bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondroprotection of fruit peels in a monosodium iodoacetate‐induced osteoarthritis rat model via downregulation of Col1A1
Authors: Aborehab Nora M. , El Bishbishy Mahitab H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe potential of the fruit peels of mango, orange, cantaloupe, and pomegranate in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) was evaluated in a rat model. Their metabolic profiles were characterized using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–electrospray ionization‐mass spectroscopy and 66 albino rats were intra‐articularly injected with monosodium iodoacetate in the knee joints. The extracts were orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. Serum levels of IL‐6 and tissue levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ), and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were measured using ELISA. COL1A1 expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological changes in the joints were examined. In the extracts, 85 metabolites were annotated, and the levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, COX‐2, α‐SMA, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were significantly reduced, while PPARγ and glutathione levels were significantly raised in all treated groups compared to the OA group. All extracts downregulated the cartilage mRNA expressions for COL1A1 dose‐dependently. Mango peel extract exhibited the best chondroprotective effect. The in silico study showed the link between mango extract metabolites and COX‐2.
Vocal markers of autism: Assessing the generalizability of machine learning models
Authors: Rybner Astrid , Jessen Emil Trenckner , Mortensen Marie Damsgaard , Larsen Stine Nyhus , Grossman Ruth , Bilenberg Niels , Cantio Cathriona , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Weed Ethan , Simonsen Arndis , Fusaroli Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) approaches show increasing promise in their ability to identify vocal markers of autism. Nonetheless, it is unclear to what extent such markers generalize to new speech samples collected, for example, using a different speech task or in a different language. In this paper, we systematically assess the generalizability of ML findings across a variety of contexts. We train promising published ML models of vocal markers of autism on novel cross‐linguistic datasets following a rigorous pipeline to minimize overfitting, including cross‐validated training and ensemble models. We test the generalizability of the models by testing them on (i) different participants from the same study, performing the same task; (ii) the same participants, performing a different (but similar) task; (iii) a different study with participants speaking a different language, performing the same type of task. While model performance is similar to previously published findings when trained and tested on data from the same study (out‐of‐sample performance), there is considerable variance between studies. Crucially, the models do not generalize well to different, though similar, tasks and not at all to new languages. The ML pipeline is openly shared. Generalizability of ML models of vocal markers of autism is an issue. We outline three recommendations for strategies researchers could take to be more explicit about generalizability and improve it in future studies.Lay SummaryMachine learning approaches promise to be able to identify autism from voice only. These models underestimate how diverse the contexts in which we speak are, how diverse the languages used are and how diverse autistic voices are. Machine learning approaches need to be more careful in defining their limits and generalizability.
Topography of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland for treating epiphora using botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Shin Hyun Jin , You Jung‐Won , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the location of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland using external landmarks to facilitate effective botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for epiphora treatment. Dissections were performed on 45 hemifaces from 27 cadavers. The length, anterior protrusion, and thickness of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland were measured directly. The midpoint of the line running horizontal through the medial and lateral canthus was used as the horizontal reference point. Vertical lines perpendicular to the midpoint of the horizontal reference line were the vertical reference lines. The angles from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center and to the frontal tubercle were also measured. The length and thickness of the lacrimal gland were 12.8 and 2.4 mm, respectively. The lacrimal gland had an anterior protrusion of 4.1 mm from the superolateral orbital margin. The superior and inferior margins of the lacrimal gland were located 35.7° and 15.8° from the two reference lines, respectively. The angle from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center was 35.1°, which was similar to that to the frontal tubercle (34.4°). The orbital part of the lacrimal gland was more inferior in elderly subjects and the angle between the horizontal reference line and its center was 35.1°, which was similar to the location of the frontal tubercle. The location of this tubercle can help clinicians to perform BTX‐A injections into the lacrimal gland, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of epiphora treatment.
Crucial Role of the Chaperonin GroES/EL for Heterologous Production of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase from Methylomonas methanica MC09
Authors: Zill Domenic , Lettau Elisabeth , Lorent Christian , Seifert Franziska , Singh Praveen K. , Lauterbach Lars 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethane is a widespread energy source and can serve as an attractive C1 building block for a future bioeconomy. The soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is able to break the strong C−H bond of methane and convert it to methanol. The high structural complexity, multiplex cofactors, and unfamiliar folding or maturation procedures of sMMO have hampered the heterologous production and thus biotechnological applications. Here, we demonstrate the heterologous production of active sMMO from the marine Methylomonas methanica MC09 in Escherichia coli by co‐synthesizing the GroES/EL chaperonin. Iron determination, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and native gel immunoblots revealed the incorporation of the non‐heme diiron centre and homodimer formation of active sMMO. The production of recombinant sMMO will enable the expansion of the possibilities of detailed studies, allowing for a variety of novel biotechnological applications.
