bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic Complexes of the Perfluorinated Three‐Mercury Anticrown (o,o’‐C6F4C6F4Hg)3. Dependence of the Anion Coordination Type on Counter‐Cation in Case of Chloride and Bromide Anions
Authors: Gribanyov Dmitry A. , Tugashov Kirill I. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Kabaeva Nina M. , Tikhonova Irina A. , Shur Vladimir B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe interaction of the macrocycle (o,o′‐C6F4C6F4Hg)3 (1) containing three mercury centres with arylphosphonium salts ([Ph4P]Cl or [Ph4P]Br) yields halide complexes, [Ph4P]{[(o,o′‐C6F4C6F4Hg)3](η1:η1‐X)} (X=Cl, Br) having infinite polymer chain structure in the crystal. In both adducts, the halide anion is situated outside of the cavity of the three‐mercury anticrown 1 and bridged by two mercury centres of neighbouring anticrown moieties. At the same time, when mercuracycle 1 interacts with tetraalkylammonium salts ([nBu4N]Cl or [nBu4N]Br), then the discrete 1 : 1 complexes [nBu4N]{[(o,o′‐C6F4C6F4Hg)3](η3‐X)} (X=Cl, Br) of completely different structure are formed. In these halide complexes the anion is located inside the cavity of macrocycle 1 and coordinates the three mercury atoms symmetrically. The synthesized halide complexes [nBu4N]{[(o,o′‐C6F4C6F4Hg)3](η3‐X)} (X=Cl, Br) are the first example of complexes of the macrocycle 1 where it behaves as anticrown.
Environment‐Sensitive Carbon Dots Derived from Naphthalenediol for Solvent Polarity Indicator and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Bai Jing , Cheng Yanyan , He Futao , Liu Qiqi , Qiang Shunfei , Zhang Lanxi , Yang Jiahao , Wang Chiyu , Xu Yuanqing , Zhang Wenkai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel type of environment‐sensitive carbon dots (ES‐CDs) has been synthesized via ethanothermal reaction using 1,6‐naphthalenediol as a carbon source and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The morphology and structure of ES‐CDs are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). ES‐CDs exhibit green and excitation wavelength independent emission in different solvents. Using the optical response of ES‐CDs towards acetone‐water binary mixtures with different composition, the sensitive detection of solvent polarity is realized based on the inner filter effect (IFE). The ink‐jet printed patterns of ES‐CDs show a blue‐to‐green conversion as exposure to external vapor from hydrogen chloride to ammonia, and enable information to hide assisting with a laser direct writing. We believe that the environment‐sensitive carbon dots developed in this study are potential candidates for solvent sensing and fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting.
Characterizing integration challenges in mission engineering to form solution strategies
Authors: Hernandez Alejandro S. , Pollman Anthony G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic approach to characterize integration challenges when implementing mission engineering and discusses some specific techniques to address these issues. With the introduction of mission engineering in the DOD science and technology lexicon, integration assumes a new dimension beyond the system product level. First, the authors offer a more precise definition of integration that focuses on incorporating a new technology or military capability into an existing organization's infrastructure. Using a collection of system integration literature and a set of examples, the authors define major problem areas regarding integration. Analyses of these issues present opportunities to identify specific methods to avoid or mitigate them. The resultant process is a foundation for mission engineering practitioners to plan successful integration of a new system. Acceptance of these procedures in the mission engineering community may lead to inclusion as standard practices in the DOD Mission Engineering Guide.
Numerical study on split base plate connection with concentric anchors between steel‐plate composite wall and concrete basemat
Authors: Vakili Sadeghi Hadis , Mirghaderi Seyed Rasoul , Epackachi Siamak , Asgarpoor Masoumeh , Gharavi Ali 
Published: May 2022

