bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐level termite methane production rates
Authors: Zhou Yong , Staver A. Carla , Davies Andrew B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTermites consume substantial amounts of plant material across tropical and subtropical ecosystems. During the process of lignocellulose digestion, the symbiotic methanogenesis within termites' guts produces the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Termites contribute an estimated 1%–5% of global CH4 emissions, with these estimates derived from the product of termite biomass and termite CH4 production rate per unit of termite biomass. However, termite CH4 production rates vary significantly across species, genus, family, and feeding group, yet our understanding of this variation remains poor. Here, we reviewed papers published from 1975 to 2021 to create a single consistently derived list of species‐level termite CH4 production rates. We searched the Google Scholar using two key words: termite and methane. We only included studies that had measured termite CH4 production rates using the incubation method. For each eligible study, we extracted and tabulated termite CH4 production rates and other relevant variables (e.g., feeding groups). We used μg CH4 g−1(termite) h−1 as the standardized unit, and if other units were presented, we converted them into this standardized unit. Overall, these data include 134 termite species from 65 genera and 5 families. Termite CH4 production rates ranged from 0 to 25.26 μg CH4 g−1(termite) h−1, with an average rate of 3.74 (standard deviation = 4.08, n = 251). Reported CH4 production rates were largely concentrated in the family Termitidae. Across feeding groups, soil feeders tended to have higher CH4 production rates than wood feeders. However, published data represent fewer than 5% of described termite species, and therefore we hope that our study will initiate a community‐wide effort to fill data gaps and advance our understanding of the role of termites in critical biogeochemical cycles and other ecosystem processes. The data set is in the public domain under a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license waiver.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Single‐Use Waste Polyethylene for the Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Using Modified Bentonite Catalyst
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Shuva Zunayed Mahmud , Rahman Md. Arifur , Ahmed Nafees , Sharmin Ayesha , Laboni Aysha Akter , Khan Mala , Islam Md. Waliul , Al‐Mamun Md. , Roy Subrata Chandra , Saha Joyanta K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBentonite has been modified using H2SO4 at various concentrations to alter the Si/Al ratio that is responsible for catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene. The XRF analysis confirmed a gradual decrease of Al2O3 content with an increasing concentration of H2SO4. The highest liquid hydrocarbon yield (87.48 %) was obtained at a Si/Al ratio of 34.24. To further activate acid‐modified bentonite, bimetals (Cu/Ni, Fe/Ni, and Co/Ni) impregnation was conducted. The catalytic performance was compared with monometals (Ru, Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe) impregnated bentonite counterparts. The Co, Ni, or Cu impregnated bentonite catalysts (with 86, 83, and 86 % yield respectively) outperformed Fe and Ru impregnated bentonite catalysts (with 68 % and 79 % yield respectively). However, bimetallic (Cu/Ni, Fe/Ni and Co/Ni) catalysts provided less amount of liquid (70–80 %). The Fe/bentonite and Fe/Ni/bentonite increased the amount of 2‐Octene, 3,7‐dimethyl‐, (Z) compared to acid‐treated bentonite and Ni/ bentonite catalysts. Moreover, Fe/Ni/bentonite has also increased the amount of 2‐Octene, 2,6‐dimethyl. The BET analysis shows that both surface area and pore diameter increased due to acid treatment resulting in an increase in the percent yield of liquid compared to raw bentonite.
Diastereoselective Preparation of Spiro[2,3‐dihydrofuran‐3,3’‐oxindole] Derivatives by an Atom‐Economic Tandem Reaction in Water
Authors: Yao Wen‐Bo , Chen Li‐Jun , Xie Xuan‐Sheng , Cui Meng , Xie Jian‐Wu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA catalyst‐free tandem reaction was developed for the clean synthesis of spiro[2,3‐dihydrofuran‐3,3’‐oxindole] derivatives from 2‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)malononitriles and aldehydes in water. This method has an extensive substrate scope. The targeted products were easily isolated by filtration in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. The reaction also features numerous advantages, including step/atom economy, both catalyst and additive‐free, no organic solvents, simple work‐up, short reaction times, and environmentally friendly conditions. The present strategy utilizes simple conditions, demonstrating the potential application in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds.
