bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent births (multiparity) lead to permanent changes in cardiac structure
Authors: Yılmaz Mücahid , Korkmaz Hasan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAlthough the effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular system have been covered by many studies, permanent changes in the hearts of multiparous women have not been investigated. This study therefore aimed to examine the permanent structural changes in the cardiac structure of multiparous women via transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).MethodThis case–control study included 366 females who had given birth to 1–21 children, and 218 females with no previous deliveries. Anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), TTE, and exercise stress tests were used to determine whether the cases had additional systemic pathologies. The structural cardiac parameters of all cases were recorded with TTE.ResultsThe study revealed that LV mass, LV mass index, left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were observed higher in women with five or more deliveries when compared to nulliparous women. On the other hand, ejection fraction (EF) was significantly lower in the same group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the prediction sensitivity for the presence of eccentric hypertrophy was 74% among women who had given >10.5 births, and its specificity was 97.8% (AUC: 0.949, 95% CI 0.905–0.993; p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe results showed that women with recurrent births had increased left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular total mass in myocardium and decreased EF due to increased end diastolic volume. The results also showed delivering at frequent intervals (especially the birth of 11 or more) may be one of the causes of eccentric hypertrophy, in women of the low‐to‐middle income countries.
The intraruminal redox potential is stabilised by opposing influences during fermentation
Authors: Rietmann Stefan J. , Gäbel Gotthold , Dengler Franziska 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn optimal fermentation process in the forestomach is pivotal for the wellbeing and performance of ruminants. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) which form the major energy source for the animal. A strong interrelationship of this process with intraruminal pH and redox potential (Eh) exists. These parameters can be measured with intraruminal sensors, but the interpretation of the measurements, especially of Eh, and their meaning for intraruminal homeostasis is not completely clear. In this study, factors influencing intraruminal Eh were elucidated. We hypothesised that intraruminal Eh is influenced by the fermentation process as such, but not by its end products SCFA. We measured Eh and pH in ruminal fluid from fasting cannulated sheep after the addition of 0.06 m Na‐acetate, ‐propionate, ‐butyrate or glucose in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed the interrelation of pH and Eh. Basal Eh and pH values were −120 ± 41 mV and 7.0 ± 0.3, respectively, in native ruminal fluid in vitro. While the addition of SCFA did not induce any changes, glucose addition caused a significant decrease in both pH and Eh compared to the values before the addition (paired Student's t‐test, p < 0.05). We attribute the decrease in Eh to an increased production of H2 in the process of generating SCFA, predominantly acetate. By titrating both native and particle‐free ruminal fluid to more acidic and basic pH values (4.5–8.5), we found a non‐linear inverse correlation of pH and Eh, counteracting the H2‐driven decrease of Eh during fermentation. Thus, the intraruminal Eh is influenced by pH and H2 output during SCFA formation. The opposed character of these factors stabilises the intraruminal homeostasis which might help maintain symbiotic microbiota in the rumen. Understanding, monitoring, and supporting this system will be an essential part of modern cattle production.
Linguistic Priming and Learning Adjacent and Nonadjacent Dependencies in Serial Reaction Time Tasks
Authors: Wang Felix Hao , Kaiser Elsi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough syntactic priming has been well studied and is commonly assumed to involve implicit learning, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still under debate. Recent studies have suggested that exposure to nonlinguistic statistical patterns may influence language users’ relative clause attachment biases, but whether the priming effect comes from implicit learning or explicit experimental task demands has remained unclear. In this study, we tested whether implicit learning of adjacent and nonadjacent sequences occurs in a nonlinguistic task (the serial reaction time task), and if so, whether these implicitly learned dependencies can cause syntactic priming in the linguistic domain. We found no priming effects even though dependencies in the serial reaction time task were successfully learned: learning of nonlinguistic dependencies did not prime relative clause attachment biases when dependency learning was strictly implicit in nature. This work provides novel evidence that implicit knowledge from a domain‐general sequencing task alone does not necessarily induce syntactic priming.
A tutorial on articulatory muscles and ArtiSynth: Tongue and suprahyoid muscles, and 3D tongue model
Authors: Jang Hayeun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article has two main purposes: (i) to review the placement and function of the tongue and suprahyoid muscles concerning speech articulation, and (ii) as a biomechanical simulation tool to study how those muscles are involved in articulation, to introduce a 3D tongue model distributed by a 3D modelling platform called ArtiSynth. The 3D tongue model can be combined with other structural models to provide the outline of the oral cavity. This article presents examples of muscular simulations for/i/and/ɑ/using the jaw‐hyoid‐tongue model in ArtiSynth.
Varied diversification patterns and distinct demographic trajectories in Ethiopian montane forest bird (Aves: Passeriformes) populations separated by the Great Rift Valley
Authors: Manthey Joseph D. , Bourgeois Yann , Meheretu Yonas , Boissinot Stéphane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTaxon‐specific characteristics and extrinsic climatic and geological forces may both shape population differentiation and speciation. In geographically and taxonomically focused investigations, differentiation may occur synchronously as species respond to the same external conditions. Conversely, when evolution is investigated in taxa with largely varying traits, population differentiation and speciation is complex and shaped by interactions of Earth's template and species‐specific traits. As such, it is important to characterize evolutionary histories broadly across the tree of life, especially in geographic regions that are exceptionally diverse and under pressures from human activities such as in biodiversity hotspots. Here, using whole‐genome sequencing data, we characterize genomic variation in populations of six Ethiopian Highlands forest bird species separated by a lowland biogeographic barrier, the Great Rift Valley (GRV). In all six species, populations on either side of the GRV exhibited significant but varying levels of genetic differentiation. Species’ dispersal ability was negatively correlated with levels of population differentiation. Isolation with migration models indicated varied patterns of population differentiation and connectivity among populations of the focal species. We found that demographic histories—estimated for each individual—varied by both species and population but were consistent between individuals of the same species and sampling region. We found that genomic diversity varied by half an order of magnitude across species, and that this variation could largely be explained by the harmonic mean of effective population size over the past 200,000 years. Overall, we found that even in highly dispersive species like birds, the GRV acts as a substantial biogeographic barrier.
A deep neural network framework for real‐time on‐site estimation of acceleration response spectra of seismic ground motions
Authors: Fayaz Jawad , Galasso Carmine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVarious earthquake early warning (EEW) methodologies have been proposed globally for speedily estimating information (i.e., location, magnitude, ground‐shaking intensities, and/or potential consequences) about ongoing seismic events for real‐time/near real‐time earthquake risk management. Conventional EEW algorithms have often been based on the inferred physics of a fault rupture combined with simplified empirical models to estimate the source parameters and intensity measures of interest. Given the recent boost in computational resources, data‐driven methods/models are now widely accepted as effective alternatives for EEW. This study introduces a highly accurate deep‐learning‐based computational framework named ROSERS (i.e., Real‐time On‐Site Estimation of Response Spectra) to estimate the acceleration response spectrum (Sa(T)) of the expected on‐site ground‐motion waveforms using early non‐damage‐causing early p‐waves and site characteristics. The framework is trained using a carefully selected extensive database of recorded ground motions. Due to the well‐known correlation of Sa(T) with structures’ seismic response and resulting damage/losses, rapid and accurate knowledge of expected on‐site Sa(T) values is highly beneficial to various end‐users to make well‐informed real‐time and near‐real‐time decisions. The framework is thoroughly assessed and investigated through multiple statistical tests under three historical earthquake events. These analyses demonstrate that the overall framework leads to excellent prediction power and, on average, has an accuracy above 85% for hazard‐consistent early‐warning trigger classification.
Visualizing Emergent Turn Construction: Seeing Writing While Speaking
Authors: GREER TIM , NANBU ZACHARY 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study draws on multimodal conversation analysis to emically account for moments in second language (L2) English interaction in which speakers appear to be visualizing text as they talk. One way they do this is by slotting out elements of a turn‐in‐progress in the air, shifting their hand in a slotting gesture from left to right as they say each word to display to their recipient that they are visualizing certain elements of the turn. In other cases, participants use their fingers to ‘write’ elements of the turn‐in‐progress on their palms or in the air. The embodied practices of visualizing a turn component by component as it is formulated therefore make public the temporality of its in situ grammatical production. These multimodally accomplished visualizations also provide the speaker with access to a recalled text that helps them produce the spoken equivalent. The study suggests that English‐as‐a‐foreign language (EFL) learners may therefore support their spoken interaction by visualizing written grammar or lexical items, and that multimodal practices such as the precision‐timed deployment of gaze and gesture make a seemingly intrapsychological process like visualization a social matter. The data are taken from a corpus of 94 video‐recorded paired discussion tests among EFL learners whose first language (L1) was Japanese.
Functional Diversification and Progressive Routinization of a Multiword Expression in and for Social Interaction: A Longitudinal L2 Study
Authors: PEKAREK DOEHLER SIMONA , SKOGMYR MARIAN KLARA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we bring together conversation analysis and usage‐based linguistics to investigate the second language (L2) developmental trajectory of a linguistic construction within the complex multimodal ecology of naturally occurring social interaction. We document how, over the course of 15 months, an L2 speaker's use of the French multiword expression comment on dit [how do you say] diversifies in both form and function. Two types of longitudinal change are observed: (a) The expression expands in its context of use: “Literal” uses are observed initially to request a candidate lexical item but are later also found in requests for confirmation, (b) these literal uses become proportionally less frequent, and the expression progressively routinizes as a marker‐like element used for indexing cognitive search and floor‐holding, and eventually also as a preface to self‐correction. This routinization entails erosion in form and meaning, in concert with systematic change in co‐occurring bodily‐visual conduct, in particular gaze and gesture. By documenting change over time in the functional use and the multimodal delivery of the target construction, the findings evidence the longitudinal development of L2 grammar‐for‐interaction and showcase how linguistic and bodily resources may interface in L2 development. They also have important implications for language teaching and learning.
Two independent approaches converge to the cloning of a new Leptosphaeria maculans avirulence effector gene, AvrLmS‐Lep2
Authors: Xiang Neik Ting , Ghanbarnia Kaveh , Ollivier Bénédicte , Scheben Armin , Severn‐Ellis Anita , Larkan Nicholas J. , Haddadi Parham , Fernando Dilantha W. G. , Rouxel Thierry , Batley Jacqueline , Borhan Hossein M. , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBrassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) seedling resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg (stem canker) disease, follows a gene‐for‐gene relationship. The avirulence genes AvrLmS and AvrLep2 were described to be perceived by the resistance genes RlmS and LepR2, respectively, present in B. napus ‘Surpass 400’. Here we report cloning of AvrLmS and AvrLep2 using two independent methods. AvrLmS was cloned using combined in vitro crossing between avirulent and virulent isolates with sequencing of DNA bulks from avirulent or virulent progeny (bulked segregant sequencing). AvrLep2 was cloned using a biparental cross of avirulent and virulent L. maculans isolates and a classical map‐based cloning approach. Taking these two approaches independently, we found that AvrLmS and AvrLep2 are the same gene. Complementation of virulent isolates with this gene confirmed its role in inducing resistance on Surpass 400, Topas‐LepR2, and an RlmS‐line. The gene, renamed AvrLmS‐Lep2, encodes a small cysteine‐rich protein of unknown function with an N‐terminal secretory signal peptide, which is a common feature of the majority of effectors from extracellular fungal plant pathogens. The AvrLmS‐Lep2/LepR2 interaction phenotype was found to vary from a typical hypersensitive response through intermediate resistance sometimes towards susceptibility, depending on the inoculation conditions. AvrLmS‐Lep2 was nevertheless sufficient to significantly slow the systemic growth of the pathogen and reduce the stem lesion size on plant genotypes with LepR2, indicating the potential efficiency of this resistance to control the disease in the field.
Personalized immunosuppression after kidney transplantation
Authors: Cheung Chi Yuen , Tang Sydney Chi Wai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith advances in immunosuppressive therapy, there have been significant improvements in acute rejection rates and short‐term allograft survival in kidney transplant recipients. However, this success has not been translated into long‐term benefits by the same magnitude. Optimization of immunosuppression is important to improve the clinical outcome of transplant recipients. It is important to note that each patient has unique attributes and immunosuppression management should not be a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. Elderly transplant patients are less likely to develop acute rejection but more likely to die from infectious and cardiovascular causes than younger patients. For those with post‐transplant cancers and BK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy, reduction of immunosuppression can increase the risk of rejection. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely used for dosage adjustment of several immunosuppressive drugs. It has been hoped that pharmacogenetics can be used to complement TDM in optimizing drug exposure. Among the various drug‐genotype pairs being investigated, tacrolimus and CYP3A5 gives the most promising results. Different studies have consistently shown that CYP3A5 expressers require a higher tacrolimus dose and take longer time to achieve target blood tacrolimus levels than nonexpressers. However, for pharmacogenetics to be widely used clinically, further trials are necessary to demonstrate the clinical benefits of genotype‐guided dosing such as reduction of rejection and drug‐related toxicities. The development of different biomarkers in recent years may help to achieve true personalized therapy in transplant patients.
Practices and experiences of European frontline nurses under the shadow of COVID‐19
Authors: Melnikov Semyon , Kagan Ilya , Felizardo Helena , Lynch Marion , Jakab‐Hall Charlotte , Langan Lisa , Vermeir Peter , Luiking‐Martin Marie‐Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused health professionals to deal with new situations they have not encountered before. Nurses were forced to cope with increased workloads, seriously ill patients, numerous patient deaths, and unresolved ethical dilemmas. This study aimed to examine the lived experiences of nurses across Europe during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This was a qualitative narrative research study. Eighteen nurses from eight European countries (four each from the UK and Israel, three from Portugal, two each from the Netherlands and Ireland, and one each from Belgium, Italy, and Sweden) submitted narratives about their professional experiences during May–June 2020. The narratives were analyzed using thematic analysis. Seven categories across the narratives were condensed and interpreted into three themes: opportunities and growth, care management, and emotional and ethical challenges. The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected nurses emotionally and provided an opportunity to actively develop systems and skills needed to minimize harm and maximize benefits to patients and nurses.
