bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation-induced changes at the electrode–tissue interface and their influence on deep brain stimulation
Authors: Evers J , Sridhar K , Liegey J , Brady J , Jahns H , Lowery M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. During deep brain stimulation (DBS) the electrode–tissue interface (ETI) forms a critical path between device and brain tissue. Although changes in the electrical double layer (EDL) and glial scar can impact stimulation efficacy, the effects of chronic DBS on the ETI have not yet been established. Approach. In this study, we characterised the ETI surrounding chronically implanted DBS electrodes in rats and compared the impedance and histological properties at the electrode interface in animals that received daily stimulation and in those where no stimulation was applied, up to 8 weeks post-surgery. A computational model was developed based on the experimental data, which allowed the dispersive electrical properties of the surrounding encapsulation tissue to be estimated. The model was then used to study the effect of stimulation-induced changes in the ETI on the electric field and neural activation during voltage- and current-controlled stimulation. Main results. Incorporating the observed changes in simulations in silico, we estimated the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the EDL and surrounding encapsulation tissue. Through simulations we show how stimulation-induced changes in the properties of the ETI influence the electric field and alter neural activation during voltage-controlled stimulation. A substantial increase in the number of stimulated collaterals, and their distance from the electrode, was observed during voltage-controlled stimulation with stimulated ETI properties. In vitro examination of stimulated electrodes confirmed that high frequency stimulation leads to desorption of proteins at the electrode interface, with a concomitant reduction in impedance. Significance. The demonstration of stimulation-induced changes in the ETI has important implications for future DBS systems including closed-loop systems where the applied stimulation may change over time. Understanding these changes is particularly important for systems incorporating simultaneous stimulation and sensing, which interact dynamically with brain networks.
Role of secondary long wavelength fluctuation in nonlinear saturation of the kinetic ballooning mode in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Ren Guangzhi , Li Jiquan , Wei Lai , Wang Zheng-Xiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear saturation dynamics of electromagnetic turbulence and associated transport are investigated using a global simulation based on the Landau-fluid model in the finite β tokamak plasmas. The focus is on the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM), while a comparison to the β stabilized ion temperature gradient mode is carried out. Results show that the KBM turbulence creates relatively weaker zonal flows in finite β plasmas. Zonal current could be formed around the low order rational surfaces, but is too narrow and localized to affect the global transport level. It is found that the KBM turbulence is nonlinearly saturated in two sequential stages. The linear KBM instability is first saturated transiently at a low fluctuation level by weak zonal flows. Afterward, robust, linearly stable long wavelength fluctuations are nonlinearly excited and then interact feedback with primary unstable KBM components through the modulation process. As a result, the KBM is finally saturated with a down-shifted wavenumber spectrum. The suppression of turbulent transport by long wavelength fluctuations is identified as mainly resulting from the reduction of KBM turbulence intensity.
The movement characteristics of pedestrians on a single-file track at the uphill and downhill conditions
Authors: Guo Ning , Ding Jian-Xun , Liu Yue-Mei , Ding Zhong-Jun , Zhu Kong-Jin , Chen Jia-Jia , Wu Chao-Yun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ramps, as very common building structures, are widely used in railway stations, subways, shopping malls and other public places. In order to study the movement characteristics of pedestrians both uphill and downhill, we present a group of single-file movement experiments of pedestrians on a ramp with a 9° slope. It is found that in the free flow state, the average speed uphill and downhill is about 1.1 m s−1, while the average speed on the flat surface is about 1.4 m s−1. As the density increases, the critical densities at which the speed of pedestrians begins to decrease going uphill and downhill are both slightly higher than that on the flat surface. We also propose a step-based model considering different step frequencies and step lengths of pedestrians to simulate the movement on the ramp. Compared with the experimental results, it is shown that the model can reproduce the pedestrian’s walking behavior on the ramp well.
Analysis on flexural behavior of fabricated steel keel foamed concrete strip
Authors: Hong Cheng , Zhou Haonan , Liu Kai , Tu Bin , Su Ge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The new fabricated steel keel foamed concrete strip wall panel studied in this paper is a new steel-concrete non load-bearing outer wall panel based on the traditional fabricated foamed concrete outer wall panel. The utility model is composed of a built-in crack resistant steel wire mesh, a foamed concrete vertical plate and embedded light steel keels on both sides. When in use, the light steel keels on both sides of the strip wallboard are connected by welding to form a residential enclosure system. In order to study the bending performance of this new wall panel, this paper uses Midas FEA finite element software to carry out three-dimensional modeling of the wall panel, deformation and strain analysis under Z-direction concentrated load, and draw load deflection curve and load strain curve. The results show that under the load, the steel-concrete synergy is obvious and the stress is clear. The light steel keel has a great contribution to the flexural capacity of the wall panel, and the overall flexural performance of the wall panel is excellent.
