bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lived experience roles in forensic in-patient treatment
Authors: Drennan G. 
Published: February 2022

wThe development of recovery-oriented practice in mental health has brought about a much greater prominence to the place of lived experience workers. Many aspects of indvidualised recovery-oriented care have been taken up in forensic mental health settings. However, the introduction of lived experience workers is arguably significantly more difficult when the dual vulnerabilities of forensic mental health services users are considered (Drennan & Alred, 2012). This paper will describe a multi-layered approach to the introduction of lived experience roles in a forensic in-patient unit. Roles have developed from being solely ward-based, to service-wide roles that include participation in management and service development, the creation of a Recovery College Forensic Campus, and to co-production and co-delivery of the psychological therapies programme. In addition to ‘mapping’ these developments in co-production, this paper will also describe the development of the governance structures that have been necessary to support this infrastructure. Lived experience workers require recruitment, vetting, placement, and aftercare, when they engage in the activities available. On-going mental health and risk stability cannot be assumed, and so regular formal and informal psychosocial support is required to ensure that workload pressures do not negatively impact on other service users and staff. The paper will suggest that much more attention needs to be paid to the development of organisational infrastructure to sustain and manage the growth of lived experience roles in forensic mental health settings than is currently in place.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Inverse autonomic stress reactivity in depressed patients with and without prior history of depression
Authors: Agorastos A. , Heinig A. , Wiedemann K. , Demiralay C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a considerable association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease, most possibly relying on abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system (ANS)-related cardiac reactivity, although the exact underlying pathophysiological pathway is unclear.ObjectivesThis study tends to shed some additional light on this background by investigating ANS reactivity in MDD with respect to previous depression history through an objective stress challenge paradigm.MethodsThe study assessed the effects of an overnight hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation with metyrapone (MET) on baseline ANS activity through linear and non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) measures in the morning of two continuous days in a group of 14 physically healthy, antidepressant-free patients with clinical, non-psychotic MDD, to investigate differences in autonomic reactivity with respect to prior MDD history.ResultsThe main findings of this study include statistically significant time x group interactions with respect to several HRV measures, suggesting substantial differences on autonomic reactivity between patients with and without depression history. Hereby, recurrent-episode MDD patients showed lower vagal activity, while first-episode MDD patients increased PNS activity after HPA axis stimulation.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that HPA axis stimulation in MDD patients leads to inverse vagal response according to MDD history. We suggest that chronic stress system overactivation, as found in MDD, might lead to a progressive inversion of the original stress response through HPA axis and ANS divergence over the course of a recurrent illness. HRV could, thus, represent a significant biomarker in MDD with temporal sensitivity.
Implementation of a peer support worker in a forensic hospital in germany
Authors: Walde P. , Benz C. , Völlm B. 
Published: February 2022

Experienced Involvement (also called Peer Support Work, PSW) has existed in mental health care in Germany since 2005 though its implementation lags behind, compared to other countries. Due to the unique challenges of forensic-psychiatric settings, implementation of PSW in these settings is even less developed. We prepared the implementation of a peer support worker in our forensic hospital for addicted offenders in Germany in several steps: A survey amongst the 75 forensic hospitals in Germany was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of PSW in these settings. Individual interviews were conducted with directors and peer support workers of forensic clinics nation-wide to investigate their facilities’ experiences with PSW. Focus groups with several occupational groups of the clinic in Rostock addressed staffs opinions, expectations and reservations regarding peer support work. These were recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. Results: revealed that the majority of forensic hospitals (83.6%) has no experience with peer support work. Interviews with external clinic directors revealed similar concerns and expectations among the employees as our focus groups did. Staff at the clinics expected the peer support worker to offer useful experiences and new perspectives. Concerns occurred about stability of health condition of the peer support worker, trust issues because of former criminal behavior and attitudes towards psychiatric treatment that might interfere with professional treatment negatively. Furthermore the clinic directors stressed the importance of a well prepared implementation and a good “fit” of the peer support workers background to the patients (e.g. regarding diagnosis).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
On psychosocial pathomorphosis of depression
Authors: Krasnov V. , Semenova N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe concept of depression has long been a matter of controversy. Sociocultural factors greatly influence the phenomenology of depression and the meaning that patients assign to their symptoms.ObjectivesThe aim is to determine the changes in the phenomenology of depression over the past decades.MethodsTo compare the proportions of biologically mediated symptoms of typical recurrent melancholic depression with the ideator components of the depressive syndrome and a depressive decrease in reactivity. We compared the archival data of one of the authors (V.N.K.) obtained in the study of depression: 1980-1987 (first group) and 2014-2020 (second group). The groups are age-comparable (21-64 y.o.). The Hamilton Depression Scale has been used to assess depression (score of 21–32, in both groups).ResultsBasic, i.e., biologically mediated symptoms, were not statistically different in the study groups. Whereas symptoms associated with emotional reactivity, the patient’s introspective abilities and capacity to identify and verbalize feelings - in the second group, were statistically rare, except for anhedonia, which, on the contrary, came to the fore. Based on some longitudinal studies of the dangers of excessive reliance on computer-mediated communication, one could foresee such contrasting phenomenology changes, which were especially clearly manifested in young patients.ConclusionsOver the past decades, there are changes in the phenomenology of depression. The same underlying disorder can produce different clinical presentations, and agreement on a pathological entity does not necessarily mean deal with a descriptive label.
