bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the Continuum Intensities on the Magnetic Fields at Different Evolution Phases of Sunspots
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Zhang Li , Yan Xiaoli , Norton Aimee A. , Wang Jingcheng , Yang Liheng , Xue Zhike , Kong Defang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the continuum intensities and magnetic fields for stable and decaying sunspots is analyzed using the scattered-light-corrected data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. From our analysis, the main differences between stable and decaying sunspots are as follows. In the continuum intensity range from 0.35I
qs to 0.65I
qs, where I
qs is the continuum intensity of the quiet solar surface, the relationship between continuum intensity and transverse magnetic field and the relationship between continuum intensity and inclination display a much higher scatter during the decaying phase of the sunspots. During and after the formation of the light bridge, the scatter plots show a bifurcation that indicates that the two umbrae separated by the light bridge have different thermodynamic properties. The continuum intensity of the umbra in a decaying sunspot is brighter than that of the stable sunspot, indicating that the temperatures in the umbra of decaying sunspots are higher. Furthermore, our results show that the mean continuum intensity of the umbra gradually increases during the decay of the sunspot, but the mean continuum intensity of the penumbra remains constant. Simultaneously, the vertical and transverse magnetic field strengths in the umbra gradually decrease, and the vertical magnetic field strengths in the penumbra gradually increase. The changes in the umbra occur earlier than the changes in the penumbra of the decaying sunspot, suggesting that the umbral and penumbral decay may be an interdependent process during the decay of the sunspot.
Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov., a new species of Perlodinella Klapálek (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) from the central area of China
Authors: Chen Zhi-Teng , Xu Yi-Yang , Shen Zi-Hao 
Published: August 2022

Perlodinella Klapálek, 1912 is a small stonefly genus in the Palearctic areas of China and its biodiversity is underestimated.
This paper reports a new species of Perlodinella, Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov. in the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park of Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province, central China. The description and illustrations of the new species are provided, based on male adults, female adults and eggs. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of male and female genitalia and the egg structure.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism for Gastric Cancer Based on Competitive Endogenous RNA Network
Authors: Wu Hong-Jin , Dai Wei-Wei , Wang Li-Bo , Zhang Jie , Wang Cheng-Long 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To explore the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) and to predict the prognosis of GC.

Materials and Methods:
Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas platform. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) were screened to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on the ceRNA network-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Next, the DERNAs were subjected to Cox regression and survival analyses to identify crucial prognostic factors for patients with GC.

Results:
We detected 1029 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 104 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 1659 DEmRNAs in patients with GC. Next, we performed bioinformatic analysis to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, which included 10 miRNAs, 65 lncRNAs, and 10 mRNAs. Subsequently, KaplanMeier (K-M) analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group, and the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the polygenic model had good predictive ability. The results indicated that ADAMTS9-AS1, ATAD2, and CADM2 might be potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for GC.

Conclusions:
Our study has implications for predicting prognosis and monitoring surveillance of GC and provides a new theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prognosis of GC.
Impact of teleconsultation on visual and refractive outcomes in patients undergoing laser refractive surgery during COVID-19
Authors: Singh Vivek M , Akkulugari Vidhyadhar , Reddy Jagadesh C , Gogri Pratik Y , Vaddavalli Pravin Krishna 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To assess the role of remote teleconsultation (TC) follow-up care following a successful and uneventful laser vision correction.

Methods:
The study is a retrospective, comparative analysis of patients undergoing laser vision correction at tertiary care eye hospital in Southern India. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group included patients operated on before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and were followed up with physical consultations during their follow-up visit (Group 1). The second group comprised patients operated on during the pandemic and had at least one remote TC during their post-operative follow-up (Group 2).

Results:
A total of 1088 eyes of 564 patients and 717 eyes of 372 patients were included in Group 1 and 2, respectively. The mean number of visits for the patients from Group 2 during the COVID period (2.56 +/- 0.74 days) was significantly lesser (P < 0.0001) than that of Group 1 in the pre-COVID period (3.53 +/- 1.07 days). Close to 90% of the eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 in both groups (P = 0.925). 96.50% of the eyes in Group 1 and 98.18% of the eyes in Group 2 achieved UCVA 20/25 or better (P = 0.049). Eight eyes (0.73%) in Group 1 and one eye (0.14%) in Group 2 reported a loss of 2 or more lines. However, the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.156). None of the groups had any patients who had a sight-threatening complication.

