bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Velocity and Concentration Measurements of Contaminant Release in a Scaled Urban Array
Authors: Doshi Parth , Fuhrman Gabriel , Moser Dylan , Benson Michael , Van Poppel Bret , Elkins Christopher , Banko Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Turbulent atmospheric flows present many challenges to modeling the spread of pollution from manufacturing, accidental exhaust contaminants, and airborne chemical or biological attacks. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and reduced order atmospheric dispersion models are used to predict transport and concentration of atmospheric contaminants, but these techniques require validation against experimental data sets. The present work applies magnetic resonance (MR) techniques to measure contaminant flows in an urban array to generate robust data sets for model validation. Magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) and concentration (MRC) methods were employed to generate time-averaged, three-dimensional, three-component velocity field and concentration data sets at sub-millimeter resolution — a volume of data far greater than can be measured in large-scale field tests. A scaled urban array comprising 13 buildings at an angle of 26.2° relative to the incoming flow was placed in a water channel test section within an MRI system. A dilute aqueous solution of copper sulfate (CuSO4) was used as the working fluid to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 based on the test section’s hydraulic diameter. The test section design included a roughness section to ensure turbulent flow within the scan volume; two vertical injectors created plume-plume and plume-building interactions at a blowing ratio of 0.6. This work is the first of its kind to employ dual injection and buildings oriented at angles other than 90° or 45° to the main flow. Contaminant concentrations of 0.0125M, 0.0625M, and 0.3M were used and the data combined to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in regions of low concentration. Results illustrate flow and concentration details near building wake regions, injector plume mixing, the influence of building blockage on velocity gradients and concentration penetration, and contaminant flux throughout the flow region. Measurement uncertainty was estimated to be approximately ±5% for velocity and ±5% for concentration.
Advanced Melt Rheology Control: A Filling Defects Investigation for Hot Runner Based Injection Molding
Authors: Alqosaibi Khalid , Noor Hussam , Gao Peng , Duhduh Alaauldeen , Coulter John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel invention called Rheodrop technology is introduced for hot runner based injection molding. The technology allows control over melt rheology by applying desired shear rate values to the polymer melt during and/or in between injection molding cycles. The shear rate is applied by rotating the valve pin inside the hot drops and it is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed. The main goals are to optimize the process and to enhance the properties of molded parts. The focus on this study was incomplete filling defects which can be eliminated by the introduced technology. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis were performed to investigate the incomplete filling issue for hot runner systems. A four cavity hot runner mold was utilized in this research study and the processed material was Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Moldflow simulations was presented at three different temperature levels. The cavities were perfectly filled at the highest melt temperature level with incomplete filling resulting at the lower levels of melt temperature. Experimental results showed that implementing Rheodrop technology produces consistent ideal filling throughout the selected range of melt temperatures.
The Effects of a Self-Myofascial Release Program on Isokinetic Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Strength Ratio and Range of Motion of the Knee Joint Among Athletes With Hamstring Shortness
Authors: Hamzeh Shalamzari Mohammad , Minoonejad Hooman , Seidi Foad 
Published: January 2022

Context: Range of motion (ROM) and muscular strength are the main factors that affect athletic performance. Self-myofascial release is a flexibility technique, which is used to inhibit overactive muscle fibers. Objective: To investigate the effects of the 8-week self-myofascial release on the isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength ratio (H/QRatio) and the ROM of the knee joint among male athletes with the hamstring shortness. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-four college-aged male athletes with hamstring shortness were selected for this study and were randomly assigned to a foam rolling group (FOAM, n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). Interventions: Participants in the FOAM group performed supervised self-myofascial release program 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The control group received no intervention. Methods: Data were analyzed via 2-way repeated-measure analysis of variance at the significance level of .05. Main Outcome Measures: ROM and the H/QRatio at the velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s were measured by an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: The results of 2-way repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated that hamstring ROM increased in FOAM group (P = .001). No significant changes were found in H/QRatio after self-myofascial release for FOAM group (P ≥ .05). Conclusions: When compared with other methods of stretching, self-myofascial release with foam rolling may be beneficial in increasing ROM without decreasing H/QRatio in people with the hamstring shortness.
