bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qui a le droit de parler d’économie ? La parole économique légitime au prisme de l’édition économique contemporaine
Authors: Chahsiche Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2022

On propose dans cet article d’étudier la construction d’une offre plurielle et concurrentielle de discours sur l’économie au travers du marché contemporain du livre d’économie. Par une analyse de correspondances multiples réalisée sur 147 auteurs récents de livres d’économie, on objective dans un premier temps les ressources et les titres au nom desquels les locuteurs s’expriment, puis on met en évidence les effets propres des éditeurs, eux aussi dotés de ressources inégales, sur les discours économiques. L’étude fait ainsi apparaître l’importance du capital académique comme principe de légitimation des discours économiques, mais aussi la façon dont le fonctionnement du champ éditorial pèse sur l’offre de livres économiques en favorisant la publication d’experts multipositionnés.
Arithmetically equivalent fields in a Galois extension with Frobenius Galois group of 2-power degree
Authors: Kida Masanari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet
$F_{2^n}$
be the Frobenius group of degree
$2^n$
and of order
$2^n ( 2^n-1)$
with
$n \ge 4$
. We show that if
$K/\mathbb {Q} $
is a Galois extension whose Galois group is isomorphic to
$F_{2^n}$
, then there are
$\dfrac {2^{n-1} +(-1)^n }{3}$
intermediate fields of
$K/\mathbb {Q} $
of degree
$4 (2^n-1)$
such that they are not conjugate over
$\mathbb {Q}$
but arithmetically equivalent over
$\mathbb {Q}$
. We also give an explicit method to construct these arithmetically equivalent fields.
Characterization of Recalcitrant Dermatophytosis in a Multicenter Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Madarasingha Nayani P. , Eriyagama Surammika , Jayasekera Primali I. , de Silva Weliange Shreenika , Gunasekera Saman , Munasingha D. M. , Rajendran Premini , Ekanayaka S. M. B. , Liyanange Janani , Thamilvannan N. , Sumanasena Buthsiri , Srisaravanabavanathan Felicia , Wijenayake Binari 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
A changing clinical scenario of dermatophytosis has been observed in Sri Lanka during the past few years. In keeping with the trend described in India, an increase in the number of chronic, relapsing, and recalcitrant infections has been noted. The objective of our study was to assess the therapeutic response of dermatophytosis to standard antifungal treatment in Sri Lanka and to identify possible contributory factors in cases showing inadequate therapeutic response. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in nine hospitals, representing each province. Over 6 months, patients with dermatophytosis on glabrous skin were included. All subjects underwent skin scrapings for mycological studies and were treated with a standard course of antifungals for a specific period. In those patients who achieved complete clearance, recurrences were noted. The study included 796 patients, of whom 191 (24%) had symptoms for more than 3 months at presentation. A total of 519 patients (65.2%) had multiple-site involvement, and 503 (63.2%) had evidence of prior use of topical steroids. Skin scrapings were positive for fungal elements in the direct smears of 659 patients (82.8%), and the predominant dermatophyte isolated was Trichophyton mentagrophytes (65.6%). Partial responders after 10 weeks of treatment and recurrences after complete clearance were significantly greater in the group that used topical steroids before presentation (P < 0.001). This study highlights the magnitude of the threat of an inadequate therapeutic response in dermatophytosis in Sri Lanka, and identifies steroid misuse, and the shift of the predominant fungal species to T. mentagrophytes as possible causative factors.
Carriage of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Humans, Animals, and Environment on Farms in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Lan , Tran Hung Thi Mai , Tran Hai Anh , Pham Thai Duy , Luong Tan Minh , Nguyen Thanh Ha , Nguyen Lien Thi Phuong , Nguyen Tho Thi Thi , Hoang Ha Thi An , Nguyen Chi , Tran Duong Nhu , Dang Anh Duc , Suzuki Masato , Le Thanh Viet , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Choisy Marc , Van Doorn Rogier H. , Tran Huy Hoang 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance 1 (mcr-1) was first reported in 2015 and is a great concern to human health. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mcr-1 and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) and the association in infection status among various reservoirs connected to livestock. The study was conducted in 70 poultry and swine farms in a commune in Ha Nam province, northern Vietnam. Samples were collected from farmers, food animals, domestic animals, and farm environments (flies and wastewater) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for mcr-1 gene and species identification of PCR positive isolates. Among 379 obtained mcr-1 positives isolates, Escherichia coli was the major identified, varying from 50% (2/4) in dog feces to 100% (31/31) in humans feces isolates. The prevalence of MCRPEC was 14.4% (20/139), 49.7% (96/193), 31.3% (25/80), 36.7% (40/109), 26.9% (18/67), and 3.9% (2/51) in humans, chickens, pigs, flies, wastewater, and dogs, respectively. The study identified association between MCRPEC infection status in humans and flies (OR = 3.4), between flies and chickens (OR = 5.3), and between flies and pigs (OR = 9.0). Farmers’ age and farm livestock unit were also associated factors of MCRPEC infection status in humans (OR = 5.1 and 1.05, respectively). These findings bring new knowledge on antibiotic resistance in livestock setting and important suggestions on potential role of flies in the transmission of mcr-1 resistance gene.