SummarySteel‐plate composite (SC) walls can be connected to a concrete basemat using a base plate and a set of anchors eccentric to the wall. The base plate can be separated into two parts so that the concrete of the wall and basemat is cohesive, and thus, the wall can be manufactured more easily and economically. Additionally, compression and shear demand are directly transferred from infill concrete to concrete basemat. Another change in the base plate connection of available tested walls involves transferring anchors to the bottom of faceplates. As a result of this modification, the base plate is removed from the force transmission chain, and the force is transferred directly from the wall to the anchors. After presenting the design criteria for this type of connection, three test walls with concrete foundations were verified in LS‐Dyna. The walls were modeled with a split base plate connection and concentric anchors, and then compared to other types of wall‐basemat connections. Three rectangular sections were then chosen as benchmarks and modeled with three anchors of different sizes to evaluate the effect of this parameter on walls behavior. The design equations presented for the single base plate connection were found applicable to design split base plate connections. Then all walls were compared to the test wall‐fixed base wall connection. Finally, the models were analyzed with elastic walls to determine whether the foundation is stronger than the wall. The split base plate connection with concentric anchors was found to be stronger than connected parts and can be an alternative to existing connections.
Impact of environmental and socio‐economic stressors leading to unequal distribution of COVID‐19 incidences in the state of Louisiana
Authors: Dasgupta Priyadarshini , Kuhn Lisa , Massawe Ephraim , Williams Mason , Perrone Julian , Dutta Pratik , Roy Debarshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLouisiana (LA) ranks fifth in the United States in cancer mortality rate. LA's infamous “cancer alley” is a well evidenced region near the southeast part of the Mississippi river surrounding the petrochemical hub of the state. LA has also experienced a high COVID‐19 death rate and incidences compared to other states during the recent pandemic. In this study we analyzed publicly available datasets related to health and socio‐economic parameters in LA to determine the factors triggering high incidences and deaths caused by COVID‐19. Correlation analysis was performed to find the impact of different parameters on the outcome of COVID‐19. Our analysis showed higher COVID‐19 incidences in the parishes which are in and around the “cancer alley” with a correlation of r = 0.9. Interestingly, results also indicated a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between the death rates caused by asbestos toxicity to COVID‐19 caused death rate. Furthermore, we found that office‐administration related employment has a positive correlation to COVID‐19 incidences in the “cancer alley.” However, we also found both white and black races are equally affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in the “cancer alley” region. In conclusion, our analysis strongly suggests that inhabiting “cancer alley” could significantly enhance the chances of getting affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus compared to other regions in LA.
Using Turn and Talk to Develop Language: Observations in Early Classrooms
Authors: Hindman Annemarie H. , Wasik Barbara A. , Anderson Kate 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTurn and Talk is widely used in early‐grade classrooms, but very little rigorous research or evidence‐based guidance has been offered to teachers. In this exploratory paper, we take the first step toward establishing a teacher‐friendly discussion on this common technique. After briefly describing the Turn and Talk technique, we first ask: What does research on adult–child and child–child conversations in classrooms tell us would make Turn and Talk as effective as possible for early language development? We summarize evidence‐based guidelines from the research. Second, we ask: What specific, real‐world examples show how preschool, kindergarten, and first‐grade teachers can use Turn and Talk in ways that align with research recommendations? We share short vignettes from observations of teachers bringing these research recommendations to life. We conclude with reflection questions for teachers who are currently using, or considering using, Turn and Talk.
Major bat‐borne zoonotic viral epidemics in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Shahneaz Ali , Imtiaz Mohammed Ashif , Islam Md Mazharul , Tanzin Abu Zubayer , Islam Ariful , Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBats are the natural reservoir host for many pathogenic and non‐pathogenic viruses, potentially spilling over to humans and domestic animals directly or via an intermediate host. The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic is the continuation of virus spillover events that have taken place over the last few decades, particularly in Asia and Africa. Therefore, these bat‐associated epidemics provide a significant number of hints, including respiratory cellular tropism, more intense susceptibility to these cell types, and overall likely to become a pandemic for the next spillover. In this systematic review, we analysed data to insight, through bat‐originated spillover in Asia and Africa. We used STATA/IC‐13 software for descriptive statistics and meta‐analysis. The random effect of meta‐analysis showed that the pooled estimates of case fatality rates of bat‐originated viral zoonotic diseases were higher in Africa (61.06%, 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2% = 97.3, p < 0.001). Moreover, estimates of case fatality rates were higher in Ebola (61.06%; 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2% = 97.3, p < 0.001) followed by Nipah (55.19%; 95%CI: 39.29 to 71.09, l2% = 94.2, p < 0.001), MERS (18.49%; 95%CI: 8.19 to 28.76, l2% = 95.4, p < 0.001) and SARS (10.86%; 95%CI: 6.02 to 15.71, l2% = 85.7, p < 0.001) with the overall case fatality rates of 29.86 (95%CI: 29.97 to 48.58, l2% = 99.0, p < 0.001). Bat‐originated viruses have caused several outbreaks of deadly diseases, including Nipah, Ebola, SARS and MERS in Asia and Africa in a sequential fashion. Nipah virus emerged first in Malaysia, but later, periodic outbreaks were noticed in Bangladesh and India. Similarly, the Ebola virus was detected in the African continent with neurological disorders in humans, like Nipah, seen in the Asian region. Two important coronaviruses, MERS and SARS, were introduced, both with the potential to infect respiratory passages. This paper explores the dimension of spillover events within and/or between bat–human and the epidemiological risk factors, which may lead to another pandemic occurring. Further, these processes enhance the bat‐originated virus, which utilises an intermediate host to jump into human species.
