bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMAP Early Science. II. Pathfinder Instrument
Authors: Lamb James W. , Cleary Kieran A. , Woody David P. , Catha Morgan , Chung Dongwoo T. , Gundersen Joshua Ott , Harper Stuart E. , Harris Andrew I. , Hobbs Richard , Ihle Håvard T. , Kocz Jonathon , Pearson Timothy J. , Philip Liju , Powell Travis W. , Basoalto Lilian , Bond J. Richard , Borowska Jowita , Breysse Patrick C. , Church Sarah E. , Dickinson Clive , Dunne Delaney A. , Eriksen Hans Kristian , Foss Marie Kristine , Gaier Todd , Kim Junhan , Lawrence Charles R. , Lunde Jonas G. S. , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Rasmussen Maren , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Reeves Rodrigo , Rennie Thomas J. , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Viero Marco P. , Watts Duncan J. , Wehus Ingunn Kathrine ,   (COMAP Collaboration)
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Line intensity mapping (LIM) is a new technique for tracing the global properties of galaxies over cosmic time. Detection of the very faint signals from redshifted carbon monoxide (CO), a tracer of star formation, pushes the limits of what is feasible with a total-power instrument. The CO Mapping Project Pathfinder is a first-generation instrument aiming to prove the concept and develop the technology for future experiments, as well as delivering early science products. With 19 receiver channels in a hexagonal focal plane arrangement on a 10.4 m antenna and an instantaneous 26–34 GHz frequency range with 2 MHz resolution, it is ideally suited to measuring CO (J = 1–0) from z ∼ 3. In this paper we discuss strategies for designing and building the Pathfinder and the challenges that were encountered. The design of the instrument prioritized LIM requirements over those of ancillary science. After a couple of years of operation, the instrument is well understood, and the first year of data is already yielding useful science results. Experience with this Pathfinder will guide the design of the next generations of experiments.
COMAP Early Science. I. Overview
Authors: Cleary Kieran A. , Borowska Jowita , Breysse Patrick C. , Catha Morgan , Chung Dongwoo T. , Church Sarah E. , Dickinson Clive , Eriksen Hans Kristian , Foss Marie Kristine , Gundersen Joshua Ott , Harper Stuart E. , Harris Andrew I. , Hobbs Richard , Ihle Håvard T. , Kim Junhan , Kocz Jonathon , Lamb James W. , Lunde Jonas G. S. , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Pearson Timothy J. , Philip Liju , Powell Travis W. , Rasmussen Maren , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Rennie Thomas J. , Silva Marta B. , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Uzgil Bade D. , Watts Duncan J. , Wehus Ingunn Kathrine , Woody David P. , Basoalto Lilian , Bond J. Richard , Dunne Delaney A. , Gaier Todd , Hensley Brandon , Keating Laura C. , Lawrence Charles R. , Murray Norman , Paladini Roberta , Reeves Rodrigo , Viero Marco P. , Wechsler Risa H. ,   (COMAP Collaboration)
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) aims to use line-intensity mapping of carbon monoxide (CO) to trace the distribution and global properties of galaxies over cosmic time, back to the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). To validate the technologies and techniques needed for this goal, a Pathfinder instrument has been constructed and fielded. Sensitive to CO(1–0) emission from z = 2.4–3.4 and a fainter contribution from CO(2–1) at z = 6–8, the Pathfinder is surveying 12 deg2 in a 5 yr observing campaign to detect the CO signal from z ∼ 3. Using data from the first 13 months of observing, we estimate P
CO(k) = −2.7 ± 1.7 × 104
μK2 Mpc3 on scales k = 0.051 −0.62 Mpc−1, the first direct three-dimensional constraint on the clustering component of the CO(1–0) power spectrum. Based on these observations alone, we obtain a constraint on the amplitude of the clustering component (the squared mean CO line temperature bias product) of

Tb

2

<
49

μK2, nearly an order-of-magnitude improvement on the previous best measurement. These constraints allow us to rule out two models from the literature. We forecast a detection of the power spectrum after 5 yr with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) 9–17. Cross-correlation with an overlapping galaxy survey will yield a detection of the CO–galaxy power spectrum with S/N of 19. We are also conducting a 30 GHz survey of the Galactic plane and present a preliminary map. Looking to the future of COMAP, we examine the prospects for future phases of the experiment to detect and characterize the CO signal from the EoR.
