bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exponential Nature of Heat Exposure Duration Relative to Temperature Change in the Curing and Flowering of Bulbous Iris1
Authors: Kimura Y. , Stuart N. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A semi-log plot of time and temp, representing treatment conditions successfully used for the heat curing of ‘Wedgwood’ iris bulbs, resulted in a wedge shaped distribution of points. A line passing through the lower side of this distribution was interpreted as the locus of min time values at given temp for the successful heat treatment of iris bulbs. Several time-temp treatment combinations from points along this line and other combinations were selected for forcing trials with ‘Ideal’ iris. After subtraction of correction values based on a 2-day period of delayed bulb response, the corrected equivalent units showed positive correlation with the earliness of the 50% flowering date, the decreasing lengths of first and fifth leaves, and the decreasing number of leafy plants. The per day effect of treatment at 32°C declined beyond the 10th day. The equivalent unit method is a new procedure for calculating the heat curing response for bulbous iris,
Geochemical processes and mechanisms for cesium enrichment in a hot-spring system
Authors: Wang Wei , Jiang Shao-Yong , Wei Hai-Zhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Geothermal systems in Tibet, a crucial geothermal region in China, belong to the Mediterranean-Himalayan geothermal belt and are characterized by a broad distribution of cesium (Cs) bearing geyserite deposits. Targejia, one of the largest Cs-bearing geyserites in southern-western Tibet, contains 1.446 × 104 tons of Cs. The highest ore grade reaches 2.89 wt%, and the ore-forming process can be subdivided into mineralization stages I to V. Cs is heterogeneously distributed in geyserites. Herein, two Cs-bearing ores are investigated, with distinct characteristics of (1) low-Cs-bearing ore (amorphous silica opal-A and opal-CT type) with low Cs (average of ~0.2 wt%), Na, K, Al, and Ca contents, and (2) high-Cs-bearing ore (clay type) with high-Cs (average of ~1.40 wt%), -Na, -K, -Al, and -Ca contents. It is reported for the first time that Cs primarily exists in clay rather than in amorphous silica opal. The Cs-enrichment mechanisms are different for the above two Cs-bearing geyserite types: (1) The deprotonated –OH, surrounded by water molecules, controls the amount of Cs absorbed on the geyserite surface (Si–OH) in the low-Cs-bearing ore. (2) The variable Cs content depends on the Al content because Al substitutes Si, yielding more negative charges to absorb Cs in the high-Cs-bearing ore. Geothermal fluid loading-mass elements, such as Cs and SiO2, precipitate as amorphous silica (opal) with clay minerals. Mineral saturation index modeling was used to predict the most applicable physical parameters for ore formation. The results confirm that the ore forms at ~85 °C and a pH of ~8.5 in the Na-Cl system at stage V. The degree of Cs enrichment reduces from the latest stage V (0–4 ka) to the early stage IV (4–17 ka), and is controlled by clay dissolution, which might further relate to the climate change in Tibet’s Holocene. Fluid-rock interaction modeling shows that dissolution–reprecipitation induces a higher order of amorphous silica formation and clay dissolution at &gt;40 °C and pH of 5–9 at stages V and III, excluding Cs from the ore.
An Analysis of Culturally Specific Items and Translation Techniques Applied in Edensor
Authors: Busana Prima , Subiyanto Agus 
Published: August 2022

<em>This research aims to identify and classify Culturally Specific Items (CSIs) of a bilingual novel titled Edensor by using Newmark’s taxonomy and to analyze CSIs classification by using translation techniques of Mollina and Albir. Further, this research purposes to know the accurateness of the translation. This research design is conducted with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The data of the research are taken from a novel namely Edensor which is written by Andrea Hirata, and the novel is translated from Indonesian to English by John Colombo. The researchers collect the data by using techniques of library research. The data is collected by identifying and classifying of CSIs in the novel. Then, the data is analyzed based on the translation techniques. The results show that amplification technique is used for 16 data (48.49%), borrowing technique is used for 6 data (18.18%), calque technique is used for 2 data (6.06%), description technique is used for 1 data (3.03%), generalization technique is used for 7 data (21.21%), and reduction technique is used for 1 data (3.03%). The mostly used in translation technique of CSIs is amplification technique by giving additional information, because it can make a clear for the English readers. Further, the accurateness of the CSIs translation shows 19 data (57.58%) for accurate translation, 10 data (30.30%) for less-accurate translation, and 4 data (12.12%) for inaccurate translation.</em>
The Effect of COVID 19 Pandemic on English Proficiency Level in Higher Education
Authors: Amiruddin Mohammad , Jannah Ukhti Raudhatul 
Published: August 2022

