bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Cellulases and their Biotechnological Significance from Industrial Perspectives
Authors: Homaei Ahmad , Navvabi Azita , Pletschke Brett I. , Navvabi Nazila , Kim Se-Kwon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Marine microorganisms represent virtually unlimited sources of novel biological compounds and can survive extreme conditions. Cellulases, a group of enzymes that are able to degrade cellulosic materials, are in high demand in various industrial and biotechnological applications, such as in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, food, fuel, agriculture, and single-cell protein, and as probiotics in aquaculture. The cellulosic biopolymer is a renewable resource and is a linearly arranged polysaccharide of glucose, with repeating units of disaccharide connected via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are broken down by cellulase. A great deal of biodiversity resides in the ocean, and marine systems produce a wide range of distinct, new bioactive compounds that remain available but dormant for many years. The marine environment is filled with biomass from known and unknown vertebrates and invertebrate microorganisms, with much potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. Hence, complex polysaccharides derived from marine sources are a rich resource of microorganisms equipped with enzymes for polysaccharides degradation. Marine cellulases’ extracts from the isolates are tested for their functional role in degrading seaweed and modifying wastes to low molecular fragments. They purify and renew environments by eliminating possible feedstocks of pollution. This review aims to examine the various types of marine cellulase producers and assess the ability of these microorganisms to produce these enzymes and their subsequent biotechnological applications.
Impact of Previous Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Baseline Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yide , Li Zheng , Li Fengsen 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a significant risk factor for COPD, and Xinjiang,
China, has a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effects of tuberculosis history on
airflow restriction, clinical symptoms, and acute episodes in COPD patients have not been reported
in the local population. Besides, the exact relationship between lung function changes in people
with a history of tuberculosis and COPD risk is not clear.

Methods:
This study is based on the Xinjiang baseline survey data included in the Natural Population
Cohort Study in Northwest China from June to December, 2018. Subjects' questionnaires,
physical examination, and lung function tests were performed through a face-to-face field survey to
analyze the impact of previous pulmonary tuberculosis on local COPD. Furthermore, we clarified
the specific relationship between pulmonary function decline and the probability of developing
COPD in people with a history of tuberculosis.

Results:
A total of 3249 subjects were eventually enrolled in this study, including 87 with a history
of tuberculosis and 3162 non-TB. The prevalence of COPD in the prior TB group was significantly
higher than that in the control group (p-value = 0.005). First, previous pulmonary tuberculosis is an
essential contributor to airflow limitation in the general population and patients with COPD. In all
subjects included, pulmonary function, FEV1% predicted (p-value < 0.001), and FEV1/FVC (%)
(p-value < 0.001) were significantly lower in the prior TB group than in the control group. Compared
to non-TB group, FEV1% prediction (p-value = 0.019) and FEV1/FVC (%) (p-value
= 0.016) were found to be significantly reduced, and airflow restriction (p-value = 0.004) was more
severe in prior TB group among COPD patients. Second, COPD patients in the prior TB group had
more severe clinical symptoms. Compared with no history of tuberculosis, mMRC (p-value
= 0.001) and CAT (p-value = 0.002) scores were higher in the group with a history of tuberculosis
among COPD patients. Third, compared with the non-TB group, the number of acute exacerbations
per year (p-values＝0.008), the duration of each acute exacerbation (p-values＝0.004), and hospitalization/
patient/year (p-values＜0.001) were higher in the group with a history of tuberculosis
among COPD patients. Finally, a dose-response relationship between FEV1/FVC (%) and the
probability of developing COPD in people with previous pulmonary TB was observed; when
FEV1/FVC (%) was < 80.8, the risk of COPD increased by 13.5% per unit decrease in lung function
[0.865(0.805, 0.930)].

Conclusion:
COPD patients with previous pulmonary tuberculosis have more severe airflow limitations
and clinical symptoms and are at higher risk for acute exacerbations. Furthermore, lung
function changes in people with a history of tuberculosis were associated with a dose-response relationship
with the probability of developing COPD.
Downregulation of CHCHD2 may Contribute to Parkinson’s Disease by
Reducing Expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1
Authors: Ren Hui , Yang Xinglong , Li Kelu , Ning Pingping , Liu Bin , Yang Hongju , Zhu Yongyun , Yin WeiFang , Zhou Chuanbin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coilhelix
domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) downregulation, which has been linked to reduced cyclocytase
activity and increased levels of oxygen free radicals, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation
and apoptosis. Little is known about how CHCHD2 normally functions in the cell and, therefore,
how its downregulation may contribute to PD.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify such target genes using chromatin immunoprecipitation
sequencing from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-
phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as a PD model.

Methods:
In this study, we established a MPP+ -related SH-SY5Y cell model and evaluated the
effects of CHCHD2 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis. At the same time, we used
high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify its downstream target gene
in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we verified the possible downstream target genes and discussed their
mechanisms.

Results:
The expression level of α-synuclein increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+, while
the protein expression level of CHCHD2 decreased significantly, especially after 24 h of treatment.
Chip-IP results showed that CHCHD2 might regulate potential target genes such as HDX, ACP1,
RAVER2, C1orf229, RN7SL130, GNPTG, erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2), required for cell differentiation
1 homologue (RQCD1), solute carrier family 5 member 7 (SLA5A7), and NAcetyltransferase
8 Like (NAT8L). NFE2L2 and RQCD1 were validated as targets using PCR and
western blotting of immunoprecipitates, and these two genes together with SLA5A7 and NAT8L
were upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing CHCHD2. Downregulation of CHCHD2 may
contribute to PD by leading to inadequate expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1 as well as, potentially,
SLA5A7 and NAT8L.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that CHCHD2 plays a protective role by maintaining mitochondrial
homeostasis and promoting proliferation in neurons. In this study, the changes of CHCHD2 and
downstream target genes such as NFE2L2/RQCD1 may have potential application prospects in the
future. These findings provide leads to explore PD pathogenesis and potential treatments.
Melatonin Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma via Regulating
miR-16-5p/PIM1
Authors: Huang Lifa , Yan Zhaoxian , Zhang Xin , Hua Lin 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Melatonin (MT) is a pineal hormone with antineoplastic potential. This study
aims to explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of MT on glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods:
A human GBM cell line, LN229, was used to evaluate the function of MT. Cell viability,
apoptosis, and migration were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively.
The mRNA and protein expressions of specific genes were measured by qRT-PCR and western
blot, respectively. The regulatory relationship between miR-16-5p and PIM1 was validated by dual
luciferase reporter gene assay. A mouse xenograft model was established to prove the anti-tumor
effect and related mechanisms of MT in vivo.

Results:
MT inhibited the viability and migration and promoted the apoptosis of LN229 cells in a
dose-dependent manner. MiR-16-5p was dose-dependently up-regulated by MT in LN229 cells,
negatively regulating its target PIM1. MiR-16-5p inhibitor eliminated the anti-tumor effect of MT in
LN229 cells, while si-PIM1 reversed the effect of miR-16-5p inhibitor in MT-treated cells. MT
inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and MT-induced PIM1 down-regulation was reversed by miR-
16-5p inhibition in tumor tissues.

Conclusions:
MT inhibits the malignant progression of GBM via regulating miR-16-5p-mediated
PIM1.
Keap1 as Target of Genistein on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Antagonizing Aβ
induced Oxidative Damage of Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Xiao Rong , Xi Yuan-Di , Li Xiao-Ying , Chi Ya-Fei , Han Jing , Li Hong-Rui , Wang Xian-Yun , Wang Xuan , Li Tian-Tian , Yu Hui-Yan 
Published: April 2022

Background:
β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) induced oxidative damage contributes to the pathogenesis
of neurodegenerative diseases, and the cerebrovascular system is more vulnerable to oxidative
stress. Our earlier study showed a clue that Genistein (Gen) might activate the Nf-E2 related
factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to protect cerebrovascular cells from oxidative damage induced by Aβ, but
the specific mechanisms and regulation targets are unclear.

