bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of DSSC photoanode based on TiO2 produced by caustic fusion of local ilmenite
Authors: Wijayanti S , Nursam N M , Soepriyanto S , Suhendar D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Photoanode is an essential part in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Semiconductor materials, such as TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2, are commonly used as photoanode material. In this study, DSSC photoanode was fabricated using TiO2 obtained from Bangka ilmenite concentrate by caustic fusion method followed by water leaching, acid leaching, and sol-gel reactions. The synthesized TiO2 powder has an anatase phase with a crystal size of 9.55 nm, band gap energy of 3.0 eV, spherical morphology with an average particle size of 0.53 μm, and a specific area of 138.39 m2/g. The synthesized TiO2 powder was found to have Fe impurities. The DSSC with TiO2 photoanode synthesized in this work produced current-voltage characteristics with photoconversion efficiency of 0.75%.
Full-Waveform Inversion in Time Domain by Increased Frequency Iteratively
Authors: Aparajita M J , Winardhi I S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With seismic imaging techniques using numerical solutions of seismic acoustic wave equations, full-waveform inversion in the time domain can be a tool for estimating high-resolution models from complex geological conditions. However, full-waveform inversion in the time domain has several drawbacks, namely if you determine the initials of the model that is far from the global minimum (the true model) will give a stacked result at the local minimum and to overcome this problem is to use the method of increasing the frequency iteratively. With this method, at least it will keep away the results from a local minimum and close to a global minimum. The result of using the iterative frequency increment method on the full-waveform inversion time domain produces an image that resembles the original synthetic model and produces an updated velocity value that is not too different from the true velocity value of the synthetic model.
Development of a process chain for multi-stage sheet metal forming of high-strength aluminium alloys
Authors: Günzel J , Hauß J , Gaedigk C , Bergmann J , Groche P 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high-strength aluminium alloys EN AW-6082 and -7075 are characterized by low density and high strength but also limited cold formability and pronounced springback behaviour in the ultra-high-strength T6 state. In order to exploit their lightweight design potential, temperature-supported process routes such as warm or hot forming are applied. Alternatively, there is the possibility of cold forming preconditioned semi-finished products at the expense of the initial material properties. Common to all variants are complex interrelationships due to linked plant periphery resulting from up- and downstream heat treatments. In addition, occurring heat transfers in temperature-supported process routes or strain hardening effects during cold forming lead to reduced formability. Especially for multi-stage forming processes, as they are required for complex components, the above-mentioned process routes reach their limits. The different requirements of the four single-stages (deep drawing, blanking, collar drawing and upsetting) for the production of a demonstrator geometry with adapted wall thicknesses make a new type of temperature control necessary. This paper shows that the combination of temperature-supported and multi-stage forming contributes to a significant increase in formability. The temperature-controlled forming tool used for this purpose enables an inline heating of the components during the process, so that an industrially feasible and economical overall process chain for the fabrication of the demonstrator geometry out of those alloys is convertible.
An industrial application case to predict galling in hot stamping processes
Authors: Berahmani S , Bruinekreeft L , Güner A , Venema J , Sigvant M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Severe tool wear is an unwanted phenomenon which occurs widely during hot stamping processes due to extreme process conditions like high temperatures and the absence of lubricant. Galling is a wear mechanism in the form of adhesive wear in which some material from the sheet transfers to the tooling. In a longer term, the build-up of material on the tool can damage the sheet in the form of scratches and can negatively affect the heat transfer between sheet and tool. Therefore, it is important to develop advanced models to predict and control tool wear and galling during hot stamping processes. More recently an advanced friction model for hot stamping processes has been introduced to accurately describe frictional behavior of 22MnB5-AlSi. This study aims to further extend the advanced friction model of 22MnB5-AlSi into a galling prediction tool by first evaluating possible galling initiation models and next assessing growth models. These models are calibrated using experimental data from hot strip draw tests performed at Tata Steel. This results in a multi-dimensional galling model as a function of temperature, pressure, strain and also on the relative sliding distance in contact between the tool and the sheet. Finally, the predicted galling distribution on the tooling surfaces for two industrial parts from Volvo Cars are verified. The galling locations are accurately found on the parts by the applied galling model.
