bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Loss Interventions and Skeletal Health in Persons with Diabetes
Authors: Zhao Qi , Khedkar Sonal V. , Johnson Karen C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWeight loss is recommended for improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk factors in persons with diabetes. However, both diabetes and weight loss have been associated with detrimental skeletal health. This review aims to summarize recent study findings on the effects of lifestyle interventions for weight loss on skeletal health among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Recent FindingsA few large-scale observational studies have demonstrated an increased fragility fracture risk associated with weight loss among persons with T2D. Randomized control trials in persons with T2D also have shown that intentional lifestyle interventions for weight loss are associated with a greater decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in the risk of fracture. The biological mechanisms underlying the compromised bone health during lifestyle interventions for weight loss are complex and not yet conclusive. However, there is evidence to suggest that bone loss and increased fracture risk during intentional weight loss may be mitigated by some intervention approaches, such as high protein intake, calcium supplementation, and resistance and balance training.SummaryThere is still a lack of studies investigating the effects of different interventions for weight loss on skeletal health among persons with T2D. However, certain types of diet and physical activity intervention combined with bone monitoring and fracture risk prediction may help achieve weight loss goals and maintain skeletal health among persons with T2D during intentional weight loss.
The α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Capacity of Grape Pomace: A Review
Authors: Cisneros-Yupanqui Miluska , Lante Anna , Mihaylova Dasha , Krastanov Albert I. , Rizzi Corrado 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe concept of functional foods is gaining more importance due to its role in maintaining a healthy status and preventing some metabolic diseases. The control of diabetes, in particular type-2 (T2DM), could be considered a big challenge since it involves other factors such as eating habits. From the pharmacological point of view, inhibiting digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is one of the mechanisms mainly used by synthetic drugs to control this disease; however, several side effects are described. For that reason, using bioactive compounds may appear as an alternative without presenting the complications synthetic drugs available on the market have. The winemaking industry generates tons of waste annually, and grape pomace (GP) is the most important. GP is recognized for its nutritional value and as a source of bioactive compounds that are helpful for human health. This review highlights the importance of GP as a possible source of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Also, it is emphasized the components involved in this bioactivity and the possible interactions among them. Especially, some phenolic compounds and fiber of GP are the main ones responsible for interfering with the human digestive enzymes. Preliminary studies in vitro confirmed this bioactivity; however, further information is required to allow the specific use of GP as a functional ingredient inside the market of products recommended for people with diabetes.
Graphical abstract
Ribosomenbiogenese in Archaeen
Authors: Jüttner Michael , Ferreira-Cerca Sébastien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ribosome is a universally conserved macromolecular machine responsible for the translation of mRNAs into proteins. The synthesis of ribosomes is a crucial task that has been well characterized in bacteria and eukarya, but not in archaea. Here we summarize our current understanding of ribosome biogenesis in archaea and how it might help to further answer evolutionary questions.
Organizational support, training and equipment are key determinants of burnout among dialysis healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pawłowicz-Szlarska Ewa , Forycka Joanna , Harendarz Karolina , Stanisławska Martyna , Makówka Agnieszka , Nowicki Michał 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionBurnout was already found to be an important factor in the professional landscape of nephrology prior to the COVID-19 outbreak and is expected to worsen during the pandemic.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to assess pandemic experiences, perceptions, and burnout among Polish dialysis unit professionals in the COVID-19 period.Participants and methodsA survey, which consisted of a Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Survey (PEPS) and a Maslach Burnout Inventory was distributed online to Polish dialysis units. The study group comprised 379 participants (215 nurses, 148 physicians, and 16 respondents of other professions).ResultsThe pandemic largely affected or completely dominated the work of dialysis units according to 53.4% and 25.5% of nurses responding to the PEPS, respectively. Among physicians, the prevalence was 55.5% and 15.4% of participants, respectively. Serious or life-threatening risk was perceived by 72.1% and 11.9% of dialysis healthcare professionals, respectively. Furthermore, 74.6% of the study participants stated that their work in a dialysis setting amidst the pandemic was felt to be associated with serious risk for their relatives. Adequate personal protective equipment and information from management decreased burnout among dialysis staff. Burnout was lower in all dimensions among those participants who felt more in control of their exposure to infection, provided by proper training, equipment, and support (p = 0.0004 for emotional exhaustion,p = 0.0007 for depersonalization, andp < 0.0001 for feelings of personal accomplishment).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has largely affected the work in dialysis units. Providing proper training, equipment, and support may decrease burnout among dialysis staff.Graphical abstract
Truncated versions of three identities of Euler and Gauss
Authors: Yao Olivia X.M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2012, Andrews and Merca proved a truncated theorem on Euler's pentagonal number theorem. Motivated by the works of Andrews and Merca, Guo and Zeng deduced truncated versions for two other classical theta series identities of Gauss. Very recently, Xia et al. proved new truncated theorems of the three classical theta series identities by taking different truncated series than the ones chosen by Andrews–Merca and Guo–Zeng. In this paper, we provide a unified treatment to establish new truncated versions for the three identities of Euler and Gauss based on a Bailey pair due to Lovejoy. These new truncated identities imply the results proved by Andrews–Merca, Wang–Yee, and Xia–Yee–Zhao.
