bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘ES IST EINE DESOLATE IDEE, GENIE WERDEN ZU WOLLEN’: ZUM BÖRSENWERT DES BEGRIFFS GENIE BEI NESTROY
Authors: Dusini Arno 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIn his farces, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy seizes on prevailing stereotypes of genius, treating the concept with an irony that contributed to its critical revision in his day. Drawing on the theories of Michail Bachtin, the article examines how genius – as a term and as a series of (con)figurations – features in Nestroy's works, differentiating between its chronotopic, polyphonic and dialogic dramaturgical functions. Within the sociolinguistic groundedness of Nestroy's settings, the tension between words and action, puns and plot, opens up perspectives on the play between various kinds of capital which drove ʻVormärzʼ society.Die Possen Johann Nepomuk Nestroys lassen sich die zeittypische Konjunktur des Geniewesens nicht entgehen und haben Teil an seiner kritischen Ironisierung. Ausgehend von Konzepten Michail Bachtins unterscheidet und untersucht der Beitrag eine chronotopische, eine polyphone und eine dialogisch‐dramaturgische Funktion, die Begriff und Figuration des ʻGeniesʼ bei Nestroy zukommen. In der Spannung von Wortbedeutung und dramatischem Geschehen öffnet sich in der sprachlich‐sozialen Konkretion der Faktur der Stücke ein Blick auf das Spiel der Kapitalien, das die Vormärzgesellschaft umtreibt.
NACH DEM SCHICKSAL: NAPOLEON BEI HEINE UND TOLSTOJ
Authors: Howe Jan Niklas 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe article uses the contrast between Heinrich Heine and Tolstoyʼs descriptions of Napoleon to explore the paradigm shift from artistic to political figures in nineteenth‐century models of genius. Departing from a brief sketch of five fundamental elements of eighteenth‐century genius aesthetics, it outlines how poetic genius (personified by Goethe) is succeeded by political genius (Napoleon) in Heine's work. Genius as a political category maintains a constitutive underdetermination which accounts for its superlative and enigmatic quality. At the same time, the politicisation of personal genius means that it can be questioned in terms of historical and military achievements. The article demonstrates that this option of critical evaluation, instrumentalised by Heine against Napoleonʼs enemies, is turned against the emperor himself in later nineteenth‐century accounts, as a brief reading of War and Peace exemplifies. Both Heine's exuberant and Tolstoy's polemic depiction of Napoleon are centred on the concept of fate. This focus points to rivalry between literature and politics with regard to the possibility of individual self‐assertion. Genius becomes a way of describing historical events that allows for individual agency in the face of necessity and chance, war and mobilised masses; it also re‐establishes literatureʼs authority to evaluate historical events.Der Aufsatz zeichnet anhand gegenläufiger Napoleon‐Beschreibungen bei Heine und Tolstoj die Ersetzung des Künstlergenies durch den genialen Feldherrn im neunzehnten Jahrhundert nach. Ausgehend von einer kurzen Skizze zu fünf grundlegenden Elementen der Genieästhetik des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts wird zunächst gezeigt, wie in Heines Schriften poetisches Genie (Goethe) durch politisches Genie (Napoleon) abgelöst wird. Der Genie‐Begriff behält dabei auch als politische Kategorie eine konstitutive Unterbestimmtheit, die ihn zu einem unhintergehbaren Superlativ macht. Allerdings wird die Zuschreibung von Genie hinterfragbar, mit Blick auf tatsächliche politische (etwa militärische) Erfolge. Die Begründung für die Zuschreibung von Genie über Handlungen, bei Heine zur Glorifizierung Napoleons eingesetzt, wird im späteren neunzehnten Jahrhundert gegen den Kaiser selbst gewendet, wie eine kursorische Lektüre von Krieg und Frieden zeigt. Heines begeistertes Porträt und Tolstojs Karrikatur Napoleons sind jeweils um das Konzept des Schicksals zentriert und verweisen auf eine Konkurrenz zwischen Literatur und Politik mit Blick auf die Möglichkeit individueller Selbstbehauptung. Genie bedeutet eine Möglichkeit, in der Beschreibung historischer Ereignisse individuelle Handlungsmöglichkeiten wieder einzuführen, gegenüber den Zwängen von Schicksal, Zufall, Krieg und mobilisierten Massen. Bei Heine wie Tolstoj wird ein literarischer Deutungsanspruch gegenüber historischen Ereignissen artikuliert.
