bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Assisted Task-sharing to Bridge the Treatment Gap for Childhood Developmental Disorders in Rural Pakistan: an Implementation Science Case Study
Authors: Hamdani Syed Usman , Huma Zill-e- , Wissow Lawrence S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: As in many low-income countries, the treatment gap for developmental disorders in Pakistan is near 100%. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the mental Health Gap Intervention guide (mhGAP-IG) to train non-specialists in the delivery of evidence-based mental health interventions in low resource settings. However, a key challenge to scale-up of non-specialist-delivered interventions is designing training programs that promote fidelity at-scale in low resource settings. In this case study, we report the experience of using a tablet device-based application to train non-specialist, family volunteers in leading a group parent skills training program, culturally adapted from the mhGAP-IG, with fidelity at-scale in rural community settings of Pakistan. Methods: The implementation evaluation was conducted as a part of the mhGAP-IG implementation in the pilot sub-district of Gujar Khan. Family volunteers used a technology-assisted approach to deliver the parent skills training in 15 rural Union Councils (UCs). We used the Proctor and RE-AIM frameworks in a mixed-methods design to evaluate the volunteers’ competency and fidelity to the intervention. Outcome was measured with the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT), during training and program implementation. Data on other implementation outcomes including intervention dosage, acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness and reach was collected from program trainers, family volunteers and caregivers of children 6-months post-program implementation. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using framework and descriptive analysis, respectively. Results: We trained 36 volunteers in delivering the program using technology. All volunteers were female with the mean age of 39 (±4.38) years. The volunteers delivered the program to 270 caregivers in group sessions with good fidelity (scored 2.5 out of 4 on each domain of the fidelity measure). More than 85% of the caregivers attended 6 or more of 9 sessions. Quantitative analysis showed high levels of acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness and reach of the program. Qualitative results indicated that the use of tablet device-based application, and the cultural appropriateness of the adapted intervention content, contributed to the successful implementation of the program. Conclusions: Technology can be used to train non-specialist family volunteers in delivering evidence-based intervention at-scale with fidelity in low resource settings of Pakistan.
EGR1 Regulates the Thickning of The Peroneal Tendon in Taekwondo Athletes by Activating the STAT3 Pathway, Thereby Increasing the Risk of Dislocation
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Li Bohan , Zhang Zhiyu , Yuan Fusheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Taekwondo is a very popular sport today. Due to higher training intensity, ankle instability and PTD are common among Taekwondo athletes which may ruin their careers. However, the risk factors and mechanisms of the disease, appropriate treatment methods or preventive measures have not been systematically studied, and this research aims to solve these problems.
Methods
A large number of Taekwondo athletes have undergone long-term specialist examinations, treatments and postoperative follow-ups. Intraoperative observation and imaging evidence confirmed that the width of the peroneal tendon of Taekwondo athletes was significantly higher than that of the general population, which is one of the cause of PTD.While giving to athletes surgical treatment(multiple reviet technique), we obtained the extraneous tissue in the thickened part of the peroneal tendon from some athletes for follow-up experimental research.
Results
We found that the concentration of IL-20 in the matrix is relative higher in the thickened peroneal tendon, and it is positively correlated with the expression of EGR1 in fibroblasts, while the dysregulation of EGR1 will activate STAT3 Pathway, and regulate the thickening of the peroneal tendon in a variety of ways.Based on the professional characteristics of athletes ,the high incidence of PTD among Taekwondo athletes makes it more important to prevent it. According to the experience of Chinese orthopedics, Astragalus polysaccharide is creatively used as a preventive drug to some athletes who have a high risk of PTD, it was found that the use of APS had a satisfactory effect on delaying the thickening of the peroneal tendon of athletes and reducing the incidence of dislocation. At the same time, the preventive effect of APS was confirmed through several groups of clinical cases, and the mechanism of APS to prevent PTD was also speculated.
Conclusions
EGR1 regulates the thickning of the peroneal tendon in Taekwondo athletes by activating the STAT3 pathway, the importance of prophylactic useof APS to reduce the thickening of the peroneal tendon.