Association between Antimicrobial Consumption and the Prevalence of Nosocomial Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Lee Mei-Chun , Chang Hsun , Sun Fang-Ju , Wu Alice Ying-Jung , Lu Chien-Hung , Lee Chun-Ming 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales has become a threat in Taiwan. This is the first local study focusing on the association between carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales and antimicrobial consumption. From January 2012 to December 2020, data were collected in a tertiary care hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Antimicrobial consumption was estimated by the defined daily dose/1,000 patient-days. During the same period, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) were collected through routine surveillance data. The following retrospective analyses were conducted: 1) analysis of antimicrobial consumption over time, (2) analysis and forecast of CREC and CRKP prevalence over time, and 3) analysis of correlation between antimicrobial consumption and the prevalence of CREC and CRKP. The consumption of piperacillin/tazobactam (β = 0.615), fluoroquinolones (β = 0.856), meropenem (β = 0.819), and doripenem (β = 0.891) increased during the observation period (P < 0.001), and the consumption of aminoglycosides (β = −0.852) and imipenem/cilastatin (β = −0.851) decreased (P < 0.001). The prevalence of CRKP rose over time (β = 0.522, P = 0.001) and correlated positively with the consumption of fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, and doripenem (P < 0.05). The prevalence of CRKP and CREC both correlated negatively with consumption of aminoglycosides (P < 0.01). The prevalence of CRKP in our hospital increased as the forecast predicted based on an autoregressive integrated moving average model. This study provides alarming messages for members participating in antimicrobial stewardship programs, including the increasing prevalence of CRKP, the increasing consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and the positive correlation between them.
Clinical Performance of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Strongyloides stercoralis Compared with Serology in a Nonendemic Setting
Authors: Swan Christopher , Phan Thuy , McKew Genevieve 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode endemic to subtropical and tropical regions that may cause asymptomatic carriage, peripheral eosinophilia, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary disease, or hyperinfection syndrome. Conventional diagnostic methods for strongyloidiasis include feces microscopy and culture, with low sensitivity in chronic infection due to the low helminth burden, and serology, which may be prone to false-negative results with immunocompromise and false-positive results with other infections and immunological disorders. We evaluated a laboratory-developed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), detecting the 18S SSU ribosomal RNA gene, compared with conventional diagnostic methods, using serology via ELISA as the gold-standard. The population studied included tertiary hospital inpatients and outpatients residing in a nonendemic area. Seven hundred fifty unfixed stool specimens submitted sequentially between 2014 and 2018 were tested for S. stercoralis via microscopy and RT-PCR. Agar plate culture (APC), Harada-Mori culture (HMC), and ELISA were performed in conjunction with 141, 135, and 177 of the specimens, respectively. RT-PCR yielded 13 positive and 730 negative results, with inhibition in seven specimens. ELISA yielded 53 positive, 18 equivocal, and 106 negative results. Results for direct diagnostic methods obtained after treatment with ivermectin were excluded from the performance analysis. Compared with ELISA, RT-PCR, microscopy, APC, and HMC exhibited sensitivities of 38%, 6%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, and specificities of 100%. Given the low sensitivities commensurate with testing a population with remote infection and thus low parasite burden, we recommend a combination of serological and molecular diagnostic testing to achieve the best balance of sensitivity and specificity.
Historical Malaria Epidemics on Previously Non-Endemic Indo-Pacific Islands
Authors: Dennis Shanks G. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Islands without prior malaria have on occasion had severe epidemics after its initial introduction, the most infamous example being the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius in 1867. The historical record was examined to see if additional examples of malaria epidemics on Indo-Pacific islands, which were originally non-malarious had been documented. The late nineteenth century depopulation of Polynesian outliers such as Ontong Java has largely been blamed on malaria. Similar but less well-documented instances exist with both the Western Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Rennell in the Solomon Islands. Specific instances of malaria introduction to Grand Comoros and Aldabra Island in the Seychelles occurred by the early twentieth century. In some cases, the epidemics were caused by changes in anopheline vectors while in others new human populations carrying parasites were the important ecological change. It is, however, remarkable how rarely major malaria epidemics have occurred on Indo-Pacific islands.
