bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms and Malnutrition are Associated with Other Geriatric Syndromes and Increase Risk for 30-Day Readmission in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tay Laura , Chua Melvin , Ding Yew Yoong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Readmission in older adults is typically complex with multiple contributing factors. We aim to examine how two prevalent and potentially modifiable geriatric conditions – depressive symptoms and malnutrition – relate to other geriatric syndromes and 30-day readmission in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Consecutive admissions of patients >65 years to a general medical department were recruited over 15 months. Patients were screened for depression, malnutrition, delirium, cognitive impairment, and frailty at admission. Medical records were reviewed for intermediary events including poor oral intake and functional decline during hospitalization. Unplanned readmission within 30-days of discharge was tracked through the hospital’s electronic health records and follow-up telephone interviews. We use directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to depict the relationship of depressive symptoms and malnutrition with geriatric syndromes that constitute covariates of interest and 30-day readmission outcome. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the independent associations of depressive symptoms and malnutrition with 30-day readmission, adjusting for variables based on DAG-identified minimal adjustment set. Results: We recruited 1619 consecutive admissions, with mean age 76.4 (7.9) years and 51.3% females. 30-day readmission occurred in 331 (22.0%) patients. Depressive symptoms (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15-2.07), malnutrition (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14-2.23), higher comorbidity burden, hospitalization in the one-year preceding index admission, frailty, delirium, as well as functional decline and poor oral intake during the index admission, were more commonly observed among patients who were readmitted within 30 days of discharge (P<0.05). Patients with active depressive symptoms were significantly more likely to be frail (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.22-2.16), had poor oral intake (OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79) and functional decline during admission (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.11-2.23). Malnutrition at admission was significantly associated with frailty, delirium, cognitive impairment and poor oral intake during hospitalization (P<0.05). In minimal adjustment set identified by DAG, depressive symptoms (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.86) remained significantly associated with 30-day readmission. The association of malnutrition with 30-day readmission was attenuated after adjusting for age, ethnicity and depressive symptoms in the minimal adjustment set (OR=1.40, 95% CI 0.99-1.98, P=0.06). Conclusion: The observed causal associations support screening and targeted interventions for depressive symptoms and malnutrition during admission and in the post-acute period.
Emotional Prosody Recognition Enhances and Progressively Complexifies From Childhood to Adolescence
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Lima Doris , Grandjean Alicia , Labbé Carolina , Coll Selim , Gentaz Edouard , Grandjean Didier 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Emotional prosody is the result of the dynamic variation of acoustical non-verbal aspects of language that allow people to convey and recognize emotions. Understanding how this recognition develops during childhood to adolescence is the goal of the present paper. We also aim to test the maturation of the ability to perceive mixed emotions in voice. Methods: We tested 133 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 17 years old, exposed to 4 kinds of emotional (anger, fear, happiness, and sadness) and neutral linguistic meaningless stimuli. Participants were asked to judge the type and degree of perceived emotion on continuous scales. Results: By means of a general linear mixed model analysis, as predicted, a significant interaction between age and emotion was found. The ability to recognize emotions significantly increased with age for all emotional and neutral vocalizations. Girls recognized anger better than boys, who instead confused fear with neutral prosody more than girls did. Across all ages, only marginally significant differences were found between anger, happiness, and neutral versus sadness, which was more difficult to recognize. Finally, as age increased, participants were significantly more likely to attribute mixed emotions to emotional prosody, showing the progressive complexification of the emotional content representation that young adults perceived in emotional prosody. Conclusions: The ability to identify basic emotions from linguistically meaningless stimuli develops from childhood to adolescence. Interestingly, this maturation was not only evidenced in the accuracy of emotion detection, but also in a complexification of emotion attribution in prosody.
Cooperative binding of TCR and CD4 to pMHC enhances TCR sensitivity
Authors: Rushdi Muaz , Pan Victor , Li Kaitao , Travaglino Stefano , Choi Hyun-Kyu , Hong Jinsung , Griffitts Fletcher , Agnihotri Pragati , Mariuzza Roy , Ke Yonggang , Zhu Cheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Antigen recognition of CD4+ T cells by the T cell receptor (TCR) can be greatly enhanced by the coreceptor CD4. Yet, understanding of the molecular mechanism is hindered by the ultra-low affinity of CD4 binding to class-II peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). Using two-dimensional (2D) mechanical-based assays, we determined a CD4–pMHC interaction to have 3-4 logs lower affinity than cognate TCR–pMHC interactions, and to be susceptible to increased dissociation by forces (slip bond). In contrast, CD4 binds TCR-prebound pMHC at 5-6 logs higher affinity, forming TCR–pMHC–CD4 trimolecular bonds that are prolonged by force (catch bond) and modulated by protein mobility on the cell membrane, indicating profound TCR–CD4 cooperativity. Consistent with a tri-crystal structure, using DNA origami as a molecular ruler to titrate spacing between TCR and CD4 indicates 7-nm proximity enables optimal trimolecular bond formation with pMHC. Our results reveal how CD4 augments TCR antigen recognition.
Neural Network Embedding of Functional Microconnectome.
