bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links between Climate Sensitivity and the Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation in a Simple General Circulation Model
Authors: Davis Luke L. B. , Thompson David W. J. , Birner Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thermodynamical and dynamical aspects of the climate system response to anthropogenic forcing are often considered in two distinct frameworks: the former in the context of the forcing–feedback framework, and the latter in the context of eddy–mean flow feedbacks and large-scale thermodynamic constraints. Here we use experiments with the dynamical core of a general circulation model (GCM) to provide insights into the relationships between these two frameworks. We first demonstrate that the climate feedbacks and climate sensitivity in a dynamical core model are determined by its prescribed thermal relaxation time scales. We then perform two experiments: one that explores the relationships between the thermal relaxation time scale and the climatological circulation, and a second that explores the relationships between the thermal relaxation time scale and the circulation response to a global warming–like forcing perturbation. The results indicate that shorter relaxation time scales (i.e., lower climate sensitivities in the context of a dynamical core model) are associated with 1) a more vigorous large-scale circulation, including increased thermal diffusivity and stronger and more poleward storm tracks and eddy-driven jets, and 2) a weaker poleward displacement of the storm tracks and eddy-driven jets in response to the global warming–like forcing perturbation. Interestingly, the circulation response to the forcing perturbation effectively disappears when the thermal relaxation time scales are spatially uniform, suggesting that the circulation response to homogeneous forcing requires spatial inhomogeneities in the local feedback parameter. Implications for anticipating the circulation response to global warming and thermodynamic constraints on the circulation are discussed.
Atmospheric Blocking Trends and Seasonality around the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Marín Julio C. , Bozkurt Deniz , Barrett Bradford S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We analyze the seasonal evolution and trends of atmospheric blocking from 1979 to 2018 using a geopotential-height-based method over two domains, one located to the west (150°–90°W, 50°–70°S) and the other over and to the east (90°–30°W, 50°–70°S) of the Antarctic Peninsula. Spatial patterns of geopotential heights on days with blocking feature well-defined ridge axes over and west of much of South America, and days with the most extreme blocking (above the 99th percentile) showed upper-tropospheric ridge and cutoff low features that have been associated with extreme weather patterns. Blocking days were found to be more frequent in the first half of the period (1979–98) than the second (1999–2018) in all seasons in the west domain, whereas they seem to be more common over the eastern (peninsula) domain in 1999–2018 for austral winter, spring, and autumn, although these differences were not statistically significant. West of the Antarctic Peninsula, blocking days occur most frequently when the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) is negative, whereas they are more frequent over the peninsula when the AAO is positive. We propose that our blocking index can be used to indicate atmospheric blocking affecting the Antarctic Peninsula, similar to how the Greenland blocking index has been used to diagnose blocking, its trends, and impacts over the Arctic.
Large-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Forcing Contributed to the 2013–17 Record-Breaking Meteorological Drought in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Ham Yoo-Geun , Kang Seon-Yu , Jeong Yerim , Jeong Jee-Hoon , Li Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined the contribution of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) to the record-breaking 2013–17 drought in the Korean Peninsula. The meteorological drought signal, measured by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), in 2013 and 2016 co-occurred with a heat wave. The positive phase of the PDO during the mid-2010s was responsible for the precipitation deficit, particularly in 2014, 2015, and 2017, resulting in 5 years of meteorological drought. The enhanced atmospheric heating anomalies over the subtropical central Pacific, induced by the in situ PDO-related sea surface temperature (SST) warming, led to a low-atmospheric cyclonic flow centered over the midlatitude Pacific. The northerly wind anomalies at the western edge of this low-level cyclonic flow were responsible for the horizontal negative advection of moist energy, which contributed to the decreased precipitation and the resultant negative SPI over the Korean Peninsula in 2014, 2015, and 2017. The large-ensemble simulation supported the observational findings that the composited SST anomalies during the 5 years of persistent drought exhibited prominent and persistent SST warming over the subtropical central Pacific, along with large-scale cyclonic flow over the North Pacific. The findings of this study imply that the SST anomalies over the North Pacific and subtropical central Pacific can be a predictable source to potentially increase the ability to forecast multiyear droughts over the Korean Peninsula.
Upper-Ocean Temperature Variability in the Gulf of Mexico with Implications for Hurricane Intensity
Authors: Potter Henry , Rudzin Johna E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrong winds in tropical cyclones (TCs) mix the ocean, causing cooler water from below the thermocline to be drawn upward, reducing sea surface temperature (SST). This decreases the air–sea temperature difference, limits available heat energy, and impacts TC intensity. Part of TC forecast accuracy therefore depends upon the ability to predict sea surface cooling; however, it is not well understood how underlying ocean conditions contribute to this cooling. Here, ~4400 Argo profiles in the Gulf of Mexico were used in a principal component analysis to identify the modes of variability in upper-ocean temperature, and a 1D mixed layer model was used to determine how the modes respond to surface forcing. It was found that the first two modes explain 75% of the variance in the data, with high mode-1 scores being broadly characterized as having warm SST and deep mixed layer and mode-2 scores being characterized as having high SST and a shallow mixed layer. Both modes have distinct seasonal and spatial variability. When subjected to the same model forcing, mode-1- and mode-2-characteristic waters with equal tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) respond very differently. Mode-2 SST cools faster than mode 1, with the difference being most pronounced at lower wind speeds and when comparing early-season storms with late-season storms. The results show that using TCHP as a marker for SST response during TC forcing is insufficient because it does not fully capture subsurface ocean thermal structure. This result underscores the need for continual subsurface monitoring so as to accurately initialize the upper ocean in coupled TC models.
Extensive corpus callosum ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting on extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Colò Francesca , Cammertoni Federico , Nesta Marialisa , Caliandro Pietro , Bruno Piergiorgio , Massetti Massimo , Broccolini Aldobrando 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Heart surgery can be associated with adverse ischemic brain events. Case report Here, we describe two patients who presented extensive infarction of the corpus callosum and of other brain watershed areas following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Discussion Infarction of the corpus callosum is an extremely rare condition due to its abundant blood supply. Our findings are noteworthy since they diverge from classical brain watershed infarcts and from other cases of corpus callosum involvement. This suggests that in some cases, CABG surgery on ECC may be associated to a profound impairment of intracerebral circulation. However, it is also possible that the corpus callosum is particularly vulnerable to yet unknown metabolic modifications connected to ECC. Conclusions Further studies are needed in order to investigate the complex response of brain circulation and metabolism during heart surgery with ECC.
Effect of fillers on compression loading performance of modified re-entrant honeycomb auxetic sandwich structures
Authors: Haque Faisal Nadimul , Scott Lindsay , Booth Findlay , Duncan Scott , McLeod Abbi , Ghazi Droubi Mohamad , Njuguna James 
Published: March 2022

