bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Agricultural Extension Service and Non-Whites in California, 1910–1932
Authors: FIRKUS ANGELA 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Congress created the Agricultural Extension Service (AES) in 1914 to disseminate agricultural research to individual farmers but the service operated differently in each state. In California, AES aided agribusiness in its efforts to create a "harmonious hierarchy" that included a non-white laboring class. Records show that AES personnel contributed by helping to separate Native Americans from their land and water resources, prevent competition from immigrants from Asia, and Americanize non-whites.
Automated segmentation of endometriosis using transfer learning technique
Authors: Visalaxi S. , Sudalaimuthu T. 
Published: March 2022

Background: This paper focuses on segmenting the exact location of endometriosis using the state-of-art technique known as U-Net. Endometriosis is a progressive disorder that has a significant impact on women. The lesion-like appearance that grows inside the uterus and sheds for every periodical cycle is known as endometriosis. If the lesion exists and is transferred to other locations in the women’s reproductive system, it may lead to a serious problem. Besides radiologists deep learning techniques exist for recognizing the presence and aggravation of endometriosis. Methods: The proposed method known as structural similarity analysis of endometriosis (SSAE) identifies the similarity between pathologically identified and annotated images obtained from standardized dataset known as GLENDA v1.5 by implementing two systematic approaches. The first approach is based on semantic segmentation and the second approach uses statistical analysis. Semantic segmentation is a cutting-edge technology for identifying exact locations by performing pixel-level classification. In semantic segmentation, U-Net is a transfer-learning architecture that works effectively for biomedical image classification. The SSAE implements the U-Net architecture for segmenting endometriosis based on the region of occurrence. The second approach proves the similarity between pathologically identified images and the corresponding annotated images using a statistical evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using calculation of both the mean and standard deviation of all four regions by implementing systematic sampling procedure. Results: The SSAE obtains the intersection over union value of 0.72 and the F1 score of 0.74 for the trained dataset. The means of both the laparoscopic and annotated images for all regions were similar. Consequently, the SSAE facilitated the presence of abnormalities in a specific region. Conclusions: The proposed SSAE approach identifies the affected region using U-Net architecture and systematic sampling procedure.
The knowledge, attitude and practice level of dental auxiliaries regarding oral health care for pregnant patients in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alibrahim Daneah , El. Mahalli Azza 
Published: March 2022

Background:The purpose of this research was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental auxiliaries related to oral health care for pregnant patientsin the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey was conducted. The knowledge, attitude, and practice were rated using the Likert scale out of 5. Knowledge and practice were categorized using bloom’s cut off point methods (80% and above isgood, and less than 80% is bad).Concerningattitude, (80% and above is positive, and less than 80% is negative) The questionnaires were sent to all dental hygienists and assistants (N=358), and responses were collected from 218. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was utilised to conduct statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 358, 218 responded (response rate = 61%). More than half of the respondents showed relatively good knowledge (57.3%). Most respondents had a positive attitude (89.4%). Regarding practice, approximately two-thirds had a good practice (67.4%). The knowledge score of hygienists was significantly higher than dental assistants, and respondents with experience in treating pregnant patients had significantly higher knowledge scores than others who did not have experience in treating pregnant patients. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between practice scores and education. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to establish continuous education programs and for dental hygienists and dental assistants to adopt the best practice guidelines on perinatal oral health.
Community intervention programmes with people affected by leprosy: Listening to the voice of professionals
Authors: Martos-Casado Gema , Vives-Cases Carmen , Gil-González Diana 
Published: March 2022

Background
Community participation and implementing interventions based on the community are key strategies to eliminate leprosy. Health professionals have an essential role as they are a necessary source of information because of their knowledge and experience, as well as their comprehensive perspective of contexts included in the programmes. This study has the aim of analysing the perceptions on the development of programmes with people affected by leprosy from the perspective of professionals that work at different organisations in endemic contexts.

