bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enactments and Representations of the National Bard: Burns and the Folk Context
Authors: Campbell Katherine 
Published: May 2022

The chapter examines the performance of Burns's songs in folk tradition drawing on two major sources of evidence: 'The Greig-Duncan Folk Song Collection' from Northeast Scotland and the Tobar an Dualchais/Kist o Riches website of archival audio recordings. It finds that Burns's songs could vary substantially from their original form as a result of the reworkings of folk tradition. In particular, the tune Burns desired was quite often not used once the song entered the tradition, with singers instead sometimes turning to something with which they were already familiar.
‘a medium for fleas’: Beckett, Mitrani and 1950s–1960s French Television Drama
Authors: Kiryushina Galina 
Published: May 2022

In January 1963, the French television channel RTF aired Michel Mitrani’s adaptation of Beckett’s radio play Tous ceux qui tombent (All That Fall). Despite the wide critical acclaim it received, Beckett deemed Mitrani’s telefilm ‘disastrous’, which led to his subsequent refusal of similar proposals for his works to be adapted. However, rather than rejecting its execution on technical and artistic grounds, it seems that Beckett was above all displeased with the altered meaning the radio piece acquired by its visualisation.
The chapter situates this rarely discussed telefilm, and Mitrani’s work in general, in the context of the transformations of the television medium in France in the 1960s – the period which coincided with Beckett’s first attempts to write for the small screen. Since Beckett directed and supervised the filming of his TV plays outside of France (with the exception of Dis Joe, also directed by Mitrani), the developments in French television broadcasting during its peak period have been overlooked as a possible source of inspiration. By exploring conceptual and formal parallels between their work, the chapter ultimately proposes that Mitrani’s experimentation in the medium contributed to Beckett’s revaluation of television as a medium suitable for creative expression.
Hazarding All
Authors: Budick Sanford 
Published: May 2022

Hazarding All focuses on the second half of Shakespeare’s career, which pivots (even far more significantly than Stephen Greenblatt has noted) on the conceptual and theatrical breakthroughs of Hamlet. The book is structured on a series of pairings of plays: Hamlet and As You Like It; The Merchant of Venice and Othello; and King Lear and The Winter’s Tale. Each pairing discloses Shakespeare’s effort to achieve intersubjectivity by negating the theatricalising impulses of the ego. He achieves this by means, in fact, of a highly demanding species of theatricalisation. In these texts Shakespeare’s language of theatrical representation, as well as the structure of theatrical scenes, repeatedly employs the figure of chiasmus to create an empty mid-space—a “negativity”—that is coordinated with an intricate language of the “nothing.” In partnership with the playwright, the spectator thus experiences this special “nothing” at the centre of these plays. The eclipsing of ego and the sharing of consciousness that result from this experience are at times incipiently experienced by characters within the plays. Yet the more significant achievement of this sharing of consciousness is generated between the consciousnesses of the playwright and the spectator, each in the condition of what Husserl would call onlookers (“God’s spies,” as Lear will phrase it) to the bracketed fictions of the plays themselves.
Body Mass Index Changes and Insulin Resistance at Age 4: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Lim Youn-Hee , Hong Yun-Chul , Shin Choong Ho , Lee Young Ah 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) changes are associated with fasting glucose and insulin resistance (IR) in early childhood.MethodsFrom the Environment and Development of Children (EDC) cohort, 334 children who visited at ages 2 and 4 were included in this study. Height and weight were measured at ages 2 and 4, and fasting glucose and insulin were assessed at age 4. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as insulin (μIU/ml) × glucose (mg/dl)/405. The BMI Z-score [BMI (Z)] quartiles for each age group were defined as Q4, ≥75th percentile; Q2–3, 25th to 75th percentile; and Q1, &lt;25th percentile. Glucose, insulin, and the HOMA-IR were compared between groups according to the change in BMI (Z) from age 2 to 4.ResultsChildren who stayed in Q4 at both ages had higher fasting glucose (92.2 vs. 88.0 and 87.1 mg/dl), insulin (3.2 vs. 2.5 and 2.3 μIU/ml), and HOMA-IR (0.68 vs. 0.54 and 0.52) than children who stayed in Q1 or Q2–3 (all P&lt;0.01). Children in Q4 at both ages had higher fasting glucose than children whose BMI (Z) increased from Q1 or Q2–3 to Q4 (92.2 vs. 87.3, P&lt;0.001). The BMI (Z) category at age 2 of children who were in Q2–3 at age 4 did not affect glucose or IR at 4 years.ConclusionThe group of children within the highest BMI (Z) quartile at both 2 and 4 years of age had higher fasting glucose and IR at age 4 than any other BMI (Z) change group.
