bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stress on canola seed during dehulling
Authors: Martinez‐Soberanes Edgar E. , Purdy Sarah K. , Reaney Martin J. T. , Zhang W. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mature canola seed comprises an embryo, a group of structures that have a high content of protein and oil, and a fibrous seed coat held together by endosperm tissues. High‐quality canola meal production requires removal of fiber‐rich seed hull that typically contributes little nutrient value. Canola hull accounts for more than 70.0% of the insoluble fiber within the seed, which limits its uses as feed. Dehulling canola seed, before oil extraction, increases the protein content and decreases fiber content in the meal, to up to 50.0% and to down to 10.0%, respectively. Due to the complexity in dehulling canola seeds, several methods have been explored by the canola processing industry. However, little research has been conducted in analyzing the effects that mechanical dehulling methods have on seeds. In this study, we conducted mechanical tests to characterize seed behavior and hull fracture under uncoupled stresses such as compression and shear;stresses generated by the common dehulling equipment used in the industry, such as mills. All tests were carried out on single seeds at different moisture contents, from 5.00% to 25.0% wet mass basis (w.b.). Over a range of moisture contents studied, shear loading mode limited deformation of embryos in comparison to compression loading. Additionally, hardness tests were performed with a nano‐indenter machine to determine seed hull properties. The overall results from these experiments provided information used to construct a computational model that represents canola seed deformation under compression stress.
Feeling a deep sense of loneliness: Chinese late‐life immigrants in New Zealand
Authors: Zhao Ivy Yan , Holroyd Eleanor , Wright‐St Clair Valerie A. , Wang Shan Shan , Garrett Nick , Neville Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore Chinese late‐life immigrants' perceptions of loneliness and social isolation.MethodsA qualitative descriptive methodology underpinned this study. In‐depth individual interviews were conducted in Mandarin with purposively recruited participants. The twenty‐three participants in the study had all emigrated from China, were 65–80 years old on arrival and had lived in New Zealand for between 2.5 and 16 years. An inductive thematic analytic process was undertaken. The COREQ checklist was followed to ensure study rigour.ResultsThree themes, ‘high value placed on meeting family obligations’, ‘feeling a deep sense of imbalanced intergenerational reciprocity’ and ‘moving away from filial expectations’, were identified. Confucianist values of ‘women's domestic duty of caring for grandchildren’, ‘filial piety’, and ‘saving face’ to be accepted and respected by others negatively attributed to participants' understandings and experiences of loneliness. To plan for increasing frailty and to avoid family conflict while ameliorating potential loneliness, some participants reluctantly discarded prior customary filial piety expectations in favour of formal aged care options.ConclusionsParticipants' profound sense of loneliness was seen to be attributed to their deeply rooted cultural values and backgrounds from having lived for a significant period of time in China. Loneliness occurred as a result of the resettlement process in later life. These experiences highlight the importance of using cultural framing that takes into account beliefs and adaptations to host societies anticipated during the process of late‐life immigration.
Incidence, clinicopathological characteristics, and therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients with metastasis to the central nervous system
Authors: Namikawa Tsutomu , Marui Akira , Yokota Keiichiro , Kawanishi Yasuhiro , Munekage Masaya , Uemura Sunao , Maeda Hiromichi , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Michiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyze the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 419 patients diagnosed with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer at Kochi Medical School between January 2007 and December 2021 were evaluated. Data of patients were reviewed, and clinicopathological information and survival outcomes of those with CNS metastases were compared to patients without CNS metastases.ResultsIn total, 12/419 (2.9%) patients (median age: 66.5 years [range, 41–82 years]) were diagnosed with CNS metastasis from gastric cancer. Eleven had diffuse‐type gastric cancer which was significantly more common than in those without CNS metastasis (91% vs. 61%, p = .034). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status was positive in one of the 12 patients. The median survival time was significantly lower for patients with CNS metastasis than for those without CNS metastasis (1.8 months vs. 11.4 months, p < .001). The median survival time for patients who underwent surgical resection, radiation, or chemotherapy for CNS metastasis was significantly higher than those who received only best supportive care (3.5 months vs. .6 months; p = .007).ConclusionsCNS metastasis was found in 2.9% (12/419) of patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Diffuse‐type histology was a risk factor for CNS metastasis. Multidisciplinary treatment, including surgical resection, radiation treatment, or chemotherapy, for CNS metastasis from gastric cancer may benefit selected patients.
