bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankylosing Spondylitis PET Imaging and Quantifications via P2X7 Receptor-Targeting Radioligand [18F]GSK14260
Authors: Zhang Shiyanjin , Qiu Yifan , Huang Lihua , Bi Lei , Guo Yuanqing , You Ke , Huang Guolong , Wang Yuhan , Lu Hai , Jin Hongjun , Shan Hong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial spine that manifests with various clinical signs and symptoms; however, the quantitative detection of inflammation in AS remains a drawback in clinical settings. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a specific P2X7R-targeting 18F-labeled tracer [18F]GSK1482160 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the quantification of AS.
Methods
The radioligand [18F]GSK1482160 was obtained based on nucleophilic aromatic radiofluorination with [18F]fluoride. Dynamic [18F]GSK1482160 and [18F]FDG micro-PET/CT imaging were performed on AS mouse models and age-matched controls. Tracer kinetics modeling was performed using Logan graphical arterial input function analysis and Patlak models to quantify the in vivo expression of P2X7R and the influx rate of [18F]FDG, respectively. The post-PET tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemical (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining.
Results
The decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) of [18F]GSK1482160 was 20–30%; radiochemical purity, ≥ 98%; and molar activity, 55–85 GBq/µmol. [18F]GSK1482160 PET/CT imaging revealed that the specific binding in the ankle joint and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) of the AS group (BPNDankle = 13.75 ± 2.20, BPND SIJ = 15.87 ± 3.90) were significantly higher than that of the control group (BPNDankle = 0.14 ± 0.08, BPNDSIJ = 0.75 ± 0.48). In contrast, in [18F]FDG imaging, there was no significant difference in the uptake in the ankle joint and SIJ between the two groups. IHC and IF staining revealed that the overexpression of P2X7R was colocalized with activated macrophages from the ankle synovium and spinal endplate in mice with AS, indicating that quantification of P2X7R may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation in human AS.
Conclusion
This study developed a novel P2X7R-targeting PET tracer [18F]GSK1482160 to detect the expression of P2X7R in AS mouse models and provided a powerful non-invasive PET imaging and quantification for AS.
Multi-Responsive Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Vincristine: Design, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation
Authors: Far Bahareh Farasati , Omrani Mohsen , Naimi-Jamal Mohammad Reza , Javanshir Shahrzad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As medical research has progressed, the derivation and development of biological materials such as hydrogels have steadily gained more interest. The biocompatibility and non-toxicity of chitosan make chitosan hydrogels potential carriers for drug delivery. This work aims to develop two multi-reactive, safe and highly swellable bio-hydrogels consisting of chitosan-graft-glycerol (CS-g-gly) and carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-glycerol (CMCS-g-gly), for sustained and controlled drug release, improved bioavailability along with entrapment in nanocarriers, which reduces side effects of vincristine sulphate. CS-g-gly and CMCS-g-gly were successfully prepared and fully characterized using FT-IR, 1HNMR, FE-SEM, AFM, TGA, DLS, and zeta potential techniques. Under various conditions, the prepared hydrogels exhibited a high swelling ratio. Vincristine loaded CS-g-gly (VCR/CS-g-gly) and CMCS-g-gly (VCR/CMCS-g-gly) showed high encapsulation efficiency between 72.28–89.97%, and 56.97–71.91%, respectively. VCR/CS-g-gly showed a sustained release behavior, and the maximum release of VCR from hydrogels reached 82% after 120 h of incubation. MCF-7 and MCF-10 cells were evaluated for cell viability and apoptosis induction. The in-vitro anti-tumor efficacy was investigated using flow cytometry. MTT analysis of hydrogels showed no evidence of significant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MCF-10 cells. According to these findings, these hydrogels could effectively deliver drugs to MCF-7 and other breast cancer cells.
Deep Learning Methods in Web Intrusion Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Halim Hassan I. , Kholief Mohamed , Maghraby Fahima 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Web application and services are essential part of the internet. They automate many people activities such as purchasing goods, communica- tion, socialization, and political voting. Those applications are usually written and developed by programmers who might not be fully aware of cybersecurity aspects which leaves the applications vulnerable to web application attacks. The best way to mitigate such risks is to write secure code any add multi- ple security layers in the application architecture to ensure security in-depth, however, this comes with great cost and write perfectly secured source code is near to impossible. This is why researchers and engineers invented more exter- nal systems to help in protecting web applications and services, e.g., intrusion detection systems, firewalls, anti-fraud systems.
Despite the improvements such systems add to the application security stack, however more challenges came to the surface, ignoring these challenges might risk the entire setup and leave the environment in worse state (e.g., bad implementation of intrusion detection system can cause high false positive rates resulting in blocking users from executing transactions).
As the problem of intrusion detection is related to analysis of previous HTTP log to know discriminate normal traffic from malicious, machine and deep learning are playing profound role in solving many of intrusion detection problems.
In this survey article we provide systematic review of the recent develop- ments of applying deep learning methods in Web Intrusion Detection Systems (WIDS). The article starts by introduction of intrusion detection in both network and web environments and the difference between Anomaly based and signature based methods. Then we highlight the contribution, review meth- ods, and search strategy are discussed in follower sections. Then the reviewing selected papers and comparing their methods are introduced. Finally, the ar- ticle conclude with discussion section highlighting the future trends of WIDS research.
Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetes Center of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzughbi Najat , Oraibi Omar , Alzuhairi Najood Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is an important precursor of microangiopathic and macroangiopathic complications among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is more commonly associated with type 2 DM than with type 1 DM. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 DM.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients aged over 18 years with type 1 DM with a duration of more than 6 months treated in 2022 at the Diabetes Center of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Metabolic syndrome was detected using the modified criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III.
Results: Approximately 30.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.0%–36.0%) of the patients with type 1 DM had metabolic syndrome. The following factors were significantly and independently associated with metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 12.25; 95% CI = 5.9–15.27), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (OR = 9.56; 95% CI = 3.98–18.68), high triglyceride level (OR = 5.74; 95% CI = 2.54–10.89), high blood pressure (OR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.27–8.76), and poor blood glucose control based on the HbA1c level (OR = 4.38; 95% CI = 2.13–8.88). In addition, there was a direct relationship between metabolic syndrome and microangiopathic complications.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is common in patients with type 1 DM and is associated with microangiopathic complications.
Gallium-68-Labelled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor PET/CT in the clinical diagnosis and management of breast cancer: Comparison with [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Guo Wei , Xu Weizhi , Fan Chunlei , Fu Hao , Meng Tinghua , Pang Yizhen , Zhao Liang , Fu Li , Sun Long , Mi Yanjun , Huang Jingxiong , Chen Haojun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of gallium-68-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([68Ga]Ga-FAPI) PET/CT in primary and metastatic breast cancer and compare the results with those of standard-of-care imaging (SCI) and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. Methods Patients with diagnosed or suspected breast cancer who underwent concomitant [68Ga] Ga-FAPI (FAPI-46) and [18F]FDG PET/CT scans from October 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analysed. Breast ultrasound (US) imaging was performed in all treatment-naïve patients as SCI. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), tumour-to-background ratio (TBR), lesion detection rate, and tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) classifications between [68Ga]Ga-FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT were evaluated, and compared. Results Twenty-eight women (median age, 52.5 y; range, 28–80 y) were included. Among them, 5 patients underwent evaluation for a definitive diagnosis of suspected breast lesions, 9 underwent initial staging, and 14 were evaluated for the detection of recurrence. The sensitivities of breast US, [18F]FDG, and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for detecting primary breast tumours were 80%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. Regarding the diagnosis of recurrent/metastatic lesions, the per-lesion detection rate of [68Ga]Ga- FAPI PET/CT was significantly higher than that of [18F]FDG, which including local and regional recurrence (128 vs. 88), neck lymph node (LN) metastases (33 vs. 15), abdomen LN metastases (28 vs. 3), bone metastases (146 vs. 59), and liver metastases (28 vs. 11). Compared with [18F]FDG, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT upstaged five patients’ TNM staging/re-staging (7/27, 26%) and changed five patients’ clinical management (5/27, 19%). Compared to SCI, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI upstaged ten patients' TNM staging/re-staging (9/27, 33%) and changed the therapeutic regimen of seven patients (7/27, 26%). There was no significant association between FAPI-derived SUVmax and receptor status/histologic type in both primary and metastatic lesions. Conclusion [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT was superior to [18F]FDG in diagnosing primary and metastatic breast cancer, with higher radiotracer uptake and TBR, especially in the detection of primary/recurrent tumour, abdominal LN metastases, liver, and bone metastases. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT is superior to [18F]FDG and SCI in TNM staging and may improve tumour staging, recurrence detection, and implementation of necessary treatment modifications.
Natal colony influences age-specific movement patterns of the Yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis)
Authors: Souc Charly , Sadoul Nicolas , Blanchon Thomas , Vittecoq Marion , Pin Christophe , Vidal Eric , Mante Alain , Choquet Rémi , McCoy Karen D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: As for other life history traits, variation occurs in movement patterns with important impacts on population demography and community interactions. Individuals can show variation in the extent of seasonal movement patterns (or migration) or can change migratory routes among years. Internal factors, such as age or body condition, may strongly influence changes in movement patterns. Indeed, young individuals often tend to move across larger spatial scales compared to adults, but relatively few studies have investigated the proximate and ultimate factors driving such variation. This is particularly the case for seabirds in which the sub-adult period is long and difficult to follow. Here, we examine migration variation and the factors that affect it in a common Mediterranean seabird, the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis).
