bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and postnatal biomarkers for acute placental inflammatory lesions and intrauterine infections in preterm infants
Authors: Liu Die , Liu Jing , Ye Fang , Su Yunchao , Cheng Jiaoying , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore risk factors of acute placental inflammatory lesions and the potential postnatal serum biomarkers for predicting the severity of intrauterine infection in preterm infants. We performed a retrospective analysis of premature infants with or without acute placental inflammatory lesions and their mothers by chart review for clinical data and placental histopathology. The preterm infants with acute placental inflammatory lesions had a higher rate of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), a longer duration of PROM, and a higher level of serum sialic acid (SIA) than those of the non-inflammation group (all p < 0.001). According to the different inflammatory histological structures, preterm infants with funisitis had a dominant longer duration of PROM than others (p < 0.05), and their gestational age was youngest among all the infants (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they had the highest content of serum SIA above other groups. The preterm infants in the acute histological chorioamnionitis group showed a similar trend of clinical manifestation and laboratory parameters with the funisitis group. Moreover, the closer the placental lesions were to the fetus, the lower the gestational age of preterm infants was, and the higher the serum SIA content was.Conclusion: We utilized a simple and precise anatomically category method of placental inflammatory histopathology for pediatricians to distinguish the extent of fetal inflammatory response for representing early-onset infectious diseases of preterm infants. SIA might be one of the potential early-stage serum biomarkers to reflect the severe intrauterine infections and could guide the postnatal anti-infection treatment.

What is Known:• Acute placental inflammatory lesion contributes to preterm birth and a series of complications in preterm infants.• C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in neonatal blood can be used as biomarkers for potential early-onset sepsis, but they are influenced by the postnatal physiological changes of preterm infants.

What is New:• The value of serum sialic acids of preterm infants within 1-hour afterbirth may be one of the rapid postnatal biomarkers for evaluating the severity of intra-amniotic infection.• The closer the placental lesions are to the fetus, the higher the content of serum sialic acid is.
Monotone Circuit Lower Bounds from Robust Sunflowers
Authors: Cavalar Bruno Pasqualotto , Kumar Mrinal , Rossman Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRobust sunflowers are a generalization of combinatorial sunflowers that have applications in monotone circuit complexity Rossman (SIAM J. Comput. 43:256–279, 2014), DNF sparsification Gopalan et al. (Comput. Complex. 22:275–310 2013), randomness extractors Li et al. (In: APPROX-RANDOM, LIPIcs 116:51:1–13, 2018), and recent advances on the Erdős-Rado sunflower conjecture Alweiss et al. (In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020) Lovett et al. (From dnf compression to sunflower theorems via regularity, 2019) Rao (Discrete Anal. 8,2020). The recent breakthrough of Alweiss, Lovett, Wu and Zhang Alweiss et al. (In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020) gives an improved bound on the maximum size of a w-set system that excludes a robust sunflower. In this paper, we use this result to obtain an $$\exp (n^{1/2-o(1)})$$

exp
(

n

1
/
2
-
o
(
1
)

)

lower bound on the monotone circuit size of an explicit n-variate monotone function, improving the previous best known $$\exp (n^{1/3-o(1)})$$

exp
(

n

1
/
3
-
o
(
1
)

)

due to Andreev (Algebra and Logic, 26:1–18, 1987) and Harnik and Raz (In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2000). We also show an $$\exp (\varOmega (n))$$

exp
(
Ω
(
n
)
)

lower bound on the monotone arithmetic circuit size of a related polynomial via a very simple proof. Finally, we introduce a notion of robust clique-sunflowers and use this to prove an $$n^{\varOmega (k)}$$

n

Ω
(
k
)

lower bound on the monotone circuit size of the CLIQUE function for all $$k \leqslant n^{1/3-o(1)}$$

k
⩽

n

1
/
3
-
o
(
1
)

