bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Mansfield Rule moving the needle for women and minorities?
Authors: Cecchi Dimeglio Paola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 2016, inspired by the NFL’s Rooney Rule, the Mansfield Rule was devised to push soft affirmative action policies, including the so-called 30% rule, to incentivize law firms to affirmatively consider women and underrepresented groups for leadership and governance roles, equity partner promotions, and lateral positions. To determine the effectiveness of the Mansfield Rule, I carried out an empirical study that compares those firms that have adopted the Mansfield Rule with law firms that have not. Using a Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon test, I compared the deviation in the demographics, recruitment, attrition, promotion, and committee compositions, including leadership composition, between firms that have been Mansfield-certified, the ‘treatment group’, with the analogous deviation for a ‘comparison–control group’ that did not opt for the Mansfield Rule application. I did so for the years 2007–19. The findings show that the overall population of all law firms and the diversity proportion within the population show an increase from 2007 to 2019, irrespective of the treatment. Furthermore, the treatment had no statistically significant effect on either the growth rate evolution or the predictability of law firms’ behavior related to recruitment, attrition and promotion, and committee composition. These results indicate that applying the Mansfield Rule has no measurable impact on the diversity proportion of the population of the firm, its growth rate, or its predictable behavior related to their firm’s diversity.
Radiation epilation for tinea capitis
Authors: Pfeffer M. Raphael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soon after Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895, radiation-induced epilation became the recommended treatment of ringworm wherever the necessary equipment and expertise were available. Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of children with ringworm were successfully treated during the following 60 years. Ringworm was a particular problem in immigrant societies, including Israel, where a national program was introduced to treat ringworm with radiation epilation. The carcinogenic risk of low-dose radiation began to be appreciated in the 1950s around the same time that griseofulvin, the first successful medication for ringworm, became available and replaced radiation as the first-line treatment of ringworm. There is still controversy today regarding the use and possible misuse of radiation epilation for ringworm. We will review here some of the historical and scientific aspects of radiation epilation and the later realization of the long-term risk of such treatment.
The ringworm campaign in Portugal, 1940–1970
Authors: Boaventura Paula , Pereira Dina , Soares Paula , Teixeira-Gomes José 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the fight against the tinea capitis (ringworm) epidemic in Portugal, especially the campaign that took place in the northern part of the country. This campaign was centered in Porto, an important coastal city in northwestern Portugal, and was conducted from the former social hygiene dispensary (DCHSP). Mobile teams were employed, equipped with an x-ray device, so that irradiation treatments could be carried out in the most remote areas of the country. The chapter is divided into four sections: diagnosis and disease evolution, epidemiology, treatment, and possible late effects from the treatment. The latter section addresses the long-term health problems observed in more than 1,300 individuals who underwent x-ray epilation as children at the DCHSP.
“Deadly Medicine”
Authors: Bavli Itai , Shvarts Shifra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In July 1973, a study at the University of Chicago linked radiation treatment in childhood to a variety of diseases, including thyroid cancer. A few months later, a worker at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago found a registry of 5,266 former patients who had been treated with radiation during the 1950s and 1960s. Hospital officials decided to contact these patients and arrange for follow-up medical examinations. Media coverage of the hospital’s campaign prompted more medical institutions to follow suit and, subsequently, a nationwide campaign launched by the National Cancer Institute to warn the medical community and the public about the late effects of ionizing radiation. This chapter discusses how the action of one hospital in Chicago and the media attention it attracted led to a national campaign to warn those who underwent radiation treatment in childhood.
The impact of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia
Authors: Amornkitvikai Yot , Harvie Charles , Karcharnubarn Rukchanok 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth using data for Asian economies covering the period 1960–2020. Other factors affecting economic growth, such as human capital, are also considered.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effects model and a fixed-effects model with endogenous covariates are used to examine a dynamic demographic model covering different age cohorts (i.e. youth-age, working-age and old-age populations) and other factors impacting economic growth.FindingsThe working-age population share, the labour force relative to the working-age population and growth of the actively employed population have significant and positive impacts on economic growth. Population growth and the youth-age population share exert a significant and negative impact on economic growth. A second and silver demographic dividend is found arising from a significant and positive association between the old-age population and economic growth. Human capital has an inverted U-shaped association with economic growth. Environmental degradation is significantly and negatively related to economic growth. No evidence is found for the importance of migration.Practical implicationsThe positive association between the old-age population and economic growth indicates the policy significance of retirement-income systems with high coverage to enhance economic growth in Asia. Lifelong learning and preventative health measures can also be supportive policies to strengthen the third (silver) demographic dividend via the extension of retirement for productive and healthy elders.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the impacts of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia, using the most up-to-date longitudinal data from 1960 to 2020. Unlike previous empirical studies, this study discovers empirically based evidence to support Asia's second and silver demographic dividends.
