bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people
Authors: Isbell Forest , Balvanera Patricia , Mori Akira S , He Jin‐Sheng , Bullock James M , Regmi Ganga Ram , Seabloom Eric W , Ferrier Simon , Sala Osvaldo E , Guerrero‐Ramírez Nathaly R , Tavella Julia , Larkin Daniel J , Schmid Bernhard , Outhwaite Charlotte L , Pramual Pairot , Borer Elizabeth T , Loreau Michel , Omotoriogun Taiwo Crossby , Obura David O , Anderson Maggie , Portales‐Reyes Cristina , Kirkman Kevin , Vergara Pablo M , Clark Adam Thomas , Komatsu Kimberly J , Petchey Owen L , Weiskopf Sarah R , Williams Laura J , Collins Scott L , Eisenhauer Nico , Trisos Christopher H , Renard Delphine , Wright Alexandra J , Tripathi Poonam , Cowles Jane , Byrnes Jarrett EK , Reich Peter B , Purvis Andy , Sharip Zati , O’Connor Mary I , Kazanski Clare E , Haddad Nick M , Soto Eulogio H , Dee Laura E , Díaz Sandra , Zirbel Chad R , Avolio Meghan L , Wang Shaopeng , Ma Zhiyuan , Liang Jingjing , Farah Hanan C , Johnson Justin Andrew , Miller Brian W , Hautier Yann , Smith Melinda D , Knops Johannes MH , Myers Bonnie JE , Harmáčková Zuzana V , Cortés Jorge , Harfoot Michael BJ , Gonzalez Andrew , Newbold Tim , Oehri Jacqueline , Mazón Marina , Dobbs Cynnamon , Palmer Meredith S 
Published: July 2022

Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of specialists. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem with which they are most familiar. We found several points of overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers of biodiversity loss interact synergistically) and important demographic and geographic differences in specialists’ perspectives and estimates. Experts from groups that are underrepresented in biodiversity science, including women and those from the Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, with less emphasis on acquiring new protected areas, and provided higher estimates of biodiversity loss and its impacts. This may in part be because they disproportionately study the most highly threatened taxa and habitats.Front Ecol Environ2022;
Selection of promising accessions of phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) based on fruit‐related traits
Authors: Mirheidari Farhad , Khadivi Ali , Moradi Younes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhalsa or falsa (Grewia asiatica L., family Malvaceae) is a promising, yet underutilized berry fruit of tropical regions. It contains a rich source of various bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids. In the present study, morphological and pomological diversity of 48 accessions of this species was evaluated to introduce superior selections. Considerable variability was detected among the accessions studied based on the characteristics recorded. Fruit shape exhibited the highest CV (69.66%), while seed length showed the lowest CV (7.98%). Fruit color showed strong diversity, including red, red‐purple, purple‐cream, purple, and dark purple. Fruit weight ranged from 0.29 to1.14 g, and fruit flesh thickness varied from 1.90 to 3.91 mm. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 82.64% of the variability observed was explained by the first 13 components. A dendrogram created using cluster analysis grouped the accessions into two major clusters. Based on the traits related to fruit quality, such as fruit weight, fruit color, fruit flesh color, and fruit taste, 14 accessions, including Talsar‐6, Talsar‐8, Ganjabad‐31, Talsar‐4, Ganjabad‐18, Ganjabad‐24, Talsar‐5, Ganjabad‐25, Ganjabad‐30, Ganjabad‐17, Talsar‐7, Talsar‐3, Talsar‐2, and Talsar‐1, were superior. It is recommended to use the best accessions selected in breeding programs.
Cynara cardunculus as a potential source of milk coagulating protease: Effects on physical properties of cow's milk
Authors: Ghribi Abir Mokni , Gafsi Ines Makhlouf , Blecker Christophe , Attia Hamadi , Bouaziz Mohamed Ali , Besbes Souhail 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present research study, Cynara cardunculus (wild cardoon) flowers were blended and extracted using different types of buffers (phosphate buffer; citrate buffer and distilled water) for different maceration times. The most reliable, quick and efficient buffer was found to be phosphate (pH = 6.5) with a 6‐h maceration time, which was used throughout this study. C. cardunculus extract (CE) was found to have high clotting and proteolytic activities. The extracted enzyme was found to be very stable against a wide range of pH values as well as of temperature. The formation of milk gels prepared in the presence of CE with different types of milk was evaluated using dynamic rheology and Turbiscan. The evolution of both elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli was monitored with time. The values of the whole milk enriched with milk powder gels were higher. Coagulum stability was evaluated using Turbiscan. The textural properties and the curd‐firming rate of coagulum were also determined. In conclusion, the prepared CE could be an efficient milk‐clotting agent in the production of dairy products.
