bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catholic Civics Education in the Early Cold War: Zeal for Democracy, Zeal for Christ
Authors: McCamant Jane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the late 1940s and 1950s American Catholic educators faced the dilemma of how to transmit Catholic faith and culture to the next generation while also reassuring their non‐Catholic neighbors that they were fully American in lifestyle and loyalties. This article examines one response to that dilemma: the convergence of public and Catholic school civics curricula through the widespread use of experiential pedagogy in Catholic civics education. Using a content analysis of civics textbooks and teacher's guides from both school systems, this article demonstrates how both kinds of schools converged on an experiential style of civics education, despite vocal opposition to “progressive” pedagogy at elite levels of Catholic educational discourse. The article then presents a partial explanation for this dissonance, demonstrating the moral certainty exhibited in the same Catholic‐school textbooks, and suggesting that Catholic educationists understood American Catholics to be morally privileged in a way that gave them special insight into American democracy and protected them from the negative influences of secular educational philosophy. This case study speaks to larger questions of how organizations manage conflicts between abstract principles and practical action, and suggests the value of including religious schools in the sociological study of “loose coupling” in educational organizations.
Personal values and sustained attention as predictors of children's helping behavior in middle childhood
Authors: Misgav Kinneret , Shachnai Reut , Abramson Lior , Knafo‐Noam Ariel , Daniel Ella 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the effect of personal values (motivation) and sustained attention (cognitive ability) on children's helping behavior.MethodChildren (N = 162, age range 8–9 years, mean = 8.81, SD = 0.43) completed value ranking and go/no‐go tasks, and their helping behavior was examined.ResultsChildren who valued self‐transcendence over self‐enhancement helped more than others. Surprisingly, children's lack of sustained attention was associated with more helping among those who valued self‐transcendence over self‐enhancement or openness‐to‐change over conservation values. Valuing both self‐transcendence and openness‐to‐change was also associated with more helping.ConclusionsChildren are more likely to help others if they value self‐transcendence and openness to change. Notably, children's tendency to act upon these values may be facilitated (rather than obstructed by) low attention skills.
Accommodativeself‐regulation: The sample case of imprisonment in young adulthood
Authors: Marek Karla , Kappes Cathleen , Hosser Daniela , Greve Werner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the role of self‐esteem stabilization processes in response to restrictive developmental conditions in early adulthood. It did so by investigating accommodative adjustments among incarcerated young adults. It was argued that an adjustment of how an individual desires to be to how they actually perceive themselves (i.e., accommodative adjustment) can help to maintain a more stable self‐esteem and buffers negative changes.MethodWithin a longitudinal design with three measurements occasions data ofN= 728 incarcerated men between the age of 14 and 24 were analyzed. Accommodative adjustments were assessed at two occasions as adaptations of the ideal self‐concept (“I would like to be…”) to the previous actual self‐concept (“I am…”). In addition, assimilative adjustments were operationalized as adaptations of the actual self‐concept to the previous ideal self‐concept that means changing what individuals think of themselves in accordance to how they desire to be.ResultsRegression analysis showed that accommodative adjustments predicted self‐esteem. Moreover, accommodative processes were particularly important when assimilative processes were less pronounced.ConclusionEspecially at the beginning of the incarceration period, accommodative adjustments of the self‐concept buffer damaging effects of incarceration and support the (re‐)stabilization of self‐esteem.
A thematic analysis of the personal factors influencing mental health help‐seeking in farmers
Authors: Vayro Caitlin , Brownlow Charlotte , Ireland Michael , March Sonja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeIt is crucial to understand the micro‐level personal factors that impact farmer mental health help‐seeking, given that farmers are at increased risk of suicide yet show reduced mental health help‐seeking behaviors.MethodsTen farmers, 10 farmers’ partners, and 8 general practitioners (ie, family physicians) from Australia completed qualitative semi‐structured interviews. Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe analysis resulted in 4 themes: “mental health literacy,” “stigma of mental illness and help‐seeking,” “support, the partners’ role in help‐seeking,” and “the intersectionality between being a farmer, age, and gender.” Farmers’ knowledge and understanding of mental health and treatments was varied. Stigma was reported to be reducing, but still present toward both mental illness and mental health help‐seeking. Support from a partner was reported to facilitate help‐seeking if delivered tactfully. Lastly, being older and male were reported to negatively impact farmer mental health help‐seeking.ConclusionThe findings contribute to understanding farmer mental health help‐seeking and could inform quantitative research and the development and implementation of interventions to promote mental health help‐seeking in this group.
