bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weekly Cisplatin Plus Radiation for Postoperative Head and Neck Cancer (JCOG1008): A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kiyota Naomi , Tahara Makoto , Mizusawa Junki , Kodaira Takeshi , Fujii Hirofumi , Yamazaki Tomoko , Mitani Hiroki , Iwae Shigemichi , Fujimoto Yasushi , Onozawa Yusuke , Hanai Nobuhiro , Ogawa Takenori , Hara Hiroki , Monden Nobuya , Shimura Eiji , Minami Shujiro , Fujii Takashi , Tanaka Kaoru , Homma Akihiro , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Oridate Nobuhiko , Omori Koichi , Ueda Tsutomu , Okami Kenji , Ota Ichiro , Shiga Kiyoto , Sugasawa Masashi , Asakage Takahiro , Saito Yuki , Murono Shigeyuki , Nishimura Yasumasa , Nakamura Kenichi , Hayashi Ryuichi ,   the Head and Neck Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG-HNCSG)
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE The standard treatment for postoperative high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) is chemoradiotherapy with 3-weekly cisplatin (100 mg/m2). However, whether chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) yields comparable efficacy with 3-weekly cisplatin in postoperative high-risk LA-SCCHN is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multi-institutional open-label phase II/III trial, patients with postoperative high-risk LA-SCCHN were randomly assigned to receive either chemoradiotherapy with 3-weekly cisplatin (100 mg/m2) or with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) to confirm the noninferiority of weekly cisplatin. The primary end point of phase II was the proportion of treatment completion, and that of phase III was overall survival. A noninferiority margin of hazard ratio was set at 1.32. RESULTS Between October 2012 and December 2018, a total of 261 patients were enrolled (3-weekly cisplatin, 132 patients; weekly cisplatin, 129 patients). At the planned third interim analysis in the phase III part, after a median follow-up of 2.2 (interquartile range 1.19-3.56) years, chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin was noninferior to 3-weekly cisplatin in terms of overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.69 (99.1% CI, 0.374 to 1.273 [< 1.32], one-sided P for noninferiority = .0027 < .0043). Grade 3 or more neutropenia and infection were less frequent in the weekly arm (3-weekly v weekly, 49% v 35% and 12% v 7%, respectively), as were renal impairment and hearing impairment. No treatment-related death was reported in the 3-weekly arm, and two (1.6%) in the weekly arm. CONCLUSION Chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin is noninferior to 3-weekly cisplatin for patients with postoperative high-risk LA-SCCHN. These findings suggest that chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin can be a possible treatment option for these patients.
Proposal for a New Pathologic Prognostic Index After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PINC)
Authors: Redegalli M. , Schiavo Lena M. , Cangi M. G. , Smart C. E. , Mori M. , Fiorino C. , Arcidiacono P. G. , Balzano G. , Falconi M. , Reni M. , Doglioni C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Limited information is available on the relevant prognostic variables after surgery for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). NACT is known to induce a spectrum of histological changes in PDAC. Different grading regression systems are currently available; unfortunately, they lack precision and accuracy. We aimed to identify a new quantitative prognostic index based on tumor morphology.

Patients and Methods
The study population was composed of 69 patients with resectable or borderline resectable PDAC treated with preoperative NACT (neoadjuvant group) and 36 patients submitted to upfront surgery (upfront-surgery group). A comprehensive histological assessment on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections evaluated 20 morphological parameters. The association between patient survival and morphological variables was evaluated to generate a prognostic index.

Results
The distribution of morphological parameters evaluated was significantly different between upfront-surgery and neoadjuvant groups, demonstrating the effect of NACT on tumor morphology. On multivariate analysis for patients that received NACT, the predictors of shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were perineural invasion and lymph node ratio. Conversely, high stroma to neoplasia ratio predicted longer OS and DFS. These variables were combined to generate a semiquantitative prognostic index based on both OS and DFS, which significantly distinguished patients with poor outcomes from those with a good outcome. Bootstrap analysis confirmed the reproducibility of the model.

Conclusions
The pathologic prognostic index proposed is mostly quantitative in nature, easy to use, and may represent a reliable tumor regression grading system to predict patient outcomes after NACT followed by surgery for PDAC.
Left Ventricular Adaptation to Exercise Training via Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise THerapy
Authors: MARSH CHANNA E. , THOMAS HANNAH J. , NAYLOR LOUISE H. , DEMBO LAWRENCE G. , SCURRAH KATRINA J. , GREEN DANIEL J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Changes in left ventricular mass (LVM) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) in response to exercise training are important determinants of functional capacity in health and disease, but the impact of different exercise modalities remains unclear.

Methods
Using a randomized crossover design we studied the impact of resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in previously untrained monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (n = 72; 22 MZ pairs, 14 DZ same-sex pairs; 26.1 ± 5.4 yr). Twins, as pairs, undertook 3 months of RES and 3 months of END training (order randomized), separated by a 3-month washout.

Results
Group results revealed that END increased LVM (P < 0.001) and EDV (P = 0.007), whereas RES did not (P > 0.05). A higher proportion of individuals responded to END than RES for LVM (72% vs 38%, P < 0.001) and EDV (67% vs 40%, P = 0.003). Baseline cross-sectional intraclass correlations were higher for MZ than DZ twin pairs for all variables (e.g., LVM heritability = 0.42), but no significant correlations were apparent between pairs for change in any variable in response to either RES or END (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that cardiac adaptation in response to exercise is modality-specific and that low responders to one mode of exercise can be high responders to an alternative. Heritability estimates based on cross-sectional data, which suggested a genetic contribution to LVM, do not accord with estimates based on training effects, which indicated limited genetic impact on adaptation in this 3-month study of exercise training. This study has implications for understanding the physiological and health impacts of typically used exercise modalities on cardiac adaptation in previously untrained individuals.
Patterns of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: BRADY RUTH , BROWN WENDY J. , HILLSDON MELVYN , MIELKE GREGORE I. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on accelerometer-measured physical activity and health outcomes in adults.

Methods
Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2021. Only population-based studies of adults (age ≥18 yr) that directly compared two or more categories of physical activity (i.e., bout duration, intensity, and daily/weekly frequency) with a health outcome (e.g., mortality, cardiometabolic, healthy aging, depression, sleep, and brain structure) were included.

Results
Of the 15,923 publications retrieved, 52 articles were included. Twenty-eight studies directly compared the associations between physical activity accumulated in different bout durations, 31 studies directly compared the associations between physical activity accumulated in different intensities, and 9 studies directly compared the associations between the effects of varying daily and weekly frequencies of physical activity, with health outcomes. Most showed no differences in relationships with health outcomes when physical activity was accumulated in short (<10-min) or long (≥10-min) bouts. Overall, there were no differences in the relationships with most health outcomes when different intensities and daily/weekly frequencies were compared. However, in most studies, researchers did not adjust their analyses for total volume of physical activity. Moreover, variations in researcher-driven decisions about data collection and processing methods made it difficult to compare study findings.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that physical activity accumulated in many patterns of bout duration, intensity, or daily/weekly frequency is associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes in adults. Lack of adjustment for total volume of physical activity in most studies and inconsistent methods for defining components of physical activity prevent firm conclusions about which specific patterns of bout duration, intensity, and daily/weekly frequency are most important for health benefits.
Radiation and iodine dose reduced thoraco-abdomino-pelvic dual-energy CT at 40 keV reconstructed with deep learning image reconstruction
Authors: Noda Yoshifumi , Kawai Nobuyuki , Kawamura Tomotaka , Kobori Akikazu , Miyase Rena , Iwashima Ken , Kaga Tetsuro , Miyoshi Toshiharu , Hyodo Fuminori , Kato Hiroki , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of a simultaneous reduction of radiation and iodine doses in dual-energy thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT reconstructed with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Methods:
Thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT was prospectively performed in 111 participants; 52 participants underwent a standard-dose single-energy CT with a standard iodine dose (600 mgI/kg; SD group), while 59 underwent a low-dose dual-energy CT with a reduced iodine dose [300 mgI/kg; double low-dose (DLD) group]. CT data were reconstructed with a hybrid iterative reconstruction in the SD group and a high-strength level of DLIR at 40 keV in the DLD group. Two radiologists measured the CT numbers of the descending and abdominal aorta, portal vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidney, and background noise. Two other radiologists assessed diagnostic acceptability using a 5-point scale. The CT dose-index volume (CTDIvol), iodine weight, CT numbers of anatomical structures, background noise, and diagnostic acceptability were compared between the two groups using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
The median CTDIvol [10 mGy; interquartile range (IQR), 9–13 mGy vs 4 mGy; IQR, 4–5 mGy] and median iodine weight (35 g; IQR, 31–38 g vs 16 g; IQR, 14–18 g) were lower in the DLD group than in the SD group (p &lt; 0.001 for each). The CT numbers of all anatomical structures and background noise were higher in the DLD group than in the SD group (p &lt; 0.001 for all). The diagnostic image quality was obtained in 100% (52/52) of participants in the SD group and 95% (56/59) of participants in the DLD group.