Connecting hunt outcomes to the demographics, behaviors, and experiences of wild turkey hunters in Mississippi
Authors: Butler Adam B. , Wang Guiming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability to evaluate population trends through time is essential to successful conservation of wildlife. Directly estimating abundance of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is difficult, with few practical options for wide‐scale population monitoring. As a result, managers often rely on abundance indices derived from hunter harvest. Catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) is a commonly used metric which standardizes harvest totals and has been shown to track turkey abundance, but its use is predicated on an assumption of spatially and temporally consistent hunter efficiency. From 2015–2018, we surveyed avid turkey hunters in Mississippi to evaluate mechanisms driving harvest efficiency. We questioned each hunter about their demographics and behaviors, collected observations from their hunts, and used 2‐stage hurdle models to relate these variables to individual CPUE. Hunter attributes had variable effects on hunt outcomes. Hunter age had a significant positive effect on the probability of harvesting at least one turkey (an approximate 2% gain in success per year of age) yet was only weakly associated with CPUE of successful hunters. When considering only successful hunters, the percentage of hunts in which a turkey was heard, and the standardized index of total turkey observations were related to CPUE. Additionally, we determined the tendency for hunters to miss a turkey during the hunting season decreased with increasing hunter age. Our results indicate individual characteristics subject to temporal change play a role in determining CPUE and thereby have the potential to mask trends in abundance derived from CPUE data. Moreover, evidence suggested relative hunter efficiency was amplified when turkey encounters were fewer. Collectively, our results urge caution in use of CPUE as a surrogate for abundance estimates.
Significance of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson Sutterby nanofluid due to a rotating cone with bioconvection and anisotropic slip
Authors: Abdal Sohaib , Siddique Imran , Din Irfan Saif Ud , Ahmadian Ali , Hussain Sajjad , Salimi Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe thermal transmission outcomes of Williamson Sutterby nanofluids owing to spinning cone with gyrotactic micro‐organisms such as self‐motivated microbes along with anisotropic slip conditions are probed in this article. The axi‐symmetric, unstable three‐dimensional stream of fluids is swayed by magnetic and buoyancy forces. Utilizing appropriate similarity variables, the leading partial differential formulation for velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile density of nanofluids are altered into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and these equations together with boundary constraints are resolved by computational code for Runga–Kutta method in MATLAB platform. A concise computational strategy is made by altering the inputs of influential factors. Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and motile density number are also computed and listed in tables. As the magnitudes of the slip parameters expand, the Nusselt number, and Sherwood number decline. The velocity along the x‐axis and the concentration variations amplify as the u‐velocity slip and solutal slip parameters are boosted. The temperature profile goes down for boosted values of A and . The fluids temperature distribution enhances directly with thermophoretic effect and Brownian motion of nano‐entities.
Advances in Organic Chemistry, Catalysis, and the Chemical Industry
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs we saw in the last section, the modern understanding of chemistry began in the second half of the eighteenth century with the advances of Antoine Lavoisier and others, and further contributions from John Dalton and Jöns Jacob Berzelius in the early 1800s. This period saw the emergence of organic chemistry, which, with the help of new conceptual and experimental tools, established itself as a discipline separate from inorganic chemistry over the next half century. The researchers of this period encountered considerable confusion due to the complexities and behavior of organic structures. Aided by increasingly accurate elementary analysis, they nevertheless made significant advances based on the empirical studies of structure chemistry. While these developments, along with other factors, helped the chemical and dye industries make large strides in chemical synthesis, the conceptual and experimental tools did not supply sufficient understanding of chemical systems to enable ammonia synthesis from the elements. Here we will focus on two developments that illustrate the experimentally-based approach to organic chemistry in the 1800s in order to frame the conceptual leap in physical chemistry toward the end of the century that led to Fritz Haber’s breakthrough.
Methodologische Grundlegung und methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Kapitel wird aufgezeigt, wie die konventionentheoretische Perspektive an das Datenmaterial herangetragen wurde, d. h. mit welchen Forschungsstrategien die theoretisch formulierten Forschungsfragen methodisch erhoben wurden. Ausserdem wird das Forschungsdesign (kantonale Fallstudien) begründet, die Datenbasis vorgestellt sowie die Methoden der Datenerhebung und -auswertung beschrieben.
Fragmentation functions for gluon into Bc or $$ {B}_c^{\ast } $$ meson
Authors: Zheng Xu-Chang , Chang Chao-Hsi , Wu Xing-Gang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for g → Bc and g → $$ {B}_c^{\ast } $$

