bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klein–Gordon particles in Gödel-type Som-Raychaudhuri cosmic string spacetime and the phenomenon of spacetime associated degeneracies
Authors: Mustafa Omar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We argue that only exact, comprehensive, and explicit solutions for the fundamental quantum mechanical models (i.e., the Klein–Gordon (KG) oscillators and the KG-Coulomb) would help to understand and describe the effects of gravitational fields on the dynamics of such systems. In the current methodical proposal, the effects of the gravitational fields generated by a Gödel-type Som-Raychaudhuri (SR) cosmic string spacetime on KG-oscillators (KG-particles in general) are studied and reported. In so doing, we revisit the KG-oscillators in a topologically trivial Gödel-type spacetime background and use textbook procedures to report its exact solution that covers even and odd parities. Next, we discuss the drawbacks associated with the power series expansion approach that implies the biconfluent Heun functions/polynomials solution. We, therefore, recollect the so called pseudo perturbative shifted ℓ expansion technique (PSLET) as an alternative and more sophisticated method/technique. Illustrative examples are used: (i) a KG-oscillator in a topologically trivial Gödel-type spacetime, (ii) a quasi-free KG-oscillator in Gödel SR-type cosmic string spacetime, (iii) a KG-Coulombic particle in Gödel SR-type cosmic string spacetime at zero vorticity, and (iv) a massless KG-particle in Gödel SR-type cosmic string spacetime in a Cornell-type Lorentz scalar potential. The corresponding exact energies are obtained from the zeroth (leading) order correction of PSLET, where all higher order correction identically vanish. The comprehensive exactness of the reported solutions manifestly suggest degeneracies associated with spacetime (STAD) phenomenon.
Modulation effect of mouse hippocampal neural oscillations by closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation
Authors: Dong Shuxun , Yan Jiaqing , Xie Zhenyu , Yuan Yi , Ji Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can be applied at a specific time according to the state of neural activity to achieve timely and precise neuromodulation and improve the modulation effect. In a previous study, we found that closed-loop TUS at the peaks and troughs of the theta rhythm in the mouse hippocampus was able to increase the absolute power and decrease the relative power of the theta rhythm of local field potentials (LFPs) independent of the peaks and troughs of the stimulus. However, it remained unclear whether the modulation effect of this closed-loop TUS-induced mouse hippocampal neural oscillation depended on the peaks and troughs of the theta rhythm. Approach. In this study, we used ultrasound with different stimulation modes and durations to stimulate the peaks (peak stimulation) and troughs (trough stimulation) of the hippocampal theta rhythm. The LFPs in the area of ultrasound stimulation were recorded and the amplitudes and power spectra of the theta rhythm before and after ultrasound stimulation were analyzed. Main results. The results showed that (a) the relative change in amplitude of theta rhythm decreases as the number of stimulation trials under peak stimulation increases; (b) the relative change in the absolute power of the theta rhythm decreases as the number of stimulation trials under peak stimulation increases; (c) the relative change in amplitude of the theta rhythm increases nonlinearly with the stimulation duration (SD) under peak stimulation, and; (d) the relative change in absolute power exhibits a nonlinear increase with SD under peak stimulation. Significance. These results suggest that the modulation effect of closed-loop TUS on theta rhythm is dependent on the stimulation mode and duration under peak stimulation. TUS has the potential to precisely modulate theta rhythm-related neural activity.
More people too poor to move: divergent effects of climate change on global migration patterns
Authors: Rikani Albano , Otto Christian , Levermann Anders , Schewe Jacob 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The observed temperature increase due to anthropogenic carbon emissions has impacted economies worldwide. National income levels in origin and destination countries influence international migration. Emigration is relatively low not only from high income countries but also from very poor regions, which is explained in current migration theory by credit constraints and lower average education levels, among other reasons. These relationships suggest a potential non-linear, indirect effect of climate change on migration through this indirect channel. Here we explore this effect through a counterfactual analysis using observational data and a simple model of migration. We show that a world without climate change would have seen less migration during the past 30 years, but that this effect is strongly reduced due to inhibited mobility. Our framework suggests that migration within the Global South has been strongly reduced because these countries have seen less economic growth than they would have experienced without climate change. Importantly, climate change has impacted international migration in the richer and poorer parts of the world very differently. In the future, climate change may keep increasing global migration as it slows down countries’ transition across the middle-income range associated with the highest emigration rates.
How global change impacted the rise and fall of the Guge Kingdom
Authors: Han Likun , Wang Xunming , Hao Zhixin , Zheng Jingyun , Li Danfeng , Geng Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Climate changes and its influences on human society are of increasing concern in science communities. Based on the reconstructed climate data and CENTURY model, we simulated net primary productivity of grassland and the grain yield of highland barley during the pre-industrial millennium in Ali Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. It showed that the variation of precipitation and temperature together affected the fluctuation of land productivity. Wavelet analysis results showed that the land productivity in Ali fluctuated within main periodic bands of 180 yr. We found that the rise and falls of the Guge Kingdom in Ali was synchronic with the fluctuation of land productivity, and the collapse of the Guge Kingdom was obviously related to the sudden change of climate in the 17th century, which turned dry and cold. By combining with historical studies, this study further proposes the mechanism of land productivity fluctuation under climate change on Guge Kingdom. Our findings are helpful to understand the relationship between climate change and social vulnerability, especially providing a typical case study of ancient plateau countries.
Why Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation has emerged since the mid-20th century
Authors: Jin Chunhan , Wang Bin , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation (PQDO) is one component of the multi-time-scale tropical Pacific decadal variability, with a variability center in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP). PQDO has emerged since the 1950s and has a significant impact on decadal climate variability over Asia and North America and Pacific storms. However, why it has intensified since the 1950s remains unknown. Here we test two competing hypotheses, (1) 11-year solar cycle forcing and (2) internal variability arising from El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) asymmetry, by analyzing simulation results, including one fixed-forcing control (CTRL) experiment and four sensitive experiments with millennial spectral solar irradiance (SSI), obtained from the Community Earth System Model–Last Millennium Ensemble modeling project. The four-member ensemble-averaged SSI experiments suggest that 11-year solar irradiance forcing cannot excite PQDO without stratospheric amplification of solar forcing. By analyzing 144 years of observations and the CTRL experiment, we find that the PQDO is nonstationary, and consecutive La Niña-induced decadal variability can boost PQDO in the ECP. El Niño could induce decadal ENSO signals in the NINO3.4 region but not in PQDO regions. The negative phase of PQDO tends to follow the occurrence of multi-year La Niña. We suggest that the emergence of PQDO since the 1950s is mainly due to the increase in multi-year La Niña events.
Gauge theoretic approach to (ordinary) gravity and its fuzzy extensions in three and four dimensions
Authors: Manolakos G , Manousselis P , Roumelioti D , Stefas S , Zoupanos G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the prospect to discuss the construction of fuzzy gravity theories based on the gauge-theoretic approach of ordinary gravity, in the present article we review first the latter in three and four dimensions and then, after recalling the formulation of gauge theories on noncommutative spaces, we present in detail the construction of fuzzy gravity theories in three and four dimensions, as matrix models.
The impact of clinical pharmacist integration in a community rheumatology clinic
Authors: Sandhu Vaneet Kaur , Tuico Alexa , Hum Jennifer , Zachary Bishoy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the benefits of pharmacist integration into a community rheumatology clinic in terms of clinical outcomes, patient and provider satisfaction, and clinic time efficiency.

