bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Community Awareness and Understanding of Patron Banning Provisions in Western Australia: Implications for Policy Development and Success
Authors: Farmer Clare , Miller Peter , Kennedy Sally , Saligari Jessica , Gretgrix Emma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract Individuals who engage in problematic behaviours within Australian night-time entertainment precincts can be banned from entering certain locations. Bans are expected to deter recipients and the wider community from further inappropriate behaviours. The collective effect is intended to reduce crime and increase safety within entertainment precincts. This study examined public awareness and understanding of two patron banning mechanisms (police barring notices and prohibition orders) used across Western Australia (WA). An anonymous survey was completed by 1018 respondents, and interviews were conducted with 54 stakeholders. Survey participants had limited awareness of patron banning: 75% had not heard of police barring notices; 87% had not heard of prohibition orders. Knowledge was higher for individuals directly associated with a ban recipient. Stakeholders also perceived a low level of community awareness and understanding of patron banning. Patron banning may have some merit as a specific deterrent for recipients but, in WA, the lack of public knowledge means that the banning provisions may currently have limited effect as a general deterrent. Public awareness should be increased in order to optimise the direct and consequential effects of patron banning policy.
Explanatory artificial intelligence (YAI): human-centered explanations of explainable AI and complex data
Authors: Sovrano Francesco , Vitali Fabio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new class of software tools engaged in delivering successful explanations of complex processes on top of basic Explainable AI (XAI) software systems. These tools, that we call cumulatively Explanatory AI (YAI) systems, enhance the quality of the basic output of a XAI by adopting a user-centred approach to explanation that can cater to the individual needs of the explainees with measurable improvements in usability. Our approach is based on Achinstein’s theory of explanations, where explaining is an illocutionary (i.e., broad yet pertinent and deliberate) act of pragmatically answering a question. Accordingly, user-centrality enters in the equation by considering that the overall amount of information generated by answering all questions can rapidly become overwhelming and that individual users may perceive the need to explore just a few of them. In this paper, we give the theoretical foundations of YAI, formally defining a user-centred explanatory tool and the space of all possible explanations, or explanatory space, generated by it. To this end, we frame the explanatory space as an hypergraph of knowledge and we identify a set of heuristics and properties that can help approximating a decomposition of it into a tree-like representation for efficient and user-centred explanation retrieval. Finally, we provide some old and new empirical results to support our theory, showing that explanations are more than textual or visual presentations of the sole information provided by a XAI.
The spatial dimension of shifting commonsensical understandings
Authors: Karasz Daniele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, I engage with the spatial dimensions of Gramsci’s work and look at common sense through a primarily spatial lens. I discuss how changing commonsensical understandings concerning migration do more than redefine persons as “migrants” or “non-migrants.” As such, I underline how socio-spatial relations are also renegotiated symbolically, in practice, and on multiple scales. Thereby, I take the role of common sense in Lefebvre’s idea of spatial production as an entry point for the analysis. I then link this perspective to migration scholarship that discusses how the relational positioning of localities at specific historic conjunctures influences the differentiation between “migrants” and “non-migrants.” The empirical material was gathered in two fieldwork periods in 2011 and 2018 in the Monte Laa neighborhood of Vienna, Austria. I describe the repositioning of the neighborhood in everyday practices and commonsensical imaginaries both in an urban context and the transnational context of Central and Southeast European space. Comparing commonsensical imaginaries from 2018 with those from 2011, the so-called 2015 “refugee crisis” emerges as a moment of conjunctural rupture.
Assessment of Ismailia Canal for irrigation purposes by water quality indices
Authors: Amer Amany S. , Mohamed Walaa S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIsmailia Canal is one of the significant streams of the Nile River in Egypt. The study aimed to determine the water quality of Ismailia Canal based on the regional and seasonal variability of physicochemical parameters, irrigation criteria, and the irrigation water quality index (IWQI). It was observed that the physicochemical parameters were within the acceptable FAO irrigation limits. All cations and anions values were within the acceptable FAO limits for irrigation, except the potassium (K+) concentrations were over the permissible irrigation limits. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggested a significant seasonal variation in the canal’s water quality concerning all parameters (p value ˂ 0.05). However, the regional variation among various sites was statistically insignificant (p value > 0.05). Statistical analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between different parameters, and the study showed highly significant correlation coefficients between different pairs of water quality parameters. The correlation matrix showed that the pH significantly affected IWQI (r = 0.661). The irrigation criterion values for Ismailia Canal were good, and the WQI levels for irrigation utilization at all studied sites were satisfactory. Deterioration of water quality may occur due to industrial, municipal, and agricultural activities. Drainage water should be treated before being mixed with irrigation water to improve its suitability for irrigation.
