bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of depressive symptoms in Parkinson disease
Authors: Uhr Lauren , Tsolaki Evangelia , Pouratian Nader 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDepression is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome prevalent in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) that remains incompletely understood. Further, the differences in biomarkers of depression in PD and in non‐PD patients are unclear. The subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) and its connections have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a tool to quantify MDD‐related structural abnormalities underlying depressive symptoms in PD. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 31 patients with PD. Depression symptom severity was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and assessed using three subscales: dysphoric mood, loss of interest/pleasure, and somatic symptoms. Probabilistic tractography methods were used to quantify the SCC connectivity to target regions in cortico‐limbic‐striatal network (ventral striatum, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and uncinate fasciculus), while fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated in predefined white matter regions of interest. DTI data were correlated with severity of depression across three domains. SCC‐mPFC connectivity in the left hemisphere was positively correlated with severity of dysphoric mood (Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p = .02). Region of interest‐based analyses demonstrated a significant and distinct topographic association between FA and dysphoric mood, loss of interest/pleasure, and somatic symptom severity, although these findings did not maintain significance after applying the false discovery rate correction. Abnormal SCC connectivity underlies depressive symptoms in both PD and MDD, suggesting that interventions used for MDD should be explored in treating depressive symptoms in PD, particularly depression dominated by dysphoric mood.
An empirical model based environmental pollution level analysis in coastal area of Gulf of Mannar using remote sensing data
Authors: Ganasigamony Wiselin Jiji , Durairaj Johnson , Athiswamy Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the statistical relations among the remote sensing data and observed water quality parameters is the necessary task to develop an estimator model. In order to estimate the exact water quality parameter distribution map of the study area from remote sensing data, this present study proposed an empirical mathematical relational and signature (EMRS) model. Through this EMRS model, an environmental pollution level analysis has been carried out for coastal area of Gulf of Mannar. EMRS highly facilitates to map the distribution of the water quality parameters. The insitu samples were involved with ICP‐OES and Physicochemical analysis and the test results were used for convergence of EMRS. The heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Cd, Hg, and physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), alkalinity, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and hardness are the experimented water quality parameters. The Landsat, Sentinal remote sensing data were used by the model to estimate the values and distribution and pollution level maps. The experimental analysis shows that the extracted element concentration using the proposed EMRS has highly correlated with the observed values based on the different measures such as R2 and root mean square error (RMSE).
Double attention based recommendation for heterogeneous information
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous graph networks show superior performance as a network that can combine information from multiple nodes. The heterogeneous graph network is introduced in the recommendation algorithm, and the HARec algorithm is proposed. HARec is the first heterogeneous network that integrates the idea of the bilayer‐attention network with the self‐attention mechanism. The algorithm embeds item neighborhoods with abundant semantic information as auxiliary information through the bilayer‐attention network, while modeling the user‐item interactive representation by fusing the feature representations of users and items through self‐attention. The proposed algorithm, HARec, can obtain better accuracy and capture more abundant information, which greatly improves the recommendation performance. The results of experiment not only demonstrate the performance of our proposed model, but also show its potentially good interpretability.
Interactive C++ code development using C++Explorer and GitHub classroom for educational purposes
Authors: Diehl Patrick , Brandt Steven R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeaching C++ programming to noncomputer science majors comes with the burden of setting up an integrated development environment, a struggle for most students. Therefore, we present the open source tool, C++Explorer, a JupyterHub deployment for interactively developing C++ code. Students can connect to the server without installing anything, and, almost instantly, they can begin to engage with code using the notebooks. Another aspect of code development is remote communication with coworkers or the community. To develop this skill, we use GitHub classroom to provide feedback on the assignments and practice remote communication. C++Explorer was used in the fall of 2019 and 2020 to teach parallel computation to mathematics students. At the end of the class, we gather students' feedback. This data will be used to continue improving the course. In addition, we present a Telegram® bot for the communication with the server using smart phones or tablets. However, this tool was not used in the course and will be explored in future teaching.
Prediction of Hepatobiliary Clearances and Hepatic Concentrations of Transported Drugs in Humans Using Rosuvastatin as a Model Drug
Authors: Storelli Flavia , Li Cindy Yanfei , Sachar Madhav , Kumar Vineet , Heyward Scott , Sáfár Zsolt , Kis Emese , Unadkat Jashvant D. 
