bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic intestinal muscularis thickening in dogs with histologically confirmed inflammatory bowel disease: 13 cases (2010–2021)
Authors: Collins‐Webb Alexandra G. , Chong Deborah LA. , Cooley Stacy D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUltrasonographic intestinal muscularis thickening has not been described as an imaging feature of canine inflammatory bowel disease. In this retrospective case series, patients were identified by searching sonographic reports for “muscularis” and/or “muscular layer.” Patients were included if small intestinal muscularis thickening was reported, and sonographic images and histopathological samples of the small intestine were available for review. Cases with small intestines nodules, masses, or complete loss of wall layering were excluded. Sonographic images were retrospectively evaluated for jejunal muscularis layer thickness, and ratios of intestinal layer measurements were performed. Histological samples were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen dogs met inclusion criteria: all dogs had sonographic intestinal muscularis thickening relative to the submucosa (>1.0, range of 1.3–2.5), and most dogs had muscular layer thickness above normal published ranges (11/13; all 13/13 above the weight‐specific mean). More than half of the patients had overall normal wall thickness (11/13) and several had normal mucosal echogenicity (6/13). Therefore, in some dogs, the only sonographic abnormality in the small intestine was muscularis thickening. No dogs had lymphadenomegaly. Endoscopic partial‐thickness (n = 11, duodenum and/or ileum) or surgical full‐thickness (n = 2) samples confirmed inflammatory bowel disease. Direct comparison between jejunum sonographic characteristics and histology features was limited due to both partial thickness biopsies and lack of direct comparison between anatomical locations of ultrasonographic assessment and biopsy site. However, no cases that met the inclusion criteria had normal small intestinal histology. Comparable to cats, dogs with ultrasonographic intestinal muscularis thickening may have inflammatory bowel disease, and further workup for enteropathy is indicated.
Combined explanations of B-physics anomalies, $$(g-2)_{e, \mu }$$ and neutrino masses by scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Chen Shao-Long , Jiang Wen-wen , Liu Ze-Kun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe extend the contents of the standard model (SM) by introducing TeV-scale scalar leptoquarks to generate neutrino masses and explain some current observed deviations from the SM predictions, including the anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons (electron and muon) and B-physics anomalies ($$R_{K^{(*)}}$$

R

K

(

∗
)

and $$R_{D^{(*)}}$$

R

D

(

∗
)

). The model consists of $$\text {SU}(2)_L$$

SU

(
2
)

L

singlet leptoquark $$S_1\sim ({\bar{3}}, 1, 1/3)$$

S
1

∼

(

3

¯

,
1
,
1
/
3
)

, doublet leptoquark $${\tilde{R}}_2\sim (3, 2, 1/6)$$

R
~

2

∼

(
3
,
2
,
1
/
6
)

and triplet leptoquark $$S_3\sim ({\bar{3}}, 3, 1/3)$$

S
3

∼

(

3

¯

,
3
,
1
/
3
)

. We combine the constraints arising from the low-energy lepton flavor violation, meson decay and mixing observables. We perform a detailed phenomenological analysis and identify the minimized texture of leptoquark Yukawa matrices to accommodate a unified explanation of the anomalies and neutrino oscillation data.
Slaveholding in the Ottoman Central Lands (1460–1880)
Authors: Canbakal Hülya , Filiztekin Alpay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using probate inventories from multiple locations in the Ottoman central lands, this article offers a quantitative perspective on long-term patterns of slaveholding, slave prices, and demand for slaves. Findings include a continual decline in slave-ownership and related indicators across all social groups and strata, and a decline in prices in connection with trafficking from Africa in the eighteenth century. The investment preferences of the top buyers and the composition of the slave population also indicate that the features of the demand for slaves were neither fixed in any period nor uniform across regions.
Who Will Watch the Watchers? A Critical Perspective on Police Brutality in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Tshoose Clarence Itumeleng , Rapatsa Mashele 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Police brutality is a highly charged topic which has been prevalent both locally and internationally. Scholars contend that theory-based research has recently emerged to precisely explain this police behaviour. There are theorists from several schools of thought who seek to attribute causality for police violence. In this article, three of the more popular existing theories will be examined: social conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and the control balance theory. To this end, the article has three objectives. Firstly, it scrutinises the relevant theories dealing with the issue of police brutality. Secondly, it discusses the relevant domestic and international instruments that seek to address the problem of police brutality. Lastly, this article makes recommendations regarding how the system of policing in South Africa can be revamped.
Fostering Business Growth through Generational Change: Is Guanxi Still Important?
Authors: Xavier Jesrina Ann , Siong Gan Khai , Yew Lee Kean , Jiang Nan , Alagappar Ponmalar N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Malaysian Chinese family businesses have been dynamic in adapting to economic and political changes, given the challenges where policies have favored larger local ethnic groups. This study aims to explore the importance of Malaysian guanxi in nurturing business growth, while investigating the intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic business networks that are tapped by Malaysian Chinese family businesses through generational change. As this study investigates the history of Malaysian Chinese business, it is only apt that the case study method is utilized to identify the role of guanxi in business growth. Data for this study was collected through in-depth interviews with the successors of eight family businesses. Secondary data were collected in two folds for data triangulation. Findings suggest that Malaysian guanxi is crucial especially when the owners intend to grow the business as generations change. Of the eight cases, six cases presented the importance of Malaysian guanxi in business growth through generational change. Although there were two cases suggesting that guanxi could be insignificant in the long run, it is not denied that the cultivation of guanxi by the predecessor remains important to this day. The value of this study is seen in the importance of passing down guanxi through succession while fostering a wider inter-ethnic business network to achieve business growth.
The Inclusion of Women in the Curriculum of Philosophy: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Kjems Bodil Hvass 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, an overwhelming amount of philosophical works by women has been made available by historians of philosophy. However, this (re)discovery is not adequately reflected in the curricula of philosophy departments in general. This paper discusses which argumentative strategy is most feasible in order to include significantly more women in the philosophy curriculum. In From the Exclusion of Women to the Transformation of Philosophy: Reclamation and its Possibilities (2014), Sarah Tyson identifies four reclamation models, which feminist scholars have utilized to contend why and how women should be included in the philosophy canon. It is shown that the key difference between the so-called corrective and transformative model is whether misogyny is considered an intrinsic feature of philosophy or merely an unfortunate development. It is argued that regardless of the ontological status of the philosophical discipline, both strategies promote engagement with women’s work in a way that revolutionizes current philosophical practice.
Naloxone Versus Methylnaltrexone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Habeeb Ehsan A. , Tran Lena K. , Goodberlet Melanie Z. , Lupi Kenneth E. , DeGrado Jeremy R. , Dube Kevin M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) may occur in up to 81% of critically ill patients and can lead to many complications. Opioid antagonists are a reasonable approach and may be used for managing OIC. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of enteral naloxone (NLX) versus subcutaneous methylnaltrexone (MNTX) for the management of OIC in critically ill patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients who received NLX or MNTX and a continuous opioid infusion for at least 48 hours. The primary end point was time to resolution of constipation, defined as hours to first bowel movement (BM) after the first dose of an opioid antagonist. Reversal of analgesia was assessed by comparing the total number of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) 24 hours preopioid and postopioid antagonist administration. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess treatment response within 48 hours. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between patients receiving NTX (n = 89) and MNTX (n = 71). However, the time to the first BM with NLX was 18 hours compared with 41 hours with MNTX ( P = 0.004). There was no difference in MME requirements 24 hours pre/post NLX or MNTX administration. Naloxone administration was identified as a statistically significant predictor of BM within 48 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 2.68 [1.33-5.38]). Conclusion and Relevance: The time to first BM was shorter with enteral NLX. Both NLX and MNTX appear to be effective for the management of OIC without causing reversal of analgesia. Future controlled, prospective trials comparing these agents are warranted.
Effect of Medically Supervised Prolonged Fasting Therapy on Vitamin D, B12, Body Weight, Body Mass Index, Vitality and Quality of Life: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Tewani Gulab Rai , Silwal Karishma , Sharma Gita , Yadav Dinesh , Siddiqui Aarfa , Kriplani Sucheta , Nathani Varsha Vijay , Sharma Neha , Keswani Jyoti , Sharma Hemanshu , Nair Pradeep MK 
Published: October 2022

Background: Recent research indicates prolonged fasting for more than 7 days is beneficial in priming the vitamin D metabolism. However, methodological limitations in previous studies, such as insufficient sample size and a lack of control group, limits its generalizability. The present study evaluated the impact of prolonged fasting (10 days) on vitamin D, vitamin B12, body mass index (BMI), weight, hemoglobin, vitality and quality of life (QoL) compared to a normal diet. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in an in-patient private yoga and naturopathy setting between February and April 2022. A total of 52 participants (mean age 51.57 ± 13.67 years) with varying medical conditions were randomized into a fasting group (FG) or a normal diet group (NDG) with 26 participants in each group. The FG was on a fasting diet (500 kCal/day) which included holy basil herbal tea, lemon honey water, and water (3 L). The NDG (1500 kCal/day) consumed a routine diet that included Indian bread, pulses, steamed rice, vegetable salads, and beverages. Results: The FG has shown significant increase in the Vitamin D levels ( P = .003, d = 0.475), vitality ( P = .006, d = 0.425), physical QoL ( P < .001, d = 0.549), psychological QoL ( P = .002, d = 0.488), and environmental QoL ( P = .004, d = 0.457) compared to NDG. No significant changes were observed in vitamin B12, weight, BMI, haemoglobin, and social QoL. A weak to moderate (ρ = 0.330-0.483) positive correlation was observed between vitality scores and QoL domains, whereas BMI scores showed an inverse correlation (ρ = −.280) with vitamin D levels. Conclusion: The results suggest that prolonged fasting for 10 days can improve vitamin D levels, improve vitality, and promote quality of life compared to a normal diet. Unlike previous studies, the FG does not differ from the NDG concerning weight and BMI. Nevertheless, fasting may be utilized as an effective tool to tackle vitamin D deficiency and associated health insufficiencies.
Emergency Department Visits Within 90 Days of Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Ratnasamy Philip P. , Kammien Alexander J. , Gouzoulis Michael J. , Oh Irvin , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Total ankle replacement (TAR) utilization in the United States has steeply increased in recent decades. Emergency department (ED) visits following TAR impacts patient satisfaction and health care costs and warrant exploration. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the 2010 to 2019 M91Ortho PearlDiver data set to identify TAR patients with at least 90 days of follow-up. PearlDiver contains billing claims data across all sites of care throughout the United States for all indications for care. Patient factors extracted included age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), region of the country in which surgery was performed, insurance plan, and postoperative hospital length of stay. Ninety-day postoperative ED visit incidence, timing, frequency, and primary diagnoses were identified and compared to 1-year postoperative ED visit baseline data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for ED visits. Results: Of 5930 TAR patients identified, ED visits within 90 days were noted for 497 (8.4%) patients. Of all ED visits, 32.0% occurred within 2 weeks following surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed several predictors of ED utilization: younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.35 per decade decrease), female sex (OR 1.20), higher ECI (OR 1.32 per 2-point increase), TAR performed in the western US (OR 1.34), and Medicaid coverage (OR 2.70; 1.71-4.22 relative to Medicare) ( P < .05 each). Surgical site issues comprised 78.0% of ED visits, with surgical site pain (57.0%) as the most common problem. Conclusion: Of 5930 TAR patients, 8.4% returned to the ED within 90 days of surgery, with predisposing demographic factors identified. The highest incidence of ED visits was in the first 2 postoperative weeks, and surgical site pain was the most common reason. Pain management pathways following TAR should be able to be adjusted to minimize the occurrence of postoperative ED visits, thereby improving patient experiences and decreasing health care utilization/costs. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Aerococcus viridans pyelonephritis in a young age female patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a rare case report
Authors: Bapir Rawa , Ahmed Shaho F. , Salih Abdulwahid M. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Hussein Karokh F. Hama , Salih Karzan M. , Ali Rawa M. , Hussein Dlsoz M. , Mustafa Mohammed Q. , Abdalla Berun A. , Salih Rawezh Q. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Aerococcus species are Gram-positive cocci, with negative catalase and oxidase activities and growth characteristics similar to viridans streptococci. They rarely cause infection in humans. However, there are reports of bacteremia, meningitis, septic arthritis, and endocarditis due to this pathogen in the literature. Herein we report a rare case of pyelonephritis due to A. viridans.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old-female patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus was presented with left loin pain, fever, nausea, and anorexia for 3 days. She had a history of obstructive nephropathy due to sloughed necrotic papillae 3 months earlier, mandating bilateral JJ stent insertion. She was treated with a 2 weeks course of doxycycline (100 mg, twice daily) based on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of her urine culture and responded well.

Conclusion
This case highlights the possibility of complicated urinary tracts infection due to a rare human pathogen.
Spontaneous regression of colloid cyst on the third ventricle: a case report with the review of the literature
Authors: Lee Joo-Hwan , Hong Jong-Hwan , Kim Yeong Jin , Moon Kyung-Sub 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Colloid cyst (CC) is a rare and benign cyst found in the third ventricle near the foramen of Monro. Although the role of surgical resection is well established in symptomatic large-sized CC, it remains debatable whether surgical removal of CC with no symptoms or minimal symptoms is necessary.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old male patient visited our institute for incidentally detected intracranial mass. MRI demonstrated typical, 12 mm-sized CC located in the third ventricle. It was noticed that the cyst spontaneously decreased in size from 12 mm to 4 mm on MRI at 18 months after the first visit.

