bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder
Authors: Jensen E. , Linnet J. , Holmberg T. , Tarp K. , Nielsen J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBinge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent specific eating disorder. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and is associated with feelings of shame and a lack of control. Internet-based treatments are gaining increasing attention as a way to reach more patients with evidence based treatments In 2020 we conducted a preliminary analysis on the effectiveness of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy treatment project (Jensen ES, Linnet, J, Holmberg TT, Tarp K, Nielsen JH, Lichtenstein MB. Effectiveness of internet-based guided self-help for binge-eating disorder and characteristics of completers versus noncompleters. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23384).ObjectivesThis study aims to update the analyses on treatment effect with the patients who have completed treatment in the year following the last data extraction.MethodsThe iBED treatment project is a 10-session psychologist guided internet-based self-help program based on cognitive behavioural therapy. When applying for treatment and upon completion patients respond to a survey containing, among other scales, the eating disorder examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q), binge eating disorder-questionnaire (BED-Q) and various sociodemographic questions. Data will be extracted from the treatment project in anonymized form for analyses.ResultsThe preliminary analyses were conducted on 36 completers. These showed large standardized effect sizes on both the EDE-Q subscales (Cohens d ranging from .88-1.65) and on the BED-Q (d = 1.38). The updated effectiveness analyses will be presented at the conference. We expect approximately 70-80 patients to have completed treatment at this time.ConclusionsResults will be discussed and presented at the conference.
Evidence-based therapeutic management of binge-eating disorder
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBinge-eating disorder (BED) is a difficult-to-manage clinical entity, that may associate both organic (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome) and psychiatric (e.g., anxiety, mood, or substance use disorders) co-morbidity. Psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches are usually combined in order to reach the best outcome for these patients, but the disorder seems to have prolonged evolution even under appropriate therapeutic managment.ObjectivesTo evaluate the most evidence-based therapies focused on BED.MethodsA literature review was conducted through main electronic databases, and papers published between January 2000 and August 2020 were included in the analysis.ResultsCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is supported by multiple trials, and it led to decreased number of binge episodes and increased rates of remission. Behavioral activation may improve certain symptoms of BED (depressive mood, anxiety), but not the binge episodes frequency. Interpersonal group therapy (IPT) may be helpful for BED patients with an external locus of control and significant interpersonal dificulties. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has been applied in BED patients, but the results have been inconclusive. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is the only FDA approved drug for this indication, as dasotraline was rejected by FDA and its research discontinued by the manufacturer. Fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine, bupropion, atomoxetine, reboxetine, armodafinil, disulfiram, baclofen, zonisamide, lamotrigine, topiramate, samidorphan, liraglutid, and orlistat need more trials in order to validate their efficacy, especially on long term.ConclusionsThere is only one drug currently FDA approved for this indication, lisdexamfetamine, and a number of psychotherapies, with CBT and IPT being the most supported by evidence.
What drives the excess of physical exercise observed in patients with anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Lodovico L. Di , Hatteea H. , Couton C. , Duriez P. , Treasure J. , Gorwood P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness characterized by weight reducing strategies such as food restriction, purging behaviours and excessive physical exercise. The persistence of physical exercise despite underweight and its maintaining factors are poorly understood.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the attitudes towards physical exercise and its effects on mood, body image perception and cognitive functioning in patients with AN, and to assess if these effects are associated with trait, or state.MethodsEighty-eight patients with AN, 30 unaffected relatives and 89 healthy controls were compared about their attitudes towards three aspects of physical exercise, namely the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and a standardized effort test. Evaluations of positive and negative affects, cognitive rigidity and body image distortion were repeated at baseline and after the effort test to assess for correlations between the exercise measures and exercise-induced modifications in the three groups.ResultsPatients with AN showed higher scores on the EDS, the GLTEQ and used more effort in the standardized effort test (p<.05). These three aspects of physical exercise correlated with baseline negative emotions (p<.01). AN patients and unaffected relatives, but not controls, showed a marked emotional improvement after physical exercise (p<.01).ConclusionsExcessive physical exercise seems a trait-associated feature of AN, driven by a state-related effect of physical exercise on emotional wellbeing. The mood-related drive for physical exercise has the characteristics of an endophenotype in the patients of the present sample.
