bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐Dimensional Machine Learning Radiomics for the Pretreatment Assessment of Breast Cancer Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Caballo Marco , Sanderink Wendelien B. G. , Han Luyi , Gao Yuan , Athanasiou Alexandra , Mann Ritse M. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundBreast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is typically evaluated through the assessment of tumor size reduction after a few cycles of NAC. In case of treatment ineffectiveness, this results in the patient suffering potentially severe secondary effects without achieving any actual benefit.PurposeTo identify patients achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC by spatio‐temporal radiomic analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI images acquired before treatment.Study typeSingle‐center, retrospective.PopulationA total of 251 DCE‐MRI pretreatment images of breast cancer patients.Field strength/sequence1.5 T/3 T, T1‐weighted DCE‐MRI.AssessmentTumor and peritumoral regions were segmented, and 348 radiomic features that quantify texture temporal variation, enhancement kinetics heterogeneity, and morphology were extracted. Based on subsets of features identified through forward selection, machine learning (ML) logistic regression models were trained separately with all images and stratifying on cancer molecular subtype and validated with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.Statistical testsFeature significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Significance of the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of the ML models was assessed using the associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Significance threshold was set to 0.05, adjusted with Bonferroni correction.ResultsNine features related to texture temporal variation and enhancement kinetics heterogeneity were significant in the discrimination of cases achieving pCR vs. non‐pCR. The ML models achieved significant AUC of 0.707 (all cancers, n = 251, 59 pCR), 0.824 (luminal A, n = 107, 14 pCR), 0.823 (luminal B, n = 47, 15 pCR), 0.844 (HER2 enriched, n = 25, 11 pCR), 0.803 (triple negative, n = 72, 19 pCR).Data ConclusionsDifferences in imaging phenotypes were found between complete and noncomplete responders. Furthermore, ML models trained per cancer subtype achieved high performance in classifying pCR vs. non‐pCR cases. They may, therefore, have potential to help stratify patients according to the level of response predicted before treatment, pending further validation with larger prospective cohorts.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 4
Automated Detection of Brain Metastases on T1‐Weighted MRI Using a Convolutional Neural Network: Impact of Volume Aware Loss and Sampling Strategy
Authors: Chartrand Gabriel , Emiliani Ramón D. , Pawlowski Sophie A. , Markel Daniel A. , Bahig Houda , Cengarle‐Samak Alexandre , Rajakesari Selvan , Lavoie Jeremi , Ducharme Simon , Roberge David 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDetection of brain metastases (BM) and segmentation for treatment planning could be optimized with machine learning methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are promising, but their trade‐offs between sensitivity and precision frequently lead to missing small lesions.HypothesisCombining volume aware (VA) loss function and sampling strategy could improve BM detection sensitivity.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 530 radiation oncology patients (55% women) were split into a training/validation set (433 patients/1460 BM) and an independent test set (97 patients/296 BM).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3 T, contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐weighted fast gradient echo sequences.AssessmentGround truth masks were based on radiotherapy treatment planning contours reviewed by experts. A U‐Net inspired model was trained. Three loss functions (Dice, Dice + boundary, and VA) and two sampling methods (label and VA) were compared. Results were reported with Dice scores, volumetric error, lesion detection sensitivity, and precision. A detected voxel within the ground truth constituted a true positive.Statistical TestsMcNemar's exact test to compare detected lesions between models. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis to compare volume agreement between predicted and ground truth volumes. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsCombining VA loss and VA sampling performed best with an overall sensitivity of 91% and precision of 81%. For BM in the 2.5–6 mm estimated sphere diameter range, VA loss reduced false negatives by 58% and VA sampling reduced it further by 30%. In the same range, the boundary loss achieved the highest precision at 81%, but a low sensitivity (24%) and a 31% Dice loss.Data ConclusionConsidering BM size in the loss and sampling function of CNN may increase the detection sensitivity regarding small BM. Our pipeline relying on a single contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI sequence could reach a detection sensitivity of 91%, with an average of only 0.66 false positives per scan.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Probing the pyrolysis of methyl formate in the dilute gas phase by synchrotron radiation and theory
Authors: Lowe Bethany , Cardona Alejandro L. , Salas Juana , Bodi Andras , Burgos Paci Maxi A. , Mayer Paul M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe thermal dissociation of the atmospheric constituent methyl formate was probed by coupling pyrolysis with imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO) using synchrotron VUV radiation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). iPEPICO allows threshold photoelectron spectra to be obtained for pyrolysis products, distinguishing isomers and separating ionic and neutral dissociation pathways. In this work, the pyrolysis products of dilute methyl formate, CH3OC(O)H, were elucidated to be CH3OH + CO, 2 CH2O and CH4 + CO2 as in part distinct from the dissociation of the radical cation (CH3OH+• + CO and CH2OH+ + HCO). Density functional theory, CCSD(T), and CBS‐QB3 calculations were used to describe the experimentally observed reaction mechanisms, and the thermal decomposition kinetics and the competition between the reaction channels are addressed in a statistical model. One result of the theoretical model is that CH2O formation was predicted to come directly from methyl formate at temperatures below 1200 K, while above 1800 K, it is formed primarily from the thermal decomposition of methanol.
