bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology of the vulnerable aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) in north‐western Sahara
Authors: Bounaceur Farid , Benamor Naceur , Bissaad Fatima Zohra , Lasgaa Faten , Baghadid Sabah , Rezigua Faiza , Aulagnier Stéphane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe feeding ecology of the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) was investigated for the first time in north‐western Sahara, Djebel Antar (Bechar province, Algeria), from autumn 2015 to summer 2016. Microhistological analyses of faeces revealed an annual diet composed of 23 identified taxa belonging to 16 plant families. The highest species diversity was recorded in spring and summer (23 species), despite a marked consumption of two species: Vachellia tortilis (17.7%) and Avena sterilis (14.0%); diet diversity was lower in autumn and winter (16 species), including mainly Teucrium polium (14.7%, 21.0%) and Gymnocarpos decander (19.7%, 10.0%). The main plant parts consumed during these seasons were stems (77.7%, 65.3%), while leaves and inflorescences were mostly consumed during spring and summer (54.7%, 52.3%). Forbs dominated the aoudad's diet, with 46.3% average relative abundance, including mainly T. polium, Limoniastrum feei, and Chrysanthemum macrocarpum. Woody plants including mainly V. tortilis and G. decander accounted for 33.3% (50.0% in autumn), and grasses including A. sterilis and H. murinum for 20.4% (32.0% in summer). Based on this diet, A. lervia can be classified as a “generalist mixed‐feeder.”
Feeding the Land: The Importance of Paying Attention to Sakha Language with Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Authors: Sidorova Evgeniia (Jen) , Ferguson Jenanne 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThrough (auto)ethnographic research in the Amga and Megino‐Khangalas uluses (districts) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), in this article, we discuss the intrinsic importance of paying close attention to Indigenous languages when exploring Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Here, language refers not only to vocabulary but also to the kinds of communicative practices or speech acts used to transmit or talk about TEK, especially those that reveal the indivisibility of the physical and spiritual elements in many Indigenous ontologies. Through the presentation of narratives of two researchers—one ethnically Sakha, one not—we highlight the centrality of language to maintaining the integrity of TEK and other Indigenous knowledge. We argue that not only must language be centered and documented to reflect the importance of language choice, but terminology should be situated within stories or narratives to best reveal connections of language to ontology, highlighting the interconnectedness of language and knowledge. [Sakha Republic (Yakutia), autoethnography, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Sakha language, language usage]
Hospital Profiling Using Bayesian Decision Theory
Authors: Hengelbrock Johannes , Rauh Johannes , Cederbaum Jona , Kähler Maximilian , Höhle Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For evaluating the quality of care provided by hospitals, special interest lies in the identification of performance outliers. The classification of healthcare providers as outliers or non-outliers is a decision under uncertainty, because the true quality is unknown and can only be inferred from an observed result of a quality indicator. We propose to embed the classification of healthcare providers into a Bayesian decision theoretical framework that enables the derivation of optimal decision rules with respect to the expected decision consequences. We propose paradigmatic utility functions for two typical purposes of hospital profiling: the external reporting of healthcare quality and the initiation of change in care delivery. We make use of funnel plots to illustrate and compare the resulting optimal decision rules and argue that sensitivity and specificity of the resulting decision rules should be analyzed. We then apply the proposed methodology to the area of hip replacement surgeries by analyzing data from 1,277 hospitals in Germany which performed over 180,000 such procedures in 2017. Our setting illustrates that the classification of outliers can be highly dependent upon the underlying utilities. We conclude that analyzing the classification of hospitals as a decision theoretic problem helps to derive transparent and justifiable decision rules. The methodology for classifying quality indicator results is implemented in an R package (iqtigbdt) and is available on GitHub.
A Kaupapa Māori conceptualization and efforts to address the needs of the growing precariat in Aotearoa New Zealand: A situated focus on Māori
Authors: Rua Mohi , Hodgetts Darrin , Groot Shiloh , Blake Denise , Karapu Rolinda , Neha Eddie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Aotearoa New Zealand, the precariat is populated by at least one in six New Zealanders, with Māori (Indigenous peoples) being over‐represented within this emerging social class. For Māori, this socio‐economic positioning reflects a colonial legacy spanning 150 years of economic and cultural subjugation, and intergenerational experiences of material, cultural and psychological insecurities. Relating our Kaupapa Māori approach (Māori cultural values and principles underlining research initiatives) to the precariat, this article also draws insights from existing scholarship on social class in psychology and Assemblage Theory in the social sciences to extend present conceptualizations of the Māori precariat. In keeping with the praxis orientation central to our approach, we consider three exemplars of how our research into Māori precarity is mobilized in efforts to inform public deliberations and government policies regarding poverty reduction, humanizing the welfare system and promoting decent work. Note: Aotearoa New Zealand has been popularized within the everyday lexicon of New Zealanders as a political statement of Indigenous rights for Māori.
