bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of bone density patterns of the subaxial spine between chimpanzees and gorillas – A case study
Authors: Korpinen Niina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAbstractCase study on the bone density pattern of subaxial vertebral column in African apes.IntroductionAfrican apes have been noted to experience fewer back ailments than humans and to have higher vertebral bone density. Yet, research on the subject is quite limited and has usually included only one or few vertebrae. However, to understand vertebral column as whole and how posture and locomotion might have affected it, we need to know how bone density varies between adjacent vertebrae.Materials and MethodsBone density in the vertebral body was measured for all subaxial vertebrae of five specimens including two Pan troglodytes (1 male and 1 female) and three Gorilla gorilla (2 males and 1 female) using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT).ResultsThe results tentatively indicated differences between species, especially in the trabecular density of the cervical segment and support the need for further studies on this subject.
Oxytocin receptors mediate oxytocin potentiation of methylphenidate‐induced stimulation of accumbens dopamine in rats
Authors: Hersey Melinda , Bacon Amanda K. , Bailey Lydia G. , Lee Mary R. , Chen Andy Y. , Leggio Lorenzo , Tanda Gianluigi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the illicit use and misuse of stimulants like cocaine and methylphenidate (MP) has increased, there remains no FDA‐approved treatments for psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). Oxytocin (OT) has shown promise as a potential pharmacotherapy for PSUD. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission plays a significant role in PSUD. We have recently shown that OT blunts the reinforcing effects of MP but, surprisingly, enhanced MP‐induced stimulation of DA levels. Such effects have been suggested as a result of activation of OT receptors or, alternatively, could be mediated by direct actions of OT on MP blockade of the DA transporter. Here, we employed fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to investigate the effects of systemic OT on MP‐induced changes in the dynamics of DA, phasic release and uptake, in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) of Sprague–Dawley rats. We also tested the systemic effects of an antagonist of OT receptors, atosiban, to counteract the OT enhancement of dopaminergic effects of MP under microdialysis procedures in the NAS in rats. Administration of OT alone (2 mg/kg; i.p.) did not significantly modify evoked NAS DA dynamics measured by FSCV, and when administered 10 min before MP (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.), OT did not potentiate MP‐induced increases in phasic DA release and did not alter DA clearance rate, suggesting no direct interactions of OT with the MP‐induced blockade of DA uptake. Also, OT alone did not elicit significant changes in tonic, extracellular NAS DA levels measured by microdialysis. However, consistent with previous studies, we observed that OT pretreatments (2 mg/kg; i.p.) potentiated MP‐induced (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.) efflux of extracellular NAS DA levels. This effect was abolished when rats were pretreated with atosiban (2 mg/kg; i.p.), suggesting that OT receptors mediate this OT action. Overall, our results suggest that OT receptors mediated OT potentiation of MP‐induced stimulation of extracellular NAS DA levels, likely driven by modulation of DA receptor signaling pathways, without affecting MP blockade of DAT.image
Comparing the Efficacy of Anatomical Locked Plate Fixation with Coracoclavicular Ligament Augmentation to Hook Plate Fixation in Treating Distal Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Wang Xin , Fang Xue , Qi Baiwen , Xiao Weidong , Pan Zhenyu , Xie Zhe 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveHook plate fixation is the traditional method for treating distal clavicle fractures. However, in recent years, locked plate applications have emerged as a promising treatment method. This study aimed to compare the short‐ and mid‐term clinical efficacy of anatomical locked plate fixation with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation using anchor nails to that of hook plate fixation in treating distal clavicle fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center cohort study investigating patients with distal clavicle fractures treated between January 2016 and February 2019 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Fifty‐nine eligible patients who underwent either anatomical locked plate fixation with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation using anchor nails (LPF&CLA group; 20 patients) or clavicle hook plate fixation (CHPF group; 39 patients) were included. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Constant–Murley shoulder scores were used to assess shoulder function. In addition, the coracoclavicular distance between the affected and unaffected shoulders (ΔCC distance) was measured to assess the reduction. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The comparisons between the two groups were made using Student's t‐test, chi‐square test, or Fisher's exact test, if appropriate.ResultsPreoperative VAS scores were similar in both groups. At 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up, the VAS score was significantly higher in the CHPF group than in the LPF&CLA group. In contrast, the Constant–Murley shoulder score was significantly lower in the CHPF group than in the LPF&CLA group. When the hook plates were removed, there was no statistical difference in both VAS (0.2 ± 0.4 in LPF&CLA group vs. 0.5 ± 0.5 in CHPF group, p = 0.05) and Constant–Murley shoulder (96.1 ± 3.1 in LPF&CLA group vs. 93.8 ± 5.2 in CHPF group, p = 0.08) scores at the last follow‐up. Postoperatively, the ΔCC distance was 2.37 ± 1.93 mm in the LPF&CLA group and −1.56 ± 1.34 mm in the CHPF group. One year after surgery, ΔCC distance increased to 3.96 ± 1.17 mm in the LPF&CLA group and to −0.89 ± 1.39 mm in the CHPF group.ConclusionFor distal clavicle fractures in which the coracoclavicular ligament is disrupted, anatomical locked plate fixation with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation achieved better functional recovery and less pain than hook plate fixation at the 6‐month follow‐up. However, the hook plate provided better reduction throughout the follow‐up period and shoulder pain could be relieved using removal surgery. Therefore, locked plates with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation favors post‐surgery pain relief while harvesting similar functional outcomes to hook plate fixation
Remapping racial and ethnic inequities in severe maternal morbidity: The legacy of redlining in California
Authors: Gao Xing , Snowden Jonathan M. , Tucker Curisa M. , Allen Amani , Morello‐Frosch Rachel , Abrams Barbara , Carmichael Suzan L. , Mujahid Mahasin S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHistorical mortgage redlining, a racially discriminatory policy designed to uphold structural racism, may have played a role in producing the persistently elevated rate of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) among racialised birthing people.ObjectiveThis study examined associations between Home‐Owner Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining grades and SMM in a racially and ethnically diverse birth cohort in California.MethodsWe leveraged a population‐based cohort of all live hospital births at ≥20 weeks of gestation between 1997 and 2017 in California. SMM was defined as having one of 21 procedures and diagnoses, per an index developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We characterised census tract‐level redlining using HOLC's security maps for eight California cities. We assessed bivariate associations between HOLC grades and participant characteristics. Race and ethnicity‐stratified mixed effects logistic regression models assessed the risk of SMM associated with HOLC grades within non‐Hispanic Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Hispanic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic information, pregnancy‐related factors, co‐morbidities and neighbourhood deprivation index.ResultsThe study sample included 2,020,194 births, with 24,579 cases of SMM (1.2%). Living in a census tract that was graded as “Hazardous,” compared to census tracts graded “Best” and “Still Desirable,” was associated with 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.29) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.09, 1.25) times the risk of SMM among Black and Hispanic birthing people, respectively, independent of sociodemographic factors. These associations persisted after adjusting for pregnancy‐related factors and neighbourhood deprivation index.ConclusionsHistorical redlining, a tool of structural racism that influenced the trajectory of neighbourhood social and material conditions, is associated with increased risk of experiencing SMM among Black and Hispanic birthing people in California. These findings demonstrate that addressing the enduring impact of macro‐level and systemic mechanisms that uphold structural racism is a vital step in achieving racial and ethnic equity in birthing people's health.
A school‐based physical activity intervention on psychosocial health outcomes among 11‐ and 12‐year‐olds – HOPP‐project
Authors: Tennfjord Merete Kolberg , Strand Martin Frank , Østby Nora , Harbø Kristin Margrethe Tange , Fredriksen Per Morten 
Published: November 2022

The purpose was to investigate the effect of a school‐based physical activity (PA)‐intervention among 11‐ and 12‐year‐olds (6th‐ and 7th graders) across 4 years. Seven primary schools in Horten municipality in Norway received 45 min daily extra PA as part of the curriculum. The intervention started in 2015 with follow‐up in 2016–2019. The effect was measured after 1–4 years of participation, among the same children (6th to 7th grade) and among new children starting in 6th grade. Two control schools received no additional PA beyond the regular PA at school. The Self‐reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ‐S) focusing on internalizing and externalizing difficulties were administrated. A statistical model for repeated measurements was used and adjusted for parents' educational level, sex, age, and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). The significance level was p ≤ 0.01. In total, 1221 children completed the SDQ‐S. SDQ‐S scores were stable, and difficulties were relatively low. The control group had significantly lower SDQ‐S scores than the intervention group at start, indicating fewer difficulties. The adjusted effect within the intervention schools showed a borderline significant increase in total difficulty scores between 2018 and 2019 (mean difference: 1.02, 95% CI: −1.82, −0.23, p ≤ 0.01). Educational level showed a weak negative correlation with total difficulty score (r = −0.1). No significant change was reported within the control schools. Few psychosocial health problems among 11‐ and 12‐year‐olds were detected. The borderline increase in total difficulty score that was seen for the intervention schools, is believed to be of limited clinical relevance.
RAV1 mediates cytokinin signaling for regulating primary root growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mandal Drishti , Datta Saptarshi , Raveendar Giridhar , Mondal Pranab Kumar , Nag Chaudhuri Ronita 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYRoot growth dynamics is an outcome of complex hormonal crosstalk. The primary root meristem size, for example, is determined by antagonizing actions of cytokinin and auxin. Here we show that RAV1, a member of the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors, mediates cytokinin signaling in roots to regulate meristem size. The rav1 mutants have prominently longer primary roots, with a meristem that is significantly enlarged and contains higher cell numbers, compared with wild‐type. The mutant phenotype could be restored on exogenous cytokinin application or by inhibiting auxin transport. At the transcript level, primary cytokinin‐responsive genes like ARR1, ARR12 were significantly downregulated in the mutant root, indicating impaired cytokinin signaling. In concurrence, cytokinin induced regulation of SHY2, an Aux/IAA gene, and auxin efflux carrier PIN1 was hindered in rav1, leading to altered auxin transport and distribution. This effectively altered root meristem size in the mutant. Notably, CRF1, another member of the AP2/ERF family implicated in cytokinin signaling, is transcriptionally repressed by RAV1 to promote cytokinin response in roots. Further associating RAV1 with cytokinin signaling, our results demonstrate that cytokinin upregulates RAV1 expression through ARR1, during post‐embryonic root development. Regulation of RAV1 expression is a part of secondary cytokinin response that eventually represses CRF1 to augment cytokinin signaling. To conclude, RAV1 functions in a branch pathway downstream to ARR1 that regulates CRF1 expression to enhance cytokinin action during primary root development in Arabidopsis.
Metabolic and microvascular function assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy with vascular occlusion in women: age differences and reliability
Authors: Rogers Emily M. , Banks Nile F. , Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated the test–retest reliability of, and age‐related differences in, markers of skeletal muscle metabolism and microvascular function derived from the near‐infrared spectroscopy with vascular occlusion test (NIRS‐VOT) in younger women (YW) and middle‐aged and older women (MAOW). Seventeen YW (age 23 ± 4 years) and 17 MAOW (age 59 ± 8 years) completed this study. Participants completed identical experimental visits separated by ∼4 weeks during which the NIRS‐VOT was used to quantify the occlusion slope, minimum and maximum tissue saturation, ischaemic index, reperfusion magnitude, the reperfusion and 10‐s reperfusion slopes (slope 2 and slope 210‐s), time to max tissue saturation, and area under the reperfusion curve using the local tissue oxygen saturation signal. Except for slope 210‐s (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.37; coefficient of variation (CV) = 31%), time to max tissue saturation (ICC = 0.21), and ischaemic index (ICC = 0.37) for MAOW, all of the NIRS variables demonstrated good to excellent relative reliability for the YW (ICCs = 0.74–0.86) and the MAOW (ICCs = 0.51–0.87), with CVs of 2–21% and 2–22%, respectively. The occlusion slope was significantly lower, indicating accelerated deoxygenation, while maximum tissue saturation, reperfusion magnitude, and ischaemic index were significantly higher in YW versus MAOW. No other group differences were found. In conclusion, our data support the use of the NIRS‐VOT as a simple, reliable, non‐invasive technique for the assessment of peripheral skeletal muscle metabolism and microvascular function in women, with the reliability being generally greater in YW versus MAOW. Further, our data suggest that ageing is associated with lower skeletal muscle metabolism and microvascular hyperaemic responsiveness in women.
The Meritocracy Trap and Kinesiology
Authors: Twietmeyer Gregg , Johnson Tyler G. 
Published: November 2022

Meritocracy continues to dominate conventional thinking in the postmodern West. Yet, recently, an increasing number of critics have highlighted how meritocracy has gone wrong. One such critic is Daniel Markovits, author of The Meritocracy Trap. In this article, we highlight the major themes of Markovits’s book, identify how the ideology of meritocracy has infiltrated kinesiology and sport, and then propose how to reconceptualize and redirect kinesiology toward a more humane and morally sound discipline, which can avoid the pitfalls of the meritocracy trap. Most notably, we propose that kinesiology should (a) recognize the frailty and temporality of humans, (b) embrace the wide middle of human skill performance capabilities, (c) value mid-level jobs and occupations such as physical education teaching and YMCA and/or city recreation department positions, and (d) redefine what counts as success.
La lengua gallega en el sistema educativo: impacto en las competencias, prácticas y actitudes del estudiantado
Authors: Loredo Xaquín , Vázquez-Grandío Gabino 
Published: November 2022

En la presente aportación se presentan los principales resultados y conclusiones del Mapa sociolingüístico escolar de Ames, elaborado por el Seminario de Sociolingüística de la Real Academia Galega. Los primeros se enmarcan en la situación sociolingüística general de Galicia, y las segundas en la evolución de la política lingüística de los gobiernos autónomos gallegos y, más en concreto, en lo relativo a la presencia del gallego en la educación. En el Mapa se estudió la realidad sociolingüística de los estudiantes del municipio de Ames desde las escuelas infantiles hasta el final de la enseñanza obligatoria, atendiendo a sus prácticas lingüísticas tanto en las aulas como fuera de estas. También se recogió información de las familias y el personal docente y además se estudiaron las competencias, opiniones, preferencias y actitudes lingüísticas. Finalmente, se ofrecen elementos de evaluación de los resultados de la política lingüística aplicada en el sistema educativo gallego.
Association between hypomagnesemia and coagulopathy in sepsis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tonai Ken , Katayama Shinshu , Koyama Kansuke , Sata Naho , Tomioka Yoshihiro , Imahase Hisashi , Nunomiya Shin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypomagnesemia reportedly has significant associations with poor clinical outcomes such as increased mortality and septic shock in patients with sepsis. Although the mechanism underlying these outcomes mostly remains unclear, some experimental data suggest that magnesium deficiency could potentiate coagulation activation in sepsis. However, in sepsis, the association between serum magnesium levels and coagulopathy, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and coagulation status and the association between hypomagnesemia and DIC in patients with sepsis.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital from June 2011 to December 2017. Patients older than 19 years who met the Sepsis-3 definition were included. We categorized patients into three groups according to their serum magnesium levels: hypomagnesemia (< 1.6 mg/dL), normal serum magnesium level (1.6–2.4 mg/dL), and hypermagnesemia (> 2.4 mg/dL). We investigated the association between serum magnesium levels and overt DIC at the time of ICU admission according to the criteria of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Results
Among 753 patients included in this study, 181 had DIC, 105 had hypomagnesemia, 552 had normal serum magnesium levels, and 96 had hypermagnesemia. Patients with hypomagnesemia had a more activated coagulation status indicated by lower platelet counts, lower fibrinogen levels, higher prothrombin time-international normalized ratios, higher thrombin-antithrombin complex, and more frequent DIC than those with normal serum magnesium levels and hypermagnesemia (DIC: 41.9% vs. 20.6% vs. 24.0%, P < 0.001). The coagulation status in patients with hypomagnesemia was more augmented toward suppressed fibrinolysis than that in patients with normal serum magnesium levels and hypermagnesemia. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hypomagnesemia was independently associated with DIC (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.84; P = 0.048) after adjusting for several confounding variables.

Conclusions
Patients with hypomagnesemia had a significantly activated coagulation status and suppressed fibrinolysis. Hypomagnesemia was independently associated with DIC in patients with sepsis. Therefore, the treatment of hypomagnesemia may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of coagulopathy in sepsis.
Validation of the translated version of the EVAN-G scale in a Chinese-speaking population
Authors: Wang Xinting , Lin Wenjun , Liu Linwei , Wu Zhenyuan , Wu Yushan , Yao Yusheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to translate the French version of a perioperative satisfaction questionnaire (EVAN-G) scale, a validated questionnaire for assessing perioperative patient satisfaction, into a Chinese version and validate it in Chinese-speaking patients.

Methods
We developed the Chinese version of the EVAN-G (EVAN-GC) scale based on the original French version of the EVAN-G. The EVAN-GC scale, the Short version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-STAI), and the McGill pain questionnaire (MGPQ) were administered on the WeChat mini program. We invited patients to complete these questionnaires within 4 to 24 h after surgery. The psychometric validation of the EVAN-GC scale included validity, reliability, and acceptability.

Results
Among 220 patients, 217 (98.6%) completed the EVAN-GC scale after surgery. The item-internal consistency revealed good construct validity. Compared with the total scores of the S-STAI and MGPQ, the EVAN-GC scale showed excellent convergent validity (ρ = − 0.32, P < 0.001; ρ = − 0.29, P < 0.001). The EVAN-GC scale could differentiate between groups, which showed good discriminate validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.85) of the translated scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability, and a 36-patient subsample retest evidenced good test-retest reliability (ρ = 0.82, P < 0.001). In addition, the median [interquartile range] time of completing the EVAN-GC scale was 3.7 [2.9–4.9] min.

Conclusions
The EVAN-GC scale has good psychometric properties similar to those of the original French version. The EVAN-GC scale is a valid and reliable measurement to assess patient satisfaction in Chinese-speaking patients.

Trial registration
The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100049555.
Improvement of postoperative quality of life in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: does tea consumption have a role?
Authors: Zhang Juwei , Liu Shuang , Song Jianyu , Zhou Jinsong , Zeng Qiaoyan , Lin Zheng , Yu Kaili , Zhang Suhong , Qiu Minglian , Chen Yuanmei , Hu Zhijian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of tea consumption on the improvement of postoperative quality of life in male patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
The quality of life information of 290 male patients with ESCC was collected. The time to deterioration and the number of events in each area of quality of life was calculated by time-to-deterioration (TTD) model. The association between postoperative tea drinking and postoperative quality of life in male ESCC patients was investigated using the Cox proportional risk model.

Results
Postoperative tea-drinking patients experienced delayed TTD in multiple domains, including general health, physical, role, emotional, and cognitive function, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea, eating problems, difficulty swallowing, choking while swallowing saliva, dry mouth, taste difficulties, coughing, and speech problems. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that drinking tea after surgery improved quality of life, including physical function (HR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.559-0.933), role function (HR = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.557-0.983), eating problems (HR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.537-0.960), odynophagia (HR = 0.682, 95% CI: 0.492-0.945), trouble swallowing saliva (HR = 0.624, 95% CI: 0.444-0.877), coughing (HR = 0.627, 95% CI: 0.442-0.889) and speech problems (HR = 0.631, 95% CI: 0.441-0.903). Furthermore, the improvement was more significant in patients who drank tea before surgery and continued to drink tea after surgery.

Conclusions
Postoperative tea drinking had a positive effect on delay in clinical deterioration and improvements in multiple functions and symptoms associated with ESCC in men.