bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoelectrochemistry-driven alteration of amino acids to derivative organics in carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies
Authors: Li Yamei , Kitadai Norio , Sekine Yasuhito , Kurokawa Hiroyuki , Nakano Yuko , Johnson-Finn Kristin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA long-standing question regarding carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) is how the CCs’ organics were sourced and converted before and after the accretion of their parent bodies. Growing evidence shows that amino acid abundances in CCs decrease with an elongated aqueous alteration. However, the underlying chemical processes are unclear. If CCs’ parent bodies were water-rock differentiated, pH and redox gradients can drive electrochemical reactions by using H2 as an electron source. Here, we simulate such redox conditions and demonstrate that α-amino acids are electrochemically altered to monoamines and α-hydroxy acids on FeS and NiS catalysts at 25 °C. This conversion is consistent with their enrichment compared to amino acid analogs in heavily altered CCs. Our results thus suggest that H2 can be an important driver for organic evolution in water-rock differentiated CC parent bodies as well as the Solar System icy bodies that might possess similar pH and redox gradients.
Increasing sensitivity of dryland vegetation greenness to precipitation due to rising atmospheric CO2
Authors: Zhang Yao , Gentine Pierre , Luo Xiangzhong , Lian Xu , Liu Yanlan , Zhou Sha , Michalak Anna M. , Sun Wu , Fisher Joshua B. , Piao Shilong , Keenan Trevor F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater availability plays a critical role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in low- and mid-latitude regions. The sensitivity of vegetation growth to precipitation strongly regulates global vegetation dynamics and their responses to drought, yet sensitivity changes in response to climate change remain poorly understood. Here we use long-term satellite observations combined with a dynamic statistical learning approach to examine changes in the sensitivity of vegetation greenness to precipitation over the past four decades. We observe a robust increase in precipitation sensitivity (0.624% yr−1) for drylands, and a decrease (−0.618% yr−1) for wet regions. Using model simulations, we show that the contrasting trends between dry and wet regions are caused by elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2). eCO2 universally decreases the precipitation sensitivity by reducing leaf-level transpiration, particularly in wet regions. However, in drylands, this leaf-level transpiration reduction is overridden at the canopy scale by a large proportional increase in leaf area. The increased sensitivity for global drylands implies a potential decrease in ecosystem stability and greater impacts of droughts in these vulnerable ecosystems under continued global change.
Interpretable learning of voltage for electrode design of multivalent metal-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiuying , Zhou Jun , Lu Jing , Shen Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has indeed emerged as a powerful tool for rapidly and accurately predicting materials properties from big data, such as the design of current commercial Li-ion batteries. However, its practical utility for multivalent metal-ion batteries (MIBs), the most promising future solution of large-scale energy storage, is limited due to scarce MIB data availability and poor DL model interpretability. Here, we develop an interpretable DL model as an effective and accurate method for learning electrode voltages of multivalent MIBs (divalent magnesium, calcium, zinc, and trivalent aluminum) at small dataset limits (150–500). Using the experimental results as validation, our model is much more accurate than machine-learning models, which usually are better than DL in the small dataset regime. Besides the high accuracy, our feature-engineering-free DL model is explainable, which automatically extracts the atom covalent radius as the most important feature for the voltage learning by visualizing vectors from the layers of the neural network. The presented model potentially accelerates the design and optimization of multivalent MIB materials with fewer data and less domain-knowledge restriction and is implemented into a publicly available online tool kit in http://batteries.2dmatpedia.org/ for the battery community.
A lightweight neural network with multiscale feature enhancement for liver CT segmentation
Authors: Ansari Mohammed Yusuf , Yang Yin , Balakrishnan Shidin , Abinahed Julien , Al-Ansari Abdulla , Warfa Mohamed , Almokdad Omran , Barah Ali , Omer Ahmed , Singh Ajay Vikram , Meher Pramod Kumar , Bhadra Jolly , Halabi Osama , Azampour Mohammad Farid , Navab Nassir , Wendler Thomas , Dakua Sarada Prasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSegmentation of abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan is essential for analyzing, diagnosing, and treating visceral organ diseases (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma). This paper proposes a novel neural network (Res-PAC-UNet) that employs a fixed-width residual UNet backbone and Pyramid Atrous Convolutions, providing a low disk utilization method for precise liver CT segmentation. The proposed network is trained on medical segmentation decathlon dataset using a modified surface loss function. Additionally, we evaluate its quantitative and qualitative performance; the Res16-PAC-UNet achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.950 ± 0.019 with less than half a million parameters. Alternatively, the Res32-PAC-UNet obtains a Dice coefficient of 0.958 ± 0.015 with an acceptable parameter count of approximately 1.2 million.
Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database
Authors: Pochet Stéphanie , Lechon Anne-Sophie , Lescrainier Cécile , De Vriese Carine , Mathieu Véronique , Hamdani Jamila , Souard Florence 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer patients could combine herbal treatments with their chemotherapy. We consulted VigiBase, a WHO database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) which archives reports of suspected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) when herbal products are used in conjunction with anti-cancer treatment. We focused on the possible interactions between antineoplastic (L01 ATC class) or hormone antagonists (L02B ATC class) with 10 commonly used herbs (pineapple, green tea, cannabis, black cohosh, turmeric, echinacea, St John’s wort, milk thistle and ginger) to compare ADRs described in ICSRs with the literature. A total of 1057 ICSRs were extracted from the database but only 134 were complete enough (or did not concern too many therapeutic lines) to keep them for analysis. Finally, 51 rationalizable ICSRs could be explained, which led us to propose a pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction mechanism. Reports concerned more frequently women and half of the rationalizable ICSRs involvedViscum albumandSilybum marianum. 5% of the ADRs described could have been avoided if clinicians had had access to the published information. It is also important to note that in 8% of the cases, the ADRs observed were life threatening. Phytovigilance should thus be considered more by health care professionals to best treat cancer patients and for better integrative care.