Plate convergence, consumption, collision, coupling, capture, and formation of mantle waves—Linkages to global orogenesis and epeirogeny
Authors: Anderson Thomas H. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Widespread episodes of major contractional orogenesis correlate commonly with ages of high-pressure eclogitic rocks formed during bottom-driven, induced subduction of crustal terranes. Rapid exhumation of the deeply emplaced crust has led to the development of the concept of a “tectonic dunk.” The dunk process is a hallmark component of a suite of linked tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentologic processes that systematically follow plate interactions, including collision, coupling, and capture resulting in plate reconfiguration and changes of movement. Plate capture, which takes place during mechanical connection of plates within a “clutch” zone, is followed generally by an abrupt transition to plate stretching in response to drag or plate spin. Plate stretch, which is accommodated during drag by a network of complementary strike-slip and normal faults or during spin by regional domains of transtension, is recorded by “postorogenic,” back-arc extension, basin formation, and magmatism, extensive domains of which comprise large igneous provinces. As a captured continental plate is dragged or rotates, ductile mantle is disrupted and displaced by protuberances, such as a slab coupled against the base of an overriding plate and/or orogenic roots extending down from a cratonic core. The mantle turbulence resembles a wave-like ship’s wake with tsunami-like movement, albeit below crust. The arrival of a moving mantle bulge or wave is inferred to be focused along continental plate margins where subduction is induced, as recorded by magmatism and eclogitic rocks that form during deep emplacement of crustal terranes. Concurrent shortening of crust in the vicinity of the plate margin is inferred from inversion and uplift of marginal rift basins, obduction, and development of fold-and-thrust belts. As the mantle wave passes beneath plate interiors, tens to hundreds of meters of uplift, recorded by oceanic atolls, continental stream incision, regional unconformities, and local transitions to evaporite within shelf settings, record epeirogeny. After passage of the wave, common development of sheet-like bodies of quartzose sandstone, especially during the early Paleozoic, suggest postwave, regional subsidence. Resumption and re-invigoration of extension are recorded by eduction of dunked crust and conspicuous, widespread, volcanic eruptions recorded by tuffaceous layers intercalated with carbonaceous black shale within broad basins developed above thickened crust.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Murataite Ceramics Containing Lanthanides
Authors: Maslakov K. I. , Teterin Yu. A. , Stefanovskaya O. I. , Kalmykov S. N. , Teterin A. Yu. , Ivanov K. E. , Danilov S. S. , Yudintsev S. V. , Myasoedov B. F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ceramic samples with the following composition (wt %): 50 TiO2, 10 CaO, 10 MnO2, 5 Al2O3, 5 Fe2O3, 10 ZrO2, 10 Ln2O3 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Ho) or 10 СеО2, were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. According to the data of X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy, they consist of murataite, zirconolite, and perovskite. In smaller quantities there are crichtonite, pyrophanite-ilmenite, and rutile. Ce3+ dominates in cerium samples: the Ce3+ : Ce4+ ratio is 3 : 1 and does not depend on the method of adding the element to the charge—in the form of СeО2 or Се2О3. All ceramics are dominated by Fe3+, its fraction is 92–94 rel %, while manganese is represented only by Mn3+ cations.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Asia: a systematic review and analysis
Authors: Liyanage Thaminda , Toyama Tadashi , Hockham Carinna , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Perkovic Vlado , Woodward Mark , Fukagawa Masafumi , Matsushita Kunihiro , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Hooi Lai Seong , Iseki Kunitoshi , Lin Ming-Yen , Stirnadel-Farrant Heide A. , Jha Vivekanand , Jun Min 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing rapidly around the world. However, there is limited information on the overall regional prevalence of CKD, as well as the variations in national prevalence within Asia. We aimed to consolidate available data and quantify estimates of the CKD burden in this region.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar for observational studies and contacted national experts to estimate CKD prevalence in countries of Asia (Eastern, Southern and South Eastern Asia). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of proteinuria. For countries without reported data, we estimated CKD prevalence using agglomerative average-linkage hierarchical clustering, based on country-level risk factors and random effects meta-analysis within clusters. Published CKD prevalence data were obtained for 16 countries (of the 26 countries in the region) and estimates were made for 10 countries.ResultsThere was substantial variation in overall and advanced (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) CKD prevalence (range: 7.0%–34.3% and 0.1%–17.0%, respectively). Up to an estimated 434.3 million (95% CI 350.2 to 519.7) adults have CKD in Asia, including up to 65.6 million (95% CI 42.2 to 94.9) who have advanced CKD. The greatest number of adults living with CKD were in China (up to 159.8 million, 95% CI 146.6 to 174.1) and India (up to 140.2 million, 95% CI 110.7 to 169.7), collectively having 69.1% of the total number of adults with CKD in the region.ConclusionThe large number of people with CKD, and the substantial number with advanced CKD, show the need for urgent collaborative action in Asia to prevent and manage CKD and its complications.
