bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving new and old phosphorus source contributions to subsurface tile drainage with weighted regressions on discharge and season
Authors: Osterholz William , Shedekar Vinayak , Simpson Zachary , King Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgricultural losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) emanate from both historic P applications (i.e., “old P”) and recently applied fertilizer (i.e., “new P”). Understanding the relative contributions of these sources is important for mitigating DRP losses from agriculture. This study provides a proof‐of‐concept for resolving new P vs. old P source contributions to DRP losses in subsurface tile drainage using edge‐of‐field water quality data and management records from eight fields in Ohio. Weighted regressions on discharge and season (WRDS) were fitted using data from periods without P fertilizer applications and then used to predict DRP losses in tile drainage during new P loss risk periods (default length, 90 d) after fertilizer applications. Differences between observed and predicted DRP concentrations during the new P loss risk period were attributed to the new P source. Remaining losses were attributed to the old soil P source. The WRDS model performance was modest (modified Kling–Gupta efficiency ranged from −0.074 to 0.484). New P sources contributed between 0 and 17% of overall DRP losses (average, 7%), with old soil P contributing 83–100%. Individual P fertilizer applications were associated with new DRP losses up to 192 g P ha−1. Increasing the length of the risk period for new P losses up to 180 d after fertilizer application marginally increased the estimated contribution of the new P source. The WRDS‐based analysis provides a novel approach for resolving the contributions of new and old sources to edge‐of‐field DRP losses.
Characteristics of extreme daily precipitation events over the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Serreze Mark C. , Voveris Jessica , Barrett Andrew P. , Fox Shari , Blanken Peter D. , Crawford Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven growing interest in extreme high‐latitude weather events, we use records from nine meteorological stations and atmospheric reanalysis data to examine extreme daily precipitation events (leading, 99th and 95th percentile) over Arctic Canada. Leading events span 90 mm at Cape Dyer, along the southeast coast of Baffin Island, to 26 mm at Sachs Harbour, on the southwest coast of Banks Island. The 95th percentiles range from 20 to 30% of leading event sizes. Extreme events are most common on or near the month of climatological peak precipitation. Contrasting with Eurasian continental sites having a July precipitation peak corresponding to the seasonal peak in precipitable water, seasonal cycles in precipitation and the frequency of extremes over Arctic Canada are more varied, reflecting marine influences. At Cape Dyer and Clyde River, mean precipitation and the frequency of extremes peak in October when the atmosphere is quickly cooling, promoting strong evaporation from Baffin Bay. At all stations, leading events involved snowfall and strong winds and were associated with cyclone passages (mostly of relatively strong storms). They also involved strong vapour fluxes, sometimes associated with atmospheric rivers or their remnants. The most unusual sequence of events identified here occurred at Clyde River, where the three largest recorded precipitation events occurred in April of 1977. Obtaining first‐hand accounts of this series of events has proven elusive. Identified links between extreme events and atmospheric rivers demonstrates the need to better understand how the characteristics of such features will change in the future.
The Course and Neonatal Outcome of Choroid Plexus Extension to the Anterior Horn at the Routine Anatomy Scan
Authors: Anabusi Saja , Mei‐Dan Elad , Stratulat Vasilica , Laxman Preeya , Nevo Ori 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesOur objective was to examine the pregnancy course and immediate neonatal outcome of fetuses with an isolated extension of choroid plexus (CP) to the anterior horn during the second trimester.MethodsWe prospectively collected the cases referred to us between July 2012 and January 2021 with isolated finding of CP extension to the anterior horn. Relevant clinical and demographic information was recorded, and a full anatomy scan including a comprehensive neurosonogram was performed. In cases of confirmed isolated extension of CP to the anterior horns, women were offered further investigation including fetal MRI, and ultrasound follow up.ResultsWe collected 29 eligible cases for analysis. The mean gestational age (GA ± SD) for diagnosis and referral was 19.24 ± 2.3 weeks. No other intracranial anomalies were detected in any of the cases, and the finding resolved at 25 ± 2.6 weeks. The average extension length and width to the anterior horn were 0.7 ± 0.3 cm, and 0.5 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. Eleven fetuses (38%) had choroid plexus cyst (CPC) in addition to the extension. Ten patients (35%) completed a fetal brain MRI, with no identified abnormalities. Gross neurological exam and Apgar score at birth were normal.ConclusionExtension of CP to anterior horn with or without CPC at mid‐trimester seems to have spontaneous resolution with likely a good prognosis and no further implications.
