bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI tractography reveals the human olfactory nerve map connecting the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb
Authors: Kurihara Sho , Tei Masayoshi , Hata Junichi , Mori Eri , Fujioka Masato , Matsuwaki Yoshinori , Otori Nobuyoshi , Kojima Hiromi , Okano Hirotaka James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe olfactory nerve map describes the topographical neural connections between the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb. Previous studies have constructed the olfactory nerve maps of rodents using histological analyses or transgenic animal models to investigate olfactory nerve pathways. However, the human olfactory nerve map remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that high-field magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography can be used to visualize olfactory sensory neurons while maintaining their three-dimensional structures. This technique allowed us to evaluate the olfactory sensory neuron projections from the nasal cavities to the olfactory bulbs and visualize the olfactory nerve maps of humans, marmosets and mice. The olfactory nerve maps revealed that the dorsal-ventral and medial-lateral axes were preserved between the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in all three species. Further development of this technique might allow it to be used clinically to facilitate the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction.
Pyroptosis correlates with tumor immunity and prognosis
Authors: Lou Xiaoying , Li Kexin , Qian Benheng , Li Yiling , Zhang Donghong , Cui Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPyroptosis, as a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death, plays an important role in multiple cancers. However, the diagnostic and prognostic values of pyroptosis and its interaction with tumor immunity in pan-cancer are still unclear. Here, we show an elevated general expression of 17 pyroptosis-associated genes of tumor patients with high-immune-activity and a reduced pyroptosis in low-immune-activity tumors. Moreover, pyroptosis is positively correlated with immune infiltration and immune-related signatures across 30 types of cancer. Furthermore, our experimental data suggest that pyroptosis directly modulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines. We generate a pyroptosis score model as a potential independent prognostic indicator in melanoma patients. Interestingly, 3 of pyroptosis-associated genes including CASP1, CASP4 and PYCARD, can predict the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for patients with melanoma. Our study demonstrates that pyroptosis correlates with tumor immunity and prognosis, might be used as a potential target for immune therapy.
Language Impairment in Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Girolamo Teresa , Rice Mabel L. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Little is known about the specific nature of language abilities of autistic adolescents and young adults with language impairment (LI), limiting our knowledge of developmental trajectories and ability to develop efficacious speech/language supports. An important first step is establishing proof of concept of identification of LI in this population, with considerations for feasibility of assessment. This research note describes such a study in a sample of autistic adolescents and young adults with LI.

Method:
Thirteen autistic adolescents and young adults completed an assessment protocol of age-referenced language and nonverbal cognitive assessments. Assessment took place once per year for 3 years; the first two assessments were conducted in person, and the final was conducted online due to the pandemic. All assessments included measures of overall language and morphosyntax; the third added measures of expressive and receptive vocabulary, verbal working memory, and nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ). Analysis included descriptives and comparison of individual performance with epidemiological criteria for LI.

Results:
All participants qualified for LI, with overall receptive and expressive language scores persistently in the LI range. Other outcomes were variable. Some participants had nonword repetition and vocabulary abilities within age expectations, and some consistently showed adultlike morphosyntactic performance. NVIQ was variable, with no consistent associations with language outcomes.

Discussion:
Our findings support the use of the current protocol, as implemented in person or online, to identify LI in autistic adolescents and young adults. This exploratory work is limited by a small sample and missing data. The findings contribute to our understanding of linguistic strengths and variability in the language skills of autistic young adults with LI.
The solar photospheric silicon abundance according to CO5BOLD
Authors: Deshmukh S. A. , Ludwig H.-G. , Kučinskas A. , Steffen M. , Barklem P. S. , Caffau E. , Dobrovolskas V. , Bonifacio P. 
Published: September 2022

