bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Hickory Shuckworm Populations to Commercial Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Aguirre Luis A. , Villegas Jose L. , Sanchez Victor M. , Garcia Oswaldo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two populations of HSW, one from Saltillo Coah. which is considered an insecticide-free area and one from Parras, Coah, in which 4-6 treatments are used each yr. The Parras population was collected from an area where 93.8% of the orchards are exposed to Guthion and 93% to Zolone, but have not been exposed to carbaryl for 5 yr. Third instar larvae (avg. wt 15 ±3 mg) were placed in treated vials (35 ml) for exposure to a range of insecticide doses. Doses in series and an acetone check were used or each insecticide with 5 larvae/vial/dose with 4 replicates; vials were held at 25±2°C and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). Mortality was recorded after 24 h, corrected and data were analyzed using probits and the maximum likehood method. LD50 and LD95 values are reported.
Vegetable Leafminer Control on Tomato, 1977
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Beginning about 10 days before first harvest, insecticidal treatments were applied weekly to ‘Walter’ tomato plants in a commercial field in Hillsborough County, Florida. Plants were approximately 25% defoliated by ihe vegetable leafminer at first spray. Treatments were applied to runoff with a hand-held, 7.6-liter sprayer at 13.6 to 18.1 kg/6.5 cm pressure. Plots were seep irrigated and consisted of 5 plants 0.8 m apart grown on black polyethylene plastic mulched sand beds (0.8m wide by 0.2 m high) 1.8 m apart. Four replications were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were treated April 28, May 5, 12, 19, 26, and June 2, 1977. The number of mines were counted on the first trifoliate (terminal 3 leaflets) from the top of 10 stems per plot on May 12. The percent defoliation on each plant on June 9 was calculated by dividing the approximate height of defoliation (defoliation progresses upward from the base of the plant) by the approximate height of the plant and multiplying by 100. Yields of marketable fruit (grades 1, 2, and 3), obtained on May 12, 19, 26, June 2, and 9, were combined over all dates and converted to yield per acre for analysis.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. , Hower Arthur A. , Gesell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field had been in continuous corn for 4 years with an adult beetle population of approximately 1 per plant in August 1976. Test No. 1 was conventional-till planted in 30 in. single row plots each 40 ft long with 4 replications arranged in a randomized block design. Seven insecticides were compared by rate and site of application. Test No. 2 was no-till planted in 30 in. six row plots 50 ft long with 4 replications in a randomized plot design. Four insecticides were compared, all as band applications but 2 at different dosage rates.
Chemical Control of

Heltiohis

Spp. on Cotton, 1977
Authors: Pieters Edward P. , Mullins Walton , Halford William T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 cotton variety was planted on April 29, 1977 at the North Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Eight row plots, 100 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied to the center 4 rows of each plot at the rate of 4.17 gallons of mixture per acre, 4 mph, 40 psi and 3 nozzles per row. Applications for Heliothis spp. control were made 6 times on a weekly basis from July 20 to August 29, 1977. Azinphosmethyl was applied to all plots at 0.25 lb ai/acre an a weekly basis from July 5 to August 29 to control boll weevils, Anthonomusgrondis Boheman. Plots were examined weekly for Heliothis spp. damage by randomly selecting 25 squares from all parts of the plants along the center 2 rows. Yields were estimated by machine picking the center 2 rows on November 14, 1977. Heavy infestations of fall armyworms, Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) were noted in these plots during early August. Approximately 50% of the larvae counted were fall armyworms on August 5, about 30% on August 12 and less than 5% on August 26, 1977.
Cotton Bollworm and Tabacco Budworm Control, 1977
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Bogel David , Ree Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty-six rows of Lockett 4789-A was planted on May 26 and 54 rows on June 2, 1977, at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 20 lb per acre. The 2 different planting dates were caused by a heavy rain on May 26 at time of planting. Eight-row plots, 150 ft long, replicated in a complete randomized block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 3 3/4 gal of total spray mixture per acre, with one number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Four appliplications were made between August 3 and 23rd. Intervals between applications ranged from 5 to 9 days. Plots were irrigated on July 20, 3 inches and August 11,4 inches.
