bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Risk Assessment for Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Settings: Infection
Authors: Parris Kerry M. , Jayasooriya Shamanthi M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaternal infections are a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB); 40% to 50% of PTBs are estimated to result from infection or inflammation. Higher infection rates are reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and over 80% of PTBs occur in these settings. Global literature was synthesised to identify infections whose prevention or treatment could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes and/or prevent mother-to-child transmission of infections.Best evidenced risk factors for PTB were maternal infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR2.27; 95%CI: 1.2–4.3), syphilis (OR2.09; 95%CI:1.09–4.00), or malaria (aOR3.08; 95%CI:1.2–4.3). Lower certainty evidence identified increased PTB risk with urinary tract infections (OR1.8; 95%CI: 1.4–2.1), sexually transmitted infections (OR1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4), bacterial vaginosis (aOR16.4; 95%CI: 4.3–62.7), and systemic viral pathogens.Routine blood testing and treatment are recommended for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis, as well as for malaria in areas with moderate to high transmission. In high-risk populations and asymptomatic or symptomatic disease, screening for lower genital tract infections associated with PTB should be offered at the antenatal booking appointment. This should inform early treatment and management. Heath education promoting pre-pregnancy and antenatal awareness of infections associated with PTB and other adverse pregnancy outcomes is recommended.
Evaluating Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substance Use in Pregnant Women
Authors: Salam Shumona Sharmin , Mitchell Caroline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUse of tobacco, alcohol, and psychoactive substances during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of preterm birth. Concurrent use of these substances is also quite common and further increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Health-care providers should ask pregnant women about their exposure to tobacco, second-hand smoke, alcohol, and illicit substances (past and present) at every antenatal visit using validated screening instruments and offer brief interventions.Pregnant women with alcohol or substance dependence should be assessed individually and offered psychosocial interventions (e.g. motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, contingency management). Pregnant women should be advised to quit and referred to detoxification services or opioid substitution treatment (for opioid users). Pharmacological treatment for maintenance and relapse prevention is not recommended for amphetamine, cannabis, and cocaine dependence and requires individual risk-benefit analysis for alcohol dependence. Opioid maintenance therapy with methadone or buprenorphine is recommended for opiate dependence. Pregnant women who are current tobacco users or have recently quit should be offered psychosocial interventions (e.g. counselling, incentives, social support). Evidence on impact of pharmacological interventions for cessation of tobacco use is limited. Interventions to make public places and homes smoke-free are recommended. Evidence of impact of these interventions in reducing PTB especially in LMIC settings is low and further research recommended.
Low Voltage Warning System for Stand-Alone Metering Station Using AI on the Edge
Authors: Turchan Krzysztof , Piotrowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is used in many different aspects of life these days. It is also increasingly used to create intelligent embedded devices. Their main task is to demonstrate intelligent features using limited hardware resources. This paper introduces the possibility of using AI on the Edge as a system to warn of low voltage on the battery in a stand-alone metering station powered by solar panels. The paper presents theoretical knowledge about artificial intelligence on the Edge, time series and algorithms in time series forecasting. In addition, a practical approach is presented in the Approach section. It also describes the stand-alone measurement station that was used, what type of data was collected and used, and what type of the time series forecasting algorithm was used. The main advantage of the approach is the practical use of Holt’s Linear Trend method in battery voltage forecasting. Work on the project is still in progress therefore the results presented in the paper are generated during simulation.
Test Framework for Collaborative Robot Graphene-Based Electronic Skin
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Gruszka Łukasz , Możaryn Jakub 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollaborative robots are one of the key pillars of Industry 4.0. Thanks to improved sensors, they can cooperate with people in a common workspace safely. Equipping the robot with an electronic skin allows increasing its safety level. The article presents the hardware and software framework of the newly developed graphene-based electronic skin for a collaborative robot. Functional laboratory tests confirm the effectiveness of the e-skin integration with the robot control system.
Sometimes It’s Just a Game: The Pros and Cons of Using Virtual Environments in Social Influence Research
Authors: Pochwatko Grzegorz , Świdrak Justyna , Doliński Dariusz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClassic social influence effects are present both in games and virtual environments, similarly to real life. The use of games and virtual environments to study them offers the possibility to better control the experimental situation but also brings limitations. On one hand, sequential request techniques of social influence are studied in virtual environments, which enables the control of the experimental situation at the laboratory level. On the other hand, mere presence in the laboratory, devices for measuring physiological responses and awareness of participation in the game provide additional confounding variables that influence the results. We show examples of successful and unsuccessful replications of the foot-in-the-door, door-in-the-face and foot-in-the-face effects accompanied by the analysis of the indicators of physiological arousal. Virtual environments are useful tools for social psychology, but they need to be applied carefully because even a serious game is sometimes just a game.
