bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and incidence of radiation-induced meningiomas in a brain tumor database
Authors: Vaghjiani Nilan G. , Schwieder Andrew K. , Uppalapati Sravya , Kons Zachary A. , Kazarian Elizabeth A. , Sattiraju Srikar N. , Opalak Charles F. , Harris Timothy J. , Broaddus William C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are meningiomas that associated with prior exposure to radiation. Due to the rare occurrence of RIMs, their behavior has not been well described and their incidence has not been reported. This study aims to characterize RIMs and compare the treatment and outcomes of RIMs to those of spontaneous meningiomas (SMs).
Methods
1003 patients seen at a single institution with proven or presumed meningiomas were identified from brain tumor-related diagnoses between 2005 and 2015. Chart review positively-identified patients with RIMs and data was collected on initial diagnosis and treatment, meningioma recurrence/progression, histology, and treatments.
Results
Fifteen RIM patients were identified (66.67% were female and 66.67% were Caucasian). The average age at diagnosis was 43.27 ± 15.06 years. The overall mean latency was 356.27 ± 116.96 months. The mean latency period for the African-American population was 258.4 ± 84.86 months compared to 405.2 ± 100.5 months for the Caucasian population (p = 0.003). The mean number of lesions for males was 1.4 ± 0.89 compared to females which was 2.8 ± 1.40 (p = 0.046). The incidence of RIMs among all meningiomas in our data set was 1.5%, a statistic that has not previously been reported. The 10-year progression-free survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate was 50% and 27%, respectively. 58% of patients treated with radiotherapy were progression-free at 5 and 10 years.
Conclusion
Radiation remains a rare but important cause of meningioma. These meningiomas have a higher grade histology, require aggressive treatment strategies, and have higher recurrence and progression compared to spontaneous meningiomas.
Equipartition of the magnetic field and the electron energy in BL Lac jets
Authors: Li Ting , Zheng Yong-Gang , Li Xiao-Pan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The traditional one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) model for the spectral energy distribution (SED) of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects, shows unexpected attribute that the energy density of nonthermal electrons Ue is much larger than the magnetic field UB. It is believed that the behavior of a plasma in a jet is a significant influence on equipartition. This paper considers an anisotropic SSC model for the electron momentum distribution. The model assumes that the angle between the direction of motion and the magnetic field can be very small or parallel when the highest energy electrons are accelerated. Therefore, the intensity of synchrotron radiation is significantly depressed. In this model, the magnetic field in the dissipation region is much stronger in the case of an isotropic distribution of nonthermal electrons. In this paper, we examine whether this model can predicts physically reasonable parameters, and we discuss some of its implications.
A 16p11.2 deletion mouse model displays quantitatively and qualitatively different behaviours in sociability and social novelty over short- and long-term observation
Authors: Rusu Anna , Chevalier Claire , Chaumont Fabrice , Nalesso Valérie , Brault Véronique , Hérault Yann , Ey Elodie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

Autism spectrum disorders affect more than one percent of the population, impairing social communication and increasing stereotyped behaviours. A micro-deletion of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 chromosomic region has been identified in one percent of patients also displaying intellectual disabilities. In mouse models generated to understand the mechanisms of this deletion, learning and memory deficits were pervasive in most genetic backgrounds, while social communication deficits were only detected in some models. Based on previous study (Arbogast et al. 2016 PLoS genetics), we selected the mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion on a hybrid C57BL/6NxC3B genetic background to itemize the social deficits. We examined whether behavioural deficits observed in short observation periods were representative of the phenotype displayed by the same mice over long-term monitoring. We recorded the individual and social behaviours of 16p11.2 Del/+ mice and their wild-type littermates from both sexes in short-term (15 min) and long-term (over two and three consecutive nights) social interactions of familiar mixed-genotype quartets of males and of females, and of same-genotype unfamiliar female pairs.

