bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechatronic System Integrating an Electromagnetic Actuator with the Possibility of Moving the Working Microscopic Tool at Submicrometric Resolutions
Authors: Ardeleanu Mihaiță Nicolae , Ilie Iulian , Diaconu Emil Mihail , Gheorghe Andrei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The possibility to work by using small objects, under the microscopic view, it is a challenge. The force’s spectrum differs from that of the macroscopic scale, and many unexpected force vectors will appear. A sharp tip must be the ideal pressure vector on different microscopic small object to push, roll, and brake and so on. The positioning of this tip must be a very precise one, comparatively with the working area dimensions and we consider that 10 microns can be a reasonable measuring unit for these moves that are executed into a specific way in these kinds of cases. The mechatronic system designed to actuate the tip, becomes this paper subject. Indisputable we will talk about an actuator with one or more than one freedom degrees. Mechanical aspects are secondary, but necessary to understand the impact of electrical parameters on the minimum possible unit of movement. Electronic control refers to a switching and PWM signal, through a software that develops both the effective part of generating the control signal and the HMI interface through a touch-screen. The aim of this paper was to determine the minimum micrometric travel distance that can be obtained with a 12-bit PWM signal generated by a Raspberry mini-computer
Rigidity of Circular Plates with Radial Ribs, Placed on One Side, Neglecting the Influence of Welding Seams. Nerves with Constant Thickness and Height Along the Entire Length
Authors: Popa Carmen , Anghelina Violeta , Despa Veronica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study refers to a plane circular plate, provided with equidistant radial ribs, placed on one side (fig. 1), these having the same geometry of the cross section (thickness and height) along their entire length (fig.2). There is a change in the position of the neutral fiber of the ribbed plate and also in its bending rigidity, along the radius of the plate, in different cases.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Biopolyesters - Emerging and Major Products of Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Mukherjee Anindya , Koller Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Industrial Biotechnology (“White Biotechnology”) is the large-scale production of materials and chemicals using renewable raw materials along with biocatalysts like enzymes derived from microorganisms or by using microorganisms themselves (“whole cell biocatalysis”). While the production of ethanol has existed for several millennia and can be considered a product of Industrial Biotechnology, the application of complex and engineered biocatalysts to produce industrial scale products with acceptable economics is only a few decades old. Bioethanol as fuel, lactic acid as food and PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHA) as a processible material are some examples of products derived from Industrial Biotechnology.

Purpose and Scope: Industrial Biotechnology is the sector of biotechnology that holds the most promise in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating environmental degradation caused by pollution, since all products that are made today from fossil carbon feedstocks could be manufactured using Industrial Biotechnology – renewable carbon feedstocks and biocatalysts. To match the economics of fossil-based bulk products, Industrial Biotechnology-based processes must be sufficiently robust. This aspect continues to evolve with increased technological capabilities to engineer biocatalysts (including microorganisms) and the decreasing relative price difference between renewable and fossil carbon feedstocks. While there have been major successes in manufacturing products from Industrial Biotechnology, challenges exist, although its promise is real. Here, PHA biopolymers are a class of product that is fulfilling this promise.

Summary and Conclusion: The authors illustrate the benefits and challenges of Industrial Biotechnology, the circularity and sustainability of such processes, its role in reducing supply chain issues, and alleviating societal problems like poverty and hunger. With increasing awareness among the general public and policy makers of the dangers posed by climate change, pollution and persistent societal issues, Industrial Biotechnology holds the promise of solving these major problems and is poised for a transformative upswing in the manufacture of bulk chemicals and materials from renewable feedstocks and biocatalysts.
Change in levothyroxine requirements after bariatric surgery in patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Garcia-Moreno Rosa Maria , Cos-Blanco Ana Isabel , Calvo-Vinuela Isabel , Zapatero-Larrauri Miriam , Herranz Lucrecia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the need to modify the total and weight-adjusted doses of levothyroxine after bariatric surgery, identify predictors, and assess the influence of the weight loss on the levothyroxine requirements.

Methods. A retrospective study in patients with treated hypothyroidism that underwent bariatric surgery. The modification of the levothyroxine dose and its association with the weight loss and other potential predictors were evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery.

Results. Among the 63 patients included, 82.54% needed an adjustment of levothyroxine dose during the follow-up. The total weekly dose of levothyroxine (µg) decreased post-surgery at 6 months (β= −49.1; 95%CI-93.7 to −4.5; p=0.031) and 12 months (β=−54.9; 95%CI-102 to −7.8; p=0.022), but did not significantly change at 24 months (p=0.114). The weekly weight-adjusted dose (µg/k) increased at 6 months (β=1.37; 95%CI 0.91 to 1.83; p<0.001), 12 months (β=2.05; 95%CI 1.43 to 2.67; p<0.001), and 24 months (β=2.52; 95%CI 1.74 to 3.30; p<0.001). The weight loss showed association with the weight-adjusted dose (OR=1.07; 95%CI 1.02 to 1.12; p=0.004), but not the total dose (p=0.320).

