bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central-line–associated bloodstream infections and central-line–associated non-CLABSI complications among pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Kelada Aml S. , Foster Timothy B. , Gagliano Gregory C. , Worley Sarah , Tang Anne , Arakoni Venkatraman A. , Foster Charles B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess central venous catheter (CVC) harm in pediatric oncology patients, we explored risks for central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and central-line–associated non-CLABSI complications (CLANCs).Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Midwestern US pediatric oncology program.Patients:The study cohort comprised 592 pediatric oncology patients seen between 2006 and 2016.Methods:CLABSIs were defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Health Safety Network (NHSN) definitions. CLANCs were classified using a novel definition requiring CVC removal. Patient-level and central-line–level risks were calculated using a negative binomial model to adjust for correlations between total events and line numbers.Results:CVCs were inserted in 62% of patients, with 175,937 total catheter days. The inpatient CLABSI and CLANC rates were 5.8 and 8.5 times higher than outpatient rates. At the patient level, shared risks included acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and age <1 year at diagnosis. At the line level, shared risks included age <1 year at diagnosis, non-mediports, and >1 lumen. AML was a CLABSI-specific risk. CLANC-specific risks included non–brain-tumor diagnosis, younger age at diagnosis or central-line placement, and age <1 year at diagnosis or line placement. Multivariable risks were for CLABSI >1 lumen and for CLANC age <1 year at placement.Conclusions:Among patients with CVCs, CLABSI and CLANC rates were similar, higher among inpatients than outpatients. For both CLABSIs and CLANCs, infants and patients with AML were at higher risk. In both univariate and multivariate models, lines with >1 lumen were associated with CLABSIs and placement during infancy with CLANCs.
The Daintree Blockade
Authors: Wilkie Bill 
Published: April 2022

Radio log 11/8/84
D5 crossing creek under Timbertop’s tree ::: continues to fill the creek crossing ::: If he continues to fill it high enough the D10 should go through. Looks like a moonscape where the dozers are working.
Timbertop’s other alias is Gummy, a well-known rainforest warrior of many campaigns. The radio log gives a live blow-by-blow account of the Daintree Blockade, of police heavy-handedness and council bulldozers destroying the fragile ecosystem. The blockade was started in response to Douglas Shire Council building a road through some of the last tropical lowland rainforest in Australia.
'Tourist Fiction'
Authors: Andy Leonard 
Published: April 2022

My name is Leonard Andy and I’m a Djiru Traditional Owner of the Mission Beach area.
Where I live today and where my Ancestors have lived is not the same place. Today the Mission Beach area has become a tourism destination and it has changed the people, our culture. Presently, there are twelve Traditional Owners living in the area, off these twelve, five are still at school.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOLDEN HORDE IN KAZAKHSTAN: 14C DATING OF JOCHI KHAN MAUSOLEUM
Authors: Panyushkina Irina P , Usmanova Emma R , Uskenbay Kanat Z , Kozha Mukhtar B , Dzhumabekov Dzhambul A , Akhatov Gaziz A , Jull A J Timothy 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe present accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating results of the “Jochi Khan Mausoleum”—the proposed burial place of the oldest son of Gengghis Khan in Ulytau, Kazakhstan. The Ulytau region retains 34 burial complexes of Islamic tradition associated with the Golden Horde history (1221–1438 CE). However, there is no calendar-dated chronology of the medieval mausoleums in this region, which complicates their historical interpretation. Three 14C dates from construction timbers and burial of the Jochi Khan mausoleum are calibrated to 1220–1400 CE interval (95.4% range) with the mid-point at 1245 CE for the coffin, 1330 CE for the entry door, and 1350 CE for a masonry wall. The 14C-calibration suggests that the mausoleum was built about 100 years after the death of Jochi (1225 CE) and renovated at least once in the middle of the 14th century. Apparently, the wood for the coffin was harvested sometime in the interval 1220–1270 CE. The calendar ages of the coffin and the mausoleum are ca. 75 years apart. It is possible that the old coffin was placed into a newly constructed mausoleum. However, there is no historical evidence confirming this important re-burial of Jochi. The dating results challenge the attribution of the mausoleum to Jochi Khan. This study demonstrates that the age of the Islamic mausoleums in Ulytau can be successfully dated with 14C. While requiring further data assembly, this first 14C dataset can form the basis of the calendar chronology of the Golden Horde in Kazakhstan. Historical attribution of the mausoleums must be collaborated with the calendar chronology.
