bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation of Discrete and Orbital Koopman Operators over Subsets and Manifolds
Authors: Kurdila Andrew J. , Paruchuri Sai Tej , Powell Nathan , Guo Jia , Bobade Parag , Estes Boone , Wang Haoran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a general approach for the construction of approximations of the Koopman operator associated with deterministic continuous semiflows over a complete metric space [[EQUATION]] . A primary contribution of the paper is the derivation of rates of convergence for approximations of Koopman operators for large classes of evolution equations. The rates of convergence in the paper are derived in two substantially different scenarios. If the state space [[EQUATION]] is compact, we consider when the samples [[EQUATION]] are dense in the entire state space [[EQUATION]] . We also study cases when samples are dense in a limiting subset [[EQUATION]] that is a proper subset of [[EQUATION]] . Two general classes of methods are described in the paper, referred to as intrinsic and extrinsic methods. Intrinsic methods define bases of approximation from kernels that are defined in terms of, or having knowledge of, the limiting set [[EQUATION]] . Extrinsic methods use kernels that do not depend on the knowledge of the limiting set [[EQUATION]] . In both types of approximations, the regularity of the underlying set and the smoothness of the space of functions on which the Koopman operator acts determine the rate of approximation. In the strongest error bounds derived in the paper, it is shown that the error in approximation of the Koopman operator decays like [[EQUATION]] where [[EQUATION]] is the fill rate of the samples [[EQUATION]] in the limiting set [[EQUATION]] and [[EQUATION]] is an exponent related to the choice of the kernel and the smoothness of functions on which the Koopman operator acts. Such error bounds are obtained when either the limiting subset [[EQUATION]] , when it is a proper subset [[EQUATION]] that is sufficiently regular, or when it is a type of smooth manifold [[EQUATION]] .
Insights about levels and source appointment of petroleum hydrocarbons in Brazilian semi-arid coastal: Baseline status assessment for ocean decade targets
Authors: Oliveira Andre Henrique , Fernandes Gabrielle Melo , Santos Felipe Rodrigues dos , de Almeida Narelle Maia , Nogueira Tiago Rocha , Melo Diego de Quadros , Martins Laercio Lopes , Cavalcante Rivelino Martins , Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira do , Reddy Christopher Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Ocean decade (2021–2030) for sustainable development proclaimed in 2017 by the UN, seeks to promote and conserve the sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. For this, the distribution of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and biomarkers, in sediments from the Fortaleza coastal zone​ (Mucuripe harbor (MH) e Inner shelf (ICS)) were used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ16 n-alkanes) in MH and ICS sediments varied from 35.9 to 94.9 and 17.9 to 197.3 µg g− 1, respectively, while the isoprenoids phytane and pristane in MH and ICS sediments ranged from 0.1 to 1.69 ug g− 1 and from 0.14 and 1.20 µg g− 1, respectively. Most of the sediment samples presented carbon preference index (CPI) values close to unity, indicating that the area is submitted to petroleum-related sources. The concentrations of Σ16 PHAs in MH and ICS sediments varied from 87.0 to 562.0 and 98 to 288.0 ng g− 1. This work presents the first investigation of the petroleum biomarkers hopanes and steranes in the Fortaleza coastal zone, in which ΣBiomarkers varied from 0.10 to 1.79 and 0.02 to 0.24 ug g− 1 in MH and ICS sediments, respectively. The presence at stations of biomarkers also indicates petrogenic input. The diagnosis of the distribution of pollutants in the investigated zones of the Fortaleza coast suggests contamination from urban areas and oil spills and vessel traffic.
Surf zone-related drownings and injuries based on lifeguard records in Goa beaches (2008-2020)
Authors: Venkateswarlu Ch , V Arun Kumar Surisetty V , Somani Ankit , Gireesh B. , Naidu C V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study is based on lifeguard data from 44 Goa beaches over a period of 2008–2020. Calangute reported the highest Surf Zone Injury (SZI) cases with 24.63% followed by Baga and Candolim in the north Goa. In South Goa, Colva recorded the highest percentage of beach victims with 18.25%. Since, Goa beaches are world-famous, many tourists from foreign countries have become victims with a total percentage of 22.2%, thereby showing its importance to the global community. Out of all Indian states, Karnataka recorded nearly 21.93% cases as compared to Goa with 13.53%. Since, there is a stringent lifeguard system available at Goa beaches, the drowning percentage is just 2.86%. Rips are found to be the primary cause responsible for most cases accounting for 59.32% with nearly 3030 victims. The secondary cause is due to shore breaking. The most common injury type is a fracture of the legs which accounts for 8.02%. Apart from rip current related cases, there are other cases reported due to tourism activities. Out of all recreational activities, wading resulted in more number of SZIs with 19.61% followed by surfing and body boarding. The SZI-related cases have also been examined based on age and gender. The predominant age group involved in the injuries was between 19–25 years (36.33%) with the majority of victims being males (78.59%). These details give an idea of which regions along the beaches, management has to focus on and restrict the zones from any kind of recreational activities. This analysis is the first of its kind in India, where a detailed study is carried on based on lifeguard reports, suggesting the importance of rescue or drowning data.
