bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Insecticides for Control on Potato, 1987:
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , RadclifFe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 20 May at the University of Minnesota Experimental Station, Rosemount. Experimental plots were 25 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Insecticide sprays were applied once with a CO2-powered hand sprayer delivering 36 gal/acre. CPB populations were very high. All treatments resulted in significantly fewer CPB larvae on 29 and 31 Jul compared with the untreated control, and all treatments except 6 qt Trident + 1 qt Nu-film resulted in significantly fewer larvae on 2 Aug. Plots were sprayed 26 Jul and counted 29 Jul, 31 Jul, and 2 Aug. Evaluations consisted of total counts of all second and third instars on 10 randomly selected plants from each plot. The percentage of rating control was based on comparison to mean CPB numbers in the 3 untreated control plots and corrected by Abbott’s formula. Control ranged from 30.3 to 100%.
Foliar Sprays for Control on Potato, 1988:
Authors: Lagnaoui A. , Radcliffe E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 20 May at the University of Minnestoa Experimental Station, Kosemount. Experimental plots were 8 rows wide and 50 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 5 Jul, 20 Jul, 27 Jul, 8 Aug, 15 Aug, 23 Aug, and 3 Sep using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row delivering 100 gal/acre at 200 psi. Margosan-O was sprayed once, on 5 Jul. On first application, all plots were sprayed with Asana at 0.0125 lb (AI)/acre to suppress adults and late instar larvae. Posttreatment counts were done 48 h later. Evaluations consisted of direct counts of CPB larvae by instar on 10 randomly selected plants from each of the 3 middle rows of the plot. Two-way ANOVA was used to test for treatment differences in CPB densities. The percentage control calculation was based on comparison with mean CPB numbers in the untreated control and corrected by Abbott’s formula.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1987:
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 25 Apr on the University of Idaho experiment station near Kimberly. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and surface irrigation was used. In Test 1, individual plots were 4 rows wide (12 ft) by 25 ft long. An untreated control and 5 treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer- at 30 psi using 50 gal finished spray/acre. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts of larvae and adults were taken by counting the stages visible on the plants by walking the length of the plot. Populations were 99% larvae. Test 2 was applied as in Test 1 except that the plots consisted of only 1 row and adults were 21% of the population.
Mortality in Leaf Cages, 1987:
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were treated with systemic insecticides in small plots (3 rows by 50 ft, 36-inch row spacing) on the University of Idaho research station near Kimberly. Soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by solid set sprinklers. The potatoes were planted 30 Apr. Seven insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Temik treatments were applied at rates of 2 and 3 lb (AI)/acre in the following methods: in a 2-3-inch band in the seed furrow at planting, in an 8-inch band 2-3 inches above the seed, and as granules in a 2-3-inch band in front of the planter disk opener. Also, Thimet was applied at 3 lb (AI)/acre in a 2-3-inch band in furrow as in the first 2 Temik treatments. On a weekly schedule, beginning 50 days after planting, 10 GPA were introduced into leaf cages. The cages were then attached to the bottom of a leaflet on a leaf near the bottom of the plant. Mortality was recorded 48 and 96 h after the cage was attached to the plant.
Foliar Sprays for Control on Potatoes, 1988:
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 25 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, Va. Each plot consisted of 12 60-ft-long rows bordered by 10 ft of bare ground. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer using hollow-cone nozzles spaced every 18 inches and delivering 40 gal/acre at 140 psi. Applications were made weekly from 18 May through 13 Jun. All plots were sprayed with Ambush 2 EC (4 fl oz/acre) on 9 May to control newly emerged, overwintered adults. Bond sticker was added to all treatments at the rate of 5 ml/gal. Evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of CPB small (first- and second-instars) and large (third- and fourth-instars) larvae on 5 consecutive stems at 10 randomly chosen sites/treatment plot. The percentage of defoliation was estimated on 10 and 17 Jun and harvest data were taken from the entire middle 6 rows of each treatment plot.
