bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical studies of plant proteins based on grain mixtures
Authors: Kechkin I , Ermolaev V , Yakovchenko M , Gurkovskaya E , Makhacheva E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on the result analysis obtained by grinding the grain mixture on coarse systems of the break process, a technological scheme of grinding was developed, it includes three break systems, a scratch system, a grinding system and five reduction systems, which ensured a flour yield of 70 - 75%. After developing the technology of the grinding process for wheat grain with the aim to obtain an optimal flour yield of 70-75%, and the preparation of binary mixtures of composite types of flour with specified technological properties, there was analyzed the samples’ quality in terms of molecular weight (MM) to confirm their nutritional value. The analysis was carried out to determine the protein molecular mass of wheat grain, flax seeds and wheat flour on the basis of the developed TSEC technique using polyethylene glycols (PEGs) as standards and marker proteins to identify the analysis results. Detailed analytical studies of plant proteins for obtaining qualitative and quantitative characteristics by the TSEC method are presented in the paper. Analytical characteristics of the method have been studied, which makes it possible to obtain reproducible results of a kind of qualitative analysis of biopolymers by quantitative characteristics of molecular weights and quantitative analysis of proteins by optical densitometry. The developed methods for determining the molecular mass of proteins are characterized from the metrological point of view.
The evolution and role of eukaryotic-like domains in environmental intracellular bacteria: the battle with a eukaryotic cell
Authors: Martyn Jessica E , Gomez-Valero Laura , Buchrieser Carmen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intracellular pathogens that are able to thrive in different environments, such as Legionella spp. that preferentially live in protozoa in aquatic environments or environmental Chlamydiae that replicate either within protozoa or a range of animals, possess a plethora of cellular biology tools to influence their eukaryotic host. The host manipulation tools that evolved in the interaction with protozoa confer these bacteria the capacity to also infect phylogenetically distinct eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages, and thus they can also be human pathogens. To manipulate the host cell, bacteria use protein secretion systems and molecular effectors. Although these molecular effectors are encoded in bacteria, they are expressed and function in a eukaryotic context often mimicking or inhibiting eukaryotic proteins. Indeed, many of these effectors have eukaryotic-like domains. In this review, we propose that the main pathways that environmental intracellular bacteria need to subvert in order to establish the host eukaryotic cell as a replication niche are chromatin remodelling, ubiquitination signalling and modulation of protein–protein interactions via tandem repeat domains. We then provide mechanistic insight into how these proteins might have evolved. Finally, we highlight that in environmental intracellular bacteria the number of eukaryotic-like domains and proteins is considerably higher than in intracellular bacteria specialized to an isolated niche, such as obligate intracellular human pathogens. As mimics of eukaryotic proteins are critical components of host–pathogen interactions, this distribution of eukaryotic-like domains suggests that the environment has selected them.
Genetic risk factors and COVID-19 severity in Brazil: results from BRACOVID study
Authors: Pereira Alexandre C , Bes Taniela M , Velho Mariliza , Marques Emanuelle , Jannes Cintia E , Valino Karina R , Dinardo Carla L , Costa Silvia F , Duarte Alberto J S , Santos Alexandre R , Mitne-Neto Miguel , Medina-Pestana Jose , Krieger Jose E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the paradigms for disease surveillance and rapid deployment of scientific-based evidence for understanding disease biology, susceptibility and treatment. We have organized a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, one of the most affected areas of the pandemic in the country, itself one of the most affected in the world. Here, we present the results of the initial analysis in the first 5233 participants of the BRACOVID study. We have conducted a GWAS for COVID-19 hospitalization enrolling 3533 cases (hospitalized COVID-19 participants) and 1700 controls (non-hospitalized COVID-19 participants). Models were adjusted by age, sex and the 4 first principal components. A meta-analysis was also conducted merging BRACOVID hospitalization data with the Human Genetic Initiative (HGI) Consortia results. BRACOVID results validated most loci previously identified in the HGI meta-analysis. In addition, no significant heterogeneity according to ancestral group within the Brazilian population was observed for the two most important COVID-19 severity associated loci: 3p21.31 and Chr21 near IFNAR2. Using only data provided by BRACOVID, a new genome-wide significant locus was identified on Chr1 near the genes DSTYK and RBBP5. The associated haplotype has also been previously associated with a number of blood cell related traits and might play a role in modulating the immune response in COVID-19 cases.
The Production of North American and German Democracy Promotion Expertise: A Practice Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Holthaus Leonie , Christensen Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In international relations, there is regular reflection about the complex relations between academic and various kinds of practical knowledge. In this article, we add to these reflections using the example of democracy promotion expertise. We develop a practice–theoretical methodology based on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and extensions of it in the communities of practice literature. We also include a comparative dimension by studying epistemic practices in North America and Germany. Our analysis shows the importance of knowledge translating between academia and democracy promotion practice and the prestige and capital of roaming experts who cross epistemic boundaries that otherwise divide actors. To varying degrees, roaming experts contribute to practice-oriented translations of academic insights and the identification of problems stemming from ongoing practice that are important in democracy promotion. We show that processes of problem construction are regulated by conventions that homogenize epistemic practices and evidence, with only selective attention paid to emancipatory demands or epistemes from the Global South. While our research shows some epistemes and demands conflict with Western norms, Global South epistemes and demands are most often turned into arguments for further liberal democracy promotion.
Systematics and paleoecology of a new species of Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the lower Eocene of Spain
Authors: Ferratges Fernando A , Zamora Samuel , Aurell Marcos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Roda Formation (early Eocene Ypresian, Huesca, Aragón, northern Spain) records successive levels including rich decapod faunas relevant for the understanding of Ypresian decapod assemblages. Asthenognathus fernandezin. sp. is described from one of these levels, representing the oldest report of a fossil Asthenognathinae, and the first report from the Iberian Peninsula. Fossil members of Asthenognathinae Stimpson, 1858, are difficult to distinguish from other families, especially when they lack preserved pereiopods, sternum, and abdomen. The new taxon shows important features that include reduced pereiopods, small and sub-cylindrical carapace, and absence of protruding ornamentation. This combination of characters indicates a possible early adaptation of Asthenognathus Stimpson, 1858 to life in cylindrical cavities. Asthenognathus fernandezin. sp. occurred on poorly consolidated siliciclastic substrates associated with a rich benthic fauna, including echinoderms, molluscs, and other crustaceans.
Climber exhibits first clinical manifestation of spinocerebellar ataxia on Karakoram expedition
Authors: Szymczak Robert K , Sawicka Magdalena , Pyrzowski Jan 
Published: February 2022

