bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Performance of All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Metal-Insulator-Metal Heterogeneous Plasmonic Waveguide by Kerr Nonlinearity Effect
Authors: Kamali Mojtaba , Riahinasab Mehdi , Alaie Zahra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear effect of Kerr on increasing the efficiency of multi-channel alloptical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) logic gates with heterogeneous metals is investigated. In this study, linear interference between surface plasmonic polariton modes has been employed. The performance of OR, AND, XOR and NOR gates are numerically analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). A structure with fixed physical dimensions can manage several basic logic functions. By applying optical signals to various input ports in the proposed structure, we can implement the logic functions of OR, AND and XOR. The NOR logic gate can be established by the addition of a control optical signal. On the other hand, to improve the level difference between the logic states of "0" and "1" in the waveguides, heterogeneous metals as well as Kerr material with non-linear effect have been employed. It has been shown that the nonlinear material of Kerr increases the difference of field intensity between logic levels of "0" and "1" are 77V/m for OR gate, 133V/m for AND gate, 89V/m for XOR gate and 138V/m for NOR gate. The proposed all-optical logic gate has a simple and compact arrangement and it can be applied to many nanophotonic components used in optical communication networks.
Optic Disc Melanocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Wenyi Jia , Xinjing Cui , Dapeng Song , Yu Zhang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Optic disc melanocytoma is a rare tumor of the optic nerve that typically occurs on the surface of the optic disk. Our purpose was to identify a case of optic disc melanocytoma.Case presentation: A 51-year-old female patient presented with chief complaints of black shadows in the left eye, having normal visual acuity. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed a homogeneous black bulging mass located on the optic disc. The mass demonstrated a hypoﬂuorescence throughout an angiogram at all stages and had differentiated from a malignant melanoma. Conclusion: The patient presented with black shadows in the left eye. After careful examination, an optic disc melanoma in the left eye was found. Even if it is benign, malignant transformation may occur in the future. Therefore, a follow-up is recommended for a long time.
Economic Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis In Iran: A Societal Perspective Economic Burden of R.A.
Authors: Rezaee Mehdi , Lotfi Farhad , Gholami Ahmad , Azizpoor Jassem , Aflaki Elham , Vazin Afsaneh , Keshavarz Khosro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic systemic inflammatory disease and impose a significant economic burden on patients and societies if not controlled. This study aimed to determine the economic burden of RA in southern Iran in 2019. Methods: This economic burden study was carried out as cross-sectional research in 2019 in southern Iran, in which 765 patients were included. The prevalence-based and bottom-up approaches were also used to prepare the cost information and calculate the costs, respectively. The human capital approach was used to calculate the indirect costs as well. Results: The results showed that the economic burden of RA in Iran was $ 3,744,967,993 PPP in 2019. In addition, the mean annual costs of RA per patient in remission, low, and moderate-to severe states and the total cost were $ 11,925.98, $ 11,887.49, $ 12,803.45, and $ 12,155.08 PPP, respectively in 2019.Conclusions: RA imposed a significant economic burden on the community and patients, and DMC, especially the cost of drugs, were the most important component. It is suggested to provide necessary facilities to produce RA drugs in the country and expand home care services in order to reduce the economic burden.
A Novel Nomogram Based on Lipid Metabolism-related Risk Gene Expression Can Better Predict Overall Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Qiliang , Fu Wen , Ouyang Guangxiong , xiao zunqiang , Guo Jinhui , Sun Wen , Lei Xiangxiang , Shi Yu , Ma Qiancheng , zhu ning , Zhao Jie , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been proven to be a hallmark of cancer. The pathogenic factors involved in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead to an abnormal lipid metabolism that facilitates the malignant transformation of liver cells. However, the association between lipid metabolism and the prognosis of HCC has not been systematically delineated. In this study, the training set comprised 221 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on the gene expression details, whereas 230 patients within the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) comprised the validation set. Ten lipid metabolism-related risk genes were screened; they were found to be significantly related to the prognosis of HCC. The risk score was calculated based on ten screened lipid metabolism-related risk genes and was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC even when excluding clinical features. Therefore, a novel nomogram integrating the risk score and other proven clinical attributes was constructed. The results of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), C index, and calibration plot supported the better predictive capacity of the nomogram over others. Treatment with metformin significantly positively affected the expression of four out of ten genes; this was beneficial to longer overall survival. The results provide a new insight into accurate prognostic prediction, as well as understanding the carcinogenesis and process of HCC.
