bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of Magnetic Field Switchbacks in Relation to the Local-field Geometry of Large-amplitude Alfvénic Oscillations: Wind and PSP Observations
Authors: Bourouaine Sofiane , Perez Jean C. , Raouafi Nour E. , Chandran Benjamin D. G. , Bale Stuart D. , Velli Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this Letter, we report observations of magnetic switchback (SB) features near 1 au using data from the Wind spacecraft. These features appear to be strikingly similar to the ones observed by the Parker Solar Probe mission closer to the Sun: namely, one-sided spikes (or enhancements) in the solar-wind bulk speed V that correlate/anticorrelate with the spikes seen in the radial-field component B

R
. In the solar-wind streams that we analyzed, these specific SB features near 1 au are associated with large-amplitude Alfvénic oscillations that propagate outward from the Sun along a local background (prevalent) magnetic field
B

0 that is nearly radial. We also show that, when
B

0 is nearly perpendicular to the radial direction, the large-amplitude Alfvénic oscillations display variations in V that are two sided (i.e., V alternately increases and decreases depending on the vector Δ
B
=
B
−
B

0). As a consequence, SBs may not always appear as one-sided spikes in V, especially at larger heliocentric distances where the local background field statistically departs from the radial direction. We suggest that SBs can be well described by large-amplitude Alfvénic fluctuations if the field rotation is computed with respect to a well-determined local background field that, in some cases, may deviate from the large-scale Parker field.
Triggering Mechanism for Eruption of Two Filaments Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, Nobeyama Radioheliograph, and RHESSI
Authors: Kim Sujin , Yurchyshyn Vasyl 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the eruptive process of two filaments, which is associated with an M-class flare that occurred in 2011 August 4. The filaments are partly overlapped, one in the active region and the other just beside it, and erupt together as a halo coronal mass ejection. For this study, we used the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Heliospheric Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the Nobeyama Radioheliograph 17 GHz, and the RHESSI Hard X-ray satellite. We found three distinct phases in the microwave flux profile and in the rising pattern of the filaments during the event. In the first phase, there was weak nonthermal emission at 17 GHz and hard X-rays. Those nonthermal sources appeared on one edge of the western filament (F2) in the active region. The F2 began to be bright and rose upward rapidly, while the eastern filament (F1), which was extended to the quiet region, started to brighten from the peak time of the 17 GHz flux. In the second phase, the nonthermal emission weakened and the F2 rose up slowly, while the F1 began to rise up. In the third phase, two filaments erupted together. Since the F1 was stable for a long time in the quiet region, breaking the equilibrium state of the F1 would be decisive for the successful eruption of two filaments and it seems clear that the evolution of the F2 provoked the unstable F1. We suggest that tether-cutting reconnection between two overlapped filaments triggers the eruption of the two filaments as a tangled identity.
Isotropization and Evolution of Energy-containing Eddies in Solar Wind Turbulence: Parker Solar Probe, Helios 1, ACE, WIND, and Voyager 1
Authors: Cuesta Manuel Enrique , Chhiber Rohit , Roy Sohom , Goodwill Joshua , Pecora Francesco , Jarosik Jake , Matthaeus William H. , Parashar Tulasi N. , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We examine the radial evolution of correlation lengths perpendicular (

λ

C

⊥

) and parallel (

λ

C

∥

) to the magnetic-field direction, computed from solar wind magnetic-field data measured by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during its first eight orbits, Helios 1, Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), WIND, and Voyager 1 spacecraft. Correlation lengths are grouped by an interval’s alignment angle; the angle between the magnetic-field and solar wind velocity vectors (ΘBV). Parallel and perpendicular angular channels correspond to angles 0° < ΘBV < 40° and 50° < ΘBV < 90°, respectively. We observe an anisotropy in the inner heliosphere within 0.40 au, with

λ

C

∥

/

λ

C

⊥

≈
0.75

at 0.10 au. This anisotropy reduces with increasing heliocentric distance and the correlation lengths roughly isotropize within 1 au. Results from ACE and WIND support a reversal of the anisotropy, such that

