bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further notes on J. R. R. Tolkien’s photostats of The Equatorie of the Planetis (MS Peterhouse 75.I)
Authors: Cossio Andoni 
Published: July 2022

Andoni Cossio proposes in a recent article the addition of The Equatorie of the Planetis (c. 1393) in MS Peterhouse 75.I to
“Section A” of Oronzo Cilli’s Tolkien’s Library: An Annotated Checklist (2019). However, Cossio fails to specify the folios of MS Peterhouse 75.I to which the photostats in Tolkien VC 277 correspond. A detailed descriptive list of the photostats that J. R. R. Tolkien received from Derek J. Price could be useful in the understanding of the type of assistance Tolkien offered to Price and R. M. Wilson at the time they were preparing an edition of The Equatorie of the Planetis(1955). This note will supply that missing information as well as speculate about the nature of Tolkien’s contribution to the project and its implications. Tolkien devoted considerable attention to the study of Geoffrey Chaucer’s language, and he may have been aware, after careful examination of The Equatorie of the Planetis, that its attribution to Chaucer rested on inconclusive evidence. This view of course would have challenged Price and Wilson’s assumptions and it may explain why we know so little about Tolkien’s involvement.
Real-Time Earthquake Detection and Alerting Behavior of PLUM Ground-Motion-Based Early Warning in the United States
Authors: Saunders Jessie K. , Minson Sarah E. , Baltay Annemarie S. , Bunn Julian J. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Kilb Deborah L. , O’Rourke Colin T. , Hoshiba Mitsuyuki , Kodera Yuki 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine the real-time earthquake detection and alerting behavior of the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM) earthquake early warning (EEW) algorithm and compare PLUM’s performance with the real-time performance of the current source-characterization-based ShakeAlert System. In the United States (U.S.), PLUM uses a two-station approach to detect earthquakes. Once a detection is confirmed, observed modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) distributions are forecast onto a regular grid, in which the preferred alert regions are grid cells with MMI 4.0+ forecasts. Although locations of dense station coverage allow PLUM to detect small (M &lt; 4.5) earthquakes typically not considered for EEW in the U.S., a PLUM detection on a small earthquake does not always generate an alert. This is because PLUM alerts are determined by current shaking distributions. If the MMI 4.0+ shaking subsides prior to detection confirmation by shaking at a second neighboring station, the prior MMI 4.0+ information will not be in the alert forecasts. Of the 432 M 3.0+ U.S. West Coast earthquakes in 2021, 33 produced ground motions large enough to be detected by PLUM. Twenty-four generated MMI 4.0+ PLUM alerts, whereas ShakeAlert issued public EEW alerts for 13 of these earthquakes. We compare PLUM and ShakeAlert alert regions with ShakeMap and “Did You Feel It?” intensity distributions. Because PLUM alert regions surround stations observed to have strong ground motions (regardless of earthquake magnitude), PLUM alerts reliably include locations that experience significant shaking. This is not necessarily the case for ShakeAlert alert regions when there are large errors in magnitude or epicenter estimates. For two of the largest earthquakes in our real-time dataset, the M 6.0 Antelope Valley and M 5.1 Petrolia earthquakes, the inclusion of PLUM would have improved real-time ShakeAlert performance. Our results indicate that incorporation of PLUM into ShakeAlert will improve the robustness of the EEW system.