Diagnostic accuracy of online visual acuity testing of paediatric patients
Authors: Painter Sally , Hamilton Ruth , Livingstone Iain 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: Remote assessment of children’s visual acuity became necessary during the COVID19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the extent of agreement between hospital-based clinical testing and clinician-led home-based testing.Subjects/Methods: 50 children aged 2–16 years attending hospital eye services at two UK hospitals had routine hospital-based acuities compared with subsequent online, orthoptist-supervised home visual acuities. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots, as was test-retest (TRT) agreement of two, repeated home acuity tests.Results: Monocular acuities tested at hospital and at home were obtained from all 50 children; 33 also had binocular acuities in both settings and 35 had acuities retested immediately at home. Most children were tested at home using a computer or tablet: two were tested with a smartphone. No mean test differences were found for hospital vs home testing, and limits of agreement (LOAs) were ± 0.32 and ± 0.35 logMAR for binocular and monocular testing respectively. LOAs for inter-ocular acuity differences were -0.15–0.25 logMAR. TRT agreement was excellent, with LOA of ± 0.14 logMAR.Conclusions: We found excellent agreement between hospital and home acuity testing. LOAs were in keeping with multiple changes between measures (test; setting; time; tester) and a cohort including patients as young as two years old. Even smartphone testing proved feasible. Inability of the supervising orthoptist to check test distance or device calibration/orientation were limitations likely contributing to breadth of LOAs. Home vision testing is feasible and accurate, but its precision, acceptability, health economic impact and carbon impact require more attention.
An alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 can act as a pathogenicity factor in infection of pinewood nematode
Authors: Li Liangliang , Sun Yufeng , Chen Fengmao , Hao Dejun , Tan Jiajin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are an important biological control for nematodes. We isolated the nematicidal Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 from healthy Pinus elliottii trunks. Bioassay experiments showed killing of all tested nematodes by proteins from the NJSZ-13 culture filtrate within 72 h. Degradation of the nematode cuticles was observed, suggesting the action of extracellular bacterial enzymes. The responsible protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. The protease had a molecular weight of 28 kDa and optimal activity at 55℃ and pH 9, indicating an alkaline protease. The study suggests the potential for using this B. cereus NJSZ-13 strain protease to prevent pinewood nematode infection.
Menorrhagia as main presentation sign of severe hypothyroidism in a pediatric patient: a case report.
Authors: Barbero Arianna , Pagano Manuela , Tuli Gerdi , Buganza Raffaele , de Sanctis Luisa , Bondone Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relative high frequency of menstrual irregularities in the first two-three years after menarche may lead to the risk of underestimation of associated pathological conditions, which are always to be accurately researched with careful examination and anamnesis. The association between menstrual irregularities and hypothyroidism is described in literature but the available data are scarce and mainly based on adult case series. It is described that low plasma levels of thyroid hormone can shift the hemostatic system towards a hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic state and seem to lead to an increased bleeding risk.CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes the case of a thirteen years old girl who presented to our Emergency Department complaining of menorrhagia for the last fifteen days, leading to severe anemia. The objective examination revealed clinical signs of hypothyroidism and a severe short stature, lower than mid-parental height, with stunting of growth and a significant bone age delay. Blood exams and thyroid ultrasound were consistent with the diagnosis of severe hypothyroidism in autoimmune thyroiditis with acquired von Willebrand syndrome, growth hormone deficiency. Magnetic resonance showed pituitary functional hyperplasia.The substitutive therapy with levothyroxine led to the resolution of heavy bleeding after five days and following normalization of coagulative parameters and pituitary hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism usually presents with unspecific symptoms, with consequent risk of diagnostic delay. It can influence the coagulation system and it seems to be associated to increased risk of menstrual irregularities. We underline the importance of a regular follow up of the pubertal development, including height measurements, thyroid palpation and menstrual anamnesis to intercept red flags findings for hypothyroidism.
