bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Para una historia de los nobles sin archivos. Sobre las fuentes documentales para estudiar la nobleza castellana en la Plena Edad Media. El caso de los Rojas (1200-1350)
Authors: Álvarez Borge Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

Due to the characteristics of the preserved documentation, the study of the nobility in Castile in the Central Middle Ages requires the consultation of numerous collections of charters, since there are hardly any noble archives in that period –the few that are known have been conserved in monastic archives –.For this reason, the reconstruction of kinship ties and lordships and properties is extremely laborious and requires the consultation of scattered and disconnected documentation. This article explores the preserved documentation to study a very large family group, the Rojas, between approximately 1200 and 1350. The origin of the documents is analyzed and also their types from the point of view of historical analysis.
Debido a las características de la documentación conservada, el estudio de la nobleza en Castilla en la Plena Edad Media exige la consulta de numerosos fondos documentales, puesto que apenas hay archivos nobiliarios en ese período -los pocos que se conocen se han conservado en archivos monásticos-. De esa forma, la reconstrucción genealógica de las familias y grupos familiares y de los dominios nobiliarios es sumamente laboriosa y exige la consulta de documentación dispersa e inconexa. En este artículo se explora la documentación conservada para estudiar un grupo familiar muy amplio, los Rojas, entre aproximadamente 1200 y 1350. Se analiza la procedencia de los documentos y sus tipos desde el punto de vista del análisis histórico.
Distal 3rd Diaphysial Fracture of Humerus Fixed with Dynamic Compression Plate Using Posterior Approach- The Assessment of the Outcome
Authors: Hossain Syed Zakir , Sitan Kazi Noor , Rokonuzzaman S. M. , Shameem Md. Abu Awal , Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The effectiveness of open reduction and Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) fixation with or without autogenous bone grafting using the posterior midline approach in the treatment of distal third diaphyseal humeral fractures was assessed.
Methods: For humeral nonunion, comminuted fractures, or early failure of conservative therapies, 33 patients (24 men, 9 women; mean age 37 years; range 20 to 60 years) were operated on. The study was carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka from July 2005 to December 2006.
Results: After an average of 17 weeks, all of the patients had union (range 14 to 26 weeks).There was no deep infection, nonunion, malunion, implant failure, or nerve injury in any of the patients. In two cases, transient radial nerve palsy occurred. Minor infections were seen in four of the individuals. All of the patients were pain-free after surgery.The functional outcome was outstanding in all instances and good in 16 patients, yielding 87 % satisfying results. Functional outcomes increased considerably postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p<0.001). In 20 individuals, the range of motion of the shoulders was great. The range of motion at the elbow was considerable in 21 patients and moderate in seven others. More than three-quarters of the patients (75.8%) experienced no problems. Four patients (12.1%) were infected, and two patients (6.1%) developed iatrogenic radial nerve palsy as a result of the surgery. One patient (3%) had a loose screw, while another (3%) needed blood transfusions owing to extensive bleeding at the donor graft site.
Conclusion: In distal third humeral fractures, open reduction and posterior DCP fixing, with or without autogenous bone grafting, is a safe and effective treatment option, especially when there is no infection or bony or neurovascular damage. Very few study conducted on distal 3rd diaphysial fracture of humerus fixed with DCP using posterior approach, therefore this study conducted to know the assessment of the outcome.
Measles Neutralization Antibodies and Some Related Factors in Women of Reproductive-age in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Dao Than Huu , Do Loan Phuong , Nguyen Anh Kieu Thi , Inoue Satoshi , Komase Katsuhiro , Hoang Hanh Duc , Nguyen Hien Tran 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Our study aimed to determine neutralization antibodies against measles virus and some related factors in women of childbearing-age from 18 to 30 years old, in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Methodology: In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,235 childbearing-age women from 18-30 years old in Bavi district, Hanoi, Vietnam. The study participants were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which included demographic information, and history of measles. The measles neutralization antibodies (MNA) of these participants were quantified by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The data were analyzed using the Epidata 3.1 and Stata 14.2 software.
Results: The results showed that only 58.5% had MNA at sufficient protective levels (≥120mIU/ml), up to 12.5% were negative for MNA, and 358 women (29%) had MNA at insufficient protective levels. In addition, we found that the participants’ working as public employees, having two children, and being ≥ 25 years of age were all positively associated with the sufficient protective antibody levels (P<0.05). A weak positive correlation between age and MNA titers was determined (r= 0.26).
Conclusion: Approximately half (41.5%) of the women of childbearing age in this study did not have sufficient protective antibodies against measles virus. The study results suggest that it is necessary to boost measles vaccine to prevent the sporadic measles infection in women of childbearing age in Hanoi and to quantify the dynamics of maternal measles antibody levels in infants born from these women, so as to provide evidences to control measles incidence in children up to 9 months of age in the future.
