bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent Control Status of Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure All Taken Using the Same Device: The HI–JAMP Study Baseline Data
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Hoshide Satoshi , Tomitani Naoko , Nishizawa Masafumi , Yoshida Tetsuro , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Fujiwara Takeshi , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Narita Keisuke , Komori Takahiro , Ogata Yukiyo , Suzuki Daisuke , Ogoyama Yukako , Ono Akifumi , Yamagiwa Kayo , Abe Yasuhisa , Nakazato Jun , Nakagawa Naoki , Katsuya Tomohiro , Harada Noriko , Kanegae Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Inconsistencies between the office and out-of-office blood pressure (BP) values (described as white-coat hypertension or masked hypertension) may be attributable in part to differences in the BP monitoring devices used.

METHODS
We studied consistency in the classification of BP control (well-controlled BP vs. uncontrolled BP) among office, home, and ambulatory BPs by using a validated “all-in-one” BP monitoring device. In the nationwide, general practitioner-based multicenter HI–JAMP study, 2,322 hypertensive patients treated with antihypertensive drugs underwent office BP measurements and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), consecutively followed by 5-day home BP monitoring (HBPM), for a total of seven BP measurement days.

RESULTS
Using the thresholds of the JSH2019 and ESC2018 guidelines, the patients with consistent classification of well-controlled status in the office (&lt;140 mmHg) and home systolic BP (SBP) (&lt;135 mmHg) (n = 970) also tended to have well-controlled 24-hour SBP (&lt;130 mmHg) (n = 808, 83.3%). The patients with the consistent classification of uncontrolled status in office and home SBP (n = 579) also tended to have uncontrolled 24-hour SBP (n = 444, 80.9%). Among the patients with inconsistent classifications of office and home BP control (n = 803), 46.1% had inconsistent ABPM-vs.-HBPM out-of-office BP control status. When the 2017 ACC/AHA thresholds were applied as an alternative, the results were essentially the same.

CONCLUSIONS
The combined assessment of the office and home BP is useful in clinical practice. Especially for patients whose office BP classification and home BP classification conflict, the complementary clinical use of both HBPM and ABPM might be recommended.
Examining the Moderating Role of Behavioral Willingness on Indirect Relations Between Alcohol Expectancies and Negative Consequences
Authors: King Scott E , Waddell Jack T , Corbin William R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol expectancies are directly linked to alcohol misuse and indirectly linked to negative consequences via use. Likewise, willingness to experience negative consequences imparts direct risk for negative consequences and may represent an important individual difference when predicting risky alcohol use. To date, no studies have examined how willingness to experience consequences may moderate relations between expectancies and alcohol use in the prediction of negative consequences. It is possible that those who expect appetitive effects and are high in willingness may discount the severity of negative consequences and drink more to realize positive expectations. Alternatively, those who expect aversive alcohol-related effects and are high in willingness may drink more to overcome negative experiences.

Methods
The current study tested these hypotheses in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 657) from a larger study focused on alcohol and cannabis co-use.

