bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐quality trials and pharmacological studies needed as translational evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine Lianhua Qingwen against COVID‐19
Authors: Huang Nan , Li Saichao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been employed as complementary medication against COVID‐19 in China since 2020. Two years since then, TCM, with Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) as an example, has been included in every version of official clinical protocol guidelines. Recently, LHQW is even distributed to general public at risk but not yet infected. Such common application and widely claimed positive outcome among mild to moderate patients were accompanied by a number of published studies on antiviral, antiinflammatory, and immune modulatory potential using either in vitro or animal models. However, aside from retrospective understanding and open‐labeled clinical trials with relatively small subject size, major gap in conclusive proof for efficacy and safety remains due to the lack of double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies and comprehensive pharmacodynamic and kinetic investigations. This is also supported by a recent WHO expert meeting on this subject, which acknowledged the potential benefits of TCM in mild–moderate cases, while recommended more rigorous studies to further understand effect size, application implications, and outcome determinants. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the exact role TCM like LHQW could play in COVID‐19 management from translational evidence‐based perspective. High‐quality clinical trials, pharmacological studies, and real‐world data from recent outbreak are recommended.
Adaptive neural consensus tracking control of distributed nonlinear multiagent systems with unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Jiang Hao , Su Wei , Niu Ben , Wang Huanqing , Zhang Jiaming 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis paper aims to address the adaptive consensus tracking control problem for distributed nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unmodeled dynamics. It should be emphasized that each considered follower is modeled as a nonlinear non‐strict feedback system in which the control gains are unknown functions rather than constants. By applying an inherent property of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) and the introduced dynamics signals, the design difficulties aroused from unknown nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics are overcome such that the control purpose can be achieved. Then, based on adaptive backstepping methods, a new consensus tracking control protocol is proposed. It is shown that the closed‐loop systems are stable and all the outputs of followers ultimately track the reference signal, that is, the output of the leader, synchronously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol is illustrated through the simulation results.
The height of record‐biased trees
Authors: Corsini Benoît 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven a permutation , its corresponding binary search tree is obtained by recursively inserting the values into a binary tree so that the label of each node is larger than the labels of its left subtree and smaller than the labels of its right subtree. In this article, we study the height of binary search trees drawn from the record‐biased model of permutations whose probability measure on the set of permutations is proportional to , where . We show that the height of a binary search tree built from a record‐biased permutation of size with parameter is of order , hence extending previous results of Devroye on the height or random binary search trees.
Mechanical behaviors and their correlations of ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concretes with various steel fiber types
Authors: Nguyen Duy‐Liem , Thai Duc‐Kien , Nguyen H. T. Tai , Tran Ngoc Thanh , Phan Tan‐Duy , Kim Dong Joo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mechanical behaviors and their correlations of ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concretes (UHPFRCs) with various steel fiber types were highlighted in this investigation based on the experiment combined with sectional analysis. Under compression, five fiber types with 2.0 vol% were investigated as follows: no fibers (PL), long twisted fibers (LT), long hook fibers (LH), long smooth fibers (LS) and hybrid fibers (HB, 1% twisted blended with 1% short smooth fibers). The LT revealed the highest compressive strength and strain capacity whereas the PL exhibited the lowest ones. Compared to the PL, the HB produced significant enhancements in strength, elastic modulus and deformation capacity under compression, tension and bending. The order in effectiveness of strength enhancement owing to additional hybrid fibers was as follows: bending > tensile > compressive loading. Based on sectional analyses, the enhancements in moment resistance of UHPFRC beams were closely correlated with higher compressive strength and smaller compressive strain capacity. Besides, the condition for first cracking at the bottom of UHPFRC beam was explored. Finally, a simplified model, based on the tensile response of UHPFRCs, for predicting the flexural resistances of the UHPFRC beams was proposed and validated.
The upregulation of glutamate decarboxylase 67 against hippocampal excitability damage in male fetal rats by prenatal caffeine exposure
Authors: Lu Mengxi , He Xia , Jiao Zhexiao , Hu Zewen , Guo Zijing , Dai Shiyun , Wang Hui , Xu Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a kind of xanthine alkaloid, caffeine is widely present in beverages, food, and analgesic drugs. Our previous studies have shown that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can induce programmed hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats, which is involved in developing many chronic adult diseases. The present study further examined the potential molecular mechanism and toxicity targets of hippocampal dysfunction, which might mediate the programmed hypersensitivity of the HPA axis in offspring. Pregnant rats were intragastrically administered with 0, 30, and 120 mg/kg/day caffeine from gestational days (GD) 9–20, and the fetal rats were extracted at GD20. Rat fetal hippocampal H19‐7/IGF1R cell line was treated with caffeine, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist (CGS‐21680) or adenylate cyclase agonist (forskolin) plus caffeine. Compared with the control group, hippocampal neurons of male fetal rats by PCE displayed increased apoptosis and reduced synaptic plasticity, whereas glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression was increased. Moreover, the expression of A2AR was down‐regulated, PCE inhibited the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway. Furthermore, the results in vitro were consistent with the in vivo study. Both CGS21680 and forskolin could reverse the above alteration caused by caffeine. These results indicated that PCE inhibits the BDNF pathway and mediates the hippocampus's glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity. The compensatory up‐regulation of GAD67 unbalanced the Glu/gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic output, leading to the impaired negative feedback to the hypothalamus and hypersensitivity of the HPA axis.
Alzheimer's polygenic hazard score in SuperAgers: SuperGenes or SuperResilience?
Authors: Spencer Barbara E. , Banks Sarah J. , Dale Anders M. , Brewer James B. , Makowski‐Woidan Beth , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam M.‐Marsel , Geula Changiz , Rogalski Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSuperAgers are individuals over age 80 with superior episodic memory, at a level consistent with individuals 20 to 30 years their junior and who seem to show resistance to age‐related neurofibrillary degeneration. Here we examine whether low genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributes to SuperAgers’ unusually high episodic memory performance in advanced age.MethodsThe AD polygenic hazard score (PHS) was calculated for each SuperAger and cognitively normal participant and compared between groups.ResultsA total of 37 SuperAgers (73% female, mean [standard deviation] 82.7 [2.8] years old) and 35 controls (54% female, 83.7 [4.3] years old) were included. There was no significant difference in the AD PHS between SuperAgers and cognitively normal controls.DiscussionUnusually successful cognitive aging cannot be simply explained by low polygenic risk for AD as assessed by common genetic variants. However, rare variants and common protective genetic factors may contribute to resistance or resilience.Highlights
SuperAging cannot be simply explained by low polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Rare variants and common protective genetic factors may contribute to SuperAging.
A protective factors polygenic score may uncover mechanisms for SuperAging.
The “Alzheimer Village”: Assessment of Alzheimer's disease representations in the general population: A cross sectional phone survey
Authors: Pech Marion , Meillon Céline , Marquet Manon , Dartigues Jean‐François , Amieva Hélène 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn most countries, the societal view of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very negative. The initiatives that are part of the so‐called “dementia‐friendly approach” aim not only at promoting well‐being and dignity of persons suffering from AD but also improving the way they are regarded and their inclusion in society. Unfortunately, scarce research has been conducted to assess whether such goals can be achieved. In France, the experimental Alzheimer Village in Dax is designed as a dementia‐friendly community. Due to the recent opening (2020) and the strong local media coverage of this project, a survey has been designed to determine whether the representations of AD have been impacted by such a project.MethodsThe survey was conducted before and after the opening of the Alzheimer Village in the city of Dax (hosting the village) and surrounding areas, and in a control city with similar socio‐demographics. The analyses intend to compare different dimensions of the representations and attitudes toward AD in the general population.ResultsA total of 423 persons living in the Alzheimer Village city (37.4% were men) and 415 persons living in the control city (40.2% were men) were interviewed, resulting in 838 complete questionnaires. The main results report significantly lower rating in the perception of loss of identity (β = −0.57, P = .014) and in the feeling of disgust for persons with AD (β = −0.61, P = .008) in the city hosting the village after the opening of the Alzheimer Village. No significant changes were seen in the control city sample.DiscussionWhile societal representations of AD are very robust and difficult to change, this study suggests a modest but significant evolution of representations of AD in the surrounding areas of the Alzheimer Village.Highlights
The French Alzheimer Village is one of the very few ones in the world.
This is the first study assessing the impact of an Alzheimer Village on disease representations.
After the opening of the village, attitudes toward Alzheimer's disease have changed.
Cytotoxic Activities of Bis‐cyclometalated M(III) Complexes (M=Rh, Ir) Containing 5‐substituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline or 4,4’‐substituted 2,2’‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Graf Marion , Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Thavalingam Sugina , Mayer Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of eight new bis‐cyclometalated compounds [M(ptpy)2(N^N)]PF6 (ptpy=2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridinato; N^N=5‐chloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline: M=Rh, 1; M=Ir, 2); N^N=5‐methyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline: M=Rh, 3; M=Ir, 4; N^N=4,4’‐diphenyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine: M=Rh, 5; M=Ir, 6; N^N=4,4’‐diamino‐2,2’‐bipyridine: M=Rh, 7; M=Ir, 8) are described. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Additionally, the molecular structures of compounds 4, 5, 6, and 8 in the crystal were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. To explore the cytotoxic properties of all new eight compounds, colorimetric assays (MTT assay) against prominent cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and HT‐29, were performed. The determined IC50 values are in the low micromolar range, between 1.3‐5.6 μM. The most effective compounds are 1 and 2 with 5‐chloro‐substituted phenanthroline ligands, whereas the diamino‐substituted bipyridine ligands (5 and 6) are the least cytotoxic compounds. The tested complexes showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity, up to 25‐fold increase in MCF‐7 cancer cells, and up to 60‐fold increase in the HT‐29 cell line compared to the established anticancer compound cisplatin under identical conditions.
Mapping Spaces and Bousfield Localizations
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecall from Section 8.3 that a left Bousfield localization of a model category ε is a different model structure on the same category with more weak equivalences, but the same cofibrations. We have seen several examples of these already, such as the Kan–Quillen model structure as a localization of the categorical model structure on simplicial sets, as well as the various model structures on the category of dendroidal sets. In the next chapter, it will be necessary to have a general method of constructing such localizations, starting only from a ‘basic’ model structure and a set of morphisms which one would like to make weak equivalences. We will establish the technique to do so in this chapter.
Dendroidal Spaces and ∞-Operads
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecall that a dendroidal set X is an ∞-operad if it satisfies the inner Kan condition; i.e., it has the extension property with respect to all inner horn inclusions of trees. In particular, this condition guarantees that if we interpret the sets X(T) as ‘sets of operations’ parametrized by the tree T, then there is a notion of composition of such operations (well-defined up to homotopy) when grafting trees T and Tʹ. In Section 12.1 we introduce an analogous condition for dendroidal spaces, namely the Segal condition. A dendroidal space X satisfying this condition is called a dendroidal Segal space and again there exists a notion of ‘composition of operations’, well-defined up to homotopy.
Simplicial Operads and ∞-Operads
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this final chapter we fulfil one of the main promises of this book, namely we prove that the homotopy theory of ∞-operads is equivalent to that of simplicial (or topological) operads. To prepare for this, Sections 14.1 and 14.2 establish some rather classical material on the homotopy theory of simplicial categories, most of it going back to the work of Dwyer and Kan. Then in Section 14.3 we establish a model structure on the category of simplicial operads in which the weak equivalences are the fully faithful and essentially surjective maps (in an appropriate interpretation of those terms).
Dendroidal Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we will introduce the category of dendroidal sets, which is the main object of study of this book. The definition of a dendroidal set mirrors that of a simplicial set, except that the category Δ is replaced by a larger category Ω of trees. The morphisms in the latter category are the operad morphisms between the free operads generated by these trees.
Kan Conditions for Simplicial Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we will define several important classes of simplicial sets and of maps between simplicial sets by extension and lifting conditions. These include the classical notions of Kan complexes and Kan fibrations, as well as the notion of inner Kan complex (or ∞-category). Kan complexes and Kan fibrations play a central role in homotopy theory and will therefore be of fundamental importance in Part II of this book.
Kan Conditions for Dendroidal Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapterwe study extension conditions for dendroidal sets and lifting conditions for maps of dendroidal sets which parallel the conditions for simplicial sets of the previous chapter. The structure of this chapter follows the same plan to stress the analogy. The proofs of various pushout-product properties, which we develop in Section 6.3, become more technical in the case of dendroidal sets.
Model Categories
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn [123] Quillen proposed an axiomatic framework for homotopy theory through the notion of a model structure on a category. Such a structure consists of three distinguished classes of morphisms, calledweak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, required to satisfy several axioms reminiscent of the properties of the corresponding notions in the usual homotopy theory of topological spaces.
Model Structures on the Category of Simplicial Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we will apply the formalism of Quillen model categories discussed in the previous chapter to the category of simplicial sets. In his first exposition of the theory of model categories, Quillen already showed that the category of simplicial sets carries a model structure for which the fibrant objects are the Kan complexes and the fibrations are the Kan fibrations (see Chapter 5 for a discussion of these notions).
Integration
Authors: Winter Fabian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAuf den quantitativen Teil in Kapitel 4 und den qualitativen Teil in Kapitel 5 folgt an dieser Stelle die Zusammenführung der beiden Untersuchungsteile, die auch Integration genannt wird. Wie bereits im methodischen Teil dargelegt, handelt es sich hierbei um das Herzstück einer jeden Mixed-Methods Studie. Ziel der Integration ist die Erklärung von Ergebnissen aus dem quantitativen Teil und somit die Beantwortung der in Abschnitt 3.3 formulierten Mixed-Methods Forschungsfrage (F4).
Warum der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen für die Wahlforschung lohnenswert erscheint – eine Einleitung
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas deutsche Parteiensystem befindet sich, ebenso wie Teile seiner Wählerschaft, in einem Umbruch. Galt es über Jahrzehnte als Hort vergleichsweise hoher Stabilität, mehren sich zuletzt Veränderungen einschneidender Natur. Setzte nach Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zunächst eine Konzentrationsphase bis Anfang der 1960er Jahre ein, bei der sich mit der Christlich Demokratischen Union Deutschlands (CDU) und ihrer bayerischen Schwesterpartei, der Christlich-Sozialen Union in Bayern e. V. (CSU), der Freien Demokratischen Partei (FDP) und der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD) „sehr schnell ein stabiles Zweieinhalb-Parteiensystem“ herausbildete, haben sich bis zur Bundestagswahl 2017 nur drei strukturelle Umbrüche ergeben, die die Zusammensetzung der im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien betreffen.
International Partnerships and Curriculum Design
Authors: Reiffenrath Tanja , Thielsch Angelika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, efforts to internationalize teaching, learning, and the curriculum using digital media have increased and (higher) education institutions around the world have embraced virtual communication and collaboration to foster and maintain international partnerships. This chapter surveys linkages between international partnerships and curriculum design. Based on concepts and designs that can help to establish virtual joint educational initiatives within the framework of international (institutional) partnerships, this chapter introduces different curriculum design models and their implications for international partnerships in order to enable readers to initiate new curriculum design processes or evaluate existing curricula with regard to the involvement of and virtual collaboration with international partners.
Correlated signals of first-order phase transitions and primordial black hole evaporation
Authors: Marfatia Danny , Tseng Po-Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fermi balls produced in a cosmological first-order phase transition may collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) if the fermion dark matter particles that comprise them interact via a sufficiently strong Yukawa force. We show that phase transitions described by a quartic thermal effective potential with vacuum energy, 0.1 ≲ B1/4/MeV ≲ 103, generate PBHs of mass, 10−20 ≲ MPBH/M⊙ ≲ 10−16, and gravitational waves from the phase transition (at THEIA/μAres) can be correlated with an isotropic extragalactic X-ray/γ-ray background from PBH evaporation (at AMEGO-X/e-ASTROGAM).
Filtered baryogenesis
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Breitbach Moritz , Kopp Joachim , Mittnacht Lukas , Soreq Yotam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose a new mechanism to simultaneously explain the observed dark matter abundance and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The mechanism is based on the Filtered Dark Matter scenario, where dark matter particles acquire a large mass during a first-order phase transition. This implies that only a small fraction of them are energetic enough to enter the advancing true vacuum bubbles and survive until today, while the rest are reflected and annihilate away quickly. We supplement this scenario with a CP-violating interaction, which creates a chiral asymmetry in the population of dark matter particles. In the false vacuum phase, a portal interaction quickly converts the dark sector chiral asymmetry into a Standard Model lepton asymmetry. The lepton asymmetry is then partially converted to a baryon asymmetry by standard electroweak sphaleron processes. We discuss the dependence of the generated asymmetry on the parameters of the model for two different portal interactions and demonstrate successful baryogenesis for both. For one of the portals, it is also possible to simultaneously explain the observed dark matter abundance, over many orders of magnitude in the dark matter mass.
Light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons with QED effects
Authors: Beneke Martin , Böer Philipp , Toelstede Jan-Niklas , Vos K. Keri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss the QED-generalized leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons, that appear in QCD QED factorization theorems for exclusive two-body B decays. In the presence of electrically charged particles, these functions should be more appropriately regarded as soft functions for heavy-meson decays into two back-to-back particles. In this paper, we derive the one-loop anomalous dimension of these soft functions and study their behaviour under renormalization-scale evolution, obtaining an exact solution in Laplace space. In addition, we provide numerical solutions for the soft functions and analytical solutions to all orders in the strong and to first order in the electromagnetic coupling. For the inverse (and inverse-logarithmic) moments, we obtain an all-order solution in both couplings. We further provide numerical estimates for QED corrections to the inverse moments.