bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI LUAS DAN KELILING BANGUN DATAR PERSEGI DAN PERSEGI PANJANG MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING) PADA SISWA KELAS IV.B SDN 1 BAHARU SELATAN TA. 2018/2019
Authors: Firmansyah Donny 
Published: March 2022

Berawal dari kenyataan rendahnya hasil belajar matematika pada materi luas dan keliling bangun datar persegi dan persegi panjang. Untuk itu penulis mencoba memperbaiki hal tersebut dengan melakukan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (class action research). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari tahap : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan,d an refleksi. Data penelitian tersebut diperoleh dengan tes tertulis serta menggunakan lemabaran observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV.B semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 SDN 1 Baharu Selatan sebanyak 21 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah masalah (problem based learning) dapat meningkat dengan ketuntasan 76% di siklus I pada ranah kognitif. Aktivitas guru dalam mengajar 75% terlaksana dan aktivitas siswa 72%. Setelah direfleksi terjadi peningkatan di siklus II ketuntasan siswa pada ranah kognitif 90%. Aktivitas guru dalam mengajar 88% serta aktivitas siswa 86%. Dari analisis penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning) terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi luas dan keliling bangun datar persegi dan persegi panjang melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning) pada siswa kelas IV.B SDN 1 Baharu Selatan.

Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar. Matematika, dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (problem based learning).
Belis: Sebuah Tradisi Perkawinan Suku Dawan
Authors: Nono Fredirikus 
Published: March 2022

Belis is a tradition that has noble values ​​and a form of respect for women. The purpose of this study is to describe the Belis tradition and the importance of Belis in the traditional marriage of the Dawan-Timor tribe. In addition, this study also aims to link and compare the Belis culture with the marriage law of the Catholic church which is regulated in the Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church, especially with regard to the Marriage Agreement. The results showed that Belis is a tradition in the traditional marriage of the Dawan tribe. This Belis tradition has been abandoned and adopted by the Dawan community on the island of Timor. In the traditional marriage of the Dawan people, Belis always has a very important and main role. It is said that when we talk about marriage, we are talking about belis. In this study, it was also found that Belis became one of the problems and obstacles for the Dawan community in terms of marriage. Belis seems to be considered more important and is used as the main condition in marriage so that it seems to override the main requirements of marriage in the marriage law of the Catholic church. The research method used is a comparative study with a descriptive approach. Methods of data collection using a literature review.
Abstrak Indonesia
Belis merupakan tradisi yang memiliki nilai-nilai luhur dan bentuk penghargaan terhadap perempuan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang tradisi Belis dan pentingnya Belis dalam perkawinan adat suku Dawan-Timor. Selian itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengaitkan dan membandingkan budaya Belis tersebut dengan hukum perkawinan gereja Katolik yang diatur dalam Kitab Hukum Kanonik Gereja Katolik, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Kesepakatan Nikah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Belis merupakan tradisi dalam perkawinan adat suku Dawan. Tradisi Belis ini telah ditinggalkan dan diadopsi oleh masyarakat Dawan di pulau Timor. Dalam perkawinan adat masyarakat Dawan, Belis selalu mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dan utama. Dikatakan bahwa jika berbicara soal perkawinan berarti berbicara soal Belis. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan juga bahwa Belis menjadi salah satu masalah dan hambatan bagi masyarakat Dawan dalam hal perkwainan. Belis terkesan dianggap lebih penting dan dijadikan sebagai syarat utama dalam perkawinan sehingga terkesan mengesampingkan syarat utama perkawinan dalam hukum perkawinan gereja Katolik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tinjauan pustaka.
Dilematika Teologis Karakter Allah Dan Kehendak Bebas Firaun Dalam Keluaran 9:12
Authors: Laia Harman Ziduhu , Prasetyo Widi , Ari Wibowo Daniel 
Published: March 2022

The texts concerning God’s hardening of Pharaoh's heart (in Ex. 9:12, and related texts) have introduced a very complex question and tension within the Christian community, namely the very difficult theological dilemma concerning the character of God and Pharaoh's free will as a human being. On the one hand, some people have fallen into interpretations that exalt the sovereignty of God and ignore the free will of man, while on the other hand some exalt the free will of man but ignore the sovereignty of God. The most appalling consequence is that some people leave Christ and Christianity because of this unresolved text issue. However, an in-depth exegetical study of the issue proves both God's sovereignty over Pharaoh and his responsibility for his own free will.
Abstrak Indonesia
Teks tentang Allah mengeraskan hati Firaun (Kel. 9:12, dan sebagianya) telah membawa persoalan yang sangat kompleks dalam kekristenan, di mana di dalamnya terdapat dilematika teologis yang sangat sulit antara karakter Alllah dan kehendak bebas Firaun sebagai manusia. Di satu sisi, beberapa orang telah jatuh pada tafsiran yang meninggikan kedaulatan Allah dan mengabaikan kehendak bebas manusia, sedangkan di sisi lain sebagian meninggikan kehendak bebas manusia namun mengabaikan kedaulatan Allah. Bahkan hal yang paling mengerikan adalah beberapa orang meninggalkan kekristenan akibat persoalan teks ini. Studi eksegesis yang mendalam, sebaliknya menunjukkan bahwa persoalan itu membuktikan kedaulatan Allah atas Firaun dan tanggung jawabnya atas pilihan kehendak bebasnya sendiri.
Patterns of Clinical Reactivity in a Danish Cohort of Tree Nut Allergic Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Juel-Berg Nanna , Larsen Lau Fabricius , Küchen Niels , Norgil Ida , Hansen Kirsten Skamstrup , Poulsen Lars K. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTree nut allergy is associated with severe reactions and poly-sensitization to other nuts and peanuts often occurs. There are regional differences in sensitization profiles that result in differences in clinical presentation. Denmark is located in a birch pollen endemic area, which could influence the allergy patterns due to pollen cross-sensitization.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate patterns of sensitization and clinical reactivity to tree nuts and peanuts and threshold levels for oral food challenges (OFCs) in a Danish cohort of tree nut allergic children, adolescents, and young adults.MethodsForty tree nut allergic subjects were assessed for clinical reactivity to six nuts, i.e., hazelnut, walnut, pistachio, cashew, almond, and peanut, by OFCs or convincing medical history of an immediate allergic reaction or tolerance. Clinical presentation and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels together with eliciting dose and rescue medication in OFCs were furthermore assessed.ResultsAllergy to two or more tree nuts was observed in most cases. Hazelnut-walnut dual allergy was common but not exclusively observed as concomitant allergies. Allergy to cashew was coincided in all but one of the assessed subjects with pistachio allergy. Half of all assessed subjects were allergic to peanuts. Oral symptoms followed by a skin reaction were the most common symptomatology that lead to OFC cessation and subjects often presented with symptoms from two or more organ systems. OFC threshold levels were within the same range, but cashew was distinguished from other nuts by causing allergic symptoms at the lowest dose. Clinical reactivity and the allergy patterns were to some extent reflected by sIgE levels and by correlations in sIgE between the nuts.ConclusionsIn this Northern European cohort, subjects with clinically relevant tree nut allergy were generally allergic to two or more tree nuts and close to half of them also to peanuts. There were two distinct and independent allergic phenotypes; the majority of hazelnut allergic subjects were also allergic to walnut, and all but one subject with cashew allergy were dual allergic to pistachio. These findings are consistent with a strong sIgE correlation between hazelnut and walnut and a close to total sIgE correlation between cashew and pistachio.
Evaluation of Carbapenem Use Before and After Implementation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship-Led Carbapenem-Sparing Strategy in a Lebanese Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: El Masri Mira , Haddad Nisrine , Saad Therese , Rizk Nesrine A. , Zakhour Ramia , Kanj Souha S. , Zeenny Rony M. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe use of carbapenem before and after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship-led carbapenem-sparing strategy at a tertiary care center in Lebanon was evaluated.MethodsA retrospective, observational chart review was performed on all hospitalized pediatric and adult patients who received carbapenem therapy during January 2019 and January 2020. Patients who started their regimen before January or received carbapenems for less than 24 hours were excluded. Primary outcomes included the appropriateness of physician prescribing patterns and pharmacists’ interventions, as well as appropriateness and response rates of the latter. Secondary outcomes included the carbapenem defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT). Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsA total of 157 and 150 patients charts were reviewed in January 2019 and January 2020, respectively. There was no difference in baseline characteristics except for inpatient services and rates of isolated multidrug-resistant organisms. When comparing the two timelines, the appropriateness of physicians’ prescribing patterns increased in terms of empirical therapy, targeted therapy, and duration of therapy but the results were not statistically significant. Pharmacists’ interventions significantly increased with regards to the duration of therapy (p= &lt;0.001), dose adjustment (p&lt;0.001), de-escalation to a narrower spectrum antibiotic (p=0.007), and use of extended infusion (p=0.042). The DDD and DOT were higher for ertapenem and lower for anti-pseudomonal carbapenems in January 2020.ConclusionThe carbapenem-sparing strategy adopted by the antimicrobial stewardship program contributed to an increase in the number of interventions made by pharmacists on carbapenem therapy, including their appropriateness, and response rate. Despite an improvement in the physician-prescribing patterns, more awareness and education may be needed to achieve a better impact.
A 1.5 Ma Marine Record of Volcanic Activity and Associated Landslides Offshore Martinique (Lesser Antilles): Sites U1397 and U1399 of IODP 340 Expedition
Authors: Villemant Benoît , Le Friant Anne , Caron Benoît , Del Manzo Giulia , Lafuerza Sara , Emmanuel Laurent , Ishizuka Osamu , Guyard Hervé , Labourdette Nathalie , Michel Agnès , Hidalgo Samia 
Published: March 2022

The products of eruptive and mass-wasting processes that built island arc volcanoes are better preserved in marine deposits than on land. Holes U1397A and U1399A drilled during IODP Expedition 340 provide a 1.5 Ma record of the volcanic history of Martinique. 14C dating and δ18O patterns are used to reconstitute the chronostratigraphy of tephra, volcaniclastic turbidites, and mass-wasting events (traced by debris avalanches, debrites, and duplication and deformation of pre-existing sediments), leading to a new volcanic history of Montagne Pelée and Pitons du Carbet volcanoes. The top 50 m of core U1397A provides a continuous high-resolution sedimentation record over the last ∼130 ka. The sedimentation record deeper than 50 m in core U1397A and in the whole core U1399A is discontinuous because of the numerous sliding and deformation events triggered by debris avalanches related to flank collapses. Three successive activity periods are identified since ∼190 ka: the “Old Pelée” until 50 ka, the “Grand Rivière” (50–20 ka), and the “Recent Pelée” (20 ka—present day). The first two periods have the highest volcanic deposition rates offshore but very little outcrop on land. The whole magmatic activity of Mt Pelée comprises silicic andesites, but mafic andesites were also emitted during the whole “Grand Rivière.” At ∼115 ka, a major flank collapse (“Le Prêcheur”) produced a debris avalanche and submarine landslide that affected sea floor sediments by erosion and deformation up to ∼70 km from the shore. The Pitons du Carbet volcano was active from 1.2 Ma to 260 ka with numerous large flank collapses at a mean rate of 1 event every 100 ka. The average deposition rate of tephra fall offshore is much less than that at Mt Pelée. Our data show that correlations between the timing of large landslides or emission of mafic magmas and rapid sea level rise or lowstands suggested by previous studies are not systematic. The reconstituted chronostratigraphy of cores U1397A and U1399A provides the framework necessary for further studies of the magma petrology and production rates and timing of the mechanisms triggering flank collapses and related submarine landslides of Mt Pelée and Pitons du Carbet.
Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Testosterone in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Shuang , Cao Ruying , Liu Luna , Lv Youyuan , Qi Xiangyu , Yuan Zhongshang , Fan Xiude , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed at investigating the association between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and providing a new strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of testosterone deficiency in T2DM patients.MethodsIn an observational study including 46 T2DM male patients, the peripheral venous blood and fecal samples of all subjects were collected. The V3–V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were amplified and sequenced. Alpha and beta diversities were calculated by QIIME software. The possible association between gut microbial community and clinical indicators was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The association between the relative abundance of bacteria and testosterone levels was discovered using linear regression analysis in R language.ResultsThere was no substantial difference in alpha and beta diversity. Blautia and Lachnospirales were significantly much higher in the testosterone deficiency group. Linear regression analysis showed that the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level and Lachnospirales at the order level were negatively correlated with testosterone level. After correcting for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the relative abundance of Lachnospirales still had a significant negative correlation with testosterone level. Meanwhile, at the genus level, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, and Bergeyella had a statistically significant negative association with testosterone level, respectively. Blautia was positively associated with FPG and total cholesterol level. Streptococcus was found positively associated with insulin, connecting peptide, and index of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.ConclusionT2DM patients with testosterone deficiency have different gut microbiota compositions compared with T2DM patients alone. Low serum testosterone patients tend to have an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which may be related to the occurrence and development of testosterone deficiency.
Novel Genetic Signatures Associated With Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Logan Robert , Dubel-Haag Juleah , Schcolnicov Nicolas , Miller Sean J. 
Published: March 2022

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex polygenetic neurodegenerative disorder. Establishing a diagnosis for ALS is a challenging and lengthy process. By the time a diagnosis is made, the lifespan prognosis is only about two to 5 years. Genetic testing can be critical in assessing a patient’s risk for ALS, provided they have one of the known familial genes. However, the vast majority of ALS cases are sporadic and have no known associated genetic signatures. Our analysis of the whole genome sequencing data from ALS patients and healthy controls from the Answer ALS Consortium has uncovered twenty-three novel mutations in twenty-two protein-coding genes associated with sporadic ALS cases. The results show the majority of patients with the sporadic form of ALS have at least one or more mutation(s) in the 22 genes we have identified with probabilities of developing ALS ranging from 25–99%, depending on the number of mutations a patient has among the identified genes. Moreover, we have identified a subset of the ALS cohort that has &gt;17 mutations in the 22 identified. In this case, a patient with this mutation profile has a 99% chance of developing ALS and could be classified as being at high risk for the disease. These genetic biomarkers can be used as an early ALS disease diagnostic tool with a rapid and non-invasive technique.
Kappa Free Light Chains, Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, and Interleukin-6 Help Explore Patients Presenting With Brain White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Levraut Michael , Landes Cassandre , Mondot Lydiane , Cohen Mikael , Bresch Saskia , Brglez Vesna , Seitz-Polski Barbara , Lebrun-Frenay Christine 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMany patients are referred to multiple sclerosis (MS) tertiary centers to manage brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Multiple diagnoses can match in such situations, and we lack proper tools to diagnose complex cases.ObjectiveThis study aimed to prospectively analyze and correlate with the final diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin (IL)-1β, soluble IL-2 receptor (CD25), IL-6, IL-10, and kappa free light chains (KFLC) concentrations in patients presenting with brain WMH.MethodsAll patients over 18 years addressed to our MS tertiary center for the diagnostic workup of brain WMH were included from June 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. Patients were separated into three groups—MS and related disorder (MSARD), other inflammatory neurological disorder (OIND), and non-inflammatory neurological disorder (NIND) groups—according to clinical presentation, MRI characteristics, and biological workup.ResultsA total of 176 patients (129 women, mean age 45.8 ± 14.7 years) were included. The diagnosis was MSARD (n = 88), OIND (n = 35), and NIND (n = 53). Median CSF KFLC index and KFLC intrathecal fraction (IF) were higher in MSARD than in the OIND and NIND groups; p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons. CSF CD25 and IL-6 concentrations were higher in the OIND group than in both the MSARD and NIND groups; p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons. KFLC index could rule in MSARD when compared to NIND (sensitivity, 0.76; specificity, 0.91) or OIND (sensitivity, 0.73; specificity, 0.76). These results were similar to those with oligoclonal bands (sensitivity, 0.59; specificity, 0.98 compared to NIND; sensitivity, 0.59; specificity, 0.88 compared to OIND). In contrast, elevated CSF CD25 and IL-6 could rule out MSARD when compared to OIND (sensitivity, 0.58 and 0.88; specificity, 0.95 and 0.74, respectively).DiscussionOur results show that, as OCBs, KFLC biomarkers are helpful tools to rule in MSARD, whereas elevated CSF CD25 and IL-6 rule out MSARD. Interestingly, CSF IL-6 concentration could help identify neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis. These results need to be confirmed within more extensive and multicentric studies. Still, they sustain that KFLC, CSF CD25, and CSF IL-6 could be reliable biomarkers in brain WMH diagnostic workup for differentiating MSARD from other brain inflammatory MS mimickers.
Leprosy Reactions and Neuropathic Pain in Pure Neural Leprosy in a Reference Center in Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
Authors: Pitta Izabela Jardim Rodrigues , Hacker Mariana Andrea , Vital Robson Teixeira , Andrade Ligia Rocha , Spitz Clarissa Neves , Sales Anna Maria , Antunes Sergio Luiz Gomes , Sarno Euzenir Nunes , Jardim Marcia Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionLeprosy reactions are complications that can occur before, during, or after multidrug therapy (MDT) and are considered a major cause of nerve damage. Neuritis is an inflammatory process that causes nerve function impairment associated with pain and tenderness along the nerve. Neuritis can be found in both type 1 and type 2 reactions and may also be the sole manifestation of a leprosy reaction. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of leprosy reactions and its association with neuropathic pain in pure neural leprosy (PNL) patients.MethodsWe selected 52 patients diagnosed with PNL and 67 patients with other clinical forms of leprosy. During the MDT the patients visited the clinic monthly to take their supervised dose. The patients were instructed to return immediately if any new neurological deficit or skin lesions occurred during or after the MDT.ResultsOf the PNL patients, 23.1% had a leprosy reaction during or after the MDT, while this was 59.7% for patients with the other clinical forms of leprosy. There was an association between having PNL and not having any reaction during and after the MDT, as well as having PNL and having neuritis after the MDT.There was also an association between having previous neuritis and having neuropathic pain in the other clinical forms of leprosy group, although this association was not present in the PNL group.DiscussionOur data suggest that PNL is a different form of the disease, which is immunologically more stable. In addition, PNL patients have more neuritis than the classical leprosy skin reactions. In PNL there was no association between acute neuritis and neuropathic pain, suggesting that these patients may have had silent neuritis. Understanding and identifying neuritis is essential to reduce disability and the impact on public health.