bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission and Relapse of Dyslipidemia After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population
Authors: Coleman Karen J. , Basu Anirban , Barton Lee J. , Fischer Heidi , Arterburn David E. , Barthold Douglas , Courcoulas Anita , Crawford Cecelia L. , Kim Benjamin B. , Fedorka Peter N. , Mun Edward C. , Murali Sameer B. , Reynolds Kristi , Zane Robert E. , Alskaf Sami 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceThe comparative effectiveness of the most common operations in the long-term management of dyslipidemia is not clear.ObjectiveTo compare 4-year outcomes associated with vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for remission and relapse of dyslipidemia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective comparative effectiveness study was conducted from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2016, with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Participants included patients with dyslipidemia at the time of surgery who underwent VSG (4142 patients) or RYGB (2853 patients). Patients were part of a large integrated health care system in Southern California. Analysis was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021.ExposuresRYGB and VSG.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDyslipidemia remission and relapse were assessed in each year of follow-up for as long as 4 years after surgery.ResultsA total of 8265 patients were included, with a mean (SD) age of 46 (11) years; 6591 (79.8%) were women, 3545 (42.9%) were Hispanic, 1468 (17.8%) were non-Hispanic Black, 2985 (36.1%) were non-Hispanic White, 267 (3.2%) were of other non-Hispanic race, and the mean (SD) body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 44 (7) at the time of surgery. Dyslipidemia outcomes at 4 years were ascertained for 2168 patients (75.9%) undergoing RYGB and 3999 (73.9%) undergoing VSG. Remission was significantly higher for those who underwent RYGB (824 [38.0%]) compared with VSG (1120 [28.0%]) (difference in the probability of remission, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.19), with no differences in relapse (455 [21.0%] vs 960 [24.0%]). Without accounting for relapse, remission of dyslipidemia after 4 years was 58.9% (1279) for those who underwent RYGB and 51.9% (2079) for those who underwent VSG. Four-year differences between operations were most pronounced for patients 65 years or older (0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), those with cardiovascular disease (0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.62), or non-Hispanic Black patients (0.13; 95% CI, 0.01-0.25) and White patients (0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.22).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort of patients who underwent bariatric and metabolic surgery in clinical practices, RYGB was associated with higher rates of dyslipidemia remission after 4 years compared with VSG. However, almost one-quarter of all patients experienced relapse, suggesting that patients should be monitored closely throughout their postoperative course to maximize the benefits of these operations for treatment of dyslipidemia.
Development of an unsupervised cycle contrastive unpaired translation network for MRI‐to‐CT synthesis
Authors: Wang Jiangtao , Yan Bing , Wu Xinhong , Jiang Xiao , Zuo Yang , Yang Yidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate a novel cycle‐contrastive unpaired translation network (cycleCUT) for synthetic computed tomography (sCT) generation from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI).MethodsThe cycleCUT proposed in this work integrated the contrastive learning module from contrastive unpaired translation network (CUT) into the cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN) framework to effectively achieve unsupervised CT synthesis from MRI. The diagnostic MRI and radiotherapy planning CT images of 24 brain cancer patients were obtained and reshuffled to train the network. For comparison, the traditional cycleGAN and CUT were also implemented. The sCT images were then imported into a treatment planning system to verify their feasibility for radiotherapy planning. The mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM) between the sCT and the corresponding real CT images were calculated. Gamma analysis between sCT‐ and CT‐based dose distributions was also conducted.ResultsQuantitative evaluation of an independent test set of six patients showed that the average MAE was 69.62 ± 5.68 Hounsfield Units (HU) for the proposed cycleCUT, significantly (p‐value < 0.05) lower than that for cycleGAN (77.02 ± 6.00 HU) and CUT (78.05 ± 8.29). The average PSNR was 28.73 ± 0.46 decibels (dB) for cycleCUT, significantly larger than that for cycleGAN (27.96 ± 0.49 dB) and CUT (27.95 ± 0.69 dB). The average SSIM for cycleCUT (0.918 ± 0.012) was also significantly higher than that for cycleGAN (0.906 ± 0.012) and CUT (0.903 ± 0.015). Regarding gamma analysis, cycleCUT achieved the highest passing rate (97.95 ± 1.24% at the 2%/2 mm criteria and 10% dose threshold) but was not significantly different from the others.ConclusionThe proposed cycleCUT could be effectively trained using unaligned image data, and could generate better sCT images than cycleGAN and CUT in terms of HU number accuracy and fine structural details.