Development of a Simple Risk Model to Predict Mortality in Patients With Osteosarcoma of the Extremity
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Chao , Wang Xin , Liu Zhiyong , Ren Zhigang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary malignant bone cancer with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic factors that influence survival, and build up and validate a simple risk model to predict mortality in OS patients.Materials and MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective cohort study. A total of 153 patients with newly diagnosed OS were enrolled as the training group. We analyzed the clinical data and outcomes of the OS patients. Prognostic risk factors were identified and evaluated by a logistic regression model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The risk score was constructed based on the training group and was further validated using each patient.ResultsAmong the 153 patients, the mean (standard deviation) age was 21.6 (14.2) years, and 62 (40.5%) patients were females. The rate of in-hospital mortality of patients was 41.2% (95% CI, 31.6–50.7%). The candidate prognostic factors were selected and evaluated in relation to patient age, sex, tumor site (lower/upper extremity), tumor volume, intramedullary length of lesion, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and primary metastasis. However, only tumor size and primary metastasis were identified as independent prognostic indicators for patients with osteosarcoma. The risk model had a C-statistic of 0.7308 with a predictive range of 21.05–68.42%. Based on the distribution of the risk score, 24.8, 49.7 and 25.5% of patients were stratified into the high-, average- and low-risk groups for in-hospital mortality, with corresponding probabilities of 0.684, 0.329, and 0.210, respectively.ConclusionA simple risk model was developed and validated to predict the prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity at primary diagnosis. The simple risk score system could be used to stratify patients into different risk groups of in-hospital mortality and may help clinicians judge the outcomes of prognosis and establish appropriate surveillance strategies.
Effects of Synbiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics on Liver Enzymes of Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kanchanasurakit Sukrit , Kositamongkol Chayanis , Lanoi Kamonnat , Nunta Monnaree , Saetuan Thaksaporn , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Saokaew Surasak , Phisalprapa Pochamana 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundA systematic review and network meta-analysis was primarily conducted to compare the effects of synbiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Moreover, their effects on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were investigated and analyzed as secondary outcomes.MethodsThe randomized controlled trials (RCTs), limited to the English language, were searched through PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, CLINAHL Plus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2, 2022. The eligible studies were reviewed and their risk-of-bias and heterogeneity were assessed. Both direct and indirect evidence were assembled using a random-effects model. The effects of the intervention were presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsOf 3,864 identified records, a total of 1,389 patients with NAFLD from 26 RCTs were included in the analyses. Among these, 241 were diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The quality assessment reported a moderate risk of bias from most studies. Among adult patients with NAFLD, when compared with placebo, synbiotics provided the largest effect on reductions of AST (−12.71 IU/L; 95% CI: −16.95, −8.47), WC (−2.26 cm; 95% CI: −2.98, −1.54), total cholesterol (−22.23 mg/dl; 95% CI: −29.55, −14.90), low-density lipoproteins (−17.72 mg/dl; 95% CI: −25.23, −10.22), and FBS (−6.75 mg/dl; 95% CI: −10.67, −2.84). Probiotics lowered ALT (−14.46 IU/L; 95% CI: −21.33, −7.59) and triglycerides (−20.97 mg/dl; 95% CI: −40.42, −1.53) the most. None had significant impact on BMI, high-density lipoproteins, and HOMA-IR changes.ConclusionSynbiotics and probiotics are likely to be the most potential effective treatments for AST and ALT reduction in adult patients with NAFLD, respectively. Although liver enzymes cannot exactly define the severity of NAFLD, unlike the results from biopsy or imaging tests, they are important indicators that can monitor the status of the disease and provide benefits for clinical management.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_reco rd.php?ID], identifier [CRD42020200301].