Authors: Shirakami Arata , Hase Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Shimono Masanori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Our brain works as a vast and complex network system. We need to compress the networks to extract simple principles of network patterns and interpret these paradigms to better comprehend their complexities. This study treats this simplification process using a two-step analysis of topological patterns of functional connectivities that were produced from electrical activities of ~1000 neurons from acute slices of mouse brains [Kajiwara et al. 2021] As the first step, we trained an artificial neural network system called neural network embedding (NNE) and automatically compressed the functional connectivities. As the second step, we widely compared the compressed features with 15 representative network metrics, having clear interpretations, including not only common metrics, such as centralities clusters and modules but also newly developed network metrics. The result demonstrates not only the fact that the newly developed network metrics could complementarily explain the features of what was compressed by the NNE method but was previously relatively hard to explain using common metrics such as hubs, clusters and communities. This NNE method surpasses the limitations of commonly used human-made metrics but also provides the possibility that recognizing our own limitations drives us to extend interpretable targets by developing new network metrics.
mRNA Transcript Analysis of Hypothesis-driven Pathways as Known Responders to Organophosphate Exposure: Rhinella Arenarum Larvae Transcriptome Study
Authors: Pires Natalia , Lascano Cecilia , Ceschin Danilo , Venturino Andrés 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Transcriptional analysis of the network of transcription regulators and target pathways in exposed organisms may be a hard task when their genome remains unknown. We used a whole transcriptome study on Rhinella arenarum larvae exposed to the organophosphorus pesticides azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos to evaluate transcriptional effects on a priori selected groups of genes. This approach allowed us to evaluate the effects on hypothesis-selected pathways such as target esterases, detoxifying enzymes, polyamine metabolism and signaling and regulatory pathways modulating them. We could then compare the responses at the transcriptional level with previously described effects at the enzymatic or metabolic levels to obtain global insight into toxicity-response mechanisms. The effects of both pesticides on the transcript levels of these pathways could be considered moderate, while the responses elicited by chlorpyrifos were more potent and earlier than those elicited by azinphos-methyl. Finally, we infer a prevailing downregulation effect of pesticides on signaling pathways and transcription factor transcripts encoding products that modulate/control the polyamine and antioxidant response pathways. We additionally tested and selected potential housekeeping genes based on those reported for other species. These results allow us to go through future confirmatory studies on pesticide gene expression modulation in toad larvae.
Isotopic Evidence for Sources of Dissolved Carbon and the Role of Organic Matter Respiration in the Fraser River Basin, Canada
Authors: Voss Britta M. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Peucker-Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Galy Valier , Lang Susan Q. , McIntyre Cameron , Spencer Robert G. M. , Bulygina Ekaterina , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Guay Katherine A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sources of dissolved and particulate carbon to the Fraser River system vary significantly in space and time. Tributaries in the northern interior of the basin consistently deliver higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the main stem than other tributaries. Based on samples collected near the Fraser River mouth throughout 2013, the radiocarbon age of DOC exported from the Fraser River does not change significantly across seasons despite a spike in DOC concentration during the freshet, suggesting modulation of heterogeneous upstream signals during transit through the river basin. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are highest in the Rocky Mountain headwater region where carbonate weathering is evident, but also in tributaries with high DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC respiration may be responsible for a significant portion of DIC in this basin. Using an isotope and major ion mass balance approach to constrain the contributions of carbonate and silicate weathering and DOC respiration, we estimate that up to 29% of DIC is derived from DOC respiration in some parts of the Fraser River basin. Overall, these results indicate close coupling between the cycling of DOC and DIC, and that carbon is actively processed and transformed during transport through the river network.
Synergistic Excited State involved Catalytic Reduction of (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] Complex by SnO2/TiO2 Nanocomposite
Authors: D Venkatesh , S Pavalamalar , R Silambarasan , K Anbalagan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of well-fabricated, economical SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized via hydrothermal route was validated using the (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] complex under ultra-violet illumination. The structural features of (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] complex was explored in detail. The catalysts were systematically examined with XRD, SEM, FT-IR UV-vis, PL, micro-Raman, VSM, AFM, HRTEM. The photoreactivity of the model compound (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] in water/binary solvent systems was investigated. The rate of photoreaction (k) of nanocomposite (0.1432 sec-1) is higher than the SnO2 (0.0373 sec-1) and TiO2 (0.1422 sec-1) in H2O:PriOH (70:30%) than the rest of the solvents system. The pathways, mechanistic feature of accumulated reactive species on nanocomposite to induce adherent [Fe(dipic)2]- anion and photo-reductive products were studied. The generation of hydroxyl radical on the surface of each catalyst can be identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin and discussed.
Integration of Feature Vectors from Raw Laboratory, Medication and Procedure Names Improves the Precision and Recall of Models to Predict Postoperative Mortality and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Hofer Ira S. , Kupina Marina , Laddaran Lori , Halperin Eran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction:

