bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of weight gain between HIV exposed uninfected and HIV unexposed uninfected infants who received KMC at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital
Authors: Mapatha Leshata Abigail , Nakwa Firdose Lambey , Mokhachane Mantoa 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionKangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has been associated with improved growth in low birthweight infants and reduction in hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, apnoeas, sepsis, hospital stay, and mortality. The growth of HIV-infected children is poorer than those who are HIV-uninfected. There is paucity of data on weight gain in the HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants receiving KMC.AimThis study compared the weight gain of HEU and infants HUU from admission to the KMC ward until 12 months corrected age (CA) follow-up visit.MethodsRetrospective record review of the neonates admitted in KMC at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital over a 2-year period (2012–2013). The weight gain was assessed via weight velocity using the formula; weight/kg/day from admission to KMC to discharge, and g/ week at term, 3, 6 and 9- and 12-months (CA). The demographics were collected and analyzed using Statistica.ResultsSeventy-seven (129/166) percent of the mothers were HIV negative. HIV negative mothers were younger (25.9 vs. 31.6 years; p = 0.000) and had fewer pregnancies (p = 0.02). There was no difference between the gestational age (30.3 ± 2.53 vs. 30.8 ± 2.88 weeks; p = 0.35) and birthweight (1,345 g ± 234 vs. 1,314 g ± 209; p = 0.47) between HEU and HUU. There were no differences in the weight gain (23.83 g ± 12.2 vs. 23.22 g ± 15.2; p = 0.83) in KMC. There was no differences in weight gain at the different follow-up time points between the two groups.ConclusionBoth HEU and HUU groups of infants showed reasonable weight gain despite maternal HIV status.
Impact of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias on colorectal cancer screening utilization, knowledge, and associated health disparities
Authors: Lv Gang , Wang Xiaoxia , Jiang Xiangxiang , Li Minghui , Lu Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer screening can detect colorectal cancer at an early stage and reduce mortality. None of the existing clinical practice guidelines provide specific recommendations for colorectal cancer screening in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Limited studies have assessed the impacts of ADRD on colorectal cancer screening use and knowledge, and no studies have focused on the associated health disparities.Objectives: To examine the utilization, knowledge, and associated health disparities of colorectal cancer screening in older adults with ADRD.Methods: This study used the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 2015 to 2018. Two types of colorectal cancer screening, including fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, were measured. The colorectal cancer screening knowledge was evaluated by asking if the participants have heard of two screening methods and whether they knew Medicare pays for colorectal cancer screenings. Logistic regression models were used to examine the impact of ADRD diagnosis on the utilization and knowledge of colorectal cancer screening.Results: The overall colorectal cancer screening rate in older adults increased from 86.4% to 88.96% from 2015 to 2018. Patients with AD were 39% (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.50–0.76) less likely and those with RD were 25% (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62–0.91) less likely to use any colorectal cancer screening when compared to older adults without ADRD. The rate of knowledge of colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy remained high between 84.23% and 84.57% while the knowledge of FOBT increased from 64.32% to 78.69% during the study period. Compared to older adults without ADRD, those with AD were 77% (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.12–2.81) more likely to hear of colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy. The rate of knowledge of Medicare pay for colorectal cancer screening increased from 42.19% to 45.27% during the study period. Compared to older adults without ADRD, those with AD were 19% (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70–0.94) less likely to know that Medicare pays for colorectal cancer screening.Conclusion: ADRD was significantly associated with colorectal cancer screening utilization and knowledge. In addition, this study identified health disparities in race/ethnicity, gender, and urban/rural residence in colorectal cancer screening use and knowledge.
Optimal dose of cefotaxime in neonates with early-onset sepsis: A developmental pharmacokinetic model-based evaluation
Authors: Shang Zhen-Hai , Wu Yue-E , Lv Dong-Mei , Zhang Wei , Liu Wen-Qiang , van den Anker John , Xu Yan , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2022

Objective: The perspective of real-world study is especially relevant to newborns, enabling dosage regimen optimization and regulatory approval of medications for use in newborns. The aim of the present study was to conduct a pharmacokinetic analysis of cefotaxime and evaluate the dosage used in newborns with early-onset sepsis (EOS) using real-world data in order to support the rational use in the clinical practice.Methods: This prospective, open-label study was performed in newborns with EOS. A developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of cefotaxime in EOS patients was established based on an opportunistic sampling method. Then, clinical evaluation of cefotaxime was conducted in newborns with EOS using real-world data.Results: A one-compartment model with first-order elimination was developed, using 101 cefotaxime concentrations derived from 51 neonates (30.1–41.3°C weeks postmenstrual age), combining current weight and postnatal age. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target was defined as the free cefotaxime concentration above MIC during 70% of the dosing interval (70% fT &gt; MIC), and 100% of neonates receiving the dose of 50 mg/kg, BID attained the target evaluated using the model. Additionally, only two newborns had adverse reactions possibly related to cefotaxime treatment, including diarrhea and feeding intolerance.Conclusion: This prospective real-world study demonstrated that cefotaxime (50 mg/kg, BID) had a favorable efficacy and an accepted safety profile for neonates with EOS.
