bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of manila palm (Adonidia merrillii Becc.) supplementation on production performance, rumen fermentation, hematology and eradication of gastro-Intestinal nematodes of goat
Authors: Norrapoke Thitima , Pongjongmit Tanitpan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of research was to understand the effect of manila palm (Adonidia merrillii Becc.) supplementation on production performance, rumen fermentation, hematology and eradication of gastro-intestinal nematodes of goat. Sixteen native crossbred goats the ages of 1-2 year are divided into 8 males and 8 females at initial body weight (BW) of 20±3.1 kg was used in this experiment. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) trial was planned to compare 4 supplementation forms of ivermectin and manila palm. Group 1 received ivermectin 3.03 microgram /kg body weight. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with seeds in manila palm, manila palm peel and manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg, respectively. Results revealed that average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, digestibility, BUN, Hct, ruminal pH, NH3 -N, temperature, total VFA and butyric acid were non significantly (P&gt;0.05). The concentration of acetic acid was decreased by supplementation of manila palm (P&lt;0.05) whereas propionic acid was increased (P&lt;0.05) by goat fed manila palm especially manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg when compare with author group. However, CH4 was decreased (P&lt;0.05) as result of supplementation of manila palm compared to author group. Whereas, goats fed manila palm whole extract decreased the protozoal population (P&lt;0.05). After the goat receives treatment at 1, 3, 14 days showed a decrease in the goat’s fecal egg count was no significant (P&gt;0.05). After receives treatment at 7 and 21 days showed a decrease in the goat’s fecal egg count had significant (P &lt; 0.05). After that at 28 and 35 days the results showed increase in the goat’s fecal egg count had significant (P &lt; 0.05). This study concluded that supplementation of manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg resulted in increased propionic acid and decreased CH4 production, protozoa population and fecal eggs counts. This study concluded that feeding of manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg is recommended because it has the best level for use as animal feed supplementation.
Community and Transcriptome Foliar Mycobiota Transitions in Response to Pathogenic Conifer Needle Interactions
Authors: Ata Jessa , Caballero Jorge , Abdo Zaid , Mondo Stephen , Stewart Jane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Profiling the host-mycobiota interactions in healthy vs. diseased forest ecosystems helps understand the dynamics of understudied yet increasingly important threats to forest health that are emerging due to climate change. We analyzed the structural and functional changes of the mycobiota and the responses of Pinus contorta in the Lophodermella needle cast pathosystem through metabarcoding and metatranscriptomics. When needles transitioned from asymptomatic to symptomatic, dysbiosis of the mycobiota occurred, but with an enrichment of Lophodermella pathogens. Many pathogenicity-related genes were highly expressed by the mycobiota at the necrotrophic phase, suggesting an active pathogen response that are absent in asymptomatic needles. This study also revealed that Lophodermella spp. are members of a healthy needle mycobiota that have a latent lifestyles suggesting that other pine needle pathogens may have similar biology. Interestingly, P. contorta upregulated defense genes in healthy needles, indicating response to fungal recognition, while a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses genes were activated in diseased needles. Further investigation to elucidate the possible antagonistic interplay of other biotic members leading to disease progression and/or suppression is warranted. This study provides insights into microbial interactions in non-model pathosystems and contributes to the development of new forest management strategies against emerging latent pathogens.
Metacognitive Awareness And Its Relation To Students’ Academic Achievement: Time To Ponder Its Implication In Delivery of The Curriculum.
