bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal and subretinal syngeneic bone marrow mononuclear stem cell transplantation improves photoreceptor survival but does not ameliorate retinal function in two rat models of retinal degeneration
Authors: Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Gallego‐Ortega Alejandro , Martínez‐Vacas Ana , García‐Bernal David , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Villegas‐Pérez María P. , García‐Ayuso Diego 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study and compare effects of syngeneic bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BM‐MNCs) transplants on inherited retinal degeneration in two animal models with different etiologies: the RCS and the P23H‐1 rats. To compare the safety and efficacy of two methods of intraocular delivery: subretinal and/or intravitreal.MethodsA suspension of BM‐MNCs was injected subretinally or intravitreally in the left eyes of P23H‐1 and RCS rats at post‐natal day (P) 21. At different survival intervals after the injection: 7, 15, 30 or 60 days, the retinas were cross‐sectioned, and photoreceptor survival and glial cell responses were investigated using immunodetection of cones (anti‐cone arrestin), synaptic connections (anti‐bassoon), microglia (anti‐Iba‐1), astrocytes and Müller cells (anti‐GFAP). Electroretinographic function was also assessed longitudinally.ResultsIntravitreal injections (IVIs) or subretinal injections (SRIs) of BM‐MNCs did not produce adverse effects. The transplanted cells survived for up to 15 days but did not penetrate the retina. Both IVIs and SRIs increased photoreceptor survival, decreased synaptic degeneration and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in Müller cells but did not modify microglial cell activation and migration or the electroretinographic responses.ConclusionsIntravitreal and subretinal syngeneic BM‐MNCs transplantation decreases photoreceptor degeneration and shows anti‐gliotic effects on Müller cells but does not ameliorate retinal function. Moreover, syngeneic BM‐MNCs transplants are more effective than the xenotransplants of these cells. BM‐MNC transplantation has potential therapeutic effects that merit further investigation.
Development of a tool to assess the methodological quality of studies reporting on archaeologically excavated human skeletons: An international Delphi study
Authors: Rajbhoj Amit Arvind , Speyer Renée , Crevecoeur Isabelle , Begnoni Giacomo , Willems Guy , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethodological bias can directly affect the interpretation of research data. Studies reporting on excavated skeletons represent a valuable source of information in medicine, dentistry, archaeology and anthropology, and forensic sciences. However, these studies represent a specific setting with their own methodology, for which no quality assessment tool is available. The aim was to develop a critical appraisal tool to assess the methodological quality of studies reporting on archaeologically excavated human skeletons. An international Delphi study was therefore conducted to support item generation and ensure content validity for a new tool. Experts from the following domains were consulted: dentistry, forensic sciences, archaeology and anthropology, general medicine, epidemiology, and statistics. Participants judged the relevance and comprehensiveness of items retrieved from the literature. Consensus was predefined as 75% agreement between experts, and achieved within two Delphi rounds. As a result, 44 and 32 participants completed the first and second Delphi rounds, respectively, achieving consensus on 17 items. This research provides the first evidence‐based tool for the methodological assessment of studies reporting on archaeologically excavated skeletons. Clinicians and researchers can use this tool for critical appraisal of studies or when performing systematic reviews. Future research will focus on psychometric testing of the newly developed tool.
‘Nothing new under the sun’: Rethinking recycling in the past– Editorial
Authors: Sainsbury Victoria A. , Liu Ruiliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEditorial for the Special Issue of Archaeometry ‘Tackling Recycling in the Past’. The practice of recycling has undoubtedly become one of the most important strategies to build a long‐term sustainable society in the modern world. However, both the perception and practice of recycling can be traced back to prehistory through various archaeological records. Objects made of stone, jade, mortar, textiles, pottery and bones display evidence of physical reshaping and repair, as do objects of metal and glass. Metal and glass, moreover, are materials which can be melted and recast, freeing ancient people from the limitations of the physical form of the original object. Illustrating and understanding patterns of recycling and the underlying social organization can significantly advance our knowledge of ancient people, their economic, political and cultural motivations for recycling, as well as the broad interaction between the social and material world. Though the issue of recycling is not novel in the discussions and debates of the archaeological circle, new theoretical frameworks, methodologies and archaeometric data encourage us to revisit the topic in this special issue. In this editorial, we consider what recycling means in the past, and why these papers are vital.
