bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective Optimization of Nd:YAG Laser Drilling of optical-grade Acrylic Plate by using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Tsai Ming-Jong , Wu Lung-Fa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study proposes an effective method for optimizing laser drilling processing (LDP) by using grey relational analysis (GRA) for multiple performance characteristic requirements. First, We developed a system using a Quantel Brilliant neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with pulse width of 5–6 ns and an F-theta lens to obtain a focused laser beam with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The developed system was employed to drill holes in a 3-mm-thick optical-grade acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate on a safe window with high optical density and grade of OD 7+ @950 ~ 1085nm. Four major control factors include laser pulse energy, repetition rate, focusing position offset, and drill time. Then, 9 sets of experiments were performed using Taguchi method with orthogonal arrays in L9(34). The experimental results with multiple quality characteristics are measured and used to optimize the control parameters by using Grey relational analysis (GRA) with equal weighting and different weighting factors of four qualities (Roundness, Hillock ratio taper, HAZ and taper). From the experimental results with equal weighting factors, the combination of the laser energy at level 2, focusing position offset at level 3, drill time at level 1, and repetition rate at level 2 can achieve the optimal results. The combination is implemented in Run 6 of the orthogonal arrays of L9(34). It is found that models predicted by the grey correlation analysis (GRA) are in close agreement with the experimental values. Hence, the models may be further used for optimization of process parameters using evolutionary algorithms. From the experimental results, it was found that HAZ has less effect on this experimental method design, and the focusing position offset affects the Taper. When the average laser energy increases, the drill hole and shallow cracks in the Hillock hole will also increase.
Inverse-design of high-dimensional quantum optical circuits in a complex medium
Authors: Goel Suraj , Leedumrongwatthanakun Saroch , Valencia Natalia , McCutcheon Will , Conti Claudio , Pinkse Pepijn , Malik Mehul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Programmable optical circuits form a key part of quantum technologies today, ranging from transceivers for quantum communication to integrated photonic chips for quantum information processing. As the size of such circuits is increased, maintaining precise control over every individual component becomes challenging, leading to a reduction in the quality of the operations performed. In parallel, minor imperfections in circuit fabrication are amplified in this regime, dramatically inhibiting their performance. Here we show how embedding an optical circuit in the higher-dimensional space of a large, ambient mode-mixer using inverse-design techniques allows us to forgo control over
each individual circuit element, while retaining a high degree of programmability over the circuit. Using this approach, we implement high-dimensional linear optical circuits within a complex scattering medium consisting of a commercial multi-mode fibre placed between two controllable phase planes. We employ these circuits to manipulate high-dimensional spatial-mode entanglement in up to seven dimensions, demonstrating their application as fully programmable quantum gates. Furthermore, we show how their programmability allows us to turn the multi-mode fibre itself into a generalised multi-outcome measurement device, allowing us to both transport and certify entanglement within
the transmission channel. Finally, we discuss the scalability of our approach, numerically showing how a high circuit fidelity can be achieved with a low circuit depth by harnessing the resource of a high-dimensional mode-mixer. Our work serves as an alternative yet powerful approach for realising precise control over high-dimensional quantum states of light, with clear applications in next-generation quantum communication and computing technologies.
Prophylactic antibiotics for postcataract surgery endophthalmitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 6.5 million eyes.
Authors: Kato Ai , Horita Nobuyuki , Namkoong Ho , Nomura Eiichi , Masuhara Nami , Kaneko Takeshi , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Takeuchi Masaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To reveal optimal antibiotic prophylactic regimen for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE), we conducted systematic review and network meta-analysis. A total of 47 eligible original articles, including two randomized controlled trials, were identified among 1,281 articles that were extracted from the search. In total, 4,317 POE cases occurred in 6,547,513 eyes (0.066%). Intracameral injection of vancomycin had the best preventive effect (odds ratio [OR] 0.03, 99.6% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.53, corrected P-value = 0.006, P-score = 0.943) followed by intracameral injection of cefazoline (OR 0.09, 99.6% CI 0.02–0.42, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.817), cefuroxime (OR 0.18, 99.6% CI 0.09–0.35, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.660), and moxifloxacin (OR 0.32, 99.6% CI 0.13–0.80, corrected P-value = 0.005, P-score = 0.474). While one randomized controlled trial supported intracameral cefuroxime and moxifloxacin, no randomized controlled trial evaluated vancomycin and cefazoline. Sensitivity analysis focusing on the administration route revealed that only intracameral injection (OR 0.18, 99.4% CI 0.11–0.28, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.726) significantly decreased the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. We recommend intracameral injection of either vancomycin, cefazoline, cefuroxime, or moxifloxacin for the prevention of POE.
