bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Inequities Across Rural Strata in Acute Stroke Care and In-Hospital Mortality: National Trends Over 6 Years
Authors: Hammond Gmerice , Waken R.J. , Johnson Daniel Y. , Towfighi Amytis , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There are glaring racial and rural-urban inequities in stroke outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether there were recent changes to trends in racial inequities in stroke treatment and in-hospital mortality, and whether racial inequities differed across rural strata.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of Black and White patients >18 years old admitted to US acute care hospitals with a primary discharge diagnosis of stroke (unweighted N=652 836) from the National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2017. Rural residence was classified by county as urban, town, or rural. The primary outcomes were intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy use among patients with acute ischemic stroke, and in-hospital mortality for all stroke patients. Logistic regression models were run for each outcome adjusting for age, comorbidities, primary payer, and ZIP code median income.

Results:
The sample was 53% female, 81% White, and 19% Black. Black patients from rural areas had the lowest odds of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.37–0.50]) and endovascular therapy (aOR, 0.60 [0.46–0.78]), compared with White urban patients. Black rural patients were the least likely to be discharged home after a stroke compared with White/urban patients (aOR, 0.79 [0.75–0.83]), this was true for Black patients across the urban-rural spectrum when compared with Whites. Black patients from urban areas had lower mortality than White patients from urban areas (aOR, 0.87 [0.84–0.91]), while White patients from rural areas (aOR, 1.14 [1.10–1.19]) had the highest mortality of all groups.

