bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frail patients having vascular surgery during the early COVID‐19 pandemic experienced high rates of adverse perioperative events and amputation
Authors:   Australian and New Zealand Vascular Trial Network (ANZVTN), Aitken Sarah J. , Allard Bernard , Altaf Nishath , Atkinson Noel , Aziz Omar , Battersby Ruth , Benson Ruth , Chambers Jennifer L. , Charlton Gabriella , Coleman Chloe , Dawson Joseph A. , Dean Anastasia , Dhal Bedanta S. , Fitridge Robert , Gan John , Hanna Joseph , Hattam Andrew T. , Hein Martin , Hon Kay , Khoo Samantha , Kilby Joseph , Kuang Beatrice , Leong Kai Wen , Lim Eunice , Liu Ju‐wei N. , McClure David N. , Mehta Shreya , Moss Jana‐Lee , Muller Juanita , Musicki Korana , Nandhra Sandip , Papanikolas Michael J , Pineda Fernando Picazo , Pond Franklin , Ravintharan Nandhini , Richards Toby , Saeed Hani , Selvaraj Christopher N. , Singh Gurkirat , Sivakumaran Yogeesan , Stavert Bethany M. , Suthers Elizabeth , Tang Robert , Varley Vincent C. , Vasudevan Thodur M. , Vo Uyen G. , Wagner Timothy , Wang Judy , Wong Jackie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty predicts adverse perioperative outcomes and increased mortality in patients having vascular surgery. Frailty assessment is a potential tool to inform resource allocation, and shared decision‐making about vascular surgery in the resource constrained COVID‐19 pandemic environment. This cohort study describes the prevalence of frailty in patients having vascular surgery and the association between frailty, mortality and perioperative outcomes.MethodsThe COVID‐19 Vascular Service in Australia (COVER‐AU) prospective cohort study evaluates 30‐day and six‐month outcomes for consecutive patients having vascular surgery in 11 Australian vascular units, March–July 2020. The primary outcome was mortality, with secondary outcomes procedure‐related outcomes and hospital utilization. Frailty was assessed using the nine‐point visual Clinical Frailty Score, scores of 5 or more considered frail.ResultsOf the 917 patients enrolled, 203 were frail (22.1%). The 30 day and 6 month mortality was 2.0% (n = 20) and 5.9% (n = 35) respectively with no significant difference between frail and non‐frail patients (OR 1.68, 95%CI 0.79–3.54). However, frail patients stayed longer in hospital, had more perioperative complications, and were more likely to be readmitted or have a reoperation when compared to non‐frail patients. At 6 months, frail patients had twice the odds of major amputation compared to non‐frail patients, after adjustment (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.17–3.78), driven by a high rate of amputation during the period of reduced surgical activity.ConclusionOur findings highlight that older, frail patients, experience potentially preventable adverse outcomes and there is a need for targeted interventions to optimize care, especially in times of healthcare stress.
Analysis of surgical mortality in rural South Australia: a review of four major rural hospital in South Australia
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Ting Ying Yang , Trochsler Markus , Reid Jessica , Anthony Adrian , Maddern Guy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne‐third of Australia's population reside in rural and remote areas. This audit aims to describe all‐causes of mortality in rural general surgical patients, and identify areas of improvement.MethodsThis is a retrospective multi‐centre study involving four South Australian hospitals (Mt Gambier, Whyalla, Port Augusta, and Port Lincoln). All general surgical inpatients admitted from June 2014 to September 2019 were analysed to identify all‐cause of mortality.ResultsA total of 80 mortalities were recorded out of 26 996 admissions. The overall mortality rate of 0.3% was the same as the 2020 Victorian state‐wide Audit of Surgical Mortality. No mortality was secondary to trauma. Mean age was 79 ± 11 years and ASA was 3.9 ± 1. Malignancy was associated in over a third of cases (41.2%), mostly colorectal and pancreatic. Most cases were related to general surgical subspecialties: colorectal (51.3%), upper gastrointestinal (21.3%), hepatopancreaticobiliary (13.8%); however, there were also vascular (6.3%) and urology (3.8%) cases. The most common causes of mortality were large bowel obstruction (13.4%), ischemic bowel (10.4%), and small bowel obstruction (7.5%). Majority of mortality were beyond the surgeon's control (73.8%). Of the 21 potentially preventable mortalities, 42.9% were attributed to aspiration pneumonia and decompensated heart failure. Only one (1.3%) mortality case was due to pulmonary embolism.ConclusionRural general surgical mortalities occur in older, comorbid patients. Rural surgeons should be equipped to manage basic subspeciality conditions. To further reduce mortalities, clear protocols to prevent aspiration pneumonia and resuscitation associated fluid overload are needed.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are burdened with multimorbidity and medication use independent of body mass index at late fertile age: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kujanpää Linda , Arffman Riikka K. , Pesonen Paula , Korhonen Elisa , Karjula Salla , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Franks Stephen , Tapanainen Juha S. , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Piltonen Terhi T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis population‐based follow‐up study investigated the comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare services among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at age 46 years.Material and methodsThe study population derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and consisted of women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or a PCOS diagnosis by age 46 years (n = 246) and controls without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1573), referred to as non‐PCOS women. The main outcome measures were self‐reported data on symptoms, diagnosed diseases, and medication and healthcare service use at the age of 46 years.ResultsOverall morbidity risk was increased by 35% (risk ratio [RR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.57) and medication use by 27% [RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50) compared with non‐PCOS women, and the risk remained after adjusting for body mass index. Diagnoses with increased prevalence in women with PCOS were migraine, hypertension, tendinitis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and endometriosis. PCOS was also associated with autoimmune diseases and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and symptoms. Interestingly, healthcare service use did not differ between the study groups after adjusting for body mass index.ConclusionsWomen with PCOS are burdened with multimorbidity and higher medication use, independent of body mass index.
