bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student-Driven Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CUREs) Projects in Identifying Vaginal Microorganism Species Communities to Promote Scientific Literacy Skills
Authors: Yang Ye , Wang Min , Sang Wei-Lin , Zhang Ying-Ying , Liu Wei , Wu Su-Fang 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesWe aim to build a students' own engagement in original microbiological course-based undergraduate research experience (CUREs) model served two research and teaching scientific purposes including students' scientific literacy skills and instructors' role, which could further be applied as contribution to broader scientific knowledge and conduct novel research in their future research experience and careers.MethodsWe describe a student-driven CUREs model on the microorganism species in female vaginal using general bacterial culture techniques and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to enable students to center experimental research method under the direction of instructors. A total of 8 undergraduate students and 5 instructors from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine participated in the project. The CUREs were divided in four operating scopes: project planning, implementation, summarizing and feedback phases. Instructors help students to develop learning research goals.ResultsThis project helped students to gain “hard skills” experiences in scientific theoretical research process and technical practices. Students reached the conclusion that Lactobacillus species dominated the primary vaginal microbiota in reproductive-age women, 16S rRNA sequencing is a method widely applied for microbiology detection. CUREs also increased students' engagement in scientific experiments and promote 3 learning goals in “soft skills”: (1) Develop students' self-study and efficacy ability, expression capability and professional research communication skills; (2) Strengthen students' motivation and ownership in science research, overcoming failure, benefitting persistence and patience, building professional science identity, competence, and confidence in collaboration, implement spirit of rigorous and carefulness; (3) Obtain authorship, independent and logical thinking capability, summarizing ability and confidence enhancement. Instructors proposed guiding research question for the students and determine evidence in achieving pedagogical goals in CUREs.ConclusionsOur microbiological CUREs project served two scientific purposes: research and teaching, which increase students' engagement in promoting learning gains in scientific research skills, ownership, identity development, and spirit of motivation, self-efficacy, persistence, collaboration, communication, as well as opportunities to make relevant scientific discoveries. These abilities equipped them with essential foundation for the subsequent collaborative experiments and future scientific study.
How the First Year of COVID-19 Affected Elective Pediatric Urology Patients: A Longitudinal Study Based on Waiting Lists and Surveys From 10 European Centers
Authors: Juul Nikolai , Cazals Aurélie , Hofmann Aybike , Amesty Virginia , Verkauskas Gilvydas , Dobrowolska-Glazar Barbara , Holmdahl Gundela , Escolino Maria , Birraux Jacques , Kovacs Tamas , Kalfa Nicolas , Fossum Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 impacted healthcare systems worldwide, and elective surgical activity was brought to a minimum. Although children were not primarily affected by the disease, pediatric urology was halted by clinical closedown and staff allocation. We aimed to document how these prioritizations affected waiting lists, and to investigate how European centers dealt with the challenge of these logistical and financial prioritizations.Materials and MethodsThis was a 1-year prospective study, starting March 2020. Participants were surveyed at 3-month intervals about waiting lists for several common procedures as well as OR capacity and funding. Further, centers retrospectively reported on surgical and outpatient activity rates during 2019–2021. Waiting list tendencies were evaluated in relation to study baseline.ResultsA marked decrease in surgical and outpatient activity was seen in the spring of 2020. Some included pediatric urology centers were able to increase their budget (15%) and staff working hours (20%) during part of the study period. Still, at the end of the study, the centers had increased the total number of patients on waiting lists with 11%, whereas the average days on waiting lists had accumulated with 73%, yielding a total of 6,102 accumulated waiting days in the study population. Centers with decreased resources had markedly negative effects on waiting lists.ConclusionsCorrelations between COVID-19 derived burdening of healthcare systems and the availability of pediatric urology greatly depends on the prioritizations made at individual centers. Ongoing monitoring of these correlations is warranted to safely avoid unnecessary negative impact on the pediatric population.
