bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacred places as heritage monuments and objects of tourism: geographical aspects
Authors: Grigorev Al. A. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. The study of sacred sites as geographical formations, the development of their classification, to study the emergence of the sites in question and their transformation, the study of heritage and tourism objects.Procedure and methods. The research materials were field expeditions of the author and data analysis of other specialists and travelers. The main method of research is the systematization of data, which resulted in the classification of sacred sites, their partial mapping. The comparative method made it possible to identify the connection between objects of ancient orientation and sacred sites, as well as their transformation.Results. The definition of sacred places (also revered places, shrines) is proposed, the role of the spiritual component in their allocation is emphasized. The classification of revered places has been carried out, religious (holy) places and sacred places of culture have been identified. All revered places are also divided into natural and natural-man-made (in which the dominant man-made part is inseparable from the natural, from the place where it originated). Local, regional, national, and finally world-wide are distinguished by their significance and fame among the sacred places. Young and ancient shrines also differ. The appearance of sacred places took place in notable (non-ordinary) places. It was they who became landmarks, without which safe life was impossible. It is shown that the transformation of ancient sacred places took place over time. New sacred places most often arose in place of the old ones, and the latter were sometimes completely destroyed and sometimes not inherited.Research implications. A systematic assessment of sacred sites has been carried out. It is shown that the majority of sacred sites become sacred after they are used to orientate in space and time as a prerequisite for safe living.
Biotransformation of xenobiotics by molluscs (Mollusca L., 1758) – indicators of aquatic ecosystem pollution
Authors: Shchelkanov E.  M. , Tishina E.  A. , Manukov Yu. I. , Saprykin V.  P. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. To describe the general scheme of molecular interactions underlying the biotransformation of xenobiotics in mollusks on the base of scientific literature data.Procedure and methods. Published data in thematic literature devoted to the study of biochemical and molecular-biological processes associated with the reaction of mollusks to xenobiotics were analyzed and summarized. Scientific publications were searched on specialized information resources: Russian Scientific Electronic Library, Russian State Library, Google Academy, National Library of Medicine, GenBank International Molecular Genetic Database.Results. There was analyzed the structure of the digestive gland (liver, or hepatopancreas) and gills – the main organs involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics in various taxonomic groups of bivalves and gastropods (containing about 98% of species of this phylum). Data on the anatomical, tissue and cellular structure of the digestive gland are presented. The NADPH-dependent and NADPH-independent oxidation of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 system and the main types of chemical reactions carried out by it (hydroxylation, oxidative deamination, nitrogen oxidation, sulfoxidation, dealkylation, epoxidation) with specific examples, the conjugation process of polarized xenobiotics with the reduced form of glutathione catalyzing by glutathione-S-transferase are described. The role of cellular organelles (lysosomes, peroxisomes, endosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum) in the biotransformation of xenobiotics by mollusks is established.Research implications. Systematized data on the process of biotransformation of xenobiotics in the body of mollusks, which makes it possible to outline goals for further study of their biochemical and molecular biological features, plan comprehensive studies using these animals to bioindicate the level of pollution of the aquatic environment, as well as outline the points of contact of educational programs of various disciplines.
Regional features of the impact of climate change on components of ecosystems of the inland seas of Europe and their coasts
Authors: Drozdov V. V. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. Establishing the degree and nature of the impact of climate change on the abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystems of the inland seas of Europe and their coasts to improve measures for rational environmental management.Procedure and methods. Correlation, cluster, spectral and regression methods were used to analyze long-term climatic, oceanological and commercial hydrobiological data.Results. It has been substantiated that an increase in the intensity of atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic leads to warming over the waters of the Baltic and White Seas and an increase in the volume of river runoff in the basins of these seas. At the same time, cooling and a decrease in river flow volumes in their basins can be expected over the waters of the Black and Azov Seas. In accordance with this, there is a change in the values of environmental factors that influence the biological productivity of marine organisms, in particular, commercial fish and their habitats: salinity and water temperature, the intensity of water exchange with adjacent sea areas and the concentration of dissolved oxygen at different depths. The role of anthropogenic influence on the productivity of demersal and pelagic commercial fish populations was assessed based on an analysis of fishing mortality values.Research implications. of the study lies in the establishment and substantiation of complex cause-and-effect relationships between the dynamics of climatic, oceanological, hydrological and biotic components of marine ecosystems.
Alpine tundras of the Southern Urals: current distribution and threat of extinction in the 21st century
Authors: Grigoriev A. A. , Shalaumova Yu. V. , Terentyeva M. V. , Vyukhin S. O. , Balakin D. S. , Moiseev P. A. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. Analysis of the current distribution of mountain tundra in the South Urals, determination and cataloging of areas occupied by mountain tundra communities to assess the possible threat of their extinction in the 21st century.Methodology. A visual search for potential locations of alpine tundra communities in the Southern Urals was conducted on satellite images from open mapping services (Yandex, Google) in maximum resolution. The principal peaks and ridges were subjected to detailed survey (Bolshoy Taganay, Urenga, Zyuratkul, Bolshaya Suka, Uvan, Zigalga, Yagodny, Mashak, Kumardak, Nary, Kuyantau, Iremel, Nurgush), and the locations of alpine tundra were identified. In a geographic information system, the obtained data were combined with a digital elevation model in order to calculate the area of alpine tundra. The species composition and the principal types of mountain tundra communities were identified through the utilisation of the route reconnaissance survey.Results. The present study demonstrates that alpine tundra communities are pervasive in the Southern Urals mountains, spanning latitudes between 53.7 and 55.4°N across a minimum of 37 peaks (comprising 12 mountain ranges and massifs). The largest alpine tundras in terms of area are located on the Zigalga, Nurgush ridges and the Kuyantau and Iremel massifs. These areas represent 80% of the total area of mountain tundra in the Southern Urals (at least 546 ha). The areas comprising alpine tundra, which collectively encompass less than 20 ha, are situated on the ridges of Bolshoy Taganay, Zyuratkul, Urenga, Nurgush, Yagodny, Bolshaya Suka, Nary, Mashak, Kumardak, and the individual peaks of Zigalga. The total area of alpine tundra on these ridges is estimated to be at least 140 hectares, which represents approximately 20% of the total area of all alpine tundra in the Southern Urals. A comprehensive catalogue and map of the contemporary distribution of alpine tundra in the Southern Urals have been compiled. The locations where mountain tundra has undergone a significant decline over recent decades and is likely to continue this trend in future decades have been identified.Research implications. The findings of this study can be utilized to develop models of climatogenic transformation in high-mountain ecosystems of the Southern Urals, and subsequently used to monitor their condition under a range of climate change scenarios in the future.
Classification of objects of ridicule and linguistic means of their expression in the original and translation (on the material of Qian Zhongshu “Fortress Besieged”)
Authors: Duan Xiaoli 
Published: February 2025

Aim. To develop a classification of comic objects in the Chinese satirical novel “Fortress Besieged” on the basis of scientific works of a number of Chinese and Russian literary critics and linguists, to identify the signs of objects of ridicule. To determine what people are laughing at. To consider the equivalence of the linguistic means of comic effect of the translation and the original, as well as the results of their realisation.Methodology. The main content of the study is the identification of the features of semantic, syn­tactic and pragmatic equivalence of the original text with the translated text, as well as the analysis of translation strategies. The main research methods are linguistic ones: comparative contextual analysis, component analysis; and such general scientific methods as descriptive method and clas­sification method.Results. Based on the analysis of 485 selected passages from the novel, the following classification of objects of ridicule was established: 1) comic depiction of characters: appearance, facial depiction, clothing and action, etc.; 2) comic depiction of a thing, event and phenomenon. Language means are divided into direct and indirect. Direct language means mean that the author of the original uses the word “laughter” and its derivatives to express a comic effect. Indirect language means in the original text are mainly various kinds of rhetorical tropes, including comparison, metaphor and personifica­tion, etc. Irony is also one of the most important means of achieving satirical effect.Research implications. The problem of identifying linguistic means of expressing the comic and satiri­cal in fiction is the focus of attention in the presented work. The results of the study can be used in the study of comic in intercultural and interlingual communication in the linguistic and cultural aspect.
Internet communication and “language life”: erratives as one of characteristic features of modern verbal interaction
Authors: Peshkova N. P. , Moiseeva A. V. , Titlova A. S. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the functional potential of errative units in the communicative practices of the Inter­net space for the construction of a more detailed classification and further study of erratives, includ­ing the identification and prediction of the possibilities of their functioning.Methodology. To implement the objectives of this study, the method of discourse analysis, the corpus method, the method of social-psycholinguistic experiment, the interpretative method, the method of comparison and generalization were used.Results. The analysis of modern speech practices allows us to assume that the erratives of the Inter­net language, with the exception of rude and obscene vocabulary, are a phenomenon characterized by a dual nature. The duality of the nature of erratives lies in the coexistence of their inherent nega­tive and partly positive properties, which, respectively, have a negative and positive impact, first of all, directly on Internet communication, and in the future - on communication in general.Research implications. The results obtained by the authors make a certain contribution to Internet linguistics, reveal the tendencies of the functioning of erratives in Internet communication and their influence on modern communication in general, analyze additional functions of erratives that have not been described previously.
Vertebral Body Tethering in an Adult With Lumbar Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan , Castelein Rene , Lonner Baron 
Published: February 2025

Case:
We report a case of adolescent-onset idiopathic scoliosis of the lumbar spine in a 43-year-old woman treated with nonfusion vertebral body tethering (VBT), a controversial and unreported technique in this age group. At 6-year follow-up, clinical and radiographic improvements are maintained. She continues to live an active lifestyle and reports being pain free.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate intermediate term safety and efficacy of VBT in a single adult patient. Careful ongoing assessment of this patient is needed to determine if this procedure will have a durable outcome and lend support for adequately powered prospective multicenter studies.
Anterior Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis to Correct Increased Tibial Slope in Pediatric ACL Rupture
Authors: Hansen Sofia , Korthaus Alexander , Eggeling Lena , Müller Maximilian , Meenene Norbert M , Drenck Tobias , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Akoto Ralph 
Published: February 2025

Case:
A 13-year-old adolescent boy and a 12-year-old girl, with torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and increased posterior tibial slopes (PTS) of 17° and 19°, underwent transphyseal anterior tibial hemiepiphysiodesis and ACL reconstruction using a quadriceps autograft. Epiphysiodesis plates were removed after epiphyseal closure in the girl and after 12 months in the boy. Follow-up at 12 and 15 months showed Tegner and Lysholm scores of 4 and 100, with PTS reduced to 8° and 9°. Both resumed sports without further instability.

Conclusion:
Anterior tibial hemiepiphysiodesis effectively reduced the increased PTS to physiological levels in both cases.
Significant Arterial Injury by Referencing Pin Placement in Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Meixner Stephen , Sylvestre Daniel , Sherman Robert 
Published: February 2025

Case:
The patient was a 61-year-old woman who underwent robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) for left hip osteoarthritis. Postoperatively, the patient became hypotensive, and computed tomography angiography (CTA) demonstrated a retroperitoneal hematoma with active bleeding. An iatrogenic injury to the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery from a referencing pin was identified and managed with coiling.

Conclusion:
Referencing pin placement during robotic-assisted THA introduces the risk of iatrogenic injury to the ascending branch of deep circumflex iliac artery. Avoidance of referencing pin placement near the anterior superior iliac spine can decrease the risk of this complication.
Guided Growth for Posterior Tibial Slope Correction Followed by ACL Reconstruction in an Adolescent Male
Authors: Blackman Benjamin , Sidhu Manpreet Singh , Shah Ajay , Mann Jennah , Marks Paul , Wasserstein David 
Published: February 2025

Case:
A 13-year-old adolescent boy presented with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency and prior medial meniscectomy. Radiographic evaluation revealed a posterior tibial slope (PTS) of 20°, putting him at high risk of reinjury following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Guided growth using anteriorly placed eight plates was used for 9 months, which reduced his PTS to 6°. Two months following plate removal, the patient underwent ACLR with lateral extra-articular tenodesis.

Conclusion:
This previously proposed but never reported approach suggests that guided growth is a viable option to correct excessive PTS before ACLR in skeletally immature patients.
Lyme Prosthetic Joint Infection May Be Underappreciated and Can Be Treated Without Surgery
Authors: Miller Andy O. , Carli Alberto V. , Kahlenberg Cynthia 
Published: February 2025

Case:
A 68-year-old woman with a well-functioning total knee replacement presented with signs and symptoms of acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Lyme serology and synovial fluid PCR were performed due to Borrelia burgdorferi. The patient was treated with oral doxycycline, had prompt resolution of symptoms, and remained asymptomatic 2 years later.

Conclusion:
Lyme PJI may be underappreciated as a cause of culture-negative PJI, cannot be diagnosed in routine culture, and can be cured without surgery.
Optimizing the Cutting Efficiency of Shaped Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Cutters by Adjusting the Cutter Orientation
Authors: Liu Wei , Dong Hao , Wei Jiusen , Gao Deli 
Published: February 2025

Summary
While analyzing the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit kinematics and the dull bit photos, an interesting observation was noted: there was a misalignment between the pointed edge of shaped PDC cutters and the wear flat of these cutters. This misalignment meant that shaped cutters did not cut the rock with the desired pointed edge while operating under downhole conditions, thereby failing to fulfill their design purpose. To investigate the effect of this misalignment on the rock-breaking efficiency of shaped cutters, the numerical calculations were first used to predict the effective contact area between the cutter and the rock, which proved that there was indeed a misalignment between the normal line of the bit profile and the calculated effective contact area, especially for the cutters located at the nose and shoulder of the bit profile. That is, the current placement specification for PDC cutters in the drill-bit manufacturing process, aligning the pointed edge of shaped cutters with the normal line of the profile of the corresponding cutter pocket, is not appropriate and shall be further optimized.
Hence, three types of laboratory tests were designed: single-cutter cutting test, offset cutting test, and offset-rotation cutting test. The results showed that the offset cutting mode was more consistent with actual downhole cutting conditions of PDC bits, where the cutters on the rear blade just contacted part of the grooves created by the cutters on the front blade. The offset cutting reduced the rock-breaking efficiency, and this negative impact of offset cutting was more severe on the shaped cutters. To address this issue, this work proposed to rotate the shaped cutters by 15° from the normal line of the bit profile. The test results showed that adjusting the tip orientation can effectively improve the rock-breaking efficiency of both shaped PDC cutters and their bits. This work provides new insights into the study of the rock-breaking efficiency of shaped cutters, which can guide the optimization of bit manufacturing specifications and the development of new cutter shapes.
Rock-Breaking Mechanism and Performance of Arch-Ridged Cutters Used for PDC Bits
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yichen , Wang Xinyu , Gao Deli 
Published: February 2025