Molecular phylogeny based on its sequences of nrDNA ITS of Adonis (Linnaeus, 1753) (Ranunculaceae) from various ecological sites of Turkey
Authors: KARAHAN FARUK , İlcim Ahmet , Türkoğlu Aras , ilhan Emre , Haliloğlu Kamil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Genus Adonis (Linnaeus, 1753) contains approximately 40 annual and perennial species, which are widely distributed in the temperate zones of Asia and Europe, and less frequently in southwestern Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean region. In the present study, molecular phylogeny of genus Adonis L. from Turkey was evaluated with the aid of nrDNA ITS. Methods Samples of 10 natural Adonis taxa belonging to 21 different populations including 64 Adonis ecotypes were collected from different regions of the country during vegetation period between 2014 and 2018. ITS1, ITS4, P16 and P25 primers within Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) technique were used to estimate infraspecific variation in different populations of Adonis species. Results We identified about 600 bp DNA sequences were obtained from 21 different populations including 64 Adonis ecotypes. The dendrogram obtained from Adonis species and out-group sequences had two large main groups. While the out-group species were placed in the first large main group, the sect. Consiligo (perennial) and sect. Adonis (annuals) were placed in different sub-groups of the second large main group. Genetic similarity among Adonis species varied between A. microcarpa and A. dentata (98.46%). Conclusions Present analyses revealed that phylogenetic classification (grouping) of Adonis taxa largely depended on morphological structure and present ITS primers were quite efficient in putting forth the genetic diversity of such species. The results obtained from molecular data can be used to explore the genetic variation pattern, population structure, and the evolutionary history of natural Adonis species in the future.
Novel Recombinant Human Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Aiding Post-operative Assessment of Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer--Phase I/II Study
Authors: Lin Yan-Song , Yang Hui , Li Xiao-Yi , Wu Li-Qing , Xu Jin-Guo , Yang Ai-Min , Gao Zai-Rong , Ding Yong , Zhang Ying-Qiang , Chen Kai , Mu Zhuan-Zhuan , Jia Jian-Min , Niu Na , Sun Di , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shao-Qiang , Geng Qian-Qian , Zhang Ya-Jing , Chen Fang-Ni , He Bao-Xia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) inevitably induced hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH, ZGrhTSH) as an alternative of THW in China.Methods Totally, 64 DTC patients were enrolled with 24 in the dose-escalation cohort equally grouped into 0.9 mg×1d, 0.9 mg×2d, 1.8 mg×1d and 1.8 mg×2d dosage, and 40 further enrolled into 0.9 mg×2d dose-expansion cohort. All patients underwent both ZGrhTSH phase and levothyroxine (L-T4) withdrawal phase for self-comparison in terms of TSH levels, the radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake, stimulated thyroglobulin level, and the quality of life (QoL).Results In ZGrhTSH phase, no major serious adverse events was observed, mild symptom of headache was observed in 6.3%, lethargy in 4.7%, asthenia in 3.1% of the patients, and mostly resolved spontaneously within 2 days. Concordant RAI uptake was noticed in 89.1% (57/64) of the patients between ZGrhTSH and L-T4 withdrawal phases. The concordant thyroglobulin level with a cut-off of 1 mg/L was noticed in 84.7% (50/59) of the patients without the interference of anti-thyroglobulin antibody. The QoL was far better during ZGrhTSH phase than L-T4 withdrawal phase, with lower Billewicz (-51.30±4.70 vs. -39.10±16.61, P<0.001) and POMS (91.70±16.70 vs. 100.40±22.11, P=0.011) scores which indicate the lower the better. Serum TSH level rose from basal 0.11±0.12 mU/L to a peak of 122.11±42.44 mU/L 24h after the last dose of ZGrhTSH. In L-T4 withdrawal phase, a median of 23 days after L-T4 withdrawal was needed, with the mean TSH level of 82.20±31.37 mU/L. The half-life for ZGrhTSH clearance was about 20h.Conclusion The ZGrhTSH held the promise to be a safe and effective modality in facilitating RAI uptake and serum thyroglobulin stimulation, with better QoL of patients with DTC compared with L-T4 withdrawal.
