bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐CD47 antibody treatment attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis models
Authors: Gwag Taesik , Ma Eric , Zhou Changcheng , Wang Shuxia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsWith the epidemic burden of obesity and metabolic diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the western world. NASH may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, no treatment is available for NASH. Therefore, finding a therapy for NAFLD/NASH is in urgent need. Previously we have demonstrated that mice lacking CD47 or its ligand thrombospondin1 (TSP1) are protected from obesity‐associated NALFD. This suggests that CD47 blockade might be a novel treatment for obesity‐associated metabolic disease. Thus, in this study, the therapeutic potential of an anti‐CD47 antibody in NAFLD progression was determined.MethodsBoth diet‐induced NASH mouse model and human NASH organoid model were utilized in this study. NASH was induced in mice by feeding with diet enriched with fat, fructose and cholesterol (AMLN diet) for 20 weeks and then treated with anti‐CD47 antibody or control IgG for 4 weeks. Body weight, body composition and liver phenotype were analysed.ResultsWe found that anti‐CD47 antibody treatment did not affect mice body weight, fat mass or liver steatosis. However, liver immune cell infiltration, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly reduced by anti‐CD47 antibody treatment. In vitro data further showed that CD47 blockade prevented hepatic stellate cell activation and NASH progression in a human NASH organoid model.ConclusionCollectively, these data suggest that anti‐CD47 antibody might be a new therapeutic option for obesity‐associated NASH and liver fibrosis.
Using Theory and Ethnography for Asylum Seekers Fleeing Gendered Violence
Authors: Stephen Lynn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on how to use ethnography and theory to disrupt binaries between “state” and “non‐state” actors and violence and “private” and “public” actors and violence. I also touch on expanded use of the political opinion basis for asylum in relation to women resisting violence and immigrant rights activists who are undocumented.
MYB43 as a novel substrate for CRL4PRL1 E3 ligases negatively regulates cadmium tolerance through transcriptional inhibition of HMAs in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zheng Pengpeng , Cao Lei , Zhang Cheng , Pan Weicheng , Wang Wei , Yu Xin , Li Yaping , Fan Tingting , Miao Min , Tang Xiaofeng , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Shuqing 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Controlled stability of proteins is a highly efficient mechanism to direct diverse processes in plants. A key regulatory system for protein stability is given by the CULLIN‐RING E3 ligases (CRLs).

In this work, MYB43 is identified as a novel target of a CUL4‐DDB1‐PRL1 (PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1)‐RING E3 ligase (CRL4PRL1 E3 ligase). Its stability depends on the presence of PRL1, a WD40‐containing protein functioning as a substrate receptor of the CRL4 E3 ligases.

Genetic studies have indicated that MYB43 is a negative regulator of cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Arabidopsis by transcriptional inhibition of important Cd transporters (HMA2, HMA3 and HMA4), while PRL1 and CUL4 positively regulate Cd tolerance. Expression of CUL4 and PRL1 was enhanced in response to Cd stress, and PRL1 can interact with and target MYB43 for degradation depending on assembly of CRL4PRL1 E3 ligase, and consequently increase the expression of HMA2, HMA3 and HMA4 through attenuating the transcriptional inhibition.

HMA2 and HMA4 are shown to transport cadmium ion (Cd2+) from the roots of plants to the shoots through the xylem, ultimately increasing the plants’ tolerance to Cd stress.
