bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opening up China's debt market to the global financial system
Authors: Шуплецов А.Л. 
Published: February 2022

Для инвесторов постепенный выход из пандемийных локдаунов означает более активное управление инвестиционным портфелем. Если в кризисное время инвесторы традиционно выбирают для вложений тихие гавани типа казначейских облигаций США, то в постпандемийной экономике начинается возврат на развивающиеся рынки (т.н. emerging markets), являющиеся одним из наиболее высокодоходных объектов вложения капитала. И здесь на первое место выходит рынок долга материкового Китая.Экономика Китая быстро восстанавливается после пандемийных ограничений, а власти страны прилагают значительные усилия по либерализации национального рынка капитала для иностранных инвесторов. Эти и другие факторы значительно повышают интерес международных инвесторов к долговому рынку Китая.В статье рассматривается структура долгового рынка Китая, причины его популярности среди иностранных инвесторов и перспективы открытия для мирового рынка капитала.
For investors, a gradual exit from pandemic lockdowns means more active investment portfolio management. If in times of crisis, investors traditionally choose «safe havens» such as US Treasury bonds for investments, then in a post-pandemic economy, a return to emerging markets, which are assessments of investments with high financial returns, begins. And here the mainland China debt market comes out on top.China's economy is recovering rapidly after the pandemic restrictions, and the country's authorities are making significant efforts to liberalize the national capital market for foreign investors. This and other factors significantly increase the interest of international investors in the Chinese debt market.The article examines the structure of the Chinese debt market, the reasons for its popularity among foreign investors and the prospects for opening up to the global capital market.
TRAINING CREDITS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEM ASPECTS
Authors: Дицуленко О.И. , Посная Е.А. , Черемисинова Д.В. , Заярная К.Г. , Шевцов А.О. 
Published: February 2022

Вопросы, связанные с кредитованием, чрезвычайно важны и актуальны в современной финансовой системе РФ. Кредитование запускает многие процессы, необходимые для успешного развития страны и благосостояния граждан. С помощью кредитования достигается максимальный экономический эффект при грамотных кредитно-инвестиционных решениях: увеличиваются поступления в бюджет, появляются новые рабочие места, возрастают значения основных макроэкономических показателей: ВВП, ВНП, национальный доход и национальный продукт. Перспективным направлением в кредитовании является возможность получения гражданами Российской Федерации кредитов на обучение. В настоящее время данное направление активно развивается и поддерживается правительством страны. Определена базовая ставка процента по образовательному кредиту – 3 %. Однако, существуют проблемы, связанные с формированием и внедрением грамотной финансовой политики в части аккумулирования ресурсов для образовательного кредитования, а главное – четко регламентированной процедуры установления процентных ставок банковскими учреждениями, которые принимают участие в данном проекте и возможности получения этого кредита. Данные проблемы усложняют процедуру получения образовательных кредитов теми гражданами, которые в настоящее время действительно нуждаются в данных средствах.
Issues related to lending are extremely important and relevant in the modern financial system of the Russian Federation. Lending launches many processes necessary for the successful development of the country and the well-being of citizens. With the help of lending, the maximum economic effect is achieved with competent credit and investment decisions: budget revenues increase, new jobs appear, the values of the main macroeconomic indicators increase: GDP, GNP, national income and national product. A promising direction in lending is the possibility of obtaining loans for training by citizens of the Russian Federation. Currently, this direction is actively developing and supported by the government of the country. The basic rate of interest on an educational loan has been determined - 3%. However, there are problems associated with the formation and implementation of a competent financial policy in terms of the accumulation of resources for educational loans, and most importantly - a clearly regulated procedure for setting interest rates by banking institutions that take part in this project and the possibility of obtaining this loan. These problems complicate the procedure for obtaining educational loans for those citizens who currently really need these funds.
6.1. State and development prospects of the retail trade network in Belarus
Authors: Бондаренко О.Г. , Гришина В.Т. 
Published: February 2022

