bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A universal methodology for reliable predicting the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Rezaei Tahereh , Nazarpour Vesal , Shahini Nahal , Bahmani Soufia , Shahkar Amir , Abdihaji Mohammadreza , Ahmadi Sina , Shahdost Farzad Tat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the drug solubility behavior is likely the first essential requirement for designing the supercritical technology for pharmaceutical processing. Therefore, this study utilizes different machine learning scenarios to simulate the solubility of twelve non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). The considered NSAIDs are Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Loxoprofen, Nabumetone, Naproxen, Nimesulide, Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam, Salicylamide, and Tolmetin. Physical characteristics of the drugs (molecular weight and melting temperature), operating conditions (pressure and temperature), and solvent property (SCCO2 density) are effectively used to estimate the drug solubility. Monitoring and comparing the prediction accuracy of twelve intelligent paradigms from three categories (artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and hybrid neuro-fuzzy) approves that adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference is the best tool for the considered task. The hybrid optimization strategy adjusts the cluster radius of the subtractive clustering membership function to 0.6111. This model estimates 254 laboratory-measured solubility data with the AAPRE = 3.13%, MSE = 2.58 × 10–9, and R2 = 0.99919. The leverage technique confirms that outliers may poison less than four percent of the experimental data. In addition, the proposed hybrid paradigm is more reliable than the equations of state and available correlations in the literature. Experimental measurements, model predictions, and relevancy analyses justified that the drug solubility in SCCO2 increases by increasing temperature and pressure. The results show that Ibuprofen and Naproxen are the most soluble and insoluble drugs in SCCO2, respectively.
COVID-19 lockdowns reveal the resilience of Adriatic Sea fisheries to forced fishing effort reduction
Authors: Coro Gianpaolo , Tassetti Anna Nora , Armelloni Enrico Nicola , Pulcinella Jacopo , Ferrà Carmen , Sprovieri Mario , Trincardi Fabio , Scarcella Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic provides a major opportunity to study fishing effort dynamics and to assess the response of the industry to standard and remedial actions. Knowing a fishing fleet’s capacity to compensate for effort reduction (i.e., its resilience) allows differentiating governmental regulations by fleet, i.e., imposing stronger restrictions on the more resilient and weaker restrictions on the less resilient. In the present research, the response of the main fishing fleets of the Adriatic Sea to fishing hour reduction from 2015 to 2020 was measured. Fleet activity per gear type was inferred from monthly Automatic Identification System data. Pattern recognition techniques were applied to study the fishing effort trends and barycentres by gear. The beneficial effects of the lockdowns on Adriatic endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species were also estimated. Finally, fleet effort series were examined through a stock assessment model to demonstrate that every Adriatic fishing fleet generally behaves like a stock subject to significant stress, which was particularly highlighted by the pandemic. Our findings lend support to the notion that the Adriatic fleets can be compared to predators with medium-high resilience and a generally strong impact on ETP species.
Little genomic support for Cyclophilin A-matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway as a therapeutic target for cognitive impairment in APOE4 carriers
Authors: Anderson Emma L. , Williams Dylan M. , Walker Venexia M. , Davies Neil M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTherapeutic targets for halting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease pathology are lacking. Recent evidence suggests that APOE4, but not APOE3, activates the Cyclophilin-A matrix metalloproteinase-9 (CypA-MMP9) pathway, leading to an accelerated breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and thereby causing neuronal and synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, blockade of the CypA-MMP9 pathway in APOE4 knock-in mice restores BBB integrity and subsequently normalizes neuronal and synaptic function. Thus, CypA has been suggested as a potential target for treating APOE4 mediated neurovascular injury and the resulting neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The odds of drug targets passing through clinical trials are greatly increased if they are supported by genomic evidence. We found little evidence to suggest that CypA or MMP9 affects the risk of Alzheimer’s disease or cognitive impairment using two-sample Mendelian randomization and polygenic risk score analysis in humans. This casts doubt on whether they are likely to represent effective drug targets for cognitive impairment in human APOE4 carriers.
The Impacts of Noise Exposure on the Middle Ear Muscle Reflex in a Veteran Population
Authors: Bramhall Naomi F. , Reavis Kelly M. , Feeney M. Patrick , Kampel Sean D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
Human studies of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy using physiological indicators identified in animal models (auditory brainstem response [ABR] Wave I amplitude, envelope following response [EFR], and middle ear muscle reflex [MEMR]) have yielded mixed findings. Differences in the population studied may have contributed to the differing results. For example, due to differences in the intensity level of the noise exposure, noise-induced synaptopathy may be easier to detect in a military Veteran population than in populations with recreational noise exposure. We previously demonstrated a reduction in ABR Wave I amplitude and EFR magnitude for young Veterans with normal audiograms reporting high levels of noise exposure compared to non-Veteran controls. In this article, we expand on the previous analysis in the same population to determine if MEMR magnitude is similarly reduced.

