bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided Diagnosis System for Grading Brain Tumor Using Histopathology Images Based on Color and Texture Features
Authors: Elazab Naira , GabAllah Wael , Elmogy Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cancer pathology shows disease development and associated molecular features. It provides extensive phenotypic information that is cancer-predictive and has potential implications for planning treatment. Based on the exceptional performance of computational approaches in the field of digital pathogenic, the use of rich phenotypic information in digital pathology images has enabled us to identify low-level gliomas (LGG) from high-grade gliomas (HGG). The purpose of this paper is to create an automated diagnostic system based on brain cancer histopathology images. In this paper, several imaging characteristics, including conventional intensity and advanced texturing features (grey co-occurrence, gray-level run-length matrix, and local binary pattern), were included in the training of a hybrid ensemble classification model. The textural and color characteristics were validated in the glioma patients using the 10-fold cross-validation technique with an accuracy equals to 94.6%. The combination of the color and texture characteristics produced significantly better accuracy, which supported their synergistic significance in the predictive model. The result indicates that the textural characteristics can be an objective, accurate, and comprehensive glioma prediction when paired with conventional imagery. The proposed model can help stratify patients in clinical studies, choose patients for targeted therapy, and customize specific treatment schedules.
Preferences in the willingness to download a mobile health app: A discrete choice experiment in Spain, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Folkvord Frans , Bol Nadine , Stazi Giacomo , Peschke Lutz , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the worldwide growth in mHealth tools and the possible benefits for both patients and healthcare providers, adoption of mHealth is low and only a limited number of studies have examined the intention to download mHealth apps. In the current study, we investigated individuals’ preferences in the adoption of a health app.
Methods
We conducted a discrete choice experimental study in three countries (Spain [N = 800], Germany [N = 800], and the Netherlands [N = 416]) with four different vignettes (i.e., revenue models, data protection models, recommendation models, manufacturer models) with different attributes. Participants were randomly assigned.
Results
The results showed that price and data protection were considered important factors that significantly increased the probability to download a mobile health app. In general, the recommendation and the manufacturer affected the probability to download the health app less. However, in Germany and the Netherlands we found that if the app was manufactured by a pharmaceutical company, the probability to download the health app decreased.
Conclusions
mHealth tools are highly promising to reduce healthcare costs and increase the effectiveness of traditional health interventions and therapies. Improving data protection, reducing costs, and creating sound business models are the major driving forces to increase the adoption of mobile health apps in the future. It is thereby essential to create trustworthy standards for mobile applications, whereby prices, legislation concerning data protection, and health professionals can have a leading role to inform the potential consumers.
Reduction of BSI associated mortality after a Sepsis Project implementation in the ER of a tertiary referral Hospital
Authors: Seminari Elena , Colaneri Marta , Corbella Marta , Silvestri Annalisa , Muzzi Alba , Perlini Stefano , Martino Ilaria Francesca , Cambieri Patrizia , Marone Piero , Bruno Raffaele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The emergency room (ER) is the first gateway for patients with sepsis to inpatient units, and identifying best practices and benchmarks to be applied in this setting might crucially result in better patient’s outcomes. In this study, we want to evaluate the results in terms of decreased the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis of a Sepsis Project developed in the ER. All patients admitted to the ER of our Hospital from the 1st January, 2016 to the 31stJuly 2019 with suspect of sepsis (MEWS score ≥ of 3) and positive blood culture upon ER admission were included in this retrospective observational study. The study comprises of two periods: Period A: From the 1st Jan 2016 to the 31st Dec 2017, before the implementation of the Sepsis project Period B: From the 1st Jan 2018 to the 31stJul 2019, after the implementation of the Sepsis project. To analyze the difference in mortality between the two periods, a univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used. The risk of in-hospital mortality was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Overall, 722 patients admitted in ER had positive BC on admissions, 408 in period A and 314 in period B. In-hospital mortality was 18.9 % in period A and 12.7% in period B (p=0.03). At multivariable analysis, mortality was still reduced in period B compared to period A (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.98; p=0.045). Having an infection due to GP bacteria or polymicrobial was associated with an increased risk of death, as it was having a tumor or diabetes.A marked reduction in in-hospital mortality of patients with documented BSI associated with signs or symptoms of sepsis after the implementation of a sepsis project based on the application of sepsis bundles in the ER.