Conclusion:
Remote TC following refractive surgery is safe and can be effectively integrated into routine refractive practice to reduce travel to the hospital for a physical consult.
Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey
Authors: Gupta Noopur , Vashist Praveen , Senjam Suraj S , Gupta Vivek , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Manna Souvik , Grover Sumit , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Methods:
Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1–9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization’s simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level.

Results:
A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01–0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6–2.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01–1.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8–28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was ≥0.2%.

Conclusion:
TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India.
Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus during COVID-19-related lockdown in India
Authors: Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Chaudhary Sameer , Sen Sagnik , Shanmugam Maheshkumar , Narayanamoorthy Jayasri K , Jain Shreya , Sundar Balagiri 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a huge impact on the health care system. Diversion of health care workforce toward management of a high number of COVID-19 cases and lockdown restrictions have affected the follow-up of patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this situation on the control of diabetes, eventually resulting in related neuro-ophthalmological complications.

Methods:
This retrospective case series included diabetic patients visiting the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at a tertiary care eye center in India from 25 March 2020 to 25 September 2020 during the lockdown. The incidence of diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmological complications, including third, fourth, sixth nerve palsies and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was evaluated and compared with that of the same period during 2019.

Results:
Overall disease incidence rate was significantly higher in the year 2020 (60.2%) compared to the previous year of 2019 (29.8%). The proportion of third nerve palsy (4.8% vs 16.3%, P < 0.001) and NAION (0.3% vs 14.3%, P < 0.001) had increased. Even though the percentage of sixth nerve palsy was 25% in 2020, this was not significantly different from 2019. There was a reduction in the percentage of fourth nerve palsy cases from the year 2019 to 2020.

Conclusion:
There was a significant increase in diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmic complications during the COVID-19 lockdown. This can possibly be attributed to worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Management of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube exposure after scleral patch graft shrinkage
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) is an useful modality in the management of medically refractory glaucoma. Human donor scleral patch graft (SPG) can be employed to cover the external portion of the tube to prevent its exposure and associated sight-threatening complication.

Purpose:
To report the management of a case of AGV tube exposure due to SPG shrinkage in the right eye (RE) of a patient.

Synopsis:
Under peribulbar anesthesia, the conjunctiva is undermined posteriorly, on either side of the exposed tube. The AGV tube is noted to lay firmly against the sclera without any excessive movement. The shrunk and displaced SPG is excised, and a larger, 6 × 8 mm, full-thickness, human donor SPG is placed on the episcleral bed, over the exposed segment of the tube, to ensure its adequate coverage. The SPG is sutured with four interrupted, 10-0 nylon sutures. The SPG is adequately covered with conjunctiva, by conjunctival mobilization and advancement to avoid excessive tension over the tube and closed with interrupted, 8-0 Vicryl suture.

Highlights:
SPG shrinkage and overlying conjunctival erosion can occur after AGV implantation. This can cause AGV tube exposure, which can be managed by donor SPG to cover the exposed tube.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/36Y0n22SxPU

Key words: AGV, scleral patch graft, tube exposure
Correlation of parental and childhood myopia in children aged 5–16 years in North India
Authors: Rathi Manisha , Chhabra Sargam , Sachdeva Sumit , Rustagi Inder M , Soni Dixit , Dhania Sweety 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of parental and childhood myopia among school children aged 5–16 years in North India.

Methods:
This study included a total of 1400 children aged 5–16 years in a district in North India. Visual acuity was measured using a Snellen’s chart. Children with myopia after retinoscopy were worked up in detail in our institute and a history of parental myopia was taken.

Results:
A total of 1400 students studying in class 5–10, aged between 5 and 16 years, were screened. A total of 487 students had myopia. Of the 487 myopes, 220 (45.2%) had parental myopia, of which 115 (30.1%) had myopia in both parents, 64 (19.3%) had mothers with myopia, and 41 (13.3%) had fathers with myopia. The prevalence of paternal (P = 0.001) and maternal (P = 0.002) myopia in myopes compared to parental myopia in emmetropes was found to be highly significant. There was a highly significant statistical correlation between maternal myopia and myopia in the child, when compared to the presence of myopia in both the parents (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia in the parents and children, which was more significant in the mothers of the children.
Inside-out and outside-in: Tips and tricks in posterior lenticonus
Authors: Chattannavar Goura , Kekunnaya Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Posterior lenticonus is a congenital condition characterized by the thinning and bowing of posterior lenticular capsule. Cataract develops when normal intra-lenticular pressure bulges the posterior capsule at the circumscribed portion of inherent thin posterior lens capsule, leading to derangement of lamellar lens fibers. This condition poses a surgical challenge as the presentation varies from thin, bulging posterior capsule to large, pre-existing posterior capsular dehiscence.