Method:
Contralateral MEMR growth functions were obtained in 92 young Veterans and non-Veterans with normal audiograms, and the relationship between noise exposure history and MEMR magnitude was assessed. Associations between MEMR magnitude and distortion product otoacoustic emission, EFR, and ABR measurements collected in the same sample were also evaluated.

Results:
The results of the statistical analysis, although not conventionally statistically significant, suggest a reduction in mean MEMR magnitude for Veterans reporting high noise exposure compared with non-Veteran controls. In addition, the MEMR appears relatively insensitive to subclinical outer hair cell dysfunction, as measured by distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and is not well correlated with ABR and EFR measurements.

Conclusions:
When combined with our previous ABR and EFR findings in the same population, these results suggest that noise-induced synaptopathy occurs in humans. In addition, the findings indicate that the MEMR may be a good candidate for noninvasive diagnosis of cochlear synaptopathy/deafferentation and that the MEMR may reflect the integrity of different neural populations than the ABR and EFR.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18665645
Comparison of Respiratory Calibration Methods for the Estimation of Lung Volume in Children With and Without Neuromotor Disorders
Authors: Darling-White Meghan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this study was to validate common respiratory calibration methods for estimating lung volume in children.

Method:
Respiratory kinematic data were collected via inductive plethysmography from 81 typically developing children and nine children with neuromotor disorders. Correction factors for the rib cage and abdomen were calculated using three different methods: (a) least squares method with both rib cage and abdomen corrections (LsqRC/AB), (b) least squares method with rib cage correction only (LsqRC), and (c) a standard 2:1 rib-cage-to-abdomen ratio (Banzett). Correction factors for the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods were calculated with and without the use of the speech-like breathing calibration task. Lung volume estimation errors were calculated by comparing the estimated lung volumes based on the correction factors and the actual lung volumes acquired from a spirometer, normalized to each participant's vital capacity.

Results:
For typically developing children, the LsqRC/AB method resulted in significantly smaller lung volume estimation errors compared with other methods. Lung volume estimation errors decreased as age increased for each method. For the children with neuromotor disorders, the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods resulted in significantly smaller lung volume estimation errors than the Banzett method but were not significantly different from one another. There were no significant differences in lung volume estimation errors for the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods when the correction factors were calculated with and without the speech-like breathing calibration task.

Conclusion:
The LsqRC/AB method exclusively utilizing the rest breathing calibration task is the most accurate and efficient respiratory calibration method for use with children with and without neuromotor disorders at this time.
Chemical exploration of Galactic cold cores
Authors: Zhou Chenlin , Vastel Charlotte , Montillaud Julien , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Demyk Karine , Harju Jorma , Juvela Mika , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Liu Tie 
Published: January 2022

Context. A solar-type system starts from an initial molecular core that acquires organic complexity as it evolves. The so-called prestellar cores that can be studied are rare, which has hampered our understanding of how organic chemistry sets in and grows.
Aims. We selected the best prestellar core targets from the cold core catalogue (based on Planck and Herschel observations) that represent a diversity in terms of their environment to explore their chemical complexity: 1390 (in the compressed shell of Lambda Ori), 869 (in the MBM12 cloud), and 4149 (in the California nebula).
Methods. We obtained a spectral survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope in order to explore the molecular complexity of the cores. We carried out a radiative transfer analysis of the detected transitions in order to place some constraints on the physical conditions of the cores and on the molecular column densities. We also used the molecular ions in the survey to estimate the cosmic-ray ionisation rate and the S/H initial elemental abundance using a gas-phase chemical model to reproduce their abundances.
Results. We found large differences in the molecular complexity (deuteration, complex organic molecules, sulphur, carbon chains, and ions) and compared their chemical properties with a cold core and two prestellar cores. The chemical diversity we found in the three cores seems to be correlated with their chemical evolution: two of them are prestellar (1390 and 4149), and one is in an earlier stage (869).
Conclusions. The influence of the environment is likely limited because cold cores are strongly shielded from their surroundings. The high extinction prevents interstellar UV radiation from penetrating deeply into the cores. Higher spatial resolution observations of the cores are therefore needed to constrain the physical structure of the cores, as well as a larger-scale distribution of molecular ions to understand the influence of the environment on their molecular complexity.
Deep learning fetal ultrasound video model match human observers in biometric measurements
Authors: Płotka Szymon , Klasa Adam , Lisowska Aneta , Seliga-Siwecka Joanna , Lipa Michał , Trzciński Tomasz , Sitek Arkadiusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. This work investigates the use of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically perform measurements of fetal body parts, including head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length, and to estimate gestational age and fetal weight using fetal ultrasound videos. Approach. We developed a novel multi-task CNN-based spatio-temporal fetal US feature extraction and standard plane detection algorithm (called FUVAI) and evaluated the method on 50 freehand fetal US video scans. We compared FUVAI fetal biometric measurements with measurements made by five experienced sonographers at two time points separated by at least two weeks. Intra- and inter-observer variabilities were estimated. Main results. We found that automated fetal biometric measurements obtained by FUVAI were comparable to the measurements performed by experienced sonographers The observed differences in measurement values were within the range of inter- and intra-observer variability. Moreover, analysis has shown that these differences were not statistically significant when comparing any individual medical expert to our model. Significance. We argue that FUVAI has the potential to assist sonographers who perform fetal biometric measurements in clinical settings by providing them with suggestions regarding the best measuring frames, along with automated measurements. Moreover, FUVAI is able perform these tasks in just a few seconds, which is a huge difference compared to the average of six minutes taken by sonographers. This is significant, given the shortage of medical experts capable of interpreting fetal ultrasound images in numerous countries.
Numerical study of simultaneous transport of heat and mass transfer in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Arif U , Nawaz M , Salmi Abdelatif 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article aims to investigate the influence of copper (Cu) and a combination of copper (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on the simultaneous transfer of heat and mass in sodium alginate liquid moving over a circular pipe. This transport activity is modeled by the use of conservation laws with correlations for physical quantities of Cu, Al2 O3, and sodium alginate. Through cylindrical coordinates formulation, the set of partial differential equations is obtained. These models are solved numerically by the finite element method (FEM). The relaxation time associated with momentum diffusion in Maxwell fluid plays role in controlling the viscous region. Moreover, momentum relaxation time in Cu/sodium alginate is strong than that in Cu–Al2O3/sodium alginate. It is noticed from simulations that particles of Cu/ sodium alginate have a greater velocity than the velocity of Cu–Al2O3/sodium alginate. Therefore, distortion of magnetic lines by the flow of Cu/sodium alginate is more than the distortion of magnetic lines by the flow of Cu–Al2O3/sodium alginate. The rise in the thermal conductivity of sodium alginate due to simultaneous dispersion of Cu and Al2O3 is more than the rise in thermal conductivity of sodium alginate. Thus for maximum HT, the simultaneous dispersion of Cu and Al2O3 in sodium alginate is recommended.
Fast radio burst distributions consistent with the first CHIME/FRB catalog
Authors: Qiang Da-Chun , Li Shu-Ling , Wei Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Currently, fast radio bursts (FRBs) have become a very active field in
astronomy and cosmology. However, the origin of FRBs is still unknown to
date. The studies on the intrinsic FRB distributions might help us to
reveal the possible origins of FRBs, and improve the simulations for
FRB cosmology. Recently, the first CHIME/FRB catalog of 536 events was
released. Such a large uniform sample of FRBs detected by a single
telescope is very valuable to test the FRB distributions. Later, it has
been claimed that the FRB distribution model tracking the cosmic star
formation history (SFH) was rejected by the first CHIME/FRB catalog. In the
present work, we consider some empirical FRB distribution models, and find
that many of them can be fully consistent with the CHIME/FRB observational
data for some suitable model parameters. Notice that a suppressed evolution
with respect to SFH is commonly found for FRBs. In particular,
we independently confirm that the FRB distribution model tracking SFH
can be rejected at very high confidence. On the other hand, all the
"successful" models effectively require a certain degree
