bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction following transoral robotic surgery for head and neck cancer: Systematic review
Authors: Barrette Louis‐Xavier , De Ravin Emma , Carey Ryan M. , Mady Leila J. , Cannady Steven B. , Brody Robert M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe performed a systematic review to characterize reconstructive modalities and postoperative surgical outcomes following TORS resection. A search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify studies describing patients undergoing reconstruction of TORS defects. Twenty‐six studies met inclusion criteria, consisting of 260 patients who underwent TORS resection followed by reconstruction. Twenty‐one studies reported tumor classification information, with TORS performed for 44 (23.0%) T1, 86 (45.0%) T2, 33 (17.3%) T3, and 28 (14.7%) T4 tumors. Eighteen distinct reconstructive modalities were described in the studies identified, including nine unique free flap types. The most commonly performed reconstruction was the radial forearm free flap (RFFF), accounting for 121/260 (46.5%) of reconstructions performed. Reported surgical complications included 5 pharyngocutaneous fistulae, 13 hemorrhagic complications, 24 infectious complications, and 5 free flap failures. Our findings demonstrate favorable surgical outcomes but minimal quantitative functional data to compare reconstructive options following TORS.
VEntNet: Hybrid deep convolutional neural network model for automated multi‐class categorization of chest X‐rays
Authors: Sudarshan Vidya K. , A. Ramachandra Reshma , Tan Nicole Si Min , Ojha Smit , Tan Ru San 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisual interpretation of chest X‐rays (CXRs) is tedious and prone to error. Significant amount of time is spent by the radiologist in differentiating normal from abnormal CXRs and in identifying the location and type of abnormalities. An assistance tool for automatically classifying normal and different types of abnormal CXRs can facilitate the diagnosis and potentially save time costs. In this paper, a novel hybrid model having concatenation of Visual Geometry Group (VGG19) network and Entropy features as a modified deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture, called VEntNet, is proposed for the automated multi‐class categorization of CXR images into normal, coronavirus disease (COVID), tuberculosis (TB), viral pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia. The VEntNet model implemented consists of deep features extraction from convolutional layers of VGG19 network which are then concatenated with hand‐crafted entropy features extracted from CXRs. The concatenated features are then fed to the fully connected (FC) layers for performing multi‐class categorization using Softmax activation function. The performance of proposed VEntNet model is compared with other DCNNs with and without the hybrid approach for categorization of closely related lung pathologies and normal CXR images. Our proposed VEntNet achieved accuracies of 98.78% and 90.96%, respectively, for four and five‐class classification of CXRs. Thus, it is demonstrated that among the different DCNNs, our VEntNet outperformed in four‐class CXR categorization tasks. The proposed model can potentially save time by facilitating the screening of CXRs to identify those with abnormalities present as well as to categorize the abnormalities.
Hemostatic and antithrombotic stewardship programs: A toolkit for program implementation
Authors: Dane Kathryn E. , Naik Rakhi P. , Streiff Michael B. , Yui Jennifer , Shanbhag Satish , Nesbit Todd W. , Lindsley John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHemostatic and antithrombotic agents are high‐risk medications associated with high cost. The importance of anticoagulation stewardship has been recently highlighted by national organizations, but hemostatic stewardship programs remain underutilized. Several established hemostatic and/or antithrombotic stewardship programs have demonstrated a significant impact on the quality and cost of care provided to patients receiving these therapies. This review provides a comprehensive toolkit for development and implementation of combined hemostatic and antithrombotic stewardship programs.