Conclusions. This study shows a significant decrease in the total dose of levothyroxine requirements change after bariatric surgery during the first year of the follow-up and an increase in the weight-adjusted dose over the first two years. No predictors of modification of the total dose of levothyroxine were identified.
Diabetic foot care knowledge and practice in type 2 diabetes and relation to microvascular complications in Alexandria (Egypt)
Authors: Kassab Heba Sadek , Ismaeal Marwa Tarek , Elfattah Talaat Abd , Elaaty Abd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives. Egypt occupies the 8th rank in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide. The social and financial burden of diabetes and its complications represents a major health problem in Egypt. Diabetic foot and its consequences (ulcers and amputation) are preventable through good education for both physicians and patients.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes attending diabetes outpatient clinic in Alexandria main university hospital (AMUH). Patients were subjected to history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Screening for peripheral neuropathy was done using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the diabetic foot care knowledge and practice in participants.

Results. Only 25% and 24% of participants had good diabetic foot care knowledge and practice, respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice in studied group (p<0.001). The presence of microvascular complications leads to a significantly higher knowledge, but not practice.

Conclusions. Diabetic foot care knowledge and practice are poor in our community. Foot care knowledge, unlike practice, is increased with the presence of microvascular complications. We should develop effective educational programs for patients and physicians to increase knowledge and practice before the development of complications.
Proton pump inhibitors therapy and risk of hyperprolactinemia with associated sexual disorders
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Haroon Muhammad Zeeshan , Alkahraman Yasser MSA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most widely prescribed medications in the world. According to numerous studies, PPIs have been linked to hyperprolactinemia, which can lead to a variety of sexual and reproductive issues. This review summarizes the effects of numerous PPIs on the blood prolactin levels and associated sexual dysfunctions, which have an effect on the patient’s life quality and fertility. The study is taken into account all the available resources till January 31, 2021. Out of total 364, only 27 relevant resources were involved in this review. In certain studies, short-term PPIs use has been shown to have little or no effect on the blood prolactin and other reproductive hormones levels. PPIs have been linked to the development of hyperprolactinemia in several case studies with varying degrees of the blood prolactin levels increase seen in individuals taking PPI alone or in combination with medications, like prokinetics. The relative risk of the sexual consequences development, such as gynecomastia, has been documented using lansoprazole and omeprazole in various cohort studies. On the other hand, other bits of data are insufficient to establish a definite relationship that can turn a possibility into certainty. The majority of the literature data is comprising of double-blind, randomized, crossover studies, case reports, and adverse drug reaction incidents reported to various pharmacovigilance centers. To investigate this link, high-quality studies in patients taking PPIs for a longer time period are needed. We conclude this article with a comprehensive discussion of the hyperprolactinemia clinical implications and the PPIs’ function.
Evaluation of an APN service in acute inpatient care of patients with a malignant brain tumor: a qualitative study in a Swiss university hospital / Evaluation eines APN-Angebots in der akut-stationären Versorgung von Patienten und Patientinnen mit malignem Hirntumor: eine qualitative Studie in einem Schweizer Universitätsspital
Authors: Geese Franziska , Molls Sabine , Schucht Philippe , Raabe Andreas , Schmitt Kai-Uwe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Caring for patients with a malignant brain tumor is complex and requires a high degree of coordination. The disease reduces life expectancy and affects quality of life. Therefore, patients often depend on the support of their relatives. To achieve better care for such patients and their relatives, a Department of Neurosurgery at a Swiss university hospital introduced a Nurse Practitioner (NP) and their service in 2017. 18 months after implementation, an evaluation of this NP role was conducted. It was aimed for to explore the experience of the interprofessional health care team.

Method
A qualitative research design was used. Eight individual interviews and one focus group interview were conducted with representatives of the interprofessional health care team. Using a literature-based structured interview guide, the experience of participants was explored. Interviews were analyzed thematically.