Climate Change Runoff Modeling using MIKE 11 in Temperate Himalayan Region, India
Authors: Maryam Munjid , Kumar Rohitashw 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to simulate the rainfall-runoff process under changing climate using MIKE 11 rainfall-runoff model of the river Jhelum flowing through Srinagar city. The model was calibrated for the years 2006-2009 and validated for the year 2010-2013. The maximum discharge during the simulation period was found to be 746.745 m3/s. The MIKE 11 statistical results between observed and simulated discharge for the calibration period showed Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) equal to 0.907, the Coefficient of Determination (R2) equal to 0.954 and Volume Difference (Dv%) equal to 17.8% respectively. For the validation years of 2010-2013, the obtained NSE was 0.963, the R2 obtained was 0.892 and Dv% obtained was 13.2% respectively. The simulated results were used for climate change detection using IPCC’s SRA1B and SRA2 scenario with the increase of 2.8º C temperature. In the SRA1B scenario, the maximum discharge was found to be 856.399 m3/s and in the SRA2 scenario, the maximum discharge was found to be 950.745 m3/s. The climate change detection shows that there is a great difference on carrying capacity and distinct increase in runoff when the temperature rises by 2.8º C and since the drainage capacity of river Jhelum has reduced, therefore, flood threats will increase. This research demonstrates the utility of the established model for runoff prediction in Srinagar, which can be used as an application for basin-scale integrated water resource management and production. Thus, the model can be successfully used for hydrological simulations in temperate catchments for effective water resource planning and management.
Internal benchmarking and investigation to formulate practical innovations in the Moroccan construction industry
Authors: Gartoumi Khalil Idrissi , Aboussaleh Mohamed , Zaki Smail 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The renovation of the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Owner Operators (AECOO) industry is at the forefront of countries' concerns. Despite its important place in national economies, it suffers from several challenges. Faced with this paradox, rethinking inspiration has not attracted many countries like Morocco. Any improvement must be based on a thorough analysis for efficient solutions. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to trigger, investigate, and analyse the state and paradoxical aspects of the Moroccan construction industry (MCI). A triangular approach was conducted, consisting of a literature review, official documents, and a survey of 25 professionals and 15 academics in the sector. The results reveal two main failures, one is managerial and the other technological, and the enumeration of ambitions which are also conditioned by the emergence of technology and new managerial approaches. These findings provide a platform for understanding future interventions, support the literature and suggest avenues of research for neighbouring construction industries, developing countries, and Africa due to similarities with Morocco. Furthermore, it provides recommendations for future studies, especially a new research framework for MCI and other similar countries based on the implementation of Building Information Modelling and Lean Construction.
Impressive clinical factors in success rate for IVF/ICSI treatment: Trusted by Multicenter
Authors: Mehrjerd Ameneh , Rezaei Hassan , Eslami Saeid , Ghaebi Nayyere Khadem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:
Research has shown various influential factors, but a standard for different treatments has not yet been developed. We want to identify principle predictors in IVF/ICSI treatment success rate using a machine learning approach.
Methods:
We selected the well-known filter, embedded and wrapper methods for selecting features and applied them to the random forest model. In the first step, the best reduce dimension method is selected using hesitant fuzzy sets (HFS). Then, the principle predictors are obtained by the proposed hybrid method. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the proposed method using MCC, runtime, Accuracy, and AUC, PPV, recall, and F-Score.