Mite Control, 1988
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to nonreplicated 1-acre plots consisting of 9-yr-old alternating ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Yorking’ trees. Five ‘Yorking’ trees were randomly selected for monitoring ERM and predators. The sprays were applied as alternate row middle applications with a Friend 309 sprayer calibrated at 50 gal/acre and driven at 2.3 mph. Spray dates were 15 and 22 Jun. A routine schedule of fungicides and insecticides (Dithane M-45, Benlate, Guthion, Lannate, Lorsban, and calcium chloride) was maintained throughout the experiment. Effectiveness of the treatments on ERM and Z. mali was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 125 leaves/treatment. The predator S. punctum was observed by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees.
Evaluation of Tabm Control, 1988
Authors: Hull L. A. , Rajotte E. G. , Knight A. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 4-tree plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot contained the following cultivars: ‘Delicious,’ ‘Golden Delicious,’ ‘Stayman,’ and ‘Rome Beauty.’ Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Each plot was surrounded by an adjacent 4-tree plot that was treated twice during each brood with a combination of Lannate + Pydrin to prevent TABM larvae from dispersing onto the test trees. Trees were planted to a spacing of 12 x 35 ft. Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer, 35 gal/min pump, equipped with a handgun to thoroughly wet the trees. Approximately 4.5 gals of spray was applied to each replicate tree (450 gal/acre). During the experiment, general maintenance sprays of the fungicide Dithane M-45 and calcium chloride as well as 2 alternate-row applications of Swat 8 E (for aphid control) were applied to all plots. Effectiveness against TABM was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Aug and a harvest sample from each cultivar. Apple samples averaged 484/tree, 7,744/treatment. TABM injury was classified according to brood.
Prebloom Control in Alfalfa Seed, 1988
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Babcock J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a commercial stand of ‘Vernema’ seed alfalfa that had been in production for 3 yr near Gardena, Walla Walla County, Wash. Experimental (0.01 acre) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied 20 May with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft spray boom calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi from 4 8003 flat-fan nozzles on 19-inch spacings. Samples of 5 180° sweeps with a 15-inch-diam sweep net were collected 28 May and 9 Jun. All life stages of PA were combined.
Control in Dryland Barley, 1987
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Lester Donald G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemicals were evaluated in 2 dryland barley fields. Field 1 was planted with a 7-inch Hoe drill at a seeding rate of 60 lb/acre in clay loam soil. Field 2 was planted with a 10-inch Hoe drill at the same rate in clay loam soil. Both fields were planted the first week of May and had been previously planted in barley. Plots measured 10 by 20 ft and were arranged in a 5 by 5 Latin square. Treatments were applied in water with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.5 gal/acre at 20 psi. The hand-held spray boom was equipped with TeeJet (8002) flat-fan nozzles and produced a 5-ft spray swath. Field 1 was treated 12 Jun and Field 2 was treated 25 Jun. BWM densities were estimated by placing the long edge of a 13- by 91/2- by 2-inch aluminum pan on the soil at a 45° angle adjacent to the plant crowns. One row-ft of barley was tapped 10 times with a 12-inch ruler, and mites knocked into the pan were counted. Five sampling locations were chosen randomly in each plot for each count. Counts were transformed by log(x + 1). Numbers in the table are actual means.
Control in Irrigated Barley, 1987
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Lester Donald G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Barley was planted 14 Apr in a recropped barley field in clay loam soil with a 7-inch Hoe drill at a seeding rate of 90 lb/acre, Plots were 10 by 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a 4 by 4 Latin square. Sprays were applied in water with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer set to deliver 20.5 gal/acre at 20 psi, The spray boom, held over the canopy, had Teejet (8002) flat-fan nozzles and produced a spray swath of 5 ft. Treatments were made 12 Jun. The barley was furrow irrigated 15 Jun. Mite infestations were evaluated by placing the long edge of a 13- by 91/2- by 2-inch aluminum pan on the soil at a 45° angle adjacent to the plant crowns and slapping 1 row-ft of barley 5 times. Mites knocked into the pan were counted. Five sampling locations were randomly chosen in each plot for each count. Data were subjected to ANOVA.
