bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the phenomenology of weak adjoint scalars in minimal R-symmetric models
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Smylie Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We examine the phenomenology of the scalar fields in weak and Higgs sectors of minimal R-symmetric models, in particular the ‘swino’ and ‘sbino’, the scalar partners to the chiral fields that marry the electroweak gauge bosons in Dirac gaugino models. These fields are in adjoint representations of SU(2) and U(1) and have both CP-even and CP-odd components. The interactions of these new states are summarized, and decay widths are computed analytically to one loop order. We discuss the tree level contributions of these new states to the mass spectrum of MSSM sfermions. We also explore production cross sections and decay signatures at colliders for several chosen benchmarks. We find that large regions of parameter space are unconstrained by present collider data.
Non-resonant new physics search at the LHC for the b → cτν anomalies
Authors: Endo Motoi , Iguro Syuhei , Kitahara Teppei , Takeuchi Michihisa , Watanabe Ryoutaro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the $$ b\to c\tau \overline{v} $$
b
→
cτ

v
¯

anomalies, we study non-resonant searches for new physics at the large hadron collider (LHC) by considering final states with an energetic and hadronically decaying τ lepton, a b-jet and large missing transverse momentum $$ \left( pp\to {\tau}_h\overline{b}+{E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}\right) $$

pp
→

τ
h

b
¯

+

E
T
miss

. Such searches can be useful to probe new physics contributions to $$ b\to c\tau \overline{v} $$
b
→
cτ

v
¯

. They are analyzed not only within the dimension-six effective field theory (EFT) but also in explicit leptoquark (LQ) models with the LQ non-decoupled. The former is realized by taking a limit of large LQ mass in the latter. It is clarified that the LHC sensitivity is sensitive to the LQ mass for 𝒪(1) TeV even in the search of $$ pp\to {\tau}_h\overline{b}+{E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}} $$
pp
→

τ
h

b
¯

+

E
T
miss

. Although the LQ models provide a weaker sensitivity than the EFT limit, it is found that the non-resonant search of $$ pp\to {\tau}_h\overline{b}+{E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}} $$
pp
→

τ
h

b
¯

+

E
T
miss

can improve the sensitivity by ≈ 40% versus a conventional mono-τ search $$ \left( pp\to {\tau}_h+{E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}\right) $$

pp
→

τ
h

+

E
T
miss

in the whole LQ mass region. Consequently, it is expected that most of the parameter regions suggested by the $$ b\to c\tau \overline{v} $$
b
→
cτ

v
¯

anomalies can be probed at the HL-LHC. Also, it is shown that R2 LQ scenario is accessible entirely once the LHC Run 2 data are analyzed. In addition, we discuss a charge selection of τh to further suppress the standard-model background, and investigate the angular correlations among b, τ and the missing transverse momentum to discriminate the LQ scenarios.
Freezing-in a hot bath: resonances, medium effects and phase transitions
Authors: Bringmann Torsten , Heeba Saniya , Kahlhoefer Felix , Vangsnes Kristian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Relic density calculations of dark matter freezing out from the primordial plasma have reached a high level of sophistication, with several numerical tools readily available that match the observationally required accuracy. Dark matter production via the freeze-in mechanism, on the other hand, is sensitive to much higher temperatures than in the freeze-out case, implying both technical and computational difficulties when aiming for the same level of precision. We revisit the formulation of freeze-in production in a way that facilitates the inclusion of in-medium corrections like plasma effects and the spin statistics of relativistic quantum gases, as well as the temperature dependence of dark matter production rates induced by the electroweak and strong phase transitions, and we discuss in detail the additional complications arising in the presence of s-channel resonances. We illustrate our approach in the context of Higgs portal models, and provide the most accurate calculation to date of the freeze-in abundance of Scalar Singlet dark matter. We explore in particular the case of small reheating temperatures, for which the couplings implied by the freeze-in mechanism may be testable at the LHC. Together with this article we present a major update 6.3 of DarkSUSY with the added capability of performing general freeze-in calculations, including all complications mentioned above.
Quality traits of plantation Eucalyptus nitens logs impacting volume and value recovery of structural sawn boards
Authors: Balasso Michelle , Hunt Mark , Jacobs Andrew , O’Reilly-Wapstra Julianne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlantations of Eucalyptus species are planted and grown worldwide for short rotations and with limited silvicultural treatments mostly to produce pulplogs for the pulp and paper industry. These resources could be used as raw material for construction timber, to support the increasing need of renewable resources from the building sector. To use fast-grown Eucalyptus logs as a source of sawn timber log grading standards are needed, which can be developed accounting for log characteristics impacting sawn timber recovery. This study aims to examine the quality of fast-grown Eucalyptus logs and relate relevant log quality traits to sawn timber characteristics. Wood quality and log characteristics of forty-nine fast-grown Eucalyptus logs and the characteristics and structural properties of 268 sawn boards milled from those logs were investigated. Significant differences were found in wood quality characteristics from logs sourced from different positions in the stem. However, sawn boards did not differ in their wood quality traits according to log position, which influenced only the amount and type of knots on the board surface and some structural properties. Moreover, log characteristics including volume, taper, log end splits and stiffness significantly impacted important board recovery traits. The results of this study show that log characteristics such as volume, taper, log end splits and stiffness should be accounted for in log grading standards seeking to grade fast-grown Eucalyptus resources for different product classes.
Fear of relapse in schizophrenia: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Zukowska Zofia , Allan Stephanie , Eisner Emily , Ling Li , Gumley Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Fears of relapse in people diagnosed with schizophrenia have long been recognised as an impediment to recovery and wellbeing. However, the extent of the empirical basis for the fear of relapse concept is unclear. A systematic review is required to collate available evidence and define future research directions.

