bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Souffrant d’« insouffrables » souffrances : espaces et représentations de la douleur dans la dernière maladie de Philippe II (été 1598)
Authors: Andretta Elisa 
Published: August 2022

La dernière maladie de Philippe II (été 1598) constitue un observatoire privilégié pour réfléchir, dans une perspective historique et située, à la douleur suscitée par la peine d’autrui au xvie siècle. À partir de l’analyse de sources produites par différents témoins de l’événement, l’article s’interroge tout d’abord sur la place que la douleur occupe dans les récits des derniers mois du roi. Il vise ensuite à déconstruire les représentations édifiantes qui présentent un roi stoïque et pieux acceptant en bon martyr des peines qui lui seraient envoyées du ciel et à montrer comment se définit autour de la douleur un espace de négociations entre Philippe II et ses médecins et chirurgiens. Une attention particulière est accordée à la façon dont ces acteurs sanitaires, directement impliqués dans la gestion d’une situation délicate, perçoivent la douleur du roi et cherchent à y faire face, tout en étant soumis aux pressions que leur impose la prise en charge de cet illustre patient.
« Se condouloir » à distance
Authors: Brancher Dominique 
Published: August 2022

À partir du xive siècle, la notion de compassio est réinterprétée, voire réinventée, dans le cadre de la médecine et de la philosophie naturelle, notamment à travers les commentaires à la section 7 des Problemata physica attribués à Aristote. L’Expositio de Pietro d’Abano, commentaire de référence jusqu’au xvie, forge le néologisme condolor tout en introduisant le critère de ressemblance (similitudo) : la compassion diminue à mesure que la proximité (ontologique, géographique, familiale) s’amenuise.Héritier critique de cette tradition, Montaigne aborde de manière lucide et inédite le problème de la compassion : d’une part, il remet en cause le principe d’une compassion plus ou moins forte selon la ressemblance des êtres et rompt avec les réflexes compassionnels de deux groupes socioculturels bien distincts (le vulgaire pour le spectacle des exécutions publiques, la gentilhommerie pour la chasse) ; d’autre part, il s’intéresse très explicitement à l’ambiguïté de ses ressorts.
La gestion des épizooties de peste bovine dans les villes de l’espace belge au xviiie siècle
Authors: Riguelle William 
Published: August 2022

S’appuyant principalement sur la réglementation des instances de pouvoir central, provincial et local, ainsi que sur quelques mémoires, essais et rapports médicaux, cette contribution propose d’aborder la gestion de la peste bovine dans les villes des Pays-Bas et de la principauté de Liège au xviiie siècle. Il s’agit de montrer comment le corps animal devient un enjeu à la fois administratif et sanitaire dans ce contexte de crise, et d’observer la manière dont il influence l’organisation et l’approvisionnement de l’espace urbain, territoire moins souvent traité dans les études consacrées à cette thématique. En s’intéressant à l’instauration d’un cordon sanitaire et au renforcement de la politique de surveillance alimentaire, cette étude montre la capacité de la ville à s’organiser en période d’épizootie pour assurer à la fois la préservation de la santé publique et le bon fonctionnement de l’économie. L’attention que suscite la maladie au sein de la société est d’ailleurs considérable, en témoignent l’évolution de la médecine vétérinaire, les écrits de plusieurs médecins européens sur le sujet ainsi que la création d’une jointe dans certaines provinces des Pays-Bas.
The underutilized resources in the lowland wet zone forests of Sri Lanka and untapped Indigenous knowledge of peripheral households
Authors: Ranawake A. L. 
Published: August 2022

Biological diversity and cultural diversity have been identified as interdependent factors by UNESCO “Culture for the 2030 Agenda”. Biological diversity determines the livelihood of the inhabitants. The contribution of inhabitants to conserve or manage the habitat sustainably is highly recognized by the world heritage convention. Minimizing waste, avoiding chemicals, selecting natural and healthier products, and recyclability are the five sustainability goals in trend. Ecological sustainability is the key feature of the communities living in their natural habitats. Indigenous knowledge of the people who lived in a specific area for generations is an underutilized resource for the sustainable management of the ecological system. Data centrism, carbon offsetting, and going for green products are new concepts of the century. These concepts were often applied by the local people who lived closer to lowland tropical forests in Sri Lanka. Gathering information on indigenous knowledge and identifying the diverse materials used by the indigenous people will be a reference library for future sustainable utilization, management, and conservation of lowland tropical forests. The present work describes indigenous knowledge as revealed by the local people who live closer to lowland tropical forests. The information is mainly focused on agriculture-related themes, namely food (mushrooms, aquatic and terrestrial leaves, wild fruits, aquatic molluscs), wood, vines, and leaves for production purposes (materials for housing, wood for specific purposes, leaves for weaving), natural substances (oils, wax, resins, dies, and toxic substance gathered from the forests, their sources, and usage) and honey collection and animal rearing. This invites the scientific community to explore the untouched areas in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and architectural fields within new trending concepts such as ecological sustainability, eco-friendly, low-waste food, functional food, carbon footprint offset, green building, eco-tourism, and tightening supply chain concepts.
Assessment of colistin resistance in Gram negative bacteria from clinical samples in resource-limited settings
Authors: Chauhan Shubham , Kaur Narinder , Saini Adesh K. , Chauhan Jyoti , Kumar Harit 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To find a proper method to assess colistin resistance in multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) on a routine basis in resource limited settings.

Methods:
Clinical samples were processed. MDR-GNB were identified and were examined for colistin resistance by colistin broth elution method, colistin agar method, and colistin disk elution screening method. Broth microdilution method was used the gold standard.

Results:
A total of 10 235 clinical samples were processed, in which 857 (8.4%) MDR-GNB were identified. The very significant errors, categorical agreement, major errors, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, specificity and sensitivity of all the phenotypic methods were 5.5%, 0%, 94.4%, 100%, 99.6%, 100% and 94.4%, respectively for the detection of colistin resistance. The colistin elution screening method was cheap and easy to perform with similar results to broth microdilution method.

Conclusions:
All the evaluation methods for colistin resistance showed similar results. So the laboratories can choose any method for detection of colistin resistance. However, we recommend colistin disk elution screening method because, it is easy and cheap and can be performed in limited resources.
Transcatheter closure of congenital portosystemic shunts – A multicenter experience
Authors: Koneti Nageswara Rao , Bakhru Shweta , Jayranganath Mahimarangaiah , Kappanayil Mahesh , Bobhate Prashant , Srinivas Lakshmivenkateshiah , Kulkarni Snehal , Kodandarama Sastry Usha Mandikal , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare and present variably with hepatic encephalopathy, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), and pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Objective:
The objective of the study was to see the feasibility of transcatheter closure of CPSS and their outcome.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed the data of 24 patients of CPSS who underwent transcatheter closure from five institutions (March 2013 to April 2019). Baseline evaluation included echocardiography with bubble contrast study, ultrasound examination of the abdomen, computed tomography angiogram, and cardiac catheterization with test balloon occlusion of the CPSS. The evaluation showed cyanosis due to PAVM in 12, PH in 8, and respiratory distress in 2. Two had both cyanosis and PH. Criteria for eligibility for complete catheter closure of CPSS included demonstration of intrahepatic portal vein (PV) radicals together with a PV pressure of ≤18 mmHg on occlusion.

Results:
The median age and weight were 8 years (0.5–21) and 19.5 kg (4.2–73), respectively. Transcatheter closure was performed in 21 patients (22 procedures) using a variety of occlusive devices and stent-graft exclusion was done in one patient. Closure was not done in 3 in view of high portal venous pressures and hypoplastic PVs. During the follow-up (median: 42 months and range: 61 days–4.8 years), saturation normalized in 14 patients with PAVM. PH declined in all eight patients who underwent the procedure. Respiratory distress improved in two patients.

Conclusions:
Early and short-term follow-up results of catheter closure of CPSS appear promising. However, further, follow-up is needed to demonstrate long-term effectiveness.
Pragmatic issues and prescribing patterns in bipolar disorder
Authors: Garg Shobit , Goyal Nishant , Tikka Sai Krishna , Mishra Preeti 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is substantial treatment gap between the suggested guidelines and pragmatic clinical practice for psychotropic usage in bipolar disorder (BD) due to the lack of naturalistic studies and not taking into account the transcultural differences and diverse background. We intend to study this treatment gap and elucidate the preference of psychotropics and prescription patterns, critical clinical issues faced and related pragmatics in BD by conducting the mental health professionals survey.

Methodology:
After focused discussions, Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments guidelines being the primary anchor, a 46-item online survey questionnaire was prepared. With 25.4% response rate, 127 psychiatrists were evaluated using Survey Monkey® electronic platform on the demographics, predominant polarity; usage of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and electroconvulsive therapy, psychotropic's preference (monotherapy vs. polytherapy) in the acute and maintenance phase of BD.

Results:
Majority of the participants were males (70.9%) and placed in government institute or medical colleges. Majority agreed that child and adolescent and old age bipolar probands are not routinely seen but subthreshold BD cases are frequent; did not prefer mood stabilizer in pregnancy (61.4%) and antidepressants, preferred polytherapy in acute but monotherapy in maintenance phase (after 3rd episode), seldom preferred ECT as an option (more in suicidality), agreed to a subset of BD being refractory and neuroprogressive.

Conclusion:
This study elucidates the importance of treatment preferences, prescribing patterns and pragmatic issues faced by the clinicians. These patterns if studied longitudinally in a systematic manner would help in modifying the potential treatment strategies and reduce treatment gap.
Prevalence of adult ADHD in patients with substance use disorder in North East India
Authors: Samal Biswajeet , Senjam Gojendra , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell , Ningombam Heramani Singh , Das Rama Chandra , Das Sudipta Kumar 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) often co-exist with substance use disorders (SUD) both in adolescents and adults. Untreated ADHD can lead to multiple relapses, sociooccupational dysfunction and may worsen the outcome of SUD. ADHD is often underdiagnosed in the adult population. Therefore, the present study was intended to determine the types, patterns, and factors related to drug dependence among different age groups and to estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD in SUD patients in North East India.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study carried out in patients diagnosed with SUD as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders, 5th Edition. Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (v1.1) Symptom Checklist was applied to screen for symptoms of adult ADHD in the patients.

Results:
In the age group of 18–29 years, 82.7% of patients were diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD), while 63.9% of the subjects in the age group of 30–49 years patients suffered from Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). All patients of age 50 years and above were AUD. Our study showed that 24.3% of the total study population had the presence of adult ADHD. Symptoms of Adult ADHD were found in a higher proportion among OUD (28.7%) in comparison to OUD (11.5%).

Conclusion:
The association of adult ADHD with OUD has been around three times than the AUD group. Hence young people (18–29 years) diagnosed with OUD need to be screened for adult ADHD and should be treated for the same for better abstinence and to prevent complications.
Assessment of lethality and its clinical correlates in suicide attempters with mood disorders
Authors: Chawla Nishtha , Deep Raman , Gupta Snehil , Vishwakarma Anuranjan , Sen Mahadev S. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Relatively limited literature is available on lethality assessment for suicide attempts in affective disorders from the Indian subcontinent.

Aims:
To assess the lethality and its clinical correlates in lifetime suicide attempters with mood disorders.

Methods:
A total of 100 lifetime suicide attempters, aged ≥18 years, with a DSM-5 diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder—recurrent (MDD-R) were recruited. Current euthymia was ascertained (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) ≤7; Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ≤4). Assessments were conducted using clinical pro forma, Risk–Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS).

Results:
Average age of the sample was 36.32 ± 11.76 years (48% males, 52% females). The mean duration of affective illness was 10.59 ± 8.32 years. Risk–rescue scores for lethality were significantly higher in males (vs females), bipolar disorder (vs unipolar), multiple attempters (vs single) and planned (vs unplanned) attempters. Risk–rescue score also showed a significant positive correlation with lifetime total and depressive episodes, and intensity of ideations, and a significant negative correlation with BIS—attention impulsiveness. Regression analysis [F (3,96) = 12.196, P < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.253] found that lifetime lithium prescription, intensity of suicidal ideations and attention impulsiveness explained 25.3% variance in lethality.

Conclusion:
Absence of lifetime lithium, higher intensity of suicidal ideations and lower attentional impulsiveness predicted higher lethality of suicide attempts. Lethality of suicide attempts was found to be associated with a multitude of clinical factors, notably male gender, bipolarity, multiple attempts, planned attempts and number of total and depressive episodes. Assessment of lethality and its correlates can help to plan strategies towards risk prevention in mood disorders.
Prevalence and effect of cyberchondria on academic performance among undergraduate dental students
Authors: Patanapu Siva Kumar , Sreeja Chilukuri Sai , Veeraboina Nagarani , Reddy Kandadi Vasavi , Voruganti Sreenivas , Anusha Patlola 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cyberchondria has been used to describe an increase in anxiety about one's health status as a result of excessive online searches. These online health research studies were associated with a small but reliable increase in depression and anxiety which may decrease concentration of a student on academics.

Methods:
The questionnaire was distributed among 302 undergraduate dental students (second year, third year, fourth year, and interns) of Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital. The survey tool comprised Cyberchondria Severity Scale–Short form (CSS-15) questionnaire and percentage of marks obtained in the previous University examination. Statistically significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
A significant difference was observed for subscale Compulsion (p = 0.05*), Distress (p = 0.001*) with a higher mean score among 24-26 years old dental students. Females had significant higher mean score subscales Distress (4.63 ± 2.93; P = 0.02*) and Reassurance (5.99 ± 2.90; P = 0.001*) than males. Regarding overall CSS, significant higher mean scores were observed among the students who scored less than 65% (7.90 ± 2.01) in their last year university academic examination (0.000*).

Conclusion:
Scheduling educational programs and strengthening easily accessible health services for the students has a particular importance in solving the health problems of young people.
Dapsone-induced Methemoglobinemia Case Report
Authors: Islami Maha Majdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder associated with an elevated methemoglobin level that occurs when hemoglobin is in the oxidized ferric ion form rather than reduced ferrous form. In patients with methemoglobinemia, the hemoglobin with oxidized ferric form cannot release oxygen to the tissues which leads to hypoxemia. Methemoglobinemia can be acquired or inherited. The acquired methemoglobinemia happens in patients after they take certain oxidizing drugs. This disorder is mostly treated with 2 mg/kg methylene. This disorder is mostly treated with 2 mg/kg methylene blue. However, administrating ascorbic acid as an antioxidant may also helpful, especially if a patient has taken two doses of methylene blue or if the use of methylene blue is contraindicated. Methemoglobinemia may not cure or may rebound after response to treatment, especially with long half-life drugs such as dapsone. As it states in the leaflet for methylene blue, if methemoglobinemia does not resolve after two doses, one should initiate another alternative. Ascorbic acid is a good alternative because it is an antioxidant to keep tissue from harm of free radicals and also has a role in reducing methemoglobin via co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reeducates needed for glutathione metabolism. We discuss a case of methemoglobinemia treated successfully with oral ascorbic acid after using two doses of methylene blue. Oral ascorbic acid could be beneficial, especially when the patient was taken two doses of methylene blue.
Knowledge and Compliance of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Indian Health-Care Workers
Authors: Haldar Rudrashish , Mishra Prabhaker , Gurjar Mohan , Sanjeev Om Prakash , Upadhyaya Vijai Datta , Bhatnagar Ankur , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Agarwal Vikas 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
In the initial days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommended the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as chemoprophylaxis for health-care workers (HCWs) involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The present survey aimed to assess the knowledge and compliance of HCQ prophylaxis as per the ICMR recommendations among Indian HCWs during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods:
A validated 19-item questionnaire-based survey was distributed to HCWs in our apex tertiary care institute who had completed their duties in the COVID-19 wards to assess the knowledge, attitude, and compliance of all sections of HCWs regarding the ICMR-recommended HCQ prophylaxis. Participation in the survey was voluntary, and anonymity was maintained. Data obtained from the responses were collated and analyzed.

Findings:
Two hundred and fourteen out of 250 HCWs completed the survey (85.6% response rate). Among 214 participants, 87.9% were below the age of 40 years. 83.2% were aware of the use of HCQ for possible prevention of COVID-19 infection, while only 24.6% took HCQ for 7 weeks as was recommended during that period. The main reasons given by 37.3% of the HCWs for not taking HCQ were their knowledge and research on HCQ, where side effects were prominent. Side effects were reported by 35% of the respondents, of which the most notable was nausea/vomiting (14%) followed by gastritis (12%).

Conclusion:
The poor compliance with HCQ prophylaxis by HCWs was influenced by their knowledge and research, lack of strong scientific evidence, and drug-associated adverse effects.
Patients’ Knowledge and Practice on Disposal of Medicines Kept in Households in South Africa
Authors: Mahlaba Kesentseng Jackson , Helberg Elvera Anna , Godman Brian , Kurdi Amanj , Meyer Johanna Catharina 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The disposal of unwanted, unused, or expired medicines is a concern. Currently, there is little knowledge regarding their disposal among patients in South Africa. Consequently, there is a need to address this.

Methods:
This was a descriptive and quantitative study with patients conducted among 16 primary health-care clinics (PHCs) in South Africa. A structured questionnaire was administered to 171 conveniently selected patients. Data on ideal disposal methods were collected and compared to actual disposal practices.

Findings:
74.9% of patients reported having unused medicines at home, of whom 34.4% wanted these medicines disposed of. However, 64.9% did not know how to dispose of them, with 95.3% reporting having never been informed by health-care professionals of disposal methods. While patients prefer to return medicines to their PHC, only 7.0% did so. Patients’ ideal disposal practices included designated collection task teams (25.1%) and dissolving their unused medicines in water (38.6%). However, current practices indicated that patients flushed medicines down the sewer (31.6%) or disposed of them in municipal bins (23.9%).

Conclusion:
Patients disposed of their unwanted medicines using incorrect disposal techniques, which they thought were correct. This urgently needs to be addressed.
Assessment of surgical outcomes of tongue in groove technique vs cartilage resection technique in management of caudal septal dislocation
Authors: Selem Sara Kamal Bedeer , Hagras Mahmoud Abdul Ghani , Gamea Ahmed Moawad , Tomoum Mohamed Osama 
Published: August 2022

Background
Caudal septal deviation is a major cause of nasal obstruction. This problem affects normal nasal breathing by narrowing the external valve area and the nasal valve angle, in addition to aesthetic deformity of the nose. Treatment of midseptal and posterior deviations is rather straightforward, but treatment of the caudal septal deviation can be a more challenging problem.

Aim
To assess the aesthetic and functional satisfaction for patients with tongue in groove technique vs cartilage resection technique in managing caudal septal dislocation.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, cohort controlled study of 25 patients divided into two groups: group A consisted of 13 patients who underwent tongue in groove technique and group B consisted of 12 patients who underwent cartilage resection technique.

Results
In managing caudal end septal dislocations, both tongue in groove and cartilage resection techniques have valuable aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Conclusion
The tongue in groove technique has a better outcome as there is no residual postoperative caudal dislocation or sublaxation. Also, it is usually used in combination with other septoplasty maneuvers to achieve the desired functional and cosmetic result. The cartilage resection technique does not add any other incision or scar except for the same ones used for septoplasty.