Results

We observed that Del/+ mice of both sexes increased significantly their activity compared to wild-type littermates only over long-term monitoring. In the social domain, Del/+ mice of both sexes displayed only limited impairments over short-term monitoring, and more visible deficits over long-term monitoring. When recorded in quartets of familiar individuals, social impairments were stronger in males than in females. In pairs, significant perturbations of the organisation of the social communication and behaviours in Del/+ females appeared mostly over the long-term.

Conclusions

Altogether, this suggests that social and contextual variations affect the phenotype of the 16p11.2 Del/+ mice differently in the activity and the social domains. The social behaviour was also differently affected between the two sexes. These findings confirm the importance of testing models both in short- and long-term conditions to provide a comprehensive view of their phenotype that will be more robust for pre-clinical targeted therapeutic trials.
The Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of CD44 in Pan-Cancer Study
Authors: Chen Shaoyong , Zhang Siqin , Chen Shaohua , Ma Fei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the correlation between cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) expression and immunotherapy response and identify its possible predictive value in pan-cancer.
Methods
Datasets of 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were applied to investigate the relationship of CD44 expression with prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), and determine its potential prognostic value in pan-cancer. Patients were split into high-risk and low-risk cancer groups based on the survival outcomes of various cancer types. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of CD44 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were analyzed using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
Variable expression levels of CD44 between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were identified in pan-cancer datasets, and the survival analysis revealed that CD44 expression was associated with multiple clinical annotations and survival indicators in several cancers. Besides, the expression of CD44 was significantly associated with TMB and MSI in some types of cancer.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that CD44 shows great promise as a prognostic biomarker in numerous cancers, which will assist in developing new strategies in immunotherapy.
Analysis of corneal optic density in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes
Authors: Zheng Yuwei , Guo Bin , Wei Shengsheng , Zhang Huiqin , Zhang Jiamei , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the changes in corneal optic density (COD) in patients with type II diabetes and explore the possible influencing factors.
Methods: Central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal optic density (COD) were measured in 52 patients (104 eyes) with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and 23 age-matched healthy controls (46 eyes). COD values of the anterior, middle, and posterior layers and four annulus regions (0–2, 2–6, 6–10, and 10–12 mm) were collected. Patients with DM were divided into the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) groups.
Results: Patients with DM had higher COD values than the controls; the differences were significant in the total (P=0.011), anterior layer (P=0.002), middle layer (P=0.019), and 0–6 mm central region (0–2 mm, P=0.008; 2–6 mm, P=0.007). The 0–6 mm central region COD was higher in the NDR group and highest in the DR group compared with controls; the 6–12 mm peripheral COD value was highest in the NDR group. The correlation between age and COD values was lower in patients with DM than in controls. CCT was positively correlated with the total COD value (r=0.26, P=0.008) in the DM group.
Conclusion: The corneal clarity of patients with DM decreased in general and altered before the appearance of DR. COD values increased in early diabetes without DR. As DR emerged, the central and peripheral COD changed differently. In addition toretinal condition, age and CCT may also affect corneal transparency of patients with DM.
Pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts express tumor-suppressive microRNAs