Methods
A pre-registered systematic search (PROSPERO CRD42020196964) of four databases (PubMED, MEDLINE-Ovid, PsycINFO-Ovid, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted from their inception to 05/04/2021.

Results
We found nine eligible studies. Five were quantitative (4 descriptive and 1 randomised controlled trial), and four were qualitative. The available quantitative evidence suggests that fear of relapse may have concurrent positive relationships with depression (r = 0.72) and suicide ideation (r = 0.48), and negative relationship with self-esteem (r = 0.67). Qualitative synthesis suggests that fear of relapse is a complex phenomenon with behavioural and emotional components which has both direct and indirect effects on wellbeing.

Conclusions
Evidence in this area is limited and research with explicit service user and carer involvement is urgently needed to develop new and/or refine existing measurement tools, and to measure wellbeing rather than psychopathology. Nonetheless, clinicians should be aware that fear of relapse exists and appears to be positively associated with depression and suicide ideation, and negatively associated with self-esteem. Fear of relapse can include fears of losing personal autonomy and/or social/occupational functioning. It appears to impact carers as well as those diagnosed with schizophrenia.
The Feminisation U, cultural norms, and the plough
Authors: Uberti Luca J. , Douarin Elodie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Feminisation U describes the tendency of female labour force participation (FLFP) to first decline and then rise in the process of economic development. While the Feminisation U is often presented as a ‘stylised fact’ of development, empirical support for it is mixed. Here, we show that cultural norms inherited from ancestral plough use exert a moderating influence on the shape of the Feminisation U. Specifically, we find a significantly U-shaped path of FLFP only in countries whose ancestors employed a plough-based agricultural technology. The shape of the U-curve becomes progressively more muted as the share of a country's ancestors that practiced plough agriculture decreases. In countries with little or no legacy of historical plough use, the time path of FLFP is effectively flat. This pattern of results is robust to correcting for dynamic panel bias, instrumenting for per-capita income, and controlling for other potential effect modifiers. Our findings are compatible with a nuanced reading of the main theoretical models proposed in the literature to explain the Feminisation U.
Regime-switching empirical similarity model: a comparison with baseline models
Authors: Bahromov Jamol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I extend the standard specification of the empirical similarity (ES) model of Gilboa et al. (Rev Econ Stat 88:433–444, 2006) to account for changes in parameters. I implement this by allowing for a combination of component ES models in the spirit of Gaussian mixture models. The predictive power of the modified model, along with that of the standard specification, will be assessed and compared to the baseline models consisting of autoregressions and Markov-switching autoregressions within a simulation exercise. Finally, we also compare the predictive ability of models using data on quarterly US real GDP growth. The results indicate that in situations of a more complex regime-switching behavior and a moderate to high autocorrelation in series, modified ES model demonstrates a better empirical fit. In addition, results of the empirical example show that modified ES models can better predict more extreme observations.
Communicating Absolute Fracture Risk Reduction and the Acceptance of Treatment for Osteoporosis
Authors: Ralston Katherine A. P. , Phillips Jonathan , Krause Amrey , Hauser Barbara , Ralston Stuart H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealthcare professionals frequently communicate the benefits of treatments as a relative risk reduction (RRR) in the likelihood of an event occurring. Here we evaluated whether presenting the benefits of osteoporosis treatment as a RRR in fractures compared with an absolute risk reduction (ARR) changed the patient’s attitudes towards accepting treatment. We surveyed 160 individuals attending a specialised osteoporosis clinic for face-to-face consultations between May 2018 and Jan 2021. They were presented with information on RRR for the treatment being considered followed by ARR and after each question were asked about how likely they would be to start treatment on a 5-point scale (1 = very likely, 5 = very unlikely). Participants were less likely to accept treatment when it was presented as ARR (mean score 2.02 vs. 2.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI for difference − 0.82 vs − 0.47) and thirty-eight participants (23.7%) declined treatment with knowledge of their ARR when they would have accepted the same treatment based on the RRR. Individuals who declined treatment had a lower 5-year risk of fracture than those who accepted treatment (9.0 vs. 12.5%, p < 0.001, 95% CI − 5.0 to − 1.6) and as fracture risk decreased, the participant was less likely to accept treatment (Spearman r − 0.32, 95% CI − 0.46 to − 0.17, p ≤ 0.001). Whilst presentation of data as ARR more accurately reflects individual benefit and helps facilitate shared decision-making, clinicians should be aware that this will lead to a proportion of patients with lower fracture risk declining treatment for osteoporosis.
The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
