bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic studies of copper adsorption on mesoporous alginate beads using an integrated approach of fractal‐like kinetic reaction and diffusion modeling
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti S. , Watwe Varuna S. , Kulkarni Sunil D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe kinetics of Cu(II) adsorption on calcium alginate (AL) beads was elucidated using reaction‐based and diffusion models. In the present work, the fractal psuedo first‐order kinetic model has been used in combination with the Vermeulen diffusion model. The Cu(II) adsorption parameters were optimized by batch adsorption studies. The AL beads were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDAX), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area analysis. BET studies indicated beads to be mesoporous. The combined studies using fractal reaction and diffusion models helped to trace the path of mass transport of the Cu(II) ions from the bulk of the solution onto the surface of the bead and into the porous mass of the beads. The use of the fractal approach enabled us to determine the heterogeneity of the bead surface and hence gave a better insight into the understanding of the sorption phenomenon. The adsorption rate constants calculated using the equations for the “Fractal” and “Classical” adsorption kinetic models were drastically different, thus pointing toward the explicit need to model the data using diffusion kinetic models attributing to surface heterogeneity. Such combined studies may result in a better understanding of the adsorption of Cu(II) on the AL beads.
Use of metal oxide semiconductor sensors to measure methane in aquatic ecosystems in the presence of cross‐interfering compounds
Authors: Butturini Andrea , Fonollosa Jordi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring dissolved methane in aquatic ecosystems contributes significantly to advancing our understanding of the carbon cycle in these habitats and capturing their impact on methane emissions. Low‐cost metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) gas sensors are becoming an increasingly attractive tool to perform such measurements, especially at the air–water interface. However, the performance of MOS sensors in aquatic environmental sciences has come under scrutiny because of their cross‐sensitivity to temperature, moisture, and sulfide interference. In this study, we evaluated the performance and limitations of a MOS methane sensor when measuring dissolved methane in waters. A MOS sensor was encapsulated in a hydrophobic extended polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to impede contact with water but allow gas perfusion. Therefore, the membrane enabled us to submerge the sensor in water and overcome cross‐sensitivity to humidity. A simple portable, low‐energy, flow‐through cell system was assembled that included an encapsulated MOS sensor and a temperature sensor. Waters (with or without methane) were injected into the flow cell at a constant rate by a peristaltic pump. The signals from the two sensors were recorded continuously with a cost‐efficient microcontroller. Tests specifically focused on the effect of water temperature and sulfide interference on sensor performance. Our experiments revealed that the lower limit of the sensor was in the range of 0.1–0.2 μmol L−1 and that it provided a stable response at water temperatures in the range of 18.5–28°C. Dissolved sulfide at a concentration of 0.4 mmol L−1 or higher interfered with the sensor response, especially at low methane concentrations (0.5 μmol L−1 or lower). However, we show that if dissolved sulfide is monitored, its interference can be alleviated.
Mass spectrometry for the study of adipocyte cell secretome in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Gianazza Erica , Brioschi Maura , Eligini Sonia , Banfi Cristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdipose tissue is classically considered the primary site of lipid storage, but in recent years has garnered appreciation for its broad role as an endocrine organ, capable of remotely signaling to other tissues to alter their metabolic program. The adipose tissue is now recognized as a crucial regulator of cardiovascular health, mediated by the secretion of several bioactive products, with a wide range of endocrine and paracrine effects on the cardiovascular system. Thanks to the development and improvement of high‐throughput mass spectrometry, the size and components of the human secretome have been characterized. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in mass spectrometry‐based studies of the cell and tissue secretome for the understanding of adipose tissue biology, which may help to decipher the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system, and their possible clinical translation.
Prevalence and Incidence of Huntington's Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Medina Alex , Mahjoub Yasamin , Shaver Larry , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe incidence and prevalence of Huntington's disease (HD) based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 20 studies published from 1985 to 2010 was estimated at 0.38 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–0.94) and 2.71 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 1.55–4.72), respectively. Since 2010, there have been many new epidemiological studies of HD. We sought to update the global estimates of HD incidence and prevalence using data published up to February 2022 and perform additional analyses based on study continent. Medline and Embase were searched for epidemiological studies of HD published between 2010 and 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using a quality assessment tool. Estimated pooled prevalence or incidence was calculated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. A total of 33 studies published between 2010 and 2022 were included. Pooled incidence was 0.48 cases per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI, 0.33–0.63). Subgroup analysis by continent demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of HD in Europe and North America than in Asia. Pooled prevalence was 4.88 per 100,000 (95% CI, 3.38–7.06). Subanalyses by continent demonstrated that the prevalence of HD was significantly higher in Europe and North America than in Africa. The minor increase in prevalence (more so than incidence) demonstrated in this updated review could relate to the enhanced availability of molecular testing, earlier diagnosis, increased life expectancy, and de novo mutations. Limitations include variable case ascertainment methods and lacking case validation data. © 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Public Health Agency of Canada.
