bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Origin of the Black Shale Series and Bentonites from the Wufeng Formation in the Southwestern Upper Yangtze: Implications for the Convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in the Late Ordovician
Authors: MIAO Yu , ZHOU Ye , ZHOU Jiaxi , TIAN Yufeng , WU Liang , LI Shizhong , ZHANG Yaotang , WANG Wanneng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly Paleozoic black organic sediments and bentonites occur widely in the craton basin within the Yangtze block and are generally believed to be genetically related to a specific tectonic setting on the cratonic boundary. However, the intimate relationship between their origins and the dynamic mechanisms are unclear, as exemplified by the genesis of the black shale series and bentonites from the Wufeng Formation during the Ordovician–Silurian transition (OST). In order to reveal the relationship between the Wufeng Formation and the convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks (i.e., the intracontinental Kwangsian Orogeny), two stratigraphic sections respectively in Zhaotong area (Northeast Yunnan) and Puyi area (Northwestern Guizhou) that were located in the semi‐restricted inner Yangtze Sea during the OST were systematically studied, on the basis of whole‐rock geochemical composition, pyrite δ34S (δ34Spy), total organic carbon (TOC), stable Sr isotope, pyrite framboid size distribution and zircon U‐Pb age, trace elements. The evidence shows that the paleo‐oceanic environment changed significantly at the turn of the early–late Katian and formed the black shale series in the Wufeng Formation. These acritarch assemblages were formed in the transition process of the Upper Yangtze Basin from passive continental margin basin to foreland basin during this interval. Based on previous research on the genetic relationship between black shale series and plate tectonic movement, a basin‐mountain evolution model suitable for South China in the Late Ordovician is presented. The two bentonites in the Wufeng Formation with U‐Pb ages of 445.5 ± 0.8 Ma and 441.9 ± 2.4 Ma primarily originated from the intermediate–acid volcanic eruption during the collision and convergence between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Ordovician, the provenance region probably being located in the Jiangnan orogenic belt. Thus, we believe that the appearance of the black shale series and bentonite in the Wufeng Formation at the turn of the early–late Katian may represent the initiation of basin‐mountain transformation and the Kwangsian Orogeny in South China, which provides important evidence for the collision and convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Ordovician.
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory cases of polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A study from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Masudur , Laila Kamrul , Rahman Shahana Akhter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are treatment options for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) cases which cannot be afforded by the majority. Tofacitinib is a novel Janus kinase inhibitor, which is reported to be a cost‐effective oral alternative to biologics. This prospective observational study was carried out to observe the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in refractory polyarticular course JIA patients.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Twenty‐seven refractory polyarticular course JIA patients were included in this study. Patients received tofacitinib at recommended doses. Disease activity level was assessed by Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) 27. Cases were evaluated at baseline and at the 6th, 12th and 24th weeks. Safety was monitored from history, examination findings and laboratory reports. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.ResultsEnthesitis‐related arthritis was the commonest type (37%) followed by polyarticular (rheumatoid factor+) and systemic JIA. There was significant improvement in JADAS 27 in all the subtypes of JIA except oligoarticular extended type. Among 100% high disease activity state cases at baseline, 70.4% were inactive at 24 weeks. It was also possible to significantly reduce the dose of steroid. Few side effects like headache and vomiting, elevation of alanine aminotransferase and anemia were observed at 6 weeks. These side effects subsequently improved.ConclusionSignificant reduction of disease activity score was observed from baseline to follow up in this study. Tofacitinib was well tolerated with minimum side effects.
Rewards and Fear of Being Labeled as Racist: A Tax Fraud Whistleblowing Investigation*
Authors: Dhaliwal Sonia , Farrar Jonathan , Hausserman Cass 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis article investigates experimentally, in the income tax context, how whistleblowing intentions are influenced when a tax fraud perpetrator is of a different race than a potential whistleblower. In particular, it examines the impact of a message highlighting the social value of whistleblowing and how fear of being perceived as racist influences whistleblowing decision‐making. Using insights from the fear elicitation and processing literature, we find that a potential whistleblower from a majority racial group who learns about a fraud perpetrated by someone from a minority racial group is significantly more likely to blow the whistle anonymously when a social value message is present versus absent, as the presence of a social value message reduces fear of being perceived as racist. However, we do not find that race dissimilarity is significantly associated with non‐anonymous whistleblowing intentions, irrespective of the presence of a social value message. Furthermore, in non‐anonymous whistleblowing situations, potential whistleblowers have to disclose their identities to the tax authority to become eligible for a cash reward. Even when potential whistleblowers can choose the amount of a cash reward they would have to be paid in order to blow the whistle, our results show that whistleblowing intentions do not increase significantly when perpetrators and potential whistleblowers are of different races. Overall, our results suggest that the societal value of tax whistleblowing and the use of cash rewards for whistleblowing are limited by other sociological considerations.
Palliative care interventions for adults in the emergency department: A review of components, delivery models, and outcomes
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Agbeko Anita Eseenam , Acheampong Emmanuel Kwasi , Abu‐Odah Hammoda , Davids Jephtah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExisting evidence suggest the emergence of palliative care (PC) services in the emergency department (ED). To gain insight into the nature of these services and provide direction to future actions, there is a need for a comprehensive review that ascertains the components of these services, integration models, and outcomes.MethodsA scoping review design was employed and reported according to the PRISMA extension guidelines for scoping reviews. Extensive searches in peer‐reviewed databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline) and gray literature sources (Trove, MedNar, OpenGrey, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) were undertaken and supplemented with hand searching. Titles, abstracts, and full text were reviewed in duplicate. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on a PC intervention implemented in the ED for adults. Codes were formulated across the included studies, which facilitated the conduct of a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were retained with the majority (n = 15) emerging from the United States. The components of PC interventions in the ED were categorized as: (1) screening, (2) goals of care discussion and communication, (3) managing pain and other distressing symptoms in the ED, (4) transitions across care settings, (5) end‐of‐life (EoL) care, (6) family/caregiver support, and (7) ED staff education. Traditional PC consultations and integrated ED–PC services were the main modes of delivery. PC in the ED can potentially improve patient symptoms, facilitate access to relevant services, reduce length of stay, improve care at the EoL, facilitate bereavement and postbereavement support for family members, and improve ED staff confidence in delivering PC.ConclusionsPC implementation in the ED may potentially improve patient and family outcomes. More studies are needed, however, to standardize trigger or screening tools. More prospective studies are also needed to test PC interventions in the ED.
Insights from biosurveillance: non‐fatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island 2019–21
Authors: King Ewa , Marchetti Louis , Weidele Heidi , Wolanski Jenna , Shrestha Noyo , St John Kristen , Scagos Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOpioids biosurveillance is a new approach to public health surveillance of non‐fatal overdoses that relies upon laboratory analysis of residual biospecimens from hospitals treating opioids overdoses. In Rhode Island (RI), USA, hospitals report suspected opioid overdoses to the Department of Health. Residual specimens associated with these overdoses are submitted to the State Health Laboratories for further characterization. This surveillance project aimed to characterize non‐fatal overdoses through toxicological testing of urine specimens associated with non‐fatal overdoses during the initial 2‐year period of biosurveillance implementation in RI to assess the feasibility and public health utility of this approach.MethodsThis study included individuals who presented for treatment for a suspected opioid overdose in 10 RI hospitals between July 2019 and June 2021. Urine samples were received for 1354 unique overdose encounters corresponding to reported overdoses. Some individuals experienced multiple overdoses during this time. Urine samples were extracted and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a panel consisting of 1033 opiates, synthetic opioids, fentanyl analogs and select metabolites. Temporal and spatial trends were evaluated for the studied population.ResultsA total of 1354 samples were tested for the presence of opioids in urine collected from individuals who experienced a suspected overdose. Fentanyl (and/or norfentanyl) was present in 79% of all samples in which opioids were found (n = 1033). Fentanyl analogs varied in their contribution to these totals, with observations ranging as high as 35% of all opioid‐containing samples in August 2019 and May 2021.ConclusionsLaboratory identification of opioids involved in suspected overdoses shows that fentanyl and its analogs are the main drivers of the opioids overdose epidemic in Rhode Island, USA. The biosurveillance approach is unique in its ability to quantify contributions of novel fentanyl analogs to the burden of overdoses.