Authors: Tushoski-Alemán Gerik , Davidson Aaron , Herremans Kelly , Forsmark Chris , Zhang Weizhou , Hughes Steven J , Han Song 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and broadly accepted as an oncogenic component for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously reported a tumor-suppressive role of CAFs via a CAF-specific miRNA that can be efficiently transferred via exosomes within the TME and inhibit PDAC cell growth. In this study, we expanded our search and found several differentially expressed miRNAs within CAFs (CAF-DE-miRNAs) including the most elevated miR-145-5p and miR-199a-5p. These miRNAs exhibit tumor-suppressive roles likely via complex regulation of several signaling proteins within the TGF-β and EGFR (ErbB) signaling pathways. Our study indicates a more complex role of CAFs within the TME and provides a distinct mechanism of CAF-mediated tumor suppression.
Pharmacological targets of Asundexian relevant to its therapeutic efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: Kumar Arun HS 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Oral anticoagulant which don’t interfere with haemostasis physiology have potential application in management of acute cardiovascular events. Asundexian is once such oral anticoagulant, which is reported to be beneficial by minimising the rate of ischemic events. This study examined the pharmacological basis for cardiovascular benefits of asundexian.
Materials and Methods
All potential targets of asundexian in humans were identified by Insilco screening in the SwissTargetPrediction server and analysed.
Results
Unexpectedly factor XI or Xia was not observed to be targeted by asundexian in this study. However factor XII and thrombin were observed to be targeted by asundexian. In addition several GPCR’s, ion channels, enzymes and kinases relevant to positive modulation of cardiovascular physiology were observed to be targeted by asundexian.
Conclusion
The anticoagulant effects of asundexian is likely to be by indirect inhibition of factor XI or Xia by interfering with factor XII and/or thrombin. The cardiovascular benefits of asundexian is likely mediated by broader relevant off target effects.
Smoking Initiation at Young Age Increases Risk of Gastric Cancer among Korean Men
Authors: Lee Hwi-Won , Shin Woo-Kyoung , Huang Dan , Torre Katherine De la , Yang Jae Jeong , Song Minkyo , Shin Aesun , Lee Kyoung-Mu , Lee Hyuk-Joon , Lee Jong-Koo , Kang Daehee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Early initiation of smoking is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of various smoking-related factors with the risk of gastric cancer in a population with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer.
Method
From 2004 to 2013, Korean adults 40–69 years of age were enrolled in the large-scale prospective cohort, the Health Examinees-Gem study. Incident gastric cancer cases were identified until December 31, 2017, through linkage to the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Participants’ information regarding socio-demographics, smoking-related factors, and other lifestyle factors was obtained via self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gastric cancer risk associated with smoking-related factors such as smoking duration, amount, pack-years, and age of smoking initiation.
Results
Among 44,207 men included in the final analysis, 565 gastric cancer cases were identified during a mean (± SD) follow-up period of 8.6 (± 2.0) years. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers who smoked more than 35 years (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.96) or with ≥ 30 pack-years of smoking (1.40, 1.05–1.87) were positively associated with gastric cancer. These associations were shown to be significant with increasing smoking years (p trend 0.019) and pack-years (0.016) as well. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers who initiated smoking at a younger age, before or at 20 years, were at a higher risk of gastric cancer (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10–1.93). No significant associations were observed among former smokers. When stratified by smoking duration, increased risk of gastric cancer was observed among those who smoked for more than 25 years in the younger smoking initiation age group (≤ 20 years; HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15–1.94, p for trend = 0.011). In terms of smoking intensity, those who smoked less than 20 cigarettes or 1 pack a day showed an increased risk of gastric cancer in the younger smoking initiation age group that began smoking before or at 20 years of age (1.78, 1.30–2.44, p for trend = 0.006).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that earlier initiation of smoking is associated with a greater risk of gastric cancer, regardless of smoking duration. Thus, measures to manage and control onset age of cigarette smoking among teenagers may be considered when taking actions against the health burden of gastric cancer.
Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesinin Ermeni Basınındaki Yansımaları
Authors: NERSESOĞLU Haçadur 
Published: September 2022