THE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY TOWARD MANDI SAFAR RITUAL IN AKIT TRIBAL BENGKALIS-RIAU
Authors: Suroyo Suroyo , Putra Bima Maulana , Ratnawati Sri 
Published: July 2022

Mandi Safar (Safar bathing) ritual is a tradition of rejecting reinforcements and a means of gathering for the coastal by Local Malay community in Rupat Island of Riau Province. This is an annual event. The purpose of this research is to show the local Islamic community's bathing Safar rite, which has attracted the attention of many Islamic theology. However, the event creates both benefits and drawbacks among those who support and oppose it. As a result, the goal of this research is to give an overview and analyzing of the influence of Islamic theology toward Mandi Safar ritual. This is a qualitative ethnographic study that highlights the role of researchers as the key instrument in the research process. This research's informants are local communities and their leaders, as well as culture experts, with a total of ten informants residing on Rupat Island. They comprehend the importance of these rites and skills in their everyday lives, as well as the responsibility of local governments in preserving this tradition. Malay culture and the local population of Rupat Island thinks that the month of Safar brings a bala' and ailment, thus they perform the Safar bath ritual, which includes reading chosen letters from the Qur'an, ablution, prayer congratulations, and prayer rejections. Safar bath has its purpose in the month of Safar to get safety and prevent ill luck. The novelty of this research lies in the unveiling the Islamic theology influence toward Safar bathing from the Koran and hadith.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPS SMP/MTs Kelas VIII untuk Melatih Keterampilan Sosial Siswa
Authors: Ana Kamilah  , Abdullah A. Fatikhul Amin 
Published: July 2022

Many students put down Social Studies as boring class, because the learning model is less variable and poor of media. So that the development of learning media in the form of Student Textbooks (Buku Ajar Siswa) is made. The study design using type 4-D (define, design, develop, disseminate) development and research plan one group pretest-posttest design. The collection data method is observation, test, and quetionnaires. in trial of textbook difficulty level in category at very low or very easy to understand and can be regarded as reliable instrument to measure feasibility RPP quality. Average score in each social skill including contributing ideas/opinions, being good listener, and respecting friend’s opinion was 89,69; 90,44; 90,03, which is on very high category. The student response toward components, newness, ease of understand, and practicing social skill of the device obtained percentage in a row was 72,92%, 79,69%, 79,69%, 65,63%, which shows the response of the student is very high. The study concludes that the learning device has high efecctiveness and quality to improve the study result and student’s social skill. Based on this research, so that it can be used by social studies teachers in order to develop devices according to the nature of the material being taught to suit the learning objectives.
India and Spain, two cinematic strangers ten years after Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
Authors: Das Bitasta , López-Díez Jaime 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the relationships between Indian and Spanish film industries. The study focuses on films with the presence of Indian culture in Spanish movies, Spanish culture in Indian movies, the impact of a significant movie in these relationships, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, and the success of Indian movies in the Spanish screens. The methodology has been the review of literature on Indian and Spanish films, as well as an analysis of the data offered by the Spanish Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts. The results show that despite the institutional efforts in both countries, the links remain anecdotical. The relevance of this study is that it shows the contradiction of Indian film industry being one of the biggest in the world, while being mostly unknown, and unexhibited, in Spain.
Intraoperative pleth variability index-based fluid therapy and geriatric gastrointestinal surgical outcomes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Yue , Zheng Jin , WU Caineng , Li Lina , Guo Zhijia , wu xinhai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Postoperative complications have been reported in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgical procedures, despite advancements in surgical and perioperative care. The clinical benefits of pleth variability index-directed fluid management for geriatric gastrointestinal surgical patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy based on the pleth variability index on geriatric gastrointestinal surgical outcomes.Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted in two university teaching hospitals from November 2017 to December 2020. A total of 220 older adults undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomised to the goal-directed fluid therapy group or conventional fluid therapy group (n=110 each). The final analyses included 201 patients (conventional fluid therapy group, n=99; goal-directed fluid therapy group, n=102). The patients received intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy (pleth variability index <13%) or conventional fluid therapy. The primary outcome was composite complications within 30 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were major postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (grades III–IV), time to first flatus, and postoperative length of stay.Results: The total volumes of fluid administered and crystalloid infusion were less in the goal-directed fluid therapy group than in the conventional fluid therapy group (P=0.009 and P=0.007, respectively). Lactate concentrations at the beginning of surgery and at discharge were comparable between the conventional fluid therapy group and the goal-directed fluid therapy group (P=0.675 and P=0.733, respectively). The proportion of patients who died or experienced complications was similar between the conventional fluid therapy group and the goal-directed fluid therapy group (45.5% vs. 48.0%, P=0.713). The proportion of major postoperative complications was higher in the conventional fluid therapy group (25.3% vs. 13.7%, P=0.039). No significant between-group differences in the time to first flatus and postoperative length of stay were identified (P=0.415 and P=0.492, respectively).Conclusions: Among elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy based on the pleth variability index did not reduce the occurrence of composite postoperative complications but was associated with a lower major postoperative complication rate than conventional fluid therapy.Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=20828, Identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-17012220