Curcumin: A dietary phytochemical for boosting exercise performance and recovery
Authors: Nosrati‐Oskouie Mohammad , Aghili‐Moghaddam Nazanin Sadat , Tavakoli‐Rouzbehani Omid Mohammad , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Johnston Thomas P. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurcumin, as the main natural compound in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), is a yellowish polyphenol that has been used traditionally in Asian countries as a medicinal herb for various types of disease and pathological conditions caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. In the present review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search for evidence that shows the effect of curcumin on factors influencing exercise performance, including muscle damage, muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative stress. During exercise, reactive oxygen species and inflammation are increased. Thus, if there is no balance between endogenous and exogenous antioxidants and increases in oxidative stress and inflammation, which is important for maintaining redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle, it can lead to muscle soreness and muscle damage and ultimately result in reduced exercise performance. Due to the anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of curcumin, it can increase exercise performance and decrease exercise‐induced muscle soreness and muscle damage. It appears that curcumin supplementation can have positive effects on exercise performance and recovery, muscle damage and pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, there is still a need to precisely evaluate factors to more accurately assess/quantify the beneficial therapeutic effects of curcumin with regard to enhancing exercise performance and recovery.
Gray matter volume differences between early bilinguals and monolinguals: A study of children and adults
Authors: Schug Alison K. , Brignoni‐Pérez Edith , Jamal Nasheed I. , Eden Guinevere F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGray matter has been shown to be greater in early bilingual adults relative to monolingual adults in regions associated with language (Mechelli et al., 2004), and executive control (EC; Olulade et al., 2016). It is not known, however, if language experience‐dependent differences in gray matter volume (GMV) exist in children. Further, any such differences are likely not to be the same as those observed in early bilingual adults, as children have had relatively shorter duration of dual‐language exposure and/or less development of brain regions serving EC. We tested these predictions by comparing GMV in Spanish–English early bilingual and English monolingual children, and Spanish–English early bilingual and English monolingual adults (n = 122). Comparing only children revealed relatively more GMV in the bilinguals in bilateral frontal, right inferior frontal, and right superior parietal cortices (regions associated with EC). Bilinguals, however, had less GMV in left inferior parietal cortex (region associated with language). An ANOVA including these children with bilingual and monolingual adults revealed interactions of Language Background by Age Group. There were no regions of more GMV in bilinguals relative to monolinguals that were less pronounced in children than adults, despite the children's shorter dual‐language experience. There were relative differences between bilingual and monolingual children that were more pronounced than those in adults in left precentral gyrus and right superior parietal lobule (close to, but not directly in areas associated with EC). Together, early bilingual children manifest relative differences in GMV, and, surprisingly, these do not diverge much from those observed in studies of bilingual adults.
Hepatocyte‐derived MASP1‐enriched small extracellular vesicles activate HSCs to promote liver fibrosis
Authors: Liu Xianzhi , Tan Siwei , Liu Huiling , Jiang Jie , Wang Xing , Li Leijia , Wu Bin 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by different etiological agents; dysregulated interactions between hepatocytes and HSCs contribute to this disease. β‐arrestin 1 (ARRB1) plays an important role in liver fibrosis; however, the effect of ARRB1 on the crosstalk between hepatocytes and HSCs in liver fibrosis is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate how ARRB1 modulates hepatocyte and HSC activation during liver fibrosis.

Approach and Results:
Normal and fibrotic human liver and serum samples were obtained. CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis and methionine‐choline deficiency–induced NASH models were constructed. Primary hepatocytes and HSCs were isolated, and human hepatic LO2 and stellate LX2 cells were used. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified, and key proteins were identified. ARRB1 was up‐regulated in hepatocytes and associated with autophagic blockage in liver fibrosis. ARRB1 increased the release of hepatocyte‐derived small EVs by inhibiting multivesicular body lysosomal degradation and activating Rab27A, thereby activating HSCs. Proteomic analyses showed that mannan‐binding lectin serine protease 1 (MASP1) was enriched in hepatocyte‐derived small EVs and activated HSCs via p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) signaling. ARRB1 up‐regulated MASP1 expression in hepatocytes. MASP1 promoted liver fibrosis in mice. Clinically, MASP1 expression was increased in the serum and liver tissue of patients with liver fibrosis.

