bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical microflares in LS I +61 303 and the search for their multiwavelength counterpart
Authors: Mestre Enrique , Sánchez-Ayaso Estrella , Luque-Escamilla Pedro L. , Martí Josep , Paredes Josep M. , del Ser Daniel , Núñez Jorge 
Published: May 2022

Context. Stellar sources of gamma rays are one of the front lines in modern astrophysics whose understanding can benefit from observational tools not originally designed for their study.
Aims. We take advantage of the high precision photometric capabilities of present-day space facilities to obtain a new perspective on the optical behavior of the X-ray and gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303. Previously unknown phenomena whose effects manifest with amplitudes below 0.01 magnitude can now be clearly observed and studied.
Methods. Our work is mainly based on the analysis of optical and gamma-ray archival data and uses the tools recommended by the different collaborations that provide these valuable observational resources (in particular, the TESS and Fermi orbiting observatories). In addition, complementary ground-based optical spectroscopy has also been conducted.
Results. We report the discovery of small-amplitude optical flares on timescales of a day in the LS I +61 303 light curve. Different alternative scenarios to explain their origin are tentatively proposed.
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie aus der Sicht ambulanter Krebspatienten
Authors: Pichler Theresia , Frank Tamara , Maier Sabrina , Batenhorst Ineke , Abawi-Daltrozzo Tanja , Harbeck Nadia , Algül Hana , Heinemann Volker , Hermelink Kerstin , Mumm Friederike , Dinkel Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Diese Studie untersucht aktuelle Bedürfnisse und Belastungen von ambulanten Krebspatienten im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie.
Material und Methoden Zwischen 11/2020 und 02/2021 wurden 122 ambulante Krebspatientinnen und -patienten des Comprehensive Cancer Center München in die Studie eingeschlossen und anhand eines standardisierten, halbstrukturierten Interviews zu Wissensstand und Informationsbedürfnissen in Bezug auf COVID-19, Risikowahrnehmung und Sorgen hinsichtlich der ambulanten Krebsbehandlung, COVID-19-spezifischen Belastungen sowie zum Vertrauen in das Gesundheitssystem und der Impfbereitschaft befragt. Zusätzlich wurde psychosozialer Distress anhand des Distress-Thermometers (DT) erhoben.
Ergebnisse Über ein Drittel der Krebspatienten (34,2 %, n = 41/120) hatte noch Informationsbedarf hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen des Coronavirus auf ihre Erkrankung oder Behandlung. 17,2 % (n = 21/122) waren von Veränderungen der laufenden oder geplanten Krebstherapie betroffen. Bei n = 42/121 (34,7 %) der Patienten zeigte sich ein erhöhter psychosozialer Distress (DT ≥ 5). Die häufigste Corona-spezifische Belastung war die Angst vor einer Überlastung des Gesundheitssystems (77,9 %, n = 95/122), gefolgt von der Befürchtung, dass sich Angehörige noch größere Sorgen um die betroffenen Patienten machen (56,2 %, n = 68/121). 71,2 % (n = 74/104) der Patienten sind bereit, sich impfen zu lassen; 60 % (n = 18/30) der zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung Unentschlossenen oder Ablehner wünschen sich vor einer endgültigen Entscheidung für die Impfung ein Informationsgespräch mit ihrem Onkologen/ihrer Onkologin.
Schlussfolgerung Corona-spezifische Belastungen von Krebspatienten betreffen insbesondere den Verlauf der Therapie, aber auch eine mögliche Überlastung des Gesundheitssystems. Onkologische Behandler-Teams sollten Fragen ihrer Patienten Raum geben, mögliche Unsicherheiten anerkennen, emotionale Unterstützung leisten und auf valide Informationsquellen aufmerksam machen.
Inter-Reader Variability Using PI-RADS v2 Versus PI-RADS v2.1: Most New Disagreement Stems from Scores 1 and 2
Authors: Beetz Nick Lasse , Haas Matthias , Baur Alexander , Konietschke Frank , Roy Akash , Hamm Charlie Alexander , Rudolph Madhuri Monique , Shnayien Seyd , Hamm Bernd , Cash Hannes , Asbach Patrick , Penzkofer Tobias 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To analyze possible differences in the inter-reader variability between PI-RADS version 2 (v2) and version 2.1 (v2.1) for the classification of prostate lesions using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate.
