bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An old way of forgetting
Authors: Rebeca Coelho J.P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDuring the last decades, the incidence of syphilis is on the rising, particularly in the United States of America and Europe. Neurosyphilis is a disease that has a vast differential diagnostic. With that in mind, clinicians have some difficulties to identify it rapidly. A case of a 57-year-old man is presented, with a brutal change in his behavior, associated with a dementia-like syndrome. He is diagnosed with neurosyphilis.ObjectivesThe main goal is to present his clinical psychiatric symptoms and diagnosis procedure, the treatment that he received and his clinical outcome in the psychogeriatric department.MethodsThe treatment was based in an integrated framework of pharmacology and psychotherapy.ResultsThe patient was able to slowly recover and to get back home, we a solid structure to make the follow up.ConclusionsThis clinical vignette represents a growing number of adult patients that present themselves for the first time with dementia-like symptoms. It is important to remember, that many diseases are capable of mimicking dementia and their exclusion before admitting a diagnosis of dementia is mandatory.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychological impact of pediatric cancer : a cross-sectional study among thirty parents
Authors: Zouari A. , Homri W. , Mokrani A. , Meddeb K. , Mezelini A. , Labbane R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe diagnosis of pediatric cancer is a traumatic event that is considered to be one of the most adverse situations the child and his family can experience. The psychological impact of this diagnosis on the parents has triggered a great scientific attention in these recent years.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress among parents of children with cancer.MethodsOur study was cross-sectional over a period of 1 month in the medical carcinology department at the Salah Azaeiz Institute. We used the Beck Depression Scale II and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Cheklist-Civilian assessements.ResultsThirty parents participated in our study. Most of whom were mothers (73%). The educational level was primary in 63% of cases and socio-economic level was average in 60% of parents. 40% of parents were assessed within six months after diagnosis. Prevalence of depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder were 73% and 57% respectively. The low educational level was correlated to the presence of these two disorders. Similarly, the low educational level was correlated to the presence of depressive disorders (p=0.008). The number of children in the family was also associated to the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (p=0.029).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive and post-traumatic stress disorders was high among parents of children diagnosed with cancer. The low socio-economic and educational level and the large number of children in the family are risk factors for psychological distress. Psychosocial support should be offered to parents of children with cancer to optimize the management of this disease.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Coping strategies among mothers of children with leukemia in Tunisia
Authors: Dhakouani S. , Karoui M. , Jammeli S. , Kammoun R. , Ellouz F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe diagnosis of leukemia in a child is traumatic life experience that negatively affects parents and especialy the mother which is the “caregiver” who assists and coordinates all stages of treatment.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of psychological distress among mothers of tunisian children with leukemia and to investigate their coping strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziza Othmana hospital department of pedo-oncology in Tunisia between June and July 2021. HADS scale was used to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and coping strategies were measured via arabic version of the brief cope scale.ResultsWe included 31 mothers, their middle age was 41 years old. In this study we didn’t include mothers with psychiatric history. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent type of cancer in our sample (94%). The middle age of the children was 10 years old and all of them were under chemotherapy. Clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression were reported by 58% and 49% of mothers, respectively. In our study, 81% of the participants practiced prayer and all mothers turned to religion as a coping strategy. Approach coping styles (especially acceptance and planning) were more frequently used than avoidant coping styles (especially substance use and denial).ConclusionsMothers are profoundly affected by a child’s cancer diagnosis, they should have early assessment of their mental health needs to have access to appropriate interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes
Authors: Lemos M. , Lourenço A. , Ribeiro M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionParaneoplastic syndromes (PS) result from indirect effects of neoplasms. In 50% of the cases the symptoms precede the diagnosis and run independently. PS may involve the peripheral or central nervous system, resulting in symptoms from sensory neuropathies to several neuropsychiatric manifestations.ObjectivesTo review the psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the nervous system.MethodsSelective literature review via PubMed search, using the keywords “paraneoplastic syndromes”, “endrocrine paraneoplastic syndromes”, “neuropsychiatric manifestations”, “limbic encephalitis”.ResultsThe prevalence of PS varies with the type of cancer (<1% for breast and ovarian cancers; 3-5% for small cell lung cancer; 20% for thymomas). The general mechanisms behind PS are related to the production of substances by the tumor that directly or indirectly cause distant symptoms, the depletion of substances or the host response to the tumor. Frequently there are autoimmune phenomena involved, with the production of antineuronal antibodies that recognise various antigens at the nervous system. Paraneoplastic neurological disorders include limbic encephalits that can present subacutely with symptoms of depression, irritability, hallucinations, cognitive impairment associated with sleep alterations, confusion and seizures. Others include psoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome, neuromyotonia and cramp fasciculation syndrome. Metabolic and endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (hypercortisolism, carcinoid tumors, pancreatic cancer) can result from the production of cytokines and hormones by the tumor and produce mood disorders, confusional states and psychosis.ConclusionsPS can be related to various neuropsychiatric manifestations affecting consciousness, cognition, mood and perception. The recognition of this association can alert for the possibility of a cancer diagnosis specially when facing a patient with unusual clinical presentation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
What should General Adult Psychiatrists know about Reproductive Counselling of Women with Severe Mental Illness?
