bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese college students' help‐seeking behavior: An application of the modified theory of planned behavior
Authors: Pan Qi , Hao Zhihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChinese college students have a high incidence of psychological problems but rarely seek professional psychological help. Despite this fact, there have been few studies of the help‐seeking behavior of Chinese college students with mental health problems. This research aims to use a modified model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the intentions and behaviors of Chinese college students with psychological problems in seeking professional psychological help. A total of 319 Chinese college students were recruited to measure attitude, stigma, coping efficiency, help‐seeking intention, help‐seeking behavior, and demographic variables. The results showed that attitudes were the most powerful predictor of intentions to seek help, followed by coping effectiveness and stigma. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that the model was valid across genders. Our research results show that the TPB‐based model can effectively explain the intentions and behaviors of college students with psychological problems in seeking professional help. Using our results, families, schools, and society could design intervention measures to enhance students' help‐seeking intentions and behaviors.
A comprehensive review on functionality of probiotics in edible packaging
Authors: Shivani Tholla Madana , Sathiavelu Mythili 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, edible packaging has been employed in order to increase the health benefits of food and increasing its shelf‐life. Edible packaging is an alternative to typical food protection systems that is both environmentally and customer‐friendly. Concerns regarding healthy diet and well‐being have led to a worldwide surge in the usage of probiotic‐containing foods. This breakthrough has elicited the attention of scientists in the food industry, with an objective of producing novel probiotic foods and enhancing existing probiotic delivery techniques. In this context, edible packaging is being researched as a probiotic carrier with a vast array of applications. Probiotics have been added to a variety of foods and mixed into biopolymeric materials to create food packaging as a way to control foodborne pathogens, improve food safety and provide health benefits. The following review attempts to describe the edible packaging system with very current data, unexplored sources of probiotics and examines probiotics in edible packaging, its incorporation techniques and new breakthroughs in synbiotic edible packaging.
Somatization in Dermatology
Authors: Millington George W. M. , Shobajo Morinola T. , Wall James , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Medically unexplained dermatologic symptoms, such as pruritus, numbness and burning are known as somatization. These cutaneous symptoms can be very difficult to treat because of an absence of an objective explanation and they may not fit neatly into any known dermatological or psychiatric condition. These disorders are more commonly encountered in primary care and in dermatology, rather than in psychiatry. Certain skin disorders, for example, pruritus, could be a manifestation of somatization and others may predispose to somatic symptoms, for example, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Although there has been increasing research in the interconnection between psychiatry and dermatology, psychodermatology is a relatively new crossover discipline in clinical practice and recognition of psychodermatological conditions, such as cutaneous somatic disorders, can be difficult. Somatization may occur with or without the existence of a dermatological disease. When a dermatological disorder is present, somatization should be considered when the patient is worrying too much about their skin, spending too much time and energy on it and especially if the patient also complains of many non-cutaneous symptoms. Purely cutaneous somatic conditions include for example, the genital pain syndromes or Gardner–Diamond syndrome, characterized by unexplained bruising, which usually affects women. Effective management tools may include mindfulness therapies, pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and cognitive conduct therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy can also be considered in extremely rare cases for treatment of severe somatization on a background of mood disorders. This paper discusses somatization, its relationship to immunodermatoses and its relevance to clinical practice.
Risk factors and machine learning model for predicting hospitalization outcomes in geriatric patients with dementia
Authors: Wang Xin , Ezeana Chika F. , Wang Lin , Puppala Mamta , Huang Yan‐Siang , He Yunjie , Yu Xiaohui , Yin Zheng , Zhao Hong , Lai Eugene C. , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGeriatric patients with dementia incur higher healthcare costs and longer hospital stays than other geriatric patients. We aimed to identify risk factors for hospitalization outcomes that could be mitigated early to improve outcomes and impact overall quality of life.MethodsWe identified risk factors, that is, demographics, hospital complications, pre‐admission, and post‐admission risk factors including medical history and comorbidities, affecting hospitalization outcomes determined by hospital stays and discharge dispositions. Over 150 clinical and demographic factors of 15,678 encounters (8407 patients) were retrieved from our institution's data warehouse. We further narrowed them down to twenty factors through feature selection engineering by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Glmnet. We developed an explainable machine‐learning model to predict hospitalization outcomes among geriatric patients with dementia.ResultsOur model is based on stacking ensemble learning and achieved accuracy of 95.6% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757. It outperformed prevalent methods of risk assessment for encounters of patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) (4993), vascular dementia (VD) (4173), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) (3735), and other unspecified dementias (OUD) (2777). Top identified hospitalization outcome risk factors, mostly from medical history, include encephalopathy, number of medical problems at admission, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, falls, admission source, age, race, anemia, etc., with several overlaps in multi‐dementia groups.DiscussionOur model identified several predictive factors that can be modified or intervened so that efforts can be made to prevent recurrence or mitigate their adverse effects. Knowledge of the modifiable risk factors would help guide early interventions for patients at high risk for poor hospitalization outcome as defined by hospital stays longer than seven days, undesirable discharge disposition, or both. The interventions include starting specific protocols on modifiable risk factors like encephalopathy, falls, and infections, where non‐existent or not routine, to improve hospitalization outcomes of geriatric patients with dementia.Highlights
A total 15,678 encounters of Geriatrics with dementia with a final 20 risk factors.
