bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating human memory for complex scenes with artificially generated images
Authors: Kyle-Davidson Cameron , Bors Adrian G. , Evans Karla K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisual memory schemas (VMS) are two-dimensional memorability maps that capture the most memorable regions of a given scene, predicting with a high degree of consistency human observer’s memory for the same images. These maps are hypothesized to correlate with a mental framework of knowledge employed by humans to encode visual memories. In this study, we develop a generative model we term ‘MEMGAN’ constrained by extracted visual memory schemas that generates completely new complex scene images that vary based on their degree of predicted memorability. The generated populations of high and low memorability images are then evaluated for their memorability using a human observer experiment. We gather VMS maps for these generated images from participants in the memory experiment and compare these with the intended target VMS maps. Following the evaluation of observers’ memory performance through both VMS-defined memorability and hit rate, we find significantly superior memory performance by human observers for the highly memorable generated images compared to poorly memorable. Implementing and testing a construct from cognitive science allows us to generate images whose memorability we can manipulate at will, as well as providing a tool for further study of mental schemas in humans.
Highly accurate machine learning prediction of crystal point groups for ternary materials from chemical formula
Authors: Alsaui Abdulmohsen , Alqahtani Saad M. , Mumtaz Faisal , Ibrahim Alsayoud G. , Mohammed Alghadeer , Muqaibel Ali H. , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Baloch Ahmer A. B. , Alharbi Fahhad H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics is to predict crystal structure just from the chemical formula of the material. In this work, we present a robust machine learning (ML) predictor for the crystal point group of ternary materials (A$$_l$$

l

B$$_m$$

m

C$$_n$$

n

) - as first step to predict the structure - with very small set of ionic and positional fundamental features. From ML perspective, the problem is strenuous due to multi-labelity, multi-class, and data imbalance. The resulted prediction is very reliable as high balanced accuracies are obtained by different ML methods. Many similarity-based approaches resulted in a balanced accuracy above 95% indicating that the physics is well captured by the reduced set of features; namely, stoichiometry, ionic radii, ionization energies, and oxidation states for each of the three elements in the ternary compound. The accuracy is not limited by the approach; but rather by the limited data points and we should expect higher accuracy prediction by having more reliable data.
Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes
Authors: Naler Lynette B. , Hsieh Yuan-Pang , Geng Shuo , Zhou Zirui , Li Liwu , Lu Chang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
Ultralong-lifetime Ti/RuO2–IrO2@Pt anodes with a strong metal–support interaction for efficient electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid
Authors: Zhou Jianjun , Wang Tian , Cheng Cheng , Pan Fan , Zhu Yunqing , Ma Hongrui , Niu Junfeng 
Published: January 2022

