bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of artificial urinary sphincter implantation for urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in children
Authors: Paret Fanny , Leclair Marc‐David , Karam Georges , Rigaud Jérôme , Baron Maximilien , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report long‐term results of artificial urinary sphincter implantation for urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in children.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective monocentric study included all patients who underwent artificial urinary sphincter (AMS 800) implantation before 18 years of age between 1986 and October 2018 for intrinsic sphincter deficiency. The primary outcome was the continence rate at the last follow‐up, defined by the daily use of 0 pads.The secondary outcome was the overall survival of the device, defined as the absence of any repeated surgery (revision or explantation) during follow‐up.Reoperation‐free, revision‐free, and explantation‐free device survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThirty‐six patients with a median age of 12 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 10–14) were included (15 females, 21 males). The median follow‐up was 18.7 years (IQR: 9–26). The main underlying condition was spinal dysraphism (n = 24; 67%).The median time to the first reoperation was 9 years (IQR: 3.75–14.7). At the last follow‐up, survival rates without revision were 84%, 71%, 55%, and 33% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Survival rates without explantation were 91%, 84%, 80%, and 72% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively.At the last follow‐up, 29 patients had a functional device. The overall continence rate was 88%. All patients who had their device still in place were continent at the last follow‐up.ConclusionThe artificial urinary sphincter is an effective long‐term treatment for urinary incontinence related to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in children, providing a high rate of continence, even if associated with a high rate of reoperation.
Perception and willingness of private secondary school students in forestry education and career: A case study from Nigeria
Authors: Oluwajuwon Tomiwa V. , Mewase Ademola O. , Olasuyi Kehinde E. , Adetula Olaoluwa I. , Adekunle Victor A. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the critical issues confronting forest sustainability is inadequate education about the need and actions to sustain these vital ecosystems. Notwithstanding, forestry education attracts low levels of interest and enrollment in Nigeria and globally. Unlike in public secondary schools, information on the perception and willingness toward forestry education and career among private school students is limited. Therefore, our study assessed the (un)willingness and perception toward forestry education and career through a survey of 160 students across eight private secondary schools in Akure metropolis, Nigeria. Descriptive and chi‐square statistics were used to analyze the responses. We found a relatively low interest and willingness in forestry education among the students (20%), despite their positive perceptions toward the profession's lucrativeness (73%), their relevant prior knowledge learnt through school's agriculture subject (88%), and their previous tree planting engagement (55%). None of the students’ demographics had significantly influenced their professional interest and choice besides having family relation(s) in forestry (χ2 = 5.731,p = .017). Likewise, only the availability of scholarships, accessible post‐study forestry jobs, and adequate integration of forestry into secondary school education could have significantly attracted the students to pursue forestry education or a career. Therefore, improving these key areas is recommended while also creating public awareness to facilitate more positive perceptions about the profession.
A stabilizer free weak Galerkin finite element method for second‐order Sobolev equation
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Deka Bhupen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we consider a stabilizer free weak Galerkin (SFWG) finite element method to solve a second‐order Sobolev equation. The SFWG method has various assets, including the support for higher order of accuracy and fewer coefficients. We have analyzed error estimates for both semidiscrete and fully discrete schemes using a non‐standard projection operator. The convergence rate of numerical error estimates of in norm and in norm are obtained, which are two order higher than the optimal order associated with WG finite element space At last, several numerical examples are reported to validate the supercloseness property and efficiency of the proposed SFWG method. These experiments confirm the accuracy of the theoretical findings.
Characterizing emotion profiles in non‐clinical population: A cluster analytical study
Authors: Wen Bao‐fang , Hu Hui‐xin , Zhang Yi‐jing , Wang Ling‐ling , Yang Han‐xue , Wang Yi , Wang Yanyu , Lui Simon S. Y. , Sun Hongwei , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmotion processing and beliefs about pleasure can influence the development and severity of depressive symptoms. This cluster analysis study aimed to profile a large sample of college students using pleasure experience, emotion expression and regulation as well as beliefs about pleasure. We also aimed to validate the resultant clusters in terms of depressive symptoms. A set of checklists capturing beliefs about pleasure and the three facets of emotion processing was administered to 1028 college students. A two‐stage cluster analysis was used to analyze the profile of these emotional aspects in these college students. Our results showed that a three‐cluster solution best fit the data. Cluster 1 (n = 536) was characterized by moderate levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation; Cluster 2 (n = 402) was characterized by generally high levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation; Cluster 3 (n = 90) was characterized by relatively low levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation. The three clusters differed significantly in the severity of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest the existence of three emotional subtypes, which may be useful in early detection of youth at risk of developing depression.
Relationship between professional identity, career satisfaction, value of competence and growth, and job burnout: A cross‐sectional study of primary and secondary school teachers in China
Authors: Xu Luyun , Li Xinwei , Sun Changkang , Sun Binghai , Li Weijian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTeachers' job burnout is becoming increasingly common in China. Based on the Job Demands–Resources model and Social identity theory, this study aimed to assess the influence of professional identity on primary and secondary school teachers' job burnout, mediating effect of career satisfaction, and moderating role of the value of competence and growth in these relationships. The cross‐sectional design was conducted in this study with a total of 1362 teachers. The investigation materials included the Chinese versions of the teachers' professional identity scale, career satisfaction scale, value and experience scale, and professional quality of life scale. The results indicated that career satisfaction mediated the relationship between teachers' professional identity and job burnout. When the scores for competencies and growth were high, teachers' professional identity exhibited the greatest predictive effect on burnout through career satisfaction. These findings have implications for preventing burnout among teachers.
A shift towards succinate‐producing Prevotella in the ruminal microbiome challenged with monensin
Authors: Trautmann Andrej , Schleicher Lena , Koch Ariane , Günther Johannes , Steuber Julia , Seifert Jana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe time‐resolved impact of monensin on the active rumen microbiome was studied in a rumen‐simulating technique (Rusitec) with metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches. Monensin treatment caused a decreased fibre degradation potential that was observed by the reduced abundance of proteins assigned to fibrolytic bacteria and glycoside hydrolases, sugar transporters and carbohydrate metabolism. Decreased proteolytic activities resulted in reduced amounts of ammonium as well as branched‐chain fatty acids. The family Prevotellaceae exhibited increased resilience in the presence of monensin, with a switch of the metabolism from acetate to succinate production. Prevotella species harbour a membrane‐bound electron transfer complex, which drives the reduction of fumarate to succinate, which is the substrate for propionate production in the rumen habitat. Besides the increased succinate production, a concomitant depletion of methane concentration was observed upon monensin exposure. Our study demonstrates that Prevotella sp. shifts its metabolism successfully in response to monensin exposure and Prevotellaceae represents the key bacterial family stabilizing the rumen microbiota during exposure to monensin.
Psychological distress and bowel cancer screening participation
Authors: Anderson Laura E. , Ireland Michael J. , Myers Larry , Avenell Claire , Connaughton Tanaya , Goodwin Belinda C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand barriers to participation in mail‐out bowel cancer screening programs, two survey studies tested the relationship between psychological distress and self‐reported bowel cancer screening.MethodsFirst, a nationally representative sample of Australians N = 5421 completed measures of bowel cancer screening and psychological distress (using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; K10). Second, N = 479 completed a survey measuring participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) and psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. In both studies, logistic regressions were conducted to test relationships between psychological distress and self‐reported screening participation.ResultsStudy one found that psychological distress had a significant quadratic effect on having ever screened for bowel cancer, where screening rates were similar for those with low, moderate, or high levels of distress, but were lower for those with very high levels of distress. In study two, depression scores had a negative linear relationship with NBCSP participation (higher depression levels were associated with lower screening participation), and anxiety had a quadratic effect whereby NBCSP participation rates were higher with increasing levels of anxiety except in the severe category, where participation was significantly lower.ConclusionsFindings indicate that psychological distress has a complex relationship with screening, and those with extreme levels of distress consistently show lower participation rates. Special efforts to encourage screening may be required for those experiencing extreme psychological distress and mental health disorders.
The influence of different kVs and phantoms on computed tomography number to relative electron density calibration curve for radiotherapy dose calculation
Authors: Jaafar Ahmed Mousa , Elsayed Hussein , Khalil Magdy M. , Yaseen Mohamed Nabil , Alshewered Ahmed , Ammar Hany 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was carried out to analyze the effect of varying kilovoltage peak (kVp) on Hounsfield unit (HU) for various tissue substitutes in two different phantoms and their dosimetric impact on dose calculation in Monaco treatment planning system version 5.11.02.MethodsHU for different density materials was obtained from computed tomography images of the phantoms acquired at various kVps (80, 100, and 120). Two different phantoms (CatPhan 503 and CIRS 062 M) were used to construct their suitability for computed tomography. Both scan phantoms were used to perform 30 volumetric modulated arc therapy plans.ResultsNo significant variation in the CatPhan phantom was observed for HU of different density materials with various kVp. In contrast, a direct relationship between kVp and HU was observed in the case of CIRS phantom, as increases in the kVp resulted in a corresponding decrease in HU. The maximum HU deviation was found in breast tissue. HU is inversely proportional to the kVp for tissues. There was a difference of ≥22% in HU values between the highest densities in CatPhan and CIRS phantoms.ConclusionCIRS 062 M was found more convenient for calibration than CatPhan 503, especially for high‐density material.