Bifunctional Sulfonamide as Hydrogen Bonding Catalyst in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions: Concept and Application in the Past Decade
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Ren , Xu Jie , Jiang Hui‐Fang , Fang Rui‐Jing , Zhang Yan‐Jun , Chen Lu , Sun Chen , Xiong Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the first report of bifunctional sulfonamide organocatalysts in 2004, these chiral compounds have proven to be a reliable hydrogen‐bonding catalyst and have been wildly employed in asymmetric organocatalysis due to its strong acidity and self‐aggregation‐free property. Herein, we review the application of bifunctional sulfonamide as hydrogen‐bonding catalyst after 2011, and our highlights will cover asymmetric process including aldol reaction, Michael addition, Mannich reaction, desymmetrization and cyclization.
Incidence and risk factors for central nervous system relapse in patients with primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era
Authors: Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Panitsas Fotios , Mellios Zois , Apostolidis John , Michael Michalis , Gurion Ronit , Ferhanoglu Burhan , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Karakatsanis Stamatios , Dimou Maria , Kalpadakis Christina , Katodritou Eirini , Leonidopoulou Theoni , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Giatra Hara , Kanellias Nick , Sayyed Ayman , Tadmor Tamar , Akay Olga Meltem , Angelopoulou Maria K. , Horowitz Netanel , Bakiri Maria , Pangalis Gerassimos A. , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Papageorgiou Sotirios G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare in primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma (PMLBCL). We aimed to evaluate the incidence of CNS relapse as first treatment failure event and the effect of the induction chemotherapy regimen, central nervous system ‐ international prognostic index (CNS‐IPI) and other clinical and laboratory variables on the risk of CNS relapse in 564 PMLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Only 17 patients (3.0%) received CNS prophylaxis. During a 55‐month median follow‐up only 8 patients experienced CNS relapse as first event, always isolated. The 2‐year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse (CI‐CNSR) was 1.47% and remained unchanged thereafter. The CI‐CNSR was not affected by the chemotherapy regimen (R‐CHOP or R‐da‐EPOCH). None of the established International Prognostic Index factors for aggressive lymphomas predicted CNS relapse in PMLBCL. The 2‐year CI‐CNSR in patients with versus without kidney involvement was 13.3% versus 0.96% (p < 0.001); 14.3% versus 1.13% with versus without adrenal involvement (p < 0.001); and 10.2% versus 0.97% with versus without either kidney or adrenal involvement. CNS‐IPI was also predictive (2‐year CI‐CNSR in high‐risk vs. intermediate/low‐risk: 10.37% vs. 0.84%, p < 0.001). However, this association may be driven mainly by kidney and/or adrenal involvement. In conclusion, in PMLBCL, CNS relapse is rare and appears to be strongly associated with kidney and/or adrenal involvement.
The characteristics and outcomes of COVID‐19 among diabetic patients in Wad‐Medani isolation center from September to December 2020: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mustafa Maali , Attaallah Alaaeldeen , Amir Osman , Elbalal Moawia , Gibriel Abdallah Abd AL‐Kareem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCorona virus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is a recently discovered infection that transmitted briskly worldwide. In this disease (COVID‐19), it was discovered that several disorders, such diabetes, increased the severity and fatality rate. Until now, studies investigating the correlation between diabetes and COVID‐19 in Sudan have not yet been conducted. Thus we aimed to evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of COVID‐19 among diabetic patientsMethodsA prospective study included 70 diabetic patients with COVID‐19 in Wad‐Medani Isolation Center from September to December 2020. Data concerning demographics and clinical characteristics, as well as outcomes were collected.ResultsOut of 70 patients, 46 (66%) were men and 24 (34%) were women; the average age was 63 ± 12 years. In diabetes mellitus (DM) types, 69 (98.6%) patient were T2DM. The average of DM duration was 10 ± 6.2 years. Insulin was the major DM medication used by more one‐half of study patients (n = 37; 52.9%). Newly discovered DM after COVD‐19 infection was encountered in 5 (7.1%) patients. Most of the study subjects (n = 44; 63%) had moderately severe form of disease. Hypertension was the commonest comorbid in 29 (41.4%) patients. The intensive care unit admission rate among our study group was 10% (n = 7). The mortality rate among our study patients was found to be 11.4% (n = 8). Dead patients were significantly had high HbA1c levels (11.6 ± 7% vs. 8.8 ± 5%; p = 0.001). Additionally, all individuals with a severe COVID‐19 illness (n = 6; 100%) were dead comparing to no patient died with mild covid illness and 4.5% patients with moderately severe infection (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of COVID‐19 diabetic patients were males and older in age. Most of the patients presented with moderate severity and moderately uncontrolled DM. Hypertension was the major comorbidity. The mortality rate was as high as 11.4% and associated with high HbA1c levels and severe form of COVID‐19 as well.
