bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for the stochastic Volterra-Levin equation with variable delays
Authors: Jin Shoubo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Picard iteration method is used to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the stochastic Volterra-Levin equation with variable delays. Several sufficient conditions are specified to ensure that the equation has a unique solution. First, the stochastic Volterra-Levin equation is transformed into an integral equation. Then, to obtain the solution of the integral equation, the successive approximation sequences are constructed, and the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the stochastic Volterra-Levin equation are derived by the convergence of the sequences. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Aufnahme, Verbleib und Beendigung einer sozialtherapeutischen Behandlung: Eine Vollerhebung der sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland
Authors: Moosburner Maeve , Etzler Sonja , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungSozialtherapeutische Einrichtungen des Justizvollzugs (SothEn) dienen der Behandlung von (Sexual‐ und Gewalt-)Straftätern, um deren Rückfallrisiko nachhaltig zu reduzieren. Die vorliegende Studie erfasste unterschiedliche Merkmale zur Aufnahme, Verbleib und Beendigung einer sozialtherapeutischen Behandlung in allenN= 71 SothEn in Deutschland. Dabei wurde vor allem auf die Entscheidungsfindung in der Praxis wert gelegt. Aufnahmen erfolgten im gleichen Maße nach aktuell geltenden gesetzlichen Regelungen für Sexual- und Gewaltstraftäter sowie durch Einzelfallentscheidungen. Eine Diagnostik der Gefangenen bei der Aufnahme war die Regel und erfolgte meist in der eigenen Einrichtung. Darüber hinaus fanden in drei Viertel der Einrichtungen Probephasen zur Aufnahme statt, die vorab vereinbart wurden, eine festgelegte Dauer hatten und Interventionen zur Förderung der Motivation enthielten. In der Regel fanden Behandlungsabbrüche meist in den ersten 12 Monaten statt, häufig aufgrund mangelnder Motivation seitens der Gefangenen. Eine Nachbetreuung in Form von Bewährung oder Führungsaufsicht war im Großteil der Fälle gegeben. Obwohl Probephasen mit Motivationsmaßnahmen bei der Aufnahme in die SothEn vorhanden waren, war die Zahl der Abbrüche aufgrund unzureichender Behandlungsmotivation unverändert hoch, weshalb insbesondere die Motivationsförderung der Hochrisikoklientel weiterhin im Mittelpunkt zukünftiger Bemühungen stehen sollte.
Dynamic observations of CRISPR-Cas target recognition and cleavage heterogeneities
Authors: Zhang Zhijia , Jeong Haechan , Zu Di , Zhao Xintao , Senaratne Pramith , Filbin John , Silber Brett , Kang Sarah , Gladstone Ann , Lau Matthew , Cui Guangjie , Park Younggeun , Lee Somin Eunice 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) have shown great potential as efficient gene editing tools in disease therapeutics. Although numerous CRISPR-Cas systems have been developed, detailed mechanisms of target recognition and DNA cleavage are still unclear. In this work, we dynamically observe the entire process of conjugation, target recognition and DNA cleavage by single particle spectroscopy of CRISPR-Cas systems on single particle surfaces (gold) with the unique advantage of extended time periods. We show the CRISPR-Cas system, comprised of Cas endonuclease and single guide RNA, is stable and functional on single particle surfaces. Owing to the photostability of single particle surfaces, we directly observe in real time the entire dynamic process of conjugation, target recognition and DNA cleavage without photobleaching. We find heterogeneity in target recognition and DNA cleavage processes in which individual spectra vary significantly from one another as well as from the ensemble. We believe an in depth understanding of heterogeneities in CRISPR-Cas systems can overcome potential barriers in precision medicine and personalized disease therapeutics.
Planar liquid crystal optics for simultaneously surface displaying and diffraction-limited focusing
Authors: Shao Zhenglong , Xie Xin , Zhou Yingjie , Zhang Xiaohu , Du Wenjuan , Fan Fan , Tang Dongliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Planar optical elements have attracted widespread attentions because of their precise light modulation. Liquid crystals (LCs) are well known for their applications in the current displaying field, and show great potential in planar optical elements with the development and innovation of LC micro-operation technology. However, previous researches on LC elements mainly involved only one type of optical manipulation, which inevitably limited the functional diversity. In this work, we propose a multifunctional LC element which integrates the surface display into a binary-phase focusing lens by controlling the complex amplitude of the incident light. The light modulation of the anisotropic LC molecule satisfies a sinusoidal variation, which can be regarded as the combination of a continuous amplitude modulation and a binary phase modulation. The element with millimeter size is then fabricated, and the experimental measurements agree well with our design with a high-definition surface pattern and high-quality optical focusing/imaging performance. Furthermore, as the complex amplitude modulation changes from sine to cosine function after rotating the sample by 45°, a bifocal lens with two different focal lengths is also demonstrated. We expect the proposed multifunctional LC elements can find applications in information multiplexing, image displaying, etc.
Microstructural analysis as a requirement for sinter-based additive manufacturing of highly conductive copper
Authors: Ott J. , Burghardt A. , Britz D. , Mücklich F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To further improve the range of battery-powered electric vehicles, new concepts in power electronics are required. The use of so-called “wide-bandgap” semiconductor materials, such as SiC, could meet the need for even more powerful power electronics, but this also increases the demands on the thermal management of the components. Complex copper cooler structures adapted to the temperature field could be a suitable way to meet these increasing requirements for heat dissipation.
However, conventional manufacturing techniques such as forging, casting and milling are reaching their limits for the production of complex Cu structures, and new processes such as additive manufacturing are coming into focus.
Additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) place high demands on the laser system for highly-conductive copper (Cu) [1]. This means that less established sinter-based processes such as binder jetting (BJ) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) are also suitable for the production of complex Cu structures. In sinter-based methods, the sintering process and the microstructure, which is strongly influenced by it, is crucial for achieving good physical properties of the component [2].
In this work, methods are presented that allow for a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the sintering process of copper at the microstructure level in order to derive optimized process parameters that enable higher sintering densities and thus greater conductivities. The influence of residual porosity and impurities on conductivity was investigated and allows for a specific prediction of the expected conductivity of sintered Cu structures.
Thermodynamic behavior and crystal structure of polypropylene treated with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Shao Wenjun , Liu Li-Zhi , Liu Chao , Wang Ying , Hua Xia , He Yadong , Shi Ying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Controlling temperature and pressure during the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) process can change the mount of CO2 entered in polypropylene (PP) phase, thereby changing the mechanical properties of materials. The effect of scCO2 treatment on the crystallization behavior is different in the semi-molten and molten states. This study investigates the PP treated with scCO2 near the melting point and at various pressures, and explores the effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure, lamellar structure, and thermodynamic properties of PP. The results show that at a melting temperature of 165 °C, scCO2 can enhances the ability of PP molecules to makes the PP crystal region more regular, and forms larger microcrystals and lamellae. Additionally, increasing the pressure can make more CO2 enter the PP crystal region and further improve the regularity of the crystal. At a semi-melting temperature of 155 °C, scCO2 is primarily in the amorphous region because it is difficult to enter the PP crystal region. Even if increasing the pressure, it has little effect on the crystal size and lamellar thickness of PP. The research has significant implications for developing and utilizing scCO2 to remove ash from materials.
Some results on the generalized Brownian bridge
Authors: Hadiri Soukaina , Sghir Aissa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The generalized Brownian bridge

X

a
,
b
,
T

{X^{a,b,T}}

from a to b of length T was used in several fields such as in mathematical finance, biology and statistics. In this paper, we study the following stochastic properties and characteristics of this process: The Hölder continuity, the self-similarity, the quadratic variation, the Markov property, the stationarity of the increments,
and the α-differentiability of the trajectories.
Investigation of the properties of electrically conductive interpenetrating polymer networks for the use as temperature sensors
Authors: Ziemer Thorben , Ziegmann Gerhard , Rembe Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on our newest studies of electrically conductive interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for application in temperature micro sensors. We manufactured polymeric structures on glass with a micro pattern generator by exposing a combination of Novolak and Terthiophene doped with copper(II) perchlorate with a UV laser. We assessed the effects of prolonged temperature loads on the structures’ impedances in a range of 30 to 130 °C. Such polymers and our approach may be of interest for the fabrication of different micro sensors, particularly when only a limited number of highly specialized sensors is required, e.g. for fire safety infrastructure.
Lateralization of Autonomic Output in Response to Limb-Specific Threat
Authors: Kryklywy James H. , Lu Amy , Roberts Kevin H. , Rowan Matt , Todd Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn times of stress or danger, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) signals the fight or flight response. A canonical function of ANS activity is to globally mobilize metabolic resources, preparing the organism to respond to threat. Yet a body of research has demonstrated that, rather than displaying a homogenous pattern across the body, autonomic responses to arousing events, as measured through changes in electrodermal activity (EDA), can differ between right and left body locations. Surprisingly, an attempt to identify a function of ANS asymmetry consistent with its metabolic role has not been investigated. In the current study, we investigated whether asymmetric autonomic responses could be induced through limb-specific aversive stimulation. Participants were given mild electric stimulation to either the left or right arm while EDA was monitored bilaterally. In a group-level analyses, an ipsilateral EDA response bias was observed, with increased EDA response in the hand adjacent to the stimulation. This effect was observable in ∼50% of individual participants. These results demonstrate that autonomic output is more complex than canonical interpretations suggest. We suggest that, in stressful situations, autonomic outputs can prepare either the whole-body fight or flight response, or a simply a limb-localized flick, which can effectively neutralize the threat while minimizing global resource consumption. These findings are consistent with recent theories proposing evolutionary leveraging of neural structures organized to mediate sensory responses for processing of cognitive emotional cues.
Vascular Complications in Children Following Button Battery Ingestions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akinkugbe Olugbenga , James Adrian L. , Ostrow Olivia , Everett Tobias , Wolter Nikolaus E. , McKinnon Nicole K. 
Published: August 2022

CONTEXT
Children presenting to health care facilities with button battery (BB) impaction.

OBJECTIVES
To describe characteristics of children with vascular complications after BB impaction, as well as associated outcomes.

DATA SOURCES
National Capital Poison Center registry and PubMed database from inception to December 2021.

STUDY SELECTION
All reports describing children aged &lt;18 years with vascular, esophageal, or airway complications after BB ingestion.

DATA EXTRACTION
We extracted characteristics including date of publication, age and sex of child, battery type and size, duration and location of impaction, complications, subsequent interventions, and interval between battery removal and death.

RESULTS
A total of 361 cases involved severe complications or death after BB ingestion (321 cases from the National Capital Poison Center registry database, 40 additional cases from PubMed). Nineteen percent (69 of 361) were fatal and 14% (51 of 361) involved vascular injuries. Three-quarters (75%) of vascular complications were aorto-esophageal fistulae and 82% of vascular injuries were not survivable. Fatal vascular cases had significantly longer median impaction time (96 hours versus 144 hours, P &lt;.05) and a wider range of presenting features than survivors.

LIMITATIONS
The total number of cases with vascular complications was small, data reported varied between cases, and no data were available on overall exposure. Long-term morbidity data were not available for the survivors.

CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged BB impaction is a risk factor for vascular complications and death. A high index of suspicion is required for children representing with hematemesis after BB impaction, with prompt transfer to a tertiary center because vascular surgical intervention may offer a chance of survival.
Eficiencia de uso del agua en diferentes secuencias de cultivos y barbechos en Argentina
Authors: Golik Silvina , Chamorro Adriana M. , Bezus Rodolfo , Pellegrini Andrea , Voisin Axel 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El agua es el factor más limitante en la producción de cultivos extensivos en secano en la región pampeana de Argentina y de muchos lugares del mundo. Objetivo. Determinar la eficiencia de uso del agua, tanto en rendimiento en grano como en biomasa total producida, para diferentes secuencias de cultivos bajo distintos manejos de sus barbechos. Materiales y métodos. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, J. Hirschhorn (34° 52´ LS, 57° 58´ LO), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, donde desde el año 2011 se trabaja con cuatro secuencias de cultivos y a partir del año 2015, en el período entre los cultivos de verano, se implementaron diferentes tratamientos que incluyeron el uso de cultivos de cobertura con y sin fertilización en el cultivo sucesor y la aplicación de compost. Durante el período 2015 - 2018 se determinó la biomasa total producida, el rendimiento y la eficiencia de uso del agua. Resultados. La secuencia avena (Avena sativa L.) / soja (Glicine max L.) 2da - maíz (Zea mays L.) - girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) - trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), resultó las más eficiente en el uso del agua. En último lugar, se encontró la secuencia trigo / soja 2da - soja - soja - trigo, con mayor frecuencia del cultivo soja. Los distintos tipos de barbechos afectaron la eficiencia de uso del agua, con valores menos eficientes bajo el tratamiento testigo. Conclusión. Las secuencias de cultivos analizadas presentaron diferencias en el uso del agua. Los barbechos con cultivos de cobertura y compost resultaron más eficientes en el uso del agua para grano en un 10,85 %, y para biomasa en un 3,64 % en promedio.
Literary Representations from the Border: The American Dream, Immigration and Identity
Authors: Gairaud Ruiz Hilda Virginia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article aims to compare and contrast the concepts of subjectivity represented in literature and constructed in borders: physical and imaginary geopolitical sites that have positioned identities in the margins throughout history. The comparative analysis examines the representation of marginal identities in literary texts, specifically those written by authors belonging to hyphenated cultures such as the Cuban-American Gustavo Pérez-Firmat (1994), “Bilingual Blues,” and Mexican-American Gloria Anzaldúa’s “La encrucijada,” among others, mentioned in the bibliography. The study shows that the portrayal of subjectivity and subalternity in literary texts contends with diverse discourses of power and hefty political structures that tend to repress and to delimit character’s development and conditions as human beings living in the United States.
Im Wald des Hippolytus •
Authors: Hogenmüller Boris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pliny's Epistle 1.6 is a relatively short, apparently personal letter within the first book of Epistles, addressed to his friend Cornelius Tacitus. Besides intertextual references to Lucretius, Calpurnius Siculus and Tacitus, there is also an interesting allusion to Seneca's tragedy Phaedra, which influenced Pliny in the conception of the letter's frame story, as the present study aims to prove.
The 17 August 1991 Honeydew earthquake, North Coast California: A case for revising the Modified Mercalli scale in sparsely populated areas
Authors: Dengler L. , McPherson R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present an isoseismal map of the 17 August 1991 (Ms = 6.2) Honeydew earthquake and proposed modifications of the 1931 Modified Mercalli scale of Wood and Neumann to accurately estimate peak intensities for this earthquake and others in similar rural settings. Modifications introduced de-emphasize reliance on damage to masonry construction in assigning intensities and attempt to bring physical phenomena such as rockfall, landsliding, tree and limb fall, and water changes in line with the damage indicators.
Destructive upper-crustal earthquakes of Central America since 1900
Authors: White Randall A. , Harlow David H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have compiled a catalog of 51 destructive upper-crustal earthquakes in Central America since 1900. An event is included if it caused casualties or heavy damage of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity ≧ VII. All events larger than magnitude Ms 5.7 are found to be destructive. We believe the catalog is complete for events of Ms ≧ 6 along the volcanic front. The catalog includes estimates of epicentral coordinates, depth, magnitude, and casualties for all events and presents MM intensity VII contours for most events. Data in this catalog place severe constraints on the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distribution of destructive upper-crustal earthquakes in Central America. The catalog contains 30 events of Ms ≧ 6. Depths of well-constrained mainshock hypocenters range from 5 to 15 km. The most striking feature of the catalog is the spatial alignment along the volcanic front of 23 of the 30 events; volcanic-front earthquake-source mechanisms for such events show east-west tension and are compatible with a model of the volcanic front as a zone of right-lateral strike-slip faulting. Volcanic-front earthquake magnitudes do not exceed Ms 6.5, except in southeastern Guatemala where they reach Ms 6.9; maximum earthquake magnitudes are apparently related to the distance between adjacent Holocene volcanic centers. Destructive events occur at offsets in the volcanic chain as isolated mainshock-aftershock sequences. However, within linear segments, destructive earthquakes have a strong tendency to cluster and are often preceded by significant foreshock activity. Although the volcanic front is the locus of both destructive earthquakes and volcanism, we find no temporal correlation between the two. Of the seven events of Ms ≧ 6 that did not originate near the volcanic front, six originated near the transcurrent Caribbean-North American plate boundary, including the Ms 7.5 Guatemala earthquake of 1976. Along the volcanic front, destructive upper-crustal earthquakes have occurred at a rate of about one event every 212 years during this century, much more frequently than along either the Caribbean-North American plate boundary or the subduction zone. In Central America since 1900, about 17,000 people have died from volcanic-front earthquakes, but only about 2000 people are known to have died from subduction-zone earthquakes. Although subduction zone earthquakes can have larger magnitudes and produce more widespread damage, destructive volcanic-front earthquakes pose the greater hazard because they are more frequent and originate much closer to the bulk of Central America's population, which is concentrated along the volcanic front.
“A ressurreição dos malditos pelos eleitos”: o mais novo lugar dos invisíveis frente à concessão do Auxílio Emergencial Temporário
Authors: Silva Jairo Bezerra , Siqueira Francisco Emerson de , Guerra Lemuel Dourado 
Published: August 2022

Nosso interesse básico neste artigo é o de analisar o conjunto integrado das falas dos sujeitos socialmente indesejáveis e os percalços vivenciados por esses em relação ao recebimento do Auxílio Emergencial Temporário (AET); percurso esse atravessado sob a intensidade de um congestionamento no intervalo do trânsito durante ocorrência da pandemia da Covid-19. Quando recorremos por meio do método ao não convencional e à explicação construída socialmente por meio das teorias em relação à tese e ao objeto de estudo aqui colocados, a saber, as descontinuidades no recebimento do auxílio emergencial temporário entre os sujeitos socialmente disponíveis e indesejáveis como marca de uma proteção social com baixos raios de bem estar-social nos deparamos com pontos oscilantes e que nos colocam para além de uma função congelada do entendimento daquilo que constitui as principais diretrizes contraditórias da implementação da transferência de renda no Brasil.
Depression, anxiety and stress levels among medical and dental students: а cross sectional study
Authors: Kumar S. , Jayachandra S. , Kodidala S. R. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction.In medical and dental colleges increased levels of psychological disturbances such as depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) among students which affect the way these students take care of patients. By identifying necessary modifications can be made to improve the quality of life among medical and dental students.The aimof this study is to assess DASS among undergraduate medical and dental students in Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh, India.Material and methods.The medical and dental college students from K.D. Medical College and K.D. Dental College students were included. A short questionnaire version of depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) was distributed and filled by students. Comparison among the variables was done using independentt-test with significance atp< 0.05.Results.The study group comprised 415 subjects, 164 (39.51 %) males and 251 (60.48 %) females. Among them 297 (71.56 %) were medical students and 118 (28.43 %) were dental students. Out of a total of 297 medical students, the severity of overall DASS score was 38.8 ± 10.2 while depression score was 12.6 ± 4.0, anxiety score was 13.0 ± 4.1, stress score was 13.2 ± 4.3. Out of a total of 118 dental students the severity of overall DASS score was 37.8 ± 11.1 while depression scores was 12.2 ± 4.2, anxiety score was 12.9 ± 4.0, stress score was 12.7 ± 4.5. The overall mean DASS score and its dimensions were not significant based on gender.Conclusions.Clinical years were more stressful than the nonclinical years. This suggests a need for special attention to the structure of the clinical program, particularly at the point of transition from the preclinical to the clinical phase.