bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite time fault tolerant tracking control for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles with actuator faults
Authors: Qian Moshu , Wu Zhu , Zhang Zhen , Bo Cuimei 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAn adaptive fast nonsingular integral terminal sliding mode control scheme is proposed for the distributed formation control problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) affected by actuator faults and external disturbances. In order to achieve a good cooperative tracking performance of UAVs during mission execution, the adverse effect of the lumped disturbances composed of actuator failures, wind and vortex disturbances is estimated by the cerebellar model articulation neural network, meanwhile the tangent function is introduced to eliminate the chattering of the sliding mode. Then the analysis of superior convergence performance of the fast nonsingular integral terminal sliding manifold is implemented, and the finite time stability of the closed‐loop formation flight control system is proved. Finally, the simulation experiments verify that the proposed approach is superior to the nonsingular integral terminal sliding mode control for the formation control system of faulty multiple UAVs.
Catalytic Self‐Assembled Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: He Fan , Liu Shuai , Wu Tong , Yang Meiting , Li Wenhuai , Yang Guangming , Zhu Feng , Zhang Hua , Pei Kai , Chen Yu , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) is one of the most promising devices for efficient energy conversion and storage due to the high flexibility in reversible operation on dual modes of fuel cell and electrolysis cells. The key limitations of R‐PCECs performance lie mainly in the sluggish catalytic activity and poor durability of the air electrode for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions under realistic operating conditions. Herein, the findings on the development of highly active and durable air electrodes, achieved by a catalytic self‐assembly of Ba2Co1.5Mo0.25Nb0.25O6−δ (BC1.5MN) composite electrode, are reported. Under high‐temperature firing conditions, BC1.5MN is elegantly decomposed to a single‐perovskite BaCoO3−δ (SP‐BCO) and a double‐perovskite Ba2−xCo1.5−xMo0.5Nb0.5O6−δ (DP‐BCMN). Furthermore, fuel‐electrode‐supported full cells with BC1.5MN air electrode exhibit outstanding performance at 650 °C, achieving a peak power density of 1.17 W cm−2 and an electrolysis current density of 2.04 A cm−2 at 1.3 V. More importantly, the cells demonstrate excellent operation durability over 1100 h in fuel cell mode and exceptional cell cycling stability over 110 times within 220 h in dual modes of fuel cell and electrolysis cell. It is experimentally suggested that the catalytic durability is optimized by strong interaction between BCO and BCMN.
Resistance Drift Convergence and Inversion in Amorphous Phase Change Materials
Authors: Pries Julian , Stenz Christian , Schäfer Lisa , Gutsche Alexander , Wei Shuai , Lucas Pierre , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are key to the development of artificial intelligence technologies such as high‐density memories and neuromorphic computing, thanks to their ability for multi‐level data storage through stepwise resistive encoding. Individual resistance levels are realized by adjusting the crystalline and amorphous volume fraction of the memory cell. However, the amorphous phase exhibits a drift in resistance over time that has so far hindered the commercial implementation of multi‐level storage schemes. In this study, the underlying physical process of resistance drift with the goal of modeling is elucidated that will help minimize and potentially overcome drift in PCM memory devices. Clear evidence is provided that the resistance drift is dominated by glass dynamics. Resistivity convergence and drift inversion for the amorphous chalcogenide Ge15Te85 and the PCM Ge3Sb6Te5 are experimentally demonstrated and these changes are successfully predicted with a glass dynamics model. This new insight into the resistance drift process provides tools for the development of advanced PCM devices.
A Novel Design Based on Mechanical Time‐Delay Switch and Charge Space Accumulation for High Output Performance Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Du Yan , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , Wu Huiyuan , He Wencong , Wang Jian , Guo Hengyu , Li Gui , Wang Zhao , Hu Chenguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, has become a promising environment energy harvesting technology. However, traditional TENG, based on the coupling of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, generates alternating current (AC) directly, which requires a rectifier to obtain direct current (DC) before being used to drive electronics. There are a few methods to obtain DC output including mechanical rectifier, phase coupling, air breakdown, and Schottky contact. But to achieve high output and high durability of DC‐TENG, new exploration is desired. In this study, a novel DC‐TENG is proposed, which greatly improves the output performance by designing a mechanical time‐delay switch and an alternative blank‐tribo‐area. The working mechanism of the DC‐TENG is analyzed theoretically and verified by experiments. It is found that the blank‐tribo‐area promotes charge accumulation, while the mechanical time‐delay switch realizes DC output. This DC‐TENG can light up 1888 LEDs in series at 60 rpm and drive 24 hygro‐thermographs in parallel with 120 rpm. The ultra‐high average power density of 4.2 W m−2 is achieved, much higher than previous works. The DC‐TENG displays high durability and retains 92% initial output after 120 000 cycles. This st provides a feasible strategy to boost the output performance of DC‐TENG.
