bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SEQUENCE OF AMAZON PREHISTORY: A METHODOLOGY FOR ETHICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Curtenius Roosevelt Anna 
Published: October 2022

This article is about my research on the prehistory of the mainstream lower Amazon in Brazil and problems in research ethics there. The "New Archaeology", my dissertation in the Orinoco, Venezuela, and my museum job led me rethink the human occupation of the tropical forest. I was influenced by 19th century naturalists' research on Amazon archaeology. They recognized an occupation that began thousands of years ago with hunters who made projectile points and monumental rock art and early fishing villagers with pottery and culminated by the time of the European conquest in populous civilizations with mounds and elaborately decorated pottery vessels and figures. But in the mid-twentieth-century, "scientific" archaeologists decided that the sequence had been short and derivative, impeded by the hot, humid tropical forest. They ignored the early cultures and attributed Amazonian cultures to intrusions from the Andes. When radiometric dating contradicted their chronology, they suppressed the problematic dates and when other North Americans came to do research they tried to prevent their excavation permits and criticized them with false statements about their own teams' results. Thus, they involved Brazilian proteges in unethical practices and prevented their rediscovery of the sequence of the 19th century naturalists.
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and its therapeutic response to treatment: a retrospective audit in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Jack Mooi Zhen , Hui Tan Jia , Ariffin Nurul Alya Binti Che , Mun Ooi Shie , Nagandla Kavitha , Idris Nazimah 
Published: October 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the commonest type of nutritional anemia seen during pregnancy. Despite implementing oral iron prophylaxis in pregnancy, IDA in pregnant women constitute a major health problem. The present study aims to look at the prevalence of IDA in a pregnant population in Seremban, Malaysia and their response to treatment.Methods: This is a retrospective study looking into the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women who delivered between October 2019 to March 2020 in a state hospital in Seremban, Malaysia and their response to treatment. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia, associated demographic and clinical factors and response to iron therapy. Results: About 920 patients’ records were included for analysis. The prevalence of anaemia in this cohort was 42.8% (N=394). The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 31.5% (N=124) among the anemic patients or 13.5% of the studied population. The mean hemoglobin level for this group was 10.0±0.74 g/dl (6.8-10.9 g/dl) and majority had mild anemia (91.9%, N=114). 68.5% IDA patients were successfully treated by 36 weeks pregnancy. Of the remaining 39 patients who were still anemic, 37 (94.9%) had mild anemia with mean hemoglobin level of 10.3g/dl (SD 0.48, range 9.0-10.9 g/dl). Conclusion: Current treatment strategy is inadequate to achieve the set national target. There is a role for an early recourse to parenteral iron therapy to improve treatment outcome.
A rare presentation of Intralaryngeal Schwannoma and the study of 50 cases of intralaryngeal Schwannoma from the literature
Authors: Prasad K. U. Raghavendra , Doreswamy Shreyanka M. , Ramanaik Manohar S. 
Published: October 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Laryngeal schwannoma is a rare, slow-growing, benign neurogenic tumour usually located in the aryepiglottic folds. The aim is to report a rare case of laryngeal schwannoma and to review 50 cases of a similar entity from the literature in terms of age, sex, presenting symptoms, site, size, the nerve of origin, mode of surgery and outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, in a tertiary care centre along with a review of cases from the literature.<strong> </strong>A detailed description of the case of laryngeal schwannoma in a 20-year-old patient, who presented with difficulty in swallowing, dyspnoea and hoarseness in the voice to the department of otorhinolaryngology will be given. Along with the data on a comprehensive literature search on about 50 cases of laryngeal schwannomas. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 50 cases, 54% were females and the majority of the cases were above the age of 55 years. Aryepiglottic folds were the common site of tumours (38%). Other sites where the tumour was found included the false cords, true vocal cords, ventricle, arytenoids, epiglottis, post cricoid region, trachea, and thyroid gland. All cases were treated surgically.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Laryngeal schwannomas are rare, nerve sheath tumours usually located in the supraglottic larynx. The surgical approach depends on the site, size and extent of the tumour. Sparing the parental nerve depends on the size of the tumour and the nerve of origin.</p>
Mean estimated GFR values in children 2-12 years admitted in a tertiary care centre using schwartz formula
Authors: Pillai Preethi Somanathen , James Mary , M Athira 
Published: October 2022

GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) is the amount of blood filtered by the kidney’s glomerulus into the Bowman ’s capsule per unit of time. Schwartz equation is the length based calculation of estimated GFR (e GFR). Pottel’s equation is length independent one. The aim of the study is to find out the mean eGFR values in different age groups using the height dependent Schwartz formula in children 2-12 years. Secondary objective is to find out the relationship between eGFR and birth weight, gestational age, family history of renal disease and past history of urinary tract infection and to compare eGFR calculated by height dependent Schwartz formula and height independent Pottel’s equation700 children in the age group 2 to 12 years were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent from the child’s guardian, pessronal details and serum creatinine values were collected. Height was measured using a stadiometer. Estimated GFR values were calculated using Schwartz formula and results were statistically analysed.Where GFR values by Schwartz formula were compared with inulin based GFR as in referenced study, it was found out that in certain ages there was statistically significant difference. Among the determinants studied, there was a weak positive correlation between gestational age and eGFR. eGFR by Schwartz formula was also compared with eGFR based on height independent Pottel’s equation and was found that there was statistically significant difference between absolute values, but they show a positive correlation1: There was no statistically significant correlation between birth weight, family history of renal disease and past history of urinary tract infection with eGFR; 2: There was a weak positive correlation between gestational age at birth and eGFR; 3: When eGFR by Schwartz formula was compared with eGFR by Pottel’s equation, there was a positive correlation between the two, though the absolute values differed significantly; 4: Normative data of this study can be used for predicting eGFR in children 2-12 years.
Assessment of cheiloscopic pattern in subjects with clinically obvious facial asymmetry
Authors: Verma Sneh Lata , Zaman Noor , Tikku Tripti , Khanna Rohit , Srivastava Kamna , Maurya Rana Pratap 
Published: October 2022

Bilateral facial symmetry is rare, however clinically obvious facial asymmetry is of concern. Facial asymmetry results not only in functional, but also esthetic issues. Asymmetries could have pathological, traumatic, functional or develop­mental causal factors. Lip prints are unique to an individual just like the fingerprints and shows strong hereditary pattern and are useful in forensic science for identification in mass disaster, sex determination and criminal cases etc. Though facial asymmetry is generally evaluated using facial photograph or PA ceph but it was decided to see if there is variation in chieloscopic pattern in subjects with facial asymmetry. Considering this, it was decided to compare cheiloscopic pattern between subjects with clinically obvious facial asymmetry to normal subjects with no clinically obvious facial asymmetry.Cheiloscopic pattern of 30 subjects were equally divided in 2 groups based on clinical examination-GROUP 1(normal with no facial asyemmtry) GROUP II (subjects with obvious facial asymmetry) and their cheiloscopic pattern was recorded using photo paper and lipstick. Groove pattern of lip print was assessed as per Tsuchihashi classification-Type I-Complete vertical grooves, Type I’-partial vertical grooves, Type II-forked grooves, Type III-intersected grooves, Type IV-reticular, Type V-undetermined. The assessment was done in 3 zones each (C-centre, R-right, L-left).Adequate statistical comparison were made.For right zone, Type I’ was most common, both for Group I (40%) and Group II (46.7%). In centre zone, Type I was most common (46.7%) followed by Type II for group I, Type II was most common (40%) followed by Type I(33.3%)for Group II. On left side, Type I and I’ are most common(26%) followed by Type II(20%) for Group I and Type I’ (46.6%) is most common followed by Type I and Type II for Group II. There was no statistical significant difference between the type of lip pattern for two groups in each zone (C,R.L).Within the limitation of the study done on smaller sample size it can be stated that chieloscopic pattern did not show variation with facial asymmetry.
Comparision of predicted and actual treatment outcome based on steiner cephalometric analysis using nemotech software
Authors: Verma Sneh Lata , Lepcha Rigzing , Khanna Rohit , Tikku Tripti , Maurya Rana Pratap , Srivastava Kamna 
Published: October 2022

Social and psychological concerns, improved function, appearance, and self-esteem encourages a patient to pursue Orthodontic treatment, for which extraction may or may not be needed.Conventionally steiner stick analysis or tweed head plate correction is followed to decide extraction during fixed orthodontic treatment for desirable treatment outcome. This study was designed to compare predicted position and angulation of maxillary and mandibular incisor by steiner stick analysis with the actual treatment outcome using memotech software.Sample was taken from our department consisting of pre and post treatment lateral cephalogram of 15 subject with age ranging from 20- 22years. Tracing was done using Nemotech software and values for Steiner’s analysis was obtained, both for, pre and post treatment tracing. Prediction was done by Steiner Stick analysis(SSA) on the pre treatment tracing.The position and angulation of Maxillary and Mandibular incisor was compared between prediction based on SSA and post treatment outcome. The parameters taken were U1-NA Linear and U1-NA angular and L1-NB Linear and L1-NB angular and comparison were made using Paired Student T test.: No significant difference was seen in U1-NA distance in (mm) and angulation(degree) Compared between predicted values(U1-NA- 2.478mm, 20.53 degree) and post treatment outcome (U1-NA-2.80mm, 22.733 degree) , p&#62;0.05. Similarly no significant difference was seen in L1-NB distance (mm) compared between predicted (L1-NB 3.1227mm) and post treatment outcome(3.487 mm), p&#62;0.05. However significant difference was seen for L1-NB angulation between predicted (22.573) and actual post treatment outcome(26.02), p&#60;0.05.: Steiner Stick Analysis overestimated the values for angulation for Mandibular Incisors. This could be attributed to variability in mechanics or small size sample. Further studies should aim at comparisons done in larger sample size.
Assessment and comparison of palatal rugae pattern in clinically obvious ND non obvious asymmetrical patients
Authors: Maurya Rana Pratap , Chauhan Akansha , Khanna Rohit , Tikku Tripti , Verma Sneh Lata , Srivastava Kamna 
Published: October 2022

Various types of appliances have been tried by the Orthodontists for the fixed orthodontic treatment. Irrespective of the appliance used the main goal of retraction of anterior teeth in extraction cases is to keep the vertical dimension stable so as not to allow downward and backward rotation of mandible. The aim of this study was to compare changes in mandibular rotation following fixed orthodontic treatment on subjects who have undergone extraction of all first premolars.Pre and post treatment lateral Cephalogram of 25 subjects were taken (13 females and 12males), aged 18-25 years and the tracings were done using Nemoceph software. Parameters assessed were facial height (anterior and posterior), mandibular plane angle (FMA & SN-GoGn), and Jarabak ratio. Student t-test was used to make statistical comparison.Mean difference of SN-GoGn (0.15 ±0.07), FMA (0.23 ±0.52), Anterior facial height (0.18±0.01) and posterior height (0.45±0.01) and Jarabak ratio (0.47±0.32) did not show statistically significant difference between pre and post treat ment.Mandibular plane did not alter during treatment. When adequate mechanics is followed during treatment desirable treatment outcome with insignificant alteration of mandibular plane can be achieved.
The effects of erupting mandibular 3 molar on the dental arch: A FEM study
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Bhandhari Meghna , Baba Fareeduddin MD 
Published: October 2022

Role ofErupting Mandibular 3 molars as a cause of incisor crowding in the lower arch continues to be controversial. The relation between 3 molar and dental crowding has not been established. To determine the area of stress distribution and tooth displacement during eruption of mandibular 3 molar in mesioangular and horizontal impaction. Three dimensional finite element models were generated based on computed tomography scan data. From computed tomographic scans of a human mandible two additional finite element models were generated: a mandibular model with mesioangular impaction and second model with horizontal impaction. To investigate the stress distribution to the mandible, and tooth displacement eruptive force of 10 grams was applied.High concentration of stresses was seen at the inferior border of the mandible and lowest concentration of stress was present at symphysis for both the models. The tooth displacement for both mesio-angular and horizontal impaction caused mesial tilting of all the teeth i.e. from 2 molar to central incisor; with greatest tilting of 2 molar. Along the vertical plane, there was extrusion seen with 2 molar with mesio-angular impaction and extrusion in 2 molar and 1 molar with horizontal impaction And all the teeth exhibited buccal flaring in case of both impaction. There is significant level of tooth displacement from 2 molar towards the incisors. These changes occurring along the dental arch must be taken into consideration while planning for prophylactic extraction of third molars.
Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst 12-15 years old school-going children using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore
Authors: Mishra Kratika , Rana Poonam Tomar , Rana Kuldeep Singh 
Published: October 2022

: Epidemiology of malocclusion and assessment of orthodontic treatment needs are of great importance in many countries and are included in numerous national-level surveys. The aim of orthodontic treatment is to achieve the best possible occlusion within the framework of function, stability, and esthetics. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and Orthodontic treatment needs of 12–15-year-old school-going childrenusing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore. 300 school children (180 girls and 120 boys) of government schools of age group 12-15-year-old were examined. Type 3 examination method was used to record the orthodontic treatment need was using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Result showed that only 38.6% had no need of treatment, (23.3%) were assigned grade 2 of IOTN Dental Health Component (DHC) score, (14.3%) required borderline treatment, (12.3%) of the total population required severe orthodontic treatment that is score 4. Extreme treatment is required by (11.3%) of the study population. : There seems to be an inconsistency in the proportion of children needing orthodontic treatment on esthetic and dental health basis. It indicates a general lack of awareness among the school children about the severity of their existing malocclusion. More awareness programs and camps need to be conducted regarding spread of awareness of orthodontic treatment needs.
Evaluation of the efficacy of Three-dimensional mini plates versus conventional mini plates used in the management of anterior mandibular fractures
Authors: Bhatt Vaibhav , Motiwale Tejas , Mitra Geeti V. 
Published: October 2022

The management of mandibular fractures has evolved from closed reduction to open reduction. Champy’s miniplates have become highly popular and is a time-tested method of treatment of mandibular fractures. However, advances like 3D miniplate with claimed advantages like requires less armamentarium, providing better occlusal stabilityEvaluative study conducted in 24 patients & randomly divided in 2 groups, use of 3D miniplate vs conventional miniplates in anterior mandibular fractures, age group 15-90, post-operative evaluation at day 1, 7 & 3 month, fracture stability, mobility of fracture fragment, complications & bite force. The level of significance was fixed at 5% and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 3D mini plating system (p value:- .001)have lesser operating time when compared to 2D conventional miniplating system, also 3D miniplate system have better intraoperative and lesser complications, significantly better bite force results (p value .002*(s)) with 3D miniplate compared to 2D conventional miniplating system.3D miniplate a novel form of plating system with better intraoperative and post operative results, better stability compared to conventional miniplating system.
The Place and Role of Sino-Confucian Culture and Confucianism in World History according to Liang Shuming’s Thought on Life and Culture
Authors: Wesołowski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2022

Liang Shuming’s understanding of Chinese culture, which he conceived of as Sino-Confucian culture, and his understanding of Confucianism differ from the common and familiar understandings in the sinological academic world. It seems that the best way to understand Liang Shuming and his thoughts is in terms of his search for an authentic existence. In his scheme of three modes of world cultures (Western-pragmatic culture, Sino-(Taizhou 泰州-)Confucian culture, and Indo-(weishi-)Buddhist culture) and their historical succession (as given above), the conviction of Liang Shuming was that the imminent future mode of world culture would be that of the Sino-Confucian cultural attitude. He even prophesied that in the nearest future the emotion of love in its particular form as love between a man and a woman would be the greatest and the most formidable problem of this period, i.e. the period of the second domain of a conditional availability or non-availability of the object of desire, that is, of another mind or the will of another person. This domain is called by Liang Shuming the realm of human relationships, or a social problem for the solution of which Sino-(Taizhou-)Confucian culture is responsible. The author concentrates on the place and role of Liang Shuming’s understanding of Confucianism in his scheme of world history.
Antioxidant activity of <i>Vaccinium axillare</i> Nakai fruits during oxidative stress <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Mechikova G. Ya. , Fleishman M. Yu. , Lebed’ko O. A. 
Published: October 2022

Intensity of free radical oxidation processes in vivo (model of induced oxidative stress) was studied after the probe introduction of Vaccinium axillare Nakai fruit extract. Material and methods. Four groups (n = 40) of white male CBA mice weighing 20–25 g were included in the experiment: 1 – intact control; 2–0.9 % sodium chloride solution was administered per os for 10 days in a dose of 10 ml/kg/day; 3 – group “cisplatin” (animals received 0.9 % sodium chloride solution similarly to group 2, on the fifth day of the experiment cisplatin was administered once by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg); 4 – group “cisplatin + blueberries” (mice received per os extract of Blueberry axillary fruits at a dose of 10 ml/kg/day for 10 days, on the fifth day of the experiment cisplatin was administered once by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg). Antioxidant activity of Blueberry axillary was studied by chemiluminescence. Results and discussion. Analysis of kinetic parameters of mouse kidney homogenate chemiluminescence showed that oxidative stress develops in animals after a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin, the extract of Blueberry axillary fruit decreases its severity. Conclusions. Bilberry fruit extract (Vaccinium axillare Nakai) has pronounced antioxidant properties and may be important in the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Influence of physical loading on behavioral reactions of rats in cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Сhrishtop V. V. , Rumyantseva T. A. , Nikonorova V. G. , Fateev I. V. 
Published: October 2022

A number of clinical studies demonstrate that individual characteristics such as stress tolerance and cognitive ability can be considered not only as diagnostic variables but also as risk factors for severe cerebral hypoperfusion. The aim of the study was to identify the typological features of the effect of physical activity on the behavioral reactions of rats during cerebral hypoperfusion. Material and methods. Cerebral hypoperfusion was modeled by bilateral carotid artery ligation. The study involved 280 rats, divided into equal subgroups, according to sex, stress tolerance and learning capacity. Of these, 112 animals were subjected to daily short-term swimming as a rehabilitation model. Before the simulation, and at 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 35, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, the animals were tested using a Morris water maze and an “open field” test. Results and discussion. The dynamics of stress resistance and learning ability are related to the periodicity of inflammatory, necrotic, circulatory and reparative remodeling in the model used. After 2-3 months of study, cerebral hypoperfusion causes stabilization of indices characterizing stress resistance and cognitive functions below control values. A decrease in stress resistance begins earlier from day 6 of the study, while the index characterizing cognitive functions first decreases significantly after 3 weeks of study. Factors reducing the damaging effects of cerebral hypoperfusion were female gender, high baseline stress tolerance and learning ability. When assessing learning ability under physical load, animals with high baseline cognitive development showed earlier recovery dynamics during urgent adaptation and a significant increase during long-term adaptation.