bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Optimization Forests
Authors: Kallus Nathan , Mao Xiaojie 
Published: June 2022

We study contextual stochastic optimization problems, where we leverage rich auxiliary observations (e.g., product characteristics) to improve decision making with uncertain variables (e.g., demand). We show how to train forest decision policies for this problem by growing trees that choose splits to directly optimize the downstream decision quality rather than split to improve prediction accuracy as in the standard random forest algorithm. We realize this seemingly computationally intractable problem by developing approximate splitting criteria that use optimization perturbation analysis to eschew burdensome reoptimization for every candidate split, so that our method scales to large-scale problems. We prove that our splitting criteria consistently approximate the true risk and that our method achieves asymptotic optimality. We extensively validate our method empirically, demonstrating the value of optimization-aware construction of forests and the success of our efficient approximations. We show that our approximate splitting criteria can reduce running time hundredfold while achieving performance close to forest algorithms that exactly reoptimize for every candidate split. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, data science. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1846210]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4458 .
Dysphagia in the older person: an update
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: June 2022

Dysphagia is a common condition in the older person. Linda Nazarko provides an update on its identification and managementDysphagia is thought to affect around 4 million people in the UK. It becomes more common as people age and is associated with frailty and poor outcomes. This article aims to update practice nurses on the clinical features of dysphagia, how to identify it, when to refer and how it is managed.
Design and simulation of a hybrid coated LPG-TFBG-FBG three-parameter sensor for an ocean environment
Authors: Yan Yuxuan , Gu Zhengtian , Jiang Huiping , Li Zhengyuan , Wu Jinyi , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2022

Based on the demand for monitoring conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) in the ocean, a hybrid coated long-period fiber grating, tilted fiber Bragg grating, and fiber Bragg grating (LPG-TFBG-FBG) structure is proposed, which could eliminate the mutual interference of CTD in measurements. First, according to coupled mode theory and phase matching conditions, the coupling equation of each segment of the grating is deduced. Next, through the difference iterative method, the total transfer matrix of coated LPG-TFBG-FBG is obtained. Then, to improve the sensitivity of the structure and make the demodulation more accurate and convenient, the structure of the grating is optimized. On this basis, the transmission spectrum of the structure is simulated, and three peaks formed by coupling the forward core mode with the forward cladding mode in LPG (

λ
L

c
l

), the backward high-order cladding mode in TFBG (

λ

TB

c
l

), and the backward cladding mode in FBG (

λ
B

c
l

) are investigated. Furthermore, the sensing characteristics of the surrounding refractive index (SRI), temperature, and water pressure of the peaks are analyzed, and the three peaks show different sensitivities to environmental parameters. Therefore, a three-parameter matrix equation is established, and the three parameters can be measured simultaneously without interference. The simulation results of the response of the three transmission peaks to the three parameters show good performance in both bandwidth (less than 5 nm) and linearity (all larger than 0.99). The maximum sensitivities of the three transmission peaks to SRI, temperature, and water pressure are

−

343

n
m

/

R
I
U

,

−

1318.7

p
m

/

∘

C

, and

−

9.5

n
m

/

M
p
a

, respectively. Finally, the condition number of the parametric demodulation matrix is 581.5822, indicating that the inversion of the resonant wavelength offset has high precision. To our knowledge, this is the first optical fiber CTD sensor based on fiber gratings that can compensate for each other regarding CDT. The proposed coated LPG-TFBG-FBG structure has good linearity and high sensitivity, which give this structure great application potential in the fields of multi-parameter sensing and segmented sensing.
Defining and utilizing individualized learning objectives to achieve learning priorities for global health leaders
Authors: Schleiff Meike , Hahn Elizabeth , Dolive Caroline , James Lillian , Atwell Melanie , Hansoti Bhakti 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Learning objectives (LOs) are a common tool used to define learning goals and guide curricula. As the field of global health has expanded, more rigorous and tailored approaches to effectively teach the next generation of the workforce are needed. The STAR project developed and utilized individualized LOs as the basis for on-the-job learning plans for senior global health leaders from low- and middle-income countries and from the US.

Methods
We analyzed basic demographic information and LOs from 36 STAR fellows. Descriptive statistics provided an overview of the STAR fellows, competency areas and planned outputs of their LOs. We utilized qualitative thematic analysis to further explore the LOs themselves.

Results
STAR fellows were based in the US and in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The majority had over 10 years of experience and at least one advanced degree. Fellows commonly worked on LOs related to capacity strengthening, communications, and development practice. Capacity strengthening LOs focused on mentorship, decision-making, and technical skills such as data analysis. Communications LOs focused on language skills, dissemination of information, and writing. Development practice LOs included gaining understanding of key stakeholders in global health and building effective partnerships and teams.