Potential response from selection schemes based on progeny testing and genomic selection for the Chilean dairy cattle under pastoral systems: a deterministic simulation
Authors: Lembeye Felipe , López-Villalobos Nicolás , Uribe Héctor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, a selection index called Valor Económico Lechero (VEL) was developed for Chilean dairy cattle under pasture. However, a specific selection scheme has not yet been implemented. This study aimed to estimate genetic progress from selection on the VEL selection index based on selection schemes using progeny testing (PT) and genomic selection (GS). Under a PT-scheme, estimated genetic progress was 41.50, 3.44, and 2.33 kg/year for milk, fat, and protein yield, respectively. The realised genetic gain takes eight-year after the PT-scheme implementation, which may be a disincentive for implementing a PT-scheme, suggesting that importing frozen semen of proven bulls could be a preferred alternative. In this case, an option may be to conduct the genetic evaluation of those bulls using their progeny in Chile for the traits included in VEL selection index. In the case of implementing a specific selection scheme, compared to PT, a more profitable alternative might be the implementation of a GS-scheme, that would result in a faster genetic gain in the aggregate breeding value or merit for all the traits included in the selection objective (0.323–0.371 vs. 0.194 σg/year).
The Identitarian movement and fashwave music: The nostalgia and anger of the new far right in Denmark
Authors: Larsen Jeppe Fuglsang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThrough perspectives from the sociology of emotions and multimodality as an analytical tool, this article analyses the cultural aspects of the Identitarian movement through the case of the Danish Generation Identitær (GI) and its online videos. The analysis shows that the group shares an understanding of societal problems and emotions of nostalgia and anger connected to this worldview and demonstrates that the group's use of fashwave music style fits its worldview and emotions. Furthermore, the article argues that the coded language associated with fashwave music is part of what defines the community of GI and that the music binds its members to a collective consciousness. Therefore, this article presents an analysis of the cultural style of fashwave, an important contribution to the study of the broader cultural and social ecology of newer far-right groups and milieus, such as the Identitarian movement.
Habitat use by mixed-species bird flocks in tropical forests of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Hariharan Priyanka , Bangal Priti , Sridhar Hari , Shanker Kartik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile mixed-species flocks of birds (hereafter ‘flocks’) have been widely studied, few studies have looked at the effect of habitat structure on flock presence and flocking propensity within a site. Here, we employ a use-availability approach in locations with flocks and random locations to ask whether habitat characteristics influence the presence of flocks, and whether structurally similar microhabitats support compositionally similar flocks. We also examine the effect of habitat on flock size and species richness, and the effect of intraspecifically gregarious flock participants on habitat selection. We find that flocks use a narrow subset of available tree density and canopy cover variation and prefer relatively less-dense areas with large trees and a complex foliage structure. Similar microhabitats do not result in compositionally similar flocks, and while foliage complexity was associated with flock size, no habitat characteristics influenced species richness. Flocks led by the intraspecifically gregarious western crowned warbler (Phylloscopus occipitalis), a potential nuclear species, showed preference for high foliage complexity and tree density. Thus, habitat preferences of intraspecifically gregarious species, which are followed by other species, could play a strong role in habitat selection in flocks. This suggests that degraded forests that cannot provide a suitable range of tree density, canopy cover, and/or complex vegetation structure may not support some core flock species around which flocks form, which may lead to decreased flocking in those patches.
30 years’ experience with the arterial switch operation: risk of pulmonary stenosis and its impact on post-operative prognosis
Authors: Sobczak-Budlewska Katarzyna , Łubisz Monika , Moll Maciej , Moszura Tomasz , Moll Jadwiga A. , Korabiewska-Pluta Sara , Moll Jacek J. , Michalak Krzysztof W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulmonary stenosis is one of the most common complications in patients with transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation. The reason for this is multifactorial and related to the anterior shift of the pulmonary trunk during the LeCompte manoeuvre, the complex suture line required to fill the gaps after harvesting the coronary arteries, and the need for patch implantation to maintain a tensionless anastomosis.We reviewed all patients with transposition of the great arteries operated on at our institute between 1991 and 2020 to establish the frequency of pulmonary stenosis during post-operative follow-up, reinterventions, and reoperations related to pulmonary stenosis and its potential risk factors.During the analysed period, we performed 848 arterial switch operations for simple and complex cases of transposition of the great arteries. The overall early mortality was 6.96%, and the late mortality was 2.53%. Among all study groups, 243 (28.66%) patients developed mild pulmonary stenosis, 43 patients (5.07%) developed moderate, and 45 patients (5.31%) developed severe pulmonary stenosis. During follow-up, 21 patients required interventions related to pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary reconstruction with patches, aortic arch anomalies, and ventricular septal defects associated with transposition of the great arteries were significant risk factors. Nine patients required reoperation because of pulmonary artery stenosis with patch reconstruction of the pulmonary artery, aortic arch anomalies, and aortic cross-clamping time, increasing the risk of reoperation.Pulmonary stenosis in patients with transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation is a common complication. If significant, it occurs early after surgery and is the most frequent reason for post-operative interventions and reoperations.
Improving the Treatment of Subgrid Cloud Variability in Warm Rain Simulation in CESM2
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Minghuai , Zhang Zhibo , Larson Vincent E. , Griffin Brian M. , Guo Zhun , Zhu Yannian , Rosenfeld Daniel , Cao Yang , Bai Heming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRepresenting subgrid variability of cloud properties has always been a challenge in global climate models (GCMs). In many cloud microphysics schemes, the warm rain non‐linear process rates calculated based on grid‐mean cloud properties are usually scaled by an enhancement factor (EF) to account for the effects of subgrid cloud variability. In our study, we find that the EF derived from Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals in Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) is severely overestimated in most of the cloudy oceanic areas, which leads to strong overestimation of the autoconversion rate. We improve the EF in warm rain simulation by developing a new formula for in‐cloud subgrid cloud water variance. With the updated subgrid cloud water variance and EF treatment, the liquid cloud fraction (LCF) and cloud optical thickness (COT) increases noticeably for marine stratocumulus, and the shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF) matches better with observations. The updated formula improves the relationship between autoconversion rate and cloud droplet number concentration, and it decreases the sensitivity of autoconversion rate to aerosols. The sensitivity of liquid water path to aerosols decreases noticeably and is in better agreement with that in MODIS. Although the sensitivity of COT is similar to that in MODIS, CAM6 underestimates the sensitivity of grid‐mean SWCF to aerosols because of the underestimation in the sensitivities of LCF and in‐cloud SWCF. Our results indicate the importance of representing reasonable subgrid cloud variability in the simulation of cloud properties and aerosol‐cloud interaction in GCMs.
Assessing the Physical Realism of Deep Learning Hydrologic Model Projections Under Climate Change
Authors: Wi Sungwook , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether deep learning models can produce reliable future projections of streamflow under warming. We train a regional long short‐term memory network (LSTM) to daily streamflow in 15 watersheds in California and develop three process models (HYMOD, SAC‐SMA, and VIC) as benchmarks. We force all models with scenarios of warming and assess their hydrologic response, including shifts in the hydrograph and total runoff ratio. All process models show a shift to more winter runoff, reduced summer runoff, and a decline in the runoff ratio due to increased evapotranspiration. The LSTM predicts similar hydrograph shifts but in some watersheds predicts an unrealistic increase in the runoff ratio. We then test two alternative versions of the LSTM in which process model outputs are used as either additional training targets (i.e., multi‐output LSTM) or input features. Results indicate that the multi‐output LSTM does not correct the unrealistic streamflow projections under warming. The hybrid LSTM using estimates of evapotranspiration from SAC‐SMA as an additional input feature produces more realistic streamflow projections, but this does not hold for VIC or HYMOD. This suggests that the hybrid method depends on the fidelity of the process model. Finally, we test climate change responses under an LSTM trained to over 500 watersheds across the United States and find more realistic streamflow projections under warming. Ultimately, this work suggests that hybrid modeling may support the use of LSTMs for hydrologic projections under climate change, but so may training LSTMs to a large, diverse set of watersheds.