Flower strips as a carbon sequestration measure in temperate croplands
Authors: Harbo Laura Sofie , Schulz Gesa , Heinemann Henrike , Dechow Rene , Poeplau Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Flower strips have been shown to increase insect biodiversity and improve agricultural yields through increased pollination and pest predation. Less is known about their potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC). We aimed to investigate the biomass production and SOC sequestration potential of flower strips as a sustainable management option of temperate agricultural soils.

Methods
23 flower strips across varying soil types and climatic regions in Germany were sampled for aboveground and belowground peak biomass in order to estimate the annual carbon input to the soil. Those were used as 23 scenarios to model the potential SOC sequestration of the flower strips compared to a business-as-usual scenario for 1533 sites of the German Agricultural Soil Inventory using the RothC model.

Results
On average, flower strips sequestered 0.48 ± 0.36 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the initial 20-year period after establishment. Converting 1 % of the total German cropland area into flower strips would thus lead to a mitigation of 0.24 Tg CO2 year−1, which equals 0.4 % of current agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in Germany.
We found a negative correlation between C sequestration rate and the number of plant species in the flower strips, mainly related to grasses outcompeting herbaceous species.

Conclusion
Flower strips are one overlooked option for increasing SOC stocks of croplands that has multiple benefits for agro-ecosystems. However, within a flower strip it might not be possible to maximise both plant biodiversity and SOC sequestration.
Novel Eulerian Approach with Cellular Automata Modelling to Estimate Water Quality in a Drinking Water Network
Authors: Bonora M. A. , Capano G. , De Rango A. , Maiolo Mario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The forecast analysis of the exposure to the contamination risk in a water distribution network requires increasing the quality of the applied input/outputs modeling. This need involves using non-traditional models responding to the increasingly high computation requirements. In this scenario, the Cellular Automata paradigm represents a new frontier with considerable potential. Specifically, this paper describes the Eulerian Water quAlity Modeling—Cellular Automata (EWAM-CA) model, aimed at simulating the sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) injection, transport, and reaction phase in a medium-sized drinking water network. The EWAM-CA accuracy was compared with the Epanet software on a Fossolo water network, in Bologna town (Italy), considering a constant and an impulsive input respectively. Due to CA's intrinsic aptitude for parallel computing, a parallel version of EWAM-CA was developed. Moreover, using the capability of the cellular automata to manage the modeling asynchronously, improving the computational efficiency, we propose a novel approach based on activation/deactivation asynchronous rules, avoiding unnecessary calculations in nodes or pipes where no pollution occurs. The different EWAM-CA versions were compared for the case study, and the parallel EWAM-CA approach coupled with asynchronous functionality significantly improved computational performance.
D’Atri spaces and the total scalar curvature of hemispheres, tubes and cylinders
Authors: Csikós Balázs , Elnashar Amr , Horváth Márton 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCsikós and Horváth proved in J Geom Anal 28(4): 3458-3476, (2018) that if a connected Riemannian manifold of dimension at least 4 is harmonic, then the total scalar curvatures of tubes of small radius about an arbitrary regular curve depend only on the length of the curve and the radius of the tube, and conversely, if the latter condition holds for cylinders, i.e., for tubes about geodesic segments, then the manifold is harmonic. In the present paper, we show that in contrast to the higher dimensional case, a connected 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold has the above mentioned property of tubes if and only if the manifold is a D’Atri space, furthermore, if the space has bounded sectional curvature, then it is enough to require the total scalar curvature condition just for cylinders to imply that the space is D’Atri. This result gives a negative answer to a question posed by Gheysens and Vanhecke. To prove these statements, we give a characterization of D’Atri spaces in terms of the total scalar curvature of geodesic hemispheres in any dimension.
On the spectrum of weighted shifts
Authors: D’Aniello Emma , Maiuriello Martina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Linear Dynamics, the most studied class of linear operators is certainly that of weighted shifts, on the separable Banach spaces$$c_0$$c0and$$\ell ^p$$ℓp,$$1 \le p < \infty $$1≤p<∞. Over the last decades, the intensive study of such operators has produced an incredible number of versatile, deep and beautiful results that are applicable in various areas of Mathematics; and the relationships between various important notions, especially concerning chaos and hyperbolic properties, as well as spectrum of weighted shifts, have been investigated. In this paper, we investigate the point spectrum of weighted shifts and, under some regularity hypotheses on the weight sequence, we deduce the spectrum.