An in Vivo Study on the Reliability of Using a Modified Pulse Oximeter for Chair Side Determination of Pulpal Inflammatory Status
Authors: Mazumdar Paromita , Bhattacharya Sagnik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction- Sensory supply to the pulp are of two types A∂ and C fibres of which A∂ have low threshold of conduction and C fibres have higher excitation threshold. The activation of A∂ fibres indicate reversible pulpal inflammation whereas C fibre activation indicate irreversible pulpal inflammation. The currently available pulpal sensibility tests heat cold and electrical pulp tests stimulate the neural response and do not indicate whether the pulp is vital or not. Aims and Objectives- The aim of this study is to measure pulp oxygenation rates (%SpO2) in teeth with clinical diagnoses of reversible, irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis and to correlate with blood oxygen saturation levels, pulpal neural tests and tooth with healthy pulp status so that it can be assertively said that SpO2 of pulp is a reliable method to assess vitality and thereby values for pulp oxygen saturation rate can be assigned for different pulpal conditions.Materials and Methods- The study was carried out in 100 patients attending the department of conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. The patients based on their pain history, clinical examination and radiographic findings were divided into 3 groups – Group I-Reversible Pulpitis, Group II- Irreversible Pulpitis and Group III-Pulpal Necrosis. The diagnosis was confirmed using heat cold and electrical pulp tests. The pulpal oxygen saturation of the symptomatic tooth and asymptomatic control tooth was measured using a modified pulse oximeter along with the systemic oxygen saturation on all ten fingers.Results- The mean oxygen saturation levels for teeth with normal pulpal status was 95.16(90-98), for Group I reversible pulpitis was 85.12%(83-92), for Group II irreversible pulpitis was 81.72%(79-88) and Group III 69.96%(68-73) for teeth with pulpal necrosis. The differences were statistically significant amongst all the groups(all P < 0.001)Conclusion- The pulse oximeter can be a useful instrument to not only determine the vitality of the pulp but also the degree of pulpal inflammation thus aiding in the diagnosis.
Levels and Sources of Hydrocarbons in the Patos Lagoon Estuary and Cassino Beach Mud Bank (South Atlantic, Brazil): Evidence of Transference Between Environments
Authors: Neves Patricia Andrade , Costa Patricia G. , Portz Luana C. , Garcia Marina R. D. , Fillmann Gilberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments collected along the Patos Lagoon estuary and in sediment cores obtained from the Cassino Beach mud bank. Levels and distribution of n-alkanes indicate terrestrial sources, overlapping with a low amount of petrogenic hydrocarbons (heavy oils). A small unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was observed in all samples. On the other hand, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed a predominance of pyrolytic over petrogenic sources. In general, hydrocarbons (HCs) contamination in the Patos Lagoon estuary and its adjacent coastal area can be considered low, except for sites near urban or industrial effluents, where moderate to high levels of contamination were found. Concentrations of HCs were homogeneous throughout the sediment cores, suggesting that mixing processes may have occurred along the layers or that HCs inputs to the mud banks were uniform during the studied deposition period. In addition, the levels and profile of HCs levels in the coastal sediments were similar to those observed in the estuary, suggesting that HCs are promptly exported without any significant dilution and/or degradation during this process. Moreover, the frequent remobilization of sediments from the mud bank towards Cassino beach does not seem to pose any threats to the local biota or beach users since the levels of contamination were relatively low.
Comparative epidemiology of four waves of COVID-19 in Mexico, March 2020 - April 2022
Authors: Ascencio-Montiel Ivan de Jesus , Ovalle-Luna Oscar David , Rascón-Pacheco Ramón Alberto , Borja-Aburto Victor Hugo , Chowell Gerardo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest health provider in Mexico, covering about 40% of the Mexican population. In this report we described the epidemiological patterns related to cases, hospitalizations, intubations, and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 during the four epidemic waves reported in the IMSS surveillance system.
Methods
A descriptive study was conducted using the information from the Online Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINOLAVE). COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases with onset of symptoms from March 29th, 2020, to April 30th, 2022, were analyzed. Weekly epidemic curves describing the temporal evolution of confirmed cases and hospitalizations by age, gender, and wave were constructed. Hospitalization percentage, intubation percentages, hospital case fatality rate and mean days of in-hospital stay, and hospital admission delay were calculated across four pandemic waves.
Results
A total of 2,624,225 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were analyzed. Overall estimates were 13.7% for hospitalization, 21.2% for intubation and 46.1% for hospital case fatality rate. The mean in-hospital stay was 9.01 days, and the mean hospital admission delay was 5.4 days. The most recent peak dominated by the Omicron variant that occurred during winter 2021 was the highest case incidence followed by peaks during the third, second and first waves. Hospitalization, intubation and mean hospitalization days decreased during subsequent waves. The hospital case fatality rate fluctuated during the study period and reached its highest value during the second wave in winter 2020 dominated by the Alpha variant. A notable decrease in hospitalization rates was observed especially among individuals > = 60 yrs. The winter 2021 wave, driven by the Omicron variant, exhibited the highest reproduction number (R ~ 4.02).