Summary
As well depths continue to increase, the drilling conditions become more complex and challenging, causing the axe-shaped and tri-ridged cutters, usually used for their good impact resistance, to face premature impact failure. Inspired by dome- and ridge-shaped cutters, the arch-ridged cutters were developed in this work to enhance the cutter’s impact resistance without sacrificing the penetration rate. Arch-ridged structure incorporated the arch feature to improve the cutter’s impact resistance while retaining the ridge point feature to optimize the rock-breaking efficiency. To verify the rationality of this new cutter shape, discrete element modeling, laboratory single-cutter rock-cutting testing, progressive drop testing, wet vertical turret lathe (VTL) testing, and a field trial were conducted. The results showed the arch-ridged structure changed the rock-breaking mechanism of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters based on real-time observations of its granite-cutting process. The arch feature enhanced the compression and crushing function of the cutter, while the ridge point feature led to the formation of three separate crushing zones, causing the sequential detachment of rock chippings from the ridge tip and the ridge slopes. When the depth of cut (DOC) exceeded 3 mm, the rock-breaking efficiency of arch-ridged cutter became comparable with that of axe-shaped and tri-ridged cutters, indicating that the arch-ridged cutter could obtain a satisfactory penetration rate under sufficient weight on bit. The biggest advantage of the arch-ridged structure was improving the impact resistance by more than 51% compared to axe-shaped and tri-ridged cutters. The bit deployed with arch-ridged cutters was trialed to drill a conglomerate formation at the Shengli Oil Field in China. The bit obtained the longest footage compared with adjacent wells, and the dull arch-ridged cutters had much less impact damage than the tri-ridged cutters. In short, the application scenario of the arch-ridged cutters is harsh formations that cause severe impact damage on PDC cutters, where the arch-ridged cutters can extend the bit footage with a moderate penetration rate.
Shorter, Faster, and Effective? Evaluating Abbreviated MRI for Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Authors: Emir Sevde Nur , Karamustafao Görkem , Güner Gülbanu , Emir Servet , Özel Yahya , Kulalı Fatma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
With the advancements in imaging technologies and the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the detection rates of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have significantly increased. While most of these lesions are benign, branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) pose a potential risk for malignant transformation, necessitating regular clinical and radiological follow-up. However, conventional MRI protocols are time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting the need for shorter, cost-effective alternatives without compromising diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical feasibility of abbreviated MRI (A-MRI) protocols for BD-IPMN surveillance compared to standard MRI (S-MRI).
Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study including patients with BD-IPMN who underwent follow-up MRI between January 2022 and December 2024. Three MRI protocols were analyzed: (1) S-MRI, comprising T2-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) T1-weighted imaging, 3D MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); (2) A-MRI protocol 1 (A-MRI-1), including MRCP and T2-weighted sequences; and (3) A-MRI protocol 2 (A-MRI-2), incorporating MRCP, T2-weighted, and DWI sequences. The images are evaluated for lesion size progression (≥ 5 mm in 2 years), mural nodules, cyst wall thickening, main pancreatic duct dilation, and parenchymal atrophy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for A-MRI protocols in detecting degeneration signs.
Results
A total of 124 patients (mean age: 64 years, 55.6% female) and 124 lesions were analyzed. The detection rates of key degeneration markers were similar between S-MRI and A-MRI protocols, except for contrast-enhanced mural nodules, which were not identifiable with A-MRI due to the lack of DCE sequences. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for A-MRI in detecting BD-IPMN degeneration markers were 100%, 98.3%, 71.4%, and 100%, respectively. A-MRI protocols demonstrated a comparable diagnostic performance to S-MRI while significantly reducing scan time (from ~ 40–50 min to 7–12 min). However, false-positive mural nodule detection was higher with A-MRI, potentially leading to unnecessary follow-up imaging. The addition of DWI in A-MRI-2 did not provide a significant diagnostic advantage over A-MRI-1.
Conclusions
A-MRI is a viable alternative for BD-IPMN follow-up, offering substantial reductions in imaging duration and costs while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy. However, the absence of DCE sequences may lead to false-positive mural nodule detection, necessitating further evaluation in selected cases.