bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory roles of ACSL5 in anti-tumor function of Palmitic acid (C16:0) via ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Jiapei , Wang Yanting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 85% of all types of lung cancer cases, is a malignant disease with high incidence worldwide. Meanwhile, mounting evidence indicates this lesion is easily susceptible to the perturbation of lipids metabolism. Our team identified palmic acid (C16:0) as a novel treatment to interact with NSCLC for the first time and the expression patterns of ACSL5 stimulated by C16:0, however, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood in NSCLC.
Methods
A549 cells were treated with a different dose of palmitic acid. Then, CCK-8 assay, annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the effects of PA on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of A549 cells. Further, the expression levels of ACSL5 and the related proteins were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Tumor volume assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to detect tumor growth in vivo.
Results
The trend toward proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion can be substantially flattened by PA in A549 cells. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, a significant increase in expression levels of ACSL5 and related proteins has been observed in PA-treated A549 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of ACSL5 reversed the anti-tumor effect, resulting in an increase in the rate of above malignant phenotype in tumor. In addition, the expression of ERK phosphorylated protein was inhibited dramatically with the increased concentration of C16:0 in A549 cells.
Conclusion
C16:0 decreases the rate of proliferation and apoptosis, inhibits cell migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, and its mechanism may be related to the targeted regulation of ACSL5 and activation of the ERK pathway.
Promoting azo dye decomposition in natural molybdenite activated peroxymonosulfate process by low concentration of ferrous ions
Authors: Qin Yingzhi , Zhang Xin , Yuan Guang-En 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, low concentration of ferrous ions (Fe2+) was added into natural molybdenite (MDN) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process to degrade a typical azo dye, orange G (OG). It was found that the addition of Fe2+ promoted OG degradation and simultaneously reduced the leaching of toxic Mo ions significantly. Further, the utilization efficiency of MDN was improved immensely, which was estimated from reuse experiment. MDN mainly acted as the reductant to promote cycling of Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple through reducible sulfur and Mo(IV) on its surface. Sulfate radicals (SO4•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were verified as the main reactive oxygen species responsible for OG degradation by scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance. Some experiment parameters, such as MDN dosage, Fe2+ concentration, PMS concentration, initial solution pH and coexisting anion, all affected OG degradation efficiency. In a word, this work provides a new method of enhancing PMS activation by MDN using low concentration of Fe2+ for degradation of organic pollutants in water.
Insights into activated sludge/Chlorella consortia under dark condition compared with light condition
Authors: Fan Jie , Zhang Xujie , Du Xingyu , Cai Zhenlei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bacteria–algae consortia in the light bring the benefit of O2 production and CO2 reduction for wastewater treatment, while the bottleneck for application is how it behaves in the dark. In this study, inoculum ratio and sludge retention time (SRT) affected nutrient removal rather than chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Dark conditions (with a sludge/Chlorella inoculum ratio of 1:2 at a SRT of 15 d) achieved comparable performance to those of light conditions, due to bacteria contribution and mechanical aeration. Compared with light conditions, the ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased and Caro/(Chla + Chlb) increased to response oxidative stress. In the dark, algae were associated with Nitrosomonas and Dechloromonas. Flavobacterium disassociated with Chlorella in the dark but associated with Chlorella in the light. Moreover, nitritation genes (amo and Hao) and denitrifying gene (narH) were up-regulated, while P metabolism genes (PPX and PPK) were down-regulated. It is proposed to enrich Nitrosomonas in the night and denitrify polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAO) in the daytime to establish short-cut nitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal in practical applications.
Surfactant modified waste ash for the removal of chloro and nitro group substituted benzene from wastewater
Authors: Mushtaq Sadiya , Aslam Zaheer , Ali Rizwan , Aslam Umair , Naseem Sana , Ashraf Muhammad , Bello Mustapha Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A surfactant-modified coal fly ash was developed as a multifunctional adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used to modify the surface of coal fly ash (CFA). The modified CFA was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface porosity analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that loading CFA with SDS not only improved the functionality and surface morphology of the raw ash for the adsorption of organic pollutants, but also enhanced its thermal stability. The efficiency of the modified fly ash was tested in terms of removal of two non-polar organic pollutants namely chlorobenzene (CB) and nitrobenzene (NB) from aqueous phase. The maximum uptake capacity of chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene with SDS-modified coal fly ash (SCFA) was 225 mg/g and 90 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic analysis was done by controlled kinetic models, i.e., pseudo first and second order kinetic models. The results showed that adsorption of CB and NB onto SCFA followed a pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption of chlorobenzene was exothermic over the modified adsorbent while nitrobenzene showed an endothermic behavior. The isotherm analysis depicted the multilayer adsorption of both pollutants onto the surface of the surfactant modified adsorbent. This work has shown that surface modification using surfactants can be a viable option to enhance the adsorption capacity of fly ash for pollutants removal.