Metabolic adaptation to high-starch diet in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was associated with the restoration of metabolic functions via inflammation, bile acid synthesis and energy metabolism
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhu Yaping , Wu Xiufeng , Gu Xu , Xue Min , Liang Xiaofang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA short-term 2-week (2w) and long-term 8-week (8w) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of low-starch (LS) and high-starch (HS) diets on the growth performance, metabolism and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing two levels of starch (LS, 9·06 %; HS, 13·56 %) were fed to largemouth bass. The results indicated that HS diet had no significant effects on specific growth rate during 2w, whereas significantly lowered specific growth rate at 8w. HS diet significantly increased hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis at postprandial 24 h in 2w. The hepatosomatic index, plasma alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid (TBA) levels, and hepatic glycogen, TAG, total cholesterol, TBA, and NEFA contents were significantly increased in the HS group at 2w. Moreover, HS diet up-regulated fatty acid and TAG synthesis-related genes and down-regulated TAG hydrolysis andβ-oxidation-related genes. Therefore, the glucolipid metabolism disorders resulted in metabolic liver disease induced by HS diet at 2w. However, the up-regulation of bile acid synthesis, inflammation and energy metabolism-related genes in 2w indicated that largemouth bass was still in a state of ‘self-repair’ response. Interestingly, all the metabolic parameters were returned to homoeostasis, with up-regulation of intestinal glucose uptake and transport-related genes, even hepatic histopathological analysis showed no obvious abnormality in the HS group in 8w. In conclusion, HS feed induced short-term acute metabolic disorder, but long-term metabolic adaptation to HS diet was related to repairing metabolism disorders via improving inflammatory responses, bile acid synthesis and energy metabolism. These results strongly indicated that the largemouth bass owned certain adaptability to HS diet.
Cardiac features of Noonan syndrome in Japanese patients
Authors: Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Kuroda Hiroyuki , Ikegawa Takeshi , Kawai Shun , Ono Shin , Kim Ki-Sung , Yanagi Sadamitsu , Kurosawa Kenji , Aoki Yoko , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important problems in long-term follow-up for Noonan syndrome. We examined cardiovascular issues and clinical manifestations, with a focus on the cardiovascular disease and prognosis of patients with Noonan syndrome.Methods:This single-centre study evaluated patients who were clinically and genetically diagnosed with Noonan syndrome.Results:Forty-three patients diagnosed with Noonan syndrome were analysed. The most prevalent responsible mutation was found inPTPN11(25/43). The second and third most prevalent causative genes wereSOS1(6/43) and RIT1 (5/43), respectively, and 67.4% of genetically diagnosed patients with Noonan syndrome had structural cardiovascular abnormalities. Pulmonary valve stenosis was prevalent in patients with mutations inPTPN11(8/25),SOS1(4/6), andRIT1(4/5). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in two of three patients with mutations inRAF1. There was no difference in the cardiovascular events or cardiovascular disease prevalence in patients with or withoutPTPN11mutations. The proportion ofRIT1mutation-positive patients who underwent intervention due to cardiovascular disease was significantly higher than that of patients withPTPN11mutations. Patients who underwent any intervention for pulmonary valve stenosis exhibited significantly higher pulmonary flow velocity than patients who did not undergo intervention, when they visited our hospital for the first time. All patients who underwent intervention for pulmonary valve stenosis had a pulmonary flow velocity of more than 3.0 m/s at first visit.Conclusions:These findings suggest that genetic information can provide a clinical prognosis for cardiovascular disease and may be part of genotype-based follow-up in Noonan syndrome.
