bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions – IX. A pilot study towards IRDC G034.43+00.24 on multi-scale structures and gas kinematics
Authors: Liu Hong-Li , Tej Anandmayee , Liu Tie , Goldsmith Paul F , Stutz Amelia , Juvela Mika , Qin Sheng-Li , Xu Feng-Wei , Bronfman Leonardo , Evans Neal J , Saha Anindya , Issac Namitha , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Wang Ke , Li Shanghuo , Zhang Siju , Baug Tapas , Dewangan Lokesh , Wu Yue-Fang , Zhang Yong , Lee Chang Won , Liu Xun-Chuan , Zhou Jianwen , Soam Archana 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive study of the gas kinematics associated with density structures at different spatial scales in the filamentary infrared dark cloud, G034.43+00.24 (G34). This study makes use of the H13CO+ (1–0) molecular line data from the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey, which has spatial and velocity resolution of ∼0.04 pc and 0.2 km s−1, respectively. Several tens of dendrogram structures have been extracted in the position-position-velocity space of H13CO+, which include 21 small-scale leaves and 20 larger-scale branches. Overall, their gas motions are supersonic but they exhibit the interesting behaviour where leaves tend to be less dynamically supersonic than the branches. For the larger scale, branch structures, the observed velocity–size relation (i.e. velocity variation/dispersion versus size) are seen to follow the Larson scaling exponent while the smaller-scale, leaf structures show a systematic deviation and display a steeper slope. We argue that the origin of the observed kinematics of the branch structures is likely to be a combination of turbulence and gravity-driven ordered gas flows. In comparison, gravity-driven chaotic gas motion is likely at the level of small-scale leaf structures. The results presented in our previous paper and this current follow-up study suggest that the main driving mechanism for mass accretion/inflow observed in G34 varies at different spatial scales. We therefore conclude that a scale-dependent combined effect of turbulence and gravity is essential to explain the star-formation processes in G34.
What powers the radio emission in TDE AT2019dsg: A long-lived jet or the disruption itself?
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Piran Tsvi , Krolik Julian H 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The tidal disruption event AT2019dsg was observed from radio to X-rays and was possibly accompanied by a high-energy neutrino. Previous interpretations have focused on continued injection by a central engine as the source of energy for radio emission. We show that continuous energy injection is unnecessary; the radio data can be explained by a single ejection of plasma that supplies all the energy needed. To support this assertion, we analyse the synchrotron self-absorbed spectra in terms of the equipartition model. Similar to previous analyses, we find that the energy in the radio-emitting region increases approximately ∝ t0.7 and the length-scale of this region grows ∝ t at a rate $\simeq 0.06\, c$. This event resembles the earliest stage of a supernova remnant: because the ejected mass is much greater than the shocked external mass, its velocity remains unchanged, while the energy in shocked gas grows with time. The radio-emitting material gains energy from the outflow, not from continuing energy injection by the central object. Although energy injection from an accreting BH cannot be completely excluded, the energy injection rate is very different from the fallback luminosity, and maintaining constant outflow velocity requires fine-tuning, demanding further physical explanation. If the neutrino association is real, the energy injection needed is much greater than for the radio emission, suggesting that the detected neutrino did not arise from the radio-emitting region.
Efficient method for estimating the time evolution of the proto-neutron star mass and radius from a supernova neutrino signal
Authors: Nagakura Hiroki , Vartanyan David 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a novel method to estimate the time evolution of the proto-neutron star (PNS) structure from the neutrino signal in a core-collapse supernova (CCSN). Employing recent results from multidimensional CCSN simulations, we delve into a relation between the total emitted neutrino energy (TONE) and PNS mass/radius, and we find that they are strongly correlated with each other. We fit the relation by simple polynomial functions connecting the TONE to the mass and radius of the PNS as a function of time. By combining another fitting function representing the correlation between the TONE and the cumulative number of events at each neutrino observatory, the PNS mass and radius can be retrieved from purely observed neutrino data. We demonstrate retrievals of PNS mass and radius from mock data of the neutrino signal, and we assess the capability of our proposed method. While underlining the limitations of the method, we also discuss the importance of the joint analysis with the gravitational wave signal. This would reduce uncertainties of parameter estimations in our method, and may narrow down the possible neutrino oscillation model. The proposed method is a very easy and inexpensive computation, which will be useful in real data analysis of the CCSN neutrino signal.