Developed a predictive model for hospitalization outcomes for multi‐dementia types.
Risk factors for each type were identified including those amenable to interventions.
Top factors are encephalopathy, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infection (UTI), falls, and admission source.
With accuracy of 95.6%, our ensemble predictive model outperforms other models.
Contribution of wild edible plants to household livelihood in a semiarid Kondoa District, Tanzania
Authors: Mwajombe Anselm R. , Liwenga Emma T. , Mwiturubani Donald 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWild edible plants (WEPS) are an important source of nutrients and income particularly to poor households. However, information on how WEPS contribute to rural livelihoods varies due to heterogeneous methodologies and settings. This paper is based on a study that investigated the contribution of WEPs on rural livelihoods in semiarid Kondoa District, Dodoma Region, Tanzania. Mixed methods were used to collect data from 343 households (14.32%), comprising six focus group discussions and six key informant interviews with district officials. Findings show that whereas 97% of households use WEPs more on subsistence basis, 8.2% use it for income generation. Income generated from WEPs accounted for about 9.16% of household income, which is somewhat closely to other sources. More or less, prices are even higher than those of corn when compared with national figures. However, income generated from sale of WEPs, though substantial, is less accounted for in household capital assets, rather than satisfying the household's basic requirements. Thus, there is a need to recognize the role of WEPs to rural livelihoods in reducing vulnerability to food insecurity and developing interventions that can improve access to use and management of natural resources.
Tricyanated Ferrocenes; Isolation, structure, electrochemistry and DFT calculations
Authors: Blockhaus Tobias , Zott Fabian L. , Zehetmaier Peter M. , Klein‐Heßling Christian , Sünkel Karlheinz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract1,2,3‐ Tricyanoferrocene and 1,3‐dibromo‐2,4,5‐tricyanoferrocene have been synthesized via metallation and usage of dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN) as cyanating agent. They are the first compounds where three nitrile functions could be introduced into the ferrocene sceleton. Further studies on the electrophilic cyanation of lithiated haloferrocenes [Fe(C5HmX4‐mLi)(C5H5)] (X=Cl, Br;m=0–3) show the formation of complex mixtures of cyano‐halo‐ferrocenes [Fe{C5HmX5‐m‐n(CN)n}(C5H5)] (m=0–3,n=0–3) most likely induced by “halogen‐dance” reactions. The molecular and crystal structures of [Fe{C5H2(CN)3}(C5H5)] and [Fe(C5Cl4CN)(C5H5)] are discussed. Cyclic voltametric studies of both tricyanoferrocenes show irreversible oxidations at very high potentials (Eonset≈845 mV and 945 mV, respectively, vs FcH/FcH+).
Forest Health
Authors: Rizzo Maria , Gasparini Patrizia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForests mainly consist of long-lived trees or shrub species and are exposed to natural or human disturbances of different severities. They are essential components of the natural development of forest ecosystems, since by triggering natural selection and ecological succession processes, they can achieve the best status in terms of species composition and structure. Nevertheless, extreme events can cause serious economic or naturalistic losses and, in some cases, endanger specific forest ecosystems. Disturbance events that damage forests vary and include pests and diseases, fires, pollution, climate changes, overexploitation or inadequate silvicultural practices, excessive grazing and browsing, to name just a few. Health monitoring of forests is a necessary condition to provide useful information for the conservation of forest resources, as well as to support forest management practices aimed at increasing the resilience of forests and their adaptation capacity. Through ground surveys, the Italian national forest inventory INFC has classified the health condition of Italian forests and produced the estimates presented in the chapter. These concern the distribution of the Forest area by pathologies and damage presence, severity and cause. Estimates of the Forest area affected by defoliation, divided by defoliation class and localization of defoliation, are also presented.