First Observations of E‐Region Near Range Echoes Partially Modulated by F‐Region Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by the Same SuperDARN HF Radar
Authors: Hiyadutuje Alicreance , Kosch Michael J. , Stephenson Judy A. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present the first observations from SuperDARN HF radar data of E‐region Near Range Echoes (NREs) whose amplitudes are partially modulated by Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) propagating in the F‐region overhead that have been observed by the same radar in the far ranges. SuperDARN NREs occur normally ∼180–315 km downrange from the radar at ∼95–125 km altitude. Selected observations of TID‐modulated NREs are presented from SANAE and Zhongshan Antarctic SuperDARN radars for both summer and winter seasons as well as geomagnetic active and quiet times. We show that the most likely mechanism is partial modulation of the Gradient Drift Instability (GDI), which is responsible for producing the NREs. GDI is driven by the velocity difference between neutrals and ions and may appear in the E‐region ionosphere wherever suitable plasma density gradients exist. GDI already present in the E‐region can be partially modulated by an MSTID passing overhead in the F‐region via the additional MSTID polarization electric field mapped down in altitude along the equipotential magnetic field lines, thereby partially modulating the NRE amplitudes as observed.
4D‐Var Inversion of European NH3 Emissions Using CrIS NH3 Measurements and GEOS‐Chem Adjoint With Bi‐Directional and Uni‐Directional Flux Schemes
Authors: Cao Hansen , Henze Daven K. , Zhu Liye , Shephard Mark W. , Cady‐Pereira Karen , Dammers Enrico , Sitwell Michael , Heath Nicholas , Lonsdale Chantelle , Bash Jesse O. , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Flechard Christophe , Fauvel Yannick , Kruit Roy Wichink , Feigenspan Stefan , Brümmer Christian , Schrader Frederik , Twigg Marsailidh M. , Leeson Sarah , Tang Yuk S. , Stephens Amy C. M. , Braban Christine , Vincent Keith , Meier Mario , Seitler Eva , Geels Camilla , Ellermann Thomas , Sanocka Agnieszka , Capps Shannon L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe conduct the first 4D‐Var inversion of NH3 accounting for NH3 bi‐directional flux, using CrIS satellite NH3 observations over Europe in 2016. We find posterior NH3 emissions peak more in springtime than prior emissions at continental to national scales, and annually they are generally smaller than the prior emissions over central Europe, but larger over most of the rest of Europe. Annual posterior anthropogenic NH3 emissions for 25 European Union members (EU25) are 25% higher than the prior emissions and very close (<2% difference) to other inventories. Our posterior annual anthropogenic emissions for EU25, the UK, the Netherlands, and Switzerland are generally 10%–20% smaller than when treating NH3 fluxes as uni‐directional emissions, while the monthly regional difference can be up to 34% (Switzerland in July). Compared to monthly mean in‐situ observations, our posterior NH3 emissions from both schemes generally improve the magnitude and seasonality of simulated surface NH3 and bulk NHx wet deposition throughout most of Europe, whereas evaluation against hourly measurements at a background site shows the bi‐directional scheme better captures observed diurnal variability of surface NH3. This contrast highlights the need for accurately simulating diurnal variability of NH3 in assimilation of sun‐synchronous observations and also the potential value of future geostationary satellite observations. Overall, our top‐down ammonia emissions can help to examine the effectiveness of air pollution control policies to facilitate future air pollution management, as well as helping us understand the uncertainty in top‐down NH3 emissions estimates associated with treatment of NH3 surface exchange.
An aptamer agonist of the insulin receptor acts as a positive or negative allosteric modulator, depending on its concentration
Authors: Yunn Na-Oh , Lee Jimin , Lee Hye Sun , Oh Eun Ju , Park Mangeun , Park Seongeun , Jin Seo Yeon , Shin Euisu , Lee Jo woon yi , Kim Youndong , Bae Sun Sik , Ryu Sung Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAptamers are widely used as binders that interact with targets with high affinity or as inhibitors of the function of target molecules. However, they have also been used to modulate target protein function, which they achieve by activating the target or stabilizing its conformation. Here, we report a unique aptamer modulator of the insulin receptor (IR), IR-A62. Alone, IR-A62 acts as a biased agonist that preferentially induces Y1150 monophosphorylation of IR. However, when administered alongside insulin, IR-A62 shows variable binding cooperativity depending on the ligand concentration. At low concentrations, IR-A62 acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist that enhances insulin binding, but at high concentrations, it acts as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) agonist that competes with insulin for IR. Moreover, the concentration of insulin affects the binding of IR-A62 to IR. Finally, the subcutaneous administration of IR-A62 to diabetic mice reduces blood glucose levels with a longer-lasting effect than insulin administration. These findings imply that aptamers can elicit various responses from receptors beyond those of a simple agonist or inhibitor. We expect further studies of IR-A62 to help reveal the mechanism of IR activation and greatly expand the range of therapeutic applications of aptamers.
Nucleus accumbens D1-receptors regulate and focus transitions to reward-seeking action
Authors: Grima Laura L. , Panayi Marios C. , Härmson Oliver , Syed Emilie C. J. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Husain Masud , Walton Mark E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well established that dopamine transmission is integral in mediating the influence of reward expectations on reward-seeking actions. However, the precise causal role of dopamine transmission in moment-to-moment reward-motivated behavioral control remains contentious, particularly in contexts where it is necessary to refrain from responding to achieve a beneficial outcome. To examine this, we manipulated dopamine transmission pharmacologically as rats performed a Go/No-Go task that required them to either make or withhold action to gain either a small or large reward. D1R Stimulation potentiated cue-driven action initiation, including fast impulsive actions on No-Go trials. By contrast, D1R blockade primarily disrupted the successful completion of Go trial sequences. Surprisingly, while after global D1R blockade this was characterized by a general retardation of reward-seeking actions, nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) D1R blockade had no effect on the speed of action initiation or impulsive actions. Instead, fine-grained analyses showed that this manipulation decreased the precision of animals’ goal-directed actions, even though they usually still followed the appropriate response sequence. Strikingly, such “unfocused” responding could also be observed off-drug, particularly when only a small reward was on offer. These findings suggest that the balance of activity at NAcC D1Rs plays a key role in enabling the rapid activation of a focused, reward-seeking state to enable animals to efficiently and accurately achieve their goal.
YAP-dependent Wnt5a induction in hypertrophic adipocytes restrains adiposity
Authors: Lee Gwan-Jun , Kim Youn Ju , Park Bongju , Yim Sujin , Park Chansang , Roh Hyunsoo , Moon Yunwon , Seong Je Kyung , Park Hyunsung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWnt5a, a prototypic non-canonical Wnt, is an inflammatory factor elevated in the sera of obese humans and mice. In the present study, fat-specific knockout of Wnt5a (Wnt5a-FKO) prevented HFD-induced increases in serum Wnt5a levels in male C57BL/6 J mice, which suggested adipocytes are primarily responsible for obesity-induced increases in Wnt5a levels. Mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WATs) more sensitively responded to HFD, in terms of cell size increases and Wnt5a levels than epididymal WATs. Furthermore, adipocyte sizes were positively correlated with Wnt5a levels in vitro and in vivo. In hypertrophic adipocytes, enlarged lipid droplets increased cell stiffness and rearranged the f-actin stress fibers from the cytoplasm to the cortical region. The activities of YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) increased in response to these mechanical changes in hypertrophic adipocytes, and inhibition or knock-down of YAP and TAZ reduced Wnt5a expression. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) analyses revealed that YAP was recruited by Wnt5a-1 gene promoter and increased Wnt5a expression. These results suggested that YAP responds to mechanical stress in hypertrophic adipocytes to induce the expression Wnt5a. When 8-week-old Wnt5a-FKO mice were fed an HFD for 20 weeks, the fat mass increased, especially in subcutaneous WATs, as compared with that observed in floxed mice, without significant changes in food intake or activity. Furthermore, Wnt5a-FKO mice showed impaired glucose tolerance regardless of diet type. Our findings show that hypertrophy/YAP/Wnt5a signaling constitutes a negative-feedback loop that retrains adipose tissue hypertrophy.