Conclusion
During the four epidemic waves in the IMSS we observed an increase in the number of reported cases, but the severity metrics tended to decline over subsequent waves.
Synergistic Effects of Mixing and Strain
in High Entropy Spinel Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Baek Jihyun , Hossain Md Delowar , Mukherjee Pinaki , Lee Junghwa , Winther Kirsten , Leem Juyoung , Jiang Yue , Chueh William , Bajdich Michal , Zheng Xiaolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Designing electrochemically active, stable, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts is essential for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates for sustainable hydrogen production. High entropy oxides (HEOs) consist of five or more metal cations, offering ample opportunities to tune their catalytic properties toward high OER efficiency. In this work, we combine theoretical and experimental studies to scrutinize the OER activity and stability for spinel-type HEOs. Our density functional theory calculations unequivocally confirm that randomly mixed metal sites are more thermodynamically stable, while we also show that adsorption energies of the intermediates display widening distributions accompanied by the equatorial strain of active metal-oxygen bonds under mixing. The rapid sol-flame method was successfully employed to synthesize spinel oxides up to five third-row metal cations (Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn) with high degree of entropy. Such catalyst exhibits the highest OER activity of 309 mV at 10 mA cm− 2 and prolonged durability up to 168 hours under alkaline conditions over less complex mixtures despite partial formation of surface oxyhydroxide. The high-entropy model developed in this work identifies mixed Co3+ active site as the most active center of this system. Overall, this work reveals that a key feature controlling the enhanced activity of high-entropy oxides is related to mixing and resulting strain near the active site.
Element selection for functional materials discovery by integrated machine learning of elemental contributions to properties
Authors: Rosseinsky Matthew , Vasylenko Andrij , Antypov Dymtro , Gusev Vladimir , Gaultois Michael , Dyer Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fundamental differences between materials originate from the unique nature of their constituent chemical elements. Before specific differences emerge according to the precise ratios of elements (the composition) in a given crystal structure (a phase), a material can be represented by its phase field defined simply as the set of the constituent chemical elements. By working at the level of the periodic table, classification of materials at the level of their phase fields reduces the combinatorial complexity to accelerate screening, and circumvents the challenges associated with composition-level approaches – poor extrapolation within phase fields, and the impossibility of exhaustive sampling. Here, we demonstrate that phase fields can be classified with respect to the maximum expected value of a target functional property and ranked according to synthetic accessibility. We develop and present PhaseSelect, an end-to-end machine learning model that combines the representation, classification, and ranking of phase fields. First, PhaseSelect constructs elemental characteristics from the co-occurrence of chemical elements in computationally and experimentally reported materials, then it employs attention mechanisms to classify the phase fields by their functional performance. At the level of the periodic table, PhaseSelect quantifies the probability of observing a functional property within a phase field and also ranks its synthetic accessibility, which we demonstrate with significant accuracy for three avenues of materials’ applications: high-temperature superconductivity, high-temperature magnetism, and targeted bandgap energy.
Wavelet Image Scattering Based Glaucoma Detection
Authors: Zaccheus Jesuloluwa Emmanuel , Agboola Hafeez Alani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ever-growing need for cheap, simple, fast, and reliable healthcare solutions spurred a lot of research activities that are aimed at the reliable deployment of artificial intelligence in the medical fields. However, this has proved to be a daunting task especially when looking to make automated diagnoses using biomedical image data. Biomedical image data have complex patterns which human experts find very hard to comprehend. This paper studies the efficacy of wavelet scattering features from retinal fundus images for automatic glaucoma diagnosis/detection. The influence of wavelet image scattering network parameter settings as well as 2-D channel image representation type on the detection correctness is also examined. The wavelet image scattering network developed in the Matlab environment was used on the RIM-ONE DL image dataset to execute the scattering decomposition and obtain the scattering coefficients. Features from the coefficients were then used to build simple classification algorithms. Maximum detection correctness of 98% was achieved on the held-out test set. Results showed that detection correctness is highly sensitive to scattering network parameter settings and 2-D channel representation type. A superficial comparison of the classification results obtained from the proposed method and those obtained using a convolutional neural network underscores the potentiality of our method.
Does MARPE therapy have effects on Intracranial Pressure?A Clinical Study
Authors: BASER Baris , BOLUKBASİ Merve , UZLU Dilek , OZBAY Ahmet Duhan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate possible intracranial pressure changes caused by screw activation during the microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) treatment of post-pubertal individuals by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) under ultrasonography (US) guidance.
Methods
This study’s participants comprised 15 patients (7 males, 8 females) with posterior crossbite and a mean age of 16.7 years (14.25–20.08 years). The Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) appliance was used to perform MARPE in all patients. Their vital signs were recorded. The ONSD was measured by US immediately before the first screw activation (T0), and the measurements were repeated 1 minute (T1) and 10 minutes (T2) after the first activation. In the last session of the MARPE treatment, the same measurement procedure as in the first activation session (T3, T4, and T5) was followed. The patients’ perceptions of pain during the screw activation were also noted at T1 and T4 using a four-category verbal rating scale. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant for the analyses.
Results
The ONSD values ​​(T1 and T4) relatively increased within 1 minute after screw activation but did not reach a statistically significant level (p > 0.01). There was also no significant difference between the initial (T0) and the final (T7) ONSD values ​​during the active MARPE treatment (p > 0.01).
Conclusion
There was no clinically or statistically significant change in the ONSD values ​​measured by US at different times after screw activation.
Ti3C2 MXene/Gold nanorods-based hybrid nanoparticles with synergistically enhanced photodynamic antibacterial activities
Authors: Zhu Beibei , Song Pingan , Li Jingguo , Cao Shaokui , Shi Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an antibiotic-free method could effectively solve the bacterial infection problem and avoid the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this paper, Ti3C2@gold nanorods (GNRs)/PDA nanoparticles with synergistic photodynamic antibacterial properties were obtained by coating PDA on the surface of in-situ growth Ti3C2@GNRs. GNRs growing on the surface of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets effectively prevented the aggregation of Ti3C2 nanosheets, which ensured the distinct photodynamic antibacterial performance of Ti3C2. In addition, the introduction of SH-PEG-CH3 to Ti3C2@GNRs nanosheets endowed Ti3C2@GNRs/PDA nanoparticles with good biocompatibility. Furthermore, Ti3C2@GNRs/PDA nanoparticles possessed synergistically enhanced photodynamic properties, caused by the remarkable photodynamic properties of Ti3C2 MXene and PDA. In addition, with the increase of PDA content, Ti3C2@GNRs/PDA nanoparticles could produce more 1O2 under 660 nm laser irradiation and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Ti3C2@GNRs/PDA50 nanoparticles against E. coli and S. aureus decreased to about 0.07 mg/mL. Thus, this work utilizes the 1O2-generating performance of Ti3C2 MXene and PDA to fabricate Ti3C2@GNRs/PDA nanoparticles with synergistically enhanced photodynamic antibacterial activities, which is expected to be applied in antibiotic-free antibacterial field.
Hypertension Contributes to Exacerbated Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology in Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Yeater Taylor D. , Griffith Jacob L. , Cruz Carlos J. , Patterson Folly M. , Aldrich Jessica L. , Allen Kyle D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a common comorbidity of osteoarthritis (OA) with known autonomic dysregulation; thus, the autonomic nervous system may provide a shared underlying mechanism. The objective of this study was to examine the role of the autonomic nervous system in a preclinical model of OA and hypertension.Methods: Experiments were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive rats and a normotensive control strain, including male and female rats. OA was surgically induced with skin incision used as a sham control (n=7-8/strain/sex/surgery). Tactile sensitivity, anxiety-related behavior, and serum corticosterone were measured at baseline then bi-weekly across 8 weeks. At week 9-10, cardiovascular responses to a chemical vagal nerve agonist were determined to indirectly evaluate vagus nerve function. Joint structure was assessed via grading of histological sections.Results: In males, OA resulted in thinner cartilage in both hypertensive (OA vs. non-OA p<0.001) and normotensive (OA vs. non-OA p<0.001). Only females with comorbid hypertension and OA displayed thinner cartilage (p=0.013). Male hypertensive OA animals had increased calcified subchondral bone compared to normotensive OA animals (p=0.043) while female hypertensive OA animals had increased calcified subchondral bone compared to hypertensive sham animals (p<0.001). Additionally, hypertension led to larger drops in blood pressure with vagal activation in both OA (hypertensive vs. normotensive p=0.018) and sham (hypertensive vs. normotensive p<0.001) male animals. In females, this trend held true only in OA animals (normotensive vs. hypertensive p=0.005).Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence that hypertension influences OA progression, and encourages further study into the autonomic nervous system as a possible mechanism.