bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of school-based neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical fitness in children: a systematic review
Authors: Lin Junlei , Zhang Ruofei , Shen Jie , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
The primary purpose of this review was to clarify the effects of school-based integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on fundamental movement skills and physical fitness in children. The secondary purpose was to examine whether school-based INT intervention is superior to physical education (PE) intervention in enhancing motor skills and fitness.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The last search was performed on December 21, 2021, and was limited to the English language, human species, and peer reviewed journals. Randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized controlled trials that examine the effects of school-based INT on motor skills and/or fitness in healthy children who were aged up to 14 years old were included. Moreover, studies included in this study should compare school-based INT-induced adaptions with those generated by PE interventions. Studies that involve athletic children and additional exercise training were excluded. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the quality of the study.

Results
Of 1,026 studies identified, seven original trials that meet the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Based on the PEDro scale, the PEDro score of seven studies was between six and eight points with a mean score of 5.29. Among the seven studies included in this study, four studies assessed physical fitness including muscular fitness (n = 4), speed (n = 3), endurance (n = 2), and flexibility (n = 2). Three studies examined the effects of INT on postural control and three studies explored its effects on motor skills. Concerning movement competence, significant and greater improvements in postural control and fundamental motor skills were observed following school-based INT interventions compared to PE intervention in two and three studies, respectively. Regarding physical fitness, neuromuscular training significantly increased muscular fitness, speed, endurance, flexibility in three, two, one, and one studies, respectively. However, only greater improvements in muscle fitness were observed in school-based INT group compared to PE group. The main limitations of this review were the lack of descriptions of training intensity and volume and the low methodological quality of the included studies.

Conclusion
This review provides evidence that school-based neuromuscular training programs are superior to PE lessons in improving postural control, fundamental motor skills and muscular strength. Therefore, INT could be incorporated into traditional physical education classes in school. Trial registration number: CRD42022297349.
Phytochemical Constituent and Anti-corrosion Properties of the Root Extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus (Nvo-nkwu) Plant on Mild Steel in 1.5M HCl Medium
Authors: Nsude Okechukwu Paul , Orie Kingsley John 
Published: July 2022

The research reports on the phytochemical constituents and anti-corrosion properties of the root extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus on mild steel in 1.5M HCl. The powdered root was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical constituents’ were achieved through GC-MS, FTIR and wet analysis. The anticorrosion properties were investigated via weight loss, hydrogen evolution techniques, and SEM analysis. The phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids at reasonable percentages. At different temperatures of 303K, 313K, and 323K, the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, entropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, and adsorption isotherms were extrapolated with some models. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract, an indication of the inhibitive property of the root extract. This was supported through the extrapolation of Gibbs free energy, activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy change. The thermodynamic variable shows that the mechanism of inhibition was physisorption, whereas the kinetics study confirmed a first-order kinetic on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. The values of the linear regression R2 confirm the inhibitive impact of the root extract on mild steel in an acid medium. The presence of the heteroatoms N, O, and S in the root extracts of Phyllanthus mellerianus has been attributed to their inhibitory effectiveness.