λ

C

∥

/

λ

C

⊥

≈
1.29

at 1 au. The ratio does not appear to change significantly beyond 1 au, although the small number of parallel intervals in the Voyager data set precludes unambiguous conclusions from being drawn. This study provides insights regarding the radial evolution of the large, most energetic interacting turbulent fluctuations in the heliosphere. We also emphasize the importance of tracking the changes in sampling direction in PSP measurements as the spacecraft approaches the Sun, when using these data to study the radial evolution of turbulence. This can prove to be vital in understanding the more complex dynamics of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere and can assist in improving related simulations.
Consistency of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Signal with a Nanohertz Gravitational-wave Background
Authors: Goncharov Boris , Thrane Eric , Shannon Ryan M. , Harms Jan , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Hobbs George , Kerr Matthew , Manchester Richard N. , Reardon Daniel J. , Russell Christopher J. , Zhu Xing-Jiang , Zic Andrew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pulsar timing array experiments have recently reported strong evidence for a common-spectrum stochastic process with a strain spectral index consistent with that expected of a nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background, but with negligible yet non-zero evidence for spatial correlations required for a definitive detection. However, it was pointed out by the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) collaboration that the same models used in recent analyses resulted in strong evidence for a common-spectrum process in simulations where none is present. In this work, we introduce a methodology to distinguish pulsar power spectra with the same amplitude from noise power spectra of similar but distinct amplitudes. The former is the signature of a spatially uncorrelated pulsar term of a nanohertz gravitational-wave background, whereas the latter could represent ensemble pulsar noise properties. We test the methodology on simulated data sets. We find that the reported common process in PPTA pulsars is indeed consistent with the spectral feature of a pulsar term. We recommend this methodology as one of the validity tests that the real astrophysical and cosmological backgrounds should pass, as well as for inferences about the spatially uncorrelated component of the background.
No Detection of Sodium in the Atmosphere of the Warm Neptune HD 106315c
Authors: Zak Jiri , Boffin Henri M. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyzed archival data of the warm Neptune HD 106315c, an exoplanet with an extended atmosphere orbiting an F-type star with a 21 days period. We used data from the HARPS instrument covering three transits and employed the high-resolution transmission spectroscopy technique. Our analysis yielded a non-detection of sodium with an upper limit of 0.24% on the depth of the planetary feature. This can hint at the presence of Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere and/or clouds in the upper atmosphere. The HD 106315 system with its two Neptune-sized planets remains an intriguing target for comparative planetology in the starting era of JWST and the upcoming Ariel mission.
Paul Didier, le juge qui a dit publiquement non à Pétain
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2022

Le 2 septembre 1941, Paul Didier est le seul magistrat à refuser de prêter serment de fidélité au maréchal Pétain. Il est arrêté, révoqué et interné au camp de Châteaubriant avant d'être assigné à résidence. Cet acte courageux et d'une grande force symbolique n'est pas le seul engagement de cette forte personnalité tout au long de sa carrière, dans un parcours au service des valeurs de la justice. Mais, ce jour-là, le refus public du juge Didier de prêter serment, contrairement à une version reconstruite après-guerre, n'est pas concerté avec les quelques magistrats résistants qui eux prêtent serment afin de pouvoir continuer leur lutte clandestine.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - Role of Non-Invasive Tests
Authors: Yelkur Kiran Kumar , Valeti Mahidhar , Kankanala Sumanth , Jekkyreddy Sahithi , Gade Mithila 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in the majority of the patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery has been shown to improve clinical measurements and liver histology of NAFLD. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on NAFLD in Indian patients with severe obesity using noninvasive parameters.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on 67 patients who underwent bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass). The Asia-Pacific Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Society guidelines were followed to ensure the indications for bariatric surgery. Data collected included anthropometrics, biochemical parameters, and other noninvasive parameters.

Results:
Fifty-four patients were included in the final analysis, with the majority being males (54.2%). The mean age was 44.77 ± 12.64 years old. One-year follow-up postsurgery demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in total weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction (P < 0.00001). Mean NAFLD fibrosis scores improved from −1.70 to −1.95; however, the improvement was not statistically significant (P = 0.4295). Biochemical improvement was found in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0169) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.0004). Concomitantly, significant improvements in AST to Platelet Ratio Index score, BMI, AST/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes score, and liver stiffness measurement on Fibroscan (8.9 ± 1.01 pka [initial] to 7.2 ± 0.40 pka [follow-up]) were observed.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest a beneficial association of bariatric surgery in NAFLD patients. Bariatric surgery is found to induce weight loss significantly and improve liver functions as measured by noninvasive parameters. Further, long-term studies are needed to consolidate these results.
Maternal Pulse Waveform in Second Trimester and Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: S Sharan Raj , Rasendrakumar Niruby , Sharma Nidhi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Preeclampsia is a multisystem heterogeneous disorder occurring in 4%–7% of all pregnancies.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to define the relation between arterial stiffness and perinatal outcome in a tertiary care center. The relationship between maternal pulse wave augmentation index and adverse perinatal outcome is explored in this study.

