bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Addition of Traditional Birth Attendant Care to a Home‐Based Skilled Nursing Program in Rural Guatemala: A Secondary Analysis from a Quality Improvement Database
Authors: Nacht Amy , Rivera Claudia , Montes Saskia Bunge , Zambrano Andrea Jimenez , Lamb Molly M. , Bolanos Antonio , Asturias Edwin , Berman Stephen , Heinrichs Gretchen , Harrison Margo S 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe use of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in low‐ and middle‐income countries remains controversial. The aim of this secondary analysis was to observe factors associated with visiting a TBA in addition to a skilled nurse for antepartum care and how this additional care was associated with birth characteristics and outcomes.MethodsThe study included a convenience sample of women living in Southwestern Guatemala enrolled in a community nursing program between October 1, 2018, and December 3, 2019. This analysis describes the sociodemographic characteristics, antepartum care, birth outcomes, and postpartum behaviors of women who received antepartum care with skilled nurses only compared with women who received antepartum care with skilled nurses and a TBA.ResultsOf the 316 enrollees, 259 had given birth and completed their postpartum visit at the time of analysis. Three women were excluded because of missing data. The majority of women in the study sample reported visiting a TBA over the course of their pregnancies (80.9%). Women who saw a TBA in addition to the nurse were similar to the comparator sample except that they were almost 3 times more likely to have 8 or more prenatal contacts with the nurse. In separate multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for number of prenatal visits, women who saw a TBA in addition to nurses had a reduced likelihood of cesarean birth, increased likelihood of birth with a TBA, and increased likelihood of breastfeeding within one hour of birth compared with women who only received antenatal care from nurses. Patient‐reported adverse outcomes were not included in the analysis because of low prevalence and concern about data quality and missing data.DiscussionAmong a convenience sample of women in the Trifinio community in rural Guatemala, a large proportion of women continued to seek the care of a TBA in pregnancy while using a skilled nursing program for antenatal care. Intentionally integrating the TBA into the maternity care workforce may be beneficial for improving pregnancy care quality measures.
Effect of light intensity on growth performance and bone development of tibia in broilers
Authors: Wu Yujun , Zhou Xiumin , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Wenyu , Yang Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight management affects the health outcomes and growth performance of broiler chickens. However, the effects of different light intensities on growth performance and its association with tibia development of broilers remain unclear. In the present study, 462 Ross male broilers were divided into seven treatment groups with 6 replicates (11 birds per replicate), and then were subjected to different light intensity levels (0.5, 2, 5, 7, 9, 13 or 19 Lx) for 42 days. The results demonstrated that broilers under lower light intensity (2, 5Lx) obtained higher body weight (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Lower light intensity exposure had no effects on the length, width, weight, breaking strength and the mineral density of the tibia (p > 0.05), but led to increased ash content and phosphorus during the starter phase (p < 0.05). Also, plasma levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase were increased in response to lower light intensity conditions (p < 0.05), but decreased under higher light intensity (p < 0.05), indicating dynamic mineral metabolic and depositional activity to light intensity. In addition, broilers exposed to lower intensity (0.5 Lx, 2 Lx and 5 Lx) during the starter phase had decreased hypertrophic chondrocytes (p < 0.05), but did not affect resting zone chondrocytes and proliferative chondrocytes of the growth plate (p > 0.05). In contrast, the light intensity did not affect the growth performance and the development of the tibia of broilers during the finishing phase. In summary, we demonstrated that lower light intensity promoted the growth performance and the bone development of broilers. Application of lower light intensity at the starter phase might be a management strategy for broiler industries.
No perfect sleep! A systematic review of the link between multidimensional perfectionism and sleep disturbance
Authors: Stricker Johannes , Kröger Lasse , Küskens Anna , Gieselmann Annika , Pietrowsky Reinhard 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe view that perfectionists are prone to experiencing sleep disturbance is widely held. Yet, almost three decades of empirical research have yielded conflicting results. Whereas some researchers viewed perfectionism as a risk factor for sleep disturbance, others spoke of “adaptive” or “positive” forms of perfectionism in the context of sleep. The multidimensional conceptualisation of perfectionism may resolve this disagreement. Thus, this systematic review aimed to clarify the perfectionism‒sleep disturbance link using the widely accepted two‐dimensional perfectionism model, differentiating perfectionistic concerns (defined by worries over imperfections) and perfectionistic strivings (defined by excessively high personal standards). A systematic literature search returned 24 relevant empirical studies. Perfectionistic concerns were robustly linked to sleep disturbance. Perfectionistic strivings displayed comparatively small and inconsistent relations with sleep disturbance. Finally, cross‐sectional mediation studies suggested that psychological distress and dysfunctional cognitive processes might underlie the perfectionistic concerns‒sleep disturbance link. These findings show that considering perfectionistic concerns in explaining, predicting, and treating sleep disturbance may be a promising approach. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings appeared neither universally adaptive nor maladaptive. We identified several critical gaps in the empirical literature and point towards future research directions, highlighting the need for more longitudinal studies.