Methods
A 6-month study was conducted at a community rheumatology clinic to compare clinical and patient and provider satisfaction outcomes before and after a clinical pharmacist (CP) was integrated into the clinic staff to assist with providing medication counseling, ordering and monitoring laboratory tests, monitoring adverse effects and medication adherence, and titrating medication doses. The primary outcome was the change in Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID-3) scores from baseline to 3 and 6 months after CP integration. Secondary outcomes included the change in monthly pain scores from baseline to 6 months, the change in patient satisfaction scores from baseline to 6 months, and time saved for the rheumatology providers after pharmacist integration into the clinic.

Results
The mean difference in RAPID-3 scores from baseline to 3 months (N = 55) was an improvement of 5.58 points (P &lt; 0.001), while the mean change in weighted RAPID-3 scores was an improvement of 1.87 (P &lt; 0.001). The mean change in RAPID-3 scores from baseline to 6 months (n = 25) was an improvement of 5.13 (P = 0.003), and the mean change in weighted RAPID-3 scores was 1.78 (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
The results of this quality improvement project suggest that the integration of a CP in the rheumatology clinic improved patient-reported outcomes, as quantified by patients’ pain scores and RAPID-3 scores. The integration of the CP also appeared to enhance patient and provider satisfaction.
Description of a Novel Web-Based Liposuction System to Estimate Fat Volume and Distribution
Authors: Harutyunyan Robert , Gilardino Mirko S , Wu Yichen , Jeffries Sean D , Hemmerling Thomas M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Preoperative planning for liposuction is vital to ensure safe practice and patient satisfaction. However, current standards of fat assessment before surgery are guided by subjective methods such as visual inspection, skin-pinch tests, and waist circumference measurements.

Objectives
This study aimed to develop an inexpensive software-based tool that utilizes ultrasound (US) imaging and an online platform to accurately simulate regional subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution and safe volume estimation for liposuction procedures.

