bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among first and fifth-year medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah , Alshehri Badr , Alghadir Omar , Basamh Abdullah , Alzeer Meshari , Alshehri Mohammed , Nasr Sameh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among first-year and fifth-year medical students. Additionally, to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the problem.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the College of Medicine at King Saud University between September 2020 and January 2021. The target was medical students at first-year and fifth-year during the 2020-2021 academic year. Depressive symptoms were screened using 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) while anxiety symptoms were screened using 7-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) .
Results: A total 182 medical students were included. Depressive symptoms (52.9% versus 35.8%, p=0.020) and anxiety symptoms (35.6% versus 26.3%, p=0.176) were higher in the first-year compared with fifth-year students. The difference reached statistical significance only with depressive symptoms. Approximately 19.2% of the students were worried about acquiring COVID-19, 49.4% were worried about academic performance, and 30.8% were feeling sad, depressed or anxious during COVID-19 pandemic. Independent risk factors of depressive symptoms included having concomitant anxiety, being worried about acquiring COVID-19 infection, being worried about academic performance, and feeling sad, depressed or anxious. Independent risk factors of anxiety included having lower grade point average and having concomitant depressive symptoms. Academic year was not a significant predictor of depression or anxiety in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Medical students have an alarming high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, which was negatively impacted by COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for a special mental health program targeting new and current medical students
Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power
Authors: Coertjens Marcelo , Coertjens Patricia Chaves , Tartaruga Marcus Peikriszwili , Gorski Tatiane , Silva Adriano Eduardo Lima , Carminatti Lorival José , Beyer Paulo Otto , Almeida Ana Paula Viola , Geremia Jeam Marcel , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While an exercise recovery method may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance. A randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 male trained cyclists and triathletes. Participants were assigned randomly to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): outside water immersion (OWI), cold water immersion (CWI: 20ºC), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40ºC). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. Regardless the water immersion temperature, the water immersion increased τVo2 (+18%), asymptote (Vo2 +16%, Vo2 +13%, VE +17%, HR +16%) and AUC (Vo2 +27%, Vco2 +18%, VE +20%, HR +25%), while decreased τHR (-33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT test (2.2%), while the CWI decreased by 2.4% (P < 0.01). Independent of the water temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite being higher than in other studies, 20°C during CWI effectively triggered physiological and performance responses via an easier-to-administer temperature. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance. The action of immersion temperature on muscle neuromechanics and its repercussions on the force-velocity relationship seem to explain the changes of anaerobic mechanical power.
A rat model of tibia fracture and recovery after plate fixation
Authors: Fan Yingfang , Leape Charlotte P. , Hugard Shannon , McCanne Madeline , Thomson Andrew , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Michael Weaver J. , Collins Jamie E. , Randolph Mark , Oral Ebru 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative behavior and allodynia evaluation in rodents are commonly used to confirm preclinical disease models. In contrast, we are investigating pain and functional recovery after traumatic fracture and surgical repair. We created a tibial fracture in the rat and repaired the fracture internally with plating. We hypothesized that histological bone healing would be strongly correlated with functional recovery.
Methods
Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a metaphyseal transverse osteotomy of the proximal tibia. The defect was repaired by abutting the bone surfaces and fixing them in place using a 5-hole Y-plate with 4 screws. Fracture healing was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks using micro-CT imaging, X-ray, and histology. Functional recovery was assessed using video recording and analysis of gait, static weight bearing, hind paw reflex response, and toe spread.
Results
The micro-CT and histological results demonstrated complete fracture healing at 8 weeks. Specific gait analysis parameters: temporal symmetry, hindlimb duty factor imbalance, phase dispersion, and toe spread showed longitudinal changes commensurate with fracture healing.
Conclusions
We aim to use this model to evaluate the efficacy of locally administered non-opioid analgesics with long-term effects on healing and function. Our long-term goal is to assess the local efficacy of drug delivery devices in improving post-surgical pain and function. The correlation in this tibia fracture model between bone healing and functional outcomes suggests that post-operative recovery can be monitored, and treatments can be compared using these endpoint measurements.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune System In vitro Conditions
Authors: Erol Ayşe , Sel Figen Abatay , Süleymanoğlu Mediha , Demirayak Gökhan , Kuruca Dürdane Serap , Oğuz Fatma Savran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Determination of the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is necessary before clinical applications. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of MSCs on cytokines secreted by the immune system cells. Intracellular cytokine levels (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Interleukin-17 (IL-17)) detected by flow cytometry before and after co-culture between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MCSs. At the same time, supernatant cytokine levels were measured using the ELISA. In our study, MSCs were isolated from cord blood (CB) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), and their surface markers (CD44 (100%), CD73 (99.6%), CD90 (100%), CD105 ( 88%)) shown by flow cytometry method. Both CB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs were used in co-culture MSC/PBMC ratios of 1/5 and 1/10, incubation times of 24 hours and 72 hours. In the present study, when we compared co-cultures of CB-MSC or WJ-MSC with PBMCs, intracellular levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17 (pro-inflamatory) and IL-4 (anti-inflamatory) were increased and supernatant levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The level of TGF-β (anti-inflamatory) was significantly decreased for both CB-MSC and WJ-MSC in supernatant (p < 0.05). It was investigated the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of CB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs on PBMCs with the obtained results. According to the results, MSCs demonstrated different immunologic effects after the incubation time and ratios For further studies, it should be known between interaction of MSCs and immune system.
Assessment of patient satisfaction on pharmacy services at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Yehualaw Adane , Tafere Chernet , Demsie Desalegn Getnet , Feyisa Kebede , Bahiru Bereket , Kefale Belayneh , Berihun Malede , Yilma Zewdu , Bantie Abere Tilahun , Gezahagne Samuel , Anteneh Tigist , Asrat Etifwork 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:Patients have explicit desires for quality services when they visit health institutions. Patient satisfaction is a primary means of measuring the effectiveness of healthcare delivery. However, inadequate discovery of their needs may result in patient dissatisfaction. Patients who are satisfied with pharmaceutical care are likely to adherence, seeking for medical attentions and take medications properly. Providing better access to quality pharmacies is a way to improve patient satisfaction with healthcare services.
Study Objective:The study was aimed to assess patient satisfaction on pharmacy services at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital.
Methods:An institution-based cross sectional study design was conducted at FelegeHiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from May 1, 2021 to October 30, 2021. Data was collected by interview with structured questionnaires. Then data was coded, entered and then analyzed by SPSS version 23. The association between predictors and outcome was measured using bivariate logistic regression.
Result:In this study 384 study participants were included. Majority of the participants were males (55.37%, N=227). The over-all satisfaction score of participants of this study was65.37%. In our study clients showed greater satisfaction towards pharmacists’ commitment to correct myths (92%), pharmacists availability (88.78) and cleanliness (87.8%). Multivariate analysis indicted physical restriction[AOR=6:95%; CI95%(2.98, 25.9)] and rural residence[AOR=2.43;95%CI(1.71,9.6)] had significant association with pharmacy service dissatisfaction. Among the quality pharmacy service indicators, counseling on how medications work [AOR=9; 95%CI(1.48,8.85)], keeping to dosage regimen [AOR=7.3; 95CI% 5.49,11.06)], and advice on the current medical condition had greater odds of client dissatisfaction.
Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that patients’ satisfaction towards outpatient pharmacy services provided by FelegeHiwot comprehensive specialized hospital is very low as it is indicated in their perceptions towards revealed written information about medication use, medication availability, medication storage, and instruction about medication side effects.
A Novel Natural Scaffold Layer Improving Efficiency, Stability and Reproducibility of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: KUS MAHMUT , Yenel Esma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, our hypothesis was to demonstrate the usability of a natural clay structure as scaffold layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Sepiolite, which is a natural and environmentally friendly clay structure, has a very high active surface area and can easily be dispersed in solvents. In addition we predicted that crystallization could easily occur on their surfaces due to their surface chemistry. In the study, we firstly used a natural clay as scaffold layer in PSCs. It is observed that, efficiency, reproducibility and stability of PSCs have been significantly improved. Improvements in efficiency have been observed to be between 30–50% depending on the type of perovskite solvent used. In addition, the surface chemistry of the sepiolite resulted in better crystallization as well as stability. Due to its high-water adsorption capability, sepiolite makes the perovskite crystal more stable by trapping the residual water molecules as well as penetrated water molecules from environment. Consequently, we demonstrated that, a natural, low-cost and environmentally friendly clay may be an alternative material which may contribute to the commercialization of PSCs.
Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Reichman-Warmusz Edyta , Badziński Arkadiusz , Dudek Damian , Wojnicz Romuald 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background. As shown recently, macrophages have proved most suitable for the chronic stage of myocarditis (MCI).
The study aim. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the number of CD68(+) macrophages adhered to injured cardiac myocytes in biopsy of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and clinical suspicion of MCI.
Patients and Methods. The study group consisted of 181 patients with DCM (159M, 22F, mean duration of symptoms was 1.8 years) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (< 40%). Immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections was performed using a Leica Bond Max autostainer and murine monoclonal antihuman antibodies anti-CD68(+) macrophages (cloneEBM11) from DAKO, Denmark. The total number of CD68(+) macrophages and the number of CD68 macrophages attached to injured cardiomyocytes were counted in at least 10 high power fields under 400x magnification and converted into the number of cells/mm2.
Results. Two expression patterns of CD68(+) macrophages were observed: those localized freely in the interstitial space only, and cells attached to injured cardiomyocytes. The mean number of total CD68(+) macrophages and the number of those adhered to injured cardiomyocytes were 8.92 ± 4.29 and 0.89 ± 1.57, respectively. As far as CD68(+) macrophages adhered to injured cardiac myocytes are concerned, 72 out of 181 (39.8%) samples presented these cells. Importantly, in 7 positive cases for the presence of adhered macrophages, the average of total CD68(+) cells was < 14cells/mm2 (7 out of 81, 8.64%). Spearman’s rank coefficient showed a significant correlation between the count of the total number of CD68(+) macrophages and CD68(+) cells directly adhered to injured cardiac myocytes (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Both the total number of CD68(+) macrophages and the number of CD68(+) cells directly adhered correlated negatively with cTnT in the serum of DCM patients (Spearman’s rho, r = -0.45, P < 0.001 and r = - 0.31, P = 0.009, respectively).
Conclusion. The use of the count of CD68(+) macrophages by immunohistochemistry which are attached to injured cardiomyocytes may be useful for the diagnosis of chronic inflammation in endomyocardial biopsy in patients with DCM, especially in those who did not meet the criteria for MCI.
Changes in resource perception throughout the foraging visit contribute to task specialization in the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Moreno Emilia , Arenas Andrés 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Division of labor is central to the ecological success of social insects. Among foragers of the honeybee specialization for collecting nectar or pollen correlates with their sensitivity to sucrose. So far, differences in gustatory perception have been mostly studied in bees returning to the hive, but not during foraging. Here, we showed that the phase of the foraging visit (i.e. beginning or end) interacts with foraging specialization (i.e. predisposition to collect pollen or nectar) to modulate sucrose and pollen sensitivity in foragers. In concordance with previous studies, pollen foragers presented higher sucrose responsiveness than nectar foragers at the end of the foraging visit. On the contrary, pollen foragers were less responsive than nectar foragers at the beginning of the visit. Consistently, free-flying foragers accepted less concentrated sucrose solution during pollen gathering than immediately after entering the hive. Pollen perception also changes throughout foraging, as pollen foragers captured at the beginning of the visit learned and retained memories better when they were conditioned with pollen + sucrose as reward than when we used sucrose alone. Altogether, our results support the idea that changes in foragers' perception throughout the foraging visit contributes to task specialization.
Emergency department contribution to HIV and HCV control in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Buti Maria , Pinto Inês Vaz , Pereira Vítor Magno , Casado Marta , Llaneras Jordi , Barreira Ana , RN Catarina Esteves , Guimarães Mafalda , Gorgulho Ana , Mourão Tomás , Xavier Elisa , Jasmins Luís , Reis Ana Paula , Faria Nancy , Freitas Bruno , Andrade Graça , Camelo-Castillo Anny , Rodríguez-Maresca Manuel Ángel , Carrodeguas Alba , Medina Diogo , Esteban Rafael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Undiagnosed cases of transmissible blood-borne viruses (HCV and HIV) result in significant morbidity and mortality, further spread of epidemics, and increased public health costs. Testing in emergency departments (EDs) is an opportunity for expanding HIV and HCV screening. The goal of this project was to increase the proportion of eligible patients screened for HIV and HCV in urban areas.
Methods: An opportunistic automated screening program for HIV and HCV was implemented in the EDs of 4 public hospitals in Spain and Portugal at different periods between 2018 and 2022. HIV and HCV prevalence was prospectively evaluated. In case of anti-HCV or anti-HIV reactive test results, reflex testing was done for confirmation.
Results: More than 90% of the population eligible for testing were screened in the participating centers. We found a seroprevalence rate of 0.7% for HIV and seroprevalence rates ranging from 0.6% to 3.9% for hepatitis C. Between 19% and 53% of individuals who tested positive for HCV antibodies were viremic.
Conclusions: Opportunistic HIV and HCV screening in EDs is feasible, does not disrupt ED activities, is highly effective in increasing diagnosis, and contributes to WHO goals for the elimination of HIV and hepatitis C.
Sitagliptin via the activation of AMPK/eNOS signaling improves vascular endothelial function by suppressing Creb5/lncRNA ENSMUST00000213271 axis in obese mice
Authors: Zong Yi , Wang Xiaorui , Zhang Yi , Tan Na , Zhang Yan , Li Li , Liu Limei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved endothelial function by modulating lncRNAs in obese mice and clarify the underlying molecular mechanism.
Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet for four months to induce obesity and some obese mice were treated with sitagliptin for the last one month. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in plasma were detected by ELISA. LncRNA expression profile was analyzed via microarray. Aortic relaxations were examined by myograph. Protein expressions and phosphorylations were determined by Western blot. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR.
Results
Levels of TC and LDL were increased, concentrations of HDL and GLP-1 were decreased, and aortic endothelium-dependent relaxations were impaired in obese mice; sitagliptin reversed all above effects. Moreover, the altered expression profile of lncRNAs in the obese mouse aortae could be modulated by sitagliptin. qRT-PCR showed that lncRNA ENSMUST00000213271 was up-regulated in obese mouse aortae and endothelial cells but could be down-regulated by sitagliptin, which was consistent with microarray analysis. Importantly, we first revealed the regulatory effect of Creb5 on lncRNA ENSMUST00000213271. Furthermore, knockdown of either Creb5 or lncRNA ENSMUST00000213271 restored the activation of AMPK/eNOS in obese mouse aortic endothelial cells.
Conclusion:
Our results elucidate that sitagliptin ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by suppressing Creb5/lncRNA ENSMUST00000213271 and subsequently restoring AMPK/eNOS activation in obese mice. This study will provide the new evidence for the benefits of GLP-1 against vasculopathy in obesity.
Thioxanthone-containing blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter
Authors: Kanno Natsuko , Ren Yongxia , Kusakabe Yu , Suzuki Katsuaki , Shizu Katsuyuki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Wada Yoshimasa , Nakagawa Hiromichi , Geldsetzer Jan , Kaji Hironori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accelerating reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) without sacrificing fast radiative decay is effective in suppressing efficiency roll‐off (eRO) in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes. We here report a TADF emitter, CC‐TXO‐I, combining a bicarbazole donor (CC) and a sulfur‐containing acceptor (TXO). The CC is used to accelerate radiative decay via moderate donor‐acceptor torsion angle, and the TXO is expected to provide fast RISC by the heavy atom effect of sulfur. We successfully realized very large rate constants for RISC (kRISC) of ~107 s−1, and eROs were improved by increasing both kRISC and rate constants of radiative decays.
Evaluation of the flow information using WHVG-TE, in epilepsy
Authors: Isfahani Parastoo Poursaeid , Kharajinezhadian Farzam , Songhorzadeh Maryam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One way to better understand brain function and its disorders, such as epilepsy, is to analyze the effective brain connectivity networks. A criterion is needed to identify effective brain connectivity in order to be able to estimate any effective relationships between the brain areas using the recorded functional events of the brain such as the EEG signals. After identifying the effective brain connectivity using an appropriate solution, it is possible to determine the meaningful connectivity, form an effective brain connectivity network graph, and evaluate its parameters, which are based on the graph theory. This article introduces a new way to estimate the flow of information between brain channels. For this purpose, after preprocessing the brain signals, the transfer entropy is measured between the sequence of the weighted horizontal visibility graph (WHVG) generated by the main time series, by calculating the delay parameters and then the required substitutions using the nearest neighbor error. Moreover, this method provides more valuable information for entropy compared to the horizontal visibility graph, since weighing the horizontal visibility graph makes the sudden changes more valuable that usually occur in epileptic seizures. The initial length of the intended signals is 40 seconds and the evaluation of the results based on the entropy calculation is on the sliding windows with a length of 2, 5, and 10 seconds. The entropy values are calculated on the windows and then compared with normal brain signals to better understand the results. In this article, the weighted horizontal visibility graph is compared with the horizontal visibility graph and it is found that the weighted visibility graph showed the changes better than the horizontal graph and provides more valuable information to the entropy.