bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐season plant cover supports more effective pest control than insecticide applications
Authors: Rowen Elizabeth K. , Pearsons Kirsten A. , Smith Richard G. , Wickings Kyle , Tooker John F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that conservation agricultural practices, like no‐till and cover crops, help protect annual crops from insect pests by supporting populations of resident arthropod predators. While adoption of conservation practices is growing, most field crop producers are also using more insecticides, including neonicotinoid seed coatings, as insurance against early‐season insect pests. This tactic may disrupt benefits associated with conservation practices by reducing arthropods that contribute to biological control. We investigated the interaction between preventive pest management (PPM) and the conservation practice of cover cropping. We also investigated an alternative pest management approach, integrated pest management (IPM), which responds to insect pest risk, rather than using insecticides prophylactically. In a 3‐year corn (Zea mays mays L.)–soy (Glycine max L.) rotation, we measured the response of invertebrate pests and predators to PPM and IPM with and without a cover crop. Using any insecticide provided some small reduction to plant damage in soy, but no yield benefit. In corn, vegetative cover early in the season was key to reducing pest density and damage, likely by increasing the abundance of arthropod predators. Further, PPM in year 1 decreased predation compared to a no‐pest‐management control. Contrary to our expectation, the IPM strategy, which required just one insecticide application, was more disruptive to the predator community than PPM, likely because the applied pyrethroid was more acutely toxic to a wider range of arthropods than neonicotinoids. Promoting early‐season cover was more effective at reducing pest density and damage than either intervention‐based strategy. Our results suggest that the best pest management outcomes may occur when biological control is encouraged by planting cover crops and avoiding broad‐spectrum insecticides as much as possible. As part of a conservation‐based approach to farming, cover crops can promote natural‐enemy populations that can help provide biological effective control of insect pest populations.
Modeling landslide generated waves using the discontinuous finite element method
Authors: Pan Wei , Kramer Stephan C. , Piggott Matthew D. , Yu Xiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new two‐layer model for impulsive wave generation by deformable granular landslides is developed based upon a discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization. Landslide motion is modeled using a depth‐averaged formulation for a shallow subaerial debris flow, which considers the bed curvature represented by the local slope angle variable and accounts for inter‐granular stresses using Coulomb friction. Wave generation and propagation are simulated with the three‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic coastal ocean model Thetis to accurately capture key features such as wave dispersion. Two different techniques are used in treating wetting and drying (WD) processes during the landslide displacement and wave generation, respectively. For the lower‐layer landslide motion across the dry bed a classical thin‐layer explicit WD method is implemented, while for the resulting free‐surface waves interacted with the moving landslide an implicit WD scheme is utilized to naturally circumvent the artificial pressure gradient problem which may appear in the dynamic interaction between the landslide and water if using the thin‐layer method. The two‐layer model is validated using a suite of test cases, with the resulting good agreement demonstrating its capability in describing both the complex behaviors of granular landslides from initiation to deposition, and the consequent wave generation and propagation.
Impact of bioconvection on the free stream flow of a pseudoplastic nanofluid past a rotating cone
Authors: Puneeth Venkatesh , Sarpabhushana Manjunatha , Anwar Muhammad S. , Aly Emad H. , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the current work, the repercussions of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the three‐dimensional free stream flow of tangent hyperbolic (pseudoplastic) nanofluid past a rotating cone are explored. The tangent hyperbolic model expresses the characteristics of a shear‐thinning nanofluid. Furthermore, oxytactic microorganisms were used as mixers to actively stabilize the nanoparticles. The movement of these microorganisms within the nanofluid gives rise to a major phenomenon termed bioconvection. The flow of nanofluid past a rotating cone finds applications in the field of nuclear reactors, biomedical applications, solar power collectors, steam generators, and so on. The mathematical model is designed using Buongiorno's model that describes the two major slip mechanisms experienced by the nanoparticles moving within a fluid namely thermophoretic force and Brownian motion. The model thus formed is nondimensionalized using the apt similarity transformation. The resulting system is solved by the technique by adapting the shooting method. The velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile density profiles are graphically interpreted for different flow parameters involved in the study. It was observed that thermophoresis reduces concentration and enhances the temperature whereas Brownian motion enhanced both temperature and concentration profiles. Also, the increase in the mixed convection parameter effectively decreased the temperature of the nanofluid.
