bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) acting as catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)
Authors: Tung Chi‐Yen , Shih Wei‐Chih , Chiou Tzung‐Wen , Hsu I‐Jui , Liaw Wen‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrochemical study of {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC [(2‐AMP)Fe(NO)2] (1) (2‐AMP = 2‐aminomethylpyridine) in CH3CN/Na2SO4 aqueous solution (1 M) revealing reversible one‐electron redox couples implicated that DNIC 1 may facilitate versatile chemical reactions associated with two‐electron HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) processes. The three‐component photocatalytic HER system is composed of MeOH‐H2O solution (1:1 volume ratio, pH = 11.0) of molecular catalyst DNIC 1 (1.6 μM), photosensitizer fluorescein (Fl) (1.5 mM) and sacrificial electron donor triethylamine (0.36 M) was developed. The reductive quenching rate (R1) (electron transfer from Et3N to Fl) and the oxidative quenching rate (R2) (electron transfer from [Fl]− to DNIC 1) were calculated as 2.11 × 107 s−1 and 3.984 × 104 s−1, respectively. The faster electron transfer from [Fl]− to DNIC 1, compared to the electron‐transfer rate (R3) from [DNIC 1]− to H2O, rationalized the accumulation of the transient‐stable [DNIC 1]−, degrading to [DNIC 1]−‐transformed photocatalytic active particles (Fe3O4 [major]). The three‐component photocatalytic system composed of MeOH‐H2O solution of the isolated particles (2 mg), Fl (1.5 mM), and Et3N (0.36 M) was also employed for photocatalytic HER reaching TON 13456 μmolH2/gcatalyst, TOF 2691 hr−1μmolH2/gcatalyst and the apparent quantum yield 3.71% under radiation (480 nm). That is, for the photocatalytic HER device constructed via a combination of DNIC 1, Fluorescein, and triethylamine, both the homogeneous catalytic HER triggered by {Fe(NO)2}10‐reduced [DNIC 1]− and the heterogeneous catalytic HER promoted by [DNIC 1]−‐transformed particles operated concomitantly to drive this photocatalytic HER.
Research progress of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Keliu , Liu Jianhua , Qin Xiaosong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in the world. A number of challenges remain for the early detection and effective treatment of HCC. In recent years, microbiota have been proven to be associated with the development of HCC. Many studies have explored the pathogenesis, diagnostic marker, and therapeutic target potential of microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we aimed to introduce the research methods and achievements of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss the value of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsKeywords are used to search relevant articles which were mainly published from 2010 to 2021, and we further selected targeted articles and read the full text.ResultsGut microbiota involved in promoting the formation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and differential gut microbiota and microbial metabolites have the potential to be the biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Purposefully regulated gut microbiota can improve the prognosis of patients, which is expected to be used in hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionThe study of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma is definitely worthy of study. In‐depth and elaborate research design is crucial for the study of the mechanism of gut microbiota involved in hepatocellular carcinoma, which can provide new directions and targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identification of potential gene markers in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Weichun , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Liping , Lu Yiling , Kang Xinyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate underlying mechanisms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In this work, the GSE70493 dataset from GDM and control samples was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Afterward, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between GDM and control samples. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these DEGs were carried out. Furthermore, significant sub‐modules were identified, and the functional analysis was also performed. Finally, we undertook a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) with the purpose of confirming several key genes in GDM development. There were totally 528 up‐regulated and 684 down‐regulated DEGs between GDM and healthy samples. The functional analyses suggested that the above genes were dramatically enriched in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) process and immune‐related pathways. Moreover, PPI analysis revealed that several members of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) superfamily, including down‐regulated HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DQB1 served as hub genes. In addition, six significant sub‐clusters were extracted and functional analysis suggested that these four genes in sub‐module 1 were also associated with immune and T1DM‐related pathways. Finally, they were also confirmed by qRT‐PCR array. Besides, the four members of HLA superfamily might be implicated with molecular mechanisms of GDM, contributing to a deeper understanding of GDM development.
How to overcome algorithm aversion: Learning from mistakes
Authors: Reich Taly , Kaju Alex , Maglio Sam J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen consumers avoid taking algorithmic advice, it can prove costly to both marketers (whose algorithmic product offerings go unused) and to themselves (who fail to reap the benefits that algorithmic predictions often provide). In a departure from previous research focusing on when algorithm aversion proves more or less likely, we sought to identify and remedy one reason why it occurs in the first place. In seven pre‐registered studies, we find that consumers tend to avoid algorithmic advice on the often faulty assumption that those algorithms, unlike their human counterparts, cannot learn from mistakes, in turn offering an inroad by which to reduce algorithm aversion: highlighting their ability to learn. Process evidence, through both mediation and moderation, examines why consumers fail to trust algorithms that err across a variety of prediction domains and how different theory‐driven interventions can solve the practical problem of enhancing trust and consequential choice in algorithms.
