bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prior knowledge-informed traceable Neutral Network modeling only using regular laboratory results to assist early diagnosis for tuberculosis
Authors: Liang Yu-fang , Zheng Hua-rong , Huang Da-wei , Nai Jing , Wang Yan , An Xu , Luo Yi-fei , Chen Chao , Cui Wei-qun , Wang Qing-tao , Zhou Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground To construct a knowledge-informed traceable artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to assist early diagnosis for tuberculosis (TB). Methods 60729 cases were extracted from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, in Beijing Hepingli Hospital. Only using routine laboratory results, five AI-based algorithms were evaluated by accuracy (ACC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity (SPE) and sensitivity(SEN). A Neutral Network (NN) algorithm combined with clinical prior knowledge was designed. SHAP algorithm together with means of metrology was used to improve model explanation. Results For disease screening, our NN model overall performed better (AUC = 0.9913) than the other algorithm models. When differentiating TB with healthy control (HC), the AUC, ACC, SPE and SEN were 0.9759, 0.9348, 0.9389 and 0.9124 respectively. The AUC was 0.8035 for distinguishing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with other pulmonary diseases (OPD), The AUC was 0.7761 in the identification of TB in different parts. The average iteration epochs of the NN model prior-knowledge introduced was only 87.7, while the NN model without prior-knowledge was 190.7. SHAP algorithm together with the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in metrology not only illustrated the relationship of the mortality risk and each test item, but quantitatively the bias and variance of model and data source separately. Conclusions A knowledge-informed AI-based model only based on regular laboratory results offers a more convenient, effective, and highly accurate early diagnosis tool for TB. The ACC of our model was firstly quantitative evaluated through national reference data set traceable to National Institute of Metrology, China.
Developing a Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Cervical Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Multiplex Immunofluorescence
Authors: Wu Jiangchun , Guo Qinhao , Zhu Jun , Wu Yong , Wang Simin , Liang Siyuan , Ju Xingzhu , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Most traditional procedures can destroy tissue natural structure, and the information on spatial distribution and temporal distribution of immune milieu in situ would be lost. We aimed to explore the potential mechanism of pelvic lymph node (pLN) metastasis of cervical cancer (CC) by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and construct a nomogram for preoperative prediction of pLN metastasis in patients with CC.
Methods
Patients (180 IB1-IIA2 CC patients of 2009 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)) were divided into two groups based on pLN status. Tissue microarray (TMA) was prepared and tumor-infiltrating immune markers were assessed by mIF. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and nomogram were used to develop the predicting model.
Results
Multivariable logistic regression analysis constructs a predictive model and the area under the curve (AUC) can reach 0.843. By internal validation with the remaining 40 percent of cases, a new ROC curve has emerged and the AUC reached 0.888.
Conclusions
This study presents an immune nomogram, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the preoperative individualized prediction of LN metastasis in patients with CC.
Effect of Social Stressors and Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) on Cancer Beliefs: Analysis of a Cancer Center Catchment Area
Authors: Ali Ayesha S , Smith Alexandria , Shimada Ayako , Smith Brittany C , Hines Kamryn , Leader Amy E. , Simone Nicole L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Although the U.S. cancer death rate has declined significantly over three decades, health disparities continue to exist. Factors such as the environment in which our patients work, live, and play, also known as social determinants of health (SDoH), may play a role. Adverse SDoH are associated with increased cancer risk factors and negative health outcomes. Determining how SDoH may be linked to cancer beliefs could inform future interventions to decrease health disparities.
Methods: Data from a population-level survey of an NCI-designated cancer center’s catchment area was used to calculate adverse SDoH scores ranging from 0 to 9 for 859 survey respondents. Spearman's correlation coefficients quantified the relationship between the SDoH score and six cancer belief items.
Results: The majority of participants were less than 41 years old (60.4%), female (68.1%), and white (67%). The median SDoH score was 2, indicating the number of adverse SDoHs. Those with higher SDoH scores were more likely to agree that they would not like to know their cancer risk (p<0.001), that cancer is a death sentence (p<0.001) and there isn’t much you can do to lower your cancer risk (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Adverse SDoHs may play a role in cancer beliefs and may influence patients’ willingness to engage in risk prevention behaviors or in their clinical care if diagnosed with cancer. Educational efforts to alter cancer beliefs can target those with increased adverse SDOH. Screening for and intervening on SDoH may increase cancer screening rates and clinical trial participation.
