bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
МОВНА ПІДГОТОВКА ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Ворона Тетяна , Ворона Анна , Ворона Марія 
Published: July 2022

Анотація. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність співпраці Збройних Сил України щодо мовної підготовки з провідними закордонними військовими відомствами й встановлено її роль в зміцненні національної безпеки та оборони України. Узагальнено, що нині у Збройних Силах України сформована ефективна система мовної підготовки, котра забезпечує неперервне вивчення курсантами вищих військових навчальних закладів іноземних мов на всіх етапах підготовки та в процесі виконання професійних обов’язків. Запропоновано аналіз останніх тематичних досліджень і публікацій.
Схарактеризовано особливості реалізації принципу неперервної мовної підготовки як складової навчання військовослужбовців відповідно до освітніх програм США, Великобританії, Канади, Австралії, Австрії та Угорщини. Проаналізовано рівень забезпечення фахівцями з належною мовною підготовкою силових структур досліджуваних країн, встановлено провідні напрями діяльності центрів вивчення іноземних мов, наведено перелік мов, недостатній рівень знання яких перешкоджає своєчасному опрацюванню оперативної інформації. Узагальнено провідні заклади освіти країн, що забезпечують мовну підготовку представників різних видів збройних сил. Окремим предметом аналізу мовної підготовки військовослужбовців обрано: цільову аудиторію, кількість слухачів, форму навчання, тривалість курсів, викладацький склад, методичне та технічне забезпечення. Наведено пріоритетні напрями підвищення якості мовної підготовки згідно з планами керівництва збройних сил Великобританії, що можуть слугувати перспективними векторами розвитку для вітчизняної військової освіти.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kunjungan Antenatal Ibu Hamil
Authors: Pujilestari Intan , Muhaimin Toha 
Published: July 2022

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan barometer pelayanan kesehatan. Salah satu upaya pencegahan AKI adalah dengan melakukan kunjungan antenatal minimal empat kali selama kehamilan, 1 kali pada trimester pertma, 1 kali pada trimester kedua dan 2 kali pada trimester ketiga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal ibu hamil di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sumurbandung, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-3 bulan yang tinggal di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sumurbandung 150 orang. Sampel yang digunakan total sampling. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ibu yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal tidak lengkap sebanyak 64%. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kunjungan antenatal adalah pekerjaan (Pv=0,000; OR=8,011), dukungan suami (Pv=0,001; OR=4,916) dan umur (Pv=0,020; OR=3,277) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel paritas, sikap dan pendidikan. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal adalah pekerjaan. Ibu yang bekerja mempunyai peluang 8 kali lebih besar untuk melakukan kunjungan antenatal. Perlu melibatkan suami dalam melakukan kunjungan antenatal dengan memperhatikan umur, status pekerjaan ibu hamil dalam setiap konseling antenatal.
Enhancement of Chromatin and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Porcine SCNT Embryos—Progresses and Perspectives
Authors: Glanzner Werner Giehl , de Macedo Mariana Priotto , Gutierrez Karina , Bordignon Vilceu 
Published: July 2022

Over the last 25 years, cloned animals have been produced by transferring somatic cell nuclei into enucleated oocytes (SCNT) in more than 20 mammalian species. Among domestic animals, pigs are likely the leading species in the number of clones produced by SCNT. The greater interest in pig cloning has two main reasons, its relevance for food production and as its use as a suitable model in biomedical applications. Recognized progress in animal cloning has been attained over time, but the overall efficiency of SCNT in pigs remains very low, based on the rate of healthy, live born piglets following embryo transfer. Accumulating evidence from studies in mice and other species indicate that new strategies for promoting chromatin and epigenetic reprogramming may represent the beginning of a new era for pig cloning.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Factors Involved in Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Biofilm Formation
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Wang Pengfei , Liu Pingping , Ou Jie 
Published: July 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm poses a serious threat to food safety and human health. However, there is limited knowledge of transcriptional regulatory mechanism during the biofilm formation of this organism. Hence, the RNA sequencing technique was employed to compare the differences in transcriptome profiles between planktonic and biofilm state of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC33847 in this study. Collections of mRNA from planktonic and biofilm cells cultured at 25°C for 36 h were sequenced by studying their biological characteristics. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression levels of 956 genes in biofilms compared with planktonic cells. These differences suggested that two-component regulatory system (TCS) and quorum sensing (QS) regulated V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation by affecting important factors such as flagellar motility, Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, tripartite ATP-independent (TRAP) transport system and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport system. The present work in transcriptomics serves as a basis for future studies examining the complex network systems that regulate bacterial biofilm formation.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Characteristics and Early Recognition
Authors: Shi Maojing , Gao Weibo , Jin Yuebo , Zhu Jihong , Liu Yuansheng , Wang Tianbing , Li Chun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPulmonary thromboembolism is a common disease frequently encountered in the emergency room and has a high mortality rate. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a high-risk factor for recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE). It is critical to effectively administer anticoagulants to avoid the recurrence of thrombotic events. This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics of APS patients with PE (APS-PE) and to develop a risk score for determining the presence of APS in PE patients in the emergency situations.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 76 PE patients in this study, with 46 patients in the APS-PE group and 30 patients in the non-APS-PE group. We compared differences in demographics, laboratory parameters, and early mortality risk between the two groups. Risk factors for APS-PE were screened using logistic regression analysis. We also developed an early risk score using multivariate analysis weighted points proportional to the β- regression coefficient values and calculated the sensitivity and specificity for APS in PE patients.ResultsIn the APS-PE group, we observed a higher proportion of males (43.6 vs. 20%), a higher proportion of low-risk patients (58.7 vs. 10%), lower levels of white blood cells and platelets (PLT), longer activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and a slight increase in D-dimer levels. Patients who were triple positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were younger. The APTT gradually increased as the number of positive aPLs increased. The risk factors for APS included male (OR = 5.565, 95% CI 1.176–26.341), decreased PLT (OR = 0.029, 95% CI 0.003–0.330), slightly increased D-dimer (OR = 0.089, 95% CI 0.019–0.426), and prolonged APTT (OR = 4.870, 95% CI 1.189–19.951). The risk score was named MPDA and included male, PLT, D-dimer and APTT, which can predict APS in PE patients with the AUC at 0.888 (95% CI 0.811–0.965).ConclusionThe risk factors for APS in PE patients are male, low PLT, prolonged APTT and slightly increased D-dimer. The MPDA is a quantitative scoring system which is highly suggestive of APS in PE patients.
Analysis of Clinical Features of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induced Kounis Syndrome
Authors: Wang Chunjiang , Fang Weijin , Song Liying , Deng Zhenzhen , Li Zuojun , Sun Linli 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCurrent knowledge of Kounis syndrome induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is based on case reports. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Kounis syndrome.MethodsCase reports of the NSAIDs-induced Kounis syndrome were analyzed by searching Chinese and English databases from 1 January 1950 to 31 January 2022.ResultsThe median age of the 45 included patients (28 women) was 51 years (20–80 years). NSAIDs that were the most frequently involved were diclofenac (26.7%, 12/45), metamizole (15.6%, 7/45), and aspirin (13.3%, 6/45). Kounis syndrome occurred mainly within 30 min after administration, with a maximum latency of 1 month. Chest pain (75.6%, 34/45), dyspnea (33.3%, 15/45), and allergic reactions (44.4%, 20/45) were the most common clinical manifestations. Thirty patients (66.7%) had an ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. Echocardiogram and coronary angiography showed abnormalities in 21 patients (75%, 21/28) and 15 patients (37.5%, 15/40). Forty-four patients (97.8%) had a good prognosis after treatment with steroids, antihistamines, and vasodilators.ConclusionThe possibility of Kounis syndrome should be considered in the presence of coronary artery disease symptoms when taking NSAIDs. Kounis syndrome can be life-threatening. It is essential to identify and treat Kounis syndrome correctly.
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist Tolerance in Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ramsell Stuart , Arias Bermudez Carlos , Takem Baiyee Cyril Ayuk Mbeng , Rodgers Brandon , Parikh Samir , Almaani Salem , Sharma Nidhi , LoRusso Samantha , Freimer Miriam , Redder Elyse , Bumma Naresh , Vallkati Ajay , Efebera Yvonne , Kahwash Rami , Campbell Courtney M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:Beta-adrenergic antagonists or blockers (BB) are a cornerstone of cardiac therapy for multiple indications. However, BB are considered relatively contraindicated in amyloid cardiomyopathy due to poor tolerance. This intolerance is hypothesized to be due to concomitant neuropathy and significant restrictive cardiomyopathy. This study analyzes the incidence and characteristics of BB tolerance in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy.MethodsThrough a single-center retrospective chart review, patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy, confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy or technetium-99 pyrophosphate scan, were identified and clinical data was collected. Statistical methods included Chi-square test and two sample t-tests.ResultsOf 135 cardiac amyloidosis patients, 27 patients (20.0%) had no BB use, 56 patients (41.5%) were current BB users, and 52 patients (38.5%) were prior BB users. The most frequent indications for BB use were heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmia. The most common reason for stopping BB therapy was hypotension (62.8%) followed by fatigue, bradycardia, and orthostasis. Neurologic symptoms at the initial BB prescription or most recent evaluation were not significantly different between current and prior BB users. Their cardiovascular profiles were similar by ejection fraction, wall thickness, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide. There was no association for BB discontinuation based on amyloid subtype, sex, or race.ConclusionThe majority of patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy were prescribed BB, and over half of these patients still tolerated BB therapy. Current and prior BB users had similar profiles from a cardiovascular and neurologic perspective, with no association identified to predict BB discontinuation.
Experimental Study on Shear Strengths of Ice-Roof Interface Aiming the Study of Roof Snow Sliding
Authors: Cao Xinli , Mo Huamei , Zhang Guolong , Zhang Qingwen , Fan Feng 
Published: July 2022