<em>This study is to find out the effect of COVID 19 pandemic on English proficiency .This research is an experimental research using quantitative approach. The students in higher education are as parts of population in this research. A random sampling technique is used to decide the sampling size. The subjects of this study are 36 students. The data are analyzed by paired t test technique. The result of the study shows sig (p) is significant. It is smaller than 0.05 (it is 0.000). The difference can be considered true. The mean is 59.30 before COVID 19; 49.33 is the mean during COVID 19. It indicates that the students at higher education with before COVID 19 pandemic have better English aptitude than in COVID 19 virus. It implies that the teachers and members of educational society in higher education be supposed to assist out students with the suitable atmosphere to be of assistance students with consequential input in addition to offer students with interface in an attempt to the regularity of experiencing English; additionally, it is suggested that the members of scholar society are being release significant input for the students.</em>
Effectiveness of Teaching English for Specific Purposes in LMS Moodle: Lecturers' Perspective
Authors: Prasetya Rizky Eka 
Published: August 2022

<em>Learning management systems (LMS) Moodle presents a beneficial arrangement of features that support language learning in the electronic environment. The English lecturers' challenge is to obtain interaction and adaptability with their online classroom. The study is to find the effectiveness of teaching English in Moodle-based. The semi-structured interviews and open-ended questioner were employed to recognize the complete information to the English lecturer's teaching experiences based on Moodle. This study determines that the effective teaching of English Moodle-based depends on both lecturer competences in pedagogy English and lecturer experience in the Moodle system. It covers a complete curriculum with high expectations, composes applicable model content, and constructs it more obtainable, provides specific and culturally applicable instruction, maintains practical approaches to explicit learning strategies, allows learnings to use the first language, prepares vocabulary in various contexts, and develops reading comprehension, and integrates communicative competence abilities. The language learning activities of the Moodle classroom are capable of fulfilling learning practice for complete progression participants with peculiar configuration, management, adjustments, and teaching approach. The English teaching course designer should organize and manage an expected course model of course-related activity, and it applied to the utilization of the syllabus or course information page. The essential aspect of interchangeable communication significantly reshapes language teaching pedagogy in the electronic ecosystem. The effective teaching of English Moodle-based can be achieved with teaching pedagogy's full capabilities and technicality in the Moodle system</em>.
Ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed thrombolysis via dual right upper extremity venous access into the basilic vein in a case of submassive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Elkhouly Ahmed , Enos Derek , Fox Justin 
Published: August 2022

Traditionally, massive, life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE) has been treated with systemic thrombolytic therapy, whereas submassive and smaller acute PEs have been treated with systemic anticoagulation therapy. Given that thrombolytic therapy is associated with a risk of life-threatening complications, including intracranial hemorrhage, it has not been routinely used or recommended for submassive PEs. In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ultrasound-facilitated catheter- directed thrombolysis (USCDT) for acute massive and sub-massive pulmonary embolism. USCDT is primarily performed via jugular or femoral venous access. There have been isolated reports of USCDT performed via upper-extremity venous access. We present a case of ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed thrombolysis (USCDT) in a submassive PE patient with dual right upper extremity venous access, where both sheaths were advanced into the basilic vein (due to anatomic variation). Based on recent clinical trial data suggesting that shorted duration USCDT is as effective as longer duration, tPA was infused in this case for 6 hours. This intervention strategy can enhance patient comfort with USCDT therapy and can be particularly helpful in patients at high risk of access site complications and those unable to lie supine for a long duration of infusion therapy.
Contamination level, source identification and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in drinking water sources of mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Zahid Imran , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Khan Said Akbar , Nawab Javed , Ghani Junaid , Ullah Zahid , Khan Sardar , Baig Shams Ali , Muhammad Ihsan , Din Zia Ud , Khan Asad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n = 150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed a high mean concentration (497) μg L−1, followed by Zn (414) μg L−1 in the mining area, while Zn showed the lowest mean value (4.44) μg L−1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and a moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that the pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was the highest for children relative to that for adults, but not higher than the USEPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs was lower than the threshold value (HIing &lt; 1), except for Mohmand District, which showed a value of HI &gt;1 in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the USEPA (1.0E-04–1.0E-06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from further contamination, management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.
Wastewater reuse in agriculture: the effect of macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration treatment on seed germination and seedling development
Authors: Nsiah-Gyambibi Rapheal , Quashie Andrews , Armoo Ekua Afrakoma 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is a growing need to reclaim wastewater for agricultural use due to freshwater limitation. Integrating macrophytes in vermifiltration improves the treatment efficiency. However, the effect of treated wastewater on seed germination and seedling development is not widely investigated. The study investigated the use of Pistia stratiotes in a macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration of domestic wastewater and assessed the effect on seed and seedling development of Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor. Three irrigation treatments of water were applied: macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration (VP), no macrophyte vermifiltration (VM) and potable water (PW) as the control. Results showed that VP had a removal of 41–44% EC, 65–67% turbidity, 52–65% TDS, 67–70% TSS, 29–34% COD, 42–46% BOD, 67–70% N total, and 74–78% P available compared to VM. VP treatment reduced inhibition in the morphological, physiological and biochemical developments of seed and seedling growth. The use of macrophyte-vermifiltered wastewater significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the percentage of germination and the radical length of all seed species increased as well. In terms of the seedling development, seedling mortalities were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced and more than 75% chlorophyll pigments estimations (Cɑ, Cɓ, Cɑ+ɓ and Cx+c) were identified in all seedling species when macrophyte-vermifiltered wastewater was used to irrigate.
Regeneration of As(V) loaded granular activated carbon through desorption in FeCl3, CaCl2 and MgCl2 aqueous solutions
Authors: Moed Niels Michiel , Ku Young 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As(V) adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC) and subsequent desorption in dH2O was modeled using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Regeneration was achieved by immersing loaded GAC in NaCl, FeCl3, CaCl2 and MgCl2 aqueous solutions. As(V) detection after desorption was highest for NaCl but subsequent adsorption was lowest. Regeneration was highest in FeCl3 solution of pH 2 followed closely by pH 3, but As(V) precipitation appeared superior at pH 3. Molar ratios of Fe, Ca and Mg to As were tested in the range of 0.75:1 to 12:1 where a logarithmic relation was found between the molar ratio and As(V) desorption as diluted in HNO3 and H2O and subsequent adsorption. Precipitation was nearly complete in FeCl3, limited in MgCl2 at a ratio of 12:1 and not observed in CaCl2. While kinetic values were lower than in previous tests, the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models could accurately describe desorption in CaCl2 and MgCl2 but not in FeCl3 due to precipitation. Desorption in FeCl3 was most effective in precipitating As(V), being highest at a molar ratio of 6:1, but regeneration was slightly higher at a molar ratio of 12:1.
mtDNA Maintenance and Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative
Diseases
Authors: Shang Dehao , Huang Minghao , Wang Biyao , Yan Xu , Wu Zhou , Zhang Xinwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Considerable evidence indicates that the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria play
key roles in the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
encodes components of the OXPHOS complex but mutated mtDNA accumulates in cells with aging,
which mirrors the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation stems
not only from the misreplication of mtDNA and the highly oxidative environment but also from defective
mitophagy after fission. In this review, we focus on several pivotal mitochondrial proteins
related to mtDNA maintenance (such as ATAD3A and TFAM), mtDNA alterations including
mtDNA mutations, mtDNA elimination, and mtDNA release-activated inflammation to understand
the crucial role played by mtDNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's
disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Our
work outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mtDNA.
Diagnostic Value of DCE-MRI and Tofts Model in Children with Unilateral
Hydronephrosis
Authors: Yin Yiwei , Zhou Yi , He Siping , Jin Ke 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hydronephrosis is a common condition, and the correct diagnosis of hydronephrosis
is necessary to improve the early diagnosis rates of pediatric hydronephrosis.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-
enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) analyzed using the Tofts model in children
with unilateral hydronephrosis.

Methods:
We retrospectively selected data from 88 children with unilateral hydronephrosis treated in
our hospital from September 2018 to October 2020. Routine and DCE-MR renal image indexes were
collected and their pharmacokinetic variables were calculated based on the Tofts model to compare
kinetic parameters of affected and normal kidney. We compared the renal parenchymal thickness and
other renal function indexes in children with different degrees of hydronephrosis, and drew receiver
operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the diagnostic value of this approach in children with
hydronephrosis.

Results:
The Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values in the diseased kidneys were lower than those in the normal
ones (P<0.05). The thickness of the healthy renal parenchyma in children with severe hydronephrosis
was higher than in children with moderate and mild hydronephrosis, but the renal parenchyma thickness
and the thickness ratio of renal parenchyma on the affected side were lower than those in children
with moderate and mild hydronephrosis (P<0.05). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DCE-MRI
and Tofts model in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis in children were higher than those of a single
DCE-MRI (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the DCE-MRI and Tofts model approach for
the diagnosis of hydronephrosis in children was 0.789 (95% CI, 0.72-0.859), and the sensitivity and
specificity were 86.36% and 71.59%, respectively.

Conclusions:
DCE-MRI and Tofts model can provide a clear picture of renal morphology, and renal
function evaluation parameters. They have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis
in children.
Dissonance Between Human Nurses And Technology: Understanding Nurses’ Experience Using Technology Beds With Monitoring Functions Within Clinical Nursing Practice
Authors: Kotoku Kazuko , Eguchi Eri , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nakashima Shota , Asai Yoshiyuki , Nishikawa Jun 
Published: August 2022

Aims:
Are nurses adapting to the mechanized nursing practice environment? Is it possible for nurses to collaborate with technology to provide care to patients? The aim of the study is to investigate what nurses feel about using technology in nursing practice.

Background:
Preventing patients from falling is one of the nursing tasks that can be helped by using technology, such as sensors. However, little is known about how nurses experience and feel the use of technological beds for monitoring functionality within clinical nursing practice. Especially it is indicated that alarm fatigue makes nurses and patients fatigued and induces a dissonance between nurses and technology.

Objective:
To clarify the experiences of nurses in clinical practice following the introduction of a bed with monitoring and fall prevention technology (technology bed).

Methods:
We interviewed 12 nurses working at a hospital about their nursing practice experiences with the technology bed.

Results:
The content of the interview was classified into three categories: ‘providing a safe environment’, ‘limitation of entry into machine care scenes’, and ‘nurses’ dilemmas’; with eight themes describing nursing practice: (1) strategies of fall prevention, (2) decrease in nurses’ burden, (3) not good at using technology (all tools must be easy to use), (4) inefficiency such as over-engineering, (5) patients feel annoyed by frequent visits from nurses, (6) limitations of utilization from a nursing perspective, (7) nurse resistance to equipment introduction and (8) ethical issues.

Conclusion:
Although technology beds could effectively prevent falls, many nurses face an ethical dilemma in using these beds. It would be important for nurses to recognize the role of technology, embrace it, and raise awareness of collaborating with technology to eliminate a dissonance between technology and nurses.
The Design, Development, and Testing of a Virtual Reality Device for Upper Limb Training in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Single-Center Feasibility Study
Authors: Kalron Alon , Frid Lior , Fonkatz Iliya , Menascu Shay , Dolev Mark , Magalashvili David , Achiron Anat 
Published: August 2022

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common nontraumatic, neurological, disabling disease that often presents with upper limb dysfunction. Exercise training has resulted in improvement for patients; however, there can be a lack of compliance due to access because of location and lack of MS experts. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising technology that can offer exercise therapy/rehabilitation at a distance. This type of remote training can be motivational and effective for patients with MS and can improve range of motion and muscle strength for those with upper limb dysfunction.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the XRHealth software and the Oculus Rift Station for patients with MS with upper limb motor dysfunction.

Methods
A single-center, prospective, feasibility study was conducted with patients with MS who had upper limb motor dysfunction. Patients participated in a single 45-minute digital environment session with VR and completed a questionnaire about the quality of the training and fatigability. The clinician also completed a questionnaire to evaluate the suitability and safety of the training.

Results
Overall, 30 patients were enrolled between the ages of 20 and 81 years. Patients reported that the training sessions within the digital environment were helpful, challenging, fun, and simple to understand, and that they would be willing to repeat the sessions again. The physical therapist that oversaw the patients reported that the training was suitable for 87% (n=26) of the patients. Anticipated adverse events were fatigue, temporary dizziness, and temporary nausea. The operator complications included that the cable of the head-mounted display interrupted the training (n=2, 7%) and fatigue that caused cessation of the VR training session (n=2, 7%). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
These preliminary results demonstrated that the use of the XRHealth software and Oculus Rift Station platform is feasible, safe, and engaging for patients, and has the potential to improve the functionality of the upper limbs in patients with MS. This study provides support for future studies of implementing a series of training sessions with virtual reality in a home-based environment.