Purpose:
This video highlights the tips for the surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus.

Synopsis:
In this video, tips for surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus are illustrated. Intraoperatively, ruptured posterior capsule is suspected by the presence of a fish-tail sign. The anterior capsulotomy is relatively easier in a flatter anterior lens capsule, owing to reduced intra-lenticular pressure. Hydro-dissection is avoided to prevent extension of pre-existing posterior capsular dehiscence or creation of rupture in a thinned-out capsule. The peripheral lens cortex aspiration is initiated first, followed by in each quadrant. In a presence of ruptured posterior capsule by vigilant inspection at this stage, the surgeon should change the direction of lens matter aspiration by aspirating the central lenticular matter first, followed by peripheral cortex like “inside-out”. In absence of posterior capsule dehiscence, peripheral cortex is aspira-ted first, followed by central lens matter aspiration like “outside-in”. Adequate anterior vitrectomy is performed until there are no vitreous tags.

Highlights:
In the presence of pre-existing posterior capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the center (inside-out), whereas in the absence of capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the periphery (outside-in).

Online Video link:

https://youtu.be/8G6BCbFwr8Q

Key words: Cataract surgery, posterior lenticonus, surgical techniques
Twofold technique for iridodialysis repair
Authors: Narang Priya , Agarwal Amar , Narang Rhea 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Disinsertion of iris leads to debilitating sequelae like diplopia and glare. Hence, iridodialysis repair is essential to optimize the visual quality. Iris base repair often leads to corectopia that necessitates an additional procedure to optimize the pupil shape and size. Twofold technique helps to achieve both the aspects.

Purpose:
To highlight the technique of twofold iridodialysis repair.

Synopsis:
The video highlights the method of twofold iridodialysis repair, wherein nonappositional repair is followed by single-pass four-throw (SFT) pupilloplasty that allows adequate closure of varied degrees of iridodialysis along with centration of eccentric pupil.

Highlights:
The twofold technique is a combination of nonappositional iris repair and SFT procedure. It can be clinically applied in all cases of iridodialysis with varied degrees of severity.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/OncBdz2UIBY

Key words: Twofold, iris repair, iridodialysis, nonappositional repair, pupilloplasty, SFT, single pass four throw, Category – innovation
Gallbladder Polyps
Authors: Bhatwal Aaditya , Bavikatte Akshay , Dhar Puneet 
Published: August 2022

Background:
With better imaging technologies, the frequency of detecting GB polyps has increased, however, their effective management remains a clinical dilemma.

Aims:
This study was aimed to assess the true outcome of lesions suspected or diagnosed as gallbladder (GB) ‘polyp’ on ultrasound.

Patients and Methods:
Computerised hospital-based medical records between June 2008 and June 2014 at a medical sciences institute in Kerala were accessed to identify and review the follow-up of all cases identified as GB polyp on ultrasound.

Results:
Ultrasound examination was performed in 108 cases. Of these 46% had symptoms suggestive of gall bladder disease, 20% had nonspecific abdominal symptoms and for the remaining 34% it was part of routine health check-up. The mean polyp size was 4.7 mm. During follow-up, 20 (18.5%) patients underwent cholecystectomy and none of them came as true polyps on histopathology, 25 (23%) patients were lost to follow-up after primary ultrasonography and 10 (9.25%) patients died due to reasons unrelated to GB disease.

