bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Container-grown Azalea and Ivy to Four Preemergence Herbicides in Three Planting Media1
Authors: Monaco T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitroN,N-dipro-pyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) and 2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide (alachlor) at 4.5 and 9 kg/ha provided control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Geartn), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus (L.)) and common lambsqualters (Chenopodium album (L.)) in three different planting media of container-grown English ivy (Hedera helix L. cv. Shamrock) and azalea (Rhododendron obtusum Planck, cv. Hino Crimson). 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) provided control of all the previously mentioned weeds as well as common cockle bur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) and tall morningglory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth). The three planting media utilized in the study varied in ratios of peat, sand and soil. EPTC resulted in equal injury to azaleas in all three soil mixes. Dichlobenil at 9 kg/ha injured English ivy in all three soil mixes with the greatest degree of injury being recorded in the planting medium containing the least amount of peat.
Vegetative Propagation of Cucumber1
Authors: Shehata M. A. , Davis D. W. , Read P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tip cuttings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) taken at various times, ages, and condition were subjected to several pre- and post-selection techniques known to influence rooting in other species. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) applied 1 week before shoot tip harvest increased the rooting of cuttings. Neither time of day cuttings were prepared (7 AM or 1 PM) nor fruit load influenced rooting. Sand culture under mist, at 27°C (day), 21° (night), in the greenhouse was superior to other rooting methods tested. Cultivars varied in rooting. Cuttings from early planting rooted better than those from late plantings.
Promotion of Fruit Set and Reduction of Seed Number in Pollinated Fruit of Cucumber by Chlorflurenol1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit development from pollinated flowers of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on early nodes inhibited fruit set on later nodes. Application of chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-caroxylate) overcame this inhibition and increased the number of fruit which developed from both pollinated and nonpollinated ovaries. In nonpollinated flowers, chlorflurenol promoted fruit set through parthenocarpy. In chlorflurenol treated plants, approximately 80% of the fruit from pollinated flowers produced seed, while the remaining 20% were parthenocarpic. However, chlorflurenol reduced the quantity of seed in the nonparthenocarpic fruit by 30%. This included fruit set from flowers that had been pollinated up to 5 days before chlorflurenol application. Pollination tended to improve the effectiveness of chlorflurenol to increase fruit set.
Mist Depollination of Lettuce Flowers1
Authors: Ryder Edward J. , Johnson Albert S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intermittent mist spraying of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) flowers during the period of anther dehiscence permits continuous removal of pollen with little effort Pollination following pollen removal by this method produced 94% hybrids compared to 50% or less usually obtained by the conventional washing method.
Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase in Peaches Grown in the Southeast1
Authors: Jen Joseph J. , Kahler Kristi R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A crude polyphenol oxidase (PPO) preparation extracted from ‘Redhaven’ peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) showed only catecholase but not cresolase enzyme activity. The PPO activity increased sharply near the end of maturation. A shift from a single pH optimum at 6.2 to dual optima at pH 6.0 and 6.5 during maturation possibly indicates synthesis of new isozymes. The temperature optimum for peach PPO was near 37°C and the Michaelis constant was 2.9 × l0-2M when catechol was used as substrate. The peach PPO remained very active even at 3°.
Friction Discoloration of ‘d’ Anjou’ Pears in Relation to Fruit Size, Maturity, Storage and Polyphenoloxidase Activities1
Authors: Mellenthin W. M. , Wang C. Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Small ‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) tend to be more susceptible to friction discoloration than the large fruits. Susceptibility to friction discoloration decreased with maturity but increased with duration of storage. Phenolic substances which are associated with friction discoloration and which serve as the substrate for polyphenoloxidase also declined with maturity and accumulated in storage. However, polyphenoloxidase activities increased with maturity and decreased during storage. The accumulation of phenolic compounds may be a result of the low polyphenoloxidase activities in storage.
Glyphosate Toxicity to Apple Trees1
Authors: Rom Roy C. , Brown Stanley A. , Markham Jerry D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glyphosate at rates found adequate (3.36 kg/ha) for orchard weed control is phytotoxic and possibly fatal to young apple trees if it is intercepted by the tree’s foliage in sufficient quantities. Its use appears safe, however, if precautions are used to avoid this contact. Following foliage absorption, the glyphosate is translocated to active growing points resulting in leaf attenuation and cupping and necrosis to leaves, terminals, and trunks.
‘Pink Princess’ Weigela1
Authors: Weigle Jack L. , Beck Allan R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weigelas were popular in Western Europe during the late 1800s and early 1900s and the French and Germans released scores of cultivars (1). Since that time, cultivar releases have been sporadic. The exception was a government breeding program in The Netherlands, which resulted in a number of cultivars being released in the 1950s (3).
Canopy Development and Yield Efficiency of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees in Four Orchard Management Systems1
Authors: Ferree David C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The canopy development and yield efficiency of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were measured during the sixth growing season for slender spindle (2151 trees/ha), trellis (1121 trees/ha), interstem hedgerow (795 trees/ha), and pyramid hedgerow (425 tree/ha) management systems. Pyramid hedgerow trees had the greatest trunk circumference, height, spread, and canopy volume/tree, but had a lower canopy volume/ha than the slender spindle or trellis. About 20% of the canopy of all 4 systems was present at bloom in May, 90% in June, and the maximum in July. Spur leaves followed the development pattern of the whole canopy but shoot leaf area did not reach its maximum until August. Interstem hedgerow trees had the most open canopy with the lowest amount of leaf area/unit of canopy height and the greatest amount of light penetration in the canopy. The pyramid hedgerow had a higher LAI than other systems and the increase in light in the upper third of the tree was not as great as the other systems. Trellis trees had the greatest number of fruit/100 cm2 area of both spur and shoot leaves and also the highest yield/unit trunk cross section of the 4 systems. The upper third of the canopy of all systems had the largest number of flowers and fruit, greatest amount of fruit/100 cm2 of leaf area and more light than the mid- and lower-thirds. Cumulative yield/ha and canopy volume/ha were closely related to number of trees/ha but the trellis and interstem system had a greater density of fruit/m2 of canopy than the slender spindle or pyramid hedgerow systems.
Some Effects of Grapefruit Tree Canopy Position on Microclimate, Water Relations, Fruit Yield, and Juice Quality1
Authors: Syvertsen J. P. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Positional differences among leaf and fruit surface temperatures and water relations of ‘Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were related to fruit load and juice quality. Southern top canopy positions experienced the highest temperatures and lower water potentials and yielded more fruit with more soluble solids than other canopy positions. Canopy depth was also an important determinant of fruit yield and early season juice quality. Based on data from 3 trees during 2 seasons, there were greater fruit loads with higher °Brix and lower acidity in the outside canopy positions than in the inside positions. Upper canopy positions tended to have lower acidity and consequently higher °Brix/acid ratios than the lower positions. Abaxial fruit hemispheres were smaller and had a lower percent juice than their paired adaxial fruit hemispheres. Grapefruit from sunlit canopy positions mature earlier than fruit from shaded positions. Since there were more fruit with higher soluble solids in the most exposed canopy positions, daily heat stress and leaf and fruit water stress were not limiting factors in grapefruit yield and juice quality with respect to different tree canopy positions.
Recent Advances in Structural Modification Strategies for Lead
Optimization of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Explore Novel
Anticancer Agents
Authors: Azimian Fereshteh , Dastmalchi Siavoush 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Lead optimization as a bottleneck in the process of drug discovery is conducted
to tackle problems associated with poor pharmacokinetics, continuous emergence of drugresistance,
adverse side effects and drug-drug interactions of known pharmaceuticals. Due
to the intensive application of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKI) in various
pathological conditions, optimization of their structures has always been the focus of intensive
medicinal chemistry research efforts. The current review portrays the application
of scaffold hopping, bioisosterism, structure-based, and hybrid-based drug design methods
in the optimization of lead compounds aiming to enhance their usefulness as novel drugs.
Then, the review proceeds with examples of structural modifications carried out, particularly
on multi-targeted drugs already available on the market. The demonstrated examples
cover structural modifications on 7 well-known drugs during the last twenty years. The
application of the above-mentioned strategies has led to the generation of 52 new multitargeted
tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Most of the optimized compounds showed improved
properties compared to their parent lead compound. The rationales behind the applied
modifications and the achieved outcomes were discussed to present practical examples to
the researchers engaged in the area.
Current Issues and Perspectives in Antimicrobials use in Dental Practice
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Spirito Francesca , Bottalico Lucrezia , Muzio Eleonora Lo , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Potenza Maria Assunta , Montagnani Monica , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The complexity of the use of antimicrobials for dental use (such as antibiotics) is directly related
not only to the mode of onset of an oral infection (linked to numerous factors of local causality and comorbidity)
but also to the predisposing risk for the general health of the patient with putative serious consequences
related to the neck district. The abuse and misuse of antibiotics may lead to resistance to certain bacterial
strains. In this regard, the evaluation of the risk/benefit of their use (especially in pregnant women) can be
divided into two phases: risk analysis and subsequently risk management for the benefit of the patient for the
oral pathology to be prevented or treated, respectively. This study seeks to focus on the issues and management
of patients with certain antimicrobials during dental practice, placing special emphasis on new classes of antibiotics.

Specific Aims:
This study seeks to focus on the issues and management of patients with certain antimicrobials
during dental practice, placing special emphasis on new classes of antibiotics.
Application of Probability Based Multi-attribute Optimization in Formulation
of Prescription and Medical Treatment
Authors: Yu Jie , Zheng Maosheng 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Many drug research problems are multi-objective optimization ones,
such as drug efficacy evaluation, etc. The new concept of preferable probability was introduced in
the probability-based multi-attribute optimization (PMAO) to reflect the preferable degree of the
candidate, which aimed to solve the inherent problems of subjective factors and additive algorithms in other methods. Furthermore, some medical problems, including optimizations of prescriptions of drug extraction, are dealt with by using PMAO impersonally

Objective:
The optimizations of prescriptions of drug extraction and the compatibility of the
traditional Chinese medicine design, and the schemes chosen in medical treatment for the cure of
non-small cell lung cancer are conducted by means of PMAO.

Methods:
All performance utility indicators of candidates are divided into beneficial or unbeneficial types, and consistently treated in the scheme selection; each performance utility indicator contributes a partial preferable probability quantitatively, and the product of all partial preferable
probabilities makes the total preferable probability of a candidate, which thus transfers the multiobject optimization problem into a single-object optimization one and is the uniquely decisive
index in the selection process.

Results:
1. The drug extraction conditions from schisandra fruit are at 526.79 w microwave power,
75.89% ethanol concentration, 5 min extraction time, 12 times ethanol consumption, and 80
mesh pulverization degree; 2. The optimal compatibility of Lingguishugan Decoction is with
Poria 18 g, Guizhi 13.5 g, Atractylodes 13.5 g, and Licorice 3 g; 3. The pemetrexed is the
appropriate treatment for the commonly used chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell
lung adenocarcinoma comparatively.

Conclusion:
This study indicates the applicability of the PMAO in the scheme selection of formulation of prescription and medical treatment.
Analysis and Control of Chaos in Current Mode Controlled Superbuck
Converter for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Wang Lihua , Jiang Shaojie , Ni Xue , Liu Siyuan , Gao Zhenzhen , Yuan Junming , Cui Wenwen 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Superbuck converter is a strong nonlinear system. However, with the
changes in parameters, Superbuck converter performance may be reduced due to nonlinear phenomena,
such as bifurcation, chaos, etc.
Current mode controlled Superbuck converters have been extensively applied in photovoltaic (PV)
systems that require a stable output voltage. Superbuck converters, as nonlinear circuits, exhibit
plentiful nonlinear phenomena, such as bifurcation and chaos. In this study, we analyze and control
the nonlinear phenomena in the current mode controlled Superbuck converter. The piecewise
switching model and discrete iteration mapping model of the Superbuck converter are established.
The evolution process of the Superbuck converter from steady state to bifurcation and chaos is revealed
when the reference current, input voltage, and load are used as bifurcation parameters, and
the bifurcation forms of the converter are all period-doubling bifurcations. The stability criterion of
Superbuck converter under current mode has been deduced from reference current by analyzing the
stability of the converter. Through the resonant parametric perturbation (RPP) method, the chaos
control of the Superbuck converter has been realized for the first time. The converter changes from a
chaotic state to a stable single-cycle state about 0.4ms after control and the output voltage ripple is
reduced from 3.905V to 0.679V, which effectively improves the output stability of the converter.

Objective:
This study aimed to analyze and control nonlinear phenomena in current-mode controlled
Superbuck converters.

Method:
Bifurcation diagram, time-domain waveform diagram, phase portrait and Poincare section
are used as analytical methods for the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of Superbuck converters.
The chaotic control method of the Superbuck converter is Resonant Parameter Perturbation (RPP).

Results:
After applying RPP control to the Superbuck converter in the chaotic state, it is converted into
a single-cycle stable state in about 0.4ms. After the converter is controlled, the output current ripple is
reduced from 0.71479A to 0.31A, and the output voltage ripple is reduced from 3.905V to 0.679V.