Parametric and design optimization investigation of a wavy fin and tube air heat exchanger using the T‐G technique
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to optimize the air‐side performance of a wavy fin and tube heat exchanger at different design parameters on an individual target response using the Taguchi method. However, a statistical concept, gray relational analysis, is also studied for combined optimization, considering all target responses at a time. Based on the heat exchanger requirement, parametric study for the air‐side is regarded as a more significant heat transfer and lower frictional factor. Experimental correlations were available and used for the 27 orthogonal runs. Investigation revealed the highest 47.06% fin pitch, 37.24% fin pitch, 25.46% air velocity, and 23.9% fin thickness contribution ratio for the target response of friction factor (TPF), heat transfer coefficient, and Colburn factor, respectively, with the application of the Taguchi method in a heat exchanger. GRG gives an optimum set of design parameters, A3B3C2D1E3F2G1, for wavy fin and tube of fin pitch of 6 mm, tube row number of 6, waffle height 1.8 mm, fin thickness 0.12 mm, and air velocity 5 m/s. Also, longitudinal tube pitch is 27.5 mm, and transverse tube pitch of 24.8 mm, at which TPF is maximum while the friction factor is minimal. The Colburn factor is the most significant, minor friction factor, and the heat transfer coefficient and TPF are the most considerable in GRG. Hence, an improved heat transfer performance design of a wavy fin and tube heat exchanger is achieved using the above techniques.
Quantitative statistical shape model‐based analysis of humeral head migration, Part 2: Shoulder osteoarthritis
Authors: Verhaegen Filip , Meynen Alexander , Pitocchi Jonathan , Debeer Philippe , Scheys Lennart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe wanted to investigate the quantitative characteristics of humeral head migration (HHM) in shoulder osteoarthritis (OA) and their possible associations with scapular morphology. We quantified CT‐scan‐based‐HHM in 122 patients with a combination of automated 3D scapulohumeral migration (=HHM with respect to the scapula) and glenohumeral migration (=HHM with respect to the glenoid) measurements. We divided OA patients in Group 1 (without HHM), Group 2a (anterior HHM) and Group 2b (posterior HHM). We reconstructed and measured the prearthropathy scapular anatomy with a statistical shape model technique. HHM primarily occurs in the axial plane in shoulder OA. We found “not‐perfect” correlation between subluxation distance AP and scapulohumeral migration values (rs = 0.8, p < 0.001). Group 2b patients had a more expressed prearthropathy glenoid retroversion (13° vs. 7°, p < 0.001) and posterior glenoid translation (4 mm vs. 6 mm, p = 0.003) in comparison to Group 1. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated prearthropathy glenoid version as a significant predictor of HHM (χ² = 27, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the pathologic version could explain 56% of subluxation distance‐AP variance and 75% of the scapulohumeral migration variance (all p < 0.001). Herewith, every degree increase in pathologic glenoid retroversion was associated with an increase of 1% subluxation distance‐AP, and scapulohumeral migration. The occurrence of posterior HHM is associated with prearthropathy glenoid retroversion and more posterior glenoid translation. The reported regression values of HHM in the function of the pathologic glenoid version could form a basis toward a more patient‐specific correction of HHM.
Identifying the source of spurious signals caused by B0 inhomogeneities in single‐voxel 1H MRS
Authors: Shams Zahra , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Boer Vincent O. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Wiegers Evita C. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeSingle‐voxel MRS (SV MRS) requires robust volume localization as well as optimized crusher and phase‐cycling schemes to reduce artifacts arising from signal outside the volume of interest. However, due to local magnetic field gradients (B0 inhomogeneities), signal that was dephased by the crusher gradients during acquisition might rephase, leading to artifacts in the spectrum. Here, we analyzed this mechanism, aiming to identify the source of signals arising from unwanted coherence pathways (spurious signals) in SV MRS from a B0 map.MethodsWe investigated all possible coherence pathways associated with imperfect localization in a semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi‐LASER) sequence for potential rephasing of signals arising from unwanted coherence pathways by a local magnetic field gradient. We searched for locations in the B0 map where the signal dephasing due to external (crusher) and internal (B0) field gradients canceled out. To confirm the mechanism, SV‐MR spectra (TE = 31 ms) and 3D‐CSI data with the same volume localization as the SV experiments were acquired from a phantom and 2 healthy volunteers.ResultsOur analysis revealed that potential sources of spurious signals were scattered over multiple locations throughout the brain. This was confirmed by 3D‐CSI data. Moreover, we showed that the number of potential locations where spurious signals could originate from monotonically decreases with crusher strength.ConclusionWe proposed a method to identify the source of spurious signals in SV 1H MRS using a B0 map. This can facilitate MRS sequence design to be less sensitive to experimental artifacts.
