bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next generation medical education from the student’s perspective
Authors: Yavuz Nurgül , Çula Nazlı Begüm , Ataş Birce , Gür Dilara , Asker Emre , Nakay Kerem , Gültekin Elif Sıdal , Kılıççıoğlu Uğur , Akbulut Yalçın Ural Turhan , Taşkın Zeynep 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Izmir University of Economics Faculty of Medicine’s aim is to implement a novel and effective system called “Next Generation Medical Education”. This system is designed to provide us a modernized medical education which covers the students’ requirements. This study is designed to investigate different aspects of this educational system from the student’s perspective.

Methods
Main characteristic features of the educational system was determined and a survey as well as phone interviews have been conducted in order to determine the views of the students of the faculty regarding these aspects.

Results
The survey and the phone interview results showed that the students are mostly satisfied with current system and all of its components.

Conclusions
We have determined the key aspects of the system as: integrated curriculum, learning to learn, advisorship, e-learning and feedback mechanisms. We believe that the next generation education system adopted by our faculty is a way of transforming medical education in order to train qualified physicians for tomorrow.
Human Astrocytes Exhibit Tumor Microenvironment-, Age-, and Sex-Related Transcriptomic Signatures
Authors: Krawczyk Mitchell C. , Haney Jillian R. , Pan Lin , Caneda Christine , Khankan Rana R. , Reyes Samuel D. , Chang Julia W. , Morselli Marco , Vinters Harry V. , Wang Anthony C. , Cobos Inma , Gandal Michael J. , Bergsneider Marvin , Kim Won , Liau Linda M. , Yong William , Jalali Ali , Deneen Benjamin , Grant Gerald A. , Mathern Gary W. , Fallah Aria , Zhang Ye 
Published: January 2022

Astrocytes are critical for the development and function of synapses. There are notable species differences between human astrocytes and commonly used animal models. Yet, it is unclear whether astrocytic genes involved in synaptic function are stable or exhibit dynamic changes associated with disease states and age in humans, which is a barrier in understanding human astrocyte biology and its potential involvement in neurologic diseases. To better understand the properties of human astrocytes, we acutely purified astrocytes from the cerebral cortices of over 40 humans across various ages, sexes, and disease states. We performed RNA sequencing to generate transcriptomic profiles of these astrocytes and identified genes associated with these biological variables. We found that human astrocytes in tumor-surrounding regions downregulate genes involved in synaptic function and sensing of signals in the microenvironment, suggesting involvement of peritumor astrocytes in tumor-associated neural circuit dysfunction. In aging, we also found downregulation of synaptic regulators and upregulation of markers of cytokine signaling, while in maturation we identified changes in ionic transport with implications for calcium signaling. In addition, we identified subtle sexual dimorphism in human cortical astrocytes, which has implications for observed sex differences across many neurologic disorders. Overall, genes involved in synaptic function exhibit dynamic changes in the peritumor microenvironment and aging. These data provide powerful new insights into human astrocyte biology in several biologically relevant states that will aid in generating novel testable hypotheses about homeostatic and reactive astrocytes in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes are an abundant class of cells playing integral roles at synapses. Astrocyte dysfunction is implicated in a variety of human neurologic diseases. Yet our knowledge of astrocytes is largely based on mouse studies. Direct knowledge of human astrocyte biology remains limited. Here, we present transcriptomic profiles of human cortical astrocytes, and we identified molecular differences associated with age, sex, and disease state. We found that peritumor and aging astrocytes downregulate genes involved in astrocyte–synapse interactions. These data provide necessary insight into human astrocyte biology that will improve our understanding of human disease.
Hemin-Induced Death Models Hemorrhagic Stroke and Is a Variant of Classical Neuronal Ferroptosis
Authors: Zille Marietta , Oses-Prieto Juan A. , Savage Sara R. , Karuppagounder Saravanan S. , Chen Yingxin , Kumar Amit , Morris John H. , Scheidt Karl A. , Burlingame Alma L. , Ratan Rajiv R. 
Published: January 2022