Spinocerebellar ataxias are rare, genetically inherited diseases. Their typical symptoms include disturbances in gait, balance and uncoordinated movements, but these abnormalities, when appear at altitude, might also suggest high-altitude cerebral edema.
We described the first clinical manifestation of spinocerebellar ataxia of a climber from Poland on a Karakoram expedition.
Almost APAL
Authors: van Ditmarsch Hans , Liu Mo , Kuijer Louwe B , Sedlar Igor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArbitrary public announcement logic (APAL) is a logic of change of knowledge with modalities representing quantification over announcements. We present two rather different versions of APAL wherein this quantification is restricted to formulas only containing a subset of all propositional variables: SAPAL and SCAPAL. Such restrictions are relevant in principle for the specification of multi-agent system dynamics. We also present another version of APAL, quantifying over all announcements implied by or implying a given formula: IPAL. We then determine the relative expressivity of all these logics and APAL. We also present complete axiomatizations of SAPAL and SCAPAL and show undecidability of satisfiability for all logics involved, by arguments nearly identical to those for APAL. We show that the IPAL quantifier, motivated by the satisfaction clause for substructural implication, yields a new substructural dynamic consequence relation.
Novel directions of precision oncology: circulating microbial DNA emerging in cancer-microbiome areas
Authors: You Liting , Zhou Juan , Xin Zhaodan , Hauck J Spencer , Na Feifei , Tang Jie , Zhou Xiaohan , Lei Zichen , Ying Binwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades. Microbes can affect oncogenesis, progression, and treatment response through various mechanisms, including direct regulation and indirect impacts. Microbiota-associated detection methods and agents have been developed to facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy. Additionally, the cancer microbiome has recently been redefined. The identification of intra-tumoral microbes and cancer-related circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) has promoted novel research in the cancer–microbiome area. In this review, we define the human system of commensal microbes and the cancer microbiome from a brand-new perspective and emphasize the potential value of cmDNA as a promising biomarker in cancer liquid biopsy. We outline all existing studies on the relationship between cmDNA and cancer and the outlook for potential preclinical and clinical applications of cmDNA in cancer precision medicine, as well as critical problems to be overcome in this burgeoning field.
Dirac gaugino from grand gauge-Higgs unification
Authors: Nakano Hiroaki , Sato Masamichi , Seto Osamu , Yamashita Toshifumi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We show that models of the Dirac gaugino can naturally be embedded into a kind of grand unified theory (GUT), the grand gauge-Higgs unification (gGHU) model, with the gauge group $SU(5)\times SU(5)/\mathbb {Z}_2$ on an $S^1/\mathbb {Z}_2$ orbifold. The supersymmetric gGHU is known to possess a light chiral adjoint supermultiplet after the GUT breaking, thanks to the exchange symmetry of two SU(5) groups. Identifying the “predicted” adjoint fermion with the Dirac partner of the gaugino, we argue that the supersoft term, responsible for the Dirac gaugino mass, can be obtained from the supersymmetric Chern–Simons (CS)-like term in the gGHU setup. Although the latter term does not respect the exchange symmetry, we propose a novel way to introduce its breaking effect within a consistent orbifold construction. We also give a concrete setup of fermion field contents (bulk and boundary-localized fermions) that induce the requisite CS-like term, and calculate its coefficient from the bulk profile of chiral fermion zero modes. Our gGHU setup may be regarded as an extra-dimensional realization of the Goldstone gaugino scenario that was proposed before as a solution to the problem of adjoint scalar masses.
Combination therapy of sorafenib and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with and without hepatic arteriovenous shunt
Authors: Chen Pin-Ko , Chiu Sung-Hua , Tsai Ming-Ting , Chang Kai-Hsiang , Chang Wei-Chou , Lin Hsuan-Hwai , Lo Cheng-Hsiang , Huang Guo-Shu , Chang Ping-Ying 
Published: February 2022

