bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the Shelf Life of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annuum) Using KMnO4
Authors: Widyastuti T , Gahayu R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurly Red Chili have a shelf life of only a few days. In order to be more durable, post-harvest handling is needed to extend the shelf life of the fruit, among others, by reducing the ethylene content. There are several ways to reduce the ethylene content; one can use potassium permanganate (KMnO4), which works as an ethylene absorber. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration of KMnO4to extend the shelf life of Curly Red Chili. The research was conducted at the Post-Harvest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiayah Yogyakarta. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor. Treatment including four concentrations, that is: KMnO40%, KMnO40.05%, KMnO40.10%, KMnO40.15%. Each treatment was repeated three times, each replicating three samples. The data were analyzed using variance analysis at the 5% level and mean separations with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that KMnO4has a positive effect of extending the shelf life of Curly Red Chili, where the KMnO4concentration of 0.10% is the best. At this concentration, the shelf life of Curly Red Chili can be extended up to 21 days.
Diversity of Natural Enemies in Corn - Soybean Intercropping with Different Plant Compositions
Authors: Lisdayanti H , Nurkomar I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intercropping is one of the polyculture crop cultivation techniques. Polyculture cropping system can increase the diversity of insects. This research aims to determine the effect of different plant composition of soybean and corn on the diversity and abundance of natural enemies. This research was carried out using a single factor experimental method arranged in a single plot field design. The treatment tested was the plant composition of soybean and corn which consisted of 4 compositions setting as treatment i.e., 2:1, 3:1. 4:1 and 5:1. In addition, monoculture soybeans and monoculture corn were also planted for comparison. Observation and sampling of natural enemies were carried out using insect sweeping net, yellow pan trap, and pitfall trap. Samplings were done 7 times when the plant at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks old. The results showed that the plant composition of soybean and corn affected the number of species and abundance of insect natural enemies. Nonmetric multidimensional scale analysis shows that there are less differences in the composition of insect natural enemies between different plant compositions.
Stress–strain behavior of rock mass around the roadway with roof support of rock fall-hazardous zones by the phenolic resin fill
Authors: Seryakov VM , Krasnovsky AA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authors discuss roadway heading and support in unstable rock mass. The stress–strain analysis is performed for rocks and mine support system when voids generated by rock falls in roof and sidewalls of a roadway are filled with phenolic resin. The change in the stresses when the zone of rock fall-hazardous zone in the roadway roof grows in height is shown.
Impact of conditions of coal supply to hard-to-reach northern areas on its useful properties
Authors: Fedorov VI , Gavrilov VL , Khokholov YuA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hard-to-reach northern areas of Russia are supplied with coal via complex and extended delivery chains. Long-term storage and large haulage distances between the coal production sites and the heat power generation points result in degradation of useful properties of coal and its high quantitative losses. The authors discuss the causes of change in the fuel quality as it travels from production faces to boiler-houses, as the consequences of lower quality fuel burning. The current approaches to alteration of coal properties are reviewed. The influence of oxidation and cryogenic effects is analyzed. Assuming the delivery chains as the integrated systems in blocks and their performance evaluation by the final result allows disengaging new reserves in quality management. An element of the refreshed quality management can be technological and managerial procedures in open pit coal mining and in pre-treatment of coal before shipment.
Improvement of air distribution in DTH air hammer
Authors: Alekseev SE , Kubanychbek B , Chernienkov EM 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Advancement trends in DTH air hammer engineering are described, and the modern design requirements are presented. The schematic of DTH air hammer to comply with the current standards is given. Reliability of the machine with three-stage hammering unit is discussed. The process of bottomhole cleaning in this DTH air hammer operation is described. The capacities of an elastic valve arrangement at the largest stage of the hammering unit are determined. The theoretical and full-scale test data of the proposed DTH air hammer design are presented.
Polyethylene pipe socket welding technology in mining
Authors: Ammosova OA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The proposed technology of polyethylene pipe socket welding can be used in construction of polyethylene piping systems in the mining industry. Based on numerical simulation of thermal process, the effect of low temperatures on the temperature field dynamics in socket weld joint is investigated. The need of preheating and usage of thermal insulation at the cooling stage during welding at low temperatures for the thermal process to develop according to the patterns of welding at acceptable temperatures is shown. A procedure is given for determining the size of a heat-insulating chamber for cooling a welded socket joint at low temperatures from the condition of ensuring the cooling rate characteristic of welding at permissible temperatures.
Experimental studies of pneumatic impact device with a reduced specific consumption air
Authors: Tambovtsev PN 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental studies of a pneumatic impact device the air distribution system of which has two controlled chambers of compressed air and four valves. The peculiarity of the pneumatic impact device is its efficient operating cycle with a reduced specific consumption of compressed air. The operating cycle of a laboratory prototype was investigated and its main operating parameters were determined: the frequency and energy of impacts, the compressed air consumption. The experimental specific consumption of compressed air is established, a comparative analysis of the results of experiments with the results of numerical simulation is carried out.
Means of providing temperature regimes for extended transport tunnels of the Baikal-Amur Railway in the cold period of the year
Authors: Kiyanitsa LA , Lugin IV , Krasyuk AM 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studying the distribution of air temperature along the length of an extended railway tunnel depending on various configurations and locations of tunnel heating and ventilation units. It is shown that the most rational way is the uniform arrangement of heating and ventilation units along the length of the tunnel combined with the installation of air-thermal curtains. This allows ensuring a positive air temperature in all sections along the length of the tunnel.
Mathematical modeling of air distribution dynamics due to piston effect of trains in long railway tunnels
Authors: Lugin IV 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The stationary and nonstationary problems on air flow under piston effect of trains in long railway tunnels are solved using the methods of computational aerodynamics. The comparison of the results reveals erroneous calculation of air exchange in case of the stationary problem formulation. The validity of calculating tunnel ventilation by integration of the static air distribution network models and the quasi-dynamic models of piston effect is justified.
