bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torque Ripple Suppression Strategy of Electromechanical Coupling System of Hybrid Electric Towing Vehicle Based on Feedforward Control
Authors: Zhao Xinqi , Zhai Yong , Zhang Youtong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of output torque ripple of power split engine motor power system coupled with planetary gear train, based on the dynamic model of the system, the torque ripple suppression algorithm considering coupling device and engine instantaneous torque observer based on engine instantaneous torque are designed. In order to solve the problem that a single control method fails to meet the steady-state performance and response time at the same time, a torque ripple suppression strategy of electromechanical coupling system based on feedforward control is proposed. Combined with the modeling of GT-power and MATLAB / Simulink platform, the rated operating points are simulated in coordinated driving mode and input split mode respectively. The results show that the control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple of the ring gear by 25.46% and 19.34% respectively in coordinated driving mode and input split mode. The control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple by 14.30% and speed ripple by 37.32% in the dynamic condition of PTO intervention.
Facilities in Asia for future accelerator development
Authors: Kando M. , Hosokai T. , Kim K.Y. , Tang C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We introduce and review available and active research
facilities that involve novel acceleration concepts in Asia. Most of
the facilities equip with high-peak-power (>10 TW) lasers with
tens of femtosecond duration for laser wakefield acceleration. The
activities in Asia are growing and several problems on the
realization of high energy frontier accelerators would be accessed
through the existing facilities.
Half-space stationary Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation beyond the Brownian case
Authors: Barraquand Guillaume , Krajenbrink Alexandre , Le Doussal Pierre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation on the half-line x ⩾ 0 with Neumann type boundary condition. Stationary measures of the KPZ dynamics were characterized in recent work: they depend on two parameters, the boundary parameter u of the dynamics, and the drift −v of the initial condition at infinity. We consider the fluctuations of the height field when the initial condition is given by one of these stationary processes. At large time t, it is natural to rescale parameters as (u, v) = t
−1/3(a, b) to study the critical region. In the special case a + b = 0, treated in previous works, the stationary process is simply Brownian. However, these Brownian stationary measures are particularly relevant in the bound phase (a < 0) but not in the unbound phase. For instance, starting from the flat or droplet initial condition, the height field near the boundary converges to the stationary process with a > 0 and b = 0, which is not Brownian. For a + b ⩾ 0, we determine exactly the large time distribution

F

a
,
b

stat

of the height function h(0, t). As an application, we obtain the exact covariance of the height field in a half-line at two times 1 ≪ t
1 ≪ t
2 starting from stationary initial condition, as well as estimates, when starting from droplet initial condition, in the limit t
1/t
2 → 1.
PIWI-interacting RNAs in human diseases: databases and computational models
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Chen Liang , Li Rongzhen , Liu Ning , Huang Xiaobing , Wong Garry 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are short 21–35 nucleotide molecules that comprise the largest class of non-coding RNAs and found in a large diversity of species including yeast, worms, flies, plants and mammals including humans. The most well-understood function of piRNAs is to monitor and protect the genome from transposons particularly in germline cells. Recent data suggest that piRNAs may have additional functions in somatic cells although they are expressed there in far lower abundance. Compared with microRNAs (miRNAs), piRNAs have more limited bioinformatics resources available. This review collates 39 piRNA specific and non-specific databases and bioinformatics resources, describes and compares their utility and attributes and provides an overview of their place in the field. In addition, we review 33 computational models based upon function: piRNA prediction, transposon element and mRNA-related piRNA prediction, cluster prediction, signature detection, target prediction and disease association. Based on the collection of databases and computational models, we identify trends and potential gaps in tool development. We further analyze the breadth and depth of piRNA data available in public sources, their contribution to specific human diseases, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, and highlight a few specific piRNAs that appear to be associated with these diseases. This briefing presents the most recent and comprehensive mapping of piRNA bioinformatics resources including databases, models and tools for disease associations to date. Such a mapping should facilitate and stimulate further research on piRNAs.
Constraints on fluid flow pathways from shear wave splitting in and around an active fluid-escape structure: Scanner Pockmark, North Sea
Authors: Robinson A H , Bayrakci G , Macdonald C , Minshull T A , Bull J M , Chapman M , Henstock T J , Callow B 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYVertical fluid-escape structures observed in seismic reflection data represent an important class of potentially active fluid flow pathways. An understanding of the mechanism of fluid flow in these types of structures is needed to assess the risk of natural gas venting from potential subsurface carbon dioxide storage operations. The Scanner Pockmark Complex is a 22 m deep, 900 × 450 m seabed depression in the North Sea, which actively vents methane, and is underlain by a seismic chimney structure with horizontal dimensions of ∼300 × 600 m. Gas accumulation is evidenced by the presence of bright reflectors at the top of this seismic chimney, at a depth of ∼50 m below the seabed. Here, we analyse seismic anisotropy in these shallow sediments using shear wave splitting observed on ocean bottom seismographs (OBS). Anisotropy varies spatially, with a strength of ∼1–4 per cent, on several OBS located in and around the pockmark complex. By correlating these observations with calculated subsurface P- and S-wave velocities, we show that there is anisotropy present throughout the sediments through which the chimney passes, which are interpreted as relating to syn- and post-depositional glaciomarine processes. However, within the chimney itself the orientation of the fast direction is different to that outside the chimney and the degree of anisotropy is lower. We attribute this difference as indicating that the anisotropy observed within the chimney is associated with the formation and continued presence of the gas migration system, which overprints the background depositional anisotropy.
Testing Morphological Relationships between Female and Male Copulatory Structures in Bats
Authors: Orr Teri J , Lukitsch Theresa , Eiting Thomas P , Brennan Patricia L R 
Published: June 2022

SynopsisThe lower reproductive tract of female mammals has several competing functions including mating, tract health maintenance, and parturition. Diverse vaginal anatomy suggests interactions between natural and sexual selection, yet despite its importance, female copulatory morphology remains under-studied. We undertook a comparative study across the species-rich mammalian order Chiroptera (bats) with a focus on the suborder Yangochiroptera (Vespertilioniformes) to examine how female vaginal features may have coevolved with male penis morphology to minimize mechanical damage to their tissues during copulation. The penis morphology is diverse, presenting great potential for post-copulatory sexual selection and coevolution with the female morphology, but vaginas have not been carefully examined. Here we test the hypotheses that vaginal thickness and collagen density have coevolved with features of the male penis, including the presence of spines and a baculum. We present histological data from females of 24 species from 7 families of bats, and corresponding data on male penis anatomy. We also examine the role of phylogenetic history in the morphological patterns we observe. We found evidence that female vaginal thickness has coevolved with the presence of penile spines, but not with baculum presence or width. Collagen density did not appear to covary with male penile features. Our findings highlight the importance of considering interactions between the sexes in influencing functional reproductive structures and examine how these structures have been under selection in bats.
Breast Density: Current Knowledge, Assessment Methods, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Chalfant James S , Hoyt Anne C 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast density is an accepted independent risk factor for the future development of breast cancer, and greater breast density has the potential to mask malignancies on mammography, thus lowering the sensitivity of screening mammography. The risk associated with dense breast tissue has been shown to be modifiable with changes in breast density. Numerous studies have sought to identify factors that influence breast density, including age, genetic, racial/ethnic, prepubertal, adolescent, lifestyle, environmental, hormonal, and reproductive history factors. Qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative methods of breast density assessment have been developed, but to date there is no consensus assessment method or reference standard for breast density. Breast density has been incorporated into breast cancer risk models, and there is growing consciousness of the clinical implications of dense breast tissue in both the medical community and public arena. Efforts to improve breast cancer screening sensitivity for women with dense breasts have led to increased attention to supplemental screening methods in recent years, prompting the American College of Radiology to publish Appropriateness Criteria for supplemental screening based on breast density.
Moderate Colitis Not Requiring Intravenous Steroids Is Associated with Improved Survival in Stage IV Melanoma after Anti-CTLA4 Monotherapy, But Not Combination Therapy
Authors: Anstadt Emily J , Chu Brian , Yegya-Raman Nikhil , Han Xiaoyan , Doucette Abigail , Poirier Kendra , Mohiuddin Jahan J , Maity Amit , Facciabene Andrea , Amaravadi Ravi K , Karakousis Giorgos C , Cohen Justine V , Mitchell Tara C , Schuchter Lynn M , Lukens John N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
For patients with melanoma, gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events are common after receipt of anti-CTLA4 therapy. These present difficult decision points regarding whether to discontinue therapy. Detailing the situations in which colitis might predict for improved survival and how this is affected by discontinuation or resumption of therapy can help guide clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IV melanoma receiving anti-CTLA4 therapy from 2008 to 2019 were analyzed. Immune-related colitis treated with ≥50 mg prednisone or equivalent daily or secondary immunosuppression was included. Moderate colitis was defined as receipt of oral glucocorticoids only; severe colitis was defined as requiring intravenous glucocorticoids or secondary immunosuppression. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

Results
In total, 171 patients received monotherapy, and 91 received dual checkpoint therapy. In the monotherapy group, 25 patients developed colitis and a nonsignificant trend toward improved OS was observed in this group. Notably, when colitis was categorized as none, moderate or severe, OS was significantly improved for moderate colitis only. This survival difference was not present after dual checkpoint therapy. There were no differences in known prognostic variables between groups, and on multivariable analysis neither completion of all ipilimumab cycles nor resumption of immunotherapy correlated with OS, while the development of moderate colitis did significantly affect OS.

Conclusion
This single-institution retrospective series suggests moderate colitis correlates with improved OS for patients with stage IV melanoma treated with single-agent anti-CTLA4, but not dual agent, and that this is true regardless of whether the immune-checkpoint blockade is permanently discontinued.
Molecular mechanisms underlying host-induced gene silencing
Authors: Zand Karimi Hana , Innes Roger W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) refers to the silencing of genes in pathogens and pests by expressing homologous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) or artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in the host plant. The discovery of such trans-kingdom RNA silencing has enabled the development of RNA interference-based approaches for controlling diverse crop pathogens and pests. Although HIGS is a promising strategy, the mechanisms by which these regulatory RNAs translocate from plants to pathogens, and how they induce gene silencing in pathogens, are poorly understood. This lack of understanding has led to large variability in the efficacy of various HIGS treatments. This variability is likely due to multiple factors, such as the ability of the target pathogen or pest to take up and/or process RNA from the host, the specific genes and target sequences selected in the pathogen or pest for silencing, and where, when, and how the dsRNAs or amiRNAs are produced and translocated. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HIGS, identify key unanswered questions, and explore strategies for improving the efficacy and reproducibility of HIGS treatments in the control of crop diseases.
Risk of COPD exacerbation is increased by poor sleep quality and modified by social adversity
Authors: Baugh Aaron , Buhr Russell G , Quibrera Pedro , Barjaktarevic Igor , Barr R Graham , Bowler Russell , Han Meilan King , Kaufman Joel D , Koch Abigail L , Krishnan Jerry , Labaki Wassim , Martinez Fernando J , Mkorombindo Takudzwa , Namen Andrew , Ortega Victor , Paine Robert , Peters Stephen P , Schotland Helena , Sundar Krishna , Zeidler Michelle R , Hansel Nadia N , Woodruff Prescott G , Thakur Neeta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep is an important dimension in the care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its relevance to exacerbations is unclear. We wanted to assess whether sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is associated with an increased risk of COPD exacerbations and does this differ by socio-environmental exposures.

Methods
We included 1647 current and former smokers with spirometrically confirmed COPD from the SPIROMICS cohort. We assessed incidence rate ratios for exacerbation using zero-inflated negative binomial regression adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and multiple metrics of disease severity, including respiratory medications, airflow obstruction, and symptom burden. Our final model adjusted for socio-environmental exposures using the Area Deprivation Index, a composite measure of contemporary neighborhood quality, and Adversity–Opportunity Index, a composite measure of individual-level historic and current socioeconomic indicators. We used a pre-determined threshold of 20% missingness to undertake multiple imputation by chained equations. As sensitivity analyses, we repeated models in those with complete data and after controlling for prior exacerbations. As an exploratory analysis, we considered an interaction between socio-environmental condition and sleep quality.

Results
After adjustment for all co-variates, increasing PSQI scores (range 0–21) were associated with a 5% increased risk for exacerbation per point (p = .001) in the imputed dataset. Sensitivity analyses using complete cases and after controlling for prior exacerbation history were similar. Exploratory analysis suggested less effect among those who lived in poor-quality neighborhoods (p-for-interaction = .035).

Conclusions
Poor sleep quality may contribute to future exacerbations among patients with COPD. This represents one target for improving disease control.