Conclusions:
Black patients living in rural areas represent a particularly high-risk group for poor access to advanced stroke care and impaired poststroke functional status. Rural White patients have the highest in-hospital mortality. Clinical and policy interventions are needed to improve access and reduce inequities in stroke care and outcomes.
Art and Scholarship in Moments of Historical Danger
Authors: Azatyan Vardan , Schwartz Frederic J. , Clark T. J. , Khatib Sami , Šuvaković Miško , Frohne Ursula 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Consider the nature and function of art and art historical scholarship in the present: Is there still a line—even fine or porous—securing the fragile autonomy of the arts and humanities from commodification in late capitalism? Can art still serve as a negative and critical mirror for reality under the seemingly complete commodification and technological mediation of social life? Is there any real need for art and art historical scholarship even to exist today? Can the arts and humanities serve an emancipatory social agenda, and, if so, how? What role might the humanist ideals once shared by liberals and communists play in the reformulation of art and scholarship today?
The Ghosts of Past Events in the Hall of Mirrors
Authors: Boghiguian Anna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The heads of states met at the end of World War I to sign the Versailles treaty in 1919 in the Palace's hall of mirrors. This was at the time when Europe was infected with the Spanish flu pandemic that lasted until 1922. The project is a visual narration of the conjunction of these two historical events that have uncanny reverberations in the present: the Versailles treaty has charted the path towards present-day geopolitical crises, and the Spanish flu can be seen as a prelude to the COVID pandemic and its response.
Taxonomy of Breathing
Authors:   ICEbox Collective
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Taxonomy of Breathing is a socially conscious, multidisciplinary art project that investigates our current societal moment through the lens of breath—its vulnerability to restriction, and its power of transformation. The fragility of the body—with breath as its essential element—is a manifestation of our environment, our historical moment, and our political and social context. It is at once foundational and aspirational, embodied, and symbolic.
Stylistic Traces of Amarna Art in Reliefs of the Tomb of Petosiris (Tuna al Gebel Necropolis)
Authors: Kuvatova Valeria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The famous tomb of Petosiris (a high priest of Thoth) in the Tuna al Gebel necropolis on the outskirts of the Middle Egyptian town of Hermopolis Magna is dated by the last quarter of the 4th c. bc. The pictorial program of the tomb, decorated with painted reliefs, has no known parallels in Ptolemaic art. In terms of iconography and style the reliefs rely on both Egyptian and Greek artistic traditions. This study attempts to trace elements of the so-called Amarna style among the whole variety of cultural impacts that shaped the unique character of the reliefs. Not only the visual similarity but also the short distance between the necropoli in Hermopolis Magna and Amarna city support the impetus for looking for pictorial parallels between the reliefs of the Petosiris tomb and the Amarna monuments. Some distinct stylistic details of the reliefs find no matches in Egyptian art but for the Amarna period. Nor do they originate from Macedonian or provincial Greek art. The reliefs of the tomb of Petosiris seem to be the only extant piece of art of the Graeco-Roman period that goes back to Amarna tradition in terms of techniques, style and, to some extent, iconography. The styling of the reliefs relies on three distinct visual paradigms – Classical (namely archaic) Egyptian, Amarna and Hellenistic – and seems to depend on subject matters of the particular parts of the program. The stylistic features deriving from different traditions probably served as a special visual language that helped to convey important meanings and connotations.
Indonesian Throughflow Variability and Linkage to ENSO and IOD in an Ensemble of CMIP5 Models
Authors: Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Kajtar Jules B. , Cai Wenju 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Understanding variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and its links to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and how they are represented across climate models constitutes an important step toward improved future climate projections. These issues are examined using 20 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and the SODA-2.2.4 ocean reanalysis. It is found that the CMIP5 models overall simulate aspects of ITF variability, such as spectral and vertical structure, that are consistent with the reanalysis, although intermodel differences are substantial. The ITF variability is shown to exhibit two dominant principal vertical structures: a surface-intensified transport anomaly (ITFM1) and an anomalous transport characterized by opposing flows in the surface and subsurface (ITFM2). In the CMIP5 models and reanalysis, ITFM2 is linked to both ENSO and the IOD via anomalous Indo-Pacific Walker circulation. The driver of ITFM1 however differs between the reanalysis and the CMIP5 models. In the reanalysis ITFM1 is a delayed response to ENSO, whereas in the CMIP5 models it is linked to the IOD associated with the overly strong IOD amplitude bias. Further, the CMIP5 ITF variability tends to be weaker than in the reanalysis, due to a tendency for the CMIP5 models to simulate a delayed IOD in response to ENSO. The importance in considering the vertical structure of ITF variability in understanding ENSO and IOD impact is further underscored by the close link between greenhouse-forced changes in ENSO variability and projected changes in subsurface ITF variability.
Impact of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Post-Operative Pain and Opioid Usage in Thyroidectomy
Authors: Hellums Ryan N. , Adams Matthew D. , Purdy Nicholas C. , Lindemann Timothy L. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Opioid analgesia has been integral in post-operative pain control for decades. The over-prescription of opioids, commonly in the surgical patient, has contributed to the current opioid epidemic. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB), a long-acting analgesia formulation, has demonstrated decreased post-operative pain and opioid requirements in patients treated across multiple surgical subspecialties. The aims of this retrospective study are to assess post-operative pain and opioid use in patients who received LB at the time of thyroidectomy. Methods: A cohort-matched retrospective review of patients who underwent thyroidectomy by 2 surgeons between January 2010 and December 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into those that received LB intraoperatively and those that did not. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and 2-sample T-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Of the 201 patients included in this study, 113 patients received LB and 88 did not. Patients who received LB had a lower median visual analog scale (VAS) pain score (2 vs 3, P = .2252), lower maximum VAS pain score (6 vs 7, P = .0898), were less likely to require opioid medications (73.5% vs 85.2%, P = .0434), and had a lower percentage of daily morphine milligram equivalent value ≥45 (89.8% vs 95.3%, P = .1581) during the post-operative period when compared to those that did not. Conclusion: This study suggests a role for incisional infiltration with LB for post-operative pain management in patients undergoing transcervical thyroidectomy. We report reduced post-operative pain scores and opioid analgesia requirements in patients who received LB.
The journey of participatory budgeting: a systematic literature review and future research directions
Authors: Bartocci Luca , Grossi Giuseppe , Mauro Sara Giovanna , Ebdon Carol 
Published: February 2022

This systematic literature review analyses the body of knowledge on the budgeting practice known as participatory budgeting (PB). This review identifies and analyses a dataset of 139 English-language papers focused on PB in the public sector published over three decades (1989–2019) in academic journals of different disciplines. The findings shed new light on PB, by systematizing this body of knowledge and explaining the PB idea journey. A research agenda is also set by clarifying overlooked areas of research and practical interests. Points for practitioners The review provides a conceptual model to cope with specific issues in each phase of a PB journey, and it also sheds light on the role of political and managerial actors. Traditional and new themes to design a PB and implement participatory mechanisms are proposed. Practitioners can benefit from indications about the use of technological tools in mobilizing participation.
Resident Experiences With a Place-Based Collaboration to Address Health and Social Inequities: A Survey of Visitors to the East Harlem Neighborhood Health Action Center
Authors: Dannefer Rachel , Sleiter Luke , Lopez Jessie , Gutierrez Jaime , Letamendi Carl , John Padmore , Bailey Zinzi 
Published: February 2022

