bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where do recruits come from? Backward Lagrangian simulation for the deep water rose shrimps in the Central Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gargano Francesco , Garofalo Germana , Quattrocchi Federico , Fiorentino Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackward‐in‐time Lagrangian dispersion models can efficiently reconstruct drifters trajectories by linking known arrival positions to potential sources. This approach was applied to the deep water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) in the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea). The objective was to identify the potential spawning areas of the larvae that settle in the known nursery grounds of the northern sector of the Strait of Sicily, thus quantifying the extent of the potential contribution to recruitment from the surrounding regions. Numerical simulations were performed over 11 years (2005–2015) and for two different periods (spring/summer and autumn/winter) corresponding to the species' spawning peaks in the region. The persistence over time of potential spawning areas was identified through a Hotspot analysis of the backward trajectories end‐points, filtered to meet a suitable depth range for spawners. The results confirmed the expected downstream connectivity between spawning and nursery grounds along the Sicilian–Maltese shelf and, notably, indicated that these spawning grounds contribute to the high productivity and resilience of deep water rose shrimp fisheries in the northern Strait of Sicily more than the spawning grounds in surrounding regions. A minor and time‐varying contribution is due to potential spawning areas identified on the African shelf. These results are important to adequately define the geographical scale for the assessment and management of this important fishery resource in the Strait of Sicily. In particular, the assumption of a single stock that does not consider the spatial structure of the population should be revised for the purpose of fisheries management.
The role of bacterial nanocellulose mats encapsulated with cinnamaldehyde on chilled meat preservation
Authors: Yuan Haibin , Li Wei , Chen Chen , Yu Haiyan , Huang Juan , Lou Xinman , Tian Huaixiang 
Published: March 2022

SummaryChilled meat preservation from microbial contaminants is particularly important during meat storage. In this study, the new antibacterial nanofiber mats based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and cinnamaldehyde (CMD) were fabricated to evaluate their potential on chilled meat preservation. In particular, the release kinetics, bacteriostatic properties, and the effects on chilled meat preservation were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that CMD was evenly incorporated within the BNC network, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the CMD was entrapped in BNC without any chemical interaction. Evaluation of the release mechanisms and kinetics of loaded CMD using various mathematical models showed superior efficacy of the CMD, primarily controlled by diffusion mechanism. The BNC‐CMD mats were able to effectively maintain the colour and control pH and total colony count of chilled meat following 10 days of storage at 4 °C, indicating that they are better in preserving chilled mean compared to commercial cotton fresh‐keeping mats. The results of this study demonstrate the important role of BNC‐CMD mats in preserving chilled meat with large industrial applications.
Practising professionalism in activation work: Developing and testing a questionnaire
Authors: van Berkel Rik , Penning de Vries Julia , van der Aa Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe professional nature and professionalisation of the street‐level delivery of activation policies have received increasing attention in academic debate. The study reported in this article contributes to this debate in two ways. The first way is to elaborate a multidimensional conceptualisation of practising professionalism in activation work, distinguishing eight dimensions: knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge use, innovation, accountability, client‐centred practice, collaboration and methodical work. The second way is to have developed and test a questionnaire for studying professional practice in activation work. Two models were compared in the study. The first model hypothesised that professional practice is a construct capturing all eight dimensions. The second model hypothesised that the eight dimensions reflect a knowledge‐oriented and a service‐oriented aspect of professional practice. The models were tested using data from a survey among Dutch activation workers. Both provided acceptable fits with our data. What model researchers consider most appropriate will depend on the focus of their research.Key Practitioner Message• This article helps practitioners in discussing and developing the professionalisation of the frontline delivery of activation policies.
Revisiting auxiliary social services for persons with disability: The Philippines case
Authors: Susmerano Exxon Buena , Yamada Kyohei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing multiple case studies design, the paper examined how selected local governments in the Philippines implement the policy on auxiliary social services for persons with disability (PWDs) and analyzed how the implementation is influenced by factors such as local policy guidelines, financial resources, and local institutional actors. It was found that local policies play a key role in providing knowledge and guidance to local governments on social services that need to be delivered and could serve as basis for budget allocation. Financial resources can also influence the operation of the unit/office responsible to deliver the services, the types of services that the local government is able to deliver, the number of PWDs that can be provided with services, and the capacity building activities for local government workers. Likewise, local institutional actors can affect the functionality of responsible offices as well as the extent and coverage of services provided to PWDs.