, strengthening the bound of Alon and Boppana (Combinatorica, 7:1–22, 1987).
On the origin of amphi-enterobactin fragments produced by Vibrio campbellii species
Authors: Jelowicki Aneta M. , Butler Alison 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmphi-enterobactin is an amphiphilic siderophore isolated from a variety of microbial Vibrio species. Like enterobactin, amphi-enterobactin is a triscatecholate siderophore; however, it is framed on an expanded tetralactone core comprised of four l-Ser residues, of which one l-Ser is appended by a fatty acid and the remaining l-Ser residues are appended by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB). Fragments of amphi-enterobactin composed of 2-Ser-1-DHB-FA and 3-Ser-2-DHB-FA have been identified in the supernatant of Vibrio campbellii species. The origin of these fragments has not been determined, although two distinct isomers could exist for 2-Ser-1-DHB-FA and three distinct isomers could exist for 3-Ser-2-DHB-FA. The fragments of amphi-enterobactin could originate from hydrolysis of the amphi-enterobactin macrolactone, or from premature release due to an inefficient biosynthetic pathway. Unique masses in the tandem MS analysis establish that certain fragments isolated from the culture supernatant must originate from hydrolysis of the amphi-enterobactin macrolactone, while others cannot be distinguished from premature release during biosynthesis or hydrolysis of amphi-enterobactin.
Graphical abstract
Riemannian Optimization via Frank-Wolfe Methods
Authors: Weber Melanie , Sra Suvrit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study projection-free methods for constrained Riemannian optimization. In particular, we propose a Riemannian Frank-Wolfe (RFW) method that handles constraints directly, in contrast to prior methods that rely on (potentially costly) projections. We analyze non-asymptotic convergence rates of RFW to an optimum for geodesically convex problems, and to a critical point for nonconvex objectives. We also present a practical setting under which RFW can attain a linear convergence rate. As a concrete example, we specialize RFW to the manifold of positive definite matrices and apply it to two tasks: (i) computing the matrix geometric mean (Riemannian centroid); and (ii) computing the Bures-Wasserstein barycenter. Both tasks involve geodesically convex interval constraints, for which we show that the Riemannian “linear” oracle required by RFW admits a closed form solution; this result may be of independent interest. We complement our theoretical results with an empirical comparison of RFW against state-of-the-art Riemannian optimization methods, and observe that RFW performs competitively on the task of computing Riemannian centroids.
Satellite laser ranging to GNSS-based Swarm orbits with handling of systematic errors
Authors: Strugarek Dariusz , Sośnica Krzysztof , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian , Zajdel Radosław , Bury Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) retroreflectors along with GNSS receivers are installed onboard numerous active low earth orbiters (LEOs) for the independent validation of GNSS-based precise orbit determination (POD) products. SLR validation results still contain many systematic errors that require special handling of various biases. For this purpose, we derive methods of reducing systematic effects affecting the SLR residuals to LEO Swarm satellites. We test solutions incorporating the estimation of range biases, station coordinate corrections, tropospheric biases, and horizontal gradients of the troposphere delays. When estimating range biases once per day, the standard deviation (STD) of Swarm-B SLR residuals is reduced from 10 to 8 mm for the group of high-performing SLR stations. The tropospheric biases estimated once per day, instead of range biases, further reduce the STD of residuals to the level of 6 mm. The systematic errors that manifest as dependencies of SLR residuals under different measurement conditions, e.g., elevation angle, are remarkably diminished. Furthermore, introducing troposphere biases allows for the comparison of the orbit quality between kinematic and reduced-dynamic orbits as the GPS-based orbit errors become more pronounced when SLR observations are freed from elevation-dependent errors. Applying tropospheric biases in SLR allows obtaining the consistency between the POD solution and SLR observations that are two times better than when neglecting to model of systematic effects and by 29% better when compared with solutions considering present methods of range bias handling.