The distribution of ultrasound cyclo plasty probe models in Chinese glaucoma patients
Authors: Zheng Shaoyang , Wang Dingqiao , Huang Zhihong , Chen Liming , Tang Zhixin , Hu Huanling , Hu Meng , Zuo Chengguo , Lin Mingkai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the distribution of ultrasound cyclo plasty (UCP) probe models in Chinese glaucoma patients.Methods Patients need glaucoma surgery were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2019 to December 2019. Patient demographics were recorded and analyzed. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), mean defect of visual field (MD), ocular axial length (AL) and horizontal corneal diameter (white to white, WTW) of eyes with glaucoma were measured and the UCP probe models were calculated by the use of nomogram tool and two ocular anatomical parameters: WTW and AL.Results 2000 eyes of 1281 patients were involved in this study, with 559 (43.64%) males and 722 (56.36%) females. The mean age is 61.43 ± 12.21 years old, ranged from 18 to 91. IOP ranged from 5.0 to 60.0 mmHg, with a mean of 20.07±10.71 mmHg. The mean AL and WTW are 22.96 ± 1.43 (ranged 19.07 to 35.00) and 11.55 ± 0.50 (ranged 9.6 to 13.7), respectively. According to the results calculated by nomogram tool, Chinese patients’ eyes are mainly adapted to the model 12, with a percentage of 69.05%. The model 13 and the model 11 are suitable for 26.65% and 3.35%, respectively. 0.95% of Chinese patients do not have a suitable probe model.Conclusion For Chinese patients who need glaucoma surgery, UCP probe models are mainly distributed in the model 12, followed by the model 13 and model 11 is the least used.
Efficacy of ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Beta, Delta and Omicron in the Syrian hamster model
Authors: Doremalen Neeltje van , Schulz Jonathan E. , Adney Danielle R. , Saturday Taylor A. , Fischer Robert J. , Yinda Claude Kwe , Thakur Nazia , Newman Joseph , Ulaszewska Marta , Belij-Rammerstorfer Sandra , Saturday Greg , Spencer Alexandra J. , Bailey Dalan , Gilbert Sarah C. , Lambe Teresa , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient simian adenovirus–vectored vaccine encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, based on the first published full-length sequence (Wuhan-1). AZD1222 was shown to have 74% vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic disease in clinical trials and over 2.5 billion doses of vaccine have been released for worldwide use. However, SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and consequently, variants of concern (VoCs) have been detected, with substitutions in the S protein that are associated with a reduction in virus neutralizing antibody titer. Updating vaccines to include S proteins of VoCs may be beneficial over boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein, even though current real-world data is suggesting good efficacy against hospitalization and death following boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein. Using the Syrian hamster model, we evaluated the effect of a single dose of AZD2816, encoding the S protein of the Beta VoC, and efficacy of AZD1222/AZD2816 as a heterologous primary series against challenge with the Beta or Delta variant. We then investigated the efficacy of a single dose of AZD2816 or AZD1222 against the Omicron VoC. As seen previously, minimal to no viral sgRNA could be detected in lungs of vaccinated animals obtained at 5 days post inoculation, in contrast to lungs of control animals. Thus, these vaccination regimens are protective against the Beta, Delta, and Omicron VoCs in the hamster model.
Ramadan fasting outcome among high-risk patients.