Towards a harmonised framework for developing quality of care indicators for global health: a scoping review of existing conceptual and methodological practices
Authors: Dudley Lilian , Mamdoo Puni , Naidoo Selvan , Muzigaba Moise 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesDespite significant advances in the science of quality of care measurement over the last decade, approaches to developing quality of care indicators for global health priorities are not clearly defined. We conducted a scoping review of concepts and methods used to develop quality of healthcare indicators to better inform ongoing efforts towards a more harmonised approach to quality of care indicator development in global health.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, grey literature and references for articles on developing quality of care indicators for routine monitoring in all healthcare settings and populations, published in English between 2010 and 2020. We used well-established methods for article screening and selection, data extraction and management. Results were summarised using a descriptive analysis and a narrative synthesis.ResultsThe 221 selected articles were largely from high-income settings (89%), particularly the USA (46%), Canada (9%), UK (9%) and Europe (17%). Quality of care indicators were developed mainly for healthcare providers (56%), for benchmarking or quality assurance (37%) and quality improvement (29%), in hospitals (32%) and primary care (26%), across many diseases. The terms ‘quality indicator’ and ‘quality measure’ were the most frequently encountered terms (50% and 21%, respectively). Systematic approaches for quality of care indicator development emerged within national quality of care systems or through cross-country collaborations in high-income settings. Maternal, neonatal and child health (33%), mental health (26%) and primary care (57%) studies applied most components of systematic approaches, but not consistently or rigorously.DiscussionThe current evidence shows variations in concepts and approaches to developing quality of care indicators, with development and application mainly in high-income countries.ConclusionAdditional efforts are needed to propose ‘best-practice’ conceptual frameworks and methods for developing quality of care indicators to improve their utility in global health measurement.
Biomarker-guided duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Children Hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection (BATCH): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Waldron Cherry-Ann , Thomas-Jones Emma , Bernatoniene Jolanta , Brookes-Howell Lucy , Faust Saul N , Harris Debbie , Hinds Lucy , Hood Kerenza , Huang Chao , Mateus Céu , Pallmann Philip , Patel Sanjay , Paulus Stéphane , Peak Matthew , Powell Colin , Preston Jennifer , Carrol Enitan D 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionProcalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker more specific for bacterial infection and responds quicker than other commonly used biomarkers such as C reactive protein, but is not routinely used in the National Health Service (NHS). Studies mainly in adults show that using PCT to guide clinicians may reduce antibiotic use, reduce hospital stay, with no associated adverse effects such as increased rates of hospital re-admission, incomplete treatment of infections, relapse or death. A review conducted for National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends further research on PCT testing to guide antibiotic use in children.Methods and analysisBiomarker-guided duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Children Hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection is a multi-centre, prospective, two-arm, individually Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with a 28-day follow-up and internal pilot. The intervention is a PCT-guided algorithm used in conjunction with best practice. The control arm is best practice alone. We plan to recruit 1942 children, aged between 72 hours and up to 18 years old, who are admitted to the hospital and being treated with intravenous antibiotics for suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. Coprimary outcomes are duration of antibiotic use and a composite safety measure. Secondary outcomes include time to switch from broad to narrow spectrum antibiotics, time to discharge, adverse drug reactions, health utility and cost-effectiveness. We will also perform a qualitative process evaluation. Recruitment commenced in June 2018 and paused briefly between March and May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol was approved by the HRA and NHS REC (North West Liverpool East REC reference 18/NW/0100). We will publish the results in international peer-reviewed journals and present at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberISRCTN11369832.
