bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of artificial intelligence image recognition technology based on Faster-R CNN in automatic inspection of power transmission and transformation
Authors: Wu Jia , Li Jian , Ren Qi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to effectively improve the work efficiency and real-time performance of an automatic inspection of power transmission and transformation, this paper studies the automatic inspection method of power transmission and transformation based on artificial intelligence image recognition technology. First, we use cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to obtain image data for power transmission and transformation inspection. Second, through the artificial sample calibration and reconstruction technology, the power transmission, and transformation inspection sample database is constructed. Then, the model is trained using the Faster-R CNN algorithm based on regional relationship features. Finally, the model is further optimized through model release and evaluation to realize intelligent diagnosis in power transmission and transformation detection. This research raises the recognition accuracy of power transmission and transformation inspection, improves the intelligence and efficiency of inspection, and provides good technical support for the construction of intelligent operation inspection.
A monthly hydropower scheduling of cascaded reservoirs based on a three-triangle linear concaving method
Authors: Zheng Hao , Luo Xuhan , Wang Jinwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hydropower is one of the most critical renewable energy resources in reducing carbon emissions and alleviating global warming. The energy production efficiency can be improved with hydropower scheduling, which, however, is a challenging optimization problem mainly attributable to the nonlinear and nonconvex hydropower output function (HOF). This work applies a new method to linearly concave the nonlinear HOF without introducing any integer variables, ensuring a very fast solution to a long-term hydropower scheduling of cascaded reservoirs. The Lancang River, which involves four cascaded reservoirs, is studied with the model and method, which takes only 34 seconds to secure the optimum monthly hydropower scheduling over five years.
Large organic cations are beneficial for slowing tin-based perovskites crystallization rate and improving efficiency
Authors: Ji Long , Li Shibin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the past few years, the efficiency of perovskite cells has been improved rapidly, and the current efficiency can reach 25.8%. Since the lead in perovskite materials will pollute the environment, so people turn their attention to lead-free tin-based perovskites. Tin-based perovskites are becoming a research hotspot recently due to their nontoxic properties. However, due to the fast crystallization rate of tin-based perovskite, the improvement of the efficiency of tin-based perovskite cells is limited. In this work, by introducing ethylammonium iodine (EAI) into FA0.98SnI3 perovskite, it not only slowed down the crystallization rate of tin-based perovskite cells, but also improved the film morphology and slowed down the rate of Sn2+ oxidation, and finally achieved a solar cell conversion efficiency of 7.6%. This work provides a new strategy for the study of lead-free perovskites.
Physicochemical degradation of calcium magnesium phosphate (stanfieldite) based bone replacement materials and the effect on their cytocompatibility
Authors: Schaufler Christian , Schmitt Anna-Maria , Moseke Claus , Stahlhut Philipp , Geroneit Isabel , Brückner Manuel , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Vorndran Elke 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Regenerative bone implants should be completely replaced by new bone within a period of time corresponding to the growth rate of native bone. To meet this requirement, suitable biomaterials must be biodegradable and promote osteogenesis. The combination of slowly degrading but osteoconductive calcium phosphates (CPs) with rapidly degrading and mechanically more resilient magnesium phosphates represents a promising material class for this purpose. In order to create the best possible conditions for optimal implant integration, microporous calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) cements were processed using 3D powder printing. This technique enables the production of a defect-adapted implant with an optimal fit and a high degree of open porosity to promote bone ingrowth. Four different compositions of 3D printed CMP ceramics were investigated with regard to essential properties of bone implants, including chemical composition, porosity, microstructure, mechanical strength, and cytocompatibility. The ceramics consisted of farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and stanfieldite (Ca4Mg5(PO4)6), with either struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) or newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O) and brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) as additional phases. The CMP materials showed open porosities between 13 and 28% and compressive strengths between 11 and 17 MPa, which was significantly higher, as compared with clinically established CP. The cytocompatibility was evaluated with the human fetal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 and was proven to be equal or to even exceed that of tricalcium phosphate. Furthermore, a release of 4–8 mg magnesium and phosphate ions per mg scaffold material could be determined for CMPs over a period of 21 d. In the case of struvite containing CMPs the chemical dissolution of the cement matrix was combined with a physical degradation, which resulted in a mass loss of up to 3.1 wt%. In addition to its beneficial physical and biological properties, the proven continuous chemical degradation and bioactivity in the form of CP precipitation indicate an enhanced bone regeneration potential of CMPs.