Cowpea aphid resistance in cowpea line CB77 functions primarily through antibiosis and eliminates phytotoxic symptoms of aphid feeding
Authors: MacWilliams Jacob R. , Chesnais Quentin , Nabity Paul , Mauck Kerry , Kaloshian Isgouhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most important crops in semiarid areas of the world, where it thrives in hot, dry conditions. While cowpea is able to withstand abiotic stresses, it suffers serious losses from biotic antagonists, including infestation by the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora). Cowpea aphid infestations are highly destructive, especially on young plants. However, it is unclear whether cowpea aphid damage is the result of aphids having phytotoxic effects on their hosts, or simple density effects. To better understand cowpea aphid damage and the potential for resistance traits to mitigate aphid impacts, we evaluated phenotypic changes in cowpea in response to variable aphid densities and systemic versus local infestations. Low aphid densities induced leaf distortions and pseudogalling, suggesting that cowpea aphids are phytotoxic to cowpea. Resistance to the cowpea aphid has been previously identified in an African cowpea germplasm, and near isogenic lines (NILs) containing resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were generated in the California blackeye cultivar background. Using a series of performance assays, we determined that resistance conferred by the two QTL counteracts aphid phytotoxicity and severely limits aphid growth and fecundity. Using choice assays, a preference by cowpea aphids for the susceptible NIL was observed. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that the resistance phenotype includes weak surface level deterrence and strong phloem-based resistance that manifests during the sap ingestion phase. Our study provides evidence of phytotoxic traits in A. craccivora while identifying a viable means of counteracting aphid damage and reproductive potential through resistance.
Evaluation of a combined and portable light-ultrasound device with which to deter red deer
Authors: Laguna Eduardo , Palencia Pablo , Carpio Antonio J. , Mateos-Aparicio Julián , Herraiz Cesar , Notario Carlos , Vicente Joaquín , Montoro Vidal , Acevedo Pelayo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts are a growing problem in Northern Hemisphere where wild ungulates are one of the taxonomic groups most frequently involved. To mitigate these conflicts, it is essential to develop preventive actions able to avoid encounters between wildlife and human (activities). We here employed photo-trapping to evaluate the behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) when confronted with dissuasive portable deterrents that function on the basis of changing patterns of light and ultrasound. This was done by following a before/after experimental design, with two phases: (i) a test phase, with active deterrents, and (ii) a control phase, without deterrents. When deterrents were activated they achieved a 48.96% reduction in the frequency of use by red deer (up to 66.64% when it was assessed on a thinner Sect. 10 m wide from the line of deterrents) and produced a reduction of 67.71% in the frequency of deterrent-line crossings. However, a habituation effect was detected since the use by red deer of the treatment area increased as time since treatment. These results indicate that these portable devices are effective as regards dissuading deer, mainly on short time scales. The deterrents tested here could be suitable for use at focal points for short periods or in combination with other methods to improve their effectiveness in vulnerability points. This device could potentially be used to mitigate conflicts caused by wildlife species and in response to relevant and timely situations, such as vehicle collisions and damage to crops, among others.
Dietary intake and physical activity of German university students
Authors: Nössler Carolin , Schneider Melanie , Schweter Antje , Lührmann Petra Maia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim
A balanced diet is important for health and well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary intake and physical activity in German university students.

Subjects and methods
A cross-sectional nutrition study was conducted at the University of Education, Schwäbisch Gmünd (Germany). Food consumption (3-day estimated dietary record) and physical activity level (PAL, standardized questionnaire) were assessed in 329 female (f) (age 22.7±3.4 years) and 60 male (m) students (age 24.0±3.1 years) and compared with recommendations (one-sample t-test, α = 0.05).

Results
On average, students consumed less vegetables (f: 177±119, m: 152±163 g/day), fruit (f: 169±117, m: 146±158 g/day), and potatoes/grain products (f: 303±126, m: 362±163 g/day) than recommended. Meat consumption was too high in men (1155±651 g/week), but not in women (490±455 g/week). The consumption of milk/dairy products was slightly too low in women (190±129 g/day), but in the recommended range for men (279±253 g/day). Nutrient recommendations were almost achieved (exceptions: fiber, vitamin D and folate [f, m], fat, iron and vitamin E [f], carbohydrate [m]). Leisure time physical activity was 259±222 min/week (f) and 359±236 min/week (m), and PAL was 1.60±0.11 (f) and 1.65±0.12 (m).

Conclusions
Dietary intake and physical activity in university students is roughly equivalent to that in the average German population and needs to be improved.
Automated monitoring and positioning of single microparticle via ultrasound-driven microbubble streaming
Authors: Bakhtiari Amirabas , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a novel technique that uses ultrasound-driven microbubble streaming for automated positioning of single microparticles of arbitrary size and physical properties in microchannels. We have developed algorithms for automatic detection, tracking, and precise positioning of target particles with arbitrary initial positions across the entire width of microchannels in a live mode that does not require additional structures to precondition the flow for particle positioning. This approach is universally applicable in all areas of microfluidics, regardless of particle size, shape, density, and compressibility. In this study, experiments were performed to position particles of different sizes (2, 5, 10, 15 $$\upmu$$
μ
m) in 5 lateral regions in a 500 $$\upmu$$
μ
m microchannel, resulting in valid positioning accuracy for single particles (up to $$\mathrm{MAD}_\mathrm{f}=2.3\,\upmu$$

MAD
f

=
2.3

μ

m in a 500 $$\,\upmu$$

μ

m).
The Purpose Ecosystem and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Interactions Among Private Sector Actors and Stakeholders
Authors: Stubbs Wendy , Dahlmann Frederik , Raven Rob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we explore the nature of the emerging purpose ecosystem and its role in transforming and supporting business to help address the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We argue that interactions among its ‘private actors’, who share efforts and belief in changing and redefining the purpose and nature of business by advocating broader non-financial performance outcomes, have the potential to contribute to a wider sustainability-oriented transformation of the business sector. Through interview data collected in the UK and Australia, we identify six main roles that characterise the activities and interactions among its actors and their stakeholders. Our research contributes to expanding knowledge on the emerging phenomenon of the purpose ecosystem and how its actors support the achievement of the UN SDGs by seeking to change the purpose of business and integrating the goals into their operations and engagements with stakeholders.
Survey of Techniques on Data Leakage Protection and Methods to address the Insider threat
Authors: Herrera Montano Isabel , García Aranda José Javier , Ramos Diaz Juan , Molina Cardín Sergio , de la Torre Díez Isabel , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData leakage is a problem that companies and organizations face every day around the world. Mainly the data leak caused by the internal threat posed by authorized personnel to manipulate confidential information. The main objective of this work is to survey the literature to detect the existing techniques to protect against data leakage and to identify the methods used to address the insider threat. For this, a literature review of scientific databases was carried out in the period from 2011 to 2022, which resulted in 42 relevant papers. It was obtained that from 2017 to date, 60% of the studies found are concentrated and that 90% come from conferences and publications in journals. Significant advances were detected in protection systems against data leakage with the incorporation of new techniques and technologies, such as machine learning, blockchain, and digital rights management policies. In 40% of the relevant studies, significant interest was shown in avoiding internal threats. The most used techniques in the analyzed DLP tools were encryption and machine learning.
A comparative study of turbulent stratified shear layers: effect of density gradient distribution
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Sarkar Sutanu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirect numerical simulations are performed to compare the evolution of turbulent stratified shear layers with different density gradient profiles at a high Reynolds number. The density profiles include uniform stratification, two-layer hyperbolic tangent profile and a composite of these two profiles. All profiles have the same initial bulk Richardson number ($$Ri_{b,0}$$

