bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a major adult plant resistance gene in the South African winter wheat cultivar PAN 3161
Authors: Chemonges Martin , Herselman Liezel , Pretorius Zacharias A. , Maré Ansori , Boshoff Willem H.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), poses a threat to wheat production in South Africa (SA). The locally developed winter wheat cultivar PAN 3161 has consistently displayed adult plant resistance (APR) to stem rust, prompting an investigation into the genetics thereof. An F2 population was developed from a cross between PAN 3161 and the susceptible parent Line 37 − 07 and tested against Pgt race PTKST in the field. F3 families were also assessed in the field to confirm the F2 segregation ratios. Molecular marker genotyping combined with bulk segregant analysis (BSA) on 128 F2 plants identified markers on the short arm of chromosome 4D to be linked to stem rust resistance. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker wmc720 flanked the APR gene, SrPan3161, distally at 1.8 cM. Five co-segregating SSR markers gpw7414, gpw8038, wmc52, psp3103 and cfd23 flanked SrPan3161 proximally at 1.8 cM. PAN 3161 tested negative for Lr67/Yr46/Sr55/Pm46/Ltn3, and linked (csSNP856) and diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (SNP1-TM4 and SNP2-TM10). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed to confirm linkage mapping results and identified a single major QTL that explained 71.5% of the phenotypic variation for resistance to Pgt race PTKST. The closely linked SSR markers psp3103 and cfd23 were 100% predictive of SrPan3161 in a set of 55 wheat cultivars and breeding lines, thus validating chromosome 4D as the region carrying SrPan3161 and their potential effectiveness in marker-assisted selection. Results suggest that SrPan3161 was introduced into South African winter wheat through the cultivar Tugela (pedigree Kavkaz/Jaral), first released for production in 1985.
Molecular biophilicity modeling of soluble small molecule properties in cell surface interaction and internalization
Authors: Sarin Hemant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Biochemical interactions occur in vivo between small solubilizing molecules and intracellular membrane proteins due to differences in intermolecular affinity. Here, this relationship is further explored by in silico modeling of partitioning solvation parameters and proportion of molecular structure lipophilicity to hydrophilicity.
Methods
The partial bond length vdWV diameter (vdWDpb, nm) is applied for correlative modeling of diameter or volume normalized fractional solubility (Log S), partition coefficient (Log P). Method I (Sf) small molecules stratified as Tier I, Tier II or Tier III are multivariate modeled based on the degree of halogenated atom substitution. Method II (Sh) small molecules are modeled by subtractive hydrophilicity. Method III is developed for improved correlation of Log S to Log P for halogen heavy atom and multiple covalent bond-containing small molecules is developed as per: Log S = (Log P + a · Log PMW vdWD HAL or NON−HAL) · vdWDpb (fract, nm). The Linternal (or external) structure · Hpolar group −1 quotient is further normalized for alternating exterior methyln−1 group (CH2) biophilicity for determination of complex small molecule interaction at the cell surface.
Results
Method 1 Tier I, II and III MW-to-vdWDpb diameter correlative solubility for halogenate substituents is - Log S · vdWDpb − 1 (Da− 1 vol) = 1.020, 1.090 and 1.227 · (- Log S · vdWDpb− 1, nm− 1 vol) – B1, 2 or 3 (R2 = 0.9955, R2 = 0.9999, R2 = 0.9996). Method II-to-Log SPRED vdWVpb− 1 normalized correlative solubility is Log SVL · vdWVpb− 1 (nm− 1) = 2.7628 · (Log SCALC · vdWVpb− 1, nm− 1) − 0.4708 (R2 = 0.9895, r = 0.995). Method III MW vdWDpb-normalized molecules and vdWDpb normalized vdWDMW Da (0.01095 · RT)−1 relationship is 1.4863 (x) − 0.2615 (R2 = 0.992, r = − 0.995). Based on the L · Hpolar group−1, the interval range for cytosolic interaction at the periplasmic membrane is L · H− 1 > 0.057 < 0.093, and that for interaction with caveolin-associated protein is L · H− 1 0.093 < 0.297 (0.301) or with clathrin-AP is L · H− 1 0.301 ≤ (0.480) 0.497.