A rare case of pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma with liver metastases treated effectively with stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Hlaing Swe Swe , Lanciano Rachelle , Ugwuebulem Emeka , Arker Soe Htet , Sarvottam Kumar , Shore Stephen , Feng Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) is an extremely rare neoplasm. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) usually occurs in the salivary glands of the head and neck. Given its rare occurrence, there are no established guidelines for the treatment of progressive and/or relapsed disease. We herein report a case of a 57‐year‐old female who was incidentally found to have biopsy confirmed PACC following trauma diagnostic workup. She underwent pneumonectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy with an initial good response. On follow‐up a year later, she was noted to have two metastatic liver lesions treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and lenvatinib. This case report adds to the growing area of research on PACC, especially among patients requiring SBRT for oligometastatic disease.
Characterization of Italian Plasmopara viticola populations for resistance to oxathiapiprolin
Authors: Massi Federico , Torriani Stefano FF , Waldner‐Zulauf Maya , Bianco Piero A , Coatti Mauro , Borsa Paolo , Borghi Lorenzo , Toffolatti Silvia L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxathiapiprolin is a novel fungicide and the first of the piperidinyl‐thiazole‐isoxazoline class to be discovered. This fungicide has been reported to have high activity against Plasmopara viticola, the grapevine downy mildew agent, and other plant‐pathogenic oomycetes. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of Italian P. viticola populations towards oxathiapiprolin was established on 29 samples collected in 10 different viticultural areas. Two insensitive strains were characterized for their mechanism of resistance.ResultsOxathiapiprolin exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against 27 of the 29 populations tested, with EC50 values ranging from a minimum of under 4 × 10−5 mg L−1 to over 4 × 10−1 mg L−1, with an average value of 3.2 × 10−2 mg L−1. Two stable suspected oxathiapiprolin‐resistant mutants were isolated from population exhibiting reduced sensitivity, and sequenced for the oxathiapiprolin target gene PvORP1. The comparison with wild‐type isolates revealed that the resistant isolates possessed a heterozygous mutation causing the amino acid substitution N837I, recently reported in the literature.ConclusionThe results obtained indicate a risk for Italian P. viticola populations to develop resistance to oxathiapiprolin in association with the N837I mutation at PvORP1. Anti‐resistance strategies should be carefully implemented and the sensitivity levels to this molecule should be monitored accurately in future to preserve its effectiveness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of sumac supplementation on insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Hajhashemy Zahra , Mirenayat Fateme Sadat , Siavash Mansour , Saneei Parvane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impact of sumac supplementation was not previously examined in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). So, we investigated the influence of sumac supplementation on insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant markers in adults with MetS. The current study was a single‐center, triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover clinical trial that was conducted on 47 patients with MetS. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control in the first phase. They received capsules containing 500 mg sumac or placebo (lactose) twice a day, after lunch and dinner, for 6 weeks. After a 2‐week washout period, the subjects crossed over to the alternate arm. In both arms, fasting venous blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the sixth week of the intervention to determine glycemic status, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and antioxidant enzymes activity. The mean (±SD) age, weight, and body mass index of participants were respectively 58.7 ± 5.83 years, 79.9 ± 14.35 kg, and 31.6 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 80.9% of subjects were females (n = 38). Based on per‐protocol analyses, the serum fasting insulin concentration was unexpectedly decreased in the placebo group (change in sumac vs. control: 0.95 ± 3.9 vs. −1.17 ± 3.9 mU/L; p = 0.04). Sumac supplementation, compared to control, has marginally enhanced catalase activity (change in sumac vs. control: 2.91 ± 9.5 vs. −1.07 ± 9.1 nmol/min/ml; p = 0.06). This supplementation has also increased serum TAC and the activity of superoxide dismutase, but these changes were not significant. This intervention did not affect other insulin resistance, inflammatory, or oxidative stress markers. We found that 1 g/day sumac consumption for 6 weeks, as adjuvant therapy, could improve the antioxidant defense system in adults with MetS but did not affect insulin resistance, inflammation, or oxidative stress.