Iron oxide nanoparticles served as the primary carrier to increase drug loading in macrophages
Authors: Zhao Kai , Ruan Li , Liu Xuexue , Wu Lin , Cao Jin , Shen Song 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The specific chemotaxis of macrophages to inflammatory site makes them good candidate for inflammation drug delivery. However, the loading capacity of free drug is low. The goal of the manuscript is to enhance the loading capacity by encapsulating drug onto iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and investigate the size effect on the cellular uptake. IONPs with different sizes (10 nm, 70 nm, and 200 nm) were synthesized. The loading capacities of model drug protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) on different sized IONPs were studied, showing similar loading capacity. However, the cellular internalization of PPIX loaded IONPs (Fe3O4-PPIX) was quite different. 70 nm IONPs indicated maximum uptake by the macrophages. The results also demonstrate that the IONPs could significantly improve the loading capacity when compared with free drug. All the three sized nanoparticles demonstrated minimal effects on cellular viability and would not induce the polarization of macrophages. This study not only provides an efficient method to increase the drug loading capacity in macrophages, but also indicates the optimal size of nanoparticles for cellular uptake.
Mobilization of subsurface carbon pools driven by permafrost thaw and reactivation of groundwater flow: a virtual experiment
Authors: Mohammed Aaron A , Guimond Julia A , Bense Victor F , Jamieson Rob C , McKenzie Jeffrey M , Kurylyk Barret L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Permafrost thaw leads to an increase in groundwater circulation and potential mobilization of organic carbon sequestered in deep Arctic sediments (e.g. 3–25 m below surface). Upon thaw, a portion of this carbon may be transported along new groundwater flow paths to surface waters or be microbially transformed or immobilized by in-situ biogeochemical reactions. The fate of thaw-mobilized carbon impacts surface water productivity and global climate. We developed a numerical model to investigate the effects of subsurface warming, permafrost thaw, and resultant increased groundwater flow on the mobilization and reactive transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Synthetic simulations demonstrate that mobilization and groundwater-borne DOC export are determined by subsurface thermo-chemical conditions that control the interplay of DOC production (organic matter degradation), mineralization, and sorption. Results suggest that peak carbon mobilization from these depths precedes complete permafrost loss, occurring within two centuries of thaw initiation with the development of supra-permafrost groundwater flow systems. Additionally, this study highlights the lack of field data needed to constrain these new models and apply them in real-word site-specific applications, specifically the amount and spatial variability of organic carbon in deep sediments and data to constrain DOC production rates for groundwater systems in degrading permafrost. Modeling results point to key biogeochemical parameters related to organic matter and carbon bioavailability to be measured in the field to bridge the gap between models and observations. This study provides a foundation for further developing a physics-based modeling framework to incorporate the influence of groundwater flow and permafrost thaw on permafrost DOC dynamics and export, which is imperative for advancing understanding and prediction of carbon release and terrestrial-aquatic carbon exchange in warming Artic landscapes in the coming decades.
Change in US state-level public opinion about climate change: 2008–2020
Authors: Marlon Jennifer R , Wang Xinran , Bergquist Parrish , Howe Peter D , Leiserowitz Anthony , Maibach Edward , Mildenberger Matto , Rosenthal Seth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Public attitudes toward climate change influence climate and energy policies and guide individual mitigation and adaptation behaviors. Over the last decade, as scientific certainty about the causes and impacts of, and solutions to the climate crisis has increased, cities, states, and regions in the United States have pursued diverse policy strategies. Yet, our understanding of how Americans’ climate views are changing remains largely limited to national trends. Here we use a large US survey dataset (

