bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization of pharmaceutical provision of patients with pulmonary hypertension on the example of Kyiv
Authors: Даценко І. С. , Кабачна А. В. , Гульпа В. С. 
Published: May 2022

In Ukraine, pharmaceutical provision of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a rare (orphan) disease is one of the important components of the State policy. Despite the permanent reform of the medical and pharmaceutical sector, a significant number of problems in the formation of a balanced system for providing the necessary medicinal products (MP) to orphan patients have not yet been resolved.
The purpose of the study is to study the process of pharmaceutical provision of patients with PH, using the example of Kyiv.
Information on MP purchases for patients in Kyiv, included in the Unified Clinical Protocol for Emergency, Primary, Secondary (Specialized) Medical Care Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults for the State and local budgets for 2018–2021, has been chosen as the object of the study. We have used system-review, documentary, and marketing research methods.
The result of the analysis of the annual need for 2018–2021 in INN, necessary for the pharmaceutical provision of Kyiv patients with PH, has shown that the annual decrease in funding compared to 2018, namely: in 2019– by 17.54%, in 2020– by 32.52%, in 2021 – by 50.08%, due to a decrease in the cost of INN Sildenafil (Sildenafilum) by an average of 89.21% annually, compared with the cost in 2018.
At the same time, the state of providing MP for patients with PH in Kyiv for the period 2018–2021 indicates that the total need for them was met at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine and the budget of Kyiv for the implementation of the City Target Program «Health of Kievans» in 2018 – by 81.46%, and in 2019 – by 91.67% of the need.
The supply of MP ordered for 2020 for the treatment of PH at the expense of the State Budget took place only at the end of 2021. Only Iloprost (Iloprostum) of the six supplies of INN ordered was completed, which accounted for 82.27% of the declared need.
In 2021, only Sildenafil (Sildenafilum) was purchased at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine, which is 8% of the need to provide treatment for patients with PH in the city of Kyiv. The City Target Program «Health of Kievans» for 2021 does not provide for expenses in the «Pulmonary Hypertension» direction.
Thus, the results of a study of the organization of pharmaceutical support for Kyiv residents with PH indicate that there are no financial guarantees for the provision of free medical care to patients with rare (orphan) diseases.
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on mental health of Iranian people
Authors: Mowla Arash , Ardekani Ali , Feili Afrooz , Rahimian Zahra 
Published: May 2022

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION.</strong> The highly contagious novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged recently as a global pandemic. An efficient way to mitigate the spread of the disease is lockdown and quarantine.<br /><strong>OBJECTIVE.</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the Iranian population’s mental health under lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br /><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS.</strong> The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was utilized to assess the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Iranian residents through an online survey. The questionnaire was sent on April 3, 2020, and remained open to responses until April 10, 2020. This period was the time of complete lockdown in Iran. Inclusion criteria included either gender, reading Farsi, internet access, and being between the ages of 18 and 65. Respondents with scores ≥ 24 were classified as having psychiatric problems.<br /><strong>RESULTS.</strong> Of 35,529 completed surveys, 28,790 were eligible for analysis. 73.4% of the respondents were female. The majority of the participants were between the ages of 26 to 45. Of the participants, 35.5% had scores in the pathological range. We found that females, younger residents, singles, and individuals with lower education had higher levels of psychopathology.<br /><strong>CONCLUSIONS.</strong> Our study suggests that the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine are wide-ranging, substantial, and can be long-lasting.</p>
Provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural production in Russia
Authors: Ibragimov A. G. , Borulko V. G. , Prokhorov I. P. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance.The level of technical equipment occupies a special place in the development of agricultural production. For the development and improvement of production operations in agriculture, developed countries are introducing various high-tech processes and equipment. As a result, agricultural work becomes more interesting, productive and efficient. Only due to the complete automation of technological operations and processes, it is possible to significantly facilitate hard physical labor. The volume of work is significantly increasing at the same costs with the use of innovative machinery and equipment in agricultural production. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of production.Materials and research methods.The materials of the study were data from periodicals on trends in the technical re-equipment of agriculture in Russia, materials of statistical reporting of the Russian Federation, its constituent entities and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia over the past decades. In the course of the research, abstractlogical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analysis and statistical methods were used.Results.According to the results of the studies, it was established that the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to agricultural enterprises in Russia has been deteriorating from year to year since 1990, there is a high level of deterioration of technical equipment, a low level of its renewal, a large share of old structures in the structure of the technical fleet of agricultural enterprises. Due to the lack of agricultural machinery, Russia loses about 30% of its crop yield every year, significant losses of production occur from non-compliance with agrotechnical terms for spring sowing, sowing winter crops, harvesting, as well as violations of the technology of cultivation of crops. As the reasons for the lag in the technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in Russia, the authors highlight such factors as the low level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, the inaccessibility of credit funds and weak government support for the industry. It is proved that without positive changes in the trend of technical equipment of agricultural organizations it will be impossible to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.