Stratejik önemi nedeniyle İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazları, tarih boyunca birçok devletin egemenliği altına almak istediği bölgeler olmuştur. Özellikle XVIII. yüzyılda Rusya’nın Karadeniz’de büyük bir güç olması hem Osmanlı Devleti hem de Avrupalı Devletler için tehdit olmaya başlamıştır. Boğazlar Sorunu olarak adlandırılan bu süreç Lozan Antlaşmasına kadar devam etmiştir. Lozan Antlaşmasıyla Boğazlardan geçişin serbest olduğu, boğazların iki yakasının askerden arındırılacağı ve boğazların geçişinin uluslararası bir komisyon tarafından idare edileceği kararı alınmıştır. Ancak İtalya’nın Doğu Akdeniz ve Balkanlarda yürütebileceği faaliyetlerden kaygı duyan Türkiye, Lozan Antlaşması’nda boğazların askerden arındırılması hükmünün kaldırılması için harekete geçmiş ve bu konuyu ilk olarak 1933 Mayıs’ında düzenlenen Londra Silahsızlandırma Konferansı’nda gündeme getirmiştir. Bu süre zarfında İtalya’nın Habeşistan’a saldırması ve Almanya’nın Versailles [Versay] Antlaşması’na aykırı hareket ederek Ren bölgesine asker yerleştirmesi, Türkiye’nin Lozan Konferansı’na katılan ülkelere 11 Nisan 1936 tarihinde nota vermesine yol açmıştır.
Yaşanan olayların ardından İsviçre’nin Montreux şehrinde görüşmeler başlamış ve 20 Temmuz 1936 tarihinde Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi imzalanmıştır. Söz konusu sözleşme ile Türkiye Boğazlar üzerinde tam kontrol hakkını elde etmiş ve barış zamanı sivil gemilerin serbest geçişi garanti altına alınmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazlarında kontrol ile savaş gemilerinin geçişini düzenleme hakkını kazanmıştır. Böylece gelecekte yaşanabilecek problemlerin önüne geçilmiştir. Nitekim, 24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırmasıyla Karadeniz kıyılarına uzanan bu bölgede zorlu bir süreç başlamıştır. Rusya’nın hamlesi boğazların durumunu yani 1936 Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’ni tekrar gündeme getirmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin önemini ve sözleşmenin imzalandığı dönemde Ermeni basın organlarının tutumunu aktarmaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye ve yurt dışında yayımlanan Ermenice gazete ve dergilere yer verilecektir. Söz konusu gazetelerde kaleme alınan köşe yazıları ve haberler incelenecektir.
Combination seepage test study of sandy soil and the filter
Authors: Cai Shixing , Fan Kaifang , Cai Shizeng , Wang Zeping , Lin Jianhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dams are important structures for the development and utilization of water resources, and dam stability is significantly affected by the filter layer. In this paper, eight groups of combination seepage tests of impermeable materials and filter were conducted. The effects of variations in grade, relative density, and thickness of impermeable materials and filter on the combination seepage resistance performance were assessed. The test results showed that: impermeable material and filter grade significantly affect combination seepage resistance. The critical hydraulic gradient and permeability coefficient decrease by 34% with increasing soil coarseness within the design envelope. The critical hydraulic gradient and failure gradient of specimen decreased by 17 and 20%, when the relative density of the filter material decreased from 0.7 to 0.5, respectively. Therefore, in actual engineering applications, the dry density or relative density of the filter material should be strictly controlled during filling. Increasing the thickness of the filter benefits combination seepage. The effect of changes in particle composition and relative density on the combination seepage characteristics can be expressed by controlling constriction size.
Polydopamine-copper spacers improve longevity and prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis
Authors: Taiswa Amos , Andriolo Jessica M. , Zodrow Katherine R. , Skinner Jack L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a promising technology that will increase access to clean and safe water sources throughout the world. However, the impact of RO filtration of natural waters is severely hindered by biofouling. Formation of complex biofilms on RO membranes dramatically decreases output due to release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the microorganisms. We present a polydopamine-copper (PD-Cu) coating for RO feed spacer materials to prevent biofouling and enhance longevity of Cu ions. The following spacers were tested in a continuous flow bench scale RO system: (1) Polypropylene (PP) feed spacers coated with PD-Cu, (2) a pristine PP, control spacer, (3), a PD control spacer and (4) a Cu control spacer. Results showed the PD-Cu spacers exhibited higher Cu ion chelation, retaining 71 ± 2% more Cu ions compared to a Cu-only spacer after 13 h. In a stirring beaker, PD-Cu spacers lost loosely attached Cu ions until the optimum Cu concentration was achieved, approximately 30.6 ± 0.3% of total composition, within 6 h, and the remaining Cu ions bonded with PD covalently. In addition, PD-Cu spacers showed a 17.5% higher permeate flux and a 58% biofilm biovolume decrease as compared to a pristine spacer over 24 h.
New Strategies for Novel Drugs: Antimicrobial Peptides Containing
Ferrocene with Improved Antifungal and Antiplasmodial Biological
Activity
Authors: Costa Natalia C.S. , Santos-Filho Norival A. , Piccoli Julia P. , Fusco-Almeida Ana M. , Santos Claudia T. , de Souza Juliana O. , Zanini Camila L. , Aguiar Anna Caroline C. , Oliva Glaucius , Guido Rafael V.C. , Cilli Eduardo M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Fungal and parasitic diseases are global health problems, and the available
treatments are becoming ineffective, mainly due to the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens.
Furthermore, the drugs currently in use exhibit high toxicity and side effects. The scarcity of efficient
treatments for fungal and parasitic diseases has motivated the search for new drug candidates, including
antimicrobial peptides. The chemokine class RP1 peptide shows inhibitory activity against bacteria,
viruses, cancer cells and parasites. In addition, the organometallic compound ferrocene showed
antiparasitic activity.

Objective:
Study aimed to assess the effect of conjugation of the RP1 peptide with ferrocene in terms of
its structure, biological activity against fungi and parasites and toxicity.

Methods:
Peptides and conjugates were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The
Fc-RP1 peptide showed antifungal and antimalarial activities with low toxicity in the U87 and HepG2
cell lines.

Results:
The mechanism of action of these peptides, analyzed by flow cytometry in the fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans, was through membrane permeabilization, with an emphasis on the Fc-RP1
peptide that presented the highest rate of PI-positive cell marking.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, ferrocene conjugated to antimicrobial peptide RP1 is an attractive
biomolecule for drug discovery against fungal and parasitic diseases.
Oxadiazole Derivatives as Anticancer and Immunomodulatory
Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Araújo Héverton Mendes , de Moura Gabriel Acácio , Rocha Yasmim Mendes , Viana Rodrigues João Pedro , Nicolete Roberto 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Tumor plasticity processes impact the treatment of different
types of cancer; as an effect of this, the bioprospecting of therapies from natural and/or
synthetic compounds that can regulate or modulate the immune system has increased considerably.
Oxadiazole derivatives are structures that exhibit diverse biological activities.
Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the activity of oxadiazole compounds against tumor
cell lines and their possible immune-mediated mechanisms

Methods::
A search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases was carried
out on studies published from January 1, 2004, to January 31, 2022, using “oxadiazole”
in combination with the other descriptors “cancer” and “macrophage”. Only experimental
in vitro and in vivo articles were included. A similar search strategy was used in
the Derwent Innovation Index database for technology mapping. The search was performed
on Drugbank using the descriptor oxadiazole for commercial mapping.

Results::
23 oxadiazole studies were included in this review and some biological activities linked to antitumoral and immunomodulation were listed. Oxadiazole derivatives inhibited tumor cell growth and proliferation, blocked cell cycle, modulated mitochondrial membrane potential, presented immunoregulatory activity by different mechanisms reducing proinflammatory cytokines levels and acted directly as selective inhibitors of the COX enzyme. There was an increase in oxadiazole patent publications in the last 11 years, with emphasis on chemistry, pharmacy and biotechnology applied to microbiology areas. Compounds with 1,2,4-oxadiazole isomer are predominant in patent publications and approved drugs as observed in the technological and commercial mapping.

Conclusion::
Therefore, oxadiazole derivatives are therapeutic molecules that can be considered
promising for the development of cancer therapies.