bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning and practicing more value-reflective, problem-setting health technology assessment: experiences and lessons from the VALIDATE project
Authors: Grin John , Bloemen Bart , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Hofmann Bjørn , Oortwijn Wija , Refolo Pietro , Sacchini Dario , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Sandman Lars , van der Wilt Gert Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To conduct a formative evaluation of applying the VALIDATE approach in practice by (i) assessing how students appreciated the e-learning course, (ii) exploring how, for what purposes and with what outcomes the acquired VALIDATE competences subsequently were used in internships in different institutional contexts, and how this was shaped by these contexts, and (iii) what this shows on real-world use of VALIDATE.

Methods
Comparative discussion of experiences of applying the VALIDATE approach via a semistructured survey and oral feedback from e-course students; final reports on internships in health technology assessment (HTA) practice, followed by semistructured interviews with interns and supervisors to complement and interpret results.

Results
All students considered the VALIDATE approach an enlightening and important addition to current HTA knowledge, especially regarding understanding the relation between empirical analysis and normative inquiry, identifying policy relevant questions and using the method of reconstructing interpretive frames for scoping. The latter appeared intellectually challenging and requiring some prior HTA knowledge. The use the VALIDATE approach in practice shows that interns productively redefined the HTA problem, based on appreciation of different stakeholders’ definition of the issue; they experienced constraints from retrieving all relevant perspectives from existing literature as well as from institutional rules and routines.

Conclusions
Some challenges in applying the VALIDATE approach deserve attention for its future use: currently used research approaches often assume a problem as “given”; and the data needed on different perspectives is often not reported in scientific literature. Finally, data gathering on and evaluation of value dimensions was experienced as challenging.
A ten-year assessment of the epidemiological features and fatal risk factors of hospitalised severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Eastern China
Authors: Zu Zhipeng , Hu Yafei , Zheng Xiang , Chen Cairong , Zhao Yishuang , Jin Yan , Lin Haijiang , He Na 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus has caused a large number of human infections since discovered in 2009. This study elucidated epidemiological features and fatal risk factors of SFTS cases accumulated up to ten years in Taizhou, a coastal prefecture of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. A total of 188 hospitalised SFTS cases (including 40 deaths) reported to Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during 2011–2020 were enrolled in the study. In the past decade, the annual incidence of SFTS increased over the years (P < 0.001) along with an expanding epidemic area, and the case fatality of hospitalised cases has remained high (21.3%). Although most cases occurred in hilly areas, a coastal island had the highest incidence and case fatality. The majority of cases were over the age of 60 years (72.3%), and both incidence and case fatality of SFTS increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 7.47, 95% CI 1.32–42.33; P = 0.023), and haemorrhagic manifestations including petechiae (OR 7.76, 95% CI 1.17–51.50; P = 0.034), gingival haemorrhage (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.25–23.15; P = 0.024) and melena (OR 5.75, 95% CI 1.18–28.07; P = 0.031) were significantly associated with the death of SFTS cases. Five family clusters identified were farmers, among four of which the index patients were female with a history of hypertension. Based on the study, age is a critical risk factor for incidence and case fatality of SFTS. With an increased annual incidence over the last ten years, SFTS remains a public health threat that should not be ignored. Further study is needed to look at the natural foci in the coastal islands.
Branching-time logics and fairness, revisited
Authors: Latte Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmerson and Halpern (1986,Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery33, 151–178) prove that the Computation Tree Logic (CTL) cannot express the existence of a path on which a proposition holds infinitely often (fairness for short).The scope is widened fromCTLto a general branching-time logic. A path quantifier is followed by a language with temporal descriptions. In this extended setting, the said inexpressiveness is strengthened in two aspects. First, universal path quantifiers are unrestricted. In this way, they are relieved of any temporal quantifiers such as of those in$\mathtt{AU}$and$\mathtt{AR}$fromCTL. Second, existential path quantifiers are allowed with any countable language. Instances are the temporal quantifiers in$\mathtt{EU}$and$\mathtt{ER}$fromCTL. By contrast, the fairness statement is an existential path quantifier with an uncountable language. Both aspects indicate that this inexpressiveness is optimal with respect to the polarity of path quantifiers and to the cardinality of their languages.