Measuring public‐private‐substitution after divorce: Ex‐spouse income and the effect of marital separation on social assistance take‐up
Authors: Kessler Dorian , Potarca Gina , Bernardi Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth public social assistance and private child and spousal support reduce the poverty risks of single parent households. However, research on system interactions has highlighted that social assistance eligibility is often denied for households that have a private support order. Such public‐private substitution reduces social expenditures but undermines poverty reduction and prolongs economic dependency in separated couples. Using Swiss administrative data on ex‐spouse income and social assistance take‐up after divorce, this study develops an empirical approach to quantify public‐private substitution. We have found that marital separation increased a mother's probability of receiving social assistance by 19 percentage points if both her own and her ex‐spouse's income were in the bottom 30% of the distribution. This probability was reduced to 1 percentage point for low‐income mothers whose ex‐spouses had top‐30% incomes. This strict public‐private substitution could partially account for child poverty and reflects the traditional gender regime in Switzerland.
An improvement of microfluidic‐assisted internal gelation in the preparation of millimeter‐sized ceramic microspheres
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhao Shijiao , Song Jing , Deng Changsheng , Hao Shaochang , Zhao Xingyu , Li Jianjun , Li Ziqiang , Liu Bing , Ma Jingtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe microspheres prepared by the microfluidic‐assisted internal gelation process are still challenging to reach the millimeter size due to the large gravity. The gravity would affect the sphericity and size uniformity of microspheres. The improved microfluidic‐assisted internal gelation process is designed and optimized to produce large‐sized monodisperse ceramic microspheres with good sphericity. The movement mechanism of millimeter‐sized sol droplets and gel microspheres in the microchannel is summarized and the state of the dispersed phase entering the measuring cylinder is controlled. The friction between the gel microspheres and the tubing wall is reduced as much as possible, and ZrO2ceramic microspheres of 500 ± 5 μm with good sphericity are prepared with the broth at room temperature. The mechanism of sol droplets entering the oil surface is explored to demonstrate the superiority of the improved microfluidic‐assisted internal gelation process. The improved microfluidic‐assisted internal gelation process could be directly extended to preparing other millimeter‐sized monodisperse ceramic microspheres.
Credit, output and financial stress: A non‐linear LVSTAR application to Brazil
Authors: Neves José Pedro Bastos , Semmler Willi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe estimate a bi‐variate LVSTAR model to investigate the non‐linear interplay between Brazil’s credit, output and financial cycles between 1999 and 2017. We use financial stress as the regime‐switching variable to assess how it impacts economic performance. We find evidence of a lengthy transition between regimes. Moreover, Granger Causality tests indicate statistical precedence of credit growth through financial intermediaries. After credit shocks, we find non‐mean‐reverting trajectories and that financial stress worsens the economic downturn. Counterintuitively, total credit growth increases after adverse output shocks. This appears to be caused by elevated public credit provision relative to private credit flows, triggered by anticyclical policy.
Effects of cover crops on soil hydraulic properties during commodity crop growing season
Authors: Haruna Samuel I. , Ritchey Edwin , Mosley Chaney , Ku Seockmo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCover crops (CCs) can improve soil hydraulic properties prior to termination, but their effects on soil hydraulic properties during the growing season are less known. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of no‐till CC on the soil hydraulic properties during the commodity crop growing season in Murfreesboro, USA. The CCs included hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter peas (Lathyrus hirsutus L.), oats (Avena sativa), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). The cash crop grown was corn (Zea mays). Soil samples were collected using a cylindrical core (55 mm inside diameter, 60 mm long) at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths during April (prior to CC termination), May, June and July. Results showed that soil bulk density (Db) was 23%, 12%, 11% and 10% higher under no cover crop (NCC) compared with CC management during April – July, respectively. This suggests a lower rate of soil consolidation under CC management even after several rainfall events. Four months after CC termination, macroporosity and total porosity were 306 and 50% higher, respectively, under CC compared with NCC management. Therefore, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) during July was two times higher under CC management compared with NCC management and this can affect increase water infiltration and conservation during the growing season. Due to CC root‐induced improvement in macroporosity, CCs had 64% higher volumetric water content (θ) at saturation during July compared with NCC management. Cover crops can improve soil hydraulic properties and these benefits can persist for up to four months after termination.
