bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unblended America
Authors: Hutchins-Keim Karen Ann , Beaudry Mary C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With a focus on the racial fabric of nineteenth-century New England, this chapter exposes some of the pitfalls and limitations in the manner that archaeologists frame and ask their questions of material culture in contexts of hybridization. The chapter confronts the complex and multi-faceted composition of intercultural identities and shows that creolization rarely unfolds in a uniform manner, but is fractured and situated, with material culture and associated identities often remaining ‘differentiated’ by the carrying forward of former meanings and associations from one context to another. Whereas, in other studies of enslaved persons, their social and economic capital may arguably be disentangled from the enterprises of slavery through the production of absence and invisibility. The authors of this chapter instead find an ‘unblended’ configuration whereby the potency of the past is a drag on future coalescence, particularly over short durations.
Tacit Knowing of Thralls
Authors: Roslund Mats 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Through the lens of eleventh- and twelfth-century Sweden, this chapter responds to the challenge of making sense out of multiple, often situationally contingent, identities. The frame is the stylistic residue of creolization between the free and unfree that involves cultural negotiation through forms of bondage, patronage, and people-raiding. Noting that thralls, or slaves, became central to domestic production, and with a focus on ceramic production rather than product, the author uses the notion of ‘tacit knowledge’, previously acquired knowledge used implicitly to manage tasks, to better register and place hybrid forms. In ceramic production, therefore, meaning is noted to be also in a state of transfer and translation.
Cultural Interaction at Palmares
Authors: Funari Pedro , Carvalho Aline de 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes some of the long-term work undertaken by the Palmares Archaeological Project. The authors focus on the processes of syncretism and creolization at the seventeenth-century rebel polity of Palmares, where a unique identity was forged through resistance to colonial authority. Local wares depict poly-ethnic social interactions and the emergence of a new and cohesive ‘maroon identity’. Laden with the flux of past configurations enmeshed with fresh elements, cultures are shown here to be coiled with temporal fluidity, the present resonant with the past, and the past taking form from the present. Indeed, as a powerful symbol of resistance and subversion within modern Brazilian society, Palmares is a potent example of temporal fluidity. Study of the heritage of rebellious actions of maroons against colonial control was an expression of anti-regime sentiment under the rule of the military junta in Brazil (1964–85) and therefore duly supressed.
Creole Identity and Syncretism in the Archaeology of Islam
Authors: Petersen Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the early evidence for Muslim identities in Palestine, East Africa, and Central Asia and notes in each area the contrasting and complex histories of religious and societal incorporation. The historic gestation of Islam in these areas with multiple underlying confessional groups contrasts with the mono-cultural and monotheist perspectives promulgated by the belief system. The author describes certain forms of Islamic identities. With this, what is or is not selected for incorporation within specific identifications to Islam, and the meanings associated with these, is contingent to power structures, not only in processes of conversion, such as regulatory texts and the codification of belief, but also in terms of cultural attunement to local orders of practice where relevance may be highly situated. Syncretistic religious formations may therefore not be defined by ‘surfaces’ or ‘cores’ but may rather entail ‘elements’ that are the outcome of local selection.
From Pignus to Hypotheca
Authors: Verhagen Hendrik L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The evolution from Verfallpfand (forfeiture) to Verkaufspfand (sale) in the second century ad set new evolutionary processes in motion which ultimately led to the differentiated and versatile security interest that pignus was to become in high- and late classical law. The archive of the Sulpicii records a transactional practice of granting non-possessory pledges. Also the practice of granting of what were effectively non-possessory pledges in order to secure maritime loans may have its roots in late republican or early classical law. Indirectly, the recognition of the creditor’s independent power of sale may have paved the way for the pledge created nuda conventione. In the formula of the actio Serviana, the conventio pignoris was the central element. High and late classical legal sources still attest the continuing use of certain transactional practices with a ‘diluted’ possessory element. In the second and third centuries ad significant divergences between pignus and fiducia became prominent.
Pignus Nominis and Antichresis
