bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low PrEP adherence despite high retention among transgender women in Brazil: the PrEParadas study
Authors: Jalil Emilia M. , Torres Thiago S. , Luz Paula M. , Monteiro Laylla , Moreira Ronaldo I. , de Castro Cristiane R. V. , Leite Iuri da C. , Cunha Marcello , de Cássia Elias Estrela Rita , Ramos Michelle , Hoagland Brenda , Wagner Cardoso Sandra , Anderson Peter , Veloso Valdilea G. , Wilson Erin , Grinsztejn Beatriz ,   for the PrEParadas Study Team
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to evaluate daily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, retention, and adherence and predictors of study non‐attendance and low PrEP adherence in a Brazilian trans‐specific 48‐week study (PrEParadas).MethodsWe enrolled transgender women (TGW) engaging in high‐risk sexual behaviours between August 2017 and December 2018. PrEP adherence was based on tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots (DBS). We used random effects logistic regression models and ordinal models to estimate the odds of having a missed visit and of low PrEP adherence, respectively. Multivariable models were adjusted for variables with p‐value<0.10 in the univariate analysis.ResultsFrom the 271 eligible, 130 participants were enrolled in the study (PrEP uptake: 48%), out of which 111 (85.4%) were retained at 48 weeks. Multivariable model for study non‐attendance included study visit, age, main sexual partner and stimulant use. The odds of missing a visit increased after the week 24. Participants aged 18–24 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.76, 95% CI: 2.09–36.7) and 25–34 years (aOR = 6.79, 95% CI: 1.72–26.8) compared to TGW aged 35+ years had significantly higher odds of having a missed visit. The odds of a missed visit were higher among participants reporting stimulant use (aOR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.37–18.1) compared to no stimulant use. DBS levels at week 48 showed that 42 (38.5%), 14 (12.8%) and 53 (48.6%) of 109 participants had low, moderate and high PrEP adherence. Multivariable model for low PrEP adherence included study visit, age, schooling, race/colour, housing, binge drinking, stimulant use, feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) use and received text message. Low PrEP adherence was significantly higher among participants with less years of schooling (aOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 1.30–34.5) and had a borderline association with Black colour/race (aOR = 6.72, 95% CI: 0.94–47.8). Participants using the FHT available at the site had decreased odds of low PrEP adherence (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.88). No participant seroconverted over the course of the study.ConclusionsAlthough high PrEP retention can be achieved in a gender‐affirming setting, PrEP adherence may be an important challenge faced among TGW due to social disparities. The scale‐up of prevention tools like PrEP will have to address systemic social determinants as these stand as important barriers for TGW's access to health services.
Does cyberloafing and person‐organization fit affect employee performance? The mediating role of innovative work behavior
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Fajar Wahyudi , Kistyanto Anang , Surjanti Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to find out whether cyberloafing and person‐organization fit has a positive effect on employee performance, and whether innovative work behavior plays a mediating role in this relationship. The study takes a quantitative approach using partial least squares structural equation modelling with data from 210 online questionnaires that were distributed to employees in the banking sector in Indonesia who had access to the internet at the workplace, and were allowed to use it for non‐work activities (i.e., cyberloafing). The study shows a positive relationship between innovative work behavior, and both cyberloafing and person‐organization fit. It also shows that innovative work behavior acts as a mediator between cyberloafing, person‐organization fit, and employee performance. The study advances the management literature by showing how cyberloafing and person‐organization fit influences employee performance through innovative work behavior, and provides new insights into the antecedents of cyberloafing. In addition, by clarifying the type of situations in which practitioners should adopt a positive or negative view towards cyberloafing, it provides guidance for those who wish to address the issue of cyberloafing and employee performance in their organization.
Exciton‐Like and Mid‐Gap Absorption Dynamics of PtS in Resonant and Transparent Regions
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Dong Ningning , McEvoy Niall , Wang Lei , Wang Hongqiang , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo essential ranges of energy within and out of bandgap determine the global optical property of a general semiconductor. Here, exciton‐like inter‐sub‐band resonance absorption and optical bleaching of platinum sulfide (PtS) in the resonant region are found and investigated through the linear optical spectra and ultrafast transient absorption spectra. Besides, free‐carrier absorption and defect‐assisted Auger recombination in the transparent region are identified via the intensity‐ and temperature‐dependent pump–probe experiments. Good experimental and theorical agreements are obtained using the mid‐gap carrier‐capture model considering the complex optical conductivity based on the rate equations. This work facilitates further understanding of the ultrafast photoinduced carrier behavior in PtS, which provides the possibility for future applications in photoelectric devices.