R

i

b
,
0

); however, the minimum gradient Richardson number and the distribution of density gradient across the shear layer are varied among the cases. The objective of the study is to provide a comparative analysis of the evolution of the shear layers in term of shear layer growth, turbulent kinetic energy as well as the mixing efficiency and its parameterization. The evolution of the shear layers in all cases shows the development of Kelvin–Helmholtz billows, the transition to turbulence by secondary instabilities followed by the decay of turbulence. Comparison among the cases reveals that the amount of turbulent mixing varies with the density gradient distribution inside the shear layer. The minimum gradient Richardson number and the initial bulk Richardson number do not correlate well with the integrated TKE production, dissipation and buoyancy flux. The bulk mixing efficiency for fixed $$Ri_{b,0}$$

R

i

b
,
0

is found to be highest in the case with two-layer density profile and lowest in the case with uniform stratification. However, the parameterizations of the flux coefficient based on buoyancy Reynolds number and the ratio of Ozmidov and Ellison scales show similar scaling in all cases.
Evaluation of Liquid Heat Capacity of Latest Low Global Warming Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs): A Comparison of a Cubic Equation of State, Fundamental Equations of State, and a Corresponding State Equation
Authors: Gao Neng , Zhou Likai , Wang Xuehui , Chen Guangming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIsobaric heat capacity is one of the key thermophysical properties for working fluids in thermal systems and plays an important role in the development of equation of state. Due to the lack of experimental data for promising hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), we carried out theoretical predictions for condensed liquid phase with three different methods: traditional cubic equation of state (CEOS), fundamental equations of state (FEOS) explicit in Helmholtz free energy and a corresponding state equation (CSE). Both CEOS and CSE are generalized models that only need several characteristic parameters to conduct calculation, while FEOS are specific models in which the structure and parameters are regressed from experimental data of one certain fluid. Liquid heat capacity data of 9 HFOs were calculated, including well-known R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and latest prospective R1123, R1216, R1243zf, R1234ze(Z), R1336mzz(Z), R1141, and R1125zc. A critical comparison was carried out between different calculation methods. The comparison showed that both CSE and FEOS predicted available experimental data well with AADs % less than the reported experimental uncertainties. For refrigerants without experimental heat capacity, CSE and FEOS showed good agreements with AADs % less than 3.6 %. The selected CEOS always provided relatively larger predictions than experiments or the other two methods. Despite that, calculated data of CEOS showed a strong linear relation with the other two methods, which suggested that there might be a potential linear modification or correlation for CEOS in improving its heat capacity calculations. Furthermore, when there were no experimental data available, CSE used in this study could be a useful preliminary evaluation tool for the liquid heat capacity of hydrofluoroolefins, considering its accuracy and easy application characteristics.
Measuring the unobservable: estimating informal economy by a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Dell’Anno Roberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new approach to estimate the informal economy (IE) by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Using a Monte Carlo Simulation and empirical analysis of the Italian IE as an example, we provide general conclusions on the reliability and limitations of the SEM approach to estimate the IE. Practical guidelines on how to apply this method and the way to deal with the most problematic issues are provided. We conclude that the SEM approach may be effectively used, as a complementary method to the National Accounting Approach, to adjust official statistics for the presence of the IE.
Does the Survey Mode Affect the Association Between Subjective Well-being and its Determinants? An Experimental Comparison Between Face-to-Face and Web Mode
Authors: Piccitto Giorgio , Liefbroer Aart C. , Emery Tom 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubjective well-being research increasingly uses web surveys to understand how subjective well-being indicators are related to other concepts of interest. Although we know that mean scores on these indicators may differ between modes, we know little about whether a move to web will influence the conclusions we draw about our conceptual models. This study uses data from a unique mixed-mode survey collected in Croatia and Germany as part of the Generations and Gender Programme to examine whether the relationships between a range of subjective well-being indicators and a set of objective and subjective determinants differ between respondents answering these questions in face-to-face or web mode. Although respondents report lower subjective well-being in web than in face-to-face mode, the relationships between these variables and a range of objective and subjective indicators are relatively stable across modes. This suggests that substantive conclusions about antecedents of subjective well-being do not depend on whether data are collected via a face-to-face interview or through web survey.