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase: A Viable Target for the Treatment of
NIDDM?
Authors: Anderson Robert C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is well recognized as a potentially effective mechanism for controlling glycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, a direct targeting of inhibition cif the intramitochondrial -oxidation pathway or an indirect modulation of fatty acid oxidation by inhibition of substrate release from adipose stores has been fraught with lack of efficacy, unacceptable side­ effects or both. Focus has therefore recently been directed towards the carnitinc
palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system, a three-component system necessary for the transfer
of long-chain fatty acids into the intramitochondrial matrix. This article will briefly review the background for fatty acid oxidation inhibition in NIDDM and then focus on the progress in the biological understanding and drug discovery targeting of the CPT system for the treatment of NIDDM. Based upon the review, it is concluded that mechanism-based hepatic and myocardial toxicities in normal animals and a potential for a lack of human efficacy may pose insurmountable hurdles for the development of CPT inhibitors for the treatment of NIDDM.
The Fluorinated Quinolones
Authors: Kidwai M. , Misra P. , Kumar R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Following the discovery of nalidixic acid in 1962, numerous structural modifications have been made to the quinolone nucleus to increase antimicrobial activit> and improve pharmacokinetic performance. A major advance occured during the 1980\ with the discovery that a fluorine at position-6 conferred broad and potent antimicrobial activity, (e.g. norfloxacin) but still with relatively less activity for Gram-positive and antiaerobic organisms than Gram-negative bacteria. Subsequent developments produced quinolones with further improvements, predominantly in either solubility (e.g. ofloxacin), antimicrobial activity (e.g. ciprotloxacin) or prolonged serum half-life (e.g.
pefloxacin). Recent modifications have attempted to achieve an optimal blend of favourable prupcn1c, together with minimal potential for undesirable side-effects. The mode of action of quinolones is by blocking of the bacterial enzyme gyrase. This enzyme is responsible for the coiling and supercoiling of the DNA within the cell. When this enzyme is inhibited, DNA transcription, which results in protein synthesis, and DNA replication, which results in cell division, are inhibited.
Improvements in antimicrobial activity combined with adequate blood and tissue concentrations do offer expectancy of enhanced therapeutic efficacy for new derivatives in those infections by organisms which are 'marginally' sensitive to currently used quinolones. The possibility of resistance emerging in these organisms during treatment should also be reduced.
Cytotoxics Derived from Distamycin A and Congeners
Authors: Cozzi P. , Mongelli N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Distamycin A is an antibiotic, characterised by an oligopeptidic pyrrolocarbamoyl frame ending with an amidino moiety, which binds reversibly to DNA minor groove with high selectivity for TA-rich sequences and shows antiviral and antiprotozoal activity. Distamycin was used as DNA sequence selective vector of alkylating functions, leading to a substantial increase of cytotoxicity in comparison to that, very weak, of distamycin itself. The benzoyl nitrogen mustard derivative of desformyldistamycin, tallimustine, was selected as a candidate antineoplastic drug in view
of its strong activity against a series of experimental tumors. Tallimustine, like distamycin, shows DNA selective binding to TA-rich sequences but its cytotoxicity is not associated with DNA strand breaks and interstrand crosslinking, at variance with classical phenyl nitrogen mustards. Tallimustine represents an important model for the design of new minor groove alkylating agents derived from distamycin and analogues, including the so-called lexitropsins, sequence-reading oligopeptides in which one or more N-methyl-pyrrole units of distamycin are replaced by imidazole or other rings. The structural features of the alkylating moieties and binding frames, the antitumor activities and the mechanism of action of most representative cytotoxics derived from distamycin and congeners are discussed. Some of these, recently reported, show an activity profile apparently superior to tallimustine. Finally, a concise survey of representative hybrid compounds in which known non-alkylating cytotoxic agents or their active moieties have been tethered to distamycin and congeners is presented and briefly discussed. These compounds witness the attention paid to this approach on the basis of the interest for the DNA binding features of distamycin A.
The Protein Kinase ABC's of Signal Transduction as Targets for Drug Development
Authors: Glazer Robert I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Signal transduction plays a key regulatory role in the growth and metastatic potential of tumor cells. These signaling pathways form an interconnecting grid that serves to regulate the homeostatic, survival and invasive functions of the cell. Among the key regulatory molecules in these pathways are the serine/threonine-protein kinases A, B and C, also known respectively as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), Akt (PKB) and protein kinase C (PKC). These protein kinases modulate pathways associated with tumor proliferation, cell survival and multidrug resistance, and at a molecule level
are likely to serve as effective targets for drug design. The unique structural features of each protein kinase have been deduced from their crystallographic structures and form unique opportunities for structure-based drug design. In addition, these. protein kinases are potentially important targets for antisense oligonucleotide therapy, and therefore may provide a means of selectively inhibiting tumor proliferation and inducing apoptosis with minimal nonspecific cytotoxicity.
New Approaches to Rapid Onset Antidepressants