Characteristics of MHD nanofluid flow towards a vertical cone under convective cross‐diffusion effects through numerical solutions
Authors: Sathyanarayana M. , Ramakrishna Goud T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the aim is to find the numerical solutions of steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary‐layer nanofluid flow towards a vertical cone in the presence of thermal diffusion, diffusion thermo, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion effects subject to porous medium and convective boundary condition. For this investigation, the method of similarity transformations is used for the objective of converting nonlinear partial differential equations into the system of ordinary differential equations. Approximate solutions are obtained using a numerical method of the Runge–Kutta method with the shooting technique for the flow, heat, and mass transfer equations together with boundary conditions. For this flow, the impact of various engineering parameters on MHD, thermal, and solutal boundary layers is investigated and the results are displayed graphically. In addition, the numerical values of the local skin‐friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer, and rate of mass transfer coefficients are calculated, and the results are presented numerically. Finally, the comparison with previously published work is made and found in good agreement.
Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic risk factors for uterine artery arteriosclerosis: Insights for uterus transplantation
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Renzulli Federica , Raimondo Ivano , Raspollini Arianna , Rovero Giulia , Franceschini Camilla , Maletta Manuela , Carbone Luigi , Lenzi Jacopo , Mollo Antonio , Seracchioli Renato , Casadio Paolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence in women undergoing total hysterectomy for benign diseases, and any associations between clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound factors and uterine artery arteriosclerosis occurrence.MethodsA single center, observational, prospective, cohort study was performed enrolling all symptomatic patients scheduled for total hysterectomy from May to December 2021. Our outcomes were: uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence and the difference in clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic factors between patients with and without uterine artery arteriosclerosis.ResultsForty women were included. Uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence was 70%. Body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.04) were significantly higher in patients with uterine artery arteriosclerosis than in patients without; while high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.02) was significantly lower. Uterine arteries with arteriosclerosis showed higher peak systolic velocity (PSV) values compared with vessels without arteriosclerosis (P = 0.05).ConclusionsUterine artery arteriosclerosis shows a high prevalence in women undergoing total hysterectomy for benign diseases. Higher BMI, serum triglycerides, and PSV, and lower serum HDL appear as risk factors for uterine artery arteriosclerosis.