Bespoke supply‐chain resilience: The gap between theory and practice
Authors: Cohen Morris , Cui Shiliang , Doetsch Sebastian , Ernst Ricardo , Huchzermeier Arnd , Kouvelis Panos , Lee Hau , Matsuo Hirofumi , Tsay Andy A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent research has documented that companies are pursuing a variety of strategies to enhance supply‐chain resilience. This paper examines how managers actually think about resilience strategies, and then analyzes the relationship between operations, supply‐chain characteristics, and the implemented strategies. We define a “Triple‐P” framework that matches resilience strategies to supply‐chain archetypes by examining Product, Partnership, and Process complexity based on interviews of senior supply‐chain executives. These interviews revealed two major influencers of resilience strategy, that is, Homogeneity of internal supply‐chain processes and Integration with other actors in their end‐to‐end supply chains. We found that the supply chains have different resilience requirements, have different ways to achieve resilience (which we conceptualize as “bespoke supply‐chain resilience”), and face different obstacles to resilience. This study aims at initiating a dialogue between supply‐chain scholars and practitioners to support more research for developing an effective supply‐chain resilience strategy.
Histopathological liver steatosis linked with high parenteral glucose and amino acid supply in infants with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Gunnar Riikka , Mutanen Annika , Merras‐Salmio Laura , Pakarinen Mikko P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:Steatosis is a common feature of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) in adult and older pediatric patients receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN). There are limited clinical data concerning steatosis in infants with short bowel syndrome (SBS). We investigated early histopathological steatosis and its association to PN.Methods:In this retrospective study, 31 patients with SBS had a diagnostic liver biopsy taken at the median age of 5 (IQR 3–8) months. Follow‐up biopsy was available for 24 patients at the median age of 29 (IQR 14‐52) months. We evaluated the biopsies for steatosis and other histopathological signs of IFALD and compared results with patient characteristics, PN composition, and liver biochemistry.Results:Diagnostic biopsies revealed steatosis in 8 (26%) patients. At the age of 3 months, patients with steatosis had received higher amounts of parenteral glucose: median 15.1 (IQR 12.4–17.2) vs 12.3 (8.7–14.4) g/kg/d (P = 0.04), amino acids: 2.9 (2.5–3.4) vs 2.2 (1.6–2.7) g/kg/d (P = 0.03), and energy: 87 (80–98) vs 73 (54–79) kcal/kg/d (P = 0.01) than those without steatosis. We detected no significant differences in parenteral lipid intake between the groups. Steatosis also associated with increased serum bile acid (P = 0.02), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0002), and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001) levels.Conclusions:In this cohort, high parenteral glucose, amino acid, and energy provision associated with liver steatosis in infants with SBS. We recommend monitoring of bile acid and transaminase levels while aiming for PN with balanced macronutrient supply according to current recommendations to protect the liver from steatosis.
Relationship between periodontitis and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Tromsø Study
Authors: Petrenya Natalia , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Holde Gro Eirin , Oscarson Nils , Jönsson Birgitta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew large‐scale studies have investigated the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk estimated by risk assessment models; moreover, this association remains unexplored in never‐smokers. We aimed to examine the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk in a Norwegian general population, with a focus on never‐smokers and the impact of sex and age.MethodsThe present study included 2623 participants from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, 2015–2016), aged 45–74 years, and without previous myocardial infarction or stroke. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology classification system. Participants were categorized by grade based on percentage bone loss/age as no periodontitis/Grade A (low progression rate) and Grade B/C (moderate‐rapid progression rate). Low, medium, and high cardiovascular risk was defined based on the Norwegian risk model NORRISK 2. We used ordered logistic regression analysis to examine the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk, adjusting for education, toothbrushing frequency, body mass index, and diabetes. Subanalyses included stratification by sex and age (45‒54, 55‒64, 65‒74 years) and a separate analysis of never‐smokers.ResultsPeriodontitis Grade B/C was associated with higher cardiovascular risk than no periodontitis/Grade A (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75‒2.61). This association was significant in both men and women, all age groups, and never‐smokers. However, when never‐smokers were stratified by age, the association remained significant only in those aged 65–74 years (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.50‒5.99).ConclusionPeriodontitis Grade B/C was associated with higher cardiovascular risk overall, and in never‐smokers aged 65–74 years.