Methods
The authors present a web-based platform with integrated 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) simulations of SAT to support liposuction planning and execution. SAT-Map was constructed using multiple sub-applications linked with the python framework programming language (Wilmington, DE).

Results
The SAT-Map interface provides an intuitive and fluid means of generating patient-specific models and volumetric data. To further accommodate this, an operational manual was prepared to achieve consistent visualization and examination of estimated SAT content. The system currently supports static 2D heatmap simulation and 3D interactive virtual modelling of the SAT distribution. Supplementary clinical studies are needed to evaluate SAT-Map's clinical performance and practicality.

Conclusions
SAT-Map revolutionizes the concept of preoperative planning for liposuction by developing the first combined web-based software that objectively simulates fat distribution and measures safe liposuction volume. Our software approach presents a cost-efficient, accessible, and user-friendly system offering multiple advantages over current SAT assessment modalities. The immediacy of clinically accurate 3D virtual simulation provides objective support to surgeons towards improving patient conversation, outcomes, and satisfaction in liposuction procedures.
Species delimitation in Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) complex (Teleostei: Characidae) from three hydrographic basins
Authors: Gavazzoni Mariane , Pavanelli Carla S , Graça Weferson J , De Oliveira Ezequiel A , Moreira-Filho Orlando , Margarido Vladimir P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Psalidodon fasciatus is a complex of several fish species widely distributed in Brazilian hydrographic systems that share morphological characteristics and show a high taxonomic complexity and genetic variability. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were carried out in populations from three Brazilian hydrographic basins, aiming to contribute to systematic and biogeographical knowledge of the group. The chromosomal markers verified the occurrence of species-specific characters and indicated the existence of six distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs): P. fasciatus (São Francisco River basin), Psalidodon sp. 1, Psalidodon sp. 2 and Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Uruguay River basin); and Psalidodon sp. 3 and Psalidodon sp. 4 (Paraná River basin). The chromosomal markers showed more similarities among species from the Uruguay River and São Francisco River basins. DNA barcoding analyses (assemble species by automatic partitioning, neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony) indicated the existence of at least three distinct OTUs. The chromosomal evolution rates were demonstrated to be higher than the molecular evolution rates, reinforcing the importance of using chromosomal markers to delimit OTUs in integrative taxonomy studies. These results suggest that the São Francisco River Basin population (the type locality) should be considered as true P. fasciatus, and the others, until now treated as Psalidodon aff. fasciatus, are cryptic species.
Understanding Local Adaptation to Prepare Populations for Climate Change
Authors: Meek Mariah H , Beever Erik A , Barbosa Soraia , Fitzpatrick Sarah W , Fletcher Nicholas K , Mittan-Moreau Cinnamon S , Reid Brendan N , Campbell-Staton Shane C , Green Nancy F , Hellmann Jessica J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adaptation within species to local environments is widespread in nature. Better understanding this local adaptation is critical to conserving biodiversity. However, conservation practices can rely on species’ trait averages or can broadly assume homogeneity across the range to inform management. Recent methodological advances for studying local adaptation provide the opportunity to fine-tune efforts for managing and conserving species. The implementation of these advances will allow us to better identify populations at greatest risk of decline because of climate change, as well as highlighting possible strategies for improving the likelihood of population persistence amid climate change. In the present article, we review recent advances in the study of local adaptation and highlight ways these tools can be applied in conservation efforts. Cutting-edge tools are available to help better identify and characterize local adaptation. Indeed, increased incorporation of local adaptation in management decisions may help meet the imminent demands of managing species amid a rapidly changing world.
A metapopulation model reveals connectivity-driven hotspots in treatment resistance evolution in a marine parasite
Authors: Coates Andrew , Robinson Nick , Dempster Tim , Samsing Francisca , Johnsen Ingrid , Phillips Ben L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In salmon aquaculture, the sustainable management of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is limited by the adaptive capacity of the parasite. This is evident in the repeated evolution of pesticide resistance in the salmon louse population. To better prepare for resistance, we constructed a numerical metapopulation model that predicts the evolutionary dynamics of lice across an interconnected farm network. This model integrates within-farm population dynamics and between-farm louse dispersal, the latter using outputs from a state-of-the-art particle-tracking model. Distinct from previous metapopulation models, it also simulates spatial and temporal genetic variation arising from selection. The model was parameterized to simulate the evolution of resistance to the pesticide azamethiphos on farms in southern Norway. It successfully reproduced the rapid (within 10 years) evolution of azamethiphos resistance following extensive delousing treatments. It also identified strong spatial patterns in resistance, with regions of high farm connectivity being potential hotspots of louse adaptation. Rates of infestation and evolution were significantly reduced when highly connected farms were excluded from the simulation, compared to when low-connectivity or random sites were excluded. This model can be a valuable tool for coordinating pest management at a regional scale, in a way that slows or prevents the spread of resistance.
A survey exploring the barriers and drivers to leader and leadership development of the pharmacy workforce: a focus on advanced practice
Authors: Gondongwe X D , Jani Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Developing professional leadership skills is one of the workforce development goals of the International Pharmaceutical Federation1. Leadership is identified as an essential domain in advanced practice curricula for pharmacists in the United Kingdom2. The National Health Service People Plan recognises that leadership training and development can maximise productivity and shape a positive culture, which is essential for provision of 21st century healthcare3. However, leader and leadership development remain under-researched within the pharmacy profession.

