bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with never‐use of long‐acting reversible contraception among adult reproductive‐aged women in Ohio
Authors: Chakraborty Payal , Chettri Shibani , Gallo Maria F. , Smith Mikaela H. , Hood Robert B. , Bessett Danielle , Casterline John B. , Norris Alison H. , Turner Abigail Norris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of women using long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC)—intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants—is increasing and 14% of contraceptive users in the United States adopt LARC. We examined correlates of LARC never‐use in a population‐based survey of reproductive‐aged women in Ohio.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018‐19 Ohio Survey of Women. We examined the prevalence of LARC never‐use and reasons for never‐use among ever users of contraception (N = 2388). Using Poisson regression to generate prevalence ratios (PRs), we examined associations between selected correlates (demographic factors, healthcare access/quality measures, and religious/political views) and LARC never‐use.ResultsMost Ohio women (74%) had never used LARC. Commonly reported reasons for not using an IUD or an implant were preferring a different method (46% and 45%, respectively), not wanting an object inside their body (45% and 43%), side effect concerns (39% and 33%), insertion/removal concerns (31% and 25%), and unfamiliarity (13% and 20%). Conservative political views (PR: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.22), pro‐life affiliation (PR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), placing high importance on religion in daily life (PR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.26), and being non‐Hispanic white as compared to non‐Hispanic Black (PR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.41) were significantly associated with LARC never‐use. Findings were generally similar for models analyzing IUD and implant never‐use separately.ConclusionsAmong ever‐users of contraception, LARC never‐use was associated with having conservative political views, being religious, and having a pro‐life affiliation. Except for race/ethnicity, demographic and healthcare measures were not associated with LARC never‐use among women in Ohio.
Analysis of infrared nanojets with self-focusing nonlinearities
Authors: Rafi Ragib S. , Salandrino Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

We present a numerical study of the linear and nonlinear diffraction and focusing properties of dielectric metasurfaces consisting of silicon microcylinder arrays resting on a silicon substrate. Upon diffraction, such structures lead to the formation of near-field intensity profiles that are reminiscent of photonic nanojets and propagate in a similar fashion. The generation and propagation of these photonic jets were analyzed under high intensity mid-infrared illumination conditions for which the third-order optical nonlinearity of silicon leads to pronounced self-focusing effects. The illumination wavelength of 3388 nm was selected to be below the two-photon absorption edge. Our results indicate that the Kerr nonlinear effect enhances light concentration throughout the generated photonic jet with an increase in intensity of about 20% compared to the linear regime for the power levels considered in this work. In all cases, the transverse beamwidth remains subwavelength, and the nonlinear effect reduces the full width half maximum size by 100 nm for both electric field intensity and the longitudinal Poynting vector.
Fabrication of tapered waveguides by i-line UV lithography for flexible coupling control
Authors: Wang Pei-Hsun , Lee Tien-Hsiang , Huang Wei-Hao 
Published: November 2022

A tapered bus-waveguide is demonstrated to enhance the waveguide-to-cavity coupling by mass-productive, cost-effective i-line UV lithography. Through enlarging the overlap between the evanescent wave and waveguide resonator, we experimentally show that the coupling strength of silicon nitride waveguides can be 7 times stronger than the conventional coupling of a uniform, straight bus-waveguide. For the first time, strong over-coupling is identified at a 400 nm gap and quality factor ≈ 105 without elongating the coupling length. This design relieves the fabrication limits and provides the flexibility for coupling control, especially in the strongly over-coupled regime with i-line UV lithography.
Characteristics of people with epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in three eastern African countries–A pooled analysis
Authors: Stelzle Dominik , Schmidt Veronika , Keller Luise , Ngowi Bernard J. , Matuja William , Escheu Gabrielle , Hauke Peter , Richter Vivien , Ovuga Emilio , Pfausler Bettina , Schmutzhard Erich , Amos Action , Harrison Wendy , Kaducu Joyce , Winkler Andrea S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a zoonotic disease caused by the pork tapeworm T. solium, represents one of the most common causes of secondary epilepsy but remains often undiagnosed due to lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities.

Methodology
We pooled data from four cross-sectional studies on epilepsy and NCC in eastern Africa. Study sites were in Uganda, Malawi and in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam and Haydom). The study in Uganda and Malawi were community-based, the two studies in Tanzania were hospital-based. The same questionnaire was used for assessment of clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy. Computed tomography (CT) scans and serological testing were performed in order to diagnose NCC.