Results:
The proposed hybrid feature selection method has the best performance with obtaining the highest ACC (0.795), AUC (0.72), and F-Score (0.8) and lowest number of features (n = 7). Finally, the features selected are included FSH, 16Cells, FAge, Oocytes, GIII, Compact, and Unsuccessful.
Conclusion:
In the decision-making to select impressive features on success rate of infertility, HFS are suggested for the first time in our proposed method and trusted by multi-center dataset. The HFS utilized the standard deviation among of various criteria which could increase the quality of feature selection and reduce features numbers. The mean of pregnant and non-pregnant groups was significantly different in the Features selected, including FSH, FAge, 16Cells, Oocytes, GIII, and Compact. According to the results, FAge significantly correlated to FHR and CPR, and the highest FSH with 31.87% is obtained for FSH dose in the range of 10 to 13 (mIU/ml).
Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Cotton Cultivation in Turkey
Authors: BARAN Mehmet Fırat , Gokdogan Osman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, the energy use efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of cotton cultivation in Beşiri region of Batman province in Turkey were determined. This research was conducted through face-to-face surveys with 64 farms selected by simple random sampling method in the 2018–2019 cultivation season. The energy input (EI) and energy output (EO) in cotton cultivation were calculated as 52,302.62 MJ/ha and 60,341.03 MJ/ha. Energy inputs consist of electricity energy with 19,948.86 MJ/ha(38.14%), chemical fertilizers energy with 14,163.83 MJ/ha (27.08%), diesel fuel energy with 13,218.49 (25.27%), irrigation water energy with 2563.79 MJ/ha(4.90%), machinery energy with 1071.14 MJ/ha(2.05%), chemicals energy with 797.96 MJ/ha (1.53%), seed energy with 291.46 MJ/ha (0.56%) and human labour energy with 247.09 MJ/ha(0.47%), respectively. Total energy inputs in cotton cultivation can be categorized as 68.79% direct, 31.21% indirect, 5.93% renewable and 94.07% non-renewable. EUE, specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) in cotton cultivation were calculated as 1.15, 10.23 MJ/kg, 0.10 kg /MJ and 8038.41 MJ/ ha, respectively. Total GHG was calculated as 3742.59 kgCO2-eq ha− 1 for cotton cultivation with the greatest share taken by nitrogen (26.19%). Nitrogen was followed by electricity (24.73%), irrigation water (18.48%), diesel fuel (17.31%), seed (5.04%), chemicals (2.93%), phosphorous (2.74%), human labour (2.36%), potassium (0.19%) and machinery (0.03%), respectively. GHG ratio value was calculated as 0.73 kgCO2-eq kg− 1 in cotton cultivation.
Spin coherence in 2D materials point defects from first principles
Authors: Ali Sajid , Thygesen Kristian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The spin coherence time of 69 triplet defect centers in 45 different 2D host materials is studied by density functional theory (DFT) and the cluster correlation expansion (CCE) method. Several of the triplets are found to exhibit extraordinarily large spin coherence times making them interesting for quantum information processing. The dependence of the spin coherence time on various factors, including the hyperfine coupling strength, the dipole-dipole coupling, and the nuclear g-factors, are systematically investigated. The analysis shows that the spin coherence time is insensitive to the atomistic details of the defect center and rather is dictated by the nuclear spin properties of the host material. Symbolic regression is then used to derive a simple expression for spin coherence time, which is validated on a test set of 55 doublet defects unseen by the regression model. The simple expression permits order-of-magnitude estimates of the spin coherence time without expensive first principles calculations.