Low hematocrit reduces the efficiency of CD34+ cell collection when using the Spectra Optia continuous mononuclear cell collection procedure
Authors: Kondo Takumi , Fujii Nobuharu , Fujii Keiko , Sumii Yuichi , Urata Tomohiro , Kimura Maiko , Matsuda Masayuki , Ikegawa Shuntaro , Washio Kana , Fujiwara Hideaki , Asada Noboru , Ennishi Daisuke , Nishimori Hisakazu , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Otsuka Fumio , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCD34+ cell collection efficiency (CE) is the determining factor when calculating processed blood volume (PBV) for leukapheresis (LP). However, the factors affecting CE in the continuous mononuclear cell collection (cMNC) protocol performed by the Spectra Optia apheresis system are not well established.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively collected the data from 147 consecutive apheresis procedures across 106 healthy donors and 27 patients completed between July 2016 and December 2020 at the Okayama University Hospital. All procedures were performed using the Optia cMNC protocol.ResultsThe median CD34+ CE2 was significantly higher in the donor samples (64.3%) than in the patient samples (46.8%) (p < .0001). WBC counts, hematocrit, and platelet counts were all significantly higher in the donors than in the patients, and there was a moderate positive correlation between CD34+ CE2 and hematocrit (r = .47, p < .0001), with the equation of the line being y = 1.23x + 12.23. In contrast, there was only a very weak correlation between CD34+ CE2 and WBC or platelet count. In addition, low hematocrit correlated with an increased time to interface formation.ConclusionThese data revealed the negative impact of low hematocrit on the efficiency of CD34+ cell collection when using the Optia cMNC protocol and suggest that hematocrit values should also be considered when determining PBV.
Critical Comparison of Phase-Field, Peridynamics, and Crack Band Model M7 in Light of Gap Test and Classical Fracture Tests
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P. , Nguyen Hoang T. , Abdullah Dönmez A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recently conceived gap test and its simulation revealed that the fracture energy Gf (or Kc, Jcr) of concrete, plastic-hardening metals, composites, and probably most materials can change by ±100%, depending on the crack-parallel stresses σxx, σzz, and their history. Therefore, one must consider not only a finite length but also a finite width of the fracture process zone, along with its tensorial damage behavior. The data from this test, along with ten other classical tests important for fracture problems (nine on concrete, one on sandstone), are optimally fitted to evaluate the performance of the state-of-art phase-field, peridynamic, and crack band models. Thanks to its realistic boundary and crack-face conditions as well as its tensorial nature, the crack band model, combined with the microplane damage constitutive law in its latest version M7, is found to fit all data well. On the contrary, the phase-field models perform poorly. Peridynamic models (both bond based and state based) perform even worse. The recent correction in the bond-associated deformation gradient helps to improve the predictions in some experiments, but not all. This confirms the previous strictly theoretical critique (JAM 2016), which showed that peridynamics of all kinds suffers from several conceptual faults: (1) It implies a lattice microstructure; (2) its particle–skipping interactions are a fiction; (4) it ignores shear-resisted particle rotations (which are what lends the lattice discrete particle model (LDPM) its superior performance); (3) its representation of the boundaries, especially the crack and fracture process zone faces, is physically unrealistic; and (5) it cannot reproduce the transitional size effect—a quintessential characteristic of quasibrittleness. The misleading practice of “verifying” a model with only one or two simple tests matchable by many different models, or showcasing an ad hoc improvement for one type of test while ignoring misfits of others, is pointed out. In closing, the ubiquity of crack-parallel stresses in practical problems of concrete, shale, fiber composites, plastic-hardening metals, and materials on submicrometer scale is emphasized.
Machine learning using longitudinal prescription and medical claims for the detection of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Yasar Ozge , Long Patrick , Harder Brett , Marshall Hanna , Bhasin Sanjay , Lee Suyin , Delegge Mark , Roy Stephanie , Doyle Orla , Leavitt Nadea , Rigg John 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate machine learning models to detect patients with suspected undiagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) for diagnostic screening and clinical management.MethodsIn this retrospective observational non-interventional study using administrative medical claims data from 1 463 089 patients, gradient-boosted decision trees were trained to detect patients with likely NASH from an at-risk patient population with a history of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorder or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Models were trained to detect likely NASH in all at-risk patients or in the subset without a prior NAFL diagnosis (at-risk non-NAFL patients). Models were trained and validated using retrospective medical claims data and assessed using area under precision recall curves and receiver operating characteristic curves (AUPRCs and AUROCs).ResultsThe 6-month incidences of NASH in claims data were 1 per 1437 at-risk patients and 1 per 2127 at-risk non-NAFL patients . The model trained to detect NASH in all at-risk patients had an AUPRC of 0.0107 (95% CI 0.0104 to 0.0110) and an AUROC of 0.84. At 10% recall, model precision was 4.3%, which is 60× above NASH incidence. The model trained to detect NASH in the non-NAFL cohort had an AUPRC of 0.0030 (95% CI 0.0029 to 0.0031) and an AUROC of 0.78. At 10% recall, model precision was 1%, which is 20× above NASH incidence.ConclusionThe low incidence of NASH in medical claims data corroborates the pattern of NASH underdiagnosis in clinical practice. Claims-based machine learning could facilitate the detection of patients with probable NASH for diagnostic testing and disease management.