Authors: Ketbi Latifa Baynouna Al , Nagelkerke Nico , AlZarouni Amal , AlKwuiti Mouza , AlGhafli Mona , Qahtani Salama Al , AlKaabi Bushra , AlKaabi Mariam , Ahbabi Ali Al , AlZeyoudi Yousef , AlKetheri Khloud , AlNabooda Khawla , AlTenaiji Khadija , AlAlawi Ali , Abdelbaqi Hanan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:The literature is building for guiding the decision for Chronic Kidney Diseases, CKD, patients fasting Ramadan. However, it is mainly considering one outcome, the impact on renal function. This study aims to assess factors influencing Ramadan fasting in patients with CKD.Method:This is a prospective before and after cohort study. CKD patients were consoled regarding fasting as part of a quality project and followed Ramadan for renal function status, fasting Ramadan, and other significant outcomes. Results:Of these 360 patients who attended the pre-Ramadan consultation, 304 were reachable after Ramadan, and 67.1% of them reported that they did fast, 4.9% attempted to fast but had to stop, and 28% did not fast a single day. They were 55.3% females, compared to 44.7% males (69.9%). They were; stage 3A (68.1%), stage 3B 21.7%, stage 4 7.9% and only 2% were stage 5. Of those who did fast, 11.1% had a drop of eGFR of 20% or more. While those who did not fast (16.7%) had a similar drop. On the other hand, among the few who attempted to fast and had to stop fasting, half had a drop in eGFR of more than 20%. In linear regression, when controlling for the CKD stage, age, gender, and comorbidity, the only predictor of drop-in eGFR was a higher percentage of the drop since last year and a lower eGFR before Ramadan. There were 17 (5.6%) significant events, including one death. More significant events were among the group who did fast, where 50% experienced an adverse event, while 16.7% were among the group who did not fast and 11.1% were among those who did fast. Conclusion:Fasting was not a significant determinantal factor in renal function deterioration in the studies population, neither was it having any significant association with adverse events.
Annelid functional genomics reveal the origins of bilaterian life cycles
Authors: Martín-Durán Jose , Liang Yan , Martín-Zamora Francisco M. , Guynes Kero , Carrillo-Baltodano Allan , Tan Yongkai , Moggioli Giacomo , Seudre Oceane , Tran Martin , Martimer Kate , Luscombe Nicholas , Hejnol Andreas , Marlétaz Ferdinand 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages, and thus larvae are central to most scenarios for animal evolution. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that changes in the timing of trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. Combining chromosome-scale genome sequencing with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling in the slow-evolving oweniid Owenia fusiformis, we found that different genes and genomic regulatory elements control the development of its feeding larva and adult stage. First, O. fusiformis embryos develop into an enlarged anterior domain that forms larval tissues and the adult head, as posterior growth and trunk patterning is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages. These traits also occur in the so-called "head larvae" of other bilaterians, with whom O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Conversely, animals with non-feeding larvae and gradual metamorphoses, such as the annelid Capitella teleta, start trunk differentiation during embryogenesis, like direct developers. Together, our findings suggest that the ancestral temporal decoupling of head and trunk formation, as retained in extant "head larvae", allowed larval evolution in Bilateria, questioning prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option or innovation of gene regulatory programmes to explain larva and adult origins.
Inulin addition improved probiotic survival in soy-based fermented beverage
Authors: Iraporda Carolina , Rubel Irene A. , Managó Nicole , Manrique Guillermo D. , Garrote Graciela L. , Abraham Analía G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Currently, the growing demand for non-dairy functional foods leads to the constant development of new products. The objective of the present work was to obtain a soy-based fermented beverage employing the strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CIDCA 8327 or Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BGP1 and to analyze the effect of post-fermentation addition of inulin on the bacterial resistance. Also, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the fermented soy-based beverages were analyzed. The soy-based matrix was shown to be a suitable substrate for the growth of both lactic acid bacteria, and the fermented beverages obtained presented bioactive properties such us antioxidant activity and bactericidal effect against pathogen microorganisms. The addition of inulin after the fermentation process avoid the hydrolysis and so, preserve its polymerization degree and thus the potential prebiotic effect. The soy-based fermented beverages containing inulin showed higher bacterial viability during refrigerated storage. Also, the addition of high polymerization degree inulin to the beverage obtained by fermentation with L. paracasei BGP1 increased the tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions of this strain. Finally, the strain L. plantarum CIDCA 8327 exhibited the best performance in the growth rate, antimicrobial activity, and viability in the fermented soy-based beverage developed also the survival after gastrointestinal treatment. These results may result attractive considering the possibility of using, together with inulin, novel strains potentially suitable for the development of functional non-dairy products, contributing to diversify the type of agri-based food products.