Protective Function and Primary Designated Management Objective
Authors: Floris Antonio , Di Cosmo Lucio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a framework of multiple services supplied simultaneously by forests, the protection against natural hazards is one of the most important. Forests deliver conservation of natural resources, including soil and water, and other environmental services. They slow water dispersion and allow for infiltration and percolation of rainwater, which recharges soil and underground water storage. Forest cover, moreover, protects soil from wind and water erosion, avalanches and landslides. INFC collects a wide range of information related to the protective function of Italian wooded areas. This chapter shows estimates regarding such physical site characteristics, as slope, land position and aspect which, together with tree canopy coverage and terrain roughness, can condition the protective role of forests. Inventory statistics on terrain instability and hydrogeological constraint, as defined by national laws, are shown as well, the latter being a basis of most national and regional regulations on forest management. Finally, the presence of a primary designated management objective has been assessed with a particular focus on direct and indirect protection. Estimates on such attributes are shown in the last section of this chapter.
Forest Carbon Stock
Authors: Di Cosmo Lucio , Gasparini Patrizia , Floris Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForests affect climate globally and have an important role in the global carbon cycle. Countries that signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the agreements that followed, use national forest inventory data to estimate carbon sequestration related to land use, land use changes and forestry. Five terrestrial carbon pools are relevant for the estimation of carbon stocks and carbon stock changes under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol: soil, litter, belowground and aboveground biomass, and deadwood. The second Italian NFI (INFC2005) estimated the organic carbon stock stored within four out of the five pools and confirmed the major role of soil, which stored 57.6% of Italian forest organic carbon in the four pools studied. Estimating soil carbon change is challenging if the time elapsed between two assessment periods is not long, because the expected changes are small compared to the high carbon stock already present in soils. INFC2015 updated the estimates of the carbon stored in aboveground living biomass and in deadwood. The results are shown and commented on in Sects. 12.2 and 12.3. They allow for computation of the overall aboveground biomass carbon stock, i.e., the joined contribution of those two ecosystem components. Annual variation of carbon in growing stock is also due to carbon stored via growth and carbon removed with harvesting. These entries of the balance were estimated by INFC2015 and indicate that Italian forests act as carbon sinks; this is shown in Sect. 12.4.
Land Use and Land Cover Photointerpretation
Authors: Rizzo Maria , Gasparini Patrizia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost national forest inventories use remote sensing data, mainly aerial photos and orthophotos, for the preliminary classification of land use and cover in the inventory points, also for the purpose of estimating the forest area. The classification of land use and land cover during the first phase of the third Italian forest inventory INFC2015 was carried out by interpreting 4-band digital orthophotos (RGB colors and near infrared) in over 301,000 points located on a grid with quadrangular meshes of 1 km2. The classification system adopted includes three hierarchical levels, of which the first corresponds to the same level of the European CORINE Land Cover system and the subsequent ones aimed at highlighting the classes of inventory interest, for the subsequent stratification of the sample of points to be surveyed on the ground. A rigorous quality control procedure was implemented, during the photointerpretation and its conclusion, in order to assess the accuracy of the classifications and the extent of changes to and from forest land use and land cover.
Procedures for the Estimation of Forest Inventory Quantities
Authors: Dickson Maria Michela , Giuliani Diego 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims at illustrating the statistical procedures adopted to estimate the unknown values of the parameters of interest of the forest inventory. In particular, it firstly describes how the data collected during the second phase of the sampling plan have been used to estimate the areal extents of the different land use and cover categories. Secondly, it illustrates the procedures to properly estimate the total and density values of the quantities measured during the third phase of the survey campaign. These procedures were developed for INFC2005 and, as explained in this chapter, are still valid for INFC2015.
