bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Skin Flaps for Single-Stage Reconstruction of the Nasal Ala Using All-Layer Suture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kofler Katrin , Häfner Hans-Martin , Eckardt Julia , Scheu Alexander , Ulmer Anja , Schulz Claudia , Kofler Lukas 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives After local flaps, it may be necessary to reconstruct the contour of the nasal ala. This is possible with a single-stage all-layer shaping suture. In the present study, the functional and aesthetic results after single-stage reconstruction of the nasal ala were prospectively evaluated. Patients and methods Patients who underwent surgery for skin tumors of the nose between 06/2019 and 06/2020 who required reconstruction of the nasal ala as part of the defect closure and had an all-layer suture used were prospectively included in the study. A standardized evaluation of aesthetic and functional outcome was conducted by the patient and a physician at discharge as well as 4 weeks later. Patients additionally underwent a follow-up survey 6 months later. Results Thirty-seven patients were included in the study. Four weeks postoperatively, all flaps were found to be fully healed and vital. Aesthetic outcome at 4 weeks was rated as very good or good by physicians in 73% and by patients in 78.4%. Persistent complications due to reduced blood flow were not observed. Conclusion The reshaping of the nasal ala as part of the defect reconstruction with an all-layer suture demonstrates very good aesthetic as well as functional results and can be performed in a single-stage procedure.
Variations in policies for accessing elective musculoskeletal procedures in the English National Health Service: A documentary analysis
Authors: Rooshenas Leila , Ijaz Sharea , Richards Alison , Realpe Alba , Savovic Jelena , Jones Tim , Hollingworth William , L Donovan Jenny 
Published: May 2022

Objective The overall aim of this study was to investigate how commissioning policies for accessing clinical procedures compare in the context of the English National Health Service. Our primary objective was to compare policy wording and categorise any variations identified. Our secondary objective was to explore how any points of variation relate to national guidance. Methods This study entailed documentary analysis of commissioning policies that stipulated criteria for accessing eight elective musculoskeletal procedures. For each procedure, we retrieved policies held by regions with higher and lower rates of clinical activity relative to the national average. Policies were subjected to content and thematic analysis, using constant comparison techniques . Matrices and descriptive reports were used to compare themes across policies for each procedure and derive categories of variation that arose across two or more procedures. National guidance relating to each procedure were identified and scrutinised, to explore whether these provided context for explaining the policy variations. Results Thirty-five policy documents held by 14 geographic regions were included in the analysis. Policies either focused on a single procedure/treatment or covered several procedures/treatments in an all-encompassing document. All policies stipulated criteria that needed to be fulfilled prior to accessing treatment, but there were inconsistences in the evidence cited. Policies varied in recurring ways, with respect to specification of non-surgical treatments and management, requirements around time spent using non-surgical approaches, diagnostic requirements, requirements around symptom severity and disease progression, and use of language, in the form of terms and phrases (‘threshold modifiers’) which could open up or restrict access to care. National guidance was identified for seven of the procedures, but this guidance did not specify criteria for accessing the procedures in question, making direct comparisons with regional policies difficult. Conclusions This, to our knowledge, is the first study to identify recurring ways in which policies for accessing treatment can vary within a single-payer system with universal coverage. The findings raise questions around whether formulation of commissioning policies should receive more central support to promote greater consistency – especially where evidence is uncertain, variable or lacking.
Health risks among long-term immigrants in Norway with poor Norwegian language proficiency
Authors: Kjøllesdal Marte K.R. , Gerwing Jennifer , Indseth Thor 
Published: May 2022

Background: Poor health among immigrants has been associated with longer duration of residence in the host country, poor host language proficiency and low education. However, the interplay among these factors is under-studied. Objective: To assess health among immigrants in Norway by combinations of duration of residence, Norwegian language proficiency and education. Methods: In 2015/2016 Statistics Norway carried out two cross-sectional Living Conditions Surveys in the general adult population ( N=5703, response rate 59%) and among immigrants from 12 countries, with ⩾2 years of residence ( N=3993, response rate 54%). Health outcomes (poor self-reported health, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, mental health problems, back/neck pain) were assessed with logistic regressions according to combinations of duration of residence, Norwegian language proficiency and education. Results: Negative health conditions were more common among immigrants than in the general population, and varied by duration of residence, proficiency in the Norwegian language and education. In age- and sex-adjusted regressions, immigrants had higher odds of all negative health conditions, except hypertension, regardless of their duration of residence, proficiency of the Norwegian language and educational level. Immigrants with a long duration of residence and poor proficiency in the Norwegian language had the highest odds of negative health conditions. Conclusions: Special attention is warranted towards health among immigrants who have lived in Norway the longest without acquiring good Norwegian language proficiency.
Damage detection on the blade of an operating wind turbine via a single vibration sensor and statistical time series methods: Exploring the performance limits of robust methods
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Andeas , Dmitri Tcherniak , Spilios Fassois D 
Published: May 2022

The study aims at damage detection on the blade of an operating Vestas V27 wind turbine via a single vibration response sensor under varying Environmental and Operating Conditions (EOCs), and through this, at exploring the performance limits of robust vibration-based Statistical Time Series type methods. Three trailing edge progressive, 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm long, damage scenarios are examined using signals from a 104-day-long measurement campaign. The study is based on three robust methods: an Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis AutoRegressive model–based (U-PCA-AR) method, an Unsupervised Multiple Model AutoRegressive model–based (U-MM-AR) method, and an Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis Multiple Model AutoRegressive model–based (U-PCA-MM-AR) method. Comparisons with a nominal Unsupervised AutoRegressive model–based (U-AR) method and an 8-sensor–based method are also reported. The results of the study are based on a systematic and thorough assessment procedure using 7000 inspection experiments and confirm that single-sensor-based detection is indeed feasible via the aforementioned robust methods, with the best performance achieved by the U-PCA-MM-AR method which reaches up to 100% True Positive Rate at 4%, 1%, and 0% False Positive Rate for the 15, 30, and 45 cm damage scenarios, respectively. This performance is on par with that of the 8-sensor–based method and indicative of the high capabilities offered by the robust vibration-based Statistical Time Series type methods. The sensitivity of the methods with respect to the sensor location and the AutoRegressive model order is also examined.
Preface: Women of Color and Leadership
Authors: Sims Cynthia M. , Carter Angela D. 
Published: May 2022

Problem As the United States continues to advance to become a majority minority workplace, there is a need to support the development and career progression of women of color. Most leadership research on women is based on the prototypical White man and woman leader with the assumption those findings are applicable to all people and women. However, it is likely that women of color, due to their intersectional identities of race or country of origin, gender, and socio-economic class, differ from those of White men and women as their unique intersecting minoritized identities are considered to act as multipliers of disparate treatment and inequities. Solution Thus, we propose to use an intersectional framework to examine how women of color enact leadership and the human resource development (HRD) practices which promote these women’s learning, development, and career progression. Stakeholders This review benefits HRD scholars and practitioners who study the leadership.
Factors That Support Sustainability of Health Systems Change to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care Clinics: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study
Authors: Schlueter Dara , DeGroff Amy , Soloe Cindy , Arena Laura , Melillo Stephanie , Tangka Florence , Hoover Sonja , Subramanian Sujha 
Published: May 2022

Background From 2015 to 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) supported 30 awardees in partnering with primary care clinics to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) and supporting activities (SAs) to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This study identified factors that facilitated early implementation and sustainability within partner clinics. Methods We conducted longitudinal qualitative case studies of four CRCCP awardees and four of their partner clinics. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to frame understanding of factors related to implementation and sustainability. A total of 41 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key staff and stakeholders exploring implementation practices and facilitators to sustainability. Qualitative thematic analysis of interview transcripts identified emerging themes across awardees and clinics. Results Qualitative themes related to six CFIR inner setting constructs—structural characteristics, readiness for implementation, networks and communication, culture, and implementation climate—were identified. Themes related to early implementation included conducting readiness assessments to tailor implementation, providing moderate funding to clinics, identifying clinic champions, and coordinating EBIs and SAs with existing clinic practices. Themes related to sustainability included the importance of ongoing electronic health record (EHR) support, clinic leadership support, team-based care, and EBI and SA integration with clinic policies, workflows, and procedures. Implications Findings help to inform future scale-up of and decision-making within CRC screening programs and other chronic disease prevention programs implementing EBIs and SAs within primary care clinics and also highlight factors that maximize sustainability within these programs.
Effect of industrial waste fly ash on the drilling characteristics of banana fiber residue reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kannan Gokul , Thangaraju Rajasekaran 
Published: May 2022

