bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) From the Brazilian Amazonian Savannas, a Poorly Sampled and Threatened Environment
Authors: Carvalho-Filho Fernando S , Barbosa Rodrigo R , Favacho César A C , De-Souza Caroline C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Amazonian region is composed by many kinds of environments, including the Amazonian savannas, which comprise about 5% of the Amazon biome in Brazil. The biota of Amazonian savannas is poorly known, especially for insects. In this study, we performed a faunistic inventory of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of four Brazilian Amazon savannas, where we recorded two subfamilies, 16 genera, and 40 species, two of which are described as new to science: Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) helenae sp. nov. and Lipoptilocnema augustoi sp. nov. Oxysarcodexia graminifoliaSouza, Pape & Thyssen, 2020 is recorded for the first time for Brazil. Dexosarcophaga paulistanaLopes (1982), Helicobia biplagiataDodge, 1966, Helicobia cearensisTibana, 1976, Oxysarcodexia simplicoides (Lopes, 1933), and Oxyvinia excisa (Lopes, 1950) are newly recorded for the Brazilian Amazon. Oxysarcodexia nitidaSoares & Mello-Patiu, 2010 is a new record for the state of Pará. The species D. paulistana is redescribed, and photographs and detailed illustrations of male terminalia are provided.
A dense mini-Neptune orbiting the bright young star HD 18599
Authors: Vines Jose I , Jenkins James S , Berdiñas Zaira , Soto Maritza G , Díaz Matías R , Alves Douglas R , Tuomi Mikko , Wittenmyer Robert A , de Leon Jerome Pitogo , Peña Pablo , Lissauer Jack J , Ballard Sarah , Bedding Timothy , Bowler Brendan P , Horner Jonathan , Jones Hugh R A , Kane Stephen R , Kielkopf John , Plavchan Peter , Shporer Avi , Tinney C G , Zhang Hui , Wright Duncan J , Addison Brett , Mengel Matthew W , Okumura Jack , Samadi-Ghadim Anya 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Very little is known about the young planet population because the detection of small planets orbiting young stars is obscured by the effects of stellar activity and fast rotation, which mask planets within radial velocity and transit data sets. The few planets that have been discovered in young clusters generally orbit stars too faint for any detailed follow-up analysis. Here, we present the characterization of a new mini-Neptune planet orbiting the bright (V = 9) and nearby K2 dwarf star, HD 18599. The planet candidate was originally detected in TESS light curves from sectors 2, 3, 29, and 30, with an orbital period of 4.138 d. We then used HARPS and FEROS radial velocities, to find the companion mass to be 25.5$\pm$4.6 $M_{\oplus }$. When we combine this with the measured radius from TESS of 2.70$\pm$0.05 $R_{\oplus }$, we find a high planetary density of 7.1$\pm$1.4 g cm$^{-3}$. The planet exists on the edge of the Neptune Desert and is the first young planet (300 Myr) of its type to inhabit this region. Structure models argue for a bulk composition to consist of 23 per cent H$_2$O and 77 per cent Rock and Iron. Future follow-up with large ground- and space-based telescopes can enable us to begin to understand in detail the characteristics of young Neptunes in the galaxy.
Children’s water intake and hydration: a public health issue
Authors: Chouraqui Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptimal hydration is required for all physiologic functions and cognition. Children, especially younger ones, are particularly susceptible to dehydration, given their physiological specificities, in particular, their renal immaturity and relatively large skin surface in early life, but also their dependence on adults and their greater propensity to develop digestive diseases leading to fluid losses. Mild dehydration consequences are dominated by their impact on cognitive functions, whereas more severe dehydration may endanger the health outcome. Studies on this subject in children are scarce; in particular, the long-term consequence on renal function remains questionable. This review considers how children’s water intake including fluid intake and water content of food, are worrying. The findings show that, worldwide, most children do not meet adequate water intake recommendations. The main problems likely to explain insufficient water intake are access to safe water, availability of drinking water at school, and healthy-hydration education, which are all points that need to be improved within health policy.
Molecular diagnostic of complicated pneumonia in the post-vaccine era
Authors: de Vasconcelos Mariana Galvão Gurgel Cabral , Jarovsky Daniel , Nunes Gabriela Zembruski , Tridente Daniela Marinho , Grill Juliana Amorim Teixeira , Berezin Eitan Naaman 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY

Background
The etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still a challenge. We compared the conventional culture method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in severe pediatric CAP.

