bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of suicidal behavior in diabetes: the role of primary care
Authors: Sher L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Studies in different countries suggest that the rates of suicide ideation, attempts and death are increased in patients with diabetes in comparison to the general population. Suicidal behavior in patients with diabetes is a significant but underappreciated problem. Elevated suicide risk in individuals with diabetes may be related to comorbid psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. Considerable evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression: individuals with diabetes are at elevated risk of developing depression and patients with depression are more likely to develop diabetes. Frequent comorbidity of diabetes and depression may be related to psychosocial and neurobiological factors. Other comorbid psychiatric conditions including anxiety and alcohol use disorders may also increase suicide risk in diabetes. Primary care physicians are likely the key to suicide prevention efforts in individuals with diabetes since they see almost half of individuals who die by suicide within 1 month of their suicide. The management of potentially suicidal patients with diabetes in primary care comprises six major components: management of diabetes and its complications, especially conditions associated with pain; diagnosis and treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders; frequent assessment of suicide risk; restricting access to the means of suicide; specific treatments to reduce the predisposition to attempt suicide; and referral to psychiatric care. Suicide prevention in individuals with diabetes and other medical disorders is a difficult but critically important task.
Addressing the Needs of People with Schizophrenia in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thela Lindokuhle , Talatala Mvuyiso , Chiliza Bonginkosi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Research indicates that most people with Schizophrenia from low to middle-income countries do not receive adequate healthcare. Inadequate policies, lack of funding, poor service planning and neglect are some barriers to adequate care. Intrinsic barriers to care include stigma, lack of insight, and pathways to care that are often driven by cultural beliefs, and many systemic challenges. South Africa was not spared from the scourge of COVID-19, hosting a third of all reported cases in Africa. In a country with disparities, it would be of interest to get insight into the situation concerning the healthcare needs of people with Schizophrenia during the pandemic. A pandemic such as COVID-19 placed enormous strains on already limited and unequally distributed health care resources. In this paper, we discuss: (1) The South African healthcare system (with respect to Schizophrenia care). (2) COVID-19 policies related to the care of people with Schizophrenia (testing, access to vaccine). (3) Managing people with Schizophrenia amid the COVID-19 pandemic. (4) Recommendations.
CE: Original Research: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Symptom Management in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Ryan Matilda , Sattenspiel Dina , Chianese Alexander , Rice Helen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) comes with significant medical comorbidities, including heart disease, liver disease, and diabetes—all of which contribute to higher mortality rates and shortened life expectancy. Second-generation antipsychotic medications do not consistently alleviate psychotic symptoms, especially among patients with TRS. Clozapine, the gold standard of pharmacological treatment for TRS, offers only partial relief for many patients. Additional treatment approaches, which include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), are often necessary.

Purpose:
The aim of this integrative review was to assess the efficacy of CBT as an adjunctive treatment for TRS in various study populations.

Methods:
The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines were used to guide the review. A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo was conducted, and a total of 66 articles were identified. Strong inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure that only high-quality studies were included for analysis.

Results:
Of the eight studies that met the eligibility criteria, five indicated that CBT has statistically significant efficacy in reducing positive psychotic symptoms of TRS. There was also evidence that in implementing CBT, a follow-up period of at least six months helps to sustain improvements.

Conclusions:
CBT can be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for patients with this illness. We recommend that nurses who work in psychiatric settings, EDs, and home health or community care settings obtain training in CBT.
Transatlantic Collaborations: Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Experiences of Participating in a Semester-Long Study Abroad Program
Authors: O'Donnell Claire , O'Brien Brid , Markey Kathleen , McCarthy Jane , Flaten Carol , Mueller Christine , Leinen Eric , Martin Katherine , Graham Margaret M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to describe students’ experiences during a 15-week semester involving clinical placement in an Irish university.

