bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidyLarrea tridentatapopulations
Authors: Gerstner Benjamin , Mann Michael , Laport Robert G. , Whitney Kenneth D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyploidy—whole genome duplication—is common in plants. Studies over the last several decades have documented numerous mixed-ploidy populations. Whether arising via recurrent whole genome duplication events within a population, or from secondary contact, the persistence of mixed populations depends on the ability of the minority cytotype to overcome the negative frequency dependent effects of outcrossing with other ploidies, known as Minority Cytotype Exclusion. One mechanism of overcoming Minority Cytotype Exclusion is microbially-mediated niche differentiation (MMND), wherein cytotypes occupy different niches via interactions with different sets of microbes. Inherently cryptic, MMND is underexplored in polyploid plant populations. Here, we search for evidence of MMND in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), a dominant desert shrub of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. We sequenced fungi from rhizosphere soils of diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid plants growing in two naturally-occurring mixed-cytotype populations. Within populations, we found substantial fungal assemblage overlap across host plant cytotypes. However, using indicator species analysis, we identified some fungi that are differentiated by host plant cytotype, satisfying a precondition for MMND. Future study is needed to determine the degree of niche differentiation conferred, if any, and whether the identified fungi play a role in the long-term persistence of multiple cytotypes within populations.
Methadone alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation in human cortical organoids
Authors: Dwivedi Ila , Zhou Dan , Caldwell Andrew B. , Subramaniam Shankar , Haddad Gabriel G. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTOpioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become an epidemic in the United States. Pharmacological interventions for OUD involve methadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic that attenuates withdrawal symptoms and behaviors linked with maternal drug abuse. However, methadone’s ability to readily accumulate in neural tissue, and cause long-term neurocognitive sequelae, has led to concerns regarding its effect on prenatal brain development. We took advantage of human cortical organoid (hCO) technology to probe how this drug impacts the earliest mechanisms giving rise to the cerebral cortex. To this end, we conducted bulk mRNA sequencing of 2-month-old hCOs derived from two cell lines that were chronically treated with a clinically relevant dose of 1μM methadone for 50 days. Differential expression and gene ontology analyses revealed a robust transcriptional response to methadone associated with functional components of the synapse, the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), and cilia. Further unsupervised co-expression network and predictive protein-protein interaction analyses demonstrated that these changes occurred in concert, centered around a regulatory axis consisting of growth factors, developmental signaling pathways, and matricellular proteins. Our results demonstrate that exposure to methadone during early cortico-genesis fundamentally alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation, and that these changes arise by modulating extra-synaptic molecular mechanisms in the ECM and cilia. These findings provide novel insight into methadone’s putative effect on cognitive and behavioral development and a basis for improving interventions for maternal opioid addiction.
African eggplant-associated virus: characterization of a novel tobamovirus identified fromSolanum macrocarponand assessment of its potential impact on tomato and pepper crops
Authors: Giesbers Anne K.J. , Roenhorst Annelien , Schenk Martijn F. , Westenberg Marcel , Botermans Marleen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA novel tobamovirus was identified in a fruit ofSolanum macrocarponimported into the Netherlands in 2018. This virus was further characterized in terms of host range, pathotype and genomic properties, because many tobamoviruses have the potential to cause severe damage in important crops. In the original fruit, two different genotypes of the novel virus were present. The virus was able to infect multiple plant species from theSolanaceaefamily after mechanical inoculation, as well as a member of theApiaceaefamily. These species included economically important crops such as tomato and pepper, as well as eggplant and petunia. Both tomato and pepper germplasm were shown to harbor resistance against the novel virus. Since most commercial tomato and pepper varieties grown in European greenhouses harbor these relevant resistances, the risk of infection and subsequent impact on these crops is likely to be low in Europe. Assessment of the potential threat to eggplant, petunia, and other susceptible species needs further work. In conclusion, this study provides a first assessment of the potential phytosanitary risks of a newly discovered tobamovirus, which was tentatively named African eggplant-associated virus.
Possible Self-awareness in Wild Adélie PenguinsPygoscelis adeliae¶
Authors: Dastidar Prabir Ghosh , Khan Azizuddin , Sinha Anindya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis preliminary study, conducted in January–February 2020, investigates the potential presence of self-awareness in a population of wild Adélie penguins on the Dog’s Neck Ice Shelf and on Svenner Island in East Antarctica. It is based on the responses and reactions of individual penguins to images, generated in mirrors during three experimental paradigms: a group-behaviour test; a modified mirror test and a hidden-head test. We believe that this set of experiments constitutes possibly the first investigations into the potential presence of self-awareness in any penguin species and is pioneering in conducting a set of cognitive experiments on free-ranging individuals of a nonhuman species in its natural environment, without any prior familiarisation, conditioning or acclimatisation to the experimental paradigms employed. Future studies, integrating the socioecology and cognitive ethology of penguins, may provide insights into whether our experimental paradigms could provide evidence to confirm the presence of self-awareness and even of self-recognition in this species and examine whether the observed social awareness may have evolved due to the social needs of individual penguins to engage in cooperative behaviour with conspecific individuals, while maintaining their independent decision-making capacities, throughout their communal lives.
