bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of COVID-19 adults managed in an outpatient versus hospital setting
Authors: Nguyen Ninh T. , Chinn Justine , Kirby Katherine , Hohmann Samuel F. , Amin Alpesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally and as of February 4, 2021, there are more than 26 million confirmed cases and more than 440,000 deaths in the United States (US). A top priority of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 adults who were managed in an outpatient setting compared to patients who required hospitalization at US academic centers.

Methods
Using the Vizient clinical database, Discharge records of adults with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and January 31, 2021 were reviewed. Outcome measures included demographics, characteristics, rate of hospitalization, and mortality, and data were analyzed based on inpatient versus outpatient management.

Results
Among COVID-19 adults, 1,360,078 patients were managed in an outpatient setting while 545,635 patients required hospitalization. Compared to hospitalized COVID-19 adults, COVID-19 adults who were managed in an outpatient setting were more likely to be female (56.1% vs 47.5%, p <0.001), white (57.7% vs 54.8%, p <0.001), within younger age group of 18–50 years (p<0.001) and have lower rate of comorbidities. Mortality was significantly lower in outpatient group compared to hospitalized group (0.2% vs 12.2%, respectively, p <0.01%). For outpatient group, mortality increased with increasing age group: 0.02% (52 of 295,112) for patients 18–30 years and 1.2% (1,373 of 117,866) for patients >75 years. The rate of hospitalization was lowest for age group 18–30 years at 10.6% (35,607 of 330,719) and highest for age group >75 years at 56.1% (150,381 of 268,247).

Conclusion
This analysis of US academic centers showed that 28.6% of COVID-19 adults who sought care at one of the hospitals reporting data to the Vizient clinical database required in-patient treatment. The rate of hospitalization in our study was lowest for the youngest age group of 18–30 years and highest for age group >75 years. Beside older age, other factors associated with outpatient management included female gender, white race, and having commercial insurance.
High rate X-ray radiation shielding ability of cement-based composites incorporating strontium sulfate (SrSO4) minerals
Authors: Öztürk Oğuzhan , Karaburç Şeyma Nur , Saydan Murat , Keskin Ülkü Sultan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exposure of radioactivity applications should be handled reliably in repositories, radiotherapy rooms, and research centers built with cement-based composites which is generally used as an engineering barrier. The design of certain materials for radioactive exposure requires special handling considering the degradation mechanism of host composite environment and barrier capability. In this study, celestite (SrSO4) minerals having favoring properties for shielding ability was used as aggregates in barrier composites. Strontium mineral-based aggregates were partially replaced with conventional concrete aggregates at different ratios. The high rate X-ray shielding ability and mechanical performance of developed composites were holistically investigated in the presence of real-case radiation. The use of celestite mineral resulted in higher performance both in mechanical and shielding capability of X-rays at a certain level. Microstructural findings also revealed that interface properties of composite paste and celestite minerals were compatible up to 30% of celestite aggregate replacement.
Relativistic electron dynamics in magnetic fields with low-degree of field nonlinearity
Authors: Bruce Stanley A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the relativistic bound state dynamics of electrons in the presence of electromagnetic fields within the framework of a novel class of nonlinear Dirac wave equations. In 2 + 1 space–time dimensions, we address a specific interacting electron model in a homogeneous magnetic field providing the allowed nonlinear ground-state Landau energy levels. We concentrate on the regime of laboratory high magnetic fields, and thus, comment on the relevance of this approach to study 2D electron systems.
