bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying machine learning for large scale field calibration of low‐cost PM2.5and PM10air pollution sensors
Authors: Adong Priscilla , Bainomugisha Engineer , Okure Deo , Sserunjogi Richard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow‐cost air quality monitoring networks can potentially increase the availability of high‐resolution monitoring to inform analytic and evidence‐informed approaches to better manage air quality. This is particularly relevant in low and middle‐income settings where access to traditional reference‐grade monitoring networks remains a challenge. However, low‐cost air quality sensors are impacted by ambient conditions which could lead to over‐ or underestimation of pollution concentrations and thus require field calibration to improve their accuracy and reliability. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning methods for large‐scale calibration of AirQo sensors, low‐cost PM sensors custom‐designed for and deployed in Sub‐Saharan urban settings. The performance of various machine learning methods is assessed by comparing model corrected PM usingk‐nearest neighbours, support vector regression, multivariate linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net regression, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron, random forest and gradient boosting with collocated reference PM concentrations from a Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM). To this end, random forest and lasso regression models were superior for PM2.5and PM10calibration, respectively. Employing the random forest model decreased RMSE of raw data from 18.6 μg/m3to 7.2 μg/m3with an average BAM PM2.5concentration of 37.8 μg/m3while the lasso regression model decreased RMSE from 13.4 μg/m3to 7.9 μg/m3with an average BAM PM10concentration of 51.1 μg/m3. We validate our models through cross‐unit and cross‐site validation, allowing analysis of AirQo devices' consistency. The resulting calibration models were deployed to the entire large‐scale air quality monitoring network consisting of over 120 AirQo devices, which demonstrates the use of machine learning systems to address practical challenges in a developing world setting.
Cobaloxime Photocatalysis for the Synthesis of Phosphorylated Heteroaromatics
Authors: Yu Ji‐Xin , Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, cobaloxime is used for the first time as a catalyst for the synthesis of phosphorylated heteroaromatics, which is an intriguing and versatile functional motif. With visible‐light irradiation, cobaloxime not only oxidizes phosphine oxides to form phosphorus radicals (P‐radicals) for a subsequent reaction with radical acceptor isocyanides or heteroaromatics, but also combines the radical intermediate with β‐H elimination, thereby producing phosphorylated heteroaromatics with only H2 or CH4 as byproduct. Phosphine oxides with dialkyl, alkylaryl, and diaryl substituents could be directly transformed into phosphorylated phenanthridines, benzothiazoles, isoquinolines, and common heteroaromatics. This catalytic system features extremely mild conditions, broad substrate scope and good to excellent yields. Scale‐up reaction and sunlight reaction show the great application potential in the green synthesis of important organophosphorus chemicals.
Aryl‐aryl linked two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks/cellulose composite monolith with hierarchical structure for aqueous dyes adsorption
Authors: Zhou Chengda , Zhou Huyan , Tang Shiyun , Zhang Fengmei , Lei Sheng , Li Zhenjie , Chen Mao , Liu Jingjing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAryl‐aryl linked two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs) were synthesized by interfacial trimerization of 4,4′‐diacetylbiphenyl. The 2D‐COFs presented rigid skeleton structure, regular porosity and micron‐scale layered nanosheet structure, which can be easily exfoliated by sonication without destroying the micron size. The integration of 2D‐COFs and cellulose matrix via non‐solvent‐induced phase separation has facilely generated 2D‐COFs/cellulose composite monolith with hierarchical structure bearing nano/micro scale pores and 2D/3D dimensions. The composite monolith material has been successfully applied to dye adsorption using methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) as model adsorbates under aqueous conditions. At an initial dye concentration of 200 mg L−1 and neutral pH conditions, excellent adsorption capacities were presented (91.5 mg g−1 for MB, 67.3 mg g−1 for RhB), with satisfactory recyclability and good compatibility to different dye concentrations and pH environment. We anticipate the techniques will broaden the fabrication of COFs and related composite materials, and enable promising practical applications in porous materials and waste water treatment.