Aim
To describe pharmacist leadership training experience and perceptions of barriers and drivers to leader and leadership development.

Methods
An online survey was developed, piloted, and distributed to 105 pharmacists at a single, tertiary care, acute hospital organisation in the UK between August and October 2020. The survey consisted of Likert scale questions relating to importance of leadership competencies, personal leadership qualities, barrier, and drivers to pharmacist leadership development. Quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel®. The study formed part of a local pharmacy service education and training service evaluation and review. Therefore, in accordance with the Health Research Authority toolkit NHS ethical approval was not required.

Results
The survey was completed by 39 pharmacists, providing a 37.1% response rate. Almost three quarters of pharmacists did not have leadership training. Over half the pharmacists surveyed identified leadership development as essential for career progression (n=26, 66.6%) and to improve performance in their current role (n=23, 59.0%). A key driver was support from line managers or work colleagues (n=28, 71.8%). Pharmacists reported workload (n = 19, 48.7%), not being valued (n=16, 41.0%) and lack of access or opportunity to work at strategic level (n= 14, 35.9%) as barriers to pharmacy leadership development.

Discussion/Conclusion
This is the first survey of pharmacist leadership development among pharmacists working in the hospital setting in the UK. Improving performance in current role and career development were identified as key drivers for pharmacist leadership development while workload and lack of access or opportunity of working at strategic levels were identified as key barriers.

References
1. Leadership Development [Internet]. FIP Development Goals. [cited 2022 Apr 14]. Available from: https://developmentgoals.fip.org/dg6/
2. RPS Advanced Pharmacy Framework.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 10]. Available from: https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/RPS%20document%20library/Open%20access/Frameworks/RPS%20Advanced%20Pharmacy%20Framework.pdf
3. NHS England » NHS People Plan [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/ournhspeople/
A service evaluation of patient care relating toClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation
Authors: Katsiroumpas E , Dunsmure L , Lim R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The bacterium Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) frequently colonises the human intestine. In an adult who is healthy, this organism is relatively harmless. However, disruption of the normal gut flora, which is frequently brought on by the use of antibiotics, can result in Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI). As a result, C. difficile can grow and produce a toxin that causes diarrhoea. Due to the ease with which C. difficile can be spread in healthcare environments, it is essential to recognise and treat CDI patients as soon as possible and in accordance with best practises.

Aim
This service evaluation aimed to explore and understand how adult inpatients presenting with diarrhoea where (CDI is suspected are managed according to Trust Clostridioides difficile guidelines.

Methods
Purposive sampling of up to 100 adult inpatients presenting with diarrhoea where C. difficile is suspected and the patient has been an in-patient for least 48 hours post sample request. A data collection tool was developed, pilot tested and used to collect patient data from the Oxford University Hospital's Electronic Prescribing Record. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) that involved 1) Identifying and describing key functions relating to the management of patients 2) Identifying variability in performing key functions and 3) Determine the possibility of function resonance. Ethical approval was obtained from University of Reading.

Results
Fifty patient records were accessed. The results showed that many patients had a stool sample sent for review as soon as possible, a clinical review of their condition and where there was the absence of a strong suspicion or strong evidence of C. Difficile a delay in the initiation of empirical therapy. Documentation was an area with poor compliance to guidelines. 50 % had a Bristol stool chart completed before sample sent and after CDI suspected, 60 % had isolation of the patient documented, 47 % had placement of contact precautions documented, and 20 % had documentation of discontinuation of empirical therapy. A FRAM model was developed and a total of 14 functions were identified with three functions “Record Bristol stool charts”, “clinical review of the patient”, and “placement of contact precautions” being most connected to the other functions, demonstrating the significance of these functions in the management of patients who are suspected of having CDI.

Discussion/Conclusion
The three key tasks outlined by FRAM are important to ensure that provide patients with the best care. Understanding variability in how the functions identified in FRAM are performed is important to understand how work is performed in order to then design ways of working that benefits both patients and HCPs. Further work is required to explore this area.