bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research into unaccompanied refugee minors in family foster care: Promoting adaptive functioning?
Authors: Trenson Roman , Vanderfaeillie Johan , Thiele Ann‐Kathrin , Trogh Lenny , Van Holen Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs) are at high risk for trauma and maladaptive functioning. Although foster care is best suited to come forth to their needs, obtaining a better understanding of the strengths and flaws of foster care for URM can help to improve their development and psychological wellbeing. Twenty‐seven URM cared for in family foster care filled in questionnaires measuring trauma, behavioural difficulties, resilience and contact with persons from the home and host country, whilst their foster care workers assessed the quality of the living environment. URMs had more trauma symptoms than other immigrants and Belgian adolescents. Furthermore, compared to Belgian counterparts, levels of resilience were low. However, URM did not have more behavioural problems. The quality of the living environment in kinship care was worse than the quality in non‐kinship foster care, and social support and cultural sensitivity were protective factors. This study found evidence for developmental risks for URM in foster care. Integration, social support and a connection with the home culture were protective factors. Contrary to other studies, no evidence was found of kinship foster care being preferential.
Oral health‐related quality of life following peri‐implantitis surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Rustand Kristin , Aass Anne Merete , Sen Abhijit , Koldsland Odd Carsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this prospective study was to describe long‐term patient‐reported outcomes following surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.MethodsOral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 43 patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis was recorded using the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), where low scores indicate low impact. A Norwegian version of the OHIP‐14 form was filled out 1 week before and 6‐, 18‐ and 36 months after the peri‐implant surgery. The mean and median OHIP‐14 scores were calculated for its seven domains (i.e., Functional limitation, Physical pain, Psychological discomfort, Physical disability, Psychological disability, Social disability, and Handicap) across four different time points. The dataset was analyzed to find correlations between independent variables and the OHIP‐scores.ResultsThe OHIP‐14 scores were at a low level from baseline to 36 months post‐surgery. The mean scores at specific time points were at baseline 7.2 (SD 7.3), 6 months post‐surgery 6.0 (SD 6.9), 18 months post‐surgery 6.8 (SD 9.7), and 3 years post‐surgery 7.0 (SD 9.4). None of these changes were statistically significant. Specific domains of OHRQoL did not significantly differ across different time points (pre‐ and post‐surgery) in males (except for domain “Handicap”) or females (except for domain “Functional limitation”).ConclusionsThe reported OHIP‐14 measures were initially low and stayed low up to 3 years after peri‐implant surgery. This may indicate that neither the disease nor the treatment deteriorated or improved the OHRQoL.
Systemic oxidative stress in children with cystic fibrosis with bacterial infection including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Bennemann Gabriela Datsch , Moreira Emilia Addison Machado , Pereira Leticia Cristina Radin , de Freitas Maiara Brusco , de Oliveira Diane , Ventura Julia Carvalho , Parisotto Eduardo Benedetti , Moreno Yara Maria Franco , Trindade Erasmo Benicio Santos Moraes , Barbosa Eliana , Ludwig Neto Norberto , Wilhelm Filho Danilo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionOxidative stress (OS) occurs in cystic fibrosis (CF).ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of bacterial infection on biomarkers of OS (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidade [GPx], reduced glutathione [GSH]), markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls [PC], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), together with the nutritional status and lung function in children with CF.MethodsCross‐sectional study including CF group (CFG, n = 55) and control group (CG, n = 31), median age: 3.89 and 4.62 years, respectively. CFG was distributed into CFG negative bacteriology (CFGB−, n = 27) or CFG positive bacteriology (CFGB+, n = 28), and CFG negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CFGPa−, n = 36) or CFG positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CFGPa+, n = 19).ResultsCompared with CG, CFG (P = .034) and CFGB+ (P = .042) had lower body mass index‐for‐age z‐score; forced expiratory volume in the first second was lower in CFGB+ and CFGPa+ (both P < .001). After adjusting for confounders and compared with CG: CFG showed higher TBARS (P ≤ .001) and PC (P = .048), and lower CAT (P = .004) and GPx (P = .003); the increase in PC levels was observed in CFGB+ (P = .011) and CFGPa+ (P = .001) but not in CFGB− (P = .510) and CFGPa− (P = .460).ConclusionsThese results indicate a systemic OS in children with CF. The presence of bacterial infection particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to be determinant to exacerbate the oxidative damage to proteins, in which PC may be a useful biomarker of OS in CF.
