bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Understanding of the Complex Role of Venous Sinus Stenosis in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Zhao Kexin , Gu Wenjing , Liu Chunmei , Kong Derui , Zheng Chong , Chen Wei , Li Xuewei , Liang Yuchen , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: March 2022

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) that predominantly affects young obese women. IIH is a diagnosis of exclusion. That is, if increased ICP is suspected, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography of the brain are recommended to exclude secondary causes. Imaging findings, such as empty sella, orbital findings, meningocele, and encephalocele, are not diagnostic of ICP, nor does their absence exclude ICP either. Therefore, venous manometry is recommended as the gold standard for evaluation, regardless of previous anatomic imaging results. Venous manometry is an invasive examination that is frequently applied to derive physiologic information concerning the nature of the pressure gradient. However, the pathogenesis of IIH has not been fully elucidated. The presence of venous sinus stenosis in a subset of patients has provided some support for the potential mechanisms underlying this condition. Hence, this review provides an up‐to‐date discussion on the potential pathogenic mechanisms of IIH with a special focus on venous sinus stenosis.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
FURIN gene variants (rs6224/rs4702) as potential markers of death and cardiovascular traits in severe COVID‐19
Authors: Coto Eliecer , Albaiceta Guillermo M. , Amado‐Rodríguez Laura , García‐Clemente Marta , Cuesta‐Llavona Elías , Vázquez‐Coto Daniel , Alonso Belén , Iglesias Sara , Melón Santiago , Alvarez‐Argüelles Marta E. , Boga José A. , Rojo‐Alba Susana , Pérez‐Oliveira Sergio , Alvarez Victoria , Gómez Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFurin is a protease that plays a key role in the infection cycle of SARS‐CoV‐2 by cleaving the viral proteins during the virus particle assembly. In addition, Furin regulates several physiological processes related to cardio‐metabolic traits. DNA variants in the FURIN gene are candidates to regulate the risk of developing these traits as well as the susceptibility to severe COVID‐19. We genotyped two functional FURIN variants (rs6224/rs4702) in 428 COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit. The association with death (N = 106) and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia was statistically evaluated. The risk of death was associated with age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The two FURIN alleles linked to higher expression (rs6224 T and rs4702 A) were significantly increased in the death cases (odds ratio= 1.40 and 1.43). Homozygosis for the two high expression genotypes (rs6224 TT and rs4702 AA) and for the T‐A haplotype was associated with an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia. In the multiple logistic regression both, hypercholesterolemia and the TT + AA genotype were significantly associated with death. In conclusion, besides its association with hypercholesterolemia, FURIN variants might be independent risk factors for the risk of death among COVID‐19 patients.
Response surface methodology‐optimized co‐fermentation of pigeon pea okara by Rhizopus oligosporus and Yarrowia lipolytica and its application for vegetable paste
Authors: Zhang HaoRan , Chen Chao‐Jung , Chen Bang‐Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume usually consumed directly or processed into pigeon pea milk. Pigeon pea okara (PPO) contains 15.5 – 28.8% protein, 56% carbohydrate, as well as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making it a valuable food material or other applications. This study examines co‐fermentation of PPO by Rhizopus oligosporus and Yarrowia lipolytica to maximize its nutritional value.MethodsThe response surface methodology (RSM) with Four variables and five levels central composite design was used to optimize the co‐fermentation conditions including fermentation temperature, R. oligosporus and Y. lipolytica inoculum concentrations, and fermentation time.ResultsSolid‐state co‐fermentation significantly increased the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and protein contents, with SDS‐PAGE revealing protein molecular weights generally < 10 kDa. The optimal fermentation condition was using 5.05 × 105 spores/g R. oligosporus and 5.05 × 105 CFU/g Y. lipolytica at 39°C for 48 hrs. Sensory analysis and shelf‐life testing were then performed on vegetable pastes prepared using optimally fermented PPO. Vegetable paste prepared with 35% fermented PPO content had comparable overall acceptability to paste made with 35% unfermented PPO, and a 14‐day shelf‐life at 4°C.ConclusionIn summary, RSM‐optimized, solid‐state co‐fermentation is an effective method to improve the nutritional value of PPO.
A novel thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of proanthocyanidins in grape seeds
Authors: Shi Lei , Lv Yun‐Kai , Wang Jiang‐Wang , Yang Lan‐Lan , Shen Shi‐Gang 
Published: March 2022

A novel thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of total proanthocyanidins and the mean degree of polymerization in grape seeds has been developed. Following thiolysis with formic acid and benzyl mercaptan, reaction products were separated and purified. Three proanthocyanidin monomers and three derivatives were obtained and their structures were identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. A decomposition model of the thiolysis products and a correction formula for proanthocyanidins concentration were established. This thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method displayed good calibration linearity (R2 > 0.999 over the concentration range 0.01 to 10 mg/mL), excellent accuracy (recoveries of 97.9–99.6%), and precision (repeatability relative standard deviations of 0.45–0.75%). This method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of proanthocyanidins in grape seed products.
Fabrication of monolithic capillary columns with inner diameter 50–530 μm employing a mixture of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate as crosslinkers
Authors: Planeta Josef , Moravcová Dana , Karásek Pavel , Roth Michal 
Published: March 2022

Highly crosslinked monolithic capillary columns with inner diameters in the range of 50–530 μm were prepared by radical polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate, and n‐octadecyl methacrylate in the presence of methanol, dodecyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol lauryl ether. Columns were evaluated by inverse size‐exclusion chromatography employing a set of polystyrene standards of narrow molecular‐size distribution and by scanning electron microscopy. Chromatographic performance under reversed‐phase conditions was also evaluated. The combination of two effective crosslinkers as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate in the polymerization mixture allows for the preparation of robust and efficient monolithic capillary columns within a fairly wide range of internal diameters.
Impact of multidetector computed tomography scan parameters, novel reconstruction settings, and lung nodule characteristics on nodule diameter measurements: A phantom study
Authors: Au Cherry , Reeves Russell , Li Zhenteng , Gingold Eric , Halpern Ethan , Sundaram Baskaran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeNovel CT reconstruction techniques strive to maintain image quality and processing efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a newer hybrid iterative reconstruction technique, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction‐V (ASIR‐V), in combination with various CT scan parameters on the semi‐automated quantification using various lung nodules.MethodsA chest phantom embedded with eight spherical objects was scanned using varying CT parameters such as tube current and ASIR‐V levels. We calculated absolute percentage error (APE) and mean APE (MAPE) using differences between the semi‐automated measured diameters and known dimensions. Predictive variables were assessed using a multivariable general linear model. The linear regression slope coefficients (β) were reported to demonstrate effect size and directionality.ResultsThe APE of the semi‐automated measured diameters was higher in ground‐glass than solid nodules (β = 9.000, p < 0.001). APE had an inverse relationship with nodule diameter (mm; β = −3.499, p < 0.001) and tube current (mA; β = −0.006, p < 0.001). MAPE did not vary based on the ASIR‐V level (range: 5.7%–13.1%).ConclusionError is dominated by nodule characteristics with a small effect of tube current. Regardless of phantom size, nodule size accuracy is not affected by tube voltage or ASIR‐V level, maintaining accuracy while maximizing radiation dose reduction.
Nachhaltigkeitsziele: Chemieindustrie im Wandel
Authors: Kayser Martin , Kratz Detlef , Seidel Carla , Funk‐Weyer Dorothee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDer europäische Grüne Deal und die EU‐Chemikalienstrategie erfordern neue Prioritäten. Forschung darf dabei in ihrer gedanklichen Freiheit nicht eingeschränkt werden. Politik, Hochschulen, Studierende und Industrie müssen gemeinsam den Blick auf Nutzen und Wirkungen der Chemie schärfen.
Experimente: Warum Gras nicht rot leuchtet
Authors: Korn‐Müller Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDer grüne Blattfarbstoff Chlorophyll ist leicht aus Gras zu isolieren und verbindet im Unterricht Chemie und Biologie. Weißes Licht aus einer LED‐Lampe regt in ethanolischer Chlorophylllösung Fluoreszenz an, Wasser löscht sie wieder. Versuche zum photochemischen Prinzip der Photosynthese.
Trendbericht Technische Chemie 2022
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Biessey Philip , Börnhorst Marion , Schallhart Verena , Westermann Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVon atomaren Prozessen bis zu Stoffkreisläufen – die technische Chemie arbeitet auf allen Skalen am Ziel, die CO2‐Emissionen zu senken. Dafür werden Kreislaufwirtschaften eingerichtet, Reaktoren werden mit „grünem“ Strom beheizt, und die Multiskalen‐Modellierung sucht nach effizienteren Katalysatoren.
Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing students in the first wave: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Roldán‐Merino Juan , Hurtado‐Pardos Barbara , Molina‐Raya Lorena , Bande David , Casas Irma , Farrés‐Tarafa Mariona 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact on nursing students at the end of period of confinement during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain.DesignA cross‐sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.MethodsNursing students were invited to complete an online questionnaire at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year using convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, work, and life experiences in relation to COVID‐19, habits and lifestyle using the World Health Organization Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5) and the Generalized Anxiety disorder‐7 scale. Variables related to anxiety were analysed using multiple lineal regression analysis,ResultsThe prevalence of low psychological well‐being in the 203 students was 44.3% and of anxiety 55.7%. In the multivariate analysis the variables associated with anxiety were having worked in the pandemic, having had symptoms of COVID‐19 and having been afraid of getting infected.ConclusionsThe levels of anxiety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in nursing students have been high, and levels of psychological well‐being have been low. The fact of having worked during the pandemic, having had symptoms compatible with COVID‐19 or being afraid of getting infected are associated with the highest scores for anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study gives more evidence on the psychological impact on nursing students during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain. This can be used to design anxiety management programmes for inclusion into teaching syllabuses. It also gives arguments for the setting up of psychological and emotional support services for these students and other healthcare professionals working during the pandemic.
The synergism effect of montmorillonite on the intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites prepared by selective laser sintering
Authors: Li Jianshuo , Wu Wei , Hu Huanbo , Rui Zhengguo , Zhao Tianyu , Zhang Xiyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a powder‐based 3D printing technology. It offers a new means of fabricating complex modules with special properties, such as mechanical, flame retardant, electrical and thermal properties. In this paper, the effect of an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and montmorillonite (MMT) on the fire resistance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was investigated. TPU composites powders were prepared by mixing with a two‐step method and can be effectively applied to SLS. Morphology characters exhibited that the fillers disperse well in the TPU powder. The structure analysis and hydrophilia analysis of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) demonstrates the different compatibility in TPU, which reflects diverse flame retardant behavior. With 22% IFR and 3% OMMT fillers, the LOI of TPU composites increased from 17.2% to 28% and subsequently a UL‐94 V‐0 ranking was obtained. In the CCT results, the formula of 22% IFR and 3% OMMT showed the lowest heat release and smoke production. The study also explored the effects of flame retardant fillers on the thermal stability of TPU composites and melting and crystallization behaviors in SLS processing. In addition, the char residues after heating were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the composites have favorable flame retardant properties, thermal stability, char forming performance, and SLS process properties. The TPU composites prepared via SLS in this study demonstrated extensive potential in fire protection materials.
Symmetric in the striate but asymmetric in the extrastriate cortex when processing three‐quarter faces: Neural underpinnings for aesthetic appreciations
Authors: Zeng Yifan , Wang Xuanyu , Silveira Sarita , von Trott zu Solz Jana , Simmank Fabian , Zaytseva Yuliya , Bao Yan , Paolini Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFaces and their aesthetic appreciation are a core element of social interaction. Although studies have been made on facial processing when looking at faces with different perspectives, a direct comparison of faces in the left to the right perspective is missing. Portraits in classical Western art indicate a preference of the left compared to the right perspective, but the neural underpinnings of such an asymmetry still have to be clarified. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study focuses on the processing of three‐quarter faces seen with different perspectives. Seventeen participants were asked to passively look at photographs of six male and six female faces with a neutral expression; the photographs were taken from the left, right, and frontal perspectives while keeping their focus on the eyes. The results showed that specific brain areas were involved in processing the three‐quarter faces in either symmetric or asymmetric ways. Viewing left and right three‐quarter faces resulted in two mirror‐like activations in the striate cortex corresponding to the symmetric layout of the left and right perspectives. Viewing the left face resulted additionally in an enhanced activation also in the left extrastriate cortex. The right perspective of male faces elicited a lower activation compared to other perspectives in face‐selective areas of the brain. Our findings suggest that the preference of the left three‐quarter face emerges already in the early visual pathway presumably prior to facial identification, emotional processing, and aesthetic appreciation. Our observations may have general importance in disentangling different neural components and processing stages in the spatiotemporal characteristics of artistic expressions.
Sensitivity of accuracy of various standard test condition correction procedures to the errors in temperature coefficients of c‐Si PV modules
Authors: Golive Yogeswara Rao , Kottantharayil Anil , Shiradkar Narendra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Standard Test Condition (STC) correction procedures are algorithms used for transforming the Photovoltaic (PV) module current‐voltage (I‐V) data measured at arbitrary conditions back to STC. The PV module Temperature Coefficients are used as inputs by various STC correction procedures and can significantly influence their accuracy. This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of accuracy of six STC correction procedures (IEC 60891‐Procedure 1, Procedure 2, Modified IEC 60891‐Procedure 1, IEC 60891‐Procedure 4 (Voltage Dependent Temperature Coefficient (VDTC) Procedure), Anderson Procedure, and Standard Irradiance and Desired Temperature Procedure) to the errors in the temperature coefficients of Pmax, Voc, and Isc. Experimentally measured as well as simulated I‐V curves of six multi c‐Si PV modules were used in this study. IEC 60891‐Procedure 4 (Voltage Dependent Temperature Coefficient) that uses a Voltage Dependent Temperature Coefficient which can be calculated using a single measured I‐V curve was found to be most robust against errors in the temperature coefficients.
Amplification of Primordial Gravitational Waves by a Geometrically Driven non‐canonical Reheating Era
Authors: Odintsov S.D. , Oikonomou V.K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to describe inflation in general relativity, scalar fields must inevitably be used, with all the setbacks of that description. On the other hand, gravity and other modified gravity theories seem to provide a unified description of early and late‐time dynamics without resorting to scalar or phantom theories. The question is, can modified gravity affect directly the mysterious radiation domination era? Addressing this question is the focus in this work, and we shall consider the case for which in the early stages of the radiation domination era, namely during the reheating era, the background equation of state parameter is different from . As we show, in the context of gravity, an abnormal reheating era can affect the primordial gravitational wave energy spectrum today. Since future interferometers will exactly probe this era, which consists of subhorizon modes that reentered the horizon during the early stages of the radiation domination era, the focus in this work is how a short abnormal reheating era that deviates from the standard perfect fluid pattern with , and generated by higher order curvature terms, can affect the primordial gravitational wave energy spectrum. Using a WKB approach, we calculate the effect of an gravity generated abnormal reheating era, and as we show the primordial gravitational wave spectrum is significantly amplified, a result which is in contrast to the general relativistic case, where the effect is minor.
Interaction of picolinamide fungicide primary metabolites UK‐2A and CAS‐649 with the cytochrome bc1 complex Qi site: mutation effects and modelling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Young David H , Meunier Brigitte , Wang Nick X 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid are picolinamide fungicides targeting the Qi site of the cytochrome bc1 complex, via their primary metabolites UK‐2A and CAS‐649, respectively. We explore binding interactions and resistance mechanisms for picolinamides, antimycin A and ilicicolin H in yeast by testing effects of cytochrome b amino acid changes on fungicide sensitivity and interpreting results using molecular docking.RESULTSEffects of amino acid changes on sensitivity to UK‐2A and CAS‐649 were similar, with highest resistance associated with exchanges involving G37 and substitutions N31K and L198F. These changes, as well as K228M, also affected antimycin A, while ilicicolin H was affected by changes at G37 and L198, as well as Q22E. N31 substitution patterns suggest that a lysine at position 31 introduces an electrostatic interaction with neighbouring D229, causing disruption of a key salt‐bridge interaction with picolinamides. Changes involving G37 and L198 imply resistance primarily through steric interference. G37 changes also showed differences between CAS‐649 and UK‐2A or antimycin A with respect to branched versus unbranched amino acids. N31K and substitution of G37 by large amino acids reduced growth rate substantially while L198 substitutions showed little effect on growth.CONCLUSIONBinding of UK‐2A and CAS‐649 at the Qi site involves similar interactions such that general cross‐resistance between fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid is anticipated in target pathogens. Some resistance mutations reduced growth rate and could carry a fitness penalty in pathogens. However, certain changes involving G37 and L198 carry little or no growth penalty and may pose the greatest risk for resistance development in the field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Lung parenchymal calcifications in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lynch Heidi , Qian Frank , Wong Matthew D. , Thomas Rahul J. , Kapur Nitin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe a 6‐year‐old girl with homozygous p.Phe508del cystic fibrosis with severe multi‐lobar bronchiectasis and obstructive lung disease who was found to have prominent parenchymal calcifications in the right middle lobe on a computed tomography scan of the chest. Histopathology from the calcified area of lung biopsy showed fibrous tissue with chronic inflammation with CD3+ T‐lymphocytes and macrophages with no granulomas. Dystrophic calcification was seen within this necrotic debris.
Antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory effect of Mg2+ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Arancibia‐Hernández Yalith Lyzet , Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina , Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), characterised by high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress induces oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing tissue damage. Both inflammation and OS contribute to multi‐organ failure in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg2+) regulates many processes, including antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory responses, as well as the proper functioning of other micronutrients such as vitamin D. In addition, Mg2+ participates as a second signalling messenger in the activation of T cells. Therefore, Mg2+ deficiency can cause immunodeficiency, exaggerated acute inflammatory response, decreased antioxidant response, and OS. Supplementation with Mg2+ has an anti‐inflammatory response by reducing the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), interleukin (IL) ‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, Mg2+ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and increases the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, reducing OS. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation is a potential way to reduce inflammation and OS, strengthening the immune system to manage COVID‐19. This narrative review will address Mg2+ deficiency associated with a worse disease prognosis, Mg2+ supplementation as a potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory therapy during and after COVID‐19 disease, and suggest that randomised controlled trials are indicated.