Blended (online and in‐person) Women’s Health Interprofessional Learning by Simulation (WHIPLS) for medical and midwifery students
Authors: Lee Timothy , Yoon Si Woo , Fernando Shavi , Willey Suzanne , Kumar Arunaz 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundBlended teaching combines traditional in‐person components (simulation‐based training and clinical‐based placement) with online resources. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we modified our Women's Health Interprofessional Learning through Simulation (WHIPLS) program – to develop core obstetric and gynaecological skills – into a blended teaching program. There is limited literature reporting the observations of blended teaching on learning.AimsTo qualitatively evaluate the blended teaching program and explore how it contributes to learning.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 98 medical students and 39 midwifery students participated. Data were collected by written survey and analysed by authors using a thematic analysis framework.ResultsStudents reported that in‐person teaching remains a vital aspect of their curriculum, contributing an averaged 63.2% toward an individual's learning, compared with online. Five substantial themes demonstrate how students learnt and maximised education opportunities using a blended teaching program: ‘low‐pressure simulation environments’, ‘peer‐assisted learning’, ‘haptic learning’, ‘scaffolded learning’ and ‘the impact of online discourse’.DiscussionIn‐person teaching remains a cornerstone of obstetric and gynaecological clinical skills education, of which interprofessional simulation and clinical‐based placement are key components. Teaching via online discourse alone, is not sufficient to completely replace and provide comparable learning outcomes, but certainly plays an important role to prime students' learning and to maximise in‐person opportunities and resources. Our study reveals key pedagogies of a blended (online and in‐person) learning program, providing further evidence to support its ongoing utility as a feasible and warranted approach to learning.
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in elderly patients – is advanced age a contraindication?
Authors: Duraes Leonardo C. , Liang Jennifer , Steele Scott R. , Cengiz Bora , Delaney Conor P. , Holubar Stefan D. , Gorgun Emre 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine pouch function and retention rate for restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) in elderly patients.MethodsWe identified patients over 50 years old subjected to IPAA for confirmed pathological UC from 1980 until 2016. Patients were grouped according to age: 50–59, 60–69 and 70+ years. Short and long‐term outcomes and quality of life (QOL) were compared among the groups.ResultsSix hundred and one patients were identified (399 (66.4%) between 50–59 181 (30.1%) between 60–69, and 21 (3.5%) over 70 years of age). More males were in the 70+ arm, and more two‐stage procedures were performed in this group. Wound infection increased with age (P = 0.023). There was a trend of more fistula and pouchitis in the 70+ patients (P = 0.052 and P = 0.055, respectively). Pouch failure rate increased with age, and it was statistically significant in the 70+ cohort (P = 0.015). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression showed that pelvic sepsis (HR 4.8 (95% CI 1.5–15.4), P = 0.009), fistula (HR 6.0 (95% CI 1.7–21.5), and mucosectomy with handsewn anastomosis (HR 4.5 (95% CI 1.4–14.7)), were independently associated with pouch failure. No difference was observed in the QOL among the groups, but pouch function was better for patients younger than 60 years.ConclusionIn elderly patients with UC, IPAA may be offered with reasonable functional outcomes, and ileal pouch retention rates, as an alternative to the permanent stoma. Stapled anastomosis increases the chance of pouch retention and should be recommended as long as the distal rectum does not carry dysplasia.
Investigation of the influence of blade configuration on the hemodynamic performance and blood damage of the centrifugal blood pump
Authors: Li Yuan , Yu Jiachen , Wang Hongyu , Xi Yifeng , Deng Xiaoyan , Chen Zengsheng , Fan Yubo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe design and optimization of centrifugal blood pumps are crucial for improved extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system performance. Secondary flow passages are common in centrifugal blood pumps, allowing for a high volume of unstable flow. Traditional design theory offers minimal guidance on the design and optimization of centrifugal blood pumps, so it's critical to understand how design parameter variables affect hydraulic performance and hemocompatibility.MethodsComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to investigate the effects of blade number, blade wrap angle, blade thickness, and splitters on pressure head, hemolysis, and platelet activation state. Eulerian and Lagrangian features were used to analyze the flow fields and hemocompatibility metrics such as scalar shear stress, velocity distribution, and their correlation.ResultsThe equalization of frictional and flow losses allow impellers with more blades and smaller wrap angles to have higher pressure heads, whereas the trade‐off between the volume of high scalar shear stress and exposure time allows impellers with fewer blades and larger blade wrap angles to have a lower HI; there are configurations that increase the possibility of platelet activation for both number of blades and wrap angles. The hydraulic performance and hemocompatibility of centrifugal blood pumps are not affected by blade thickness. Compared to the main blades, splitters can improve the blood compatibility of a centrifugal blood pump with a small reduction in pressure head, but there is a trade‐off between the length and location of the splitter that suppresses flow losses while reducing the velocity gradient. According to correlation analysis, pressure head, HI, and the volume of high shear stress were all substantially connected, and exposure time had a significant impact on HI. The platelet activation state was influenced by the average scalar shear stress and the volume of low velocity.ConclusionThe findings reveal the impact of design variables on the performance of centrifugal blood pumps with secondary flow passages, as well as the relationship between hemocompatibility, hydraulic performance, and flow characteristics, and are useful for the design and optimization of this type of blood pump, as well as the prediction of clinical complications.