In 2016 and 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene established Neighborhood Health Action Centers (Action Centers) in disinvested communities of color as part of a place-based model to advance health equity. This model includes co-located partners, a referral and linkage system, and community space and programming. In 2018, we surveyed visitors to the East Harlem Action Center to provide a more comprehensive understanding of visitors’ experiences. The survey was administered in English, Spanish, and Mandarin. Respondents were racially diverse and predominantly residents of East Harlem. The majority had been to the East Harlem Action Center previously. Most agreed that the main service provider for their visit made them feel comfortable, treated them with respect, spoke in a way that was easy to understand, and that they received the highest quality of service. A little more than half of returning visitors reported engaging with more than one Action Center program in the last 6 months. Twenty-one percent of respondents reported receiving at least one referral at the Action Center. Two thirds were aware that the Action Center offered a number of programs and services and half were aware that referrals were available. Additional visits to the Action Center were associated with increased likelihood of engaging with more than one program and awareness of the availability of programs and referral services. Findings suggest that most visitors surveyed had positive experiences, and more can be done to promote the Action Center and the variety of services it offers.
Exploring How Undergraduate Psychology Majors Seek Information and Experiences for Career Preparation
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Pals Andrea M. , Elsey Taylor , Golding Jonathan M. , Sheehan Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2022

Background American Psychological Association Guidelines for Undergraduate Education (2013) encourage workforce preparation among undergraduate students, and the field of psychology has implemented this recommendation in various ways. Objective The present study investigated what sources undergraduate psychology students use to find information about and experiences they seek in preparation for their future careers, and what characteristics are associated with this process. Method Undergraduate participants ( N = 354) described the number and type of sources from which they sought information and experiences on careers, and also provided demographic information (e.g., academic achievement). Results Participants primarily used the Internet, advice from friends/family, and a career orientation course to find information, with higher academic achievement predicting the use of more sources. They sought a variety of experiences to enhance career opportunities (e.g., volunteering), with academic achievement and class standing as positive predictors of seeking more of such experiences. Conclusion To maximize students’ success, psychology departments should show students everything that the department and university have to offer by way of career information and preparation. Implications Departments should encourage students to use resources within the psychology department, include career information in orientation courses, in addition to regularly encouraging familiarity with on campus career centers.
Estimating Value-Based Price and Quantifying Uncertainty around It in Health Technology Assessment: Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches
Authors: Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Shiroiwa Takeru 
Published: February 2022

Background: Although several statistical methods have been developed to inform decision making on reimbursement under uncertainty (e.g., expected net benefit, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, and expected value of perfect information [EVPI]), those for value-based pricing are limited. This research develops methods for estimating the value-based price and quantifying the uncertainty around it in health technology assessment. Methods: We defined the value-based price of a medical product under assessment as the price at which the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is just equal to a cost-effectiveness threshold. According to this definition, we derived an explicit form of the value-based price. Using this explicit form, we developed frequentist and Bayesian approaches to value-based pricing under uncertainty. Our proposed methods were illustrated via 2 hypothetical case studies. Results: The value-based price can be expressed explicitly using cost, effectiveness, and a cost-effectiveness threshold and is a linear function of a cost-effectiveness threshold. In the frequentist framework, point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis testing for the value-based price are available. In the Bayesian framework, the best estimate of the value-based price under uncertainty is the weighted median value-based price with the weight of the expected consumption volume of a medical product under assessment. This is based on the opportunity loss incurred by a decision error in value-based pricing. This opportunity loss also provides a basis for the calculation of EVPI associated with value-based pricing. These methods provided estimates of the value-based prices of medical products and the uncertainty around them in 2 hypothetical case studies. Conclusions: Our developed methods can improve decision making on value-based pricing in health technology assessment.
Use of the AusTOMs-OT to record outcomes in an occupational therapy homeless service
Authors: Alderdice Elaine , Wolfe Debra , Timmer Amanda J , Unsworth Carolyn A 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Occupational therapists provide services to homeless people internationally, yet relatively little research evidence underpins this practice. This study aimed to describe the process of selecting an outcome measure for use in a homeless occupational therapy service and demonstrate the changes experienced in the occupational performance of individuals participating in this service. Method The Glasgow homeless occupational therapy service staff reviewed eight outcome measures against six pre-determined criteria. The selected tool was then used to collect data pre and post an occupational therapy intervention with 58 participants. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine statistically significant change from admission to discharge in the different domains of the selected outcome measure. Results The AusTOMs-OT was implemented in daily practice and 70% of participants were discharged following achievement of therapy goals. Clients made clinically and statistically significant improvements over their admission as measured on AusTOMs-OT in areas such as Transfers, Self-Care and Domestic Life-Home, across the health domains of activity, participation and wellbeing. Conclusion AusTOMs-OT was successfully implemented and demonstrated that participants improved over their time with the service. This evidence can be used to support the effectiveness of occupational therapy services with people experiencing homelessness.
Ethical reflection support for potential organ donors' relatives: A narrative review
Authors: Baumann Antoine , Thilly Nathalie , Joseph Liliane , Claudot Frédérique 
Published: February 2022

Background: Even in countries with an opt-out or presumed consent system, relatives have a considerable influence on the post-mortem organ harvesting decision. However, their reflection capacity may be compromised by grief, and they are, therefore, often prone to choose refusal as default option. Quite often, it results in late remorse and dissatisfaction. So, a high-quality reflection support seems critical to enable them to gain a stable position and a long-term peace of mind, and also avoid undue loss of potential grafts. In practice, recent studies have shown that the ethical aspects of reflection are rarely and often poorly discussed with relatives and that no or incomplete guidance is offered. No review of the literature is available to date, although it could be of value to improve the quality of the daily practice. Objectives: The objective was to review and synthesize the main concepts and approaches, theories and practices of ethical reflection support of the relatives or surrogates of potential post-mortem organ donors. Research design: A narrative review was performed in the medical, psychological and ethical fields using PubMed, PsycArticles and Web of Science databases (1980–2020). Results: Out of 150 papers, 25 were finally retained. Four themes were drawn: the moral status of the potential post-mortem organ donor, the principlistic approach with its limits and critics, the narrative approach and the transcendental approach. Discussion: This review suggests an extension of psychological support towards ethical reflection support. The process of helping relatives in their ethical exploration of post-mortem organ donation is psychologically and morally characterized. The need for specialized professionals educated and experienced both in clinical psychology and in health ethics to carry out this task is discussed. Practical impact: This review could contribute to optimize the quality of the ethical reflection support by initiating an evolution from an empirical, partial and individual-dependent support to a more systematized, professionalized and exhaustive support.
Incidence and characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during coronavirus-19 pandemic: A French study
Authors: Vest Agathe , Keilani Chafik , Chaumet-Riffaud Philippe , Barale Pierre-Olivier , Tuil Eric , Ayello-Scheer Sarah , Koch Edouard , Abada Samir , Giocanti-Auregan Audrey , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Delbarre Maxime , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Beaugrand Amélie , Tadayoni Ramin , Sahel José-Alain , Paques Michel 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown on the number and clinical characteristics of patients with retinal detachment (RD) in a French public university eye hospital. Methods Single-center, retrospective non-interventional study. Patients consulting at the emergency room (ER) of Quinze-Vingts Hospital (France) for rhegmatogenous RD before and after instauration of the lockdown were reviewed. We compared the characteristics of patients with RD between the containment period (March17th - April27th,2020) and the period preceding the lockdown (February18th - March16th,2020). We compared the number of RD surgeries performed between the first month of lockdown (March17th - April19th,2020) and the corresponding period of 2019. Number of cases, delay between diagnosis and surgery, visual acuity was measured. Results During the first month of lockdown, 59 RDs were operated on, compared to 107 in the corresponding period in 2019 (-44,8%). Mean time from first symptoms to surgery was significantly higher during the lockdown 12.7 (11.3) days vs 7.6 (7.8) days (p = 0.031) before. During the lockdown, the mean BCVA was lower albeit the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.16 (0.9) during pre-containment vs 1.5 (0.9) during containment; p = 0.09). Reasonsfor delayed consultation were: fear of Covid-19 (31%; p = 0.0001), absence of referral doctor (31%; p = 0.003) and difficulties in getting to public transport (10.3%;p = 0.859). Conclusion Despite maintaining accessto emergency eye care facilitiesin our hospital, the lockdown affected visual health. Should the lockdown be reinstated, we postulate that a better information about eye care access for non-Covid emergencies may attenuate its effect on visual health.