bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 retrieval: impact of version v2.2 improvements and comparisons with OMI and ground-based data
Authors: van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk , Compernolle Steven , Pinardi Gaia , Verhoelst Tijl , Lambert Jean-Christopher , Sneep Maarten , ter Linden Mark , Ludewig Antje , Boersma K. Folkert , Veefkind J. Pepijn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the main data products measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor
(S5P) satellite, which combines a high signal-to-noise ratio with daily
global coverage and high spatial resolution.
TROPOMI provides a valuable source of information to monitor
emissions from local sources such as power plants, industry, cities,
traffic and ships, and variability of these sources in time.
Validation exercises of NO2 v1.2–v1.3 data, however, have revealed that TROPOMI's tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) are too low by up to 50 % over highly polluted areas. These findings are mainly attributed to biases in the cloud pressure
retrieval, the surface albedo climatology and the low resolution of the
a priori profiles derived from global simulations of the TM5-MP chemistry
model. This study describes improvements in the TROPOMI NO2 retrieval
leading to version v2.2, operational since 1 July 2021.
Compared to v1.x, the main changes are the following. (1) The NO2-v2.2 data are based on version-2 level-1b (ir)radiance spectra with improved calibration, which results in a small and fairly
homogeneous increase in the NO2 slant columns of 3 % to 4 %, most of which ends up as a small increase in the stratospheric columns. (2) The cloud pressures are derived with a new version of the FRESCO cloud
retrieval already introduced in NO2-v1.4, which led to a lowering of the cloud pressure, resulting in larger tropospheric NO2 columns
over polluted scenes with a small but non-zero cloud coverage. (3) For cloud-free scenes a surface albedo correction is introduced based on the observed reflectance, which also leads to a general increase in the
tropospheric NO2 columns over polluted scenes of order 15 %. (4) An outlier removal was implemented in the spectral fit, which increases
the number of good-quality retrievals over the South Atlantic Anomaly region and over bright clouds where saturation may occur. (5) Snow/ice information is now obtained from ECMWF weather data, increasing the number of valid retrievals at high latitudes. On average the NO2-v2.2 data have tropospheric VCDs that are between 10 % and 40 % larger than the v1.x data, depending on the level of pollution and season; the largest impact is found at mid and high latitudes in wintertime.
This has brought these tropospheric NO2 closer to Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations. Ground-based validation shows on average an improvement of the negative bias of the stratospheric (from −6 % to −3 %), tropospheric (from −32 % to −23 %) and total (from −12 % to −5 %) columns.
For individual measurement stations, however, the picture is more
complex, in particular for the tropospheric and total columns.
2016 Cracking the Egg Potential During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Lutter Chessa , Iannotti Lora L. , Stewart Christine P 
Published: April 2022

It should not be surprising that a simple egg, which provides a chicken embryo nutritive support from conception to the time it hatches, might also be an important food to support fetal growth and development during pregnancy. Eggs have great potential to improve nutrition among vulnerable populations living in resource-poor settings. They provide a nearly complete source of protein and are also an important source of essential fatty acids, choline, vitamins A and B12, selenium, and other critical nutrients. At the same time, compared to other animal-source foods, they cost less and are available and valued as a food in virtually all parts of the world.
Perspective from 2021 Eggs during Pregnancy and Lactation and Beyond: What have we learned in the past 5 years?
Authors: Lutter Chessa , Iannotti Lora L , Stewart Christine P 
Published: April 2022

In the 5 years since our article ‘Cracking the egg potential during pregnancy and lactation’ was published, the recognition that eggs likely provide critical nutrients during pregnancy and lactation for newborn and child health and neurodevelopment, and also that they can contribute to reducing poverty and supporting sustainable food systems has continued to grow. Eggs are rich in choline and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two nutrients hypothesized to have favorable effects on birth outcomes as well as on child growth, morbidity, inflammation, and neurodevelopment. They contain high levels of several other nutrients and vitamins, including lutein and other carotenoids, and vitamins E, D, and B12, and folate; they are also rich in selenium and iodine. In as much as pregnant and lactating women have higher protein and other nutrient requirements compared with nonpregnant women, eggs are an ideal food to consume during this time. Nonetheless, because they are expensive relative to other sources of energy, consumption is low among women.
Тамга-петроглифы из Юго-Западного Жетысу Алатау
Authors: Херманн Люк , Железняков Борис Анатольевич 
Published: April 2022