Otus scops adenovirus – the complete genome sequence of a novel aviadenovirus discovered from wild owl
Authors: Zheng Weibo , Jiang Tingshu , Zhang Zhe , Pan Dong , Tang Wenli , Li Youzhi , Jiang Linlin , Zhu Hongwei , Yu Xin , Chen Guozhong , Wang Jiao , Zhang Jianlong , Zhang Xingxiao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a complete genome sequence of an aviadenovirus Otus scops adenovirus (OsAdV) discovered from the cloaca of an Otus scops (a small raptor widely distributed in the world), which was collected from an island off the northeast coast of China. Thirty protein coding genes were predicted in this 40239-bp-long genome, which contains the largest fiber protein among all reported aviadenoviruses. This owl genome is highly divergent and has only 55% average protein identity compared with other adenovirus genomes and all reported proteins. Phylogenetic analyses placed OsAdV deep within the genus Aviadenovirus and formed a single clade with a previous reported owl adenovirus in Japan. This is the second complete genome sequence of aviadenovirus discovered in owls, which has 62% average protein identity compared with the first reported owl adenovirus. Combining this result with comparative genomic analysis of all aviadenoviruses, we propose that this owl virus and previous reported owl virus in Japan can be assigned as two new species in the genus Aviadenovirus. This research contributes to an improved understanding of infectious disease among raptors and owls.
Comparing Eurocode 8-5 and AASHTO methods for earth pressure analysis against centrifuge tests, finite elements, and the Generalized Coefficients of Earth Pressure
Authors: Pantelidis Lysandros , Christodoulou Panagiotis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an exhaustive comparison of the earth pressure methods included in EN1998-5:2004 (use of Mononobe-Okabe method, M-O), prEN1998-5:2021 and AASHTO (M-O with half peak ground acceleration) standards, against contemporary centrifuge tests, finite elements, and the method proposed by the first author in 2019. The latter is a continuum mechanics approach for deriving earth pressure coefficients for any soil state between the “at-rest” state and the active or passive state, applicable to cohesive-frictional soils and both horizontal and vertical pseudo-static conditions. The same method also provides analytical expressions for the calculation of the required wall movement for the mobilization of the active (or passive) failure state, as well as for the mobilized shear strength values of soil. The comparison includes among others, centrifuge test results from two different studies, and results from 157 finite element models from two different programs. All experimental, numerical, and analytical results show that the EN19985-5:2004 method gives conservative to excessively conservative active earth pressure values, AASHTO’s approach fairly good behavior, while prEN1998-5:2021 excessively conservative values. For the passive state, all methods included in the above-mentioned standards, return unreliable and unconservative results. In contrast, the results obtained by the proposed method show a remarkable agreement with the respective ones obtained both by the finite element method and the various centrifuge tests. Also, it is shown that a pseudo-static earth retention analysis, can be replaced by a respective static analysis, just substituting the (c', φ') values of soil of the original problem with the mobilized ones.
Assessing germline mutational profile and its clinicopathological associations in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bapat Ashwini , Gahlaut Siddharth , Mishra Rupa , Luke Naveen , Kumar Rahul , John Jisha , Konnur Aishwarya , Namewar Namrata , Reddy Ruhi , Shaikh Shahin , Banale Rituja , Nagarkar Sanket , Nare Smeeta , Thomas George , Busheri Laleh , Reddy Asha , Kelkar Devaki , Dixit Santosh , Mannan Ashraf ul , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Radhakrishna Selvi , Koppiker Chaitanyanand B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women with a high incidence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The high TNBC prevalence (> 25%) in India remains a challenge in clinical management. Association of germline BRCA1/2 mutations in TNBCs is well-established as a predisposing factor for hereditary breast cancer risk. These studies are however predominantly representative of western population. Therefore, we investigated germline profiles of multi-institutional cohort of TNBC patients in India
Methods
Using a multi-gene NGS (next-generation sequencing) panel of 26 ACMG recommended genes associated with inherited cancers.
Results
In our study cohort of 193 TNBC patients, we identified 57 pathogenic mutations of which BRCA1 (71.93%) and BRCA2 (14.03%) were most commonly mutated. Additionally, 8 pathogenic mutations were identified in non-BRCA genes associated with the HR pathway. 10 novel mutations were identified in 3 genes namely BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. Comparison of allele-frequency with the global databases like TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), gnomAD and Genome Asia 100K indicated that the novel mutations were unique. Furthermore, we identified 48 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) (24.9%).
Conclusions
Our study confirms the major proportion of mutations in BRCA1/2 genes in TNBCs in India. Interestingly, a higher proportion of VUS were found in the non-BRCA genes compared to BRCA1/2 emphasizing the need for functional studies of the non-BRCA genes. Additionally, large scale studies are also warranted to elucidate the landscape of germline mutations relevant to the Indian population and their probable clinical implications.
