bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of government policies targeting ethics and governance processes on clinical trial activity and expenditure: a systematic review
Authors: Crosby Sam , Rajadurai Esther , Jan Stephen , Holden Richard , Neal Bruce 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGovernments have attempted to increase clinical trial activity in their jurisdictions using a range of methods including simplifying the ethics review and governance process of clinical trials. This study’s objective was to systematically review the effects of government actions targeting ethics reviews or governance processes on clinical trial activity. The data sources of Pub Med, Scopus, Sage, ProQuest, Google, Google Scholar and reference lists were all searched between 9/8/20 and 6/9/20. From these sources, 1455 potentially eligible reports were reviewed and full text assessments were done for 295. Thirty-eight reports provided data on 45 interventions—13 targeting ethics review and 32 targeting governance processes—were included. There were data describing effects on a primary or secondary outcome (the number of clinical trials or expenditure on clinical trials) for 39/45 of the interventions. 23/39 (59%) reported positive effects, meaning a greater number of trials and/or expenditure on clinical trials (6/11 ethics, 17/28 governance), 7/39 (18%) reported null effects (4/11 ethics, 3/28 governance) and 9/39 (23%) reported adverse effects (1/13 ethics, 8/28 governance). Positive effects were attributable to interventions that better defined the scope of review, placed clear expectations on timelines or sought to achieve mutual acceptance of ethics review outcomes. Adverse effects were mostly caused by governance interventions that unintentionally added an extra layer of bureaucracy or were developed without full consideration of the broader clinical trial approval system. Governments have an opportunity to enhance clinical trial activity with interventions targeting ethics reviews and governance processes but must be aware that some interventions can have an adverse impact.
Thin head atomic force microscope for integration with optical microscope
Authors: Lu Nianhang , Xiao Shasha , Zhang Rui , Liu Jirui , Ma Long , Wu Sen 
Published: August 2022

We present a novel thin head atomic force microscope (AFM) that can be easily integrated with an upright optical microscope (OM). The optical beam detection unit in the AFM used an obliquely incident laser beam onto the cantilever, reducing the AFM head’s effective thickness to 7.3 mm. That allows an open space above the cantilever probe to accommodate the objective lens up to 0.6 numerical aperture (N.A.) without obstruction. A multi-function digital controller was developed to control the AFM and reserved interfaces to communicate with the OM. To assess the performance of the developed AFM, we first measured the noise level and bandwidths of the AFM system. Then, the imaging quality of the AFM was evaluated by both calibration grids and two-dimensional materials. Finally, the thin head AFM was integrated into a homemade white light interferometer as a demonstration of combined use with an advanced optical system. The experimental results demonstrated that our developed AFM is suitable for integration under upright OM and brings AFM high-resolution advantages to the existing OM system.
Study on transmission line icing prediction based on micro-topographic correction
Authors: Huang Junjie , Zhou Xueming 
Published: August 2022

For the requirement of refinement prediction of transmission line icing thickness, this paper presents an icing thickness correction method which combines the prediction using low spatial resolution with the correction of micro-topography features. By analyzing the regional characteristics of micro-topography, the areas can be divided into three categories: plains, high-altitude mountains, and low-altitude mountains. For each type of terrain, the quantitative correction model for the icing thickness is established, which is dependent on altitude, relief amplitude, slope angle, slope aspect, water system, valley line, ridge line, and saddle point. In this paper, according to the numerical prediction on the 3 × 3 km2 grids, the icing thickness of the transmission line on the 300 × 300 m2 grids with micro-topography is obtained using the correction method in Hubei Power Grid. The results show that the correction method is efficient and convenient to improve the accuracy of icing thickness prediction of the transmission line.
Spatial patterns in the cover and composition of macroalgal assemblages on fringing and nearshore coral reefs
Authors: Webber K. , Srinivasan M. , Coppock A. G. , Jones G. P. 
Published: August 2022

Context Although increases in macroalgal cover on coral reefs are often reported alongside declines in coral, the composition of algal assemblages and their spatial dynamics are not commonly investigated. Aims To quantify changes in macroalgal assemblage composition over two spatial environmental gradients, depth and distance from shore, within a nearshore reef system in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, where coral cover has declined. Methods Benthic cover was quantified at three depths (reef flat, 10 and 15 m) on the windward reef slopes of six reefs located three distances from shore (fringing reefs, and platform reefs 100–200 m and 0.7−1 km offshore). Key results Macroalgal cover was highest on the reef flat, and assemblage composition varied among depths and distances from shore. Macroalgal cover was not correlated with coral cover except where macroalgal cover was greater than 20%, where a negative correlation occurred. There was no correlation between macroalgal cover and turf algal cover. All three benthic groups were negatively correlated with the combined total cover of sand and gravel. Conclusions These results indicated a fine-scale spatial structure of macroalgal assemblages on coral reefs over a narrow depth range and short distance from shore and highlighted the importance of a solid substratum. Implications It is likely that the ecological interactions between corals and macroalgae vary considerably over narrow spatial gradients.
Engineered IL13 variants direct specificity of IL13Rα2-targeted CAR T cell therapy
Authors: Stern Lawrence A. , Gholamin Sharareh , Moraga Ignacio , Yang Xin , Saravanakumar Supraja , Cohen Joseph R. , Starr Renate , Aguilar Brenda , Salvary Vanessa , Hibbard Jonathan C. , Kalbasi Anusha , Shepphird Jennifer K. , O’Hearn James , Garcia K. Christopher , Brown Christine E. 
Published: August 2022

IL13Rα2 is an attractive target due to its overexpression in a variety of cancers and rare expression in healthy tissue, motivating expansion of interleukin 13 (IL13)–based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy from glioblastoma into systemic malignancies. IL13Rα1, the other binding partner of IL13, is ubiquitously expressed in healthy tissue, raising concerns about the therapeutic window of systemic administration. IL13 mutants with diminished binding affinity to IL13Rα1 were previously generated by structure-guided protein engineering. In this study, two such variants, termed C4 and D7, are characterized for their ability to mediate IL13Rα2-specific response as binding domains for CAR T cells. Despite IL13Rα1 and IL13Rα2 sharing similar binding interfaces on IL13, mutations to IL13 that decrease binding affinity for IL13Rα1 did not drastically change binding affinity for IL13Rα2. Micromolar affinity to IL13Rα1 was sufficient to pacify IL13-mutein CAR T cells in the presence of IL13Rα1-overexpressing cells in vitro. Interestingly, effector activity of D7 CAR T cells, but not C4 CAR T cells, was demonstrated when cocultured with IL13Rα1/IL4Rα-coexpressing cancer cells. While low-affinity interactions with IL13Rα1 did not result in observable toxicities in mice, in vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that C4 and D7 CAR T cells were better able to traffic away from IL13Rα1+ lung tissue than were wild-type (WT) CAR T cells. These results demonstrate the utility of structure-guided engineering of ligand-based binding domains with appropriate selectivity while validating IL13-mutein CARs with improved selectivity for application to systemic IL13Rα2-expressing malignancies.
Lactobacillus crispatus
Limits Bladder Uropathogenic
E. coli
Infection by Triggering a Host Type I Interferon Response
Authors: Song Chang Hyun , Kim Young Ho , Naskar Manisha , Hayes Byron W. , Abraham Mathew A. , Noh Joo Hwan , Suk Gyeongseo , Kim Min Jung , Cho Kyu Sang , Shin Minhye , Lee Eun-Jin , Abraham Soman N. , Choi Hae Woong 
Published: August 2022

Many urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recurrent because uropathogens persist within the bladder epithelial cells (BECs) for extended periods between bouts of infection. Because persistent uropathogens are intracellular, they are often refractive to antibiotic treatment. The recent discovery of endogenous
Lactobacillus
spp. in the bladders of healthy humans raised the question of whether these endogenous bacteria directly or indirectly impact intracellular bacterial burden in the bladder. Here, we report that in contrast to healthy women, female patients experiencing recurrent UTIs have a bladder population of
Lactobacilli
that is markedly reduced. Exposing infected human BECs to
L. crispatus
in vitro markedly reduced the intracellular uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) load. The adherence of
Lactobacilli
to BECs was found to result in increased type I interferon (IFN) production, which in turn enhanced the expression of cathepsin D within lysosomes harboring UPECs. This lysosomal cathepsin D–mediated UPEC killing was diminished in germ-free mice and type I IFN receptor–deficient mice. Secreted metabolites of
L. crispatus
seemed to be responsible for the increased expression of type I IFN in human BECs. Intravesicular administration of
Lactobacilli
into UPEC-infected murine bladders markedly reduced their intracellular bacterial load suggesting that components of the endogenous microflora can have therapeutic effects against UTIs.
Annotating dialogue acts in speech data
Authors: Verdonik Darinka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aims of this paper are to detect the most problematic issues related to dialogue act annotation in speech
corpora and to define basic categories of dialogue acts. I critically examine and test generic schemes that represent different
lines of dialogue act annotation: AMI, DART, ISO 24617–2 and SWBD-DAMSL. It is found that the most problematic issues regarding
dialogue act annotation are related to the distinction between the semantic and pragmatic meanings of utterances, the annotation
of metadiscourse, and the adequacy and informativeness of the tagset. The identified basic dialogue act categories are information
providing, information seeking, actions, social acts and metadiscourse. The findings help improve dialogue act annotation.
Othering within the gay dating community?
Authors: Labor Jonalou S. , Samonte Christian Jaycee , Bana Norberto D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gay men and the bakla in the Philippines have long battled invisibility that any chance to
perform their gendered identities is a welcome gamble and opportunity to self-represent and be visible. This study looked into the
nature of self-representation among gay and bakla in dating applications and how these representations become
source of tensions in the LGBTQ+ community. In this study, ten gay men and ten bakla were interviewed to
construct their self-representations and unearth the reasons why such presentations are enacted in the dating apps. Findings
showed that gay men displayed heteronormative gay masculinity. Further, most of the bakla self-censored their
profiles to get matches and dates. There were some bakla, however, who refused invisibility and used the apps as
space for showing their authentic gender identity. Results of this study also identified the role of technology in enabling
masculine idealizations that emphasize hegemonic masculinity while reinforcing bakla invisibility.
A language socialisation perspective on Swedish immersion in Finland
Authors: Björklund Siv , Mård-Miettinen Karita , Pakarinen Sanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This retrospective review applies a language socialisation perspective in examining the findings of a four-year research project on Swedish immersion in Finland. Findings from nine sub-studies within the project are reported with a point-of-view from three key actors’ (teachers, students, and parents) language socialisation processes. Results show that a special feature of immersion teacher socialisation is its continuous attention toward the additive multilingual nature of immersion education, which requires sustained attention to multilingual language use and development. Students in Swedish immersion are socialised into the use of multiple languages in school and act as socialisation agents also outside school. They bring the immersion language to their homes and influence the family language use. Immersion may thus have a considerable influence on how majority language speakers self-identify as language users. Altogether, the sub-studies demonstrate that the benefits of immersion education extend well beyond learning success of students.
(Mis)translating Sensitive Content
Authors: Naranjo Beatriz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article offers an exploratory approach to the role of anger in translation performance. We performed a study in which translation students translated a negative review containing opinions that they may potentially find offensive. Based on previous findings pointing to punishment and restoration of justice as the most common behaviors of anger, we predicted that angry translators would manipulate the text in an attempt to punish the author and/or mitigate the offensive content. We operationalized such manipulation by identifying attenuating and emphasizing strategies in target texts. While no significant differences were revealed between baseline and post-read anger levels, sentiment analysis tools revealed angry moods when applied to participants’ written opinions. Significant differences were also found for the strategies applied with more occurrences for attenuation than emphasis. However, these findings are acknowledged as preliminary; larger samples, control groups and more reliable indicators of anger would be necessary to corroborate these results.