The effect of progressive image scrambling on neuronal responses at three stations of the pigeon tectofugal pathway
Authors: Clark William , Chilcott Matthew , Colombo Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe progressive image scrambling procedure is an effective way of determining sensitivity to image features at different stages of the visual system, but it hasn’t yet been used to evaluate neuronal responses in birds. We determined the effect of progressively scrambling images of objects on the population responses of anterior entopallium (ENTO), mesopallium ventrolaterale (MVL), and posterior nidopallium intermediate pars lateralis (NIL) in pigeons. We found that MVL responses were more sensitive to both the intact objects and the highly scrambled images, whereas ENTO showed no clear preference for the different stimuli. In contrast, the NIL population response strongly preferred the original images over the scrambled images. These findings suggest that the anterior tectofugal pathway may process local shape in a hierarchical manner, and the posterior tectofugal pathway may process global shape of greater complexity. Another possibility is that the differential responses between ENTO/MVL and NIL may reflect an anterior–posterior map of varying sensitivity to spatial frequency.
Probabilistic analysis and simulation of crack propagation in concrete pavements and surfaces
Authors: Leblouba Moussa , Tarabin Mohamad , Zahri Mostafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe surface of concrete pavement is susceptible to cracking. The propagation of a crack in a concrete structure may take the form of a one-dimensional line crack, a two-dimensional surface crack, or a three-dimensional volume crack. Predicting crack propagation in a concrete pavement surface is a complicated task. The whole process of formation, propagation, and orientation of cracks can be considered a stochastic process that necessitates a probabilistic investigation approach. In the present study, crack propagation in concrete pavements is studied from a probabilistic point of view using the concepts of multinomial Markov Chains using Random Walks. The study is based on actual probabilities of propagation and orientation of cracks obtained by tracing crack paths from a large dataset of images using custom-built software. Two random walker models are developed using the trinomial and multinomial Markov Chains. The master equation is developed assuming the trinomial Markov Chain, which has been brought for further theoretical and numerical developments. Examples of inferences and numerical simulations are presented to showcase the potential uses and applications of the proposed probabilistic approach for the design and scheduling of inspection visits and maintenance/rehabilitation strategies of concrete pavements and surfaces.
Imagery-related eye movements in 3D space depend on individual differences in visual object imagery
Authors: Chiquet Sandra , Martarelli Corinna S. , Mast Fred W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring recall of visual information people tend to move their eyes even though there is nothing to see. Previous studies indicated that such eye movements are related to the spatial location of previously seen items on 2D screens, but they also showed that eye movement behavior varies significantly across individuals. The reason for these differences remains unclear. In the present study we used immersive virtual reality to investigate how individual tendencies to process and represent visual information contribute to eye fixation patterns in visual imagery of previously inspected objects in three-dimensional (3D) space. We show that participants also look back to relevant locations when they are free to move in 3D space. Furthermore, we found that looking back to relevant locations depends on individual differences in visual object imagery abilities. We suggest that object visualizers rely less on spatial information because they tend to process and represent the visual information in terms of color and shape rather than in terms of spatial layout. This finding indicates that eye movements during imagery are subject to individual strategies, and the immersive setting in 3D space made individual differences more likely to unfold.
Struvite-based composites for slow-release fertilization: a case study in sand
Authors: Valle Stella F. , Giroto Amanda S. , Dombinov Vitalij , Robles-Aguilar Ana A. , Jablonowski Nicolai D. , Ribeiro Caue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStruvite (St) recovered from wastewaters is a sustainable option for phosphorus (P) recovery and fertilization, whose solubility is low in water and high in environments characterized by a low pH, such as acidic soils. To broaden the use of struvite in the field, its application as granules is recommended, and thus the way of application should be optimized to control the solubility. In this study struvite slow-release fertilizers were designed by dispersing St particles (25, 50, and 75 wt%) in a biodegradable and hydrophilic matrix of thermoplastic starch (TPS). It was shown that, in citric acid solution (pH = 2), TPS promoted a steadier P-release from St compared to the pure St pattern. In a pH neutral sand, P-diffusion from St-TPS fertilizers was slower than from the positive control of triple superphosphate (TSP). Nevertheless, St-TPS featured comparable maize growth (i.e. plant height, leaf area, and biomass) and similar available P as TSP in sand after 42 days of cultivation. These results indicated that St-TPS slow P release could provide enough P for maize in sand, achieving a desirable agronomic efficiency while also reducing P runoff losses in highly permeable soils.
Influence of various temperatures, seed priming treatments and durations on germination and growth of the medicinal plant Aspilia africana
Authors: Okello Denis , Komakech Richard , Gang Roggers , Rahmat Endang , Chung Yuseong , Omujal Francis , Kang Youngmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor millennia, Aspilia africana has been used across Africa to treat various diseases including malaria, wounds, and diabetes. In this study, temperature influenced the in vitro germination of A. africana with highest final germination percentage (FGP) and germination index (GI) of 65.0 ± 7.64% and 2.26 ± 0.223, respectively, at 19.8 °C. Priming seeds with H2O, KNO3, and GA3 (gibberellic acid 3) improved both in vitro germination and ex vitro emergence of A. africana seeds. Seed priming with $$1.44 \times 10^{ - 3 }$$

1.44
×

10

-
3

M GA3 produced overall highest in vitro FGP (from 90.0 ± 4.08% to 100 ± 0.00%) and GI (from 2.97 ± 0.385 to 3.80 ± 0.239) across all priming durations. Seeds primed with KNO3 had better germination parameters for 6 and 12 h compared to 18 and 24 h. Furthermore, the highest in vitro FGP (100 ± 0.00%) was observed in seeds primed for 12 h with $$1.44 \times 10^{ - 3 }$$

1.44
×

10

-
3

M GA3. Ex vitro A. africana seed emergence was significantly enhanced by GA3 priming. Priming A. africana seeds with H2O, KNO3, and GA3 improved their growth after 3 months, with the overall best growth for seeds primed with $$2.89 \times 10^{ - 4 }$$

2.89
×

10

-
4

M GA3. Seed priming of A. africana is a feasible approach for improving germination and seed emergence, and enhancing plant growth.
Thymocyte regulatory variant alters transcription factor binding and protects from type 1 diabetes in infants
Authors: Sandholm Niina , Rubio García Arcadio , Pekalski Marcin L. , Inshaw Jamie R. J. , Cutler Antony J. , Todd John A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe recently mapped a genetic susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q22.33 for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosed below the age of 7 years between the PTPRK and thymocyte-selection-associated (THEMIS) genes. As the thymus plays a central role in shaping the T cell repertoire, we aimed to identify the most likely causal genetic factors behind this association using thymocyte genomic data. In four thymocyte populations, we identified 253 DNA sequence motifs underlying histone modifications. The G insertion allele of rs138300818, associated with protection from diabetes, created thymocyte motifs for multiple histone modifications and thymocyte types. In a parallel approach to identifying variants that alter transcription factor binding motifs, the same variant disrupted a predicted motif for Rfx7, which is abundantly expressed in the thymus. Chromatin state and RNA sequencing data suggested strong transcription overlapping rs138300818 in fetal thymus, while expression quantitative trait locus and chromatin conformation data associate the insertion with lower THEMIS expression. Extending the analysis to other T1D loci further highlighted rs66733041 affecting the GATA3 transcription factor binding in the AFF3 locus. Taken together, our results support a role for thymic THEMIS gene expression and the rs138300818 variant in promoting the development of early-onset T1D.
Visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies originate from necrosis of characteristic neurons and connections in three-module perception model
Authors: Nara Shigetoshi , Fujii Hiroshi , Tsukada Hiromichi , Tsuda Ichiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMathematical and computational approaches were used to investigate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), in which recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH) is a very characteristic symptom. Beginning with interpretative analyses of pathological symptoms of patients with RCVH-DLB in comparison with the veridical perceptions of normal subjects, we constructed a three-module scenario concerning function giving rise to perception. The three modules were the visual input module, the memory module, and the perceiving module. Each module interacts with the others, and veridical perceptions were regarded as a certain convergence to one of the perceiving attractors sustained by self-consistent collective fields among the modules. Once a rather large but inhomogeneously distributed area of necrotic neurons and dysfunctional synaptic connections developed due to network disease, causing irreversible damage, then bottom-up information from the input module to both the memory and perceiving modules were severely impaired. These changes made the collective fields unstable and caused transient emergence of mismatched perceiving attractors. This may account for the reason why DLB patients see things that are not there. With the use of our computational model and experiments, the scenario was recreated with complex bifurcation phenomena associated with the destabilization of collective field dynamics in very high-dimensional state space.
Improving the differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells by optimizing culture conditions
Authors: Yamamoto Takako , Arita Mao , Kuroda Hirotaka , Suzuki Takashi , Kawamata Shin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmbryoid cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). They retain differentiation and self-renewal potential. However, the differentiation potential of PSCs can be changed by the culture medium. PSCs retain their differentiation potential when cultured with medium that supports the glycolytic pathway, showing high expression of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7), but lose their differentiation potential with medium that supports mitochondrial function, showing reduced levels of CHD7. Labeling cells by their copy number variant profile revealed that genetically different PSC populations can be cultured by medium selection. Another factor that defines the self-renewal potential of PSCs is culture condition. PSCs form colonies as they grow, and spontaneous differentiation inevitably occurs along the rim of these colonies in areas that lack cell-to-cell contact; because of this, undifferentiated cell populations would diminish if differentiated cells are not removed properly. Seeding cells on a less potent cell-binding material may minimize the inclusion of differentiated cells, exploiting the reduced adhesive properties of differentiated cells. Culturing cells with medium that supports the glycolytic pathway, using CHD7 as a biomarker for differentiation potential, and culturing cells on less sticky material can improve the differentiation potential of already established PSC clones.
Temperature induced modulation of resonant Raman scattering in bilayer 2H-MoS2
Authors: Bhatnagar Mukul , Woźniak Tomasz , Kipczak Łucja , Zawadzka Natalia , Olkowska-Pucko Katarzyna , Grzeszczyk Magdalena , Pawłowski Jan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Babiński Adam , Molas Maciej R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe temperature evolution of the resonant Raman scattering from high-quality bilayer 2H-MoS$$_{2}$$

