bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Membrane‐Inspired Graphene Nanomesh Membrane for Fast Separation of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Liu Yanan , Coppens Marc‐Olivier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraphene exhibits fascinating prospects for preparing high‐performance membranes with fast water transport, due to its low friction with water and extreme thinness. However, for graphene‐assembled membranes, each molecule passing through the membrane should bypass many graphene sheets, which lengthens the molecular pathways and increases the mass transfer resistance. Herein, a graphene nanomesh (GNM) membrane is fabricated that is inspired by cell membranes, including aquaporins with their hydrophilic gate for selective transport and hydrophobic channel for low friction with water, thus resulting in fast water transport, as well as hydrophilic polymer brushes on the membrane surface for fouling resistance. GNM is synthesized by etching nanopores on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to significantly shorten the water transport channels, whereas the hydrophobic graphene sheets lead to low water friction; in combination, ultra‐fast, selective water flux is achieved. Also, hydrophilic polymer chitosan is utilized to modify GNM to construct a hydration layer, which suppresses foulants from touching the membrane surface. Accordingly, the permeance of the cell membrane‐inspired graphene nanomesh membrane reaches almost 4000 L m–2 h–1 bar–1, which is about 260 times the permeance in a GO membrane, and the membranes show superior antifouling properties for separating various surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Fast Large‐Stroke Sheath‐Driven Electrothermal Artificial Muscles with High Power Densities
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Jia Jingjing , Wang Yingming , Tang Xintian , Fang Shaoli , Wang Yilun , Baughman Ray H. , Ding Jianning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrothermal carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn muscles can provide large strokes during thermal cycling. However, the slow cooling rate of thermal muscles limits their applications, since large diameter prior‐art thermal muscles cannot be rapidly cycled. Herein, a fast thermally powered sheath‐driven yarn muscle that uses a hybrid CNT sheath and an inexpensive polymer core, is reported. The stroke recovery rate for the hybrid muscle is much lower at all frequencies than for about the same diameter sheath‐driven muscle, which means that the full cycle contractile mechanical power is much higher than for comparable prior‐art hybrid muscle. More specifically, the coiled sheath‐driven muscle contracts 14.3% at 1 Hz and 7.3% at 8 Hz in air when powered by a square‐wave electrical voltage input, which is 2.9‐ and 11.4‐times the stroke of the coiled hybrid muscle at these respective frequencies. An average power density of 12 kW kg−1 is obtained for a sheath‐driven muscle, which is 42‐times that for human skeletal muscle. These high‐performance results since the heating that drives fast actuation cycles are largely restricted to the muscle sheath, and this sheath is in direct contact with ambient temperature air.
Unraveling the Correlations between Mechanical Properties, Miscibility, and Film Microstructure in All‐Polymer Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Zhou Kangkang , Xian Kaihu , Qi Qingchun , Gao Mengyuan , Peng Zhongxiang , Liu Junwei , Liu Yang , Li Saimeng , Zhang Youdi , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of low bandgap polymer acceptors has promoted the efficiency up to ≈17% for all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Nevertheless, the polymeric blend film, core to the photoelectric conversion of all‐PSCs, has not been thoroughly understood in terms of the influence and regulatory factors of mechanical properties, which hinders the advances in flexible and wearable applications. Herein, a range of characterization methods is combined to investigate the mechanical properties, miscibility, and film microstructure of the blends based on several representative polymer donors (PTzBI‐Si, PTVT‐T, PM6 and PTQ10) and a benchmark polymer acceptor N2200, and to further reveal the miscibility‐property relationships of the miscibility property. The results stress that fracture behaviors and elastic moduli of these blends with varied compositions show different changing trends, which are affected by molecular interactions and aggregated structure of the blends. The elastic moduli of the four all‐polymer blends can be nicely predicted by different models that are deduced from macromolecular mechanics. Most crucially, the correlations between elastic modulus, morphology, and miscibility of all‐polymer blends are elucidated for the first time. The derived relationships is validated with another high‐efficiency blend and will be the key to the successful fabrication of mechanically robust and stretchable all‐PSCs with high efficiency.
2D Amorphous Mo‐Doped CoB for Bidirectional Sulfur Catalysis in Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Feng Tao , Zhao Teng , Zhang Nanxiang , Duan Yuzhen , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe amorphous metal boride materials are attractive catalyst for advanced lithium sulfur batteries, but their catalytic mechanism remains unclear. Herein, 2D amorphous Mo‐doped cobalt boride (Co7Mo3B) is designed for the first time as bidirectional sulfur catalysis by rapid chemical reduction. The atom cluster structure of Co7Mo3B is revealed by theoretical calculation. Electron paramagnetic resonance test further confirms that Co7Mo3B has interstitial compound structure characteristics. Experimental results show that the porous 2D nanosheets structure and the interaction of Mo, B, Co atoms contribute to enhanced conductivity, high long‐chain lithium polysulfides affinity, and reversible Li2S nucleation and dissociation, thus accelerating LiPSs reduction and Li2S oxidation kinetics. In addition, the interstitial Co7Mo3B enables intercalation of Li and B during charging–discharging while keeping the structure stable. As a result, the S cathode with Co7Mo3B catalyst delivers good life (1000 cycles at 5 C), superior rate performance (10 C). Even at high sulfur areal loading of 6.79 mg cm–2 and electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5 μL mg–1, the Co7Mo3B/S composite cathode still exhibits good areal capacity and capacity retention rate.
ROS Turn Nanoparticle Fluorescence on for Imaging Staphylococcus aureus Infection In Vivo
Authors: Xu Lingling , Zhan Wenjun , Deng Yu , Liu Xiaoyang , Gao Ge , Sun Xianbao , Liang Gaolin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect, noninvasive, and real‐time imaging of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is of great value for quick diagnosis of related disease in clinic, but remains challenging. Herein, employing a rationally designed near‐infrared fluorescence probe Cys(StB u)‐EDA‐Thioketal‐Lys(Cy5.5)‐CBT (TK‐CBT) and a CBT‐Cys click reaction, the fluorescence‐quenched nanoparticles TK‐CBT‐NPs are facilely prepared. Upon oxidation by the abundant reactive oxygen species in S. aureus‐infected macrophages, TK‐CBT‐NPs are fractured, turning the fluorescence “on” for imaging infections in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, TK‐CBT‐NPs show a 6.1‐fold fluorescence imaging signal enhancement of the macrophages that are infected by S. aureus for 20 h in vitro. At 4 h postinjection, TK‐CBT‐NPs show a 2.8‐fold fluorescence imaging signal enhancement of the sites in mice that are infected by S. aureus for 24 h. It is anticipated that TK‐CBT‐NPs could be applied for diagnosis of S. aureus infections in clinic in the near future.
Local Spin‐State Tuning of Iron Single‐Atom Electrocatalyst by S‐Coordinated Doping for Kinetics‐Boosted Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Li Yan , Ji Yaxin , Zhao Yingjie , Chen Junxiang , Zheng Sixing , Sang Xiahan , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Lei Lecheng , Wen Zhenhai , Feng Xinliang , Hou Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e‐NRR) is envisaged as alternative technique to the Haber–Bosch process for NH3 synthesis. However, how to develop highly active e‐NRR catalysts faces daunting challenges. Herein, a viable strategy to manipulate local spin state of isolated iron sites through S‐coordinated doping (FeSA‐NSC) is reported. Incorporation of S in the coordination of FeSA‐NSC can induce the transition of spin‐polarization configuration with the formation of a medium‐spin‐state of Fe (t2g6 eg1), which is beneficial for facilitating eg electrons to penetrate the antibonding π‐orbital of nitrogen. As a consequence, a record‐high current density up to 10 mA cm−2 can be achieved, together with a high NH3 selectivity of ≈10% in a flow cell reactor. Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that the monovalent Fe(I) atomic center in the FeSA‐NSC after the S doping accelerates the N2 activation and protonation in the rate‐determining step of *N2 to *NNH.
Interface Interaction Dependent Growth of Carbon Nanostructures: An In Situ Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Tian Dongliang , Yang Feng , Zhao Haofei , Lau Woon‐Ming , Wang Rongming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractControllable synthesis of carbon nanostructures is expected to achieve high electrical, optical, and mechanical performance for various applications. Despite great progress in this field, controllable synthesis of carbon nanostructures, i.e., graphite shells (GSs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is still demanded to be deeply revealed. Here, a strategy is demonstrated to achieve GSs and bamboo CNTs by regulating the interface interaction via in situ pyrolysis of Co phthalocyanine (CoPc) in an environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) at atomic resolution. The results indicate that the catalyst involves the nucleation, combination, and reconstruction of Co/Co3C, the growth modes of the carbon, i.e., base‐growth or tip‐growth, and nanostructures are dependent on the interface interaction between catalyst and substrate controlled by temperature. High temperature favors tip‐growth of bamboo CNTs with larger catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) (≈20 nm), while low temperature favors the base‐growth of GSs with smaller NPs (≈10 nm). The average growth rate of 131.3 nm s−1 at 850 °C is about 60 times compared with that at 750 °C. The work provides a comprehensive understanding of distinct growth mode of GSs and CNTs at different temperatures, which would be valuable for the controllable growth of carbon nanostructures by catalyst design and engineering.
Access to Nitrones from Amines via Electrocatalysis at Room Temperature
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Yadav Dhananjay , Singh Saurabh , Shankar Singh Maya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA self‐enabled electrooxidative protocol for the synthesis of nitrones from bench stable amines has been developed under constant current electrolysis at room temperature, rendering metal and external oxidant‐free protocol in an alkaline medium. The electrocatalysis steps of reported strategy involve anodic oxidation of benzyl amines followed by cathodic reduction of nitro‐functional group in an undivided cell affording functional nitrones. The robustness of the electrocatalysis was reflected by tolerant substrate scope, oxidant‐free conditions, and an operationally friendly procedure. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry and control experiment studies also support the electrochemical process in alkaline medium.magnified image
Ru‐Catalyzed C−H Hydroxylation of Tyrosine‐Containing Di‐ and Tripeptides toward the Assembly of L‐DOPA Derivatives
Authors: Andrade‐Sampedro Paula , Matxain Jon M. , Correa Arkaitz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of catalytic tools for the late‐stage modification of amino acids within a peptide framework is a challenging task of capital importance. Herein, we report a Ru‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H hydroxylation of a collection of Tyr‐containing di‐ and tripeptides featuring the use of a carbamate as a removable directing group and PhI(OCOCF3)2 (PIFA) as oxidant. This air‐compatible tagging technique is reliable, scalable and provides access to L‐DOPA (L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) peptidomimetics in a racemization‐free fashion. Density Functional Theory calculations support a Ru(II)/Ru(IV) catalytic cycle.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Free Radical Cyclization of 2‐Arylbenzoimidazoles with Unactivated AlkanesviaC(sp3)−H Functionalizations in Aqueous Media
Authors: Li Jiao‐Zhe , Mei Lan , Cai Xue‐Er , Zhang Can‐Can , Cao Ting‐Ting , Huang Xun‐Jie , Liu Yi‐Lin , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere we present a transition‐metal‐free radical cyclization of 2‐arylbenzoimidazoles with unactivated alkanes. By using di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) to promote the C(sp3)−H bond functionalization, this approach enables assembly of various benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones in aqueous media. This strategy can not only well tolerate a wide range of cyclic alkanes, straight‐chain alkanes, toluene derivatives, as well as pharmaceutical molecule eudesmol, but also provides an approach for the functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds in aqueous media under transition‐metal‐free systems.magnified image
Super‐Resolution Vibrational Imaging Using Expansion Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Shi Lixue , Klimas Aleksandra , Gallagher Brendan , Cheng Zhangyu , Fu Feifei , Wijesekara Piyumi , Miao Yupeng , Ren Xi , Zhao Yongxin , Min Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is an emerging technology that provides high chemical specificity for endogenous biomolecules and can circumvent common constraints of fluorescence microscopy including limited capabilities to probe small biomolecules and difficulty resolving many colors simultaneously. However, the resolution of SRS microscopy remains governed by the diffraction limit. To overcome this, a new technique called molecule anchorable gel‐enabled nanoscale Imaging of Fluorescence and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (MAGNIFIERS) that integrates SRS microscopy with expansion microscopy (ExM) is described. MAGNIFIERS offers chemical‐specific nanoscale imaging with sub‐50 nm resolution and has scalable multiplexity when combined with multiplex Raman probes and fluorescent labels. MAGNIFIERS is used to visualize nanoscale features in a label‐free manner with CH vibration of proteins, lipids, and DNA in a broad range of biological specimens, from mouse brain, liver, and kidney to human lung organoid. In addition, MAGNIFIERS is applied to track nanoscale features of protein synthesis in protein aggregates using metabolic labeling of small metabolites. Finally, MAGNIFIERS is used to demonstrate 8‐color nanoscale imaging in an expanded mouse brain section. Overall, MAGNIFIERS is a valuable platform for super‐resolution label‐free chemical imaging, high‐resolution metabolic imaging, and highly multiplexed nanoscale imaging, thus bringing SRS to nanoscopy.