On the question of using natural zeolites to increase the environmental safety of mining regions
Authors: Razmakhnin KK 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The possibility of using natural zeolites in technologies for protecting the components of the natural environment during the operation of mining enterprises has been investigated. The issues of complex processing of zeolite-containing rocks have been studied. The most effective technologies for enrichment of zeolites, modification and activation of their properties, as well as purification from enclosing impurities have been determined and substantiated. The main parameters of the application of the proposed technologies for enrichment of zeolite-containing rocks have been established. The results of experimental studies of the processing of natural zeolite rocks using various enrichment methods are presented. The main directions of the use of natural zeolites in order to ensure the comprehensive environmental safety of mining enterprises have been determined.
Change in the elastic and rheological properties of structurally heterogeneous geomaterials under multiple weak impacts
Authors: Kosykh VP 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses the lab-scale studies of the effect exerted by multiple weak impacts on creep in a sample of an equivalent geomaterial additionally subjected to static compression. It is found that under weak impacts for a long time, the creep strain rate first grows and then lowers down to a stationary value. Weak impacts initiate P-waves in the sample. The P-wave velocity increases non-monotonously with growing number of impacts. The change in the elastic and rheological properties of the material is connected with the change in its internal structure under the influence of external loading.
Enhancement of a silicon waveguide single photon source by temporal multiplexing
Authors: Adcock Jeremy C , Bacco Davide , Ding Yunhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Efficient generation of single photons is one of the key challenges of building photonic quantum technology, such as quantum computers and long-distance quantum networks. Photon source multiplexing—where successful pair generation is heralded by the detection of one of the photons, and its partner is routed to a single mode output—has long been known to offer a concrete solution, with output probability tending toward unity as loss is reduced. Here, we present a temporally multiplexed integrated single photon source based on a silicon waveguide and a low-loss fibre switch and loop architecture, which achieves enhancement of the single photon output probability of 4.5 ± 0.5, while retaining g
(2)(0) = 0.01.
Broadband absorbing mono, blended and hybrid nanofluids for direct absorption solar collector: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sreekumar Sreehari , Shah Nihilkumar , Mondol Jayanta Deb , Hewitt Neil , Chakrabarti Supriya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The evolution of nanofluids over the years has opened new research opportunities in the field of renewable energy. Research on the optical properties of nanofluids for application in direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs) is progressing at a burgeoning speed. In a DASC system, nanofluid with high optical absorptivity can convert the incident solar energy into the thermal energy of the fluid. The dispersed nanoparticles in the fluid act in the process through the phenomenon of absorption and scattering. Studies conducted on the optical property characterization of monocomponent nanofluids have become saturated. Moreover, the photothermal efficiency (PTE) of the nanofluid can be enhanced by using multicomponent nanofluids. Nanofluids prepared using varying materials, shapes and sizes of nanoparticles can tune the absorption spectra of the bulk fluid to improve the PTE. A hybrid nanocomposite can similarly enhance the absorptivity due to the synergy of materials present in the nanocomposite particle. In this review, a comprehensive survey on the synthesis and optical characterization of different monocomponent, blended and hybrid nanocomposite nanofluids has been performed.
A methodology for formulating dynamical equations in analytical mechanics based on the principle of energy conservation
Authors: Zhou Yinqiu , Wang Xiuming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, a methodology is proposed for formulating general dynamical equations in mechanics under the umbrella of the principle of energy conservation. It is shown that Lagrange’s equation, Hamilton’s canonical equations, and Hamilton-Jacobi’s equation are all formulated based on the principle of energy conservation with a simple energy conservation equation, i.e., the rate of kinetic and potential energy with time is equal to the rate of work with time done by external forces; while D’Alembert’s principle is a special case of the law of the conservation of energy, with either the virtual displacements (‘frozen’ time) or the virtual displacement (‘frozen’ generalized coordinates). It is argued that all of the formulations for characterizing the dynamical behaviors of a system can be derived from the principle of energy conservation, and the principle of energy conservation is an underlying guide for constructing mechanics in a broad sense. The proposed methodology provides an efficient way to tackle the dynamical problems in general mechanics, including dissipation continuum systems, especially for those with multi-physical field interactions and couplings. It is pointed out that, on the contrary to the classical analytical mechanics, especially to existing Hamiltonian mechanics, the physics essences of Hamilton’s variational principle, Lagrange’s equation, and the Newtonian second law of motion, including their derivatives such as momentum and angular momentum conservations, are the consequences of the law of conservation of energy. In addition, our proposed methodology is easier to understand with clear physical meanings and can be used for explaining the existing mechanical principles or theorems. Finally, as an application example, the methodology is applied in fluid mechanics to derive Cauchy’s first law of motion.
Ferroelectric memory based on two-dimensional materials for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Chen Li , Pam Mei Er , Li Sifan , Ang Kah-Wee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ferroelectric memory devices with fast-switching speed and ultra-low power consumption have been recognized as promising building blocks for brain-like neuromorphic computing. In particular, ferroelectric memories based on 2D materials are attracting increasing research interest in recent years due to their unique properties that are unattainable in conventional materials. Specifically, the atomically thin 2D materials with tunable electronic properties coupled with the high compatibility with existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology manifests their potential for extending state-of-the-art ferroelectric memory technology into atomic-thin scale. Besides, the discovery of 2D materials with ferroelectricity shows the potential to realize functional devices with novel structures. This review will highlight the recent progress in ferroelectric memory devices based on 2D materials for neuromorphic computing. The merits of such devices and the range of 2D ferroelectrics being explored to date are reviewed and discussed, which include two- and three-terminal ferroelectric synaptic devices based on 2D materials platform. Finally, current developments and remaining challenges in achieving high-performance 2D ferroelectric synapses are discussed.
On a version of the slicing problem for the surface area of convex bodies
Authors: Brazitikos Silouanos , Liakopoulos Dimitris-Marios 
Published: February 2022