S1 guideline: Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic redness of the lower legs
Authors: Zidane Miriam , Jungkunz Hans‐Wilfried , Kahle Birgit , Miller Anya , Ochsendorf Falk , Sunderkötter Cord , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Wurpts Gerda , Nast Alexander 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAcute or chronic redness of the lower leg is a frequent reason for visits to clinics and practices. The differential diagnosis is often challenging. The aim of this guideline is to define criteria and procedures for the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral redness of the lower leg. Finding the correct diagnosis is essential for selecting an appropriate treatment and can help to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics. The guideline committee identified the most relevant differential diagnoses: 1. erysipelas, 2. stasis dermatitis, 3. hyperergic ictus reaction, 4. superficial and deep vein thrombosis, 5. gout, 6. chronic allergic contact dermatitis, and 7. acute toxic or allergic contact dermatitis. Algorithms/diagnostic pathways, each of which can be broken down into anamnesis, clinical examination, and diagnostics, have been developed for these seven diagnoses. In addition, the guideline group identified over 40 other relevant diagnoses and summarized their characteristics in a table to facilitate further differential diagnoses.
Brook trout occupancy in rivers and streams of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, Ontario
Authors: Smith Darren A. , Giacomini Henrique Corrêa , de Kerckhove Derrick T. , Ball Helen , Gutowsky Lee F. G. , Chu Cindy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are an iconic freshwater salmonid native to northeastern North America. They prefer cold, clean rivers and lakes, and have been culturally, socially and economically valued for decades. Overharvest and deforestation associated with European settlement in southern Ontario, Canada led to notable declines in brook trout abundance in rivers and streams by the late 1800s. Today, they are threatened by further habitat degradation, non‐native species, and climate change. In this study, we document brook trout occupancy in rivers and streams of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone in southern Ontario, between 1970–1980 and 2000–2010. We used generalised linear models to determine occupancy variation between the two time periods at five spatial scales spanning multiple watershed levels. We detected a decline in occupancy between time periods for the tertiary (from 23% to 17%) and quaternary (from 35% to 22%) watershed scales. In the Credit River‐Sixteen Mile Creek watershed, mean occupancy decreased to a third of past estimate (from 31% to 10%). For a subset of 86 sites with overlapping sampling in both periods no temporal trend was detected, but a post‐hoc analysis indicated low statistical power (0.07), which suggested that more intensive sampling would be needed to better quantify brook trout occupancy changes at this scale. The occupancies quantified for the past period in our study may serve as benchmarks for brook trout restoration efforts.
Body size responses to the combined effects of climate and land use changes within an urban framework
Authors: Martin Amanda K. , Sheridan Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlterations in body size can have profound impacts on an organism's life history and ecology with long‐lasting effects that span multiple biological scales. Animal body size is influenced by environmental drivers, including climate change and land use change, the two largest current threats to biodiversity. Climate warming has led to smaller body sizes of many species due to impacts on growth (i.e., Bergmann's rule and temperature‐size rule). Conversely, urbanization, which serves as a model for investigating the effects of land use changes, has largely been demonstrated to cause size increases, but few studies have examined the combined influences of climate and land use changes on organism size. We present here the background theory on how each of these factors is expected to influence body size, summarize existing evidence of how size has recently been impacted by climate and land use changes, and make several recommendations to guide future research uniting these areas of focus. Given the rapid pace of climate change and urbanization, understanding the combined effects of climate and land use changes on body size is imperative for biodiversity preservation.