Context. In this work, we present a photospheric solar silicon abundance derived using CO5BOLD model atmospheres and the LINFOR3D spectral synthesis code. Previous works have differed in their choice of a spectral line sample and model atmosphere as well as their treatment of observational material, and the solar silicon abundance has undergone a downward revision in recent years. We additionally show the effects of the chosen line sample, broadening due to velocity fields, collisional broadening, model spatial resolution, and magnetic fields.
Aims. Our main aim is to derive the photospheric solar silicon abundance using updated oscillator strengths and to mitigate model shortcomings such as over-broadening of synthetic spectra. We also aim to investigate the effects of different line samples, fitting configurations, and magnetic fields on the fitted abundance and broadening values.
Methods. CO5BOLD model atmospheres for the Sun were used in conjunction with the LINFOR3D spectral synthesis code to generate model spectra, which were then fit to observations in the Hamburg solar atlas. We took pixel-to-pixel signal correlations into account by means of a correlated noise model. The choice of line sample is crucial to determining abundances, and we present a sample of 11 carefully selected lines (from an initial choice of 39 lines) in both the optical and infrared, which has been made possible with newly determined oscillator strengths for the majority of these lines. Our final sample includes seven optical Si i lines, three infrared Si i lines, and one optical Si ii line.
Results. We derived a photospheric solar silicon abundance of log εSi = 7.57 ± 0.04, including a −0.01 dex correction from Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) effects. Combining this with meteoritic abundances and previously determined photospheric abundances results in a metal mass fraction Z/X = 0.0220 ± 0.0020. We found a tendency of obtaining overly broad synthetic lines. We mitigated the impact of this by devising a de-broadening procedure. The over-broadening of synthetic lines does not substantially affect the abundance determined in the end. It is primarily the line selection that affects the final fitted abundance.
Dynamical characterization of galaxies up toz∼ 7
Authors: Rizzo F. , Kohandel M. , Pallottini A. , Zanella A. , Ferrara A. , Vallini L. , Toft S. 
Published: September 2022

Context.The characterization of the dynamical state of galaxies up toz ∼ 7 is crucial for constraining the mechanisms that drive the mass assembly in the early Universe. However, it is unclear whether the data quality of typical observations obtained with current and future facilities is sufficient to perform a solid dynamical analysis at these redshifts.Aims.This paper defines the angular resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) required for a robust characterization of the dynamical state of galaxies up to the Epoch of Reionization. The final aim is to help design future spatially resolved surveys targeting emission lines of primeval galaxies.Methods.We investigate the [C II]-158 μm emission from sixz ∼ 6 − 7 Lyman break galaxies at three different inclinations from the SERRAzoom-in cosmological simulation suite. The SERRAgalaxies cover a range of dynamical states: from isolated disks to major mergers. We create 102 mock observations with various data quality and apply the kinematic classification methods commonly used in the literature. These tests allow us to quantify the performances of the classification methods as a function of angular resolution and S/N.Results.We find that barely resolved observations, typical of line detection surveys, do not allow the correct characterization of the dynamical stage of a galaxy, resulting in the misclassification of disks and mergers in our sample by 100 and 50%, respectively. However, even when using spatially resolved observations with data quality typical of high-zgalaxies (S/N ∼ 10, and ∼3 independent resolution elements along the major axis), the success rates in the merger identification of the standard kinematic classification methods, based on the analysis of the moment maps, range between 50 and 70%. The high angular resolution and S/N needed to correctly classify disks with these standard methods can only be achieved with current instrumentation for a select number of bright galaxies. We propose a new classification method, called PVsplit, that quantifies the asymmetries and morphological features in position-velocity diagrams using three empirical parameters. We test PVsplit on mock data created from SERRAgalaxies, and show that PVsplit can predict whether a galaxy is a disk or a merger provided thatS/N ≳ 10, and the major axis is covered by ≳3 independent resolution elements.
Is There a Place for Family-centered Cesarean Delivery during Placenta Accreta Spectrum Treatment?
Authors: Nieto-Calvache Albaro José , Hidalgo Alejandra , Maya Juliana , Sánchez Beatriz , Blanco Luisa Fernanda , Sinisterra-Díaz Stiven Ernesto , Benavides-Calvache Juan Pablo , Padilla Iván , Aldana Ivonne , Jaramillo Martha , Gómez Ana Maria , Castillo Angela María Olarte , Bryon Adriana Messa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a cause of massive obstetric hemorrhage and maternal mortality. The application of family-centered delivery techniques (FCDTs) during surgery to treat this disease is infrequent. We evaluate the implementation of FCDTs during PAS surgeries.
Methods This was a prospective, descriptive study that included PAS patients undergoing surgical management over a 12-month period. The patients were divided according to whether FCDTs were applied (group 1) or not (group 2), and the clinical outcomes were measured. In addition, hospital anesthesiologists were surveyed to evaluate their opinions regarding the implementation of FCDTs during the surgical management of PAS.
Results Thirteen patients with PAS were included. The implementation of FCDTs during birth was possible in 53.8% of the patients. The presence of a companion during surgery and skin-to-skin contact did not hinder interdisciplinary management in any case.
Conclusion Implementation of FCDTs during PAS care is possible in selected patients at centers with experience in managing this disease.
Endocannabinoid-dependent formation of columnar axonal projection in the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Itami Chiaki , Uesaka Naofumi , Huang Jui-Yen , Lu Hui-Chen , Sakimura Kenji , Kano Masanobu , Kimura Fumitaka 
Published: September 2022

Columnar structure is one of the most fundamental morphological features of the cerebral cortex and is thought to be the basis of information processing in higher animals. Yet, how such a topographically precise structure is formed is largely unknown. Formation of columnar projection of layer 4 (L4) axons is preceded by thalamocortical formation, in which type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) play an important role in shaping barrel-specific targeted projection by operating spike timing-dependent plasticity during development (Itami
et al.
,
J. Neurosci.
36, 7039–7054 [2016]; Kimura & Itami,
J. Neurosci.
39, 3784–3791 [2019]). Right after the formation of thalamocortical projections, CB1Rs start to function at L4 axon terminals (Itami & Kimura,
J. Neurosci.
32, 15000–15011 [2012]), which coincides with the timing of columnar shaping of L4 axons. Here, we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) plays a crucial role in columnar shaping. We found that L4 axon projections were less organized until P12 and then became columnar after CB1Rs became functional. By contrast, the columnar organization of L4 axons was collapsed in mice genetically lacking diacylglycerol lipase α, the major enzyme for 2-AG synthesis. Intraperitoneally administered CB1R agonists shortened axon length, whereas knockout of CB1R in L4 neurons impaired columnar projection of their axons. Our results suggest that endocannabinoid signaling is crucial for shaping columnar axonal projection in the cerebral cortex.
Combinatorial clustering of distinct DNA motifs directs synergistic binding ofCaenorhabditis elegansdosage compensation complex to X chromosomes
Authors: Fuda Nicholas J. , Brejc Katjuša , Kruesi William S. , Ralston Edward J. , Bigley Rachel , Shin Aram , Okada Miki , Meyer Barbara J. 
Published: September 2022