A novelty co-culture system for Ulcerative Colitis modeling and drug discovery
Authors: Yang Cuiping , Yang Xiaojin , Yang Yanping , Zhang Mengying , Xie Ling , Yu XiaoJun , Cai Boer , Wu Yunlin , Zhang Weiyu , Chen Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The interaction between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and lymphocytes is known to regulate mucosal barrier function, immune responses, and by extension, to play an etiologic role in the development of chronic inflammation in Ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the biologic function of lymphocytes and their relationship with IECs is insufficiently understood. In this study, we report, for the first time, the establishment of 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems of lymphocytes and mouse primary colonic organoids.C57BL/6 mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium to induce acute colonic inflammation. Primary colonic organoids were established from cells isolated from mouse colons. Lymphocytes isolated from spleens by Ficoll density gradient assays. Colonoids and lymphocytes were co-cultured. The effects of the tested drugs on the co-culture system were assayed by Enzyme-linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for inflammatory molecules. Inflammatory stimulation resulted in a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant of the colonoid-lymphocyte organoid system. Treatment with drugs known to be effective in patients with UC demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cytokines. These findings argue that the colonoid-lymphocyte system can be utilized to model inflammation in vitro as well as for drug discovery. To validate these findings, we tested three other drugs. We produced experimental evidence that, indeed, these three drugs also induced a decrease in inflammatory cytokines of varying degrees. We report, for the first time, the successful establishment of a 3D colonoid-lymphocyte system and we validate its ability to predict the anti-inflammatory properties of several small molecules.
Impacts of the complementarity of Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) technologies on multiple dimensions of food (in)security and household resilience: evidence from Ghana
Authors: jinbaani alhassan nuhu nuhu , Wale Edilegnaw Zegeye 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundClimate variability and declining soil fertility continue to affect agricultural productivity and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Food insecurity is much prevalent among crop farmers compared to cash crop and non-farm workers in Ghana. However, limited empirical evidence exists on the role of complementary technologies in improving household food security and resilience. MethodsEmploying two rounds of nationally representative data from Ghana and multinomial endogenous switching regression framework, the study evaluates the effects of adoption of the combinations of ISFM technologies on all the four dimensions of food security and household resilience. ResultsThe results showed that all the ISFM choices positively and significantly affect all the dimensions of food security and household resilience. Joint adoption of the complete ISFM package gives the highest gain in all the dimensions of food security and household resilience, except value of household physical assets. ConclusionsRural development interventions have to focus on the adoption of the complete ISFM package since the adoption of any single ISFM technology or a combination of any two ISFM technologies is associated with minimal impact in terms of household food security and resilience. There should be a consistent awareness creation among policy makers and farmers that multiple technology adoption meets the food security needs of farmers better than adoption of any single improved technology. Input subsidy programs should include organic fertilizers in order to optimize program benefits on all the four dimensions of food security.
Influence of layer Thickness on the Power Conversion Efficiency of Tin Halide-Based Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Gehlot Himanshu , Murugan Sukanya , Pokhriyal Sumit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, perovskite-based solar cell technologies have sparked much interest. Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites (OIHPs) are a type of perovskite that has shown promise in various optoelectronic applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic perovskite materials is improving with new materials development. However, inorganic materials studied in labs have limited PCE. Lead-free tin halide CH3NH3SnX3 shows good PCE. In this work, we study the electrical characteristics of tin halide as a perovskite absorbing layer in planar heterojunction solar cells with the help of GPVDM solar cell simulation software. A comparative study of power conversion efficiency has been done for tin halide of chloride, bromide, and iodide. The effect of electron and hole drift-diffusion, carrier continuity equations in position space to represent charge flow within the device, Poisson's equation, and charge carrier recombination has been studied in detail.