В статье определены тенденции изменения количественных и качественных показателей развития розничной торговой сети Беларуси; систематизированы направления развития розничной торговой сети Беларуси по результатам анализа нормативных документов; определены проблемы развития розничной торговой сети Беларуси; составлена карта SWOT-анализа маркетинговых условий функционирования розничной торговли Беларуси.
The article identifies trends in quantitative and qualitative indicators of development of the retail network of Belarus; systematic development of retail trading network of Belarus by results of the analysis of regulatory documents; defines the problems of development of the retail network of Belarus; a map of the SWOT-analysis of marketing conditions for the functioning of retail trade in Belarus.
2.1. APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS TO OPTIMIZE LOGISTICS BUSINESS PROCESSES
Authors: Михов О.М. , Барыкин С.Е. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассмотрены возможности использования машинного обучения для оптимизации бизнес-процессов производственного предприятия. Целью исследования является анализ направлений и возможностей оптимизации бизнес-процессов производственных предприятий посредством внедрения инструментов машинного обучения. В качестве результата исследования выступает алгоритм оптимизации бизнес-процессов производственного предприятия с помощью инструментария машинного обучения. Авторами разработано формализованное математическое описание цикличности логистических бизнес-процессов. Результаты можно распространить на решение проблемы машинного обучения, что позволит прогнозировать процессинговые параметры логистической деятельности.[1] Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований в рамках научного проекта №20-014-00029
The article discusses the possibilities of using machine learning to optimize the business processes of a manufacturing enterprise. The aim of the study is to analyze the directions and possibilities of optimizing the business processes of manufacturing enterprises through the introduction of machine learning tools. The result of the study is an algorithm for optimizing the business processes of a manufacturing enterprise using machine learning tools. The authors have developed a formalized mathematical description of the cyclical nature of logistics business processes. The results can be extended to solving the machine learning problem, which will allow predicting the processing parameters of logistics activities.
8.3. ANALYSIS OF SCIENTOMETRIC INDICATORS OF RESEARCH WORKS IN THE FIELD OF COMPETITION DEVELOPMENT WITH SCIVAL TOOLS
Authors: Атюнькина И.Н. 
Published: February 2022

При помощи инструмента SciVal проводится анализ научных публикаций в области развития конкуренции на основании наукометрических показателей. Понятие “конкуренция” рассматривается как борьба за блага, представляющие особый интерес, и как тип рыночной структуры. Были определены ключевые слова для поиска, который проводится по различным показателям (количество научных публикаций, средневзвешанный показатель по цитированию, ключевые релевантные фразы, активные страны, авторы и др.). Основной временной интервал для анализа – с 01.01.2015 г. по 28.10.2020 г.
The SciVal tool is used to analyze scientific publications in the field of competition development based on scientometric indicators. The concept of “competition " is considered as a struggle for goods of particular interest, and as a type of market structure. Keywords are identified for the search, which is carried out on various indicators (the number of scientific publications, field-weighted citation impact, key relevant phrases, active countries, authors, etc.). The main time interval for the analysis is the period from 01.01.2015 to 28.10.2020.
RESEARCH OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING BASED ON ENERGY SERVICE
Authors: Иванова Е.Г. , Барыкин С.Е. , Бородина К.А. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассмотрена деятельность энергосервисных компаний, которая построена на энергосбережении и направлена на экономию энергоресурсов и на повышение энергоэффективности. Также в статье описаны источники инвестирования проектов энергосервисных компаний и какие конкретно услуги предоставляют энергосервисные компании. Приводится определение энергосервисного контракта и рассматриваются виды энергосервисных контрактов. Построены схемы простой логистической цепи, традиционной логистической цепи с информационно-логистическим центром, звеньями которых являются заказчик, энергосервисная компания, банк/инвестор, поставщик ресурсов, потребитель/заказчик. Сделаны выводы о взаимосвязи энергосбережения, качества и инвестиций. Проведен научный поиск нового подхода к построению логистической цепи – сетевого управления логистической системы энергосервиса, в котором звенья располагаются вокруг ядра, являющегося информационно-логистическим центром. Показано, что сетевое управления логистической системой позволяет контролировать действия всех участников цепи, координировать их действия, а также отслеживать качества продукции/услуг.
The article discusses the activities of energy service companies, which is built on energy conservation and is aimed at saving energy resources and improving energy efficiency. The article also describes the sources of investment projects of energy service companies and what specific services are provided by energy service companies. The definition of an energy service contract is given and the types of energy service contracts are considered. Schemes of a simple logistic chain, a traditional logistic chain with an information and logistic center were built, the links of which are the customer, energy service company, bank / investor, resource provider, consumer / customer. Conclusions are drawn on the relationship between energy conservation, quality and investment. Attention is paid to finding a new approach to the construction of the logistics chain: network management of the energy service logistics system, in which the links are located around the core, which is the information and logistics center. It is proved that network management of the logistics system allows you to control the actions of all participants in the chain, coordinate their actions, and also monitor the quality of products / services.
4.2. THE BALANCE OF THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUDGET POLICY
Authors: Сугарова И.В. 
Published: February 2022

В статье исследуется проблематика функционирующей бюджетной системы в рамках ее сбалансированности и консолидированности, а также реализующейся бюджетной политики. Аргументируется необходимость исследовательских задач в аспектах централизации и децентрализации бюджетных решений, нахождения наилучших вариантов сбалансированности и консолидированности бюджетной системы и реализации бюджетной политики.
The article examines the problems of the functioning budget system within the framework of its balance and consolidation, as well as the budget policy being implemented.The necessity of research tasks in the aspects of centralization and decentralization of budget decisions, finding the best options for balancing and consolidating the budget system and implementing budget policy is argued.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE OPERATIONS OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Орлова Е.Р. , Кудрявцев П.Е. 
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты внедрения в деятельность таможенных органов цифровых технологий. На основании проведенного исследования была оценена эффективности используемых цифровых технологий за период с 2003 по 2019 год. Кроме того, в статье проведен анализ международного опыта таможенного администрирования в условиях функционирования цифровой экономики на примере США и Китая. На основе этого опыта сформированы рекомендации по повышению эффективности функционирования цифровой таможни в России.
The article presents the results of the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of customs authorities; an analysis of quantitative indicators is carried out, allowing to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the implemented technologies, starting from 2003 and ending with 2019. In addition, the analysis of the international experience of customs administration in the conditions of the functioning of the digital economy was carried out on the example of the United States and China, on the basis of which recommendations acceptable for the Russian Federation were formed on improving the efficiency of the functioning of the digital customs.
Plaider l’Europe sociale contre l’Europe du marché
Authors: Louis Julien 
Published: February 2022

L’article prend pour objet les processus de cadrage des affaires « Viking » et « Laval » réalisés par la Confédération européenne des syndicats lors de leur examen par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne en 2005-2006. Jugées en décembre 2007, les deux affaires sont devenues un symbole majeur du déficit social de l’intégration européenne, en raison de la primauté donnée par les juges aux libertés économiques sur les droits syndicaux. Par l’analyse de la construction de la cause de l’Europe sociale contre l’Europe du marché, cette étude rend compte des opérations de cadrage effectuées par les syndicalistes européens et leurs juristes en amont des verdicts, des logiques qui les mènent à entreprendre ce travail de mise en forme symbolique des litiges, et du contexte politique européen dans lequel cette mobilisation s’inscrit.
Epidemiology and clinical profile of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of Jamnagar, Gujarat
Authors: Mehta Manish N. , Vadhvana Sneha K. , Trivedi Ami H. 
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the epidemic of the 21st century.

Aims:
As our stressful and irregular lifestyle has ignited its incidence and prevalence. We have studied epidemiology of type 2 DM patients at Guru Govind Singh Government Hospital, Gujarat, India. Both outdoor patients and indoor patients having first time detected DM type 2 are enrolled for this study. we studied epidemiology of clinical profile of newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus patients came to Guru Govind Government Hospital Jamnagar.

Materials and Methods:
We studied a total of 225 patients. All patients were examined thoroughly with consent for clinical features, past history, microvascular and macrovascular complications and general as well as systemic examination.

Results:
All patients are benefited as the complications of DM are picked up early and timely treated. Other than this, all patients were counselled and educated about DM and its complications and lifestyle modification.

Conclusion:
We found that DM type 2 is the most common in the middle age population of the urban area. Patients are having body mass index 25–30. Patients are also having other co-morbidity such as hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
The effect of using adjuvant aromatase inhibitors on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Ilhan Rukiye Guler , Ilhan Yusuf , Goksu Sema Sezgin , Tatli Ali Murat , Coskun Hasan Senol 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are effective treatment options for both early-stage and advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Because of AIs are used long term in adjuvant therapy, side effects are also very important. It is considered that AIs may affect cognitive functions by decreasing the level of estrogen in the brain. The purpose of our study is that evaluate the relationship between duration of treatment and cognitive functions in patients with breast cancer who use AIs in adjuvant therapy.

Methods:
Two-hundred patients diagnosed with breast cancer who were treated with AIs as adjuvant treatment were included. The patients were surveyed for demographic characteristics. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMT) tests were performed to evaluate patients’ cognitive functions. The total scores of the tests and the orientation, short-time memory, visuospatial functions, attention, language, executive functions which are the MoCA subscales were evaluated separately. Patients were grouped as 0–6, 6–12, 12–24, 24–36, 36, and more months according to the duration of AIs using time.

Results:
The total MoCA and SMMT scores were affected by factors such as age, education level, and employment status. There was no relationship between duration of treatment and cognitive functions in patients with breast cancer who use AIs in adjuvant therapy (P > 0.05). In addition, no statistically relationship was found in the evaluation of MoCA subscales (P > 0.05).

Discussion:
Prolonged adjuvant treatment with AIs does not affect cognitive functions in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients.
Open-source Smartphone Adapter in Digital Photomicrography
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat 
Published: February 2022

Background and aim:
Smartphones can be used to capture images from the microscope. There are commercial and homemade adapters that can be used to overcome the difficulty of focusing on a smartphone camera. We conducted this study to test if the usage of a homemade adapter reduces the time and effort of the operator in comparison to the free-hand technique in smartphone photomicrography.

Materials and Methods:
We made a simple smartphone adapter for digital photomicrography. Thirty-two operators first captured the image on the smartphone with the free-hand technique and then with the adapter thrice from a microscope. The time for focusing was compared statistically by paired t-test. A survey was conducted to know operators's opinions on adapter-assisted photomicrography.

Result:
All the participants were able to capture images from the microscopes. The average time for focusing with adapter was (11.89 ± 4.19 seconds) significantly (P = 0.0001) lower than the free-hand technique (25.56±11.81 seconds). However, the images yielded from both techniques were of equal quality. The majority of the participant found the method to be easy and reduce their effort in focusing and capturing an image.

Conclusion:
Low-cost homemade smartphone adapter helps in reducing the time required for capturing an image from the microscope. It decreases the effort of the operator in comparison to the free-hand technique. Hence, it may be a good choice for those who need to capture images from the microscopes frequently for either telemedicine or research purpose in resource-limited settings.
Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Sofi Mushtaq Ahmad , Mir Mohmad Hussain , Fatima Kaneez , Andleeb Asifa , Siraj Farhana , Dar Nazir Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare tumor mostly involving head and neck region of the body. Due to lack of high-quality evidence, optimal treatment is still controversial and continues to evolve over time.

Aim and Objectives:
To analyze the clinicoepidemiological profile of ACC in Kashmir.

Materials and Methods:
Data of 30 patients, who were treated in the Regional Cancer Center at She-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University, Srinagar) between January 2015 and December 2019, were reviewed with respect to their demographic and clinical profile.

Results:
The study included 30 patients with ACC. The mean age at presentation was 55 ± 12.15 years. There were 10 (33.3%) males and 20 (66.6%) females. Among salivary gland ACC s, sublingual gland (06/30, 20%) was the most common site followed by parotid gland (05/30, 16.7%). Nonhead and neck primary ACC cases were reported from lung (6.7%) and breast (6.7%). Majority of the patients presented in stage-III (43.3). Only 5 patients presented with distant metastasis. All patients were subjected to surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given in 18 patients (60%). Three patients received all three modalities (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). The overall one year survival was 96%. However, the mean & median survivals reported were 24 & 18 months respectively. Surgery with negative surgical margin is the first choice of treatment for the patients with ACC. Our findings show that the prognosis of patients with ACC in our center is comparable to other parts of country.

Conclusion:
ACC has locally aggressive behavior. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves local control in locally advanced disease. Longer follow-up is mandatory in view of incidence of late metastasis.
Radiation exposure among anesthetist, orthopedic surgeon, and scrub nurse in orthopedic operation theater complex
Authors: Tandale Sushama Raghunath , Gavali Yogesh , Naik Sanyogita , Chandanwale Ajay , Kelkar Kalpana Vinod , Kelkar Vidya S. , Pandit Savita 
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:
Orthopedic operation theater staff is exposed to primary and scattered radiation during various fluoroscopy-assisted operative procedures during their routine working hours. This exposure is associated with significant health hazard. This prospective study is designed primarily to determine the level of radiation exposure among them and to compare it with the current safety guidelines and secondarily to measure the cumulative scattered radiation exposure inside operation theater complex.

Subjects and Methods:
Total 15 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used during the study. Seven TLDs were used per team and per procedure at designated position. Participating staff were instructed to use personal protective equipment and to wear the TLDs at all times during their study period. TLDs were analyzed at the end of 6 months.

Results:
The mean value of radiation exposure of anesthesia machine, orthopedic surgeon, anesthetist with TLD above lead apron, anesthetist with TLD below lead apron, and scrub nurse was 0.05, 1.85, 0.1, 0, and 0.625 mSv units, respectively. The highest individual values for orthopedic surgeon, anesthetist with TLD above the lead apron, and scrub nurse were 2.75, 0.1, and 0.7 mSv units, respectively. All these readings were within permissible limit.

Conclusions:
If standard safety precautions were followed, cumulative ionizing radiation exposure to participating staff as well as scattered radiation exposure within operation theater complex is minimal and within permissible limit. Routine personal dosimetric monitoring is desirable in staff working with fluoroscopy-guided procedure along with the use of personal protective equipment. Periodic training on radiation risk and protection should be conducted for them to heighten the awareness.