Vier Pferde, Farben und factiones. Die apokalyptischen Reiter und ihr zeitgeschichtlicher Hintergrund (Offb 6,2–8)
Authors: Ostmeyer Karl-Heinrich 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Charakteristika der vier Pferde der Offenbarung (Offb 6,2–8) sind neben ihrer Anzahl ihre vier verschiedenen Farben. Der Alltag in Rom zur Zeit der Entstehung der Johannesoffenbarung war geprägt durch vier Parteien, die Wagenrennen organisierten. Kennzeichen dieser vier factiones waren ihre vier Farben. Die Verse der Offenbarung über die vier apokalyptischen Reiter samt den sie auszeichnenden Elementen werden vor dem Hintergrund der vier antiken Rennställe (factiones) und ihrer Farben analysiert. Wagenrennen als Teil der Zirkusspiele waren Teil des Staatskultes. Mit der Parallelsetzung der unheilbringenden apokalyptischen Reiter und der staatstragenden factiones steht der römische Staat als Ganzer in der Kritik.
Город. Мифы, природа и насилие
Authors: Патимова Полина 
Published: February 2022

Автор статьи прослеживает связь между механизмами насилия и процессами планирования, застройки и благоустройства городов, используя понятийный аппарат французского философа и социолога Анри Лефевра, разработанный в книге «Производство пространства». Используя триаду Лефевра — репрезентации пространства / пространственные практики / пространства репрезентации, — автор обнаруживает, что насилие непосредственно связано с мифами, которые закрепляют и легитимируют его. Один из центральных мифологических сюжетов, порождающих насилие в городе, — стремление победить Другого и завладеть его сокровищами, — реализуется в том числе в тенденции покорить природу и сделать ее безопасной и предсказуемой. Таким образом, сама природа становится Другим, или чудовищным двойником, существование которого оказывается необходимым условием для развития города и в то же время представляет для него опасность. С приходом цифровой революции в жизни города появляется еще один двойник — виртуальное пространство. В цифровую среду перемещаются не только социальные взаимодействия, но и процесс производства городского пространства. При этом цифровое измерение не может, да и не стремится победить измерение аналоговое — в результате соединения физического измерения города с его виртуальным двойником образуется гиперобъект, который целиком не помогут помыслить даже те, кто его проектирует. Противопоставляя репрезентации пространства (то есть представления о развитии пространства) и пространственные практики (то есть повседневное использование города), автор размышляет о том, как старое и новое соседствуют в гибридном аналогово-цифровом пространстве и как при этом меняются мифы и отношение к природе и насилию.
Clinical profile and outcome of the patients with necrotising fasciitis in a tertiary care teaching hospital at rural Puducherry, India
Authors: Rajendran Kathiravan 
Published: February 2022

Necrotising fasciitis is rapidly progressive inflammation with infection and secondary necrosis. The incidence of it is increasing recent times. The challenge associated with its treatment is identification of the process at an earlier stage to improve outcome and reduce the dreadful complications. To study the socio-demographic, clinical, microbiological, risk factor profile and complications of patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis. It was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in surgery ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients diagnosed with necrotising fasciitis were included in the study. After detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation appropriate surgical and medical interventions were administered and were followed to note the outcome. Epi Info software version 3.5.3 was used for data entry and statistical analysis. 82% of the study participants were more than 40 years old and 76% of them were males. All of them had fever, pain and tenderness, 76% of them had swelling and 50% of them had foul smelling discharge. The commonest site involved was lower extremity (36%). Diabetes mellitus as a predisposing factor was found in 52%. 84% of the infections were polymicrobial and E. coli was isolated from 74% among them. 34 % had developed complications during hospital stay. Though it is a dreadful infectious condition prompt recognition decreases morbidity and mortality. The risk factors identified, complications occurred needs to be given importance to improve treatment outcome among patients admitted with necrotising fasciitis.