Assessing impacts of land use/land cover changes on the hydrology of Upper Gilgel Abbay watershed using the SWAT model
Authors: Abuhay Wassie , Gashaw Temesgen , Tsegaye Lewoye 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine how land use/land cover (LULC) changes affected the hydrology of the Upper Gilgel Abay watershed which is located in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Landsat pictures (Landsat 5 TM 1986, Landsat ETM + 2003, and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS 2021) were categorized into LULC classes using a technique of supervised classification, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the hydrological implications of LULC changes. During the 1986–2003, the result showed an increase in cultivated land (11.7%) and a decrease in forest (39.6%), shrubland (17.5%), grassland (5.6%), and water bodies. While cultivated land, grassland, and water bodies were decreased woodland and shrubland were grew up between 2003 and 2021. While surface runoff (6%) and water yield (1.8%) were increased groundwater flow (37.9), lateral flow (4.1), soil water (1.85), and evapotranspiration (2.2%) were decreased at a watershed-scale as result of the LULC changes between 1986 and 2003. In contrast, between 2003 and 2021, the average watershed surface runoff and water yield decreased, while lateral flow, groundwater flow, soil water, and evapotranspiration increased, owing to the growth of forest and shrubland and the decline of cultivated land. However, at the sub-watershed scale the impacts of spatio-temporal LULC variations on the investigated hydrological parameters throughout the 1986–2003 and 2003–2021 periods were not in the same direction. The findings point to increase plant cover in the study watershed, as well as the Ethiopian Highlands, as a way to reduce surface runoff and boost groundwater flow and soil water.
Cross-border multi-functional, multi-hazard exposure modelling in Alpine regions
Authors: Pittore Massimiliano , Campalani Piero , Renner Kathrin , Plörer Matthias , Tagliavini Fabrizio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. In this paper we propose an integrated approach to multi-hazard exposure modelling including both static and functional components. The model is based on a homogeneous planar tessellation composed of hexagonal cells, and a graph-like structure which describes the functional connections among the cells. To exemplify the methodology a combination of static (buildings, protective forests), dynamic (population) and functional (road-based transport system) components have been considered together, targeting a ca. 10’000 km² region across Italy and Austria. A cell-based aggregation at 250m resolution and an innovative graph-based simplification allow for a good trade-off between the complexity of the model and its computational efficiency for risk-related applications. Furthermore, aggregation ensures protection of sensitive data at a scale still useful for civil protection. The resulting model can be used for different applications including scenario-based risk analysis and numeric simulation, probabilistic risk assessment, impact forecasting and early warning.
Benchmarking state-of-the-art approaches for norovirus genome assembly in metagenome sample
Authors: Korobeynikov Anton , Meleshko Dmitry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Motivation: A recently published article in BMC Genomics by Fuentes-Trilloet al (2021) contains a comparison of assembly approaches of several Noroviral samples via different tools and preprocessing strategies. Unfortunately the study used outdated versions of tools as well as tools that were not designed for the viral assembly task. In order to improve the suboptimal assemblies authors suggested different sophisticated preprocessing strategies that seem to make onlyminor contributions to the results. We redone the analysis using state-of-the arttools designed for viral assembly. Results: Here we demonstrate that tools from the SPAdes toolkit(rnaviralSPAdes and coronaSPAdes) allows one to assemble the samplesfrom the original study into a single contig without any additional preprocessing.
B21 DNA vaccine expressing ag85b, rv2029c, and rv1738 confers a robust therapeutic effect against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Xu Ying , Weng Shufeng , Zhang Jinyi , Ma Huixia , Zhou Jingyu , Jia Liqiu , Wan Yanmin , Cui Peng , Ruan Qiaoling , Shao Lingyun , Wu Jing , Wang Honghai , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is a notable to accelerate the decline in TB, especially in high-risk populations. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) expression profiles differ at different growth periods, and vaccines’ protective and therapeutic effects may increase when they include antigenic compositions from different periods. To develop a post-exposure vaccine that targets LTBI, we constructed four therapeutic DNA vaccines (A39, B37, B31, and B21) using different combinations of proliferating antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B), PE/PPE family antigens (Rv3425), and latent antigens (Rv2029c, Rv1813c, Rv1738). We compared the immunogenicity of the four DNA vaccines in C57BL/6j mice. The B21 vaccine stimulated the strongest cellular immune response, namely Th1/Th17 and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. It also induced the generation of strengthened effector memory and central memory T cells. In latently infected mice, the B21 vaccine significantly reduced bacterial loads in the spleen and lungs and decreased lung pathology. In conclusion, the B21 DNA vaccine can enhance T cell responses and control reactivation of LTBI.