The environmental and occupational influence of pesticides on male fertility: A systematic review of human studies
Authors: Giulioni Carlo , Maurizi Valentina , Castellani Daniele , Scarcella Simone , Skrami Edlira , Balercia Giancarlo , Galosi Andrea Benedetto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe environment plays a key role in male infertility, changing the incidence in various populations, and pesticides are one of the most studied hazards. The use of the latter has never decreased, jeopardizing the safety of workers and the general population.ObjectiveOur purpose was to summarize the results of studies discussing the association between pesticides and male fertility.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only human studies were considered. Semen parameters and DNA integrity were considered to evaluate the effect of pesticides on men.ResultsA total of 64 studies that investigated their impact in terms of semen parameters (51 studies) and chromatin and DNA integrity (25 studies) were included. The most frequently affected parameters were total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, although a reduction in ejaculate volume and concentration occur in several cases. A tangible worsening of semen quality was associated with organochlorines and organophosphates. Furthermore, pesticide exposure, especially pyrethroids, was related to a higher DNA fragmentation index and chromosome aneuploidy in most articles.ConclusionThe epidemiological evidence supports the association between pesticides and male fertility for workers and the exposed population in terms of semen quality, DNA fragmentation, and chromosome aneuploidy.
Novel prognostic model predicts overall survival in colon cancer based on RNA splicing regulation gene expression
Authors: Luo Qiu‐Yun , Di Tian , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Peng Jian‐Hong , Sun Jian , Xia Zeng‐Fei , Pan Wen‐Tao , Luo Fan , Lu Fei‐Teng , Sun Yu‐Ting , Yang Li‐Qiong , Zhang Lin , Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Yang Da‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractColon cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Dysregulated RNA splicing factors have been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and development in colon cancer. In this study, we interrogated clinical and RNA expression data of colon cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Genes regulating RNA splicing correlated with survival in colon cancer were identified and a risk score model was constructed using Cox regression analyses. In the risk model, RNA splicing factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PPARGC1) is correlated with a good survival outcome, whereas Cdc2‐like kinase 1(CLK1), CLK2, and A‐kinase anchor protein 8‐like (AKAP8L) with a bad survival outcome. The risk model has a good performance for clinical prognostic prediction both in the TCGA cohort and the other two validation cohorts. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, the immune score was higher in the low‐risk group, and TME‐related pathway gene expression was also higher in low‐risk group. We further verified the mRNA and protein expression levels of these four genes in the adjacent nontumor, tumor, and liver metastasis tissues of colon cancer patients, which were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. In addition, knockdown of AKAP8L can suppress the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. Animal studies have also shown that AKAP8L knockdown can inhibit tumor growth in colon cancer in vivo. We established a prognostic risk model for colon cancer based on genes related to RNA splicing regulation and uncovered the role of AKAP8L in promoting colon cancer progression.
UK national chronic hypoparathyroidism audit
Authors: Kiam Jian Shen , Sharma Vivek , Glenister Liz , Fraser William D. , Turner Jeremy J. O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with chronic hypoparathyroidism may experience suboptimal medical care with high frequency of unplanned hospitalisation and iatrogenic harm. In 2015 the European Society for Endocrinology published consensus guidelines on the management of chronic hypoparathyroidism. We set out to audit compliance with these guidelines.MethodsUsing these recommendations as audit standards we worked with the Society for Endocrinology and Parathyroid UK to conduct a national audit of management of chronic hypoparathyroidism in the United Kingdom. Endocrine leads in 117 endocrine departments were invited to participate in the survey by completing a data collection tool on up to 5 sequential cases of chronic hypoparathyroidism seen in their outpatient clinics in the preceding 12 months. Data were collected on 4 treatment standards and 9 monitoring standards. Data on hospitalisations and Quality of Life monitoring were also collected.ResultsResponses were received from 22 departments giving a response rate of 19%, concerning 80 individual cases. The mean age of subjects was 48.4 years. The main findings were that the commonest cause of hypoparathyroidism was post surgical (66.3%). Treatments taken by the group included activated vitamin D analogues (96.3%), oral calcium salts (66.3%), vitamin D supplements (17.5%), thiazide diuretics (5%) and rhPTH1–34 (1.3%). Compliance with the audit standards varied between 98.8% and 60% for the treatment standards and between 91.3% and 20% for the monitoring standards. Some of the areas of weakness revealed include low rates of 24 h urinary calcium excretion monitoring, serum magnesium monitoring and low rates of renal imaging where indicated. In addition and importantly, 16.3% of subjects had experienced at least one hospital admission in the preceding 12 months.ConclusionWe conclude that further improvements in the UK national standard of management of chronic hypoparathyroidism should be made and that this will benefit both quality of life, morbidity and potentially mortality in this group of patients.