We study the slicing inequality for the surface area instead of volume. This is the question whether there exists a constant

α
n

\alpha _n

depending (or not) on the dimension

n
n

so that

S
(
K
)
⩽

α
n

|

K

|

1
n

max

ξ
∈

S

n
−
1

S
(
K
∩

ξ

⊥

)
,

\begin{equation*} S(K)\leqslant \alpha _n|K|^{\frac {1}{n}}\max _{\xi \in S^{n-1}}S(K\cap \xi ^{\perp }), \end{equation*}

where

S
S

denotes surface area and

|

⋅

|

|\cdot |

denotes volume. For any fixed dimension we provide a negative answer to this question, as well as to a weaker version in which sections are replaced by projections onto hyperplanes. We also study the same problem for sections and projections of lower dimension and for all the quermassintegrals of a convex body. Starting from these questions, we also introduce a number of natural parameters relating volume and surface area, and provide optimal upper and lower bounds for them. Finally, we show that, in contrast to the previous negative results, a variant of the problem which arises naturally from the surface area version of the equivalence of the isomorphic Busemann–Petty problem with the slicing problem has an affirmative answer.
Temporal Associations Between Daytime Napping and Nocturnal Sleep: An Exploration of Random Slopes
Authors: Mead Michael P , Huynh Phat , Le Trung Q , Irish Leah A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Restricting daytime naps is a common sleep hygiene recommendation to improve nocturnal sleep, but research on whether napping is related to sleep is mixed. The current literature is limited in that day level, bidirectional associations have not been tested in college students, and existing studies have not sufficiently examined the role of individual differences in these daily associations.

Purpose
The current study addressed these limitations by assessing the temporal associations between self-reported daytime nap duration and objectively assessed nocturnal sleep, and whether these associations were moderated by chronotype or nap frequency, in college students.

Methods
Participants (N = 384) self-reported nap duration and wore an actiwatch to measure nocturnal sleep for 14 consecutive days and nights. Mixed linear models were used to test the daily associations between daytime nap duration and total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). In addition, random slope modeling was used to test whether these associations significantly varied between participants.

Results
Longer nap duration was significantly associated with greater WASO, lower SE, and longer SOL. Shorter TST, shorter WASO, and greater SE were related to longer next-day nap duration.

Conclusions
There were several significant associations between daytime napping and nocturnal sleep, and nap frequency significantly moderated the association between TST and next-day nap duration. Future research should test daily and contextual moderators of daytime napping and nocturnal sleep, which could refine sleep hygiene efforts by identifying individuals for whom recommendations would be most helpful.
Effect of sex on survival after resection of oesophageal cancer: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zhang Ji , Bellocco Rino , Ye Weimin , Johansson Jan , Nilsson Magnus , Lindblad Mats 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidence suggests a survival benefit after curative oesophageal cancer surgery in women compared with men. The aim of this study was to explore sex disparities in survival after surgery with curative intent in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study, including all patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer who underwent surgery with a curative intent between 2006 and 2017 in Sweden. Female versus male mortality rate ratio (MRR) and excess mortality rate ratio (EMRR) were used as measures of survival. Two different parametric models were designed to account for potential confounders. Patients with gastric cancer were used as a comparison group as no differences in survival between sexes were expected among these patients.

Results
A total of 1301 patients underwent resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and 305 patients for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Women had a lower EMRR (0.76, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to 1.01, P = 0.056; 0.52, 95 per cent c.i. 0.32 to 0.84, P = 0.007 respectively) in both histological subtypes. The effect was more profound in early clinical stages, in patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, and without postoperative complications. No sex-related difference was observed in survival of patients with gastric cancer.

Conclusions
Women undergoing resection for oesophageal carcinoma have better survival compared with men.
The effect of early trauma on suicidal vulnerability depends on fronto-insular sulcation
Authors: Olié Emilie , Le Bars Emmanuelle , Deverdun Jérémy , Oppenheim Catherine , Courtet Philippe , Cachia Arnaud 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Improving our understanding of pathophysiology of suicidal behavior (SB) is an important step for prevention. Assessment of suicide risk is based on socio-demographic and clinical risk factors with a poor predictivity. Current understanding of SB is based on a stress-vulnerability model, whereby early-life adversities are predominant. SB may thus result from a cascade of developmental processes stemming from early-life abuse and/or neglect. Some cerebral abnormalities, particularly in fronto-limbic regions, might also provide vulnerability to develop maladaptive responses to stress, leading to SB. We hypothesized that SB is associated with interactions between early trauma and neurodevelopmental deviations of the frontal and insular cortices. We recruited 86 euthymic women, including 44 suicide attempters (history of depression and SB) and 42 affective controls (history of depression without SB). The early development of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula was inferred using 3D magnetic resonance imaging-derived regional sulcation indices, which are indirect markers of early neurodevelopment. The insula sulcation index was higher in emotional abused subjects; among those patients, PFC sulcation index was reduced in suicide attempters, but not in affective controls. Such findings provide evidence that SB likely traced back to early stages of brain development in interaction with later environmental factors experienced early in life.
The Principle of Non-Recognition of States Arising from Serious Breaches of Peremptory Norms of International Law
Authors: Escudero Espinosa Juan Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The concept of recognition of States comprises both political and legal aspects. Over time, its nature has been addresssd in different ways that have given rise to a debate encompassing the topic of what statehood is, according to international law. The notions of international personality, which is bestowed upon certain international actors, and of capacity to act, as a manifestation of the former, aid in understanding recognition in the present day. On this basis, an “obligation of non-recognition” when faced with new States arising as a result of the commission of unlawful international actions takes the shape of a restriction upon the capacity to act. Moreover, it may be observed that when the breach is of peremptory norms of international law, the corollary of a principle of non-recognition would come into play, affecting the appearance of elements of statehood.