bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic climate change assessment for Europe
Authors: Moghim Sanaz , Teuling Adriaan J. , Uijlenhoet Remko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobally, the impacts of climate change can vary across different regions. This study uses a probability framework to evaluate recent historical (1976–2016) and near‐future projected (until 2049) climate change across Europe using Climate Research Unit and ensemble climate model datasets (under RCPs 2.6 and 8.5). A historical assessment shows that although the east and west of the domain experienced the largest and smallest increase in temperature, changes in precipitation are not as smooth as temperature. Results indicate that the maximum changes between distributions of the variables (temperature and precipitation) mainly occur at extreme percentiles (e.g., 10% and 90%). A group analysis of four subregions of Europe, namely east (G1), north (G2), west/south (G3), and UK/Ireland (G4), shows that G1 and G4 are expected to have the largest increase in temperature and precipitation extremes, respectively. Although maximum increases in temperature in G3 and G4 occur at larger percentiles, G1 and G2 experience maximum increases at both large and small percentiles. The maximum increase of precipitation over the study domain, however, occurs mainly at larger extremes. To quantify changes in the distribution of projection (2020–2049) relative to the historical reference (1976–2005), two measures are defined, namely a change in occurrences (KS statistic) and intensities at different quantiles (Δ). Results confirm that the temperature distribution tends to shift to higher temperatures. Changes in distribution and extremes of precipitation are spatially variable. Furthermore, extremes are expected to be intensified under RCP 8.5. The quantile analysis and defined measures reveal changes in the entire probability distribution, reflecting possible climate changes in the future.
A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D‐printed casts
Authors: Moore Laura K. , Lee Carlin S. , Agha Obiajulu , Liu Mengyao , Zhang He , Dang Alan B. C. , Dang Alexis , Liu Xuhui , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStiff joints formed after trauma, surgery or immobilization are frustrating for surgeons, therapists and patients alike. Unfortunately, the study of contracture is limited by available animal model systems, which focus on the utilization of larger mammals and joint trauma. Here we describe a novel mouse‐based model system for the generation of joint contracture using 3D‐printed clamshell casts. With this model system we are able to generate both reversible and irreversible contractures of the knee and ankle. Four‐ or 8‐month‐old female mice were casted for either 2 or 3 weeks before liberation. All groups formed measurable contractures of the knee and ankle. Younger mice immobilized for less time formed reversible contractures of the knee and ankle. We were able to generate irreversible contracture with either longer immobilization time or the utilization of older mice. The contracture formation translated into differences in gait, which were detectable using the DigiGait® analysis system. This novel model system provides a higher throughput, lower cost and more powerful tool in studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms considering the large existing pool of transgenic/knockout murine strains.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on central tendency and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two bioenergy croplands#
Authors: Wang Xuehan , Jian Siyang , Gamage Lahiru , Li Jianwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSoil moisture, pH, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON) are important soil biogeochemical properties in switchgrass (SG) and gamagrass (GG) croplands. Yet their spatiotemporal patterns under nitrogen (N) fertilization have not been studied.AimsThe objective of this study is to investigate the main and interactive effects of N fertilization and bioenergy crop type on central tendencies and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON.MethodsBased on a 3‐year long fertilization experiment in Middle Tennessee, USA, 288 samples of top horizon soils (0–15 cm) under three fertilization treatments in SG and GG croplands were collected. The fertilization treatments were no N input (NN), low N input (LN: 84 kg N ha−1 in urea) and high N input (HN: 168 kg N ha−1 in urea). Soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON were quantified. And their within‐plot variations and spatial distributions were achieved via descriptive and geostatistical methods.ResultsRelative to NN, LN significantly increased DOC content in SG cropland. LN also elevated within‐plot spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON in both croplands though GG showed more evident spatial heterogeneity than SG. Despite the pronounced patterns described above, great plot to plot variations were also revealed in each treatment.ConclusionThis study informs the generally low sensitivity of spatiotemporal responses in soil biogeochemical features to fertilizer amendments in bioenergy croplands. However, the significantly positive responses of DOC under low fertilizer input informed the best practice of optimizing agricultural nutrient amendment.
Influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet supplementation on in vitro fermentation and methane mitigation
Authors: Viennasay Bounnaxay , Totakul Pajaree , Matra Maharach , Phesatcha Burarat , Wanapat Metha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this research was to investigate the influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) containing phytonutrients on rumen fermentation under various level of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. The experimental treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design using a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. The first factor was ratios of R:C at 100:0, 70:30, and 30:70 and the second factor was BP supplementation levels at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of dry matter substrate, respectively.RESULTSThe ratio of R:C significantly enhanced rumen gas production especially when increased level of concentrate. Moreover, dry matter degradability of fermentation were improved (P < 0.01) by R:C and level of BP supplementation, and there was an interactive effect. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration, protozoal population and methane (CH4) production were remarkably influenced (P < 0.01). There were highly significant interactive effects between ratio of R:C and level of BP supplementation. Furthermore, fermentation parameters especially those of propionate (C3) concentration was profoundly increased by higher ratio of R:C and by the BP supplementation, interactive effect (P < 0.01). Notably, both level of R:C and BP supplementation significantly reduced NH3‐N concentration and CH4 production. Interactive effects of both factors were obtained (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThe ratio of R:C at 30:70 with BP supplementation at 4% could enhance fermentation characteristics and reduce CH4 production, while the interactive effects were additionally observed. The BP could be a good phytonutrient source to modulate rumen fermentation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Leaf nutrient resorption differs among canopy and understory plant species in subtropical Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations
Authors: Wang Jun , Hui Dafeng , Liu Zhanfeng , Lin Yongbiao , Wang Faming , Long Jing , Mou Zhijian , Lu Hongfang , Ren Hai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough plants are known to conserve nutrients by resorbing them from senescing leaves, how resorption of foliar macro‐ and micronutrients is affected by plant growth form (e.g., trees, shrubs, and ferns) and forest age are not well understood. The current study was conducted in four subtropical monoculture plantations: Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations in 14 and 35 years old, respectively. Leaf resorption efficiencies (REs) and resorption proficiencies (RPs) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) of the canopy trees and understory shrubs and ferns were determined. N, P, and K but not Ca and Mn were generally resorbed from senescing leaves. RE was significantly higher for P than N, indicating that P was more limiting than N in the subtropical plantations. Nutrient REs did not differ with plantation age, while nutrient RPs generally tended to be lower in the 14‐year‐old than in the 35‐year‐old plantations. REs significantly differed among canopy and understory plant species with different growth forms, that is, NRE, PRE, and KRE values were much higher in woody plants (especially the canopy tree species) than in ferns. REs were correlated with foliar nutrient concentrations but not with soil nutrient concentrations. Our findings suggest that resorption of nutrients from senescing leaves differs among canopy and understory plants, and implicate that introducing native tree species into these plantations could be implemented for accelerating the community succession and further improving the multifunctionality.
Prognostic factors for hearing outcomes in patients that undergo adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Huo Zirong , Cheng Xuefeng , Gu Jian , Hong Yingying , Wang Zhentao , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to explore the potential factors in hearing outcomes and verify the role of oxidant‐antioxidant equilibrium on the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).MethodsNinety‐two patients who were diagnosed with SSNHL between January 2018 and December 2019 in our hearing clinic center were included in this study. All patients were treated with intravenous dexamethasone, and 72 cases were treated with additional HBOT for 10 consecutive days. Peripheral blood was collected prior to any treatment to determine the blood cell count and hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Pure tone audiometry was measured before and after treatment. Complete and overall recovery rate was evaluated. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThe rate of overall recovery was significantly higher in the patient with combined therapy compared to patients treated with steroids only (51.4% vs 25.0%, p = .036). The levels of HGB, HCT, and SOD were much higher in the patients with better hearing outcomes (p = .027, .033, and .011, respectively). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that patients with higher initial hearing thresholds, or hearing loss at overall frequency, were more prone to have poor hearing gains after HBOT.ConclusionHBOT is effective as an early adjuvant therapy for SSNHL. Hearing loss at low frequency, low initial hearing thresholds, as well as high HBG, HCT, and SOD levels are positive prognostic factors for SSNHL patients treated with HBOT.
Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Macromolecular CMCS to Prepare Self‐Healing Conductive Hydrogel Wound Dressing with Drug/Photothermal Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Weifang , Yan Jiayu , Meng Guihua , Cui Lin , Li Wenjuan , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe healing of severe skin injury is a complicated process and the development of hydrogel dressing with antibacterial and stimuli responsive abilities is necessary. Recently, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been widely used in hydrogel dressings due to its good conductivity and photothermal effects. However, there still exist some problems in the fabrication of RGO‐modified hydrogels, especially in the green preparation and dispersion process of RGO. In this work, macromolecular carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is chosen as the reducing agent for the green preparation of RGO. Hydrogels with antibacterial and stimulus‐responsive properties are constructed via Schiff base condensation between CMCS and oxidized pectin (OP). Over 95% cell viability is observed, which is critical for medical applications. RGO endows the hydrogels with relatively good conductivity, self‐healing properties, and mechanical strength. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of the hydrogel for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increase by 0.2 and 0.8 cm respectively after exposure to NIR for 5 min, resulting from the photothermal antibacterial properties of the hydrogel provided by RGO. This study provides guidance for the design and application of multifunctional wound dressing.
Self‐Healing, Water‐Retaining, Antifreeze, Conductive PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC Composite Hydrogels for Strain and Temperature Sensors
Authors: Min Jinbiao , Zhou Zhaoxi , Zheng Jia , Yan Caibin , Sha Hongyuan , Hong Maochun , Fu Heqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly acrylic acid (PAA), poly acrylamide (PAM), and iron sulfate hydrate (IS) glycerol (GC). The crosslinking network is formed by the coordination of carboxyl groups with ions, which forms PVA with semi‐interpenetrating network. The mechanical properties and self‐healing properties of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are excellent. The stress, strain and self‐healing efficiency of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels can reach 840 kPa, 784%, and above 95%, respectively. The antifreeze and water retention properties of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are improved by glycerol. PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels remains flexible at low temperatures and moist for a long time at room temperature. The conductivity of the hydrogel increases with the increase of temperature because the interactions between glycerol, water molecules and ammonium ions are affected by the temperature, the multifunctional conductive hydrogel can be used in strain sensing and temperature sensing. In summary, PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels can provide a guide in the field of electronic intelligence.
Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Supramolecular Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silsesquioxane Foams
Authors: da Silva Laura C. E. , Gonçalves Maria do Carmo , de Oliveira Marcelo G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNC)‐based foams are promising tissue engineering materials that may facilitate implant‐tissue integration and allow localized and controlled drug delivery. Herein, hybrid CNC‐based foams, which are ultralightweight (30–100 mg cm−3), highly porous (>95%), ominiphilic and superabsorbent (1500–3000 wt% of water and/or toluene uptake) are obtained by the in situ condensation of poly(ethylene glycol) ditriethoxysilyl (TES‐PEG‐TES) into a 3D network, where silsesquioxane nanoparticles (SS‐NP) are the crosslinking nodes, and CNC are entrapped forming ionic interactions, in a supramolecular structure. In a new approach, using 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, sulfhydryl groups are inserted on the SS‐NP periphery and S‐nitrosated to enable the functionalization of SS‐NP with S‐nitrosothiol groups, which can nitric oxide (NO), in a process triggered by the hydration of the foams and modulated by their supramolecular structure. CNC‐SS‐PEG foams exhibit elevated thermal and structural stability, compressive strength compatible with various soft human tissues, and NO release rates (1–18 pmol mg−1 min−1) within the range of the beneficial NO actions. Thus, the CNC‐SS‐PEG foams herein described represent a new platform of supramolecular hybrid materials for localized delivery of NO, with potential uses in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Population Structure and Regional Connectivity of Young Snowy Grouper in the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sanchez Phillip J. , Zapp Sluis Michelle , Pinsky Jeffrey , Miller Nathaniel R. , Rooker Jay R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snowy Grouper Hyporthodus niveatus are long-lived, slow-growing demersal fish that occur throughout most of the western Atlantic Ocean. Currently, Snowy Grouper in U.S. territorial waters are managed as two stocks, one along the eastern Atlantic coast and one in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), though population connectivity throughout the region is unknown. The population structure of juvenile Snowy Grouper in U.S. territorial waters was assessed with otolith chemistry analysis, both trace element (7Li, 24Mg, 55Mn, 88Sr, and 137Ba) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O), from three life stages (core [first-year deposition], edge [most recent deposition], and life [mean of lifetime deposition]) across four geographic regions (northwest GoM, northeast GoM, southeast GoM, and U.S. East Coast). Dissimilar element : Ca signatures were evident across regions for all three life history stages, with regional patterns in individual markers following expected differences in environmental chemistry based on the geographic location of dominant mesoscale features (Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system, Loop Current, and Gulf Stream) and associated physicochemical conditions. Moderate classification success of Snowy Grouper to collection region with lifetime signatures indicated that the population along the U.S. East Coast experienced different physicochemical conditions than individuals inhabiting the GoM. The close adherence in regional patterns of otolith chemistry with expected environmental chemistry indicates that movement of individuals is limited and population connectivity constrained in U.S. territorial waters.
Phenotypic comparison of patients affected with DeSanto‐Shinawi syndrome: Point mutations in WAC gene versus a 10p12.1 microdeletion including WAC
Authors: Toledo‐Gotor Cristina , García‐Muro Cristina , García‐Oguiza Alberto , Poch‐Olivé Mª. Luisa , Ruiz‐del Prado Mª. Yolanda , Domínguez‐Garrido Elena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDeSanto‐Shinawi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss‐of‐function variants of WAC, located on chromosome 10p12.1. This syndrome is characterized by dysmorphic facial features, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems.Case reportIn this case report, we present a new deletion case and summarize the clinical data of previously reported individuals, comparing the similarities and differences between cases caused by point mutations versus those which are caused by deletions in the 10p region.ConclusionSome differential features could facilitate the diagnostic suspicion guiding the optimal diagnostic tests that should be requested in each case scenario.
Advanced quantitative evaluation of PET systems using the ACR phantom and NiftyPET software
Authors: Markiewicz Pawel J. , da Costa‐Luis Casper , Dickson J. , Barnes A. , Krokos G. , MacKewn J. , Clark T. , Wimberley C. , MacNaught G. , Yaqub M. M. , Gispert J. D. , Hutton B. F. , Marsden P. , Hammers A. , Reader A. J. , Ourselin S. , Herholz K. , Matthews J. C. , Barkhof F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeA novel phantom‐imaging platform, a set of software tools, for automated and high‐precision imaging of the American College of Radiology (ACR) positron emission tomography (PET) phantom for PET/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems is proposed.MethodsThe key feature of this platform is the vector graphics design that facilitates the automated measurement of the knife‐edge response function and hence image resolution, using composite volume of interest templates in a 0.5 mm resolution grid applied to all inserts of the phantom. Furthermore, the proposed platform enables the generation of an accurate ‐map for PET/MR systems with a robust alignment based on two‐stage image registration using specifically designed PET templates. The proposed platform is based on the open‐source NiftyPET software package used to generate multiple list‐mode data bootstrap realizations and image reconstructions to determine the precision of the two‐stage registration and any image‐derived statistics. For all the analyses, iterative image reconstruction was employed with and without modeled shift‐invariant point spread function and with varying iterations of the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. The impact of the activity outside the field of view (FOV) was assessed using two acquisitions of 30 min each, with and without the activity outside the FOV.ResultsThe utility of the platform has been demonstrated by providing a standard and an advanced phantom analysis including the estimation of spatial resolution using all cylindrical inserts. In the imaging planes close to the edge of the axial FOV, we observed deterioration in the quantitative accuracy, reduced resolution (FWHM increased by 1–2 mm), reduced contrast, and background uniformity due to the activity outside the FOV. Although it slows convergence, the PSF reconstruction had a positive impact on resolution and contrast recovery, but the degree of improvement depended on the regions. The uncertainty analysis based on bootstrap resampling of raw PET data indicated high precision of the two‐stage registration.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that phantom imaging using the proposed methodology with the metric of spatial resolution and multiple bootstrap realizations may be helpful in more accurate evaluation of PET systems as well as in facilitating fine tuning for optimal imaging parameters in PET/MR and PET/CT clinical research studies.
A supramolecular and liquid crystalline water‐based alignment medium based on azobenzene‐substituted 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamides
Authors: Knoll Kevin , Herold Dominik , Hirschmann Max , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA supramolecular, lyotropic liquid crystalline alignment medium based on an azobenzene‐containing 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) building block is described and investigated. As we demonstrate, this water‐based system is suitable for the investigation of various water‐soluble analytes and allows for a scaling of alignment strength through variation of temperature. Additionally, alignment is shown to reversibly collapse above a certain temperature, yielding an isotropic solution. This collapse allows for isotropic reference measurements, which are typically needed in addition to those in an anisotropic environment, to be performed using the same sample just by varying the temperature. The medium described thus provides easy access to anisotropic NMR observables and simplifies structure elucidation techniques based thereon.
Parallel transmit pulse design for saturation homogeneity (PUSH) for magnetization transfer imaging at 7T
Authors: Leitão David , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Bridgen Pip , Wilkinson Tom , Liebig Patrick , Gumbrecht Rene , Ritter Dieter , Giles Sharon L. , Baburamani Ana , Sedlacik Jan , Hajnal Joseph V. , Malik Shaihan J. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis work proposes a novel RF pulse design for parallel transmit (pTx) systems to obtain uniform saturation of semisolid magnetization for magnetization transfer (MT) contrast in the presence of transmit field inhomogeneities. The semisolid magnetization is usually modeled as being purely longitudinal, with the applied field saturating but not rotating its magnetization; thus, standard pTx pulse design methods do not apply.Theory and MethodsPulse design for saturation homogeneity (PUSH) optimizes pTx RF pulses by considering uniformity of root‐mean squared , , which relates to the rate of semisolid saturation. Here we considered designs consisting of a small number of spatially non‐selective sub‐pulses optimized over either a single 2D plane or 3D. Simulations and in vivo experiments on a 7T Terra system with an 8‐TX Nova head coil in five subjects were carried out to study the homogenization of and of the MT contrast by acquiring MT ratio maps.ResultsSimulations and in vivo experiments showed up to six and two times more uniform compared to circular polarized (CP) mode for 2D and 3D optimizations, respectively. This translated into 4 and 1.25 times more uniform MT contrast, consistently for all subjects, where two sub‐pulses were enough for the implementation and coil used.ConclusionThe proposed PUSH method obtains more uniform and higher MT contrast than CP mode within the same specific absorption rate (SAR) budget.