Improving graph prototypical network using active learning
Authors: Solgi Mona , Seydi Vahid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the growth of using various devices and applications in modern life, the amount of data available is skyrocketing, but labeling all of this data is beyond the reach of data scientists. Thus, it is necessary to categorize data with a small amount of labeled data. In fact, it should be possible to prioritize data for labeling. To achieve this goal in this study, we have used few-shot learning with active learning and also used the power of graph convolutional networks in classifying data with a graphical structure. To implement the proposed model, we use two graph convolutional networks in parallel to calculate the embedding and the importance of each node. Using the output of both networks, we create prototypes of classes, and then, we classify them according to the distance of each node of these prototypes. We have also used active learning to select data more intelligently, which improves the overall model performance. As well as this, we have tested our proposed model in the field of electronic commerce for tagging goods in big online stores, which encounter a large number of diverse products, where high accuracy categorization in a short time without the interference of human factor and with the help of artificial intelligence is needed to reduce costs. The results of implementing the model on the Amazon dataset and its comparison with the state-of-the-art models in this field show the superiority of our method.
Investigation of contaminant profile in highway stormwater runoff and risk assessment by statistical analysis
Authors: Iqbal H. , Saleem M. , Bahadar A. , Hossain N. , Hanif M. U. , Waqas A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighway stormwater runoff pollution has become a severe risk factor for water bodies nowadays. The conventional risk analysis protocols for directly discharging highway runoff are prone to systematic and judgmental errors. Therefore, a numeric and straightforward risk assessment protocol has been developed in this study that minimizes the errors. For this study, three highway segments were selected in the city of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Event mean concentrations have been used as baseline numeric values for calculating the risk of discharging highway stormwater directly into the water bodies. These values are also correlated with highway characteristics (area, slope, and traffic count) and storm characteristics (storm depth, cumulative runoff volume, antecedent dry days, and cumulative flow). The highway stormwater was monitored for organics, metals, solids, and macro-nutrients at three highway sections. The event mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (50–145 mg/L), total suspended solids (1500–3900 mg/L), chromium (0.25–0.45 mg/L), and lead (0.1–0.8 mg/L) are found to be higher than the environmental quality standards. The risk assessment was conducted by the analysis of variance. The analysis showed that the highway characteristics significantly affect contaminant concentrations, but storm characteristics on contaminant concentrations are not found to be significant. Total suspended solids are the most threatening contaminant in highway runoffs. The study concluded that the risk from contaminants in highway stormwater depends particularly on the specific highway sections’ properties. The first flush portion (initial 25% of runoff) of highway runoff poses a higher threat to the receiving environment than the later runoff volumes.
Schulschließungen als ethische Herausforderung
Authors: Schulze Heuling Dagmar , Helm Christoph 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie hat weltweit viele Staaten zu drastischen Maßnahmen greifen lassen. Unabhängig von der epidemiologischen Wirkung ist unumstritten, dass diese Maßnahmen erhebliche negative Auswirkungen u. a. auf die Schulleistungen, die psychosoziale und die physische Gesundheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen hatten. Angesichts ihrer Folgen evozieren solche Eingriffe die Frage nach ihrer ethischen Rechtfertigbarkeit. Der vorliegende Beitrag führt in die gängigsten ethischen Theorien ein und diskutiert darauf aufbauend die ethische Bewertung der COVID-19-bedingten Schulschließungen.
Bifunctional Liquid Metals Allow Electrical Insulating Phase Change Materials to Dual-Mode Thermal Manage the Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Cong , He Lu , Yao Yihang , Lin Weizhi , Zhang Yongzheng , Zhang Qin , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are expected to achieve dual-mode thermal management for heating and cooling Li-ion batteries (LIBs) according to real-time thermal conditions, guaranteeing the reliable operation of LIBs in both cold and hot environments. Herein, we report a liquid metal (LM) modified polyethylene glycol/LM/boron nitride PCM, capable of dual-mode thermal managing the LIBs through photothermal effect and passive thermal conduction. Its geometrical conformation and thermal pathways fabricated through ice-template strategy are conformable to the LIB’s structure and heat-conduction characteristic. Typically, soft and deformable LMs are modified on the boron nitride surface, serving as thermal bridges to reduce the contact thermal resistance among adjacent fillers to realize high thermal conductivity of 8.8 and 7.6 W m−1 K−1 in the vertical and in-plane directions, respectively. In addition, LM with excellent photothermal performance provides the PCM with efficient battery heating capability if employing a controllable lighting system. As a proof-of-concept, this PCM is manifested to heat battery to an appropriate temperature range in a cold environment and lower the working temperature of the LIBs by more than 10 °C at high charging/discharging rate, opening opportunities for LIBs with durable working performance and evitable risk of thermal runaway.
