bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A direct approach for interfacing four-wire resistive sensors to microcontrollers
Authors: Reverter Ferran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the field of direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuits, a novel proposal for four-wire connected resistive sensors is suggested and experimentally tested herein. The circuit relies on measuring six discharging times corresponding to six RC circuits, which include the sensor resistance and the parasitic resistance of the wires. The circuit has been applied to measure resistors emulating a Pt100 thermal sensor with different values of wire resistance. Experimental results show that the accuracy and linearity of the proposed circuit is not deteriorated while increasing the wire resistance, either by the mismatch between the wire resistances. The error, with respect to the case with null wire resistances, is lower than 45 mΩ, while the non-linearity error is lower than 0.05% full-scale span in the worst scenario under test.
Utilizing dual functions of LaPO4 to enhance the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.87Co0.09Al0.04O2 cathode material
Authors: Wu Yuxuan , Cheng Wendong , Hao Shuai , Li Lei , Ran Qiwen , Liu Ling , Ji Yuyao , Huo Jinsheng , Liu Xingquan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, via a facile wet coating method, the LaPO4 coating layer has been introduced onto the LiNi0.87Co0.09Al0.04O2 (NCA) surface while a small part of La3+ has also been doped on the surface to realize the dual functions modification of coating and doping. The morphology and structure of the samples were investigated by XRD, SEM and TEM measurements. The chemical compositions of the samples were analyzed via EDS and XPS data. The results showed that the coating of LaPO4 and the doping of La3+ were successfully achieved on the surface of NCA. Electrochemical tests indicate that the sample modified with 2 wt% LaPO4 (L2-NCA) possesses the best electrochemical performance. After 100 cycles, compared with the capacity retention rate of pristine NCA of 87.1%/74.2% at 0.5 C at 25 °C/60 °C, L2-NCA showed better cycling stability, and the capacity retention rate increased to 96.0%/85.1%, respectively. Besides, the rate performance of the modified samples at 1 C, 2 C and 5 C were also significantly improved. These satisfactory results reveal that the surface modification of LaPO4 provides a feasible scheme to uprate the performance of Ni-rich cathode materials.
Bending of a beam: an improvised instructional tool for the determination of density of a liquid
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahana , Chattopadhyay K N , Adhikary Chandan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An improvised instructional tool has been designed for the determination of density of a liquid by employing the elastic property of a metal bar. If a metal beam supported at two ends be loaded at the middle, then a depression is produced. These depressions are recorded by a travelling microscope for a known mass and a known volume of the test liquid whose density is to be measured, hanged as load at the middle of the bar. If the recorded depression is plotted against the respective mass and respective volume of the test liquid taken, a straight line is obtained in both the cases. The density of the test liquid is obtained from the slope of these two straight lines.
Effects of post metallization annealing on Al2O3 atomic layer deposition on n-GaN
Authors: Tadmor Liad , Brusaterra Enrico , Treidel Eldad Bahat , Brunner Frank , Bickel Nicole , Vandenbroucke Sofie S T , Detavernier Christophe , Würfl Joachim , Hilt Oliver 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The chemical, physical and electrical properties and the robustness of post metallization annealed Al2O3 atomic layers deposited on n-type GaN are investigated in this work. Planar metal insulator capacitors are used to demonstrate a gate-first with following ohmic contacts formation at elevated temperature up to 600 °C process flow. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that no new bonds in the Al2O3 layer are formed due to exposure to the elevated annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements show no crystallization of the oxide layer. Atomic force microscopy shows signs of degradation of the sample annealed at 600 °C. Electrical measurements indicate that the elevated annealing temperature results in an increase of the oxide depletion and the deep depletion capacitances simultaneously, that results in a reduction of the flat band voltage to zero, which is explained by fixed oxide charges curing. A forward bias step stress capacitance measurement shows that the total number of induced trapped charges are not strongly affected by the elevated annealing temperatures. Interface trap density of states analysis shows the lowest trapping concentration for the capacitor annealed at 500 °C. Above this temperature, the interface trap density of states increases. When all results are taken into consideration, we have found that the process thermal budget allows for an overlap between the gate oxide post metallization annealing and the ohmic contact formation at 500 °C.
