bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected reversal of oceanic stable carbon isotope ratio depth gradient with continued anthropogenic carbon emissions
Authors: Kwon Eun Young , Timmermann Axel , Tipple Brett J. , Schmittner Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPaleoceanographic records suggest that the present-day vertical gradient in the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean was reversed during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, an early period of relatively rapid release of carbon into the climate system. Here we present simulations from an observationally constrained ocean model under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. We project a decrease in the globally averaged δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface ocean of between −1.8 to −6.3 ‰ by 2100. This reduction is driven by oceanic absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, which is depleted in carbon-13. Our findings suggest an elimination or reversal of the natural vertical gradient in the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon by 2100 unless anthropogenic carbon emissions are reduced soon. We conclude that the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum is a geologic analogue of future global carbon cycle perturbations under continued rapid anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Event‐triggered MPC for linear systems with bounded disturbances: An accumulated error based approach
Authors: He Ning , Du Jiawei , Xu Zhongxian , Chen Jiaxuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel accumulated error based event‐triggered model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is put forward on the basis of the dual‐mode control strategy and state‐feedback control for constrained continuous‐time linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with constraints and bounded disturbances. First, a new event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is constructed based on the accumulated error (AE) between the optimal state trajectory and the real state trajectory. Next, in order to stabilize the system, the dual‐mode event‐triggered MPC strategy is established. Then, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the algorithm feasibility, system stability, and to avoid the Zeno behavior. Finally, the numerical simulation shows the validity of the algorithm.
Physics‐informed neural network method for modelling beam‐wall interactions
Authors: Fujita Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mesh‐free approach for modelling beam‐wall interactions in particle accelerators is proposed. The key idea of our method is to use a deep neural network as a surrogate for the solution to a set of partial differential equations involving the particle beam, and the surface impedance concept. The proposed approach is applied to the coupling impedance of an infinitely long vacuum chamber with a thin conductive coating, and also verified in comparison with traditional numerical methods.
Standardising the assessment of caesarean birth using an oxford caesarean prediction score for mothers with gestational diabetes
Authors: Lu Huiqi , Hirst Jane , Yang Jenny , Mackillop Lucy , Clifton David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMothers with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of giving birth by caesarean section. A standardised assessment method may help to guide in recommendations in planning caesarean birth. We analysed 203 women with gestational diabetes managed in a single centre and developed an aggregate heuristic risk score. Among 155 women who had not had a previous caesarean birth, five risk factors (previous birth, weight gain during pregnancy, mother's height, and glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose results at the beginning of pregnancy) were found associated with primary caesarean birth. Risk of primary caesarean birth in low‐risk women (score 0–1) was 13.8%, medium‐risk (score 2–3) 24.5% and high risk (score ≥ 4) 66.7%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for primary caesarean birth prediction is 0.726 ± 0.003. Machine learning models were then deployed on 97 patients to explore the role of temporal blood glucose in predicting caesarean birth, achieving an AUROC of 0.857 ± 0.008. In conclusion, Oxford caesarean prediction score could help clinicians counselling women with gestational diabetes about their individual risk of primary caesarean birth. Temporal blood glucose measurements may improve the prediction subject to further validation.
Anti‐angiogenic and anticancer activities of the nanoemulsions synthesized from Trachyspermum ammi L. tincture against human colon adenorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Azaraz Syavash , Es‐haghi Ali , Neamati Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize nanoemulsions using Trachyspermum ammi tincture. The nanoemulsion specifications are characterized by TEM, DLS, and zeta potential. The anti‐tumour and cell toxicity effects of the biosynthesized nanoemulsions are evaluated by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and MTT assays, respectively. For the CAM test, the length and number of blood vessels are evaluated around the gelatine sponge. According to DLS analysis, the nanoemulsions synthesized by the T. ammi tincture have an average hydrodynamic size of 34 nm. The cytotoxicity test shows little toxicity for the nanoemulsions against human foreskin fibroblast cells. On the other hand, the fabricated nanoemulsions show dose‐ and time‐dependent toxicity against colon cancer cells (HT‐29) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780) with an IC50 of 14 and 0.72 μg/ml, respectively. According to the CAM assay, the number and length of blood vessels and dose dependency significantly decrease after exposure to different concentrations of the nanoemulsions. In this study, a simple approach for the biosynthesis of nanoemulsions is explained. The nanoemulsions show dose‐dependent cytotoxic effects against HT‐29 colon cancer cells and inhibit the formation of blood vessels. The observed bioeffects indicate the potential of the fabricated nanoemulsions as effective chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
Study of medium frequency transformer by using ultra‐thin silicon steel sheet in DC‐DC converter
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Cao Xiongxiong , Zhang Shichong , Wang Yang , Zhou Xiu , Su Zhonghuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of poor thermal stability and high frequency noise of transformer in traditional DC‐DC converter, the medium frequency transformer in isolated DC‐DC converter is designed and studied, which adopts 0.15 mm ultra‐thin silicon steel sheet. Firstly, the magnetism of ultra‐thin silicon steel is measured by using single‐piece silicon steel sheet measuring device, and the B‐H curves and B‐P curves at different frequencies are given. According to the magnetic measurement results, the electromagnetic scheme of three port medium frequency transformer is designed by AP method and applied the particle swarm algorithm to further design under the constraint of loss minimization. Secondly the three‐winding transformer of DC‐DC converter is optimized and simulated. The magnetic flux density, loss, temperature field distribution, output voltage and current waveform of the transformer under different working conditions are given. Finally, the 20 kW DC‐DC converter was manufactured and the magnetic characteristics of the medium frequency transformer were experimented to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.
A priori and a posteriori error estimates for the quad-curl eigenvalue problem
Authors: Wang Lixiu , Zhang Qian , Sun Jiguang , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider a priori and a posteriori error estimates of the H(curl2)-conforming finite element when solving the quad-curl eigenvalue problem. An a priori estimate of eigenvalues with convergence order 2(s − 1) is obtained if the corresponding eigenvector u ∈ Hs − 1(Ω) and ∇ × u ∈ Hs(Ω). For the a posteriori estimate, by analyzing the associated source problem, we obtain lower and upper bounds for the errors of eigenvectors in the energy norm and upper bounds for the errors of eigenvalues. Numerical examples are presented for validation.
Entwicklungen im Verständnis und der Behandlung myeloproliferativer Neoplasien
Authors: Schmidt Stefan , Wolf Dominik 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Ropeg-Interferon als Standard der High- (und bald) Low-Risk-Polycythaemia-vera Bei der Polycythaemia vera (PV) steht mit Ropeg-Interferon erstmals eine zugelassene Therapieoption mit krankheitsmodifizierendem Effekt im Sinne einer deutlichen Reduktion der Allele-Last zur Verfügung. Ropeg-Interferon ist damit Standard für die PV bei Indikation zur zytoreduktiven Therapie. Auch bei der Low-Risk-PV, die bisher „nur“ mit Aderlässen und niedrigdosierter Acetylsalicylsäure ASS (100 mg) behandelt wurde, zeigt sich eine hohe Rate an Aderlass-Unabhängigkeit und auch ein molekulares Ansprechen. Das Paradigma, dass nur Hochrisiko-PV zytoreduktiv behandelt werden, wird in Zukunft mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit fallen.
Neue JAK-Inhibitoren in der Myelofibrose bei Ruxolitinib-Versagen/-Toxizität Fedratinib erzielt in der Behandlung der Myelofibrose eine Reduktion der Splenomegalie und der Symptomlast, auch in einer mit Ruxolitinib vorbehandelten Kohorte. Somit steht erstmals eine therapeutisch wirksame Alternative für Patienten zur Verfügung, die Ruxolitinib-refraktär bzw. -intolerant sind.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasien und sterile Entzündungsprozesse Sterile Entzündungsprozesse wie beispielsweise der Alarmin-Komplex spielen in der Pathogenese und Progression der MPN eine wesentliche Rolle. Hierbei werden inflammatorische Zytokine nicht nur von mutierten Zellen, sondern auch von nicht mutierten Umgebungszellen sezerniert; sie prägen den Krankheitsphänotyp und begünstigen die Entstehung und Expansion mutierter Subklone.
Längsschnittstudie der KFZ-Diät über 18 Jahre
Authors: Gawron Eva , Sponer Ursula , Guderlei Maike , Küchenhoff Helmut , Adam Olaf 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Low-Fat- und die Low-Carb-Diät haben durch die Betonung eines Energieträgers unerwünschte Stoffwechselwirkungen, u. a. durch die Insulinantwort und Fettspeicherung. Die KFZ-Diät hat sich als vollwertige, abwechslungsreiche und alltagstaugliche Reduktionskost bewährt und kann Langzeiterfolge bis zu 18 Jahren aufweisen. Die Abkürzung KFZ steht hierbei für Kohlenhydrate, Fett und Zwischenmahlzeiten.
The Design and Synthesis of Phenylcyclopropane-Based Secondary Amine Catalysts and Their Applications in Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Kano Taichi , Takeshima Aika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost chiral secondary amine catalysts are usually synthesized from chiral amino acids and their derivatives. On the other hand, amine catalysts based on a binaphthyl backbone have previously been developed, and show unique chemo- and stereoselectivity in several asymmetric reactions. However, in spite of their utility, the applications of binaphthyl-based amines in asymmetric reactions are still rare due to their synthetic inefficiency. In this context, we have designed amine catalysts possessing a phenylcyclopropane scaffold as a novel chiral motif. These novel catalysts can be synthesized easily and construct a similar chiral environment to that of binaphthyl-based amine catalysts. In addition, a phenylcyclopropane-based amino sulfonamide is found to be an effective catalyst for syn-selective Mannich reactions and conjugate additions using alkynyl Z-ketimines.1	Introduction2	Design and Synthesis of Novel Chiral Secondary Amine Catalysts3	Performance Evaluation of Phenylcyclopropane-Based Amine Catalysts4	Development of Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by a Novel Chiral Amino Sulfonamide5	Conclusions
[4+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Aza-o-quinone Methides with Fulvenes: Construction of Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Wang Gang , He Zhao-Lin , Cheng Hang , Yan Ding-Ce 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn efficient [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of fulvenes with aza-o-quinone methides, generated in situ from N-(o-chloromethyl)aryl sulfonamides with the assistance of a base, has been developed to afford a series of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aza-o-quinone methides and fulvenes bearing four- to seven-membered rings to afford the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines in moderate to good yields. Based on a literature analysis, a plausible mechanism for this [4+2] cycloaddition is proposed.
The Influence of Different Occlusal Loading on Six Restorative Materials for Restoration of Abfraction Lesions—Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Jakupović Selma , Šehić Adnan , Julardžija Fuad , Gavranović-Glamoč Alma , Sofić Amela , Bajsman Anita , Kazazić Lejla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of stress on teeth with abfraction lesions restored with six different restorative materials, and by introducing the tensile strength parameters to calculate the safety factor of the material under the load (ratio between the strength of the material and the maximum stress).
Materials and Methods Three-dimensional models of the mandibular premolar are created from a microcomputed tomography images. An abfraction lesion is modeled on the tooth. The stress of the dental tissues and six restorative materials under functional and nonfunctional occlusal loading of 200 (N) are analyzed by finite element method.
Statistical Analysis CTAn program 1.10 and ANSYS Workbench (version 14.0) were used for analysis. Results are presented in von Mises stress.
Results Oblique loads caused ≈ four times higher stress in restorative materials than the axial ones. It is noticeable that high values of von Mises stress are measured at the bottom of the sharp lesion, even up to 240 MPa, that are significantly reduced after the restoration. The highest stresses at the restorative material are present at the lower (gingival) margin of the restoration. The highest stresses under both types of loads are measured in nanohybrid composite (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent). The lowest values of the stress are measured in the flowable composite (Tetric Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent), but at the same time, the highest value of the stress is measured in the surrounding dental tissues on the tooth restored with the flowable composite. The microhybrid composite (Herculite XR, Kerr), with the highest safety factor, is the material that best withstands the stresses it is exposed to. The obtained safety factor did not exceed the critical limit, except for the glass ionomer cement, with the safety factor lower than 1.
Conclusion The type of tooth loading has the greatest influence on the intensity of stress. The value of the obtained stresses in the restorative material and dental tissues differ due to the different mechanical properties of the materials. Restoration of noncarious lesions significantly reduces extremely high stress values at their bottom.
An Audit of the Technical Quality and Iatrogenic Errors of Root Canal Treatment by Undergraduate Dental Students at the University of Sharjah
Authors: Al Shehadat Saaid , El-Kishawi Mohamed , AlMudalal Asma , AlSaqer Asma , Nassar Aya , Zihlif Leena , Mahmoud Yazan , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the technical quality of root canal fillings and the presence of iatrogenic errors in the cases treated by undergraduate dental students using radiographic images.
Materials and Methods This study included 480 root-filled teeth, which were evaluated using intraoral periapical radiographic images. The technical quality of obturation was assessed by observing the length, density, and taperness of the root filling. Ledges, apical transportation, fractured instruments, zipping, and root perforation were recorded as iatrogenic errors. Teeth were classified as acceptable if the technical parameters were adequate and there were no iatrogenic errors.
Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test.
Results The quality of root filling was acceptable in 183 of the 480 teeth. The rate of acceptable quality was higher for the teeth treated by 4th-year students (41.9%) than for those treated by 5th-year students (27.4%; p = 0.004). Length and taperness were adequate in more of the patients treated by the 4th-year students (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of ledge formation and apical transportation in relation to the student's level (p<0.05).
Conclusions The technical quality of root fillings performed without iatrogenic errors by undergraduate dental students was declared acceptable in 38.1% of the assessed teeth. There was a noticeable difference in the quality of root canal treatment between the 4th- and 5th-year students.
Clinical Relevance The findings demonstrate that periodic assessment of the technical quality of root filling performed by undergraduate dental students provides feedback on curriculum standards.
Experience of Simultaneous Bilateral Open Surgery and VATS for Pulmonary Metastasectomy
Authors: Liu Yu-Wei , Chou Andre , Chou Shah-Hwa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Resection is the current treatment of choice for resectable bilateral pulmonary metastases. This study aimed to compare the differences in outcomes between simultaneous bilateral open and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary metastasectomy.
Methods Forty-three patients underwent pulmonary metastasectomy through one-stage bilateral open thoracotomy (n = 16) and VATS (n = 27) between 2011 and 2020. Perioperative and oncological data were analyzed.
Results The predominant primary tumor histology in both groups was colorectal cancer. The operative time, blood loss, and pain score on postoperative day 1 (POD1) were higher in the open group (p < 0.001, 0.009, and 0.03, respectively). No significant differences in pain score on POD2 and POD3, postoperative length of stay, or complications were found. Notably, numbers of the resected metastatic lung nodules were significantly greater in the open group (median number: 9.5 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were comparable. The median RFS was 15 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6–22) in the open group and 18 months (IQR, 8–47) in the VATS group. The median OS was 28 months (IQR, 14–44) and 29 months (IQR, 15–54) in the open group and VATS group, respectively.
Conclusion One-stage bilateral pulmonary metastasectomy is safe and reduces medical expenditures in selected patients regardless of surgical approach. Although the open group harbored a greater number of metastatic foci, perioperative and oncological outcomes were similar to that of the VATS group.
Sporttherapie bei Depression
Authors: Herbsleb Marco 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDepressive Menschen sind im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung körperlich eher inaktiv. Sie leiden häufiger unter Herz- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen oder chronischen Entzündungen. Und sie sterben deutlich früher. Ziel der Sporttherapie bei Depression sollte, neben der Verringerung depressiver Symptomatiken, auch die Senkung der erhöhten Komorbidität und Mortatlität sein.
Proximity enhanced magnetism at NiFe2O4/Graphene interface
Authors: Schulz N. , Chanda A. , Datt G. , Kamalakar M. Venkata , Sarkar T. , Phan M. H. , Srikanth H. 
Published: March 2022

Here, we explore the change in effective magnetic anisotropy of the ferrimagnetic (FM) insulator nickel ferrite (NFO) thin film due to the inclusion of monolayer graphene (MLG) grown on top of the NFO layer. This was done by performing radio frequency (RF) transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements on bare NFO and NFO/MLG bilayer samples for both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) configurations utilizing a tunnel diode oscillator technique. Our magnetometry measurements indicated an enhancement in the overall saturation magnetization of the NFO/MLG bilayer with respect to the bare NFO film. The TS measurements reveal that the inclusion of MLG reduces the effective magnetic anisotropy for both IP and OOP configurations drastically, by up to a factor of 2 over the temperature range 40 K ≤ T ≤ 280 K. Since NFO is a magnetic substrate, it is possible that NFO could induce magnetic ordering in MLG at the NFO/MLG interface via the magnetic proximity effect. Furthermore, since NFO is insulating and MLG is a semimetal, there likely exists a large conductivity difference at the interface, making charge transfer plausible. These two effects could modify the interfacial magnetism leading to a change in the effective magnetic anisotropy. These results highlight the importance of understanding the interfacial magnetism of FM/MLG heterostructures.
Study of porous rubber pipes reinforced with waste tire fiber and pineapple leaf fiber for smart irrigation system
Authors: Junpunya M , Ou-udomying B , Amornsakchai T , Jangchud I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Global trend in waste management involves sustainable development for waste utilization according to the concept of circular economy. Wastes from worn-out tires have been known as a world problem and not yet to be resolved successfully. In this work, wastes from worn-out tires, i.e., ground tire rubber (GTR), reclaimed rubber (RR) and waste tire fiber (WTF) were used to produce reinforced porous rubber pipes as irrigation system for smart farming. Comparative study of porous rubber pipes reinforced with natural fibers (pineapple leaf fiber, PALF) was also carried out. The experiment was divided into 2 parts, i.e., porous sheets (model study) and extruded porous pipes. Compound samples were prepared by mixing GTR, RR, and natural rubber (NR) at a ratio of 60:20:20 (by weight) with other additives by using an internal mixer, then shaped into samples by using a compression molding machine (sheets) and a single-screw extruder (pipes). Samples were vulcanized by a hot air oven. Factors affecting sample properties were studied, such as, fiber types (WTF and PALF) and fiber loadings (0-15 phr). Properties of the samples were characterized, such as, mechanical properties, morphology, water permeability rate, and %diameter swell. It was found that tensile strength was increased up to an optimum point. Modulus (at 10% strain, M10) and hardness were increased with increasing fiber loading. However, %elongation at break had a trend to decrease. Morphologies of the composites made from both fibers were insignificantly different in fiber distribution. By adding the fibers, %diameter swell was clearly improved. Pipe samples were also tested in precision smart agriculture system. It can be proven that WTF and PALF can be used to reinforce the porous pipes and used as a watering device for precision irrigation system.
Study of non-negligible chemical reduction of ZnO in the rubber industry
Authors: Wilaiwong W , Smitthipong W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although the presence of small portion of zinc in the tire industry has been employed as activator, it should be concerned as the non-negligible chemical toxics and risks. The aim of this work was to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) on physical and mechanical properties of tire rubber compound. The control characteristics of the composites were determined by the composites of practical compounds and vulcanizates by filling of sulfur and curing of a hot press machine. The properties of the composites, i.e. Mooney viscosity, curing time, tension, etc, were characterized. Generally, ZnO could work coupled with stearic acid (SA), the experimental was prepared by reducing ZnO at 20% and reducing stearic acid at approximately ratio to prevent excessive amount. The comparative data revealed the trend of the changes in the physical and mechanical properties just not lower at the same percentage. This recognized study supports the high possibilities in enhancing low ZnO and stearic acid content typical.