Comparative Study on Characteristics of Mandarin Peel Extracts by Biological Processing
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Han Xinling , Wu Yulai , Liu Lu , Yu Jianxing , Li Jiayou , Zhang Yang , Xu Yaling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
[Background] Mandarin peel is a by-product from mandarin canning industry containing multiple functional substances with useful properties such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. [Objective] To evaluate the effect of bioprocessing, fresh mandarin peels were fermented by Rhizopus stolonifer JP13 for 4 days and then the peels’ antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were tested. The flavonoiuds , hesperidin and VC contents in dry peels were also determined. [Results] The data showed that the fermented mandarin peel had promoted antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Aspergillus flavus , and Candida albicans. An increased scavenging effect on free radicals, with 73.0% of·OH scavenging activities were obtained when compared with fresh mandarin peels. We also observed a significant increase on content of flavonoid (334% ) and hesperindin (253.7% ), a reduced scavenging effect on O 2 - free radicals (13.94%), and a decrease content of VC (13.7%). [Conclusion] The presaging of mandarin peel by Rhizopus stolonifer JP13 strain will promote the functional activities of mandarin peel and accelerate the process of manufacture Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.
Continuous Be mineralization from two-mica granite to pegmatite: Critical element enrichment processes in a Himalayan leucogranite pluton
Authors: Liu Chen , Wang Ru-Cheng , Linnen Robert L. , Wu Fu-Yuan , Xie Lei , Liu Xiao-Chi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeryllium is a critical metal typically concentrated in highly fractionated granitic rocks such as the leucogranites in the Himalaya. Here, we report beryl mineralization that was continuous from the earlier and less-evolved two-mica granite to the highly evolved albite granite and pegmatite in a typical leucogranite pluton at Pusila in the central of Himalaya. Textural and mineral chemical evidence support a magmatic origin for beryl, and the trends of beryl crystal chemistry indicate magma differentiation. Despite low to moderate fractionation of the biotite granite and two-mica granite in the Pusila leucogranite pluton, the Be contents (~7 µg/g, beryl-free and ~22 µg/g, beryl-bearing, respectively) of these granites are much higher than the average for biotite- and two-mica granites worldwide (~3–4 and 5–10 µg/g, respectively), indicating that the initial magma had a relatively high-Be concentration. The gneisses of Greater Himalayan System, considered the protolith, also show a higher Be abundance (~4–6 µg/g) than the mean value of pelitic rocks worldwide (~2–3 µg/g), which could be the source reservoir of Be. The source contributed the initial Be to the melt, and fractionation resulted in the onset of beryl crystallization from the interstitial residual melt in the two-mica granite. The ubiquity of beryl in two-mica granite to pegmatite stages of the Pusila pluton is explained by a continuous crystallization model, although there was a delay in the onset of beryl crystallization in the two-mica granite. Modeling based on Rayleigh fractionation indicates that Be becomes compatible once saturation is attained because of the beryl crystallization. Our findings indicate that the enrichment of critical elements (e.g., Be) is controlled not only by fractional crystallization but also by the buffering action of a saturating phase (e.g., beryl) on the concentration of the critical element in the melt.