Methodology
A qualitative study was carried out with the written response to an open question questionnaire which was sent by email. The script content was related to positive aspects and difficulties in daily work, participation from the community in activities, contribution to gender equality and programme sustainability. 27 health professionals were interviewed, 14 women and 13 men, all of which belonged to 16 organisations in India and Brazil. Once the content of the interviews was analysed, two main topics emerged: barriers perceived by professionals and proposals to improve the sustainability of the programmes.

Principal finding
Professionals identify barriers related to social stigma, inequalities, gender inequalities, difficulty managing the disease, limited services, lack of resources and lack of community participation. Furthermore, some necessary recommendations were taken into account to improve programme development related to: Eliminating stigma, reaching gender equality, developing adequate and effective services, guaranteeing adequate and quality resources and achieving compassion among professionals.

Conclusions
Although introducing community programmes with people affected by leprosy has a long history in countries such as India and Brazil, there are still several barriers that can hinder their development. Based on the specific needs of the contexts, recommendations are suggested that, with the involvement of all parties and with sensitive approaches towards human rights and gender, they could help to guarantee universal health coverage and the sustainability of said programmes.
Employment Protection Legislation and Labour Market Outcomes: A Unit Level Analysis of the Indian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Sofi Irfan Ahmad , Mehrotra Santosh , Reshi Adil Hussain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Building on insights from the insider-outsider theory, we examine the effects of the Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) on labour market outcomes, using high-court verdicts on labour disputes invoking Chapter 5-A and 5-B of the Industrial Disputes Act. Our regression analysis of a statewise unit-level dataset suggests that pro-worker judicial verdicts lead to an increase in wages and labour productivity especially in labour intensive industries, but discourage employment. The study demonstrates how the insider-outsider model combined with the labour market segmentation theory, unlike labour adjustment models, explain such findings consistently. The results suggest that loosening the EPL regime will have implications on the balance between the quantity and the quality of jobs, with serious consequences on industrial performance.
Von Tür zu Tür im Pandemie-Modus
Authors: Falkenberg Jonathan , Wilkesmann Maximiliane , Berns Hendrik 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag thematisiert die pandemiebedingten Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit in der Paketzustellung. Diese war von zwei Entwicklungen geprägt: Zum einen resultierte die zeitweise Schließung von Ladengeschäften in einer stark ansteigenden Nachfrage des Online-Handels, was für die Beschäftigten in der Paketzustellung zu einer Intensivierung und Zunahme der zu bewältigenden Arbeitsmenge führte. Zum anderen musste der Zustellprozess möglichst kontaktlos erfolgen. Die sich hieraus ergebenden Folgen und Spannungen für Arbeit, Organisation und Mitbestimmung werden mit einem vertiefenden Fallstudienansatz empirisch untersucht. Grundlage bilden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit dem Management und Interessenvertreter*innen, die von Herbst 2020 bis Frühjahr 2021 erhoben wurden. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Maßgabe der Kontaktreduktion intern mit Hilfe einer räumlichen und zeitlichen Trennung der Arbeitsvorbereitung umgesetzt wurde. Diese führten gleichermaßen zu Entlastung (z.B. äußerst geringes Infektionsgeschehen im Betrieb) und Belastung, weil sie den Beschäftigten eine hohe Flexibilitäts- und Kompromissbereitschaft abverlangten. Die Zusteller*innen bewältigten die hohe Arbeitslast durch die kontaktlose Übergabe der Pakete und unter Einsatz ihrer subjektiven Ressourcen. Neues Personal konnte aus anderen krisengebeutelten Branchen abgeworben werden. Für den Betriebsrat entpuppte sich der Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie als eine arbeitspolitische Schrecksekunde, in der er das Management zunächst gewähren ließ.
