bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timber Provision on Soft Soils in Forests Providing Protection Against Natural Hazards: A Productivity and Cost Analysis Using the Koller 507 in the Horizontal Yarding Direction in Switzerland
Authors: Schweier Janine , Werder Marc , Bont Leo G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForest soils can be sensitive to traffic for various reasons, such as a high water table and the absence of sturdy ground, both of which can lead to fragile ground conditions under wet weather conditions. Extracting timber from such stands is a challenge, and cable-based systems might be the best option. While damage to the remaining stand and to the soil during extraction is not always avoidable, the use of cable-based systems completely eliminates ground-based traffic in the case of fully suspended loads and at least reduces soil compaction, soil surface damage and erosion. From a technical viewpoint, cable-based systems can be applied in most forest types and at almost any time if they are equipped properly and with an appropriate configuration (e.g. with all-terrain cable yarders). However, only a few previous studies have been focused on the productivity and related costs that can be expected when cable-based systems are used in flat and environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, we evaluated a forest operation using a Koller tower yarder with the aim to develop a productivity model that makes it possible to predict the productivity of comparable yarding operations beforehand and estimate related costs. In June 2021, we collected data from 473 cubic metres over bark (m3ob) during 104.25 h of commercial operation. We analysed the resulting 276 work cycles using ordinary least squares regression models. We categorised the work steps into felling (28.3%), yarding (68.0%) and piling (3.7%). The average yarding cycle time was 10.77 ± 5.40 min and resulted in an average yarding productivity of 9.95 m3ob PMH15−1. The variable payload, which was suboptimal in the analysed case, was the predictor with the greatest impact on productivity. Production costs were 86.65 CHF m3ob−1 at roadside, corresponding to 80.59 € m3ob−1.
Grounding Functionalism and Explanatory Unificationism
Authors: STAMATIADIS-BRÉHIER ALEXIOS 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I propose a functionalist theory of grounding (functionalist-grounding). Specifically, I argue that grounding is a second-order phenomenon that is realized by relations that play the noncausal explanatoriness role. I also show that functionalist-grounding can deal with a powerful challenge. Appeals to explanatory unificationism have been made to argue that the success of noncausal explanations does not depend on the existence of grounding relations. Against this, I argue that a systematization involving functionalist-grounding is superior to its anti-relational counterpart.
Examining competition during the agnathan/gnathostome transition using distance-based morphometrics
Authors: Scott Bradley R. , Anderson Philip S. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rise of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and extinction of nearly all jawless vertebrates (agnathans) is one of the most important transitions in vertebrate evolution, but the causes are poorly understood. Competition between agnathans and gnathostomes during the Devonian period is the most commonly hypothesized cause; however, no formal attempts to test this hypothesis have been made. Generally, competition between species increases as morphological similarity increases; therefore, this study uses the largest to date morphometric comparison of Silurian and Devonian agnathan and gnathostome groups to determine which groups were most and least likely to have competed. Five agnathan groups (Anaspida, Heterostraci, Osteostraci, Thelodonti, and Furcacaudiformes) were compared with five gnathostome groups (Acanthodii, Actinopterygii, Chondrichthyes, Placodermi, and Sarcopterygii) including taxa from most major orders. Morphological dissimilarity was measured by Gower's dissimilarity coefficient, and the differences between agnathan and gnathostome body forms across early vertebrate morphospace were compared using principal coordinate analysis. Our results indicate competition between some agnathans and gnathostomes is plausible, but not all agnathan groups were similar to gnathostomes. Furcacaudiformes (fork-tailed thelodonts) are distinct from other early vertebrate groups and the least likely to have competed with other groups.
Prosocial activity in later life: are informal help and care associated with volunteering and charity?
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O. , Hämäläinen Hans , Arpino Bruno , Danielsbacka Mirkka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOlder adults' engagement in various prosocial activities is a salient question in present-day societies that aim to promote active ageing. However, there are only a few studies focusing on associations between several types of prosocial activities, and they have rarely considered help to relatives and friends separately. Moreover, there is lack of studies considering informal monetary help and charity donations when analysing multiple prosocial activities. Using population-based data of older Finns (N = 2,184), we examined whether providing informal help (i.e.practical help, financial support or personal care) to relatives and friends is associated with participation in volunteering and charity, respectively. Overall, 5 per cent of the participants provided all examined forms of informal help and volunteered, 16 per cent provided two types of help and volunteered, and 23 per cent provided one type of help and volunteered. In addition, 9 per cent of the participants provided all types of informal help and made charitable donations, 33 per cent provided two types of help and made charitable donations, and 54 per cent provided one type of help and made charitable donations. Practical help and care channelled outside the household were associated with an increased probability of volunteering, although they were not associated with the probability of making charitable donations. Practical help, financial support and personal care provided to friends were particularly important predictors of volunteering and charity. These results are discussed in the context of the role overload and role extension hypotheses.
