bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Arc Synthesis of Silicon Nanostructures
Authors: Timerkaev B A , Turutin V Y , Feltsinger V S , Zalyalieva A A , Vakhitov R R , Shamsutdinov R S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper proposes a method for the synthesis of silicon carbide of microscopic sizes and silicon Nano formations in the form of nanotubes and nanofilaments in an argon arc. Graphite electrodes with silicon inclusions were used as arc discharge electrodes. The electrodes were placed in a plasma reactor in an upright position at an argon pressure of 485 Torr. During the discharge, carbon and silicon atoms evaporated from the anode surface. As a result of the experiment, deposits of silicon carbide were formed on the surface of the graphite cathode, and carbon-silicon nanostructures were formed on the surface of the anode. The synthesized samples were analyzed on an electron microscope.
Optimization of the Conditions for the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Plasma Chemical Method
Authors: Shavaleeva S M , Uktamov Z A , Erlingayte E A , Nuriddinov K S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) have a lot of useful properties, thanks to which they are used in various fields of science, technology and medicine. The properties of such nanoparticles largely depend on the method of their synthesis. This paper presents the results of optimization the conditions for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by the plasma chemical method, as well as, clarifying the structure of the obtained samples. It is shown that the lack of air and the duration of the discharge affect the size and structure of the resulting particles. Analysis of the data obtained shows that synthesis in a vacuum chamber on graphite electrodes located inside a galvanived pipe at a pressure of 66, 7 k PA, a voltage of 20 V, DC power of 75 A is optimal for obtaining zinc oxide nanorods by the plasma chemical method.
About graphite evaporation dynamics caused by radiation in near zone of magnetoplasma compressor discharge
Authors: Pavlov A V , Shchepanyuk T S , Chebykin E O , Skriabin A S , Telekh V D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The results of processes above the surface of graphite samples which exposed with powerful vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation experimental studies are presented. The characteristic radiation exposure time was 3...100 μs, the radiation energy in the vacuum region of the spectrum was 1...2 kJ. The main characteristics of the processes were recorded on direct, shadow photographs and interferograms. The temporal dynamics of the expansion of the plasma layer formed during evaporation of the flat graphite targets surface by VUV radiation, as well as the dynamics of buffer gas compression and shock wave motion are analyzed. It is shown that the temperature of the carbon plasma above the samples surface reached 1 eV. Research is relevant in the fields of space, plasma technologies, the development of the element base of microelectronics and fundamental studies of the powerful radiation interaction with matter.
Impact of mask thickness on the imaging performance of the coded-aperture gamma camera
Authors: Zhu B. , Wang Z. , Zheng Z. , Zhou R. , Yang C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coded-aperture gamma imaging techniques have been applied
widely in several radiation monitoring fields. However, in terms of
the design of the coded-aperture mask, the category and rank of the
mask are generally considered, but there is a lack of detailed
research on selection of the appropriate mask thickness. Concretely,
the imaging performance is affected by the mask thickness in terms
of two factors: the full-field image quality of the overall field of
view (FOV), which represents the background noise tolerance of the
radioactive source; and the image brightness consistency, which
represents consistency of the imaging efficiency. We have studied
and analyzed these two imaging performance indexes in relation to
the mask thickness based on the model of our custom-made gamma
camera. Specifically, the full-field image quality initially
improves and later deteriorates with the mask thickness increases
from 0.1 mm to 30 mm because of the competition and the tradeoff
between the transmission background and the oblique irradiation
effect; the image brightness consistency initially descends, then
improves, and finally decreases again under the same conditions as a
result of the tradeoff between the improvement of the transmission
background ratio and deterioration of the oblique irradiation
coefficient ratio. Furthermore, these two indexes change trends are
both related to gamma-ray energy. Finally, based on a comprehensive
analysis of the imaging performance, the optimal thicknesses for the
customized W-Cu alloy modified uniformly redundant array masks for
59.5 keV, 662 keV, 1250 keV gamma-ray imaging are 0.5 mm, 10 mm,
and 16 mm, respectively.
Global assessment of land and water resource demand for pork supply
Authors: Govoni Camilla , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Luciano Alice , Pinotti Luciano , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Growing population and rising incomes are leading to an ever-increasing demand for animal-based foods. Pigmeat is currently the most consumed meat globally, even exceeding the consumption of poultry meat. Despite the disproportionate environmental burden of animal production—mostly attributable to associated feed demand, up-to-date country-scale quantifications of the land and water impacts of the concentrate feed (mainly cereals and soybean) and co-products required to support pig production are still missing. In addition, the specific role that international feed trade plays in separating resource use from consumption and in altering resource use efficiencies remains unclear. This paper analyses at a country-scale the internal and external consumption of natural resources (i.e. land and water) to support pig feed production in 2018. Combining data on the country- and production system-specific diets and crop-specific yields with an agro-hydrological model, we find that 64.1 Mha of agricultural land (5% of all croplands) and 332.6 km3 of water (both green and blue) (6% of all agricultural water use) were utilized by China, EU-27 and the United States (accounting for 70% of pigmeat production) to produce pig feed alone. Comparing domestic feed production scenarios with those that also consider the feed trade, we show that global resource consumption tends to be more efficient when considering international feed trade, especially in China and EU-27, while sometimes causing significant environmental impacts. This demonstrates the need to investigate the environmental effects of pig feed associated both with the domestic use of natural resources, but also to the ones displaced by international trade.
Variants of the flower pollination algorithm for inversion of schlumberger sounding curve
Authors: Raflesia F , Widodo  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a nature-inspired algorithm that mimics flowering plant pollination behavior. Yang created the FPA in 2012, and it has since proven to be superior to other metaheuristic algorithms. Many FPA variants have recently been developed through modification and hybridization. This paper provides FPA variants consisting of Modified Flower Pollination Algorithm (MFPA), elitism Flower Pollination Algorithm (eFPA), Dimension by Dimension Improvement Flower Pollination Algorithm (DDIFPA) and Flower Pollination Algorithm with Bee Pollinator (BPFPA). Validation of the code that has been created is done through simple model testing. All algorithms provide inversion results that are consistent with true value. The results of two synthetic models indicate that eFPA is the only algorithm that can reach the global optimum. Besides having the best level of accuracy, eFPA also has the best stability.
Geological and Isothermal 3-D Model of Blawan-Ijen Geothermal System
Authors: Aris Masdukhan , Suryantini  , Pratama Angga Bakti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Blawan-Ijen is one of the geothermal prospects in the eastern part of Java island, Indonesia. This prospect is situated in the caldera called the Kendeng caldera. The Blawan-Ijen has geothermal manifestations in two different locations, the Ijen crater in the southeast and Blawan in the northern part of the caldera. These manifestations are estimated to have different reservoirs. Different manifestations of characteristic and lithological complexity in the Kendeng caldera make the geothermal system contained in the caldera less known. Therefore, a 3D model was built on understanding the geometries of the Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. In this research, the model is limited to the geological and isothermal model. The data used in building the models are based on the literature and research data that has been done previously. Geological and isothermal models were built using Leapfrog Geothermal software. The 3D conceptual model provides a general overview of the geometries of the Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. The isothermal model shows temperature anomalies and their possible distribution.
Application of Geo-electrical Method in Preliminary Study for Earth Electrode Site Selection
Authors: Sumintadireja Prihadi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrical power transmission is usually done as high voltage transmission for efficiency. For that purpose, effective grounding is necessary especially at the location of the power transmission control center. To obtain a good connection to the ground, very conductive or low resistivity soil should be present up to an appropriate depth at the earth electrode site. In this paper we present the results of the geoelectrical survey performed in a candidate site in the southern part of South Sumatra province, Indonesia. The objective of this preliminary study is to delineate the most appropriate location for the grounding electrodes. Data acquisition for 2D resistivity tomography was done along several lines crossing the survey area. Low resistivity layer of 10 Ohm.m or less up to 50 m depth was found at the north-western sector of the area.
Application of Vertical Gravity Gradient to Delineate Groundwater Damage at Bandung Basin
Authors: Abdurrahman Dadi , Setianingsih  , Santoso Djoko , Kadir Wawan Gunawan A. , Dahrin Darharta , Isniarno Noor Fauzi , Amukti Rian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bandung basin is the center of the population at West Java, and several Industrial areasis. In supporting its sustainability, water needs is one of the factors that must be fulfilled. The water needs are obtained by taking water directly from groundwater. Excessive extraction of groundwater can cause damage, the impact of which is the more difficult it is to obtain groundwater and cause environmental disaster in the form of land subsidence. Using the vertical gravity gradient technique in the Bandung basin area is expected to map the critical groundwater damage zone. The results from the vertical gravity gradient area of the Bandung basin map, the region of groundwater with critical status are found in almost all cities, except in the Baleendah area to Ciparay and Soreang to the south of Cimahi.
Blanking of Stainless Steel
Authors: Pätzold I , Tröber P , Welm M , Volk W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Slug pulling, adhesion formation and edge fracture are major challenges in the sheet metal processing industry. They lead to a strong reduction in part quality, process stability as well as profitability. In this study, investigations are carried out on stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 to address the previous mentioned challenges. While slug pulling and edge fracture strongly depend on the geometric characteristics of active elements as well as the selection of process parameters, adhesion formation is mainly determined by temperature and thermoelectric currents. In this publication, the influence of the die channel geometry on the slug pulling effect and the part quality is investigated. Furthermore, the temperature profile over the shear cutting process as well as the resulting thermoelectric currents are determined for the test material. The relationship between edge crack sensitivity, shear cutting parameters and strategies is examined. These investigations thus form the basis for an improved understanding of the shear cutting of stainless steel.
Optimisation of deep drawn corners subject to hot stamping constraints using a novel deep-learning-based platform
Authors: Attar H R , Li N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
State-of-the-art hot stamping processes offer improved material formability and therefore have potential to successfully form challenging components. The feasibility of components to be formed through these processes is dependent on their geometric design and its complex interactions with the hot stamping environment. In industrial practice, trial-and-error approaches are currently used to update non-feasible designs where simulation runs are needed each time a design change is made. These approaches make the design process resource intensive and require considerable numerical and process expertise. To demonstrate a superior approach, this study presents a novel application of a deep-learning-based optimisation platform which adopts a non-parametric geometric modelling strategy. Here, deep drawn corner geometries from different geometry subclasses were optimised to minimise wasted volume due to radii while avoiding excessive post-stamping thinning. A neural network was trained to generate families of deep drawn corner geometries where each geometry was conditioned on an input latent vector. Another neural network was trained to predict the thinning distributions obtained from forming these geometries through a hot stamping process. Guided by these distributions, the latent vector, and therefore geometry, was iteratively updated by a new gradient-based optimisation technique. Overall, it is demonstrated that the platform is capable of optimising geometries, irrespective of complexity, subject to imposed post-stamped thinning constraints.
From effective-index model to phase-plate model
Authors: van Exter M P , Hissink E S , Koks C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In 1995, Hadley formulated an elegant effective-index model to describe the formation of transverse modes in optical cavities (Hadley 1995 Opt. Lett.
20 1483–5). We apply this model to Fabry–Perot cavities and discuss its limitations, using the well-known paraxial solutions of these cavities as reference. We also introduce a new model, which we call the phase-plate model, that has less limitations and yields the correct first-order correction to the resonance frequencies for longer cavities. The analysis uses scalar optical fields in the paraxial limit.
Cross-focusing of two chirped Gaussian laser beams and THz wave generation in plasmas of multi-ion species under a weakly relativistic and ponderomotive regime
Authors: JAFARI MILANI M R , REZAEI S , JAFARI M J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The generation of terahertz (THz) waves via the beating of two high-intensity chirped Gaussian lasers in a multi-ion-species plasma is numerically studied by taking into account the weak relativistic and ponderomotive regime of interaction. The coupled differential equations for beamwidth parameters are extracted by introducing the dielectric function of such plasma and using WKB and paraxial ray approximations. The amplitude of THz radiation at beat frequency resulting from the nonlinear current density induced by the beat ponderomotive force of the cross-focusing of beams was obtained. The impacts of the chirp frequency parameter, initial laser intensity and initial ionic species density (specifically, the presence of singly and doubly charged ions) in the plasma on THz generation were discussed. Our numerical results reveal that THz radiation generation strongly depends on the chirp frequency parameter. A specific range of chirp frequencies exists for self-focusing as well as THz generation with a ‘turning point’, where the THz emission reaches its maximum value. The results show that the strength of self-focusing and consequently the generated THz radiation are reduced by increasing the density of doubly charged ionic species in the plasma due to the suppression of the nonlinear effects.
Do Side Effects to the Primary COVID-19 Vaccine Reduce Intentions for a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster?
Authors: Geers Andrew L , Clemens Kelly S , Colagiuri Ben , Jason Emily , Colloca Luana , Webster Rebecca , Vase Lene , Seig Mette , Faasse Kate 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVaccines are being administered worldwide to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine boosters are essential for maintaining immunity and protecting against virus variants. The side effects of the primary COVID-19 vaccine (e.g., headache, nausea), however, could reduce intentions to repeat the vaccination experience, thereby hindering global inoculation efforts.PurposeThe aim of this research was to test whether side effects of a primary COVID-19 vaccine relate to reduced intentions to receive a COVID-19 booster. The secondary aim was to test whether psychological and demographic factors predict booster intentions.MethodsSecondary data analyses were conducted on a U.S. national sample of 551 individuals recruited through the online platform Prolific. Key measures in the dataset were side effects reported from a primary COVID-19 vaccination and subsequent intentions to receive a booster vaccine. Psychological and demographic variables that predicted primary vaccination intentions in prior studies were also measured.ResultsBooster intentions were high. COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions were uncorrelated with the number of side effects, intensity of side effects, or occurrence of an intense side effect from the primary COVID-19 vaccine. Correlational and regression analyses indicated intentions for a booster vaccination increased with positive vaccination attitudes, trust in vaccine development, worry about the COVID-19 pandemic, low concern over vaccine side effects, and democratic political party affiliation.ConclusionsSide effects of a primary COVID-19 vaccine were not directly associated with lower intentions to receive a booster of the COVID-19 vaccine early in the pandemic. However, many variables that predict primary vaccination intentions also predict booster intentions.
The Role of Physical Activity in Long-term Weight Loss: 36-month Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Butryn Meghan L , Crane Nicole T , Lufburrow Emily , Hagerman Charlotte J , Forman Evan M , Zhang Fengqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) may promote long-term weight loss, but facilitating high levels of PA in behavioral weight loss programs is challenging.

Purpose
This study reports the 36-month follow-up of a behavioral weight loss trial that tested the efficacy of increasing the emphasis on PA during treatment and using traditional or acceptance-based therapy (ABT) for this purpose. We also examined the extent to which long-term weight loss differed by PA pattern and tested if individual differences in eating behavior moderated this relationship.

Methods
Participants (N = 320) were randomized to (1) standard behavioral weight loss treatment (BT), (2) BT with a focus on PA, or (3) ABT with a focus on PA. Weight loss and PA were measured at 24- and 36-month follow-up.

Results
There were no differences between conditions in weight loss or PA at 24 or 36 months. Participants consistently engaging in high PA experienced the greatest weight losses. The positive impact of PA on weight loss was more pronounced among those with low emotional eating and those who believed that exercise did not affect their appetite.

Conclusions
Findings emphasize the difficulty of improving long-term PA among adults with overweight/obesity beyond what standard behavioral weight loss treatment achieves. This study highlights the need to develop new PA treatment strategies, and suggests that ABT for weight loss may be more effective when applied to eating behavior versus PA. Results also demonstrate the importance of addressing problematic eating behavior and cognitions to fully realize the benefits of PA for weight loss.

Clinical Trial information
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02363010
Age-Related Changes in the Submandibular Gland: An Imaging Study of Gland Ptosis Versus Volume
Authors: McCleary Sean P , Moghadam Shahrzad , Le Christina , Perez Kevin , Sim Myung-Shin , Roostaeian Jason 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Debate surrounding the morphological evolution of the submandibular gland (SMG) with aging, and the uncertain influence of patient demographics, has led to hesitancy about incorporating targeted interventions of the SMG into clinical practice.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether SMG ptosis, hypertrophy, or both is the primary etiology behind the increase in submandibular volume with age.

Methods
MRI segmentation was used to calculate the total and inframandibular (IM) volume and height of the SMG. Adult subjects with previous MRIs of the head and neck were used for analysis. Those with pathology or artifact compromising the SMG were excluded. Subjects were divided into 4 age-defined cohorts, for clinical applicability.

Results
The study included 129 patients (65 females; 64 males) with a mean age of 52.3 years (range, 20-85 years). No significant change in total SMG volume was observed between the reference group and all cohorts. The IM-SMG volume of the reference cohort was 5.77 cm3. All 3 cohorts had a greater IM-SMG volume than the reference group. The 45- to 54-year cohort had a mean volume of 6.7 cm3 (P = 0.4), the 55- to 64-year cohort, 7.5 cm3 (P = 0.01), and the ≥65-year cohort, 7.2 cm3 (P = 0.01). Male sex and overweight or obese BMI were associated with significantly larger total and IM-SMG volumes.

Conclusions
The novel finding of a significantly larger IM-SMG volume with no change in total volume provides evidence for SMG ptosis rather than hypertrophy as a significant contributor to age-related submandibular fullness. The lack of any significant difference in total volume or height with aging emphasizes the role of glandular descent.