Organisms that count X-chromosome number to determine sex utilize dosage compensation mechanisms to balance X-gene expression between sexes. Typically, a regulatory complex is recruited to X chromosomes of one sex to modulate gene expression. A major challenge is to determine the mechanisms that target regulatory complexes specifically to X. Here, we identify critical X-sequence motifs inCaenorhabditis elegansthat act synergistically in hermaphrodites to direct X-specific recruitment of the dosage compensation complex (DCC), a condensin complex. We find two DNA motifs that collaborate with a previously defined 12-bp motif called MEX (motif enriched on X) to mediate binding: MEX II, a 26-bp X-enriched motif and Motif C, a 9-bp motif that lacks X enrichment. Inserting both MEX and MEX II into a new location on X creates a DCC binding site equivalent to an endogenous recruitment site, but inserting only MEX or MEX II alone does not. Moreover, mutating MEX, MEX II, or Motif C in endogenous recruitment sites with multiple different motifs dramatically reduces DCC binding in vivo to nearly the same extent as mutating all motifs. Changing the orientation or spacing of motifs also reduces DCC binding. Hence, synergy in DCC binding via combinatorial clustering of motifs triggers DCC assembly specifically on X chromosomes. Using an in vitro DNA binding assay, we refine the features of motifs and flanking sequences that are critical for DCC binding. Our work reveals general principles by which regulatory complexes can be recruited across an entire chromosome to control its gene expression.
ETpathfinder: a cryogenic testbed for interferometric gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Utina A , Amato A , Arends J , Arina C , de Baar M , Baars M , Baer P , van Bakel N , Beaumont W , Bertolini A , van Beuzekom M , Biersteker S , Binetti A , ter Brake H J M , Bruno G , Bryant J , Bulten H J , Busch L , Cebeci P , Collette C , Cooper S , Cornelissen R , Cuijpers P , van Dael M , Danilishin S , Diksha D , van Doesburg S , Doets M , Elsinga R , Erends V , van Erps J , Freise A , Frenaij H , Garcia R , Giesberts M , Grohmann S , Van Haevermaet H , Heijnen S , van Heijningen J V , Hennes E , Hennig J-S , Hennig M , Hertog T , Hild S , Hoffmann H-D , Hoft G , Hopman M , Hoyland D , Iandolo G A , Ietswaard C , Jamshidi R , Jansweijer P , Jones A , Jones P , Knust N , Koekoek G , Koroveshi X , Kortekaas T , Koushik A N , Kraan M , van de Kraats M , Kranzhoff S L , Kuijer P , Kukkadapu K A , Lam K , Letendre N , Li P , Limburg R , Linde F , Locquet J-P , Loosen P , Lueck H , Martínez M , Masserot A , Meylahn F , Molenaar M , Mow-Lowry C , Mundet J , Munneke B , van Nieuwland L , Pacaud E , Pascucci D , Petit S , Van Ranst Z , Raskin G , Recaman P M , van Remortel N , Rolland L , de Roo L , Roose E , Rosier J C , Ryckbosch D , Schouteden K , Sevrin A , Sider A , Singha A , Spagnuolo V , Stahl A , Steinlechner J , Steinlechner S , Swinkels B , Szilasi N , Tacca M , Thienpont H , Vecchio A , Verkooijen H , Vermeer C H , Vervaeke M , Visser G , Walet R , Werneke P , Westhofen C , Willke B , Xhahi A , Zhang T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The third-generation (3G) of gravitational wave observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer, aim for an improvement in sensitivity of at least a factor of ten over a wide frequency range compared to the current advanced detectors. In order to inform the design of the 3G detectors and to develop and qualify their subsystems, dedicated test facilities are required. ETpathfinder prototype uses full interferometer configurations and aims to provide a high sensitivity facility in a similar environment as ET. Along with the interferometry at 1550 nm and silicon test masses, ETpathfinder will focus on cryogenic technologies, lasers and optics at 2090 nm and advanced quantum-noise reduction schemes. This paper analyses the underpinning noise contributions and combines them into full noise budgets of the two initially targeted configurations: (1) operating with 1550 nm laser light and at a temperature of 18 K and (2) operating at 2090 nm wavelength and a temperature of 123 K.
Kinetics of inherent processes counteracting crystallization in supercooled monatomic liquid
Authors: Galimzyanov B N , Yarullin D T , Mokshin A V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Crystallization of supercooled liquids is mainly determined by two competing processes associated with the transition of particles (atoms) from liquid phase to crystalline one and, vice versa, with the return of particles from crystalline phase to liquid one. The quantitative characteristics of these processes are the so-called attachment rate

g

+

and the detachment rate

g

−

, which determine how particles change their belonging from one phase to another. In the present study, a correspondence rule between the rates