Disability entrepreneurship research: Critical reflection through the lens of individual‐opportunity nexus
Authors: Klangboonkrong Te , Baines Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe individual‐opportunity (IO) nexus has been a highly influential perspective in entrepreneurship, but its market‐focused and variance‐deterministic character pose serious limitations where entrepreneurship is intended as a development policy for disabled people. The extant research in disability entrepreneurship converges in the recognition of structural barriers faced by disabled entrepreneurs, but in most cases, the multilevel challenges only translate to adaptive mechanisms at an individual level. When the IO nexus is adopted as a lens, its variance‐deterministic setup and market‐focused outcome definitions are in favor of entrepreneurs with conventional characteristics, but less helpful for a policy purpose where substantial non‐economic value could be overlooked. Two critical points for consideration in disability entrepreneurship research are the role of context in which the disabled entrepreneurs are embedded, and the influences of different levels of analysis.
Conflict, displacement, and economic revival: The case of the internally displaced minority entrepreneurs in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman , Sepulveda Leandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines enterprise activities developed by internally displaced religious minorities (IDRM) and the role that social capital plays in supporting such activities. In particular, the article examines how social capital is linked to microenterprise development and the economic survival/revival of internally displaced religious minorities in Pakistan and why the link between entrepreneurship and social capital is critical for contexts with absent or poorly designed enterprise development policies. A three‐staged, sequential research design was adopted, which comprised the analysis of secondary data on IDRM, a face‐to‐face survey of entrepreneurs and interviews in two selected study sites. The evidence shows how the role of social capital in supporting entrepreneurial activities is determined by socioeconomic inequalities as well as the characteristics of the formal enterprise support infrastructure, that is, where formal institutions are weak, social capital is the main source of entrepreneurial support, with different types of social capital networks delivering different outcomes.
Could the Audiometric Criteria for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Miss Vestibular Schwannomas?
Authors: Shilo Shahaf , Hannaux Ouriel , Gilboa Dor , Ungar Omer Jacob , Handzel Ophir , Abu Eta Rani , Muhanna Nidal , Oron Yahav 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the likelihood of missing a vestibular schwannoma (VS) diagnosis in patients who present with a sudden hearing loss (SHL) that does not meet the most accepted audiometric criteria for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) (a decrease of ≥30 dB at three consecutive frequencies).MethodsAll adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with SHL of any severity in a tertiary care referral medical center between 2015 and 2020 and who underwent an MRI scan to rule out VS were included. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the difference between the rate of VS among patients with an initial audiogram, which met the abovementioned criteria, and those who did not. Other audiometric criteria for SNHL were also evaluated (≥10 dB at ≥2 frequencies and ≥ 15 dB at one frequency).ResultsOf the 332 patients included in the study, 152 met the audiometric criteria for SSNHL, and 180 did not. Both groups had a similar VS rate (8.6% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.914). Similar results were found when other audiometric criteria for asymmetric SNHL were analyzed. In a subgroup analysis of patients with VS‐associated SSNHL, neither the tumor size nor the Koos classification was associated with any of the audiometric criteria systems.ConclusionThere should be a high index of suspicion for the presence of VS in patients with an SHL of any severity.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:670–675, 2023
Photoresponsive Polymer‐Based Biomimetic Contractile Units as Building Block for Artificial Muscles
Authors: Vitale Giulia , Grandinetti Bruno , Querceto Silvia , Martella Daniele , Tesi Chiara , Poggesi Corrado , Cerbai Elisabetta , Wiersma Diederik S. , Parmeggiani Camilla , Ferrantini Cecilia , Sacconi Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLoss of muscular mechanical function occurs in several diseases affecting millions of people worldwide, including heart failure, stroke, and neuromuscular disorders. To date, no medical or surgical treatments can restore muscular contractility, and the development of artificial muscles is of extreme interest. Mimicking biological muscles, which are optimized systems displaying quick reaction times, is not trivial; only few examples are reported, mainly focused on the use of biomimetic smart materials. Among them, liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can be biocompatible, show contraction parameters comparable to those of native striated muscles, and are able to effectively potentiate cardiac contraction in vitro. To go further and develop in vivo implantable devices, the integration of the stimulation system with the LCE material represents an essential step. Here, a light‐stimulated biomimetic contractile unit (BCU), combining ultra‐thin photoresponsive LCE films and mini‐LED (mLED) matrixes is described. BCU performance (in terms of extent and kinetics of contractile force and shortening) can be fine‐tuned by modulating both mLED light power and spatial stimulation patterns, allowing to reproduce mechanical dynamics of native muscles. These results pave the way for the development of novel LCE‐based contraction assist devices for cardiac, skeletal, or smooth muscle support by assembling multiple BCUs.
Structure–Property–Processing Relations of Short‐Chain Branched Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with Biobased Comonomers
Authors: Mielke Christian , Kuhnigk Justus , Pospiech Doris , Komber Hartmut , Boldt Regine , Lederer Albena , El Fray Miroslawa , Standau Tobias , Ruckdäschel Holger , Altstädt Volker , Voit Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is difficult to foam due to its unfavorable rheological behavior (low melt strength, no strain hardening). In particular, a high expansion and a homogeneous cell morphology are difficult to achieve. This can be altered successfully by addition of multifunctional chain extenders. Chain extenders cause nondefined and rarely understood changes in the polymer architecture usually described as branching. In this contribution, the synthesis of two series of PBT copolyesters with defined short‐chain branched units is presented. Dilinoleic derivatives with linear C9and C7alkyl side chains are employed to reflect short‐chain branches and are incorporated into PBT in various molar ratios. Characterization by NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography demonstrates the random chain structure and high molar masses of the terpolyesters. Incorporation of dilinoleic derivatives results in the reduction of PBT crystallinity, decreased glass transition temperatures, and altered rheological behavior, in particular of extensional rheology characterized by strain hardening. The comparison to control copolyesters without branches proves that strain hardening is caused by the branches. A higher concentration of branches induces stronger strain hardening, resulting in successful foaming. It is demonstrated that the new terpolyesters have properties comparable with PBT treated with chain extenders.
A design of broadband bandpass frequency selective surface
Authors: Li Meiling , Hong Mudan , Yang Qihao , Zheng Qi , Yang Xuexia , Yi Zixuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband frequency selective surface (FSS) based on a multilayer coupling cascade is presented. The overall structure consists of three metallic layers and two dielectric substrates. In addition, a crosspatch terminated with an E‐shaped structure and a gradient cross structure with a slot is introduced in the middle metallic layer to control the transmission zero and extent of the current path, respectively. The unit cell periodicity is about 0.27 , and the overall thickness of the dielectric layer is about 0.087 . Prototypes of the proposed FSS are designed and simulated, and an equivalent circuit model is developed to explain the mechanism further. Finally, the FSS prototype works at the center frequency of 12.2 GHz with a relative −0.5 dB bandwidth of 70% and a relative −3dB bandwidth of 104%. The frequency responses are relatively stable with the variation of incidence angles from 0° to 60°.
Understanding Salmon Migration Dynamics in a Data-Limited Environment
Authors: Buchanan Rebecca A. , Whitlock Steven L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Effective management of natural resources and migratory fish populations depends on understanding the relationship between life cycle parameters, management decisions, and environmental conditions. However, the difficulty of data collection can result in small or nonrepresentative data sets, thus limiting the accuracy and utility of modeling results. This is especially true for studies of migratory species in changing environments. In such situations, reevaluating previous results in light of new data is an essential exercise. We used three additional years of acoustic telemetry data to assess and update previous statistical models of survival of juvenile fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts emigrating through the southern portion of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter, “Delta”) in California. Some previously identified relationships were maintained with the additional data, including the significance of water flow measures in areas outside the main-stem migration route and the role of water temperature and river discharge into the system for upstream reaches. The net downstream-directed discharge in the interior Delta was associated with fish movement to a large water pumping facility, but its perceived importance in the original analysis depended on a single dominant study year. Survival in dry years was predicted to be higher in the upstream region of the main-stem San Joaquin River when a temporary rock barrier limited entry of fish and river flow to the first distributary encountered in the Delta. In normal and wet years, through-Delta survival was predicted to be higher for fish that departed the main-stem river at that distributary. However, considerable uncertainty remains in the modeling results. Additional monitoring will be necessary to further reduce uncertainty and ensure that the modeling results reflect the system as it responds to climate change.
Content Media Retrieval using Virtual Network Functions in Multi‐access Edge Computing architecture
Authors: Bastos Ian Vilar , Moraes Igor Monteiro , Nguyen Thi‐Mai‐Trang , Pujolle Guy 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe mobile traffic grows every year. Resource requirements of mobile applications, as processing power and storage capacity, transformed the architecture of cellular networks into a centralized infrastructure, the C‐RANs. On the other hand, providing resources close to base stations, as the multi‐access edge computing suggests, allows an immediate processing for delay sensitive applications. In this work, we formulate as a mixed integer linear programming the retrieval of media contents through caches acting as virtual network functions. The optimization model minimizes both the media contents' retrieval cost and the number of instantiated virtual network functions. Results show that the characteristic that has most impact on caching is the high throughput between the node that stores the virtual network function images and the virtualized environment that hosts the image, where up to 70% of the requests are satisfied. When caches have low storage capacity and incurs high transferring delay cost for deployment, the most important characteristic is the throughput distribution between the virtualized environment and the base stations.