bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and the blurring boundaries of work in the era of telework—A longitudinal study
Authors: Karjalainen Mira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal study analyses gender and the blurring boundaries of work during prolonged telework, utilising data gathered during the different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The pandemic caused a major change in the knowledge work sector, which has characteristically been more prone to work leaking into other parts of life. The study examines the blurring boundaries of telework: between time and place, care and housework, and emotional, social, spiritual and aesthetic labour. The experiences of different genders regarding the blurring boundaries of work during long‐term telework are scrutinised using a mixed methods approach, analysing two surveys (Autumn 2020:N = 87, and Autumn 2021:N = 94) conducted longitudinally in a consulting company operating in Finland. There were several gendered differences in the reported forms of labour, which contribute to the blurring boundaries of work. Some boundary blurring remained the same during the study, while some fluctuated. The study also showed how the gendered practices around the blurring boundaries of work transformed during prolonged telework. Blurring boundaries of work and attempts to establish boundaries became partially gendered, as gender and life situation were reflected in knowledge workers' experiences of teleworking.
Influence of the Anatomical Structure on the Hemodynamics of Iliac Vein Stenosis
Authors: Changsheng Li , Haiquan Feng , Kun Wang , Xiaotian Wang , Yonggang Wang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Few reports study the effects of the anatomical structure of the iliac vein on hemodynamics and the methods to reduce and delay in-stent thrombosis. The anatomical structure of iliac vein stenosis was used to establish vascular models with different stenosis rates, taper angle, and left branch tilt angle in the work. The influence of anatomical structure on hemodynamics was revealed through theoretical research and in vitro experimental verification. A real iliac vein model was built based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images, and hemorheological parameters including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that iliac vein stenosis could significantly increase the wall shear stress (WSS) of the blood vessels at the stenosis site and outside the intersection area, which was easy to produce eddy currents in the distal blood vessels. With the increased taper angle, the proportion of low-wall shear stress areas and the risk of thrombosis increased. A small tilt angle could aggravate the influence of narrow blood vessels on the blood flow characteristics and vascular wall. The numerical simulation results were consistent with the theoretical research results, and the experimental study verified the correctness of the simulation. The work is helpful to further understand the hemodynamic characteristics of the iliac vein, providing a scientific reference for clinical treatment and diagnosis.
Insect Wing Buckling Influences Stress and Stability During Collisions
Authors: Jankauski Mark , Schwab Ryan , Casey Cailin , Mountcastle Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flapping insect wings collide with vegetation and other obstacles during flight. Repeated collisions may irreversibly damage the insect wing, thereby compromising the insect's ability to fly. Further, reaction torques caused by the collision may destabilize the insect and hinder its ability to maneuver. To mitigate the adverse effects of impact, some insect wings are equipped with a flexible joint called a “costal break.” The costal break buckles once it exceeds a critical angle, which is believed to improve flight stability and prevent irreversible wing damage. However, to our knowledge, there are no models to predict the dynamics of the costal break. Through this research, we develop a simple model of an insect wing with a costal break. The wing was modeled as two beams interconnected by a torsional spring, where the stiffness of the torsional spring instantaneously decreases once it has exceeded a critical angle. We conducted a series of static tests to approximate model parameters. Then, we used numerical simulation to estimate the reaction moments, angular impulse, and peak stresses experienced by the wing during a collision. When evaluated over the duration of an external load, we found that buckling could reduce reaction moments and angular impulse up to 82% and 99%, respectively, compared to a homogeneous wing. This suggests the costal break can enhance flight stability. On the other hand, buckling maximally increased peak stresses two times compared to a homogeneous wing, indicating the costal break does not reduce likelihood of damage under the simplified loading considered.
Consistent Strain-Based Multifidelity Modeling for Geometrically Nonlinear Beam Structures
Authors: Otsuka Keisuke , Wang Yinan , Fujita Koji , Nagai Hiroki , Makihara Kanjuro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conventional multifidelity modeling for slender structures such as folding-wing aircraft and offshore wind turbines does not allow the generation of multiple fidelity models that consistently use the same external force model, which complicates simulation program and design process. Although consistent absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF)-based multifidelity modeling was recently proposed to address this inconsistency, it still has the following four problems: (1) a large number of generalized coordinates, (2) a large number of Lagrange multipliers, (3) difficulty in constraining high-frequency axial deformation, and (4) a lack of lower-fidelity models. The lower-fidelity models that have not yet been developed are torsion-only beam, extension-only truss, and bending-only beam models. The objective of this study was to develop a novel consistent strain-based multifidelity modeling framework that addresses these problems by leveraging new vector–strain transformations from ANCF to the strain-based beam formulation. We employed a hydrodynamic force model based on Morison's equation as an example to demonstrate all fidelity models obtained from the proposed strain-based framework consistently use the same external force model. We conducted five simulations to verify the proposed models. The consistent external force model for the hydrodynamic force was then validated by comparison with experimental data. The simulation results concurred with those of conventional models and experiments. Low-fidelity models exhibited over 98% reduction in calculation time compared to high-fidelity models, which helps in conceptual and initial designs that require a large number of parametric simulations.
