bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New, Innovative, Three-Dimensional In Vivo Model for High-Level Microsurgical and Supermicrosurgical Training: A Replacement for Animal Models
Authors: Pion Eric , Zucal Isabel , Troebs Johannes , Feder Anna-Lena , Kyaw Thura , Khin Sopyay , Heidekrueger Paul I. , Prantl Lukas , Härteis Silke , Aung Thiha 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Microsurgery and supermicrosurgery are surgical subdomains necessary for a large variety of surgical disciplines. So far, there is no training model for lymphatic surgery or perforator flap surgery, and the most commonly used microsurgical training models are living animals. However, the ethical principles of replacement, refinement, and reduction (the three Rs) of living animals for training purposes were implemented, highlighting the necessity of an animal-sparing microsurgical training model. Formed during embryogenesis, the chick chorioallantoic membrane resembles a highly vascularized, noninnervated membrane within fertilized chicken eggs. The aim of this study was to utilize the chorioallantoic membrane model as an innovative and versatile training model for supermicrosurgery and microsurgery that can reduce the number of animals used for these purposes. The variety of different sized vessels for the implementation of an anastomosis proved the chorioallantoic membrane model as a well-functioning supermicrosurgical and microsurgical training model. The circulatory system is resilient enough to withstand the mechanical stress applied to the tissue, and the patency of the implemented anastomosis can be tested for the verification of the procedures. In summary, the integration of the chorioallantoic membrane model into a surgical training program can benefit its quality by representing a realistic anatomical and physiological model with a high variety of vascular structures. Moreover, the chorioallantoic membrane model satisfies the principles of replacement, refinement, and reduction as an animal-sparing model, indicating the potential of this model as an innovative microsurgical training model for the improvement of surgical skills.
Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Renal-Competent COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Computed Chest Angiography
Authors: Sedaghat Farzad , Vadvala Harshna V. , Shan Alan , McMahon Michael T. , Gawande Rakhee S. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
COVID-19 infection poses a significant risk of both renal injury and pulmonary embolism, producing a clinical challenge, as the criterion standard examination for pulmonary embolism, computed tomography angiography (CTA), requires the use of nephrotoxic iodinated contrast agents.
Our investigation evaluated whether symptomatic COVID-19–positive patients without laboratory evidence of renal impairment are at increased risk for developing contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI).

Method
All COVID-19–positive patients undergoing noncontrast chest computed tomography and CTA at an apex tertiary medical center between March 1 and December 10, 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 258 renal-competent (estimated glomerular filtration rate >30) patients with baseline and 48- to 72-hour postexamination creatinine measurements were identified and analyzed for incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) meeting the criteria for CA-AKI.

Results
Twenty-five of 191 patients undergoing CTA (13.1%) and 9 of the 67 undergoing noncontrast computed tomography (13.4%) experienced creatinine increases meeting the criteria for CA-AKI. Univariate and multivariate analyses accounting for known AKI risk factors revealed no correlation between iodinated contrast administration and the incidence AKI meeting the criteria for CA-AKI (univariable odds ratio, 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.43–2.20]; multivariable odds ratio, 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.40–2.36]).

Conclusions
Renal-competent COVID-19 patients undergoing chest CTA may not have an increased risk of AKI. Additional studies are needed to confirm this preliminary finding.
The pathogenesis of neurologic symptoms of the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Walitt Brian , Johnson Tory P. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has resulted in significant mortality and morbidity globally. Patients who survive infection may develop continuing disease collectively known as the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC), which includes neurologic symptoms especially fatigue and cognitive impairment. The pathogenic mechanisms driving PASC are unknown although a postinfectious process, persistent infection, or lasting pathophysiological changes that occur during acute infection are all suspected to contribute.

Recent findings
Here we review the current evidence underlying potential pathogenic mechanisms of the neurological complications of PASC with particular emphasis on the evidence for postinfectious immune processes and viral persistence.

Summary
Immune dysregulation favoring persistent inflammation, including neuroinflammation and enhanced autoimmunity, are present in patients with COVID and likely contribute to the development of PASC. Limited evidence of viral persistence exists but may explain the ongoing inflammatory processes and affinity maturation observed in some patients recovering from COVID infections. No specific studies to date have tied persistent infection to PASC. CNS trauma, in particular hypoxic changes in the CNS, and psychiatric complications occur with greater frequency in patients with COVID and may contribute to the development of PASC. Future research is needed to fully understand the pathophysiological mechanisms driving PASC.
Triggers of migraine: where do we stand?
Authors: Martinelli D. , Pocora M.M. , De Icco R. , Putortì A. , Tassorelli Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
In this review, we illustrate and discuss the recent findings regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of migraine triggers and their implications in clinical practice.

Recent findings
Data from the literature suggest that individual triggers fail to provoke migraine attack in experimental settings. It is therefore possible that more triggers acting in combination are needed to induce an attack by promoting some degree of brain dysfunction and thus increasing the vulnerability to migraine. Caution is however needed, because some of the factors rated as triggers by the patients may actually be a component of the clinical picture of migraine attacks.

Summary
Trigger factors of migraine are endogenous or exogenous elements associated with an increased likelihood of an attack in a short period of time and are reported by up to 75.9% of patients. Triggers must be differentiated from premonitory symptoms that precede the headache phase but do not have a causative role in attack provocation, being rather the very first manifestations of the attack. Identification of real triggers is an important step in the management of migraine. Vice versa, promoting an active avoiding behaviour toward factors whose role as triggers is not certain would be ineffective and even frustrating for patients.
Promoting physical activity for mental health: an updated evidence review and practical guide
Authors: McKeon Grace , Curtis Jackie , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to provide psychiatrists with the knowledge, tools and guidance to support physical activity promotion in clinical practice. The review also aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the evidence regarding physical activity in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in adults.

Recent findings
There is emerging evidence demonstrating that physical activity can protect against incident anxiety and depression. There is robust evidence showing that physical activity is an effective adjunct treatment strategy for depressive disorders and anxiety and stress-related disorders, with emerging evidence for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Translation of this evidence into practice is in general ad hoc, and large physical health disparities for people with mental disorders persist. The reasons for this are multifactorial, and include the intersection of social, economic and personal barriers to physical activity. Evidence-based approaches include regular screening of physical activity levels, staff culture change within mental health services and established referral pathways.

Summary
Translation of evidence regarding physical activity for mental health into routine programmes is critical. Efforts to move beyond solely targeting individual-level barriers to physical activity and address systemic barriers include lack of access to appropriate exercise services. This requires consideration of training needs, service structure and culture change.
Methylophaga pinxianii sp. nov., isolated from the Mariana Trench
Authors: Wei Ting-Ting , Zhang Ru-Yi , Quan Zhe-Xue 
Published: June 2022

Two strains, TMB456T and TMB1265, were isolated from different locations in the Mariana Trench. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and genomic rRNA sequences indicated that they were from the same novel species and were affiliated with the genus

Methylophaga

of the class

Gammaproteobacteria

. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the most closely related validly published species were

Methylophaga muralis

Kr3T (98.1 % similarity) and

Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens

JAM1T (97.3 % similarity). Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of TMB456T with

M. muralis

Kr3T and

M. nitratireducenticrescens

JAM1T were <25 %. The average nucleotide identity value between strain TMB456T and

M. muralis

Kr3T was 80.9 %. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains TMB456T and TMB1265 were both 44.9 mol %. Strains TMB456T and TMB1265 could grow at 4–37 °C (optimum at 20–28 °C), at pH 3–10 (optimum at pH 7–9) and in the presence of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0–1 %). Cells of strains TMB456T and TMB1265 were Gram-negative rods (0.3–0.6 µm×0.7–1.3 µm). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that ubiquinone 8 was the sole quinone produced by strain TMB456T and that the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c). The polar lipid profile of this strain included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strains TMB456T and TMB1265 belong to a novel species within the genus

Methylophaga

, for which the name Methylophaga pinxianii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TMB456T (=KCTC 82622T= MCCC 1K05898T).
Origins and Evolution of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Otieno JR , Cherry JL , Spiro DJ , Nelson MI , Trovao NS 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFour seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoVs) are endemic globally (229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), accounting for 5-30% of human respiratory infections. However, the epidemiology and evolution of these CoVs remain understudied due to their association with mild symptomatology. Using a multigene and complete genomes analysis approach, we find the evolutionary histories of sHCoVs to be more complex than previously recognized, owing to frequent recombination of CoVs, including within and between sHCoVs. Within sHCoV recombination rate was highest for 229E and OC43, and within genus highest for betaCoVs, whereas substitutions per recombination event inversely highest in NL63 and HKU1, and the alphaCoVs. Depending on the gene studied, OC43 may have ungulate, canine, or rabbit CoV ancestors, while 229E may have origins in a bat, camel or an unsampled intermediate host. HKU1 had the earliest most recent common ancestor (MRCA: 1809-1899), comprised two genetically divergent genotypes (A and B) possibly representing two independent transmission events from murine CoVs, and genotype B was genetically more diverse than all the other sHCoVs. Finally, we found shared amino acid substitutions in multiple proteins along the non-human to sHCoV host-jump branches. The complex evolution of CoVs and their frequent host switches could benefit from continued surveillance of CoVs across non-human hosts.
The TonB dependent uptake of pyrroloquinoline-quinone (PQQ) and secretion of gluconate by Escherichia coli K-12
Authors: Hantke Klaus , Friz Simon 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGlucose is taken up by Escherichia coli through the phosphotransferase system (PTS) as the preferred carbon source. PTS mutants grow with glucose as a carbon source only in the presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), which is needed as a redox cofactor for the glucose dehydrogenase Gcd. The membrane-anchored Gcd enzyme oxidizes glucose to gluconolactone in the periplasm. For this reaction to occur, external supply of PQQ is required as E. coli is unable to produce PQQ de novo. Growth experiments show that PqqU (YncD) is the TonB-ExbBD dependent transporter for PQQ through the outer membrane. PQQ protected the cells from the PqqU dependent phage IsaakIselin (Bas10) by competition for the receptor protein. As a high affinity uptake system PqqU allows E. coli to activate Gcd even at surrounding PQQ concentrations of about 1 nmol/l. At about 30 fold higher PQQ concentrations the activation of Gcd gets PqqU independent. Due to its small size Pqq may also pass the outer membrane through porins. The PQQ dependent production of gluconate has been demonstrated in many plant growth promoting bacteria that solubilise phosphate minerals in the soil by secreting this acid. Under Pi limiting conditions also E. coli induces the glucose dehydrogenase and secretes gluconate, even in absence of PTS, that is, even when the bacterium is unable to grow on glucose without PQQ.
Instagram for student learning and library promotions: a quantitative study using the 5E Instructional Model
Authors: Lam Apple Hiu Ching , Ho Kevin K.W. , Chiu Dickson K.W. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeLibraries worldwide, including Hong Kong, increasingly use social media tools to introduce and promote their services and resources to users. Instagram, in particular, is used to target younger users. This study investigates the effectiveness of Instagram in promoting library services and university students' perceptions of the value of Instagram as a learning support tool.Design/methodology/approachA major academic library in Hong Kong was chosen for this study. Library users' habits, perceptions, preferences, and views on Instagram's effectiveness as a learning support tool were compared in two age groups. The data were collected using a survey based on the 5E Instructional Model.FindingsDespite the significantly higher frequency of Instagram use by younger students, the results showed that Instagram was probably an ineffective promotion platform for either age group because of low user engagement, relatively neutral perception of Instagram as a learning support tool, and notably low user acceptance of Instagram as a promotional tool.Originality/valueStudies of student perspectives on various social media tools have increased; however, few have explored the use of Instagram, especially in Hong Kong or Asia. This study provides researchers and librarians with practical insights into current Instagram users' engagement, perceptions, and preferences and their view of its effectiveness as a learning support tool. The study also provides suggestions for improving the current situation.
The influence of digital entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation on intention of family businesses to adopt artificial intelligence: examining the mediating role of business innovativeness
Authors: Upadhyay Nitin , Upadhyay Shalini , Al-Debei Mutaz M. , Baabdullah Abdullah M. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the adoption intention of artificial intelligence (AI) in family businesses through the perspectives of digital entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines contributing factors explaining the adoption intention of AI in the context of family businesses. The developed research model is examined and validated using structural equation modelling based on 631 respondents' data. Purposeful sampling is used to collect the respondents' data.FindingsThe proposed model included two endogenous (i.e. business innovativeness and adoption intention) and six exogenous variables (i.e. affordances, culture and flexible design, entrepreneurial orientation, generativity, openness and technology orientation) through ten direct paths and three indirect paths. The results depicted the significant influence of all the exogenous variables on the endogenous variable reflecting support of all the hypotheses. The business innovativeness partially mediates the relationships of culture and flexible design, entrepreneurial orientation and technology orientation with adoption intention. Further, the results demonstrated a model variance of 24.6% for business innovativeness and 64.2% for adoption intention of artificial intelligence in the family business.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to theoretical developments in entrepreneurship and family business research and AI's theoretical progress, especially to digital entrepreneurship.Originality/valueTheoretically, it contributes to the literature of entrepreneurship, particularly digital entrepreneurship. Additionally, the research model adds to the role of entrepreneurial orientation and digital entrepreneurship in the emerging family entrepreneurship literature. Considering the scarcity of research in this field, the empirically validated model explaining critical antecedents of AI adoption intention in the family business is a foundation for discussion, critique and future research.
An exploration of applicability of social constructivism approach in distance learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic; the case study of Hail University (UOH)
Authors: Abdullah Alkhabra Saleh 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe study aimed to explore and understand the perceptions of students, teachers and management about the distance learning and student learning at University of Hail (UOH) amid the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify whether student learning needs are being addressed in (UOH). This is facilitated through the use of interaction of distance learner with their peer groups, faculty members and assistants using different modes of interactions such as computers, internets such as chats and yahoo groups and mobile phones. These features of UOH approach toward learning are among the constructivist approach.Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology was used to attain the objectives of this study. Looking into the nature, aim and objectives of the research study, semi-structured interviews were suitable and case studies, in total 11 interviews were conducted; five interviews were conducted from the students, three from the faculty members and three from the university administration. An interview guide was developed to conduct the interviews on the basis of themes such as training and development, performance management and firm performance. The data analysis suggests that UOH adopts quite a lot of main features of social constructivist approach of learning and teaching. This study finds that UOH adopts student-centered approach and provides the students opportunities to learn from real-life scenarios through case studies and projects.FindingsThis study has certain important theoretical contributions and implications for policy makers and managers; this study contributes to the distance learning education literature by exploring and understanding the perceptions of students, faculty members and management about the learning at UOH. The results of this study may be used by teachers and other instructional designers to improve materials for emergency distance learning.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contains certain limitations. One key limitation is the limited number of interviews originating from lack of time and problems in accessing the university. Hence, more interviews would have provided a more detailed picture of the learning at UOH. Another limitation is the context based nature of this study, not allowing generalization of the results. Nevertheless, generalizations were not amongst the purposes of this study and hence were never intended. Due to this limitation findings can be argued as applicable and meaningful to a certain degree as determined by other researchers and practitioners.Originality/valueThis research also focuses on the social constructivist approach to distance learning by examining and analyzing how learning at UOH appears to align with the constructivist approach's learning values.
Hybridized neural network inspired behavioural modelling of pneumatic artificial muscles for assistive robotic applications
Authors: Arora Aman , Sarkar Debadrata , Majumder Arunabha , Sen Soumen , Roy Shibendu Shekhar 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to devise a first-of-its-kind methodology to determine the design, operating conditions and actuation strategy of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) for assistive robotic applications. This requires extensive characterization, data set generation and meaningful modelling between PAM characteristics and design variables. Such a characterization should cover a wide range of design and operation parameters. This is a stepping stone towards generating a design guide for this highly popular compliant actuator, just like any conventional element of a mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
Characterization of a large pool of custom fabricated PAMs of varying designs is performed to determine their static and dynamic behaviours. Metaheuristic optimizer-based artificial neural network (ANN) structures are used to determine eight different models representing PAM behaviour. The assistance of knee flexion during level walking is targeted for evaluating the applicability of the developed actuator by attaching a PAM across the joint. Accordingly, the PAM design and the actuation strategy are optimized through a tabletop emulator.

Findings
The dependence of passive length, static contraction, dynamic step response for inflation and deflation of the PAMs on their design dimensions and operating parameters is successfully modelled by the ANNs. The efficacy of these models is investigated to successfully optimize the PAM design, operation parameters and actuation strategy for using a PAM in assisting knee flexion in human gait.

Originality/value
Characterization of static and the dynamic behaviour of a large pool of PAMs with varying designs over a wide range of operating conditions is the novel feature in this article. A lucid customizable fabrication technique is discussed to obtain a wide variety of PAM designs. Metaheuristic-based ANNs are used for tackling high non-linearity in data while modelling the PAM behaviour. An innovative tabletop emulator is used for investigating the utility of the models in the possible application of PAMs in assistive robotics.