bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐filtration followed by slow double‐layered filtration: Media clogging effects on hydraulic aspects and water quality
Authors: Lunardi Samuel , Martins Marcelle , Pizzolatti Bruno Segalla , Soares Marcus Bruno Domingues 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated clogging effects on head loss and water quality in sand prefiltration columns, followed by innovative double‐layered slow‐filter filtration technology using anthracite coal and sand. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 (filtration rate 11 m3/m2·d) had a layout of a pre‐filter (PF) system followed by a slow filter (SF). In Phase 2 (filtration rates of 5.5 and 11 m3/m2·d), two PF systems (PF1 and PF2) followed by SFs (SF1 and SF2) were monitored, be differed only by filtration rate. Phase 1 presents a mean turbidity removal of 45.6% in PF and 23.9% in SF. PF presented a lower head loss in the superficial layers of the filter media, whereas SF presented a more important contribution in the deeper layers of the bed. In Phase 2, the mean results obtained for turbidity removal in PF1 and SF1 were 84.7% and 22.4%, in that order. PF2 and SF2 promoted mean reductions of 84.5% and 22.0%, respectively. Greater clogging is observed in the PF's surface layers, whereas the SFs dissipate greater clogging with depth. Filtration rates and water quality were similar in filter media of different compositions.Practitioner Points
Double‐layer filters show better use of the porous media in depth.
Different materials produce different forms of clogging.
Higher filtration rates increase the number of pre‐filter and slow filter runs.
Large diffeomorphisms and accidental symmetry of the extremal horizon
Authors: Porfyriadis Achilleas P. , Remmen Grant N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We uncover a symmetry of the linear Einstein equations near extremal horizons. Specifically, acting with a spherically symmetric linearized diffeomorphism on the perturbative solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations in the Bertotti-Robinson background, but not acting on the background itself, we find that there is a subset of such transformations under which the equations of motion remain satisfied, with or without additional matter. This represents an “accidental” symmetry in the sense that the set of transformations realizing the mapping among solutions is strictly larger than the SL(2) isometries of the background spacetime. We argue that our accidental symmetry can be thought of as an on-shell large diffeomorphism of AdS2, which we support in the context of Jackiw-Teitelboim theory.
Diamine oxidase knockout mice are not hypersensitive to orally or subcutaneously administered histamine
Authors: Karer Matthias , Rager-Resch Marlene , Haider Teresa , Petroczi Karin , Gludovacz Elisabeth , Borth Nicole , Jilma Bernd , Boehm Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of endogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) in the inactivation of exogenous histamine, to find a mouse strain with increased histamine sensitivity and to test the efficacy of rhDAO in a histamine challenge model.MethodsDiamine oxidase knockout (KO) mice were challenged with orally and subcutaneously administered histamine in combination with the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, with the two histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) inhibitors metoprine and tacrine, with folic acid to mimic acute kidney injury and treated with recombinant human DAO. Core body temperature was measured using a subcutaneously implanted microchip and histamine plasma levels were quantified using a homogeneous time resolved fluorescence assay.ResultsCore body temperature and plasma histamine levels were not significantly different between wild type (WT) and DAO KO mice after oral and subcutaneous histamine challenge with and without acute kidney injury or administration of HNMT inhibitors. Treatment with recombinant human DAO reduced the mean area under the curve (AUC) for core body temperature loss by 63% (p = 0.002) and the clinical score by 88% (p < 0.001). The AUC of the histamine concentration was reduced by 81%.ConclusionsInactivation of exogenous histamine is not driven by enzymatic degradation and kidney filtration. Treatment with recombinant human DAO strongly reduced histamine-induced core body temperature loss, histamine concentrations and prevented the development of severe clinical symptoms.
A hierarchical kriging approach for multi-fidelity optimization of automotive crashworthiness problems
Authors: Kaps Arne , Czech Catharina , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulti-fidelity optimization schemes enriching expensive high-fidelity functions with cheap-to-evaluate low-fidelity functions have gained popularity in recent years. In the present work, an optimization scheme based on a hierarchical kriging is proposed for large-scale and highly non-linear crashworthiness problems. After comparison to other multi-fidelity techniques an infill criterion called variable-fidelity expected improvement is applied and evaluated. This is complemented by two innovative techniques, a new approach regarding initial sampling and a novel way to generate the low-fidelity model for crash problems are suggested. For the former, a modified Latin hypercube sampling, pushing samples more towards design space boundaries, increases the quality of sampling selection. For the latter, a projection-based non-intrusive model order reduction technique accelerates and simplifies the low-fidelity model evaluation. The proposed techniques are investigated with two application problems from the field of automotive crashworthiness—a size optimization problem for lateral impact and a shape optimization problem for frontal impact. The use of a multi-fidelity scheme compared to baseline single-fidelity optimization saves computational effort while keeping an acceptable level of accuracy. Both suggested modifications, independently and especially combined, increase computational performance and result quality in the presented examples.
Continuity of Derivatives of a Convex Solution to a Perturbed One-Laplace Equation by p-Laplacian
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Tsubouchi Shuntaro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider a one-Laplace equation perturbed by p-Laplacian with $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

