bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Political Knowledge in Online Surveys
Authors: Kleinberg Mona S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Individuals use the internet to look up information. This has consequences for the measurement of political knowledge in self-administered online surveys. Online surveys may now include answers that were retrieved from the internet instead of a respondent’s declarative memory, thereby distorting knowledge measures. This problem has been acknowledged and studied, but existing research focuses on interventions designed to deter online searching and on methods to detect the behavior. I take a different approach and focus on the questions themselves to show that some questions are more vulnerable to bias via internet searching than others. I take advantage of interview mode differences in the 2016 ANES to examine the effect of internet access on different kinds of political knowledge questions. The study concludes with best practices recommendations for researchers wishing to improve their knowledge scales by discussing what type of questions are most likely to form a scale that retains criterion validity in the online environment.
How Can Scholars Help to Embed Institutions of Public-Sector Change? (Or Things I Wish I’d Known When I Was a Grad Student)
Authors: Moynihan Donald P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat is the purpose of the applied study of government? In this essay, I lay out one response—that scholars of this topic should help in the job of what I characterize as embedding institutions of public-sector change. Public institutions offer the key means to direct governance, but at the same time also risk becoming sclerotic, failing to adapt to public concerns. How can academics help resolve this duality, matching public values to contemporary challenges? First, we as scholars can play a role in purposeful problem framing. Second, we can study and document related behavior and empirical outcomes. Finally, we can design solutions. I illustrate these processes with examples from my own research, discussing performance management, administrative burdens, and public personnel systems.
Exact Solution to Axisymmetric Interface Crack Problem in Magneto-Piezo-Electric Transversely Isotropic Materials
Authors: Fabrikant V I 
Published: August 2022

Summary
This seems to be the first exact closed-form solution to the problem of a penny-shaped interface crack, subjected to an axisymmetric normal and tangential loading. The crack is located at the boundary between two bonded magneto-piezo-electric transversely isotropic half-spaces, made of different materials. We use the combination of Green’s functions for two different half-spaces and Fourier transform. We derive first the governing equations, which are valid for a crack of arbitrary shape. The usual approach leads to five hypersingular integral equations, we arrive at four integro-differential equations (one of them being complex). While the coefficients of the governing equations in existing publications are presented in terms of the results of the solution of a set of linear algebraic equations and are too cumbersome to be written explicitly in terms of the basic constants, our choice of the basic constants leads to quite elegant explicit expressions for these coefficients and reveals certain symmetry, which was noticed only numerically in previous publications or not noticed at all. In the particular case of axial symmetry, the problem is reduced to just one singular equation, for which an exact closed-form solution is known. We are not aware of any other publication with which our results can be compared.
Cytarabine delivered by CD44 and bone targeting redox-sensitive liposomes for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Wu Hao , Gao Yuan , Ma Jia , Hu Maosong , Xia Jing , Bao Shuting , Liu Yuxi , Feng Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) remains a serious fatal disease for the patients and effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. Based on the characteristics of the AML, we developed the CD44 and bone targeting liposomes delivery system decorated with the redox-cleavable polymer. First, ALN-HA was obtained by amination between alendronate (ALN) and hyaluronic acid (HA), and cholesterol (Chol) was coupled by a disulfide linker (-SS-) with biological reducibility to obtain the goal polymer, ALN-HA-SS-Chol, decorated the liposomes loaded with the Cytarabine (AraC). ALN-HA-SS-AraC-Lip exhibited a spherical morphology with the diameter of 117.5 nm and expanded at the environment of 10 mM dithiothreitol. Besides, compared with other groups, ALN-HA-SS-AraC-Lip showed benign hydroxyapatite affinity in vitro and bone targeting in C57/BL6 mice, also, ALN-HA-SS-AraC-Lip exhibited encouraging antitumor which significantly reduced the white blood cell amount in bone marrow and blood smear caused by AML model, besides, the dual targeting liposomes also prolong the survival time of mice. In conclusion, the bone and CD44 dual targeting liposomes with redox sensitivity could target to the leukemia stem cells regions and then uptake by the tumor cells, which would be a valuable target for the treatment of the AML.
Vasectomy in Interwar Europe: From Medical to Political Practices
Authors: Serna Elodie 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The history of vasectomy, which began at the end of the nineteenth century, was made more complex during the inter-war period. While vasectomy was used as a method of rejuvenation in many European countries and was advocated as a means of enforcing eugenicist policies, it was used also clandestinely for contraception since the late 1920s. Male sterilisation has been the subject of a transfer of knowledge from the medical to the political sphere. While doctors were discreetly going beyond the therapeutic framework, clandestine militant action was gradually organised. The networks developed beyond borders and the biography of a clandestine steriliser highlights the forms of popularisation of an expertise specific to the anarchist circles. While the practice of the operation itself questions men’s involvement in contraception, its legal treatment demonstrated the limits of personal disposal of oneself, whereas its political use underlined the stakes of reappropriation of sexual knowledge.
The Abstraction of Sovereignty: The Ottoman Empire in Early Twentieth-Century Socialist Thought
Authors: Zaman Faridah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines the way British socialists came to provide intellectual and political weight to the ‘internationalizing’ of non-European territory during and after the First World War. While there is now a substantial body of scholarship articulating the continuities between Victorian liberal imperialism and the liberal internationalism of the early twentieth century that gave rise, most notably, to the League of Nations’ mandates system, parallel developments within socialist thought in Britain have been less readily noted. Critically, leading Fabian Society intellectuals reaffirmed the late nineteenth-century belief that European powers had the legal as well as moral right to partition and internationalize territories and markets in the name of preserving peace and advancing prosperity. Indeed, in the drive to produce conceptually robust positions on problems of world order, in certain respects socialists went furthest in scope and ambition. An aspect of this dynamic is explored here by paying particular attention to the place of the Ottoman Empire in socialist discussions of international government and the mandates system.
Litchi consumption and missed meals continue to be associated with acute encephalopathy syndrome among children: an investigation of the 2019 outbreak in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India
Authors: Ponnaiah Manickam , Dikid Tanzin , Yadav Rajesh , Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley Vivian , Velusamy Saravanakumar , Vaisakh T P , Babu Binoy , Mishra Abhishek , Patel Purvi , Papanna Mohan , Velayudhan Anoop , Sharma Rajeev , Shrivastava Aakash , Jain S K , Prasad Ravindra , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Varsha , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Murhekar Manoj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Muzaffarpur district in Bihar State of India recorded a resurgence of acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) cases in the summer of 2019 after no reported outbreak in 3 y. Earlier studies generated evidence that litchi consumption and missing the previous evening's meal were associated with AES. We investigated the recent outbreak to understand the risk factors associated with AES.

Methods
We conducted a matched case-control study by comparing AES cases with healthy controls from case-households and the neighborhood community for risk factors like missing evening meal and litchi consumption before onset of AES.

Results
We recruited 61 cases and 239 controls. Compared with the community controls, case-patients were five times more likely to have reported eating litchi in the 7 d preceding the onset of illness (adjusted OR [AOR]=5.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 19) and skipping the previous evening's meal (AOR=5.2; 95% CI 1.4 to 20). Compared with household controls, case-patients were five times more likely to be children aged &lt;5 y (AOR=5.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 22) and seven times more likely to have skipped the previous evening's meal (AOR=7.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 34).

Conclusions
Skipping the previous evening's meal and litchi consumption were significantly associated with AES among children in Muzaffarpur and adjoining districts of Bihar.
Human cytomegalovirus strain diversity and dynamics reveal the donor lung as a major contributor after transplantation
Authors: Külekci Büsra , Schwarz Stefan , Brait Nadja , Perkmann-Nagele Nicole , Jaksch Peter , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Goerzer Irene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMixed human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain infections are frequent in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). To date, the influence of the donor (D) and recipient (R) HCMV serostatus on intra-host HCMV strain composition and viral population dynamics after transplantation is only poorly understood. Here, we investigated ten pre-transplant lungs from HCMV-seropositive donors and 163 sequential HCMV-DNA-positive plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from fifty LTRs with multiviremic episodes post-transplantation. The study cohort included D+R+ (38 per cent), D+R− (36 per cent), and D−R+ (26 per cent) patients. All samples were subjected to quantitative genotyping by short amplicon deep sequencing, and twenty-four of them were additionally PacBio long-read sequenced for genotype linkages. We find that D+R+ patients show a significantly elevated intra-host strain diversity compared to D+R− and D−R+ patients (P = 0.0089). Both D+ patient groups display significantly higher viral population dynamics than D− patients (P = 0.0061). Five out of ten pre-transplant donor lungs were HCMV DNA positive, whereof three multiple HCMV strains were detected, indicating that multi-strain transmission via lung transplantation is likely. Using long reads, we show that intra-host haplotypes can share distinctly linked genotypes, which limits overall intra-host diversity in mixed infections. Together, our findings demonstrate donor-derived strains as the main source of increased HCMV strain diversity and dynamics post-transplantation. These results foster strategies to mitigate the potential transmission of the donor strain reservoir to the allograft, such as ex vivo delivery of HCMV-selective immunotoxins prior to transplantation to reduce latent HCMV.
Defense Surveillance System at the Interface: Response of Rice Towards Rhizoctonia solani During Sheath Blight Infection
Authors: Acharya Udita , Das Troyee , Ghosh Zhumur , Ghosh Anupama 
Published: August 2022

Sheath blight of rice caused by necrotrophic plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most common fungal diseases of rice leading to significant yield loss. Among the defense responses exhibited by the host plants towards fungal infections, those functional within the apoplast contribute significantly. Here, we have studied apoplastic defense response of rice towards R. solani during sheath blight infection. The transcriptome of R. solani–infected rice plants was compared with that of uninfected rice, to identify the set of defense genes that undergo differential expression and code for proteins with a predicted N-terminal signal peptide. Significant changes in the stress-responsive, molecular signal perception, protein modification, and metabolic process pathways represented by a group of differentially expressed genes were observed. Our data also revealed two secreted protease inhibitors from rice that exhibit increased expression during R. solani infection and induce disease resistance when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Somatic ablation of IKKβ in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice but hepatic IKKβ deletion improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Silva Vagner Ramon R. , Molinaro Angela , Gaudi Andrea Usseglio , Fryk Emanuel , Sardi Claudia , Hammarlund Maria , Mjörnstedt Filip , Johansson Maria E. , Becattini Barbara , Jansson Per‐Anders , Solinas Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe kinase IKKβ controls pro‐inflammatory gene expression, and its activity in the liver and leukocytes was shown to drive metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. However, it was also proposed that liver IKKβ signaling protects obese mice from insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing XBP1s protein stability. Furthermore, mice lacking IKKβ in leukocytes display increased lethality to lipopolysaccharides. This study aims at improving our understanding of the role of IKKβ signaling in obesity. We induced IKKβ deletion in hematopoietic cells and liver of obese mice by Cre‐LoxP recombination, using an INF‐inducible system, or a liver‐specific IKKβ deletion in obese mice by adenovirus delivery of the Cre recombinase. The histopathological, immune, and metabolic phenotype of the mice was characterized. IKKβ deletion in the liver and hematopoietic cells was not tolerated in mice with established obesity exposed to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and exacerbated liver damage and ER‐stress despite elevated XBP1s. By contrast, liver‐specific ablation of IKKβ in obese mice reduced steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of de‐novo lipogenesis genes. We conclude that IKKβ blockage in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice exposed to TLR3 agonists. However, selective hepatic IKKβ ablation improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of lipogenic genes.
Imaging techniques for assessment of vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Frech Tracy M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Vascular assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is included in classification criteria for this disease, thus routinely used in the evaluation of patients in which this diagnosis is being considered. In this review, imaging techniques for assessment of vascular involvement in SSc hands and skin are discussed.

Recent findings
Longitudinal use of imaging techniques has important implications for understanding the progressive vasculopathy and fibrotic transition in SSc. Nailfold and oral capillaroscopy as well as laser speckle contrast analysis are established techniques for vascular functional assessment, but longitudinal use is challenged by equipment costs and clinical time constraints. Ultrasound techniques are well described but require technical training. Advances in mobile infrared thermography and optical coherence tomography could potentially provide a point-of-care, quantitative outcome measure in clinical trials and practice.

Summary
The equipment cost, technical training, data standardization, and invasiveness of vascular assessment techniques that quantify morphological (microangiopathy) and functional (blood flow reduction) are critical for implementation into SSc clinical trials and practice to understand progressive vasculopathy, such as wound development.
One-Year Outcomes of Standalone XEN Gel Stent Versus Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy
Authors: Touboul Arnaud , Fels Audrey , Morin Adèle , Bensmail Djawed , Lachkar Yves 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
The nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) procedure resulted in significantly more surgical success than the standalone XEN gel stent procedure without differences in safety profile.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare surgical success and safety profile of NPDS and XEN gel stent.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 328 eyes of 282 patients who were scheduled for standalone XEN gel stent surgery (n=140) or NPDS (n=188) at Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph between January 2017 and December 2018 was conducted. Primary outcome measure was the proportion of surgical success 12 months after surgery. Complete and qualified surgical successes were defined by intraocular pressure (IOP)≤18 mm Hg and a reduction of IOP≥20% without or with hypotensive medication, respectively.

Results:
In total, 82 eyes were included in the XEN group and 124 eyes in the NPDS group. In the 1-eye analysis, rates of “complete success” and “qualified success” were, respectively, at the end of follow-up, 28.57% and 20.00% in the XEN group, and 42.72% and 16.50% in the NPDS group (P=0.17). Success probability plots based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate for overall surgical success demonstrated a median success probability time of 3.73 years for the NPDS group and 2.38 years for the XEN group (P<0.0001). After adjustment for confounding variables using Cox regression, the NPDS procedure was significantly more associated with surgical success than the XEN gel stent implantation (P<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in terms of reduction of antiglaucoma medications, needling procedures, or reoperations.

Conclusions:
The NPDS procedure may be more effective than the XEN gel stent in reducing IOP in patients with open angle glaucoma and may result in longer surgical success. However, a well-conducted prospective randomized study is required to confirm these results.
The Impact of Simulation-Based Trabeculectomy Training on Resident Core Surgical Skill Competency
Authors: Annoh Roxanne , Buchan John , Gichuhi Stephen , Philippin Heiko , Arunga Simon , Mukome Agrippa , Admassu Fisseha , Lewis Karinya , Makupa William , Otiti-Sengeri Juliet , Kim Min , MacLeod David , Burton Matthew J. , Dean William H. 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
Simulation-based surgical education shows a positive, immediate, and sustained impact on core surgical skill competency in trabeculectomy among resident ophthalmologists in training.

Purpose:
To measure the impact of trabeculectomy, surgical simulation training on core surgical skill competency in resident ophthalmologists.

Materials and Methods:
This is a post hoc analysis of the GLAucoma Simulated Surgery trial, which is a multicenter, multinational randomized controlled trial. Resident ophthalmologists from 6 training centers in sub-Saharan Africa (in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and South Africa) were recruited according to the inclusion criteria of having performed zero surgical trabeculectomies and assisted in <5. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control arms using allocation concealment. The intervention was a 1-week intensive trabeculectomy surgical simulation course. Outcome measures were mean surgical competency scores in 8 key trabeculectomy surgical skills (scleral incision, scleral flap, releasable suturing, conjunctival suturing, sclerostomy, tissue handling, fluidity, and speed), using a validated scoring tool.

Results:
Forty-nine residents were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Baseline characteristics were balanced between arms. Median baseline surgical competency scores were 2.88/16 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.75–4.17] and 3.25/16 (IQR: 1.83–4.75) in the intervention and control arms, respectively. At primary intervention, median scores increased to 11.67/16 (IQR: 9.58–12.63) and this effect was maintained at 3 months and 1 year (P=0.0001). Maximum competency scores at primary intervention were achieved in the core trabeculectomy skills of releasable suturing (n=17, 74%), scleral flap formation (n=16, 70%), and scleral incision (n=15, 65%) compared with scores at baseline.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the positive impact of intensive simulation-based surgical education on core trabeculectomy skill development. The rapid and sustained effect of resident skill acquisition pose strong arguments for its formal integration into ophthalmic surgical education.
Patients with periodontitis are at a higher risk of stroke: A Taiwanese cohort study
Authors: Hsu Pei-Wei , Shen Yen-Wen , Syam Syamsiah , Liang Wen-Miin , Wu Trong-Neng , Hsu Jui-Ting , Fuh Lih-Jyh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the risk of stroke incidence in patients with periodontitis.

Methods:
Data on patients diagnosed with periodontitis were collected from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and were matched (1:1) with patients without periodontitis between 2001 and 2010. A multivariable Cox survival model was used to predict stroke between patients with and without periodontitis, and the possibility of confounders. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to explore the risk of stroke in the case and control groups. Diseases found during the follow-up period were analyzed to determine possible effects on the study. A total of 282,560 periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients were enrolled, with most subjects aged 40-59 years.

Results:
The overall cumulative incidence of stroke was 2.14 times higher in periodontitis than in non-periodontitis, and the highest HR was in the >80 years age group (HR=9.30; 95% CI, 7.06-12.26). The multivariate Cox model indicated that the adjusted HR (aHR) between the case and control was 2.03 (95% CI, 1.99-2.08), and a higher aHR was associated with hypertension. Atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, obesity, kidney disease, anxiety, and gout discovered during follow-up also showed a potential risk of stroke in patients with periodontitis.

Conclusion:
Therefore, this study suggests a high risk of stroke in patients with periodontitis.