The Necessity of Nostril Retention Application After Secondary Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Wu Min , Chen Jiali , Yin Jiayi , Sakran Karim A. , Wang Yan , Zeng Ni , Yang Chao , Shi Bing , Huang Hanyao 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the necessity of nostril retention after secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty.MethodsSeventy four patients who underwent secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty were categorized into control group, nasal retainer group, and nasal clip group. A nasal retainer or nasal clip was applied 7 days after secondary correction and retained in the nostrils of the patients for 6 to 12 months. Measurements from pre‐ and post‐operative photos and patient‐reported outcomes were used in this study.ResultsAfter 6 to 12 months, although relapse still occurred in three groups, the nasal retainer group showed a better effect in the ratio of nostril height, whereas the nasal clip group showed a significant improvement in the ratio of nasal base. And both the two groups also showed significant improvement in the ratio of nasal columella. Patients from the control group generally had lower Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS) scores than the nasal retainer group and nasal clip group. Wearing a nasal retainer may negatively influence self‐concept, facial self‐consciousness of appearance and physical state, and significant differences in mean scores were also found in 9 items.ConclusionsThe nostril retention after secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty could help preserve nasal morphology and reduce postoperative relapse but worsen the patients' quality of life. The necessity of applying the nostril retention should consider the forms of nasal deformity and the potential influence on the quality of life.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1618–1623, 2023
Impact of topsoil mining for unfired mudbricks on soil quality in eastern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Leshalagae Mojapelo , Buthelezi‐Dube Nkosinomusa Nomfundo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopsoil mining associated with informal mud brick making is common in rural villages of South Africa. The impact of topsoil mining on soil quality, however has not been investigated. This study therefore assessed the impact of topsoil mining associated with unfired mud bricks on selected soil quality indicators in two villages of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. First, local miners were interviewed to ascertain information related to topsoil mining, brickfield site identification and soil suitability for mud bricks. Two brickfields per village mined for ≤5 and > 20 years, respectively were used in this study. Experiment consisted of three treatments, that is, unmined, mined and recovering lands replicated three times. Nine soil samples were collected (0–10 cm) from each site (three composite samples per treatment) with corresponding bulk density samples taken at 0–5 cm using core rings. The average topsoil mining depth was 30 cm. Interviews revealed that isidaka (poorly drained sandy clay) and isibomvu (red soil) are preferred over ubumba (clayey) soils. Topsoil mining increased silt fraction across all studied brickfields with an average of 45.2% in mined compared with 30.6% in unmined treatments. The response of clay fractions was variable across villages and mining time. Mining significantly decreased mean weight diameter, exchangeable bases, organic carbon, and nitrogen content and stocks and porosity while it increased bulk density. Results show that topsoil mining for mud brick making results in poor soil physical quality, nutrient availability and carbon storage with implications for land degradation in mud brickfields.
Olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts through Nrf2 pathway activation
Authors: C. de S. Ribeiro Bianca , V. de C. Faria Regina , de S. Nogueira Jeane , Santos Valença Samuel , Chen Lin , Romana‐Souza Bruna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOlive oil has beneficial effects on skin wound healing due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the mechanism by which olive oil promotes wound healing is unclear. We evaluated the mechanisms involved in Nrf2 pathway activation by olive oil and its role in cell survival and migration in mouse dermal fibroblasts in a short‐term exposition. Our data demonstrated that olive oil and oleic acid promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while olive oil and hydroxytyrosol stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Olive oil‐mediated ROS production increased nuclear factor kappa B p65 expression, while olive oil‐stimulated reactive nitrogen species production augmented the levels of Nrf2. Olive oil augmented cell proliferation, cell migration, and AKT phosphorylation, but decreased apoptotic cell number and cleaved caspase‐3 levels. The effect of olive oil on cell migration and protein levels of AKT, BCL‐2, and Nrf2 were reversed by an Nrf2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts that are essential for the resolution of skin wound healing.
Wetting and Adhesion of a Polymer Melt on Porous Self‐Assembled Polymer Substrates by Breath Figure Templating
Authors: Giraudet Cédric , Escalé Pierre , Save Maud , Billon Laurent , Brown Ross , Derail Christophe , Rubatat Laurent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study addresses the wetting and adhesion of a low molecular mass poly(n‐butyl acrylate) homopolymer melt, used as a weak acrylic adhesive, on two types of textured polymer films prepared by the breath figure templating method. The first film is a polystyrene homopolymer honeycomb‐like structure with well‐defined porous structure and long‐range ordering. The second is a disordered poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐polystyrene diblock copolymer film featuring a broad distribution of pore diameters. Static contact angle measurements show that porous films repel better the polymer melt than the corresponding nontextured films. Contact angles and spreading of polymer melt droplets on these textured surfaces reveals a Cassie‐Baxter state on the ordered porous film and a partial Wenzel state on the disordered porous films. In addition, probe tack results show that the textured surfaces tend to induce cavitation. The correlation between the wetting and adhesion highlights the major role of melt insertion into the pores, which is primarily controlled by the pores’ dimensions.