A Novel Hospital Medicine Training Track for Internal Medicine Residents: Description and Program Evaluation of the First 15 Years
Authors: Limes Julia , Gottenborg Emily , Anstett Tyler , Brandenburg Suzanne , Diaz Manuel J. , Glasheen Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The growth of hospital medicine has resulted in a parallel growth of hospital medicine training within internal medicine residency programs (IMRPs), but the experience and outcomes of these training offerings have not yet been described.

Objective
To describe the first dedicated hospitalist track and the program evaluation data.

Methods
The University of Colorado Hospitalist Training Track (HTT) is a 3-year track within the IMRP with robust inpatient clinical training, specialized didactics, experiential improvement work, and career mentorship. We collected data on graduates' current practices and board certification pass rates. To further evaluate the track, we electronically sent a cross-sectional survey to 124 graduates from 2005 to 2019 to identify current practice settings, graduate roles, and assessment of the training track.

Results
Among 124 graduates, 97 (78.2%) practice hospital medicine, and the board certification pass rate was slightly higher than the overall IMRP pass rate for those graduating classes. Sixty-two (50%) graduates responded to the survey. Among respondents, 50 (80.6%) currently practice hospital medicine and 34 (54.8%) practice in an academic setting. The majority (50, 80.6%) hold leadership roles and are involved in a variety of scholarship, educational, and operational projects. Dedicated clinical training, didactics, and mentorship were valued by respondents.

Conclusions
This represents the first description and program evaluation of a HTT for IM residents. A dedicated HTT produces graduates who choose hospital medicine careers at high rates and participate in a wide variety of leadership and nonclinical roles.
Controlling Post-Partum Hemorrhage Using A Novel Technique of Multiple Sponge-Holding-Forceps Applied Along Cervical Canal
Authors: Adila Ashraf  , Shazia Abid  , M. B. Jamil  , Naila Mumtaz  , Syeda Abida Ahmed  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is not only one of the leading causes of maternal mortality but also the most feared complication amongst obstetricians. Despite various predictive factors, PPH can occur in low risk pregnancies without predictive factors. Application of sponge holding forceps vaginally can invariably stop bleeding, leading to prevention of serious consequences.
Aims & Objectives: To determine the proportion of success of PPH control using sponge holders applied vaginally to the cervix after failure of medical treatment and before going for hysterectomy, in immediate post partum period.
Place and duration of study: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the labour room, Indus Hospital Raiwind for duration of one year from June 2020 to June 2021.
Material & Methods: Clinical and demographic features were recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Parity and gravidity was determined. Amount of bleeding was estimated and recorded. Additionally, the final result of patients was reported, as well as if they required surgical intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.p value ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean (SD) age in our study was 26.28 (4.11) years. In this study majority of the patients were primipara 65% (n=26) and 35% (n=14) were multipara. On the basis of gravidity, more patients 37.5% (n=15) were primigravida while multigravida and grand multigravida patients were 27.5% (n=11) and 35% (n=14) respectively. The mean (SD) blood loss before the procedure was 720 (200) ml while after the procedure it was 90 (130) ml (p=0.02). This procedure was successful in all the patients and there was no need of further surgical intervention.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that use of sponge holding forceps as cervical clamp around cervix is one of the effective, economic and safe procedure for PPH patients.
Comparative Study of Déjà-Vu and Associated Attributes Among Epileptics and Non-Epileptics
Authors: Amna Liaquat  , Mirza Zeeshan Sikandar  , Syed Imran Ali Shah  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity experienced when one undergoes certain events when in reality it is unknown. Déjà vu in epilepsy has shown to occur frequently, last somewhat longer and associated with fatigue, hyperactivity, exhaustion, headaches, blackouts or fear.
Aims & Objectives: To determine any difference in déjà vu and its parameters among epileptic and normal healthy individuals.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at Central Park Medical College Lahore, Pakistan December 2019 to March 2020.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of the phenomenon of déjà vu between epileptics and non-epileptics. The assessment was done by IDEA questionnaires comprising of 23 items assessing quantitative and qualitative aspects of déjà vu with some additional demographic questions such as age, gender, parental consanguinity, drugs, cause of epilepsy, and fitness status. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23, p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The group difference was present about perceiving of the feeling of recognition between epileptics (2.00 + 2) and non-epileptics (2.00 + 3) with a p-value of 0.037. No significant difference was observed on any other parameter.