Biotherapy using Sperm Cell-oriented Transportation of Therapeutics in
Female Reproductive Tract Cancer
Authors: Shende Pravin , Shah Priyank 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Female reproductive tract cancers like ovarian, cervical, vaginal, etc. have led to a seri-ous concern for reproductive health as well as an increase in physical and psychological stresses amongst women. Various conventional techniques like surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are employed but possess limitations such as organ toxicity, infection, nausea, vomiting, etc. Also, several nanotechnology-based synthetic vehicle delivery systems like liposomes, nanoparticles, etc. are used but they lack targeting efficiency that results in poor propulsion and control. There-fore, there is a need for naturally-driven drug carriers to overcome such limitations. Sperm-based drug delivery is the new area for targeted delivery that offers self-propulsion to tumor sites, higher biocompatibility, longer lifespan and increased tissue penetration with enhanced localization. Drug-loaded sperm cells are harnessed with micro/nanomotor that will guide them to the intended target site. The critical analysis of the sperm-based drug delivery system was executed and summa-rized along with the current challenges. This article deals with the art of delivering the anticancer drug to female reproductive cancer sites with proof-of-concept-based research data and critical discussion on challenges in formulating the sperm-based delivery with a future perspective.
El Sistema de Valores en la Construcción de Paz y Noviolencia como Dimensión Axiológica del Proceso Formativo en la Institución Educativa Jesús María Valle de la Ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Gallego-Vásquez Jorge Enrique , Guisao-Macías Yeidy Tatiana 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. El proceso formativo en las Instituciones Educativas de nivel básico y medio contemplan la formación axiológica a partir de la declaración de un sistema de valores, que se despliegan desde las políticas públicas y se traducen en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional–PEI y el manual de convivencia; estos no siempre corresponden a los valores que perciben, apropian y practican las comunidades académicas. En un país como Colombia, en términos de posconflicto, los valores para la cultura de la paz cobran relevancia, dado que una paz duradera y estructural no depende solo del gobierno y los grupos guerrilleros, por lo que de hecho la Comisión de Conciliación Nacional – CNN (2013) establece como mínimos de reconciliación entre otros la “Generación de una cultura de paz”. Objetivo. Hacer un análisis con la comunidad académica de un colegio público del Valle de Aburrá, que han experimentado diversos tipos de violencia, para conocer los valores que promueven para la paz y la no violencia, para comprender su dinámica en contraste con la institucionalidad y su impacto en la formación y la convivencia escolar. Materiales y métodos: la presente investigación se propone el enfoque metodológico sociocrítico a partir del cual se estudiará el fenómeno de la formación en su dimensión axiológica a partir del sistema de valores universales definidos por entidades multilaterales como Naciones Unidas y la UNESCO y que hoy promueve el gobierno nacional, el ministerio de educación nacional y las instituciones de educación en contraste con los imaginarios que las comunidades académicas tienen al respecto en relación con la cultura de la paz y la noviolencia. Resultados. Entre los problemas más frecuentes que la comunidad académica identifica al interior de la IE están, el maltrato físico y verbal, el matoneo, las peleas, las drogas y la discriminación; y en el entorno, es decir, al exterior de la Institución identifican, además, la delincuencia, la intolerancia, la discriminación, la violencia de género, la falta de amor y la falta de comunicación, todas estas formas de violencia que los jóvenes identifican claramente, las cuales a su vez se replican en el entorno institucional. Conclusión del análisis se establecen los valores compartidos como bien común, su importancia, sus conflictos y la forma cómo los resuelven al interior de la comunidad académica.
Resepsi dan Tanggapan Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno atas Gugurnya Dasamuka dalam Lakon Banjaran Sinta
Authors: Setyoko Setyoko , Wahyudi Aris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKi Timbul Hadiprayitno’s sanggit (a way of storytelling in wayang perfomance based on particular dalang’s/puppet master’s interpretation) regarding the death of Prabu Dasamuka in his play of Banjaran Sinta is an interesting phenomenon. There are several characters and events that are not common in conventional puppetry traditions in general, especially in Ngayogyakarta puppetry tradition. Ki Timbul himself has said that some of the events and characters in the play originated from the comic by Kosasih. Thus, it can be said that there has been a transformation of the Kosasih text into the performance form by Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno. The question is: How does Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno respond to the Kosasih text through his new sanggit? The process of the transformation here can be traced by comparing the texts of Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno and Kosasih in order to examine their similarities and differences. The comparison of both texts is very important to show the origin of source text which becomes the basis for the creation of the new text in Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno’s sanggit. By this comparison, the causes of differences and changes of text and sanggit can be revealed. Furthermore, it can show that Kosasih’s text has influenced Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno’s play. There have been changes, both additions and subtractions. However, Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno still pays attention to and maintains the intertextuality of wayang plays intact. AbstrakSanggit Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno mengenai gugurnya Prabu Dasamuka dalam lakon Banjaran Sinta, merupakan fenomena yang menarik. Di sana dijumpai beberapa tokoh dan peristiwa yang tidak lazim dalam tradisi pedalangan konvensional pada umumnya, terlebih tradisi pedalangan Ngayogyakarta. Ki Timbul sendiri mengatakan bahwa beberapa peristiwa dan tokoh dalam lakon tersebut bersumber dari komik karya Kosasih. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa telah terjadi transformasi teks Kosasih ke dalam bentuk pertunjukan Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno. Yang menjadi pertanyaan adalah: Bagaimana cara Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno menanggapi teks Kosasih melalui sanggit barunya? Proses terjadinya transformasi di sini dilacak dengan cara mempersandingkan teks Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno dan Kosasih dalam rangka mencermati persamaan dan perbedaannya. Persandingan demikian sangat penting untuk menunjukkan sumber teks yang dijadikan dasar penciptaan teks baru dalam sanggit Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno. Dari sini kemudian dilacak tentang penyebab perbedaan dan perubahan yang terjadi. Melalui strategi di atas diperoleh pemahaman bahwa teks Kosasih menjadi bahan perubahan pada teks lakon yang telah dimiliki Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno sebelumnya. Namun dalam perpaduan tersebut telah terjadi perubahan, baik penambahan maupun pengurangan. Namun demikian Ki Timbul Hadiprayitno masih memperhatikan dan mempertahankan intertekstual lakon wayang secara utuh.
Аssessment of quality of provision of medical care to nurse personnel after a mass receipt of victims to a medical organization on the example of a terrorism in St. Petersburg
Authors: Kasimovskaya N. A. , Lavrova E. A. 
Published: January 2022

Relevance. The development of methodological support for nursing services operating in the daily routines of a medical organization with increased preparedness in an emergency requires long-term scientific and methodological support and the development of practical recommendations on the organization of nursing services in emergency situations.The goal — to analyze the organization of work of nurses and assess the quality of medical care at the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. I. I. Dzhanelidze at the arrival of victims of the terrorist attack on April 3, 2017 in the St. Petersburg metro.Materials and methods. The experience of organizing medical care upon admission of victims after a terrorist attack to the Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Care named after I. I. Dzhanelidze. During the study, the source of information was specially designed questionnaires (n=125 nurses). The main research methods: sociological, analytical, descriptive statistics.Results and discussion. It was revealed that not all nurses received information about the arrival of victims after the terrorist attack by the warning system, almost every fifth nurse does not know what post she is assigned to in the event of an emergency, and almost every tenth nurse is not sure of her responsibilities in the attack. More than half of nurses believe that in emergency situations the number of nurses should be increased, since the lack of nursing staff reduces the quality of medical care for victims of the terrorist attack.Conclusion. Identified problems require the development of universal protocols and action algorithms for organizing the work of the nursing staff of a multidisciplinary hospital during the provision of assistance with the admission of victims of emergency situations and terrorist attacks to improve the quality of medical care.
Politics and Speed Today. A conversation with Simon Glezos
Authors: Torres Felipe , Glezos Simon 
Published: January 2022

Simon Glezos is a leading social and cultural theorist of time. He has published several journal articles on temporality, and two robust monographs on the matter: The Politics of Speed (Routledge, 2012) and the recent Speed and Micropolitics (Routledge, 2020). In this interview, we will look back on his celebrated works on speed and politics. In doing so, I also get his opinion on current issues that affect the time-politics bond today. The interview seeks to examine the topicality of the acceleration theory through the voice of one of its more original authors, having in mind current socio-political phenomena such as pandemic deceleration, social malaise (both global and local), energy challenges, and the revitalization of old nationalisms.
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Simon Glezos es un destacado teórico social y cultural del tiempo. Ha publicado varios artículos en revistas sobre la temporalidad y dos sólidas monografías sobre el tema: The Politics of Speed (2012) y Speed and Micropolitics (2020). En esta entrevista avanzaremos una breve retrospectiva sobre sus célebres trabajos sobre velocidad y política. Al hacerlo, hemos recogido su opinión en temas de actualidad relevantes que afectan al vínculo tiempo-política hoy. La entrevista examina la actualidad de la teoría de la aceleración a través de la voz de uno de sus autores más originales, teniendo en cuenta fenómenos sociopolíticos contemporáneos como la desaceleración pandémica, el malestar social (tanto global como local), los retos energéticos y la revitalización de los viejos nacionalismos.
Pediatric intracranial calcified arteriovenous malformation: A case report
Authors: Mustansir Fatima , Angez Meher , Bajwa Mohammad Hamza , Fatima Saira , Enam Syed Ather 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are intracranial lesions that consist of a complex tangle of abnormal blood vessels. They can occasionally become hard and calcified. This may render these lesions difficult to resect and lead to neurological complications. There are very few reported cases of calcified brain AVMs in the literature.

Case Description:
We report the case of an 11-year-old patient who presented with headaches and seizures exacerbated in the past 3 months. Preoperative imaging confirmed a large, right parasagittal AVM, with significant internal calcifications seen on the computed tomography angiogram. We performed a successful microsurgical resection of the calcified AVM and confirmed the diagnosis on histopathological analysis.

Conclusion:
Dense internal calcifications within AVMs are a clinical rarity and can be challenging cases for microsurgical resection.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) Berbasis Mangrove di Desa Sungai Rawa Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Wahyu Titisari Prima , Elfis  , Chahyana Indry , Elizabet  , Selaras Putri , Nurdila Haliza , Panggabean Indah Riski , Widari Ranti Sri 
Published: January 2022

Kegiatan penguatan kapasitas ibu rumah tangga dalam pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) berbasis mangrove di Desa Sungai Rawa Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak. Berdasarkan observasi di lapangan diketahui bahwa beberapa ibu rumah tangga telah menanam TOGA, namun demikian jumlah TOGA yang ditanam jumlahnya terbatas. Sebagian dari mereka telah mengetahui khasiat TOGA dan secara teknis juga telah mampu mengolah TOGA, namun demikian mereka belum memahami khasiat TOGA secara ilmiah. Metoda pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berupa bimbingan teknis dengan teknik penyampaian ceramah yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi tentang TOGA serta demonstrasi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan cara mempraktekkan budidaya TOGA serta pegolahannya menjadi ramuan obat keluarga. Kegiatan ini telah terlaksana dan berhasil dengan baik. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dicermati antara lain meningkatnya pengetahuan para ibu rumah tangga melalui pemahaman tentang aneka jenis tanaman obat berbasis mangrove. Keterampilan penanaman dan pengolahan tanaman obat menjadi minuman kesehatan yang dapat diharapkan meningkatkan mutu kesehatan keluarga. Kegiatan ini tergolong berhasil karena terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta kegiatan, sebagian besar peserta menunjukkan ketrampilan yang memadai pada saat melakukan demonstrasi praktik langsung mulai dari pembuatan media tanam, penanaman, hingga pemeliharaan tanaman obat berbasis mangrove pada lahan pekarangan di Desa Sungai Rawa Kecamatan Sungai Apit