bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic niche comparisons of eastern North American and eastern Asian disjunct plant genera
Authors: Melton Anthony E. , Clinton Matthew H. , Wasoff Donald N. , Lu Limin , Hu Haihua , Chen Zhiduan , Ma Keping , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWhile the floras of eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) share numerous genera, they have drastically different species richness. Despite an overall similarity in the quality of their temperate climates, the climate of EA is more spatially heterogeneous than that of ENA. Spatial environmental heterogeneity has been found to play a key role in influencing species richness in some regions. Here, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) EA species will occupy larger climatic niches than their ENA congeners, (b) congeners of EA‐ENA disjunct genera will occupy statistically equivalent climatic niches, and (c) congeners of EA‐ENA disjunct genera will occupy more similar climatic niches than expected by their respective physiographic context.LocationNorth America and Asia.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedSeed plants.MethodsPredictions generated by ecological niche models (ENMs) were compared for 88 species across 31 EA‐ENA disjunct genera. ENM predictions were assessed for geographic and ecological breadth. Tests for niche equivalency and similarity were performed for congeneric species pairs to determine if species of disjunct genera have experienced niche conservatism or divergence.ResultsEA species tend to occupy greater amounts of climatic niche space than their close relatives in ENA. Over two‐thirds of the conducted niche comparisons show that EA‐ENA congeners either occupy equivalent climatic niche space within these broader climatic regimes or occupy non‐equivalent niches that are as similar as expected given their physiographic contexts.Main conclusionsEA species tend to occupy larger climatic niches, and congeners of EA‐ENA disjunct genera tend to occupy equivalent/similar niche space within their respective distributions, with differences in occupied niches possibly due to their respective physiographic contexts, highlighting how niche‐neutral processes and niche conservatism may affect the distributions of disjunct species.
Precision medicine in the era of potent antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yoon Eileen L. , Jun Dae Won 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the wide use of potent and safe nucloes(t‐)ide analogues (NAs) treatment, patient‐centered care is getting important. Intensive care for comorbidity has gain utmost importance in care of aging chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with life‐long antiviral treatment. Linkage to care of patients with CHB is essential for the goal of hepatitis B virus (HBV) eradication. As long‐term suppression of HBV DNA replication does not prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prevention of HCC is another challenge for NAs treatment. There is a possibility of hepatocarcinogenesis in the immune‐tolerant phase and risk of loss of patients during active monitoring seeking the time point for antiviral treatment initiation. Initiation of NAs treatment from the immune‐tolerant phase would improve the linkage to care. However, universal recommendation is premature and evidence for cost‐effectiveness needs to be accumulated. Early initiation of NAs in the evidence of significant disease progression, either HBV associated or comorbidity associated, would be a better strategy to reduce the risk of HCC in patients located in the gray zone.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in dilated‐phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Substrate characterization and ablation outcome
Authors: Naeemah Qasim J. , Komatsu Yuki , Nogami Akihiko , Sekiguchi Yukio , Igarashi Miyako , Yamasaki Hiro , Shinoda Yasutoshi , Aonuma Kazutaka , Ieda Masaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation is a therapeutic option to suppress ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of dilated‐phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DHCM). However, the characteristics of the arrhythmogenic substrate and the ablation outcome are not fully illustrated.MethodA total of 23 ablation procedures for drug‐refractory sustained monomorphic VTs in 13 DHCM patients (60 ± 11 years, one female, the left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction 39% ± 9%, the LV mass index 156 ± 39 g/m2) were performed. The distribution of VT substrate as endocardial or epicardial/intramural was based on detailed mapping and ablation response during VT.ResultTwo patients underwent ablation of sustained monomorphic VT that was not scar‐mediated tachycardia. Of the remaining 11 patients, eight (73%) patients had VT substrate in the basal regions, most frequently at the epicardial and/or intramural basal antero‐septum. None of the patients had VT substrate located at the LV inferolateral region. Ablation at the right ventricular septum and the aortic cusps was done in four and five patients, respectively. Other approaches including bipolar and chemical ablations, were done in three and two patients, respectively. Six (55%) out of 11 patients (two patients lost follow‐up) had VT recurrence. All the six patients had basal substrate. However, anti‐tachycardia pacing was sufficient for VT termination except in one patient.ConclusionCatheter ablation of VT in patients with DHCM is challenging because of the predominant basal anteroseptal epicardial/intramural location of arrhythmogenic substrate. An ablation approach from multiple sites and/or adjunctive interventional techniques are often required.
KV1/D‐type potassium channels inhibit the excitability of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent nerves
Authors: Sun Hui , Patil Mayur J. , Ru Fei , Meeker Sonya , Undem Bradley J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe KV1/D‐type potassium current (ID) is an important determinant of neuronal excitability. This study explored whether and howIDchannels regulate the activation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent nerves. The single‐neuron RT‐PCR assay revealed that nearly all mouse bronchopulmonary nodose neurons expressed the transcripts of α‐dendrotoxin (α‐DTX)‐sensitive,IDchannel‐forming KV1.1, KV1.2 and/or KV1.6 α‐subunits, with the expression of KV1.6 being most prevalent. Patch‐clamp recordings showed thatID, defined as the α‐DTX‐sensitive K+current, activated at voltages slightly more negative than the resting membrane potential in lung‐specific nodose neurons and displayed little inactivation at subthreshold voltages. Inhibition ofIDchannels by α‐DTX depolarized the lung‐specific nodose neurons and caused an increase in input resistance, decrease in rheobase, as well as increase in action potential number and firing frequency in response to suprathreshold current steps. Application of α‐DTX to the lungs via trachea in the mouseex vivovagally innervated trachea–lungs preparation led to action potential discharges in nearly half of bronchopulmonary nodose afferent nerve fibres, including nodose C‐fibres, as detected by the two‐photon microscopic Ca2+imaging technique and extracellular electrophysiological recordings. In conclusion,IDchannels act as a critical brake on the activation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent nerves by stabilizing the membrane potential, counterbalancing the subthreshold depolarization and promoting the adaptation of action potential firings. Down‐regulation ofIDchannels, as occurs in various inflammatory diseases, may contribute to the enhanced C‐fibre activity in airway diseases that are associated with excessive coughing, dyspnoea, and reflex bronchospasm and secretions.Key pointsThe α‐dendrotoxin (α‐DTX)‐sensitive D‐type K+current (ID) is an important determinant of neuronal excitability.Nearly all bronchopulmonary nodose afferent neurons in the mouse expressIDand the transcripts of α‐DTX‐sensitive,IDchannel‐forming KV1.1, KV1.2 and/or KV1.6 α‐subunits.Inhibition ofIDchannels by α‐DTX depolarizes the bronchopulmonary nodose neurons, reduces the minimal depolarizing current needed to evoke an action potential (AP) and increases AP number and AP firing frequency in response to suprathreshold stimulations.Application of α‐DTX to the lungsex vivoelicits AP discharges in about half of bronchopulmonary nodose C‐fibre terminals.Our novel finding thatIDchannels act as a critical brake on the activation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent nerves suggests that their down‐regulation, as occurs in various inflammatory diseases, may contribute to the enhanced C‐fibre activity in airway inflammation associated with excessive respiratory symptoms.
Broken Engagement: Teaching Finance during Pandemic Times
Authors: Saravanan Palanisamy , Banerjee Sumit 
Published: April 2022

Student engagement is critical to creating a collaborative and involved learning environment. The pandemic brought the class room engagement between the faculty and the students to a halt. We tried to find different avenues for the students to reach out to the faculty and to have an open forum to facilitate discussions among themselves. This approach helped us in increasing engagement and also allowed students who would normally not speak during the class hours to contribute to the overall learning during the course. JEL Codes: I20, I23, I29
The benefit of exercise rehabilitation guided by 6-minute walk test on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Zhou Wanming , Fan Wenmao , Li Aihua , Pang Jungang , Chen Zefang , Li Xiangmei , Hu Xiulian , Zeng Yanmin , Tang Liangqiu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been taken as a biomarker of inflammation in patients with acute coronary diseases. Regular exercise rehabilitation could attenuate inflammation and promote the rehabilitation of coronary heart disease (CHD). The level of Lp-PLA2 is negatively correlated with 6-min walk test (6-MWT). The exercise prescription of appropriate intensity is the basis of exercise rehabilitation. 6-MWT is associated with maximal oxygen consumption, and can be used to determine the intensity of exercise prescription guiding patients how to do exercise rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to observe the benefit of 6-MWT guided exercise rehabilitation on the level of Lp-PLA2 in patients with CHD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
We prospectively, consecutively enrolled 100 patients between Dec 2018 and Dec 2020 in the fourth ward of the Department of Cardiology, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University. Eligible patients were 1:1 divided into Group A, with no exercise rehabilitation, and Group B, with regular exercise rehabilitation, using random number table method of simple randomization allocation. Clinical data such as general information, the profile of lipids and the level of Lp-PLA2 were collected at baseline and at 12-week follow-up.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences of the percentages of gender, hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the profile of lipids and level of Lp-PLA2 between the groups at baseline (P > 0.05). The level of Lp-PLA2 decreased at 12-week follow-up, moreover, the decline of the Lp-PLA2 level in Group B was more significant than that in Group A (t = 2.875, P = 0.005). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that exercise rehabilitation was independently correlated with the level of Lp-PLA2 (β′ = − 0.258, t = − 2.542, P = 0.013).

Conclusion
Exercise rehabilitation for 12 weeks guided by 6-MWT can further reduce the level of LP-PLA2 in patients with CHD undergoing PCI.
Trial registration This trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100048124, registered 3 July 2021- Retrospectively registered. The study protocol adheres to the CONSORT guidelines.
Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of occult breast cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Zhao Zijun , Zhang Ting , Yao Yu , Lu Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a special type of breast cancer. Because of its rarity, clinicopathological information is still insufficient, causing a controversial condition about its treatment recommendation. Thus, we aimed to clarify major clinicopathological information, treatment strategies and prognosis of OBC based on a large population.

Methods
We retrospectively collected adult female OBC population from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We divided the whole cohort into two groups based on surgical treatment in-breast. Descriptive analysis of 18 clinicopathological variables was conducted. Survival analysis was performed based on different clinicopathological factors. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential independent predictor for prognosis of OBC.

Results
1189 OBC patients were in final analysis and most of them were diagnosed as an early-stage carcinoma. Patients received breast-conserving treatment (BCT) was nearly two times of ones received mastectomy. Patients receiving radiotherapy in BCT group were significantly more than patients receiving radiotherapy in mastectomy group (61.76 vs. 50.9%, P  <   0.001). After a median follow-up period of 62 months, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) of all subjects was 81.6% and 68.8%, respectively. No significant difference in OS and breast-cancer specific survival (BCSS) was found between mastectomy and local breast-conserving surgery. Older age and larger number of positive lymph nodes causes a worse prognosis whereas radiotherapy brought a better clinical outcome for OBC patients.

Conclusions
OBC has a generally good prognosis. Less-intensive surgery does not negatively impact clinical outcomes of OBC while additional radiotherapy is totally beneficial to prolong OS and BCSS.
Ophthalmic infections caused by Aspergillus nidulans: A case series and short review of literature
Authors: G. Rathod Prachala , Kumar Atul , Tandon Radhika , H. Ahmed Nishat 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus are more commonly implicated with ocular infections; there are some saprophytic species, such as Aspergillus nidulans (A. nidulans) which may occasionally lead to serious ocular infections. There is a paucity of data on ocular infections caused by A. nidulans. We report a case series of three ophthalmic infections caused by A. nidulans from a tertiary care eye center in North India.
