bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of adding different contents of pig rind on physical and chemical properties and sensory qualities of wheat bran chicken sausage
Authors: Shang Feifei , Kryzhska Tetyana , Duan Zhenhua 
Published: September 2022

Chicken sausage is one of the very popular meat products. In order to change the nutritional composition of chicken sausage and increase the content of dietary fiber, we add bran, but it affects the textural properties of chicken sausage. Pork rind is rich in collagen and is a natural and safe food gel. Pork rind content affects the cooking loss, color, TPA, moisture distribution and sensory evaluation results of cooked sausage products. In this study, six different pigskin content treatment experiments were set up: 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 %.
This research shows that adding pork rind can reduce cooking loss during the sausage heating process. As more pork rind was added, the L* and b* values of minced meat and chicken sausage gradually increased, while the a* value gradually decreased. The chewiness of the sausages in the test group was significantly reduced (p<0.05), except for T1, while the elasticity, recovery, and cohesiveness did not change significantly (p>0.05), and the hardness value increased significantly (p<0.05). The hardness of the sausages increased significantly (except in T5). Compared with the control group, the relaxation times of hydrated water and immobilized water in the treatment group became shorter, while the relaxation times of free water shifted to a longer direction. Sensory evaluation revealed that the hardness score of the T5 group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Based on these results, the sausage quality of the T3 group (pork rind 15 %) was the highest.
This study improves the gel properties of bran chicken sausage, provides scientific data support for the application of pork rind in chicken sausage, improving the application value of pork rind.
Analysis of the effect of diesel-essential oil fuel mixture on the performance, noise, vibration of diesel engines
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Listiyono Listiyono , Khambali Khambali 
Published: September 2022

The increasing demand for diesel fuel causes high levels of air pollution, noise, and vibration. Therefore, we need a mixture of materials that can reduce the environmental effect with low vibration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a diesel-essential oil mixture on a diesel engine, related to engine performance, noise, and vibration. The research was conducted using a 402 CC Dongfeng diesel engine, a mixture of diesel and essential oils with a percentage of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, engine speed of 1,300 rpm, 1,500 rpm, 1,700 rpm, 1,900 rpm. The noise intensity test uses a sound level meter at 30–130 dBA with a frequency between 20–20,000 Hz. To test the density of smoke, a smoke tester was used. Meanwhile, to measure the rotational speed of the engine, a DT 2234L type tachometer was used. A digital stopwatch was used to measure the processing time with an accuracy of up to 0.01 s. Besides that, a strain gauge was also used to detect vibrations. A measuring cup was used to measure the volume of the mixture of fuel and essential oils. The results showed that in the B10 mixture at 1,300 rpm engine speed, the largest fuel consumption time was 155 s. While the smallest fuel consumption time is found at 1,900 engine speed, which is 106 s. The lowest percentage of exhaust emissions is in the B20 mixture, which is 56.8 %. While the largest percentage of exhaust emissions is in B0 with a value of 79.8 %. The lowest noise value is in the B10 mixture at 1,300 rpm engine speed, which is 105.7 dB. While the highest noise value is at 1,900 engine speed, which is 112.3 dB. The lowest vibration is in the B10 mixture with an engine speed of 1,300 rpm, which is 975.7 Hz. While the highest noise value is in the B10 mixture with 1,900 engine speed, which is 989.8 Hz.
Justifying the expediency of using composite components in the long-wheelbase platform car
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Fomina Anna , Boyko Gregori 
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the improved load-bearing design of a long-wheelbase platform car for the transportation of containers. The improvement involves the construction of a special structure to accommodate fitting stops made from composite material. The design of the add-on structures provides an opportunity to reduce dynamic loads between containers and the platform car at the expense of elastic friction bonds.
The dynamic load on the bearing structure of the platform car was determined. To this end, a mathematical model was built that takes into consideration its movement in the vertical plane. The results of resolving the mathematical problem established that the derived values of accelerations were 5.3 % and 6.2 %, respectively, lower than those acting on the platform car and container, taking into consideration the typical scheme of their interaction.
To ensure the strength of the add-on structure, the calculation was performed using a finite-element method. It was established that the maximum stresses occurred in the inclined parts of the add-on structure and were 113.6 MPa, which is much lower than the permissible ones.
In addition, within the framework of this study, a dynamic load on the improved design of the platform car was determined when it moves empty. The calculation results showed that the defined indicators of dynamics were within the permissible limits while the ride of the platform car was "good".
The coefficient of resistance to fatigue of the load-bearing structure of the platform car was determined, taking into consideration the new scheme of interaction with containers. Taking the proposed solutions into account, it becomes possible to increase the resistance coefficient of fatigue of the load-bearing structure of the platform car by 8 % compared to the typical scheme.
The study reported here could help reduce the cost of maintaining combined transport vehicles, as well as improve the efficiency of their operation.
Analysis of structural transformations occurring during thermal hardening of building reinforcing steel produced at Baku Steel Company LLC
Authors: Mammadov Arif , Babaev Agil , Ismailov Nizami , Huseynov Mukhtar , Guliyev Faig 
Published: September 2022

For the production of building reinforcing steel, special charge components were used, consisting of steel waste, cast iron shavings and about 20 % of NVG pellets. Steel was smelted in a 60-ton electric arc furnace. The pouring of liquid steel was carried out on a continuous casting machine.
Heat treatment was carried out immediately after the rolling operation to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the construction reinforcing steels melted in the electric arc furnace from the charge material using metal waste. It is recommended that these steels be made of low-carbon (C≤0.25 %) and low-alloy steels in order to have a sufficiently high technology and good weldability. However, in order to meet the requirements of construction standards, these steels must have high structural integrity and physical and mechanical properties.
It was found that these requirements can be solved only by heat treatment immediately after the rolling operation of the armature. In this case, the effect can be obtained by reinforcing heat treatment of the fittings by hardening due to the rolling temperature. Therefore, in order to further improve the properties during thermomechanical treatment (TMT), the hardening was carried out directly (immediately) after the deformation in the roll.
Immediately after the spread, the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the fluidity and strength properties of the construction low-carbon reinforcement steels met the requirements of the standard by conducting HTMT. Increased strength and technological properties of reinforcing steel are achieved after hardening by dispersion hardening at high-temperature tempering, which is carried out at a temperature of more than 580 °C
Ensuring environmental protection and economic renewal through organic production certification
Authors: Antiushko Dmytro , Bozhko Tetiiana , Osyka Victor , Shapovalova Nataliia , Lozova Tetyana , Fil Mariia , Sienohonova Liudmyla , Dudla Iraida , Volodavchyk Viktoriia , Sienohonova Halyna 
Published: September 2022

A popular trend in the development of society, contributing to the provision of a healthy diet, preserving the environment, minimizing harmful emissions, is the focus on the production and consumption of organic products. A common way to confirm the organic properties of certain products is to certify their production and circulation. Production and export of organic products is largely realized at the expense of the countries of Eastern Europe, where the volume of areas suitable for organic production exceeds 3 %. The military aggression of the Russian Federation has become a threat to environmental and economic security, a challenge to the global system of food supply, environmental well-being. To preserve the environment and restore the economy, organic production is important, ensuring its certification in accordance with generally accepted standards. The object of this study is the certification of organic production and circulation of organic products. The importance of certification in enabling the effective work of organic market participants is analyzed. The would-be branches of organic production, the mechanism, the main stages, the features of its implementation, as well as the results, have been established. The analysis of the main standards for compliance with which certification of production and circulation of organic products was carried out. Certification bodies that have the right to issue inspection certificates for export to the EU have been identified. It was established that certification of organic production greatly contributes to the practical provision of environmental conservation, guaranteeing minimization of the level of use of synthetic, harmful substances and their emissions, stimulating participants in the agricultural business to be more attentive to the preservation of the environment and natural resources.
Synthesis of high-temperature superconducting ceramics in the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system based on amorphous precursors
Authors: Uskenbaev Daniyar , Zhetpisbayev Kairatbek , Nogai Adolf , Beissenov Renat , Zhetpisbayeva Ainur , Baigisova Kymbat , Salmenov Yerkebulan , Nogai Artur , Tursyntay Serua 
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the results of the synthesis of bismuth superconducting ceramics with compositions Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Can-1CunOy (n=2, 3, 5) based on amorphous ceramics obtained by ultrafast melt quenching. In order to increase the rate of formation of superconducting compounds, effective devices have been developed for melting and hardening melts under the action of IR radiation. The sample holder was made of platinum. Melting and hardening were carried out in a continuous mode in an oxidizing environment in a flowing air atmosphere. The study of the elemental composition of the precursor samples established a slight deviation towards a decrease in the cationic composition of the precursors (Bi, Pb and Ca), relative to the stoichiometric composition. An increase in oxygen content by 12–15 % was also found. Synthesis of superconducting compounds was carried out in the temperature range of 843–850 °C, depending on the composition. The study found that in the sample Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 crystallizes. It was found that the formation of the superconducting phase 2223 in the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy composition occurs in a lower and wider temperature range (843–848 °C) compared to the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) composition. The complete formation of the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 in a sample with the nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) was carried out in a narrow temperature range of 849–850 °C, in a strict temperature regime with the participation of the liquid phase. An increase in the rate of formation of the superconducting compound 2223 in both studied compositions by 1.5–2.5 times was established, compared with the solid-phase method and other melt methods
Influence of the fixation point of the artificial popliteal muscle graft on the stability of the knee joint under external rotational load
Authors: Panchenko Serhii , Golovakha Maksym , Kolosov Dmytro , Onyshchenko Serhii , Zub Tetiana , Chechel Taras 
Published: September 2022

This paper investigated the dependence of the stability of the knee joint, when exposed to external rotational load on the lower leg, on the position of the graft of the tendon of the popliteal muscle. Estimation finite-element models of the right knee joint of an adult were constructed, which included the articular ends of the bones that form this joint, as well as its main ligaments. The models reflected a surgery to restore posterolateral angle structures and differed only in the position of the popliteal tendon graft. That position was set by the point of attachment of the graft to the posterior surface of the tibia. At the same time, the fixation point changed both vertically and horizontally, in the frontal plane. In addition, a control model was built in which the hamstring tendon was completely absent. As a result of the calculations, patterns of the distribution of the fields of movement of the points of the finite-element model were obtained. As criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the selected position of the graft, movements of the lower leg model in the horizontal plane were proposed. Analysis of the results of the calculations showed that the greatest movements in all directions were obtained in the control model, in which the hamstring of the popliteal muscle was absent. The magnitudes of the considered movements derived from the control model exceeded the same values in the model with minimal movements by 17, 37, 17, 32, and 16 %. From the point of view of the stability of the tibia under rotational load, the most effective was the fixation of the graft on the posterior surface of the tibia as laterally as possible and closer to its articular surface. This is indicated by the magnitude of the movements, which, in this case, turned out to be the smallest in all directions.
Building an effective personnel risks management system of the organization
Authors: Podolchak Nazar , Tsygylyk Natalia , Dziurakh Yurii 
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is a technique to reduce the personnel risks of an organization operating in a developing country under difficult conditions in order to improve the efficiency of staff. The form of ownership of the organization is state-owned, the number of employees is 120 people. The duration of the period for assessing the effectiveness of staff work and monitoring the impact of personnel risks on the organization is 4 weeks. It has been established that the organization has an integrated personnel risk management system. It enables fulfilling an average of 74 % of tasks and is not effective. Given this, an integrated personnel risk management system was developed based on the European approach. For this purpose, using technology transfer, information was obtained on the functioning of an effective personnel risk management system. After that, it was improved taking into consideration the peculiarities of the functioning of the organization when performing tasks. In addition, hard- and soft-skills of personnel were taken into consideration, thus, the complex effect of factors increasing the organization's resilience to personnel risks was taken into account. To implement the personnel risk management system in the organization's activities, a road-map was developed. Duration of implementation – 3 weeks. To assess the effectiveness of an integrated system for combating personnel risks, a comparative method was used for the qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of the tasks of 4 teams of the organization. Two of them worked according to the standard personnel risk management system, and 2 – according to the implemented one. The comparison was performed with the available data on the effectiveness of identical tasks for a period of 4 weeks. It has been established that the implemented comprehensive risk management system is effective, as it provides 100 % fulfillment of tasks under difficult conditions. The developed system can be used to improve the effectiveness of the tasks set for organizations in developing countries.
Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the ring-type and bucket inlet devicesfor a power plant with a turbopropfan engine
Authors: Zhornik Oleg , Kravchenko Igor , Mitrakhovych Mykhailo , Balalaieva Kateryna 
Published: September 2022