Indications and Limitations of Sirolimus in the Treatment of Vascular Anomalies—Insights From a Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Karastaneva Anna , Gasparella Paolo , Tschauner Sebastian , Crazzolara Roman , Kropshofer Gabriele , Modl Manfred , Pfleger Andreas , Burmas Ante , Pocivalnik Mirjam , Ulreich Raphael , Zenz Werner , Schwinger Wolfgang , Beqo Besiana P. , Urban Christian , Haxhija Emir Q. , Lackner Herwig , Benesch Martin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDespite recent developments, the role of sirolimus in the heterogeneous spectrum of vascular anomalies is yet to be defined, in terms of indication, dosage, and therapy duration, recognizing both its potential and limitations.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 16 children with vascular anomalies treated with sirolimus in two pediatric centers between 2014 and 2020 [male: n = 7, the median age at diagnosis: 4.6 months (range, 0–281.4)]. In addition, repetitive volumetric analyses of the vascular anomalies were performed when possible (11 cases).ResultsTen patients were diagnosed with vascular malformations and 6 with vascular tumors. The mean therapy duration was 27.2 months (range, 3.5–65). The mean sirolimus level was 8.52 ng/ml (range, 5.38–12.88). All patients except one with central conducting lymphatic anomaly responded to sirolimus, with the most noticeable volume reduction in the first 4–6 months. Additional administration of vincristine was needed in five patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and yielded a response, even in cases, refractory to sirolimus monotherapy. As a single agent, sirolimus led to impressive improvement in a patient with another vascular tumor—advanced epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Complicated vascular malformations required long-term sirolimus therapy. Side effects of sirolimus included mucositis and laboratory abnormalities. No major infectious episodes were recorded. An infant with COVID-19, diagnosed while on sirolimus therapy, presented with a mild course.ConclusionIn the current series, we reported limitations of sirolimus as monotherapy, addressing the need to redefine its indications, and explore combination regimens and multimodal treatment strategies. Tools for objective evaluation of response trends over time could serve as a basis for the establishment of future therapeutic algorithms.
A Time Series of Snow Density and Snow Water Equivalent Observations Derived From the Integration of GPR and UAV SfM Observations
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Bonnell Randall , Zeller Lucas , Olsen-Mikitowicz Alex , Bump Ella , Webb Ryan , Marshall Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2022

Snow depth can be mapped from airborne platforms and measured in situ rapidly, but manual snow density and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements are time consuming to obtain using traditional survey methods. As a result, the limited number of point observations are likely insufficient to capture the true spatial complexity of snow density and SWE in many settings, highlighting the value of distributed observations. Here, we combine measured two-way travel time from repeat ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys along a ∼150 m transect with snow depth estimates from UAV-based Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) surveys to estimate snow density and SWE. These estimates were successfully calculated on eleven dates between January and May during the NASA SnowEx21 campaign at Cameron Pass, CO. GPR measurements were made with a surface-coupled Sensors and Software PulseEkko Pro 1 GHz system, while UAV flights were completed using a DJI Mavic 2 Pro platform and consisted of two orthogonal flights at ∼60 m elevation above ground level. SfM-MVS derived dense point clouds (DPCs) were georeferenced using eight ground control points and evaluated using three checkpoints, which were distributed across the ∼3.5 ha study plot containing the GPR transect. The DPCs were classified to identify the snow surface and then rasterized to produce snow-on digital surface models (DSMs) at 1 m resolution. Snow depths on each survey date were calculated by differencing these snow-on DSMs from a nearly snow-off DSM collected near the end of the melt season. SfM-derived snow depths were evaluated with independent snow depth measurements from manual probing (mean r2 = 0.67, NMAD = 0.11 m and RMSE = 0.12 m). The GPR-SfM derived snow densities were compared to snow density measurements made in snowpits (r2 = 0.42, NMAD = 39 kg m−3 and RMSE = 68 kg m−3). The integration of SfM and GPR observations provides an accurate, efficient, and a relatively non-destructive approach for measuring snow density and SWE at intermediate spatial scales and over seasonal timescales. Ongoing developments in snow depth retrieval technologies could be leveraged in the future to extend the spatial extent of this method.
Evaluation of free connective tissue graft and collagen matrix clinical effectiveness to increase soft tissue thickness around dental implants
Authors: Ashurko I. P. , Tarasenko S. V. , Esayan A. V. , Galyas A. I. , Li A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Implant-supported prostheses are currently one of the most popular rehabilitation methods in partially or fully edentulous patients. Peri-implant soft tissue thickness is one of the principal determinants to achieve an aesthetic result and prevent the development of mucositis and peri-implantitis.Material and methods. The study included 30 partially edentulous patients with a lack of soft tissue thickness in the planned surgery site. 15 patients underwent augmentation using a collagen matrix (group 1) and 15 patients – with a free connective tissue graft (group 2). The primary endpoint was the assessment of soft tissue thickness gain three months after the surgery. The secondary endpoints were the thickness assessment of keratinized attached gingiva (three months after the surgery), swelling and pain severity (on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day, 1 and 3 months after the surgery) and quality of life evaluation (OHIP-14) (before the surgery, seven days and three months after the surgery).Results. The soft tissues thickness gain was 1.181 ± 0.11 mm in group 1, 1.55 ± 0.11 mm – in group 2. The surgery took 8.4 minutes less (from 3.737 to 13.06) in group 1 than in group 2. The swelling assessment on the next day after surgery showed that the mean value was 2.73 ± 0.3 in group 1, 1.87 ± 0.74 – in group 2 (р = 0.0139). There were no statistically significant differences in the change in the width of the keratinized attached gingiva, pain syndrome and changes in patients' quality of life (p > 0.05)Conclusion. Collagen matrix, like a free connective tissue graft, is an effective way to increase the soft tissue thickness around dental implants.
Integral characteristics of Doppler ultrasound parameters in periodontal status assessment
Authors: Bondarchuk A. V. , Kharakh Y. N. , Kirakosyan L. G. , Karpova V. M. , Arutyunov S. D. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Microcirculation disorder is one of the leading mechanisms in the pathogenesis of inﬂammatory and degenerative periodontal diseases. Modern medicine assesses the blood ﬂow by the Doppler ultrasound, which has some essential advantages for a researcher. However, the possibilities of interpreting Doppler ultrasound data remain scarcely enlightened in the scientiﬁc literature.Materials and methods. Forty patients of both sexes, aged 18–25 years, with clinically intact periodontium, underwent a Doppler ultrasound test to investigate microcirculation in the area of tooth 1.6 at the levels of free gingiva, attached gingiva and mucobuccal fold, to study the integral characteristics of a Doppler ultrasound of tissue blood ﬂow. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the method of principal component analysis.Results. The principal component analysis demonstrated that Vam and Qam were the parameters closest to the integral blood ﬂow velocity, and the attached gingiva was the optimal point for transducer position.Conclusion. The principal component analysis allowed obtaining an integral parameter of blood ﬂow velocity (PC 1) and its features in various areas of the periodontium on tooth 1.6. Further studies are necessary due to the possible variability of periodontal microcirculation on other maxillary and mandibular teeth.
