bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Mechanical Properties by Reinforcing Steel Mesh into Aluminium Alloy 6061
Authors: Tripathi Harshit , Singh Rajvir , Kumar Sushil , Sharma J D , Bhardwaj Sumit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The application of aluminium-based composite is increasing day by day in structural and aerospace engineering sectors due its exceptional properties such as higher strength to weight ratio, excellent mechanical properties, and high corrosion resistance. In the current study the Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) with Aluminum alloy (AA) 6061 as matrix and steel mesh as reinforcement was fabricated by two routes. First, by hot rolling the steel mesh sandwiched between two 3 mm thick AA 6061 sheets and second by the pouring of AA 6061 over and below the steel mesh placed in horizontal plane in a sand mold such that the mesh gets completely incorporated at the centre of casting subsequently hot rolling them to obtain MMC. One specimen obtained by each route was given T6-heat treatment (HT). The microstructural study was done to characterize the composites formed and their mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength were compared with HT cast-rolled and HT rolled sheets of same thickness. The superior Ultimate tensile strength of 155.4MPa was shown by samples obtained by HT cast-rolled sheet with steel mesh sample than other samples.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene oxide for Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Mathankumar G , Simon Patrick D , Praveen. P , Krishna Mohan. M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Organic 2D materials have gained extensive attraction in the field of the gas sensor. Because of their critical role in environmental monitoring, chemical manufacturing industries, and human health safety. In recent years most of the research groups have been interested, to fabricate the Graphene oxide-based chemi-resistive gas sensor, owing to its superior structural, mechanical, and electrical properties. Excellent mechanical strength (Young modulus ∼0.05 TPA), the potentiality of ultrafast electron transport (highest mobility ∼200,000 cm2/V s) along with the best surface to volume ratio. In this paper, we have prepared Graphene oxide nanosheets by the modified hummers method. Structural properties of the as-prepared sample were confirmed by XRD and RAMAN spectroscopy. morphological analyses were done by FE-SEM analysis.
Structural, Luminescence and Cytotoxicity Studies of PEG Capped CaS Nanophosphors
Authors: Rekha S , Aravind S , Venkidesh T V , Anila E I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nanoparticles have remarkable applications in medical imaging and therapy owing to their enhanced optical, electronic, and structural properties. One of the challenges in nanoparticle application in the medical field is that when injected into the bloodstream, they are taken by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the body and removed by circulation. To avoid RES capture and protect them from the immune system, surface passivation of the nanoparticle is done with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The wet chemical synthesis of Calcium sulfide (CaS) nanophosphors capped with various concentrations of PEG is reported here. The structural and optical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, and diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The cell viability of the nanoparticles was estimated from the MTT assay using L929 human fibroblast cells. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that PEG-capped CaS is biocompatible, which ensures the possibility of their prospective applications in the biomedical field.
3.2% efficient cadmium free Cu2ZnSnS4/ZnO solar cells fabricated using solvothermally synthesized nanoparticles
Authors: Kannan G. , Manjulavalli T. E. , Thambidurai M. , Habeeba K. , Ezhilarasi GnanaKumari D. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we report thefabrication of a hetero-junction solar cell using nanocrystallinep-type Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) as absorber layer and ZnO as buffer layer.The effect of copper ratio on the properties of copper zinc tin sulfide nanoparticles synthesized using solvothermal method and the influence of Cu ratio on the cell efficiencies are also systematically investigated.The structural, optical andelectrical properties of prepared nanoparticles were studied using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman analysis, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption and J-Vcharacteristic studies.The device fabrication and conversionefficiency of cadmium free CZTS/ZnOsolar cellsare also discussed.The highestpower conversion efficiency of the solar cell was observed to be 3.2% for copper slightly poor (0.9) compositional ratio.
Process Variation analysis of 1-bit ALU based on GAA-CNTFET
Authors: Sharma Pragya , Rohitkumar Shailendra Singh , Aarthy M. , Mimura Hidenori 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is based on a technique of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFET) for Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) using 10nm technology. For the past few decades, global demand for smaller dimension transistors with ultra-speed and low power consumption processor is a challenge for device designers. According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors on an integrated circuit (IC) doubles every two years. Traditional Si transistors, scaled down to its limit sub 10nm, suffer from short channel effects, direct tunneling from source to drain, drain induced barrier lowering, and hot carrier degradation. Hence device designer is looking for nano devices which can replace traditional Si. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET) are promising Nano device for the next generation. A parametric analysis has been performed for various measurements such as delay, power, and PDP by varying chirality vector. Here we discuss four Different configurations such as Single channel Single chirality (SCSC), Single Channel Dual chirality (SCDC), Double Channel Single Chirality (DCSC), Double Channel Dual chirality (DCDC). Based on the results it was observed that as the chirality vector increases delay decreases. It is also observed that the delay in Double channel configuration is less than in Single-channel configuration.
Development of Al6061-B4C Composite and Study the Effect of Heat Treatment on its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Singh Rajvir , Khanna Paawan , Singh Panwar Ranvir , Datt Jagmohan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aluminum composites are growing in demand as an advanced material in aerospace industries, automobile industries, marine applications and structural applications. In the current work, an attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of the monolithic AA6061 alloy, it’s composite by reinforcing B4C (4wt%) particles and T6 heat treated composite on the same ground. Al6061-B4C composite was developed by stir casting method and uniform distribution of particles were observed throughout the bulk which was confirmed by SEM-EDS. Subsequently T6 heat treatment was done on composite. Reinforcement in the matrix increase the hardness value of base alloy by 21.3%. The hardness value of heat-treated Al6061-B4C composite was found to be increased by 20.5% than that of non-heat-treated composite which may be due to formation of coherent Mg2Si precipitates. The presence of B4C particles and gas porosity in the matrix of aluminum alloy tend to decrease the value of impact strength of composite and heat-treated composite.
An optimum design of one dimensional photonic crystal for solar cell applications
Authors: Sankar Karthika , Manoharan Rahna , Saif Safna , Priya Rose T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficient anti reflection (AR) coatings and back reflectors are crucial components for the better performance of a solar cell. Hence perfect designing of the same is very important. We propose the design of both these structures based on a multilayer dielectric system, a one dimensional photonic crystal, with maximum efficiency on the basis of optical interference transfer matrix theory. Optical parameters were optimized and transmission and reflection spectra were obtained using transfer matrix formulation via a personal computer using MATLAB program. Theoretical analysis has shown that a triple layer AR coating and a DBR based back reflector effectively enhance the efficiency of a solar cell.
A Review on Properties of Concrete with Magnetizing Cement
Authors: Gurram Kalyani , Pannirselvam N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The incorporation of strong magnetic powders (NdFeB) into cement mixtures has produced improved mechanical properties of cement pastes. The magnetic cement (cementitious magnet) used a simple and inexpensive cement process to form complex forms of the NdFeB magnet. Particulate NdFeB has been distributed uniformly in the cement matrix. The magnetic cement composites increased in density and compressive strength with the NdFeB concentration. Magnetization (stable up to one year) also increased with NdFeB powder but there was no improvement in coercivity. The introduction of magnetic particles into cement matrices has also been another important method in recent years to enhance the mechanical and other properties of cement-based materials. Nanoparticles (IONs) made from iron oxide (Fe2O3, Fe2O4) are among the most popular cement fillers. Cement composites mixed with IONs showed enhanced compressive strength, as well as other enhanced functions. This paper presents literature analysis of a study of magnetizing cement on concrete properties.
Recent advances on strong light-matter coupling in atomically thin TMDC semiconductor materials
Authors: Al-Ani Ibrahim A M , As’ham Khalil , Klochan Oleh , Hattori Haroldo T , Huang Lujun , Miroshnichenko Andrey E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The strong light–matter interaction between the exciton of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and photonic nanocavities leads to the formation of unique hybrid light-matter quasiparticles known as exciton-polaritons. The newly formed mixed state has the advantages of the photonic part such as rapid propagation and low effective mass and the highly desirable optical properties of TMDC’s exciton, including the interparticle strong interactions nonlinearity and spin-valley polarization. These joint properties make such systems an ideal platform for studying many compelling physics phenomena and open the possibility of designing novel optoelectronic devices. This work reviews recent progress of strong coupling between exciton in TMDC and different resonant photonic structures, such as optical microcavities, plasmonic and all-dielectric nanocavities. Furthermore, we discussed the unique valleytronic and nonlinear properties of TMDC monolayers in the strong coupling regime. Finally, we highlighted some of the challenges and potential future research opportunities in this field.