Authors: Rumney Benjamin M. , Malik F. Tegwen , Morgan Siân R. , Parker Andrew R. , Holden Simon , Albon Julie , Lewis Philip N. , Meek Keith M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Skogsbergia lerneri is a marine ostracod which possesses a carapace that is both protective and transparent. Since development of this carapace and how it is maintained in the adult is not known, the aim of this investigation was to carry out an in-depth ultrastructural study of the ostracod carapace at different developmental stages. Standard transmission electron microscopy and novel serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) were undertaken to discern carapace ultrastructure in both two and three dimensions. Analysis revealed a carapace consisting of the same basic layer structure as other myodocopid ostracods, namely an epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle and membranous layer, but with a thinner adult carapace of mean thickness of 19.2 ± 1.78 µm, n = 5. The carapace layers, except for instar 1 ostracods, had similar relative proportions throughout development. The endocuticle and membranous layer thickened through advancing developmental stages due to an increase in calcified crystalline polyhedrons and a greater number of chitinous lamellae in the membranous layer. Crystalline polyhedron dimensions were significantly smaller near the boundary with the membranous layer. The borders between the carapace layers were indistinct; SBF-SEM revealed an abundance of epicuticle projections into the exocuticle and apparent gradual merging at the boundary of the exocuticle and the endocuticle. Here, we discuss how the S. lerneri carapace layer structure has evolved to serve a specific mechanical function, allowing surface protection and rigidity. In addition, we suggest that the lack of pigment and graduated layer boundaries contribute to the transparency of the carapace.
Establishment of prediction models of trapped sediment mass and total filtration efficiency of pre-pump micro-pressure filter
Authors: Li Qiao , Wu Zijing , Tao Hongfei , Aihemaiti Mahemujiang , Jiang Youwei , Yang Wenxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe filter before a pump is a key piece of equipment of a micro-irrigation system, which can ensure safe and stable operation. This paper examines a pre-pump micro-pressure filter, using the trapped sediment mass and total filtration efficiency as the assessment indicators. Orthogonal experiments of the physical model of the inlet flow, sediment content, water separator type, and filter area were conducted. The experimental results were processed by analysis of variance, dimensional analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The influences of the factors affecting the trapped sediment mass in descending order were the sediment content, filter area, water separator type, and inlet flow. The influences of the factors affecting the total filtration efficiency in descending order were the filter area, sediment content, water separator type, and inlet flow. While the water separator type significantly affected the trapped sediment mass and total filtration efficiency, the difference between the different treatments was insignificant. The prediction model for the trapped sediment mass (total filtration efficiency) was established with an R2 of 0.998 (0.889). Since the relative errors between the predicted and measured values were less than 6%, these models could produce accurate predictions. These results provide technical support for the structural optimization and filtration mechanism of the filter and advance the theory of micro-pressure filtration.
Prior residency improves the performance of a habitat specialist in a degrading environment
Authors: Poulos Davina E. , McCormick Mark I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of habitat loss on the decline of habitat specialists has been well documented in coral reef fishes, since they have a restricted habitat preference. However, the different competitive advantages of specialists and generalists can impact their performance within varying habitat conditions. The order in which species arrive into a community influences competitive outcomes; these ‘priority effects’ may modify communities within degrading resource scenarios as individuals migrate in search of higher quality resources. In this study, we investigated: how sequence and timing of arrival affects interactions between a habitat generalist and a specialist in healthy and degrading environments, and how prior residency interacts with habitat quality and species identity to affect propensity to migrate. We conducted manipulative field studies using the damselfishes Pomacentrus amboinensis, a habitat generalist, and Pomacentrus moluccensis, a live coral specialist, on live or dead coral habitats, with timing of arrival differing between early and late arrivers (residents and intruders, respectively) by 1, 3 or 24 h. Our results demonstrated that the strength of priority effects (i.e., aggression intensity) increased with increasing timing of arrival when the P. moluccensis arrived after P. amboinensis, suggesting that as the perceived value of the habitat patch increased (owing to increasing ownership duration and defence investment), the tendency to defend it increased. Propensity to migrate from dead to live coral was greater for P. moluccensis compared to P. amboinensis; however, arriving after P. amboinensis significantly reduced willingness to migrate to its preferred live coral habitat, indicating an inhibitory priority effect, directly affecting future persistence. The degree that ecological versatility and priority effects combine to modify competitive outcomes in coral reef fishes has important consequences for the persistence of specialist species in the face of environmental degradation, and has implications for predicting how our changing environment will affect fish communities.
Reliability index based strategy for the probability-damage approach in fail-safe design optimization (β-PDFSO)
Authors: Cid C. , Baldomir A. , Hernández S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research proposes a new formulation for fail-safe size optimization, considering the probability of occurrence of each failure scenario and the random structural parameters as sources of uncertainty. Essentially, the fail-safe reliability-based design optimization is reformulated, where the term “damaged structure” coalesces information of the whole set of damaged configurations. Thus, a single random reliability index is defined, representing the reliability of a limit-state of the damaged structure, which accounts for the safety level of the entire set of damaged configurations. The method provides the optimum design for which the reliability indices of the damaged structure are achieved at the confidence level the designer demands. The first application example corresponds to an academic analytical problem. The second and third application examples correspond to practical engineering cases: a 2D truss structure with stress constraints as well as the tail section of an aircraft fuselage with stress and buckling constraints. Results show a considerable reduction of the objective function compared to the fail-safe RBDO, which could lead to oversized designs. In this sense, mass savings up to 13.6% are achieved for the industrial-like application example.
Minor impacts of major volcanic eruptions on hurricanes in dynamically-downscaled last millennium simulations
Authors: Benton Brandon N. , Alessi Marc J. , Herrera Dimitris A. , Li Xiaolu , Carrillo Carlos M. , Ault Toby R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of volcanic eruptions on hurricane statistics are examined using two long simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Last Millennium Ensemble (LME). The first is an unforced control simulation, wherein all boundary conditions were held constant at their 850 CE values (LMEcontrol). The second is a “fully forced” simulation with time evolving radiative changes from volcanic, solar, and land use changes from 850 CE through present (LMEforced). Large tropical volcanic eruptions produce the greatest change in radiative forcing during this time period, which comprise the focus of this study. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to dynamically downscale 150 control years of LMEcontrol and an additional 84 years of LMEforced for all mid-latitude volcanic eruptions between 1100 and 1850 CE. This time period was selected based on computational considerations. For each eruption, 2 years are dynamically downscaled. 23 of these volcanic eruptions are in the Northern Hemisphere and 19 are in the Southern Hemisphere. The effectiveness of the downscaling methodology is examined by applying the same downscaling approach to historical ERA-I reanalysis data and comparing the downscaled storm tracks and intensities to the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database. Hurricane statistics are then computed from both the downscaled control and downscaled forced LME simulations. Results suggest moderate effects on hurricanes from the average of all northern hemisphere eruptions, with the largest effects being from the volcanoes with the most aerosol forcing. More specifically, reductions in hurricane frequency, intensity, and lifetime following northern hemisphere eruptions are apparent. Strong evidence is also shown for correlation between eruption strength and changes in these diagnostics. The aggregate effect from both northern and southern hemisphere eruptions is minor. While reductions in frequency, intensity, and lifetime from northern hemisphere eruptions occur, the opposite effect is observed from southern hemisphere eruptions.
Diet quality and physical or comprehensive frailty among older adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Kurotani Kayo , Yoshida Tsukasa , Nanri Hinako , Watanabe Yuya , Date Heiwa , Itoi Aya , Goto Chiho , Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Kimura Misaka , Miyachi Motohiko , Yamada Yosuke ,   Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
While the association between diet quality and mortality has been previously demonstrated, the association between frailty and diet quality has not been evaluated well. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and prevalence of both physical and comprehensive frailty, using two validated tools, in a community-based cohort of older adults.

Methods
We conducted cross-sectional analyses using baseline data of 7022 participants aged ≥ 65 years in the Kyoto-Kameoka study. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the adherence scores to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top using a validated questionnaire; the participants were stratified into quartile groups based on these scores. Physical and comprehensive frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype model-based Frailty Screening Index and the Kihon Checklist, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and the restricted cubic spline model were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between adherence scores and frailty prevalence.

Results
Higher adherence scores signified a higher intake of vitamin C, vegetables, dairy products, and fruits. Physical and comprehensive frailty prevalence was 14.2 and 35.8%, respectively. In a multivariable adjusted model, compared with the bottom adherence score quartile, the top quartile was associated with lower ORs of physical (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.80) and comprehensive frailty (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.51–0.71). These relationships were similar to results in the spline model.

Conclusions
This study shows an inverse dose–response relationship between diet quality and prevalence of both physical and comprehensive frailty in older adults.