Prevalence of Malaria and the Use of Long-lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Nets in Households of Rural and Semi-urban Communities in Mbengwi Health District, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Nyasa Raymond Babila , Fomundam Muyang Florence , Patrick Chounna Ndongmo Winston , Damian Anong Nota 
Published: January 2022

Aims: In Cameroon, on August 2011 and October 2015 the Ministry of Public Health launched the national campaign for distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) to all families as a means of effectively fighting malaria transmission. The study area Mbengwi Health District found in the North West Region of Cameroon benefitted from this distribution of LLINs, but the impact of this intervention has not been evaluated. This study was designed to assess the use of LLINs in selected households of rural and semi-urban communities in Mbengwi Health District.
Study Design: A cross sectional study was conducted in households, between July 2017 to September 2017 in Mbengwi health district.
Methodology: Two questionnaires were administered; one to the household head and the other to the occupants. Blood samples were obtained to diagnose and quantify malaria parasite and to determine hemoglobin concentrations (HB). A total of 93 households and 440 inhabitants of all sexes and age groups were surveyed.
Results: Of the 440 participants, 49 were positive for malaria parasite giving an overall prevalence of 11.1%. From the questionnaires it was observed that 87 (93.5%) of the households owned LLINs, with up to 82 (94.3%) sleeping under the nets. All the owners of LLINs (87; 100%) obtained the nets from the government free of charge. There was no significant difference in bed-net ownership (p=0.978) and usage (p=0.664) between the rural and semi-urban communities. Malaria prevalence was significantly lower among users of LLINs (4.8%) than non-users (23.5%, p<0.001). Malaria parasite density negatively correlated significantly with HB (r= -0.097, p=0.041).
Conclusion: Overall, there was a high degree ownership and usage of LLINs by households in both rural and semi-urban communities, which was associated with protection from malaria infection.
Mebeverine Prescribing in the Outpatient Setting in Riyadh Region
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alsubaie Mohamed R. , Almutairi Abdullah T. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to explore mebeverine prescribing in the outpatient setting in Riyadh Region.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that included reviewing the outpatient prescriptions of mebeverine in a governmental hospital in Riyadh Region. The study excluded the prescriptions that were prescribed by other settings and the outpatient prescriptions that didn’t contain an mebeverine.
Results: During the study period between January 2018 to June 2018, mebeverine was prescribed to 113 patients. most of them were females (62.83%). The age of 29.20% of the patients was between 50 and 59 years. Most of the prescriptions that contained mebeverine were written by residents (86.73%) and most of the prescriptions that contained mebeverine were prescribed by internal medicine (34.51%), gastroenterology (23.89%), and emergency (21.24%) departments.
Conclusion: The present study showed that mebeverine was prescribed commonly in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of prescribing mebeverine and the frequency of prescribing other antispasmodic medications in different settings.
Marginal habitats provide unexpected survival benefits to the alpine marmot
Authors: Ferrari Caterina , Zanet Stefania , Rolando Antonio , Bertolino Sandro , Bassano Bruno , von Hardenberg Achaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAge‐specific survival trajectories can vary significantly among wild populations. Identifying the environmental conditions associated with such variability is of primary importance to understand the dynamics of free‐ranging populations. In this study, we investigated survival variations among alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) families living in areas with opposite environmental characteristics: the typical habitat of the species (alpine meadow) and a marginal area bordering the forest. We used data collected during an 11‐year study in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy) and performed a Bayesian survival trajectory analysis on marked individuals. Furthermore, we investigated, at a territorial level, the relationships among demographic parameters and habitat variables by using a path analysis approach. Contrary to our expectations, for most of the marmot's lifespan, survival rate was higher in the marginal site closer to the forest and with lower visibility than in the alpine meadow site. Path analysis indicated that the number of families living close to each other negatively affected the stability of the dominant couple, which in turn affected both juvenile survival and reproduction. Given the lower number of neighboring families which inhabited the marginal site and the potentially different predation pressure by the most effective predator in the area (Aquila chrysaetos), our results suggest that species adapted to live in open habitats may benefit from living in a marginal habitat. This study highlights the importance of habitats bordering the forest in the conservation of alpine marmots.
The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Pangau‐Adam Margaretha , Flassy Marlina , Trei Jan‐Niklas , Waltert Matthias , Soofi Mahmood 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rusa deer has been introduced to Merauke region and later to Vogelkop Peninsula in Indonesian New Guinea (West Papua) in 1928. It has widely dispersed across much of the West Papuan lowlands, but little is known on population size and its role for the livelihoods of rural communities. Here, our aim was to assess the population status of rusa deer, and to investigate the extent of hunting practices on this mammal in West Papua.We conducted camera trapping and line transect surveys simultaneously to estimate rusa deer population abundance in the Kwoor basin of the Tambrauw regency, Papua Barat province, Indonesia. We also interviewed hunters (n = 134), informants (n = 9) and households (n = 91) to assess hunting patterns and socioeconomic importance of rusa deer across 15 districts of the Tambrauw regency.We estimated rusa deer density within a 48‐km2forested area at 10.34 (5.36–19.98) and 21.04 individuals/km2using line transect andN‐mixture modelling approach using camera trapping data, respectively. Both density estimates are considerably higher than those from its native range in Java and Bali (0.08 individual/km2). Almost 92% of hunters reported that they hunted rusa deer in their traditional forests, being the most frequent amongst the 18 hunted species, particularly for commercial (62%) and subsistence (38%) purposes.Our results suggest that traditional hunting has become a significant livelihood activity and important income source in the study area. It is therefore imperative to identify potential management strategies on wildlife hunting while also considering that the high densities of introduced rusa deer may potentially exert adverse effects on native flora and fauna.This study further suggests that traditional knowledge (locally called ‘sasi’ system) and wildlife taboos still govern wildlife hunting and utilization of forest resources in West Papua, and these need to play a role in integrated community‐based wildlife management.
Mass Spectrometry of Organocobalt Derivatives
Authors: Koszinowski Konrad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Being one of the most powerful and versatile analytical techniques, mass spectrometry has greatly contributed to the analysis of organocobalt derivatives. After a short discussion of the ionization methods most relevant to the investigation of these species, this chapter reviews the application of mass spectrometry to the analysis of the title compounds. First, these applications include the characterization of preformed organocobalt derivatives, such as cobalt complexes with σ‐bound organyl groups, cobalt complexes with organic π‐donor ligands, and carbonyl‐containing cobalt clusters. In these cases, mass spectrometry is typically used as a routine technique, together with additional analytical methods. Second, mass spectrometry, particularly its electrospray‐ionization (ESI) variant, can also be employed for the detection and identification of in situ formed organocobalt derivatives. While ESI mass spectrometry is limited to the analysis of charged species, this method has succeeded in the observation of several quasi‐neutral organocobalt intermediates bearing a charged tag. From the time profiles of the ESI signal intensities of these intermediates, valuable information on the reaction kinectics could also be obtained. Finally, mass spectrometry has been extensively applied to the gas‐phase preparation and analysis of organocobalt derivatives. In the highly diluted gas phase, even very reactive organocobalt ions can be generated and further examined. Tandem‐spectrometry permits the mass selection of these ions and thereby greatly facilitates their analysis. Thus, gas‐phase experiments probing the uni‐ and bimolecular reactivity of organocobalt ions have afforded seminal thermochemical and mechanistic information. Coupling tandem mass spectrometry with gas‐phase spectroscopy has moreover furnished insight into the structures of organocobalt ions.
Brain stereotactic radiosurgery using MR‐guided online adaptive planning for daily setup variation: An end‐to‐end test
Authors: Han Eun Young , Wang He , Briere Tina Marie , Yeboa Debra Nana , Boursianis Themistoklis , Kalaitzakis Georgios , Pappas Evangelos , Castillo Pamela , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnline magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided radiotherapy is expected to benefit brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) due to superior soft tissue contrast and capability of daily adaptive planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate daily adaptive plan quality with setup variations and to perform an end‐to‐end test for brain SRS with multiple metastases treated with a 1.5‐Tesla MR‐Linac (MRL). The RTsafe PseudoPatient Prime brain phantom was used with a delineation insert that includes two predefined structures mimicking gadolinium contrast‐enhanced brain lesions. Daily adaptive plans were generated using six preset and six random setup variations. Two adaptive plans per daily MR image were generated using the adapt‐to‐position (ATP) and adapt‐to‐shape (ATS) workflows. An adaptive patient plan was generated on a diagnostic MR image with simulated translational and rotational daily setup variation and was compared with the reference plan. All adaptive plans were compared with the reference plan using the target coverage, Paddick conformity index, gradient index (GI), Brain V12 or V20, optimization time and total monitor units. Target doses were measured as an end‐to‐end test with two ionization chambers inserted into the phantom. With preset translational variations, V12 from the ATS plan was 17% lower than that of the ATP plan. With a larger daily setup variation, GI and V12 of the ATS plan were 10% and 16% lower than those of the ATP plan, respectively. Compared to the ATP plans, the plan quality index of the ATS plans was more consistent with the reference plan, and within 5% in both phantom and patient plans. The differences between the measured and planned target doses were within 1% for both treatment workflows. Treating brain SRS using an MRL is feasible and could achieve satisfactory dosimetric goals. Setup uncertainties could be accounted for using online plan adaptation. The ATS workflow achieved better dosimetric results than the ATP workflow at the cost of longer optimization time.