Guiding Kidney Transplantation Candidates for Effective Weight Loss: A Clinical Cohort Study
Authors: Kukla Aleksandra , Diwan Tayyab , Smith Byron H. , Collazo-Clavell Maria L. , Lorenz Elizabeth C. , Clark Matthew , Grothe Karen , Denic Aleksandar , Park Walter D. , Sahi Sukhdeep , Schinstock Carrie A. , Amer Hatem , Issa Naim , Bentall Andrew J. , Dean Patrick G. , Kudva Yogish C. , Mundi Manpreet , Stegall Mark D. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Obesity is increasingly common in kidney transplant candidates and may limit access to transplantation. Obesity and diabetes are associated with a high risk for post-transplant complications. The best approach to weight loss to facilitate active transplant listing is unknown, but bariatric surgery is rarely considered due to patient- and physician-related apprehension, among other factors.

Methods
We aimed to determine the magnitude of weight loss, listing, and transplant rates in 28 candidates with a mean BMI of 44.4±4.6 kg/m2 and diabetes treated conservatively for 1 year post weight-loss consultations (group 1). Additionally, we evaluated 15 patients (group 2) who met the inclusion criteria but received bariatric intervention within the same time frame. All patients completed a multidisciplinary weight management consultation with at least 1 year of follow-up.

Results
In the conservatively managed group (group 1), the mean weight at the time of initial consultation was 126.5±18.5 kg, and the mean BMI was 44.4±4.6 kg/m2. At 1 year post weight-loss consultation, the mean weight decreased by 4.4±8.2 kg to 122.9±17 kg, and the mean BMI was 43±4.8 kg/m2, with a total mean body weight decrease of 3% (P=0.01). Eighteen patients (64%) did not progress to become candidates for active listing/transplantation during the follow-up time of 4±2.9 years, with 15 (54%) subsequently developing renal failure/diabetes-related comorbidities prohibitive for transplantation. In contrast, mean total body weight decreased by 19% at 6 months post bariatric surgery, and the mean BMI was 34.2±4 and 32.5±3.7 kg/m2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Bariatric surgery was strongly associated with subsequent kidney transplantation (HR=8.39 [95% CI 1.71 to 41.19]; P=0.009).

Conclusions
A conservative weight-loss approach involving multidisciplinary consultation was ineffective in most kidney transplant candidates with diabetes, suggesting that a more proactive approach is needed.
PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM SEBAGAI SALURAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SECARA DARING DI SMAN 14 MAKASSAR
Authors: Herman Linda Herman , Haris Abdul , Yani Ahmad , Subaer Subaer , Usman Usman 
Published: May 2022

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre-eksperiment yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar fisika melalui saluran google classroom di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMAN 14 Makassar. Variabel penelitian adalah penggunaan saluran google classroom sebagai saluran media pembelajaran fisika secara daring dengan indikator hasil belajar fisika melalui saluran google classroom. subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 di SMAN 14 Makassar yang berjumlah 35 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes hasil belajar fisika peserta didik yang diberikan melalui google form. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa skor keseluruhan rata-rata persetase hasil belajar fisika melalui saluran google classroom berada pada kategori Sangat Tinggi dengan persentase 62,85%, sementara pada skor persentase hasil belajar fisika untuk indikator menerapkan (C3) memperoleh persentase tertinggi sebesar 57,14% dengan kategori Sangat Tinggi. Adapun untuk indikator menganalisis (C4) memperoleh persentase tertinggi sebesar 54,29% dengan kategori Sangat Tinggi. Kata kunci: canva, google classroom, hasil belajar fisika, media pembelajaran fisika.
Multi-band perfect absorber based on graphene monolayer coupled to photonic nanostructure
Authors: Shen Peng , Xiong Xicheng , Zhang Wei , Liu Yufang , Zhang Jun , Yu Kun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An active plasmonic device is designed to support multiple perfect absorption peaks using the highly confined graphene surface plasmons excited by silicon-based diffractive gratings. The physical origination corresponding to different absorption peaks is analyzed and the principle of impedance matching is used to explain perfect absorption. We show that the absorption spectrum is effectively controllable over a wide wavelength range by changing the Fermi levels, relaxation time of the graphene and geometric parameters of the device. This study could provide some possibilities facilitating the design of next-generation optical and photoelectronic structures by combining graphene and dielectric grating.