Authors: Hassan Shahid , Venkateswaran Sunil Pazhayanur , Agarwal Puneet , Sulaiman Abdul Rasyid Bin , Burud Ismail Abdul Sattar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In the self-regulated learning theory, metacognition refers to “skills that enable learners to understand and monitor their cognitive process”. Two categories of metacognition were described as knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition. Metacognition skills enable learners to understand and monitor their cognitive processes. Metacognitive skills are necessary for curriculum delivery and should be taught. Students with metacognitive skills are expected to perform better and the present research provides evidence and recommends metacognition to be taught in future curriculum practice.Methodology: Metacognition awareness inventory (MAI) score was collected to determine students’ metacognitive skills in declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge as well as the process involved in its planning, monitoring, and evaluation. Another purpose of this study was exploratory, to determine the validity of the MAI in terms of statistical relationship between metacognitive skills as knowledge of cognitive factor (KCF) and regulation of cognitive factor (RCF). Knowledge monitoring accuracy (KMA) as the difference between students' estimated Score (SES) versus actual knowledge on tests was also calculated, both in written OBA and EMQ (KMAW) and clinical tests OSCE (KMAC). MAI score was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient with academic achievement at the end of semester assessment (EOSA) both in written (EOSAW) and clinical (EOSAC) testsResult: A mean score of 39.07 (6.68) for MAI and 24.13 (14.24) for KMAW and KMAC was found with a high standard deviation. A negative correlation between MAI and EOSAW (-0.029) and MAI and EOSAC (-0.187), while a high correlation between MAI and KCF = 0.808, MAI and RCF (0.920) were found (p<0.001). The correlation between KCF and RCF was moderately high (0.559, p <.001). A negative correlation was also found between KMAW and EOSAW (-0.392). The correlation of EOSA achievement score and KFC and RCF was also negative at -0.002 and -0.100 respectively. A mixed insignificant (p>0.05) correlation was among MAI, KMA, and SES for individual instruments.Conclusion: A poor correlation of metacognitive skills and achievement scores indicates students’ unrealistic self-evaluation of cognition for knowledge and regulation. This suggests curriculum delivery to incorporate students’ awareness about metacognition in their learning process.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli From Domestic Free-Range Poultry In Agogo, Ghana
Authors: Akenten Charity Wiafe , Ofori Linda Aurelia , Mbwana Joyce , Sarpong Nimako , May Jürgen , Thye Thorsten , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , Paintsil Ellis Kobina , Philipps Richard Odame , Eibach Daniel , Krumkamp Ralf , Dekker Denise 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) producing bacteria in poultry meat has been suggested as one of the sources of resistant genes, that can lead to difficult-to treat infections in humans. This study aims at determining the frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli, the genetic characterization and antibiotic profile among domestic free-range poultry in Agogo, Ghana. Faecal samples were collected from domestic free-roaming chicken and cultured on ESBL screening agar. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 compact system. ESBL-producing E. coli were confirmed using the Double Disk Synergy (DDS) test. Molecular detection and further sequencing of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes was performed using standardized methods.Results: 56.2% (n/N=81/144) of collected faecal samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. All (n/N=81/81) strains were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, cefotaxime and cefuroxime. High rates of resistance were also observed for tetracycline (93.8%, n/N=76/81) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.67; n/N=54/81). Resistance to Carbapenems was not found. The majority of ESBL producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes with blaCTX-M-15, 95.1% (n/N=77/81) being the dominant genotype.Conclusions:We report high ESBL rates, which is a potential infection source of animals as well as humans, and that a control of antibiotic overuse and animal hygiene/sanitation measures are important from a one health perspective.
Local Tuning of Radiomics-Based Model for Predicting Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Tang Bin , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Peng Qian , Boldrini Luca , Hou Qing , Dinapoli Nicola , Valentini Vincenzo , Diao Peng , Yin Gang , Orlandini Lucia Clara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to further enhance a validated radiomics-based model for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) after chemo‑radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) for use in the clinical practice. Methods: A generalized linear model (GLM) to predict pCR in LARC patients previously trained in Europe and validated with external inter-continental cohort (59 patients) was first examined with further 88 intercontinental patient datasets to assess its reproducibility; new radiomics and clinical features, and validation methods were aslo investigated to enhance the pCR prediction for patients admitted to our department. The patients were divided into training group (75%) and validation group (25%) according to their demographic. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted features of the training group and select the optimal ones; the performance of the reference GLM and enhanced models was compared through the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics. Results: The value of AUC of the reference model was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.701‐0.961), and 0.828 (95% CI, 0.700 ‐0.956) in the original and new validation cohorts, respectively, showing a reproducibility in the applicability of the original model. Eight features were found to be significant with LASSO model and added in the new model. The AUC of the enhanced model of 0.926 (95% CI, 0.859-0.993) for training, and 0.926 (95% CI, 0.767-1.00) for the validation group shows better performance than the reference model. Conclusions: the GLM model shows a good reproducibility in predicting pCR in LARC; the enhanced model has the potential to improve prediction accuracy and may be a candidate in clinical practice.
Ring Contraction of Metallacyclobutadiene to Metallacyclopropene Driven by π- and σ-Aromaticity Relay
Authors: Zhuo Kaiyue , Liu Yanan , Ruan Kaidong , Hua Yuhui , Lin Yu-Mei , Xia Haiping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
π-Aromaticity is an important driving force in directing the synthesis of aromatic compounds; in contrast, reactions induced by σ-aromaticity are uncommon. Herein, we report a strategy based on π- and σ-aromaticity relays to realize the first structurally defined ring contraction of metallacyclobutadiene to metallacyclopropene. This reaction involves the release of the π-antiaromaticity of metallacyclobutadiene in 2a to afford a π-aromatic intermediate (4A), followed by ring reclosure to generate σ-aromatic metallacyclopropene in 3a. The ring-opening-reclosing mechanism and versatile switching of the aromaticity of the metallacyclic species are supported by experimental results and theoretical calculations. This work demonstrates the importance of the synergistic effects of π- and σ-aromaticity as driving forces in reactions and sheds light on possible applications in other challenging transformations.