B
c
∗

. The ultraviolet divergences in the calculation are removed through the renormalization of the operator definition of the fragmentation functions under the modified minimal subtrac- tion scheme. We then obtain the fragmentation functions $$ {D}_{g\to {B}_c} $$

D

g
→

B
c

(z, μF) and $$ {D}_{g\to {B}_c^{\ast }} $$

D

g
→

B
c
∗

(z, μF), which are presented as figures and fitting functions. The obtained fragmentation functions are complementary to the previous work on the next-to-leading order fragmentation functions for $$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

→ Bc($$ {B}_c^{\ast } $$

B
c
∗

) and c → Bc($$ {B}_c^{\ast } $$

B
c
∗

).
Relating the Outer-Independent Total Roman Domination Number with Some Classical Parameters of Graphs
Authors: Cabrera Martínez Abel , Kuziak Dorota , Yero Ismael G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor a given graph G without isolated vertex we consider a function $$f: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$$

f
:
V
(
G
)
→
{
0
,
1
,
2
}

. For every $$i\in \{0,1,2\}$$

i
∈
{
0
,
1
,
2
}

, let $$V_i=\{v\in V(G):\; f(v)=i\}$$

V
i

=

{
v
∈
V

(
G
)

:

f

(
v
)

=
i
}

. The function f is known to be an outer-independent total Roman dominating function for the graph G if it is satisfied that; (i) every vertex in $$V_0$$

V
0

is adjacent to at least one vertex in $$V_2$$

V
2

; (ii) $$V_0$$

V
0

is an independent set; and (iii) the subgraph induced by $$V_1\cup V_2$$

V
1

∪

V
2

has no isolated vertex. The minimum possible weight $$\omega (f)=\sum _{v\in V(G)}f(v)$$

ω

(
f
)

=

∑

v
∈
V
(
G
)

f

(
v
)

among all outer-independent total Roman dominating functions for G is called the outer-independent total Roman domination number of G. In this article we obtain new tight bounds for this parameter that improve some well-known results. Such bounds can also be seen as relationships between this parameter and several other classical parameters in graph theory like the domination, total domination, Roman domination, independence, and vertex cover numbers. In addition, we compute the outer-independent total Roman domination number of Sierpiński graphs, circulant graphs, and the Cartesian and direct products of complete graphs.
Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases at the host–virus interphase
Authors: Lüscher Bernhard , Verheirstraeten Maud , Krieg Sarah , Korn Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe innate immune system, the primary defense mechanism of higher organisms against pathogens including viruses, senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In response to PAMPs, interferons (IFNs) are produced, allowing the host to react swiftly to viral infection. In turn the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is induced. Their products disseminate the antiviral response. Among the ISGs conserved in many species are those encoding mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs). This prompts the question whether, and if so how, mono-ADP-ribosylation affects viral propagation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases function as PAMP receptors and modify both host and viral proteins relevant for viral replication. Support for mono-ADP-ribosylation in virus–host interaction stems from the findings that some viruses encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases, which antagonize cellular mono-ARTs. We summarize and discuss the evidence linking mono-ADP-ribosylation and the enzymes relevant to catalyze this reversible modification with the innate immune response as part of the arms race between host and viruses.
The Global Experiment: How the International Atomic Energy Agency Proved Dosimetry to Be a Techno-Diplomatic Issue
Authors: Rentetzi Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper draws attention to the role of the IAEA in shaping radiation dosimetry practices, instrumentation, and standards in the late 1950s and 1960s. It traces the beginnings of the IAEA’s radiation dose intercomparison program which targeted all member states and involved the WHO so as to standardize dosimetry on a global level. To standardize dosimetric measurement methods, techniques, and instruments, however, one had to devise a method of comparing absorbed dose measurements in one laboratory with those performed in others with a high degree of accuracy. In 1964 the IAEA thus started to build up what I call the “global experiment,” an intercomparison of radiation doses with participating laboratories from many of its member states. To carry out the process of worldwide standardization in radiation dosimetry, I argue, an organization with the diplomatic power and global reach of the IAEA was absolutely necessary. Thus, “global experiment” indicates a novel understanding of the experimental process. What counts as an experiment became governed by a process that was designed and strictly regulated by an international organization; it took place simultaneously in several laboratories across the globe, while experimental data became centrally owned and alienated from those that produced it.
Comparison of continuum damage models for nonlinear finite element analysis of timber under tension in parallel and perpendicular to grain directions
Authors: Rahman Shaikh Atikur , Ashraf Mahmud , Subhani Mahbube , Reiner Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA reliable and efficient numerical modelling technique is essential to investigate the behaviour of timber and engineered timber products to promote their widespread use in construction. Wood is an anisotropic material and hence its mechanical properties largely depend on grain direction and type of loading i.e., material behaves differently under compression and tension. Material responses under tension parallel and perpendicular to the grain directions have been reported in the literature but the relevant progressive fracture behaviour has been ignored in typical numerical simulations, due to the complexities and uncertainties around modelling as well as lack of reliable test data. Fracture characteristics play a significant role in analysing crack initiation, propagation, and failure modes of timber so that its full potential can be utilised by knowing the post-elastic behaviour. This paper applies and compares four continuum damage mechanics based constitutive material models (MAT-22, MAT54/55, MAT-143 and MAT-261) available in the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA for simulating the post-elastic behaviour of general timber lamella products. Timber was modelled as both orthotropic and transversely isotropic material to simulate the fracture behaviour in tensile load cases. It is shown that the predicted fracture properties correlate well with experimental data. It was observed that all considered built-in continuum damage models in LS-DYNA are able to simulate the elastic response, but MAT-261, which was originally developed for modelling fibre reinforced composite materials, provides a simple yet reliable option for simulating fracture behaviour of timber.