3D‐Printed Structured Reactor with Integrated Single‐Atom Catalyst Film for Hydrogenation
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Ng Derrick , Xie Zongli , Martinez‐Botella Ivan , Tsanaktsidis John , Hornung Christian H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructured catalytic reactors are gaining considerable attention for integrated chemical synthesis because they offer enhanced mass transfer and easy catalyst recovery. In this paper, a new, cost‐effective design strategy that combines 3D printing and single‐atom catalysis is presented, enabling the construction of an integrated mixer‐based reactor insert, coated with a thin single‐atom catalytic layer. The material has been characterized from the nano to the macro scale to unlock structure‐property relationships. The performance of the catalyst structure was evaluated via hydrogenation of two model compounds used in the flavorings and fragrances industry. The structured catalytic reactor was active, selective, and reusable several times without apparent drop in performance. This immobilized catalyst system removes the need for catalyst separation post‐reaction, and enables modern synthesis options catalyzed over atomically‐precise nanomaterials.
Constructing Multiple Heterostructures on Nickel Oxide Using Rare‐earth Oxide and Nickel as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Sha Wenbo , Song Yanhui , Liu Peizhi , Wang Jingkun , Xu Bingshe , Feng Xinliang , Guo Junjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConstructing heterostructured electrocatalyst is a promising strategy to explore inexpensive and effective catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the overall water splitting (OWS). Here, amorphous NiO 2D layers decorated with Ni and rare earth oxide (REOx) nanoparticles, which possess multiple heterostructures (Ni−NiO and REOx‐NiO), have been synthesized by the sequential electrodeposition on carbon cloth. The electrocatalytic performances for the prepared Er2O3/Ni−NiO and CeO2/Ni−NiO have been evaluated, exhibiting improved HER (39 mV@10 mA cm−2) and OER (318 mV@50 mA cm−2) activities in contrast to the single component, respectively. Additionally, the two‐electrode system (Er2O3/Ni−NiO//CeO2/Ni−NiO) presents an excellent OWS property which displays a low potential of 1.58 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This work helps to deepen the understanding of the synergetic interaction between dissimilar materials in heterostructured catalyst, and provides guidance for the further exploration and evolution of nanomaterials in green energy conversion technology.
Photo‐Assisted CO/CO2 Methanation over Ni/TiO2 Catalyst: Experiment and Density Functional Theory Calculation
Authors: Li Yangyang , Rao Zhiqiang , Liu Zhisong , Zeng Junming , Bao Wentao , Wang Zijun , Li Jiangbing , Yu Feng , Dai Bin , Zhou Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupported Ni‐based catalysts have been widely used in CO and CO2 methanation processes. However, the catalytic activity of presently available Ni‐supported catalysts remains deficient at the low temperatures required to avoid sintering and carbon deposition. The present work addresses these issues by fabricating TiO2‐nanoparticle‐supported Ni (Ni/TiO2) photothermal catalysts achieve a CO and CO2 conversion of 94 % and 76 %, respectively, under Xe lamp irradiation at 300 °C than those obtained under strictly thermal catalysis conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy results conducted in situ with and without light irradiation demonstrate that photoinduced charge carriers on the surfaces of the Ni/TiO2 nanoparticles enhance the formation of intermediate species in the CO methanation process and the formation of CO2δ− species conducive to CO2 activation in the CO2 methanation process. Moreover, density functional theory calculations with explicitly included charge carriers further demonstrate that electrons are transferred from Ti to Ni in the Ni/TiO2 catalyst under light irradiation. This research advances understanding of CO/CO2 low temperature methanation activity by light irradiation and provides a practical way to address the existing problem for Ni‐based catalysts.
The complement system and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Jia Changhao , Tan Ying , Zhao Minghui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe complement system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which usually injures the kidney. More and more studies have shown the pathogenic role and indicated that abnormal activation of the complement system was highly involved in the outbreak of autoimmune diseases. This review mainly introduced recent studies of complement system activation contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitides, and so on. Understanding the pathogenic roles of complement activation in various autoimmune diseases will identify potential novel therapeutic targets on complement systems.
Textile‐Bound Copper Silicate as a New Peroxidase‐Like Nanozyme for Organic Dye Decolorization
Authors: Pospiskova Kristyna , Safarik Ivo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCopper silicate (CS) bound to a nonwoven textile was prepared using a very simple procedure employing water glass as a precursor and subsequent copper sulfate treatment. Peroxidase‐like activity of the textile‐based CS derivative was detected for the first time. This new nanozyme was employed for the decolorization of three model organic dyes: Bismarck brown Y, Congo red, and methylene blue. Both adsorption and peroxidase‐like dye degradation were involved during the decolorization process.
Enhanced Cycling Performance of All‐Solid‐State Li‐S Battery Enabled by PVP‐Blended PEO‐Based Double‐Layer Electrolyte
Authors: Ao Zhuoran , Zou Youlan , Zou Haiyan , Huang Yuxing , Chen Nantao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the high specific capacity of Li−S battery, shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and safety issue pose a great challenge to realize its commercial application. Replacing liquid electrolyte with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) ‐based solid‐state electrolyte is considered as a promising method to boost the safety, but the shuttle effect of LiPSs cannot be completely eliminated. In this work, a new kind of double‐layer PEO‐based polymer electrolyte is designed to restrict the LiPSs. The layer next to cathode consists of PEO and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The other layer consists of PEO. PVP with abundant of amide groups has been proved to have strong affinity to LiPSs. The strong interaction between LiPSs and carbonyl groups in amide is verified by Attenuated Total Reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests. As a result, the assembled Li−S battery exhibits a specific capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 347 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 60 °C and 0.05 C, while the capacity retention of the battery without PVP‐blended PEO electrolyte remains only 27 % at the same conditions.
Overall and net survival of patients with sarcoma between 2005 and 2010: Results from the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM)
Authors: Amadeo Brice , Penel Nicolas , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Plouvier Sandrine , Delafosse Patricia , Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Gallet Justine , Lacourt Aude , Galvin Angéline , Coureau Gaëlle , Monnereau Alain , Blay Jean‐Yves , Desandes Emmanuel , Mathoulin‐Pélissier Simone ,   for the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM)
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUNDSarcomas are rare, heterogeneous, ubiquitously localized malignancies with many histologic subtypes and genomic patterns. The survival of patients with sarcoma has rarely been described based on this heterogeneity; therefore, the authors' objective was to estimate survival outcomes in patients who had sarcomas using the 2020 version of the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue and bone tumors.METHODSPatients older than 15 years who had incident sarcoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 were extracted from 14 French population‐based cancer registries covering 18% of the French metropolitan population. Vital status for each patient was actively followed up to June 30, 2013. Net survival (NS) was estimated using the unbiased Pohar‐Perme method.RESULTSOverall, 4202 patients were included. NS declined with increasing age at diagnosis. According to topographic groups, large 5‐year NS disparities were observed, ranging from 47% among women with gynecologic sarcomas to 89% among patients with skin sarcomas. Patients with soft tissue, bone, and gastrointestinal sarcomas had 5‐year NS rates of 53%, 61%, and 70%, respectively. Similar heterogeneity was observed according to histologic subtypes, with 5‐year NS ranging from 19% for patients with angiosarcomas to 96% for patients with dermatofibrosarcomas. Patients with sarcoma who displayed missense mutations had a better 5‐year NS (74%); those with MDM2‐amplified sarcomas had the worst NS (45%).CONCLUSIONSNS rates in patients with sarcoma are presented here for the first time based on the 2020 World Health Organization classification applied to population‐based registry data. Large prognostic heterogeneity was observed based on age, topographic and histologic groups, and genomic alteration profiles, constituting a benchmark for future studies and clinical trials.
DLMHS: Flow‐based intrusion detection system using deep learning neural network and meta‐heuristic scale
Authors: V Jyothsna , K Munivara Prasad , G GopiChand , D Durga Bhavani 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe technological growth of the internet gained applications in various areas of human life like banking, public networking, online transactions, and electronic trade. The exponential growth of these services leads to increase of network traffic, and results increase in the number of possible network attacks. The researchers proposed various methodologies to address these from decades. It is evident from the literature that machine learning techniques, ANN methods, and Meta‐Heuristic approaches have gained significant reputation in handling security attacks and these methods depend on features of requests for extracting the knowledge. It is observed that the exponential growth in the volume of transactions in network traffic contains diversified behavior and exhibits deviation in feature values. Hence, it is required to consider the associability of transactions and its feature values. In this paper, a unique set of flow level features is defined to extract the knowledge from the traffic. The diversified behavior of the traffic is addressed with ensemble classifiers with distribution similarity and drift detection. The proposed model derives a threshold value using feature impact scale for the classifiers defined in the ensemble and analyzes the flow characteristics based on the threshold. The Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) is used for attack detection at flow level to validate the traffic as normal or attack. The experimental study is carried out with NSL‐KDD benchmark datasets to analyze the statistical parameters. Furthermore, the proposed model (DLMHS) is compared with existing models described in literature.
The effect of formation processes on the frequency of palaeolithic cave sites in semiarid zones: Insights from Kazakhstan
Authors: Varis Aristeidis , Miller Christopher E. , Cuthbertson Patrick , Namen Abay , Taimagambetov Zhaken , Iovita Radu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral Asian caves with Palaeolithic deposits are few, but they provide a rich record of human fossils and cultural assemblages that has been used to model Late Pleistocene hominin dispersals. However, previous research has not yet systematically evaluated the formation processes that influence the frequency of Palaeolithic cave sites in the region. To address this deficiency, we combined field survey and micromorphological analyses in the piedmont zone of south Kazakhstan. Here, we present our preliminary results focusing on selected sites of the Qaratau mountains. Sediment cover varies among the surveyed caves, and loess‐like sediments dominate the cave sequences. The preservation of cave deposits is influenced by reworking of cave sediments within the caves but also by the broader erosional processes that shape semiarid landscapes. Ultimately, deposits of potentially Pleistocene age are scarce. Our study provides new data in the geoarchaeologically neglected region of Central Asia and demonstrates that micromorphology has great analytical potential even within the limitations of rigorous survey projects. We outline some of the processes that influence the formation and preservation of cave deposits in Kazakhstan, as well as broader implications for the distribution of Palaeolithic cave sites in Central Asia and other semiarid environments.
Will people in conflict affected zones in Africa have access to COVID‐19 vaccine? A case of Nigeria
Authors: Oladunni Amos Abimbola , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Ijafu Lawrence Gregory , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVaccination is an important and cost‐effective disease prevention and control strategy. Over the years, milestone discoveries in vaccine research and development as well as vaccine delivery systems, have contributed to expanded immunisation coverage and reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine‐preventable diseases. While this outstanding development in vaccine delivery continues, there are considerable gaps in access to vaccines among populations living in fragile and conflict‐affected zones which appeared to be the fault line of limited vaccine coverage. Despite progress in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine development, there are concerns about the feasibility of African countries affected by armed conflict and violence to effectively deliver COVID‐19 vaccines at the unprecedented level required to fight against the virus. In this article we discuss the feasibility of access to COVID‐19 vaccine among populations in conflict affected areas in Nigeria including methods that can be applied to reach and vaccinate populations in these settings.
Diabetes mellitus in relation to colorectal tumor molecular subtypes: A pooled analysis of more than 9000 cases
Authors: Harlid Sophia , Van Guelpen Bethany , Qu Conghui , Gylling Björn , Aglago Elom K. , Amitay Efrat L. , Brenner Hermann , Buchanan Daniel D. , Campbell Peter T. , Cao Yin , Chan Andrew T. , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Drew David A. , Figueiredo Jane C. , French Amy J. , Gallinger Steven , Giannakis Marios , Giles Graham G. , Gunter Marc J. , Hoffmeister Michael , Hsu Li , Jenkins Mark A. , Lin Yi , Moreno Victor , Murphy Neil , Newcomb Polly A. , Newton Christina C. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Obón‐Santacana Mireia , Ogino Shuji , Potter John D. , Song Mingyang , Steinfelder Robert S. , Sun Wei , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Toland Amanda E. , Ugai Tomotaka , Um Caroline Y. , Woods Michael O. , Phipps Amanda I. , Harrison Tabitha , Peters Ulrike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiabetes is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it is not well understood whether diabetes is more strongly associated with some tumor molecular subtypes than others. A better understanding of the association between diabetes and colorectal cancer according to molecular subtypes could provide important insights into the biology of this association. We used data on lifestyle and clinical characteristics from the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (CCFR) and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), including 9756 colorectal cancer cases (with tumor marker data) and 9985 controls, to evaluate associations between reported diabetes and risk of colorectal cancer according to molecular subtypes. Tumor markers included BRAF and KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype. In the multinomial logistic regression model, comparing colorectal cancer cases to cancer‐free controls, diabetes was positively associated with colorectal cancer regardless of subtype. The highest OR estimate was found for BRAF‐mutated colorectal cancer, n = 1086 (ORfully adj: 1.67, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.36‐2.05), with an attenuated association observed between diabetes and colorectal cancer without BRAF‐mutations, n = 7959 (ORfully adj: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19‐1.48). In the case only analysis, BRAF‐mutation was differentially associated with diabetes (Pdifference = .03). For the other markers, associations with diabetes were similar across tumor subtypes. In conclusion, our study confirms the established association between diabetes and colorectal cancer risk, and suggests that it particularly increases the risk of BRAF‐mutated tumors.