bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics reconfiguration of fixture-workpiece system for vibration suppression in milling of thin-walled workpieces based on MR damping fixture
Authors: Ma Junjin , Li Yunfei , Zhang Dinghua , Zhao Bo , Pang Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Milling of the low rigidity and large deformation thin-walled workpiece is a critical challenging task due to the obvious machining vibration, which greatly affects the machining accuracy, surface quality of the final part. Compared with the conventional methods, this paper focuses on suppressing the machining vibration of the flexible workpiece by the MR damping fixture. A novel dynamic characteristics reconstruction strategy of MR damping fixture-workpiece system is proposed to improve the system dynamic characteristics of milling system considering the effect of material removal. Then, the fixture-workpiece system dynamic characteristics reconstruction model is established, in process, the time-varying modal parameters in different conditions are iteratively identified and the stable depth of cut is obtained in any moment. Based on this, the control currents of MR damping fixture are calculated to offset the change of the damping and stiffness properties of the milling system caused by material removal. Subsequently, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by several experiments. Experimental results show that compared with the initial machining state, the dynamic properties of the fixture-workpiece system are reconstructed by the MR damping fixture, and the vibration response is reduced by 30%~70% and the machined surface is improved effectively.
Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors among random male-female pairs: A large observational study in Japan
Authors: Nakaya Naoki , Nakaya Kumi , Tsuchiya Naho , Narita Akira , Sone Toshimasa , Kogure Mana , Hatanaka Rieko , kanno Ikumi , Metoki Hirohito , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Hozawa Atsushi , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Spousal similarities exist in several cardiometabolic risk factors and have been noted in previous studies that used public biobank information from two countries. This study aimed to challenge the influence of genetic factors and determine the influence of the environment on cardiometabolic risk factors by using random male-female pairs rather than spouse pairs.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5391 spouse pairs from Japan; data were obtained from a large biobank study. For pairings, women of the same age were randomly shuffled to create new male-female pairs of the same age as the original spouse pairs. Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors between the random male-female pairs were analysed using the Pearson's correlation or age-adjusted logistic regression analyses.Results: The mean ages of the men and women were 63.2 and 60.4 years, respectively. No significant similarities were noted in cardiometabolic risk factors, including the continuous risk factors (anthropometric traits, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, and lipid traits); lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, and physical activity); or diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome) between the random male-female pairs. The age-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from -0.002 for triglycerides to 0.071 for total cholesterol. The age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current drinkers was 0.94 (0.81−1.09); ever smokers, 0.99 (0.83−1.18); hypertension, 1.07 (0.93−1.23); and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1.08 (0.77−1.50). Conclusion: In this study, no similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors were noted among the random male-female pairs. As spouse pairs may share environmental factors, intervention strategies targeting lifestyle habits and prevent lifestyle-related diseases may be effective.
Directed evolution for soluble and active periplasmic expression of bovine enterokinase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Weiluo , Pradhan Subhas , Zhang Cheng , Venanzi Niccolo , Li Weina , Goldrick Stephen , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bovine enterokinase light chain (EKL) is an industrially useful protease for accurate removal of affinity-purification tags from high-value biopharmaceuticals. However, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli produces insoluble inclusion bodies, requiring solubilisation, refolding, and autocatalytic activation to recover functional enzyme. Error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling of the EKL gene, T7 promotor, lac operon, ribosome binding site, and pelB leader sequence, yielded 321 unique variants after screening ~ 6500 colonies. The best variants had > 11,000-fold increased total activity in lysates, producing soluble enzyme that no longer needed refolding. Further characterisation identified the factors that improved total activity from an inactive and insoluble starting point. Stability was a major factor, whereby melting temperatures > 48.4°C enabled good expression at 37°C. Variants generally did not alter catalytic efficiency as measured by kcat/Km, which improved for only one variant. Codon optimisation improved the total activity in lysates produced at 37°C. However, non-optimised codons and expression at 30°C gave the highest activity through improved protein quality, with increased kcat and Tm values. The 321 variants were statistically analysed and mapped to protein structure. Mutations detrimental to total activity and stability clustered around the active site. By contrast, variants with increased total activity tended to combine stabilising mutations that did not disrupt the active site.