Conclusions
The fractional solubility-partition coefficient relationship is developed herein with partial bond length molecular diameter normalization and it is applicable to determination of small molecule solvation. The soluble small molecule structure-to-protein structure philicity relationship is determined to be predictive in sub-typing of complex linear and heterocyclic molecule cell surface interactions. There is further applicability of the findings for QSAR modeling of small molecule channel or receptor interactions.
A Model for Identifying the Most Effective Contract Type in Construction Companies
Authors: Taye Gizatie Desalegn , Shiferaw Abreham Assefa , Feleke Yibelital Alemu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Construction managers that are conversant with project management knowledge areas handle the construction project. Intelligent means discerning or looking about, and these construction managers are well-versed in their fields. However, the majority of construction projects in construction companies fail around the world, particularly in low-income countries such as Ethiopia, due to a lack of construction project managers who are unfamiliar with contract management that are used without considering the company's situations and project contexts. The goal of this research is to create a machine-learning-based prediction model for finding the most effective contract type in construction companies. Data from Ethiopian construction enterprises and associations (particularly from the Amhara National Regional State Job & Training Bureau and its branches in Addis Zemen, Woreta, and Debre Tabor) were collected using a purposeful sample strategy. Support vector machines scored 93 %, decision trees scored 92.30 %, and K-nearest neighbors scored 91.20 %, and logistic regression scored 88 % on the testing data set, respectively. Furthermore, in comparison to the other classifiers, Support vector machines outperformed the best in the experiments. The study suggests gathering more building project datasets from construction businesses and comparing them to our findings to determine the most effective contract type.
Theoretical investigation of coupling of surface plasmons in one-dimensional periodic structure of SiO2 and TiO2 with defect of nanocomposite of liquid crystals and core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Singh Pawan , Thapa Khem B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we theoretically investigate the coupling of localized surface plasmons resonances (LSPRs) of core-shell nanoparticles embedded in the host liquid crystal, where the near field enhancement in the host matrix tunes the optical properties. The effect of different radii of spherical core-shell nanoparticles of silver core and silicon shell (Ag@Si) in the E7 liquid crystals is also discussed. The coupling of LSPRs through the near field enhancement in the E7LC + Ag@Si nanocomposite (NC) layer yields to tune the optical transmissions. LPSRs depend on the radii of core-shell structures shows redshift and blue shifts in which controlled transmissions of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-DPCs) with defect of NC layer have been discussed using transfer matrix method (TMM) in this study. The filling fractions of core-shell nanostructure and the incident angles of the electromagnetic wave also affect the transmission properties of designed 1-DPC with a structure (TiO2|SiO2)5|NC|(TiO2|SiO2)5. The studies of proposed structure reveal to design the energy efficient optical filters, sensors, solar cells, photo-detectors and all-optical switching devices.
Earthquake Predicting and Tectonic Stress Reducing Possibilities
Authors: Kachakhidze Manana , Kachakhidze-Murphy Nino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent satellite and ground-based observations prove that during the earthquake formative period VLF/LF and ULF electromagnetic emissions are observed in seismogenic areas. The present consolidated paper describes a theoretical model of the generation of electromagnetic emissions detected during the earthquake preparation periods, a scheme of the earthquake prediction methodology, the possible methods of the large earthquake prediction on the basis of the European Network data. The offered methods are capable of simultaneous determination of all three characteristic parameters necessary for incoming earthquake prediction. Today existing networks, detect this electromagnetic radiation, consisting of stationary transmitters and receivers. Since in some cases these networks are unable to detect any electromagnetic radiation, we have suggested the possible arrangements of the VLF/LF mobile network. The paper offers a completely different view of seismic risk assessing and reducing the accumulated tectonic stress in the earthquake focus as well.
