bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term reproducibility of peripheral superficial vein depth and diameter measurements using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Miharu Matsumoto , Nobuko Hashiguchi , Hiromitsu Kobayashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound imaging is used for diagnosis, treatment, and blood vessel visualization during venous catheter placement. However, various physiological factors (e.g., body temperature and exercise) influence vein diameters, which are expected to exhibit daily or diurnal fluctuations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the intraday (short-term) and interday (long-term) reproducibility of repeated measurements of the depth and diameter of peripheral superficial veins.

Methods
Twenty-three healthy young women (mean age, 21.7 ± 0.8 years) participated in the study to examine the short- and long-term reproducibility of the depth and diameter of the cutaneous vein in the left elbow fossa acquired by ultrasound imaging. Short-term measurement intervals were 10 s, and the probe was released from the skin for each acquisition, which was repeated five consecutive times. Long-term measurements were performed at the same time on the next day following the same procedure. The acquired images were analyzed for vein depth and diameter using ImageJ software. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the short- and long-term reproducibility of the measurements. The relationship between the venous depth and venous diameter intra-individual variation was analyzed, as well as the influence of body composition (body fat and muscle mass) on the venous diameter and depth.

Results
For vein depth measurements, the short- and long-term ICCs were 0.94–0.96 and 0.88, respectively. For the vein diameter, the short- and long-term ICCs were 0.94–0.97 and 0.67, respectively. The short-term ICCs for both vein depth and diameter exceeded 0.9, indicating that the ultrasound vascular measurement was sufficiently reliable. However, long-term reproducibility was slightly lower, especially for the vein diameter. No correlation was found between the intra-individual variation of the vein diameter and vein depth. Although the vein diameter and body fat mass uncorrelated, the vein depth and body fat mass significantly correlated (r = 0.675, 95% confidence interval = 0.281–0.830).

Conclusions
The long-term reproducibility of vein diameters was somewhat lower than that of the short-term reproducibility. This could be attributed to fluctuations in the physiological state of the participant rather than to the instability of the measurement. Therefore, ultrasound measurement of the peripheral superficial vein is sufficiently reliable.
Advanced MRI features of intraventricular inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a case report
Authors: Tang Xiao-lin , Huang Wen-jun , Ma Qiang , Yi Kun-ming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) tumor. We first report a rare case of IMT in the lateral ventricle and describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the tumor with an emphasis on the advanced MRI features.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old female patient with headaches and blurred vision for 2 months. Brain MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated mass occupying the left lateral ventricle trigone, with marked perilesional brain edema. The tumor showed heterogeneous significant hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). After the administration of gadolinium, the mass exhibited marked contrast enhancement and the halo sign was observed. On advanced MRI, the lesion showed decreased perfusion on perfusion MRI and reduced diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). On susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), there was a punctate low signal intensity in the tumor. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass and a pathological examination confirmed the lesion to be an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with negative expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). This patient had remained healthy without evidence of recurrence during a 20-month follow-up.

Conclusions
On MRI, marked perilesional brain edema, significant hyperintensity on T2WI, hypoperfusion on perfusion MRI but with an obvious enhancement, no diffusion restriction on DWI, and halo sign may be the characteristic findings of intraventricular IMT. The advanced MRI characteristics could provide abundant information to reflect the histological features and physiological metabolic characteristics of the tumor.
Identifying target areas of medicines information efforts to pregnant and breastfeeding women by reviewing questions to SafeMotherMedicine: A Norwegian web-based public medicines information service
Authors: Bakkebø Tina , Heitmann Kristine , Vågsvoll Kamilla , Erdal Hilde , Schjøtt Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Online information about safety of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding is shown to be conflicting, resulting in anxiety and abstaining from use. The aim of this study was to characterize questions to SafeMotherMedicine, a web-based medicines information service for pregnant and breastfeeding women, to identify target areas that could guide subsequent development of medicines information directed at pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Methods
The SafeMotherMedicine database contains all questions received through the web-based service and their corresponding answers. A retrospective database analysis of questions received from January 2016 to September 2018 was performed, using descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 11 618 questions were received including 5 985 questions (51.5%) concerning pregnancy, 4 878 questions (42.0%) concerning breastfeeding, and 755 questions (6.5%) concerning both conditions. The medications in question represented all therapeutic groups with paracetamol (7.0%), ibuprofen (4.1%), cetirizine (3.3%), desloratadine (3.2%) and meclizine (2.8%) being the top five. The 20 medications most frequently asked about for either pregnancy, breastfeeding or both pregnancy and breastfeeding, constituted half of all questions and were used to identify target areas. These included both symptomatic relief of common complaints, such as pain, nausea, and rhinitis, as well as treatment of chronic conditions such as allergy, psychiatric disorders, and asthma. Analysis of a subset of questions showed that most of these questions were asked before use of medications in a current pregnancy (49%) or during breastfeeding (72%). The questions concerned use of medications in all stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding. For 81.6% of the questions concerning pregnancy, and for 84.2% of the questions concerning breastfeeding, information of no or low risk for the foetus or the breastfed infant was provided by SafeMotherMedicine.