Conclusion:
With the increase in the reference current, the decrease in the input voltage, or the increase
in the load, the system enters the chaotic state through the period-doubling bifurcation path.
In this study, the chaos control of the Superbuck converter is carried out for the first time, and the
control method used is the resonant parametric perturbation method. After RPP control, the converter
is changed from an unstable, chaotic state to a stable period state in about 0.4ms.
Reusable, FAIR Humanities Data
Authors: Grant Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

While stakeholders including funding agencies and academic publishers implement more stringent data sharing policies, challenges remain for researchers in the humanities who are increasingly prompted to share their research data. This paper outlines some key challenges of research data sharing in the humanities, and identifies existing work which has been undertaken to explore these challenges. It describes the current landscape regarding publishersâ€™ research data sharing policies, and the impact which strong data policies can have, regardless of discipline.
Using Routledge Open Research as a case study, the development of a set of humanities-inclusive Open Data publisher data guidelines is then described. These include practical guidance in relation to data sharing for humanities authors, and a close alignment with the FAIR Data Principles.
Investigating the sociological use of slang from a hearer-oriented perspective
Authors: Mahmud Masrizal , Sadli Muhammad , Sari Diana Fauzia 
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies have investigated the importance of slang in linguistics in various media, including novels. The dominant works on this subject have focused solely on the structural explanation of slang, leaving out its sociological context and meaning. Given the nature of slang itself as a pure informal language, studies about the semantic meaning of slang must be essential. This research looked into the slang words and expressions in a true-crime novel entitled ‘Black Mass’ by Dick Lehr and Gerard O’Neill in 2000. The goal is to discover the semantic meaning of slang words and expressions in the novel using the qualitative method and Mattiello’s hearer-oriented (2008) theory as the underlying theory. We applied the documentary method to retrieve the data and further analyzed it using Miles et al. (2014) theory. Heavily influenced by the setting of South Boston and its crimes, Black Mass data indicated that this novel’s slang is primarily attributed to freshness and novelty. Subsequently, we found evidence of the novel’s use of desire to impress and faddishness, playfulness and humor, and impertinence properties. Color and musicality are this novel’s least common categories of slang, with only four occurrences in the entire manuscript. Given that the novel’s literature cover is still scarce, it is hoped that these findings are helpful to those who are interested in studying and researching the semantic area.
Selecting the most informative set of the deep-ocean tsunami sensors based on the r-solution method
Authors: Воронина Т.А. , Воронин В.В. 
Published: September 2022

В данной работе начальная форма волны цунами (ниже именуемая источником цунами) представляется как решение обратной задачи математической физики на основе инверсии удаленных записей пришедшей волны, что позволяет детально изучить факторы, влияющие на результаты восстановления. Исследуемая задача является некорректной, что приводит к ожидаемой неустойчивости численного решения, существенно уменьшить которую позволяет регуляризация, основанная на методе усеченного сингулярного разложения (SVD) (далее метод r-решения). В рамках предложенного подхода на основе анализа распространения энергии олны предлагается методика выбора наиболее информативной части имеющейся системы наблюдения для реального события цунами на Соломоновых островах 6 февраля 2013 г. Метод может быть полезен при разработке новых систем мониторинга цунами.
A significant constituent element of tsunami forecasting is to gain some insight into an initial tsunami waveform (below referred to as a tsunami source). Representing a tsunami source as a solution to the inverse problem of mathematical physics based on the inversion of remote records of the incoming wave allows one in detail to study the factors affected the inversion results. The above issue is an ill-posed one that causes the expected instability of the numerical solution. The regularization based on the truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) method (below referred to as the r-solution method) allows one to avoid this obstacle. Within the method proposed, we offer the methodology for selecting the most informative set of the tsunami sensors for the case of the Solomon Islands Tsunami of February 6, 2013, as an example. The method can be used in designing a tsunami warning system.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Bank’s Performance under the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Bank Reputation
Authors: Nguyen Kim Quoc Trung 
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to examine the indirect linkage between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance via the effects of customer satisfaction and bank reputation. The study applies Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to a sample of top managers, finance managers, chief accountants, and employees in Vietnamese state-owned commercial banks. The findings explore the statistically significant effect of CSR on bank performance under the mediating role of customer satisfaction and bank reputation, which are not concerned by previous studies. Because CSR activities assist banks in maintaining their reputation by complying with a long-term commitment to stakeholders' interests and providing valuable customer benefits to increase their satisfaction. So, the research results show that customer satisfaction and the bank's reputation promote a positive relationship between CSR and bank performance. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-06-012 Full Text: PDF
Predicting Academic Achievement With Students' Learning Diary and Epistemic Beliefs
Authors: Kivimäki Ville 
Published: September 2022

Epistemic cognition has been found to positively predict academic achievement. However, measuring epistemic cognition has proved to be problematic. In the last decade, learning analytics has emerged as a field of study and practice with new means to collect data on different types of psychological constructs.This study focuses on a learning analytics tool, a structured learning diary, and its connections with self-reported epistemic beliefs. Connections between these and academic achievement are investigated at four temporal measurement points. The first aim was to test which measures of the diary tool correlated with academic achievement. The second aim was to test epistemic beliefs' correlation with academic achievement. Models of linear regression were then designed and tested at different times.The results show that we should collect student-originated behaviour data for the best predictive power and connect that with independent psychological measures.