В данной статье в научный оборот вводятся знаки и тамги из Юго-Западного Жетысу Алатау, они представляют новый пласт графических данных по этому региону. В ходе археологических исследований, проведенных авторами, были задокументированы более 1000 камней с выбитыми рисунками в Кайши и около 200 камней в долине Малого Усека к северу от Жаркента (Панфиловский р-н, Алматинская обл.). Среди них было найдено много тамг или знаков, похожих на тамги. Некоторые знаки, представленные здесь, возможно, не являются тамгами, но опубликованы для дальнейшего обсуждения. Тамга – это родовой фамильный знак, печать, которая ставилась на родовое имущество, в том числе на крупный рогатый скот. Как правило, потомок определенного рода заимствовал тамгу своего предка и добавлял к ней дополнительный элемент или модифицировал ее. Эти тамги-знаки, высеченные в скале, датируются от раннетюркского периода (VIII в.) до начала XX в. Данная публикация представляет собой первый уровень обобщения данных по, примерно дюжине тамг и знаков, полученных в полевых условиях. Необходимо продолжать усилия по выявлению связей с археологическими памятниками и наскальными рисунками в районах, где зафиксированы тамги.
Сохранение резьбы по глине из цитадели городища Кулан
Authors: Алтынбеков Кырым , Чарлина Любовь Филипповна , Алтынбекова Элина Кырымовна 
Published: April 2022

В данной статье рассматривается полный цикл работ по сохранению резного декора, выявленного при раскопках городища Кулан в 2015 г. Была сделана попытка сохранения панелей резной глины на месте методами превентивной консервации (устройство навеса, покрытие тканью), но из-за контакта стен с массивом грунта и накопления водорастворимых солей на поверхности резьбы происходило дальнейшее разрушение резной штукатурки. В 2017 г. фрагменты панелей резной глины сняты со стен помещений цитадели для лабораторной консервации и реставрации. Снятие выполнялось осенью в условиях повышенной влажности помещения, поэтому предварительно были разработаны методы, исключающие закрепление глины путем глубинной пропитки. В лабораторных условиях для безопасного проведения реставрационных мероприятий глина была укреплена на всю толщину штукатурки путем пропитки раствором консолиданта, после чего выполнено удаление водорастворимых солей и позднейших наслоений, соединение разрозненных фрагментов, сборка на новом основании, подготовка экспозиционных панелей в соответствии с расположением сохранившейся резьбы на стенах раскопанного помещения. В процессе работ использованы как общепринятые методы реставрации монументальной живописи из археологических раскопок, так и собственные разработки научно-реставрационной лаборатории «Остров Крым». В 2021 г. отреставрированные панели переданы в Национальный музей РК.
О работе международной конференции «Маргулановские чтения–2021»
Authors: Мусаева Райхан Сериковна 
Published: April 2022

26–27 октября 2021 г. состоялась Международная научно-практическая конференция «Маргулановские чтения–2021». В ней приняли участие ученые из 15 городов Казахстана, а также стран ближнего и дальнего зарубежья: Болгарии, Китая, Кыргызстана, России, Румынии, Турции, Узбекистана. Заслушан 81 научный доклад, из которых 69 опубликованы в материалах конференции. Ведущие ученые поделись опытом научных исследований в разработках проблем эпохи камня, палеометалла, раннего железного века, средневековья и Нового времени, доложили о результатах полевых работ 2021 г. Отдельные выступления были посвящены методике проведения междисциплинарных исследований, методам консервации и реставрации археологических артефактов. Некоторые докладчики обратились к подведению итогов развития археологической науки, воспоминаниям об ушедших коллегах и их наследии. В рамках конфереции был проведен круглый стол на тему: «Археология Казахстана: актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития», на котором обсуждались вопросы отечественной археологической науки. Археологи, представители музеев, научных центров и частных организаций обсудили проблемы развития науки, правового регулирования, подготовки научных кадров и разработки единой методологии археологических исследований.
Molecular docking study involving bioactive natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 proteins
Authors: Marcelino Rodolfo Cabral , de Araújo Leonardo Pereira , Bueno de Morais Borba João , da Silveira Nelson José Freitas 
Published: April 2022