3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Liang Yue , Bansode Archana , Lou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xinyu , Beckingham Bryan S. , Auad Maria L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIonic polymer–metal composites (IPMC)—constructed using an ionic polymer sandwiched between metal electrodes—have shown great potential for the fabrication of soft actuators. IPMC architectures have many advantages including low actuation voltage, fast response, basic control, and relatively light weight. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐based ion exchange membranes are of particular interest for IPMC devices due to their large ion exchange capacity and ease of preparation; however, they suffer from relatively weak mechanical strength. Here, PAA‐based soft actuators are synthesized with enhanced mechanical properties and proton conductivity through the incorporation of hydrogen bonding interactions with imidazolium groups via copolymerization with 1‐vinylimidazole. In addition to examining the impact of composition on physiochemical (swelling, glass transition, decomposition, Young's modulus, etc.) and electrochemical (specific capacitance) properties, an additive manufacturing process, digital light projection (DLP), is utilized to fabricate complex geometries demonstrating the potential for the fabrication of IPMC devices with complex actuation modalities. Planar DLP 3D‐printed IPMC actuators of varied polymer compositions are fabricated with activated carbon and copper electrodes, and their actuation performance is evaluated in air, where large bending deformation is observed (14°–37°).
“In Water” Fabricated and Recycled Covalent Adaptable Acylhydrazone Thermosets
Authors: Li Guanglong , Huang Jing , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Yang , Qiao Jinliang , Liu Tianxi , Du Mingliang , Dong Weifu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThermosetting resins play an increasingly important role in daily life due to their good mechanical properties. However, they can hardly be recycled and reused, leading to severe environmental pollution. A very promising solution to this dilemma is to develop sustainable thermosets from biomass that can be recycled and reprocessed on demand under environmentally friendly conditions. In this study, sustainable thermosets based on dynamic acylhydrazone bonds made from biomass acid derivatives is reported. The sustainability of the presented acylhydrazone biomass covalent adaptable networks (CANs) thermosetting resins is summarized as follows: 1) The raw materials are renewable resources; 2) the resins can be recycled to maintain their mechanical properties, which can considerably extend their service life; and 3) the material preparation and recycling can be conducted in the mixed solvent of water/ dimethyl sulfoxide (7/3), which excellent reduced the use of organic solvents. In addition, these acylhydrazone CANs thermosets have excellent mechanical performance and outstanding heat resistance. The acylhydrazone bonds in the thermoset networks can enhance the hydrophobicity and water resistance of the acylhydrazone CANs thermosets. Taken together, these acylhydrazone CANs thermosets which are fabricated and recycled in the mixed solvent provide a solution to developing sustainable materials.
Glycopolymer Decorated pH‐Dependent Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for the Detection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Bhattacharya Koushik , Kundu Moumita , Das Subhayan , Samanta Sarthik , Roy Sib Sankar , Mandal Mahitosh , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDevelopment of fluorescent imaging probes is an important topic of research for the early diagnosis of cancer. Based on the difference between the cellular environment of tumor cells and normal cells, several “smart” fluorescent probes have been developed. In this work, a glycopolymer functionalized Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based fluorescent sensor is developed, which can monitor the pH change in cellular system. One‐pot sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)polymerization technique is employed to synthesize fluorescent active triblock glycopolymer that can undergo FRET change on the variation of pH. A FRET pair, fluorescein o‐acrylate (FA) and 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin (AMC) is linked via a pH‐responsive polymer poly [2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDPAEMA), which can undergo reversible swelling/deswelling under acidic/neutral condition. The presence of glycopolymer segment provides stability, water solubility, and specificity toward cancer cells. The cellular FRET experiments on cancer cells (MDA MB 231) and normal cells (3T3 fibroblast cells) demonstrate that the material is capable of distinguishing cells as a function of pH change.
Average saturation efficiency filter ASEF‐CEST MRI of stroke rodents
Authors: Chung Julius Juhyun , Jin Tao 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF) is a novel method of improving the specificity of CEST; however, there is a mismatch between the magnetization transfer (MT) effect under high‐duty cycle and low‐duty cycle pulse trains. We explore measures of mitigation and the sensitivity and potential of ASEF imaging in phantoms and stroke rats.MethodsSimulation and nicotinamide phantoms in denatured protein were used to investigate the effect of different average saturation powers and MT pool parameters on matching coefficients used for correction as well as the ASEF ratio signal and baseline. Then, in vivo studies were performed in stroke rodents to further investigate the sensitivity and fidelity of ASEF ratio spectra.ResultsSimulation and studies of nicotinamide phantoms show that the matching coefficient needed to correct the baseline MT mismatch is strongly dependent on the average saturation power. In vivo studies in stroke rodents show that the matching coefficient required to correct the baseline MT mismatch is different for normal versus ischemic tissue. Thus, a baseline correction was performed to further suppress the residue MT mismatch. After correction of the mismatch, ASEF ratio achieved comparable contrast at 3.6 ppm between normal and ischemic tissue when compared to the apparent amide proton transfer (APT*) approach. Moreover, contrasts for 2.0 and 2.6 ppm were also ascertainable from the same spectra.ConclusionASEF can improve the CEST signal specificity of slow exchange labile protons such as amide and guanidyl, with small loss to sensitivity. It has strong potential in the CEST imaging of various diseases.
