bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Advantages of Emerging Indigenous Participation in Exploration and Production Operations in the Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Ekeinde Evelyn Bose , Dosunmu Adewale , Okujagu Diepiriye Chenaboso 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study is a combination of survey and exploratory design. It utilized primary data (questionnaire) and secondary data (as journal, articles, industry reports and newspapers) with relative contents to the topic of discuss. The questionnaire was distributed to E&P workers in three LOCs, SEPLAT, Famfa oil and Yinka Folawiyo Petroleum. IOCs respondents from Shell, Total and Exon Mobil. Ten 10 questionnaires were distributed to each making 60 and 51 questionnaires retrieved and completed. The data gathered was presented using tables and analyzed using simple percentages, frequency and mean. The study concluded that participation of indigenous companies in exploration and production activities in the country has several economic advantages which both individuals and the government can benefit from. This includes increased production (barrels), increased Gross Domestic Product of the nation, job creation/ reduction of unemployment in the country and improved human resources due to training of indigenous worker. It recommended that the local content policy of 2010 should be taken more seriously by the government and more indigenous companies should be encouraged to go into oil exploration and production to increase the availability of crude oil products in the market which will automatically lead to better GDP, reduction in capital flight and increase in individual company income.
Environmentally Sound Technologies for Sustainability and Climate Change in Niger Delta
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the concepts of environmentally sound technologies and sustainability. Environmentally sound technologies are potential ways capable of mitigating environmental pollution by adopting the use of energy efficient technologies. While sustainability is a process of change in which technological development and institutional change in which the exploitation of resource, the direction of investment, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs. In a broad sense sustainable development must enhance the long-term productivity of the resource base with acceptable environmental impacts. Using literature review and case studies of Britania U, a marginal oil field operator, Total Energy, and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). We find that environmentally sound technology can mitigate climate change. The study revealed that Britania used the technology which cleans out poisonous elements and emits smokeless air into the environment thereby mitigating climate change. Also, Total Energy, as part of its drive towards clean energy and reduce carbon emissions embarked on installation of solar energy while SPDC reported 17% decrease in routine flaring in 2020 due to the Southern Swamp Associated Gas Project which captured gas produced alongside oil in the Niger Delta. We find that environmentally sound technologies include all those technologies that reduce the negative impact of products and services on the natural environment. Furthermore, environmentally sound technologies have brought about increased opportunities for energy transition into cleaner forms of energy. We therefore recommend that developing countries try as much as possible to develop the internal capacities and embrace environmentally sound technologies to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change.
Investigating the biodegradation of hydrocarbons considering the principle and mechanisms of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery; its processes, its successes and current limitations
Authors: Okoro Franklin , Okpu Ambrose , Frank-Okoro Mary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The importance of biodegradation of hydrocarbon is numerous, including: waste water treatment contaminated by crude oil, and for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Despite the latter (MEOR) being in use over a century now, it is yet to be widely accepted as an optimum large scale enhanced oil recovery technique in the oil and gas industry. An examination of literature reveals a large number of successful MEOR laboratory trials but with very few field applications. This is as a result of a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in MEOR. In this paper, an economic analysis of the various types of microbes was carried out in order to ascertain the type of microbes under the prevalent reservoir conditions that would yield an optimum oil recovery in terms of cost and time. The economic analysis conducted suggests that for short term projects, MEOR treatment may not be competitive economically compared with conventional EOR methods. However, for long term projects, MEOR is the most cost effective of all tertiary EOR methods and this is because, overtime, the effect of microbial activities within the formation increases due to the exponential growth of microbes, whereas in conventional EOR methods, the effect of the additives diminishes with time.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR): mechanism, rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbon, field applications and challenges
Authors: Okoro Franklin , Odukwe Patricia , Frank-Okoro Mary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigated the biodegradation of selected hydrocarbons (e.g., alkanes, such as decane, and others) by open mixed microbial cultures. Laboratory experiments were conducted with the aim to investigate the rate of biodegradation of dodecane using glass bioreactors over an incubation period of 31days. In the study, dodecane represented the hydrocarbon used, and the microbial activity was subjected to aerobic conditions. Mineral water was used to stimulate the microbial growth. The results obtained indicated that an increase in the rate of biodegradation can be achieved, thus resulting in an increase in the oil recovery efficiency. It can be inferred that MEOR is a "high-risk, high reward" process, depending on whether the microorganisms can produce oil recovery-enhancing chemicals by utilizing the residual oil within the reservoir as a carbon source. The high risk in this context refers to the severe constraints that the microbial system must satisfy in order to utilize an in-situ carbon source. The rewards however are that the logistical cost and difficulty in implementing the process is similar to those of implementing a waterflood.
Prediction and Prevention of Wax Deposition in MERO-006T: A Thermodynamic Modelling Approach
Authors: Nwosu Obiora , Daodu Olugbenga , Ogbunude Basil , Emelle Chima , Nnanna Erasmus , Emesi John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
MERO-006T is an oil development well that was drilled and completed in the Q2100X reservoir. The well came into production in March 1988 and has been plagued with incessant wax build up leading to loss of oil production several times over a period of 17years.
Several wax cutting activities have been carried out to restore production in the well, however due to the frequency of wax build up leading to loss of revenue and the difficulty of the swamp terrain where the well is located, it became pertinent to adopt a more optimal, cost effective and long-term approach to address the frequent deferment caused by wax build up.
Research indicates that a wax inhibition tool (Silver HAWG) can be deployed in the well to address wax build up issue though historical deployment in some wells have not been very effective due to suboptimal installation depths in these wells. Hence, it became pertinent to determine the optimal depth for installation of the wax inhibition tool in MERO-006T.
This paper highlights the thermodynamic modelling approach adopted to determine the Wax Appearance Temperature in MERO-006T, the well modelling approach to estimate the depth which wax formation would occur and the optimal depth to place the wax inhibition tool based on lifecycle production expectations from the well. Installation of the Silver HAWG is expected to restore ca. 500 bopd, improve well availability by 30% and avoid biannual costs of ca. $2mln associated with repeated wax treatment in the well.
Digitalization of Old Generation Equipment for Field Operations Optimization
Authors: Adesina Eriagbaraoluwa , Olusola Bukola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Equipment such as generators and export pumps, among others are crucial in the continuous running of oil and gas operations in the oil field. However, this equipment can fail without prior notice leading to costly downtime, therefore; it is paramount to minimize equipment failure. The unpredictability of equipment failure leads to the repair time being prolonged due to difficulty in scoping and procuring the damaged parts. To solve this problem, we proposed the use of digital control systems and equipment telematics to be installed on analog generation units for data analytics and business efficiency.
In the proposed data acquisition strategy, the control systems interpret analog inputs, convert them to digital data, continuously monitor the data, and upload the data to a cloud database for seamless data transfer to data analyst. This data was used in evaluating the performance of the generators, identifying parameters that largely affects the efficiency of the analog machine and then the results were used in the optimization of field operations. Telematics devices convert analog readings such as current, voltage and gauges into digital data, send out event activity reports and receive commands can be installed in old analog equipment. For instance, fuel level sensors are placed in fuel tanks of generators to detect the volume as well as the rate at which the tanks are getting filled up and drained. The sensors also measure fuel temperature and quality. Fuel flow meters directly measure the engine fuel consumption, engine operation time and the fuel rate in the supply line from the storage tank to the generation equipment. In addition, a contactless reader reads and transmits engine parameters of the equipment - the Revolutions per Minute (RPM) of the machine, oil pressure, oil temperature, coolant temperature and other engine parameters to the cloud database storage.
The data collated is analysed with statistical methods and data analytical techniques. The engine parameters are weighted and used to determine the performance and the health level of the engine with all parameters being measured in real time. Based on the simulated training dataset and its respective results for each entry, generators can be predicted to be "healthy" or about to be faulty in real time. With this approach, old generation equipment and power output can be constantly monitored and connected to an event detection system.
This paper presents a way to digitalise old generation equipment, prevent power outages and prolong the life cycle of generation equipment in oil fields. Finally, the methods presented in this paper can be extended to any analog or old generation equipment requiring performance monitoring.
Managing Well Performance Under Reservoir Uncertainty: Case Study of a Niger Delta Well
Authors: Nnanna Erasmus , Nyeche Mofoluwake 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Managing well performance under reservoir uncertainty requires robust definition of the operating limits of the well. It also requires flexibility for reacting to observed performance trends and adjusting the well operating envelope to guarantee safe operations and stable production. BAJE-8 experienced anomaly in production performance occasioned by exposure of part of the drain hole to a gas pocket near the gas cap. The well definition carried uncertainty in fluid contact and there was also inability to map intra-reservoir faults and shales around the proposed landing depth of the drain hole. Uncertainty in the size of the gas pocket also led to the inability to accurately predict the timing of the blowdown. Prudent reservoir management enabled by proactive well monitoring and surveillance led to timely review and modification of operating conditions of the well when abnormally high GOR was observed from the well. The strategy was to blowdown the gas cap while monitoring changes in the well parameters with expectation that parameters would normalize once the gas pocket is blown down. The GOR and FTHP showed a peak in performance and steadily declined within the 6-month period of blow down.
The blowdown pushed the well performance parameters towards the previously predicted ranges prompting modification of the operating envelope. This rollercoaster well performance occasioned by subsurface uncertainty lasted for some 6 months and was successfully managed. The well performance now aligns with predictions and the well has sustained production in the last 18 months.
A Finite Element Study of Integrity of Formation/Casing Annulus Cement Sheath in Niger Delta
Authors: Etoh Jessica , Dosunmu Adewale , Oriji Boniface , Moritiwon Oloruntoba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cement sheath is a well barrier that prevents the unintentional and uncontrollable flow of fluids from, into a formation or back to its surface. However, during drilling and production operations, this cement is subjected to various stresses resulting from thermal stress, non-uniform geo-stress, compressive and tensile stresses. Therefore, this study describes a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of a cement sheath of class G type under stress in a typical drilling and production scenario. With experiments, the rheological and mechanical properties of class G cement with varying water-cement ratio of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 were prepared and analyzed for their performance and workability. From the results, it showed that the cement system with the lowest water-cement ratio of 0.4, demonstrated the highest mechanical strength. This was attributed to lesser water in the mix triggering efficient interaction with cement. Hence, based on this study, 0.4 cement ratio is recommended if the ability to withstand compressive and tensile forces is desired. In cases where it is to be used for drilling and production operations characterised by fatigue and cyclic forces, its composition should be designed such that it is more ductile and flexible. An FEA software, ANSYS Mechanical APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) was used to analyze stress to convergence. Material properties of 0.4 cement ratio was adopted for simulation based on experimental results. Also, well loading conditions were cycled at temperature and pressure of 0-104 0C and 250-290 bar simultaneously. Simulation results showed the time changes of equivalent (Von-Mises), maximum, minimum and shear stresses. Time changes of equivalent elastic strain, total deformation and stress intensity were also recorded. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the yield point of the material occurred at a time (t) =1.3245×10−4 s under continuous stress. It is recommended that the contact point between the casing and the cement be monitored for deformation due to high stress response during stress analysis.
Developing a Model for Effective Cutting Transport Mechanism
Authors: David Oghenetega Shadrack 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The transportation of cuttings and wellbore stability are indispensable in any drilling program. This is because a successful drilling operation is the key to a profitable business in the oil and gas sector, efficiency of cuttings transport is very important for a good drilling program, the transportation of these cuttings through the annulus is a complex problem that is affected by many parameters.
The objective is to design drilling mud for efficient cutting transport in different holes sections and develop a model that is more effective in lifting cuttings through the annulus without affecting the stability of the wellbore.
Cutting transport efficiency in vertical and deviated wellbore has been reported to depend on the following factors; hole geometry and inclination, average fluid velocity, flow regime, drill pipe rotation, pipe eccentricity, fluid properties and rheology, cuttings size and shape, cuttings transport velocity, slip velocity, etc., the accumulation of drilling cuttings in the wellbore causes several drilling problems. These includes an increase in torque and drag, which may limit drilling from reaching to a desired target formation, the analysis is carried-out using different cutting transport models like; larsians model, rubiandini's model, moore's model, Hopkins method and zeidler's slip velocity correlation.
This paper work is aimed at achieving a cutting transport model (I,e developing a model), that is more effective in lifting the drilled cuttings from the wellbore through the annulus to the surface after considering different existing cutting transport models and it is required that parameters affecting the efficient cutting transport are considered simultaneously.
A Review of Natural Polysaccharides as Corrosion Inhibitors: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities
Authors: Murungi Pearl Isabellah , Sulaimon Aliyu Adebayo , Ssembatya Oscar , Nwankwo Princess 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Preventing and mitigating corrosion problems can be very challenging due to technical considerations and prohibitive economic implications. It is thus imperative to arrest the escalating corrosion rates and impede the deterioration effects of corrosion with versatile remedies. In this review, previous research efforts on the application of plant-derived polysaccharides as potential inhibitors of metal corrosion in various aggressive media are studied. The deployment of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an outstanding solution to prolonging the lifespan of metals. However, the most applied inhibitors such as the inorganic and some organic compounds are prohibitively expensive, hazardous, and toxic. These limiting factors have stimulated interest in more research into greener and less toxic natural alternatives. Considering the success of synthetic polymers for corrosion inhibition, a wide range of plants with high natural polysaccharide content have been evaluated to determine their effectiveness as biodegradable, renewable, and more economical corrosion inhibitors. Studies generally show that natural polysaccharides exhibit over 90% efficiency for corrosion inhibition with appreciable adsorption on the metal surface. Modification and grafting of the plant polysaccharides to enhance their inhibition efficiencies and to make them more desirable are currently being investigated. Such bio-inspired polymeric molecules thus have invaluable significance as potential alternatives for the problematic corrosion inhibitors.
Oil Production Forecasting Models and Oil End-Use Optimization Framework under Global Energy Transition Dynamics
Authors: Gbakon Kaase , Ajienka Joseph , Gogo Joshua , Iledare Omowumi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews oil (and gas) supply forecasting models and subsequently espouses atypical modeling approaches for the optimal allocation of crude oil production. This paper becomes imperative within the context of the global energy transition and the future of the oil and gas industry in Africa in general and Nigeria, in particular. A categorization framework has been utilized to classify oil supply forecasting models based on regional focus, modelling techniques, and outcomes. The log – log functional form is adopted in this paper to forecast oil production in Nigeria and subsequently optimize its allocation. A review of literature indicates that oil (and gas) supply forecasting has a long history and in recent times, there has been the tendency to rely on models that integrate engineering with economics. The models used to project oil and gas production to meet climate goals have now inputted environmental targets. This review of oil production forecast models is carried out against the backdrop of the need to optimally allocate Nigeria's future oil production to diverse uses. This will have impact on expected oil export earnings, domestic fuels’ imports, and the potential for petroleum products’ export earnings.
Economic Performance Review of Ghana's Jubilee Field: 2011-2021
Authors: Oppong Riverson , Aglina Moses 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted to review the economic performance of Ghana's Jubilee Field after more than a decade after the first oil in November 2010. The research conducted financial and operational analysis on Ghana's first discovered field, the Jubilee Field for the last ten years. The analysis included performance appraisal and qualitative evaluation of the Jubilee Field. The research question calculated the take of the project partners and ascertained the remainder of the programs contained in the plan of development for the Greater Jubilee Full Field Development.
The research shows that the Jubilee field project which was done in phases provided the contractor and partners opportunity to learn from each phase and improve upon subsequent phases. The economic performance of the field has been tremendous and provided a good return on investment for the partners. The payback period of the project was calculated based on the net cash flow to be barely five years after the first oil whilst government's total share was about 48% of the project rent. The take included royalties, taxes, additional oil entitlements and GNPC's equity share in the project while the contractor takes 52%. This was slightly different from what was calculated during the project economic analysis.
The research concluded that the project has a good return on investment and the phased approach in the execution was good for lessons learned to guide future projects and avoid some past mistakes. It was recommended among other things that the reservoir surveillance and jubilee southeast expansion which is part of the Greater Jubilee should be followed and executed according to schedule to improve the cash inflow for the project partners and government of Ghana.
Experimental Study on Gas Reservoir Pore Pressure Changes During Natural Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Porous Medium
Authors: Mohammed Nuhu , Abbas J. Abubakar , Enyi C. Godpower 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Much research has been conducted to determine the impact of gas injection settings on residual natural gas recovery and CO2 sequestration. However, little research has been conducted on how reservoir pore pressure varies during natural gas displacement by CO2 flooding. Using a core flooding experiment, this article examined the effects of gas injections on reservoir pore pressure and compression ratio. A core flooding experiment was done at 30-40 °C and 1500 psig to investigate the effect of gas injections on reservoir pore pressure and compression ratio. The CO2 injection rate and N2 booster volume were adjusted to 0.2-1.2 ml/min and 8-36 cm3, respectively. Because of the turbulence effect, high mean interstitial velocity raises the molecular kinetic energy of the gas species, which subsequently influences the molecular agitation of the gas species and so alleviates reservoir pressure and gas compression. The typical CO2 injection experiments revealed substantial compression and pore pressure rises as the injection rate increased. The trial with N2 as a booster resulted in a steady increase, which explains their low dispersion coefficient value. As a result, there is less gas mixing and compression compared with typical CO2 flooding.