bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relações comunitárias de mulheres em situação de pobreza no interior do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Barbosa Vilkiane Natercia Malherme , Moura Júnior James Ferreira , Ximenes Verônica Morais 
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo objetiva analisar as relações comunitárias de mulheres em situação de pobreza de uma comunidade no Nordeste do Brasil. A pobreza tem tido implicações psicossociais sobre as vidas das pessoas causando efeitos nocivos relacionados a falta de trabalho e renda, como também nas relações comunitárias. Desta forma, entende-se que apesar desses efeitos perversos, as pessoas, e especialmente as mulheres em contextos de pobrezas tem forjado estratégias de resistências a esta a partir do fortalecimento das relações comunitárias. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa com a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram dez mulheres em situação de pobreza de uma comunidade de uma cidade no interior do Nordeste. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo. As desigualdades sociais de gênero baseadas em uma estrutura patriarcal e classista também estavam presentes em seus discursos, influenciando na participação comunitária. Contudo, observaram-se igualmente as relações comunitárias fortalecidas como estratégias de resistência de combate a pobreza. Foram identificadas essas relações como micro resistências frente às desigualdades de gênero.
Breaking the mold: telescoping drives the evolution of more integrated and heterogeneous skulls in cetaceans
Authors: Buono Mónica R. , Vlachos Evangelos 
Published: May 2022

Background
Along with the transition to the aquatic environment, cetaceans experienced profound changes in their skeletal anatomy, especially in the skull, including the posterodorsal migration of the external bony nares, the reorganization of skull bones (= telescoping) and the development of an extreme cranial asymmetry (in odontocetes). Telescoping represents an important anatomical shift in the topological organization of cranial bones and their sutural contacts; however, the impact of these changes in the connectivity pattern and integration of the skull has never been addressed.

Methods
Here, we apply the novel framework provided by the Anatomical Network Analysis to quantify the organization and integration of cetacean skulls, and the impact of the telescoping process in the connectivity pattern of the skull. We built anatomical networks for 21 cetacean skulls (three stem cetaceans, three extinct and 10 extant mysticetes, and three extinct and two extant odontocetes) and estimated network parameters related to their anatomical integration, complexity, heterogeneity, and modularity. This dataset was analyzed in the context of a broader tetrapod skull sample as well (43 species of 13 taxonomic groups).

Results
The skulls of crown cetaceans (Neoceti) occupy a new tetrapod skull morphospace, with better integrated, more heterogeneous and simpler skulls in comparison to other tetrapods. Telescoping adds connections and improves the integration of those bones involved in the telescoping process (e.g., maxilla, supraoccipital) as well as other ones (e.g., vomer) not directly affected by telescoping. Other underlying evolutionary processes (such as basicranial specializations linked with hearing/breathing adaptations) could also be responsible for the changes in the connectivity and integration of palatal bones. We also find prograde telescoped skulls of mysticetes distinct from odontocetes by an increased heterogeneity and modularity, whereas retrograde telescoped skulls of odontocetes are characterized by higher complexity. In mysticetes, as expected, the supraoccipital gains importance and centrality in comparison to odontocetes, increasing the heterogeneity of the skull network. In odontocetes, an increase in the number of connections and complexity is probably linked with the dominant movement of paired bones, such as the maxilla, in retrograde telescoping. Crown mysticetes (Eubalaena, Caperea, Piscobalaena, and Balaenoptera)are distinguished by having more integrated skulls in comparison to stem mysticetes (Aetiocetus and Yamatocetus), whereas crown odontocetes (Waipatia, Notocetus, Physeter, and Tursiops) have more complex skulls than stem forms (Albertocetus). Telescoping along with feeding, hearing and echolocation specializations could have driven the evolution of the different connectivity patterns of living lineages.
