bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first Austrian nanosatellite BRITE-Austria/TUGSAT‑1—a success story
Authors: Wenger Manuela , Kuschnig Rainer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn February 2013, the first Austrian nanosatellite BRITE-Austria/TUGSAT‑1 was launched into orbit to observe the brightness variations of massive luminous stars. Although the mission was originally planned to last only two years, BRITE-Austria has been providing scientific data at a high quality standard for more than eight years. The natural degradation of the systems on board over time as well as the impact of radiation, especially on the light-sensitive detectors, led to a decrease in efficiency and data quality. To ensure the continuous operation and a high level of data quality, several countermeasures were successfully introduced over the years, some of which are highlighted in this paper.The BRITE mission has shown impressively that, with the help of small and inexpensive satellites, even highly demanding scientific objectives can be achieved. The BRITE satellites have delivered new insights into the physical nature of stars, their pulsations, and “heartbeats”, as described in numerous publications, and even observed the complete development of a nova in the Carina field.
Korrelation transienter Spannungen in einem 380-kV- und 220-kV-Übertragungsnetz mit Schaltmeldeprotokollen und Blitzortungsdaten
Authors: Schwalt Lukas , Maurer Mathias , Pack Stephan 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten der TU Graz in Zusammenarbeit mit der Austrian Power Grid AG (APG) aus den Jahren 2017 bis 2019 wurden in verschiedenen Umspannwerken zusätzlich zur vorhandenen Infrastruktur kapazitive Messwandler installiert. Diese ermöglichten eine hochgenaue und präzise Messung der Spannungen im Netzknotenpunkt. Die Kenntnis der transienten Spannungssituation und ihre Wirkung auf das Netz gewinnen zukünftig für einen sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb der Hochspannungssysteme immer mehr an Bedeutung. Gesamt wurde so ein Datensatz von ca. 13.800 Messungen aufgezeichnet. Dieser Gesamtdatensatz wurde nun erstmals in vollem Umfang analysiert, und für die vorhandenen Spannungsmessungen wurden notwendige Datenbehandlungs‑, Korrelations- sowie Auswertemethoden entwickelt. Die Korrelation der transienten Spannungen mit Schaltmeldeprotokollen der APG sowie Blitzortungsdaten des Österreichischen Blitzortungsnetzbetreiber ALDIS (Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System) lieferte wertvolle Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf die transiente Spannungssituation im Hochspannungsnetz. Ausgehend von den erstellten Korrelationen lassen sich Analysen hinsichtlich der Entstehungsursachen transienter Spannungen und deren Auswirkungen innerhalb des Hochspannungsnetzes durchführen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt spezifische Ergebnisse bezogen auf die Wirkung von Schalthandlungen und Blitzentladungen und die Reichweite der hervorgerufenen transienten Spannungen innerhalb des Hochspannungsnetzes.
Development and application of an embedded computer system for CubeSats exemplified by the OPS-SAT space mission
Authors: Zeif Reinhard , Kubicka Manuel , Hörmer Andreas Johann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe space industry is one of today’s major growth markets and a very interesting business sector for innovation, science, and technology. In the last century, the space industry has dramatically changed and undergone strong commercialization referred to as “New Space”. In addition to the commercialization, the concept of CubeSats has become well established in the market during the last decade. The European Space Agency (ESA) has acknowledged this trend and uses CubeSat nanosatellites for projects like the OPS-SAT mission. OPS-SAT uses state-of-the-art embedded systems for various tasks. These embedded systems are the key for the great mission success of OPS-SAT and provide outstanding computational power for various experiments conducted with the OPS-SAT flying laboratory. This paper describes the fundamental design of these embedded systems and discusses some of the related achievements during the OPS-SAT mission.