Fatalities associated with gabapentinoids in England (2004–2020)
Authors: Kalk Nicola J. , Chiu Ching‐Ting , Sadoughi Rasa , Baho Heli , Williams Bryn D. , Taylor David , Copeland Caroline S. 
Published: April 2022

The gabapentinoids were reclassified as Schedule II medications and Class C drugs in the UK in 2019 due to their potential misuse. In this study we examined deaths following gabapentinoid use in England reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths.A total of 3051 deaths were reported (gabapentin: 913 cases; pregabalin: 2322 cases [both detected in 184 cases]). Prescribed and illicitly obtained gabapentinoids accounted for similar proportions of deaths (gabapentin illicit 38.0%, prescribed 37.1%; pregabalin illicit 41.0%, prescribed 34.6%). Opioids were co‐detected in most cases (92.0%), and co‐prescribed in a quarter (25.3%). Postmortem blood gabapentinoid concentrations were commonly (sub)therapeutic (65.0% of gabapentin cases; 50.8% of pregabalin cases). In only two cases was gabapentinoid toxicity alone attributed in causing death.Gabapentinoids alone rarely cause death. Clinically relevant doses can, however, prove fatal, possibly by reducing tolerance to opioids. Doctors and patients should be aware of this interaction.Gabapentinoid–opioid co‐prescribing needs urgent revision.
Treating second‐relapsed/refractory first‐relapsed childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: Successful salvage rather than palliation?
Authors: Merli Pietro 
Published: April 2022

Prognosis of second‐relapsed/refractory first‐relapsed childhood acute myeloid leukaemia remains poor and there are no clear guidelines on the best treatment approach. The report by White et al. suggests that, while outcomes are still unsatisfactory, there is room to pursue a curative approach rather than palliation.Commentary on: White et al. Clinical outcomes of second relapsed and refractory first relapsed paediatric AML: A retrospective study within the NOPHO‐DB SHIP consortium. Br J Haematol 2022;197:755‐765.
Punicalagin suppresses inflammation in ventilator‐induced lung injury through protease‐activated receptor‐2 inhibition‐induced inhibition of NLR family pyrin domain containing‐3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPunicalagin is recorded to be a potent anti‐inflammatory drug, while its effect on inflammation existing in ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) requires further verification. Rats were pretreated with punicalagin, followed by VILI modeling. Lung histopathological examination was performed with hematoxylin–eosin staining accompanied by the lung injury score. The lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio and total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein level were measured. After transfection with protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) overexpression plasmids, mouse alveolar epithelial MLE‐12 cells were treated with punicalagin and then subjected to cyclic stretching. Punicalagin's cytotoxicity to MLE‐12 cells were measured by MTT assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6), PAR2, NLR family pyrin domain containing‐3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in the BALF, lung tissues or cells were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA), qRT‐PCR or/and western blot. Punicalagin treatment attenuated VILI‐induced lung histopathological changes and counteracted VILI‐induced increases in the lung injury score, W/D weight ratio and total protein level in BALF. Also, punicalagin treatment counteracted in vivo VILI/cyclic stretching‐induced increases in the levels of PAR2, inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3, and ASC. PAR2 overexpression potentiated the cyclic stretching‐induced effects, while punicalagin treatment revoked this PAR2 overexpression‐induced potentiation effect. In turn, PAR2 overexpression partly resisted the punicalagin treatment‐induced counteractive effects on the cyclic stretching‐induced effects. Punicalagin suppresses inflammation in VILI through PAR2 inhibition‐induced inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,4‐triazole‐isatin derivatives as potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase inhibitors
Authors: Dadlani Vedika G. , Chhabhaiya Heta , Somani Rakesh R. , Tripathi Pushpendra K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe issue of emerging resistance to antitubercular drugs has created a formidable barrier in the effective prevention and cure of tuberculosis globally. In an effort to search for new antimycobacterial agents, possibly comprising new pharmacophore, novel triazole‐isatin derivatives were designed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase inhibitors and synthesized by microwave‐assisted method. The synthesized molecules were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity by MABA assay against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The molecule 5h demonstrated MIC of 0.8 μg/ml and good safety profile with higher selectivity index with HEK293 cell line. The antimycobacterial activity was further substantiated with molecular docking studies. The triazole‐isatin derivatives showed significant binding interactions with amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme. These studies revealed that molecule 5h could act as a potential lead molecule for further studies to find new target‐directed molecules.