A potential revolution in cancer treatment: A topical review of FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Ruirui , Chang Chih‐Wei , Charyyev Serdar , Zhou Jun , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFLASH radiotherapy (RT) is a novel technique in which the ultrahigh dose rate (UHDR) (≥40 Gy/s) is delivered to the entire treatment volume. Recent outcomes of in vivo studies show that the UHDR RT has the potential to spare normal tissue without sacrificing tumor control. There is a growing interest in the application of FLASH RT, and the ultrahigh dose irradiation delivery has been achieved by a few experimental and modified linear accelerators. The underlying mechanism of FLASH effect is yet to be fully understood, but the oxygen depletion in normal tissue providing extra protection during FLASH irradiation is a hypothesis that attracts most attention currently. Monte Carlo simulation is playing an important role in FLASH, enabling the understanding of its dosimetry calculations and hardware design. More advanced Monte Carlo simulation tools are under development to fulfill the challenge of reproducing the radiolysis and radiobiology processes in FLASH irradiation. FLASH RT may become one of standard treatment modalities for tumor treatment in the future. This paper presents the history and status of FLASH RT studies with a focus on FLASH irradiation delivery modalities, underlying mechanism of FLASH effect, in vivo and vitro experiments, and simulation studies. Existing challenges and prospects of this novel technique are discussed in this manuscript.
Crystallinity Regulated Functional Separator Based on Bimetallic NixFey Alloy Nanoparticles for Facilitated Redox Kinetics of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Qing , Han Xiaotong , Zheng Zhiyong , Xiong Peixun , Jeong Rag‐Gyo , Kim Gildong , Park Hyunyoung , Kim Jongsoon , Kim Bo‐Kyong , Park Ho Seok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is limited by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), large volume expansion, and sluggish conversion kinetics of sulfur. Herein, the crystallinity regulation of NixFey alloy anchored on oxidized carbon nanotube/nitrogen‐doped graphene (NixFey@OCNT/NG) for application of a functional separator into LSBs is demonstrated. A low crystalline NixFey@OCNT/NG (LC‐NixFey@OCNT/NG) modified polypropylene separator is systematically compared with its highly crystalline counterpart (HC‐NixFey@OCNT/NG), demonstrating superior LiPS absorbability, redox mediating capability into facilitated conversion kinetics, and uniform flux of Li+ into the anode. Furthermore, theoretical calculations confirm that the LC‐NixFey alloy features high adsorption energies and low diffusion energy barriers toward LiPSs, as well as a decreased energy gap and larger electron density near Fermi level. Accordingly, the LSB cells with LC‐NixFey@OCNT/NG modified separators deliver a high specific capacity of 1379.13 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a low decay ratio of 0.04%/cycle over 600 cycles at 5.0 C with a high capacity of 410 mA h g−1. Even under high sulfur loading (5.37 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (E/S = 4.9 µL mg−1) conditions, the LSB cells with LC‐NixFey@OCNT/NG/PP deliver a high areal capacity of 4.1 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C.
Physical and Soluble Cues Enhance Tendon Progenitor Cell Invasion into Injectable Synthetic Hydrogels
Authors: Kent Robert N. , Said Mohamed , Busch Megan E. , Poupard Ethan R. , Tsai Ariane , Xia Jingyi , Matera Daniel L. , Wang William Y. , DePalma Samuel J. , Hiraki Harrison L. , Killian Megan L. , Abraham Adam C. , Shin Jae‐Won , Huang Alice H. , Shikanov Ariella , Baker Brendon M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSynthetic hydrogels represent an exciting avenue in the field of regenerative biomaterials given their injectability, orthogonally tunable mechanical properties, and potential for modular inclusion of cellular cues. Separately, recent advances in soluble factor release technology have facilitated control over the soluble milieu in cell microenvironments via tunable microparticles. A composite hydrogel incorporating both of these components can robustly mediate tendon healing following a single injection. Here, a synthetic hydrogel system with encapsulated electrospun fiber segments and a novel microgel‐based soluble factor delivery system achieves precise control over topographical and soluble features of an engineered microenvironment, respectively. It is demonstrated that three‐dimensional migration of tendon progenitor cells can be enhanced via combined mechanical, topographical, and microparticle‐delivered soluble cues in both a tendon progenitor cell spheroid model and an ex vivo murine Achilles tendon model. These results indicate that fiber reinforced hydrogels can drive the recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells relevant to the regeneration of tendon and, likely, a broad range of connective tissues.