Blood amyloid and tau biomarkers as predictors of cerebrospinal fluid profiles
Authors: Delaby Constance , Alcolea Daniel , Hirtz Christophe , Vialaret Jérôme , Kindermans Jana , Morichon Lisa , Fortea Juan , Belbin Olivia , Gabelle Audrey , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Lleó Alberto , Lehmann Sylvain 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Blood biomarkers represent a major advance for improving the management, diagnosis, and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their context of use in relation to routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for the quantification of amyloid peptides and tau proteins remains to be determined.

Methods
We studied in two independent cohorts, the performance of blood biomarkers in detecting “nonpathological” (A−/T−/N−), amyloid (A+) or neurodegenerative (T+ /N+) CSF profiles.

Results
Plasma Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio and phosphorylated tau (p-tau(181)) were independent and complementary predictors of the different CSF profile and in particular of the nonpathological (A−/T−/N−) profile with a sensitivity and specificity close to 85%. These performances and the corresponding biomarker thresholds were significantly different from those related to AD detection.

Conclusion
The use of blood biomarkers to identify patients who may benefit from secondary CSF testing represents an attractive stratification strategy in the clinical management of patients visiting memory clinics. This could reduce the need for lumbar puncture and foreshadow the use of blood testing on larger populations.
Empirical research on requirements quality: a systematic mapping study
Authors: Montgomery Lloyd , Fucci Davide , Bouraffa Abir , Scholz Lisa , Maalej Walid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch has repeatedly shown that high-quality requirements are essential for the success of development projects. While the term “quality” is pervasive in the field of requirements engineering and while the body of research on requirements quality is large, there is no meta-study of the field that overviews and compares the concrete quality attributes addressed by the community. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic mapping study of the scientific literature. We retrieved 6905 articles from six academic databases, which we filtered down to 105 relevant primary studies. The primary studies use empirical research to explicitly define, improve, or evaluate requirements quality. We found that empirical research on requirements quality focuses on improvement techniques, with very few primary studies addressing evidence-based definitions and evaluations of quality attributes. Among the 12 quality attributes identified, the most prominent in the field are ambiguity, completeness, consistency, and correctness. We identified 111 sub-types of quality attributes such as “template conformance” for consistency or “passive voice” for ambiguity. Ambiguity has the largest share of these sub-types. The artefacts being studied are mostly referred to in the broadest sense as “requirements”, while little research targets quality attributes in specific types of requirements such as use cases or user stories. Our findings highlight the need to conduct more empirically grounded research defining requirements quality, using more varied research methods, and addressing a more diverse set of requirements types.
Seasonal variations and long-term trends of groundwater over the Canadian landmass
Authors: Li Junhua , Wang Shusen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDetailed knowledge of groundwater storage improves the understanding and management of water resources. Observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have provided data on global terrestrial-water-storage (TWS) changes since 2002. Combining GRACE-TWS and land-surface model (LSM) estimates of soil water, snow-water equivalent and surface-water storage provides a method to quantify groundwater storage (Wground). This study examines the Wground seasonal variations and trends for Canada’s landmass during the period 2003–2016 using GRACE-TWS and the Canadian LSM EALCO (Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations) model. The results show the study region has a maximum seasonal variation (ΔWground) of 118 mm (volume equivalent 700 km3), with the maximum/minimum Wground appearing in July/April. Eastern Canada has relatively large ΔWground values, up to 400 mm in Newfoundland. The Prairie region has the smallest value (<50 mm). The western and central regions show the maximum/minimum Wground mostly in spring/fall. In contrast, eastern Canada has the maximum/minimum Wground mostly in fall/spring. South Ontario and the Prairie area show the maximum/minimum Wground in summer/winter. Additionally, the Wground trends over the 14-year study period present large spatial variability, with increasing trends of up to 10 mm/year in eastern Canada and decreasing trends (similar magnitudes) in the west. The increasing trend largely offsets the decreasing trend in the study area, and the overall Wground for the region does not show a significant trend during 2003–2016. Comparison of Wground with groundwater well measurements present similar long-term trends but with a phase difference in seasonal variations.
Inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptor and HHV-8 in classic or endemic Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Bortolotti Daria , Corazza Monica , Rotola Antonella , Bencivelli Dario , Schiuma Giovanna , Danese Elisabetta , Rizzo Sabrina , Beltrami Silvia , Rizzo Roberta , Borghi Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKIR2DL2, an inhibitory Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR), has been shown to predispose to the development of several herpesvirus-associated diseases by inhibiting the efficiency of Natural Killer (NK) cells against virus-infected cells. The aim of this observational study was to assess the prevalence of KIR2DL2 and Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) in patients affected with classical and endemic Kaposi sarcoma (KS), as well as in controls. Blood samples collected from 17 Caucasian, HIV-negative, immunocompetent patients affected with classical KS (c-KS), 12 African, HIV-negative patients with endemic KS (e-KS), 83 healthy subjects and 26 psoriatic patients were processed for genotypization by PCR for two KIR alleles, such as KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 and analyzed for HHV-8 presence. The totality of both c-KS and e-KS patients presented HHV-8 infection, whereas HHV8 was found in 26.9% of psoriatic subjects and 19.3% of healthy subjects. KIR2DL2 was found in the 76.5% of c-KS subjects, while the receptor was found in 41.7% of the e-KS group, 34.6% of psoriatic patients and 43.4% of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). A significantly higher prevalence of KIR2DL2 in c-KS patients than in all the other subjects was also confirmed comparing age-matched groups. Based on these results, the inhibitory KIR2DL2 genotype appears to be a possible cofactor which increases the risk of developing c-KS in HHV8-positive, immunocompetent subjects, while it seems less relevant in e-KS pathogenesis.
Perikonzeptioneller Einfluss von Ernährung und Mikronährstoffen auf die Reproduktionsfunktion
Authors: Keck C. , Riedl M. , Segerer S. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Mikronährstoffen und einer insgesamt „gesunden Ernährung“ in der Schwangerschaft ist unstrittig. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Datenlage zum Einfluss der perikonzeptionellen Ernährung auf die Konzeption, Implantation und den weiteren Schwangerschaftsverlauf weit weniger klar. Gesichert scheint, dass ein hoher Anteil von Vollkornprodukten, Früchten, Gemüse, Fisch und Olivenöl bei moderatem Anteil von Kohlenhydraten günstige Effekte entfaltet. Bei Kinderwunsch ist heute die Folsäuresubstitution obligat, diese kann nach aktuellen Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften durch Vitamin D ergänzt werden.
Perzipierte Ungleichheit und politische Nachfrage
Authors: Dallinger Ursula 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungNach einer neueren sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatte nehmen die Bürger die Einkommensungleichheit eher ungenau wahr, was auch ihre Akzeptanz verteilungspolitischer Programme beeinflusst. Die Studie, über die der Artikel berichtet, prüft, ob sich das am Beispiel der Vermögensteuer bestätigen lässt. Die Vermögensteuer wurde in Deutschland 1996 ausgesetzt, jedoch ringt die Politik seit Jahren um ihre Wiedereinführung. Vor dem Hintergrund der Debatte um verzerrte Perzeptionen bei der Formation verteilungspolitischer Präferenzen fragt der Beitrag erstens, wie genau die existierende Steuerlast wohlhabender Haushalte durch den Spitzensteuersatz für Einkommen eingeschätzt wird und ob ein Bias Folgen für die Unterstützung einer Vermögensteuer hat. Ausgehend von Ansätzen, die Massenmedien eine wichtige Rolle bei der Formation verteilungspolitischer Präferenzen zuschreiben, wird zweitens der Einfluss medialer Rahmen zur Vermögensteuer auf die Akzeptanz dieses Instruments überprüft. Nach den Daten eines Onlinesurveys wird die Belastung durch die Spitzensteuer eher zu hoch eingeschätzt. Je stärker diese Steuer überschätzt wird, desto geringer ist die politische Unterstützung einer Vermögensteuer. Framingexperimente mit randomisierten Kontroll- und Treatmentgruppen im Rahmen des Surveys bilden aktuelle Diskurse um die Vermögensteuer ab und rekonstruieren positive Frames – Vermögensteuern als investitionsfördernde Steuerreform, als Beitrag zum Abbau von Staatsschulden durch Corona, wie auch ablehnende Frames – Einschränkung von Investitionen und Verlust von Arbeit bei Belastung der Unternehmen. Das Verfügbarmachen möglicher Arbeitsplatzverluste senkt die Unterstützung einer Vermögensteuer höchst signifikant. Die mehrheitlich starke Zustimmung fällt auf die mittlere Kategorie „teils/teils“ ab, ein Signal der Unentschiedenheit. Das Ringen um Benennungsmacht ist also offen. Die Unterstützung einer Vermögensteuer wird unsicher, je mehr politische Kommunikation den Rahmen bedrohter Arbeitsplätze aktiviert.