Research on compressive performance of high-strength concrete confined by high-strength stirrups
Authors: Li Hongyu , Liao Ri , Zhang Lu , Geng Lei , Jiang Zishi , Shi Yajun , Wei Jifen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Axial compressive test of high-strength concrete prism specimens confined by high-strength stirrups are carried out. The yield strength of stirrups, volumetric stirrup ratio and concrete strength are investigated for the impact of pressure performance. The results show that the confined concrete specimens with high stirrup ratio, high strength, exhibits good ductility. The use of high-strength stirrups is an effective measure to prevent a sudden drop in the falling section of the high-strength concrete stress-strain curve; under the circumstances, the application of high-strength stirrups can reduce the volumetric stirrup ratio.
Application of Digital Twin Technology in Auxiliary Decision-making System for Grid-connected Dispatching of New Energy
Authors: Shen Runjie , Wang Yiying , Ma Ming , Zhou Qiang , Lyu Qingquan , Zhang Jianmei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Digital twin is the digital expression of physical entities. With the further development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, many fields are actively promoting the digital transformation of industries. As the key area of Chinese infrastructure to promote clean coal production and efficient green transformation, using the digital twin technology to promote the overall perception of new energy power stations, intelligent decision-making and dynamic prediction has become a new research hotspot. Through the intelligent acquisition in the perception layer, intelligent integration in the data layer and intelligent decision making in the service layer, we can set up a whole set of super short-term forecasting system and dispatching decision support system for new energy power stations, which can improve the operational efficiency. From hindsight to foresight, It’s an innovative imporve to promote the construction of smart power grid and digital power grid by effectively solving the abandon of wind and irradiance, reducing the cost of power generation and ensuring the stable operation of the whole power grid.
Research and Performance Optimization of Visualization of Panoramic Monitoring in Responsive Distribution Network
Authors: Xiao Xiaolong , Yang Jinggang , Su Wei , Shi Mingming , Yang Xiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As the scale of the power grid continues to expand, the number of power grid devices in the national power system is increasing, the structure of the power grid is becoming more and more complex, and the information construction of the distribution network is improving, but the visualization is relatively low in real time. In terms of informationization, the current information presentation and interaction mode cannot adapt to the rapid expansion of power supply scale and daily distribution network operation and maintenance management. In this paper, we study GIS-based grid panoramic visualization display technology and responsive visualization solutions for multiple terminals. These solutions not only improve the monitoring efficiency of the distribution network, but also reduce the time of finding and overhauling when problems occur. It also enables visualization of topological data and timely access to the required information. The experiments in this paper use clustering methods to optimize the visualization elements as well as to optimize the GIS rendering, which effectively improves the visualization efficiency.
Design and Implementation of W-shaped Steel Band Hole Image Recognition System Based on OpenCV-Python
Authors: Chen Xu , yuepin Bai , Qiang Guo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The mine Roofbolter is widely used in drilling and supporting of underground roof and side wall, which greatly alleviates the imbalance of driving anchor. However, with the progress of sensor technology, electrical and electronic technology, electro-hydraulic proportional control technology and the continuous improvement of users’ requirements for the safety and efficiency of bolt support, domestic and foreign mining equipment manufacturers have carried out the development of automatic bolt and anchor cable support equipment, especially to improve the performance requirements of control system and develop intelligent visualization technology. At present, the hole location in the process of drilling still needs to be identified and located by human eyes, which is inefficient and the working environment is a great threat to the physical and mental health of personnel, so it is urgent to introduce computer technology and artificial intelligence technology. In this paper, with the help of image recognition technology, machine vision recognition replaces human eye recognition of hole location, and puts forward an image recognition technology of W-shaped steel belt hole recognition system based on OpenCV to assist the scheme, so as to ensure the safety and efficiency of roadway support. This system uses pychar, opencv and python language to realize the recognition and positioning of W-shaped steel strip hole. The scheme has the advantages of small amount of calculation, high accuracy and fast recognition speed. This research conclusion provides a reference for the further spatial positioning analysis of W-shaped steel belt hole, and improves the efficiency of underground support operation and personnel safety.
16th International Engineering and Computing Research Conference (16th EURECA)
Authors: Goh Wei Wei , Nagentrau M , Hamzah N , L Angeline , Kok S H 
Published: June 2022

The 16th EURECA 2021 is the outcome of the hard work and dedication of researchers, research groups, academic programmes and effort of academic and non-academic staff from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia. 16th EURECA Conference was held on 24th November 2021 with the double edge objectives to assist in equipping the undergraduate and post-graduate with necessary research skills as well as providing an outlet channel for the students to creatively and efficiently share their research outcome. Due to travel restrictions during pandemic, the conference was conducted virtually using Zoom as the video conferencing platform throughout the conference period.
With the ever-increasing expectations of graduates to be ready to address a variety of new world challenges, the requirements to equip the graduates, especially those in the field of Engineering, Computing, Science and Technology, with research skills are more pressing. Thus, the aim of the 16th EURECA 2021 conference is to provide the undergraduate Computing and Engineering students an opportunity to experience a research environment. This is expected to prepare them not only for careers in research but also to provide a precursor for them to use the developed research skills in their future endeavors. In addition, the 16th EURECA 2021 also serves as a platform for postgraduate Engineering and Computing students to expand their network with other researchers as well as gaining invaluable feedback with regards to their research project from both academicians and industrial experts.
List of Organizing Committee, Committee Members Secretariat, Event Management and Finance are available in this pdf.
Analysis of fatigue characteristics on camshaft using finite element analysis
Authors: Zamros M I , Ku P X 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Camshaft plays an important role in the internal combustion engine, where it regulates the opening and closing time of the valves to allow fuel and air mixture to enter the engine and exhaust. The study aims to analyze the fatigue characteristics of the camshaft made from gray cast iron and cast carbon steel. SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench were used to design and predict the lifespan of the camshaft. The modelled camshaft was used to analyze the fatigue properties. Modal analysis was performed to evaluate the deflections and natural frequency of the camshaft while static structural analysis used to evaluate the total deformation, maximum stress, and safety factor. Appropriate mesh size was used where the component was divided into several discrete parts or finite elements. The camshaft was assigned with boundary conditions such as fixed support and moment. Dunkerley’s approach was used to compare simulated natural frequencies to theoretical values. The resulting S-N curve plots the alternating stress on the camshaft against the number of cycles required to fail. Cast carbon steel was suggested to be the more desirable material since it can withstand 260 MPa of stress for 10 million cycles, whereas gray cast iron can endure only 140 MPa.
Investigation of the Base Oil Properties in Optimizing the Demulsification
Authors: Low C M , Ilia Anisa A N , Chua B L , Abdurahman N H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this research, the correlation of the physical properties from different types of base oil- Group I and Group II base oils - to the demulsification process with variables such as mixing speed (500-1500 rpm), water content (20-80%) and volume of formulated surfactant (1 - 5 ml) were investigated. The water-in-oil emulsion was prepared using a formulated surfactant, and the demulsification was observed via a Bottle Test method. The optimization of demulsification was obtained from the correlation of the respective variables using the Central Composite Design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed that the Group I base oil emulsions have a lower viscosity and higher density than the Group II base oil, which has higher emulsion stability. The higher demulsification was observed by reducing the mixing speed, increasing the water content, and reducing the volume of the formulated surfactant for both groups of the base oil. The optimum of the water separation w obtained from the Group I base oil was 46.73% at 515 rpm, 76% water content, and 1 ml volume of the formulated surfactant. Meanwhile, 99.29% of water separation was found for the Group II base oil at 520 rpm, with 75% water content and 2 ml volume of the formulated surfactant.
Variations of IMF Cone Angle and IMF Clock Angle to Solar Cycles and Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Fadiyah A I , Herdiwijaya D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) carried by solar wind and rooted at solar corona. Variations of IMF depend on solar surface activities, e.g. sunspots. Moreover, solar magnetic storms are connected by the IMF. IMF parameters, sunspot number, and geomagnetic index for more than 55 years were downloaded from OMNIWeb, which the data were obtained from several spacecraft in geostasionary and L1 Lagrange orbits. Solar cycles are measured in terms of variations in the number of sunspots and their surface areas. Both magnetic events of IMF and sunspots indicate the relation between solar cycles and IMF orientation which is clock angle and cone angle. IMF also interacts with the Earth’s magnetosphere, and it can cause geomagnetic storms. Cone angle and clock angle are derived from IMF components on X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Their frequency distribution charts on each solar cycle of 20 to 24 and their maxima phase and minima phase are the key points for the analysis. The plot of clock angle to Dst index as a geomagnetic index for each solar cycle was also derived. Based on the analysis, solar cycles are indicated to give an impact on the magnitude of each IMF component. It makes the peak of the charts shifted from the minima phase to the maxima phase. Other than that, the reconnection in magnetopause mostly occurs when the clock angle is between 1400–2520 or when the clock angle directions are southward. But the 23rd solar cycle shows the northward clock angle can also cause extreme geomagnetic storms.