Natural fiber reinforced composites are becoming popular in various industrial and commercial applications as structural components. Unlike conventional materials, machining of fiber composites is critical due to its heterogeneous structure. Hence, it is necessary to understand the machining behaviour of fiber reinforced composites. Hybrid composites reinforced with banana fiber and fly ash filler in polyester matrix were fabricated and then evaluated for drilling performance. Drilling experiments were performed using the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. The influence of feed rate (A), cutting speed (B) and filler content (C) on thrust force, surface roughness, and delamination factor entry and exit were using Taguchi and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. The results revealed that (i) Minimum thrust for attained at filler content (A) 1 vol %, speed (B) 3000 r/min, and feed (C) 100 mm/min, (ii) Minimum surface roughness at filler content A (3 vol %), speed B (2000 r/min), and feed rate C (100 mm/min) and (iii) Minimum peel up and push out delamination at filler content (A) as, 5vol %, speed (B) 2000 r/min, and feed (C) 100 mm/min. This study provides machining insights on agro-industrial waste based polymer composites for structural applications.
Endovascular treatment of distal internal carotid artery aneurysms and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms with the Willis covered stent: A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Wu Yu , Yu Jia , Zhang Tao , Deng Jian-Ping , Zhao Zhenwei 
Published: May 2022

Background More data is needed on the short- and medium-term efficacy and safety of the Willis covered stent in treating distal internal carotid artery (DICA) aneurysms and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs). Methods Records of all 42 patients with DICA aneurysms or VADAs treated with the Willis covered stents at our institute between July 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively examined. The patients’ demographic information, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment procedure, immediate and follow-up clinical and angiographic outcomes were extracted. Results 46 Willis covered stents were successfully implanted in all of the 42 patients (total 43 aneurysms). Immediate complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 37 patients (38 aneurysms) (88.4%), and endoleak occurred to 5 patients (5 aneurysms) (11.6%). 2 patients died post-operatively from procedure-related complications, another one died from reasons unrelated to the procedure. Among the remaining 39 patients, non-lethal complications occurred in 4 patients including ptosis and diplopia of the right eye, intra-operative hemorrhage and carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF). Angiographic and clinical follow-ups (means ± standard deviation: 8.8 ± 5.3 months) were done for 32 patients (33 aneurysms). Complete occlusion was maintained in all of the 33 aneurysms. 2 of the 32 patients had significant though asymptomatic parent artery (PA) occlusion. No ischemic or hemorrhagic event occurred during the follow-up period. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0 in 31 patients and 1 in the remaining 1 patient. Conclusions The Willis covered stent could be a safe and effective treatment for complex DICA aneurysms with excellent durability. In addition, the Willis covered stent treated all of the 3 cases of VADAs in the study with complete success without any complications, however, as the number of the VADA cases was small, more cases are needed to further confirm the efficacy and safety of the Willis covered stent in treating VADAs.
Lifetime sexual violence exposure in women compromises systemic innate immune mediators associated with HIV pathogenesis: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Daniels Jason , Aldous Annette , Pyra Maria , Xia Yu , Juzumaite Monika , Jais Mariel , Simmens Samuel , Murphy Kerry , Taylor Tonya N , Kassaye Seble , Benning Lorie , Cohen Mardge H , Weber Kathleen M , Ghosh Mimi 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Violence and HIV/AIDS syndemic highly prevalent among women impairs HIV prevention efforts. Prolonged exposure to violence results in physical trauma and psychological distress. Building on previous findings regarding genital immune dysregulation following sexual abuse exposure, we investigate here whether systemic changes occur as well. Methods: Using the Women’s Interagency HIV Study repository, 77 women were stratified by HIV serostatus and categorized into four subgroups: (1) no sexual abuse history and lower depression score (Control); (2) no sexual abuse history but higher depression score (Depression); (3) high sexual abuse exposure and lower depression score (Abuse); (4) high sexual abuse exposure and higher depression score (Abuse + Depression). Inflammation-associated immune biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β, MIP-3α, IP-10, MCP-1, and Cathepsin-B) and anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV biomarkers (Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, Elafin, human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), alpha-defensins 1-3, Thrombospondin, Serpin-A1, and Cystatin-C) were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Within each HIV serostatus, differences in biomarker levels between subgroups were evaluated with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction. Spearman correlations between biomarkers were assessed for each subgroup. Results: Compared to the Control and Depression groups, Abuse + Depression was associated with significantly higher levels of chemokines MIP-3α and IP-10 (p < 0.01) and lower levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p < 0.01) in the HIV-uninfected population. Human beta-defensin-2 was lowest in the Abuse + Depression group (p < 0.05 versus Depression). By contrast, among HIV-infected, Abuse and Abuse + Depression were associated with lower levels of MIP-3α (p < 0.05 versus Control) and IP-10 (p < 0.05, Abuse versus Control). Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was higher in both Abuse groups (p < 0.05 versus Control), while Elafin was lowest in the Abuse + Depression group (p < 0.01 versus Depression). Conclusion: We report compromised plasma immune responses that parallel previous findings in the genital mucosa, based on sexual abuse and HIV status. Systemic biomarkers may indicate trauma exposure and impact risk of HIV acquisition/transmission.
Laboratory Protocol and Pilot Results for Dynamic Interference Testing of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Pfützner Andreas , Jensch Hendrick , Cardinal Christopher , Srikanthamoorthy Geetham , Riehn Eric , Thomé Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Background: Testing the potential influence of interfering substances on the measurement performance of needle sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a challenging task. For proper function, the sensors need an almost stable fluidic environment. Previously published in vitro interference experiments were measuring under static concentration conditons. Our experimental setup allows for interference testing with dynamic changes of the interferent concentrations. Methods: We designed a macrofluidic test stand that is fueled by several high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps generating programmable glucose and/or interferent gradients in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After optimizing experimental parameters (channel dimensions, temperature, flow rates, gradient slopes, buffer, pH etc.), we validated the setup using Dexcom G6 (G6) and Freestyle Libre 2 (L2) sensors with/without interferents, and using YSI 2300 Stat plus as the reference glucose device at room temperature. Results: Both sensors tracked the programmed glucose changes. After calibration, G6 results closely matched glucose reference readings, while L2 routinely showed ~50% to 60% lower readings, most likely because of the factory-based calibration and temperature compensation. Gradients of maltose, acetaminophen, and xylose were employed to further validate the setup. As expected, both sensors were not affected by maltose. We confirmed previous findings regarding susceptibility of G6 readings to acetaminophen and L2 readings to xylose. Signals from both sensors are influenced by temperature in a linear fashion. Conclusions: Our experimental in vitro setup and protocol may provide a useful method to dynamically test CGM sensors for interfering substances. This may help to improve the accuracy of future CGM sensor generations.
Biopsychosocial Model Domains in Clinical Practice Guidelines for Return to Sport After ACL Injury: Systematic Review Using the AGREE II Checklist
Authors: de Queiroz Jeffeson Hildo Medeiros , Murakawa Yanka Aparecida Bandeira , de Castro Shamyr Sulyvan , Almeida Gabriel Peixoto Leão , de Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro 
Published: May 2022

Context: The current status of return-to-sport (RTS) criteria can be understood from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), which emphasizes an individual-centered approach and inclusion of all domains of human functioning, and ensures the multifactorial and biopsychosocial nature of decision-making. Objective: To analyze the inclusion of biopsychosocial model domains in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for RTS after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, as well as the quality of these CPGs. Study Design: Systematic review of CPGs. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Search Strategy: Two independent reviewers developed the search strategy, and a third reviewer corrected and compiled the developed strategies used. Data Sources: Ovid/Medline, Embase, and PEDro without restriction dates. Study Selection: CPGs for RTS after ACL injury at any age or sport level, and published in English. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers codified the RTS criteria recommended in the CPGs according to the ICF domains, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II Checklist) was used for critical appraisal. Results: A total of 715 records were identified, and 7 CPGs were included. Frequency distribution of the biopsychosocial model domains was as follows: body functions (37.77%), activity and participation (20.00%), body structure (13.33%), environmental factors (11.11%), and personal factors (8.88%). In the AGREE II Checklist, the lowest mean domain scores were for rigor of development (37.86 ± 36.35) and applicability (49.29 ± 22.30), and 71.42% were of low or moderate quality. Conclusion: The CPGs cannot address the biopsychosocial model domains satisfactorily and some do not address all the ICF conceptual model components, emphasizing body functions and activity and participation domains. Therefore, the functioning model advocated by the World Health Organization has not yet been adequately incorporated into the recommendations for RTS after ACL injury. Moreover, most CPGs are of limited quality.