Investigation depression prevalence and related effective factors among students at health faculty isfahan university 2019, Iran
Authors: Aboutalebi M. , Mehvari G. , Heidari E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of depression is associated with decreased social, occupational, and educational performance.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was assessing the prevalence of depression and its related effective factors among students at health faculty at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study 177 students were included randomly. The Beak test included 21 questions were applied to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and were presented as descriptive statistics and analyses included One-way analysis of variance, t-test and correlation Pearson.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of the age of students was 22.15±3.88 years. More than 80% of students experienced some levels of depression. Of the participants 19.8% indicated no sign of distress, 26% mild distress, 37.3% average distress and 16.9% high depression. There was no statistical association of distress between female and male students (P=0.198). However, significant associations were Sedative drugs, parents level and occupation, Study Field, Future Career and Financial situation with depression (P<0.05).ConclusionsOverall, the prevalence of depression was higher among students compared with general population. Providing programs for improving student’s mental health is suggested.
Depression in elderly patients hospitalized in psychiatry
Authors: Halouani N. , Ouali R. , Jemal E. , Turki M. , Ellouze S. , Charf R. , Aribi L. , Aloulou J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression in the elderly represents a major public health problem, due to its high prevalence and its deleterious consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, in particular by suicide.Objectives1-Draw up the socio-demographic and clinical profile of elderly patients hospitalized in psychiatry for a major depressive episode 2-Determine the semiological and therapeutic characteristics of depression in the elderly.MethodsParticipants were outpatients of Psychiatry B department in Hedi chaker University Hospital Center in Tunisia, over the age of 65, hospitalized in psychiatry for a major depressive episode, recruted between 2000 and 2015. The data was collected using a pre-established sheet containing socio-demographic information, the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of the depressive episode and the therapeutic data concerning the depressive episode.Results30 patients were included in this study with an average age (69 Y) and sex ratio (0.66). More than half (53.3%, 16 patients) had a history of chronic somatic disease. The average length of hospitalization was 26 days. The most frequent reason for hospitalization is sadness of mood (43.3%) with cognitive impairment as the predominant clinical symptomatology (40%). 93.3% of the population received as treatment an antidepressant mainly Fluoxetine (50%).ConclusionsDepression and its different modes of expression in the elderly is a serious condition with direct effects on quality of life. Early detection is desirable in order to set up appropriate management, and thus prevent the occurrence of complications such as suicide.
Dental health awareness in patients feeling sad or hopeless- an estimate from youth risk behavior surveillance survey
Authors: Hsieh Y.C. , Chauhan B. , Patel J. , Soni P. , Tyagi G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResearch has found that low mood including sadness and hopelessness is an important factor for decreased awareness in one’s oral health and lowered frequency of visit to the dental office, this relationship is not well studied in national representative samples. Poor mental wellbeing can lead to poor oral health.ObjectivesAim is to examine the relationship between feeling sad or hopeless and awareness for dental care.MethodsData were obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS-CDC), USA, for years 2009-2017. All ages from 12 to 18 years, feeling sad or hopeless and dental visits were identified. Univariable relationship between feeling sad or hopeless (>2 weeks in the past year) and dental office visits for all dental care (during the past 12 months, 12-24 months, >24 months, and never) was evaluated using chi-square test.ResultsOut of a total of 53,098 youths, 30.5% of youths were feeling sad or hopeless. Within the youths feeling sad or hopeless, the prevalence of youth who never received dental care was higher at 37.1% in comparison to youths who received dental care >24 months ago 36.4%,12-24 months 33.7%, and visited the dental office in the past 12 months 28.9%. (p<0.0001). In youths who had dental care in the last 12 months, the prevalence of sadness or hopelessness was lower at 65% vs 70%, while it was higher in youths who had never had dental care at 3.3% vs 1.7%.ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to evaluate reduced oral health care awareness among participants feeling sad or hopeless.