MicroRNA-375 is a therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer through the PTPN4/STAT3 axis
Authors: Gan Junqing , Liu Shan , Zhang Yu , He Liangzi , Bai Lu , Liao Ran , Zhao Juan , Guo Madi , Jiang Wei , Li Jiade , Li Qi , Mu Guannan , Wu Yangjiazi , Wang Xinling , Zhang Xingli , Zhou Dan , Lv Huimin , Wang Zhengfeng , Zhang Yanqiao , Qian Cheng , Feng MeiYan , Chen Hui , Meng Qingwei , Huang Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe functional role of microRNA-375 (miR-375) in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial. Previously, we found that plasma exosomal miR-375 is significantly elevated in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) patients compared with castration-sensitive PCa patients. Here, we aimed to determine how miR-375 modulates CRPC progression and thereafter to evaluate the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes loaded with miR-375 antisense oligonucleotides (e-375i). We used miRNA in situ hybridization technique to evaluate miR-375 expression in PCa tissues, gain- and loss-of-function experiments to determine miR-375 function, and bioinformatic methods, dual-luciferase reporter assay, qPCR, IHC and western blotting to determine and validate the target as well as the effects of miR-375 at the molecular level. Then, e-375i complexes were assessed for their antagonizing effects against miR-375. We found that the expression of miR-375 was elevated in PCa tissues and cancer exosomes, correlating with the Gleason score. Forced expression of miR-375 enhanced the expression of EMT markers and AR but suppressed apoptosis markers, leading to enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and enzalutamide resistance and decreased apoptosis of PCa cells. These effects could be reversed by miR-375 silencing. Mechanistically, miR-375 directly interfered with the expression of phosphatase nonreceptor type 4 (PTPN4), which in turn stabilized phosphorylated STAT3. Application of e-375i could inhibit miR-375, upregulate PTPN4 and downregulate p-STAT3, eventually repressing the growth of PCa. Collectively, we identified a novel miR-375 target, PTPN4, that functions upstream of STAT3, and targeting miR-375 may be an alternative therapeutic for PCa, especially for CRPC with high AR levels.
Mitochondria DNA copy number, mitochondria DNA total somatic deletions, Complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Das Sujan C. , Hjelm Brooke E. , Rollins Brandi L. , Sequeira Adolfo , Morgan Ling , Omidsalar Audrey A. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Barchas Jack D. , Lee Francis S. , Myers Richard M. , Watson Stanley J. , Akil Huda , Bunney William E. , Vawter Marquis P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a neurobiological phenomenon implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that can synergistically affect synaptic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share molecular alterations at the mitochondrial and synaptic levels. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN), mtDNA common deletion (CD), mtDNA total deletion, complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number were studied in the postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), primary visual cortex (V1), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of controls (CON), and subjects with schizophrenia (SZ), and bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed (i) the mtDNA CN is significantly higher in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, decreased in the STG of BD, and unaltered in V1 and NAc of both SZ and BD; (ii) the mtDNA CD is significantly higher in DLPFC of BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of both SZ and BD; (iii) The total deletion burden is significantly higher in DLPFC in both SZ and BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of SZ and BD; (iv) Complex I activity is significantly lower in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, which is driven by the presence of medications, with no alteration in STG, V1, and NAc. In addition, complex I protein concentration, by ELISA, was decreased across three cortical regions of SZ and BD subjects; (v) The number of synapses is decreased in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, while the synaptic mitochondria number was significantly lower in female SZ and female BD compared to female controls. Overall, these findings will pave the way to understand better the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder for therapeutic interventions.
Structural basis for shape-selective recognition and aminoacylation of a D-armless human mitochondrial tRNA
Authors: Kuhle Bernhard , Hirschi Marscha , Doerfel Lili K. , Lander Gabriel C. , Schimmel Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman mitochondrial gene expression relies on the specific recognition and aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs (mtRNAs) by nuclear-encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs). Despite their essential role in cellular energy homeostasis, strong mutation pressure and genetic drift have led to an unparalleled sequence erosion of animal mtRNAs. The structural and functional consequences of this erosion are not understood. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the human mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase (mSerRS) in complex with mtRNASer(GCU). These structures reveal a unique mechanism of substrate recognition and aminoacylation. The mtRNASer(GCU) is highly degenerated, having lost the entire D-arm, tertiary core, and stable L-shaped fold that define canonical tRNAs. Instead, mtRNASer(GCU) evolved unique structural innovations, including a radically altered T-arm topology that serves as critical identity determinant in an unusual shape-selective readout mechanism by mSerRS. Our results provide a molecular framework to understand the principles of mito-nuclear co-evolution and specialized mechanisms of tRNA recognition in mammalian mitochondrial gene expression.