Personal and clinical traits in adolescents, diagnosed with «anorexia nervosa»
Authors: Balakireva E. , Zvereva N. , Voronova S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEating disorders are among the most common mental health problems. The prevalence of diseases in this circle is 1-2% of the population; in adolescents - 1%. There is a significant “rejuvenation” of eating disorders with the appearance anorexia nervosa cases in preschool and primary school age. The prevalence of such disorders among adolescents is a significant reason for detailed and comprehensive study of the issue. Many factors lead to development of eating disorders: genetic predisposition, family background, socio-cultural factors, life experience. We suggested that due to many mutually overlapping factors in the syndrome of anorexia nervosa, there may also be distortions of personality characteristics, sometimes reaching the level of personality disorders.Objectivesassessment of personality feachers 34 patients with leading diagnosis of F-50.0 (ICD-10) were examined in FSBSI MHRC (inpatient treatment/outpatient observation). All adolescents received drug therapy.MethodsThe study was carried out using modern pathopsychological methods with the inclusion of research questionnaires aimed at identifying personal pathology (LoPF 12-18, AIDA).ResultsDuring the research, the following personality traits were revealed: perfectionism, the desire to correspond to a certain ideal image of oneself, instability of Ego, unstable identity violations; reduced ability to form a picture of the future and themselves in the future; also showed a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances.ConclusionsThus, the general for all patients with diagnosed disorder was persistent refusal to eat (up to dystrophy), distortion of Ego, characteristic of personality disorders were also observed. Further studies are required to obtain a more detailed picture and clarify the prognostic outcome.
Sociodemographic and clinical profiles comparison in an acute hospital unit after a decade (2006-2007 vs 2017-2018)
Authors: Peraire M. , Guinot C. , Villar M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt has been recently proposed that diagnoses traditionally framed in axis II of the DSM and diseases related to the elderly are progressively replacing serious mental illness in acute inpatient wards.ObjectivesTo study the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients in an acute psychiatric unit, and to compare them between a ten-year period.MethodsObservational, descriptive, and retrospective study that analyzes the data recorded in the discharge reports from the acute ward of the Hospital Provincial de Castellón.ResultsAmong the studied patients, we found statistically significant differences regarding gender, age, readmission rate, and stay duration between the two periods. In the most recent one (2017-18), more women and elderly have entered, with shorter stays and fewer readmissions. In both periods, the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses are by far serious mental illness (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). By grouping the diagnoses into five broad categories (serious mental illness, dementias, personality disorders, drug misuse, and others), we found significant differences in their distribution. Lately, more personality disorders and dementias were admitted as the main diagnosis, while serious mental illness and substance use disorders increased their prevalence as accessory diagnoses.ConclusionsThe research carried out allows us to conclude that the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients admitted to an acute unit is changing. It would be advisable to investigate the causes that motivate it and modify the devices to adapt to this new reality.
On the relation between a green and bright window view and length of hospital stay in affective disorders
Authors: Mascherek Anna , Weber Sandra , Riebandt Kevin , Cassanello Carlos , Leicht Gregor , Brick Timothy , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe salutary effect of window views on greenery for inpatients in hospitals on length of stay and recovery rate has been repeatedly shown, however, not for psychiatric inpatients. The study assessed the association between a window view on green trees or man-made objects and brightness of the room on length of stay in a sample of psychiatric inpatients from one clinic.MethodsData records of 244 psychiatric inpatients (mean age in years 41.8; SD = 11.8; 59.8% female, length of stay varying between 7 and 100 days) that were admitted between May 2013 and October 2018 with affective disorders were examined. Window view was assessed with images taken from each room and classified into showing man-made objects or green trees. The percentage of green within each image was also calculated as greenness of the view. Brightness was assessed with a luxmeter.ResultsAlthough no effect was found for the dichotomous measures (man-made objects vs. green trees), a suppression effect emerged for percentage of green and brightness. The results indicate that both greenness of the window view as well as brightness significantly reduce length of stay in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders.ConclusionsThe suppression effect likely results from the characteristics of the windows; the greenest rooms also being the darkest. Due to the infrastructure of the ward, greenness and brightness came at the expense of each other. The results generally support the importance of a view into greenery and natural sunlight for recovery.