Intergenerational Interaction with Avatars in VR: An Exploratory Study Towards an XR Research Framework
Authors: Karpowicz Barbara , Masłyk Rafał , Skorupska Kinga , Jabłoński Daniel , Kalinowski Krzysztof , Kobyliński Paweł , Pochwatko Grzegorz , Kornacka Monika , Kopeć Wiesław 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dynamic development of solutions in the field of virtual and augmented reality poses challenges to designers. These challenges relate to both technical conditions, including hardware capabilities and software solutions, as well as psychophysical constructs conditioning the end users’ reception of the generated multimedia message. One of the key elements of the virtual and augmented reality experience is the interaction with the system through a virtual agent represented by an avatar, i.e. a reflection of the image of a participant in the virtual world, carrying on a conversation with the user. This paper presents a proposed software and hardware solution for conducting multifaceted research and comparative analysis of diverse interfaces and human-computer interaction in virtual and augmented reality. In the course of this research, statistically significant results were obtained indicating differences in perception between three types of virtual agents. Each of them represented by different avatars in a specially created research environment that allowed to conduct usability tests under reproducible conditions to study user interaction in virtual reality.
Learning Affective Responses Through Evaluative Conditioning - New Developments in Affective Computing
Authors: Balas Robert , Pochwatko Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn affective computing, the system should accurately read the user’s emotional states and respond to them adequately. It can also influence the user while having information about his temporary affective state. A vital psychological mechanism that refers to changes in affective responses due to simple pairings of stimuli is the evaluative conditioning (EC). Such form of learning might be of great importance in human-machine interactions, since such interactions are becoming a vital element of social relations that are construed, maintained, and ended via various artificial systems. In our studies, we investigated how physiological arousal moderates affective learning. Previous research showed arousal to play an important role in evaluative conditioning. However, those were declarative measures of self-assessed arousal levels. We used physiological measures of arousal and affect to show only moderate levels of arousal might support learning of affective responses. We discuss how our findings translate to the influence of artificial tools on social relations and attitudes. We also try to indicate a significant direction in the development of affective computing.
Brief Overview Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots/Devices
Authors: Sobiech Mariusz , Wolański Wojciech , Karpiel Ilona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rehabilitation approach has changed with the appearance of robots. As a results the rehabilitation costs significantly decrease but also time for both the patient [1], who does not have to commute for long time to the office and medical professionals. Nowadays medicine, computer science, electronics, and engineering, in general, are strongly connected. A group of specialists is working on newer and newer solutions to improve both diagnosis and therapy. This article provides an overview of basic rehabilitation robotic solutions used in the rehabilitation of upper limb functions.The literature used is based on PubMed and Scopus databases included articles published between 1999 and 2021. Eligibility criteria included upper limb exoskeletons for rehabilitation of both the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints.This paper provides an overview of an important research subject and highlights the current knowledge in the field. Despite extensive attempts to develop rehabilitation systems, exoskeletons are primarily uncommercialised despite a large number of prototypes.
Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of Vendors and Their Contribution Toward Community Healthcare in Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Barcelo Racquel C. , Gallao II Mark Gamaliel S. , Balocnit Reina G. , Caballero Kate L. , Fernandez Alfonso Rafael C. , Magwa Karl Andrei B. , Valmoja Justin Dave P. , Garambas Zenaida U. , Barcelo Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerbal plants are among the products sold in many urban markets in Asia. They play a vital role in alleviating various and common ailments among city-dwellers. People buy them because of their availability, ease of preparation, low cost, and effectiveness as compared to synthetic and commercial drugs. This study was conducted to identify and document the uses of the medicinal plants sold in the streets and market places of Baguio City, Philippines. Information on the part/s used, method of preparation, and mode of use/application were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. The data gathered from 42 local street and stall vendors were analysed using use value (UV) as a quantitative tool. A total of 59 species belonging to 52 genera and 29 families were recorded to treat various health-related problems or ailments and diseases. More than 50 health problems were identified. Cough is the most common ailment treated. The leaves are the most frequently used plant part for the treatment of various diseases. Decoction and drinking are the most common modes of preparation and administration respectively. Over-all, Lamiaceae is the most dominant (11 species) and important family (UV 2.26), while Angelica keiskei (Miq) Koidz is the most important species (UV 1.05). Thus, this study shows that medicinal plants continue to be widely sold by local vendors for primary health care in an urban context.
Remarks on the quadratic orthogonal bisectional curvature
Authors: Broder Kyle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe exhibit a curious link between the Quadratic Orthogonal Bisectional Curvature, combinatorics, and distance geometry. The Weitzenböck curvature operator, acting on real (1, 1)–forms, is realized as the Dirichlet energy of a finite graph, weighted by a matrix of the curvature. These results also illuminate the difference in the nature of the Quadratic Orthogonal Bisectional Curvature and the Real Bisectional Curvature.
Notfallversorgung – Reformbedarf aus ambulanter Sicht
Authors: von Stillfried Dominik , Mangiapane Sandra 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit Jahren stehen Reformen der Akut- und Notfallversorgung auf der gesundheitspolitischen Agenda. So auch im aktuellen Koalitionsvertrag. Zur Einordnung der Ausgangslage werden ein inhaltlicher Rückblick sowie eine Analyse der Abrechnungsdaten aus der ambulanten und stationären Notfallversorgung vorgenommen. Folgt man der Hypothese, dass bisherige Reformansätze insbesondere auf einen Anstieg ambulant vertragsärztlich behandelbarer Fälle in der Notfallversorgung reagierten, muss die Fallzahlentwicklung in der Dekade bis zum Pandemiebeginn (2010–2019) zur Kenntnis genommen werden. Sie zeigt eine Stagnation der Fallzahl in Notaufnahmen und einen seit 2016 rückläufigen Trend insbesondere bei ambulanten Notfallbehandlungen durch Krankenhäuser. Dieser Effekt kann nicht zweifelsfrei auf bereits eingeführte Maßnahmen zur Patientensteuerung (Bereitschaftspraxen, Telefontriage) zurückgeführt werden. Die Analyse der Abrechnungsdiagnosen spricht dafür, dass eine klare Arbeitsteilung zwischen Bereitschaftspraxen und Notaufnahmen besteht. Die konsistente Verlagerung der Fälle hochbetagter Patienten in die ambulante Versorgung durch Notaufnahmen legt aber eine notwendige Weiterentwicklung dieser Arbeitsteilung nahe. Weitere Maßnahmen der Steuerung durch Weiterleitung von Patienten aus Notaufnahmen in die vertragsärztliche Versorgung müssen noch im Detail beschlossen und umgesetzt werden (§ 120 Abs. 3b Sozialgesetzbuch [SGB] V). In der Diskussion wird die Auffassung vertreten, dass Implementierung und Evaluation dieser Maßnahmen abgewartet werden sollten, bevor weitergehende Reformschritte ergriffen werden.
Genome-wide association mapping identifies common bunt (Tilletia caries) resistance loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions of the USDA National Small Grains Collection
Authors: Ehn Magdalena , Michel Sebastian , Morales Laura , Gordon Tyler , Dallinger Hermann Gregor , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Key message
Association mapping and phenotypic analysis of a diversity panel of 238 bread wheat accessions highlights differences in resistance against common vs. dwarf bunt and identifies genotypes valuable for bi-parental crosses.

Abstract
Common bunt caused by Tilletia caries and T. laevis was successfully controlled by seed dressings with systemic fungicides for decades, but has become a renewed threat to wheat yield and quality in organic agriculture where such treatments are forbidden. As the most efficient way to address this problem is the use of resistant cultivars, this study aims to broaden the spectrum of resistance sources available for breeders by identifying resistance loci against common bunt in bread wheat accessions of the USDA National Small Grains Collection. We conducted three years of artificially inoculated field trials to assess common bunt infection levels in a diversity panel comprising 238 wheat accessions for which data on resistance against the closely related pathogen Tilletia controversa causing dwarf bunt was already available. Resistance levels against common bunt were higher compared to dwarf bunt with 99 accessions showing $$\le$$
≤
1% incidence. Genome-wide association mapping identified six markers significantly associated with common bunt incidence in regions already known to confer resistance on chromosomes 1A and 1B and novel loci on 2B and 7A. Our results show that resistance against common and dwarf bunt is not necessarily controlled by the same loci but we identified twenty accessions with high resistance against both diseases. These represent valuable new resources for research and breeding programs since several bunt races have already been reported to overcome known resistance genes.