Adult Bean Leaf Beetle LD-50 Studies, 1976
Authors: Chiu Paul S. -B. , H. Max 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adult bean leaf beetles were collected with sweepners in soybean fields from an insecticide-free area at the Auburn University Black Belt Substation near Marion Junction, AL. These were brought into the substation laboratory where the beetles were kept in screen wire cages. One hundred beetles were selected at random, weighed collectively, and mean weight per individual calculated. This weight was used as a basis for calculation of insecticide dosages. Stock acetone solutions of the insecticides were prepared from technical materials and further diluted with acetone to give the desired working concentrations. One ul of the insecticide-acetone solution was applied to the dorsal throacic surface of each beetle with a microapplicator (Isco, Model M). Controls were treated with acetone alone. Preliminary dosage-mortality data were obtained by using a wide range of treatment dosages for each insecticide. A narrower range of dosages was used to determine the dosage-mortality and LD5Q values presented here. Ten adults bean leaf beetles were selected randomly for each treatment level. Four dosage levels and an acetone check were used for each insecticide. Following treatment beetles were placed in ice-cream cups (4" wide and 2" deep) containing fresh soybean leaves. Mortality counts were made at 24 hr. Data obtained from these tests were analyzed statistically by probit analysis (Finney 1971).
Soybean, Green Cloverworm Control, 1977
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One hundred and sixteen soybean plots (Cole) were located 3 miles southwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30 in. centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 blocks each with 29 treatments. Because of low larval numbers and large blocks, 2 checks were included. These checks were averaged by blocks for analyses. Treatments were applied on August 11, 1977 with two 4-row CO2-charged bicycle sprayers (liquid output was 41.75 ml/sec, at 30 and 36 psi for sprayers 1 and 2, respectively). Spray nozzles were Delavan HB6 70° Brass Tips. Weather conditions during application were: mostly clear, breeze ca 9 mph, temperature ca 80° F. Soybean plants were in maturity stage R5 (beans growing in size). Plants were sampled with a 15-in. diam. sweep-net (20 sweeps/plot) on 4 dates: August 11 (pretreatment), August 12 (1-day posttreatment), August 14 (4-day posttreatment), and August 18 7-day posttreatment). Samples were examined for green cloverworm larvae in the laboratory. Plants were in maturity group R5 on all sampling dates and were examined for visual signs of phytotoxicity, viz., leaf discoloration, on all sampling dates. Measureable rainfall during the experiment occurred on August 16 (2.80 in.).
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Scale on Timothy in Washington, 1976
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated at 2 locations in Kittitas County on timothy-alfalfa for control of a new scale pest of timothy. Insecticides were applied to 8 x 25 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Sprays were applied on June 2 with a hand sprayer, using 40 psi pressure and applying 22 gal/acre when the timothy was 1 to 2 ft tall. Evaluation samples were taken June 9 and June 21. Efficacy was based on the number of scale (crawler and mature scale enclosed in felted sacs) per 150 g timothy sample. Statistical analyses were conducted for each location and both locations combined.
Tobacco Flea Beetle Control on Tobacco, 1977
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Horton R. H. , Collins W. K. , Todd F. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On-farm tests were conducted in Craven, Wayne, Hertford, Martin and Sampson counties to determine the effectiveness of insecticides for control of flea beetles on flue-cured tobacco. Plots consisted of 4 rows of 78 ft separated by vacant 5th middles and 10 ft alleys between each of 4 replications at Craven and Wayne counties and 2 replications at other sites. Some insecticides were disced into the soil prior to ridging of rows while others were placed in the transplanter water. Live flea beetles were counted on 20 randomly selected plants of each plot 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-transplant. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and orthogonal partitioning of treatments.
Root-Zone Application, IRRI Laboratory, 1976
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice plants 45 days of age were transplanted into porcelain pots and placed in an air conditioned room at 25 ± 2°C. Granules (G), dispersible powder (DP), and soluble powder (SP) were placed in capsules and emulsifiable concentrates (EC), and flowable (F) formulations in a syringe and injected 3 cm below the soil surface and 2 cm beside the roots at the rate of 1 kg ai/ha.
Feeding Tests of Insecticides, 1975
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Feeding tests of the toxicity of 15 insecticides were conducted on last stage western spruce budworm. Insects were selected from the 58th to 60th generations of a non-diapausing laboratory colony. Five concentrations serially diluted from a freshly formulated concentrate were used in each of 3 replications for each insecticide. All insecticides were formulated in reagent grade acetone on the basis of weight/volume concentrations of the active ingredient. Two hundred μl of each concentration were added to 10 cc of molten artificial diet and the diet was stirred thoroughly. When hardened, each diet mold was fed to 10 larvae. Mortality was tallied after 7 days. Mexacarbate was used as the standard for comparison.
Pine Tip Moth Control, 1976
Authors: Ellis H.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in a commercial planting of 3-year-old, 5 to 6 ft tall Virginia pine Christmas trees spaced 7 x 7 ft near Coolidge, Georgia. Each treatment consisted of 16 trees (4-tree plots, replicated 4 times). Pre-treatment counts indicated no significant differences in tip moth infestations between plots. Insecticide were applied with a two-gallon hand pressurized sprayer on March 29, May 5, 26, June 17, and July 15 at the rate of 1 pt of spray per tree. Five tips per plot (20 per treatment) were randomly sampled for tip moth infestation on April 19, May 19, June 3, 17, July 1, 15, and August 2.
Contact Toxicity of Insecticides to Western Pine Beetle, 1977
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Gillette Nancy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Topical application tests of the contact toxicity of 10 insecticides were conducted on adult western pine beetle. Toxicities were compared to a standard, lindane. Insects were gathered from bolts and bark of ponderosa pine collected at Oakhurst, California. Five concentrations serially diluted from a freshly formulated concentrate were used in each of 3 replications with each chemical. All insecticides were applied in reagent grade acetone at a rate of 1 μl/10 mg body weight. After treatment, 10 beetles were placed in a 50 x 12 mm tight-lid petri dish packed with moist alphacel. Mortality was tallied after 3 days.
Spruce Budworm Control in a White Spruce Plantation, 1977
Authors: Dimond J. B. , Morrison T. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was designed to compare two experimental numbered compounds and a new formulation of Sevin to a standard formulation, Sevimol. Treatments were assigned randomly to three 30 x 30 ft plots marked out in the plantation. Treated plots were separated by 25 ft buffers. Each plot contained about 25 trees of 15 ft average height. Sprays were applied with a back-mounted mistblower at finished spray volumes of 20 gal/acre on June 11. All dilutions were with water. Most insects were in instar VI. Postspray counts of survivors were made on June 17. These involved insects on one, 18 in midcrown branch from each of 10 trees/plot. Treatments were delayed 9 days by rain and persistent rain throughout the postspray period probably reduced efficacy.
Apple-Pear, Apple Aphid Control, 1977
Authors: Fisher G. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Semi-dwarf Delicious apple and 5 year old Clapps Favorite standard pear were replicated and randomized in a new orchard in Nottingham, New Hampshire. Materials were applied as a 1X dilution (lbs/100 gal H2O) in a 1 gallon B & G sprayer at 40 psi after aphid build-up was noted on terminals. Lack of pear trees only allowed for 2 replications of 3 treat-ments. Dwarf apples were replicated 4 times. Evaluations were made 3 days after treatment as aphid counts (10 leaves/terminal) calculated to number of live aphids/leaf (replicate means).
Ardisia, Hemispherical Scale Control, 1977
Authors: Poe S. L. , Matthews S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven foliar applied insecticides were evaluated for their effects on hemispherical scale on Ardisia. Four replications of each insecticide were applied with a hand sprayer to ca 10 inch high potted greenhouse grown plants infested with all stages of scales. Counts of live scale nymphs were made on two leaves per plant before treatment and at 7 and 14 days after treatment.
White Birch, Birch Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White birch trees 8-10 ft in height were treated in a local nursery on May 17, 1977, using a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. Plants were sprayed to drip. The systemic insecticides were applied at the rate of 0.5 ounce actual/per gallon of water/inch trunk diameter at breast height in a ring cultivated at the drip line of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water per inch applied to seal the insecticide in the soil. The Medicaps were implanted into the basal portion of the tree at 4 inch intervals and the hole sealed with wound paint. The experiment was replicated 4 times.
Coleus, Citrus Mealybug Control, 1977
Authors: Bunn G. Steward , Davidson John A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On December 20’ 76, 120 plank of Coleusblumei were propagated by cutting inserted directly in Jiffy Mix in three-inch pots. After rooting occurred, one female adult mealybug was transferred from an infested plant to each of the coleus plants, which were two inches tall. Counts were made on February 7’77 of all nymphs and adult females on each plant. The plants were divided into 3 groups according to their meolybug population and distributed so that each treatment consisted of the same approximate number of mealybugs. The average number per plant was 200. Each treatment of 7 insecticides consisted of one rate applied to 5 plants with a 1.5 gal Chapin compressed-air sprayer until run-off. The temperature was 68°F and the relative humidity was 20% at the time of application. A control consisted of 15 plants sprayed with water. The plants were laid horizontally on the ground, sprayed, rototed 180° and sprayed again, then placed upright and sprayed from the top. Another count of the nymphs and female adults was taken on each plant 7 days after spraying. The plants were inspected 14 days after spraying for phytotoxicity and a count of mealybugs was taken again. The plants were hand watered each day.
Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge Control in Washington, 1977
Authors: Campbell R. Lee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on May 19 and again on June 10, using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates, in Pierce County, WA. A few pod galls were already present when the first sprays were applied. Treatments were applied by spraying each tree to run-off with a gasoline-powered sprayer. Results were evaluated by collecting 5 infested leaves per tree and counting live larvae and pupae in the galls. On the first sample date, June 2, 98% of the gall inhabitants were pupae; on the second sample date, June 20, all were larvae.
Oak, Foliar Sprays Evaluated for Control of Palmerworm, Wooster, Ohio, 1977
Authors: Isen D. G. Nie , Balderston C. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A research block of 5-6 m tall northern red oak was used for insecticide evaluation. A Meyers Baronet hydraulic sprayer operating at 150 psi was used to apply ca 4 liters of finished spray (see table) per tree (= to drip). Four, single-tree replicates were treated June 7 when variable size larvae were actively feeding. Ambient temperature was 20°C, and the sky was overcast with a slight breeze (3-7.5 km/hr). Efficacy was evaluated both 6 hours and 3 days post treatment. A Bailey beating tray was used to capture larvae falling from each of 2 branches per tree when the branches were each struck 10 times with a rubber-covered stock.
Phytotoxicity Tests, 1977
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Ree Bill , Bogle David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test consisted of evaluating Sumithion 8E at 4 lb ai/100 gal for phytotoxicity on 28 species of ornamentals in 3 different tests near or in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55, series L-1565-2 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 3 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. All plants were treated to runoff. Plants were examined 24 hr., 72 hr., 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment. Test 1 was applied on June 3 to young growing nursery stock. Twelve species were grown in containers and 4 species were permanent plants. Sumithion was applied to 4 single plant replicates and treated plants were compared to a check. Temperature at time of treatment was 80-85°F. Test 2 was treated on July 6 to established permanent plantings. Sumithion was applied to 2 single plant replicates including a check. Temperature at time of treatment was 90°F. Test 3 was treated on June 6 to established permanent plantings. Sumithion was applied to single plants including a check. Temperature at time of treatment was 90°F. Phytotoxicity was recorded as none, mild or severe.
Pyracantha, Hawthorn Lacebug Control, 1977
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Bogel David , Ree Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An ornamental planting of pyracantha was treated on June 23 in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-1565 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 3 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were replicated two times. Temperature at time of treatment was 90°F. Mortality was determined by examining 10 leaves and recording the number of live nymphs and adults present.
Zinnia, Greenhouse Whitefly Control, 1977
Authors: Poe S. L. , Lester D. , Burgess S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of six foliar applied insecticides on whitefly was evaluated by dis-persing the materials with a hand sprayer onto single plant replicates of severely infested potted zinnia seedlings grown in the greenhouse. Single leaf per replicate counts were made of juvenile whiteflies before treatment and at three, seven and 14 days after treatment.
Cutworm Control on Dichondra Turf, California, 1977
Authors: Oetting Ronald , Morishita Frank S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested for the control of granulate cutworm on dichondra in Orange and Los Angeles Counties. In Los Angeles County commercially available materials had not been effective in the control of this pest while in Orange County good control was still obtained. Each treatment was applied on 9 m , in randomized blocks, and replicated 4 times in Orange County not in area 1 and 2 times in area 2 in Los Angeles County. In Los Angeles County some of the treatments had to be terminated prematurely because of extensive cutworm damage.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1977
Authors: Cawley Bryant M. , Sullivan W. N. , Schechter Milton S. , Jaffe Howard , Hayes Dora K. , Baylis Susan , Morgan Neal O. , Fons James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test species were laboratory reared and transported by air or automobile to the test site in Miami, Florida. There, tobacco budworms and cockroaches were exposed in 1-gal paper tubs, boll weevils and mosquitoes in plastic “squat” cups, and brown dog ticks in plastic vials. Containers for mosquitoes and ticks were covered with 6 x 7 mesh/cm2 nylon screen, and all other containers were covered with a 4 x 4 mesh/cm nylon screen. Cockroaches were tested in both nymphal and adult stages; all other test insects were adult. Cages were arrayed in the center of 71 m3 test trailers. Dusts were formulated in Hi Sil 233 and introduced from outside by propelling with CO2 through the rear doors; while aerosols, formulated with Freon or with water and propane/isobutane and EC’s, applied with a Micro-Gen Sprayer, were released by an applicator from within the trailer. The aerosols and dusts were applied at rates used currently in quarantine pesticides applications in aircraft and trailers, and the EC’s were applied at a rate of 1.1 g/100 m3 (Al). The exposure period was 10 min with doors closed and 20 min with doors open. Mortality counts were made after 24 hrs. The average temperature during exposure and holding was 25° C. Tests were replicated twice, and the values were corrected according to Abbott’s formula and averaged.
Comparison of Three Kinds of Cockroach Traps, 1977
Authors: Lund Rea Dorette , Bennett Gary W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The difference in catch effectiveness between threjijxinds of cockroach traps was compared. The traps tested were: (1) Johnson Wax Raic® Roach Trap without attractant, (2) Johnson Wax Raic® Roach Trap with attractant, and (3) Zoecon Black Flag® Roach Motel (contains attractant). Traps were placed in low income housing units (apartments) located in Indianapolis, Indiana. These units had poor sanitation conditions, maximum harborage, optimum temperature conditions, and contained very severe German cockroach infestations. Traps were installed in six locations in each apartment tested: (1) under the kitchen sink, (2) in a floor level cabinet across from the kitchen sink, (3) in a cabinet above the kitchen sink, (4) in a cabinet above the stove or refrigerator, (5) on the floor in a clothes closet near the kitchen, and (6) on a shelf in the pantry.