Revisiting the evolved hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Kourniotis M , Kraus M , Maryeva O , Borges Fernandes M , Maravelias G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The massive stars that survive the phase of red supergiants (RSGs) spend the rest of their life in extremity. Their unstable atmospheres facilitate the formation and episodic ejection of shells that alter the stellar appearance and surroundings. In the present study, we revise the evolutionary state of eight hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds, four of early-A type and four of FG type, and complement the short list of the eruptive post-RSGs termed as yellow hypergiants. We refine the outdated temperatures and luminosities of the stars by means of high-resolution spectroscopy with the Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS). The A-type stars are suggested to be in their early, post-main-sequence phase, showing spectrophotometric characteristics of redward evolving supergiants. On the other hand, the FG-type stars manifest themselves through the enhanced atmospheric activity that is traced by emission filling in H α and the dynamical modulation of the low-excitation Ba ii line. Of these stars, the dusty HD269723 is suggested to have recently departed from a cool phase. We identify double-peaked emission in the FEROS data of HD269953 that emerges from an orbiting disc-hosting companion. The highlight of the study is an episode of enhanced mass-loss of HD271182 that manifests as a dimming event in the light curve and renders the star ‘modest’ analogue to ρ Cas. The luminosity log (L/L⊙) = 5.6 of HD271182 can serve as an updated threshold for the luminosity of stars exhibiting a post-RSG evolution in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
On the use of sulphur as a tracer for abundances in galaxies
Authors: Díaz Ángeles I , Zamora S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
2+We present a methodology for the use of sulphur as global metallicity tracer in galaxies, allowing performing a complete abundance analysis using only the red-to-near-infrared spectral region. We have applied it to a compilation of high-quality data split into two samples: H ii regions (DHR) in spiral and irregular galaxies, and dwarf galaxies dominated by a strong starburst (H ii Gal). Sulphur abundances have been derived by direct methods under the assumption of an ionization structure composed of two zones: an intermediate-ionization one where S++ is originated, and a low-ionization one where S+ is formed. Ionization correction factors (ICF) have been calculated from the Ar/Ar3+ ratio and are shown to correlate with the hardness of the radiation field. Only about 10 per cent of the objects show S3+ contributions to the total abundance larger than 30 per cent. A good correlation exists between sulphur abundance and ionizing temperature with low-metallicity objects being ionized by hotter stars. No correlation is found between ionization parameter and total S/H abundance. Most of the H ii Gal objects show S/O ratios below the solar value and a trend for increasing S/O ratios with increasing sulphur abundances, while DHR objects show S/O ratios larger than solar and a tendency for lower S/O ratios for higher metallicities. Finally, we present a calibration of the sulphur abundance through the S23 parameter that remains single valued up to sulphur abundances well beyond the solar value. S23 is independent of the ionization parameter and only weakly dependent on ionizing temperature.
Changes in Inflammatory and Atherogenesis Biomarkers With the 2-Drug Regimen Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in Antiretroviral Therapy–Experienced, Virologically Suppressed People With HIV-1: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Llibre Josep M , Cahn Pedro E , Lo Janet , Barber Tristan J , Mussini Cristina , van Welzen Berend J , Hernandez Beatriz , Donovan Cynthia , Kisare Michelle , Sithamparanathan Myooran , van Wyk Jean 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 2-drug regimen dolutegravir plus lamivudine has demonstrated long-term noninferior efficacy vs 3-/4-drug regimens (3/4DRs) in phase 3 trials. This systematic literature review summarizes clinical trial and real-world evidence evaluating impact of dolutegravir plus lamivudine on inflammatory and atherogenesis biomarkers in people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (PWH).MethodsUsing Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane library databases and conference proceedings, we searched for studies published from 1 January 2013 to 14 July 2021, reporting changes in inflammatory and atherogenesis biomarkers with dolutegravir plus lamivudine in antiretroviral therapy–experienced, virologically suppressed PWH aged ≥18 years.ResultsFour records representing 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 records of real-world evidence met eligibility criteria. All real-world studies evaluated CD4+/CD8+ ratio, while only 1 assessed inflammatory biomarkers. Across both RCTs, no consistent pattern of change in biomarkers was observed between dolutegravir/lamivudine and 3/4DR comparators. There were significant changes in soluble CD14 favoring dolutegravir/lamivudine in TANGO at weeks 48 and 144 and SALSA at week 48, and in interleukin-6 favoring the control group in TANGO at weeks 48 and 144. In the real-world study evaluating inflammatory biomarkers, median soluble CD14 significantly decreased 48 weeks postswitch to dolutegravir plus lamivudine (P &lt; .001), while other biomarkers remained stable. In all 6 real-world studies, increases in CD4+/CD8+ ratio were reported after switch to dolutegravir plus lamivudine (follow-up, 12–60 months).ConclusionsResults show that dolutegravir plus lamivudine has a comparable impact on inflammatory and atherogenesis biomarkers vs 3/4DRs, with no consistent pattern of change after switch in virologically suppressed PWH.
Percutaneous Versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Pain. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beltran-Alacreu Hector , Serrano-Muñoz Diego , Martín-Caro Álvarez David , Fernández-Pérez Juan J , Gómez-Soriano Julio , Avendaño-Coy Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The justification for this review is the need for high-quality evidence to assist in the decision-making process when applying percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in a clinical setting. The main aim was to determine if the use of PENS is more effective and should be recommended when compared to TENS for the reduction of musculoskeletal pain intensity.