TNFα and MMP1 in brain microvascular endothelial cells regulate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in psychotic disorders
Authors: Lizano Paulo , Pong Sovannarath , Santarriaga Stephanie , Bannai Deepthi , Karmacharya Rakesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, tight junction deficits in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) lead to blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Using an in vitro model of human BBB function, we show that BMECs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells of schizophrenia patients show reduced BBB integrity and increased small molecule permeability when compared to healthy control BMECs. Stratification based on BBB function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients identified a BBB-deficit subtype with reduced barrier function, increased permeability to larger molecules, and decreased claudin-5 (CLDN5) levels. BMECs from the BBB-deficit group show increased MMP1 activity, which correlated with reduced CLDN5 levels and worse BBB function, which were rescued by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα and MMP1 inhibition. These results show intrinsic deficits in BMECs in psychotic disorders that result in BBB disruption and further identify TNFα and MMP1 as potential targets for ameliorating BBB deficits.
Evaluation of Lifetime Cancer Risk in Some Vegetables and Soil Samples in Two Main Cities in Ogun State: Human and Ecological Risk
Authors: OMOTOSHO Omolola E. , Akinola Olusegun , Omeje Maxwell , OMOTOSHO Temidayo , Evbuomwan Sarah , Emetere Moses , Ayoade Femi , Rabiu Babatunde 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The spate of health challenges via the ingestion of radionuclides is still of concern especially in regions that have no clear documentation of background of radioactive sources. The present study evaluated the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive nuclides in plants and their corresponding soil collected at Ibeshe and Covenant University community areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. The activity concentrations and other radiological risks from consuming the leafy vegetables were also estimated. The results show that the mean concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in the agricultural soil were found to be 24.18±2.31, 20.93±2.27, 20.95±1.9 for Ibeshe and 58.76±4.84, 26.06±1.93, 33.87±2.23, respectively for Covenant University. Whereas, for the leafy vegetables, the mean concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K were found to be 5.02±0.9, 7.98±1.70, 427.82±29.75 for Ibeshe and 17.57±2.35, 22.19±3.0, and 424.17±25.15 for Covenant University Community. In comparison, all these values are within the recommended limits of 32.00 and 45.00, 420.00, Bqkg-1for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K according to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNCEAR) except the mean value for Covenant University soil for 232Th which is slightly higher. The values obtained were comparable to the internationally recommended values. The mean value for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for Ibeshe North is 31.08, while that of Canaanland (CU) is 239.03, respectively is lower than the recommended limits of other published papers 1.72 x 104 according to International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). These lower radiological risks indicate apparently that the chemical carcinogenic pollutants in the samples may be the major risk, inducing chemical parameters in the study area. This study will serve as a baseline data for any radiologically induced diseases. Significantly, it will serve as a baseline data for any radiologically induced diseases from vegetables in Nigeria and suggests further research on chemical toxicity risks on the same samples.
The High-Level Expression Analysis of RhPA In The RhPA/gGH Double-Transgenic Rabbits And Its Thrombolysis Activity In Vitro
Authors: Song Shaozheng , Luo Yaoling , Li Dan , Yan Ying , Zhuang Qinmin , Ye Junsong , He Zhengyi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: In this study, the rhPA/gGH double transgenic rabbits were constructed, and the expression level of rhPA,rabbit growth and development features were analyzed, which might provide a new idea for obtain rhPA high level expression transgenic animals.Method: Two rhPA transgenic rabbits fertilized eggs were microinjected with linearized GH plasmid to obtain the rhPA/gGH rabbits.The integration of rhPA/gGH gene was detected by PCR. The rhPA expression level in transgenic rabbit milk was detected by ELISA and Western blotting,and FAPA was performed to detect the in vitro thrombolytic activity of rhPA.The body weight of transgenic rabbits at different growth stages were measured to test the effect of gGH gene on rhPA/gGH double transgenic rabbits growth and development .Result: A total of 151 rhPA transgenic rabbits fertilized eggs were obtained through superovulation, 125 of them were microinjected with linearized GH plasmid and transplanted into 8 surrogate mother rabbits.Six surrogate mother rabbits were pregnant, with a pregnancy rate of 75.0% (6/8)，16 rhPA/gGH gene double transgenic rabbits were identified by PCR (10♂,6♀). The rhPA expression levels in rhPA single-transgenic rabbit whey were 0.27–0.63g/L, while the rhPA expression leves were 4.98-12.24 g/L in the rhPA/gGH double-transgenic rabbits whey. The rhPA expression levels of rhPA/gGH double-transgenic rabbit whey were significantly increased by about 17.2–23.8 times, and had higher thrombolytic activity in vitro. There was no significant difference in body weight between rhPA/gGH double transgenic rabbits, rhPA single transgenic or non-transgenic rabbits from birthday to 10 months age(P>0.05). Conclusion: The rhPA/gGH double transgenic rabbits were successfully constrected, which was proved that the introduction of gGH gene could significantly increase the rhPA expression level in the milk of transgenic rabbits and without affecting the growth and development of transgenic rabbits, which laid a foundation for the preparation of transgenic rabbits with higher recombinant protein expression level in the future, and also provide new ideas and new methods for the establishment of mammary gland bioreactor.