Control in Field Corn, 1988
Authors: Berry Edwin C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was established at the Iowa State Research Farm at Ankeny to determine the effectiveness of insecticide treatments applied at planting time for BCW control. A randomized complete block design was used, and each treatment was replicated 4 times. Each plot was 1 row by 17.5 ft (1/1,000 acre). Each plot was surrounded by an aluminum barrier buried 6-8 inches and projecting 10-12 inches above the soil. Barriers were placed around each plot prior to plant emergence. Treatments were applied with Noble applicators calibrated for each chemical. Materials were applied in a 7-inch band or as furrow treatments. Corn seeds were planted and treatments were applied with a John Deere 7100 Max-Emerge planter on 25 May at a rate of 24,000 seeds/acre. Plots were infested 31 May with 20 third-instar BCW from a laboratory colony. From 1 to 10 Jun, cut plants and stand counts were determined. Cut plants were marked with an applicator stick so that they would not be counted as uncut plants in the event of plant regrowth. Data were transformed by arcsine V% + 1 for analysis.
Control of Spider Mites and Second-Generation Corn Borers, 1988
Authors: Buschman L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in sprinkler-irrigated corn in Finney County, Kans. Treatments were applied with a Bull Thrush 1820 fixed-wing plane (wing span, 451/2 ft), flying 130 mph using Spraying Systems 3 hollow-cone nozzles at 22 psi and delivering a volume of 2 gal/acre. All plots were 3 plane swaths wide (except for 1 control plot, which was 2 plane swaths wide) (75 rows or 188 ft) and oriented east-west. The treatments were applied 30 Jul when the temperature was 82°F and the wind was 5 mph out of the west-southwest. Three treatments and a control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. BGM, mostly large adult females, were counted weekly by searching the leaves of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot 28 Jul through 18 Aug. SWCB and ECB evaluations were made 8 and 9 Sep by dissecting 25 plants/plot (5 consecutive corn plants next to each flagged plant). Larvae were recorded by species for each plant.
Control of Second-Generation Corn Borers and Effects on Spider Mites, 1988
Authors: Buschman L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in sprinkler-irrigated corn in Finney County, Kans. Treatments were applied with a fixed-wing plane delivering a volume of 3 gal/acre (Furadan-Di-Syston treatment) or 5 gal/acre (Dipel and Dipel-Comite treatments). All plots were 3 plane-swaths wide (75 rows or 188 ft) and oriented north-south. The treatments were applied the evening of 5 Aug when the temperature was 75°F and the wind was 8 mph out of the southeast. Repeat treatments (without miticides) were applied the morning of 15 Aug when the temperature was 82°F and the wind was 6 mph out of the southwest. Three treatments and a control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. BGM (mostly large adult females) were counted by searching the leaves of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot 5, 12, and 28 Aug. ECB and SWCB evaluations were made 19-20 Sep by dissecting 25 plants/plot (5 consecutive corn plants next to each flagged plant). Larvae were recorded by species for each plant.
Soil Insecticide Tests, 1988
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Losey John , Hoffman Lynn , McGahen Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen corn rootworm soil insecticide treatments were evaluated on a Hagerstown silt loam soil near Rocksprings, Pa. Three commercially available soil insecticides and 2 experimental soil insecticides were used in the test. A randomized complete block design with 6 replicates of 20 treatments was used. All insecticides and rates were applied in furrow and as a T-band applications, with the exception of Furadan 15 G, which was applied only in furrow. Plots were 20 ft long and 2 rows wide. The planting-time applications were applied using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000 corn planter on 23 May. T-Band applications were applied in 7-inch bands over the row, and in-furrow applications were directed into the row in front of the press wheel. The corn was planted 23 May in 30-inch rows, 27,000 plants/acre. In 1988, rainfall measured 5.03, 1.13, 6.18, and 6.14 inches for May, June, July, and August, respectively. Around 1 Aug, 5 corn plants were dug from each plot and the roots were rated for damage using the Iowa 6-category rating system (1, no damage; 6, 3 nodes cut). Corn was harvested on 14 Nov, and yield and number of plants measured from both rows of each plot.
Second-Generation White Apple Leafhopper Timing Experiment, 1987
Authors: Beers E. H. , Eisner E. A. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 7-yr-old orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Materials were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 400-500 psi. Rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. The first spray was timed shortly after the second-generation nymphs hatched. WALH densities were determined by counting nymphs on 20 randomly selected leaves/tree showing visible injury on the upper surface (80 leaves/treatment). Counts were made weekly. Cumulative leafhopper-days were calculated by averaging 2 successive nymph counts, multiplying by the number of intervening days, and adding these over the season.
Corn Rootworm Control on Early-Planted Corn, 1988
Authors: Jarvi K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine soil insecticides were applied at the full rate at planting time and at a reduced rate at first cultivation time at Concord, Nebr. The test plot was planted 25 Apr in a continuous corn field with a silty clay loam soil type. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of a single 35-ft-long row; rows were 30 inches apart. Insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band by a Noble granular metering unit mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator equipped with incorporation tines. Cultivation treatments were applied 31 May over the row and followed immediately by a tractor-mounted cultivator. No phytotoxicity was observed. Feeding damage was evaluated 6 Jul. Five roots were dug from each treatment row and rated by the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed).
Maize Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Maredia K. M. , Mihm J. A. , Tasistro A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Test 1, 19 treatments were applied to uninfested grain of‘Across 8363 QPM’ maize (11% moisture) in December 1986. Each treatment consisted of 1.0 kg of grain, divided into 4 replicate batches of 250 g each in pint glass jars (lids ventilated with screen apertures). They were held at 25 ± 1°C and 60-80% RH. Each replicate jar was infested with 50 ± 2 newly emerged, unsexed weevils 10 DAT, and mortality was recorded after a 7-d exposure period. The treatments with high initial mortality were reinfested with 50 ± 2 weevils/jar 3 months after treatment. Treatments giving only partial or no control were maintained with only the initial infestation. Effective treatments were again reinfested at 6 and 9 months after treatment to check on persistence of control. Between intervals, seeds were moved to Poza Rica, Mexico (a humid lowland tropical area), to simulate field conditions. Eleven months after treatment, the percentage of germination (in greenhouse flats, 4-cm soil cover) was determined to assess possible phytotoxic effects on seed and reduction in germination as a result of weevil damage to grain. In Test 2, to simulate the situation of field infested grain, weevils were allowed to feed and lay eggs on 20 kg of‘Across 8363 QPM’ maize grain (12.5% moisture) for 14 d. Then, the same 19 treatments used in Test 1 (1.0 kg grain/treatment split into 4 replicates) were made. At 40 DAT, the number of adult weevils emerged in each treatment was recorded.
Control of Corn Borer, 1988
Authors: Michels G. J. , Behle R. W. , Bible J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted at the Texas North Plains Research Field in Etter to determine the efficacy of Fortress 10 G against SWCB in field corn. Corn was planted 14 Apr under conventional tillage practices. Fortress 10 G was applied by hand on 13 May to single-row plots 50 ft long, the second application was made over the row 12 Aug. Two applications of Asana 0.66 EC were sprayed as a standard on 12 and 19 Aug with a 4-nozzle hand-held sprayer holding the boom vertically to direct the spray to each side of corn. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were evaluated for control of SWCB and ECB, although the treatments were applied to control second-generation SWCB. Evaluations for percentage of infested plants taken on 25 Aug consisted of splitting 5 plants/plot and recording the number with borer damage and the number of live corn borers/plant. Percentage of girdled plants was determined 28 Sep based on the total number of plants in each plot. Yield data also were taken 28 Sep based on hand-harvested ear weights from standing plants.
Wireworm Control, 1988
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Spike B. P. , Gifford J. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three plots were established in fields that required replanting because of wireworm damage. The seedbed was prepared by field cultivating out the reduced stand in the severely damaged area of the fields. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The treatments were applied to single 40-ft-long rows on 30-inch spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been calibrated to deliver material at 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Each row was monitored constantly to ensure that insecticide was being correctly applied at all times. Drag chains were used for incorporation. Seed treatments were machine planted with each seed treatment assigned to its own seed hopper. Following corn emergence, stand counts were taken and the seeds and seedlings were carefully extracted from two 1-m sections of row, inspected and rated for damage on the following 1-4 damage scale: 1, seed or seedling undamaged; 2, seed or seedling damaged but plant established; 3, seed or seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress; 4, seed or seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. The percentage of damaged seeds or seedlings was calculated from the rating scale. Insecticide efficacy was determined by ANOVA. Significant feeding damage occurred only at the Gilbert location.
Control of European Corn Borer, 1986
Authors: Ostlie K. , Ross S. , Borgmeier J. , Barber Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Performance of granular and liquid insecticides against first-generation ECB larvae was evaluated in a small-plot trial near Angus, Polk County, Minn. Plots of 2 rows (30-inch row width) and 30 ft, were established in a commercial production field. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Ground application of insecticides was made 17 Jul under light winds (&lt;4 mph) and temperatures ranging from 70 to 80°F. Liquid formulations were broadcast with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 17 gal/acre at 40 psi through Zytel LF-3-80 nozzles. Granular formulations, premeasured for each plot, were manually applied with a shaker jar. Efficacy was evaluated 26 Aug by dissecting 10 plant/plot and counting the tunnels.
Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer, 1986
Authors: Ostlie K. , Herzfeld D. , Chaddha S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although granular formulations are generally considered more effective than other formulations against first-generation ECB larvae, this small-plot trial evaluated efficacy of liquid insecticides. The trial was conducted in a commercial production field near Beardsley, Minn. Plots of 2 rows (30-inch spacing) by 30 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Liquid insecticides were applied to whorl stage corn 7 Jul when temperatures were 70-75°F and the winds were calm. The liquid insecticides were broadcast with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer in 17 gal water at 40 psi through Zytel LF-3-80 nozzles. There was 0.85 inches of rainfall early the next morning. Insecticide performance was evaluated 9 Aug by dissecting 10 infested plants/plot and counting the tunnels.
Control of Hop Vine Borer, 1985
Authors: Ostlie K. , Breitenbach F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When previous studies indicated granular soil insecticides were ineffective against HVB, we decided to evaluate the performance of soil-applied liquid insecticides. Efficacy of 8 insecticides, chosen primarily for their efficacy against cutworms, was examined in a small-plot trial near Eyota, Minn. Plots were 6 rows (30-inch spacing) by 20 ft located along a fence row that served as a reservoir for migrating HVB. The plots were located in Rows 2-7 from the fence row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Insecticides were broadcast 28 May when stand loss and “dead-heart” symptoms of HVB attack were noted in Row 1. A CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 17 gal water/acre at 40 psi through 8002 nozzles was used to apply the insecticides. Corn was in stage V2 (2 leaves with exposed collars). Attacking HVB were third and fourth instars. Efficacy was measured indirectly through stand counts taken at 0, 3, 7, and 14 DAT. Yields adjusted to 15.5% moisture were also measured. To correct for variability in pretreatment stands, expected yields were estimated from pretreatment stand multiplied by average ear size (0.00552 bu/ear), and yield loss was calculated as the difference between expected and actual yields.