bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological aspects of mean-field crystallographically resolved models
Authors: Kestens L.A.I. , Nguyen-Minh T. , Ochoa Avendaño J. , Ghiabakloo H. , Van Bael A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that the crystallographic texture of a polycrystalline aggregate can be represented by the Orientation Distribution Function (ODF). A similar statistical approach can be extended to other microstructural state variables that are of relevance in the context of obtaining microstructurally based and quantitatively accurate structure-properties relations. In principle such statistical representations are of a non-topological nature, in contrast to an RVE (Representative Volume Element) description of the microstructure. However, by including additional variables to the statistical descriptor specific features of the topology may be taken into account. In this paper the example will be shown on how the plastic anisotropy simulation of a conventional deep drawing grade of Interstitial Free (IF) steel can be improved by considering the crystallographic misorientation of pairs of neighboring crystals, which represent the basic structural units of the 2-point mean field ALAMEL crystal plasticity model. In another example it will be shown how the recrystallization texture of the same deep drawing IF steel can be modelled with improved accuracy if the Strain Induced Boundary Mechanism (SIBM) is taken into account whereby a crystal orientation of low stored energy grows into a neighboring orientation of high stored energy.
Tensile deformation-induced twinning in an austenitic low density steel over a wide range of temperature
Authors: Wang Hui , Liang Jiangxiong , Shi Zhiyue , Wang Cunyu , Zhang Xiaodan , Cao Wenquan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Fe30Mn11Al1CNbV low-density steel was processed by solid solution treatment and deformed at different temperatures from -196°C to +200°C by tensile testing. It was found that the deformation microstructure is mainly dominated by thin dislocation slip bands during tensile deformation, and deformation twinning was found near grain boundaries at a strain of 0.5, regardless of deformation temperature. The stacking fault energy is calculated by consideration of both chemical composition and the deformation temperature, which is high and normally should not initiate deformation twinning. However, deformation twinning is occasionally observed in the deformation microstructure at room temperature, and becomes to be one of the dominating features at liquid nitrogen temperature. Based on the analysis of work hardening and microstructure evolution, it is proposed that the deformation behaviour of the austenitic low density steel is controlled by the continuous thinning of dislocation slip bands at temperatures of 25°C and 200°C, but by a synergistic behaviour of slip bands and deformation twinning at -196°C.
Mechanics of accelerated strain hardening in harmonic-structure materials
Authors: Chatellier Joséphine , Sjögren-Levin Elis , Ameyama Kei , Orlov Dmytro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHarmonic-structure (HS) design is one of the most efficient in the family of architected gradient-structure materials recently attracting increasing attention in global material science community due to leading structural performance characteristics. This work studiesin situthe mechanics of plastic deformation in HS materials on the example of commercially pure nickel (Ni) during uniaxial tensile loading. It reveals that strain partitioning between ultrafine and coarse grain fractions in HS Ni commences already at early stages of plastic deformation. Slow accumulation of strain in the ultrafine-grain regions leads to the slow consumption of ductility resource, while accelerated accumulation of strain in the coarse-grain regions leads to an accelerated strain hardening. These effects combined with evolving variations of strain tensor components have synergetic effect leading to the unique plastic behaviour and excellent structural performance of HS materials.
A phase-field approach to study BCC precipitate evolution in FCC AlxCrFeNi medium entropy alloy including elastic effects
Authors: Zuo X , Moelans N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A phase-field approach is presented to simulate the evolution of a BCC precipitate in an FCC matrix for AlxCrFeNi based medium entropy systems. The CALPHAD composition dependence of the Gibbs energies and diffusion mobilities for this quaternary alloy are introduced in the model using ThermoCalc with TCHEA2 and MOBNI4 databases. Heterogeneous elastic properties are assumed for the FCC and BCC phase computed for the quaternary system. The effect of the elastic stresses due to lattice mismatch on precipitate shape, evolution and matrix composition is presented for a single BCC precipitate in and FCC matrix. We find that the elastic effects are considerable.
Origin of strain localization at twin boundary in Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Li X C , Wu Y N , Yang R , Zhang Z B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microscale strain evolution and mechanistic origin of strain localization of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion was investigated. Strain maps obtained by in-situ high resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC) demonstrate that localized dislocation activities and severe strain localization occur along the coherent twin boundaries (TBs). Such localized dislocation plasticity along TBs exhibits no dependency on the elastic anisotropy and the length of TBs, and the determining factor of the occurrence of localization is the maximum Schmid factor of the TBs. By employing correlative characterizations of TBs, γ″ precipitate and dislocation slip bands, it is found out that the precipitation of V-shaped γ″ along TBs incurs the formation of precipitates denuded zones, which takes the responsibility for localized plasticity and severe strain localization at TBs.
Lattice rotations during channel-die compression at high strain rates in copper single crystals of {110}<112>, {112}<111> and {123}<634> orientations
Authors: Mania I , Paul H , Chulist R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The microstructure and texture evolutions of high purity copper single crystals of Br(1-10)[112], C(112)[11-1] and S(346)[63-5] initial orientations were investigated to evaluate the influence of high strain rate on the intensity of twinning and shear banding. The samples were deformed up to 60% in a channel-die at a strain rate of 7 × 105 s-1 using explosive energy to propel the punch. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. High strain rates of deformation of C and S-oriented single crystals lead to massive deformation twinning. Despite the identification of three families of compact clusters of twins of two generations, the microstructure and texture of both single crystals are practically dominated by the twinning on only one co-planar slip plane. The common rotation of twin-matrix layers, within the narrow area, combined with deformation twinning in the re-oriented matrix are responsible for final SB texture formation. This mechanism contributes to the formation of orientations from the neighborhood of the {110}<100> orientation. The {110}<112> orientation, stable during deformation in channel-die in the range of ‘conventional’ strain rates, lost its stability giving rise to intense twinning and deformation bands across the deformed specimen.
Challenges related to tomographic reconstruction of 3D intragranular orientation fields in the presence of orientation relationships
Authors: Liu Z , Viganò N , Ludwig W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) is a near-field diffraction imaging technique to characterize the 3D shape and crystallographic orientation of grains within polycrystalline samples. The presence of orientation relationships as such encountered between Σ3n annealing twins found in Cu and Ni lead to systematic diffraction spot overlap, since a significant fraction of the lattice planes is shared between the parent and twin crystal lattices. If not correctly addressed, these overlaps will lead to artifacts in the individual grain reconstruction. In this paper we introduce a strategy for joint, tomographic reconstruction of Twin Related Domains (TRD) and cost function weights into DCT to improve the grain reconstruction quality. A large-grained polycrystalline sample made from pure Ni is used for testing this approach and its ability to reveal intragranular orientation gradients related to plastic strain localization at the onset of plastic deformation in this type of materials.
Effects of alloying, microstructure and texture on the strength–ductility trade-off in layered aluminum
Authors: Xia Y P , Wu H , Miao K S , Geng L , Fan G H , Yu T , Juul Jensen D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTailoring constituent layers can lead to improved mechanical properties of layered metals. In this work, we designed and fabricated two samples of layered Al. One sample with AA3003 and AA1060 layers and the other with only AA1060 layers. The effects of these designs on the deformation behaviors are revealed by in-situ monitoring of the local strain evolution. It was found that larger microstructural and textural variations can lead to a larger difference in transverse compressive strain between constituent layers under uniaxial tension, which indicates more significant defomation incompatibility and thus a larger strain gradient caused by the constraint effect. The effects of the texture on the transverse compressive strain levels was analysed by the Lankford values calculated by the visco-plastic self-consistent method. Furthermore, the fracture behaviors of the two samples are compared and discussed based on the cross-sectional fracture morphologies. This work illustrates the potential of tailoring layered metals for a superior strength–ductility combination.
Advanced time-resolved characterization of Stress Assisted Grain Boundary Oxidation of 718 Ni superalloy
Authors: Resende P D , Viganò N , Bardel D , Réthoré J , Ludwig W 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNickel superalloys are used for harsh condition application cases as they have high chemo-thermomechanical stability. However, they can suffer from embrittlement due to stress corrosion cracking. This effect is difficult to observe as it can take place at long time scales. Here we propose a feasible experiment to study stress assisted grain boundary oxidation, a phenomenon that has similar mechanisms involved that can take place in laboratory compatible time scales. We observed the event using phase and diffraction contrast tomography while applying monotonic loading of the sample at 650 °C. This initial analysis shows that the experimental setup is a good candidate for the study of such degradation mechanism.
Magnetoresistive behaviour of ternary Cu-based materials processed by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Kasalo M , Wurster S , Stückler M , Zawodzki M , Weissitsch L , Pippan R , Bachmaier A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Severe plastic deformation using high-pressure torsion of ternary Cu-based materials (CuFeCo and CuFeNi) was used to fabricate bulk samples with a nanocrystalline microstructure. The goal was to produce materials featuring the granular giant magnetoresistance effect, requiring interfaces between ferro- and nonmagnetic materials. This magnetic effect was found for both ternary systems; adequate subsequent annealing had a positive influence. The as-deformed states, as well as microstructural changes upon thermal treatments, were studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Deducing from electron microscopy, a single-phase structure was observed for all as-deformed samples, indicating the formation of a supersaturated solid solution. However, judging from the presence of the granular giant-magnetoresistive effect, small ferromagnetic particles have to be present. The highest drop in room temperature resistivity (2.45% at 1790 kA/m) was found in Cu62Fe19Ni19 after annealing for 1 h at 400 °C. Combining the results of classical microstructural studies and magnetic measurements, insights into the evolution of ferromagnetic particles are accessible.
Heterogeneous microstructure and failure analysis of yaw gear rings
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Pedersen Niels Leergaard , Klit Peder , Jensen Dorte Juul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The microstructure and hardness of two cracked and failed steel (42CrMo4) teeth from two different yaw rings have been investigated. It is shown that the surface quenching and tempering treatments introduce heterogeneous microstructures with a low-temperature tempered hard martensite surface layer and a high-temperature tempered matrix. This is common to both teeth, however, the gradient microstructure and hardness are different for these two yaw rings. It is suggested that this difference in gradient strongly affects cracking and failure. The failure mechanisms for the two teeth are discussed based on the microstructure and hardness analysis.
A CPFEM based theoretical analysis of strains resolved by the microstructural feature tracking method
Authors: Li R , Quey R , Zhang Y , Kobayashi M , Oddershede J , Juul Jensen D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, it is investigated how grain boundaries influence the local strain determination by the microstructural feature tracking (MFT) algorithm. In this method, tetrahedra are used as the strain calculation unit. We apply the MFT processing procedure on data obtained by a crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM) simulation to explore the uncertainties in the calculated strains caused by grain boundaries. Effects of tetrahedron types and radius ratios are discussed.
Microstructure and properties of cold-drawn Cu and Cu-Fe alloy wires
Authors: Yang Fei , Zhang Xiaodan , Fang Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Copper and Cu-Fe alloy wires were cold drawn at room temperature, and the microstructure and properties were characterized and analyzed. The results show that, at the same drawing strain, the strength and ductility of Cu-Fe wires are higher than those of copper wires. At a drawing strain of 4, the tensile elongation of Cu-Fe alloy wires is about 5%, much higher than 2% for pure copper wires. For Cu-Fe wires, with increasing drawing strain, the Fe phase is elongated along the drawing direction and forms a fiber structure with a <110> texture. In addition to the <111> and <100> fiber textures in the copper wire, a high-intensity of texture with a <112> orientation forms in Cu-Fe alloy wires. The ductility of the Cu-Fe alloy wires is greatly preserved due to dynamic recrystallization. Moreover, with the additional refining effect of nano-copper fibers in the Fe phase, the strength of the material is greatly improved.
Effect of annealing on microstructure in railway wheel steel
Authors: Nikas Dimitrios , Zhang Yubin , Ahlström Johan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Railway wheels are commonly made from medium carbon steels (~0.55 wt.% C), heat treated to a near pearlitic microstructure with 5–10% pro-eutectoid ferrite. During the operation of freight trains, where block brakes are used, high thermal loads occur together with the high contact stresses, which combined can affect the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, the effects of annealing on local microstructure and mechanical properties in pearlitic railway wheel steel were investigated using electron microscopy and micro-hardness. It is found that after annealing at 650 °C, the room temperature hardness reduces about 25%, accompanied by significant spheroidization of cementite in the pearlitic colonies, though the size and the orientation gradients of the pearlitic colonies have not changed much. The relationship between the microstructural changes and the mechanical properties are discussed.
Importance of Microstructure on Precipitation in Tempering of Martensitic Steels
Authors: Hou Z , Babu R P , Zhang L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Precipitation hardening is one of most effective strengthening mechanisms in steels, and much research has been performed in the past. To evaluate the contribution of precipitates, the quantitative features of precipitates including mean size and particle size distribution etc., are vital and needed. However, the predictive modeling of precipitation is still a challenge so far, especially on a quantitative level. Thus, in the present work, precipitation of carbides after tempering of martensitic Fe-Cr-C alloys, consisting of hierarchically arranged substructures within the prior-austenite grains, namely packets and blocks of individual laths, up to 1000h has been investigated. Experimental measurements using electron microscopy and modeling using a Langer-Schwartz theory with the Kampmann-Wagner -Numerical (KWN) method have been conducted. The importance of a proper definition of the initial microstructure for predictive modeling is discussed, in terms of the comparison of calculated and experimental results.
