bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tube thoracostomy for trauma at Counties Manukau District Health Board, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Coomarasamy Christin , Henshall Kevin , MacCormick Andrew D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTube thoracostomy (TT) in trauma is lifesaving. A previous audit at Counties Manukau District Health Board (CMDHB), New Zealand, showed a 22% complication rate for trauma TT. Subsequently CMDHB introduced a procedural guideline to reduce complications. The Health and Disability Commission published a report concerning oversights in TT removal. This led us to evaluate complications, documentation and procedural monitoring to identify ways to improve patient safety.MethodA 30‐month retrospective audit of patients presenting to CMDHB, with injuries which may require TT. Those who had a TT in situ, did not require a TT or whose presentation was not secondary to trauma were excluded.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three TTs were performed in one hundred and fifteen patients. About 87% had injuries secondary to blunt mechanism. Penetrating injuries were more likely to require TT (P = 0.015). Non‐accidental injuries were more likely to need TT (P = 0.025). The complication rate was 25.2%. TT prior to imaging had a 31% complication rate (P < 0.03). About 23% had no TT insertion note. 40% had no TT removal note. About 9% TT insertions had no tertiary information to identify the proceduralist and a complication rate of 46%. About 22% of insertions and 4% of removals documented consent. About 2% of insertions documented anticoagulation status. Interventional radiology had the best documentation of data points assessed (P < 0.0001). Post‐procedural monitoring recommendations were documented in 1% insertions and 11% removals.ConclusionsThe complication rate has not reduced despite introduction of a guideline. Procedural documentation and monitoring were inadequate, potentially impacting patient safety.
Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the smelt Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856)
Authors: Kondrashev Sergei , Pushchin Igor , Gatilova Svetlana , Kamenev Yaroslav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study deals with the topography of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) and spatial resolution in the smelt Hypomesus japonicus. The eyes and retinae were examined by light microscopy and computerized tomography. DAPI labelling was used to visualize cell nuclei in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. Two zones of increased GC density in the nasal and temporal retina were bridged by a horizontal streak with the GC density ranging from 5600 to 8000 cells/mm2. The maximum cell density (area retinae temporalis) ranged from 9492 to 14,112 cells/mm2, and the total number of GCs varied from 286 x 103 to 326 x 103 cells in three individuals. The theoretical anatomical spatial resolution (the anatomical estimate of the upper limit of visual acuity) was minimum in the ventral periphery (smaller fish, 1.43 cpd; larger fish, 1.37 cpd) and maximum in area retinae temporalis (smaller fish, 2.83 cpd; larger fish, 2.41 cpd). The relatively high density of GCs and presence of the horizontal streak and area retinae temporalis in the H. japonicus are consistent with its highly visual behaviour. The present findings contribute to better understanding of the factors affecting the topography of retinal ganglion cells and mechanisms of visual adaptation in fish.
Estimating Tree-Based Dynamic Treatment Regimes Using Observational Data with Restricted Treatment Sequences
Authors: Zhou Nina , Wang Lu , Almirall Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is a sequence of decision rules that provide guidance on how to treat individuals based on their static and time-varying status. Existing observational data are often used to generate hypotheses about effective DTRs. A common challenge with observational data, however, is the need for analysts to consider “restrictions” on the treatment sequences. Such restrictions may be necessary for settings where (1) one or more treatment sequences that were offered to individuals when the data were collected are no longer considered viable in practice, (2) specific treatment sequences are no longer available, or (3) the scientific focus of the analysis concerns a specific type of treatment sequences (eg, “stepped-up” treatments). To address this challenge, we propose a restricted tree–based reinforcement learning (RT-RL) method that searches for an interpretable DTR with the maximum expected outcome, given a (set of) user-specified restriction(s), which specifies treatment options (at each stage) that ought not to be considered as part of the estimated tree-based DTR. In simulations, we evaluate the performance of RT-RL versus the standard approach of ignoring the partial data for individuals not following the (set of) restriction(s). The method is illustrated using an observational data set to estimate a two-stage stepped-up DTR for guiding the level of care placement for adolescents with substance use disorder.
Job‐related well‐being of sexual minorities: Evidence from the British workplace employment relations study
Authors: Wang Jing , Wicks David , Zhang Chris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the increasingly liberal views toward sexual orientation and the evolution of legal rights worldwide, sexual minorities have been an understudied demographic group, especially in mainstream management scholarship. Using a national representative employer and employee linked survey, this study examines the relationship between sexual minority identity and job‐related well‐being. Multi‐level regression analysis reveals that bisexual employees have higher levels of anxiety and depression at work than their heterosexual counterparts. The difference is greater in industries that are not friendly to sexual minorities. When bisexual employees believe their managers are trustworthy and supportive, that difference disappears. No differences are found in well‐being between lesbians, gay men and their heterosexual counterparts. This study provides initial evidence on the effect of sexual minority identity on job‐related well‐being. It also sheds light on the different workplace outcomes between bisexual employees, lesbian women and gay men.