Demands of professional female cycling races: Influence race level and race duration (single or multi‐day events)
Authors: van Erp Teun , Lamberts Robert P. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis study is governed by two aims: firstly, expanding the meagre knowledge store regarding the demands set by professional female road cycling and, secondly, ascertaining whether these demands vary in relation to different race‐levels and race duration (single‐ or multi‐day events). A total of 1349 female professional road races was analysed and demands (intensity, load and performance) were determined. Races were classified based on race level (i.e. Women's World Tour [WWT], level.1 and level.2 according to the International Cycling Federation) and race duration (single‐ or multi‐day events). Differences were assessed with a multilevel random intercept model whilst the strength of said differences were indicated by Cohen's d (0–0.19 trivial; 0.20–0.59 small; 0.60–1.1.9 moderate; 1.20–1.99 large; ≥2.00 very large). In general, no moderate differences for load and intensity were noted for the different race levels. This result contrasts with data obtained from male road cycling. Moderate higher 3 and 5 min maximal mean power (MMP) values were noted in the WWT compared to Level.2 races. More substantial differences were found to exist between single‐ and multi‐day races with single‐day races presenting small to large higher load and intensity values. In addition, single‐day races presented higher MMPs overall durations (5 s–60 min) although these differences can be rated trivial to small. This study contributes to the limited knowledge store describing demands in professional female cycling. The reported data provide valuable insights which may aid practitioners and/or coaches in preparing female professional cyclists for races.
Impacts of regional land-use patterns on ecosystem services in the typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China
Authors: Chen Huimin , Zhao Yu , Fu Xiao , Tang Mingfang , Guo Mingjie , Zhang Shiqi , Zhu Yu , Qu Laiye , Wu Gang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
A comprehensive understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution and driving forces on ecosystem services (ES) is essential for the agro-pastoral ecotone’s ecological security in northern China. However, the land-use pattern (LULC) agglomeration with spatial differentiation in the pastoral and agricultural areas has been rarely concerned. Taking distinct LULC (1980–2018) in Chifeng as an example, we compared four crucial categories of ESs with InVEST. Using SEM, we further contrasted the effects of several variables on regional ES variations in pastoral-dominated (North) and agriculture-dominated (South) regions, respectively. Results revealed the conversion between forest and grassland oriented the LULC transformation in the North. In contrast, human-activitiy-oriented land tended to occupy environmentally sensitive places in the South. Similar ES variations were supplied with the North outperforming the South when soil conservation was omitted. As for the impacts of regional ES variations, the natural and LULC policies both showed positive effects, whereas the anthropogenic factors showed positive in the North, which was negative in the South. Therefore, the ecologically-maintained-dominant and ecologically-restored-dominant strategies should be separately adopted in the North and South. Our study provided appropriate regional ecological management suggestions for balancing the LULC-driven conflicts between ecological protection and regional development.
The effect of gas-density gradient on high-harmonic generation from neon-filled cells using annular and Gaussian laser beams
Authors: Ansari A , Kumar M , Singhal H , Chakera J A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An experimental study was performed to explore the effect of gas-density gradient in laser propagation direction on high-harmonic generation from neon-filled cells using a 50 fs annular and Gaussian Ti:sapphire laser beam. It was observed that, despite 20% lower power, the photon flux of the high-harmonics generated using an annular beam under optimum parameter conditions (∼2.5 × 1010 photons/sec for the 37th order in a 5 mm long cell) is on par with the maximum photon flux generated using a full Gaussian beam (∼2 × 1010 photons/sec for the 37th order in a 15 mm long cell). To elucidate the underlying mechanism for the experimental observation, a numerical simulation of the propagation of both the annular and Gaussian laser beams inside the cell was performed. The simulation was extended to estimate the high-harmonic intensity, after incorporating the effect of laser defocusing, the electron trajectory resolved phase-matching, and gas-density gradient. The dominant role of short electron trajectories was observed in the case of the annular beam, whereas, in the case of the Gaussian beam, a contribution of both short and long trajectories was found. Our analysis shows that, in neon-filled cells, the gas-density gradient present at the laser exit end of the cell plays a dominant role in achieving a high photon flux using an annular laser beam. Further, the annular beam not only provides a higher flux but also has lower divergence and higher coherence. This study will be useful in attosecond pulse metrology as well as in imaging applications viz coherent diffractive imaging.