Design and defect study of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cell using suitable charge transport layers
Authors: Alkhammash Hend I , Mottakin M , Hossen Md Mosaddek , Akhtaruzzaman Md , Rashid Mohammad Junaebur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work modelled and analysed perovskite solar cells based on Cs2AgBiBr6 with various electron transport layers and hole transport layers. The device structure is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/ZnO/Cs2AgBiBr6/NiO/Au. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is practically saturated after the perovskite thickness of 700 nm. PCE declines from 21.88% to 1.58% when carrier lifetime decreases from 103 ns to 10−1 ns. Deep-level defects at mid-band gap energy of the perovskite layer can trap both carriers, allowing greater carrier recombination. Carrier capture cross-sectional area greatly impacts on cell performance. When subjected to high temperatures (T), the carrier mobility would diminish because carrier scattering increases cell resistance. That is why by raising T from 300 K to 400 K, the value of built-in potential (V
bi) decreases from 1.17 V to 0.98 V. Device shows maximum efficiency when FTO is used as the front electrode, and Au is used as a back electrode. The optimum device, made of FTO/ZnO/Cs2AgBiBr6/NiO/Au, provides V
oc = 1.29 V, J
sc = 20.69 mA cm−2, fill factor = 81.72%, and PCE = 21.88%.
A new symmetrical Z-shaped compliant linear actuator based on parasitic motion principle
Authors: Xie Yanlin , Li Yangmin , Cheung Benny Chifai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To meet the demand of designing piezoelectric actuators with long working stroke and high resolution, a new parasitic motion principle (PMP) linear actuator based on the symmetrical Z-shaped compliant mechanism was proposed in this paper. The mechanism design and the operation principle of the proposed linear actuator were elaborated. The theoretical model of the symmetrical Z shaped compliant mechanism deformation was established, and was verified by the simulation analysis. Experimental studies were conducted on a manufactured prototype to investigate the performances of the proposed linear actuator. The results indicate that a linear actuator with bi-directional motion can be achieved, which has a resolution of 106 nm in the forward direction and 84 nm in the reverse direction. Under the locking force of 0.8 N, the maximum speed of 270 µm s−1 was reached, when the amplitude and the frequency of the driving voltage were set to 60 V and 650 Hz. It is also noted that the proposed linear actuator can work with a loading capacity of 25 g. This study has provided an alternative way for the development of a PMP linear actuator with bi-directional motion.
Electric control of a phononic crystal constituted of Piezoelectric layers using Schottky diode
Authors: Hatoumva Massaï , Siryabe Emmanuel , Maréchal Pierre , Effa Joseph Yves , Betchewe Gambo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A one-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystal (PPC) consisting of a periodic pattern made of two perfectly bonded materials: one active (piezoelectric), the other passive (elastic) and exhibiting a strong acoustic impedance contrast is studied. We are interested in the tunability of piezoelectric inclusions in order to control the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the MHz range from a nonlinear electrical component connected to the terminals of the piezoelectric elements. After modeling the dynamic resistance of the Schottky diode, based on the piezoelectricity equations, a one-dimensional analytical model is proposed to take into account the resistive impedance effect of this diode connected to the electrodes of the active plate. Thus, we have shown that the application of various electrical boundary conditions (EBCs) on the electrodes (open-circuit, short-circuit, connecting an electrical load) allows to change the effective properties of the piezoelectric plate in particular and those of the PPC in general. The dispersion of the waves is then electrically tuned and, depending on the applied EBCs, we have demonstrated numerically the possibility of opening Bragg or hybridization gaps in the PPC band structure.