Tax rate motivated profit shifting and base erosion by multinational corporations: Indian evidence
Authors: Gill Suveera , Arora Taruntej Singh , Gandhi Karan 
Published: November 2022

PurposeProfit shifting is a matter of great concern for governments internationally. It leads to the loss of tax revenues and puts multinational corporations (MNCs) in a disparate position. Lately, due to the aggressive stance of the Indian taxman, several Indian MNCs are planning to minimise their tax outflows. This paper aims to study profit-shifting drawing from the institutional theory for the Indian MNCs.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises 679 MNCs listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange or the National Stock Exchange with either Indian parents with foreign subsidiaries (553) or Indian subsidiaries of a foreign parent (126) for FY 2013–14 to FY 2018–19. A fixed-effect panel regression technique was invoked to examine tax rate differential motivated profit-shifting undertaken by MNCs with the moderating effect of international presence and patents.FindingsThe results suggest that MNCs shift their profits to take advantage of differences in global tax rates when they have an international presence in at least five tax countries. Further, profit shifting is likely towards no-tax compared to low-tax countries, with the presence of patents in an MNC group having no significant impact.Originality/valueLosses to the government revenue due to profit shifting by MNCs are rather severe in emerging economies. The study provides the first empirical evidence of the direction of profit shifting with the moderating effect of the extent of global presence and group patents, which would interest scholars in the field. The findings provide valuable insights to the policymakers, highlighting the urgent need to operationalise the general anti-avoidance taxation rules.
Value co-creation in the health-care ecosystem for sustained excellence: realization of patient-centered medicine through task shifting of nurses
Authors: Katsuda Atsushi , Naito Yoshiyuki , Ishihara Toshihiko 
Published: November 2022

PurposeIn Japan, health-care systems have long been supported by physicians' long working hours. To solve this problem, there is an urgent need to improve the working environment for physicians while practicing patient-centered medicine and controlling health-care costs. This paper aims to examine the effect of task shifting to nurses and discuss its usefulness from the perspective of health-care value co-creation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes task shifting to nurses in acute care hospitals in Japan as a solution for the shortage of anesthesiologists. The authors discuss how the value was created from the perspective of the health-care ecosystem, with conceptual consideration of the value co-creation mechanism through patient-centered practices.FindingsThe study showed that task shifting initiatives in Japan can improve the motivation of nurses through human resource development while maintaining high quality. The study also suggested that task shifting from physicians to nurses may contribute to improving net income and maintaining the health-care system.Practical implicationsThe findings are highly reproducible and can be immediately applied to initiatives at other medical institutions in Japan. Furthermore, it is suggested that these findings might provide some perspective on the realignment of fragmented healthcare in the USA.Originality/valueIt was confirmed in practical terms that micro-level initiatives have an impact on the macro level as well. In addition, the academic presentation of the concept has contributed to the deepening of value research.
Evaluating quality management of road construction projects: a Delphi study
Authors: Willar Debby , Trigunarsyah Bambang , Dewi Anak Agung Diah Parami , Makalew Febriane 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThere are various methods to assess the failure of a road construction project that does not meet quality and performance standards. This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the quality management of road construction projects in Indonesia by identifying the critical challenges in implementing quality management processes and examining the countermeasures to address these problems.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the quality management processes in Indonesian road construction projects are evaluated using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative data obtained from two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys as the primary data source, and focus group interviews as the qualitative data are used to achieve the aims of this study.FindingsIt is found that from as early as in the preconstruction stage of a project, the availability of quality standards and documentation is problematic when implementing quality management processes. The critical factor of the quality control activities of a project and the quality management roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders during road construction is the project team. This constraint deals with the interaction of the competency, commitment, and mutual cooperation among the main stakeholders to ensure that quality management processes are implemented. This implementation is a part of controlling the road pavement materials, supervising the project activities according to a specified standard, and reporting the project performance. The findings of this study add parameters relating to quality management and quality processes in a road construction project area.Originality/valueThis study is the first to evaluate the quality management processes in the construction of Indonesian road projects. The investigation identifies and evaluates the causes of the persistence of poor road quality. All revealed constraints are substantial factors that hinder the implementation of quality management processes when delivering quality road products. This study addresses the key influencing factors and scenarios related to quality management during road construction projects in Indonesia and other developing countries as practical examples and provides case-based insights for construction practitioners and civil engineering academics in developed countries.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in Japan: An area of very low endemicity
Authors: Kiyohara Tomoko , Ishii Koji , Satake Masahiro , Matsubayashi Keiji , Suzuki Ryosuke , Sugiyama Ryuichi , Sunagawa Tomimasa , Muramatsu Masamichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has declined significantly worldwide, including in Japan. A nationwide seroepidemiological study on hepatitis A in Japan has taken place almost every 10 years since 1973, and the last study was performed in 2003. In the present study, we describe the latest seroepidemiological pattern of hepatitis A in Japan using 7867 serum specimens obtained from healthy individuals collected between 2013 and 2017, approximately 10 years after the last study. Among them, 223 were anti‐HAV positive. About 68% of individuals aged 60 years and older had anti‐HAV antibodies, whereas only 1.1% of those aged below 60 years old had immunity; thus, almost all individuals younger than 60 years of age were HAV susceptible. In comparison with previous investigations, the susceptible population has increased and aged. According to data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) program, between 1989 and 2016, the proportion of patients with hepatitis A aged 60 years and older continuously increased with each year. The NESID data also suggested that recently, typical large foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis A have become rare, and cases tend to be reported among at‐risk groups; overseas travelers contributed to 25% of hepatitis A cases, and in 2018, the first nationwide hepatitis A outbreak that affected mostly men who have sex with men was reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of HAV infection in Japan, based on both seroepidemiology and the national surveillance data from the NESID.
Psilocin – The “real deal” or an extraction byproduct
Authors: Gutman Ori , Tenne Dana , Bretler Uriel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost illicit drug casework samples at the Israel Police National Drug Laboratory are found to be mixtures of substances. Some are a mixture of an illicit drug with fillers, and others may contain more than one illicit drug. This study was triggered by a routine gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of an unusual casework sample. The sample chromatogram showed a mixture of two illicit drugs, 4‐acetoxy‐DMT and psilocin. Considering the two substances’ similar skeletal structure, the authors wondered whether the sample was indeed a mixture of the two substances, or whether perhaps 4‐acetoxy‐DMT was hydrolyzed to psilocin during the analysis. This study hypothesized that indeed the base used in the pre‐injection sample preparation hydrolyzed the ester group on the 4‐acetoxy‐DMT yielding a hydroxide group. This was tested using several concentrations of ammonium hydroxide and two additional bases – pyridine (a weak base) and sodium hydroxide (a strong base). Results showed that media with a higher pH (induced by the stronger base) yielded a higher psilocin to 4‐acetoxy‐DMT ratio which is compatible with degradation of 4‐acetoxy‐DMT. This study also explored the possibility that psilocin was a byproduct of thermal decomposition of 4‐acetoxy‐DMT and found it thermally stable in the temperature of the GC injection port (200°C). The 4‐acetoxy‐DMT case demonstrates how pre‐injection laboratory procedures can inadvertently modify casework samples. Caution is clearly advisable in selecting reagents and processes in general, and specifically in the case of GC‐MS pre‐injection procedures conducted to analyze substances like the ones in the present study.
Indole analogues decreasing the virulence of Vibrio campbellii towards brine shrimp larvae
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Yang Qian , Defoirdt Tom 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndole signalling has been proposed as a potential target for the development of novel virulence inhibitors to control bacterial infections. However, the major structural features of indole analogues that govern antivirulence activity remain unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the impact of 26 indole analogues on indole‐regulated virulence phenotypes in Vibrio campbellii and on the virulence of the bacterium in a gnotobiotic brine shrimp model. The results demonstrated that 10 indole analogues significantly increased the fluorescence of indole reporter strain Vibrio cholerae S9149, 21 of them decreased the swimming motility of V. campbellii, and 13 of them significantly decreased the biofilm formation of V. campbellii. Further, we found that 1‐methylindole, indene, 2,3‐benzofuran, thianaphthene, indole‐3‐acetonitrile, methyl indole‐3‐carboxylate, 3‐methylindole, and indole‐2‐carboxaldehyde exhibited a significant protective effect on brine shrimp larvae against V. campbellii infection, resulting in survival rates of challenged brine shrimp above 80%. The highest survival of shrimp larvae (98%) was obtained with indole‐3‐acetonitrile, even at a relatively low concentration of 20 μM. Importantly, the indole analogues did not affect bacterial growth, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate the potential of indole analogues in applications aiming at the protection of shrimp from vibriosis.