g

+

and

g

−

as functions of the size N of growing crystalline nuclei is defined for the first time. In contrast to the well-known detailed balance condition, which relates

g

+

(
N
)

and

g

−

(
N
)

at

N
=

n
c

(where n

c
is the critical nucleus size) and is satisfied only at the beginning of the nucleation regime, the found correspondence rule is fulfilled at all the main stages of crystallization kinetics (crystal nucleation, growth and coalescence). On the example of crystallizing supercooled Lennard–Jones liquid, the rate

g

−

was calculated for the first time at different supercooling levels and for the wide range of nucleus sizes

N
∈
[

n
c

;
40

n
c

]

. It was found that for the whole range of nucleus sizes, the detachment rate

g

−

is only

≈

2

% less than the attachment rate

g

+

. This is direct evidence that the role of the processes that counteract crystallization remains significant at all the stages of crystallization. Based on the obtained results, a kinetic equation was formulated for the time-dependent distribution function of the nucleus sizes, that is an alternative to the well-known kinetic Becker–Döring–Zeldovich–Frenkel equation.
Efficiency improvement of GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes embedded with Ag NPs into a periodic arrangement of nano-hole channel structure by ultra close range localized surface plasmon coupling
Authors: Du Zaifa , Chen Enguo , Feng Hongjuan , Qian Fengsong , Xiong Fangzhu , Tang Penghao , Guo Weiling , Song Jibin , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Sun Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
NH-μLED, namely a micro light-emitting diode structure with nano-holes dug all the way through the active region, is designed to make silver nanoparticles in extremely close contact with the quantum wells for improving the coupling between the localized surface plasmon and the quantum wells (LSP-QWs coupling) and thus enhancing the optical properties of the μLED. The experimental results show that, thanks to this deep nanohole structure, the LSP-QWs coupling can be realized effectively, which ultimately increases the optical performance of the μLED. The internal quantum efficiency of the NH-μLED filled with silver nanoparticles is increased by 12%, and the final optical output power is also enhanced. We have further carried out a comparison study which measures the transient lifetime of two different types of μLEDs, and the results provide convincing evidence for the existence of the ultra close range LSP-QWs coupling effect.
Porous engineering of CoS2/N-doped carbon polyhedra anode for durable lithium-ion battery
Authors: Zhang Zehao , Chen Jingyu , Li Haibo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, the porous CoS2/N-doped carbon polyhedra (P-CoS2/CP) has been developed by employing ZIF-67 as the template for durable lithium-ion battery anode. The as-prepared P-CoS2/CP exhibits the novel dodecahedron structure filling with nanopores and CoS2 nanoparticles. As compared to CoS2/CP (122 m2 g−1), the P-CoS2/CP possesses the higher specific surface area of 367 m2 g−1, which benefits to enlarge the electrode-electrolyte contact area and promote the Li+ diffusion dynamics at high current density. On the other hand, the CoS2 nanoparticles are firmly wrapped by the carbon skeleton which can effectively suppresses the volume expansion of CoS2 during the charging/discharging process. Besides, the N-doping enable to improve the conductivity of CP. As a result, the initial discharge capacity of P-CoS2/CP at 0.1 A g−1 is 1484.7 mAh g−1 with the coulombic efficiency of 48.9%. After 100 cycles, the reversible capacity stabilized at 726.2 mAh g−1. Even the current density increases to 2.0 A g−1, a high reversible capacity of 353.7 mAh g−1 can still be achieved, realizing the good rate capability. The superior Li+ performance of P-CoS2/CP is attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique multi-space structure and the high chemical activity of CoS2. Moreover, the Li+ diffusion coefficient of P-CoS2/CP is 4.52 × 10−6 to 1.98 × 10−11 cm2 s−1, which is higher than that of CoS2/CP (1.45 × 10−9 to 5.23 × 10−11 cm2 s−1), highlighting the significance of porous engineering.