Results
The NP and their service was appreciated. Collaboration with the medical profession and the coordination of profession-specific demands also improved. The NP as a constant person of contact had a positive effect on the continuity of care e.g., with regard to discharge management. Medical doctors and registered nurses experienced an improved patient satisfaction. Further need for improvement was identified regarding the clarification of the NP role and the interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusion
The study reports on the successful introduction of an NP and their service in oncological care; it demonstrates that the implementation of this role can also be beneficial in acute inpatient care.
The Influence of Capital Requirement of Basel III Adoption on Banks’ Operating Efficiency: Evidence from U.S. Banks
Authors: Ogunmola Gabriel A. , Chien Fengsheng , Chau Ka Yin , Li Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The United States is recognized as the largest economic entity in the world and its financial system has developed steadily through the guidance of the Federal Reserve System for over one hundred years. However, in recent years, the global economic downturn, coupled with the global COVID-19 pandemic, has led to an unprecedented economic depression and rapid decline in the United States financial sector. Although the U.S. government has gradually instructed banks to raise the core quantity but a giant crisis under the economic depression is still present. This study thus takes U.S. commercial banks as the subject of research and employs the two-stage bootstrapped truncated regression to investigate the impacts of increases in required Core, Tier 1, and total capital adequacy ratios on their efficiency.
Adoption of Cloud Services in Central Banks: Hindering Factors and the Recommendations for Way Forward
Authors: Edmond Darell , Prakash Vijay , Garg Lalit , Bawa Seema 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Current research on cloud computing often focuses on the technology itself and the benefits that one company can use and choose from cloud services. Most of the research has focused on mainstream enterprises and limited regard to Central Banks’ (CBs’) Cloud Computing Adoption (CCA). CBs are continually exploring opportunities to enhance IT efficacy while minimizing expenditures and ensuring data protection and network security. This paper investigates the factors affecting the CBs’ CCA by surveying 40 CBs representing approximately 25% of total CBs worldwide. The main participants were senior IT managers who are responsible for any IT decisions in CBs. The findings are also significant for other organizations or businesses where data privacy is crucial. The study results indicate that CBs are still reluctant to migrate to the public cloud. Influential factors preventing CCA are data protection, privacy, and risks.
Gold as a Factor of Change in Central Bank Reserves in Periods of the Financial Markets Turbulence: the Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Dodonov Vyacheslav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article examines the impact of changes in the gold part of the reserves of the National Bank of Kazakhstan on their total volume with an emphasis on the factor of changes in the price of gold. The value of the factor of the price of gold increases during periods of global financial crises when Kazakhstan, as an oil exporting country, is under strong pressure on the current account and the exchange rate of the tenge due to a decline in oil prices. During these periods, the National Bank conducts foreign exchange interventions to support the tenge exchange rate and spends its reserves, which increases the relevance of their safety. The paper tests the hypothesis that in such periods, the rise in the price of gold, due to its function as a safe haven asset, can compensate expenditures on foreign exchange interventions for the central banks and increase the stability of reserves. From this point of view, the article examines three periods of high turbulence in world markets of the 2000s and changes in the National Bank’s gross reserves, as well as the influence of the gold factor on these changes. It was revealed that during the crisis periods, the rise in the price of gold contributed to the stability of the gross reserves of the National Bank, and the effectiveness of this factor was directly proportional to the gold share in the reserves.
Why an Unconditional Basic Income is Highly Problematic – General Considerations and Quantitative Implications for the Case of Germany
Authors: Frenkel Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concept of an unconditional basic income is not new, but it is still the subject of much controversy. This paper looks at the quantitative effects of introducing an unconditional basic income, using Germany as an example. It examines the financial implications and other major problems of an unconditional livable income measure. The analysis shows that an unconditional basic income at the level generally called for by its proponents would require massive tax increases and thus a substantial redistribution of income from the middle and upper ends of the income scale downward.
Challenges of endoscopic approach in sphenoid sinus surgery for beginners
Authors: Tarabichi Shirley , Badea Carmen , Pascu Alexandru , Neagu Mihaela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sphenoid sinus and related anatomy should be known considering the intimate relationships with vital surrounding structures, such as the internal carotid artery, the optic canal, the maxillary and the vidian nerves. The sphenoid sinus has numerous variations regarding the pneumatization, the septation and the relation with the neurovascular structures. Multiplanar sinus CT scan is mandatory in the preoperative evaluation of the patient to avoid injury during endoscopic sphenoidotomy.
In this article, we review and describe the importance of the anatomical landmarks of the sphenoid sinus on the CT scan, the anatomic findings that augment the risk of complications during sphenoid sinus endoscopic surgery. Moreover, we discuss about the appropriate type of endoscopic approach of the sphenoid sinus depending on the localization of the pathologic process and the experience of the surgeon, as well as the endoscopic surgery challenges. We analysed 100 patients who addressed to our clinic in the last 6 months and who underwent CT of the paranasal sinuses and we studied the pneumatization type and the anatomic variations of the optic nerve and the internal carotid artery.
A variety of sphenoid sinus anatomy variations were found, and we emphasize the value of imagining evaluation before performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Anthropometric aspects used to treat fractures of the naso-orbito-ethmoido-maxillary (NOEM) complex in cases of facial trauma
Authors: Rosu Andrei Mihail , Sulea Daniela , Rosu Oana Cristina , Cobzeanu Mihail Dan , Bandol Geanina , Moisii Liliana Gheorghe , Cobzeanu Luiza Maria , Costan Victor Vlad , Palade Dragos Octavian , Cobzeanu Bogdan Mihail 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Fractures of the naso-orbito-ethmoido-maxillary (NOEM) complex are frequently acquired post-traumatic lesions, with both aesthetic and functional consequences, if the diagnosis is not promptly established and the surgical correction is delayed.

