bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Safety of Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy for Major Malformations
Authors: Cohen Jacqueline M. , Alvestad Silje , Cesta Carolyn E. , Bjørk Marte‐Helene , Leinonen Maarit K. , Nørgaard Mette , Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Engeland Anders , Gissler Mika , Karlstad Øystein , Klungsøyr Kari , Odsbu Ingvild , Reutfors Johan , Selmer Randi M. , Tomson Torbjörn , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Zoega Helga , Furu Kari 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine the comparative safety of antiseizure medication (ASM) monotherapy in pregnancy with respect to risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs), overall and by MCM subtype.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study using national health register data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden (1996–2020). We compared pregnancies with first trimester exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy to ASM‐unexposed, carbamazepine, valproate, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, and topiramate to lamotrigine monotherapy, and stratified monotherapy groups by dose. The outcome was nongenetic MCM and specific subtypes. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with log‐binomial regression and propensity score weights.ResultsThere was a higher crude risk of any MCM in pregnancies exposed to lamotrigine monotherapy (n = 8,339) compared to ASM‐unexposed pregnancies (n = 4,866,362), but not after confounder adjustment (aRR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87–1.08). Compared to lamotrigine, there was an increased risk of malformations associated with valproate (n = 2,031, aRR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.70–2.46) and topiramate (n = 509, aRR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.26–2.60), which increased in a dose‐dependent manner. We found no differences in malformation risk for carbamazepine (n = 2,674, aRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.72–1.15), oxcarbazepine (n = 1,313, aRR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.83–1.44), or levetiracetam (n = 1,040, aRR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.53–1.13). Valproate was associated with several malformation subtypes, including nervous system, cardiac, oral clefts, clubfoot, and hypospadias, whereas lamotrigine and carbamazepine were not.InterpretationTopiramate is associated with an increased risk of MCM similar to that associated with valproate, but lower doses may mitigate the risks for both drugs. Conversely, we found no increased risks for lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or levetiracetam, which is reassuring. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:551–562
Site‐Selective C−H Allylation of Alkanes: Facile Access to Allylic Quaternary sp3‐Carbon Centers
Authors: Yang Yong , Liu Shaopeng , Li Shuang , Liu Zhaohong , Liao Peiqiu , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Lu Ying , Gao Jiaojiao , Bi Xihe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe construction of allylic quaternary sp3‐carbon centers has long been a formidable challenge in transition‐metal‐catalyzed alkyl‐allyl coupling reactions due to the severe steric hindrance. Herein, we report an effective carbene strategy that employs well‐defined vinyl‐N‐triftosylhydrazones as a versatile allylating reagent to enable direct assembly of these medicinally desirable structural elements from low‐cost alkane feedstocks. The reaction exhibited excellent site selectivity for tertiary C−H bonds, broad scope (>60 examples and >20 : 1:0 r. r.) and good efficiency, even on a gram‐scale, making it a convenient alternative to the well‐known Trost–Tsuji allylation reaction for the formation of alkyl–allyl bonds. Combined experimental and computational studies were employed to unravel the mechanism and origin of site‐ and chemoselectivity of the reaction.
Metal–organic framework/sulfur‐doped graphene oxide nanocomposite for high efficiency electrochemical double‐layer capacitors
Authors: Khakpour Fariborz , Ghafouri Taleghani Hamidreza , Soleimani Lashkenari Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

The use of highly porous electrode substances is very useful for high efficiency electrochemical double‐layer capacitors. Therefore, this work was presented an electrochemical nanocomposite material consisting of ZIF‐8 crystals deposited on sulfur‐doped graphene oxide nanosheets for supercapacitor applications. To confirm the synthesis of products, the preparation materials were examined by different physicochemical characterization techniques. The efficiency of the fabricated samples as supercapacitor electrode materials was probed by electrochemical analysis. The results show improvement in electrochemical capacitance, power, and energy densities of S‐doped‐GO/ZIF‐8 (SGZ) nanocomposite. The power density of 231 W/kg, the specific capacitance of 261 F/g, and the energy density of 13.4 W h/kg with cyclic stability of 102% following 1000 cycles for SGZ nanocomposite make it a good candidate for electrochemical applications.
Preparation of lightweight and high‐strength polypropylene‐based ternary conductive polymer foams by in situ microfiber reinforcement
Authors: He Jianyun , Ma Yitao , Xie Jinzhao , Wu Gaojian , Yang Weimin , Xie Pengcheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConductive polymer composites (CPCs) have demonstrated significant potential in the aerospace, electronics, and communications industries. In this study, polypropylene (PP)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) binary composites and in situ fiber reinforced multicomposites made from PP/MWCNTs were fabricated by microcellular injection molding. In addition to crystallization behavior, foam morphology, mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites were analyzed. According to the results, microporous structures can facilitate the distribution of conductive fillers, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic shielding performance and mechanical properties of the composite. In situ microfiber networks display a heterogeneous nucleation effect, resulting in an increase in foam density, which improves composite performance. In situ fiber‐reinforced microporous multicomposites are capable of exhibiting higher elongation at break and electromagnetic shielding properties than binary systems, and the multicomposites can achieve greater electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) with fewer conductive fillers. Ultimately, fiber‐reinforced microporous composites with an elongation at break of 194.40%, an electromagnetic shielding effect of >20 dB, and an absorption mechanism are produced. A feasible method is presented in this study for preparing CPCs that produce light weight, excellent mechanical properties, and high electromagnetic SE at low filler levels.
Direct rapid formation of polyacrylonitrile/lithium chloride antibacterial nanofiber for liquid desiccant air‐conditioning systems with ‘island nozzle’
Authors: Zhao Jingli , Wang Jiaona , Sun Xun , Gao Jie , Cao Donglin , Wang Jie , Wang Yiyang , Shi Xidai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquid desiccant air‐conditioning system has received increasing attention due to the urgent demand for humidity control and antibacterial in today's medical environment. In this system, the main parameters affecting the dehumidification performance are the specific surface area, hydrophilicity and wettability of the packing material, and the nanofiber membrane has those characteristics. Here, polyacrylonitrile/lithium chloride nanofiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning with island nozzle. The nanofiber membrane had the dehumidification capacity with moisture absorption of 3.72 g/g. Simultaneously, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was higher than 99%, which satisfied the specifications for air purification antibacterial materials in the medical and health sectors (GB/T 18801‐2015). More importantly, the weight per unit time and the thickness per unit area of the nanofiber membrane fabricated with island nozzle were 2.4 times and 3.4 times of those fabricated with single nozzle, respectively, indicating that the preparation efficiency was significantly improved, which provided a scheme for the rapid formation of nanofiber membranes.
Carbon black distribution driven by its concentration and its effect on physico‐mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber miscible rubber blends
Authors: Vayyaprontavida Kaliyathan Abitha , Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Thomas Sabu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the influence of partitioning of carbon black (CB) with its increasing concentration (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr) on physical and static mechanical properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)/Butadiene Rubber (BR) rubber–rubber blends (RRB's) in 70SBR:30BR blend ratio. Partitioning of CB towards BR in CB‐filled SBR/BR RRB's is quantitatively determined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DMA confirmed increased partitioning of CB towards BR phase with increasing CB. DMA data on the partitioning of CB towards BR were in good agreement with nuclear magnetic spectra obtained by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SS‐NMR spectroscopy). Curing properties, relative density, hardness, tensile test, tear test, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on CB filled SBR/BR RRB's were carried out to determine the effect of increasing concentration of CB on physical, mechanical, and dispersion characteristics in comparison to neat SBR/BR RRB's.
Kinetics and thermodynamics studies on thermal degradation of differently treated starch nanoparticles and estimation of the OH groups and H2O content on particle surface
Authors: Chutia Hemanta , Mahanta Charu Lata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe low thermodynamics and thermal decomposition kinetics properties of native starch (NS) make it unsuitable for use in food industries. Whether these properties are improved after converting the starch into nanoparticles (StNP) using ultrasonication treatment (UST), high‐pressure homogenization (HPH), and StNP enrichment with carotenoids are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The onset melting temperature and peak temperature of both peaks for HPH, UST and carotenoids enriched StNP are higher than the native one. First order model based on random nucleation with one nucleus on the individual particle is found to be best fitted to describe the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of all StNPs. The activation energy value ranges from 143.857–162.481 and the values increase with treatment severity. Reactive hydroxyl groups present on the StNP surface increases after treatments (1037.488 to 1307.742 mg OH per 1 g of starch). Surface water amount also increases after the treatments except for carotenoids‐enriched StNP. This study enables the estimation of the temperature conditions needed to obtain the desired properties. The results reveal the scope for developing thermally stable StNPs with desirable kinetics properties, which will be useful to overcome the disadvantages of NS in the food industries.
Structural, thermal and dielectric properties of 2D layered Ti3C2Tx (MXene) filled poly (ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate) (EMA) nanocomposites
Authors: Malik Rajasmita , Parida Rajanikanta , Parida Bichitra Nanda , Nayak Nimai C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLight‐weight and flexible 2D MXene‐based polymer materials with low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant have drawn great attention in the power systems and modern electronic field. A series of Ti3C2Tx/EMA composites were fabricated via simple solution casting followed by a compression molding method with various mass concentrations of Ti3C2Tx (0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 wt%). Morphological and micro structural properties of the prepared composites were studied via X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), where the distribution of Ti3C2Tx in the Ti3C2Tx/EMA composites was confirmed. Thermal behaviors were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) investigations. The DSC analysis reveals that the % of crystallinity decreases from 11.06 with 1 wt% to 5.68 with 15 wt%, where Ti3C2Tx acts as an efficient nucleating agent. TGA data confirm the enhancement of the thermal stability of the composites upon increasing in Ti3C2Tx loading. The room temperature electrical and dielectric behavior of the studied composites were examined in the frequency range of 100 Hz–5 MHz. In this work, the 10 wt% of Ti3C2Tx loaded poly (ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate) composite (EMA) showed higher dielectric permittivity (ε′ = 124.22) with lower dissipation loss (tan δ = 0.051) at 100 Hz among all weight percentages. The behavior of charge carriers in the prepared composites was studied by utilizing the impedance spectroscopy technique. The electrical parameters were calculated from the fitted Nyquist plots with a corresponding circuit model. I–V curves confirmed the conduction mechanisms of the composites. This beneficial enhancement in electrical properties recommends the composite can be utilized in flexible electronic storage devices.
A study on the effect of the collector properties on the fabrication of magnetic polystyrene nanocomposite fibers using the electrospinning technique
Authors: Mohan Aakanksha , Singhal Richa , Ramanan Sutapa Roy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe role of the collector properties in changing the fiber morphology in electrospinning has not been completely understood yet. In this work, we studied the effect of different collectors on the helicity of the magnetic polystyrene nanocomposite fibers containing superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Aluminum and ice were used as solid collectors. Ethanol, ethanol‐deionized (DI) water mixture, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X‐100, deionized water, and NaCl baths were used as liquid collectors. Ice, when surrounded by a conductive foil, produced excellent fiber alignment, but increased local humidity, inhibiting the continuous jet formation. The deionized water and NaCl bath exhibited minimum helicity. The surfactant bath produced different structures such as coiled, helical, and zig‐zag with varied diameters. Ethanol and DI/Ethanol baths were found to retain the structure of the deformed fiber formed due to jet instability. The helicity of the fibers was observed to increase with decreasing surface tension. Incorporation of the magnetic phase affected the viscosity of the polymer solution and the hydrophobicity of the polystyrene fibers further influencing the obtained morphologies.
Rapid seawater‐degradable PBSG/PVA blends: Easy water solubility and easy hydrolysis dual‐promoting degradation
Authors: Lu Bo , Zhen Zhi‐Chao , Liu Tian‐Yuan , Xu Peng‐Yuan , Wang Ge‐Xia , Huang Dan , Ji Jun‐Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to shorten the degradation incubation period of existing seawater‐degradable materials and achieve “disappearance” in seawater as soon as possible, based on the successful introduction of hydrolyzed sites GA into the PBS main chain to obtain the PBSG copolymer matrix, water‐soluble PVA is introduced to finally obtain a series of PBSG/PVA blends, aiming to promote the hydrolysis process of polyester matrix by the dual action of water‐soluble PVA and easily hydrolyzed site GA. Compared with pure polyester, PBSG/PVA blends exhibt rapid loss of mechanical properties, weight loss and molecular weight drop in seawater. Among them, PBSG50/PVA0588 = 50/50 with the fastest degradation rate completely loses its mechanical properties within 1 week, and its molecular weight decreases by about 97% after 417 days. In the first 51 days of degradation, the swelling and dissolution of PVA can effectively accelerate the decrease of the molecular weight of polyester matrix, and the Mn decreases by about 50%–80%, which is much higher than that of pure polyester (about 40%). After 417 days in the late stage of degradation, compared with PBS/PVA blends, the easy hydrolysis of GA promots the obvious degradation of the matrix, and the weight loss of matrix can reach 20%.
Outsiders on the storm: Precarity, persecution, and despair in Iranian political‐economic context
Authors: Shahbazi Nazanin , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Fathali Lavasani Fahimeh , Alimohammadi Amirali , Raghfar Hossein , Esmaeili Salaheddin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the political and socio‐economic origins of the psyche depends on examining hegemonic psychodynamics in society and their resonance in the mental space of individuals. This study explains the dominant psychic atmosphere of Iranian participants in the Iranian political and economic context. A qualitative study was conducted through deep interviews with 17 participants from both upper and lower social classes. Based on the results, it seems that through the encounter of citizens with each other and the dominant order, the implemented strategies lead to feelings of insecurity and precarity which loosen the social libidinal ties among citizens and hinder society from reaching integration and cohesion.
Comprehensive interval‐valued time series model with application to the S&P 500 index and PM2.5 level data analysis
Authors: Lin Liang‐Ching , Sung Hao , Lee Sangyeol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we develop comprehensive symbolic interval‐valued time‐series models, including interval‐valued moving average, auto‐interval‐regressive moving average, and heteroscedastic volatility models. These models can be flexibly combined to adapt more effectively to various situations. To make inferences regarding these models, likelihood functions were derived, and maximum likelihood estimators were obtained. To evaluate the performance of our methods empirically, Monte Carlo simulations and real data analyses were conducted using the S&P 500 index and PM2.5 levels of 15 stations in southern Taiwan. In the former case, it was found that the proposed model outperforms all other existing methods, whereas in the latter case, the residuals deduced from the proposed models provide more intuitively appealing results compared to the conventional vector autoregressive models. Overall, our findings strongly confirm the adequacy of the proposed model.
Quark matter phase diagram under the influence of strong magnetic fields with a nonlocal chiral model
Authors: Carlomagno Juan P. , Ferraris Sebastian A. , Gómez Dumm Daniel , Grunfeld Ana G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the phase diagram in the T − μ plane for quark matter under the influence of a strong uniform magnetic field , in the framework of a non‐local extension of the two‐flavor Polyakov–Nambu–Jona‐Lasinio model. We analyze the deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration transitions in the mean field approximation. For the considered parameterization, it is found that there is always a critical end point (CEP) in the T − μ plane that separates a first‐order transition line from a smooth crossover. The location of the CEP is studied as a function of the magnetic field.
Luminescent light diffuser for diffuse lighting applications
Authors: Witzmann Amy , Gordon Calum K. , Howarth Jesse , Unsworth Sophie , Rossi Aurélien , Hardy Jake , Price Michael B. , Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe lighting industry currently accounts for a significant proportion of all energy demand. Luminescent white lighting is often impure, inefficient, expensive, and detrimentally emits as a point source, meaning the light is emitted from a focused point. A luminescent light diffuser offers the potential to create a spatially broad lighting fixture. We developed a luminescent light diffuser consisting of three commercially available luminescent dye species (rhodamine 6G, fluorescein, 7‐diethylamino‐4‐methylcoumarin) dispersed within a polymer matrix (polyvinyl alcohol), or commercial paint, and coated on a planar waveguide. A Light‐emitting diode (LED) (385 nm) is directed into the waveguide which excites the luminescent species, coating the panel, creating a device that emits spatially broad pure white light. As the emission depends on escape cone emission from the waveguide, the device’s emission was found to depend highly on the coating film quality and components. We present two systems: a small 40 mm × 40 mm prototype, made using standard water‐soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), to study the underlying operational principles, and a 100 mm
100 mm device with optimized efficiency fabricated with a clear commercial paint. By doping the polymer matrix with scattering silica microparticles we achieved a maximum photon outcoupling efficiency of 78%, whilst maintaining colour purity with an increased device size of more than 300 times (compared with the input LED). This work shows that it is possible to construct an inexpensive and spatially broad lighting source, whilst maintaining colour purity at a low cost.
Mini‐ and macro‐scale direct perfusion bioreactors with optimized flow for engineering 3D tissues
Authors: Born Gordian , Plantier Evelia , Nannini Guido , Caimi Alessandro , Mazzoleni Andrea , Asnaghi M. Adelaide , Muraro Manuele G. , Scherberich Arnaud , Martin Ivan , García‐García Andrés 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBioreactors enabling direct perfusion of cell suspensions or culture media through the pores of 3D scaffolds have long been used in tissue engineering to improve cell seeding efficiency as well as uniformity of cell distribution and tissue development. A macro‐scale U‐shaped bioreactor for cell culture under perfusion (U‐CUP) has been previously developed. In that system, the geometry of the perfusion chamber results in rather uniform flow through most of the scaffold volume, but not in the peripheral regions. Here, the design of the perfusion chamber has been optimized to provide a more homogenous perfusion flow through the scaffold. Then, the design of this macro‐scale flow‐optimized perfusion bioreactor (macro‐Flopper) has been miniaturized to create a mini‐scale device (mini‐Flopper) compatible with medium‐throughput assays. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of the new chamber design, including a porous scaffold structure, revealed that Flopper bioreactors provide highly homogenous flow speed, pressure, and shear stress. Finally, a proof‐of‐principle of the functionality of the Flopper systems by engineering endothelialized stromal tissues using human adipose tissue‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells has been offered. Preliminary evidence showing that flow optimization improves cell maintenance in the engineered tissues will have to be confirmed in future studies. In summary, two bioreactor models with optimized perfusion flow and complementary sizes have been proposed that might be exploited to engineer homogenous tissues and, in the case of the mini‐Flopper, for drug testing assays with a limited amount of biological material.