White prevalence and White preference in children’s books in China
Authors: Yang Yiran , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , de Bruijn Ymke , Mesman Judi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of the ethnicity of authors, illustrators, and characters in children’s literature is important for understanding the ethnic normativity messages that children receive through books. However, ethnic representation in children’s books has rarely been studied in Asian countries. The present study examined the ethnic representation of authors, illustrators, and characters of books for young children that (1) won awards, or (2) were in the annual sales ranks in one of the most popular online book stores in China from 2011 to 2018. In total, 75 books and 1858 human characters were coded. Results suggest a dominant representation of East Asian authors, East Asian illustrators, and White characters. Male characters were overrepresented (especially East Asian males). East Asian characters (especially females) were more prominent according to some indicators, whereas White characters (especially males) were more prominent according to the other indicators. Gender differences in physical features in East Asian characters were found in terms of eye shapes and straight hair. Light skin color was overrepresented in East Asian characters (especially females). The results indicate overrepresentation of White authors, illustrators, and characters as compared to population statistics, as well as the preference for White skin color in East Asian characters in illustrations. The results suggest a form of current postcolonial globalization influencing Chinese children’s literature, and can help to explain potential early origins of preference for people and culture mostly identified as White (or Western) in China.
Assessment of radon levels in groundwater in the city of Makkah, KSA
Authors: Hassan R. A. , Almatani T. U. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGroundwater has been gaining increasing interest as an imperative and crucial water resource. Its demand has been rising swiftly in the closing numerous many years with the overpopulation of and increasing standards of dwelling in the town of Makkah. In recent years, significant activity has arisen related to the natural radioactivity in water. Radon (222Rn) concentrations were measured in ten groundwater samples from distinct locations in the Makkah area, Saudi Arabia, using RAD7 which an electronic 222Rn gas detector linked to a RAD7- H2O accessories (Durridge -USA). The evaluated concentrations of 222Rn in the ground water samples of our study ranged from 0.426 to 18.628 Bq/l with a mean 2.851 Bq/l, whilst the dose of 222Rn due to drinking water in the stomach diverse from 0.089 to 3.912 µSv/y (average: 0.599) and the dose of 222Rn in the lungs different from 1.073 to 46.944 µSv/y (average: 7.184). The total annual effective dose (µSv/y) ranged from 1.163 to 50.855 µSv/y with a mean of 7.783 µSv/y. The effects of the existing learn about point out that the 222Rn concentrations in most groundwater samples taken around Makkah have been under the action levels recommended via USEPA, UNSCEAR, the EU Council, and the WHO.
Effect of extraction parameters on the yield and quality of pectin from mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels
Authors: Sayed Md. Abu , Kumar Jibon , Rahman Md. Rashidur , Noor Fatehatun , Alam Md. Ashraful 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPectin is an essential polysaccharide that is normally found in the peels of various fruits and vegetables. It acts as a gelling agent and stabilizer in many foods and pharmaceutical industries. The current study was focused on the potential of mango peel as a source of pectin. The pectin was isolated from mango (Mangifera Indica) peels powder in the hot water bath at five different extraction conditions viz. temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C), pH (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) and time (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 min). At different extraction conditions, the yield of pectin ranged between 14.60 and 28.42%. The highest yield condition was achieved (28.06%, 28.42% and 28.06%) at the temperature of 90 °C, 1.5 pH, and the extraction time of 120 min. The quality parameters of pectin such as equivalent weight (450.45 to 1324.24 g), methoxyl content (5.15 to 7.90%), anhydrouronic acid content (48.93 to 74.62%), and degree of esterification (43.28% to 77.14%), were found in satisfactory level. In contrast, the soluble sugar content was higher (12.43 to 23.49%), the anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content was low as compared to the existing data for various pectin sources. This is an indication of the existence of protein in the extracted pectin. The mango peel powder was applied in the jelly formulation at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) to identify the quality and the sensory characteristics. The sensory attributes (e.g., color, taste, appearance and flavor) was highly appreciable at 1% pectin concentration compared to other concentration of pectin. The created polynomial model efficiently accounted for the data fluctuation and accurately captured the actual correlation between the independent and dependent variables. The extraction temperature, pH, and time had a substantial impact on the yield and quality of the extracted pectin, according to the results of both single factor studies and RSM. The optimal conditions were determined from the optimization research to be 88.86 °C, pH 1.36, and 79.61 min, which produced 23.31% pectin. Lastly, the manufacturer will be able to get information regarding the quality of mango peel pectin. It can be utilized as an important source of pectin for application in food and pharmaceutical industries.