Prolonged and extended impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory neurocircuit
Authors: Paessler Slobodan , Kishimoto-Urata Megumi , Urata Shinji , Kagoya Ryoji , Imamura Fumiaki , Nagayama Shin , Reyna Rachel A. , Maruyama Junki , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kondo Kenji , Hasegawa-Ishii Sanae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory pathway was studied over several time points using Syrian golden hamsters. We found an incomplete recovery of the olfactory sensory neurons, prolonged activation of glial cells in the olfactory bulb, and a decrease in the density of dendritic spines within the hippocampus. These data may be useful for elucidating the mechanism underlying long-lasting olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment as a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
Effects of occupational exposure to dust, gas, vapor and fumes on chronic bronchitis and lung function impairment
Authors: Zheng Xueyan , Zheng Yijin , Liao Tingting , Xu Yanjun , Liu Li , Wang Ye , Xiao Ni , Li Chuan , Meng Ruilin , Guan Weijie , Lin Lifeng , He Zhaoxuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: We sought to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dust and fumes (VGDF) on chronic bronchitis and lung function impairment. Methods: We conducted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance in six cities of south China between 2014 and 2019. We recorded the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure to VGDF and other covariates by using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression and multivariate linear regression model were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 7418 and 5249 participants were included. Cough (OR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.22 to 2.08) and phlegm (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.85) correlated significantly with the exposure to dust. There was an increased risk of cough (OR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.11 to 2.07) for occupational exposure to gas/vapor/fume. Dual exposure to dust and gas/vapor/fume was associated with a significantly increased risk of chronic bronchitis (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.20 to 2.52), as well as cough (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.15 to 1.79) and phlegm (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.24 to 1.79). Gas/vapor/fume was associated with the reduced ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (β: -1.05, 95%CI: -1.85 to -0.26) and maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF) (β: -0.15, 95%CI: -0.23 to -0.07). Dual exposure to dust and gas/vapor/fume was significantly associated with decreased FEV1/FVC (β: -0.74, 95%CI: -1.28 to -0.20) and MMEF (β: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.12 to -0.01) . Results of sensitivity analysis did not materially change. Conclusions: VGDF exposure was associated with chronic bronchitis, respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function, suggesting that VGDF contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of COPD.
Intraspecific variability in herbivore response to elemental defences is caused by the metal itself
Authors: Godinho Diogo Prino , Branquinho Cristina , Magalhães Sara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Some plants are able to accumulate on their leaves metals taken from the soil, using this as a defence against herbivorous arthropods. However, herbivore response to metal accumulation in plants is known to be variable. While some species and taxonomic groups are less affected than others, hormetic effects have also been observed in spider-mites, herbivorous crop pests. Still, knowledge on the range and causes of intraspecific variation in the response of herbivores to metal accumulation is lacking. Here, using two species of spider-mites, Tetranychus urticae and T. evansi , we tested the variation of 17 populations in response to cadmium-accumulating tomato plants and the drivers of such variation. We observed a non-linear, hormetic response of mites to plants with cadmium in some, but not all, populations. The same pattern was recaptured in artificial diets with different concentrations of cadmium but not in artificial diets with sugars, which change in the plant in response to cadmium. This indicates that herbivores on metal-accumulating plants respond to metals, not to the variations in leaf carbohydrates. Therefore, metals exert different effects on herbivores according to the amount accumulated, but independently of other plant traits. This knowledge is key to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying herbivore responses to metal-based plant defences and to pesticides containing heavy metals. Additionally, our findings draw attention to the need of considering intraspecific variation and non-linearities when studying the effects of metals and other contaminants on herbivorous arthropods.