Clinical Trial Registration
Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier# NCT01969344. Registry URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/.
Sex moderates the effects of total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on risk preference
Authors: Lim Jeryl Y L , Boardman Johanna , Dyche Jeff , Anderson Clare , Dickinson David L , Drummond Sean P A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sleep loss has been shown to alter risk preference during decision-making. However, research in this area has largely focussed on the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD), while evidence on the effects of sleep restriction (SR) or the potentially moderating role of sex on risk preference remains scarce and unclear. The present study investigated risky decision-making in 47 healthy young adults who were assigned to either of two counterbalanced protocols: well-rested (WR) and TSD, or WR and SR. Participants were assessed on the Lottery Choice Task (LCT), which requires a series of choices between two risky gambles with varying risk levels. Analyses on the pooled dataset indicated across all sleep conditions, participants were generally more risk-seeking when trying to minimise financial loss (LOSSES) than while trying to maximise financial gain (GAINS). On GAINS trials, female participants were more risk-averse during TSD and SR, whereas male participants remained unchanged. On LOSSES trials, female participants remained unchanged during TSD and SR, whereas male participants became more risk-seeking during TSD. Our findings suggest the relationship between sleep loss and risk preference is moderated by sex, whereby changes in risk preference after TSD or SR differ in men and women depending on whether the decision is framed in terms of gains or losses.
A randomized study of food pantry environment-level change following the SuperShelf intervention
Authors: Caspi Caitlin , Gordon Nora , Bliss Barsness Christina , Bohen Laura , Canterbury Marna , Peterson Hikaru , Wolfson Julian , Pratt Rebekah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The charitable food system is rapidly evolving. Interventions that target the food pantry environment and use behavioral economics are in high demand, but can be difficult to implement in a low-resource setting. This is an analysis of secondary, environment-level outcomes in a food pantry intervention (SuperShelf); the study evaluates whether the intervention resulted in measurable changes to the food pantry environment and improved diet quality of the food available to clients, compared with a control group of food pantries. Eleven food pantries were randomized to an intervention (n = 5) or control (n = 6) condition and completed baseline and one-year follow-up measures between 2018 and 2020. The intervention addressed healthy food supply and the appeal of healthy foods using behavioral economics. Assessments included manager surveys, intervention fidelity, food inventory, and food supply tracked over 5 days. Measures included change in intervention fidelity (range 0–100) with four subcomponents; Healthy Eating Index scores (HEI-2015, range 0–100) with 13 subcomponents; and Food Assortment Scoring Tool scores (FAST, range 0–100). Descriptive analyses and t-tests examined pre–post changes within and between intervention arms. Average fidelity scores increased from baseline to follow-up in the intervention group compared with the control group (p &lt; .001), as did FAST scores (p = .02). Average HEI-2015 Total scores increased in the intervention group by 6.3 points and by 1.6 points in the control group, but the difference in change between groups was not statistically significant (p = .56). The intervention was implemented with high fidelity at five sites, with some evidence of change in the nutritional quality of the food available on the shelf to clients.
COVID-19 Infection in Well-Appearing 30- to 90-Day-Old Infants with Fever without a Source
Authors: Güngör Ali , Bodur İlknur , Göktuğ Aytaç , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Öztürk Betül , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Yalçınkaya Rumeysa , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Fever without a source (FWS) is common clinical status in the young infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in well-appearing infants with FWS. Well-appearing febrile infants between 30 and 90 days who were evaluated as FWS in the pediatric emergency department and tested for COVID-19 were divided into two groups: COVID-19 (+) and (−). The clinical and laboratory findings of the patients were compared. The study included 95 febrile infants with FWS, and the mean age was 59.62 ± 16.82 days. The nasopharyngeal COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test results of 29/95 (30.5%) patients were positive, while 66/95 (69.5%) were negative. The complaints of irritability and nasal congestion were found to be significantly more common in COVID-19-positive patients (p = 0.04 and p = 0.041, respectively). The hospitalization rate (p = 0.009), length of hospital stay (p = 0.026), initiation of antibiotic treatment (p &lt; 0.001) and duration of antibiotic treatment (p = 0.036) were significantly lower in the COVID-19 (+) patients. The C-reactive protein (CRP, p &lt; 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC, p &lt; 0.001), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC, p = 0.015), white blood cell (WBC, p &lt; 0.001) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, p &lt; 0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the COVID-19 (+) patient group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of neutropenia, lymphopenia or leukopenia.

COVID-19 infection may present as an FWS. During the pandemic period, testing for COVID-19 among infants who were evaluated as FWS may reduce unnecessary hospitalizations and antibiotic treatments, and shorten hospital stays and duration of antibiotics.
De-escalation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Updated Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of 21 Studies and 38,741 Patients
Authors: Hu Meng-Jin , Tan Jiang-Shan , Gao Xiao-Jin , Yang Jin-Gang , Yang Yue-Jin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended among patients with established acute coronary syndrome. In this meta-analysis, we sought to compare the clinical outcomes between de-escalation versus unchanged DAPT based on both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events for observational studies and net clinical events for RCTs. Four RCTs and 17 observational studies with a total of 38,741 patients were included. Net clinical events were more common with unchanged DAPT than with de-escalation in RCTs [odd ratio (OR): 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–2.43; I2 = 69.4%], which was mainly due to higher risks of any bleeding (OR: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.14–2.88; I2 = 75.5%) and major bleeding (OR: 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02–2.46; I2 = 0), without significant differences in ischaemic events. However, trial sequential analysis revealed that sufficient information was obtained just for net clinical events, not for respective ischaemic or bleeding events in RCTs. In the analysis based on real-world observational studies, the risks of myocardial infarction (OR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.98; I2 = 0) and stroke (OR: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.81; I2 = 0) were lower with the unchanged DAPT group. Therefore, de-escalation of DAPT led to a marked reduction in net clinical events compared with unchanged DAPT in RCTs, which was mainly due to reduced bleeding events. However, sufficient information for ischaemic events was not obtained. In the analysis based on real-world observational studies, myocardial infarction and stroke were more common with de-escalation, which should arise our attention.