bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic help‐seeking interactions in the classroom: A microlongitudinal study
Authors: Davison Kyle , Malmberg Lars‐Erik , Sylva Kathy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelp‐seeking research has traditionally inferred behavioural responses to the need for help from post‐hoc reflections and experiments outside of the classroom context.AimWe aimed to gain an ecologically valid understanding of the help‐seeking process by examining the association between pupils' task‐specific perceptions and their help‐seeking interactions with teachers and peers during lessons.SampleParticipants were 290 pupils in Years 4–6 (aged 8.22–11.48) and 12 teachers in 12 classrooms in three schools across two local authorities in South East England, UK.MethodThe microlongitudinal data consisted of 6,592 task‐specific reports. Pupils reported on their task understanding and need for help and their help‐seeking (teacher and peer) and help‐giving behaviours at the end of each lesson. On average, pupils completed 25.44 reports across 14.64 lessons, 13 school subjects and 4.80 days. Teachers reported on pupils' academic performance. Data were analysed using two‐level logistic and multinomial logistic regressions.Results and conclusionsTask‐specific understanding and need for help were associated with help‐seeking and help‐giving behaviour during lessons. Understanding was associated also with the type of help sought and given among classmates and appeared to influence whether pupils were help‐seekers or help‐givers during peer interactions. There was an apparent reciprocity in peer help‐seeking interactions, occurring namely among girls and higher performers. Overall, girls were more likely than boys to seek and give help across tasks. Pupils for whom English was an additional language were less likely than classmates to seek help when they needed it. The study (1) sheds new light on the dynamics of everyday help‐seeking interactions in the classroom, (2) provides a conceptual framework for researchers interested in reciprocal processes of social interaction in self‐regulated learning, and (3) highlights groups who might benefit from intervention.
CK2 blockade alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Fan Junfu , Tong Gaozan , Chen Xixi , Li Santie , Yu Ying , Zhu Shunan , Zhu Kunxuan , Hu Zijing , Dong Yonggan , Chen Rui , Zhu Junjie , Gong Wenjie , Hu Zhicheng , Zhou Bin , Chen Yiming , Jin Litai , Cong Weitao 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeLiver fibrosis is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The protein kinase CK2 is a pro‐survival kinase overexpressed in human tumours. However, the biological role of CK2 in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which CK2 promotes liver fibrosis.Experimental ApproachIn vitro, LX‐2 cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). HSCs were also isolated for research. In vivo, the adeno‐associated virus AAV‐sh‐csnk2a1 was used to knockdown CK2α specifically in HSCs, and CX‐4945 was used to pharmacologically inhibit the enzymatic activity of CK2 in murine models of fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and a 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to study the involvement of CK2 in regulation of fibrogenic and fibrolytic factors as well as activation properties of HSCs.Key ResultsHSC‐specific genetic invalidation of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2 protected mice treated with CCl4 or fed a DDC diet against liver fibrosis and HSC accumulation. Mechanistically, CK2α, which bound to Smoothened (SMO), was a positive regulator of the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway. CK2 prevented ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SMO, which was abolished by knockdown of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2.Conclusions and ImplicationsCK2 activation is critical to sustain the activated and fibrogenic phenotype of HSCs via SMO stabilization. Therefore, inactivation of CK2 by CX‐4945 may be of therapeutic interest for liver fibrotic diseases.
Salt tectonics vs. inversion tectonics: The anticlines of the western Maestrazgo revisited (eastern Iberian Chain, Spain)
Authors: Liesa Carlos L. , Casas‐Sainz Antonio M. , Aurell Marcos , Simón José L. , Soria Ana R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany works in the last decades underline the role of evaporites, not just as a conditioning factor but as the engine for subsidence and eventually basin inversion. The western Mediterranean alpine ranges are being investigated in this regard because of the presence of discontinuous units of Permian to Triassic evaporites, deposited in the western Tethys basins. This work presents a thorough analysis of two particular structures (Cañada Vellida and Miravete anticlines) in the intraplate Maestrazgo basin (eastern Iberian Chain, Spain) in which evidence to support their reinterpretation as salt‐driven structures have been recently reported. Our analysis includes (i) a comprehensive stratigraphic and structural study of the folds along their entire trace, (ii) the compilation of thickness and distribution of evaporite–bearing and supraevaporite units, paying special attention to changes in the thickness of units in relation to anticlines, and (iii) the study of fault patterns, sometimes in relation to the mechanical stratigraphy. All three aspects are also documented and discussed on a regional scale. The new data and interpretations reported here reinforce the extensional origin of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basins, and the role of regional extensional tectonics as the responsible for the development of first‐order syn‐sedimentary normal fault zones driving the formation and evolution of sub‐basins. These basins were subsequently inverted and deformed, including the formation of complex, box‐geometry anticlines that, in their turn, controlled deposition in Cenozoic basins. The review of the arguments that support the alternative of salt tectonics for the origin of such anticlines has allowed us to delve into the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the inverted extensional basins and to propose a specific model for the development of these faulted anticlines. The role of salt levels and other interlayered detachments in the structuring of sedimentary basins and their inversion is also pondered. The observations in the eastern Iberian Chain reported here have implications to assess ongoing reinterpretations in terms of salt tectonics in other alpine basins and ranges of the western Mediterranean.
Multiple dimensions of biodiversity in paleotropical hotspots reveal comparable bat diversity
Authors: Tanshi Iroro , Obitte Benneth C. , Monadjem Ara , Rossiter Stephen J. , Fisher‐Phelps Marina , Kingston Tigga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBat species commonly comprise at least 50% of tropical mammalian assemblages, but Afrotropical bat faunas have been little studied leading to perceptions that they are depauperate. Here, we compare alpha taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of insectivorous bats belonging to the narrow‐space foraging ensemble from a bat diversity hotspot in Nigeria to species‐rich sites in Indonesia and Malaysia, using previously published data. The Nigerian site is protected unlogged forests at Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and Cross River National Park. For comparison, we targeted similar unlogged forest sites in Southeast Asia: Indonesia—Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Forest in Sumatra; and Kakenauwe Forest Reserve on Buton Island, Sulawesi; and another in Malaysia—Krau Wildlife Reserve. All sites were sampled using comparable methods, with an emphasis on harp traps that effectively capture the forest‐interior ensembles. We also compare regional beta diversity of bat assemblages in ecoregions using occurrence data (literature, unpublished records, and online natural history collections) from the Lower Guinean Forest and the Malay Peninsula. We demonstrate comparable alpha taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of narrow‐space bats among sites in Nigeria and Indonesia, but greater diversity in Malaysia. Turnover and overall beta diversity of bats among ecoregions was comparable between the Lower Guinean Forest and the Malay Peninsula, but nestedness was higher in the latter. Our results reiterate the value of harp traps in generating bat survey data that allows equatable comparisons of “mist net avoiders” in the Paleotropical forest understory. Our findings have implications for regional and local bat conservation.
Fully digital versus conventional workflow for horizontal ridge augmentation with intraoral block bone: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhu Ning , Liu Jiayu , Ma Ting , Zhang Yu , Lin Ye 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the outcome and efficiency of the computer‐aided intraoral block bone grafting procedure with those of the conventional technique for the augmentation of horizontal ridge defects.Materials and MethodsA total of 28 patients with single missing tooth in esthetic zone with class IV horizontal alveolar bone defect in need of dental implant restoration were recruited. Computer‐aided design of the implant restoration and intraoral block bone grafting was performed for all the participants. The patients were randomly and equally divided into guide and control groups. A fully guided bone harvesting, trimming, and grafting surgery was executed in the guide group. The control group patients underwent surgery without any guide. After 6 months, all the patients underwent implant placement. The primary outcomes were the root mean square estimate (RMSE) values between the outer contours of the actual implanted and planned bone block as well as the RMSE values between the inner surface of the implanted bone block and the original bone surface of the recipient site immediately after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the trimming time of bone block and the surgery‐associated complications. The postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, swelling, and mouth opening difficulty was recorded.ResultsAll 28 patients underwent intraoral block bone grafting, followed by the placement of implant after 191.8 ± 19.69 days. The RMSE values between the outer contours of the implanted and planned bone blocks were significantly lower in the guide group (0.37 ± 0.16 mm) as compared to those in the control group (0.72 ± 0.29 mm) (p = 0.0007). The RMSE values between the inner contours of the graft block and original bone at the recipient site were lower in the guide group (0.35 ± 0.15 mm) as compared to those in the control group (0.48 ± 0.17 mm) (p = 0.043). The duration of bone block trimming was shorter in the guide group (401.51 ± 97.60 s) as compared to the control group (602.36 ± 160.57 s) (p = 0.0005). In the control group, two patients received secondary bone grafting, one patient experienced bleeding of donor site and temporary hypoesthesia of the lower lip and chin skin, and one patient developed temporary sensitivity of the adjacent tooth.ConclusionsAs compared to the conventional procedure, the fully digital workflow in the present study seemed to be a more accuracy and effective protocol for horizontal ridge augmentation with intraoral block bone. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000036390).