. We prove that a weak solution is continuously differentiable $$(C^1)$$

(

C
1

)

if it is convex. Note that a similar result fails to hold for the unperturbed one-Laplace equation. The main difficulty is to show $$C^{1}$$

C
1

-regularity of the solution at the boundary of a facet where the gradient of the solution vanishes. For this purpose we blow-up the solution and prove that its limit is a constant function by establishing a Liouville-type result, which is proved by showing a strong maximum principle. Our argument is rather elementary, since we assume that the solution is convex. A few generalizations are also discussed.
Impacts of Topographic Complexity on Modeling Moisture Transport and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer
Authors: Li Gudongze , Chen Haoming , Xu Mingyue , Zhao Chun , Zhong Lei , Li Rui , Fu Yunfei , Gao Yanhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe non-hydrostatic global variable resolution model (MPAS-atmosphere) is used to conduct the simulations for the South Asian Summer monsoon season (June, July, and August) in 2015 with a refinement over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at the convection-permitting scale (4 km). Two experiments with different topographical datasets, complex (4-km) and smooth (60-km) topography, are designed to investigate the impacts of topographical complexity on moisture transport and precipitation. Compared with the observations and reanalysis data, the simulation can successfully capture the general features of key meteorological fields over the TP despite slightly underestimating the inflow through the southern TP. The results indicate that the complex topography can decrease the inward and outward moisture transport, ultimately increasing the total net moisture transport into the TP by ∼11%. The impacts of complex topography on precipitation are negligible over the TP, but the spatial distributions of precipitation over the Himalayas are significantly modulated. With the inclusion of complex topography, the sharper southern slopes of the Himalayas shift the lifted airflow and hence precipitation northward compared to the smooth topography. In addition, more small-scale valleys are resolved by the inclusion of complex topography, which serve as channels for moisture transport across the Himalayas, further favoring a northward shift of precipitation. Overall, the difference between the two experiments with different topography datasets is mainly attributed to their differing representation of the degree of the southern slopes of the Himalayas and the extent to which the valleys are resolved.
Factors influencing the outcome after surgical reconstruction of OTA type B and C tibial plateau fractures: how crucial is the restoration of articular congruity?
Authors: Rosteius Thomas , Rausch Valentin , Pätzholz Simon , Lotzien Sebastian , Königshausen Matthias , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Geßmann Jan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Only few and inconsistent data about the impact of articular congruity and tolerable residual intraarticular steps and gaps of the joint surface after tibial plateau fractures exist. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between OTA type B and C tibial plateau fracture outcomes and postoperative articular congruity using computed tomography (CT) data.

