bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completed suicide and gender equality: Sex and age specific five-year data from Turkey
Authors: Karaman İ.G. Yılmaz 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is a public health problem which has biopsychosocial aspects. These three compartments function differently for women and men in terms of biology and gender inequality.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate completed suicide rates in Turkey for women and men seperately considering age ranges for each, and their relationship with gender equality.MethodsSex and age specific data between 2015-2019 was derived from Turkish Statistical Institute. Utilizing Bağdatlı Kalkan’s study (2018) and Turkey’s Gender Equality Ratings (2019), 81 cities were seperated into two clusters (Table 1). Mann Whitney U and Independent Samples T Test were applied.ResultsYoung women’s (<30 years old) crude completed suicide rates were higher, when crude completed suicide rates for men over the age of 30 were fewer in the cities which equality index is low (Table 2). Regardless of age ranges, in better gender equality cluster, female suicide rates were fewer, male suicide rates were higher. The number of deaths by suicide in 1000 deaths didn’t differ for men, while the rate decreases for women in better gender equality cluster (Table 3).ConclusionsGender inequality may negatively effect young women’s mental health in more patriarchal cities in Turkey from the point of completed suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics during pregnancy: An update
Authors: Paraschakis A. , Papasaika M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are related to proven compliance to treatment and more constant medication levels (hence the apparent lower side-effect burden).ObjectivesTo highlight the experience with LAI antipsychotic treatment during pregnancy.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsSeven cases are reported. A 35year old with schizophrenia received zuclopenthixole LAI (mostly 200mg/monthly) during both her pregnancies (of healthy girls born at weeks 39 and 40). A 35year old with schizophrenia was under risperidone LAI (25mg/2 weeks) and gave birth to a healthy girl at week 37. Another 35year old (probably with schizophrenia) was on olanzapine LAI (300mg/month during the last quarter of her pregnancy) that led to the birth of a healthy girl at week 40. A 37year old with schizophrenia received paliperidone LAI (100mg/monthly, last injection at week 28) and gave birth to a healthy boy at week 39. Paliperidone LAI (50mg/monthly) was the treatment of another 34year old with schizoaffective disorder that gave birth to a healthy boy at week 40, as well as of a 26year old (263mg/3-monthly), mother of a healthy boy as well (born at an unspecified week of pregnancy). Finally, a 43year old with bipolar disorder was on aripiprazole LAI (300mg/monthly) during her pregnancy that led to the birth of a healthy girl at week 40.ConclusionsAll pregnant women on LAI antipsychotic treatment gave birth to (apparently) healthy babies. LAI doses were mostly low. Long-term follow-up could clarify eventual delayed aftereffects. Based on the literature, LAI antipsychotic treatment could be considered as an option for selected pregnant patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Research in mental health during the pandemic
Authors: Gaughran F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyThe 2020 coronavirus pandemic sparked sudden change in all spheres of life, not least health services. Across Europe clinical research had to adapt. The virus peaked in different places at different times, with London’s first wave in March-May. The National Institute for Health Research paused all face to face research at NHS and social care sites except for nationally prioritised Urgent Public Health (UHP) Covid-19 studies. The first UPH studies focused on acute Covid-19, largely in physical health settings. Research leaders quickly highlighted the need for high quality research data on the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population, as well as the mental health and neuropsychiatric effects of the virus itself, to allow for the development and evaluation of mitigation strategies. The major UK research funders have resourced this. Once the first wave abated, paused research was restarted according to national prioritisation guidance. In Maudsley we worked closely with research teams to develop strategies to make our research programmes as Covid-19 adaptive as possible, maximising remote interaction with research participants, with robust infection prevention procedures if face to face meetings were necessary. Examples of innovative strategies will be shared. In January 2021 with the more transmissible variant of SARS CoV2, face to face research paused again, except where risk was outweighed by patient benefit in continuing. As patients benefit hugely from research and innovation and have better outcomes if treated in ‘research-active’ hospitals, maintaining access to research opportunities without increasing risk of contracting Covid-19 will be key in coming months.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Disgust and anxiety: What came first, the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Innocenti M. , Santarelli G. , Gironi V. , Faggi V. , Angeletti L. Lucherini , Giaquinta N. , Ricca V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDisgust is a basic emotion characterized by the feeling of revulsion and evoked by unpleasant stimuli such as contaminated food, poor hygiene and contact with sick or dead organisms. Disgust is a contributing factor to the development of several mental disorders including anxiety disorders (AD). Several studies have tried to explore the relationship between disgust and eating disorders (ED), with heterogeneous findings. Subjects with ED showed a heightened level of disgust sensitivity (DS) when compared with healthy controls (HC).ObjectivesOur study aims to evaluate levels of disgust and anxiety in ED, AD and HC in order to assess associations between these two emotions.MethodsWe enrolled 74 patients admitted to Psychiatric Unit of Careggi, 41 with diagnosis of Eating Disorder, 33 with Anxiety Disorders, and 40 healthy controls. We administered to all groups: Zung Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) and Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-revised (DPSS-r).ResultsBoth patients with anxiety disorders and eating disorders showed higher levels of disgust propensity and sensitivity than healthy controls. Moreover, there was no significant differences in anxiety, Disgust Propensity (DP) and Disgust Sensitivity levels between patients with eating disorders and anxiety disorders. Among healthy controls there was a significant association between DS and Anxiety levels (B: 0.579, T:3,416 p:0,001).ConclusionsAnxiety and disgust are typical emotions of anxiety disorders and eating disorders. However, they are increased both in anxiety and eating disorders and they are associated in healthy controls. The nature of this association needs to be deeply investigated.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lithium treatment and estimate glomerular filtration rate in bipolar disorder patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernandes S. , Cerqueira-Silva T. , Pinto A. , Miranda-Scippa Â. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLithium has been the mainstay therapy for bipolar disorder (BD) for decades, but there is little consensus regarding its possible effects on kidney function and the rate of change in estimated glomerular flow rate (eGFR) over time.ObjectivesTo describe patients with BD regarding their renal function and their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics potentially related to eGFR.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 95 patients with BD. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of lithium serum levels and their duration of treatment with eGFR, independent of confounding factors. We excluded patients without data regarding any of the variables from the final model.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, the model was composed of eight variables (Figure 1). The mean duration of treatment was 10 years (Figure 2). Serum lithium level was associated with low levels of eGFR (β = -18.06 [-34.70 - -1.42], p = 0.03); among the other variables, only age remained associated with it (β = -0.72 (-1.10 - -0.33), p = <0.01).Note: *P<0.05ConclusionsWe replicated the correlation between serum lithium levels and eGFR. Our results contradict the claim that duration of treatment with lithium correlates with lower levels of eGFR, while suggesting serum lithium level could be a possible early marker of lithium nephrotoxicity.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychiatric hospital utilisation following lithium discontinuation in patients with bipolar I or II disorder: A mirror-image study based on the lisie retrospective cohort
Authors: Öhlund L. , Ott M. , Bergqvist M. , Oja S. , Lundqvist R. , Sandlund M. , Renberg E. Salander , Werneke U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEvidence for lithium as a maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder type II remains limited since most treatment-prevention studies focus on bipolar disorder type I or do not distinguish between types of bipolar disorder.ObjectivesTo compare the impact of lithium discontinuation on hospital utilisation in patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder and patients with bipolar disorder type II or other bipolar disorder.MethodsMirror-image study, examining hospital utilisation within two years before and after lithium discontinuation as part of LiSIE, a retrospective cohort study into effects and side-effects of lithium for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder as compared to other mood stabilisers.ResultsFor the whole sample, the number of admissions increased from 86 to 185 admissions after lithium discontinuation, with the mean number of admissions/patient/review period doubling from 0.44 to 0.95 (p < 0.001). The number of bed days increased from 2218 to 4240, with the mean number of bed days/patient/review period doubling from 11 to 22 (p = 0.025). This increase in admissions and bed days was exclusively attributable to patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that due to a higher relapse risk in patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder there is a need to apply a higher threshold for discontinuing lithium than for patients with bipolar disorder type II or other bipolar disorder.DisclosureMichael Ott has been a scientific advisory board member of Astra Zeneca Sweden, Ursula Werneke has received funding for educational activities on behalf of Norrbotten Region (Masterclass Psychiatry Programme 2014–2018 and EAPM 2016, Luleå, Sweden): Astra
Predicting functional outcome in bipolar patients: Effects of cognitive psychoeducational group therapy after 12 months
Authors: Sachs G. , Erfurth A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCognitive impairment is known as a core feature in bipolar patients. Persisting neurocognitive impairment has been associated with low psychosocial functioning.ObjectivesThe goal of this work was to identify clinical and cognitive predictors for functional impairment, symptom severity and early recurrence in bipolar disorder, as well as to compare the neurocognitive performance of bipolar patients with that of healthy probands.Methods43 remitted bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls were compared using a neurocognitive battery testing specifically attention, memory, verbal fluency and executive functions. In a randomized controlled trial, the 43 remitted patients were assigned to two treatment conditions as add-on to state-of-the-art pharmacotherapy: cognitive psychoeducational group therapy over 14 weeks or treatment-as-usual. At 12 months after therapy, functional impairment and severity of symptoms were assessed.ResultsAs compared to healthy probands, bipolar patients showed lower performance in executive function (perseverative errors p<0.01, categories correct p<0.001), sustained attention (total hits p<0.001), verbal learning (delayed recall p<0.001) and verbal fluency (pwords p<0.002). Cognitive psychoeducational group therapy and attention predicted occupational functioning with a hit ratio of 87.5%. Verbal memory recall was found to be a predictor for symptom severity (hit ratio 86.8%). Recurrence in the follow-up period was predicted by premorbid IQ and by years of education (hit ratio 77.8%).ConclusionsOur data show that bipolar patients benefit from cognitive psychoeducational group therapy in the domain of occupational life. Reductions in sustained attention have an impact on occupational impairment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Personal autonomy and hopelessness are associated with antidepressant drugs prescription in currently euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Serafini G. , Vazquez G. , Aguglia A. , Amerio A. , Pompili M. , Amore M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe patterns and clinical correlates related to antidepressant drugs (ADs) prescription for BD remain poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare socio-demographic and clinical features of BD patients treated vs. not treated with ADs.MethodsThe sample consists of 287 currently euthymic bipolar patients. Among participants (mean age=51.9±15.02), 157 (40.1%) were receiving ADs.ResultsBased on the main findings, subjects given ADs were older and more frequently retired than those without receiving ADs. Moreover, patients given ADs were more likely to have had a first major depressive episode and present with psychotic symptoms at illness onset. Lifetime substance abuse/dependence history was less frequently reported among patients given ADs. Furthermore, ADs given patients have a higher number of affective episodes, and longer duration of their illness. Additionally, subjects treated with ADs reported higher hopelessness levels, and lower positive reinterpretations than those who were not treated with ADs. Factors associated with ADs-use by multivariate modeling were reduced personal autonomy (OR=.070), and hopelessness levels (OR=1.391).ConclusionsThese results may help clinicians to better understand the clinical correlates of BD subtypes and improve their differential management. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings, and facilitate the differential trajectories of BD patients based on socio-demographic/clinical profile.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in unipolar and bipolar depression: A pilot study
Authors: Jannini T. , Longo L. , Marasco F. , Civita M. Di , Niolu C. , Siracusano A. , Lorenzo G. Di 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCognitive function is impaired in depressive disorders. Among several factors implicated in regulation of the cognitive function, metabolic syndrome has been showed have a pivotal role cognitive functioning in healthy controls. However, the role of metabolic syndrome in regulating the cognitive functioning of subjects affected by depressive disorders is little studied.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome in regulation of cognition in unipolar and bipolar depression.MethodsOne-hundred-sixty-five people affected by a depressive disorder (unipolar depression, UP; bipolar depression, BP) were enrolled at the Psychiatric and Clinic Psychology Unit of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. A group of healthy controls (HC) matched for agender and age was enrolled. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a computerized tool, THINC-it.ResultsUP and BP had lower performances in THINC-it cognitive domains than HC. Metabolic syndrome is a negative, independent predictor of low performance in the THINC-it cognitive domains of people with depressive disorders.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that metabolic syndrome has a prominent role in determining the cognitive efficiency in depressive disorders, independently by the presence of a unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder. Metabolic syndrome has to be considered a major factor that should be considered in the treatment strategies of cognitive functioning improvement of people affected by depressive disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings from the raine study
Authors: Ayano G. , Betts K. , Tait R. , Dachew B. , Lin A. , Alati R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWhile there exist some studies that explored the association between maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early and late childhood, studies exploring the risk in late adolescence are however lacking.ObjectivesThis is the first study that aimed to investigate the association between maternal anxiety, depressive, as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, and the risk of ADHD symptoms in late adolescence.MethodsWe used data from the Raine Study, a birth cohort in Western Australia. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms when the child was aged 10. Whereas, the DSM-oriented scales of the child behavior checklist (CBCL) was used to assess ADHD symptoms offspring in adolescents aged 17. Log-binomial regression model was used to explore the associations.ResultsAfter adjusting for relevant covariates, we found an increased risk of ADHD symptoms in the adolescent children of mothers with anxiety [RR 2.84 (95%CI 1.18-6.83)] as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms [RR 5.60 (95%CI 3.02-10.37)]. No association was seen with maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggested that adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms had an increased risk of ADHD symptoms. Early detection and management for ADHD symptoms in children of mothers with anxiety and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms are needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Association between adult adhd and generalised joint hypermobility, with and without systemic manifestations: A case-control study
