bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bendamustine and pneumocystis pneumonia: A systematic review
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Mardani Masoud , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Gholipur‐Shahraki Tahereh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBendamustine, a bifunctional mechlorethamine alkylating agent, is used in the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies. Myelosuppression and cytotoxic effect arises quite often after bendamustine treatment. To date, there have been no recommendations for routine chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients under treatment with this agent. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the existing data on bendamustine effects on pneumocystis pneumonia.MethodEnglish papers were systematically reviewed using Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane library. There was no time constraint for the paper search. The used keywords included “Pneumonia, Pneumocystis”or “Pneumocystis Pneumonia”or “Pneumocystis jirovecii” and “Bendamustine hydrochloride or Bendamustine. “Through our search, 113 papers were found, 26 of which were chosen following a review of the titles and abstracts; ultimately, 10 were included in the research.ResultA total of 10 studies (out of 113 studies) were retrieved. The papers were classified into seven case reports, two clinical trials, and one retrospective analysis study. The case reports included 14 patients diagnosed with PCP after bendamustine administration between 2003 and 2019. The patients' mean age was with a range of 66.8. Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (including diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma) (n = 9, 60%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 4, 26.6%), and breast cancer (n = 2, 13.4%) were the most prevalent types of malignancy. Bendamustine, along with rituximab, were the most commonly prescribed chemotherapy regimens during the treatments. Finally, the mortality rate among the patients whose results were reported (n = 9) was 44.44% (n = 4).ConclusionThe present review described PCP infection in patients with malignancies after the treatment with bendamustine, a chemotherapeutic agent associated with lymphopenia. Further research is required to determine the PCP risk in patients with bendamustine treatment and identify individuals who may benefit from prophylaxis.
Synthetic money: Addressing the budget‐constraint issue
Authors: Kunkler Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA synthetic currency attempts to mimic a target currency with an optimal portfolio of other currencies, without having a position in the target currency. The original construction methodology of a synthetic currency imposed a budget constraint such that the portfolio weights sum to a non‐zero value, say. However, a synthetic currency is a portfolio of invariant currency indexes, rather than a portfolio of currency positions. In this article, we show that invariant currency indexes are tradable multilateral exchange rates. Consequently, the sum‐to‐x budget constraint unintentionally creates a non‐zero position in the target currency. We address this budget‐constraint issue by replacing the sum‐to‐x budget constraint with a sum‐to‐zero budget constraint, which correctly enforces a zero position in the target currency. Once the budget‐constraint issue is addressed, investors are faced with the fact that synthetic money is unable to mimic significant currency‐specific movements in target currencies.
Assessing the experience of dental students with an asynchronous online course about racism, cultural competence
Authors: Crawford Beverley A. , Hillier Amy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice (SP2) designed an asynchronous online course about racism and cultural competence to address student concerns about harmful interactions with peers across race/ethnicity. The Penn Experience Course establishes common language and concepts to facilitate difficult conversations about racism in the classroom and clinical spaces.MethodsThe course included six modules addressing the history of racism in the Philadelphia area and at the University of Pennsylvania: implicit bias and microaggressions; racism and other forms of oppression; gender identity and sexuality; construction of whiteness and white supremacy ideology; cultural humility, disparities, and equity; and access in healthcare. Students completed pre‐ and post‐course surveys about their likelihood of engaging with the neighborhood surrounding Penn, confidence discussing the topics covered, and general experience with the course.ResultsFour hundred forty‐nine students completed post‐course surveys, 220 of which could be linked to precourse survey responses. Overwhelmingly, students reported a positive experience with the course, an increase in their likelihood to engage with the Penn neighborhood, and increased confidence in discussing course topics with peers. Many students suggested incorporating synchronous discussion, while a smaller group expressed resentment about the focus on whiteness, white fragility, and anti‐Black racism. Several students of color expressed concern that the course centered the learning needs of white students.ConclusionAsynchronous online content offers an effective and efficient way of teaching dental students about the basics of cultural competence. Educators should anticipate resistance from some white students and the distinct learning needs of students of color.
