bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Variability of Conversion Models for Concrete Strength Assessment Based on Pulse Velocity Measurements
Authors: Diaferio Mariella 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The existence of a wide reinforced concrete (r.c.) building stock, which is reaching the end of its service life, has focused the attention on its vulnerability assessment. The first step of this analysis is the estimation of the concrete compressive strength. In this field, many codes allow to supplement the classical destructive tests with nondestructive ones, because of their versality and of the possibility of reducing the time spent for tests. It is worth noting that the spread of these tests is strictly connected to the accuracy of the conversion models, which correlate the nondestructive measurements to the concrete strength. The present paper deals with this issue by examining the results of the experimental investigations, which made use of destructive and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, on three r.c. buildings in Bari (Italy). The data are analyzed and rearranged to define several testing conditions, for each one of which a conversion model is calibrated. Moreover, the variability of the parameters of the identified models is discussed with respect to the number of data considered in the calibration process, to the chosen model, and to the accuracy of the assessed strength.
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique for Fatigue Detection and Classification in Martensitic Stainless-Steel
Authors: Basti Shenoy Bharath , Li Zi , Udpa Lalita , Udpa Satish , Deng Yiming , Seuaciuc-Osorio Thiago 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stainless steel is used in many applications because of its excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Material fatigue is a major problem in steel structures and can cause catastrophic damage resulting in significant economic consequences. Conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques can detect macro defects but do not perform well when it comes to material degradation due to fatigue, which happens at a microstructure level. It is well known that stress applied on a material will have an impact on the microstructure and produces a change in the magnetic properties of the material. Hence, magnetic nondestructive evaluation techniques that are sensitive to changes in magnetic properties play a major role in the early-stage fatigue detection, i.e., before the macro crack initiates. This paper introduces the magnetic Barkhausen noise technique to garner information about fatigue state of the material under test. K-medoids clustering algorithm and genetic optimization algorithm are used to classify the stainless-samples into fatigue categories. The results prove that martensitic grade stainless-steel samples in different stages of fatigue can be classified into broad fatigue categories, i.e., low fatigue, mid fatigue, and high fatigue based on the remaining useful life of the sample.
Reworked pollen reduces apparent floral change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Korasidis Vera A. , Wing Scott L. , Nelson David M. , Baczynski Allison A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plant megafossils from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming, USA, document a dramatic shift in floral composition, whereas palynofloral change from the same sections has appeared to be more subtle. We investigated this discrepancy by quantifying pollen preservation and measuring the stable carbon isotope composition of specific pollen taxa. Pollen grains belonging to two common latest Paleocene taxa are poorly preserved in PETM samples, and their δ13Cpollen is similar during the latest Paleocene and PETM. In contrast, pollen grains of a thermophilic taxon that became more abundant during the PETM are pristine, and the δ13Cpollen of PETM specimens is ∼4‰ lower than that of latest Paleocene specimens. More broadly, pollen grains belonging to lineages currently centered in temperate climates are poorly preserved when found in PETM samples, whereas in the same samples, pollen belonging to lineages now centered in the tropics are well preserved. These differences in preservation and isotopic composition indicate extensive redeposition of older pollen grains during the PETM. Increased abundance of Cretaceous palynotaxa in PETM samples confirms erosion and redeposition, likely resulting from more episodic and intense precipitation. Exclusion of reworked palynotaxa from analyses reveals that, as in the megaflora, temperate taxa were absent during the PETM at the time when dry tropical taxa briefly appeared. Major climate changes like the PETM may commonly destabilize landscapes, increase reworking, and thus smooth patterns of change in microfloras, leading to underestimates of the rate and magnitude of floral response to past global change.
Cardiovascular and renal efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Tsai Wan-Chuan , Hsu Shih-Ping , Chiu Yen-Ling , Yang Ju-Yeh , Pai Mei-Fen , Ko Mei-Ju , Tu Yu-Kang , Hung Kuan-Yu , Chien Kuo-Liong , Peng Yu-Sen , Wu Hon-Yen 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the cardiovascular and renal efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients without diabetes.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for publications up to 17 August 2022. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool effect measures across studies. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs are expressed for composite cardiovascular outcome of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure, cardiovascular death, hospitalisation for heart failure, all-cause mortality and composite renal outcome of ≥50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), end-stage kidney disease or renal death. Annual rate of change in eGFR is expressed as the mean difference with 95% CI.ResultsWe identified four trials with 8927 patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Compared with placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors showed favourable effects on the composite cardiovascular outcome (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.87; moderate certainty), cardiovascular death (0.85, 0.74 to 0.99; moderate certainty), hospitalisation for heart failure (0.72, 0.62 to 0.82; moderate certainty), the composite renal outcome (0.64, 0.48 to 0.85; low certainty) and the annual rate of change in eGFR (mean difference: 0.99, 0.59 to 1.39 mL/min/1.73 m2/year; moderate certainty), while there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (0.88, 0.77 to 1.01; very low certainty). Moderate certainty evidence indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the risk of serious adverse events and acute renal failure. Low certainty evidence suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors increased the risk of urinary tract infection and genital infection, while there were no differences in discontinuation due to adverse events, amputation, fracture, hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis or volume depletion.ConclusionsEvidence of low to moderate certainty suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors provide cardiorenal benefits but have increased risk for urinary tract infection and genital infection in patients without diabetes and with heart failure or CKD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021239807.
Association between a History of herpes zoster and the risk of Sjögren’s syndrome: a nationwide, population-based, case–control study
Authors: Huang Pei Ju , Lin Shih-Ping , Wu Chun-Yi , Liu Yen-Tze , Chen Hsin-Hua 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveViral infection is an exogenous factor for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). The relationship between herpes zoster infection and the ensuring risk of SS has remained unclear. This study investigated the association between a history of herpes zoster infection and the risk of SS through a nationwide population-based case–control study.DesignRetrospective case–control study.SettingGeneral population of Taiwan.Data source2003–2013 National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.ParticipantsWe identified all patients with newly diagnosed SS between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2012 without a history of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus as the SS group.ControlsWe randomly selected patients without SS between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2012 and matched 1:5 with controls based on index year, age and sex.Main outcome measureConditional logistic regression analysis to examine the association between a history of herpes zoster and the risk of SS.ResultsThe study included 5751 patients with SS and 28 755 matched controls. The risk of SS was significantly associated with a history of herpes zoster (model A (adjusted for Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (excluding connective tissue disease, CTD)): OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.71 to 2.08; model B (adjusted for comorbidities used to calculate CCI (excluding CTD)): OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.72 to 2.10), in particular if the interval from the last visit for herpes zoster infection to the index date was <3 months (model A: OR 3.09; 95% CI 2.20 to 4.34; model B: OR 3.13; 95% CI 2.20 to 4.45). Such associations remained robust using various definitions of herpes zoster.ConclusionThis nationwide, population-based, case–control study revealed a significant association between a history of herpes zoster and the risk of SS.
The mono-Higgs + MET signal at the Large Hadron Collider: a study on the $$\gamma \gamma $$ and $$b\bar{b}$$ final states
Authors: Bhowmik Debabrata , Lahiri Jayita , Bhattacharya Satyaki , Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup , Singh Ritesh K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate the potential of the channel mono-Higgs + missing transverse energy (MET) in yielding signals of dark matter at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC). As illustration, a Higgs-portal scenario has been chosen, where an extension of the Standard Model with a real scalar gauge-singlet which serves as a dark matter candidate. The phenomenological viability of this scenario has been ensured by postulating the existence of dimension-6 operators that enable cancellation in certain amplitudes for elastic scattering of dark matter in direct search experiments. These operators are found to have non-negligible contribution to the mono-Higgs signal. Thereafter, we carry out a detailed analysis of this signal, with the accompanying MET providing a useful handle in suppressing backgrounds. Signals for the Higgs decaying into both the diphoton and $$b{\bar{b}}$$

b

b

¯

channels have been studied. A cut-based simulation is presented first, optimizing over various event selection criteria. This is followed by a demonstration of how the statistical significance can be improved through analyses based on boosted decision trees and artificial neural networks.
Differential expansion for antiparallel triple pretzels: the way the factorization is deformed
Authors: Morozov A. , Tselousov N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a peculiar family of double braid knots there is a remarkable factorization formula for the coefficients of the differential (cyclotomic) expansion (DE), which nowadays is widely used to construct the exclusive Racah matrices S and $${\bar{S}}$$

S

¯

in arbitrary representations. The origins of the factorization remain obscure and the special role of double braids remains a mystery. In an attempt to broaden the perspective, we extend the family of double braids to antiparallel triple pretzels, which are obtained by the defect-preserving deformation from the trefoil and all have defect zero. It turns out that factorization of DE coefficients is violated quite strongly, still remains described by an elegant formula, at least for all symmetric representations.
A selective reagent ion-time-of-flight-mass spectrometric study of the reactions of O2+· with several volatile halogenated inhalation anaesthetics: potential for breath analysis
Authors: Weiss Florentin , Mayhew Chris A. , Ruzsanyi Veronika , Lederer Wolfgang , Märk Tilmann D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a part of an ongoing study to determine the concentrations of inhalation anaesthetics in the exhaled breath of patients following surgery, separate investigations are being undertaken to determine which soft chemical ionisation mass spectrometric techniques are most suitable for real-time breath measurements. Towards that goal, we present here details of a selective reagent ion-time-of-flight-mass spectrometer study investigating the reactions of O2+· with isoflurane, enflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane. Information on the product ions as a function of reduced electric field and the influence of humidity in the drift (reaction) tube is presented. With increasing humidity in the drift tube, secondary product ion-water reactions lead to significant decreases in the intensities of many of the primary product ions, resulting here in a reduced analytical sensitivity for the four fluranes. However, for breath analysis this is found not to be a major issue owing to the high concentrations of inhalation anaesthetics found in exhaled breath even several days after surgery. This is demonstrated in a clinical measurement involving a patient who had undergone an operational procedure, with sevoflurane being used for maintenance of general anaesthesia.
Graphical abstract
The emergence of protein dynamics simulations: how computational statistical mechanics met biochemistry
Authors: Macuglia Daniele , Roux Benoît , Ciccotti Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this essay, we aim to illustrate how Martin Karplus and his research group effectively set in motion the engine of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of biomolecules. This process saw its prodromes between 1969 and the early 1970s with Karplus’ landing in biology, a transition that came to fruition with the treatment of 11-cis-retinal photoisomerization and the development of an allosteric model to account for the mechanism of cooperativity in hemoglobin. In 1977, J. Andrew McCammon, Bruce Gelin, and Martin Karplus published an article inNaturereporting the MD simulation of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). This publication helped initiate the merger of computational statistical mechanics and biochemistry, a process that Karplus undertook at a later stage and whose beginnings we propose to reconstruct in this article through unpublished accounts of the key people who participated in this endeavor.
Covid-19 Versus Lung Cancer: Analyzing Chest CT Images Using Deep Ensemble Neural Network
Authors: Santosh KC , Ghosh Sourodip 
Published: October 2022

With a high rise in deaths caused due to novel coronavirus (nCoV), immunocompromised persons are at high risk. Lung cancer is no exception. Classifying lung cancer patients and Covid-19 is the primary aim of the paper. For this, we propose a deep ensemble neural network (VGG16, DenseNet121, ResNet50 and custom CNN) to detect Covid-19 and lung cancer using chest CT images. We validate our model using three different datasets, namely SPIE AAPM Lung CT Challenge (1503 images), Covid CT dataset (349 images), and SARS-CoV-2 CT-scan dataset (1252 images). We utilize a k(= 5) fold cross-validation approach on the individual deep neural networks (DNNs) and a custom designed CNN model architecture, and achieve a benchmark score of 96.30% (accuracy) with a sensitivity and precision value of 96.39% and 98.44%, respectively. The proposed model effectively utilizes diverse models. To the best of our knowledge, using ensemble DNN, this is the first time we analyze chest CT images to separate lung cancer from Covid-19 (and vice-versa). As our aim is to classify Covid-19 and lung cancer using chest CT images, it helps in prioritizing immunocompromised persons from Covid-19 for a better patient care. Also, mass screening is possible especially in resource-constrained regions since CT scans are cheaper. The long-term goal is to check whether AI-guided tool(s) is(are) able to prioritize patients that are at high risk (e.g., lung disease) from any possible future infectious disease outbreaks.
More or Less Unnatural: Semantic Similarity Shapes the Learnability and Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Unnatural Syncretism in Morphological Paradigms
Authors: Saldana Carmen , Herce Borja , Bickel Balthasar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMorphological systems often reuse the same forms in different functions, creating what is known as syncretism. While syncretism varies greatly, certain cross-linguistic tendencies are apparent. Patterns where all syncretic forms share a morphological feature value (e.g., first person, or plural number) are most common cross-linguistically, and this preference is mirrored in results from learning experiments. While this suggests a general bias towards natural (featurally homogeneous) over unnatural (featurally heterogeneous) patterns, little is yet known about gradients in learnability and distributions of different kinds of unnatural patterns. In this paper we assess apparent cross-linguistic asymmetries between different types of unnatural patterns in person-number verbal agreement paradigms and test their learnability in an artificial language learning experiment. We find that the cross-linguistic recurrence of unnatural patterns of syncretism in person-number paradigms is proportional to the amount of shared feature values (i.e., semantic similarity) amongst the syncretic forms. Our experimental results further suggest that the learnability of syncretic patterns also mirrors the paradigm’s degree of feature-value similarity. We propose that this gradient in learnability reflects a general bias towards similarity-based structure in morphological learning, which previous literature has shown to play a crucial role in word learning as well as in category and concept learning more generally. Rather than a dichotomous natural/unnatural distinction, our results thus support a more nuanced view of (un)naturalness in morphological paradigms and suggest that a preference for similarity-based structure during language learning might shape the worldwide transmission and typological distribution of patterns of syncretism.
Iranian World Plant Species in the European Network of Botanical Information Exchange in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Pouryan Ashkan Avali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Geographic discoveries in the sixteenth century, alongside methodical reforms in the practice of natural history, created a situation that was conducive for information exchange between European agents and local informants and scholars outside of Europe. These contacts, in turn, acted as a strong stimulus for change in European natural history. Until now, research on this process of transformation has been mainly focused on areas like the Indian subcontinent or the Americas, where most of these activities occurred, both in terms of politics and science alike. But Iran, a crucial part of the world trade network in that period, is still largely neglected in this research. This paper seeks to begin to redress the balance, introducing some notable plant species that were designated to the Iranian world by sixteenth-century European naturalists. This introductory survey will help to shed some light on the diversity of scientific exchange in the sixteenth century and the role played by other lesser known areas in this process.
Philosophical Poetry and Courtly Appeal: Fakhr al-Din Rāzi’s Didactic Panegyric for the Khvārazmian Prince Nāser al-Din Malekshāh
Authors: Jacobsen Ben Hammed Nora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While Fakhr al-Din Rāzi’s (d. 1210/606) works of philosophical theology are well known, his poetry has been largely ignored by scholars to date. This article provides a translation and analysis of Rāzi’s previously untranslated Persian panegyric ode (qasidat al-madh) entitled “Fi al-manteq va-ʾl-tabiʿa va-ʾl-elāhi va-madh al-soltān (On Logic, Physics, and Metaphysics, and Praise of the Sultan).” Combining a historical and literary approach, I argue that Rāzi strategically employs both the didactic and the panegyric genres in his attempt to regain the favor of the Khvārazmian crown prince, Nāser al-Din Malekshāh (d. 1196–7/593). In addition to demonstrating Rāzi’s belief in the soteriological value of knowledge, the poem adds further evidence for elite support of Islamic philosophy after Ebn Sīnā—in this case, in the eastern lands of the Islamic empire.
The Manchukuo Mongolian Army
Authors: Deng Yannan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Among the core elements of the Manchukuo Military, a puppet force created in northeast China in 1932 by the Japanese Kwantung army, were units from eastern Inner Mongolia, also known as the Xing’an province. These Inner Mongols played a role in the Manchukuo Military far beyond their ratio of the total population, and many of the military officers participated in establishing a pro-Communist regime in Xing’an after the Japanese surrender. An examination of the early history, establishment, and collapse of these forces is vital for a clear understanding of twentieth-century northeast China and Inner Mongolia. This article focuses on the motivations of the Mongols in the Manchuria Incident, the formation of the Japanese-Mongol military collaboration and the reasons for the military insurrection against the Japanese.
Interaction between Hygroscopic Seeding and Mixed-Phase Microphysics in Convective Clouds
Authors: Tonttila Juha , Korpinen Anniina , Kokkola Harri , Romakkaniemi Sami , Fortelius Carl , Korhonen Hannele 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intentional release of hygroscopic particles, or seeding, in convective clouds is one of the postulated methods to artificially enhance rainfall. Motivated by the general uncertainty in the underlying physics, this work employs a large-eddy simulation code together with a detailed aerosol–cloud microphysics model to investigate the conditions and processes conducive to seeding in the United Arab Emirates. Mixed-phase processes are identified as the main source for rainfall in convective clouds in this area owing to the continental aerosol characteristics and a high cloud-base altitude relatively close to the freezing level. Subsequently, our model experiments highlight the importance of mixed-phase processes in mediating the effects of hygroscopic seeding on rainfall as well. The seeding particles acted to accelerate riming by increasing the number of large droplets taken above the freezing level by the convective updrafts. The rime fraction was increased by up to 15%, which promotes the growth of the frozen hydrometeors, eventually leading to enhanced rainfall via melting. The peak enhancement in surface rainfall was up to 20%–30%, although this is almost certainly an overestimation relative to real-world operations because of the simplified description of the seeding in the model. The strongest rain enhancement was obtained with a high background aerosol concentration of approximately 4500 cm−3, whereas reduced aerosol resulted in weaker enhancement. The latter case showed an overall higher rime fraction indicating an already efficient precipitation formation process, which suppressed the seeding-induced enhancement. The conclusions of our work encourage more careful consideration of the mixed-phase processes in quantifying the hygroscopic seeding effects in continental convective clouds.