Comparisons of the Efficacy and Safety of Total Knee Arthroplasty by Different Surgical Approaches: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Jin‐long , Zeng Ling‐feng , Pan Jian‐ke , Liang Gui‐hong , Huang He‐tao , Yang Wei‐yi , Luo Ming‐hui , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this network meta‐analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) considering seven different surgical approaches. Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science) were searched for clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving TKA with different surgical approaches. STATA 14.0 was used to construct network maps and publication bias graphs and conduct inconsistency tests, network meta‐analyses, and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) calculations. A total of 51 RCTs involving 4061 patients and 4179 knees from 18 countries were included. Among the seven surgical approaches, the midvastus approach (MV) was the top choice to reduce tourniquet use time, the subvastus approach (SV) had the shortest operation time, the mini‐midvastus approach (Mini‐SV) was associated with the least amount of time to achieve straight leg raise (SLR) after surgery, the mini‐medial parapatellar approach (Mini‐MP) reduced postoperative pain effects, and the medial parapatellar approach (MP) was the best approach to improve range of motion (ROM). Excluding the quadriceps‐sparing approach (QS), which was not compared, the use of the mini‐midvastus (Mini‐MV) may shorten the hospital stay. There were no significant differences in blood loss, postoperative complications, American Knee Society Score (AKSS) objective, or AKSS functional between the seven surgical approaches (P > 0.05).
The structure of semantic norms
Authors: Kaplan Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe normativity of meaning—introduced by Kripke in 1982, and the subject of active debate since the early 1990s—has been exclusively understood in terms of duty‐imposing norms. But there are norms of another type, well‐known within the philosophy of law: authority‐conferring norms. Philosophers thinking and writing about the normativity of meaning—normativists, anti‐normativists, and even Kripke himself—seem to have failed to consider the possibility that semantic norms are authority‐conferring. I argue that semantic norms should be understood as having an authority‐conferring structure, and show how this allows normativism about meaning to escape the two most popular arguments against it.
US tropical cyclone flood risk: Storm surge versus freshwater
Authors: Tonn Gina , Czajkowski Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite persistent record‐breaking flood losses from tropical cyclones (TCs), the United States continues to be inadequately prepared for TC flood events, with the deficiency in residential flood insurance being a prime representation of this. One way to address this is through a better quantification of TC flood risk including variations associated with freshwater versus storm surge flood hazard and damage. We analyze actual residential flood claim data from the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for the full set of all 28 significant US landfalling TC‐related flood events from 2001 to 2014 which we split by storm surge and freshwater. We illustrate key differences between the numbers of claims, paid claim amounts, and damage for freshwater and surge claims, as well as evaluate differences associated with flood zone, state, TC event, and flood depth. Despite the typical focus on surge TC flooding, freshwater flooding accounts for over 60% of TC paid claim and damage amounts. Surge flooding often occurs outside of high‐velocity flood zones, which is not reflected in the NFIP premiums. Statistical analysis indicates that depth‐damage ratios vary significantly by surge versus freshwater and by geography. State‐level analysis shows that land‐use policies and building codes likely affect differences in damage along with storm characteristics and geography. The findings highlight the need to mitigate and manage both freshwater and surge TC flood risk and for more individualized flood insurance premiums less tied to flood zone. It appears that the latter need may be addressed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)’s Risk Rating 2.0.
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of polyester and polyblend suture techniques to perform equine laryngoplasty
Authors: Pressanto Maria Chiara , Pascoletti Giulia , Perkins Justin D. , Zanetti Elisabetta M. , Beccati Francesca , Santalucia Virginio , Pepe Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the use of a polyblend tape suture in equine laryngoplasty (PL).Study designExperimental study.AnimalsThirty‐two cadaveric larynges.MethodsEach larynx was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: PL with polyblend tape suture (TigerTape), without (TT) or with a cannula (TTC) in the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, and PL with polyester suture (Ethibond), without (EB) or with a cannula (EBC). Construct stiffness, total migration, creep, and drift values were measured after 3000 cycles. The specimens were then loaded to failure to assess their residual properties: load at failure, total energy, displacement, and 2 stiffness coefficients.ResultsAfter cyclic testing, the total migration and creep were lower in TTC (6.36 ± 1.20 mm; 1.35 ± 0.38 mm/s) than in EB (11.12 ± 4.20 mm; 3.39 ± 2.68 mm/s) and in the TT constructs (11.26 ± 1.49 mm; 3.20 ± 0.54 mm/s); however, no difference was found with EBC (9.19 ± 3.18 mm; 2.14 ± 0.99). A correlation was found between total migration and creep (R = .85). The TTC constructs failed at higher loads (129.51 ± 33.84 N) than EB (93.16 ± 18.21 N) and EBC (81.72 ± 13.26 N) whereas the EB and EBC constructs were less stiff than TT and TTC (P < .001).ConclusionBiomechanical properties were generally superior for the TTC constructs tested under cyclical loading. The TT and TTC constructs failed at a higher load than EB and EBC constructs. The cannula in TTC and EBC reduced the failure at the muscular process.Clinical significanceThese results provide evidence to support the in vivo evaluation of the polyblend tape suture with or without a cannula in the muscular process for laryngoplasty in horses.