Structural controls on the pathways and sedimentary architecture of submarine channels: New constraints from the Niger Delta
Authors: Pizzi Marco , Whittaker Alexander C. , Mayall Mike , Lonergan Lidia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn submarine settings, the growth of structurally influenced topography can play a decisive role in controlling the routing of sediments from shelf‐edge to deep water, and can determine depositional architectures and sediment characteristics. Here we use well‐constrained examples from the deep water Niger Delta, where gravity‐driven deformation has resulted in the development of a large fold and thrust belt, to illustrate how spatial and temporal variations in the rate of deformation have controlled the nature and locus of contrasting depositional styles. Published work in the study area using 3D seismic data has quantified the growth history of the thrust‐related folds at multiple locations using line‐length‐balancing, enabling cumulative strain for individual structures over time and along‐strike to be obtained. We integrate this information with seismic interpretation and facies analysis, focusing on the interval of maximum deformation (15 to 3.7 Ma), where maximum strain rates reached 7%/Ma. Within this interval, we observe a vertical change in depositional architecture where: (1) leveed‐confined and linear channels pass upward in to (2) ponded lobes with erosionally confined channels and finally (3) channelised sheets. Our analysis demonstrate that this change is tectonically induced and diachronous across the fault array, and we characterise the extent to which structural growth controls both the distribution and the architecture of the turbidite deposits in such settings. In particular, we show that leveed‐confined channels exist when they can exploit strain minima between growing faults or at their lateral tips. Conversely, as a result of fault linkage and increased strain rates submarine channels become erosional and may be forced to cross folds at their strain maxima (crests), where their pathways are influenced by across‐strike variations in shortening for individual structures. Our results enable us to propose new conceptual models of submarine channel deposition in structurally complex margins, and provide new insights into the magnitude of fault interaction needed to alter depositional style from leveed to erosionally confined channels, or to deflect seabed systems around growing structures.
An insight into therapeutic efficacy of heterocycles as histone‐modifying enzyme inhibitors that targets cancer epigenetic pathways
Authors: Basha N. Jeelan , Basavarajaiah S. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHistone‐modifying enzymes are the key regulators involved in the post‐translational modification of histone and non‐histone. These enzymes are responsible for the epigenetic control of cellular functions. However, deregulation of the activity of these enzymes results in uncontrolled disorders such as cancer and inflammatory and neurological diseases. The study includes histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases, methyl transferases, demethylases, DNA methyl transferases, and their potent inhibitors which are in a clinical trial and used as medicinal drugs. The present review covers the heterocycles as target‐specific inhibitors of histone‐modifying enzyme, more specifically histone acetyltransferases. This review also confers more recent reports on heterocycles as potential HAT inhibitors covered from 2016 to 2022 and future perspectives of these heterocycles in epigenetic therapy.
A cross‐sectional study on fatigue, anxiety, and symptoms of depression and their relation with medical status in adult patients with Marfan syndrome. Psychological consequences in Marfan syndrome
Authors: van Andel Mitzi M. , Graaumans Kim , Groenink Maarten , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , van Kimmenade Roland R. J. , Scholte Arthur J. H. A. , van den Berg Maarten P. , Dickinson Michael G. , Knoop Hans , Bosch Jos A. , Mulder Barbara J. M. , de Waard Vivian , Bennebroek Evertsz' Floor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal system, which may be accompanied by psychological features. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fatigue, anxiety, and symptoms of depression in MFS patients, and to assess the degree to which sociodemographic and clinical variables are associated with fatigue and psychological aspects. The prevalence of fatigue, anxiety, and symptoms of depression were assessed in two cohorts of MFS patients and compared with healthy controls. The checklist individual strength (CIS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaires were utilized. Medical status was assessed (family history of MFS, aortic root dilatation >40 mm, previous aortic surgery, aortic dissection, chronic pain, skeletal involvement, and scoliosis). Severe fatigue was experienced by 37% of the total MFS cohort (n = 155). MFS patients scored significantly higher on the CIS questionnaire, concerning severe fatigue, as compared with the general Dutch population (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in HADS anxiety or depression scores. In older MFS patients, with a more severe cardiovascular phenotype, chronic pain, and a higher unemployment rate, significantly more symptoms of depression were observed, when compared with the general population (p = 0.027) or compared with younger MFS patients (p = 0.026). Multivariate analysis, showed that anxiety was associated with chronic pain (p = 0.022) and symptoms of depression with unemployment (p = 0.024). MFS patients report significantly more severe fatigue as compared with the general population. Since the cause of fatigue is unclear, more research may be needed. Psychological intervention, for example, cognitive behavioral therapy, may contribute to a reduction in psychological symptoms.