Information‐Storage Expansion Enabled by a Resilient Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission‐Active Nanocomposite Hydrogel
Authors: Su Gongmeiyue , Li Zhao , Gong Junyi , Zhang Ruoyao , Dai Rongji , Deng Yulin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvanced materials with high performance and distinctive function are one of the main driving forces for the development of human society. The selection of appropriate materials and adequately utilizing their features to apply them in a specific area rationally are of great significance but remain challenging. Herein, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel is developed by introducing a pH‐responsive AIE luminogen (AIEgen) into a Laponite XLS/polyacrylamide‐based NC hydrogel (Laponite is a trademark of the company BYK Additives Ltd.). The AIEgen can protonate to interact with the negatively charged clay through the electrostatic interaction, which results in a drastic fluorescence enhancement due to the restriction of intramolecular motion by the rigid clay to the protonated AIEgen. This behavior facilitates the input of fluorescent information with a high contrast ratio in the hydrogel by acid stimulation. Moreover, by utilizing the excellent resilience of the hydrogel, hierarchically inputting and displaying the information in the original and stretched states of the hydrogel film is realized, which achieves information‐storage expansion and dual‐encryption via switching between stretching and restoring the film. This work showcases fully and synergistically utilizing the superiorities of various advanced materials to achieve superior applications and should guide the future development of advanced materials in emerging areas.
Large Oncosome‐Loaded VAPA Promotes Bone‐Tropic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Formation of Osteoclastic Pre‐Metastatic Niche
Authors: Zhang Shuxia , Liao Xinyi , Chen Suwen , Qian Wanying , Li Man , Xu Yingru , Yang Meisongzhu , Li Xincheng , Mo Shuang , Tang Miaoling , Wu Xingui , Hu Yameng , Li Ziwen , Yu Ruyuan , Abudourousuli Ainiwaerjiang , Song Libing , Li Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as critical mediators in selective modulation of the microenvironment of distant organs to generate a pre‐metastatic niche that facilitates organotropic metastasis. Identifying the organ‐specific molecular determinants of EVs can develop potential anti‐metastatic therapeutic targets. In the current study, large oncosomes (LOs), atypically large cancer‐derived EVs, are found to play a crucial role in facilitating bone‐tropic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by engineering an osteoclastic pre‐metastatic niche and establishing a vicious cycle between the osteoclasts and HCC cells. Transmembrane protein, VAMP‐associated protein A (VAPA), is significantly enriched on LOs surface via direct interaction with LOs marker αV‐integrin. VAPA‐enriched LOs‐induced pre‐metastatic education transforms the bone into a fertile milieu, which supports the growth of metastatic HCC cells. Mechanically, LOs‐delivered VAPA integrates to plasma membrane of osteoclasts and directly interacts with and activates neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N‐WASP) via dual mechanisms, consequently resulting in ARP2/3 complex‐mediated reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, treatment with N‐WASP inhibitor 187‐1‐packaged LOs (LOs/187‐1) dramatically abolishes the inductive effect of VAPA‐enriched LOs on pre‐metastatic niche formation and precludes HCC bone metastasis. These findings reveal a plausible mechanism for bone‐tropism of HCC and can represent a potential strategy to prevent HCC bone metastasis.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazoles by pH Dependent Isomerization of Enaminodiones
Authors: Lei Jie , Ding Yong , Tang Dian‐Yong , Li Hong‐yu , Xu Zhi‐Gang , Chen Zhong‐Zhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA chromone‐based Michael reaction using water as solvent and nucleophile was firstly developed to derivatize chromone via a multicomponent reaction (MCR) cascade sequence in absence of metal catalyst. A series of versatile enaminodiones was synthesized and further successfully transferred into two different pyrazoles with the same starting material under facile and mild condition by a pH control of the preferred isomer.
Electrochemical C−H Oxidation/Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Sequences of 2‐Alkyl Phenols: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes
Authors: Kim Kyeong Seop , Kim Dae Young 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochemical C−H oxidation/conjugate addition/cyclization sequences of 2‐alkyl phenols with malononitrile are described. This transformation is an environmentally friendly approach by successfully avoiding the use of stoichiometric amounts of external redox reagents. Various 2‐amino‐4H‐chromene derivatives are afforded in moderate to high yields through a one‐pot process from 2‐benzyl or 2‐cinnamyl phenol derivatives under mild reaction conditions.