Conclusions
We found that target areas for medicines information directed at pregnant and breastfeeding women included both symptomatic relief of common complaints as well as treatment of chronic conditions. The questions concerned a wide range of medications and involved use in all stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding. Our findings indicate that developing medicines information addressing the identified target areas will meet the information need for a large proportion of this patient group.
Predictors of adherence and the role of primary non-adherence in antihormonal treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Dragvoll Ida , Bofin Anna M. , Søiland Håvard , Taraldsen Gunnar , Engstrøm Monica Jernberg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Antihormonal treatment for hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer has highly beneficial effects on both recurrence rates and survival. We investigate adherence and persistence in this group of patients.

Methods
The study population comprised 1192 patients with HR-positive breast cancer who were prescribed adjuvant antihormonal treatment from 2004 to 2013. Adherence was defined as a medical possession ratio (MPR) of ≥80.

Results
Of the 1192 included patients, 903 (75.8%) were adherent and 289 (24.2%) were non-adherent. Primary non-adherence was seen in 101 (8.5%) patients. The extremes of age (< 40 and ≥ 80 years) were associated with poor adherence. Patients with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and those who received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were more likely to be adherent. Better adherence was also shown for those who switched medication at 2 years after diagnosis. Primary non-adherence seems to be associated with cancers with a good prognosis.

Conclusion
Adherence to antihormonal therapy for breast cancer is suboptimal. Primary non-adherence occurs among patients with a relatively good prognosis. Non-adherent patients tend to terminate their antihormonal therapy in the initial part of the treatment period. Targeted interventions to improve adherence should be focused on the first part of the treatment period.
Hemoperfusion and intravenous immunoglobulins for refractory gastrointestinal involvement in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Che Ruochen , Xu Haisheng , Ding Guixia , Zhao Fei , Huang Songming , Zhang Aihua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) with refractory gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is always difficult to handle because of its resistance to supportive therapies and glucocorticoid. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapies in this population.

Methods
Sixty-four HSP patients with refractory GI involvement (R-GI group) and 64 cases with mild GI symptoms (control group) were retrospectively analyzed in our center from March 2016 to October 2019. In R-GI group, 42 cases (subgroup A) were treated with IVIG and steroid, 13 cases (subgroup B) used HP and steroid, 9 cases (subgroup C) executed a combination of IVIG, HP and steroid. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory indexes and treatment outcomes were recorded. t-test, One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression were used in comparing differences among subgroups and predicting independent risk factors.

Results
Compared with the control group, R-GI cases experienced higher risk of renal involvement (P = 0.000), more steroid exposure (P = 0.000), six times expenses (P = 0.000) and 2.3 times length of hospitalization (P = 0.000). The independent risk factors of R-GI group were elevated neutrophils (OR 1.250 [95% CI 1.130-1.383]) and the percentage of B lymphocytes (OR 1.100 [95% CI 1.026-1.179]) as well as decreased IgG (OR 0.847 [95% CI 0.732-0.98]). In R-GI group, increased age (OR 1.039 [95% CI 1.016-1.062]) and IgM (OR 5.994 [95% CI 1.403-27.611]) were verified to be risk factors of HSP nephritis. All three subgroups could alleviate the symptoms effectively. Compared with those in subgroup A, patients in subgroup B were elder (P = 0.004), had less relapse (P = 0.002), steroid exposure (P = 0.033) and expenses (P = 0.031), more significant decrease of WBC (P = 0.026) after treatment.