Expert Opinion on Pegloticase with Concomitant Immunomodulatory Therapy in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Gout to Improve Efficacy, Safety, and Durability of Response
Authors: Botson John K. , Baraf Herbert S. B. , Keenan Robert T. , Albert John , Masri Karim R. , Peterson Jeff , Yung Christianne , Freyne Brigid , Amin Mona , Abdellatif Abdul , Soloman Nehad , Edwards N. Lawrence , Strand Vibeke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Gout is a systemic disease from which some patients develop numerous painful tophi that adversely affect quality of life and functionality. Some patients treated with oral urate-lowering therapy are unable to maintain serum urate levels below 6 mg/dL, and these patients, thus classified as having refractory or uncontrolled gout, often require therapy with pegloticase to reduce symptoms and tophaceous burden. The objective of this expert opinion review is to summarize the available evidence supporting the use of concomitant immunomodulators with pegloticase to prevent development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) when treating patients with uncontrolled gout.

Recent Findings
Emerging evidence suggests that adding an immunomodulator to pegloticase therapy can substantially increase response rates to double those observed in phase 3 randomized controlled trials.

Summary
The combination of immunomodulation with pegloticase should be considered in routine clinical practice to improve durability of response, efficacy, and safety among patients with uncontrolled gout who otherwise have limited therapeutic options.
Identification of nafamostat mesylate as a selective stimulator of NK cell IFN-γ production via metabolism-related compound library screening
Authors: Yang Qinglan , Zhang Shuju , Wu Shuting , Yao Baige , Wang Lili , Li Yana , Peng Hongyan , Huang Minghui , Bi Qinghua , Xiong Peiwen , Li Liping , Deng Yafei , Deng Youcai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells play important roles in controlling virus-infected and malignant cells. The identification of new molecules that can activate NK cells may effectively improve the antiviral and antitumour activities of these cells. In this study, by using a commercially available metabolism-related compound library, we initially screened the capacity of compounds to activate NK cells by determining the ratio of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)+ NK cells by flow cytometry after the incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IL-12 or IL-15 for 18 h. Our data showed that eight compounds (nafamostat mesylate (NM), loganin, fluvastatin sodium, atorvastatin calcium, lovastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin calcium, and pitavastatin calcium) and three compounds (NM, elesclomol, and simvastatin) increased the proportions of NK cells and CD3+ T cells that expressed IFN-γ among PBMCs cultured with IL-12 and IL-15, respectively. When incubated with enriched NK cells (purity ≥ 80.0%), only NM enhanced NK cell IFN-γ production in the presence of IL-12 or IL-15. When incubated with purified NK cells (purity ≥ 99.0%), NM promoted NK cell IFN-γ secretion in the presence or absence of IL-18. However, NM showed no effect on NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, our study identifies NM as a selective stimulator of IFN-γ production by NK cells, providing a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of infection or cancer in select populations.