Simple Strategy for Benzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione Synthesis via Tandem Sonogashira Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Yokoya Masashi , Ishiguro Takaaki , Sakairi Yoshiaki , Kimura Shinya , Morita Yuji , Yamanaka Masamichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBenzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione derivatives are known to have important biological and pharmacological properties. Thus, a novel and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of benzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione derivatives via the tandem reaction of 5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione and terminal alkynes, which proceeds under the typical reaction conditions for Sonogashira coupling using Pd and Cu catalysts. The process likely occurs via a tandem reaction due to the synthesized Sonogashira coupling product undergoing intramolecular cyclization in the presence of a Cu catalyst. This method is superior to existing synthesis methods in that it can access benzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione compounds without the post‐oxidation of benzo[de]chromenes. Furthermore, it enables the direct supply of several biologically active compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the synthesized compounds against multidrug efflux pump‐deficient strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa and their parent strains were determined. Certain synthesized compounds exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, indicating that they are substrates for multidrug efflux pumps.
Female rural–urban migrants and online marketplaces in emerging economies: Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Do Manh Hung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to examine the factors affecting the participation of female rural–urban migrants in online marketplaces, and the welfare gains and their distribution. Our analysis was based on a unique dataset of rural households, villages, and rural–urban migrants in Thailand and Vietnam. Online market participation is classified into three activities: financial transactions, trading, and business. We accounted for the endogeneity issue of online market participation in the assessment of welfare impact by using an instrumental variable approach. Our results show that participation has a positive effect on the consumption of female migrants only when they participate in the complete bundle of online market activities. In addition, we find that the poor benefit insignificantly from online marketplaces. This raises a concern about increasing welfare inequality and suggests the poor should be supported so they are not left behind.
Controllability analysis of nonlinear switched singular system on time scales
Authors: Kumar Bhim , Malik Muslim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we establish the controllability results for a nonlinear singular switched system on arbitrary time scales. We used the mathematical induction to evaluate the solution of the nonlinear slow switched subsystem and nonlinear fast switched subsystem. Also, we study the necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of the nonlinear singular switched system followed by the controllability of both the nonlinear switched subsystems. The tools for study include Banach fixed point theorem and pseudo‐inverse of matrices. At last, we illustrate an example to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Effects of childhood trauma on nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescent patients with bipolar II depression
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Hu Zhizhong , Hu Maorong , Lu Zihang , Yu Huijuan , Yuan Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the effect of childhood trauma on nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in adolescents with bipolar II (BD II) depression.MethodsBased on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM‐5 and structured interviews to assess the presence or absence of NSSI, 184 adolescent patients with BD II depression were divided into the NSSI (n = 112) and non‐NSSI (n = 72) groups. The Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‑Short Form (CTQ‐SF), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the subjects.ResultThe CTQ‐SF, HAMD, HAMA, and TAS‐20 scores were significantly higher in the NSSI group than in the non‐NSSI group (p < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed emotional abuse (p = .028, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.28) and age of onset (p = .009) as risk factors for NSSI. Adolescents with onset age 12–13 years (OR = 6.30, 95% CI = 1.72–23.10) and 14–15 years (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.04–4.84) had a higher risk of self‐injury relative to adolescents aged 16–18 years.ConclusionChildhood trauma and alexithymia were important influencing factors in adolescent patients with BD II depression. Emotional abuse and age of onset as risk factors for NSSI, and difficulties in emotion recognition were positively associated with the patients’ NSSI.
Acetate accumulation and regulation by process parameters control in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture
Authors: Zhou Yikang , Han Hang , Zhang Lijuan , Huang He , Sun Ruiqiang , Zhou Hang , Zhou Weichang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represent a group of predominantly used mammalian hosts for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins. Known for their rapid proliferation rates, CHO cells undergo aerobic glycolysis that is characterized by fast glucose consumption, that ultimately gives rise to a group of small‐molecule organic acids. However, only the function of lactate has been extensively studied in CHO cell culture. In this study, we observed the accumulation of acetate from the late exponential phase to harvest day, potentially contributing to the pH decline in late culture stage regardless of lactate consumption. In addition, we evaluated the acidification of the fresh media and the cell culture suspension, and the data revealed that acetate presented a lower acidification capacity compared to lactate and exhibited limited inhibitory effect on cells with less than 20 mM supplemented in the media. This study also explored the ways to control acetate accumulation in CHO cell culture by manipulating the process parameters such as temperature, glucose, and pH control. The positive correlation between the specific glucose consumption rate and acetate generation rate provides evidence of the endogenous acetate generation from overflow metabolism. Reducing these parameters (temperature, glucose consumption) and HCl‐controlled low pH ultimately suppress acetate build‐up. In addition, the specific acetate generation rate and relevant glucose consumption rate are found to be a metabolic trait associated with specific cell lines. Taken together, the results presented in these experiments provide a means to advance industrial CHO cell culture process control and development.