Simultaneous multislice steady‐state free precession myocardial perfusion with full left ventricular coverage and high resolution at 1.5 T
Authors: McElroy Sarah , Ferrazzi Giulio , Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Evans Carl , Ferreira Joana , Bosio Filippo , Mughal Nabila , Kunze Karl P. , Neji Radhouene , Speier Peter , Stäb Daniel , Ismail Tevfik F. , Masci Pier Giorgio , Villa Adriana D. M. , Razavi Reza , Chiribiri Amedeo , Roujol Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo implement and evaluate a simultaneous multi‐slice balanced SSFP (SMS‐bSSFP) perfusion sequence and compressed sensing reconstruction for cardiac MR perfusion imaging with full left ventricular (LV) coverage (nine slices/heartbeat) and high spatial resolution (1.4 × 1.4 mm2) at 1.5T.MethodsA preliminary study was performed to evaluate the performance of blipped controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) and RF‐CAIPI with gradient‐controlled local Larmor adjustment (GC‐LOLA) in the presence of fat. A nine‐slice SMS‐bSSFP sequence using RF‐CAIPI with GC‐LOLA with high spatial resolution (1.4 × 1.4 mm2) and a conventional three‐slice sequence with conventional spatial resolution (1.9 × 1.9 mm2) were then acquired in 10 patients under rest conditions. Qualitative assessment was performed to assess image quality and perceived signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) on a 4‐point scale (0: poor image quality/low SNR; 3: excellent image quality/high SNR), and the number of myocardial segments with diagnostic image quality was recorded. Quantitative measurements of myocardial sharpness and upslope index were performed.ResultsFat signal leakage was significantly higher for blipped CAIPI than for RF‐CAIPI with GC‐LOLA (7.9% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.010). All 10 SMS‐bSSFP perfusion datasets resulted in 16/16 diagnostic myocardial segments. There were no significant differences between the SMS and conventional acquisitions in terms of image quality (2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.8) or perceived SNR (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.3). Inter‐reader variability was good for both image quality (ICC = 0.84) and perceived SNR (ICC = 0.70). Myocardial sharpness was improved using the SMS sequence compared to the conventional sequence (0.37 ± 0.08 vs 0.32 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between measurements of upslope index for the SMS and conventional sequences (0.11 ± 0.04 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03, p = 0.84).ConclusionSMS‐bSSFP with multiband factor 3 and compressed sensing reconstruction enables cardiac MR perfusion imaging with three‐fold increased spatial coverage and improved myocardial sharpness compared to a conventional sequence, without compromising perceived SNR, image quality, upslope index or number of diagnostic segments.
‘Wallis and Futuna Have Never Been a Colony’: A Non‐sovereign Island Territory Negotiating Primary Education with Metropolitan France
Authors: Prinsen Gerard , Lotti Allison , Worliczek Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWallis and Futuna are a French overseas collectivity in Oceania. In 1969, the French state formally ceded responsibility for the territory's primary education to the Catholic mission and reimburses related expenses. Against this backdrop, this article uses the negotiations about primary education between these two non‐sovereign island territories and their colonial metropole to explore islanders' views of the relationship. We conducted interviews with eight representatives of local institutions associated with primary education and we analyzed relevant official agreements. Our analysis suggests that, from the islanders' perspective, the negotiations with metropolitan France about policies and funding for primary education are driven by different identities located within a shared national identity. We find these identities are not merely different, but complementary in a non‐hierarchical fashion. We also find that these identities seem to be mutually constituted between metropolitans and islanders through negotiations that are often adversarial and—from the islanders' view—predicated on detailed knowledge of the history of these negotiations. In addition, the resulting education policies regularly see primary schools receiving unequal treatment in comparison to schools in metropolitan France. However, in counterweight, islanders can also succeed in giving unequal treatment to metropolitan regulations by bending them to suit local interests or values.
Event‐triggered finite‐time guaranteed cost control for networked Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy switched systems under denial of service attacks
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Hongbin , Shi Kaibo , Zhou Kun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe issue of event‐triggered guaranteed cost control (GCC) for networked T‐S fuzzy switched systems in the sense of finite‐time is addressed in this article. A unified event‐based augmented fuzzy switched systems under the denial of service (DoS) attacks is formulated, which leads to the system switching more complex. Using a controller‐mode Lyapunov functional approach, sufficient conditions are developed to guarantee the finite‐time boundedness (FTB) of the system. Then, a criterion is also proposed to obtain the triggering parameters and controller gains simultaneously. Finally, simulation examples demonstrated the validity of the approach.
Lewis Acid Zn(OTf)2 Catalyzed Synthesis ofImidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by [3+2] Annulation of 2‐Amino Pyridines and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Medishetti Nagaraju , Ittamalla Chaitanya , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Atmakur Krishnaiah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel synthetic protocol for functionalized imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines were accomplished in one pot by reacting 2‐amino pyridines and propargylic alcohols promoted by lewis acid catalyst. The protocol presented herein, proceeds via Meyer‐Schuster type of rearrangement leading to in situ generation of electron deficient allene and subsequent nucleophilic attack of amines followed by intramolecular cyclization in [3+2] cycloaddition fashion leading to title compounds. Simple reaction conditions, excellent yields and high compatibility are the advantages of this protocol.