Статика і динаміка еталонного управління розвитком промислових підприємств: системно-процесна основа.
Authors: Божанова Олена , Юхман Ярина , Ковальов Валерій 
Published: May 2022

Анотація. Сьогодні швидко змінюється оточуюче середовище, в якому працюють вітчизняні промислові підприємства, і традиційні методи управління підприємством не достатньо ефективні. Промислові підприємства функціонують в умовах зростаючої невизначеності й динамічності зовнішнього середовища. У зв’язку з цим управління розвитком є важливою умовою ефективної діяльності підприємств. Тому одним з актуальних питань економічних досліджень є пошук шляхів забезпечення відповідного новим умовам господарювання процесу управління розвитком вітчизняних промислових підприємств.
Метою дослідження є визначення сутності понять «статичний і динамічний стан промислового підприємства», «управління розвитком промислового підприємства», «еталонне управління розвитком промислового підприємства» та визначення принципів еталонного управління розвитком підприємства. Для досягнення поставленої мети в даній роботі розглянуто проблематику управління розвитком промислового підприємства. Розкрито сутність понять «статичний і динамічний стан» промислового підприємства. На підставі дослідження запропоновано власне визначення поняття «управління розвитком» та «еталонне управління розвитком» промислових підприємств. На підставі здійсненого аналізу літературних джерел обґрунтовано принципи еталонного управління розвитком підприємства, до яких віднесено: науковість, комплексність, координованість, оперативність, гнучкість, стратегічна орієнтація. Доведено, що розвиток підприємства має носити незворотній характер, в протилежному випадку підприємство зіткнуться з негативним явищем – кризою, і не зможе її подолати, а процес управління розвитком підприємства в таких ситуаціях має підлягати постійному корегуванню. Тому система управління розвитком підприємства повинна бути поетапною.
Ключові слова: статичний стан промислового підприємства, динамічний стан промислового підприємства, розвиток підприємства, управління розвитком підприємства, еталонне управління розвитком підприємства.
Тенденції розвитку світового ринку морських контейнерних перевезень
Authors: Савченко Марина , Панасюк Павло , Левченко Олександр 
Published: May 2022

Мета статті полягає у вивченні та проведенні аналізу сучасного стану ринку морських контейнерних перевезень та визначенні основних тенденцій його розвитку протягом останніх десятиліть. Сучасний сектор морського транспорту розвивається швидкими темпами, значну частку у ньому займають контейнерні перевезення, які здобули свою популярність у всьому світі. Зокрема, варто виділити їх особливу популярність в країнах Азії, Європи, Північної та Південної Америки. Контейнерні перевезення є однією з найперспективніших галузей у сфері транспорту, адже саме вона допомагає забезпечувати процес якісного та безперебійного товаропостачання на світовому рівні. Саме дослідження таких перевезень є надзвичайно доцільним і важливим для майбутнього розвитку економіки всього світу.
У статті досліджено сучасний стан та основні тенденції розвитку морських контейнерних перевезень на світовому рівні, проведено оцінку основних показників контейнерного ринку в динаміці, а також розглянуто основні фактори впливу, що спричиняють структурні зрушення на досліджуваному ринку. Також на базі проведеного дослідження було сформовано основні тенденції, які склались на ринку контейнерних перевезень, що дозволяє нам краще зрозуміти сутність роботи даного ринку і сформувати перспективні шляхи для його розвитку.
Проведення аналізу за показниками, що комплексно описують ринок контейнерних перевезень, дозволило визначити та описати основні тенденції розвитку контейнерних перевезень протягом останніх десятирічь. Також був доданий авторитетний прогноз на найближчі кілька років розвитку даної галузі, що був побудований на основі останніх даних з урахуванням впливу пандемії 2019-2021 років.
Перспективами подальших досліджень у цьому напрямі є вивчення здатності компаній, що здійснюють контейнерні перевезення, до нарощування обсягів перевезень та до скорочення часу, що витрачається на доставку
Improved Performance for the Electrochemical Sensing of Acyclovir by Using the rGO–TiO2–Au Nanocomposite-Modified Electrode
Authors: Lu Xin-Yang , Li Jing , Kong Fen-Ying , Wei Mei-Jie , Zhang Pei , Li Ying , Fang Hai-Lin , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical sensor for sensitive sensing of acyclovir (ACV) was designed by using the reduced graphene oxide–TiO2–Au nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (rGO–TiO2–Au/GCE). Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm morphology, structure, and composition properties of the rGO–TiO2–Au nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to demonstrate the analytical performance of the rGO–TiO2–Au/GCE for ACV. As a result, rGO–TiO2–Au/GCE exerted the best response for the oxidation of ACV under the pH of 6.0 PB solution, accumulation time of 80 s at open-circuit, and modifier amount of 7 µl. The oxidation peak currents of ACV increased linearly with its concentration in the range of 1–100 µM, and the detection limit was calculated to be 0.3 µM (S/N = 3). The determination of ACV concentrations in tablet samples also demonstrated satisfactory results.
Subgingival Microbiome in Pregnancy and a Potential Relationship to Early Term Birth
Authors: Yang Irene , Claussen Henry , Arthur Robert Adam , Hertzberg Vicki Stover , Geurs Nicolaas , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Dunlop Anne L. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPeriodontal disease in pregnancy is considered a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. Periodontal disease has a microbial etiology, however, the current state of knowledge about the subgingival microbiome in pregnancy is not well understood.ObjectiveTo characterize the structure and diversity of the subgingival microbiome in early and late pregnancy and explore relationships between the subgingival microbiome and preterm birth among pregnant Black women.MethodsThis longitudinal descriptive study used 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the subgingival microbiome of 59 Black women and describe microbial ecology using alpha and beta diversity metrics. We also compared microbiome features across early (8-14 weeks) and late (24-30 weeks) gestation overall and according to gestational age at birth outcomes (spontaneous preterm, spontaneous early term, full term).ResultsIn this sample of Black pregnant women, the top twenty bacterial taxa represented in the subgingival microbiome included a spectrum representative of various stages of biofilm progression leading to periodontal disease, including known periopathogensPorphyromonas gingivalisandTannerella forsythia.Other organisms associated with periodontal disease reflected in the subgingival microbiome included severalPrevotellaspp., andCampylobacterspp. Measures of alpha or beta diversity did not distinguish the subgingival microbiome of women according to early/late gestation or full term/spontaneous preterm birth; however, alpha diversity differences in late pregnancy between women who spontaneously delivered early term and women who delivered full term were identified. Several taxa were also identified as being differentially abundant according to early/late gestation, and full term/spontaneous early term births.ConclusionsAlthough the composition of the subgingival microbiome is shifted toward complexes associated with periodontal disease, the diversity of the microbiome remains stable throughout pregnancy. Several taxa were identified as being associated with spontaneous early term birth. Two, in particular, are promising targets of further investigation. Depletion of the oral commensalLautropia mirabilisin early pregnancy and elevated levels ofPrevotella melaninogenicain late pregnancy were both associated with spontaneous early term birth.
Association Between Admission Pulse Pressure and Long-Term Mortality in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Admitted for Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Zijian , Li Xiaoran , Wang Yichun , Bao Boyi , Ding Xiaosong , Li Hongwei , Li Weiping 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of pulse pressure (PP) at admission on long-term cardiac and all-cause mortality among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study. The patients aged at least 65 years with T2DM and ACS from January 2013 to April 2018 were enrolled and divided into 4 groups according to admission PP: &lt;50 mmHg; 50–59 mmHg; 60–69 mmHg, and ≥70 mmHg. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses and restricted cubic spline were performed to determine the association between PP and outcomes (cardiac and all-cause death).ResultsA total of 2,587 consecutive patients were included in this cohort study. The mean follow-up time was 39.2 months. The incidences of cardiac death and all-cause death were 6.8% (n = 176) and 10.8% (n = 280), respectively. After multivariate adjustment in the whole cohort, cardiac and all-cause mortality were significantly higher in PP &lt;50 mmHg group and PP ≥70 mmHg group, compared with PP 50–59 mmHg group. Further analysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) subgroup confirmed that PP &lt;50 mmHg was associated with cardiac death [hazard ratios (HR) 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–5.76, P = 0.002] and all-cause death (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20–3.58, P = 0.009). Meanwhile, PP ≥70 mmHg was associated with all-cause death (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05–3.00, P = 0.031). However, admission PP did not appear to be a significant independent predictor in unstable angina pectoris (UAP) subgroup. There is a U-shaped correlation between PP and cardiac and all-cause mortality in the whole cohort and UAP subgroup and a J-shaped correlation in the AMI subgroup, both with a nadir at 50–59 mmHg.ConclusionIn elderly patients with T2DM admitted for ACS, admission PP is an independent and strong predictor for long-term cardiac and all-cause mortality, especially in patients with AMI.
Sterile Pyuria in Kawasaki Disease: A Large Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Lin , Shao Shuran , Zhang Nanjun , Wu Mei , Liu Lei , Hua Yimin , Zhou Kaiyu , Yu Li , Wang Hua , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis and is becoming the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease in Children. Sterile pyuria is a known complication of KD. However, its associations with the inflammatory reaction severity, IVIG resistance as well as coronary artery lesions (CALs) in KD remain elusive.AimsWe aimed to analyze the clinical profiles of sterile pyuria in KD, to determine whether sterile pyuria is an indicator of the disease severity in patients with KD, and to assess the associations between sterile pyuria and IVIG resistance as well as CALs.MethodsWe prospectively collected data from 702 patients with KD between January 2015 and June 2020. Profiles of patients with sterile pyuria (group A, n = 63) were compared to those of patients without sterile pyuria (group B, n = 639). The associations between sterile pyuria and IVIG resistance as well as CALs in KD were further determined by univariate and/or multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsSterile pyuria was observed in 9.0% of patients with KD, without predominance in age spectrum and gender. The levels of neutrophil percentages, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, the incidence of initial IVIG resistance, and rate of moderate/giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) were significantly higher in group A than that in group B. Sterile pyuria was identified as an independent risk factor for initial IVIG resistance, yielding high specificity (92.7%) and low sensitivity (18.5%). However, sterile pyuria was not associated with repeated IVIG resistance and persistence of CALs in KD.ConclusionThe incidence of sterile pyuria is relatively low in KD patients. Patients with sterile pyuria in KD exhibited a more severe inflammatory burden and were more likely to develop the initial IVIG resistance and moderate/giant CAAs. The overall prognosis of KD patients with sterile pyuria was satisfactory.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score in Chinese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Lin Maoning , Zhan Jiachen , Luan Yi , Li Duanbin , Shan Yu , Xu Tian , Fu Guosheng , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Min 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAcute exacerbation of chronic heart failure contributes to substantial increases in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The study developed a risk score to evaluate the severity of heart failure which was related to the risk of MACE.MethodsThis single-center retrospective observational study included 5,777 patients with heart failure. A credible random split-sample method was used to divide data into training and validation dataset (split ratio = 0.7:0.3). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression was applied to select predictors and develop the risk score to predict the severity category of heart failure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves were used to assess the model’s discrimination and accuracy.ResultsBody-mass index (BMI), ejection fraction (EF), serum creatinine, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were identified as predictors and assembled into the risk score (P &lt; 0.05), which showed good discrimination with AUC in the training dataset (0.770, 95% CI:0.746–0.794) and validation dataset (0.756, 95% CI:0.717–0.795) and was well calibrated in both datasets (all P &gt; 0.05). As the severity of heart failure worsened according to risk score, the incidence of MACE, length of hospital stay, and treatment cost increased (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionA risk score incorporating BMI, EF, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, CRP, and NLR, was developed and validated. It effectively evaluated individuals’ severity classification of heart failure, closely related to MACE.
Effect of Preablation Glycemic Control on Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Following Valvular Surgery Combined With the Cox-Maze IV Procedure
Authors: Peng Zhan , Zhao Rui , Liu Yuhua , Yang Yunxiao , Yang Xiubin , Hua Kun 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study was performed to assess the effect of preablation glycemic control on atrial fibrillation recurrence rates after heart valve surgery concomitant with Cox-Maze IV ablation.MethodsTwelve-month preablation trends in glycemic control were studied. Recurrence and clinical outcome data were obtained during a mean follow-up period of 36.7 ± 23.3 months postablation.ResultsHigher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the time of ablation was associated with higher postablation recurrence rates. The cumulative atrial fibrillation recurrence-free survival of patients with HbA1c ≥7.5% at the time of operation at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 97.1, 78.3, 54.2, and 36.3%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001), and 100, 84.9, 37.2, and 16.2% for patients who preoperatively had an upward trend in HbA1c, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMaintaining a downward trend in HbA1c during the 12-month period before the operation and an HbA1c value &lt; 7.5% at the time of the operation reduced the recurrence of AF among patients who underwent heart valve surgery concomitant with the Cox-Maze IV procedure.
Estimating the Actual Evapotranspiration of Different Vegetation Types Based on Root Distribution Functions
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Hu Hongchang , Wei Zhongwang , Liu Yaping , Xu Hanlin , Yan Hong , Chen Lajiao , Li Haoqian , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims: Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle and energy cycle. However, even under the same climatic condition, there are spatial differences in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) due to different land use and land cover. To characterize the influence of different vegetation types on ETa in China, this study parameterized the vertical distribution of the root systems of different vegetation types.Methods: A one-dimensional soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) model was constructed, and these root distribution functions were used to improve the root water absorption modulus of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum model. Based on the improved model, the actual evaporation actual transpiration and ETa under different vegetation types were calculated, and the reasons for different ETa of different vegetation types were analyzed.Results: The results show that the root distribution of all vegetation types increases first and then decreases as the depth increases, and almost all the maximum values are in the range of 0–20 cm. The savanna has the shallowest root system, while the barren has the deepest root system. The average ETa calculated in China was about 342.2 mm/y in 2015. The average ETa of the broadleaf evergreen forests is the largest, about 773 mm/y and the barren is the smallest, about 151 mm/y. The average annual precipitation is the most important factor affecting the ETa differences of different vegetation types.Conclusion: The results provide solutions for estimating the ETa of different vegetation types and are significant to water resources management and soil and water conservation.