of "delay" with respect to SFH. These results might shed light on the
origin of FRBs and FRB cosmology.
The Study of Unusual Emission from PSR B1859+07 using FAST
Authors: Wang Lin , Yu Ye-Zhao , Kou Feifei , Liu Kuo , Wang Xinxin , Peng Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present simultaneous broad-band radio observations on the abnormal emission mode from PSR B1859+07 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). This pulsar shows peculiar emission, which takes the form of occasional shifts of emission to an early rotational phase and mode change of emission at the normal phase. We confirm all these three emission modes with our data sets, including the B (burst) and Q (quiet) modes of the non-shifted pulses and the emission shift mode with a quasi-periodicity of 155 pulses. We also identify a new type of emission shift event, which has emission at the normal phase during the event. We studied polarization properties of these emission modes in detail, and found that they all have similar polarization angle curve, indicating the emissions of all these three modes are from the same emission height.
Detectable anthropogenic influence on summer compound hot events over China from 1965 to 2014
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Compared with independent hot days or nights, compound hot extremes have more adverse effects on society. In this study, hot extremes are categorized into three types: independent hot days, independent hot nights and compound hot events combining daytime and nighttime hot extremes based on daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Using observations from the gridded dataset CN05.1 and experiments undertaken with 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, we analyze the observed changes in summer hot extremes and compare them with model simulations over China between 1961 and 2014 and then conduct detection and attribution analyses of changes in compound hot events between 1965 and 2014 utilizing an optimal fingerprinting method. The results show that clear upward trends in the frequency and intensity of the three types of hot extremes are observed over China, with the largest trend occurring in hot nights for frequency and in compound hot events for intensity. The CMIP6 multimodel mean responses to all forcings agree well with the observed changes in the frequency and intensity of the three types of hot extremes. Anthropogenic (ANT) forcing can be robustly detected and separated from the response to natural (NAT) forcing in the frequency and intensity trends of compound hot events over China, and the attributable contribution of ANT forcing is estimated to be much larger than that of NAT forcing. Further analyses on the model responses to NAT, greenhouse gas (GHG) and ANT aerosol (AER) forcings indicate that GHG forcing is detectable in the observed increased frequency of compound hot events. By contrast, NAT and AER forcings cannot be detected, and their effects on the observed changes in compound hot events over China are generally negligible.
Effects of long-term vegan diet on breath composition
Authors: Biagini Denise , Fusi Jonathan , Vezzosi Annasilvia , Oliveri Paolo , Ghimenti Silvia , Lenzi Alessio , Salvo Pietro , Daniele Simona , Scarfò Giorgia , Vivaldi Federico , Bonini Andrea , Martini Claudia , Franzoni Ferdinando , Di Francesco Fabio , Lomonaco Tommaso 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The composition of exhaled breath derives from an intricate combination of normal and abnormal physiological processes that are modified by the consumption of food and beverages, circadian rhythms, bacterial infections, and genetics as well as exposure to xenobiotics. This complexity, which results wide intra- and inter-individual variability and is further influenced by sampling conditions, hinders the identification of specific biomarkers and makes it difficult to differentiate between pathological and nominally healthy subjects. The identification of a ‘normal’ breath composition and the relative influence of the aforementioned parameters would make breath analyses much faster for diagnostic applications. We thus compared, for the first time, the breath composition of age-matched volunteers following a vegan and a Mediterranean omnivorous diet in order to evaluate the impact of diet on breath composition. Mixed breath was collected from 38 nominally healthy volunteers who were asked to breathe into a 2 l handmade Nalophan bag. Exhalation flow rate and carbon dioxide values were monitored during breath sampling. An aliquot (100 ml) of breath was loaded into a sorbent tube (250 mg of Tenax GR, 60/80 mesh) before being analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath profiling using TD-GC-MS analysis identified five compounds (methanol, 1-propanol, pentane, hexane, and hexanal), thus enabling differentiation between samples collected from the different group members. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between groups, suggesting that breath analysis could be used to study the influence of dietary habits in the fields of nutrition and metabolism. Surprisingly, one Italian woman and her brother showed extremely low breath isoprene levels (about 5 pbv), despite their normal lipidic profile and respiratory data, such as flow rate and pCO2. Further investigations to reveal the reasons behind low isoprene levels in breath would help reveal the origin of isoprene in breath.
Innovative seed planter implements for resource-saving sowing technologies
Authors: Laryushin N P , Shukov A V , Kiryukhina T A , Yashin A V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ensuring a smooth flow of seed with a decrease in the number of injured seeds, a given instability of the total seeding, regardless of the forward speed of the sowing implement with the necessary distribution of seeds along the length and depth of the furrow, all these are the main tasks for modern sowing systems of sowing machines. Thus, we could come to the conclusion that the work devoted to improving the quality indicators of sowing agricultural crops with a seeder by developing a reel-to-reel sowing device with a four-section reel, the grooves of which are formed by the surface of rotation of the torus and are rotated relative to each other along a helical line, at an angle of 45 degrees, as well as a double-disc opener with a seed flow shaper for placing them on the bottom of the furrow is of great importance for the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The article deals with the improving the quality indicators of sowing crops by a planter equipped with reel seeding devices and four-section. the current research also presents and analyses the results of field experiments.