bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic fuzzy predictive fault‐tolerant control for time‐delay nonlinear system with actuator fault under a certain probability
Authors: Wu Jia , Shi Huiyuan , Jiang Xueying , Su Chengli , Li Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOwing to the characteristics of time‐delay, fault randomness, uncertainty, nonlinearity and unknown interference in industrial production processes, a stochastic fuzzy predictive fault‐tolerant control algorithm is put forward based on the traditional fault‐tolerant control algorithm. The main idea of this algorithm is to integrate actuator fault into the established Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) model to solve actuator fault under a certain probability for the nonlinear industrial processes with time‐varying delays by combining stochastic control theory and relevant theorems. First, the actuator fault under a certain probability is considered as a T‐S model, which can be used as a description of the fault situation in the nonlinear industrial processes. Afterwards, the augmented state space model is established through integrating state deviation and output tracking error. Second, the stochastic fuzzy predictive fault‐tolerant control law can be designed on the basis of the augmented model. Meanwhile, the actuator control mode for different faults is given. If the actuator fault is under a small probability, the control mode is switched to normal control; if the actuator fault is under a large probability, the control mode is switched to fault‐tolerant control. To this end, this control algorithm can reduce energy consumption and raw material consumption. On this basis, the designed control law can be solved by using the given stochastic stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, the temperature control process of a strongly nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor is selected as a simulation object to prove the feasibility and effectivity of this algorithm.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer micelles for hydrophobic drug delivery: The effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic segment length on micellar properties and drug loading
Authors: Hu Wenju , Sun Haozhi , Pan Lixia , Zhang Chaoqun , Shen Xin , Su Feng , Song Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe encapsulation and release of hydrophobic drugs from polymersomes are of great importance in drug delivery. A significant challenge is to enhance the encapsulation capacity of finding better drug‐polymer compatibility. Herrin, poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMC‐PEG) diblock copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate using monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as macro‐initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst. The resulting diblock copolymer were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC techniques. Blank and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded micelles was prepared by co‐solvent evaporation method and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The influence of hydrophilic/hydrophobic segment length to drug loading and release was explored. All micelles have the sustained hydrophobic drug release properties of the micelles. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of micelles was evaluated by MTT and live‐dead cell staining assay using L929 cell lines, showing the good biocompatibility. Therefore, PTMC‐PEG micelles could be a suitable material for the loading and releasing of hydrophobic drugs.
Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin
Authors: Khan Tayyab , Ali Muhammad A. , Irfan Muhammad S. , Cantwell Wesley J. , Rehan Umer 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, two different type of glass and carbon fiber hybrid laminates were manufactured using a low‐viscosity thermoplastic resin that is, Elium®. A detailed microstructure visualization study was conducted using X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis. The viscoelastic properties were examined through dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical performance was investigated through flexural and tensile tests along with a fractographic study using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The XCT analysis revealed a weak interface between the Elium® resin and the glass fabric, with glass fiber specimens exhibiting a void content of 1.24%, in contrast to the carbon fiber specimens which showed void content of only 0.28%. Therefore, adding glass fabric layers in the hybrid laminates increased the void content, which had a negative impact on the overall mechanical performance. The average flexural strength of the hybrid specimen having G2C4G2 stacking sequence was observed to be 254% higher than pure GFRPC specimens. Similarly, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the same hybrid specimen showed 155% and 380% increases, respectively, compared to the GFRPC specimens. This increase was primarily due to higher stiffness of the carbon fibers and their better fiber – matrix interface. Whereas the tensile strain of the hybrid specimen having G3C2G3 stacking sequence was 37% higher than that of the CFRPC specimens. The SEM images highlighted fiber fracture and brittle failure modes in the carbon fiber specimens, in contrast to fiber pullout, interfacial failure, poor fiber‐matrix bonding and ductile failure modes in the glass fiber specimens.
Neural correlates of audiovisual speech synchrony perception and its relationship with autistic traits
Authors: Zhou Han‐yu , Zhang Yi‐jing , Hu Hui‐xin , Yan Yong‐jie , Wang Ling‐ling , Lui Simon S. Y. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe anterior insula (AI) has the central role in coordinating attention and integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. AI dysfunction may contribute to both sensory and social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Little is known regarding the brain mechanisms that guide multisensory integration, and how such neural activity might be affected by autistic‐like symptoms in the general population. In this study, 72 healthy young adults performed an audiovisual speech synchrony judgment (SJ) task during fMRI scanning. We aimed to investigate the SJ‐related brain activations and connectivity, with a focus on the AI. Compared with synchronous speech, asynchrony perception triggered stronger activations in the bilateral AI, and other frontal‐cingulate‐parietal regions. In contrast, synchronous perception resulted in greater involvement of the primary auditory and visual areas, indicating multisensory validation and fusion. Moreover, the AI demonstrated a stronger connection with the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) in the audiovisual asynchronous (vs. synchronous) condition. To facilitate asynchrony detection, the AI may integrate auditory and visual speech stimuli, and generate a control signal to the ACC that further supports conflict‐resolving and response selection. Correlation analysis, however, suggested that audiovisual synchrony perception and its related AI activation and connectivity did not significantly vary with different levels of autistic traits. These findings provide novel evidence for the neural mechanisms underlying multisensory temporal processing in healthy people. Future research should examine whether such findings would be extended to ASD patients.
ZmRop1 participates in maize defense response to the damage of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae through mediating ROS and soluble phenol production
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Hu Zongwei , Luo Xincheng , Wang Yuxue , Wang Yi , Liu Ting , Zhang Yi , Chu Longyan , Wang Xiangping , Zhen Yangya , Zhang Jianmin , Yu Yonghao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs plant‐specific molecular switches, Rho‐like GTPases (Rops) are vital for plant survival in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their roles in plant defense response to phytophagous insect's damage are largely unknown. In this study, the expression levels of nine maize RAC family genes were analyzed after fall armyworm (FAW) larvae infestation. Among the analyzed genes, ZmRop1 was specifically and highly expressed, and its role in maize response to FAW larvae damage was studied. The results showed that upon FAW larvae infestation, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment ZmRop1 gene transcripts were all down‐regulated. However, upon mechanical injury, the expression level of ZmRop1 was up‐regulated. Overexpression of ZmRop1 gene in maize plants could improve maize plant resistance to FAW larvae damage. Conversely, silencing of ZmRop1 increased maize plant susceptibility to FAW larvae damage. The analysis of the potential anti‐herbivore metabolites, showed that ZmRop1 promoted the enzyme activities of catalase, peroxidase and the expression levels of ZmCAT, ZmPOD, ZmRBOHA and ZmRBOHB, thereby enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, including the content of O2− and H2O2. In addition, overexpression or silencing of ZmRop1 could have influence on the content of the total soluble phenol through mediating the activity of polyphenol oxidase. In summary, the results illuminated our understanding of how ZmRop1 participate in maize defense response to FAW larvae damage as a positive regulator through mediating ROS production and can be used as a reference for the green prevention and control of FAW larvae.
Potassium‐ion‐bound porous organic polymers having crown ether struts enable cooperative conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Xiangying , Chen Min , Xu Wei , Luo Rongchang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) are a new emerging class of heterogeneous catalysts for the CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides in recent decades. However, the controllable construction of multifunctional POPs that are capable of activating substrates still remains a huge challenge due to the difficulty in the precise design of tailored building blocks and the optimization of reaction conditions. In the present work, we designed and developed a simple and efficient synthesis of a series of crown‐ether‐functionalized POPs (CE‐POPs) through the Schiff‐base condensation reaction using trans‐di(aminodibenzo)‐18‐crown‐6 as functional knots and various trialdehyde‐type monomers as connectors in refluxed DMF. Considering the excellent molecular recognition phenomenon of potassium ions to 18‐crown‐6, these well‐prepared potassium‐ion‐bound POPs (KI@CE‐POPs) possessed huge potential to synergistically catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates under solvent‐free and mild conditions. More interestingly, the task‐specific introduction of phenolic hydroxyl groups or triazine units into the polymeric backbones achieves a significant improvement of catalytic performance. In addition, the substrate scope of the reaction and the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst were also examined. Therefore, this new catalyst may provide new inspiration for the activation and utilization of CO2.
AdsRNAdelivery system based on the rosin‐modified polyethylene glycol and chitosan induces gene silencing and mortality inNilaparvata lugens
Authors: Lyu Zihao , Xiong Mingxin , Mao Jie , Li Weixiong , Jiang Gangbiao , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) technology has been considered as a promising pest control strategy due to its species selectivity. One of the popular RNAs is exogenous double strand RNA (dsRNA). However, dsRNA is easily degraded by nucleases and is difficult to pass through the insect body walls, and these factors restrict the application of RNAi technology in pest management. Here, the brown planthopper (BPH,Nilaparvata lugens), a major hemipteran pest of rice in Asia countries was used as a model insect, and a dsRNA topical delivery system was constructed.RESULTSThe carrier part of the delivery system was composed of rosin‐modified polyethylene glycol and chitosan, termed ROPE@C. When the N/P ratio was greater than 1:1.25, the dsRNA/ROPE@C complex encouraged full binding of the dsRNA. The gel electrophoresis results showed that ROPE@C improved the stability of dsRNA in the presence of nucleases in gut and lumen contents for at least 6 h and in the temperature range from 4 °C to 37 °C. The dsNlCHSA/ROPE@C/alkyl polyglycoside (APG) nano‐formulation directly penetrated the body walls reaching hemocoel within 6 h, and consequently, the relative expression ofchitin synthetase A(CHSA) in BPH was reduced by 54.3% and the mortality rate was 65.8%.CONCLUSIONWe developed an appropriate delivery method for dsRNA application in BPH, which is helpful for a large‐scale application of RNAi pesticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Experimental assessment of a blended fatigue‐extreme controller employing trailing edge flaps