Long‐term outcome after Bascom's cleft‐lift procedure under tumescent local analgesia for pilonidal sinus disease: a cohort study
Authors: Svarre Kristina J. , Serup Camilla M. , Kanstrup Charlotte T. B. , Kleif Jakob , Bertelsen Claus A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimBascom's cleft‐lift procedure for pilonidal sinus disease under tumescent local analgesia is feasible and well tolerated with favourable short‐term outcomes. We aimed to assess the 10‐year treatment success rate after cleft‐lift under tumescent local analgesia.MethodThis was a single‐centre cohort study based on prospectively registered perioperative data and survey data with additional data from electronic medical records. The cleft‐lift procedure was performed under tumescent local analgesia in a day‐surgical setting at a tertiary referral hospital between 1 July 2008 and 31 March 2014. The primary outcome was the 10‐year risk treatment success defined as complete wound healing within 180 days of surgery or no recurrence assessed with competing risk analyses. Secondary outcomes were time to complete wound healing, persistent pain and cosmetic satisfaction.ResultsTwo hundred patients with complex pilonidal sinus disease were included. Indication was incomplete wound healing after pilonidal sinus surgery in 43 (21.5%) patients, recurrence after previous intervention in 78 (39.0%) or moderate to complex sinuses assessed by a consultant surgeon in 79 (39.5%). One hundred and ninety‐five patients had complete wound healing within 180 days with a median time of 29 days (interquartile range 16–47). The cumulative risk of 10‐year recurrence was 11.3% (95% CI 6.2%–16.4%) with a median follow‐up time of 8.5 (1.0–10.7) years. Treatment success was 86.1% (95% CI 80.6%–91.5%). No significant predictors were associated with recurrence, and 90% of patients experienced no persistent pain.ConclusionCleft‐lift performed under tumescent local analgesia has an acceptable 10‐year treatment failure rate, making the method feasible in a day‐surgery setting.
Conservation implications and opportunities of mining activities for terrestrial mammal habitat
Authors: Sonter Laura J. , Lloyd Thomas J. , Kearney Stephen G. , Di Marco Moreno , O'Bryan Christopher J. , Valenta Richard K. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMining companies increasingly commit to a net positive impact on biodiversity. However, assessing the industry's progress toward achieving this goal is limited by knowledge of current mining threats to biodiversity and the relevant opportunities available for them to improve conservation outcomes. Here, we investigate the global exposure of terrestrial mammal habitat to mining activities, revealing the 136 species with >30% of their habitat within 10 km of a mining property or exploration site. One third (n = 42) of these species are already threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), suggesting projected increased demand for minerals may push some species beyond critical thresholds. Moreover, 28% (n = 33) of species are Data Deficient, illustrating tangible ways for industry to fill current knowledge gaps. However, large discrepancies between our results and the species currently listed as threatened by mining in the IUCN Red List, suggest other species may be at risk and that conservation tools and analyses based on these data may underestimate the benefits of averting such threats. We recommend ways to better capture mining threats to species within IUCN Red List assessments and discuss how these changes could improve conservation outcomes in mineral‐rich areas.
Factors related to polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy for the elderly: A nationwide cohort study using National Health Insurance data in South Korea
Authors: Cho Ho Jin , Chae Jungmi , Yoon Sang‐Heon , Kim Dong‐Sook 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolypharmacy may cause adverse health outcomes in the elderly. This study examined the prevalence of continuous polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy, factors associated with polypharmacy, and the most frequently prescribed medications among older adults in South Korea. This was a retrospective observational study using National Health Insurance claims data. In total, 7,358,953 Korean elderly patients aged 65 years and older were included. Continuous polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy were defined as the use of ≥5 and ≥10 medications, respectively, for both ≥90 days and ≥180 days within 1 year. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for general characteristics (sex, age, insurance type), comorbidities (12 diseases, number of comorbidities, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index [ECI] classification), and healthcare service utilization. Among 7.36 million elderly patients, 47.8% and 36.9% had polypharmacy for ≥90 and ≥180 days, and 11.9% and 7.1% of patients exhibited hyper‐polypharmacy for ≥90 and ≥180 days, respectively. Male sex, older age, insurance, comorbidities (cardio‐cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depressive disorder, dementia, an ECI score of ≥3), and healthcare service utilization were associated with an increased probability of polypharmacy. The therapeutic class with the most prescriptions was drugs for acid‐related disorders (ATC A02). The number of outpatient visit days more strongly influenced polypharmacy than hospitalizations and ED visits. This study provides health policymakers with important evidence about the critical need to reduce polypharmacy among older adults.
