bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia in patients with mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Lin Taiping , Shu Xiaoyu , Song Quhong , Dai Miao , Zhao Yanli , Huang Li , Tu Xiangping , Yue Jirong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and/or function in the context of aging. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used critical care technologies in critically ill patients. The prevalence of preexisting sarcopenia and the clinical impact of its prognostic value on patients with MV are unclear. This review sought to identify the prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia on MV patient health outcomes.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library and were searched for all articles published as of December 2021. The prevalence of sarcopenia was determined using the authors' definitions from the original studies. Comparisons were made between patients who did and did not have sarcopenia for prognostic outcomes, including mortality, the number of days of MV, the length of intensive care unit stay, and the length of hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for pooled analyses of the relationships between sarcopenia and prognostic outcomes.

Results
The initial search identified 1333 studies, 17 of which met the eligibility criteria for the quantitative analysis, including 3582 patients. The pooled prevalence was 43.0% (95% CI 34.0–51.0%; I2 = 96.7%). The pooled analyses showed that sarcopenia was related to increased mortality (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.70, 2.67; I2 = 45.0%), longer duration of MV (MD = 1.22; 95% CI 0.39, 2.05; I2 = 97.0%), longer days of ICU stay (MD = 1.31; 95% CI 0.43, 2.19; I2 = 97.0%), and hospital stay (MD 2.73; 95% CI 0.58, 4.88; I2 = 98.0%) in patients with MV.

Conclusion
The prevalence of sarcopenia is relatively high in patients with MV, and it will have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients. However, further, large-scale, high-quality prospective cohort studies are required.
RNA modification mapping with JACUSA2
Authors: Piechotta Michael , Naarmann-de Vries Isabel S. , Wang Qi , Altmüller Janine , Dieterich Christoph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral high-throughput antibody-free methods for RNA modification detection from sequencing data have been developed. We present JACUSA2 as a versatile software solution and comprehensive analysis framework for RNA modification detection assays that are based on either the Illumina or Nanopore platform. Importantly, JACUSA2 can integrate information from multiple experiments, such as replicates and different conditions, and different library types, such as first- or second-strand cDNA libraries. We demonstrate its utility, showing analysis workflows for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and pseudouridine (Ψ) detection on Illumina and Nanopore sequencing data sets. Our software and its R helper package are available as open source solutions.
Increased frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells and its association with the renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Zhi-Ying , Gong Yan , You Ran , Ming-Hui  , Zhao  , Chen Min 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
B cells have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) by the identification of activated B cells in granulomatous lesions and the efficacy of B cell depletion in treatment of AAV patients in the current study; we aimed to investigate the frequency of a specific B cell subset, IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells in AAV patients, and its association with the disease severity of AAV.

Methods
Blood samples of patients with AAV in active stage and in remission were collected. The frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells was detected by flow cytometry, and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.

Results
Our results showed a significant increase of circulating IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells in AAV patients in active stage compared with patients in remission and healthy donors, and the frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells correlated with the severity of renal involvement, including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and percentages of total crescents in renal biopsies.