Authors: Bartholomay Sirko , Krumbein Sascha , Perez‐Becker Sebastian , Soto‐Valle Rodrigo , Nayeri Christian N. , Paschereit Christian O. , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental assessment of a blended fatigue‐extreme controller for load control employing trailing edge flaps on a lab‐scale wind turbine. The controller blends between a repetitive model predictive controller that targets fatigue loads and a dedicated extreme load controller, which consists of a simple on‐off load control strategy. The Fatigue controller uses the flapwise blade root bending moments of the three blades as input sensors. The Extreme controller additionally uses on‐blade angle of attack and velocity measurements as well as acceleration measurements to detect extreme events and to allow for a fast reaction. The experiments are conducted on the Berlin Research Turbine within the large wind tunnel of the TU Berlin. In order to reproduce test cases with deterministic extreme wind conditions that follow industry standards, the wind tunnel was redesigned. The analyzed test cases are extreme direction change, extreme coherent gust, extreme operating gust and extreme coherent gust with direction change. The test cases are analyzed by on‐blade angle of attack and velocity measurements. The load control performance of the Blended controller is compared to the pure fatigue oriented and the pure extreme load controller. The Blended controller achieves a maximum flapwise blade root bending moment reduction of 23%, which is comparable to the reduction achieved by the Extreme controller.
Copper and Silver Complexes of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Parent Phosphinidene Adducts
Authors: Doddi Adinarayana , Peters Marius , Bockfeld Dirk , Tamm Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe reactions of the N‐heterocyclic carbene‐parent phosphinidene adducts (IMes)PH (1 a) and (IDipp)PH (1 b) with one equivalent of copper(I) or silver(I) chloride afforded the monometallic complexes [{(IMes)PH}MCl] (2 a, M=Cu; 2 b, M=Ag) and [{(IDipp)PH}MCl] (3 a, M=Cu; 3 b, M=Ag). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyis provided evidence for a higher tendency of the (IMes)PH ligand to form polynuclear structures with bridging NHC‐phosphinidene ligands in the solid state, while the larger (IDipp)PH ligand afforded mononuclear complexes. The reactions of 1 a and 1 b with two equivalents of CuCl provided evidence for the formation of the bimetallic complexes [{(NHC)PH}(CuCl)2] (4 a, NHC=IMes; 4 b, NHC=IDipp), but their isolation in pure form was not possible because of their considerable instability in solution.
Gravitational Faraday effect from on-shell amplitudes
Authors: Chen Wei-Ming , Chung Ming-Zhi , Huang Yu-tin , Kim Jung-Wook 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Effects of massive object’s spin on massive-massless 2 → 2 classical scattering is studied. Focus is set on the less-considered dimensionless expansion parameter λ/b, where λ is the massless particle’s wavelength and b is the impact parameter. Corrections in λ/b start to appear from $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2), with leading correction terms tied to the gravitational Faraday effect, which is a special case of the Lense-Thirring effect. We compute the eikonal phase up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2) and extract spin effect on the scattering angle and time delay up to 14th order in spin. The gravitational Faraday effect at linear order in spin [1] is reproduced by λ/b correction terms, which we compute to higher orders in spin. We find that the equivalence principle, or universality, holds up to NLO for general spinning bodies, i.e. away from geometric optics limit. Furthermore, in the black hole limit, we confirm the absence of particular spin structure observed [2–8], along with the associated shift symmetry [7], and argue that it holds to arbitrary spin order at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2) in the massless probe limit.
High quality axion in supersymmetric models
Authors: Choi Gongjun , Yanagida Tsutomu T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, we discuss how the use of the symmetries well motivated in physics beyond the Standard model (BSM) can guarantee the high quality axions. We avoid to introduce symmetries only useful for addressing the axion quality problem. Rather, we rely on symmetries well motivated by other issues in BSM: supersymmetry, U(1)B−L and the discrete R-symmetry ZNR. We show that the interplay among these guarantees the high quality of the axion even for the gravitino mass and axion decay constant as large as m3/2 = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10)TeV and Fa = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1015)GeV respectively. The key point of this work relies on the observation that the MSSM contribution to the mixed anomalies ZNR − [SU(2)L]2 and ZNR − [SU(3)c]2 is not enough for gauging ZNR for N ≠ 6, which necessitates the introduction of new matter fields. We make the introduction to achieve zero mixed anomalies, which logically supports a desired large enough N for ZNR. This mechanism effectively makes ZNR equal to U(1)R and thus offers a logically complete solution to the axion quality problem.
Transformations of Moment Functionals
Authors: di Dio Philipp J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn measure theory several results are known how measure spaces are transformed into each other. But since moment functionals are represented by a measure we investigate in this study the effects and implications of these measure transformations to moment funcationals, especially with dimensionality reduction. We gain characterizations of moment functionals. Among other things we show that for a compact and path connected set $$K\subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