Results
Findings suggested that high-arousal positive expectancies (e.g. sociable, lively, talkative) function as a risk factor for negative consequences indirectly through heavier drinking, whereas low-arousal positive (e.g. mellow, relaxed) expectancies served as an indirect protective factor against negative consequences through lighter drinking. Willingness to experience negative consequences had direct and indirect effects on negative consequences through drinking but did not interact with alcohol expectancies.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates the utility of assessing the full range of alcohol expectancies and behavioral willingness in continued research into the dynamic nature of antecedents to alcohol misuse and negative consequences.
A Conceptual Framework to Integrate Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Ecosystem Service Models
Authors: Weiskopf Sarah R , Myers Bonnie J E , Arce-Plata Maria Isabel , Blanchard Julia L , Ferrier Simon , Fulton Elizabeth A , Harfoot Mike , Isbell Forest , Johnson Justin A , Mori Akira S , Weng Ensheng , HarmáCˇková Zuzana V , Londoño-Murcia María Cecilia , Miller Brian W , Pereira Laura M , Rosa Isabel M D 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal biodiversity and ecosystem service models typically operate independently. Ecosystem service projections may therefore be overly optimistic because they do not always account for the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecological functions. We review models used in recent global model intercomparison projects and develop a novel model integration framework to more fully account for the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function, a key gap for linking biodiversity changes to ecosystem services. We propose two integration pathways. The first uses empirical data on biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to bridge biodiversity and ecosystem function models and could currently be implemented globally for systems and taxa with sufficient data. We also propose a trait-based approach involving greater incorporation of biodiversity into ecosystem function models. Pursuing both approaches will provide greater insight into biodiversity and ecosystem services projections. Integrating biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem service modeling will enhance policy development to meet global sustainability goals.
Tau aggravates stress-induced anxiety by inhibiting adult ventral hippocampal neurogenesis in mice
Authors: Liu Hao , Yang Zhi , Yu Chunyan , Dong Hao , Wang Shiyan , Wang Gang , Wang Denian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVentral adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be a key factor in determining individual levels of vulnerability to stress and related psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the expression of Tau and Tau isoforms is markedly increased in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) after social defeat stress in young adult mice. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase-3β and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α activity and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-β upregulation substantially promote Tau phosphorylation, which disrupts the dendritic structural plasticity of granule cells in the vDG of the hippocampus, and this action is necessary and sufficient for the stress response. In addition, Tau substantially inhibits the proliferation of newborn neurons in the vDG by regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in a mouse model of social defeat stress. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Tau exacerbates stress responses and anxiety-related behavior by inhibiting the proliferation and maturation of hippocampal vDG neurons, providing a potential molecular target for the treatment of anxiety-like behavior induced by stress.
Should Linezolid Replace Clindamycin as the Adjunctive Antimicrobial of Choice in Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection and Toxic Shock Syndrome? A Focused Debate
Authors: Cortés-Penfield Nicolás , Ryder Jonathan H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) necrotizing soft tissue infections and toxic shock syndrome remain high-mortality conditions. In vitro and animal model data, as well as multiple observational studies, suggest adjunctive clindamycin (ie, given with a beta-lactam) reduces invasive GAS infection mortality by inhibiting exotoxin production. Unfortunately, clindamycin resistance in GAS has been rapidly increasing in the United States since the mid-2010s, although the clinical significance of this remains unclear. Linezolid is a promising alternative adjunctive agent to which US GAS isolates remain near-universally susceptible, with a similar mechanism of action and similar in vitro evidence of GAS virulence factor attenuation. However, the clinical data supporting linezolid's value in severe GAS infections are far more limited. Here the authors review the data and reasoning behind a general preference for clindamycin or linezolid in a focused, pro-con debate format.
Estimating Waning of Vaccine Effectiveness: A Simulation Study
Authors: Nikas Ariel , Ahmed Hasan , Zarnitsyna Veronika I 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Developing accurate and reliable methods to estimate vaccine protection is a key goal in immunology and public health. While several statistical methods have been proposed, their potential inaccuracy in capturing fast intraseasonal waning of vaccine-induced protection needs to be rigorously investigated.

Methods
To compare statistical methods for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE), we generated simulated data using a multiscale, agent-based model of an epidemic with an acute viral infection and differing extents of VE waning. We apply a previously proposed framework for VE measures based on the observational data richness to assess changes of vaccine-induced protection over time.

Results
While VE measures based on hard-to-collect information (eg, the exact timing of exposures) were accurate, usually VE studies rely on time-to-infection data and the Cox proportional hazards model. We found that its extension using scaled Schoenfeld residuals, previously proposed for capturing VE waning, was unreliable in capturing both the degree of waning and its functional form and identified the mathematical factors contributing to this unreliability. We showed that partitioning time and including a time-vaccine interaction term in the Cox model significantly improved estimation of VE waning, even in the case of dramatic, rapid waning. We also proposed how to optimize the partitioning scheme.

Conclusions
While appropriate for rejecting the null hypothesis of no waning, scaled Schoenfeld residuals are unreliable for estimating the degree of waning. We propose a Cox-model–based method with a time-vaccine interaction term and further optimization of partitioning time. These findings may guide future analysis of VE waning data.
Food and Drug Administration Approval of Artesunate for Severe Malaria: Enough to Achieve Best Practice?
Authors: Thomas Christine M , Stauffer William M , Alpern Jonathan D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intravenous artesunate has been the global standard of care for severe malaria for over 2 decades. Yet, until recently, artesunate has only been available to patients through an expanded-access protocol from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In May 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved artesunate, allowing US hospitals to stock the drug and ensuring prompt treatment for this life-threatening infection. However, because of artesunate's high cost and the infrequency of severe malaria in the United States, hospitals may be reluctant to stock the drug. As US health systems weigh the decision to stock artesunate, we propose a hospital tier framework to inform this decision and support clinicians caring for patients who present with severe malaria.
Strategic illiteracies: the long game of technology refusal and disconnection
Authors: Plaut Ethan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisconnection and avoidance have been theorized various ways, e.g., by analyzing communicative and non-communicative affordances of devices and platforms; categorizing tactics and patterns of non-use; and through analogy with historical ways of seeking solitude and resisting technologies. This article, however, treats history not only as a source of analogies for momentary disconnections, but also as a timescale on which to understand slower undercurrents of resistance. I define “strategic illiteracies” as: purposeful, committed refusals to learn expected communication and technology skills, not only as individual people in specific moments, but also in communities over time. This concept connects technology refusal to historical lineages of resistance to linguistic and orthographic imperialism, analyzing examples including the Greek alphabet in antiquity, Chinese characters in Asia, and the Latin alphabet through European colonization. This new framework and genealogy of avoidance and technology refusal elucidates ways forward, slowly, for successive generations to reclaim their communicative futures.
Immunomodulatory effect of different statin regimens on regulatory T-cells in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Greca Elona , Kacimi Ous , Poudel Sujan , Wireko Andrew Awuah , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Michel George , Marzban Sima , Michel Jack 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the effects of low-dose (20 mg/day or less) conventional statin therapy (CST) and high-dose (40 mg/day or more) intensive statin therapy (IST) on the frequency of Tregs and their associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β) compared with control.

Methods and results
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to identify relevant articles published until June 2021. We pooled data extracted from the included studies using the standardized mean difference (SMD). A random-effects model was used to conduct this NMA. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and the I2 test. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of the study. Data analysis was conducted using R software.
A total of 505 patients were enrolled in the five RCTs. NMA indicated a significant increase in Treg frequency in the CST group compared with the control group (SMD 1.77; 95% CI: 0.77–2.76; P = 0.0005) and a larger increase in the Treg frequency associated with the IST group compared with the control group (SMD 2.12; 95% CI: 1.15–3.10; P-value &lt; 0.0001). However, there was significant heterogeneity and inconsistency among the included studies [τ2 = 0.6096; τ = 0.7808; I2 = 91.2% (80.5%; 96.0%)]. When compared with control, both CST and IST increased the levels of secreted IL-10 (SMD 2.69; 95% CI: 2.07–3.31; P-value &lt; 0.0001 and SMD 2.14; 95% CI: 1.76–2.52; P-value &lt; 0.0001). Compared with the control group, CST was associated with increased levels of TGF-β (SMD 3.83; 95% CI: 0.63–7.0; P-value = 0.0189); this association was not seen in the IST group. IFN-γ levels decreased significantly in both the IST and CST groups (SMD −1.52; 95% CI: −1.94–1.10; P-value &lt; 0.0001 and SMD −2.34; 95% CI: −2.73–1.95; P-value &lt; 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion
The findings of our study indicated that both high- and low-dose statin groups increased Treg frequency compared with the control group. IST demonstrated greater benefits than CST. Furthermore, statin therapy increased IL-10 and TGF-β levels and decreased IFN-γ levels. Overall, these results have significant implications for patients with ACS who would benefit from Treg-induced immunomodulatory balance.
Effect of the LDL receptor mutation type on incident major adverse cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Paquette Martine , Carrié Alain , Bernard Sophie , Cariou Bertrand , Hegele Robert A , Genest Jacques , Trinder Mark , Brunham Liam R , Béliard Sophie , Baass Alexis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to extremely high circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Our objective was to study the effect of the type of LDL receptor (LDLR) mutation on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods and results
This was a multinational prospective cohort study, which included patients with heterozygous FH aged 18–65 years, without a prior history of CVD, and carrying a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in the LDLR gene. A total of 2131 patients (20 535person-years of follow-up) were included in the study, including 1234 subjects carrying a defective mutation in the LDLR and 897 subjects carrying a null mutation. During the follow-up, a first MACE occurred in 79 cases (6%) in the defective group and in 111 cases (12%) in the null group. The mean baseline LDL-C concentration was 17% higher in the null group than in the defective group (7.90 vs. 6.73 mmoL/L, P &lt; 0.0001). In a Cox regression model corrected for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of a null mutation was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.09 (1.44–3.05), P = 0.0001.

Conclusion
Carriers of a null mutation have an independent ∼2-fold increased risk of incident MACE compared with patients carrying a defective mutation. This study highlights the importance of genetic screening in FH in order to improve patient care.
Enterococcus faecalis V583 cell membrane protein expression to alkaline stress
Authors: Cathro Peter , McCarthy Peter , Hoffmann Peter , Kidd Stephen , Zilm Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is able to adapt to alkaline conditions and is commonly recovered from teeth in which endodontic treatment has failed. The role that E. faecalis membrane proteins play in survival strategies to extreme alkaline conditions is unclear. We grew E. faecalis V583 in a chemostat at pH 8 and 11 at one-tenth the organism’s relative maximum growth rate. Following membrane shaving, isotope-coding protein labels were added at the peptide level to samples and then combined. The relative proportion of membrane proteins were identified using LC-ESI mass spectrometry and MaxQuant analysis. Ratios of membrane proteins were log2 transformed, with proteins deviating by more than 1 SD of the mean considered to be up- or down-regulated. A total of six proteins were up-regulated in pH 11 including: EF0669 (polysaccharide biosynthesis family); EF1927 (glycerol uptake facilitator), and EF0114 (glycosyl hydrolase). A total of five proteins were down-regulated including: EF0108 (C4-dicarboxylate transporter); EF1838 (PTS system IIC component); EF0456 (PTS system IID component); and EF0022 (PTS mannose-specific IID component). In extreme alkaline conditions, the membrane proteins of E. faecalis seem to be involved in a shift of carbohydrate metabolism from the PTS system to glycerol, which supports the formation of a protective capsule protecting the cell.
Construction and characterization of the full-length cDNA of an infectious clone of emerging porcine teschovirus-2
Authors: Li Yuying , Chen Shengnan , Shi Yaokai , Huang Haixin , Wang Wei , Zheng Min , Zhao Chenchen , Zhang Xinyu , Lei Xiaoxiao , Sun Wenchao , Liu Hao , Lan Tian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a causative agent of polioencephalomyelitis, encephalomyelitis, reproductive disorders and gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in swine. In the present study, the PTV2 GX/2020 strain was isolated from pig intestinal tissue through the use of ST cells. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 nucleotide sequences indicated that the GX/2020 isolate is closely related to PTV2. Furthermore, the full-length cDNA of an infectious GX/2020 clone was constructed using seamless ligation technology. The genome sequence of the rescued virus is largely consistent with the sequence of the parental virus, and it exhibits viral growth properties. The PTV2 virus was successfully isolated in the present study, and the reverse-genetic platform provides a foundation for studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of porcine teschovirus.
Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Unexpected Variation in Dementia Classification in Longitudinal Survey Data
Authors: Luth Elizabeth A , Prigerson Holly G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
As dementia affects a growing number of older adults, it is important to understand its detection and progression. We identified patterns in dementia classification over time using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample of older adults. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, and patterns in dementia classification.

Methods
Data for 7,218 Medicare beneficiaries from the 2011–2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) were classified into five categories: consistently no dementia, consistently cognitive impairment, “typical” dementia progression, “expected” variation, and “unexpected” variation. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression assessed relative risk of dementia classification by sociodemographic and health factors.

Results
Among NHATS respondents, 59.5% consistently were recorded as having no dementia, 7% consistently cognitively impaired, 13% as having typical progression, 15% as having expected variation, and 5.5% as having unexpected variation. In multivariable models, compared with consistent dementia classification, less education, Medicare–Medicaid-dual enrollment, and identifying as non-Hispanic Black were associated with increased likelihood of unexpected variation (e.g., non-Hispanic Black adjusted risk ratio: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.61–2.78, p &lt; .0001).

Discussion
A significant minority of individuals have unexpected patterns of dementia classification over time, particularly individuals with low socioeconomic status and identifying as non-Hispanic Black. Dementia classification uncertainty may make it challenging to activate resources (e.g., health care, caregiving) for effective disease management, underscoring the need to support persons from at-risk groups and to carefully evaluate cognitive assessment tools to ensure they are equally reliable across groups to avoid magnifying disparities.
Mapping the capacity of health promotion interventions for non-communicable diseases in Oman
Authors: Al-Riyami Hiyam , Pursell Lisa , Gabhainn Saoirse Nic 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic medical conditions that are, by definition, non-infectious, and non-transmissible among people and caused by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors. Affecting all age groups, regions and countries, NCDs cause 72% of deaths in Oman. Health promotion (HP) capacity development is considered fundamental to strengthening and sustaining action against NCDs. This study aimed to map the existing HP capacity for NCDs in Oman by assessing existing knowledge, skills, commitment, structure, systems and leadership and identifying gaps where further capacity is required. The current study used an adapted version of the World Health Organization capacity mapping tool for HP to assess the stage of development across eight HP capacity domains. Quantitative data were collected from 306 geographically dispersed participants across Oman via an online cross-sectional survey. Analyses revealed low scores in policies and plans, collaboration, partnership and professional development domains and even lower scores in the domains of program delivery, information systems and financing. We recommend Oman build and develop more capacity in all domains. The implications of findings are discussed in the context of the current HP policy and practice in Oman.
Critical health literacy: reflection and action for health
Authors: Abel Thomas , Benkert Richard 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHealth literacy research is growing rapidly and broadly; however, conceptual advances in critical health literacy (CHL) seem hampered by a lack of a clear definition. In this paper, we refer to key features of the concept as identified in earlier works, offer a new definition of CHL and briefly discuss its theoretical roots. Reflection and action are suggested as the two constituent components of CHL. Consequences for future research are also discussed.