Preliminary Result of Rayleigh Wave Tomography beneath Jailolo Volcanic Complex, North Moluccas, Indonesia using Ambient Noise
Authors: Vita A N , Zulfakriza  , Martha A A , Rohadi S , Heryandoko N , Milkerreit C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
From November 2015 to February 2016, seismic swarm activity occurred around Jailolo volcano, a long-dormant and few-studied volcano located on Halmahera Island, North Moluccas, Indonesia. We perform seismic ambient noise tomography method to delineate the sub-surface seismic structure beneath Jailolo volcanic complex. We use the vertical seismogram data from 29 temporary short-period seismic stations of 7G Seismic Network from January to March 2017 observation. The 7G Seismic Network was collaborative research between the Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia, and the German Research Centre for Geoscience (GFZ). We cross-correlated vertical components of pair stations to estimate Green’s Rayleigh wave function. More than 350 group velocities were estimated. We measure the dispersion characteristic of Rayleigh wave group velocity by applying the frequency-time analysis (FTAN) technique. We compare Green Function and the dispersion curve by applying different band-pass filters. The Green Function of Rayleigh wave is clearly seen in causal and/or acausal part by applied 0.01-0.5 Hz band-pass filter and then dispersion curve is picked within 2-10 s. The Rayleigh group velocities average is 0.6-0.9 km/s.
A Preliminary Result: Characteristic and Mechanism of Deep earthquake in Java subduction zone
Authors: Rahman A , Afnimar  , Perdana Y H , Vita A N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of deep-focus earthquakes is unusual and has become one of mysterious seismic phenomena. The behavior of deep earthquake occurrence is still poorly understood. The geodynamical process of a deep earthquake must have a fundamental difference of physical processes from a shallow or intermediate earthquake. There are two main processes of deep earthquake occurrence, water infiltration into the subduction zone (dehydration embrittlement) and transformational faulting of metastable olivine. In Indonesia, the Java subduction zone is known as the deep earthquake source region. We will present preliminary results from the study of characteristic and geodynamical processes of deep earthquake events. We used catalog data from ISC-EHB and mechanism data from global CMT catalog within study area 3° – 13°S and 104,5° – 115°E. The activity of deep earthquakes in Java subduction showed 3 main characteristics i.e the seismicity decreases exponentially in 60 – 300 km depth, lack of earthquake activity due to hole structure in 330 – 500 km and increasing earthquake activity in 500-600 km depth due to transformational faulting of metastable olivine. Earthquakes’ focal mechanism most varies at shallow depth, subsequently, focal mechanism transition occurred from reverse at 60-300 km to normal at >300 km depth.
Simple Forward Calculation Study for Anomaly Response Simulation and Geomagnetic Data Transformation in Karangsambung Area
Authors: Aji W , Wahyudi E J , Simanjuntak S D , Belia S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A geomagnetic survey aims to obtain a model related to geological conditions based on the magnetic properties of the rock. Forward modeling techniques can estimate the anomalies that will be observed based on anomalous bodies below the surface. The rectangular prism body forward modeling approach can approximate a complex anomaly body to be a prism group, thus simplifying the computational process of forward modeling. In this research, a program for computing the forward calculation of magnetic data with a rectangular prism approach is arranged. The program is applied to perform forward modeling of the Karangsambung geological conceptual model. Based on the modeling carried out, the magnetic anomaly range in the Karangsambung area was obtained, namely -3200 nT to 2700 nT with the smallest wavelengths based on the simulation results shown in the range of 200 meters. In addition, the forward modeling program is also used to transform geomagnetic data in the Karangsambung area. The transformations applied are the reduction to the poles and the upward continuation transformation by utilizing the equivalent source technique. Based on the transformation result, it can be interpreted that the area of the intrusion rock in Karangsambung is indicated by a magnetic anomaly value of up to 400 nT, While the area of sedimentary rocks, especially the Karangsambung Formation, is shown by a low magnetic anomaly value reaching -400 nT.
Mapping of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) Values using the Donovan Model for Sumatran
Authors: Zera Tati , Fauziah Ai Rahmi , Nafian M. , Ramadhani Akbar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The island of Sumatra is characterized by three tectonic systems, which are sequentially from west to east consisting of an oblique subduction zone with gentle subduction angles, the Mentawai fault, and the Sumatran large fault zone (Semangko fault). These three tectonic systems have caused high seismic activity and have implications for ground movement (Peak Ground Acceleration). This research calculates the PGA value using the Donovan model based on historical data from 100 years of destructive earthquakes. The results of this calculation are mapped and obtained results that have similarities with the tectonic system, where the west coast is a high-risk area for ground movement. The model gives PGA results in the range 8.5508 – 368.1172 gal with a minimum value of 3.295° N, 95.982° E caused by earthquake 9.1 SR, Andaman Island. The maximum value is at 4.436° S, 101.076° E caused by earthquake 5.2 SR, Bengkulu. In general, this map provides an overview of the risk of land movement on the island of Sumatra and can be used for land movement disaster mitigation efforts.