Entgrenzte Flexibilität im Homeoffice
Authors: Carstensen Tanja , Krause Christoph , Matuschek Ingo , Kleemann Frank , Mierich Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Situation von Beschäftigten und Mitbestimmungsgremien im Homeoffice jenseits und in der Corona-Krise. Adressiert wird die Frage, inwiefern das Ausweichen ins Homeoffice als gesteigerte Qualität einer ohnehin flexibilisierten betrieblichen Arbeit zu deuten ist und welche Folgen damit einhergehen. Die Analyse basiert auf 47 Interviews, die seit Januar 2020 im Rahmen von zehn Betriebsfallstudien in den Bereichen Chemie/Pharmazeutik, Metall/Elektro, Nahrungsmittelindustrie und Dienstleistungen erhoben wurden. Die empirischen Befunde verweisen dabei insbesondere auf Herausforderungen in drei Bereichen: alltägliche Arbeitspraxis und Kollegialität, Geschlechterarrangements und Arbeit der betrieblichen Interessenvertretung. Zunächst skizziert der Beitrag die bisherige betriebliche Regelungspraxis orts- und zeitflexibler Arbeit; im Weiteren werden die empirischen Erkenntnisse zu den drei genannten Themenbereichen vorgestellt. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag die neue Qualität des Arbeitens als „entgrenzte Flexibilität“.
Checking the possibility of determining the relative orbits of stars rotating around the center body of the Galaxy
Authors: Shakht Natalia A. , Izmailov Igor S. , Gorshanov Denis L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The results of observations of selected stars orbiting the central body of our Galaxy, which, according to the latest data, has a mass of about 4 million of solar mass, are considered. Using the methods of observation and processing of binary stars used at the Pulkovo Observatory and the published exact relative positions of the star-central body obtained with the Keck and VLT telescopes, we checked the possibility of determining the preliminary orbits of the above objects in some cases from observations covering sufficient short arc in relation to the turnover period. Examples are the stars S02 and S102 with published positions and the graphical data for S27 and S4711. We attempted to calculate the assumed relativistic effects in accordance with the orbital elements obtained by Pulkovo methods. In this case, the estimates of the O–C errors for these orbits turned out to be comparable with the O–C errors for the orbits published by the Keck and VLT observers, in some cases about several milliarcseconds. The theoretical relativistic parameters also turned out to be of the same order of value with the results of these authors.
Dynamics of magnetic flux tubes in accretion disks of Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Khaibrakhmanov Sergey A. , Dudorov Alexander E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of magnetic flux tubes (MFTs) in the accretion disk of typical Herbig Ae/Be star (HAeBeS) with fossil large-scale magnetic field is modeled taking into account the buoyant and drag forces, radiative heat exchange with the surrounding gas, and the magnetic field of the disk. The structure of the disk is simulated using our magnetohydrodynamic model, taking into account the heating of the surface layers of the disk with the stellar radiation. The simulations show that MFTs periodically rise from the innermost region of the disk with speeds up to 10–12 km

