bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem benefits of adopting a whole‐site approach to MPA management
Authors: Davies Bede Ffinian Rowe , Holmes Luke , Attrill Martin J. , Sheehan Emma V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobally, nations are designating marine protected areas to recover and protect habitats and species. With targets to protect 30% of marine areas by 2030, the effectiveness of MPAs to protect designated space is important. In Lyme Bay (south‐west UK), two co‐located MPAs have each adopted different management styles to exclude mobile demersal fishing: a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) protecting the known extent of sensitive reef habitat and an area including a mosaic of reef and sedimentary habitats where the whole site is protected from mobile demersal fishing under a statutory instrument (SI). Underwater videography, both towed (individuals m−2) and baited (MaxN), was used to enumerate change over time of reef species (number of taxa, total abundance, functional richness and functional redundancy) in the MPAs and nearby control areas (2008–2019). Total abundance and functional redundancy of sessile taxa and functional richness of mobile taxa increased, while the number of sessile or mobile taxa, functional richness of sessile taxa, total abundance of mobile taxa or functional redundancy of mobile taxa did not differ from nearby control sites. Over time, both management styles did result in increases in sessile and sedentary taxa diversity relative to open controls, with increases in total abundance of 15% and 95% in the “feature‐based” and whole‐site MPAs, respectively, alongside increases in the number of sessile taxa of 44% over time in the “feature‐based” MPA. However, the mobile taxa in the whole‐site MPA showed levels of functional redundancy 7% higher than the “feature‐based” MPA, indicative of a higher community resilience inside the whole‐site MPA to perturbations, such as storms or biological invasions. Increases seen in the diversity of sessile taxa were expected only in areas where mobile demersal fishing was excluded (~46.8% of its areas). Therefore, if the whole “feature‐based” MPA was consistently protected, we expected to see similar levels of increase in the functional extent of reef. While the “feature‐based” MPA showed similar results over time to that of the “whole site,” the “whole site” showed higher levels of diversity, both taxonomical and functional.
Quantification of perception towards facial skin ideal complexion in multiple ethnic populations from clinical imaging cues
Authors: Wu Ziqi , Qu Di , Whitehead Sarah , Wang Xiaojuan , Liu Jianwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIdeal complexion is a perceptual skin quality that is strongly influenced by cultural and ethnic background. The objectives of this study are to quantitatively characterise skin ideal complexion based on clinical image cues and to compare the perceptions of ideal complexion among multiple ethnicities.MethodsFacial images of Indian, Chinese, Caucasian and Latino females collected using VISIA®‐CR were presented to naïve panels of the same ethnicity following a two‐alternative forced choice design and responses on skin ‘ideal complexion’ were obtained from 336 panellists. Panel perception was transformed logistically (d′) and projected onto a continuum (ω) following Bradley‐Terry model. Image cues including skin colour and unevenness, skin shine and surface smoothness and pigmentary blotches and spots were computed using image analysis, and their relationship with ω was evaluated through multiple regression analysis. A novel skin index, namely ideal complexion score (ICS), was developed and correlated against age using linear regression. Finally, ICS was applied to evaluate treatment efficacy of a skin brightening kit on 35 female Caucasian subjects.ResultsPanel perceptiond′showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the contrast of image cues for all ethnic panels (R2 = 0.74, 0.76, 0.62 and 0.46 for Indian, Chinese, Caucasian and Latino respectively) and strong correlations between perception ω and linear combinations of image cues were observed (R2 > 0.88 for all). Main effects of facial image visual cues on ideal complexion were compared: contrast of skin redness and pigmented spots and visual smoothness were important in determining ICS for all ethnicities; skin colour unevenness was more pronounced for Indian and Caucasian; skin lightness was important for Indian and Chinese; skin shine was critical for Chinese and Latino; and skin hue angle ranked higher for Caucasian. Correlations between ICS and age were observed for Indian and Caucasian (R2 = 0.55) in which ICS decreased as age increased. Twenty‐nine percent improvement on ICS was observed after 12 weeks' treatment using the brightening kit compared with the baseline.ConclusionMathematical models were successfully established to describe subjective perception towards skin ideal complexion based on objectively measured image cues for multiple ethnicities.