The increase in losses in the inlet device leads to an increase in specific fuel consumption. When integrating the inlet device and the propeller or propfan, it is necessary to take into consideration their interaction to ensure the maximum efficiency of the power plant. The object of this study is a coaxial propfan with the channel of the inlet device. The results reported here are of practical value: a methodology for designing a bucket S-shaped channel of the inlet device of a power plant with a turboprop engine has been developed. The dependence of the coefficient of preservation of the total pressure of the inlet device on the height and speed of flight was obtained, which makes it possible to take into consideration the influence of the propfan of a turboprop engine. A comparison of the characteristics of the ring-type and bucket S-shaped channel of the inlet device of the power plant with the turboprop engine was carried out. Specifically, it was found that the change in flight conditions has a less significant effect on the change in the coefficient of preservation of the total pressureof the ring-typeinlet device than the bucket one. A comparative assessment of the obtained results of mathematical modeling of the flow in the bucket S-shaped channel of the inlet device, taking into account the influence of the propfan, with the results of flight tests of the ring-type inlet device of the prototype is given. The comparative evaluation shows that the use of a bucket inlet device, instead of a ring-type inlet device, makes it possible to increase the full pressure recovery factor by 5–7 %. Thus, there is reason to argue that replacing the ring-type with a bucket inlet device will minimize hydraulic losses at the inlet to the engine and reduce the uneven flow at the inlet. That, in turn, will improve engine efficiency.
Analysis of risks and safety indicators of raw materials and products of the sugar industry of Kazakhstan
Authors: Dautkanov Nurlan , Dautkanova Dina , Mussayeva Saltanat 
Published: September 2022

The objects of research are the process of sugar beet processing, sugar beet, sugar and molasses.
The problem of determining critical control points in sugar beet processing and safety indicators of raw materials and products of the sugar industry was solved.
The results were obtained based on the risk analysis and the system of control points for sugar beet processing, five critical control points were identified according to the criteria of physical, chemical and biological contamination. It was also found that in terms of safety indicators, raw materials – sugar beet, and finished products meet the requirements of regulatory documents for microbiological indicators and heavy metal content.
The safety indicators of sugar beet, white sugar, molasses and beet pulp were studied. Microbiological indicators: CGB (coliforms), pathogens and S.aureus were not found in sugar beet samples. Microbiological indicators of QMAFAnM and yeast of white sugar, molasses and pulp 1–5*102, 6–7*102, 5–8*102 and 2–3*101, 1–3*101, 1*101 CFU/cm3, respectively, are within acceptable limits. The content of toxic elements did not exceed the permissible limits.
For Kazakhstan sugar factories, no studies on hazard analysis and critical control points in the sugar industry have been conducted before, so the results of the study will fill this gap.
The scope and conditions for the practical use of the results obtained are the possibilities of raising the quality of finished products and improving the safety of raw materials and finished products, increasing the shelf life of by-products (molasses, beet pulp) of sugar beet production. These opportunities are based on the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) in sugar beet processing
Development of the retrieving technology of carotenoids from pumpkin (Cucurbita SPP.) pulp using Zn-Al layered double hydroxides
Authors: Kovalenko Vadym , Kotok Valerii , Dopira Anton , Carbajal Arizaga Gregorio Guadalupe , Verbitskiy Volodymyr , Medianyk Volodymyr , Berzenina Oksana , Anataichuk Inna 
Published: September 2022

A simple mechanical method (grinding and sieving) was proposed to separate the composite into carotenoid-enriched and LDH-enriched materials. The method is based on the internal self-abrasion of the composite when grinding solid particles of LDH as grinding bodies. When removing carotenoids in the form of a composite, rapid precipitation of the sediment and ease of filtration under vacuum were found. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the composite and products of its separation contain X-ray amorphous Zn-Al LDH, an oxide phase, and an amorphous phase of carotenoids. The method of dichloroethane extraction proved the effectiveness of the composite separation process. It was shown that for the optimal amount of Zn-Al LDH, the content of carotenoids in carotenoid-enriched material was 24.4 %, and in LDH-enriched – 4.4 %. For these conditions, it was found that the total yield of carotenoids was 184.3 mg/100 g of pumpkin pulp, of which 155.4 mg/100 g was in the carotenoid-enriched material and 28.9 mg/100 g was in the LDH-enriched material. A hypothesis was expressed regarding the chemical nature of the interaction of carotenoids and LDH in the composite due to π-d interaction.
The resulting carotenoid-containing materials can be used as food additives or processed to obtain purified carotenoids.