bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Espin overexpression causes stereocilia defects and provides an anti‐capping effect on actin polymerization
Authors: Zheng Lili , Adam Stephen A. , García‐Anoveros Jaime , Mitchell Brian J. , Bartles James R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStereocilia are actin‐based projections of hair cells that are arranged in a step like array, in rows of increasing height, and that constitute the mechanosensory organelle used for the senses of hearing and balance. In order to function properly, stereocilia must attain precise sizes in different hair cell types and must coordinately form distinct rows with varying lengths. Espins are actin‐bundling proteins that have a well‐characterized role in stereocilia formation; loss of function mutations in Espin result in shorter stereocilia and deafness in the jerker mouse. Here we describe the generation of an Espin overexpressing transgenic mouse line that results in longer first row stereocilia and discoordination of second‐row stereocilia length. Furthermore, Espin overexpression results in the misregulation of other stereocilia factors including GNAI3, GPSM2, EPS8, WHRN, and MYO15A, revealing that GNAI3 and GPSM2 are dispensable for stereocilia overgrowth. Finally, using an in vitro actin polymerization assay we show that espin provides an anti‐capping function that requires both the G‐actin binding WH2 domain as well as either the C‐terminal F‐actin binding domain or the internal xAB actin‐binding domain. Our results provide a novel function for Espins at the barbed ends of actin filaments distinct from its previous known function of actin bundling that may account for their effects on stereocilia growth.
Coating Hollow Carbon Nitride Nanospheres with Porous WO3Shells to Construct Z‐Scheme Heterostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Chen Wenwen , Huang Zhongcheng , Wang Sibo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) Z‐scheme WO3@HCNS hollow nanohybrids with intimate interfacial contacts are constructed by assembling porous WO3shells on the outer surface of hollow carbon nitride spheres (HCNS). The structure, morphology, optical/electric and electrocatalytic properties of the WO3@HCNS heterostructures are systematically studied, and their photocatalytic performance is evaluated by water oxidation to generate oxygen under visible light (λ>420 nm). The optimal WO3@HCNS composite exhibits a high oxygen evolution rate (OER) of 23 μmol h−1, which is about 20‐fold that of pristine HCNS (OER=1.2 μmol h−1). The superior performance of WO3@HCNS is mainly attributed to the unique Z‐scheme hollow heterostructures with strongly coupled interfaces, which powerfully promotes the separation and migration of charge carriers, and the shuttling of mass transportation. The work may inspire future works on fabrication of nanoscale hollow carbon nitride‐based Z‐schematic heterostructures with tailored shells and tight junctions as high‐efficiency platforms for photocatalytic H2O splitting.
Neurotoxicity Evaluation of Nanomaterials Using C. elegans: Survival, Locomotion Behaviors, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zheng Fuli , Chen Cheng , Aschner Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanomaterials are broadly used in a variety of industries and consumer products. However, studies have demonstrated that many nanomaterials, including metal‐containing nanoparticles and nanoplastics, have neurotoxic effects. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a widely used model organism with numerous advantages for research, including transparency, short life span, well‐characterized nervous system, complete connectome, available genome, and numerous genetic tools. C. elegans has been extensively used to assess the neurotoxicity of multiple chemicals via survival assays, behavioral tests, neuronal morphology studies, and various molecular and mechanistic analyses. However, detailed protocols describing general assays in C. elegans to examine the neurotoxic effects of nanomaterials are limited. Here, we describe protocols for assessing nanomaterial neurotoxicity in C. elegans. We describe the steps for exposure and subsequent evaluation of survival, locomotion behavior, and oxidative stress. Survival and locomotion behavior are measured in wild‐type N2 strains to assess acute neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is used as an endpoint here since it is one of the most predominant and common changes induced by nanomaterials. VP596 nematodes, which express GFP upon activation of skn‐1 (the worm homolog of Nrf2), are evaluated for assays of oxidative stress in response to test nanomaterials. These assays can be readily used to quickly examine the neurotoxicity of nanomaterials in vivo, laying the foundation for mechanistic studies of nanomaterials and their impacts on health and physiology. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Exposure of C. elegans to nanomaterialsBasic Protocol 2: Survival assessmentBasic Protocol 3: Assessment of locomotion behaviorBasic Protocol 4: Analysis of oxidative stress