Thoracoscopic “cut‐through” segmentectomy for small‐sized lung cancer in a deep central location
Authors: Takamori Satoshi , Oizumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Jun , Sato Kaito , Shiono Satoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy for the management of lung lesions is well established. However, the use of subsegmentectomy for deep seated lesions in the upper lobe is difficult because of sufficient surgical margins. Here, we present a patient whose lung lesion was in a deep central area and at the borders of three segments in the upper lobe of the right lung. We used combined subsegmentectomy (S1b + S3a) video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for this small‐sized lung cancer in a deep central location.
PleistoDist: A toolbox for visualising and quantifying the effects of Pleistocene sea‐level change on island archipelagos
Authors: Tan David J. X. , Gyllenhaal Ethan F. , Andersen Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Pleistocene sea‐level change played a significant role in the evolution and assembly of island biotas. The formation of land bridges between islands during Quaternary glacial maxima, when sea levels were more than 120 metres below present‐day sea levels, often facilitated historical dispersal and gene flow between islands that are today geographically disconnected.

Despite the importance of Pleistocene sea‐level change, few software packages exist that model the effects of this phenomenon in a standardised and generalised manner.

Here, we present PleistoDist, an R package that allows users to visualise and quantify the effects of Pleistocene sea‐level change on islands over time, and test multiple temporally explicit hypotheses of inter‐island dispersal and community assembly.

Re‐analysing published datasets, we demonstrate how using PleistoDist to account for historical sea‐level change can provide greater explanatory power when analysing extant island communities, and show how population genetic simulations can be used to generate spatiotemporally explicit neutral expectations of population genetic structure across island archipelagos.
Neurodevelopment in school‐aged children after intrauterine exposure to antipsychotics
Authors: Schrijver Lisanne , Robakis Thalia K. , Kamperman Astrid M. , Bijma Hilmar , Honig Adriaan , van Kamp Inge L. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Bergink Veerle , Poels Eline M. P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveAntipsychotics are increasingly prescribed in pregnancy, yet little is known about potential long‐term developmental effects on children. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal antipsychotic exposure on neurodevelopmental functioning in school‐aged children.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional neurodevelopmental assessment of 91 children aged 6–14 years whose mothers had severe mental illness and were either exposed or unexposed to antipsychotic medication during pregnancy. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using validated neurodevelopmental assessment instruments to examine the child's IQ and global cognitive functioning, and the presence of any psychiatric disorders and/or learning problems in the child was assessed by parental report.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between antipsychotic exposure during pregnancy and either adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (IQ, neuropsychological function), likelihood of psychiatric diagnosis, or learning problems based on parental report. Analyses were likely limited in power to detect subtler differences in neurodevelopmental functioning because of small sample size and heterogeneity of the sample.ConclusionsIn this exploratory cohort study, intrauterine exposure to antipsychotics was not associated with any adverse effect on IQ or neurodevelopmental functioning in a cohort of school‐aged children (6–14 years).
Silencing P38 MAPK reduces cellular senescence in human fetal chorion trophoblast cells
Authors: Goldman Brett , Radnaa Enkhtuya , Kechichian Talar , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProblemAmniochorion senescence generates mechanistic signals to initiate parturition. Activation of p38 mitogen‐activated kinase (MAPK) in fetal amnion cells is a key mediator of senescence as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of amnion cells. However, the impact of p38 MAPK in chorion trophoblast cells (CTCs) is unclear. We tested if eliminating p38 will reduce oxidative stress (OS) induced cell fates like cellular senescence, EMT, and inflammation induced by these processes in CTCs.Methodsp38MAPK in CTCs was silenced using CRISPR/Cas9. OS was evoked by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. EMT was evoked by transforming growth factor (TGF)‐ß treatment. Cell cycle, senescence, EMT, and inflammation were analyzed.ResultsCSE‐induced changes in the cell cycle were not seen in p38KO CTCs compared to WT cells. OS induced by CSE evoked senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP as indicated by IL‐6 and IL‐8 increase) in WT but not in p38MAPK KO CTCs. No changes were noted in HLA‐G expression regardless of the status of p38MAPK. Neither CSE nor TGF‐ß evoked EMT in either WT or p38 KO CTCs.ConclusionSenescence and senescence‐associated inflammation in human fetal CTCs are mediated by p38MAPK. Compared to amnion epithelial cells, CTCs are resistant to EMT. This refractoriness may help them to maintain the barrier functions at the choriodecidual interface.