At the end of 2019, atypical cases of pneumonia accompanied by particular symptoms started being reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan. After a few weeks had passed, the aforementioned disease spread throughout China and became a global pandemic some months later. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of that atypical pneumonia, which has been named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In an attempt to find an efficient therapy to either fight the spread of COVID-19 or to cure infected people from its tissue damages, researchers around the world have been studying several plants, herbs and natural products. These potential medicines have been used for therapeutic purposes throughout the years due to the great variety of bioactive compounds characterizing them. The present work aimed to perform virtual screenings by using AutoDock Vina software to execute molecular docking studies of tridimensional (3D) structures of well-known bioactive natural compounds against 24 SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We have analyzed energy scores (provided in -Kcal/mol) as well as ligand-protein intermolecular binding interactions. In vitro and in vivo assays should be furtherly conducted to corroborate with our findings and therefore validate chemical substances derived from plants and herbs, such as <i>Punica granatum</i>, <i>Centella asiatica</i> and <i>Solanum spp</i>., as promising drug candidates to either treat or prevent COVID-19.
FUNGSI KEWENANGAN DAERAH DALAM PERENCANAAN TATA RUANG DI DAERAH PERBATASAN KABUPATEN/ KOTA
Authors: Buhar Hamja  , F Aswir , Saiful Ahmad  
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan Perencanaan Tata Ruang di Daerah Perbatasan Kabupaten dan atau Kota yang dihubungkan dengan Kewenangan Daerah. Pokok masalah yang dibahas adalah pengaturan dan praktek penataan tata ruang di daerah perbatasan Kabupaten/ Kota dihubungkan dengan kewenangan daerah.
Metode penelitian munggunakan studi pustaka yang mengacu pada teori-teori hukum dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan argumentasi kajian yang berorientasi pada pengaturan terhadap rencana tata ruang di daerah perbatasan. Penelitian ini juga adalah penelitian doktrinal (normatif), menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach).
Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah keberadaan lembaga penataan ruang daerah belum berjalan secara terpadu dan dalam satu kesatuan sistem, kebijakan yang ditetapkan masing-masing dinas atau instansi lebih banyak diwarnai oleh tugas dan fungsi yang diembannya. Kesimpulannya adalah perlu dibentuknya badan koordinasi agar bisa dapat menjembatani kepentingan-kepentingan antar daerah sehingga akan tercipta suatu pengendalian dan pengkoordinasian yang baik dan terhindar dari suatu permasalahan antara daerah serta terhindar dari disintegrasi nasional.
PEMETAAN PERSEBARAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI, KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Merli Apriyantika  
Published: April 2022

Dalam undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 2011 tentang perumahan dan kawasan permukiman, yaitu permukiman adalah bagian dari lingkungan hunian yang terdiri atas lebih dari satu satuan perumahan yang mempunyai prasarana, sarana, utilitas umum, serta mempunyai penunjang kegiatan fungsi lain di kawasan perkotaan atau kawasan perdesaan. upaya pemenuhan rumah yang layak huni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persebaran kawasan permukiman di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian ini menggabungkan data interpretasi citra satelit resolusi tinggi (Google Earth) dengan data survey di lapangan. Pada penelitian ini dibutuhkan data survey lapangan yang kemudian data survey lapangan akan dikombinasi dengan data interpretasi citra satelit (google earth), sehingga nanti akan diketahui persebaran kawasan permukiman di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang dan hasil akhir pengolahan data akan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis dengan software arc gis 10.7 untuk membuat peta persebaran kawasan permukiman di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Sehingga nanti diketahui peta persebaran kawasan permukiman di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang.
Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Shodhana processed Guggul
Authors: Taru Poonam P. , Ingale Vivek B. , Sayed Sabeena , Sakat Sachin , Bagade Om , Rai Neeta 
Published: April 2022

Shodhana is a technique that has been around since the Samhita period. Shodhana is an Ayurvedic purification treatment that involves soaking, rubbing, and washing hazardous medicinal herbs (upavishadravyas) with specialised media such as gomutra (cow's urine), Godugdha (cow's milk), Guduchi Kwath, Triphala Kwath, Pancha Tikta Kwath, Dash Moola Kwath, Nimba Patra Kwatha with Haridra Churna, Nirgundi Patra and other pharmaceutical procedures to remove the doshas. Shodhana is a significant approach for removing Doshas from practically all types of medications (impurities or toxic contents) and substances are then processed further. In the present study guggul is used and guggulu shodhana is done by using different liquid media such as distilled water, Gomutra (cow urine), Triphala Kwath. The present study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of shodhit guggul by using carrageenan-induced paw edema and Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in in Wistar Albino rats. By the pharmacological study it is concluded that the Triphala shodhit Guggul showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity as compared with Distilled water and Gomutra shodhit Guggul. Thus, the purpose of Shodhana process of Guggul is proved experimentally showing enhancement of pharmacological activity.
Effectiveness of YouTube advertisement among viewers in Chennai City
Authors: Sukanya N , Subbulakshmi S. 
Published: April 2022

Nowadays digital platform plays a prominent role in marketing. The transition from traditional marketing methods to modern marketing tools drastically changed the behavior of the viewers in their purchase decision. Outreach of a product is much more in online advertisements. Facebook, YouTube ,Instagram has created a wider platform for online advertisement . This study aims at analyzing the factors which influence the viewers of YouTube on their purchase decision. This study also aims at understanding the perception of the viewers towards YouTube advertisement. The study was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire and sample size used for the study is 100.The statistical tools used for the study are percentage analysis, weighted average, One way ANOVA and factor analysis. This study helps to find out the the effectiveness of YouTube advertisement. This study suggest that most watched videos should be chosen for giving ads so that numerous viewers watch the advertisement effectively. Efforts can be taken by the advertisers for creating interest level among viewers so that viewers spend their time in watching the videos without skipping the ads.
effect of the treatment with salve of topical tintir castor bark extract (jatropha multifida l) on the number of fibroblast, fibrin formation, and density of collagen in the wound healing process of the rat with the acute injury model
Authors: Junaiddin Junaiddin , Bambungan Yulinda M , Etnis Baktianita Ratna , Untari Untari , Siagian Jenni Lilis S , Wahyuni MPH , Su Hansen Maikel , Arianto M. Faizal , Livana PH , Amir Haeril 
Published: April 2022

The use of tradisional medicine in indonesia is part of the culture of the nation and much utilized by society. This study aimed to determine the effect of of the Treatment With Salve Of Topikal Tintir Castor Bark Extract (Jatropha Multifida L) on the Number of Fibroblast, Fibrin, Formation, And Density of Collagen In The Wound Healing Process of The Rat With The Acute Injury Model through excision diameter of 0.8 cm x 0.8 on the rat back. The research was conducted in the Animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and the Education Animal Clinic(KHP), UNHAS. The method used in this research is the post-test control group design only. The sample consisted of 45 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (Vaseline), positive control (Oxcytetracilin 3%) and extract stem tintir distance. Data analysis using one way test anova. The study results indicated that on day 3(tree) the fibroblast showed an significant differences between groups of negative group and the tintir castro stem group of 10% (p=0.081) and there was an significant between the positive group and the tintir castro stem group of 10% (p=0.167); and on day 7(seven) and day 14, there was a difference but significant.
Methods of measuring winds and temperatures in the upper atmosphere with small rockets
Authors: RAO M. S. V. , SIKDAR D. N. 
Published: April 2022

The Indian Meteorological Rocket Launching Programme was initiated at Thumba on 14 July 1964. During the following six months seven Judi-Dart rockets and eleven test rockets were fired. The chaff payload released from the Judi-Dart rockets were tracked by an MPS-19 radar system. The data thus collected were reduced following a method which is a simple adaptation of the India Meteorological Department graphical technique.