Formant‐invariant voice and pitch representations are pre‐attentively formed from constantly varying speech and non‐speech stimuli
Authors: Di Dona Giuseppe , Scaltritti Michele , Sulpizio Simone 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated whether listeners can form abstract voice representations while ignoring constantly changing phonological information and if they can use the resulting information to facilitate voice change detection. Further, the study aimed at understanding whether the use of abstraction is restricted to the speech domain or can be deployed also in non‐speech contexts. We ran an electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment including one passive and one active oddball task, each featuring a speech and a rotated speech condition. In the speech condition, participants heard constantly changing vowels uttered by a male speaker (standard stimuli) which were infrequently replaced by vowels uttered by a female speaker with higher pitch (deviant stimuli). In the rotated speech condition, participants heard rotated vowels, in which the natural formant structure of speech was disrupted. In the passive task, the mismatch negativity was elicited after the presentation of the deviant voice in both conditions, indicating that listeners could successfully group together different stimuli into a formant‐invariant voice representation. In the active task, participants showed shorter reaction times (RTs), higher accuracy and a larger P3b in the speech condition with respect to the rotated speech condition. Results showed that whereas at a pre‐attentive level the cognitive system can track pitch regularities while presumably ignoring constantly changing formant information both in speech and in rotated speech, at an attentive level the use of such information is facilitated for speech. This facilitation was also testified by a stronger synchronisation in the theta band (4–7 Hz), potentially pointing towards differences in encoding/retrieval processes.
Evaluation of carbon nanotubes‐hydroxyapatite nanocomposites as bioactive implant coats radiated by near infrared laser
Authors: Ibrahim Yomna , Kamoun Elbadawy , Abdel Moaty Maha , Mohy El Din Mona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate carbon nanotubes‐hydroxyapatite nanocomposites as bioactive titanium implant coats and to assess the effect of near‐infrared radiation on these nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes were acid‐functionalized, and hydroxyapatite was prepared by the wet‐chemical precipitation method. Both precursors were used to prepare the carbon nanotubes‐hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in two concentrations of hydroxyapatite (0.5 and 1 wt.%). The formed nanocomposites were characterized and used to coat silanized titanium discs and cylinders. Half the specimens of each group were radiated by near‐infrared laser, then wettability and shear bond strength were tested for all specimens. Bioactivity was tested by monitoring the formation of calcium phosphate compounds after soaking in simulated body fluid. A significant increase in wettability and bond strength was found in the radiated coats compared to the non‐radiated ones with the 1% hydroxyapatite group showing the highest values followed by 0.5% hydroxyapatite then the carbon nanotubes group. The two‐way ANOVA test showed that both the difference in material and the laser treatment have had a statistically significant contribution to the increase in wettability and bond strength. The radiated groups also contributed to the formation of more calcium phosphate crystals of larger sizes and higher degrees of crystallinity.