Controllable preparation of TiO2 nanotubes and their photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xing-ping Fan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ethylene glycol aqueous solution containing 0.5% NH4F was used as the electrolyte and the Ti foil was oxidized at 40 V for 30 min to obtain TiO2 nanotube arrays with an inner diameter of about 85 nm. After heat treatment at 450 °C for 2 h, the TiO2 nanotubes transformed from an amorphous phase to anatase, and a small percentage of the nanotubes collapsed. The Pt loaded by electrodeposition appeared at the nozzle of the nanotubes in a flake morphology.The best catalytic effect on methylene blue degradation was achieved by Pt loading with electrodeposition for 120 s.The methylene blue degradation rate reached 50% after 10 h of ultraviolet irradiation.
Improved finite-key security analysis of quantum key distribution against Trojan-horse attacks
Authors: Navarrete Álvaro , Curty Marcos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) disregard the effect of information leakage from the users’ devices, and, thus, do not protect against Trojan-horse attacks (THAs). In a THA, the eavesdropper injects strong light into the QKD apparatuses, and then analyzes the back-reflected light to learn information about their internal setting choices. Only a few recent works consider this security threat, but predict a rather poor performance of QKD unless the devices are strongly isolated from the channel. Here, we derive finite-key security bounds for decoy-state-based QKD schemes in the presence of THAs, which significantly outperform previous analyses. Our results constitute an important step forward to closing the existing gap between theory and practice in QKD.
Nanomaterials and printing techniques for 2D and 3D soft electronics
Authors: Migliorini Lorenzo , Villa Sara Moon , Santaniello Tommaso , Milani Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The merging of electronically conductive elements with soft polymeric materials gave birth to the novel field of soft and stretchable electronics and robotics, in which the key aspect is the maintenance of electrical properties even under severe mechanical deformation. Here, we review the variety of fabrication techniques (dry, wet, and printed) that have been designed, studied, and tested, which leads to a forecast of how soft technologies will have a revolutionary impact on the progress of biomedicine and pre-clinical practice, wearable electronics, environmental monitoring and recognition, smart farming and precision agriculture, and energy harvesting and storage. A particular focus is given to techniques for the printing of 2D and 3D electronics, which allow compliant conductive elements to be coupled to complex three-dimensional objects and platforms. We discuss why it is now necessary to choose between different nanoscale building blocks, nanomaterials, and deposition techniques and to optimize such choices. The watchwords to be prioritized are scalability, versatility, environmental sustainability and biocompatibility, integration, and reduction of the fabrication steps. The target is the design of an eco-friendly and versatile approach for the fully additive manufacture of free-form advanced soft electronic devices (which will eventually be biocompatible and biodegradable) using a multilayer, multimaterial process that can print both active and passive 3D elements on soft polymeric platforms. The sequential combination of dry and wet spray printing is shown to be one of the most promising approaches.
Synthesis and characterization of a g-C3N4/TiO2-ZnO nanostructure for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Saeidpour Sepide , Khoshnevisan Bahram , Boroumand Zohreh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructures with different molar ratios of ZnO and TiO2 (i.e. g-C3N4/TiO2, g-C3N4/ZnO, and g-C3N4/TiO2-ZnO) were synthesized. The synthesized samples were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and ultraviolet (UV)–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS) techniques. The FE-SEM images showed the surface morphology of each sample. The UV-vis-DRS results indicated that the bandgap of TiO2 was reduced by adding g-C3N4 and different molar ratios of ZnO. The results obtained from BET analysis confirmed that the surface area of the g-C3N4/TiO2-ZnO (1:10) nanostructure was 97.494 cm2 g−1, which was comparatively higher than other nanostructures, and became suitable for photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4/TiO2-ZnO nanostructure was performed by photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under simulated solar light. The results of the photocatalytic activity showed that the synthesized nanostructure had good degradation under UV and visible light irradiation by 94.6% and 62.4%, respectively. Also, the kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation confirmed that degradation of MB dye in the presence of UV light was faster than visible light. Furthermore, a study of the reusability of the nanostructure exhibited good photo-stability and activity after six runs.
High power, high repetition rate laser-based sources for attosecond science
Authors: Furch F J , Witting T , Osolodkov M , Schell F , Schulz C P , J Vrakking M J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Within the last two decades attosecond science has been established as a novel research field providing insights into the ultrafast electron dynamics that follows a photoexcitation or photoionization process. Enabled by technological advances in ultrafast laser amplifiers, attosecond science has been in turn, a powerful engine driving the development of novel sources of intense ultrafast laser pulses. This article focuses on the development of high repetition rate laser-based sources delivering high energy pulses with a duration of only a few optical cycles, for applications in attosecond science. In particular, a high power, high repetition rate optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system is described, which was developed to drive an attosecond pump-probe beamline targeting photoionization experiments with electron-ion coincidence detection at high acquisition rates.
