bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Test Study on Wave-induced Erosion on Gravelly Soil Bank
Authors: Wang Li , Li Quanlong , Chen Yong , Wang Shimei , Li Xiaowei , Fan Zhihong , Chen Yushan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wave erosion on soil bank slopes has become severe with the long-term operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir; however, the progression of soil bank slope erosion varies in different regions. The influence of the physical parameters of the soil mass on the wave erosion bank slope was investigated using a self-designed and manufactured wave erosion bank slope model test device. Physical model tests were conducted on wave erosion bank slopes comprising six groups with different dry densities and gravel contents to obtain the erosion process of the bank slope under wave action. The results show that the higher the dry density of the soil, the stronger the erosion resistance of the bank slope, and the longer the time required for the bank slope to reach a final steady state; the higher the gravel content, the stronger the erosion resistance of the bank slope. Owing to the protective effect of gravel, the time required for bank slope erosion stability was also shortened. Increasing the dry density or gravel content increased the stable slope angle after bank slope erosion. The wave erosion rate of the bank slope was high at the early stage of the test, and the bank slope erosion of each group was effectively completed within 240 min of the start of the test. The erosion rate of each bank slope under wave action decreased exponentially. Based on this, an empirical equation between the wave frequency and bank slope erosion rate was derived, which can be used to determine the erosion process of a bank slope. This research provides technical support for the prevention and control of erosion on soil bank slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
Developing a vaccine against velogenic sub-genotype seven of Newcastle disease virus based on Virus-like Particles
Authors: Firouzamandi Masoumeh , Helan Javad Ashrafi , Moeini Hassan , Soleimanian Alireza , Khatemeh Saeed , Hosseini Seyed Davoud 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

In the present study, for the first time, we released and assembled the particles of three major structural proteins of velogenic NDV (M, HN, and F glycoproteins) as a NDV-VLPs. The ElISA result of the cytokines of splenocyte suspension cells showed that IL2, IL10, TNF-α, and IFN- ˠ titers were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in mice that were immunized only with NDV-VLPs three times with a 10-day interval, in comparison to those that were immunized with NDV-VLPs twice in a 10-day interval and received a B1 live vaccine boost on the third interval. Flow cytometry results showed that CD8 + titers in the group that only received NDV-VLP was higher than other group. However, serum ELISA results did not show a significantly (p ≥ 0.05) higher NDV antibody titer in NDV-VLPs immunized mice compared to the boosted group. Besides, HI results of SPF chickens vaccinated with NDV-VLPs and boosted with B1 live vaccine were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than those that only received NDV-VLPs. Interestingly, after challenging with NDV sub-genotype VII, all the chickens that were solely vaccinated with NDV-VLPs remained alive (six out of six), whereas two out of six chickens that were vaccinated with NDV-VLPs and also received the B1 live vaccine boost died. In conclusion, our results strongly indicated that the T-cell immune response in an NDV host is more important than the B-cell response. Also, the results of the present study revealed that to completely protect chickens against velogenic NDV strains, a vaccine comprising specific epitopes of velogenic strain is needed.
New Method for Calculating the Windward Area of Irregular Fragments
Authors: Xingyu Liu , OUYANG Di-hua , WANG Jia-ying , GUO Zhi-yong , YANG Chun-hai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Average windward area is an important index for calculating the trajectory, velocity attenuation and terminal effect of explosive fragments. In order to solve the problems that existing theoretical method cannot calculate windward area of irregular fragment and experiment method is not convenient for automatic calculation and has low accuracy, a Monte Carlo subdivision projection simulation algorithm is proposed. The average windward area of arbitrary shaped fragments can be obtained with coordinate translation, random rotation, plane projection, convex-hull triangulation, concave boundary searching and sorting with maximum edge length constraint, subdivision area calculation, and averaging by thousands of cycles. Results show that projection area obtained by the subdivision projection algorithm is basically the same as that obtained by software method of computer aided design. Moreover, the maximum calculation error of the algorithm is less than 7%, and its accuracy is much higher than that of the equivalent ellipsoid method. The average windward area calculated by the Monte Carlo subdivision projection simulation algorithm is consistent with theoretical formula for prefabricated fragments, and the error is less than 3%. The convergence and accuracy of the Monte Carlo subdivision projection algorithm are better than those of the icosahedral uniform orientation method.
Comprehensive analysis prediction prognosis and immune therapy value of angiogenesis-associated genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Aimudula Ainiwaer , Maimaitiming Abulaiti , Zhang Jichi , Dong Xiaoyan , zhang Yuefen , Zhang Ruili 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background:Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a highly vascularized and immunogenic tumor that has a high percentage of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Anti-angiogenesis therapies and immunotherapy are critical options to treat KIRC. However, the role of angiogenesis-associated genes (AAGs) in renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis, prognosis prediction, the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the response to immunotherapy remains unknown. Identifying potential prognostic markers based on AAGs of KIRC may provide information for the early detection of recurrence and treatment.
Methods: We investigated the expression profiles of 36 AAGs in 536 KIRC patients, including 536 tumors and 72 adjacent nontumor tissues downloaded fromThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We determined two different clusters based on AAG expression patterns and comprehensively identified the correlation between angiogenesis and patient risk, overall survival, and immune cell proportion in the TME. Next, we assessed the AAG score in different AAG clusters and confirmed the predictive ability in KIRC patients by a risk score model. Finally, we evaluatedthe IC50 of 12 chemotherapy and targeted drugs in different AAG score groups.
Results: We explored the expression levels, CNVs, and mutations of 36 AAGs in KIRC and observed that fifteen differentially expressed genes and VEGFA, TIMP1, VCAN and POSTN were hub genes. Different AAG clusters were divided by theexpression profiles of AAGs, and the survival analysis indicated that the low AAG score and low-risk group demonstrated superior overall survival (OS). We analyzed the correlation between angiogenesis and the TME and found that TME scores in the high AAG score group were higher than those in the low AAG score group. The two clusters had an abundance of metabolic-associated pathways. Next, the clinical viability and OS prediction ability of the AAG score in KIRC patients wereconfirmed by a highly reliable nomogram. Furthermore, different TMB subgroups combined with the AAG_score showed that the low-TMB+low-risk group had greater OS. Additionally, the AAG_score was markedly correlated with chemotherapy and target drug susceptibility.
Conclusion: Our results reveal that as a clinical prognostic signature, AAGs play a significant predictive role in KIRC. The relationship between AAGs and the TME should provide more potent combination therapy options for KIRC patients.
Single particle thermometry in bimetallic plasmonic nanostuctures
Authors: Gargiulo Julian , Herran Matias , Violi Ianina , Sousa-Castillo Ana , Martinez Luciana , Ezendam Simone , Barella Mariano , Giesler Helene , Grzeschik Roland , Schluecker Sebastian , Maier Stefan , Stefani Fernando , Cortes Emiliano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Localized surface plasmons are lossy and generate heat. However, accurate measurement of the temperature of metallic nanoparticles under illumination remains an open challenge, creating difficulties in the interpretation of results across plasmonic applications. Particularly, there is a quest for understanding the role of temperature in plasmon-assisted catalysis. Bimetallic nanoparticles combining plasmonic with catalytic metals are raising increasing interest in artificial photosynthesis and the production of solar fuels. Here, we perform single-particle nanothermometry measurements to investigate the link between morphology and thermal performance of colloidal Au/Pd nanoparticles with two different configurations: Au core – Pd shell and Au core- Pd satellites. It is observed that the inclusion of Pd as a shell strongly reduces the photothermal response in comparison to the bare cores, while the inclusion of Pd as satellites keeps photothermal properties almost unaffected. These results contribute to a better understanding of energy conversion processes in plasmon-assisted catalysis.
Immunohistochemical detection of global epigenetic DNA modifications using antibodies to 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Impact of antigen retrieval protocols.
Authors: Moshi Jobran M. , Ummelen Monique , Broers Jos L. V. , Ramaekers Frans C.S. , Hopman Anton H N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare three different pretreatment protocols for the detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in nuclear DNA. Several types of human biological samples were analyzed, including formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) normal squamous epithelium, ethanol fixed cultured cells and metaphase chromosomes. The antigen retrieval methods included the low pH citrate and high pH Tris/EDTA protocols, as well as a method including a pepsin pretreatment step combined with an HCl DNA denaturation step. We saw a gradual increase in the detection levels of 5-mC and 5-hmC when going from citrate via Tris/EDTA to pepsin/HCl retrieval. While the citrate retrieval protocol was the least efficient for the immunochemical detection of 5-mC and 5-hmC, it did preserve nuclear morphology and enabled the visualization of intra- and internuclear differences in FFPE tissue and cell culture samples. By simultaneous fluorescent detection, we assessed the differences in distribution patterns for both 5-mC and 5-hmC. In addition, (hydroxy)methylation levels in FFPE material were quantified using confocal and non-confocal microscopic imaging. As a result, we observed a significant heterogeneity, as well as differences between the levels for 5-mC and 5-hmC, within and between nuclei in the different compartments of normal squamous epithelium.