2

encapsulated in hexagonal BN flakes is presented. The observed resonant Raman scattering spectrum as initiated by the laser energy of 1.96 eV, close to the A excitonic resonance, shows rich and distinct vibrational features that are otherwise not observed in non-resonant scattering. The appearance of 1st and 2nd order phonon modes is unambiguously observed in a broad range of temperatures from 5 to 320 K. The spectrum includes the Raman-active modes, i.e. E$$_{\text {1g}}^{2}$$

1g

2

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) and A$$_{\text {1g}}$$

1g

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) along with their Davydov-split counterparts, i.e. E$$_{\text {1u}}$$

1u

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) and B$$_{\text {1u}}$$

1u

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
). The temperature evolution of the Raman scattering spectrum brings forward key observations, as the integrated intensity profiles of different phonon modes show diverse trends. The Raman-active A$$_{\text {1g}}$$

1g

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) mode, which dominates the Raman scattering spectrum at T = 5 K quenches with increasing temperature. Surprisingly, at room temperature the B$$_{\text {1u}}$$

1u

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) mode, which is infrared-active in the bilayer, is substantially stronger than its nominally Raman-active A$$_{\text {1g}}$$

1g

($$\Gamma$$
Γ
) counterpart.
Bound on optimal local discrimination of multipartite quantum states
Authors: Ha Donghoon , Kim Jeong San 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the unambiguous discrimination of multipartite quantum states and provide an upper bound for the maximum success probability of optimal local discrimination. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition to realize the upper bound. We further establish a necessary and sufficient condition for this upper bound to be saturated. Finally, we illustrate our results using examples in multidimensional multipartite quantum systems.
Spatial distribution pattern of dominant tree species in different disturbance plots in the Changbai Mountain
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Wang Jin , Kang Xingang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effects of disturbance on spatial patterns and species interactions provide critical information on community structure and species coexistence. Two standard plots of 1-ha were set, one of them was a sample plot with retrograde succession after disturbance, and the other one was undisturbed. Spatial indices and Spatial patterns statistics were used to analyze the spatial pattern and inter-specific correlation of main tree species in two plots. Our results showed that the diameter distributions of different species have reverse J-shape, unimodal and bimodal distribution in the disturbed plot, while bell-shaped curves were observed in the undisturbed plot. The distributions of tree species were mainly showed clustered patterns in almost all scales through univariate pair correlation function. Some similar results of the classification of Wiegand scheme of species association consistent with the consequences of the bivariate pair correlation. The mark variograms showed positive autocorrelation at a coarse scale. The current study may aid in efforts of forest management planning and ecosystem services. Meanwhile, different research methods of spatial distribution also help to improve the accuracy of spatial distribution and the interspecific association of tree species.