The humble estimate: Humility predicts higher self‐assessment accuracy
Authors: Teo Nigel Q. X. , Lim Travis , Tong Eddie M. W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHumility is thought to be associated with greater accuracy in self‐assessment. However, clear evidence is lacking. Two studies tested this central proposition. In Study 1 (N = 258), participants completed a task on logical reasoning before estimating both their raw and relative performance. Study 2 (N = 214) was aimed at replicating Study 1 with a task on English fluency. Results from both studies were consistent. There was evidence of overestimation bias across each sample in which participants’ estimated performance was higher than their actual performance. More importantly, humility was associated with less overestimation bias, such that the difference in estimated and actual performance was smaller or non‐existent among those higher in humility. We also replicated the Dunning–Kruger effect in which participants of lower ability in these skills (i.e., lower actual scores) were most likely to overestimate their performance. Further analyses found that the negative relationship between humility and overestimation bias was not moderated by actual performances. However, the same analyses revealed that the Dunning–Kruger effect was also not moderated by humility. Hence, there is strong replicable evidence that humility is associated with less overestimation bias, supporting the view that greater accuracy in self‐assessment is an attribute of humility, and that this relationship is independent of actual ability, but humility does not affect the robust Dunning–Kruger effect.
Determinants of active energy expenditure in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Hendra Heidy , Sridharan Sivakumar , Farrington Ken , Davenport Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLess active haemodialysis patients have an increased risk of mortality. We wished to determine which factors were associated with active energy expenditure (AEE).MethodsWe used the validated recent physical activity questionnaire to determine AEE and estimated dietary protein intake and creatinine generation rates. We measured extracellular and total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) and appendicular lean muscle with bioimpedance and arm strength by hand grip strength (HGS). Patients were graded using the Charlson co‐morbidity and the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS).ResultsAEE was calculated in 98 patients (64 male), mean age 62.1 ± 15.5 years, and AEE was negatively associated with CFS (r = −0.48), ECW/TBW (r = −0.47) and age (r = −0.4), all p < 0.001, Charlson co‐morbidity score (−0.27, p = 0.007), and positively with serum creatinine (r = 0.38, p < 0.010), and HGS (r = 0.25, p = 0.016). Although protein nitrogen accumulation and creatinine generation were associated with resting energy expenditure (r = 0.70 and r = 0.44 respectively, both p < 0.0001), neither were associated with AEE. On multivariable analysis only CFS remained independently associated with AEE (β = −0.031, 95% limits: −0.057 to −0.004, p = 0.024), although both age (negative p = 0.07), and ALM (positive p = 0.081) were retained in the model.ConclusionsWe found that AEE was lower with increasing frailty, age, loss of cell mass, co‐morbidity and inflammation, and greater AEE in patients with higher serum creatinine and albumin, and greater muscle strength on univariate analysis, but only frailty remained independently associated on multivariable analysis. Whether exercise programmes designed to increase AEE in haemodialysis patients can improve frailty scores, and so reduce mortality risk reman to be determined.