Does acute pancreatitis herald pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? A multicenter electronic health research network study
Authors: Singh Ritu R. , Klein Alison P. , Sharma Neil R. , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHigh mortality in pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is related to delayed diagnosis and lack of cost‐effective early detection strategies. Retrospective studies have demonstrated an association between PDAC and acute pancreatitis (AP). Herein, we explore the incidence of PDAC in patients with non‐biliary and non‐alcoholic AP.MethodsA population‐based, retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing TriNetX (Cambridge, MA). Patients ≥40 years with AP (ICD‐10‐CM code: K85) and without biliary AP (K85.1), alcohol‐induced AP (K85.2) or chronic pancreatitis (K86.0, K86.1), were identified. The primary outcome was incidence of PDAC (C25) in patients at defined intervals following AP. We compared the rate of early‐stage diagnosis (stage 1–2) and surgical resection among patients with and without preceding AP.ResultsThe incidence of PDAC ranged from 2.16% (1 year) to 3.43% (5 years). Patients with PDAC and AP in preceding year were more likely to undergo surgical resection relative to those without AP (10.1% vs. 6.3%, risk ratio 1.62: 95% confidence interval, CI 1.47–1.79). Early‐stage diagnosis of PDAC was more frequent in patients with preceding AP; however, difference was insignificant (p = 0.48; 95% CI 0.64–2.58).ConclusionAP is infrequently associated with PDAC and can precede a diagnosis of PDAC in a minority of patients without another known etiology of pancreatitis. Patients with a recent AP are more likely to undergo surgical resection of PDAC and a trend toward diagnosis at an earlier stage compared to patients with PDAC and without AP. The impact of AP‐related PDAC on survival is unknown.
Human action recognition using fusion‐based discriminative features and long short term memory classification
Authors: Karuppannan Kiruba , Darmanayagam Shiloah Elizabeth , Cyril Sunil Retmin Raj 
Published: August 2022

SummaryProposed is a discriminative feature modeling technique in three orthogonal planes (TOP) for human action recognition (HAR). Pyramidal histogram of orientation gradient‐TOP (PHOG‐TOP) and dense optical flow‐TOP (DOF‐TOP) techniques are utilized for salient motion estimation and description to represent the human action in a compact but distinct manner. The contribution of the work is to explicitly learn the gradual change of visual patterns using fusion of PHOG‐TOP and DOF‐TOP technique to discover the nature of the action. With this feature representation, dimensionality reduction is achieved by deep stacked autoencoders. The encoded feature representation is used in long short term memory (LSTM) classification for HAR. Experiments with better recognition rate demonstrate the discriminative power of the proposed descriptor. Moreover, the proposed modeling and LSTM classification outperforms the state of art methods for HAR.
Identification of QTL and alleles for agronomic and seed quality traits in C genome using a Brassica napus population diversified with B. oleracea
Authors: Nikzad Azam , Kebede Berisso , Megha Swati , Buchwaldt Miles , Parkin Isobel , Rahman Habibur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was carried out by using a Brassica napus population of 175 lines, developed from six B. napus × B. oleracea interspecific crosses, and 5,743 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for agronomic and seed quality traits and to understand the effect of B. oleracea alleles on these traits. Heritability of these traits varied from 52.9 to 84.1%. About 79% of the SNPs were positioned to the nine C genome chromosomes, while only 21% to the 10 A genome chromosomes; this was largely due to little genetic variation in the A genome of this population, as expected. However, the SNPs were distributed throughout the entire length of the chromosomes suggesting their usefulness in GWAS. The C genome SNPs detected nine genomic regions affecting these traits. This included the genomic regions of C2 and C5 affecting days to flowering, C1 affecting the duration of grain‐filling period, C1, C5, and C8 affecting oil content, and C1, C2, and C6 affecting glucosinolate content; among these, some of the loci has not been reported previously. The QTL alleles of B. oleracea which can be beneficial in oilseed B. napus, such as the C5 QTL allele for the earliness of flowering, were also identified. Several putative candidate genes were identified in the QTL regions. Thus, the results provided evidence of the utility of the B. oleracea gene pool for use in unveiling the unidentified QTL in B. napus as well as its use in breeding.
Corporate social responsibility and export performance under stakeholder view: The mediation of innovation and the moderation of the legal form
Authors: Martos‐Pedrero Antonio , Jiménez‐Castillo David , Ferrón‐Vílchez Vera , Cortés‐García Francisco Joaquín 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior confronting findings on the association between corporate social responsibility and profitability show that some aspects remain to be clarified about this binomial. Contributing to this body of research is particularly interesting in the case of the exporters to understand the role that corporate social responsibility may play in improving export performance. This study aims to determine the impact of firms' corporate social responsibility efforts on their export performance by examining innovation and the legal form of the organization as factors that could affect this relationship. Using data from 107 agri‐food companies, we found that corporate social responsibility has no direct effect on export performance. However, our results show that innovation serves as a mediator in this relationship. It was also found that companies that adopt associative legal forms (i.e., cooperatives) benefit more from their social responsibility practices than companies that adopt non‐associative legal forms.