A method for measuring B0 field inhomogeneity using quantitative double‐echo in steady‐state
Authors: Barbieri Marco , Chaudhari Akshay S. , Moran Catherine J. , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Kogan Feliks 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop and validate a method for mapping for knee imaging using the quantitative Double‐Echo in Steady‐State (qDESS) exploiting the phase difference () between the two echoes acquired. Contrary to a two‐gradient‐echo (2‐GRE) method, depends only on the first echo time.MethodsBloch simulations were applied to investigate robustness to noise of the proposed methodology and all imaging studies were validated with phantoms and in vivo simultaneous bilateral knee acquisitions. Two phantoms and five healthy subjects were scanned using qDESS, water saturation shift referencing (WASSR), and multi‐GRE sequences. maps were calculated with the qDESS and the 2‐GRE methods and compared against those obtained with WASSR. The comparison was quantitatively assessed exploiting pixel‐wise difference maps, Bland–Altman (BA) analysis, and Lin's concordance coefficient (). For in vivo subjects, the comparison was assessed in cartilage using average values in six subregions.ResultsThe proposed method for measuring inhomogeneities from a qDESS acquisition provided maps that were in good agreement with those obtained using WASSR. values were 0.98 and 0.90 in phantoms and in vivo, respectively. The agreement between qDESS and WASSR was comparable to that of a 2‐GRE method.ConclusionThe proposed method may allow B0 correction for qDESS mapping using an inherently co‐registered map without requiring an additional B0 measurement sequence. More generally, the method may help shorten knee imaging protocols that require an auxiliary map by exploiting a qDESS acquisition that also provides measurements and high‐quality morphological imaging.
High variation between healthcare professionals in nutrition therapy plans of patients with feeding tubes admitted to a long‐term rehabilitation center from an acute‐care hospital
Authors: Marom Pnina , Rayyan‐Assi Hana'a , Stein‐Reisner Orit , Brik Michael , Gershoni‐Kait Michal , Bornstein Lee , Zalcman Beth G. , Albukrek Dov , Dankner Rachel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutrition therapy plans (NTPs) in discharge summaries of tube‐fed patients transferred from acute‐care hospitals to rehabilitation centers are fundamental for continuity of care. This study examined the presence and quality of NTPs in discharge summaries of tube‐fed patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on data retrieved from electronic medical records. The outcome measures were the presence of NTPs in discharge summaries, the presence of key elements of the NTPs, and the level of compatibility between multiple NTPs per discharge summary prepared by different health professionals. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the number of NTPs, the presence of key elements, and the degree of compatibility between NTPs for the same patient.ResultsA total of 100 discharge summaries of tube‐fed patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital during 2015–2017 were identified. The majority (91%) of discharge summaries included at least one NTP; 57 included more than one. Variance in the presence of key elements was observed in 165 NTPs prepared by physicians, nurses, and dietitians. Water amount and nutrition route were least reported by dietitians (6.3% and 9.4%, respectively), compared with physicians (77.6% and 81%) and nurses (77.3% and 62.7%). However, nutrition details were reported more frequently by dietitians (65.6%) than physicians (20.7%) and nurses (32%). Low compatibility was observed between dietitians and both nurses and physicians, in the range of 0%–26%.ConclusionLarge discrepancies were found between NTPs for the same patient prepared by dietitians, physicians, and/or nurses, and a portion of patients arrived without any NTP.
Numerical analysis on the energy absorbing characteristics of aluminum/CFRP hybrid tubes under quasi‐static crushing loading
Authors: Ge Fei , Lin Yuan , Wang Mingyang , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhang Fukai , Li Cong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the axial crushing behavior of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) hybrid tubes are systematically investigated numerically based on a three‐dimensional (3D) progressive damage model. Experiments concerning hybrid tubes with 1/1 and 2/1 lay‐up configurations are performed first to validate the numerical model. Then, the effects of chamfer at the end, stacking configuration, aluminum‐CFRP bonding state and thickness ratio of individual layers on the energy absorption characteristics of aluminum/CFRP tubes are further numerically analyzed. The simulation results suggest that the 3D progressive damage model can effectively simulate the crushing failure process and reveal the energy dissipation mechanism of aluminum/CFRP hybrid tube under crushing. It is observed that increasing the thickness of the CFRP layer does not promote the energy absorption, but the best energy absorption effect can be obtained by using a 1:1 ratio for the thicknesses of the inner and outer aluminum alloy layers in 2/1 hybrid tube. Finally, the economic performance of 2/1 hybrid tube, 1/1 hybrid tube, and aluminum alloy tube as energy‐absorbing structures is theoretically examined. The balance between mass and cost of the 2/1 hybrid tube is proven to be evidently better than that of the conventional 1/1 hybrid tube.