Nationalism, patriotism, or national reference? A response to Jacopo Custodi
Authors: Lobera Josep , Roch Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJacop Custodi elaborated recently a response to our article “A nationalist party with non‐nationalistic voters? Discussing the limits of nationalism in party categorisation” published in the journal Nations & Nationalism. We consider the work of Custodi is an important and original contribution to the study of left politics and nationalism. This being said, we reflect on the negative consequences of overstretching the category nationalism, both referring to parties and to political discourse. The aim of this reply is unpacking and explaining these negative consequences and offering an alternative as well as responding to some specific points raised by Custodi in his reply.
Site‐tropism of streptococci in the oral microbiome
Authors: McLean Anthony R. , Torres‐Morales Julian , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Borisy Gary G. , Mark Welch Jessica L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA detailed understanding of where bacteria localize is necessary to advance microbial ecology and microbiome‐based therapeutics. The site‐specialist hypothesis predicts that most microbes in the human oral cavity have a primary habitat type within the mouth where they are most abundant. We asked whether this hypothesis accurately describes the distribution of the members of the genus Streptococcus, a clinically relevant taxon that dominates most oral sites. Prior analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data indicated that some oral Streptococcus clades are site‐specialists while others may be generalists. However, within complex microbial populations composed of numerous closely related species and strains, such as the oral streptococci, genome‐scale analysis is necessary to provide the resolution to discriminate closely related taxa with distinct functional roles. Here, we assess whether individual species within this genus are specialists using publicly available genomic sequence data that provide species‐level resolution. We chose a set of high‐quality representative genomes for human oral Streptococcus species. Onto these genomes, we mapped shotgun metagenomic sequencing reads from supragingival plaque, tongue dorsum, and other sites in the oral cavity. We found that every abundant Streptococcus species in the healthy human oral cavity showed strong site‐tropism and that even closely related species such as S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. infantis specialized in different sites. These findings indicate that closely related bacteria can have distinct habitat distributions in the absence of dispersal limitation and under similar environmental conditions and immune regimes. Substantial overlap between the core genes of these three species suggests that site‐specialization is determined by subtle differences in genomic content.
Developing operations management data analytics
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George 
Published: September 2022

In this article, we describe representative contributions in several major application areas of data analytics in operations management to summarize the recent development, discuss the common themes, identify the current trends, and speculate the future directions. Certainly, many important contributions have been made in various application areas that are either directly or indirectly related to data analytics, and there are important theoretical developments made by scholars in our field. It is not our intention to provide a complete survey for data‐analytics work in our field. Instead, we focus only on the aspect of data integration in operational decision‐making by describing the most popular applications of data analytics.
Fertility of Holstein cows and heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination and receiving one or two doses (12 h apart) of semen
Authors: Mellado Miguel , Treviño Lucía M. , Chavez María I. , Véliz Francisco G. , Macías‐Cruz Ulises , Avendaño‐Reyes Leonel , García José E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex‐sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature‐humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed‐sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%;p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding.
Three‐dimensional lattice ground states for Riesz and Lennard‐Jones–type energies
Authors: Bétermin Laurent , Šamaj Ladislav , Travěnec Igor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Riesz potential is known to be an important building block of many interactions, including Lennard‐Jones–type potentials , that are widely used in molecular simulations. In this paper, we investigate analytically and numerically the minimizers among three‐dimensional lattices of Riesz and Lennard‐Jones energies. We discuss the minimality of the body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) lattice, face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) lattice, simple hexagonal (SH) lattices, and hexagonal close‐packing (HCP) structure, globally and at fixed density. In the Riesz case, new evidence of the global minimality at fixed density of the BCC lattice is shown for and the HCP lattice is computed to have higher energy than the FCC (for ) and BCC (for ) lattices. In the Lennard‐Jones case with exponents , the ground state among lattices is confirmed to be an FCC lattice whereas an HCP phase occurs once added to the investigated structures. Furthermore, phase transitions of type “FCC‐SH” and “FCC‐HCP‐SH” (when the HCP lattice is added) as the inverse density V increases are observed for a large spectrum of exponents . In the SH phase, the variation of the ratio Δ between the interlayer distance d and the lattice parameter a is studied as V increases. In the critical region of exponents , the SH phase with an extreme value of the anisotropy parameter Δ dominates. If one limits oneself to rigid lattices, the BCC‐FCC‐HCP phase diagram is found. For , the BCC lattice is the only energy minimizer. Choosing , the FCC and SH latices become minimizers.