Effects of initial leaching for estimates of mass loss and microbial decomposition—Call for an increased nuance
Authors: Lind Lovisa , Harbicht Andrew , Bergman Eva , Edwartz Johannes , Eckstein Rolf Lutz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDecomposition is essential to carbon, nutrient, and energy cycling among and within ecosystems. Several methods have been proposed for studying litter decomposition by using a standardized and commercially available substrate. One of these methods is the Tea Bag Index (TBI) which uses tea bags (green and rooibos tea) incubated for ~90 days. The TBI is now applied all over the globe, but despite its usefulness and wide application, the TBI (as well as other methods) does not explicitly account for the differences in potential loss of litter mass due to initial leaching in habitats with large differences in moisture. We, therefore, studied the short‐term mass losses (3–4 h) due to initial leaching under field and laboratory conditions for green and rooibos tea using the TBI and contextualized our findings using existing long‐term mass loss (90 days) in the field for both aquatic and terrestrial environments. For both tea litter types, we found a fast initial leaching rate, which could be mistaken for decomposition through microbial activity. This initial leaching was higher than the hydrolyzable fraction given in the description of the TBI. We also found that leaching increased with increasing temperature and that leaching in terrestrial environments with high soil moisture (>90%) is almost as large as in aquatic environments. When comparing our findings to long‐term studies, we found that up to 30–50% of the mass loss of green tea reported as decomposition could be lost through leaching alone in high moisture environments (>90% soil moisture and submerged). Not accounting for such differences in initial leaching across habitats may lead to a systematic overestimation of the microbial decomposition in wet habitats. Future studies of microbial decomposition should adjust their methods depending on the habitat, and clearly specify the type of decomposition that the study focuses on.
Timing and synchrony of birth in Eurasian lynx across Europe
Authors: Mattisson Jenny , Linnell John D. C. , Anders Ole , Belotti Elisa , Breitenmoser‐Würsten Christine , Bufka Ludek , Fuxjäger Christian , Heurich Marco , Ivanov Gjorge , Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz , Kont Radio , Kowalczyk Rafał , Krofel Miha , Melovski Dime , Mengüllüoğlu Deniz , Middelhoff Tomma Lilli , Molinari‐Jobin Anja , Odden John , Ozoliņš Jānis , Okarma Henryk , Persson Jens , Schmidt Krzysztof , Vogt Kristina , Zimmermann Fridolin , Andrén Henrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ecology and evolution of reproductive timing and synchrony have been a topic of great interest in evolutionary ecology for decades. Originally motivated by questions related to behavioral and reproductive adaptation to environmental conditions, the topic has acquired new relevance in the face of climate change. However, there has been relatively little research on reproductive phenology in mammalian carnivores. The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) occurs across the Eurasian continent, covering three of the four main climate regions of the world. Thus, their distribution includes a large variation in climatic conditions, making it an ideal species to explore reproductive phenology. Here, we used data on multiple reproductive events from 169 lynx females across Europe. Mean birth date was May 28 (April 23 to July 1), but was ~10 days later in northern Europe than in central and southern Europe. Birth dates were relatively synchronized across Europe, but more so in the north than in the south. Timing of birth was delayed by colder May temperatures. Severe and cold weather may affect neonatal survival via hypothermia and avoiding inclement weather early in the season may select against early births, especially at northern latitudes. Overall, only about half of the kittens born survived until onset of winter but whether kittens were born relatively late or early did not affect kitten survival. Lynx are strict seasonal breeders but still show a degree of flexibility to adapt the timing of birth to surrounding environmental conditions. We argue that lynx give birth later when exposed to colder spring temperatures and have more synchronized births when the window of favorable conditions for raising kittens is shorter. This suggests that lynx are well adapted to different environmental conditions, from dry and warm climates to alpine, boreal, and arctic climates. This variation in reproductive timing will be favorable in times of climate change, as organisms with high plasticity are more likely to adjust to new environmental conditions.
Crosstalk reduction between microstrip lines using TL‐shaped defected microstrip structure
Authors: Li Chenlong , Wang Yafei , Li Xuehua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem of far‐end crosstalk between microstrip lines, a method to improve crosstalk by using the TL‐shaped defective microstrip structure (DMS) is proposed. This method optimizes the ratio of the capacitive coupling and the inductive coupling between coupled microstrip lines by etching TL‐shaped DMSs on the microstrip lines, reducing the strength of electromagnetic coupling, thereby achieving an improvement in crosstalk. The quantitative equivalent model, S‐parameters, and full‐wave EM simulations are used to analyze the frequency response of the TL‐shaped DMS and crosstalk between the microstrip lines. The results of High Frequency Structure Simulator software simulation and sample texts show that the TL‐shaped DMS can effectively improve the far‐end crosstalk while ensuring the transmission of signals on the microstrip line. In the frequency range of 0–8 GHz, the far‐end crosstalk can be improved by about 11 dB, and the maximum can be improved by 42 dB. Compared with other DMSs, the TL‐shaped DMS has better crosstalk improvement effect and practical application potential.
