bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Cervical Spine Surgery: Arthroplasty versus Fusion
Authors: Jangholi Ehsan , Hamidi Saeed , Fahimi Neda , Fahimi Mohammad Ali , Farshad Ali , Nazari Foroushani Farshid , Najibpour Reza , Yavari Hassan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is an effective treatment for disc herniations; but some studies demonstrated that in the untreated levels adjacent to a fusion, increased motion might lead to an increased risk of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). On the other hand, methods of cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA) have improved. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the rate of ASD in patients who underwent ACDF or CDA cervical spine surgery.
Methods and Materials: This prospective study was performed on 84 patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single-level disc herniation referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran from June 2011 to December 2012. All subjects were randomly allocated to Group A or Group B to undergo ACDF or CDA, respectively. The validated Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire was used to assess the cervical neck pain.
Results: The mean of age in Group A was 51.7 Â± 9.1 years and in Group B was 49.3 Â±9.2. The differences in cervical radiculopathy in the two groups were not statistically significant. The difference in mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score in the two groups at each assessment time was statistically significant. Mean NDI score before the surgery was 46.9 Â± 6.1 in group A, and 41.3 Â±4.7 in group B. The mean NDI score improved significantly in group B. Twenty-seven of the patients in Group A experienced ASD at 12 months compared to one patient (2.3%) in Group B (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, CDA leads to reduced VAS and NDI score compared to ACDF. Also increased ASD in ACDF was demonstrated when compared with CDA after 1-year follow-up.
Remanufacturing and Evaluation of Al Zahrawiâ€™s Surgical instruments, Al Mokhdea as Scalpel Handle
Authors: Ahmadi Seyedeh Aida , Zargaran Arman , Mehdizadeh Alireza , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad 
Published: January 2022

Background: Current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. Albucasis, the Muslim Spanish physician in 10 century AD was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. He introduced a type of surgical knife named Mokhdea in his treaties, Al Tasreef that had mobile lancet.
Material and Method: In this paper, we represent this historical instrument according to Albucasis points of view. Also, this knife was reproduced and finally a modified version of it was suggested for current using according to ancient knowledge.
Results: Albucasis presented a retractable surgical knife with figure in the 30th volume of his book, Al Tasreef.Â According to his description, this instrument was made including blade, clamp and handle. Also, a standardized new scale up surgical knife was suggested. This instrument includes a blade united with a lever that moves throughout a rail in the handle.
Conclusion: The idea of making retractable surgical knife dates back to about 1000 years ago; presented by Muslim physician, Albucasis. Also, new presented surgical knife is better compared with current knives because of its comfortable using, safety and scale up.
Exercise and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Asadi Noughabi Ahmad Ali , Farokhnezhad Afshar Pouya , Marandi Simin 
Published: January 2022

Background: Guidelines recommend that exercise training can beconsidered for medically stable outpatients with heart failure; thus, this study sought to determine the effect of exercise on quality of life in patients with heart failure.
Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 160 patients were included and divided into 2 groups (n=80). Intervention group performed the exercise (poly striding), 30 minutes three times a week, for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the exercises have not been followed for six months; SF36 Questionnaire was filled to assess the quality of life for the individuals in both groups in three steps: before the intervention, and 3 and 6 months after. After completion of questionnaires, quality of life was compared between the two groups and all the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 61.65Â±17.5 and 64.116Â±17.4 years, respectively. Control group had significant decrease in quality of life at different stages of the study. Quality of life was significantly better in the intervention group comparing to the control group three months after the intervention despite the lack of significant difference before the intervention and after 6 months.
Conclusion: Results showed a positive effect of exercise on quality of life in patients but the failures and lack of continuity did not improve the overall quality of life of patients as compared with their condition before the exercise. Overall, regular exercise is recommended for these patients.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Zizyphus vulgaris on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Liver Damage in Rats as Animal Models
Authors: Ebrahimi Sedigheh , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Emami Yasaman , Riazifar Safura 
Published: January 2022

