bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infestation and growth ofTribolium confusum(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on two varieties of local durum wheat: nutritional value and varietal susceptibility
Authors: Faouzia Haffari , Malika Boualem , Saida Bergheul , Aicha Merzoug 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTribolium confusumis a pest of stored produce on many cereals. This study was planned to see quantitative losses and feelings of the equipped grains owed to the infestation by the red genus Tribolium on 2 forms of native durum in Algeria. Selection Puts tire chains S am cultivated within the region of Adrar, underneath associate arid climate; and also the existent selection Vitron of a production of the region of Ain Témounchent underneath a dry Mediterranean climate. Study was accomplished during two months to determine the weight loss of grains, damage caused byT. confusumand the influence of two varieties of hard wheat on growth and reproduction of this vandal. Damage of the couples (5, 10, 15, 20) on grains showed significant difference. A similar tendency was noted for the weight loss of grains Put snow chains S; while Vitron noticed not significant losses. Also, an increase in the consumption of proteins, lipids and starch of grains was noticed with the increase of the length of stocking. The appearance of generations was variable according to the level of density and the variety; nevertheless, it was generally highest on Vitron and low on Chain S. The results show that the quantitative and qualitative losses of stored grains are linked to the storage time, the chemical composition of the grains and the susceptibility to insects of the stored products. These results can be integrated into food safety management to ensure the quality of stored wheat and their stored food derivatives.
Effects of temperature on mating behaviour and mating success: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pilakouta Natalie , Baillet Anaїs 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how populations will respond to rising temperatures. Understanding the effects of temperature changes on mating behaviour is particularly important, given its implications for population viability.To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 studies to examine how temperature changes influence mating latency, choosiness, and mating success. We hypothesized that if higher temperatures make mate searching and mate assessment more costly due to an elevated metabolism, this may lead to a reduction in mating latency and choosiness, thereby increasing overall mating success.We found no evidence for a global effect of temperature on mating latency, choosiness, or mating success. There was an increase in mating success when animals were exposed to higher temperatures during mating, but not when they were exposed before mating.Interestingly, in a subset of studies that measured both mating latency and mating success, there was a strong negative relationship between the effect sizes for these traits. This suggests that a decrease in mating latency at higher temperatures was associated with an increase in mating success and vice versa.In sum, our meta-analysis provides new insights into the effects of temperature on mating patterns. The absence of a consistent directional effect of temperature on mating behaviours and mating success suggests it may be difficult to predict changes in the strength of sexual selection in natural populations in a warming world. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that (i) higher temperatures during mating may lead to an increase in mating success and that (ii) an increase in mating success is associated with a decrease in mating latency.
Translation of the ERM-1 membrane-binding domain directserm-1mRNA localization to the plasma membrane in theC. elegansembryo
Authors: Winkenbach Lindsay P. , Parker Dylan M. , Williams Robert T. P. , Nishimura Erin Osborne 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTmRNA localization and transport are integral in regulating gene expression. InCaenorhabditis elegansembryos, the maternally inherited mRNAerm-1 (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin)concentrates in anterior blastomeres.erm-1mRNA localizes within those blastomeres to the plasma membrane where the essential ERM-1 protein, a membrane-actin linker, is also found. We demonstrate that the localization oferm-1mRNA to the plasma membrane is translation-dependent and requires its encoded N-terminal membrane-binding (FERM) domain. By perturbing translation through multiple methods, we founderm-1mRNA localization at the plasma membrane was maintained only if the nascent peptide remained in complex with the translating mRNA. Indeed, recoding theerm-1mRNA coding sequence while preserving the encoded amino acid sequence did not disrupterm-1mRNA localization, corroborating that the information directing mRNA localization resides within its membrane-binding protein domain. A smiFISH screen of 17 genes encoding similar membrane-binding domains identified three plasma membrane localized mRNAs in the early embryo. Nine additional transcripts showed apparent membrane localization later in development. These findings point to a translation-dependent pathway for localization of mRNAs encoding membrane-associated proteins.SUMMARY STATEMENTInC. elegans, erm-1mRNA localization to plasma membranes requires translation of the ERM-1 membrane-binding domain
Efficient neural codes naturally emerge through gradient descent learning
Authors: Benjamin Ari S. , Zhang Ling-Qi , Qiu Cheng , Stocker Alan , Kording Konrad P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnimal sensory systems are more sensitive to common features in the environment than uncommon features. For example, small deviations from the more frequently encountered horizontal orientations can be more easily detected than small deviations from the less frequent diagonal ones. Here we find that artificial neural networks trained to recognize objects also have patterns of sensitivity that match the statistics of features in images. To interpret these findings, we show mathematically that learning with gradient descent in deep neural networks preferentially creates representations that are more sensitive to common features, a hallmark of efficient coding. This result suggests that efficient coding naturally emerges from gradient-like learning on natural stimuli.