An Intelligent Programmable Omni‐Metasurface
Authors: Hu Qi , Zhao Jianmin , Chen Ke , Qu Kai , Yang Weixu , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReconfigurable metasurfaces have emerged as a versatile platform for reshaping the wireless environment into a desirable form at low cost. Despite the rapid growth, most of the existing metasurfaces only support reflection operation or transmission operation, only providing service coverage of backward or forward half‐space when they are used for wireless communications. Here, an intelligent programmable omni‐metasurface integrating reflection mode, transmission mode, and duplex mode of simultaneous reflection and transmission modes in the same polarization and frequency channel is proposed, capable of providing ubiquitous full‐space service coverage for multiuser wireless communication applications. As exemplary demonstrations, a series of dynamic functionalities have been realized, including twin‐beam scanning in reflection mode, twin‐beam scanning in transmission mode, and identical/distinct dynamic beams for both forward and backward half‐spaces in duplex mode, which are customized for signal reflection, transmission, and simultaneous symmetric/asymmetric reflection and transmission in wireless communication scenarios. The proposed tunable omni‐metasurface provides a new method for full‐space wave manipulation, which may offer untapped potentials for real‐time, fast, and sophisticated wave control in applications such as miniaturized systems, integrated photonics, and intelligent communications.
Morphological Diversity from the Solution Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymer Blends Containing High Molecular‐Weight Hydrophobic Blocks
Authors: Lee Soo Jeong , Cho Arah , Kim Kyoung Taek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled structures of high molecular‐weight block copolymers (BCPs) can prematurely settle to local energy minima without reaching a time‐averaged equilibrium, resulting in the emergence of intriguing morphologies, such as 3D micellar networks. This nonergodic behavior is evident in binary blends of BCPs with different molecular weights. This study reports the solution self‐assembly of the blends of two branched‐linear BCPs with similar block chemistries but different molecular weights of the hydrophobic blocks. A progressive transition of morphologies from hexosomes and cubosomes to 3D micellar networks, short cylinders, and spherical micelles is demonstrated, which is driven by the increase in the composition of low‐molecular‐weight BCP in the blend. The labeling of the micellar networks using Au nanoparticles confirms that lower molecular‐weight BCP concentrates at the surface of micellar networks.
Milk‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Recovery of Intestinal Damage by Accelerating Intestinal Stem Cell‐Mediated Epithelial Regeneration
Authors: Lin Yingying , Lu Yao , Huang Ziyu , Wang Yuqi , Song Sijia , Luo Yujia , Ren Fazheng , Guo Huiyuan 
Published: March 2022

ScopeMilk‐derived small extracellular vesicles (M‐sEVs) are critical bioactive components in milk. They are considered to be regulators in milk that may have promising applications. Understanding their biological effects would be important in nutrition. Intestinal organoids and mice are used to explore the effects of M‐sEVs on intestinal regeneration.Methods and resultsM‐sEVs could be absorbed by intestinal epithelia and upregulate expression of the microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in milk: miR‐148a, miR‐22, miR‐30, and miR‐29a. Interestingly, M‐sEVs promote proliferation of intestinal epithelia and repairs the epithelial damage that is caused by tumor necrosis factor‐α in intestinal organoids. M‐sEVs ameliorate intestinal mucosa damage in mice caused by treatment with dextran sulfate sodium, as well as increasing expression of the intestinal stem cells (ISC) markers leucine‐rich repeat containing G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4), and Achaete‐Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 2 (Ascl2) and stimulating intestinal epithelial proliferation to repair epithelial damage. Furthermore, miR‐29 is more abundant in M‐sEVs‐treated mice, and miR‐29 could upregulate expression of ISC marker genes and accelerates intestinal regeneration to recover damaged intestinal epithelia.ConclusionsWe reveal that M‐sEVs and miR‐29 can accelerate intestinal stem cell‐mediated epithelial regeneration and repair epithelial damage.
SABRE hyperpolarized anticancer agents for use in 1H MRI
Authors: Fear Elizabeth J. , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Rayner Peter J. , Norcott Philip , Roy Soumya S. , Duckett Simon B. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEnabling drug tracking (distribution/specific pathways) with magnetic resonance spectroscopy requires manipulation (via hyperpolarization) of spin state populations and targets with sufficiently long magnetic lifetimes to give the largest possible window of observation. Here, we demonstrate how the proton resonances of a group of thienopyridazines (with known anticancer properties), can be amplified using the para‐hydrogen (p‐H2) based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization technique.MethodsThienopyridazine isomers, including a 2H version, were synthesized in house. Iridium‐based catalysts dissolved in a methanol‐d4 solvent facilitated polarization transfer from p‐H2 gas to the target thienopyridazines. Subsequent SABRE 1H responses of hyperpolarized thienopyridazines were completed (400 MHz NMR). Pseudo‐singlet state approaches were deployed to extend magnetic state lifetimes. Proof of principle spectral‐spatial images were acquired across a range of field strengths (7T‐9.4T MRI).Results1H‐NMR signal enhancements of −10,130‐fold at 9.4T (~33% polarization) were achieved on thieno[2,3‐d]pyridazine (T[2,3‐d]P), using SABRE under optimal mixing/field transfer conditions. 1H T1 lifetimes for the thienopyridazines were ~18‐50 s. Long‐lived state approaches extended the magnetic lifetime of target proton sites in T[2,3‐d]P from an average of 25‐40 seconds. Enhanced in vitro imaging (spatial and chemical shift based) of target T[2,3‐d]P was demonstrated.ConclusionHere, we demonstrate the power of SABRE to deliver a fast and cost‐effective route to hyperpolarization of important chemical motifs of anticancer agents. The SABRE approach outlined here lays the foundations for realizing continuous flow, hyperpolarized tracking of drug delivery/pathways.
