bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Moral Psychology of Blame
Authors: Ciurria Mich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter brings feminist moral psychology into conversation with dominant theories of blame. There are three main areas of concern in feminist moral psychology: the value of marginalized emotions like care and anger; the role of distorted states in moral reasoning; and the notion that agency is collective or relational. Feminist debates in each of these areas have implications for the dominant theories of blame: cognitive theory; emotional theory; conative theory; and functional theory. These debates call into question some commonly held beliefs about blame, including that it is a personal (apolitical) response to a target agent; that blaming emotions do or should track individual agency; and that blaming norms are generally felicitous and not in need of significant revision.
Karma, Moral Responsibility, and Buddhist Ethics
Authors: Finnigan Bronwyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Buddha taught that there is no self. He also accepted a version of the doctrine of karmic rebirth, according to which good and bad actions accrue merit and demerit and cause beneficial or harmful events to occur in this life or the next. But how is karmic rebirth possible if there are no selves? The relevant philosophical issues inspired centuries of philosophical reflection and debate. This chapter will contextualize and survey some of the historical and contemporary debates relevant to moral psychology and Buddhist ethics. They include whether the Buddha's teaching of no-self is consistent with the possibility of moral responsibility; the role of retributivism in Buddhist thought; the possibility of a Buddhist account of free will; the scope and viability of recent attempts to naturalize karma to character virtues and vices; and how right action is to be understood within a Buddhist framework.
Marriage, Monogamy, and Moral Psychology
Authors: Macedo Stephen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Marriage is one of our most consequential social institutions: it provides a legal and moral scaffolding around which many individuals form deep and enduring personal relations. Civil marriage is socially legible: it provides a way for two people to publicly declare their mutual commitment and enlist social norms and expectations that help stabilize the commitment. Marriage is more flexible and less obligatory than it used to be, but it still shapes family life, intergenerational ties, and social relations broadly. This chapter considers some major marriage controversies, including conservative opposition to same-sex marriage and the complaints of progressive marriage critics. It explains the case for state recognition of monogamy, and considers the charge that marriage unfairly favours particular ethical ideals.
Love and the Anatomy of Needing Another
Authors: Wonderly Monique 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The idea that we need our beloveds has a rich and longstanding history in classic literature, pop culture, social sciences, and of course philosophical treatments of love. Yet, on a little reflection, the idea that one needs one’s beloved is as puzzling as it is familiar. In what, if any sense, do we really need our beloveds? And insofar as we do need them, is this feature of love something to be celebrated or lamented? In the relevant philosophical literature, there are various ways of understanding the type(s) of psychological need internal to love and whether and how the necessity in question contributes to love’s value. In this chapter, I survey and critically analyse several accounts of felt necessity in love, and advocate for a philosophically neglected perspective on the nature and value of needing our beloveds.
Motivation, Desire for Good, and Design in Plato’s Moral Psychology
Authors: Kamtekar Rachana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How can we become good? According to Plato, we, animals, have a natural desire for our own good, manifested in our seeking pleasure, and in the case of humans, doing what we think is best and inquiring into what is in fact good. This natural desire grounds ‘the Socratic paradox’ that no one does bad or wrong things willingly: our pursuit of our good is hindered by bad actions, for these make us bad, and being bad is contrary to the good we desire. This contrariety notwithstanding, the desires that lead us to do bad actions are ours, a fact reflected in the soul’s tripartition, with each part aiming at our good under some more or less adequate conception, the whole having been designed to enable us to achieve our good. This design stance informs Plato’s account of virtue education by the management of non-rational desires and bodily movements.
The Archaeology of the British Coal Industry
Authors: Palmer Marilyn , Nevell Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter concentrates on the archaeology of the coal industry within Britain, with a focus on extraction, processing, and transport, while placing the eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and twentieth-century industrial remains within a wider European context. It describes the remains of the extraction process, mostly now only visible above ground, although opencast mining does sometimes produce below-ground evidence. It looks at the issues of drainage and haulage at colliery sites, the preparation of the coal on the surface, particularly its conversion to coke, and its role in the production of gas. The transport of coal from the pithead, especially using waggonways and canals, is also discussed. The role of workers’ housing is also reviewed
Non-ferrous Metal Mining and Processing in Industrial Britain
Authors: Palmer Marilyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the physical remains of the copper, lead, and tin mining industries within Britain and the subsequent processing of ore on or near to the various mining sites. The discussion covers these mining industries from the eighteen century through to the twentieth. It reviews the archaeological evidence for metal processing, the relevant power systems employed within these metal extractive industries, and the main geographical areas where this archaeological evidence survives within Britain. Although the focus is on remains from Britain, other European and global examples of non-ferrous mining archaeological remains are discussed in relation to significant surviving landscapes and the evidence for technology transfer.
Timber
Authors: Davies Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In a world once dominated by organic material culture, wood products were pre-eminent. Forests and woodlands provided timber for buildings and houses, ships and furniture, carts and tools. Small wood provided heating fuel, charcoal, and a host of minor products. Industrial logging began in the nineteenth century, as colonial lands of the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australasia were opened up to European exploitation and trade. Archaeologists have researched and revealed numerous aspects of timber-getting in this period, including log transport, milling technology, the social structure of lumber camps, and the solitary lives of charcoal burners. The forests of the world today are a product of how they were treated and managed in the past.
Food Storage
Authors: Casella Eleanor Conlin , Bolton Samantha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Various technologies evolved over the industrial era to enable the hygienic storage of mass-produced food and beverages. A wide range of metal, ceramic, and glass containers were developed, distributed, and discarded on historic sites across the world. This chapter outlines the primary diagnostic features of artefacts associated with the food storage industries. These material characteristics may be used to determine the original contents, date of manufacture, and source of production for these ubiquitous and commonly recovered cans, bottles, and jars. It provides an overview of food storage containers as a ubiquitous artefact category within industrial archaeology.
Australian Colonial Land Settlement
Authors: Winter Sean , Paterson Alistair 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Australia is the only continent besides Antarctica where the European settlement occurred only within the industrial era. Industrial archaeology is potentially an ideal discipline from which to understand the settlement of Australia, given that industrial production was a present and defining factor of all historical activities undertaken after 1788. This chapter considers how archaeological perspectives have provided an understanding of land settlement, with a focus on recent studies. Historical archaeology (of which industrial archaeology is sometimes a subset) has been present in Australia only since the 1970s, while other disciplines such as geography and history have been providing information about colonial land settlement for a longer period of time. This chapter argues that collaboration across disciplines is an effective method that should characterize future work, and suggests future challenges for archaeologies of industry as we consider the implications of the Anthropocene. Additionally, the chapter advocates that previously separate categories of human society and the environment can be effectively framed together at various different spatial levels.
Roads and Bridges
Authors: Timmins Geoff 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Discussion of road improvements in Britain during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been concerned with methods of improving road surfaces and realigning road routes. As this chapter demonstrates, both were matters that provoked considerable disagreement amongst contemporaries as they strove to find ways of accommodating ever-growing volumes of horse-drawn passenger and goods vehicles. Regarding road surfaces, Thedebate debate took place on whether broken stone was preferable to various types of block paving made either from stone or wood and, during the Victorian era, whether asphalt provided a better option. As to realignment, which involved easing gradients, a matter in which bridge building played an important role, along with road widening and straightening, were key matters that engaged attention. Examples from various parts of the England are used to show the types of improvements made and the varying impact they had, recognizing both the topographical and financial constraints that applied.
The Gas Industry
Authors: West Ian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gas industry, initially making gas from coal, was born in Britain around the first decade of the nineteenth century. To begin with, the gas was used almost exclusively for lighting, before other applications emerged towards the end of that century. The industry spread rapidly throughout Western Europe, North America, and to growing cities in many other parts of the world. Around the middle of the twentieth century, coal gas was supplanted by gas made from other materials, and then by natural gas which, in many parts of the world, has grown to become the dominant source of primary energy, used directly in the home and in industry, as well as for electricity generation. This chapter reviews the physical remains for gas production, especially from coal (retort, exhaust, booster, and meter houses), where the technology of production remained largely unaltered until abandoned, and natural gas where the remains focus largely on processing and distribution from offshore locations.
The Social Life of Coal Mining
Authors: Larkin Karin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coal fuelled the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and the United States ushering in changes to both industry and social life. These changes included profound impacts on the social structure, culture, location, and organization of coal-mining communities. Social changes were further compounded by mass migrations, Western Expansion in the United States, ethnic and racial tensions, and widening class distinctions of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries. While industrial archaeology has tended to focus on the technology of industrialization related to coal, this chapter discusses the social aspects of coal mining focusing on community organization, family, class, identity, and resistance. Examining the power relations between coal company operators and mining families offers insight into strategies used for control and resistance. Using case studies from the United States, Australia, and Great Britain, the chapter draws comparisons and points out differences in mining communities within the United States as well as abroad.
Social Welfare Institutions
Authors: Casella Eleanor Conlin , Fennelly Katherine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rise of industrialization was accompanied by a new institutional management regime for the sick, criminal, and unproductive. From the late eighteenth century onwards, an increasingly diverse array of social welfare institutions were established to confine, treat, and relocate those deemed vulnerable or dangerous to civic society. Drawing from European and North American case studies, this chapter outlines the proliferation of monumental architectural spaces explicitly dedicated to the segregation, classification, treatment, and punishment of their occupants. The homogenized block, ward, and courtyard layouts of general infirmaries, urban prisons, and state penitentiaries are contrasted with more specialized and domestic-style forms developed for lunatic asylums, maternity hospitals, and health sanatoriums. By situating this built heritage within broader philosophical debates over nature and purpose of ‘confinement’, this chapter illustrates the architectural legacy of institutional welfare during the industrial era.
British Car Factories since 1896
Authors: Collins Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter deals with the technology and buildings of the car industry as a case study of the problems and rewards of researching a twentieth-century industry. It reviews the research sources and field techniques used to build a database of car factories in Britain. It then goes on to assess the levels of physical survival and the role of conservation using the city of Coventry, the focus of British car-making in the twentieth century, as a case study. This was all done in the pre-Internet and email times, when, lacking such aids as Google Earth, sites had to be visited in person and necessary arrangements made by letter or telephone. Following identification of buildings, the chapter then describes the additional information that was sought for these sites before describing the outcomes from the survey. In conclusion, the lessons learned for future work, and wider applications of the principles demonstrated are discussed.
Global Communications, 1561 to 2016
Authors: Linge Nigel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how the UK has always been at the forefront of global communications. It starts with packet ships that were used to carry handwritten messages across the oceans of the world and established Falmouth in Cornwall as an international communications hub. Electricity then replaced ships and in 1866 the first reliable Atlantic telegraph cable connected the UK with Canada and USA. A global communications revolution ensued which, by 1902, resulted in the world being encircled by a network of telegraph cables. New technology enabled communications via radio and the telephone replaced the telegraph. The 1960s brought the telecommunications satellite and then in the 1980s, optical fibres laid the foundations of our modern, digitally interconnected world. Throughout this period, Cornwall has consistently been strategically important for keeping the UK connected to the world, making it one of the most archaeologically important telecommunications sites in the country.
The Cold War
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Cold War (1946–1989) in the developed Western world) is represented by a diverse range of architectural and archaeological traces, some of which are monumental in scale and in their impact on the landscape. These bunkers, command centres, and airfields have become symbols of an industrial Cold War era, their monumentality representing the scale of the destruction that might have ensued. But these monumental remains are not all that survive, and they only tell one part of a complex story that involves government policy, global geopolitics, research and development, industry, and opposition. The opposition is a fascinating and easily overlooked aspect of this story, not least archaeologically as its traces are so ephemeral, almost ‘prehistoric’ in their subtlety and their character. This chapter explores the industrial character of the Cold War era through these most subtle but significant of traces.
An Archaeology of Nuclear Power
Authors: Cummings Vicki , Robinson David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter details an archaeological approach to sites in the nuclear industry. Set against a background of a consideration of Cold War sites more generally, the chapter suggests that nuclear sites have seen little investigation because many are still in use. Furthermore, there are associated risks of contamination (radiation) along with security issues to consider. However, the effects of nuclear sites can be documented, in terms of how they affect both people and landscapes around them. Moreover, it is possible to identify the material outcomes of such sites, albeit in slightly less conventional ways than other industrial processes. Thus, these sites should be considered an important part of our industrial heritage, and can benefit from future archaeological investigation.
Embedding MSCs in Si-HPMC hydrogel decreased MSC-directed host immune response and increased the regenerative potential of macrophages
Authors: Demarquay Christelle , Moussa Lara , Réthoré Gildas , Milliat Fabien , Weiss Pierre , Mathieu Noëlle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmbedding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in biomaterial is a subject of increasing interest in the field of Regenerative Medicine. Speeding up the clinical use of MSCs is dependent on the use of non-syngeneic models in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) requirements and on costs. To this end, in this study, we analyzed the in vivo host immune response following local injection of silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC)-embedded human MSCs in a rat model developing colorectal damage induced by ionizing radiation. Plasma and lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested in addition to colonic tissue. We set up tests, using flow cytometry and a live imaging system, to highlight the response to specific antibodies and measure the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against injected MSCs. We demonstrated that Si-HPMC protects MSCs from specific antibodies production and from apoptosis by lymphocytes. We also observed that Si-HPMC does not modify innate immune response infiltrate in vivo, and that in vitro co-culture of Si-HPMC-embedded MSCs impacts macrophage inflammatory response depending on the microenvironment but, more importantly, increases the macrophage regenerative response through Wnt-family and VEGF gene expression. This study furthers our understanding of the mechanisms involved, with a view to improving the therapeutic benefits of biomaterial-assisted cell therapy by modulating the host immune response. The decrease in specific immune response against injected MSCs protected by Si-HPMC also opens up new possibilities for allogeneic clinical use.
OA11 Serum interferon alpha levels as a predictor of short-term mortality in patients of SLE with high disease activity
Authors: Yerram Keerthi Vardhan , Devarasetti Phani Kumar , Rajasekhar Liza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
Short-term mortality in patients with SLE and high disease activity approaches 30% as reported by various studies. Raised serum interferon-alpha levels are observed in patients with active SLE. In mice studies interferon alpha(IFNα) delivered through adenovirus vector to lupus prone mice, caused rapid development of glomerulonephritis and death within 18 weeks. The aim was to study the value of interferon alpha in predicting short-term mortality in patients of SLE with high disease activity.

Methods
Serum samples of consecutive SLE patients with high disease activity (SLEDAI&gt;12) and age more than 18 years admitted in NIMS Rheumatology ward and acute medical care (AMC) were analyzed for interferon alpha levels with IFNα ELISA kit (ELAB science). Patients admitted for any other reason and having SLEDAI less than 12 were excluded. Demographic details and SLEDAI were recorded simultaneously. Patients who survived and discharged were considered as survivor group and those who succumbed during admission were considered as non-survivors. Between groups, difference in mean interferon alpha level was calculated using unpaired t test. Binomial logistic regression was applied to IFNα levels, dsDNA and SLEDAI as for predicting in-hospital mortality. Using ROC curve, area under curve was calculated for IFNα as a predictor of in-hospital mortality. Patients or legal guardian provided written informed consent for the study. Study was approved by the Institute ethics committee.

Results
Seventy patients with SLEDAI &gt;12 were admitted to ward (n = 62) or AMC (n = 18) from November 2020 to August 2021.Those excluded were age&lt;18 (n = 6), SLEDAI&lt;12 (n = 10), overlap syndromes (n = 8), patients with infection (n = 11). Mean age of the patients was 27.6±8.9 years. Mean duration of hospitalization was 8±4 days. 12 patients died in hospital and 58 survived. Mean days to death was 5±1 days. Mean SLEDAI (23.6±6.1, 18±5.6 p = 0.05), mean dsDNA (3.1±2.1, 1.7±1.8 p = 0.05) and mean serum IFNα levels in pg/ml (318.8±190.1, 39.9±74.7 p = &lt;0.001) was higher in non-survivors than survivors. On applying binomial logistic regression, serum interferon alpha predicted in-hospital mortality (p = &lt;0.001) while dsDNA(p = 0.4) and SLEDAI (p = 0.5) did not. Area under curve for predicting death was 0.9 for IFNα,0.74 for SLEDAI and 0.7 for dsDNA. A serum interferon alpha level of 140 pg/ml was the best predictor of in-hospital mortality with sensitivity of 84 %and specificity of 94%.

Conclusion
In-hospital mortality in patients with high disease activity is 17%. dsDNA, SLEDAI and serum interferon levels are predictors of in-hospital mortality. Among these serum IFNα is the best predictor of in-hospital mortality.

Disclosure
K. yerram: None. P. Devarasetti: None. L. Rajasekhar: None.