bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Rip Current Hazard on Caspian Sea Sandy Beach, North Iran
Authors: Javanmard Amir Mohammad , Ranjbar Payam Zanganeh , Ghabraei Ataolah , Kouhi Mostafa Darvishi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rip currents are one of the most serious environmental concerns for beachgoers, and numerous studies have been performed to better understand the current dynamics besides assessing these threats. A broad range of rip currents have been observed on the southern beaches of the Caspian Sea, one of which is the rip current on the beach of Chunchenan village in Zibakenar tourist area. This coastline can be considered one of the most accident-prone coastal zones of Gilan province, whose coastal incidents seem to be associated with the rip currents formed there. To prove the relationship between rip currents and drowning in the study area, we divided the study into three phases: field operation, modeling and analysis of results, and statistical, social, and economic investigations. In the first phase, the bathymetric operation was performed using hand tools. In the second phase, a hydrographic map was obtained using the regional data of the wave and current model of the zone. We dealt in the third phase with the impacts and consequences of drowning by analyzing its statistics and examining its social and economic dimensions. The results demonstrated that waves often form rip currents with a height of less than 1 meter and an angle of about 45 degrees to the shoreline and they sometimes reach the speed of 0.6 meters per second. However, the dominant waves in the study area are north-east waves. According to the statistics of drownings in the three northern provinces of Iran, 174 people (143 males and 31 females) lost their lives in 2017, and 156 people (137 males and 19 females) died of drowning in 2018. The mortality rates per one million populations for the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan were 24.10, 29.84, and 8.03 in 2017, and 15.41, 33.19, and 4.28 in 2018, respectively. According to studies, two people die annually in the study area, which means that 2.81% of all fatal drownings on the 272.1-km beaches of Gilan province have occurred in a single small beach with an approximate length of 1 km. On the other hand, statistics indicate that the majority of maritime accident victims are young men, whose deaths not only result in social consequences such as depression and despair, but also in diminished social trust in government institutions and relevant organizations, increased feelings of insecurity, lost human resources for the country, and squandered expenditures on their growth and education. This makes it more difficult for the country to implement its programs and accomplish its objectives.
Breeding of new strains of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis with high agar content by ARTP mutagenesis and high osmotic pressure screening
Authors: Xiao Baoheng , Hu Yiyi , Feng Xiaoqing , Sui Zhenghong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis) mutagenesis was tried on G·lemaneiformis, and mutagenesis conditions were confirmed. An osmotic pressure screening program was established. Mutants were identified and characterized of relevant physiological traits. The aim of the study is to try to use ARTP mutagenesis and osmotic pressure screening for the breeding of high agar G·lemaneiformis. Treatment time of 46S was found to be optimal mutagenesis time and used in subsequent experiment. The mutagenized spores were initially screened with 58‰ artificial seawater, and then the surviving spores were screened twice with 60‰ artificial seawater in their vertical growth phase and branch growth phase respectively. Four fast-growing and hypertonic resistance gametophytes were selected. The actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(PSII)), photochemical quenching (QL), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ and QN) of four mutants were measured. Both Y(PSII) and QL of the mutant were significantly higher than Ctr. When subjected to salinity stress, the values of Y(PSII) and QL of X3 and X5 were higher than those of Ctr in the early stage of salt stress, which indicated that mutants X3 and X5 can more effectively protect the photosynthetic active reaction center PSII and improve the photochemical quenching in the early stage of salt stress. NPQ and QN of X3 and X5 were higher than Ctr in most of the times, which indicated that the photoprotection system of mutants X3 and X5 was more effective than Ctr. The growth rate of the four mutants was higher than that of the control. X4 was the highest. The agar content was measured, X5 displayed the highest agar content among the tested strains. X5 was more in line with expectations, because of its high agar content and good hypertonic resistance. In this study, the mutant of G·lemaneiformis with high agar content was obtained by the procedure, which provided a certain reference for the selection of high agar content in G·lemaneiformis breeding.
Blood tPA of liver origin contributes to neurovascular coupling involving brain endothelial NMDA receptors
Authors: Yetim Mervé , Furon Jonathane , Lizarrondo Sara Martinez , Pouettre Esla , Maubert Eric , Hommet Yannick , Lebouvier Laurent , Zheng Ze , Ali Carine , Vivien Denis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Regulation of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) involves complex mechanisms with direct influences on brain functions and dysfunctions. Among these mechanisms it was proposed that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) could play a role in the control of neurovascular coupling (NVC) induced by whiskers stimulation in rodents through its action on N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). In the present study, using tPANull mice, conditional deletions of either endothelial tPA (VECad-CreΔtPA) or endothelial NMDARs GluN1 subunit (VECad-CreΔGluN1), parabioses between wild-type and tPANull mice, hydrodynamic transfections-induced deletion of liver tPA, hepatectomy and pharmacological approaches in mice, we have unveiled this mechanism in detail. We thus demonstrate that physiological concentrations of vascular tPA, produced and released by the liver endothelial cells in a bradykinin type 2 receptors-dependent manner, promotes NVC, by a mechanism dependent of brain endothelial NMDA receptors. These data highlight a new mechanism of the regulation of NVC involving both endothelial tPA and NMDA receptors.
Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and Capecitabine (TX) versus Docetaxel and Epirubicin (TE) for Locally Advanced or Early HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: An Open-Label, Randomized, Multi-Center, Phase II Trial
Authors: Yang Houpu , Xu Ling , Guan Shan , Hao Xiaopeng , Ge Zhicheng , Tong Fuzhong , Cao Yingming , Liu Peng , Zhou Bo , Cheng Lin , Liu Miao , Liu Hongjun , Xie Fei , Wang Siyuan , Peng Yuan , Wang Chaobin , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe Combination of taxanes and anthracyclines is still the mainstay of chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Capecitabine is an active drug with a favorable toxicity profile, showing strong anti-tumor activity against metastatic breast cancer. This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of the TX regimen (docetaxel and capecitabine) and compared it with the TE (docetaxel and epirubicin) regimen in locally advanced or high risk early HER2-negative breast cancer.Patients and MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted at five academic centers in China. Eligible female patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the TX (docetaxel 75mg/m2 d1 plus capecitabine 1000mg/m2 twice d1–14, q3w) or TE (docetaxel 75mg/m2 d1 plus epirubicin 75mg/m2 d1, q3w) groups for four cycles. The primary endpoint was a pathological complete response in the breast (pCR). Secondary endpoints included pCR in the breast and axilla, invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.ResultsBetween September 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, 113 HER2-negative patients were randomly assigned to the study groups (TX: n = 54; TE: n = 59). In the primary endpoint analysis, 14 patients in the TX group achieved a pCR, and nine patients in the TE group achieved a pCR (25.9% vs. 15.3%), with a not significant difference of 10.6% (95% CI -6.0–27.3%; p = 0.241). In a subgroup with high Ki-67 score, TX increased the pCR rate by 24.2% (95% CI 2.2–46.1%; p = 0.029). At the end of the 69-month median follow-up period, both groups had equivalent invasive disease-free survival and overall survival rates. TX was associated with a higher incidence of hand-foot syndrome and less alopecia, with a manageable toxicity profile.ConclusionThe anthracycline-free TX regimen yielded comparable pCR and long-term survival rates to the TE regimen. Thus, this anthracycline-free regimen could be considered in selected patients.Trial RegistrationACTRN12613000206729 on 16/02/2013, retrospectively registered.
Threatening the 5G Core via PFCP DoS Attacks: The Case of Blocking UAV Communications
Authors: Amponis George , Radoglou-Grammatikis Panagiotis , Lagkas Thomas , Mallouli Wissam , Cavalli Ana , Klonidis Dimitrios , Markakis Evangelos , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The modern communications landscape requires reliable, high-speed, high- throughput and secure links and sessions between user equipment instances and the data network. The 5G core implements the newly defined 3GPP network ar- chitecture enabling faster connectivity, low latency, higher bit rates and network reliability. The full potential of this set of networks will support a set of critical Internet of Things (IoT) and industrial use cases. Nevertheless, several compo- nents and interfaces of the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) have proven to be vulnerable to attacks that can potentially obstruct the net- work’s capability to provide reliable end-to-end communication services. Various inherent security flaws and protocol-specific weaknesses have also been identified within the 5G core itself. However, little to no research has gone into testing and exposing said core-related weaknesses, contrary to those concerning the NG-RAN. In this paper, we investigate, describe, develop, implement and finally test a set of attacks on the Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) inside the 5G core. We find that, by transmitting unauthorised session control packets, we were able to disrupt established 5G tunnels without disrupting subscribers’ connectivity to the NG-RAN, thus hindering the detection of said attacks. We evaluate the identi- fied PFCP attacks in a drone-based scenario involving 5G tunnelling between two swarms.
The barriers to whole-grain consumption among Iranian students
Authors: Ariya Mohammad , Esmaeilinezhad Zahra , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Dindarloo Mohammad Mehdi , karimi Farzaneh , kaveh Fatemeh , Marzban Sahar , hormozi Kimia , Barati-Boldaji Reza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Studies show that regularly consuming whole grains reduce the risk of obesity and a wide range of chronic diseases. Despite this, studies reveal that students are consuming fewer whole grains. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the barriers to the consumption of whole grains among Iranian students. This cross-sectional study examined students at Fasa, Iran in 2020–2021. The online questionnaires were completed by students after receiving informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression (P > 0.05). The current study involved 1890 students (1287 (68.1%) girls and 603 (31.9%) boys). Despite the preference for white flour bread among 53.8% of all students, 77.4% ate other whole-grain products, and 75.2% consumed all products at least once a week. Additionally, barriers such as access issues (70.5%), family supply issues (91.8%), lack appeal (72.8%), non-consumption by classmates (96.2%), and high prices in recent years (43.9%) were identified as obstacles to whole grain consumption. Furthermore, white bread eating students had significantly lower appetite levels and tended to eat fast food more often than those who ate whole grains (P < 0.05). We found that slightly more than half of the participants preferred to eat bread prepared with refined flour. Several other factors, including lack of access, lack of attractiveness, product price, parents not purchasing whole-grain products, students not paying attention to nutrition labels, peers’ effect, and eating with friends instead of family, also contribute to students avoiding whole-grain products.
Novel postoperative nomograms for predicting individual prognosis of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis
Authors: Xu Liangliang , Dai Fuzhen , Wang Peng , Li Lian , Zhang Ming , Xu Mingqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis is a well-known risk factor for carcinogenesis of hepetocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of present study is to construct individual prognostic models for HCC with cirrhosis.
Methods
The clinical differences between HCC patients with and without cirrhosis were compared using a large cohort containing 1003 cases. Then cirrhotic patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts according to a ratio of 2:1. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to reveal the independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). These factors were subsequently used to construct nomograms.
Results
Multivariate analyses revealed that five clinical variables (hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor diameter, microvascular invasion (MVI) and satellite lesion) and seven variables (HBeAg, AFP, tumor diameter, MVI, satellite lesion, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and differentiation) were significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively. The nomograms based on these parameters were established. In training cohort, the C-indices of the nomograms for RFS and OS were 0.739 (P < 0.001) and 0.789 (P < 0.001), respectively; in validation cohort, the C-indices of the nomograms for RFS and OS were 0.752 (P < 0.001) and 0.813 (P < 0.001), respectively, which were significantly higher than the C-indices derived from conventional staging systems (P < 0.001). The calibration plots showed optimal consistence in prognoses between the prediction by nomograms and actual observation.
Conclusions
Presents nomograms showed good performance in predicting prognoses of HCC patients with hepatitis B virus associated cirrhosis.
Optimization of Single-Point Incremental Forming Process of ASTM A653 CS-A Steel Sheets Through Taguchi Methods
Authors: Filho Paulo Sérgio Olivio , Valle Pablo Deivid , Gomes Islan Castro , Gipiela Manolo Lutero , Marcondes Paulo Victor Prestes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a free forming process of parts in a specific equipment like CNC machining centers or special hexapod robots. It stands out for its high formability and low production cost, being ideal for prototypes and small batches. The main design parameters are the wall angle, material and sheet thickness and, most of the cases, they cannot be modified or even adjusted to improve the manufacturing performance. On the other hand, the main process parameters that impact the product total quality are tool rotation, vertical step size, lubrication and all of them can be continuously optimized. Thus, these last three process parameters are widely investigated in several kinds of research. This paper investigates the effects of applying different tool rotation when shaping a truncated cone of ASTM A653 CS-A steel sheets − 0.43mm thick - with different types of lubrication and vertical step size. It was chosen three level for each factor: 600, 1200 and 1800rpm for tool rotation n; 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0mm for vertical step size Δz and dry, mineral oil and molybdenum disulfide grease for lubrication condition. The statistic Taguchi method was applied to evaluate and optimize the maximum depth of forming and better surface quality (roughness Ra and Rz). The results confirmed the use of mineral oil as the most predominant factor in the process for minimum roughness, maximum forming height, and minimum deformation levels. Hence, the best set of parameters was 600rpm, 0.6mm vertical step size and mineral oil as a lubricant. The parts tested did not show any defects. Additionally, it was verified that the increase of the tool rotation negatively impacts the ISF formability in the case of a thin specimen due to the increment of temperature.
Cell-nucleus Targeted Peptide Tethered Quadruple Carbon Dots for Treatment of High-grade Gliomas
Authors: Cilingir Emel Kirbas , Hettiarachchi Sajini D. , Zhou Yiqun , Ferreira Braulio CLB , Vanni Steven , Leblanc Roger M. , Graham Regina M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ultimate goal of the nanomedicine is built on the idea of robust targeted delivery of complex assemblies that contain sufficient amount of multiple therapeutics and diagnostic agents for highly localized payload release with no adverse side effects. Besides the numerous efforts on the field of cancer specific nanomedicine, still there is a great need for improvements in terms of target specificity. Previously, we have reported a target-specific carbon dots- based dual nano-drug delivery system. In study, for the first time in literature, surface functional group of the carbon dots were conjugated with four different ligands namely, two peptides (shPep-1 and lnPep-1) and two chemotherapeutic drugs (epirubicin and temozolomide). Here, we advanced our drug delivery system as a dual drug nano-carrier (quadruple nano-model) that explicitly targets the IL-13Rα2 receptors and the nucleus of high-grade glioma brain tumors. The successful conjugation of each molecule onto carbon dots (CDs) was meticulously characterized with numerous analytical techniques. Additionally, the in vitro cell viability assay revealed that quadrupole nano-model significantly reduced the cancer cell viability compared to the single peptide dual drug linked conjugates. Further, in vitro bioimaging studies using FITC conjugated single and dual peptides models, showed that dual peptide model exhibited greater FITC fluorescence throughout the cell including the nucleus compared to the single peptide models. This observation is evidence for improved cancer cell uptake and nucleus colocalization of quadrupole nano-model. Our quadrupole nano-model fully serves the ultimate goal of nanomedicine as a nanocarrier which contains two targeting peptides and two therapeutics simultaneously.
Seismic performance of steel braced frames equipped with dissipative replaceable components
Authors: Mattei Francesca , Caprili Silvia , Salvatore Walter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The structural performance of steel braced frames equipped with dissipative replaceable components (DRBrC devices) is analyzed and compared to the one of a traditional Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF) with diagonal-tension-only braces, highlighting pros and cons of introducing such dissipative devices. Deeply discussion about how to design in the framework of a capacity design philosophy, how to model in the nonlinear field and how to analyse the DRBrC frame is presented. In few words, the main benefit of introducing DRBrC systems lies in the easy replacement of the damaged components after the earthquake, allowing to speed up retrofit operations without stopping the activities inside the building. Results of assessment are presented in terms of performance or relevant structural parameters versus Intensity Measure (IM) indicators and of fragility curves, considering two case study buildings with same geometry and design loads equipped with and without DRBrC dissipative devices.
Vocal imprecision as a universal constraint on the structure of musical scales
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth , Brown Steven 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Theories of the origin of musical scales from the ancient Greeks to the present day have assumed that the intervals comprising scales are defined by specific mathematical ratios. Such theories are predicated on pre-tunable instruments, and yet the voice is almost certainly the original musical instrument. Therefore, the analysis of vocal scales offers a more naturalistic approach to understanding the origin of musical scales. In the present study, we conducted a large-scale computational analysis of vocal pitch-class properties and their implications for scale structure. We analyzed 417 field recordings of solo, unaccompanied songs from across 10 principal musical-style regions of the world. The results revealed a mean vocal pitch-class imprecision of approximately 1.5 semitones, and comparable results were obtained across all regions. These results suggest that vocal imprecision is universal and is mainly derived from the physiological limitations of the voice. Such vocal imprecision fundamentally constrains the formation of musical scale structure: it provides a lower limit on the spacing between adjacent scale tones, and thereby an upper limit on the number of scale tones that an octave can contain. We discuss these results in terms of an Interval Spacing model of the evolution of musical scales.
Participation Guarantee System: Promoting Thai Rice using International Geographical Indication and Organic Agriculture Standard Certification
Authors: TONGKAEMKAEW Uraiwan , BAUKHLAUN Benjawan , AZMAN Elisa Azura , ISMAIL Roslan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sangyod rice has a high export potential because it is a high nutrient, Geographical Indication (GI) rice, and its cultivation is encouraged under the Organic Agriculture Thailand Standard. However, it can still not maximize export value due to limitations in developing international organic farming standards. This study extended the participatory guarantee systems (PGS) criteria under GI and the National Organic Program (NOP)–the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic standard by investigating its implementation by the Khao Sang Yod Maung Phatthalung Producers and Traders Association (SPTA). The voluntary participants involved 7 internal auditors, 17 committees, and 1 mill processor. According to the GI and USDA organic criteria, the internal control system based on PGS for the SPTA (PGS-SPTA) improved the rice processer, 12 farmers obtained GI and USDA organic certificates, and 93 farmers received GI certificates. In addition, internal auditors were certified under international organic agriculture standards. However, although Sangyod rice meets both GI and international standards, it cannot be exported because there is an insufficient area under production by the farmers under the criteria mentioned. Therefore, the Phatthalung province should promote the PGS-SPTA system for farmers with development qualifications to expand the area of Sangyod rice organic farming that meets export standards.