bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of aseptic meningitis in New Zealand children from 1991 to 2020
Authors: McBride Michelia , Williman Jonathan , Best Emma , Walls Tony , Sadarangani Manish , Grant Cameron C , Martin Natalie G 
Published: July 2022

AimAseptic meningitis, including culture negative and viral meningitis, contributes a significant health‐care burden, including unnecessary antibiotic use and hospitalisation to treat possible bacterial meningitis. This study analysed aseptic meningitis hospitalisations in New Zealand (NZ) children over 29 years.MethodsIn this population‐based study, aseptic meningitis hospitalisations in NZ children <15 years old were analysed from 1991 to 2020. Incident rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression models. Variations in hospitalisations by age, year, sex, ethnicity, geographical region and socio‐economic deprivation were analysed.ResultsThere were 5142 paediatric aseptic meningitis hospitalisations from 1991 to 2020. Most were unspecified viral meningitis (64%), followed by enterovirus (29%). Hospitalisation rates varied annually with a median of 18.4/100 000 children including a peak in 2001 of 56.4/100 000 (51.7–61.6). From 2002 to 2019, rates increased by 8.4%/year (7.2–9.5%) in infants <90 days old but decreased in all other age groups. In 2020, a reduction in hospitalisations to 9.6/100 000 (7.9–11.8) occurred, and in infants <90 days old were 0.37 times expected. Hospitalisations were 1.50 times (1.49–1.68) higher in males than females; higher in children of Māori (P < 0.001) and Pacific (P < 0.001) versus European ethnicity; and higher for children living in the most (2.44 times, (2.16–2.75)) versus least deprived households; and in northern versus southern NZ.ConclusionsAseptic meningitis hospitalisations increased in young infants during 29 years of surveillance, apart from 2020 when admissions reduced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In contrast, hospitalisations decreased in children aged >1 year. Further investigation into reasons for higher admissions by ethnic group, geographical location and increased deprivation are required.
Ethmoidal and maxillary nerve block versus systemic opioid administration during rhinoscopy in dogs: a non‐randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kim H. , Kim D. , Shin D. , Kim J. , Sung T. , Rhee S. , Lee I. , Son W. G. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of ethmoidal and maxillary nerve blocks during rhinoscopy in dogs.Materials and MethodsFourteen dogs underwent rhinoscopy. Under general anaesthesia with isoflurane, ethmoidal and maxillary nerve blocks were applied bilaterally using 2% lidocaine before rhinoscopy in eight dogs (EM group). Six dogs were premedicated with hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg) as a substitute for local nerve block (H group). During rhinoscopy, the heart rate, arterial blood pressure and end‐tidal isoflurane concentration were recorded. The vaporizer setting was adjusted to increase the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration when reflex movement was caused by nasal stimulation.ResultsThe H group, compared to the EM group, had an increase in HR that was 18 beats/minute (95% CI: 11 to 26) higher, an increase in SAP that was 22 mmHg (12 to 31) higher, an increase in MAP that was 15 mmHg (7 to 23) higher, an increase in DAP that was 12 mmHg (5 to 19) higher, and an increase in end‐tidal isoflurane concentration that was 0.4% (0.3 to 0.5) higher. Head movement due to endoscope insertion was observed in 5/6 dogs (83.3%) in the H group and 1/8 dogs (12.5%) in the EM group (odds ratio, 0.029; ra95% CI, 0.001–0.574).Clinical SignificanceCompared with administration of 0.05 mg/kg hydromorphone, concurrent block of the ethmoidal and maxillary nerves can reduce the cardiovascular response, reflex movement and anaesthetic requirement during rhinoscopy in dogs.
Industry 4.0 technologies: Empirical impacts and decision framework
Authors: Bai Chunguang , Li H. Alice , Xiao Yongbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndustry 4.0 technologies have been regarded as powerful means to enhance a firm's competitiveness in the Internet of Things environment. However, implementing Industry 4.0 technologies calls for considerable capital expenditure and might interrupt normal production in the short term. This study conducts an empirical analysis of the impact of investing in Industry 4.0 technologies based on a sample of 563 investment announcements of publicly listed firms on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2018. Using the event study method, we find empirical evidence that these investment announcements lead to positive stock market reactions and improved financial performance. In particular, we empirically evaluate firms’ short‐ and long‐term stock prices and financial measures by considering the type of investments (i.e., digital or physical investments), whether the investment is product‐oriented or manufacturing process‐oriented, and whether the technologies are applied within a firm or across the supply chain. Our empirical findings hold true when a firm's strategic decision is accounted for and remain robust through various tests. Furthermore, we propose a decision framework for firms to balance the tradeoff between short‐term disruption and long‐term benefits resulting from an investment in Industry 4.0. Specifically, we develop a two‐period model and investigate when and to what extent a firm should invest in Industry 4.0 technologies. Empirical and modeling analyses provide managerial insights for firms that grapple with the net benefit of investment in Industry 4.0.
Outcomes of paediatric cataract surgery with and without the use of trypan blue
Authors: AbdulRahman Aminatu , Bascaran Cova , Buchan John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review was undertaken to answer the research question: “In children with primary cataracts, what are the outcomes (posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis + posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation) of surgery when performed with and without trypan blue staining of the posterior lens capsule?”MethodsAn electronic search in six biomedical databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that compared trypan blue with no stain during surgery in children 0–16 years with primary cataracts. Titles and abstracts of studies published between 1946 and 2021 in English language were screened. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment and synthesis of findings were done by two independent reviewers, while conflicts were discussed and resolved with a third.ResultsA total of 115 of 153 articles were screened after de‐duplication. Of these, 113 were excluded while 2 randomised controlled trials involving 56 eyes of 42 participants were included in the review. The risk of bias was similar across all domains in both. Staining of the capsule led to complete posterior capsulorhexis and optimal placement of the implant in >90% of study eyes, while the control arms had 65%–80% for both outcomes.ConclusionUse of trypan blue in paediatric cataract surgery probably leads to better outcomes, but more well‐conducted randomised controlled trials on this important topic are needed.
Stability of dexamethasone sodium phosphate over a 28 day period when added to commercial veterinary wipe and pad products
Authors: Bancroft Sara , Heinrich Nicole , McGilliard Mike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground – Topical glucocorticoids commonly are used in the management of canine atopic dermatitis to control and prevent allergy flares. Compounding commercial veterinary wipe/pad products to include dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex SP) can simplify treatment protocols for owners. Dex SP has not been evaluated for stability when added to wipes/pads.Hypothesis/objective – To evaluate the stability of Dex SP when compounded in three commercial veterinary wipe/pad products containing chlorhexidine.Methods and materials – Dex SP (Dexium, Bimeda; Oakbrook Terrace, IL, USA) was added to TrizCHLOR 4 wipes (TCL; Dechra Veterinary Products; Overland Park, KS, USA), KetoHex wipes (KH; VetOne; Boise, ID, USA), and DOUXO Chlorhexidine Pads (DCP; Ceva Animal Health; Lenexa, KS, USA), creating a 0.04% Dex SP solution. The concentration of Dex SP was measured in μg/mL/wipe or pad in triplicate at Day (D)0, D14 and D28 using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The amount of Dex SP at baseline (D0) was compared to the amount recovered at D14 and D28.Results – The amount of Dex SP in TCL and KH was unchanged between D0, D14 and D28. The amount of Dex SP recovered from DCP on D0 (mean 89.40 μg/mL/pad), D14 (mean 65.58 μg/mL/pad) and D28 (mean 68.09 μg/mL/pad) revealed a significant decline from D0 to D14 (P = 0.004).Conclusions and clinical importance – These data provide evidence that Dex SP is stable for 28 days in TCL and KH, and not in DCP from D0 to D14 or D28 days.
La pérdida del estado clerical en los pontificados de SS. Pió XII, Juan XXIII, Pablo VI, Juan Pablo II y Benedicto XVI
Authors:   , Sánchez Sánchez Hermes Pbro. 
Published: July 2022

Cada vez resulta más interesante el estudio del Derecho Canónico. Su aplicabilidad en la iglesia y el contenido específicamente eclesiológico-pastoral que enmarca el espíritu de la publicación del Nuevo Código en el año de 1983, nos permiten ver claramente cuáles son los criterios que la iglesia maneja para ser observados como normas a seguir. Esto, considero, justifica en mi caso la presentación de este tema para la tesis doctoral a la Facultad de Derecho Canónico de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Busca, indudablemente haciendo el recorrido histórico de los pontificados de Pío XII, Juan XXIII, Pablo VI y Juan Pablo II "el magno", especificar de manera clara y diáfanamente entendida las facultades especiales que el Santo Padre Benedicto XVI, felizmente reinante en la cátedra de San Pedro, ha concedido a la Congregación para el Clero, y por su medio a los Obispos diocesanos titulares en sus sedes y a los Superiores religiosos Mayores, en el documento expedido y hecho de público conocimiento el 30 de enero del año 2009 referente a la pérdida del estado clerical y al trámite de la respectiva dispensa.
Wear of Mechanochemically Treated High-Speed Steel Cutting Tools
Authors: Qi Ye , Nguyen Vinh , Melkote Shreyes , Varenberg Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the wear of high-speed steel cutting tools modified mechanochemically by shot peening their rake faces with a mixture of Al2O3 and Cu2S particles. This treatment has been recently proved to reduce cutting forces significantly, but little is known about the wear resistance of the modified tools. To pave the way for practical implementation of this technology, here we bridge this gap. Orthogonal cutting tests performed under base oil lubrication demonstrate at least a twofold increase in the tool life compared to the untreated references. This is attributed to the formation of iron sulfide and its ability to retain oil at the cutting interface, which results in lower stresses and temperature. This environmentally friendly technique shows good potential to lower manufacturing costs, reduce energy consumption, and improve machining quality.
Sensitivity caused by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae) in subjects with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Dhaliwal Amandeep Kaur , Kaur Chahal Manpreet 
Published: July 2022

The house dust mites (HDMs), defined here as members of the family Pyroglyphidae, are present just about everywhere in human dwellings and act as an important risk factor for allergic rhinitis (AR). They are a major perennial allergen source that causes AR. In the present study, 160 subjects clinically diagnosed with AR from the Department of Ear Nose Throat (ENT), Government Rajindra Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, India, and 30 non-allergic healthy, control individuals were selected. Blood samples were taken from all these study subjects for serological testing and ImmunoCAP™ Phadia™ 100 was used for the detection of total and HDM specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. To detect total IgE levels, a mixture of 14 different allergens was used and, for HDM specific IgE, a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) and D. farinae Hughes allergens. Dust samples were taken from mattresses used by the study subjects with the help of a vacuum cleaner. A floatation method was used for the extraction of mites. Hoyer’s medium was used for the preparation of slides for microscopy. Total IgE levels were elevated in all AR subjects and HDM specific IgE levels were found to be positive in 54.38% of them. Analysis of dust samples showed that 72.50% of samples from the mattresses of AR subjects were found to be positive for the HDMs D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae and 33.33% of those from the control group. Total and HDM specific IgE levels of AR subjects showed statistically significant correlation with each other, but in the control group no such correlation was found. Moreover, a significant result was found between the positive HDM specific IgE levels and the number of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae found in their respective dust samples. In conclusion, the total IgE and positive HDM specific IgE levels showed that there was a chance of allergic reaction in rhinitis subjects. Furthermore, the significant statistical analysis between positive HDM specific IgE levels against D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and the higher prevalence of these two species in the houses sampled provided support for these mites being the major allergen sources for the symptoms of AR in the study area.
Effect of Superimposed Russian Current on Quadriceps Strength and Lower-Extremity Endurance in Healthy Males and Females
Authors: Şimşek Şule , Oymak Soysal Ayşe Nur , Kaş Özdemir Atiye , Baş Aslan Ümmühan , Bergin Korkmaz Merve 
Published: July 2022

Context: More studies are needed to compare the effect of voluntary contraction, electrical stimulation, and electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contraction in improving trained and untrained homolog muscle strength and lower-extremity endurance. Design: Seventy-six healthy young adults (age = 20.41 [3.07] y, 61 females and 15 males) were included in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups as voluntary isometric contraction (IC) group, Russian current (RC) group, and superimposed Russian current (SRC) group. Methods: All training regimens were performed under physiotherapist supervision for a total of 18 sessions (3 times per week for 6 wk). In each session, 10 ICs were achieved with voluntary isometric exercise only, RC only, or RC superimposed onto ICs. Main outcome measures were trained and untrained quadriceps strength (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) and lower-extremity endurance (sit-to-stand test). Results: After 6 weeks of training, all outcome measures improved in all groups (P < .05), except the untrained quadriceps MVIC score of RC group (P = .562). The trained quadriceps MVIC score (P < .001, η2 = .478), untrained quadriceps MVIC score (P = .011, η2 = .115), and sit-to-stand test score (P < .001, η2 = .357) differed significantly among the 3 groups; post hoc analysis revealed that the trained quadriceps MVIC score was higher in SRC and RC groups than in the IC group, untrained quadriceps MVIC score was higher in SRC group than in the RC group, and sit-to-stand test score was higher in SRC group than in the RC group and IC group. Conclusions: RC and RC superimposed onto IC are superior to IC in improving quadriceps muscle strength, and RC superimposed onto IC is superior to RC and IC in improving lower-extremity endurance. RC superimposed onto IC and voluntary IC created cross-education effect on untrained quadriceps.
Waning effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 covid-19 vaccines over six months since second dose: OpenSAFELY cohort study using linked electronic health records
Authors: Horne Elsie M F , Hulme William J , Keogh Ruth H , Palmer Tom M , Williamson Elizabeth J , Parker Edward P K , Green Amelia , Walker Venexia , Walker Alex J , Curtis Helen , Fisher Louis , MacKenna Brian , Croker Richard , Hopcroft Lisa , Park Robin Y , Massey Jon , Morley Jessica , Mehrkar Amir , Bacon Sebastian , Evans David , Inglesby Peter , Morton Caroline E , Hickman George , Davy Simon , Ward Tom , Dillingham Iain , Goldacre Ben , Hernán Miguel A , Sterne Jonathan A C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To estimate waning of covid-19 vaccine effectiveness over six months after second dose.

Design
Cohort study, approved by NHS England.

Setting
Linked primary care, hospital, and covid-19 records within the OpenSAFELY-TPP database.

Participants
Adults without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were eligible, excluding care home residents and healthcare professionals.

Exposures
People who had received two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 (administered during the national vaccine rollout) were compared with unvaccinated people during six consecutive comparison periods, each of four weeks.

Main outcome measures
Adjusted hazard ratios for covid-19 related hospital admission, covid-19 related death, positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and non-covid-19 related death comparing vaccinated with unvaccinated people. Waning vaccine effectiveness was quantified as ratios of adjusted hazard ratios per four week period, separately for subgroups aged ≥65 years, 18-64 years and clinically vulnerable, 40-64 years, and 18-39 years.

Results

1 951 866 and 3 219 349 eligible adults received two doses of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, respectively, and 2 422 980 remained unvaccinated. Waning of vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be similar across outcomes and vaccine brands. In the ≥65 years subgroup, ratios of adjusted hazard ratios for covid-19 related hospital admission, covid-19 related death, and positive SARS-CoV-2 test ranged from 1.19 (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.24)

to 1.34 (1.09 to 1.64) per four weeks. Despite waning vaccine effectiveness, rates of covid-19 related hospital admission and death were substantially lower among vaccinated than unvaccinated adults up to 26 weeks after the second dose, with estimated vaccine effectiveness ≥80% for BNT162b2, and ≥75% for ChAdOx1. By weeks 23-26, rates of positive SARS-CoV-2 test in vaccinated people were similar to or higher than in unvaccinated people (adjusted hazard ratios up to 1.72 (1.11 to 2.68) for BNT162b2 and 1.86 (1.79 to 1.93) for ChAdOx1).

Conclusions
The rate at which estimated vaccine effectiveness waned was consistent for covid-19 related hospital admission, covid-19 related death, and positive SARS-CoV-2 test and was similar across subgroups defined by age and clinical vulnerability. If sustained to outcomes of infection with the omicron variant and to booster vaccination, these findings will facilitate scheduling of booster vaccination.
Low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment ofPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (LOW-TMP): protocol for a phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison trial
Authors: Sohani Zahra N. , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Aw Andrew , Belga Sara , Benedetti Andrea , Carignan Alex , Cheng Matthew P. , Coburn Bryan , Costiniuk Cecilia T , Ezer Nicole , Gregson Dan , Johnson Andrew , Khwaja Kosar , Lawandi Alexander , Leung Victor , Lother Sylvain , MacFadden Derek , McGuinty Michaeline , Parkes Leighanne , Qureshi Salman , Roy Valerie , Rush Barret , Schwartz Ilan , So Miranda , Somayaji Ranjani , Tan Darrell , Trinh Emilie , Lee Todd C. , McDonald Emily G. 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection of immunocompromised hosts with significant morbidity and mortality. The current standard of care, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) at a dose of 15–20 mg/kg/day, is associated with serious adverse drug events (ADE) in 20%–60% of patients. ADEs include hypersensitivity reactions, drug-induced liver injury, cytopenias and renal failure, all of which can be treatment limiting. In a recent meta-analysis of observational studies, reduced dose TMP-SMX for the treatment of PJP was associated with fewer ADEs, without increased mortality.Methods and analysisA phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, trial to directly compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose TMP-SMX (10 mg/kg/day of TMP) with the standard of care (15 mg/kg/day of TMP) among patients with PJP, for a composite primary outcome of change of treatment, new mechanical ventilation, or death. The trial will be undertaken at 16 Canadian hospitals. Data will be analysed as intention to treat. Primary and secondary outcomes will be compared using logistic regression adjusting for stratification and presented with 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been conditionally approved by the McGill University Health Centre; Ethics approval will be obtained from all participating centres. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04851015.
Effectiveness of an electronic clinical decision support system in improving the management of childhood illness in primary care in rural Nigeria: an observational study
Authors: Schmitz Torsten , Beynon Fenella , Musard Capucine , Kwiatkowski Marek , Landi Marco , Ishaya Daniel , Zira Jeremiah , Muazu Muazu , Renner Camille , Emmanuel Edwin , Bulus Solomon Gideon , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of ALgorithm for the MANAgement of CHildhood illness (‘ALMANACH’), a digital clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, on health and quality of care outcomes for sick children attending primary healthcare (PHC) facilities.DesignObservational study, comparing outcomes of children attending facilities implementing ALMANACH with control facilities not yet implementing ALMANACH.SettingPHC facilities in Adamawa State, North-Eastern Nigeria.ParticipantsChildren 2–59 months presenting with an acute illness. Children attending for routine care or nutrition visits (eg, immunisation, growth monitoring), physical trauma or mental health problems were excluded.InterventionsThe ALMANACH intervention package (CDSS implementation with training, mentorship and data feedback) was rolled out across Adamawa’s PHC facilities by the Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency, in partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. Tablets were donated, but no additional support or incentives were provided. Intervention and control facilities received supportive supervision based on the national supervision protocol.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was caregiver-reported recovery at day 7, collected over the phone. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic and antimalarial prescription, referral, and communication of diagnosis and follow-up advice, assessed at day 0 exit interview.ResultsWe recruited 1929 children, of which 1021 (53%) attended ALMANACH facilities, between March and September 2020. Caregiver-reported recovery was significantly higher among children attending ALMANACH facilities (adjusted OR=2·63, 95% CI 1·60 to 4·32). We observed higher parenteral and lower oral antimicrobial prescription rates (adjusted OR=2·42 (1·00 to 5·85) and adjusted OR=0·40 (0·22 to 0·73), respectively) in ALMANACH facilities as well as markedly higher rates for referral, communication of diagnosis, and follow-up advice.ConclusionImplementation of digital CDSS with training, mentorship and feedback in primary care can improve quality of care and recovery of sick children in resource-constrained settings, likely mediated by better guideline adherence. These findings support the use of CDSS for health systems strengthening to progress towards universal health coverage.