bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous interval type‐2 fuzzy Q‐learning algorithm for trajectory tracking tasks for vehicles
Authors: Xuan Chengbin , Lam Hak‐Keung , Shi Qian , Chen Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrajectory tracking is a fundamental but challenging task for vehicle automation. In addition to the system nonlinearity, the main difficulties in the trajectory tracking task are due to the environmental noise and the model uncertainties under different driving scenarios. Considering the uncertainties in the environment, the reinforcement learning method with continuous action and noise‐resistance capability could be a promising way to overcome these issues. In this article, a novel continuous interval type‐2 fuzzy Q‐learning (CIT2FQL) algorithm is proposed to deal with the trajectory tracking task. By introducing then‐dimensional interval type‐2 fuzzy inference system (n‐D IT2FIS) in fuzzy Q‐learning, our proposed method achieves the continuous Q‐learning by combining the action interpolation with IT2FIS for the first time. We also proposed a simplified type‐reduction method forn‐D IT2FIS to improve the computing efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, a radial basis function (RBF) layer is chosen as the basis function to achieve theq‐value interpolation. Finally, a trajectory tracking task in a simulation environment is conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method under different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better robustness and noise‐resistance capability while maintaining good tracking performance compared with the state‐of‐the‐art baseline algorithms including double deep Q network (DDQN), proximal policy optimization (PPO), and interval type‐2 dynamic fuzzy Q‐learning (IT2DFQL).
In situ water infiltration: Influence of cover crops after growth termination
Authors: Haruna Samuel I. , Eichas Robert C. , Peters Olivia M. , Farmer Alaina C. , Lackey Devin Q. , Nichols Julia E. , Peterson Wyatt H. , Slone Neil A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCover crops (CCs) are known to influence water infiltration just prior to termination, but their effects on water infiltration over time are less known. This study investigated the influence of CCs on in situ water infiltration just prior to CC termination (during April) and again 2 mo after CC termination (during June). The multi‐species mixture of CCs used included hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter peas (Lathyrus hirsutus L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Infiltration rates were measured using double‐ring infiltrometers during April and June. The physically based Parlange and Green‐Ampt models were fitted to measured infiltration data. Cumulative infiltration was 52% higher in April and 68% higher in June under CC compared with no cover crop (NC) management. During April, the Parlange model–estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity parameter (Kdr) was 245% higher under CC compared with NC management. During the same sample period, the Green‐Ampt–estimated Kdr parameter was 383% higher under CC compared with NC management. The higher sorptivity parameter and lower antecedent water content under CC compared with NC management during both measurement periods suggest that CCs can significantly improve water infiltration into the soil, and this effect can last for up to 2 mo after CC termination.
Convergence model of “cloud + VR” technology on account of mobile Internet of Things and exhibition industry
Authors: Wang Ruijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe convention and exhibition industry is called “smoke‐free industry” and “new economic industry” because of its high efficiency, high rate of return, and no pollution. The article selects the industry driving effect of the convention and exhibition industry in H city as the research object, and selects the added value of the convention and exhibition industry in H city as the dependent variable. According to the relevant theories of industrial development and the current development of the exhibition industry in City H, the statistical data collected at different time points using time series data is used to construct a regression model to test the stationarity of the residual series. The results show that under the 10% significant level given in the tourism industry, the retail industry and the hotel industry, the concomitant probability is less than 0.1, and the convention and exhibition industry increases by 1% every time. It will drive the tourism industry to increase by 0.98%, the retail industry to increase by 1.87%, and the hotel industry to increase by 1.43%. There is a long‐term co‐integration relationship between the exhibition industry and it.
Qualitätsmanagement und -entwicklung in der Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung: Stand, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Walter Ulla 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen 3 Jahrzehnten nahm die Qualitätsentwicklung in der Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung eine deutliche Entwicklung. Wesentlich dazu beigetragen hat ihre gesetzliche Verankerung. Einen Schub gaben die Wiedereinführung der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und das Präventionsgesetz. Die damit bereits im Vorfeld begonnenen Diskurse unter Einbindung zahlreicher Forschender, Träger und Akteure unterschiedlicher Felder der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung trugen zu einem vermehrten Verständnis zentraler Aspekte der Qualitätsentwicklung bei. Inzwischen liegen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung umfassende Verfahren zur Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung vor. Zudem sind für alle 4 Qualitätsdimensionen – Planungs‑, Struktur‑, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität – Handlungsempfehlungen, Checklisten, Instrumente etc. aufbereitet und leicht zugänglich. Zertifizierungen und Qualitätssiegel für Interventionen und gesundheitsförderliche Einrichtungen sind verfügbar.Allerdings wird keines der genannten Verfahren flächendeckend und kontinuierlich eingesetzt. Die Bereiche in der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung unterscheiden sich deutlich hinsichtlich der Umsetzung der Qualitätssicherung. Hindernisse sind u. a. unzureichende personelle und finanzielle Ressourcen bei gleichzeitiger Diskontinuität sowie einrichtungsinterne Qualitätsmanagementsysteme. Handlungsbedarf besteht bei der Weiterentwicklung der Umsetzung von Qualität vor Ort, insbesondere im Setting Kommune, und der Integration der Qualitätssicherung in die bestehenden Strukturen. Qualifizierung, ein intensiver Austausch sowie eine kleinräumige Präventionsberichterstattung sollten die Qualitätsentwicklung fördern.