Methods: The data included the encounter histories of 5158 birds marked as fledglings between 1999 and 2004 at 14 different colonies in southern France and resighted over 10 years. Using a multi-event mark-recapture modeling framework, we used these data to estimate the probability of movement and survival, taking into account recapture heterogeneity and age.
Results: In accordance with previous studies, we found that young individuals had greater mobility than older individuals. However, the spatial extent of juvenile movements depended on natal colony location, with a strong difference in the proportion of sedentary individuals between colonies less than 50 km apart. Colony quality or local population dynamics may explain these differences. Indeed, young birds from colonies with strong juvenile survival probabilities (~0.75) appeared to be more sedentary than those from colonies with low survival probabilities (~0.36).
Conclusions: This study shows the importance of studying individuals of different ages and from different colonies when trying to understand seabird movement strategies. Local breeding success and the availability of food resources may explain part of the among colony differences we observed and require explicit testing. We discuss our results with respect to the feedback loop that may occur between breeding success and mobility, and its potential implications for population demography and the dissemination of avian disease at different spatial scales.
Impact of oral antiviral therapy against HCV on gut microbiota. A prospective study
Authors: Pinchera Biagio , Riccardo Scotto , Emanuela Zappulo , Riccardo Buonomo Antonio , Enrico Maraolo Alberto , Nicola Schiano Moriello , Giulio Viceconte , Letizia Cattaneo , Riccardo Villari , Flavia Gison , Francesca De Filippis , Danilo Ercolini , Ivan Gentile 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in physiological homeostasis as well as in pathologic conditions. Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases wordwide. The treatment of this infection has been revolutioned by the availability of direct-acting antiviral agent which guarantee high rate (about 95%) of viral clearance. Few studies have assessed the change in gut microbiota in patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents against HCV and many aspects still need to be clarified. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of antiviral therapy on gut microbiota. We enrolled patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease attending the Infectious Diseases Unit of the A.O.U. Federico II of Naples, from January 2017 to March 2018, treated with DAAs. For each patient, a fecal sample was collected and analyzed for the assessment of the microbial diversity before the start of therapy and by SVR12 time. We exluded patients who received antibiotics in the last 6 months. Twelve patients were enrolled (6 male, 8 genotype 1 (1 subtype 1a), 4 genotype 2). Fibrosis score were F0 in 1 patient, F2 in 1 patient, F3 in 4 patients and cirrhosis in the remaining 6 (all in Child-Pugh class A). All were treated with DAAs for 12 weeks (5 with Paritaprevir-Ombitasvir-Ritonavir-Dasabuvir, 3 with Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir, 1 with Sofosbuvir-Ribavirin, 1 with Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir, 1 with Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir) and 100% achieved SVR12. In all patients, we observed a trend in reduction of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (i.e. Enterobacteriaceae). Furthermore, a trend of increase in α-diversity was observed in patients by SVR12 compared to baseline. This trend was markedly more evident in patients without liver cirrhosis than in those with cirrhosis. Our study shows that viral eradication obtained with DAA is associated with a trend in restoring the heterogeneity of α-diversity and in reducing the percentage of potentially pathogenic microbial species, although this benefit is less evident in patients with cirrhosis. Further studies with larger sample size are necessary to confirm these data.
A Green DES for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Li Pengfei , Dong Cuihua , Pang Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, a DES system composed of benzoic acid (BA) and choline chloride (ChCl) was fabricated, and successfully applied to the lignocellulose fractionation. The DES has low toxicity and little pollution. In this system, 67.8% of lignin and 91.2% of hemicellulose were removed, leaving 95.8% of cellulose intact as solid residue. Due to the removal of the amorphous components, crystallinity of CRS substantially increased from 55.6–68.6%, and CRS was used as feedstock for nanocrystalline cellulose preparation with excellent properties. The results showed that the obtained lignin had similar properties to MWL by GPC, FT-IR, 2D-NMR and TGA. A high-purity lignin rich in G units was recovered with a well-preserved structure, which has β-O-4 linkage content up to 53.01%, low molecular weight, low polydispersity (1.99). This study demonstrated that BA is suitable for DES design with excellent properties on lignin extraction, and this promising DES enable efficient pretreatment for economically feasible biomass conversion.