Case report: Uridine triacetate in the management of delayed onset 5-fluorouracil toxicity: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jacob Aasems , Sekkath Veedu Janeesh , Selene Insija , Raj Rishi , Kannan Lakshmi , Patel Reema 
Published: September 2022

5-fluorouracil (5FU) and capecitabine are fluoropyrimidine anti-neoplastic drugs commonly used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Hereditary dihydropyrimdine deaminase (DPD), thymidylate synthase mutations and drug overdose may lead to life-threatening toxicities. Uridine triacetate (UTA) is an emergency treatment for overdoses and early onset, severe or life-threatening toxicities from fluoropyrimidines. It is approved for use in adults and children within 96 h of last fluoropyrimidine administration. We present the case of a 64-year-old male treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin as adjuvant systemic therapy for stage IIIA rectal cancer who developed delayed central nervous system toxicity 18 days after initiating chemotherapy. He had rapidly worsening encephalopathy and ataxia. Laboratory workups, MRI brain and EEG were negative. He was started on UTA with concerns of 5-FU toxicity due to the life-threatening nature of his condition even beyond the recommended 96-h time cut-off. He had rapid improvement in clinical status and resolution of encephalopathy. DPD deficiency testing later resulted as heterozygous for IVS14+1G&gt;A allele indicating enzyme deficiency. This report demonstrates the importance of identifying delayed side effects with fluoropyrimidine therapy and potential treatment for reversing these effects. We also did an extensive literature review and obtained reports from the uridine triacetate clinical trials on patients receiving UTA after the 96-h cut-off. Based on our experience and previous published reports, a patient developing life-threatening delayed 5-FU toxicity should also be considered for UTA on a case-by-case basis.
Factors associated with treatment outcomes of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in China: A retrospective study using competing risk model
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Lai Keng , Li Tiegang , Lin Zhuochen , Liang Zichao , Du Yuhua , Zhang Jinxin 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesDrug-resistant tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries, including China. This study determined treatment outcomes among a cohort in Guangzhou, China, and identified factors associated with them.MethodsWe initiated a retrospective study using drug-resistant TB data in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2020, managed by Guangzhou Chest Hospital. A competing risk model was used to identify the factors associated with treatment failure and death, as well as loss to follow-up (LTFU).ResultsA total of 809 patients were included in the study, of which 281 were under treatment. Of the remaining 528 who had clear treatment outcomes, the number and proportion of treatment success, treatment failure, death, and LTFU were 314 (59.5%), 14 (2.7%), 32 (6.0%), and 168 (31.8%), respectively. Being older and having cavities involving the upper lungs were risk factors for treatment failure and death, while non-Guangzhou household registration and interprovincial mobility were risk factors associated with LTFU.ConclusionTreatment failure and death were significantly associated with cavitation in the lungs, and LTFU was significantly associated with household registration and geographical mobility. Early identification of factors associated with different treatment outcomes is extremely important for policymakers, health experts, and researchers to implement appropriate strategies and measures to treat and manage the TB-infected population in China.
Emergency food distribution efforts in New Orleans, LA after Hurricane Ida
Authors: Singleton Chelsea R. , Chaparro M. Pia , O'Malley Keelia , Fuster Melissa , Rose Donald 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe provision of food aid after a natural disaster is necessary to prevent hunger, particularly in low-resourced and low-income communities. Little is known about the operational challenges associated with ensuring equitable distribution of emergency food resources to communities in need following a disaster. To address this gap, this study assessed emergency food distribution efforts in New Orleans, LA during the 2 weeks following Hurricane Ida's landfall on August 29, 2021.MethodsInformation on free food distribution events was gathered from online sources. A list of distribution sites was generated that included data on operational logistics (e.g., address, days of operation, hours of operation, etc.), food offerings (e.g., prepared meals, groceries, etc.), and socio-demographic characteristics of the surrounding community. Geospatial mapping and bivariate analyses were used to analyze the site data.ResultsSeventy-four distribution sites operated in the 2 weeks after Hurricane Ida. Approximately 47.3% were located in census tracts with &gt;80% Black residents, and 39.2% were in tracts with &gt;30% poverty. A large proportion of sites offered prepared meals (86.2%) and only operated 1 day (36.5%). Tracts with &gt;80% Black residents had more sites that operated only 1 day (p = 0.04). Tracts with &gt;30% poverty had more sites that started distributing food resources 7–15 days after the hurricane (p = 0.02).ConclusionsMost low-income and low-resourced communities in New Orleans had access to emergency food resources; however, several limitations in operations were identified that may have influenced access. Future initiatives to prevent hunger after a natural disaster in New Orleans, and elsewhere, should improve operational logistics for food aid.
Practice change in community health centers: A qualitative study of leadership attributes
Authors: Tektiridis Jennifer H. , Heredia Natalia I. , Morgan Robert O. , Mikhail Osama I. , Risendal Betsy C. , Kegler Michelle C. , Fernandez Maria E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis paper explores leadership attributes important for practice change in community health centers (CHCs) and assesses attributes' fit with the Full-Range Leadership Theory (FRLT).MethodsWe conducted four focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews with 48 CHC leaders from several U.S. states using a modified appreciative inquiry approach. Thematic analysis was used to review transcripts for leadership concepts and code with a priori FRLT-derived and inductive codes.ResultsCHC leaders most often noted attributes associated with transformational leadership as essential for practice change. Important attributes included emphasizing a collective sense of mission and a compelling, achievable vision; expressing enthusiasm about what needs to be done; and appealing to employees' analytical reasoning and challenging others to think creatively to problem solve. Few expressions of leadership fit with the transactional typology, though some did mention active vigilance to ensure standards are met, clarifying role and task requirements, and rewarding followers. Passive-avoidant attributes were rarely mentioned.ConclusionsOur results enhance understanding of leadership attributes supportive of successful practice change in CHCs.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of heart rate characteristics monitoring to improve survival for very low birth weight infants
Authors: King William E. , Carlo Waldemar A. , O'Shea T. Michael , Schelonka Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOver 50,000 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are born each year in the United States. Despite advances in care, these premature babies are subjected to long stays in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and experience high rates of morbidity and mortality. In a large randomized controlled trial (RCT), heart rate characteristics (HRC) monitoring in addition to standard monitoring decreased all-cause mortality among VLBW infants by 22%. We sought to understand the cost-effectiveness of HRC monitoring to improve survival among VLBW infants.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of cost-effectiveness of heart rate characteristics (HRC) monitoring to improve survival from birth to NICU discharge, up to 120 days using data and outcomes from an RCT of 3,003 VLBW patients. We estimated each patient's cost from a third-party perspective in 2021 USD using the resource utilization data gathered during the RCT (NCT00307333) during their initial stay in the NICU and applied to specific per diem rates. We computed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and used non-parametric boot-strapping to evaluate uncertainty.ResultsThe incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of HRC-monitoring was $34,720 per life saved. The 95th percentile of cost to save one additional life through HRC-monitoring was $449,291.ConclusionHRC-monitoring appears cost-effective for increasing survival among VLBW infants.
Risk factors and management associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenoma
Authors: Li Bin , Zhao Sida , Fang Qiuyue , Nie Ding , Cheng Jianhua , Zhu Haibo , Li Chuzhong , Gui Songbai , Zhang Yazhuo , Zhao Peng 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors and management for the development of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after an endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary adenomas.MethodsThe clinical data of 400 patients who underwent EES for resection of pituitary adenomas from December 2018 to November 2019 in the Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, Knosp grade, suprasellar extension grade, sellar floor erosion grade, repeated transsphenoidal surgery, intraoperative CSF leak, use of pedicled nasoseptal flap and lumbar drain were collected and analyzed.ResultsPostoperative CSF leak occurred in 14 of 400 patients (3.5%). Age, gender, BMI, tumor size, Knosp grade and repeated transsphenoidal surgery were not risk factors for CSF leak. Suprasellar extension grade (≥B 6.0% vs. &lt;B 1.4%; p = 0.024), sellar floor erosion grade (≥III 5.7% vs. &lt;III 0.6%; p = 0.020) and intraoperative CSF leak (Yes 7.5% vs. No 2.0%; p = 0.009) were factors associated with an increased postoperative CSF leak rate.ConclusionsHigher suprasellar extension grade, higher sellar floor erosion grade and intraoperative CSF leak were risk factors for postoperative CSF leak after endoscopic treatment of pituitary adenoma. Strict skull base reconstruction including use of a pedicled nasoseptal flap and perioperative lumbar drainage may avoid postoperative CSF leak.
Analysis of the impact of electronic sports on anxiety and biochemical factors of players
Authors: Ayhan Savaş 
Published: September 2022

An obvious characteristic of computer games is stress, competition, and physiological alterations in the body. It is regarded as an important subject including those factors in e-sports, getting progressively popular in the digital era. The psychological and physiological impacts of e-sports, conducted in a competitive ambiance, on the body and mind over the course of competitions are not yet known. The aim of the paper is determining the impacts of players performing in e-sports games on some biochemical and hormonal factors shaped in the body during the game. In the group of research, there are twenty electronic sports volunteer players playing in e-sports games. Samples are gathered from the players in the study thirty minutes before and after electronic sports games. Given the results, it is concluded that e-sports players' ACTH, cortisol, and testosterone levels rose substantially.