Objective:
In this study, the anti-oxidative effects and the possible targets of Gen on regulating the
Nrf2 pathway in bEnd.3 cells were investigated. Cells were divided into control, Aβ25-35, Gen, and
Gen+Aβ25-35 groups.

Methods:
Cell viability, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity,
and nitrotyrosine were evaluated. Moreover, mRNA and/or protein expressions of Nrf2 and kelchlike
ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were measured. Then we transfected Keap1 over-expressed
plasmid into bEnd.3 cells and measured the protein expressions of Nrf2 pathway related factors.

Results:
Data showed that Gen could inhibit the over-production of MDA and nitrotyrosine and
activate SOD activity. Furthermore, we discovered that Gen could up-regulate Nrf2 mRNA and
protein expression while down-regulating Keap1 protein expression. The Keap1 over-expressed
plasmid study revealed that the up-regulation of Nrf2 protein expression induced by Gen pretreatment
could be blocked by transfection of Keap1 over-expressed plasmid, and the same results were
observed in Nrf2 downstream factors.

Conclusion:
Gen could alleviate the cerebrovascular cells' oxidative damage induced by Aβ25-35
by regulating the Nrf2 pathway, and Keap1 might be one of the targets of Gen in activating the Nrf2
pathway.
Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Symptomatic
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing
Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Hu Fayun , Wu Bo , Yang Yuan , Cui Ting , Bai Xueling , Wang Anmo , Zhang Xuening , Wan Jincheng , Wang Changyi , Lu Kun 
Published: April 2022

Background/Objective:
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory
factor, which may be involved in the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after
acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the association between SII and symptomatic intracranial
hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) remains unclear.

Methods:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) who underwent
EVT were consecutively enrolled. Blood samples were collected in the emergency room and
SII was calculated by neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes. Participants were categorized into tertiles
according to admission SII. The main outcome was defined as the occurrence of sICH, following the
European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III (ECASS-III) criteria.

Results:
A total of 379 AIS-LVO patients with EVT were enrolled (median age = 71 years, 52.5%
males). The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 15 (IQR,
12-18). The median of SII was 820.9 × 109/L (IQR, 473.1-1345.2). Forty-three (11.3%) patients
developed sICH. SII was found to be independently associated with sICH after EVT (adjusted odd
ratio (OR) = 1.005 (per 10 units increase); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.008; p = 0.002).
Compared to patients in the lowest SII tertile, patients in the highest tertile had a higher risk of sICH
(adj-OR 3.379; 95% CI 1.302-8.768; p = 0.012). The risk of sICH increased with the increase of SII
in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend = 0.004). There was no interaction between potential modifiers
and SII on sICH.

Conclusions:
Admission SII is positively associated with sICH in AIS-LVO patients treated with
EVT. These results need to be confirmed in future studies.
Proteomic Analysis of Tumor-specific Biomarkers in Colon Cancer
Authors: Chan Hong-Lin , Chien Yu-An , Chou Hsiu-Chuan , Yang Chu-Chun , Wang Yi-Shiuan , Wei Yu-Shan 
Published: April 2022

Background:
With the development of medicine and technological advancement, the
concept of precision medicine is becoming popular, and the traditional principle of all-in-one therapy
has been gradually fading. Utilizing the detection of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and
metabolome, combined with big data analysis to discover new pathogenic mechanisms, provides
more effective prescriptions with fewer side effects and even shifts the emphasis of medicine from
disease treatment to disease prevention.

Methods:
Proteomics is one of the potential tools for monitoring the alternations of protein expression.
This study analyzed the proteomic alternations between normal colon tissue and cancerous colon
tissue via two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to select the potential
target proteins.

Results:
The experimental results demonstrated that a total of 90 proteins were identified, which
were significantly expressed. These proteins were classified according to their functions. They were
found to be mainly associated with cytoskeleton regulation, glycolysis, and protein folding. Furthermore,
immunoblotting was used to verify the differentially expressed proteins, and the results
were in line with the trends in the proteomic analysis.

Conclusion:
To sum up, these differentially expressed proteins could be used as potential and precise
biomarkers in the diagnosis or treatment of colorectal cancer.
Proteome Profiling of Serum Exosomes from Newborns Delivered by
Mothers with Preeclampsia
Authors: Peng Hui , Wu Youjia , Li Haiying , Zhang Xiaoqun , Hong Xianhui , Zhang Shuxuan , Tang Haijun , Shi Jinlong 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-specific disease with potential
adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Objective:
We aimed to estimate proteomic profiles of serum-derived exosomes obtained from PE
offspring with bioinformatics methods.

Method:
Serum samples were collected from 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h newborns delivered by
preeclamptic and normal pregnant women. Exosomes were extracted, and the concentration and size
distribution were determined. The exosome surface markers CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101, were
assayed by Western blot. The exosome proteins were screened by quantitative proteomics with tandem
mass tag (TMT). All the identified proteins were subjected to the Weighted Gene Co-
Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), GO function, and KEGG pathway analysis. A proteinprotein
interaction network (PPI) was used to extract hub proteins through the Cytohubba plugin of
Cytoscape.

Results:
The extracted exosomes were round or oval vesicular structures at a 100-200 nm concentration,
and the size distribution was standard and uniform. Exosome surface markers CD9, CD63,
and CD81 were detected, and TSG101 was not detected. A total of 450 expressed proteins were selected,
and 444 proteins were mapped with gene names. A blue module with 66 proteins highly correlated
with phenotype at 12 h. Functional analyses revealed that module proteins were mainly enriched
in the extracellular matrix. The top 10 selected hub proteins were identified as hub proteins,
including COL6A2, HSPG2, COL4A1, COL3A1, etc.

Conclusion:
Our study provides important information for exploring molecular mechanisms of
preeclampsia and potential biomarkers for future diagnosis and treatment in the clinic.
Co-infections of Schistosoma spp. and Malaria with Hepatitis Viruses from Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Bahadory Saeed , Olfatifar Meysam , Norouzi Mojtaba , Majidiani Hamidreza , Foroutan Masoud 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Co-infection of schistosomiasis and malaria with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
hepatitis C virus (HCV) are common in countries where schistosomiasis and malaria are endemic.

Objective:
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of
malaria/hepatitis viruses and Schistosoma/hepatitis viruses’ co-infections.

Materials and Methods:
Relevant published studies on the co-infection of malaria and Schistosoma
spp. with HBV and HCV were retrieved via international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science,
and Google Scholar). Regarding meta-analysis, the random‐effect model was employed by forest plot
with a 95% of confidence interval (CI).

Results:
A total of 22 studies, including 15 studies with malaria/hepatitis viruses’ co-infection and 7
studies with Schistosoma/hepatitis viruses’ co-infection met the eligibility criteria. The co-infection of
malaria/HCV and malaria/HBV in different populations were 15% (95% CI, 0-77%) and 5% (95% CI,
1-10%), respectively. Moreover, Schistosoma/H CV and Schistosoma/HBV co infection were detected
in 7% (95% CI, 0-54%) and 2% (95% CI, 0-7%), respectively.

Conclusion:
The overlaps between Schistosoma spp. and malaria with hepatitis B and C viruses in
endemic countries with lower income levels were high, which deserve further attention.
Evaluating the Potential of Adathoda vasica against Respiratory Infection
caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kumar Sharly Elgal Nirmal , Jayaraj John Marshal , Muthusamy Karthikeyan , Samuel Jasmine Ranjan , Krishnasamy Gopinath 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Adathoda vasica is the most well-known medicinal herb to treat respiratory
conditions. The leaves of Adathoda vasica have been found to exert a stimulant effect on the respiratory
system. Adathoda vasica leaves contain rich content of alkaloids that contribute to most of
the pharmacological activity.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Adathoda vasica extract against the
respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo and an animal model.

Methods:
The effectiveness of the A. vasica extracts to inhibit the chief respiratory pathogen, K.
pneumoniae, in vivo using CFU assay was carried out in animal models. The bioactive compounds
were screened through GC-MS and were docked with FIMG protein and COVID-19 proteins to assess
the efficacy of the compounds against respiratory infection.

Results:
The result revealed A. vasica as an effective herb against respiratory infection. The ethanol
extract of A. vasica was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Based on the percentage of peak area, three
compounds were chosen for docking analysis for FIMG and SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which revealed
higher binding affinity and interacted with the residues. The greater ZOI by disc diffusion assay and
reduced CFU in plant-treated rat lung tissues confirmed the antibacterial potential of A. vasica
against K. pneumoniae

Conclusion:
The bioactive compounds of A. vasica leaves could be promising candidates to treat
respiratory infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
What Injured Workers With Complex Claims Look For in Online Communities: Netnographic Analysis
Authors: Manning Hutson Michelle , Hosking Sarah M , Mantalvanos Soula , Berk Michael , Pasco Julie , Dunning Trisha 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundImproved understanding of social constructs around injury may help insurance case managers to understand how best to support people after injury.ObjectiveThis study sought to explore what people who sustain work-related injuries may seek from online communities. The study highlights potential opportunities for improved engagement with insurance case management practice.MethodsAn observational netnographic analysis was undertaken on anonymous, publicly available messages posted on Australian message boards. All research data were drawn from anonymous, online communities. A person (author SM) with experience of making a claim through an Australian workers’ compensation system and online engagement was involved in study conception, design, and analysis. Data were analyzed using NVivo12 in an iterative, multistage process including coding, journaling, and member checking. A total of 141 people were engaged in discussion across 47 threads housed on 4 Australian forums.ResultsIn this qualitative study, themes emerged from the data, describing how injured workers use online communities to help make decisions, get support, and solve problems. The key motivators for action and engagement were seeking information, connection, or justice. Establishment of relationships was a key mediator of each of these parameters.ConclusionsSome work-related injuries may involve medical and medicolegal complexity as well as changed lifestyle and routine during convalescence and recovery. The mechanism used by some injured workers to seek information and problem solve suggests a capacity for self-management and self-care after work-related injury. Netnography provides information on a community that may not regularly engage with research because of the complexity of their situation and their vulnerability.
Using Video Games to Improve the Sexual Health of Young People Aged 15 to 25 Years: Rapid Review
Authors: Franco Vega Ignacio , Eleftheriou Anastasia , Graham Cynthia 
Published: April 2022

Background
Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies among young people remain public health concerns in many countries. To date, interventions that address these concerns have had limited success. Serious games are increasingly being used as educational tools in health and professional public education. Although acknowledged as having great potential, few studies have evaluated the use of serious games in sexual health education among young people, and to date, there have been no published reviews of these studies.

Objective
This study aims to assess the effects of video game–based sexual health interventions for risky sexual behavior in young people aged between 15 and 25 years.

Methods
A rapid review of randomized controlled trials and quasi–randomized controlled trials was performed. The search included the following bibliographic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. A total of 2 reviewers independently screened 50% (35/70) of the retrieved articles during the full-text screening phase.

Results
From a total of 459 identified citations, after removing duplicates, 327 (71.2%) articles were deemed eligible for title and abstract screening. Of the 327 articles, 70 (21.4%) full texts were screened, from which 10 (3.1%) articles (evaluating 11 different games) were included in the review. The findings highlighted the considerable diversity in video game–based interventions and assessed sexual health outcomes. Although there were some promising findings in outcome studies using game-based interventions, the results across studies were mixed.

Conclusions
Although game interventions for sexual health have been in existence for almost three decades, relatively few studies have evaluated them, and the results of previous outcome studies have been mixed. Moreover, there is little clarity regarding which specific elements of a game facilitate positive outcomes. We provide recommendations for future researchers developing video game–based interventions to improve sexual health in young people.