Eta Carinae: An Evolving View of the Central Binary, Its Interacting Winds and Its Foreground Ejecta
Authors: Gull Theodore R. , Hillier D. John , Hartman Henrik , Corcoran Michael F. , Damineli Augusto , Espinoza-Galeas David , Hamaguchi Kenji , Navarete Felipe , Nielsen Krister , Madura Thomas , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Morris Patrick , Richardson Noel D. , Russell Christopher M. P. , Stevens Ian R. , Weigelt Gerd 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
FUV spectra of η Car, recorded across two decades with HST/STIS, document multiple changes in resonant lines caused by dissipating extinction in our line of sight. The FUV flux has increased nearly tenfold, which has led to increased ionization of the multiple shells within the Homunculus and photodestruction of H2. Comparison of observed resonant line profiles with CMFGEN model profiles allows separation of wind–wind collision and shell absorptions from the primary wind P Cygni profiles. The dissipating occulter preferentially obscured the central binary and interacting winds relative to the very extended primary wind. We are now able to monitor changes in the colliding winds with orbital phase. High-velocity transient absorptions occurred across the most recent periastron passage, indicating acceleration of the primary wind by the secondary wind, which leads to a downstream, high-velocity bow shock that is newly generated every orbital period. There is no evidence of changes in the properties of the binary winds.
Study of Time Evolution of Thermal and Nonthermal Emission from an M-class Solar Flare
Authors: Nagasawa Shunsaku , Kawate Tomoko , Narukage Noriyuki , Takahashi Tadayuki , Caspi Amir , Woods Thomas N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We conduct a wide-band X-ray spectral analysis in the energy range of 1.5–100 keV to study the time evolution of the M7.6-class flare of 2016 July 23, with the Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) CubeSat and the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) spacecraft. With the combination of MinXSS for soft X-rays and RHESSI for hard X-rays, a nonthermal component and three-temperature multithermal component—“cool” (T ≈ 3 MK), “hot” (T ≈ 15 MK), and “superhot” (T ≈ 30 MK)—were measured simultaneously. In addition, we successfully obtained the spectral evolution of the multithermal and nonthermal components with a 10 s cadence, which corresponds to the Alfvén timescale in the solar corona. We find that the emission measures of the cool and hot thermal components are drastically increasing more than hundreds of times and the superhot thermal component is gradually appearing after the peak of the nonthermal emission. We also study the microwave spectra obtained by the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, and we find that there is continuous gyrosynchrotron emission from mildly relativistic nonthermal electrons. In addition, we conducted a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis by using Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and determined that the DEM of cool plasma increases within the flaring loop. We find that the cool and hot plasma components are associated with chromospheric evaporation. The superhot plasma component could be explained by the thermalization of the nonthermal electrons trapped in the flaring loop.
Acceleration and Expansion of a Coronal Mass Ejection in the High Corona: Role of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Zhuang Bin , Lugaz Noé , Temmer Manuela , Gou Tingyu , Al-Haddad Nada 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The important role played by magnetic reconnection in the early acceleration of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has been widely discussed. However, as CMEs may have expansion speeds comparable to their propagation speeds in the corona, it is not clear whether and how reconnection contributes to the true acceleration and expansion separately. To address this question, we analyze the dynamics of a moderately fast CME on 2013 February 27, associated with a continuous acceleration of its front into the high corona, even though its speed had reached ∼700 km s−1, which is faster than the solar wind. The apparent acceleration of the CME is found to be due to its expansion in the radial direction. The true acceleration of the CME, i.e., the acceleration of its center, is then estimated by taking into account the expected deceleration caused by the drag force of the solar wind acting on a fast CME. It is found that the true acceleration and the radial expansion have similar magnitudes. We find that magnetic reconnection occurs after the eruption of the CME and continues during its propagation in the high corona, which contributes to its dynamic evolution. Comparison between the apparent acceleration related to the expansion and the true acceleration that compensates the drag shows that, for this case, magnetic reconnection contributes almost equally to the expansion and to the acceleration of the CME. The consequences of these measurements for the evolution of CMEs as they transit from the corona to the heliosphere are discussed.
Excitation and Excavation of the Claws of the Southern Crab
Authors: Balick Bruce , Swegel Ashley , Frank Adam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We show that the Southern Crab (aka Hen2–104) presents an auspicious opportunity to study the form and speed of the invisible winds that excavate and shock the lobes of various types of bipolar nebulae associated with close and highly evolved binary stars. A deep three-color image overlay of Hen2–104 reveals that the ionization state of its lobe edges, or “claws,” increases steadily from singly to doubly ionized values with increasing wall latitude. This “reverse” ionization pattern is unique among planetary nebulae (and similar objects) and incompatible with UV photoionization from a central source. We show that the most self-consistent explanation for the ionization pattern is shock ionization by a fast (∼600 km s−1) “tapered” stellar wind in which the speed and momentum flux of the wind increase with equatorial latitude. We present a hydrodynamic simulation that places the latitude-dependent form, the knotty walls, and the reverse ionization of the outer lobes of Hen2–104 into a unified context.
Water UV-shielding in the Terrestrial Planet-forming Zone: Implications for Carbon Dioxide Emission
Authors: Bosman Arthur D. , Bergin Edwin A. , Calahan Jenny K. , Duval Sara E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide is an important tracer of the chemistry and physics in the terrestrial planet-forming zone. Using a thermochemical model that has been tested against the mid-infrared water emission, we reinterpret the CO2 emission as observed with Spitzer. We find that both water UV-shielding and extra chemical heating significantly reduce the total CO2 column in the emitting layer. Water UV-shielding is the more efficient effect, reducing the CO2 column by ∼2 orders of magnitude. These lower CO2 abundances lead to CO2-to-H2O flux ratios that are closer to the observed values, but CO2 emission is still too bright, especially in relative terms. Invoking the depletion of elemental oxygen outside of the water midplane ice line more strongly impacts the CO2 emission than it does the H2O emission, bringing the CO2-to-H2O emission in line with the observed values. We conclude that the CO2 emission observed with Spitzer-IRS is coming from a thin layer in the photosphere of the disk, similar to the strong water lines. Below this layer, we expect CO2 not to be present except when replenished by a physical process. This would be visible in the 13CO2 spectrum as well as certain 12CO2 features that can be observed by JWST-MIRI.
Quand la recherche en islamologie sert l’islamophobie
Authors: Hanne Olivier 
Published: July 2022

L’analyse philologique de la formation du Coran, pourtant limitée à des cercles érudits et universitaires, a été réutilisée depuis 2005 par des réseaux proches du catholicisme fondamentaliste afin de démontrer l’inanité de l’islam. Très présents sur Internet, ces groupes simplifient certaines thèses scientifiques et les diffusent sous forme polémique, prélude à des missions d’évangélisation, dont l’Église officielle se démarque mal.
Les sciences sociales au Liban, miroir du morcellement de la société et de la dépendance étrangère
Authors: Longuenesse Élisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Que nous disent les travaux de sciences sociales d’une société libanaise dont la réalité est souvent masquée par une masse des stéréotypes trompeurs. Quelle connaissance de la société libanaise est-elle produite – et enseignée ? Dans quel cadre et dans quelles conditions, dans quelle mesure, cette production de connaissances est-elle en mesure d’éclairer les acteurs, économiques et politiques, publics et privés. Un ouvrage récent éclaire les conditions de production d’un savoir en sciences sociales et leurs limites et nous offre ce faisant un panorama aussi passionnant que révélateur des difficultés de structuration d’un « champ des sciences sociales », en miroir de la fragmentation et de l’extraversion de la société libanaise.
Le Tractatus et les sciences
Authors: Chauviré Christiane 
Published: July 2022

Le premier Wittgenstein expose dans le Tractatus une philosophie des sciences marquée par le conventionnalisme complété d’un certain vérificationnisme assuré par la logique de l’ Abbildung . Pour autant il ne développe aucune idéologiste scientiste. A partir de 1929, sa philosophie prend un tournant grammatical : la « grammaire » de la science comporte non seulement les lois logiques, mais aussi la partie théorique des sciences de la nature. L’assimilation des grandes théories (Copernic, Darwin, Freud) à des « vues synoptiques » rassemblant une quantité de phénomènes, comme les paradigmes de Kuhn, n’empêche pas Wittgenstein de donner à sa philosophie le tour d’un incontestable réalisme (au sens de Cora Diamond). La dernière partie de ce texte essaie d’apprécier, à partir de Wittgenstein, les différences et les relations entre science et philosophie dans le naturalisme contemporain.
Cosas públicas: emergencias de la soberanía democrática entre los comunes y el espacio compartido
Authors: Menéndez Alzamora Manuel 
Published: July 2022

El trabajo aborda críticamente la construcción de una teoría política de las cosas públicas por la pensadora Bonnie Honig. A tal fin, se rastrean en primer término los orígenes de dicha teoría concebida en clave de respuesta a la crisis de la soberanía democrática ante los efectos disolventes del emergente universo cosmopolita y el pujante retroceso de lo público. En segundo lugar, se insertan sus raíces en el complejo escenario teórico que ha provocado el giro posthumanista en las ciencias sociales, situando su aportación en el contexto del materialismo vital concebido como una expresión específicamente política del nuevo materialismo; de esta manera se contrastan las ventajas del enfoque material frente a las teorizaciones sobre los comunes o el espacio compartido. En tercer y último lugar, se analiza críticamente la porosidad conceptual del planteamiento de Honig proponiendo nuevos instrumentos teóricos capaces de profundizar en la potencia de concernir que tienen las cosas públicas.
¿Debe ser anarquista la revolución verdadera? La violencia pura como catástrofe y aniquilación en Benjamin y Sorel
Authors: González Adolfo León 
Published: July 2022

A cien años de su primera publicación, Para una crítica de la violencia de Walter Benjamin sigue siendo un texto de referencia para el estudio de la violencia política. Sin embargo, las ideas anarquistas que se mueven implícita y explícitamente a lo largo de sus páginas -y que otorgan un sentido histórico a su concepto de violencia divina- se ven relativizadas por el mesianismo predominante en ciertos análisis contemporáneos. Este artículo estudia en profundidad el horizonte anarquista de transformación política radical que Benjamin toma de Reflexiones sobre la violencia de Georges Sorel: La idea de una revolución catastrófica final cuya moralidad intrínseca habrá de demostrarse en su capacidad de destrucción del ciclo histórico dialéctico entre violencia y poder.
Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Induces Cell Death in Autophagy-Dysfunctional Endothelial Cells
Authors: Suzuki Kaori , Ohkuma Mari , Someya Akimasa , Mita Tomoya , Nagaoka Isao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Human cathelicidin LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide that has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities but also acts on host cells to exert immunomodulatory functions. It has been suggested that the increase of LL-37 in atherosclerotic aortas and the dysregulated autophagy of endothelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, to elucidate the role of LL-37 in atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of LL-37 on autophagy in endothelial cells using HUVECs. First, LL-37 upregulated LC3-II (an autophagosomal membrane marker) and enhanced the formation of LC3-positive puncta in the cells, suggesting that LL-37 induces autophagy in endothelial cells. Second, LL-37 was associated with p62, which recognizes ubiquitinated proteins and transfers them to autophagosomes, suggesting that LL-37 is ubiquitinated and recognized by p62. Third, the degradation of LL-37 was delayed, and LL-37 induced cell death in atg7 knockdown cells, which was accompanied by the formation of protein aggregates in the cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that LL-37 induces autophagy in endothelial cells but enhances cell death in autophagy-dysfunctional conditions, in which the intracellular degradation of LL-37 is disturbed. Thus, LL-37 may exert an adverse action on autophagy-dysfunctional endothelial cells to induce cell death in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein–Mediated Stabilization of Host Antiapoptotic Protein MCL-1 Is Critical for Establishment of Infection by Intramacrophage Parasite Leishmania donovani
Authors: Giri Jayeeta , Basu Moumita , Roy Shalini , Mishra Tarun , Jana Kuladip , Chande Ajit , Ukil Anindita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the early phase of infection, the intramacrophage pathogen Leishmania donovani protects its niche with the help of the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1). Whether Leishmania could exploit MCL-1, an extremely labile protein, at the late phase is still unclear. A steady translational level of MCL-1 observed up to 48 h postinfection and increased caspase-3 activity in MCL-1–silenced infected macrophages documented its importance in the late hours of infection. The transcript level of MCL-1 showed a sharp decline at 6 h postinfection, and persistent MCL-1 expression in cyclohexamide-treated cells negates the possibility of de novo protein synthesis, thereby suggesting infection-induced stability. Increased ubiquitination, a prerequisite for proteasomal degradation of MCL-1, was also found to be absent in the late hours of infection. Lack of interaction with its specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MULE (MCL-1 ubiquitin ligase E3) and specific deubiquitinase USP9X prompted us to search for blockade of the ubiquitin-binding site in MCL-1. To this end, TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein), a well-known binding partner of MCL-1 and antiapoptotic regulator, was found to be strongly associated with MCL-1 during infection. Phosphorylation of TCTP, a requirement for MCL-1 binding, was also increased in infected macrophages. Knockdown of TCTP decreased MCL-1 expression and short hairpin RNA–mediated silencing of TCTP in an infected mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis showed decreased parasite burden and induction of liver cell apoptosis. Collectively, our investigation revealed a key mechanism of how L. donovani exploits TCTP to establish infection within the host.
Dietary Cholesterol Causes Inflammatory Imbalance and Exacerbates Morbidity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus
Authors: Louie Allison Y , Tingling Joseph , Dray Evan , Hussain Jamal , McKim Daniel B , Swanson Kelly S , Steelman Andrew J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia-induced hospitalization and death, but how host factors function to influence disease susceptibility or severity has not been fully elucidated. Cellular cholesterol levels may affect the pathogenesis of influenza infection, as cholesterol is crucial for viral entry and replication, as well as immune cell proliferation and function. However, there is still conflicting evidence on the extent to which dietary cholesterol influences cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we examined the effects of a high-cholesterol diet in modulating the immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice. Mice were fed a standard or a high-cholesterol diet for 5 wk before inoculation with mouse-adapted human IAV (Puerto Rico/8/1934), and tissues were collected at days 0, 4, 8, and 16 postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice exhibited dyslipidemia characterized by increased levels of total serum cholesterol prior to infection and decreased triglycerides postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice also displayed increased morbidity compared with control-fed mice, which was neither a result of immunosuppression nor changes in viral load. Instead, transcriptomic analysis of the lungs revealed that dietary cholesterol caused upregulation of genes involved in viral-response pathways and leukocyte trafficking, which coincided with increased numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and infiltrating dendritic cells. Morbidity as determined by percent weight loss was highly correlated with numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as granulocytes. Taken together, dietary cholesterol promoted IAV morbidity via exaggerated cellular immune responses that were independent of viral load.
CCR5: The Receptor That Unlocks the Door for HIV Entry into Cells
Authors: Unutmaz Derya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1,” a pivotal article written by H. Deng, R. Liu, W. Ellmeier, S. Choe, D. Unutmaz, M. Burkhart, P. Di Marzio, S. Marmon, R. E. Sutton, C. M. Hill, et al., and published in Nature, in 1996. https://www.nature.com/articles/381661a0.