School teachers' perceptions of the bystanders' role in school bullying: A study in the Finnish context
Authors: Triantafyllou Aikaterini 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt school, teachers routinely evaluate and intervene in bullying incidents. To develop effective prevention plans and strategies and better tackle bullying, it is important to analyse the teachers' views. This small‐scale qualitative study draws from teacher expertise to explore the bystander role. The perceptions of 10 teachers were investigated through semi‐structured interviews. Using a phenomenological approach, the study revealed that students change roles during or even after the incident or in other incidents. Teachers noted that educating outsiders to become defenders in bullying situations is impossible without adequate parental involvement. In light of these findings, ideas for future intervention and prevention plans are presented.
Assessment of the predictive value of carotid color Doppler ultrasound Crouse score combined with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in elderly diabetics with cerebral infarction
Authors: Wu Yuee , Xin Xin , Guo Ainan , Dan Haijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth the carotid Crouse score and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels are commonly used to evaluate atherosclerosis and vascular inflammatory response. This study was to investigate the correlation between the Crouse score and hs‐CRP and cerebral infarction (CI) in elderly diabetics.MethodsWe compared the carotid Crouse scores and hs‐CRP levels between two groups of diabetic patients with and without CIs (n = 100 each) and the relationship between changes in these indices and CI.ResultsBetween the four groups (control, diabetic with a large CI, diabetic with a small CI, and diabetic with a lacunar CI) there was a significant difference in the age, sex, Crouse scores and hs‐CRP levels, as well as fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis with CI as the dependent variable showed that the age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.114, 95% confidence interval [CFI]: 1.063–1.167, p = 0.000), FBG (OR = 1.260, 95% CFI: 1.102–1.570, p = 0.039), HbA1c (OR = 2.036, 95% CFI: 1.348–3.703, p = 0.001), Crouse score (OR = 2.721, 95% CFI: 1.800–4.114, p = 0.000) and hs‐CRP level (OR = 3.364, 95% CFI: 2.185–5.180, p = 0.000) were risk factors for a CI in combination with diabetes mellitus. Significant differences were found in age, diastolic blood pressure, Crouse scores and hs‐CRP levels between the male diabetic‐non‐CI subgroup, female diabetic‐non‐CI subgroup, male diabetic‐CI subgroup and female diabetic‐CI subgroup (All p < 0.05).ConclusionThe carotid Crouse score method has high reliability and reflects the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. The age, sex, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, Crouse score, an elevated hs‐CRP level, and the occurrence of CI in elderly with diabetes mellitus are closely related.
Foreign lobbying through domestic subsidiaries
Authors: Lee Jieun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow much of lobbying activities disclosed under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) actually represent foreign clients? What are their interests? By identifying the global ultimate owners of all corporate clients filing with the LDA, I find that majority‐owned subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) account for nearly 20% of corporate lobbying spending in 2015–2016. This amount is comparable to the entire foreign lobbying spending reported under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA). Domestic subsidiaries of foreign MNCs are also found to lobby more frequently and spend more lobbying than American multinationals, after controlling for firm size, industry, and PAC contributions. These subsidiaries actively lobby on issue areas that clearly benefit their foreign parents. The findings suggest that foreign MNCs may actively influence U.S. policies through their domestic subsidiaries, and that the FARA captures only part of foreign lobbying in the United States.
Effects of climate change on forest plantation productivity in Chile
Authors: Carrasco Gonzalo , Almeida Auro C. , Falvey Mark , Olmedo Guillermo Federico , Taylor Peter , Santibañez Fernando , Coops Nicholas C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForest plantations in Chile occupy more than 2.2 million ha and are responsible for 2.1% of the GDP of the country's economy. The ability to accurately predictions of plantations productivity under current and future climate has an impact can enhance on forest management and industrial wood production. The use of process‐based models to predict forest growth has been instrumental in improving the understanding and quantifying the effects of climate variability, climate change, and the impact of atmospheric CO2 concentration and management practices on forest growth. This study uses the 3‐PG model to predict future forest productivity Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata. The study integrates climate data from global circulation models used in CMIP5 for scenarios RCP26 and RCP85, digital soil maps for physical and chemical variables. Temporal and spatial tree growth inventories were used to compare with the 3‐PG predictions. The results indicated that forest productivity is predicted to potentially increase stand volume (SV) over the next 50 years by 26% and 24% for the RCP26 scenario and between 73% and 62% for the RCP85 scenario for E. globulus and P. radiata, respectively. The predicted increases can be explained by a combination of higher level of atmospheric CO2, air temperatures closer to optimum than current, and increases in tree water use efficiency. If the effect of CO2 is not considered, the predicted differences of SV for 2070 are 16% and 14% for the RCP26 scenario and 22% and 14% for RCP85 for the two species. While shifts in climate and increasing CO2 are likely to benefit promote higher productivity, other factors such as lack insufficient availability of soil nutrients, events such as increasing frequency and duration of droughts, longer periods of extreme temperatures, competing vegetation, and occurrence of new pests and diseases may compromise these potential gains.
Forest structure and composition alleviate human thermal stress
Authors: Gillerot Loïc , Landuyt Dries , Oh Rachel , Chow Winston , Haluza Daniela , Ponette Quentin , Jactel Hervé , Bruelheide Helge , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , De Frenne Pieter , Muys Bart , Verheyen Kris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent climate change aggravates human health hazards posed by heat stress. Forests can locally mitigate this by acting as strong thermal buffers, yet potential mediation by forest ecological characteristics remains underexplored. We report over 14 months of hourly microclimate data from 131 forest plots across four European countries and compare these to open‐field controls using physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) to reflect human thermal perception. Forests slightly tempered cold extremes, but the strongest buffering occurred under very hot conditions (PET >35°C), where forests reduced strong to extreme heat stress day occurrence by 84.1%. Mature forests cooled the microclimate by 12.1 to 14.5°C PET under, respectively, strong and extreme heat stress conditions. Even young plantations reduced those conditions by 10°C PET. Forest structure strongly modulated the buffering capacity, which was enhanced by increasing stand density, canopy height and canopy closure. Tree species composition had a more modest yet significant influence: that is, strongly shade‐casting, small‐leaved evergreen species amplified cooling. Tree diversity had little direct influences, though indirect effects through stand structure remain possible. Forests in general, both young and mature, are thus strong thermal stress reducers, but their cooling potential can be even further amplified, given targeted (urban) forest management that considers these new insights.
Utility of SARC‐F in daycare facilities for older people
Authors: Kera Takeshi , Saida Kosuke , Higuchi Daisuke , Shinohara Tomoyuki , Onozawa Hiroshi , Kawai Hisashi , Obuchi Shuichi 
Published: September 2022

AimSARC‐F, a sarcopenia screening tool, has limited use but may be beneficial for detecting sarcopenia in frail older people. This study aimed to clarify the validity of the SARC‐F questionnaire in older people.MethodsIn this validation study, 74 (36 men; age, 81.9 ± 6.7 years, 38 women; age, 83 ± 6.2 years) community‐dwelling older people who attended a daycare facility participated in our study. Participants completed the SARC‐F and SARC‐calf circumference (SARC‐CalF) questionnaires, and their body composition, walk speed and grip strength were measured. Sarcopenia was determined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, and the participants were divided into non‐sarcopenia and sarcopenia groups. SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF scores were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for sarcopenia considering the area under the curve. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia, defined by physical characteristics, was 60.0% in men and 48.1% in women. The area under the curve of the SARC‐F for sarcopenia was 0.703 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.585–0.821, P = 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, and the internal consistency was high. SARC‐F had lower sensitivity (0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.64) but higher specificity (0.78; 95% CI: 0.60–0.89) than the sensitivity and specificity of SARC‐CalF, respectively, and the sensitivity of SARC‐F was higher than that reported in previous studies.ConclusionThe SARC‐F questionnaire is more sensitive in assessing sarcopenia in low‐functioning populations and can be used as a screening tool for sarcopenia in long‐term daycare facilities for older people rather than in community‐based healthcare activities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 889–893.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on the expression of tight junction proteins in the gastric epithelium in relation to gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Choi SooIn , Kim Nayoung , Park Ji Hyun , Nam Ryoung Hee , Song Chin‐Hee , Lee Hye Seung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTight junction proteins (TJPs) play a role in epithelial defense mechanisms. However, the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) on TJPs remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TJPs in relation to Hp infection and eradication in gastric carcinogenesis.MethodsIn total, 510 subjects (284 controls and 226 gastric cancer [GC] patients) were prospectively enrolled in the study. The expression of claudin‐1 and ‐2 (CLDN‐1, ‐2), occludin (OCLN), and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) was measured based on their Hp infection status in normal corpus mucosa and evaluated following Hp eradication using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsThe expression of TJP1 in Hp+ controls was significantly lower than that in Hp− controls (p = 0.006), whereas it was higher in Hp+ than in Hp− GC patients (p = 0.001). Moreover, the increased expression of TJP1 in Hp+ GC patients was reduced to levels in Hp−within a year after Hp eradication and was maintained for more than 5 years. Furthermore, IHC results for TJP1 were similar to qPCR results. In particular, the higher IHC staining intensity of TJP1 in the cytosol of GC patients (p = 0.019) decreased after Hp eradication (p = 0.040).ConclusionHp infection affects TJP expression. The high expression of TJP1 in Hp+ GC patients was restored to control levels after Hp eradication, suggesting that TJP1 plays a role in gastric carcinogenesis.