Development and feasibility of a communication training to assist caregivers with advanced care planning
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Gebert Rebecca , Behrens Mia , Loschiavo Morgan , Parker Patricia A. , Shaffer Kelly M. , Carver Alan , Diamond Eli L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveCaregivers are critical in advanced care planning (ACP) discussions, which are difficult but necessary to carry out patients’ goals of care. We developed and evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a communication training to equip caregivers of patients with malignant brain tumors with skills to navigate ACP conversations.MethodCaregivers completed a 2-h virtual training addressing ACP Discussions with Your Loved One and ACP Discussions with the Medical Team. A pre-training assessment was completed at baseline and a training evaluation was completed one day post-training. A subset of participants completed semi-structured interviews 2 months post-training.ResultsOf 15 caregivers recruited, 9 attended the training and 4 completed qualitative interviews. Post-training, 40% felt confident in discussing ACP with loved ones and 67% felt confident doing so with healthcare professionals; 100% reported feeling confident in using skills learned in the training to facilitate these conversations. Data from qualitative interviews highlighted additional benefits of the training in empathic communication skills and fostering social support.Significance of resultsOur communication skills training shows promise in supporting caregivers’ skills and confidence in engaging in ACP discussions with patients and healthcare providers. A future randomized controlled trial with a larger and more diverse caregiving sample is needed to determine training efficacy.
The authors of economics journals revisited: evidence from a large-scale replication of Hodgson and Rothman (1999)
Authors: Aistleitner Matthias , Kapeller Jakob , Kronberger Dominik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present results from of a large-scale replication of Hodgson and Rothman's (1999, The Economic Journal, 109(453): 165–186) seminal analysis of the institutional and geographical concentration of authors publishing in top economic journals. We analyze bibliometric data of more than 49,000 articles published in a set of 30 highly influential economic journals between 1990 and 2018. Based on a random sample of 3,253 authors, we further analyze the PhD-granting institutions of the authors under study to better scrutinize the claim of an ‘institutional oligopoly’. The findings confirm the long-term persistence of strong oligopolistic structures in terms of both, author affiliations as well as PhD-granting institutions.
Decadal Cooling Events in the South Indian Ocean During the Argo Era
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhuang Wei , Wu Zelun , Meng Lingsheng , Edwing Deanna , Edwing Kelsea , Wang Lina , Yan Xiao‐Hai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the rapid warming in the south Indian Ocean (SIO) during the recent two decades, the upper 300 m of the tropical southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) experienced significant cooling during 2005–2011. The decreasing rate of the observed temperature reached −0.50 ± 0.1°C/decade. Heat budget analysis reveals that the cooling trend over SWIO results from the competing effect between local air‐sea heat flux and horizontal heat advection. Moreover, all the three observational datasets indicate that in the subtropical SIO, a prolonged cooling event occurred beneath the thermocline during 2010–2016. Although there exist some discrepancies between the observations and estimating the circulation and climate of the ocean (ECCO) reanalysis before 2010, the observations and ECCO reanalysis agree in terms of the post–2010 temperature variability in the intermediate layer of the subtropical region, probably because of the better constraint of the ECCO assimilation product by the increased sampling of Argo floats in the deeper ocean. The heat budget analysis indicates that during the period 2010–2016, the decadal cooling in the 400–1,000 m layer is primarily modulated by vertical ocean advection, and the horizontal ocean advection makes a secondary contribution. This study expands our knowledge of the decadal temperature variability and heat balance in the SIO during the Argo era.
Enhanced Atmospheric Pollutants Strengthened Winter Convective Mixing and Phytoplankton Blooms in the Northern Arabian Sea
Authors: Sridevi B. , Sarma V. V. S. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recent increase in atmospheric pollutants (aerosols) over the northern Indian Ocean due to an increase in industrial activity in South and Southeast Asia decreased air temperature (AT) leading to the strengthening of winter convective mixing and promotion of phytoplankton blooms in the northern Arabian Sea (AS). To test this hypothesis, the variability in meteorological and surface ocean properties was analyzed for a period of 4 decades (1979–2018) in the northern AS. The total and anthropogenic aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased at a rate of 0.05 and 0.07 per decade respectively in the recent decades associated with a decrease in AT over the northern AS during winter. The estimated decrease in AT due to increasing AOD accounts for 0.18°C over the AS and it is close to that of the mean decrease in AT from 1994 to 2018 of 0.25°C. This increased the difference in temperature between the sea surface and atmosphere and enhanced specific humidity in the atmosphere resulting in the strengthening of convective mixing in the northern AS as evidenced by the deepening of the depth of 20°C isotherm in the recent decades during winter. Enhanced nutrient concentration and phytoplankton biomass were observed in the photic zone during winter further confirming that convective mixing strengthened in the recent decades in the northern AS than hitherto hypothesized as weakening due to the warming of the Eurasian landmass. The enhanced nutrients supported diatoms blooms, which are prey for Noctiluca scintillans to initiate the bloom in the AS in the recent decades.
Paleomagnetic Constraints From 925 Ma Mafic Dykes in North China and Brazil: Implications for the Paleogeography of Rodinia
Authors: Hu Yuyang , Zhao Xixi , Peng Peng , Yang Fengli , D'Agrella‐Filho Manoel S. , Chen Weiwei , Xu Mingchen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoeval Neoproterozoic mafic dykes with a well‐constrained isotopic age of 925 Ma are distributed in the North China Craton (NCC) of China and São Francisco Craton (SFC) of Brazil. Several recent studies favor the hypothesis that these two cratons were connected during 925 Ma and constituted building cratons for the supercontinent Rodinia. However, the paleo‐positions of the two cratons in Rodinia have not yet been paleomagnetically resolved. This paper presents the paleomagnetic results of these dykes in both NCC and SFC. Detailed thermal and alternating‐field demagnetization revealed that these dykes record stable components of magnetization with unblocking temperatures below the Curie temperature of magnetite. Rock magnetic results and scanning electron microscope analysis further confirm that the major magnetic minerals in dyke samples are pseudo‐single domain titanomagnetites. The mean directions of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the dykes are distinct from those of rocks of different ages in the sampling localities, and are supported by positive baked contact tests, indicating primary remanent magnetization. The ChRM of the SFC dykes also exhibits dual polarity. Our results suggest that the NCC and SFC were in the moderate to high paleolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during approximately 925 Ma, suggesting a possible paleogeographic connection between the two cratons. A new paleogeographic reconstruction of both cratons during 925 Ma is proposed, which is supported by other geological evidence.
Clone wars: From molecules to cell competition in intestinal stem cell homeostasis and disease
Authors: Colozza Gabriele , Park So-Yeon , Koo Bon-Kyoung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe small intestine is among the fastest self-renewing tissues in adult mammals. This rapid turnover is fueled by the intestinal stem cells residing in the intestinal crypt. Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating intestinal stem cell renewal and differentiation, and the dysregulation of this pathway leads to cancer formation. Several studies demonstrate that intestinal stem cells follow neutral drift dynamics, as they divide symmetrically to generate other equipotent stem cells. Competition for niche space and extrinsic signals in the intestinal crypt is the governing mechanism that regulates stemness versus cell differentiation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, and it is not yet clear how this process changes during disease. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms that regulate stem cell homeostasis in the small intestine, focusing on Wnt signaling and its regulation by RNF43 and ZNRF3, key inhibitors of the Wnt pathway. Furthermore, we summarize the evidence supporting the current model of intestinal stem cell regulation, highlighting the principles of neutral drift at the basis of intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing how cancer cells bypass this mechanism to gain a competitive advantage against neighboring normal cells.
Genetic aetiologies for childhood speech disorder: novel pathways co-expressed during brain development
Authors: Kaspi Antony , Hildebrand Michael S. , Jackson Victoria E. , Braden Ruth , van Reyk Olivia , Howell Tegan , Debono Simone , Lauretta Mariana , Morison Lottie , Coleman Matthew J. , Webster Richard , Coman David , Goel Himanshu , Wallis Mathew , Dabscheck Gabriel , Downie Lilian , Baker Emma K. , Parry-Fielder Bronwyn , Ballard Kirrie , Harrold Eva , Ziegenfusz Shaun , Bennett Mark F. , Robertson Erandee , Wang Longfei , Boys Amber , Fisher Simon E. , Amor David J. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Bahlo Melanie , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildhood apraxia of speech (CAS), the prototypic severe childhood speech disorder, is characterized by motor programming and planning deficits. Genetic factors make substantive contributions to CAS aetiology, with a monogenic pathogenic variant identified in a third of cases, implicating around 20 single genes to date. Here we aimed to identify molecular causation in 70 unrelated probands ascertained with CAS. We performed trio genome sequencing. Our bioinformatic analysis examined single nucleotide, indel, copy number, structural and short tandem repeat variants. We prioritised appropriate variants arising de novo or inherited that were expected to be damaging based on in silico predictions. We identified high confidence variants in 18/70 (26%) probands, almost doubling the current number of candidate genes for CAS. Three of the 18 variants affected SETBP1, SETD1A and DDX3X, thus confirming their roles in CAS, while the remaining 15 occurred in genes not previously associated with this disorder. Fifteen variants arose de novo and three were inherited. We provide further novel insights into the biology of child speech disorder, highlighting the roles of chromatin organization and gene regulation in CAS, and confirm that genes involved in CAS are co-expressed during brain development. Our findings confirm a diagnostic yield comparable to, or even higher, than other neurodevelopmental disorders with substantial de novo variant burden. Data also support the increasingly recognised overlaps between genes conferring risk for a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding the aetiological basis of CAS is critical to end the diagnostic odyssey and ensure affected individuals are poised for precision medicine trials.
Three-Dimensional Orientation of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Morales Jorge Rolando Ortiz , López Laura , Herrera Juan Sebastián , Martínez José Tomás , Buitrago Giancarlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the three-dimensional orientation of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by calculating the angles of inclination in relation to the axial plane which is given for the knee joint line in a group of healthy individuals. These could help to establish guidelines that may be used for the surgical positioning of bone tunnels during ACL reconstruction. A total of 290 MRI scans of patients with integrity of the ACL were evaluated; three observers identified the coordinates of the femoral and tibial insertion sites, then it is defined the vector and evaluated its angles with respect to axial axis and calculated the angles with trigonometric equations. The data were analyzed according to the age, sex, side, BMI, and height of the patients, and the interobserver reliability was calculated. The patient demographics were as follows: age average: 45 years old, BMI average: 27.1, 54% right knees, and 60% female. The average angle for all the measurements was 76.95 degrees (SD ± 6.8 degrees) in the sagittal plane, 81.65 degrees (SD ± 7.79 degrees) in the coronal plane and 33.17 degrees (SD ± 4.98 degrees) in the axial plane. No statistically significant differences were found between the categorical variables mentioned; moderate to substantial interobserver reliability strength was found with an average kappa of 0.791 for all measurements. The three-dimensional orientation of the native ACL in a group of healthy individuals was established. The findings can be helpful for performing anatomical reconstructions of the ACL in injured patients using as reference the average calculated angles, or measure of the contralateral non-injured knee for surgical planning; these results serve as a basis for the design of a technique that optimizes the three-dimensional position of the ACL when it undergoes reconstruction in the trend toward greater precision for better functional results. Biomechanical and clinical-surgical studies are required to further evaluate our results.
Does Preoperative Opioid Consumption Influence Patient Satisfaction following Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Smith Austin F. , Smith Nolan S. , Smith Langan S. , Yakkanti Madhusudhan R. , Malkani Arthur L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic opioid use prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been implicated in adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome measures and patient satisfaction in patients with a history of preoperative chronic opioid use undergoing primary TKA. A retrospective cohort study was performed on 296 consecutive patients undergoing primary TKA. Seventy-four (25%) patients were identified with chronic preoperative opioid use (study group; 22 males, 52 females). A 3:1 matched cohort ratio of control versus study group was utilized resulting in a control group consisting of 222 patients (97 males, 125 females) without chronic opioid use prior to surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in age, BMI, or follow-up. Average follow-up was 23.4 months in the control group and 23.6 months in the study group (p = 0.87). Clinical data including patient satisfaction (Likert score), Knee Society (KS) Knee scores, KS Function scores, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), length of stay (LOS), and complications were evaluated. Patient satisfaction at the most recent visit was 92.8% in the control group versus 83.8% in the chronic opioid group (p = 0.0016). Differences in patient-reported outcomes measures comparing the control and study cohorts included KS Function Score of 83.23 versus 75.31 (p = 0.0034). The FJS of 63.7 versus 58 (p = 0.1883) and the KS Knee Score of 89.5 versus 88.1 (p = 0.4075) were not significant. Postoperative opioid usage for the control versus the study group was 62/222 (27.9%) versus 56/74 (75.7%) at 4 to 8 weeks (p <0.0001), and 4/222 (1.80%) versus 27/74 (36.5%) at 12 months (p <0.0001). Overall complication occurrence was 18.9% in the study group versus 11.3% in the control group (p = 0.11). Patients with history of chronic preoperative opioid use had significantly lower patient satisfaction and KS Function scores and increased postoperative opioid usage at 12 months compared with patients without a history of opioid use prior to TKA.
Computational Investigation of the Aza-Cope Rearrangement Leading to Angularly Substituted 1-Azabicyclic Rings
Authors: Maryasin Boris , Meyrelles Ricardo , Fetisleam Yener 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA computational study of the aza-Cope rearrangement leading to angularly substituted 1-azabicyclic ring systems is presented. The calculations estimate the probability of the proton transfer between reaction intermediates and protic solvents, explain the experimentally observed reaction selectivity, and suggest new potentially more efficient systems for further in vitro and in silico investigations.