bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Potential for a Personalized Medicine Approach to Smoking Cessation With an American Indian Tribe
Authors: Carroll Dana Mowls , Murphy Sharon , Meier Ellen , Rhodes Kristine , Dorr Casey , Braaten Greg , Jacobson Pamala A , Frizzell Linda , Tyndale Rachel F , Hatsukami Dorothy , Hernandez Carol 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
A potential precision medicine approach to smoking cessation is tailoring pharmacotherapy to a biomarker known as the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR). Little is known about the potential impact and acceptability of this approach for American Indian (AI) persons.

Aims and Methods
Tribal-academic collaboration was formed and during 2019–2020 AI adults who smoke(N = 54) were recruited to (1) examine correlations between NMR, dependence, and smoking exposure; (2) assess the extent to which pharmacotherapy preference aligned with NMR-informed recommendations; (3) explore acceptability of NMR-informed pharmacotherapy selection. Participants provided samples for assessment of salivary NMR and urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and completed a questionnaire that assessed cigarettes per day (CPD), Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), pharmacotherapy preference, and perceptions of NMR-informed pharmacotherapy selection.

Results
Significant positive correlations were observed between NMR and FTCD (r = 0.29;p = .0383) and its abbreviated version Heaviness of Smoking Index (HIS) (r = 0.28;p =.0426). Post-hoc analyses suggest that relationships between dependence and NMR were driven by time to first cigarette. Nonsignificant, but directionally consistent, relationships were observed between NMR and CPD (r = 0.21; p =0.1436) and TNE (r = 0.24;p = .2906). Most participants preferred nicotine replacement therapy (71%) over varenicline (29%) and preference for pharmacotherapy matched NMR-based recommendations in 54% of participants. NMR-informed pharmacotherapy selection was supported by 62% of participants.

Conclusion
In a sample of AI adults who smoke, NMR was related to cigarette dependence and about one-half of participants’ pharmacotherapy preference matched their NMR-informed recommendation. There was lower acceptability of NMR-informed approach in this sample of AI adults than prior studies among white or black/African American people who smoke.

Implications
Relationships between NMR, dependence, and self-preference for pharmacotherapy suggest that NMR-informed pharmacotherapy selection may have potential for enhancing smoking quitting success in this Tribe. Lower acceptability of NMR-informed pharmacotherapy in this Tribe suggests that this approach may not be equitably utilized. Future work could include identifying community-driven solutions to mitigate precision medicine concerns.
Reducing the Joy Deficit in Sociology: A Study of Transgender Joy
Authors: Shuster Stef M , Westbrook Laurel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Joy is a crucial element of people’s everyday lives that has been understudied by sociologists. This is particularly true for scholarship about transgender people. To address what we term a joy deficit in sociology, we analyze 40 in-depth interviews with trans people in which they were asked what they find joyful about being trans. Their responses demonstrate the methodological and theoretical importance of asking about joy. Four main themes emerged from the interviews. First, interviewees easily answered the question about joy. Second, contrary to common assumptions, we found that transgender people expressed joy in being members of a marginalized group and said that they preferred being transgender. Third, embracing a marginalized identity caused the quality of their lives to improve, increasing self-confidence, body positivity, and sense of peace. Finally, being from a marginalized group facilitated meaningful connections with other people. Our findings demonstrate a vital need to address the joy deficit that exists in the sociological scholarship on transgender people specifically, and marginalized groups more generally. Bridging the sociology of knowledge and narratives, we show how accentuating joy offers nuance to understandings of the lived experiences of marginalized people that has been absent from much of sociological scholarship.
NADPH and xanthine oxidases control induction of inflammatory mediator expression by organic dust in the lung
Authors: Meganathan Velmurugan , Hamilton Cory E. , Natarajan Kartiga , Keshava Shiva , Boggaram Vijay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExposure to organic dust in animal and agricultural farms and the ensuing lung inflammation are linked to the development of respiratory diseases. We found previously that elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by aqueous poultry organic dust extract (hereafter referred to as dust extract) mediates induction of proinflammatory mediators in airway epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated whether ROS generated by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) controls induction of inflammatory mediators by dust extract and the underlying mechanisms in bronchial epithelial cells. Using chemical inhibitors and siRNA targeted knockdown, we found that NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and XO‐derived ROS regulates induction of proinflammatory mediator levels. Like airway epithelial cells in vitro, NOX inhibitor VAS2870 reduced keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), IL‐6, and TNF‐α production and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) staining induced by dust extract in mouse lungs. VAS2870 inhibition of proinflammatory mediators was associated with reduced NFκB and Stat3 activation indicating that NOX generated ROS activates NFκB and Stat3 to induce proinflammatory gene expression. Dust extract increased the membrane association of p47phox in airway epithelial cells indicating NOX2 activation but had no effect on NOX2 protein levels. In summary, our studies have shown that NOX and XO generated ROS control organic dust induction of proinflammatory mediators in airway epithelial cells via NFκB and Stat3 activation.
Acyl‐CoA:wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 modulates the cone visual cycle in mouse retina
Authors: Widjaja‐Adhi Made Airanthi K. , Kolesnikov Alexander V. , Vasudevan Sreelakshmi , Park Paul S.‐H. , Kefalov Vladimir J. , Golczak Marcin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe daylight and color vision of diurnal vertebrates depends on cone photoreceptors. The capability of cones to operate and respond to changes in light brightness even under high illumination is attributed to their fast rate of recovery to the ground photosensitive state. This process requires the rapid replenishing of photoisomerized visual chromophore (11‐cis‐retinal) to regenerate cone visual pigments. Recently, several gene candidates have been proposed to contribute to the cone‐specific retinoid metabolism, including acyl‐CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2, aka MFAT). Here, we evaluated the role of AWAT2 in the regeneration of visual chromophore by the phenotypic characterization of Awat2−/− mice. The global absence of AWAT2 enzymatic activity did not affect gross retinal morphology or the rate of visual chromophore regeneration by the canonical RPE65‐dependent visual cycle. Analysis of Awat2 expression indicated the presence of the enzyme throughout the murine retina, including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells. Electrophysiological recordings revealed reduced maximal rod and cone dark‐adapted responses in AWAT2‐deficient mice compared to control mice. While rod dark adaptation was not affected by the lack of AWAT2, M‐cone dark adaptation both in isolated retina and in vivo was significantly suppressed. Altogether, these results indicate that while AWAT2 is not required for the normal operation of the canonical visual cycle, it is a functional component of the cone‐specific visual chromophore regenerative pathway.
Adaptive increases in respiratory capacity and O2 affinity of subsarcolemmal mitochondria from skeletal muscle of high‐altitude deer mice
Authors: Dawson Neal J. , Scott Graham R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAerobic energy demands have led to the evolution of complex mitochondrial reticula in highly oxidative muscles, but the extent to which metabolic challenges can be met with adaptive changes in physiology of specific mitochondrial fractions remains unresolved. We examined mitochondrial mechanisms supporting adaptive increases in aerobic performance in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) adapted to the hypoxic environment at high altitude. High‐altitude and low‐altitude mice were born and raised in captivity, and exposed as adults to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (12 kPa O2 for 6–8 weeks). Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria were isolated from the gastrocnemius, and a comprehensive substrate titration protocol was used to examine mitochondrial physiology and O2 kinetics by high‐resolution respirometry and fluorometry. High‐altitude mice had greater yield, respiratory capacity for oxidative phosphorylation, and O2 affinity (lower P50) of subsarcolemmal mitochondria compared to low‐altitude mice across environments, but there were no species difference in these traits in intermyofibrillar mitochondria. High‐altitude mice also had greater capacities of complex II relative to complexes I + II and higher succinate dehydrogenase activities in both mitochondrial fractions. Exposure to chronic hypoxia reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission in high‐altitude mice but not in low‐altitude mice. Our findings suggest that functional changes in subsarcolemmal mitochondria contribute to improving aerobic performance in hypoxia in high‐altitude deer mice. Therefore, physiological variation in specific mitochondrial fractions can help overcome the metabolic challenges of life at high altitude.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of tree nut and seed allergy
Authors: Labrosse Roxane , Graham François , Caubet Jean-Christoph 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Tree nut (TN) and seed allergies are frequent, and their prevalence appears to be on the rise. Allergic reactions associated with these foods are more frequently severe, and these allergies tend to persist into adulthood, consequently affecting quality of life. In this review, we summarize recent advances in diagnostic modalities and management strategies for TN/seed-allergic patients.