The behavior of sustainable self-compacting concrete reinforced with low-density waste Polyethylene fiber
Authors: Hamah Sor Nadhim , Ali Taghreed Khaleefa Mohammed , Vali Kolimi Shaiksha , Ahmed Hemn Unis , Faraj Rabar H. , Bheel Naraindas , Mosavi Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sustainable concrete production and recycling the construction wastes are of utmost importance for today’s sustainable urban development. In this study, low-density polyethylene waste was recycled in the form of fibers (LDPF) to produce eco-friendly fiber-reinforced sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC). The content of LDPF ranged from 0.5% to 3.5% at a raise of 0.5% of the mix’s volume. The SCC’s features in fresh and hardened states were tested. The slump flow diameter, T500, V-funnel, and L-box ratio were measured for the fresh properties. The compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were tested at the age of 28 days. However, the outcomes indicated that LPDF had some negative effect on the workability features, but all the results of SCC mixtures were within the standard limitations of SCC except that related to the L-box, which satisfied the standards up to 2% of LDPF. However, the incorporation of LDPF enhanced the mechanical properties, especially the flexural strength. The optimum ratio for the LPDF was 2%, which satisfies the required workability and the highest strength with modulus of elasticity. The thermal conductivity decreased with increasing LDPF content in the SCC mixtures.
Valley population of donor states in highly strained silicon
Authors: Voisin B , Ng K S H , Salfi J , Usman M , Wong J C , Tankasala A , Johnson B C , McCallum J C , Hutin L , Bertrand B , Vinet M , Valanoor N , Simmons M Y , Rahman R , Hollenberg L C L , Rogge S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strain is extensively used to controllably tailor the electronic properties of materials. In the context of indirect band-gap semiconductors such as silicon, strain lifts the valley degeneracy of the six conduction band minima, and by extension the valley states of electrons bound to phosphorus donors. Here, single phosphorus atoms are embedded in an engineered thin layer of silicon strained to 0.8% and their wave function imaged using spatially resolved spectroscopy. A prevalence of the out-of-plane valleys is confirmed from the real-space images, and a combination of theoretical modelling tools is used to assess how this valley repopulation effect can yield isotropic exchange and tunnel interactions in the xy-plane relevant for atomically precise donor qubit devices. Finally, the residual presence of in-plane valleys is evidenced by a Fourier analysis of both experimental and theoretical images, and atomistic calculations highlight the importance of higher orbital excited states to obtain a precise relationship between valley population and strain. Controlling the valley degree of freedom in engineered strained epilayers provides a new competitive asset for the development of donor-based quantum technologies in silicon.
Improvisation as a Method of Composition: Reconciling the Dichotomy
Authors: Davisson Katya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article builds upon existing scholarship concerning the relationship between improvisation and composition. Sections 1 to 3 comprise an exploration into and analysis of both the traditional understanding of improvisation and composition as opposing categories, as well as the more modern, nuanced view of their interpenetrating natures. I conclude that the former view should be replaced by the latter. Sections 4 and 5 present and subsequently negate two potential failings of my argument. First, I confront the problem posed by Goehr’s work-concept, whose essence is opposed to the spirit of improvisation, but argue that recording allows for the solidification of these improvisations into works. Secondly, I undermine the view that composition is creation ex nihilo whilst improvisation is the mere reworking of old material. I uncover the originality of improvisation and formulae of composition to restore their compatibility and reinforce improvisation’s status as a method of broad- and narrow-sense composition.
Developmental diversity in an endemic family of Patagonian frogs (Anura: Batrachylidae)
Authors: Grosso Jimena , Barrasso Diego A , Baldo Diego , Nuñez José J , Candioti Florencia Vera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Patagonian rainforest has environmental conditions that may have been appropriate for the evolution of different reproductive strategies in anurans. Despite its low species richness, the endemic family Batrachylidae has a wide diversity of reproductive modes. All species have exotrophic tadpoles, but oviposition sites may vary from lakes/ponds to the forest floor and tree holes. Here we study the embryonic development of five species to explore the morphological diversity and heterochronic shifts related to aquatic vs. terrestrial development. The main differences concern the length of the intracapsular period, morphology at tailbud stage, and gut and hind-limb development. Terrestrial embryos of Batrachyla have some peculiar features also reported in species with endotrophic development, such as yolk-rich eggs, poorly developed gills, precocious development of hind limbs and delayed gut coiling. Furthermore, observations on embryos releasing from the jelly layers with the vitelline membrane intact plus the likely absence of hatching gland cells at hatching stages make it likely that differences can occur in the hatching mechanism. Our results highlight that batrachylids and other neoaustraranans offer an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution and diversity of reproductive and developmental strategies divergent from aquatic/exotrophic development.
If We Look at Child Protection Reform through the Lens of Systems Science, What do we See?