Results
Overall, 1,179 people with epilepsy were included in our analysis. Of those, 941 PWE underwent CT scanning and were pooled for NCC analysis. Seventy patients were diagnosed with NCC, but NCC prevalence differed considerably between sites ranging from 2.0% (95%CI 0.4% to 3.6%) in Dar es Salaam to 17.5% (95%CI 12.4% to 22.6%) in Haydom. NCC prevalence did not show any association with sex but increased with age and was higher in rural than urban settings. In addition, being a farmer, non-Muslim, eating pork and living with pigs close by was associated with a higher NCC prevalence. PWE with NCC experienced their first epileptic seizure around 3 years later in life compared to PWE without NCC and their epileptic seizures seemed to be better controlled (p<0.001). There was no difference between focal onset seizures and focal signs on neurological examination in both groups (p = 0.49 and p = 0.92, respectively). The rT24H-EITB had a sensitivity for the detection of NCC of 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51 to 84%), the LLGP of 76% (95%CI 58 to 89%) and the antigen ELISA of 36% (95% CI 20 to 55%).

Conclusions
NCC is prevalent among PWE in eastern Africa, although it may not be as common as previously stated. Demographic characteristics of PWE with NCC differed from those without NCC, but semiological characteristics and results on neurological examination did not differ compared to PWE without NCC. Interestingly, seizures seemed to be less frequent in PWE with NCC. Being aware of those differences and similarities may help triaging PWE for neuroimaging in order to establish a diagnosis of NCC.
Socioeconomic and ethnical disparity in coronary heart disease outcomes in Denmark and the effect of cardiac rehabilitation—A nationwide registry study
Authors: Kjesbu Ingunn , Prescott Eva , Rasmusen H. K. Hanne , Osler Merete , Larsen Mogens Lytken , Gustafsson Ida , Zwisler Ann Dorthe , Sibilitz Kirstine Laerum 
Published: November 2022

Aims
Cardiovascular patients with low socioeconomic status and non-western ethnic background have worse prognostic outcomes. The aim of this nationwide study was first to address whether short-term effects of hospital-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are similar across educational level and ethnic background, and secondly to study whether known disparity in long-term prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disese is diminished by CR participation.

Methods
All patients with myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization from August 2015 until March 2018 in the Danish national patient registry or the Danish cardiac rehabilitation database (DHRD) were included. We used descriptive statistics to address disparity in achievement of quality indicators in CR, and Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the association between the disparity measures and MACE (cardiovascular hospitalization and all-cause mortality) with adjustment for age, gender, index-diagnose and co-morbidity.

Results
We identified 34,511 patients of whom 19,383 had participated in CR and 9,882 provided information on CR outcomes from the DHRD. We demonstrated a socioeconomic gradient in improvements in VO2peak, and non-western patients were less often screened for depression or receive dietary consulting. We found a strong socioeconomic gradient in MACE irrespective of CR participation, medication, and risk factor control (adjusted HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.56–0.77) for high versus low education). Non-western origin was associated with higher risk of MACE (adjusted HR 1.2 (1.1–1.4)).

Conclusion
We found only minor socioeconomic and ethnic differences in achievement of CR quality indicators but strong differences in CHD prognosis indication that conventional risk factor control and medical treatment following CR do not diminish the socioeconomic and ethnical disparity in CHD prognosis.
Chinese Media in Africa: Perception, Performance and Paradox, Emeka Umejei (2020)
Authors: Xiang Yu 
Published: November 2022

Review of: Chinese Media in Africa: Perception, Performance and Paradox, Emeka Umejei (2020)
Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 142 pp.,
ISBN 879-1-49859-396-0, h/bk, $95
Los canales navegables: de sistemas de transporte a espacios socioculturales y ambientales
Authors: Cabau Anchuelo Beatriz , Hernández Lamas Patricia , Bernabéu Larena Jorge 
Published: November 2022

La extensa red de canales navegables que se desarrolló en Europa durante los siglos XVIII y principios del XIX se convirtió paulatinamente, con la llegada del ferrocarril y posterior proliferación del automóvil, en un sistema obsoleto para el fin para el que se creó. Desde 1990 vemos sin embargo, cómo los canales de transporte, uno de los iconos de la ingeniería de la Ilustración, se han convertido en importantes activos de regeneración de la ciudad. El artículo se centra en analizar los valores que aportan los canales a los entornos urbanos por las que discurren y cómo estas antiguas vías de transporte se están integrando en el funcionamiento de la ciudad actual. Sus cualidades les han permitido adquirir nuevos usos, donde los canales se reinterpretan para adaptarse a las necesidades de la sociedad presente. A través de algunos ejemplos se examina cómo se están gestionando sus diferentes valores, así como los proyectos e instrumentos que se están desarrollando para su puesta en valor.
Pituitary and COVID-19: review
Authors: Buyvalenko U. V. , Perepelova M. A. , Zolotareva R. A. , Belaya Zh. E. , Melnichenko G. A. 
Published: November 2022

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world since was first scientifically described in December 2019. At present approximately 400 million people have suffered from the disease, almost 6 million people have died.SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in several endocrine glands, including the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, and testes. Thus, the endocrine glands may be a direct target for SARS-CoV-2. The main risk factors for severity of the COVID-19 are obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), vertebral fractures, which potentially predisposes patients to a severe course of COVID-19.In this review, we present current data on the course of COVID-19 in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary diseases, and also discuss treatment for endocrinopathies during to COVID-19.
User Interface Features and Knowledge Organisation Systems in Institutional Repositories A Case Study of Centrally Funded Technical Institutions in India
Authors: Pradhan Dibya Kishor , Maharana Bulu 
Published: November 2022

Institutional Repositories (IRs) are effective systems for managing and disseminating institutions’ in scholarly communication. More specifically, an IR enhances the visibility and discoverability of the content and validates the repository’s importance. Knowledge Organisation System (KOS) strengthens the digital content organisation, connects users with collections, and improves information retrieval functionalities. This paper investigates the present status of user interface features and incorporates KOS in the institutional repository of technical institutions, restricted to Centrally Funded Technical Institutions in India. A group of twenty-four web-accessible institutional repositories was identified, and their KOS and user interface features were evaluated. It was found that user interfaces of all IRs under study comply with essential search and navigation functionalities, such as simple and advanced search, browsing, faceted or filtering approaches, and integration with multiple KOS. Only a few of them include complex KOS, such as control vocabulary. All repositories show their search results in both normal-text and metadata views. Some have specific display features, such as highlighting the query or displaying a thumbnail. Google is one of the most popular search engines that indexes IR content for visibility and discoverability, and approximately 90 per cent of repositories are linked with NDLI. Global visibility and impact participation are moderate, and they require attention.
Penggunaan Koagulan Kombinasi Bubuk Biji Moringa Oleifera Dan Bubuk Biji Tamarindus Indica Dalam Menurunkan Kadar COD Dan TSS Limbah Cair Tahu
Authors: Lisa Desembra , Fikri Elanda , Rojali Rojali 
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang : Kandungan bahan organik tinggi terutama kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS terdapat pada limbah cair tahu. Bubuk biji Tamarindus indica dan bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dapat digunakan dalam penurunan kadar COD dan TSS.Metode : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penurunan COD dan TSS dalam limbah cair tahu dengan kombinasi bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica dengan metode jar test.Hasil: Sebelum diberi perlakuan kadar COD 9650 mg/l dan kadar TSS 300 mg/l. Hasil penurunan efektif menggunakan koagulan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica pada konsentrasi 66,7mg/l yaitu kadar COD 6615 mg/l dan TSS 250 mg/l. Penurunan COD juga terjadi pada konsentrasi 66,7 mg/l bubuk biji Moringa oleifera yaitu COD 9512 mg/l dan TSS tidak mengalami penurunan.Simpulan : Kombinasi bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica tidak efektif penurunan kadar COD dan TSS limbah cair tahu saat dilakukan proses koagulasi. ABSTRACTTitle: Tofu Liquid Waste Treatment Using a Combination of Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder and Tamarindus Indica Seed Powder as Coagulant in Reduce COD and TSS LevelsBackground : The characteristics of tofu liquid waste contain high organic material, especially levels of BOD, COD and TSS. Tamarindus indica and Moringa oleifera seed powder capable of reducing COD and TSS levels. Method : The aim of this study was to determine the reduction of COD and TSS levels of tofu liquid waste using a combination of Moringa oleifera seed powder and Tamarindus indica seed powder using the jar test method. Result :Prior to treatment the levels of COD were 9650 mg/l and TSS 300 mg/l. The results of effective reduction using Tamarindus indica seed powder coagulant at a concentration of 66.7 mg/l, COD levels 6615 mg/l and TSS 250 mg/l. The decrease in COD levels also occurred at a concentration of 66.7 mg/l Moringa oleifera seed powder, COD 9512 mg/l and TSS did not decrease. Conclusion : The combination of Moringa oleifera seed powder and Tamarindus indica seed powder was not effective inreducing COD and TSS level tofu waste with the coagulation process.
Multiplication operators on the Banach algebra of bounded Φ-variation functions on compact subsets of ℂ
Authors: Bracamonte Mireya , Ereú Jurancy , Marchan Luz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Let

A

Φ

(

K

)

{{\mathbb{A}}}_{\Phi }\left({\bf{K}})

be the Banach algebra of bounded

Φ

\Phi

-variation functions defined on a compact set

K

{\bf{K}}

in the complex plane,

h

h

a function defined on

K

{\bf{K}}

, and

M

h

{M}_{h}

a multiplication operator induced by

h

h

. In this article, we determine the conditions that

h

h

must satisfy for

M

h

{M}_{h}

to be an operator that has closed range, finite rank or is compact. We also characterize the conditions that

h

h

must satisfy for

M

h

{M}_{h}

to be a Fredholm operator.
The Portfolio Theory of Inflation and Policy (in)Effectiveness: Exploring it Further and Righting the Wrongs
Authors: Bossone Biagio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article revisits the Portfolio Theory of Inflation (PTI) proposed in my original work published earlier (Bossone, B. (2019, 4 June). The portfolio theory of inflation and policy (in)effectiveness. Economics Journal, 1–25. Article No. 2019-33.), with a view to further articulate its findings and implications. The article adds to the micro- and macro-foundations of the PTI model of the economy, framing the portfolio choices of global investors more rigorously, providing richer analysis of their macroeconomic effects, and in the process also correcting errors contained in the original PTI formulation. The article explores additional dimensions of how capital allocation choices by global investors interact with government macro-policies, and further studies how such choices shape the space available to country authorities for active macro-policies. The article further evaluates the results from the revisited model on the dynamics of exchange rate, inflation, and output following macro-policy shocks, and appraises the implications of the PTI for macro-policy effectiveness when due consideration is given to stock variables, as opposed to flow variables only, in the context of highly internationally financially integrated economies. Finally, the article considers what is new about the PTI as a theory of inflation and clarifies some of its possible misinterpretations.
Hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of wood thermally treated with moist air or low point metal alloy: a comparative study
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Wang Tinghuan , He Luxi , Zhang Tianfang , Gao Jingjing , He Zhengbin , Yi Songlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeat treatment is effective in reducing moisture absorption and improving the dimensional stability of wood. Low point metal alloy (LMPA) is characterized by high thermal conductivity and large surface tension and can be used as a liquid heat medium for heat treatment. To investigate the effects of liquid and gaseous heat medium on the hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and chemical structure of heat-treated wood, LMPA and moist air were used as the heating medium during the heat treatment at 140 °C, 170 °C, and 200 °C for 2 h. The results indicated that LMPA heat treatment effectively improved the dimensional stability of wood by increasing the actual heat treatment temperature and reducing the preheating time of the wood. LMPA heat treatment at 200 °C decreased the radial, tangential, and volumetric swelling coefficients of wood by 62, 55, and 56%, respectively. Compared with moist air heat treatment, the radial, tangential, and volumetric swelling coefficients of the wood were reduced by 37, 27, and 38%, respectively. Chemical analyses via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the LMPA heat treatment increased the degradation of hemicellulose and reduced the number of hygroscopic groups, resulting in higher crystallinity and enhanced dimensional stability. Hence, LMPA heat treatment can effectively resolve the poor thermal degradation due to prolonged preheating stage and high energy consumption associated with external power for forced convection during the conventional heat treatment using a gaseous heat medium.
Language attitudes in Northwestern Tunisia and their implication for speech patterns
Authors: Abdelfattah Ilona , Ritt-Benmimoun Veronika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Our paper investigates the relationship between language attitudes and practices in Tunisia, particularly in the two mainly rural governorates of Siliana and Jendouba situated in Northwestern Tunisia. The data that underlie our analysis were gathered in 43 qualitative interviews and through participant observation during fieldwork in spring and summer 2019, and by methodical inquiry into salient linguistic features. First, speakers’ attitudes towards and their evaluation of (1) their own local dialect and (2) the dialect of the capital Tunis reveal that the capital Tunis and coastal towns such as Sousse are perceived as urban and advanced – in education as well as in lifestyle – whereas the central and north-western regions of Tunisia are perceived as rural and culturally backward. We show how speakers apply social meanings to certain linguistic variables such as the use of the urban [q] that is considered as fīnu ‘genteel, refined’ in contrast to the rural [g]. Others, though also clearly urban features, are not equally charged with stereotypes, among them the adoption of the urban personal pronoun of the 1st person sg. ǟna. Second, the impact these evaluations have on speech patterns and consequently on intra-dialectal levelling processes and language change is analysed and its patterns described. We show that language ideologies and attitudes are determined by the intersection of age, gender and level of education, and that young, educated women with a rural background are among the first to adopt urban features. As women in Siliana and Jendouba are expected to act more fīnu than their male peers, they are more inclined to adopt the [q]. The situation of the personal pronoun of the 1st person sg., the plural of III-weak verbs and the loss of gender distinction in verbs, however, is less clear.