Ferroptosis is a caspase-independent, iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis extant in traumatic brain injury, Huntington disease, and hemorrhagic stroke. It can be activated by cystine deprivation leading to glutathione depletion, the insufficiency of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4, and the hemolysis products hemoglobin and hemin. A cardinal feature of ferroptosis is extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation culminating in its translocation to the nucleus. We have previously confirmed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 inhibits persistent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ferroptosis. Here, we show that hemin exposure, a model of secondary injury in brain hemorrhage and ferroptosis, activated ERK1/2 in mouse neurons. Accordingly, MEK inhibitor U0126 protected against hemin-induced ferroptosis. Unexpectedly, U0126 prevented hemin-induced ferroptosis independent of its ability to inhibit ERK1/2 signaling. In contrast to classical ferroptosis in neurons or cancer cells, chemically diverse inhibitors of MEK did not block hemin-induced ferroptosis, nor did the forced expression of the ERK-selective MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)3. We conclude that hemin or hemoglobin-induced ferroptosis, unlike glutathione depletion, is ERK1/2-independent. Together with recent studies, our findings suggest the existence of a novel subtype of neuronal ferroptosis relevant to bleeding in the brain that is 5-lipoxygenase-dependent, ERK-independent, and transcription-independent. Remarkably, our unbiased phosphoproteome analysis revealed dramatic differences in phosphorylation induced by two ferroptosis subtypes. As U0126 also reduced cell death and improved functional recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in male mice, our analysis also provides a template on which to build a search for U0126's effects in a variant of neuronal ferroptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFerroptosis is an iron-dependent mechanism of regulated necrosis that has been linked to hemorrhagic stroke. Common features of ferroptotic death induced by diverse stimuli are the depletion of the antioxidant glutathione, production of lipoxygenase-dependent reactive lipids, sensitivity to iron chelation, and persistent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Unlike classical ferroptosis induced in neurons or cancer cells, here we show that ferroptosis induced by hemin is ERK-independent. Paradoxically, the canonical MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 blocks brain hemorrhage-induced death. Altogether, these data suggest that a variant of ferroptosis is unleashed in hemorrhagic stroke. We present the first, unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis of ferroptosis as a template on which to understand distinct paths to cell death that meet the definition of ferroptosis.
Decreasing Laboratory Testing for Neonatal Jaundice Through Revision of a Clinical Practice Pathway
Authors: Preloger Erin , Wedoff Michael , Lemke Jennifer T. , Pan Amy , Nelson Anika 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to minimize unnecessary laboratory services for hospitalized neonates with hyperbilirubinemia by revising a local clinical practice pathway (CPP).

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed to compare the number of laboratory tests and blood draws in patients hospitalized with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia before and after implementation of a revised CPP. The study included infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia &lt;14 days old admitted after their birth hospitalization between April 2017 and October 2019. Primary outcome measures included the total number of blood draws and the number of laboratory tests obtained per patient and length of stay. Secondary outcome measures included 7-day readmission rate, charges, and discharge bilirubin level.

RESULTS
The median number of blood draws per patient after implementation of the CPP decreased to 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 2–3) compared with 3 (IQR, 2–3) before implementation (Poisson model–based estimated mean difference, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.3; P = .018). The median number of laboratory tests per patient after implementation decreased from 4 (IQR, 3–6) to 3 (IQR, 2–4; Poisson model–based estimated mean difference, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.5; P &lt; .0001). There was no significant change in length of stay, readmission rate, charges, or discharge bilirubin level.

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a revised CPP was associated with a significant decrease in the number of blood draws and laboratory tests per patient for infants admitted to the hospital for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
PRODUCTS OF ULTRAFILTERS AND MAXIMAL LINKED SYSTEMS ON WIDELY UNDERSTOOD MEASURABLE SPACES
Authors: Chentsov Alexander G. 
Published: January 2022

Constructions related to products of maximal linked systems (MLSs) and MLSs on the product of widely understood measurable spaces are considered (these measurable spaces are defined as sets equipped with \(\pi\)-systems of their subsets; a \(\pi\)-system is a family closed with respect to finite intersections). We compare families of MLSs on initial spaces and MLSs on the product. Separately, we consider the case of ultrafilters. Equipping set-products with topologies, we use the box-topology and the Tychonoff product of Stone-type topologies. The properties of compaction and homeomorphism hold, respectively.
Hubungan antara kebiasaan minum teh dengan anemia pada wanita hamil
Authors: Lisisina Nanda , Rachmiyani Irmiya 
Published: January 2022

LATAR BELAKANG
Anemia merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam kehamilan di Indonesia yang memiliki dampak buruk bagi keadaan ibu, janin maupun proses persalinan. Ada banyak faktor penyebab anemia pada wanita hamil dan penyebab paling sering adalah defisiensi besi. Teh merupakan jenis minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi orang dewasa setelah air termasuk wanita hamil. Sementara teh berperan sebagai faktor inhibitor pada absorpsi zat besi dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara kebiasaan minum teh dengan anemia pada wanita hamil.

METODE
Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan terhadap 230 wanita hamil trimester ke-3 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta. Kebiasaan minum teh dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan kadar Hb dinilai dari data rekam medis. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS for Windowss versi 24 dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05.

HASIL
Distribusi kebiasaan minum teh menunjukkan hasil bahwa lebih banyak subjekyang memiliki kebiasaan minum teh jarang (51,7%) dan berdasarkan distribusi anemia diketahui bahwa sebagian besar responden tidak mengalami anemia (67,8%). Terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan minum teh dengan anemia pada wanita hamil (p=0,00).

KESIMPULAN
Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan minum teh dengan anemia pada wanita hamil. wanita hamil trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebon jeruk Jakarta Barat
Study of serum magnesium levels and its correlation with glycemic status in type II diabetes patients
Authors: Pratinidhi Shilpa A , Badhe Yuvraj , Bhujbal Chaitanya , Tilokchandani Mohak 
Published: January 2022

Magnesium is most important and vital element of body. It needs to be supplemented adequately. It plays a vital role in insulin secretion, insulin binding and homeostasis. When Serum Magnesium is adequate, the glycemic control is better and HbA1c values will fall, thus proving that serum magnesium plays a major role in glycemic control. It is now established that diabetes can by itself induce hypomagnesemia and hypomagnesemia can in turn induce onset or worsen diabetes mellitus.: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 diagnosed cases of type II diabetes mellitus. This study was planned to study if any correlation exists between the level of Serum Magnesium and HbA1C in diagnosed Type II diabetics.: The correlation between the two parameters was not found to be statistically significant.: Owing to COVID-19 restrictions history regarding the duration of disease, the dietary history of the participants could not be obtained: Serum magnesium does not bear a constant relationship with the diabetic control according to the findings of the current study and detailed studies including multi-parametric analysis along with duration of diabetes is required.
Serum uric acid as biomarker for mania: An exploratory prospective study
Authors: Pandey Ambu , Kalita Kamal Narayan , Baruah Aprajeeta 
Published: January 2022

Bipolar Disorder is a major mental illness characterized by episodic occurrence of mood symptoms which can be of mania, depression or a mixed episode. The role of Uric Acid in the etiopathogenesis of episodic mental illnesses might be considered recognized long back in 19th century. Lithium was used as treatment for gouty arthritis and that in some cases helped to control mental illnesses. Multiple role of uric acid in the Central Nervous System have been recognized now. In the present study 30 patients in manic episodes were included and their serum Uric Acid level was compared to age and sex matched healthy controls twice at the interval of three weeks. It was found that Uric Acid level of cases was significantly higher than in controls before the initiation of treatment. Uric Acid level of manic group showed a significant decline after three weeks of treatment initiation. There was no significant change in Uric Acid level of control group after three weeks Serum Uric Acid levels are elevated during manic phase of Bipolar Disorder and decreases after initiation of treatment. There may be more research to find whether uric acid can be considered a biomarker for Bipolar illnesses and also an indicator for treatment response.
Fatores de Risco Associados à Recusa de Notas de Transferência e Vales Cirurgia: O Caso da Região Centro em Portugal
Authors: Cruz Salomé , Quintal Carlota , Antunes Patrícia 
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Em Portugal, a recusa de Notas de Transferência e Vales Cirurgia é elevada, dificultando o cumprimento dos tempos máximos de resposta garantidos para cirurgias eletivas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar a evolução de notas e vales emitidos/recusados para o período compreendido entre o terceiro trimestre de 2016 e o quarto trimestre de 2019 e os fatores de risco associados à sua recusa, na Região Centro, em Portugal.Material e Métodos: Os dados provêm da base de dados de notas/vales cancelados e da lista de inscritos para cirurgia a 31 de dezembro de 2019. Na análise dos fatores de risco recorremos à regressão logística múltipla.Resultados: A emissão de notas/vales aumentou após 2018 e as taxas de recusa de transferência mantiveram-se acima dos 55% a partir do terceiro trimestre de 2018. A chance de recusa foi maior para idades superiores a 55 anos (OR = 1,136; IC = 1,041 – 1,240; OR = 1,095; IC = 1,005 – 1,194; OR = 1,098; IC = 1,002 – 1,203, para as faixas etárias 55 - 64, 65 - 74 e 75 - 84, respetivamente) para a cirurgia convencional, quando comparada com ambulatório (OR = 2,498; IC = 2,343 – 2,663) e para a especialidade de Ortopedia, quando comparada com Cirurgia Geral (OR = 1,123; IC = 1,037 – 1,217). A chance de recusa variou também entre hospitais (por exemplo OR = 3,853; IC = 3,610 – 4,113; OR = 3,600; IC = 3,171 – 4,087; OR = 2,751; IC = 3,383 – 3,175 e OR = 1,337; IC= 1,092 – 1,637, para os hospitais de origem identificados como HO_2, HO_7, HO_4 e HO_6, respetivamente).Conclusão: Neste estudo confirmou-se que a emissão de notas de transferência/vales cirurgia aumentou após a redução legal dos tempos máximos de resposta garantidos em 2018 e que as taxas de recusa de transferência vinham já a registar uma tendência de aumento desde 2016, tendo-se mantido acima dos 55% a partir do terceiro trimestre de 2018. Alguns fatores para os quais se encontrou uma associação positiva com a recusa são a idade, a cirurgia convencional (em comparação com ambulatório) e a especialidade de Ortopedia (em comparação com Cirurgia Geral).
Autonomous learning features: A case study in an Indonesian ESP classroom
Authors: Budianto Langgeng , Mason Andrea R 
Published: January 2022