Low-temperature characteristics and gate leakage mechanisms of LPCVD-SiNx/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs
Authors: Guo Hui , Shao Pengfei , Bai Haineng , Zhou Jian , Peng Yanghu , Li Songlin , Xie Zili , Liu Bin , Chen Dunjun , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we systematically investigated the static properties and gate current mechanism of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition-SiNx/AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor-high-electronmobility-transistor (MIS-HEMTs) at cryogenic temperature range from 10 K to 300 K. It is found that the threshold voltage of the device shows a positive shift due to the decreased carrier concentration at low temperature, and both the maximum transconductance and ON-resistance are improved at the low temperatures because of the enhanced electron mobility. Under very low electric field, the gate leakage exhibits ohmic conduction. With increasing forward gate bias, the dominant gate leakage mechanism at temperature below150 K gradually transits into trap-assisted tunneling, participating with a deep trap energy level of 0.73 eV in the SiNx dielectric, to Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling. In contrast, the dominant gate leakage mechanism at temperature above 150 K transits from Poole–Frenkel emission, showing a low trap barrier height of 56 meV in the SiNx dielectric, to Fowler–FN tunneling with increasing forward gate bias. Under high reverse gate bias, carrier-limited gate current becomes the dominated gate leakage mechanism.
Fermi surface of the chiral topological semimetal PtGa
Authors: Schwarze B V , Uhlarz M , Hornung J , Chattopadhyay S , Manna K , Shekhar C , Felser C , Wosnitza J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PtGa is a topological semimetal with giant spin-split Fermi arcs. Here, we report on angular-dependent de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) measurements combined with band-structure calculations to elucidate the details of the bulk Fermi surface of PtGa. The strong spin–orbit coupling leads to eight bands crossing the Fermi energy that form a multitude of Fermi surfaces with closed extremal orbits and results in very rich dHvA spectra. The large number of experimentally observed dHvA frequencies make the assignment to the equally large number of calculated dHvA orbits challenging. Nevertheless, we find consistency between experiment and calculations verifying the topological character with maximal Chern number of the spin-split Fermi surface.
Precise 3D foot-mounted indoor localization system using commercial sensors and map matching approach
Authors: Qi Lin , Yu Yue , Liu Yu , Gao Chuanshun , Feng Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acquiring precise and reliable 3D pedestrian trajectories is gradually developed into an essential task for achieving indoor location-based services. A foot-mounted positioning system (FPS) is proved to be an effective approach for multi-floor indoor navigation, while the performance of FPS is usually reduced by the cumulative sensor error, disturbed local magnetic field, and external accelerations. This paper proposes a precise 3D foot-mounted indoor localization system based on the commercial sensors and map matching approach (3D-FSMM). The 1D convolutional neural network model is applied to the detection of quasi-static period to enhance accuracy of the zero velocity update technology algorithm, and the multi-level observations are extracted to constrain the positioning error originated from the low-cost inertial sensors and complex local environments. In addition, the indoor map information is further extracted for corner detection and optimization of estimated trajectory, and the error ellipse is established for indoor map matching in order to provide more absolute reference. The experimental results indicate that the proposed 3D-FSMM realizes meter-level positioning accuracy in disturbed and multi-floor contained indoor scenes, and has the potential for large-scaled indoor applications.