bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of three‐dimensional reconstruction of left upper lung lobes in anatomical segmental resection
Authors: Fan Kun , Feng Jinteng , Li Yixing , Liu Bohao , Tao Runyi , Wang Zhiyu , Zhao Heng , Zhang Yanpeng , Wang Jiansheng , Zhang Guangjian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lobar and segmental anatomy are the basis for anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy.MethodsFrom October 2017 to June 2021, 136 patients with small pulmonary nodules scheduled for anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy at our institution underwent three‐dimensional (3D) lung reconstruction. The anatomy of the left upper lobe (LUL) was statistically analyzed and graphically mapped using the reconstructed models, and the role of this reconstruction method in performing pulmonary segmentectomy was explored.ResultsThrough the analysis of the reconstructed models, the upper stem (S1 + 2 + 3) bronchus was classified as having two (94/136 cases) or three branches (42/136 cases). The upper stem artery had two branches in 24/136 patients, three in 60/136 cases, four in 44/136 cases, and five in 8/136 cases. A total of 103/136 upper stem veins had two branches, 26/136 had three branches, and 7/136 had four branches. The lingual stem (S4 + 5) bronchus was two‐branched in 116/136 cases and three‐branched in 20/136 cases, while the lingual artery was single‐branched in 61/136 cases, two‐branched in 70/136 cases, and three‐branched in rare cases (5/136 cases). The lingual stem vein was unbranched in 119/136 cases and two‐branched in 17/136 cases. Additionally, six unusual variants (<5%) were identified: one in the bronchus, with four cases; three in the pulmonary artery, with six cases; and two in the pulmonary vein, with two cases.Conclusions3D reconstruction can yield results similar to specimens for lung segment studies. The reconstruction strategy and the data presented in this article will be valuable references for thoracic surgeons performing anatomic resections.
Isolated left ventricular assist device implantation produces variable changes to patient body mass index
Authors: Chandratre Sonal R. , Smith Nathan J. , Walsh Richard W. , Kindel Tammy L. , Sundararajan Sakthi K. , Joyce David L. , Mohammed Asim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is an important consideration for transplant‐eligible left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients. LVAD therapy’s impact on BMI is unclear. We evaluated BMI changes in patients who underwent LVAD implantation. The association between these patients’ BMI and the transplant was studied.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent LVAD implantation between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 at our institution. Patients were stratified by preoperative BMI (kg/m2) into four groups: <30, 30–34.9, 34.9–39.9, and ≥40. BMI data were collected at 12 and 6 months prior to implantation, time of implantation, and 3‐ and 6‐ months postimplantation.ResultsA total of 107 patients underwent LVAD implantation at our institution. Data were available for 80 patients. Baseline characteristics included a mean age of 56.0 years, 69% male, and a mean implant BMI of 29.9 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The mean BMI (kg/m2) for each of the BMI (kg/m2) groups <30, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and ≥40 (n = 60, 25, 12, and 10, respectively) was 25.1, 32.5, 36.8, and 43.8, respectively. There was no consistent pattern with weight change across differing implant BMIs. No patient with a BMI of <30 gained sufficient weight to impact transplant candidacy. Twenty‐three percent of patients with a BMI of 30–34.9 kg/m2, 60% of patients with a BMI of 35–39.9 kg/m2, and 87.5% of patients with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 had a 6‐month BMI potentially affecting transplant.ConclusionsAssociated weight changes during LVAD support may significantly impact transplant candidacy. Higher BMI groups may benefit from multimodal and multidisciplinary targeted weight‐loss interventions.
Local healthcare professionals need to work together to implement bronchiolitis guidelines that stop unnecessary tests and treatments
Authors: Korppi Matti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis mini review summarised studies published over a 10‐year period on the impact of guidelines for diagnosing and managing bronchiolitis in children, with a special focus on interventions that enhanced adherence during implementation.MethodsPubMed was searched from 1 December 2011 to 31 November 2021 for papers published in English that used the terms bronchiolitis, child or infant, guidelines and either implementation or impact. After the exclusion criteria had been applied, 27 articles were reviewed in more detail. Eight described protocols without any comparisons and were excluded. Ten of the 19 remaining studies evaluated the impact of bronchiolitis guidelines, and 9 examined the effects of interventions linked to their publication.ResultsJust releasing evidence‐based guidelines had a poor impact, but this improved when local tailored current care, clinical practice or best‐practice guidelines were issued. Even better results were achieved when all the staff treating bronchiolitis patients participated in the preparation and implementation of local guidelines. Adherence to the guidelines was as high as 85% when multidisciplinary, and multifaceted interventions were used to complement the publication of guidelines.ConclusionHealthcare professionals need to work together to avoid children receiving bronchiolitis management that is unnecessary and not based on evidence.