Multi‐scale attention network for segmentation of electron dense deposits in glomerular microscopic images
Authors: Yang Jinyue , Hu Xiuxiu , Pan Hong , Chen Pingsheng , Xia Siyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectron dense deposit on the epithelial side of the glomerular capillary basement membrane is one of the pathological changes of membranous nephropathy. Automatic segmentation of deposits can relieve clinicians from the tedious and manual effort of identifying and localizing region of interest (ROI) in medical images and also assist to diagnose membranous nephropathy. Electron dense deposits are characterized by different sizes, irregular shapes, and low contrast to surrounding tissue structures in glomerular electron microscopy images. Considering the characteristics of dense deposits, we propose a multi‐scale attention network for automatic segmentation of electron dense deposits of glomeruli in electron microscope images. Our method is built on the fully convolutional network but also takes advantages of the multi‐scale skip connections and attention mechanism. Specifically, the multi‐scale skip connection combines feature maps of different scales, makes the segmentation field larger, and integrates the shallow features of the image and high‐level semantic information, which is more conducive to distinguishing dense deposits. At the same time, attention mechanism can focus on salient structures that normally produces a distinguishable feature representation. To evaluate the segmentation performance of the proposed method, we also collected a dataset of electron microscope images of membranous nephropathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest image dataset for segmentation of glomerular basement membrane dense deposits. Experimental result shows that our model can accurately segment ordinary‐sized dense deposits. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, our proposed method lower both false positive and false negative segmentation of small‐sized protein sediments.
The effect of a Mentor Mothers program on prevention of vertical transmission of HIV outcomes in Zambézia Province, Mozambique: a retrospective interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Carlucci James G. , Yu Zhihong , González Purificación , Bravo Magdalena , Amorim Gustavo , das Felicidades Cugara Cristina , Guambe Helga , Mucanhenga Jaime , Silva Wilson , Tique José A. , Sardella Alvim Maria Fernanda , Graves Erin , De Schacht Caroline , Wester C. William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionMentor Mothers (MM) provide peer support to pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (PPWH) and their infants with perinatal HIV exposure (IPE) throughout the cascade of prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) services. MM were implemented in Zambézia Province, Mozambique starting in August 2017. This evaluation aimed to determine the effect of MM on PVT outcomes.MethodsA retrospective interrupted time series analysis was done using routinely collected aggregate data from 85 public health facilities providing HIV services in nine districts of Zambézia. All PPWH (and their IPE) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) from August 2016 through April 2019 were included. Outcomes included the proportion per month per district of: PPWH retained in care 12 months after ART initiation, PPWH with viral suppression and IPE with HIV DNA PCR test positivity by 9 months of age. The effect of MM on outcomes was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsThe odds of 12‐month retention increased 1.5% per month in the pre‐MM period, compared to a monthly increase of 7.6% with‐MM (35–61% pre‐MM, 56–72% with‐MM; p < 0.001). The odds of being virally suppressed decreased by 0.9% per month in the pre‐MM period, compared to a monthly increase of 3.9% with‐MM (49–85% pre‐MM, 59–80% with‐MM; p < 0.001). The odds of DNA PCR positivity by 9 months of age decreased 8.9% per month in the pre‐MM period, compared to a monthly decrease of 0.4% with‐MM (0–14% pre‐MM, 4–10% with‐MM; p < 0.001). The odds of DNA PCR uptake (the proportion of IPE who received DNA PCR testing) by 9 months of age were significantly higher in the with‐MM period compared to the pre‐MM period (48–100% pre‐MM, 87–100% with‐MM; p < 0.001).ConclusionsMM services were associated with improved retention in PVT services and higher viral suppression rates among PPWH. While there was ongoing but diminishing improvement in DNA PCR positivity rates among IPE following MM implementation, this might be explained by increased uptake of HIV testing among high‐risk IPE who were previously not getting tested. Additional efforts are needed to further optimize PVT outcomes, and MM should be one part of a comprehensive strategy to address this critical need.