Teacher Leadership and Learning Styles of High School Students of an Educational Institution in Huamachuco, Peru
Authors: Paz-García Linder Aurberto 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this work is to determine the impact generated by teacher leadership on the learning styles of students at the secondary level, from the César Vallejo Educational Institution, Huamachuco, during the year 2021 and; this study was based on the methods of non-experimental design of descriptive correlational type, for this there were 52 students of the fifth year of the secondary level, as a sample size for the application of the instruments during the collection of information. From all this, it was determined that, the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.867, where it means that, the relationship between teaching leadership and learning styles is strong positive, and in turn this value is highly significant (p<0.05), which concludes that, Teacher leadership does generate significant impact on the learning styles of the students of the secondary level, of the César Vallejo Educational Institution of Huamachuco, during the year 2021. It is necessary to raise the present to the personnel involved as teachers of the aforementioned institution, in order to plan and organize orientation or training workshops for teachers and thus try to improve leadership and learning styles for the benefit of students.
Assessment of Effective Groundwater Management in Parts of Sokoto Basin, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Popoopla M. A. , Adegbola A. A. , Oladeji O. S. , Olaniyan O. S. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: There is paucity of information on groundwater modelling within Sokoto basin. Groundwater levels, borehole records, precipitation, evaporation, hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficients and boundary conditions, were obtained from Sokoto Basin Authority.
Study Design: Parts of Sokoto Basin.
Place and Duration of Study: Sokoto basin, between April 2017 and April 2021.
Methodology: The time series rainfall data was input in MODFLOW-2000 software to compute Long Term Average (LTA) annual rainfall. Runoff values were obtained using recharge model and simulated annual average recharge values were estimated. The numerical model was calibrated and validated using groundwater flow data. Model sensitivity was assessed using volumetric and percentage numerical error
Results: The LTA and simulated annual average recharge for study area was 745 mm/year and 3.6 - 15.2 mm/year. The modeled recharge fluxes and groundwater heads ranged from 4.756 x 10-10 - 1.142 x 10-5 m/s and 0.1-10 m. The relatively volumetric and percentage numerical error varied from 0.03 - 0.06 and 0.004 - 0.01%.
Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of groundwater resources in part of Sokoto Basin was developed for effective utilization and sustainability of groundwater resources.
Comparative Study of Iron, Manganese and Nickel Contamination Potential of Disc and Hammer Milling Equipment and their Toxic Effect on Rat Kidney
Authors: Isa Blessing H. , Dabak Jonathan D. , Dalhatu Umar Umar , Daman Panshak Kumbet 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To investigate the effect of hammer and disc milling equipment on the levels of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) contents in maize (Zea mays) flour and the consequent impact on the kidney of albino rats.
Study Design: The rats were randomly divided into groups of five rats per group. Six of the groups were fed with maize flour milled with a hammer mill, while the other six groups were fed with maize flour milled with a disc mill, and the thirteenth group was fed with crushed flour in a mortar and pestle as a control. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation under anesthesia on the 14th and 28th days.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Histology laboratories of the University of Jos, Nigeria, between, January to June, 2021.
Methodology: For six days, a portion of the maize grains was milled with a hammer mill, another with a disc mill, and a third fraction was crushed into flour with a wooden mortar. The inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric method was used to determine the levels of Fe, Mn, and Ni in maize flour. To avoid lysing the blood, blood samples were carefully collected by allowing it to run down the test tube's wall. The blood was allowed to coagulate at room temperature before being centrifuged and the serum collected and frozen until it was time for biochemical analysis. The kidneys of the rats were excised, cleaned, and preserved in chloroform until histological examinations were required.
Results: The results show that Fe (325.16 ± 30.00 mg/kg and 205.05 ± 30.20 mg/kg) and Ni (20.92 ± 5.92 mg/kg and 18.00 ± 2.70 mg/kg) levels were extremely high in both disc and hammer milling machines. The Fe and Mn values in disc milled maize flour were higher than those in hammer milled maize flour. Rats in all groups had significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, K+, Na+, and Cl- levels than the control group. The kidney tissues of all the rats in the control and hammer-milled flour groups were normal, except for group 1 of the disc mill, which showed mild damage, according to the histopathological analysis.
Conclusion: The Day 1 group fed with disc-milled flour showed a dense cast, atrophy, and nuclei loss in their kidney tissue. According to the results of the study, hammer milled maize flour is less harmful than disc milled maize flour, as shown by kidney histopathology.
Studies on Growth and Yield of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) var. GAFB-4as Influenced by Nitrogen and Weed Management
Authors: Chiranjeevi Mocharla , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur 
Published: May 2022

Background: Pearl millet is an important staple food in arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Low productivity and susceptibility due to weed population are the major causes for declining a productivity of millets in India. As the pearl millet is grown predominantly in the hot and humid rainy season, weeds deprive these crops of vital nutrients and moisture and bring down the production.
Objective: Study the impact of nitrogen and weed management on the growth, yield, and quality of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. GAFB-4.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combination of nitrogen along with weed management which are replicated thrice.
Conclusion: The treatment of 80 kg/ha nitrogen+ atrazine was recorded. Plant height (200.52 cm), plant dry weight (51.59gm), weed density (6.00), green fodder yield (28.42 t/ha) Because the findings are based on research conducted during a single season, they may be repeated for further confirmation.
Serum Adenosine Daminase Ativity as a Dagnostic Biomarker in Systemic lupus Eythematosus Patients
Authors: Ghanem Dina Gamal Bastawesy , Hazzaa Sahar Mohy Eldine , Shahba Abeer Abd El Monem , Hodeib Hossam Abd El Mohsein 
Published: May 2022

Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. In order to assess the use of serum ADA activity in diagnosing SLE and assessing disease activity, we examined the serum ADA activity of 70 SLE patients (35 active patients and 35 inactive patients) and 15 healthy controls.
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the importance of serum ADA activities in identifying SLE and its connection to the activity of the illness.
Subjects and Methods: This a randomized prospective efficacy-controlled study conducted on 85 adult Patients (≥ 18 years) with clinically active SLE and clinically non-active SLE and carried at Clinical Pathology Department at Tanta University Hospital.
Results: In SLE patients, serum ADA activity was substantially higher in the active patients group than in the inactive patients group when compared to the control group. The best cut-off value for utilizing blood ADA activity to diagnose SLE patients was 12.8 U/L, according to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC) (specificity, 100 percent; sensitivity, 100 percent). For lupus patients, serum ADA activity was shown to be more useful than other conventional hematological indicators such as complement C3, complement C4, ANA, and anti-ds DNA. Adenosine deaminase levels were also linked to ESR, blood urea, serum creatinine, Hb levels, Urine albumin/creatinine ratio, anti-nuclear antibody titre, anti-dsDNA antibody, total platelet count, complement C3 and complement C4 levels.
Conclusion: Serum ADA activity might be a possible diagnostic sign for SLE, and assessing serum ADA activity can help with illness evaluation and monitoring.
Comparative Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Block versus Intravenous Fentanyl Injection in Fracture Femur Patients at Emergency Department
Authors: Musallam Asmaa Hamdy , Nassar Esraa Hamdy , Romeih Mohamed Abdelhamed , Elshiekh Tarek Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided femoral nerve block compared with intravenous (IV) fentanyl in fractures of the femur in patients presented to Emergency Department (ED).
Methods: This prospective, comparative, (blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial) was conducted on fifty patients with femur fracture. Patients were divided into two equal groups: group A underwent ultrasonography-guided femoral nerve block and group B given IV fentanyl 2 µg/kg). All patients underwent initial resuscitation. Intra-venous (IV) access with wide bore cannula and baseline investigation were obtained. Patients underwent X-ray imaging for diagnosis of femur fracture and FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) scan on presentation at ED by ED trained physicians.
Results: There is significant difference in group B as regard to peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Systolic blood pressure (P <0.001 and 0.013 respectively). VAS (median ± SD) was lesser in group A 4.16 ± 2.12 VS 4.96 ± 2.05 in group B. Pain intensity difference was significant decrease group A over time (P= 0.032). Requesting analgesia and rescue analgesia were insignificant different between two groups.
Conclusions: Both femoral nerve block and IV fentanyl are effective in relieving pain in patients with femur fractures. But femoral nerve block provides better and intense analgesia, and major pain intensity difference in less time. Moreover, use of FNB had fewer side effects and more hemodynamicsstability as compared to opioids.
High‐Throughput Method–Accelerated Design of Ni‐Based Superalloys
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Zexin , Wang Zi , Zhong Jing , Zhao Lei , Jiang Liang , Zhou Runhua , Liu Yong , Huang Lan , Tan Liming , Tian Yujia , Zheng Han , Fang Qihong , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Lina , Wu Hong , Bai Lichun , Zhou Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEver‐increasing demands for superior alloys with improved high‐temperature service properties require accurate design of their composition. However, conventional approaches to screen the properties of alloys such as creep resistance and microstructural stability cost a lot of time and resources. This work therefore proposes a novel high throughput–based design strategy for high‐temperature alloys to accelerate their composition selections, by taking Ni‐based superalloys as an example. A numerical inverse method is used to massively calculate the multielement diffusion coefficients based on an accurate atomic mobility database. These coefficients are subsequently employed to refine the physical models for tuning the creep rates and structural stability of alloys, followed by unsupervised machine learning to categorize their composition and determine the range of the composition with optimal performance. By using a strict screening criterion, two sets of composition with comprehensively optimal properties are selected, which is then validated by experiments. Compared with recent data‐driven methods for materials design, this strategy exhibits high accuracy and efficiency attributed to the high‐throughput multicomponent diffusion couples, self‐developed atomic mobility database, and refined physical models. Since this strategy is independent of the alloy composition, it can efficiently accelerate the development of multicomponent high‐performance alloys and tackle challenges in discovering novel materials.
Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers
Authors: Cunningham W. Streit , Mascarenhas Sean T. J. , Riano J. Sebastian , Wang Wenbo , Hwang Sooyeon , Hattar Khalid , Hodge Andrea M. , Trelewicz Jason R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTargeted doping of grain boundaries is widely pursued as a pathway for combating thermal instabilities in nanocrystalline metals. However, certain dopants predicted to produce grain‐boundary‐segregated nanocrystalline configurations instead form small nanoprecipitates at elevated temperatures that act to kinetically inhibit grain growth. Here, thermodynamic modeling is implemented to select the Mo–Au system for exploring the interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to nanostructure stability. Using nanoscale multilayers and in situ transmission electron microscopy thermal aging, evolving segregation states and the corresponding phase transitions are mapped with temperature. The microstructure is shown to evolve through a transformation at lower homologous temperatures (<600 °C) where solute atoms cluster and segregate to the grain boundaries, consistent with predictions from thermodynamic models. An increase in temperature to 800 °C is accompanied by coarsening of the grain structure via grain boundary migration but with multiple pinning events uncovered between migrating segments of the grain boundary and local solute clustering. Direct comparison between the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observations of microstructure evolution thus demonstrates a transition from thermodynamically preferred to kinetically inhibited nanocrystalline stability and provides a general framework for decoupling contributions to complex stability transitions while simultaneously targeting a dominant thermal stability regime.
A Protein‐Like Nanogel for Spinning Hierarchically Structured Artificial Spider Silk
Authors: He Wenqian , Qian Dong , Wang Yang , Zhang Guanghao , Cheng Yao , Hu Xiaoyu , Wen Kai , Wang Meilin , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang , Zhu Meifang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpider dragline silk is draw‐spun from soluble, β‐sheet‐crosslinked spidroin in aqueous solution. This spider silk has an excellent combination of strength and toughness, which originates from the hierarchical structure containing β‐sheet crosslinking points, spiral nanoassemblies, a rigid sheath, and a soft core. Inspired by the spidroin structure and spider spinning process, a soluble and crosslinked nanogel is prepared and crosslinked fibers are drew spun with spider‐silk‐like hierarchical structures containing cross‐links, aligned nanoassemblies, and sheath–core structures. Introducing nucleation seeds in the nanogel solution, and applying prestretch and a spiral architecture in the nanogel fiber, further tunes the alignment and assembly of the polymer chains, and enhances the breaking strength (1.27 GPa) and toughness (383 MJ m−3) to approach those of the best dragline silk. Theoretical modeling provides understanding for the dependence of the fiber's spinning capacity on the nanogel size. This work provides a new strategy for the direct spinning of tough fiber materials.
2D‐Topology‐Seeded Graphitization for Highly Thermally Conductive Carbon Fibers
Authors: Ming Xin , Wei Anran , Liu Yingjun , Peng Li , Li Peng , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Senping , Fang Wenzhang , Wang Ziqiu , Peng Huanqin , Lin Jiahao , Huang Haoguang , Han Zhanpo , Luo Shiyu , Cao Min , Wang Bo , Liu Zheng , Guo Fenglin , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly thermally conductive carbon fibers (CFs) have become an important material to meet the increasing demand for efficient heat dissipation. To date, high thermal conductivity has been only achieved in specific pitch‐based CFs with high crystallinity. However, obtaining high graphitic crystallinity and high thermal conductivity beyond pitch‐CFs remains a grand challenge. Here, a 2D‐topology‐seeded graphitization method is presented to mediate the topological incompatibility in graphitization by seeding 2D graphene oxide (GO) sheets into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. Strong mechanical strength and high thermal conductivity up to 850 W m−1 K−1 are simultaneously realized, which are one order of magnitude higher in conductivity than commercial PAN‐based CFs. The self‐oxidation and seeded graphitization effect generate large crystallite size and high orientation to far exceed those of conventional CFs. Topologically seeded graphitization, verified in experiments and simulations, allows conversion of the non‐graphitizable into graphitizable materials by incorporating 2D seeds. This method extends the preparation of highly thermally conductive CFs, which has great potential for lightweight thermal‐management materials.
Simultaneous One‐Pot Interpenetrating Network Formation to Expand 3D Processing Capabilities
Authors: Dhand Abhishek P. , Davidson Matthew D. , Galarraga Jonathan H. , Qazi Taimoor H. , Locke Ryan C. , Mauck Robert L. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of a secondary network into traditional single‐network hydrogels can enhance mechanical properties, such as toughness and loading to failure. These features are important for many applications, including as biomedical materials; however, the processing of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels is often limited by their multistep fabrication procedures. Here, a one‐pot scheme for the synthesis of biopolymer IPN hydrogels mediated by the simultaneous crosslinking of two independent networks with light, namely: i) free‐radical crosslinking of methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA) to form the primary network and ii) thiol–ene crosslinking of norbornene‐modified HA with thiolated guest–host assemblies of adamantane and β‐cyclodextrin to form the secondary network, is reported. The mechanical properties of the IPN hydrogels are tuned by changing the network composition, with high water content (≈94%) hydrogels exhibiting excellent work of fracture, tensile strength, and low hysteresis. As proof‐of‐concept, the IPN hydrogels are implemented as low‐viscosity Digital Light Processing resins to fabricate complex structures that recover shape upon loading, as well as in microfluidic devices to form deformable microparticles. Further, the IPNs are cytocompatible with cell adhesion dependent on the inclusion of adhesive peptides. Overall, the enhanced processing of these IPN hydrogels will expand their utility across applications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Hydroxy‐Tethered Allylic Carbonates with Alkenes: Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Xu Jiaqing , Shi Wangyu , Liu Min , Liao Jianning , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Guo Hongchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of hydroxy‐tethered allyl carbonates with five types of electron‐deficient alkenes has been achieved, in which a type of new hydroxy‐tethered allyl carbonates acted as valuable precursors for the formation of 1,4‐C,O‐dipole allylpalladium intermediates. The reaction proceeded efficiently under mild reaction conditions to provide the corresponding tetrahydropyran derivatives in moderate to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.magnified image