stability, and solution environment) in quantitative assays based on the linear relationship between the intensity ratio of two emission peaks and the concentration of analyte, especially in a complex biological matrix.

Objective
High-luminescent Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) were prepared at room temperature due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) through the incorporation of trithiocyanuric acid (TA). Subsequently, a new RF-probe based on mixing of AgNCs-TA with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, S-CQDs) was prepared for sensitively and selectively assaying sodium 2, 3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS).

Methods
The fluorescence of N, S-CQDs was quenched in the presence of the AgNCs-TA mainly deriving from the inner filter effect (IFE), and its fluorescence intensities at 440 and 650 nm could recover and drop upon the addition of DMPS (λex = 370 nm).

Results
The RF-probe enables DMPS to be detected by fluorometry with a linear response in the 0.67–30.0 μmol/L concentration range and a 54.7 nmol/L detection limit (at 3σ/slope). At the same time, we also used the labeled recovery method to confirm the reliability of the method. The recoveries were 97.93–106.33%, and the corresponding standard deviations (RSD) were less than 1.87%.

Conclusion
The N, S-CQDs/AgNCs-TA RF-probe can also semi-quantitatively monitor DMPS by naked eyes.

Highlights
The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement of the AgNCs by TA also were investigated by the N, S-CQDs/AgNCs-TA-DMPS system. What’s more, the RF-probe of N, S-CQDs/AgNCs-TA was successfully utilized to monitor DMPS in real samples.