A Subset of SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient vulvar neoplasms express germ cell markers
Authors: Hammer Phoebe M , Kolin David L , Charville Gregory W , McCluggage W Glenn , Howitt Brooke E 
Published: June 2022

AimsSMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient vulvar neoplasms comprise a group of rare tumours that include epithelioid sarcoma (ES), myoepithelial carcinoma (MEC), the recently described myoepithelioma‐like tumour of the vulvar region (MELTVR), and sarcomas that are difficult to classify. It has been suggested that so‐called vulvar yolk sac tumours (YST) may represent morphologic variants of SMARCB1‐deficient tumours; thus, we investigated the immunoreactivity of germ cell markers in SMARCB1‐deficient vulvar neoplasms.Methods and resultsTen SMARCB1‐deficient vulvar neoplasms were stained with germ cell tumour markers (SALL4, glypican‐3, OCT3/4, and AFP) and re‐reviewed for morphologic features. The tumours occurred in adult females (median age 41 years) and included ES (n = 7), MELTVR (n = 2), and MEC (n = 1). All cases showed loss of SMARCB1 expression. Four cases (40%) were focally positive for SALL4 in areas with morphology of typical‐appearing ES. One of these cases also showed focal staining for OCT3/4. One ES showed a transition from typical‐appearing ES to YST‐like morphology, with diffuse expression of SALL4 and glypican‐3, and focal expression of AFP, in these latter areas. All other tested cases were negative for AFP.ConclusionOur study reveals that SALL4, glypican‐3, and OCT3/4 are positive in a subset of SMARCB1‐deficient vulvar neoplasms, which may pose a diagnostic challenge and result in consideration of a germ cell tumour. We also highlight a case with transition from ES to YST‐like morphology, lending further support that YSTs of the vulva are somatically derived SMARCB1‐deficient neoplasms and do not represent true germ‐cell neoplasia.
Microsatellite instability in rectal cancer: what does it mean? A study of two randomized trials and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Swets Marloes , Graham Martinez Cristina , van Vliet Shannon , van Tilburg Arjan , Gelderblom Hans , Marijnen Corrie A M , van de Velde Cornelis J H , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: June 2022

AimCurrently, compelling evidence illustrates the significance of determining microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC). The association of MSI with proximal CRC is well established, however, its implications in patients with rectal cancer remain undefined. We therefore aimed to determine the role of MSI with respect to incidence and outcome in patients with rectal cancer.Methods and ResultsFor this we examined patients from two prospective phase III trials: TME trial and PROCTOR‐SCRIPT trial (n = 1250). In addition, we performed a literature review to evaluate the overall prevalence, the effect on survival and the response to neo‐adjuvant treatment in patients with MSI rectal cancer compared with microsatellite stable (MSS) rectal cancer. Our TME and PROCTOR‐SCRIPT cohort showed no differences in terms of overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.47) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68–1.45) in patients with MSI compared to MSS rectal cancer. The total number of MSI cases in all included studies (including our own) was 1220 (out of 16,526 rectal cancer patients), with an overall prevalence of 6.7% (standard error 1.19%). Both for OS as for DFS there was no impact of MSI status on prognosis (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.77–1.29 and HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.60–1.22, respectively). The risk ratio (RR) for downstaging and pathological complete response showed also no impact of MSI status (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.86–1.55 and RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54–1.22, respectively).ConclusionRectal cancer patients with MSI form a distinct and rare subcategory, however, there is no prognostic effect of MSI in rectal cancer patients.