Published: February 2022

To assess efficacy and toxicity of a drug in humans, it is important to measure the tissue concentration of a drug at the target site. For a drug that is transported into or out of the tissue, the tissue unbound steady‐state concentration can be dramatically different from its corresponding unbound steady‐state plasma concentration. Because routine measurement of drug tissue concentrations is not possible, using rosuvastatin as a model transporter substrate drug, we compared the ability of the proteomics‐informed relative expression factor (REF) approach and sandwich‐cultured human hepatocytes (SCH) to accurately predict rosuvastatin human hepatobiliary clearances and hepatic concentrations. REF‐predicted rosuvastatin biliary clearance (CLbile), estimated using BCRP‐overexpressing, MDR1‐overexpressing, and MRP2‐overexpressing vesicles, together with our previously published REF‐predicted rosuvastatin hepatic sinusoidal uptake clearance (CLuptake) and physiologically scaled sinusoidal passive uptake and efflux clearance (CLs,efflux), were used to predict rosuvastatin hepatic concentrations. For SCH, the estimated rosuvastatin CLbile, CLuptake, and CLs,efflux were scaled using physiological scaling. The REF‐predicted CLbile (6.39 ± 1.56 mL/minute) and hepatic rosuvastatin area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) fell within our a priori defined success criterion, i.e., within twofold of the observed positron emission tomography–imaged values. In contrast, as expected, SCH dramatically overpredicted (predicted/observed ratio P/O = 8.38–10.41) rosuvastatin CLbile, and underpredicted hepatic AUC (P/O = 0.08–0.14). For both approaches, predictions were improved by using the parallel tube model vs. well‐stirred model. Overall, using rosuvastatin as a model drug, this study demonstrates the success of the REF approach in predicting in vivo CLbile and hepatic concentration of drugs, and highlights the shortcomings of the SCH approach in making such predictions.
A case of cooperative breeding in the European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris
Authors: Nichols Hazel J. , Arbuckle Kevin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCooperative breeding, where individuals other than the parents help to raise offspring, occurs in only ~9% of bird species. Although many starlings (Sturnidae) are cooperative breeders, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) has rarely been observed exhibiting this behavior. Only two other records exist, one of which was limited to a juvenile giving food to chicks that had already been collected by a parent (and hence providing limited help). Herein, we report a case of cooperative breeding by a juvenile European starling, which represents the second with any evidence of the juvenile collecting food independently and the first to document the extent of such help in the form of feeding rates. Over a period of at least 3 days, a juvenile starling assisted two parents to feed their second brood of the year, and it fed the chicks at the same rate as the adults (~3.5 feeds per hour). In considering potential explanations for this behavior, we conducted an ancestral state estimation of cooperative breeding across starlings and were able to eliminate the possibility that this is a rarely expressed behavior inherited from cooperatively breeding ancestors. Instead, we propose that our observations point to a behavioral innovation, which may be in response to environmental change such as climate change (which has previously been associated with cooperative breeding). Researchers working on birds should be alert to such behavior to determine whether this apparently new breeding strategy will increase as a potential adaptation to environmental change.
Titmice are a better indicator of bird density in Northern European than in Western European forests
Authors: Kajanus Mira H. , Forsman Jukka T. , Vollstädt Maximilian G. R. , Devictor Vincent , Elo Merja , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Mönkkönen Mikko , Thorson James T. , Kivelä Sami M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPopulation sizes of many birds are declining alarmingly and methods for estimating fluctuations in species’ abundances at a large spatial scale are needed. The possibility to derive indicators from the tendency of specific species to co‐occur with others has been overlooked. Here, we tested whether the abundance of resident titmice can act as a general ecological indicator of forest bird density in European forests. Titmice species are easily identifiable and have a wide distribution, which makes them potentially useful ecological indicators. Migratory birds often use information on the density of resident birds, such as titmice, as a cue for habitat selection. Thus, the density of residents may potentially affect community dynamics. We examined spatio‐temporal variation in titmouse abundance and total bird abundance, each measured as biomass, by using long‐term citizen science data on breeding forest birds in Finland and France. We analyzed the variation in observed forest bird density (excluding titmice) in relation to titmouse abundance. In Finland, forest bird density linearly increased with titmouse abundance. In France, forest bird density nonlinearly increased with titmouse abundance, the association weakening toward high titmouse abundance. We then analyzed whether the abundance (measured as biomass) of random species sets could predict forest bird density better than titmouse abundance. Random species sets outperformed titmice as an indicator of forest bird density only in 4.4% and 24.2% of the random draws, in Finland and France, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that titmice could act as an indicator of bird density in Northern European forest bird communities, encouraging the use of titmice observations by even less‐experienced observers in citizen science monitoring of general forest bird density.
Offshore platforms as novel ecosystems: A case study from Australia’s Northwest Shelf
Authors: van Elden Sean , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe decommissioning of offshore oil and gas platforms typically involves removing some or all of the associated infrastructure and the consequent destruction of the associated marine ecosystem that has developed over decades. There is increasing evidence of the important ecological role played by offshore platforms. Concepts such as novel ecosystems allow stakeholders to consider the ecological role played by each platform in the decommissioning process. This study focused on the Wandoo field in Northwest Australia as a case study for the application of the novel ecosystem concept to the decommissioning of offshore platforms. Stereo‐baited remote underwater video systems were used to assess the habitat composition and fish communities at Wandoo, as well as two control sites: a sandy one that resembled the Wandoo site pre‐installation, and one characterized by a natural reef as a control for natural hard substrate and vertical relief. We found denser macrobenthos habitat at the Wandoo site than at either of the control sites, which we attributed to the exclusion of seabed trawling around the Wandoo infrastructure. We also found that the demersal and pelagic taxonomic assemblages at Wandoo more closely resemble those at a natural reef than those which would likely have been present pre‐installation, but these assemblages are still unique in a regional context. The demersal assemblage is characterized by reef‐associated species with higher diversity than those at the sand control and natural reef control sites, with the pelagic community characterized by species associated with oil platforms in other regions. These findings suggest that a novel ecosystem has emerged in the Wandoo field. It is likely that many of the novel qualities of this ecosystem would be lost under decommissioning scenarios that involve partial or complete removal. This study provides an example for classifying offshore platforms as novel ecosystems.
Lessons from the diet: Captivity and sex shape the gut microbiota in an oviparous lizard (Calotes versicolor)
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yang Fang , Li Tangliang , Dayananda Buddhi , Lin Longhui , Lin Chixian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies have indicated that the abundance and community structure of gut microbiota are altered by diet. In this study, next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon was performed to evaluate variations in the gut microbiota of wild and captive individuals of both sexes of Calotes versicolor. The results showed that there was a significant sex difference in microbial community structure for wild C. versicolor, Bacteroide was the dominant genus in wild females (WF), whereas Ochrobactrum was the dominant genus in wild males (WM). Acinetobacter and Hymenobacter were the dominant genera in WF, while Clostridium was the dominant genus in captive females (CF). The results indicated that differences in diet between wild and captive C. versicolor also resulted in variations in gut microbiota. Thus, it was not surprising that captivity and sex shape the gut microbiota in C. versicolor. In summary, the fundamental information presented about the gut microbiota of both sexes of wild (and captive females) C. versicolor, indicates that the artificial environments are not suitable for the wild C. versicolor.
Simulated trapping and trawling exert similar selection on fish morphology
Authors: Thambithurai Davide , Rácz Anita , Lindström Jan , Parsons Kevin J. , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommercial fishery harvest can influence the evolution of wild fish populations. Our knowledge of selection on morphology is however limited, with most previous studies focusing on body size, age, and maturation. Within species, variation in morphology can influence locomotor ability, possibly making some individuals more vulnerable to capture by fishing gears. Additionally, selection on morphology has the potential to influence other foraging, behavioral, and life‐history related traits. Here we carried out simulated fishing using two types of gears: a trawl (an active gear) and a trap (a passive gear), to assess morphological trait‐based selection in relation to capture vulnerability. Using geometric morphometrics, we assessed differences in shape between high and low vulnerability fish, showing that high vulnerability individuals display shallower body shapes regardless of gear type. For trawling, low vulnerability fish displayed morphological characteristics that may be associated with higher burst‐swimming, including a larger caudal region and narrower head, similar to evolutionary responses seen in fish populations responding to natural predation. Taken together, these results suggest that divergent selection can lead to phenotypic differences in harvested fish populations.
A reexamination of theoretical arguments that indirect selection on mate preference is likely to be weaker than direct selection
Authors: Fry James D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFemale preference for male ornaments or displays can evolve by indirect selection resulting from genetic benefits of mate choices, or by direct selection resulting from nongenetic benefits or selection on sensory systems occurring in other contexts. In an influential paper, Kirkpatrick and Barton used a good-genes model and evolutionary rates estimated from the fossil record to conclude that indirect selection on preference is likely to be weak compared to typical strengths of direct selection. More recent authors have extrapolated from Kirkpatrick and Barton's conclusions to suggest that the presence of preference-trait genetic correlations in equations for indirect but not direct selection gives a purely theoretical basis to the conclusion that the former is likely to be weaker than the latter. Here, I challenge these views, and argue that the relative importance of direct and indirect selection on preference is an empirical issue that defies simple generalizations. First, I show that Kirkpatrick and Barton based their conclusion on a questionable claim about typical rates of evolution due to direct selection. Second, I argue that claiming that direct selection on preference is stronger than indirect selection because only equations for the latter contain a genetic correlation mistakes the mathematical simplicity with which direct selection is usually represented for evidence regarding its magnitude. By comparing a simple equation for the selection response of preference caused by somatic (“direct”) benefits to Kirkpatrick and Barton's result for the response to indirect selection, I show that indirect selection on preference is not inherently weaker than direct selection. I also point out an important but overlooked reason why selection on preference under the sensory bias hypothesis can be expected to be less effective in the long run than that from either somatic or genetic benefits of mate choices.
“If You Build It…”: Methodological Approaches to Detect Postrestoration Responses in Stream Fishes
Authors: Polivka Carlos M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Habitat restoration to recover fish populations takes place worldwide, yet studies of its efficacy are fraught with challenges. One difficulty comes from studies of fish responses that are too focused on whether abundance has increased in the restored habitat, limiting the methodology to observational data of fish density. However, many other tools are available for evaluation of restoration. I review a set of conceptually based methods that colleagues and I used to assess restoration efficacy in a model river system to show the strength of considering alternative approaches. Although it was relatively easy to determine that fish are attracted to instream restoration structures (engineered log jams), spatial and temporal variability in the results requires approaches that more closely examine the distinction between increases in density and increases in habitat capacity. Furthermore, I show that efficacy research should be augmented with consideration of behavior, the spatial scale of the post-restoration studies, the response of life history traits (e.g., growth), and the applicability of habitat selection theory. These detailed studies often, but not always, identify benefits of restoration that go beyond simple observations of fish abundance. They are therefore methods that are worth considering by researchers involved in postrestoration fish monitoring.
Sodium in relation with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Shojaei‐Zarghani Sara , Safarpour Ali Reza , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Keshtkar Abbasali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFindings on the association of sodium with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are conflicting. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis study aimed to assess the association between salt or sodium intake or serum sodium levels and NAFLD risk. Relevant articles were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Proquest, and Embase databases through May 1, 2021, without language restriction. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using Der‐Simonian and Laird method and random‐effects meta‐analysis. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the GRADE method. Out of 6470 documents, 7 epidemiological/observational (1 cohort, 1 case–control, and 5 cross‐sectional) studies on the relationship between dietary salt/sodium intakes and NAFLD risk met our inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis of all studies showed a significant positive association between the highest salt/sodium intake and NALFD risk (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19–2.15) with a meaningful heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 96.70%, p‐value <.001). The NAFLD risk was greater in the studies with higher quality (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24–2.65) or using the equation‐based methods for NAFLD ascertainment (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.29–3.17) or urinary sodium collection as a sodium intake assessment (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.52–4.06). The overall certainty of the evidence was very low. In conclusion, high sodium intake seems to be related to increased NAFLD risk. Further well‐designed studies are needed to clarify this association and shed light on the underlying mechanisms.