bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Profile of Kolagur Tribal Women in Yercaud, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Priyadarshini R. Durga , Beatrice D. Annette 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Malnutrition is a long-standing global health issue to which the tribal population are highly vulnerable. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the nutritional status of tribal women in Kolagur, Yercaud, using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessment parameters.

Subjects and Methods:
An exploratory study was carried out among women (n = 100) between 18 and 60 years of age from Kolagur, a tribal village in Yercaud taluk, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Information on sociodemographic profile of participants was collected using a structured interview schedule. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary parameters were assessed using appropriate standard techniques/tools. Nutrient intake was computed using Diet Cal software and the statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics software version 25.

Results:
Majority of the participants were malnourished of which 25% were underweight, 20% were obese, and 17% were overweight. The mean waist-to-hip ratio (mean ± standard deviation: 0.87 ± 0.13) was marginally higher than the normal cutoff value for women. The prevalence of anemia was much lower where only 21% had mild anemia, 5% had moderate anemia, and 1% had severe anemia. About 21% were prediabetic and 9% were diabetic. Majority (51%) of the participants had altered blood pressure levels with 20% in hypertension Stage 2, 19% in prehypertensive stage, and 12% in hypertension Stage 1. The mean intake of nutrients such as energy, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and folate was significantly higher than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA), whereas the mean intake of fat, retinol, riboflavin, pyridoxine, calcium, and iron was significantly lesser than the RDA.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for well-planned nutrition-oriented health policies at the community level to eradicate the double burden of malnutrition.
Low-Dose Induction Immunosuppression in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation During Coronavirus Disease Pandemic - A Multicentric Prospective Observational Study
Authors: George Jacob , Gracious Noble , Gopal Anjana , Balan Satish , Murlidharan Praveen , Gopalakrishnan Sreedas , Potty Vasudevsan , Kurup Satheesh 
Published: December 2021

Context:
There are concerns regarding the use of induction immunosuppression during deceased donor renal transplantation in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and whether lower doses may suffice.

Aims:
We aimed to compare different induction immunosuppression regimens in deceased donor renal transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Settings and Design:
A multicenter, prospective observational study of patients undergoing deceased donor renal transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Kerala from April to June 2020 with differing induction immunosuppression and follow-up for at least 6 months.

Subjects and Methods:
Patients were from Government (Group A) and Private hospitals (Group B). Induction immunosuppression included low dose rituximab and/or low dose anti-thymocyte globulin in group A and higher dose induction with anti-thymocyte globulin or basiliximab in Group B. Graft function at 1 and 6 months, infectious complications, and cost of induction immunosuppression were compared.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Mood's median, Chi-square, Fisher Exact, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
Of eleven deceased donor kidney transplantations, six were from Group A and 5 from Group B. Three in Group A and two in Group B had reversible antibody-mediated rejections. Median serum creatinine (interquartile range) in both groups at 1 month was 1.35 (1.1, 3) and 1.5 (1.1, 3.5) mg/dl, respectively, and by 6 months 1.5 (1.05, 2.33) mg/dl and 1.7 (1.15, 2.6) mg/dl, respectively. Two patients in Group A died, one due to Gram-negative septicemia at the 2nd month and the second by the 3rd month following a cardiovascular event. Mean cost of induction immunosuppression in both groups was INR 40,500 ± 22,827 and 107,200 ± 57,595 (P = 0.01). There was no difference in infection episodes in both groups. Rituximab in a dose of 100 mg was used as induction in 4 patients with comparable graft functions and cost-benefit with a mean cost of INR 33,750 ± 26,196 and Rs. 92,000 ± 53,715 in the rituximab and nonrituximab groups, respectively (P = 0.056).

Conclusions:
Low-dose induction immunosuppression in the COVID pandemic was cheaper with comparable graft functions at 1 and 6 months.
Diagnosis of endometriosis by detection of nerve fibers using protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Bano Shafqat , Pradhan Dilleswari , Behera Pradeep Kumar , Kar Asaranti , Mishra Akruti , Kar Tushar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Endometriosis is a benign, chronic, multifactorial, debilitating gynecological disease defined by the presence of ectopic foci of endometrial glands and stroma. Diagnostic laparoscopy and histopathological study of hysterectomy specimens are the definitive tool for diagnosis which carries associated risks. The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) antibody-positive nerve fibers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in endometrial biopsy samples and endometriotic lesions in suspicious cases of endometriosis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case–control study carried out in a tertiary care center. It comprised of cases of endometriosis interna (adenomyosis), endometriosis externa (endometriosis), and age- and parity-matched women without endometriosis taken as control. Clinically/radiologically diagnosed cases of endometriosis and those undergoing laparoscopy for infertility with confirmation after histopathology were included in the study. Endometrial biopsy samples were subjected to IHC using PGP9.5 antibody and examined for The presence of nerve fibers. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, and analysis of nerve fibers stained by PGP9.5 was done by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
A total of 60 cases are included in this study broadly divided into three groups (30 women with adenomyosis, 10 with endometriosis externa, and 20 women without endometriosis). Majority (26/30 = 65%) belonged to the third to fourth decade of life with pain being the most specific symptom. Small nerve fibers were noted in endometrial foci of the endometriosis cases but not in women without endometriosis (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The presence of nerve fibers can be taken as a novel marker of clinical endometriosis, and thus, it could replace hysterectomy as a definitive modality for diagnosing endometriosis.
Internet gaming disorder among medical students
Authors: Bhaskar Ram , Babu Bichu P. , Sebastian Shaliet Rose 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The development of information technology has popularized Internet gaming as a leisure time activity. India is currently ranked fifth among the list of top countries by game downloads globally. This makes a subset of the population of India, especially the young and adolescents, extremely vulnerable to the harms associated with excessive digital gaming. Although, most of the time, playing video games is harmless and even may be associated with cognitive, social, or physical benefits, excessive use of playing games can lead to various health problems in some individuals.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of problematic gaming among medical students in Central Kerala by Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT)-10 questionnaire using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) scale.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate MBBS students across Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts. Data were collected using a ten-item IGDT-10-English version and analyzed by DSM-5 scale. Data on demographic details and information about gaming were expressed as proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
The prevalence of problematic gaming among medical students in Central Kerala is 6.98%. Playing video games (χ2 = 190.10, P = 0.001) and playing games for >3 h (χ2 = 207.05, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with the physical complaints of headaches, neck pain, and wrist pain among gamers (odds ratio = 40.6, 95% CI [18.776–87.936]).

Conclusion:
Problematic gaming among medical students is on the rise, and therefore, there is a need for a check and timely remedial action.
The Use of Social Media among Saudi Ophthalmologists
Authors: Al Abbasi Omar , Al Taisan Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Bader S. , Alburayk Khalid , Alenezi Saad H. , Al Owaifeer Adi Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of and beliefs toward social media (SM) among Saudi ophthalmologists.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A web-based, self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to ophthalmologists within Saudi Arabia.

RESULTS:
Out of 392 recipients, 293 completed the survey (74.7% response rate). The vast majority (90.1%) used at least one platform for personal and professional purposes or either. The three most commonly used applications were Twitter (72.3%), Snapchat (65.9%), and Instagram (51.9%). The opinions of respondents with regard to the different aspects of SM varied widely. Around half (56.7%) believed that it was permissible for ophthalmologists to promote themselves on SM and 70.6% agreed that SM usage by health-care professionals should be regulated. Participants believe that SM had both a positive and a negative impact on their daily life and clinical practice. For example, 94 (32.1%) respondents stated that it improved their ability to educate patients, on the other hand, 80 (27.3%) reported that SM wastes quality time that can be spent on something more productive.

CONCLUSION:
Our results demonstrate an increased utilization of SM among Saudi ophthalmologists. The ethical aspects of SM usage were a matter of controversy among our respondents. This necessitates the establishment of guidelines by regulatory bodies and/or individual health-care organizations.
Prevalence of Color Vision Anomalies among Dental Professionals
Authors: Ngente Zodinliana , Jadav Baliram , Aafaque Syed , Patil Abhijit , Govindarajulu Rajtilak , Muthusamy Prabu , Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE:
Color blindness is one of the potential disabilities affecting the ability of color perception by the eye. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of color blindness among dental professionals.

METHODS:
For the present study, a total of 198 dental professionals were randomly selected as subjects who were asked to fill the required questionnaire followed by which their color vision status was evaluated using the Ishihara test. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The prevalence of color blindness, age specificity, and the ratio of the occurrence of color blindness in relation to gender were assessed using Chi-square test for independence and Chi-square test with Yates's correction for independence when the expected frequency was <5. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The present study reported 3.54% prevalence of color blindness among the study population. A higher number of cases were reported from males (9.26%) than females (1.39%). (P < 0.05) Furthermore, the prevalence of color blindness was found to be more in faculty members (5.88%) than in students with a reported prevalence of 3.31%.

CONCLUSION:
The present study reported high prevalence of color blindness in dental professionals while they were totally unaware of it.
Cognitive Function and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Cheng Chun-Hua , Huang Li-Ling , Kao Wei-Tsung , Su Chwen-Yng , Chou Frank Huang , Hsieh Kuan-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Alcohol has cognitive impacts on patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this study, we intended to study cognitive impairments in patients with AUD and their potential interrelationships.

Methods:
We enrolled 60 patients with AUD or alcohol intoxication in Taiwan. The severity of alcohol use was assessed using a copy for severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire (SADQ). Cognitive function was evaluated using Stroop color and word test, continuous performance test-identical pairs, trail making test, visual alternating and divided attention subscales of computerized everyday attention test, visual elevator subscale of test of everyday attention, Benton judgment of line orientation test, spatial perception subscale of visual object perception test, visual motor organization subscale of Loewenstein occupational therapy, thinking operations subscale of Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment, digit symbol coding subscale of Wechsler adult intelligence scale-third edition, as well as symbol digit modalities test. Moreover, we used a structural equation modeling (SEM) to link age, duration of alcohol use, SADQ, and cognitive impairments.

Results:
Patients with AUD had significantly impairments of “attention” (p < 0.01), “visual motor coordination” (p < 0.001), and “executive function” (p < 0.01). SEM analysis showed that the higher level of attention, visual motor coordination, and executive functional impairments were significantly linked with old age (p < 0.01), long duration of alcohol use (p < 0.01), and higher score of SADQ (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that the three cognitive impairments were positively associated with each other.

Conclusion:
Old age, long duration of alcohol use, and severe alcohol use were the predictors of cognitive impairments and early detection. The early screening of predictive factors and timely interventions should be considered to improve cognitive function in patients with AUD.
Lurasidone Switching in Patients with Schizophrenia Who Showed Suboptimal Effect and/or Intolerability to Current Antipsychotics
Authors: Lin Shih-Ku , Yeh Chin-Bin , Hagi Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
In this study, we intended to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of switching to lurasidone in patients with schizophrenia and to get clinical experiences of real-world practice in those who showed suboptimal therapeutic effect and/or intolerability to lurasidone in Taiwan.

Methods:
We enrolled adult patients (aged 20–75 years) with schizophrenia who had been receiving antipsychotic medications but still continued to show mild-to-moderate symptoms or intolerability, for switching switch to an open-label lurasidone 40–160 mg daily for six weeks. The primary end point of the study was to assess the time to treatment failure, defined as any occurrence of insufficient clinical response, worsen underlying symptoms, or discontinuation due to adverse events. Secondary efficacy measures of the study included decreased scores in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) total and the clinical global impression-severity scale.(CGI-S), as well as increased clinical global impression-improvement scale (CGI-I). Safety measures included occurrences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), abnormal vital signs, Electrocardiogram (ECG), and laboratory parameters.

Results:
We enrolled 54 patients with 51 completing the study. One patient terminated early due to adverse events and two patients had insufficient therapeutic efficacy. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) time to treatment failure was 27.7 ± 13.1 days. Mean ± SD changes from baseline to six weeks on PANSS, CGI-S, and were −16.8 ± 14.4, −0.6 ± 0.59, and −1.1 ± 1.0, respectively. The most common TEAE was hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore, body weight was significantly decreased from baseline to the end of the study by 0.83 ± 1.96 kg (p< 0.01). Mean ± SD blood prolactin level also was significantly decreased from baseline to week 6 (48.7 ± 52.8 ng/dL vs. 23.9 ± 57.8 ng/dL, p< 0.001).

Conclusion:
After switching from another antipsychotic, patients with schizophrenia treated with lurasidone showed a low rate of treatment failure among patients in Taiwan. The safety profile is similar to that in previous published lurasidone studies.
Korelasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT dan Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Enos Enri Yana Putri , Supartini Tri , Hana Sarce Rien , Wijaya Hengki 
Published: December 2021

The problem in this study is the lack of student motivation in following Christian Religious Education subjects. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the effect of the cooperative learning model of the team games tournamnet type on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education in seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Simbuang Tana Toraja. The author uses the method of distributing questionnaires to 20 students in the form of open statements and open interviews to 10 students. The purpose of conducting interviews is to strengthen the results of the questionnaires distributed and direct observations. From the correlation results of data analysis using SPSS, it shows that the team games tournament type cooperative learning model has an effect on students' intrinsic motivation with a significant result, namely 0.671 which is in a strong/high relationship, while the Teams Games Tournament on extrinsic motivation gets a significant result, namely 0.479 which is at moderate/moderate relationship. Students' learning motivation increases both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Thus, it can be concluded that the team games tournament type cooperative learning model has an effect on students' learning motivation. AbstrakPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa dalam mengikuti mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Untuk itu, tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournamnet terhadap motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Simbuang Tana Toraja. Penulis menggunakan metode pembagian angket kepada 20 siswa dalam bentuk pernyataan yang bersifat terbuka dan wawancara terbuka kepada 10 siswa, Tujuan dilakukan wawancara untuk memperkuat hasil dari angket yang dibagikan dan observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung. Dari Hasil korelasi analisa data menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament berpengaruh terhadap motivasi intrinsik siswa dengan hasil signifikan yaitu 0,671 yang berada pada hubungan kuat/tinggi, sedangkan Teams Games Tournament terhadap motivasi ekstrinsik mendapatkan hasil yang signifikan yaitu 0,479 yang berada pada hubungan cukup/sedang. Motivasi belajar siswa meningkat baik motivasi intrinsik maupun motivasi ekstrinsik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa.
Covid-19: Upaya Preventif dan Kuratif ala Ibu Hamil
Authors: Praharsini Astry Ayu 
Published: December 2021

In 2020 all countries in the world are busy with a pandemic caused by the Covid-19 Virus. Indonesia is one of the countries whose citizens have been infected with Covid-19 since March 2020 and its spread is fast. Symptoms of being infected with Covid-19 are cough, fever, shortness of breath, anosmia and muscle aches, but in some cases, a person who is exposed to Covid-19 does not even show symptoms at all. Covid-19 can attack various ages ranging from children to the elderly, gender, including pregnant women. Pregnant women are stated to be very vulnerable to contracting Covid-19 with various other diseases, the fear of fetal growth and development cannot be separated from the mother's worries during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article deals with how pregnant women prevent being infected with Covid-19 and how they treat themselves when infected with Covid-19.
This research was conducted in the city of Makassar. The informants involved in this study consisted of 10 pregnant women who are varied on the basis of age (between 19 and 26 years, gestational age (between 12 and 32 weeks) and occupation (seven housewives, a celebgram, a pharmacist, and a nurse). Data was collected usingthe combination of interview and observation.
In this study, it was found that the positive impacts of Covid-19 pandemic for pregnant women that their togetherness with members of the family becomes more intensive because they spend more time at home, they are more concerned about personal and family hygiene, they are more physically and mentally healthy, and they become more creative in using their free time. While the negative impact of Covid-19 for pregnant women is that they experience anxiety during the Covid-19 period. However, those who have a better understanding of Covid-19 tend to be positive in dealing with it. Although the efforts made by pregnant women in relation to prevention and treatment are similar but not the same, in preventive efforts, pregnant women are more likely to combine physical activity and various intakes related to efforts to maintain immunity. Meanwhile, in curative efforts, pregnant women limit the duration of physical activity and are more routine in carrying out healing efforts. The difference in nutritional intake also lies in vitamin supplements. In preventive efforts the consumption of supplements is not so ignored and focused on the food consumed, while in a curative effort, they tend to balance food intake and supplements to maintain immunity and accelerate recovery. It is argued in this article that despite the fact pregnant women are vulnerable group, they do not have their own specific treatment either to prevent or to treat them in relation to Covid-19.
Increasing photosynthetic productivity of cereal bioenergy crops as affected by the water content in leaves under mycorrhization of the root system
Authors: Sabluk V. T. , Dymytrov S. H. , Tanchyk S. P. , Zapolska N. M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To determine photosynthetic productivity of miscanthus gigantheus and switchgrass as affected by leaf water content under mycorrhization of their roots.
Methods. Field, laboratory, and statistical.
Results. The obtained results indicate that the use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) preparations Mycofriend (fungus Trichoderma harzianum RIFAI.), Mikovital (fungus Tuber melanosporum VITTAD.), and nitrogen-fixing preparation Florobacillin (Bacillus subtilis Cohn.) helps to increase water content in the leaves of such cereal bioenergy crops as miscanthus gigantheus and switchgrass. In particular, in all vegetation periods, in the treatments with Mycofriend, the water content in miscanthus gigantheus leaves was higher by 11.2–20.1% than in the control, while in switchgrass it was higher by 16.9–20.5% than in the control. In the treatments with Mikovital and Florobacillin, leaf water content ranged in miscanthus from 7.1 to 15.6% and from 5.8 to 11.7%, respectively, and in switchgrass, from 11.6 to 14.7% and from 7.0 to 10.2%, respectively. The photosynthetic productivity of these crops is affected by the water content in the leaves. There is a close correlation between these factors (correlation coefficient 0.95–0.96).
Conclusions. Root application of biological plant products Mycofriend, Mikovital and Florobacillin improves water content in the leaves of cereal bioenergy crops, such as miscanthus gigantheus and switchgrass, and increases their photosynthetic productivity.