Warming does not delay the start of autumnal leaf coloration but slows its progress rate
Authors: Jiang Nan , Shen Miaogen , Ciais Philippe , Campioli Matteo , Peñuelas Josep , Körner Christian , Cao Ruyin , Piao Shilong , Liu Licong , Wang Shiping , Liang Eryuan , Delpierre Nicolas , Soudani Kamel , Rao Yuhan , Montagnani Leonardo , Hörtnagl Lukas , Paul-Limoges Eugénie , Myneni Ranga , Wohlfahrt Georg , Fu Yongshuo , Šigut Ladislav , Varlagin Andrej , Chen Jin , Tang Yanhong , Zhao Wenwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: Initiation of autumnal leaf senescence is critical for plant overwintering and ecosystem dynamics. Previous studies focused solely on the advanced stages of autumnal leaf senescence and claimed that climatic warming delays senescence, despite the fundamental differences among the stages of senescence. However, the timing of onset of leaf coloration (DLCO), the earliest visual sign of senescence, has been rarely studied. Our aim is to assess the response of DLCO to temperature across the Northern Hemisphere.Location: 30–75°N in the Northern Hemisphere.Time period: 2000–2018.Major taxa studied: Deciduous vegetation.Methods: We retrieved DLCO from high temporal-resolution satellite data, which was then validated by PhenoCam observations. We then investigated the temporal changes in DLCO and the relationship between DLCO and temperature by using DLCO from satellite data and ground phenological observations. We further estimated the timing of onset of autumnal decline in maximum canopy photosynthetic capacity, an indicator of leaf senescence earlier than DLCO, from FLUXNET CO2 fluxes data, and assessed its response to temperature.Results: DLCO was not significantly (P < 0.05) delayed between 2000 and 2018 in 94% of the area. DLCO was positively correlated with pre-DLCO mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin) in only 9% of the area, likely because of the overriding photoperiodic control, particularly for woody vegetation, whereas the end of leaf coloration (DLCE) was positively correlated with pre-DLCE mean Tmin over a larger area (34%).Main conclusions: The coloration progress rate is more sensitive than its start date to temperature, indicating an extension of the duration of leaf senescence under warming. This study indicates that the leaf coloration onset was not responsive to climate warming and provides observational evidence of photoperiod control of autumnal leaf senescence at biome and continental scales.
Issues and Recommendations for the Residual Approach to Quantifying Cognitive Resilience and Reserve
Authors: Elman Jeremy A. , Vogel Jacob W. , Bocancea Diana I. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Loenhoud Anna C. , Tu Xin M. , Kremen William S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cognitive reserve and resilience are terms used to explain interindividual variability in maintenance of cognitive health in response to adverse factors, such as brain pathology in the context of aging or neurodegenerative disorders. There is substantial interest in identifying tractable substrates of resilience to potentially leverage this phenomenon into intervention strategies. One way of operationalizing cognitive reserve/resilience that has gained popularity is the residual method: regressing cognition on an adverse factor and using the residual as a measure of resilience. This method is attractive because it provides a statistical approach that is an intuitive match to the reserve/resilience conceptual framework. However, due to statistical properties of the regression equation, the residual approach has qualities that complicate its interpretation as an index of resilience and make it statistically inappropriate in certain circumstances. Methods and Results: Using both simulations and real data, we demonstrate that in most real-life scenarios, the residual measure of cognitive resilience is highly correlated with cognition, the dependent variable from which it is derived, and the degree of this correlation depends on the initial relationship between the adverse factor and cognition. Subsequently, any association between this resilience metric and an external variable may actually be driven by cognition, rather than by an operationalized measure of resilience. This limitation becomes especially troublesome when the resilience metric is incorporated into models testing a cognition-dependent variable, such as cognitive decline or change in cognitive status. Conclusions: We briefly summarize strategies proposed as potential solutions. However, we conclude these solutions may be insufficient, and we instead recommend against "pre-regression" strategies altogether, in favor of using statistical moderation (e.g., interactions) to quantify resilience. Caution should be taken in the use and interpretation of the residual-based method of cognitive resilience, but we encourage continued work toward operationalizing this very important phenomenon.