bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief overview of the studies on the irreversible breakdown of LGAD testing samples irradiated at the critical LHC-HL fluences
Authors: Laštovička-Medin G. , Kramberger G. , Rebarz M. , Andreasson J. , Kropielnicki K. , Laštovička T. , Kroll J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
LGAD sensors will be employed in the CMS MTD and ATLAS HGTD upgrades to mitigate the high levels of pile-up expected in the High Luminosity phase of the LHC. Over the last several years, much attention has been focused on designing radiation tolerant gain implants to ensure that these sensors survive the expected fluences, (more than 1–2 × 1015 neq/cm2). However, in test beams with protons and a fs-laser, highly irradiated LGADs operated at a high voltage, have been seen to exhibit violent burn-out events that render the sensors inoperable. This paper will focus on the critical electric field and accordingly the bias thresholds to mitigate the risk of Single Event Burnout (SEB).
Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) in SPECT
Authors: Wunderlich C. , Guberman D. , Paoletti R. , Rugliancich A. , Passeri A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A standard camera for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) contains 50–100 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) that occupy at least 50% of its volume. It is shielded by a thick layer of lead which makes it heavy and bulky. Replacing PMTs by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) could significantly reduce the weight and size of a SPECT camera. However, the main obstacle is the limited size of SiPMs: even with the largest commercially available SiPM of 6 × 6 mm2 a few thousand channels would be needed to fill a camera. As a solution, we propose to use Large Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) which are built by summing the currents of several SiPMs into a single output. We developed a LASiP prototype summing 8 SiPMs using the MUSIC ASIC. To test the feasibility of using this solution in SPECT, we built a proof-of-concept micro camera that consisted of four of our LASiP prototypes coupled to a 40 × 40 × 8 mm3 NaI(Tl) crystal. We were able to reconstruct simple images of a 99m
Tc capillary with an intrinsic spatial resolution of ∼2 mm and an energy resolution of ∼11.6%. We also simulated the system with Geant4, finding a good agreement with our experimental results. The simulations were extended to a larger camera, aiming to study the impact of pixel size, shape and noise.
Algebro-geometric solutions to the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Cao Cewen , Zhang Da-jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Algebro-geometric solutions of the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (lpmKP) equation are constructed. A Darboux transformation of the Kaup–Newell spectral problem is employed to generate a Lax triad for the lpmKP equation, as well as to define commutative integrable symplectic maps which generate discrete flows of eigenfunctions. These maps share the same integrals with the finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system associated to the Kaup–Newell spectral problem. We investigate asymptotic behaviors of the Baker–Akhiezer functions and obtain their expression in terms of Riemann theta function. Finally, algebro-geometric solutions for the lpmKP equation are reconstructed from these Baker–Akhiezer functions.
Measuring of natural and artificial radioactivity in Al-Dakhiliya governorate, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Azri Harith , Al-Riyami Hala , Al-Amri Fatin , Bani Oraba Afrah A. , Al-Subhi Raqiya , Al-Yahyai Salma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soil and sand samples were collected from eight different locations in the Al-Dakhiliya governorate, Sultanate of Oman to determine and evaluate the natural and artificial radioactivity levels. The activity concentrations of radionuclides 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, 235U and 228Ac were measured using high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors (HPGe detectors). In addition, radiation hazard indexes were evaluated in order to measure radioactive risk for human beings and the environment. The activity concentrations of 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, 235U and 228Ac were found as 0.82 ± 0.04, 29.01 ± 1.37, 290.14 ±2.79, 5.88 ± 0.65 and 39.57 ± 3.85 Bq/Kg respectively. Radium-equivalent activity Raeq was obtained and varied in the range from 340 to 43 Bq/Kg with a mean value of 108.3 Bq/Kg. The study found that the gamma indexes, external indexes and internal indexes in most sites were less than 1, which indicates a low radioactive dose. The study concludes that seven sites contain relatively low radioactivity, whereas one site requires more investigation in future as the results show a sort of rise in the radioactivity rate on its samples.
Towards Sustainable Design: Influence of pandemics on Architectural Design and Urban Planning through the ages
Authors: Sebastian Sofia , Ravishankar K.R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the history of the built environment, interior design and urban planning have always responded to epidemics by designing architecture and urban spaces to resist the different viruses and pathogens while preventing their spread. The architectural design strategies used in the past centuries, including Modernism, were a reaction to creating pandemic-free built forms and spaces, thus creating a healthy and sustainable built environment. The Italian piazzas, modernism, minimalism, decentralization of urban cities, urban renewal, etc. were a few of the design outcomes of a pandemic-resistant environment. This research study will help architects understand and evaluate the design strategies used to achieve a healthy, sustainable built environment, thereby adding progressive layers of protection against the virus. Future-built spaces must be designed by taking into account what we’ve learned from the past and moving in the right direction toward sustainability.
A Borel–Weil Theorem for the Irreducible Quantum Flag Manifolds