Intensive care unit nurses' conflict of conscience: Walking the Razor's edge
Authors: Jodaki Kurosh , Esmaeili Maryam , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali , Mazaheri Monir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to explore the conditions that accompany conflict of conscience experienced by nurses in intensive care units. A qualitative approach guided the study, which was undertaken between April 2020 and April 2021. A total of 15 registered nurses working in intensive care units were recruited through purposive sampling. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The analysis revealed two themes: “conflict of conscience in relation to the structure” and “conflict of conscience based on context.” Conflict of conscience in relation to the structure consisted of two categories: conflict of interest and conflict of conscience and law. Conflict of conscience based on context consisted of two categories: care dilemmas and arbitrary behaviors with end‐stage patients. A variety of factors were accompanied by a conflict of conscience for nurses in intensive care units. Given that conflict of conscience has negative consequences for the health and quality of nursing care, health care managers need to tailor strategies to reduce the negative consequences considering the findings of the study.
Relationship between dysphagia, lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, and esophagogastric junction distensibility
Authors: Jain Anand S. , Allamneni Chaitanya , Kline Meredith , Dalsania Raj , Godiers Marie , Keilin Steven , Srinivasan Shanthi , Mittal Ravinder 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is debated whether high‐resolution manometric (HRM) integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) or functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) distensibility index (DI) is the superior measure of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening. We examined the relationship between the DI and IRP and assessed correlations with dysphagia symptoms in patients with achalasia and EGJ outflow obstruction (EGJOO).MethodsPatients with achalasia and those with barium tablet retention at the EGJ were grouped as follows: Group 1:Achalasia (IRP ≥ 15 mmHg + complete absence of normal peristalsis); Group 2: Manometric +FLIP EGJOO (IRP ≥ 15 mmHg with some intact peristalsis + DI ≤ 2.8 mm2/mmHg); Group 3: Abnormal DI only (DI ≤ 2.8 mm2/mmHg + IRP <15 mmHg); and Group 4: Normal IRP and DI (IRP ≥ 15 mmHg + DI > 2.8 mm2/mmHg). Correlation between the DI, baseline lower esophageal sphincter pressure (BLESP), IRP, and dysphagia (Eckardt score) was assessed. Multivariable analysis was used to assess variables associated with dysphagia score ≥2.Key ResultsA total of 79 patients were included: Group 1 (n = 31), Group 2 (n = 33), Group 3 (n = 14), and Group 4 (n = 1). DI did not correlate with BLESP or IRP in the whole sample or subgroups. DI was the only variable associated with dysphagia score ≥2 (p = 0.006). DI < 1.25 mm2/mmHg had sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 52% (p = 0.0003) for dysphagia score ≥2.Conclusions & InferencesDI does not correlate with HRM EGJ measurements and is the metric with the strongest effect on dysphagia severity. The various biological elements that may cause restrictive EGJ function should be the subject of future studies.
Plant phosphorus‐use and ‐acquisition strategies in Amazonia
Authors: Reichert Tatiana , Rammig Anja , Fuchslueger Lucia , Lugli Laynara F. , Quesada Carlos A. , Fleischer Katrin 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients controlling forest dynamics, but its effects on the future of the forest biomass carbon (C) storage under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations remain uncertain. Soils in vast areas of Amazonia are P‐impoverished, and little is known about the variation or plasticity in plant P‐use and ‐acquisition strategies across space and time, hampering the accuracy of projections in vegetation models. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of leaf P resorption, fine‐root P foraging, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, and root acid phosphatase and organic acid exudation and discuss how these strategies vary with soil P concentrations and in response to elevated atmospheric CO2. We identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways forward to fill those gaps. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework for the variations in plant P‐use and ‐acquisition strategies along soil P gradients of Amazonia. We suggest that in soils with intermediate to high P concentrations, at the plant community level, investments are primarily directed to P foraging strategies via roots and arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas in soils with intermediate to low P concentrations, investments shift to prioritize leaf P resorption and mining strategies via phosphatases and organic acids.
Can periodontal pockets and caries lesions act as reservoirs for coronavirus?
Authors: Natto Zuhair S. , Afeef Marwah , Bakhrebah Muhammed A. , Ashi Heba , Alzahrani Khaled A. , Alhetheel Abdulkarim F. , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe periodontal pocket and likely caries lesions may act as a reservoir and source of dissemination and development of systemic infections. While periodontal pockets have been found to harbor several viral species, there is no information on its ability to serve as a reservoir for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We have used a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) approach to evaluate SARS‐CoV‐2 in periodontal pockets and cavitated caries lesions in a cross‐sectional study of 72 participants who were divided into six groups: symptomatic positive COVID‐19 cases with periodontal pockets, symptomatic positive with cavitated caries lesions, asymptomatic positive with periodontal pockets, asymptomatic positive with cavitated caries lesions, positive control, and negative control. A total of 180 samples were interrogated by RT‐PCR to amplify the SARS‐CoV‐2 E and S genes. SARS‐CoV‐2 was present in 41.7% of symptomatic positive COVID‐19 cases with periodontal pockets and 16.7% of symptomatic positive with cavitated caries lesions. The mean Ct value of E and S genes in periodontal pockets patients were 36.06±0.46 and 30.06±6.73, respectively, and the mean Ct value for both genes in caries lesions patients were 35.73±4.14, and 34.78±1.93, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 among periodontal pockets were 20.8% (95% CI 7.13–42.15), 100% (95% CI 73.54–100.0), and 47.2% (95% CI 30.22–64.51), respectively. Among cavitated caries lesions patients, they were 8.3% (95% CI 1.03–27.0), 100% (95% CI 73.54–100.0), and 38.9% (95% CI 23.14–56.54), respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2 can be detected in periodontal pockets and caries lesions, and these sites may act as reservoirs for the virus. However, the sensitivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection is low compared with other methods. To our knowledge, this report is the first to investigate the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and periodontal pockets and caries.
Occurrence and distribution of micro/nanoplastics in soils and their phytotoxic effects: A review
Authors: Maity Sukhendu , Guchhait Rajkumar , Sarkar Moumita Biswas , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome recent studies have reviewed the occurrence and phytotoxicity of micro/nanoplastics, but their distribution in the soil environment, mechanisms of uptake by roots and the mode of action are unclear. Thus, this review comprehensively represents the relative abundance of micro/nanoplastics in different soil types and their toxicities in plants with insights into their partitioning to different soil matrices, uptake mechanisms, and the mode of action. Partitioning of micro/nanoplastics to different soil matrices (like—soil particles, naturally occurring soil organic matters, pore waters and soil fauna) could modify their bioavailability to plants. The small micro/nanoplastic particles can be taken up by roots through the apoplastic and symplastic pathways. In this regard, cellular endocytosis and aquaporin might play a significant role. The shape of the polymers can also regulate their uptake, and the polymers with spherical shapes are more easily absorbed by roots than the polymers with other shapes. Bioaccumulation of micro/nanoplastic induces oxidative stress, which, in turn, causes alterations of gene expressions and different metabolic pathways responsible for plant growth, biomass production and synthesis of secondary metabolites.
Learning the two parameters of the Poisson–Dirichlet distribution with a forensic application
Authors: Cereda Giulia , Corradi Fabio , Viscardi Cecilia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn forensic science, the rare type match problem arises when the matching characteristic from the suspect and the crime scene is not in the reference database; hence, it is difficult to evaluate the likelihood ratio that compares the defense and prosecution hypotheses. A recent solution consists of modeling the ordered population probabilities according to the two‐parameter Poisson–Dirichlet distribution, which is a well‐known Bayesian nonparametric prior, and plugging the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters into the likelihood ratio. We demonstrate that this approximation produces a systematic bias that fully Bayesian inference avoids. Motivated by this forensic application, we consider the need to learn the posterior distribution of the parameters that governs the two‐parameter Poisson–Dirichlet using two sampling methods: Markov Chain Monte Carlo and approximate Bayesian computation. These methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Finally, we compare the likelihood ratio that is obtained by our proposal with the existing solution using a database of Y‐chromosome haplotypes.
Effects of Build Angle on Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloy Surface Roughness and Wettability
Authors: Bailey Christopher M. , Morrow Jordan A. , Stallbaumer-Cyr Emily M. , Weeks Cameron , Derby Melanie M. , Thompson Scott M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was utilized to create a series of aluminum alloy (i.e., AlSi10Mg) 5 mm-diameter support pillars with a fixed height of 5 mm containing varying filet angles and build orientations (i.e., 0 deg, 10 deg, 20 deg, 30 deg, 40 deg, 50 deg, and 60 deg from the normal surface) to determine surface roughness and water wettability effects. From experiments, anisotropic wetting was observed due in part to the surface heterogeneity created by the LPBF process. The powder-sourced AlSi10Mg alloy, typically hydrophobic, exhibited primarily hydrophilic behavior for build angles of 0 deg and 60 deg, a mix of hydrophobic and hydrophilic behavior at build angles of 10 deg and 20 deg, and hydrophobic behavior at 30 deg, 40 deg, and 50 deg build angles. Measured surface roughness, Ra, ranged from 5 to 36 µm and varied based on location. 3D-topography maps were generated, and arithmetic mean heights, Sa, of 15.52–21.71 µm were observed; the anisotropy of roughness altered the wetting behavior, thereby prompting some hydrophilic behavior. Build angles of 30 deg and 40 deg provided for the smoothest surfaces. A significantly rougher surface was found for the 50 deg build angle. This abnormally high roughness is attributed to the melt pool contact angle having maximal capillarity with the surrounding powder bed. In this study, the critical melt pool contact angle was near equal to the build angle, suggesting that a critical build angle exists, which gives rise to pronounced melt pool wetting behavior and increased surface roughness due to enhanced wicking followed by solidification.
Performance Assessment of Seawater, Wet and Dry Cooling in a 50-MW Parabolic Trough Collectors Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Kuwait
Authors: Sorbet Fco. Javier , Fernandez-Peruchena Carlos , Zaversky Fritz , Chakroun Walid , Alotaibi Sorour A. , Ahmed Mansour , Sanchez Marcelino , García-Barberena Javier 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Kuwait is a country with great potential for concentrated solar power (CSP) due to its high solar resource. The current work analyzes the potential of the application of CSP technology in the country and its particularities. Specifically, the current work examines a CSP plant with parabolic trough collector (PTC) technology and how this technology is affected in its performance depending on the location (inland or coastal) and the refrigeration system (wet, dry, or seawater cooled). The modeling methodology is based on a two-step approach: first, the Rankine steam power cycle is modeled in detail in a state-of-the-art steady-state simulation environment, obtaining the performance of the power cycle for each cooling technology; second, the power cycle performance maps are integrated into a detailed transient system-level simulation model of the complete CSP plant in order to perform annual yield simulations for the different representative locations of the climate of Kuwait. These results provide valuable information on both the potential of this technology for its more immediate application such as electricity generation and other future applications such as the desalination of seawater where the location must necessarily be coastal.
Characteristics of Forces at the Clinician–Patient and Patient–Table Interfaces During Thoracic Spinal Manipulation in Asymptomatic Adults Are Consistent With Deformable Body Models
Authors: Thomas Joshua , Murphy Thomas , Tran Steve , Howarth Samuel J. , Starmer David , Funabashi Martha 
Published: January 2022

Investigating all forces exerted on the patient’s body during high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) remains fundamental to elucidate how these may contribute to SMT’s effects. Previous conflicting findings preclude our understanding of the relationship between SMT forces acting at the clinician–patient and patient–table interfaces. This study aimed to quantify forces at the clinician–participant and participant–table interfaces during thoracic SMT in asymptnomatic adults. An experienced clinician provided a posterior to anterior SMT centered to T7 transverse processes using predetermined force–time characteristics to 40 asymptomatic volunteers (20 females; average age = 27.2 [4.9] y). Forces at the clinician–participant interface were recorded by triaxial load cells; whereas, forces at the participant–table interface were recorded by the force-sensing table technology. Preload force, total peak force, time to peak, and loading rate at each interface were analyzed descriptively. Total peak vertical forces at the clinician–participant interface averaged 532 (71) N while total peak forces at the participant–table interface averaged 658 (33) N. Forces at the participant–table interface were, on average, 1.27 (0.25) times larger than the ones at the clinician–participant interface. Larger forces at the participant–table interface compared with the ones at the clinician–participant interface during thoracic SMT are consistent with mathematical models developed to investigate thoracic impact simulating a dynamic force-deflection response.
Qualitative Exploration of Family Influences on Physical Activity in Hispanic Families
Authors: John Jemima C. , Heredia Natalia I. , McNeill Lorna H. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Schembre Susan M. , Lee MinJae , Opusunju Jasmine J. , Goetz Margaret , Aguirre Maria , Reininger Belinda M. , Strong Larkin L. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Limited information exists on how the family unit aids or impedes physical activity (PA) engagement within Hispanic populations. This qualitative study explored family-level influences on PA in dyads of adult Hispanic family members (eg, parent–adult child, siblings, spouses). Methods: In-person interviews and brief surveys were conducted together with 20 dyads lasting 1.5 hours each. Two researchers coded and analyzed text using thematic analysis in NVivo (version 11.0). They resolved discrepancies through consensus and used matrix coding analysis to examine themes by participants’ demographics. Results: The participants were mainly women (70%), from Mexico (61.5%), and they reported low levels of acculturation (87.5%). Themed facilitators for PA included “verbal encouragement,” “help with responsibilities,” “exercising with someone,” and “exercising to appease children.” Themed challenges included “lack of support,” “challenges posed by children,” “sedentary behaviors,” and “competing responsibilities.” Women more so than men described family-level challenges and facilitators, and dyads where both study partners were physically active provided more positive partner interaction descriptions for PA support than other dyads. Conclusions: This study suggests that leveraging family support may be an important approach to promote and sustain PA, and that family-focused interventions should integrate communication-building strategies to facilitate family members’ ability to solicit support from each other.