bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the urinary steroid profile of patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas: A matched controlled cross‐sectional study
Authors: Araujo‐Castro Marta , Casals Gregori , Hanzu Felicia A. , Pascual‐Corrales Eider , García Cano Ana M. , Lanza Val F. , Luis del Rey Mejías Ángel , Marchan Marta , Escobar‐Morreale Héctor F. , Valderrabano Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo identify alterations in steroid metabolism in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) through the analysis of their urinary steroid profile (USP).MethodsCross‐sectional study with one study group (NFAIs, cortisol post dexamethasone suppression test [DST] ≤ 1.8 µg/dl [49.7 nmol/L]) and 2 control groups: patients with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS group, cortisol post‐DST > 1.8 µg/dl (49.7 nmol/L) and patients without adrenal tumours (healthy‐adrenal group). Twenty‐four‐hour urine collections for USP measurement (total and free fraction of 51 24 h‐urine specimens) were obtained from 73 participants (24 with NFAIs, 24 without AIs, and 25 with ACS). USP was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Patients of the three groups were matched according to sex, age (±5 years‐old) and body mass index (±5 kg/m2).ResultsCompared to healthy‐adrenal controls, patients with NFAIs had a lower excretion of androgen metabolites (230.5 ± 190.12 vs. 388.7 ± 328.58 µg/24 h, p = .046) and a higher excretion of urinary free cortisol (UFC) (54.3 ± 66.07 vs. 25.4 ± 11.16 µg/24 h, p = .038). UFC was above the reference range in 20.8% of patients in the NFAI, compared to 0% in the healthy‐adrenal group (p = .018). Patients with ACS had a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes than patients with NFAIs or the control group. A lower excretion of androgen metabolites (218.4 ± 204.24 vs. 231 ± 190 µg/24 h, p = .041) and a nonsignificant higher excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites (2129.6 ± 1195.96 vs. 1550.8 ± 810.03 µg/24 h, p = .180) was found in patients with ACS compared to patients with NFAIs.ConclusionNFAIs seem to secrete a subtle, yet clinically relevant, excess of glucocorticoids. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings; and to identify metabolic alterations associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk.
The risk of chronic kidney disease development in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1‐84): A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rejnmark Lars , Ayodele Olulade , Lax Angela , Mu Fan , Swallow Elyse , Gosmanova Elvira O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a period of up to 5 years in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1‐84) (rhPTH[1‐84]) compared with a historical control cohort of patients not treated with rhPTH(1‐84).DesignRetrospective cohort study of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1‐84) derived from the REPLACE (NCT00732615), RELAY (NCT01268098), RACE (NCT01297309) and HEXT (NCT01199614, and its continuation study NCT02910466) clinical trials and a historical control cohort who did not receive PTH selected from an electronic medical record database.PatientsOne hundred and eighteen patients treated with rhPTH(1‐84) and 497 patient controls.MeasurementsIncident CKD was defined as ≥2 eGFR measurements <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ≥3 months apart during the study and a sustained eGFR decline of ≥30% from baseline.ResultsOver the 5‐year period, Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that rhPTH(1‐84)‐treated patients had a significantly lower risk of developing CKD (log‐rank p = .002) and a lower risk for a sustained eGFR decline ≥30% from baseline (log‐rank p < .001) compared with patients in the control cohort. In adjusted analyses, patients in the rhPTH(1‐84)‐treated cohort had a 53% lower risk of developing CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.87) and a 65% lower risk for sustained eGFR decline ≥30% from baseline (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.89) compared with controls.ConclusionsPatients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1‐84) in long‐term clinical trials had a significantly lower risk of developing CKD compared with patients in a historical control cohort not treated with rhPTH(1‐84).
Protected areas in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A regional assessment of the status, distribution, and gaps
Authors: Chaudhary Sunita , Uddin Kabir , Chettri Nakul , Thapa Rajesh , Sharma Eklabya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are a key strategy for conserving areas of outstanding biodiversity value and promoting sustainable development. Significant efforts have been made toward establishing PAs over the last few decades across the globe. However, an assessment of PAs in mountain regions, including in the biodiversity rich Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), is lacking. We assessed the status, trend, and distribution of PAs and the ecological representativeness in the PA network. Our analysis showed the HKH has a total of 575 PAs covering 40.17% of the region, accounting for 8.49% of global PA coverage. The HKH hosts 335 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), 348 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), 12 Global 200 Ecoregions, and 4 Global Biodiversity Hotspots. However, the study showed limited ecological representation in the current PA system as 67% of ecoregions, 39% of hotspots, 69% of KBAs, and 76% of IBAs are still outside of the PA system. About 47% of the PAs are small (<250 sq. km) with no connectivity to other PAs and the majority are distributed in the lower reaches of the HKH. These findings suggest the need to assess and demarcate potential corridors to improve connectivity between PAs and integrate PAs into wider conservation landscapes at national and regional scale beyond country boundaries through regional cooperation. There is also a need to assess and strengthen PA management effectiveness and governance and consider other effective area‐based conservation measures especially in the higher elevations and with a specific focus on ecological representation.
Legacy of war: Pedogenesis divergence and heavy metal contamination on the WWI front line a century after battle
Authors: Williams Owain H. , Rintoul‐Hynes Naomi L. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Europe, the First World War left a legacy on the environment due to the extensive and intense use of artillery during this period. This study examined a small wooded area in the Pas‐de‐Calais region in France which was subject to considerably less intense fire than previously studied WWI battlefields. In a process named “bombturbation,” significant physical changes have occurred to the landscape subject to artillery fire, resulting in a divergent soil development in craters. Cratering led to higher organic matter and electrical conductivity values, but—unlike other studies—no significant difference in soil pH. Soil heavy metal concentrations did not differ within craters compared to the flat landscape. However, lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) enrichment was observed above the baseline values for the region. Despite the average concentrations of Cu and Pb being within legal limits for soils in the UK and European Union, it is likely that enrichment of Cu and Pb in the concentrations observed has caused detrimental ecotoxicological and human health effects.Highlights
Few studies investigate the legacy of WWI on soil, particularly from low intensity fighting.
WWI bomb craters alter soil development, resulting in changes to organic matter and salinity.
Cu and Pb enrichment of soil from WWI may lead to ecotoxicological and human health impacts.
Type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses is a novel glycogen storage disease causing exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Williams Zoë J. , Finno Carrie J. , Schultz Abigail , Velez‐Irizarry Deborah , Henry Marisa L. , Gardner Keri , Petersen Jessica L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth type 1 (PSSM1) and type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) are characterised by aggregates of abnormal polysaccharide in skeletal muscle. Whereas the genetic basis for PSSM1 is known (R309HGYS1), the cause of PSSM2 in Quarter Horses (PSSM2‐QH) is unknown and glycogen concentrations not defined.ObjectivesTo characterise the histopathological and biochemical features of PSSM2‐QH and determine if an associated monogenic variant exists in genes known to cause glycogenosis.Study designRetrospective case control.MethodsSixty‐fourPSSM2‐QH, 30PSSM1‐QHand 185control‐QHwere identified from a biopsy repository and clinical data, histopathology scores (0–3), glycogen concentrations and selected glycolytic enzyme activities compared. Coding sequences of 12 genes associated with muscle glycogenoses were identified from whole genome sequences and compared between sevenPSSM2‐QHand fivecontrol‐QH.ResultsExertional rhabdomyolysis in PSSM2‐QH occurred predominantly in barrel racing and working cow/roping performance types and improved with regular exercise and a low starch/fat‐supplemented diet. Histopathological scores, including the amount of amylase‐resistant polysaccharide (PSSM2‐QH 1.4 ± 0.6, PSSM1‐QH 2.1 ± 0.3, control‐QH 0 ± 0,p < 0.001), and glycogen concentrations (PSSM2‐QH 129 ± 62, PSSM1‐QH 175 ± 9, control‐QH 80 ± 27 mmol/kg,p < 0.0001) were intermediate in PSSM2‐QH with significant differences among groups. In PSSM2‐QH, abnormal polysaccharide had a less filamentous ultrastructure than PSSM1‐QH and phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase activities were normal. Seventeen of 30 PSSM2‐QH with available pedigrees descended from one of three stallions within four generations. Of the 29 predicted high or moderate impact genetic variants identified in candidate genes, none were present in only PSSM2‐QH and absent in control‐QH.Main limitationsAnalyses of PSSM2‐QH and PSSM1‐QH were performed on shipped samples, controls on frozen samples.ConclusionsPSSM2‐QH is a novel glycogen storage disorder that is not the result of a mutation in genes currently known to cause muscle glycogenoses in other species.