Authors: Kurimay T. 
Published: September 2022

A notable part of psychiatry is prevention. Our job, as psychiatrists, is not only to treat mental disorders, but also to prevent them. Treating mothers in postnatal period reducing the negative consequence of depression for child development, for example. General adult psychiatrists face the challenge of having patients, who receive psychiatric health care, while also planning to have a child. Many professionals may find themselves in a situation, when they feel clueless on what to advise regarding pharmacotherapy and realistic expectations on having a child. The presentation will focus on some crucial topics. What should counselling include when planning pregnancy, highlighting differences among first and second or further children. Potentials risks and harms on the fetus / new-born baby will be introduced with emphasis on pharmacological/chemical agents, infectious effects and social, relational and family stressors. What the guidelines are for Covid-19 vaccination and pregnancy. Relative and absolute contraindications of planned pregnancy will be discussed. The crucial question of artificial/therapeutic abortion; are there any psychiatric conditions, when a psychiatrist can/should suggest it? The advantage and knowledge of perinatal mental health guideline papers, bio-ethical aspects will be discussed, along with the consequences of untreated mental illness. Advantage of breastfeeding and an up-to-date view on what should be psychiatrists’ aim will be introduced. Why is it inevitable to cooperate with GPs, obstetric- and gynecology colleagues and further medical professionals? The essential aspect and advantages of involving fathers and extended family members in this approach also will be explained.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Developing a Systematic Training Programme in Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Mcdonald L. 
Published: September 2022

This presentataion outlines the development of a post-membership masterclass programme in Perinatal Psychiatry, funded by Health Education England and delivered through the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The masterclass programme renges from 5-15 days and there are separate programmes for consultants, SAS doctors and senior trainees in psychiatry. The course is delivered by experts in the area and contains a mix of didactic teaching and small group work. The programme was developed to meet the workforce needs of rapidly expanding perinatal mental services throughout England. The programme also helps facilitate the needs of perinatal psychiatrists from Ireland and from the devolved nations of the UK (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Big Five Inventory-2 Short Form among Undergraduates in Kuwait
Authors: Alansari B. , Alali T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe BFI-2-S assesses the domain level of the Big Five with three prototypical facets of each domain capturing approximately 91% of the total variance in the full BFI-2 domain scales and approximately 89% of the predictive power of the BFI-2 facets in German adaptations and their original American versions.ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic adaptation of the BFI-2 short form.MethodsThe Arabic version of the BFI-2-S a 30-item with 15 and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO–PI-R) were administered to 1560 (576 males, 984 females) Kuwait University undergraduates with a mean age = 22.75 ± 3.81. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the BFI-2-S with NEO–PI-R were assessed.ResultsCronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for N (0.79), E (0.73), O (0.73), A (0.76) and C (0.77). Results revealed significant gender differences in O, C & E with a favor for males and in N a favor with females. PCA showed that BFI-2-S five factors explains 64.38% of the total variance. However, the high mean correlations between the BFI-2-S and NEO–PI-R scales, with coefficients of (0.67) for the N, (0.66) for the E, (0.56) for the C, (0.61) for the A, and (0.58) for the C. The convergence between each BFI-2-S domain correlated substantially with the relevant NEO-PI-R domain scales, with the average correlation being .62.ConclusionsThe findings support the psychometric properties of the Arabic adaptations of the BFI-2-S as useful instruments for assessing the Big Five.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relation between Complex PTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder – a review of the literature
