bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Replacing Old C-Arms on Reducing Radiation Exposure
Authors: Robbins Gordon T. , Wellnitz Nicholas J. , Darwin Peter E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFluoroscopy is increasingly used by gastroenterologists for endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Unfortunately, fluoroscopy exposes patients and staff to ionizing radiation, which can cause DNA damage, cell death, genetic defects, and cancer. These adverse effects are more likely to occur with increased exposure time and higher radiation doses; therefore, all efforts to decrease exposure are helpful. In this study, we investigate the impact that updating the C-Arms in our endoscopy unit will have on radiation exposure by comparing ionizing radiation effects of the OEC 9900 Elite to the newer OEC Elite. After replicating the setup of a typical endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ionizing radiation and energy were measured at the bedside and the head of the bed with each machine. At both positions, the newer OEC Elite C-Arm emitted less energy and ionizing radiation than the OEC 9900 Elite. Continuous imaging with OEC 9900 Elite emitted 0.12 mSv/h at the head of the bed and 0.49 mSv/h at the bedside, while the OEC Elite only emitted 0.04 mSv/h and 0.14 mSv/h, respectively. These values are measures of radiation-induced cancer risk, otherwise known as stochastic risk. The differences grow more significant when extrapolated to show radiation differences for an average procedure (approximately 8 minutes of fluoroscopy time) and the procedural volume for an entire year. In an effort to use as little radiation as possible, we see that we can significantly reduce radiation exposure to our staff by upgrading from an OEC 9900 Elite to and OEC Elite.
A Case of ECHS1 Deficiency with Severe Encephalopathy and Status Epilepticus after a Propofol Sedation: Case Report
Authors: Preusse Matthias , Paraschaki Georgia , Lutz Soeren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder. Concerned patients present with Leigh syndrome symptoms or a Leigh-like syndrome. Only 58 patients are known worldwide. The ECHS1 is a key component in β-oxidation and valine catabolic pathways.
Case Here we report a 6-month-old Lebanese boy born to consanguineous parents. He presented an increased muscle tone, hyperexcitability, feeding problems, horizontal nystagmus, and developmental delay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed frontal brain atrophy, corpus callosum atrophy, and T2 hyperintensity in pallidum, internal capsule, pons, and thalamus. In the postsedation phase, the patient displayed a sudden generalized seizure with transition to status epilepticus. Therefore, we conducted metabolic examinations, which showed elevated levels of 2-methyl-2,3-DiOH-butyrate and 3-methylglutaconate in urine. Single exome sequencing revealed the homozygous mutation c.476A > G in the ECHS1 gene.
Conclusion This case report describes the clinical symptoms and the diagnostics of ECHS1 deficiency. It shows the importance of further metabolic and genetic testing of patients with motoric conspicuities and developmental delay. It is important to be cautious with propofol sedation of patients who present an unknown neurological disorder, when metabolic disturbance or especially mitochondriopathy is suspected.
Bringing back the endangered bridled nail-tailed wallaby at Taunton National Park (Scientific) through effective predator control
Authors: Augusteyn John , McCarthy Michael A. , Robley Alan , Pople Anthony , Nolan Barry , Hemson Graham , Melzer Rhonda , Richards Samuel , Dinwoodie Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Context Feral cats (Felis catus), wild dogs/dingoes (Canis familiaris) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are predators of the endangered bridled nail-tailed wallaby (BNTW; Onychogalea frenata). Predator-proof fencing is advocated as a solution to ensure their conservation in the wild. Aims The aims of this study were to determine whether predator control translated into a reduction in their activity, find evidence of cats preying on BNTWs and understand factors that influence changes in the BNTW population size living in an unfenced reserve, particularly focusing on the influence of cat and dog control and rainfall. Methods An activity index, calculated using spoor on sand pads and images on remote cameras, was undertaken to monitor predator activity. The stomach contents of cats caught were examined to determine how commonly BNTWs feature as a prey item. The size of the BNTW population and annual survival of individuals was assessed through annual capture–mark–recapture (CMR) surveys and vehicle spotlight counts. Rainfall was measured at the study site and using data from the Bureau of Meteorology. Key results The core BNTW population estimated by CMR data increased by 214% over 4 years (2013–2017), to 400 individuals in 2017, whereas spotlight data indicated that the population had increased by 262% over 8 years (2012–2020), to 1265 individuals in 2020. The percentage of small (≤3.5 kg) BNTWs caught increased substantially over the study period. There was no detectable difference in cat or dog activity following control and no correlation was found among predator activity, rainfall and BNTW survival. The remains of BNTWs were found in 20% of cats removed from the core BNTW area. Conclusions The study confirmed that cats frequently ate BNTWs, and a combination of control methods is required to manage the threat, but there was no statistical support for a relationship between predator activity and BNTW survival. Implications The study found that native species conservation in fox-free environments is possible without the need for predator-proof fences and the ongoing maintenance costs.
High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals a three-state elevator mechanism in the citrate transporter CitS
Authors: Maity Sourav , Trinco Gianluca , Buzón Pedro , Anshari Zaid R. , Kodera Noriyuki , Ngo Kien Xuan , Ando Toshio , Slotboom Dirk J. , Roos Wouter H. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
As cellular membranes are impermeable to most molecules, transporter proteins are typically present in the membrane to transport small molecules in or out of the cell. Due to the small, nanometer size of these transporters, it is challenging to study their transport mechanism. Here, we use advanced microscopy approaches to study in real time and at the single-molecule level the mode of action of the dimeric CitS tranpsorter. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we visualize the dynamic, elevator-like movement of the transporter, and we reveal that the two protomers move independently. We also discovered an intermediate state, reminiscent of another, unrelated transporter, indicating that independent evolutionary pathways have led to similar three-state elevator mechanisms.
The potential of sound picturebooks as multimodal narratives
Authors: Reyes-Torres Agustín , Portalés-Raga Matilde , Torres-Mañá Clara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study how Sound Picturebooks constitute a multimodal narrative that enables students to develop their literacy, not only in terms of basic reading and writing skills, but also as a multidimensional interaction with other forms of representation such as images, sounds and actions. In line with the aims of the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (New London Group 1996), we select and analyze fifteen Sound Picturebooks whose features allows us to implement the Learning by Design tenets and the four pedagogical components of the Knowledge Processes Framework: experiencing, conceptualizing, analyzing and applying. The goal is to foster basic multimodal literacies – literary, linguistic, visual and musical – and provide learners with the opportunity to construct meaning as a dynamic process of transformation and creative inquiry. Specifically, we explore the auditory features that these Sound Picturebooks contain and the extent to which the themes conveyed in the stories can be connected with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for the further discussion of social concerns. Our analyzes show that such multimodal narratives integrate crucial features to cultivate and broaden students’ multiliteracies in the classroom.
Developing ELF research for critical language education
Authors: Cogo Alessia , Fang Fan , Kordia Stefania , Sifakis Nicos , Siqueira Sávio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), that is the medium of communication between people who come from
different linguacultural backgrounds, has created a rich body of work in various areas. This article focuses on a more recent
development of this research for teachers and teacher educators in the perspective of critical language education (CLE). We
explore how ELF research, both the linguistic/discourse-oriented one and the pedagogic-oriented one, can benefit from its links to
CLE, with its understanding of teaching for social change. We then refer to aspects of critical transformative theory that become
relevant in designing and implementing ELF-aware teacher education programmes, focusing especially on three recursive (non-linear)
components, i.e. the phase of exposure, the phase of critical awareness and the phase of development of actions that teachers can
implement in their teaching. We finish by exploring the critical role of assessment in language education and conclude by inviting
teachers and educators to become involved in ELF research for CLE.
Can metacognition bring in the ingredients requisite for L2 listening success?
Authors: Mart Çağrı Tuğrul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metacognition has emerged as one of the most preeminent constructs of cognitive research. The core premise of embracing metacognition lies in its underlying potential to regulate, monitor, and plan the process of learning. Metacognitively aware learners empower their zealous in their pursuits of exhibiting more accomplished performance and guide their attempts towards higher proficiency gains in language learning. In addition, encouraging role of metacognition leads to witnessing sufficiently sophisticated advanced-level L2 listening proficiency. This paper attempts to explore whether metacognition has the potential power to bring in the ingredients for notable improvement in listening success. It would appear that metacognition has a number of concrete effects for the occurrence of high levels of L2 listening mastery.
Partitive genitive constructions and agreement variations in Latvian
Authors: Kalnača Andra , Lokmane Ilze 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article takes a closer look at the partitive genitive constructions in Latvian, their structure, semantics, and syntactic functions. With the help of a corpus analysis, an attempt has been made to find out what determines gender and number agreement variations between the partitive genitive constructions in subject position and the predicate, if it comprises a declinable participle. Attention was paid to such features as subject animacy, voice of the predicate, word order (SV / VS), quantifier lexeme and grammatical number of the genitive. 320 examples with partitive genitive constructions were selected from The Balanced Corpus of Modern Latvian LVK2018, including such quantifier lexemes as daļa ‘part’, skaits ‘number’, vairums ‘quantity’, vairākums ‘majority’, puse ‘half’, daudzums ‘amount / quantity’, lērums ‘bagful’, simts ‘hundred’, tūkstotis ‘thousand’, daudz ‘much/many’, maz ‘little / few’. The best results are given by the combination of values ‘animate’, ‘active’ and ‘SV’, in which 93.24% of the examples are partitive genitive agreement. Data analyzed so far suggest that quantifiers involving the semantic element of partitivity (e.g., daļa ‘part’) favor partitive genitive agreement, whereas quantifiers lacking this semantic element favor quantifier agreement. This is an exploratory quantitative study on agreement tendencies in Latvian.
Towards exploring features of Hamiltonian renormalisation relevant for quantum gravity
Authors: Bahr Benjamin , Liegener Klaus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the Hamiltonian renormalisation group (RG) flow of discretised one-dimensional physical theories. In particular, we investigate the influence the choice of different embedding maps has on the RG flow and the resulting continuum limit, and show in which sense they are, and in which sense they are not equivalent as physical theories. We are furthermore elucidating on the interplay of the RG flow and the algebras which operators satisfy, both on the discrete and the continuum. Further, we propose preferred renormalisation prescriptions for operator algebras guaranteeing to arrive at preferred algebraic relations in the continuum, if suitable extension properties are assumed. Finally, we introduce a weaker form of distributional equivalence, and show how unitarily inequivalent continuum limits, which arise due to a choice of different embedding maps, can still be weakly equivalent in that sense. We expect these results to have application in defining an RG flow in loop quantum gravity.
A relativistic mass dipole gravitational theory and its connections with AQUAL
Authors: Penner A Raymond 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It will be shown that a gravitational theory based on there being an additional contribution to the gravitational field from mass dipoles leads to the same field equation that arises from the AQUAL formulation of MOND. However, unlike AQUAL, the mass dipole theory does not require a modification of Newtonian gravitational theory. In addition, both SR and linearized GR field equations will be derived for the mass dipole and AQUAL gravitational theories.
Energy scales and black hole pseudospectra: the structural role of the scalar product
Authors: Gasperín E , Jaramillo J L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A pseudospectrum analysis has recently provided evidence of a potential generic instability of black hole (BH) quasinormal mode (QNM) overtones under high-frequency perturbations. Such instability analysis depends on the assessment of the size of perturbations. The latter is encoded in the scalar product and its choice is not unique. Here, we address the impact of the scalar product choice, advocating for founding it on the physical energy scales of the problem. The article is organized in three parts: basics, applications and heuristic proposals. In the first part, we revisit the energy scalar product used in the hyperboloidal approach to QNMs, extending previous effective analyses and placing them on solid spacetime basis. The second part focuses on systematic applications of the scalar product in the QNM problem: (i) we demonstrate that the QNM instability is not an artifact of previous spectral numerical schemes, by implementing a finite elements calculation from a weak formulation; (ii) using Keldysh’s asymptotic expansion of the resolvent, we provide QNM resonant expansions for the gravitational waveform, with explicit expressions of the expansion coefficients; (iii) we propose the notion of ‘epsilon-dual QNM expansions’ to exploit BH QNM instability in BH spectroscopy, complementarily exploiting both non-perturbed and perturbed QNMs, the former informing on large scales and the latter probing small scales. The third part enlarges the conceptual scope of BH QNM instability proposing: (a) spiked perturbations are more efficient in triggering BH QNM instabilities than smooth ones, (b) a general picture of the BH QNM instability problem is given, supporting the conjecture (built on Burnett’s conjecture on the spacetime high-frequency limit) that Nollert–Price branches converge universally to logarithmic Regge branches in the high-frequency limit and (c) aiming at a fully geometric description of QNMs, BMS states are hinted as possible asymptotic/boundary degrees of freedom for an inverse scattering problem.
Covariance kernels investigation from diffusive wave equations for data assimilation in hydrology
Authors: Malou T , Monnier J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In data assimilation (DA), the estimation of the background error covariance operator is a classical and still open topic. However, this operator is often modeled using empirical information. In order to exploit at best the potential of the knowledge of the physics, the present study proposes a method to derive covariance operators from the underlying equations. In addition, Green’s kernels can be used to model covariance operators and are naturally linked to them. Therefore, Green’s kernels of equations representing physics can provide physically-derived estimates of the background error covariance operator, and also physically-consistent parameters. In this context, the present covariance operators are used in a variational DA (VDA) process of altimetric data to infer bathymetry in the Saint-Venant equations. In order to investigate these new physically-derived covariance operators, the associated VDA results are compared to the VDA results using classical operators with physically-consistent and arbitrary parameters. The physically-derived operators and physically-consistent exponential operator provide better accuracy and faster convergence than empirical operators, especially during the first iterations of the VDA optimization process.
Experimental investigation on the velocity of cathode spots in a vacuum arc with high di/dt
Authors: Liu Liming , Yuan Zhao , Chen Lixue , Liu Shan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the development of DC transmission and aerospace technology, the demands on the breaking capacity of vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) under high