Direito dos alunos imigrantes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e as dificuldades de permanência na escola
Authors: Arf Lucilene Machado Garcia , Da Silva Ketilin Duarte 
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho analisa o direito do aluno imigrante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, buscando compreender, com base na cronologia da legislação constitucional e infraconstitucional, em que o direito dos alunos imigrantes está positivado e, recorre à revisão da literatura sobre o tema, por meio de pesquisas de artigos científicos em páginas como: scielo; portal periódicos da Capes; biblioteca digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP. Dialoga ainda com a legislação de âmbito internacional, utilizando para isso conferências, tratados convenções e declarações internacionais para fazer frente à internacionalização da educação na legislação nacional infraconstitucional e a alguns desafios das escolas brasileiras em relação aos alunos imigrantes, cujos dados do censo escolar 2021 e do relatório anual OBMIGRA sobre o quantitativo de alunos por esfera administrativa demostra que, a rede pública de ensino é a que mais acolhe os estudantes migrantes internacionais e ainda evidencia a representatividade dos estudantes latinos. Para dar suporte teórico ao texto, recorremos a autores como CAMPOS E SILVA (2015), ANTUNES, ZWESTSCH, SARTURI, 2017.
Entrepreneurship Education: The international pedagogical project COTADAS – Co-Creation to analyses and development of strategic scenarios
Authors: Costa Teresa , Mares Pedro , Borges William , Teixeira Nuno 
Published: September 2022

The “new normality” and the growing uncertainty that the world faces determine the development of different business and innovative ways of work. To this end, a new mindset and new competences are required to the actors that will participate in these new social and business contexts. Higher Education will certainly have its role in shaping this mindset and competences of the future managers who should be able to participate in the co-creation of value propositions for companies.
The project COTADAS (CO-creation To Analyses and Development of Strategic Scenarios) aims to contribute to the training of these future managers. The project aims to analyse and develop strategic scenarios that facilitate intelligent and sustainable value propositions, through digital and intelligent tools. Supported in a multidisciplinary approach and using innovative methodologies, it is intended to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge in less attractive areas for students, namely the areas of finance, revealing how this knowledge can leverage emerging and important areas of knowledge such as innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainability.
The objective of this article is to describe and evaluate the COTADAS project, developed in two Higher Education Institutes (Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal and Federal Institute of Santa Catarina) with Portuguese and Brazilian students.
This study is structured in two main parts. In the first part we present a theoretical approach and in the second part we describe the project and the results of the assessment. A questionnaire was applied to participants to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the project and its impact on entrepreneurial skills. The results revealed a high degree of student’s satisfaction, as well as a valuable impact on the acquisition and development of entrepreneurial skills. Several advantages in participating in COTADAS were pointed out as well as some possible improvements that can enrich the next project edition. Finally, the results allowed us to understand that both successes and failures were important aspects in the students' learning and personal growth.
Legal Incentives and Constraints on Innovation: Keeping the Balance
Authors: Smith Robert , Perry Mark 
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced civil society and business to face a new reality where much greater reliance needed to be placed on networked devices and internet distributed communications, including the provision of services ranging from medical advice to food, entertainment and even the facility to interact with family. The ability to meet in-person with family, friends, colleagues, business associates or customers was severely restricted leaving internationalisation as a utopian dream as borders were closed, students were denied access to a physical classrooms and businesses had to rapidly “pivot” or fail. These alternatives to real life have seemed less appealing to many, with every aspect of life “going online”, whether virtual lectures, exams, meetings, mediations, court appearances, job interviews, shopping for a piece of cheese or starting a new trade relationship.
Much innovation over the last two years has been around deploying online business models. There has also been a wider use of artificial intelligence to support “efficient” operations partly stimulated by the falling staffing levels due to the pandemic directly through sickness or forced isolations, or indirectly by a growing sense of the futility of working for a business, known as the Great Resignation (“Over the 12 months ending in January 2022, hires totalled 76.4 million and separations totalled 70.0 million…” indicating a huge refocusing on jobs in the USA)
This paper looks at the challenge for legal systems to pivot around the growing trends in deployments of online innovation. Some businesses are now widely deploying software-based analysis systems, such as Airbnb, which is using them to “verify the identity and trustworthiness of a user of an online system” and flag potential guests who may be problematic. Although Airbnb is a multibillion-dollar business, it is a good example of how through using publicly available data, user supplied information, and smart software (artificial intelligence) a business can make predictions on the behaviour of its potential customers. Other AI resources have been creating new gaming scenarios, reporting on the news, and even creating new artworks and music. These kinds of use of AI in the marketplace have challenged the legal frameworks that support individual privacy and also ideas around human creativity.