Numerical Study of the Fluid Flow Around the Vertical, Deviated, and Horizontal Gas Condensate Wells From the Perspective of Fundamental Forces
Authors: Sheydaeemehr Mohammad , Sedaee Behnam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The well performance in gas condensate reservoirs (GCRs) is an essential factor addressing the condensate recovery. A vast and growing number of studies, including numerical simulations, have compared the deliverability of vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells in GCRs, because of the high economical values gained from these fields; it is worthy of further investigation from a new point of view. Here, we conduct an investigation into the well performance in different cases (vertical, deviated, and horizontal) in GCRs based on the fundamental forces that exist around the well. The most important fundamental forces affecting the fluid flow are inertial, viscous, capillary, and gravitational forces. The force ratios were expressed as some dimensionless numbers to adequately assess and compare the relative strength of fundamental forces around the well. These dimensionless numbers were calculated using simulation results and data from a real GCR which is in the Middle East for three cases of vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells. As a result, a general graphical representation was provided to indicate the relative importance of fundamental forces in different reservoir’ regions. The results of this study, as a qualitative criterion, can be used in checking or modifying the relative permeability correlations of GCRs.
Phononic Materials for Pulse Shaping in Elastic Waveguides Motivated by Shock Testing
Authors: Johnson William R. , Leamy Michael J. , DeLima Washington , Ruzzene Massimo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mechanical shock events experienced by electronic systems can be reproduced in the laboratory using Hopkinson bar tests. In such tests, a projectile strikes a rod, creating a pulse which then travels into the electronic system. The quality of these tests depends on the closeness of the shape of the incident pulse to a desired shape specified for each test. This paper introduces a new approach for controlling the shape of the incident pulse through the use of phononic material concepts, thereby improving the test procedure. Two dispersion-modifying concepts, phononic crystals and local resonators, are examined for their wave-shaping capabilities in one-dimensional elastic waveguides. They are evaluated using a transfer matrix method to determine the output pulse shape in the time domain. Parametric studies show that no single parameter allows for precise-enough control to achieve the possible desired output pulse shapes. Instead, the parameters of an approximate, discrete model for a combined phononic crystal/locally resonant system are optimized together to achieve the desired pulse shape. A sensitivity analysis documents that the pulse shape is relatively insensitive to errors in the optimized parameter values. The optimized discrete model is then translated into a physical design, which when analyzed using the finite element (FE) method shows that desired pulse shapes are indeed produced.
Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions Regarding Competitive Activities: An Examination Through Social Media
Authors: Bernstein Eve , Johnson Ingrid , Armstrong Tess , Lysniak Ulana 
Published: February 2022

This study investigated physical education Facebook social media platforms to analyze comments by in-service teachers regarding their perceptions and experiences using competitive activities during secondary physical education classes. The last 5 years’ worth of initial postings and successive comments by a member and group members were examined. The community of practice framework guided this study. Data were compared with appropriate practice in sport. Over 745 lines of data, teachers’ responses were analyzed using NVivo (version 10.0). The first theme focused on the real game and the athlete. The second theme discussed separating genders; this theme had two subthemes, including (a) skill and gender: coed is great if you have skill and (b) gender-specific activities. The third theme focused on inappropriate activities, toughening up students, and that keeping score is fun. Results indicated teachers’ shared and conflicted perceptions that involved skill and gender during competitive activities.