Taking advantage of glass: capturing and retaining the helium gas on the moon
Authors: Li Ao , Chen Xiao , Song Lijian , Chen Guoxin , Xu Wei , Huo Juntao , Gao Meng , Li Ming , Zhang Lei , Yao Bingnan , Ji Min , Zhang Yan , Zhao Shaofan , Yao Wei , Liu Yanhui , Wang Jun-Qiang , Bai Haiyang , Zou Zhigang , Yang Mengfei , Wang Weihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Helium-3 (3He) is a noble gas that has critical applications in scientific research and promising application potential as clean fusion energy. It is thought that the lunar regolith contains large amounts of helium, but it is challenging to extract because most helium atoms are reserved in defects of crystals or as solid solutions. Here, we find large amounts of helium bubbles in the glassy surface layer of ilmenite particles that were brought back by the Chang’E-5 mission. The special disordered atomic packing structure of glasses should be the critical factor for capturing the noble helium gas. The reserves in bubbles do not require heating to high temperatures to be extracted. Mechanical methods at ambient temperatures can easily break the bubbles. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of helium gathering on the moon and offer guidance on future in situ extraction.
The nature and genomic landscape of repetitive DNA classes in Chrysanthemum nankingense shows recent genomic changes
Authors: Zhang Fengjiao , Chen Fadi , Schwarzacher Trude , Heslop-Harrison J S , Teng Nianjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Tandemly repeated DNA and transposable elements represent most of the DNA in higher plant genomes. High-throughput sequencing allows a survey of the DNA in a genome, but whole-genome assembly can miss a substantial fraction of highly repeated sequence motifs. Chrysanthemum nankingense (2n = 2x = 18; genome size = 3.07 Gb; Asteraceae), a diploid reference for the many auto- and allopolyploids in the genus, was considered as an ancestral species and serves as an ornamental plant and high-value food. We aimed to characterize the major repetitive DNA motifs, understand their structure and identify key features that are shaped by genome and sequence evolution.

Methods
Graph-based clustering with RepeatExplorer was used to identify and classify repetitive motifs in 2.14 millions of 250-bp paired-end Illumina reads from total genomic DNA of C. nankingense. Independently, the frequency of all canonical motifs k-bases long was counted in the raw read data and abundant k-mers (16, 21, 32, 64 and 128) were extracted and assembled to generate longer contigs for repetitive motif identification. For comparison, long terminal repeat retrotransposons were checked in the published C. nankingense reference genome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed to show the chromosomal distribution of the main types of repetitive motifs.

Key Results
Apart from rDNA (0.86 % of the total genome), a few microsatellites (0.16 %), and telomeric sequences, no highly abundant tandem repeats were identified. There were many transposable elements: 40 % of the genome had sequences with recognizable domains related to transposable elements. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons showed widespread distribution over chromosomes, although different sequence families had characteristic features such as abundance at or exclusion from centromeric or subtelomeric regions. Another group of very abundant repetitive motifs, including those most identified as low-complexity sequences (9.07 %) in the genome, showed no similarity to known sequence motifs or tandemly repeated elements.

Conclusions
The Chrysanthemum genome has an unusual structure with a very low proportion of tandemly repeated sequences (~1.02 %) in the genome, and a high proportion of low-complexity sequences, most likely degenerated remains of transposable elements. Identifying the presence, nature and genomic organization of major genome fractions enables inference of the evolutionary history of sequences, including degeneration and loss, critical to understanding biodiversity and diversification processes in the genomes of diploid and polyploid Chrysanthemum, Asteraceae and plants more widely.
Piperonylic acid alters growth, mineral content accumulation and reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity in chia seedlings
Authors: Nkomo Mbukeni , Gokul Arun , Ndimba Roya , Badiwe Mihlali , Keyster Marshall , Klein Ashwil 
Published: May 2022

Abstractp-Coumaric acid synthesis in plants involves the conversion of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid via phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which is then hydroxylated at the para-position under the action of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. Alternatively, some PAL enzymes accept tyrosine as an alternative substrate and convert tyrosine directly to p-coumaric acid without the intermediary of trans-cinnamic acid. In recent years, the contrasting roles of p-coumaric acid in regulating the growth and development of plants have been well-documented. To understand the contribution of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity in p-coumaric acid-mediated plant growth, mineral content accumulation and the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the effect of piperonylic acid (a trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase inhibitor) on plant growth, essential macroelements, osmolyte content, ROS-induced oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and phytohormone levels in chia seedlings. Piperonylic acid restricted chia seedling growth by reducing shoot length, fresh weight, leaf area measurements and p-coumaric acid content. Apart from sodium, piperonylic acid significantly reduced the accumulation of other essential macroelements (such as K, P, Ca and Mg) relative to the untreated control. Enhanced proline, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents were observed. The inhibition of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity significantly increased the enzymatic activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. In addition, piperonylic acid caused a reduction in indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid content. In conclusion, the reduction in chia seedling growth in response to piperonylic acid may be attributed to a reduction in p-coumaric acid content coupled with elevated ROS-induced oxidative damage, and restricted mineral and phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic) levels.
