bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between whey proteins and calcium salts and implications for the formulation of dairy protein‐based nutritional beverage products: A review
Authors: Barone Giovanni , O'Regan Jonathan , Kelly Alan L. , O'Mahony James A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhey‐based nutritional beverages are often fortified with calcium (Ca) in order to deliver the recommended intake of Ca. However, technical and product quality challenges are often experienced with Ca fortification of whey protein‐based nutritional solutions, such as poor heat stability, high viscosity, colloidal instability, and impaired heat transfer. Understanding of the relationships and interactions between whey proteins and Ca relative to liquid process (e.g., ready to feed products, feed material prior to drying) is essential to designing and formulating nutritional whey‐based products with desired physicochemical and colloidal stability properties. This article reviews the interactions between whey proteins and Ca salts used in the formulation of nutritional whey‐based products as well as major processing implications associated with Ca fortification of whey‐based solutions.
An overview of antimicrobial properties of kombucha
Authors: Nyiew Ke‐Ying , Kwong Phek Jin , Yow Yoon‐Yen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKombucha is a traditional beverage of Manchurian origin, typically made by fermenting sugared black or green tea with the symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The beverage has gained increasing popularity in recent years, mainly due to its heralded health benefits. The fermentation process of kombucha also results in the production of various bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential, making it a promising candidate in the exploration of alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, and may be helpful in combating the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Literature survey performed on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed revealed the extensive research that has firmly established the antimicrobial activity of kombucha against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. This activity could be attributed to the synergistic activities of the microbial species in the kombucha microbiota that led to the synthesis of compounds with antimicrobial properties such as acetic acid and various polyphenols. However, research thus far only involved screening for the antimicrobial activity of kombucha. Therefore, there is still a research gap about the molecular mechanism of the kombucha reaction against specific pathogens and its influence on human health upon consumption. Future research may focus on investigating this aspect. Further characterization of the biological activity of the microbial community in kombucha may also facilitate the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins produced by the microorganisms.
Intact cells: “Nutritional capsules” in plant foods
Authors: Xiong Weiyan , Devkota Lavaraj , Zhang Bin , Muir Jane , Dhital Sushil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMacronutrients of pulses or cereals are stored in the cotyledon or endosperm cells with protection from intact cell walls. However, pulses and cereals are generally processed into fine particles during food production. For example, after milling, the macronutrients enclosed in the intact cells are released and are easily accessible to digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to high metabolic responses. Therefore, studies on the health effects of intact cells and developing an alternative ingredient with a higher proportion of intact cells are areas of emerging interest. In this review, we highlighted the smallest unit of whole grain, an individual cell, as "nutritional capsules" and elucidated the structure–function of the nutritional capsules, followed by isolation techniques, as a potential novel functional ingredient and food. The polysaccharides’ monomeric composition, secondary structure, and interactions determine the cell wall properties including the cell detachment during isolation and isolated cell properties. The intact cellular structure is retained after mild food processing and digestion, thereby, contributing to a lower extent/rate of digestion of entrapped macronutrients. Furthermore, the excursed intact capsules in the colonic environment modulate the population and diversity of microbiota, favouring the increased production of the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The structural schematic model of Type‐I and Type‐II cells is developed together with the schematics of the cell wall isolation process. The review provides a critical summary of the recent trends in intact plant cells as a functional‐nutritional food. It paves the way for the industrial production of intact cells as a novel food ingredient.
Reduction strategies for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in processed foods
Authors: Wang Zun , Ng Ken , Warner Robyn Dorothy , Stockmann Regine , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of carcinogenic compounds. PAHs are ubiquitous in the environment and food, thus human beings may be exposed to PAHs through ingestion (water and food), inhalation (air and smoking), and skin contact in daily life. Dietary intake is the major source of exposure to PAHs in humans. Significant and harmful levels of PAHs can be generated during food processing and cooking. Although the formation of PAHs during processing is almost unavoidable, the levels can be diminished with reduction strategies. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying the formation of PAHs and factors influencing their formation in processed foods. The strategy for the reduction of PAHs including change in ingredients (i.e., reducing fat content), pretreatment conditions (i.e., reducing the pH), processing methods and parameters (i.e., reducing processing temperature and time), and packaging and storage conditions, are discussed. Potential novel strategies for PAH reduction are also identified and the feasibility is evaluated.