Todesfälle in Sachsen-Anhalts Justizvollzugsanstalten von 1992 bis 2015
Authors: Krell K.-M. , Heide S. , Lessig R. , Stiller D. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundTodesfälle in Justizvollzugsanstalten erregen häufig ein breites Interesse der Öffentlichkeit; oft wird über die genauen Todesumstände spekuliert. Bislang existierte hierzu keine wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung.Ziel der ArbeitEs erfolgten eine systematische stufenweise Aufarbeitung solcher Todesfälle sowie eine rechtsmedizinische Analyse der Todesarten und -ursachen. Schwerpunkte wurden auf eine standardisierte Fallbearbeitung, die Identifikation von Risikoprofilen sowie Schlussfolgerungen bezüglich der gesundheitlichen Versorgung und Suizidprävention gelegt.Material und MethodenAlle Sektionen im Zeitraum von 1992 bis 2015 aus den Instituten für Rechtsmedizin des Universitätsklinikums Halle und der heutigen Zweigstelle Magdeburg wurden einbezogen. Es wurden 85 Todesfälle in Justizvollzugsanstalten identifiziert; hierzu wurden die Ermittlungsakten hinzugezogen. In Anlehnung an die nationale und internationale Fachliteratur wurden die erhobenen Daten in eine Microsoft-Access-2010-Datenbank eingespeist. Datenschutzrechtliche Bedenken verhinderten die Erhebung von Vergleichsdaten zur Gesamtpopulation in den Justizvollzugsanstalten.Ergebnisse und DiskussionIn allen Fällen konnten in der abschließenden Betrachtung die Todesart und -ursache geklärt werden. Auch wurden erhebliche Defizite bei der ersten Leichenschau (insbesondere unzulängliche Beurteilungsgrundlagen zu Auffindesituation und Todeszeitschätzung) festgestellt, sodass diese künftig durch einen Facharzt für Rechtsmedizin durchgeführt werden sollte. Mit zwei Dritteln überwogen nichtnatürliche Sterbefälle mit unterschiedlichsten Todesursachen; zumeist lag ein Suizid durch Erhängen vor. Bei dem restlichen Drittel handelte es sich um natürliche Todesfälle mit zumeist kardiovaskulären Todesursachen.
Medical economic vulnerability: a next step in expanding the farm resilience scholarship
Authors: Becot Florence A. , Inwood Shoshanah M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the long-standing questions of why, how, and which farm families continue farming in the face of ongoing changes have increasingly been studied through the resilience lens. While this body of work is providing updated and novel insights, two limitations, a focus on macro-level challenges faced by the farm operation and a mismatch between the scale of challenges and resilience measures, likely limit our understanding of the factors at play. We use the example of medical economic vulnerability, a micro-level challenge traditionally confined to the household sphere of the agri-family system, as a way to call attention to these limitations. Focusing on United States (U.S.) farm households, we assess: (1) To what extent are they experiencing medical economic vulnerability when using objective and subjective outcome measures? (2) Which demographic and farm characteristics are associated with experiencing medical economic vulnerability? (3) What is the association between institutional arrangements and medical economic vulnerability? Our analysis of over 900 surveys coupled with a conceptual framework merging complementary insights from three bodies of literature revealed seemingly large differences in the prevalence of medical economic vulnerability across the objective and subjective measures with the subjective measure indicating a general sentiment of medical economic vulnerability in a majority of respondents. Conversely, limited variations were noted in who experiences medical vulnerability on the basis of demographic and farm characteristics, with stronger associations being connected to the households’ health insurance arrangements. We conclude with three implications of our findings for the farm resilience literature.
Herding stochastic autonomous agents via local control rules and online target selection strategies
Authors: Auletta Fabrizia , Fiore Davide , Richardson Michael J. , di Bernardo Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose a simple yet effective set of local control rules to make a small group of “herder agents” collect and contain in a desired region a large ensemble of non-cooperative, non-flocking stochastic “target agents” in the plane. We investigate the robustness of the proposed strategies to variations of the number of target agents and the strength of the repulsive force they feel when in proximity of the herders. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed in both simulations in ROS and experiments on real robots.
Optimization of the structural coupling between RC frames, CLT shear walls and asymmetric friction connections
Authors: Aloisio Angelo , Pelliciari Matteo , Sirotti Stefano , Boggian Francesco , Tomasi Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the optimum design of the e-CLT technology. The e-CLT technology consists in adding cross laminated timber (CLT) walls to an existing reinforced concrete (RC) infilled frame via asymmetric friction connection (AFC). The authors carried out quasi-static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. The RC frame is modeled in OpenSees by fiber-section-based elements with force-based formulation. The contribution of the infill is simulated using a degrading data-driven Bouc–Wen model with a slip-lock element while the AFC is modelled with a modified Coulomb model. Different types of infill, aspect ratio, scaling, and member size are considered. The benefits of using e-CLT technology are discussed and the ranges of optimum performance of the AFC are estimated. A comparison of the performance of traditional infills with the e-CLT system is presented. The authors provide optimum intervals of the ratio between slip force and in-plane stiffness of the CLT panel, following energy and displacement-based criteria. The seismic displacement demand under various seismic scenario is investigated. Correlations between the RC characteristics and the optimum design ratios bestow possible criteria for the design of the AFC.
Large fire initially reduces bird diversity in Poland’s largest wetland biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Walesiak Michał , Mikusiński Grzegorz , Borowski Zbigniew , Żmihorski Michał 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFreshwater wetlands are widely recognized as biodiversity hotspots for many organisms, including birds. Climate change and the projected increased risk of wetland fires may pose a major threat to wetland biodiversity in the future. There is urgent need to assess short- and long-term effect of fires on avian biodiversity and to establish relevant management implications. We analysed the short-term (first 3 months after fire) effect of a large (5 500 ha) spring wildfire on the community of breeding marshland birds in the best-preserved Polish local wetland biodiversity hotspot: Biebrza Valley. We compared the avian community structure and abundance of certain species before and after the fire on the 18 permanent transects located in both burned and unburned habitats. Within first breeding season post fire, fire significantly reduced pooled abundance and species richness of the whole bird community. Three bird species of special conservation concern (including aquatic warbler) temporarily disappeared from burned areas, and the numbers of 11 other species declined. In contrast, only 3 species benefited from the fire, none of which depended on marshes as their primary habitat. Although the reported strong initial fire effect is likely to fade away in subsequent years, its immediate detrimental effects on marshland birds should not be underestimated. We conclude that it is essential to temporarily provide the unburned adjacent refuge areas with additional protection and bird-friendly management and to focus on preventing further degradation of marshes to increase their resilience to fire.
Spatial- and size-related shifts in feeding habits of the common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pincay-Espinoza Jonathan E. , Varela José L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFeeding habits of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) were investigated in the Southeast Pacific Ocean using stomach content analysis. Stomachs were collected from 1506 individuals ranging between 18 and 187 cm in fork length. The fish were caught by longliner boats in 2009–2017. Based on percentage of wet weight (%Wi), percentage of number (%Ni), and frequency of occurrence (%Oi), flyingfishes were the predominant prey, followed by the cephalopods jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) and argonaut (Argonauta spp.). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) detected significant differences between zones (p < 0.001). PERMANOVA also revealed two size-related shifts in feeding habits to occur at FL ~ 80 cm and FL ~ 110 cm (p < 0.001). Cumulative prey curves did not reach an asymptote in any of the zones and size classes, which may be attributed to the fine taxonomic resolution used. Spatial variations in daily meal ranged between 296.3 and 438.9 g day−1, corresponding to daily ration of 6.1–8.2% body mass BM day−1. Otherwise, size-related variations in both DM and DR were observed. Thus, while daily food intake increased with size from 177.3 for the smallest fish (LF < 80 cm) to 496.7 g day−1 for the largest ones (LF ≥ 110 cm), DR decreased from 13.0 ± 22.1 to 3.7 ± 0.7 BM day−1. The present results contribute to improve the understanding of dolphinfish feeding habits in the Southeast Pacific Ocean.
Building the MCH Public Health Workforce of the Future: A Call to Action from the MCHB Strategic Plan
Authors: Ramos Lauren Raskin , Tissue Michelle Menser , Johnson Ayanna , Kavanagh Laura , Warren Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In 2021, the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) released a new strategic plan to guide its work over the next 10–15 years. The plan highlights four goals—access, equity, workforce capacity, and impact—that are essential to achieving MCHB’s vision.

Methods
We present 13 recommendations to highlight opportunities for ongoing and new activities aligned with Goal 3 of the plan—“Strengthen Public Health Capacity and Workforce for MCH.”

Results
Recommendations 1–3 highlight the need to support pathways into state and local MCH public health (PH) positions, to offer accessible and high-quality training for the practicing workforce, and to build capacity to address health and social inequities. Recommendations 4–7 discuss the need to build a racially and ethnically diverse workforce, ensure equity and anti-racism are foundational concepts in training, and strengthen engagement of community members and those with lived experience as part of the MCH PH workforce. Recommendations 8–10 outline opportunities to enhance MCH workforce data and measurement frameworks, and support practice-based research. Recommendations 11–12 discuss the importance of academic-practice partnerships and the need to spur innovation. Recommendation 13 highlights the need to define and amplify the unique skillset of the MCH PH workforce.

Conclusions
The release of the MCHB strategic plan comes at a time of critical need to build and sustain a MCH PH workforce to achieve equity for MCH populations. We encourage the field to engage in dialogue around the recommendations presented in this paper, and to offer additional actions to build and support the MCH PH workforce.
Energy-efficient design of a presbyopia correction wearable powered by mobile GPUs and FPGAs
Authors: Mompeán Juan , Aragón Juan L. , Artal Pablo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an energy-efficient design and evaluation of a novel portable device for the automatic correction of presbyopia in human eyes driven by the use of opto-electronic lenses and based on the dynamic pupil response of the subject. Due to the wearable nature of the proposed Dynamic Auto–Accommodation Glasses, in addition to the real-time requirement, an energy-efficient implementation is critical for the success of the device. In this work, the binocular pupil tracking of a subject, followed by the calculation of the eyes’ vergence, and the control of a pair of opto-electronic lenses are implemented and evaluated on several hardware platforms, including two mobile GPU/SoCs, a high-end FPGA, a low-cost FPGA, and a desktop GPU (as a reference point). The pupil tracking algorithm has been parallelized, applying different platform-specific optimizations for each case, to design a fast yet energy-efficient wearable. The hardware platforms have been evaluated to determine which one is the most appropriate for the presbyopia correction task. The experimental results show that the most energy-efficient platform is a mobile GPU (Samsung Exynos 8890) capable of processing frames at 0.016 Joules/frame, still allowing real-time processing (24 frames/sec).
Graph embeddings in criminal investigation: towards combining precision, generalization and transparency
Authors: Bellandi Valerio , Ceravolo Paolo , Maghool Samira , Siccardi Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCriminal investigation adopts Artificial Intelligence to enhance the volume of the facts that can be investigated and documented in trials. However, the abstract reasoning implied in legal justification and argumentation requests to adopt solutions providing high precision, low generalization error, and retrospective transparency. Three requirements that hardly coexist in today’s Artificial Intelligence solutions. In a controlled experiment, we then investigated the use of graph embeddings procedures to retrieve potential criminal actions based on patterns defined in enquiry protocols. We observed that a significant level of accuracy can be achieved but different graph reformation procedures imply different levels of precision, generalization, and transparency.
Influence of the Co/Ni Ratio and Dendritic Segregations on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Multinary Co-Rich Superalloys at 850 °C and 1050 °C
Authors: Hagen S. P. , Weiser M. , Abu-Khousa B. , Virtanen S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Excellent inherent oxidation resistance is a prerequisite for the use of superalloys in many high-temperature applications. To achieve this goal, typically continuous alumina and chromia scale growths are assured through sufficient Cr and Al additions. Since the intended γ/γ′-microstructure of superalloys is only stable within a certain compositional window, the maximum concentrations of these protective scale forming elements are, however, dependent on the overall alloy composition. The latter is a severe drawback, especially for Co-rich superalloys, as for these the maximum content often is insufficient for reaching the desired continuous scale growth. In recent years, the addition of significant Ni levels was identified to improve the high-temperature oxidation properties in the case of simple model alloy systems. In this study, we compare the high-temperature oxidation behavior of two complex Co-rich multinary single-crystalline γ/γ′-strengthened superalloys that only differ regarding their Co/Ni ratios to the commercial Ni-base superalloy CMSX-4. Therefore, time-resolved isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in synthetic air at 850 °C and 1050 °C for 100 hours, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were conducted. The results point out that a high Co-content beneficially affects the oxidation resistance at 850 °C, meaning that the Ni-base CMSX-4 is slightly outmatched by the Co-rich competitors. In contrast, at 1050 °C, the commercial (most Ni-rich) alloy performed best and, clearly, an increasing Co-content was identified to deteriorate the oxidation resistance. This temperature-dependent influence of the nominal Co/Ni ratio on oxidation resistance is shown to be especially pronounced for dendritic regions. Consequently, the latter could be identified to especially determine the overall oxidation kinetics.