Research on thermal actuation performance of twisted and coiled nylon artificial muscles based on yarn mechanics
Authors: Liu Guangdong , Zhang Yang , Di Jiangtao , Wu Zhengtian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Twisted and coiled artificial muscles (TCAMs) are recently introduced as novel structural actuators that offer outstanding performance. TCAMs consisting of nylon or other polymer fibers have the advantages of low cost, large stroke, and high power density, and can be used in the fields of robots and intelligent textiles. Manufacturing process and actuation conditions significantly affect the spiral structure of the fiber. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct research on the manufacturing mechanics of TCAMs for their future development and applications. In this paper, a modeling based on yarn mechanics and the energy method is established for exploring the actuation performance of TCAMs. Firstly, we analyze the effects of the preparation and actuation conditions on the helical structure of TCAMs. The relationship between the spiral structure and the fiber tension is obtained. Then, we investigated the effects of preparation conditions, actuation load, and operating temperature on the tensile stroke of TCAMs. For silver-coated nylon fibers, the actuation performance of TCAMs decreased with the increase of suspension load. Finally, we verify the correctness of the model through experiments. Conversely, the present model can provide theoretical guidance for experimental research and optimized manufacturing of TCAMs.
Neural network-based motion modeling and control of water-actuated soft robotic fish
Authors: Chen Gang , Yang Xin , Xu Yidong , Lu Yuwang , Hu Huosheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Soft actuator has broad application prospects due to its good compliance to different environments. However, its deformation is difficult to be described by the traditional method, so it is impossible to establish an accurate model of its motion, resulting in the difficulty of motion control of the software actuator. In this study, a soft robotic fish is designed, and a motion modeling method is proposed applying the neural network. The neural network-based motion model of the water-actuated soft robotic fish is constructed through neural network training with data collected by visual sensor. Further, a data set of control signals about the desired swing angle of robotic fish is established based on the motion model and stochastic algorithm, and the accurate motion control of the robot is implemented. The accuracy of the motion control method and the free swimming ability of the soft robotic fish using the control method in the water are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through the static and dynamic swing experiments of the robotic. This study provides a new idea for the motion modeling of soft actuators, which can effectively promote the development of modeling methods and theories of soft robots.
Small amplitude ion-acoustic solitary waves in a four-component magneto- rotating plasma with a modified Cairns-Tsallis distribution
Authors: Wang Hong , Du Jiulin , Guo Ran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The small amplitude ion-acoustic solitary waves in the magneto-rotating plasma consisting of cold fluid ions, hot positrons, and the two-temperature electrons (cold and hot electrons) are investigated when the electrons obey a modified Cairns-Tsallis distribution. By using the reductive perturbation method, we derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation and obtain the small amplitude ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions. The dependences of solitary wave solutions on the nonextensive q-parameter, the nonthermal α-parameter and the plasma physical quantities are analyzed numerically. We show the significant effects of the nonextensive q-parameter and the nonthermal α-parameter etc on the ion-acoustic solitary waves.
Autonomous three-dimensional oscillator with five terms: spiking oscillations generation mechanism, microcontroller implementation and controls
Authors: Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Kamdoum Tamba Victor , Mboupda Pone Justin Roger , Mbouna Ngueuteu Serge Gervais , Rajagopal Karthikeyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a report on the microcontroller implementation of an autonomous three-dimensional oscillator with five terms (ATDOFT) and performance analysis based on partial and total amplitude controls. ATDOFT displays periodic spiking behaviors, period-tripling bifurcation to chaos, chaotic spiking attractors, coexisting attractors and bistable attractors. ATDOFT is divided into two subsystems; namely the fast and slow subsystems to investigate the mechanism of the spiking dynamics. Relying on the stability analysis based on the fast subsystem with respect to the slow variable, it is shown that the spiking oscillations present in the ATDOFT arise from the system switching between the unstable state and the stable state of the lone equilibrium point of the fast subsystem. By inserting two controller parameters into the rate equations of the ATDOFT, total and partial amplitude controls are achieved. Finally, the dynamical behaviors found in ATDOFT are validated by the microcontroller implementation.