Background:
To compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sorafenib and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with or without hepatic arteriovenous shunt (HAVS).

Methods:
This retrospective, single-center study enrolled 59 advanced HCC patients treated with combination therapy, of whom 33 (55.9%) patients had HAVS. Tumor response according to the mRECIST criteria was evaluated based on the CT images 1 month after TACE, and changes in the arterial enhancement ratio (AER) of tumors and portal vein tumor thrombosis were also documented. Time-to-progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors were analyzed. Safety was evaluated with the incidence of TACE-related complications within 6 weeks after TACE.

Results:
The tumor response between the two groups showed no significant difference in the objective response rate (69.2% in the group without HAVS vs 60.6% in the group with HAVS, p = 0.492) or disease control rate (92.3% vs 87.9%, p = 0.685). The two groups showed comparable TTP (4.23 vs 2.33 months, p = 0.235) and OS (12.77 vs 12.97 months, p = 0.910). A drop in the AER of tumors of more than 20% on post-TACE CT independently predicted better OS. With regard to safety, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion:
For advanced HCC, combination therapy had equal efficacy and safety in patients with HAVS compared to those without HAVS, indicating that DEB-TACE is an optional and effective treatment in these patients.
Improved Survival for Patients With Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding While on Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Marmo Riccardo , Occhipinti Vincenzo , Zullo Angelo , Soncini Marco ,   on behalf of GISED—Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell’Emorragia Digestiva
Published: February 2022

Goals:
Aim of the study was to determine if patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) while on antithrombotic agents (ATs) are at higher risk for worse outcomes.

Background:
ATs are risk factors of AUGIB, but their impact on clinical outcomes is uncertain.

Study:
Patients with AUGIB (nonvariceal, NV-AUGIB or variceal, V-AUGIB) in 50 Italian hospitals were prospectively enrolled from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Clinical data, laboratory tests, comorbidities, prognostic scores, received therapies, and outcomes (death, rebleeding, surgery/radiology, transfusions, length of hospitalization) were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 3324 patients (2764 NV-AUGIB, 83.2% and 560 V-AUGIB, 16.8%) were enrolled, 1399 (42.1%) on ATs. Patients taking ATs were older (75.4 vs. 62.8 y, P<0.001), had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford scores (P<0.001). At multivariate analysis considering comorbidities, ATs use resulted an independent protective factor against death [odds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-0.87, P=0.006]. Rebleeding (5.5% vs. 5.8%, P=0.71) and need for salvage surgery/radiology (4.2% vs. 4.8%, P=0.41) were similar in the 2 groups. Considering specific ATs, low-dose aspirin was the most powerful factor lowering the death risk (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.81, P=0.004). While the generic use of AT therapy did not emerge as a statistically significant independent protective factor considering separately NV-AUGIB (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.56-1.13, P=0.21) and V-AUGIB (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.15-1.07, P=0.068), the protective effect of low-dose aspirin was confirmed for NV-AUGIB (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.94, P=0.025).

Conclusions:
ATs use is an independent protective factor against death in AUGIB. The protective effect is mainly derived from low-dose aspirin.
Human papillomavirus: optimizing opportunities for prevention
Authors: Browne Safa , Feemster Kristen A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and is a precursor to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Effective prevention is available through HPV vaccination and emerging evidence demonstrates the potential to significantly impact HPV-associated disease through reductions in the incidence of genital warts, precancerous cervical lesions, and cervical cancer. Indications have also recently expanded to include the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer, an outcome that has been increasing in incidence for men and women. Yet despite demonstrated effectiveness, the potential for broader impact and well-established routine recommendations for administration to adolescents, barriers to vaccine uptake persist. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on HPV prevention in the US, including trends in disease burden, HPV vaccine effectiveness, evolving vaccine recommendations and opportunities and barriers to their implementation.

Recent findings
Several studies have demonstrated that HPV vaccination has the potential to prevent most HPV-attributable cancers. Ongoing research addresses questions related to duration of protection, effectiveness in vulnerable populations, vaccine schedules and strategies to improve access and optimize uptake.

Summary
To ensure continued impact on the prevention of HPV-associated disease and subsequent cancer, it is crucial to address gaps in vaccine uptake. A strong recommendation for all persons for whom HPV vaccines are indicated, alongside initiatives to increase awareness of HPV vaccination and address specific concerns, can improve uptake among hesitant populations. Globally, efforts to bolster immunization programs are needed to broaden access to HPV vaccination.
Toward Zero Harm: Mackenzie Health’s Journey Toward Becoming a High Reliability Organization and Eliminating Avoidable Harm
Authors: Wilson Mary-Agnes , Sinno Maya , Hacker Teper Matthew , Courtney Karoline , Nuseir Deema , Schonewille Aidan , Rauchwerger David , Taher Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
In response to an organizational survey revealing low safety culture scores, we implemented a “zero harm” approach to eliminate preventable harm across a wide variety of clinical areas. We aimed to achieve this objective within 3 years.

Methods
We developed a 5-part strategy for cultural and process redesign that included (1) engaging leadership; (2) developing an organization-specific patient safety framework; (3) monitoring specific quality aims based on high-risk, high-volume, high-cost, and problem-prone areas; (4) standardizing a 3-part review process that includes a root cause analysis for moderate and critical patient safety incidents; and (5) communicating progress to staff in real time via unit-specific electronic dashboards.

Results
In less than 1 year, we increased patient safety incident reporting by 37% while simultaneously decreasing falls with injury by 39%, pressure injury rates by 37%, and central line–associated blood stream infections by 34%. We also improved medication reconciliation rate by 3.3% and decreased our irretrievable specimen rate to 0. Finally, we noted increased awareness around patient safety within clinical teams, with open discussions about patient safety becoming a routine part of patient care.

Conclusions
This study describes an initiative that sought to introduce system-wide changes to practice and patient safety culture in a rapid time frame. Results suggest that our 5-step approach to transformation may confer substantial gains in patient safety for peer institutions. Next steps include continuing to expand and monitor quality aims as we progress through our journey to eliminating preventable patient harm in our healthcare system.
Impact of Extended Duty Hours on Perceptions of Care and Objective Patient Outcomes
Authors: Salgado Sanjay M. , Katz Joel T. , Pelletier Stephen R. , Goodberlet Melanie , Kelly Julie , Duperreault Megan , Ali Nadaa B. , Shields Helen M. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
In 2017, interns were permitted to work continuously for up to 28 hours at a time, a reversal from the previously mandated 16-hour limit. Our objective was to evaluate perceptions of care and patient outcomes on an extended (28-hour) compared with a limited (16-hour) duty-hour system on identical interdisciplinary teams.

Methods
Sixty-two interns, 27 residents, 28 attendings, and 449 patients participated. Patients completed surveys assessing their satisfaction. Anonymous weekly surveys were obtained from interns, residents, and attendings evaluating perceptions of intern tiredness, overall satisfaction, and performance. Nursing surveys evaluated intern and medical team performance. Objective outcome measures, including intensive care unit transfers, length of stay, readmissions, mortality, and complications, were assessed through a retrospective, blinded chart review.

Results
Patients reported similar satisfaction in care. Extended duty-hour interns reported significantly decreased familiarity with their patients, decreased ability to conduct physical exams on new patients, increased tiredness, and decreased overall satisfaction. Residents overseeing extended-duty interns reported significantly decreased quality in intern presentations and overall quality of teaching, and increased perception of intern tiredness and increased incorrect orders. Attending physicians reported significantly improved quality of new patient presentations by extended duty-hour interns. No significant differences in patient objective outcome measures were noted.

Conclusions
Extended intern duty hours do not affect patient’s satisfaction with their care. Although interns in the extended duty-hour system reported significantly increased fatigue and decreased overall satisfaction and residents’ perceived increases in incorrect intern orders in the extended duty-hour system, there were no detrimental effects on patient safety.
Robust regulatory architecture of pan-neuronal gene expression
Authors: Leyva-Díaz Eduardo , Hobert Oliver 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPan-neuronally expressed genes, such as genes involved in the synaptic vesicle release cycle or in neuropeptide maturation, are critical for proper function of all neurons, but the transcriptional control mechanisms that direct such genes to all neurons of a nervous system remain poorly understood. We show here that six members of the CUT family of homeobox genes control pan-neuronal identity specification in C. elegans. Single CUT mutants show barely any effects on pan-neuronal gene expression or global nervous system function, but such effects become apparent and progressively worsen upon removal of additional CUT family members, indicating a critical role of gene dosage. Overexpression of each individual CUT gene rescued the phenotype of compound mutants, corroborating that gene dosage, rather than the activity of specific members of the gene family, is critical for CUT gene function. Genome-wide binding profiles as well as mutation of CUT binding sites by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering show that CUT genes directly control the expression of pan-neuronal features. Moreover, CUT genes act in conjunction with neuron-type specific transcription factors to control pan-neuronal gene expression. Our study, therefore, provides a previously missing key insight into how neuronal gene expression programs are specified and reveals a highly buffered and robust mechanism that controls the most critical functional features of all neuronal cell types.