Exploring the efficacy of psychological treatments for depression: a multiverse meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Plessen Constantin Yves , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionIn the past four decades, over 700 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 80 meta-analyses have examined the efficacy of psychological treatments for depression. Overwhelming evidence suggests that all types of psychological treatments are effective. Yet, many aspects are still unexplored. Meta-analysts could perform hundreds of potential meta-analyses with the current literature, and a comprehensive bird’s-eye view of all published studies is missing. This protocol outlines how a multiverse meta-analysis can evaluate the entire body of the literature on psychological treatments of depression in a single analysis. Thereby, gaps of evidence and areas of robustness are highlighted.Methods and analysisWe will conduct systematic literature searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) up until 1 January 2021. We will include all RCTs comparing a psychological treatment with a control condition. We will include studies published in English, German, Spanish or Dutch, and exclude trials on maintenance and relapse prevention as well as dissertations. Two independent researchers will check all records. All self-reported and clinician-rated instruments measuring depression are included. We will extract information on recruitment settings, target groups, age groups, comorbidity, intervention formats, psychotherapy types, number of sessions, control conditions and country. Two independent researchers will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. As part of the multiverse meta-analysis, unweighted, fixed effect and random effects models will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationAs we will not collect any primary data, an ethical approval of this protocol is not required. We will publish the results in a peer-review journal and present them at international conferences. We will follow open science practices and provide our code and data.
Video-based smartphone app (‘VIDEA bewegt’) for physical activity support in German adults: a single-armed observational study
Authors: Fischer Tillmann , Stumpf Paul , Schwarz Peter E H , Timpel Patrick 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the video-based smartphone app ‘VIDEA bewegt’ over eight programme weeks on physical activity in German adults.DesignThe study used a single-arm observational design, assessing the app’s effectiveness under real-life conditions. Data were collected from July 2019 to July 2020.SettingThe app is enabling users to access video-based educational content via their smartphone. A clinical visit or in-person contact was not required.ParticipantsAll individuals registered in the freely available app were invited to take part in the study.InterventionsThe app aims to increase physical activity in everyday life. It combines educative videos on lifestyle-related benefits and instructional videos of strength and endurance exercises to do at home with motivational components like goal setting, documentation of progress and personalised messages.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were physical activity based one MET minutes per week (metabolic equivalent) and step numbers.Secondary outcomes included physical self-efficacy (motivational, maintenance, recovery self-efficacy), health-related quality of life: Mental Health Component Summary score and Physical Health Component Summary score.ResultsOf 97 people included in the data analysis, 55 successfully completed the programme and all questionnaires. Significant increases over eight programme weeks (between T0 and T2) were observed in physical activity based on MET minutes per week, health-related quality of life, and recovery self-efficacy. Time spent sitting and body mass index significantly decreased for those completing the programme.ConclusionsAlthough significant benefits of physical activity were observed following a complete-case analysis, results should be dealt with caution. Studies with a larger and less heterogeneous sample and robust study designs able to measure causal effects would be desirable.Trial registration numberDRKS00017392.
Addition of topical airway anaesthesia to conventional induction techniques to reduce haemodynamic instability during the induction period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: protocol for a randomised controlled study
Authors: Chen Ting Ting , Lv Meng , Wang Ji Hua , Wei Chuan Song , Gu Chang Ping , Wang Yue Lan 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the effects of combining topical airway anaesthesia with intravenous induction on haemodynamic variables during the induction period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods and analysisThis randomised, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, superiority study from 1 March 2021 to 31 December 2021 will include 96 participants scheduled for cardiac surgery. Participants will be screened into three blocks (ASA II, ASA III, ASA IV) according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and then randomly allocated into two groups within the block in a 1:1 ratio. Concealment of allocation will be maintained using opaque, sealed envelopes generated by a nurse according to a computer-generated randomisation schedule. In addition to general intravenous anaesthetics, participants will receive supraglottic and subglottic topical anaesthesia. Changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in both groups will be recorded by an independent investigator at the start of anaesthesia induction until the skin incision. If vasopressors are used during this period, the frequency, dosage and types of vasopressors will be recorded. The incidence and severity of participants’ postoperative hoarseness and sore throat will also be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province (registration number: YXLL-KY-2021(003)). The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and in conferences or congresses.Trial registration numberNCT04744480.