Conclusion: The study shows no difference in the prevalence of déjà vu and its associated parameters among both groups. The results have limitations due to sample size, time and resources.
Correlation between Post Exercise Heart Rate Recovery and Body Composition in Healthy Female Adults
Authors: Fahad Azam  , Abida Shaheen  , Hania Naveed  , Afrose Liaquat  , Hania Ahmer  , Khurram Irshad  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) is an indicator of parasympathetic stimulation and impaired HRR is an independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors.
Aims & Objectives: This study aims at documenting the correlation between different body composition variables and post-exercise HRR in the apparently healthy female population of Pakistan.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at Shifa College of Medicine from April 10, 2019 to July 20, 2020.
Material & Methods: Ninety healthy females aged 18 to 50 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition variables including waist circumference (WC), body fat ratio (BFR), body mass index (BMI), and physical activity were measured. Resting heart rate and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure prior to the exercise were measured. Peak heart rate (HR) was recorded immediately after exercise. After two minutes of rest, the drop in HR was measured and HRR was calculated.
Results: Mean age and BMI of the participants were 30.63±9.18 years and 24.56±4.24, respectively. Impaired HRR after two minutes of exercise (HRR2) was found in 63.3% of participants. A significant negative correlation was found between the BMI, BFR and WC with heart rate recovery (r=-0.64, r=-0.67 and -0.66 respectively; p<0.001*). Participants with BMI less than 23 reported higher HRR compared to the subjects with BMI ? 23 (p<0.001*). Study subjects with a BFR of less than 30 reported significantly higher HRR compared to the participants with a body fat ratio?30 (p<0.001*).
Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between HRR2 and body composition variables in healthy female adults.
Adverse Blood Transfusion Reaction in Tertiary Care Hospitals an Initiative Towards Improvement: A Multi Center Study
Authors: Shizra Kaleemi  , Lubna Humayun  , Hamna Salahuddin  , Farah Arif  , Asma Akhtar  , Ayesha Nasir  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Blood and blood components transfusion is a life-saving procedure, but it carries the risk of adverse outcomes. Hemo-vigilance is a surveillance system that includes reporting and analysis of adverse events related to blood transfusion and taking steps to prevent their occurrence or recurrence
Aims & Objectives: This study is to determine the incidence and type of adverse transfusion reactions and type of blood products associated, in patients had undergone blood transfusion.
Place and duration of study: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study Blood bank, Pathology department, University College of Medicine / University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore and Blood bank, Mansoorah Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The study was conducted over a period of 04 years (1st January 2018 to 31st December 2021).
Material & Methods: All the adverse blood transfusion reactions reported to Blood Bank during the 4 years were
analyzed according to institution's protocol.
Results: Out of 9597 units transfused, 72 (0.75%) adverse transfusion reactions were reported. Febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions (0.36%) were the most frequent type of reaction followed by Allergic reactions (0.33%). ATRs were mostly associated with whole blood followed by Pack Cell Volume (PCVs).
Conclusion: For an accurate estimation of ATR incidence, proper transfusion monitoring and reporting of all such responses will be required. To enhance the quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of blood and its components and as well as the donation process, an effective hemo-vigilance system must be established
Association between Depressed Mood and Morbid Obesity: Experience from a Bariatric Surgery Program
Authors: Vishal Farid Raza  , Samiha Choudhry  , Hina Khan  , Sajeel Ahmad  , Anza Talal  , Khalid Javeed Khan  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Obesity is on the rise in Pakistan. This study aims to assess the association of depression and obesity in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery at our center.
Aims & Objectives: To assess the association of depression and obesity in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery at our center.
Place and duration of study: This one-year mixed descriptive study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore between January 2021 and January 2022
Material & Methods: Ninety bariatric surgery patients files were screened to see whether data regarding depression screening and follow-up was complete as per DSM-V formulated depression questionnaire. Patients were then randomly selected and asked for short interviews to understand themes and experiences regarding their mood to understand the association between obesity and depression.
Results: Statistically significant difference existed in the depression scores at each follow-up from the previous score and from baseline, showing decreased weight resulted in lower scores. Themes of (i) financial constraints and economic struggles, (ii) depression linked to eating habits, (iii) anger and irritability as a predominant symptom of low mood, and
(iv) using religion as mental health therapy were picked during the interviews.
Conclusion: Bariatric and metabolic surgery should be offered to patients as per guidelines for patients who require it. Depression and mental health disorders are prevalent in the obese population, and these should be screened for and appropriately dealt with in both the pre-operative and post-operative phase. Surgical candidacy decision should not be based on the presence or absence of mental health disorders.