Authors: Verhagen Hendrik L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews two contractual variations of pledge which evolved in the second and third centuries ad and which offered alternatives to the creditor selling the pledged assets. From the second century ad the praetor would protect pledge agreements in which the pledged assets were defined as contractual claims owed by third parties (pignus nominis). From the third century ad there is evidence that the granting of a pledge could be accompanied by an agreement pursuant to which the creditor was entitled to use the charged property and to take its (natural or civil) fruits (antichresis). The value of the use or these fruits would then serve as payment of principal or interest. Classical Roman law knew several variants of antichresis: implied, default, and independent antichresis. For both variants of pledge the jurists were prepared to make drastic changes to the actio Serviana in order to give legal effect to a conventio pignoris, or an independent pactum antichreticum.
Clay nanoparticles efficiently deliver small interfering RNA to intact plant leaf cells
Authors: Yong Jiaxi , Wu Miaomiao , Zhang Run , Bi Shengnan , Mann Christopher W G , Mitter Neena , Carroll Bernard J , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
RNA interference is triggered in plants by the exogenous application of double-stranded RNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the expression of target genes. This approach can potentially provide insights into metabolic pathways and gene function and afford plant protection against viruses and other plant pathogens. However, the effective delivery of biomolecules such as siRNA into plant cells is difficult because of the unique barrier imposed by the plant cell wall. Here, we demonstrate that 40-nm layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles are rapidly taken up by intact Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and by chloroplasts, following their application via infiltration. We also describe the distribution of infiltrated LDH nanoparticles in leaves and demonstrate their translocation through the apoplast and vasculature system. Furthermore, we show that 40-nm LDH nanoparticles can greatly enhance the internalization of nucleic acids by N. benthamiana leaf cells to facilitate siRNA-mediated downregulation of targeted transgene mRNA by &gt;70% within 1 day of exogenous application. Together, our results show that 40-nm LDH nanoparticle is an effective platform for delivery of siRNA into intact plant leaf cells.
Acetylome reprograming participates in the establishment of fruit metabolism during polyploidization in citrus
Authors: Zhang Miao , Tan Feng-Quan , Fan Yan-Jie , Wang Ting-Ting , Song Xin , Xie Kai-Dong , Wu Xiao-Meng , Zhang Fan , Deng Xiu-Xin , Grosser Jude W , Guo Wen-Wu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyploidization leads to novel phenotypes and is a major force in evolution. However, the relationship between the evolution of new traits and variations in the post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins during polyploidization has not been studied. Acetylation of lysine residues is a common protein PTM that plays a critical regulatory role in central metabolism. To test whether changes in metabolism in citrus fruit is associated with the reprogramming of lysine acetylation (Kac) in non-histone proteins during allotetraploidization, we performed a global acetylome analysis of fruits from a synthetic allotetraploid citrus and its diploid parents. A total of 4,175 Kac sites were identified on 1,640 proteins involved in a wide range of fruit traits. In the allotetraploid, parental dominance (i.e. resemblance to one of the two parents) in specific fruit traits, such as fruit acidity and flavonol metabolism, was highly associated with parental Kac level dominance in pertinent enzymes. This association is due to Kac-mediated regulation of enzyme activity. Moreover, protein Kac probably contributes to the discordance between the transcriptomic and proteomic variations during allotetraploidization. The acetylome reprogramming can be partially explained by the expression pattern of several lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Overexpression of silent information regulator 2 (CgSRT2) and histone deacetylase 8 (CgHDA8) diverted metabolic flux from primary metabolism to secondary metabolism and partially restored a metabolic status to the allotetraploid, which expressed attenuated levels of CgSRT2 and CgHDA8. Additionally, KDAC inhibitor treatment greatly altered metabolism in citrus fruit. Collectively, these findings reveal the important role of acetylome reprogramming in trait evolution during polyploidization.
Factors Associated With Unplanned Post-Craniotomy Re-intubation in Children: A NSQIP-Pediatric® Analysis
Authors: Drapeau Annie I. , Mpody Christian , Gross Michael A. , Lemus Rafael , Tobias Joseph D. , Nafiu Olubukola 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Most children undergoing craniotomy with general endotracheal anesthesia are extubated postoperatively, but some require unplanned postoperative intubation (UPI). We sought to determine the incidence of UPI and identify associated factors and related postoperative mortality.