Methods In this retrospective and randomized study, 239 annotated and histopathologically correlated prostate lesions (104 positive and 135 negative for prostate cancer) were rated twice by three experienced uroradiologists using PI-RADS v2 and v2.1 with an interval of at least two months between readings. Results were tabulated across readers and reading timepoints and inter-reader variability was determined using Fleiss’ kappa (κ). Thereafter, an additional analysis of the data was performed in which PI-RADS scores 1 and 2 were combined, as they have the same clinical consequences.
Results PI-PI-RADS v2.1 showed better inter-reader agreement in the peripheral zone (PZ), but poorer inter-reader agreement in the transition zone (TZ) (PZ: κ = 0.63 vs. κ = 0.58; TZ: κ = 0.47 vs. κ = 0.57). When PI-RADS scores 1 and 2 were combined, the use of PI-RADS v2.1 resulted in almost perfect inter-reader agreement in the PZ and substantial agreement in the TZ (PZ: κ = 0.81; TZ: κ = 0.80).
Conclusion PI-RADS v2.1 improves inter-reader agreement in the PZ. New differences in inter-reader agreement were mainly the result of the assignment of PI-RADS v2.1 scores 1 and 2 to lesions in the TZ. Combining scores 1 and 2 improved inter-reader agreement both in the TZ and in the PZ, indicating that refined definitions may be warranted for these PI-RADS scores.
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Imaging of the Osteoporotic Spine – Quantitative Approaches in Diagnostics and for the Prediction of the Individual Fracture Risk
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Kirschke Jan Stefan , Kronthaler Sophia , Boehm Christof , Dieckmeyer Michael , Vogele Daniel , Kloth Christopher , Lisson Christoph Gerhard , Carballido-Gamio Julio , Link Thomas Marc , Karampinos Dimitrios Charalampos , Karupppasamy Subburaj , Beer Meinrad , Krug Roland , Baum Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent systemic skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural bone deterioration. It predisposes to fragility fractures that can occur at various sites of the skeleton, but vertebral fractures (VFs) have been shown to be particularly common. Prevention strategies and timely intervention depend on reliable diagnosis and prediction of the individual fracture risk, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been the reference standard for decades. Yet, DXA has its inherent limitations, and other techniques have shown potential as viable add-on or even stand-alone options. Specifically, three-dimensional (3 D) imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are playing an increasing role. For CT, recent advances in medical image analysis now allow automatic vertebral segmentation and value extraction from single vertebral bodies using a deep-learning-based architecture that can be implemented in clinical practice. Regarding MRI, a variety of methods have been developed over recent years, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI (CSE-MRI) that enable the extraction of a vertebral body’s proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as a promising surrogate biomarker of bone health. Yet, imaging data from CT or MRI may be more efficiently used when combined with advanced analysis techniques such as texture analysis (TA; to provide spatially resolved assessments of vertebral body composition) or finite element analysis (FEA; to provide estimates of bone strength) to further improve fracture prediction. However, distinct and experimentally validated diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis based on CT- and MRI-derived measures have not yet been achieved, limiting broad transfer to clinical practice for these novel approaches.
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Klinische Erstmanifestation einer chronischen Hepatitis C bei schmerzloser progredienter atrophischer Monoparese des rechten Beines
Authors: Etgen Thorleif , Winklmaier Michael 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 60-jähriger Patient wurde bei einer seit 6 Monaten zunehmenden schmerzlosen Umfangsverminderung der rechten Wade mit leichter Gangstörung eingewiesen. Neurologisch fand sich eine atrophische Monoparese des rechten Unterschenkels mit erhaltenen Muskeleigenreflexen ohne sensible Störungen.
Untersuchungen Elektrophysiologisch bzw. neuroradiologisch zeigte nur der rechte M. triceps surae Zeichen einer kombinierten frischen und chronischen Schädigung bzw. eine ausgeprägte Atrophie mit diffusem Muskelödem. Bei erhöhten Leberwerten war bei bisher nicht bekannter positiver Hepatitis-C-Serologie und hoher Hepatitis-C-Viruslast im Serum sogar im Liquor eine Pleozytose mit sehr niedriger Viruslast nachweisbar.
Diagnose Es wurde die Diagnose einer Hepatitis-C-assoziierten Mononeuropathie des rechten N. ischiadicus mit Schwerpunktbeteiligung des rechten N. tibialis gestellt.
Therapie und Verlauf Nach Therapie mit Sofosbuvir und Velpatasvir trat im Verlauf keine weitere Progredienz der Monoparese mehr auf.
Folgerung Eine chronische Hepatitis C kann in seltenen Fällen mit einer schmerzlosen progredienten Monoparese assoziiert sein. Der Stellenwert von Liquor bezüglich der Pathogenese erfordert weitere Studien.
Practical Aspects of novel MRI Techniques in Neuroradiology: Part 1–3D Acquisitions, Dixon Techniques and Artefact Reduction
Authors: Sundermann Benedikt , Billebaut Benoit , Bauer Jochen , Iacoban Catalin George , Alykova Olga , Schülke Christoph , Gerdes Maike , Kugel Harald , Neduvakkattu Sojan , Bösenberg Holger , Mathys Christian 
Published: May 2022

Background Recently introduced MRI techniques offer improved image quality and facilitate examinations of patients even when artefacts are expected. They pave the way for novel diagnostic imaging strategies in neuroradiology. These methods include improved 3D imaging, movement and metal artefact reduction techniques as well as Dixon techniques.
Methods Narrative review with an educational focus based on current literature research and practical experiences of different professions involved (physicians, MRI technologists/radiographers, physics/biomedical engineering). Different hardware manufacturers are considered.
Results and Conclusions 3D FLAIR is an example of a versatile 3D Turbo Spin Echo sequence with broad applicability in routine brain protocols. It facilitates detection of smaller lesions and more precise measurements for follow-up imaging. It also offers high sensitivity for extracerebral lesions. 3D techniques are increasingly adopted for imaging arterial vessel walls, cerebrospinal fluid spaces and peripheral nerves. Improved hybrid-radial acquisitions are available for movement artefact reduction in a broad application spectrum. Novel susceptibility artefact reduction techniques for targeted application supplement previously established metal artefact reduction sequences. Most of these techniques can be further adapted to achieve the desired diagnostic performances. Dixon techniques allow for homogeneous fat suppression in transition areas and calculation of different image contrasts based on a single acquisition.
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Impact of Preoperative Cervical Length on Pregnancy Outcome in
Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Ortiz Javier U. , Eixarch Elisenda , Micheletti Talita , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Bennasar Mar , Martinez Josep M. , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the impact of preoperative cervical length on
pregnancy outcome in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies complicated by
twin-twin transfusion syndrome that underwent laser surgery or cord
occlusion.
Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 330 patients stratified by
preoperative cervical length (≥25 mm,
16–24 mm,≤15 mm). Maternal characteristics,
operative data, and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the cervical length
groups as well as between the subgroups of patients with a cervical
length≤15 mm according to management (expectant vs.
cerclage).
Results A preoperative cervical length≥25 mm was observed
in 82% (n=271) of cases, 16–24 mm in 9%
(n=29), and≤15 mm in 9% (n=30). Patients
with a preoperative cervical length≤15 mm showed shorter median
procedure-to-delivery interval (5.5 weeks vs. 11.6 (16–24 mm)
vs. 13.0 (≥25 mm); p<0.001); lower median gestational
age at delivery (29.5 weeks vs. 34.3 (16–24 mm) vs. 33.4
(≥25 mm); p<0.001); higher rate of preterm
delivery<32 weeks (78 vs. 20% (16–24 mm) vs.
31% (≥25 mm); p<0.001); and lower neonatal
survival rate of at least one twin (70 vs. 88%
(16–24 mm) vs. 93% (≥25 mm);
p<0.001). Outcome of patients with a preoperative cervical
length≤15 mm was similar regardless of management.
Conclusion Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies complicated by
twin-twin transfusion syndrome with a preoperative cervical
length≤15 mm showed a higher rate of preterm delivery<32
weeks and lower neonatal survival. The role of a cervical cerclage remains
unclear.
Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Malononitrile and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Catalyzed by Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Hatano Yutaro , Mori Naoki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn asymmetric Michael reaction of malononitrile and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a diarylprolinol silyl ether was developed. Michael products were obtained in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities without the formation of overreaction products. As a malononitrile moiety can be transformed into an alkoxy or amino carbonyl moiety by oxidative transformation, α-chiral esters or amides with all-carbon quaternary centers can be synthesized with excellent enantioselectivities.
Synthesis of Fluorinated 2-Benzylphthalazin-1(2H)-one, 1-Phthalazinamine, and 1-Alkoxy/Benzyloxyphthalazine Derivatives by an Ultrasonication Method
Authors: Thirupathi Barla , Dandela Rambabu , Pothireddy Mohanreddy , Hazra Gurupada , Babu Penke Vijaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluorinated heterocyclic compounds have been proven to exhibit interesting potential biological activities. Therefore, various fluorinated 2-benzylphthalazine-1(2H)-one and phthalazine-1-amine derivatives and nonfluorinated 1-alkoxy/benzyloxyphthalazines derivatives have been synthesized by an ultrasonication method. This protocol is more efficient than the conventional method in terms of its product yield and reaction handling and timelines.
Minimally Invasive Nasal Valve Treatment
Authors: Jones Evan A. , Sivam Sunthosh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this article is to explore minimally invasive techniques to treat a poorly functioning nasal valve. It reviews the literature to introduce anatomy and examination, detail efficacy, instruct procedural protocols, and summarize utility. The article was composed based upon literature review and expert opinion. Nasal obstruction is a frequent problem managed by the facial plastic surgeon. It can occur at multiple sites, but commonly problematic regions are the nasal valves. A comprehensive nasal exam can elucidate the source of obstruction and validated obstruction measurements, such as the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Instrument or the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey for Functional and Cosmetic Rhinoplasty, can classify severity. Cartilage grafting and open septorhinoplasty techniques are invaluable for correcting nasal valve obstruction; however, the traditional methods may be neither possible nor optimal for all patients. Minimally invasive treatment modalities have emerged to offer an alternative to classical treatment algorithms. Minimally invasive techniques aimed at improving the nasal valve function include nasal dilators, suture suspension, lateral nasal wall bioresorbable implants, and cartilaginous radio frequency remodeling. Benefits of these methods include clinic-based intervention, avoidance of general anesthesia, use in previously operated noses, and minimally invasive nature. Publications with ranging levels of evidence support the efficacy of these interventions when patients with isolated nasal valve obstruction are examined. Limitations in the data, such as study power, source of funding, duration of follow-up, and longevity of response, warrant the need for further investigation; however, the efficacy of these techniques justifies implementation in proper patient populations into current practice. Minimally invasive nasal valve correction is a valuable tool in the armamentarium of the facial plastic surgeon. It cannot and should not replace traditional septorhinoplasty; however, the techniques are a valuable consideration for the appropriate patient population.
Expanding the Landscape of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5
Authors: Benevides Maria Luiza , França Jr Marcondes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a rare subtype of SCA that usually affects adults. It has been recently reported in children in Europe, North America, and China. This study aims to describe clinical, radiological, and genetic data of a child presenting with SCA5, caused by a heterozygous likely pathogenic missense variant in SPTBN2 (NM_006946.3: c.1052G > C, p.Arg351Pro). According to databases and a review of the literature, this is one of few cases of SCA5 from Latin America. Expanding the landscape of SCA5 is relevant to the differential diagnosis of ataxic cerebral palsy and the autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias.
Pressure-induced reemergence of superconductivity in BaIr2Ge7 and Ba3Ir4Ge16 with cage structures
Authors: Pei Cuiying , Ying Tianping , Zhao Yi , Gao Lingling , Cao Weizheng , Li Changhua , Hosono Hideo , Qi Yanpeng 
Published: May 2022

Clathrate-like or caged compounds have attracted great interest owing to their structural flexibility, as well as their fertile physical properties. Here, we report the pressure-induced reemergence of superconductivity in BaIr2Ge7 and Ba3Ir4Ge16, two new caged superconductors with two-dimensional building blocks of cage structures. After suppression of the ambient-pressure superconducting (SC-I) states, new superconducting (SC-II) states emerge unexpectedly, with Tc increased to a maximum of 4.4 and 4.0 K for BaIr2Ge7 and Ba3Ir4Ge16, respectively. Combined with high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman measurements, we propose that the reemergence of superconductivity in these caged superconductors can be ascribed to a pressure-induced phonon softening linked to cage shrinkage.
Tracing the origin of heterogeneities in the local structure and very sluggish dynamics of [Cho][Gly] ionic liquid confined between rutile and graphite slit nanopores: A MD study
Authors: Khorrami Farzad , Kowsari Mohammad H. 
Published: May 2022

Atomistic-level understanding of the interfacial behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in slit-like nanopores is of both fundamental and practical interest. Molecular dynamics (MD) is an efficient and robust approach to characterize the properties of confined systems in contrast with some limitations in direct experimental measurements at low-dimensions. In this research, MD simulations are used to study the biocompatible IL cholinium glycinate, [Cho][Gly], confined between two parallel plates of rutile or graphite, with the separation distance of 24 Å along the z-direction. As expected, both the microscopic local structure and dynamical behavior of the confined IL are very heterogeneous and depend effectively on the position of the ions to the pore walls. The ion z-density profile is used for segmentation of the inter-wall space into a central region and two outer layers. The behavior of ions in the central region is very similar to the bulk IL, while the behavior of the arranged ionic layers adjacent to the pore walls shows the clear deviation from the bulk IL due to confinement. In general, the confined IL shows a “solid-like” dynamics at T = 353 K, especially in the outer layers near the walls as well as in the z-direction. The presence of the “IL-rutile wall” electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) causes a significant difference in the local structure and very sluggish dynamics of the IL adjacent to the rutile walls vs the graphite walls. Simulation reveals a significant decrease in the average number of key cation–anion H-bonds at the outer layers relative to the central regions of both confined systems. The recognized [Cho]+⋯[Gly]−⋯[Cho]+ bridge structure at the central region is lost in the vicinity of the rutile walls due to inaccessibility of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom, which forms a stable H-bond with the rutile oxygen site. However, another unprecedented [Gly]− bridge is confirmed and preserved near the graphite walls, and [Cho]+ cations prefer to stay parallel to the wall surface to form the van der Waals dispersion interactions with the uncharged graphite walls.
Speech perception and production abilities in a group of Italian preschoolers aged 72–78 months
Authors: Lucarini Gaia , Bovo Roberto , Galatà Vincenzo , Pinton Alessandra , Zmarich Claudio 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The present work aims to contribute to the debate on the relationship between discrimination and production abilities in older pre-school-aged children and to fill a gap in the literature by providing evidence about this relationship in typically developing children speaking Italian, a language that is under-investigated.

Methods
Two novel tests, an AX ‘same/different’ phonological discrimination test and a phonetic test, were administered to a sample of Italian pre-school children aged 72–78 months. Discrimination was tested at the feature and the syllable levels. Production was analyzed for consonant repertoire and the presence of phonological processes, such as devoicing or consonant cluster reduction.

Results
In the AX test, significantly worse performance was found for syllables than for individual features. However, in production, no significant difference was found among phonological processes. No significant correlations were found between children’s performance in the two tests.

Conclusion
The current data suggest that children’s discrimination and production abilities for speech are still developing after age 6. There is no complete overlap between what children produce and what they discriminate. The implications of these findings for theories of language development are discussed.
Enhanced electrical properties and conduction mechanism of A-site rare-earth Nd-substituted CaBi2Nb2O9
Authors: Chen Juan-Nan , Wang Qian , Lu Hong-Ting , Zhao Xian , Wang Chun-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi2Nb2O9, CBN) is considered to be one of the most promising high-temperature (HT) piezoelectric materials owing to its high Curie temperature of ∼940 °C, however, its low electrical resistance and poor piezoelectric properties at elevated temperatures limit its applications at high temperatures. In this work, we report the significantly enhanced dc electrical resistivity and piezoelectric performance of CBN ceramics through rare-earth Nd-substitution. The crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric, electrical, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Nd-modified CBN with nominal compositions of Ca1−x
Nd
x
Bi2Nb2O9 (CBN-100xNd) have been investigated in detail. The results indicate that the substitutions of Nd3+ ions for Ca2+ ions increase the piezoelectric properties, and reduce the dielectric loss tanδ at high temperatures. The dc and ac conduction mechanisms indicate that the conduction mechanism is closely related to oxygen vacancies that are reduced through the donor substitutions of Nd3+ for Ca2+, thereby resulting in a significant improvement in the dc electrical resistivity. The optimal composition of CBN-3Nd exhibits a high piezoelectric constant d
33 of 13.5 pC N−1, and a high Curie temperature T
c of 948 °C. More importantly, the CBN-3Nd exhibits good thermal stability of the electrical properties (ρ= 2.6 × 107 Ω cm at 500 °C and 1.8 × 106 Ω cm at 600 °C, k
p = 6.1%–6.2% at RT ∼ 500 °C), which demonstrates that the Nd-modified CBN ceramics are promising piezoelectric materials for use in HT piezoelectric sensors.