bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of m6A RNA methylation in the development of hepatitis B virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Dai Dongjun , Zhang Wangjian , Yang Wenjun , Guo Yinglu , Wei Qichun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy that can be developed from hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Many pathophysiological alterations, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration, oxidative stress, cytokine release, telomerase homeostasis, mitochondrial damage, epigenetic modification, and tumor microenvironment, are involved in the biological process from hepatitis B to cirrhosis and HCC. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), as an epitranscriptomic modification of RNAs, can regulate the stability, splicing, degradation, transcription, and translation of downstream target RNAs in HBV and liver cancer cells. m6A regulators (writers, erasers, and readers) play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV‐associated HCC by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, autophagy, differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the current progress of m6A methylation in the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and potential clinical implications of HBV‐associated HCC.
The Phytophthora effector Avh94 manipulates host jasmonic acid signaling to promote infection
Authors: Zhao Yao , Yang Bo , Xu Huawei , Wu Jinbin , Xu Zhiyang , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae is a causal agent of soybean root rot. Upon colonization of soybeans, P. sojae secretes various RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses, supporting successful infection. Previous research has demonstrated that the RXLR effector Avh94 functions as a virulence effector, but the molecular mechanism underlying its role in virulence remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Avh94 overexpression in plants and pathogens promotes Phytophthora infection. Avh94 interacts with soybean JAZ1/2, which is a repressor of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Avh94 stabilizes JAZ1/2 to inhibit JA signaling and silencing of JAZ1/2 enhances soybean resistance against P. sojae. Moreover, P. sojae lines overexpressing Avh94 inhibit JA signaling. Furthermore, exogenous application of methyl jasmonate improves plant resistance to Phytophthora. Taken together, these findings suggest that P. sojae employs an RXLR effector to hijack JA signaling and thereby promote infection.
Job satisfaction among small rural hospital nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Smith Sarah , Lapkin Samuel , Halcomb Elizabeth , Sim Jenny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore the relationships between job satisfaction, community satisfaction, practice environment, burnout, and intention to leave of nurses working in Australian small rural hospitals.DesignA national cross‐sectional survey of 383 nurses from Australian rural public hospitals of less than 99 beds during 2018.MethodsJob satisfaction was measured on a four‐point Likert scale. Factors associated with community satisfaction, practice environment, burnout and intention to leave were analyzed using multiple linear regression to explore the predictors of job satisfaction.FindingsOverall job satisfaction was positive, with most nurses moderately (n = 146, 38.1%) or very satisfied (n = 107, 27.9%) with their current job. Emotional exhaustion, nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses were the most significant predictors of job satisfaction.ConclusionThis study provides new insight into the factors impacting the job satisfaction of nurses working in rural hospitals. The knowledge gained is important to inform strategies to retain nurses in rural areas and, in turn, ensure rural communities have access to quality health care.Clinical relevanceThe impact of nurses' job satisfaction on burnout, patient safety, and intention to leave is well recognized; however, there is limited understanding of job satisfaction in a rural hospital context. This study provides an understanding of the factors that impact job satisfaction of nurses working in small rural hospitals and highlights the importance of improving the practice environment to reduce the high attrition rates of this workforce.
Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon—A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals
Authors: Cabreira Sergio F. , Schultz Cesar L. , da Silva Lúcio R. , Lora Luiz Henrique Puricelli , Pakulski Cristiane , do Rêgo Rodrigo C. B. , Soares Marina B. , Smith Moya Meredith , Richter Martha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo sets of teeth (diphyodonty) characterise extant mammals but not reptiles, as they generate many replacement sets (polyphyodonty). The transition in long‐extinct species from many sets to only two has to date only been reported in Jurassic eucynodonts. Specimens of the Late Triassic brasilodontid eucynodont Brasilodon have provided anatomical and histological data from three lower jaws of different growth stages. These reveal ordered and timed replacement of deciduous by adult teeth. Therefore, this diphyodont dentition, as contemporary of the oldest known dinosaurs, shows that Brasilodon falls within a range of wide variations of typically mammalian, diphyodont dental patterns. Importantly, these three lower jaws represent distinct ontogenetic stages that reveal classic features for timed control of replacement, by the generation of only one replacement set of teeth. This data shows that the primary premolars reveal a temporal replacement pattern, importantly from directly below each tooth, by controlled regulation of tooth resorption and regeneration. The complexity of the adult prismatic enamel structure with a conspicuous intra‐structural Schmelzmuster array suggests that, as in the case of extant mammals, this extinct species would have probably sustained higher metabolic rates than reptiles. Furthermore, in modern mammals, diphyodonty and prismatic enamel are inextricably linked, anatomically and physiologically, to a set of other traits including placentation, endothermy, fur, lactation and even parental care. Our analysis of the osteodental anatomy of Brasilodon pushes back the origin of diphyodonty and consequently, its related biological traits to the Norian (225.42 ± 0.37 myr), and around 25 myr after the End‐Permian mass extinction event.