Effects of different earthworm ecotypes on soil nutrients distribution under straw return management in a maize agroecosystem
Authors: Li Yanpei , Wang Jiao , Wen Shuhai , Shao Ming'an 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarthworms are among the most common soil macrofauna taxa in cropland areas in the Loess Plateau and exert a large influence on soil nutrient cycling. The impacts of earthworms are related to the way different earthworm ecotypes process the soil. However, there are relatively few studies on the differing impacts of earthworm ecotypes on soil nutrient dynamics. Here we carried out a field plot experiment to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients, microbial populations, and enzyme activity subjected to two ecological groups (epigeic and epi‐anecic) in a maize system under two typical straw return managements (straw mulching and incorporation). Epigeic (EP), epi‐anecic (EN), and the combined presence of epigeic and epi‐anecic earthworms (EM) increased soil nutrients, microbial populations, and enzyme activity and improved maize growth. Under the straw incorporation mode, the promotion effect of earthworm treatment shows: EM > EN > EP. Compared with CK, EM significantly increased the nutrient content of all soil layers, and the activities of invertase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase increased by 8.6%–38.5%, 5.8%–33.7%, 13.7%–32.4%, and 8.1%–36.2%, respectively. The abundance of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi increased by 21.8%–37.7%, 11.7%–43.6%, and 46.2%–58.1%, respectively. Under straw mulching conditions, EP significantly increased the nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial content in the 0–10‐cm soil layer. The results showed clear effects of the earthworm ecotype on soil fertility under different straw application methods. These findings are helpful for revealing the role of different earthworm ecotypes in the nutrient cycling processes of dryland farmland ecosystems.
A broadband single‐fed circularly polarized patch filtenna with high suppression level
Authors: Jin Huayan , Nie Shanshan , Wang Wenlei , Chin Kuo‐Sheng , Peng Liang , Luo Guo Q. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, a single‐fed circularly polarized patch antenna is presented, which features a large bandwidth and a high out‐of‐band suppression level, simultaneously. By loading a stacked patch and etching U‐shaped slots on the driven and stacked patches respectively, a high out‐of‐band suppression level can be obtained without any extra filtering circuits. Furtherly, to widen the bandwidth of the filtering CP patch, two T‐shaped slots and a stepped via‐line‐via feeding structure are introduced. Finally, for demonstration, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The measurements indicated a large impedance bandwidth of 35.7%, an axial‐ratio bandwidth of 10.8%, a peak gain of 8.5 dBic, and a high out‐of‐band suppression level of up to 28.5 dB in stopbands.
Monomer Transport in Emulsion Polymerization III Terpolymerization and Starved‐Feed Polymerization
Authors: Schork F. Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple mathematical model of the transport of monomer from the monomer droplets to the polymerizing polymer particles during batch emulsion homopolymerization has been developed and published previously. A Damkohler number for monomer transport in emulsion polymerization is proposed as the ratio of the maximum rate of polymerization divided by the maximum rate of monomer transport out of the monomer droplets. This Damkohler number is calculated from literature values for a number of common monomers. Following standard practice for the use of such a Damkohler number in other reaction‐with‐transport systems, monomers with a Damkohler number above 0.1 are considered to be transport limited. In a third paper the analysis is extended to batch binary copolymerization. Here the analysis is extended to the more industrially relevant cases of batch terpolymerization, starved‐feed copolymerization, and the combination of the two (starved‐feed terpolymerization).