Prostate Cancer Patterns and Trends in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa; 1998–2017
Authors: Ramaliba Thendo Michael , Sithole Nomfuneko , Ncinitwa Akhona , Somdyala Nontuthuzelo I. M. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundGlobally, prostate cancer is rated the second most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death. In South Africa, it is ranked as leading cancer among men. This study describes prostate cancer patterns and trends in the rural Eastern Cape Province population.MethodologySecondary data were used from which a sample of 723 prostate cancer (C61) patients was extracted from the database into STATA version 14.0 for descriptive analysis. A direct standardization method was used to estimate age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates. Keyfitz method was used to calculate the standard error and confidence interval, whereas the Joinpoint program the annual percentage change.ResultsThe mean age was 64 years, with a standard deviation of 9.9. Trends in prostate cancer incidence increased significantly (p = 0.026) from 7.4% in 2010 to 12.6% in 2017. Incidence rates varied across the region, with the lowest of 4.5 per 100,000 in 1998 to the highest of 21.4 per 100,000 in 2017 period. Lusikisiki had the highest incidence rates of 53.4 per 100,000 population (95% CI 0.8–61.4), while Centane with 21.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 2.3–27.6) rated the second. Other magisterial areas showed a constant increase (p &gt; 0.05) throughout the observation period except for Idutywa and Willowvale, with no apparent increase. Conversely, in Butterworth, incidence rates decreased from 15.2 per 100 000 (95% CI 8.6–21.9) to 11.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 6.2–16.7).ConclusionAs experienced globally and regionally, prostate cancer has become a public health concern in this population. Incidence variations across the surveillance area in the Eastern Cape were noted with hotspots.
Sun Protection Behavior in Danish Outdoor Workers Following a Multicomponent Intervention
Authors: Jakobsen Marie Munk , Mortensen Ole Steen , Grandahl Kasper 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundOutdoor workers can be exposed to relatively high levels of ultraviolet radiation and are at risk of developing occupational skin cancer. Implementing the use of sun protection in outdoor workers at work is therefore important. The objective of this follow-up study was to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention to improve the use of sun protection in Danish outdoor workers.MethodA total of 237 Danish outdoor workers were asked to complete surveys in 2016/17 and in 2020. Multicomponent interventions, between surveys, included information on skin cancer risk and use of sun protection, personal dosimetry and skin examination for signs of photodamage and skin cancer. Survey items on awareness of occupational skin cancer risk and perceived importance of sun protection as well as availability and use of sun protection at work were compared and analyzed in relation to the multicomponent intervention.ResultsOverall, the use of sun protection at work increased significantly (composite score [95% CI] 4.0 [3.7, 4.3] in 2016/17 and 4.6 [4.3, 4.9] in 2020, p &lt; 0.001). Sunscreen was by far the biggest contributor, and the only type of sun protection used at work, which changed significantly (often/always use 37% in 2016/17 and 52% in 2020, p &lt; 0.001). The biggest influence on the increased use of sun protection at work seemed to be a significant increase in the awareness of occupational skin cancer risk (moderate/high 43% in 2016/17 and 63% in 2020, p &lt; 0.001) and perceived importance of sun protection at work (moderate/high 69% in 2016/17 and 83% in 2020, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that awareness of occupational skin cancer risk as well as the perceived importance and use of sun protection at work in Danish outdoor workers may be improved by means of multicomponent intervention.
A Wearable Soft Robotic Exoskeleton for Hip Flexion Rehabilitation
Authors: Miller-Jackson Tiana M. , Natividad Rainier F. , Lim Daniel Yuan Lee , Hernandez-Barraza Luis , Ambrose Jonathan W. , Yeow Raye Chen-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Leg motion is essential to everyday tasks, yet many face a daily struggle due to leg motion impairment. Traditional robotic solutions for lower limb rehabilitation have arisen, but they may bare some limitations due to their cost. Soft robotics utilizes soft, pliable materials which may afford a less costly robotic solution. This work presents a soft-pneumatic-actuator-driven exoskeleton for hip flexion rehabilitation. An array of soft pneumatic rotary actuators is used for torque generation. An analytical model of the actuators is validated and used to determine actuator parameters for the target application of hip flexion. The performance of the assembly is assessed, and it is found capable of the target torque for hip flexion, 19.8 Nm at 30°, requiring 86 kPa to reach that torque output. The assembly exhibits a maximum torque of 31 Nm under the conditions tested. The full exoskeleton assembly is then assessed with healthy human subjects as they perform a set of lower limb motions. For one motion, the Leg Raise, a muscle signal reduction of 43.5% is observed during device assistance, as compared to not wearing the device. This reduction in muscle effort indicates that the device is effective in providing hip flexion assistance and suggests that pneumatic-rotary-actuator-driven exoskeletons are a viable solution to realize more accessible options for those who suffer from lower limb immobility.