Recent findings
Clinical manifestations of TN and seed allergy range from asymptomatic sensitization to severe anaphylactic reactions. The use of emerging diagnostic tools such as component resolved diagnostics (CRD) and the basophil activation test (BAT) can help better predict clinical reactivity, the latter being currently reserved for research settings. Strict avoidance of all TN is generally not required, as most patients can tolerate select TN despite co-sensitization. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising alternative treatment instead of complete avoidance of culprit allergens, as it can safely increase the allergy threshold.

Summary
Our recent understanding of co-reactivity between various TN and seeds has shaped management opportunities, including select TN introduction and optimization of OIT, two strategies which may improve quality of life. There is a need for better minimally invasive diagnostic methods for TN and seed allergy, with CRD and BAT being promising tools.
Comparison of the Wii Balance Board System and Foam Posturography System in Assessing Postural Balance
Authors: Huang Chuan-Ching , Hung Hsiang-Hsuan , Jaw Fu-Shan , Young Yi-Ho 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Falls are a major cause of disability and mortality in the elderly. Postural balance is associated with falls and can be evaluated by posturography. However, conventional posturography is costly and requires a sufficiently large space to perform. Hence, this study developed a portable system to meet the requirement of field studies, and investigated its reliability and validity.

Design:
A custom-written software application was developed to link a computer to the Nintendo Wii balance board (WBB) and the center of pressure was acquired, which was then compared with that obtained from commercially available foam posturography (FP). Forty younger adults including 20 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders as well as 20 healthy controls, and 50 older patients with peripheral vestibular disorders were enrolled. All subjects underwent postural balance testing using the WBB system (WBSS) and FP system (FPS) in a randomized order.

Results:
For the intersystem reliability, although the WBSS obtained a significantly smaller mean sway area than the FPS, both systems revealed adequate to excellent reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.67 to 0.87. The WBBS showed adequate to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.53 to 0.88). For the validity, the respective cutoff sway areas were 1.03 and 3.09 cm2 under conditions C and D via the WBBS for discriminating the fallers from nonfallers.

Conclusion:
The WBBS yielded adequate to excellent reliability and validity for accessing postural balance, and had good performance in discriminating the fallers from nonfallers. The WBBS has advantages over the commercial FPS of low cost, easy portability, programmability, and may be better-suited to mass detection and research programs. Most importantly, this WBBS can be performed outside the hospital for testing postural balance, especially in the elderly.
Bridging the Racial Divide
Authors: Dockery Tajuane H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
Recent civil unrest has proven that positive role models are essential to help bridge the nation's racial divide. Nurses are primed to be among these role models as trusted and respected healthcare professionals. Nursing's code of ethics defines nurses' moral obligations to respect all people and advocate for justice. Christian nurses face a higher calling: to love one's neighbors as themselves. This article explores the application of a Christian worldview of Fawcett's metaparadigm of nursing as a foundation for nurses to extend the love of Christ and promote racial healing.
Enhancing the Cultural Competence of Baccalaureate Nursing Students Through Short-term Study Abroad Programs
Authors: Nourse Somer Rae 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of baccalaureate nursing students on a short-term study abroad program to Peru and the effect on baccalaureate nursing student cultural competence. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using student pretravel and posttravel journals. The major themes of advocacy, ethnocentric shift, and cultural competence emerged after the study abroad program. Results of this study will be used to inform and improve future study abroad programs to prepare students for a career caring for diverse clients.
Blood Pressure Screening in Faith Communities
Authors: Sailors Ronnette , Saint Debra , Ayer Nicole 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
There is a direct relationship between elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, so screening for elevated blood pressure is an essential nursing activity. This quality improvement project involving faith community nurses (FCNs) in 24 congregations and other sites tracked readings of blood pressures taken, referrals made, and education sessions provided during a 21-month period. Surveys revealed the project increased participants' awareness about screenings, FCN services, and evidence-based protocols, in addition to identifying high-risk congregants for care and treatment.
Embedding Financial Services in Frequented, Trusted Settings: Building on Families' Pre-existing Economic Mobility Efforts
Authors: Alexander Savannah P. , Kim Inhye (Cellina) , Hatcher Cyndie , Suh Hyun Soo , Ha Yoonsook , Marcil Lucy E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The aim of this study was to understand parents'/guardians' experiences and aspirations around economic mobility and their impact on the acceptability and use of financial services embedded in frequented, trusted settings such as schools and pediatric clinics.