Conclusion
Although spontaneous regression is a very rare phenomenon in CC, regular imaging study and frequent neurologic examination can be an alternative option for well-selected, asymptomatic cases.
Muscle magnetic resonance imaging abnormality in neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kakinuma Yuki , Amano Ryota , Ishida Atsushi , Nishino Ichizo , Taki Katsumi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and occasionally fatal undesirable reaction to dopamine antagonists, and its phenotype is diverse owing to causative drugs. Classically, elevation of serum creatine kinase is described in NMS. Some reports have described muscular pathological findings; however, muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been reported previously.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old woman with a history of schizophrenia presented to our hospital with a high fever, excessive sweating, muscle weakness, and elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Muscle MRI revealed T2 high-intensity lesions in several muscles with gadolinium enhancement, and the pathology of the muscle biopsy showed a very mild presence of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration with type 2c fibers without inflammation. Her symptoms resolved by treatment with levodopa/carbidopa, dantrolene. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with NMS.

Conclusions
This is the first report of muscle MRI abnormalities in a patient with NMS. Muscle MRI abnormalities in NMS may be associated with non-inflammatory myopathic changes. The cause of creatine kinase elevation cannot be explained by abnormal strong muscle contraction nor inflammation.
ATM kinase inhibitor AZD0156 in combination with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in preclinical models of colorectal cancer
Authors: Davis S. Lindsey , Hartman Sarah J. , Bagby Stacey M. , Schlaepfer Marina , Yacob Betelehem W. , Tse Tonia , Simmons Dennis M. , Diamond Jennifer R. , Lieu Christopher H. , Leal Alexis D. , Cadogan Elaine B. , Hughes Gareth D. , Durant Stephen T. , Messersmith Wells A. , Pitts Todd M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
AZD0156 is an oral inhibitor of ATM, a serine threonine kinase that plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) associated with double-strand breaks. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor irinotecan is used clinically to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), often in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU). AZD0156 in combination with irinotecan and 5FU was evaluated in preclinical models of CRC to determine whether low doses of AZD0156 enhance the cytotoxicity of irinotecan in chemotherapy regimens used in the clinic.

Methods
Anti-proliferative effects of single-agent AZD0156, the active metabolite of irinotecan (SN38), and combination therapy were evaluated in 12 CRC cell lines. Additional assessment with clonogenic assay, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblotting were performed in 4 selected cell lines. Four colorectal cancer patient derived xenograft (PDX) models were treated with AZD0156, irinotecan, or 5FU alone and in combination for assessment of tumor growth inhibition (TGI). Immunofluorescence was performed on tumor tissues. The DDR mutation profile was compared across in vitro and in vivo models.

Results
Enhanced effects on cellular proliferation and regrowth were observed with the combination of AZD0156 and SN38 in select models. In cell cycle analysis of these models, increased G2/M arrest was observed with combination treatment over either single agent. Immunoblotting results suggest an increase in DDR associated with irinotecan therapy, with a reduced effect noted when combined with AZD0156, which is more pronounced in some models. Increased TGI was observed with the combination of AZD0156 and irinotecan as compared to single-agent therapy in some PDX models. The DDR mutation profile was variable across models.

Conclusions
AZD0156 and irinotecan provide a rational and active combination in preclinical colorectal cancer models. Variability across in vivo and in vitro results may be related to the variable DDR mutation profiles of the models evaluated. Further understanding of the implications of individual DDR mutation profiles may help better identify patients more likely to benefit from treatment with the combination of AZD0156 and irinotecan in the clinical setting.
Implication of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using aptamer-labeled viramidine nanoparticles
Authors: Abd-Rabou Ahmed A. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Kishta Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem with regional differences in epidemiological statistics. Co-assembling the drug nanoparticles and targeting moieties could improve the therapeutic delivery of anti-cancer drugs. In this attempt, we tracked the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCC cells using viramidine (VRM)-loaded aptamer (APT) nanoparticles. In these NPs, both APT and VRM act as targeted ligands/drugs to HCC cells. The NPs were characterized using TEM, ESI–MS, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The results showed uniform particles with round and smooth shapes on the nano-scale. SRB-based cytotoxicity was performed and IC50 values were measured for HCC versus normal cells upon the proposed treatments. The flow cytometry technique was applied to determine apoptosis, then confirmed using genetic and protein analyses. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) and its enzyme (iNOS) were analyzed to examine the effect of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on apoptosis induction. The present findings indicated that Huh-7 cells were more sensitive to APT-VRM NPs than HepG2 cells, recording the lowest IC50 values (11.23 ± 0.23 µM and 16.69 ± 1.12 µM), as well as the highest significant increase in the apoptotic cells (61.5% and 42%), respectively. Intriguingely, normal BHK-21 cells recorded undetectable IC50 values in the applied NPs, confirming their targeted delivery ability. The genetic expression and protein levels of c-FLIP, Bcl-2, and TNF-α were down-regulated, while FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax were up-regulated upon treatment with APT-VRM NPs. The prepared VRM NPs labeled with APT could significantly elevate NO via activation of iNOS. In conclusion, APT-VRM NPs bioconjugate interferes with HCC cells through NO-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis.