bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting need for blood transfusion in paediatric patients undergoing open surgery for hip dysplasia
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Hensch Lisa A. H. , Bryant Brittany E. , Chandrakantan Arvind , Nguyen Hai‐Yen , Nathanson Brian H. , Rosenfeld Scott B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe management of intraoperative blood loss in the surgical treatment of paediatric hip dysplasia is resource intensive. There are numerous clinical factors that impact the need for intraoperative transfusion. Identification of patient and surgical factors associated with increased blood loss may reduce the unnecessary use of resources. This study aimed to identify factors predictive of intraoperative transfusion in children undergoing hip dysplasia surgery.Materials and MethodsThis is a single‐centre retrospective review of patients undergoing surgery for hip dysplasia from 1 January 2012 to 15 April 2021. Patient demographic factors, anaesthetic, surgical and transfusion histories were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion requirements during the intraoperative period.ResultsThis study includes 595 patients who underwent open surgery for hip dysplasia, including 297 (52.6%) classified as developmental dysplasia (DD) and 268 (47.3%) as neuromuscular (NM) with a mean age of 9.1 years (interquartile range 3–14). Intraoperative allogeneic transfusion was identified in 26/297 (8.8%) DD and 73/268 (27.2%) NM patients. Adjusted factors associated with increased odds of intraoperative transfusion were NM (odds ratio [OR] = 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.76, 5.00]) and the number of osteotomies performed (OR = 1.82/osteotomy, 95% CI [1.40, 2.35]). Adjusted factors that reduced the odds of transfusion were the use of antifibrinolytics (OR = 0.35, 95% CI [0.17, 0.71]) and regional anaesthesia (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.29, 0.94]).ConclusionFor children undergoing surgery for hip dysplasia, the number of osteotomies performed is predictive of the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Antifibrinolytics and regional anaesthesia are associated with reduced risk for allogeneic blood transfusion. Blood management initiatives, such a preoperative optimization of haemoglobin and the use of antifibrinolytics, could target patients at increased risk of intraoperative bleeding and transfusion.
Kedudukan Bahasa Arab dalam kalangan Masyarakat Kadazandusun Muslim di Daerah Ranau (The Position of Arabic Language in the Muslim Kadazandusun Society of Ranau District)
Authors: Mohd. Yazid Mohd. Taqwudin , Sintang Suraya , Abas Asiah 
Published: October 2022