Epidemiological study of Rotavirus infection in the diarrheic neonatal calves
Authors: Youssef Z.M.A. , Zaitoun A.M.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, and Rotavirus is the main viral etiology. The objective of the current study was to study the epidemiological role of Rotavirus infection in diarrheic neonatal cattle and buffaloes 'calves in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. From December 2015 to November 2019, a total number of 315 neonatal calves' belonged to different localities of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt, were clinically examined. Fecal samples of investigated calves were subsequently collected and serologically tested to reveal-up Rotavirus infection by using latex agglutination test (LAT) and immunochrmatographic assay (ICA).
Results
The seropositive samples by LAT and ICA were 16.74% and 8.54%, respectively. The clinical findings of Rotavirus infection in enteric calves were pointed. The percentage of Rotavirus infection was 14.92% (44/295) of clinically diarrheic calves. However, 10% (2/20) of apparently healthy calves (n = 20) harbor Rotavirus in their feces suggesting carrier status. The high percentage of Rotavirus infection (20.13%) was obviously observed in 3 days-4 weeks old calves. There were no significance differences (P<0.05) between the percentages of Rotavirus infection and sex, species (cattle and buffaloes) and breed (Native and Cross breed) of serologically tested calves. Moreover, there is no significant variations (p<0.05) between calves under farmer’s hand and calves bred in farm in susceptibility to Rotavirus infection. Based on climatologic conditions of Assiut, seropositive cases were more prevalent (P< 0.001) in cold months (22.67%) than the warm and hot months (7.27%) in Assiut.
Conclusion
Rotavirus plays an outstanding role in causing enteritis in calves during neonatal stages in different localities of Assiut. Vaccination program of pregnant dams and lactogenic immunity in calves against Rotavirus infection should be warranted.
Multicenter Study of Lumen-apposing Metal Stents With or Without Pigtail in Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Biliary Drainage for Malignant Obstruction- Bampi Trial: an Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.
Authors: Garcia-Sumalla Albert , Loras Carme , Sanchiz Vicente , Pedraza-Sanz Rafael , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Aparicio Jose Ramon , Serna-Higuera Carlos De la , Luna-Garcia Daniel , Andujar Xavier , Capilla Maria , Barbera Tatiana , Foruny-Olcina Jose Ramon , Martinez-Moreno Belen , Dura Miguel , Salord Silvia , Laquente Berta , Tebe Cristian , Videla Sebastia , Perez-Miranda Manuel , Gornals Joan b 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether the insertion of an axis-orienting double-pigtail plastic stent (DPS) through biliary lumen-apposing meal stent (LAMS) in EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) improves the stent patency. The aim of this study is to determine whether this technical variant offers a clinical benefit in EUS-guided biliary drainage (BD) for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction.Methods/design: This is a multicenter open-label, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups. Eighty-four patients with malignant biliary obstruction will undergo EUS-BD (CDS type) using LAMS in 7 tertiary hospitals in Spain and will be randomized to the LAMS and LAMS plus DPS groups. The primary endpoint is the rate of recurrent biliary obstruction, as a stent dysfunction parameter, detected during follow-up. Secondary endpoints: technical and clinical success (reduction in bilirubin >50% within 14 days of stent placement), safety, and others (number of reinterventions, time to biliary obstruction, prognostic factors, survival rate).Discussion: The BAMPI trial has been designed to determine whether the addition of a coaxial axis-orienting DPS through LAMS is superior to LAMS alone to prevent stent dysfunction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04595058. Registered on October 14, 2020.
Australian Wildfires Cause The Largest Stratospheric Warming Since Pinatubo.
Authors: Damany-Pearce Lilly , Johnson Ben , Wells Alice , Osborne Martin , Allan James , Belcher Claire , Haywood Jim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Global mean lower stratosphere temperatures rose abruptly in January 2020 reaching values not experienced since the early 1990s. Anomalous lower stratospheric temperatures were recorded for 4 months at highly statistically significant levels (p-values of 0.0004 to 0.02). While the warming event of 1991-1993 has been definitively attributed to absorption of sunlight by stratospheric sulfate from the eruption of Pinatubo, no candidate volcanic eruption for explaining the 2020 stratospheric heating exists. Here, we use a combination of satellite and surface-based remote sensing observations to derive a time-series of stratospheric biomass burning aerosol optical depths originating from intense S.E. Australian wildfires and apply these aerosol optical depths to a state-of-the-art climate model. We show beyond doubt that the S.E. Australian wildfires are the cause of this lower stratospheric warming with implications for stratospheric dynamics and stratospheric ozone should this type of event become more frequent in the future.