Inclusivity in cell biology: cultural identity and the power of authenticity
Authors: Langford George M. 
Published: November 2022

I am deeply honored to be the recipient of the 2022 ASCB Public Service Award. In addition to my research on the cytoskeleton and molecular motors, I devoted a significant part of my professional career to issues pertaining to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Diversity of the scientific workforce is essential to accomplish the mission of discovery and innovation required to advance scientific knowledge and improve human health, especially the health of Black communities. This pressing need requires new approaches to address the problem of inclusivity in science. The Black Lives Matter movement and the murder of George Floyd were events that triggered people around the world to begin to reckon with structural racism and new approaches to dismantle it. It is through this momentary lens that I founded the PAIR-UP Imaging Science Program for Black Imaging Scientists. The purpose of PAIR-UP is to improve the professional work environment for Black imaging scientists at R1 institutions by building a self-reinforcing community of Black scientists across institutions committed to helping each other sustain a strong cultural identity. Reenforcing and sustaining a strong cultural identity has the potential to be transformational for the scientists participating in PAIR-UP.
Records of a Confident Man
Authors: Hampton Timothy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bob Dylan’s prodigious creativity and transformation of popular song into literature raise new problems for writing about art. Neither traditional “poetry” criticism (which ignores sound and musical structure) nor traditional musicology (often indifferent to literary history) is adequate to the challenges posed by his work. Critics struggle to find a point of view from which to engage Dylan’s achievement. Through a critical account of four recent books, this essay points up both the limits and the resources of different approaches to this most mercurial of artists.
The altered production and property of saliva induced by ingesting fermented food ingredients affect the oral microbiome composition in mice
Authors: Kaibori Yuichiro , Yamashita Kazuhiko , Nagakubo Daisuke 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Oral functions are diverse and critical to human health. Therefore, insufficient secretion or poor quality of saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity and plays various roles, could have a crucial influence on the oral microenvironment and be associated with systemic disease development. Here, we investigated the effects of food ingredients on saliva quantity and quality, including fermented ones. Through the in vitro submandibular glands’ organ culture analyses, we found that “Yomo gyutto,” fermented Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps), altered the expression of aquaporin-5, a water channel protein. We also found that Yomo gyutto increased saliva volume, along with the amount of α-amylase in mice, and caused changes in the oral microbiome composition of mice. These results suggested that by ingesting Yomo gyutto, we could directly and effectively manipulate the quantity and quality of saliva secreted from the salivary glands, potentially altering the oral microbiome composition for individual health.
Enantioselective total syntheses of (S)-phosphonothrixin and unexpected cyclic derivative (S)-cyclic phosphonothrixin via enzymatic resolution
Authors: Nakamura Koki , Matsushima Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
(S)-Phosphonothrixin is a phosphonate natural product produced by Saccharothrix sp. ST-888 that exhibits herbicidal activity. The previously reported asymmetric synthesis of (S)-phosphonothrixin is laborious and difficult to reproduce. In this study, we developed a scalable and concise enantioselective total synthesis of (S)-phosphonothrixin via two different synthetic routes by the enzymatic resolution of a known racemic epoxy alcohol. The second-generation synthesis was more efficient in terms of the overall yield (15%) and the number of steps (7) and afforded a unique cyclic phosphonate (phostone) as the product of the C–P bond formation reaction, which was converted to (S)-cyclic phosphonothrixin. Both (S)-phosphonothrixin and (S)-cyclic phosphonothrixin induced chlorosis in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, (S)-cyclic phosphonothrixin exhibited lower activity than (S)-phosphonothrixin owing to its fixed conformation, as evidenced by a structure–activity relationship study. This study paves the way for the elucidation of the detailed mode of action of (S)-phosphonothrixin.
Editing a gateway for cell therapy across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Achón Buil Beatriz , Tackenberg Christian , Rust Ruslan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStem cell therapy has been shown to improve stroke outcomes in animal models and is currently advancing towards clinical practice. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal route for cell delivery to the injured brain. Local intracerebral injections are effective in precisely delivering cells into the stroke cavity but carry the risk of damaging adjacent healthy tissue. Systemic endovascular injections, meanwhile, are minimally invasive, but most injected cells do not cross CNS barriers and become mechanically trapped in peripheral organs. Although the blood–brain barrier and the blood–CSF barrier tightly limit the entrance of cells and molecules into the brain parenchyma, immune cells can cross these barriers especially under pathological conditions, such as stroke. Deciphering the cell surface signature and the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathophysiological process holds promise for improving the targeted delivery of systemic injected cells to the injured brain. In this review, we describe experimental approaches that have already been developed in which (i) cells are either engineered to express cell surface proteins mimicking infiltrating immune cells; or (ii) cell grafts are preconditioned with hypoxia or incubated with pharmacological agents or cytokines. Modified cell grafts can be complemented with strategies to temporarily increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Although these approaches could significantly enhance homing of stem cells into the injured brain, cell entrapment in off-target organs remains a non-negligible risk. Recent developments in safety-switch systems, which enable the precise elimination of transplanted cells on the administration of a drug, represent a promising strategy for selectively removing stem cells stuck in untargeted organs. In sum, the techniques described in this review hold great potential to substantially improve efficacy and safety of future cell therapies in stroke and may be relevant to other brain diseases.
Quantitative myelin imaging with MRI and PET: an overview of techniques and their validation status
Authors: van der Weijden Chris W J , Biondetti Emma , Gutmann Ingomar W , Dijkstra Hildebrand , McKerchar Rory , de Paula Faria Daniele , de Vries Erik F J , Meilof Jan F , Dierckx Rudi A J O , Prevost Valentin H , Rauscher Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMyelin is the protective sheath wrapped around axons, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with water between the wraps. The measurement of damage to the myelin sheaths, the evaluation of the efficacy of therapies aiming to promote remyelination and monitoring the degree of brain maturation in children all require non-invasive quantitative myelin imaging methods. To date, various myelin imaging techniques have been developed. Five different MRI approaches can be distinguished based on their biophysical principles: (i) imaging of the water between the lipid bilayers directly (e.g. myelin water imaging); (ii) imaging the non-aqueous protons of the phospholipid bilayer directly with ultra-short echo-time techniques; (iii) indirect imaging of the macromolecular content (e.g. magnetization transfer; inhomogeneous magnetization transfer); (iv) mapping of the effects of the myelin sheath’s magnetic susceptibility on the MRI signal (e.g. quantitative susceptibility mapping); and (v) mapping of the effects of the myelin sheath on water diffusion. Myelin imaging with PET uses radioactive molecules with high affinity to specific myelin components, in particular myelin basic protein. This review aims to give an overview of the various myelin imaging techniques, their biophysical principles, image acquisition, data analysis and their validation status.
IL-2-based approaches to Treg enhancement
Authors: Harris Ffion , Berdugo Yoana Arroyo , Tree Timothy 
Published: November 2022

SummaryImmune homeostasis is heavily dependent on the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which act to suppress the activation of many immune cell types including autoreactive conventional T cells. A body of evidence has shown that Tregs are intrinsically defective in many common autoimmune diseases, and gene polymorphisms which increase the susceptibility of autoimmune disease development have implicated the interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway as a key dysregulated mechanism. IL-2 is essential for Treg function and survival, and Tregs are highly sensitive to low levels of this cytokine in their environment. This review will revisit the rationale behind using low-dose IL-2 as a therapy to treat autoimmune diseases and evaluate the outcomes of trials to date. Furthermore, novel engineered IL-2 therapies with increased Treg specificity have shown promise in pre-clinical studies and human clinical trials for some agents have begun. Future studies will determine whether low-dose IL-2 or engineered IL-2 therapies can change the course of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in patients.