Evaluating the Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome with a Telemedicine Application: An Exploration of the Electronic Audiovisual Prostate Symptom Score
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Guan Zhiyuan , Lan Hongyu , Zhao Yan , Ye Zhiming , Lv Daojun , Yu Qingfeng , Wang Ming , Peng Kaoqing , Fu Nanfei , Mazzon Giorgio , Gu Di 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS) is used for the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It is usually administered by general practitioners (GPs), but in these cases, outcomes do not seem to be reflecting the real conditions of a patient well, with consequent risks of misestimations and misinterpretations. We developed an electronic audiovisual version of VPSS (EPSS), a new symptom scale based on a telemedicine mobile light-based app. The aim of this study is to test and evaluate its reliability.MethodsWe enrolled male patients aged between 50 and 80 years across 24 community-based healthcare facilities in Guangzhou, China. Patients were asked to complete the Chinese version of VPSS and EPSS before consultation with the urology specialists. Patients were divided into two groups based on age. First, we analyzed the rate of full understanding of EPSS using a chi-square test. Then, we analyzed the difference between each score of EPSS, VPSS, and outcomes measured by specialists, used as the reference score (RS). Finally, the outcomes were analyzed with the Spearman test and Bartlett test separately.ResultsSeventy-nine male patients were included (mean age 70.42 years). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (&gt;70 years, n = 40) and group 2 (&lt;70 years, n = 39). The full-understanding rates in groups 1 and 2 were 50% and 64.1%, respectively. No significant differences were noted between groups (p = 0.206). A t-test was presented between each question of VPSS, EPSS, and RS. All questions did not display significant differences (p &gt; 0.05); total scores from the three scales had no significant differences in the evaluation of LUTS. We further explored the variations of choices made by patients in different scales. Spearman’s test among VPSS, EPSS, and RS showed positive correlations, and coefficients of the total score were 0.92, 0.91, and 0.93 (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionEPSS can be easily used in a significant number of patients and showed correlation with the VPSS and RS. Moreover, certain items resulted in better performance than VPSS. The results showed that EPSS could be a valuable option for both patients and GPs monitoring LUTS and particularly helpful when teleconsultations are considered, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of Intra-Operative Duplex Ultrasonography Following Translabyrinthine Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Fatima Nida , Barnard Zachary R. , Maxwell Anne K. , Muelleman Tommy J. , Slattery William H. , Mehta Gautam U. , Wagner Willis , Lekovic Gregory P. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveSigmoid sinus (SS) stenosis is a complication of translabyrinthine approach. Velocity changes in the SS measured by intra-operative doppler ultrasound may help in identifying patients at risk for sinus occlusion.PatientsSS velocity was measured using doppler ultrasound prior to opening dura and again prior to placement of the abdominal fat graft.InterventionData collected included: patient age, surgical side, sinus dominance, tumor volume, intra-operative doppler ultrasound measurements, post-operative venous sinus imaging, anticoagulation, and morbidities and mortalities.Main Outcome MeasureSS patency and velocity.ResultsEight patients were included in the analysis (22 to 69 years). Four had left-sided and four had right-sided craniotomies. Sigmoid sinuses were either right-side dominant or co-dominant. The mean velocity ± standard deviation (SD) prior to dura opening and abdominal fat packing was 23.2 ± 11.3 and 25.5 ± 13.9 cm/s, respectively, p = 0.575. Post-operative Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) imaging showed four sigmoid sinus occlusions; seven patients showed sigmoid sinus stenosis, and one internal jugular vein occlusion. One patient had post-operative Computed Tomography Venography (CTV) only. Of the four patients with MRV occlusions, CTVs were performed with three showing occlusion and all four-showing stenosis. One patient with internal jugular vein occlusion on MRV received warfarin anticoagulation. There was one cerebrospinal fluid leak requiring ear closure, one small cerebellar infarct, and one with facial nerve palsy (House-Brackman Grade 3).ConclusionSS velocity changes before and after tumor resection were not predictive of sinus occlusion. We hypothesize that sinus occlusion may be caused by related factors other than thrombosis, such as external compression of the sinus secondary to abdominal fat grafting.
