bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life adversity, inflammation, and immune function: An initial test of adaptive response models of immunological programming
Authors: Cunningham Katja , Mengelkoch Summer , Gassen Jeffrey , Hill Sarah E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMuch research indicates that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) predicts chronic inflammatory activity, increasing one’s risk of developing diseases of aging later in life. Despite its costs, researchers have proposed that chronic inflammation may be favored in this context because it would help promote immunological vigilance in environments with an elevated risk of infection and injury. Although intuitively appealing, the assumption that exaggerated inflammatory activity predicts favorable immunological outcomes among those exposed to ELA has not been tested. Here, we seek to address this gap, examining the links between exposure to ELA, inflammation, and immune function. Consistent with others’ work, results revealed that those from low socioeconomic status (SES) childhood environments exhibited exaggerated unstimulated inflammatory activity relative to what was observed among those from higher SES childhood environments. Further, results revealed that – although levels of inflammation predicted the magnitude of immunological responses in those from higher SES backgrounds – for those who grew up in low SES environments, higher levels of inflammation were unrelated to the magnitude of immunological responses. Results suggest that exaggerated inflammatory activity in the context of ELA may not predict improved ability to manage acute immunological threats.
‘Truth’, ‘justice’, and the American wave… function: comments on Alexander Wendt's Quantum Mind and Social Science
Authors: Chernoff Fred 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines several aspects of Alexander Wendt's Quantum Mind and Social Science. The paper questions the nature of the task, as ontologies are debated in a scientific field once there is a widely accepted substantive theory that stands in need of interpretation, as with Newtonian physics or quantum mechanics; doing this job for international relations (IR) is highly questionable give that there is no widely accepted substantive theory of IR that needs an interpretation. Second, the paper questions Wendt's view of the consequences for ontology of quantum theory being replaced in the future; Wendt the interpretation of the history of science maintains that in the physical sciences a new theory subsumes the older theory, including its ontology. But, this seems to misread history, while the empirical content of classical physics is subsumed by relativity theory, it is far from true that the former's ontology was subsumed. The ontologies are in sharp contrast. The paper raises questions also about the notion of ‘truth’ and of the meaningfulness of evaluative concepts like ‘justice’.
COMPASS: A New COnductance Model Based on PFISR And SWARM Satellite Observations
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zou Shasha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIonospheric conductance plays a crucial and active role in magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling processes. Despite its importance, direct global observations of conductance are unavailable. This limitation inspires the development of empirical models that are widely used to specify global distributions of conductance indirectly. In this work, a new model, COnductance Model based on PFISR And SWARM Satellite observations, describing the statistical relationships between conductance and field‐aligned currents (FACs) is presented. The conductance was calculated using the electron densities measured by Poker Flat Incoherent Scattering Radar (PFISR), and the FACs were determined by the magnetic perturbations measured by SWARM at Low‐Earth Orbit. Between 2014 and 2020, there were ∼3,900 conjunction events between PFISR and SWARM, providing a large data set for investigating the relationship between conductance and FACs. It is found that both Hall and Pedersen conductances vary as a power of , and the power index a depends on magnetic local time and the direction of FACs, ranging from 0.0 to 0.6. Properties of this power index a are founded as follows: (a) the largest power index is obtained on the dawn side, and the minimum is at noon; and (b) the power indices are positive for both upward and downward FACs and are larger for upward FACs than downward FACs. The underlying physical mechanisms of the observed variations of the model parameters are also discussed. Despite the complicated relationship between FACs and conductance, this model provides a convenient way to specify global distributions of the auroral zone conductance.
Correspondence Between Model Structures and Hydrological Signatures: A Large‐Sample Case Study Using 508 Brazilian Catchments
Authors: David Paula C. , Chaffe Pedro L. B. , Chagas Vinicius B. P. , Dal Molin Marco , Oliveira Debora Y. , Klein Antonio H. F. , Fenicia Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDaily streamflow dynamics can be accurately simulated by conceptual models as simple as a single bucket in some catchments, while they require more complex configurations in other catchments. However, without resorting to calibration, anticipating where and why a given model structure may be appropriate remains difficult. In this work, we explored the feasibility of relating suitable model structures to the climate and streamflow characteristics of 508 catchments in Brazil. Specifically, we tested four model structures using up to three reservoirs, where each reservoir is intended to represent a catchment function: the rainfall‐runoff threshold, the fast, and the slow hydrograph response. We hypothesized a relationship between suitable model structures and hydrological signatures of aridity (IA) and baseflow index (IB). Our results show that different classes of signatures resulted in distinct patterns of model performance. Wet catchments (IA < 0.9) with low baseflow (IB < 0.4) were the easiest to model, with a single‐reservoir model presenting a relatively good performance. In the case of low baseflow, adding a rainfall‐runoff threshold reservoir resulted in better performance than adding a slow response reservoir, whereas in the case of high baseflow (IB < 0.6) the opposite occurred. In the case of low baseflow, the inclusion of a slow response reservoir helped the simulation of dry catchments (IA < 1.1), but not of wet ones, which we attributed to the impact of permeability in dry catchments. These results indicate a path toward model structure identification from streamflow signatures and potentially from landscape features.