Mineral‐induced bubbling effect and biomineralization as strategies to create highly porous and bioactive scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering
Authors: de Melo Camila Correa da Silva Braga , Cassiano Fernanda Balestrero , Bronze‐Uhle Érika Soares , Stuani Vitor de Toledo , Bordini Ester Alves Ferreira , Gallinari Marjorie de Oliveira , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto , Soares Diana Gabriela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the biological and mechanical characteristics of chitosan‐based scaffolds enriched by mineral phases and biomineralized in simulated body fluid (SBF) as a possible biomaterial for dentin regeneration. Thus, porous chitosan scaffolds were prepared by the mineral‐induced bubbling‐effect technique and subjected to biomineralization to create biomimetic scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering. Suspensions containing calcium hydroxide, nanohydroxyapatite, or β‐tricalcium phosphate were added to the chitosan (CH) solution and subjected to gradual freezing and freeze‐drying to obtain CHCa, CHnHA, and CHβTCP porous scaffolds, respectively, by the bubbling effect. Then, scaffolds were incubated in SBF for 5 days at 37°C, under constant stirring, to promote calcium‐phosphate (CaP) biomineralization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed increased pore size and porosity degree on mineral‐containing scaffolds, with CHCa and CHnHA presenting as round, well‐distributed, and with an interconnected pore network. Nevertheless, incubation in SBF disrupted the porous architecture, except for CHCaSBF, leading to the deposition of CaP coverage, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses. All mineral‐containing and SBF‐treated formulations presented controlled degradation profiles and released calcium throughout 28 days. When human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were seeded onto scaffold structures, the porous and interconnected architecture of CHCa, CHnHA, and CHCaSBF allowed cells to infiltrate and spread throughout the scaffold structure, whereas in other formulations cells were dispersed or agglomerated. It was possible to determine a positive effect on cell proliferation and odontogenic differentiation for mineral‐containing formulations, intensely improved by biomineralization. A significant increase in mineralized matrix deposition (by 8.4 to 18.9 times) was observed for CHCaSBF, CHnHASBF, and CHβTCPSBF in comparison with plain CH. The bioactive effect on odontoblastic marker expression (ALP activity and mineralized matrix) was also observed for HDPCs continuously cultivated with conditioned medium obtained from scaffolds. Therefore, biomineralization of chitosan scaffolds containing different mineral phases was responsible for increasing the capacity for mineralized matrix deposition by pulpal cells, with potential for use in dentin tissue engineering.
Rational design of iron catalysts for C–X bond activation
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Hansen Thomas , Poater Jordi , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt Friedrich Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe have quantum chemically studied the iron‐mediated CX bond activation (X = H, Cl, CH3) by d8‐FeL4 complexes using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐OPBE/TZ2P. We find that by either modulating the electronic effects of a generic iron‐catalyst by a set of ligands, that is, CO, BF, PH3, BN(CH3)2, or by manipulating structural effects through the introduction of bidentate ligands, that is, PH2(CH2)nPH2 with n = 6–1, one can significantly decrease the reaction barrier for the CX bond activation. The combination of both tuning handles causes a decrease of the CH activation barrier from 10.4 to 4.6 kcal mol−1. Our activation strain and Kohn‐Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal that the electronic tuning works via optimizing the catalyst–substrate interaction by introducing a strong second backdonation interaction (i.e., “ligand‐assisted” interaction), while the mechanism for structural tuning is mainly caused by the reduction of the required activation strain because of the pre‐distortion of the catalyst. In all, we present design principles for iron‐based catalysts that mimic the favorable behavior of their well‐known palladium analogs in the bond‐activation step of cross‐coupling reactions.
Volunteer leadership: A silent factor in student volunteer retention
Authors: Joseph Bianca M. , Carolissen Ronelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the growing interest in student volunteerism, few students volunteer, and volunteer organisations struggle to retain those who do. We explore motivating factors, expectations, and demotivating factors as they relate to retention in student volunteerism Participants were selected from six volunteer projects associated with three South African universities in the Western Cape region. Seventy active volunteers (N = 70) responded to four open‐ended questions, analysed using thematic analysis. Volunteer leadership is central to student volunteers' expectations and demotivating factors. Good leadership fulfilled student volunteers' expectations, but student volunteers were demotivated in the face of poor leadership. Six indicators of good leadership were identified. This included efficiency, regular and effective communication, being organised, passionate, and dedicated along with being supportive and facilitating volunteer growth. We argue for the importance of including contextual factors such as volunteer leadership when designing a student volunteer retention framework.