Analysis of thermal‐active bending and cyclic tensile shape memory mechanism of UHMWPE/CNT composite
Authors: Zhang Run , Yan Wenqiang , Yang Qun , Chen Xiaonong , Chen Ke , Ding Yun , Xue Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe exploitation of shape memory ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) can expand the application field as an intelligent material; however, low shape recovery ratio limits its further practical application. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used to improve shape memory property of UHMWPE. Interestingly, after analyzing the bending and cyclic tensile shape memory properties of UHMWPE/CNT composite, it is found that bending shape memory property of UHMWPE/CNT composite is improved dramatically, while cyclic tensile shape memory property is not. The optimal bending shape memory property with shape fixity ratio of more than 95% and shape recovery ratio of about 94% can be obtained at 115°C. However, the shape recovery ratio in cyclic tensile shape memory test is only changed from 62.72% to 65.63%, and the shape fixity ratio is reduced from 85.82% to 82.83%. The main reason for this phenomenon is the possible difference in thermal‐active bending and cyclic tensile shape memory mechanism: CNT engender forced deformation in bending shape memory, while it does not exhibit in cyclic tensile shape memory. The outstanding bending shape memory property of UHMWPE/CNT composite make it possible for more promising applications.
Mapping established psychopathology scales onto the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Authors: Wendt Leon P. , Jankowsky Kristin , Schroeders Ulrich ,   London Personality and Mood Disorder Research Consortium, Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter , Montague P. Read , Zimmermann Johannes , Olaru Gabriel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) organizes phenotypes of mental disorder based on empirical covariation, offering a comprehensive organizational framework from narrow symptoms to broader patterns of psychopathology. We argue that established self‐report measures of psychopathology from the pre‐HiTOP era should be systematically integrated into HiTOP to foster cumulative research and further the understanding of psychopathology structure. Hence, in this study, we mapped 92 established psychopathology (sub)scales onto the current HiTOP working model using data from an extensive battery of self‐report assessments that was completed by community participants and outpatients (N = 909). Content validity ratings of the item pool were used to select indicators for a bifactor‐(S‐1) model of the p factor and five HiTOP spectra (i.e., internalizing, thought disorder, detachment, disinhibited externalizing, and antagonistic externalizing). The content‐based HiTOP scales were validated against personality disorder diagnoses as assessed by standardized interviews. We then located established scales within the taxonomy by estimating the extent to which scales reflected higher‐level HiTOP dimensions. The analyses shed light on the location of established psychopathology scales in HiTOP, identifying pure markers and blends of HiTOP spectra, as well as pure markers of the p factor (i.e., scales assessing mentalizing impairment and suspiciousness/epistemic mistrust).
Exploring the limits of toughness enhancers for 3D printed photopolymers as bone replacement materials
Authors: Dellago Barbara , Altun Altan Alpay , Liska Robert , Baudis Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVinyl esters (VEs) are well‐examined monomers for additive manufacturing technology in tissue engineering. They display benefits like low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and favorable degradation behavior. Nevertheless, mechanical properties of crosslinked VEs are poor, as they show high brittleness. A previous study showed, that covalent incorporation of high molecular weight additive into an established vinyl ester‐thiol network circumvents these problems. In this work, additives based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) are modified with photopolymerizable end groups to improve the mechanical properties focusing on the toughness and to allow the application in digital light processing stereolithography. The different toughness enhancing additives and their influence on the photochemical and (thermo)mechanical characteristics are studied. As well, the impact of a commercial, flexible and a synthesized rigid thiol on these properties are investigated. It was shown that without forfeiting photoreactivity, the covalently incorporated toughness enhancers led to materials with excellent mechanical properties, above all the tensile toughness, which could be tripled.
A Bayesian phase I/II design to determine subgroup‐specific optimal dose for immunotherapy sequentially combined with radiotherapy
Authors: Guo Beibei , Zang Yong , Lin Li‐Hsiang , Zhang Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSequential administration of immunotherapy following radiotherapy (immunoRT) has attracted much attention in cancer research. Due to its unique feature that radiotherapy upregulates the expression of a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, novel clinical trial designs are needed for immunoRT to identify patient subgroups and the optimal dose for each subgroup. In this article, we propose a Bayesian phase I/II design for immunotherapy administered after standard‐dose radiotherapy for this purpose. We construct a latent subgroup membership variable and model it as a function of the baseline and pre‐post radiotherapy change in the predictive biomarker measurements. Conditional on the latent subgroup membership of each patient, we jointly model the continuous immune response and the binary efficacy outcome using plateau models, and model toxicity using the equivalent toxicity score approach to account for toxicity grades. During the trial, based on accumulating data, we continuously update model estimates and adaptively randomize patients to admissible doses. Simulation studies and an illustrative trial application show that our design has good operating characteristics in terms of identifying both patient subgroups and the optimal dose for each subgroup.