Manuscripts that have successfully used machine learning (ML) to predict a variety of perioperative outcomes often use only a limited number of features selected by a clinician. We hypothesized that techniques leveraging a broad set of features for patient laboratory results, medications, and the surgical procedure name would improve performance as compared to a more limited set of features chosen by clinicians.
Methods

Feature vectors for laboratory results included 702 features total derived from 39 laboratory tests, medications consisted of a binary flag for 126 commonly used medications, procedure name used the Word2Vec package for create a vector of length 100. Nine models were trained: Baseline Features, one for each of the three types of data Baseline+Each data type (, all features, and then all features with feature reduction algorithm.
Results

Across both outcomes the models that contained all features (model 8) (Mortality ROC-AUC 94.42, PR-AUC 31.0; AKI ROC-AUC 92.47, PR-AUC 76.73) was superior to models with only subsets of features
Conclusion

Featurization techniques leveraging a broad away of clinical data can improve performance of perioperative prediction models.
Integrative Profiling of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lymphoblasts Identifies Unique Metabolic and Mitochondrial Disease Fingerprints
Authors: Cunha-Oliveira Teresa , Carvalho Marcelo , Sardão Vilma , Ferreiro Elisabete , Mena Débora , Pereira Francisco B. , Borges Fernanda , Oliveira Paulo J. , Silva Filomena S.G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a rapid progression and no effective treatment. Metabolic and mitochondrial alterations in peripheral tissues of ALS patients may present diagnostic and therapeutic interest. We aimed to identify mitochondrial fingerprints in lymphoblast from ALS patients harboring SOD1 mutations (mutSOD1) or with unidentified mutations (undSOD1), compared with age/sex matched controls. Three groups of lymphoblasts, from mutSOD1 or undSOD1 ALS patients and age/sex-matched controls, were obtained from Coriell Biobank and divided into 3 age/sex-matched cohorts. Mitochondria-associated metabolic pathways were analyzed using Seahorse MitoStress and ATP Rate assays, complemented with metabolic phenotype microarrays, metabolite levels, gene expression, and protein expression and activity. Pooled (all cohorts) and paired (intra-cohort) analyses were performed by using bioinformatic tools, and the features with higher information gain values were selected and used for principal component analysis and Naïve Bayes classification. Pooled analysis revealed that undSOD1 patients had statistically higher glycolytic ATP production rate and lower Tfam protein content compared to controls, which were also the experimental features highlighted by multidimensional analysis. Metabolic phenotypic profiles in lymphoblasts from ALS patients with mutSOD1 and undSOD1 revealed unique age-dependent different substrate oxidation profiles. For most parameters, different patterns of variation were found between cohorts, which may be due to age or sex. In the present work, we investigated several metabolic and mitochondrial hallmarks in lymphoblasts from each donor and, although a high heterogeneity of results was found, we identified specific metabolic and mitochondrial fingerprints that may have a diagnostic and therapeutic interest.
Cannabinoid Receptor Modulation in the 3-Acetylpyridine Cerebellar Ataxia Mouse Model
Authors: Ranjbar Hoda , Soti Monavareh , janahmadi mahyar , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , sheibani vahid , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder leading to severe motor incoordination. Recently it has been suggested that cannabinoids play a role in modulation of ataxic symptoms. In order to understand the possible therapeutic effect of cannabinoids for management of cerebellar ataxia, we used cannabinoid agonist/antagonists to target the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) in the 3 acetyl pyridine (3AP) mouse model of ataxia. The role of the CB1R was examined by using three different doses of the CB1R agonist, WIN55,212-2 (WIN; 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) administrated 30 min prior to 3AP (55 mg/kg, i.p.) which leads to motor impairment through destruction of the inferior olive. In some recordings, the CB1R antagonist AM251(1 mg/kg) was given in combination with WIN. Locomotor activity and motor coordination