bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical evaluation of femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis
Authors: Kostrub O. O. , Polyachenko Yu. V. , Gerasimenko M. A. , Vadzyuk N. S. , Kryvenyuk V. V. , Kotyuk V. V. 
Published: September 2022

Bone geometry, density, and thickness of the cortical layer of the femoral neck (FN) contribute to the mechanical strength in osteosythesis of femoral neck fractures (FNF) in young adults. The available techniques for fracture fixation of the FN are reviewed with respect to the biomechanical stability.A biomechanical study of the osteosynthesis stability of the FNF with three cannulated screws was carried out using synthetic models of the proximal part of the femoral bone (FB). The experimental models were divided into 4 groups. Each group related to the configuration of screws in the FN. The vertical and horizontal FNF stability was assessed using two series of load. In series I, models were loaded with forces in the longitudinal axis to the FB and in series II, forces acted in the perpendicular direction to the FB axis. The loading forces were evaluated when the displacement of 2 mm fragments was achieved. The highest stability strengths were obtained in group I in the both series ‒ 1898 N with a vertical load and 1046 N with a horizontal load. Further, in decreasing order, the results of stability were obtained in groups II, III and IV.In this study, it was found that the consideration of the position of screws according to architectonics of the FN is crucial for fragment stability. The triangular position of screws with three points of contact with the compact bone ensures the maximum stability of the construct in osteosynthesis of the FN fractures, which is comparable to the normal walking load conditions.We hypothesize that osteosynthesis of FN fractures with three screws in a triangular manner could provide a better stability when inserted into the dense tissues of the proximal FB with relation to bone architectonics. To ensure a maximum stability, each screw should have three points of contact with the compact bone – the lateral cortical wall of the subtrochanteric region of the FB, the inner wall of the FN, and the compact part of the FB head. New triangular configuration of screws’ placement could have a better neutralization of share forces in FN fractures.
The Relationship between Fear of Covid-19, Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women
Authors: AKALIN Ayşe , AYHAN Fatma , GÖYNÜMER Gökhan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) fear, anxiety and depression on pregnant women.
Methods: The cross-sectional, correlational research was conducted with 335 pregnant women from June to October 2020 at the antenatal outpatient clinics of a university hospital. Data were collected using Description Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Results: The FCV-19S, BAI and EPDS average scores were 21.12±6.56, 6.39±5.48 and 8.13±9.13, respectively, indicating pregnant women' levels of COVID-19 fear were moderately high and their anxiety and depression levels were moderate. Overall, 14.0% of pregnant women had depression risk and 42.4% had symptoms of anxiety (26.3% low level, 10.4% moderate level and 5.7% high level). A positive, significant relationship was found between the COVID-19 fear level and depression (r=0.207, p
Determining the Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge and Behavior in Adults Living in an Region with Four Seasons of Sun
Authors: NECİPOĞLU Dilay , ELYELİ Kemal , BEBİŞ Hatice 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between skin cancer and sun knowledge and sun protection behavior of adults living in Dikmen region.
Methods: The type of research was cross-sectional. From the population served by the primary health care center (N=1078) located in Dikmen region, the sample of n=284 individuals who applied to the health center while the study was being conducted and volunteered to participate in the study were taken. The data were collected with the 'Socio-Demographic data form', 'Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale', 'Skin Cancer and Sun Information Scale' and 'Sun Protection Behavior Scale'. Frequency, percentage, mean, Independent t Test, One-way Anova and Pearson Correlation Test were used for data analysis.
Results: Participants had the mean age of 49.04±17.65 and 53.2% of them were female. When the skin types of participants were examined according to the Fitzparick classification, it was found that 32.7% of them had average skin color and there were no individuals with very dark/black skin. The 'Skin cancer and sun knowledge scale' of the participants were determined as 12.88±2.51 (min:7.0; max:21.0). The total mean score of the participants in the 'Sun protection behavior scale' was 23.67±6.84 (min:8.0; max:40.0). A positive, weak, statistically valuable relationship was realized between the participants' overall mean score of the 'Skin Cancer and Sun Information Scale' and the total mean score of the 'Sun Protection Behavior Scale' (p
Effects of Chromosomal Translocations on Sperm Count in Azoospermic and Oligospermic Cases
Authors: AYAZ Akif , YALÇINTEPE Sinem , ÖZALP YÜREĞİR Özge , YILMAZ GÜLEÇ Elif , GEZDİRİCİ Alper , PERİM AKÇAY Ebru , KÖSEOĞLU Abdullah Hüseyin , ŞAHİN Yavuz 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of chromosomal translocations on spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. However, there are still numerous ambiguous issues regarding these two processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chromosome break areas on sperm count in the light of the literature.
Material and Methods
The study was conducted on the data of 16 male patients with reciprocal or Robertsonian translocation among 152 patients who were admitted to Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital and Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital Genetic Diagnosis Centers between 2013 and 2016 due to azoospermia and oligospermia.
Results
11 of these patients had reciprocal and five patients had Robertsonian translocations. All the patients with Robertsonian translocations were detected with azoospermia. Of the patients with reciprocal translocation, five of them were azoospermic and six of them were severe oligospermic.
Conclusion
A total of 21 chromosomal breakpoints were identified in the 11 patients with reciprocal translocations. These chromosomal breakpoints may contribute to the clarification of ambiguous issues related to spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. The results also showed the importance of genetic counselling in patients with translocations.
Effect of Treatment Modality on Mobility and Quality of Life in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: KARADEMIR Gokhan , BİLGİN Yücel , DEMİREL Mehmet , POLAT Gökhan , ERŞEN Ali , KIZILKURT Taha , BÜGET Mehmet , YAZICIOĞLU Önder 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate mobility and quality of life in patients who underwent osteosynthesis with proximal femoral nail (PFN), or arthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods: Treatment outcomes of 117 patients (76 Female/41 Male) who were treated with PFN (Group 1, n=66), hemiarthroplasty (Group 2, n=42), or total hip arthroplasty (Group 3, n=9) between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. The mobility of the patients was evaluated with the Palmer and Parker mobility score, and the quality of life was evaluated with the Barthel quality of life index.
Results: The mean ages in the groups were 83.51 (range, 75-97) years, 84.72 (range, 75-109) years, and 83.37 (range, 75-94) years; respectively. The mean follow-up periods were 23.26 (range, 3-43.9) months, 19.24 (range, 3-38) months, and 20.1 (range, 3-40) months; respectively. There was no statistical difference between the 3 groups in terms of age and follow-up time (p>0.05). Palmer-Parker mobility scores were 6.23 for Group 1, 3.68 for Group 2, and 4.22 for Group 3. Barthel Indexes were 68.73 for Group 1, 37.75 for Group 2, and 52.77 for Group 3. Group 1 had a statistically significantly higher Palmer-Parker mobility and Barthel Index score than Group 2 and Group 3 (p
The endoscopic anterior transmaxillary temporal pole approach for mesial temporal lobe epilepsies: a feasibility study
Authors: Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge A. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Mallela Arka N. , McDowell Michael M. , Henry Luke , Fernandes Cabral David T. , Sweat James , Urban Alexandra , Fong Joanna , Barot Niravkumar , Castellano James F. , Rajasekaran Vijayalakshmi , Bagic Anto , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the ideal surgical approach to achieve seizure freedom and minimize morbidity is an unsolved question. Selective approaches to mesial temporal structures often result in suboptimal seizure outcomes. The authors report the results of a pilot study intended to evaluate the clinical feasibility of using an endoscopic anterior transmaxillary (eATM) approach for minimally invasive management of MTLEs.

METHODS
The study is a prospectively collected case series of four consecutive patients who underwent the eATM approach for the treatment of MTLE and were followed for a minimum of 12 months. All participants underwent an epilepsy workup and surgical care at a tertiary referral comprehensive epilepsy center and had medically refractory epilepsy. The noninvasive evaluations and intracranial recordings of these patients confirmed the presence of anatomically restricted epileptogenic zones located in the mesial temporal structures. Data on seizure freedom at 1 year, neuropsychological outcomes, diffusion tractography, and adverse events were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
By applying the eATM technique and approaching the far anterior temporal lobe regions, mesial-basal resections of the temporal polar areas and mesial temporal structures were successfully achieved in all patients (2 with left-sided approaches, 2 with right-sided approaches). No neurological complications or neuropsychological declines were observed. All 4 patients achieved Engel class Ia outcome up to the end of the follow-up period (19, 15, 14, and 12 months). One patient developed hypoesthesia in the left V2 distribution but there were no other adverse events. The low degree of white matter injury from the eATM approach was analyzed using high-definition fiber tractography in 1 patient as a putative mechanism for preserving neuropsychological function.

CONCLUSIONS
The described series demonstrates the feasibility and potential safety profile of a novel approach for medically refractory MTLE. The study affirms the feasibility of performing efficacious mesial temporal lobe resections through an eATM approach.
Clinical outcome of imaging-based programming for anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Freund Brin E. , Greco Elena , Okromelidze Lela , Mendez Julio , Tatum William O. , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Middlebrooks Erik H. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The authors hypothesized that the proximity of deep brain stimulator contacts to the anterior thalamic nucleus–mammillothalamic tract (ANT-MMT) junction determines responsiveness to treatment with ANT deep brain stimulation (DBS) in drug-resistant epilepsy and conducted this study to test that hypothesis.

METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated patients who had undergone ANT DBS electrode implantation and whose devices were programmed to stimulate nearest the ANT-MMT junction based on direct MRI visualization. The proximity of the active electrode to the ANT and the ANT-MMT junction was compared between responders (≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency) and nonresponders. Linear regression was performed to assess the percentage of seizure reduction and distance to both the ANT and the ANT-MMT junction.

RESULTS
Four (57.1%) of 7 patients had ≥ 50% reduction in seizures. All 4 responders had at least one contact within 1 mm of the ANT-MMT junction, whereas the 3 patients with < 50% seizure improvement did not have a contact within 1 mm of the ANT-MMT junction. Additionally, the 4 responders demonstrated contact positioning closer to the ANT-MMT junction than the 3 nonresponders (mean distance from MMT: 0.7 mm on the left and 0.6 mm on the right in responders vs 3.0 mm on the left and 2.3 mm on the right in nonresponders). However, proximity of the electrode contact to any point in the ANT nucleus did not correlate with seizure reduction. Greater seizure improvement was correlated with a contact position closer to the ANT-MMT junction (R2 = 0.62, p = 0.04). Seizure improvement was not significantly correlated with proximity of the contact to any ANT border (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.26).

CONCLUSIONS
Obtained using a combination of direct visualization and targeted programming of the ANT-MMT junction, data in this study support the hypothesis that proximity to the ANT alone does not correlate with seizure reduction in ANT DBS, whereas proximity to the ANT-MMT junction does. These findings support the importance of direct targeting in ANT DBS, as well as imaging-informed programming. Additionally, the authors provide supportive evidence for future prospective trials using ANT-MMT junction for direct surgical targeting.
Trends in utilization of standardized letters of recommendation in the 2021–2022 neurosurgery application process
Authors: Feldman Michael J. , Ortiz Alexander V. , Roth Steven G. , Dambrino Robert J. , Yengo-Kahn Aaron M. , Chitale Rohan V. , Chambless Lola B. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) were introduced during the 2020–2021 neurosurgery residency application cycle, but suffered from poor interrater reliability and grade inflation. Changes were made to the SLOR template and utilization patterns in response to these shortcomings. The authors examined the second year of SLOR utilization. They hypothesized that grade inflation and interrater reliability would be improved from the first iteration. They also hypothesized that increased numbers of letters by single writers would correlate with broader rating distributions.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed all SLORs submitted to a single neurosurgery residency program over the 2021–2022 cycle. Data from 7 competency domains and the overall rating were recorded and stratified by academic category of the letter writer. Interrater reliability was evaluated using Krippendorff’s alpha. The frequency of letters written was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test.

RESULTS
Ninety percent of SLORs rated applicants among the top 25%, but there was a significant decrease in the usage of the top 1% and top 2%–5% ratings. Interrater reliability was poor across all competencies. Writers who completed 1 SLOR rated applicants higher and had a narrower range than those who completed multiple SLORs.

CONCLUSIONS
Changes in the format and subsequent utilization patterns of SLORs have slightly decreased grade inflation; however, interrater reliability remains poor. The most wide-ranging evaluators submitted the highest number of SLORs, suggesting that future evaluation and usage of SLORs should emphasize letter-writer characteristics and numbers of SLORs written. Overall, SLORs have been well and broadly accepted with subtle improvements in the second year of utilization.
Effect of embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a case-control study with propensity score matching
Authors: Hasegawa Toshinori , Kato Takenori , Naito Takehiro , Mizuno Akihiro , Koketsu Yuta , Hirayama Kento , Niwa Hirotaka 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endovascular embolization prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has a negative impact on nidus obliteration for patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

METHODS
A total of 704 eligible patients with AVM who did not undergo prior surgery or radiotherapy were evaluated. Of these patients, 593 were treated with SRS only, and 111 were treated with embolization followed by SRS (E+SRS). Most patients in the E+SRS group (88%) underwent embolization with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. In the comparison of radiosurgical outcomes between patients treated with SRS only and E+SRS, these groups were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching to eliminate differences in basic characteristics. The primary outcome was to compare the nidus obliteration rates between the SRS-only and E+SRS groups. The secondary outcomes were the comparison of cumulative hemorrhage rates and the incidence of cyst formation or chronic encapsulated hematoma after SRS between these groups.

RESULTS
In the unmatched cohorts, the actuarial 3-, 5-, and 8-year nidus obliteration rates after a single SRS session were 49.6%, 69.4%, and 74.1% in the SRS-only group, respectively, and 30.7%, 50.9%, and 68.6% in the E+SRS group, respectively (p = 0.001). In the matched cohort of 98 patients in each group, the rates were 47.1%, 62.0%, and 69.6% in the SRS-only group and 32.5%, 55.3%, and 75.0% in the E+SRS group, respectively (p = 0.24). There was no significant difference in either cumulative hemorrhage or the incidence of cyst formation or chronic encapsulated hematoma between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Pre-SRS embolization did not affect nidus obliteration rates, cumulative hemorrhage rates, or the incidence of cyst formation or chronic encapsulated hematoma as late adverse radiation effects in patients with AVM treated with SRS.
The neurosurgical marriage: evaluating the interplay of work life and home life from the perspective of partners of neurosurgical residents
Authors: Ares William J. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Kan Peter , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Nakaji Peter , Wilson Jason D. , Fargen Kyle M. , Ramos Edwin , Leonardo Jody , Grandhi Ramesh 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Burnout and work-life balance have been noted to be problems for residents across all fields of medicine, including neurosurgery. No studies to date have evaluated how these factors may contribute to issues outside of the hospital, specifically residents’ home lives. This study aimed to evaluate the interplay between home life and work life of neurosurgical residents, specifically from the point of view of residents’ significant others.

METHODS
Online surveys were distributed to the significant others of neurosurgical residents at 12 US neurosurgery residencies. Residents’ partners were asked about relationship dynamics, their views on neurosurgery residency (work-life balance and burnout), and their views of neurosurgery as a career.

RESULTS
The majority of residents’ significant others (84%) reported being satisfied with their relationship. Significant others who reported dissatisfaction with their relationship were more likely to report frustration with work-life balance and more likely to report their resident partner as having higher levels of burnout.

CONCLUSIONS
From the perspective of neurosurgery residents’ significant others, higher perceived levels of burnout and lower satisfaction with work-life balance are correlated with lower levels of relationship satisfaction. These findings speak to the complex interplay of work life and home life and can be used to inform future interventions into improving the quality of life for both the resident and the significant other.
Reduction of sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2–associated vestibular schwannoma growth in vitro and in vivo after treatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor AS602801
Authors: Dougherty Mark C. , Shibata Seiji B. , Clark J. Jason , Canady Franklin J. , Yates Charles W. , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign nerve sheath tumors that result from mutation in the tumor suppressor gene NF2, with functional loss of the protein merlin. The authors have previously shown that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is constitutively active in human VS cells and plays a central role in their survival by suppressing accumulation of mitochondrial superoxides, implicating JNK inhibitors as a potential systemic treatment for VS. Thus, the authors hypothesized that the adenosine 5ʹ-triphosphate–competitive JNK inhibitor AS602801 would demonstrate antitumor activity in multiple VS models.

METHODS
Treatment with AS602801 was tested in primary human VS cultures, human VS xenografts, and a genetic mouse model of schwannoma (Postn-Cre;Nf2flox/flox). Primary human VS cell cultures were established from freshly obtained surgical tumor specimens; treatment group media was enriched with AS602801. VS xenograft tumors were established in male athymic nude mice from freshly collected human tumor. Four weeks postimplantation, a pretreatment MRI scan was obtained, followed by 65 days of AS602801 (n = 18) or vehicle control (n = 19) treatment. Posttreatment MRI scans were used to measure final tumor volume. Tumors were then harvested. Finally, Postn-Cre;Nf2flox/flox mice were treated with AS602801 (n = 10) or a vehicle (n = 13) for 65 days. Posttreatment auditory brainstem responses were obtained. Dorsal root ganglia from Postn-Cre;Nf2flox/flox mice were then harvested. In all models, schwannoma identity was confirmed with anti-S100 staining, cell proliferation was measured with the EdU assay, and cell death was measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. All protocols were approved by the local institutional review board and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees.

RESULTS
Treatment with AS602801 decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in primary human VS cultures. The systemic administration of AS602801 in mice with human VS xenografts reduced tumor volume and cell proliferation. Last, the AS602801-treated Postn-Cre;Nf2flox/flox mice demonstrated decreased cell proliferation in glial cells in the dorsal root ganglia. However, AS602801 did not significantly delay hearing loss in Postn-Cre;Nf2flox/flox mice up to 3 months posttreatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that JNK inhibition with AS602801 suppresses growth of sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2–associated VSs. As such, AS602801 is a potential systemic therapy for VS and warrants further investigation.