Dietary Saturated Fat and Bone Health in Young Adults: The Young Finns Cohort
Authors: Tolonen S. , Juonala M. , Fogelholm M. , Pahkala K. , Laaksonen M. , Kähönen M. , Sievänen H. , Viikari J. , Raitakari O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that saturated fat (SFA) intake may negatively impact on bone. However, few human studies on the topic exist. Women and men aged 31–46 years from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study attended the peripheral quantitative computed tomography and ultrasound bone measurements in 2008 (n = 1884–1953, ~ 56% women). In addition, fracture diagnoses in 1980–2018 were searched for the national health care registers and 431 participants had at least one fracture. Food consumption was gathered with the 48-h dietary recall interviews and food frequency questionnaire in 1980–2007. In the present study, radial, tibial, and calcaneal bone traits, and fractures were examined relative to the long-term intake of SFA. No consistent associations were seen between bone outcomes and SFA intake that would have replicated in both women and men. The only evidence for differential distributions was seen in cortical density and cortical-to-total area ratio at the radial shaft, and speed of sound at the calcaneus, which were 0.1–0.4% higher in women in the lowest tertile of SFA intake compared with the highest tertile. In addition, among men, the odds ratio (OR) of fractures was greater in the second (OR 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.33) and third tertile of SFA intake (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.38–4.36) compared with the lowest tertile, independently of many risk factors of osteoporosis. In this observational study, we found no robust evidence of the associations of dietary long-term SFA intake with bone outcomes. Therefore, additional studies are needed to confirm the association of dietary SFA with bone health in humans.
The relative influence of environmental cues on reproductive allocation of a highly iteroparous coral reef fish
Authors: Mitterwallner Pauline , Shima Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPelagic eggs and larvae of many coral reef fishes will encounter a dynamic and risky environment as they disperse between the reef and offshore habitats. Life-history theory predicts that spawning adults should synchronize their reproductive effort with specific environmental conditions that facilitate offspring survival. Favourable conditions for reproduction may be determined by local environmental conditions at the spawning site, or signalled by larger-scale environmental cues, such as the lunar cycle. Multiple cues may interact in complex ways to cause additional variation in spawning intensity. We evaluated a set of environmental variables that potentially determine temporal and spatial variation in spawning patterns of a highly iteroparous fish, the sixbar wrasse (Thalassoma hardwicke). Specifically, we monitored focal territories of terminal-phase males over a 5-month period, quantified spawning activities, and evaluated a hierarchical set of predictive models using a model selection approach (AICc). Temporal variation in spawning (and population densities at the spawning site) was most strongly associated with the lunar cycle and maximal around the new moon. Local hydrodynamic conditions and other environmental variables observable at the spawning site were less strongly correlated with temporal variation in spawning. Territory proximity to the reef edge was a strong predictor of spatial variation in spawning intensity; territories closest to the reef edge experienced more spawning. These observations suggest that females make predictable decisions about where and when they spawn. Females appear to recognize strong, persistent spatial gradients in spawning habitat quality, and primarily vary their spawning effort in accordance with a large-scale environmental cue (the lunar cycle).
Migration of repetitive DNAs during evolution of the permanent translocation heterozygosity in the oyster plant (Tradescantia section Rhoeo)
Authors: Golczyk Hieronim , Hřibová Eva , Doležel Jaroslav , Cuadrado Ángeles , Garbsch Frauke , Greiner Stephan , Janeczko Monika , Szklarczyk Marek , Masłyk Maciej , Kubiński Konrad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to translocation heterozygosity for all chromosomes in the cell complement, the oyster plant (Tradescantia spathacea) forms a complete meiotic ring. It also shows Rabl-arrangement at interphase, featured by polar centromere clustering. We demonstrate that the pericentromeric regions of the oyster plant are homogenized in concert by three subtelomeric sequences: 45S rDNA, (TTTAGGG)n motif, and TSrepI repeat. The Rabl-based clustering of pericentromeric regions may have been an excellent device to combine the subtelomere-pericentromere sequence migration (via inversions) with the pericentromere-pericentromere DNA movement (via whole arm translocations) that altogether led to the concerted homogenization of all the pericentromeric domains by the subtelomeric sequences. We also show that the repetitive sequence landscape of interstitial chromosome regions contains many loci consisting of Arabidopsis-type telomeric sequence or of TSrepI repeat, and it is extensively heterozygous. However, the sequence arrangement on some chromosomal arms suggest segmental inversions that are fully or partially homozygous, a fact that could be explained if the inversions started to create linkages already in a bivalent-forming ancestor. Remarkably, the subterminal TSrepI loci reside exclusively on the longer arms that could be due to sharing sequences between similarly-sized chromosomal arms in the interphase nucleus. Altogether, our study spotlights the supergene system of the oyster plant as an excellent model to link complex chromosome rearrangements, evolution of repetitive sequences, and nuclear architecture.
Acute and chronic kidney complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rivetti Giulio , Hursh Brenden E. , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Marzuillo Pierluigi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChildren with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have an increased risk of developing kidney involvement. Part of the risk establishes at the beginning of T1DM. In fact, up to 65% of children during T1DM onset may experience an acute kidney injury (AKI) which predisposes to the development of a later chronic kidney disease (CKD). The other part of the risk establishes during the following course of T1DM and could be related to a poor glycemic control and the subsequent development of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of T1DM on the kidneys, and the implications of these events on the long-term prognosis of kidney function.