Harmonizing platelet function analyzer testing and reporting in a large laboratory network
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Mohammed Soma , Vong Ronny , Chapman Kent , Kershaw Geoffrey , Just Sarah , Connelly Lynne , Ryan Michael , Zebeljan Diane , Brighton Timothy , Pasalic Leonardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe platelet function analyzer (PFA) is a popular platelet function screening instrument, highly sensitive to von Willebrand disease (VWD) and to aspirin therapy, with moderate sensitivity to defects in platelet function and/or deficiencies in platelet number. There are two models, the original PFA‐100 and the contemporary PFA‐200. Normal reference ranges (NRRs) provided by the manufacturer are the same for both models, instead being based on the type of test cartridge, for which there are two main ones: collagen/epinephrine (C/Epi) and collagen/adenosine diphosphate (C/ADP).MethodsComparative evaluations of PFA testing and reporting in six different sites of a large pathology network, aiming to harmonize NRRs and test reporting across all network sites. A separate comparative study of testing a range of samples (n > 150) on a PFA‐100 versus that on a PFA‐200. Review of contemporary literature.ResultsEach site was identified to have a different reporting NRR, which after consolidating data permitted establishment of an agreed harmonized NRR for use across the network (C/Epi: 90–160; C/ADP: 70–124; based on n > 180). Similarly, each site reported and interpreted results in different ways, and after discussion and consolidation, a harmonized approach to interpretation and reporting was achieved. The separate comparative study of PFA‐100 versus PFA‐200 testing confirmed instrument equivalence.ConclusionWe achieved harmonized NRRs and reporting for PFA testing across a large pathology network. Our approach may be useful for other laboratory networks wishing to harmonize PFA testing.
Genomic and phenotypic divergence‐with‐gene‐flow across an ecological and elevational gradient in a neotropical bird
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cajarville María José , Campagna Leonardo , Lima‐Rezende Cássia Alves , Carboni Martín , Tubaro Pablo L. , Cabanne Gustavo Sebastián 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimSome species have populations that vary in ecologically relevant traits along environmental gradients, which is a pattern often generated by secondary contact post divergence in allopatry. However, an alternative explanation for such a pattern would be primary contact, where populations diverge in the presence of gene flow through the action of strong natural selection. We aimed to test the divergence‐with‐gene‐flow model across an environmental gradient in a Chaco‐Andes dry forest bird.LocationCentral Andes Mountain range and Chaco region of Argentina and Bolivia.TaxonPhytotoma rutila (Aves, Cotingidae).MethodsWe generated ddRADseq loci for 23 individuals and obtained body size variation data for 146 museum specimens. We evaluated population genetic structure and tested the effects of elevation and isolation by geographic distance on genomic divergence. To distinguish divergence in allopatry from divergence‐with‐gene‐flow, we compared the divergence of phenotypic traits (bill, tarsus and wing) with neutral genomic variation (S‐test and PST–FST comparisons), conducted coalescent analyses to estimate gene flow and divergence time, and calculated relative (FST) versus absolute (DXY) genomic divergence.ResultsWe found (a) P. rutila differs genomically and phenotypically following the highland‐lowland axis of the study region, with altitudinal variation explaining genomic variation; (b) larger phenotypic than neutral genomic divergence; (c) asymmetric gene flow between Andean and Chacoan populations; and (d) a pattern of relative and absolute genomic differentiation compatible with divergence‐with‐gene‐flow.Main conclusionsThe mechanism behind the morphological and genomic diversification along the Chaco‐Andes dry forest belt in P. rutila is divergence‐with‐gene‐flow. Diversification in South America implicates gene flow between populations and natural selection following environmental gradients, as well as vicariance. This complex combination contrasts with the traditional idea that speciation in birds occurred primarily in allopatry.