Clinical and Anatomical Factors Affecting Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis During Thyroidectomy via Intraoperative Nerve Monitorization
Authors: Aygun Nurcihan , Kostek Mehmet , Unlu Mehmet Taner , Isgor Adnan , Uludag Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDespite all the technical developments in thyroidectomy and the use of intraoperative nerve monitorization (IONM), recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis may still occur. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anatomical variations, clinical features, and intervention type on RLN paralysis.MethodThe RLNs identified till the laryngeal entry point, between January 2016 and September 2021 were included in the study. The effects of RLN anatomical features considering the International RLN Anatomical Classification System, intervention and monitoring types on RLN paralysis were evaluated.ResultsA total of 1,412 neck sides of 871 patients (672 F, 199 M) with a mean age of 49.17 + 13.42 years (range, 18–99) were evaluated. Eighty-three nerves (5.9%) including 78 nerves with transient (5.5%) and 5 (0.4%) with permanent vocal cord paralysis (VCP) were detected. The factors that may increase the risk of VCP were evaluated with binary logistic regression analysis. While the secondary thyroidectomy (OR: 2.809, 95%CI: 1.302–6.061, p = 0.008) and Berry entrapment of RLN (OR: 2.347, 95%CI: 1.425–3.876, p = 0.001) were detected as the independent risk factors for total VCP, the use of intermittent-IONM (OR: 2.217, 95% CI: 1.299–3.788, 0.004), secondary thyroidectomy (OR: 3.257, 95%CI: 1.340–7.937, p = 0.009), and nerve branching (OR: 1.739, 95%CI: 1.049–2.882, p = 0.032) were detected as independent risk factors for transient VCP.ConclusionPreference of continuous-IONM particularly in secondary thyroidectomies would reduce the risk of VCP. Anatomical variations of the RLN cannot be predicted preoperatively. Revealing anatomical features with careful dissection may contribute to risk reduction by minimizing actions causing traction trauma or compression on the nerve.
Safety and Feasibility of Vaginal Delivery in Full-Term Pregnancy After Transvaginal-Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Zhang Shoufeng , Dong Zhiyong , Liu Junling , Qin Zhenyue , Wang Huihui , Bao Mingyue , Wei Weiwei , Shi Ruxia , Chen Jiming , Xia Bairong 
Published: April 2022

Study ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the outcome of vaginal delivery of full-term pregnancies in patients after transvaginal-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) treatment for gynecological disorders.DesignA case series report.SettingA medical university hospital.Patients12 cases of successful delivery after transvaginal-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.InterventionsLong-term follow-up of patients with fertility needs after transvaginal-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.Measurements and Main ResultsFrom 2018 to 2021, 163 cases of gynecological diseases were treated by vNOTES. One hundred forty-seven patients were followed up, with a follow-up rate of 90.1%. The average follow-up time was 28 (15–47) months, including 66 cases with fertility requirements. Among these 66 patients, 12 patients successfully got pregnant and completed delivery, including 10 cases of vaginal delivery and 2 cases of cesarean section, with no adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with vNOTES arising.ConclusionVaginal delivery of a full-term pregnancy after transvaginal-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery appears to be safe and feasible and would not be one of the bases for elective cesarean delivery.
Casas shodhan e Thiago de Mello: aproximações e diferenças entre obras de dois mestres da arquitetura moderna / Shodhan houses and Thiago de Mello: approximations and differences between works by two masters of modern architecture
Authors: Leão Silvia Lopes Carneiro 
Published: April 2022

Em seu livro “Lucio Costa”, Guilherme Wisnik trata da obra desse importante arquiteto brasileiro, figura-chave na implantação da arquitetura moderna no Brasil. O mote do presente trabalho é uma afirmação de Wisnik que põe em confronto duas casas de mestres da arquitetura moderna: Casa Thiago de Mello, de Lucio Costa, e Casa Shodhan, de Le Corbusier: Moderno de primeira hora, Lucio (...) opera com o agenciamento combinatório de vazios em cubos perspécticos – poética similar à de Le Corbusier, nítida no projeto da Villa Shodhan (1951-54), e que em Lucio Costa alcança expressão lapidar na residência Thiago de Mello (1978), na Amazônia, onde as aberturas e varandas, externas e internas, vazam o cubo por todos os lados, desconstruindo-o. (WISNIK, 2001, p. 39) A Casa Shodhan faz parte de um conjunto de obras que Le Corbusier projeta para Ahmedabad, importante polo industrial da Índia. Nela, emprega o sistema Dom-Ino de 1914, mas adapta-o ao clima quente através do uso de quebra-sóis e terraços escavados no prisma de base retangular, estrategicamente pensados para promover ventilação e proteção solar.A Casa Thiago de Mello foi projetada por Lucio Costa para o conhecido poeta brasileiro, que em 1978 resolve morar novamente em sua terra natal, a cidade de Barreirinha, no Amazonas. A estrutura é de madeira, com vedação em alvenaria de tijolos e cobertura em telhas cerâmicas. Para melhor adaptação ao clima quente e úmido, Lucio propõe uma série de varandas, criteriosamente distribuídas dentro do prisma de base retangular.O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar mais profundamente as relações entre as casas Shodhan e Thiago de Mello através da análise arquitetônica de cada uma, especialmente quanto a sítio, estrutura formal, estrutura de suporte, técnicas construtivas e composição arquitetônica. Mediante tal análise pretende-se desvelar com rigor as analogias e diferenças entre ambas as obras.
Hancornia speciosa Gomes: caracterização química, compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante / Hancornia speciosa Gomes: chemical characterization, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Da Silva Maria Eduarda Coutinho , Santos Eshylley Braenne Santos , Marques Georgiana Eurides de Carvalho , Brandão Clenilma Marques , Cardoso Daniely Veronica Viana , Gomes Bruno Araujo , Pereira Helen Karine Araujo , Farias Flavia de Aquino Cutrim , Vasconcelos Osmar Luis Silva , Dos Santos Djanira Rubim 
Published: April 2022

A Hancornia speciosa Gomes é uma árvore frutífera que está presente na zona de transição da Floresta Amazônica para o Cerrado e apresenta uma grande importância sócio- cultural. O objetivo deste projeto foi analisar as propriedades físico-químicas e seus compostos bioativas presentes na entrecasca da mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). As análises fisíco quimicas foram feitas seguindo os procedimentos descritos no livro de métodos do Instituto Adolf Lutz e seguindo o método AOAC. Para determinação dos compostos bioativos, as análises de compostos fenólicos, submeteu-se a amostra à extração alcoólica e aquosa. As análises de antocianinas e flavonoides foram realizadas por meio da extração com etanol e HCl 1,5 N. Foi determinado a quantidade de licopeno e betacaroteno presentes na amostra por meio da extração com cetona-hexano. A atividade antioxidante total foi determinada pelo método de captura de radicais DPPH. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio da espectrofotometria em triplicata, com exceção da quantificação do teor de ácido ascórbico determinado pelo método Balentine com volumetria de oxirredução, em duplicata. Os resultados das análises determinaram uma acidez titulável total de 3,3967%; acidez total de 2,19%; pH de 3,87; ácido ascórbico de 50,7076 mg/ 100g; cinzas de 0,13 mg/100g; proteínas de 0,51mg/100g; sólidos solúveis totais de 0,1 0 Brix; relação SST/ATT de 0,041 e fibra bruta de 38,01%. A entrecasca analisada demonstrou altos valores na determinação de compostos fenólicos com 717,15 ± 7,5 e 700,48 ± 7,57 mg GAE/100g, para os extratos aquosos e alcoólicos, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante também apresentou teor elevado tendo 0,49 g fruta/ g DPPH. Os teores de antocianinas mostraram-se um pouco cima do esperado e os valores referentes aos flavonoides foram inconclusivos. O valor encontrado de licopeno foi superior ao obtido no ensaio do betacaroteno, podendo justificar a presença de cor vermelha intensa na maioria dos extratos obtidos com a entrecasca. Por fim, o teor obtido para o ácido ascórbico foi de 51,8546 ± 0,12 mg/100 g. Deste modo, os resultados da caracterização físico-química apresentaram valores centesimais importantes para a caracterização da entrecasca, diante de seu uso e importância medicinal. Além disso, mostrou boas características funcionais para ser empregada no consumo humano e ampliar os estudos nessa espécie.