Overexpression of Copines‐1 is associated with clinicopathological parameters and poor outcome in gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Yingjing , Ge Rong , Jia Xiupeng , Ge Congshan , Cen Youqing , Pan Deng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCopines‐1 (CPNE1) is a soluble membrane‐binding protein that includes two tandem C2 domains at the N‐terminus and a C terminal A domain. Importantly, it is associated with the prognosis of various tumors, but there are only a few studies regarding the role of CPNE1 in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological significance and prognostic potential of CPNE1 expression in GC.MethodsData from the TIMER2.0 and UALCAN were analyzed to assess CPNE1 mRNA levels in GC. The prognostic role of CPNE1 mRNA was examined via the Kaplan–Meier plotter. CPNE1 protein expression in tumor tissues was analyzed via immunohistochemistry of clinical samples from 99 GC patients. The relationship of CPNE1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.ResultsCopines‐1 mRNA levels were higher in GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissue (ANT) (p < 0.05). Further, high CPNE1 mRNA expression indicated poor OS (p = 9.4 e‐10) and was significantly associated with first progression (FP) (p = 1.6 e‐06) and post‐progression survival (PPS) (p = 1.5 e‐12). In addition, CPNE1 protein expression was higher in GC tissues than in ANT (p < 0.0001). Moreover, CPNE1 high expression was significantly related to advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003), and vascular invasion (p = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that GC patients with high expression CPNE1 group had worse OS than low expression group (p = 0.003). Univariate analysis showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.992; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.009–3.934; p = 0.047), advanced TNM stage (HR = 4.941; 95% CI, 2.052–11.897; p = 0.000), tumor invasion (HR = 3.472; 95% CI, 1.349–8.937; p = 0.010), lymph node metastasis (HR = 8.846; 95% CI, 2.708–28.897; p = 0.000), vascular invasion (HR = 3.237; 95% CI, 1.521–6.891; p = 0.002), nervous invasion (HR = 2.324; 95% CI, 1.205–4.479; p = 0.012), and CPNE1 expression (HR = 3.464; 95% CI, 1.440–8.334; p = 0.006) were correlated with OS. In the multivariate analysis, age (HR = 2.514; 95% CI, 1.264–4.999; p = 0.009), lymph node metastasis (HR = 8.441; 95% CI, 2.553–27.906; p < 0.05), and CPNE1 expression (HR = 2.549; 95% CI, 1.051–6.186; p = 0.039) were significant prognostic predictors for GC.ConclusionsCopines‐1 overexpression in GC is significantly associated with poor prognosis. Thus, CPNE1 levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker in GC patients.
The rise of chatbots: The effect of using chatbot agents on consumers' responses to request rejection
Authors: Yu Shubin , Xiong Ji (Jill) , Shen Hao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research investigates consumers’ perceptions and evaluations of robot service agents compared with human service agents when service requests are rejected. Six studies were conducted. The results show that when consumers receive a rejection of their service request, they evaluate the service less negatively if the service is handled by a chatbot agent versus a human agent. The reason is that consumers have lower expectations that robots will be able to provide flexible services to them. Consequently, their dissatisfaction with the request rejection is lower when the service is handled by robots. However, the aforementioned effect is not observed (1) when consumers have not experienced the service yet, (2) when their service request has been accepted, or (3) when the service agent conveys emotions to apologize for request rejection.
Characterization of nutrient runoff from perennial and annual forages following broiler litter application
Authors: Katuwal S. , Ashworth A. J. , Moore P. A. , Owens P. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation on how forage species influence sediment and nutrient transport in runoff is required for limiting non‐point source pollution from broiler litter applications. In this study, we examined the effects of five forage species (eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], Kernza [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], silphium [Silphium integrifolium Michx.], switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], and winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) on runoff nutrient losses from broiler litter–amended (5.6 Mg ha−1) and non‐amended plots (control) following four simulated rainfall (5 cm h−1) events that were applied to these plots in late spring and early fall of 2019 and 2021. Runoff collected for 30 min was analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrients (total organic carbon [TOC], soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP], total dissolved phosphorus [TDP], total phosphorus [TP], total nitrogen [TN], ammonium‐nitrogen [NH4–N], and nitrate‐nitrogen [NO3–N]). Total sediment and nutrient losses increased 5‐ to 19‐fold following litter application for all species, which reduced to background levels during fall rainfall events. Across the four simulated rainfall events, switchgrass resulted in lower cumulative losses of TSS, TOC, SRP, TDP, TP, and NO3–N than gamagrass and wheat but did not differ from Kernza and silphium for litter‐amended treatments. The performance of newly introduced perennial crops (Kernza and silphium) was similar or better than that of gamagrass in terms of cumulative runoff sediment and nutrient losses. Results show high potential for Kernza, silphium, and switchgrass to improve water quality when used in forage–vegetative filter strip systems.
Impact of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2 variants in predicting prognosis and clinical outcomes of north Indian lung cancer patients undergoing platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy
Authors: Sharma Parul , Singh Navneet , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundABC transporters are membrane proteins expressed in the lungs and are crucial for efflux of various chemotherapeutic agents. Polymorphisms of ABC transporters have a certain impact on the transporter activity because their expression levels may influence the extent and longevity of chemotherapeutic drug outflow, affecting patient outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the impact of ABCB1, ABCC1/2, and ABCG2 gene variants in predicting prognosis and clinical outcomes in lung carcinoma patients.MethodsIn total, 502 lung cancer patients undergoing platinum‐based chemotherapy were recruited in this prospective study. Genotyping of ABCB1 (C1236T, C3435T, and G2677T/A), ABCC1 (G3173A and G2168A), ABCC2 (G4544A), and ABCG2 (C421A) polymorphisms in Northern Indian lung carcinoma patients were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsPoor survival outcomes were noted in patients carrying a heterozygous genotype (CT) for the ABCB1 C1236T polymorphism compared to the wild‐type genotype (CC) (p = 0.04). The mutant genotype (AA) for ABCC1 G3173A exhibited a lower median survival time compared to the reference genotype (GG) (p = 0.009). Lower survival was observed in individuals carrying a heterozygous genotype (GA) for ABCC2 G4544A polymorphism compared to the wild‐type genotype (GG) (p = 0.017). Small cell lung cancer patients with the ABCB1 G2677A polymorphism having a heterozygous genotype (GA) showed poor survival compared to the wild‐type genotype (GG) (p = 0.03). For ABCC1 G3173A, adenocarcinoma patients having a mutant genotype (AA) had reduced survival compared to the wild‐type (GG) genotype (p = 0.03). For ABCB1 C3435T, individuals carrying a heterozygous (CT) (p = 0.018) and mutant (TT) genotype (p = 0.007) had poor survival compared to the wild‐type (CC) genotype in patients treated with pemetrexed and cisplatin. The patients administered cisplatin and irinotecan and having mutant alleles (AA) for the ABCB1 G2677A polymorphism showed a lower survival compared to the individuals carrying wild‐type alleles (GG) (p = 0.009).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ABCB1 C1236T, ABCB1 C3435T, ABCB1 G2677A, ABCC1 G3173A, and ABCC2 G4544A are involved in predicting prognosis. Genotyping of the ABC polymorphism is essential for predicting prognosis in lung carcinoma patients.
Ecomorphology of the cervid intermediate phalanx and its implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Authors: Gruwier Ben J. , Kovarovic Kris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on newly developed ecomorphological models for the cervid intermediate phalanx. Using a geometric morphometric approach, we quantitatively assess the overall gracility of the bone, the depth and concavity of the proximal articulation and the roundness and symmetry of the distal articulation in the intermediate phalanx, to establish relationships between morphology, locomotor behavior and environment. The morphology of the phalanx was found to vary along a gradient from gracile phalanges with shallow proximal articulations in forms adapted to yielding substrate, to robust phalanges with deeper proximal articulations in taxa adapted to firm substrate. Phylogeny and allometry are accounted for using regressions and phylogenetic comparative methods. Although the results indicate phylogeny explains part of the morphological variation, overall the shape of the intermediate phalanx appears mainly driven by differences in function. Consequently, this element promises to be a useful palaeoenvironmental proxy that can be applied on fossil assemblages with cervid remains.
It is time to move on from homology in comparative biology
Authors: Cracraft Joel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe continued use of the idea of homology is questionable on philosophical and scientific grounds. It is based on the widespread idea that a “homologue” in extant taxa can be “traced back” to a feature in common ancestor. In contrast, Richard Owen, who first used the term in 1846, saw homology (homologue) differently, as “sameness”: “the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function.” At that point in time, he was not influenced by evolutionary thinking, and more focused on the details and approaches to biological comparison and description. His was a perceptive approach to comparison. This paper argues that the concept of homology no longer plays a useful role in comparative biology. It is a conceptual idea with little or no empirical implications for modern comparisons among phenotypes. Comparative biology now uses formal phylogenetic analysis in which similar features in individuals of two or more taxa are treated as characters on a tree and tested for historical “sameness” in terms of the concept of synapomorphy. If we are to understand the complexities of phenotypic evolution, applying this method to detailed comparative data will be essential. At the same time, a deep understanding of the phenotype and its history will emerge only through the use of multidisciplinary approaches that address historical changes at different hierarchical levels.