A deeper insight into the deepest vertebrate of the sea
Authors: Xu Wen-Jie , Zhu Chenglong , Wu Baosheng , Hu Ming-Liang , Xu Han , Feng Chen-Guang , Gan Xiaoni , Zheng Jiangmin , Bo Jing , He Lisheng , Qiu Qiang , Wang Wen , He Shunping , Wang Kun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the deepest vertebrate in the ocean, the hadal snailfish, which lives at a depth of about 7,000m, is a representative case for studying adaptation to extreme environments. Three years after the publication of its first genome, we re-investigated this species using more resequencing individuals and more refined comparative genomic analyses. We found that the hadal snailfish have the ability to migrate across different trenches in the Pacific Ocean after fully adapting to the hadal zone. The loss and retention of sensory genes suggests that the auditory and mechanosensory perception of the hadal snailfish may have undergone compensatory enhancement in complete darkness, while the visual system gradually disappeared. The special environment of the hadal zone has also affected this species in ways that are reflected in genetic changes related to circadian rhythms, behavior, bone mineralization, and high-hydrostatic pressure adaptation. We report here further advances in our understanding of the origin, specific characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of hadal snailfish.
Biological function research of the long non-coding RNA Malnc2310 in bananas induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Authors: Li wenbin , Zhao Pingjuan , Sun Jianbo , Zou Liangping , Li Shuxia , Ruan Mengbin , Peng Ming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the biological processes of plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. The lncRNA Malnc2310 is greatly induced in banana roots with the infection of Fusarium. To further understand the characteristics and functions of Malnc2310, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA pull-down assay, and 35S::Malnc2310 transgenic Arabidopsis were acquired in this study. The result indicated that Malnc2310 was in the nucleus and the binding proteins mainly included phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase isozyme (CAT), NOL1/NOL2, and cytochrome f (CYTf), which were intimately related to flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogen infection, programmed cell death, and the Calvin cycle. Furthermore, the 35S::Malnc2310 transgenic Arabidopsis had accumulated more anthocyanin and higher activity of PAL protein under Fusarium crude extract, verifying the conclusion that Malnc2310 involved in flavonoid metabolism through regulating PAL protein. The 35S::Malnc2310 transgenic Arabidopsis showed more susceptible to abiotic stresses, indicating that Malnc2310 should be an important negative regulator in plant under stresses.
Effects of Myco-Entomopathogens on Bio-Control of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, Endophytic Colonization of Tomato, and Compatibility with selected pesticides
Authors: Gebramariam Amha , Mekuriaw Eyerus , Assefa Fassil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The biological pest control efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi is improved by the endophytic establishment and combination with agricultural recommended pesticides and plant extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on biological control of T. vaporariorum, endophytic colonization, and compatibility with selected pesticides.
Methods
The endophytic colonization ability of entomopathogenic fungal isolates was evaluated by using soil drenching and foliar spraying methods under greenhouse condition. Compatibility interaction of potential entomopathogenic fungi with selected pesticides was calculated based on the biological index formula.
Results
The endophytic colonization pattern of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates using soil drench and foliar spray inoculation methods exhibited significant differences in the different parts of tomato plants. The endophytic B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates induced a significant reduction in the number of nymphs and adults of T. vaporariorum (p < 0.001). Thus, the application of B. bassiana AAUMB-29 reduced nymphs by 67% while M. anisopliae AAUDM-43 reduced adults with a percentage reduction of 52% over control. The compatibility study revealed that all tested concentrations of neem extract and chemical pesticides were caused by different levels of inhibition on vegetative growth, germination, and sporulation of M. anisopliae AAUDM-43, B. bassiana AAUMFB-77, and B.bassiana AAUMB-29. The biological index vales indicated that all isolates were compatible with neem oil, neem seed crud extract, and chemical insecticides at both half and recommended doses.
Conclusion
The tomato endophytic B. bassiana AAUMB-29 and M. anisopliae AAUDM-43 were convinced significant reduction of T. vaporariorum, and highly compatible with selected pesticides. These potential isolates should be used in integrated pest management programs
Wild and domesticated lettuce species differ in intestinal biological efficacy
Authors: Masereeuw Rosalinde , Jochems Paulus , Heming Bo , Lapin Dmitry , Moonen Naomi , Ackerveken Guido van den 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most consumed and cultivated vegetables globally. Its breeding is focused on the improvement of yield and disease resistance. However, potential detrimental or beneficial health effects for the consumer are often not targeted in the breeding programs. Here, a bioengineered intestinal tubule was used to assess the intestinal efficacy of extracts from five plant accessions belonging to four Lactuca species. These four species include the domesticated L. sativa, closely related wild species L. serriola, and phylogenetically more distant wild relatives L. saligna and L. virosa. We assessed the epithelial barrier integrity, cell viability, cell attachment, brush border enzyme activity, and immune markers. Extracts from L. sativa cv. Salinas decreased cell attachment and brush border enzyme activity. However, extracts from the non-edible wild species L. saligna and L. virosa strongly affected epithelial barrier, cell attachment, cell viability, and brush border enzyme activity. Since wild species represent a valuable germplasm pool, the bioengineered intestinal tubules could open ways to evaluate the safety and nutritional properties of the lettuce breeding material originating from crosses with wild Lactuca species.