The role of exosomal miRNA in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Butler Alexandra E. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) impacts more than one‐third of the population and is linked with other metabolic diseases. The term encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases, from modest steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis with the potential for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, available methods for diagnosing NAFLD are invasive or lack accuracy, and monitoring to determine response to therapeutic interventions is challenging. Exosomes are nano‐scaled extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells. They convey proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive molecules between cells and are involved in an extensive range of biological processes, particularly cell‐cell communication. Several reports suggest that exosomes mediate miRNAs and, thus, they have potential clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in liver diseases. In view of the vital role of exosomal microRNA in disease, we here synthesized current knowledge about the biogenesis of exosomal miRNA and exosome‐mediated microRNA transfer. We then discuss the potential of exosomal miRNA in diagnosis and therapeutics of NAFLD.
Construction and characterization of two SARS‐CoV‐2 minigenome replicon systems
Authors: Zhang Hu , Fischer Douglas K. , Shuda Masahiro , Moore Patrick S. , Gao Shou‐Jiang , Ambrose Zandrea , Guo Haitao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic severely impacts global public health and economies. To facilitate research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virology and antiviral discovery, a noninfectious viral replicon system operating under biosafety level 2 containment is warranted. We report herein the construction and characterization of two SARS‐CoV‐2 minigenome replicon systems. First, we constructed the IVT‐CoV2‐Rep complementary DNA template to generate a replicon messenger RNA (mRNA) with nanoluciferase (NLuc) reporter via in vitro transcription (IVT). The replicon mRNA transfection assay demonstrated a rapid and transient replication of IVT‐CoV2‐Rep in a variety of cell lines, which could be completely abolished by known SARS‐CoV‐2 replication inhibitors. Our data also suggest that the transient phenotype of IVT‐CoV2‐Rep is not due to host innate antiviral responses. In addition, we have developed a DNA‐launched replicon BAC‐CoV2‐Rep, which supports the in‐cell transcription of a replicon mRNA as initial replication template. The BAC‐CoV2‐Rep transient transfection system exhibited a much stronger and longer replicon signal compared to the IVT‐CoV2‐Rep version. We also found that a portion of the NLuc reporter signal was derived from the spliced BAC‐CoV2‐Rep mRNA and was resistant to antiviral treatment, especially during the early phase after transfection. In summary, the established SARS‐CoV‐2 transient replicon systems are suitable for basic and antiviral research, and hold promise for stable replicon cell line development with further optimization.
Dynamical–statistical seasonal forecasts of winter and summer precipitation for the Island of Ireland
Authors: Golian Saeed , Murphy Conor , Wilby Robert L. , Matthews Tom , Donegan Seán , Quinn Dáire Foran , Harrigan Shaun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeasonal precipitation forecasting is highly challenging for the northwest fringes of Europe due to complex dynamical drivers. Hybrid dynamical–statistical approaches offer potential to improve forecast skill. Here, hindcasts of mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from two dynamical systems (GloSea5 and SEAS5) are used to derive two distinct sets of indices for forecasting winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) precipitation over lead‐times of 1–4 months. These indices provide predictors of seasonal precipitation via a multiple linear regression model (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN) applied to four Irish rainfall regions and the Island of Ireland. Forecast skill for each model, lead time, and region was evaluated using the correlation coefficient (r) and mean absolute error (MAE), benchmarked against (a) climatology, (b) bias corrected precipitation hindcasts from both GloSea5 and SEAS5, and (c) a zero‐order forecast based on rainfall persistence. The MLR and ANN models produced skilful precipitation forecasts with leads of up to 4 months. In all tests, our hybrid method based on MSLP indices outperformed the three benchmarks (i.e., climatology, bias corrected, and persistence). With correlation coefficients ranging between 0.38 and 0.81 in winter, and between 0.24 and 0.78 in summer, the ANN model outperformed MLR in both seasons in most regions and lead‐times. Forecast skill for summer was comparable to that in winter and for some regions/lead times even superior. Our results also show that climatology and persistence performed better than direct use of bias corrected dynamical outputs in most regions and lead‐times in terms of MAE. We conclude that the hybrid dynamical–statistical approach developed here—by leveraging useful information about MSLP from dynamical systems—enables more skilful seasonal precipitation forecasts for Ireland, and possibly other locations in western Europe, in both winter and summer.