Methods
A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Studies published until 31/12/2020, comparing the effectiveness of PENS and TENS, were considered. The main outcome was pain assessed with a visual analog scale or numerical pain rating scale.

Results
Nine RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis, with seven of them in the quantitative analysis (n = 527). The overall effect of PENS on pain was statistically but not clinically superior to TENS (mean difference [MD]=−1.0 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.5 to −0.4) with a high level of heterogeneity (I2=76%, P &gt; .01). When only studies with a lower risk of bias (n = 3) were analyzed, the heterogeneity decreased to I = 0% (P = .06) and no difference was observed between TENS and PENS (MD=−0.81 cm; 95% CI:−1.6 to 0.02) with a moderate recommendation level according to GRADE. There were no data concerning adverse effects.

Conclusions
There is low-quality of evidence for more pain intensity reduction with PENS, but the difference was not clinically significant. However, when only studies with low risk of bias are meta-analyzed, there is a moderate quality of evidence that there is no difference when TENS or PENS is applied for pain intensity.
Climate–ecological–economic modelling for the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures in cultural landscapes facing climate change
Authors: Gerling Charlotte , Drechsler Martin , Keuler Klaus , Leins Johannes A , Radtke Kai , Schulz Björn , Sturm Astrid , Wätzold Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change has become a key threat to biodiversity. As a response to climate change, species may adapt spatially (with range shifts) and temporally (with phenological adaptations), which may alter the impact of conservation measures. In cultural landscapes, where conservation often depends on specifically timed land use, climate change may also induce spatial changes in opportunity costs of conservation measures and with respect to their timing. Thus, previously cost-effectiveness conservation efforts may become less cost-effective. We develop a climate–ecological–economic model to investigate climate change-induced modifications of the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures. We apply the model to a case study to investigate the cost-effectiveness of grassland measures to conserve the large marsh grasshopper in northern Germany for the periods 2020–39 and 2060–79. Our model shows modifications in the cost-effective spatial allocation of conservation measures and that the timing of measures adapted to phenological changes remains cost-effective under climate change.
Political Beta
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Knill April , Mityakov Sergey , Portnykh Margarita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using a portfolio theory framework, we introduce the concept of “political beta” to model firm-level export diversification in response to global political risk. Our model predicts that firms are less responsive to changes in political relations with lower beta countries—those that contribute less to the firm’s total political risk. We document patterns consistent with our model using disaggregated Russian firm-by-destination-country data during 2001–2011: Trade is positively correlated with political relations, though the effect is far weaker for trading partners whose political relations with Russia are relatively uncorrelated with those of other partners in a firm’s export portfolio.
StarBeast3: Adaptive Parallelized Bayesian Inference under the Multispecies Coalescent
Authors: Douglas Jordan , Jiménez-Silva Cinthy L , Bouckaert Remco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As genomic sequence data become increasingly available, inferring the phylogeny of the species as that of concatenated genomic data can be enticing. However, this approach makes for a biased estimator of branch lengths and substitution rates and an inconsistent estimator of tree topology. Bayesian multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods address these issues. This is achieved by constraining a set of gene trees within a species tree and jointly inferring both under a Bayesian framework. However, this approach comes at the cost of increased computational demand. Here, we introduce StarBeast3—a software package for efficient Bayesian inference under the MSC model via Markov chain Monte Carlo. We gain efficiency by introducing cutting-edge proposal kernels and adaptive operators, and StarBeast3 is particularly efficient when a relaxed clock model is applied. Furthermore, gene-tree inference is parallelized, allowing the software to scale with the size of the problem. We validated our software and benchmarked its performance using three real and two synthetic data sets. Our results indicate that StarBeast3 is up to one-and-a-half orders of magnitude faster than StarBeast2, and therefore more than two orders faster than *BEAST, depending on the data set and on the parameter, and can achieve convergence on large data sets with hundreds of genes. StarBeast3 is open-source and is easy to set up with a friendly graphical user interface. [Adaptive; Bayesian inference; BEAST 2; effective population sizes; high performance; multispecies coalescent; parallelization; phylogenetics.]
Completion Total Mesorectal Excision After Transanal Local Excision of Early Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wyatt James N. R. , Powell Simon G. , Altaf Kiran , Barrow Hannah E. , Alfred Joshua S. , Ahmed Shakil 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Completion total mesorectal excision is recommended when local excision of early rectal cancers demonstrates high-risk histopathological features. Concerns regarding the quality of completion resections and the impact on oncological safety remain unanswered.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to summarize and analyze the outcomes associated with completion surgery and undertake a comparative analysis with primary rectal resections.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources included PubMed, Cochrane library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases up to April 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
All studies reporting any outcome of completion surgery after transanal local excision of an early rectal cancer were selected. Case reports, studies of benign lesions, and studies using flexible endoscopic techniques were not included.