Authors: Briner Karin , Dodel Richard C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The challenges for the design of new antidepressant drugs are threefold: rapid onset of antidepressant response, broader efficacy, and fewer adverse effects. While progress has been made to reduce side-effects, the currently available drugs show no convincing evidence for a shorter delay of onset nor for improved efficacy. This review summarizes some of the hypotheses that try to explain the delayed onset and that are currently used for antidepressant drug design. These approaches include combinations of SSRI activity with either NA reuptake inhibition or 5-HT1 A-, 5-HT2-, or a.2-adrenergic receptor specificity, as well as targeting interactions with specific receptor subtypes (5-HT1A, 5-HTJA/5-HT2, 5-HTJB/D, a.2/5-HT2, D2/D3). Structure activity relationship studies to obtain molecular entities with the desired pharmacological profile are discussed. Many structural modifications have exploited successfully the acquired knowledge on structural features that are necessary for monoamine reuptake inhibition as well as for affinities at various receptors. Most of the current drug design efforts are focused on these approaches, which are based on the monoamine theory of depression; however, novel biological concepts of depression involving other receptor systems or intracellular targets are briefly mentioned. Although their impact on the onset of antidepressant response is only a matter of speculation at this moment, they may lead to the identification of targets for truly novel antidepressants.
The Inhibitory Glycine Receptor: Prospects for a Therapeutic Orphan?
Authors: Breitinger H.-G. , Becker C.-M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The inhibitory glycine receptor is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. It mediates inhibitory synaptic transmission in mammalian spinal cord and brainstem. Structure and function of the receptor, as well as its chromosomal localization and genetic structure, have •been extensively studied. While hereditary and acquired receptor dysfunctions can be identified, selective and specific modulation of receptor function is still lacking. The preponderance of current literature regarding the inhibitory glycine receptor raises the prospect that adequate methods for the treatment of glycine receptor-mediated disorders might be developed.
Inhibitors of Tryptase for the Treatment of Mast Cell-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Rice Kenneth D. , Tanaka Richard D. , Katzt Bradley A. , Numeroftt Robert P. , Moore William R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Human tryptase is a structurally unique and mast cell specific trypsin-like serine protease. Recent biological and immunological investigations have implicated tryptase as a mediator in the pathology of numerous allergic and inflammatory conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and most notably asthma. A growing body of data further implicates tryptase in certain gastrointestinal, dermatological, and cardiovascular disorders as well. The recent availability of potent, and selective tryptase inhibitors, though, has facilitated the validation of this protease as an important therapeutic target as well.
Herein, we describe the design and potency of four classes of selective tryptase inhibitors, of which the first
three types are synthetic and the fourth is natural in origin: 1) peptidic inhibitors (e.g., APC-366), 2) dibasic inhibitors (i.e., pentamidine-like), 3) Zn2+-mediated inhibitors (i.e., BABIM-like), and 4) heparin antagonists
(e.g., lactoferrin). These inhibitors have been tested in the airways and skin of allergic sheep. Aerosol administration of tryptase inhibitors from each structural class 30 minutes before, and 4 hours and 24 hours after allergen challenge, abolishes late phase bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in a dose­ dependent manner. Moreover, intradermal injection of APC-366 blocks the cutaneous response to antigen. These studies provide the essential proof-of-concept for the further pursuit of tryptase inhibitors for the treatment of asthma, and perhaps other allergic diseases. Results from clinical studies with the first generation tryptase inhibitor APC-366, currently in phase II trials for the treatment of asthma, provide additional support for a pathological role for tryptase in this disease.
Notable advances in the area of tryptase inhibitor design at Axys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. include a novel, zinc­ mediated, serine protease inhibitor technology (described herein), and the discovery of a unique class of extremely potent and selective dibasic tryptase inhibitors. Independently, an X-ray crystal structure of active tryptase tetramer complexed with 4-amidinophenyl pyruvic acid has been reported. It is anticipated that these discoveries will further accelerate the design of structurally novel tryptase inhibitors as well as the development of new drugs for the treatment of mast cell tryptase-mediated disorders.
Cell Adhesion Molecule CD99 in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Feng , Liu Guodong , Zhang Hailing , Wang Xiaoyan , Wu Zhi , Xu Qinggang , Wu Yan , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:The CD99 antigen is a transmembrane protein expressed in a broad variety of tissues, particularly in hematopoietic cells, thymus, endothelial cells, etc. It participates in several crucial biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, differentiation, and inflammation. CD99 has shown oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in different types of cancer. Therefore, it has been used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several types of cancer. Moreover, it has also been reported to be involved in several critical immune processes, such as T cell activation and differentiation, dendritic cell differentiation, and so on. Hence, CD99 may have potential values in cancer immunotherapy. Anti-CD99 antibodies have shown therapeutic effects on certain types of cancer, especially on Ewing sarcoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review summarizes the recent progress of CD99 in cancer research and targeting therapies, especially in cancer immunotherapy, which may help researchers understand the crucial roles of CD99 in cancer development and design new therapeutic strategies.
Case Report: A Novel Mutation Leading to 11-β Hydroxylase Deficiency in
a Female Patient
Authors: Ozbas Burak , Demir Mikail , Dursun Huseyin , Sahin Izem , Hacioglu Aysa , Karaca Zuleyha , Dundar Munis , Unluhizarci Kursad 
Published: October 2022