Treatment of horseshoe fistula with a two‐stage modified Hanley procedure: A video vignette
Authors: Leventoglu Sezai , Balci Bengi , Yildiz Alp , Mentes Bedrettin Bulent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA horseshoe fistula is a complex fistula that needs to be appropriately recognized to decrease recurrence rates usually resulting from insufficient treatment. The video presents a modified Hanley procedure for horseshoe fistula.
3D printed PCLA scaffold with nano‐hydroxyapatite coating doped green tea EGCG promotes bone growth and inhibits multidrug‐resistant bacteria colonization
Authors: Zhang Xiangchun , He Jian , Qiao Liang , Wang Ziqi , Zheng Qinqin , Xiong Chengdong , Yang Hui , Li Kainan , Lu Chengyin , Li Sanqiang , Chen Hongping , Hu Xulin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectives3D‐printing scaffold with specifically customized and biomimetic structures gained significant recent attention in tissue engineering for the regeneration of damaged bone tissues. However, constructed scaffolds that simultaneously promote bone regeneration and in situ inhibit bacterial proliferation remains a great challenge. This study aimed to design a bone repair scaffold with in situ antibacterial functions.Materials and MethodsHerein, a general strategy is developed by using epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, firmly anchored in the nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA) and coating the 3D printed polymerization of caprolactone and lactide (PCLA) scaffold. Then, we evaluated the stability, mechanical properties, water absorption, biocompatibility, and in vitro antibacterial and osteocyte inductive ability of the scaffolds.ResultsThe coated scaffold exhibit excellent activity in simultaneously stimulating osteogenic differentiation and in situ resisting methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a bone repair environment without antibiotics. Meanwhile, the prepared 3D scaffold has certain mechanical properties (39.3 ± 3.2 MPa), and the applied coating provides the scaffold with remarkable cell adhesion and osteogenic conductivity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that EGCG self‐assembled HA coating on PCLA surface could effectively enhance the scaffold's water absorption, osteogenic induction, and antibacterial properties in situ. It provides a new strategy to construct superior performance 3D printed scaffold to promote bone tissue regeneration and combat postoperative infection in situ.
The absolute risk of incident type 2 diabetes following exposure to systemic corticosteroids in selected steroid‐related and phenotypic groups
Authors: Ambery Philip , Adamsson Eryd Samuel , Jenkins‐Jones Sara , Heywood Ben , Berni Ellen , Brown Mary N. , Astbury Carol , Hunt Phillip , Currie Craig J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsExposure to corticosteroids is known to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We estimated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in selected patient groups exposed to systemic corticosteroids.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective, observational cohort study, using real‐world data from UK primary care, patients were selected who had at least one episode of exposure to oral or intravenous corticosteroids for any indication. Corticosteroid‐exposed patients were matched with non‐exposed patients. Relative dosage was estimated as a weight‐based, prednisolone‐equivalent dose. Crude rates of progression to type 2 diabetes were determined for patient groups defined by relevant steroid‐related and phenotypic characteristics present at corticosteroid exposure.ResultsOverall, rates of incidence of type 2 diabetes were 12.5 and 6.7 events per thousand person‐years' (pkpy) exposure, respectively, in those who received at least one dose of corticosteroids versus those never exposed. This represented a rate ratio of 1.85 (95% CI 1.74‐1.97). The incidence of type 2 diabetes was found to be associated with several of the selected characteristics, both individually and multi‐dimensionally. The highest rate of incident type 2 diabetes was observed in very severely obese men aged 46‐55 years having had the longest corticosteroid exposure and highest corticosteroid dose (190 incident events pkpy exposure).ConclusionsCorticosteroid exposure increased the risk of incident type 2 diabetes, and there was evidence of both a dose‐response and a duration response. The impact of corticosteroid exposure upon the rate of incident type 2 diabetes appeared, however, to involve a complex, multi‐dimensional interaction between the selected characteristics, some of which might be impacted by reverse causality.