Echocardiographic changes and impact on clinical management in pregnant women with heart disease
Authors: Patel Karishma , McGrath Lidija , Roldan Paola , Taunton Marshall , Brookfield Kathleen , Paré Emmanuelle , Khan Abigail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:While guidelines recommend echocardiography for pregnant women with heart disease, there are limited data on its effect on clinical practice. In this study, we investigated pregnancy-associated echocardiographic changes and their impact on management.Methods:This was a retrospective study of pregnant women with heart disease followed at an academic medical centre from 2016 to 2020. Data on maternal intrapartum and postpartum echocardiograms were collected and the impact on management analysed.Results:421 echocardiograms in 232 pregnancies were included in the study. The most common cardiac diagnosis was CHD (60.8% of pregnancies), followed by cardiomyopathy (9.9%). The frequency of baseline echocardiographic abnormalities varied by diagnosis, with abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure being the most common (15.0% of pregnancies in CHD and 23.1% of pregnancies with cardiomyopathy). 39.2% of the 189 follow-up echocardiograms had a significant change from the prior study, with the most common changes being declines in right ventricular function (4.2%) or left ventricular function (3.7%), and increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (5.3%) and aortic size (21.2%). 17.8% of echocardiograms resulted in a clinical management change, with the most common change being shorter interval follow-up.Conclusions:Echocardiographic changes in pregnant women with heart disease are common, in particular increases in aortic size. Echocardiography results in changes in management in a small but significant proportion of patients. Further studies are needed to determine how other factors, including patient access and resource allocation, factor into the use of echocardiography during pregnancy.
Transformative climate policy mainstreaming – engaging the political and the personal
Authors: Wamsler Christine , Osberg Gustav 
Published: June 2022

Non-technical summary
Mainstreaming climate objectives into sectoral work and policies is widely advocated as the way forward for sustainable public–private action. However, current knowledge on effective climate mainstreaming has rarely translated into policy outcomes and radical, transformational change. This ‘implementation gap’ relates to the limitations of current approaches, which do not adequately address so-called ‘internal’ or ‘personal’ spheres of transformation. Here, we address this gap and provide an integrative climate mainstreaming framework for improving and guiding future sustainability research, education, policy and practice.

Technical summary
Current knowledge on what makes climate mainstreaming effective has, so far, seldom translated into policy outcomes and radical, transformational change. This ‘implementation gap’ is related to the limitations of current approaches. The latter tend to focus on isolated, highly tangible, but essentially weak leverage points that do not adequately link practical and political solutions with ‘internal’ or ‘personal’ spheres of transformation. This link involves an internal (mindset/consciousness) shift leading to long-lasting changes in the way that we experience and relate to our self, others, the world and future generations. It requires unleashing people's internal potential and capacity to care, commit to, and effect change for a more sustainable life across individual, collective, organisational and system levels. To address this gap, we analyse how such internal dimensions can be integrated into climate mainstreaming, to move beyond its current, partial focus on external and technological solutions. Through a robust investigation of how to scale up climate mainstreaming in a more transformative manner, we explore how mainstreaming and conscious full-spectrum theories can be related to fundamentally advance the field and improve current approaches. The resulting integrative framework breaks new ground by linking the mainstreaming of climate considerations and internal dimensions across all spheres of transformation. We conclude with some policy recommendations and future research needs.

Social media summary
Linking climate policy integration/mainstreaming and personal development: an integrative framework.
Benthic Organic Matter Transformation Drives pH and Carbonate Chemistry in Arctic Marine Sediments
Authors: Freitas F. S. , Arndt S. , Hendry K. R. , Faust J. C. , Tessin A. C. , März C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbonate chemistry of the Arctic Ocean seafloor and its vulnerability to ocean acidification remains poorly explored. This limits our ability to quantify how biogeochemical processes and bottom water conditions shape sedimentary carbonate chemistry, and to predict how climate change may affect such biogeochemical processes at the Arctic Ocean seafloor. Here, we employ an integrated data‐model assessment that explicitly resolves benthic pH and carbonate chemistry along a South—North transect in the Barents Sea. We identify the main drivers of observed carbonate dynamics and estimate benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity to the Arctic Ocean. We explore how bottom water conditions and in‐situ organic matter degradation shape these processes and show that organic matter transformation strongly impacts pH and carbonate saturation (Ω) variations. Aerobic organic matter degradation drives a negative pH shift (pH < 7.6) in the upper 2–5 cm, producing Ω < 1. This causes shallow carbonate dissolution, buffering porewater pH to around 8.0. Organic matter degradation via metal oxide (Mn/Fe) reduction pathways further increases pH and carbonate saturation state. At the northern stations, where Ω > 5 at around 10–25 cm, model simulations result in authigenic carbonate precipitation. Furthermore, benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (12.5–59.5 μmol cm−2 yr−1) and alkalinity (11.3–63.2 μmol cm−2 yr−1) are 2–3‐fold greater in the northern sites due to greater carbonate dissolution. Our assessment is of significant relevance to predict how changes in the Arctic Ocean may shift carbon burial and pH buffering into the next century.
Hydraulic Jump on a Partially Vegetated Bed
Authors: Bai Ruidi , Ning Rongfu , Liu Shanjun , Wang Hang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydraulic jump may form when a supercritical flow runs over a vegetated bottom and change the downstream flow hydraulics and fluid properties after air‐water mixing and energy dissipation at the flow transition. Unlike the abundant literature on hydraulic jump characteristics on engineered or natural sediment rough beds, few studies of vegetation roughness effects have been reported. New experiments were conducted by creating hydraulic jumps with identical inflow Froude numbers on a smooth bed, fully and partly grated rough beds, and partially vegetated grate‐rough beds covered with artificial plants of different densities. The free‐surface dynamics and air‐water flow properties were investigated with primary focus on the interaction between the flow and flexible vegetation barrier/roughness, in addition to the effects of Froude number and inflow roughness conditions. The characteristic jump and jump roller lengths were found shortened as the jump roller was deflected over the vegetation layer. The flow structure modification was observed with a steepening of the roller free‐surface profile and enhanced surface wave propagation, especially when the flow experienced an invert roughness discontinuity at the toe. An increasing bubble detection frequency was obtained in nonvegetated channels when the bed was roughened, but additional vegetation on the rough invert caused reduction in the bubble frequency and cross‐sectional mean air concentration by inducing roller deflection and air bubble detrainment. The results indicated that the effects of perturbing artificial flexible vegetation with relatively large plant height could be different from uniformly distributed rigid bed roughness elements and complicated by the time‐varying flow‐vegetation interaction.
ANKFN1 plays both protumorigenic and metastatic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Yue , Mi Jiaqi , Jiang Chenchen , Wang Qiang , Li Xinwei , Zhao Menglin , Geng Zhijun , Song Xue , Li Jing , Zuo Lugen , Ge Sitang , Zhang Zining , Wen Hexin , Wang Zishu , Su Fang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnkyrin repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (ANKFN1) is reported to be involved in human height and developmental abnormalities, but the expression profile and molecular function of ANKFN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance and biological function of ANKFN1 in HCC and investigate whether ANKFN1 can be used for differential diagnosis in HCC. Here, we showed that ANKFN1 was upregulated in 126 tumor tissues compared with adjacent nontumorous tissues in HCC patients. The upregulation of ANKFN1 in HCC was associated with cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and poor prognosis. Moreover, silencing ANKFN1 expression suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. However, ANKFN1 overexpression promoted HCC proliferation and metastasis in an orthotopic liver transplantation model and attenuated the above biological effects in HCC cells. ANKFN1 significantly affected HCC cell proliferation by inducing G1/S transition and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ANKFN1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via activation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4/Cdk6 pathway by stimulating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Moreover, ANKFN1-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were partially reversed by ERK1/2 inhibitors. Taken together, our results indicate that ANKFN1 promotes HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our work also suggests that ANKFN1 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Anisotropy with respect to the applied magnetic field of spin qubit decoherence times
Authors: Choi Yujun , Joynt Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectron spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation. Environmental noise impedes coherent operations by limiting the qubit relaxation (T1) and dephasing (Tϕ) times. There are multiple sources of such noise, which makes it important to devise experimental techniques that can detect the spatial locations of these sources and determine the type of source. In this paper, we propose that anisotropy in T1 and Tϕ with respect to the direction of the applied magnetic field can reveal much about these aspects of the noise. We investigate the anisotropy patterns of charge noise, evanescent-wave Johnson noise, and hyperfine noise in hypothetical devices. It is necessary to have a rather well-characterized sample to get the maximum benefit from this technique. The general anisotropy patterns are elucidated. We calculate the expected anisotropy for a particular model of a Si/SiGe quantum dot device.
Quantum causal unravelling
Authors: Bai Ge , Wu Ya-Dong , Zhu Yan , Hayashi Masahito , Chiribella Giulio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComplex processes often arise from sequences of simpler interactions involving a few particles at a time. These interactions, however, may not be directly accessible to experiments. Here we develop the first efficient method for unravelling the causal structure of the interactions in a multipartite quantum process, under the assumption that the process has bounded information loss and induces causal dependencies whose strength is above a fixed (but otherwise arbitrary) threshold. Our method is based on a quantum algorithm whose complexity scales polynomially in the total number of input/output systems, in the dimension of the systems involved in each interaction, and in the inverse of the chosen threshold for the strength of the causal dependencies. Under additional assumptions, we also provide a second algorithm that has lower complexity and requires only local state preparation and local measurements. Our algorithms can be used to identify processes that can be characterized efficiently with the technique of quantum process tomography. Similarly, they can be used to identify useful communication channels in quantum networks, and to test the internal structure of uncharacterized quantum circuits.
A framework to understand the role of biological time in responses to fluctuating climate drivers
Authors: Giménez Luis , Espinosa Noé , Torres Gabriela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding biological responses to environmental fluctuations (e.g. heatwaves) is a critical goal in ecology. Biological responses (e.g. survival) are usually measured with respect to different time reference frames, i.e. at specific chronological times (e.g. at specific dates) or biological times (e.g. at reproduction). Measuring responses on the biological frame is central to understand how environmental fluctuation modifies fitness and population persistence. We use a framework, based on partial differential equations (PDEs) to explore how responses to the time scale and magnitude of fluctuations in environmental variables (= drivers) depend on the choice of reference frame. The PDEs and simulations enabled us to identify different components, responsible for the phenological and eco-physiological effects of each driver on the response. The PDEs also highlight the conditions when the choice of reference frame affects the sensitivity of the response to a driver and the type of join effect of two drivers (additive or interactive) on the response. Experiments highlighted the importance of studying how environmental fluctuations affect biological time keeping mechanisms, to develop mechanistic models. Our main result, that the effect of the environmental fluctuations on the response depends on the scale used to measure time, applies to both field and laboratory conditions. In addition, our approach, applied to experimental conditions, can helps us quantify how biological time mediates the response of organisms to environmental fluctuations.
Computational analysis of solar thermal system with Prandtl nanofluid
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Al-Ghamdi Sami G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe solar thermal system can address a large amount of heating and cooling load required by buildings and industry. To enhance the absorption efficiency in solar thermal systems, nanofluids are considered as promising heat transfer medium. The study presents a numerical study to investigate physical feature of the entropy production in hydro-magnetic reactive unsteady flow of Prandtl nanoliquid over an infinite plate. The heat expression is modeled subject to thermal radiation and magnetic field. Innovative characteristics slip mechanisms i.e., thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian motion are also accounted. Mathematical modeling of entropy production is described by employing thermodynamics law (second law). Furthermore chemical reactions takes place at surface of plate are implemented. Nonlinear system are converted to dimensionless form via suitable transformation. The resultant system is solved by numerical approach (finite difference method). Characteristics of thermal field, entropy rate, fluid flow and concentration are physical discussed through sundry parameters. The outcomes display that the maximum velocity field exists near the center of the surface, whereas the average time flow enhances the velocity distribution. An augmentation in thermal field is distinguished versus magnetic parameter, while reverse behavior holds for fluid flow. An increase in the thermal field with respect to the magnetic variable is noted, while the opposite effect is observed for the fluid flow. A larger approximation of radiation rises entropy rate and thermal field. Increasing the Brownian motion variable increases concentration, while reverse impact is observed for Schmidt number.
Both cis and trans-acting genetic factors drive somatic instability in female carriers of the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Hwang Ye Hyun , Hayward Bruce Eliot , Zafarullah Marwa , Kumar Jay , Durbin Johnson Blythe , Holmans Peter , Usdin Karen , Tassone Flora 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene contains an expansion-prone CGG repeat within its 5′ UTR. Alleles with 55–200 repeats are known as premutation (PM) alleles and confer risk for one or more of the FMR1 premutation (PM) disorders that include Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS), Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI), and Fragile X-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND). PM alleles expand on intergenerational transmission, with the children of PM mothers being at risk of inheriting alleles with > 200 CGG repeats (full mutation FM) alleles) and thus developing Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). PM alleles can be somatically unstable. This can lead to individuals being mosaic for multiple size alleles. Here, we describe a detailed evaluation of somatic mosaicism in a large cohort of female PM carriers and show that 94% display some evidence of somatic instability with the presence of a series of expanded alleles that differ from the next allele by a single repeat unit. Using two different metrics for instability that we have developed, we show that, as with intergenerational instability, there is a direct relationship between the extent of somatic expansion and the number of CGG repeats in the originally inherited allele and an inverse relationship with the number of AGG interruptions. Expansions are progressive as evidenced by a positive correlation with age and by examination of blood samples from the same individual taken at different time points. Our data also suggests the existence of other genetic or environmental factors that affect the extent of somatic expansion. Importantly, the analysis of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) suggests that two DNA repair factors, FAN1 and MSH3, may be modifiers of somatic expansion risk in the PM population as observed in other repeat expansion disorders.