bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-mechanical limits of a magnetically driven fast-ion loss detector in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Hidalgo-Salaverri J. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Ayllon-Guerola J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Sieglin B. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Silvagni D. , Viezzer E. , Rueda-Rueda J. , Lunt T. , Herrmann A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A real-time control system is being developed for a magnetically driven Fast-Ion Loss Detector (FILD) at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The insertion of the diagnostic head will be adjusted in real-time to react to changes in the graphite head temperature, plasma position and appearance of MHD instabilities. The graphite probe head of the detector is exposed to an intense heat flux (located ∼3–5 cm from separatrix). The control algorithm performance is constrained by: the graphite head sublimation temperature, the ultimate stress limit, the reaction time of the controller and the retraction time. In this work, the temperature and thermal induced stress distribution on the probe head are assessed to determine what temperature-related magnitude is the limiting factor. The heat flux at the probe head has been estimated using the time-averaged parallel heat flux measured at the divertor target via infrared thermography. A field line tracing algorithm determines which regions of the probe head receives a weighted heat flux due to shadowing (self-induced or from other structures) and the incidence angle of the field lines. A finite element model is used to simulate the temporal evolution of the graphite head temperature and to obtain the induced thermal stress. The temperature spatial distribution at the probe head is validated against measurements of the probe head for different FILD systems showing a good agreement. These measurements have been obtained from visible cameras with an infrared filter. The model concludes that the maximum stress (∼100 MPa) does not overcome the graphite mechanical limit (170 MPa) and that the probe head is not affected by fatigue. Therefore, the graphite sublimation temperature (2000 °C) is set as the limiting factor of the new control system.
Scintillation characteristics of a NaI(Tl) crystal at low-temperature with silicon photomultiplier
Authors: Lee H.Y. , Jeon J.A. , Kim K.W. , Kim W.K. , Lee H.S. , Lee M.H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The scintillation characteristics of a thallium-doped sodium
iodide (NaI(Tl)) crystal with dimensions of
0.6 cm× 0.6 cm× 2 cm were studied by
attaching a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) directly to the crystal
over a temperature range of 93–300 K. The scintillation light
output and decay time were measured by irradiating 59.54 keV
γ-rays with a 241Am source. We observed an
approximately 20% increase in the light yield at 230 K compared
with that at room temperature. Under these conditions, NaI(Tl)
crystals with SiPM readout can be suitable for future dark matter
search detectors.
Intensification of fire regimes and forest loss in the Território Indígena do Xingu
Authors: Silvério Divino V , Oliveira Robson Santana , Flores Bernardo Monteiro , Brando Paulo M , Almada Hellen Kezia , Furtado Marco Túlio , Moreira Fabio Garcia , Heckenberger Michael , Ono Katia Yukari , Macedo Marcia N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The contemporary fire regime of southern Amazonian forests has been dominated by interactions between droughts and sources of fire ignition associated with deforestation and slash-and-burn agriculture. Until recently, wildfires have been concentrated mostly on private properties, with protected areas functioning as large-scale firebreaks along the Amazon’s agricultural frontier. However, as the climate changes, protected forests have become increasingly flammable. Here, we have quantified forest degradation in the Território Indígena do Xingu (TIX), an iconic area of 2.8 million hectares where over 6000 people from 16 different ethnic Indigenous groups live across 100 villages. Our main hypothesis was that forest degradation, defined here as areas with lower canopy cover, inside the TIX is increasing due to pervasive sources of fire ignition, more frequent extreme drought events, and changing slash-and-burn agricultural practices. Between 2001 and 2020, nearly 189 000 hectares (∼7%) of the TIX became degraded by recurrent drought and fire events that were the main factors driving forest degradation, particularly in seasonally flooded forests. After three fire events, the probability of forest loss was higher in seasonally flooded areas (63%) compared to upland areas (41%). Given the same fire frequency, areas that have not suffered with extreme droughts showed a 24% lower probability of forest loss compared to areas that experienced three drought events. Distance from villages and human density also had a marked effect on forest cover loss, which was generally higher in areas close to the largest villages. In one of the most culturally diverse Indigenous lands of the Amazon, in a landscape highly threatened by deforestation, our findings demonstrate that climate change may have already exceeded the conditions to which the system has adapted.
New possibilities of using vegetable raw materials in the technology of fermented milk products: review
Authors: Khrundin D , Ponomarev V , Yunusov E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The analysis, systematization and updating of information in the field of production of fermented milk products was carried out. The range of modern fermented milk products and their characteristics is given. The main trends in the development of the market of fermented milk products related to changes in consumer demand, the emergence of new directions in nutrition, the achievements of science and technology in the food industry are considered. The prospects of using “traditional” vegetable raw materials in the production of new food products have been studied.Processing of this raw material by biotechnology methods will increase the efficiency of its use. This will increase the degree of processing of raw materials, reduce waste and harmful emissions. This will contribute to improving the environmental situation.
Effect of foliar nutrients application to the growth and yield of Physalis peruviana and Physalis alkekengi
Authors: Sholehah Diana Nurus , Ermavitalini Dini , Khasanah Miratul , Utami Edy Setiti Wida , Purnobasuki Hery 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Physalis Sp. is a potential medicinal plant and functional food. The use of appropriate nutrients can gain optimal plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to determine the macro and micronutrients that can provide optimal growth and yield of Physalis sp. This research was conducted at a greenhouse in Bangkalan Madura. A factorial randomized block design with four replications was used in this study. The first factor was the species of Physalis Sp., namely P. peruviana and P. alkekengi. The second factor is nutrition at four levels: a spray of water only as control; foliar application of macronutrients at a dose of 2 g/L; foliar application of micronutrients at a dose of 0,125 g/L; foliar Application of a combination of macronutrients 1 g/L and micronutrients 0,0625 g/L. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 5 % level. Nutrition significantly affected growth (plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves) and yield (number of fruit). The interaction between treatments occurred in the number of fruits. Micronutrients gave the highest number of fruit, both species of Physalis sp.
Farming Support Systems for Smallholders Rubber Production in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Yardha  , Izhar L , Salwati  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rubber is one of the important agricultural commodities in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. However, in developing rubber, especially smallholder plantations, there are still many obstacles existence. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is through the adoption of location-specific technological innovations. This paper described the efforts to introduce and disseminate local-specific rubber technology innovations in Jambi. Activities were carried out in several farmers’ plantations for several years (from 2010 to 2018). Numerous activities were applied in farmer fields such as assisting disease (JAP) control fertilization technology, training (SL-JAP) in replanting program, reducing dirty product contain (KKK)<55%, directing farmers to produce wind sheets and clean rubber products, increasing the role of farmer groups to partner with the private sector. The results showed that through mentoring and the introduction of site-specific technology: the average rubber productivity at the farmer level ranged from 1-1.2 tonnes/ha/year, in terms of the potential production can be reached up to 1.5-2 tonnes/ha/year, replanting, seeding, and improvement of seed quality, balanced fertilization recommendation, tapping shoot pattern and maintenance, and handling of harvest and post-harvest rubber products. The dissemination technologies that have been carried out by the Jambi AIAT as above will be described further in this paper.
The study of household willingness to pay for solid waste management at Bekasi and Tangerang cities
Authors: Ismail Y , Juwono R , Hadikusuma N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Organic waste is the dominant and the biggest waste from household. Actually, organic waste is degradable waste, but in city not enough place could used to dump the organic waste. The aim of this paper are to know the willingness to pay of household for solid waste facilities at Bekasi and Tangerang cities, to compare household retribution rate and willingness to pay among household in residential at Bekasi, and Tangerang cities, and to analyse the effort to improve the solid waste management at Bekasi and Tangerang cities. The quantitative method used in this research, and collect data by run the survey used questionnaire. Sampling method used purposively with criteria which are housewife live at residential in Bekasi or Tangerang city and manage their household solid waste by themselves. Data analysis method used descriptive and statistical t test. The average of household willingness to pay for solid waste facilities in Bekasi is Rp 33,814,- and at Tangerang is Rp 34,117,. From t test find that there are significance difference between retribution rate and willingness to pay of household at that two cities. Comparing the household willingness to pay among the household in Bekasi, and Tangerang cities not in amount of money paid, but more about the facilities that household got. The more good facilities offer, more willingness to pay from the household.
Effect of Biofertilizer Formulation with Addition of Consortium of Microbes and Biosurfactant DEA Palm Olein to Growth of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Seedling
Authors: Nurmayulis  , Eris F R , Maida H , Hastuti D , Denny Y R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study was to examine the response of biofertilizer formulation with the addition of consortium of microbes and biosurfactant DEA palm olein to the growth of cacao seedling. This research used randomized block design in factorial with two factors. The first factor was a biofertilizer formulation with addition of consortium of microbes consisting of seven levels: control; 2.5x107; 5x107; 7.5x107; 10x107; 12.5x107; and 15x107 CFU/mL. The second factor was the addition of biosurfactant DEA palm olein consisting of two levels, which are with and without the biosurfactant DEA palm olein. The result showed that the biofertilizer formulation with the addition of consortium of microbes was significantly affected the cacao height on 4 WAT (week after treatment), the leaf number on 6 and 12 WAT, and also in its root fresh weight parameters. The best level of the first factor was 5x107 CFU/mL. The respond of cacao height on 12 WAT and cacao root dry weight was significant to the addition of biosurfactant DEA palm olein. The best level of the second factor was with the addition of biosurfactant DEA palm olein.
Genetic variability and Heritability of Agronomic Traits of Selected Green Super Rice (GSR) Lines in Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Untung , Gumelar Asep Ikhsan , Ali Jauhar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
GSR have been designed to have high and stable yields either under optimum or less chemical and water input conditions which is much required to meet the challenge of maintaining food security in Indonesia. This research aimed to test heritability and genetic variability of agronomic traits of GSR lines selected in Indonesia. Eighteen promising GSR lines identified from the second and third batch of IRRI bred GSR lines were tested along with Ciherang and Inpari 13 as check. The trial was conducted under irrigated conditions during WS2013 at ICRR Experimental Station in Sukamandi by transplanting at 21 days old seedlings with 20 x 20 cm spacing in a 6 m2 plot size laid out in a randomized complete block design of 3 replications. Heritability analysis showed that all traits had high heritability unless seed set and yield. All Traits had wide genetic variability unless yield. The tested lines had comparable yield with both checks. Among the lines, HHZ5-DT1-DT1 had been released for rainfed lowland named Inpari 46 GSR TDH.
Allelopathic effect of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) leaf litter on the seedling emergence and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Putri Widia Eka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L) is a pantropical weed from Central America that has invaded more than 40 countries in the world. The invasiveness and competitive advantage of this weed are attributed to its ability to produce large number of seeds, tolerance to environmental stresses, climate change adaptability, and allelopathic properties. Phenolics and sesquiterpene lactones are two major classes of allelopathic compound produced by parthenium weed and these chemicals are known to have significant negative effect on germination, seedling emergence and growth of various plants species. The allelopathic properties of parthenium weed had been investigated in various past studies, however, most of the studies conducted the experiment under laboratory conditions with the allelopathic effect being tested by applying the aqueous extract of the weed directly on the test plants. This study aimed to examine the allelopathic effect of the leaf litter of parthenium weed under more natural conditions. Fresh leaves were oven dried and crushed to crude powder, hereafter referred to as leaf litter. The leaf litter were incorporated into the upper layer of the media of Greenfingers compost bark in pots. In to this were sown the seeds of the test plans then set to germinate. Another treatment without leaf litter was set up as a series of control. The treatments were arranged in simple randomized design in the glasshouse. After one week, any seedling produced were counted and thinned to five seedlings per pot. The plants produced from these seedlings were harvested after further 40 days of growth and the growth parameter including root length, shoot length, and dry weight were measured. The measurable growth reduction increased as the amount of parthenium weed leaf litter increased but variability between results existed. The uncontrollable factors and seasonal conditions may cause this variability, in addition to the seed quality. The chemicals contained within the parthenium weed leaf litter has been shown to affect crop growth presumably through allelopathic activity under natural field conditions.
Food waste management regulation in Indonesia to achieve sustainable development goals
Authors: Cahyani F A , Wulandari P , Putri N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article discussed various regulation of food waste management in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find out the regulations governing food waste management in Indonesia. By using a normative research method that makes laws and regulations the main study material in this article. Population growth and changes in consumption patterns result in an increase of the volume, type, and characteristics of waste in Indonesia. Food waste was the biggest contributor to the waste production in Indonesia. Food waste occupied the first position in the composition of waste in Indonesia amount 40.3%. Article 28 H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia had mentioned that a good and healthy environment was the right of every citizen. The right to a good and healthy environment was aligned with other human rights so that their position was equal. By implementing food waste management from production to after consumption through the right strategy, it will be able to reduce the environmental impact of food waste and contribute to sustainable development goals. The results found by the authors that there were no specific rules governing food waste management in Indonesia. There were regulations governing both organic and non-organic waste in the laws that owned by Indonesia, but none had specifically discussed about food waste.
Production technology of livestock and poultry products using environmentally safe feed additives
Authors: Volostnova A N , Yakimov A V , Yakimov O A , Sh Salyakhov A , Frolov G S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly products, the use of natural growth stimulants in animal husbandry has become especially relevant. Studies were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods of zootechnical accounting, the average daily milk productivity of cows, safety, average daily and absolute growth of turkeys were determined. To assess the quality of milk, we used physicochemical and microbiological methods of investigation. The meat productivity of turkeys was evaluated by pre-slaughter weight, gutted carcass weight and slaughter yield. The use of activated zeolite in milk production technology made it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows and improve the quality characteristics of milk. The use of bentonite, poly enzyme preparation “Universal” and enzyme-mineral complex in poultry meat production contributed to an increase in the safety of turkeys, their growth rate and meat productivity.
Study of salicylic acid concentration in suppressing the development of Ganoderma spp. causes of stem rot disease in vitro and its effect on oil palm seedling growth
Authors: Saputra R , Hamzah A , Puspita F , Irfandri  , Nasrul B , Naibaho T E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Ganoderma spp. is the main pathogen that is commonly found in oil palm plantations, which is known to cause stem rot and top stem rot disease. Many control techniques have been carried out, but there are still few that use salicylic acid suppression techniques on oil palm seedlings to inhibit the development of Ganoderma spp. This study aimed to examine the inhibitory ability of Ganoderma spp. using salicylic acid in vitro. This research was conducted descriptively with several concentrations of salicylic acid, namely 50 ppm (A1), 100 ppm (A2), 150 ppm (A3) and 200 ppm (A4) against Ganoderma sp. isolates LPTUNRI-Gan001 and LPTUNRI-Ga003. The aplication of 50 and 100 ppm salicylic acid was able to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan001 by 100% and Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan003 by 100% after application of 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The application of 100-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the height and number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. The application of 50-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the total chlorophyll content.
Analysis of the diversity of local ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province based on morphological characteristics
Authors: Prasetyo F D , Muztahidin N I , Fatmawaty A A , Laila A , Nurfadilah M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ginger plant is a medicinal plant widely cultivated by farmers, especially in Pandeglang regency. This research was aimed to find out the relationship of local ginger based on morphological characteristics as well as to dig up information about e×isting varieties so that it can be a reference for plant breeding of local ginger in Pandeglang regency. The research was conducted in a way of e×ploration from October to November 2021 in Bojong, Menes, Cisata and Majasari sub-districts as the location of accession. 3 samples were taken from each accession so that the total of sample was 12 observation samples. The relationship of kinship was observed with the SPSS program of cluster analysis. The results showed that in Pandeglang were e×plored 2 types of ginger planted, namely red ginger and small white ginger (emprit), scattered in all accessions. Based on the morphological characteristics, the two types of ginger had similarities on the shape of stem, the color of stem, the shape of leaf, the tip of leaf, the base of leaf, and the shape of root. It was found that the closest kinship relationship was in the sample A1 with A2 with a coefficient value of 3.733 and the furthest kinship was found in the sample A1 with C3 with a coefficient value of 24.499. Thus it can be known that there is a close kinship relationship between ginger plants in Pandeglang Regency.
The Response of AB Mix Utilization on Growth and Yield of Several Melon Varieties (Cucumis melo L.) in Hydroponic Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Sugiartini E , Rusmana  , Hilal S , Feronica C I A , Wahyuni S E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of popular fruit commodities in Indonesia, because of its sweet and fresh taste, and very high of nutritional content. Appropriate dose of Ab Mix on growth and yield is essential in melon cultivation with a hydroponic system. The study was conducted to determine the best AB Mix dose levels for growth and yield of three melon varieties. A Split Plot Design was used which arranged using a randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor as the main plot was 2 levels of AB Mix doses (N), and the second factor as the subplot was 3 varieties (V) of melon. The results showed that the effect of AB Mix doses on the growth and yield of three melon varieties were not significantly different between the two treatments (1600 ppm and 1800 ppm). The Golden Aroma variety gave different response at the age of two weeks after planting in term of plant height. Whereas the AB Mix dose level influenced the number of leaves only at the age of two weeks after planting. In conclusion, 1600 ppm of AB Mix dose was sufficiently meet the nutrition level required by the melon in hydroponic drip irrigation system.
Utilization of Ulva spp. in Biscuit Formulation: Feasibility Studies at the Household Scale
Authors: Kusumawati R , Sinurat E , Sihono  , Fransiska D , Subaryono  , Nurhayati  , Purnomo A H , Utomo B S B , Basmal J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Green seaweed Ulva spp. contains dietary fiber and bioactive compounds and can be used as raw material for biscuit products. People from toddlers widely consume biscuits to the elderly. The technique of making biscuits is easy and does not require significant capital. The addition of 1% Ulva flour in biscuit formulations reported could control blood sugar levels. This study aimed to calculate the feasibility of Ulva biscuits production on a household scale with variations in 1 and 2 kg production capacity in 3 replications. The results showed that the yields were 74.94 to 77.02% and were not significantly different. The nutritional contents were also not significantly different, i.e., 2.89 to 3.53% of water content, 2.84 to 3.14% of protein content, 42.61 to 45.03% of fat content, 46.80 to 49.59% of total carbohydrates, and 41.71 to 45.57% of reducing sugar. Based on the calculation of business feasibility with a financial approach, the break-even point (BEP) value will be achieved if a minimum production of 2 batch processes per day is carried out with a production capacity of 15 kg of flour per batch and a working period of 25 days per month. The net present value (NPV) will be reached 85.9 million rupiahs, and the payback period (PP) will be achieved in 14 months.