Authors: Carotenuto Alessandro , Díaz García Fredy , Ó Buachalla Reamonn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We establish a noncommutative generalisation of the Borel–Weil theorem for the Heckenberger–Kolb calculi of the irreducible quantum flag manifolds ${\mathcal {O}}_q(G/L_S)$, generalising previous work for the quantum Grassmannians ${\mathcal {O}}_q(\textrm {Gr}_{n,m})$. As a direct consequence we get a novel noncommutative differential geometric presentation of the quantum coordinate rings $S_q[G/L_S]$ of the irreducible quantum flag manifolds. The proof is formulated in terms of quantum principal bundles, and the recently introduced notion of a principal pair, and uses the Heckenberger and Kolb first-order differential calculus for the quantum Possion homogeneous spaces ${\mathcal {O}}_q(G/L^{\,\textrm {s}}_S)$.
Insecticide Resistance in Alabama Populations of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Wang Yifan , An Mengru , Stevens Kelly M , Liu Nannan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The insecticide sensitivity and resistance status of both adults and larvae from six Aedes albopictus samples collected in Tuskegee, Tuscaloosa, Birmingham, Dothan, Mobile, and Montgomery, Alabama, were evaluated for the levels of sensitivity and resistance to eight insecticides: β-cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, etofenprox, fenitrothion, permethrin, resmethrin, and malathion. Adult Ae. albopictus from all locations showed similar results for the difference between the time to 100% mortality and the diagnostic time in the CDC bottle bioassay, although Ae. albopictus survive longer than the diagnostic time to permethrin, fenitrothion, and resmethrin treatments. The larval bioassay indicated that malathion was the least toxic to Ae. albopictus from all locations (LC50: ranging from 0.1 ppm to 1.2 ppm), followed by resmethrin and etofenprox (LC50: 0.05 ppm–0.4 ppm), and deltamethrin and fenitrothion (LC50: 0.01 ppm–0.06 ppm). Chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest larval toxicity (LC50: 0.003 ppm–0.05 ppm). The resistance status of Ae. albopictus from all six locations was similar to the resistance levels found in a previous survey in 2004, indicating that in Alabama the development of resistance is slow in this strain, although comparing the resistance of Ae. albopictus from Tuskegee to that of a susceptible strain showed that it is resistant to chlorpyrifos. The slopes of the dose–response curves to most of the insecticides tested for these field populations of Ae. albopictus were generally similar to or slightly higher than those measured eighteen years previously, indicating that these populations are relatively homozygous in response to all the insecticides tested.
A Random Item Response Model of External Territorial Threat, 1816–2010
Authors: Miller Steven V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multiple scholars have shown that external territorial threat, conceptually the level of concern for a state that its territorial integrity is subject to violent conflict and imposed contraction by other states, has major implications for the state's domestic political environment. However, the strand of scholarship that agrees on the domestic political effects of external territorial threat disagrees on how to code this important concept. These works either rely on binary indicators that do a poor job communicating “increasing” or “decreasing” territorial threat or use dyad-year indicators of conflict propensities as a stand-in for a state-year-level observation. I use this research note to offer an empirical measurement of state-year external territorial threat from a Bayesian random item response model for all states from 1816 to 2010. I assess the face validity and construct validity of the data these models generate, all of which suggest the measure does well to capture the concept in question. I close with a statement of the availability of the data and their potential applications.
The Moderating Effect of Scheduling Autonomy on Smartphone Use and Stress Among Older Workers
Authors: Van Fossen Jenna A , Baker Nathan M , Mack Elizabeth A , Chang Chu-Hsiang , Cotten Shelia R , Catalano Isabella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Older adults’ smartphone use has been shown to be a double-edged sword, linked to health and social benefits but also creating vulnerabilities. Similarly, the use of smartphones and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) in organizations also affords workers advantages, such as increased flexibility, while exposing them to risks such as exhaustion and distress. This research examines older workers’ smartphone use and identifies a contextual characteristic that may buffer the negative implications of smartphone use for work purposes. Following the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that older workers’ daily work-related smartphone use is positively related to their experienced stress and negatively related to their mood, and that these relationships would be attenuated by work scheduling autonomy. We conducted an experience sampling method (ESM) study with a sample of 38 workers (ages 50–64) who completed daily measures over 8 days, and tracked their smartphone use objectively using screenshots of time spent using various apps. Contrary to our expectations, smartphone use was not significantly related to stress or mood. There were significant cross-level interactions, such that smartphone use for work was negatively related to experienced stress and positively related to a positive mood for those with lower levels of scheduling autonomy. We interpret these findings and discuss the effects that technology use for work may have on older workers’ well-being through the lens of the JD-R model. Our results suggest that ICT use in the workplace combined with work scheduling autonomy may not be advantageous for workers’ well-being.
Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Patients With Movement-related Low Back Pain Have Less Postoperative Satisfaction After Decompression Alone
Authors: Hirota Ryosuke , Teramoto Atsushi , Kimura Ryota , Kobayashi Takashi , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Iesato Noriyuki , Okuyama Koichiro , Ogon Izaya , Hongo Michio , Kasukawa Yuji , Tsukamoto Arihiko , Kudo Daisuke , Emori Makoto , Iba Kousuke , Shimada Yoichi , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected multicenter observational data.