P38 initiates degeneration of midbrain GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in diabetes models
Authors: Farhadi Aisan , Totonchi Mehdi , Nabavi Seyed Masood , Baharvand Hossein , Pakdaman Hossein , Hajizadeh‐Saffar Ensiyeh , Mousavi Seyed Ahmad , Hadi Fatemeh , Al‐Sinawi Hamed , Li Quan , Zhang Jin‐San , Tahamtani Yaser , Shahpasand Koorosh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus may cause tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration, but the exact mechanism by which diabetic conditions induce tau pathology remains unclear. Tau protein hyperphosphorylation is considered a major pathological hallmark of neurodegeneration and can be triggered by diabetes. Various tau‐directed kinases, including P38, can be activated upon diabetic stress and induce tau hyperphosphorylation. Despite extensive research efforts, the exact tau specie(s) and kinases driving neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus have not been clearly elucidated. We herein employed different techniques to determine the exact molecular mechanism of tau pathology triggered by diabetes in in vivo and in vitro models. We showed that diabetes‐related stresses and glucose metabolism deficiency could induce cis P‐tau (an early driver of the tau pathology) accumulation in the midbrain and corpus callosum of the diabetic mice models and cells treated with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, respectively. We found that the active phosphorylated level of P38 was increased in the treated cells and diabetic mice models. We observed that oxidative stress activated P38, which directly and indirectly drove tau pathology in the GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons of the midbrain of the diabetic mice after 96 h, which accumulated in the other neighboring brain areas after 2 months. Notably, P38 inhibition suppressed tau pathogenicity and risk‐taking behaviors in the animal models after 96 h. The data establish P38 as a central mediator of diabetes mellitus‐induced tau pathology. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the consequences of this metabolic disorder on the nervous system.
Microbially promoted calcite precipitation in the pelagic redoxcline: Elucidating the formation of the turbid layer
Authors: Leberecht Kerstin M. , Ritter Simon M. , Lapp Christian J. , Klose Lukas , Eschenröder Julian , Scholz Christian , Kühnel Sebastian , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang , Kletzin Arnulf , Isenbeck‐Schröter Margot , Gescher Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge bell‐shaped calcite formations called “Hells Bells” were discovered underwater in the stratified cenote El Zapote on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Together with these extraordinary speleothems, divers found a white, cloudy turbid layer into which some Hells Bells partially extend. Here, we address the central question if the formation of the turbid layer could be based on microbial activity, more specifically, on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling of the microbial community in the turbid layer, which overlaps with the pelagic redoxcline in the cenote, revealed chemolithoautotrophic Hydrogenophilales and unclassified β‐Proteobacteria as the metabolic key players. Bioinformatic and hydrogeochemical data suggest chemolithoautotrophic oxidation of sulfide to zero‐valent sulfur catalyzed by denitrifying organisms due to oxygen deficiency. Incomplete sulfide oxidation via nitrate reduction and chemolithoautotrophy are both proton‐consuming processes, which increase the pH in the redoxcline favoring authigenic calcite precipitation and may contribute to Hells Bells growth. The observed mechanism of microbially induced calcite precipitation is potentially applicable to many other stagnant sulfate‐rich water bodies.
Global estimates of the extent and production of macroalgal forests
Authors: Duarte Carlos M. , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Hancke Kasper , Gundersen Hege , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Pedersen Morten F. , Middelburg Jack J. , Burrows Michael T. , Krumhansl Kira A. , Wernberg Thomas , Moore Pippa , Pessarrodona Albert , Ørberg Sarah B. , Pinto Isabel S. , Assis Jorge , Queirós Ana M. , Smale Dan A. , Bekkby Trine , Serrão Ester A. , Krause‐Jensen Dorte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimMacroalgal habitats are believed to be the most extensive and productive of all coastal vegetated ecosystems. In stark contrast to the growing attention on their contribution to carbon export and sequestration, understanding of their global extent and production is limited and these have remained poorly assessed for decades. Here we report a first data‐driven assessment of the global extent and production of macroalgal habitats based on modelled and observed distributions and net primary production (NPP) across habitat types.LocationGlobal coastal ocean.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedMacroalgae.MethodsHere we apply a comprehensive niche model to generate an improved global map of potential macroalgal distribution, constrained by incident light on the seafloor and substrate type. We compiled areal net primary production (NPP) rates across macroalgal habitats from the literature and combined this with our estimates of the global extent of these habitats to calculate global macroalgal NPP.ResultsWe show that macroalgal forests are a major biome with a global area of 6.06–7.22 million km2, dominated by red algae, and NPP of 1.32 Pg C/year, dominated by brown algae.Main conclusionsThe global macroalgal biome is comparable, in area and NPP, to the Amazon forest, but is globally distributed as a thin strip around shorelines. Macroalgae are expanding in polar, subpolar and tropical areas, where their potential extent is also largest, likely increasing the overall contribution of algal forests to global carbon sequestration.