This article explores autonomous learning features and effective strategies for meeting the needs of the autonomous learner. A 4-month ethnographic study examined the learning features of three non-English major undergraduates enrolled in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course at an Indonesian university. The study also explored the students’ and teacher’s understanding of how the ESP classroom can benefit the autonomous learner. Data gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observation indicate four key autonomous learning features: 1) a willingness to accept responsibility; 2) dedicated planning; 3) implementing effective strategies; and 4) monitoring progress. The findings also indicate that a variety of scaffolded and authentic learning materials combined with a flexible and creative teaching approach enhance autonomous learning. We also address how our results are applicable to most educational situations as autonomous learning is not limited to the language classroom.
HIGHLIGHTS:

The three subjects indicated different processes of autonomy such as monitoring learning progress using a specific task, holistic approach, and regular reflection strategies.
Adopting and promoting a spirit of independent learning provides ESP learners with a supportive framework to develop and practice autonomous learning habits
The ESP learners not only required to learn general English but also to learn specific English (their content knowledge in English) as their major. This is the novelty of the study. Therefore, this study provides specific add to the theory of autonomous learning.
An Evidence Combination Rule Based on New Weight Assignment Scheme
Authors: wang yucui , Wang Jian , Huang Mengjie , Wang Minghui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Conflicting evidence and fuzzy evidence have a significant impact on the results of evidence combination in the application of evidence theory. However, the existing weight assignment methods can hardly reflect the significant influence of fuzzy evidence on the combination results. Therefore, a new method for assigning evidence weights and the corresponding combination rule are proposed. The proposed weight assignment method strengthens the consideration of fuzzy evidence and introduces the Wasserstein distance to compute the clarity degree of evidence which is an important reference index for weight assignment in the proposed combination rule and can weaken the effect of ambiguous evidence effectively. In the experiments, it's firstly verified that the impact of fuzzy evidence on the combination results is significant; therefore it should be fully considered in the weight assignment process. Then, the proposed combination rule with new weight assignment method is tested on a set of numerical arithmetic and Iris datasets. Compared with four existing methods, the results show that the proposed method has higher decision accuracy, F1 score, better computational convergence, and more reliable fusion results as well.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of 93 Rice Cultivars (Lines) (Oryza Sativa Xian Group) in Qinba in China By 3 Types of Genetic Markers
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Qiaoqiao , Zhou Xixi , Wang Yewen , Li Peijiang , Wang Yuexing , Zheng Shimao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The Qinba region is the transition region between Indica and Japonica varieties in China. It has a long history of Indica rice planting of more than 7000 years and is also a planting area for fine-quality Indica rice. The aims of this study are to explore different genetic markers applied to the analysis population structure, genetic diversity, selection and optimization of molecular markers of Indica rice, thus providing more information for the protection and utilization on germplasm resources of Indica rice. Methods: 15 phenotypic traits, a core set of 48 SSR markers as well as SNPs data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS, NlaIII and MseI digestion, referred to as SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI, respectively) for this panel of 93 samples using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform, were employed to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 93 samples.Results: The average of coefficient of variation (CV) and diversity index (He) were 29.72% and 1.83 ranging from 3.07% to 137.43%, and from 1.45 to 2.03, respectively. The correlation coefficient between 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.984 to -0.604. The first four PCs accounted for 70.693% phenotypic variation based on phenotypic analysis. A total of 379 alleles were obtained using SSR markers, encompassing an average of 8.0 alleles per primer. Polymorphic bands (PPB) and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 88.65% and 0.77, respectively. The Mantel test showed that the correlation between the genetic distance matrix based on SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI was the largest (R2=0.88), and that based on 15 phenotypic traits and SSR was the smallest (R2=0.09). The 93 samples could be clustered into two subgroups by 3 types of genetic markers. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the genetic variation was 2% among populations and 98% within populations (the Nm was 0.16), Tajima’s D value was 1.66, the FST between the two populations was 0.61 based on 72,824 SNPs. Conclusions: The population genetic variation explained by SNPs was larger than that explained by SSRs. The gene flow of 93 samples used in this study was larger than that of naturally self-pollinated crops, which may be caused by long-term breeding selection of Indica rice in the Qinba region. The genetic structure of the 93 samples was simple and lacked rare alleles.