Fellowships and defence engagement: from clinical niches to strategic impact
Authors: Lowe Jonathon , Potter D , Warner M , Horne S 
Published: February 2022

Medical fellowships have traditionally developed the individual rather than furthering military or national strategic objectives. This paper describes a medical fellowship with the British Antarctic Survey to illustrate the benefits to the individual, to the military and to wider international defence engagement efforts.By rebranding such fellowships as Defence Healthcare Engagement and by treating international organisations on a par with partner nations, the humble fellowship can facilitate enduring, mutually beneficial healthcare engagement at low cost and with minimal additional resources.
Development of chronic kidney disease influenced by serum urate and body mass index based on young-to-middle-aged Japanese men: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Kuma Akihiro , Mafune Kosuke , Uchino Bungo , Ochiai Yoko , Enta Kazuhiko , Kato Akihiko 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and body mass index (BMI) on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in working men aged 20–60 years.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData from employees’ annual health check-ups were collected from two companies in 2009 and 2014.ParticipantsA total of 16 708 working men were recruited. We excluded participants with missing essential data (N=7801), who had basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria (N=698) or with the absence of follow-up data (N=2).Primary outcomeeGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria (≥1+) in 2014 (defined as incident CKD).ResultsThe cut-off values of SUA for incident CKD were 6.6 mg/dL in both young (20–39 years old) and middle-aged (40–60 years old) men analysed by receiver operator characteristics. ORs for incident CKD were assessed on propensity score-matched (1:1) cohorts. In young participants (N=1938), after propensity score matching, a coexistence of high-level SUA (≥6.6 mg/dL) and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) was a significant risk factor of incident CKD (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.31, p=0.025), but high-level SUA was not an independent risk factor without overweight status (p=0.174). In middle-aged participants (N=2944) after propensity score matching, high-level SUA was a significant risk factor of incident CKD both with or without overweight (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.04, p=0.037; OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.73, p=0.041, respectively).ConclusionThese findings suggest that high-level SUA is strongly associated with incident CKD in overweight young adult men.
Assessing tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy from self-report, urinary cotinine and NNAL: a validation study using the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Peacock Janet L , Palys Thomas J , Halchenko Yuliya , Sayarath Vicki , Takigawa Cindy A , Murphy Sharon E , Peterson Lisa A , Baker Emily R , Karagas Margaret R 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAccurate assessment of tobacco smoke exposure is key to evaluate its effects. We sought to validate and establish cut-offs for self-reported smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy using urinary cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(-3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in a large contemporary prospective study from the USA, with lower smoking prevalence than has previously been evaluated.DesignProspective birth cohort.SettingPregnancy clinics in New Hampshire and Vermont, USA.Participants1396 women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study with self-reported smoking, urinary cotinine, NNAL and pregnancy outcomes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCut-offs for urinary cotinine and NNAL concentrations were estimated from logistic regression models using Youden’s method to predict SHS and active smoking. Cotinine and NNAL were each used as the exposure in separate multifactorial models for pregnancy outcomes.ResultsSelf-reported maternal smoking was: 72% non-smokers, 5.7% ex-smokers, 6.4% SHS exposure, 6.2% currently smoked, 10% unreported. Cotinine and NNAL levels were low and highly intercorrelated (r=0.91). Geometric mean cotinine, NNAL were 0.99 ng/mL, 0.05 pmol/mL, respectively. Cotinine cut-offs for SHS, current smoking were 1.2 ng/mL and 1.8 ng/mL (area under curve (AUC) 95% CI: 0.52 (0.47 to 0.57), 0.90 (0.85 to 0.94)). NNAL cut-off for current smoking was 0.09 pmol/mL (AUC=0.82 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.87)). Using cotinine and NNAL cut-offs combined gave similar AUC to cotinine alone, 0.87 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.91). Cotinine and NNAL gave almost identical effect estimates when modelling pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsIn this population, we observed high concordance between self-complete questionnaire smoking data and urinary cotinine and NNAL. With respect to biomarkers, either cotinine or NNAL can be used as a measure of tobacco smoke exposure overall but only cotinine can be used to detect SHS.