The auxetic sandwich panels for structures have been designed to provide impact protection. The aim of this work is to modify an auxetic (re-entrant) honeycomb cell to reduce the stress concentrations within the cell structure, and further enhancement of this design. The auxetic structure was filled to achieve a greater energy absorbance and enhance safety applications. Analytical and elastic three-dimensional finite element approaches were used to investigate the structural strength performance. The basic model (i.e. modified re-entrant strut cell design) consisted of the honeycomb auxetic polypropylene (PP) structure sandwiched between two steel plates (known as safety panels) which were placed under static compression loading. The cell geometry and size were then modified to reduce the stress concentration zones. The structure cells were filled with silly putty and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam. The effect of the filling the cells on the stress concentration and energy absorbance were analysed using elastic stress and deformation analysis methods. During the stress path analysis, it was found that an increase in Young’s modulus of the filling was directly proportional to a decrease in internal stresses. It was concluded that while filling the basic model with soft materials reduced the stress concentration, but it led to a reduction in the energy absorbance capability. Further on, the lower stress produced by the enhanced could be useful to prevent significant penetration of the protective panel. Compared to similar structures of steel, auxetic foam panels have the advantage of having only a fraction of the weight and being corrosion resistant at the same time as keeping impact strength. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text]
Should asymptomatic bacteriuria be treated in lupus nephritis?
Authors: López-Vargas Juan R , Barbosa-Cobos Rosa E , Maya-Piña Lucia V , Rocha-Rocha Valeria M 
Published: March 2022

Introduction The risk of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with factors related to disease activity and immunosuppressive treatment. Recently, the persistence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been proposed as an environmental trigger for SLE and its flares, raising the question whether it should be treated systematically to reduce the risk of infection. To our knowledge, there is limited evidence on the screening and treatment of ASB in SLE. Objective The objective is to analyze the occurrence of infection and flare in patients with lupus nephritis with and without ASB. Methods A cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with lupus nephritis during induction therapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide regimen was carried out between January 2018 and 2020, with a total of 37 patients investigated. Urine and blood samples from the two groups (with ASB and without ASB) where taken before the administration of cyclophosphamide. Results From the sampled 37 patients, 19 (51.4%) had ASB and 18 (48.6%) without ASB; both groups were well balanced in their demographics and clinical characteristics. No statistically significant association was found between the presence of ASB and the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score ( p = 0.604), and neither with the 24-h urine protein and leukocyte count ( p > 0.177). Urinary tract infection occurred in 5.3% (1) of the patients with ASB, while 5.6% (1) of the patients in the group without ASB presented the infection, and the RR was 0.944 (0.06, 16.33) 95% CI; in addition, no statistically significant association was found between the presence of ASB and the occurrence of infection ( p = 1,000). Conclusion Our study did not find a statistically significant association of ASB with the occurrence of infection or disease activity. Further studies need it to clarify this, since treatment of ASB has been recognized as an important contributor to inappropriate antimicrobial use, which promotes emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Accidentally diagnosed ocular abnormalities identified during close screening for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Ozturk Taylan , Durmaz Engin Ceren , Karatas Yigitaslan Ezgi , Yaman Aylin , Berk Tulin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To report the variety of ocular findings which have been identified serendipitously during the screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary referral center during seven-year period. Methods The charts of 1568 preterm infants who screened for ROP were reviewed retrospectively. Any ocular lesion except for ROP were noted. All infants had undergone routine ocular examination of the external eye, pupillary light reflex, anterior and posterior segment. Wide-angle digital retinal image acquisition system for any vitreoretinal pathology requiring a close follow-up had been utilized. Results Abnormal ocular findings other than ROP were diagnosed in 296 infants (19.2%). Tunica vasculosa lentis was the most common finding (25%) followed by vitreous or retinal hemorrhages (17.2%) and retinal white lesions (16.6%). Retina was the most frequently involved anatomic site. Other frequent ocular findings included optic disc cupping, congenital cataract, optic nerve hypoplasia, choroidal nevus, persistent fetal vasculature, lid hemangioma, and tilted disc. However, life-threatening pathologies such as lipemia retinalis and even retinoblastoma were also diagnosed. Conclusion A duly ophthalmologic examination is mandatory in premature infants for ROP screening. During such examinations, ophthalmologists must be aware of coexisting ocular findings; which could be sight-threatening or even life-threatening.
Brief report: Validity and reliability of the Nigerian Autism Screening Questionnaire
Authors: Bakare Muideen O , Frazier Thomas W , Karpur Arun , Abubakar Amina , Nyongesa Moses Kachama , Mwangi Paul Murimu , Dixon Pamela , Khaliq Izma , Gase Natalie K , Sandstrom Jonathan , Okidegbe Nwanze , Rosanoff Michael , Munir Kerim M , Shih Andy 
Published: March 2022

Informant-report measures for screening symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are needed for low-resource settings if early identification is to be prioritized because early developmental concerns are likely to be expressed by parents and other caregivers. This paper describes the initial psychometric evaluation of the Nigeria Autism Screening Questionnaire (NASQ). Parents and other caregivers completed the NASQ on 12,311 children ages 1 to 18 in a Nigerian population sample as part of the World Bank National General Household Survey conducted in the country in 2016. Factor analyses indicated a parsimonious three-factor structure with social communication/interaction, repetitive sensory motor, and insistence on sameness dimensions. Measurement invariance was excellent across age and sex. Reliability of the subscales and total scale was good, and item response theory analyses indicated good measurement precision in the range from below average to high scores, crucial for screening, and tracking ASD symptoms. Studies with gold standard ASD diagnostic instruments and clinical confirmation are needed to evaluate screening and diagnostic accuracy. The NASQ appears to be a reliable instrument with a clear factor structure and potential for use in screening and tracking ASD symptoms in future Nigerian samples. Lay abstract Early intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is dependent on reliable methods for early detection. Screening for ASD symptoms is an important strategy in low- and middle-income countries that often lack adequate service infrastructure. This study aims to conduct preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of a tool developed and deployed in Nigeria called the Nigerian Autism Screening Questionnaire (NASQ). Results demonstrated that NASQ, when used as a community-based survey, has a clear factor structure with consistent measurement across age and sex, and that scores from below average to well above average are measured reliably. Future research is needed to examine the performance of this tool against confirmatory ASD diagnosis in screening and diagnostic contexts to further understand the utility and applicability of this tool in the resource-limited Nigerian setting.
Spontaneous ureteric rupture due to high pressure chronic retention
Authors: Deen Shameer , Ogbu Emmanuel , Walker Nicholas Faure , Nkwam Nkwam Michael 
Published: March 2022

Summary Spontaneous ureteric rupture is a rare phenomenon which can be traumatic or non-traumatic that may arise from ureteric obstruction, trauma, mucosal inflammation from urolithiasis, connective tissue disease or retroperitoneal fibrosis. High pressure chronic retention is characterised by noctural enuresis, a tense palpable bladder, hypertension, progressive renal impairment, bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter on imaging. Obstructive urological symptoms are typically absent in uncomplicated cases. We report the case of a 69-year-old male who presented with high pressure chronic retention and spontaneous ureteric rupture demonstrated on a noncontrast CT. This patient was managed with a urethral catheter on free drainage and a retrograde ureteric stent. The patient’s condition improved, and the stent was removed after a uretero-pyeloscopy which revealed no extravasation. He later underwent a successful transurethral resection of the prostate.
Introducing Virtual Prehabilitation to a UK Elective Total Hip Replacement service to improve patient outcomes: An overview of the literature and proposed implementation plan
Authors: Gorton JH 
Published: March 2022

Elective Total Hip Replacement (THR) surgery is one of the most common elective surgeries in the UK, costing the National Health Service (NHS) over £300,000,000 annually. A review of the literature identified preoperative rehabilitation, known as ‘prehabilitation’, improves patient outcomes and decreases Length Of hospital Stay (LOS). This approach follows NICE guidelines which recommend prehabilitation for all patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Challenges accessing prehabilitation classes at UK hospitals due to inadequate transport and COVID-19 restrictions present an opportunity to provide prehabilitation virtually. Physiotherapy services are increasingly utilising technology, in line with The NHS Long Term Plan to increase service accessibility. A review of the literature has established virtual prehabilitation is effective, feasible, and preferable for patients. Quality Improvement methodology has been used to propose an implementation plan for a virtual prehabilitation service. Further research is required to create a standardised prehabilitation protocol, and to assess the long-term effects and sustainability of virtual prehabilitation.
Assessment of linkage disequilibrium patterns between structural variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms in three commercial chicken populations
Authors: Geibel Johannes , Praefke Nora Paulina , Weigend Steffen , Simianer Henner , Reimer Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Structural variants (SV) are causative for some prominent phenotypic traits of livestock as different comb types in chickens or color patterns in pigs. Their effects on production traits are also increasingly studied. Nevertheless, accurately calling SV remains challenging. It is therefore of interest, whether close-by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with SVs and can serve as markers. Literature comes to different conclusions on whether SVs are in LD to SNPs on the same level as SNPs to other SNPs. The present study aimed to generate a precise SV callset from whole-genome short-read sequencing (WGS) data for three commercial chicken populations and to evaluate LD patterns between the called SVs and surrounding SNPs. It is thereby the first study that assessed LD between SVs and SNPs in chickens.

Results
The final callset consisted of 12,294,329 bivariate SNPs, 4,301 deletions (DEL), 224 duplications (DUP), 218 inversions (INV) and 117 translocation breakpoints (BND). While average LD between DELs and SNPs was at the same level as between SNPs and SNPs, LD between other SVs and SNPs was strongly reduced (DUP: 40%, INV: 27%, BND: 19% of between-SNP LD). A main factor for the reduced LD was the presence of local minor allele frequency differences, which accounted for 50% of the difference between SNP – SNP and DUP – SNP LD. This was potentially accompanied by lower genotyping accuracies for DUP, INV and BND compared with SNPs and DELs. An evaluation of the presence of tag SNPs (SNP in highest LD to the variant of interest) further revealed DELs to be slightly less tagged by WGS SNPs than WGS SNPs by other SNPs. This difference, however, was no longer present when reducing the pool of potential tag SNPs to SNPs located on four different chicken genotyping arrays.

Conclusions
The results implied that genomic variance due to DELs in the chicken populations studied can be captured by different SNP marker sets as good as variance from WGS SNPs, whereas separate SV calling might be advisable for DUP, INV, and BND effects.
What is the role of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior in relationship between the genetic predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic risk score?
Authors: Sehn Ana Paula , Brand Caroline , de Castro Silveira João Francisco , Andersen Lars Bo , Gaya Anelise Reis , Todendi Pâmela Ferreira , de Moura Valim Andréia Rosane , Reuter Cézane Priscila 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Genetic factors along with inadequate lifestyle habits are associated with the development of cardiometabolic alterations. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the role of sedentary behavior on the relationship between rs9939609 polymorphism (fat mass and obesity-associated gene-FTO) and cardiometabolic risk score according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in children and adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with 1215 children and adolescents (692 girls), aged between 6 and 17 years. Screen time as a marker of sedentary behavior was evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire and CRF was estimated using the 6-min walking and running test. The genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) was calculated by summing z-scores of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference, and dividing it by five. Moderation analyses were tested using multiple linear regression models.

Results
The coefficient of the interaction term of FTO (rs9939609) and screen time indicated that screen time was a significant moderator on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and cMetS (p = 0.047) in children and adolescents classified with low CRF (β = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.001; 0.002). It was observed a significant association between genotype risk (AA) of FTO polymorphism and cMetS, in participants that spent more than 378 min a day in front of screen-based devices (β = 0.203; 95% CI = 0.000; 0.405). No interaction term was found for those with high CRF.

Conclusions
High sedentary behavior seems to influence the relationship between genetic predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with low CRF.