Conclusion:
Virtual monochromatic images at 40 keV reconstructed with DLIR could achieve half doses of radiation and iodine while maintaining diagnostic image quality.

Advances in knowledge
Virtual monochromatic images at 40 keV reconstructed with DLIR algorithm allowed to reduce the doses of radiation and iodine while maintaining diagnostic image quality.
Medical mentorship deconstructed: an analysis and structural recommendation for high value mentorship
Authors: Kim Duane , Manzo Rosa D. , Montoya Michael , Nguyen Marissa , Vang Kao Houa , Weber Lindsey , Yepez Marisela 
Published: March 2022

Background: Mentorship is a necessary component for young students to pursue a career in medicine. In medically underserved areas, mentorship can be sparse due to the lack of access to healthcare professionals. The purpose of this project was to gain an understanding of the mentorship received by practicing medical students. Methods: The authors conducted structured, one-on-one interviews with 10 current medical students about their perceptions and experiences with mentorship. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes and subthemes. Results: Our findings revolve around three time periods of mentorship: 1) Before Obtaining a Mentor; 2) During the Mentorship; and 3) After the Mentorship. In our findings we describe key characteristics such as professional development, personal qualities of the mentor, and professional and personal guidance as important components in guiding the mentee starting from the undergraduate level and continuing to their current level of education. Conclusion: Interviewees’ experiences with and perspectives on the mentorship they received were generally positive, though it was evident there are some aspects of the mentee-mentor relationship that can be improved upon and universally changed. Building on the results obtained, setting expectations, providing mentor training, and pairing mentors/mentees from similar backgrounds are what we propose to create fulfilling and meaningful relationships between a mentee and mentor.
Service Capacity and Price Promotion Wars
Authors: Bae Junhyun , Chen Li , Yao Shiqing 
Published: March 2022

Firms often engage in price promotion wars to gain market share from their competitors. However, poor customer satisfaction as a result of limited service capacity may significantly impact such a pricing strategy. In this paper, we consider a two-firm price competition model in which customers’ purchase decisions are affected by their anticipation of a poor service encounter. Our equilibrium analysis reveals that firms would be less aggressive in engaging in price cutting when customers care more about service quality and when service capacity is relatively low. Interestingly, when service capacity is close (but not exact) to covering one half of the total market demand, firms would adopt a mixed strategy with randomized pricing, driven by unilateral motives to either capture more market share (by lowering prices) or increase profit margin (by raising prices). We further show that having a superior service capacity presents a competitive advantage for a firm and such advantage can be preemptive. In an extended two-period model that allows for customer switching after a poor service encounter, we find that when service capacity is relatively low, firms may offer deeper price discounts in the first period if customers are forward looking than if they are myopic. Our numerical study confirms that the main qualitative insights obtained in our base model continue to hold when the customer switching behavior is considered. This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4325 .
Sosialisasi Bahaya dan Upaya Pencegahan Social Engineering untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat tentang Keamanan Informasi
Authors: Tyas Darmaningrat Eko Wahyu , Noor Ali Achmad Holil , Herdiyanti Anisah , Subriadi Apol Pribadi , Muqtadiroh Feby Artwodini , Astuti Hanim Maria , Susanto Tony Dwi 
Published: February 2022

Pada tahun 2018, pengguna media sosial di Indonesia mencapai 49% dari total penduduk Indonesia yaitu 130 juta populasi dari total 265,4 juta populasi. Perilaku upload foto, video, atau tulisan yang seringkali berisikan informasi pribadi mereka tersebut dapat menyebabkan pengguna berada dalam posisi yang berbahaya dan berpotensi hilangnya privasi pengguna. Beberapa kasus kriminal seputar penyalahgunaan informasi kerap kali terjadi di Indonesia. Banyak dari kasus tersebut dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Pelaku mengambil foto dan informasi nomor seluler korban melalui sosial media dan mengedit foto korban menjadi foto vulgar. Foto tersebut digunakan sebagai umpan untuk mengancam korban dan memeras korban. Kasus mengenai penyalahgunaan informasi tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga privasi informasi di media sosial.
Social engineering merupakan salah satu teknik yang perlu diwaspadai dalam menjaga keamanan informasi. Social engineering berfokus pada bagian terlemah pada sistem jaringan komputer, yaitu manusia. Teknik ini berusaha mengambil informasi pribadi dari target korban dengan melakukan manipulasi psikologis melalui mekanisme interaksi sosial. Selain itu, dalam pelaksanaan social engineering pelaku juga dapat meminta langsung apa yang diinginkan ataupun menciptakan suasana palsu dimana seseorang menjadi bagian dari situasi tersebut. Social engineering merupakan salah satu teknik hacking yang paling mudah di lakukan karena dilakukan dengan mengeksploitasi kelemahan manusia seperti rasa takut, rasa percaya, dan rasa ingin menolong.
Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, tim pengabdi ingin melakukan sosialisasi mengenai berbagai teknik social engineering, dampak yang bisa ditimbulkan, serta upaya pencegahannya kepada masyarakat. Adanya kebijakan work-from-home (WFH) dan study-from-home (SFH) di era pandemi COVID-19 saat ini mengakibatkan penggunaan gadget dan media sosial semakin massif. Sebagian besar berpendapat bahwa materi yang disampaikan menarik dan sangat sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini. Hal ini membuat peserta kegiatan sangat antusias dan menyampaikan cukup banyak pertanyaan dalam sesi tanya jawab. Semua peserta juga bersedia untuk dikontak kembali apabila ada kegiatan serupa atau kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di tahun-tahun mendatang.
Sex, poverty, and public health: Connections between sexual wellbeing and economic resources among US reproductive health clients
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Kramer Renee , Senderowicz Leigh , Everett Bethany , Turok David K. , Sanders Jessica N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo document associations between socioeconomics and indicators of sexual wellbeing.MethodsWe obtained our data from the HER Salt Lake Initiative, a large, longitudinal cohort study of family planning clients in the United States who accessed free contraceptive services between March 2016 and March 2017. Baseline socioeconomic measures included Federal Poverty Level, receipt of public assistance, and difficulty paying for housing, food, and other necessities. Sexual wellbeing measures assessed sexual functioning and satisfaction, frequency of orgasm, and current sex‐life rating. Among participants who had been sexually active in the last month (N = 2581), we used chi‐square tests to examine bivariate associations between sexual and socioeconomic measures.ResultsWe found strong and consistent relationships between sexual wellbeing and economic resources: those reporting more socioeconomic constraints also reported fewer signs of sexual flourishing.ConclusionsFinancial scarcity appears to constrain sexual wellbeing. To support positive sexual health, the public health field must continue to focus on economic reform, poverty reduction, and dismantling of structural classism as critical aspects of helping people achieve their full health and wellbeing potential.ClinialTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02734199.
Developing customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing for tuberculosis surveillance in Georgia
Authors: Maghradze Nino , Jugheli Levan , Borrell Sonia , Tukvadze Nestani , Kempker Russell R. , Blumberg Henry M. , Gagneux Sebastien 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units–Variable Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing has been widely used for molecular epidemiological studies of tuberculosis (TB). However, genotyping tools for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may be limiting in some settings due to high cost and workload. In this study developed a customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing that prioritizes high discriminatory loci and validated this method using penitentiary system cohort in the country of Georgia.

Methods
We used a previously generated MIRU-VNTR dataset from recurrent TB cases (32 cases) in Georgia and a new dataset of TB cases from the penitentiary system (102 cases) recruited from 2014 to 2015. A Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) was calculated utilizing a 24 standard loci panel, to select high discriminatory power loci, subsequently defined as the customized Georgia-specific set of loci for initial typing. The remaining loci were scored and hierarchically grouped for second and third step typing of the cohort. We then compared the processing time and costs of the customized stepwise method to the standard 24-loci method.

Results
For the customized Georgia-specific set that was used for initial typing, 10 loci were selected with a minimum value of 0.32 to the highest HGDI score locus. Customized 10 loci (step 1) typing of 102 Mtb patient isolates revealed 35.7% clustered cases. This proportion was reduced to 19.5% after hierarchical application of 2nd and 3rd step typing with the corresponding groups of loci. Our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR genotyping approach reduced the quantity of samples to be typed and therefore overall processing time and costs by 42.6% each.

Conclusion
Our study shows that our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing approach is a valid alternative of standard MIRI-VNTR typing panels for molecular epidemiological investigation in Georgia that saves time, workload and costs. Similar approaches could be developed for other settings.
Early detection of venous thromboembolism after the initiation of chemotherapy predicts a poor prognosis in patients with unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancer who underwent first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel
Authors: Yamai Takuo , Ikezawa Kenji , Hiraga Erika , Kawamoto Yasuharu , Hirao Takeru , Higashi Sena , Daiku Kazuma , Maeda Shingo , Abe Yutaro , Urabe Makiko , Kai Yugo , Takada Ryoji , Nakabori Tasuku , Fukutake Nobuyasu , Uehara Hiroyuki , Fujita Masashi , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high thromboembolism risk. We investigated the significance of early venous thromboembolism (VTE) detection in patients with unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancer (UR-MPC) who received first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP).

Methods
This single-center retrospective study enrolled 174 patients with UR-MPC who underwent GnP as a first-line chemotherapy from April 2017 to March 2020. The early detection of VTE (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism) was defined as diagnosis by the first follow-up CT scan after the initiation of chemotherapy. We compared the patients with early detection of VTE (VTE (+) group) with the others (VTE (-) group). We examined overall survival (OS), progress free survival (PFS), severe adverse events, and predictors associated with OS using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Early detection of VTE was observed in 17 patients (9.8%). Thirteen patients were diagnosed with VTE at treatment initiation, and four patients were diagnosed after treatment initiation. The median time to diagnosis after treatment initiation was 55 days (range: 31–71 days). Only 3 patients were symptomatic. The VTE (+) group exhibited worse OS and PFS than the VTE (-) group (OS: 259 days vs. 400 days, P < 0.001; PFS: 120 days vs. 162 days, P = 0.008). The frequency of grade 3–4 adverse events was not significantly different. Although the performance status was poorer in the VTE (+) group, VTE was identified as a statistically significant independent predictor for OS in multivariate analyses (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.02–3.44; P = 0.041).

Conclusions
Early VTE detection is a predictor of a poor prognosis in UR-MPC patients who receive GnP as first-line chemotherapy, suggesting that screening VTE for patients with UR-MPC is crucial, even if patients are asymptomatic.