This paper includes a description of the Judi-Dart and test rockets as well as the radar system. The method of data reduction employed at Thumba is explained with an actual example. A comparison is drawn between this method and the one employed in the U.S.A. (Wallops station).

A few remarks are added on the present International ROCOB Code in the light of the experience gained at Thumba.

A brief survey is also included of techniques of measuring winds and temperatures with small meteorological rockets which are currently in use in other countries and some of which may be adopted at Thumba in future.
Spectra and gross features of vertical temperature and salinity profiles off the central west coast of India
Authors: ARKEY MJV 
Published: April 2022

Continuous vertical profiles of temperature and salinity recorded by a CTD-system from the continental slope and the continental rise off Goa, west coast of India, were used for delineating the gross statistical features of the fine structure and to understand the underlying physical processes. Spectra of temperature and salinity fluctuations from the different stations showed similar patterns and trend of decrease to a wave length of about 10 m, generally with a crest like feature at 20 m wave length. The estimates of spectral density for temperature and salinity were comparatively very high for low wave numbers and showed a difference varying from 1.5 to 2 decades. The spectra for the range 0-0.11 cy /m computed using the perturbation series from a First Difference filter and corrected for the filter-response followed an average slope of -2.9 (range: -2.57 to -3.43 and std. dev. : .-0.3) and --2.6 (range: -2.05 to -3.15 and std. dev. : --0.36) with correlation coefficients -0.96 and -0.92 for temperature and salinity respectively. Coherency estimates were high (> 0.8) for the range 0-0.02 cy /m and were independent of the distance between stations showing the spatial homogeneity of low wave number processes.. Correlation coefficients between T` and S` and the individual standard deviations for different layers increased with increasing filter length and generally decreased with depth. Both horizontal and vertical mixing processes were very active in the upper water column (0-250 m). In the deeper layers, > 500 m. non-isopycnal mixing processes were found to be active.
Vorticity of vector change of wind during 24 hours related to spatial distribution of rainfall during the next 24 hours.
Authors: SAXENA VP 
Published: April 2022

From the study of wind changes at various levels over Indian area during the monsoon period, it is seen that the stream-lines of 24-ho.ur wind changes contain cyclonic and anti-cyclonic vortices, which are not indicated in the stream-line analysis of the actual wind flow at these levels on the day of forecast. The regions of these vortices are sometimes associated with rainfall over that area during the subsequent 24 hours. However, it is not too often that well defined cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation of wind changes which obviously indicate large positive or negative vorticity changes occur. Thus, in order to know the vorticity changes in the area concerned, the actual value of the change is calculated.
Vector wind changes at 00 GMT on the day of forecast with respect to its previous day are calculated at 850 mb for all PB/RW stations. The area is divided: into a number of triangles by joining these stations suitably taking care' that the triangles so formed are more or less equilateral.Vorticity of these triangular areas are calculated with the help of Bellamy's grid. The vertical component of the vorticity in the area is related to the rainfall which occurs during the next 24 hours. A forecast scheme is suggested for prediction of spatial distribution of rainfall during the next 24 hours.
An international library for numerical analysis: INTERLIB
Authors: PIRONNEAU O 
Published: April 2022

Softwares for numerical analysis may be classified into groups: the currently available softwares, the easy-to-write-yourself softwares and the hard-to-find-modern-software.
INTERLIB is an international pool of users of the third kind of softwares who realize that it is very difficult to use your friend's software if it is not properly documented.
Methods After a trial period of one year some general principles can be stated on what to do in such a library which is built from independent contributions. The present state of the library will also be presented: it contains mostly Fortran routines for the solution of partial differential equations but, it is in principle by no means limited to this field.
The Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, has decided to join INTERLIB, therefore, any routine of INTERLIB is available to the attendant through them.