“Biosimilar, so it looks alike, but what does it mean?” A qualitative study of Danish patients' perceptions of biosimilars
Authors: Varma Meera , Almarsdóttir Anna Birna , Druedahl Louise C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiosimilars are highly similar follow‐on products for biologics that can foster biologics competition. Questionnaire studies have attempted to gauge the patient perspective on biosimilars, but none have delved deeper into how patients view biologics and switching of these. Considering Denmark has one of the highest biosimilar uptakes worldwide, the aim of this study was to investigate how Danish patients with psoriasis, arthritic diseases or inflammatory bowel disease perceive biosimilars. Twelve participants were semi‐structurally interviewed in either a focus group or an internet‐based, individual interview between May 2019 and July 2019. Content analysis was inductively applied. Participants on originators voiced more reluctance towards using biosimilars than those already using them. Both participants using originator and biosimilar products expressed concerns about reoccurrence of disease symptoms due to differences in effectiveness and safety. Participants generally struggled with understanding biosimilarity, and they voiced a need to be well‐informed about switching. They were all aware of and accepted how healthcare budget restrictions played a role in the push to use biosimilars. To improve biosimilar uptake and willingness to switch to a biosimilar, patient‐centred information on efficacy and safety and explanation of the societal benefits of the savings from using biosimilars must be carefully communicated.
British Society for Haematology guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of malaria
Authors: Rogers Claire L. , Bain Barbara J. , Garg Mamta , Fernandes Savio , Mooney Ciaran , Chiodini Peter L. ,   British Society for Haematology
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe laboratory diagnosis of malaria depends on skilled examination of well‐stained thick and thin blood films. Rapid diagnostic tests are a useful supplement and the use of nucleic acid‐based testing in diagnostic laboratories should also be considered. These British Society for Haematology guidelines update the 2003 guidelines for malaria diagnosis. Training, quality control, incidental diagnosis, differential diagnosis and reference laboratory referral are considered.
Horizontal mergers, cost savings, and network effects
Authors: Cosnita‐Langlais Andreea , Rasch Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider a horizontally differentiated oligopoly and investigate the relationship between merger cost savings and network effects for the incentives of firms to merge and for the postmerger welfare outcomes. We show that it is more profitable to be an insider rather than an outsider of the merger, unless both cost savings and network effects are too low. Mergers can improve customer and total welfare provided both cost savings and network effects are high enough. We find that the possibility for network effects to lead to a Pareto improvement through merger is shown to depend on the number of outside firms.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C modulates cortical NMDA receptor activity in cortical lesions of young patients and rat model with focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Shen Kai‐Feng , Duan Qing‐Tian , Duan Wei , Xu Sen‐Lin , An Ning , Ke Yan‐Yan , Wang Li‐Ting , Liu Shi‐Yong , Yang Hui , Zhang Chun‐Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmergence of dysmorphic neurons is the primary pathology in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) associated pediatric intractable epilepsy; however, the etiologies related to the development and function of dysmorphic neurons are not fully understood. Our previous studies revealed that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and corresponding receptors VEGFR‐2, VEGFR‐3 was increased in the epileptic lesions of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Here, we showed that the expression of VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐2, and VEGFR‐3 was increased at both mRNA and protein levels in patients with cortical lesions of type I, IIa, and IIb FCD. The immunoreactivity of VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐2 and VEGFR‐3 was located in the micro‐columnar neurons in FCD type I lesions, dysplastic neurons (DNs) in FCD type IIa lesions, balloon cells (BCs) and astrocytes in FCD type IIb lesions. Additionally, the amplitude of evoked‐EPSCs (eEPSC) mediated by NMDA receptor, the ratio of NMDA receptor‐ and AMPA receptor‐mediated eEPSC were increased in the dysmorphic neurons of FCD rats established by prenatal X‐ray radiation. Furthermore, NMDA receptor mediated current in dysmorphic neurons was further potentiated by exogenous administration of VEGF‐C, however, could be antagonized by ki8751, the blocker of VEGFR‐2. These results suggest that VEGF‐C system participate in the pathogenesis of cortical lesions in patients with FCD in association with modulating NMDA receptor–mediated currents.
Qualitative evaluation of the pre‐implementation phase of a rural dental clinic co‐located within a health center in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Authors: Cruz Stephanie , Kerr Darragh , Patiño Nguyen Daisy , Carlyle Adi , Chi Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe development of a dental clinic within an existing Rural Health Clinic (RHC) was proposed to improve access to dental care for Medicaid enrollees in Washington. This qualitative study assessed the implementation of a co‐located dental clinic in a rural community during the pre‐implementation phase. Additionally, we sought to determine the needs and expectations of community members living in this rural Washington county.MethodsThis study took place in Jefferson County, Washington, a Dental Health Professional Shortage Area. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 42 participants, consisting of administrators (n = 9), health providers (n = 9) and community members (n = 24). Administrators and health providers were interviewed by phone. Community members were interviewed in‐person at Jefferson Healthcare primary care clinics or by phone. Interview data were deductively coded, and thematic analysis with a hybrid inductive‐deductive approach was used to analyse coded data.ResultsFive themes were identified regarding local needs and expectations: dental care as a major need in the community, persisting barriers to dental care access, expecting more than a ‘Medicaid experience’, visions for a clinic that serves the community, and solutions outside the clinic to improve community oral health.ConclusionsBy improving access to dental care, a co‐located dental clinic is helping to address general dental care needs in rural communities. Policy‐level solutions that address housing and food insecurity, improve public transportation, and retain and expand low‐income adult Medicaid dental benefits may be needed to overcome persisting barriers to oral health.
Withdrawal of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Andersen Ida B. , Sørensen Marie G. R. , Dogansen Sema C. , Cheol Ryong Ku , Vilar Lucio , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Krogh Jesper 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following dopamine agonist (DA) withdrawal and to identify predictors of successful withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.Design, patients, and measurementsA systematic review of observational eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with normoprolactinaemia after cessation of DA treatment. Secondary outcome included the proportion of patients with normoprolactinaemia after DA withdrawal using individual patient data. Risk of bias was assessed by using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Pooled proportions were estimated using a random effects model in case I2 ≤ 75% or by reporting range of effects if I2 > 75%.ResultsThirty‐two observational studies enroling 1563 patients were included. The proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia ranged from 0% to 75% (I2 = 84%). Heterogeneity was partly explained by age with more successful withdrawal in patients of higher age. Individual patient data analyses suggested that the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia 6 months after DA withdrawal with a low maintenance dose and full regression of the prolactinoma was 87.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 60.7–97.1; I2 = 0%) and 58.4% (95% CI = 23.8–86.3; I2 = 75%) for microadenomas and macroadenomas, respectively.ConclusionsThe proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following DA withdrawal treatment varied greatly, partly explained by the mean age of participants of the individual studies. Individual patient data analysis suggested that successful withdrawal was likely in patients with full regression of prolactinomas using a low maintenance dose before cessation.
Allelic variation in HLA‐DRB1 is associated with development of antidrug antibodies in cancer patients treated with atezolizumab that are neutralizing in vitro
Authors: Hammer Christian , Ruppel Jane , Kamen Lynn , Hunkapiller Julie , Mellman Ira , Quarmby Valerie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe treatment of diseases with biologic agents can result in the formation of antidrug antibodies (ADA). Although drivers for ADA formation are unknown, a role for antigen presentation is likely, and variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes has been shown to be associated with occurrence of ADA for several biologics. Here, we performed an HLA‐wide association study in 1982 patients treated with the anti‐PD‐L1 antibody atezolizumab across eight clinical trials. On average, 29.8% of patients were ADA‐positive (N = 591, range of 13.5%–38.4% per study) and 14.6% of patients were positive for ADA that were neutralizing in vitro (neutralizing antibodies [NAb], N = 278, range of 6.4%–21.9% per study). In a meta‐analysis of logistic regression coefficients, we found statistically significant associations between HLA class II alleles and ADA status. The top‐associated alleles were HLA‐DRB1*01:01 in a comparison of ADA‐positive versus ADA‐negative patients (p = 3.4 × 10−5, odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.64–2.28) and HLA‐DQA1*01:01 when comparing NAb‐positive with ADA‐negative patients (p = 2.8 × 10−7, OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.98–2.66). Both alleles occur together on a common HLA haplotype, and analyses considering only NAb‐negative, ADA‐positive patients did not yield significant results, suggesting that the genetic association is mainly driven by NAb status. In conclusion, our study showed that HLA class II genotype is associated with the risk of developing ADA, and specifically NAb, in patients treated with atezolizumab, but the effect estimates suggest that immunogenetic factors are not sufficient as clinically meaningful predictors.
Dental students' knowledge and reporting of child maltreatment: Where are we at today both here and abroad?
Authors: Ivanoff Chris S. , Andonov Bogomil , Hottel Timothy L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe study investigates whether suspected child abuse/neglect (SCAN) training in dental school has increased dental student SCAN knowledge and, consequently, reporting.Materials and MethodsA 25‐question survey used to assess for SCAN knowledge in 2006 was readministered to a group of dental students at one US dental school in St. Louis, MO, which has integrated SCAN training into its curriculum for at least 3 years, and one dental school in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, which has not integrated SCAN training as a control.ResultsOf 16 questions assessing for SCAN knowledge, group US students answered 14 questions correctly and performed better than US students surveyed in 2006. By comparison, group Bulgaria students with no SCAN training answered 15 questions correctly. When asked what their legal responsibilities were concerning SCAN, 96.4% of group US students knew they were required to report, whilst only half of group Bulgaria (48.9%) responded correctly. The results suggest that integrating SCAN training into the curriculum is effective in conveying this important message. However, in a question asking students whether they encountered a child at dental school who they suspected was the victim of child maltreatment and if so, how did they act, there were no indications that students at either school made any reports as the question was either answered “no” or left blank. The number of SCAN cases reported by campus authorities was also zero.ConclusionThe results suggest that classroom training in SCAN is not motivating students to report SCAN at their dental school, despite increased knowledge.
Ketamine and sleep modulate neural complexity dynamics in cats
Authors: Pascovich Claudia , Castro‐Zaballa Santiago , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Bor Daniel , Canales‐Johnson Andrés , Torterolo Pablo , Bekinschtein Tristan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the level of consciousness can be captured by neural informational complexity: for instance, complexity, as measured by the Lempel Ziv (LZ) compression algorithm, decreases during anaesthesia and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in humans and rats, when compared with LZ in awake and REM sleep. In contrast, LZ is higher in humans under the effect of psychedelics, including subanaesthetic doses of ketamine. However, it is both unclear how this result would be modulated by varying ketamine doses, and whether it would extend to other species. Here, we studied LZ with and without auditory stimulation during wakefulness and different sleep stages in five cats implanted with intracranial electrodes, as well as under subanaesthetic doses of ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg i.m.). In line with previous results, LZ was lowest in NREM sleep, but similar in REM and wakefulness. Furthermore, we found an inverted U‐shaped curve following different levels of ketamine doses in a subset of electrodes, primarily in prefrontal cortex. However, it is worth noting that the variability in the ketamine dose–response curve across cats and cortices was larger than that in the sleep‐stage data, highlighting the differential local dynamics created by two different ways of modulating conscious state. These results replicate previous findings, both in humans and other species, demonstrating that neural complexity is highly sensitive to capture state changes between wake and sleep stages while adding a local cortical description. Finally, this study describes the differential effects of ketamine doses, replicating a rise in complexity for low doses, and further fall as doses approach anaesthetic levels in a differential manner depending on the cortex.
Pandemic restrictions in Ethiopia: Impact on family law cases in Amhara regional state courts
Authors: Getnet Asnakech 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of pandemic restrictions on the family court system in Ethiopia. As lack of technological infrastructure made shifting to online services impossible, court services remained in‐person. Public health measures required a drastic reduction in case hearings in order to allow social distancing. Both federal and regional state courts were partially closed from early March 2020 to end of September 2020 and only entertained cases of “urgent” nature that affected life, liberty, and public safety. The article focuses on strategies adopted by family courts in Amhara Regional State with respect to its impacts on litigating parties in such courts. It argues partial closure of court services disrupted access to justice in family law cases and increased vulnerability of women and children. This article proposes alternative strategies other than partial closure of court services.
The development of L2 interactional competence in Arabic: The case of multiple requests
Authors: Al‐Gahtani Saad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored the development of L2 learners' interactional competence in Arabic when making requests. Combining a longitudinal and cross‐sectional design, it closely examined how learners' language proficiency affected their use of multiple requests in daily‐life interactions. Participants included L2 learners (n = 40) and Saudi Arabic native speakers (NSs) (n = 10). L2 learners were evenly divided into two groups (low‐level and high‐level). They each completed three interactive role‐plays in Phase 1 and three similar scenarios in Phase 2 6 months later. The findings showed that multiple requests can be vertically (e repair) and horizontally (i.e., recapitulation) organized in the talk. Multiple requests in a vertical arrangement occurred due to L2 learners' violation of sequence organization rules. L2 learners with lower proficiency levels were more likely to make multiple requests vertically. However, as their proficiency improved, their use of vertically arranged multiple requests reduced. On the other hand, multiple requests in a horizontal arrangement occurred with increasing L2 learners' linguistic and interactional competence. At native‐like linguistic and interactional competence levels, L2 learners tended to decrease this interactional practice and adhered firmly to turn‐taking and adjacency pair rules. Furthermore, it was found that L2 learners, no matter what their proficiency level, relied heavily on Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) while Arabic NSs tended to use the Saudi dialect. Therefore, it was concluded that learners' proficiency plays a crucial role in the production of multiple requests in interaction and their reliance on MSA in daily interactions reflects their incomplete pragmatic competence.