Progressive lymphocytosis in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Wang Rujia , Shi Shenyun , Chen Ling , Zhang Yingwei , Qiu Xiaohua , Meng Fanqing , Xiao Yonglong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder which is less typical in adults than pediatric patients. In this study, we reported a rare case of adult-onset FHL3 with progressive lymphocytosis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). A 20-year old female was admitted to our institution for persistent cough with fever. A chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan showed diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities (GGO). A lung biopsy revealed infiltration of lymphocyte in the pulmonary interstitium. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, followed by significant clinical improvement although lymphocytosis still persisted. The definitive diagnosis of FHL was based on whole genome sequencing by which heterozygous mutations in UNC13D gene were identified. Lymphocytosis may be a remarkable feature of some patients with FHL. Performing gene sequencing is important to improve the recognition of FHL to avoid misdiagnosis.
Modelling the transient effect in naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Aljuboori Faisal Awad , Lee Jang Hyun , Elraies Khaled A. , Stephen Karl D. , Memon Muhammed Khan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModelling of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFR’s) is a very challenging task. NFR’s are often simulated using the dual-porosity (DP) model, which requires significantly lower computational time and less simulation cost compared with the fine-grid modelling. However, the DP model is unable to capture the transient effect, the saturation front, and its tendency to overestimate the predicted oil recovery, as the invaded fluid is immediately reaching the gridblock centre once its saturation exceeds the critical saturation. The matrix block discretisation and modifying the transfer function are among the widely investigated areas to represent the transient effect and to improve the simulation accuracy. Adjusting the transfer function often results in complicated and unstable solutions, which make this approach limited in use. However, the matrix discretisation technique, such as Multiple Interacting Continua (MINC), is one of the utilised approaches to improve the simulation of NFR’s. The model’s layers provide the required mean to capture the transient effect and to include the matrix heterogeneities. In this work, we present an improvement to the original MINC model to enhance its accuracy and stability using a particular case of two subdomains model. We suggested using an equal volume of the matrix sub-blocks, besides performing an adjustment to the calculation of fluid saturation. The new adjustments have provided a stable solution and improved simulation results compared with the original MINC model. Besides the advantage of the matrix layers to handle various heterogeneities with excellent simulation accuracy and marginal errors, and hence a reliable performance and prediction.
Effects of Risk Perception on Disaster Preparedness Toward Typhoons: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Ng Sai Leung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior. An intercept survey (N = 286) was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong, China in 2019, then the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness behavior. Risk perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective norm. Risk perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control, but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of preparedness. Not only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons, but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong.
Experimental and computational analysis of the coolant distribution considering the viscosity of the cutting fluid during machining with helical deep hole drills
Authors: Oezkaya Ekrem , Michel Sebastian , Biermann Dirk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn experimental analysis regarding the distribution of the cutting fluid is very difficult due to the inaccessibility of the contact zone within the bore hole. Therefore, suitable simulation models are necessary to evaluate new tool designs and optimize drilling processes. In this paper the coolant distribution during helical deep hole drilling is analyzed with high-speed microscopy. Micro particles are added to the cutting fluid circuit by a developed high-pressure mixing vessel. After the evaluation of suitable particle size, particle concentration and coolant pressure, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is validated with the experimental results. The comparison shows a very good model quality with a marginal difference for the flow velocity of 1.57% between simulation and experiment. The simulation considers the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The results show that the fluid velocity in the chip flutes is low compared to the fluid velocity at the exit of the coolant channels of the tool and drops even further between the guide chamfers. The flow velocity and the flow pressure directly at the cutting edge decrease to such an extent that the fluid cannot generate a sufficient cooling or lubrication. With the CFD simulation a deeper understanding of the behavior and interactions of the cutting fluid is achieved. Based on these results further research activities to improve the coolant supply can be carried out with great potential to evaluate new tool geometries and optimize the machining process.