Insights into breeding history, hotspot regions of selection, and untapped allelic diversity for bread wheat breeding
Authors: Lehnert Heike , Berner Thomas , Lang Daniel , Beier Sebastian , Stein Nils , Himmelbach Axel , Kilian Benjamin , Keilwagen Jens 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYBreeding has increasingly altered the genetics of crop plants since the domestication of their wild progenitors. It is postulated that the genetic diversity of elite wheat breeding pools is too narrow to cope with future challenges. In contrast, plant genetic resources (PGRs) of wheat stored in genebanks are valuable sources of unexploited genetic diversity. Therefore, to ensure breeding progress in the future, it is of prime importance to identify the useful allelic diversity available in PGRs and to transfer it into elite breeding pools. Here, a diverse collection consisting of modern winter wheat cultivars and genebank accessions was investigated based on reduced‐representation genomic sequencing and an iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip array. Analyses of these datasets provided detailed insights into population structure, levels of genetic diversity, sources of new allelic diversity, and genomic regions affected by breeding activities. We identified 57 regions representing genomic signatures of selection and 827 regions representing private alleles associated exclusively with genebank accessions. The presence of known functional wheat genes, quantitative trait loci, and large chromosomal modifications, i.e., introgressions from wheat wild relatives, provided initial evidence for putative traits associated within these identified regions. These findings were supported by the results of ontology enrichment analyses. The results reported here will stimulate further research and promote breeding in the future by allowing for the targeted introduction of novel allelic diversity into elite wheat breeding pools.
The Modeling of Roughness Effect on the Performance of a Controlled Diffusion Airfoil
Authors: Delvaux Grégory , Toracchio Riccardo , Boufidi Elissavet , Croner Emma , Fontaneto Fabrizio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The manufacturing and operational roughness of aerodynamic profiles impacts both the laminar and the turbulent boundary layers state, directly affecting the aerodynamic and thermal performance of typical turbomachinery components. By better understanding the underlying physical mechanisms, the present work aims at building a more refined and comprehensive model to take the effects of surface finish into account. The model is implemented into the MIT Multiple Blade Interacting Streamtube Euler Solver (MISES) and is validated against experimental results for different roughness levels, Reynolds number, and Mach number regimes. In the proposed model, the roughness effects on the turbulent boundary layer (BL) state are included through the modification of the turbulent skin friction law, while the roughness level is implemented through a new definition of ks that accounts for the influence of the roughness skewness. Particular emphasis is placed on the modeling of the transitionally rough regime. Finally, roughness effects on transition are modeled by implementing the Mayle rough-induced onset transition criterion. Results are validated in terms of the total pressure loss coefficient and the outlet flow angle, leading to a marked improvement in terms of agreement with the experimental data.
Changes in industry marketing payments to physicians during the covid-19 pandemic: quasi experimental, difference-in-difference study
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Figueroa Jose F , Kondo Naoki , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine changes in industry marketing payments to physicians due to the covid-19 pandemic.DesignQuasi experimental, difference-in-difference study.Data sourceUS nationwide database of licensed physicians, the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, which was linked to a database of industry marketing payments made to physicians, Open Payments.PopulationAll licensed US physicians from 2018 to 2020 and those who received payments from industry.Main outcome measuresChanges in the value and the number of monthly industry payments physician received before (January-February 2020) and during the pandemic (April-December 2020) were assessed, adjusting for physicians’ characteristics (gender and specialty). As the control, data for the same months in 2019 were used. Industry payments by type of payments (eg, meals, travel, consulting fees, speaker compensation, honorariums), were also examined.ResultsAmong 880 589 US physicians included in this study, 267 463 (30.4%) physicians received a total of 4 117 482 non-research payments with $626 million ($710 per physician; £610; €708) in 2020 (40-44% decrease from $1047m in 2018 and $1115m in 2019). Industry payments decreased significantly in the months of the covid-19 pandemic (adjusted change in the value of −48.4%; 95% confidence interval −50.6 to −46.2; P<0.001; and adjusted change in the number of −47.4%, 95% confidence interval −47.7 to −47.1; P<0.001), particularly for meals and travel fees. No evidence was seen of a decrease in the number of industry payments for consulting and honorariums. A similar pattern was observed across physicians’ gender and specialty.ConclusionsIndustry payments to physicians, particularly those involving physical interactions such as meals and travel, substantially decreased during the pandemic. How such changes affect prescription practices and the quality of clinical practice in the long term should be investigated.