The arrival of Islam in Ranau district has brought about significant effects on the variety of religious lives led by the local people, specifically the Kadazandusun society. The Kadazandusun people who accepted Islam as a way of life uses Arabic due to a reciprocative relationship among Islam, the Arabic language and the local cultures. This study attempted to determine the position of the Arabic language among the muslim Kadazandusun through an investigation of the reciprocative relationship of the three factors mentioned previously on the use of Arabic language. The first objective of the study is to identify the purposes of using Arabic in the daily life of the muslim Kadazandusun people. In addition to that, the second objective is to discern the perceptions of the muslim Kadazandusun people on the use of Arabic. The quantitative study utilised a survey questionnaire as a data collection instrument, and the data were analysed descriptively using frequency and percentages. Data collection was based on random sampling involving 392 respondents among the muslim Kadazandusun in Ranau, which comprised people of various backgrounds. Findings reveal that Arabic is solely used for religious purpose and not in daily communication, and the perception of the people on Arabic is very favourable. It is recommended that future studies be conducted to understand how Arabic language learning modules for religious purposes can be improved by taking into account suggestions from the local Kadazandusun society.
Experimental Analysis and Constitutive Modeling of Cyclic Behavior of 304 L Stainless Steel: Introduction of Isotropic Hardening Fading Effect
Authors: Rajaeian M. , Parsa M. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steel 304 L under low cycle fatigue was investigated under different uni-axial strain-controlled loadings of 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, and 1.5%. The analysis of the experimentally determined strain versus stress hysteresis curves was carried out to achieve stress quantities such as amplitude stress, peak effective stress, and peak back stress. It was observed that in the early stage of cyclic loading, material underwent initial hardening, followed by softening phenomena which were more considerable in the lower strain range. Before the failure, the secondary hardening was observed at the final stage. In addition to accumulated plastic strain, it was shown that the peak back stress and peak effective stress which is associated with isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening behavior, respectively, are influenced by the strain range effect. Therefore, the coefficient of recall term that appeared in the Armstrong–Frederick nonlinear kinematic hardening model was considered to be dependent on the radius of the memory surface. Furthermore, to increase the ability of the plasticity constitutive model to show a smooth transition between various hardening stages, the radius of the yield surface which is associated with the isotropic hardening rule was equipped with the fading effect. Finally, by the comparison of numerical and experimental results, the capability of the rate-dependent constitutive model over classical rate-independent plasticity in the prediction of mechanical behavior of steel 304 L under strain-controlled cyclic loading was revealed.
An Investigation of Non-Linear Surge Characteristic in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Hayashi Yoshihiro , Cao Teng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In centrifugal compressors, it is common to observe a rapid reduction in surge margin toward high rotational speed, which shows a non-linear surge characteristic against the change of rotational speed. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical study to understand the flow mechanisms leading to the non-linear surge behavior in a high-speed centrifugal compressor. It shows that for the studied compressor, there are two critical flow coefficients (ϕ = 0.255 and 0.136) where the stability of the compressor stage is significantly weakened. At a higher speed, the impeller rotating stall happens at the first critical point where the diffuser instability is also enhanced. This is caused by the increase of the flow non-uniformity at the impeller exit as well as increased diffuser inflow angle due to the impeller compressibility effect. Therefore, both the impeller and diffuser’s instability are matched and trigger the surge at a high flow coefficient. In contrast, at a lower speed, the diffuser instability is not enhanced by the impeller rotating stall, this mismatch of the two component’s instability allows the compressor to pass through the first critical point and extend the surge limit to the second critical point where the diffuser reaches the stability limit and causes the rotating stall spontaneously. By these different behaviors at each speed, the non-linearity of the surge characteristic is established.
Economic evaluations of fall prevention exercise programs: a systematic review
Authors: Pinheiro Marina B , Sherrington Catherine , Howard Kirsten , Caldwell Patrick , Tiedemann Anne , Wang Belinda , S Oliveira Juliana , Santos Andreia , Bull Fiona C , Willumsen Juana F , Michaleff Zoe A , Ferguson Sarah , Mayo Eleesheva , Fairhall Nicola J , Bauman Adrian E , Norris Sarah 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate cost-effectiveness and costs of fall prevention exercise programmes for older adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, National Institute for Health Research Economic Evaluation Database, Health Technology Assessment database, Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, Research Papers in Economics and EconLit (inception to May 2022).Eligibility criteria for study selectionEconomic evaluations (trial-based or model-based) and costing studies investigating fall prevention exercise programmes versus no intervention or usual care for older adults living in the community or care facilities, and reporting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for fall-related outcomes or quality-adjusted life years (QALY, expressed as cost/QALY) and/or intervention costs.Results31 studies were included. For community-dwelling older adults (21 economic evaluations, 6 costing studies), results ranged from more effective and less costly (dominant) interventions up to an ICER of US$279 802/QALY gained and US$11 986/fall prevented (US$ in 2020). Assuming an arbitrary willingness-to-pay threshold (US$100 000/QALY), most results (17/24) were considered cost-effective (moderate certainty). The greatest value for money (lower ICER/QALY gained and fall prevented) appeared to accrue for older adults and those with high fall risk, but unsupervised exercise appeared to offer poor value for money (higher ICER/QALY). For care facilities (two economic evaluations, two costing studies), ICERs ranged from dominant (low certainty) to US$35/fall prevented (moderate certainty). Overall, intervention costs varied and were poorly reported.ConclusionsMost economic evaluations investigated fall prevention exercise programmes for older adults living in the community. There is moderate certainty evidence that fall prevention exercise programmes are likely to be cost-effective. The evidence for older adults living in care facilities is more limited but promising.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO 2020 CRD42020178023.
Between Principle and Pragmatism: Reflections on Prototyping Computational Media with Webstrates
Authors: Borowski Marcel , Fog Bjarke V. , Griggio Carla F. , Eagan James R. , Klokmose Clemens N. 
Published: October 2022

Computational media describes a vision of software, which, in contrast to application-centric software, is (1) malleable, so users can modify existing functionality, (2) computable, so users can run custom code, (3) distributable, so users can open documents across different devices, and (4) shareable, so users can easily share and collaborate on documents. Over the last ten years, the Webstrates and Codestrates projects aimed at realizing this vision of computational media. Webstrates is a server application that synchronizes the DOM of websites. Codestrates builds on top of Webstrates and adds an authoring environment, which blurs the use and development of applications. Grounded in a chronology of the development of Webstrates and Codestrates, we present eight tensions that we needed to balance during their development. We use these tensions as an analytical lens in three case studies and a game challenge in which participants created games using Codestrates. We discuss the results of the game challenge based on these tensions and present key takeaways for six of them. Finally, we present six lessons learned from our endeavor to realize the vision of computational media, demonstrating the balancing act of weighing the vision against the pragmatics of implementing a working system.
Oncogenic Addiction of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Fusion Kinase DNAJB1-PRKACA
Authors: Neumayer Christoph , Ng Denise , Jiang Caroline S. , Qureshi Adam , Lalazar Gadi , Vaughan Roger , Simon Sanford M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Gene fusions are drivers of many pediatric tumors. In fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), a fusion of DNAJB1 and PRKACA is the dominant recurrent mutation. Expression of the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene in mice results in a tumor that recapitulates FLC. However, it is not known whether transient expression of DNAJB1-PRKACA is sufficient only to trigger tumor formation or whether ongoing expression is necessary for maintenance and progression.