Sintering behavior of the Ti(C,N)‐based cermets with graphite or diamond additives
Authors: Zhou Haojun , Tao Hongliang , Wu Ning , Li Yimin , Yin Yuhang , Luo Fenghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCombining DSC/TG–QMS analysis and dilatometry experiments at constant heating rates, the sintering behaviors of the Ti(C,N)‐based cermets with carbon additives were studied. It is found that the additives of diamond or graphite could promote the interactions among raw powders during solid‐state sintering. The outgassing behavior and endothermic effect were enhanced, thereby resulting in the increasing densification activation energy. The negative activation energy during the liquid phase sintering indicates that the dissolution–precipitation process occurs easily and provides a rapid densification path. The dissolution–precipitation process for cermets with .6‐wt% graphite or .6‐wt% diamond additive became more efficient than for cermets without additional carbon additive. The white‐core/gray‐rim grains were clustered together in the cermets with .6‐wt% graphite additive, whereas they were distributed evenly in the cermets with .6‐wt% diamond additive. Moreover, the average sizes of ceramic grains in the cermets without additional carbon additive, and with .6‐wt% graphite or .6‐wt% diamond additives, were .453, and .517, or .525 μm, respectively.
Metabolic phenotyping of acquired ampicillin resistance using microbial volatiles from Escherichia coli cultures
Authors: Dixon Breanna , Ahmed Waqar M. , Mohamed Abubaker A. , Felton Tim , Fowler Stephen J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study sought to assess the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of ampicillin-resistant and -susceptible Escherichia coli to evaluate whether VOC analysis may be utilized to identify resistant phenotypes.

Methods and Results
An E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain and its pET16b plasmid transformed ampicillin-resistant counterpart were cultured for 6 h in drug-free, low- and high-concentrations of ampicillin. Headspace analysis was undertaken using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results revealed distinct VOC profiles with ampicillin-resistant bacteria distinguishable from their susceptible counterparts using as few as six compounds. A minimum of 30 compounds (fold change &gt;2, p ≤ 0.05) were differentially expressed between the strains across all set-ups. Furthermore, three compounds (indole, acetoin and 3-methyl-1-butanol) were observed to be significantly more abundant (fold change &gt;2, p ≤ 0.05) in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain both in the presence and in the absence of drug stress.

Conclusions
Results indicate that E. coli with acquired ampicillin resistance exhibit an altered VOC profile compared to their susceptible counterpart both in the presence and in the absence of antibiotic stress. This suggests that there are fundamental differences between the metabolisms of ampicillin-resistant and -susceptible E. coli which may be detected by means of VOC analysis.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our findings suggest that VOC profiles may be utilized to differentiate between resistant and susceptible bacteria using just six compounds. Consequently, the development of machine-learning models using VOC signatures shows considerable diagnostic applicability for the rapid and accurate detection of antimicrobial resistance.
Supporting parenting among Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a randomized controlled trial of the caregiver support intervention
Authors: Miller Kenneth E. , Chen Alexandra , Koppenol‐Gonzalez Gabriela V. , Bakolis Ioannis , Arnous Maguy , Tossyeh Fadila , El Hassan Ahmad , Saleh Ahmad , Saade Joy , Nahas Nayla , Abboud Marianne , Jawad Lya , Jordans Mark J.D. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundParenting interventions in humanitarian settings have prioritized the acquisition of parenting knowledge and skills, while overlooking the adverse effects of stress and distress on parenting—a key mediator of refugee children's mental health. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Caregiver Support Intervention (CSI), which emphasizes caregiver wellbeing together with training in positive parenting.MethodsWe conducted a two‐arm randomized controlled trial of the CSI with Syrian refugees in Lebanon, with an intent‐to‐treat design, from September 2019–December 2020. A total of 480 caregivers from 240 families were randomized to the CSI or a waitlist control group (1:1). Retention from baseline to endline was 93%. Data on parenting and caregiver psychological wellbeing were collected at baseline, endline, and three‐month follow‐up. Prospective trial registration: ISRCTN22321773.ResultsWe did not find a significant change on overall parenting skills at endline (primary outcome endpoint) (d = .11, p = .126) or at follow‐up (Cohen's d = .15, p = .054). We did find a significant effect on overall parenting skills among participants receiving the full intervention—the sub‐sample not interrupted by (COVID‐19) (d = 0.25, p < .05). The CSI showed beneficial effects in the full sample at endline and follow‐up on harsh parenting (d = −.17, p < .05; d = .19, p < .05), parenting knowledge (d = .63, p < .001; d = .50, p < .001), and caregiver distress (d = −.33, p < .001; d = .23, p < .01). We found no effects on parental warmth and responsiveness, psychosocial wellbeing, stress, or stress management. Changes in caregiver wellbeing partially mediated the impact of the CSI on harsh parenting, accounting for 37% of the reduction in harsh parenting.ConclusionsThe CSI reduced harsh parenting and caregiver distress, and demonstrated the value of addressing caregiver wellbeing as a pathway to strengthening parenting in adversity. These effects were achieved despite a pandemic‐related lockdown that impacted implementation, a severe economic crisis, and widespread social unrest. Replication under less extreme conditions may more accurately demonstrate the intervention's full potential.
In‐river behaviour and freshwater return rates of sea trout, Salmo truttaL., from two coastal river populations
Authors: Kennedy Richard James , Barry James , Roche William , Rosell Robert , Allen Michelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effective management of anadromous Salmo trutta resources is challenging because long‐term data on life history, phenology and survival are sparse and most stocks across the range are highly diverse and data‐limited. The current study employed acoustic telemetry to tag 448 sea trout across three life stages, to describe the phenology, spawning behaviour and return rates of smolts, finnock (0+ sea age) and adult (≥1+ sea age) sea trout in two Irish river systems during 2018–2021. Tagged smolts (n = 206) exhibited river to sea transition rates of 78%–92% and a number of surviving smolts returned to their natal river as 0+ sea age finnock, exhibiting overall smolt to finnock return rates of between 6% and 17%. Short‐term vagrancy occurred among smolts, and 14 individuals were detected in adjacent non‐natal rivers. Finnock tagged during the late summer (n = 205) exhibited a range of behaviours with a minority (<30%) ascending upstream to spawning areas. Tagged adult sea trout (n = 37) ascended upstream to the spawning grounds and between 50% and 80% successfully returned to sea as kelts after spawning. Subsequent return rates of kelts back to the river in the following year ranged from 9% to 40%. The current study indicated that body size was an influential predictor of behaviour and survival across all three life stages. Increased body size was positively associated with marine transition success in smolts, long‐term marine survival in kelts and spawning behaviour in finnock. This work further demonstrates the complexity of sea trout life‐history dynamics and provides a comparative perspective across different age classes. An understanding of life‐history variation, behaviour and survival is fundamental for the successful management and conservation of sea trout stocks.
Materials footprint of household consumption in China
Authors: Liu Jingru , Wu Haotong , Tian Xin , Wang Heming , Wu Yinglei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChina has been witnessing profound changes in the consumption behaviors of its population during the last several decades. To better gauge the current consumption structure of Chinese households and investigate the burden exerted by consumption on resources, we calculated the household material footprint (HMF) in China within the individual consumption classification framework developed by the United Nations. HMF is the only life‐cycle‐based indicator adopted into the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Four types of raw materials and 15 representative consumption divisions were analyzed in this research. The total HMF in China increased by 103% from 1992 to 2017, although the per capita HMF remains lower than the global average. The per capita HMF growth in rural and urban areas differs, with urban citizens consuming 2.8 more metric tons of resources than rural residents as of 2017. The HMF of all materials studied shows a rising trend, especially for metal ores, which underpins the real estate and auto industries. Food‐related consumption is the main contributor to the HMF in China, while consumption of housing and transportation has less proportion yet more growth potential compared with developed countries. This study adds to the literature of studies on the consumption behaviors and domestic demands of China and has further methodologically significant meaning for similar studies in other countries and practical value for policymakers. Overall, this study demonstrates that despite an upsurge in consumption behaviors and gratifying economic records, the incurred resource and environmental burden may fuel risks for sustainable development.
Independent APOE4 knock‐in mouse models display reduced brain APOE protein, altered neuroinflammation, and simplification of dendritic spines
Authors: Sepulveda Jordy , Luo Nancy , Nelson Matthew , Ng Christi Anne S. , Rebeck George William 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAPOE is an immunomodulator in the brain and the major genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeted replacement APOE mice (APOE‐TR) have been a useful tool to study the effects of APOE isoforms on brain neurochemistry and activity prior to and during AD. We use newly available APOE knock‐in mice (JAX‐APOE) to compare phenotypes associated with APOE4 across models. Similar to APOE4‐TR mice, JAX‐E4 mouse brains showed 27% lower levels of APOE protein compared with JAX‐E3 (p < 0.001). We analyzed several neuroinflammatory molecules that have been associated with APOE genotype. SerpinA3 was much higher in APOE4‐TR mice to APOE3‐TR mice, but this effect was not seen in JAX‐APOE mice. There were higher levels of IL‐3 in JAX‐E4 brains compared with JAX‐E3, but other neuroinflammatory markers (IL6, TNFα) were not affected by APOE genotype. In terms of neuronal structure, basal dendritic spine density in the entorhinal cortex was 39% lower in JAX‐E4 mice compared with JAX‐E3 mice (p < 0.001), again similar to APOE‐TR mice. One‐week treatment with ibuprofen significantly increased dendritic spine density in the JAX‐E4 mice, consistent with our previous finding in APOE‐TR mice. Behaviorally, there was no effect of APOE genotype on Barnes Maze learning and memory in 6‐month‐old JAX‐APOE mice. Overall, the experiments performed in JAX‐APOE mice validated findings from APOE‐TR mice, identifying particularly strong effects of APOE4 genotype on lower APOE protein levels and simplified neuron structure. These data demonstrate pathways that could promote susceptibility of APOE4 brains to AD pathological changes.image
Description of a patient cohort with Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy type 1 without retinal disease Macular Telangiectasia type 2 ‐ implications for retinal screening in HSN1
Authors: Rodrigues Filipa Gomes , Pipis Menelaos , Heeren Tjebo F.C. , Fruttiger Marcus , Gantner Mari , Vermeirsch Sandra , Okada Mali , Friedlander Martin , Reilly Mary M , Egan Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in the genes encoding serine palmitoyl transferase (SPTLC1 or SPTLC2) are the most common causes of the rare peripheral nerve disorder Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type 1 (HSN1). Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel), a retinal disorder associated with disordered serine‐glycine metabolism, has been described in some patients with HSN1. This study aims to further investigate this association in a cohort of people with HSN1. Fourteen patients with a clinically and genetically confirmed diagnosis of HSN1 from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom) were recruited to the MacTel Registry, between July 2018 and April 2019. Two additional patients were identified from the dataset of the international clinical registry study (www.lmri.net). Ocular examination included fundus autofluorescence, blue light and infrared reflectance, macular pigment optical density mapping and optical coherence tomography. Twelve patients had a pathogenic variant in the SPTLC1 gene, with p.Cys133Trp in 11 cases (92%) and p.Cys133Tyr in one case (8%). Four patients had a variant in the SPTLC2 gene. None of the patients showed clinical evidence of MacTel. The link between HSN1 and MacTel seems more complex than can solely be explained by the genetic variants. An extension of the spectrum of SPTLC1/2‐related disease with phenotypic pleiotropy is proposed. HSN1 patients should be screened for visual symptoms and referred for specialist retinal screening, but the association of the two diseases is likely to be variable and remains unexplained.
The evolution of narrative identity in a “returning home” man: The psychological and cultural place of farming in the Chinese psyche
Authors: Guo Ruitong , Zhang Yancui , Zemmelman Steve Eliezer , Li Xianghui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study attempts to illustrate the process of reconstructing adaptive self‐identity by tracking the development of imagery in Mr. Z's dreams and sandtrays.MethodThe authors adopted amplification and Narrative Identity Process Analysis methods, and developed an Imagery NPCS tool to analyze the farming images in therapy sessions.ResultsIt provided insights into Chinese culture from an applied, non‐Western lens on identity theory. The subject of the study was a Chinese man who had lost his social identity due to stressful events, the results of which were reflected in the interplay between his personal narrative related to farming images and their cultural narrative framework.ConclusionsThe authors propose a practical mode of developing narrative identity based on the dynamic organizing principle of opposites which are united in a persona‐shadow personality system. Development of an integrated narrative identity can be facilitated by the dialectic between the cultural narrative offered by the psychotherapist and the client's personal narrative.
Outsider at home: Reading Babasaheb Ambedkar as a radical, decolonial psychologist
Authors: Bhatia Sunil , Ram Anjali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesKnown primarily as the architect of the constitution of India, Babasaheb Ambedkar was also a human rights lawyer, an economist, a social justice advocate, and a polymath. Yet his story is often overlooked in favor of national leaders such as Gandhi. This study highlights Ambedkar as a visionary who called for a radical and new psychology of self that was anchored in ideas of social justice, equity and full participation. Furthermore this study fills the gap in the field of psychobiography which rarely reflects the cultural lives and experiences of the Global South.MethodsThis study follows the psychobiographical method and uses memoirs, essays, speeches, and biographies as data.ResultsThree “turning points” in Ambedkar's life are examined: (1) Early childhood experiences of being an “untouchable”; (2) Returning to India for employment after completing his doctorate in the U.S.; (3) Converting to Buddhism in later life. Using a decolonial theoretical lens, we analyze the multiple ways that he experienced being colonized and dehumanized.ConclusionAs he defied the caste structures within his own culture and resisted colonialism, Ambedkar developed a syncretic politics of resistance that emphasized the creation of a decolonized Dalit self and community.
Dispositional forgiveness buffers paranoia following interpersonal transgression
Authors: Ellett Lyn , Foxall Anna , Wildschut Tim , Chadwick Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo test a novel proposition that dispositional forgiveness has the unrecognized benefit of buffering feelings of paranoia following negative interpersonal experiences and interpersonal transgressions.MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 128), we used an experimental paradigm, the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG), to test the premise that an interpersonal transgression increases state paranoia. Study 2 (N = 180) used a longitudinal design to test the central proposition that dispositional forgiveness buffers state paranoia following naturally occurring difficult (vs pleasant) interpersonal events. Study 3 (N = 102) used a novel experimental paradigm to determine the causal effect of manipulating forgiveness on paranoia.ResultsIn Study 1, interpersonal transgressions in the PDG increased paranoia. In Study 2, paranoia was higher following difficult (rather than pleasant) events, and higher levels of dispositional forgiveness moderated the negative effect of difficult events on paranoia. In Study 3, there was a causal effect of forgiveness on (reduced) paranoia.ConclusionsThis is the first evidence that (1) interpersonal transgressions increase paranoia, (2) high dispositional forgiveness moderates the deleterious effect of interpersonal transgression on paranoia, and (3) dispositional forgiveness is causally related to less paranoia.
The Relationship Between Fear of Isolation and Thinking Ability about Social Issues1
Authors: Hayashi Mikiya , Ideno Takashi , Takemura Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe fear of spending time alone (isolation) may be closely related to dysfunction in decision‐making. This study tested the prediction that people who strongly fear isolation have a reduced ability to think about social issues. The authors polled Japanese respondents via an online survey (N = 824). The results revealed that fear of isolation, measured by self‐report, was negatively correlated with the ability to detect inappropriate agendas, inconsistent with a meeting's purpose. Additionally, fear of isolation was negatively correlated with a capacity to detect less relevant propositions addressing the causes of social issues and their solutions. These results showed that the more people feared isolation, the lower their ability to think about social issues. Based on these findings, the authors argue that fear of isolation is a good predictor of a lower ability for contemplating social issues.