Impacts of Grazing by Small Ruminants on Hillslope Hydrological Processes: A Review of European Current Understanding
Authors: Minea Gabriel , Mititelu‐Ionuș Oana , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah , Ciobotaru Nicu , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnsustainable grazing of animals exerts pressure on a range of environmental factors. This review assessed the impacts of grazing of small ruminants (SRs; sheep and goats) on hydrological processes (e.g., runoff occurrence and erosion) within European pasture lands. It also considered other effects of SRs grazing, such as water pollution. Our research highlights the lack of evidence‐based European literature on the implications of grazing by SRs on the hydrological processes. The available literature is limited to the Mediterranean belt (some areas of Spain and Greece), the British Isles, and the Austrian Alps. The reasons behind the lack of literature are discussed in detail, and the knowledge gaps dealing with SRs have been enumerated. However, there are several articles on the subject within Oceania‐Pacifica and United States settings. Some of the reasons contributing to the limited literature on Europe are the possible underestimation of the significance of the problem, it being considered an unattractive research direction, and/or a lack of research funding. Thus, more research and funding are required to address the European knowledge gaps and limitations related to the impacts of grazing by SRs on the hydrological processes.
Stable isotope variations of dew under three different climates
Authors: Tian Chao , Du Kun , Wang Lixin , Zhang Xiao , Li Fadong , Jiao Wenzhe , Beysens Daniel , Kaseke Kudzai Farai , Medici Marie-Gabrielle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a supplementary or the only water source in dry regions, dew plays a critical role in the survival of organisms. The new hydrological tracer 17O-excess, with almost sole dependence on relative humidity, provides a new way to distinguish the evaporation processes and reconstruct the paleoclimate. Up to now, there is no published daily dew isotope record on δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d-excess, and 17O-excess. Here, we collected daily dew between July 2014 and April 2018 from three distinct climatic regions (i.e., Gobabeb in the central Namib Desert with desert climate, Nice in France with Mediterranean climate, and Indianapolis in the central United States with humid continental climate). The δ2H, δ18O, and δ17O of dew were simultaneously analyzed using a Triple Water Vapor Isotope Analyzer based on Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy technique, and then d-excess and 17O-excess were calculated. This report presents daily dew isotope dataset under three climatic regions. It is useful for researchers to use it as a reference when studying global dew dynamics and dew formation mechanisms.
Gaining confidence in inferred networks
Authors: Diaz Léo P. M. , Stumpf Michael P. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNetwork inference is a notoriously challenging problem. Inferred networks are associated with high uncertainty and likely riddled with false positive and false negative interactions. Especially for biological networks we do not have good ways of judging the performance of inference methods against real networks, and instead we often rely solely on the performance against simulated data. Gaining confidence in networks inferred from real data nevertheless thus requires establishing reliable validation methods. Here, we argue that the expectation of mixing patterns in biological networks such as gene regulatory networks offers a reasonable starting point: interactions are more likely to occur between nodes with similar biological functions. We can quantify this behaviour using the assortativity coefficient, and here we show that the resulting heuristic, functional assortativity, offers a reliable and informative route for comparing different inference algorithms.
Normal product form of two-mode Wigner operator
Authors: He Rui , Liu Xiangyuan , Wei Xiangfei , Wu Congbing , Zhang Gang , Kong Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of normal product, we use the method of the integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators to derive three representations of the two-mode Wigner operator: SU(2) symmetric description, SU(1,1) symmetric description and polar coordinate form. We find that two-mode Wigner operator has multiple potential degrees of freedom. As the physical meaning of the selected integral variable changes, Wigner operator shows different symmetries. In particular, in the case of polar coordinates, we reveal the natural connection between the two-mode Wigner operator and the entangled state representation.
Cost-effective filtering of unreliable proximity detection results based on BLE RSSI and IMU readings using smartphones
Authors: Filus Katarzyna , Nowak Sławomir , Domańska Joanna , Duda Jakub 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndoor environments are a major challenge in the domain of location-based services due to the inability to use GPS. Currently, Bluetooth Low Energy has been the most commonly used technology for such services due to its low cost, low power consumption, ubiquitous availability in smartphones and the dependence of the signal strength on the distance between devices. The article proposes a system that detects the proximity between static (anchors) and moving objects, evaluates the quality of this prediction and filters out the unreliable results based on custom metrics. We define three metrics: two matrics based on RSSI and Intertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings and one joint metric. This way the filtering is based on both, the external information (RSSI) and the internal information (IMU). To process the IMU data, we use machine learning activity recognition models (we apply feature selection and compare three models and choose the best one—Gradient Boosted Decision Trees). The proposed system is flexible and can be easily customized. The great majority of operations can be conducted directly on smartphones. The solution is easy to implement, cost-efficient and can be deployed in real-life applications (MICE industry, museums, industry).
Air processed Cs2AgBiBr6 lead-free double perovskite high-mobility thin-film field-effect transistors
Authors: Abiram Gnanasampanthan , Gourji Fatemeh Heidari , Pitchaiya Selvakumar , Ravirajan Punniamoorthy , Murugathas Thanihaichelvan , Velauthapillai Dhayalan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite thin film for field-effect transistor (FET) applications. The Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films were fabricated using a solution process technique and the observed XRD patterns demonstrate no diffraction peaks of secondary phases, which confirm the phase-pure crystalline nature. The average grain sizes of the spin-deposited film were also calculated by analysing the statistics of grain size in the SEM image and was found to be around 412 (± 44) nm, and larger grain size was also confirmed by the XRD measurements. FETs with different channel lengths of Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films were fabricated, under ambient conditions, on heavily doped p-type Si substrate with a 300 nm thermally grown SiO2 dielectric. The fabricated Cs2AgBiBr6 FETs showed a p-type nature with a positive threshold voltage. The on-current, threshold voltage and hole-mobility of the FETs decreased with increasing channel length. A high average hole mobility of 0.29 cm2 s−1 V−1 was obtained for the FETs with a channel length of 30 µm, and the hole-mobility was reduced by an order of magnitude (0.012 cm2 s−1 V−1) when the channel length was doubled. The on-current and hole-mobility of Cs2AgBiBr6 FETs followed a power fit, which confirmed the dominance of channel length in electrostatic gating in Cs2AgBiBr6 FETs. A very high-hole mobility observed in FET could be attributed to the much larger grain size of the Cs2AgBiBr6 film made in this work.
Involvement of IGF-1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in increased number of GnRH3 neurons during androgen-induced sex reversal of the brain in female tilapia
Authors: Oda Akari , Inoue Sakura , Kaneko Ryo , Narita Yasuto , Shiono Suzuka , Kaneko Toyoji , Tseng Yung-Che , Ohtani-Kaneko Ritsuko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe neuroplastic mechanism of sex reversal in the fish brain remains unclear due to the difficulty in identifying the key neurons involved. Mozambique tilapia show different reproductive behaviours between sexes; males build circular breeding nests while females hold and brood fertilized eggs in their mouth. In tilapia, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 (GnRH3) neurons, located in the terminal nerve, regulate male reproductive behaviour. Mature males have more GnRH3 neurons than mature females, and these neurons have been indicated to play a key role in the androgen-induced female-to-male sex reversal of the brain. We aimed to elucidate the signalling pathway involved in the androgen-induced increase in GnRH3 neurons in mature female tilapia. Applying inhibitors to organotypic cultures of brain slices, we showed that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway contributed to the androgen-induced increase in GnRH3 neurons. The involvement of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)-induced development of GnRH3 neurons was supported by an increase in Igf-1 mRNA shortly after 11-KT treatment, the increase of GnRH3 neurons after IGF-1 treatment and the expression of IGF-1R in GnRH3 neurons. Our findings highlight the involvement of IGF-1 and its downstream signalling pathway in the sex reversal of the tilapia brain.
Systematic analysis of putative phage-phage interactions on minimum-sized phage cocktails
Authors: Molina Felipe , Menor-Flores Manuel , Fernández Lucía , Vega-Rodríguez Miguel A. , García Pilar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents has many benefits in the “post-antibiotic age”. To increase the number of successfully targeted bacterial strains, phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly formulated. Nevertheless, there is currently no consensus pipeline for phage cocktail development. Thus, although large cocktails increase the spectrum of activity, they could produce side effects such as the mobilization of virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. On the other hand, coinfection (simultaneous infection of one host cell by several phages) might reduce the potential for bacteria to evolve phage resistance, but some antagonistic interactions amongst phages might be detrimental for the outcome of phage cocktail application. With this in mind, we introduce here a new method, which considers the host range and each individual phage-host interaction, to design the phage mixtures that best suppress the target bacteria while minimizing the number of phages to restrict manufacturing costs. Additionally, putative phage-phage interactions in cocktails and phage-bacteria networks are compared as the understanding of the complex interactions amongst bacteriophages could be critical in the development of realistic phage therapy models in the future.
Executable network of SARS-CoV-2-host interaction predicts drug combination treatments
Authors: Howell Rowan , Clarke Matthew A. , Reuschl Ann-Kathrin , Chen Tianyi , Abbott-Imboden Sean , Singer Mervyn , Lowe David M. , Bennett Clare L. , Chain Benjamin , Jolly Clare , Fisher Jasmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has pushed healthcare systems globally to a breaking point. The urgent need for effective and affordable COVID-19 treatments calls for repurposing combinations of approved drugs. The challenge is to identify which combinations are likely to be most effective and at what stages of the disease. Here, we present the first disease-stage executable signalling network model of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions used to predict effective repurposed drug combinations for treating early- and late stage severe disease. Using our executable model, we performed in silico screening of 9870 pairs of 140 potential targets and have identified nine new drug combinations. Camostat and Apilimod were predicted to be the most promising combination in effectively supressing viral replication in the early stages of severe disease and were validated experimentally in human Caco-2 cells. Our study further demonstrates the power of executable mechanistic modelling to enable rapid pre-clinical evaluation of combination therapies tailored to disease progression. It also presents a novel resource and expandable model system that can respond to further needs in the pandemic.
Impaired phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes promotes inflammation
Authors: Maqdasy Salwan , Lecoutre Simon , Renzi Gianluca , Frendo-Cumbo Scott , Rizo-Roca David , Moritz Thomas , Juvany Marta , Hodek Ondrej , Gao Hui , Couchet Morgane , Witting Michael , Kerr Alastair , Bergo Martin O. , Choudhury Robin P. , Aouadi Myriam , Zierath Juleen R. , Krook Anna , Mejhert Niklas , Rydén Mikael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms promoting disturbed white adipocyte function in obesity remain largely unclear. Herein, we integrate white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolomic and transcriptomic data from clinical cohorts and find that the WAT phosphocreatine/creatine ratio is increased and creatine kinase-B expression and activity is decreased in the obese state. In human in vitro and murine in vivo models, we demonstrate that decreased phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes alters adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity via effects on adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate levels, independently of WAT beigeing. This disturbance promotes a pro-inflammatory profile characterized, in part, by increased chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) production. These data suggest that the phosphocreatine/creatine system links cellular energy shuttling with pro-inflammatory responses in human and murine white adipocytes. Our findings provide unexpected perspectives on the mechanisms driving WAT inflammation in obesity and may present avenues to target adipocyte dysfunction.
Ptychography at the carbon K-edge
Authors: Mille Nicolas , Yuan Hao , Vijayakumar Jaianth , Stanescu Stefan , Swaraj Sufal , Desjardins Kewin , Favre-Nicolin Vincent , Belkhou Rachid , Hitchcock Adam P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPtychography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique that measures diffraction patterns at many overlapping points on a sample and then uses an algorithm to reconstruct amplitude and phase images of the object and probe. Here, we report imaging, spectroscopy and linear dichroism ptychographic measurements at the carbon K-edge. This progress was achieved with a new generation of scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) X-ray cameras with an uncoated image sensor which has fast image transfer and high quantum efficiency at the carbon K-edge. Reconstructed amplitude and phase contrast images, C 1s spectral stacks, and X-ray linear dichroism of carbon nanotubes at the carbon K-edge were measured with ptychography. Ptychography and conventional Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) are compared using results acquired from the same area. Relative to STXM, ptychography provides both improved spatial resolution and improved image quality. We used defocus ptychography, with an X-ray beam spot size of 1.0 micron, in order to reduce radiation damage and carbon deposition. Comparable spatial resolution was achieved to that of ptychography performed with a focused beam. Ptychography at the carbon K-edge offers unique opportunities to perform high resolution spectromicroscopy on organic materials important in medicine, biology, environmental science and energy materials.