bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single-point iterative method to solve boundary value problems with quadratic nonlinearity based on second-order Fréchet derivative
Authors: Kouser Salima , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Ahmad Fayyaz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Newton method is a classical method for solving system of nonlinear equations and offers quadratic convergence. The order of convergence of the Newton method is optimal as it requires one evaluation for the system of nonlinear equations and second for the Jacobian. Many boundary value problems in nature have quadratic non-linearity and the corresponding system of nonlinear equations associated with their discrete formulation has constant second order Fréchet derivatives. We try to get benefit from this information and develop a single-point iterative method to solve such system of nonlinear equations with quadratic nonlinearity. In our proposed single-point iterative method, we perform one evaluation of system of nonlinear equations and second for Jacobian. In total, there are two functional evaluations and we do not count the evaluation of second-order Fréchet derivative as it is constant in all the iterations of the method. The convergence order (CO) of our proposed method is four. The efficiency index of our method is 4^{1∕2} = 2 which is higher than that of Newton method 2^{1∕2} = 1.4142. To quantify the functionality of our proposed algorithm, we have performed extensive numerical testing on a collection of test problems that have quadratic nonlinearity.
Saline soil reclamation by halophytes increased soil multifunctionality through modulation of soil microbial communities
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Banerjee Samiran , Hartmann Martin , Peng Bin , Elvers Rylie , Zhao Zhen-Yong , Zhou Na , Tian Chang-Yan , Lian Teng-Xiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Planting halophytes is an efficient way of remediating saline soils, but with undetermined consequences for the soil microbial communities and functioning of the soil ecosystem. Here, we investigated how halophyte-mediated reclamation influences soil microbial diversity and how changes in microbial networks may subsequently alter soil functioning during five years of phytoremediation on saline soils.Results:Phytoremediation increasedthe overall microbial diversity and enriched specific microbialgroups such asGammaproteobacteria,Chloroflexi, andGemmatimonadetes, and some known halophilic bacteria likeMarinobacterandHalomonas. In contrast, other microbial groups such asFirmicutes,Betaproteobacteria,BasidiomycotaandZygomycotadecreased in the phytoremediated soils. Network analysis showed positive associations between the taxa richness of a core network module and soil functional genes associated with nutrient cycling. The genomes clustered with taxa in modules indicated that taxa within core module had higher gene copies of essential functional genes associated with carbon, and nitrogen cycling. These taxa, includingRhodobacteraceae,Hyphomicrobiaceae,NocardioidaceaeandAcidobacteria-6, were also associated with potential nitrifying bacteria, nitrogen ﬁxers, and decomposers. In addition, the reclaimed soil supported higher taxa richness of core module, which yielded greater soil multifunctionality.Conclusions: Our work highlights microbial taxa within network module strongly correlated with soil functioning during phytoremediation. Furthermore, our study also suggests that while there was no change in the overall soil salinity level, phytoremediation increased soil multifunctionality by enhancing the microbial diversity and altering specific groups of the soil microbiome, suggesting a sign of successful reclamation.
The impact of pumpkin seeds supplementation on antenatal anemia in Amalapuram Mandal, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kumari Andugula Swapna , Veerraju Andugula , Babu Shyamaladevi , A Gouri Shankar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Anemia during pregnancy causes 40% of maternal fatalities in underdeveloped nations, according to statistics from the WHO. Pregnant women should meet the requirements for various nutrients, notably micronutrients, to ensure a better pregnancy outcome in the future. Cucurbita moschata (Pumpkin) seeds contain a variety of compounds, such as m-carboxyphenylalanine, amino butyrate, and citrulline, as well as a number of other amino acids. It has a wide veriety of biological activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory etc. However, the community's use of pumpkin seeds is still limited.
Method:The present study was aimed to assess the impact of supplementation of pumpkin seeds on anemia among antenatal mothers in relation to Demographic and obstetric variables at Amalapuram Mandal, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. In the third stage of the study, antenatal mothers' pre- and post-test scores for indicators of anaemia, pica, nail health, level of activity, heart rate, capillary refill, nutritional status, extremities, and level of hunger were compared.
Results:According to age, education, occupation, monthly income, and information source, the data demonstrates that according to three prenatal moms' consumption of pumpkin seeds in the morning, three in the afternoon, and one in the evening. The data available indicates that, of the 5 prenatal moms, 2 displayed symptoms of anaemia with respect to the length of the menstrual cycle, the volume of menstrual flow, and the method of the previous delivery. Additionally, it was discovered that three of the pregnant mothers had appropriate haemoglobin levels and three of them had inadequate levels based on their past deliveries, menstrual flow volume, and cycle length.
