bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines: From a Hidden Structural Motif to an Efficient Solvent-Free Synthetic Protocol
Authors: Michalak Michał , Depa Wojciech , Bisek Bartosz , Górecki Marcin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEpoxydiazocines belong to the rare class of small V-shaped molecules, closely related to Tröger’s base. Due to their intriguing, unique structure, they could serve as molecular building blocks for supramolecular chemistry. An extensive review on their synthesis is contained in this article. Moreover, our recent findings devoted to efficient and easily scalable synthesis of fluorinated epoxy[1,5][b,f]diazocines through solvent-free base-catalyzed condensation of ortho-aminophenones is provided. The unique V-shaped structure was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Furthermore, the rigidity of the epoxy­diazocine skeleton allowed for racemate separation and the configuration of enantiomers was established by combining quantum chemical calculations and chiroptical methods.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Efforts Towards Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines3	Synthetic Efforts Towards Fluorinated Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines4	Conclusion
Approaching the legitimacy of self-appointed representatives: from responsiveness to reflexivity
Authors: Nuske Jessica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper offers an extensive theoretical discussion of and a contribution to the highly relevant, controversial, and normatively charged debate on the legitimacy of interest groups as non-elected, self-appointed representatives. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the paper juxtaposes two diverging approaches on legitimacy of interest groups, namely responsiveness as a means to achieve a congruence of interests and reflexivity as the structural facilitation of evaluative judgements conducted by the constituency. Second, the paper proposes a framework on institutional instruments generating reflexivity suitable for empirical research. To corroborate this concept-specification of reflexivity, this paper debates several empirical studies on and theoretical approaches to institutional mobilisation mechanisms enabling a structural facilitation of contestation. Eventually, three distinct attributes of the concept of interest group reflexivity are established. An interest group’s forums for exchange and education, its decision-making system and its grassroots involvement ought to ensure internal structural reflexivity towards its constituency. When combined, they can mitigate the potential for undemocratic representation due to a lack of or skewed mobilisation and empowerment.
Investigating the role of health, education, energy and pollution for explaining total factor productivity in emerging economies
Authors: Yu Yanliang , Alvi Shahzad , Tufail Saira , Nawaz Shahzada M. Naeem , Peng Michael Yao-Ping , Ahmad Nauman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the role of health, education, energy and pollution in affecting productivity in selected emerging economies. Industrial share to GDP, trade openness and Information Communication and Technology (ICT) are used as control variables. Various dimensions of health and education are explored that include malnutrition, access to clean water, HIV, life expectancy and years of schooling at several levels. A set of Fixed Effect models provide evidence that all of the variables of health and education are critical for productivity. Further, the negative effect of trade openness calls for attention of the policy makers to work out the possibility of technology transfer through integration of economies so that productivity may be enhanced. Another dimension is to revisit the energy mix because the positive effect of energy use is offset by an increase in pollution. Public policy makers should understand the importance of public investment in necessary provisions for improving productivity, economic growth and ultimately the welfare of society, then it can make a difference.
Vibration damping platform for cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments
Authors: Sauerwein N. , Cantat-Moltrecht T. , Grigoras I. T. , Brantut J.-P. 
Published: March 2022

We present a mechanical platform with enhanced vibration damping properties for cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments. It is based on a composite design that combines a soft, vibration damping core with a rigid shell maintaining optical alignment. It passively damps the vibrations generated by piezoelectric actuators controlling the mirror positions. The mechanical resonances of the platform, which lead to a length change of the cavity, are efficiently suppressed up to 100 kHz. Our platform is ultra-high vacuum compatible and can be used in most applications, in particular, where long cavities and optical access to the cavity center are required.
Electromechanical properties in CaTiO3 modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 solid solutions above morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Jurjans M. , Bikse L. , Birks E. , Svirskas Š. , Antonova M. , Kundzins M. , Sternberg A. 
Published: March 2022

The structural, electromechanical, and dielectric properties of (1 − x)(0.8Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.2BaTiO3)-xCaTiO3 [(1 − x) (0.8NBT-0.2BT)-xCT] ceramics are studied as candidates for room temperature actuators with high field-induced strain. The choice of 0.8NBT-0.2BT as a starting composition is motivated by the large tetragonality in this concentration range, even though it is located far away from the morphotropic phase boundary. CaTiO3 was chosen as a third component to decrease the depolarization temperature and achieve a high field-induced strain at room temperature. The measured strains at the field-induced phase transition are remarkably lower than might be expected from the jump in unit cell parameters at the phase transition. This inconsistency could be related to an incomplete field-induced phase transition from the ferroelectric phase to the nonpolar phase. Among all of the manufactured samples, the phase transition is close to room temperature in the composition with x = 0.100, which allows obtaining unipolar strains up to 0.23% at E = 65 kV/cm. Electrostrictive-like strain was observed not only above the depolarization temperature but also in the region of field-induced phase transition.
On the anhysteretic magnetization of soft magnetic materials
Authors: Silveyra Josefina María , Conde Garrido Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Electrical steels are still the materials of choice for large-scale transformers and most electric motors. Yet, they may present a nonhomogeneous magnetic nature which prevents describing accurately their anhysteretic magnetization with the Langevin-Weiss model. Although interpolation and extrapolation methods may be used to model any anhysteretic curve, a simple and physically-based model would be of great value for fundamental and applied research. Inspired in the law of partial volumes for gas mixtures, we proposed a law of partial magnetizations for magnetic mixtures. In a two-component system, the model leads to the double Langevin-Weiss function. We also introduced a graphical method and a fitting approach to analyze and model anhysteretic magnetization curves. A semi-log magnetization derivative plot is central to this end. We validated our strategy through well-motivated examples using published data on soft magnets. The single Langevin-Weiss function provided an accurate description of the magnetization of isotropic and anisotropic magnetically homogeneous materials: a soft ferrite and a nanocrystalline alloy, respectively. For modelling a magnetization transverse to the material’s preferred direction, the key is to allow a negative molecular field constant. The double Langevin-Weiss function was suitable for less homogeneous materials, such as a grain-oriented electrical steel magnetized along the rolling direction and a non-oriented electrical steel. Moreover, a highly-grain-oriented electrical steel magnetized transverse to the rolling direction, which exhibits a constricted hysteresis loop, could be modeled in excellent agreement with data. The key for the latter, has been to allow an antiparallel arrangement of the mean magnetization of both components.
FORC analysis of nanopatterned vs unpatterned films: Coercivity and switching mechanisms
Authors: Mshar Alecsander D. , Owen Allen G. , Arnold Daniel D. , Visscher Pieter B. , Dumas Randy K. , Gupta Subhadra 
Published: March 2022

We have studied the use of self-assembled block copolymers to pattern multilayers of Co and Pd on silicon wafers. Stacks ranging from four to twelve bilayers of Co (0.3 nm)/Pd (0.8 nm) were sputtered onto Ta/Pd seed layers and capped with 3 nm of Ta and were found to have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as-deposited. The block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(ferrocenyl dimethylsilane) (PS-b-PFS) was dissolved in toluene and spun onto the wafers. The polymers were phase-separated by heat treatment, leaving self-assembled PFS spheres embedded in PS, which was removed by oxygen-plasma ashing. The PFS spheres were then used as masks to ion-mill the Co/Pd multilayers into nanopillars. To study the effect of etch time and etch angle on the coercivity distribution, we synthesized samples in a Design of Experiments-(DoE)- in these two factors. Scanning electron micrographs showed nanopillars ranging from 15 to 30 nm in diameter, depending primarily on etch time. M-H loops measured on both patterned and unpatterned wafers showed an increase of up to 130% in overall coercivity upon patterning. First Order Reversal Curves (FORC) were measured, and the resulting FORC distributions displayed using a smoothing program (FORCinel) and one that can display the raw data without smoothing (FORC+). We find that FORC+ reveals information about fine-scale structure and switching mechanism that cannot be seen in the smoothed display.
Lysosomal inhibition sensitizes TMEM16A-expressing cancer cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Vyas Avani , Gomez-Casal Roberto , Cruz-Rangel Silvia , Villanueva Hugo , Sikora Andrew G. , Rajagopalan Pavithra , Basu Devraj , Pacheco Jonathan , Hammond Gerald R. V. , Kiselyov Kirill , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Cisplatin is the first line therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. However, resistance to cisplatin remains a major concern. High expression of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A in tumors portends poor survival in these patients, possibly because of drug resistance. Here, we show that TMEM16A drives the sequestration of cisplatin into lysosomes. Subsequently, cisplatin is expelled via the delivery of lysosomes to the cell surface. We show that TMEM16A enhances this process, thereby promoting cisplatin resistance. We also show that lysosomal inhibition synergizes with cisplatin to induce tumor cell death. Our data uncovers a new fundamental feature of both lysosomal physiology and cancer cell biology that can potentially impact the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer.
Twenty-first century hydroclimate: A continually changing baseline, with more frequent extremes
Authors: Stevenson Samantha , Coats Sloan , Touma Danielle , Cole Julia , Lehner Flavio , Fasullo John , Otto-Bliesner Bette 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Twenty-first century trends in hydroclimate are so large that future average conditions will, in most cases, fall into the range of what we would today consider extreme drought or pluvial states. Using large climate model ensembles, we remove the background trend and find that the risk of droughts and pluvials relative to that (changing) baseline is fairly similar to the 20th century risk. By continually adapting to long-term background changes, these risks could therefore perhaps be minimized. However, increases in the frequency of extremely wet and dry years are still present even after removing the trend, indicating that sustainably managing hydroclimate-driven risks in a warmer world will face increasingly difficult challenges.
Prevention of antimicrobial prescribing among infants following maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A. , Fries Louis F. , Cho Iksung , Chen Janice , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Strategies to reduce consumption of antimicrobial drugs are needed to contain the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a prominent cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, as a single agent and in conjunction with bacterial pathogens, and may thus contribute to the burden of both inappropriately treated viral infections and appropriately treated polymicrobial infections involving bacteria. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, administering an RSV vaccine to pregnant mothers reduced antimicrobial prescribing among their infants by 12.9% over the first 3 mo of life. Our findings implicate RSV as an important contributor to antimicrobial exposure among infants and demonstrate that this exposure is preventable by use of effective maternal vaccines against RSV.
A dialogue-like cell communication mechanism is conserved in filamentous ascomycete fungi and mediates interspecies interactions
Authors: Haj Hammadeh Hamzeh , Serrano Antonio , Wernet Valentin , Stomberg Natascha , Hellmeier Davina , Weichert Martin , Brandt Ulrike , Sieg Bianca , Kanofsky Konstantin , Hehl Reinhard , Fischer Reinhard , Fleißner André 
Published: March 2022

Significance
This study reveals that a dialogue-like communication mechanism, which mediates cell–cell fusion in filamentous fungi, is a conserved complex trait. It allows the communication and behavioral coordination of cells of distantly related species and mediates their mutual attraction and subsequent physical contact, although interspecies fusion does not occur. Through the activation of this signaling machinery, one species can reprogram the developmental program of the other fungus. These data promote our understanding of microbial communication, illustrate the mechanism of repurposing of existing building blocks in cellular evolution, revive the hypothesis of vegetative fusion as an avenue of horizontal gene transfer in fungi, and establish the idea of developmental reprogramming as a tool for controlling fungi.
Mitotic spindle formation in the absence of Polo kinase
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Goshima Gohta 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceMitosis is an essential process in all eukaryotes, but paradoxically, genes required for mitosis vary among species. The essentiality of many mitotic genes was bypassed by activating alternative mechanisms during evolution. However, bypass events have rarely been recapitulated experimentally. Here, using the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, the essentiality of a kinase (Plo1) required for bipolar spindle formation was bypassed by other mutations, many of which are associated with glucose metabolism. The Plo1 bypass by the reduction in glucose uptake was dependent on another kinase (casein kinase I), which potentiated spindle microtubule formation. This study illustrates a rare experimental bypass of essentiality for mitotic genes and provides insights into the molecular diversity of mitosis.
Rapid seafloor changes associated with the degradation of Arctic submarine permafrost
Authors: Paull Charles K. , Dallimore Scott R. , Jin Young Keun , Caress David W. , Lundsten Eve , Gwiazda Roberto , Anderson Krystle , Hughes Clarke John , Youngblut Scott , Melling Humfrey 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceTemperature increases in Arctic regions have focused attention on permafrost degradation on land, whereas little is known about the dynamics of extensive glacial-age permafrost bodies now submerged under the vast Arctic Continental shelves. Repeated high-resolution bathymetric surveys show that extraordinarily rapid morphologic changes are occurring at the edge of the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea along what was once the seaward limit of relict Pleistocene permafrost. How widespread similar changes are on the Arctic shelves is unknown, as this is one of the first areas in the Arctic subjected to multiple multibeam bathymetric surveys. Rapid morphologic changes associated with active submarine permafrost thawing may be an important process in sculpturing the seafloor in other submarine permafrost settings.
Activation of the UPR sensor ATF6α is regulated by its redox-dependent dimerization and ER retention by ERp18
Authors: Oka Ojore Benedict Valentine , Pierre Arvin Shedrach , Pringle Marie Anne , Tungkum Wanida , Cao Zhenbo , Fleming Bethany , Bulleid Neil John 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Membrane and secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbations to ER function disrupts protein folding, causing misfolded proteins to accumulate, a condition known as ER stress. Cells adapt to stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately restores proteostasis. A key player in the UPR response is ATF6α, which requires release from ER retention and modulation of its redox status during activation. Here, we report that ER stress promotes formation of a specific ATF6α dimer, which is preferentially trafficked to the Golgi for processing. We show that ERp18 regulates ATF6α by mitigating its dimerization and trafficking to the Golgi and identify redox-dependent oligomerization of ATF6α as a key mechanism regulating its function during the UPR.
A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease
Authors: Foster Stephanie L. , Woolsey Courtney , Borisevich Viktoriya , Agans Krystle N. , Prasad Abhishek N. , Deer Daniel J. , Geisbert Joan B. , Dobias Natalie S. , Fenton Karla A. , Cross Robert W. , Geisbert Thomas W. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Concern has increased about the pandemic potential of Nipah virus (NiV). Similar to SARS-CoV-2, NiV is an RNA virus that is transmitted by respiratory droplets. There are currently no NiV vaccines licensed for human use. While several preventive vaccines have shown promise in protecting animals against lethal NiV disease, most studies have assessed protection 1 mo after vaccination. However, in order to contain and control outbreaks, vaccines that can rapidly confer protection in days rather than months are needed. Here, we show that a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the NiV glycoprotein can completely protect monkeys vaccinated 7 d prior to NiV exposure and 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiV challenge.
Skin effect as a probe of transport regimes in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Matus Paweł , Dantas Renato M. A. , Moessner Roderich , Surówka Piotr 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceWeyl semimetals are a class of three-dimensional materials, whose low-energy excitations mimic massless fermions. In consequence they exhibit various unusual transport properties related to the presence of chiral anomalies, a subtle quantum phenomenon that denotes the breaking of the classical chiral symmetry by quantum fluctuations. In this work we present a universal description of transport in weakly disordered Weyl semimetals with several scattering mechanisms taken into account. Our work predicts the existence of a new anomaly-induced transport regime in these materials and gives a crisp experimental signature of a chiral anomaly in optical conductivity measurements. Finally, by also capturing the hydrodynamic regime of quasiparticles, our construction bridges the gap between developments in electronic fluid mechanics and three-dimensional semimetals.
The X-word
Authors: Morse Ainsley 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article describes changes in the use of profanity in contemporary Russian poetry and its implications for translation into English. While Russian poetry now more closely resembles English-language poetry in embracing the profanity typical of conversational speech, the highly taboo nature of Russian profanity is still relevant, including gender-specific taboos. Using examples from a range of female and male poets from the 2000s and 2010s (including Dina Gatina, Elena Fanailova, Dmitri Prigov, Andrei Rodionov, Alexander Skidan, Oksana Vasyakina, Lida Yusupova and others), the article explores the ambivalent status of profane language today, whereby the same phrase for different speakers can be considered entirely unremarkable or profoundly taboo. In addition to the exigencies of poetic form, this is the most relevant factor (and vexing problem) for Russian-to-English translation. Special attention is also paid to specifically queer uses of profanity, with the suggestion that profanity is perhaps best translated in a maximally expressive sociolect-specific way.
Interfacial adhesion assessment of SiN/GaAs film/substrate system using microcantilever bending technique
Authors: Lin Weikang , Zhao Yitian , Wang Feng , Huang Han , Lu Mingyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, a microcantilever bending technique was applied to evaluate the interfacial adhesion of a silicon nitride (SiN) film on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. Miniaturised cantilevers in micrometre scale were machined on the SiN/GaAs cross-section using focused ion beam milling. Subsequent bending tests was performed on a nanomechanical testing system. Static and cyclic loadings were applied to bend the cantilevers until they fractured. All cantilevers failed at the SiN/GaAs interface. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was used to simulate the deflection of the cantilevers and the stress state at the locus of failure was analysed. Interfacial fracture strength σ
in was derived from the FEA model. The mean values of σ
in from the static and cyclic loading tests were 0.8 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.1 GPa, respectively. An energy balance analysis was then used to evaluate an interfacial toughness of G
in = 0.18 ± 0.05 J m−2.
Effect of residual strain on magnetic properties and Hall effect in chiral antiferromagnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Deng J J , Zhao M Y , Wang Y , Wu X , Niu X T , Ma L , Zhao D W , Zhen C M , Hou D L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Here, the effect of residual strain (RS) generated by uniaxial stress on the magnetic properties and Hall effect of polycrystalline Mn3Sn is investigated. Contrary to the role of pressure in Mn3Sn, both Hall measurements and our theoretically calculated kagome lattice distortions suggest that RS is beneficial for suppressing the magnetic transition from an inverse triangular antiferromagnetic (AFM) state to a helical AFM state. Furthermore, the topological Hall effect (THE) is observed in Mn3Sn over the entire temperature range from 5 K to 400 K due to RS. Combined with the magnetic measurements, we speculate that the THE originates from a RS-induced non-coplanar AFM structure. Our findings point out a method to realize a chiral non-coplanar AFM structure through strain engineering, thereby providing a path for the construction of topological antiferromagnets.