Authors: Ramos B. , Santos Martins F. , Elias De Sousa A. , Soares Da Costa I. , Andrade F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdults diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) likely have a history of psychological trauma. There has been research about the connection between Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (c-PTSD) and BPD.ObjectivesThis paper provides a review of the relationship between complex trauma and key features of BPD.MethodsReview of the literature from 2015 to present, using search engines such as Pubmed and Google Shoolar, using the following keywords: borderline personality disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, traumaResultsTraumatic victimisation and compromised primary caregiving relationships have been hypothesized to be key aetiological factors in the subsequent development of BPD. c-PTSD was defined as a syndrome with symptoms of emotional dysregulation, dissociation somatisation and poor self-esteem, with distorted cognition about relationships, following traumatic interpersonal abuse. It was proposed as an alternative for understanding and treating people who had suffered prolonged and severe interpersonal trauma, many of whom were diagnosed with BPD. Although, the boundaries between c-PTSD and BPD remain vague. Currently, the main difference is the assumption that symptoms of c-PTSD are sequelae of exposure to traumatic stress, which is not inherent in the current DSM-5 definition of BPD. Furthermore, to date, the neurochemistry and neurostructural changes seen in c-PTSD, BPD and PTSD do not clearly differentiate the three conditions.ConclusionsBPD and PTSD are relatively distinct with regard to the precise qualitative definitions of their diagnostic features, but nevertheless have substantial potential overlap in their symptom criteria.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Limitations of Mechanistic Model of Explanation in Biological Psychiatry
Authors: Salcedo Gómez M. , García Aguilar C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe National Institute for Mental Illness (NIMH) launched in 2008 a project based on ‘precision medicine,’ called Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). This precision medicine approach, novel in the context of psychiatry, proposes to identify the “fundamental components of behavior,” determining their range of variations from normality to abnormality and identifying their instantiations at different levels of the biological mechanism. To achieve its goal, an essential task of the RDoC initiative has been to identify and classify psychological constructs associated with psychopathology and to cut them off at a finer degree of granularity, presumably in order to have a greater chance of finding the biological mechanisms which implement every resultant part.ObjectivesOur work aims to show the limitations that psychiatry faces when assuming the mechanistic model of explanations. We will show how, if we accept the phenomenon of multiple realization, it is not plausible to expect that the RDoC initiative will be successful in their enterprise to track single or precise causal mechanisms for every construct identified at the cognitive level.MethodsPhilosophical argumentationResultsNo results.ConclusionsWe conclude that an approach that aims to identify single functional units and to dig down at a “fundamental level” to find their neural or genetic implementation should not only be reconsidered in terms of the phenomenon of multiple realization, but also leaves a gap in our understanding of the complex structures that are found at the cognitive-functional level and whose dysfunctions would be of great explanatory relevance concerning mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Specifics of attitudes towards traditional Chinese medicine in dental students
Authors: Nikolaev E. , Petunova S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM), conceived in the womb of Chinese culture, is gaining more and more popularity in the world. What views on its possibilities do dentists studying in Russia have?ObjectivesOur goal is to establish the peculiarities of the attitude to TCM that are characteristic of dental students and correlate them with their psychosocial qualities.MethodsWe surveyed anonymously 106 dental students of Ulianov Chuvash State University using the Attitude to TCM Survey (E. Nikolaev) and the Sociocultural Health Questionnaire (E. Nikolaev). To analyze the interrelations, we used a correlation analysis.ResultsMore than two thirds of the respondents (72.6%) know about TCM, 20.8% consider it more effective than conventional medicine. Respondents with a higher level of stress show more interest in TCM (r=.27, p<.05), those who smoke hookah have less interest (r=-.25, p<.05). Students who less often work out in a gym are ready to turn to TCM (r=.23, p<.05). Students who are less often engaged in sports are more inclined to go to China for TCM treatment (r=.19, p<.05). They also less often agree that TCM can help Russian people (r=-.22, p<.05). Stronger belief in the possibilities of TCM correlates with deeper trust in private medicine (r=.22, p<.05). We did not find any correlations with the level of health.ConclusionsA more positive attitude to TCM in dental students is correlated with less physical activity, higher stress, as well as deeper trust in private medicine.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Tailored Immersion: Implementing Personalized Components Into Virtual Reality for Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Van Veelen N. , Boonekamp R. , Schoonderwoerd T. , Emmerik M. , Nijdam M. , Bruinsma B. , Geuze E. , Jones C. , Vermetten E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWith the application of virtual reality (VR), tailored interventions can be created that mirror the traumatic experiences of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Visual elements can be mimicked, and auditory and other senses stimulated. In doing so, the degree of immersion can be adjusted to optimize the therapeutic process. Objectively measuring the sensory immersion is key to keep subjects within their personal window of tolerance. Based on this information the therapist can decide manipulate the sensory stimulation embedded in the treatment.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to explore the different immersive design aspects of VRET that can be modified to influence the experienced presence in veterans with PTSD, and to discuss possible methods of measuring the emotional response facilitated by immersive design aspects and experienced presence.MethodsFour design aspects are discussed: system, sensory cues, narrative and challenge. We also report on a user experiment in three veterans that informed on quality and depth of immersion.ResultsBelievability of the neutral virtual environment was important for maintaining the veterans’ presence within the VR experience. The immersive design aspects that were personalized and supportive in the narrative of the veteran such as music and self-selected images appeared to have a strong influence on recall and reliving of the traumatic events.ConclusionsFinally, in order to increase the therapeutic effect in veterans with PTSD, the highlighted design aspects should be recognized and tailored to maximize immersion in virtual reality exposure therapy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Finding meanings in Late onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – a review of the literature
Authors: Ramos B. , Soares Da Costa I. , Elias De Sousa A. , Andrade F. , Santos Martins F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAbout a decade ago, the idea of a Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (LO-PTSD) emerged, in order to characterize the later-life emergence of symptoms related to early-life warzone trauma among aging combat Veterans.ObjectivesThis paper provides a review of the changes happened during the onset of a late form of PTSD and how can mental health professionals intervene.MethodsReview of the literature from 2015 to present, using search engines such as Pubmed and Google Schoolar, using the following keywords: Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, triggers, prevention, interventionResultsAt first, there was hypothesized that aging-related challenges (role transition and loss, death of family members and friends, physical and cognitive decline) might lead to increased reminiscence, and possibly distress, among Veterans who had previously dealt successfully with earlier traumatic events. However, recent studies have proposed that in later life many combat Veterans confront and rework their wartime memories in an effort to find meaning and build coherence. Through reminiscence, life review, and wrestling with issues such as integrity versus despair, they intentionally reengage with experiences they avoided or managed successfully earlier in life, perhaps without resolution or integration. This process can lead positively to personal growth or negatively to increased symptomatology.ConclusionsTherefore the role of preventive intervention in enhancing positive outcomes for Veterans who reengage with their wartime memories in later life should be reconsidered.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Predictors of rehospitalization in Psychotic Patients after their first hospitalization
Authors: Álvarez P. , Palau A. , Russo C. , Nieto E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIt is important to determine those clinical factors that imply a greater risk of rehospitalization in psychotic patientsObjectivesTo determine the rate and predictors of rehospitalization in psychotic patients after their first hospitalizationMethodsWe include all Psychotic patients admitted for first time in their life in our Psychiatric Unit between 2009 and 2019 (N=359) , including all diagnosed according DSM-IV of Schizophrenia or other Psychotic disorders -Multiple clinical, sociodemographic and biological variables of the basal hospitalization were recorded With the SPSS program we compared the variables between patients who needed any hospitalization in the follow-up until 31th December 2019 and those who do not. We use the Chi square ( qualitative variables) and the Student T ( quantitative variables)Results109 psychotic inpatients had at least one rehospitalizations (30,4%). The qualitative variables significantly associated with rehospitalization were : cannabis in urine at admission (P<0.03), and treatment with risperidone (P<0.014). Instead treatment with long acting paliperidone was associated with absence of rehospitalization (P<0.005) .The quantitative variables relationed significantly with multiple rehospitalization were : lower age (P<0,015) lower HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.02) and higher years of follow-up after discharge (P<0.000)Conclusions1-More of 30% of psychotic patients need rehospitalization after their first hospitalization in a mean of follow up of 5,8 years 2-Lower age, longer follow-up period and treatment with risperidone are significantly associated with rehospitalization , instead treatment with long acting paliperidone are significantly associated with absence of rehospitalizationDisclosureNo significant relationships.