were impaired by 3AP, and the application of WIN did not ameliorate this effect. However, the abnormal gait, rearing and grooming caused by 3AP were prevented by co-administration of AM251 with WIN. While the addition of the CB1R antagonist inhibition improved some ataxic symptoms, there was no effect of AM251 on balance or locomotor activity when co-administrated with WIN. Behavioral testing indicated that not only did WIN fail to exert any protective effect on ataxic symptoms, it exacerbated ataxic symptoms, suggesting that CB1R agonists may not be the ideal therapeutic drug in this disorder. When taken together, the findings from the present study indicate that cannabinoid modulation of ataxia symptoms may not act solely through CB1Rs and other cannabinoid receptors should be consider in future studies.
Fission and Fusion Solutions in the (2+1)-Dimensional Generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff Equation
Authors: Li Yuhan , AN Hongli , Zhang Yiyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fission and fusion are important phenomena, which have been observed experimentally in many physical areas. In this paper, we study the above two phenomena in the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation. By introducing some new constraint conditions to its N-solitons, the fifission and fusion are obtained. Numerical figures show that the two types of solutions look like the capital letter Y in spacial structures. Then, by taking a long wave limit approach and complex conjugation restrictions, some hybrid resonance solutions are generated, such as the interaction solutions between the L-order lumps and Q-fifission (fusion) solitons, as well as hybrid solutions mixed by the T-order breathers and Q-fifission (fusion) solitons. Dynamical behaviors of these solutions are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The results obtained can be helpful for understanding the fusion and fifission phenomena in many physical models, such as the organic membrane, macromolecule material and even-clump DNA, plasmas physics and so on.
Are Older Adults’ Difficulties on Emotion Recognition and Theory of Mind Tasks Due to a Decline in General Cognitive Ability?
Authors: Kong Qiuyi , Currie Nicholas , Du Kangning , Ruffman Ted 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Older adults have both worse general cognition and worse social cognition. A frequent suggestion is that worse social cognition is due to worse general cognition. However, previous studies have often provided contradictory evidence. The current study examined this issue with a more extensive battery of tasks for both forms of cognition. We gave 47 young and 40 older adults three tasks to assess general cognition (processing speed, working memory, fluid intelligence) and three tasks to assess their social cognition (emotion and theory-of-mind). Older adults did worse on all tasks and there were correlations between general and social cognition. Although working memory and fluid intelligence were unique predictors of performance on the Emotion Photos task and the Eyes task, Age Group was a unique predictor on all three social cognitiaon tasks. Thus, there were relations between the two forms of cognition but older adults continued to do worse than young adults even after accounting for general cognition. We argue that this pattern of results is due to some overlap in brain areas mediating general and social cognition, but also independence, and with a differential rate of decline in brain areas dedicated to general cognition versus social cognition.
Characteristics and Outcome of Pediatric in a Referral Trauma Center in Iran; a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vasigh Mahtab , Yazd Seyed Mostafa Meshkati , Jahangiri Fariba , Seyedipour Sina , Yazdanifard Mina , Karoobi Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death from early childhood through adolescence.In this study, characteristics and associated factors of pediatric trauma cases are evaluated.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, demographic and clinical characteristics of 622 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran are evaluated. Reported clinical characteristics include mechanism of trauma, type of trauma, ultrasonographic (US) findings, chest and abdomino-pelvic and brain computed tomography (CT) scan findings, blood hemoglobin (Hb) level, urinalysis, type of surgery, and mortality rate.
Results