BACKGROUND
Internationalization is promoted and facilitated through study abroad initiatives within nurse education. Collaborations were developed between one university in the United States, an Irish university, and service partners. This study abroad initiative involved planning logistics, curriculum learning opportunities, and negotiating clinical placement in meeting state professional requirements.

METHOD
A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Following ethical approval, 19 fourth-year students participated in focus group and individual semistructured interviews. Data analysis followed a thematic approach.

RESULTS
Connecting our worlds details a process of acclimatizing, navigating learning, and using person-centered practices, illustrating meaningful learning in a journey of personal and professional development.

CONCLUSION
Moving beyond the rhetoric of globalization is critical in future proofing initiatives in developing nursing practitioners while balancing potential safety risks in a post-COVID-19 era.
Alcohol Consumption During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Barbosa Carolina , Dowd William N. , Barnosky Alan , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Alcohol consumption and risky drinking behavior increased in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but it is not known if and for whom those changes were sustained over the longer term. This study analyzes longitudinal data on drinking patterns during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Methods
A nationally representative longitudinal survey was used to assess alcohol consumption patterns among respondents 21 years and older who reported drinking between February and November 2020 (N = 557) overall and by subgroups.

Results
Compared with February, drinks per month in April and November 2020 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased by 36% and 38%, respectively. The proportion exceeding drinking guidelines significantly increased by 27% and 39%, and increases for binge drinking were 26% and 30% (both P = 0.01). February to November increases in proportion exceeding drinking guidelines were significantly larger for women (54% increase) than for men (32%), and for Black (508%) than for White respondents (16%). Drinks per month significantly increased more for respondents with children in the household (64%) than for those without children (20%). There also was a significantly larger increase in drinks per month for those who reported drinking to cope (57% increase) and those who reported drinking for enhancement (40%) than for those who did not.

Conclusions
Self-reported alcohol consumption and risky drinking patterns increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring alcohol consumption changes, with a focus on marginalized groups, is warranted to plan behavioral health services and inform prevention for future pandemics.
Opioid Use Behaviors Among People With Disability in the United States: An Analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Hong Young-Rock , Xie Zhigang , Yadav Sandhya , Tanner Rebecca , Striley Catherine , Marlow Nicole M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective
People with disability (PWD) often experience chronic pain, and opioid is widely used prescription medication. However, population-based evidence of opioid use behaviors among PWD is lacking. This study examined the prevalence of opioid use behaviors by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics among PWD compared with people without disability (PWoD).

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Three types of opioid use behaviors (any use, misuse, and use disorder) were defined and compared by disability status. Five self-reported disability types were measured, including hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, and complex activity limitations. Complex survey design–adjusted descriptive and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Of 201,376 respondents aged 18 years or older, 34.6% reported any opioid use, 4.2% opioid misuse, and 0.8% opioid use disorder. Compared with PWoD, PWD had higher prevalence of any opioid use (49.7% vs 30.7%), misuse (6.2% vs 3.7%), and use disorder (1.7% vs 0.8%). In adjusted analysis, PWD with mobility limitation (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.81–2.11) or multiple limitations (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.83–2.02) were almost 2 times more likely to report any opioid use than PWoD. The likelihood of reporting any opioid use (ORs, 1.42–2.50), misuse (ORs, 1.24–2.41), and disorder (ORs, 1.38–2.54) increased as the number of limitations increased.

Conclusions
People with vision, cognitive, or multiple limitations had higher rates of opioid misuse and disorder than PWoD. Development of more inclusive opioid abuse prevention strategies for PWD is warranted.
Analysis of 101 Mechanical Failures in Distal Femur Fractures Treated with 3 Generations of Precontoured Locking Plates
Authors: Collinge Cory Alan , Reeb Alexander Francis , Rodriguez-Buitrago Andres Felipe , Archdeacon Michael T. , Beltran Michael J. , Gardner Michael J. , Jeray Kyle James , Miller Anna N. , Crist Brett D. , Sems Stephen A. , Shah Nihar Samir , Fogel Nathaniel , Tibbo Meagan 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate mechanical treatment failure in a large patient cohort sustaining a distal femur fracture treated with a distal femoral locking plate (DFLP).