Methods
A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted. From 2012 to 2018, we have selected patients who had peripheral blood and/or pleural fluid collected for etiological investigation by RT-PCR.

Results
We included 113 children (median age: 3 years; interquartile range 1–6 years). RT-PCR increased the detection rate of S. pneumoniae by 6.5 times using blood samples and eight times using pleural fluid samples. Patients subjected to RT-PCR showed more prolonged hospitalization (p = 0.006), fewer comorbidities (p = 0.03), presence of pleural effusion (p = 0.001), presence of young forms of leukocytes (p = 0.001) and radiograph with characteristics of pneumonia (p = 0.002). The presence of pleural effusion [odds ratio (OR) = 14.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–133.9; p = 0.01] and young forms of leukocytes (OR = 8.9, 95% CI 0.9–84.4; p = 0.05) were risk factors for positive RT-PCR pneumococcal when multivariate analysis was performed.

Conclusions
RT-PCR is a reliable method for diagnosing severe CAP using sterile materials and a potentially applicable method in patients with clinical, radiological and non-specific laboratory characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection, especially in complicated cases with pleural effusion.
Impact of interpregnancy intervals on perinatal and neonatal outcomes in a multiethnic Pakistani population
Authors: Murtaza Khadija , Saleem Zahra , Jabeen Saliha , Alzahrani A Khuzaim , Kizilbash Nadeem , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Shirazi Haider , Yasin Amanullah , Malik Sajid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Short birth intervals (SBIs) and long birth intervals (LBIs) have been shown to have serious implications for health of both mothers and their children. This study was aimed to investigate the determinants and reproductive outcome of SBI and LBI in a multiethnic Pakistani population.

Methods
In a cross-sectional prospective study design, 2798 women admitted in a tertiary-care hospital in Islamabad for delivery were recruited and data on second or higher birth order deliveries were collected. Birth intervals were defined as short (&lt;24 months) and long (&gt;36 months). The reproductive outcome was defined in terms of perinatal and neonatal mortalities, and neonatal complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Pregnancies with SBI and LBI were observed in 20% and 24% of 2798 women, respectively. Women with SBI had increased odds of perinatal death [adjusted odd ratio (AOR): 1.50] and neonatal death (AOR: 1.47) as compared to women with optimal birth intervals, while women with LBI had slightly lower odds of perinatal deaths (AOR: 0.96), but increased odds of neonatal deaths (AOR: 1.12). Further, the pregnancies with both SBI and LBI were associated with increased odds of short body length, low birth weight, small head circumference and low APGAR score.

Conclusion
Nearly half of all pregnancies do not have optimal birth spacing albeit there is wide heterogeneity in the distribution of BI in various Pakistani ethnicities. Pregnancies with SBI and LBI had high risk of adverse reproductive outcome. Intervention programs for maternal and child health need to emphasize optimal birth spacing.
Preoperative β-Blocker Therapy and Stroke or Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Major Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McKenzie Nicholas L. , Ward R. Parker , Nagele Peter , Rubin Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Perioperative β-blocker therapy has been associated with increased risk of stroke. However, the association between β-blocker initiation before the day of surgery and the risk of stroke is unknown. The authors hypothesized there would be no association between preoperative β-blocker initiation within 60 days of surgery or chronic β-blockade (more than 60 days) and the risk of stroke in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods
Data on elective major abdominal surgery were obtained from the IBM (USA) Truven Health MarketScan 2005 to 2015 Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases. Patients were stratified by β-blocker dispensing exposure: (1) β-blocker–naïve, (2) preoperative β-blocker initiation within 60 days of surgery, and (3) chronic β-blocker dispensing (more than 60 days). The authors compared in-hospital stroke and major adverse cardiac events between the different β-blocker therapy exposures.

Results
There were 204,981 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. β-Blocker exposure was as follows: perioperative initiation within 60 days of surgery for 4,026 (2.0%) patients, chronic β-blocker therapy for 45,424 (22.2%) patients, and β-blocker–naïve for 155,531 (75.9%) patients. The unadjusted frequency of stroke for patients with β-blocker initiation (0.4%, 17 of 4,026) and chronic β-blocker therapy (0.4%, 171 of 45,424) was greater than in β-blocker–naïve patients (0.2%, 235 of 155,531; P < 0.001). After propensity score weighting, patients initiated on a β-blocker within 60 days of surgery (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.31 to 2.04; P = 0.757) or on chronic β-blocker therapy (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.15; P = 0.901) demonstrated similar stroke risk compared to β-blocker–naïve patients. Patients on chronic β-blocker therapy demonstrated lower adjusted risk of major adverse cardiac events compared to β-blocker–naïve patients (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.91; P = 0.007), despite higher unadjusted absolute event rate (2.6% [1,173 of 45,424] vs. 0.6% [872 of 155,531]).

Conclusions
Among patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery, the authors observed no association between preoperative β-blocker initiation within 60 days of surgery or chronic β-blocker therapy and stroke.

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What This Article Tells Us That Is New
COMBINED HAMARTOMA OF THE RETINA AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AT PEDIATRIC AGE
Authors: Ozdek Sengul , Ucgul Ahmet Yucel , Hartnett M. Elizabeth , Akdogan Muberra , Sen Parveen , Bhende Muna , Besirli Cagri Giray , Karacorlu Murat , Dedania Vaidehi , Parolini Barbara , Mittal Sangeet , Banker Alay , El Rayes Ehab , Tawfik Mohamed , Wu Wei-Chi , Attiku Yamini , Hansen Eric , Portney David , Sarvaiya Chintan , Sahin Ozlem , Ozdemir Huseyin Baran , Gurelik Gokhan 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To report outcomes of pediatric patients with combined hamartoma of the retina and the retina pigment epithelium followed up conservatively or after pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
This retrospective multicenter study included 62 eyes of 59 pediatric patients with combined hamartoma of the retina and the retina pigment epithelium from 13 different international centers with an average age of 7.7 ± 4.7 (0.3–17) years at the time of the diagnosis and having undergone pars plana vitrectomy or followed conservatively. At baseline and each visit, visual acuity values, optical coherence tomography for features and central foveal thickness, and tumor location were noted. Lesions were called as Zone 1, if it involves the macular and peripapillary areas, and the others were called as Zone 2 lesions.

Results:
Twenty-one eyes of 20 patients in the intervention group and 41 eyes of 39 patients in the conservative group were followed for a mean of 36.2 ± 40.4 (6–182) months. Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 11 (68.8%) of 16 eyes in the intervention group and 4 (12.9%) of 31 eyes in the conservative group (P < 0.001). The mean central foveal thickness decreased from 602.0 ± 164.9 µm to 451.2 ± 184.3 µm in the intervention group, while it increased from 709.5 ± 344.2 µm to 791.0 ± 452.1 µm in Zone 1 eyes of the conservative group. Posterior location of tumor, irregular configuration of the foveal contour and ellipsoid Zone defect in optical coherence tomography, subretinal exudate and prominent vascular tortuosity were associated with poor visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Vitreoretinal surgery is safe and effective in improving vision and reducing retinal distortion in Zone 1 combined hamartoma of the retina and the retina pigment epithelium in children.
Surging ICU during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview
Authors: Arabi Yaseen M. , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Lobo Suzana M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed great challenges to intensive care units (ICUs) across the globe. The objective of this review is to provide an overview on how ICU surging was managed during COVID-19 pandemic, with a special focus on papers published in the last 18 months.

Recent findings
From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was apparent that the biggest challenge was the inequity of access to an adequately equipped and staffed ICU bed. The first wave was overwhelming; large surge of patients required critical care, resources were limited and non-COVID-19 care processes were severely compromised. Various approaches were used to address ICU staffing shortage and to expand the physical ICU space capacity. Because of restrictions to family visitations in most ICUs, the pandemic posed a threat to communication and family-centered ICU care. The pandemic, especially during the first wave, was accompanied by a high level of apprehension in the community, many uncertainties about clinical course and therapy and an influx of speculations and misinformation.

Summary
Although healthcare systems learned how to face some of the challenges with subsequent waves, the pandemic had persistent effects on healthcare systems.
Intensive care management of liver transplant recipients
Authors: Olson Jody C. , Subramanian Ram , Karvellas Constantine J. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Liver transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for advanced liver disease and liver failure. Current allocation schemes utilized for liver transplantation mandate a ‘sickest first’ approach, thus most liver transplants occur in patients with severe systemic illness. For intensive care providers who care for liver transplant recipients, a foundation of knowledge of technical considerations of orthotopic liver transplantation, basic management considerations, and common complications is essential. This review highlights the authors’ approach to intensive care management of the postoperative liver transplant recipient with a review of common issues, which arise in this patient population.

Recent findings
The number of centers offering liver transplantation continues to increase globally and the number of patients receiving liver transplantation also continues to increase. The number of patients with advanced liver disease far outpaces organ availability and, therefore, patients undergoing liver transplant are sicker at the time of transplant. Outcomes for liver transplant patients continue to improve owing to advancements in surgical technique, immunosuppression management, and intensive care management of liver disease both pretransplant and posttransplant.

Summary
Given a global increase in liver transplantation, an increasing number of intensive care professionals are likely to care for this patient population. For these providers, a foundational knowledge of the common complications and key management considerations is essential.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis for Abdominal Pain in Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Okita Muneyori , Otani Kazuki , Matsui Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2022

Goals:
We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the effect of endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis added to medical management (EUS-CPN+MM) compared with MM, percutaneous CPN (P-CPN)+MM, or intraoperative CPN (I-CPN)+MM for abdominal pain associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Background:
Many approaches to CPN have been proposed since 1919. EUS-CPN, which is less invasive and safer than traditional procedures, has been preferred recently, but the superiority of EUS-CPN+MM has not been fully investigated.

Study:
We performed searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on March 16, 2021. We conducted the network meta-analysis using a frequentist weighted least-squares approach. We used a random-effects model to synthesize the primary outcome, defined as the mean difference between treatment groups in standardized pain intensity scores at 4 and 12 weeks.

Results:
We selected 10 RCTs involving 662 individuals. At 4 weeks, the estimated mean difference between the EUS-CPN+MM and MM groups was −1.30 (95% CI: −2.19 to −0.41) in favor of EUS-CPN+MM, and that between the EUS-CPN+MM and P-CPN+MM groups was −0.88 (95% CI: −1.82 to 0.06). At 12 weeks, the estimated mean difference between the EUS-CPN+MM and MM groups was −2.58 (95% CI: −3.68 to −1.48), and that between the EUS-CPN+MM and P-CPN+MM groups was −2.44 (95% CI: −4.03 to −0.84), both in favor of EUS-CPN+MM.

Conclusions:
The combination of EUS-CPN+MM was effective at 4 and 12 weeks, although the risk of bias in synthesized studies was generally high, necessitating careful interpretation.
Long-term Outcome of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Esophageal Motility Disorders
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Mandavdhare Harshal , Akbar Wahid , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar 
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim:
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for achalasia. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyze the mid and long-term outcomes of POEM in esophageal motility disorders.

Methods:
Literature search was performed in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, and Google scholar from January 2010 to May 2021. The primary objective of the study was the clinical success (Eckardt score ≤3 or <4) at mid-term (30 to 60 mo) and long-term (>60 mo) follow-up after POEM. Secondary objectives included post-POEM gastroesophageal reflux (GER) as evaluated by symptoms, increased esophageal acid exposure, and reflux esophagitis.

Results:
Seventeen studies with 3591 patients were included in the review. Subtypes of motility disorders were type I (27%), type II (54.5%), type III (10.7%), distal esophageal spasm/Jackhammer esophagus (2%), and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (17.5%). Pooled mean follow-up duration was 48.9 months (95% CI, 40.02-57.75). Pooled rate of clinical success at mid-term follow-up was 87% (95% CI, 81-91; I

2
, 86%) and long-term was 84% (95% CI, 76-89; I

2
, 47%). In nonachalasia motility disorders (esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, distal esophageal spasm, and Jackhammer esophagus), pooled rate of clinical success was 77% (95% CI, 65-85; I

2
, 0%). GER as estimated by symptoms was 23% (95% CI, 19-27; I

2
, 74%), erosive esophagitis was 27% (95% CI, 18-38%; I

2
, 91%), and increased esophageal acid exposure was 41% (95% CI, 30-52; I

2
, 88%).

Conclusion:
POEM is a durable treatment option in cases with achalasia. One-fourth of patients suffer from erosive GER in the long-term and success rates are lower in nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders.
Medical Cannabis Use Patterns and Adverse Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Greywoode Ruby , Cunningham Chinazo , Hollins Maegan , Aroniadis Olga 
Published: October 2022

Goals:
To investigate medical cannabis (MC) use patterns and adverse effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Background:
MC is now legal in many states. Although previous studies suggest improvement in disease activity among IBD patients using MC, use patterns and adverse effects are unclear.

Study:
A cross-sectional anonymous survey was conducted (October 23, 2020 to January 24, 2021) among patients accessing MC dispensaries in New York and Minnesota. Eligibility criteria: age 18 years or older, selfreported IBD diagnosis, MC dispensary purchase. Survey questions included IBD characteristics, MC and healthcare utilization, and MC effects/adverse events. Participant characteristics were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Utilization patterns and symptoms before and after MC use were compared using the Stuart Maxwell test.

Results:
Of 236 respondents, overall IBD disease activity was mild-to-moderate. Most respondents (61.0%) took a biological. Median frequency of MC use was at least once within the past week. Most respondents used products with high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content (87.5%) through vape pens/cartridges (78.6%). Respondents reported fewer emergency room visits in the 12 months after versus before MC use (35.2 vs 41.5%, P<0.01) and less impact of symptoms on daily life. Most respondents reported euphoria with MC use (75.4%). The other common side effects were feeling drowsy, groggy, or with memory lapses (4.2%), dry mouth/eyes (3.4%), and anxiety/depression or paranoia (3.4%). Few respondents reported MC diversion (1.3%).

Conclusions:
MC users with IBD perceive symptom benefits and report decreased emergency room visits without serious adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm these results with objective measures of healthcare utilization and disease activity.
The gut microbiome: an overview of current trends and risks for paediatric populations
Authors: Sangiuolo Kara , Cheng Elaine , Terala Ananya , Dubrosa Fiona , Milanaik Ruth L. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Gut health is an increasingly popular topic of discussion among scientists and the general population alike. As interest surrounding the gut microbiome grows, the accessibility to misinformation and unfounded gut health trends to youth is likely to emerge as a public health concern. The purpose of this review is to provide paediatricians with current information about the gut microbiome, as well as explanations and possible risks of the multitude of gut health trends that adolescents may be exposed to.

Recent findings
The gut microbiome is implicated in overall health by playing roles in digestion, immunity and mental health. Novel microbiome-related therapies, such as faecal microbiota transplants, and the gut-brain link show the therapeutic potential of the gut microbiome. However, unproven dietary fads and trends on social media are rampant as well, such as ginger juice shots. In addition, paediatric supplements meant to target gut health are unregulated, yet are highly marketed. Improperly applying these trends and diets may result in risks of malnutrition and body image issues for impressionable children.

Summary
Increased familiarity regarding the types of gut health trends and diets among young people will allow paediatricians to more effectively advise their patients about potential risks and good gut health practices. Paediatricians and caregivers serve as role models and educators with regard to children's perceptions and management of their gut and overall health.