s

−
1

{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}

. MFTs experience decaying magnetic oscillations under the action of the external magnetic field near the disk’s surface. The oscillation period increases with distance from the star and initial plasma beta of the MFT, ranging from several hours at

r
=
0.012

au

r=0.012\hspace{0.33em}{\rm{au}}

up to several months at

r
=
1

au

r=1\hspace{0.33em}{\rm{au}}

. The oscillations are characterized by pulsations of the MFT’s characteristics including its temperature. We argue that the oscillations can produce observed IR-variability of HAeBeSs, which would be more intense than in the case of T Tauri stars, since the disks of HAeBeSs are hotter, denser, and have stronger magnetic field.
Green synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles usingNigella sativaseed extract
Authors: Al-Karagoly Hassan , Rhyaf Atiaf , Naji Hala , Albukhaty Salim , AlMalki Faizah A. , Alyamani Amal A. , Albaqami Jawaher , Aloufi Salman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGreen synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a more sustainable, safe, and environmentally friendly method. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis procedure of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using the seed extract ofNigella sativa(N. sativa) as a strong reducing agent and to estimate their cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. The obtained IONPs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized IONPs was demonstrated by the MTT on a Vero cell line. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the fabricated biosynthesis metal oxide NPs was tested onEscherichia coli(E. coli) (ATCC 35218) andStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) (ATCC 29213) bacterial strains using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. This study showed the formation of a well-dispersed, highly stable (ZPζ= −51.8 mV) IO NPs with an average diameter of about 31.45 nm. Moreover, the biosynthetic NPs (IONPs) exhibited a significantly noncytotoxic effect when analyzed by the MTT assay. The biosynthetic NPs (NS-IONPs) exhibited excellent antibacterial activity againstE. coliandS. aureus, where the inhibition zones were 12.34 ± 0.58 and 11.52 ± 0.58, respectively.
Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
Authors: Yuan Feng , He Liudang , Yao Zhengbin , Long Yong , Xu Shugen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSplenic artery aneurysm (SAA) is a rare condition; however, it is one of the most common intra-abdominal aneurysm. In the emergency department (ED), due to an uncommon cause of shock and syncope in SAA, it poses great diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. Here we reported a case of spontaneous rupturing of SAA. A 47-year-old man presented to the ED for syncope and shock. As he had unstable hemodynamic, we gave him fluid resuscitation and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), free intraperitoneal fluid was identified on ultrasound, then hemorrhagic ascites was identified by a diagnostic abdominal paracentesis. The rare but life-threatening diagnosis of spontaneous rupturing of SAA was confirmed by contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography and surgery. Spontaneous SAA rupturing is a rare fatal condition which needs immediate diagnosis and management to achieve a favorable outcome. Though there are no risk factors, emergency physicians should consider SAA in the differential diagnosis of sudden collapse. Also, as an emergency physician, it is very important to be a master of first aid skills such as POCUS and treat patients according to the process.
TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Wu Tingting , Shi Zongjie , Chen Bo , Geng Yu , Pan Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite mechanical thrombectomy, the prognosis for many patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke (ACIS) remains poor. This retrospective study reports consecutive mechanical thrombectomy procedures for ACIS at our hospital over 4 years. Hemodynamics were explored using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. The functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. A total of 121 eligible cases were included: 61 (50.4%) exhibited good outcomes (modified Rankin scale score ≤2) by day 90. The logistic regression analysis showed that ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (iMCA) systolic blood flow (SBF) (OR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.969–0.997, P = 0.014), preoperative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)score (OR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.067–1.261, P < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage after therapy (OR = 19.514, 95% CI: 4.364–87.265, P < 0.001), and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.416–0.981, P = 0.040) were independently associated with prognosis. The iMCA SBF and preoperative NIHSS score were significantly predictive of a good outcome in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. In conclusion, elevated iMCA SBF might be a prognostic indicator of a good 90-day outcome following endovascular treatment in ACIS patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, but large prospective studies are mandatory to validate the findings of our study.
Pressure-exerted steady laminar flow of an incompressible fluid along a porous parallel-walled channel with an impermeable wall
Authors: Gazambeti Yvon , Ngo Nyobe Elisabeth , Lamara Maurice , Pemha Elkana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the pressure-exerted steady laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid along a parallel-walled horizontal channel with a porous upper wall and an impermeable lower wall. The fluid is sucked or blown through the porous wall, at constant and uniform velocity, orthogonally to the wall. At the same time, an external pressure gradient constant in time is applied between the two ends of the channel. The aim of this work is to determine and analyze the effects of the external pressure gradient on the flow, the suction/blowing velocity being kept constant. The two-dimensional configuration of the flow with zero-divergence velocity field allows the existence of the stream function given by a single nonlinear partial differential equation which replaces the Navier–Stokes equations and is called the vorticity equation. This latter equation is demonstrated by applying an unusual approach which uses the vector momentum equation in its general form. From the similarity-solutions assumption, it is shown that the vorticity equation leads to a two-point boundary value problem whose solutions are computed by means of a numerical shooting technique including the Newton–Raphson optimization algorithm. Physical understandings of the flow under consideration are derived from the results obtained.
Blood Flow Restriction Training for Individuals With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Dalton Benjamin , McDougle Jacob , Alesi Michaela , Pereira Daniel , Feito Yuri 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Research suggests that healthy eating and exercise decrease the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA) with age. Despite this, OA is a prevalent chronic condition that typically causes joint pain at rest and during exercise, making it difficult to develop effective training programs. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown to be a beneficial alternative to traditional resistance training to improve muscle function. In this article, we provide a rationale as to how BFR may be a beneficial resistance training alternative that would allow individuals with osteoarthritis to experience similar improvements in muscle function compared with traditional resistance training using lower relative intensities.
Działalność Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w okresie pandemii (marzec 2020 – czerwiec 2021 r.)
Authors: Kowalewska Urszula 
Published: March 2022

Pandemia COVID-19 zdezorganizowała działalność bibliotek. Stanęły one przed wyborem dotyczącym tego, które usługi mogą bezpiecznie oferować użytkownikom, aby zapewnić im stały dostęp do potrzebnych informacji. Artykuł przedstawia funkcjonowanie Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (BUŁ) w czasie trwania pandemii. Prezentuje zastosowane rozwiązania i usługi dostosowane do sytuacji epidemiologicznej, pozwalające czytelnikom na satysfakcjonujące i bezpieczne korzystanie z zasobów Biblioteki UŁ.
„Precypitacja”, doświadczenie ekstremalne, zwrotnica i zasób: choroba z perspektywy biograficznej
Authors: Fiternicka-Gorzko Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

Artykuł jest prezentacją wyników badania empirycznego poświęconego rekonstrukcji sposobów włączania w całość jednostkowej biografii doświadczeń związanych z chorobami przez osoby niedefiniujące się zasadniczo jako chore. Źródłem danych były wywiady zebrane w ramach badania oral history wśród mieszkańców województwa zachodniopomorskiego poddane analizie wtórnej.
Indukcyjnie wygenerowane kategorie „zwyczajnej dolegliwości”, „precypitacji”, „doświadczenia ekstremalnego” i odmian „wstrząsającego przeżycia” odsłaniają kompleksy znaczeń wiązane z chorobą. Kategoria „zwrotnicy” ukazuje postrzeganie wpływu choroby na losy życiowe, natomiast kategoria „zasobu” uwikłanie choroby w ludzkie działania (tego, co ludzie robią z chorobą).
Pruning residuals: their role in the micronutrient budget of Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
Authors: BARLAS Neriman Tuba 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) amounts removed with pruning residuals in Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) grafted on bitter orange.
Material and Methods: In order to meet the above objective , at the end of two production seasons (2015 and 2016), measurements and analyses were carried out by collecting pruning residual samples from 50 groves located in the province of İzmir and Aydın (Turkey).
Results: While the biomass value varied between 2.90 and 4.90 kg/tree in the 1st year, it varied in the range of 3.00-5.00 kg/tree in the 2nd year. The concentration (mg kg-1) values for the first year were as Fe: 44-115, Cu: 11-32, Mn: 33-75, Zn: 17-26, while these for the second year were Fe: 48-101, Cu: 16-38, Mn: 40-88 and Zn: 20-30. The yield value was 64-102 kg/tree for the 1st year and 65-94 kg/tree for the 2nd year.
Conclusion: The mean values of the microelement amounts removed with pruning residuals may be listed as Fe > Mn > Zn = Cu for both years. The micronutrient amount removed with pruning residuals (g/tree) was found to be Fe: 0.15-0.41, Cu: 0.04-0.13, Mn: 0.12-0.3 and Zn: 0.05-0.13 for the 1st year and Fe: 0.16-0.44, Cu: 0.06-0.16, Mn: 0.15-0.36 and Zn: 0.07-0.13 for the 2nd year. It is suggested that these amounts should be included in plant fertilization programs.