Body weight and body fat are negatively associated with severe dyspareunia in postmenopausal women
Authors: Terauchi Masakazu , Odai Tamami , Kato Kiyoko , Miyasaka Naoyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the factors associated with dyspareunia in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal Japanese women participating in the health and nutrition education program at a menopause clinic.MethodsFirst‐visit records of 1702 pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal Japanese women (aged 40–79 years) were analyzed. The relationship between severe dyspareunia and background characteristics was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 53.0 ± 6.3 years. The percentage of women who suffered from severe dyspareunia in the pre‐, peri‐, postmenopausal, and the hormone therapy receiving groups were 7.1%, 10.5%, 14.6%, and 7.8%, respectively. In the postmenopausal group, the percentage of women affected by severe dyspareunia was the highest between 2 and 5 years after menopause (18.8%), presumably owing to the gradual postmenopausal decline in the number of sexually active women. In sexually active postmenopausal women, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF%) differed significantly among those who had severe dyspareunia (N = 119) and those who did not (N = 334). BMI and BF% were negatively associated with severe dyspareunia, even after adjustment for age and years since menopause (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: BMI, 0.894 [0.825–0.964],p = 0.003; BF%, 0.947 [0.909–0.985],p = 0.006).ConclusionsBMI and BF% were negatively associated with dyspareunia in sexually active postmenopausal women. In addition to aging, the loss of body weight and fat could negatively impact intercourse in sexually active postmenopausal women.
Prevalence of high flow nasal cannula therapy use for management of infants with bronchiolitis in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: O'Brien Sharon , Haskell Libby , Schembri Rachel , Gill Fenella J , Wilson Sally , Borland Meredith L , Oakley Ed , Dalziel Stuart R ,   the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) network, Australasia
Published: September 2022

AimTo determine the prevalence of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in infants presenting to hospital in Australia and New Zealand with bronchiolitis over four bronchiolitis seasons. Secondary aims were to determine temporal trends in HFNC use, and associations between HFNC, hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.MethodsA planned sub‐study of a multi‐centre international cluster randomised controlled trial investigating knowledge translation strategies for a bi‐national bronchiolitis guideline. Demographics, management and outcomes data were collected retrospectively for infants presenting with bronchiolitis to 26 hospitals between 1 May 2014 and 30 November 2017. Prevalence data are presented as absolute frequencies (95% confidence interval (CI)) with differences between groups for continuous and categorical variables analysed using linear and logistic regression, respectively.Results11 715 infants were included with 3392 (29.0%, 95% CI (28.1–29.8%)) receiving oxygen therapy; of whom 1817 (53.6%, 95% CI (51.9–55.3%)) received HFNC. Use of oxygen therapy did not change over the four bronchiolitis seasons (P = 0.12), while the proportion receiving HFNC increased (2014, 336/2587 (43.2%); 2017, 609/3720 (57.8%); P ≤ 0.001). Infants who received HFNC therapy were not substantially different to infants who received oxygen therapy without HFNC. HFNC use was associated with increases in both hospital LOS (P < 0.001) and ICU admissions (P < 0.001).ConclusionUse of HFNC therapy for infants with bronchiolitis increased over 4 years. Of those who received oxygen therapy, the majority received HFNC therapy without improvement in hospital LOS or ICU admissions. Strategies to guide appropriate HFNC use in infants with bronchiolitis are required.
Predictors of delayed retirement intention in older Chinese workers
Authors: Kong Wenwen , Ren Minmin , Li Yuqin , Feng Danjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to explore delayed retirement intention and its influencing factors in a large sample of older Chinese workers. A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 2776 older Chinese workers. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed separately for male and female workers to examine the association between work characteristics, family factors, personal health and the neuroticism trait and delayed retirement intention. Results showed that workers had low delayed retirement intention, while female workers were more reluctant to delay retirement than male workers. Job demand‐control, job satisfaction, family economic status, family caregiving responsibilities, chronic diseases, physical health, mental health and neuroticism were predictors of male workers' delayed retirement intention, while job effort‐reward imbalance, job satisfaction, family caregiving responsibilities and neuroticism were predictors of female workers' delayed retirement intention after controlling for demographic factors.