Conclusion
The HSP with refractory GI involvement had much higher risk of medical burden and renal involvement. Both IVIG and HP therapies could ameliorate refractory GI symptoms efficiently. HP therapy tended to reduce the relapse, costs and steroid exposure in its audiences who were cooperated and with stable hemodynamics, while IVIG had better use in younger children.
Adherence to micronutrient powder for home fortification of foods among infants and toddlers in rural China: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Sun Chang , Ye Ruixue , Akhtar Muizz , Dill Sarah-Eve , Yuan Ping , Zhou Huan , Rozelle Scott 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe WHO recommends daily use of micronutrient powder for infants and toddlers at risk of micronutrient deficiencies in low-and-middle-income countries. China has established a micronutrient powder distribution program in many rural townships and villages, yet adherence to micronutrient powder remains suboptimal; a little is known about the behavioral inputs that may influence adherence. This study examines direct and indirect behavioral inputs in micronutrient powder adherence among caregivers in rural western China following the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) framework.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from April to May 2019 among 958 caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months in six counties. Data were collected on micronutrient powder adherence behavior, direct behavioral inputs (knowledge and skills, intention, salience, environmental constraints, and habits), and indirect behavioral inputs (attitudes, perceived social norms, and personal agency). Structural equation modeling (SEM) adjusted for sociodemographic covariates was used to evaluate the IBM framework.ResultsMean micronutrient powder adherence in the previous seven days was 53.02%, and only 22.86% of caregivers consistently fed micronutrient powder from the start of micronutrient powder distribution at six months of age. The SEM model revealed small- to medium-sized effects of salience (β = 0.440, P < 0.001), intention (β = 0.374,P < 0.001), knowledge and skills (β = 0.214,P < 0.001), personal agency (st. effect = 0.172,P < 0.001), environmental constraints (β=-0.142,P < 0.001), and caregiver generation (β = 0.119,P < 0.05) on micronutrient powder adherence. Overall, 54.7% of the variance in micronutrient powder adherence was explained by the IBM framework. Salience had the largest impact on micronutrient powder adherence (Cohen’sf2 = 0.227). Compared to parent caregivers, grandparents had a higher degree of micronutrient powder adherence on average (P < 0.001), and behavioral inputs were consistent among both parent and grandparent caregivers.ConclusionThere is a need to improve micronutrient powder adherence among rural caregivers. The IBM framework showed a high degree of explanatory power in predicting micronutrient powder adherence behavior. The findings suggest that increased reminders from doctors regarding micronutrient powder and coaching to improve personal agency in micronutrient powder feeding may increase adherence.
The roles of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats
Authors: Zhou Bing-na , Zhang Qian , Lin Xiao-yun , Hu Jing , Zhao Di-chen , Jiang Yan , Xing Xiao-ping , Li Mei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The reduction in androgen level gives rise to a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle strength, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the roles of novel cytokines of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats.

Methods
Twenty 3-month-old male rats were randomized to receive sham or orchiectomy (ORX) operation. Rats were euthanized after 8 weeks of surgery, and serum levels of sclerostin and irisin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and execution. Grip strength was measured by a grip strength tester at baseline and before execution. BMD and bone microarchitecture were measured by microcomputed tomography. The samples of bone and muscle were harvested at execution. Bone biomechanics were measured by three-point bending tests and vertebral body indentation tests. Bone and muscle histological features were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin stain, Von Kossa’s stain and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase stain. Simple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between serum levels of sclerostin, irisin and grip strength and BMD of ORX rats.

Results
Serum sclerostin level increased from 279 ± 44 pg/mL to 586 ± 57 pg/mL since baseline to 8 weeks after ORX (P = 0.002), which was significantly higher than that in sham rats (406 ± 20 pg/mL at execution) (P = 0.012). Serum irisin level decreased from 4.12 ± 0.20 ng/mL to 3.55 ± 0.29 ng/mL since baseline to 8 weeks of ORX (P = 0.048), which was significantly lower than sham rats (4.84 ± 0.37 pg/mL at execution) (P = 0.013). Trabecular BMD, parameters of bone microarchitecture, bone strength, grip strength and the myofibers size of soleus muscles were significantly lower in ORX rats than in sham group. Grip strength was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r = 0.713, P < 0.001) and bone volume/total volume (r = 0.712, P < 0.001) in all rats. The serum sclerostin level was negatively correlated to femoral trabecular BMD (r = -0.508, P = 0.022) and grip strength (r = -0.492, P = 0.028). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r = 0.597, P = 0.005), but no obvious correlation was found between irisin level and muscle strength in all rats.

Conclusions
Reduced BMD, impaired bone microarchitecture, weak strength of bone and muscle, and thin myofibers were induced by androgen deficiency of ORX rats. Serum sclerostin and irisin levels were significantly changed after ORX, which might be closely correlated with the occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in ORX rats.
Posterior instrumentation combined with anterior debridement and reconstruction using allogenic strut bone for the treatment of children with multilevel lumbar spinal tuberculosis: minimum 5-year follow-up
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Zhang Xueying , Zhang Yi , Lv Guohua , Wang Xiaobin , Li Jing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of one-stage posterior instrumentation combined with anterior debridement and reconstruction using allogenic strut bone for the surgical treatment of multilevel lumbar spinal tuberculosis in children younger than 10 years of age with at least 5 years of follow-up.