The effects of flaxseed or its oil supplementations on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Emamat Hadi , Najafpour Boushehri Saeid , Eslami Mohammad Ali , Saneei Totmaj Ali , Ghalandari Hamid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders around the world that can endanger reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health in women. Flaxseed is considered as a functional food which provides remarkable amounts of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), phytosterogenic lignans, and dietary fibers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of flaxseed or its oil supplementation on PCOS patients. We systematically searched all published randomized clinical trials indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from inception up to May 2022. Intended exposure and outcome were flaxseed or its oil and metabolic, anthropometric, and hormonal status of women with PCOS, respectively. Initial search via related keywords revealed 69 articles. After excluding duplicates, title and abstract of 55 remaining papers were screened. Fourteen papers were obtained for full text screening. Finally, nine clinical trials published between 2011 and 2021 were included in qualitative synthesis. Based on the results of the present systematic review, we suggest that flaxseed supplementation has the potential to improve metabolic, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters in women with PCOS. However, we also deduce that due to the scarcity of high‐quality studies, additional studies need to be conducted in order to derive a solid conclusion.
Biodegradable polymers: A review about biodegradation and its implications and applications
Authors: La Fuente Carla Ivonne Arias , Maniglia Bianca Chieregato , Tadini Carmen Cecília 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlastic waste pollution is a global environmental problem that could be solved by biodegradable materials. In addition, its biodegradability has been important for medical applications. In this way, the biodegradability performance has been investigated for different materials under diversified environmental conditions. In this context, this review shows the main up‐to‐date biodegradable polymers (from renewable sources and fossil‐based), their structure and properties, and their biodegradability characteristics. Also, this review shows the effect of polymer properties and environmental conditions on biodegradability, methods of biodegradability and toxicity determination, modification processes to enhance biodegradability, and main applications of biodegradable polymers for agriculture, medical, and packaging. Finally, this review presents a discussion of the implications of biodegradation on the environment, the current context, and future perspectives of plastic biodegradation.
A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney–Phillips staggering
Authors: Bendall Thomas M. , Wood Nigel , Thuburn John , Cotter Colin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Charney–Phillips grid, used in many numerical models of the atmosphere, involves vertically staggering the nodes of the density variable with the nodes of the entropy‐type variable. When moisture is included in such a model, it is either co‐located with density so that moisture can be transported conservatively and consistently with dry mass, or with the entropy‐type variable so that the coupling between moisture and temperature can be represented well. Both properties are desirable, yet at first it appears difficult to obtain both simultaneously. Here, we present a framework to resolve this problem, by co‐locating the moisture mixing ratio with potential temperature but formulating its transport as that of a density on a vertically shifted mesh. Within this framework, particular choices of the operators involved provide the desired conservation and consistency properties of the moisture transport. The framework is described in the context of a finite‐element approach. We also present an explicit Runge–Kutta time‐stepping scheme that is appropriate for use within this framework. This approach is then illustrated through numerical tests, which demonstrate that it does indeed have the desired conservation and consistency properties.
Validating and improving the uncertainty assumptions for the assimilation of ocean‐colour‐derived chlorophyll a into a marine biogeochemistry model of the Northwest European Shelf Seas
Authors: Fowler Alison M. , Skákala Jozef , Ford David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe correct specification of all sources of uncertainty is critical to the success of data assimilation (DA) in improving the realism and accuracy of forecasts and reanalyses. This work focuses on improving the uncertainty assumptions made during the assimilation of ocean‐colour‐derived chlorophyll into an operational marine coupled physical–biogeochemical DA system, which produces daily biogeochemistry forecasts on the Northwest European Shelf Seas. Analysis of the observation–model misfits shows significant biases in chlorophyll , which vary strongly with season. The behaviour of these misfits agrees well with previous studies and can be attributed to systematic errors within the coupled model. Diagnostic metrics, used frequently within numerical weather prediction, are applied to separate out the random component of the observation and model errors, allowing for the derivation of new error covariance matrices. These new error covariance matrices are then modified to account for the biases in the model that cannot be treated explicitly within the operational DA system. This has the effect of inflating both the error variances and the correlation length‐scales. Experiments show that the new error covariances can result in significant improvements in the accuracy of the analysis and forecast. In particular, the new error covariance matrices reduce the bias in the spring phytoplankton bloom present when using the previous error covariances. Validation against independent glider observations in the North Sea also shows reductions in bias in chlorophyll and oxygen that extend below the surface to the depth of the mixed layer. Accounting for the biases in the model in the error correlations can lead to much larger improvements than not accounting for them; however, there are also regions where large degradations are seen that may indicate model instabilities. This may be improved by estimating the bias separately for the different regions on the shelf.