Predictive Modeling of Survival and Toxicity in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Radiotherapy
Authors: Chamseddine Ibrahim , Kim Yejin , De Brian , El Naqa Issam , Duda Dan G. , Wolfgang John , Pursley Jennifer , Paganetti Harald , Wo Jennifer , Hong Theodore , Koay Eugene J. , Grassberger Clemens 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE To stratify patients and aid clinical decision making, we developed machine learning models to predict treatment failure and radiation-induced toxicities after radiotherapy (RT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma across institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The models were developed using linear and nonlinear algorithms, predicting survival, nonlocal failure, radiation-induced liver disease, and lymphopenia from baseline patient and treatment parameters. The models were trained on 207 patients from Massachusetts General Hospital. Performance was quantified using Harrell's c-index, area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy in high-risk populations. Models' structures were optimized in a nested cross-validation approach to prevent overfitting. A study analysis plan was registered before external validation using 143 patients from MD Anderson Cancer Center. Clinical utility was assessed using net-benefit analysis. RESULTS The survival model stratified high-risk versus low-risk patients well in the external validation cohort (c-index = 0.75), better than existing risk scores. Predictions of 1-year survival and nonlocal failure were excellent (external AUC = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively), especially in the high-risk group (accuracy > 90%). Cause-of-death analysis showed differential modes of treatment failure in these cohorts and indicated that these models could be used to stratify RT patients for liver-sparing treatment regimen or combination approaches with systemic agents. Predictions of liver disease and lymphopenia were good but less robust (external AUC = 0.68 and 0.7, respectively), suggesting the need for more comprehensive consideration of dosimetry and better predictive biomarkers. The liver disease model showed excellent accuracy in the high-risk group (92%) and revealed possible interactions of platelet count with initial liver function. CONCLUSION Machine learning approaches can provide reliable outcome predictions in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after RT in diverse cohorts across institutions. The excellent performance, particularly in high-risk patients, suggests novel strategies for patient stratification and treatment selection.
Optimizing Utilization of Blood Products in the Hematologic Malignancy Clinic: Less Is More
Authors: Binder Adam F. , Loos Katy , Xu Alexander , Peedin Alexis R. , Gergis Usama , Karp Julie Katz , Wilde Lindsay 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE: There are no universal guidelines for blood product transfusions in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs). Excess utilization of platelet and RBC transfusion in patients with HM increases the cost of care and likelihood of adverse events. We aim to decrease the total number of transfused units and multiunit orders of platelets and RBCs in the HM clinic by 25% from March 2020 to December 2020. METHODS: A multidisciplinary, interprofessional team was formed. Baseline rates of blood product utilization were determined using Qlik Analytic software. Strategies to improve utilization were developed, and three interventions were initiated. Data were collected on monthly intervals. Data for total number of platelet and RBC units ordered, total multiunit orders, average number of units ordered per encounter, and pretransfusion hemoglobin thresholds were collected from May 2019 to December 2020. RESULTS: Through our Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles from March 2020 to December 2020, the total number of platelet transfusion orders per month decreased from 164 to 98, multiunit platelet orders decreased from 63 to 2, and the average number of platelet transfusions per encounter decreased from 1.62 to 1.03. The total number of RBC transfusion orders decreased from 172 to 141, multiunit RBC orders decreased from 25 to 16, and the average number of RBC transfusions per encounter decreased from 1.21 to 1.18. CONCLUSION: Implementation of our multidisciplinary interventions led to more appropriate use of blood products in the outpatient setting. Ongoing efforts are underway to continue to improve utilization in the inpatient and outpatient setting.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lu Jingru , Liu Xiaoshuang , Jiang Song , Kan Shuyan , An Yu , Zheng Chunxia , Li Xiang , Liu Zhihong , Xie Guotong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
The associations of obesity and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes are inconsistent in observational studies, and causality remains unclear.

Objective
To explore the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on DN, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria in type 2 diabetes by a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods
A total of 56 genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables for BMI in 158 284 participants from BioBank Japan, and their effects on DN risk, eGFR, and proteinuria were estimated in 3972 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Then, sex-stratified MR analysis was performed between BMI and DN. We selected generalized summary MR analysis as the primary method and 6 other robust methods to test MR assumptions.

Results
One SD increase in BMI was causally associated with higher DN risk [odds ratio (OR) 3.76, 95% CI 1.88-7.53, P &lt; 0.001] and lower eGFR level (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.86, P &lt; 0.001). However, BMI was not causally associated with proteinuria (P = 0.22). Sex-stratified analyses indicated the causal effect of BMI on DN was stronger in women (OR 14.81, 95% CI 2.67-82.05, P = 0.002) than in men (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.18-10.27, P = 0.02). Sensitivity analyses did not show evidence for violation of the MR assumptions.

Conclusions
Genetic evidence showed that higher BMI levels were causally associated with increased risk of DN and decreased eGFR levels. Moreover, the increase in BMI level had a greater impact on DN risk in women.
Long-term Hyperandrogenemia and/or Western-style Diet in Rhesus Macaque Females Impairs Preimplantation Embryogenesis
Authors: Ravisankar Sweta , Murphy Melinda J , Redmayne-Titley Nash , Davis Brett , Luo Fangzhou , Takahashi Diana , Hennebold Jon D , Chavez Shawn L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hyperandrogenemia and obesity are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, but it is currently unclear how each alone or in combination contribute to reproductive dysfunction and female infertility. To distinguish the individual and combined effects of hyperandrogenemia and an obesogenic diet on ovarian function, prepubertal female rhesus macaques received a standard control (C) diet, testosterone (T) implants, an obesogenic Western-style diet (WSD), or both (T + WSD). After 5 to 6 years of treatment, the females underwent metabolic assessments and controlled ovarian stimulations. Follicular fluid (FF) was collected for steroid and cytokine analysis and the oocytes fertilized in vitro. Although the T + WSD females exhibited higher insulin resistance compared to the controls, there were no significant differences in metabolic parameters between treatments. Significantly higher concentrations of CXCL-10 were detected in the FF from the T group, but no significant differences in intrafollicular steroid levels were observed. Immunostaining of cleavage-stage embryos revealed multiple nuclear abnormalities in the T, WSD, and T + WSD groups. Single-cell DNA sequencing showed that while C embryos contained primarily euploid blastomeres, most cells in the other treatment groups were aneuploid. Despite yielding a higher number of mature oocytes, T + WSD treatment resulted in significantly reduced blastocyst formation rates compared to the T group. RNA sequencing analysis of individual blastocysts showed differential expression of genes involved in critical implantation processes between the C group and other treatments. Collectively, we show that long-term WSD consumption reduces the capacity of fertilized oocytes to develop into blastocysts and that the addition of T further impacts gene expression and embryogenesis.
Development and characterization of cell models harbouring mtDNA deletions for in vitro study of Pearson syndrome
Authors: Hernández-Ainsa Carmen , López-Gallardo Ester , García-Jiménez María Concepción , Climent-Alcalá Francisco José , Rodríguez-Vigil Carmen , García Fernández de Villalta Marta , Artuch Rafael , Montoya Julio , Ruiz-Pesini Eduardo , Emperador Sonia 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Pearson syndrome is a rare multisystem disease caused by single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions (SLSMDs). The syndrome presents early in infancy and is mainly characterised by refractory sideroblastic anaemia. Prognosis is poor and treatment is supportive, thus the development of new models for the study of Pearson syndrome and new therapy strategies is essential. In this work, we report three different cell models carrying an SLMSD: fibroblasts, transmitochondrial cybrids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All studied models exhibited an aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure and defective oxidative phosphorylation system function, showing a decrease in different parameters, such as mitochondrial ATP, respiratory complex IV activity and quantity or oxygen consumption. Despite this, iPSCs harbouring ‘common deletion’ were able to differentiate into three germ layers. Additionally, cybrid clones only showed mitochondrial dysfunction when heteroplasmy level reached 70%. Some differences observed among models may depend on their metabolic profile; therefore, we consider that these three models are useful for the in vitro study of Pearson syndrome, as well as for testing new specific therapies.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Enforced tethering elongates the cortical endoplasmic reticulum and limits store-operated Ca2+ entry
Authors: Henry Christopher , Carreras-Sureda Amado , Demaurex Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Recruitment of STIM proteins to cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER) domains forming membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway essential for human immunity. The cER is dynamically regulated by STIM and tethering proteins during SOCE, but the ultrastructural rearrangement and functional consequences of cER remodeling are unknown. Here, we express natural (E-Syt1 and E-Syt2) and artificial (MAPPER-S and MAPPER-L) protein tethers in HEK-293T cells and correlate the changes in cER length and gap distance, as measured by electron microscopy, with ionic fluxes. We found that native cER cisternae extended during store depletion and remained elongated at a constant ER-plasma membrane (PM) gap distance during subsequent Ca2+ elevations. Tethering proteins enhanced store-dependent cER expansion, anchoring the enlarged cER at tether-specific gap distances of 12-15 nm (E-Syts) and 5-9 nm (MAPPERs). Cells with artificially extended cER had reduced SOCE and reduced agonist-induced Ca2+ release. SOCE remained modulated by calmodulin and exhibited enhanced Ca2+-dependent inhibition. We propose that cER expansion mediated by ER-PM tethering at a close distance negatively regulates SOCE by confining STIM-ORAI complexes to the periphery of enlarged cER sheets, a process that might participate in the termination of store-operated Ca2+ entry.