bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between psoriasis and alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jung Joon Min , Yang Hee Joo , Lee Woo Jin , Won Chong Hyun , Lee Mi Woo , Chang Sung Eun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe association between psoriasis and alopecia areata has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of psoriasis with alopecia areata. An electronic search was conducted in August 2021. The analysis included studies that reported sufficient data on the prevalence, odds, or hazard of alopecia areata in patients with psoriasis or that of psoriasis in patients with alopecia areata. Meta‐analysis using an inverse variance method was performed with a random‐effects model, assuming inherent heterogeneity between the included studies. The subgroup analyses were performed according to the age group and study quality. A total of 27 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of alopecia areata among patients with psoriasis was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–0.7%). The pooled odds ratio of alopecia areata among patients with psoriasis was 2.71 (95% CI, 2.29–3.21), whereas the pooled prevalence of psoriasis among patients with alopecia areata was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0–3.0%). Moreover, the pooled odds ratio of psoriasis among patients with alopecia areata was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.27–9.74). The association of psoriasis and alopecia areata remained in the subgroup analyses according to the age group and study quality. In conclusion, this study suggests a bidirectional association between psoriasis and alopecia areata. Clinical examinations may be necessary to determine the presence of comorbid alopecia areata in patients with psoriasis and vice versa.
Male song stability shows cross‐year repeatability but does not affect reproductive success in a wild passerine bird
Authors: Hutfluss Alexander , Bermúdez‐Cuamatzin Eira , Mouchet Alexia , Briffa Mark , Slabbekoorn Hans , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Predictable behaviour (or ‘behavioural stability’) might be favoured in certain ecological contexts, for example when representing a quality signal. Costs associated with producing stable phenotypes imply selection should favour plasticity in stability when beneficial. Repeatable among‐individual differences in degree of stability are simultaneously expected if individuals differ in ability to pay these costs, or in how they resolve cost–benefit trade‐offs.

Bird song represents a prime example, where stability may be costly yet beneficial when stable singing is a quality signal favoured by sexual selection. Assuming energetic costs, ecological variation (e.g. in food availability) should result in both within‐ and among‐individual variation in stability. If song stability represents a quality signal, we expect directional selection favouring stable singers.

For a 3‐year period, we monitored 12 nest box plots of great tits Parus major during breeding. We recorded male songs during simulated territory intrusions, twice during their mate's laying stage and twice during incubation. Each preceding winter, we manipulated food availability. Assuming that stability is costly, we expected food‐supplemented males to sing more stable songs. We also expected males to sing more stable songs early in the breeding season (when paternity is not decided) and stable singers to have increased reproductive success.

We found strong support for plasticity in stability for two key song characteristics: minimum frequency and phrase length. Males were plastic because they became more stable over the season, contrary to expectations. Food supplementation did not affect body condition but increased stability in minimum frequency. This treatment effect occurred only in 1 year, implying that food supplementation affected stability only in interaction with (unknown) year‐specific ecological factors.

We found no support for directional, correlational or fluctuating selection on the stability in minimum frequency (i.e. the song trait whose stability exhibited cross‐year repeatability): stable singers did not have higher reproductive success. Our findings imply that stability in minimum frequency is not a fitness quality indicator unless males enjoy fitness benefits via pathways not studied here. Future studies should thus address the mechanisms shaping and maintaining individual repeatability of song stability in the wild.
Abandoned pastures and restored savannas have distinct patterns of plant–soil feedback and nutrient cycling compared with native Brazilian savannas
Authors: D'Angioli André M. , Giles André L. , Costa Patricia B. , Wolfsdorf Gabriel , Pecoral Luisa L. F. , Verona Larissa , Piccolo Fernanda , Sampaio Alexandre B. , Schmidt Isabel B. , Rowland Lucy , Lambers Hans , Kandeler Ellen , Oliveira Rafael S. , Abrahão Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Around 40% of the original Brazilian savanna territory is occupied by pastures dominated by fast‐growing exotic C4 grasses, which impact ecosystem nutrient cycling. The restoration of these areas depends on the re‐establishment of soil processes.

We assessed how restoration of abandoned pastures through direct seeding of native species and land‐management practices (burning and ploughing) affect soil nutrient cycling dynamics compared with native savannas. We compared the activity of soil enzymes related to carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling as well as soil microbial biomass and soil chemical properties (pH and the concentration of N, P, potassium [K] and soil organic matter) among abandoned pastures, native savanna and restored areas.

Abandoned pastures had faster nutrient turnover than native savanna, dominated by slow‐growing native species. This pattern was evident from the overall higher biomass‐specific enzyme activities in abandoned pastures than in native savanna. Compared with native savanna, restored areas had similar levels of soil enzyme activities, but lower microbial biomass and soil organic matter. The low enzyme activity in restored areas was likely related to a reduced soil organic carbon concentration due to practices such as burning and ploughing, rather than the restoration of plant–soil feedback. The lower immobilization of nutrients in microbial biomass and lower retention of nutrients in restored areas, compared with native savanna, is expected to favour the re‐establishment of fast‐growing exotic species.

Synthesis and application. Despite reducing the resprouting and germination of exotic grasses and improving the establishment of native grasses in the short term, restoration practices have major impacts on the soil microbial community and soil fertility. The reduction of soil microbial biomass and organic matter content reduces the immobilization of soil nutrients and is expected to favour a fast nutrient turnover in the ecosystem. This may result in the re‐establishment of exotic grasses in the long term. Future efforts should focus on the recovery of soil organic matter content and the establishment of soil microbial communities similar to native ecosystems after the application of land‐management practices. Therefore, the restoration of abandoned pastures should consider a greater focus on restoring soil carbon and nutrient cycling
It is Time for a New Regional Compact!
Authors: Curtain Richard , Edwards Ryan B , Tani Massimiliano , Withers Glenn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe outline the case for Australia to adopt a ‘New Regional Compact’ focusing on working with its Pacific Island neighbours and Timor‐Leste through improved labour mobility and skilling as a complement to foreign aid and development assistance. We examine the distinctive context and evidence for this approach, related policy settings and possible ways forward. Embedded in this shift is a necessary move from a short‐term focus on temporary migration, skills shortage, and limited‐term aid programs, to long‐term foundational policies that can be a permanent feature of Australia's policy ecosystem and that of its neighbours.
Anuran interorbital distance variation: the role of ecological and behavioral factors
Authors: JIANG Ying , CHEN Chuan , LIAO Wenbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEye position varies significantly among taxonomic levels, and this variation is often shaped by ecological and behavioral factors. Eye position is often positively associated with interorbital distance where species with broad visual fields possess a large distance between the left and right eye. Selective pressures underlying the evolution of the eye position are especially studied in birds and mammals. However, selective pressures underlying the evolution of anuran eye position which can be indicated by interorbital distance keep unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of ecological (e.g. habitat type, light availability) and behavioral factors (e.g. activity pattern, foraging mobility, and defensive strategy) on variations in interorbital distance among 260 anuran species in China. Our results showed that variations of the interorbital distance can be significantly predicted by the activity pattern. Nocturnal species had larger interorbital distance than both nocturnal and diurnal species. We also found that foraging mobility and defensive strategy markedly affected variation of interorbital distance. Species having slower foraging mobility and possessing poison glands had larger interorbital distance than species having faster foraging mobility and possessing non‐position glands. Light availability tended to be associated with variation of interorbital distance, indicating that species living in weak light tended to possess larger interorbital distance. However, variations of the interorbital space were not associated with habitat type in anurans. Our findings suggest that anuran behaviors play key roles in shaping visual fields and eye position, thus affecting the evolution of interorbital distance.
Kidney disease parameters, metabolic goal achievement, and arterial stiffness risk in Chinese adult people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xu Chen , Li Li , Shi Juan , Ji Bangqun , Zheng Qidong , Wang Yufan , Ke Tingyu , Li Li , Zhao Dong , Dai Yuancheng , Xu Fengmei , Peng Ying , Zhang Yifei , Dong Qijuan , Wang Weiqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the arterial stiffness (AS) risk within urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories and the joint effect between kidney disease parameters and metabolic goal achievement on AS risk in adult people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsA total of 27 439 Chinese participants with T2D from 10 National Metabolic Management Centers (MMC) were categorized into four albuminuria/decreased eGFR groups. The criteria for decreased eGFR and AS were eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity value >the 75th percentile (1770.0 cm/s). Three metabolic goals were defined as glycated hemoglobin <7%, BP <130/80 mmHg, andlow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L.ResultsAfter full adjustment, odds ratios (ORs) for AS were highest for albuminuria and decreased eGFR (2.23 [1.98–2.52]) and were higher for albuminuria and normal eGFR (1.52 [1.39–1.67]) than for those with nonalbuminuria and decreased eGFR (1.17 [1.04–1.32]). Both UACR and eGFR in the subgroup or overall population independently correlated with AS risk. The achievement of ≥2 metabolic goals counteracted the association between albuminuria and AS risk (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.80–1.07; p = .311). When the metabolic goals added up to ≥2 for patients with decreased eGFR, they showed significantly lower AS risk (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.56–0.74; p < .001).ConclusionsBoth higher UACR and lower eGFR are determinants of AS risk, with UACR more strongly related to AS than eGFR in adults with T2D. The correlation between albuminuria/decreased eGFR and AS was modified by the achievement of multiple metabolic elements.
The pathophysiology and current treatments for the subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T cell lymphoma: An updated review
Authors: Lin En‐Cheng , Liao Jia‐Bin , Fang Yu‐Han , Hong Chien‐Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubcutaneous panniculitis‐like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cutaneous T cell lymphoma, which is indolent in nature but could claim life if not correctly diagnosed and promptly treated. SPTCL is usually presented clinically as painless subcutaneous and erythematous nodules over the trunk or extremities. Active clinical vigilance for these subcutaneous nodules or panniculitis‐like lesions is warranted. A biopsy must be performed in order to make a correct diagnosis. Positron emission tomography scan is utilized for disease staging and treatment follow‐up. Due to the rarity of this lymphoma, a standard treatment protocol is not established yet. However, most cases of SPTCL could be treated well under immunosuppressive or polychemotherapeutic drugs except in cases with hemophagocytic syndrome. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be used in refractory or relapse cases. In this review, we presented a case of SPTCL with long‐term complete remission. Meanwhile, since most clinical evidences and experiences of SPTCL are based mostly on case reports or small case series, and the understanding of the SPTCL pathophysiology is limited, we reviewed and updated the pathophysiology and treatments of SPTCL.
Bad, mad, or glad? Exploring the relationship between leaders' appraisals or attributions of their use of abusive supervision and emotional reactions
Authors: Shen Winny , Evans Rochelle , Liang Lindie H. , Brown Douglas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA large body of research has documented the ill effects of abusive supervision. However, this begs the question of why these behaviors continue to occur. To address this question, we contend that scholars need to understand how leaders—the perpetrators of these actions—make sense of abusive supervision. Specifically, drawing upon theories of appraisal and attribution, this paper examines leaders' cognitions of who is accountable for incidents of abusive supervision (i.e., the leader or the subordinate) and their future expectations (i.e., are individuals likely to engage in the same behaviors subsequently or are capable of change) and how these appraisals interact to shape emotional reactions. We conducted three complementary studies: a pilot study to identify relevant emotions, an event‐based experience sampling study (Study 1), and a retrospective recall study (Study 2). Accountability appraisals were associated with emotions, such that appraisals that oneself (vs. one's subordinate) was more responsible for the incident were linked to higher levels of guilt and shame. Although growth mindset moderated associations between accountability appraisals and emotions, it did so for different emotions across the two studies (i.e., hostility in Study 1 and shame in Study 2). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Absorption, metabolism and excretion of opicapone in human healthy volunteers
Authors: Loureiro Ana I. , Rocha Francisco , Santos Ana T. , Singh Nand , Bonifácio Maria João , Pinto Rui , Kiss Laszlo E. , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: May 2022

