bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxy resin/hollow glass microspheres composite materials with low dielectric constant and excellent mechanical performance
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Man , Chen Yu , He Jiacheng , Wang Xuelin , Xie Jian , Li Ziwei , Chen Zhimin , Fu Yuheng , Xiong Chuanxi , Wang Shan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe materials with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss are vital for high integration degree of the circuit board. Although many polymers like epoxy resin exhibit excellent comprehensive performance, their dielectric constant is unable to satisfy high electronic packaging application. In this work, we present a simple grafting strategy via reaction between the hollow glass microsphere and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane followed by blending epoxy resin to fabricate epoxy resin hollow glass microspheres composite materials. The superior heat resistance of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) can improve the thermal performance of composites. Due to the addition of Ge‐POSS, P‐HGM exhibited a good interfacial compatibility with epoxy resin matrix and forms an interfacial adhesion region. With the P‐HGM loading of 20 wt%, the fabricated composite materials exhibited the low dielectric constant of 2.59 and low dielectric loss of 0.0145. At the same time, the tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength were 42.15 MPa, 24.33 kJ/m2 and 90.82 MPa, respectively, which demonstrated that the epoxy resin hollow glass microspheres composite materials processed superb mechanical behavior. It suggests that this method is a promising potential for fabricating low dielectric composite materials.
Maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Finn Julia , Suhl Jonathan , Kancherla Vijaya , Conway Kristin M. , Oleson Jacob , Sidhu Alpa , Nestoridi Eirini , Fisher Sarah C. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Yang Wei , Romitti Paul A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when abnormal diaphragm development allows herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Its etiopathogenesis is not well understood, but cigarette smoking and alcohol exposure may impact diaphragm development. Using data from a large, population‐based case–control study, we examined associations between maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and CDH in offspring.MethodsWe analyzed maternal interview reports of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during early pregnancy for 831 children with CDH and 11,416 children without birth defects with estimated dates of delivery during 1997–2011. Generalized linear mixed effects models with a random intercept for study site were used to estimate associations between measures of exposure to smoking (any, type, frequency, duration) and alcohol (any, quantity, frequency, variability, type) for all CDH combined and selected subtypes (Bochdalek and Morgagni).ResultsMothers of 280 (34.0%) case and 3,451 (30.3%) control children reported early pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoking. Adjusted odds ratios for all CDH were increased for any (1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.5), active (1.3, 1.0–1.7), and passive (1.4, 1.1–1.7) smoking. Early pregnancy alcohol consumption was reported by mothers of 286 (34.9%) case and 4,200 (37.0%) control children; odds were near the null for any consumption (0.9, 0.8–1.1) and consumption with (0.9, 0.7, 1.1) or without (0.9, 0.8, 1.1) binging. Estimates for smoking and alcohol tended to be higher for Bochdalek CDH and Morgagni CDH than those for all CDH.ConclusionsFindings suggest that maternal early pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoking, but less so to alcohol consumption, contributes to CDH. These findings need to be replicated in additional large studies that use systematic case ascertainment and classification, detailed exposure assessment, and examine subtype‐specific associations.
Unraveling docking and initiation of mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex
Authors: Tingey Mark , Yang Weidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nuclear export of mRNA through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a process required for the healthy functioning of human cells, making it a critical area of research. However, the geometries of mRNA and the NPC are well below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, thereby presenting significant challenges in evaluating the discrete interactions and dynamics involved in mRNA nuclear export through the native NPC. Recent advances in biotechnology and single‐molecule super‐resolution light microscopy have enabled researchers to gain granular insight into the specific contributions made by discrete nucleoporins in the nuclear basket of the NPC to the export of mRNA. Specifically, by expanding upon the docking step facilitated by the protein TPR in the nuclear basket as well as identifying NUP153 as being the primary nuclear basket protein initiating export through the central channel of the NPC.