Untying the Bundles of Solution‐Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly Capacitive Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Hu Yunbin , Zheng Wenhao , Wang Can , Baaziz Walid , Richard Fanny , Ersen Ovidiu , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Narita Akimitsu , Ciesielski Artur , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe precise bottom‐up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with controlled width and edge structures may compensate for graphene's limitations, such as the absence of an electronic bandgap. At the same time, GNRs maintain graphene's unique lattice structure in one dimension and provide more open‐edge structures compared to graphene, thus allowing faster ion diffusion, which makes GNRs highly promising for energy storage systems. However, the current solution‐synthesized GNRs suffer from severe aggregation due to the strong π–π interactions, which limits their potential applications. Thus, it is indispensable to develop a facile and scalable approach to exfoliate the GNRs from the postsynthetic aggregates, yielding individual nanoribbons. Here, a high‐shear‐mixing approach is demonstrated to untie the GNR bundles into practically individual GNRs, by introducing suitable molecular interactions. The micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) electrode based on solution‐processed GNR film exhibits an excellent volumetric capacitance of 355 F cm−3 and a high power density of 550 W cm−3, reaching the state‐of‐the‐art performance of graphene and related carbon materials, and thus demonstrating the great potential of GNRs as electrode materials for future energy storage.
Facilitating In Situ Tumor Imaging with a Tetrahedral DNA Framework‐Enhanced Hybridization Chain Reaction Probe
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Tian Taoran , Xiao Dexuan , Gao Shaojingya , Cai Xiaoxiao , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRapid and efficient tools for early cancer detection have diagnostic and therapeutic value. Given that the DNA hairpin‐based hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is effective in detecting various biological targets, a tetrahedral framework DNA‐enhanced (TDN‐enhanced) HCR detection system (T‐probe system) is introduced for cancer‐related targets and its versatility is demonstrated by detecting intracellular target miRNA 21 and cellular membrane target nucleolin. Benefiting from the spatial confinement of the TDN, the T‐probe system demonstrates a high detection rate. It increases the reaction efficiency of nude hairpins in vitro while accurately and rapidly recognizing both membrane and intracellular cancer‐related targets in living cells. Furthermore, it exhibits superior fluorescence in vivo within 15 s of peripheral‐tumor injection and 10 min of tail‐vein injection. The T‐probe system efficiently and accurately images tumor‐related biomarkers in vitro and in vivo, thereby demonstrating great potential for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications.
A Clot‐Homing Near‐Infrared Probe for In Vivo Imaging of Murine Thromboembolic Models
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Peiwen , Liu Yurong , Wang Zhiyou , Zhou Yang , Jiang Longguang , Yuan Cai , Li Yongkun , Lin Wei , Huang Mingdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect thrombus imaging contributes to early detection of thrombosis, and animal models with clinical relevance are vital in the development of new thrombolytics. Here, a facile clot‐homing strategy is developed based on the finding that blood clot is negatively charged. Positively charged pentalysine moiety is coupled with phthalocyanine‐based fluorophore , and its applications in murine thromboembolic models are described. The probe efficiently stains the cryosection of intracranial thrombi retrieved from patients with cardioembolic stroke. In vitro, the fibrin‐rich clot is labeled by the probe at sub‐nanomolar concentration. The probe‐labeled clot is formed into microparticles (1–5 µm) and intravenously injected into mice for pulmonary embolism modeling. In vivo imaging demonstrates fast accumulation and retention of fluorescent clot microparticles in pulmonary vessels. Recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration greatly reduces near‐infrared signal in the lungs in a time‐dependent manner. This probe is also tested in a stroke model. Middle cerebral artery is occluded by autologous thrombi formed under electric stimulation. In vivo imaging shows that the probe efficiently homes to thrombus at early stage. Hence, this probe has great potential in real‐time imaging of thromboembolism in clinically relevant models, promoting bench‐to‐bedside translation. This clot‐homing principle can be used in other applications.
Highly Precise, Continuous, Long‐Term Monitoring of Skin Electrical Resistance by Nanomesh Electrodes
Authors: Miyamoto Akihito , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Lee Sunghoon , Yokota Tomoyuki , Amagai Masayuki , Someya Takao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe transepidermal water loss has been widely used as a method for directly evaluating the barrier function of the stratum corneum of the skin. However, transepidermal water loss could not be measured continuously for a long period of time, and there were no reports of continuous monitoring of skin barrier functions. Here, a method is reported to continuously monitor the skin electrical resistance by nanomesh electrodes for a long period of time while maintaining the natural skin condition that does not inhibit water evaporation. Simultaneous measurements of the skin electrical resistance by nanomesh electrodes and transepidermal water loss exhibits a linear fit with a high negative correlation. Furthermore, dynamics of skin physiological functions are successfully visualized by monitoring of the skin electrical resistance by nanomesh electrodes for 30 h in daily life.