Spanning the information divide between gynaecologic surgeons and women—We can do better
Authors: Shim Sarah R. , Gordon Annabelle J. , Barnes Hayley C. , Whiteside James L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHysterectomy is one of the most common surgeries in the United States. However, there are differences in patient outcomes that can, in part, be attributed to inconsistent quality across gynecologic surgeons. Currently, surgeon quality is poorly defined and infrequently analysed. Surgeon volume is not an independent predictor of patient outcome and, while convenient, is limited across relevant factors such as appropriateness and cost. Summarising these diverse factors as a singular quality metric is elusive. Patients cannot meaningfully access physician quality, putting them in a vulnerable state that is characterised by the concept of information asymmetry. Despite the limitations of current surgeon quality metrics, there are surgeon performance characteristics that could be shared. Organising and sharing these data with women facing a gynaecologic surgery like hysterectomy are a professional duty of health systems, professional medical societies, surgeons and training institutions.
Robust adaptive tracking control for a class of switched time‐delay systems with application of vehicle roll dynamic control
Authors: Bagherzadeh Masoud , Rahmani Zahra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe problems of stability and robust tracking control for a class of switched nonlinear systems with uncertain input and state delays are investigated in this study. In the presence of unknown functions and external disturbances, an adaptive fuzzy technique based on nonlinear disturbance observer is used to counteract the effects of external disturbances and approximate unknown functions. For this purpose, it is first assumed that a common Lyapunov function exists for the switched system, and then a new common Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is built using the terms of the hypothetical common Lyapunov function. By employing this new function, the delay‐dependent input‐to‐state stability (ISS) under an arbitrary switching signal is provided. The robust tracking control problem for this system is investigated next. Finally, to assure ISS and robust tracking performance, an adaptive control law is developed that ensures conditions of the aforementioned hypothetical common Lyapunov function. In addition, to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy, the aforesaid method is applied to a vehicle roll dynamic as well as a mass‐spring system.
Cascade Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy observer design for nonlinear uncertain systems with unknown inputs: A sliding mode approach
Authors: Nguyen Cuong M. , Nguyen Anh‐Tu , Delprat Sébastien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the design of Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model‐based observers for nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties and unknown inputs. To address this challenging problem, two observers are constructed in cascade. Based on the sliding mode technique, the first observer allows to examine a new system whose both state and output equations are subject to uncertainties but without unknown inputs. The second Luenberger‐type observer is designed for the new system where the effects of uncertainties on the estimation error can be canceled. The TS fuzzy observer design is recast as optimization problems under linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved using convex optimization technique. The new cascade observer structure enables a simultaneous estimation of the system states, the unknown inputs and the uncertainties of the original nonlinear system. The effectiveness and advantage of the proposed estimation method is demonstrated via two numerical examples including a nonlinear vehicle application.
Photothermal Therapy of Neuroblastoma via Polysialic Acid‐Targeting Nanomissiles
Authors: Xu Shuxin , Zhao Menghuan , Gu Zikuan , Lu Haifeng , Liu Zhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExploring new targets and developing novel targeted therapies are urgently needed for neuroblastoma therapy. Polysialic acid (polySia), a linear homopolymer of sialic acid units that correlates well with tumor progression and poor prognosis, has emerged as a potential target for neuroblastoma. However, the lack of polySia‐specific binding reagents has severely limited the development of polySia‐targeting therapeutics for neuroblastoma. Herein, the construction of polySia‐targeting nanomissiles via molecular imprinting for the photothermal therapy of neuroblastoma is reported. Oligosialic acid (oligoSia) containing 3–4 units is considered as a characteristic structure for the recognition of polySia, while oligoSia containing 4–7 units digested from polySia is employed as the template. Via boronate‐affinity controllable oriented surface imprinting, oligoSia‐imprinted nanoparticles (oSia‐MIP) are prepared. The oSia‐MIP allows for specifically recognizing polySia and targeting polySia overexpressed neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. oSia‐MIP loaded with indocyanine green is prepared and experimentally demonstrated to be a potent targeted photothermal therapeutic for neuroblastoma. Equipping the core substrate with functional entities, the developed polySia targeting nanoplatform can be accommodated to various therapeutic modalities, holding great promise for neuroblastoma targeted therapy.