How local partnerships to improve urgent and emergency care have impacted delayed transfers of care from hospitals in England: an analysis based on a synthetic control estimation method
Authors: Malisauskaite Gintare , Jones Karen , Allan Stephen , Roland Daniel , Birks Yvonne , Baxter Kate , Gridley Kate 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPatients should be discharged from hospital when they are medically fit. However, discharges are often delayed for non-medical reasons including access to social care. One aim of local health and social care partnerships to improve urgent and emergency care in England (known as urgent and emergency care (UEC) vanguards) was to improve integration of health and social care, which could lead to fewer delays. Consequently, we aimed to assess the impact of UEC vanguards on delayed discharges from hospital (delayed transfers of care (DTOC)) in England.DesignUsing a synthetic control estimation method 29 local authorities (LAs) that were UEC vanguards partners were averaged into a single ‘treated’ unit and compared with a unit created using data from LAs that were not UEC vanguards partners to estimate the impact of UEC vanguards on DTOC. Sensitivity analysis included fixed effects panel regressions and various placebo tests.Setting150 LAs in England (excluding city of London and Isles of Scilly); 29 LAs were partners in UEC vanguards between August 2015 and March 2018.Primary outcome measureQuarterly data on days of DTOC at LA level for the period 2010–2017.ResultsSynthetic control estimation showed a large difference in DTOC days between UEC vanguards partner LAs compared with those that were not, with on average 23.7% lower DTOC per quarter (491 DTOC days per quarter). Fixed effect panel regressions found DTOC rates lower by 43.1% (99% CI 13.8% to 72.4%) in UEC partner LAs after the start of the vanguards programme. We found no indication of UEC partner LAs having lower DTOC rates prior to initiation of vanguards.ConclusionsThe evidence indicates a sizeable statistically significant impact of UEC vanguards on DTOC; however, more research is required to explain the underlying reasons for this relationship.
Qualitative analysis of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response on paediatric health services in North of Scotland and North of England
Authors: Gadsby Erica W , Christie-de Jong Floor , Bhopal Sunil , Corlett Heather , Turner Stephen 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo capture the extent and impact of changes in the delivery of child health services in the UK, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response, from the perspectives of a range of child healthcare providers.SettingNational Health Service commissioned/delivered healthcare services in two regional settings in the UK: North of Scotland (NOS) and North East and North Cumbria (NENC) in England.ParticipantsPurposive sample of 39 child healthcare professionals including paediatricians, community/specialist nurses, allied health professionals and mental health professionals, from across the two regions (22 in NOS, 17 in NENC).MethodsSemistructured qualitative interviews conducted via telephone between June and October 2020, fully transcribed and analysed in NVivo V.11 using thematic analysis.ResultsExtensive changes across a range of paediatric services were rapidly implemented to support the pandemic response and ongoing healthcare delivery. New ways of working emerged, principally to control the spread of the virus. Keeping users and their families out of hospital was an urgent driver for change. The changes had considerable impact on the health and well-being of staff with many experiencing radical changes to their working conditions and roles. However, there were some positive changes noted: some practitioners felt empowered and listened to by decision makers; some of the usual bureaucratic barriers to change were lifted; staff saw improved collaboration and joint working across the system; and some new ways of working were seen to be more efficient. Interviewees perceived the implications for children and their families to be profound, particularly with regard to self-care, relationships with practitioners and timely access to services.ConclusionsDespite the challenges experienced by staff, the pandemic provided an opportunity for positive, lasting change. It is vital to capitalise on this opportunity to benefit patient outcomes and to ‘build back’ services in a more sustainable way.