bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical modelling of synchronous reluctance motor including non‐linear magnetic condition
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Usman , Kallaste Ants , Asad Bilal , Vaimann Toomas , Rassõlkin Anton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical modelling technique based on modified winding function and co‐energy analysis, for characterisation of synchronous reluctance machines, in conjunction with a hybrid algorithm for mapping of the machine's operating point on BH curve and the corresponding performance parameters in non‐linear magnetic condition. The model successfully provides the mean torque and the torque profiles of a synchronous reluctance motor as a function of input current and load‐angle in the magnetic linear and non‐linear conditions. The obtained results of this proposed model are compared with finite‐element‐analysis (FEA) based commercial design software Simcentre‐MAGNET. The comparison proves this model's capability to estimate the machine's performance parameters with considerable accuracy from an already established design analysis technique, FEA. The proposed modelling technique requires only a fraction of simulation runtime when compared to other design analysis techniques. Considering the accuracy of this modelling technique and the least requirement of computation resources and simulation time, this model can be used as an initial iterative‐design tool for mass personalised, additively manufactured electrical machines where rapidness of the iterative design analysis tool is of paramount importance.
Harmonic state estimation based on graph signal processing
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Rui , Ma Xiaoyang , Qiu Wei , Fu Qiang , Zhou Runze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel harmonic state estimation (HSE) methodology based on graph signal processing. The proposed approach can perform HSE without calculating harmonic impedance. The proposed methodology involves graph signal theory for constructing a graph Laplacian matrix and an unconstrained optimization function, the adaptive K‐means algorithm for building a prior information model of the target bus, as well as data fuzzification and the domain averaging method for state estimation. Simulations are carried out using a 30‐bus power distribution system, and results are presented and discussed to prove the efficiency of the proposed method. The practical application further verifies the availability of the proposed method.
Single‐pole tripped emergency control and multistep power recovery strategy for a symmetric bipolar VSC‐HVDC system
Authors: Guo Peiqian , Ji Yirun , Yuan Zhichang , Zhao Yuming , Wu Aijun , Liu Guowei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a symmetric bipolar voltage sourced converter‐high voltage direct current system (VSC‐HVDC) with a conventionally independent power controller, a single‐pole converter unit malfunction or conversion capacity limitation results in a power imbalance for this converter station. To address this, a centralized power control strategy with single‐pole tripped emergency control and a multistep power regulation strategy for parallel double converter units is proposed. Firstly, considering the power conversion limitation or power asymmetrical operation caused by single‐unit malfunction, the tripped emergency coordination between two converter units can be accomplished to realize a constant transmission power capacity of this converter station. Secondly, for the recovery process of the faulty converter unit, the multistep power switching strategy is adopted. When the fault has been removed and the faulty converter unit is deblocked to reconnect to the DC grid, the proposed strategy is used to achieve self‐adaptive power regulation. By adopting this strategy, the large power fluctuations in the process of reconnection can be effectively alleviated. Finally, a simulator based on PSCAD/EMTDC is indicated. The results show that the developed control strategy can realize self‐adaptive imbalanced power adjustment between two parallel converter units and single‐pole tripped unit smoothing reconnection.
A real‐time state estimation framework for integrated energy system considering measurement delay
Authors: Xu Dongliang , Xu Junjun , Wu Zaijun , Hu Qinran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasingly close connections between multiple heterogeneous energy subsystems, the integrated energy system (IES) will play a critical role in ensuring future energy generations and distributions. As an essential function of the energy management system, state estimation provides data support for energy management of IES. Unfortunately, the existing IES state estimation method does not consider the measurement delay, which is inconsistent with the measurement delay characteristics caused by the multi‐timescale characteristics of IES. Driven by this motivation, this paper proposes a real‐time state estimation framework for the gas‐electricity coupled system. Considering the characteristics of the gas pipelines and coupling elements, the dynamic model of the natural gas system is established. A dynamic state estimation algorithm to enhance numerical stability is adopted to solve the problem that real‐time estimation based on the traditional Kalman filter suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Finally, a modified unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based estimation method is designed based on unified time processing and delay noise synthesizing. The IEEE 39‐bus electrical system and the 20‐node Belgian gas system are coupled to form the test system in this paper. The case study shows the advantages of the proposed method in efficiency and accuracy compared with the existing methods.
Optimal power allocation in nonlinear MDM‐WDM systems using Gaussian noise model
Authors: Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein , Nezamalhosseini S. Alireza , Chen Lawrence R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMode‐division multiplexing (MDM) using few‐mode fibre (FMF) has received increasing attention to address the exponential growth of data traffic in long‐haul optical communication systems. Also, combining the MDM with wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising approach for dramatically growing the transmission capacity in such systems. However, a major barrier in this regard is the FMF nonlinear effects, which can significantly reduce the link performance. In this paper, in order to alleviate the FMF nonlinear effects, we focus on power allocation in FMF links by optimizing the input power of each optical WDM channel of each spatial mode, which leads to maximizing the total capacity transmission and also the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) margin. The FMF nonlinearity has been already modelled as the Gaussian noise (GN) for which no closed‐form formulation has been developed so far. Here, we derive a closed‐form GN model for this problem and verify it by comparing with the integral‐form GN model and split‐step Fourier method. In this approach, an optimal power is independently determined for each channel of each mode by optimizing a capacity maximization and a minimum SNR margin maximization problem in convex forms. The performance of different links including the single mode fibre‐WDM, MDM‐single channel, and MDM‐WDM are compared using computer simulations. These systems are comprehensively investigated in equal/non‐equal required SNR as well as flat/non‐flat amplifier gain scenarios. It is shown that optimized power allocation to each channel of each mode has a significant enhancement in the minimum SNR margin maximization scheme compared to the best equal power allocation. Furthermore, this improvement is much more in non‐equal required SNR and the non‐flat amplifier gain scenarios, showing the efficiency of the established approach in practical communication links.
A ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy of large‐scale electric vehicles (EVs) in a multi‐area Virtual Power Plant (VPP) oriented to dual carbon target
Authors: Li Jianfang , Peng Daogang , Zhao Huirong , Wang Danhao , Qi Erjiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVirtual power plant (VPP) is a comprehensive demand response (DR) technology to aggregate various power supply and consumption resources to help stabilise power grid fluctuations and reduce CO2 emissions. Fast‐charging electric vehicles (EVs) with higher charging power and shorter charging time are the most potential high‐quality DR resources of VPP in the future. In this paper, a new ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy is proposed to solve the daily real‐time DR dispatching problem of large‐scale EVs including fast‐charging ones in a multi‐area VPP oriented to China's dual carbon target. This proposed bi‐layer strategy has two main contributions in both spatial and temporal domains. One is that, compared with the limited geographical area in traditional VPP, the upper layer of the proposed strategy considers the DR problem of EVs in a VPP with multiple geographical areas and establishes a spatial optimisation model of EVs DR considering both energy and carbon transaction costs of the overall VPP. The other is that rather than traditional slow‐charging EVs DR control with 1‐h temporal interval, the lower layer of the proposed strategy adds fast‐charging EVs in the real‐time orderly charging and discharging DR control by a shorter temporal interval of 15 min and designs two different charging and discharging price stimulation scenarios. The simulation results in the last section of this paper show that the proposed ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy can effectively guide the charging and discharging behaviours of EVs in both spatial and temporal domains of a multi‐area VPP, achieving lower energy and carbon transaction cost and smaller load fluctuations.
Computing resource allocation strategy considering privacy protection mechanism in edge computing environment
Authors: Shan Jialing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem that it is difficult to achieve high privacy security and low time consumption in the process of user terminals resource allocation, this paper proposes a computing resource allocation strategy considering privacy protection mechanism in edge computing environment. Firstly, the problem is modelled as partially observable Markov decision process, and a reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to minimize the failure rate of tasks. Secondly, the privacy entropy is used to protect the privacy information data, and computing tasks are divided into several different types of data to measure the uncertainty of computing tasks. Finally, the time consumption and the data privacy security degree of user terminals are quantified by using time computing model and privacy entropy value, and a multi‐objective optimization problem model is established. Experiments show that the system energy consumption of the proposed method in the worst case is also less than 20 J, which is better than the two comparison methods. This method not only reduces the system energy consumption, but also enhances the security of data distribution and transmission.
New view of the Balmer-Kapteyn region: Cryptomare distribution and formation
Authors: Qiu Denggao , Li Fei , Yan Jianguo , Wang Xianmin , Gao Wutong , Deng Qingyun , Guo Xi 
Published: January 2022

Context.The cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region is the oldest one on the Moon. Determining the extent and formation of this feature can deepen our understanding of early mare volcanism and help establish temporal and spatial constraints on lunar thermal and volcanic history.Aims.This paper focuses on the identification of lunar cryptomaria and figuring out their formation processes.Methods.We used the Global WAC digital terrain model to analyze the terrain. We built a mathematical model using support vector machines and input Kaguya Multiband Imager data to estimate oxide concentrations in the Balmer-Kapteyn region. We used the Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) to analyze the minerals. We improved the cryptomare identification model to increase the accuracy of basalt identification in the cryptomare region. Finally, we used three methods to estimate the ejecta thickness of the target basin to the Balmer-Kapteyn region.Results.New Al2O3, CaO, FeO, MgO, and TiO2maps were generated using the Kaguya Multiband Imager and a novel machine-learning model. As a result, the extent of the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region was redefined and the formation process of the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region was divided into five formation stages: Balmer basin formation, ejecta coverage from the Pre-Nectarian and Nectarian large impact basins, mare basalt filling, ejecta secondary coverage of high-albedo materials, and exposure of mare basalts.Conclusions.We found that the bottom of the Crater Vendelinus is likely to hide ancient mare basalt. Moreover, the high-aluminum mare basalt of the cryptomare is different from the composition of the exposed mare basalts in Mare Fecunditatis and Crater Vendelinus. The high-albedo material covering the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region could have come from the Langrenus, Petavius, Humboldt, La Perouse, and Ansgarius Craters, along with some from the Orientale Basin impact event or potentially from the Imbrium Basin impact event.
Astrochemical significance and spectroscopy of tetratomic [H, P, S, O]
Authors: Esposito V. J. , Friskey J. M. , Trabelsi T. , Francisco J. S. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Phosphorus is integral to life on Earth, and its role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium is highly debated and unknown. Only a handful of phosphorus-bearing species have been detected thus far, with the most recent confirmed detection taking place in 2014. The simultaneous detection of molecules such as PO, SH, and OH indicate the possibility of reactive intermediate species existing in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. To explore this possibility, the [H, P, S, O] tetratomic isomer family was characterized using high level ab initio methods.
Aims. The aim of this study is to provide rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic data to drive experimental and observational detection of new phosphorus and sulfur-bearing molecules. Additionally, chemical pathways are explored to explain possible reservoirs for the as of yet undetected PH and PS diatomic molecules.
Methods. Coupled cluster quantum chemistry methods were used to calculate the equilibrium electronic structure followed by the anharmonic treatment of the cubic and quartic force fields to obtain accurate rotational and vibrational data. Møller–Plesset perturbation theory in conjunction with coupled cluster methods were used to explore bimolecular reaction pathways. Multi-reference methods were then used to characterize the photochemical pathways of the excited electronic states and simulate the electronic absorption spectrum.
Results. The reaction between detected molecules SH and PO is highly exothermic and forms the HSPO isomer. Deeply submerged transition state barriers allow for facile isomerization to other isomers, especially HOPS. The dominant photochemical process predicted for HOPS is dissociation to form OH + PS, while that of HSPO is a combination of photodissociation to form H + SPO and SH + PO, depending on the wavelength of light absorbed. If PH and PS are formed in the early outflows from evolved stars, bimolecular reactions may act as a reservoir and partially account for their lack of detection to date. The electronic absorption spectrum is predicted to be congested in the 175–200 nm region for both HOPS and HSPO. Differentiating peaks exist >400 nm, which can be used for spectral assignment. Vibrationally corrected rotational constants and anharmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated to assist in the laboratory and observation identification of the most stable molecules. The PO stretch is predicted to be the most intense vibrational mode in both HOPS isomers, and a frequency difference of 20 cm−1 may prove to help differentiate the conformers in an experimental spectrum.
Chiral Urea-Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of 3-Fluorooxindoles with α-Amidosulfones: Synthesis of Optically Active α-Fluoro-β-amino-oxindoles
Authors: Lin Yingjie , Duan Haifeng , Zhang Xin , Wei Zhonglin , Cao Jungang , Liang Dapeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3-fluorooxindoles and α-amidosulfones catalyzed by a chiral urea catalyst derived from quinine in presence of K3PO4 was developed. Through the asymmetric reaction, a series of α-fluoro-β-amino-oxindoles, containing a tertiary carbon stereocenter, could be obtained in high yields (up to 95%) with high enantioselectivity (95%) and diastereoselectivity (>99:1). Such α-fluoro-β-amino-oxindole compounds are expected to become candidates in the field of medicine.
Bone Remodeling after Ulna Head Replacement in Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty: A Radiographic Comparison between a Partial and a Total Ulna Head Concept
Authors: Brogren Elisabeth , Abramo Antonio , Tägil Magnus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Ulna head arthroplasty has become an eligible solution for injury or disease in the distal radioulnar joint. Bone resorption beneath the prosthetic head is often reported, but mechanism poorly understood.
Purpose The aims were to evaluate bone remodeling and radiological instability in two conceptually different distal radioulnar joint arthroplasties: the total and the partial ulna head replacement.
Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective radiographic assessment of 51 ulna head arthroplasties; 26 Herbert ulna (total ulna head replacement) and 25 First Choice (partial ulna head replacement), to analyze periprosthetic bone resorption and radiologic instability. Intraoperative/immediate postoperative and 1-year radiographs were reviewed by two independent assessors. The radiographic follow-up averaged 13 (10–17) months. The size of the stem in relation to the diameter of the ulna (filling ratio) was measured on the intraoperative/immediate postoperative radiographs. Bone resorption beneath the collar of the prothesis was measured on the 1-year radiographs and expressed as a bone resorption index (BRI) between the length of the resorption and the length of the implant stem. Radiological stability was measured on both the preoperative and the 1-year lateral radiographs.
Results The total ulna head prothesis presented with more extensive bone resorption beneath the prosthetic head than the partial ulna head prothesis at 1-year post surgery (p <0.001). The filling ratio did not influence the 1-year bone resorption and there was no difference regarding radiological instability between the two prosthetic designs.
Conclusion The pattern of bone adaptions after an ulna head prothesis may differ due to design and concept of the prosthesis.
Distal Radioulnar Joint Locking with Bipolar Injury
Authors: Ichikawa Takeru , Suzuki Taku , Kimura Hiroo , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Locking of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) induces restriction of the active and passive motion of pronation or supination of the forearm. Diagnosis of DRUJ locking due to a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear is sometimes difficult.
Case Description A 15-year-old female suffered from restriction of forearm supination after cast immobilization for the treatment of an elbow injury. The active and passive range of motion (ROM) of supination was 30 degrees, while the active ROM of pronation was normal. Radiographs of the elbow showed a fracture of the medial epicondyle and a fracture around the radial head. Radiographs of the wrist showed a subluxation of the ulnar head. Accurate diagnosis of supination restriction was difficult before surgery, so an operation was performed for the diagnosis and treatment. DRUJ locking was reduced manually and arthroscopic findings showed central perforation of the TFCC. Forearm supination improved to 90 degrees postoperatively.
Literature Review DRUJ locking due to a TFCC injury is rare and this condition with bipolar injury has not been reported.
Clinical Relevance DRUJ locking due to an injured TFCC should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of supination contracture.
Novel GNE Gene Variants Associated with Severe Congenital Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Sialylation Defect
Authors: Zieger Barbara , Boeckelmann Doris , Anani Waseem , Falet Hervé , Zhu Jieqing , Glonnegger Hannah , Full Hermann , Andresen Felicia , Erlacher Miriam , Lausch Ekkehart , Fels Salome , Strahm Brigitte , Lang Peter , Hoffmeister Karin M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe GNE gene encodes an enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid, a precursor of sialic acids. GNE mutations are classically associated with Nonaka myopathy and sialuria, following an autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Reports show that single GNE variants cause severe thrombocytopenia without muscle weakness. Using panel sequencing, we identified two novel compound heterozygous variants in GNE in a young girl with life-threatening bleedings, severe congenital thrombocytopenia, and a platelet secretion defect. Both variants are located in the nucleotide-binding site of the N-acetylmannosamin kinase domain of GNE. Lectin array showed decreased α-2,3-sialylation on platelets, consistent with loss of sialic acid synthesis and indicative of rapid platelet clearance. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) normalized platelet counts. This is the first report of an HSCT in a patient with an inherited GNE defect leading to normal platelet counts.
Remodeling of lateral geniculate nucleus projections to extrastriate area MT following long-term lesions of striate cortex
Authors: Atapour Nafiseh , Worthy Katrina H. , Rosa Marcello G. P. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Lesions of the primary visual area (V1) in primates cause blindness by severing the main pathway which brings information from the thalamus to the cortex. However, some visual abilities remain, which are hypothesized to be mediated by thalamic neurons that innervate surviving areas such as the middle temporal (MT) cortex. We found that V1 lesions trigger long-term plasticity in the connections between the thalamus and cortex, including the emergence of a pathway that brings information to MT from cell populations that would normally project to V1. These results reveal potential targets for rehabilitation strategies to ameliorate the consequences of cortical blindness.
Tourism and Local Community Engagement in Costa Rica
Authors: Seabolt Katie , Ward-Perkins David , Couttet Alizée , Jacob Camille , Liu Jiatong , Zhou Chutong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Unique Adventures is a Costa Rican adventure company owned by two female entrepreneurs, Maricruz Pereira and Soledad Naranjo. They offer custom-made packages for visitors wanting to experience Costa Rica from the inside, in the form of adventure tourism, wellness, relaxation and interaction with local communities.

Information
Written on the basis of material provided by Maricruz Pereira and Soledad Naranjo of Unique Adventures.
© CAB International 2022