Conclusions:
ARRB1 up‐regulates the release of hepatocyte‐derived MASP1‐enriched small EVs by regulating the autophagic‐lysosomal/multivesicular body pathway and Rab27A. Hepatocyte‐derived MASP1 activates HSCs to promote liver fibrogenesis through p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling. Thus, MASP1 is a pivotal therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
Comparison between different fracture toughness techniques in zirconia dental ceramics
Authors: Alves Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais , dos Santos Claudinei , Elias Carlos Nelson , Amarante José Eduardo Vasconcellos , Ribeiro Sebastião 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVickers indentation (IF) and single‐edge‐V‐notched beam (SEVNB), to measure the fracture toughness (KIC) of zirconia‐based dental ceramics and mathematical models were proposed to establish a correlation between both. Zirconia (ZrO2) stabilized with 3 mol. % of Y2O3 (3Y‐TZP) and 5 mol% of Y2O3 (5Y‐PSZ) were compacted (n = 42) and sintered for 2 h at different temperatures (1475°C, 1500°C, 1550°C, or 1600°C). After sintering, they were characterized by relative density using the ASTM C373‐88 standard, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average grain size was measured according to the ASTM E1382‐97 standard. The fracture toughness (KIC) was determined using two methods: Vickers indentation fracture toughness (KIC‐IF): method based on mathematical modeling that considers the parameters used for the Vickers hardness test and Fracture toughness by the single‐edge‐V‐notch‐beam (KIC‐SEVNB): method proposed by ISO 23146:08. The main phases of the 3Y‐TZP and 5Y‐PSZ ceramics were ZrO2‐tetragonal and ZrO2‐cubic, respectively. The 3Y‐TZP specimens showed equiaxed grains with average grain sizes ranging from 0.55 to 0.79 μm. The grain sizes of 5Y‐PSZ of specimens sintered at 1475°C and 1600°C were 0.62 and 2.32 μm, respectively. For all ceramics the crack size ratio was c/a < 2.5, suggesting a Palmqvist‐type crack system. The fracture toughness measured by the Vickers indentation method (KIC‐IF) and by the SEVNB method (KIC‐SEVNB) was the same when the experimental data were fit to a mathematical model.
eEF‐2K knockdown synergizes with STS treatment to inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the TG2/ERK pathway in A549 cells
Authors: Wang Bu , Gu Xin , Xiang Bao‐Li , Zhao Jian‐Qing , Zhang Chang‐Hong , Huang Pan‐Deng , Zhang Zhi‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging research has suggested the anticancer potential of tanshinone IIA, the bioactive ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. However, the molecular mechanism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) antilung cancer effect is not very clear. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the roles of STS and elongation factor‐2 kinase (eEF‐2K) in regulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells and explore the implicated pathways. We found that STS suppressed A549 cell survival and proliferation in a time‐ and xdose‐dependent manner. Knockdown of eEF‐2K and treatment with STS synergistically exerted antiproliferative, ‐migratory, and ‐invasive effects on A549 cells. These effects were caused by attenuation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway via inhibition of tissue transglutaminase (TG2). In summary, the inhibition of eEF‐2K synergizes with STS treatment, exerting anticancer effects on lung adenocarcinoma cells through the TG2/ERK signaling pathway, which provides a potential therapeutic target for treating lung adenocarcinoma.
Melatonin counteracts necroptosis and pulmonary edema in cadmium‐induced chronic lung injury through the inhibition of angiotensin II
Authors: Mahalanobish Sushweta , Saha Sukanya , Dutta Sayanta , Ghosh Sumit , Sil Parames C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator in pulmonary physiology. In our study, we identified the efficacy of melatonin to control the RAS in cadmium (Cd) induced chronic lung injury in a mouse model. Swiss albino mice exposed to CdCl2 intraperitoneally (I.P.) (1 mg/kg b.w.; 12 weeks) showed increased release of lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, generating reactive oxygen species, impaired antioxidant enzymes function, and disrupted alveolar structure along with increased expression of Angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II) in lung tissue. Cd‐induced angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2‐Ang‐II axis imbalance triggered the onset of Ang‐II induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) mediated necroptosis by upregulating the signalling molecules RIP‐1, RIP‐3, and p‐mixed lineage kinase domain‐like. In an in vitro study, colocalization of Ang‐II‐RIP‐3 molecule in Cd intoxicated L‐132 cells (human alveolar epithelial cell line), as well as pretreatment of Cd exposed cells with the inhibitor's captopril (10 μM), necrostatin‐1 (50 μM), and etanercept (5 μg/ml) indicated TNF‐α induced necroptotic cell death via activation of the key molecule, Ang‐II. Moreover, Ang‐II disrupted the alveolar‐capillary barrier by decreasing tight junctional proteins (zonula occludens‐1 and occludin) and endothelial VE‐cadherin expression. The use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a model of junctional protein‐expressing cells showed that captopril pretreatment (25 μM) restored VE‐cadherin expression in Cd‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In CdCl2 intoxicated mice, melatonin pretreatment (10 mg/kg b.w.; 12 weeks, I.P.) inhibited inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, interleukin [IL]‐1β, and IL‐6) release and effectively suppressed (Cd‐induced) Ang‐II mediated necroptotic cell death and alveolar‐capillary breaching due to Cd toxicity.
Skin‐to‐skin contact to support preterm infants and reduce NICU‐related stress
Authors: Pavlyshyn Halyna , Sarapuk Iryna , Horishna Ivanna , Slyva Viktoriia , Skubenko Neonila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveHospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with numerous painful medical interventions, being separated from parents, leads to the high risk of chronic stress for preterm infants. Today, many NICUs use more appropriate developmental care and pain management, but the early and long‐term outcomes of stress in these vulnerable infants require searching for more stress‐reducing interventions in neonatal care. The objective of the study was to investigate how skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) can influence the biologic stress levels in preterm infants in the NICU by assessing cortisol and oxytocin levels.Participants and methodsThe study included 71 preterm infants with gestational age less than 34 + 0/7 weeks who were recruited from level III NICU. The overall design was a baseline‐response design. Saliva and urine were collected before (baseline) and after skin‐to‐skin contact to measure salivary cortisol and urinary oxytocin by enzyme immunoassay method.ResultsThe infants' baseline hormonal status was represented by the following indicators: the level of salivary cortisol was 0.402 [0.227; 1,271] μg/dl, urinary oxytocin 48.88 [32.97; 88.11] pg/ml. There was a decrease in salivary cortisol levels to 0.157 [0.088; 0.351] μg/dl compared to baseline (p ˂ 0.001) with a simultaneous increase of the urinary oxytocin level −73.59 [45.18; 108.8] pg/ml (p = 0.028) in response to SSC.ConclusionPreterm infants in the NICU experience significant stress, characterized by hormonal imbalance: an increased level of the stress hormone cortisol and a decreased level of the anti‐stress hormone oxytocin. Skin‐to‐skin contact helps to ameliorate the hormonal stress in preterm infants by activating the oxytocin release with simultaneous reduction of cortisol secretion.
Hypophysial angiogenesis decodes annual time and underlies physiological adaptation to seasonal changes in the environment
Authors: Tortonese Domingo J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdaptation to annual changes in the environment is controlled by hypophysial hormones. In temperate zones, photoperiod is the primary external cue that regulates annual biological cycles and is translated by the pattern of melatonin secretion acting primarily in the hypophysial pars tuberalis. Angiogenic mechanisms within this tissue contribute to decode the melatonin signal through alternative splicing of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) gene in both the pars tuberalis and the capillary loops of the infundibulum. The resulting melatonin‐evoked differential productions of VEGF‐A isoforms will induce seasonal remodeling of the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and hypophysis, and act as paracrine messengers in the pars distalis to generate the required seasonal endocrine response. Specifically, the long melatonin signal in winter upregulates antiangiogenic VEGF‐A isoforms, which will reduce the number of vascular loops and the density of VEGF receptors in endocrine and folliculo‐stellate (FS) cells, inhibit prolactin secretion, and stimulate FSH. In contrast, the short melatonin signal in summer upregulates proangiogenic VEGF‐A isoforms that will increase the number of vascular loops and the density of VEGF receptors in endocrine and FS cells, stimulate prolactin secretion, and suppress FSH. A similar system has been identified in long day seasonal breeders, revealing that this is a conserved mechanism of adaptation across species. Thus, an angiogenesis‐based, intrahypophysial system for annual time measurement controls local microvascular plasticity and conveys the photoperiodic signal readout from the melatonin sensitive pars tuberalis to the endocrine cells of the pars distalis to regulate seasonal adaptation to the environment.
Safety and efficacy of pentazocine–midazolam combination for pain and anxiety relief in radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakano Masanori , Torisu Yuichi , Nakagawa Chika , Ueda Kaoru , Kanai Tomoya , Saeki Chisato , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy is frequently used as first‐line treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RFA is often associated with pain; however, no definitive solution has been established for its relief. We retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of the combination of pentazocine and midazolam to relieve pain experienced by HCC patients undergoing RFA.MethodsWe studied 77 patients with 98 HCCs treated with RFA between January 2015 and August 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: the sedative‐free group, which included those who received pentazocine alone, and the pentazocine–midazolam group, which included those who received a combination of pentazocine and midazolam. The degrees of analgesia and sedation were evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS), respectively. Other parameters such as treatment time, awakening time, midazolam dosage, vital signs, local recurrence rate, and time to recurrence were also examined.ResultsThe median NRS score and RASS score were significantly lower in the pentazocine–midazolam group. Ninety‐five percent of patients in the pentazocine–midazolam group had no memory of the RFA session. The treatment time and awakening time were prolonged for the pentazocine–midazolam group. No significant differences in oxygen saturation, recurrence rates, and time to local recurrence were observed between groups.ConclusionA combination of pentazocine and midazolam is safe and effective for pain and anxiety relief experienced by patients undergoing RFA for local treatment of HCC.