bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring mental health recovery: Cross‐cultural adaptation of the 15‐item Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery in Spain (QPR‐15‐SP)
Authors: Goodman‐Casanova Jessica Marian , Cuesta‐Lozano Daniel , Garcia‐Gallardo Marta , Duran‐Jimenez Francisco Javier , Mayoral‐Cleries Fermin , Guzman‐Parra Jose 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMental health services need reliable and valid instruments to measure mental health recovery outcomes, and the only available one in Spanish is arduous. Adapting an instrument is more efficient than creating a new one as it enables international comparison research. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross‐cultural adaptation of the 15‐item Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery.Fifty‐four participants engaged in a five‐stage systematic and standardized process carried out from November 2019 to November 2020. Professional translators (n = 4) from the Translation Service Center for Foreign Languages of the Universidad de Alcalá participated in the direct translation, synthesis and back translation stages, and mental health professionals (n = 33) and service users (n = 17) from the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga and the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in Andalucía (Spain), with an average of 19.2 (SD 12.86) years of experience in mental health, participated in the committee of experts and pilot debriefing stages. Additionally, legibility was assessed.Out of the 15‐items of the questionnaire, three (20%) were equal amongst translations, three items (20%) of the back translations matched the original questionnaire and discrepancies identified were adapted accordingly. Seven items (46.7%) were approved online by experts and consensus of alternative translations was reached for the rest. The average time spent completing the questionnaire by service users during the face‐to‐face pilot was 4.12 min (SD 2.25). Internal consistency obtained was ω = 0.95 and α = 0.91. Debriefing findings reported the questionnaire as comprehensible (97.1%), adequate in wording (91.2%), formal in language (55.9%) and adequate in terms of length (100%). The questionnaire scored 65.53, ‘normal’ readability, on the Inflesz scale.The adapted instrument has conceptual, linguistic, cultural and metric equivalence to the original instrument.
Consequences of changing spatial configuration at sowing in the transitions between crop and pasture phases
Authors: Hayes Richard C. , Newell Matthew T. , Swan Anthony D. , Peoples Mark B. , Pembleton Keith G. , Li Guangdi D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProspects for improving the productivity of species mixtures in transitions between phases by changing row configuration at sowing were examined in two series of field experiments in rain‐fed, semi‐arid environments in south‐eastern Australia. The first series explored how the choice of cover crop and use of alternate drill row configurations affected establishment and yields of sward components in the transition from a cropping into a pasture phase. Cover‐crop species included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and lupins (Lupinus augustifolius L.), each sown in mixed or alternate drill rows with lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The second series of experiments examined the productivity implications when returning from the pasture phase back into cropping following 10 contrasting pastures sown to various combinations of lucerne, subterranean clover or phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) sown in mixed, alternate (1:1) or double skip (1:2) row configurations in the absence of cover crops. All experiments were sown on a 0.25‐m row spacing. In the transition into the pasture phase, grain yields of cover crops in the mixed drill row treatment were similar to those achieved by crops grown in the absence of pasture species but were reduced by an average of 24% in the alternate drill row configuration. Canola and lupin crop biomass were lower, compared with wheat and barley, leading to increased pasture yields in year 1, highlighting an opportunity for increased use of these species as cover/companion crops in semi‐arid environments. Pasture yields beyond year 1 were reduced by ~20% in the alternate drill row treatments compared with where species were sown in mixed drill rows, with greater yield differences under more favourable growing conditions. This response largely reflected yield reductions in lucerne where it was concentrated in fewer drill rows. The alternate drill row configuration increased the abundance of subterranean clover in year 1, but this species remained a minor component of all swards beyond the establishment year. In the transition into the cropping phase, effects on grain quality could only be attributed to row configuration of the previous pasture to the extent that row configuration changed pasture composition. Grain size was smallest and protein concentration highest where previous pastures contained both lucerne and subterranean clover without phalaris. Taken together, there was little advantage in total productivity attributable to spatially separating species in drill rows at sowing.
A carvacrol-based product reduces Campylobacter jejuni load and alters microbiota composition in the caeca of chickens
Authors: Allaoua Marion , Bonnafé Elsa , Etienne Pierre , Noirot Virginie , Gabarrou Jean-François , Castinel Adrien , Pascal Géraldine , Darbot Vincent , Treilhou Michel , Combes Sylvie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
This study was conducted to test the ability of a carvacrol-based formulation (Phodé, France) to decrease the C. jejuni caecal load in inoculated broiler chickens and to study the impact of the C. jejuni inoculation alone or combined with the product, on the caecal microbiota.

Methods and Results
On day 1, chickens were either fed a control feed or the same diet supplemented with a carvacrol-based product. On day 21, the carvacrol-supplemented chickens and half of the non-supplemented chickens were inoculated with C. jejuni (108 CFU). Quantitative PCR was used to quantify C. jejuni in chicken caecal samples and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out at 25, 31 and 35 days of age. A significant decrease of 1.4 log of the C. jejuni caecal load was observed in 35-day-old chickens supplemented with the product, compared to the inoculated and unsupplemented group (p &lt; 0.05). The inoculation with C. jejuni significantly increased the population richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity and altered beta-diversity. Compared to the control group, the C. jejuni inoculation causes significant changes in the microbiota. The carvacrol-based product associated with C. jejuni inoculation increased the diversity and strongly modified the structure of the microbial community. Functional analysis by 16S rRNA gene-based predictions further revealed that the product up-regulated the pathways involved in the antimicrobial synthesis, which could explain its shaping effect on the caecal microbiota.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed the impairment of the caecal bacterial community after inoculation and demonstrated the ability of the product to reduce the C. jejuni load in chickens. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mode of action of this product to promote the installation of a beneficial microbiota to its host.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Results suggested that this product could be promising to control C. jejuni contamination of broilers.
Identifying key components of a web‐based long term care planning intervention for family caregivers of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities
Authors: Chicas Vanessa E. , Steinway Caren , Chen Jack , Schwartz Matthew C. , Wright Charmaine , Cornacchia Michelle , Davis Thomas W. , Berens John C. , Riddle Ilka , Woodward Jason F. , Jan Sophia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew family caregivers of individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities develop long‐term care (LTC) plans for their relative. Web‐based interventions promoting LTC planning have potential for widespread adoption into clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted focus groups with 49 primary caregivers of individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities in NY, PA, OH, DE, and TX to identify barriers and facilitators of LTC planning, review existing tools, and identify critical features for web‐based LTC planning interventions. Participants also answered questions on demographic characteristics and functional status.ResultsNVivo qualitative analysis software was used to analyse focus groups using a grounded theory approach. Caregivers identified web tool accessibility and topics such as finances, housing, and government benefits as critical. Caregivers also described desired features for a LTC planning tool.ConclusionsThis study identified desired characteristics of web‐based LTC planning tools and ways in which existing web‐based interventions might be adapted or enhanced.
Political connections, tacit power and corporate misconduct
Authors: McCarten Matthew , Diaz‐Rainey Ivan , Roberts Helen , Tan Eric K. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of political connections (i.e., lobbying and political contributions) on the time it takes to detect corporate misconduct and the size of penalties following securities class actions (SCAs), restatements and Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAERs). We find firms with political connections exhibit longer misconduct periods for SCAs, and such ability to conceal misconduct for longer translates into a larger settlement size. In addition, we find politically connected firms are associated with greater shareholder losses and are less likely to be involved in Securities Exchange Commission enforcement actions on restatements. Finally, while we do not find any relation between political connections and the likelihood of AAERs being settled, we find political connections are associated with lower AAER settlement size.
Does corporate governance have a differential effect on downside and upside risk?
Authors: Ali Searat , Liu Benjamin , Su Jen Je 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether corporate governance has differential effects on downside and upside risk. Intuitively, strong corporate governance should decrease the downside risk but increase the upside risk. However, using a large panel of 1164 non‐financial Australian firms from 2001 to 2013, we find that strong corporate governance relates negatively not only to downside risk but also to upside risk. These findings are robust to alternative risk‐taking and corporate governance proxies and alternative sample specifications. We also show that our main results are unaffected due to endogeneity bias by using firm and industry‐year fixed effects, lagged independent variables, generalized method of moments and entropy balancing estimation techniques. In additional analyses, we document that our main results are homogeneous across different industries and for firms with varying levels of boardroom gender diversity. However, we find that our main results are driven by firms with lower ownership concentration as well as by older and more mature firms. Finally, we document that while reducing risk‐taking (downside and upside risk), corporate governance reduces firm value. From a regulatory perspective, these findings raise questions on the design of monitoring‐focused corporate governance recommendations and have implications for risk management.
HNRNPC regulates RhoA to induce DNA damage repair and cancer‐associated fibroblast activation causing radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xia Ning , Yang Nannan , Shan Qungang , Wang Ziyin , Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Yingjie , Lu Jian , Huang Wei , Wang Zhongmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages and consequent late diagnosis. Its mortality rate remains high despite advances in treatment strategies, which include a combination of surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. Although these approaches may have a positive effect on prognosis, the development of chemo‐ and radioresistance still poses a significant challenge for successful PC treatment. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (HNRNPC) and RhoA have been implicated in the regulation of tumour cell proliferation and chemo‐ and radioresistance. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism for HNRNPC regulation of PC radiation resistance via the RhoA pathway. We found that HNRNPC and RhoA mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in PC tissues compared to adjacent non‐tumour tissue. Furthermore, high HNRNPC expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. Using HNRNPC overexpression and siRNA interference, we demonstrated that HNRNPC overexpression promoted radiation resistance in PC cells, while HNRNPC knockdown increased radiosensitivity. However, silencing of RhoA expression was shown to attenuate radiation resistance caused by HNRNPC overexpression. Next, we identified RhoA as a downstream target of HNRNPC and showed that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2‐YAP/TAZ pathway led to a reduction in DNA damage repair and radiation resistance. Finally, using both in vitro assays and an in vivo subcutaneous tumour xenograft model, we demonstrated that RhoA inhibition can hinder the activity of cancer‐related fibroblasts and weaken PC radiation resistance. Our study describes a role for HNRNPC and the RhoA/ROCK2‐YAP/TAZ signalling pathways in mediating radiation resistance and provides a potential therapeutic target for improving the treatment of PC.
Rosacea, an infectious disease: why rosacea with papulopustules should be considered a demodicosis. A narrative review
Authors: Forton F.M.N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRosacea and demodicosis are common facial conditions in dermatology practice. While demodicosis is clearly the result of Demodex mite infestation, the pathogenicity of rosacea is still not sufficiently explained, so that it is defined by its symptoms, and not by its cause. It is usually considered as a disease of the immune system associated with neurogenic inflammation triggered by various factors (ultraviolet light, heat, spicy food, alcohol, stress and microorganisms). Its links with demodicosis remain controversial, although there is increasing evidence that Demodex mites may play a key role in the inflammatory process. Indeed, high Demodex densities are observed in nearly all cases of rosacea with papulopustules (PPR) and the papulopustules of rosacea can be effectively treated with topical acaricidal agents. Recent studies suggest that Demodex induces two opposite actions on host immunity: a defensive immune response aimed at eliminating the mite and an immunosuppressive action aimed at favouring its own proliferation. Moreover, the initial defensive immune response is likely diverted towards benefit for the mite, via T‐cell exhaustion induced by the immunosuppressive properties of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may also explain the favourable influence that the altered vascular background of rosacea seems to exert on Demodex proliferation. In this review, the evidence for and against a causal role of Demodex in rosacea is discussed, applying three systems traditionally used to attribute causality to a disease (modified Koch criteria, Hill criteria for causality and Rothman model). The findings suggest that PPR can reasonably be attributed to Demodex proliferation, which appears to be a necessary factor in the centre of a causal network in which multiple co‐factors interact and influence the occurrence and severity of inflammatory symptoms, from limited (pityriasis folliculorum) to more marked (PPR). PPR could, therefore, be considered as a chronic infection by Demodex mites with associated T‐cell exhaustion.
Out‐of‐pocket costs attributable to dementia: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Oney Melissa , White Lindsay , Coe Norma B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) affect 5.7 million Americans, and are expensive despite the lack of a cure or even treatments effective in managing the disease. The literature thus far has tended to focus on the costs to Medicare, even though one of the main characteristics of ADRD (the loss of independence and ability to care for oneself) incurs costs not covered by Medicare.MethodsIn this paper, we use survey data for 2002–2016 from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate the out‐of‐pocket costs of ADRD for the patient and their family through the first 8 years after the onset of symptoms, as defined by a standardized 27‐point scale of cognitive ability. A two‐part model developed by Basu and Manning (2010) allows us to separate the costs attributable to ADRD into two components, one driven by differences in longevity and one driven by differences in utilization.ResultsWe identified a cohort of 3619 incident dementia cases, 38.9% were male, and 66.9% were non‐Hispanic White. Dementia onset was 77.7 years of age, on average. OOP costs attributable to dementia are $8751 over the first 8 years after the onset. These incremental costs are driven by nursing home expenditures, which are largely uninsured in the US. OOP spending is highest for whites and women.ConclusionThe financial burden of ADRD is significant, and largely attributable to the lack of wide‐spread long‐term care insurance.