Reflection of leadership skills by a clinical educator
Authors: Keenoo Bibi Sumera 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA leader can only motivate people to do what they want them to do to convince them that it is advantageous. No one can be forced into leadership. Through my experience, I learnt that excellent leadership realises the desired results by getting people to do their best.MethodTherefore, I would like to reflect on the leadership theory closer to my leadership practices and leadership styles at my workplace in light of my personality and personal characteristics.ConclusionAlthough not a new idea, but self-analysis is a requisite for each leader and leader to be.
Learning new physics from an imperfect machine
Authors: D’Agnolo Raffaele Tito , Grosso Gaia , Pierini Maurizio , Wulzer Andrea , Zanetti Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show how to deal with uncertainties on the Standard Model predictions in an agnostic new physics search strategy that exploits artificial neural networks. Our approach builds directly on the specific Maximum Likelihood ratio treatment of uncertainties as nuisance parameters for hypothesis testing that is routinely employed in high-energy physics. After presenting the conceptual foundations of our method, we first illustrate all aspects of its implementation and extensively study its performances on a toy one-dimensional problem. We then show how to implement it in a multivariate setup by studying the impact of two typical sources of experimental uncertainties in two-body final states at the LHC.
In the Land of MMUs: Multiarchitecture OS-Agnostic Virtual Memory Forensics
Authors: Oliveri Andrea , Balzarotti Davide 
Published: March 2022

The first step required to perform any analysis of a physical memory image is the reconstruction of the virtual address spaces, which allows translating virtual addresses to their corresponding physical offsets. However, this phase is often overlooked, and the challenges related to it are rarely discussed in the literature. Practical tools solve the problem by using a set of custom heuristics tailored on a very small number of well-known operating systems (OSs) running on few architectures.
In this article, we look for the first time at all the different ways the virtual to physical translation can be operated in 10 different CPU architectures. In each case, we study the inviolable constraints imposed by the memory management unit that can be used to build signatures to recover the required data structures from memory without any knowledge about the running OS. We build a proof-of-concept tool to experiment with the extraction of virtual address spaces showing the challenges of performing an OS-agnostic virtual to physical address translation in real-world scenarios. We conduct experiments on a large set of 26 different OSs and a use case on a real hardware device. Finally, we show a possible usage of our technique to retrieve information about user space processes running on an unknown OS without any knowledge of its internals.
A Nonstationary Standardized Precipitation Index (NSPI) Using Bayesian Splines
Authors: Stagge James H. , Sung Kyungmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The standardized precipitation index (SPI) measures meteorological drought relative to historical climatology by normalizing accumulated precipitation. Longer record lengths improve parameter estimates, but these longer records may include signals of anthropogenic climate change and multidecadal natural climate fluctuations. Historically, climate nonstationarity has either been ignored or incorporated into the SPI using a quasi-stationary reference period, such as the WMO 30-yr period. This study introduces and evaluates a novel nonstationary SPI model based on Bayesian splines, designed to both improve parameter estimates for stationary climates and to explicitly incorporate nonstationarity. Using synthetically generated precipitation, this study directly compares the proposed Bayesian SPI model with existing SPI approaches based on maximum likelihood estimation for stationary and nonstationary climates. The proposed model not only reproduced the performance of existing SPI models but improved upon them in several key areas: reducing parameter uncertainty and noise, simultaneously modeling the likelihood of zero and positive precipitation, and capturing nonlinear trends and seasonal shifts across all parameters. Further, the fully Bayesian approach ensures all parameters have uncertainty estimates, including zero precipitation likelihood. The study notes that the zero precipitation parameter is too sensitive and could be improved in future iterations. The study concludes with an application of the proposed Bayesian nonstationary SPI model for nine gauges across a range of hydroclimate zones in the United States. Results of this experiment show that the model is stable and reproduces nonstationary patterns identified in prior studies, while also indicating new findings, particularly for the shape and zero precipitation parameters.

Significance Statement
We typically measure how bad a drought is by comparing it with the historical record. With long-term changes in climate or other factors, however, a typical drought today may not have been typical in the recent past. The purpose of this study is to build a model that measures drought relative to a changing climate. Our results confirm that the model is accurate and captures previously noted climate change patterns—a drier western United States, a wetter eastern United States, earlier summer weather, and more extreme wet seasons. This is significant because this model can improve drought measurement and identify recent changes in drought.