Background: Finding protective agents with fewer adverse effects against toxin-induced liver injuries, as a key detoxifier and excreter organ, have always been a concern for researchers. Carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage has been introduced as an experimental model of liver damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Zizyphus vulgaris (ZV) against hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in laboratory rats.
Methods: Fifty healthy male Wistar rats (200Â±20 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) as following for a 45days study: Base, which received 1 cc/Kg olive oil intraperitoneally (IP) twice a week and 0.5cc distilled water orally; Control, which received 0.5 cc/kg olive oil+0.5 cc/Kg CCl4 IP+0.5cc distilled water orally; experimental groups, which received 0.5 cc/kg olive oil+0.5 cc/Kg CCl4 IP+0.5cc distilled water plus ZV extract in dosages of 200 mg/Kg (group E200),400 mg/Kg (group E400) and 600 mg/Kg (group E600)Â PO. Levels of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline-phosphatase (Alk-P), Albumin, total-protein, and bilirubin were measured as well as pathological assessment of the liver samples for scoring of portal inflammation and hepatocellular necrosis.
Result: Results of this study revealed that although there was a significant decrease in liver enzymes of the ZV treated groups (P<0.05) there were insignificant differences in protein and albumin concentrations between the 5 experimental groups. In addition, ZV treatment reduced hepatic necrosis and portal inflammation compared with the control group.
Conclusion: ZV showed hepatoprotective impact against CCl4-induced liver injury according to both serological and pathological investigations.
A Comparison between a Two Person Insertion Technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway and the Classic One Person Technique
Authors: Daneshforooz Mohammad Ali , Kazemi Asef Parviz , Omidvari Shahriar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Various studies are seeking to find new methods to improve techniques of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and reduce possible complications. In this study, we embarked on a clinical study to investigate the advantages of a new insertion method of laryngeal mask and to compare it with the classic method.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients aged 20-60 years old in 2012 were randomly divided into two groups allocated to receive either the new technique of insertion of LMA (two-person method) or the classic method (one-person method). In the two person method, jaw thrust and mouth opening is done by a technician and then anesthesiologist inserts the LMA. Oxygen saturation, time to insert laryngeal mask, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, and the ease of insertion in both groups were measured. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA test. P-value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The measured end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and saturation of O2 were 31.68 mmHg and 98.87 % in the classic method and 30.47 mmHg and 99.42 % in the two-person method, respectively. These differences were statistically significant for both values. However, the discrepancy of insertion time and ease of insertion between the two groups were not statistically considerable.
Conclusion: The new technique introduced in this study is associated with higher rate of success, as evidenced by enhancement of saturation of O2 and reduction of ETCO2. Therefore, this method could be considered as a safe and effective method in order to establish a secure airway in anesthetized patients in future studies.
Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with Temporalis Superficial Fascia Flap, a case series
Authors: Sohrabi Maryam , Sezavar Mehdi , Malekpour Zahra , Salehi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2022

Background: Different interpositional materials have been used to prevent recurrence after gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. In this study, the temporalis superficial fascia flap was evaluated as an interpositional material after condylectomy.
Â Materials and Methods: 9 Cases of unilateral or bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis were evaluated in this study with a follow-up of 12 months. The Al-khayat approach was used as the surgical technique with the inferiorly based temporalis superficial fascia flap.
Â Results: 9 Patients (6 female and 3 male) had a preoperative maximal inter-incisal opening of 3 to 10 mm. During the last follow-up observation after surgery, patients had a maximum inter-incisal opening of 40 to 45 mm. Paresthesia or anesthesia of the temporal branch of facial nerve was absent in all cases. There were no signs of re-ankylosing in any of the patients.
Â Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the temporalis superficial fascia flap is a good alternative as an interpositional material in treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Massive Pericardial Effusion in Down Syndrome with Supravalvar Pulmonary Stenosis Associated to Left Pulmonary Collapse
Authors: Rostampour Farshad , Tanasan Asadolah , Tanasan Poya 
Published: January 2022

Background:Â Pericardial effusion (PE) in Down syndrome (DS) patientsÂ usually occursÂ secondary to hypothyroidism,Â butÂ we haveÂ noÂ report of massive pericardial effusion inÂ euthyroidÂ Down syndrome patient withÂ supravalvarÂ pulmonary stenosis.
Case Presentation:Â WeÂ reportedÂ anÂ 11-month-oldÂ male with Down syndromeÂ withÂ massiveÂ pericardialÂ effusion thatÂ had conservative management with levothyroxinÂ who presented with cyanosis,respiratory distressÂ andÂ dominantlyÂ leftÂ upper lobeÂ pulmonary collapse.Â There wasÂ noresponse to medical management by antibiotic therapy,Â O2 therapy with hoodÂ and chest physiotherapyÂ after five days.Â PericardiocentesisÂ guided echocardiographyÂ performedÂ on the sixth day after admission and 180 cc transudated pericardial fluidsÂ hasÂ extracted. ClinicalÂ and paraclinicalÂ findingsÂ wereÂ relievedÂ dramaticallyÂ 12-24 hour afterÂ pericardiocentesis.However,Â Angiography showedÂ supravalvar pulmonary stenosis (SPS).
Conclusion:Â WeÂ assume thatÂ theÂ chronic compressionÂ effect ofÂ massiveÂ pericardial effusionÂ may beÂ a majorÂ cause ofÂ SPS.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Composite Restoration to Intact Enamel of Primary Incisors using Different Conditioners, and Adhesive Systems
Authors: Rafiee Azade , Nozari Ali , Heidari Ali , Azimi Ebrahim 
Published: January 2022