Armet from whitefly saliva acts as an effector to suppress plant defences by targeting tobacco cystatin
Authors: Du Hui , Xu Hong‐Xing , Wang Fang , Qian Li‐Xin , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Arginine rich, mutated in early stage of tumours (Armet), is a well‐characterized bifunctional protein as an unfolded protein response component intracellularly and a neurotrophic factor extracellularly in mammals. Recently, a new role of Armet as an effector protein mediating insect–plant interactions has been reported; however, its molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of plant defences remain unclear.

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying whitefly‐secreted Armet‐mediated regulation of insect–plant interaction by agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression, RNA interference, electrical penetration graph, protein–protein interaction studies, virus‐induced gene silencing assay, phytohormone analysis and whitefly bioassays.

Armet, secreted by Bemisia tabaci whitefly, is highly expressed in the primary salivary gland and is delivered into tobacco plants during feeding. Overexpression of the BtArmet gene in tobacco enhanced whitefly performance, while silencing the BtArmet gene in whitefly interrupted whitefly feeding and suppressed whitefly performance on tobacco plants. BtArmet was shown to interact with NtCYS6, a cystatin protein essential for tobacco anti‐whitefly resistance, and counteract the negative effects of NtCYS6 on whitefly.

These results indicate that BtArmet is a salivary effector and acts to promote whitefly performance on tobacco plants through binding to the tobacco cystatin NtCYS6. Our findings provide novel insight into whitefly–plant interactions.
“If the Woman Doesn't Prevent, You Will Become Pregnant”: Exploring Male Involvement in Contraceptive Use Preceding Unplanned Pregnancy in Sierra Leone
Authors: McLean Kristen E. , Thulin Elyse J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobally, millions of unintended pregnancies occur each year resulting in a host of social, economic, and health‐related problems. Improving knowledge of and access to family planning services is an effective way to prevent unintended pregnancy, and research suggests that men's involvement promotes greater contraceptive uptake. To explore this issue, we assess contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Sierra Leonean men who experienced an unplanned pregnancy. Findings indicate that men's participation in family planning was limited due to barriers including inadequate knowledge about contraception, poor access to services, and gender norms that consider family planning a woman's responsibility. As a result, men often resorted to a pattern of control that put the onus of contraceptive use on women and blamed women when they became pregnant, without considering their own role in pregnancy prevention. We suggest that family planning policies and interventions both engage men and address the barriers to their participation in reproductive health.
Soft maximin estimation for heterogeneous data
Authors: Lund Adam , Wengel Mogensen Søren , Richard Hansen Niels 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracting a common robust signal from data divided into heterogeneous groups is challenging when each group—in addition to the signal—contains large, unique variation components. Previously, maximin estimation was proposed as a robust method in the presence of heterogeneous noise. We propose soft maximin estimation as a computationally attractive alternative aimed at striking a balance between pooled estimation and (hard) maximin estimation. The soft maximin method provides a range of estimators, controlled by a parameter , that interpolates pooled least squares estimation and maximin estimation. By establishing relevant theoretical properties we argue that the soft maximin method is statistically sensible and computationally attractive. We demonstrate, on real and simulated data, that soft maximin estimation can offer improvements over both pooled OLS and hard maximin in terms of predictive performance and computational complexity. A time and memory efficient implementation is provided in the R package SMME available on CRAN.
Patient-generated data in epilepsy care decisions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jylhä Virpi , Rosenlund Milla , Kuusisto Hanna , Saranto Kaija 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review will explore the meaning and content of patient-generated data in epilepsy care decisions.

Introduction:
Clinical decisions about management of long-term conditions such as epilepsy are based on multiple factors, including efficacy and safety of interventions, experiences of professionals as well as patient preferences and values. Patient-generated data integrates patient values and preferences into clinical decision-making. However, more information is needed about the meaning and content of patient-generated data when making clinical decisions in epilepsy care.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies focusing on patient-generated data and clinical decision-making in epilepsy management. Studies will be included if they concern adult patients with epilepsy, their family members/guardians, or health professionals who treat patients with epilepsy in any health care facility or eHealth services. All studies will be included regardless of methodology. Text and opinion papers will also be considered. Study protocols will be excluded.

Methods:
The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature will include websites of relevant epilepsy organizations and DART-Europe E-theses Portal. The data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a tool created for the study purpose. Along with a narrative summary, the results will be presented in tabular or graphical format in a manner that aligns with the review objective and questions. There will be no time limit on the search. Studies published in English, Finnish, Swedish, and German will be included.