Facile Synthesis of Hydrophobic Loofah‐Chitin Aerogel for Efficient Removal of Benzene and Toluene
Authors: Liu Hong , Guo Feng , Lv Qiang , Li An‐ming , Xu Wei‐chao , Zhang Xue‐han 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe benzene series is a representative water‐soluble pollutant generated from oil spills. This study reports the synthesis of a novel methyltrimethoxysilane‐coated loofah–chitin aerogel (MLCA) via a solvothermal process to remove benzene and toluene from an aqueous phase. The resultant MLCA was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MLCA exhibited good adsorption capacities for benzene (Qt, 4.6 mg) and toluene (Qt, 5.5 mg) removal because of its large specific surface area as well as abundant pores and adsorption sites. The adsorption isotherm data were accurately fitted using the Langmuir model. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic model was more consistent with the pseudo‐first order model. Further calculation of the thermodynamic parameters, namely ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS, illustrated the adsorption equilibrium and mechanism. Because the loofah sponge is a low‐cost raw material with abundant biomass, the resulting MLCA shows great promise for use as an efficient adsorbent to remove organic pollutants from sea water.
The Importance of Nonequilibrium to Equilibrium Transition Pathways for the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xin Jingming , Feng Jirui , Lin Baojun , Naveed Hafiz Bilal , Xue Jingwei , Zheng Nan , Ma Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControlled morphology of solution‐processed thin films have realized impressive achievements for non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA)–based organic solar cells (OSCs). Given the large set of donor–acceptor pairs, employing various processing conditions to realize optimal morphology for high efficiency and stable OSCs is a strenuous task. Therefore, comprehensive correlations between processing conditions and morphology evolution pathways have to be developed for efficient performance and stability of devices. Within the framework of the blend system, crystallization transitions of NFA molecules are tracked utilizing the first heating scan of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement correlating with respective morphology evolution of blend films. Real‐time dynamics measurements and morphology characterizations are combined to provide optimal morphology transition pathways as NFA molecules are shown to be released from the mixed‐phase to form balanced ordered packing with variant processing conditions. Polymer:NFA films are fabricated using blade coating incorporating solvent additive or thermal annealing as processing conditions as a correlation is formulated between performance and stability of solar cells with morphology transition pathways. This work demonstrates the significance of processing condition‐controlled transition pathways for the realization of optimal morphology leading to superior OSC devices.
Quantifying Molecular Dynamics within Complex Cellular Morphologies using LLSM‐FRAP
Authors: Colin‐York Huw , Heddleston John , Wait Eric , Karedla Narain , deSantis Michael , Khuon Satya , Chew Teng‐Leong , Sbalzarini Ivo F. , Fritzsche Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantifying molecular dynamics within the context of complex cellular morphologies is essential toward understanding the inner workings and function of cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is one of the most broadly applied techniques to measure the reaction diffusion dynamics of molecules in living cells. FRAP measurements typically restrict themselves to single‐plane image acquisition within a subcellular‐sized region of interest due to the limited temporal resolution and undesirable photobleaching induced by 3D fluorescence confocal or widefield microscopy. Here, an experimental and computational pipeline combining lattice light sheet microscopy, FRAP, and numerical simulations, offering rapid and minimally invasive quantification of molecular dynamics with respect to 3D cell morphology is presented. Having the opportunity to accurately measure and interpret the dynamics of molecules in 3D with respect to cell morphology has the potential to reveal unprecedented insights into the function of living cells.
Of seekers and nonseekers: Characteristics of Covid‐19‐related information‐seeking behaviors
Authors: Link Elena , Baumann Eva , Czerwinski Fabian , Rosset Magdalena , Suhr Ralf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring health crises like the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic, it is crucial that individuals are able and willing to adequately respond to information. Individuals who deliberately seek information have an enhanced capacity to act on it and are capable of informed assessments of risks and self‐protective behaviors. In contrast, overexposure to Covid‐19 news as well as non‐seeking can constitute information‐related inequalities and hamper individuals’ coping with the health crisis. Having this global health communication challenge in mind, our research aims to understand what characterizes non‐, medium, and frequent seekers, considering sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, health status, affective risk responses, efficacy assessments, trust in information sources, and satisfaction with information. This study is based on data of the second wave of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) Germany. Among 2602 participants, analysis revealed that 23.3% of the respondents did not actively seek information about Covid‐19, while 34.3% of them intensively monitored information. Nonseekers, compared to medium and frequent seekers, were characterized by a lower socioeconomic status, lower affective risk responses, lower perceived information‐related self‐efficacy, and lower trust in information sources. These findings provide indications for strategic health approaches and can guide initiatives to address adequate use of health information.