bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Qx to Qy relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex
Authors: Do Thanh Nhut , Nguyen Hoang Long , Caffarri Stefano , Tan Howe-Siang 
Published: April 2022

Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
Tmem138 is localized to the connecting cilium essential for rhodopsin localization and outer segment biogenesis
Authors: Guo Dianlei , Ru Jiali , Xie Lijing , Wu Mingjuan , Su Yingchun , Zhu Shiyong , Xu Shujuan , Zou Bin , Wei Yanhong , Liu Xialin , Liu Yizhi , Liu Chunqiao 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The connecting cilium (CC) of the photoreceptor provides the only route for the trafficking of the outer segment (OS) proteins. Failure of OS protein transport causes degenerative photoreceptor diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa. We demonstrate that Tmem138, a protein linked to ciliopathy, is localized to the photoreceptor CC. Germline deletion of Tmem138 abolished OS morphogenesis, followed by rapid photoreceptor degeneration. Tmem138 interacts with rhodopsin and two additional CC compartment proteins, Ahi1 and Tmem231, likely forming a membrane complex to facilitate trafficking of rhodopsin and other OS-bound proteins across the CC. The study thus implicates a new line of regulation on the delivery of OS proteins through interactions with CC membrane complex(es) and provides insights into photoreceptor ciliopathy diseases.
Persistence of plasmids targeted by CRISPR interference in bacterial populations
Authors: Mamontov Viktor , Martynov Alexander , Morozova Natalia , Bukatin Anton , Staroverov Dmitry B. , Lukyanov Konstantin A. , Ispolatov Yaroslav , Semenova Ekaterina , Severinov Konstantin 
Published: April 2022

Significance
RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas nucleases efficiently protect bacterial cells from phage infection and plasmid transformation. Yet, the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas defense is not absolute. Mutations in either CRISPR-Cas components of the host or mobile genetic elements regions targeted by CRISPR-Cas inactivate the defensive action. Here, we show that even at conditions of active CRISPR-Cas and unaltered targeted plasmids, a kinetic equilibrium between CRISPR-Cas nucleases action and plasmid replication processes allows for existence of a small subpopulation of plasmid-bearing cells on the background of cells that have been cured from the plasmid. In nature, the observed diversification of phenotypes may allow rapid changes in the population structure to meet the demands of the environment.
On getting it right by being wrong: A case study of how flawed research may become self-fulfilling at last
Authors: Hamann Hanjo 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Understanding how humans process time series data is more pressing now than ever amid a progressing pandemic. Current research draws on some fifty years of empirical evidence on laypeople’s (in-)ability to extrapolate exponential growth. Yet even canonized evidence ought not to be trusted blindly. As a case in point, I review a seminal study that is still highly (even increasingly) cited, although seriously flawed. This case serves as both a reminder of how readily even experienced, well-meaning researchers underestimate exponential dynamics, and an admonition for subsequent researchers to critically read and evaluate the research they cite in order to catch and correct errors quickly rather than carry them forward over decades.
Supporting Informed Destination Development Using Visitor Intelligence
Authors: Vaugeois Nicole L. , Parker Pete 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Understanding of the profile of visiting markets can assist destinations to make informed and effective marketing investments. This case study describes a collaborative model to design and pilot a community-based visitor experience study on Vancouver Island intended to create a system for ongoing, local data for tourism development. Initiated in 2013 by two communities and Vancouver Island University, the model expanded across the island to 9 communities by 2015 due to its success and community buy in. The model intercepts visitors on their trip asking them to complete a ballot with their email address in exchange for a chance to win a set of attractive prizes from the destination. In exchange, visitors are later sent a web-based survey by email asking about their experience, preferences, satisfaction and characteristics. The project has enabled participating communities to learn more about their visitors and to enhance their marketing intelligence. The project is evaluated with communities annually at a meeting where refinements are made for successive years. This project highlights that systems to provide locally relevant data on visitors are valuable to assist communities to allocate their scarce marketing dollars effectively. The case study describes the elements in the design of the model, the process used to gather data, the tools used to share results and the feedback from the community stakeholders involved. Insights gained are valuable to those interested in modernizing data collection on visitors at the community or regional level.