Plot Level Estimation Procedures and Models
Authors: Di Cosmo Lucio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantitative variable raw data recorded in the sample plots require pre-processing before the NFI estimators of totals and densities can be used to produce statistics. The objective of the plot level estimates is to estimate the variables of interest for each sample point expanded to the 1 km2 area of the cell that the point represents. The intensity and complexity of the computations vary considerably depending on the variable, the way it is obtained by the measured items (e.g., DBH measurement vs. basal area), whether all the items in the sample plot or only a subsample of them are measured, and the availability of models. The definitive result of the computations are tallies, volumes, biomass and carbon stocks but estimates of additional variables at intermediate steps may be needed (e.g., total tree height). This chapter describes the methods and the models used in INFC2015 for the estimation of the variables related to trees (e.g., tallies, basal area), small trees and shrubs (e.g., biomass, carbon stock), stumps (e.g., volume, biomass), stock variation (e.g., the wood annually produced by growth and that removed). Some of the models described were produced in view of the INFC needs, before and after it was established in 2001, while others were created during the NFI computation processes. Finally, the conversion factors needed to estimate the biomass of deadwood, saplings and shrubs were obtained through an additional field campaign of the second Italian NFI (INFC2005) and the following laboratory analyses.
Area and Characteristics of Italian Forests
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia , Di Cosmo Lucio , Floris Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAwareness of exhaustible forest resources is not recent in human history; rather, it dates back to the late Middle Ages, when it became clear that some kind of planning was needed to utilise forest resources and to do so, assessment was necessary. Postponed in time, enlarged to a national scale and based on statistical sampling, compared to the inventory methods adopted at that time, modern NFIs are assigned to produce sound information necessary to support forest policies. Forest areas and composition, ownership, growing stock and increment, as well as management, silviculture and structural characters are among the variables assessed by NFIs. This chapter provides statistics on those variables. For areas, estimates are shown for Total wooded area, Forest, Other wooded land, and their distribution among inventory categories and forest types, which describe species composition. In addition, the chapter also addresses distribution by altitude classes. For stands characters, areas are shown by crown coverage, development stage and age class. Lastly, inventory statistics are given on the presence and amount of small trees and shrubs.
Philosophy and History of Environmental Education
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the first chapter, we discussed the definition of environmental education. In Chap. 2, we discuss environmental education based on the pragmatic view of environmental protection. This view is that the interpretation of the living environment is complicated, but because the process of human reasoning it is finite in nature. Our actions should be rooted in our past history, philosophy, and experience in environmental protection that may allow improvement of our physicalenvironment. The essential part of this process is the ability to recognize the components of our ecosystems that can be managed and when adaptation is the only option or survival.
Research Methods for Environmental Education
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch methods are the sum of knowledge, plans, strategies, tools, steps, and processes. In this chapter, we seek to understand the “research” nature of Environmental Education (EE), define the scope of research through a systematic investigation process by gathering and understanding past facts and discovering new facts through practical investigations, experiments, and verification methods to increase or modify the contemporary know-how in our environment. After exploring the history of EE, entering quantitative research on EE and qualitative research on EE, we use this chapter to improve the level of thinking of EE theory, using the learning methods of Benjamin S. Bloom, Harold R. Hungerford, and the emotionallearning theory of ABC. We aim to understand the value of post-environmental learning, strengthen our transcendental cognition of animate and inanimate objects by looking at these aspects objectively and have a more general and mature view of the biotic and abioticprocesses that shape the world around us.
Environmental Literacy
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental literacy is an abstract concept and a subjective imagination. We see that this chapter discusses environmental educationlearningmotivations, awareness and sensitivity, values and attitudes, mobilization skills, mobilization experience, environmental behavior, and aesthetic literacy in the cultivation of literacy. The above connotations of environmental literacy all need to construct the inherent goodness of human beings. We particularly hope that environmental literacy can be externalized to achieve changes in human-friendly environmental behavior. In other words, if the environmental literacy of the entire population can be strengthened, we can work together to form environmental cohesion, cultivate modern socialcitizens, generate environmental collectiveconsciousness and awareness, and then based on the eternalbelief in naturaldecision-making and environmental protection. This could promote a comfortable space and a clean home for sustainable development. Therefore, from the process that human beings can perceive and understand the environment, we have experienced the awareness of environmental changes. We need to improve environmental literacy to form the transformation of the collectivehumanconsciousnessstructure, so as to be aware of the externalenvironment, that is the learning process. If, literacy is the overall effect of a learning process, then our final collectiveenvironmental consciousness will change from thought to proper behavior. These changes will affect the stage tasks of sustainable development. Then, based on empathy and awareness of all things, we should realize the sense of responsibility and eternal value as human beings, protect nature, and accept the challenges of future environmental changes.