Making a good career choice: A decision‐analytical intervention to enhance proactive decision‐making and career choice self‐efficacy in high school students
Authors: Siebert Johannes Ulrich , Becker Maxi , Oeser Nadine 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAt the end of high school, teenagers must deal with the first life‐changing decision of determining what to do after graduation. For these decisions, adolescents need to be able to make good choices. However, most schools have not yet implemented decision trainings into their curricula. A new intervention called “KLUGentscheiden!” was developed to train complex decision‐making in high school students to close this gap. The intervention targets three key components of good decision‐making: envisioning one's objectives, identifying relevant alternatives, and comparing the identified alternatives by a weighted evaluation. We assumed that successfully training those decision‐analytical steps should enhance self‐perceived proactive decision‐making skills. In addition, the training should also enhance self‐assessed career choice self‐efficacy. The intervention was evaluated in a pseudorandomized control study including 193 high school students. Compared to a control group, the intervention group significantly increased proactive decision‐making skills and career choice self‐efficacy. Although different long‐term evaluations are still pending, the KLUGentscheiden! intervention provides an important tool to train complex decision‐making in high‐school students. It also has the potential to apply to other career choices of young individuals, such as choosing majors, a final thesis, a job, or a field of work.
Does income inequality really matter for credit booms?
Authors: Ayadi Rym , Naceur Sami B. , Challita Sandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the question whether income inequality is associated with credit booms, alongside other macroeconomic factors. We distinguish between the different types of credit booms—real estate credit booms, household credit booms, firm credit booms and credit booms that turn into crises. Furthermore, our analysis of a sample of 70 countries between 1990 and 2016 does not provide any evidence of credit booms driving income inequality. We observe that capital inflows increase the likelihood of credit boom occurrence, while countries experiencing high economic growth tend to have more credit booms. Finally, we note that credit booms are more frequent in countries with fixed exchange rate regimes.
Impact assessment and mechanism of water conservancy policy on carbon emission performance under the background of artificial intelligence
Authors: Xiang Junjie , Mao Haitao , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence technology is constantly developing and changing. Due to the continuous development of technology and production of carbon emissions, various problems have occurred, forcing various regions to start promoting low‐carbon work. What kind of method can effectively and quickly improve the performance of carbon emissions has become one of the current research topics that has attracted much attention. In response to this problem, it is of great significance to study in the field of carbon emission performance improvement methods. With the in‐depth research on carbon emissions, the research on the intervention of water conservancy policies in carbon emissions has gradually been carried out, and its functional effects are of great significance to solve the problem of improving carbon emissions performance. This paper has aimed to study the impact and mechanism of water conservancy policy on carbon emission performance in the context of artificial intelligence. Through the analysis and research of the water conservancy policy under artificial intelligence, the double difference model (DID) is used to evaluate it, so that it can show the impact and mechanism on carbon emission performance, so as to solve the problem of improving carbon emission performance. This paper has analysed water policy, carbon emission performance and DID model under artificial intelligence. Its influence and mechanism have been experimentally analysed, and related theoretical formulas have been used to explain. The results have shown that the water conservancy policy has a significant and continuous driving effect on the reduction of carbon emission intensity, and its interaction coefficient under the control variable is −0.934, which is significantly negative. Further analysis of variables has shown that the energy intensity coefficient is 0.714, and the secondary industry coefficient is 0.924, which are both positive and significant. Water conservancy policies mainly reduce carbon intensity through the improvement of energy efficiency and industrial structure upgrading. It can be seen that water conservancy policies under artificial intelligence can meet the needs of improving carbon emission performance, and the level of economic growth and green development has been greatly improved.
Food quality and exposure time affect induced defences in Daphnia: Based on key morphology, life history traits, and expression of related genes
Authors: Huang Yuan , Lu Na , Yang Tingting , Akbar Siddiq , Sun Yunfei , Gu Lei , Zhang Lu , Yang Zhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Kairomone‐induced anti‐predation defences in zooplankton mediate trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Changes in food quality greatly affect induced defences because of the potential influence on resource allocation. Understanding how zooplankton respond to predation risk under poor nutrition conditions is critical for predicting ecosystem function.