INTERVENTION:
The intervention was completion total mesorectal excision after transanal local excision of early rectal cancers.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcome measures included histopathological and long-term oncological outcomes of completion total mesorectal excision. Secondary outcome measures included short-term perioperative outcomes.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three studies including 646 patients met the eligibility criteria, and 8 studies were included in the meta-analyses. Patients undergoing completion surgery have longer operative times (standardized mean difference, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.23–0.75; p = 0.0002) and higher intraoperative blood loss (standardized mean difference, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.01–0.5; p = 0.04) compared with primary resections, but perioperative morbidity is comparable (risk ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.98–1.62; p = 0.08). Completion surgery is associated with higher rates of incomplete mesorectal specimens (risk ratio, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.41–6.62; p = 0.005) and lower lymph node yields (standardized mean difference, –0.26; 95% CI, –0.47 to 0.06; p = 0.01). Comparative analysis on long-term outcomes is limited, but no evidence of inferior recurrence or survival rates is found.

LIMITATIONS:
Only small retrospective cohort and case-control studies are published on this topic, with considerable heterogeneity limiting the effectiveness of meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
This review provides the strongest evidence to date that completion surgery is associated with an inferior histopathological grade of the mesorectum and finds insufficient long-term results to satisfy concerns regarding oncological safety. International collaborative research is required to demonstrate noninferiority.

Registration No.
CRD42021245101.
Immunosuppressive drugs and associated complications in abdominal organ transplantation
Authors: Olson Jody C. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Intensive care management of patients who have undergone organ transplantation of liver, small bowel, pancreas, and/or kidney requires a basic knowledge of immunosuppression principles and the management of immunosuppressive medications. This review highlights the core principles of immunosuppression management in abdominal organ transplantation with a focus on complications arising from immunosuppressive drugs, both in the immediate postoperative period and in long-term usage.

Recent findings
The general principles of management of immunosuppression in the abdominal organ transplant population have remained largely unchanged. Improvements in drug monitoring coupled with improvements in knowledge of pathways involved in allograft rejection have further refined immunosuppressive therapy. Infectious and central nervous system complications remain prevalent and are common complications of immunosuppressive drug therapy.

Summary
For the intensive care professional who cares for abdominal organ transplant recipients, a foundational knowledge of the core principles of immunosuppression management is essential. In addition, an understanding of the common immunosuppressive drug regimens and the complications associated with these regimens is required for optimal management, risk assessment, and outcomes.
Comparing bowel lengthening procedures: which, when, and why?
Authors: van Praagh Jasper B. , Hofker H. Sijbrand , Haveman Jan-Willem 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Intestinal failure secondary to short bowel syndrome is still a very serious condition. Treatment consists of parenteral nutrition to provide nutrients and maintain body weight. During the last decades, intestinal lengthening procedures have become more available. The goal of this review is to discuss the results of the literature on the most commonly performed intestinal lengthening procedures.

Recent findings
Longitudinal Intestinal Lengthening, Serial Transverse Enteroplasty (STEP), and Spiral Intestinal Lengthening and Tailoring (SILT) are currently the most frequently reported intestinal lengthening procedures. The most recent literature of these procedures is described with respect to indication, technical details, complications, short and long-term outcome, and PN independence.

Summary
On the basis of indication, surgical complexity, complications, and clinical success, we conclude that the STEP procedure is probably the best choice for most centers.
Nontransplant options for portomesenteric thrombosis
Authors: Hibi Taizo 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Portomesenteric thrombosis (PMT) is a serious condition encountered mainly in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. More recently, this potentially fatal complication has been described after bariatric surgery and inflammatory bowel disease. Several consensus guidelines have been published over the past few years and this mini review was conducted to discuss updated nontransplant treatment options based on currently available evidence.

Recent findings
Anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment for PMT involving <50% of the main portal vein. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are usually preserved for patients with more extensive disease or those with clinically significant portal hypertension that are treatment refractory.

Summary
The extent of PMT, response to therapy, and complications related with PMT are the determinants of therapy.
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Presenting as a Solitary Chest Wall Metastasis Revealed by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shen Guohua , Kuang Anren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ovarian cancer 4 years ago complained of back pain for 1 month, and the CA-125 level was elevated. FDG PET/CT was then performed for restaging, and the images revealed a hypermetabolic mass in the right posterior chest wall. Postsurgical pathology confirmed metastasis from ovarian cancer.