Designing Web-scale geographic search interface for libraries
Authors: Mandal Sukumar , Saha Sujan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
There are various online library databases available to access, but none of them include a geographic search option. The purpose of this study is to discover a suitable solution to solve this problem. To access information, it is critical to search using the geographic locations available in bibliographic databases. Geographic search functionality is available in Web-scale discovery system and services.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach and methods for incorporating geographic search capabilities into VuFind open source discovery software for suitable and appropriate information resource discovery among users are straightforward. Library mash-up tools and techniques were integrated by using geographic locations into a Web-scale library discovery system.

Findings
As a result, bibliographic metadata descriptions help all library users to identify and access documents more quickly and easily. It can assist users and librarians in making better use of library resources by integrating various databases with VuFind and by providing them in a single window-based interface. This system has developed a standardised geographic search architecture, and it is entirely based on the Ubuntu operating system. Furthermore, the 034 MARC 21 tag will be adjusted using the latitude and longitude website.

Originality/value
Web-scale library services are provided by OCLC WorldCat Discovery Services, Summon Web-scale Discovery, EBSCO Discovery Services, Primo Central and others. This Web-scale discovery services platform relies heavily on geographic search interface functionalities.
Primitivist medicine and capitalist anxieties in ayahuasca tourism Peru
Authors: Gearin Alex K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnalysing healing practices at an ayahuasca tourism centre in Peru, this article illustrates how Shipibo practices of curing and sorcery have adapted to the demands of international clients searching for primitivist healing experiences. At the core of this adaption is the thorny issue of occult power and its relation to capital accumulation. Sorcery here does not serve clients but is manifest among healers working to capitalize on the guests’ primitivist rejections of modern life while operating in environments of economic scarcity and ambient poverty. Ayahuasca tourists do not request and generally do not believe in sorcery, but their very presence generates and negates the local moral economy of sorcery in novel ways. The article explores a paradoxical aspect of ayahuasca tourism wherein guests purge similar anxious desires for capital accumulation that healers achieve when curing them.
The Edmonton Obesity Staging System and pregnancy outcomes in women with overweight or obesity: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Killeen Sarah Louise , Yelverton Cara A. , Geraghty Aisling A. , Kennelly Maria A. , Eakins Shane , Farrell Lily , Fagan Jillian F. , Mehegan John , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) is a proposed clinical practice tool to determine obesity severity. In a secondary analysis of the Pregnancy Exercise and Research Study (PEARS) (a mobile‐health‐supported lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), we apply the EOSS and explore relationships with pregnancy outcomes. In early (14–16 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy, fasting lipids and glucose were measured, blood pressure was extracted from medical records and maternal well‐being was assessed using the WHO‐5 Well‐being Index. Pearson's correlations, chi‐square statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to identify relationships. One‐way analysis of variance was used to compare groups. Pregnant women (n = 348) were mean (SD) age 32.44 (4.39) years and median (interquartile range) BMI 28.0 (26.57, 29.88) kg/m2. Using metabolic criteria only, 81.9% and 98.9% had raised EOSS scores in early and late pregnancy. From early to late pregnancy, EOSS scores increased by 60.1%. Of these, 10.5% experienced a 2‐point increase, moving from stage 0 to stage 2. There was a potential relationship between early EOSS and large for gestational age (χ2 = 6.42, df (2), p = .04), although significance was lost when controlled for confounders (p = .223) and multiple testing. Most women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had raised EOSS scores, limiting the clinical utility of the tool.
Does the presence of executives with a legal background affect stock price crash risk?
Authors: Huang Can , Ho Kung‐Cheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueExecutives with a legal background have superior knowledge of the law compared with executives who do not have such a background. This study investigates how executives who are well informed of the law can reduce stock price crash risk and how this is significant from a corporate governance perspective.Research Findings/InsightsWe collected and evaluated 23,031 firm‐year observations from 2008 to 2018, which resulted in the following findings: (1) Executives with a legal background can effectively reduce stock price crash risk. (2) When the company's external or internal supervision is weak, the effect of executives with a legal background in reducing stock price crash risk is particularly prominent. (3) The executives' ability to reduce stock price crash risk is particularly conspicuous when the company's intention to hide bad news is low or when there is a high risk of the bad news being leaked.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsStock price crash risk is a critical problem to address in the Chinese capital market. The prevailing explanation for crash risk emphasizes executives' concealment of bad news as a primary factor. Since the suppression of bad news by company executives is the main reason for stock price crash risk, observing the influence of executives on this risk is a viable direct approach. Executives with a legal background, in particular, have a critical influence on companies. They possess a superior understanding of the law compared with those who do not have such a background and are more willing to respect and abide by the law. As a result, they have a lower tolerance for inappropriate acts by the executive team, namely, concealing bad news, which reduces the risk of stock price crash.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsIn China, the world's largest transitional economy, investor protection and information environments are still developing. Countries with less developed regulations can adopt substitutive mechanisms, such as making the employment of executives with a legal background mandatory, to facilitate the healthy development of their capitalist markets. Given the capacity of these executives to reduce stock price crash risk, thereby supporting continuous and stable development of the capital market, regulatory authorities should encourage listed companies to hire executives with a legal background. Furthermore, they should also start in‐depth promotion of and education on the rule of law among employees to improve their legal competence.
Canada jays (Perisoreus canadensis) identify and exploit coniferous cache locations using visual cues
Authors: Martin R. Jeff , Fuirst Matthew , Sherry David F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFood caching is a foraging strategy used by many vertebrates, involving the storage and subsequent recovery of food items for later consumption, when other food sources are scarce. Once cached, stored food, particularly highly perishable items, can degrade over time. Evidence suggests that for birds, some conifers may aid in cache preservation through protective properties in resin. However, due to the challenges involved with following birds to their caching locations, cache‐site preferences are not easily studied in the wild. We investigated eight captive Canada jays’ (Perisoreus canadensis) ability to both identify and exploit conifer tree species. Further, we examined potential cues that birds may use to identify and select these potentially beneficial sites. We found strong evidence to suggest that birds can quickly identify conifer tree species and subsequently exploit those cache locations preferentially. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that although birds do not appear to use olfactory cues when making caching decisions, they potentially to attend to structural cues. We suggest that visual information is essential to both the identification of conifer trees and to cache‐site selection decisions. These findings indicate that jays make rapid, fine scale assessments of their environments, discriminating amongst trees of different species and use this information to select cache‐sites.
Clinical outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of large‐scale midwifery‐led, paediatrician‐overseen home phototherapy and neonatal jaundice surveillance: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Gidaszewski Beata , Maheshwari Rajesh , McGee Therese M 
Published: February 2022

AimTo evaluate a large midwifery‐led, paediatrician‐overseen home jaundice surveillance and home phototherapy (HPT) programme.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study over 2019. Included were all infants with birth gestation ≥35 weeks, discharged at 4–96 h and receiving care from midwifery‐at‐home (a 12‐h daily, 365‐days hospital‐based outreach service, supported by hospital paediatricians). Phototherapy was delivered via BiliSoft blanket with treatment thresholds determined by standard nomograms. The main outcomes of interest were unplanned readmissions, and cost‐effectiveness based on hospital finance department actual costs. Also examined were parental compliance, device issues and safety.ResultsDuring 2019, 4308 infants received home jaundice surveillance with 86% hospital‐discharged before 72 h, 82% exclusively breastfed and 69% having overseas‐born mothers. Four hundred infants received HPT, comprising 101 continuing from inpatient phototherapy (IPT), 56 rebounding after IPT, and 243 home‐diagnosed as needing phototherapy and triaged to HPT. Only 1 of 400 (0.25%) HPT infants required readmission. Additionally, there were 80 home‐diagnosed jaundiced infants triaged to immediate readmission for IPT. Maximal serum bilirubin was 454 μmol/L. No exchange transfusion, encephalopathy or HPT‐device problems occurred. An early 2019 bilirubin analyser upgrade resulted in higher bilirubin readings and some unintended subthreshold phototherapy. Supported by midwives, most parents managed HPT with ease. HPT cost $640/day compared to $2100/day for infant IPT readmission and $1000/day for a longer birth‐admission stay. Up to 2 weeks' midwifery‐at‐home care for the whole cohort cost $2 m less than a 2‐day longer birth‐admission stay.ConclusionLarge‐scale, midwifery‐led, paediatrician‐overseen jaundice surveillance and HPT can achieve very low unplanned readmission rates and be cost‐effective.
Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with left ventricular assist device
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Shah Kuldeep , Bhardwaj Rahul , Contractor Tahmeed , Turagam Mohit K. , Mandapati Ravi , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Garg Jalaj 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThromboembolic (TE) events are among the most common and devastating adverse events in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (cf‐LVAD). Given the high burden of AF among cf‐LVAD patients, we sought to evaluate the effect of concomitant surgical LAAO in patients receiving cf‐LVAD.MethodsA systematic search using electronic databases was performed using the keywords: “left atrial appendage occlusion” and “left ventricular assist device.” Statistical analysis was performed using metapackage for R version 4.0 and Rstudio version 1.2. Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RR) random‐effects model was used to summarize data between two groups. The primary outcomes included: (a) stroke; (b) LVAD pump thrombosis; (c) all‐cause mortalityResultsThree studies with a total of 305 patients (LAAO = 68 and No‐LAAO = 237) were included in the analysis. HeartMate II (39%) and Heartware (27.5%) were the two most common cf‐LVADs utilized, while only 5% received HeartMate III. At a mean follow up of 1.47 years, LAAO group had a lower risk of stroke (8.8% vs. 15.2%, RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.28–1.49), LVAD pump thrombosis (1.5% vs. 3.8%, RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.05–1.55) and all‐cause mortality (5.9% vs. 20.2%, RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.19–2.52) when compared with no‐LAAO group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionConcomitant surgical LAAO at the time of cf‐LVAD implantation demonstrated a trend toward positive outcomes and was not associated with adverse outcomes during the follow‐up period, though the results were not statistically significant
Refusal Strategies among Spanish-English Bilinguals: Comparing Adolescents with Hearing Loss to Adolescents with Typical Hearing
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rivas Carolina , Lim Stacey R. , Alfano Alliete Rodríguez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study compares the sociopragmatic competence demonstrated by adolescents with hearing loss to that of adolescents with typical hearing raised in a bilingual Spanish-English context. We examine the speech act of refusals made by sixteen subjects, 12–19 years old, from the city of Miami, Florida. Eight of them were typically hearing. The other eight were diagnosed with bilateral severe to profound prelingual hearing loss before 2 ½ years of age and used spoken language as their primary method of communication. Our main objectives were: 1) to describe the preferred politeness strategies of these individuals while performing refusals in English and in Spanish; 2) to assess the degree of (in)directness with an interlocutor depending on power and distance; and 3) to determine if some pragmatic transfer occurs from one language to the other. The pragmatic abilities of both groups appeared higher in English than in Spanish, but it cannot be concluded that adolescents with hearing loss lack pragmatic abilities in either language.
Deep Neural Network High Spatiotemporal Resolution Precipitation Estimation (Deep-STEP) Using Passive Microwave and Infrared Data
Authors: Gorooh Vesta Afzali , Asanjan Ata Akbari , Nguyen Phu , Hsu Kuolin , Sorooshian Soroosh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in “headline-making” deep neural networks (DNNs), specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), along with advancements in computational power, open great opportunities to integrate massive amounts of real-time observations to characterize spatiotemporal structures of surface precipitation. This study aims to develop a CNN algorithm, named Deep Neural Network High Spatiotemporal Resolution Precipitation Estimation (Deep-STEP), that ingests direct satellite passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures (Tbs) at emission and scattering frequencies combined with infrared (IR) Tbs from geostationary satellites and surface information to automatically extract geospatial features related to the precipitable clouds. These features allow the end-to-end Deep-STEP algorithm to instantaneously map surface precipitation intensities with a spatial resolution of 4 km. The main advantages of Deep-STEP, as compared to current state-of-the-art techniques, are 1) it learns and estimates complex precipitation systems directly from raw measurements in near–real time, 2) it uses the automatic spatial neighborhood feature extraction approach, and 3) it fuses coarse-resolution PMW footprints with IR images to reliably retrieve surface precipitation at a high spatial resolution. We anticipate our proposed DNN algorithm to be a starting point for more sophisticated and efficient precipitation retrieval systems in terms of accuracy, fine spatial pattern detection skills, and computational costs.
Synthesis of Optically Active V(120°)- and (60°)-Shaped Molecules Comprising Different π-Electron Systems
Authors: Tabata Daiki , Inoue Ryo , Sasai Yusaku , Morisaki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Optically active V-shaped molecules were synthesized by exploiting chemoselective Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling using planar chiral pseudo-meta- and pseudo-ortho-disubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane scaffolds. In these scaffolds, different para-phenylene-ethynylene π-electron systems were stacked. The synthesized molecules emitted circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with relatively high dissymmetry factors (glum values) at the order of 10−3. The CPL behaviors are controlled by the stacking angle, position, and manner of the two π-electron systems.