Experimental Design:
We screened short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) tiled over the fusion junction and identified several potent and specific candidates in vitro and two independent FLC patient-derived xenografts (PDX).

Results:
We show that continued DNAJB1-PRKACA expression is not only required for continued tumor growth, but additionally its inhibition results in cell death. Inhibition of DNAJB1-PRKACA by an inducible shRNA in cells of PDX of FLC resulted in cell death in vitro. Induction of the shRNA inhibits FLC tumors growing in mice with no effect on xenografts from a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line engineered to express DNAJB1-PRKACA.

Conclusions:
Our results validate DNAJB1-PRKACA as the oncogene in FLC and demonstrate both a continued requirement for the oncogene for tumor growth as well as an oncogenic addiction that can be exploited for targeted therapies. We anticipate our approach will be useful for investigations of other fusion genes in pediatric cancers and spur development of precision therapies.
Ad hocAnalysis of the Phase III ENGOT-OV16/NOVA Study: Niraparib Efficacy in GermlineBRCAWild-type Recurrent Ovarian Cancer with Homologous Recombination Repair Defects
Authors: Mirza Mansoor Raza , Lindahl Gabriel , Mahner Sven , Redondo Andrés , Fabbro Michel , Rimel Bobbie J. , Herrstedt Jørn , Oza Amit M. , Canzler Ulrich , Berek Jonathan S. , González-Martín Antonio , Follana Phillipe , Lord Rosemary , Azodi Masoud , Estenson Kasey , Wang Zebin , Li Yong , Gupta Divya , Matulonis Ursula , Feng Bin 
Published: October 2022

In this analysis, we examined the relationship between progression-free survival (PFS) and mutation status of 18 homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes in patients in the non-germline BRCA-mutated (non-gBRCAm) cohort of the ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial (NCT01847274), which evaluated niraparib maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. This post hoc exploratory biomarker analysis was performed using tumor samples collected from 331 patients enrolled in the phase III ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial's non-gBRCAm cohort. Niraparib demonstrated PFS benefit in patients with either somatic BRCA-mutated (sBRCAm; HR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.08–0.88) or BRCA wild-type (BRCAwt; HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34–0.64) tumors. Patients with BRCAwt tumors with other non-BRCA HRR mutations also derived benefit from niraparib (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.77), as did patients with BRCAwt/HRRwt (HRR wild-type) tumors (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35–0.70). When patients with BRCAwt/HRRwt tumors were further categorized by genomic instability score (GIS), clinical benefit was observed in patients with homologous recombination–deficient (GIS ≥ 42; HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18–0.61) and in patients with homologous recombination–proficient (HRp; GIS &lt; 42; HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36–0.99) disease. Although patients with sBRCAm, other non-BRCA HRR mutations, or GIS ≥ 42 benefited the most from niraparib treatment, PFS benefit was also seen in HRp (GIS &lt; 42) patients without HRR mutations. These results support the use of niraparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA/HRR mutation status or myChoice CDx GIS.Significance:We retrospectively evaluated the mutational profile of HRR genes in tumor samples from 331 patients from the non-germline BRCA-mutated cohort of the phase III NOVA trial of patients with platinum-sensitive high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Patients with non-BRCA HRR mutations generally benefited from second-line maintenance treatment with niraparib compared with placebo.
Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Complications at Delivery Associated With Gestational Diabetes: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2004–2019)
Authors: Zahid Salman , Hashem Anas , Minhas Anum S. , Bennett Wendy L. , Honigberg Michael C. , Lewey Jennifer , Davis Melinda B. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with increased risk of long‐term cardiovascular complications. However, data on acute peripartum cardiovascular complications are not well established. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of GD with acute cardiovascular outcomes at the time of delivery admission.

Methods and Results

We used data from the National Inpatient Sample (2004–2019).
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
) or
Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) codes were used to identify delivery hospitalizations and GD diagnosis. A total of 63 115 002 weighted hospitalizations for deliveries were identified, of which 3.9% were among individuals with GD (n=2 435 301). The prevalence of both GD and obesity increased during the study period (
P
trends<0.01). Individuals with GD versus those without GD had a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. After adjustment for age, race or ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, and income, GD remained independently associated with cardiovascular complications including preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97 [95% CI, 1.96–1.98]), peripartum cardiomyopathy (aOR, 1.15 [1.08–1.22]), acute kidney injury (aOR, 1.16 [1.11–1.21]), stroke (aOR, 1.15 [1.09–1.23]), and arrhythmias (aOR, 1.48 [1.46–1.50]), compared with no GD. Moreover, delivery hospitalizations among individuals with GD were associated with increased length (3 versus 2 days,
P
<0.01) and cost of hospitalization ($4909 versus $3682,
P
<0.01). Even in the absence of preeclampsia, GD was associated with elevated cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions
Individuals with GD had a higher risk of preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury, stroke, and arrhythmias during delivery hospitalizations. As rates of GD are increasing globally, efforts to improve preconception cardiometabolic health and prevent GD may represent important strategies to improve peripartum maternal outcomes and mitigate long‐term cardiovascular risk.
The Cholinergic Pathway and MitoK
ATP
Induce UCP4 Expression Involved in Neuroprotection of FN Stimulation in Rats
Authors: Fukushi Yasuko , Golanov Eugene V. , Koizumi Shinichiro , Thura Min , Ihara Hayato , Yamamoto Seiji 
Published: October 2022

Background

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) reduces the infarct size induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. FN stimulation confers long‐lasting protection from brain injury; however, its underlying mechanism is not yet understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which FN stimulation exerts neuroprotection. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of FN stimulation involves activation of cholinergic pathways, which increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by opening mitochondrial K
+
ATP
channels, thus leading to an increase in UCP4 (uncoupling protein 4) expression and subsequent neuroprotection.

Methods
FN stimulation was performed for 1 hour in rats. The UCP4 protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blot, dot blot, and in situ hybridization. Carbachol was applied following UCP4‐promoter tdTomato reporter vector transfection of the rat primary cortical cell culture (in vitro) and rat brain (in vivo). We observed cellular UCP4 expression using fluorescence microscopy. UCP4 expression in the cell culture in response to diazoxide application was determined by a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Results

Whereas FN stimulation increased UCP4 protein and mRNA levels, carbachol administration induced UCP4 expression in vitro and in vivo. The attenuation of this effect by atropine suggests that FN‐induced UCP4 expression involves the cholinergic pathway. The opening of mitochondrial K
+
ATP
channels with diazoxide increased the production of ROS and led to increased UCP4 expression. In contrast, quenching ROS with superoxide dismutase reversed the effect of diazoxide on UCP4 expression. Therefore, the opening of mitochondrial K
+
ATP
channels increased ROS production, which subsequently enhanced UCP4 expression and attenuated ROS generation.

Conclusion

Neuroprotective effect of FN stimulation involves activation of the cholinergic pathways, which increases ROS production by opening mitochondrial K
+
ATP
channels, leading to increased expression of neuroprotective UCP4.
Impact of food availability and predator cues on meadow vole response to social vs. non-social odorants
Authors: Garris Sarah S. , Rohrer Karl N. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The risk of predation and food deprivation may alter the degree to which animals associate with conspecifics. We examined if food deprivation, the risk of predation, or simultaneous exposure to both altered meadow voles’ preference for odour cues in a way that adheres to the terminal investment, safety in numbers, or avoidance hypotheses. Satiated or food-deprived meadow voles were given the choice to investigate either opposite-sex conspecific bedding, same-sex conspecific bedding, clean bedding, or self-bedding when exposed to mink urine or olive oil. Mink urine and food deprivation did not impact the amount of time meadow voles spent with each type of bedding, but meadow voles did begin investigating more quickly when experiencing either or both stressors. However, food deprivation and mink urine did not have an additive impact on any measured variable. Further research is needed to determine if the terminal investment hypothesis is the hypothesis that best describes the mating behaviour of meadow voles facing one or multiple stressors.
Evaluation of commonly used nematicides with combined in in vitro and in planta bioassays
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xie Binbin , Huang Wenkun , Peng Huan , Jiang Ru , Gao Bingli , Peng Deliang 
Published: October 2022

Summary
For efficient use of available synthesised nematicides, bioassay-guided analysis is required to understand the behaviours of nematicides. In this study, the key nematicides on the market, including avermectin B1a, avermectin B2a, emamectin benzoate, fluensulfone, fluopyram and fosthiazate, were evaluated by both in vitro and in planta approaches with optimised solvent and nematode inoculum. We found that acetone was the only one of the six solvents tested safe for both root-knot nematode (RKN) second-stage juveniles (J2) and cucumber at the tested concentration. The optimal numbers of RKN J2 for inoculation on cucumber seedlings in the glass-tube assay, cup assay and microplot experiment were 200, 700 and 1250, respectively. No obvious phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in the in planta assays for all nematicides selected at the tested concentration in the soil drench application. When the substrate changed from pure sand to matrix-sand, the EC50 and EC90 of all six nematicides increased. Among them, fluopyram rose the most. In the microplot experiment, avermectin B2a showed the lowest EC50 but the EC90 of avermectin B2a, fluensulfone, fluopyram and fosthiazate were similar. The results are useful as a guide to the application of commonly used nematicides in the field.