The present study focused on the fish kairomone‐induced defences in Daphnia pulex fed unicellular non‐toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. Transcriptions of key genes were detected to interpret changes in morphological and life history traits. Additionally, the degree of responsiveness of traits to increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet was compared at different endpoints with varied exposure duration.

Daphnia pulex decreased body size but showed an elongated tail spine as morphological adaptations to the presence of fish kairomones, supported by enhanced transcriptions of chitin deacetylase and cuticle protein genes. However, with suppressed expression of the related genes, tail spine length was linearly reduced by increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet, accompanied by decreased somatic growth and reproduction. Presence of fish kairomones interactively affected the inhibitive effects of increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet on Daphnia growth, reproduction, and tail spine defence but not body size. In addition, the magnitude of effects of M. aeruginosa on Daphnia growth and morphological responses under fish kairomone exposure was increased with the increasing length of exposure time from 3–7 days (reaching maturity) to 14 days (by the end of tests), indicating an aggravated inhibitive effect of M. aeruginosa on induced defences over time.

The present study provides references for evaluating zooplankton‐fish interactions under poor nutrition conditions. Since a cyanobacterial bloom may last from a few weeks to several months, experiments involving the whole life span of zooplankton are thought to fully reveal the actual impact of cyanobacteria on interspecific interactions related to zooplankton. In addition, unifying the exposure time to cyanobacteria for comparative studies is recommended in future research.
Velomobilities: Cycling geographies and well‐being
Authors: Waitt Gordon , Buchanan Ian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCycling has cut across public health and policy forums in the last decade given trends in urban governance for liveability and uptake of cycling during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review discusses work that helps understand where, how, and why time spent cycling can contribute to health and well‐being. The review discusses how cycling geographies offers an alternative to biomedical approaches that measure the risks versus the medical benefits of riding a bike. The paper is structured around three key themes that characterise contemporary cycling geographies (a) cycling and neoliberalism; (b) cycling citizenship; and (c) everyday cycling. The paper argues, these studies have not gone far enough in understanding the relationship between well‐being and cycling. To help address this gap the review offers a ‘mobile territories of well‐being’ framework. To conclude, consideration is given to the policy implications of a cycling geographies research agenda engaging with a mobile territories of well‐being framework.
Masculinities and affective equality; the case of professional caring
Authors: Hanlon Niall 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCritical studies of men and masculinities [CSMM] aim to advance gender equality by critiquing and deconstructing male hegemony and hegemonic masculinities. Although the implicit value of gender equality is clear in CSMM generally, the conceptualization of equality is frequently vague, implied, and lacks conceptual definition. The problem is compounded in caring masculinities studies which additionally often lack engagement with critical feminist and other socio‐political perspectives on caring. These shortcomings hide the complex interrelation of different dimensions to inequality as they intersect with multiple relational identities. Caring practices are also complex, having distinct phases that engage different forms of labor within separate relational contexts. In response, this article proposes the model of affective equality (Lynch et al., 2009) and the concept of care as relational social practice (Tronto, 1993) as normative perspectives that explicitly link care with equality. The case of professional caring, where the impact of CSMM has been especially limited, is used to illustrate the micro‐politics of how men manage their identities within the context of feminized caring. Here, men face the precarious task of managing their masculine status while navigating emotional expectations. Caring masculinities studies can be advanced with greater theoretical and empirical attention to (i) the intersection of multiple inequalities; (ii) the affective circles of caring; (iii) the specificity of caring work; (iv) the inequalities of caring; and (v) the ethics of caring practices.
Identification of core genes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease based on mRNA‐miRNA network
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Hang , Wang Hai , Wang Dong‐Mei , Zhao Xiu‐Yun , Liu Wen‐Wen , Zhong Xin , He Dong‐Mei , Mu Ben‐Rong , Lu Mei‐Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive impairment and abnormal mental behaviour. There is currently no effective cure. The development of early diagnostic markers and the mining of potential therapeutic targets are one of the important strategies. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets related to AD in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two brain regions highly related to AD. Differentially expressed genes and miRNAs between AD patients and healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The mRNA‐miRNA network was constructed and key genes involved in AD were screened out by protein–protein interaction analysis, and were subsequently verified by independent datasets and qPCR in an AD mouse model. Our findings showed that six hub genes including CALN1, TRPM7, ATR, SOCS3, MOB3A and OGDH were believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Western blot analysis further determined that CALN1, ATR and OGDH were the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. In addition, 6 possible miRNAs biomarkers have also been verified by qPCR on AD animal models. Our findings may benefit clinical diagnosis and early prevention of AD.