Haemophilia gene therapy—Update on new country initiatives
Authors: Reiss Ulrike M. , Mahlangu Johnny , Ohmori Tsukasa , Ozelo Margareth C. , Srivastava Alok , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionGene therapy is emerging as a potential cure for haemophilia. Gene therapy is a one‐time treatment that can elevate factor levels for many years and minimize or eliminate the need for clotting factor concentrate (CFC) replacement therapy. However, there is a paucity of reports on gene therapy efforts in countries outside of North America or Europe, especially in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMIC). All indications are that gene therapy will be one of standard care treatments for haemophilia in the future. Still, it may not be accessible to many countries due to various barriers and challenges. At the same time, each country may formulate solutions that may be used globally.AimTo summarize the approaches taken to establish haemophilia gene therapy in Japan, China, India, South Africa, and Brazil, and to describe the US‐initiated multi‐LMIC haemophilia gene therapy development program to include Peru, Vietnam, Thailand, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.MethodsA review of related published information or as accessible by each country's author.ResultsDifferent starting conditions, differing input and level of support from the multitude of stakeholders, and strong leadership have led to various approaches for facilitating research and developing needed infrastructure and regulatory and financing models. Gene therapy programs are at various stages of development and include both adeno‐associated viral and lentiviral vectors.ConclusionGlobal partnerships and collaboration, exchange of knowledge and experience, and alignment of processes across borders will promote further progress towards global access to gene therapy for haemophilia.
Towards novel treatment options in von Willebrand disease
Authors: Lenting Peter J. , Kizlik‐Manson Claire , Casari Caterina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF) is associated with a bleeding disorder known as von Willebrand disease (VWD). The clinical manifestations of VWD are heterogeneous, and are in part dictated by the structural or functional defects of VWF. The tools to control bleeding in VWD are dominated by VWF concentrates, desmopressin and antifibrinolytic therapy. In view of these treatments being considered as effective, it is surprising that quality‐of‐life studies consistently demonstrate a significant mental and physical burden in VWD patients, particularly in women. Apparently, the current weaponry to support the management of VWD is insufficient to fully address the needs of the patients. It is important therefore to continue to search for innovative treatment options which could better serve the VWD patients. In this short review, two of such options are discussed in more detail: emicizumab to correct for the deficiency of factor VIII (FVIII), and the pegylated aptamer BT200 to increase endogenous levels of the VWF/FVIII complex.
Therapeutic and technological advancements in haemophilia care: Quantum leaps forward
Authors: Lewandowska Magdalena , Nasr Sonia , Shapiro Amy D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent technological innovations in haemophilia have advanced at an astounding pace, including gene therapy programmes and bioengineered molecules for prophylaxis, products that reduce treatment burden through half‐life extension, unique mechanisms of action, and subcutaneous administration. Additional technological advancements have emerged that are anticipated to further transform haemophilia care.AimReview new and emerging haemophilia therapies, including replacement and bypassing products, digital applications, utilisation of big data, and personalised medicine.MethodsData were obtained from peer‐reviewed presentations/publications, and ongoing studies in haemophilia, ultrasonography, and artificial intelligence (AI).ResultsAvailable treatments include new recombinant factors VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX), extended half‐life FVIII/IX products, a new FVIIa product for inhibitor patients, and a FVIIIa‐mimetic. Several novel therapeutics are in clinical trials, including FVIIIa mimetics and inhibitors of naturally‐occurring anticoagulants. Ongoing gene therapy trials suggest that a single vector infusion using an optimised construct can produce factor activity that reduces bleeding to near zero for years. Today, persons with haemophilia (PwH) approach a lifespan comparable to that of the general population, presenting treatment challenges for age‐related co‐morbidities. Technological innovations have broadened beyond therapeutics to include large database analyses utilising remote data collection with handheld devices, and to tailor AI applications. Current development efforts include patient‐performed ultrasonography, algorithms for scan interpretation, and point‐of‐care haemostatic testing devices.ConclusionsWe have entered a golden age for haemophilia treatment and care with wide‐ranging advancements targeting improved quality of life (QoL). Future‐focused efforts by clinical and patient communities may provide equitable access and care for people impacted by haemophilia worldwide.
What is new in adult acne for the last 2 years: focus on acne pathophysiology and treatments
Authors: Dagnelie Marie‐Ange , Poinas Alexandra , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcne affects more than 640 million people worldwide, including about 85% of adolescents. This inflammatory dermatosis affects the entire population, from teenagers to adults, which reinforces the need to investigate it. Furthermore, in adults, acne has serious consequences, including a psychological impact, low self‐esteem, social isolation, and depression. Over the last years, the understanding of acne pathophysiology has improved, mainly thanks to the identification of the pivotal role of the microbiota. The aim of this review was to screen the most recent scientific literature on adult acne and the newly tested treatments. Clinically, therapeutic innovations for the treatment of acne have been recently developed, including pre/probiotics, new molecules, and innovative formulations associated, however, with fewer side effects. Moreover, clinical trials are underway to use off‐label molecules that seem to be proving their value in the fight against adult acne.
The balance of interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐23 determines the bias of MAIT1 versus MAIT17 responses during bacterial infection
Authors: Wang Huimeng , Nelson Adam G , Wang Bingjie , Zhao Zhe , Lim Xin Yi , Shi Mai , Meehan Lucy J , Jia Xiaoxiao , Kedzierska Katherine , Meehan Bronwyn S , Eckle Sidonia BG , Souter Michael NT , Pediongco Troi J , Mak Jeffrey YW , Fairlie David P , McCluskey James , Wang Zhongfang , Corbett Alexandra J , Chen Zhenjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a major subset of innate‐like T cells mediating protection against bacterial infection through recognition of microbial metabolites derived from riboflavin biosynthesis. Mouse MAIT cells egress from the thymus as two main subpopulations with distinct functions, namely, T‐bet‐expressing MAIT1 and RORγt‐expressing MAIT17 cells. Previously, we reported that inducible T‐cell costimulator and interleukin (IL)‐23 provide essential signals for optimal MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1)‐dependent activation and expansion of MAIT17 cells in vivo. Here, in a model of tularemia, in which MAIT1 responses predominate, we demonstrate that IL‐12 and IL‐23 promote MAIT1 cell expansion during acute infection and that IL‐12 is indispensable for MAIT1 phenotype and function. Furthermore, we showed that the bias toward MAIT1 or MAIT17 responses we observed during different bacterial infections was determined and modulated by the balance between IL‐12 and IL‐23 and that these responses could be recapitulated by cytokine coadministration with antigen. Our results indicate a potential for tailored immunotherapeutic interventions via MAIT cell manipulation.
The Formation of Inflation Expectations: Microdata Evidence from Japan
Authors: KIKUCHI JUNICHI , NAKAZONO YOSHIYUKI 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for measuring inflation expectations, which can alleviate the rounding number problem. Furthermore, we examine how consumers form inflation expectations. We find that consumers heterogeneously update their information sets on prices; 46% of the consumers collect information about the consumer price index at least once a quarter, while the remaining consumers less frequently or never obtain this information. We also find that forecast revisions are sensitive to a change in food prices. More than half of consumers are attentive only to a change in food prices and may form their inflation expectations using food price changes as a signal of fluctuations in the overall inflation rates. The existence of consumers who are inattentive to aggregate inflation casts doubt on the transmission of monetary policy through the management of expectations.