Methods
A total of 16 children with multilevel lumbar spinal tuberculosis who underwent one-stage posterior instrumentation combined with anterior debridement and reconstruction using allogenic strut bone were enrolled from January 2003 to January 2017. Among them, 6 were females and 10 were males with an average age of 6.9 ± 2.2 years (range 3–10 years). Patients’ clinical outcomes, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kyphosis angle, and neurologic function, were assessed before and after surgery. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The average follow-up was 7.8 ± 2.4 years. CRP and ESR of all patients returned to the normal range within 1 year. Compared with preoperative neurological deficits, postoperative and final follow-up neurological deficits improved significantly by grades 0.9 and 1.6, respectively. No instrumentation failure occurred, and all patients achieved solid bone fusion. The preoperative kyphosis angle was 29.9 ± 8.1°, which decreased significantly to 5.9 ± 2.6° postoperatively. There was a mild loss (2.5°) and the kyphosis angle was 8.4 ± 2.9° at final follow-up, with an overall correction rate of 71.3%.

Conclusion
One-stage posterior instrumentation combined with anterior debridement and reconstruction using allogenic strut bone is a safe and effective procedure for children with multilevel lumbar spinal tuberculosis. This approach facilitates the removal of lesions and decompression of the spinal cord and is effective in restoring spinal stability, correcting kyphosis, and preventing deterioration of the deformity.
Comprehensive use of a high-frequency electric knife, balloon dilatation, and cryotherapy for tuberculous central tracheobronchial cicatricial constriction
Authors: Li Kunying , Lian Taomei , Liang Qiang , Zhang Liping , Chen Ying , Liu Jiwei , Qian Jiaping , Liu Xin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To examine the benefits of interventional therapy for cicatricial constriction using a high-frequency electric knife, saccular dilatation, and cryotherapy.

Methods
This case series included patients with central tracheobronchial cicatricial constriction admitted to the Department of Tuberculosis of Henan Provincial Chest Hospital from July 2018 to March 2021 and treated with bronchoscopic interventional therapies based on systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Results
96 patients were included, in whom 443 interventional therapies were performed. The total mid-(3 months) and long-term (12 months) effective rates were both 100%. The internal diameter of tracheobronchial stenosis increased after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (all < 0.05). After interventional treatment, patients’ symptoms of choking sensation in the chest and shortness of breath were relieved. Respiratory function was obviously improved. The ratios of hemorrhage, granulation hyperplasia, chest pain, and postoperative fever were 58.2%, 42.6%, 31.3%, and 26.7%, respectively. No focal transmission and progression of tuberculosis occurred, and no serious complications were observed.

Conclusion
The use of a high-frequency electric knife, saccular dilatation, and/or cryotherapy according to the pathological stage of the tracheobronchial cicatricial constriction is feasible, with good mid- and long-term curative effects and few complications.
State-level metabolic comorbidity prevalence and control among adults age 50-plus with diabetes: estimates from electronic health records and survey data in five states
Authors: Mardon Russell , Campione Joanne , Nooney Jennifer , Merrill Lori , Johnson Maurice , Marker David , Jenkins Frank , Saydah Sharon , Rolka Deborah , Zhang Xuanping , Shrestha Sundar , Gregg Edward 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Although treatment and control of diabetes can prevent complications and reduce morbidity, few data sources exist at the state level for surveillance of diabetes comorbidities and control. Surveys and electronic health records (EHRs) offer different strengths and weaknesses for surveillance of diabetes and major metabolic comorbidities. Data from self-report surveys suffer from cognitive and recall biases, and generally cannot be used for surveillance of undiagnosed cases. EHR data are becoming more readily available, but pose particular challenges for population estimation since patients are not randomly selected, not everyone has the relevant biomarker measurements, and those included tend to cluster geographically.

Methods
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, the Health and Retirement Study, and EHR data from the DARTNet Institute to create state-level adjusted estimates of the prevalence and control of diabetes, and the prevalence and control of hypertension and high cholesterol in the diabetes population, age 50 and over for five states: Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, and Massachusetts.

Results
The estimates from the two surveys generally aligned well. The EHR data were consistent with the surveys for many measures, but yielded consistently lower estimates of undiagnosed diabetes prevalence, and identified somewhat fewer comorbidities in most states.

Conclusions
Despite these limitations, EHRs may be a promising source for diabetes surveillance and assessment of control as the datasets are large and created during the routine delivery of health care.
Trial Registration: Not applicable.