Conclusion:
Radiologists tend to over diagnose GB polyps due to the risk of malignant transformation of GB polyps and increased usage of imaging modalities. It is observed in this study that higher imaging modalities do not add significant specificity in the diagnosis of the true polyp. However, there is a need for a large cohort study to confirm the outcome.
Assessment of the Balloon Dilation Efficiency in Bladder Neck Contracture after Transurethral Interventions on the Prostate
Authors: Abbosov Shukhrat Anvarovich , Sorokin Nikolay Ivanovich , Shomarufov Azizbek Bakhodirovich , Kadrev Aleksey Viktorovich , Vitalevich Mikheev Konstantin , Fozilov Abdukodir Abdukahharovich , Nadjimitdinov Yalkin Saidovich , Alexsandrovich Ohobotov Dmitri , Giyasov Shukhrat Iskandarovich , Mukhtarov Shukhrat Tursunovich , Akilov Farkhad Ataullaevich , Kamalov Armais Albertovich 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim was to assess the results of balloon dilation in patients with bladder neck contracture (BNC) after endoscopic surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods:
The study involved 120 patients with recurrent BNC after transurethral interventions for BPH. All patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder neck and were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 45) included men who, after TUR, additionally underwent repeated balloon dilation, whereas the control group B (n = 75) included men who were treated with alpha-blockers alone.

Results:
In 9 months after TUR and 3 months after the 4th balloon dilation procedure in Group A, the mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) decreased from 20.1 ± 8.4 to 17.2 ± 7.4, and the IPSS-quality of life was 4.2 ± 1.2 (P > 0.05). In Group B, they were 21.7 ± 7.7 and 4.7 ± 1.1 (P > 0.05), respectively. In addition, the mean flow rate in Group A was 13.2 ± 5.4 ml/s, whereas in Group B, it was 8.7 ± 4.9 ml/s (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the postvoid residual urine volume from 76.2 ± 96.1 ml to 37.6 ± 55.1 ml in Group A, whereas, in Group B, it increased from 63.0 ± 36.9 ml to 79.4 ± 71.6 ml (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 28.0% of patients of Group B and 13.3% of patients of Group A underwent repeated TUR of the bladder neck in 9 months follow-up period (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Balloon dilation is a safe less invasive procedure and can reduce the possibility of BNC recurrence and thus the rate of repeated transurethral interventions.
Shifting Paradigm of Urology Residency after the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Wisda Kusuma A. H. , Danarto Raden , Ndraha Khairindra Adryan Kalya 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic in March 2020. Nations around the world enact prevention measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, massive testing, and tracing policies. Prevention measures against the pandemic may result in less opportunities for urology residents to learn. This study aims to investigate the difference in urology residency in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This research is a cross-sectional study. Authors analyzed 147 urology residents across five urology education centers in Indonesia who fulfilled a self-administered online questionnaire. Participants were asked about their objective and subjective experience regarding urology residency, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Change in urology education paradigm in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic is agreed upon by 95.91% participants, 57.82% thinks it brings negative causes negative consequences. Anxiety toward competence level is felt by 70.06% of participants. Reduced opportunities to learn, especially surgical skills may lead to this result. Overall mental health condition of participants does not significantly change. Multiple factors may contribute to this result.

Conclusion:
As changes and adaptations are inevitable, more attention should be brought to residents' competence level while maintaining COVID-19 prevention protocol. This is the first nationwide survey showing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology education system in Indonesia. Authors suggest a larg-scale study, with more detailed questionnaire to further elaborate the causes and effects of each variable observed.
Makerere University-Uganda Heart Institute collaborative cardiovascular disease training and research since 1988
Authors: Okello Emmy , Ssemogerere Lameck , Ssinabulya Isaac , Kayima James , Nakanjako Damalie , Sebatta Elias , Lubega Sulaiman , Oketcho Michael , Mwambu Tom , Lwabi Peter , Mijumbi Cephas , Omagino John 
Published: August 2022

Background: Makerere University College of Health Sciences has been collaborating with the Uganda Heart Institute to build capacity for research, training and clinical care in cardiovascular medicine for the last 34 years to appropriately respond to rising societal needs for advanced cardiovascular care which was lacking before this period.
Aim: To describe the major milestones in the MakCHS-UHI cardiovascular training collaboration and chart way for future collaborations.
Method: This short communication highlights some of the salient features and important milestones in the collaboration journey of the two institutions.
Conclusion: Clinical centres of excellence in specialised fields of health care, such as the Uganda Heart Institute for Cardiology, provide a conducive academic environment for MakCHS clinical scientists to provide high quality evidence-based care to meet societal needs.
Keywords: Cardiovascular research; Uganda Heart Institute; Makerere University College of Health Sciences; Cardiology training.