The impact of dose on the real-world effectiveness of vortioxetine in outpatients with mdd in greece
Authors: Papalexi E. , Kakkavas P. , Vassos D. , Mylonaki T. , Partsafyllidis D. , Mageiria S. , Nestoris C. , Galanopoulos A. , Ettrup A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe current treatment goal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is functional recovery (Zimmerman M et al, 2012). However, finding the “right dose for the right patient” may be challenging and the dose-response relationship for antidepressant efficacy remains controversial (Hieronymus F et al, 2016). Efficacy evaluated by MADRS increases with higher vortioxetine doses, based on meta-analysis data (Thase ME et al, 2016).ObjectivesThe aim of this exploratory analysis was to assess the impact of different doses on vortioxetine effectiveness in clinical practice in Greece.MethodsIn this non-interventional study, open-label vortioxetine was administered at a flexible dosage (5-20 mg/d). Patients receiving 5/10 mg vortioxetine (group A), at the end of the study, were compared to patients receiving 15/20mg vortioxetine (group B). At baseline, 1 and 3 months, depressive symptoms and functioning were assessed by MADRS and SDS. Multiple regression was used for the statistical analyses.ResultsThe study included 336 MDD patients. At the end of the study, 64.3% (n=200) of patients were receiving 15/20 mg vortioxetine. Higher vortioxetine dose at month 3 was significantly correlated with higher MADRS total score at baseline (p<0.001). SDS total score change from baseline to month 3 was significantly associated with vortioxetine dose (p<0.001), with group A and group B showing improvements of -9.2±8.2 and -12.1±6.0, respectively- whereas such association was not observed for MADRS total score.ConclusionsIn conclusion, patients with more severe depressive symptoms were treated with higher antidepressant doses. However, beyond symptom improvement, vortioxetine effectiveness on patient functioning seems to increase with higher doses.Conflict of interestA. Galanopoulos and E. Papalexi are full-time employees in Lundbeck Hellas. A. Ettrup is a full-time employee in H. Lundbeck A/S.
Characteristics of unipolar depression in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Kacem M. , Khouadja S. , Brahim S. , Boukhchina R. , Zarrouk L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUnipolar depression is daily encountered in psychiatry.ObjectivesTo describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with unipolar depression.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out at the psychiatric department of the University Hospital of Mahdia. We have included patients with unipolar depression. The data were collected from patients’ medical files using a pre-established 37-item questionnaire.ResultsWe have collected 53 patients. The mean age was 44 years. The majority of patients were female (56.6%) and unemployed (70%). 47.2% of patients were married. 72% of patients had a low socio-economic level. They were smokers in 45.3% of cases. Alcohol consumption was found in 24.5% of cases. A family history of mood disorder and suicide or attempted suicide were present in 7% and 13.2% of the cases respectively. 7% of the patients had a history of a postpartum thymic episode. The mean number of depressive episodes was 2.5. Personal history of suicide attempts was found in 40% of cases. The mean age of the first thymic episode was 35 years. At the psychiatric examination, psychomotor retardation was present in 64% of cases, anxiety distress in 58.5% of cases, psychotic, melancholic and atypical characteristics in 30%, 13.2% and 5.7% of cases respectively. 81% of patients were treated with anxiolytic drugs in combination with an antidepressant. Antipsychotic treatment was combined in 45% of cases and electro-convulsive therapy in 9.4% of cases.ConclusionsOur patients presented predictive criteria of bipolarity. Therefore, vigilance is necessary in their medical management.
Stigma towards patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders: Challenges and interventions in Italy
Authors: Carpiniello B. 
Published: February 2022

Stigma toward mental illness is considered a major public health problem, being a significant obstacle for the access to care by people with psychiatric disorders, not only the severe ones but also those improperly called “minor” disorders, as recent research demonstrates. Moreover, stigma per se causes further sufference, undermining the quality of life of those who suffer from mental disorders due to discrimination, social isolation and lack of opportunities. Thus, combating stigma is one of the main goal of mental health policies worldwide. After the 1978 Reform Act, substantial ideological and practical changes were introduced in Italy, such as, among others, the abandonement of custodial care and of the dangerousness criterion for involuntary treatments, along with the development of a nationwide system in mental health care. Notwithstanding there relevant changes and more than forty years of experience in community treatment of mental disorders and the widespread implementation of interventions oriented to social inclusion, no data about significant changes in public stigma toward mentally ill people could be registered in our country. Moreover, a quite limited number of specific anti-stigma programmes and campaigns at a national or local level were developed with a correspondently paucity of research regarding the evaluation of these interventions with specific reference to their quality and effectivenessDisclosureNo significant relationships.
The bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and depression
Authors: Belghuith S. , Daoud S. , Smaoui N. , Farhat N. , Sakka S. , Hdiji O. , Moalla K.S. , Damak M. , Bouali M. Maalej , Mhiri C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe relationship between epilepsy and depression has been recognized for a long time. In fact, the presence of depression could worsen the disease outcome.Objectiveswe aimed to study the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy and to assess the determinant factors of its genesis.Methods54 patients with epilepsy, aged more than 18 years, attending the neurology department of Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia, were enrolled for the study. All patients were administered Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for evalution of psychiatric comorbid disorders especially depression. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsA total of 54 patients were included, of whom 63% (n =34) were men. Mean duration of epilepsy was 20.13 years. The most frequent type of seizure was generalized 72.7%. Depression was present in 7.3 % of patients. Alcoholism (p=0.027) was significantly associated with occurrence of depression. Drug resistence (p = 0.03) and longer duration of epilepsy (p = 0.046) were significantly associated with occurrence of depression. No significant association was found between type of seizure, seizure frequency, medication compliance and depression. Depression wasn’t associated with anti-epileptic drug. We didn’t find any association between depression and other psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionsDepression wasn’t frequent in our study contrary to literature. The possible explanations are the reduced simple size and the sensitivity of the used tool to assess depression in epilepsy. Pursuant to literature, we found significant association between Alcoholism, drug resistance and long duration of epilepsy.
Distribution of inpatients with cardiovascular diseases and major depression
Authors: Kornetov N. , Molodykh O. , Arzhanik A. , Zvereva N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMajor depression (MD) and anxiety symptoms (AS) are frequent cardiovascular diseases satellites (CVD).ObjectivesTo examine features of comorbid physical and mental disorders considering age and sex variability.MethodsCross-sectional study 146 patients with СVD were examined in cardiologic department of the Medical Centre. Of these, 51 (60.0%) are women and 34 (40.0%) are men. Patients assessed the intensity of pain or its absence using Visual Analog Scale. Anhedonia was determined by the Snatch-Hamilton Pleasure Scale - SHAPS. A hospital scale, HADS, was used to assess anxiety and depression. The final clinical diagnosis of MD was carried out according to the DSM-V criteria. Quantitative and ordinal signs are presented in the form Me-Median (Q1; Q3) - the first and third quartiles, respectively.ResultsThe degree of MD among male and female p=0,17; in “A” and “B” groups р=0,4912. Among patients of “A” age group is 2 (Q1 1 ; Q3 4) p=0,1777 had no difference. Patients of group “B” scored 3 (Q1 1,0; Q3 5,0) р=0,0019. Anxiety among female is 9 (Q1 6,0; Q3 11,0), among male 7 (Q1 3,5; Q3 9,0) р=0,0006. In the group of patients under 60 years anxiety score is 8 (Q1 4,0; Q3 9,0), group above 60 - 8 (Q1 6,0; Q3 11,0) р=0,0045. Pain intensity scored 3 (Q1 1,0; Q3 5,0) among male, 5 (Q1 3,0; Q3 7,0) among female p=0,0009.ConclusionsDespite invariability of main depression symptoms among sex and partly age, pain and anxiety symptoms prevailed in elderly male and female.
Salivary markers of stress system activation and social withdrawal in humans
Authors: Bauduin S. , Giltay E. , Noorden M. Van , Van Der Werff S. , Leeuw M. , Hemert A. Van , Van Der Wee N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSocial withdrawal is an early and common feature of psychiatric disorders. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activation through increased salivary cortisol (sC) and sympathetic activation through increased salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) may play a role.ObjectivesWe aimed to study whether the link between increased sC and sAA on the one hand and depression on the other hand is mediated by social withdrawal.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, observational study, sC and sAA measures were measured in seven saliva samples in 843 participants (231 psychiatric patients and 612 healthy controls). Social withdrawal was assessed through the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-, the Short Form 36-, and the Dutch Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology social withdrawal subscales, and analyzed using linear regression and mediation analyses. On average, participants were 44.0 years old (SD=12.8; 64.1% female).ResultsBasal and diurnal sAA were unrelated to any social withdrawal scale and depression. Certain sC measures were positively associated with the BSI social withdrawal subscale (i.e., area under the curve with respect to the increase, beta=0.082, p=0.02; evening sC value: beta=0.110, p=0.003; and mean sC value: beta=0.097; p=0.01). We found limited support for statistical mediation by social withdrawal (measured using a composite social withdrawal score) on the relationship between evening sC and depression.ConclusionsThus, although we found no support for a role of basal and diurnal sAA in social withdrawal, HPA-axis activation may partly aggravate social withdrawal in depressive disorders.