Design:
This retrospective case–control series evaluated mechanical treatment failures of DFLPs.

Setting:
The study was conducted at 8 Level I trauma centers from 2010 to 2017.

Patients and Participants:
One hundred one patients sustaining OTA/AO 33-A and C distal femur fractures were treated with DFLPs that experienced mechanical failure.

Intervention:
The intervention included the treatment of a distal femur fracture with a DFLP, affected by mechanical failure (implant failure by loosening or breakage).

Main Outcome Measure:
The main outcome measures included injury and DFLP details; modes and timing of failure were studied.

Results:
One hundred forty-six nonunions were found overall (13.4%) including 101 mechanical failures (9.3%). Failures occurred in different manners, locations, and times depending on the DFLPs. For example, 33 of 101 stainless steel (SS) plates (33%) failed by bending or breaking in the working length, whereas no Ti plates failed here (P < 0.05). Eleven of 12 failures with titanium-Less Invasive Stabilization System (92%) occurred by lost shaft fixation, mostly by the loosening of unicortical screws (91%). Sixteen of 44 variable –angled–LCP failures (36%) occurred at the distal plate–screw junction, whereas only 5 of 61 other DFLPs (8%) failed this way (P < 0.05). Distal failures occurred on average at 23.7 weeks compared with others that occurred at 38.4 weeks (P < 0.05). Variable –angled–LCP distal screw–plate junction failures occurred earlier (mean 21.4 weeks).

Conclusion:
Nonunion and mechanical failure occurred in 14% and 9% of patients, respectively, in this large series of distal femur fracture treated with a DFLP. The mode, location, presence of a prosthesis, and timing of failure varied depending on the characteristics of DFLP. This information should be used to optimize implant usage and design to prolong the period of stable fixation before potential implant failures occur in patients with a prolonged time to union.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Existing tests vs. novel non-invasive assays for detection of invasive aspergillosis in patients with respiratory diseases
Authors: Xiao Wei , Du Longyi , Cai Linli , Miao Tiwei , Mao Bing , Wen Fuqiang , Gibson Peter Gerard , Gong Deying , Zeng Yan , Kang Mei , Du Xinmiao , Qu Junyan , Wang Yan , Liu Xuemei , Feng Ruizhi , Fu Juanjuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Although existing mycological tests (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] galactomannan [GM], serum GM, serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan [BDG], and fungal culture) are widely used for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-hematological patients with respiratory diseases, their clinical utility in this large population is actually unclear. We aimed to resolve this clinical uncertainty by evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and utility of existing tests and explore the efficacy of novel sputum-based Aspergillus assays.

Methods:
Existing tests were assessed in a prospective and consecutive cohort of patients with respiratory diseases in West China Hospital between 2016 and 2019 while novel sputum assays (especially sputum GM and Aspergillus-specific lateral-flow device [LFD]) in a case-controlled subcohort. IPA was defined according to the modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria. Sensitivity and specificity were computed for each test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.

Results:
The entire cohort included 3530 admissions (proven/probable IPA = 66, no IPA = 3464) and the subcohort included 127 admissions (proven/probable IPA = 38, no IPA = 89). Sensitivity of BAL GM (≥1.0 optical density index [ODI]: 86% [24/28]) was substantially higher than that of serum GM (≥0.5 ODI: 38% [39/102]) (χ
2 = 19.83, P
< 0.001), serum BDG (≥70 pg/mL: 33% [31/95]) (χ
2 = 24.65, P < 0.001), and fungal culture (33% [84/253]) (χ
2 = 29.38, P < 0.001). Specificity varied between BAL GM (≥1.0 ODI: 94% [377/402]), serum GM (≥0.5 ODI: 95% [2130/2248]), BDG (89% [1878/2106]), and culture (98% [4936/5055]). Sputum GM (≥2.0 ODI) had similar sensitivity (84% [32/38]) (Fisher's exact P = 1.000) to and slightly lower specificity (87% [77/89]) (χ
2 = 5.52, P = 0.019) than BAL GM (≥1.0 ODI). Area under the ROC curve values were comparable between sputum GM (0.883 [0.812–0.953]) and BAL GM (0.901 [0.824–0.977]) (P = 0.734). Sputum LFD had similar specificity (91% [81/89]) (χ
2 = 0.89, P = 0.345) to and lower sensitivity (63% [24/38]) (χ
2 = 4.14, P = 0.042) than BAL GM (≥1.0 ODI), but significantly higher sensitivity than serum GM (≥0.5 ODI) (χ
2 = 6.95, P = 0.008), BDG (χ
2 = 10.43, P = 0.001), and fungal culture (χ
2 = 12.70, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Serum GM, serum BDG, and fungal culture lack sufficient sensitivity for diagnosing IPA in respiratory patients. Sputum GM and LFD assays hold promise as rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive alternatives to the BAL GM test.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Television Clips to Teach Communication Skills
Authors: Hoffman Beth L. , Sidani Jaime E. , Wolynn Riley , Morgan Allison , Calhoun Bridget C. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to conduct an innovative seminar that was developed by using clips from the television program ER to teach/reinforce key concepts of effective communication for didactic phase physician assistant (PA) students.

Methods
Interactive, 2-hour, small group seminars were conducted as part of the PA curriculum. Demographic data, as well as information about prior exposure to medical-related television shows and interest in specific medical disciplines, were collected at baseline. The evaluation of this unconventional teaching strategy was completed via a post-activity self-administered, electronic survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for closed-ended questions, and a thematic analysis approach was used to examine open-ended questions.

Results
Approximately two-thirds (n = 49) of the students who attended the seminars completed both the baseline and post-activity surveys. The seminars were well-received, with 94% of respondents indicating they would like to participate in similar trainings in the future. The primary suggestion was to use clips from multiple television programs.

Discussion
The results suggest that this instructional format was highly acceptable to modern PA students, who yearn for an amalgamation of education and entertainment. Future work could examine the influence of the seminar on students’ communication in clinical environments.
Proximal tibia and tibial plateau nail-plate combinations: technical trick and case series
Authors: Bogdan Yelena , Dedhia Nicket 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Proximal tibia fractures and combined tibial shaft-plateau injuries are increasingly common. Prolonged nonweightbearing may result in poor outcomes, particularly in elderly patients. Nail–plate combination constructs offer an attractive solution to facilitate early weight-bearing in these complex problems. We describe strategies and tips for these constructs and present the results of a small patient series treated with this technique.
Surfing-Related Craniofacial Injuries: A NEISS Database Study
Authors: Muhonen Ethan G. , Kafle Samipya , Torabi Sina J. , Abello Eric H. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Pham Nguyen 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Surfing is a popular pastime in coastal areas around the world with increasing numbers of participants. There is a lack of detailed data in the literature regarding surfing-related head and neck (HN) injuries.

Materials and Methods:
We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to characterize patient demographics, injury types, injury subsite, and emergency department (ED) disposition status associated with surfing-related HN injuries between 2009 and 2020 in the United States.

Results:
A total of 54,978 estimated national cases were reported from 2009 to 2020. Injuries to the head (36.0%) and neck (35.8%) were most common. Young adults (ages 18–35) made up most ED visits, whereas older adults (>35) made up most (63.5%) admissions. Laceration (46.1%) was the most common injury among ED visits, whereas fracture (30.5%) and internal injury (29.2%) were most common in admitted patients. Concussions represented 7.5% of injuries overall, 9.1% of pediatric injuries, and 9.9% of young adult injuries.

Conclusions:
When treating a patient who presents with injury suffered during surfing, a thorough examination of the HN should be performed. Specific attention should be given to evaluation of lacerations, fractures, internal ear injuries, and concussions. Pediatric and young adult patients are at increased risk of concussion. The majority of surfing injuries can be treated in an outpatient context.
Salvage of Declined Extended-criteria DCD Livers Using In Situ Normothermic Regional Perfusion
Authors: Schurink Ivo J. , de Goeij Femke H.C. , Habets Lex J.M. , van de Leemkolk Fenna E.M. , van Dun Christian A.A. , Oniscu Gabriel C. , Alwayn Ian P.J. , Polak Wojciech G. , Huurman Volkert A.L. , de Jonge Jeroen 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
This study investigates whether liver grafts donated after circulatory death (DCD) that are declined by the entire Eurotransplant region can be salvaged with abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (aNRP).

Background:
aNRP is increasingly used for DCD liver grafts because it prevents typical complications. However, it is unclear whether aNRP is capable to rescue pretransplant declined liver grafts by providing the opportunity to test function during donation.

Methods:
Donor livers from DCD donors, declined by all centers in the Eurotransplant region, were included for this study. The comparator cohort included standard DCD livers and livers donated after brain death, transplanted in the same time period.

Results:
After the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, 28 from the 43 donors had a circulatory death within 2 hours, in which case aNRP was initiated. Of these 28 cases, in 3 cases perfusion problems occurred, 5 grafts were declined based on liver assessment, and 20 liver grafts were transplanted. The main differences during aNRP between the transplanted grafts and the assessed nontransplanted grafts were alanine transaminase levels of 53 U/L (34–68 U/L) versus 367 U/L (318–488 U/L) (P=0.001) and bile production in 100% versus 50% of the grafts (P=0.024). The 12-month graft and patient survival were both 95%, similar to the comparator cohort. The incidence of ischemic cholangiopathy was 11%, which was lower than in the standard DCD cohort (18%).

Conclusion:
aNRP can safely select and thus is able to rescue DCD liver grafts that were deemed unsuitable for transplantation, while preventing primary nonfunction and minimizing ischemic cholangiopathy.
An International Cohort Study of Prognosis Associated With Pathologically Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy of Surgical Treated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cools-Lartigue Jonathan , Markar Sheraz , Mueller Carmen , Hofstetter Wayne , Nilsson Magnus , Ilonen Ilkka , Soderstrom Henna , Rasanen Jari , Gisbertz Suzanne , Hanna George B. , Elliott Jessie , Reynolds John , Kisiel Aaron , Griffiths Ewen , Van Berge Henegouwen Mark , Ferri Lorenzo 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To compare overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with a pathologically complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Background:
In the absence of survival differences in several prior studies comparing nCT with nCRT, the higher rate of pCR after nCRT has been suggested as reason to prefer this modality over nCT.

Methods:
An international cohort study included data from 8 high-volume centers. Inclusion criteria was patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, between 2008 and 2018, who had a pCR after nCT or nCRT. Univariate analysis was used to compare demographic factors, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis used to compare 5-year OS and RFS between groups.

Results:
In all, 465 patients with pCR following neoadjuvant treatment were included; 132 received nCT and 333 received nCRT. There was no statistically significant difference in 5-year OS between groups (78.8% (nCT) vs 65.5% (nCRT), P=0.099), with a similar result demonstrated in multivariate analysis (HR=1.19, 95% CI 0.77–1.84). 5-year RFS was significantly reduced in patients with a pCR following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (75.3% (nCRT) vs 87.1% (nCT), P=0.026). Multivariate analysis confirmed nCRT was associated with a poorer 5-year RFS (HR=1.70, 95% CI 1.22–2.99). nCRT associated with a significantly greater prevalence of 5-year distant recurrence (odds ratio=2.50, 95% CI 1.25–4.99)

Conclusions:
The results of this international cohort study show that the prognosis of pCR following different neoadjuvant regimes differs, bringing into question the validity of this measure as an oncological surrogate when comparing neoadjuvant treatment schemes for esophageal adenocarcinoma.