bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postactivation Performance Enhancement of Amateur Boxers’ Punch Force and Neuromuscular Performance Following 2 Upper-Body Conditioning Activities
Authors: Finlay Mitchell J. , Bridge Craig A. , Greig Matt , Page Richard M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of upper-body punch-specific isometric (ISO) and elastic resistance (ER) conditioning activities (CAs) on the punch force and neuromuscular performance of amateur boxers. Methods: Ten male senior elite amateur boxers (19.7 [1.2]| y; height 180.9 [7.0] cm; mass 78.7 [9.6] kg) visited the laboratory on 4 separate occasions. Initially, the participants performed baseline physical tests comprising bench-press 1-repetition maximum and countermovement jumps. On the other 3 occasions, the boxers performed maximal punches against a vertically mounted force plate and maximal countermovement jumps prior to and following an ISO or ER CA, as well as a control trial. Results: No interactions between CA × time were found in all performance variables. As observed by mean changes, effect sizes, and signal:noise ratio, both the ISO and ER, but not the control trial, consistently produced small to moderate, worthwhile increases in punch force and rate of force development, with the greatest increases in performance typically observed in the ISO trial. No meaningful improvements were observed in countermovement jump performance in all trials, indicative of a localized postactivation performance enhancement effect. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ISO and ER CAs may be implemented in an amateur boxers’ warm-up to acutely enhance punch-force variables, although the ISO punch appears to be the superior CA to improve punch-specific performance. The CAs used in the present study may also be relevant to other combat sports inclusive of a striking element.
Cardiopulmonary capacity and muscle strength in transgender women on long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alvares Leonardo Azevedo Mobilia , Santos Marcelo Rodrigues , Souza Francis Ribeiro , Santos Lívia Marcela , Mendonça Berenice Bilharinho de , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Alves Maria Janieire Nazaré Nunes , Domenice Sorahia 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveFor transgender women (TW) on oestrogen therapy, the effects of prior exposure to testosterone during puberty on their performance, mainly cardiopulmonary capacity (CPC), while exerting physical effort are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate CPC and muscle strength in TW undergoing long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with 15 non-athlete TW (34.2±5.2 years old), 14 cisgender men (CM) and 13 cisgender women (CW). The TW received hormone therapy for 14.4±3.5 years. Bioimpedance, the hand grip test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill with an incremental effort were performed.ResultsThe mean VO2peak (ml/min) was 2606±416.9 in TW, 2167±408.8 in CW and 3358±436.3 in CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05; TW vs CM, p<0.0001; CW vs CM, p<0.0001). The VO2peak/fat-free mass (ml/kg/min) was 47.3±5.1 in TW, 53.3±8.3 in CW, and 52.4±5.8 in CM (TW vs CW p>0.05; TW vs CM p>0.05; CW vs CM p>0.05). The O2 pulse in TW was between that in CW and CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05, TW vs CM, p<0.0001). There was a high correlation between VO2peak and fat-free mass/height2among TW (r=0.7388; p<0.01), which was not observed in the other groups. The mean strength (kg) was 35.3±5.4 in TW, 29.7±3.6 in CW and 48.4±6.7 in CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05; TW vs CM, p<0.0001); however, adjusted for fat-free mass there was no difference between TW (0.6±0.1) and CW (0.7±0.9; p<0.05).ConclusionAbsolute CPC in non-athlete TW showed an intermediate pattern between that in CW and CM; however, relative CPC adjusted for fat-free mass showed no difference between TW and CW or CM. Similarly, the mean strength in non-athlete TW was higher than those in non-athlete CW but not when adjusted for fat-free mass.