Long‐term impact of a behavioral weight management program on depression and anxiety symptoms: 5‐year follow‐up of the WRAP trial
Authors: Jones Rebecca A. , Mueller Julia , Sharp Stephen J. , Griffin Simon J. , Ahern Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveBehavioral weight management programs may support short‐term mental health; however, limited evidence reports the long‐term impacts. This study investigated the impact of behavioral weight management programs on depression and anxiety symptoms at 5 years from baseline.MethodsThe Weight loss Referrals for Adults in Primary care (WRAP) trial randomized 1267 adults with BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 to a brief intervention (BI) or commercial behavioral weight management program (WW; formerly Weight Watchers) for 12 or 52 weeks (CP12 and CP52, respectively). Linear regression was used to separately compare 5‐year changes in depression and anxiety symptoms (by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) between randomized groups, adjusting for baseline depression/anxiety symptoms, gender, and research center.ResultsA total of 643 (51%) participants attended the 5‐year study follow‐up visit. There was no evidence of a difference between the randomized groups for 5‐year changes in depression (BI: −0.08 ± 3.29; CP12: 0.02 ± 3.01; CP52: −0.09 ± 3.41) or anxiety (BI: 0.16 ± 3.50; CP12: −0.05 ± 3.55; CP52: −0.66 ± 3.59) symptoms.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that commercial weight management programs differed in 5‐year changes in depression and anxiety symptoms, compared with BI. These are average effects; some individuals experienced increases or decreases in symptoms. Future research should investigate who is at most risk of mental health declines and investigate how to support them. Future trials should transparently report long‐term mental health outcomes to strengthen understanding.
Exposure to nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and childhood cancer: A matched case–control study in Denmark, 1996–2016
Authors: Sirirungreung Anupong , Hansen Johnni , He Di , Huang Xiwen , Ritz Beate , Heck Julia E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNitrosatable drugs can be synthesized to N‐nitroso compounds in human stomach. In a pregnant woman, N‐nitroso compounds can be translocated to the fetus through the placenta. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable compounds during pregnancy has been associated with childhood brain tumors and leukemia. However, few studies have investigated an association between nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and childhood cancer. We examined if maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs received during pregnancy are associated with childhood cancer.MethodsA matched case‐control study was conducted using Danish nationwide registry data from 1995 to 2016. Each childhood cancer case was matched with twenty‐five controls. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy was identified from the Danish National Prescription Register. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (adj.OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each childhood cancer type.ResultsMaternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs positively associate with central nervous system tumors (adj.OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.04–1.51) and neuroblastoma (adj.OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.34–2.85) in offspring. We also observed a positive association between perinatal exposure of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (adj.OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.07–1.59), however, it appeared to be due to confounding by indication, i.e., maternal infections.ConclusionNitrosatable drug use during pregnancy potentially increased risk of central nervous system tumors and neuroblastoma. While a positive association between maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be interpreted cautiously because of confounding by indication.
The effect of different forms of iron substances on the aging properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber
Authors: Zhao Wenrong , Lu Ming , Wang Bin , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Shuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of iron‐containing substances with different forms on the properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber compound is discussed. The ionic iron substances (FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(SA)3) have a detrimental effect on the rubber. Based on the oxidation induction temperature values, the relative deteriorating effects of ionic iron substances on the rubber are in the order: Fe(SA)3 > FeCl3 ≈ FeCl2. Not only are the metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) with adjacent stable oxidation states catalytically active in degrading rubber, but also the counterions have an influence on the effect of oxidation, particularly the stearic anion. Ionic iron materials can decrease the molecular weight, especially for the case of Fe(SA)3 as measured by gel permeation chromatography. Due to the degrading effect on the rubber molecules, Fe(SA)3 brings about a torque decrease in moving die rheometer and evident decrease of the Mooney viscosity at 100°C, which is different from the effects of Fe2O3 and 304L‐Fe. The insoluble iron substances behave more like hard fillers. Additionally, Fe(SA)3 remarkably alters the bound rubber content and the tensile properties after aging via two different process (scission and crosslinking). Overall, this work has a thorough comparison of effect of iron‐containing materials on rubber aging and provides useful inspiration to protect the rubber from deterioration by foreign reagents and regulating the rubber stability and degradation rate via introducing degradative metal ions.