Heterogeneous Nitride Interface Enabled by Stepwise‐Reduction Electrolyte Design for Dense Li Deposition in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Zhu Zhenglu , Liu Zhikang , Zhao Ruirui , Qi Xiaoqun , Ji Jie , Yang Fengyi , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high Li+‐ion conductivity is desperately desired for lithium (Li) metal anodes. However, it remains challenging to build a robust SEI rationally for the Li‐metal anodes in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, a heterogeneous nitride‐rich SEI that consists of organic nitrides on the surface and inorganic nitrides inside by stepwise‐reduction electrolyte design is constructed. The heterogeneous structure endows SEI with the capability to capture and distribute Li+ on the surface and facilitate internal Li+ transportation, leading to the redistributed Li+ flux and uniform Li electrodeposition. With the newly‐formulated carbonate electrolyte, Li||Cu cells deliver a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.0% after 300 cycles at 0.5 mA cm‐2 and 0.5 mAh cm‐2. Meanwhile, superb cycling stability is also determined with full Li‐metal cells using LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and high‐loading LiFePO4 (12.0 mg cm−2) cathodes. This study provides a promising strategy to regulate the SEI components and stabilize the Li anodes by rational electrolyte design.
Ultrafast Activation and Tuning of Topological Textures in Ferroelectric Nanostructures
Authors: Prosandeev Sergey , Prokhorenko Sergei , Nahas Yousra , Grollier Julie , Talbayev Diyar , Dkhil Brahim , Bellaiche Laurent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolar topological textures are recently discovered in ultra‐thin ferroelectrics, including stripe, labyrinth, or bubble states. Enabling to shape on‐demand, these topologies can provide an original platform for potential applications. Here, using first‐principle‐based calculations, it is shown that THz electric field pulses are an efficient means for generating a plethora of topological states in ultrathin films made by a prototypical ferroelectric system, depending on the characteristics of these pulses and films. Consequently, these ultrafast electrical pulses in ultra‐thin ferroelectrics offer key ingredients for mimicking neuronal and synaptic behaviors, including all‐optical devices, and open a new avenue for topological objects to neuromorphic systems.
Reduced resource utilization with early use of next‐generation sequencing in rare genetic diseases in an Asian cohort
Authors: Nazeha Nuraini , Koh Ai Ling , Kam Sylvia , Lim Jiin Ying , Goh Denise Li Meng , Jamuar Saumya Shekhar , Graves Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildren with genetic diseases endure a prolonged and costly “diagnostic odyssey.” The use of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) has improved the diagnosis rate, ending the odyssey. However, the additional costs associated WES/WGS has impeded their adoption in Asian settings. We aim to estimate the expected change to the mean number of diagnostic tests used, and the associated costs from a decision to use WES early in the diagnostic pathways of pediatric phenotypes, as compared to Existing Practice. Retrospective data from a patient cohort recruited under the Singapore Undiagnosed Disease Program from a tertiary hospital in Singapore, for the period October 2004 to September 2020, was analyzed. Four phenotype‐specific subgroups were used: multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) without developmental delay; global developmental delay (GDD); neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID). Patients had undergone a traditional diagnostic pathway and received a diagnosis either through clinical exome or WES or WGS. A costs only analysis was performed, by tabulating the outcomes “test quantity” and “test costs” incurred by patients. The outcomes were compared with alternate diagnostic pathways which incorporates the early introduction of WES trio testing. To include uncertainty in cost outcomes, simulation studies were done on uncertain parameters. Cost outcomes are reported in Singapore dollars (S$). The 92 included patients had MCA (n = 48), GDD (n = 29), NMD (n = 10), or PID (n = 5). Patients were aged between 18 days and 26 years, 52.2% were males. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (81.5%). If patients had access to WES directly, test quantity reduced by 97.38% for MCA, 96.98% for GDD, 96.56% for NMD, and 99.84% for PID. The expected cost savings per patient were $5940 for MCA (US$4433), $5342 for GDD (US$3986), $4622 for NMD (US$3449), and $58,497 for PID (US$43,654). Uncertainty assessment for MCA and GDD patients showed a respective likelihood of 86.9% and 97.4% for cost savings. Adoption of alternate diagnostic pathways with early WES in selected pediatric subgroups are likelt to reduce costs, when compared to Existing Practice. Benefits arising from earlier diagnosis, and the potential cost savings could mitigate the large initial cost of implementing WES in Asian settings.