Discussion
Our experience developing tailored LOs provided deeper understanding of diverse learning needs of global health leaders. While not representative of all global health learners, we captured priorities of senior US- and LMIC-based leaders and identified common themes for learning. Despite the labor required to tailor curricula in this way, more global health education programs can benefit by integrating similar processes.
Interaction of background genetic risk, psychotropic medications, and primary angle closure glaucoma in the UK Biobank
Authors: Sekimitsu Sayuri , Wang Jiali , Elze Tobias , Segrè Ayellet V. , Wiggs Janey L. , Zebardast Nazlee 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims
Psychotropic medications have been reported as a risk factor for angle closure disease. However, the interaction between background genetic risk for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and susceptibility to angle closure disease among psychotropic medication users has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate the utility of a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) in identifying and risk-stratifying subjects with PACG and investigate the association between PACG genetic burden and exposure to psychotropic medications on prevalent angle closure.

Methods
This analysis used the UK Biobank dataset, a prospective cohort study of 502,506 UK residents. We constructed a PACG PRS for participants using genome-wide association study summary statistics from a multiethnic meta-analysis using the Lassosum method.

Results
Among the 441,054 participants, 959 (0.22%) were identified as PACG cases. Individuals with PACG had higher PRS compared to those without PACG (0.24±1.03 SD vs. 0.00±1.00 SD, p<0.001) and PACG prevalence increased with each decile of higher PRS. Among individuals using psychotropic medication, those with PACG had higher average PRS (0.31±1.00 SD vs. 0.00±1.00 SD, p<0.001) and were more likely to have a PRS in upper deciles of polygenic risk (p = 0.04). At each decile of PRS, psychotropic medication use was associated with increased risk of PACG. These effects were more pronounced and significant in higher deciles.

Conclusion
We demonstrate the utility of a PRS for identifying individuals at higher risk of PACG. Additionally, we demonstrate an important relationship where the association between psychotropic medications use and PACG diagnosis varies across the polygenic risk spectrum.
Repeated information of benefits reduces COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy: Experimental evidence from Germany
Authors: Burger Maximilian Nicolaus , Mayer Matthias , Steimanis Ivo 
Published: June 2022

Background
Many countries, such as Germany, struggle to vaccinate enough people against COVID-19 despite the availability of safe and efficient vaccines. With new variants emerging and the need for booster vaccinations, overcoming vaccination hesitancy gains importance. The research to date has revealed some promising, albeit contentious, interventions to increase vaccination intention. However, these have yet to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates.

Methods & results
We conducted a preregistered survey experiment with N = 1,324 participants in Germany in May/June 2021. This was followed by a series of emails reminding participants to get vaccinated in August and concluded with a follow-up survey in September. We experimentally assess whether debunking vaccination myths, highlighting the benefits of being vaccinated, or sending vaccination reminders decreases hesitancy. In the survey experiment, we find no increase in the intention to vaccinate regardless of the information provided. However, communicating vaccination benefits over several weeks reduced the likelihood of not being vaccinated by 9 percentage points, which translates into a 27% reduction compared to the control group. Debunking vaccination myths and reminders alone also decreased the likelihood, yet not significantly.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that if soft governmental interventions such as information campaigns are employed, highlighting benefits should be given preference over debunking vaccination myths. Furthermore, it seems that repeated messages affect vaccination action while one-time messages might be insufficient, even for increasing vaccination intentions. Our study highlights the importance of testing interventions outside of survey experiments that are limited to measuring vaccination intentions—not actions—and immediate changes in attitudes and intentions—not long-term changes.
Performance Costume: New Perspectives and Methods, Sofia Pantouvaki and Peter McNeil (eds) (2021)
Authors: Sisson Elaine 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Performance Costume: New Perspectives and Methods, Sofia Pantouvaki and Peter McNeil (eds) (2021)
London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 398 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35009-879-4, p\bk, €22.96 (£22.99/USD 30.95)
Endodontic Challenges in the Management of Multiple Pulp Stones and Root Canal Calcification - A Case Report
Authors: Melia Heptania  , Wandania Farahanny  , Trimurni Abidin  
Published: June 2022

Root canal calcification is currently a challenging and interesting case for endodontists. Removing microorganisms and their by-products from the root canal system is the goal of root canal treatment. Worse outcomes from root canal procedures can occur due to root canal calcification, as it can block access to the root canal and hinder cleaning and shaping. Iatrogenic errors may occur in the treatment of such cases which will lead to failure of endodontic treatment. This case report describes a 20-year-old woman with multiple pulp stones in the pulp chamber of the mandibular left first molar. In addition, there were also calcified root canals in the mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals. The patient had asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and had to undergo endodontic treatment. Several challenges were faced in this case. The initial challenge was to determine the location of the pulp stone in the pulp chamber. Radiographs taken from multiple angles, as well as a direct assessment of the cavity during access preparation, addressed this initial challenge. Retrieval of the pulp stone which in this case is the embedded type that was carried out by grinding it with the help of an ultrasonic tip. Other difficult challenges were avoiding perforation of the pulp chamber floor during treatment, especially when removing the pulp stone, and identifying the location of the orifice. With clinical knowledge, magnification aids and ultrasonic tips, successful treatment in this challenging case was achieved.
Calcific metamorphosis, sometimes known as pulp canal obliteration (PCO), is the extensive formation of tertiary dentin in the pulp chamber leading to circumferential narrowing of the pulp chamber and root canal.[1] According to the AAE (American Academy of Endodontics), PCO is radiographic evidence of increased dentin production mainly in response to trauma. The result is a calcified canal and does not necessarily indicate pulp disease.[2] Pulp calcification is a common occurrence. The incidence varies, but overall it can be estimated that 50 % of teeth have one or more calcifications.[3]
There is no evidence to explain whether pulp calcification is a pathological process associated with various forms of injury or natural phenomena.[3] In general, the pulp chamber becomes progressively smaller and often very small, a phenomenon known as calcified metamorphosis or obliteration of the pulp canal. Dentin can be accelerated by caries, trauma, abrasion, restoration, and periodontal disease and is not uniform.[1]
Calcifications are divided into denticle (pulp stones) and diffuse (linear) calcifications. Pulp stones are divided into free, attached, and embedded types. Pulp stones tend to be found in the coronal pulp, and diffuse calcifications are found in the radicular pulp. It has been speculated that the nidi of calcification arise from degenerating nerves or blood vessels, but this has not been proven.[1
Management of Wounds of Peripheral Arterial Disease Using Platelet Rich Plasma
Authors: Kshitija Ajay Chandanwale  , Chandrashekhar C. Mahakalkar  , Abhishek Keruappa Kothule  , Dhiraj Vashdev Khithani  
Published: June 2022

In ‘Financial or Other Competing Interests’ it should have been
Financial or Other Competing Interests : Financial assistance given by ICMR
rather than
Financial or Other Competing Interests: None.
On the behavior of the first eigenvalue of thep-Laplacian with Robin boundary conditions aspgoes to 1
Authors: Della Pietra Francesco , Nitsch Carlo , Oliva Francescantonio , Trombetti Cristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Γ-limit, asp→1{p\to 1}, of the functionalJp⁢(u)=∫Ω|∇⁡u|p+β⁢∫∂⁡Ω|u|p∫Ω|u|p,J_{p}(u)=\frac{\int_{\Omega}\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p}+\beta\int_{\partial\Omega% }\lvert u\rvert^{p}}{\int_{\Omega}\lvert u\rvert^{p}},where Ω is a smooth bounded open set inℝN{\mathbb{R}^{N}},p>1{p>1}and β is a real number. Among our results, forβ>-1{\beta>-1}, we derive an isoperimetric inequality forΛ⁢(Ω,β)=infu∈BV⁡(Ω),u≢0⁡|D⁢u|⁢(Ω)+min⁡(β,1)⁢∫∂⁡Ω|u|∫Ω|u|\Lambda(\Omega,\beta)=\inf_{u\in\operatorname{BV}(\Omega),\,u\not\equiv 0}% \frac{\lvert Du\rvert(\Omega)+\min(\beta,1)\int_{\partial\Omega}\lvert u\rvert% }{\int_{\Omega}\lvert u\rvert}which is the limit asp→1+{p\to 1^{+}}ofλ⁢(Ω,p,β)=minu∈W1,p⁢(Ω)⁡Jp⁢(u){\lambda(\Omega,p,\beta)=\min_{u\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)}J_{p}(u)}. We show that among all bounded and smooth open sets with given volume, the ball maximizesΛ⁢(Ω,β){\Lambda(\Omega,\beta)}whenβ∈(-1,0){\beta\in(-1,0)}and minimizesΛ⁢(Ω,β){\Lambda(\Omega,\beta)}whenβ∈[0,∞){\beta\in[0,\infty)}.
Construction of partially degenerate Bell–Bernoulli polynomials of the first kind and their certain properties
Authors: Khan Waseem A. , Kamarujjama Mohammad , Daud  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Various applications of degenerate polynomials in different areas call for the thoughtful study and
research, and many extensions and variants can be found in the literature. In this paper, we introduce partially degenerate
Bell–Bernoulli polynomials of the first kind and investigate their properties and identities.
Furthermore, we introduce a generalized form of partially degenerate Bell–Bernoulli polynomials of the first kind
and derive some interesting properties and identities.
The results obtained are of general character and can be reduced to yield formulae and identities
for relatively simple polynomials and numbers.
Analyzing and forecasting financial series with singular spectral analysis
Authors: Makshanov Andrey , Musaev Alexander , Grigoriev Dmitry 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modern techniques for managing multidimensional stochastic processes that reflect the dynamics of unstable environments are proactive, which refers to decision making based on forecasting the system’s state vector evolution. At the same time, the dynamics of open nonlinear systems are largely determined by their chaotic nature, which leads to a violation of stationarity and ergodicity of the series of observations and, as a result, to a catastrophic decrease in the efficiency of forecasting algorithms based on traditional methods of multivariate statistical data analysis. In this article, we make an attempt to reduce the instability influence by employing singular spectrum analysis (SSA) algorithms. This technique has been employed in a wide class of applied data analysis problems formulated in terms of singular decomposition of data matrices: technologies of immunocomputing and SSA.
Improved quantitative unique continuation for complex-valued drift equations in the plane
Authors: Davey Blair , Kenig Carlos , Wang Jenn-Nan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the quantitative unique continuation properties of complex-valued solutions to drift equations in the plane.
We consider equations of the form

Δ
⁢
u

+

W
⋅

∇
⁡
u

=
0

{\Delta u+W\cdot\nabla u=0}

in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

,
where

W
=

W
1

+

i
⁢

W
2

{W=W_{1}+iW_{2}}

with each

W
j

{W_{j}}

being real-valued.
Under the assumptions that

W
j

∈

L

q
j

{W_{j}\in L^{q_{j}}}

for some

q
1

∈

[
2
,
∞
]

{q_{1}\in[2,\infty]}

,

q
2

∈

(
2
,
∞
]

{q_{2}\in(2,\infty]}

and that

W
2

{W_{2}}

exhibits rapid decay at infinity,
we prove new global unique continuation estimates.
This improvement is accomplished by reducing our equations to vector-valued Beltrami systems.
Our results rely on a novel order of vanishing estimate combined with a finite iteration scheme.
Attribution identification of terrestrial ecosystem evolution in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Hou Jun , Wang Jianwei , Qin Tianling , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Xin , Yan Sheng , Li Chenhao , Feng Jianming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the impacts of different driving factors on terrestrial ecosystem evolution. The Yellow River Basin was selected as the study area, of which terrestrial ecosystem was deeply affected by climatic change and human activities. We constructed four scenarios (including without any impacts, affected by climate change, by human activities and by both impacts), and the discrepancies between them reflected the impacts of climate change or human activities. Based on this, the future land use simulation model was used to simulate the land use distribution under the four scenarios, and then, the ecosystem services values (ESV) and landscape patterns index were evaluated. The results indicated that affected by climate change during 1995–2015, the Mean Patch Area of the forestland decreased by 0.19% and the landscape patterns became fragmented. Meanwhile, the total ESV decreased by 0.03 billion dollars and the ecosystem regulation services were weakened. Under the influences of human activities, the Contagion index decreased by 1.71% and the landscape patterns became dispersed. Simultaneously, the total ESV increased by 0.56 billion dollars, but the function tends to be unitary. In addition, these effects showed great spatial heterogeneity. This study provides scientific support for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin.
Inverse of Berge’s maximum theorem in locally convex topological vector spaces and its applications
Authors: Li Wen , Li Deyi , Feng Yuqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the inverse of Berge’s maximum theorem is established in a locally convex topological vector space. Using this result, the generalized Gale–Nikaido–Debreu’s lemma and the generalized coincidence point theorem are derived from the equilibrium theorem of generalized games. By combining the inverse of Berge’s maximum theorem with the generalized coincidence point theorem, the equilibrium theorem of the generalized game is obtained immediately. Finally, we show that Fan–Glicksberg’s fixed point theorem and von Neumann’s lemma can be derived directly from the coincidence point theorem.
Multilingual pedagogies in first versus foreign language contexts: a cross-country study of language teachers
Authors: Calafato Raees 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article reports on a study that used the online MULTITEACH questionnaire to examine the relationship between the multilingual pedagogies 111 language teachers, employed in upper-secondary schools in Norway and Russia, reported implementing, their beliefs about how multilingualism benefitted students and teachers, and their self-assessed ability to teach language aspects and skills. The study also investigated whether sociobiographical variables and participants’ language habits outside of work affected their beliefs about multilingualism benefitting their students and implementation of multilingual pedagogies. The findings revealed that participants utilized multilingual pedagogies least frequently when teaching in first language contexts and that those who used foreign languages outside of work applied such pedagogies more frequently than participants who did not. Moreover, their beliefs about multilingualism benefitting their students were positively predicted by their beliefs about multilingualism benefitting teachers and negatively predicted by their support of the monolingual approach to language learning and teaching.