Tailoring Plasmonic Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Toward Sunlight‐Driven H2 Production
Authors: Herran Matias , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Fan Chenghao , Lee Seunghoon , Xie Wei , Döblinger Markus , Auguié Baptiste , Cortés Emiliano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybrid nanoparticles combining plasmonic and catalytic components have recently gained interest for their potential use in sunlight‐to‐chemical energy conversion. However, a deep understanding of the structure–performance that maximizes the use of the incoming energy remains elusive. Here, a suite of Au and Pd based nanostructures in core–shell and core‐satellites configurations are designed and their photocatalytic activity for Hydrogen (H2) generation under sunlight illumination is tested. Formic acid is employed as H2 source. Core‐satellite systems show a higher enhancement of the reaction upon illumination, compared to core–shell ones. Electromagnetic simulations reveal that a key difference between both configurations is the excitation of highly localized and asymmetric electric fields in the gap between both materials. In this scheme, the core Au particle acts as an antenna, efficiently capturing visible light via the excitation of localized plasmon resonances, while the surrounding Pd satellites transduce the locally‐enhanced electric field into catalytic activity. These findings advance the understanding of plasmon‐driven photocatalysis, and provide an important benchmark to guide the design of the next generation of plasmonic bimetallic nanostructures.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich La0.5Sr1.5Ni0.9Cu0.1O4–δ as a High‐Performance Bifunctional Catalyst for Symmetric Ammonia Electrolyzer
Authors: Zhang Mengfei , Zou Peimiao , Jeerh Georgina , Sun Boyao , Walker Marc , Tao Shanwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, strontium and copper dual‐doped La2NiO4 annealed in Ar (La0.5Sr1.5Ni0.9Cu0.1O4‐δ‐Ar, LSNC‐Ar) with K2NiF4 structure is strategically designed as an ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) bifunctional catalyst for high‐efficiency ammonia electrolysis. The selective substitution of lanthanum with high content strontium improves the electronic conductivity and increases the oxygen vacancy concentration. Doping of Cu into the B‐site of the perovskite induces a synergistic interplay of Ni and Cu, leading to excellent AOR activity. Due to the excellent AOR and HER activity of doped La2NiO4, a symmetric ammonia electrolyzer based on LSNC‐Ar (SAE‐LSNC‐Ar) is assembled and investigated for the removal of ammonia. In addition, the performance of the SAE is comparable to the ammonia electrolyzer based on a PtIr/C anode and Pt/C cathode at low voltage. This is the first report using an oxide with the K2NiF4 structure as an efficient AOR catalyst. The assembled SAE‐LSNC‐Ar shows ≈95% ammonia removal efficiency in real landfill leachate, which is the highest among electrochemical removal of ammonia in landfill leachate. This study paves an attractive route to explore materials with the K2NiF4 structure as highly efficient AOR/HER bifunctional catalysts for the electrolysis of ammonia.
How Halogenation Impacts the Polymer Backbone Conformation: Learning from Combination of Solid‐State MAS NMR and X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Olla Théodore , Jabbour Ribal , Labiod Amina , Boyron Olivier , Méry Stéphane , Heinrich Benoît , Heiser Thomas , Jacquemin Denis , Lévêque Patrick , Lesage Anne , Leclerc Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, halogenated semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Thus, in most of today's organic photovoltaic devices benchmark organic semiconductors are halogenated materials, either electron donor polymers or non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) small molecules. However, the nature and position of the substituted halogen atoms in halogenated semiconducting polymers impact, through self‐assembly modification, their optoelectronic properties in a way that is difficult to predict. Yet, the solid‐state self‐assembling of these materials has been shown to be a key parameter toward high charge transport properties and photovoltaic efficiencies. In this context, there is still a need to develop analytical methods that will enable an atomic‐scale structural characterization of these materials as a function of the halogenation. In this study, the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under magic angle spinning (MAS) is explored as a tool to investigate the local structure and supramolecular organization of a series of conjugated polymers, specially designed for this study. Through a comprehensive study using complementary techniques, including MAS–NMR, small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and molecular modeling investigations, the molecular conformation of these polymers in relation to their chemical composition, is successfully determined.
Properties of Dual Emissive Dendrimers Based on ThermallyActivated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrons and a Phosphorescent Ir(ppy)3 Core
Authors: Thamarappalli Akash , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Jang Junhyuk , Gao Mile , Burn Paul L. , Puttock Emma V. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDual emission light‐emitting dendrimers composed of phosphorescent fac‐tris[2‐phenylpyridyl]iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] cores and thermally activated delayed fluorescence‐based (TADF‐based) dendrons have been prepared. The TADF‐based dendrons are designed to have green or blue emission. The dendrimers show solvatochromism, with the emission switching between phosphorescence and TADF depending on the medium in which the measurement is undertaken. Time‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements show that the TADF dendrons can act as an energy pool for emission from the phosphorescent core. The PL quantum yields (PLQYs) are found to be strongly dependent on the dielectric constant of the solvent, ranging from as high as 76% to as low as 0.3%. Neat films of the dendrimers are found to have relatively balanced hole and electron mobilities of order 10–6 cm2 V–1 s–1, with bilayer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing neat emissive layers having a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.7% for a film having a PLQY of 12%. Finally, the solution processed OLEDs fabricated using 0.4 mol% of the dendrimers blended with 9‐[3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐carbonitrile result in green emission with maximum EQEs of 9.8% and 15.1% for the dendrimers with green and blue emissive TADF dendrons, respectively.
Synergistic Engineering of Heterointerface and Architecture in New‐Type ZnS/Sn Heterostructures In Situ Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Toward High‐Efficient Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Ke Chengzhi , Shao Ruiwen , Zhang Yinggan , Sun Zhefei , Qi Shuo , Zhang Hehe , Li Miao , Chen Zhilin , Wang Yangsu , Sa Baisheng , Lin Haichen , Liu Haodong , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Chen Shuangqiang , Zhang Qiaobao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineering heterogeneous composite electrodes consisting of multiple active components for meeting various electrochemical and structural demands have proven indispensable for significantly boosting the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a novel design of ZnS/Sn heterostructures with rich phase boundaries concurrently encapsulated into hierarchical interconnected porous nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks (ZnS/Sn@NPC) working as superior anode for LIBs, is showcased. These ZnS/Sn@NPC heterostructures with abundant heterointerfaces, a unique interconnected porous architecture, as well as a highly conductive N‐doped C matrix can provide plentiful Li+‐storage active sites, facilitate charge transfer, and reinforce the structural stability. Accordingly, the as‐fabricated ZnS/Sn@NPC anode for LIBs has achieved a high reversible capacity (769 mAh g−1, 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1), high‐rate capability and long cycling stability (600 cycles, 645.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, 92.3% capacity retention). By integrating in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations with theoretical simulations, a multiscale and in‐depth fundamental understanding of underlying reaction mechanisms and origins of enhanced performance of ZnS/Sn@NPC is explicitly elucidated. Furthermore, a full cell assembled with prelithiated ZnS/Sn@NPC anode and LiFePO4 cathode displays superior rate and cycling performance. This work highlights the significance of chemical heterointerface engineering in rationally designing high‐performance electrodes for LIBs.
Large‐Scale Synthesis and Applications of Hafnium–Tantalum Carbides
Authors: Kvashnin Alexander G. , Nikitin Dmitry S. , Shanenkov Ivan I. , Chepkasov Ilya V. , Kvashnina Yulia A. , Nassyrbayev Artur , Sivkov Alexander A. , Bolatova Zhanar , Pak Alexander Ya. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComprehensive theoretical and experimental studies are performed to discover a new way of synthesis of HfTaC coatings. Here, an evolutionary search for stable crystal structures in the ternary HfTaC system with subsequent selective large‐scale experimental synthesis of coatings using a unique plasma dynamic experimental setup is performed. Optimization of the experimental process allows us to perform selective synthesis of coatings made of hafnium–tantalum carbides with predefined stoichiometry, crystal structure, and properties. Along with more than 70 compounds, the HfTaC system belongs to ternary and quaternary carbides of group IV and V transition metals, and this study opens the door to synthesis of a large number of functional coatings composed of other carbides including high‐entropy carbides.
Multiscale Functional Metal Architectures by Antibody‐Guided Metallization of Specific Protein Assemblies in Ex Vivo Multicellular Organisms
Authors: Song Chang Woo , Song Dae‐Hyeon , Kang Dong Gyu , Park Ki Hyun , Park Chan E , Kim Hyunwoo , Hur Yongsuk , Jo Sung Duk , Nam Yoon Sung , Yeom Jihyeon , Han Seung Min , Chang Jae‐Byum 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiological systems consist of hierarchical protein structures, each of which has unique 3D geometries optimized for specific functions. In the past decades, the growth of inorganic materials on specific proteins has attracted considerable attention. However, the use of specific proteins as templates has only been demonstrated in relatively simple organisms, such as viruses, limiting the range of structures that can be used as scaffolds. This study proposes a method for synthesizing metallic structures that resemble the 3D assemblies of specific proteins in mammalian cells and animal tissues. Using 1.4 nm nanogold‐conjugated antibodies, specific proteins within cells and ex vivo tissues are labeled, and then the nanogold acts as nucleation sites for growth of metal particles. As proof of concept, various metal particles are grown using microtubules in cells as templates. The metal‐containing cells are applied as catalysts and show catalytic stability in liquid‐phase reactions due to the rigid support provided by the microtubules. Finally, this method is used to produce metal structures that replicate the specific protein assemblies of neurons in the mouse brain or the extracellular matrices in the mouse kidney and heart. This new biotemplating approach can facilitate the conversion of specific protein structures into metallic forms in ex vivo multicellular organisms.