d

i

d

t

condition are getting higher and higher. The breaking capacity of VCBs is determined by cathode spots, which provide electrons and metal vapor to maintain the arc. In this paper, the experiments of cathode spot observation were carried out based on the detachable vacuum interrupter and the cup-shaped axial magnetic field contacts. The images of cathode spot distribution were obtained by an ultra high-speed camera. In the initial expansion stage of arcing, it was discovered that the distribution of cathode spots is ring-shaped and symmetrical. The initial expansion velocity of cathode spot ring is approximately proportional to the value of

d

i

d

t

and is independent of frequency. During the whole arcing process, the expansion velocity of cathode spot ring rises first and then drops with arcing time. The effects of the magnetic field and metal vapor density on the expansion process of cathode spot were analyzed. Based on the experimental conditions and results, the values of magnetic field and metal vapor density were calculated which can reasonably explain the variation of expansion velocity of cathode spot.
Nonlinearly tunable extraordinary optical transmission in a hybird metamaterial
Authors: Cai Weiqi , Fan Yuancheng , Fu Quanhong , Yang Ruisheng , Zhu Wei , Zhang Yujing , Zhang Fuli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dielectric metamaterials are promising for significantly enhanced optical nonlinearity for their strongly localized Mie-resonant mode. Here, we theoretically and experimentally studied a hybrid metamaterial exhibiting extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) behavior, in which the transmission amplitude and frequency can be modulated. The EOT of the perforated metal sheet with subwavelength aperture is induced with a dielectric cuboid by setting them in a close proximity and exploiting the first-order Mie-resonant mode. The electromagnetic wave is effectively coupled to the subwavelength aperture by properly placing the dielectric cuboid, and the transmission intensity can be enhanced more than 150 times. Meanwhile, we employed the nonlinear effect of the dielectric cuboid to modulate the operation band of the EOT. Hopefully, our work can inspire innovations for the research of light–matter interactions, electromagnetic light switching devices and filter devices.
Research and application of a novel piecewise unsaturated asymmetric tristable stochastic resonance system
Authors: Zhang Gang , Zhu Xingyu , Zhang Tianqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is of great significance in the application of mechanical equipment, which makes the extraction of weak fault signals particularly critical by stochastic resonance (SR). Compared with bistable SR, tristable SR has stronger advantages in weak signal extraction, but the classical tristable stochastic resonance (CTSR) system was limited by output saturation, which resulted in insufficient signal amplification ability. To solve the above problems, combined with asymmetric system whose output can be improved to a higher degree, a novel piecewise unsaturated asymmetric tristable SR (NPUATSR) system is proposed. Through numerical simulation, it is concluded that NPUATSR output amplitude varies proportionally with the amplitude of the input, which overcomes the output saturation of CTSR. Secondly, the stationary probability density and mean first passage time of particles are derived by using adiabatic approximation theory, and the variation law caused by parameters is analyzed in combination with potential function, the internal mechanism of the system is further studied. Through the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it is found that the performance advantage of NPUTASR system is the most obvious, and different parameters affect the output SNR. Finally, the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, and the proposed system is applied to early fault diagnosis on different types of bearings. After comparison with different systems, the results show that NPUATSR can effectively detect the fault frequency, and has the most outstanding advantages in spectrum amplification and anti-noise performance, which proves that NPUATSR system has significant value in practical engineering application.
Combination of selol nanocapsules and magnetic hyperthermia hinders breast tumor growth in aged mice after a short-time treatment
Authors: Pinheiro Willie Oliveira , Costa do Santos Mayara Simonelly , Farias Gabriel Ribeiro , Fascineli Maria Luiza , Ramos Khellida Loiane Vieira , Duarte Eliza Carla Barroso , Damasceno Emanuel Adelino Medeiros , da Silva Jaqueline Rodrigues , Joanitti Graziella Anselmo , de Azevedo Ricardo Bentes , Sousa Marcelo Henrique , Lacava Zulmira Guerrero Marques , Mosiniewicz-Szablewska Ewa , Suchocki Piotr , Morais Paulo Cesar , de Andrade Laise Rodrigues 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Short time treatment with reduced dosages of selol-loaded PLGA nanocapsules (NcSel) combined with magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is evaluated in aged Erhlich tumor-bearing mice. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, genotoxic and histopathological parameters are assessed during 7 d treatment with NcSel and MHT, separately or combined. The time evolution of the tumor volume is successfully modeled using the logistic mathematical model. The combined therapy comprising NcSel and MHT is able to hinder primary tumor growth and a case of complete tumor remission is recorded. Moreover, no metastasis was diagnosed and the adverse effects are negligible. NcSel plus MHT may represent an effective and safe alternative to cancer control in aged patients. Future clinical trials are encouraged.