Characterization of zinc uptake and translocation visualized with positron-emitting 65Zn tracer and analysis of transport-related gene expression in two Lotus japonicus accessions
Authors: Noda Yusaku , Furukawa Jun , Suzui Nobuo , Yin Yong-Gen , Matsuoka Keita , Kawachi Naoki , Satoh Shinobu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for humans and plants. However, Zn deficiency is widespread and 25 % of the world’s population is at risk of Zn deficiency. To overcome the deficiency of Zn intake, crops with high Zn content are required. However, most crop-producing areas have Zn-deficient soils, therefore crops with excellent Zn uptake/transport characteristics (i.e. high Zn efficiency) are needed. Our objective was to identify the crucial factors responsible for high Zn efficiency in the legume Lotus japonicus.

Methods
We evaluated Zn efficiency by static and real-time visualization of radioactive Zn (65Zn) uptake/transport in two L. japonicus accessions, MG-20 and B-129, that differ in Zn efficiency. The combination of visualization methods verified the dynamics of Zn accumulation and transport within the plant. We compared gene expression under a normal Zn concentration (control) and Zn deficiency to evaluate genetic factors that may determine the differential Zn efficiency of the accessions.

Key Results
The accession B-129 accumulated almost twice the amount of Zn as MG-20. In the static 65Zn images, 65Zn accumulated in meristematic tissues, such as root tips and the shoot apex, in both accessions. The positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS), which follows the transport process in real time, revealed that 65Zn transport to the shoot was more rapid in B-129 than in MG-20. Many genes associated with Zn uptake and transport were more highly expressed in B-129 than in MG-20 under the control condition. These gene expression patterns under Zn deficiency differed from those under the control Zn condition.

Conclusions
PETIS confirmed that the real-time transport of 65Zn to the shoot was faster in B-129 than in MG-20. The high Zn efficiency of B-129 may be due to the elevated expression of a suite of Zn uptake- and transport-related genes.
Detection of orthologous exons and isoforms using EGIO
Authors: Ma Jinfa , Wu Jane Y , Zhu Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationAlternative splicing is an important mechanism to generate transcriptomic and phenotypic diversity. Existing methods have limited power to detect orthologous isoforms.ResultsWe develop a new method, EGIO, to detect orthologous exons and orthologous isoforms from two species. EGIO uses unique exonic regions to construct exon groups, in which process dynamic programming strategy is used to do exon alignment. EGIO could cover all the coding exons within orthologous genes. A comparison between EGIO and ExTraMapper shows that EGIO could detect more orthologous isoforms with conserved sequence and exon structures. We apply EGIO to compare human and chimpanzee protein-coding isoforms expressed in the frontal cortex and identify 6912 genes that express human unique isoforms. Unexpectedly, more human unique isoforms are detected than those conserved between humans and chimpanzees.Availability and implementationSource code and test data of EGIO are available at https://github.com/wu-lab-egio/EGIO.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Associations between isoflavone exposure and reproductive damage in adult males: evidence from human and model system studies
Authors: Yang Wang , Deng Jiuyang , Gao Jianfang , Yang Huan , Chen Qing , Niya Zhou , Ling Xi , Zhang Guowei , Zou Peng , Sun Lei , Huang Linping , Liu Jinyi , Cao Jia , Ao Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is controversial whether exposure to isoflavones exerts male reproductive toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether isoflavone exposure during adulthood could have deleterious impacts on male reproductive health by the cross-sectional study, animal experiments, and in vitro tests. In the cross-sectional study, we observed that urinary isoflavones were not significantly associated with semen quality including sperm concentrations, sperm count, progressive motility, and total motility, respectively. However, negative associations were found between plasma testosterone and urinary Σisoflavones, genistein, glycitein, and dihydrodaidzein. In the animal experiments, serum and intratesticular testosterone levels were decreased in mice exposed to several dosages of genistein. Genistein administration caused upregulation of estrogen receptor alpha and downregulation of cytochrome P45017A1 protein levels in testes of mice. In vitro tests showed that genistein caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of testosterone production by TM3 Leydig cells. Elevated protein expression of estrogen receptor alpha and decreased messenger RNA/protein level of cytochrome P45017A1 were also observed in genistein-treated cells. Protein level of cytochrome P45017A1 and testosterone concentration were significantly restored in the estrogen receptor alpha small interferring RNA-transfected cells, compared to cells that treated with genistein alone. The results demonstrate that exposure to isoflavones during adulthood may be associated with alterations of reproductive hormones. Particularly, genistein, which inhibits testosterone biosynthesis through upregulation of estrogen receptor alpha in Leydig cells of mice, might induce the disruption of testosterone production in human. The present study provides novel perspective into potential targets for male reproductive compromise induced by isoflavone exposure.