A novel Pt/Ru–Ir oxide catalyst has been successfully synthesized for efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid, a refractory organic pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns.
Lassa virus glycoprotein complex review: insights into its unique fusion machinery
Authors: Pennington Hallie N. , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), an arenavirus endemic to West Africa, causes Lassa fever—a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Entry of LASV into the host cell is mediated by the glycoprotein complex (GPC), which is the only protein located on the viral surface and comprises three subunits: glycoprotein 1 (GP1), glycoprotein 2 (GP2), and a stable signal peptide (SSP). The LASV GPC is a class one viral fusion protein, akin to those found in viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, Ebola virus (EBOV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These viruses are enveloped and utilize membrane fusion to deliver their genetic material to the host cell. Like other class one fusion proteins, LASV-mediated membrane fusion occurs through an orchestrated sequence of conformational changes in its GPC. The receptor-binding subunit, GP1, first engages with a host cell receptor then undergoes a unique receptor switch upon delivery to the late endosome. The acidic pH and change in receptor result in the dissociation of GP1, exposing the fusion subunit, GP2, such that fusion can occur. These events ultimately lead to the formation of a fusion pore so that the LASV genetic material is released into the host cell. Interestingly, the mature GPC retains its SSP as a third subunit—a feature that is unique to arenaviruses. Additionally, the fusion domain contains two separate fusion peptides, instead of a standard singular fusion peptide. Here, we give a comprehensive review of the LASV GPC components and their unusual features.
Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Zhang Xinyu , Su Jianqing , Chu Xiuling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Here, we study the therapeutic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids (ASTFs) using a mouse intestinal inflammation model. The inflammation model used in the present study was developed through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mice. The experimental mice were divided into a control group, model group (10 mg/kg LPS), dexamethasone group (1 mg/kg DEX) and ASTF low-, medium- and high-dosage groups (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively). The morphological and structural changes in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum were observed using HE staining. The number of intestinal goblet cells (GCs) was calculated based on PAS staining. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the related mRNA expression level were measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, p65 and p-p65 were measured using Western blotting. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial taxa were amplified and analyzed to assess changes in the intestinal microbes of LPS-induced mice and also in response to regulation by ASTF. Following intervention with ASTF, different therapeutic effects were shown according to the various dosages tested, all of which resulted in improved intestinal morphology and an increased number of intestinal GCs, while the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and TNF-α and the related mRNA expression level were significantly reduced. The TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65/p-65 protein expression levels were also significantly reduced. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results show that LPS disrupts the structure of mouse gut microbes, though we observed that normal microbial status can be restored through ASTF intervention.
An improved Monte Carlo localization using optimized iterative closest point for mobile robots
Authors: Ying Wenjian , Sun Shiyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper details a solution of fusing combination features, Iterative Closest Point (ICP) and Monte Carlo algorithm, in order to solve the problem that mobile robot positioning is easy to fail in a dynamic environment. Firstly, an ICP algorithm based on the maximum common combination feature is proposed to provide a more stable observation point information and therefore avoids the problem of local extremes and obtains more accurate matching results. A novel proposal distribution is then designed and auxiliary particles are used, so that the particle sets are distributed in high‐observational areas closer to the true posterior probability of the state. Finally, the experimental results on the public datasets show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate in these environments.
Applying a decision model based on multiple criteria decision making methods to evaluate the influence of digital transformation technologies on enterprise architecture principles
Authors: Hannemann Izabelle , Rodrigues Sarah , Loures Eduardo , Deschamps Fernando , Cestari Jose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganisations all over the world are going through the process of digital transformation (DT). Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a method and an organising principle that aligns the business's objectives and strategies with the Information Technology strategy and execution plan. EA provides a guide to direct the evolution and transformation of enterprises with technology. The EA principles are one of the key concepts in the definition of EA; they assist in recognizing the organization vision and validating the outcomes. However, the lack of adequate instruments for assessing the current state and identifying opportunities for EA management procedures improvement often leave organisations unsure of where to begin improving their procedures. The aim of this paper is to help organisations identify these improvement opportunities. To do so, a decision model was developed to evaluate the influence DT technologies have on the EA principles proposed by The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). A literature review was conducted, and five main DT Technologies applied in the EA scope were identified. With that, a decisional model was created based on two decision‐making methods called Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and PROMETHEE. The 21 architecture principles proposed by TOGAF were evaluated and the influence the technologies exercised on the principles were identified. As a result, Big Data and Cloud Computing technologies were indicated as having the greatest effect over the analysed principles, therefore concluding that when applied in the EA scope, these technologies can help organisations improve their EA procedures.
Experimentation framework for wireless communication systems under jamming scenarios
Authors: Jacovic Marko , Liston Michael J. , Pano Vasil , Mainland Geoffrey , Dandekar Kapil R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyber‐physical systems (CPS) integrate control, sensing, and processing into interconnected physical components to support applications within transportation, energy, healthcare, environment, and various other areas. Secure and reliable wireless communication between devices is necessary to enable the widespread adoption of these emerging technologies. Cyber‐physical systems devices must be protected against active threats, such as Radio Frequency (RF) Jammers, which intentionally disrupt communication links. Jamming detection and mitigation techniques must be evaluated extensively to validate algorithms prior to full implementation. Challenges related to obtaining zoning permits, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) pilot certification for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licencing lead to evaluation limited to simulation‐based or simplistic, non‐representative hardware experimentation. A site‐specific ray‐tracing emulation framework is presented to provide a realistic evaluation of communication devices under RF jamming attacks in complex scenarios involving mobility, vehicular, and UAV systems. System architecture and capabilities are provided for the devices under test, real‐world jamming adversaries, channel modelling, and channel emulation. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the use of the framework for different applications and jamming threats. The experimental results illustrate the benefit of the ray‐tracing emulation system for conducting complex wireless communication studies under the presence of RF jamming.
Anisotropic nonthermal motions in the transition region of solar active regions
Authors: Mou Chaozhou , Peter Hardi , Xia Lidong , Huang Zhenghua 
Published: January 2022

Context. We study the nonthermal motions in the transition region of active regions (ARs) using center-to-limb observations of Si IV 1394 Å and 1403 Å lines.
Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of nonthermal motions in the transition region of ARs using the center-to-limb measurement.
Methods. We used Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) observations of the Si IV doublet lines 1393.78 Å and 1402.77 Å from the transition region of ARs to analyze nonthermal motions. We compared our analyzed data to similar data for the quiet Sun (QS) regions. We derive the nonthermal width by performing a single Gaussian fitting on the average spectral line profiles of Si IV doublet lines. We carried out a statistical analysis of the nonthermal width using the center-to-limb measurement.
Results. We find that the nonthermal motions are clearly decreasing on the disk with increasing distance from disk center. Only close to the limb, clearly beyond μ = 0.4, does the nonthermal broadening increase again towards the limb. The decrease in the nonthermal broadening in ARs away from disk center is markedly different from what is seen in the QS.
Conclusions. We conclude that nonthermal motions are anisotropic in ARs, with the vertical component being greater than the horizontal one. In contrast, we find the situation in the QS to be consistent with the findings of previous studies; only opacity effects are responsible for the increase in the nonthermal widths towards the limb, and nonthermal motions are isotropic in the QS.
Aerobic Adaptations to Resistance Training: The Role of Time under
Tension
Authors: Mang Zachary Aaron , Ducharme Jeremy B. , Mermier Christine , Kravitz Len , de Castro Magalhaes Flavio , Amorim Fabiano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenerally, skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are perceived through a
dichotomous lens where the metabolic stress imposed by aerobic training leads to
increased mitochondrial adaptations while the mechanical tension from resistance
training leads to myofibrillar adaptations. However, there is emerging evidence
for cross over between modalities where aerobic training stimulates traditional
adaptations to resistance training (e.g., hypertrophy) and resistance training
stimulates traditional adaptations to aerobic training (e.g., mitochondrial
biogenesis). The latter is the focus of the current review in which we propose
high-volume resistance training (i.e., high time under tension) leads to aerobic
adaptations such as angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased
oxidative capacity. As time under tension increases, skeletal muscle energy
turnover, metabolic stress, and ischemia also increase, which act as signals to
activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
1-alpha, which is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. For
practical application, the acute stress and chronic adaptations to three
specific forms of high-time under tension are also discussed: Slow-tempo,
low-intensity resistance training, and drop-set resistance training. These
modalities of high-time under tension lead to hallmark adaptations to resistance
training such as muscle endurance, hypertrophy, and strength, but little is
known about their effect on traditional aerobic training adaptations.
Vascular Architecture Characters and Changes of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease after Combined Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ma Yan , Lu Xia , Zeng Gao , Yang Bin , Jiao Liqun , Ling Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective We aimed to analyze the angioarchitecture characters and changes after combined bypass surgery (CBS) in pediatric moyamoya disease (MMD).
Methods We retrospectively analyzed our database of consecutive patients with moyamoya angiopathy who received treatment. Only pediatric MMD cases aged between 3 and 19 years with pre- and post-operative imaging examinations including digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. The main trunk vessels' stenosis and the collaterals from the superficial-meningeal system and deep parenchymal system were evaluated before and after CBS.
Results During short-term follow-up period after the unilateral CBS, the stenosis of main trunk vessels both in operative (5.7 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 1.8; p < 0.001) and non-operative hemisphere (non-operative side 4.3 ± 1.9 vs. 5.7 ± 2.1; p < 0.001) progressed obviously. During the median follow-up period of 28.5 months after CBS, the decrease of posterior cerebral artery middle cerebral artery (PCA-MCA) anastomoses was much more significant (26 vs. 6, p < 0.001) than that of the PCA anterior cerebral artery anastomoses (18 vs. 19, p = 0.807). Meanwhile, the subependymal anastomotic network could be relieved obviously (27 vs. 2, p < 0.001), while the inner thalamic and striatal anastomotic network showed no significant change (31 vs. 25, p = 0.109).