Integrating stratified best-worst method and GIS for landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study in Erzurum province (Turkey)
Authors: KONURHAN ZEKERİYA , Yucesan Melih , Gul Muhammet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Landslides are among the most destructive geological disasters that seriously damage human life and infrastructures. Landslides mostly occur in mountainous regions around the world. One of the key processes to reduce these damages is to uncover landslide-exposed areas through different data-driven methods such as Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). In the literature, there are many studies developed with these fundamental tools. In this study, unlike the literature, a new landslide susceptibility assessment model is proposed by integrating GIS with the stratified best-worst method (S-BWM). This model has four main dimensions and 16 sub-dimensions under topography, environment-land, location and hydrological factors, which are weighted with the S-BWM. Considering the different states that may arise in the importance weights of these dimensions in the future, a network was created. The transition probabilities of these states were predicted and injected into the classical BWM. Then maps were created for these dimensions and classifications were made for each sub-dimension according to the map characteristics. Finally, the most susceptive landslide locations were determined with GIS-based calculations. To demonstrate the model's applicability, a case study was conducted for the Erzurum region, one of Turkey's landslide-prone regions. In addition, besides the landslide map, an analysis and discussion about the spatial distribution of susceptibility classes was presented, contributing to the study's robustness.
Joint Policy for Virtual Network Embeddingin Distributed SDN-Enabled Cloud
Authors: Bouchair Abderrahim , Yagoubi Belabbas , Makhlouf Sid Amed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Virtualization (NV) has been devised as one of the key bases of operativecloud systems. Commonly, Cloud Providers (CPs) seek to design their networkpolicy, especially in a distributed environment. Virtual Network Embedding(VNE) is a functional tool granted by the NV technologies that allow theCPs to manage their physical resources based on the received Virtual Networks(VNs). This paper focuses on the context when a given Virtual NetworkRequest (VNRs) needs to be shared among multiple Data Center Networks(DCNs). The proposed VNE solution executes a two-stage policy where at thefirst stage, the DCNs and VNRs have been managed through a greedy methodto solve the assignment problem. Then, we perform a greedy load-balancingalgorithm to accomplish the VNR mapping stage. The simulation results provedthat the proposed two methods outperformed the compared similar techniques.
A Reevaluation of Selected Mortality Risks in the Updated NCI/NIOSH Acrylonitrile Cohort Study
Authors: Marsh Gary , Kruchten Adam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives To determine whether the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) recent suggestion of associations between acrylonitrile (AN) exposure and mortality from lung and bladder cancer and pneumonitis is robust to alternative methods of data analysis. Materials and Methods We used the Richardson method to indirectly adjust RRs in relation to AN exposure for potential confounding by smoking and asbestos. We repeated key analyses omitting workers from Plant 4 to account for possible local, historical shipyard-related asbestos exposures. Results Adjustment of lung cancer RRs for confounding by both smoking and asbestos and omitting Plant 4 workers yielded mostly decreased RRs and much less evidence of a positive association with cumulative AN exposure. Conclusions Overall, our reanalysis provided little evidence to support NCI’s suggestion of associations between AN exposure and mortality from lung and bladder cancer and pneumonitis.
Expert- Independent Initial Weights Assignment Technique for Learning Fuzzy Cognitive Map With Hebbian Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jiya Eli Adama , Bakpo Francis S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are single layer neural network-like Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm which can be used as a tool for modelling dynamic systems in a graphical cause-effect relationships form. Though a powerful tool, FCM do not always converge to a desired state but relies on other learning algorithms to find connection matrix that will lead the system to a stable state. Of the various algorithms for learning FCM connection matrix, Hebbian variants are the earliest and simplest. However, they depend on human experts for initial weight matrix before they can be applied or learning commences. So without human experts, these algorithms are limited and even with availability of human expert, the weights could be a result of experts’ subjective opinion or limited knowledge of the system. This paper present scientific method and algorithm for finding initial weight from node activation values and guide in the choice of map density. This allow application of Hebbian learning algorithms without human experts and a multi-map and multi-density Hebbian Learning solution of FCM which may provide optimal solution than single map expert initial map
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LKB1 expression in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Guojiang , Liu Baiying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The relationship between Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression and clinicopathological parameters of patients with gastric cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis investigated this relationship and re-evaluated the prognostic significance of LKB1.
On November 22, 2021, relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wan Fang. STATA 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used to analyze the data. Eleven studies involving 1,767 patients with gastric cancer were included in the meta-analysis. Baseline data, including sex and age, were not significant. Nonetheless, via pooled data, LKB1 expression was confirmed to be significantly related to tumor size (odds ratio [OR]=0.515; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.316–0.839; P=0.008), degree of differentiation (OR=0.643; 95% CI: 0.521–0.794; P<0.001), depth of invasion (OR=0.397; 95% CI: 0.319–0.494; P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.487; 95% CI: 0.397–0.598; P=0.01),and TNM stage (OR=0.362; 95% CI: 0.293–0.447; P=0.006). High LKB1 expression was correlated with favorable overall survival (OS) [one-year OS (OR=0.247; 95% CI: 0.152–0.404; P<0.001), three-year OS (OR=0.355; 95% CI: 0.228–0.553; P<0.001), five-year OS (OR=0.291; 95% CI: 0.185–0.456; P<0.001)]. LKB1 expression is a potential signature for predicting the survival and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.