Coclusion: It also revealed that there is no discernible relationship between pregnant mothers in Amalapuram Mandal's diet of dry fruits and nuts and menstrual cycle length, flow volume, or method of prior birth.
Cost of Inappropriate Prescriptions for Uncomplicated Malaria in Ghana
Authors: Aryeetey Genevieve Cecilia , Nonvignon Justice , Malm Keziah , Owusu Richmond , Baabu Bright Sasu , Peprah Nana Yaw , Agyemang Samuel Agyei , Novignon Jacob , Amon Samuel , Dwomoh Duah , Aikins Moses 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

BackgroundMalaria remains a common course of morbidity in many sub-Saharan African countries. While treatment options have improved in recent times, inappropriate prescription seems conventional among providers, increasing the burden on patients and society. This study examined the cost of inappropriate prescriptions for uncomplicated malaria treatment in Ghana.MethodsThis study used retrospective data collected from January to December 2016 in 27 selected facilities, under different ownership in three regions of the country, mainly Volta, Upper East and Brong Ahafo. Stratified random sampling technique was used to extract 1,625 outpatient folders of patients diagnosed and treated for malaria. Two physicians independently reviewed patient folders according to the stated diagnoses. Malaria prescriptions were described as inappropriate when they do not adhere to the standard treatment guidelines. The economic cost was mainly treatment cost which was sourced as medication cost. Total and average costs for country were calculated using sample estimates and the total number of uncomplicated malaria cases that received inappropriate prescriptions.ResultsThe study revealed that patients received an average of two prescriptions per malaria episode. Artemether – lumefantrine (AL) was the major malaria medication (79.5%) prescribed to patients. Other medications usually antibiotics and vitamins and minerals were included in the prescription. More than 50% of prescribers did not follow the guidelines for prescribing medications to clients. By facility type, inappropriate prescription was high in the CHPS compounds (59.1%) and by ownership, government (58.3%), private (57.5%) and mission facilities (50.7%). Thus, about 55% of malaria prescriptions were evaluated as inappropriate during the review period, which translates into economic cost of approximately US$4.52 million for the entire country in 2016. The total cost (average cost) of inappropriate prescription within the study sample was estimated at US$1,088.42 (US$1.20).ConclusionInappropriate prescription for malaria is a major threat to malaria management in Ghana. It presents a huge economic burden to the health system. Training and strict enforcement of prescribers’ adherence to the standard treatment guideline is highly recommended.
Pavlova gyrans as a potential source of essential fatty acids, sterols and pigments: culture under low temperature
Authors: Almeyda María Delfina , Bilbao Paola G. Scodelaro , Puerta María Virginia Sánchez , Constenla Diana , Leonardi Patricia I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Haptophytes are emerging as sustainable sources of high-value metabolites such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The goal of this work was to isolate a native haptophyte from the southwestern Atlantic coast and to evaluate the effect of low-temperature stress on the production of PUFAs, sterols, and pigments during its cultivation. The strain was identified as Pavlova gyrans. Cultures were carried out in a photobioreactor for 10 days at 20°C (Control), lowering the culture temperature to 10°C at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (LTS). The lipid content of the biomass represented 13% of the dry weight, neutral lipids being the main lipid fraction. Under LTS, lipid production increased significantly, reaching a value of 305 mg L− 1. The same effect was observed with PUFA content, which represented 41.3% of total fatty acids. The most abundant omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) fatty acids were eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA), respectively. PUFA production under LTS reached 13.5 mg L− 1 of which 7.41 mg L− 1 corresponded to ω3 and 6.09 mg L− 1 to ω6. EPA production was 5.93 mg L− 1 while DPA production was 3.03 mg L− 1. The maximum production of phytosterols was obtained during the exponential growth phase. The most abundant phytosterol was 24-Ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, which represented ≈ 41–49% of the free sterol fraction, with a volumetric concentration of ≈ 320 µg L1. Finally, pigment production under LTS was ≈ 700 µg L− 1. These results open the way for further progress towards the commercial and profitable production of P. gyrans for food and aquaculture applications.
