bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the primordial correlation of gravitons with gauge fields
Authors: Jain Rajeev Kumar , Sai P. Jishnu , Sloth Martin S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We calculate the primordial correlation of gravitons with an abelian gauge field non-minimally coupled through a dynamical dilaton field or a volume moduli during inflation in the early universe. In particular, we compute the cross-correlation of a tensor mode with two gauge field modes and the corresponding correlation functions for the associated magnetic and electric fields using the in-in formalism. Moreover, using semi-classical methods, we show that the three-point cross-correlation functions satisfy new consistency relations (soft theorems) in the squeezed limit. Our findings exhibit a complete agreement of the full in-in results with the new consistency relations.
An interesting consequence of our scenario is the possibility of a novel correlation of the primordial tensor mode with the primordial curvature perturbation induced by higher order quantum gravity corrections. The anisotropic background created by long wavelength gauge field modes makes this correlation function non-vanishing. Finally, we discuss how these three-point correlation functions are imprinted on cosmological observables today and the applications to scenarios of inflationary magnetogenesis.
Spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces: opportunities in neural recording and clinical challenges
Authors: Jiang Lei , Woodington Ben , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Malliaras George , Barone Damiano G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bioelectronic stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated significant progress in the restoration of motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). The proximal, uninjured spinal cord presents a viable target for the recording and generation of control signals to drive targeted stimulation. Signals have been directly recorded from the spinal cord in behaving animals and correlated with limb kinematics. Advances in flexible materials, electrode impedance and signal analysis will allow spinal cord recording (SCR) to be used in next-generation neuroprosthetics. In this review, we summarize the technological advances enabling progress in SCR and describe systematically the clinical challenges facing spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces and potential solutions, from device manufacture, surgical implantation to chronic effects of foreign body reaction and stress–strain mismatches between electrodes and neural tissue. Finally, we establish our vision of bi-directional closed-loop spinal cord bioelectronic bypass interfaces that enable the communication of disrupted sensory signals and restoration of motor function in SCI.
A finite element method framework to model extracellular neural stimulation
Authors: Fellner Andreas , Heshmat Amirreza , Werginz Paul , Rattay Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Increasing complexity in extracellular stimulation experiments and neural implant design also requires realistic computer simulations capable of modeling the neural activity of nerve cells under the influence of an electrical stimulus. Classical model approaches are often based on simplifications, are not able to correctly calculate the electric field generated by complex electrode designs, and do not consider electrical effects of the cell on its surrounding. A more accurate approach is the finite element method (FEM), which provides necessary techniques to solve the Poisson equation for complex geometries under consideration of electrical tissue properties. Especially in situations where neurons experience large and non-symmetric extracellular potential gradients, a FEM solution that implements the cell membrane model can improve the computer simulation results. To investigate the response of neurons in an electric field generated by complex electrode designs, a FEM framework for extracellular stimulation was developed in COMSOL. Approach. Methods to implement morphologically- and biophysically-detailed neurons including active Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) cell membrane dynamics as well as the stimulation setup are described in detail. Covered methods are (a) development of cell and electrode geometries including meshing strategies, (b) assignment of physics for the conducting spaces and the realization of active electrodes, (c) implementation of the HH model, and (d) coupling of the physics to get a fully described model. Main results. Several implementation examples are briefly presented: (a) a full FEM implementation of a HH model cell stimulated with a honeycomb electrode, (b) the electric field of a cochlear electrode placed inside the cochlea, and (c) a proof of concept implementation of a detailed double-cable cell membrane model for myelinated nerve fibers. Significance. The presented concepts and methods provide basic and advanced techniques to realize a full FEM framework for innovative studies of neural excitation in response to extracellular stimulation.
Experimental investigation of L- and H-mode detachment via the divertor Thomson scattering at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Cavedon M. , Kurzan B. , Bernert M. , Brida D. , Dux R. , Griener M. , Henderson S. , Huett E. , Nishizawa T. , Lunt T. , Pan O. , Stroth U. , Wischmeier M. , Wolfrum E. , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The capabilities of the newly installed divertor Thomson Scattering (DTS) diagnostic (Kurzan et al 2021 J. Inst.
16 C09012) at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) have been demonstrated by measuring 2D electron densities n
e and temperatures T
e from attached to fully detached divertor conditions in L- and H-mode. The collected dataset is a breakthrough for divertor studies at AUG in which such measurements have been so far missing. Besides highlighting the strengths and limits of the DTS system, this work provides confirmations and new insights into detachment physics. The transition between partial and pronounced detachment correlates with a 2D redistribution of the electron density from the inner to the outer divertor in both L- and H-mode. In pronounced detachment, a strong parallel pressure gradient could be confirmed throughout the complete SOL. Finally, measurements of n
e and T
e of a stable X-point radiator revealed local temperatures as low as 1 eV within the confined plasma, whereas the pressure is shown to be constant on closed field lines.
Sea-level rise and warming mediate coastal groundwater discharge in the Arctic
Authors: Guimond Julia A , Mohammed Aaron A , Walvoord Michelle A , Bense Victor F , Kurylyk Barret L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Groundwater discharge is an important mechanism through which fresh water and associated solutes are delivered to the ocean. Permafrost environments have traditionally been considered hydrogeologically inactive, yet with accelerated climate change and permafrost thaw, groundwater flow paths are activating and opening subsurface connections to the coastal zone. While warming has the potential to increase land-sea connectivity, sea-level change has the potential to alter land-sea hydraulic gradients and enhance coastal permafrost thaw, resulting in a complex interplay that will govern future groundwater discharge dynamics along Arctic coastlines. Here, we use a recently developed permafrost hydrological model that simulates variable-density groundwater flow and salinity-dependent freeze-thaw to investigate the impacts of sea-level change and land and ocean warming on the magnitude, spatial distribution, and salinity of coastal groundwater discharge. Results project both an increase and decrease in discharge with climate change depending on the rate of warming and sea-level change. Under high warming and low sea-level rise scenarios, results show up to a 58% increase in coastal groundwater discharge by 2100 due to the formation of a supra-permafrost aquifer that enhances freshwater delivery to the coastal zone. With higher rates of sea-level rise, the increase in discharge due to warming is reduced to 21% as sea-level rise decreased land-sea hydraulic gradients. Under lower warming scenarios for which supra-permafrost groundwater flow was not established, discharge decreased by up to 26% between 1980 and 2100 for high sea-level rise scenarios and increased only 8% under low sea-level rise scenarios. Thus, regions with higher warming rates and lower rates of sea-level change (e.g. northern Nunavut, Canada) will experience a greater increase in discharge than regions with lower warming rates and higher rates of sea-level change. The magnitude, location and salinity of discharge have important implications for ecosystem function, water quality, and carbon dynamics in coastal zones.
Molecular beam epitaxy of PtSe2 using a co-deposition approach
Authors: Hilse Maria , Wang Ke , Engel-Herbert Roman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The structural properties of co-deposited ultrathin PtSe2 films grown at low temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy on c-plane Al2O3 are studied. By simultaneously supplying a Se flux from a Knudsen cell and Pt atoms from an electron-beam evaporator, crystalline (001)-oriented PtSe2 films were formed between 200 °C and 300 °C. The long separation between substrate and electron beam evaporator of about 60 cm ensured minimal thermal load. At optimum deposition temperatures, a ten times or even higher supply rate of Se compared to Pt ensured that the pronounced volatility of the Se was compensated and the PtSe2 phase was formed and stabilized at the growth front. Postgrowth anneals under a Se flux was found to dramatically improve the crystalline quality of the films. Even before the postgrowth anneal in Se, the crystallinity of PtSe2 films grown with the co-deposition method was superior to films realized by thermal assisted conversion. Postgrowth annealed films showed Raman modes with narrower peaks and more than twice the intensity. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the deposited material transitioned to a two-dimensional layered structure only after the postgrowth anneal. PtSe2 growth was found to start as single layer islands that preferentially nucleated at atomic steps of the substrate and progressed in a layer-by-layer like fashion. A close to ideal wetting behavior resulted in coalesced PtSe2 films after depositing about 1.5 PtSe2 layers. Detailed Raman investigation of the observed PtSe2 layer breathing modes of films grown under optimized co-deposition conditions revealed an interlayer coupling force constant of 5.0–5.6 × 1019 N m−3.
Human Resource Management: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human Resource Management: A Very Short Introduction describes how the key players and watershed moments in labour history shaped the state of human resource management today. In our era of globalization, human resource management has to contend with a number of new and increasingly complex factors. These include global sourcing, regional trade agreements and labour standards, remote working, strategic alliances, and innovation driven by competition. As traditional sources of competitive advantage evaporate, firms increasingly look to human resource management to offer a competitive edge. This VSI shows how human resource management covers the relations between employees and their employers, exploring the range of HR practices, processes, and line management activities.
What is Human Resource Management and why does it matter?
Authors: Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘What is Human Resource Management and why does it matter?’ discusses what Human Resource Management (HRM) is. At its root, HRM focuses on managing employment relationships, as well as the implicit and explicit agreements established between individuals and organizations. The history and evolution of HRM emphasizes its long-standing concern with a human focus with emphasis on employee well-being. HRM also focuses on employees as a resource in delivering performance. In addition, there is a focus on management, including the changing role of the HR function, its organization, and professionalization as the HR function moves away from administrative and transactional requirements of personnel matters, towards taking a more strategic role focusing on managing change and building organizational culture.
A multi-centre cohort study on healthcare use due to medication-related harm: the role of frailty and polypharmacy
Authors: Stevenson Jennifer M , Parekh Nikesh , Chua Kia-Chong , Davies J Graham , Schiff Rebekah , Rajkumar Chakravarthi , Ali Khalid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the association between frailty and medication-related harm requiring healthcare utilisation.