Determining The Impact of A Guided Workshop on The Educational Use of Social Networking Sites Among Medical and Health Sciences Students; A Cross Campus Study
Authors: Dash Nihar Ranjan , Hasswan Ahmed Alrazzak , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Abdullah Natasya , Eladl Mohamed Ahmed , Khalaf Khaled , Farooq Ajmal , Guraya Salman Yousuf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, social networking sites (SNSs) have evolved beyond connection and networking to become a powerful instructional tool. There is still a dearth of knowledge on the professional use of SNS for education particularly among students from diverse backgrounds. This study examined the extent and pattern of usage SNS in education across six institutions and then conducted an interventional workshop to fortify and regulate the educational use of SNS. MethodsThis multicenter study was done in two phases. In the first phase, an online cross-sectional survey using a validated inventory was conducted to determine the prevalence, extent, and preferences of SNS usage by students in medicine, health sciences and dentistry across six centers. Later, the second phase of the study was undertaken in a 60-minute guided live workshop on the appropriate use of SNS for academics. Additionally, a pre- and post-test survey were conducted to assess the workshop's impact and outcome.ResultsOf the 1722 respondents, 1553 (90%) reported using SNS with the frequency of once a month to three to five times per day for education and to stay in touch with others. Most agreed with the benefits of SNS for education mainly in terms of information gathering, networking and collaboration. Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest were noted as the most preferred SNS for education. Nevertheless, 63% perceived that a proper counselling was necessary for the efficient use of SNS. Following the guided workshop, there was a significant improvement in web technology understanding, digital professionalism, and their skills and knowledge on the productive use of SNS. Students rated efficient for conceptual learning, connection to community practice, e-portfolio, and collaborative learning as the top four major teaching and learning strategies, respectively, in the post-workshop survey.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that SNS can be potentially used as essential learning tools in medical education. However, SNS usage should be regulated and guided for a more collegial and coherent learning climate in the digital realm. We urge the medical educators to integrate SNS into their courses for a technologically advanced and impactful curriculum.
Genetic structure and trait variation within a maple hybrid zone in North China provide evolutionary and ecological insights for ancient lineage evolution
Authors: Wang Hong-Fang , Yang Rui , Deng Ya-Wen , Liu Yan , Zhao Jing , Bao Lei , Ge Jian-Ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Secondary contact zones can provide valuable evolutionary and ecological insights for elucidating patterns of divergent lineage evolution. The tertiary relict flora in East Asia can be divided into northern (“NEA”) and southern (“SEA”) regions. To date however, secondary contact zones of lineages from the NEA and SEA regions have rarely been studied. To test whether introgression occur between the ancient lineages and their evolutionary and ecological consequences, we conducted detailed genetic and ecological work within a maple hybrid zone in North China. Genetic structures of both adults and seeds populations were characterized. Spatial genetic pattern was checked along an altitude gradient. Flowering phenology was analyzed to test the existence of assortative mating. Leaf and fruit morphologies were compared between lineages. Our study confirm introgression occur between NEA and SEA lineages. Post-pollinator barriers predominantly contribute to a reduction in interlineage gene flow. Ecological niche differs between lineages along an altitudinal gradient. We clarify a long-standing classification debate with respect to Acer pictum subsp. mono and A. truncatum, though there are extensive morphological variation and overlaps between the species pair. Our study represents the first few detailed evolution and ecological investigation focusing on ancient NEA-SEA lineages hybrid zone.