Authors: Glans M. , Bejerot S. , Humble M. , Elwin M. , Thelin N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is growing evidence that generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) is associated with several psychiatric conditions. There are no previous studies on adult ADHD.ObjectivesTo evaluate, in a large Swedish sample, if generalised joint hypermobility and adult ADHD are associated.Methods431 adults with ADHD and 417 controls were included. GJH was assessed by the Beighton Score, a physical examination, and the 5PQ, a self-report screening tool. Exploratively, reported musculoskeletal symptoms and abnormal skin manifestations suggestive of symptomatic GJH (e.g. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), were assessed to differentiate this group from the general GJH group. Logistic regressions determined the influence of an ADHD diagnosis and known covariates (age, sex and ethnicity) on GJH and symptomatic GJH respectively.ResultsADHD was associated to GJH, as defined by the Beighton Score and the 5PQ, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.65 (CI 95% 3.01-7.18, p<.005) and 1.86 (CI 95% 1.39-2.48, p<.005), respectively. Likewise, ADHD and symptomatic GJH were associated with adjusted odds ratios of 6.94 (CI 95% 4.05-11.89, p<.005) and 2.66 (CI 95% 1.94-3.66, p<.005).ConclusionsGJH and adult ADHD are associated conditions. Symptomatic GJH, defined as additional symptoms of pain and/or skin manifestations, has a considerably stronger link to adult ADHD than unspecific GJH has. GJH may represent a marker of an underlying systemic disorder with physical manifestations in connective tissue as well as behavioural manifestations including hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness. Future studies should investigate if this represents a novel subtype of ADHD and if symptomatic GJH affects the ADHD management.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Substance-specific variability of ADHD symptoms in riga psychiatry and addiction medicine centre treatment-seeking substance use disorder outpatient population
Authors: Ennītis M. , Laizāne M. , Bezborodovs N. , Landsmane I. , Skaida S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStudies show a link between attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Patients may abuse illicit drugs or alcohol as means of self-medicating e.g. stimulants for ADHD symptoms. Identifying ADHD symptoms in SUD patients could help improve treatment outcome and quality of life.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Riga Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Centre (RPNC) outpatients and study the link between ADHD symptoms and specific SUDs.MethodsIn a period of 30 days, all consentient clients of RPNC outpatient addiction clinic were surveyed for basic sociodemographic data and screened with Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRSv1.1). Results were compared among patients with different types of addictions previously diagnosed using ICD-10 classification. Results were also compared to a control group.ResultsOut of 279 participants, 209 were treatment-seeking SUD patients, 70 controls. Mean age was 37.99, 77.8% were male. Among SUD patients 45,2% had alcohol UD(F10), 52.9% opiate UD(F11), 35.1% stimulant UD(F14;f15), 20.2% sedative UD(F13). Patients who had stimulant addiction as one of their diagnosis and patients with multiple addictions were significantly more likely (p=0.023 and p=0.012 respectively) to screen positive for ASRSv1.1 among SUD patients population. All types of SUDs were significantly more likely to screen positive for ASRSv1.1 when compared to a control group.ConclusionsThere is a strong link between SUD and ADHD symptoms. Patients with stimulant or multiple SUDs are more likely to screen positive for ADHD symptoms than other SUD patients. It is important to identify ADHD symptoms in treatment-seeking SUD patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Evaluation of depression and anxiety control in greek patients with major depressive disorder with/without generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular disease–pronoi study
Authors: Papanastasiou P. , Gourzis P. , Nimatoudis I. , Ginis A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with depression are likely to eventually develop Cardiovascular disease(CVD) and have a higher mortality rate than general population. In addition, anxiety disorders, especially Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), may be associated with mortality and other adverse cardiac outcomes.ObjectivesEvaluation of depression and anxiety control in Greek patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with/without GAD and CVD, under 6 months of treatment with citalopram, and/or quetiapine, and/or pregabalin.Methods565 patients with MDD with/without GAD, enrolled in this observational, study (NCT03317262). The subgroup of 133(24%) patients had CVD. Severity of MDD and GAD symptoms was evaluated using the HAM-D and HAM-A Scores at baseline (V1) and after 6 months (V3) respectively.ResultsMean HAM-D score in patients with CVD without GAD, at V1 and V3 was 23.94±7.51 and 8.14±4.65 respectively (p<0.0001). Similar results were observed in patients without CVD without GAD (HAM-D score 26.67±8.79 at V1 and 7.44±4.40 at V3). Mean HAM-A score in patients with CVD and GAD at V1 and V3 was 25.64±6.38 and 8.98±3.93, respectively (p<0.0001). Same magnitude reduction in HAM-A score was observed in patients without CVD and GAD, 26.27±8.16 at V1 and 9.28±6.48 at V3 (p<0.0001). Patients’ depression symptoms with/without CVD and GAD showed also a significant reduction between V1 and V3.ConclusionsMDD patients with CVD without GAD, had a marginally lower baseline HAM-D score versus patients with GAD. After 6 months of treatment with citalopram, and/or quetiapine, and/or pregabalin the improvement of depressive and anxiety symptoms was almost equal between MDD patients with/without GAD regardless of the presence of coexisting CVD.DisclosureEmployee of ELPEN Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.