Supra Hydrolytic Catalysis of Ni3Fe/rGO for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Liu Jiangchuan , Zhang Mengchen , Tang Qinke , Zhao Yingyan , Zhang Jiguang , Zhu Yunfeng , Liu Yana , Hu Xiaohui , Li Liquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLight metal hydrolysis for hydrogen supply is well suited for portable hydrogen fuel cells. The addition of catalysts can substantially aid Mg hydrolysis. However, there is a lack of clear catalytic mechanism to guide the design of efficient catalysts. In this work, the essential role of nanosized catalyst (Ni3Fe/rGO) in activating micro‐sized Mg with ultra‐rapid hydrolysis process is investigated for the first time. Here, an unprecedented content of 0.2 wt% Ni3Fe/rGO added Mg can release 812.4 mL g−1 hydrogen in just 60 s at 30 °C. Notably, an impressive performance with a hydrogen yield of 826.4 mL g−1 at 0 °C in only 30 s is achieved by the Mg‐2 wt% Ni3Fe/rGO, extending the temperature range for practical applications of hydrolysis. Moreover, the four catalysts (Ni3Fe/rGO, Ni3Fe, Ni/rGO, Fe/rGO) are designed to reveal the influence of composition, particle size, and dispersion on catalytic behavior. Theoretical studies corroborate that the addition of Ni3Fe/rGO accelerates the electron transfer and coupling processes and further provides a lower energy barrier diffusion path for hydrogen. Thus, a mechanism concerning the catalyst as migration relay is proposed. This work offers guidelines designing high‐performance catalysts especially for activating the hydrolysis of micro‐sized light weight metals.
Perspectives on Improving the Safety and Sustainability of High Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries Through the Electrolyte and Separator Region
Authors: Cavers Heather , Molaiyan Palanivel , Abdollahifar Mozaffar , Lassi Ulla , Kwade Arno 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are promising candidates within the context of the development of novel battery concepts with high energy densities. Batteries with high operating potentials or high voltage (HV) LIBs (>4.2 V vs Li+/Li) can provide high energy densities and are therefore attractive in high‐performance LIBs. However, a variety of challenges (including solid electrolyte interface (SEI), lithium plating, etc.) and related safety issues (such as gas formation or thermal runaway effects) must be solved for the practical, widespread application of HV‐LIBs. Most of these challenges arise in the region between the electrodes: the electrolyte region. This review provides an overview of recent development and progress on the electrolyte region, including liquid electrolytes, ionic liquids, gel polymer electrolytes, separators, and solid electrolytes for HV‐LIBs applications. A focus on improving the safety of these systems, with some perspectives on their relative cost and environmental impact, is given. Overall, the new information is encouraging for the development of HV‐LIBs, and this review serves as a guide for potential strategies to improve their safety, allowing the development of HV‐LIBs, including solid‐state batteries, to be accelerated to practical relevance.
Improving Heat Transfer Enables Durable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Ning , Pei Fengtao , Dou Jie , Zhao Yizhou , Huang Zijian , Ma Yue , Ma Sai , Wang Chenyue , Zhang Xiao , Wang Hao , Zhu Cheng , Bai Yang , Zhou Huanping , Song Tinglu , Chen Yihua , Chen Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpecial attention should be devoted to the thermal stability of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), because they are often operated at elevated temperatures. However, effective strategies are lacking for manipulation of heat flow in PSCs to improve their thermal stability. Here, a holistic solution is reported for the rapid removal of dissipated heat within the absorber by introducing hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) inside and radiator fin outside of the device. This strategy significantly improves the thermal conductivity of perovskite and speeds up the heat transfer of device, which effectively reduces the cell temperature under illumination of simulated AM 1.5G standard spectrum by ≈6.5 °C. Regardless of device configurations, the corresponding PSCs exhibit prolonged lifetimes aged at different temperatures, continuously operated under white light‐emitting diode (LED) lamp or full‐spectrum illumination. Of particular note, the optimized h‐BN/Cu device with n–i–p structure keeps 88% and 93% of its initial PCE after 1776 h of 85 °C thermal aging and 2451 h of maximum power point (MPP) tracking, respectively, and the device with p–i–n structure maintains 96% and 92% of its original PCE after 1704 h of 85 °C thermal aging and 2164 h of MPP tracking.
An Overall Understanding of Sodium Storage Behaviors in Hard Carbons by an “Adsorption‐Intercalation/Filling” Hybrid Mechanism
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Tian Jiyu , Li Peng , Fang Youlong , Fang Yongjin , Liang Xinmiao , Feng Jiwen , Dong Jiao , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHard carbon has the potential to serve as a high‐capacity anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), however, its Na+ storage mechanism, particularly on the low potential plateau, remains controversial. To overcome this issue, two types of hard carbons with different microstructures are employed and the relationship between the microstructures and Na+ storage behaviors is evaluated. By the combination of operando X‐ray diffraction, ex situ Raman spectroscopy, NMR, and theoretical calculation, it is found that the sodium storage capacities of the hard carbons in the low potential plateau region contain the concurrent contributions from both interlayer intercalation and micropores filling, and the ratio of the two contributors greatly depends on the microstructure of hard carbon materials. Moreover, an electrochemical pointer (potential inflection point at the end of the discharge curve) is found to distinguish the dominance of interlayer intercalation and the micropores filling processes of sodium ions in the low potential plateau region. Based on this new finding, a microstructure‐dependent mechanism (“adsorption‐intercalation/filling” hybrid mechanism) is proposed to achieve an overall understanding of the sodium storage behaviors in different hard carbon materials, which may provide deep insight into the rational design of hard carbon structures as high‐performance anode materials for advanced SIBs.
Reversible Activation of V4+/V5+ Redox Couples in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes
Authors: Xu Chunliu , Zhao Junmei , Wang Yi‐Ao , Hua Weibo , fu Qiang , Liang Xinmiao , Rong Xiaohui , Zhang Qiangqiang , Guo Xiaodong , Yang Chao , Liu Huizhou , Zhong Benhe , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNa superionic conductor structured Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes have attracted great interest due to their long cycling lifespan and high thermal stability rendered by the robust 3D framework. However, their practical application is still hindered by the high cost of raw materials and limited energy density. Herein, a doping strategy with low‐cost Fe2+ is developed to activate V4+/V5+ redox, in an attempt to increase the energy density of phosphate cathodes. It is also revealed that reversible activation of V4+/V5+ redox is related to the Na positions (Na1, 6b; Na2, 18e). Only the V‐based compounds with enough Na2 content can activate the V4+/V5+ reversibly. More importantly, without presodiation treatment and addition of any sodiation agent, Na3.4V1.6Fe0.4(PO4)3 is delicately designed as both cathode and the Na self‐compensation agent in full cells, allowing a promising energy density of ≈260 Wh kg−1. This work sheds light on enhancing the energy density, and designing Na self‐compensation for practical Na‐ions batteries.
Developing adaptive performance: A conceptual model to guide simulation‐based training design
Authors: Fernandez Rosemarie , Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Plaza‐Verduin Martiza , Grand James A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesEffective emergency department care requires individuals and teams to adapt to changes in patient condition, team factors, environmental issues, and system‐level challenges. Adaptability is often listed as an important skill for emergency medicine physicians; however, conceptual models describing the processes involved in adaptive performance have not been translated for health care settings. Similarly, educators have not described training design strategies that support the development of adaptive performance.MethodsWe examined the team science and health care literatures for key concepts in adaptive performance, health care team performance, and diagnostic decision‐making. Using expert consensus, we integrated these concepts to develop the team adaptive performance model and to identify training design approaches that support the development of adaptability.ResultsWe identify nine training principles supported by the team adaptive performance model and the adaptive learning system. Each training principle is accompanied by recommendations and mechanisms for implementation in emergency medicine simulation–based education.ConclusionTraining experiences can be designed to target processes that support adaptive performance.