A randomized double blind comparison of atosiban in patients with recurrent implantation failure undergoing IVF treatment
Authors: Tang Chuan Ling , Li Qi Yue , Chen Feng Lian , Cai Chen Ting , Dong Yue Yan , Wu Yuan Yuan , Yang Jian Zhi , Zhao Mei , Chi Feng Li , Hong Ling , Ai Ai , Chen Miao Xin , Li Kun Ming , Teng Xiao Ming , Chen Zhi Qin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) may have more uterine contractions. Several observational studies suggested that atosiban administration around embryo transfer resulted in higher pregnancy rates in RIF patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atosiban given before fresh embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes of women with RIF.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed in IVF center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. According to a computer-generated randomization list, 194 infertile women with RIF received fresh embryo transfer between July 2017 and December 2019 were randomly allocated into the atosiban (n=97) and the placebo (n=97) groups. Women in the treatment group received atosiban intravenously about 30 min before embryo transfer with a bolus dose of 6.75 mg over one minute. Those in the placebo group received only normal saline infusion for the same duration. Results: There was no significant difference in the live birth rate between the atosiban and placebo groups (42.3% vs 35.1%, P=0.302, RR=1.206 (0.844-1.723)). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the positive pregnancy test, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and implantation rates. Similar results were found when stratified by the number of embryos previously transferred, number of previous failed embryo transfers, frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day (≥3 waves/min) or serum estradiol (E2) on the day of hCG above the median level. And, there was no correlation between the serum E2 level on the day of hCG and the frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day. The frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day, total FSH/HMG dosage and duration were the significant factors which independently predicted the likelihood of a live birth.Conclusions: These results suggested that atosiban treatment before fresh embryo transfer might not improve the live birth rate in RIF patients. Trial registration: The study had been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital (2017 ethics No.43) and was registered under Clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier NCT02893722.
Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise
Authors: Ochi Genta , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Suwabe Kazuya , Fukuie Takemune , Hyodo Kazuki , Soya Hideaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We found that a 10-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal oxygen uptake) under normobaric and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] = 0.135) reduced executive performance measured by the color-word Stroop task (CWST) and neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is responsible for executive functions, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. One of the potential physiological reasons for this would be the decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) that occurs during exercise under hypoxic environments. To test this hypothesis, we compared executive performance and related prefrontal activation between two experimental conditions, in which the participants inhaled normobaric hypoxic gas (FIO2 = 0.135) (hypoxic exercise [HE]) or milder hypoxic gas (FIO2 = 0.161 ± 1.8), which was adjusted so that SpO2 during exercise remained at the resting level (ME). As a result, the HE-induced reduction in left DLPFC activity and CWST performance was suppressed in the ME condition. These results suggest that cognitive fatigue caused by exercise in a hypoxic environment may be related to the decrease in SpO2 during exercise, which may lead to the development of a method to cope with cognitive fatigue due to exercise that causes hypoxemia during exercise, e.g., mountain climbing or strenuous exercise.
First record of the exotic caprellid Paracaprella pusilla (Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in the Peruvian coast
Authors: Chunga-Llauce Juan A. , Tapia-Ugaz Liliana , Santamaría José , Guerra-García José M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Study of small-sized or taxonomically challenging taxa is mandatory to early detect exotic species. The caprellid Paracaprella pusilla has been successfully spreading in many world areas in the last decade. Biofouling from culture lanterns of bivalves Argopecten purpuratus and Pteria sterna were collected between February 2017 and November 2018 in Samanco Bay and Sechura Bay, Peru. This study represents the first record of P. pusilla in Peru, confirming that the species is expanding towards lower latitudes along Pacific coast of South America. Paracaprella pusilla was found mainly associated with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and hydrozoan Ectopleura cf. crocea. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of these crustaceans in the Peruvian coast, but it is recommended to increase sampling along the Southeast Pacific.