Conclusions
The results indicated that IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells could reflect disease severity of renal involvement in AAV.
Automatically search an optimal face detector for a specific deployment environment
Authors: Luo Jiapeng , Wang Zhongfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFace detection plays an important role in many artificial intelligence applications, such as identity recognition, facial expression recognition, and gender/age recognition. Recently, the development of deep learning techniques has greatly improved face detection’s performance. However, it is still ineffective and time-consuming to manually design hyperparameters of face detectors for different deployment environments with diverse distributions. Besides, due to the limited computation capability, many previous networks are hard to meet the latency requirements in deployment environments, and the improved resolution of current cameras further increases the computation burden. Motivated by the above problems, we propose a searching framework aiming to automatically search a real-time face detector architecture with a fixed complexity constraint, to adapt a specific deployment environment. We model the whole searching space into two parts, including the hyperparameters of the network and the detector. Instead of only searching the network structure, the proposed method considers the whole model’s hyperparameters space which contains the preprocessing and postprocessing parameters. The evolutionary algorithm is employed to find the optimal solution, and new evolutionary operations are proposed to explore architecture space. During the whole searching procedure, we guarantee the computation cost is under the restrictions. The advantages of the proposed framework are that it considers a hard computation cost constraint and the preprocessing and postprocessing hyperparameters, leading to a fully automatic design style and global optimization. Finally, we evaluate the proposed model on the most popular Widerface and FDDB datasets. The proposed detector significantly surpasses the existing lightweight face detectors in the comprehensive performances, and the average latency is twice as shorter as the best competitor.
COVID-19 vaccines in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort on safety data and risk factors associated with unvaccinated status
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Zhang Chenxi , Zhao Shuang , Sheng Zike , Xiang Xiaogang , Li Ruokun , Qian Zhuping , Wang Yinling , Chen Bin , Li Ziqiang , Liu Yuhan , An Baoyan , Zhou Huijuan , Cai Wei , Wang Hui , Gui Honglian , Xin Haiguang , Xie Qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Safety data reported from the large-scale clinical trials of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine are extremely limited in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The vaccination campaign in this specific population could be difficult due to uncertainty about the adverse events following vaccination. We aimed to assessed the COVID-19 vaccination rate, factors associated with unvaccinated status, and the adverse events following vaccination in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods
This is a retrospective study from Ruijin Hospial (Shanghai, China) on an ongoing prospective cohort designed for long-term survival analysis of decompensated cirrhotic patients who recovered from decompensating events or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) between 2016 and 2018. We assessed the COVID-19 vaccination rate, the number of doses, type of vaccine, safety data, patient-reported reasons for remaining unvaccinated, factors associated with unvaccinated status, and the adverse events of COVID-19 vaccine. Binary logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with unvaccinated status.

Results
A total of 229 patients with decompensated cirrhosis without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection participated (mean age, 56 ± 12.2 years, 75% male, 65% viral-related cirrhosis). Mode of decompensation were grade II‒III ascites (82.5%), gastroesophageal varices bleeding (7.9%), hepatic encephalopathy (7.9%). Eighty-five participants (37.1%) received at least one dose of vaccination (1 dose: n = 1, 2 doses: n = 65, 3 doses: n = 19) while 62.9% remained unvaccinated. Patient-reported reasons for remaining unvaccinated were mainly fear of adverse events (37.5%) and lack of positive advice from healthcare providers (52.1%). The experience of hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 5.61, 95% CI: 1.24–25.4) or ACLF (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.12–8.69) and post-liver transplantation status (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.06–5.76) were risk factors of remaining unvaccinated independent of residential areas. The safety analysis demonstrated that 75.3% had no adverse events, 23.6% had non-severe reactions (20% injection-site pain, 1.2% fatigue, 2.4% rash) and 1.2% had a severe event (development of acute decompensation requiring hospitalization).

Conclusions
Patients with decompensated cirrhosis in eastern China are largely remained at unvaccinated status, particularly those with previous episodes of ACLF or hepatic encephalopathy and liver transplantation recipients. Vaccination against COVID-19 in this population is safe.

Graphical Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in multiple myeloma cells under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Okabe Seiichi , Tanaka Yuko , Gotoh Akihiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been dramatically changed by the introduction of new agents; however, many patients relapse. Hypoxia is a critical component of the bone-marrow microenvironment. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) is responsible for maintaining cellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which regulates glycolysis. We found that the gene expressions of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 were elevated under hypoxic conditions. Treatments with the PFKFB3 inhibitor, PFK158, and PFKFB4 inhibitor, 5MPN, were found to inhibit the growth of myeloma cells. The combined treatment of myeloma cells with carfilzomib and PFK158 or 5MPN was more cytotoxic than either drug alone. Caspase 3/7 activity and cellular cytotoxicity were also increased. In addition, the combined treatment was effective in the bortezomib-resistant cell line. Our data also suggest that administration of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 inhibitors may be a powerful strategy against myeloma cells and to enhance the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors in hypoxic conditions.
Leaf rolling and leaf angle improve fog capturing and transport in wheat; adaptation for drought stress in an arid climate
Authors: Merrium Sabah , Ali Zulfiqar , Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Hakeem Sadia , Khalid Muhammad Arslan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlants use different mechanisms to transport the collected fog water. Leaf traits of wheat play an important role in directing fog water through leaf rolling and leaf angle into the root zone, where it can be stored for consumption. Wheat leaf traits can enhance fog capturing under drought stress. To examine this, 200 wheat genotypes were characterized for leaf rolling and leaf angle under optimal conditions in the field using a randomized complete block design. Seven different phenotypic combinations for leaf traits were observed. A core set of 44 genotypes was evaluated under drought stress.ResultsResults show that variability for leaf traits existed among genotypes. An association was found between leaf rolling and leaf angle, moisture capturing, physiological parameters, and yield contributing traits using correlation. Physiological parameters, especially water use efficiency, were positively correlated with grain yield and moisture capturing at both growth stages. The genotypes (G11 at tillering and G24 at booting phonological phases) with inward to twisting type rolling and erect to semi-erect leaf angle capture more water (12–20%) within the root zone. Twenty-one genotypes were selected based on moisture capturing efficiency and evaluated for leaf surface wettability. Association was found between fog capturing and wettability. This shows that it was due to the leaf repellency validated from static contact angle measurements.ConclusionThese results will give insights into fog capturing and the development of drought-tolerant crops in the semi-arid and arid regions.
Determination of some heavy metals from aqueous solutions using modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin by selective solid-phase extraction
Authors: Kocaoba Sevgi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions on m-phenylenediamine-modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin was investigated. The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, initial metal concentration, eluent type and volume and flow rate on the retention of the metal ions have been studied on column studies. The optimum parameters were determined as pH 5, concentration 10 mg/L, stirring time 30 min and 0.2 g adsorbent amount and flow rate 2.5 mL/min for a quantitative adsorption. Sorption data were interpreted in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and both models were found to be fully appropriate. Each column can be used up to 10 sequential analyses without considerable change. The results indicate high metal adsorption capacity and satisfactory recovery of Pb(II) and Cd(II).
‘Getting involved in research’: a co-created, co-delivered and co-analysed course for those with lived experience of health and social care services
Authors: Blair Carolyn , Best Paul , Burns Patricia , Campbell Anne , Davidson Gavin , Duffy Joe , Johnston Anne , Kelly Berni , Killick Campbell , Dermott Denise Mac , Maddock Alan , McCartan Claire Jane , McFadden Paula , McGlade Anne , Montgomery Lorna , Patton Sonia , Schubotz Dirk , Taylor Brian , Templeton Fiona , Webb Paul , White Chris , Yap Jade 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground‘Getting Involved in Research’ was co-created and delivered by a multi-organisational group to provide an accessible introduction to research for those with lived experience of health and social care services.MethodThe evaluation of participants’ perceptions adopted an exploratory mixed method research design and aimed to gather data to provide an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experience of ‘Getting Involved in Research’ through the co-researchers’ analysis of qualitative data using Participatory Theme Elicitation (PTE). PTE was used with the qualitative data to promote co-analysis by the course development group; analyses from an independent academic was also used to further validate the method of PTE.ResultsThirty-five participants in total participated in ‘Getting Involved in Research’. Age ranges varied from 19 to 73 years old. Participants were predominately female (n = 24), five males participated (n = 5) and there was one participant who identified as non-binary (n = 1). Six core themes were identified using the PTE approach: (1) A Meaningful Participatory Approach (2) Increasing the Confidence of Participants (3) Interactive Online Format (4) An Ambient Learning Environment (5) A Desire for Future Courses (6) A Balance of Course Content and Discussion. Participants in ‘Getting Involved in Research’ reported that the content of the training was applicable, relevant, fostered awareness of research methods and anticipated that it would support their involvement in research.Conclusion‘Getting Involved in Research’ has contributed innovatively to the evidence base for how to engage with and motivate those who have experience of health and social care to become actively involved in research. This study demonstrates that ‘Getting Involved in Research’ may be helpful to train those with lived experience and their care partners however, further research following up on the application of the course learning would be required to ascertain effectiveness.Future directionsFuture research should explore methods to apply research skills in practice to further develop participants’ confidence in using the skills gained through ‘Getting Involved in Research’.
A new five-level inverter with reduced leakage current for photovoltaic system applications
Authors: Hosseinkhani Vahid , Sarvi Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA general growth is being seen in the use of renewable energy resources, and photovoltaic cells are becoming increasingly popular for converting green renewable solar energy into electricity. Since the voltage produced by photovoltaic cells is DC, an inverter is required to connect them to the grid with or without transformers. Transformerless inverters are often used for their low cost and low power loss, and light weight. However, these inverters suffer from leakage current in the system, a challenge that needs to be addressed. In this paper, a topology with two alternative connection models is presented to stabilize the common mode voltage and reduce the leakage current. The output voltage characteristic of the proposed inverter is five-level, which reduces the harmonic distortion in the output current compared to the two- and three-level inverters. The operation modes and output of the proposed topology are described and analyzed. The structures of the proposed inverter are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and are compared with some well-known structures. Results show that the proposed structure with both connection models effectively reduces leakage current and improves grid current THD.
Detection of an undescended parathyroid adenoma with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Booij J. , Nijhuis E. W. P. , ’t Hof K. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurgical excision of a parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is the only curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The transition from routine bilateral neck exploration to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has been made possible by preoperative location techniques, including molecular imaging. Here, we present a case of a 76-year-old man with PHP who underwent a [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT scan, which showed a rare undescended PTA at the level of the right carotid bifurcation. After a successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, a PTA was confirmed, and the parathyroid hormone level normalized within 24 h. We conclude that it is relevant to locate preoperatively a PTA accurately to assist the surgeon to perform a successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
Potential biocontrol and plant growth promotion of an endophytic bacteria isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis seeds
Authors: Wang Lanmeng , Xi Na , Lang Duoyong , Zhou Li , Zhang Yajuan , Zhang Xinhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndophytic bacteria have been demonstrated to be one of the most potentially important biocontrol agents for their efficiently improved plant growth and protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens.ResultsNine strains of endophytic bacteria isolated fromGlycyrrhiza uralensisFisch. (G. uralensis) seeds were screened for the inhibitory effect against 5 fungal phytopathogens by using dual culture method. Among which, the isolate FT2showed the highest percentage of inhibition to all the test fungal phytopathogens. Detached root assay showed that FT2significantly reduced disease index and rotted area onAngelica sinensisroot slices caused byFusarium acuminatum. FT2also exhibited multiple plant growth promotion traits by qualitative analytical method. Based on phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characterization and genotypic characterization, the FT2strain was identified asStenotrophomonas rhizophila. Application of strain FT2reduced the disease index ofCucumber FusariumWilt, and the biocontrol effect was equal to chemical fungicide, carbendazim. Moreover, strain FT2increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh weight of cucumber seedlings and the activities of the defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. In addition, strain FT2could promote seed germination and seedling growth ofG. uralensisand increase enzyme activities, available nutrient contents and bacterial count inG. uralensisrhizosphere soil.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that the strain FT2could be used to develop environmentally friendly microbial products to improve the activity against pathogenic and promote plant growth.
The effectiveness of different irrigation strategies with laser activation on the bond strength of MTA as root end filling material: in vitro study
Authors: Mostafa Nada Omar , Kabel Nihal Refaat , Masoud Muhammad Abbass 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare the push out bond strength of MTA apical plug in a simulated immature root, after using different irrigation protocols; NaOCl + 20% Etidronic acid (HEBP) and NaOCl + 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without diode laser activation.

Methods
Twenty-eight extracted single straight rooted permanent human teeth were selected. The root lengths were standardized (15 mm) by decronation of all samples. Instrumentation was done using the ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona), the canals were flushed with 1 mL NaOCL after each instrument. Then, the apical 3 mm was cut perpendicular to the root’s long axis and the canals were prepared till file 90( master file) using the balanced force technique to simulate immature teeth. Samples were divided into four experimental groups (n = 7) in accordance with the irrigation protocol; G1 (NaOCl + HEBP), G2 (NaOCl + EDTA) both G1 and G2 were activated with diode laser, while G3 (NaOCl + HEBP) and G4 (NaOCl + EDTA) were activated with manual agitation. Canals were filled with a 5-mm MTA (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply Tulsa Dental) apical plug. Each root was transversely sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to have a 3 mm ± 0.1sections in thickness from the root apical portion. A push-out test was performed, and the failure pattern was assessed. Push out bond strength values were analyzed with student t test for compared pairs. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the effect of each variable (chelating agent with/without laser activation).

Result
Effect of diode laser activation in G1 and G2 showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the push out bond strength values of MTA, while in manual activated groups (G3 and G4), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) where G4 recorded higher push out bond strength mean values than G3.

Conclusions
The diode laser activation when used with NaOCL and HEBP increased the effect of HEBP as chelating agent and improved the push out strength values of MTA, rendering it an alternative mild chelating agent in comparison with the EDTA.