Diversity Drives Innovation: The Impact of Female-Driven Publications
Authors: Smith Rachel M , Rathore Srishti , Donnelly D’Andrea , Nicksic Peter J , Poore Samuel O , Dingle Aaron M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Gender disparities are pervasive in academic plastic surgery. Previous research demonstrates articles authored by women receive fewer citations than those written by men, suggesting the presence of implicit gender bias.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe current citation trends in plastic surgery literature and assess gender bias. The expectation was that women would be cited less frequently than their male peers.

Methods
Articles published between 2017 and 2019 were collected from 8 representative plastic surgery journals stratified by impact factor. Names of primary and senior authors of the 50 most cited articles per year per journal were collected and author gender was determined via online database and internet search. The median numbers of citations by primary and senior author gender were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results
Among 1167 articles, women wrote 27.3% as primary author and 18% as senior author. Women-authored articles were cited as often as those authored by men (P &gt; 0.05) across all journal tiers. Articles with a female primary and male senior author had significantly more citations than articles with a male primary author (P = 0.038).

Conclusions
No implicit gender bias was identified in citation trends, a finding unique to plastic surgery. Women primary authors are cited more often than male primary authors despite women comprising a small fraction of authorship overall. Additionally, variegated authorship pairings outperformed homogeneous ones. Therefore, increasing gender diversity within plastic surgery academia remains critical.
Conditional generative modeling forde novoprotein design with hierarchical functions
Authors: Kucera Tim , Togninalli Matteo , Meng-Papaxanthos Laetitia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationProtein design has become increasingly important for medical and biotechnological applications. Because of the complex mechanisms underlying protein formation, the creation of a novel protein requires tedious and time-consuming computational or experimental protocols. At the same time, machine learning has enabled the solving of complex problems by leveraging large amounts of available data, more recently with great improvements on the domain of generative modeling. Yet, generative models have mainly been applied to specific sub-problems of protein design.ResultsHere, we approach the problem of general-purpose protein design conditioned on functional labels of the hierarchical Gene Ontology. Since a canonical way to evaluate generative models in this domain is missing, we devise an evaluation scheme of several biologically and statistically inspired metrics. We then develop the conditional generative adversarial network ProteoGAN and show that it outperforms several classic and more recent deep-learning baselines for protein sequence generation. We further give insights into the model by analyzing hyperparameters and ablation baselines. Lastly, we hypothesize that a functionally conditional model could generate proteins with novel functions by combining labels and provide first steps into this direction of research.Availability and implementationThe code and data underlying this article are available on GitHub at https://github.com/timkucera/proteogan, and can be accessed with doi:10.5281/zenodo.6591379.Supplementary informationSupplemental data are available at Bioinformatics online.
scPreGAN, a deep generative model for predicting the response of single-cell expression to perturbation
Authors: Wei Xiajie , Dong Jiayi , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationRapid developments of single-cell RNA sequencing technologies allow study of responses to external perturbations at individual cell level. However, in many cases, it is hard to collect the perturbed cells, such as knowing the response of a cell type to the drug before actual medication to a patient. Prediction in silicon could alleviate the problem and save cost. Although several tools have been developed, their prediction accuracy leaves much room for improvement.ResultsIn this article, we propose scPreGAN (Single-Cell data Prediction base on GAN), a deep generative model for predicting the response of single-cell expression to perturbation. ScPreGAN integrates autoencoder and generative adversarial network, the former is to extract common information of the unperturbed data and the perturbed data, the latter is to predict the perturbed data. Experiments on three real datasets show that scPreGAN outperforms three state-of-the-art methods, which can capture the complicated distribution of cell expression and generate the prediction data with the same expression abundance as the real data.Availability and implementationThe implementation of scPreGAN is available via https://github.com/JaneJiayiDong/scPreGAN. To reproduce the results of this article, please visit https://github.com/JaneJiayiDong/scPreGAN-reproducibility.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.