Method:
We recruited 18 English-speaking guardians with at least 1 child enrolled in a school for low-income families and eligible for Internal Revenue Service-sponsored free tax preparation. Each participant completed a semistructured interview before tax filing; a subset completed follow-up interviews. We used grounded theory analysis.

Results:
We developed the following theoretical model based on our key thematic findings to describe the acceptability and use of financial services within the context of guardians' lived experiences and pre-existing efforts to build economic mobility: Families experience multilevel barriers to economic mobility. Despite these barriers, guardians are proactively working to build economic mobility by empowering the next generation with knowledge, skills, and assets and resiliently pursuing economic goals. As a result, guardians will accept empowering, nonjudgmental, expert, and trustworthy financial services that contribute to their existing efforts. To move from acceptance to use, financial services must be effectively publicized, accessible, and supportive.

Conclusion:
Financial services may be more acceptable and used if they are embedded in trusted organizations and have expert, supportive staff with lived experience who empower guardians to work toward their economic goals, accessible platforms, and effective publicity. These characteristics may facilitate uptake and economic mobility. Trusted organizations serving young families can partner with financial services to test these findings and help families build economic mobility.
Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Sexual Function and Fibrosis of the Clitoral and Vaginal Tissues in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Zhuang Chenchen , Yi Guozi , Wang Wenjuan , Sun Runmin , Qi Miaomiao , Yu Jing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Female sexual dysfunction is common in hypertension. The effects of sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) as a potential therapy for hypertension and heart failure have not been studied in relation to sexual function and genital fibrosis in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Thirty female SHRs were administered VAL, SAC/VAL, or saline. Ten normotensive female Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats were included in the control group. We assessed estrous cyclicity and sexual behavior in the female rats. In addition, the morphology of clitoral and vaginal tissues was evaluated by histological analyses. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the levels of fibrotic markers in vaginal and clitoral tissues. Furthermore, the protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and AKT expression were measured by Western blotting. SAC/VAL treatment improved hypertension-induced sexual dysfunction, exhibited as a prolonged estrus phase, increased receptivity and proceptive events, and decreased aggressive events, compared with those of VAL treatment and control SHRs without treatments. In addition, SAC/VAL-treated SHRs had lower levels of fibrotic markers, estradiol, and estrogen receptor α/β than the levels of VAL-treated SHRs or SHRs without treatment. Moreover, SAC/VAL decreased p-PTEN expression and increased p-PI3K and p-AKT expression at the protein level compared with those in VAL treatment alone. VAL and SAC/VAL treatments have significantly increased sexual receptivity and proceptivity, decreased aggressiveness, and improved the fibrosis of vaginal and clitoral tissues in female SHRs. However, SAC/VAL treatment shows more effective results compared with VAL treatment, which may be related to the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Ameliorative Role of Fluconazole Against Abdominal Aortic Constriction–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Shoieb Sherif M. , Alammari Ahmad H. , Levasseur Jody , Silver Heidi , Dyck Jason R. B. , El-Kadi Ayman O. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, through the formation of cardiotoxic metabolites named as mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Recently, we have demonstrated that fluconazole decreases the level of mid-chain HETEs in human liver microsomes, inhibits human recombinant CYP1B1 activity, and protects against angiotensin II–induced cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential cardioprotective effect of fluconazole against cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups such as sham control rats, fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks, intraperitoneal) sham rats, AAC rats, and fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg) AAC rats. Baseline and 5 weeks post-AAC echocardiography were performed. Gene and protein expressions were measured using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The level of mid-chain HETEs was determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Echocardiography results showed that fluconazole significantly prevented AAC-induced left ventricular hypertrophy because it ameliorated the AAC-mediated increase in left ventricular mass and wall measurements. In addition, fluconazole significantly prevented the AAC-mediated increase of hypertrophic markers. The antihypertrophic effect of fluconazole was associated with a significant inhibition of CYP1B1, CYP2C23, and 12-LOX and a reduction in the formation rate of mid-chain HETEs. This study demonstrates that fluconazole protects against left ventricular hypertrophy, and it highlights the potential repurposing of fluconazole as a mid-chain HETEs forming enzymes' inhibitor for the protection against cardiac hypertrophy.