OBJECTIVES. This study was conducted in order to facilitate the diagnosis of NOEM complex fractures by using anthropometric measures. The aim was to obtain normal mean values of the evaluated parameters from a lot of healthy volunteers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The measurements were conducted on patient-specific three-dimensional models obtained from processing the CT scan images and building further stereolithographic models. 64 Caucasian patients were enrolled, with ages between 19 and 93 years, both female and male volunteers, without previous surgical history of the middle floor of the face. Measurements were performed between certain craniometric points (Nasion, Dacryon, Infraorbital foramen, Rhinion and Frontomalare orbitale) and a database was created.

RESULTS. Although some expected variation arised, we have obtained normal-considered intervals for each of the defined and measured segments between the mentioned craniometric points. We find these measurements useful especially for elaborating a presurgical plan for the best outcome.

CONCLUSION. Simple measurements could orient a fast diagnosis, could help establish a surgical plan, an optimal surgical timing by combining clinical and imaging data.
Clinical-demographic characteristics of laryngeal cancer at a third level of care
Authors: Lizárraga José Lorenzo , Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Martín Edwin Canché , Rodríguez Irene del Carmen Arellano , Alvarado Alejandra Pineda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND.Cancer is currently one of the greatest challenges in public health. In Mexico, cancer has remained in second or third place, as one of the leading causes of death.OBJECTIVE.To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of laryngeal cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS.We performed a retrospective, analytical, observational, cross-sectional study with the review of records in patients with laryngeal cancer in a period of 5 years. The variables age, sex, state of origin, occupation, clinical data were taken. A descriptive analysis of the variables and inferential statistics were carried out with Chi2 and Fisher’s exact test in search of association between tobacco and alcohol, occupation and stages of cancer. A p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS.From January 2015 to December 2019, 62 records were selected, the male sex was involved in a 5:1 ratio, with an average age of 67 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common pathological finding, the most frequent sub-site was glottis, stages III-IV present with greater constancy, dysphonia the most common symptom. Smoking alone or combined with alcoholism was associated with more advanced steps.CONCLUSION.Male in the seventh decade of life who presents with dysphonia of long evolution, of day labor occupation and history of smoking with or without alcoholism, is the clinical pattern of a patient with glottic squamous cell carcinoma in advanced stage.
Roro Jonggrang: Animation Of Folklore For National Cultural Education Media
Authors: - Nurlaila , Nursalim Agus 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini berawal dari keprihatinan penulis akan tontonan anak-anak pada masa kini. Seiring berjalannya waktu mereka mengonsumsi tontonan edukasi yang semakin sedikit. Dengan ragam tontonan tersebut, anak-anak kini mulai melupakan kebudayaan mereka, dongeng. Dongeng merupakan salah satu kekayaan budaya dan historis dari bangsa Indonesia. Sebagai sebuah media hiburan, seharusnya tersematkan sebuah pesan Pendidikan moral yang dapat disampaikan kepada generasi mendatang dari negeri ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan media pendidikan budaya dengan menggunakan dongeng berupa film animasi untuk menarik lebih banyak perhatian anak-anak. Penyajian dongeng melalui film animasi adalah media yang paling disukai anak-anak sehingga penyampaiannya akan lebih mudah untuk diterima. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sejarah yang menggunakan kejadian masa lampau sebagai sumber data dengan berlatar belakang Jawa pada abad ke-9. Untuk bagian desainnya, animasi yang dimaksud dalam hal ini adalah dalam bentuk film animasi 2-D dengan menggunakan Bahasa setempat, yaitu Bahasa Jawa. This research was initiated by the author’s concern for the spectacle of children today. At times, they watch fewer educational shows. With all these spectacles, today‘s children have also begun to forget their own culture, folklore. Folklore is one of the cultural and historical treasures of the Indonesian nation. As an entertainment medium, there should be a moral education message that can be delivered to the next generation of this nation. This research aims to create a cultural education media using folklore with animated films to attract more attention from children. The form of presenting folklore through animated films is a medium favored by children so that the delivery is more readily accepted. The method used in this research is a historical approach that uses past events as a source of data by taking the background in Java in the 9th-century era. For the design, this animation is in the form of a 2D animated film using the local language, namely Javanese.