bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid structure interaction study of non-Newtonian Casson fluid in a bifurcated channel having stenosis with elastic walls
Authors: Shahzad Hasan , Wang Xinhua , Ghaffari Abuzar , Iqbal Kaleem , Hafeez Muhammad Bilal , Krawczuk Marek , Wojnicz Wiktoria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFluid–structure interaction (FSI) gained a huge attention of scientists and researchers due to its applications in biomedical and mechanical engineering. One of the most important applications of FSI is to study the elastic wall behavior of stenotic arteries. Blood is the suspension of various cells characterized by shear thinning, yield stress, and viscoelastic qualities that can be assessed by using non-Newtonian models. In this study we explored non-Newtonian, incompressible Casson fluid flow in a bifurcated artery with a stenosis. The two-dimensional Casson model is used to study the hemodynamics of the flow. The walls of the artery are supposed to be elastic and the stenosis region is constructed in both walls. Suitable scales are used to transform the nonlinear differential equations into a dimensionless form. The problem is formulated and discretized using Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach. The finite element method (FEM) technique is used to solve the system of equations, together with appropriate boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out for the Bingham number, Hartmann number, and Reynolds number. The graphical results of pressure field, velocity profile, and load on the walls are assessed and used to study the influence of hemodynamic effects on stenotic arteries, bifurcation region, and elastic walls. This study shows that there is an increase in wall shear stresses (WSS) with increasing values of Bingham number and Hartmann number. Also, for different values of the Bingham number, the load on the upper wall is computed against the Hartmann number. The result indicate that load at the walls increases as the values of Bingham number and Hartmann number increase.
Relationship between sprint, jump, dynamic balance with the change of direction on young soccer players' performance
Authors: Falces-Prieto Moisés , González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , García-Delgado Gabriel , Silva Rui , Nobari Hadi , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present paper was to determine the relationship between linear sprinting and jump performance, dynamic balance and change of direction on young soccer players. Ninety-four healthy young highly trained male soccer players belonging to the same high-performance academy agreed to participate in the study [twenty-seven soccer players U16 (14.8 ± 0.4 years; height: 170.6 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 64.7 ± 8.4 kg)] and [sixty-seven soccer players U19 (16.6 ± 1.3 years; height: 173.7 ± 7.2 cm; body mass 66.7 ± 8.0 kg)]. Participants completed 3 testing sessions, 7 days apart. Data from a CMJ, Crossover Hop Test, 10-m sprint test, 505 COD tests and the 90° COD test were collected. Moderate correlations were found in some of the cases (r values were between 0.2 and 0.5 in all cases, beingp < 0.05), indicating that linear sprinting, jumping performance and dynamic balance are influential factors in agility but are not the main limiting factor. The highest correlation was found between the cross-over hop test and the 505 COD test (r = 0.44;p < 0.001). The main evidence from the current study suggested that linear sprinting, jumping performance and dynamics balance are determinants of COD, namely explaining the variations in such a skill. The current study revealed that short-distance sprint and jumping performance significantly explain the variations of COD performance on young soccer players.
Identifying and characterising sources of variability in digital outcome measures in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Roussos George , Herrero Teresa Ruiz , Hill Derek L. , Dowling Ariel V. , L. T. M. Müller Martijn , Evers Luc J. W. , Burton Jackson , Derungs Adrian , Fisher Katherine , Kilambi Krishna Praneeth , Mehrotra Nitin , Bhatnagar Roopal , Sardar Sakshi , Stephenson Diane , Adams Jamie L. , Ray Dorsey E. , Cosman Josh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmartphones and wearables are widely recognised as the foundation for novel Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) for the clinical assessment of Parkinson’s disease. Yet, only limited progress has been made towards their regulatory acceptability as effective drug development tools. A key barrier in achieving this goal relates to the influence of a wide range of sources of variability (SoVs) introduced by measurement processes incorporating DHTs, on their ability to detect relevant changes to PD. This paper introduces a conceptual framework to assist clinical research teams investigating a specific Concept of Interest within a particular Context of Use, to identify, characterise, and when possible, mitigate the influence of SoVs. We illustrate how this conceptual framework can be applied in practice through specific examples, including two data-driven case studies.
Learning plastic matching of robot dynamics in closed-loop central pattern generators
Authors: Ruppert Felix , Badri-Spröwitz Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals achieve agile locomotion performance with reduced control effort and energy efficiency by leveraging compliance in their muscles and tendons. However, it is not known how biological locomotion controllers learn to leverage the intelligence embodied in their leg mechanics. Here we present a framework to match control patterns and mechanics based on the concept of short-term elasticity and long-term plasticity. Inspired by animals, we design a robot, Morti, with passive elastic legs. The quadruped robot Morti is controlled by a bioinspired closed-loop central pattern generator that is designed to elastically mitigate short-term perturbations using sparse contact feedback. By minimizing the amount of corrective feedback on the long term, Morti learns to match the controller to its mechanics and learns to walk within 1 h. By leveraging the advantages of its mechanics, Morti improves its energy efficiency by 42% without explicit minimization in the cost function.