α-Clustering in atomic nuclei from first principles with statistical learning and the Hoyle state character
Authors: Otsuka T. , Abe T. , Yoshida T. , Tsunoda Y. , Shimizu N. , Itagaki N. , Utsuno Y. , Vary J. , Maris P. , Ueno H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA long-standing crucial question with atomic nuclei is whether or not α clustering occurs there. An α particle (helium-4 nucleus) comprises two protons and two neutrons, and may be the building block of some nuclei. This is a very beautiful and fascinating idea, and is indeed plausible because the α particle is particularly stable with a large binding energy. However, direct experimental evidence has never been provided. Here, we show whether and how α(-like) objects emerge in atomic nuclei, by means of state-of-the-art quantum many-body simulations formulated from first principles, utilizing supercomputers including K/Fugaku. The obtained physical quantities exhibit agreement with experimental data. The appearance and variation of the α clustering are shown by utilizing density profiles for the nuclei beryllium-8, -10 and carbon-12. With additional insight by statistical learning, an unexpected crossover picture is presented for the Hoyle state, a critical gateway to the birth of life.
No general stability conditions for marine ice-sheet grounding lines in the presence of feedbacks
Authors: Sergienko Olga V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe “marine ice-sheet instability” hypothesis continues to be used to interpret the observed mass loss from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. This hypothesis has been developed for conditions that do not account for feedbacks between ice sheets and environmental conditions. However, snow accumulation and the ice-sheet surface melting depend on the surface temperature, which is a strong function of elevation. Consequently, there is a feedback between precipitation, atmospheric surface temperature and ice-sheet surface elevation. Here, we investigate stability conditions of a marine-based ice sheet in the presence of such a feedback. Our results show that no general stability condition similar to one associated with the “marine ice-sheet instability” hypothesis can be determined. Stability of individual configurations can be established only on a case-by-case basis. These results apply to a wide range of feedbacks between marine ice sheets and atmosphere, ocean and lithosphere.
The formation of Haumea and its family via binary merging
Authors: Proudfoot Benjamin , Ragozzine Darin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDozens of families of asteroids in the asteroid belt have similar orbits and compositions because they formed through a collision. However, the icy debris beyond the orbit of Neptune, called the Kuiper Belt, contains only one known family, the Haumea family. So far, no self-consistent explanation for the formation of the Haumea family can match all geophysical and orbital characteristics of the family without invoking extremely improbable events. Here, we show that the family is adequately explained as the product of a merging binary near the end of Neptune’s orbital migration. The unique orbital signature of a merging binary, which was not found in extensive searches, is effectively erased during the final stages of migration, providing an explanation for all aspects of the Haumea family. By placing the formation of the Haumea family in the broader context of solar system formation, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept model for the formation of Haumea.
Three-dimensional structure determination of protein complexes using matrix-landing mass spectrometry
Authors: Westphall Michael S. , Lee Kenneth W. , Salome Austin Z. , Lodge Jean M. , Grant Timothy , Coon Joshua J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNative mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly used to provide complementary data to electron microscopy (EM) for protein structure characterization. Beyond the ability to provide mass measurements of gas-phase biomolecular ions, MS instruments offer the ability to purify, select, and precisely control the spatial location of these ions. Here we present a modified Orbitrap MS system capable of depositing a native MS ion beam onto EM grids. We further describe the use of a chemical landing matrix that preserves the structural integrity of the deposited particles. With this system we obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction of the 800 kDa protein complex GroEL from gas-phase deposited GroEL ions. These data provide direct evidence that non-covalent protein complexes can indeed retain their condensed-phase structures following ionization and vaporization. Finally, we describe how further developments of this technology could pave the way to an integrated MS-EM technology with promise to provide improved cryo-EM sample preparation over conventional plunge-freezing techniques.