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in neotropical primates
Authors: Cândido Stéfhano Luís , Fonseca Maria Julia de Oliveira Rosa , Pacheco Richard de Campos , Campos Camila Gonçalves de , Morgado Thais Oliveira , Colodel Edson Moleta , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in primates are potentially fatal and directly impact the conservation of these animals and public health.Materials and methodsA total of 38 blood/clot samples collected from free‐living and captive neotropical primates undergoing clinical care or found dead by environmental authorities in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, were analyzed by PCR for DNA detection of T. gondii and N. caninum. Furthermore, eight animals were submitted to immunohistochemistry for the detection of T. gondii.ResultsDNA of T. gondii and N. caninum was amplified in 11 (28.95%) 10 (26.32%) of samples analyzed, respectively. Coinfection was observed in three individuals. One animal returned a positive result in the immunohistochemistry for the detection of T. gondii.ConclusionThese findings reflect a concern for the conservation of these animals, as the pathogen–host interaction is unpredictable and infections by these protozoa can lead to animal mortality, which has a substantial impact on endangered species.
Maternal thrombocytopenia precedes fetal death associated with COVID‐19
Authors: Sagara Akihito , Yamaguchi Munekage , Mikami Yoshiki , Motohara Takeshi , Ohba Takashi , Kondoh Eiji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute coagulopathy, specific placental pathology, and an increased risk of fetal death have been reported in pregnant women with COVID‐19; however, the association between coagulopathy and fetal death remains unknown. We report two pregnant women with COVID‐19 who showed acute coagulopathy prior to fetal death. Both pregnant women presented with thrombocytopenia after testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (days 5 and 7). They had mild symptoms, but coagulopathy progressed, and their fetuses died on day 9 at 27 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. Their coagulability improved after delivery. Placental histology in both cases showed intervillous infiltration of histiocytes, necrosis of trophoblasts, and intervillous fibrin deposition, which were consistent with previously reported pathological findings related to SARS‐CoV‐2. In the management of pregnant women with COVID‐19, thrombocytopenia may be a predictive marker of fetal death following coagulopathy and placental inflammatory changes due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Determining the lower limit of detection required for HCV viral load assay for test of cure following direct‐acting antiviral‐based treatment regimens: Evidence from a global data set
Authors: Morgan Jake R. , Marsh Elizabeth , Savinkina Alexandra , Shilton Sonjelle , Shadaker Shaun , Tsertsvadze Tengiz , Kamkamidze George , Alkhazashvili Maia , Morgan Timothy , Belperio Pam , Backus Lisa , Doss Waheed , Esmat Gamal , Hassany Mohamed , Elsharkawy Aisha , Elakel Wafaa , Mehrez Mai , Foster Graham R. , Wose Kinge Constance , Chew Kara W. , Chasela Charles S. , Sanne Ian M. , Thanung Yin M. , Loarec Anne , Aslam Khawar , Balkan Suna , Easterbrook Philippa J. , Linas Benjamin P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAchieving global elimination of hepatitis C virus requires a substantial scale‐up of testing. Point‐of‐care HCV viral load assays are available as an alternative to laboratory‐based assays to promote access in hard to reach or marginalized populations. The diagnostic performance and lower limit of detection are important attributes of these new assays for both diagnosis and test of cure. Therefore, our objective was to determine an acceptable LLoD for detectable HCV viraemia as a test for cure, 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12). We assembled a global data set of patients with detectable viraemia at SVR12 from observational databases from 9 countries (Egypt, the United States, United Kingdom, Georgia, Ukraine, Myanmar, Cambodia, Pakistan, Mozambique) and two pharmaceutical‐sponsored clinical trial registries. We examined the distribution of HCV viral load at SVR12 and presented the 90th, 95th, 97th and 99th percentiles. We used logistic regression to assess characteristics associated with low‐level virological treatment failure (defined as <1000 IU/mL). There were 5973 cases of detectable viraemia at SVR12 from the combined data set. Median detectable HCV RNA at SVR12 was 287,986 IU/mL. The level of detection for the 95th percentile was 227 IU/mL (95% CI 170–276). Females and those with minimal fibrosis were more likely to experience low‐level viraemia at SVR12 compared to men (adjusted odds ratio AOR = 1.60 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–1.97 and those with cirrhosis (AOR = 1.49 95% CI 1.15–1.93). In conclusion, an assay with a level of detection of 1000 IU/mL or greater may miss a proportion of those with low‐level treatment failure.