Microinjection inC. elegansby direct penetration of elastomeric membranes
Authors: Lockery Shawn R. , Pop Stelian , Jussila Ben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nematode wormC. elegansis widely used in basic and translational research. The creation of transgenic strains by injecting DNA constructs into the worm’s gonad is an essential step in manyC. elegansresearch projects. This paper describes the fabrication and use of a minimalist microfluidic chip for performing microinjections. The worm is immobilized in a tight-fitting microchannel one sidewall of which is a thin elastomeric membrane which the injection pipette penetrates to reach the worm. The pipette is neither broken nor clogged by passing through the membrane, and the membrane reseals when the pipette is withdrawn. Rates of survival and transgenesis are similar to those in the conventional method. Novice users found injections using the device easier to learn than the conventional method. The principle of direct penetration of elastomeric membranes is readily adaptable to microinjections in a wide range of organisms including cells, embryos, and other small animal models. It could therefore lead to a new generation of microinjection systems for basic, translational, and industrial applications.
Deep Learning on Multimodal Chemical and Whole Slide Imaging Data for Predicting Prostate Cancer Directly from Tissue Images
Authors: Haque Md Inzamam Ul , Mukherjee Debangshu , Stopka Sylwia A. , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Hinkle Jacob , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and is the second most common cancer in the male population in the US. Here we develop a study based on correlating the H&E-stained biopsy data with MALDI mass-spectrometric imaging of the corresponding tissue to determine the cancerous regions and their unique chemical signatures, and variation of the predicted regions with original pathological annotations. We spatially register features obtained through deep learning from high-resolution optical micrographs of whole slide H&E stained data with MSI data to correlate the chemical signature with the tissue anatomy of the data, and then use the learned correlation to predict prostate cancer from observed H&E images using trained co-registered MSI data. We found that this system is more robust than predicting from a single imaging modality and can predict cancerous regions with ∼80% accuracy. Two chemical biomarkers were also found to be predicting the ground truth cancerous regions. This will improve on generating patient treatment trajectories by more accurately predicting prostate cancer directly from H&E-stained biopsy images.
Racial differences in vaccine acceptance in a rural southern US state
Authors: Amick Benjamin C. , Allen Jaimi L. , Brown Clare C. , Goudie Anthony , Tilford Mick , Williams Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo assess vaccine acceptance among adults living in a largely rural Southern state.MethodsData were collected between October 3 and October 17, 2020 using random digit dialing. Participants included residents aged 18+, able to understand English or Spanish, and provide informed consent. The primary outcome was a multi-dimensional COVID-19 vaccine acceptance measure. Scores varied between -3 to +3.ResultsThe sample (n=1,164) was weighted to be representative of the state’s population. Black participants had the lowest overall vaccine acceptance (0.5) compared to White participants (1.2). Hispanic participants had the highest scores (1.4). In adjusted models, Black participants had 0.81 points lower acceptance than White participants, and Hispanic participants had 0.35 points higher acceptance. Hispanic participants had the highest scores for all five vaccine acceptance dimensions, relatively equivalent to White participants. Black participants had consistently lower scores, especially perceived vaccine safety (mean -0.2, SD 0.1).ConclusionsThe lowest vaccine acceptance rates were among Black participants particularly on perceived vaccine safety. While Black participants had the lowest acceptance scores, Hispanic participants had the highest. This variability shows the value of a multi-dimensional vaccine acceptance measure to inform COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategies.