Impact of the periodontal phenotype in premolar and molar sites on bone loss following full‐thickness mucoperiosteal flap: A 1‐year prospective clinical trial
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Ravidà Andrea , Dukka Himabindu , Paiva De Andrade Nathalia , Ou Alice , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFull‐thickness mucoperiosteal flap (FTF) elevation could potentially affect the periodontium of the involved teeth; it is not clear if the periodontal phenotype of teeth involved in a FTF may influence these changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of FTF on teeth periodontium, as well as assessing the impact of periodontal phenotype on bone remodeling.MethodsIn this single arm prospective clinical trial, 26 subjects and a total of 52 adjacent teeth were included. Patients receiving implant surgery in the posterior area, at the time of implant site preparation, an FTF was extended one tooth mesial and distal to the planned site, and the flap was elevated both facially and lingually. Vertical and horizontal bone linear changes were measured on both adjacent teeth, using superimposed cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images taken prior to implant placement (T0) and at 12 months (T1). Baseline digital scans of models and DICOM files were superimposed to assess the periodontal phenotype.ResultsVertical bone changes from T0 to T1 were statistically significant (P = 0.013), with changes were significantly higher at the mesial (−0.31 ± 0.30 mm) and facial (P < 0.05) sites. Horizontal dimensional changes 5 mm subcrestally were similar among different locations (P = 0.086) and the bone width loss was higher closest to the crest (P = 0.001). No correlation was found between soft tissue thickness and bone changes. However, bone thickness at baseline appears to influence the extent of horizontal bone remodeling. Overall, the magnitude of bone loss either vertically or horizontally was clinically insignificant (≤0.4 mm). A preventive effect against bone loss maybe expected with bone thickness > 2 mm.Conclusion(s)Marginal bone changes in maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth following FTF at 12 months are very minimal, and mainly influenced by bone rather than soft tissue thickness. Overall, FTF does not seem to have deleterious effects on adjacent teeth periodontium.
Association between groups of immunoglobulin G antibodies against periodontal microorganisms and diabetes‐related mortality
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Vidanapathirana Nadeesha , Yi Fanli , Celuch Owen , Zhong Zihang , Jin Qi , Zhang Jiajia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against periodontal microorganisms can be markers of periodontal infection because their levels rise following infection and remain elevated several years later.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between groups of IgG antibodies against 19 periodontal microorganisms and diabetes‐related mortality over 27 years among participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988 to 1992) aged ≥40 years at the time of examination (N = 8,153).ResultsIndividuals in the highest versus lowest antibody tertiles were at 86% higher risk of dying due to diabetes‐related causes in the Red‐Green antibody cluster (T. forsythia, T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. corrodens, S. noxia, V. parvula, C. rectus) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.20) and 55% lower in the Orange‐Blue antibody cluster (E. nodatum, A. naeslundii) (HR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.63) in multivariable models. In these models, individuals with diabetes at the time of examination had a 16‐fold higher risk of dying due to diabetes‐related causes (HR, 16.4; 95% CI, 11.0 to 24.7).ConclusionAs a subset of periodontal microorganisms are associated with adverse systemic outcomes, antibody profiles may help in prediction of diabetes‐related mortality and identify subgroups of individuals among whom periodontal treatment may impact diabetes‐related outcomes.