Safety and efficacy of plasma transfusion from exercise-trained donors in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease: protocol for the ExPlas study
Authors: Tari Atefe R , Berg Helene Haugen , Videm Vibeke , Bråthen Geir , White Linda R , Røsbjørgen Ragnhild Nyhus , Scheffler Katja , Dalen Havard , Holte Espen , Haberg Asta K , Selbaek Geir , Lydersen Stian , Duezel Emrah , Bergh Sverre , Logan-Halvorsrud Kjell Rune , Sando Sigrid Botne , Wisløff Ulrik 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGiven that exercise training reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), induces changes in the blood composition and has widespread systemic benefits, it is reasonable to hypothesise that exercised plasma (ExPlas) may have rejuvenative properties. The main objective is to test safety and tolerability of transfusing ExPlas from young, healthy, fit adults to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early AD. The study is a pilot for a future efficacy study. The key secondary objectives are examining the effect of plasma transfusions on cognitive function, fitness level, vascular risk profile, assessment of cerebral blood flow and hippocampal volume, quality of life, functional connectivity assessed by resting state functional MRI and biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.Methods and analysisExPlas is a double-blinded, randomised controlled clinical single-centre trial. Patients up to 75 years of age with diagnosis early symptomatic phase AD will be recruited from two Norwegian hospitals. ExPlas is plasma drawn by plasmapheresis once a month for 4 months, from a total of 30 fit male donors (aged 18–40, BMI≤27 kg/m2 and maximal oxygen uptake>55 mL/kg/min). All units will be virus inactivated by the Intercept method in accordance with procedures at St. Olavs University Hospital. Comparison with isotonic saline allows differentiation from a non-blood product. The main study consists of 6 rounds of examinations in addition to 12 plasma transfusions divided over three 4-week periods during study year-1. It is also planned to conduct follow-up examinations 2 and 5 years after baselineEthics and disseminationWritten informed consent will be obtained from all participants and participation is voluntary. All participants have a next of kin who will follow them throughout the study to represent the patient’s interest. The study is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK 2018/702) and the Norwegian Medicines Agency (EudraCT No. 2018-000148-24). The study will be published in an open access journal and results will be presented at numerous national and international meetings as well as on social media platforms.Trial registration numberEudraCT No. 2018-000148-24. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05068830
Effectiveness and costs of a new framework for selecting absorbent urinary incontinence products compared with current practice: a cohort study
Authors: Schreuder Miranda C , van der Worp Henk , Balkestein Beate , Malmberg Alec GGA , van den Bos Tine , Dekker Janny H , de Boer Michiel R , Vermeulen Karin M , Blanker Marco H 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo improve continence care in the Netherlands, a new framework has been developed in which a shift has been made from incontinence severity as the sole criterion for selecting incontinence products to a focus on patient need for daily life activities. The impact of the framework on daily care has not been assessed. We aimed to compare treatment effectiveness and costs between participants who did and did not undergo re-evaluation according to the new framework.DesignCohort studySettingTwelve pharmacies in the NetherlandsParticipantsExisting users of absorbent incontinence materials for urinary incontinence.InterventionsParticipants were offered the option to have their incontinence products re-evaluated within the new framework at their pharmacy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEffectiveness and cost outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months through questionnaires. These questionnaires included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life Module, ICIQ Urinary Incontinence Short Form, ICIQ Absorbent Pads, questions about satisfaction and the iPCQ and iMCQ.Results303 users consented and 279 completed the baseline questionnaire. Of these participants, 72 agreed to a re-evaluation of their incontinence materials. There was a small improvement at 3 months in the re-evaluation group compared with the other group on most outcomes. However, these improvements were not clinically relevant. Moreover, these differences did not change much from 3 to 6 months. Small differences were also observed in the changes in costs, but with very wide CIs on both sides of zero (€99.38; 95% CI −633.48 to 832.23).ConclusionsThe current study showed no clinically relevant effect of a newly implemented framework for selecting incontinence materials in pharmacies when compared with an existing method. Given that the study also showed no differences in effectiveness and costs, introducing the new framework in pharmacies may not lead to better incontinence care.