Authors: Cullin Joel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The challenge of improving the functioning of child protection systems is a complex one shared by many governments internationally. In Australia alone, there have been dozens of public inquiries and reform efforts in this vitally important domain over the past four decades. The English system has also undergone numerous reforms, including that led by Munro a decade ago. Despite these efforts, systemic pathologies persist. This article views the challenges of child protection reform through the lens of the long-established transdisciplinary systems science of cybernetics. This article argues that reform efforts are often founded on an epistemological and ontological error. Despite pervasive recourse to use of the term ‘child protection system’, and reference to the need for ‘systemic’ change, reform efforts, to varying degrees, fail to operate from a basis in the established tenets of systems science. A critique is offered and some fundamental ‘rules’ that should inform such reform efforts are distilled. It is argued that to achieve positive and enduring change, these systems must be ‘built’ from the front line. It is also argued that the political context in which reform efforts take place is perhaps more of a hindering factor than is the complexity of the systems themselves.
Who killed social welfare?
Authors: Hartley Todd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Social welfare policy is a modernist enterprise that grew out of the Enlightenment project. By attacking the theoretical foundation of Enlightenment thought, postmodernism directly challenges the theoretical foundation of social welfare policy. As postmodern theory is increasingly used to ‘deconstruct’ social policy, the means to justify the welfare state are at risk of collapsing. It will be argued that, despite all its acclaim, postmodern theory has not only functioned as an ally of neoliberalism, postmodern theory has obscured the problems of mushrooming inequality, increasing privatisation of public and social services and, the erosion of the welfare state by framing these issues as questions of difference, diversity and choice. Through a re-examination of the Enlightenment project as it relates to the theoretical foundation of the welfare state, it will be argued that the welfare state requires a notion of collective responsibility, a position that is theoretically supported by psychoanalytic theory. Applied to social welfare, psychoanalytic theory could provide the intellectual tools to develop and justify policies; it offers a theoretical method to re-establish the welfare state as an ideal of the democratic project.
COVID-19 infection and renal injury: where is the place for acute interstitial nephritis disease?
Authors: León-Román Juan , Agraz Irene , Vergara Ander , Ramos Natalia , Toapanta Nestor , García-Carro Clara , Gabaldón Alejandra , Bury Roxana , Bermejo Sheila , Bestard Oriol , Soler María José 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Novel coronavirus disease infection (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 and since then has become a major public health problem. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection and acute kidney injury (AKI) is variable depending on several factors such as race/ethnicity and severity of illness. The pathophysiology of renal involvement in COVID-19 infection is not entirely clear, but it could be in part explained by the viral tropism in the kidney parenchyma. AKI in COVID-19 infection can be either by direct invasion of the virus or as a consequence of immunologic response. Diverse studies have focused on the effect of COVID-19 on glomerulonephritis (GN) patients or the ‘novo’ GN; however, the effect of COVID-19 in acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) has been scarcely studied. In this article, we present five cases with different spectrums of COVID-19 infection and ATIN that may suggest that recent diagnosis of ATIN is accompanied by a worse clinical prognosis in comparison with long-term diagnosed ATIN.
A meta-analysis of impacts of immune response and infection on oxidative status in vertebrates
Authors: Costantini David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInferring from patterns observed in biomedical research, ecoimmunological theory predicts that oxidative stress is a ubiquitous physiological cost that contributes to generating variation in immune function between individuals or species. This prediction is, however, often challenged by empirical studies testing the relationship between immune response or infection and oxidative status markers. This points out the importance of combining ecological immunology and oxidative stress ecology to further our understanding of the proximate causes and fitness consequences of individual variation in health, and adaptability to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. I reviewed evidence and performed phylogenetic meta-analyses of changes in oxidative status markers owing to either injection of an antigen or infection in captive and free-living vertebrates (141 studies, 1262 effect sizes, 97 species). The dataset was dominated by studies on fish, birds and mammals, which provided 95.8% of effect sizes. Both antigen injection and parasite exposure were associated with changes of oxidative status. There were significant effects of taxonomic class and experimental environment (captivity vs. wild). In contrast with my predictions, age category (young vs. adult), study design (correlational vs. experimental) and proxies of pace of life (clutch size, litter size, and body mass; for birds and mammals only) were negligible in this dataset. Several methodological aspects (type of immunostimulant, laboratory assay, tissue analysed) showed significant effects on both strength and direction of effect. My results suggest that alterations of oxidative status are a widespread consequence of immune function across vertebrates. However, this work also identified heterogeneity in strength and direction of effect sizes, which suggests that immune function does not necessarily result in oxidative stress. Finally, this work identifies methodological caveats that might be relevant for the interpretation and comparability of results and for the application in conservation programs.