Early versus late discharge after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and readmissions for permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Elzanaty Ahmed M. , Maraey Ahmed , Elbadawi Ayman , Khalil Mahmoud , Hashim Ahmed , Vyas Rohit , Moustafa Abdelmoneim , Ramanthan Periakaruppan Kasi , Mentias Amgad , Abbott J. Dawn , Aronow Herbert D. , Kapadia Samir , Saad Marwan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the rate of readmission for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation with early versus late discharge after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThere is a current trend toward early discharge after TAVR. However, paucity of data exists on the impact of such practice on readmissions for PPM implantation.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmission Database 2016–2018 was queried for all hospitalizations where patients underwent TAVR. Hospitalizations were stratified into early (Days 0 and 1) versus late (≥Day 2) discharge groups. Observations in which PPM was required in the index admission were excluded. Multivariable regression analyses involving patient‐ and hospital‐related variables were utilized. The primary outcome was 90‐day readmission for PPM implantation.ResultsThe final analysis included 68,482 TAVR hospitalizations, 20,261 (29.6%) with early versus 48,221 (70.4%) with late discharge. Early discharge after TAVR increased over the study period (16.2% in 2016 vs. 37.9% in 2018, Ptrend < 0.01). Nevertheless, 90‐day readmission for PPM implantation remained stable (1.8% in 2016 vs. 2.0% in 2018, Ptrend = 0.32). The 90‐day readmission rate for PPM implantation (2.0% vs. 1.8%; adjusted odds ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.95–1.39; p = 0.15) and median time‐to‐readmission (5 days [interquartile range, IQR 3–9] vs. 5 days [IQR 3–14], p = 0.92) were similar with early versus late discharge. Similar rates were observed regardless of whether readmission was elective versus not. Early discharge was associated with lower hospitalization cost ($39,990 ± $13,681 vs. $46,750 ± $18,218, p < 0.01) compared with late discharge.ConclusionIn patients who did not require PPM during the index TAVR hospitalization, the rate of readmission for PPM implantation was similar with early versus late discharge.
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale for treatment of hypoxemia: A case series and physiology review
Authors: Robl Jared , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Horwitz Phillip , Panaich Sidakpal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntracardiac right‐to‐left shunt (RTLS) mediated hypoxemia is a rare complication of patent foramen ovale (PFO). The process may be potentiated by reversal of the usual trans‐atrial pressure gradient, or from alteration of intracardiac geometry such that venous flow is preferentially directed toward the PFO. We describe a series of four patients who presented with hypoxemia, detailing the diagnostic evaluation which led to the ascertainment of intracardiac RTLS across PFO as the culprit pathology. All underwent successful percutaneous closure with rapid resolution of hypoxemia. Particular attention is given to the underlying anatomic and physiologic derangements facilitating the intracardiac RTLS.
Development of transient trapping micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for steroids analysis
Authors: Manmana Yanawut , Liu Chenchen , Koino Hiroshi , Sueyoshi Kenji , Kitagawa Fumihiko , Kubo Takuya , Otsuka Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn on‐line sample preconcentration technique based on transient trapping (tr‐trapping) in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was applied for steroid detection with UV (tr‐trapping‐UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (tr‐trapping‐ESI‐MS). ESI‐MS was used to improve the sensitivity in MEKC. The MEKC separation was carried out using volatile ammonium formate as a background solution to facilitate the coupling with ESI‐MS. The partial introduction of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution before the introduction of a sample solution to the capillary provided the effective preconcentration of analytes. At the same time, the SDS micelle would not enter the ESI‐MS system, so its interference in ESI‐MS detection was suppressed under the optimal condition, then five steroids can be separated by the developed method. In tr‐trapping‐ESI‐MS, an acidic condition of pH 3.5 was employed to suppress the electroosmotic flow, which can avoid micellar solution migrating to the MS instrument. The developed method showed that the micellar solution requires a twofold slower time than the sample to migrate along the column, which can prohibit the cause of the problem with the MS instrument and interference signal of SDS in the steroid's detection. The tr‐trapping‐ESI‐MS protocol showed up to 540‐fold enhancements of the peak intensity and 50‐fold improvement of the limit of detection compared with capillary zone electrophoresis using androsterone as a model sample.
Fe‐Incorporated Ni3S4/NiS2Nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Tudu Gouri , Ghosh Sourav , Inta Harish Reddy , Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Ganguli Sagar , Mahato Ashok Kumar , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report the development of iron‐incorporated nickel sulfide (Fe−Ni3S4/NiS2) nanocomposite through sulfurization of iron incorporated nickel hydroxide precursor by using simple solvothermal method. The formation of Ni3S4/NiS2mixed‐phase material was confirmed by PXRD analysis and the presence of multiple oxidation states of Ni (II and III) and incorporated Fe (III) was revealed by XPS studies. The electrochemical studies demonstrated that Fe−Ni3S4/NiS2electrocatalyst has a high catalytic activity towards alkaline OER, as it requires only 280 mV overpotential to achieve the benchmark current density of 10 mA/cm2geo. The superiority of the catalyst was exhibited by low charge transfer resistance of about 6 Ohms, along with low Tafel slope of 43 mV dec−1. Further, the observed long‐term stability for 72 h and remarkable Faradaic efficiency with 99% indicate good durability and excellent selectivity towards OER, respectively. The superior activity of Fe−Ni3S4/NiS2is attributed to fast kinetics and low charge transfer resistance of the material facilitating the generation of active catalyst.
Mannich Reaction: An Alternative Synthetic Approach for Various Pyrrole‐Based Anion Receptors and Chelating Ligands
Authors: Guchhait Tapas , Roy Satabdi , Jena Priyadarshini 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis review article highlights the synthetic design of various pyrrole‐based acyclic, tripodal, macrocyclic, and macrobicyclic Mannich bases and their applications, mainly as anion receptors. By varying the amine‐types and molar proportions of reagents, a range of value‐added Mannich bases are obtained. Herein, the synthesis and properties of several azacalixpyrroles, azacalixdipyrrolylmethanes, and azacryptands are discussed. Emphasis is also given to the applications of pyrrole‐based Mannich bases in the construction of some chelating ligands as one of the steps in multistep organic syntheses. In addition, the use of Mannich products as ligands for synthesizing metal complexes is also described. More importantly, the establishment of Mannich reactions as an alternative approach for traditionally used Schiff's base or aldehyde/ketone‐condensation reactions is delineated.
Synthesis of Diazo Compounds by Using NaN3 and Inexpensive SO2F2
Authors: Ye Cuijiao , Yan Zhaohua , Chen Guanghui , Xie Hongyan , Zhang Minxiang , Lin Sen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA concise and efficient method was developed in which sodium azide (NaN3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) were directly employed to synthesize diazo compounds with active methylene compounds. A variety of diazo compounds were produced in good to excellent yields. This protocol avoids the use of organosulfonyl azides, and features atom economy and mild reaction conditions. An alternate method for the synthesis of diazo compounds was provided.
Discovery of KOH/BrCH2SO2F as Water‐Removable System for Clean, Mild and Robust Synthesis of Amides and Peptides
Authors: Wu Qi‐Xin , Shu Tao , Fang Wan‐Yin , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein we described an efficient, practical, and robust protocol for amides and peptides synthesis from carboxylic acids and amines using the combination of bromomethanesulfonyl fluoride (BMSF) with inorganic base KOH as a water‐removable system. This method is featured with broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, high yields, operational simplicity, and easy purification, which will exert great potential in amide and peptide synthesis.
Exploratory evaluation of tolerability, performance, and cosmetic acceptance of dexpanthenol‐containing dermo‐cosmetic wash and sun‐care products for tattoo aftercare
Authors: Schmid Daphné A. , Domingues Marisa P. , Nanu Alina , Kluger Nicolas , de Salvo Raffaella , Trapp Sonja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTattoo prevalence has significantly increased over the last decades. Proper tattoo aftercare, such as cleansing, moisturizing, and protection against sunlight, is essential to prevent complications and to keep the beauty of the tattoo. The tolerability, performance, and cosmetic acceptability of two dexpanthenol‐containing dermo‐cosmetic products, a wash and a sun‐care, were investigated on tattooed skin in two separate trials.MethodsTwo single‐center, exploratory, open‐label cosmetic studies were conducted between August and November 2020 to evaluate the dexpanthenol‐containing dermo‐cosmetic products. In the first study, healthy adults applied the 2.5% dexpanthenol‐containing wash right after their tattoo session daily for 14 consecutive days. In the second study, healthy adults applied the 2.5% dexpanthenol‐containing sun‐care sun protection factor 50+ cream on existing tattoos that were daily exposed to sunlight for 28 consecutive days. Clinical examination by a dermatologist and self‐assessment through subject questionnaires were used to assess the tolerability, acceptance, ease of use, and cosmetic outcomes of both products. Additionally, transepidermal water loss and moisturization assessments were performed to evaluate skin hydration after use of the sun‐care product.ResultsBoth study products were well tolerated, and no product related adverse events were reported during the studies. At least 90% of the study participants appreciated the performance of the dexpanthenol‐containing wash and sun‐care product, including moisturizing properties, relief of unpleasant sensations, and preservation of the cosmetic appearance of the tattoo. For the sun‐care, it was shown that its application supported maintaining the skin barrier of tattooed skin, while keeping it hydrated.ConclusionThe 2.5% dexpanthenol‐containing wash and sun‐care products are well tolerated and appreciated by tattooed subjects. Hence, they represent valid options for tattoo aftercare in line with current recommendations and practice.
Oxidized sodium alginate crosslinked silk fibroin composite scaffold for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Guo Yajin , Wang Xinyu , Li Binbin , Shen Ying , Shen Linyi , Wu Jiaxin , Yang Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEngineering skin substitutes represent a prospective source of advanced therapy in repairing severe traumatic wounds. Sodium alginate (SA) and silk fibroin (SF) are natural biomaterials, which are widely used in tissue engineering and other fields because of their low price, high safety, and good biocompatibility. However, SA itself degrades slowly, its degradation mode is difficult to control, and the degradation products are difficult to remove from the body because of its high molecular weight. Therefore, the composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze‐drying composite technology by using the Schiff base reaction between biocompatible SF and permeable oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). Sodium periodate was used as oxidant to modify SA. The results showed that higher oxidation degree of OSA could be obtained by increasing the proportion of oxidant, and the relative molecular weight of the oxidized products could also be reduced. The composite scaffolds were prepared by using sodium tetraborate as a crosslinking accelerator of the Schiff base reaction between OSA and SF. FT‐IR confirmed that the Schiff base group appeared in the material. In vitro biodegradation experiments showed that the biodegradation of the composite scaffolds was controllable, and the cytocompatibility experiment showed that the composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility.
Comparative analysis of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification combined with microfluidic chip technology and q‐PCR in the detection of clinical infectious pathogens
Authors: Zhang Enqi , Ou Hongling , Jia Lianling , Zhang Wang , Wang Yemei , Wang Xinru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRapid diagnosis of infectious pathogens at an early stage is crucial to stabilize the patient's condition, reduce medical costs, and shorten hospital stays. Currently, some point‐of‐care tests have their own shortcomings. Therefore, we built a microfluidic chip based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification to can quickly and sensitively detect infectious pathogens.MethodsWe extracted the DNA of S. aureus, MRSA, Shigella and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Then, the DNA samples were diluted by 10‐fold and examined by two methods: LAMP‐microfluidic chip and q‐PCR, the sensitivity of whom was also compared. In addition, the specificity of the two was also examined by detecting the target bacteria and other microorganisms using the same methods. Finally, we extracted and tested the DNA of clinically infected humoral samples to determine the coincidence rate between the two methods and the bacterial culture method.ResultsFor S. aureus, MRSA, Shigella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the detection limits of the chip were 2.25 × 103 copies/μl, 5.32 × 103 copies/μl, 2.89 × 103 copies/μl, 6.53 × 102 copies/μl, and the detection limits of q‐PCR were 2.25 × 102 copies/μl, 5.32 × 101 copies/μl, 2.89 × 102 copies/μl, 6.53 × 101 copies/μl, respectively. In terms of detection specificity, neither method cross‐reacted with other strains. For the detection of infectious humoral samples, the total coincidence rate between the q‐PCR and bacterial culture method was 85.7%, 95%, 95%, and 95.5%, and the total coincidence rate between the chip and bacterial culture method was 81%, 95%, 90%, and 86.4%, respectively.ConclusionLAMP‐microfluidic chip provides a simple, sensitive, specific, convenient, and rapid pathogen detection method for clinically infected humoral samples without relying on expensive equipment or technical personnels.
Potential of circulating lncRNA CASC2 as a biomarker in reflecting the inflammatory cytokines, multi‐organ dysfunction, disease severity, and mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhao Jinglin , Wei Qi , Wang Hao , Zhao Chao , Hu Caihong , Han Yu , Hui Zhi , Yang Long , Dai Qingchun , Liu Cuicui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate gene 2 (CASC2) inhibits inflammation and multi‐organ dysfunction in various ways. The present study was intended to explore the potency of blood lncRNA CASC2 as a biomarker for sepsis management.MethodsTotally, 184 sepsis patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lncRNA CASC2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the subjects. Mortality during 28 days was recorded in sepsis patients.ResultsLncRNA CASC2 was decreased in sepsis patients [median (interquartile range [IQR]): 0.473 (0.241–0.773)] by comparison to healthy controls [median (IQR): 1.019 (0.676–1.685)] (p < 0.001). In sepsis patients, lncRNA CASC2 was negatively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (p = 0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001), SOFA‐respiratory system (p = 0.010), SOFA‐coagulation (p = 0.020), SOFA‐liver (p = 0.019), and SOFA‐renal (p = 0.010) scores, but was not related to SOFA‐nervous (p = 0.466) and SOFA‐cardio vascular system (p = 0.059) scores. Additionally, lncRNA CASC2 was negatively related to tumor necrosis factor‐α (p = 0.024), interleukin (IL)‐1β (p = 0.013), and IL‐17A (p = 0.002), but was not linked to IL‐6 (p = 0.112) or IL‐10 (p = 0.074). Furthermore, lncRNA CASC2 was lower in sepsis deaths [median (IQR): 0.286 (0.166–0.475)] than in survivors [median (IQR): 0.534 (0.296–0.811)] (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve analysis also observed that lncRNA CASC2 was inversely related to accumulating mortality in sepsis patients (p = 0.003). While lncRNA CASC2 could independently predict lower mortality risk.ConclusionCirculating lncRNA CASC2 inadequacy indicates the release of inflammatory cytokines, severe multi‐organ injuries, and increased mortality in sepsis patients.
Motivation to compete: Understanding and overcoming the demotivating effect of competing with more people
Authors: Yang Haiyang , Chattopadhyay Amitava 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompetitions are widely used by businesses and nonprofit organizations to enhance customer engagement and foster interactions among consumers. But how can consumers be effectively motivated to participate in competitions that are large (vs. small) in size? Five studies involving a variety of competitive contexts show that, holding the objective likelihood of winning and competition prize constant, consumers tend to perceive a lower likelihood of winning and a smaller prize magnitude when the competition is larger in size. These differences in perceived likelihood of winning and perceived magnitude of competition prize can jointly impact consumers' participation in competitive situations (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2). Moreover, presenting information that enhances perceptions of winning likelihoods (Study 3) or prize magnitudes (Study 4) can remedy the negative impact of a larger competition size on participation levels. The studies also show that the underlying roles of perceived likelihood of winning and perceived prize magnitude are distinct from the role of social comparison. Overall, these findings add to consumer psychology theories and offer actionable managerial insights.