Ten‐year prevalence of acute hospital ENT infections and the impact of COVID: A large population study
Authors: Mettias Bassem , Jenkins David , Rea Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections were the commonest referrals from accident and emergency to ENT services. The referral rate changed dramatically with season, year, national outbreaks and during the COVID pandemic.MethodRetrospective longitudinal study of the epidemiology of seven acute ENT infections in secondary care over 10 years. A mixed city and rural population of over 650 000 in central England was studied. The risk factors for each wave of infection during the surge of infection were sought. A statistical analysis of their significance was undertaken. This included analysis and correlation of group A‐beta haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) in hospital and community. Seasonal variations, hospital admissions and the impact of the COVID were analysed.ResultsThere were 16 883 reported cases of the seven index ENT infections during the 10‐year period. Great seasonal and year‐to‐year variations were recorded. There was an incremental rise in 2018. Spring had the highest season of acute ENT infections. An outbreak of GABHS was noted in the community in 2014. The mean duration of hospital admission was 1.5 days. There was no statistical ethnic or gender predominance. A dramatically lower number of acute ENT infections were recorded during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and this continued after lifting of lockdown restrictions.ConclusionA resurgence in scarlet fever directly and indirectly contributed to an incremental rise in acute ENT infections in the following years. Both hospital and community B‐haemolytic cultures have declined during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to a reduction in infections as opposed to reduced case ascertainment.
A spatially explicit risk assessment of salamander populations to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in the United States
Authors: Moubarak Michael , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Han Barbara A. , Castellanos Adrian A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAmphibian populations are threatened globally by anthropogenic change and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen causing chytridiomycosis disease to varying degrees of severity. A closely related new fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), has recently left its supposed native range in Asia and decimated some salamander populations in Europe. Despite being noticed initially for causing chytridiomycosis‐related population declines in salamanders, Bsal can also infect anurans and cause non‐lethal chytridiomycosis or asymptomatic infections in salamanders. Bsal has not yet been detected in the United States, but given the United States has the highest salamander biodiversity on Earth, predictive assessments of salamander risk to Bsal infection will enable proactive allocation of research and conservation efforts into disease prevention and mitigation.LocationThe United States, Europe and Asia.MethodsWe first predicted the environmental suitability for the Bsal pathogen in the United States through an ecological niche model based on the pathogen's known native range in Asia, validated on the observed invasive range in Europe using bioclimatic, land cover, elevation, soil characteristics and human modification variables. Second, we predicted the susceptibility of salamander species to Bsal infection using a machine‐learning model that correlated life history traits with published data on confirmed species infections. Finally, we mapped the geographic ranges of the subset of species that were predicted to be susceptible to Bsal infection.ResultsIn the United States, the overlap of environmental suitability and susceptible salamander species was greatest in the Pacific Northwest, near the Gulf of Mexico, and along the Atlantic coast, and in inland states east of the Plains region.Main ConclusionsThe overlap of these metrics identify salamander populations that may be at risk of developing Bsal infection and suggests priorities for pre‐emptive research and conservation measures to protect at‐risk salamander species from an additional pathogenic threat.
Hearing water temperature: Characterizing the development of nuanced perception of sound sources
Authors: Agrawal Tanushree , Schachner Adena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWithout conscious thought, listeners link events in the world to sounds they hear. We study one surprising example: Adults can judge the temperature of water simply from hearing it being poured. We test the development of the ability to hear water temperature, with the goal of informing developmental theories regarding the origins and cognitive bases of nuanced sound source judgments. We first confirmed that adults accurately distinguished the sounds of hot and cold water (pre‐registered Experiments. 1, 2; total N = 384), even though many were unaware or uncertain of this ability. By contrast, children showed protracted development of this skill over the course of middle childhood (Experiments. 2, 3; total N = 178). In spite of accurately identifying other sounds and hot/cold images, older children (7–11 years) but not younger children (3–6 years) reliably distinguished the sounds of hot and cold water. Accuracy increased with age; 11‐year old's performance was similar to adults. Adults also showed individual differences in accuracy that were predicted by their amount of prior relevant experience (Experiment 1). Experience may similarly play a role in children's performance; differences in auditory sensitivity and multimodal integration may also contribute to young children's failures. The ability to hear water temperature develops slowly over childhood, such that nuanced auditory information that is easily and quickly accessible to adults is not available to guide young children's behavior.Highlights
Adults can make nuanced judgments from sound, including accurately judging the temperature of water from the sound of it being poured.
Children showed protracted development of this skill over the course of middle childhood, such that 7–11‐year‐olds reliably succeeded while 3–6‐year‐olds performed at chance.
Developmental changes may be due to experience (adults with greater relevant experience showed higher accuracy) and the development of multimodal integration and auditory sensitivity.
Young children may not detect subtle auditory information that adults easily perceive.
