bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISG-2: Properties of the Second International Simple Glass
Authors: Ryan Joseph , Smith Nicholas , Neeway James , Reiser Joelle , Parruzot Benjamin , Tietje Steve , Bakowska Elzbieta , Crum Jarrod , Schaut Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given the importance of glass materials to society, their durability when exposed to aqueous solutions is a critical area for research. The range of desired durations to sustain the integrity of the material may be unique to this material class as corrosion in the very short term (as low as minutes) is important for biological glasses while geologic timescales (as long as 1,000,000 years) are important for vitrified radioactive wastes. This latter interest spurred an international consortium to develop a standardized glass composition known as the International Simple Glass (ISG), a simplified composition based on a complex formulation used for waste immobilization. A large batch of ISG was made and distributed to numerous international research laboratories to facilitate comparisons and assessments of reproducibility across experiments. This has resulted in ISG being the subject of numerous experimental and computational studies focused on aqueous corrosion resistance which have been instrumental in the evaluation of corrosion mechanisms and models. With the original batch of ISG nearly depleted, the international consortium met again to design and fabricate a new standard glass material for use in corrosion experiments. Designated ISG-2 (The Second International Simple Glass), the most significant change in the new composition was replacement of half of the Ca in the original composition with Mg on a molar basis. A large batch of the ISG-2 composition was fabricated, along with a similar amount of glass with the same nominal composition as the original ISG, designated ISG-1. This paper presents information on the fabrication of both ISG-1 and ISG-2, the homogeneity of the resultant glasses, their physical properties, and thermal properties relevant to glass production. The results of static alteration experiments are presented as well to provide a baseline for future aqueous corrosion performance investigations.
Effective Shielding Multi-layered Boron Containing Aromatic Polymer Materials for High Energy Radiations
Authors: Gohel Ankit , Makwana Rajnikant 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is always of extreme significance to research materials that can shield astronauts from radiation during space missions. In this study, hydrogen-rich aromatic polymer composites are used as radiation shielding materials, which diminish radiation exposures from solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). We used three aromatic materials namely polyetherimide, polysulfone, and polyimide polymers as our shielding materials. Each material will have boron powder added in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 percent by weight. High Charge and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) is used to simulate the dose equivalent by particle kinds, Linear Energy Transfer (LET), and Flux analysis for each shielding material for the 2010 solar minimum GCR. For Dose Equivalent by neutrons and alphas particles, Boron-11 containing Polysulfone is more effective than boron-11 Polyetherimide, and Polyimide whereas for protons, Boron-11 Polyetherimide is performance better than boron-11 Polyimide, and Polysulfone. We found that boron-11 isotopes containing polymers performed improved shielding effectiveness. In pure and boron-containing Multi-layered Polymers, Al+Polysulfone strongly shields neutrons and alpha particles. Using a multi-layered method, we found that Polysulfone shields high LET particles more efficiently than Polyetherimide and Polyimide. At Optimal LET, Pure and Al+Polysulfone shield neutrons and alphas particles. In Flux analysis, a significant variation of neutrons flux was observed at 40 g/cm2 in Multi-layered analysis. In addition, boron added multi-layered Polyetherimide reduced the neutrons flux at 100 g/cm2.
Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Benzothiazole-isoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Liu Wei-Hua , Zhao Dong-Hai , He Zhi-Wen , Hu Yi-Ming , Zhu Yu-Xia , Zhang Ling-Jian , Jin Lian-Hai , Guan Li-ping , Wang Si-Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Currently, no suitable clinical drugs are available for
patients with neurodegenerative diseases complicated by depression.
Based on a fusion technique to create effective multi-target
ligands (MTDLs), we synthesized a series of
(R)-N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)
acetamides. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory potency
against monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) by in
vitro enzyme activity assays, and further tested for their
specific inhibitory potency against MAO-B and BuChE. Among them,
six compounds (4b-4d, 4f,
4g and 4i) displayed excellent
activity. The classical antidepressant forced swim test (FST) was
used to verify the in vitro results, revealing that six
compounds reduced the immobility time, significantly, especially
compound 4g. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the
compounds was assessed by the MTT method and AO staining, with cell
viabilities found to be above 90% at effective compound
concentrations, not toxic to L929 cells. Reversibility, kinetics
and molecular docking studies were also performed using compound
4g, which showed the highest MAO-B and BuChE
inhibitory activities. The results of these studies showed that
compound 4g binds to the primary interaction sites
of both enzymes and has good blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
The study provides new strategies for future research on
neurodegenerative diseases complicated by depression.
A framework for estimating the socio-economic impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19
Authors: Gams Matjaz , Marinko Anže , Reščič Nina , Vodopija Aljoša , Vandepitte Sophie , De Smedt Delphine , Javornik Jana , Strle Franc , Janko Vito , Luštrek Mitja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases seek good trade-offs between reducing the number of infections and their socioeconomic costs. We propose a framework that establishes these costs from data on interventions implemented in real life for each country taking into consideration its culture and economy. The study used data from 235 territories, and presents detailed results on 17 developed countries with high-quality data. We find that these countries selected substantially different cost-benefit trade-offs. They also differed significantly in how much unnecessary cost, which is the cost that could be avoided by better intervention policy without an increase in infections, that they incurred in doing so. We also analyzed the interplay between COVID-19 mortality, total and unnecessary costs, and the contribution of individual interventions to unnecessary costs. We concluded that the proposed framework for computational intervention planning could contribute to a more cost-effective pandemic management.
DMBX1 knockdown inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration via down-regulating c-Myc expression
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xu Junrong , Ma Zihan , Wang Haifeng , Wei Wei , Duan Ying , Wang Yuan , Hao Jie , Fang Hangrong , Gou Siqi , Wang Juanhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1(DMBX1) is associated with the progression of some malignant tumors. Nevertheless, it is not known whether DMBX1 regulates the development of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods:The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was selected to evaluate DMBX1 expression in CRC and normal tissues. The mRNA levels of DMBX1 were analyzed in the four CRC cell lines by RT-qPCR. The biological roles of DMBX1 knockdown were investigated by a series of functional experiments in CRC. Furthermore, western blotting and rescue experiments were conducted to determine the potential molecular mechanisms of DMBX1.
Results:DMBX1 was overexpressed in CRC. Knockdown of DMBX1 suppressed CRC cell proliferation and migration, and increased cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression of c-Myc was distinctly down-regulated after DMBX1 Knockdown. Finally, rescue experiments verified that the upregulation of c-Myc immensely restored the abilities of proliferation and migration in DMBX1-knockdown CRC cells.
Conclusions:DMBX1 could exert its oncogenic role through the regulation of c-Myc in CRC. DMBX1 might serve as a possible therapeutic target for CRC patients.
Maternal immune activation affects socio-communicative behavior in adult rats
Authors: Gzieło Kinga , Piotrowska Diana , Litwa Ewa , Popik Piotr , Nikiforuk Agnieszka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A wide body of evidence suggests a relationship between maternal immune activation (MIA) and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Since social and communicative deficits are included in the first diagnostic criterion of ASD, we aimed to characterize socio-communicative behaviors in the MIA model based on prenatal exposure to poly(I:C). Our previous studies demonstrated impaired socio-communicative functioning in poly(I:C)-exposed adolescent rats. Therefore, the current study sought to clarify whether these changes would persist beyond adolescence. For this purpose, we analyzed behavior during the social interaction test and recorded ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) accompanying interactions between adult poly(I:C) rats.The results demonstrated that the altered pattern of social behavior in poly(I:C) males was accompanied by the changes in acoustic parameters of emitted USVs. Poly(I:C) males also demonstrated an impaired olfactory preference for social stimuli. While poly(I:C) females did not differ from controls in socio-positive behaviors, they displayed aggression during the social encounter. Furthermore, the locomotor pattern of poly(I:C) animals were characterized by stereotypic-like movements. Finally, poly(I:C) reduced parvalbumin and GAD67 expression in the cerebellum.The results showed that prenatal poly(I:C) exposure altered the pattern of socio-communicative behaviors of adult rats in a sex-specific manner.
Structure Sensitivity in Gas Sorption and Conversion on Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Delen Guusje , Monai Matteo , Stančiaková Katarina , Baumgartner Bettina , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many catalytic processes depend on the sorption and conversion of gaseous molecules on the surface of (porous) functional materials. These events often preferentially occur on specific, undercoordinated, external surface sites, a phenomenon known as structure sensitivity. However, so far, the study of such site-specific gas sorption/conversion behavior of porous functional materials has been limited due to a lack of nanoscale in situ characterization techniques. Here we show the combination of in situ Photo-induced Force Microscopy (PiFM) with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study the sorption and conversion of formaldehyde on the external surfaces of well-defined faceted ZIF-8 microcrystals with nanoscale resolution. We observed preferential adsorption of formaldehyde on high index planes, in accordance with surface energy stabilization criteria. Moreover, in situ PiFM allowed us to visualize unsaturated nanodomains within extended external crystal planes, showing enhanced sorption behavior on the nanoscale. After incorporation of defective linkers, structure sensitive conversion of formaldehyde through a methoxy- and a formate mechanism mediated by Lewis acidity was found. Strikingly, sorption and conversion were influenced more by the external surface termination than by the concentration of defects. DFT calculations showed that this is due to the presence of specific atomic arrangements on high-index crystal surfaces, reminiscent of enzymatic binding sites. With this research, we showcase the high potential of in situ PiFM for structure sensitivity studies on porous functional materials.
Galilean Transformation, Lorentz Transformation, and General Transformation
Authors: Tan Yuan-De 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the Galilean transformation system, a body contacts and moves on the moving frame and is completely carried by the moving frame and hence the body and the moving frame have the same time rule but velocity of the body moving in the stationary frame is larger than in the moving frame. In the Lorentz transformation system, however, a body is free in all frames and hence not carried by the moving frame and the body moving in the moving and stationary frames has the same velocity but different time rules. We mathematically proved that the classical Lorentz transformation works for movement of a body with light speed in all frames. Invariance of light speed in all frames is an instance of Lorentz velocity invariance. Galilean linear velocity addition can be derived from “complete carry” mechanism. We proved that Lorentz transformation cannot be reduced to Galilean transformation in any situation. A general transformation was given from “partial carry” mechanism. The general transformation can be reduced to Lorentz transformation when refraction coefficient n = 1 or reduced to Galilean transformation when n is large enough so that 1/n2 ≈ 0. Non-linear velocity addition can be obtained from the general transformation, and can be used to well explain Fizeau experiment.
Alternative splicing of the SUMO transcripts contributes to the regulation of the cellular SUMOylation system and produces messages coding for protein isoforms functionally distinct from the prototypical SUMO proteins
Authors: Acuña Myriah L. , García-Morin Andrea , Orozco-Sepúlveda Rebeca , Ontiveros Carlos , Flores Alejandra , Diaz Arely V. , Gutiérrez-Zubiate Isabel , Patil Abhijeet R. , Alvarado Luis A. , Roy Sourav , Russell William K. , Rosas-Acosta Germán 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Substantial increases in the conjugation of the main human SUMO paralogs, SUMO1, SUMO2, and SUMO3, are observed upon exposure to different cellular stressors, and such increases are considered important to facilitate cell survival to stress. Despite their critical cellular role, little is known about how the levels of the SUMO modifiers are regulated in the cell, particularly as it relates to the changes observed upon stress. Here we characterize the contribution of alternative splicing towards regulating the expression of the main human SUMO paralogs under normalcy and three different stress conditions, heat-shock, cold-shock, and Influenza A Virus infection. Our data reveal that the normally spliced transcript variants are the predominant mature mRNAs produced from the SUMO genes and that the transcript coding for SUMO2 is by far the most abundant of all. We also provide evidence that alternatively spliced transcripts coding for protein isoforms of the prototypical SUMO proteins, which we refer to as the SUMO alphas, are also produced, and that their abundance and nuclear export are affected by stress in a stress- and cell-specific manner. Additionally, we provide evidence that the SUMO alphas are actively synthesized in the cell as their coding mRNAs are found associated with translating ribosomes. Finally, we provide evidence that the SUMO alphas are functionally different from their prototypical counterparts, with SUMO1α and SUMO2α being non-conjugatable to protein targets, SUMO3α being conjugatable but targeting a seemingly different subset of proteins from those targeted by SUMO3, and all three SUMO alphas displaying different cellular distributions from those of the prototypical SUMOs. Thus, alternative splicing appears to be an important contributor to the regulation of the expression of the SUMO proteins and the cellular functions of the SUMOylation system.
Investigation of Ocular Biometry in 4– to 9-Year-Old Chinese Children
Authors: Zhao Ming-Hui , Song Yi , Liu Jia-li , Li Juan , Wang Ying , Hua Yan-jun , WU Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the distribution and changes in ocular biometry in 4-to to 9-year-old Chinese children and to compare the differences between age and sex in these parameters.
Methods
This was a school-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,528 Chinese children, aged 4–9 years, from one primary school and 12 kindergartens, were included in the study. Axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and corneal diameter were measured for each child.
Results
The mean ALs of males and females were 22.94 ± 0.80 mm and 22.38 ± 0.79 mm, respectively. The mean corneal curvatures of males and females were 43.05 ± 1.37 D and 43.75 ± 1.48 D, respectively. The mean anterior chamber depth of males and females were 3.47 ± 0.24 mm and 3.38 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. The mean corneal diameter of males and females were 12.08 ± 0.43 mm and 11.94 ± 0.44 mm, respectively. AL and anterior chamber depth gradually increased with age in both sexes. No significant changes in corneal curvature or corneal diameter were detected at different ages in either sex group. Females had consistently shorter ALs, shorter anterior chamber depth, smaller corneal diameter, and steeper corneal curvatures than males at any age.
Conclusions
Boys had larger dimensions than girls for all ocular parameters except corneal curvature (flatter). Boys and girls showed similar trends for all parameters. Axial length and anterior chamber depth increased from 4 to 9 years of age, whereas corneal diameter and curvature did not change with age in either sex.
Metabolite profiling, In-vitro and insilico assessment of antibacterial and anticancer activities of Alternaria alternata endophytic in Jatropha heynei
Authors: B. Ashoka G. , Shivanna M. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Endophytic fungi are the plant symbiont with highly diverse nature and poorly defined ecological importance in host fitness. Although there are the reports on the isolation and characterization of fungal endophytes from a variety of hosts, there is still no report of Alternaria alternata from Jatropha heynei. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including antibacterial and anticancer compounds. In this study, an endophytic A. alternata was isolated from J. heynei. The ethylacetate extract of A. alternata was characterized by QTOF-HRLCMS analysis resulted in detection of bioactive compounds include kigelinone, levofuraltadone with antibacterial property and 2-hydroxychrysophanol, isoathyriol, glycophymoline, columbianetin and kaempferol 3-O-β-D- galactoside with cytotoxic properties. The metabolites of A. alternata showed significant antibacterial activity against tested clinical bacterial strains by well diffusion method. The high zone of inhibition recorded against Gram positive Enterococcus faecalis (14 ± 00 mm), and Gram-negative Pseudomonas syringae (19.66 ± 0.57 mm) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.66 ± 0.57 mm). The in-vitro anticancer activity of fungal extract by MTT assay displayed significant cytotoxic effect towards Human lung carcinoma cancer cells (A549) with IC50 value of 393.52 µgml− 1 and no cytotoxic effect to Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was observed. Further, antibacterial and anticancer spectral compounds of A. alternata were subjected molecular docking analysis with antibacterial target proteins such as tellurite resistance protein (2JXU), Indole-3-acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (5IUU), Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (5Y63) and with anticancer target human apoptotic regulator protein (1G5M). Results of the docking study demonstrated that spectral compounds Kigelinone, Levofuraltadone, 2-Hydroxychrysophanol and Isoathyriol have significant binding modes, with the best binding energy score with their respective antibacterial and anticancer target proteins. The endophytic fungi A. alternata in J. heynei can be a promising fungus that has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and anticancer property may provide future insight towards the production of bioactive ompounds.
The SPL transcription factor genes are potential epialleles for crop improvement in chickpea (C. arietinum L.)
Authors: Yadav Sheel , Yadava Yashwant K. , Meena Shashi , Singh Lalbahadur , Kansal Rekha , Grover Monender , MS Nimmy , Bharadwaj C. , Paul Vijay , Gaikwad Kishor , Jain P. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background : Crop improvement for tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors necessitates understanding the key gene regulatory mechanisms. One such mechanism of gene regulation involves changes in cytosine methylation at the gene body and flanking regulatory sequences. The present study was undertaken to identify genes which might be potential targets of drought-induced DNA methylation in chickpea.
Methods and Results : Two chickpea genotypes, which contrast for drought tolerance, were subjected to drought stress conditions and their differential response was studied by analysing different morpho-physiological traits. Utilizing the in-house, high throughput sequencing data, the SPL TF genes were identified to be differentially methylated and expressed amongst the two genotypes, in response to drought stress. The methylation status of one of these genes was examined and validated through BS-PCR. The identified genes could be possible homologs to known epialleles and can therefore serve as potential epialleles which can be utilized for crop improvement in chickpea.
Conclusions : The SPL TF genes are potential targets of epigenetic regulation in response to drought stress in chickpea. Since these are TFs, they might play important roles in controlling the expression of other genes, thus contributing to differential drought response of the two genotypes.
New dating approach based on the petrographical, mineralogical and chemical characterization of ancient lime mortar, Case study of the archeological site of Hippo, Annaba city, Algeria
Authors: Abderrahim Gheris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work presents the results of a multidisciplinary study on the characterization of the composition of certain joint mortars from the ancient city of Hippo (Algeria), one of the most important North African cities in antiquity. Twenty mortar samples were analysed by micro-chemical analysis, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their main physical properties, like solid and dry density, porosity. have been measured by geotechnical procedures. The typological observation by OM showed the existence of four types of sand used as aggregates that ranged from fine to coarse and were mixed with a white to russet natural lime binder. This mortars consisted mainly of mixtures of calcite and rock fragments and sometimes pieces of red tile. It was recognized that the origins of the natural granules were sands produced by marine erosion of the Edough Mountains. The analysis by XRF, XRPD and TGA indicates that the mortars consisted of a mixture of lime/aggregates of low to medium hydraulicity. The analysis of the main chemical components by XRF allowed for the confirmation of the dating of certain monuments and suggested a new dating for other monuments.