A metric driving local action for global biodiversity conservation
Authors: Rossberg Axel , O'Sullivan Jacob , Terry Christopher , Shnerb Nadav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Difficulties identifying appropriate biodiversity impact metrics remain a major barrier to inclusion of biodiversity considerations in environmentally responsible investment. We propose and analyse a simple science-based local metric: the sum of the proportions that all local populations contribute to their global species abundances, with a correction for species close to extinction. It links mathematically to a widely used global biodiversity indicator, the Living Planet Index, for which we propose an improved formula that directly addresses the known problem of singularities caused by extinctions. We show that, in an ideal market, trade in our metric would lead to near-optimal conservation resource allocation, emphasising support of extinction-threatened species. Barriers to adoption are low, as use of the metric does not require an institutional certification system. Used in conjunction with other metrics, potential areas of application include biodiversity related financial disclosures and voluntary or legislated no net biodiversity loss policies.
Predominance of BRCA2 mutation and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Authors: Pujol Pascal , Yauy Kévin , Coffy Amandine , Duforet-Frebourg Nicolas , Gabteni Sana , Daurès Jean-Pierre , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Thomas Frédéric , Hughes Kevin , Turnbull Clare , Galibert Virginie , Rideau Chloé , Collet Laetitia , You Benoit , Geneviève David , Philippe Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: PARP inhibitor (PARPi) agents can improve progression-free survival of patients with breast cancer (BC) who carry a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant (gBRCA1/2) in both the metastatic and adjuvant setting. Therefore, we need to redefine the criteria of women and tumor phenotype that should be tested for gBRCA1/2. Objective: We studied the relative distribution of gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 in unselected populations of women with BC and in unaffected individuals. We also analyzed the proportion of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+) tumors in unselected BC patients with gBRCA1/2.Design: We performed a meta-analysis of studies of unselected BC that analyzed the relative contribution of gBRCA1 versus gBRCA2 and ER+ tumors among gBRCA1/2 carriers. We then performed a meta-analysis of gBRCA1/2 carriage in unaffected individuals, from genome-wide population studies, the gnomAD databank, and case–control studies. Results: The BRCA2 gene was involved in 54% of BC in unselected patients with gBRCA1/2 (n=108,699) and 59% of unaffected individuals (n=238,973) as compared with 38% of gBRCA1/2 family cohorts (n=29,700). The meta-analysis showed that 1.66% (95% CI 1.08-2.54) and 1.71% (95% CI 1.33-2.2) of unselected BC patients carried a gBRCA1 and gBRCA2, respectively. In unaffected individuals, the frequency of heterozygosity for gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 was estimated at 1/434 and 1/288, respectively. Nearly 0.5% of unaffected individuals in the studied populations carried a gBRCA1/2. Overall, 58% of breast tumors occurring in women carrying a gBRCA1/2 were ER+ (n=86,870).Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that gBRCA2 carriage is predominant in unselected BC and in unaffected individuals. ER+ tumors among women with gBRCA1/2-related BC is predominant and has been underestimated. Because PARPi agents improve progression-free survival with ER+ gBRCA1/2 BC in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting, BC should be considered regardless of ER status for BRCA1/2 screening for therapeutic purposes.