bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Framework for Road Data Surveying Based on Deep-learning and GIS
Authors: Wanniarachchi S. , Kalpana H. N. , Jayasinghe A. , Bandara S. 
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a novel framework for road data surveying and 3D urban visualisation based on deep-learning technologies, open data, and GIS techniques. Existing road inventory preparation methods are time-consuming, labour-intensive, inefficient, and lack an acceptable method for 3D urban visualisation in Sri Lanka. Thus, modern approaches are not applicable due to a lack of resources, technology, and financial capacity; the proposed framework will enable us to overcome these weaknesses. The study comprised of three main stages: a literature review, development of the framework, and its validation in Ranna area. The framework was applied to two consecutive model validation events: the first related to the road data surveying model and the second to the 3D urban visualisation model. Its proposed returned KAPPA Accuracy Scores were 92% and 90% respectively. The findings of this study further the use of cutting-edge deep learning and mapping techniques in transport and urban planning, making the preparation of road inventory surveys and 3D urban visualisations more cost-effective and efficient. Transport engineers, urban and regional planners, geographers, and GIS experts can employ the proposed framework for road data collection and 3D urban visualisation.
Effectiveness of non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis
Authors: Susanto David , Mawuntu Arthur H. P. , Warouw Finny , Wariki Windy M. V. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To examine the differences in effectiveness and side effects between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis since the availability of pyrimethamine in Indonesia is currently limited due to its withdrawal from the market.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-synthesis study that was carried out by following a protocol guided by the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Effectiveness measures included clinical improvement, mortality, and radiological improvement. We evaluated selected articles narratively because of the limitations of homogeneity. The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCT (ROB 2.0) and cohort studies were assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-1) tool. Research quality was assessed using the GradePro software.

Results:
We included two retrospective cohort studies and one RCT. Narrative outcome assessment in these three studies did not show significant difference in effectiveness between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis treatment. However, drug side effects were consistently higher in the pyrimethamine-based regimen.

Conclusions:
This study has a high risk of bias. The quality of the research also has a low recommendation value. However, the results may be considered for application if a standard regimen is not available.
Larvicidal activity of the pericarp extract of Garcinia mangostana against dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunathilaka Nayana , Wijebandara Yashoda , Amerasinghe Deepika , Udayanga Lahiru , Muhandiramlage Thusitha P. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To assess the larvicidal activity of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) against larval stages of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Methods:
A crude extract was prepared in ethanol from powdered mangosteen pericarps. A concentration gradient (0.01-4.92 g/ L) was prepared from the stock solution. Seven batches of 25 third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti were used for larval bioassays. Larval mortality rates were observed after one and 24 hours. Cholesterol and total lipid contents in 20 randomly selected dead larvae at each trial were assessed by colorimetric method. The experimental setup was repeated five times. The General Linear Model and Probit analysis were used to evaluate the relationship of mortality with cholesterol level, total lipid level and cholesterol to total lipid ratio.

Results:
The percentage mortalities significantly varied with different concentrations (F732=385.737; P<0.001). The LC50 and LC99 values were (0.041 ± 0.006) g/L and (10.616 ± 1.758) g/L, respectively after 24-hours. There was no mortality recorded within the one-hour exposure time. Only the cholesterol content (F524=173.245; P<0.001) in larvae exposed to different concentrations denoted a significantly decreasing trend within 24hour exposure. Larvae that were exposed to the lowest concentration (0.55 g/L) showed a higher cholesterol level (22.67 ± 1.33) μg.

Conclusions:
The Garcinia mangostana extract acts as an effective sterol carrier protein inhibitor that inhibits cholesterol uptake in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Hence, it could be explored for use as a key source for the development of an environment-friendly plant-based larvicide.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunanayake Lilani , Balaji Veeraraghavan , Gunawardana K.D.N. , Varghese Rosemol , Ariram Vayishnavi , Dassanayake Malka , Francis Vaithehi Rajeevan , Yapa Lakmini , Herath Chamika , Chandrasiri Nambage Shirani , Wimalagunawardhana Priyanka , Namalie K. Dhananja , Hapuarachchi C.T. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria (N.) meningitidis and Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae in Sri Lankan patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 11 blood culture specimens from suspected patients with invasive meningococcal disease and 26 S. pneumoniae clinical isolates. We tested 6 antimicrobials against N. meningitidis and 12 antimicrobials against S. pneumoniae. Meningococcal serogroup was determined by realtime PCR and Quellung serotyping was used for pneumococcal analysis.