Vertical electrical sounding data inversion using continuous ant colony optimization algorithm: A case study from Hassi R'Mel, Algeria
Authors: Bouchaoui Lyes , Ferahtia Jalal , Farfour Mohammed , Djarfour Nouredine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAmong the existing geophysical methods, the vertical electrical sounding remains a fast and economical way to detect groundwater resources. However, the interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding data often suffers from non‐uniqueness due to the ill‐posed nature of the inverse problem. In recent years, metaheuristic algorithms have been successfully used for solving ill‐conditioned and ill‐posed problems. This work presents a scheme that uses the continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) technique to invert vertical electrical sounding data. The ACOR is a global search algorithm that explores and finds the globally optimal solution over a search space by mimicking the behaviour of biological ants. The development of this algorithm was due to the requirement to interpret a set of vertical electrical sounding collected at the region of Hassi R'Mel (Algerian Sahara). The area has a particular geological/geoelectrical structure, which renders the interpretation of vertical electrical sounding challenging as standard inversion approaches tend to fail to recover a reliable resistivity model. The ACOR algorithm was initially tested with synthetic data from models simulating the geological/hydrogeological structure of the studied area. The results verified the robustness and stability of the ACOR algorithm even in the presence of a high level of noise. Furthermore, the tests indicated that the ACOR algorithm performed better when compared to other inversion techniques for this particular geoelectrical structure. Five vertical electrical sounding profiles using a Schlumberger array collected in the region of Hassi R'Mel were inverted using the ACOR algorithm. The models confirmed the presence of the two central aquifer systems and showed the geometry of the aquifer with the most favourable conditions for water accumulations.
Plant growth promotion by the interaction of a novel synthetic small molecule with GA‐DELLA function
Authors: Sukiran Nur Afiqah , Pollastri Susanna , Steel Patrick G. , Knight Marc R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynthesized small molecules are useful as tools to investigate hormonal signaling involved in plant growth and development. They are also important as agrochemicals to promote beneficial properties of crops in the field. We describe here the synthesis and mode of action of a novel growth‐promoting chemical, A1. A1 stimulates enhanced growth in both shoot and root tissues of plants, acting by increasing both dry and fresh weight. This suggests that A1 not only promotes uptake of water but also increases production of cellular material. A1 treatment of Arabidopsisleads to the degradation of DELLA growth‐inhibitory proteins suggesting that A1‐mediated growth promotion is dependent upon this mechanism. We performed genetic analysis to confirm this and further dissect the mechanism of A1 action upon growth in Arabidopsis. A quintuple dellamutant was insensitive to A1, confirming that the mode of action was indeed via a DELLA‐dependent mechanism. The ga1‐5gibberellin synthesis mutant was similarly insensitive, suggesting that to promote growth in ArabidopsisA1 requires the presence of endogenous gibberellins. This was further suggested by the observation that double mutants of GID1 gibberellin receptor genes were insensitive to A1. Taken together, our data suggest that A1 acts to enhance sensitivity to endogenous gibberellins thus leading to observed enhanced growth via DELLA degradation. A1 and related compounds will be useful to identify novel signaling components involved in plant growth and development, and as agrochemicals suitable for a wide range of crop species.
Electrical conductivity improved Cu2SnS3 thermoelectrics
Authors: Nakamura Shigeyuki , Funabiki Hiroyuki , Shiga Shinya 
Published: April 2022

Cu2SnS3 is an attractive earth abundant material for not only solar cells but also thermoelectrics because high thermoelectric performance is predicted by the first principle calculation. In our previous work, Cu2SnS3 is successfully synthesized by solid phase reaction with binary compounds and obtained a high Seebeck coefficient and a low thermal conductivity. However, a low electric conductivity results in a low figure of merit (ZT) of less than 0.1. In this work, CuS and In2S3 are added to starting materials to enhance the electrical conductivity and it has been improved by one order of magnitude.CuS and In2S3 addition enhance electrical conductivities.
Quartz modification by Zn ion implantation and swift Xe ion irradiation
Authors: Privezentsev Vladimir , Kulikauskas Vaclav , Didyk Alexander , Skuratov Vladimir , Steinman Edward , Tereshchenko Alexey , Kolesnikov Nikolay , Trifonov Alexey , Sakharov Oleg , Ksenich Sergey 
Published: April 2022

The quartz slides were implanted by 64Zn+ ions with dose of 5 × 1016/cm2 and energy of 100 keV. After implantation, the amorphous metallic Zn nanoparticles with an average radius of 3.5 nm were created. The sample surface becomes nonuniform, its roughness is increased and its values rise up to 6 nm compared to virgin state, and the roughness maximum is at a value of about 0.8 nm. The surface is made up of valleys and hillocks which have a round shape with an average diameter about 200 nm. At the center of these hillocks are pores with a depth up to 6 nm and a diameter of about 20 nm. After implantation in UV‐vis diapason, the optical transmission decreases while PL peak (apparently due to oxygen deficient centers) at wavelength of 400 nm increases. Then the samples were subjected to swift Xe ion irradiation with the fluences of 1 × 1012–7.5 × 1014/cm2 and energy of 167 MeV. After Xe irradiation, the sample surface roughness shat down to values of 0.5 nm and the roughness maximum is at a value of about 0.1 nm. Optical transmission in UV‐vis diapason increases. The PL peak at wavelength of 400 nm is decreased while a PL peak at wavelength of 660 nm is raised. This peak is presumably due to non‐bridging oxygen hole centers or/and NPs with structure Si(core)/SiO2(shell).HRTEM image of Zn‐implanted quartz subsurface layer. One can see the Zn amorphous nanoparticles, which confirms the electron diffraction pattern (insert).
Early breakthrough of short‐chain perfluoroalkyl substances in adsorptive media treatment
Authors: Crawford Scott , Thomas Ryan , Taylor Fred , Dore Sophia , Marley Michael , Crawford Laurel , Occhialini Jim , McKnight Taryn , Farmer Norman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) adsorption continues to be the default technology to remove low levels of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, despite varying reports of the relatively early breakthrough of short‐chain PFAS and high operating costs. Ion‐exchange processes using regenerable and single‐use media have been emerging as practical alternatives which may provide improved treatment and system performance. However, long‐term performance with respect to the more difficult to remove short‐chain PFAS such as perfluorobutanoic acid and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid is less often reported. Treatability testing on PFAS‐impacted groundwater using batch‐equilibration reactors and column flushing apparatus experiments was implemented to compare removal efficiency, breakthrough, and longevity of various media, specifically for shorter chain PFAS. Adsorbents tested included surface‐modified natural media, synthetic resin, and AC. Results indicated that both surface modified natural media and AC achieved >99 percent removal of all detected PFAS after approximately 10,300‐bed volumes (16 weeks) of column flushing, and outperformed the selected resin under site‐specific conditions. In addition, unconventional breakthrough patterns (i.e., the breakthrough of longer chain PFAS before shorter chain PFAS) were observed for some PFAS including perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. The results of this study suggested that, while the generally accepted breakthrough patterns for PFAS can be reasonably anticipated, column flushing studies were preferred over batch sorption tests to reveal site‐specific or media‐specific breakthrough patterns that can impact overall performance.
Preferential transport of phosphorus from surface‐applied poultry litter in soils from karst and nonkarst landscapes
Authors: Katuwal Sheela , Ashworth Amanda J. , Moore Philip A. , Brye Kristofor , Schmidt Michael , Vanotti Matias , Owens Phillip Ray 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreferential transport of P in manure‐amended soils through soil macropores can be a substantial source of nonpoint P pollution, although studies quantifying P losses from intact soil columns are lacking. Large, intact soil columns (45 cm diam. by 100‐cm height) collected from karst and nonkarst landscapes (three replicates per soil) were used to evaluate the role of preferential flow in P leaching from surface‐applied poultry litter. Losses of P in leachate, dissolved P, and total P were quantified following poultry litter application (5.6 Mg ha–1) and three successive simulated rain events (3.9 cm h–1 for 2 h). Dissolved P constituted the major fraction of leachate‐P loss as more than 80% of TP, which peaked (5.61 mg L–1) following the first irrigation event after poultry litter application and decreased to about half (2.88 mg L–1) by the third irrigation event. Soils from the karst landscape had greater (p < .05) leachate volume and total leached P, with approximately six times greater losses occurring than nonkarst soils. Results indicate that the top 1 m of soil obtained from karst landscapes is vulnerable to vertical P transport into deeper soil layers. Therefore, soils with substantial preferential flow pathways may increase legacy P in subsurface soil and pose a threat to surface and groundwater over time.
Organic materials‐based cathode for zinc ion battery
Authors: Cui Huilin , Ma Longtao , Huang Zhaodong , Chen Ze , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe quest for advanced energy storage devices with cheaper, safer, more resource‐abundant storage has triggered intense research into zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Among them, organic materials as cathode materials for ZIBs have attracted great interest due to their flexible structure designability, high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. Although numerous organic electrode materials have been studied and different redox mechanisms have been proposed in the past decade, their electrochemical performance still needs further improvement, and the mechanisms require further exploration. This paper provides a systematical overview of three types of organic materials (bipolar‐type conductive polymer, n‐type conjugated carbonyl compounds, and p‐type material) on the energy storage mechanisms and distinct characteristics. We then focus on discussing the design strategies to improve electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the challenges and future research directions are discussed to provide a foundation for further developing organic‐based ZIBs.
International perspectives on faculty professional development
Authors: Groccia James E. , Gillespie Andrew R. , Mason Jennifer L. , Long Kalani A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreparing tomorrow's faculty members to respond to emerging challenges presented by the ever‐changing realities of international higher education requires faculty professional development that mirrors high‐impact practices advocated for tomorrow's students. Auburn University, through its Global Teaching Academy and International Perspectives on University Teaching and Learning Symposium, continues to provide opportunities to respond to these challenges to enhance learning for the world‐wide context.
Foreign‐ and US‐educated faculty members’ views on what constitutes excellent teaching: Effects of prior graduate training, rank, and teaching experience
Authors: Ismail Emad A. , Groccia James E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter compared views of US‐ and foreign‐educated faculty who teach in American universities on what represents excellent teaching using an online version of the teacher behavior checklist (TBC). Demographic criteria (including prior graduate training in teaching, rank, and teaching experiences) were used as bases for comparison. Both groups agreed on eight qualities of excellent teaching (although in different order) and the results underscore the role of prior graduate training in teaching, rank, and years of teaching experience in how faculty perceive excellent teaching. The results contribute novel and useful insights into the literature on master teaching as well as to faculty/instructional developers in higher education.
Universes of Learning (UoL) as creative educational experiences: Exploring the TSPACK and Renaissance Foundry Model as catalysts for learning transformations
Authors: Arce Pedro E. , Arce‐Trigatti Andrea , Loggins Lacy , Sanders J. Robby , Guerrero‐Pérez Juan S. , Bolaños Barrera Gustavo E. , Oyanader Mario A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes specific examples of the implementation of TSPACK framework in Foundry‐guided contexts using a case study approach, featuring applications in both regional and international contexts. As education shifts toward active learning, discovery processes, and collaboration across disciplines, a space that fosters the facilitation of such interaction is invaluable. The TSPACK framework paired with the Renaissance Foundry Model elevates space as an essential element for the exchange of ideas that fosters equitable opportunities for new knowledge construction.
An innovative approach to assessing student outcomes in internationalized education
Authors: Torres Belkys , Cozzolino Marzia , Lovorn Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the unique model and comprehensive approach to tracking, enhancing, and assessing students’ global learning outcomes at the University of Pittsburgh's University Center for International Studies (UCIS). In the conclusion, the authors provide a discussion of strengths and challenges of this model that will be particularly useful to institutions implementing similar models.