N
=
27
075

) to estimate dynamic, state-level changes in 16 climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy preferences over 13 years (2008–2020). We find increases in global warming issue importance and perceived harm in every state. Policy support, however, increased in more liberal states like California and New York, but remained stable elsewhere. Year-by-year estimates of state-level climate opinions can be used to support sub-national mitigation and adaptation efforts that depend on public support and engagement.
Nutrient capture and sustainable yield maximized by a gear modification in artisanal fishing traps
Authors: Galligan SJ Bryan P , McClanahan Timothy R , Humphries Austin T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coral reef artisanal fisheries are an important source of nutrition and economic wellbeing for coastal communities, but their management is subject to conflicts and tradeoffs between short-term food security benefits and long-term ecological function. One potential tradeoff is between nutrient capture and fish yields, where targeting small, nutrient-dense species may be more valuable for food security than maximizing fish yields, which is more closely aligned with supporting biodiversity and ecological function. We explored these potential tradeoffs by comparing two similar gears: traditional African basket traps and traps modified with an escape gap. Traps without escape gaps captured a higher frequency of fish with body sizes below their estimated lengths at maximum sustainable yield than gated traps. Estimates of nutrient yields for six micronutrients among the 208 captured species indicated high hump-shaped relationships for gated traps and low and linear positive relationships for traditional traps. Maximum nutrients in gated traps frequently corresponded to body sizes at maximum sustainable yield. Daily capture rates of nutrients were above daily needs more often in gated than traditional traps, but calcium values were low in both trap designs. Gated traps were more likely to capture species with unique and potentially important functional traits, including browsing herbivores, which could have negative effects on ecological functions and reef recovery. However, gated traps also catch fewer immature fish and fewer predators. Our results indicate that nutrient yields can be maximized while using a gear that captures larger and more sustainable body sizes in coral reef artisanal fisheries. Preferential targeting of nutrient-dense fishes is only one of many metrics for evaluating a nutrition-centered management strategy and may only be a management target in specific contexts.
New evidence for preservation of contemporary marine organic carbon by iron in Arctic shelf sediments
Authors: Faust Johan C , Ascough Philippa , Hilton Robert G , Stevenson Mark A , Hendry Katharine R , März Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The protection of organic carbon through association with iron minerals (FeR) is an important factor in its stabilisation, long-term storage, and burial efficiency in marine sediments. However, large uncertainties still exist concerning the sources, lability, age, and composition of the organic matter associated with FeR in natural sediments. Therefore, the timing and environmental setting of the carbon-iron bonding process remain elusive. Here we use radiocarbon (Δ14C) and stable isotopes (δ13C) of downcore bulk sedimentary organic matter, benthic foraminifera and the organic carbon fraction bound to FeR to interrogate the source and age of the organic carbon pool associated with FeR in Arctic marine sediments. In the Barents Sea, we find that the organic carbon associated with FeR is younger overall than the bulk organic matter and is probably marine derived. The comparison to other investigations of OC-FeR origins reveals that in large parts of Arctic shelf regions FeR associated organic carbon is radiocarbon enriched and has a higher δ13Corg value compared to the bulk sediment, irrespective of sediment depth/age. Our findings suggest a rapid and preferential binding of fresh and marine organic matter with FeR. Hence, labile organic matter prone to decomposition is protected and stabilised, underlining the potential of the organic carbon–iron association as an efficient carbon burial mechanism.
An evidence and gap map of the environmental Kuznets curve and the forest transition hypothesis for estimating forest area development
Authors: Tandetzki Julia , Schier Franziska , Köthke Margret , Weimar Holger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding forest area development as a function of socio-economic dynamics is of crucial importance for halting deforestation and shaping future options for action. Here, multivariable statistical models can be promising facilitators of knowledge generation. With the aim of enabling the further development of statistical analysis, this study describes the state of research for two prominent concepts used to analyze forest development in terms of socio-economic development: The forest transition hypothesis (FTH) and the environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation (EKCd). In order to learn from the wide variety of studies that differ in their model specification, region, variable selection, and statistical methods used, this study presents a systematic overview of the existing literature. This study is designed as an evidence and gap map (EGM)—a method of systematic literature research according to the RepOrting standards for systematic evidence synthesis process. A search for relevant literature was carried out in two data repositories. A thorough screening of the literature results yielded 46 articles with a total of 141 different model studies for evaluation. Our results reveal that (a) the evidence base for the EKCd is more comprehensive than for FTH, (b) the majority of eligible studies focus on the analysis of data from developing countries, and (b) a statistical analysis of the EKCd and FTH concepts does not provide a unified picture, but rather a variety of interpretations and specifications. Based on the results of this EGM, we can conclude that further investigations in the form of additional clustering and a deeper analysis of the different approaches used to interpret the two concepts is needed. Future studies should extend the study design by determining the relevant variables for future forest agenda setting and the policies that could be effective in halting deforestation by targeting certain baseline variables.
Geometric phase of quantum wave function and singularities of Bohm dynamics in a one-dimensional system
Authors: Morandi O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The interpretation of the quantum mechanics proposed by de Broglie and Bohm postulates that the time evolution of the position and the momentum of a quantum particle can be described by a trajectory in the phase-space. The evolution equation coincides with the classical one except for the presence of a nonlinear correction to the total energy of the particle denoted by Bohm potential. The particle momentum is associated to the derivative of the phase of the quantum wave function. The phase of a quantum wave function ceases to be globally well defined in the presence of zeros (nodes) and the Bohm potential becomes singular. We develop a geometrical interpretation of the Bohm dynamics based on the Ehresmann theory of the fiber bundles and we express the number of total rotations of the quantum phase around a node in terms of holonomy maps.
Quantum discord and entropic measures of two relativistic fermions
Authors: Kurashvili Podist , Chotorlishvili Levan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present work, we study the interplay between relativistic effects and quantumness in the system of two relativistic fermions. In particular, we explore entropic measures of quantum correlations and quantum discord before and after application of a boost and subsequent Wigner rotation. We also study the positive operator-valued measurements (POVMs) invasiveness before and after the boosts. While the relativistic principle is universal and requires Lorentz invariance of quantum correlations in the entire system, we have found specific partitions where quantum correlations stored in particular subsystems are not invariant. We calculate quantum discords corresponding of the states before and after applying a boost, and observe that the state gains extra discord after the boost. When analyzing the invasiveness of the POVMs, we have found that the POVM applied to the initial entangled state reduces the discord to zero. However, discord of the boosted state survives after the same POVM. Thus we conclude that the quantum discord generated by Lorentz boost is robust concerning the protective POVM, while the measurement exerts an invasive effect on the discord of the initial state. Finally, we discuss potential implementation of the ideas of this work using top quarks as a benchmark scenario.
Analysing strength, hardness and grain-structure of 0.2%-C steel specimens processed through an identical heating period with different continuous transformation rates
Authors: Dewangan Saurabh , Singhal Prakrit , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Dev S Jithin , Swathish R Srii , Cheepu Muralimohan , Legutko Stanislaw , Adefris Addisalem , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Chadha Utkarsh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work deals with improvement of mechanical properties and refining the microstructure of low carbon steel (0.2%-C) after applying heat treatment techniques. For the purpose, five different samples were taken under study. First sample was kept in ‘as received’ condition and other four samples were undergone into heating process in an Induction furnace. The holding temperature of all the four samples were kept common i.e., 850 °C for a fixed period of 2.5 h. Then, these four samples were cooled into four different cooling media i.e., Air, Water, Oil, and Furnace. All the samples were in the form of rods with 195 mm length and 32 mm diameter. The universal testing machine was used to determine the tensile strength of all the samples. Rockwell hardness tester was used to find the hardness of samples. The microstructural variation was analysed through an optical microscope. All the results were analysed and compared with ‘as received’ sample. The Oil cooled sample showed the highest tensile strength of 585 MPa. The microstructural orientation of oil cooled sample i.e., bainite + fine lamella of ferrite and cementite, provides a good hardness, strength, and toughness to the steel. In addition, XRD and fractography analysis of the samples were also carried out.
Controllable synthesis and optoelectronic applications of wafer-scale MoS2 films
Authors: Kim Youngchan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is widely used for synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) because of the process’ simplicity, relatively low cost, compatibility with other process, and tendency to result in high-quality crystalline materials. However, the growth of films with a uniform large area of several square centimeters with control of the number of layers remains challenging. Here, a MoS2 synthesis technique that enables thickness and size control of wafer-scale films with high uniformity and continuity is proposed. This CVD technique is a powerful and simple method to control the layer number and size of MoS2 films without using additive chemicals or a complex process. The thickness of the MoS2 films can be controlled from one to four layers by adjusting the concentration of MoO3. MoS2 films with dimensions greater than 10 cm can be grown by manipulating the Ar/H2S ratio. In addition, a photodetector based on CVD-grown MoS2 is shown to exhibit a high current on–off ratio of 105 and gate-tunability. It also shows a high responsibility of 1.2 A W−1, external quantum efficiency of 345%, and a specific detectivity of 1.2 × 1011 Jones. The proposed CVD technique can provide a facile direction for the controllable synthesis of wafer-scale MoS2 films with diverse applications in future optoelectronic devices.
Blob properties in I-mode and ELM-free H-mode compared to L-mode on EAST
Authors: WANG Ping , HU Guanghai , WANG Liang , YAN Ning , ZHONG Xiaoming , XU Guosheng , FENG Xi , YE Yang , DING Genfan , YU Lin , LIU Adi , DUAN Yanmin , LI Erzhong , XU Liqing , LIU Haiqing , DING Rui , ZHANG Bin , LI Miaohui , DING Bojiang , QIN Chengming , ZHANG Xinjun , WANG Xiaojie , LYU Bo , ZHANG Ling , WU Mingfu , ZANG Qing , LIN Xin , ZOU Xiaolan , SONG Yuntao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The blob properties in I-mode and ELM-free H-mode plasmas compared to L-mode have been investigated on the EAST tokamak, including the blob detection rate

N

b

,

size

δ

b

,

lifetime

τ

b

and radial velocity

v

r
,
b

.

The blob properties in L-mode and I-mode are similar, and those in ELM-free H-mode are different to them. The blob

N

b

is smaller while

τ

b

is larger in H-mode. The experimental blob size

δ

b

and velocity scalings

v

r
,
b

−

δ

b

show a good agreement with the theoretical models. The variation in blob properties during the L-I and H-L transitions, and their relations to the scrape-off layer (SOL) density, edge and SOL turbulence, and SOL collisionality are discussed. The suppression of the edge (inside the last closed flux surface) turbulence is not reflected in the blob behavior, while the blob detection rate shows a correlation with the SOL density and its low-frequency (3–50 kHz) fluctuations. In addition, the blob detection rate is found to increase with the divertor collisionality

Λ

div

,

indicating a dependence of blob behavior on

Λ

div

.

The differences in blob detection rates among the three operating regimes might be due to their different SOL densities and collisionalities. The investigation contributes to understanding the influences of edge and SOL plasma parameters on the blob behavior.