Snow sliding of roofs is a threat to the structural safety of roof structures by causing a surcharge of local snow load on the lower roof and may pose a serious threat to pedestrians and vehicles on the ground. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of snow sliding on roofs. Under the action of ambient temperature, solar radiation, internal heating of the building, etc., the bottom layer of roof snow is often presented in the form of porous ice after a complicated phase transition of the snow particles. Under this circumstance, the interface between roof snow and the roof can be seen as the contact between porous ice and the roofing material. In order to investigate the initialization of roof snow sliding from the material point of view, the shear performance of the interface between different roofing materials and ice with different porosities was carried out in this study. The effects of different ambient temperatures (−4, −6, and −8°C), different normal stress (0, 50, and 100 kPa), and different ice porosities (represented by the contact area ratio of 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6) on this shear performance were analyzed by direct shear tests. The test results showed that the shear failure between the ice and the roofing material was brittle, and the interface shear strength was affected by the ambient temperature, normal stress, contact area ratio, as well as the material type: the strength increases with the decrease of ambient temperature, the increase of normal stress, the increase of contact area ratio, and the increase of surface roughness of the material. Based on the test results, a quantitative relationship between the interface shear strength and the related factors was given in the article, which provides a useful reference for future experimental or simulation studies on roof snow sliding.
Were Hominins Specifically Adapted to North-Western European Territories Between 700 and 600 ka? New Insight Into the Acheulean Site of Moulin Quignon (France, Somme Valley)
Authors: Moncel Marie-Hélène , Antoine Pierre , Herisson David , Locht Jean-Luc , Hurel Arnaud , Bahain Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2022

Current data seem to suggest that the earliest hominins only occupied the Northwest of Europe during favourable climatic periods, and left the area when the climate was too cold and dry, in the same way as Neandertal and even Homo sapiens. However, several sites in England and the North of France indicate that the earliest hominins, possibly Homo antecessor and/or Homo heidelbergensis, could adapt to cool environments and open grasslands without the use of fire. Recent discoveries of Acheulean lithic assemblages in early glacial fluvial deposits at Moulin Quignon in the Somme Valley in the Northwest of France reveal new knowledge on the earliest occupations in north-western territories and indicate hominins’ capacity to live above the c. 45th N. under a cold climate. The site shows evidence of occupations at the beginning of MIS 16 at around 650–670 ka. These findings bring to the forefront the possible ability, flexibility and resilience of Acheulean hominins at around 700 ka to extend to northern territories during transitional climatic periods (interglacial/glacial events), even if the climate was not fully favourable. Recent fieldwork has changed our interpretation of the timing and characteristics of the earliest Acheulean techno-complexes in Western Europe over a large geographical area, from Northwest Europe to the Mediterranean coast. In Western Europe, the earliest evidence, Moulin Quignon, is now dated to a narrow timeframe, between 700–650 ka, and is the northernmost evidence of biface production. This latter is earlier than British Acheulean records. Based on new findings at Moulin Quignon, we explore whether Acheulean traditions and associated new technological abilities could have facilitated the dispersal of hominins in Western Europe over large territories, regardless of climatic conditions. Changes in behavioural flexibility, and not only phenotypic changes in Homo groups, have to be investigated. Here, we examine the behavioural and technological abilities of hominins in north-western Europe in light of the available environmental data and compare them to those in southern areas between 700 and 600 ka. This event occurred at the end of the “Middle Pleistocene Transition” (MPT), a period marked by cyclical climate changes and vegetation and faunal turnovers (less competition with big carnivores). The extension of the grassland habitat into higher latitudes could have led to the opening and/or closing of migration corridors in these regions, probably favouring hominin expansion depending on tolerance to climate variability.
Incidence, Morbidity and years Lived With Disability due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in 204 Countries and Territories: Trends From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhu Rongrong , Zhou Shan , Xia Liang , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to examine the descriptive epidemiology and trends in the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 dataset. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trends in incidence rate, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with T2DM. Measures were stratified by sex, region, country, age and social development index (SDI) value.ResultsThe global age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM increased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.31). In 2019, the highest age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM was observed in high-SDI regions, and the largest increase in this rate from 1990 to 2019 was also in high-SDI regions (EAPC, 1.74;95% CI, 1.57 to 1.90). At the regional level, Central Asia (EAPC, 2.53;95% CI, 2.45 to 2.61) had the largest increase in the age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM from 1990 to 2019. At the national level, Luxembourg (EAPC, 4.51;95% CI, 4.37 to 4.65) and Uzbekistan (EAPC, 3.63; 95% CI, 3.44 to 3.82) had the largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM from 1990 to 2019. The global age-standardized death and DALY rates increased from 1990 to 2019, with EAPCs of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.37) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.85), respectively. The age-standardized death and DALY rates showed the largest increases in Central Asia, South Asia and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsGlobally, the age-standardized incidence, death and DALY rates increased from 1990 to 2019. Central Asia, South Asia and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa were found to have the greatest burden of T2DM. Future strategies should focus on these high-risk regions and other high-risk populations.
Nitrogen Leaching From Agricultural Soils Under Imposed Freeze-Thaw Cycles: A Column Study With and Without Fertilizer Amendment
Authors: Krogstad Konrad , Gharasoo Mehdi , Jensen Grant , Hug Laura A. , Rudolph David , Van Cappellen Philippe , Rezanezhad Fereidoun 
Published: July 2022