Invalidation of dieckol and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors and the discovery of PGG as a papain-like protease inhibitor
Authors: Tan Haozhou , Ma Chunlong , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred a broad interest in antiviral drug discovery. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are attractive antiviral drug targets given their vital roles in viral replication and modulation of host immune response. Structurally disparate compounds were reported as Mpro and PLpro inhibitors from either drug repurposing or rational design. Two polyphenols dieckol and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) were recently reported as SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. With our continuous interest in studying the mechanism of inhibition and resistance of Mpro inhibitors, we report herein our independent validation/invalidation of these two natural products. Our FRET-based enzymatic assay showed that neither dieckol nor PGG inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (IC50 > 20 µM), which is in contrary to previous reports. Serendipitously, PGG was found to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 3.90 µM. The binding of PGG to PLpro was further confirmed in the thermal shift assay. However, PGG was cytotoxic in 293T-ACE2 cells (CC50 = 7.7 µM), so its intracellular PLpro inhibitory activity could not be quantified by the cell-based Flip-GFP PLpro assay. In addition, we also invalidated ebselen, disulfiram, carmofur, PX12, and tideglusib as SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors using the Flip-GFP assay. Overall, our results call for stringent hit validation, and the serendipitous discovery of PGG as a putative PLpro inhibitor might worth further pursuing.
hucMSC treatment ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis via downregulating the circFOXP1–HuR–EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 autophagic axis
Authors: Li Ruiqiong , Zhang Haitong , Zhang Jinjin , Ji Yunxia , Liu Wenbo , Liu Bo , song xiaodong , Lv Changjun , Li Hongbo , Li Minge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently, no effective treatment has been developed for pulmonary fibrosis. This study was performed to determine the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) treatment on pulmonary fibrosis and investigate the circFOXP1-mediated mechanism of hucMSC treatment on autophagy.
Methods
Pulmonary fibrosis models were established by spraying bleomycin in mice and TGF-β1 treatment of MRC-5 cell. The effect of hucMSC treatment was investigated using morphological and functional experiments. The mechanism of hucMSC treatment in pulmonary fibrosis was explored by gain- and loss-of-function studies and rescue experiments.
Results
Results showed that hucMSC treatment alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Morphological staining indicated that hucMSC-treated mice had thinner alveolar wall, effectively improved alveolar structure, significantly reduced alveolar inflammation, and decreased collagen deposition than control mice. Fibrotic proteins, including vimentin, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III, and the differentiation-related protein S100 calcium binding protein A4 were reduced considerably in the hucMSC-treated group. The mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of hucMSC treatment on pulmonary fibrogenesis depended on downregulating circFOXP1, in which hucMSC treatment promoted circFOXP1-mediated autophagy process via blocking the nuclear HuR translocation and promoting the HuR degradation, leading to a marked decrease in autophagy negative regulators EZH2, STAT1 and FOXK1.
Conclusion
hucMSC treatment significantly improved pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the circFOXP1–HuR–EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 autophagic axis. hucMSCs can act as an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Activatable molecular rotor based on bithiophene quinolinlium toward viscosity detection in liquid
Authors: Xu Lingfeng , Zhao Jingyi , Xiong Fangzhi , Huang Yanrong , Deng Fei , Liu Limin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Noninvasive and effective viscosity inspection method during the liquid deterioration process is urgent to be developed, since viscosity is one of the most important physical parameter toward liquid. The method with rapid detection, high sensitivity, cheap equipment, and fast results output is obliged to be exploited. In this study, one kind of viscosity-sensitive molecular rotor (BTPEQ) with large Stokes shift (187 nm), and long emission wavelength (648 nm) has been developed. The rotor comprised bithiophene donor and quinolinium acceptor, and displayed typical twisted intramolecular-charge transfer (TICT) feature, with good photostability, selectivity, universality in various commercial liquids. With the aid of BTPEQ, the thickening effects of liquid thickeners can be captured. More importantly, BTPEQ was explored to visualize the viscosity variations in the liquids at different metamorphic stages, and found that the microenvironment viscosity level is highly dependent on the liquid food metamorphic period. It is noting that this approach can facilitate the continued perfection of fluorescent analytical methods toward food quality and safety inspection.