Conclusions The successful CBS could decrease the collaterals from the PCA-MCA leptomeningeal system and the subependymal compensations in deep parenchyma significantly, while the main trunk stenosis would aggravate rapidly both in operative and non-operative hemisphere in short-term follow-up after unilateral CBS. Therefore, strict and regular follow-ups for the changes of vascular architecture and prompt surgical intervention for the contralateral side might be of benefit to pediatric MMD.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Optimization of Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Abouelhassan Yasmeen P. , Nicolau David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are correlated with high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, the administration of antibiotic therapy with appropriate dosing regimen is critical. An efficient antibiotic is needed to maintain an adequate concentration at the infection site, for a sufficient period of time, to achieve the best therapeutic outcome. It can, however, be challenging for antibiotics to penetrate the pulmonary system due to the complexity of its structure. Crossing the blood alveolar barrier is a difficult process determined by multiple factors that are either drug related or infection related. Thus, the understanding of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of antibiotics identifies the optimum dosing regimens to achieve drug penetration into the epithelial lining fluid at adequate therapeutic concentrations. Critically ill patients in the ICU can express augmented renal clearance (ARC), characterized by enhanced renal function, or may have renal dysfunction necessitating supportive care such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Both ARC and CRRT can alter drug elimination, thus affecting drug concentrations. PK of critically ill patients is less clear due to the multiple variabilities associated with their condition. Therefore, conventional dosing regimens often lead to therapeutic failure. Another major hurdle faced in optimizing treatment for HAP/VAP is the reduction of the in vitro potency. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), if available, may allow health care providers to personalize treatment to maximize efficacy of the drug exposures while minimizing toxicity. TDM can be of significant importance in populations whom PK are less defined and for resistant infections to achieve the best therapeutic outcome.
Operating Room Noise and Team Communication during Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Levin Marc , Brace Matthew , Sommer Doron D. , Roskies Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOperating room (OR) noise contributes to team miscommunication. In facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS), many cases are completed under sedation. This creates a unique environment wherein patients are aware of OR noise. The objectives of this study were to quantify noise and evaluate team members' perspectives on communication inside of FPRS ORs. This study was completed across three surgical institutions. Objective noise measurements were recorded with SoundMeter X. A communication questionnaire was delivered to OR team members following each case. Four hundred and twenty-three noise measurements were recorded during facelift/neck, eye/brow, rhinoplasty, and fat transfer/lip surgeries. The mean and maximum noise levels were 66.1 dB (dB) and 87.6 dB, respectively. Measurements during cases with general anesthetic (221/423, 52.2%) had higher noise measurements (70.3 dB) compared with those with sedation (202/423, 47.8%) (69.7 dB) (p = 0.04). The OR was louder with suction on (72.3 dB) versus off (69.3 dB) (p <0.00). Suction (34.5%) and music (22.4%) were the largest noise contributors according to questionnaire replies. Intraoperative noise, awake patients, and suctions/music may negatively impact FPRS OR communication. Innovation to improve FPRS intraoperative communication should be considered for effective patient care.
The Role of Bracing in ACL Injuries: The Current Evidentiary State of Play
Authors: Ma Richard , Sheth Chirag , Fenkell Blake , Buyuk Abdul Fettah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and surgeries are both increasing in incidence. A notable rate of reinjury and failure does occur after ACL surgery. As a result, interventions that may reduce ACL injury or reinjury are needed and are active areas of innovation. Knee bracing as a strategy to either prevent primary ACL injury, reduce reinjury, or failure after ACL surgery is common. The evidence for bracing around ACL injuries is not straightforward. Clinicians therefore need to understand the relevant literature on bracing around ACL injuries to make personalized decisions for individuals who may be at risk for ACL injury. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on bracing for ACL injuries and summarize the current available clinical evidence for its use in ACL injuries.