Continental weathering and recovery from ocean nutrient stress during the Early Triassic Biotic Crisis
Authors: Knies Jochen , Schönenberger Jasmin , Zwingmann Horst , van der Lelij Roelant , Smelror Morten , Vullum Per Erik , Brönner Marco , Vogt Christoph , Fredin Ola , Müller Axel , Grasby Stephen E. , Beauchamp Benoit , Viola Giulio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFollowing the latest Permian extinction ∼252 million years ago, normal marine and terrestrial ecosystems did not recover for another 5-9 million years. The driver(s) for the Early Triassic biotic crisis, marked by high atmospheric CO2 concentration, extreme ocean warming, and marine anoxia, remains unclear. Here we constrain the timing of authigenic K-bearing mineral formation extracted from supergene weathering profiles of NW-Pangea by Argon geochronology, to demonstrate that an accelerated hydrological cycle causing intense chemical alteration of the continents occurred between ∼254 and 248 Ma, and continued throughout the Triassic period. We show that enhanced ocean nutrient supply from this intense continental weathering did not trigger increased ocean productivity during the Early Triassic biotic crisis, due to strong thermal ocean stratification off NW Pangea. Nitrogen isotope constraints suggest, instead, that full recovery from ocean nutrient stress, despite some brief amelioration ∼1.5 million years after the latest Permian extinction, did not commence until climate cooling revitalized the global upwelling systems and ocean mixing ∼10 million years after the mass extinction.
Concepts in the Establishment of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Centers: The Role of Radiology
Authors: Clevert Dirk Andre , Jung Ernst Michael , Weber Marc-André , Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert , Willinek Winfried , Fischer Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Background Ultrasound (US) is widely used as a fast and cost-efficient first-choice imaging technique without relevant side effects for a variety of diagnostic tasks. Due to technical advances, more complex and sophisticated methods such as color-coded duplex ultrasound, image fusion, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and ultrasound-guided interventions have become increasingly important in diagnostic algorithms.
Method This study presents an overview of all aspects regarding the establishing of an interdisciplinary US center based on five representative examples in Germany. These aspects include topics of ultrasound education, research, economics, and administration.
Results The goal of an interdisciplinary US center is to bundle the use of equipment, staff, rooms, and infrastructure resources (optimization of equipment availability and use of new techniques) to expand the range of examinations, to promote resident training, and to boost continuing medical education of residents. This should result in better patient care and has additionally improved patient care while considering the added value for the participating institutions involved. Interdisciplinary US centers allow a reduction of the number of US devices needed in a hospital and more efficient use of available equipment through bedside time optimization by central organization within interdisciplinary management. The focused application of special US techniques such as CEUS or image fusion for complex, difficult interventions as well as the training and education of younger colleagues in using these techniques is centrally organized by experts and can be improved through the multidisciplinary experience available.
Conclusion Organizational structures, sharing of materials, and standardization of diagnostic reports facilitate and accelerate cooperation with the referring specialty.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Circulating Fibroblast Growth
Factor-21 Response to Glucose Challenge in Overweight and Obese Men: A Pilot
Study
Authors: Matsui Masahiro , Kosaki Keisei , Myoenzono Kanae , Yoshikawa Toru , Park Jieyon , Kuro-o Makoto , Maeda Seiji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and study purpose Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a
liver-derived hormone that lowers blood glucose. Although aerobic exercise
training also lowers blood glucose, its effect on circulating FGF21levels
remains obscure. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise
training on serum FGF21 levels in overweight and obese men.
Methods A total of 14 overweight/obese men were included in the
analyses. Participants attended supervised aerobic exercise training for 12
weeks (three times per week) and completed the standard oral glucose tolerance
test pre- and post-exercise training. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum
FGF21 levels were measured at fasting and 60 and 120 min after glucose
loading.
Results The exercise training reduced plasma glucose and serum FGF21
levels during glucose loading (p<0.05). The change in the area
under the curve of plasma glucose was positively correlated with that in the
area under the curve of serum FGF21 (r

s
=0.569,
p=0.034).
Conclusion Lowering postprandial circulating FGF21 levels may be
associated with the improved glucose tolerance induced by habitual aerobic
exercise in overweight and obese men.
Icariin Improves Glucocorticoid Resistance in a Murine Model of Asthma with Depression Associated with Enhancement of GR Expression and Function
Authors: Jin Hualiang , Zhou Yan , Ye Jian , Qiu Chenhui , Jin Weizhong , Wang Limin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIcariin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, exerts a variety of biological activities. However, its effects on depression-induced glucocorticoid resistance in asthma and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, a murine model of asthma with depression was established by exposure to ovalbumin combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress, and icariin was given orally during ovalbumin challenge and chronic unpredictable mild stress exposure. Depression-like behaviors were assessed by the open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. The characteristic features of allergic asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E and corticosterone levels in serum, were examined. Following splenocyte isolation in vitro, the inhibitory effects of corticosterone on the proliferation and cytokine secretion of splenocytes, glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding activity, and expression of p-glucocorticoid receptor s226, glucocorticoid receptor α, and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in splenocytes were determined. We found that icariin had limited effects on depression-like behaviors, however, it markedly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltration in lung tissues, levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E in serum. Furthermore, icariin improved the inhibitory effects of corticosterone on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated splenocytes, increased the glucocorticoid receptor expression and glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding activity, and inhibited the phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors S226 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Taken together, icariin improved glucocorticoid resistance in a murine model of asthma with depression associated with enhancement of glucocorticoid receptor function and glucocorticoid receptor expression, and its effects on the glucocorticoid receptor function were related to decreased phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors S226 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Simulated Kick Injury to the Mandible in Horses: Study of Fracture Configurations and Physical Parameters of the Impact
Authors: Gfrerer Levin , Michel Silvain , Fürst Anton E. , Piskoty Gabor , Weisse Bernhard , Montavon Stéphane , Jackson Michelle A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective The goal of this study was to generate mandibular fractures in three regions of the diastema using a metal impactor to simulate a kick from a horse and to determine the mean deceleration in the initial phase of the impact event, the maximum contact force, the impact energy necessary to create a fracture and the duration of the impact.Study Design Thirty heads of horses aged between 5 and 20 years and euthanatized for various reasons were used. The heads were attached to a steel bar at the occiput at an axial angle of 45 degrees so that the body of the mandible was positioned horizontally and directly under the trajectory of the impactor. A 2 kg solid impactor was dropped with velocities of 6 to 14 m/s to simulate a kick from a horse. The impact was recorded using a high-speed video camera with a frame rate of 30,000 frames per second. Radiographs of the heads were obtained before and after the simulated kick.Results Mandibular fractures with configurations similar to those seen in clinical practice were generated at all three locations. The mean deceleration increased with impact velocity and with more cranially located impact positions. Absorbed energy increased with increasing impact velocity when no fracture was generated.Conclusion The susceptibility to experimental fracture of the diastema increased from rostral to caudal locations, which is most probably caused by decreasing mandibular bone strength and an increase in the curvature at the lateroventral aspect of the mandible in that region. Physical parameters depended on fracture occurrence and type.
Muscle Grafts with Doxorubicin Pretreatment Produce “Empty Tubes” in the Basal Laminae, Promote Contentious Maturation of the Regenerated Axons, and Bridge 20-mm Sciatic Nerve Defects in Rats
Authors: Takeuchi Hisataka , Sakamoto Akio , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Ohta Souichi , Noguchi Takashi , Ando Maki , Yoshimoto Koichi , Sakamoto Daichi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background We newly developed a muscle graft that employs a doxorubicin pretreatment technique. The aims of this study were to reveal the biological and morphological features of the muscle tissue in the second week (Study I), to reveal the regeneration outcomes of functional and kinematic assessments of longer-term follow-up (16 weeks, Study II), and to make assessments of the muscle graft with doxorubicin pretreatment in the critical-sized nerve defect model (20 mm, Study III).
Methods A total of 26 adult rats were used in this study. Doxorubicin treatment was accomplished by immersion in a doxorubicin solution for 10 minutes followed by a rinsing procedure. The rats were divided into three groups: the muscle graft with and without doxorubicin pretreatment (M-graft-w-Dox and M-graft-w/o-Dox) groups and the autologous nerve graft (N-graft) group. Assays of apoptosis, immunofluorescent histochemistry including CD68 (macrophage marker), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), morphometrical studies of the regenerated axons, nerve conduction studies, and kinematic studies were performed.
Results The M-graft-w-Dox group contained significantly larger numbers of apoptotic cells and CD68-positive cells. SEM revealed the existence of the basal lamina, so called “empty tubes,” in the M-graft-w-Dox group. Study II showed contentious maturation of the regenerated axons, especially in the compound muscle action potentials. Study III showed that even at 20 mm, the M-graft-w-Dox group promoted axonal regeneration and functional regeneration.
Conclusion The M-graft-w-Dox group showed superior regeneration results, and this easy and short-term procedure can expand the muscle graft clinical indication for the treatment of peripheral nerve defects.
Regenerative Dentistry in Pakistan: Awareness, Challenges, and Advancements among General Dental Practitioners and Specialists
Authors: Khan Erum , Soomro Azeem Hussain , Saleem Muhammad , Siyal Zahid Hussain , Ali Sabir , khurshid Zohaib 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective Regenerative dentistry has developed a revolutionary advancement in dentistry worldwide. However, significant research still needs to be taken to overcome the challenges in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to evaluate the understanding of general and specialist dentists toward different grafts and their resources during surgical procedures.
Materials and Methods A questionnaire was disseminated for our survey-based study, emailed the soft copy, and distributed the hard copies among 400 general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists throughout Pakistan to evaluate the types of grafts used to cover bone or soft tissue defects. Out of 400 GDPs and dental specialists, 200 participants returned the completed questionnaires.
Results Nearly 200 dental surgeons participated from different regions of Pakistan. Most of the GDPs and specialists in Pakistan are not well aware of tissue-engineered grafts and their role in dentistry. The frequency of utilizing a patient's oral fibroblast to generate the collagen is 5.5%. Most of the GDPs are not aware of the resource of bony spicules if utilized which is 49.5%. Consequently, the use of regenerated tissue (oral) grafts is significantly overlooked in Pakistan (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Tissue engineering is an extremely encouraging area of reparative biology that attracts the latest innovation in maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, implantology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, and physiology.
Awareness of the Influence of Periodontitis on Systemic Health among Medical Professionals: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Narendran Nirosha , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Shenoy Santhosh B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, characterized by progressive destruction of supporting periodontal structures. However, the periodontal infection can enter into the systemic circulation and affect different organs in the body, and systemic diseases may be aggravated by periodontal disease.
Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of medical professionals regarding periodontal disease and its correlation with systemic disease.
Materials and Methods The survey was conducted in different government/private hospitals in and around Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India. The online survey form was circulated among various medical practitioners between June and August 2019. There was a total of 10 questions in the questionnaire, and the respondents were asked to mark their appropriate choices. Using SPSS version 16, the data collected were compiled and analyzed.
Results A total of 186 general practitioners were involved in the study. About 75.4% of practitioners were aware of periodontal disease and 73.7% of practitioners were aware of the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, 88.1% have referred their patients to a dentist. Among the medical doctors practicing in and around Mangaluru city, this survey showed that knowledge about the relationship between oral health and general health was good.
Conclusion This study emphasizes on increasing the awareness regarding periodontal and systemic interrelationships among physicians and more comprehensive and collective efforts by both the general physicians and dental surgeons to improve overall health through improving oral health.
Arthroscopic Dorsal Ligamentocapsulodesis in the Management of Combined Tears of Scapholunate and Lunotriquetral Ligaments: Surgical Technique and Preliminary Clinical Results
Authors: Özçelik İsmail Bülent , Ayık Ömer , Demirel Mehmet , Yıldırım Tuğrul , Uğurlar Meriç 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction The literature is scarce regarding the management of combined tears of scapholunate (SL) and lunotriquetral (LT) ligaments. This study aimed to evaluate our preliminary results with the arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis in managing such cases.
Materials and Methods Forty-two patients (13 females, 29 males; mean age = 31; age range = 18–51 years) who underwent arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis due to the combined tears of SL and LT ligaments were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up was 38 (range = 24–55) months. The Modified Mayo Wrist Score, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and grip strength were assessed preoperatively and at the final follow-up examination.
Results The mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score significantly improved from 49 (range = 25–70) preoperatively to 82 (range = 60–100) at the final follow-up (p = 0.000). The mean VAS significantly decreased from 6.33 to 1.6 (p = 0.000). The mean hand grip strength significantly improved from 31 (range = 19–41) kg to 44 (range = 25–60) kg at the final follow-up examination (p < 0.001). No major complications were encountered.
Conclusion Arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis seems to be a safe and effective surgical technique in the management of this rare combined injury pattern.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Bilateral Thoracic Outlet Syndrome from Anomalous 8th Cervical Vertebrae Ribs
Authors: Ferris Scott , Lonie Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of diverse disorders resulting from compression of neurovascular structures as they pass from the lower neck to upper limb. Neurological symptoms, such as pain, weakness, or paraesthesia, are much more common than vascular symptoms such as pallor or venous congestion. Anatomical abnormalities can contribute to this condition. Thirty percent of patients with TOS can have a cervical rib, arising from the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra, compared with 1% of the general population. We report the first case in the literature of neurogenic TOS from a cervical rib arising from a supernumerary 8th cervical vertebra. This patient had immediate improvement in TOS symptoms following scalene muscle surgery and resection of cervical and first thoracic ribs.