PHF6 maintains acute myeloid leukemia via regulating NF-kB signaling pathway
Authors: Yuan Weiping , Hou Shuaibing , Wang Xiaomin , Guo Tengxiao , Lan Yanjie , Yuan Shengnan , Yang Shuang , Zhao Fei , Fang Aizhong , Liu Na , Yang Wanzhu , Chu Yajing , Jiang Erlie , Cheng Tao , Sun Xiao-Jian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature and abnormally differentiated myeloid cells in bone marrow. Here with in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that the Plant homeodomain finger gene 6 (PHF6) plays an important role in apoptosis and proliferation in myeloid leukemia. Phf6 deficiency could delay the progression of RUNX1-ETO9a and MLL-AF9-induced AML in mice. PHF6 depletion inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathways by disrupting the PHF6-p50 complex and partially inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p50 to suppress the expression of BCL2. Treating PHF6 over-expressed myeloid leukemia cells with NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) significantly increased their apoptosis and decreased their proliferation. Taken together, in contrast to PHF6 as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL as reported, we found that PHF6 also plays a pro-oncogenic role in myeloid leukemia, and thus potentially to be a therapeutic target for treating myeloid leukemia patients.
Landscape Restoration and Greening in Africa
Authors: Ruijsch Jessica , Teuling Adriaan J. , Verbesselt Jan , Hutjes Ronald 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a reaction to ongoing environmental change, many small-scale land restoration projects have emerged that aim to prevent or reverse land degradation, combat climate change through carbon sequestration or improve the local climate. However, the contribution of these projects to the greening of Africa at larger scales is still unknown due to the absence of a (public) complete database of restoration projects, the lack of monitoring and the low survival rate of planted vegetation. Here, we use climate independent greening time series to detect local greening hotspots in Africa. We find that 3% of Africa experiences local greening, especially in semi-arid environments. On top of that, we show that sustainable land management, especially active revegetation, leads to significant local greening. This study, therefore provides insight in the greening potential of land restoration, which is needed for a thorough understanding of positive and negative effects of sustainable land management.
Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Impact Firms’ Capital Structure Policy? Evidence from Western European Economies
Authors: Athari Seyed Alireza , Bahreini Mahboubeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study specifically investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the travel and leisure (TL) companies’ debt holdings policy. To do so, the present study selects 92 publicly listed TL companies operating in Western Europe’s top tourist destinations, and performs both the static and dynamic panel data estimation approaches during the 2005–2019 period. The results reveal that the EPU negatively impacts TL firms’ debt holdings, implying that firms tend to decline in debt levels by rising EPU. Consequently, the results highlight that the level of EPU matters and firms’ debt ratios are relatively lower in countries having a higher EPU and vice versa. Besides, the results underscore that the EPU negatively impacts firms’ debt holdings in each sub-sector however the negative effect is most prominent on the debt ratios of the firms, particularly those operating in gambling, hotels, travel and tourism, and also recreational services sub-sectors.
JEL classification: D80, G32, L83
Arctic summer sea ice loss will accelerate in coming decades
Authors: Poltronieri Anna , Bochow Nils , Boers Niklas , Jakobsen Per Kristen , Rypdal Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The Arctic sea ice (ASI) area reaches its yearly minimum in early autumn. Satellite measurements show that September ASI area has decreased approximately linearly when considered as a function of global mean temperature (GMT). However, there is no a priori reason to expect the sensitivity to remain constant under further warming. Model projections of September ASI area remain highly uncertain and therefore need to be complemented by observation-based estimates.
Following a new approach, we show that the September ASI area is closely proportional to the area outlined by latitudes with zonally averaged January-September temperatures below a critical threshold Tc. We discover a purely geometric effect that leads to accelerating ASI loss with rising temperatures as the September ASI area crosses the outlines of the area defined by Tc.
Consistent with Arctic amplification, the zonally averaged temperatures have followed a positive linear trend relative to the global mean, which is projected to continue throughout the century. Linearly extrapolating these zonally averaged temperatures, we infer that the sensitivity of the ASI area to GMT will increase, leading to strongly accelerating melt rates and a complete loss of September ASI for global warming between 1.5 and 2.2 °C above pre-industrial GMT levels, compared to the range of 1.3 to 3.1 °C given by state-of-the-art (CMIP6) models.
For the GMT at which ASI is lost, our observation-based projections hence give estimates that are considerably lower, and have a much smaller uncertainty range, compared to model predictions.
Preoperative CA19-9 and GGT ratio as a prognostic indicator in ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Chen Rui-Qiu , Zhang Zhi-Lei , Jia Yu-Ming , Peng Li , Chen Rui-Xiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
In recent years, more and more inflammatory indicators have been studied to predict the long-term survival of patients with ampullary carcinoma (AC) after radical resection, but these prognostic indicators are still controversial. Therefore, based on previous inflammation scores, this study established a novel, easily accessible, more feasible and more predictive prognostic marker [Carbohydrate antigen199 to gamma-glutamyltransferase ratio (CA19-9/GGT)] to better assess the prognostic significance in AC patients undergoing radical resection.
METHODS:
Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by Cox regression model. Correlation between CA19-9/GGT and clinicopathological variables were analyzed by Chi-squared test, Fisher ' s exact test, independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of prognostic indexes is compared by the consistency index (C-index). The prediction accuracy of nomogram is further confirmed by calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULTS:
CA19-9/GGT was an independent risk factor affecting OS [P = 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.459, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.450–4.167] and RFS (P = 0.002, HR = 2.333, 95% CI: 1.371–3.971) in multivariate analysis. The optimal cut-off value of CA19-9/GGT was 0.14. In CA19-9/GGT correlation analysis, high risk group (> 0.14) was significantly associated with poor prognosis. The predictive performance of CA19-9/GGT (OS: C-index = 0.753, RFS: C-index = 0.745) was confirmed to be superior to other prognostic indicators according to the C-index. Compared with the simple AJCC staging system, the Nomogram prediction model (OS: C-index = 0.787, RFS: C-index = 0.795) established by the combination of CA19-9/GGT and AJCC 8th TNM staging system has higher prediction accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS:
CA19-9/GGT was an independent prognostic indicator after radical resection of AC. Incorporating CA19-9/GGT into the AJCC TNM staging system optimized the prediction accuracy of the TNM staging system, and further verified the predictive value of CA19-9/GGT.
Characterisation of IL-23 receptor antagonists and disease relevant mutants using fluorescent probes
Authors: Lay Charles , Isidro-Llobet Albert , Craggs Peter , Hill Stephen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor with the several auto-inflammatory diseases, led to the heterodimeric receptor and its cytokine-ligand IL-23, becoming important drug targets. Successful antibody-based therapies directed against the cytokine have been licenced and a new class of small peptide antagonists of the receptor have entered clinical trials. These peptide antagonists may offer therapeutic advantages over existing anti-IL-23 therapies, but little is known about their molecular pharmacology. In this study, we use a fluorescent version of IL-23 to characterise antagonists of the full-length receptor expressed by living cells using a NanoBRET competition assay. We then develop a cyclic peptide fluorescent probe, specific to the IL23p19:IL23R interface and use this molecule to characterise further receptor antagonists. Finally, we use the assays to study the immunocompromising C115Y IL23R mutation, demonstrating that the mechanism of action is a disruption of the binding epitope for IL23p19.
Muslim patients in the U.S. confronting challenges regarding end-of-life and palliative care: The experiences and roles of hospital chaplains
Authors: Klitzman Robert , Natarelli Gabrielle Di Sapia , Garbuzova Elizaveta , Sinnappan Stephanie , Al-Hashimi Jay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: Critical questions arise regarding the experiences and perceptions of Muslim patients in the U.S concerning end-of-life care, pain management and other areas. Hospital chaplains aid patients confronting challenges related to palliative and end-of-life care, but relatively little is known about how and how well chaplains meet such needs among Muslim patients.
Methods
Telephone qualitative interviews of ~ 1 hour each were conducted with 23 chaplains and analyzed.
Results
Both Muslim and non-Muslim chaplains raised issues concerning Islam among chaplains, doctors and patients, particularly challenges and misunderstandings between non-Muslim providers and Muslim patients, especially at the end-of-life, often due to a lack of knowledge of Islam, and misunderstanding and differences in perspectives. Due to broader societal Islamophobia, Muslim patients may fear or face discrimination, and thus not disclose their religion in the hospital. Confusion can arise among Muslim patients and families about what their faith permits regarding end-of-life care and pain management, and how to interpret and apply their religious beliefs in hospitals. Muslims hail from different countries, but providers may not fully grasp how these patients’ cultural practices may also vary. Chaplains can help address these challenges, playing key roles in mediating tensions and working to counteract Muslim patients’ fears, and express support. Yet many Muslim immigrants don’t know what “chaplaincy” is and/or prefer a chaplain of their own faith. Muslim chaplains can play vital roles, having expertise that can heighten trust, and educating non-Muslim colleagues, providing in-depth understanding of Islam (e.g., highlighting how Islam is related to Judaism and Christianity) and correcting misconceptions among colleagues. Hospitals without a Muslim chaplain can draw on local community imams.
Conclusions
These data highlight how mutual sets of misunderstandings, especially concerning patients’ and families’ decisions about end-of-life care and pain management, can emerge among Muslim patients and non-Muslim staff that chaplains can help mediate. Non-Muslim chaplains and providers should seek to learn more about Islam. Muslim patients and families may also benefit from enhanced education and awareness of chaplains’ availability and scope, and of pain management and end-of-life options. These data thus have several critical implications for future practice, education, and research.
Perceived social support and professional identity in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic era: The mediating effects of self-efficacy and the moderating role of anxiety
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Hui , Guo Jin-Yi , Zhou Jie , Qiao Jia , Yue Shu-Wen , Ouyang Yan-Qiong , Redding Sharon R , Wang Rong , Cai Zhong-Xiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Health professionals, including nurses, experienced heavy workloads and significant physical and mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 19 pandemic, which may affect career choices for those considering nursing and for nursing students. The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a period of risk, but also an occasion to redeploy the PI of nursing students. However, the relationship between PSS, SE, PI and anxiety remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) has an indirect effect on professional identity (PI) through mediation of self-efficacy (SE) and whether the anxiety can moderate the relationship between perceived social support and self-efficacy in nursing students during their internship period.
Methods
An observational, national cross-sectional study was conducted following the STROBE guidelines. An online questionnaire was completed by 2,457 nursing students from 24 provinces in China during their internship during September to October 2021. Measures included Chinese translations of the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety disorder scale.
Results
Both PSS (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and SE (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with PI. The indirect effect of PSS on PI through SE was positive (β = 0.348, p < 0.001), with an effect of 72.7%. The results of the moderating effect analysis showed that anxiety attenuated the effect of PSS on SE. Moderation models indicated that anxiety has a weak negative moderating effect on the effect of PSS on SE (β = − 0.0308, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
A better PSS and higher scores in SE were associated with PI in nursing students, and a better PSS had an indirect effect on the PI of nursing students through SE. Anxiety played a negative moderating role in the relationship between PSS and SE.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of workplace violence among nurses working at China
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Ji Haoqiang , Wang Bin , Zhang Yanni , Chen Xu , Sun Meng , Yu Yingying , Duan Yuxin , Yi Yaohui , Dou Xiaofeng , Xu Jia , Wu Ruiheng , Chen Yunting , Pan Yuanping , Zhou Ling 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Workplace violence is a serious problem is an unavoidable problem including nurses, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and related factors among nurses in Liaoning Province, China.
Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 in five tertiary care hospitals in Dalian City. A total of 1082 valid questionnaires were returned. Each questionnaire included a Workplace Violence Scale and sociodemographic characteristics, and logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of workplace violence.
Results
Prevalence of total violence in the workplace is 34%.Monthly expenditures, weekly working hours, different sectors, alcohol consumption and physical activity were independent factors associated with workplace violence.
Conclusion
High prevalence of workplace illness among nurses in Liaoning Province, China. Certain measures are recommended to reduce the hazards of workplace violence.
Moral Foundations Elicit Shared and Dissociable Cortical Activation Modulated by Political Ideology
Authors: Hopp Frederic , Amir Ori , Fisher Jacob , Grafton Scott , Sinnott-Armstrong Walter , Weber René 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) holds that moral judgments are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations, but where and how they are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral judgment task of moral foundation vignettes, we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgment of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implied in emotional processing and theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation has dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, political ideology modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition, but has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT.
Numerical and Experimental Research on Shafts with Elliptical Section Formed by Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Li junling , Weicheng Chu , Pengni Feng , Baoyu Wang , Ping Chen , Shuang Fang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Blade is one of the significant important parts of aero-engine, and its manufacturing technology directly affects the preparation level and development speed of aero-engine. In view of the many problems existing in the current blade preforming process, this paper proposes a potential way to prepare blade preforms by using the cross wedge rolling (CWR). Furthermore, considering the shape characteristics of the blade, the blade preform with elliptical section formed by CWR was thoroughly investigated. The roll’s profile curve is of significant importance to forming quality, and its equation was was deduced based on the plane meshing principle between the roll and the rolling piece and verified by finite element (FE) analysisi and CWR experiments on self-made platform. Meanwhile, The accuracy of the established FE model was quantitatively tested and used to study the forming limit expressed by eccentricity e, and the forming limit is around 0.8 (i.e. e ≤ 0.8). Based on this, a blade preform for an aero-engine compressor was design with two elliptical sections, and it was well formed by FE model which verified the feasibility, and the research results can also be extended and applied to the preform of other non-rotating parts and other materials.