Background:
11β hydroxylase deficiency (11βOHD) ranks as the second most common
enzyme deficiency that causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Depending on the severity of the enzyme
deficiency, it can lead to cortisol deficiency, androgen excess and hypertension due to increased
mineralocorticoid precursor levels. Many different types of mutations in the CYP11B1 gene located on
chromosome 8q24.3 have been shown to cause 11βOHD. Here, we report a novel missense mutation
that leads to 11βOHD in a female patient.

Case Presentation:
A 35-year-old female patient was admitted to the Endocrinology Department with
a complaint of abdominal pain. The patient had a history of genital reconstruction surgery twice in
childhood. On physical examination, an abdominal mass was detected. Laboratory examination of the
patient revealed low levels of cortisol, potassium and high levels of ACTH, 11-deoxycortisol and
androstenedione, suggesting 11βOHD. Genotyping showed a novel homozygous missense mutation
(c.1385T>C L462P variant) detected on the 8th chromosome where the CYP11B1 gene is located.
Glucocorticoid therapy was commenced for the patient whose diagnosis of 11βOHD was confirmed by
both hormonal and genetic tests. A mass originating from the left adrenal gland with the largest diameter
of 7 cm was compatible with myelolipoma.

Conclusion:
In this case report, we aimed to contribute to the literature by reporting a new missense
mutation in the CYP11B1 gene, leading to classic type 11βOHD that has not been described before.
Antimicrobial agent containing absorbable gelatin sponge to prevent dry socket: A systematic review
Authors: Sadeghi Shalaleh Hosseini , Sharifi Simin , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Shahi Shahriar , Ghoreishizadeh Arezou , Negahdari Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The use of absorbable gelatin sponges (AGSs) as a hemostatic surgical material resulted in a reduction of dry sockets occurrence. The systemic use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents can also reduce the infection of extracted teeth, and therefore, it may show pain-relieving effects on the dry socket as well.

Objective:
Given the high prevalence of dry sockets in the extracted teeth, the main objective of this review was a brief overview of AGSs, including antimicrobial agents to prevent dry sockets.

Methods:
The electronic search of the literature was done on the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with the MESH keywords of Antimicrobials, Gelatin sponge, Gelfoam, Dry socket, Antibiotics, Alveolar osteitis. Only papers published in English were investigated. No limitations were put on the publication date.

Results:
Of the 279 electronic papers, 79 articles were found relevant to the study. All abstracts were reviewed, and only desired articles were selected. The final electronic and manual search led to 15 articles for use in this study. Among these studies, 5 studies were related to AGSs, including antimicrobial agents to prevent dry sockets.

Conclusion:
The reviewed literature showed that the systemic/topical use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents can reduce infection and, therefore, may show pain-relieving effects on the dry socket. Besides, antimicrobial-loaded AGSs can be helpful in curing or preventing dry sockets. There were a limited number of clinical trials that used antimicrobial loaded AGSs for dry socket. More clinical studies are needed, especially in subgroups of patients with a high risk of infectious conditions, to validate the effectiveness of antimicrobial-loaded AGSs for dry socket.