Methods:
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for Pediatrics (2012–2018) was used to retrospectively identify patients less than 18 years old who underwent craniotomy for epilepsy, tumor, and congenital/cyst procedures. Perioperative factors associated with UPI were identified with logistic regression models.

Results:
We identified 15,292 children, of whom 144 (0.94%) required UPI. Ninety-two (0.60%) children required UPI within the first 3 days after surgery. Postoperative mortality was higher among children with UPI within 3 days than in those with UPI later or not at all (8.0 vs. 2.2 vs. 0.3%, respectively; P <0.001). Posterior fossa procedures trended towards an increased odds of UPI (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 2.27; P=0.05). Five preoperative factors were independently associated with UPI: age ≤ 12 months (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.29 to 5.98), ASA classification ≥3 (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.29), emergent case status (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.26), neuromuscular disease (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.47), and steroid use within 30 days (OR, 1.79; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.79). Long operative times were independently associated with UPI (200 to 400 vs. <200 min OR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.11 and ≥400 vs. <200 min OR, 4.66; 95% CI 2.70 to 8.03).

Conclusion:
Although uncommon, UPI in children who underwent craniotomy was associated with an elevated risk of postoperative mortality. The presence of identifiable risk factors may be used for preoperative counseling and risk profiling in these patients.
An umbrella review of Lianhuaqingwen combined with Western medicine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Yang Kelu , Zhang Jiaoyan , Zhao Liang , Cheng Luying , Li Yuanyuan , Kang Yuchen , Zhang Xiangyu , Kang Yingying 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Lianhuaqingwen combined with Western medicine (LHQW+WM) has been proposed as a viable treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interestingly, umbrella reviews of systematic reviews (SRs), which provides the most comprehensive evidence, are the best evidence in evidence-based medicine. Therefore, an umbrella review of SRs that summarises and evaluates the efficacy of LHQW+WM for COVID-19 is urgently required.

Methods:
Overall, 6 databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search from inception to the 22nd of January 2022. The corrected covered area (CCA) was used to analyse the overlapping between SRs. Meta-analysis was conducted when that of the included SRs was inappropriate. AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) was also employed to assess the quality of the included SRs.

Results:
In total, 12 SRs were identified, which included 12 unique primary studies. The included SRs ranged in quality from moderate to critically low and had an extremely high CCA (36.4%). Compared to conventional treatment, LHQW+WM showed efficacy concerning fatigue recovery (risk ratio [RR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.73, n = 2, I
2 = 0%), cough recovery (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.09–2.51, n = 3, I
2 = 39.1%), and overall effective rates (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.28, n = 3, I
2 = 17.5%).

Conclusion:
LHQW+WM may improve the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19; however, the results should be interpreted cautiously because of the rigorous processes in the included SRs.
Is Corneal Subbasal Nerve Loss Associated With Meibomian Gland Loss in Inactive Mild and Moderate-to-Severe Graves’ Ophthalmopathy?
Authors: Yilmaz Tuğan Büşra , Özkan Berna , Yüksel Refref , Güray Ahmet Burak , Yüksel Nurşen 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate meibomian gland and subbasal nerve plexus parameters in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO) and association of meibomian gland loss with corneal subbasal nerve plexus loss.

Methods:
Fifty-two eyes of 52 mild and moderate-to-severe GO patients and 32 eyes of 32 healthy controls were enrolled. The meibomian gland dropout area (MGDA) and meibography scores were evaluated using noncontact meibography. In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal subbasal nerve plexus were conducted. ACCMetrics was used to obtain corneal parameters.

Results:
Compared with healthy subjects, GO patients had worse upper and lower eyelid MGDA (p < 0.001, for all) and upper, lower and total meibography scores (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Eyelid margin scores were worse in the GO group (p < 0.001) and showed correlation with all noncontact meibography parameters (p < 0.001 for all). All corneal subbasal nerve parameters were significantly lower in the GO group compared with the controls (p < 0.05 for all). Subbasal nerve parameters of GO patients did not reveal a correlation with MGDA and meibography scores but showed correlations with ocular surface disease index score and Schirmer I test (r = –0.304; p = 0.042 and r = 0.336; p = 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion:
Meibomian gland and corneal nerve loss could be observed even in the inactive phase and mild GO. The lack of a correlation between meibomian gland loss and subbasal nerve loss suggests that meibomian gland loss is not a significant additional component in the pathogenesis of subbasal nerve damage in GO. Furthermore, our study revealed new evidence regarding the use of eyelid margin score to represent meibomian gland loss in GO.
Establishing a Breastfeeding Consortium for Clinicians in Pediatric Outpatient Care
Authors: Conover Nicole , Vanderpool Jill , Ginsberg Julie , Kawan Meg , Spatz Diane L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Creating a supportive environment for breastfeeding mothers in the primary care setting has been shown to improve breastfeeding rates and duration. An important aspect of establishing a breastfeeding-friendly practice is to engage and educate health care providers. To increase consistency of breastfeeding care and interventions across a large primary care network, we established an Ambulatory Breastfeeding Consortium (ABC) focused on information sharing and discussion centered on care of breastfeeding and lactating families. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the need to share up-to-date education and guidance, and the importance of the role of primary care providers in breastfeeding support. The ABC has been effective in engaging primary care nurses and other clinicians and disseminating information while encouraging discussion on the importance of providing informed care to breastfeeding families. Although more breastfeeding-specific education is recommended for clinicians, the ABC serves as a model for primary care clinicians to improve their knowledge and provide support for families through education, shared experience, and awareness across many pediatric primary care network sites.
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy linked to left ventricular dysfunction in type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: El Tantawy Amira , Anwar Ghada , Esmail Reem , Zekri Hanan , Mahmoud Samar , Samir Nancy , Fathalla Amr , Maher Mary , AbdelMassih Antoine F 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Type 1 diabetes is a major cause of cardiovascular death; diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most important cause of mortality among diabetic patients. There is an increasing body of evidence that the most important inducer of DCM is microvascular injury. The aim of this study is to establish a potential relationship between low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio and DCM and to set a possible predictive cutoff of LF:HF ratio for early detection of DCM.