Background: Esthetic demands among patients have led to the introduction of tooth-colored restorations. Composite resins bond to enamel applying acid etch technique. Total etch adhesion systems are still considered as golden standard among bonding systems. However, clinicians have tendency towards using adhesive systems with a simplified application procedure. The aim of the present study is to compare the shear-bond strength of composite restoration to intact enamel of primary incisors using different conditioners, and adhesive systems.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 53 teeth were classified into 5 groups based on the bonding procedure. After composite build-up, specimens were placed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. Inter-group comparison of the shear-bond strength to enamel was analyzed employing One-way-ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (Version 17, Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: The highest shear-bond strength was related to the second (37% phosphoric acid etching + Margin Bond adhesive system), and the fifth group (37% phosphoric acid etch + Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system), and the lowest bond strength was related to the third group (Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system alone) (p value = 0.00).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, surface pre-treatment with 37% PA accompanied with self-etching adhesive system, increased the shear-bond strength in vitro. This method can be further studied in clinical settings.
Frequency Survey of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Attending Boo-Ali Hospital, Tehran
Authors: Etminan-Bakhsh Mina , Darabi Roksana , Tadi Sima , Mohit Mitra 
Published: January 2022

Background: During pregnancy, asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with different complications such as pyelonephritis and preterm birth. Pregnancy changes pave the way for the growth and multiplication of pathogenic factors. This study was aimed at exploring the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women who attended Booâ€“Ali Hospital, a teaching center of Islamic Azad University in Tehran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 123 pregnant women without urinary symptoms who attended Booâ€“Ali Hospital from March 2013 to September 2014. Demographic information of the patients including age, gestational age at the time of experiment and parity were recorded. An amount of middle part of urine (20cc) was collected in an appropriate sterile container. Urine samples were examined for WBC, RBC and bacteria. Other parts of the samples were cultivated for urine culture (U/C). Results: Two (1.6%) women had significant bacteriuria (â‰¥105/ml). Pyuria, bacteriuria and hematuria were seen in 49(39.8), 7 (5.6%) and 8 (6.5%) women, respectively. There was a significant association between positive U/C and pyuria (P=0.003). However, positive U/C showed no significance association between bacteriuria and hematuria (P>0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the low frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria (less than 2%) in the investigated population, the administration of U/C does not seem logical for all pregnant women. Hence, U/C is recommended for those with significant pyuria in their urinalyses. [GMJ.2015;4(4):159-63]
Herbal Medicines Used in Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini-Review
Authors: Nikkhajoei Maryam , Choopani Rasool , Tansaz Mojgan , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh , Sahranavard Shamim , Saberifiroozi Mehdi , Pasalar Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

Botanicals are used traditionally for treatment and prevention of the liver diseases.Â In the past decades, the use of herbal remedies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more popular. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of herbal medicines used for the treatment of NAFLD in clinical trials. This research was carried out by searching through the studies done on human beings, which have been reported from 1966 to Feb. 2016 and recorded in Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Scopus. A number of medicinal herbs have been evaluated in human trials. A scientific evaluation of these manuscripts can give an insight into the ideas of the past: it might well be valuable in finding new data on clinical use of the herbal medicines for the treatment of NAFLD and should lead to future opportunities to investigate their potential medicinal use.
Expression Analysis of miRNAs Targeting PIK3CA and AKT1 Genes of PI3K Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: Razaviyan Javad , Hadavi Razie , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira 
Published: January 2022