Materials and methods
Fifty-five patients with a mean age of 45.5 ± 12.5 years and treated for 27 type B and 28 C tibial plateau fractures with pre- and postsurgical CT data were included. Primary outcome measure was the correlation of postoperative intraarticular step and gap sizes, articular comminution area, the postoperative medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and the Lysholm and IKDC score. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine threshold values for step and gap heights according to the following outcome scores: IKDC > 70; Lysholm > 80. Secondary outcome measures were the correlation of fracture severity, the number of complications and surgical revisions and the outcome scores, as well as the Tegner activity score before injury and at final follow-up.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 42.4 ± 18.9 months, the mean Lysholm score was 80.7 ± 13.3, and the mean IKDC score was 62.7 ± 17.6. The median Tegner activity score was 5 before the injury and 4 at final follow-up (p < 0.05). The intraarticular step height, gap size, comminution area and MPTA deviation were significantly negatively correlated with the IKDC and Lysholm scores. The cutoff values for step height were 2.6 and 2.9 mm. The gap size threshold was 6.6 mm. In total, an average of 0.5 ± 0.8 (range 0–3) complications occurred, and on average, 0.5 ± 1.1 (range 0–7) surgical revisions had to be performed. The number of complications and surgical revisions also had negative impacts on the outcome. Neither fracture severity nor BMI or patient’s age was significantly correlated with the IKDC or Lysholm score.

Conclusions
Tibial plateau fractures are severe injuries, which lead to a subsequent reduced level of patient activity. Precise reconstruction of the articular surface with regard to intraarticular step and gap size, residual comminution area and joint angle is decisive for the final outcome. Complications and surgical revisions also worsen it.

Level of evidence
III.
Lactate infusion as therapeutical intervention: a scoping review
Authors: van Gemert Loes A. , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Wevers Ron A. , ter Heine Rob , Willemsen Michèl A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditionally, clinicians consider lactate as a waste product of anaerobic glycolysis. Interestingly, research has shown that lactate may serve as an alternative fuel for the brain to protect it against harm. The increasing scientific awareness of the potential beneficial side of lactate, however, is entering the clinic rather slowly. Following this, and realizing that the application of potential novel therapeutic strategies in pediatric populations often lags behind the development in adults, this review summarizes the key data on therapeutic use of intravenous infusion of sodium lactate in humans. PubMed and clinicaltrial.gov were searched up until November 2021 focusing on interventional studies in humans. Thirty-four articles were included in this review, with protocols of lactate infusion in adults with diabetes mellitus, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiac disease. One study on lactate infusion in children was also included. Results of our literature search show that sodium lactate can be safely administrated, without major side effects. Additionally, the present literature clearly shows the potential benefits of therapeutic lactate infusion under certain pathological circumstances, including rather common clinical conditions like traumatic brain injury.Conclusion: This review shows that lactate is a save, alternative energy source for the adult brain warranting studies on the potential therapeutic effects of sodium lactate infusion in children.

What is Known:• Lactate is generally considered a waste product of anaerobic glycolysis. However, lactate also is an alternative fuel for different organs, including the brain.• Lactate infusion is not incorporated in standard care for any patient population.

What is New:• Thirty-four studies investigated the therapeutic use of intravenous sodium lactate in different patient populations, all with different study protocols.• Literature shows that lactate infusion may have beneficial effects in case of hypoglycemia, traumatic brain injury, and cardiac failure without the risk of major side effects.
Proximity bounds for random integer programs
Authors: Celaya Marcel , Henk Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study proximity bounds within a natural model of random integer programs of the type $$\max \;\varvec{c}^{\top }\varvec{x}:\varvec{A}\varvec{x}=\varvec{b},\,\varvec{x}\in {\mathbb {Z}}_{\ge 0}$$

max

c

⊤

x

:

A

x

=

b

,

x

∈

Z

≥
0

, where $$\varvec{A}\in {\mathbb {Z}}^{m\times n}$$

A

∈

Z

m
×
n

is of rank m, $$\varvec{b}\in {\mathbb {Z}}^{m}$$

b

∈

Z

m

and $$\varvec{c}\in {\mathbb {Z}}^{n}$$

c

∈

Z

n

. In particular, we seek bounds for proximity in terms of the parameter $$\Delta (\varvec{A})$$

Δ
(

A

)

, which is the square root of the determinant of the Gram matrix $$\varvec{A}\varvec{A}^{\top }$$

A

A

⊤

of $$\varvec{A}$$

A

. We prove that, up to constants depending on n and m, the proximity is “generally” bounded by $$\Delta (\varvec{A})^{1/(n-m)}$$

Δ

(

A

)

1
/
(
n
-
m
)

, which is significantly better than the best deterministic bounds which are, again up to dimension constants, linear in $$\Delta (\varvec{A})$$

Δ
(

A

)

.
Selection of investment portfolios with social responsibility: a multiobjective model and a Tabu search method
Authors: Pacheco Joaquín , Cepa Lara , Puche Julio , Casado Silvia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a model for the selection of investment portfolios is proposed with three objectives. In addition to the traditional objectives of maximizing profitability and minimizing risk, maximization of social responsibility is also considered. Moreover, with the purpose of controlling transaction costs, a limit is placed on the number of assets for selection. To the best of our knowledge, this specific model has not been considered in the literature to date. This model is difficult (NP-Hard), and therefore, only very small instances may be solved in an exact way. This paper proposes a method based on tabu search and multiobjective adaptive memory programming (MOAMP) strategies. With this method it is possible to obtain sets of nondominated solutions in short computational times. To check the performance of our method it is compared with adaptations of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA-II) and multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The results of different computational experiments show that our tabu search-MOAMP method performed best. The quality of the sets of solutions that were obtained and the speed of execution mean that our tabu search-MOAMP can be used as a tool for financial assessment and analysis (including online services). This tool, as we can see in this work with some examples, can take into account the social concerns of many clients and their overall risk profile (very conservative, conservative, moderate, or fearless). This approach is also in line with current legal regulations that oblige financial advisors to take the client profile into account to provide greater protection and propose good financial advice.
Corporate Purpose and Employee Sustainability Behaviors
Authors: Bhattacharya C. B. , Sen Sankar , Edinger-Schons Laura Marie , Neureiter Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of employees’ sense that they work for a purpose-driven company on their workplace sustainability behaviors. Conceptualizing corporate purpose as an overarching, relevant, shared ethical vision of why a company exists and where it needs to go, we argue that it is particularly suited for driving employee sustainability behaviors, which are more ethically complex than the types of employee ethical behaviors typically examined by prior research. Through four studies, two involving the actual employees of construction companies, we demonstrate that purpose drives the sustainability behaviors of employees by causing them to take psychological ownership of sustainability. In addition, we show that the sustainability-enhancing effect of purpose is stronger when employees perceive that they have higher autonomy in enacting their sustainability actions and for those employees for whom being moral is more central to their sense of self.
Nonsingular vectorial reformulation of the short-period corrections in Kozai’s oblateness solution
Authors: Izzo Paolo , Dell’Elce Lamberto , Gurfil Pini , Rosengren Aaron J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe derive a new analytical solution for the first-order, short-periodic perturbations due to planetary oblateness and systematically compare our results to the classical Brouwer–Lyddane transformation. Our approach is based on the Milankovitch vectorial elements and is free of all the mathematical singularities. Being a non-canonical set, our derivation follows the scheme used by Kozai in his oblateness solution. We adopt the mean longitude as the fast variable and present a compact power-series solution in eccentricity for its short-periodic perturbations that relies on Hansen’s coefficients. We also use a numerical averaging algorithm based on the fast-Fourier transform to further validate our new mean-to-osculating and inverse transformations. This technique constitutes a new approach for deriving short-periodic corrections and exhibits performance that are comparable to other existing and well-established theories, with the advantage that it can be potentially extended to modeling non-conservative orbit perturbations.
Gender differences in state body satisfaction, affect, and body-related attention patterns towards one’s own and a peer’s body: an Eye-Tracking Study with Women and Men
Authors: Arkenau Rike , Bauer Anika , Schneider Silvia , Vocks Silja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Body-related attentional biases are assumed to contribute to the development and maintenance of body-related concerns or specific mental disorders such as eating disorders. However, while studies have indicated gender-specific differences in body-related concerns, less is known about gender-specific differences in body-related attention allocation.

Methods
An eye-tracking paradigm was used to assess women’s (n = 41) and men’s (n = 42) attention patterns towards their own and a peer’s body. Additionally, state body satisfaction and affect were examined.

Results
While both women and men showed higher state positive and negative affect after viewing one’s own body than after viewing a peer’s body, only women displayed worse state body satisfaction after viewing one’s own body than after viewing a peer’s body. Conversely, both genders showed a similar deficit-oriented attention pattern, irrespective of the presented body type.

Conclusions
The findings provide evidence of gender-specific differences in state body satisfaction after viewing one’s own and a peer’s body. However, these differences do not seem to be reflected by gender differences in body-related attention allocation. As both women and men showed a deficit-oriented attentional bias, they might benefit from interventions which aim to establish a functional or self-serving way of looking at one’s own body.
Challenges and opportunities of water quality monitoring and multi-stakeholder management in small islands: the case of Santa Cruz, Galápagos (Ecuador)
Authors: Re V. , Rizzi J. , Tuci C. , Tringali C. , Mancin M. , Mendieta E. , Marcomini A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustainable water resources management roots in monitoring data reliability and a full engagement of all institutions involved in the water sector. When competences and interests are overlapping, however, coordination may be difficult, thus hampering cooperative actions. This is the case of Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos, Ecuador). A comprehensive assessment on water quality data (physico-chemical parameters, major elements, trace elements and coliforms) collected since 1985 revealed the need of optimizing monitoring efforts to fill knowledge gaps and to better target decision-making processes. A Water Committee (Comité de la gestión del Agua) was established to foster the coordinated action among stakeholders and to pave the way for joint monitoring in the island that can optimize the efforts for water quality assessment and protection. Shared procedures for data collection, sample analysis, evaluation and data assessment by an open-access geodatabase were proposed and implemented for the first time as a prototype in order to improve accountability and outreach towards civil society and water users. The overall results reveal the high potential of a well-structured and effective joint monitoring approach within a complex, multi-stakeholder framework.
Impact of biopower generation on eastern US forests
Authors: Mirzaee Ashkan , McGarvey Ronald G. , Aguilar Francisco X. , Schliep Erin M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiopower, electricity generated from biomass, is a major source of renewable energy in the US. About ten percent of US non-hydro renewable electricity in 2020 was generated from biomass. Despite significant growth in woody biomass use for electricity in recent decades, a systematic assessment of associated impacts on forest resources is lacking. This study assessed associations between biopower generation, and selected timberland structure indicators and carbon stocks across 438 areas surrounding wood-using and coal-burning power plants in the Eastern US from 2005 to 2017. Timberland areas around plants generating biopower were associated with more live and standing-dead trees, and carbon in their respective stocks, than comparable areas of neighboring plants only burning coal. We also detected an inverse association between the number of biopower plants and number of live and dead trees, and respective carbon stocks. We discerned an upward temporal trajectory in carbon stocks within live trees with continued biopower generation. We found no significant differences related to the amount of MWh biopower generation within the analysis areas. Net impacts of biopower descriptors on timberland attributes point to a positive trend in selected ecological conditions and carbon balances. The upward temporal trend in carbon stocks with longer generation of wood-based biopower may point to a plausibly sustainable contribution to the decarbonization of the US electricity sector.