Newly raised anti‐c‐Kit antibody visualizes morphology of interstitial cells of Cajal in the developing gut of chicken embryos
Authors: Yagasaki Rei , Shikaya Yuuki , Kawachi Teruaki , Inaba Masafumi , Takase Yuta , Takahashi Yoshiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe gut peristaltic movement, a wave‐like propagation of a local contraction, is important for the transportation and digestion of ingested materials. Among three types of cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS), smooth muscle cells, and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), the ICCs have been thought to act as a pacemaker, and therefore it is important to decipher the cellular functions of ICCs to further our understanding of gut peristalsis. c‐Kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor, has widely been used as a marker for ICCs. Most studies with ICCs have been conducted in mammals using commercially available anti‐c‐Kit antibody. Recently, the chicken embryonic gut has emerged as a powerful model to study gut peristalsis. However, since the anti‐c‐Kit antibody for mammals does not work for chickens, cellular mechanisms by which ICCs are regulated have largely been unexplored. Here, we report a newly raised polyclonal antibody against the chicken c‐Kit protein. The specificity of the antibody was validated by both western blotting analyses and immunocytochemistry. Co‐immunostaining with the new antibody and anti‐α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) antibody successfully visualized ICCs in the chicken developing hindgut in the circular muscle and longitudinal muscle layers. As previously shown in mice, common progenitors of ICCs and smooth muscle cells at early stages were double positive for αSMA and c‐Kit, and at later stages, differentiated ICCs and smooth muscle cells exhibited only c‐Kit and αSMA, respectively. A novel ICC population was also found that radially extended from the submucosal layer to the circular muscle layer. Furthermore, the new antibody delineated individual ICCs in a cleared hindgut. The antibody newly developed in this study will facilitate the study of peristaltic movement in chicken embryos.
Sleep homeostasis, seizures, and cognition in children with focal epilepsy
Authors: Eriksson Maria H. , Baldeweg Torsten , Pressler Ronit , Boyd Stewart G. , Huber Reto , Cross J. Helen , Bölsterli Bigna K. , Chan Samantha Y. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the link between sleep disruption and cognitive impairment in childhood epilepsy by studying the effect of epilepsy on sleep homeostasis, as reflected in slow‐wave activity (SWA).MethodWe examined SWA from overnight EEG‐polysomnography in 19 children with focal epilepsy (mean [SD] age 11 years 6 months [3 years], range 6 years 6 months–15 years 6 months; 6 females, 13 males) and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing controls, correlating this with contemporaneous memory consolidation task scores, full‐scale IQ, seizures, and focal interictal discharges.ResultsChildren with epilepsy did not differ significantly from controls in overnight SWA decline (p = 0.12) or gain in memory performance with sleep (p = 0.27). SWA was lower in patients compared to controls in the first hour of non‐rapid eye movement sleep (p = 0.021), although not in those who remained seizure‐free (p = 0.26). Full‐scale IQ did not correlate with measures of SWA in patients or controls. There was no significant difference in SWA measures between focal and non‐focal electrodes.InterpretationOvernight SWA decline is conserved in children with focal epilepsy and may underpin the preservation of sleep‐related memory consolidation in this patient group. Reduced early‐night SWA may reflect impaired or immature sleep homeostasis in those with a higher seizure burden.What this paper adds

The decline in slow‐wave activity (SWA) across the night, reflecting global synaptic downscaling, was preserved in children with focal lesional epilepsies.
Sleep benefited memory consolidation in this group of patients, as in typically developing children.
Reduced early‐night SWA was associated with increased likelihood of a subsequent seizure.
Small firms amidst COVID‐19: Financial constraints and role of government support
Authors: Chundakkadan Radeef , Natarajan Rajesh Raj , Sasidharan Subash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 has severely affected the financially constrained small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In response, various countries employed several policies to support SMEs. Using rich firm‐level data from 34 countries, we study the impact of the pandemic‐led crisis on cash‐strapped SMEs and the role of governments in offsetting losses. Our results suggest that (i) government support programmes target mostly financially constrained firms; (ii) firms adjustments to the pandemic are associated with the likelihood of government support; (iii) financially constrained firms are more likely to lay off workers; and (iv) financially constrained firms layoff more male employees than female employees.
Self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading to identify history effects on HCF properties of high‐strength low‐alloy steel: Part II—Modeling
Authors: Louge Julien , Moyne Sylvain , Doudard Cédric , Calloch Sylvain , Weber Bastien , Munier Rémi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present paper proposes a new version of a model for high cycle fatigue of steels able to take load history effects into account. This model is developed in a probabilistic two‐scale framework. The proposed model accounts not only for the failure of samples under high cycle loadings but also for the thermal effects during cycling in a unified theoretical framework. Thus, an ad hoc identification procedure, essentially based on self‐heating tests under cyclic loadings provided in the accompanying paper, is proposed. The model was then validated by predicting the effect of a pre‐cycling loading on S‐N curves.