Results:

N. meningitidis serogroup B was the most common in this study. Intermediate-susceptibility to penicillin was seen in 75.0% (6/8) of strains. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole was 62.5% (5/8), 62.5% (5/8) and 87.5% (7/8), respectively. Excellent susceptibility was seen in cefotaxime and meropenem. In S. pneumoniae, the most common serotype was 19F in both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases. The majority of strains showed multidrug resistance. Penicillin non-susceptibility in non-meningeal strains were 13.6% and all meningeal strains were penicillin resistant. Erythromycin was highly resistant in both groups. Amoxicillin showed excellent susceptibility in non-invasive pneumococcal diseases strains. Linezolid, levofloxacin and vancomycin showed 100.0% susceptibility in all pneumococcal isolates.

Conclusions:
Implementation of vaccines should be considered, especially for children and high-risk populations. This may contribute to reducing pneumococcal and meningococcal invasive disease burden and help prevent emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains.
Effect of a 12-week Community-based Intervention to Improve Social Capital, Quality of Life, Self-care, and Health Literacy among Older People
Authors: Taherian Ziba , Motamedi Narges 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a community-based intervention on social capital, quality of life, self-care, and health literacy among elderly.

Materials and Methods:
This quasi-experimental trial was conducted at two health-care centers in Isfahan, Iran, which assigned to the intervention and control groups. A total of 86 elderly (60 years or above) enrolled in the study. The intervention program consisted of 12 weekly group sessions with various health topics. Nine sessions held in the health-care center and three local tours in different locations of the neighborhood. The control group received routine care of health centers. Social capital, quality of life, self-care, and health literacy were assessed at baseline and 1 month after the intervention in two groups.

Results:
Mental component of quality of life (P = 0.026), self-care, and health literacy (P < 0.001) showed a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group at 1 month after the intervention. The total score of social capital and the dimensions of local community participation, social agency, feelings of security and trust, interactions with neighbors, and interactions with family and friends improved in the intervention group (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the dimensions of tolerance of diversity (P = 0.241) and value of life (P = 0.928).

Conclusions:
This community-based interventions with a variety of diverse and participatory components can be used as a strategy to promote the health of the elderly in primary health care.
The Acute Effects of Different doses of Tramadol on Neuronal Activity of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Rats
Authors: Hasanpour Razmanjani Neda , Reisi Parham 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Tramadol is an opioid analgesic with monoamine reuptake inhibitory effects. Although tramadol has been widely used to control pain, there is controversy about the risk of abuse. Therefore, in the present study, the acute effects of tramadol on neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which is one of the important centers of the reward system, were investigated electrophysiologically.

Materials and Methods:
Tramadol was injected interperitoneally (12.5 and 25 mk/kg) or subcutaneously (40 mg/kg) and its effect on the firing of mPFC neurons was investigated, using in vivo extracellular single unit recording.

Results:
Tramadol could not significantly affect neural activity in mPFC, suggesting no acute and rapid effect on mPFC.

Conclusions:
The present results showed that neural activity in mPFC was not rapidly affected by acute application of tramadol. Since the role of mPFC in tramadol addiction has been elucidated, it can be concluded that these effects may be due to delayed responses or chronic use of tramadol.
Apnoeic Oxygenation during Simulated Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients
Authors: Mohanty Rakesh , George Leah Raju , George Sajan Philip , Babu Malavika 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Apnoeic oxygenation is an established method of increasing safe apnoea times during intubation and this is of more importance in obese patients. The usefulness of buccal Ring, Adair and Elwyn (RAE) oxygenation has been established in previous studies, however a head-to-head comparison with nasal cannula (NC) is lacking.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare apnoea time with buccal RAE (BR) versus NC in obese patients.

Setting and Design:
This was a prospective, nonblinded randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary hospital where fifty American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Class I and II, obese patients with body mass index ≥30, posted for elective surgery were included.

Materials and Methods:
Following adequate preoxygenation and standard induction of anaesthesia, a prolonged simulated difficult laryngoscopy was performed during which oxygen was provided via either BR or NC. The primary outcome was time to desaturation to <95% or 10 min, which ever occurred first. Other outcomes recorded were lowest saturation, time to resaturation and highest end tidal carbon di oxide.

Statistical Analysis:
Mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with inter quartile range were used for continuous variables and absolute number with percentage were used for categorical variables. The primary outcome was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and log-rank tests were applied.

Results:
Patient characteristics were similar in both arms. The mean apnoea time in seconds (SD) in the BR group, 375.3 (116.6) was higher than the NC group 316.1 (94.1), P = 0.054. From the Kapan Meier curves the probability of desaturating to <95% was earlier in the NC group than the BR group (P = 0.092). The other outcomes were similar in both groups.

Conclusion:
This is the first study that demonstrates that oxygenation via a BR is better than NC in providing apnoeic oxygenation in obese patients and can safely be used when NC are contraindicated.
Initial report of a clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficiency of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas
Authors: Lin Fuhua , Guo Chengcheng , Yang Qunying , Chen Yinsheng , Ke Chao , Sai Ke , Zhang Ji , Jiang Xiaobing , Hu Wanming , Xi Shaoyan , Zhou Jian , Li Depei , Zhou Zhihuan , Zhao Qinqin , Cao Xi , Chen Zhong-ping 
Published: March 2022

Background
-

and
-

Aim:
High-grade glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the central nervous system. Multiple strategies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been used, but the prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma remains poor. No standard treatment exists for recurrent gliomas; however, combination therapies of programmed cell death protein 1 blockades with antiangiogenic agents have demonstrated promising effects in different solid tumors. Therefore, since the end of 2020, a clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of neoadjuvant therapy using camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas has been carried out in our institution.

Methods/Design:
In this prospective, Phase II, single-arm study, patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas will receive single-dose intravenous injection of camrelizumab (200 mg) and daily oral administration of apatinib (250 mg/day for 7 days) 14 days before reoperation for tumor resection. Sequential therapy will begin 2 weeks after surgery with the biweekly injection of camrelizumab and 4 weeks after surgery with the daily administration of apatinib. Treatment of camrelizumab and apatinib will be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or death. The primary outcome measure will be the median overall survival rate. Secondary outcome measures will include progression-free survival rate at 6 months and at 12 months and other measures. The trial is planned to enroll 30 patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou, China; approval No. SL-B2020-149-01) on July 27, 2020.

Results
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and
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Conclusions:
Although an evaluation is still impossible to be conducted yet, 11 patients had been enrolled by the end of January 2022. Some patients have shown a promising outcome. These preliminary data suggest that this study would be worthwhile. We hope that this study will provide scientific evidence to better care of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

Trial
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registration:
This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04588987 on October 19, 2020.
Improvement of the Nurses' Awareness toward Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Based on Evidence Guidelines
Authors: ALaswad Zainab Mohamed , Bayoumi Magda 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection that occurs as complication in patients who are connected to Mechanical Ventilation (MV). Nurses in intensive care unit (ICU) should be updated with the latest evidence-based practice to prevent such complication. This study aimed to assess improvement of the nurses' awareness toward ventilator-associated pneumonia based on latest evidence guidelines.

Methods:
A quantitative pretest-posttest design has been conducted. Using a convenience sample of 58 nurses who are working in the ICU were recruited. Tools: A self-administrative questionnaire was adapted to assess the nurse's knowledge about VAP and VAP prevention bundle.

Results:
The results highlighted that all ICU nurses had improvement of knowledge level pre-post regarding VAP (p <0.001), VAP prevention (p <0.001), and the overall knowledge score improvement revealed significantly higher after the educational program (p <0.001).

Conclusion:
Periodic refreshing on-services education program should be provided to nurses in ICU to improve their knowledge and to maintain high level of information, moreover hospital policies should include updated guidelines for VAP prevention bundle and protocol from international evidence.
Lipid Accumulation Product Better Predicts Metabolic Status in Lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome than that by Visceral Adiposity Index
Authors: Banu Hurjahan , Morshed Md. Shahed , Sultana Tania , Shah Sukanti , Afrine Shazia , Hasanat M. A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Both visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) can be used to assess insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) which are required for management of even lean polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (body mass index [BMI] <23 kg/m2).

Aim:
This study was aimed to see the magnitude of associations of VAI and LAP with cardiometabolic risk factors including IR and MetS in lean PCOS.

Study Setting and Design:
This cross-sectional study was done amongst 62 newly detected lean PCOS patients and 58 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:
PCOS was diagnosed according to the Revised 2003 Rotterdam Consensus criteria. Along with relevant clinical data, fasting blood was taken to measure glucose, insulin and lipid profile by glucose oxidase, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-peroxidase method, respectively. IR was calculated by homeostasis model of IR (HOMA-IR). VAI and LAP were calculated from BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by using sex-specific formulae.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Linear and binary regression analyses and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analyses were done as appropriate.

Results:
Only LAP had predictive associations with age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Both VAI and LAP had predictive associations with history of subfertility and MetS. LAP had moderate discriminating index for IR with cut-off of HOMA-IR of 2.3. Both VAI and LAP had excellent discriminating index for MetS in lean PCOS patients.

Conclusions:
LAP had more associations with cardiometabolic risks than VAI and was a moderate discriminator of IR in lean PCOS.
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Phenotypes and their Ovulation Response to Sequential Letrozole Dose Escalation among Infertile Women at a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India
Authors: Khurana Abha , Swamy M. V. , Mitra Sujoy , Srinivas Sangisapu , Nagaraja N. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) often have anovulatory infertility requiring ovulation induction with letrozole.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phenotypic categorisation of infertile PCOS women and to assess ovulatory response and pregnancy rates of PCOS phenotypes with sequential letrozole dose escalation.

Study Setting and Design:
This was a prospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred seventy-five infertile PCOS women were enrolled. One hundred fifty-six women received ovulation induction as per the protocol with sequential letrozole dose escalation in each subsequent cycle (2.5 mg, 5 mg and 7.5 mg). Responses were assessed by ovulation and/or pregnancy.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were elaborated by means, medians, frequencies and percentages. Group comparisons and linear correlation between two continuous variables were done using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
Eighty-seven (49.7%) women were Phenotype A; 11 (6.3%) were Phenotype B; 20 (11.4%) were Phenotype C and 57 (32.6%) were Phenotype D in our study. After excluding the lost to follow up participants in each induction cycle, 33.3% (2.5 mg dose); 62.8% (5 mg dose) and 78.9% (7.5 mg dose) women responded to letrozole. A significant increase in ovulation to escalating letrozole doses was noted (Phenotype A: 35.1% to 2.5 mg, 53.7% to 5 mg and 72.7% to 7.5 mg; Phenotype B: 30% to 2.5 mg and 80% to 5 mg; Phenotype C: 35.3% to 2.5 mg and 87.5% to 5 mg and Phenotype D: 30.8% to 2.5 mg, 65.6% to 5 mg and 87.5% to 7.5 mg). Fifty-six of 156 (35.9%) infertile PCOS women achieved pregnancy; increase in pregnancy rates with escalated doses of letrozole was noted.

Conclusion:
All PCOS phenotypes show a similar response to escalating doses of letrozole. The role of phenotypic sub-categorisation for variable response to letrozole as an ovulation-inducing agent is uncertain.
Role of Female Age in Regulating the Effect of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on the Live Birth Rates in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles with Own and Donor Oocytes
Authors: Repalle Deepthi , Saritha K. V. , Bhandari Shilpa , Chittora Megha , Choudhary Jitendra 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sperm DNA integrity assessment has been progressively used as an unfettered measure of sperm as it proffers more prognostic and diagnostic information than routine semen analysis. The contentious effect of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on clinical outcomes can be attributed to female factors such as age, oocyte quality and ovarian reserve.

Aims:
The study is mainly aimed to know the influence of SDF on the live birth rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with own and donor oocytes. Second, to know the role of female age in regulating the effect of SDF on the live birth rates in ICSI cycles with own and donor oocytes.

Setting and Design:
A prospective cohort study was done at our tertiary care centre attached to the reproductive medicine unit in medical college.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 356 patients who underwent first ICSI cycles either with own or donor-oocytes along with day 5 fresh embryo transfers only. The main outcome measures were live birth rates and miscarriage rates.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-squared test was used to compare the categorical variables between the groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was developed to correlate the female age with the live birth rate.

Results:
A significant decrease in the live birth rates (42.85% vs. 26.15%, P = 0.023) and an increase in the miscarriage rates (12.30% vs. 34.61%, P = 0.013) were observed in the high-SDF group ICSI cycles of own-oocyte patients. However, there was no significant difference in the live birth rates and miscarriage rates in the low- and high-SDF groups of donor oocyte ICSI cycle patients (P > 0.05). The own-oocyte ICSI cycle patients were further stratified based on the female age. In the female age group ≤30 years there was no significant difference in the live birth and miscarriage rates (P > 0.05) similar to donor oocyte ICSI cycles. Whereas, there was a significant difference in the live birth rates in the females of age >30 years (13.79% vs. 34.37%, P = 0.040).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, high-SDF has a negative influence on the live birth rates and a positive influence on the miscarriage rates in patients with own-oocyte ICSI cycles. A similar influence was not observed in patients with donor-oocyte ICSI cycles and in young female patients (age ≤30 years) with own-oocyte ICSI cycles.