Investigation of the potential mechanism of the Shugan Xiaozhi decoction for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Xing Yufeng , Yang Rong , Yang Huili , Jiang Dansheng , Xu Linyi , Feng Lian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic-related disease with its incidence increasing annually. Shugan Xiaozhi (SGXZ) decoction, a composite traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, was demonstrated to exert a therapeutic effect on NAFLD. However, the underlying mechanisms were incompletely elucidated. In this study, the potential bioactive ingredients and mechanism of the SGXZ decoction against NAFLD were explored via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: Compounds in SGXZ decoction were identified and collected from literature studies, and the corresponding targets were predicted through SEA database. Potential targets related to NAFLD were overlapped by using DisGeNET and GeneCards database. The compound-target-disease and PPI network were then constructed based on the putative intersection targets of SGXZ decoction and NAFLD to recognize the key compounds and targets. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the biological process and signaling pathway that SGXZ decoction treated NAFLD. Finally, molecular docking combined with homology modeling was applied to further verify the binding between key active compounds and targets.Results: A total of 31 active compounds and 220 corresponding targets in SGXZ decoction were collected. Moreover, 1544 overlapped targets of NAFLD were obtained, of which 78 common targets were intersected with targets of SGXZ decoction. Key compounds and targets were recognized from compound-target-disease and PPI network. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that multiple biological pathways were annotated including insulin resistance, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A could combine firmly with all of the key targets. Conclusion: SGXZ decoction could produce a promising effect for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-biological process in the treatment of NAFLD. The present study provides the novel insight into a comprehensive understanding for further study.
Clinical factors and association with treatment modalities in patients with breast cancer and brain metastases who develop leptomeningeal disease
Authors: Puri Akshjot , Mylavarapu Charisma , Xu Jiaqiong , Patel Tejal A , Teh Bin S. , Tremont-Lukats Ivo , Chang Jenny C. , Niravath Polly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is an aggressive complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with brain metastases (BM), with a short survival of weeks to months. Studies suggest that surgical resection of BM may increases the risk of LMD, especially in infratentorial metastases. In this retrospective study, we examine this and other factors which may be associated with increased risk of LMD. METHODS A database search at a single institution identified 178 patients with MBC and treated BM between 2007-2020. We collected demographic, clinical, radiographic and other treatment data. LMD was diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, neuroimaging, or both. Cox proportional hazards model was used. RESULTS After a median follow up of 8.5 months, 41 out of 178 patients (23%) with BM developed LMD. Median time to develop LMD was 130 days. Mean age was 51.3 years. The number and size of the BM, hemorrhagic/cystic lesions, progressive/stable systemic disease, and extracranial metastases sites other than liver did not pose a higher risk of LMD. Infratentorial lesions (HR=5.41) and liver metastases (HR=2.28) had a higher risk of LMD. Patients who had any surgery did not have a higher risk for LMD (HR 1.13). The LMD group had a worse overall survival as compared to the non-LMD group. CONCLUSIONS Among MBC patients with BM, infratentorial BM and visceral liver lesions increase the risk of LMD whereas local treatment modalities such as surgery and radiation do not. This data implies that local treatment strategy should not differ based on potential risk for LMD.
COVID-19 self-testing, a way to “live side by side with the coronavirus”: results from a qualitative study in Indonesia
Authors: Thomas Catherine , Shilton Sonjelle , Thomas Caroline , Iye Claudius Mone , Martínez-Pérez Guillermo Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Alongside mass vaccination for COVID-19, sustainable decentralized SARS-CoV-2 screening strategies are needed to empower local communities and help them contribute to health authorities’ efforts to end the pandemic in low- and middle-income countries. Indonesia is among the nations with an overstretched health system that may benefit from technological innovations such as SARS-CoV-2 self-testing to detect asymptomatic cases and interrupt the transmission of the virus to healthy individuals. Methods In mid-2021, we conducted a qualitative research study with the aim of understanding key decision-makers’ values and preferences regarding the implementation of COVID-19 self-testing in Indonesia. This research received ethics approval from the Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya and used a thematic comparative analysis approach to explore the insights expressed by healthcare workers, representatives of civil society, and potential self-testing implementers in three geographies: Jakarta, Banten, and North Sulawesi. Results Thirty semi-structured interviews and six focus group discussions were carried out. As per the informants’ narratives, the Indonesian public might accept self-testing as a tool that will help them test for COVID-19 at their own convenience. Concerns were expressed about the possibility of the public doubting the reliability of self-testing kits if these were not properly regulated and if counterfeit kits were known to be on the market. Fear of stigma, isolation, and clinical care costs were perceived to be among the drivers for self-test users to not report a reactive result. These fears might be mitigated, as per the study informants’ opinions, by awareness raising, passing of regulations, and participatory engagement of a range of community actors, such as village officers.Conclusions Decision-makers consider self-testing a to-be-welcomed screening tool that could contribute to ensuring earlier access to treatment and decrease transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia.