bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual harassment policies in nonprofits
Authors: Ma Yinglin , Beaton Erynn E. , Bhati Abhishek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nonprofit sector strives to be a virtuous and transparent space, one that is diverse, inclusive, and welcoming. Still, inappropriate and exclusionary behaviors can and do occur in nonprofits—one of which is sexual harassment (SXH). Currently, little research on SXH in the nonprofit sector exists, and even less is known about the steps taken by nonprofits to protect their employees and stakeholders from SXH. This study examines rates of SXH policy adoption among nonprofits and the relationship between SXH policy adoption and organizational characteristics. Drawing from a state‐wide survey, we find that there is wide variation among nonprofits in their adoption of a written SXH policy. Organizations that have full‐time employees, more revenue, and greater capacity are more likely to have a policy. Organizations that serve women are no more likely to have a policy; however, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender‐serving organizations are more likely to have a policy. We discuss the implications of these results, including the conceptualization of SXH as part of the broader issues of discrimination, harassment, and bullying in nonprofits.
Progress in the mechanical enhancement of hydrogels: Fabrication strategies and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Lin Xuan , Zhao Xianwei , Xu Chongzhi , Wang Lili , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogels have become ideal materials in the nascent applications of tissue engineering, soft robots, drug delivery, and so forth. However, compared with biological tissues, the inherent heterogeneous microstructure and low density of polymer chains make hydrogels mechanically weak, severely limiting their use as structural materials. In recent decades, in order to meet the mechanical requirements of load‐bearing biomaterials, significant research effort have been devoted to improving the mechanical parameters of hydrogels. To achieve this goal, fiber/fabric reinforced hydrogels, double network hydrogels, supramolecular‐interaction‐based hydrogels, hydrogels with well‐aligned microstructures, and solvent induced robust hydrogels have been investigated. In this review, the fabrication strategies, the relationships between the structure and the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogel, and the underlying enhancement mechanisms in various classes of hydrogel have been summarized. Here, the mechanisms behind these strategies rely on creating the mechanically effective networks, which are achieved by introducing a rigidly reinforced phase, synergistic network with distinctive features, sacrificial bonds, oriented hierarchical structures, or increased supramolecular interactions. Despite significant achievements toward strong and tough hydrogels, considerable important challenges remain, such as simultaneously achieving high strength, toughness, and high water content of hydrogels. It is believed that the already proposed strategies will push the development of hydrogels.
The prognostic role of lymph node dissection counts in the management of renal cell carcinoma: A large international cohort study
Authors: Qi Feng , Wei Xiyi , Xia Xin , Qin Zongshi , Li Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe count of lymph node dissection (LND) has been confirmed as a prognostic indicator in various cancers while the correlation between LND counts and patient prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was not fully studied. This research evaluated the link between LND counts and the prognosis of RCC patients. This study obtained RCC patients from the SEER database between 2010 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the predictive and prognostic value of LND. Besides, Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis was used for survival analysis. Finally, 1264 patients were included in this study, which were divided into none LND groups (249), 1–3 LND groups (166), and 4 or more LND groups (549). Age, laterality, stage, M stage, and grade were statistically different among the three groups. In univariate Cox analysis, stage, M stage, T stage, and grade were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, race, stage, T stage, and grade were used as independent prognostic factors. KM survival analysis revealed that grade, T stage, M stage, and stage were significantly correlated with OS. Subgroup analysis revealed that LND counts were not significantly associated with survival risk in subgroups with different clinical factors. The current North American population analysis revealed that age, race, stage, T stage, and grade may be used as independent prognostic factors for patients with RCC. Moreover, the increasing LND counts during surgery may not improve the tumor outcomes of RCC patients.
Preparation and characterization of emamectin benzoate nanocapsules based on the dual role of polydopamine
Authors: Shi Liyin , Yan Weiyao , Sun Li , Hou Chaoqun , Wei Nuo , Chen Zhiyang , Feng Jianguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping pesticide‐controlled release formulations with foliage adhesion has become the focus of current research in the field of crop protection. In this study, an excellent adhesive nanocapsule loaded with emamectin benzoate (Eb@PDA) was prepared via emulsion interfacial polymerization based on the self‐polymerization ability and adhesion properties of polydopamine (PDA).ResultsThe physicochemical properties of the Eb@PDA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, particle size statistics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The Eb@PDA presented a regular spherical shape, with an average particle size of 163.8 nm. Compared with conventional formulations, it had higher pesticide‐loading content (34%) and excellent adhesion onto corn leaf. In addition, Eb@PDA showed sustained‐release characteristics, facilitating the release of Eb at low pH and high temperature. Eb@PDA could effectively protect Eb against photodegradation and had a longer effective period for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua. Furthermore, acute toxicity tests showed that the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) was 80.91 and 57.91 mg kg−1 at 7 and 14 days, respectively, indicating a lower toxicity of the Eb@PDA to earthworms. The cells (L02) treated with Eb@PDA showed a higher cell viability but a lower apoptosis rate (only 5.75%), demonstrating the lower cytotoxicity of the Eb@PDA.ConclusionThe self‐prepared Eb@PDA could be used as a formulation with the advantages of slow release, UV shielding, strong leaf adhesion, superior insecticidal properties, sustained effectiveness and biosafety. It will also facilitate the development of an efficient and safe pesticide delivery system. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding sources of Northern Hemisphere uncertainty and forecast error in a medium‐range coupled ensemble sea‐ice prediction system
Authors: Peterson K. Andrew , Smith Gregory C. , Lemieux Jean‐François , Roy François , Buehner Mark , Caya Alain , Houtekamer Pieter L. , Lin Hai , Muncaster Ryan , Deng Xingxiu , Dupont Frédéric , Gagnon Normand , Hata Yukie , Martinez Yosvany , Fontecilla Juan Sebastian , Surcel‐Colan Dorina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada was recently upgraded to a coupled atmosphere, ocean, and sea‐ice version from an uncoupled atmosphere‐only system. This has been operational since July 2019, with over a year of forecasts now available to evaluate the system throughout all seasons. Using metrics that score the forecast error in ice‐edge position, the spatial probability score and the integrated ice‐edge error, we investigate the spread–error relationship in probabilistic Arctic sea‐ice forecasts from the system and compare this with the skill of the system relative to persistence and a companion Global Deterministic Prediction System (GDPS). Within this ensemble framework, we explore the advantages of having a probabilistic forecast and probe its usefulness in addressing the errors in the system. Both the ensemble GEPS and the deterministic GDPS systems show enhanced sea‐ice prediction over persistence in all months except May and June, when significant biases exist in the systems in shallow‐sea and shelf regions. We attribute a significant portion of these biases to problems modelling landfast ice, but other sources of bias, including significant uncertainties in initializing and verifying sea‐ice analysis, also contribute. The lowest errors in the systems are found during September and continue at reasonably low levels through much of the boreal winter. The minimum and maximum extent periods, along with the early freeze‐up period, are shown to be periods for which the ensemble system offers enhanced benefits over a single deterministic forecast. For these periods, the errors are low and strongly correlated spatially with the ensemble spread. Nevertheless, we find that the ensemble system would likely still benefit from further improvement of the spread/error relationship in the system, currently hampered due to ensemble perturbations that are produced solely in the atmospheric component.
Application of automated and robotically deployed in situ X‐ray fluorescence analysis for nuclear waste management
Authors: White Samuel R. , Martin Peter G. , Megson‐Smith David A. , Scott Thomas B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaboratory and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis has both served as mainstay rapid and quantitative elemental analysis techniques for decades, attaining parts per million sensitivities for the majority of elements. Formerly, XRF was the reserve of large X‐ray generating systems and national facilities. More recently, developments in miniaturized X‐ray generators and detectors have allowed for this nondestructive technique to be utilized for portable and in situ elemental characterization of materials, away from the confines of the laboratory. When combined with a robotic manipulator, these usually handheld systems present a powerful method for autonomous assessments of material composition for a wide range of nuclear characterization and decommissioning scenarios. In this study, we present a proof‐of‐concept XRF system integrated with a robotic manipulator to autonomously identify a suite of nuclear relevant materials. Such remotely deployable noncontact tools are crucial for use within hazardous environments where it may not be possible, for physical and safety reasons, for a human operator to manually undertake characterization tasks. It is envisaged that this robotically deployed XRF system will comprise part of the wider autonomous characterization “toolkit”; capable of extensive large‐area mapping alongside targeted compositional “point analysis.” The system was demonstrated to rapidly and repeatably derive accurate and precise compositional information of different test materials, autonomously on both flat and complex, object‐rich surfaces.
Investigation on optimal lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete at high temperature based on deep neural network
Authors: Dabbaghi Farshad , Tanhadoust Amin , Nehdi Moncef L. , Dehestani Mehdi , Yousefpour Hossein 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores the effects of mixture design parameters on the residual mechanical properties of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. A total of 30 lightweight concrete mixtures were cast and exposed to three elevated temperatures, namely 250°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The test variables comprised the LECA percentage used as partial volume substitution for natural sand (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), silica fume partial replacement for cement by weight (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%), cement content (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/m3), and different water‐to‐cement (W/C) ratios (0.25, 0.313, 0.375, 0.438, and 0.5). The compressive and indirect tensile strengths were measured before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the lightweight concretes incorporating higher contents of cement and silica fume and made with lower W/C ratio exhibited higher initial mechanical properties yet incurred more significant drop in mechanical properties after exposure to 500°C and 750°C.
Role of fetal head‐circumference‐to‐maternal‐height ratio in predicting Cesarean section for labor dystocia: prospective multicenter study
Authors: Dall'Asta A. , Ramirez Zegarra R. , Corno E. , Mappa I. , Lu J. L. A. , Di Pasquo E. , Morganelli G. , Abou‐Dakn M. , Germano C. , Attini R. , Masturzo B. , Rizzo G. , Ghi T. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between the fetal head‐circumference‐to‐maternal‐height (HC/MH) ratio measured shortly before delivery and the occurrence of Cesarean section (CS) for labor dystocia.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study involving four tertiary maternity hospitals. An unselected cohort of women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation, at a gestational age beyond 36 + 0 weeks and without any contraindication for vaginal delivery, was enrolled between September 2020 and November 2021. The MH and fetal HC were measured on admission of the patient to the labor ward. The primary outcome of the study was the performance of the HC/MH ratio in the prediction of CS for labor dystocia. Women who underwent CS for any indication other than failed labor progression, including fetal distress, were excluded from the final analysis.ResultsA total of 783 women were included in the study. Vaginal delivery occurred in 744 (95.0%) women and CS for labor dystocia in 39 (5.0%). CS for labor dystocia was associated with shorter MH (mean ± SD, 160.4 ± 6.6 vs 164.5 ± 6.3 cm; P < 0.001), larger fetal HC (339.6 ± 9.5 vs 330.7 ± 13.0 mm; P < 0.001) and a higher HC/MH ratio (2.12 ± 0.11 vs 2.01 ± 0.10; P < 0.001) compared with vaginal delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HC/MH ratio was associated independently with CS for labor dystocia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.65 (95% CI, 1.85–3.79); P < 0.001). The HC/MH ratio had an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve of 0.77 and an optimal cut‐off value for discriminating between vaginal delivery and CS for labor dystocia of 2.09, which was associated with a sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.45–0.77), specificity of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76–0.82), positive predictive value of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.09–0.19) and negative predictive value of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–0.99).ConclusionsIn a large cohort of unselected pregnancies, the HC/MH ratio performed better than did fetal HC and MH alone in identifying those cases that will undergo CS for labor dystocia, albeit with moderate predictive value. The HC/MH ratio could assist in the evaluation of women at risk for CS for labor dystocia. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Unsteady bending of the orthotropic cantilever Bernoulli–Euler beam with the relaxation of diffusion fluxes
Authors: Zemskov Andrei V. , Tarlakovskii Dmitry V. , Faykin George M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe unsteady bending problem of a cantilever elastic‐diffusion homogeneous orthotropic Bernoulli–Euler beam is considered, taking into account the relaxation of diffusion fluxes. The solution to the problem is sought using the method of equivalent boundary conditions. For this, an auxiliary problem is additionally considered. The solution to the auxiliary problem is obtained using the integral Laplace transform in time and the trigonometric Fourier series expansions in spatial coordinates. Next, relations are constructed connecting the right‐hand sides of the boundary conditions of the original and the auxiliary problems. These relations represent a system of Voltaire integral equations of the 1st kind. This system is solved numerically using quadrature formulas. The limit transitions to the static problem of elastic diffusion, as well as to the unsteady elastic problem for a cantilever beam, are investigated. Using a three‐component material as an example, a numerical study of unsteady mechanical and diffusion fields interaction in an orthotropic beam is done. The calculation results are presented in the form of graphs. They show the time and coordinate dependencies of the sought displacement fields and components concentration increments of the continuum. At the end of the publication, the main conclusions about the coupling effect of the stress–strain state and mass transfer in the beam are represented.
Mitigating the Massive Access Problem in the Internet of Things
Authors: Gelenbe Erol , Nakıp Mert , Marek Dariusz , Czachorski Tadeusz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe traffic from the large number of IoT devices connected to the IoT is a source of congestion known as the Massive Access Problem (MAP), that results in packet losses, delays and missed deadlines for real-time data. This paper reviews the literature on MAP and summarizes recent results on two approaches that have been designed to mitigate MAP. One approach is based on randomizing the packet arrival instants to IoT gateways within a given time interval that is chosen so that packet arrivals do not exceed their deadlines, but also so that they do not constitute bulk arrivals. The second approach is a novel traffic shaping policy named the Quasi-Deterministic-Transmission-Policy (QDTP) which has been proved to drastically reduce queue formation at the receiving gateway by delaying packet departures from the IoT devices in a judicious manner. Both analytical and experimental results are summarized, that describe the benefits of these techniques.
Botnet Attack Detection with Incremental Online Learning
Authors: Nakip Mert , Gelenbe Erol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, IoT devices have often been the target of Mirai Botnet attacks. This paper develops an intrusion detection method based on Auto-Associated Dense Random Neural Network with incremental online learning, targeting the detection of Mirai Botnet attacks. The proposed method is trained only on benign IoT traffic while the IoT network is online; therefore, it does not require any data collection on benign or attack traffic. Experimental results on a publicly available dataset have shown that the performance of this method is considerably high and very close to that of the same neural network model with offline training. In addition, both the training and execution times of the proposed method are highly acceptable for real-time attack detection.
Semilinear formulation of a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations
Authors: Barril Carles , Calsina Àngel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we solve the Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic system of first-order PDEs defined on a certain Banach space X. The system has a special semilinear structure because, on the one hand, the evolution law can be expressed as the sum of a linear unbounded operator and a nonlinear Lipschitz function but, on the other hand, the nonlinear perturbation takes values not in X but on a larger space Y which is related to X. In order to deal with this situation we use the theory of dual semigroups. Stability results around steady states are also given when the nonlinear perturbation is Fréchet differentiable. These results are based on two propositions: one relating the local dynamics of the nonlinear semiflow with the linearised semigroup around the equilibrium, and a second relating the dynamical properties of the linearised semigroup with the spectral values of its generator. The later is proven by showing that the Spectral Mapping Theorem always applies to the semigroups one obtains when the semiflow is linearised. Some epidemiological applications involving gut bacteria are commented
On the Critical–Subcritical Moments of Moments of Random Characteristic Polynomials: A GMC Perspective
Authors: Keating Jonathan P. , Wong Mo Dick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the ‘critical moments’ of subcritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMCs) in dimensions $$d \le 2$$

d
≤
2

. In particular, we establish a fully explicit formula for the leading order asymptotics, which is closely related to large deviation results for GMCs and demonstrates a similar universality feature. We conjecture that our result correctly describes the behaviour of analogous moments of moments of random matrices, or more generally structures which are asymptotically Gaussian and log-correlated in the entire mesoscopic scale. This is verified for an integer case in the setting of circular unitary ensemble, extending and strengthening the results of Claeys et al. and Fahs to higher-order moments.
Prevalence of acute olfactory dysfunction differs between variants of SARS-CoV-2—results from chemosensitive testing in wild type, VOC alpha (B.1.1.7) and VOC delta (B.1617.2)
Authors: Hintschich Constantin A. , Vielsmeier Veronika , Bohr Christopher , Hagemann Jan , Klimek Ludger 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Olfactory dysfunction is one of the leading symptoms of COVID-19. Previous data suggest a different prevalence between the wild type virus and its subsequent variants. Here, we report on a prospective study to psychophysically compare olfactory function in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection between wild type, VOC alpha and VOC delta.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR and virus variants were differentiated by high-sensitive next-generation sequencing. Home-quarantined were sent a validated and blinded smell identification test. A detailed instruction ensured correct self-administration.

Results
A total of 125 patients were included in study. Patients with the wild type of SARS-CoV-2 self-evaluated their olfactory function significant lower on the visual analog score compared patients with the VOCs alpha or delta (4.1 ± 1.5 vs. 6.8 ± 2.9 and 7.3 ± 0.9; p < 0.001). Likewise, a significant difference of the prevalence of psychophysically confirmed hyposmia (wild type: 73%; alpha: 41%; delta 48%; p < 0.01) and smell test score (48 ± 25% vs. 70 ± 23% and 67 ± 18%; p < 0.01) could be seen between wild type on one side and VOCs alpha and delta on the other side.

Conclusion
In this study, both self-reports and psychophysical testing revealed a significant higher prevalence of olfactory impairment in the wild type of SARS-CoV-2 compared to the VOCs alpha and delta.