Direct reduced iron and zinc recovery from electric arc furnace dust
Authors: Matsukevich Iryna , Kulinich Natalia , Romanovski Valentin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAt present, the volumes of use of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust are extremely insignificant. The volumes of their formation amount to thousands of tons per month. During storage, they have a negative impact on the environment. At the same time they are a material that has a valuable composition (oxides of iron, non‐ferrous metals, etc.) and is promising for recycling. However, the secondary use of zinc‐containing EAF dust in ferrous metallurgy leads to the accumulation of zinc in the lining of blast furnaces and frequent malfunctions.RESULTSIt has been established that zinc oxide is mainly in the bound state in the composition of the franklinite phase (Zn,Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O4. The processes of solid‐phase reduction of EAF dust with the production of zinc concentrate and sponge iron, which are in demand as raw materials for non‐ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, have been studied. The optimal conditions for the reduction process were determined and the physicochemical characteristics, granulometric and phase composition of the initial materials, and reduction products were investigated.CONCLUSIONSIt has been established that the use of a combination of reducing agents of different nature (coal coke and H2) during heat treatment at 1100 °C and cooling in a reducing medium (Ar/H2, 5 vol%) makes it possible to obtain sponge iron with impurities (the highest degree of iron metallization was 97.5%), and zinc oxide with a basic substance content of about 98.4 wt.%. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
On existence and concentration of solutions for Hamiltonian systems involving fractional operator with critical exponential growth
Authors: Costa Augusto C. R. , Maia Bráulio B. V. , Miyagaki Olímpio H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence and concentration of ground state solutions for the following class of fractional Schrödinger system
where H has exponential critical growth, λ is a positive parameter and has a potential well with consisting of k disjoint components . The proof relies on variational methods and combines truncation arguments and the Moser iteration technique.
Topiramate and other kainate receptor antagonists for depression: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shamabadi Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common disorder that affects patients' quality of life and incurs health system costs. Due to the resistance to treat depression, better understanding of neurophysiology was considered; one of the implications is the glutamatergic system. This study aims to systematically review clinical trials investigating the antidepressant effects of kainate receptor antagonists.MethodsThe study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021213912). Scopus, ISI, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and two trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of topiramate, phenobarbital, and other ten barbiturates in depression. The difference with control groups in terms of changing depressive symptoms was the primary outcome.ResultsNine trials were identified, in which 784 patients were studied. The efficacy of thiopental was comparable to that of imipramine, with fewer side effects. When administered with electroconvulsive therapy, it had fewer to similar effects and fewer side effects than ketamine. Both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with topiramate were effective and tolerable in treating depressed patients. Phenobarbital had therapeutic effects compared to imipramine and amitriptyline with fewer side effects.ConclusionRegarding the glutamatergic hypothesis of depression and obtained promising results, further studies of kainate receptor antagonists in high‐quality trials are recommended. Given the high prevalence of depression in epileptic patients, more problems with its treatment, and the fact that the studied agents were anticonvulsants, it is recommended that future studies prioritize depressed‐epileptic patients.
Advances in understanding Kawasaki disease‐related immuno‐inflammatory response and vascular endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Li Tao 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, which tends to involve coronary arteries and can lead to acquired heart disease in children. The immuno‐inflammatory response and vascular endothelial dysfunction are important causes of coronary artery disease in patients with KD. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is a rare inflammatory disease in children identified in recent years, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection; this disease overlaps with KD. This review examines research progress concerning the immuno‐inflammatory response and vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with KD, as well as differences between KD and MIS‐C.
ReaxFF‐based molecular dynamics simulation of the interactions between OH radicals in plasma and succinate dehydrogenase in cancer cell mitochondria
Authors: Wang Huichao , Zhao Tong , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Daohan , Zhang Yuantao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the plasma‐induced apoptosis of cancer cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause mitochondrial enzyme dysfunction and inhibit the respiration of cancer cells. In this article, we explored the microscopic reaction mechanism between succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the OH radicals in plasma. The results showed that the hydrogen abstraction reaction was the most basic reaction mode. The S–H bond had the highest reaction activity, and the cysteine had the highest reaction participation rate in the simulation. Increasing OH radical concentration, the damage degree of SDH increased, while the utilization rate of OH decreased. This study facilitates a new perspective of the apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells in plasma therapy and provides a reference for the clinical plasma treatment of cancer.
Click Chemistry Mediated by Photochemical Energy
Authors: Arora Amandeep , Singh Kamaljeet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight mediated chemical reactions have emerged as an important class of reactions known as photoclick reactions. These reactions have allowed synthesis of complex molecular structures to be performed under mild conditions. The spatiotemporal control offered by photoclick reactions cannot be achieved by thermal processes. This review captures the advances in the area of photoclick chemistry and highlights the importance of light induced cycloaddition reactions, thiol‐ene/yne reactions and hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions.