bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Cention N after Brushing Simulation with Herbal and Fluoridated Toothpaste - An In-vitro Study
Authors: Arsath N. Mohamed , Ganesh S. Balaji , Jayalakshmi S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cention N, a new alternative tooth coloured resin based filling material. Toothbrushing abrasion is a key issue in restorative dentistry. A smooth surface is a crucial factor to be considered for establishing a successful restoration because the surface roughness of a restorative material results in plaque deposition, discoloration of the restoration, microleakage and secondary caries. The present study aims in evaluating the surface roughness of Cention N before and after brushing with herbal toothpaste and fluoridated toothpaste.
Materials and Methods: A total of 8 Cention N samples were prepared and randomly divided into two groups into 2 groups as Group A- herbal toothpaste(n=4), Group B- fluoridated toothpaste(n=4). The samples were placed in a brushing simulator for 30000 cycles and their surface roughness was evaluated by using stylus profilometer-Mitutoyo SJ 310 and with the results collected a statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software “SPSS VERSION 23” and its results are demonstrated in the form of bar graph.
Results: The Ra values of both the samples before and after brushing simulation was constant and only the Rq and Rz values showed difference between the groups. There was no notable changes in surface roughness parameters between the groups. The statistical “paired t test” analysis depicts that the p value for Rz parameter was 0.359 which is (p<0.05), hence statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Brushing simulation did not influence the surface roughness of Cention N restorative material. There was no significant increase or decrease in surface roughness values after brushing simulation which indicates cention N material can withstand abrasive forces, but the results can vary in oral cavity environment.
Assessment of the Dental Students and Dental Practitioners Awareness about Bleeding Disorders across Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnaim Tariq Abdullatif , Almajed Omar Sami , Alqahtani Saud Salman , Alhulibi Ibrahim Abdulwahab , Bokhari Syed Akhtar Hussain 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Bleeding disorders are a group of disorders which results from defective platlets functions or coagulation or both and it can be classified into platlets disorders, blood vessel disorders and coagulation factors disorders. Bleeding disorder patients undergoing dental procedures may need special management before dental procedure.
Aim: To assess the awareness level of the dental students and practitioners in Saudi Arabia about the bleeding disorders.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 dental students and dentists in Saudi Arabia. This was a questionnaire based internet survey consisted of 331 clinical year dental students and 171 dentists. The questionnaire contained 15 questions.
Results: The highest percentage of participants were from the Eastern Province (31.1%). Almost half of the participants were males (51.2%). The dentists represented (34.1%). Around (47.8%) of participants reported that they had encountered bleeding disorder patients before. Almost (50.8%) participants who encountered those patients said that they referred them to a physician for a consent. Six questions were used to assess the knowledge of the participants about the bleeding disorders based on the number of the correct answers. Only (1%) were able to answer all the questions correctly. Most of the participants (93.8%) said that they need to learn more about bleeding disorders.
Conclusion: Majority of the dental students and general practitioners had poor knowledge of the management of bleeding disorder patients.We strongly recommend intensifying dental educational programs and more training is required in management of patients with medical complications.
A Case Report on High Contagious and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hypertensive Client: An Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection
Authors: Kothe Amruta , Pohekar Savita , Alnewar Pragati 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a potentially life-threatening. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the rapidly progressive respiratory illness which may be due to the pathogens that have potentials for large scale epidemics. MERSCOV AND H7N9 (Avian influenza) has been described by SARS. The causative organism of a SARS yet not being identified or it cannot be easily established. SARS increases morbidity and mortality which is associated with the COVID -19. COVID-19 can be complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and may often cause multisystem involvement is encountered. SARS patients had mandatory needs of intensive care unit hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.
Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: A 50 years old female was admitted in A.V.B.R.H. with chief complaints of cold, cough (dry, non-productive, non-bloody), vomiting, loose stool, breathlessness since 3 days. The patient was hypertensive for which she was taking Tab Amlo. After undergone certain investigation like complete blood test, HRCT, ECG and diagnosed as SARS and shifted to Intensive care unit.
The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: A 50 years old female with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) with chief complaints of cold, cough (dry, non-productive, non-bloody), vomiting, loose stool, breathlessness, the doctors manage her initially withantibiotic, steroids, vitamin C, multivitamin and anticoagulant and adequate nursing management.
Nursing Perspectives: The nursing interventions initiated for managing present case aremonitor the vital sign i.e., blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature, maintain oxygen level and intake output. BIPAP site observed and ensure that the patients is comfortable. Patient assessed for GCS, Glucose level and sign of cyanosis, monitoring the ESR, D-DIMER, RT PCR, FERRITIN other investigations like HRCT.
Conclusion: In the Present case the patient of 50-year-old female with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) it has been managed with the therapeutic treatment, right now the patient condition is worsened.
Effects of Charge Dynamics in the Emission Layer on the Operational Lifetimes of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Kwangmo , Nam Sungho , Kim Joonghyuk , Kwon Eun Suk , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho , Kim Ji Whan , Lee Jaesang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite more than 20 years of research, the root cause of the impractically short lifetimes of blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) has remained unclear. To overcome this, the authors investigate how the electrical properties of the emission layer (EML) of blue PHOLEDs affect degradation of the devices. It is found that a large density of dopant carriers is the dominant factor triggering triplet‐polaron annihilation (TPA), which is a major defect‐generation and hence lifetime‐reduction mechanism. In order to reduce the generation of the TPA‐induced defects to ensure long device lifetimes, the dopant carrier density should be minimized by suppressing the spontaneous charge transfer from the host to the dopant initially and by supplying sufficient charges with opposite polarity into the EML. However, there exists another critical factor that offsets the low overall density of defects against device lifetimes—that is, the non‐uniform distribution of defects leading to intense exciton quenching. These two degradation factors are predetermined, and hence can be controlled, by the charge mobilities of the PHOLED EML. Given these considerations, it is demonstrated that the long‐lifetime blue PHOLEDs can be realized.
A Bioinspired Five‐Coordinated Single‐Atom Iron Nanozyme for Tumor Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Xu Bolong , Li Shanshan , Zheng Lirong , Liu Yunhang , Han Along , Zhang Jin , Huang Zhijun , Xie Haijiao , Fan Kelong , Gao Lizeng , Liu Huiyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) represent a new research frontier in the biomedical fields. The rational design and controllable synthesis of SAzymes with well‐defined electronic and geometric structures are essential for maximizing their enzyme‐like catalytic activity and therapeutic efficacy but remain challenging. Here, a melamine‐mediated pyrolysis activation strategy is reported for the controllable fabrication of iron‐based SAzyme containing five‐coordinated structure (FeN5), identified by transmission electron microscopy imaging and X‐ray absorption fine structure analyses. The FeN5 SAzyme exhibits superior peroxidase‐like activity owing to the optimized coordination structure, and the corresponding catalytic efficiency of Fe‐species in the FeN5 SAzyme is 7.64 and 3.45 × 105 times higher than those in traditional FeN4 SAzyme and Fe3O4 nanozyme, respectively, demonstrated by steady‐state kinetic assay. In addition, the catalytic mechanism is jointly disclosed by experimental results and density functional theory studies. The as‐synthesized FeN5 SAzyme demonstrates significantly enhanced antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo due to the excellent peroxidase‐like activity under tumor microenvironment.
A Redox Couple Strategy Enables Long‐Cycling Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes by Suppressing Oxygen Release
Authors: Shao Qinong , Gao Panyu , Yan Chenhui , Gao Mingxi , Du Wubin , Chen Jian , Yang Yaxiong , Gan Jiantuo , Wu Zhijun , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Gairong , Zheng Xusheng , Lin Yue , Jiang Yinzhu , Sun Wenping , Liu Yongfeng , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLi‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides (LMROs) are considered the most promising cathode candidates for next‐generation high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. The poor cycling stability and fast voltage fading resulting from oxygen release during charging, however, severely hinders their practical application. Herein, a strategy of introducing an additional redox couple is proposed to eliminate the persistent problem of oxygen release. As a proof of concept, the cycling stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, which is a typical LMRO cathode, is substantially enhanced with the help of the S2−/SO32− redox couple, and the capacity shows no decay with a retention of 100% after 700 cycles at 1C, far superior to the bare counterpart (61.7%). The surface peroxide ions (O22−) are readily chemically reduced back to immobile O2− by S2− during charging, accompanied by the formation of SO32−, which plays a critical role in stabilizing the oxygen lattice and eventually inhibiting the release of oxygen. More importantly, the S2− ions are regenerated during the following discharging process and participate in the chemical redox reaction again. The findings shed light on a potential direction to tackle the poor cycling stability of high‐energy anion‐redox cathode materials for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries.
Heterojunction Annealing Enabling Record Open‐Circuit Voltage in Antimony Triselenide Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Rong , Chen Shuo , Zheng Zhuang‐Hao , Su Zheng‐Hua , Luo Jing‐Ting , Fan Ping , Zhang Xiang‐Hua , Tang Jiang , Liang Guang‐Xing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that antimony triselenide (Sb2Se3) thin‐film solar cells have undergone rapid development in recent years, the large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit still remains as the biggest bottleneck, as even the world‐record device suffers from a large VOC deficit of 0.59 V. Here, an effective interface engineering approach is reported where the Sb2Se3/CdS heterojunction (HTJ) is subjected to a post‐annealing treatment using a rapid thermal process. It is found that nonradiative recombination near the Sb2Se3/CdS HTJ, including interface recombination and space charge region recombination, is greatly suppressed after the HTJ annealing treatment. Ultimately, a substrate Sb2Se3/CdS thin‐film solar cell with a competitive power conversion efficiency of 8.64% and a record VOC of 0.52 V is successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a much mitigated VOC deficit of 0.49 V, which is lower than that of any other reported efficient antimony chalcogenide solar cell.
A Fiber‐Based 3D Lithium Host for Lean Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Sicen , Wu Zhaohui , Holoubek John , Liu Haodong , Hopkins Emma , Xiao Yuxuan , Xing Xing , Lee Myeong Hwan , Liu Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract3D hosts are promising to extend the cycle life of lithium metal anodes but have rarely been implemented with lean electrolytes thus impacting the practical cell energy density. To overcome this challenge, a 3D host that is lightweight and easy to fabricate with optimum pore size that enables full utilization of its pore volume, essential for lean electrolyte operations, is reported. The host is fabricated by casting a VGCF (vapor‐grown carbon fiber)‐based slurry loaded with a sparingly soluble rubidium nitrate salt as an additive. The network of fibers generates uniform pores of ≈3 µm in diameter with a porosity of 80%, while the nitrate additive enhances lithiophilicity. This 3D host delivers an average coulombic efficiency of 99.36% at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 for over 860 cycles in half‐cell tests. Full cells containing an anode with 1.35‐fold excess lithium paired with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes exhibit capacity retention of 80% over 176 cycles at C/2 under a lean electrolyte condition of 3 g Ah−1. This work provides a facile and scalable method to advance 3D lithium hosts closer to practical lithium‐metal batteries.
Visualizing Hot‐Carrier Expansion and Cascaded Transport in WS2 by Ultrafast Transient Absorption Microscopy
Authors: Liu Qirui , Wei Ke , Tang Yuxiang , Xu Zhongjie , Cheng Xiang'ai , Jiang Tian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe competition between different spatiotemporal carrier relaxation determines the carrier harvesting in optoelectronic semiconductors, which can be greatly optimized by utilizing the ultrafast spatial expansion of highly energetic carriers before their energy dissipation via carrier–phonon interactions. Here, the excited‐state dynamics in layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) are primarily imaged in the temporal, spatial, and spectral domains by transient absorption microscopy. Ultrafast hot carrier expansion is captured in the first 1.4 ps immediately after photoexcitation, with a mean diffusivity up to 980 cm2 s−1. This carrier diffusivity then rapidly weakens, reaching a conventional linear spread of 10.5 cm2 s−1 after 2 ps after the hot carriers cool down to the band edge and form bound excitons. The novel carrier diffusion can be well characterized by a cascaded transport model including 3D thermal transport and thermo‐optical conversion, in which the carrier temperature gradient and lattice thermal transport govern the initial hot carrier expansion and long‐term exciton diffusion rates, respectively. The ultrafast hot carrier expansion breaks the limit of slow exciton diffusion in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, providing potential guidance for high‐performance applications and thermal management of optoelectronic technology.
From dietary adaptation in the past to drug metabolism of today: An example of NAT genes in the Croatian Roma
Authors: Stojanović Marković Anita , Zajc Petranović Matea , Škobalj Marko , Poloni Estella S. , Pichler Oberški Lana , Škarić‐Jurić Tatjana , Peričić Salihović Marijana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe evolutionary mechanisms that shape the genetic structure of a population left their mark on genes that metabolize drugs. The Roma are an example of a population in which the migrations, isolation, and multiple founder effects have affected its genetic structure. In this study, we investigated NAT1 and NAT2 genes, members of the xenobiotic‐metabolizing NAT gene family in three Roma groups from Croatia to explore the specificities of the Roma population in relation to other populations.Materials and MethodsSeven SNPs in the NAT1 gene and seven in the NAT2 gene were genotyped in 439 Roma from Croatia, members of three socio‐culturally different and geographically distant groups (two groups of Vlax/Bayash Roma and one Balkan Roma group). Intra‐ and inter‐population variation was assessed in the Roma and 2504 individuals from the 1000 Genomes project database.ResultsThe distribution of haplotypes differed significantly between the Roma groups for NAT2, but not for NAT1. Translation of NAT2 diplotypes into acetylation phenotypes showed significant differences between populations. The Roma from Balkan had the highest frequency of slow acetylators among the studied populations. In the overall worldwide sample, population differentiation was higher for NAT2 than for NAT1 haplotypes consistent with pairwise genetic distances that were smaller for NAT1 than for NAT2. The Ewens–Watterson test results suggest that NAT1 is subjected to directional selection, while NAT2 is evolving neutrally.ConclusionThe distribution of variations within NAT genes in the Croatian Roma population is similar to that in the surrounding European populations. The significantly different distribution of NAT2 gene haplotypes and consequent phenotypes between the three investigated Roma groups is probably the result of genetic drift due to different demographic history and socio‐cultural isolation. The highest frequency of slow acetylators in Balkan Roma compared to the world populations makes them more prone to develop a NAT gene‐related adverse drug reaction than other populations.
The link between brain functional network connectivity and genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sendi Mohammad S.E. , Zendehrouh Elaheh , Miller Robyn L. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Salat David H. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals carrying the ɛ4 allele have the highest risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared with those carrying ɛ3 and ɛ2 allele, whereas ɛ2 allele has the lowest risk. Although previous studies explored the link between the genetic risk of AD and static functional network connectivity (sFNC), limited studies have evaluated the association between dynamic FNC (dFNC) and AD risk. Here, we explore how the dFNC differs between individuals with genetic risk for AD.MethodWe used rs‐fMRI data of 991 healthy brains (404 females) and their demographic information from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies‐3 cohort. The participants' age at scanning time was ranging from 42.46 to 95.39, with a mean of 69.81. We put the data into three groups including group1 (N=135, 63 females) including subjects with ɛ2 allele (i.e., ɛ2/ ɛ2, ɛ2/ ɛ3, and ɛ3/ɛ2), group2 (N=558, 219 females) including subjects with only ɛ3 allele (i.e., ɛ3/ ɛ3), and group3 (N=298, 122 females) including subjects with ɛ4 allele (i.e., ɛ3/ ɛ4, ɛ4/ ɛ3, and ɛ4/ɛ4). Age and gender were not significantly different across groups. Group‐ICA was used to extract 53 components. The sliding window and Pearson correlation were used to measure the dFNC among components K‐means algorithm was applied to partition dFNC windows into three distinct states. We calculated each subject's occupancy rate (OCR) in each state. A two‐sample t‐test was used to compare the OCR of groups in each state (Fig. 1).ResultSubject with a lower AD risk spend more time in state1 with more positive connectivity within cognitive control network (CCN) and between CCN and sensory network (Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B: pcorrected<0.05). Interestingly, in this state, the difference of OCR among subjects with different AD risk was more significant in females (Fig. 2C), while males did not show any significant difference in their OCR across three groups (Fig. 2D). Females with higher AD risk had more OCR in state 3 with relatively lower within CCN connectivity.ConclusionResults support the use of dFNC features as a potential biomarker of AD genetic risk for females. We also showed the role of CCN connectivity associated with the AD risk.
Lessons learned from offering a telehealth intervention for people with dementia and their caregivers
Authors: Laver Kate ,   Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is good evidence that dyadic interventions (working with people with dementia and their caregivers) are beneficial for both the person and their caregiver. Dyadic interventions typically involve information provision, education and skills training in order to work towards goals or overcome particular care challenges. A key limitation of dyadic interventions is that they have typically been delivered over a number of consultations in the person’s home. In the context of scarce resources in health care and a global pandemic there has been increasing interest in how to offer evidence‐based services using telehealth delivery.MethodIn this presentation we will share our experience and tips on telehealth delivery for people with dementia and their carers. We conducted a randomised controlled trial in which 63 dyads all received the same dyadic intervention. However, 32 dyads received visits in their own home and 31 dyads used telehealth methods to access the program. We collected information about whether or not the person had existing internet access or devices and we loaned a device (connected to the internet) if required. We established procedures for troubleshooting and for ensuring that people with dementia and their carers could use the technology easily, could communicate effectively and could adapt in‐person consultations to telehealth consultations.ResultCaregivers took primary responsibility for use of the device and scheduling appointments. The average age of caregivers was 69 in the telehealth group. None of the participants withdrew due to challenges in technology and few technological issues arose or impacted on the trial. Our experiences in using telehealth with this population will be discussed.ConclusionTelehealth for people with dementia and their caregiver poses challenges however these can be overcome. Dyadic interventions can be offered using telehealth delivery and are beneficial in improving access and reducing the costs associated with travel time.