Relationships between radiation flux and ENSO in the tropical Pacific over the last 170a
Authors: Boyu Chai , Feng XU , Jian-jun XU , Li-guo HAN , Si-qi CHEN , Ya-jie LI , Jin-yi YANG , Shao-jing ZHANG , Mei-ying Zheng , Yong-chi LI 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We used synthetic analysis, EOF decomposition, correlation coefficient analysis and causal analysis to investigate relationships between radiation flux and ENSO in the tropical Pacific in recent 170a. Our results indicate that SDLR increased significantly, by c.0.05 W / (M 2 * a), TOLR decreased slightly, by c.0.02 W / (M 2 * a), SDSR did not change significantly, and TISR increased slightly, by c.0.001 W / (M 2 * a). In the tropical western Pacific region, the average state of the tropospheric atmosphere rising and sinking intersecting area shifted eastward by 0.05 ° / a, and El Niño Modoki events increased. In the Middle East Pacific, especially Niño 3.4 with an ocean depth > 700 m, ocean heat content increased significantly, the maximum ILD region moved eastward, upward movement in the intersecting area was abnormally enhanced, the number of westerly wind bursts weakened, and the probability of El Niño Modoki occurrence increased. There was a correlation and causal relationship between marine heat content in zones Niño3 and Niño4, radiation flux, w and u, v anomalies near the intersecting zone. When the time series of the factor was ahead or behind, the lead lag correlation coefficient generally increased. The location of the ILD maximum only affected TOLR, and only SDLR can affect the longitudinal location of the ILD maximum. The longitudinal location of the ILD maximum and H niño3 , H niño3.4 interact as both cause and effect.
Population-Level Counterfactual Trend Modelling to Examine the Relationship Between Smoking Prevalence and E-Cigarette Use among US Adults
Authors: Foxon Floe , Selya Arielle , Gitchell Joe , Shiffman Saul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies have suggested that some adult smokers are switching away from smoking to e-cigarette use. Nationally representative data may reflect such changes by assessing trends in cigarette and e-cigarette prevalence.
Methods: Annual estimates of smoking and e-cigarette use in US adults varying in age, race/ethnicity, and sex/gender were derived from the National Health Interview Survey. Regression models were fitted to smoking prevalence trends before e-cigarettes became widely available (1999–2009) and trends were extrapolated to 2019 (counterfactual model). Smoking prevalence discrepancies, defined as the difference between projected and actual smoking prevalence from 2010–2019, were calculated to evaluate whether actual smoking prevalence differed from those expected from counterfactual projections. The correlation between smoking discrepancies and e-cigarette use prevalence was investigated.
Results: Actual overall smoking prevalence from 2010–2019 was significantly lower than counterfactual predictions. The discrepancy was significantly larger as e-cigarette use prevalence increased. In subgroup analyses, discrepancies in smoking prevalence were more pronounced for cohorts with greater e-cigarette use prevalence, namely adults ages 18–34, adult males, and non-Hispanic White adults.
Conclusions: Population-level data suggest that smoking prevalence has dropped faster than expected, in ways correlated with increased e-cigarette use.
Benefits of sacubitril/valsartan use in patients with chronic heart failure after cardiac valve surgery: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zheng Jian , Wu Qingsong , Li Qianzhen , Tang Mirong , Qiu Zhihuang , Chen Liangwan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) after cardiac valve surgery (CVS).Methods: Data of 259 patients who underwent CVS due to organic heart disease, and who were admitted to the hospital with CHF from January 2018 to December 2020, were collected. The patients were divided into Group A (treatment with sacubitril/valsartan) and Group B (treatment without sacubitril/valsartan). The duration of treatment and follow-up was 6 months. Prior-treatment clinical characteristics, post-treatment data, mortality, and follow-up data of the two groups were analyzed.Results: The total effective rate of Group A was higher than that of Group B (82.56% versus 65.52%, P < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in both groups (11.14 ± 10.16 versus 7.15 ± 11.18, P = 0.004). The left ventricular end-diastolic/-systolic diameter (LVEDD/LVESD) in Group A decreased more than that in Group B (3.58 ± 9.21 versus 0.27 ± 14.44, P=0.026; 4.21 ± 8.15 versus 1.14 ± 12.12, P=0.016, respectively). The N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in both groups decreased (1305.65 ± 2000.85 versus 675.91 ± 1649.84, P=0.012). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) in Group A decreased more than that in Group B (13.13 ± 23.98 versus 1.81 ± 10.89, P < 0.001; 8.28 ± 17.79 versus 2.37 ± 11.41, P = 0.005, respectively). Liver and renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, symptomatic hypotension, Angioedema or acute heart failure have no statistical differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Sacubitril/valsartan can effectively improve the cardiac function of CHF patients after CVS by increasing LVEF, reducing LVEDD, LVESD, NT-proBNP and BP, with good safety.