Pollen DNA metabarcoding reveals cryptic diversity and high spatial turnover in alpine plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Encinas‐Viso Francisco , Bovill Jessica , Albrecht David E. , Florez‐Fernandez Jaime , Lessard Bryan , Lumbers James , Rodriguez Juanita , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander , Zwick Andreas , Milla Liz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlpine plant–pollinator communities play an important role in the functioning of alpine ecosystems, which are highly threatened by climate change. However, we still have a poor understanding of how environmental factors and spatiotemporal variability shape these communities. Here, we investigate what drives structure and beta diversity in a plant–pollinator metacommunity from the Australian alpine region using two approaches: pollen DNA metabarcoding (MB) and observations. Individual pollinators often carry pollen from multiple plant species, and therefore we expected MB to reveal a more diverse and complex network structure. We used two gene regions (ITS2 and trnL) to identify plant species present in the pollen loads of 154 insect pollinator specimens from three alpine habitats and construct MB networks, and compared them to networks based on observations alone. We compared species and interaction turnover across space for both types of networks, and evaluated their differences for plant phylogenetic diversity and beta diversity. We found significant structural differences between the two types of networks; notably, MB networks were much less specialized but more diverse than observation networks, with MB detecting many cryptic plant species. Both approaches revealed that alpine pollination networks are very generalized, but we estimated a high spatial turnover of plant species (0.79) and interaction rewiring (0.6) as well as high plant phylogenetic diversity (0.68) driven by habitat differences based on the larger diversity of plant species and species interactions detected with MB. Overall, our findings show that habitat and microclimatic heterogeneity drives diversity and fine‐scale spatial turnover of alpine plant–pollinator networks.
Examining the concordance of retinal ganglion cell counts generated using measures of structure and function
Authors: Stapley Victoria , Anderson Roger S. , Saunders Kathryn , Mulholland Pádraig J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThere are several indirect methods used to estimate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count in an individual eye, but there is limited information as to the agreement between these methods. In this work, RGC receptive field (RGC‐RF) count underlying a spot stimulus (0.43°, Goldmann III) was calculated and compared using three different methods.MethodsRGC‐RF count was calculated at a retinal eccentricity of 2.32 mm for 44 healthy adult participants (aged 18–58 years, refractive error −9.75 DS to +1.75 DS) using: (i) functional measures of achromatic peripheral grating resolution acuity (PGRA), (ii) structural measures of RGC‐layer thickness (OCT‐model, based on the method outlined by Raza and Hood) and (iii) scaling published histology density data to simulate a global expansion in myopia (Histology‐Balloon).ResultsWhilst average RGC‐RF counts from the OCT‐model (median 105.3, IQR 99.6–111.0) and the Histology‐Balloon model (median 107.5, IQR 97.7–114.6) were similar, PGRA estimates were approximately 65% lower (median 37.7, IQR 33.8–46.0). However, there was poor agreement between all three methods (Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement; PGRA/OCT: 55.4; PGRA/Histology‐Balloon 59.3; OCT/Histology‐Balloon: 52.4). High intersubject variability in RGC‐RF count was evident using all three methods.ConclusionsThe lower PGRA RGC‐RF counts may be the result of targeting only a specific subset of functional RGCs, as opposed to the coarser approach of the OCT‐model and Histology‐Balloon, which include all RGCs, and also likely displaced amacrine cells. In the absence of a ‘ground truth’, direct measure of RGC‐RF count, it is not possible to determine which method is most accurate, and each has limitations. However, what is clear is the poor agreement found between the methods prevents direct comparison of RGC‐RF counts between studies utilising different methodologies and highlights the need to utilise the same method in longitudinal work.
Class IV semaphorins in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Nojima Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemaphorins are a large family of secreted and/or transmembrane proteins, originally identified as proteins that function in axon guidance during neuronal development. However, semaphorins play crucial roles in other physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, angiogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. Class IV semaphorins may be present as transmembrane and soluble forms and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review discusses recent progress on the roles of class IV semaphorins determined by clinical and experimental pathology studies.
Nonparametric asymptotic confidence intervals for extreme quantiles
Authors: Gardes Laurent , Maistre Samuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose new asymptotic confidence intervals for extreme quantiles, that is, for quantiles located outside the range of the available data. We restrict ourselves to the situation where the underlying distribution is heavy‐tailed. While asymptotic confidence intervals are mostly constructed around a pivotal quantity, we consider here an alternative approach based on the distribution of order statistics sampled from a uniform distribution. The convergence of the coverage probability to the nominal one is established under a classical second‐order condition. The finite sample behavior is also examined and our methodology is applied to a real dataset.