Massive bleeding from a duodenal ulcer in a child with influenza infection: A case report of endoscopic findings
Authors: Ishimoto Kenta , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Uchida Yasuyuki , Kajihara Keisuke , Obata Satoshi , Matsuura Toshiharu , Tajiri Tatsuro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal bleeding or perforation following influenza infection is rare. We encountered a pediatric case of hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer following influenza A infection. The patient was a 1‐year and 4‐month‐old boy who was diagnosed with influenza A infection and treated with laninamivir octanoate. After inhalation, he had diarrhea, poor appetite, and melena. The next day, he had hematochezia and developed hemorrhagic shock. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed extravasation in the descending part of the duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed spurting bleeding from a Dieulafoy's lesion on the oral side of the major papilla, and he underwent hemostasis by clipping. From the bulb to the descending part of the duodenum, the mucosa appeared atrophic with spotty redness on the circular folds and multiple and irregularly shaped erosions. Almost all mucosal lesions had healed by the eighth day, and he was monitored as an outpatient for more than one year without re‐bleeding. Intestinal ischemia, viral invasion, and drug reaction of laninamivir octanoate may be involved in duodenal mucosal injury. Acute duodenal ulcers may occur in children with influenza infection, especially young children.
Parents exposed to warming produce offspring lower in weight and condition
Authors: Spinks Rachel K. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Bonzi Lucrezia C. , Ravasi Timothy , Munday Philip L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe parental environment can alter offspring phenotypes via the transfer of non‐genetic information. Parental effects may be viewed as an extension of (within‐generation) phenotypic plasticity. Smaller size, poorer physical condition, and skewed sex ratios are common responses of organisms to global warming, yet whether parental effects alleviate, exacerbate, or have no impact on these responses has not been widely tested. Further, the relative non‐genetic influence of mothers and fathers and ontogenetic timing of parental exposure to warming on offspring phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we tested how maternal, paternal, and biparental exposure of a coral reef fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) to elevated temperature (+1.5°C) at different ontogenetic stages (development vs reproduction) influences offspring length, weight, condition, and sex. Fish were reared across two generations in present‐day and projected ocean warming in a full factorial design. As expected, offspring of parents exposed to present‐day control temperature that were reared in warmer water were shorter than their siblings reared in control temperature; however, within‐generation plasticity allowed maintenance of weight, resulting in a higher body condition. Parental exposure to warming, irrespective of ontogenetic timing and sex, resulted in decreased weight and condition in all offspring rearing temperatures. By contrast, offspring sex ratios were not strongly influenced by their rearing temperature or that of their parents. Together, our results reveal that phenotypic plasticity may help coral reef fishes maintain performance in a warm ocean within a generation, but could exacerbate the negative effects of warming between generations, regardless of when mothers and fathers are exposed to warming. Alternatively, the multigenerational impact on offspring weight and condition may be a necessary cost to adapt metabolism to increasing temperatures. This research highlights the importance of examining phenotypic plasticity within and between generations across a range of traits to accurately predict how organisms will respond to climate change.
The Batrachian Barf Bowl: An authentic research experience using ecological data from frog diets
Authors: Larson Joanna G. , Crowell Hayley L. , Walsh Lisa L. , Davis Rabosky Alison R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAuthentic research experiences (AREs) are a powerful strategy for inspiring and retaining students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. However, recent demand for virtual learning has emphasized the need for remote AREs that also foster a sense of community and interpersonal connections among participants. Here, we describe an ARE activity that leverages digitized diet data from natural history collections to provide students with collaborative research experience across any learning environment. Using magnified photographs of frog stomach contents collected in the Peruvian Amazon, we designed an open‐source “bowl game” competition that challenges students to identify, measure, and compare diet items across vouchered frog specimens (“Batrachian Barf Bowl”). To demonstrate learning outcomes, we ran this activity with 39 herpetology class students from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Michigan. We used pre‐ and post‐activity assessments to evaluate effectiveness, scientific accuracy of results, and impact on student well‐being. With minimal preparation and training in invertebrate identification, students were successful in identifying hundreds of frog diet items to taxonomic order, although accuracy varied among clades (global accuracy ~70%). While we found no difference in science identity, community, or self‐efficacy between the two institutions at either time point (pre‐ and post‐activity), we found that well‐being was significantly higher for both sets of students after the activity. Overall, this approach offers a model for combining active learning with museum collections to provide experiential research opportunities that highlight the power of scientific collaboration.
Living with a large predator: Assessing the root causes of Human–brown bear conflict and their spatial patterns in Lahaul valley, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Sharief Amira , Dutta Ritam , Mukherjee Tanoy , Joshi Bheem Dutt , Thakur Mukesh , Chandra Kailash , Adhikari Bhupendra Singh , Sharma Lalit Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrown bear‐mediated conflicts have caused immense economic loss to the local people living across the distribution range. In India, limited knowledge is available on the Himalayan brown bear (HBB), making human–brown bear conflict (HBC) mitigation more challenging. In this study, we studied HBC in the Lahaul valley using a semi‐structured questionnaire survey by interviewing 398 respondents from 37 villages. About 64.8% of respondents reported conflict in two major groups—crop damage (30.6%) and livestock depredations (6.2%), while 28% reported both. Conflict incidences were relatively high in summer and frequently occurred in areas closer to the forest (<500 m) and between the elevations range of 2700 m to 3000 m above sea level (asl). The dependency of locals on forest resources (70%) for their livelihood makes them vulnerable to HBC. The “upper lower” class respondents were most impacted among the various socioeconomic classes. Two of the four clusters were identified as HBC hot spots in Lahaul valley using SaTscan analysis. We also obtained high HBC in cluster II with a 14.35 km radius. We found that anthropogenic food provisioning for HBB, livestock grazing in bear habitats, and poor knowledge of animal behavior among the communities were the major causes of HBC. We suggest horticulture crop waste management, controlled and supervised grazing, ecotourism, the constitution of community watch groups, and others to mitigate HBC. We also recommend notifying a few HBB abundant sites in the valley as protected areas for the long‐term viability of the HBB in the landscape.
Alternative Methods for Item Parameter Estimation: From CTT to IRT
Authors: Guo Hongwen , Lu Ru , Johnson Matthew S. , McCaffrey Dan F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is desirable for an educational assessment to be constructed of items that can differentiate different performance levels of test takers, and thus it is important to estimate accurately the item discrimination parameters in either classical test theory or item response theory. It is particularly challenging to do so when the sample sizes are small. The current study reexamined the relationship between the biserial correlation coefficient and the discrimination parameter to investigate whether the biserial correlation coefficient estimator could be modified and whether biserial‐based estimators could be used as alternate estimates of the item discrimination indices. Results show that the modified and alternative approaches work slightly better under certain circumstances (e.g., for small sample sizes or shorter tests), assuming normality of the latent ability distribution. Applications of these alternative estimators are presented in item scaling and weighted differential item functioning analyses. Recommendations and limitations are discussed for practical use of these proposed methods.
RETRACTED: A lightweight access management scheme for the internet of things based smart applications
Authors: Saad Aldosary , Shalaby Ahmed , Mohamed Abdallah Abdulghaffar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) houses a diverse range of applications and users, providing different services securely. Privacy and access management are the challenging processes in administering user‐end security measures. User management, density, and behavior levy a complicated security requirement. A lightweight access management scheme (LAMS) is projected in this article to address this issue. User access permissions and privacy are jointly handled by this scheme based on trust evaluation (TE) and access history. In this scheme, an interlinked relationship is constructed between the trust and access permission features in the IoT platform verified using the transfer learning paradigm. The previous TE is used for deciding the access delegation level for the current user application. In the privacy‐preserving process, amendable keys are used for securing the delegated access sessions alone. This key distribution is used for adapting varying session lengths, preventing privacy breaches. In this key generation and distribution, the elliptic curve cryptographic paradigm is used that adapts the session length and access permission relationship defined. The proposed scheme's performance is verified using 12.32% less access time, 7.16% less failure, 10.27% high sustainability, 11.98% less authentication time, and 10.47% less overhead for different session lengths. In addition to this, the method achieves 12.42% less access time, 8.4% less failure, 11.91% high sustainability, 10.9% less authentication time, and 10.34% less overhead for different users.
Double vitrification–warming cycles, coupled with blastocyst biopsy, impair live birth but do not affect neonatal outcomes
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Li Wei , Jia Hongran , Gao Yan’e , Shi Wenhao , Bai Haiyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify whether the transfer of blastocysts that have been vitrified, thawed, biopsied, revitrified, and subsequently rethawed affects clinical outcome and neonatal outcome.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a single assisted reproduction technology center from September 2016 to March 2021. Women undergoing single frozen euploid blastocysts transfer were stratified into two groups based on number of vitrification‐thawing cycles: single vitrification coupled with single biopsy (group A, n = 177) and double vitrification coupled with single biopsy (group B, n = 30). Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of the two groups were compared.ResultsClinical pregnancy rates were similar between the two groups. Group B was associated with a lower chance of live birth when compared with group A by different multivariable analysis models (model 1: odds ratio, 0.42 [95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.97], P = 0.041; model 2: odds ratio, 0.38 [95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.92], P = 0.033). No major obstetrical complication was reported in the two groups and only one malformation live birth was reported in group A.ConclusionThe procedure of double vitrification‐warming cycles, coupled with single biopsy, increases pregnancy loss and ultimately diminishes live birth but does not affect perinatal outcome. Future studies with a larger sample size would help to validate the results.
Florida Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory and Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory: A reliability generalization meta‐analysis
Authors: Sandoval‐Lentisco Alejandro , López‐Nicolás Rubén , López‐López José Antonio , Sánchez‐Meca Julio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) and its pediatric version, the Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C‐FOCI), are instruments for evaluating obsessive‐compulsive symptomatology.MethodA reliability generalization meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate an average reliability of the scores and to identify study characteristics that explained the heterogeneity among scores. Using Kuder–Richardson 20 (KR‐20) and Cronbach's α, a total of 23 and 20 independent samples were included in the meta‐analysis for the FOCI and C‐FOCI.ResultsWe found an average KR‐20 of 0.826 for the FOCI's Symptom Checklist and an α of 0.882 FOCI's Symptom Severity. An average KR‐20 of 0.740 was found for the C‐FOCI's Symptom Checklist, while an average α of 0.794 was found for the C‐FOCI's Symptom Severity. Moderator analyses showed that the source of the coefficients (i.e., whether they were reported by the authors of the primary study or estimated by the meta‐analysts) was an important variable for the FOCI Symptom Severity, and that the focus of the study (i.e., whether it was psychometric or applied) and the sample size were relevant for the C‐FOCI Symptom Checklist.ConclusionsConsidering that the FOCI and C‐FOCI are scales characterized by their brevity and ease of use, and the reliabilities obtained here, both scales are well suited for screening purposes.
Supereulerian regular matroids without small cocircuits
Authors: Huo Bofeng , Du Qingsong , Li Ping , Wu Yang , Yin Jun , Lai Hong‐Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA cycle of a matroid is a disjoint union of circuits. A matroid is supereulerian if it contains a spanning cycle. To answer an open problem of Bauer in 1985, Catlin proved in [J. Graph Theory 12 (1988) 29–44] that for sufficiently large , every 2‐edge‐connected simple graph with and minimum degree is supereulerian. In [Eur. J. Combinatorics, 33 (2012), 1765–1776], it is shown that for any connected simple regular matroid , if every cocircuit of satisfies , then is supereulerian. We prove the following. (i) Let be a connected simple regular matroid. If every cocircuit of satisfies , then is supereulerian. (ii) For any real number with , there exists an integer such that if every cocircuit of a connected simple cographic matroid satisfies , then is supereulerian.
Hidden behind the model minority stereotype: Exploring disparities and the role of parent empowerment in Asian students’ college enrollment
Authors: Kim Jungnam , Bryan Julia Green , Griffin Dana , Sharma Gitima 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between Asian parent empowerment and their children's college enrollment in a sample of 357 Asian parents from various ethnic subgroups using the High School Longitudinal Study 2009. A multinomial logistic regression indicated differences in Asian students’ college enrollment by ethnic subgroup and income and in the role of personal and community parent empowerment in college enrollment. The results indicate the danger of the model minority myth in masking disparities among Asian students.
Applications of Telemedicine in Speech‐Language Pathology: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Little Christine C. , Russell Stephen , Hwang Chaewon , Goldberg Leanne , Brown Sarah , Kirke Diana , Courey Mark 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with speech‐language therapy televisits and to identify factors influencing the level of satisfaction.MethodsParticipants were recruited from an academic tertiary voice and swallowing center who had completed ≥1 telehealth session of speech‐language therapy with a speech‐language pathologist between March, 2020 and April, 2021. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS), a validated 7‐item survey. Demographic characteristics of participants were collected from a review of patient charts.Results65/239 patients completed the SAPS survey, representing a response rate of 27%. The average age of study participants was 54.92 ± 16.45 years, with 49.2% identifying as female, 33.9% as male, and 16.9% as trans‐female. The mean SAPS score was 22.60 ± 3.89, with 84.62% of patients satisfied or very satisfied with their visit. Patients were most satisfied with provider respect (3.91 ± 0.34) and care received (3.74 ± 0.64), and least satisfied with visit length (2.32 ± 1.38) and explanation of treatment results (2.62 ± 1.72). Patient satisfaction was positively correlated with younger age and an increased number of televisits. Satisfaction did not differ significantly by gender identity, type of therapy received, insurance type, travel distance, or prior in‐person therapy.ConclusionClinicians are able to achieve high patient satisfaction with speech‐language therapy when delivered by telehealth. Patient satisfaction remained high across diverse patient populations and range of clinical needs. Clinicians should remain cognizant of the unique limitations of older patients when conducting telehealth visits.Lay SummaryClinicians are able to achieve high patient satisfaction with speech‐language therapy when delivered via telehealth. Satisfaction remained high regardless of gender identity, type of therapy received, type of insurance, travel distance, or completion of prior in‐person therapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:895–900, 2023
A theory for the relationship between lake surface area and maximum depth
Authors: Cael B. B. , Seekell David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaximum depth is crucial for many lake processes and biota, but attempts to explain its variation have achieved little predictive power. In this paper, we describe the probability distribution of maximum depths based on recent developments in the theory of fractal Brownian motions. The theoretical distribution is right‐tailed and adequately captures variations in maximum depth in a dataset of 8164 lakes (maximum depths 0.1–135 m) from the northeastern United States. Maximum depth increases with surface area, but with substantial random variation—the 95% prediction interval spans more than an order of magnitude for lakes with any specific surface area. Our results explain the observed variability in lake maximum depths, capture the link between topographic characteristics and lake bathymetry, and provide a means to upscale maximum depth‐dependent processes, which we illustrate by upscaling the diffusive flux of methane from northern lakes to the atmosphere.