K
⊂

R

n

there exists a measurable function $$g:K\rightarrow [0,1]$$

g
:
K
→
[
0
,
1
]

such that any linear functional $$L:\mathbb {R}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
:
R
[

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

]
→
R

is a K-moment functional if and only if it has a continuous extension to some $$\overline{L}:\mathbb {R}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]+\mathbb {R}[g]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
¯

:
R

[

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

]

+
R

[
g
]

→
R

such that $$\tilde{L}:\mathbb {R}[t]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
~

:
R

[
t
]

→
R

defined by $$\tilde{L}(t^d):= \overline{L}(g^d)$$

L
~

(

t
d

)

:
=

L
¯

(

g
d

)

for all $$d\in \mathbb {N}_0$$

d
∈

N
0

is a [0, 1]-moment functional (Hausdorff moment problem). Additionally, there exists a continuous function $$f:[0,1]\rightarrow K$$

f
:
[
0
,
1
]
→
K

independent on L such that the representing measure $$\tilde{\mu }$$

μ
~

of $$\tilde{L}$$

L
~

provides the representing measure $$\tilde{\mu }\circ f^{-1}$$

μ
~

∘

f

-
1

of L. We also show that every moment functional $$L:\mathcal {V}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
:
V
→
R

is represented by $$\lambda \circ f^{-1}$$

λ
∘

f

-
1

for some measurable function $$f:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^n$$

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

→

R

n

where $$\lambda $$
λ
is the Lebesgue measure on [0, 1].
Effects of the Tsunami Generated by the 1662 Hyuga-Nada Earthquake off Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ioki Kei , Yamashita Yusuke , Kase Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Hyuga-nada region is located in the southwestern part of the Nankai Trough in the Pacific Ocean, where M7 class interplate earthquakes have been repeatedly occurring because of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. The largest earthquake recorded in history for the Hyuga-nada region was the Hyuga-nada earthquake of 1662, which occurred off Miyazaki Prefecture in the southeastern area of Kyushu region, Japan, generating a tsunami. The region is also an area where slow earthquakes are active at the shallow part of the plate boundary. It is confirmed by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake that the active area of shallow slow earthquakes also became a tsunami source area. We hypothesize that the unusually large tsunami of 1662 was caused by the coseismic slipping of the active source area of shallow slow earthquakes. We constructed the fault model of the 1662 Hyuga-nada earthquake based on recent geophysical observations. A numerical simulation of the tsunami was carried out using the fault model constructed based on hypotheses. The total seismic moment was 9.8 × 1020 Nm (Mw 7.9) estimated from the fault model. The estimated fault model can explain the distribution of the likely tsunami event deposits which were recognized in this study and also have been reported by other studies and tsunami heights in historical records. Hypotheses based on geophysical findings have been found to be correct.
EEG-based sensory testing reveals altered nociceptive processing in elite endurance athletes
Authors: Anders Malte , Dreismickenbecker Elias , Fleckenstein Johannes , Walter Carmen , Enax-Krumova Elena K. , Fischer Michael J. M. , Kreuzer Matthias , Zinn Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreased exercise loads, as observed in elite athletes, seem to modulate the subjective pain perception in healthy subjects. The combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and standardized noxious stimulation can contribute to an objective assessment of the somatosensory stimulus processing. We assessed the subjective pain ratings and the electroencephalogram (EEG)-based response after standardized noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli as well as during conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in 26 elite endurance athletes and compared them to 26 recreationally active controls. Elite endurance athletes had consistently stronger somatosensory responses in the EEG to both mechanical and thermal noxious stimuli than the control group. We observed no significant group differences in the subjective pain ratings, which may have been influenced by our statistics and choice of stimuli. The CPM testing revealed that our conditioning stimulus modulated the subjective pain perception only in the control group, whereas the EEG indicated a modulatory effect of the conditioning stimulus on the spectral response only in the athletes group. We conclude that a higher activation in the cortical regions that process nociceptive information may either be an indicator for central sensitization or an altered stimulus salience in the elite endurance athletes’ group. Our findings from our CPM testing were limited by our methodology. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine if exercise-induced changes in the somatosensory system might have a critical impact on the long-term health of athletes.