Effect of microwave—Chemical modification on properties of soybean meal‐based wood adhesive
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Wang Ruihu , Wang Haijie , Cao Xinhua , Cheng Yu , Guan Erqi , Bian Ke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo enlarge the industrial application of plywood made from soybean meal‐based adhesive (SMA), the properties improvement, especially wet shear strength of SMA which was modified by microwave‐chemical treatment was studied. The purpose of this research was to optimize microwave conditions combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) treatment, to maximize the water resistance of SMA. The viscosity, shear strength and solids content of modified SMA were determined. In addition, the modified mechanism was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the wet shear strength of SMA reached at 0.93 MPa when the microwave power was 350 W, microwave time was 3 min, and concentration of soybean meal was 28%. The result was 32.86% higher than China National Standard for interior use of plywood (≥0.70 MPa). From the results of mechanism, the bonding performance of the prepared plywood was improved after PEG‐PEI and microwave modification, which improved the water resistance of SMA. The improvement due to the formation of crosslinking in curing process by the reaction between active groups of soybean protein molecules and crosslinking agent under microwave modification, which provided favorable conditions for further application of SMA.
Hybrid solid sensitive arrays/polypropylene composites: A study on sensing alkaline vapors
Authors: Cichero Matheus Costa , dos Santos da Silva Alan , dos Santos João Henrique Z. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSolid alkaline sensors containing polypropylene (PP) and four different bromocresol purple‐based multilayered hybrid sensitive materials (using silica and polymethacrylic acid [PPMA]) were synthesized. The material was used to sense two alkaline vapors: ammonia and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) from fish deterioration. The sensor performances were analyzed by color evaluation, the mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests, and the dispersion of the sensitive materials into the PP matrix was analyzed by X‐ray computed microtomography. Three of the four composites exhibited sensitivity toward ammonia vapors, with values of ∆E*ab > 5; however, the sensitive composites showed lower sensitivity toward VBN, with values of ∆E*ab < 3.5. The samples showed an elongation at break below 5%, which is characteristic of brittle materials. The X‐ray computed microtomography analysis revealed that the PMAA‐based hybrid sensor exhibited better dispersion in the PP matrix than the silica‐based sensor.
Supporting long‐term sustainability of ex situ collections using a pedigree‐based population management approach
Authors: Foster Jeremy A. , Walsh Seana K. , Havens Kayri , Kramer Andrea T. , Fant Jeremie B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseLiving collections maintained for generations are at risk of diversity loss, inbreeding, and adaptation to cultivation. To address these concerns, the zoo community uses pedigrees to track individuals and implement crosses that maximize founder contributions and minimize inbreeding. Using a pedigree management approach, we demonstrate how conducting strategic crosses can minimize genetic issues that have arisen under current practices.MethodsWe performed crosses between collections and compared progeny fitness, including plant performance and reproductive health. We genotyped the progeny and parental accessions to measure changes in diversity and relatedness within and between accessions.ResultsThe mean relatedness values among individuals within each accession suggest they are full siblings, demonstrating that there was high inbreeding and low diversity within accessions, although less so among accessions. Progeny from the wider crosses had increased genetic diversity and were larger and more fertile, while self‐pollinated accessions were smaller and less fertile.DiscussionInstitutions that hold exceptional species should consider how diversity is maintained within their collections. Implementing a pedigree‐based approach to managing plant reproduction ex situ will slow the inevitable loss of genetic diversity and, in turn, result in healthier collections.
In‐situ Polymerization Methods for Polymer‐based Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Sun Mengjun , Zeng Ziqi , Zhong Wei , Han Zhilong , Peng Linfeng , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe in‐situ polymerization methods (in‐situ methods) have led to huge advancement in the development of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with intimate interfacial contacts and continuous pathways for the conduction of lithium ion. Though promising, they still face obstacles that hinder their practical application, such as poor interfacial stability between initiators and electrodes and scalability challenges. To date, most studies have been largely focused on the discovery of novel monomers/oligomers that can be in‐situ polymerized. Additionally, recent reviews have examined the progress of monomers/oligomers and advantages of in‐situ methods. Recognizing this, in this review, we seek to summarize in‐situ methods from the viewpoint of initiators. We provide realistic assessments of interfacial stability of initiators with electrodes, and analyze their challenges and perspectives for actual application. We hope to inspire deeper considerations on selection of initiators and offer guidance for in‐situ preparation of SSBs with high performances.
Automatisierte Klassifizierung von Schäden an Massivbrücken mittels Neuronaler Netze
Authors: Flotzinger Johannes , Braml Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund eines alternden Bauwerksbestands sowie des stetigen Anstiegs des Schwerverkehrs ist eine regelmäßige und qualitativ hochwertige Bauwerksprüfung unabdingbar. Bei der Bewältigung dieser Aufgabe birgt die Zuhilfenahme digitaler Methoden im Rahmen der digitalisierten Inspektion (DI) großes Verbesserungspotenzial in Hinblick auf Wirtschaftlichkeit und Qualität. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der DI ist das automatisierte Erkennen von Schäden mit Künstlichen Neuronalen Netzen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Modellbasierte digitale Bauwerksprüfung – MoBaP“ werden an der Universität der Bundeswehr München Neuronale Netze für die Klassifizierung von Schäden an Massivbrücken trainiert. Auf dem derzeit größten Open‐Source‐Datensatz (CODEBRIM) dieser Domäne erzielt das im Folgenden dargestellte Netz eine Exact Match Ratio von 74 % und definiert damit das aktuell beste Modell zur Multi‐Target‐Klassifizierung. Um auch Neuronale Netze für die Objektdetektion und semantische Segmentierung dieser Domäne zu trainieren, wird ein eigener Datensatz erstellt. Dadurch wird neben dem Klassifizieren auch das Lokalisieren der Schäden auf Bildern ermöglicht. In diesem Aufsatz erörtern die Autoren das Vorgehen zum Trainieren Neuronaler Netze für die Klassifizierung von Schäden an Massivbrücken und eine detaillierte Analyse von Testergebnissen. Außerdem werden die Entwicklung und der aktuelle Stand eines eigenen Datensatzes vorgestellt.
Influence of cluster‐period cells in stepped wedge cluster randomized trials
Authors: Mildenberger Philipp , König Jochem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SWCRT) are increasingly used for the evaluation of complex interventions in health services research. They randomly allocate treatments to clusters that switch to intervention under investigation at variable time points without returning to control condition. The resulting unbalanced allocation over time periods and the uncertainty about the underlying correlation structures at cluster‐level renders designing and analyzing SWCRTs a challenge. Adjusting for time trends is recommended, appropriate parameterizations depend on the particular context. For sample size calculation, the covariance structure and covariance parameters are usually assumed to be known. These assumptions greatly affect the influence single cluster‐period cells have on the effect estimate. Thus, it is important to understand how cluster‐period cells contribute to the treatment effect estimate. We therefore discuss two measures of cell influence. These are functions of the design characteristics and covariance structure only and can thus be calculated at the planning stage: the coefficient matrix as discussed by Matthews and Forbes and information content (IC) as introduced by Kasza and Forbes. The main result is a new formula for IC that is more general and computationally more efficient. The formula applies to any generalized least squares estimator, especially for any type of time trend adjustment or nonblock diagonal matrices. We further show a functional relationship between IC and the coefficient matrix. We give two examples that tie in with current literature. All discussed tools and methods are implemented in the R package SteppedPower.
Dealing with stalking cases in Lithuania: The role of public perceptions and legal response
Authors: Laurinaitytė Ilona , Michailovič Ilona , Jarutienė Liubovė 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStalking is considered a dangerous form of victimization that requires an effective criminal justice response. In this current research, we aimed (1) to examine lifetime prevalence of stalking victimization and public perceptions of stalking as well as (2) to investigate the characteristics of stalking cases in recent court practice in Lithuania. In Study 1, a web‐based survey on a representative sample of 1517 respondents aged 18–87 years was conducted. In Study 2, an analysis of 100 court decisions was performed in stalking‐related criminal cases from 2016 to 2020. The research findings (i.e., stalking victimization and public perceptions of stalking phenomenon, coercive measures that were ordered in pre‐trial investigation, and sentences imposed closing the cases) are discussed in terms of the latest legal developments and existing response options, as well as considerations for future research.
Revelation of the transition‐metal doping mechanism in lithium manganese phosphate for high performance of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Li , Zhang Hao , Xu Hong , He Xiangming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been widely used due to its high theoretical capacity and good cycle stability, but lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4) with a higher operating voltage (4.1 V) has not been used, so it is necessary to conduct theoretical research on its inherent performance improvement strategy. The large‐scale application of LiMnPO4 is limited by its relatively low electronic and ionic conductivity. Improving the electronic and ionic conductivity of electrode materials by selective doping is an effective strategy. To determine the effect of doping of transition metals on the electrochemical properties of LiMnPO4 and to screen out doping models of cathode materials with excellent battery performance, we established all 3d, 4d, and 5d transition‐metal doping models of LiMnPO4. Through screening by first principles, the structural properties, band gap, doping formation energy, elastic properties, isotropy, and lithium/delithium voltage of the above models were compared and analyzed. According to the screening results, LiMnPO4 doped with Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Mo, Rh, Re, and Ir has excellent electrochemical properties and can be used as a good cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries; the inherent mechanism of the above materials is revealed.