bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of D/HH-Students on Mainstream Higher Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: van den Heuij Kirsten M L , Neijenhuis Karin , Coene Martine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial, contextual, and technological changes affected the educational context for students who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) in higher education in many countries. Although, several barriers to academic success already have been identified, the perspectives of D/HH-students on inclusion, educational facilities, and support are important to overcome them. This interview-based qualitative study describes the perspectives of 32 D/HH-students in mainstream higher education in The Netherlands. Within the dichotomy of environmental factors and personal factors, data have been analysed. Students experienced social acceptance by others with typical hearing, although participating in social events sometimes caused feelings of loneliness or separation. Access arrangements and adjustments in educational programs were necessary to cope with the experienced fatigue, participate during lectures or increase speech intelligibility of the lecturer. Especially poor classroom acoustics and limited intelligibility of speech hampered students during lectures. Students expressed their dissatisfaction about the way access arrangements and adjustments were arranged, yet at the same time, they do not know what the requested help should look like. A co-created policy in which D/HH-students, student support officers, and institutional policy makers are involved, would support D/HH-students in mainstream higher education in The Netherlands and abroad in their needs.
Social determinants of health and catheter ablation after an incident diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Calvert Peter , Kronborg Mads Brix , Cosedis-Nielsen Jens , Gupta Dhiraj , Ding Wern Yew , Trinquart Ludovic , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Frost Lars , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine (i) the sex-specific associations between three social determinants of health (SDOH) and use of ablation after incident atrial fibrillation (AF), and (ii) the temporal trends in these associations.Methods and resultsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study of patients with an incident hospital diagnosis of AF between 2005 and 2018. SDOH at the time of AF diagnosis included three levels of educational attainment, tertile groups of family income, and whether the patient was living alone. Outcome was catheter ablation for AF. We used cause-specific proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI and adjusted for age. To examine temporal trends, we included an interaction term between the exposure and calendar years. Among 122 276 men, those with lower education [HR 0.49 (95%CI 0.45–0.53)] and 0.72 (0.68–0.77) for lower and medium vs. higher], lower income [HR 0.31 (0.27–0.34) and 0.56 (0.52–0.60) for lower and medium vs. higher], and who lived alone [HR 0.60 (0.55–0.64)] were less likely to receive AF ablation. Among 98 476 women, those with lower education [HR 0.45 (0.40–0.50) and 0.83 (0.75–0.91) for lower and medium vs. higher], lower income [HR 0.34 (0.28–0.40) and 0.51 (0.46–0.58) for lower and medium vs. higher], and who lived alone [HR 0.67 (0.61–0.74)] were less likely to receive AF ablation. We found no evidence of temporal trends in the associations.ConclusionIn the Danish universal healthcare system, patients with AF who had lower educational attainment, lower family income, or were living alone were less likely to undergo AF ablation.
Effect of temperature on microbial reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes: a review
Authors: Bin Hudari Mohammad Sufian , Richnow Hans , Vogt Carsten , Nijenhuis Ivonne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemperature is a key factor affecting microbial activity and ecology. An increase in temperature generally increases rates of microbial processes up to a certain threshold, above which rates decline rapidly. In the subsurface, temperature of groundwater is usually stable and related to the annual average temperature at the surface. However, anthropogenic activities related to the use of the subsurface, e.g. for thermal heat management, foremost heat storage, will affect the temperature of groundwater locally. This minireview intends to summarize the current knowledge on reductive dehalogenation activities of the chlorinated ethenes, common urban groundwater contaminants, at different temperatures. This includes an overview of activity and dehalogenation extent at different temperatures in laboratory isolates and enrichment cultures, the effect of shifts in temperature in micro- and mesocosm studies as well as observed biotransformation at different natural and induced temperatures at contaminated field sites. Furthermore, we address indirect effects on biotransformation, e.g. changes in fermentation, methanogenesis, and sulfate reduction as competing or synergetic microbial processes. Finally, we address the current gaps in knowledge regarding bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, microbial community shifts, and bottlenecks for active combination with thermal energy storage, and necessities for bioaugmentation and/or natural repopulations after exposure to high temperature.
The contribution of DNA repair pathways to genome editing and evolution in filamentous pathogens
Authors: Huang Jun , Cook David E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks require repair or risk corrupting the language of life. To ensure genome integrity and viability, multiple DNA double-strand break repair pathways function in eukaryotes. Two such repair pathways, canonical non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination, have been extensively studied, while other pathways such as microhomology-mediated end joint and single-strand annealing, once thought to serve as back-ups, now appear to play a fundamental role in DNA repair. Here, we review the molecular details and hierarchy of these four DNA repair pathways, and where possible, a comparison for what is known between animal and fungal models. We address the factors contributing to break repair pathway choice, and aim to explore our understanding and knowledge gaps regarding mechanisms and regulation in filamentous pathogens. We additionally discuss how DNA double-strand break repair pathways influence genome engineering results, including unexpected mutation outcomes. Finally, we review the concept of biased genome evolution in filamentous pathogens, and provide a model, termed Biased Variation, that links DNA double-strand break repair pathways with properties of genome evolution. Despite our extensive knowledge for this universal process, there remain many unanswered questions, for which the answers may improve genome engineering and our understanding of genome evolution.
Integrating Technology Adoption Models Into Implementation Science Methodologies: A Mixed-Methods Preimplementation Study
Authors: Gallant Natasha L , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Stopyn Rhonda J N , Feere Emma K 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSustainable implementation of patient-oriented technologies in health care settings is challenging. Preimplementation studies guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) can provide opportunities to address barriers and leverage facilitators that can maximize the likelihood of successful implementation. When looking to implement patient-oriented technologies, preimplementation studies may also benefit from guidance from a conceptual framework specific to technology adoption such as the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This study was, therefore, aimed at identifying determinants for the successful implementation of a patient-oriented technology (i.e., automated pain behavior monitoring [APBM] system) within a health care setting (i.e., long-term care [LTC] facility).Research Design and MethodsUsing a mixed-methods study design, 164 LTC nurses completed a set of questionnaires and 68 LTC staff participated in individual interviews involving their perceptions of an APBM system in LTC environments. Quantitative data were analyzed using a series of mediation analyses and narrative responses were examined using directed content analysis.ResultsPerformance expectancy and effort expectancy partially and fully mediated the influence of implementation, readiness for organizational change, and technology readiness constructs on behavioral intentions to use the APBM system in LTC environments. Findings from the qualitative portion of this study provide guidance for the development of an intervention that is grounded in the CFIR.Discussion and ImplicationsBased on our results, we offer recommendations for the implementation of patient-oriented technologies in health care settings.
Numerical experiments on thermal convection of highly compressible fluids with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity in 2-D cylindrical geometry: implications for mantle convection of super-Earths
Authors: Kameyama Masanori 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
We conduct a series of numerical experiments of thermal convection of highly compressible fluids in 2-D cylindrical annulus, in order to study the mantle convection on super-Earths. The variations in thermodynamic properties (thermal expansivity and reference density) with depth are taken to be relevant for the super-Earths with 10 times the Earth’s mass, while those in transport properties (viscosity and thermal conductivity) are modelled by an exponential dependence on temperature and/or depth. From our experiments we identified a distinct regime of convecting flow patterns induced by the interplay between the adiabatic temperature change and the spatial variations in viscosity and thermal conductivity. That is, for the cases with strong temperature-dependent viscosity and large increase in thermal conductivity with depth, a ‘deep stratosphere’ of stable thermal stratification is formed at the base of the mantle, in addition to thick stagnant lids at their top surfaces. In the ‘deep stratosphere’, the fluid motion is insignificant particularly in the vertical direction in spite of smallest viscosity owing to its strong dependence on temperature. From the comparison with the experiments with the Cartesian geometry, we also found that the occurrence of ‘deep stratosphere’ tends to be suppressed for the cases with cylindrical geometry, owing to the reduction of the surface area with depth which helps increase the temperature gradient in the lowermost mantle. Our finding may further imply that both the effects of adiabatic compression and those of spherical (or cylindrical) geometry of mantle are of crucial importance in understanding the mantle dynamics of massive super-Earths in the presence of spatial variations in physical properties.
Referring patients with suspected lung cancer: a qualitative study with primary healthcare professionals in Ireland
Authors: Saab Mohamad M , O’Driscoll Michelle , FitzGerald Serena , Sahm Laura J , Leahy-Warren Patricia , Noonan Brendan , Kilty Caroline , O’Malley Maria , Lyons Noreen , Burns Heather E , Kennedy Una , Lyng Áine , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Most cases are diagnosed late. Primary healthcare professionals are often the first point of contact for symptoms of concern. This study explored primary healthcare professionals’ experience of referring individuals with signs and symptoms suggestive of lung cancer along the appropriate healthcare pathway and explored strategies to help primary healthcare professionals detect lung cancer early. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with 36 general practitioners, community pharmacists, practice nurses, and public health nurses. Data were analysed thematically. Participants identified typical lung cancer signs and symptoms such as cough and coughing up blood (i.e., haemoptysis) as triggers for referral. Atypical/non-specific signs and symptoms such as back pain, pallor, and abnormal blood tests were perceived as difficult to interpret. Participants often refrained from using the word ‘cancer’ during conversations with patients. Ireland’s Rapid Access Lung Clinics were perceived as underused, with some general practitioners referring patients to these clinics only when clear and definitive lung cancer signs and symptoms are noted. Lack of communication and the resulting disruption in continuity of care for patients with suspected lung cancer were highlighted as healthcare system flaws. Education on early referral can be in the form of communications from professional organizations, webinars, interdisciplinary meetings, education by lung specialists, and patient testimonials. Lung cancer referral checklists and algorithms should be simple, clear, and visually appealing, either developed as standalone tools or embedded into existing primary care software/programmes.
High Wing-Loading Correlates with Dive Performance in Birds, Suggesting a Strategy to Reduce Buoyancy
Authors: Lapsansky Anthony B , Warrick Douglas R , Tobalske Bret W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Diving birds are regarded as a classic example of morphological convergence. Divers tend to have small wings extending from rotund bodies, requiring many volant species to fly with rapid wingbeats, and rendering others flightless. The high wing-loading of diving birds is frequently associated with the challenge of using forelimbs adapted for flight for locomotion in a “draggier” fluid, but this does not explain why species that rely exclusively on their feet to dive should have relatively small wings, as well. Therefore, others have hypothesized that ecological factors shared by wing-propelled and foot-propelled diving birds drive the evolution of high wing-loading. Following a reexamination of the aquatic habits of birds, we tested between hypotheses seeking to explain high wing-loading in divers using new comparative data and phylogenetically informed analyses. We found little evidence that wing-propelled diving selects for small wings, as wing-propelled and foot-propelled species share similar wing-loadings. Instead, our results suggest that selection to reduce buoyancy has driven high wing-loading in divers, offering insights for the development of bird-like aquatic robots.
Optimal pricing and budget decisions in public health systems with delay sensitive patients
Authors: Huang Senlong , Hu Dongbin , Chen Wuhua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The congestion of public hospitals for elective treatment in some countries and regions, such as Canada and Hong Kong where the free health policy is implemented, is a serious issue. The main reason is the excessive demand generated by the provision of free service. In response, the government can set appropriate service price and budget for public hospitals to moderate such demand. This is often referred to as the charging policy, implemented in countries such as China. A Stackelberg game is established for a health system consisting of a government, a public health provider and delay sensitive patients. The results show that when the customers' waiting cost is low (e.g., the market demand, the patients delay sensitivity, or the unit capacity cost is low), the free health policy outperforms the charging policy; otherwise, the charging policy is better. Moreover, we find that the equilibrium waiting time and the equilibrium price decrease with the market demand when the funder attaches more importance to patients’ welfare than the budget surplus and the total budget is sufficient.
A novel phased-array transmitting source in controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics
Authors: Fan Haifeng , Zhang Yiming , Wang Xuhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In traditional controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT), the orthogonal magnetic and electric field components in the far-field region are recorded to calculate the apparent resistivity. However, as the distance between the receiver and the transmitter increases, the electromagnetic signal weakens considerably. Moreover, as the location of the transmitter is fixed, the location of the far-field region also is fixed, which limits the exploration range. In this study, a novel phased-array transmitting source was proposed to overcome this limitation. In traditional CSAMT, a grounded single-dipole long-line source is used to transmit the electromagnetic wave. This source has a low gain and no directionality, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the area of interest (AoI). Conversely, by using a phased-array source, beam control and stable directional radiation will be achieved so that the electromagnetic energy should be capable of effectively focusing within the AoI. Without increasing the transmitting power, the SNR should be conveniently enhanced and the size of the AoI can be greatly increased. In this paper, the characteristics of the radiation field of a single-dipole long-line source and its application in traditional CSAMT are analyzed. The design principle and the method of implementation of a novel phased-array source are provided. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed source are verified by simulations and experiments, and a prototype is realized.
Numerical study ofin situacoustic emission monitoring for small-scale hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Zhan Tingting , Chen Hao , Li Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReservoir monitoring is necessary to achieve safe hydrocarbon extraction. It requires monitoring small acoustic emission (AE) events, assisting in determining the exact location, extension and direction of potential damage as early as possible. However, microcracks cannot be detected by the microseismic monitoring networks due to the limitations of frequency range and sensitivity. In contrast, the in situ AE monitoring system extends the detection range to higher frequencies and can detect very small deformation processes with high resolution and sensitivity. It provides detailed insights into ongoing deformation processes. However, the receivers of an in situ AE monitoring system need to be very close to hydraulic fracturing experiments due to the fast decay of high-frequency signals. In this work, by constructing four in situ AE monitoring models, the imaging effects of the interferometric imaging method for three different kHz-level frequency sources at different distances and orientations relative to the monitoring well are investigated. The numerical results show that: the higher the source frequency, the higher the imaging resolution; when the vertical orientation coverage of the source by the monitoring system is incomplete, the closer the source to the borehole axis, the worse the imaging resolution and location accuracy; when the vertical orientation coverage of the source by the monitoring system is complete, the imaging resolution and location accuracy are both improved, especially when the vertical azimuthal coverage angle is large. The integrity of the orientation coverage of the source by the monitoring system plays a critical role in improving source location accuracy.
A comparison of $A\! -\! \phi $ formulae for three-dimensional geo-electromagnetic induction problems
Authors: Zhou Feng , Chen Huang , Tang Jingtian , Zhang Zhiyong , Yuan Yuan , Wu Qihong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Geo-electromagnetic forward modeling problems are ill-posed due to the low signal frequencies being used and electrically insulating air space. To overcome this numerical issue, the $A - \phi $ formula using the magnetic vector potentials ($\bf A$) and electric scalar potentials ($\phi $) was developed. At present, there are two sets of $A - \phi $ formulae being used: one has a curl–curl ($\nabla \times \nabla $) structure and another one has a Laplace (${\nabla ^2}$) structure where the Coulomb gauge is enforced. The question as to which of the two approaches have superior performance for 3D geo-electromagnetic induction problems still remains open. In this study, we systemically compared the performances of these two $A - \phi $ systems in terms of both numerical accuracy and convergence rate. Numerical experiments suggest that for both magnetotelluric and controlled-source electromagnetic problems, the $A - \phi $ system with Laplace structure has better performance than the variant with curl–curl structure in terms of convergence rates.
Elastic characteristics of fault damage zones within superdeep carbonates in Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Jian Shikai , Fu Li-Yun , Liao Zonghu , Deng Wubing , Du Qizhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuperdeep fault-karst carbonate reservoirs discovered over 7 km deep are controlled by strike-slip fault zones and karst collapses in Tarim Basin, Northwest China. The resulting fracture-cave system provides favorable migration channels and reservoir spaces for hydrocarbon, while the characterization of the internal fault structures remains enigmatic. Based on seismic imaging data, we conducted an integrated study on fault damage zones by seismic curvature attributes, velocity anisotropies, and seismic attenuations. The results show that three typical fault-zone patterns can be identified in the study area, including paratactic multiple fault cores, interactive fault cores and one primary-several subsidiary fault cores. These typical patterns can be clearly characterized via curvature attributes. The elastic characteristics of fault damage zones are significantly affected by seismic frequencies, which are manifested from velocity anisotropies and seismic attenuations. The maximum seismic attenuation occurs along with the orientation of fault cores. There is a strong anisotropic characteristic of P-wave phase velocity with incident angle of three fault-zone models. It appears that seismic attributes associated with geological steering are an effective tool for the subsurface characterization of fault damage zones.
De-aliased high-resolution Radon transform based on the sparse prior information from the convolutional neural network
Authors: Feng Luyu , Xue Yaru , Chen Chong , Guo Mengjun , Shen Hewei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe resolution of Radon transform is crucial in seismic data interpolation. The high-frequency components usually suffer from serious aliasing problems while the sampling is insufficient. Constraining high-frequency components with unaliased low-frequency components is an effective method for improving the resolution of seismic data. However, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution low-frequency Radon coefficients by traditional analytical methods due to the strong correlation of basis functions. For this problem, a sparse inversion method using the neural network is proposed. First, the convolution model is deduced between the conjugated Radon solution and its ground truth. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN), with the conjugate Radon solution as input, is designed to realize the deconvolution from the conjugate solution to the sparse and high-resolution Radon solution. Finally, the obtained sparse solution is regarded as prior knowledge of the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm. The proposed strategy has a distinct advantage in improving the resolution of low-frequency components, which helps overcome the aliasing. Interpolation experiments on synthetic and field data demonstrate the de-aliased performance of this CNN-based method.