AimsThe absorption, metabolism and excretion of opicapone (2,5‐dichloro‐3‐(5‐[3,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐nitrophenyl]‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)‐4,6‐dimethylpyridine 1‐oxide), a selective catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibitor, were investigated.MethodsPlasma, urine and faeces were collected from healthy male subjects following a single oral dose of 100 mg [14C]‐opicapone. The mass balance of [14C]‐opicapone and metabolic profile were evaluated.ResultsThe recovery of total administered radioactivity averaged >90% after 144 hours. Faeces were the major route of elimination, representing 70% of the administered dose; 5% and 20% were excreted in urine and expired air, respectively. The Cmax of total radioactivity matched that of unchanged opicapone, whereas the total radioactivity remained quantifiable for a longer period, attributed to the contribution of opicapone metabolites, involving primarily 3‐O‐sulfate conjugation (58.6% of total circulating radioactivity) at the nitrocatechol ring. Other circulating metabolites, accounting for <10% of the radioactivity exposure, were formed by glucuronidation, methylation, N‐oxide reduction and gluthatione conjugation. Additionally, various other metabolites resulting from combinations with the opicapone N‐oxide reduced form at the 2,5‐dichloro‐4,6‐dimethylpyridine 1‐oxide moiety, including nitro reduction and N‐acetylation, reductive opening and cleavage of the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring and the subsequent hydrolysis products were identified, but only in faeces, suggesting the involvement of gut bacteria.Conclusion[14C]‐opicapone was fully excreted through multiple metabolic pathways. The main route of excretion was in faeces, where opicapone may be further metabolized via reductive metabolism involving the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring‐opening and subsequent hydrolysis.
Higher incidence of neurotoxicity and skin hyperpigmentation in renal transplant patients treated with polymyxin B
Authors: Zhou Yangang , Li Ying , Xie Xubiao , Song Lei , Lan Gongbin , Sun Bao , Tang Tiantian , Yan Han , Zhang Bikui , Xu Ping 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundToxicity is a major concern related to the clinical use of polymyxin B, and available safety data for renal transplant patients are limited.AimsWe investigated the safety of polymyxin B and toxicity risk factors in renal transplant patients.MethodsA prospective study was performed on a group of renal transplant patients who received intravenous polymyxin B between January 2018 and August 2021. Polymyxin B treatment was monitored to evaluate toxicity and risk factors.ResultsA total of 235 courses of polymyxin B were administered to 213 patients. Of these, 121 (51.5%) developed skin hyperpigmentation (SH), 149 (63.4%) developed neurotoxicity and 10 (5.5%) developed acute kidney injury of which 80% was reversible. Risk factors for developing SH included a high total dose by weight (odds ration [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.60, P = .008) and the presence of neurotoxicity (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.56–5.26, P = .001). Neurotoxicity manifested during the first 2 days of treatment. Neurotoxicity occurred most commonly in women (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.82–8.10, P < .0001), and the presence of SH (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13–3.46, P = .016) was also an independent risk factor.ConclusionsNeurotoxicity and SH are the two major adverse effects of polymyxin B in renal transplant patients, which may limit its clinical use.
Of drills and bones: Giovanni Ghedini and the origin of bone marrow biopsy
Authors: Pizzi Marco , Binotto Gianni , Rigoni Savioli Giulia , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Orazi Attilio 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBone marrow (BM) studies are pivotal for the diagnosis of haematological disorders. Their introduction into clinical haematology dates back to the work of Giovanni Ghedini (1877–1959), an Italian physician who first conceived BM sampling in 1908. Ghedini's proposal stemmed from his clinical experience and from the scientific developments that characterised his epoch. By presenting selected passages of Ghedini's publications, this report considers the theoretical and historical bases of his work and analyses its practical implications for modern haematology.
Neurodisability care in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Arichi Tomoki , Cadwgan Jill , McDonald Aoife , Patel Anita , Turner Susie , Barkey Sinead , Lumsden Daniel E. , Fairhurst Charlie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in an unprecedented societal and healthcare global crisis. Associated changes in regular healthcare provision and lifestyle through societal lockdown are likely to have affected clinical management and well‐being of children/young people with neurodisability, who often require complex packages of multidisciplinary care.MethodsWe surveyed 108 families of children/young people with severe physical neurodisability and multiple comorbidities to understand how the pandemic had affected acute clinical status, routine healthcare provision, schooling and family mental and social well‐being.ResultsA significant proportion of families reported missing hospital appointments and routine therapy, with subsequent worsening of symptoms and function. Families additionally described worsening stress and anxiety during the pandemic, regardless of their baseline level of socio‐economic deprivation.ConclusionThis highlights the profound effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on health and function in young people with severe neurodisabilities and emphasizes the clear need to better understand how to support this vulnerable population moving forwards.
Empiric radioiodine for hyperthyroidism: Outcomes, prescribing patterns, and its place in the modern era of theranostics
Authors: Boehm Emma , Kao Yung Hsiang , Lai Jeffrey , Wraight Paul R. , Sivaratnam Dinesh A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe modern era of radioiodine (I‐131) theranostics for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer requires us to rationalize the role of traditional empiric prescription in nonmalignant thyroid disease. We currently practice empiric I‐131 prescription for treatment of hyperthyroidism. This study aims to assess outcomes after treatment of hyperthyroidism by empiric I‐131 prescription at our centre, evaluate factors that impact on outcomes and prescribing practice, and gain insight into whether there is a place for theranostically‐guided prescription in hyperthyroidism.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all patients with Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre (MNG) and toxic adenoma treated with I‐131 between 2016 and 2021. Associations between clinical or scintigraphic variables and remission (euthyroid or hypothyroid) or persistence of hyperthyroidism at follow‐up were performed using standard t test as well as Pearson's product correlation.ResultsOf 146 patients with a mean follow‐up of 13.6 months, 80.8% achieved remission of hyperthyroidism. This was highest in toxic nodules (90.1%), compared with Graves' disease (73.8%) and toxic MNG (75.5%). In patients with Graves' disease, higher administered activity was associated with remission (p = .035). There was a weak inverse correlation between the Tc‐99m pertechnetate uptake vs prescribed activity in Graves' disease (r = −0.33; p = .009). Only one patient (0.7%) had an I‐131 induced flare of thyrotoxicosis.ConclusionTraditional empiric I‐131 prescription is a safe and effective treatment of hyperthyroidism and suitable for most patients. However, there may be a role for personalized I‐131 prescription by theranostic guidance in selected patients with high thyroid hyperactivity.