Comparing Remote Sensing and In Situ Analyses on assessing the Phenology of Test Wheat Plants as Means for Optimizing Data Collection in Precision Agriculture
Authors: Kebede Endalkachew Abebe , Vasileva Silviya Valentinova , Bojinov Bojin , Dengiz Orhan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the potential applications of open data source satellite images in estimating the phenology of the wheat crop on a study farm found in the village of Ovcha Mogila, Bulgaria. A Landsat-9 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were extracted from the open data sources. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to capture the spectral response of plant leaves. In addition, SpectraVue 710s Leaf Spectrometer was used to measure the spectral response of the crop at five different locations. The soil samples were collected in eight spots within the farm plot. The physicochemical properties of the soil (pH, texture, N, P2 O5, and K2 O) were analyzed in the certified laboratory of AUP. The five broadband vegetation indices (VIs) have been estimated based on the reflectance wavelength range of remote sensing tools. A linear regression analysis was used along with the coefficient of determination (R2 ), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and correlation (r) matrix for comparing the performance of the sensors. The soil analysis revealed the study farm plot is slightly alkaline with a dominant soil texture of Clay and Clay Loam. The vegetation indices (VIs) increased linearly with crop development. Significant correlations were observed for most vegetation indices of Sentinel-2, Landsat-9, and the Buteo drone, with the highest correlation for NDVI of Sentinel-2 and Buteo drone (R2 of 0.37 and RMSE of 0.06). In relative terms, the Sentinel-2 VIs correlated better with the Buteo drone vegetation indices than the Landsat-9. The Landsat-9 VIs somewhat align better with the leaf spectrometer.
Reconsideration of operative indications in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Abe Kodai , Kitago Minoru , Iwasaki Eisuke , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) has been increasing. Resection is typically indicated for PNEN, regardless of its size; however, the indications for its resection are controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment results of surgical resection of PNEN at our institute. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective, case-control study, 87 patients who underwent PNEN resection and 17 patients with PNEN who did not undergo surgical resection between 1993 and 2020 were included in this study. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed and statistically compared. Survival was also estimated for the patients in each cohort. RESULTS Seventeen patients who underwent resection (20%) had lymph node metastasis. Tumor measuring ≥ 2.0 cm in size and multiple lesions were identified as independent predictors for lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] 17.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–100.0, p = 0.001 and OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.5–52.0, p = 0.018, respectively). There was a significant difference in the survival curves depending on the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (5-year overall survival: 74.7% vs. 94.3%, p < 0.001; 5-year recurrence-free survival: 66.3% vs. 93.6%, p < 0.001). All 17 PNEN cases under observation with a median 8-mm (range: 5–23) tumor size for a median of 34 (range: 2.4–114) months showed slight morphological change with a median tumor growth rate of 0.15 mm (range: 0–3.33) per year. CONCLUSION Patients with tumor measuring ≥ 2.0 cm in size have a high probability of lymph node metastasis or recurrence, thereby requiring resection. PNEN measuring < 1.0 cm in size may be acceptable for observation.
Prevalence of Coccidiosis and Identify the Potential Risk Factors in Chicken at Mitto district Silte Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: mussa solomon musema 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Poultry industry in Ethiopia is facing a range of constraints including feed, improved breeds and diseases. Both in extensive and intensive production system, diseases pose serious economic impact due to high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis in Mitto district. The result revealed that out of 288 household collected pooled dropping samples examined, 20.5% (n=59) were positive for eimeriaoocysts. Breed based prevalence was recorded high in mixed (29.6%) and exotics (22.9%) than local chickens (12.8%) and the observed prevalence in exotic and mixed were significantly different (p<0.05)from local birds. Likewise, the prevalence noted across management systems i.e. 29.4% in semi-intensive and 16.1% in backyard were also significantly different (p<0.05). Among the six predictors considered, three of them, namely, exotic breeds flock size >10 and chicken managed in semi-intensive system were found to have the higher prevalence compared to the corresponding comparative categories. Characteristic Intestinal lesions observed in postmortem were higher (62.5%), among young and followed by adult (16.7%). The largest proportion of intestinal lesion (55.6%) was seen in exotic birds. Therefore, the present study indicates that coccidiosis is an important disease that worth attention in the study area and the growing small scale production system that use exotic breeds and their crosses must give due attention to management system in order to minimize the impact of the diseases.
In Vivo Evaluation of Pithecellobium dulce Leaves Anti-bacterial and Antihyperlipidaemic Activities
Authors: Dzinyela Raphael , Alhassan Abdul Razak , Hwarari Delight , Kuetsidzo Vincent , Abdul-Baasit Abdul-Nasir , Opoku Kwadwo Nketia , Suglo Peter , Asomaning Emmanuel Kwesi , Movahedi Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The natural origin and reduced side effects of medicinal plants have recently enhanced their popularity in both developed and developing nations.Pithecellobium dulce(P. dulce), an evergreen blooming spiky plant belonging to theFabaceaefamily, with a number of therapeutic uses.P. dulcehas medicinal qualities, such as antidiabetic, abortifacient, locomotor, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, and antioxidative ones. Unknown isP. dulce'sability to treat rats with hyperlipidaemia brought on by dexamethasone. In this article, we demonstrate how ethanolic leaf extract contains phytonutrients, has antibacterial action againstSalmonellaspecies, and has antihyperlipidemic activity against rats that have been given dexamethasone to cause hyperlipidaemia. Leaf extracts fromP. dulcecontain phytonutrients like phenols, flavonoids, and phytosterols. With increasing doses of the extract combined with the usual reference medicine atorvastatin, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased (VLDL-C). When compared to the antihyperlipidemic control, the extract was found to have dramatically enhanced HDL-C (70.78%), significantly decreased TC (47.03%), TG (47.51%), LDL-C (41.69%), and VLDL-C (48.00%). In contrast toEscherichia coli ATCC25922, which had the lowest inhibition zones, the 50mg/ml extract onSalmonella ATCC14028had the largest inhibition zone on all examined organisms.P. dulcehas demonstrated phytonutrients, antibacterial effectiveness, and antihyperlipidemic action in ethanolic leaf extract. Our research thus supports the use ofP. dulceas a potential candidate in the search for naturally occurring antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic chemicals.
Occurence of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19
Authors: Rasheed Modar Haj , Alahmadi Qusay , Shihabi Farah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Post covid pulmonary fibrosis is a seious complication that occurs in covid-19 patients where the normal lung tissue is replaced by a fibrous one due to long periods of disease. Admission into the ICU and severity of disease are most associated with development of post covid pulmonary fibrosis. We plan on investigating the most common risk factors in patients admitting to Damascus hospital
Methods
A cross sectional study involving 314 patients who were admitted to Damascus hospital in the periods between july 2020 to december 2021
Results
There was a statistically significant relationship between the severity of the disease and onset of fibrosis (p < 0.05). Regarding demographic variables such as age and sex we were unable to find any association with these factors
Conclusion
In order to prevent fibrosis in survivors, it is of utmost importance to provide clinical care especially those that have been admitted with severe manifestations or had chronic disease as they were at a risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis in the future.
Power System Flexibility Analysis for Energy Pathways in Vietnam
Authors: Tan Naomi , Harrison John , Howells Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As Vietnam increases the amount of variable renewable energy such as solar and wind in the electricity system, technical challenges regarding balancing the load and generation at all times arises. This paper models six potential energy pathways and their respective power flexibility to investigate possible issues such as curtailment and loss of load and recommendations on how best to address them. Based on the results, main insights are highlighted, with the aim of providing key stakeholders in energy policy strong modelling analysis on potential and practical energy mix alternatives over the next 20–30 years. Modelling suggests that an uptake of renewable energy will allow Vietnam to achieve its climate commitments, with hydropower as baseload, wind as intermediate load, and solar as peak load. To address variable renewable energy curtailment from wind and solar, electric vehicle charging may be incorporated into the electricity grid. Sustainable biomass may also be utilized fully to avoid use of intermittent renewable energy. This paper concludes the key findings with recommendations on achieving the optimal pathway for the development of Vietnam’s energy sector.
Analyzing Pollution Emissions and Economic Growth in Asia Through the Lens of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Authors: Ponce Brian Jason H. , Garcia Yolanda T. , Cuevas Agham C. , Carnaje Gideon P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution emissions and economic growth. This means that economic growth goes hand-in-hand with environmental pollution emissions until a turning point is reached where pollution emissions and economic growth begin to decouple. This study examined the nonlinear cointegrating relationship of pollution emissions with economic growth alongside select developmental variables to test the EKC hypothesis using a panel data sample comprising 34 Asian economies over the period 2001 to 2013. The study estimated panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models in the forms of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) models, which were tested against one another using the Hausman specification test. For robustness checks, the same procedure was applied to disaggregated panel groupings by income classifications of Asian economies. The results reveal that the EKC hypothesis holds in the total Asia sample; but not robust across the disaggregated panel groups. Interestingly, the EKC holds only among the middle-income economies and not among the low-income and high-income economies. The turning point GDP in the Asian EKC was estimated to be within the range of US$ 32,003 to US$ 38,793 per capita, confirming that only Singapore, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates were the only economies to have transitioned towards the coveted second half of the EKC, while some economies like Hong Kong and Israel are almost at the turning point. These findings support the argument that majority of the Asian economies have not yet reached the ideal phase where economic growth decouples with environmental degradation.