The impact of atypical hyperplasia at the margins of breast-conserving surgery on the outcomes of breast cancer in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Deng Heran , Zhang Jing , Hu Tingting , Li Qian , Yang Yaping , Liu Jieqiong , Wu Jiannan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) is associated with a higher risk of future breast cancer. However, whether AH found at margins in patients with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) needs re-excision is not well-defined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of atypical hyperplasia at the surgical margins on the local recurrence and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with NAC and BCS.Methods A retrospective analysis comparing patients who treated with NAC and BCS with AH at the margins to those without AH was performed. Results 323 patients were included in this study. The 5-year rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) were 6% and 4.5% in patients with and without AH, respectively. Distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) at 5 years was 81.2% in the AH group, and 88.1% in the no-AH group. No significant differences were observed among the two groups in terms of IBTR, DMFS, or OS. Conclusion Our study suggests that AH involved at the surgical margins of BCS in patients who received NAC does not increase the risk of ipsilateral breast cancer, and there is insufficient evidence for surgeon to further resect AH found at the margins of BCS in these patients.
The partner’s experiences of childbirth in countries with a highly developed clinical setting: A scoping review
Authors: Schmitt Nadine , Striebich Sabine , Meyer Gabriele , Ayerle Gertrud M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In Western countries, it is common practice for a woman to be supported by a trusted person during childbirth, usually the other parent. Numerous studies have shown that this has a positive effect both on the woman’s satisfaction with the birth process and on physical outcomes. However, there is little research on the birth experience of partner’s and their wellbeing.Methods: Both a systematic literature search in three databases and a manual search were conducted, for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies from Western countries examining the experiences of support people present at a birth.Results: A total of 35 studies were included. Only one study included same-sex partners (the other studies addressed fathers’ experiences only) and only one validated questionnaire was identified. Four major themes were found to influence partners’ birth experiences: (1) intense feelings, (2) role of support, (3) staff support, and (4) becoming a father. Conclusions: Support people may feel very vulnerable and stressed in this unfamiliar situation. They need emotional and informal support from staff, want to be actively involved, and play an important role for the birthing woman. To promote good attachment for parents, systematic exploration of the needs of support people is essential for a positive birth experience. Because of the diversity of family constellations, all support people should be included in further studies, especially same-sex partners.
Mesenchymal stem cell bioenergetics and apoptosis are associated with risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Hazra Snehashis , Li Rui , Vamesu Bianca M. , Jilling Tamas , Ballinger Scott W , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Kandasamy Jegen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rationale: Oxidant stress contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Mitochondrial function regulates oxidant stress responses as well as pluripotency and regenerative ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are critical mediators of lung development. Objective: To test whether differences in endogenous MSC mitochondrial bioenergetics, proliferation and survival are associated with BPD risk in ELBW infants. Findings: Umbilical cord-derived MSCs of ELBW infants who later died or developed moderate/severe BPD had lower oxygen consumption and aconitase activity but higher extracellular acidification - indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress vs. MSCs from infants who survived with no/mild BPD. Hyperoxia-exposed MSCs from infants who died or developed moderate/severe BPD also had lower PINK1 expression but higher TOM20 expression and numbers of mitochondria/cell, indicative of decreased mitophagy. Finally, these MSCs were noted to proliferate at lower rates but undergo more apoptosis in cell cultures when compared to MSCs from infants who survived with no/mild BPD. Conclusions: These results indicate that mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and mitophagy deficit induced by oxidant stress may lead to depletion of the endogenous MSC pool and subsequent disruption of lung development in ELBW infants at increased risk for BPD.
Better Living through Coordination Chemistry: A descriptive study of a prolific papermill that combines crystallography and medicine
Authors: Bimler David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The organised, production-line creation of fake papers by “papermills”, injecting fabricated results into the scientific literature, has become a problem in many domains of biomedical research. Here we propose that at least 800 publications in crystallography and exotic-chemistry journals, from the period 2015-2022, are also the work of a prolific papermill specialising in imaginary Metal-Organic Frameworks and their wholly invented therapeutic applications. The mill is characterised by recycled images, and by oddities of wording in Methods sections, but its most obvious hallmarks appear in Reference sections, with citations to irrelevant research from remote fields of science. One purpose of these irregularities is presumably to manipulate the researchers’ performance indicators. We argue that a paper’s References deserve closer scrutiny from journal editors and publishers than they routinely receive.