On the robustness to outliers of the Student‐t process
Authors: Andrade J. Ailton A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe theory of Bayesian robustness modeling uses heavy‐tailed distributions to resolve conflicts of information by rejecting automatically the outlying information in favor of the other sources of information. In particular, the Student's‐t process is a natural alternative to the Gaussian process when the data might carry atypical information. Several works attest to the robustness of the Student process, however, the studies are mostly guided by intuition and focused mostly on the computational aspects rather than the mathematical properties of the involved distributions. This work uses the theory of regular variation to address the robustness of the Student process in the context of nonlinear regression, that is, the behavior of the posterior distribution in the presence of outliers in the inputs, in the outputs, or in both sources of information. In all these cases, under certain conditions, it is shown that the posterior distribution tends to a quantity that does not depend on the atypical information, then, for every case, the limiting posterior distribution as the outliers tend to infinity is provided. The impact of outliers on the predictive posterior distribution is also addressed. The theory is illustrated with a few simulated examples.
Dealing with drift: Comparing social care reform in the four nations of the UK
Authors: Needham Catherine , Hall Patrick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReform of social care for older and disabled people has become a pressing political issue, given demographic change and shifting public expectations. In the UK, social insurance for long‐term care wasn't included in the post‐war welfare state and remains unfinished business. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with policy stakeholders and analysis of policy documents, the concept of policy drift is used here to explain the incomplete and variable progress on social care funding reform in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Each nation has jurisdiction over its own care system and each has taken a different path towards introducing a form of risk pooling for social care. Of the factors which are known to create policy drift (e.g., veto players, complexity, agenda overload), Scotland has the least of these and England the most. This is consistent with the reform trajectories in which Scotland has gone furthest on care funding reform, introducing free personal care in 2002, whereas England has lagged behind the others and is only now introducing reform. The article contributes to the drift literature by exposing its comparative element: polities define their progress or justify their delays in reference to their neighbours.
Awareness, perceptions, and characteristics of internal medicine residents as role models
Authors: Toro‐Tobon David , Thornton Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRole modelling is an essential component of medical education in which trainees incorporate observed characteristics into their personal behaviour and practice style. Data on residents as role models is limited. There are no previous quantitative studies addressing residents as role models from the resident's perspective.ObjectiveThis study aimed to dissect the awareness, perception, and positive characteristics of internal medicine (IM) residents as role models.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study, in which 59 medical students (MS) and 64 IM residents from Medstar Georgetown University Hospital completed a questionnaire on role modelling. Descriptive and comparative analyses between both groups were conducted.FindingsMost participants perceived IM residents as role models, but MS were more likely to report that IM residents lack awareness of their role model status. While MS perceived spending more hours with residents, the residents perceived dedicating more of the time spent together to teaching. Most participants denied previous training in role modelling but expressed interest in receiving formal role modelling training. Most participants reported MS behaviours were modified based on their observations of IM residents; however, while most of these behaviours were positive, there were also negative behaviours reported.ConclusionThere was a discrepancy between perception and awareness of residents as role models. This characterisation of IM residents as role models sets the ground for the design of interventions to increase awareness and create educational interventions aimed to support residents in their teaching role.
Health‐related quality of life after restrictive versus liberal RBC transfusion for cardiac surgery: Sub‐study from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hu Raymond T. , Royse Alistair G. , Royse Colin , Scott David A. , Bowyer Andrea , Boggett Stuart , Summers Peter , Mazer Cyril David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery III (TRICS III), a multi‐center randomized controlled trial, demonstrated clinical non‐inferiority for restrictive versus liberal RBC transfusion for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, it is uncertain if transfusion strategy affects long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).Study Design and MethodsIn this planned sub‐study of Australian patients in TRICS III, we sought to determine the non‐inferiority of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy on long‐term HRQOL and to describe clinical outcomes 24 months postoperatively. The restrictive strategy involved transfusing RBCs when hemoglobin was <7.5 g/dl; the transfusion triggers in the liberal group were: <9.5 g/L intraoperatively, <9.5 g/L in intensive care, or <8.5 g/dl on the ward. HRQOL assessments were performed using the 36‐item short form survey version 2 (SF‐36v2). Primary outcome was non‐inferiority of summary measures of SF‐36v2 at 12 months, (non‐inferiority margin: −0.25 effect size; restrictive minus liberal scores). Secondary outcomes included non‐inferiority of HRQOL at 18 and 24 months.ResultsSix hundred seventeen Australian patients received allocated randomization; HRQOL data were available for 208/311 in restrictive and 217/306 in liberal group. After multiple imputation, non‐inferiority of restrictive transfusion at 12 months was not demonstrated for HRQOL, and the estimates were directionally in favor of liberal transfusion. Non‐inferiority also could not be concluded at 18 and 24 months. Sensitivity analyses supported these results. There were no differences in quality‐adjusted life years or composite clinical outcomes up to 24 months after surgery.DiscussionThe non‐inferiority of a restrictive compared to a liberal transfusion strategy was not established for long‐term HRQOL in this dataset.