Untangling social–ecological interactions: A methods portfolio approach to tackling contemporary sustainability challenges in fisheries
Authors: Lindkvist Emilie , Pellowe Kara E. , Alexander Steven M. , Drury O'Neill Elizabeth , Finkbeiner Elena M. , Girón‐Nava Alfredo , González‐Mon Blanca , Johnson Andrew F. , Pittman Jeremy , Schill Caroline , Wijermans Nanda , Bodin Örjan , Gelcich Stefan , Glaser Marion 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeeting the objectives of sustainable fisheries management requires attention to the complex interactions between humans, institutions and ecosystems that give rise to fishery outcomes. Traditional approaches to studying fisheries often do not fully capture, nor focus on these complex interactions between people and ecosystems. Despite advances in the scope and scale of interactions encompassed by more holistic methods, for example ecosystem‐based fisheries management approaches, no single method can adequately capture the complexity of human–nature interactions. Approaches that combine quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches are necessary to generate a deeper understanding of these interactions and illuminate pathways to address fisheries sustainability challenges. However, combining methods is inherently challenging and requires understanding multiple methods from different, often disciplinarily distinct origins, demanding reflexivity of the researchers involved. Social–ecological systems’ research has a history of utilising combinations of methods across the social and ecological realms to account for spatial and temporal dynamics, uncertainty and feedbacks that are key components of fisheries. We describe several categories of analytical methods (statistical modelling, network analysis, dynamic modelling, qualitative analysis and controlled behavioural experiments) and highlight their applications in fisheries research, strengths and limitations, data needs and overall objectives. We then discuss important considerations of a methods portfolio development process, including reflexivity, epistemological and ontological concerns and illustrate these considerations via three case studies. We show that, by expanding their methods portfolios, researchers will be better equipped to study the complex interactions shaping fisheries and contribute to solutions for sustainable fisheries management.
Measuring consumer‐based brand equity of prestigious mass brands using masstige mean score scale
Authors: Singh Balgopal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the two aspects of the masstige mean score scale (MMSS) in the mobile payment system (MPS) context. The aspects included measuring the masstige value of MPS and validating MMSS as a measure while predicting the brand equity of prestigious mass brands. The research framework was developed by synthesizing the past literature on masstige marketing and brand equity theory. Responses were obtained using a survey of 438 mobile payment application users in India using a structured questionnaire. Masstige mean value of MPS brands was obtained through MMSS. Covariance‐based structure equation modelling established the association between masstige value obtained through MMSS and overall brand equity (OBE). Non‐compensatory data analysis method, artificial neural network (ANN), was used to predict the brand equity of prestigious mass brands with MMSS items as predictors. The analysis of masstige mean value indicated the existence of mass prestige for MPS brands. Furthermore, the path analysis indicated that the masstige value positively contributed to OBE. The ANN's predictive analysis established that MMSS items as predictors are 93% accurate in predicting brand equity for prestigious mass brands. The validation of the prestigiousness of the technology‐based fintech MPS would be helpful to brand managers to target prestige‐seeking consumers and charge a high price for premium and customized services. In addition, the methodology promulgated to predict CBBE of prestigious mass brands based on MMSS items would be helpful to managers in determining brand equity of prestigious mass brands in the emerging economies. This study is the first to empirically validate the MMSS as a measure of brand equity for prestigious mass brands. It would help future researchers propagate the use of MMSS in the study of brand equity in varied contexts; also, this study significantly contributes to the literature on masstige explaining the masstige value of MPS brands in emerging markets.
3Dimaging of supraspinal inputs to the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord mapped by retrograde tracing and light‐sheet microscopy
Authors: Lu Tao , Shinozaki Munehisa , Nagoshi Narihito , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe supraspinal inputs play a major role in tuning the hindlimb locomotion function. While most research on spinal cord injury (SCI) with rodents is based on thoracic segments, the difference in connectivity of the supraspinal centers to the thoracic and lumbar cord is still unknown. Here, we combined retrograde tracing and 3D imaging to map the connectivity of supraspinal neurons projecting to thoracic (T9‐vertebral) and lumbar (T13‐vertebral) spinal levels in adult female mice. We dissected the difference in connections of corticospinal neurons (CSNs), rubrospinal neurons, and reticulospinal neurons projecting to thoracic and lumbar cords. The ratio of double‐labeled neurons is higher in T13‐vertebral projection CSNs and parvocellular part of the red nucleus (RPC) than in T9‐vertebral projection. Using the Cre‐DIO system, we precisely targeted CSNs projecting to T9‐vertebral or T13‐vertebral. We found that abundant axon branches communicated with the red nucleus and reticular formation and distributed from cervical gray matter to the lumbar cord. Their collateral branches showed a distinct innervation pattern in thoracic and lumbar gray matters and a similar distribution pattern in the cervical spinal cord. These results revealed the difference in connectivity between the thoracic and lumbar projection supraspinal centers and clarified the collateralization of thoracic/lumbar projection CSNs throughout the brain and spinal cord. This study highlights brain‐spinal cord neural networks and the complexity of the axon terminals of spinal projection CSNs, which could contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies connecting CST fibers and hindlimb function recovery.imageCover Image for this issue:https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15414
Association of social jetlag and eating patterns with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Japanese high school students
Authors: Sasawaki Yuh , Inokawa Hitoshi , Obata Yukiko , Nagao Suzune , Yagita Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2022

SummaryA high prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality has been reported in adolescents, but the effects of social jetlag on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association of sleep and eating patterns with daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among a total of 756 Japanese high school students. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality, the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale to evaluate daytime sleepiness, and an 8‐day sleep diary. Data on average sleep duration, social jetlag, midsleep on free days sleep corrected, and the differences in the first and last meal timing between school days and non‐school days were obtained from participants' sleep diaries. The results reveal that social jetlag is associated with differences in the first meal timing between school days and non‐school days, and that social jetlag of more than 2 hr is associated with extremely poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in Japanese high school students. Our findings suggest that reducing social jetlag to within a 2‐hr window is important to prevent poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness for this population.
Comparative evaluation of host immune response and cytokine signature pertaining to Th1 and Th2 immune arms in serum and tissue among patients of acute localised vs. chronic disseminated dermatophytosis
Authors: Patel Nayan , Padhiyar Jigna , Singh Ragini , Bloch Afroz , Babaria Sneha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases.MethodsPatients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group.ResultsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p < .001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p < .001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p < .001) were significantly lower in chronic cases. Expression of IL‐4 was observed in most biopsy specimens in both groups without any difference in intensity of staining. Expression of IFN‐γ was not detected in all but one specimen across both the groups. Severe itching (OR:0.050, CI:0.018, 0.139, p < .001), sign of topical steroid abuse (OR:0.203,CI:0.077, 0.537; p = .001), ↓IFN‐γ (OR:4.683, CI:1.634, 13.418; p = .004) correlated significantly and independently with chronic dermatophytosis.ConclusionOur study shows chronic and disseminated cases of dermatophytosis differ immunologically in terms of higher IgE, and lower IL4 and IFN‐γ. Expression of IL4 is present in tissue of both acute, localised and chronic disseminated cases. Expression of IFN‐γ cannot be established in our study.
WEE1 kinase inhibitor MK‐1775 sensitizes oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells to radiation irrespective of TP53 status
Authors: Al‐Jamaei Aisha Hussein , de Visscher Jan G. A. M. , Subramanyam V. Ramadugula , Forouzanfar Tymour , Sminia Peter , Doulabi Behrouz Zandieh , Helder Marco N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveOral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) frequently harbors non‐functional p53 and depends on G2/M checkpoint mediated by WEE1. WEE1 suppression has been identified as a promising anti‐tumor strategy. This study investigated the capacity of WEE1 kinase inhibitor (MK‐1775) and its underlying mechanisms in enhancing radiation responses of OTSCC cells in vitro.Materials and methodsWEE1 kinase expression and its downstream target (CDK1) were investigated in OTSCC versus normal oral tissue. A synergistic combination of MK‐1775 with radiation on OTSCC cell lines with different p53 statuses was assessed by viability assay. The radio‐sensitizing effects of MK‐1775 on apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage, and mitotic entry were also determined.ResultsIrradiation enhanced CDK1 expression in all tested cell lines, though the effect was far more pronounced in p53 mutated cell lines. MK‐1775 exhibited inhibitory effects against the survival of all cell lines and enhanced their response to the radiation. These effects were strongly elicited by induction of apoptosis and lethal mitosis, but less likely by abrogation of radiation‐induced G2 arrest.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the efficacy of MK‐1775 in enhancing the radiation effect on OTSCC in vitro associated with a significant apoptotic death rate, identifying WEE1 inhibitor as a potent radiosensitizer in OTSCC irrespective of p53 mutational status.
Comparative analysis of wild‐type accessions reveals novel determinants of Arabidopsis seed longevity
Authors: Niñoles Regina , Planes Dolores , Arjona Paloma , Ruiz‐Pastor Carmen , Chazarra Rubén , Renard Joan , Bueso Eduardo , Forment Javier , Serrano Ramón , Kranner Ilse , Roach Thomas , Gadea José 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic factors involved in seed longevity is of paramount importance in agricultural and ecological contexts. The polygenic nature of this trait suggests that many of them remain undiscovered. Here, we exploited the contrasting seed longevity found amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to further understand this phenomenon. Concentrations of glutathione were higher in longer‐lived than shorter‐lived accessions, supporting that redox poise plays a prominent role in seed longevity. However, high seed permeability, normally associated with shorter longevity, is also present in long‐lived accessions. Dry seed transcriptome analysis indicated that the contribution to longevity of stored messenger RNA (mRNAs) is complex, including mainly accession‐specific mechanisms. The detrimental effect on longevity caused by other factors may be counterbalanced by higher levels of specific mRNAs stored in dry seeds, for instance those of heat‐shock proteins. Indeed, loss‐of‐function mutant analysis demonstrated that heat‐shock factors HSF1A and 1B contributed to longevity. Furthermore, mutants of the stress‐granule zinc‐finger protein TZF9 or the spliceosome subunits MOS4 or MAC3A/MAC3B, extended seed longevity, positioning RNA as a novel player in the regulation of seed viability. mRNAs of proteins with putative relevance to longevity were also abundant in shorter‐lived accessions, reinforcing the idea that resistance to ageing is determined by multiple factors.