Patterns of multimorbidity in community health centres in Shanghai, China: a retrospective, cross-sectional study based on outpatient data from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Jin Hua , Wang Zhaoxin , Guo Aizhen , Zhang Hanzhi , Liu Wei , Zhu Yuqin , Hua Ming , Shi Jianjun , Shi Jianwei , Yu Dehua 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveCaring for patients with multimorbidity is an important part of primary care. It has become increasingly relevant that understanding the spectrum of multimorbidity will help general practitioners (GPs) acquire working knowledge and improve management skills. However, there was little research on characteristics of multimorbidity in primary care in China. This study aimed to identify the spectrum of frequency, proportion and ranking of multimorbidity patterns in adult patients seen at community health centres (CHCs) in Shanghai, China.Design and settingThis was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study analysis of outpatient data of 244 CHCs in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsAdult patients with chronic disease who visited Shanghai CHCs during 2014–2018 were selected from Shanghai CHC electronic medical records database using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes matched to the Second Version of International Classification of Primary Care codes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA number of adult patients with chronic disease were counted. Then frequency, proportion and rank of disease patterns of multimorbidity were analysed.ResultsAnalysis of 301 651 158 electronic health records of 5 909 280 adult patients (54.2% females) found the multimorbidity proportion to be 81.2%. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, which climbed from 43.7% among those aged 19–34 to 94.9% among those more than 80 years of age. The proportion of multimorbidity was higher in females (83.2%) than males (79.7%). Vascular and metabolic diseases were the most frequent diseases for patients over 45 years old.ConclusionsMultimorbidity has brought huge challenges to primary care practice in Shanghai. The Shanghai government should strengthen its support for the multitargeted prevention of chronic diseases and the improvement of GPs’ management capabilities.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia using respondent-driven sampling (RDS)
Authors: Pham Phuong N , Keegan Katrina , Johnston Lisa Grazina , Rodas Jose , Restrepo Maria Alejandra , Wei Carol , Vinck Patrick 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo determine factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures, related symptoms and testing, as well as pandemic-related income loss among Venezuelan refugee and migrant adults in urban and border areas of Colombia.DesignPhone-based respondent-driven samplingSettingBogotá and Norte de Santander, Colombia.Participants605 adult Venezuelan refugees and migrants residing in Bogotá (n=305) and Norte de Santander (n=300), who arrived in Colombia after 2014 and completed the survey in August and September 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFull COVID-19 compliance (vs incomplete or no compliance), any COVID-19-related symptoms (vs none) and income loss due to isolation measures in Colombia (vs no income change or increase in income).ResultsOlder age was associated with lower odds of compliance with physical distancing measures (0.94, 0.90–0.99; p=0.01) for those in Bogotá. Nearly 15% of refugees and migrants in both locations (81 of 605) experienced at least one symptom consistent with COVID-19. Having a health condition was associated with higher odds of experiencing COVID-19-related symptoms in Bogotá (4.00, 1.22–13.06; p=0.02) and Norte de Santander (6.99, 1.95–24.99; p=0.003). Around 8% in both locations (48 of 605) were tested for COVID-19. Around 90% in both locations (537 of 605) had trouble earning an income after the introduction of isolation measures, and the median reported monthly income decreased by half in Bogotá and by 30% in Norte de Santander. A higher level of education (3.46, 1.02–11.75; p=0.05) was associated with higher odds of income loss among participants in Norte de Santander.ConclusionsResults indicate high compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures, low testing rates and high pandemic-related income loss among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia. This study provides insights into a hard-to-reach refugee and migrant population in Colombia; additional study on the effects of the pandemic on hidden populations is warranted.
The Copenhagen Actinic Keratosis Study (COAKS). A decentralised clinical trial to evaluate tolerability, safety and efficacy of daily field-directed topical treatment with cytosolic phospholipase A2inhibitor, AVX001, in participants with actinic keratosis: protocol for a randomised controlled phase I/IIa trial
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Johansen Berit , Kilov Kim , Castillo Mondragón Alejandro , Duvold Tore , Kihl Jesper , Ashcroft Felicity J , Feuerherm Astrid J , Pind Laugesen Charlotte , Marcker Espersen Maiken Lise , Manole Ionela , Isberg Ari Pall , Andersen Anders Daniel , Rakvaag Elin , Zibert John R , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionActinic keratosis (AK) is the most common precancerous skin condition caused by long-term UV exposure. Given the high recurrence rate of 15%–53%, identifying safe and effective treatment options is warranted. AVX001, a cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) enzyme inhibitor, is a novel anti-inflammatory drug for field-directed, self-administered, topical therapy of AK.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-centre, randomised, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group hybrid clinical trial in adults with multiple AK lesions Olsen grade 1 or 2. The hybrid design combines decentralised participant tasks and assessments with conventional in-clinic visits. Recruitment using targeted advertising on social media and eligibility prescreening are conducted via the Studies&Me online recruitment platform. Participants (n=60) are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms: AVX001 gel 1%, AVX001 gel 3% or vehicle gel. The trial consists of a 4-week treatment period with daily field-directed topical application of the gel and an 8-week follow-up period. Participants attend in-clinic visits at baseline, week 4 and week 12. The remote participant trial tasks include questionnaires and upload of smartphone-obtained photos of the treated skin area using a study-specific web-based app. Both remote and in-clinic assessments of safety and efficacy will be performed. The primary objective is to evaluate the local tolerability of daily application of AVX001 gel (1% or 3%) compared with vehicle gel. Secondary objectives include safety, efficacy, dose–response efficacy relationship, treatment satisfaction and cosmetic outcome. Exploratory objectives include evaluations of tolerability and efficacy assessed by dermatologists using smartphone photos uploaded by participants, comparisons of in-clinic and remote assessments and assessment of AK-related skin changes by non-invasive optical imaging.Ethics and disseminationApproved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-21018064) and the Danish Medicines Agency (2021032485). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numbers2021-000934-32;NCT05164393.
Unravelling the reservoirs for colonisation of infants with Campylobacter spp. in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a longitudinal study during a global pandemic and political tensions
Authors: Havelaar Arie H , Brhane Mussie , Ahmed Ibsa Abdusemed , Kedir Jafer , Chen Dehao , Deblais Loic , French Nigel , Gebreyes Wondwossen A , Hassen Jemal Yousuf , Li Xiaolong , Manary Mark J , Mekuria Zelealem , Ibrahim Abdulmuen Mohammed , Mummed Bahar , Ojeda Amanda , Rajashekara Gireesh , Roba Kedir Teji , Saleem Cyrus , Singh Nitya , Usmane Ibsa Aliyi , Yang Yang , Yimer Getnet , McKune Sarah 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionUndernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for Campylobacter bacteria, which are recognised as risk factors for child malnutrition. Increasing livestock production may be beneficial for improving nutrition of children but these benefits may be negated by increased exposure to Campylobacter and research is needed to evaluate the complex pathways of Campylobacter exposure and infection applicable to low-income and middle-income countries. We aim to identify reservoirs of infection with Campylobacter spp. of infants in rural Eastern Ethiopia and evaluate interactions with child health (environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting) in the context of their sociodemographic environment.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal study involves 115 infants who are followed from birth to 12 months of age and are selected randomly from 10 kebeles of Haramaya woreda, East Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based information is obtained on demographics, livelihoods, wealth, health, nutrition and women empowerment; animal ownership/management and diseases; and water, sanitation and hygiene. Faecal samples are collected from infants, mothers, siblings and livestock, drinking water and soil. These samples are analysed by a range of phenotypic and genotypic microbiological methods to characterise the genetic structure of the Campylobacter population in each of these reservoirs, which will support inference about the main sources of exposure for infants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Florida Internal Review Board (IRB201903141), the Haramaya University Institutional Health Research Ethics Committee (COHMS/1010/3796/20) and the Ethiopia National Research Ethics Review Committee (SM/14.1/1059/20). Written informed consent is obtained from all participating households. Research findings will be disseminated to stakeholders through conferences and peer-reviewed journals and through the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems.
Impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Niger: a modelling study evaluating alternative rotavirus vaccines
Authors: Debellut Frédéric , Tang Kevin , Clark Andrew , Pecenka Clint , Assao Bachir , Guindo Ousmane , Grais Rebecca F , Isanaka Sheila 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative rotavirus vaccines in Niger, using UNIVAC, a proportionate outcomes model.SettingThe study leverages global, regional and local data to inform cost-effectiveness modelling. Local data were collected as part of a clinical trial taking place in the Madarounfa district, Maradi region, Niger.ParticipantsThe study models impact of infants vaccination on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age.InterventionsWe compared the use of ROTARIX (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium), ROTAVAC (Bharat Biotech, India) and ROTASIIL (Serum Institute, India) to no vaccination and to each other over a 10-year period starting in 2021.ResultsWe estimated that ROTARIX, ROTAVAC and ROTASIIL would each prevent 13 million cases and 20 000 deaths of children under 5 years over a 10-year period in Niger. Compared with no vaccination, the cost to avert a disability-adjusted life-year was US$146 with ROTARIX, US$107 with ROTASIIL and US$76 with ROTAVAC from the government perspective. ROTAVAC dominated ROTARIX and ROTASIIL (eg, provided similar or higher benefits at a lower cost) and had 90% chance to be cost-effective at a US$100 willingness-to-pay threshold.ConclusionsThis study can inform decision-making around rotavirus vaccination policy in Niger, demonstrating that ROTAVAC is likely the most cost-effective option. Alternative products (ROTASIIL and ROTARIX) may also be considered by decision-makers if they are priced more competitively, or if their cold chain requirements could bring additional economic benefits.
Effects of resistance training combined with balance training on physical function among older adults: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Guiping , Wu Xueping 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe world’s population is ageing. Age-related declines in physical function negatively affect the quality of life but may be ameliorated by certain types of exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combining resistance training (RT) with balance training on physical function in older community-dwelling adults to provide a reference for this type of exercise compared with other exercises and to provide a theoretical basis for optimising exercise plans to improve physical function among older adults.MethodsThis single-blind randomised controlled trial will recruit 66 community dwelling adults 60–89 years of age with normal cognition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: RT, RT combined with balance training or a control group with usual daily activities. Exercise interventions will be conducted in three 45 min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Primary physical function outcomes will be assessed using the timed up and go test, usual walking speed, maximal walking speed, 30 s chair stand and 30 s arm curl. Secondary assessments will be conducted using the 2 min step test, back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test. All physical function assessments will be performed at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of exercise interventions. Exercise intensity will be monitored to maintain moderate intensity by heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale. Data that conform to a normal distribution will be expressed as means±SD, otherwise as medians and interquartile intervals. Pretest, mid-test and post-test outcomes will be analysed for within-group and between-group comparisons using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance.Ethics and disseminationThis proposal was reviewed and approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772021RT067). The results will be disseminated to the trial participants and as a peer-reviewed publication.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200056090.
Temperature synchronisation of circadian rhythms in primary human airway epithelial cells from children
Authors: Powell Weston T , Rich Lucille M , Vanderwall Elizabeth R , White Maria P , Debley Jason S 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionCellular circadian rhythms regulate immune pathways and inflammatory responses that mediate human disease such as asthma. Circadian rhythms in the lung may also contribute to exacerbations of chronic diseases such as asthma by regulating observed rhythms in mucus production, bronchial reactivity, airway inflammation and airway resistance. Primary human airway epithelial cells (AECs) are commonly used to model human lung diseases, such as asthma, with circadian symptoms, but a method for synchronising circadian rhythms in AECs has not been developed, and the presence of circadian rhythms in human AECs remains uninvestigated.MethodsWe used temperature cycling to synchronise circadian rhythms in undifferentiated and differentiated primary human AECs. Reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR was used to measure expression of the core circadian clock genesARNTL, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1andPER2.ResultsFollowing temperature synchronisation, the core circadian genesARNTL, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1andPER2maintained endogenous 24-hour rhythms under constant conditions. Following serum shock, the core circadian genesARNTL, NR1D1andNR1D2demonstrated rhythmic expression. Following temperature synchronisation,CXCL8demonstrated rhythmic circadian expression.ConclusionsTemperature synchronised circadian rhythms in AECs differentiated at an air–liquid interface can serve as a model to investigate circadian rhythms in pulmonary diseases.
Neurodegenerative disease risk among former international rugby union players
Authors: Russell Emma R , Mackay Daniel F , Lyall Donald , Stewart Katy , MacLean John A , Robson James , Pell Jill P , Stewart William 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAutopsy studies of former contact sports athletes, including soccer and rugby players, frequently report chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative pathology associated with traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, little is known about the risk of neurodegenerative disease in these populations. We hypothesised that neurodegenerative disease risk would be higher among former elite rugby union players than the general population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study accessing national electronic records on death certification, hospital admissions and dispensed prescriptions for a cohort of 412 male Scottish former international rugby union players and 1236 members of the general population, matched to former players by age, sex and area socioeconomic status. Mortality and incident neurodegenerative disease diagnoses among former rugby players were then compared with the matched comparison group.ResultsOver a median 32 years follow-up from study entry at age 30 years, 121 (29.4%) former rugby players and 381 (30.8%) of the matched comparison group died. All-cause mortality was lower among former rugby players until 70 years of age with no difference thereafter. During follow-up, 47 (11.4%) former rugby players and 67 (5.4%) of the comparison group were diagnosed with incident neurodegenerative disease (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.27, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study adds to our understanding of the association between contact sports participation and the risk of neurodegenerative disease. While further research exploring this interaction is required, in the meantime strategies to reduce exposure to head impacts and head injuries in sport should be promoted.
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure after treatment with lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal: long-term outcomes from the REST randomised trial
Authors: Boyle Andrew J , McDowell Clíona , Agus Ashley , Logan Danielle , Stewart Jonathan D , Jackson Colette , Mills Jeanette , McNamee James J , McAuley Daniel F 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionLower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (vv-ECCO2R), does not improve 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of this therapeutic strategy on long-term outcomes.MethodsThis was a prespecified analysis of the REST trial, a UK-wide multicentre randomised clinical trial that compared lower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by vv-ECCO2R (intervention), with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF. Mortality to 2 years was assessed, while respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive function and health-related quality of life were evaluated in survivors at 1 year using standardised questionnaires.ResultsOf 412 patients enrolled into the REST trial, 391 (95%) had 2-year mortality outcome data available. There was no difference in the time to death between intervention and standard care (HR 1.08 (0.81, 1.44); log-rank test p=0.61). 161 patients alive at 1 year provided at least one questionnaire response. There was no difference in respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction or health-related quality of life between patients allocated to intervention or standard care.ConclusionLower-tidal volume ventilation facilitated by vv-ECCO2R does not affect 1-year mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF. Of the patients who provided questionnaire responses, there was no treatment effect on long-term respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction or health-related quality of life.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02654327.