SCHATTEN‐ UND LICHTSEITEN DER GENIETHEORIE OTTO WEININGERS
Authors: Rider Jacques Le 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIs it possible to separate the wheat from the chaff in Otto Weiningerʼs (in)famous Geschlecht und Charakter and to analyse its theory of genius without taking into consideration the antifeminist and antisemitic context of the work as a whole? This article argues that it is not: Weininger's theory of genius is central to his misogynistic and antisemitic cultural critique. He uses genius as the unassailable subject, ‘the divine in man’, to oppose Ernst Mach's thesis of the ‘unrettbares Ich’ (‘irretrievable self’) that was popularised by Hermann Bahr as a fitting diagnosis of the malaise of modernity.
Emerging technologies in combination with probiotics for aflatoxins removal: an updated review
Authors: Abdolmaleki Khadije , Javanmardi Fardin , Gavahian Mohsen , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAflatoxins are known for their high toxicity, and their presence in food is associated with a high health risk. The levels were set for aflatoxin in different foodstuffs to protect public health. Various chemical, physical, and biological methods have been reported for decontamination and detoxifying aflatoxins. Among biological methods, probiotics have an important role in the decontamination of aflatoxins. At the same time, some emerging food processing technologies showed promising results in aflatoxin degradation. This article reviewed significant studies of the last four years that investigated the effects of probiotics on the degradation rate of aflatoxins. Discussions on the possible contribution of emerging technologies along with probiotics are also provided. The results showed that the bioavailability of aflatoxins was reduced by adsorption or binding to probiotics’ cell walls, which increased their excretion rate. Besides, the amount of aflatoxin absorbed by probiotics depends on several parameters, including the complexity of the food matrix. Therefore, probiotics can be used as an effective method to reduce the absorption of aflatoxins in combination with other methods.
Testosterone level in seminal vesicle fluid is a better indicator of erectile function than serum testosterone in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Kashiwagi Eiji , Shiota Masaki , Naganuma Hidekazu , Monji Keisuke , Imada Kenjiro , Lee Ken , Matsumoto Takashi , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesSemen comprises prostatic fluid and seminal vesicle fluid, and seminal vesicle fluid contains various factors such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), zinc, and testosterone, which play important roles in sperm motility. It is not known whether these factors affect erectile function. In this study, we investigated factors in seminal vesicle fluid that may affect erectile function.MethodsAfter receiving institutional review board approval, we collected seminal vesicle fluid samples from 134 Japanese patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. We examined the relationship between the results of the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), erection hardness score, an original questionnaire on the presence or absence of sexual desire, and concentrations of several factors in seminal vesicle fluid (testosterone, PGE2, transforming growth factor β1, and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine), as well as the serum testosterone level.ResultsMedian participant age was 67 (range 51–77) years. Median concentrations were as follows: seminal vesicle testosterone 1.85 (range 0.17–4.32) ng/ml and serum testosterone 4.60 (range 1.75–10.82) ng/ml. When the SHIM score was divided into two groups, seminal vesicle testosterone concentration was significantly increased (p = 0.002) in participants with a SHIM score ≥17, and no significant difference was observed in serum testosterone levels (p = 0.661). Multivariate analysis revealed that seminal vesicle testosterone was significantly correlated with the SHIM score (≥17 vs. <17; odds ratio 2.137, 95% confidence interval 1.148–3.978, p = 0.016).ConclusionsTestosterone levels in seminal vesicle fluid can reflect erectile function in patients with prostate cancer, suggesting that seminal vesicle testosterone is very important for male erectile function.
Differences in the pattern and cost of hospital care between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians with cirrhosis: an exploratory study
Authors: Amarasena Samath , Clark Paul J. , Gordon Louisa G. , Toombs Maree , Pratt Greg , Hartel Gunter , Bernardes Christina M. , Powell Elizabeth E. , Valery Patricia C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver diseases are important contributors to the mortality gap between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians.AimsThis cohort study examined factors associated with hospital admissions and healthcare outcomes among Indigenous Australians with cirrhosis.MethodsPatient‐reported outcomes were obtained by face‐to‐face interview (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire and Short Form 36 (SF‐36)). Clinical data were extracted from medical records and through data linkage for 534 patients (25 indigenous). Cumulative overall survival (Kaplan–Meier), rates of hospital admissions and emergency presentations, and costs were assessed by indigenous status. Incidence rate ratios (IRR; Poisson regression) were reported.ResultsIndigenous Australians admitted to hospital with cirrhosis had lower educational status compared with non‐indigenous patients (79.2% vs 43.4%; P < 0.001). The two groups had, in general, similar clinical characteristics including disease severity (P = 0.78), presence of cirrhosis complications (P = 0.67), comorbidities (P = 0.62), rates of cirrhosis‐related admissions (P = 0.86) and 5‐year survival (P = 0.30). However, indigenous patients had a lower score in the SF‐36 domain related to bodily pain (P = 0.037), more cirrhosis admissions via the emergency department (IRR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.83) and fewer planned cirrhosis admissions (IRR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.72). The total cost for cirrhosis‐related hospital admissions for 534 patients over 6 years (July 2012 to June 2018) was A$13.7 million. The cost of cirrhosis‐related hospital admissions was double for indigenous patients (cost ratio = 2.04, 95% CI 2.04–2.05).ConclusionsOur data highlight the disparities in health service use and patient‐reported outcomes, despite having similar clinical profiles. Integration between primary care, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and liver specialists is critical for appropriate health service delivery and effective use of resources. Chronic liver disease costs the community dearly.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome: novel risk factors and proposed pathophysiology
Authors: Ambati Ravi , Kho Lay K. , Prentice David , Thompson Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is non‐inflammatory demyelination in response to an osmotic challenge. It can be pontine or extrapontine in presentation.AimsTo retrospectively review cases involving ODS and define the spectrum of causes, risk factors, clinical and radiological presentations, and functional outcomes.ResultsThe study utilised data from 15 patients with a mean age of 53.6 years. Malnutrition (9; 60%) and chronic alcoholism (10; 66.7%) were the most common associated disorders. Two (13.3%) patients had severe hyponatraemia (<120 mmol/L). The average highest single‐day change was 5.1 mmol/L. Radiologically, 14 (93.3%) had pontine and 6 (40%) had extra‐pontine lesions. Hypokalaemia (14; 93.3%) and hypophosphataemia (9; 60%) were commonly associated. Common clinical manifestations include altered consciousness/encephalopathy (9; 60%), dysphagia (4; 26.7%) and limb weakness (4; 26.7%). At 3 months, two (14.3%) had died and six (40%) were functionally independent (modified Rankin scale 0–2).ConclusionWe found that ODS occurred despite appropriate correction rates of hyponatraemia. Factors such as malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, hypokalaemia and hypophosphataemia are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Approximately half of the patients survived and became functionally independent.
Improved metabolic parameters of people with diabetes attending an Aboriginal health service in regional Victoria
Authors: Eer Audrey S. , Hearn Tracey , Atkinson‐Briggs Sharon , Drake Shannon , Singh Satpal , Neoh Sandra , Pyrlis Felicity , Hachem Mariam , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Burchill Luke J. , O'Brien Richard C. , Ekinci Elif I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have higher rates of diabetes and its complications than non‐Aboriginal people. Rumbalara Aboriginal Co‐operative is the major primary healthcare provider for Aboriginal people in the Greater Shepparton region.AimsTo evaluate the baseline metabolic parameters and presence of diabetes complications in people with type 2 diabetes attending Rumbalara Aboriginal Co‐operative in 2017 and compare it with other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies and Australian specialist diabetes services.MethodsClinical and biochemical characteristics, including diabetes type, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, micro‐ and macrovascular complications, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), haemoglobin, renal function, lipid profile, urine albumin:creatinine ratio, diabetes medications, renin angiotensin system inhibition therapies, HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors and antiplatelet agents, were determined.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐six individuals had diabetes, 121 had type 2 diabetes. One hundred and thirteen identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Median age was 57.5 (48–68) years, median HbA1c was 7.8% (6.8–9.6) and median BMI was 33.4 kg/m2 (29–42.3). Compared with other Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, this population was older and had more obesity, but with better glycaemia management. Compared with specialist diabetes services, this population was of similar age, with greater BMI but comparable HbA1c.ConclusionsAboriginal people living with type 2 diabetes attending this regional Aboriginal health service have comparable glycaemic management to specialist diabetes services in Australia, managed largely by primary care physicians with limited access to specialist care for the past 5 years.
Impact of aqueous solution pH on network structure of corrosion‐induced surface layers of boroaluminosilicate glass
Authors: Kaya Huseyin , Gin Stephane , Vogt Bryan D. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding of the long‐term stability of vitrified nuclear waste glass is critical to its safe storage, but knowledge gaps remain regarding the corrosion mechanism, especially with respect to surface alteration layers whose presence changes the observed corrosion rates. Here, we report the aqueous corrosion of a model boroaluminosilicate glass at ground water relevant pHs as investigated by vibrational spectroscopy to understand the network structure of the alteration layer that we hypothesize controls the corrosion rates. Both specular reflection infrared spectroscopy and infrared variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to elucidate details of the structure of the alteration layers formed at pH 7 and pH 9. After 2312 days, the thickness of the alteration layer is found to be ∼2000 nm for corrosion at pH 7 and ∼300 nm for corrosion at pH 9. The interpretation of the vibrational spectra suggests that alteration layers formed at pH 7 and pH 9 both exhibit a porous network with "silica‐like" structures, but with differences in the bond lengths and bond angles in the glass network. Moreover, the relative abundance of the hydrous species within the porous network appears to be dependent on pH. Additionally, the spectroscopic data suggest that the B and Ca trapped in the alteration layer during the secondary corrosion of the pH 9 pre‐corroded sample in pH 3 solution are hydrated within the nano‐porous layer and not bound to the silicate network. However, the precise chemical form remains to be determined. Based on these findings, we propose that the combination of the network structure of the alteration layer and the relative abundance of hydrous species within the alteration layer act to control the transport of ionic species dissolved from the reaction front to the aqueous solution outside the glass.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of structural and elastic properties of SiO2–P2O5–Al2O3–Na2O glass
Authors: Qian Yixiao , Song Bin , Jin Junteng , Prayogo Genki I. , Utimula Keishu , Nakano Kousuke , Maezono Ryo , Hongo Kenta , Zhao Gaoling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effects of P2O5 content on the structural and mechanical properties of phosphoaluminosilicate glasses were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Structural simulations involving the partial radial distribution functions, angle distributions, and proportions of bridging oxygen and nonbridging oxygen species were performed. The results indicated that an increase in the phosphorus content disordered the distributions of the bond length and bond angle. At low phosphorus contents (P2O5 < 5.17 mol%), phosphorus captured sodium ions in the Si–ONBO–Na linkage and formed a P–ONBO–Na linkage, completing the silicate network. With P2O5 contents ranging from 5.17 mol% to 8.62 mol%, PO4 units existed in the glass network in the form of Si–OBO–P and Al–OBO–P linkages. At higher phosphorus contents (18.97 mol% < P2O5 < 50.00 mol%), silicate glass network transformed into a phosphate glass network, the negative charge generated by AlO4 units was compensated by Al–OBO–P linkage. In particular, the generation mechanisms of oxygen triclusters and five‐coordinate aluminum as well as their evolutions were elaborated. Regarding the mechanical properties, atomic bonding strength was examined to analyze the intrinsic nature of the elastic modulus in phosphoaluminosilicate glass. The results indicated that P‐O bonding strength significantly contributed to the elastic modulus.
Quantitative inspection of grain‐scale chemical inhomogeneities in high‐entropy AlB2‐type transition metal diborides
Authors: Monteverde Frédéric , Saraga Federico , Gaboardi Mattia , Feng Lun , Hilmas Gregory , Fahrenholtz William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chemical homogeneity of single phase high‐entropy AlB2‐type Ti‐Zr‐Hf‐Ta‐TM diboride (TM = Cr, V, W, Mo), as well as Ti‐Zr‐Hf‐Mo‐W solid solutions was investigated using a new method based on the comparative examination of information provided by electron microscopy and structural parameters. The study of the densification behavior was accomplished, and strong correlations among densification rate‐grain coarsening‐long range chemical randomization were found. High‐resolution synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction supported by grain‐scale chemical analyses by energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that homogenization of the metals was incomplete, with direct impact on the refined lattice μ‐strain. The chemical inhomogeneity was on the same length scale as the grain size, which makes it hardly detectable by typical chemical mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Based on this analysis, the resulting μ‐strain broadening is not an intrinsic property of the material, but strongly depends on its processing history.
Sintering and foaming of bioactive glasses
Authors: Blaeß Carsten , Müller Ralf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSintering, crystallization, and foaming of 44.8SiO2–2.5P2O3–36.5CaO–6.6Na2O–6.6K2O–3.0CaF2 (F3) and 54.6SiO2–1.7P2O3–22.1CaO–6.0Na2O–7.9K2O–7.7MgO (13–93) bioactive glass powders milled in isopropanol and CO2 were studied via heating microscopy, differential thermal analysis, vacuum hot extraction (VHE), Infrared spectroscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Full densification was reached in any case and followed by significant foaming. VHE studies show that foaming is driven by carbon gases and carbonates were detected by Infrared spectroscopy to provide the major foaming source. Carbonates could be detected even after heating to 750°C, which hints on a thermally very stable species or mechanical trapping. Otherwise, dark gray compact colors for milling in isopropanol indicate the presence of residual carbon as well. Its significant contribution to foaming, however, could not be proved and might be limited by the diffusivity of oxygen needed for carbon oxidation to carbon gas.
Association of human leukocyte antigen DQ-rs3920AG genotype with Helicobacter pylori recurrence in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Authors: Ghazy Amany A. , Taha Ahmed E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim was to evaluate the role of HLA-DP/DQ single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Helicobacter pylori infection in Kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt.

Methods and results
The study enrolled 120 persons; 48 naïve H. pylori-infected patients, 42 relapsers and 30 H. pylori-free controls. Gastroscopy, H. pylori stool antigen, anti-CagA and anti-VacA antibodies were determined. Genotyping of HLA-DPA1rs3077 (A/G) SNP and HLA-DQ-rs3920(A/G) SNP was done using real-time PCR. The antibody profile against H. pylori showed that 85.7% of patients with recurrent infection have IgG against CagA (p = 0.001*). There was a significant association between the occurrence of H. pylori infection and both HLA-DPA1rs3077AA and HLA-DQ-rs3920AG genotypes. Concerning H. pylori relapse, the HLA-DQ-rs3920AG genotype was detected in 78.6% of patients with recurrent infection (p = 0.002*). Patients carrying this genotype tend to be relapsers 9.8 times more than patients carrying other genotypes.

Conclusions
HLA-DPA1rs3077AA and/or HLA-DQ-rs3920AG genotypes could be risk factors for the occurrence of H. pylori infection. HLA-DQ-rs3920AG genotype is markedly linked to recurrent H. pylori infection.

Significance and impact of the study
Host factors as HLA gene polymorphism could be a predisposing factor for susceptibility, recurrence or chronicity of H. pylori and should be studied in different ethnic groups.