The average age was 7.46 ± 3.64 years and the majority (63.7%) were male and endured direct trauma (36.3%). Most of our patients (n=305; 49%) were admitted in the orthopedic ward, followed by the neurosurgery ward (n=235; 37.8%). The mortality rate was 23 cases (3.7%). the lowest mortality was in the patients 11 to 15 years old (n=3; 13%), and the highest in five years and younger group (n=14; 60.9%).
Conclusions

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading fatal trauma injuries in children, therefore implementation of preventive measures specific to children is quite important but long overdue.
Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid (PDL) inhibit the replication of influenza A virus through regulating TLR3/MyD88 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhihui Zheng , Zhang Yuqian , Tian Gang , Wang Zehua , Wang Ronghua , Wei Hailin , Wang Wenlei , Su Qin , Min Rui , Wang Xiaoquan , Zhang Pinghu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) as a famous Chinese patent medicine has been widely used for treating upper respiratory tract infection. However, the antiviral effect of PDL remain unclear. Here, the antiviral effect of in vitro and in vivo of PDL against influenza A virus were for the first time investigated.
Methods

The in vitro inhibitory effect of PDL on influenza A virus was investigated using MDCK cell model. The in vivo inhibitory effect on influenza virus pneumonia was evaluated with the ICR female mice (14-16 g) model infected by influenza A virus (A/FM/1/47, H1N1, mouse-adapted). Moreover, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IP10, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ in lung tissue were measured by qRT-PCR. The potential mechanism of PDL against acute lung injury caused by influenza A virus was investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot.
Results

Our results indicated that in vitro PDL has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on different subtypes of influenza A viruses and in vivo PDL could dose-dependently prevent weight loss of mice, increase food intake and reduce mortality caused by influenza A H1N1 virus. Furthermore, PDL could markedly improve the acute lung injury caused by influenza A virus and significantly reduce the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IP10, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Mechanistic research indicated that the protective effect of PDL on viral pneumonia might be achieved by inhibiting TLR3/MyD88/IRAK4/TRAF3 signaling pathway.
Conclusion

PDL not only showed a good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with PDL.