Preliminary study of gull (Laridae) scavenging and dispersal of vertebrate remains, Shoals Marine Laboratory, Coastal New England
Authors: Pokines James T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe taphonomic effects of avian taxa upon forensic scenes has been little researched, and shore species including gulls (Laridae) have received even less attention, despite their well‐known behavior as scavengers of human food waste. In order to begin assessing their potential impact, a pilot study was undertaken on Appledore Island, Maine, USA, at the Shoals Marine Laboratory. This location was chosen for its isolation from most other vertebrate scavengers and its large, seasonal breeding colonies of gulls, primarily great black‐backed (Larus marinus) and herring (L. argentatus) gulls. Two locations with fresh bones were monitored for scavenging activity, using trail cameras and Tile Mate® tracking chips. In addition, portions of the breeding colonies nesting areas along the rocky coast were surveyed for bones that must have derived at some distance from human‐generated trash sources. All (n = 16) fresh bones underwent dispersal by gulls, with an average distance of 10 m and a maximum distance (in one case) of 85 m. Multiple bones from trash sources were transported a minimum of 150 m if locally acquired and a minimum of 10 km if acquired from the mainland. These bones had a maximum length of 192 mm and mass of 46.0 g. Gulls, with their global distribution, have the potential to be significant dispersers of human skeletal remains and should undergo additional taphonomic research.
Does Media Coverage of Mass Public Shootings Create a Contagion Effect?
Authors: Fox James Alan , Sanders Nathan E. , Fridel Emma E. , Duwe Grant , Rocque Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mass public shootings in the United States have increased in number and severity in recent years, and there has been a corresponding rise in media reporting of such incidents. Does media coverage of these events lead to a short-term increase in the probability of additional shootings? James Alan Fox, Nathan E. Sanders, Emma E. Fridel, Grant Duwe and Michael Rocque investigate
“Covid has Reminded us that Independent Science is Really Important. And Statistics is Part of that” A Conversation with Steve MacFeely
Authors: Tarran Brian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Steve MacFeely is director of data and analytics at the World Health Organization, a post he took up in July 2021, during the second year of the coronavirus crisis. In this interview – part of a series highlighting the work of statisticians throughout the pandemic – he discusses the difficulties of measuring the direct and indirect effects of Covid, disruptions and innovations within national statistical systems, and his hopes – and fears – for the future. By Brian Tarran
The impact of COVID‐19 on new mesothelioma diagnoses in Italy
Authors: Mangone Lucia , Mancuso Pamela , Bisceglia Isabella , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Chellini Elisabetta , Negro Corrado , Benfatto Lucia , Migliore Enrica , Casotto Veronica , Mensi Carolina , Romanelli Antonio , Tumino Rosario , Grappasonni Iolanda , Cavone Domenica , Mazzoleni Guido , Tallarigo Federico , Marinaccio Alessandro ,   ReNaM Working Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the restrictions put in place to control the COVID‐19 pandemic on new diagnoses of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in Italy.MethodsTwelve of the 21 Italian malignant mesothelioma CORs (regional operating centres) participated. The study included all cases of MM with microscopic confirmation; cases without microscopic confirmation and death certificate only (DCO) were excluded. For each case, information on sex, date of birth, tumor site, morphology, and date of diagnosis was retrieved. We compared the number of incident cases in 2020 with 2019, looking at the overall picture and for four periods: pre‐pandemic (January–February), first wave (March–May), low incidence (June–September), and second wave (October–December).ResultsA total of 604 cases were registered: 307 in 2019 and 297 in 2020. In the 2020 pre‐pandemic period, the incidence was higher than in the same months in 2019 (+45%); there was no significant change during the first wave (+1%) or in the low‐incidence period (−3%), while a decrease was observed during the second wave (−32%). However, the data were not homogeneous across the country: the increase in the pre‐pandemic period concerned mostly the regions of northern (+61.5%) and central Italy (+43.5%); during the first wave, MM diagnoses increased in the northern (+38.5%) and central (+11.4%) regions but decreased in the southern regions (−52.9%). All these differences are compatible with random fluctuations.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic had little or no impact on new MM diagnoses, and variations were not homogeneous throughout the country.
A very short Symptom Checklist‐90‐R version for routine outcome monitoring in psychotherapy; The SCL‐3/7
Authors: Timman Reinier , Arrindell Willem A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveRoutine outcome monitoring (ROM) is applied in many physical and mental health treatments. The treatment course is monitored with patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). A potential problem with PROM is response burden. This can be decreased by presenting such measures with less and better selected items. The SCL‐90‐R is an often used PROM for psychotherapies and a number of very short forms have been developed; the SCL‐5, SCL‐8, SCL‐9 and SCL‐10. This study aims to develop a new very short form, the symptom checklist 3 out of 7 (SCL‐3/7) and to evaluate the effectiveness of these PROM with the precision relative to the complete SCL‐90‐R score.MethodsItem Response Theory analysis was applied to select the 7 best discriminating items, evenly distributed over the latent trait. A routing serves that patients only need to administer 3 items.ResultsIn a sample of 15,055 cases, the relative precisions of the SCL‐3/7 were best for outpatients (122.7%), day care patients (111.8%) and inpatients (108.3). The SCL‐5 was best for juvenile patients (110.0%), and the SCL‐9 was best for addicted patients (107.2%).ConclusionThe SCL‐3/7 decreases patient burden in ROM and has a better precision in adult therapies than other SCL‐90 short forms.
Ectopic inner foveal layer as a factor associated with metamorphopsia after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane
Authors: Yanagida Kosei , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Usui Yoshihiko , Umazume Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Kaori , Kawakami Setsuko , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the relationship between the extent of metamorphopsia and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters including the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).MethodsThis study included 63 eyes of 62 patients who underwent PPV for ERM. Metamorphopsia was assessed by measuring the metamorphopsia score for vertical lines (MV) and metamorphopsia score for horizontal lines (MH) using M‐CHARTS. Central retinal thickness (CRT), EIFL thickness and disruption of outer retinal layers were measured before and after surgery, and the relationship of these parameters with metamorphopsia scores at 3 months after vitrectomy was analysed.ResultsPreoperative MV correlated with preoperative CRT and EIFL (p = 0.005 and 0.045 respectively). Postoperative MH correlated with preoperative CRT (p = 0.048), while postoperative MV correlated with preoperative CRT and EIFL (p = 0.002 and 0.0006 respectively). Postoperative MH correlated with postoperative CRT and EIFL (p = 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), and postoperative MV also correlated with postoperative CRT and EIFL (p = 0.0008 and < 0.0001 respectively). MH and MV did not correlate with outer retinal layer disruptions, both before and after vitrectomy. When multiple regression analysis was performed on preoperative and postoperative OCT parameters that correlated with postoperative metamorphopsia scores, only postoperative EIFL was identified as an independent factor associated with postoperative MV (p = 0.042).ConclusionWhen PPV was conducted for ERM, postoperative EIFL was found to be a significant factor associated with postoperative metamorphopsia score.
Improved clinical outcomes in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis in the last decade
Authors: Wennink Roos A.W. , Kalinina Ayuso Viera , Pameijer Els M. , Dekkers Coco C. , Bozkir Irem , de Boer Joke H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to analyse the development of ocular complications and visual prognosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA‐uveitis) compared to the previous decade in the light of new treatment guidelines.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort, 143 patients with JIA‐uveitis were stratified into two cohorts based on the year of diagnosis of uveitis, <2010 (n = 61) and ≥2010 (n = 82). Development of ocular complications and visual outcomes were analysed by univariate and multivariate methods. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and immunomodifying medication (IMT) were documented.ResultsIn total, 109 and 133 affected eyes, respectively, for cohort 1 (<2010) and cohort 2 (≥2010) were included for analysis. In the multivariate analysis with correction for paired eyes, patients in cohort 1 were at higher risk for cataract surgery (p = 0.03) and secondary glaucoma (p = 5.15 × 10−3). Also, the number of eyes that were legally blind and visually impaired at 5 years of follow‐up was significantly higher in cohort 1 (7% versus 2% and 8% versus 0%, p = 0.01 respectively). The number of patients that started IMT was significantly higher in cohort 2 (57% versus 98%, p = 2.17 × 10−6). In cohort 2, both methotrexate and anti‐TNF‐α therapy were prescribed earlier in the disease course (1.41 versus 0.05 years, p = 8.31 × 10−6 and 6.07 versus 1.84 years, p = 5.14 × 10−5 respectively).ConclusionsThe prognosis of JIA‐uveitis has improved during the last decade. There is a reduction in the number of cataract surgeries and secondary glaucoma and fewer patients lose their vision parallel with earlier access to tertiary care and earlier introduction of IMT.
Social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism, and political attitudes toward governmental performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhai Yida , Chong Li Ying , Liu Yunzhe , Yang Shuting , Song Changfa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis research examined the association of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) with the evaluations of the government's anti‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) policies and performance. In Study 1 (N = 261), we found that SDO and RWA were positively associated with resistance to criticism about the government's anti‐COVID‐19 measures. In addition, SDO was positively associated with favorable evaluations of the government's performance in handling the crisis. Support for lockdown policies mediated these attitudes. In Study 2 (N = 438), the results show that SDO and RWA had indirect associations with beliefs in the superiority of China's political system through three mediation variables. Evaluations of the US government's performance in handling the COVID‐19 pandemic were negatively associated with beliefs in the superiority of China's political system, and there was a negative relationship between evaluations of the Chinese and US governments’ performances.
Third dose of COVID‐19 vaccine restores immune response in patients with haematological malignancies after loss of protective antibody titres
Authors: Šušol Ondrej , Hájková Barbora , Zelená Hana , Hájek Roman 
Published: January 2022

SummaryWe have vaccinated 392 patients with two doses of mRNA COMIRNATY vaccine with an overall antibody response of 70% (best in cMPN, worst in CLL). We have then vaccinated 80 patients who did not achieve seroconversion or were low responders with a third dose of COMIRNATY vaccine. Our first results show promise, especially for patients on anti‐CD38 therapy.
Escharotic agents: a Victorian remedy in the 21st century
Authors: Doyle Claire , D'Arcy Clare , Ryan Aisling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 72-year-old woman had a warty growth ‘burnt off’ with a herbal remedy by a local farmer in rural Ireland. We saw the patient a number of years later in clinic and she brought the specimen with her, which was processed by the pathology department. We report her case and some interesting background information regarding escharotic agents.
The occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhou Yuexin , Tian Ruina , Wang Xuening , Sun Jiaxing , Zhu Lin , An Xiaofei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContextThe previous studies showed that hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) occurred commonly in men with type 2 diabetes. However, since all the cohorts tested were from American and European studies, the occurrence of HH/nongonadal illness (NGI) in Chinese populations is unclear.ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the occurrence of HH/NGI in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the correlative factors and predictors of hypogonadism were investigated.DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 637 Chinese men with type 2 diabetes aged 20–75 years in our clinic. The prevalence of HH/NGI was investigated by measuring serum total testosterone (TT), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) in the enrolled subjects. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated by using SHBG and TT levels and hypogonadism was defined as TT lower than 10.4 nmol/L and calculated FT (cFT) lower than 0.225 nmol/L. The LH cut‐off value for defining HH/NGI was 9.4 mIU/ml.ResultsThe results suggested that 31.9% of male Chinese type 2 diabetes patients had hypogonadism and 26.5% of subjects in our cohort were determined as HH/NGI. The occurrence of hypogonadism was markedly correlated with body mass index (BMI). There was a significant association between TT, cFT and SHBG levels with BMI. TT levels are inversely correlated with BMI and homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) while positively related with SHBG. The cFT levels were inversely correlated with age, LH, FSH, BMI and HOMA‐IR. Multiple regression analysis suggested that SHBG, BMI and HOMA‐IR were significant predictors of TT and cFT.ConclusionOur present study offered the first evidence that the occurrence of HH/NGI in Chinese male type 2 diabetes was 26.5%. TT and cFT were significantly correlated with BMI, SHBG and HOMA‐IR in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes.
Rapid assessment of insect pollination services to inform decision‐making
Authors: Ratto Fabrizia , Breeze Tom D. , Cole Lorna J. , Garratt Michael P. D. , Kleijn David , Kunin Bill , Michez Denis , O'Connor Rory , Ollerton Jeff , Paxton Robert J. , Poppy Guy M. , Potts Simon G. , Senapathi Deepa , Shaw Rosalind , Dicks Lynn V. , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPollinator declines have prompted efforts to assess how land‐use change affects insect pollinators and pollination services in agricultural landscapes. Yet many tools to measure insect pollination services require substantial landscape‐scale data and technical expertise. In expert workshops, 3 straightforward methods (desk‐based method, field survey, and empirical manipulation with exclusion experiments) for rapid insect pollination assessment at site scale were developed to provide an adaptable framework that is accessible to nonspecialist with limited resources. These methods were designed for TESSA (Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site‐Based Assessment) and allow comparative assessment of pollination services at a site of conservation interest and in its most plausible alternative state (e.g., converted to agricultural land). We applied the methods at a nature reserve in the United Kingdom to estimate the value of insect pollination services provided by the reserve. The economic value of pollination services provided by the reserve ranged from US$6163 to US$11,546/year. The conversion of the reserve to arable land would provide no insect pollination services and a net annual benefit from insect‐pollinated crop production of approximately $1542/year (US$24∙ha–1∙year–1). The methods had wide applicability and were readily adapted to different insect‐pollinated crops: rape (Brassica napus) and beans (Vicia faba) crops. All methods were rapidly employed under a low budget. The relatively less robust methods that required fewer resources yielded higher estimates of annual insect pollination benefit.