Elucidating the Step‐Wise Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Operando Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gogoi Neeha , Melin Tim , Berg Erik J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is arguably one of the most critical components of the Li‐ion cell. Despite decades of studies of the SEI, its intrinsic complexity and the lack of suitable characterization tools still prevent a real consensus on the governing mechanisms to be reached. Herein, operando Raman spectroscopy supported by complimentary online electrochemical mass spectrometry is employed to study the SEI formation on Au in a model electrolyte based on LiClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC). Both the electrolyte itself and cell contaminants, such as O2, CO2, and H2O, contribute in stepwise electro‐/chemical processes to the build‐up of the SEI. Effects associated with electrode/electrolyte double‐layer charging, electrode adsorbate polarization (stark effect), and SEI dissolution are discerned. Lithium carbonate and lithium oxide are identified as major products formed already ≈2 V versus Li+/Li. Although Raman spectroscopy provides deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms, complementary techniques are necessary to support spectral interpretations. Classical challenges in the field of surface science, such as contaminations, have to be systematically addressed if the puzzle of the SEI ever will be completed.
Boosting the Temperature Adaptability of Lithium Metal Batteries via a Moisture/Acid‐Purified, Ion‐Diffusion Accelerated Separator
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Kexin , Gan Yichen , Wang Helin , Liu Fu , Bai Miao , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhiqiao , Li Shaowen , Shao Ahu , Zhou Kefan , Wang Tianyu , Wang Zhuyi , Yuan Shuai , Ma Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe reliable operation of Li metal batteries suffers from cathode collapse due to high‐voltage cycling, interfacial reactivity of the Li deposits, self‐discharge at the elevated temperatures, as well as the power output deterioration in low‐temperature scenarios. In contrast to the individual electrode optimization, herein, a hetero‐layered separator with an asymmetric functional coating on polyethylene is proposed in response to the aforementioned issues: On the face‐to‐cathode side, the hybrid layer of the molecular sieve and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde can scavenge the hydrofluoric acid and moisture residues from the carbonate electrolyte, maintaining the cathode robustness in both the high‐voltage cycling or high‐temperature storage scenarios; while the pre‐coated Ag2S layer in situ generates the Li10Ag3‐Li2S composite matrix in contact with the Li foil, promoting interfacial ion diffusion and isotropic Li deposition. The as‐constructed LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li pouch cell (3.2 Ah) with the hetero‐layered separator can achieve a high energy density of 400.6 Wh kg−1 on the cell level, as well as a wider temperature adaptability (0–75 °C). This asymmetric separator strategy enables facile energy‐dense cell prototyping with the commercial electrode/electrolyte.
Tuning the Coordination Structure of CuNC Single Atom Catalysts for Simultaneous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and NO3– to Urea
Authors: Leverett Josh , Tran‐Phu Thanh , Yuwono Jodie A. , Kumar Priyank , Kim Changmin , Zhai Qingfeng , Han Chen , Qu Jiangtao , Cairney Julie , Simonov Alexandr N. , Hocking Rosalie K. , Dai Liming , Daiyan Rahman , Amal Rose 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClosing both the carbon and nitrogen loops is a critical venture to support the establishment of the circular, net‐zero carbon economy. Although single atom catalysts (SACs) have gained interest for the electrochemical reduction reactions of both carbon dioxide (CO2RR) and nitrate (NO3RR), the structure–activity relationship for Cu SAC coordination for these reactions remains unclear and should be explored such that a fundamental understanding is developed. To this end, the role of the Cu coordination structure is investigated in dictating the activity and selectivity for the CO2RR and NO3RR. In agreement with the density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that Cu‐N4 sites exhibit higher intrinsic activity toward the CO2RR, whilst both Cu‐N4 and Cu‐N4−x‐Cx sites are active toward the NO3RR. Leveraging these findings, CO2RR and NO3RR are coupled for the formation of urea on Cu SACs, revealing the importance of *COOH binding as a critical parameter determining the catalytic activity for urea production. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report employing SACs for electrochemical urea synthesis from CO2RR and NO3RR, which achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for urea production with a current density of −27 mA cm–2 at −0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
ZIF‐Mg(OH)2 Dual Template Assisted Self‐Confinement of Small PtCo NPs as Promising Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Hao Chao , Yan Bowen , Chen Qiuyan , Feng Huiyan , Mao Xiaoqing , Cen Jianmei , Tian Zhi Qun , Tsiakaras Panagiotis , Shen Pei Kang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditional calcination usually causes sintering of Pt, which diminishes Pt exposure in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes. In the present work, a facile self‐confined method for synthesizing highly dispersed PtCo‐alloy on Co, N co‐doped mesoporous carbon (PCN‐MC) is developed via a dual‐template strategy. Owing to the co‐confined effect of Zn in the bimetallic zeolite‐based imidazolate framework (ZIF) and Mg(OH)2 template, ultra‐fine 2.7 nm PtCo‐alloy with 2–3 atomic‐layer Pt‐skin nanoparticles are obtained. By adjusting the Co/Zn feeding‐ratio in the bimetallic ZIF at 8/7, the alloying degree and nanoparticle size are optimized to achieve an outstanding oxygen reduction reaction activity with a high mass activity (MA) of 0.956 A mgPt−1 in 0.1 m HClO4, about 7.5‐fold of that of commercial Pt/C. Furthermore, notable durability is also achieved with 81% retention of the initial MA after 30k cycles conducted between 0.6–1.0 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode). These features are also verified by a H2–Air fuel cell test with an excellent combination of mass activity, power density, and durability. This strategy provides a feasible route for the large‐scale synthesis of highly‐dispersed PtCo‐alloy catalysts.
Expanding the Utility of Inexpensive Pyridine‐N‐oxide Directing Group for the Site‐selective sp2/sp3γ‐C−H and sp2δ‐C−H Functionalization of Carboxamides
Authors: Tomar Radha , Kumar Amit , Dalal Arup , Bhattacharya Debabrata , Singh Prabhakar , Arulananda Babu Srinivasarao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have shown our efforts toward expanding the utility of the relatively inexpensive pyridine‐N‐oxide directing group in the Pd(II)‐catalyzed site‐selective γ‐C(sp2)−H, γ‐C(sp3)−H and δ‐C(sp2)−H functionalization. The functionalization β−C−H bonds using bidentate directing group (DG) pyridine‐N‐oxide which operates through the N,O‐coordination mode has been well documented in the literature. However, there exist rare reports dealing with the functionalization of remote sp2/sp3 γ‐ and δ‐C−H bonds of carboxamides assisted by the bidentate directing groups operating via the N,O‐coordination. In this paper, the scope of pyridine‐N‐oxide DG was examined for accomplishing the site‐selective (mono) γ‐C(sp2)−H arylation in substrates containing competitive C(sp3)−H and C(sp2)−H bonds. The investigation has enabled to assemble a library of pyridine‐N‐oxide‐based biarylacetamides, heteroaryl‐based biaryl carboxamides, tricyclic quinolones, arylheteroarylmethanes, biaryl‐based aliphatic carboxamides and mono (ortho) arylated phenylglycine derivatives. In general, biaryl derivatives and in particular, arylacetamide, arylacetic acid derivatives and pyridine‐N‐oxide (2‐aminopyridyl) motifs are medicinally relevant classes of compounds. This work enabled the assembling of a library of the above‐mentioned types of compounds through the pyridine‐N‐oxide directing group‐aided site‐selective sp2/sp3 γ‐C−H and sp2 δ‐C−H functionalization of carboxamides.