Methods
75 type 1 diabetic patients together with 75 controls were assessed using tissue Doppler imaging for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) diastolic function, and heart rate variability (HRV) indices including LF/HF ratio. Type 1 diabetic patients were also assessed for parameters of glycemic and lipid profile control.

Results
Cases showed a statistically significant increase in LF/HF ratio compared to controls reflecting reduced HRV. Also, LV and RV diastolic function were reduced in cases compared to controls, there was a significant correlation between LV E/E’ ratio (ratio of early transmitral velocity and average early mitral annular and basal septal velocities) and LF/HF ratio. LF/HF ratio was able to predict LV diastolic dysfunction as expressed by the LV E/E’ ratio with a sensitivity of 96%.

Conclusion
HRV indices notably LF/HF ratio seem to be an early and sensitive predictor of DCM, the latter finding not only underlines the role of microvascular injury in the induction of DCM but might help also for the early detection and reversal of it.
You are where you eat: Effect of mobile food environments on fast food visits
Authors: Garcia-Bulle Bernardo , Horn Abigail L. , Bell Brooke M. , Bahrami Mohsen , Bozkaya Burcin , Pentland Alex , de la Haye Kayla , Moro Esteban 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTPoor diets, including those high in fast food, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to low-quality food environments, such as ‘food swamps’ saturated with fast food outlets (FFO), is hypothesized to negatively impact diet and related disease. However, research linking such exposure to diet and health outcomes has generated mixed findings and led to unsuccessful policy interventions. A major research limitation has been a predominant focus on static food environments around the home, such as food deserts and swamps, and sparse availability of information on mobile food environments people are exposed to and food outlets they visit as they move throughout the day. In this work, we leverage population-scale mobility data to examine peoples’ visits to food outlets and FFO in and beyond their home neighborhoods and to evaluate how food choice is influenced by features of food environments people are exposed to in their daily routines vs. individual preference. Using a semi-causal framework and various natural experiments, we find that 10% more FFO in an area increases the odds of people visiting a FFO by approximately 20%. This strong influence of the food environment happens similarly during weekends and weekdays, is largely independent of individual income. Using our results, we investigate multiple intervention strategies to food environments to promote reduced FFO visits. We find that optimal locations for intervention are a combination of where i) the prevalence of FFO is the highest, ii) most decisions about food outlet visits are made, and most importantly, iii) visitors’ food decisions are most susceptible to the environment. Multi-level interventions at the individual behavior- and food environment-level that target areas combining these features could have 1.7x to 4x larger effects than traditional interventions that alter food swamps or food deserts.
Corticothalamic Neurons in Motor Cortex Have a Permissive Role in Motor Execution
Authors: Carmona Lina Marcela , Nelson Anders , Tun Lin T. , Kim An , Shiao Rani , Kissner Michael D. , Menon Vilas , Costa Rui M. 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYThe primary motor cortex (M1) is a central hub for motor learning and execution. M1 is composed of heterogeneous cell types, many exhibiting varying relationships to movement. Here, we employed an unbiased screen to tag active neurons at different stages of performance of a motor task. We characterized the relative cell type composition of active neurons across training and identified one cell type consistently enriched as training progressed: corticothalamic neurons (M1CT). Using two-photon calcium imaging, we found that M1CTactivity is largely suppressed during movement, and this negative correlation with movement scales with movement vigor and augments with training. Closed-loop optogenetic manipulation of this population revealed that increasing M1CTactivity during forelimb movement significantly hinders execution, an effect that became stronger with training. Similar optogenetic manipulations, however, had little effect on locomotion. In contrast to M1CTneurons, we observed that M1 corticospinal neurons positively correlate with movement, and that this positive correlation increases with learning. Finally, by examining the connectivity between M1CTand corticospinal neurons, we uncovered that M1CTneurons can suppress M1 corticospinal activity via feedforward inhibition, and that this inhibition scales with training. These results identify a novel permissive role of corticothalamic neurons in movement execution through suppression of inhibition of corticospinal neurons.