VIU logo

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Information
Vancouver Island University World Leisure Centre of Excellence
© N.L. Vaugeois and P. Parker, 2015
Sustainable Tourism Development – The Mountaineering Village Initiative
Authors: Muskat Birgit , Reichenberger Ina , Muskat Matthias , Aigner Anna-Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Alpine areas, short-term-oriented tourism planning and a lack of sustainable development have often led to issues of commodification, overstrained infrastructure, increasing property prices and migration away from rural Alpine tourist destinations.

Information

© Muskat et al., 2022
EAST-Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope
Authors: Rao Changhui , Rao Xuejun , Du Zhimao , Bao Hua , Li Cheng , Huang Jinlong , Guo Youming , Zhong Libo , Lin Qing , Ge Xin , Yang Jinsheng , Fan Xinlong , Liu Yangyi , Jia Dan , Li Xin , Li Mei , Zhang Ming , Cheng Yuntao , Zhou Jiahui , Yao Jiawen , Zhang Lanqiang , Gu Naiting 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the public having a better understanding of solar activities, the Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope (EAST) was built in July 2021 and is located at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum. The EAST consists of a 65 cm aperture solar telescope with a 177-element adaptive optics system and two-channel high resolution imaging system at the Hα and TiO bands, in addition to three full disk solar telescopes at Ca K, Hα and TiO bands equipped on the tube of the main telescope. In this paper, the configuration of the EAST is described. Its performance and on-sky observational results are presented. The EAST, to our knowledge, is the most advanced solar telescope for the popularization of science in the world. Due to its excellent performance, the data acquired by the EAST can also be used for research on solar physics and space weather prediction.
Effect of impurity ions on the coupling between zonal flow and local turbulent transport in HL-2A plasmas
Authors: Zou Q. , Cheng J. , Xu Y. , Yan L.W. , Huang Z.H. , Wang W.C. , Wu N. , Xu J.Q. , Shen Y. , Liu L. , Dong C.F. , Fang Q. , Tang C.J. , Nie L. , Shi Z.B. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effect of impurity ions on the coupling between geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flow and local turbulent transport has been studied using a Langmuir probe array in HL-2A ohmically heated deuterium plasmas. The experimental results illustrate that both the frequency and amplitude level of the GAM zonal flow significantly reduce with increase in the carbon ion concentration, which is qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions (Xie et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
60 025015). Meanwhile less energy is transferred from turbulence to GAM zonal flow due to the reduction in tilting and stretching of the turbulent vortex. Consequently, the impurity ions enhance the turbulence and turbulent transport owing to the reduced GAM zonal flow, as demonstrated by experiment. The experimental results presented here therefore reveal the dual roles played by impurity ions in the dynamics of GAM zonal flow, which could contribute to the understanding of inherent mechanisms governing turbulent transport in the presence of impurity ions.
Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Cao Guangxiu , Li Linhao , Cai Qiang , Dunne Nicholas , Li Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment—bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, x-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
The wide range of possible aviation demand futures after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Franz Sebastian , Rottoli Marianna , Bertram Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aviation has been identified as one of the crucial hard-to-abate sectors, as long-range aviation in particular will continue to depend on liquid fuels for the foreseeable future. The sector was also one of the fastest growing emitters of fossil CO2 emissions until 2019 but experienced sharply reduced demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, making future demand outlooks more uncertain. While past studies have looked at the variation in future aviation demands due to variations in demographics, income levels, and pricing policies, an exploration of potentially more sustainable demand futures does not yet exist. Here we use an open-source model with a detailed representation of country-level aviation demand per international/domestic and business/leisure segments to analyze a range of scenarios based on a consistent and comprehensive interpretation of the qualitative narratives related to behavioural aspects as well as the socioeconomic data from different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Our results show a potential stabilization of global aviation demand at roughly twice the 2019 level in an SSP1 scenario, a weakened growth for an SSP2 scenario, while an SSP5 scenario projects an aviation future virtually unaffected by the COVID-19 shock, resulting in continued high growth rates. Further results show that without specific interventions that change the past demand growth patterns, the aviation sector could grow to levels that are very challenging to defossilize in a sustainable manner. Therefore, policies aiming at less frequent flying seem to be an important component of long-term decarbonisation strategies, and decisions regarding airport extensions should carefully assess the risk of stranded infrastructure.
In silico modeling of tibial fatigue life in physically active males and females during different exercise protocols
Authors: Paul Elliot , Pant Anup , George Stephanie , Willson John , Meardon Stacey , Vahdati Ali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Preventing bone stress injuries (BSI) requires a deep understanding of the condition’s underlying causes and risk factors. Subject-specific computer modeling studies of gait mechanics, including the effect of changes in running speed, stride length, and landing patterns on tibial stress injury formation can provide essential insights into BSI prevention. This study aimed to computationally examine the effect of different exercise protocols on tibial fatigue life in male and female runners during prolonged walking and running at three different speeds. To achieve these aims, we combined subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gait data, finite element analysis, and a fatigue life prediction algorithm, including repair and adaptation’s influence. The algorithm predicted a steep increase in the likelihood of developing a BSI within the first 40 days of activity. In five of the six subjects simulated, faster running speeds corresponded with higher tibial strains and higher probability of failure. Our simulations also showed that female subjects had a higher mean peak probability of failure in all four gait conditions than the male subjects studied. The approach used in this study could lay the groundwork for studies in larger populations and patient-specific clinical tools and decision support systems to reduce BSIs in athletes, military personnel, and other active individuals.
BFF and cellhashR: analysis tools for accurate demultiplexing of cell hashing data
Authors: Boggy Gregory J , McElfresh G W , Mahyari Eisa , Ventura Abigail B , Hansen Scott G , Picker Louis J , Bimber Benjamin N 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell sequencing methods provide previously impossible resolution into the transcriptome of individual cells. Cell hashing reduces single-cell sequencing costs by increasing capacity on droplet-based platforms. Cell hashing methods rely on demultiplexing algorithms to accurately classify droplets; however, assumptions underlying these algorithms limit accuracy of demultiplexing, ultimately impacting the quality of single-cell sequencing analyses.ResultsWe present Bimodal Flexible Fitting (BFF) demultiplexing algorithms BFFcluster and BFFraw, a novel class of algorithms that rely on the single inviolable assumption that barcode count distributions are bimodal. We integrated these and other algorithms into cellhashR, a new R package that provides integrated QC and a single command to execute and compare multiple demultiplexing algorithms. We demonstrate that BFFcluster demultiplexing is both tunable and insensitive to issues with poorly behaved data that can confound other algorithms. Using two well-characterized reference datasets, we demonstrate that demultiplexing with BFF algorithms is accurate and consistent for both well-behaved and poorly behaved input data.Availability and implementationcellhashR is available as an R package at https://github.com/BimberLab/cellhashR. cellhashR version 1.0.3 was used for the analyses in this manuscript and is archived on Zenodo at https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6402477.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Widespread cortical functional disconnection in gliomas: an individual network mapping approach
Authors: Silvestri Erica , Moretto Manuela , Facchini Silvia , Castellaro Marco , Anglani Mariagiulia , Monai Elena , D’Avella Domenico , Della Puppa Alessandro , Cecchin Diego , Bertoldo Alessandra , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Assessment of impaired/preserved cortical regions in brain tumours is typically performed via intraoperative direct brain stimulation of eloquent areas or task-based functional MRI. One main limitation is that they overlook distal brain regions or networks that could be functionally impaired by the tumour. This study aims (i) to investigate the impact of brain tumours on the cortical synchronization of brain networks measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (resting-state networks) both near the lesion and remotely and (ii) to test whether potential changes in resting-state networks correlate with cognitive status. The sample included 24 glioma patients (mean age: 58.1 ± 16.4 years) with different pathological staging. We developed a new method for single subject localization of resting-state networks abnormalities. First, we derived the spatial pattern of the main resting-state networks by means of the group-guided independent component analysis. This was informed by a high-resolution resting-state networks template derived from an independent sample of healthy controls. Second, we developed a spatial similarity index to measure differences in network topography and strength between healthy controls and individual brain tumour patients. Next, we investigated the spatial relationship between altered networks and tumour location. Finally, multivariate analyses related cognitive scores across multiple cognitive domains (attention, language, memory, decision making) with patterns of multi-network abnormality. We found that brain gliomas cause broad alterations of resting-state networks topography that occurred mainly in structurally normal regions outside the tumour and oedema region. Cortical regions near the tumour often showed normal synchronization. Finally, multi-network abnormalities predicted attention deficits. Overall, we present a novel method for the functional localization of resting-state networks abnormalities in individual glioma patients. These abnormalities partially explain cognitive disabilities and shall be carefully navigated during surgery.
Heterosubtypic, cross-reactive immunity to human Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B
Authors: Bilgilier Ceren , Schneider Martina , Kührer Kristina , Kilb Normann , Hartl Ramona , Topakian Thais , Kastner Marie-Theres , Herz Tobias , Nelson Cody S , Permar Sallie R , Roth Günter , Steininger Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome is highly variable and heterosubtypic immunity should be considered in vaccine development since it can enhance protection in a cross-reactive manner. Here, we developed a protein array to evaluate heterosubtypic immunity to CMV glycoprotein B (gB) in natural infection and vaccination. DNA sequences of four antigenic domains (AD1, AD2, AD4/5, and AD5) of gB were amplified from six reference and 12 clinical CMV strains, and the most divergent genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Assigned genotypes were in vitro translated and immobilized on protein array. Then, we tested immune response of variable serum groups (primarily infected patients, reactivated CMV infections and healthy individuals with latent CMV infection, as well gB-vaccinated rabbits) with protein in situ array (PISA). Serum antibodies of all patient cohorts and gB-vaccinated rabbits recognized many genetic variants of ADs on protein array, including but not limited to the subtype of infecting strain. High-grade cross-reactivity was observed. In several patients, we observed none or neglectable immune response to AD1 and AD2, while the same patients showed high antibody response to AD4/5 and AD5. Among the primary infected patients, AD5 was the predominant AD, in antibody response. The most successful CMV vaccine to date contains gB and demonstrates only 50% efficacy. In this study, we showed that heterosubtypic and cross-reactive immunity to CMV gB is extensive. Therefore, the failure of CMV gB vaccines cannot be explained by a highly, strain-specific immunity. Our observations suggest that other CMV antigens should be addressed in vaccine design.
The fecal shield is a double-edged sword for larvae of a leaf beetle
Authors: Huang Zheng-Zhong , Dong Ze-Qun , Liang Zu-Long , Zhang Bin , Xue Huai-Jun , Ge Si-Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarvae of some leaf beetles carry masses of feces covering parts or all of the body, which is called a “fecal shield”. In general, the shield is thought to be a defense structure against natural enemies. However, some studies have suggested that defense effectiveness varies depending on the natural enemy. In this study, we used a fecal retention leaf beetle Ophrida xanthospilota (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and 2 local generalist predators (an ant, Camponotus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and a stinkbug, Arma custos [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]) as a system to test the hypothesis that the fecal shield of O. xanthospilota plays different roles in predation behavior of different predators and can provide multiple chemical communication signals in predator–prey interactions. Prey bioassays showed that the fecal shield of O. xanthospilota larvae repelled the ant C. japonicus while attracting the stinkbug A. custos. The results also strongly demonstrated that hexane extracts of the fecal shield significantly repelled C. japonicus, while dichloromethane (DCM) extracts did not inhibit ant predation. Interestingly, DCM extracts attracted A. custos, but hexane extracts did not. Therefore, we suggest that the fecal shield is a double-edged sword for the larvae of O. xanthospilota. Our results also indicated that the risk–benefit tradeoff of an insect should be estimated at a community level involving multiple enemies (predators and parasites) and herbivores, rather than in a single prey–predator pair.
The Epigraph Effect: A Digital Humanities Approach to Literary Influence and Tradition
Authors: Matthews Graham , Bond Francis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is common to discover an epigraph in the opening pages of a novel that highlights one or more of the major themes and denotes the influence of another author on the composition of the text. Yet, the inclusion of an epigraph also bestows prestige on the citing text – helping the author to select his or her place in the wider literary tradition – and situates the text in a particular genre or historical period. In order to trace the development of what Gérard Genette dubbed the ‘epigraph effect’, we collected 16,963 epigraphs and recorded their provenance (author, work, date, and country of origin). This collection enables us to trace intertextual connections between authors throughout literary history and national traditions.