Characterization of a synthetic zinc‐chelating peptide from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its gastrointestinal digestion and absorption in vitro
Authors: Wang Zixu , Sun Jiatong , Ma Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaoyang , Yin Fawen , Li Deyang , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Yu Chenxu , Zhou Dayong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDZinc absorption in intestinal system could be strongly affected by the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of zinc‐chelating peptides serving as zinc carriers. In this study, a novel zinc‐chelating sea cucumber synthetic peptide (SCSP) was synthesized to estimate its gastrointestinal digestion and promotive effect of zinc absorption in vitro.RESULTSAnalysis of isothermal titration calorimetry suggested that the binding of SCSP and zinc (N ≈ 1) was exothermic, with relatively weak binding affinity (K = 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1). The formation of SCSP–Zn complexes brought morphological changes to the peptides confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which also indicated 6.88% of the existence of zinc element. In addition, the SCSP–Zn complexes remained stable under simulated human gastrointestinal digestion. In an in vitro study, the SCSP–Zn complex could successfully transport through the intestinal membrane in the model of everted rat gut sacs (nearly 7.5 μM cm−2) as well as Caco‐2 cells where the zinc transport reached 0.0014 mg mL−1 carried by SCSP. Fluorescence staining experiments revealed free zinc accumulation inside the tissues and cells treated with the SCSP–Zn complex.CONCLUSIONSThe chelation SCSP–Zn had the promotion ability of zinc absorption in vitro and ex vivo experiments, which suggested a theoretical basis for the design and production of effective zinc chelating peptides as zinc carriers to improve zinc bioavailability. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of stress on germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts: a natural alternative to enhance the betacyanin and phenolic compounds
Authors: Wang Ssu‐Ping , Yeh Yi‐Tyng , Sridhar Kandi , Tsai Pi‐Jen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermination is regarded as a natural method for improving the bioavailability of seed nutrients against stress, which enhances the accumulation of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to determine the effect of stress (H2O2, catechin, gallic acid, tyrosine, and NaCl) during germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts on betacyanin, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacities.RESULTSThe betacyanin and antioxidant activities of the djulis sprouts increased significantly compared to seeds. The lowest betacyanin was found in NaCl‐stressed sprouts. The djulis sprouts reported the presence of celosianins I and II (50.72%), which was absent in seeds. Hydroxycinnamic acids accounted for > 60% of the total phenolic compounds in sprouts, whereas rutin predominated in the seeds.CONCLUSIONGermination under stress may represent an effective natural method for improving the bioactive potential of sprouts, an alternative to use seeds, in the development of bioactive compounds‐enriched healthy foods that are good for public health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Determination of Normal Reference Values for Meniscal Extrusion Using Ultrasonography During the Different Range of Motion
Authors: Sharafat Vaziri Arash , Aghaghazvini Leila , Jahangiri Soodeh , Tahami Mohammad , Borazjani Roham , Tahmasebi Mohammad Naghi , Rabie Hamid , Mamaghani Hesan Jelodari , Vosoughi Fardis , Salimi Maryam 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesIt is essential to know the normal extrusion measures in order to detect pathological ones. In this study, we aimed to define some normal reference values for meniscal extrusion in the normal knees during different ranges of motion.MethodsThe amount of anterior and posterior portion of meniscal extrusion among 21 asymptomatic volunteers (42 knees) were tracked in 0, 45, and 90° of knee flexion using an ultrasound machine. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to show the interaction between the amounts of meniscal extrusion and the different degrees of knee flexion.ResultsThe anterior portion of the lateral menisci at full knee extension (0.59 ± 1.40) and the posterior portion of the medial menisci during 90° flexion (3.06 ± 2.36) showed the smallest and the highest mean amount of extrusion, respectively. The normal average amounts of anterior extrusion were 1.12 ± 1.17 and 0.99 ± 1.34 mm for medial and lateral menisci, respectively. The posterior meniscal normal extrusions were significantly increasing in both medial and lateral menisci during the survey (F = 20.250 and 11.298; both P values <.001) as they were measured 2.37 ± 2.16 and 1.53 ± 2.18 mm in order.ConclusionsThe medial meniscus can extrude 1.74 ± 1.84 mm normally while this amount was 1.26 ± 1.82 mm for the lateral meniscus. These measures commonly increased with the rising of knee flexion motion. Likewise, the posterior portion showed more extrusion than the anterior portion on both sides. These measures commonly increased with higher knee flexion.