Materials and Methods:
Peripheral pulse waveform of the brachial artery and mean arterial pressure measurement was performed in the second trimester in women with singleton pregnancy. Preeclampsia was recorded in (7%) of all pregnancies.

Results:
Abnormal peripheral pulse wave augmentation in the second trimester is a good tool for the prediction of preeclampsia (sensitivity 91.23% and specificity 99.06%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Increased peripheral augmentation index (>2 SD) and mean arterial pressure measurement in combination have better detection rates for early-onset preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Metabolic Syndrome Among Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Azeez Taoreed A. , Adeleye Jokotade , Omololu Enigbokan A. , Adejimi Bolaji , Oladapo John S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular death. The objectives of this study were to find the frequency of metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and to compare the modified National Cholesterol Education Program on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults—Adults Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved 134 participants. Sixty-seven were cases with type 2 diabetes, whereas the rest were the controls without type 2 diabetes. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained using standard protocols. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Means were compared with Student’s t-test, whereas proportions were compared with Pearson’s χ2 test. Point biserial correlation was used to determine the association between the dichotomous variables and interval variables. Agreement between the criteria was tested with Cohen’s kappa test.

Results:
Type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and truncal obesity. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was lower with the IDF criteria compared with the modified NCEP criteria (65.7% vs. 71.6%). Although there was a strong agreement between the IDF and the modified NCEP criteria (κ=0.862; P<0.0001), the IDF criteria missed 8.3% of diabetic individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome by the modified NCEP criteria. Cardiovascular risk is better predicted when the modified NCEP criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:
Metabolic syndrome is very common among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes, and it is better diagnosed with the modified NCEP ATP III criteria.
Factors Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Punjot Pankaj , Bishnoi Ravin , Kant Ravi , Sharma Suresh K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem globally. It is estimated that approximately 50% of people with diabetes suffer from diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). All patients with diabetes should be screened for peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore and determine the factors associated with peripheral neuropathy.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with type 2 DM and with peripheral neuropathy at a patient visiting diabetes clinic of a tertiary care center. Neuropathy analysis was done by a peripheral neuropathy analyzer (Vibrotherm: EN ISO 13485:2012). The test consisted of four different steps: The first step was vibration perception for a six-point assessment of each foot; then, cold perception; hot perception; and finally, a 10g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Result:
Out of 50 patients, the maximum were male (70%); mean age was 55.80 ± 11.48 years; 50% were living in urban areas, 40% in rural areas, and 10% in semi-urban areas; 34% were farmers, 26% were doing jobs, 24% were housewives, and 16% were businessmen. The mean duration of type 2 DM was 8.34 ± 7.89 years, and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) was 9.47 ± 3.17. Overall, 44 patients had neuropathy; among them, 29 had only large fiber neuropathy, 42 had small fiber neuropathy, and 27 had both small and large fiber neuropathy. Large fiber neuropathy was found to be significantly associated with HbA1c level and the duration of DM, and mixed fiber neuropathy was found to be significantly associated with the age of the participants (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Peripheral neuropathy is very common in patients with type 2 DM; it is associated with age, level of HbA1c, and the duration of DM, so early action should be taken to mitigate its occurrence.
Thyroid Function Tests in Euthyroid Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women
Authors: Padmakumar Arya , Dias Lucetta Amelia , Sharma Nidhi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Pregnancy is associated with significant but reversible changes in thyroid functions, which may exacerbate thyroid disorders or improve thyroid disorders.

Objectives:
The present study was done to find out changes in thyroid function tests in each trimester in normal pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women in a tertiary healthcare center.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of 80 euthyroid women in the age group of 16–40 years was done. Twenty were non-pregnant and 20 were from first, second, and third trimesters each. Serum level measurement of T3, T4, and TSH was done with chemiluminescence technique.

Results:
The results of the study showed a progressive decrease in the mean values of FT3 and FT4, with a significant decrease in FT3 (P-value < 0.0001) and FT4 (P-value =0.0129) only in the third trimester. There was a progressive increase in the mean TSH levels through the pregnancy; however, there was no significant increase when compared with the non-pregnant women.

Conclusion:
There is a significant increase in serum T3 and T4 in pregnancy. Specific reference intervals should be used to identify the patients at risk and to take early interventions of treatment.
Utilization of Dental Health-Care Services by Accredited Social Health Activist and Anganwadi Workers in Lucknow District
Authors: Khoisnam Dyashwari Devi , Reddy L. Vamsi Krishna , Sinha Pooja M. , Goutham B. S. , Saha Sonali 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi workers are grassroots-level health activists who are involved in health education and community mobilization and form a bond between the community and the primary health-care delivery system in India. The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dental health-care utilization and to estimate the dentition and periodontal status of ASHA and Anganwadi workers.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the primary health centers and subcenters of Lucknow District. ASHA and Anganwadi workers presented on the day of the examination were included in the study. The study pro forma was used to record demographic details and dental utilization. Dentition status and periodontal status were used to record dental caries and periodontal status using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form 2013. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21; descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and regression analysis were used to assess factors related to health-care utilization and P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The final study sample comprised 500 health-care workers (220 ASHA and 280 Anganwadi workers). Among the study population, 30% utilized dental services and was found to be statistically significant with age, occupation, and oral findings. However, 56.0% had both dental caries and periodontal diseases followed by dental caries[FIGURE DASH]32.0%, periodontal disease[FIGURE DASH]8.0%. There was a significant difference (P < 0.005) in the proportion of dental care utilization and oral diseases among participants.

Conclusions:
The dental care utilization was found to be short and is not comparative to the diseases among participants.
Awareness, Anxiety, and Stress among Health-Care Workers Deployed in Swab Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Konduru Mounika , Kumar RVS Krishna , Reddy V Chandrasekhara , Gomasani Srinivasulu , Reddy Veguru Prathyusha , Prasanth P Symon 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Swab collection is a challenging task, and the health-care workers (HCWs) have to face many difficulties while collecting swab samples of suspected patients. They often need to counsel the suspects as some think they do not have an infection but carry fear. Appropriate precautions should be taken in collecting specimens since this may expose HCWs to respiratory secretions from the suspects.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to assess awareness, anxiety, and stress among HCWs deployed in swab collection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 102 HCWs filled out the questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. Google Forms were sent through WhatsApp and email. The participants were asked to forward the link to other known people who were also deployed in swab collection. The study took place in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, for 1 month.

Results:
About 73.5% of HCWs underwent training in swab collection. 90% of the undergraduates and 89% of the postgraduates were unhappy while staying away from family. Most of the study participants continued to wear personal protective equipment until completion of the working period. 39 of 44 undergraduates felt that swab collection was a high-risk job, and 42 of 55 postgraduates felt the same.

Conclusion:
Most of the HCWs are unhappy staying away from their family while deployed in swab collection. Majority of them reported swab collection as a high-risk job. As they are frontline workers, an enhanced variety of support should be offered. Psychosocial support and effective measures should be made readily available to them.
Impact of Dentures on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Assisted Living Facility Elders, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Shaik Parveen Sultana , Medapati Anuhya , Pachava Srinivas , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Ravoori Srinivas , Palli Chinnababu 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Dentures can improve dental function and appearance in older people, but they may reduce oral health-related quality of life. Further research is needed to determine how denture wearing affects the general health and well-being of assisted living home residents.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed among 587 inmates of old-age homes in Andhra Pradesh with a self-administered, pretested questionnaire that consists of two sections. The first section of the questionnaire includes information on demographic factors and duration of stay in an old-age home, and data about denture maintenance and usage. The second section of the questionnaire consists of an Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). For data presentation and analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics was used; descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and correlation were employed. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
In this study, the total satisfaction rate of complete denture (CD) users with good responses was 21.4% and for removable partial denture (RPD) users was 23.7%, which was statistically significant and was positively correlated. The overall OHIP for 1–5 years of denture users was high, with a mean of 53.8 ± 78.102, and a statistically significant difference existed between the CD and RPD users (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:
The overall satisfaction rate of RPD users was higher than the CD users and esthetics mainly impacts the satisfaction of dentures and the overall OHIP for 1–5 years of denture users was high.