Disease heterogeneity of adult diabetes based on routine clinical variables at diagnosis: Results from the German/Austrian Diabetes Follow‐up Registry
Authors: Grimsmann Julia M. , Tittel Sascha R. , Bramlage Peter , Mayer Benjamin , Fritsche Andreas , Seufert Jochen , Laimer Markus , Zimny Stefan , Meyhoefer Sebastian M. , Hummel Michael , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo cluster adults with diabetes using variables from real‐world clinical care at manifestation.Materials and MethodsWe applied hierarchical clustering using Ward's method to 56 869 adults documented in the prospective Diabetes Follow‐up Registry (DPV). Clustering variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), components of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension/dyslipidaemia/hyperuricaemia) and beta‐cell antibody status. Time until use of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), use of insulin, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), retinopathy or neuropathy were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models.ResultsWe identified eight clusters: four clusters comprised early diabetes onset (median age 40‐50 years) but differed with regard to BMI, HbA1c, DKA and antibody positivity. Two clusters included adults with diabetes onset aged in their early 60s who met target HbA1c, but differed in BMI and sex distribution. Two clusters were characterized by late diabetes onset (median age 69 and 77 years) and comparatively low BMI, but differences in HbA1c. Earlier insulin use was observed in adults with high HbA1c, and earlier OAD use was observed in those with high BMI. Time until CKD or CVD was shorter in those with late onset, whereas retinopathy occurred earlier in adults with late onset and high HbA1c, and in adults with early onset, but high HbA1c and high percentage of antibody positivity.ConclusionsAdult diabetes is heterogeneous beyond classical type 1/type 2 diabetes, based on easily available variables in clinical practice using an automated clustering algorithm that allows both continuous and binary variables.
Birth order and the decline in college completion among the baby boom generation
Authors: Handy Christopher , Shester Katharine L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that changes in birth order during the U.S. baby boom can explain a substantial share of the decline and recovery in college completion among cohorts born between 1946 and 1974. Combining birth order effects estimated using the Health and Retirement Survey and birth order data from Vital Statistics, we estimate that changes in birth order can explain about 20% of the decline in white male college completion rates among the 1946–60 cohorts, and about one third of the rebound among the 1960–74 cohorts.
Different scoring methods of theVARKquestionnaire to evaluate dentistry Students' learning styles
Authors: Tonkaboni Arghavan , Pareshkooh Mahdi Karimipour , Manafi Saba , Mendes Rui Amaral , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe way students process and organise information to facilitate learning is known as learning style. Knowing one's learning style can improve learning and help teachers choose their teaching methods more effectively. This study was conducted to investigate different scoring methods of the VARK questionnaire and compare different learning styles in different stages of dental school.Materials and MethodsStudents in three stages of the dental school participated in this study: basic sciences, preclinical and clinical. The validated reliable Persian VARK questionnaire was utilised. Collected data were computed and analysed in three ways: raw, normalised and weighted scoring by ANOVA and chi‐squared tests (α = .05).ResultThe most favoured learning style was auditory; however, the prevalence of other learning styles varied through stages. On analyses of visual and auditory learning styles by all methods of scoring, no significant difference was seen in different stages (study time). The kinetic learning style, using normalised scoring method, was used more significantly when the grade increased (p‐value = .028). However, in the weighted method, this effect was not significant. The read‐write learning style using all three scoring methods showed an inverse relationship with the level of education (p‐value <.05), which means the tendency to use this style of learning decreased when the level of education increased.ConclusionAs the educational level increases, students are more inclined to use kinetic and less likely to employ read‐write learning style. There was not a significant difference in the use of visual and aural learning styles in any stages of dental school.
Altered morphological traits along central olfactory centres in congenitally blind subjects
Authors: Chouinard‐Leclaire Christine , Manescu Simona , Collignon Olivier , Lepore Franco , Frasnelli Johannes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is well documented that early sensory loss typically alters brain morphology in the areas associated with the lost sense. However, much less is known about the impact of early sensory loss on the remainder of the sensory regions. Therefore, we investigated whether congenitally blind (CB) individuals show brain alterations in the olfactory system by comparing cortical morphology and olfactory bulb (OB) volume between 16 congenitally blind individuals and 16 sighted matched controls. Our results showed that not only CB blind individuals exhibited smaller OB but also alterations of cortical density in some higher olfactory processing centres, but unchanged cortical thickness. Our current findings suggest that a lifelong absence of visual input leads to morphological alterations in olfactory processing areas.
Effect of the porosity on the fatigue strength of metals
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Ronchei Camilla , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea , Luciano Raimondo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, a procedure for fatigue strength assessment of metals containing solidification defects is employed to analyze the fatigue behavior of a ductile cast iron (DCI) characterized by a relevant micro‐shrinkage porosity. The procedure implements (i) a statistical method deriving from extreme value theory, (ii) the
‐parameter model, and (iii) the multiaxial critical plane‐based criterion by Carpinteri et al. According to the above statistical method, both the distribution of defects and the return period are determined. More precisely, the return period is computed by also exploiting a relationship here proposed to optimize the accuracy of the procedure in terms of fatigue strength estimation. The great potential of the present procedure is that the defect content analysis (performed by means of a statistical method deriving from extreme value theory) can be easily performed using machine learning techniques.