Case report: Three cases of ophthalmic infections, including two cases of keratitis and one case of recurrent endophthalmitis caused by A. nidulans were diagnosed at the ocular microbiology section of a tertiary eye care center. One case of keratitis had a history of ophthalmic surgery and underlying diabetes mellitus. The case of recurrent endophthalmitis had undergone cataract surgery in the recent past. Diminution of vision was the most common presenting feature in all three cases. The microbiological diagnosis was made by conventional microscopy and culture techniques.
Conclusion: This case series illustrates the potential of uncommon fungal pathogens, such as A. nidulans to cause devastating ocular infections and has an emphasis on the importance of timely microbiological diagnosis in the management of such cases.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Possible Risk Factor for Incidence and Recurrence of Cancers
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Gosain Rohit , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad , Nemati Maryam , Jafarzadeh Sara , Ghaderi Abbas 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 and malignancy can affect the susceptibility of one another. Clinically recovered COVID-19 individuals display immune abnormalities that persist several months after discharge. The lymphopenia-related immunosuppression, functional exhaustion of cytotoxic lymphocytes (such as CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells), hyperinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, downregulation of interferon response, development of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells, downregulation of tumor suppressor proteins and perhaps reactivation of the latent oncogenic viruses may directly and/or indirectly play a role in the cancer development and recurrence in severe COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-infected malignant patients may be at higher risk of death of their cancer than SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients with the same cancers. On the other side, the patients with some types of cancers may be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the non-cancerous individuals, due to their immunocompromised state resulted from malignancy, chemotherapy, and other concomitant abnormalities as well as perhaps greater expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. SARS-CoV-2-infected cancerous patients are unable to produce an effective anti-virus immune response and may exhibit more severe forms of COVID-19. This review described the possible impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer development and recurrence, and the potential cancer impacts on COVID-19 development, while the possible interventions are highlighted.
KARAKTERISTIK KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Hamandia Muhammad Randicha 
Published: April 2022

Kepemimpinan merupakan proses mempengaruhi orang lain untuk mencapai suatu tujuan bersama. Dalam perspektif Islam, kepemimpinan adalah hal yang sangat penting yang berguna untuk mensejahterakan umat manusia baik dalam lingkup yang kecil maupun lingkup yang luas. Tidak hanya sekedar mencapai tujuan organisasi, lembaga, perusahaan, ataupun negara, kepemimpinan dalam Islam merupakan bukti keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Allah swt. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sosok pemimpin yang memiliki karakteristik kepemimpinan sesuai dengan ajaran Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja karakteristik kepemimpinan dalam perspektif Islam. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Dokumentasi adalah teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Adapun analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kepemimpinan dalam perspektif Islam meliputi (aa) beragama Islam, beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Allah swt, (b) kekuatan aqidah yang konsisten, (c) semata-mata karena Allah swt., (d) cinta pada kebenaran, (e) laki-laki, (f) memiliki empat sifat rasul (tabligh, siddiq, amanah, fathonah), (g) tidak meminta jabatan, (h) adil, (i) tidak menerima hadiah, (j) sabar, tidak sombong, lemah lembut dan rendah hati, (k) kerja keras, tegas, displin, konsisten dan konsekuen, (l) tidak mementingkan diri sendiri, (m) cinta rakyat, (n) hidup sederhana, (o) rela berkorban, serta (p) teladan dan pelopor.
New Dimensionless Numbers Characterising Viscous Crossflow During Chemical Flooding in Layered Reservoirs
Authors: Al-Ibadi Hasan , Stephen Karl Dunbar , Mackay Eric James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReservoirs are often layered due to depositional processes and this affects the sweeping efficiency of chemical flooding. The traditional dimensionless numbers of viscous crossflow may fail to predict the impact of crossflow under these circumstances. In this work, we have derived new dimensionless numbers to take into account mobility modification that occurs as a result of chemical flooding.We considered models of viscous dominated chemical flooding. In such systems, the formation waterfront was formed and followed by a second chemical waterfront. We also took into account models where there was a rarefaction wave of a gradual increase in water saturation behind the second waterfront. We began by deriving analytical solutions in noncommunicating layers. Then, we used these solutions to obtain dimensionless numbers that described the relationship between fluid flow and the heterogeneity between layers. We considered models where each layer was contrasted from the other by porosity, permeability, initial and final fluid saturation, relative permeability, viscosity and retardation factor. We compared the predictability of these numbers against the numerical results for models under low salinity and polymer flooding.The new analysis shows that a group of four dimensionless number can be used to quantify the effect of viscous crossflow. While two of these numbers are new, the others have been modified to extend previous work. The current study shows that mobility modification due to chemical flooding is a significant parameter and should be included, whereas this was not considered previously. We also introduce a modified longitudinal heterogeneity ratio as a new dimensionless number that grouping the contrast of porosity, permeability, saturation change, and harmonic average of total mobility of displacing front. This new term is more descriptive than having a dimensionless number of each individual property as previously suggested. Also, for the first time, we report the role of fractional flow contrast where it should be considered as an individual dimensionless number in chemical flooding and as associated parameter within the longitudinal heterogeneity ratio for both chemical and traditional flooding.This newly derived group is very important for EOR processes in layered models where mobility changes occur, and mobility modification, fractional flow and saturation change are accurately presented.
METHODOLOGY OF CREATING FOOD FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN USING ENCAPSULATED FORMS OF MICRONUTRIENTS
Authors: ВИКТОРОВА Е.П. , ЛИСОВАЯ Е.В. , СВЕРДЛИЧЕНКО А.В. , ШАХРАЙ Т.А. 
Published: April 2022

Социальная значимость проблемы нормализации пищевого статуса школьников разных возрастных групп и ее научно-практическое решение – обогащение продуктов питания комплексом дефицитных микронутриентов при максимальной сохранности их содержания и биодоступности в базовом продукте в процессе его производства и хранения делают актуальной разработку методологии создания продуктов питания для школьников с применением инкапсулированных форм микронутриентов. Разработанная методология включает несколько этапов, предусматривающих обоснование выбора продукта для обогащения микронутриентами в инкапсулированной форме; эффективной системы инкапсуляции, содержащей инкапсулируемые микронутриенты и инкапсулирующий агент, для обогащения продукта питания; рецептуры продукта для обогащения системой инкапсуляции; дозировки системы инкапсуляции, обеспечивающей требуемые показатели качества и срок годности обогащенного продукта; разработку рецептуры и технологических режимов производства обогащенного продукта, а также исследование его потребительских свойств и подтверждение эффективности обогащения при потреблении. Реализация разработанной методологии позволит создавать полезные для здоровья продукты питания, обеспечивающие нормализацию пищевого статуса школьников.
The development of a methodology for creating food for schoolchildren using encapsulated forms of micronutrients is due to the social significance of the problem of normalizing the nutritional status of schoolchildren of different age groups and its scientific and practical solution - by enriching food with a complex of scarce micronutrients with maximum preservation of their content and bioavailability in the base product during its production and storage. The developed methodology includes several stages that provide justification for the choice of a product for enrichment with micronutrients in encapsulated form; an effective encapsulation system containing encapsulated micronutrients and encapsulating agent for enriching a food product; product formulations for enrichment with an encapsulation system; dosages of the encapsulation system that provides the required quality indicators and shelf life of the enriched product; development of the formulation and technological modes of production of the enriched product, as well as the study of its consumer properties and confirmation of the effectiveness of enrichment during consumption. The implementation of the developed methodology will make it possible to create healthy food products that ensure the normalization of the nutritional status of schoolchildren.