Inversion‐Recovery‐Prepared Oscillating Gradient Sequence Improves Diffusion‐Time Dependency Measurements in the Human Brain
Authors: Li Haotian , Zu Tao , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Zhao Zhiyong , Liu Ruibin , Zheng Tianshu , Li Qing , Sun Yi , Liu Daihong , Zhang Jiuquan , Zhang Yi , Wu Dan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOscillating gradient diffusion MRI (dMRI) enables measurements at a short diffusion‐time (td), but it is challenging for clinical systems. Particularly, the low b‐value and low resolution may give rise to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contamination.PurposeTo assess the effect of CSF partial volume on td–dMRI measurements and efficacy of inversion‐recovery (IR) prepared oscillating and pulsed gradient dMRI sequence to improve td–dMRI measurements in the human brain.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTen normal volunteers and six glioma patients.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; three‐dimensional (3D) IR‐prepared oscillating gradient‐prepared gradient spin‐echo (GRASE) and two‐dimensional (2D) IR‐prepared oscillating gradient echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequences.AssessmentWe assessed the td‐dependent patterns of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in several gray and white matter structures, including the hippocampal subfields (head, body, and tail), cortical gray matter, thalamus, and posterior white matter in normal volunteers. Pulsed gradient (0 Hz) and oscillating gradients at frequencies of 20 Hz, 40 Hz, and 60 Hz dMRI were acquired with GRASE and EPI sequences with or without the IR module. We also tested the td‐dependency patterns in glioma patients using the EPI sequence with or without the IR module.Statistical TestsThe differences in ADC across the different tds were compared by one‐way ANOVA followed by post hoc pairwise t‐tests with Bonferroni correction.ResultsIn the healthy subjects, brain regions that were possibly contaminated by CSF signals, such as the hippocampus (head, body, and tail) and cortical gray matter, td‐dependent ADC changes were only significant with the IR‐prepared 2D and 3D sequences but not with the non‐IR sequences. In brain glioblastomas patients, significantly higher td‐dependence was observed in the tumor region with the IR module than that without IR (slope = 0.0196 μm2/msec2 vs. 0.0034 μm2/msec2).ConclusionThe IR‐prepared sequence effectively suppressed the CSF partial volume effect and significantly improved the td‐dependent measurements in the human brain.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Representation of moist convective processes in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 models for the simulation of Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability
Authors: Tirkey Snehlata , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Krishna Ravuri Phani Murali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study assesses the simulation of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO), particularly the moist convective processes associated with the BSISO in 10 models from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). Most of the models show a slower northward propagation of the BSISO and cannot simulate the origin of positive rainfall anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. The generation of barotropic vorticity to the north of the convection centre leads to the northward shift of moisture convergence resulting in the northward propagation of convection. This mechanism is also insufficient in the models. The models show a lack of consistent evolution of moisture with increasing rain rates. Some of the CMIP6 models such as MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR, FGOALS‐f3‐L, and NorESM2‐MM exhibit better northward propagation and the associated moist processes. A random relationship between vertical velocity, specific humidity, and precipitation is seen in the observation. On the other hand, the models show a deterministic relationship among these parameters with a much higher fraction of convective rain than large‐scale rain. Only FGOALS‐f3‐L (from the CMIP6 family), which uses convection resolving precipitation parameterization, where the convective and stratiform precipitation is calculated explicitly, produces the variability seen in the observation to a large extent.
A framework for synthesizing intervention evidence from multiple sources into a single certainty of evidence rating: Methodological developments from a US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee
Authors: Calonge Ned , Shekelle Paul G. , Owens Douglas K. , Teutsch Steven , Downey Autumn , Brown Lisa , Noyes Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite research investment and a growing body of diverse evidence there has been no comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those in medicine and other public health fields. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to develop and use methods for grading and synthesizing diverse types of evidence to create a single certainty of intervention‐related evidence to support recommendations for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Research. A 13‐step consensus building method was used. Experts were first canvassed in public meetings, and a comprehensive review of existing methods was undertaken. Although aspects of existing review methodologies and evidence grading systems were relevant, none adequately covered all requirements for this specific context. Starting with a desire to synthesize diverse sources of evidence not usually included in systematic reviews and using GRADE for assessing certainty and confidence in quantitative and qualitative evidence as the foundation, we developed a mixed‐methods synthesis review and grading methodology that drew on (and in some cases adapted) those elements of existing frameworks and methods that were most applicable. Four topics were selected as test cases. The process was operationalized with a suite of method‐specific reviews of diverse evidence types for each topic. Further consensus building was undertaken through stakeholder engagement and feedback The NASEM committee's GRADE adaption for mixed‐methods reviews will further evolve over time and has yet to be endorsed by the GRADE working group.
Nickel superoxide dismutase protects nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium
Authors: Chen Chih‐Chang , Rodriguez Irene B. , Chen Yuh‐ling Lee , Zehr Jonathan P. , Chen Yun‐Ru , Hsu Shang‐Te Danny , Yang Shun‐Chung , Ho Tung‐Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrichodesmium, a major diazotroph in tropical and subtropical oceans, provides a significant amount of bioavailable nitrogen in oligotrophic oceans. Remarkably, the cyanobacteria carry out nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis simultaneously under high light (HL) conditions. Here, we hypothesize that nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) protects the nitrogen fixation process from oxidative stress generated in photosynthesis under high solar radiation conditions. We found that the variations in nitrogen fixation rates closely corresponded to Ni availability under HL conditions. The expression of NiSOD and two representative photosynthetic proteins also corresponded to variations in both nitrogen fixation rates and Ni availability under HL conditions. Trichodesmium collected in the field had a high Ni quota and elevated SOD activity. The evidence supports the conclusion that NiSOD protects nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium from oxidative stress. The ability to utilize NiSOD may be a major advantage for Trichodesmium under high solar radiation conditions.
Effects of UV Aging, Water Storage and Recycling on Mechanical Properties of Biogenic Wood‐Plastic Composites from Polyamide 11
Authors: Hirsch Patrick , Theumer Torsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the weather stability of a biogenic wood‐plastic composite (bio‐WPC) made of bio‐based polyamide 11 (PA11) and 30 wt% of beech wood particles (BP) by twin‐screw compounding is evaluated. It is found that UV aging has no significant effects on the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the injection molded bio‐WPC due to the UV stabilization of the PA11. It is also found that the water absorbed by the hydrophilic beech wood particles and by the PA11 matrix during water storage acts as a plasticizer and results in a decrease in stiffness and strength as well as an increase in the elongation at break. The second focus of this study is the evaluation of the mechanical properties after recycling. It is found that recycling leads to a reduction of the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength by 18% respectively 19%, compared to the original bio‐WPC. These effects are attributed to a mechanical and thermo‐oxidative degradation of the beech wood particles but also of the PA11 through recycling by granulation and repeated injection molding. A corresponding drop in stiffness and strength is typical for recycled composite materials. Overall, the recycled bio‐WPC therefore has a good level of mechanical properties after recycling.
Model‐based pulse pileup and charge sharing compensation for photon counting detectors: A simulation study
Authors: Taguchi Katsuyuki , Polster Christoph , Segars W. Paul , Aygun Nafi , Stierstorfer Karl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aim at developing a model‐based algorithm that compensates for the effect of both pulse pileup (PP) and charge sharing (CS) and evaluates the performance using computer simulations.MethodsThe proposed PCP algorithm for PP and CS compensation uses cascaded models for CS and PP we previously developed, maximizes Poisson log‐likelihood, and uses an efficient three‐step exhaustive search. For comparison, we also developed an LCP algorithm that combines models for a loss of counts (LCs) and CS. Two types of computer simulations, slab‐ and computed tomography (CT)‐based, were performed to assess the performance of both PCP and LCP with 200 and 800 mA, (300 µm)2 × 1.6‐mm cadmium telluride detector, and a dead‐time of 23 ns. A slab‐based assessment used a pair of adipose and iodine with different thicknesses, attenuated X‐rays, and assessed the bias and noise of the outputs from one detector pixel; a CT‐based assessment simulated a chest/cardiac scan and a head‐and‐neck scan using 3D phantom and noisy cone‐beam projections.ResultsWith the slab simulation, the PCP had little or no biases when the expected counts were sufficiently large, even though a probability of count loss (PCL) due to dead‐time loss or PP was as high as 0.8. In contrast, the LCP had significant biases (>±2 cm of adipose) when the PCL was higher than 0.15. Biases were present with both PCP and LCP when the expected counts were less than 10–120 per datum, which was attributed to the fact that the maximum likelihood did not approach the asymptote. The noise of PCP was within 8% from the Cramér–Rao lower bounds for most cases when no significant bias was present. The two CT studies essentially agreed with the slab simulation study. PCP had little or no biases in the estimated basis line integrals, reconstructed basis density maps, and synthesized monoenergetic CT images. But the LCP had significant biases in basis line integrals when X‐ray beams passed through lungs and near the body and neck contours, where the PCLs were above 0.15. As a consequence, basis density maps and monoenergetic CT images obtained by LCP had biases throughout the imaged space.ConclusionWe have developed the PCP algorithm that uses the PP–CS model. When the expected counts are more than 10–120 per datum, the PCP algorithm is statistically efficient and successfully compensates for the effect of the spectral distortion due to both PP and CS providing little or no biases in basis line integrals, basis density maps, and monoenergetic CT images regardless of count‐rates. In contrast, the LCP algorithm, which models an LC due to pileup, produces severe biases when incident count‐rates are high and the PCL is 0.15 or higher.