Designing of a Field Shaper for Electromagnetic Crimping of Multi-Tube-Tube and Multi-Tube-Rod in Single Discharge Energy
Authors: Rajak Ashish , Vivek Anupam , Daehn Glenn S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper designed a unique field shaper, which can crimp multiple end tubes in single discharge energy. This design will surely provide an advantage of crimping different diameter tube-tube-tube and tube-tube-rod in single discharge energy. The design of the field shaper not only shows the feasibility of the multi-tube-tube and multi-tube-rod crimping for different electrical and fluid transfer applications but also explores the idea that multi-joining is also possible if carried out at the correct machine and tool parameters. The feasibility of the new process was proven by doing numerical analysis using the electromagnetic (EM) module of the ls-dyna software. Discussions on variables like current density, magnetic field, effective stress, impact velocity, and slit change are carried out. The work was validated using the tube deformation, the cross-sectional analysis of the crimped samples, and the impact velocity of the flyer tube that was measured using the PDV system. Post-processing of the samples was also carried out like a pull-out test, which justifies the numerical data interpreted. Some new important observation of the pressure waves generated during the process is discussed. Those intense pressure waves still exist after the peak current value is achieved during the current first cycle. As predicted, it may also be one of the reasons affecting the lifecycle of the field shaper. The design of the field shaper will provide a unique method for carrying out the multiple samples crimping in the single discharge energy and enhancing the production rate.
A Turbo-Oriented Data-Driven Modification to the Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model
Authors: He Xiao , Zhao Fanzhou , Vahdati Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is one of the most popular models applied to compressors, but it often over-predicts blockage size and hence under-predicts the stall margin. In this paper, a novel modification to the SA model is proposed to improve the prediction of compressor near-stall flows. The modification is based on the dimensionless vortical pressure gradient, which identifies blockage cells featured by 3D swirling, adverse pressure gradient, and low-momentum flows. It unblocks the compressor passage by enhancing the eddy viscosity in the identified blockage cells; whereas in canonical 2D flows the modification is automatically switched off. The model coefficients are calibrated via Bayesian inference, which considers the uncertainties involved in experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbomachinery. The rotor exit radial profile data of NASA Rotor 67 at peak-efficiency and near-stall points are used for calibration. The calibrated model is tested extensively in four compressors covering both tip blockage and corner separation as well as both industrial and laboratory Reynolds number and Mach number. For the NASA Rotor 67 and the TUDa-GLR-OpenStage, the proposed model predicts more accurate stall margins at all operating speeds due to the tip unblocking effect. For the BUAA Stage B rotor, the proposed model predicts the tip blockage size and thus the stall margin more accurately. For the LMFA NACA65 cascade, the proposed model with the quadratic constitutive relation (QCR) achieves significant improvement in predicting the exit profiles due to the unblocking effect on the corner separation. The proposed model, termed as SA-PGω in this work, is a promising engineering tool for future Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of compressor near-stall flows.
Extending Highly Loaded Axial Fan Operability Range Through Novel Blade Design
Authors: Lopez Diego I. , Ghisu Tiziano , Kipouros Timoleon , Shahpar Shahrokh , Wilson Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe tip clearance size has historically been considered to be the main factor affecting stability range in axial fan and compressors. This paper reveals that the stall characteristics are defined by the axial momentum flux of the tip leakage flow and that tip clearance is primarily a strong driver for this metric. A bespoke methodology for carefully tailoring the axial momentum via three-dimensional design is presented, which enables a higher degree of control over the stability range for cases where the tip clearance responds to other considerations and cannot be defined for this purpose. The effect of the axial momentum on efficiency is also addressed and the trade-off between operability range and design point performance is derived. The results show that the conditions for optimal stability differ from those for optimal efficiency and that control over the axial momentum enables tuning the design for a desired exchange. Numerical simulations have been employed to drive the analysis through a high-fidelity computational model whose behavior is supported by rich set of experimental data. Contrary to current belief, results further indicate that an accurate characterization of stall, including onset mechanism, can be achieved through steady-state simulations, minimizing the need for expensive time-accurate computations during the design phase.
Ancillary PanoMap OCT shows the progression of glaucomatous papillomacular bundle defect with disc haemorrhage on the fovea–disc axis
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: August 2022

Background/aimsTo identify the spatial relationship between disc haemorrhage (DH) on the fovea–disc axis and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defect in the papillomacular bundle (PMB) using ancillary PanoMap optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsWe investigated the presence and progression of spatially corresponding PMB defects in glaucomatous eyes with temporally located DH on the fovea–disc axis (FoDi-DH). We identified PMB defects using ancillary PanoMap OCT with guided progression analysis, in addition to red-free photographs.ResultsWe studied 36 eyes of 35 glaucoma patients with FoDi-DH, pre-existing PMB defects were observed in 18 eyes (50.0%) at the time and location of the initial FoDi-DH occurrence, 14 (38.9%) of which progressed during the follow-up period. New development of PMB defects occurred in 15 (41.7%) of 18 eyes without pre-existing PMB defects. Overall, FoDi-DH was associated with PMB defects in 33 (91.7%) eyes at locations spatially overlapping the PMB defect. Red-free photography and OCT were complementary in detecting PMB defects and progression. Among 47 cases, 20 were concordant, while 10 and 17 were detected only in photography and OCT, respectively. The central visual field defect increased significantly throughout the follow-up period (p=0.006).ConclusionMost FoDi-DH cases were related to the presence and progression of glaucomatous PMB defects at locations spatially overlapping the defect. OCT helped clarify changes in PMB defects detected by red-free photograph and the detection of photo-negative PMB defects as well. Similar to inferotemporal and superotemporal-direction DH, temporal DH on the PMB may be an indicator of ongoing RNFL damage that deserves close attention.
Clinical usefulness of layer-by-layer deviation maps of Spectralis OCT: comparison with Cirrus OCT
Authors: Choe Sooyeon , Jang Mirinae , Kim Young Kook , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook 
Published: August 2022

Background/aimsTo compare the diagnostic abilities of Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (OCT) for retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defect detection among patients with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and early glaucoma (EG).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 144 eyes (47 healthy, 43 PPG, 54 EG; MD≥−6 dB) of 144 participants underwent Spectralis and Cirrus OCT on the same day. The presence of RNFL defect on red-free RNFL photography and the respective deviation maps of Spectralis and Cirrus OCT was rated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), sensitivities and specificities were analysed for each deviation layer to discriminate healthy eyes from PPG and EG eyes.ResultsThe RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal layers of Spectralis OCT and the RNFL and macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer of Cirrus OCT showed high diagnostic performance (all AUCs >0.8) in discriminating PPG and EG eyes from healthy eyes. Among them, RNFL layer of Cirrus OCT had the largest AUC (0.840 for PPG, 0.959 for EG) but showed no statistical differences from RNFL and retinal layers of Spectralis OCT. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) of Spectralis OCT had the smallest AUC (0.563 for PPG, 0.799 for EG).ConclusionsThe Spectralis and Cirrus OCT deviation maps showed good diagnostic abilities except for the IPL layer of Spectralis. In the clinical setting, both Spectralis and Cirrus OCT can be useful for detection of RNFL defects in PPG and EG eyes.
Greenhouse gas reduction in anaesthesia practice: a departmental environmental strategy
Authors: Wyssusek Kerstin , Chan Ka Lo , Eames Gerard , Whately Yasmin 
Published: August 2022

Sustainability interventions were implemented at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) following identification of inhaled anaesthetic gases as a target for reducing medical carbon emissions. This quality improvement study assessed and evaluated the impact of sustainability interventions on the environmental and financial cost of inhaled anaesthetic gas use in order to guide future initiatives and research in reducing carbon emissions from healthcare practice.Ethical exemption was granted from the RBWH Research Ethics Committee (EX/2021/QRBW/76078). Usage (bottles) and expenditure for desflurane and sevoflurane from January 2016 to December 2021 were obtained. Global warming potential and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) were used to report environmental impact of volatile agents. Methods to estimate this were performed in Excel based on Campbell and Pierce methodology. An Environmental Protection Agency greenhouse gas equivalency calculator was used to convert CO2e to equivalent petrol carbon emissions and kilometres travelled by a typical passenger vehicle.The total number of bottles of sevoflurane and desflurane purchased between January 2016 and December 2021 decreased by 34.76% from 1991 to 1299. The number of desflurane bottles purchased decreased by 95.63% from 800 to 35 bottles. The number of sevoflurane bottles purchased increased by 6.13% from 1191 bottles to 1264 bottles. This was achieved by implementing quality improvement interventions such as staff education of desflurane-sparing practices, distribution of posters and progressive removal of desflurane from operating theatres. Total carbon emission from volatile anaesthetics equalled 2326 tonnes CO2e. Combined desflurane and sevoflurane emissions decreased by 87.88%. In 2016, desflurane made up 92.39% of the annual CO2e, which steadily decreased to 33.36% in 2021. Combined sevoflurane and desflurane usage costs decreased by 58.33%.Substantial reductions in carbon emissions from volatile anaesthetics demonstrate the significant degree to which environmentally sustainable practices have been implemented. Applying desflurane-sparing practice can heavily limit anaesthetic drug expenditure and contribution to environmental waste. This is important given the global health sector’s challenge to optimise patient outcomes in the face of global climate change crisis.
An innovative 5-Step Patient Interview approach for integrating mental healthcare into primary care centre services: a validation study
Authors: AlKhathami Abdullah Dukhail 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMental health problems are prevalent among patients seeking primary healthcare. However, traditional patient interviews often fail to identify and manage these problems. Therefore, an improved patient interview process is needed to assess and treat mental health problems in primary care settings.AimsTo assess the validity, reliability, sensitivity and specificity of a 5-Step Patient Interview approach for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems.Design and settingThis study compared a 5-Step Patient Interview approach (AlKhathami approach) with expert psychiatric interviews based on the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2020 in family practice or primary healthcare centres.MethodsA total of 760 participants from five Saudi Arabian regions were selected using a multiclustered random sample of every third patient aged ≥18 years, drawn from the clinics’ patient list.ResultsA total of 732 patients agreed to participate, with a response rate of 96.3%; 396 (54.1%) were women; the mean (Standard Deviation) age was 41.28 (14.30) years (ranging from 18 to 84 years). Mental health problems were suspected in 40% of the participants. The 5-Step Patient Interview approach was shown to be comparable to an expert interview by a psychiatrist. Moreover, it was more accurate than the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 self-administered questionnaires in screening for stress and classifying it as mild, moderate to severe or severe. Additionally, the 5-Step Patient Interview approach improved physician-patient communication by encouraging the exploration of patients’ perspectives.ConclusionsThe 5-Step Patient Interview approach is a valid, reliable tool that can aid the integration of mental healthcare into primary healthcare and family practice. Future studies should evaluate the implementation outcomes of the 5-Step Patient Interview approach.
Epithelial SOX9 drives progression and metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma by promoting immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment
Authors: Fan Yibo , Li Yuan , Yao Xiaodan , Jin Jiangkang , Scott Ailing , Liu Bovey , Wang Shan , Huo Longfei , Wang Ying , Wang Ruiping , Pool Pizzi Melissa , Ma Lang , Shao Shan , Sewastjanow-Silva Matheus , Waters Rebecca , Chatterjee Deyali , Liu Bin , Shanbhag Namita , Peng Guang , Calin George Adrian , Mazur Pawel Karol , Hanash Samir M , Ishizawa Jo , Hirata Yuki , Nagano Osamu , Wang Zhenning , Wang Linghua , Xian Wa , McKeon Frank , Ajani Jaffer A , Song Shumei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMany cancers engage embryonic genes for rapid growth and evading the immune system. SOX9 has been upregulated in many tumours, yet the role of SOX9 in mediating immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is unclear. Here, we aim to dissect the role of SOX9-mediated cancer stemness attributes and immunosuppressive microenvironment in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) for novel therapeutic discoveries.MethodsBulk RNAseq/scRNA-seq, patient-derived cells/models and extensive functional studies were used to identify the expression and functions of SOX9 and its target genes in vitro and in vivo. Immune responses were studied in PBMCs or CD45+immune cells cocultured with tumour cells with SOX9highor knockout and the KP-Luc2 syngeneic models were used for efficacy of combinations.ResultsSOX9 is one of the most upregulated SOX genes in GAC and highly expressed in primary and metastatic tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Depletion of SOX9 in patient-derived GAC cells significantly decreased cancer stemness attributes, tumour formation and metastases and consistently increased CD8+T cell responses when cocultured with PBMCs/CD45+cells from GAC patients. RNA sequencing identified the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as the top secreted molecule regulated by SOX9 in tumour cells and was enriched in malignant ascites and mediated SOX9-induced M2 macrophage repolarisation and inhibited T cell function.ConclusionEpithelial SOX9 is critical in suppressing CD8+T cell responses and modified macrophage function in GAC through the paracrine LIF factor. Cotargeting LIF/LIFR and CSF1R has great potential in targeting SOX9-mediated cancer stemness, T cell immunosuppression and metastases suggesting the novel combination therapy against advanced GAC.