bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Arterial Spin Labeling-Guided Sub-Volume Segmentation of Radiotherapy in Adult Non-Enhancing Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Zhu Zihong , Gong Guanzhong , Wang Lizhen , Su Ya , Lu Jie , Yin Yong 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sub-volume segmentation for radiotherapy planning of adult non-enhancing low-grade gliomas (NE-LGGs) guided by three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL). The differences in high- and low-perfusion areas of NE-LGGs were analyzed using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics.MethodsFifteen adult patients with NE-LGGs were included in the study. MR images, including T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2 Propeller, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2 Flair), 3D-ASL, and contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI), were obtained. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated according to the hyperintensity on T2 Flair. The GTV was divided into high- and low-perfusion areas, namely GTV-ASL and GTV-SUB, respectively, based on the differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) value. The volumes and CBF values of high- and low-perfusion areas were measured and compared. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the optimal features of all MR maps. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the absolute CBFmean (aCBFmean), relative CBFmean (rCBFmean, normalized by the CBF value of the normal gray matter), and screened features in differentiating high- and low-perfusion areas.ResultsAmong the enrolled patients, three (20%) patients with NE-LGGs showed focal intra- and post-radiotherapy contrast enhancement within a prior high-perfusion area of 3D-ASL. The volume ratio of the GTV-ASL to the GTV was (37.08% ± 17.88)% (46.26 ± 44.51 vs. 167.46 ± 209.64 cm3, P = 0.000). The CBFmean in the high-perfusion area was approximately two times of that in the edema area or normal gray matter (66.98 ± 18.03 vs. 35.19 ± 7.75 or 33.92 ± 8.48 ml/100g/min, P = 0.000). Thirteen features were screened, seven of which were extracted from 3D-ASL. The area undercurve (AUC) values of aCBFmean, rCBFmean, and firstorder_10Percentile from 3D-ASL were more than 0.9, of which firstorder_10Percentile was the highest. Their cut-off values were 44.16 ml/100 g/min, 1.49 and 31, respectively.ConclusionThe difference in blood perfusion in the GTV can be quantified and analyzed based on 3D-ASL images for NE-LGGs, which could guide the sub-volume segmentation of the GTV. 3D-ASL should become a routine method for NE-LGGs during simulation and radiotherapy.
Acute Pancreatitis in Jordanian Children: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Al Droubi Belal , Altamimi Eyad 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThere is still much to understand and discover regarding pediatric pancreatitis. The etiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis of pancreatitis differs considerably between young children and adults. The incidence of pancreatitis has been increasing; it is no longer as rare in children as previously thought and could cause significant morbidity and mortality when severe.MethodsIn this retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Jordan, we present a cohort of children with 64 episodes of acute pancreatitis.ResultsWhile abdominal pain was the most common presenting complaint in our cohort (97%), the classical features of radiation to the back and relief by the forward-lean position were observed in only one-third of our patients. Compared to serum amylase, serum lipase had a higher sensitivity for detecting pancreatitis (98 vs. 67%). Abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive, widely available imaging modality; when performed, it revealed an enlarged pancreas in almost 60% of the patients. However, abdominal ultrasonography is often limited by the presence of excessive bowel gas. Anatomical abnormalities were the most common etiologies of pancreatitis (29%), followed by idiopathic pancreatitis (21%), and biliary causes (21%).ConclusionIn our cohort, serum lipase was a better diagnostic tool compared to serum amylase. Congenital biliary-pancreatic abnormalities were the most common causes of acute pancreatitis in our cohort. Almost half of these patients developed recurrent acute pancreatitis. The prevalence of pancreatic pseudocysts was 16.7%, and nearly half of them required an intervention.
Risk of Fracture With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, or Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis Combining 177 Randomized Controlled Trials With a Median Follow-Up of 26 weeks
Authors: Chai Sanbao , Liu Fengqi , Yang Zhirong , Yu Shuqing , Liu Zuoxiang , Yang Qingqing , Sun Feng 
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study aims to investigate the association between the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and the risk of fracture among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinical-Trials.gov databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Network meta-analysis was performed for total fracture and a series of secondary outcomes.Results: A total of 177 RCTs (n = 165,081) involving the risk of fracture were identified (a median follow-up of 26 weeks). DPP-4i, GLP-1 RAs, and SGLT-2i did not increase total fracture risk compared with insulin (odds ratio: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.39–1.90; 1.05, 0.54–2.04; 0.88, and 0.39–1.97, respectively), metformin (1.41, 0.48–4.19; 1.72, 0.55–5.38; 1.44, 0.48–4.30), sulfonylureas (0.77, 0.50–1.20; 0.94, 0.55–1.62; 0.79, 0.48–1.31), thiazolidinediones (0.82, 0.27–2.44; 1.00, 0.32–3.10; 0.83, 0.27–2.57), α-glucosidase inhibitor (4.92, 0.23–103.83; 5.99, 0.28–130.37; 5.01, 0.23–107.48), and placebo (1.04, 0.84–1.29; 1.27, 0.88–1.83; 1.06, 0.81–1.39).Conclusions: The use of DPP-4i, GLP-1 RAs, or SGLT-2i is unlikely to increase the risk of fracture among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Red Blood Cells From Humans and Animal Species Providing Insights into Molecular Cell Biology
Authors: Benga Gheorghe , Cox Guy 
Published: July 2022

We reviewed the many discoveries in cell biology, made since the 17th century, which have been based on red blood cells (RBCs). The advances in molecular and structural biology in the past 40 years have enabled the discovery with these cells, most notably, of the first water channel protein (WCP) called today aquaporin1 (AQP1). The main aim of our work reviewed was to examine by light and electron microscopy a very wide range of RBCs from reptiles, birds, monotremes, marsupials and placentals, in order to estimate from these images the RBC cell volume and surface area. The diffusional water permeability of the RBC membrane from these species has further been measured with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technique. The significance of the observed permeability of RBCs to water and possible influences on the whole body are discussed.
Role of Resistance to Innovation, Lack of Intercultural Communication, and Student Interest on the Student Demotivation Results Towards the English Education System
Authors: Wang Jin , Pan Lei 
Published: July 2022

Recently, second-language learning success depends upon the students' interest and motivation by adopting innovations that require regulators' and new researchers' emphasis. Hence, this article explores the role of resistance to innovation, lack of intercultural communication, and students' interest on the students' demotivation. The article also examines the mediating role of students' demotivation among resistance to innovation, lack of intercultural communication, lack of students' interest, and failure of the English education system in China. This study has gathered the data using survey questionnaires and analyzed the collected data using smart-PLS. The results exposed that the resistance to innovation, lack of intercultural communication, and students' interest have a significant and positive linkage with students' demotivation. The findings also indicated that students' demotivation significantly mediates among resistance to innovation, lack of intercultural communication, lack of students' interest, and failure of the English education system in China. This study guides the policymakers to develop the policies related to improving the English education system in China using innovation that enhances students' interest and motivation.JEL ClassificationsO31, O32, H75.
Risk Factors of Relapse After Smoking Cessation: Results in China Family Panel Studies From 2010 to 2018
Authors: Hu Naifan , Yu Zhenfan , Du Yurun , Li Jiangping 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundTobacco use is still highly prevalent globally in spite of the tobacco control efforts made by the governments. In view of the harm of smoking and relapse after smoking cessation, the purpose of this study is to establish a competitive risk model to determine potential risk factors for smoking relapse.MethodsThe population-based cohort of ex-smokers over the age of 18 years was obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database from 2010 to 2018. Competing risk models were conducted to identify the risk factors for relapse.ResultsA total of 1,019 subjects were included in this study, of which 311 (30.52%) subjects relapsed during the follow-up period. A multivariate analysis indicated that age &lt; 40 years [hazard ratio (HR) 19.142; 95% CI: 10.641–34.434, p &lt; 0.01], cohabitation (HR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.081–1.87, p = 0.01), and often depression [HR 1.422; 95% CI, (1.081–1.87), p = 0.01] were associated with a great risk of relapse while the age of quitting smoking &lt; 60 years (HR: 0. 436; 95% CI: 0.229–0.831, p &lt; 0.01) and joining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (HR 0.611; 95% CI: 0.397–0.939, p = 0.03) were reduced risk factors for relapse.ConclusionsApproximately 3 in 10 ex-smokers were observed to relapse. There are various risk factors for relapse as well. In the face of such a serious situation, it is urgent to take action to control smoking.
The Surface Area to Volume Ratio Changes the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Parameters in the Subcutaneous Tissue Cage Model: As Illustrated by Carprofen in Sheep
Authors: Munn Richard , Whittem Ted , Woodward Andrew P. 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models can be powerful tools for predicting outcomes. Many models are based on repetitive sampling of the vascular space, due to the simplicity of obtaining samples. As many drugs do not exert their effect in the vasculature, models have been developed to sample tissues outside the bloodstream. Tissue cages are hollow devices implanted subcutaneously, or elsewhere, that are filled with fluid allowing repetitive sampling to occur. The physical dimensions of the cage, namely, the diffusible surface area to volume ratio, would be expected to change the rate of drug movement into and out of tissue cages.MethodsSeven sheep were implanted with five pairs of tissue cages, subcutaneously. Each pair of cages had a different length but a fixed diffusible surface area, so the surface area to volume ratio differed. Carrageenan was injected into half of the cages in each animal during one sampling period in a cross-over design. Samples from each cage and the bloodstream were obtained at 14-time points during two sampling periods. The concentration of carprofen was measured using LC–MS/MS and the results were modeled using nonlinear mixed-effects techniques. Prostaglandin metabolites were also measured and the change over time was analyzed using linear mixed effect modeling.ResultsThe presence of carrageenan within an animal changed the systemic pharmacokinetics of carprofen. The rate of drug movement into and out of the tissue cages varied with the surface area to volume ratio. The concentration time curve for prostaglandin metabolites changed with cage size.ConclusionThe surface area volume ratio of tissue cages will influence the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters and may affect calculated pharmacodynamics, thus, it is an important factor to consider when using tissue cage data for dosing regimes.
The Effect Of Sleep Hygiene Activity Therapy On Sleep Quality In The Elderly
Authors: Sonhaji Sonhaji , Adinatha Ni Nyoman Maryaningtyas , Setiani Wiji 
Published: July 2022

Hypertension is a health problem experienced by some people through the aging process, this results in an increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular morbidity, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the application of education on rest and sleep patterns on reducing blood pressure in the elderly. This research was Quantitative method with pre-experimental design. The sampling technique used probability sampling with simple random sampling method, the number of samples that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 39 elderly people in Mondoteko Village, Rembang City, the analysis used a paired t-test. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure before being given the application of educational therapy for rest and sleep patterns (intervention) was 169.49 mmHg with a standard deviation of 12.34 and after being given the intervention was 94.36 mmHg with a standard deviation of 5.52. The p-value of systolic blood pressure was 0.001. Diastolic blood pressure before the intervention was 129.23 mmHg with a standard deviation of 7.39. The diastolic value after the intervention was 76.41 mmHg with a standard deviation of 6.277. The p-value of diastolic blood pressure is 0.001. There is an effectiveness of the application of educational therapy on rest and sleep patterns to decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the elderly in Mondoteko Village, Rembang. Keywords: educational therapy; rest and sleep; blood pressure; elderly ABSTRACT Lansia merupakan kondisi dimana seseorang akan mengalami kemunduran secara alamiah yaitu tubuh yang akan mengalami penuaan dan ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan bentuk fisik serta fungsi tubuh yang mulai menurun. Perubahan pola tidur akibat proses penuaan lansia mempengaruhi kualitas tidur lansia antara lain kesulitan memulai tidur, kesulitan mempertahankan tidur, dan bangun terlalu pagi. Sleep hygiene penting dalam intervensi munculnya kasus insomnia yang terjadi pada orang lanjut usia dengan angka prevalensi diperkirakan sebesar 13- 47% dengan proporsi sekitar 50-70% terjadi diusia diatas 65 tahun. Tujuan mengatahui tingkat pengaruh terapi sleep hygiene terhadap kualitas tidur lansia. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen pre-post test one group design. Teknik sampling adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel ≥ 16 responden. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan uji analisa uji paired T Test. Hasil menunjukkan sebelum dilakukan terapi sleep hygine nilai mean gangguan tidur berat adalah 15,69 pada 93,8% responden dan setelah dilakukan terapi sleep hygine nilai mean adalah 10,00 (gangguan tidur ringan) pada 87,5% responden. Nilai p value 0,000 yang artinya ada pengaruh terapi aktivitas sleep hygiene terhadap kualitas tidur lansia. Kata Kunci : lansia; sleep hygiene; kualitas tidur
Digitalization of procedural actions: the way to accelerate and reduce the cost of criminal proceedings
Authors: Harutyunyan Harutyunyan , Golovkin Oleg 
Published: July 2022

The article raises an urgent issue concerning the lack of regulation of the use of digital technologies in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases. The authors put the problems of introducing digital technologies into criminal proceedings in the context of the need to guarantee the compliance with reasonable terms of criminal proceedings, to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of their participants and optimize public spending in general.
The authors developed specific ways to solve the identified problems that negatively affect the material and procedural sides of the work done by investigator, interrogating officer and other participants in criminal proceedings. The authors propose to consolidate in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation the possibility to send digital copies of procedural decisions and other documents to participants in criminal proceedings, to hand over copies of an indictment (acts, resolutions) with applications in digital form, the right of the parties to access the criminal case materials in the digital form. That new provisions would allow to sign a digital procedural document with a certified electronic signature that guarantees its authenticity and excludes the possibility of unauthorized changes.
These proposals are supported by the results of the analysis of data on the application of the legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign states in the researched sphere.
Government policy and Lecturers Knowledge on Genetically Modified foods at University of Nairobi College of Humanities and Social Sciences and College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences
Authors: Kamunya Dorcas Wangechi , Mbatia O.L.E 
Published: July 2022

Application of genetic engineering in agricultural production remains a controversial agenda in the international and national levels. The information will contribute to the national debate and decision-making processes regarding use of GM foods in Kenya. A total of 220 lecturers were randomly interviewed to a cross-sectional survey that was conducted by use of a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The study was conducted at the University of Nairobi’s College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (CAVS) and College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS). Majority (59.5%) of the lecturers at CAVS and CHSS had poor knowledge on genetic modification and genetically modified foods. The main concerns of GM foods are food safety, human and environmental health. Recommendations are: lecturers need to be more proactive in acquiring more knowledge on genetic engineering; the government should create awareness on the biosafety legal framework; extensive research on GMOs should be done to address concerns of food safety, human and environment health.
Learning outcomes and constructive alignment in the Mega-Universities Syllabi: which “promises” to students?
Authors: Serbati Anna , Picasso Federica , Doria Beatrice , Grion Valentina 
Published: July 2022

The Syllabus, namely the document which contains the program of each university course, represents the first instrument for teachers to interact with students. It should be designed with a correct and effective way of communication, aimed at sharing its formative value, and stimulating the student's initial involvement in the learning process. In this framework, the interest of the empirical research presented here is to investigate how this instrument is designed by university teachers, paying particular attention to the drafting of learning outcomes and internal coherence between its parts. A stratified and randomised sample of 343 syllabi selected among those of the Italian state "Mega Universities" was analysed. The results of the analysis revealed some interesting elements both regarding the role played by the Syllabus in the educational design and in relation to academics’ teaching practices.

Risultati d’apprendimento e allineamento costruttivo nei Syllabi dei Mega-Atenei: quali “promesse” per studentesse e studenti?
Il Syllabus, ossia la scheda di presentazione di ciascun insegnamento all’Università, rappresenta il primo strumento attraverso cui il docente entra in contatto con lo studente. Esso dovrebbe contraddistinguersi per una forma comunicativa corretta ed efficace, diretta a manifestare il suo carattere progettuale-formativo-didattico, e stimolare il primo coinvolgimento dello studente nel processo di apprendimento. In questo quadro, l’interesse del lavoro di ricerca empirica qui presentato è stato quello di indagare in che modo tale strumento venga progettato e redatto dai docenti universitari, ponendo particolare attenzione alla stesura dei risultati d’apprendimento e alla coerenza interna fra le sue parti. Si è preso in analisi un campione stratificato e randomizzato di 343 Syllabi selezionati fra quelli dei “Mega Atenei” statali italiani. I risultati dell’analisi hanno permesso di rilevare alcuni elementi d’interesse sia riguardo al ruolo che il Syllabus riveste nella progettazione, sia in relazione alle pratiche didattiche dei docenti.
Formative Assessment. From pandemic practices to sustainable perspective through active learning approaches
Authors: Cigognini Maria Elisabetta , Di Stasio Margherita 
Published: July 2022

The contribution examines the assessment aspects and the approaches of formative assessment in an active teaching perspective in support of the learning outcomes in the context of the Pandemic school. For this purpose, we will discuss the data from a survey conducted in 2020 by the Indire Observatory which involved over 3,700 Italian teachers of all school levels. Statistical findings show that forced distance teaching has highlighted school limit and potential. Emerges a need for active teaching and the support of formative evaluation in order to develop metacognition and critical thinking in learning processes.

La valutazione formativa. Dalle pratiche in pandemia verso approcci sostenibili di didattica laboratoriale.
Il contributo approfondisce gli aspetti valutativi e gli approcci della valutazione formativa in una prospettiva di didattica attiva a sostegno dei risultati degli apprendimenti nel contesto della scuola della Pandemia. In proposito, si discutono i dati di un’indagine condotta nel 2020 dall’Osservatorio di Indire che ha coinvolto oltre 3.700 docenti italiani di tutti gli ordini di scuola. Dai riscontri statistici si rileva come la didattica forzatamente a distanza abbia messo in luce limite e potenzialità della scuola forzatamente a distanza. Emergono la necessità di una didattica attiva e del sostegno di una valutazione formativa per lo sviluppo della metacognizione e del senso critico nei processi di apprendimento.
Walking and Staying in the Landscape
Authors: Palazzo Danilo , Morabito Valerio 
Published: July 2022

This issue of Ri-Vista was developed as an exploration of a dichotomy and its meanings in the current landscape design scholarship and production. Walking and staying are two subjects often considered separately, while rarely studied in association. The goal of this issue is, in fact, to answer some questions: how landscape architects, planners, and educators are looking at walking and staying in the landscape? What is the state of the art of these disciplines with regard to these two actions? What are the examples, theories, and concepts that take into consideration these ordinary human activities? Along these lines the issue - articulated in four main parts: Concepts, Ways, Reading, and Design, and two Reflections, offered by John Dixon Hunt and Frederick Steiner — aims to establish tracks and points of view on how landscape design and designers have found forms and ways to enhance the value of landscapes, crossing or stopping in them.