Increased uptake of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) among people living with HIV following the 100-days accelerated campaign: A retrospective review of routinely collected data at six urban public health facilities in Uganda
Authors: Musaazi Joseph , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Okoboi Stephen , Zawedde-Muyanja Stella , Senkoro Mbazi , Kalema Nelson , Kavuma Paul , Namuwenge Proscovia M. , Manabe Yukari C , Castelnuovo Barbara , Kiragga Agnes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionTuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) effectively decreases rates of tuberculosis reactivation in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are at increased risk. The Uganda Ministry of Health launched a 100-day campaign to scale-up TPT in PLHIV in July 2019. We sought to examine the effect of the campaign on trends of TPT uptake and characteristics associated with TPT uptake and TPT completion among persons in HIV care. We retrospectively reviewed routinely collected data from 2016 to 2019 at six urban public health facilities in Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional review of the HIV care database and paper-based TPT registers at six public health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. Estimated trends of prevalence of TPT (given as Isoniazid preventive therapy [IPT]) uptake and treatment completion across the 4 years, among PLHIV aged 15 years and above, and factors associated, were examined using Poisson regression model with robust standard errors using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.ResultsOn average a total of 43,215 patients aged 15 years and above were eligible for TPT each calendar year at the six health facilities. More than 70% were females and median age was 34 years (inter-quartile range 28 to 41 years on overall). There was consistently low TPT uptake from 2016 to 2018, but as expected, the uptake significantly increased by about 25% (relative increase) from 2.5% of eligible PLHIV in 2018 to 64.8% in 2019 (prevalence of TPT uptake 4.5% (1,746/38,704), 4.4% (1,743/39,630), 2.5% (1,018/40,390), and 64.8% (26,478/40,867) during 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively). TPT uptake in 2019 was 26.0 times higher compared to that in 2018 (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 26.0 [95%CI 24.5, 27.7], P-value<0.001). Also, TPT completion was consistently high at about 80% between years 2016 – 2018 but dramatically increased by 17% (relative increase) in 2019 compared to that in 2018 (prevalence of TPT completion was 81.2%, 76.3%, 82.6% and 96.5% in year 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively). The increase in TPT completion prevalence from 2018 to 2019 remained significant even after adjusting for patients’ baseline characteristics (aPR [95%CI] = 1.12 [1.04, 1.21], P value=0.003). Not on ART or newly started on ART compared ART experienced were associated with poor TPT completion, whereas older age (≥25 years versus 15-24 years) was associated with higher TPT completion.ConclusionThe targeted 100-day campaign dramatically increased TPT uptake and completion among PLHIV suggesting a viable catch up strategy to meet WHO guidelines.
Reversal of lactate and PD-1-mediated macrophage immunosuppression controls growth of PTEN/p53-deficient prostate cancer
Authors: Chaudagar Kiranj , Hieromnimon Hanna M. , Khurana Rimpi , Labadie Brian , Hirz Taghreed , Mei Shenglin , Hasan Raisa , Shafran Jordan , Kelley Anne , Apostolov Eva , Al-Eryani Ghamdan , Harvey Kate , Rameshbabu Srikrishnan , Loyd Mayme , Bynoe Kaela , Drovetsky Catherine , Solanki Ani , Markiewicz Erica , Zamora Marta , Fan Xiaobing , Schürer Stephan , Swarbrick Alex , Sykes David B. , Patnaik Akash 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPTEN loss-of-function occurs in approximately 50% of mCRPC patients, and is associated with a poor prognosis, therapeutic outcomes and resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that dual PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition and androgen axis blockade led to a modest improvement in progression-free survival of PTEN-deficient mCRPC patients, but the mechanistic basis for this limited efficacy is unknown. To elucidate potential resistance mechanism(s), we performed co-clinical trials in a prostate-specific PTEN/p53-deficient genetically-engineered mouse model, and discovered that the recruitment of PD-1-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) thwarts the phagocytosis-mediated anti-tumor efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)/PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) combination. Strikingly, we observed a TAM-dependent ∼3-fold enhancement in the overall response rate with the addition of PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) to ADT/PI3Ki combination therapy. Mechanistically, decreased lactate production from PI3Ki-treated tumor cells suppressed histone lactylation (H3K18lac) within TAM, resulting in their phagocytic activation, which was augmented by concurrent ADT/aPD-1 treatment. Consistent with our murine observations, single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of human metastatic PC samples revealed a direct correlation between high glycolytic activity and phagocytosis suppression. Critically, feedback activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling observed in non-responder mice following ADT/PI3Ki/aPD-1 combination treatment, restored lactate-mediated H3K18lac and suppressed phagocytosis within macrophages. Altogether, these data suggest that reversal of lactate and PD-1-mediated TAM immunosuppression by PI3Ki and aPD-1, respectively, controls tumor growth in combination with ADT, and warrants further clinical investigation in PTEN/p53-deficient mCRPC patients.One Sentence SummaryInhibition of tumor-cell intrinsic lactate production suppresses PTEN/p53-deficient prostate cancer growth via macrophage activation/phagocytosis
Contrasting patterns of genetic admixture explain the phylogeographic history of Iberian high mountain populations of midwife toads
Authors: Lucati Federica , Miró Alexandre , Bosch Jaime , Caner Jenny , Jowers Michael Joseph , Rivera Xavier , Donaire-Barroso David , Rebelo Rui , Ventura Marc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultiple Quaternary glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula, commonly known as “refugia within refugia”, allowed diverging populations to come into contact and admix, potentially boosting substantial mito-nuclear discordances. In this study, we employ a comprehensive set of mitochondrial and nuclear markers to shed light onto the drivers of geographical differentiation in Iberian high mountain populations of the midwife toadsAlytes obstetricansandA. almogavariifrom the Pyrenees, Picos de Europa and Guadarrama Mountains. In the three analysed mountain regions, we detected evidence of extensive mito-nuclear discordances and/or admixture between taxa. Clustering analyses identified three major divergent lineages in the Pyrenees (corresponding to the eastern, central and central-western Pyrenees), which possibly recurrently expanded and admixed during the succession of glacial- interglacial periods that characterised the Late Pleistocene, and that currently follow a ring-shaped diversification pattern. On the other hand, populations from the Picos de Europa mountains (NW Iberian Peninsula) showed a mitochondrial affinity to central-western Pyrenean populations and a nuclear affinity to populations from the central Iberian Peninsula, suggesting a likely admixed origin for Picos de Europa populations. Finally, populations from the Guadarrama Mountain Range (central Iberian Peninsula) were depleted of genetic diversity, possibly as a consequence of a recent epidemic of chytridiomycosis. This work highlights the complex evolutionary history that shaped the current genetic composition of high mountain populations, and underscores the importance of using a multilocus approach to better infer the dynamics of population divergence.
Increased structural connectivity in high schizotypy
Authors: Messaritaki Eirini , Foley Sonya , Barawi Kali , Ettinger Ulrich , Jones Derek K 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe link between brain structural connectivity and schizotypy was explored in two healthy-participant cohorts, collected at two different neuroimaging centres, comprising 140 and 115 participants respectively. The participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), through which their schizotypy scores were calculated. Diffusion-MRI data were used to perform tractography and to generate the structural brain networks of the participants. The edges of the networks were weighted with the inverse radial diffusivity. Graph theoretical metrics of the default-mode, sensorimotor, visual and auditory subnetworks were derived and their correlation coefficients with the schizotypy scores were calculated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that graph theoretical measures of structural brain networks are investigated in relation to schizotypy.A positive correlation was found between the schizotypy score and the mean node degree and mean clustering coefficient of the sensorimotor and the default-mode subnetworks. The nodes driving these correlations were the right postcentral gyrus, the left paracentral lobule, the right superior frontal gyrus, the left parahippocampal gyrus and the bilateral precuneus, i.e., nodes that exhibit compromised functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Implications for schizophrenia and schizotypy are discussed.
Strongly truncated Dnaaf4 plays a conserved role in Drosophila ciliary dynein assembly as part of an R2TP-like co-chaperone complex with Dnaaf6
Authors: Lennon Jennifer , Lage Petra zur , Kriegsheim Alex von , Jarman Andrew P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAxonemal dynein motors are large multi-subunit complexes that drive ciliary movement. Cytoplasmic assembly of these motor complexes involves several co-chaperones, some of which are related to the R2TP co-chaperone complex. Mutations of these genes in humans cause the motile ciliopathy, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), but their different roles are not completely known. Two such dynein (axonemal) assembly factors (DNAAFs) that are thought to function together in an R2TP-like complex are DNAAF4 (DYX1C1) and DNAAF6 (PIH1D3). Here we investigate the Drosophila homologues, CG14921/Dnaaf4 and CG5048/Dnaaf6. Surprisingly, Drosophila Dnaaf4 is truncated such that it completely lacks a TPR domain, which in human DNAAF4 is likely required to recruit HSP90. Despite this, we provide evidence that Drosophila Dnaaf4 and Dnaaf6 proteins can associate in an R2TP-like complex that has a conserved role in dynein assembly. Both are specifically expressed and required during the development of the two Drosophila cell types with motile cilia: mechanosensory chordotonal neurons and sperm. Flies that lack either gene are viable but with impaired chordotonal neuron function and lack motile sperm. We provide molecular evidence that Dnaaf4 and Dnaaf6 are required for assembly of outer dynein arms (ODAs) and a subset of inner dynein arms (IDAs).
Turning coldspots into hotspots: targeted recruitment of axis protein Hop1 stimulates meiotic recombination inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shodhan Anura , Xaver Martin , Wheeler David , Lichten Michael 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination are formed in the context of the meiotic chromosome axis, which in budding yeast contains a meiosis-specific cohesin isoform and the meiosis-specific proteins Hop1 and Red1. Hop1 and Red are important for DSB formation; DSB levels are reduced in their absence and their levels, which vary along the lengths of chromosomes, are positively correlated with DSB levels. How axis protein levels influence DSB formation and recombination remains unclear. To address this question, we developed a novel approach that uses a bacterial ParB-parSpartition system to recruit axis proteins at high levels to inserts at recombination coldspots where Hop1 and Red1 levels are normally low. Recruiting Hop1 markedly increased DSBs and homologous recombination at target loci, to levels equivalent to those observed at endogenous recombination hotspots. This local increase in DSBs did not require Red1 or the meiosis-specific cohesin component Rec8, indicating that, of the axis proteins, Hop1 is sufficient to promote DSB formation. However, while most crossovers at endogenous recombination hotspots are formed by the meiosis-specific MutLγ resolvase, only a small fraction of crossovers that formed at an insert locus required MutLγ, regardless of whether or not Hop1 was recruited to that locus. Thus, while local Hop1 levels determine local DSB levels, the recombination pathways that repair these breaks can be determined by other factors, raising the intriguing possibility that different recombination pathways operate in different parts of the genome.