Experimental analysis of tensile and flexural strength of chopped water lilies fiber polyester resin composite materials
Authors: SHIFERAW MELESE , Mesfin Solomon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Composites are composed of two or more physically distinct phases whose combination produces aggregate properties. Ethiopia is very rich in natural fibers such as palm trees, sisal, water hyacinth, and newly formed water lilies. However, so far little attention has been paid to the study of the mechanical properties of most fiber composites, such as water lily cut fiber composites. Also, like water hyacinths, water lilies adversely affect water surfaces by covering them and reducing water content, as in Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The analysis of the mechanical properties of this reinforced composite is of great importance in the study of structural properties and industrial production. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness properties are important factors and play a key role in determining those properties. In this publication, fiber-reinforced polyester resin composites were prepared by cutting water lilies by varying the weight concentration of fibers (20 F/80 wt%, 40 F/60 wt%, 60 F/ 40P wt%). Physical properties were evaluated according to ASTM standards in both tensile and bend tests. Experimental test results are validated with results obtained by analytical methods. Analytical techniques such as the law of mixtures and the geometric mean method have been used to evaluate the properties of composite materials. Experimental results show that shredded water lily fiber-reinforced polyester composites are suitable for various applications. The results show that the newly formed composites have harder and more brittle properties.
Research on Emergy Evaluation Method of Ecological Water Use Efficiency Based on Comprehensive Benefits
Authors: Lv Cuimei , Xu Wenchao , Ling Minhua , Wu Zening , Yan Denghua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Scientifically evaluating ecological water use efficiency (EWUE) is an effective means to regulate the level of ecological water use in a country or a region. It is also a basic work to achieve high-efficiency use of ecological water under the current situation of water shortage. However, there were few researches on EWUE, and existing studies only focus on eco-environmental benefits generated by ecological water, without considering its impact on economy and society. An emergy evaluation method for EWUE based on comprehensive benefits was proposed in this paper innovatively. Considering the impact of ecological water use on society, economy and eco-environment, the concept of EWUE could be defined. Then, comprehensive benefits of ecological water use (CBEW) were quantified by emergy method, and EWUE was evaluated by the comprehensive benefits of unit ecological water use. Taking Zhengzhou City as an example for calculation. From 2011 to 2020, CBEW increased from 5.20×1019sej to 6.72×1020sej, showing an overall upward trend, and EWUE rose from 2.71×1011sej/m3 (1.27￥/m3) to 1.32×1012sej/m3 (8.10￥/m3）with fluctuation. It showed that Zhengzhou City has paid enough attention to the allocation of ecological water, EWUE at a high level. The method proposed in this paper provides a new idea to evaluate EWUE scientifically, and the results can provide guidance to allocate ecological water resources to achieve sustainable development.
Competing oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms revealed by high-speed compressive Raman imaging
Authors: Pandya Raj , Dorchies Florian , Romanin Davide , Gigan Sylvain , Chin Alex , de Aguiar Hilton Barbosa , Grimaud Alexis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Transition metal oxides are state-of-the-art materials for catalysing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whose slow kinetics currently limit the efficiency of water electrolysis. However, microscale physicochemical heterogeneity between particles, dynamic reactions both in the bulk and at the surface, and an interplay between particle reactivity and electrolyte makes probing the OER challenging. Here, we overcome these limitations by applying state-of-the-art compressive Raman imaging to uncover competing bias-dependent mechanisms for the OER in a solid electrocatalyst, α-Li2IrO3. By spatially and temporally tracking changes in the in- and out-of-plane Ir-O stretching modes – identified by density functional theory calculations – we follow catalytic activation and charge accumulation following ion exchange under a variety of electrolytes, particle compositions and cycling conditions. We extract velocities of phase fronts and demonstrate that at low overpotentials oxygen is evolved by the combination of an electrochemical-chemical mechanism and a classical electrocatalytic adsorbate mechanism, whereas at high overpotentials only the latter occurs. These results provide strategies to promote mechanisms for enhanced OER performances, and highlight the power of compressive Raman imaging for low-cost, chemically specific tracking of microscale reaction dynamics in a broad range of systems where ion and electron exchange can be coupled to structural changes, i.e. catalysts, battery materials, memristors, etc.
Modified meatal advancement and glanuloplasty versus tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias repair: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Fathi Basem A. , Gammal Ahmed A. El , Ghoneimy Osama M. , Alrefaey Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background:
About one in every 300 male births has hypospadias, and the meatus is located distally in approximately 65% of cases. Hypospadias is defined as a maldevelopment of the urethral fold and ventral foreskin, with or without the penile curvature. Any recent classification must include the urethral meatus site, prepuce (complete or incomplete), urethral plate width, glans (flat, cleft, or incomplete cleft), and other associated anomalies if present.
Methods:
This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from April 2022 to October 2022. Fifty-seven cases with different types of hypospadias were assessed for illegibility. Among them, seven cases were excluded due to the presence of chordee (n = 3), proximal variant (n = 2), and recurrent cases of hypospadias (n = 2). Fifty cases were randomly divided into two groups according to a 1:1 ratio (computer-generated randomization). Twenty-five cases were subjected to modified meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI), and the rest were subjected to tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty.
Results:
The mean age of all studied cases was 4.2 years. Approximately 52% had coronal or subcoronal meatus, whereas 48% had glandular meatus. Both groups were matched according to age and meatus location (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of time of operation, postoperative pain, and postoperative hospital stay. In addition, late complications (meatal stenosis, meatal retraction, fistula, and breakdown of the repair) did not differ significantly between both groups.
Conclusions:
Modified MAGPI and TIP urethroplasty have comparable short-term outcomes; however, TIP urethroplasty has a lower incidence of postoperative complications. Modified MAGPI is preferred in certain conditions, especially in circumcised child or those with a narrow urethral plate.
Trial registration:
The study protocol was approved by the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (number for the registry is: PACTR202211757905870) at (29/11/2022). All procedures were performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.
Impact of hospitalization on nutritional status and dysphagia in persons aged 65 years and over (NUTRIFRAG Study): protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Carretero-Randez Cristina , Orts-Cortés María Isabel , Rodríguez-Pérez Margarita , González-Chordá Víctor Manuel , Trescastro-López Eva María , Blanco-Blanco Joan , Martínez-Soldevila Jordi , Ruiz-Heras-Hera Aranzazu , Castellano-Santana Pedro Raúl , Márquez-Sixto Amando , Domingo-Pozo Manuela , Zomeño-Ros Antonia Inmaculada , Montero-Marco Jesica , Charlo-Bernardos Marta , Moncho Joaquín , Abad-González Ángel Luís , Castillo-García María Trinidad , Sánchez-García Ana Belén , Medina Ana María De Pascual y , Clement-Santamaría Rosa Ana , Franco-Bernal Ascensión , Camacho-Bejarano Rafaela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is a recurrent problem that has acquired its own identity in recent years. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of malnutrition and nutritional status on admission and its evolution until discharge in patients aged 65 and over admitted to medical and surgical hospitalization units in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System.
Methods: Prospective observational study to be carried out in the medical-surgical hospitalization units of 9 public hospitals between 01/09/2022 and 31/12/2024.
Using consecutive sampling, a total of 4077 patients will be included (453 in each hospital). Variables included are related to the care process, functionality, cognition and comorbidity, risk profile, nutritional status and dysphagia; as well as frailty, dietary quality and contextual variables. The incidence of risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and dysphagia during the care process and at discharge will be calculated. The association with risk factors will be studied with logistic regression models and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, an analysis of participants' satisfaction with food services will be carried out.
Discussion: Some studies address nutritional status or dysphagia in older people in various care settings. However, there is a lack of large sample studies including both processes of the impact of hospitalization. The results of the project will provide information on the incidence and prevalence of both pathologies in the study subjects, their associated factors and their relationship with the average length of stay, mortality and early readmission. These results will serve to improve their health status.
Trial registration: The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on 30/09/2020, approved for funding on 02/12/2021 and with registration number RBR-5jnbyhk in the Brazilian clinical trials database (ReBEC) for observational studies.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of grapevine buds subjected to low temperature and short days revealed contrasting regulation of cell cycle genes in response to both environmental cues
Authors: Rubio Sebastián , Noriega Ximena , Pérez Francisco J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: With respect to grapevine buds, short days (SDs) induces endodormancy (ED), while low temperature (LT) induces cold hardiness. However, the relationship between both of these environmental cues has been explored little. In this study, transcriptomic data based on an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of grapevine buds exposed to LT and SDs were compared.
Results: A total of 6121 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparison between grapevine buds subjected to LT and control buds, while 1336 were identified in the comparison between grapevine buds subjected to SDs and long days (LDs). Cluster analysis showed that most gene differentially expressed in response to SDs were downregulated, while most genes differentially expressed in response to LT were upregulated. A small number of the DEGs were simultaneously upregulated or downregulated in response to LT and the SDs, while conversely, a large number of them were downregulated in response to SDs but upregulated in response to LT. Gen Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs downregulated in response to SDs and upregulated in response to LT indicated that most of these DEGs were related to the cell cycle. These results were somewhat surprising, since although cell cycle genes are downregulated during ED of grapevine buds as a consequence of SD conditions, their upregulation caused by LT was unexpected, since in other species, these genes are downregulated in response to LT.
Conclusion: Repression of transcriptome and cell cycle genes in grapevine buds in response to SD, and massive upregulation of transcriptome and cell cycle genes in response to LT support the idea that SD induces the ED, and that the LT induces the release of the buds from the ED.