bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary infections worsen the outcome of COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A report from the ITA‐HEMA‐COV
Authors: Zappasodi Patrizia , Cattaneo Chiara , Valeria Ferretti Virginia , Mina Roberto , José María Ferreri Andrés , Merli Francesco , Oberti Margherita , Krampera Mauro , Romano Alessandra , Zerbi Caterina , Ferrari Jacqueline , Cavo Michele , Salvini Marco , Bertù Lorenza , Stefano Fracchiolla Nicola , Marchesi Francesco , Massaia Massimo , Marasco Vincenzo , Cairoli Roberto , Maria Scattolin Anna , Maria Vannucchi Alessandro , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Musto Pellegrino , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Cuneo Antonio , Pinto Antonello , Trentin Livio , Bocchia Monica , Galimberti Sara , Coviello Elisa , Chiara Tisi Maria , Morotti Alessandro , Falini Brunangelo , Turrini Mauro , Tafuri Agostino , Billio Atto , Gentile Massimo , Massimo Lemoli Roberto , Venditti Adriano , Giovanni Della Porta Matteo , Lanza Francesco , Rigacci Luigi , Tosi Patrizia , Mohamed Sara , Corso Alessandro , Luppi Mario , Giuliani Nicola , Busca Alessandro , Pagano Livio , Bruno Raffaele , Antonio Grossi Paolo , Corradini Paolo , Passamonti Francesco , Arcaini Luca ,   ITA‐HEMA‐COV Investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe impact of secondary infections (SI) on COVID‐19 outcome in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) is scarcely documented. To evaluate incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of SI, we analyzed the microbiologically documented SI in a large multicenter cohort of adult HM patients with COVID‐19. Among 1741 HM patients with COVID‐19, 134 (7.7%) had 185 SI, with a 1‐month cumulative incidence of 5%. Median time between COVID‐19 diagnosis and SI was 16 days (IQR: 5–36). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoma/plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) were more frequent diagnoses in SI patients compared to patients without SI (AML: 14.9% vs. 7.1%; lymphoma/PCN 71.7% vs. 65.3%). Patients with SI were older (median age 70 vs. 66 years, p = 0.002), with more comorbidities (median Charlson Comorbidity Index 5 vs. 4, p < 0.001), higher frequency of critical COVID‐19 (19.5% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.046), and more frequently not in complete remission (75% vs. 64.7% p = 0.024). Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were the main sites of isolation for SI. Etiology of infections was bacterial in 80% (n = 148) of cases, mycotic in 9.7% (n = 18) and viral in 10.3% (n = 19); polymicrobial infections were observed in 24 patients (18%). Escherichia coli represented most of Gram‐negative isolates (18.9%), while coagulase‐negative Staphylococci were the most frequent among Gram‐positive (14.2%). The 30‐day mortality of patients with SI was higher when compared to patients without SI (69% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). The occurrence of SI worsened COVID‐19 outcome in HM patients. Timely diagnosis and adequate management should be considered to improve their prognosis.
A comparison of face‐to‐face and fully online problem‐based learning: Student results and staff experiences, 2014–2020
Authors: Leavy Justine E. , Della Bona Malena , Nelson Brody , Leaversuch Francene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssue addressedProblem‐based learning (PBL) is a student‐directed pedagogy that promotes critical thinking, self‐directed learning and communication skills essential for health promotion students and practitioners. This paper reports on student results, student evaluation and staff experience of PBL in the face‐to‐face and fully online environment in an undergraduate health sciences unit in an Australian university.MethodsA single time‐point study using quantitative and qualitative administrative student data (2014–2020) and narrative reflection from teaching academics (n = 5) was undertaken. Descriptive, independent t test and bivariate analyses for student results data were conducted; an inductive approach was used to analyse qualitative data and create codes.ResultsStudent sample (n = 472) consisted face‐to‐face (n = 358, 75.8%) and online (n = 114, 24.2%) enrolments. Final Unit Mark was significantly higher for fully online students compared with face‐to‐face students in 2018 (P = .007) and 2019 (P = .001). Final Unit Achievement was significantly higher for fully online students compared with face‐to‐face students in 2018 (P = .017) and 2019 (P = .043). Three themes emerged: The PBL approach; Evolution of PBLs; Student skills and competencies.DiscussionPBL allows students to learn through facilitated problem solving and strong collaborative skills. The face‐to‐face and fully online PBLs improved the student and academic staff experience, while supporting the development of critical thinking and self‐directed research. Further, it supported students to develop their core health promotion competencies; and enhanced the online student learning experience.So what?Vital for contemporary, global graduates, the fully online PBL approach allows students to build critical academic and professional skills utilising current information technology relevant for collaborative professional practice.
Licensure and citations among nail salons in Michigan from 2017 to 2021: A cross‐sectional study of an overlooked and vulnerable industry
Authors: Le Aurora B. , Rosemberg Marie‐Anne S. , Sturgis Anna C. , Siracuse Brianna M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNail salon workers (NSW) in the United States (U.S.) are predominantly immigrant women who face a number of occupational hazards, such as biological, ergonomic, and chronic chemical exposures. Additionally, there are challenges to keeping up with the latest practices in this evolving small business industry. Licensure requirements are intended to keep not only consumers but also workers safe, however licensure requirements vary between states creating little skill, education, and occupational health and safety knowledge and practice consistency among the nail salon workforce. The current state of nail salons and licensure of workers in the State of Michigan—an overlooked state and region (Midwest) in NSW research—was determined to better characterize this workforce.MethodsA Freedom of Information Act request was submitted to the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs regarding nail salon establishments and their workers, formally termed manicurists, and citation data for breaches. Data were provided on the number of licensed cosmetologists and cosmetology businesses from January 2017 to March 2021. From there, the total number of licensed manicurists was determined, and the cosmetology establishment list was analyzed to see if the businesses exclusively or predominantly provided nail services.ResultsAs of Mach 2021, there were 1372 nail salons that exclusively provided nail services and over 12,000 licensed manicurists. Over half of the disciplinary actions cited were for salons not officially licensed. Michigan has reduced licensure requirements compared to other states and no continuing education (CE) requirements for license renewals.ConclusionThere is a need for industry educational and training standardization, across the nation, as well as heightened licensure requirements for these vulnerable workers. CE not only keeps workers abreast of the latest practices in the industry, but also provides them the skills and knowledge to enhance their worker health, safety, and wellbeing.
Patient activation for self‐management among adult patients with multimorbidity in primary healthcare settings
Authors: Paukkonen Leila , Oikarinen Anne , Kähkönen Outi , Kaakinen Pirjo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMultimorbidity is a major public health and healthcare challenge around the world, including in Finland. As multimorbidity necessitates self‐management in everyday life, the effects of patient activation – a patient's knowledge, skills, and confidence in managing own health – on the capacity for self‐management warrant study, especially in primary healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess patient activation among multimorbid primary healthcare patients, identify factors associated with patient activation, and determine whether patients with low and high activation differ in terms of health and self‐management behavior, related perceptions, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among multimorbid patients who attended Finnish primary healthcare consultations (November 2019 to May 2020). The main outcome, patient activation, was assessed using the patient activation measure, PAM‐13®. Responses from 122 patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, analysis of variance, linear modeling, the χ2 test, and binary regression analysis.ResultsThe mean score of patient activation was 56.12 (SD 12.82) on a scale 0–100 where ≤55.1 indicate low activation. The lower activation scores were significantly associated with old age, obesity, loneliness, and lower perceived health, functional ability, and vitality. Patients with low activation (47%) had significantly poorer physical activity, diets, adherence to care, and HRQoL, and significantly worse perceptions related to self‐management including motivation and energy, sense of normality, and support from physicians, nurses, and close people.ConclusionPatient activation among multimorbid outpatients was rather low. Findings indicate that patients' perceptions of their health and psychosocial factors may be important for activation and that patients with low and high activation differ with respect to several health variables. Determining patient activation in multimorbid patients may facilitate adaptation of care to better meet patient capabilities and needs in clinical settings. Knowledge of a patient's activation level may also be useful when developing interventions and care strategies for this patient group.
Immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in superficial and deep maxillofacial tissues: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Allawi Noor , Abdullah Bashar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.MethodsThe immunohistochemical expression of ACE2 was analyzed in 95 specimens from maxillofacial tissues and 10 specimens of pulmonary alveolar tissue using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical scoring procedure, taking into account all superficial and deep maxillofacial tissue cells. We also explored the associations of age, gender, and anatomical site with expression scores.ResultsACE2 was detected in keratinized epithelia (57.34%), non‐keratinized epithelia (46.51%), nasal respiratory epithelial cells (73.35%), pulmonary alveolar cells (82.54%), fibroblasts (63.69%), vascular endothelial cells (58.43%), mucous acinar cells (59.88%), serous acinar cells (79.49%), salivary duct cells (86.26%) skeletal muscle fibers (71.01%), neuron support cells (94.25%), and bone marrow cells (72.65%). Age and gender did not affect the expression levels significantly in epithelial cells (p = 0.76, and p = 0.7 respectively); however, identical cells expressed different protein levels depending on the site from which the specimens were obtained. For example, dorsal tongue epithelia expressed significantly lower ACE2 scores than alveolar epithelia (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between ACE2 expression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells (r = 0.378, p = 0.001), and between vascular endothelial and epithelial cells (r = 0.395, p = 0.001).ConclusionACE2 is expressed by epithelial cells and subepithelial tissues including fibroblasts, vascular endothelia, skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, and bone marrow. No correlation was detected between ACE2 expression and patient age or sex while the epithelial expression scores were correlated with stromal scores.
The impact of health status on attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Mustafa Ashraf , Safi Mohammed , Opoku Maxwell P. , Mohamed Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 outbreak has had an overwhelming effect on societies' access to essential services. Human‐to‐human transmission facilitates the spread of the disease, as do other conditions, such as temperature. Individuals with underlying health conditions are at increased risk of acquiring and suffering the devastating effects of COVID‐19. Consequently, vaccine manufacturing was envisaged as a milestone toward “normalizing” the world. While scholarly attention has focused on attitudes toward vaccination, the relationship between health status and attitudes toward vaccination is understudied. This study attempted to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the impact of health status on attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine.MethodsWe developed a 26‐item questionnaire titled “Attitudes toward COVID‐19 Vaccination Scale” for data collection. A total of 1047 school or university staff members from 22 countries completed the questionnaire. The data were initially validated using exploratory factor analysis to determine its structure and subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 28. Two‐way factorial analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed to understand the influence of health status on attitudes toward vaccination.ResultsThe results showed a direct effect of health status on attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination, (Step 1; β = 0.11, p = 0.001; Step 2: β = 0.10, p = 0.001). In Step 2 also, vaccination status (β = 0.22, p = 0.001) and place of residence (β = −0.08, p = 0.04) also influenced attitudes towards vaccination. Health status also moderated the relation between attitude and education level (F[3, 1038] = 3.04) of participants.ConclusionResults show possible fear and hesitancy toward COVID‐19 vaccination among those with underlying health conditions. Therefore, expeditious sensitization programs may be needed to promote the importance of vaccination for developing resistance against COVID‐19 and vaccine acceptance. However, such initiatives should target vulnerable groups in society. Policymakers could focus on improving sensitization toward COVID‐19 vaccination among those living with underlying health conditions.
Peritoneal invasion of prostate cancer directly confirmed during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ohyama Takehiro , Shimbo Masaki , Komatsu Kenji , Endo Fumiyasu , Kanomata Naoki , Hattori Kazunori 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionSeveral studies have been published on direct rectal invasion in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer, but few have directly confirmed intraoperative invasion of prostate cancer into the peritoneum.Case presentationWe report the case of a 73‐year‐old man with prostate cancer who exhibited peritoneal invasion during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. His prostate‐specific antigen level fell to 0.38 ng/mL after surgery; he was therefore prescribed radiation and androgen‐deprivation therapies that controlled the cancer for more than 1 year.ConclusionsWe encountered a case showing direct peritoneal invasion of prostate cancer during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. If invasion of the seminal vesicle is suspected, the vesicorectal fossa should be examined during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Preoperative confirmation by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of the peritoneum is also useful.
Evaluation of pharmacy residency recruitment and interview processes during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020‐2021 application cycle)
Authors: Wingler Mary Joyce B. , Cretella David A. , Wagner Jamie L. , Barber Katie E. , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Freeman Lauren , Covington Elizabeth W. , Bland Christopher M. , Jones Bruce M. , Tran Maicuc , Stramel Stefanie A. , Turner Michelle , Childress Darrell , Stover Kayla R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, most pharmacy residency programs changed to an all‐virtual format for recruitment and interviews for the 2020 to 2021 application cycle. There are no data evaluating the experiences and perceptions of these changes from the perspective of pharmacy residency programs and applicants.MethodsAn electronic cross‐sectional survey was distributed via email to postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy residency programs and applicants across the Southeastern United States. Results have been reported according to the Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) guidelines (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research [EQUATOR] Network).ResultsExactly, 142 residency applicants and 104 residency programs responded to the survey. Most respondents participated in virtual recruitment and interviews. In 2020 to 2021, less residency programs participated in local/regional showcases and personal placement services, but social media engagement increased. Of the applicants who responded, over half felt the need to apply to more programs during this application cycle, and a corresponding increase in applications were seen by residency programs. Residency interviews appeared shorter than previous years, and less programs offered an informal time to get to know the applicants. Overall, applicants and residency programs preferred on‐site interviews, but both parties reported feeling confident creating rank lists after virtual interviews.ConclusionThese results highlight the impact of COVID‐19 on residency recruitment and the interview process. Residency programs should implement feedback for improving the virtual experience, as able. The ongoing pandemic may affect the 2022 to 2023 application cycle, and pharmacy leadership organizations should consider developing guidance for applicants and residency programs on navigating another year of virtual events.
Disruption of vitamin A homeostasis by the biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulphate in pregnant rabbits
Authors: Estrada‐Ortiz Natalia , Starokozhko Viktoriia , van Steenwijk Hidde , van der Heide Cor , Permentier Hjalmar , van Heemskerk Lisanne , Prins Grietje Harmanna , Heegsma Janette , Faber Klaas Nico , Bressers Steffi , Steiblen Guy , de Groot Antoinette , Groome Steve , van Miert Erik , Groothuis Geny , de Graaf Inge Anne Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulphate (THPS) and other members of the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts (THPX) family are associated with liver toxicity in several mammalian species and teratogenicity in rabbits. Malformations include skeletal changes and abnormalities in eye development and are very similar to those seen with vitamin A deficiency or excess. For this reason, it was hypothesized that teratogenicity of THPS(X) might be attributed to disturbances in retinol availability and/or metabolism as a result of maternal toxicity, for example, either due to insufficient dietary intake by the mothers or due to liver toxicity. Therefore, in the present study, liver toxicity and vitamin A homeostasis were studied in pregnant rabbits that were exposed to 13.8 or 46.0 mg/kg THPS during organogenesis and in precision‐cut liver slices of rats and rabbits exposed to 0–70 μM THPS. Results show that in vivo exposure to THPS leads to a marked reduction of food intake, increased plasma concentrations of γ‐glutamytransferase, degenerative changes in the liver and to changes in retinoid content in liver and plasma in the rabbits during organogenesis. In addition, THPS, both in vivo and ex vivo, caused a change in expression of proteins related to vitamin A metabolism and transport. Together, these observations could explain the birth defects observed in earlier teratogenicity studies.
Effects of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate on human microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Colombo Graziano , Astori Emanuela , Landoni Lucia , Garavaglia Maria L. , Altomare Alessandra , Lionetti Maria C. , Gagliano Nicoletta , Giustarini Daniela , Rossi Ranieri , Milzani Aldo , Dalle‐Donne Isabella 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndoxyl sulphate (IS) is a uremic toxin accumulating in the plasma of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. IS accumulation induces side effects in the kidneys, bones and cardiovascular system. Most studies assessed IS effects on cell lines by testing higher concentrations than those measured in CKD patients. Differently, we exposed a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC‐1) to the IS concentrations measured in the plasma of healthy subjects (physiological) or CKD patients (pathological). Pathological concentrations reduced cell proliferation rate but did not increase long‐term oxidative stress level. Indeed, total protein thiols decreased only after 24 h of exposure in parallel with an increased Nrf‐2 protein expression. IS induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangement with formation of stress fibres. Proteomic analysis supported this hypothesis as many deregulated proteins are related to actin filaments organization or involved in the endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, two proteins directly linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in in vitro and in vivo studies underwent deregulation: COP9 signalosome complex subunit 9 and thrombomodulin. Future experiments will be needed to investigate the role of these proteins and the signalling pathways in which they are involved to clarify the possible link between CKD and CVD.