bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A protocol for periprosthetic joint infections from the Northern Infection Network for Joint Arthroplasty (NINJA) in the Netherlands
Authors: Zijlstra W. P. , Ploegmakers J. J. W. , Kampinga G. A. , Toren-Wielema M. L. , Ettema H. B. , Knobben B. A. S. , Jutte P. C. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker M. ,   the Northern Infection Network for Joint Arthroplasty (NINJA), Moujahid A. Al , Doorn P. F. , ten Have B. L. E. F. , Mithoe G. , Pirii L. E. , Vlasveld I. N. , Stevens M. , van Vonderen M. G. A. , de Vries A. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint arthroplasty surgery. Treatment success depends on accurate diagnostics, adequate surgical experience and interdisciplinary consultation between orthopedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, infectious disease specialists and medical microbiologists. For this purpose, we initiated the Northern Infection Network for Joint Arthroplasty (NINJA) in the Netherlands in 2014. The establishment of a mutual diagnostic and treatment protocol for PJI in our region has enabled mutual understanding, has supported agreement on how to treat specific patients, and has led to clarity for smaller hospitals in our region for when to refer patients without jeopardizing important initial treatment locally. Furthermore, a mutual PJI patient database has enabled the improvement of our protocol, based on medicine-based evidence from our scientific data. In this paper we describe our NINJA protocol.Level of evidence: III
3D self-potential tomography of seafloor massive sulfide deposits using an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Su Zhaoyang , Tao Chunhui , Shen Jinsong , Revil André , Zhu Zhongmin , Deng Xianming , Nie Zuofu , Li Qianyu , Liu Long , Wu Tao , Zhou Jianping , Chen Dong 
Published: April 2022

Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits contain abundant metals, such as Cu, Zn, Au, and Ag, which are of growing economic interest. Currently, the exploration of SMS deposits has entered into a new stage of resource assessment, so we need a geophysical method to rapidly obtain the 3D structure of these SMS deposits. We report here a self-potential (SP) survey performed with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) at the Yuhuang hydrothermal field on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge with a water depth ranging from 1300 m to 2200 m. The electric-field sensors are attached to the tail of the AUV to record the electric field approximately 50 m above the seafloor. The electric field strength is observed to reach an amplitude of 0.6 mV/m at this known SMS deposit. SP tomography is used to obtain the 3D structure of the ore body, and benchmark numerical tests are first performed on synthetic cases to optimize the inversion algorithm parameters to estimate the ore location. The 3D SP tomography reveals a south-sloping ore body, which is 100 m long in the north–south direction and nearly 200 m long in the east–west direction. The vertical extent of the ore body is approximately 100 m. These results suggest that an AUV-based SP survey and tomography are potentially useful exploration methods to characterize the geometry of SMS deposits. This method may play an important role in resource assessment in concert with other geophysical methods, such as magnetic and induced-polarization surveys.
The First Pilot Study of an Interactive, 360° Augmented Reality Visualization Platform for Neurosurgical Patient Education: A Case Series
Authors: Lee Jonathan J. , Klepcha Maxim , Wong Marcus , Dang Phuong N. , Sadrameli Saeed S. , Britz Gavin W. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Interactive technologies are increasingly being used for patient education. Augmented reality (AR) is the technology of superimposing digital content on the reality that the user observes.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate a brand new, commercial prototype of a 360° AR visualization platform (360 ARVP) to enhance patient education for neurosurgical patients.

METHODS:
This pilot study was a single-center, single-provider study that took place in the clinic setting of the senior author. Patients were given the opportunity to use the 360 ARVP (Surgical Theater) concurrently with the neurosurgeon. All patients completed a survey on their experience with the 360 ARVP immediately after use.

RESULTS:
A total of 24 patients participated in the study. All patients (19 [79.2%] strongly agreed and 5 [20.8%] agreed) reported that using the 360 ARVP system helped improve understanding of their medical condition. The total percentage of patients who either agreed or strongly agreed that experiencing the 360 ARVP helped improve their comfort levels and that they felt included in decisions about their treatment was 95.8%. When asked to rate their level of understanding of their treatment plans on a 0 to 10 scale, the difference in means for the patients' ratings before and after the use of 360 ARVP was statistically significant (P < .0017)

CONCLUSION:
This pilot study demonstrates that AR can be used as an adjunctive tool for patient education. Patients found that the 360 ARVP increased their understanding of their medical conditions and improved their comfort level with the proposed treatments.
Odours of cancerous mouse congeners: detection and attractiveness
Authors: Gouzerh Flora , Buatois Bruno , Hervé Maxime R. , Mancini Maicol , Maraver Antonio , Dormont Laurent , Thomas Frédéric , Ganem Guila 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Chemical communication plays a major role in social interactions. Cancer, by inducing changes in body odours, may alter interactions between individuals. In the framework of research targeting non-invasive methods to detect early stages of cancer development, this study asked whether untrained mice could detect odour changes in cancerous congeners. If yes, were they able to detect cancer at an early developmental stage? Did it influence female preference? Did variations in volatile organic components of the odour source paralleled mice behavioural responses? We used transgenic mice strains developing or not lung cancer upon antibiotic ingestion. We sampled soiled bedding of cancerous mice (CC) and not cancerous mice (NC), at three experimental conditions: before (T0), early stage (T2) and late stage (T12) of cancer development. Habituation/generalisation and two-way preference tests were performed where soiled beddings of CC and NC mice were presented to wild-derived mice. The composition and relative concentration of volatile organic components (VOC) in the two stimuli types were analysed. Females did not show directional preference at any of the experimental conditions, suggesting that cancer did not influence their choice behaviour. Males did not discriminate between CC and NC stimuli at T0 but did so at T2 and T12, indicating that wild-derived mice could detect cancer at an early stage of development. Finally, although the VOC bouquet differed between CC and NC it did not seem to parallel the observed behavioural response suggesting that other types of odorant components might be involved in behavioural discrimination between CC and NC mice.
Stool is a sensitive and noninvasive source of DNA for monitoring expansion in repeat expansion disease mouse models
Authors: Zhao Xiaonan , McHugh Cassandra , Coffey Sydney R. , Jimenez Diego Antonio , Adams Elizabeth , Carroll Jeffrey B. , Usdin Karen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Repeat expansion diseases are a large group of human genetic disorders caused by expansion of a specific short tandem repeat tract. Expansion in somatic cells affects age of onset and disease severity in some of these disorders. However, alleles in DNA derived from blood, a commonly used source of DNA, usually show much less expansion than disease-relevant cells in the central nervous system in both humans and mouse models. Here we examined the extent of expansion in different DNA sources from mouse models of the fragile X-related disorders, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. We found that DNA isolated from stool is a much better indicator of somatic expansion than DNA from blood. As stool is a sensitive and noninvasive source of DNA, it can be useful for studies of factors affecting the risk of expansion, or the monitoring of treatments aimed at reducing expansion in preclinical trials, as it would allow expansions to be examined longitudinally in the same animal and allow significant changes in expansion to be observed much earlier than is possible with other DNA sources.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders prevalence and awareness of appropriate clinical practices, among Al-Madinah community in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alolayan Albraa , Alsayed Shayma S. , Salamah Ruwaa M. , Ali Khadija M. , Alsousi Mashael , Elsayed Shadia 
Published: April 2022

Background: Painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are of musculoskeletal origin and are considered the most common cause of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and awareness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in Almadinah Almunawwarah community. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted. A translated Arabic version of Fonseca's questionnaire was employed. The questionnaire asked about the participant's personal information, if they thought they had TMDs, and who to visit for therapy if necessary. These were followed by 10 items from Fonseca's questionnaire, each with a three-point scale. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 598 people. Females made up 57.1% of the participants. TMDs were present in 61% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. Males (44.3%) were less affected than females (55.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.354). Out of the 61% TMDs Positive patients, 74.1% had mild TMDs symptoms, while 20.8% and 5.1%, respectively, had moderate and severe TMDs symptoms (P = 0.05). The severity of the symptoms was unaffected by demographic data (P > 0.05). Only 40% seek care, with 64.6% selecting for a dentist and 24.6% preferring for an orthopaedic specialist (P= 0.008). Conclusions: Participants from Al-Madinah had a greater prevalence of mild TMDs. The majority of the participants had no idea who to go to for treatment. The findings of this study highlight the importance of educational activities to enhance public awareness. Fonseca's Anamnestic Index could also be considered as a useful instrument for early identification and measuring the severity of TMDs in the general population.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, December 2020
Authors: Munywoki Patrick K , Nasimiyu Caroline , Alando Moshe Dayan , Otieno Nancy , Ombok Cynthia , Njoroge Ruth , Kikwai Gilbert , Odhiambo, Dennis , Osita Mike Powel , Ouma Alice , Odour Clifford , Juma Bonventure , Ochieng Caroline A , Mutisya Immaculate , Ngere Isaac , Dawa Jeanette , Osoro Eric , Njenga M Kariuki , Bigogo Godfrey , Munyua Peninah , Lo Terrence Q , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Herman-Roloff Amy 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Urban informal settlements may be disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to overcrowding and other socioeconomic challenges that make adoption and implementation of public health mitigation measures difficult. We conducted a seroprevalence survey in the Kibera informal settlement, Nairobi, Kenya, to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Members of randomly selected households from an existing population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) provided blood specimens between 27th November and 5th December 2020. The specimens were tested for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Seroprevalence estimates were weighted by age and sex distribution of the PBIDS population and accounted for household clustering. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for individual seropositivity. Results: Consent was obtained from 523 individuals in 175 households, yielding 511 serum specimens that were tested. The overall weighted seroprevalence was 43.3% (95% CI, 37.4 – 49.5%) and did not vary by sex. Of the sampled households, 122(69.7%) had at least one seropositive individual. The individual seroprevalence increased by age from 7.6% (95% CI, 2.4 – 21.3%) among children (<5 years), 32.7% (95% CI, 22.9 – 44.4%) among children 5 – 9 years, 41.8% (95% CI, 33.0 – 51.1%) for those 10-19 years, and 54.9%(46.2 – 63.3%) for adults (≥20 years). Relative to those from medium-sized households (3 and 4 individuals), participants from large (≥5 persons) households had significantly increased odds of being seropositive, aOR, 1.98(95% CI, 1.17 – 1.58), while those from small-sized households (≤2 individuals) had increased odds but not statistically significant, aOR, 2.31 (95% CI, 0.93 – 5.74). Conclusion: In densely populated urban settings, close to half of the individuals had an infection to SARS-CoV-2 after eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. This highlights the importance to prioritize mitigation measures, including COVID-19 vaccine distribution, in the crowded, low socioeconomic settings.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.
Authors: Kaningini Gabriel Amani , Azizi Shohreh , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Mudau Fhatuwani Nixwel , Mohale Keletso Cecilia , Maaza Malik 
Published: April 2022

Background: Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much consideration due to its technological and medicinal applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles using Athrixia phylicoides DC natural extract as a reducing agent. Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: LC-MS results showed that different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to form ZnO nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis analysis confirmed the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-spherical ZnO crystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity. Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A. phylicoides DC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pure ZnO nanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.
Orthogonal decompositions in growth curve models
Authors: Klein Daniel , Žežula Ivan 
Published: April 2022

The article shows advantage of orthogonal decompositions in the standard and extended growth curve models. Using this, distribution of estimators of ρ and σ2 in the standard GCM with uniform correlation structure is derived. Also, equivalence of Hu and von Rosen conditions in the extended GCM under mild conditions is shown.
Estimating the Size of Branch-and-Bound Trees
Authors: Hendel Gregor , Anderson Daniel , Le Bodic Pierre , Pfetsch Marc E. 
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the problem of estimating the size of branch-and-bound (B&B) trees for solving mixed-integer programs. We first prove that the size of the B&B tree cannot be approximated within a factor of 2 for general binary programs, unless [Formula: see text]. Second, we review measures of progress of the B&B search, such as the well-known gap and the often-overlooked tree weight, and propose a new measure, which we call leaf frequency. We study two simple ways to transform these progress measures into B&B tree-size estimates, either as a direct projection or via double-exponential smoothing, a standard time-series forecasting technique. We then combine different progress measures and their trends into nontrivial estimates using machine learning techniques, which yield more precise estimates than any individual measure. The best method that we have identified uses all individual measures as features of a random forest model. In a large computational study, we train and validate all methods on the publicly available MIPLIB and Coral general purpose benchmark sets. On average, the best method estimates B&B tree sizes within a factor of 3 on the set of unseen test instances, even during the early stage of the search, and improves in accuracy as the search progresses. It also achieves a factor of 2 over the entire search on each of the six additional sets of homogeneous instances that we tested. All techniques are available in version 7 of the branch-and-cut framework SCIP. Summary of Contribution: This manuscript develops a method for online estimation of the size of branch-and-bound trees, thereby combining methods of mixed-integer programming and machine learning. We show that high-quality estimations can be obtained using the presented techniques. The methods are also useful in everyday use of branch-and-bound algorithms to obtain approximate search-completion information. The manuscript is accompanied by an extensive online supplement comprising the code used for our simulations and an implementation of all discussed methods in the academic solver SCIP, together with the tools and instructions to train estimators for custom instance sets.
Stochastic Planning and Scheduling with Logic-Based Benders Decomposition
Authors: Elçi Özgün , Hooker John 
Published: April 2022

We apply logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) to two-stage stochastic planning and scheduling problems in which the second stage is a scheduling task. We solve the master problem with mixed integer/linear programming and the subproblem with constraint programming. As Benders cuts, we use simple no-good cuts as well as analytic logic-based cuts we develop for this application. We find that LBBD is computationally superior to the integer L-shaped method. In particular, a branch-and-check variant of LBBD can be faster by several orders of magnitude, allowing significantly larger instances to be solved. This is due primarily to computational overhead incurred by the integer L-shaped method while generating classic Benders cuts from a continuous relaxation of an integer programming subproblem. To our knowledge, this is the first application of LBBD to two-stage stochastic optimization with a scheduling second-stage problem and the first comparison of LBBD with the integer L-shaped method. The results suggest that LBBD could be a promising approach to other stochastic and robust optimization problems with integer or combinatorial recourse. Summary of Contribution: We study an important class of optimization problems, namely, two-stage stochastic programs with integer recourse, which are known to be extremely difficult to solve in general. We focus on an application in which the second-stage problem is a scheduling problem, a first in the literature to the best of our knowledge. Our study exemplifies how one can exploit the combinatorial structure of the scheduling problem to derive novel analytic Benders cuts and use them within a branch-and-check algorithm. The proposed algorithm solves instances that are intractable for commercial solvers and state-of-the-art decomposition-based methods, such as the integer L-shaped method. We believe that our study will inspire further research in the use of hybrid logic-based optimization methods for solving stochastic combinatorial optimization problems.
Combined use of progressive tension suture and negative pressure wound therapy in large torso degloving wounds
Authors: Netto Fernando AC Spencer , Becker Mariana J , Bertoldi Ayessa , Shiroma Henriqué S , Barreto Hemanuelli , Ribeiro Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To demonstrate the associated use of progressive tension sutures (PTS) with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in large torso degloving wounds. Methods: This is a case report of two patients with large torso degloving wounds caused by trauma, both of whom were treated with combined PTS and NPWT. Statistics related to wound treatment responses are presented. Results: Initial wound area for Patient 1 was 2400cm2 and 900cm2 for Patient 2. Within 21 and 12 days, respectively, using the combined method, the following data were observed: wound reduction of 94% and 99%, respectively; a closing speed rate of 98cm2/day and 75cm2/day, respectively; and a closing percentage of 4.45% per day and 8.25% per day, respectively. Conclusion: The use of combined PTS and NPWT techniques may be useful in the treatment of traumatic degloving injuries, reducing the wound area and facilitating reconstruction.
The effects of negative pressure wound therapy on wounds with cerebrospinal fluid leakages
Authors: Nangole Ferdinand Wanjala , Agak George 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used for a variety of wounds with good outcomes. However, it is contraindicated in the management of wounds with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakages. The reason is the fear of a sudden shift of CSF fluid as a result of suction leading to brain herniation or coning. There is a paucity of data to either support or negate such claims. We aimed to determine the effect of NPWT in the management of patients with wounds with CSF leakages. Method: This was a longitudinal prospective study of patients having wounds with CSF leakages managed with NPWT in our institute. Outcome measures evaluated were changes in the level of consciousness, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, length of hospital stay, mean effluent collected, time taken for the wounds to heal/close and complications related to NPWT. Results: A total of 12 patients with wounds that had CSF leakage were managed with NPWT over two years. Of the patients, nine had wounds in communication with the brain, with three patients having spinal cord wounds. The average effluent collected on the first day of applying NPWT was 510ml, and by the third day this had fallen to approximately 200ml. The mean time taken for wounds to close was 12.3 days. There was no evidence of herniation nor any other morbidities or mortalities reported in any of our patients. Conclusion: NPWT, as indicated in this series, had a beneficial effect in the management of wounds with CSF leakage. NPWT, once applied to the wound, caused a tamponade effect that resulted in stoppage of the leakage of the CSF and did not lead to suction of the fluid, as previously thought. The dressings ensured an airtight system, preventing communication between the wound and the external environment, thus reducing sepsis while awaiting definitive wound closure.