Early detection of variants of concern via funnel plots of regional reproduction numbers
Authors: Milanesi Simone , Rosset Francesca , Colaneri Marta , Giordano Giulia , Pesenti Kenneth , Blanchini Franco , Bolzern Paolo , Colaneri Patrizio , Sacchi Paolo , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Bruno Raffaele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tools to early detect the emergence of a new variant of concern are essential to develop strategies that contain epidemic outbreaks and their health-economic-social consequences. For example, knowing in which region a variant of concern appears or starts spreading enables prompt actions to circumscribe the diffusion area. This paper presents ‘funnel plots’ as a statistical method that can quickly identify regions of a country where the reproduction number is anomalous with respect to the national one, thus triggering cross-cutting research, while keeping false alarms under control. COVID-19 data demonstrate the efficacy of the method in the early detection of Delta and Omicron variants in India, South Africa, England, and Italy, as well as a malfunctioning episode of the diagnostic infrastructure in England.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) Insecurity in Unhoused Communities of Los Angeles, California
Authors: Portillo Lourdes Johanna Avelar , Kayser Georgia , Ko Charlene , Vasquez Angelica , Gonzalez Jimena , Avelar Diego Jose , Alvarenga Nayib , Franklin Meredith , Chiang Yao-Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Access to water and sanitation is a basic human right; however, in many parts of the world, communities experience water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) insecurity. While WaSH insecurity is prevalent in many low and middle-income countries, it is also a problem in high-income countries, like the United States, as is evident in vulnerable populations, including people experiencing homelessness. Limited knowledge exists about the coping strategies unhoused people use to access WaSH services. This study, therefore, examines WaSH access among unhoused communities in Los Angeles, California, a city with the second-highest count of unhoused people across the nation. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a snowball sampling technique with 263 unhoused people living in Skid Row, Los Angeles. We calculated frequencies and multivariate analyses to describe (1) How unhoused communities cope and gain access to WaSH services in different places? Moreover, (2) What individual-level factors contribute to unhoused people’s ability to access WaSH services?Results: Our findings reveal that access to WaSH services in Los Angeles is most difficult at night. Reduced access to overnight sanitation resulted in 19% of the sample population using buckets inside their tents and 28% openly defecating in public spaces. Bottled water and public taps are the primary drinking water source, but 6% of the sample reported obtaining water from fire hydrants, and 50% of the population stores water for night use. Unhoused people also had limited access to water and soap for hand hygiene throughout the day, with 17% of the sample relying on hand sanitizer to clean their hands. Shower and laundry access was also among the most limited services reducing people’s ability to maintain body hygiene practices and limiting employment opportunities. Our regression models suggest that access to WaSH is not homogenous. Community differences exist, with the odds of having difficulty accessing sanitation services being two times greater for those living outside of Skid Row (95% CI: 1.08-6.37) and three times greater for people who have been unhoused for more than six years compared to people who have been unhoused for less than a year (95% CI: 1.36-8.07).Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests a need for more permanent and 24-hour accessible WaSH services for unhoused communities living in Skid Row, including restrooms, drinking water, water and soap for hand hygiene, showers, and laundry services.
Qualitative and quantitative detection of Sudan I and II adulterated in chili powders by front-face synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy：Aggregation-induced emission in solid food
Authors: Liu Zhao-Xi , Tan Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sudan dyes are commonly found adulterants in chili related products. In this work, the unusual fluorescent behaviors of Sudan I and II in solid state were observed for the first time which are attributed to aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Taking advantage of their solid-state AIE properties, front-face synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (FFSFS) was applied for the rapid and non-destructive determination of Sudan I or II in chili powders. For each dye, 90 adulterated chili powders containing 1–50 mg/g Sudan I or II were prepared. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were achieved by principal component analysis – linear discriminant analysis (PCA–LDA) and partial least square regression (PLSR), respectively. The built models were validated by full cross-validation, five-fold cross-validation and external validation. The sensitivity and specificity in discrimination were both 100%. For PLSR prediction, the coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.96. The relative errors of prediction (REP) were 15.2% and 11.6% for Sudan I and II, respectively. AIE-based FFSFS offers a new route for the application of fluorescence spectroscopy in food authentication.
MiR-519a/522-5p from pancreatic cancer-secreted exosomes promotes tumor invasion by enhancing Warburg effect
Authors: Feng Shi , Chen Ruihan , Huang Haitao , Lin Yimou , Jiang Jingyu , Cui Jinlong , Ling Qi , Liang Tingbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Exploring novel serum biomarkers and the underlying mechanism is crucial for the early diagnosis and precise therapy of PDAC.
Methods
Exosomes were isolated from serum samples of 92 PDAC patients and 44 healthy subjects. Serum exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) were detected by small RNA sequencing, verified by qRT-PCR, and their diagnostic performance and prognostic value were evaluated. In vitro experiments and orthotopic tumor mouse models were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-519a/522-5p on PDAC. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to explore the underlying mechanism of miR-519a/522-5p.
Results
Compared to the healthy control, all three PDAC subgroups (stage I-III) displayed a specific deregulated serum exo-miRNA profile. A panel of 3 serum exo-miRNAs (let-7g-3p, miR-490-5p, and miR-519a/522-5p) was established as novel diagnostic biomarkers for PDAC, which exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in clinical cohort. Among the three exo-miRNAs, miR-519a/522-5p was found to be an independent prognostic factor for PDAC and associated with tumor features particularly invasion/metastasis. In vitro and in vivo experiment confirmed that miR-519a/522-5p promoted invasiveness/metastasis of PDAC cells. Moreover, miR-519a/522-5p could be effectively delivered via exosomes and increased the invasiveness of recipient PDAC cells. Multi-omics analysis showed a comprehensive miR-519a/522-5p-regulated molecular network, in which glycolysis played a central role. We further validated that miR-519a/522-5p enhanced glycolysis by targeting sestrin2.
Conclusion
Serum exo-miRNAs could be novel and promising candidates for precise diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. Tumor-derived exo-miR-519a/522-5p promotes PDAC cellular invasiveness by enhancing Warburg effect.
Why Do We Share Fake News? A Cognitive Behaviour Analysis on the Use of Social Media in Global South Context
Authors: Samya Shashwata Sourav Roy , Tonmoy MD. Shaleh Islam , Rabbi MD. Forhad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The world has been hit by the COVID - 19 epidemic, prompting us to release vaccines at breakneck speed. As much as this elicited an outpouring of joy from us, it also elicited a slew of worries and anxieties. So much so that many have been led astray by false information spread throughout their various social media platforms. It didn't take long for us to realize how quickly these "news" circulated among peers and friends. This led us to work on this project, in which we attempted to identify adequate links between the propagation of these misinformation and the factors that may be connected with our respondents being fed lies from sources they believe to be trustworthy based on personal ties. In order to find our targeted outcomes, we used a cognitive method. A total of 202 replies were chosen for the final round, in which respondents were presented with falsified news and then asked how they would react to news being shared or posted with someone with whom they have a personal connection. The Likert Chart Scale was our primary method of data collection, with Yes/No responses serving as a backup. The findings do provide us with some insight into the people who believed in our fabricated news, as well as how they would behave in a situation where the source of similar hoax news came from people who have a respectable place in their lives.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Optimization and Multiphase Analysis of Polygon PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Jabbary Ali , Pourmahmoud Nader , Abdollahi Mir Ali Asghar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents new PEM fuel cell models with hexagonal and pentagonal designs. After observing cell performance improvement in these models, we optimized them. Inlet pressure and temperature were used as input parameters, and consumption and output power were the target parameters of the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Then we used artificial intelligence techniques, including deep neural networks and polynomial regression, to model the data. Next, we employed the RSM (Response Surface Method) method to derive the target functions. Furthermore, we applied the NSGAII multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the targets. Compared to the base model (Cubic), the optimized Pentagonal and Hexagonal models averagely increase the output current density by 21.819% and 39.931%, respectively.
Amphistomiasis due to Explanatum explanatum (Digenea) in native cattle of Kerman Province, Iran
Authors: Zarandi Mehdi Borhani , Faridi Ashkan , Halajian Ali , Moghaddas Elham , Ahmadi Amin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Amphistomiasis is caused by different species of trematodes in the family paramphistomatidae and is one of the neglected parasitic diseases of livestock. Amphistomiasis has a wide geographic distribution, especially in subtropical and tropical regions. Although adult stage of most of the amphistomes are seen in the rumen and reticulum of ruminants, but sometimes can be seen in bile ducts too. A few parasites were collected from the bile ducts of a native cattle from the Kerman slaughterhouse, Kerman Province, southeastern Iran, and samples were studied by histomorphological as well as, Scanning Electron Microscopy. The worms were identified as Explanatum explanatum using identification keys and SEM. This trematode has been identified in livestock from only two other provinces of Iran but this is the first report of it in Kerman Province. Specific epidemiological studies with exact slaughter inspections are needed to recognize the extent of the parasite prevalence in native animals of Iran.