On the necessity (or lack thereof) of digital proctoring: Drawbacks, perceptions, and alternatives
Authors: Duncan Alex , Joyner David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is important for institutions of higher education to maintain academic integrity, both for students and the institutions themselves. Proctoring is one way of accomplishing this, and with the increasing popularity of online courses—along with the sudden shift to online education sparked by the COVID‐19 pandemic—digital proctoring has seen an increase in use. However, there are privacy and bias concerns related to digital proctoring, so it is important to critically examine its role in higher education—when it should and should not be used, and how it is perceived among those who interact with it.ObjectivesIn this paper, we: examine the features of and concerns about digital proctoring; analyse the results of a survey regarding student and teaching assistant (TA) attitudes towards digital proctoring; and present alternatives to digital proctoring and a framework for evaluating the need for a digital proctoring tool.MethodsWe surveyed students and TAs in an online graduate computer science program, asking them to provide their agreement or disagreement with 20 statements related to digital proctoring. For each response option on each statement, we calculated overall percentages as well as percentages broken out by demographics. We compared these percentages to develop a picture of student and TA perceptions.Results and ConclusionsStudents and TAs alike are generally tolerant of digital proctoring software and perceive some benefits to using it, including adding integrity to course grades and value to degree programs. However, they have some concerns in the areas of privacy, equity, and technical difficulties.TakeawaysDigital proctoring software should be used only when necessary, with thought devoted to its impact on students and TAs and any concerns they may have. There exist alternative methods for maintaining academic integrity in a course. The framework we have presented can help with determining the need for digital proctoring.
The Differentiation Paradox of European Integration: Why Going it Alone Produces Suboptimal Results1
Authors: Biermann Felix 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferentiation is not only a design feature of European integration, it is also a Member State strategy to overcome preference divergence. However, putting together an optimal group is difficult: Either the resulting club lacks the capacity to produce the club good efficiently; or differentiation attempts lead to an equally suboptimal outcome of a club too large and too heterogeneous to be effective. This paper develops an explanation of this differentiation paradox. When an avant‐garde group proposes differentiation, the presence or absence of its go‐it‐alone power determines the outcome. The former leads to suboptimally large clubs due to the bandwagoning dynamic that produces a cascade. By contrast, the absence of go‐it‐alone power triggers a blockade and results in suboptimally small clubs. This actor‐centred approach to differentiated integration is tested by analysing the establishment of Permanent Structured Co‐operation in security and defence, which declined from an ambitious idea into a diluted reality.
Endogeneity in pharmaceutical knowledge generation: An instrument‐free copula approach for Poisson frontier models
Authors: Haschka Rouven E. , Herwartz Helmut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study provides an assessment of the R&D–patent relation of European pharmaceutical firms that are not flawed by endogeneity biases. Firms invest in R&D and generate latent knowledge which then manifests in observable patent outcomes through a Poisson model. The process of turning R&D into knowledge is described by a production process subject to inefficiency and endogeneity. To estimate a Poisson stochastic frontier model, the suggested novel copula‐based approach directly accounts for the dependence between the endogenous regressors and the inefficiency component. Hence, its implementation does not require any instrumental variables. Simulation results underline that the proposed estimator outperforms conventional instrumental variable estimators. Neglecting endogeneity leads to a substantial underestimation of the R&D elasticity of patents generated in the European pharmaceutical industry.
Effects of fruit tissue pH value on the Penicillium expansum growth, patulin accumulation and distribution
Authors: Wang Min , Du Yamin , Jiao Wenxiao , Fu Maorun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractpH is an important environmental factor for the virulence of fungi. To explore the effect of tissue pH on the diffusion behavior of Penicillium expansum and patulin, pear (pH 4.98), apple (pH 3.72) and kiwifruit (pH 3.31) were selected to inoculate P. expansum. When the diameter of the lesion was 1 cm or 2 cm, tissues within a certain distance (0, 1, 2, and 3 cm) from the lesion were sampled. Results showed that low pH could inhibit the growth of P. expansum and hinder patulin accumulation in the decayed parts. The quantity of P. expansum was 1.99 × 105 CFU/g and patulin content was 13.84 mg/kg in pear, which were 6.86 times and 92.89 times of that in kiwi‐fruit (lesion diameter 2 cm). In addition, the P. expansum colonies and patulin content decreased with the distance from the lesion, but there was no correlation between tissue pH and patulin distribution.Novelty impact statement

Low fruit tissue pH (pH < 4.98 ± 0.08) would inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum and hinder the accumulation of patulin in the decayed parts.

The pH value of the fruit tissue affects the diffusion behavior of P. expansum and patulin in different decayed fruits.