Design
Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting
Six primary and five secondary care sites across South East England, September 2013–November 2015.

Participants
One thousand and two hundred and eighty participants, ≥65 years old, who were due for discharge from general medicine and older persons’ wards following an acute episode of care. Exclusion criteria were limited life expectancy, transfer to another hospital and consent not gained.

Main outcome measures
Medication-related harm requiring healthcare utilisation (including primary, secondary or tertiary care consultations related to MRH), including adverse drug reactions, non-adherence and medication error determined via the review of data from three sources: patient/carer reports gathered through a structured telephone interview; primary care medical record review; and prospective consultant-led review of readmission to recruiting hospital. Frailty was measured using a Frailty Index, developed using a standardised approach. Marginal estimates were obtained from logistic regression models to examine how probabilities of healthcare service use due to medication-related harm were associated with increasing number of medicines and frailty.

Results
Healthcare utilisation due to medication-related harm was significantly associated with frailty (OR = 10.06, 95% CI 2.06–49.26, P = 0.004), independent of age, gender, and number of medicines. With increasing frailty, the need for healthcare use as a result of MRH increases from a probability of around 0.2–0.4. This is also the case for the number of medicines.

Conclusions
Frailty is associated with MRH, independent of polypharmacy. Reducing the burden of frailty through an integrated health and social care approach, alongside strategies to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy, may reduce MRH related healthcare utilisation.
Narratives of individual capacities: Positive organisational scholarship amongst child welfare workers in Norway
Authors: Olaniyan Oyeniyi Samuel , Hetland Hilde , Karanika-Murray Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Child welfare services across the world are often criticised for the quality of service and care that they provide. Whilst the validity of some of these criticisms is debatable, critics often neglect to take into account the intense nature and working conditions of this work, staff mental health and well-being, and the range of work-related psychosocial risks in child welfare workers’ (CWW) daily work. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore CWW work experiences and personal capacities to conduct their work. We achieve this through the lens of positive organisational scholarship and in-depth interviews with sixteen CWW in Norway. Thematic narrative analysis yielded five distinct personal capacities: showing commitment and going the extra mile, viewing challenges as opportunities for learning and growth, demonstrating confidence and efficacy beliefs, controlling work behaviours and prioritising work tasks. These personal capacities enabled CWW to perform their work despite excessive pressure and demands at work, since they serve as protective factors for their well-being and performance. Our in-depth findings highlight the utility of making more resources available for building and maintaining individual capacities to support this work group, especially when changing the nature of the work and working conditions is not feasible.
Gender representation in science publication: evidence from Brain Communications
Authors: Marescotti Manuela , Loreto Flavia , Spires-Jones Tara L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The persistent underrepresentation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM) points to the need to continue promoting the awareness and understanding of this phenomenon. Being one of the main outputs of scientific work, academic publications provide the opportunity to quantify the gender gap in science as well as to identify possible sources of bias and areas of improvement. Brain Communications is a ‘young’ journal founded in 2019, committed to transparent publication of rigorous work in neuroscience, neurology and psychiatry. For all manuscripts (n = 796) received by the journal between 2019 and 2021, we analysed the gender of all authors (n = 7721) and reviewers (n = 4492). Overall, women were 35.3% of all authors and 31.3% of invited reviewers. A considerably higher proportion of women was found in first authorship (42.4%) than in last authorship positions (24.9%). The representation of women authors and reviewers decreased further in the months following COVID-19 restrictions, suggesting a possible exacerbating role of the pandemic on existing disparities in science publication. The proportion of manuscripts accepted for publication was not significantly different according to the gender of the first, middle or last authors, meaning we found no evidence of gender bias within the review or editorial decision-making processes at Brain Communications.
Screening for Ocular Candidiasis Among Patients With Candidemia: Is It Time to Change Practice?
Authors: O’Donnell Matthew , Eller Andrew W , Waxman Evan L , Clancy Cornelius J , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ocular candidiasis (OC) complicates approximately 10% of candidemia and carries potentially severe morbidity. There are conflicting recommendations about the need for routine funduscopic examinations of candidemic patients. Indirect funduscopy is accurate and safe in diagnosing OC, and positive findings change recommended treatment. However, conclusive evidence that treatment changes improve outcomes is lacking. Bringing perspectives as infectious diseases physicians and ophthalmologists, we review controversies about OC and endorse routine screening during candidemia. We acknowledge difficulties in obtaining inpatient ophthalmologic consults and recommend studies to evaluate digital fundus photography and teleophthalmology as an alternative to funduscopic examinations by ophthalmologists in asymptomatic patients.
Attenuation and recovery of an avoidance response to a chemical antipredator cue in an invasive fish: implications for use as a repellent in conservation
Authors: Wagner C Michael , Bals Jason D , Hanson Mikaela E , Scott Anne M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The detection of predation risk without direct engagement with a predator is an important driver of prey movement strategies. Consequently, the application of alarm cues may prove an effective tool in guiding the movements of fishes targeted for control or conservation. However, failure to contemplate the sensory, physiological and cognitive outcomes of repeated or persistent exposure to the cue will likely lead to poor performance of management practices. Using a series of behavioural tests and physiological recordings from the olfactory organ, we examined the timing of onset and recovery of the alarm response in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) when exposed continuously or sporadically to its alarm cue. In the laboratory, sea lamprey exhibited short-term, reversible attenuation of the alarm response over 2–4 h with continuous exposure. The alarm response spontaneously recovered after 30–60 min of removal from the cue. In long-duration free-swimming tests, where the animals were allowed to move into and out of the odour plume volitionally, repeated but sporadic encounter with the alarm cue over 5 h did not alter the alarm response. Electro-olfactogram recordings from the main olfactory epithelium indicated that olfactory sensory neurons quickly adapt to alarm cue and recovered within 15 min. Our findings strongly implicate habituation as the mechanism that induces reduction in the alarm response and provide insight into the design of effective management practices that seek to use fish alarm cues as repellents.
Course of pain and fluctuations in pain related to suspected early hip osteoarthritis: the CHECK study
Authors: van Berkel Annemaria C , Schiphof Dieuwke , Waarsing Jan H , Runhaar Jos , van Ochten John M , Bindels Patrick J E , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence during a 10-year follow-up of clinically relevant fluctuations in pain and the course of hip pain in participants with hip complaints suspected to be early stage hip osteoarthritis (OA). To distinguish between participants with relevant fluctuations in pain and those without based on baseline characteristics.

Methods
Data were collected at baseline and after 2, 5, 8, and 10 years on 495 participants from the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee Study (CHECK) with hip pain at baseline. Baseline demographic, anamnestic, and physical-examination characteristics were assessed. The primary outcome was levels of pain in the past week (scored using 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale) at follow-up assessments. Relevant fluctuation was defined as average absolute residuals greater than 1 after fitting a straight line to the participant’s pain scores over time.

Results
The majority of the participants (76%) had stable or decreasing pain. Relevant fluctuations were found in 37% of the participants. The following baseline variables were positively associated with the presence of relevant fluctuations: higher levels of pain in the past week, use of pain transformation as a coping style, higher number of comorbidities, use of pain medication, and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. No associations were found for baseline radiographic hip OA or clinical hip OA.

Conclusion
During a 10-year follow-up, the majority of participants had stable or decreasing pain levels. In those participants with relevant fluctuation (37%), a limited number of baseline variables were associated with increased odds of having relevant fluctuations in pain.
Growth and yield model comparisons for mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the southeastern US
Authors: Peay W Spencer , Bullock Bronson P , Montes Cristian R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Growth and yield models are important tools for forest managers. This study compares six models used for loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern US including the Plantation Management Research Cooperative’s (PMRC) 1996, 2004 and 2014 models, the Loblolly Decision Support System (LobDSS v. 3.0.1.3), PTAEDA (v. 4.0.11) and ForesTech International’s Simulator for Managed Stands (SiMS v. 2009). Model runs were initiated using pre- and post-thin measurement values from first-thinned, Piedmont/Upper Coastal Plain installations of the PMRC’s Mid-rotation Treatment (MRT) Study and were then evaluated using the re-measurement data at 2, 4 and 6 years since treatment (YST). Several plots used in this analysis incorporate mid-rotation treatments including thinning and fertilization; these treatments were incorporated into the appropriate model simulations. Three fit statistics were used to compare model outputs to measured MRT values. A linear mixed-effects model was estimated to compare model green weight (GWT) outputs across the different treatment and YST combinations. Results revealed that GWT estimates from LobDSS, SiMS and the PMRC 2004 and 2014 models were not statistically different from each other or the MRT data GWT estimates. GWT estimates from PTAEDA and the PMRC 1996 models were significantly different from the other four models. Overall, these findings support land managers confidence in growth and yield models and their use for managed stands.