Objective.
The aim was to examine the preoperative factors affecting postoperative satisfaction following posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and microendoscopic muscle-preserving interlaminar decompression (ME-MILD) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS).

Summary of Background Data.
The technique involved in DLS surgery may either be decompression alone or decompression-fixation. Poor performance may occur after either of these surgical treatments. The author hypothesized that evaluating the correlation between preoperative quality of life and postoperative performance would aid in determining the optimal procedure.

Materials and Methods.
This study included 138 patients who underwent surgery for 1-level mild DLS. The authors performed PLIF for 79 patients and ME-MILD for 59 patients. When the satisfaction subscale of the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire exceeded 2 points, postoperative satisfaction was considered poor. The clinical characteristics were investigated. Responses to preoperative health-related quality of life questionnaires, such as the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), short form-36 health survey (SF-36), and visual analog scale, were compared between the satisfied and unsatisfied groups.

Results.
In the PLIF group, no endogenous factors influenced postoperative satisfaction. The ME-MILD cohort’s satisfied and unsatisfied patients differed significantly in terms of preoperative lumbar spine dysfunction (P<0.001) items of the JOABPEQ, role physical (P=0.03), and role emotional (P=0.03) items of the SF-36. A strong correlation (r=−0.609 P=0.015) was found between preoperative lumbar spine dysfunction and postoperative satisfaction.

Conclusions.
In the ME-MILD group, preoperative lumbar spine function was correlated with postoperative satisfaction. Decompression alone may be ineffective in cases with decreased lumbar spine function prior to surgery. The degree of low back pain on movement should be considered before selecting the surgical method.

Level of Evidence.
3
Long-Term Reliability and Validity of the AO Spine PROST (Patient-Reported Outcome Spine Trauma)
Authors: Buijs George S. , de Gendt Erin E.A. , Sadiqi Said , Post Marcel W. , Muijs Sander P.J. , Oner F. Cumhur 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Cross-sectional validation study.

Objective.
The aim was to validate the AO Spine Patient-Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (PROST) at a minimum of 12 months posttrauma and to evaluate patient characteristics, types of spine fractures, and treatment strategies as determinants of AO Spine PROST scores.

Summary of Background Data.
The reliability and validity of the AO Spine PROST as a measure of health-related quality of life for more than 12 months after onset of spine trauma is unclear.

Materials and Methods.
Patients with a traumatic spine injury were recruited from a level-1 trauma center. They were asked to complete the AO Spine PROST, EuroQoL 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), and either Oswestry disability index (ODI) or neck disability index (NDI) for concurrent validity. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating the Cronbach α and item-total correlation coefficients. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Spearman correlation tests were performed for the AO Spine PROST in correlation with the EQ-5D-5L, and either ODI or NDI. Determinants for AO Spine PROST score were analyzed using multivariate regression models.

Results.
A total of 175 patients participated in the cross-sectional arm and 49 in the test-retest arm of the study. Median duration of follow-up was 94.5 months. No floor or ceiling effects were seen. Internal consistency was excellent (α=0.98, item-total correlation coefficient: 0.73–0.91) as well as test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.81). Satisfactory correlations were seen for the EQ-5D-5L (0.76; P<0.001), ODI (0.69; P<0.001), and NDI (0.68; P<0.001) with the AO Spine PROST. Multivariate linear regression models showed that having ≥1 comorbidities, duration of return to work within the range of 7 to 43 months and no return to work were significant independent determinants for a worse AO Spine PROST score.

Conclusions.
Very good long-term reliability and validity results were found for the AO Spine PROST.
Association of anti-TNF-α treatment with gut microbiota of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Dai Qinghong , Xia Xuyang , He Chenjia , Huang Yupeng , Chen Yidan , Wu Yang , Chen Yuehong , Hou Qianqian , Shu Yang , Zhang Wei , Xu Heng , Yin Geng , Xie Qibing 
Published: July 2022

Objective
Gut dysbiosis contributes to multiple autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, which is commonly treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (TNFis). Because host TNF-α levels are considered to interact with gut microbiota, we aimed to systematically investigate the microbiota profile of ankylosing spondylitis patients with anti-TNF-α-based treatment and identify potential key bacteria.

Methods
Fecal samples were collected from 11 healthy controls and 24 ankylosing spondylitis patients before/after anti-TNF-α treatment, the microbiota profiles of which were evaluated by 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis.

Results
Significantly different microbial compositions were observed in samples from ankylosing spondylitis patients compared with healthy controls, characterized by a lower abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. All patients exhibited a positive response after anti-TNF-α treatment, accompanied by a trend of restoration in the microbiota compositions and functional profile of ankylosing spondylitis patients to healthy controls. In particular, the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g. Megamonsa and Lachnoclostridium) was not only significantly lower in ankylosing spondylitis patients than in healthy controls and restored after anti-TNF-α treatment but also negatively correlated with disease severity (e.g. cor = -0.52, P = 8 × 10−5 for Megamonsa). In contrast, Bacilli and Haemophilus may contribute to ankylosing spondylitis onset and severity.

Conclusions
Microbiota dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients can be restored after anti-TNF-α treatment, possibly by impacting SCFA-producing bacteria.
Pharmacogenetic analysis of canonical versus noncanonical pathway of NF-kB in Crohn’s disease patients under anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment
Authors: Stavrou Eleana F. , Chatzopoulou Fani , Antonatos Charalabos , Pappa Panagiota , Makridou Eutychia , Oikonomou Konstantinos , Kapsoritakis Andreas , Potamianos Petros S. , Karmiris Konstantinos , Tzathas Charalambos , Chatzidimitriou Dimitris , Vizirianakis Ioannis S. , Vasilopoulos Yiannis 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
This study explores the potential of gene polymorphisms in the canonical and noncanonical NF-kB signaling pathway as a prediction biomarker of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α response in Crohn’s patients.

Materials and methods
A total of 109 Greek patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were recruited, and the genotype of TLR2 rs3804099, LTA rs909253, TLR4 rs5030728, and MAP3K14/NIK rs7222094 single nucleotide polymorphisms was investigated for association with response to anti-TNFα therapy. Patient’s response to therapy was based on the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, depicting the maximum response within 24 months after initiation of treatment.

Results
Seventy-three patients (66.7%) were classified as responders while 36 as nonresponders (33.3%). Comparing allelic frequencies between responders and nonresponders, the presence of TLR2 rs3804099 T allele was associated with nonresponse (P = 0.003), even after stratification by anti-TNFα drugs (infliximab: P = 0.032, adalimumab: P = 0.026). No other association was identified for the rest of the polymorphisms under study. Haplotype analysis further enhanced the association of rs3804099 T allele with loss of response, even though the results were NS (P = 0.073).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the canonical NF-kB pathway genes could potentially act as a predictive biomarker of anti-TNFα response in CD.
Evaluation of the relationship between plasma viscosity and selected menopausal symptoms using the Menopause Rating Scale
Authors: Korkmaz Hilal , Arslanca Tufan , Tekin Esra , Kayabaşı Burak , Akbulut Kazime Gonca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity are associated with the severity of postmenopausal symptoms using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS).

Methods
This study included 108 postmenopausal women admitted to menopause clinics. Participants were divided into two groups according to their MRS scores. Groups 1 (n = 52) and 2 (n = 56) were composed of healthy postmenopausal women with MRS scores of <14 and ≥14 points, respectively. The clinical findings and hemorheological parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results
Comparing plasma viscosity levels between the two groups showed that group 1 had 1.25 ± 0.08 centipoise, whereas group 2 had 1.30 ± 0.10 centipoise (P = 0.03). The difference in plasma viscosity between the two groups persisted after adjustment for age (1.24 ± 0.08 vs 1.31 ± 0.10; P < 0.001). Plasma viscosity was also significantly correlated with age (r = 0.384, P < 0.001), menopausal duration (r = 0.362, P < 0.001), and urogenital symptoms (r = 410, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Increased plasma viscosity levels were significantly associated with selected postmenopausal symptoms, independent of age.
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase enzyme inhibitors: ready for primetime?
Authors: Macdougall Iain C. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors have recently been developed as a new treatment for anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several of these have been approved in Europe (roxadustat), China, and Japan, but none approved in the United States to date, although daprodustat has been submitted as a new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the available data, particularly the most recent publications, and offer a personal viewpoint on whether or not these drugs are ready for primetime.

Recent findings
The efficacy of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in improving CKD anemia and maintaining a higher hemoglobin is undisputed, but there remain some concerns about safety, particularly in the long term. Some of the safety concerns may result from an exaggerated pharmacological response, while other potential adverse effects could be due to transcriptional effects of these agents beyond genes involved in erythropoiesis.

Summary
HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are already being used in clinical practice in several countries of the world, and ongoing research is being conducted to define the role of these drugs not only in the management of anemia but also beyond into other clinical settings.