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that are involved in many biÂ­ological and also pathological processes, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common form of malignancies in women and requires new therapies and biomarkers. Different signaling pathways, such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway are involved in breast cancer and can be new candidates for targeted therapies based on miRNAs. The aim of this study was to predict miRNAs targeting Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) genes of PI3K cascade bioinformatically and to analyze their expression in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatic software and tools were used to predict miRNAs targeting PIK3CA and AKT1 genes. MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines were cultured as breast cancer and control cells respecÂ­tively. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. REST 2009Â® was utilized to analyze the expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Results: The results of our bioinformatic predictions indicated that miR-576-5p, miR-501-3p, and miR-3143 can be the first candidate miRNAs targeting PI3K signaling pathway. Data analyses demonÂ­strated that PIK3CA and AKT1 genes were up-regulated while all bioinformatically predicted miRNAs were down-regulated in MCF-7 cell line compared to the normal cells. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that PIK3CA and AKT1 can be targeted by miR-576-5p and miR-501-3p respectively. Furthermore, miR-3143 can target both mRNAs. Since these miRNAs target oncogenes, they can be proposed for new complementary targeted therapies in breast cancer patients. [GMJ.2017;6(4):338-45] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4.925
Postoperative progression of ligamentum flavum ossification after posterior instrumented surgery for thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: long-term outcomes during a minimum 10-year follow-up
Authors: Ando Kei , Nakashima Hiroaki , Machino Masaaki , Ito Sadayuki , Segi Naoki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Koshimizu Hiroyuki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to investigate clinical and radiological outcomes after thoracic posterior fusion surgery during a minimum of 10 years of follow-up, including postoperative progression of ossification, in patients with thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL).

METHODS
The study participants were 34 consecutive patients (15 men, 19 women) with an average age at surgery of 53.6 years (range 36–80 years) who underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation at the authors’ hospital. The minimum follow-up period was 10 years. Estimated blood loss, operative time, pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and JOA score recovery rates were investigated. Dekyphotic changes were evaluated on plain radiographs of thoracic kyphotic angles and fusion levels pre- and postoperatively and 10 years after surgery. The distal junctional angle (DJA) was measured preoperatively and at 10 years after surgery to evaluate distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). Ossification progression at distal intervertebrae was investigated on CT.

RESULTS
The Cobb angles at T1–12 were 46.8°, 38.7°, and 42.6°, and those at the fusion level were 39.6°, 31.1°, and 34.1° pre- and postoperatively and at 10 years after surgery, respectively. The changes in the kyphotic angles from pre- to postoperatively and to 10 years after surgery were 8.0° and 7.2° at T1–12 and 8.4° and 7.9° at the fusion level, respectively. The DJA changed from 4.5° postoperatively to 10.9° at 10 years after surgery. There were 11 patients (32.3%) with DJK during follow-up, including 4 (11.8%) with vertebral compression fractures at lower instrumented vertebrae or adjacent vertebrae. Progression of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) on the caudal side occurred in 8 cases (23.6%), but none had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) progression. Cases with OLF progression had a significantly lower rate of DJK (0% vs 38.5%, p < 0.01), a lower DJA (3.4° vs 13.2°, p < 0.01), and a smaller change in DJA at 10 years after surgery (0.8° vs 8.1°, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation for T-OPLL was found to be a relatively safe and stable surgical procedure based on the long-term outcomes. Progression of OLF on the caudal side occurred in 23.6% of cases, but cases with OLF progression did not have DJK. Progression of DJK shifts the load in the spinal canal forward and the load on the ligamentum flavum is decreased. This may explain the lack of ossification in cases with DJK.
Change in sagittal alignment after decompression alone in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis without significant deformity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bouknaitir Jamal Bech , Carreon Leah Y. , Brorson Stig , Andersen Mikkel Østerheden 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The authors’ objective was to investigate whether sagittal balance improves in patients with spinal stenosis after decompression alone.

METHODS
This prospective longitudinal cohort study compared preoperative and 6-month postoperative 36-inch full-length radiographs in patients aged older than 60 years. Patients underwent decompression alone for central lumbar spinal stenosis with either a minimally invasive bilateral laminotomy for central decompression, unilateral laminectomy as an over-the-top procedure for bilateral decompression, or traditional wide laminectomy with removal of the spinous processes on both sides. The following radiographic parameters were measured: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), PI-LL mismatch, coronal Cobb angle, and sacral slope (SS). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected, including scores on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) for leg and back pain, and EQ-5D.

RESULTS
Forty-five patients (24 males) with a mean ± SD age of 71.8 ± 5.6 years were included. Sagittal balance showed statistically significant improvement, with the mean SVA decreasing from 52.3 mm preoperatively to 33.9 mm postoperatively (p = 0.0001). The authors found an increase in LL, from mean −41.5° preoperatively to −43.9° postoperatively, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.055). A statistically significant decrease in PI-LL mismatch from mean 8.4° preoperatively to 5.8° postoperatively was found (p = 0.002). All PROM scores showed significant improvement after spinal decompression surgery. The correlations between SVA and all PROMs were statistically significant at both preoperative and postoperative time points, although most correlations were weak except for those between preoperative SVA and ODI (r = 0.55) and between SVA and VAS for leg pain (r = 0.58).

CONCLUSIONS
Sagittal balance and PROMs show improvement at short-term follow-up evaluations in patients who have undergone decompression alone for lumbar spinal stenosis.