Delivery and actuation of aerosolized microbots
Authors: Zimmermann Coy J. , Schraeder Tyler , Reynolds Brandon , DeBoer Emily M. , Neeves Keith B. , Marr David W.M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor disease of the lung, the physical key to effective inhalation‐based therapy is size; too large (10′s of µm) and the particles or droplets do not remain suspended in air to reach deep within the lungs, too small (subµm) and they are simply exhaled without deposition. Bots within this ideal low‐µm size range however are challenging to fabricate and would lead to devices that lack the speed and power necessary for performing work throughout the pulmonary network. To uncouple size from structure and function, here we demonstrate an approach where individual building blocks are aerosolized and subsequently assembled in situ into bots capable of translation, drug delivery, and mechanical work deep within lung mimics. With this strategy, a variety of pulmonary diseases previously difficult to treat may now be receptive to bot‐based therapies.
The electrical‐double layer revisited
Authors: Polster Jake W. , Souna Amanda J. , Motevaselian Mohammad H. , Lucas Rachel A. , Tran Jason D. , Siwy Zuzanna S. , Aluru Narayana R. , Fourkas John T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrical‐double layer (EDL) model is fundamental to our understanding of interactions in ionic solutions, and is widely used in chemical, biological, and technological contexts, particularly in the description of aqueous electrolyte solutions. However, recent experiments have raised questions regarding the validity of this model in polar, aprotic solvents; some observations, such as a surface potential that changes sign with increasing salt concentration, are not consistent with the EDL picture. We demonstrate in a model system, acetonitrile at a silica interface, that solvent organization dictates the ionic distributions. Ion‐transport measurements in nanopores, surface‐selective spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the distribution of ions in acetonitrile at a silica interface is determined by the lipid‐bilayer‐like organization that the interface imposes upon the liquid, which accounts for the change in sign of the potential. Our findings emphasize the importance of including solvent molecules and ions explicitly in descriptions of solid/liquid interfaces.Key Points
In a range of acetonitrile‐based electrolyte solutions in contact with silica, the effective surface potential is negative at low salt concentrations and positive at high salt concentrations.
The long‐range, lipid‐bilayer‐like organization of acetonitrile at this interface dictates the preferred locations for cations and anions.
Due to this organizational effect, the classical electrical double‐layer modal is not applicable to the acetonitrile/silica system, as likely also does not hold for other systems involving polar, aprotic liquids.
Towards fairer conservation: Perspectives and ideas from early‐career researchers
Authors: Archer Lucy J. , Müller Helen S. , Jones Lizzie P. , Ma Heidi , Gleave Rosalind A. , da Silva Cerqueira Aline , McMurdo Hamilton Thalassa , Shennan‐Farpón Yara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The Black Lives Matter Movement, which gained unprecedented global momentum in mid‐2020, triggered critical reflection on systemic discrimination of disadvantaged groups across many domains of society.

It prompted us, as early‐career researchers (ECRs) in conservation science, to examine our own awareness of ongoing injustices within our field, the role we play in perpetuating or countering these injustices, and how to move forward.

Colonialist ideologies and power dynamics throughout the history of conservation practice and research have left a long‐lasting legacy of inequality and systemic racism. While improvements have been made, these legacies continue to influence teaching and practice today.

In this perspective piece, we reflect on the impacts of conservation’s colonial past and how the sector has developed. We then explore how current traditional routes into conservation, and the dominance of these approaches, can leave ECRs underprepared to address modern‐day conservation issues due to a limited understanding of conservation’s history and key theories from other fields. We end by offering a set of suggestions encouraging others to learn and practise fairer and more inclusive conservation practices.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
How we approach the use of sirolimus and new agents: Medical therapy to treat vascular anomalies
Authors: Shimano Kristin A. , Eng Whitney , Adams Denise M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVascular anomalies (VAs) are a heterogeneous group of primarily congenital tumors and malformations. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has developed a standard classification of these disorders, creating a uniform approach to their diagnosis. Recent discoveries evaluating the genetic causes of VAs have revealed that they are due to mutations in cancer pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK/MEK pathways. These discoveries have led to improved phenotype–genotype correlation and have expanded medical therapy for this group of unique disorders.
Correlation of clinical and radiological predictors of retinoblastoma with high‐risk histopathological features
Authors: Yaqoob Nausheen , Zia Nida , Hamid Ahmer , Kaleem Bushra , Jamal Saad , Amin Saima , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Jamal Saba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionRetinoblastoma (RB) tumors having high‐risk histopathologic features (HRFs) have an increased risk of metastasis and disease relapse. However, RB has not been studied widely in Pakistan. Therefore, we evaluated the association of clinical, histopathologic, and radiological findings with HRFs in patients with RB who were treated at the Indus Health & Hospital Network in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe enrolled treatment‐naïve patients with RB who received upfront enucleation from September 2017 to February 2021. We evaluated enucleated eyes with the Intraocular Classification of Retinoblastoma system and classified HRFs as invasion of the anterior chamber, including the iris and ciliary body, or massive invasion of the choroid, sclera, or optic nerve (postlaminar and/or up to the transection line).ResultsOf 117 patients with RB treated at our institution during the study period, 54 received upfront enucleation. Unilateral disease was present in 92.6% of cases. The most frequent disease signs and symptoms included the presence of vitreous seeds (30.6%) and leukocoria (100%), respectively. The most frequent HRFs and radiological findings comprised massive choroidal invasion (15.1%) and anterior chamber enhancement (66.7%), respectively. The majority (62.9%) of patients did not exhibit any HRFs. Female sex, pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma had significant predictive ability for HRF occurrence.ConclusionPseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma are important clinical factors that should be taken into consideration before the management of RB. Early recognition of high‐risk histopathological and radiological features is essential for appropriate treatment of RB.
The predictive performance and impact of pediatric early warning systems in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients—A systematic review
Authors: Soeteman Marijn , Lekkerkerker Caroline W. , Kappen Teus H. , Tissing Wim J. , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. , Wösten‐van Asperen Roelie M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPediatric early warning systems (PEWS) arewidely used to identify clinically deteriorating patients. Hospitalized pediatric oncology patients are particularly prone to clinical deterioration. We assessed the PEWS performance to predict early clinical deterioration and the effect of PEWS implementation on patient outcomes in pediatric oncology patients. PubMED, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched from inception up to March 2020. Quality assessment was performed using the Prediction model study Risk‐Of‐Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) and the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool. Nine studies were included. Due to heterogeneity of study designs, outcome measures, and diversity of PEWS, it was not possible to conduct a meta‐analysis. Although the studies reported high sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of PEWS detecting inpatient deterioration, overall risk of bias of the studies was high. This review highlights limited evidence on the predictive performance of PEWS for clinical deterioration and the effect of PEWS implementation.
A pilot trial of prophylactic defibrotide to prevent serious thrombotic microangiopathy in high‐risk pediatric patients
Authors: Higham Christine S. , Shimano Kristin A. , Melton Alexis , Kharbanda Sandhya , Chu Julia , Dara Jasmeen , Winestone Lena E. , Hermiston Michelle L. , Huang James N. , Dvorak Christopher C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is an endothelial injury complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) leading to end‐organ damage and high morbidity and mortality. Defibrotide is an anti‐inflammatory and antithrombotic agent that may protect the endothelium during conditioning.ProcedureWe hypothesized that prophylactic use of defibrotide during HSCT conditioning and acute recovery could prevent TA‐TMA. A pilot single‐arm phase II trial (NCT#03384693) evaluated the safety and feasibility of administering prophylactic defibrotide to high‐risk pediatric patients during HSCT and assessed if prophylactic defibrotide prevented TA‐TMA compared to historic controls. Patients received defibrotide 6.25 mg/kg IV q6h the day prior to the start of conditioning through day +21. Patients were prospectively monitored for TA‐TMA from admission through week 24 post transplant. Potential biomarkers of endothelial injury (suppression of tumorigenicity 2 [ST2], angiopoietin‐2 [ANG‐2], plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 [PAI‐1], and free hemoglobin) were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were enrolled, 14 undergoing tandem autologous HSCT for neuroblastoma and 11 undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Defibrotide was discontinued early due to possibly related clinically significant bleeding in 12% (3/25) of patients; no other severe adverse events occurred due to the study intervention. The other 22 patients missed a median of 0.7% of doses (0%–5.2%). One patient developed nonsevere TA‐TMA 12 days post HSCT. This observed TA‐TMA incidence of 4% was below the historic rate of 18%–40% in a similar population of allogeneic and autologous patients.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that defibrotide prophylaxis is feasible in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT at high risk for TA‐TMA and preliminary data indicating that defibrotide may reduce the risk of TA‐TMA.