Macromorphological, anatomical and molecular studies of some Araliaceae taxa in Egypt
Authors: Wahba Mai , Haider Ashraf Salah Al-Din , Morad Magdy M. , Mashaly Ibrahim A. , EL-Habashy Ihsan E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the morphological features (namely, whole plant, leaf and stem anatomy, leaf architecture, and epidermal characteristics) and molecular characteristics of Araliaceae taxa to explain the diversity and diagnostic significance of these attributes. The sum of both characteristic states of morphological and molecular criteria (182 traits and 78 bands, respectively) from the total (260 traits) of the examined taxa was subjected to a numerical analysis using the NTSYS-PC program (version 2.02). The generated dendrogram explained the similarities and differences between the examined taxa and the specific relationships are discussed and compared with current classification systems. The generated dendrogram from morphological attributes confirmed the separation of Aralieae and Schefflerieae as two tribes of Araliaceae and supported the separation of simple leaved taxa from compound-leaved ones.
Pathophysiology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 mimics neoplastic cells, and long COVID-19 syndrome can be a Warburg effect and ACE-2 internalization consequence
Authors: Zanella Luiz Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Barros D'Elia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article develops a theory involving SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiological mechanisms based on an extensive literature review and is reinforced by two years of dealing with COVID-19 patients in different footage of the natural history of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the Warburg effect (W.E. ), a well-described mechanism in neoplastic cells to obtain energy and substrates to enable cell growth. The W.E. is responsible for characteristic clinical and laboratory findings such as elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, uraemia, and acidosis, in addition to explaining why a specific profile of patients evolves into severe forms of the disease. This article also exposes a hypothesis for maintaining the inflammatory status after acute SARS-COV-2 infection, "The Long COVID-19 Syndrome". Assessment of the PubMed platform followed by evaluation of articles that supported issues regarding COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 AND AEROBIC GLYCOLISIS/WARBURG EFFECT. COVID-19 is a biphasic infectious disease (such as yellow fever) that causes tenacious immune-metabolic changes that impact the inflammatory status. The hyperlactatemia (type B) in COVID-19 is due to the metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis (W.E. ), and it can differentiate chronic or acute COVID-19 inflammatory status from septic shock hyperlactatemia, especially when associated with negative cultures. This article sheds light on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and possibilities for treatment and improvement in the clinical management of patients affected by this severe and catastrophic disease. The COVID-19 signature is the Warburg effect + ACE-2 + innate response + hypoxia + phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Try) metabolism. The disease’s magnitude is directly proportional to the patient's exposure to hypoxia.
Application of minimally invasive lateral auxiliary incision technique in AO-OTA 31-A1 intertrochanteric fracture
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wu Junlong , Yin Yihong , Yuan Xinhua , Zhang Jiakai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore minimally invasive lateral auxiliary incision technique for the 31-A1 intertrochanteric fracture to correct the coronal plane deformity
Methods
Twelve patients with AO-OTA 31-A1 injury were treated with PFNA fixation using the minimally invasive lateral auxiliary incision. The blood loss, operation time, classification were observed and recorded. Patients were followed up retrospectively with routine post-operation visits for clinical and radiographic examination. The reduction quality was evaluated according to displacements of cortical thickness.
Results
The mean follow-up time was 15 months (range 12–21 months). The mean blood loss and operation time were 21.9 ± 5.7ml (range 15-28ml) and 45.4 ± 7.5 mins (range 38-52mins) respectively. Patients experienced early weight-bearing ability, no fracture reduction loss. Due to the fracture reduction criterion, the results were good in 9 cases, acceptable in 3 cases.
Conclusion
minimally invasive lateral auxiliary incision technique is helpful for the 31-A1 intertrochanteric fracture to correct coronal plane deformity, which could achieve a good reduction in the coronal plane.