A data‐driven analysis for fatigue failure mode identification in load‐carrying fillet welded joint with mechanical data augmentation
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Zhang Tairui , Song Wei , Jiang Wenchun , Wang Ping , Xing Shizhu , Pei Xianjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWeld toe and weld root failures dominate the fatigue failures of the load‐carrying cruciform fillet welded joints. Compared to weld toe failure, the weld root failure is strongly affected by its inherent weld quality and throat size, which is more unpredictable and should be eliminated. This work proposes a weld sizing criterion in terms of two weld leg sizes and weld penetration to avoid root failure. The criterion is obtained by a data‐driven approach with the help of the mechanical‐directed data augmentation technique. The traction‐stress‐based method is applied for the data augmentation to identify the fatigue failure mode, which is statistically tested against 372 experimentally obtained fatigue data.
Contrasting effects of altered precipitation regimes on soil nitrogen cycling at the global scale
Authors: Wu Qiqian , Yue Kai , Ma Yuandan , Heděnec Petr , Cai Yanjiang , Chen Jian , Zhang Hui , Shao Junjiong , Chang Scott X. , Li Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in precipitation regimes can strongly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, whether altered precipitation regimes may differentially affect soil N cycling between arid and humid biomes at the global scale is unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis using 1036 pairwise observations collected from 194 publications to assess the effects of increased and decreased precipitation on the input (N return from plants), storage (various forms of N in soil), and output (gaseous N emissions) of soil N in arid versus humid biomes at the global scale. We found that (1) increased precipitation significantly increased N input (+12.1%) and output (+34.9%) but decreased N storage (−13.7%), while decreased precipitation significantly decreased N input (−10.7%) and output (−34.8%) but increased N storage (+11.1%); (2) the sensitivity of soil N cycling to increased precipitation was higher in arid regions than in humid regions, while that to decreased precipitation was lower in arid regions than in humid regions; (3) the effect of altered precipitation regimes on soil N cycling was independent of precipitation type (i.e., rainfall vs. snowfall); and (4) the mean annual precipitation regulated soil N cycling in precipitation alteration experiments at the global scale. Overall, our results clearly show that the response of soil N cycling to increased versus decreased precipitation differs between arid and humid regions, indicating the uneven effect of climate change on soil N cycling between these two contrasting climate regions. This implies that ecosystem models need to consider the differential responses of N cycling to altered precipitation regimes in different climatic conditions under future global change scenarios.
Lowering water table reduces carbon sink strength and carbon stocks in northern peatlands
Authors: Kwon Min Jung , Ballantyne Ashley , Ciais Philippe , Qiu Chunjing , Salmon Elodie , Raoult Nina , Guenet Bertrand , Göckede Mathias , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Nykänen Hannu , Schuur Edward A. G. , Turetsky Merritt R. , Dieleman Catherine M. , Kane Evan S. , Zona Donatella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeatlands at high latitudes have accumulated >400 Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw‐related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE‐PCH4) using site‐specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT <20 cm on average (seasonal max up to 45 cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58 ± 34 g C m−2 year−1; including 6 ± 7 g C–CH4 m−2 year−1 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10 cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13 ± 15 g C m−2 year−1 and decreased CH4 emission by 4 ± 4 g CH4 m−2 year−1, thus accumulating less C over 100 years (0.2 ± 0.2 kg C m−2). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310 ± 360 g CO2‐eq m−2 year−1. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non‐permafrost peatlands lost >2 kg C m−2 over 100 years when WT is lowered by 50 cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.
Gynaecological management of women with inherited bleeding disorders. A UK Haemophilia Centres Doctors' Organisation Guideline
Authors: Curry Nicola , Bowles Louise , Clark T. Justin , Lowe Gillian , Mainwaring Jason , Mangles Sarah , Myers Bethan , Kadir Rezan Abdul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWomen with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) may present to healthcare professionals in a variety of ways and commonly will be encountered by either haematology or gynaecology services. Heavy menstrual bleeding is very often the first manifestation of an IBD. There is a wide variation in severity of bleeding for women with IBD and diagnosis and subsequent management of their condition requires multidisciplinary specialised care which is tailored to the individual and includes excellent cross‐specialty communication between gynaecology and haematology teams. This guideline is intended for both haematologists and gynaecologists who are involved in the diagnosis and management of women with bleeding disorders. It sets out recommendations about how to investigate heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), the commonest presentation for women with IBD to hospital services, to guide physicians about how to diagnose an IBD and covers the management of women with known IBD and HMB. The second section sets out recommendations for patients known to have IBD and covers management of patients with IBD in the setting of gynaecological surgery and management for all other non‐surgical gynaecological situations.
Pesticides dissipation in crackers and pan bread
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , McKinnon Carole , Gagnon Fleur , Rémillard Nathalie , Sabik Hassan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPesticides might cause health problems and must be thoroughly controlled in food. The aim of this study was to determine, on dry basis, the dissipation of active material in sixteen pesticides for wheat production (eleven fungicides; two herbicides; three insecticides) after heating in water, flat dough (crackers) and leavened dough (pan bread); the effect of dough alkalinity was also checked. Compared to water, dough protected pesticides from heat. Malathion, an insecticide, was easily dissipated by heat but most pesticides, especially fungicides, were very stable to dough fermentation and bread baking. With a few exceptions, similar trends were seen in neutral and alkaline crackers. We conclude that it is unlikely that baking would dissipate much pesticides residues, especially fungicides, in flat and leavened dough for crackers and pan bread.
Citrus peel waste essential oil: Chemical composition along with anti‐amylase and anti‐glucosidase potential
Authors: Heydari Koochi Zhila , Jahromi Kourosh Ghodrat , Kavoosi Gholamreza , Babaei Sedigheh 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe most common waste in citrus processing is their skin, which contains high amounts of essential oil. The antioxidant, anti‐glucosidase, and anti‐amylase properties of essential oils extracted from fresh bitter orange, lime, lemon, pomelo, grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet orange peels were examined. Linalool (18.26%–29.08%), limonene (17.08%–22.44%), linalool acetate (17.17%–30.47%), α‐terpineol (6.08%–11.06%), geraniol (2.05%–6.30%), β‐ocimene (1.52%–5.02%), nerolidol (2.93%–4.00%), β‐pinene (2.71%–3.29%), farnesol (2.08%–2.97%), and geranyl acetate (1.89%–2.80%) were found to be the primary components of citrus peel essential oil. Citrus peel essential oil displayed a good antioxidant capacity ranging from 375 to 643 mg Trolox equivalent/g. Citrus peel essential oils strongly inhibit amylase (520 to 738 mg acarbose equivalent/g) and glucosidase (475 to 780 mg acarbose equivalent/g). According to kinetic analysis, fluorescence quenching, and ultraviolet absorption, citrus peel essential oils inhibit amylase and glucosidase with a mixed competitive, non‐competitive, and uncompetitive manner. Some citrus varieties have long been used to treat diabetes and obesity. While citrus fruits are consumed worldwide, the citrus peel is typically discarded; hence, using the citrus peel in the culinary and medical industries might have a positive economic impact on managing diabetes.
Administration of radium‐223 and the prognosis in Japanese bone metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients: A large database study
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Ninomiya Sahoko , Sato Motoki , Takeshima Teppei , Hasumi Hisashi , Makiyama Kazuhide , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe ALSYMPCA trial revealed radium‐223 (Ra‐223) to be a life‐prolonging agent for bone metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, only 2.8% of enrolled patients in that clinical trial were Asian, and no Japanese patients were enrolled. Several retrospective studies have been published concerning Japanese bone metastatic CRPC patients receiving Ra‐223. However, no study has yet reported the correlation between Ra‐223 induction and the survival in Japanese bone metastatic CRPC patients. This study investigated the effect of Ra‐223 as a life‐prolonging agent in a large Japanese healthcare fee database.MethodsA total of around 410 000 prostate cancer patients were extracted from this database, and 25 934 were diagnosed with CRPC. In these patients, the age, date of the CRPC diagnosis, date of Ra‐223 induction, and prognosis were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1628 patients received Ra‐223, and 6693 patients were diagnosed with bone metastasis CRPC, with the remaining 17 613 patients diagnosed with CRPC without bone metastasis. The patients who completed six courses of Ra‐223 showed a significantly more favorable overall and cancer‐specific survival than those who received ≤5 courses (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). For time from CRPC diagnosis date to death, the Ra‐223 induction group showed a significantly more favorable prognosis with regard to both the overall and cancer‐specific survival than the bone metastatic CRPC patients without Ra‐223 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsBone metastatic CRPC patients who received Ra‐223 showed a significantly better prognosis than bone metastatic CPRC patients who did not receive Ra‐223.
TP53 loss‐of‐function causes vulnerability to autophagy inhibition in aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Song Xian‐Li , Yu Bin , Foong Lian‐Chee , Shu Yu , Mai Chun‐Wai , Hu Jing , Dong Baijun , Xue Wei , Chua Chee Wai 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTP53 loss‐of‐function is commonly found in aggressive prostate cancer. However, a highly‐efficient therapy for this tumor subtype is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TP53 mutation status and autophagy in prostate cancer and assessed the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors on TP53‐deficient tumors.MethodsWe first evaluated the expression patterns of p53 and autophagy‐related proteins, namely LC3B, ULK1 and BECLIN1, as well as their relationship in treatment‐naïve and castration‐resistant prostate cancer specimens through immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we generated a Trp53‐deleted genetically‐engineered mouse model, established prostate tumor organoid lines from the mice and assessed the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors in overcoming Enzalutamide resistance in the tumor organoid model. We also investigated the impact of TP53 re‐expression in modulating responses to autophagy inhibitors using LNCaP cell line, which harbored a TP53 missense mutation. Lastly, we attempted to identify potential autophagy‐related genes that were crucial for TP53‐deficient tumor maintenance.ResultsTP53 loss‐of‐function was associated with increased levels of autophagy‐related proteins in aggressive prostate cancers and Trp53‐deleted genetically‐engineered mouse‐derived tumors. Moreover, the generated androgen receptor‐independent tumor organoids were highly vulnerable to autophagy inhibition. Upon TP53 re‐expression, not only did the surviving LNCaP cells demonstrate resistance, but they also showed growth advantage in response to autophagy inhibition. Lastly, PEX14, an important peroxisomal regulator was differentially upregulated in aggressive tumors with TP53 loss‐of‐function mutations, thus implying the importance of peroxisome turnover in this tumor subtype.ConclusionOur results support the potential use of autophagy inhibitors in prostate cancers that contain TP53 loss‐of‐function mutations.