Cold regions are warming faster than the rest of the planet, with the greatest warming occurring during the winter and shoulder seasons. Warmer winters are further predicted to result in more frequent soil freezing and thawing events. Freeze-thaw cycles affect biogeochemical soil processes and alter carbon and nutrient export from soils, hence impacting receiving ground and surface waters. Cold region agricultural management should therefore consider the possible effects on water quality of changing soil freeze-thaw dynamics under future climate conditions. In this study, soil column experiments were conducted to assess the leaching of fertilizer nitrogen (N) from an agricultural soil during the non-growing season. Identical time series temperature and precipitation were imposed to four parallel soil columns, two of which had received fertilizer amendments, the two others not. A 15-30-15 N-P-K fertilizer (5.8% ammonium and 9.2% urea) was used for fertilizer amendments. Leachates from the soil columns were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The results show that thawing following freezing caused significant export of chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) from the fertilizer-amended soils. Simple plug flow reactor model calculations indicated that the high NO3−concentrations produced during the fertilized soil thawing events were due to nitrification of fertilizer N in the upper oxidized portion of the soil. The very low concentrations of NO3−and ammonium in the non-fertilized soils leachates implied that the freeze-thaw cycles had little impact on the mineralization of soil organic N. The findings, while preliminary, indicate that unwanted N enrichment of aquifers and rivers in agricultural areas caused by fall application of N fertilizers may be exacerbated by changing freeze-thaw activity.
A Glycosyltransferase-Related Signature for Predicting Overall Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Huili , Zhao Xiao , Zhu Tingting , Rong Di , Wang Ying , Leng Diya , Wu Daming 
Published: July 2022

Background: Here, we establish a prognostic signature based on glycosyltransferase-related genes (GTRGs) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.Methods: The prognostic signature of GTRGs was constructed via univariate and multivariate Cox analyses after obtaining the expression patterns of GTRGs from the TCGA. A nomogram based on the signature and clinical parameters was established to predict the survival of each HNSCC patient. Potential mechanisms were explored through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, immunotherapy, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) analyses. The expression differences and prognostic efficacy of the signature were verified through the gene expression omnibus (GEO) and several online databases.Results: The prognostic signature was constructed based on five glycosyltransferases (PYGL, ALG3, EXT2, FUT2, and KDELC1) and validated in the GSE65858 dataset. The pathways enriched in the high- and low-risk groups were significantly different. The high-risk group had higher tumor purity; lower infiltration of immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells and Tregs; higher cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration; lower immune function; and lower checkpoint expression. The signature can also be applied to distinguish whether patients benefit from immunotherapy. In addition, the high-risk group had a higher TMB and more gene mutations, including those in TP53, CSMD1, CDKN2A, and MUC17.Conclusion: We propose a prognostic signature based on glycosyltransferases for HNSCC patients that may provide potential targets and biomarkers for the precise treatment of HNSCC.