bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did COVID‐19 Impact Contraceptive Uptake? Evidence from Senegal
Authors: Fuseini Kamil , Jarvis Leah , Ankomah Augustine , Bintou Mbow Fatou , Hindin Michelle J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of new contraceptive acceptors in Senegal overall and by method. Monthly service data from March 2019 to December 2020 were extracted for the number of new contraceptive users of IUDs, implants, injectables, and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analysis for trend analyses overall and by the contraceptive method. Following the announcement of the first COVID‐19 case in Senegal in March 2020, there was an immediate significant decrease in the number of new acceptors overall, and for new users of implants and injectables. From March–December 2020, the trend in monthly new family planning acceptors increased overall, mainly driven by significant increases in new IUD and implant acceptors. Compared to the period before the onset of COVID‐19, there was a statistically significant shift from shorter‐acting methods (OCPs, injectables) to long‐acting reversible methods (IUDs, implants). Despite the immediate adverse impact of COVID‐19‐related restrictions, the number of new acceptors rebounded, trends in the number of new monthly acceptors significantly increased, and there was a significant shift to longer‐acting methods.
“I don't think they need any help with the formula”: Examining elementary preservice teachers' responses to volume tasks
Authors: Hong Dae S. , Runnalls Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore how elementary preservice teachers (PSTs) responded to students' hypothetical misconceptions about volume measurement. We carried out both pre‐assessments and follow‐up interviews with 17 PSTs, with tasks focused on both volume content knowledge and hypothetical student responses to volume tasks. Preliminary findings indicated a preference toward show‐and‐tell responses, often with a focus correct or incorrect use of the volume formula. Although PSTs were frequently able to correctly identify students' learning challenges and make conceptual pedagogical suggestions with regards to volume, they experienced difficulty in addressing those challenges with more student—centered suggestions. Recommendations for supporting PSTs in teacher education programs are discussed.
A dynamic snow accumulation simulation approach for forecasting snow distribution over regional‐scale terrain
Authors: Ding Yulin , Sun Qianqian , Zhu Qing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEconomic losses due to snow‐related disasters in pastoral areas of China have become severe in recent decades. Terrain and wind play prominent roles in determining snow distribution patterns. As complex topography and dynamic wind conditions are strong nonlinear multivariables with many uncertain factors, it is difficult to predict elevation‐ and wind‐affected snow depth distribution. The complex characteristics of the snow accumulation process call for highly reliable comprehensive simulation for disaster management. The accuracy of these simulations mainly depends on the integration of multiple models for multi‐stage snow accumulation processes. Focusing on coupling wind‐affected snowdrift and snowmelt processes, we put forward a virtual geographical environment snow accumulation simulation approach. The approach consists of three main steps: (1) computational fluid dynamics prediction of 3D dynamic wind‐flow fields; (2) wind‐affected snowdrift simulation; and (3) snowmelt simulation based on degree‐day model. To check its reliability and efficiency, this approach has been validated by reconstructing a historical snow event at Tacheng City, Xinjiang Province, China. The results have characterized the elevation‐ and wind‐induced snowdrift patterns and their specific levels of risk under various conditions. The comprehensive simulation method described here can be applied to help the government and the public examine future events, and stimulate consideration of appropriate policies and techniques for snow risk mitigation.
Computational Optimization of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled With Biomass-Derived Syngas
Authors: Pérez Gordillo David Sebastian , Mantilla González Juan Miguel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents the computational optimization of a spark ignition engine fueled with biomass-derived syngas. KIVA 4 is used as simulation platform, where a three-dimensional model is implemented considering the valve system together with the intake and exhaust processes. For the optimization, a subroutine is developed that couples KIVA 4 with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Two optimization processes are performed, one at 2500 rpm and the other at 4500 rpm. In both cases, the aim is to optimize the equivalence ratio in the combustion chamber, with the objectives of maximizing the indicated thermal efficiency and minimizing the nitrogen monoxide emission. From the results, it can be deduced that the performance of the engine presents its optimum values for mixtures close to stoichiometry; however, these individuals also exhibit the highest nitrogen monoxide emissions. At both 2500 rpm and 4500 rpm, it was possible to find equivalence ratios that allow obtaining efficiencies greater than those achieved in the conventional operation of the engine, that is, when it is fueled with gasoline.
Including Mean Stress in the Effective Equivalent Stress of the ASME BPVC Elastic–Plastic Fatigue Method
Authors: Ross Michael , Najera-Flores David , Freymiller James 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work provides a novel method for including mean stress in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) elastic–plastic fatigue procedure. Typically, the mean stress is accounted for by adjusting the stress-life cycle curve. A new approach is provided by adjusting the effective equivalent stress range with a mean stress correction. This approach is advantageous because this adjustment can be made at each cycle and efficiently implemented in the computation. This new approach allows for fatigue analysis of large-scale models, such as full spacecraft assemblies or a semi-truck trailer. The proposed method is verified by predicting the fatigue life of a test coupon and compared to experimental results.
Bulk Velocity and Mass Flowrate Estimation of Particle Plumes Through Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis of Thermogram Sequences
Authors: Ortega Jesus D. , Anaya Guillermo , Ho Clifford K. , Vorobieff Peter , Mohan Gowtham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are commonly used to determine velocity fields from a flow, given that sufficient tracers can be added and tracked to determine their motion. While these types of measurements are typically completed using high-speed cameras to capture the trajectories of the tracer particles, the experiments performed at the University of New Mexico generated extensive time-resolved infrared temperature image (i.e., thermogram) sets of a free-falling particle curtain captured at 300 Hz. The camera used for such measurements was high-speed infrared camera that provides a resolution of 640 × 512. The thermogram sets acquired have been extensively analyzed with two commonly used commercial PIV analysis packages, DaVis and PIVlab. The comparison between the two software packages showed consistent velocity fields and contours, along with corresponding average velocity as functions of discharge position. As expected, the vertical velocity component of these gravity-driven curtains follows a trend that resembles a free-falling sphere rather than a falling sphere experiencing drag. The study also found that the discharge velocity showed negligible effects due to the inlet particle temperature of the curtain. These results will be applied to the development of a methodology to estimate the mass flowrate of particle curtains and plumes using a novel non-intrusive image correlation methodology.
Robust Design and Evaluation of a Novel Modular Origami-Enabled Mobile Robot (OSCAR)
Authors: Angatkina Oyuna , Alleyne Andrew G. , Wissa Aimy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents critical design modifications for an Origami-enabled Soft Crawling Autonomous Robot (OSCAR). OSCAR’s upgraded design mitigates motion uncertainties, which often plague soft robots. More specifically, we present a design that mitigates motion uncertainties caused by the feet interaction with the ground and uncertainties in the assembly procedures and actuators’ control. The new design has a robust and repeatable locomotion cycle that reaches more than 95% of its ideal, analytically predicted locomotion cycle. OSCAR’s performance is experimentally validated using two case studies, namely, navigation in a 2D environment with static obstacles and coupled locomotion of two docked OSCAR segments. Results from the first case study demonstrate OSCAR’s accurate and robust path following performance across multiple trials and experiments. Results from the second case study show the successful and repeatable earthworm-inspired locomotion of two docked OSCAR segments. The second case study demonstrates OSCAR’s modular design. OSCAR’s modified design, along with the reduced motion uncertainty, allows for operation where individual segments can operate alone or while docked to other segments. The repeatable and modular OSCAR design presented in this study expands the operational envelope for origami-enabled robots and allows their deployment in various applications.
A Numerical Study of Density-Unstable Reverse Circulation Displacement for Primary Cementing
Authors: Skadsem Hans Joakim , Kragset Steinar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Primary cementing of the casing string is the operation where the annular space behind the casing is displaced to a cement slurry. Once hardened, the cement should form a solid annular barrier and provide zonal isolation behind the casing. Reverse circulation cementing involves injecting the cement slurry directly into the annulus that is to be cemented, displacing drilling fluid down the well. This will normally represent a density-unstable situation with an increased risk of inter-mixing of fluids and slurry contamination compared to conventional circulation cementing. This study addresses the reverse circulation displacement mechanics and is based on a reverse circulation field case where the quality of the hardened cement has previously been established by characterization of two retrieved joints. We use 3D numerical simulations to study possible displacement conditions and compare findings qualitatively to the actual cement. Additional simulations indicate the importance of imposed flowrate and viscous stresses in suppressing the destabilizing effect of buoyancy. A simplified one-dimensional displacement model provides reasonable predictions of the front propagation speed in vertical, concentric annuli, and correct identification of conditions results in backflow of lighter fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first numerical study undertaken to better understand density-unstable displacements in annular geometries.
An Experimental Study on a Dual-Fuel Generator Fueled With Diesel and Simulated Biogas
Authors: Dev Shouvik , Stevenson David , Yousefi Amin , Guo Hongsheng , Butler James 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diesel-fueled generators are widely used for power generation in remote and/or off-grid communities. In such communities, local organic waste streams can be used to generate biogas, which can be used to replace diesel used by diesel generators to lower fuel cost and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Diesel-powered generators can be easily retrofitted with a biogas dosing line in the engine intake to introduce biogas, but appropriate optimization would be of great help to further improve generator performance and reduce GHG emissions. The objective of this research is to demonstrate simplified optimization methods that can reduce GHG emissions (carbon dioxide and methane) from such retrofitted dual-fuel engines under various biogas compositions. The study was conducted on a modern 30 kilowatt (kW) generator using an electronically controlled, four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, turbo-charged diesel engine. The engine was operated with the factory electronic control unit (ECU) and a programmable ECU which allowed for control of the fuel injections and exhaust gas recirculation valve. Biogas was simulated by using natural gas (with more than 95% methane by volume) which was diluted with either carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This study consisted of two areas. The first one was the comparison of the engine performance when operating with biogas using the factory ECU and the programmable ECU with user-optimized fuel injection. The second one was the influence of volume fraction of carbon dioxide or nitrogen in the biogas. Test results reinforced the importance of optimizing the diesel injections when the engine was operated in the biogas-diesel dual-fuel mode to ensure complete combustion and achieve a reduction in GHG emissions. Increasing nitrogen fraction had a minimal effect on the emissions but increasing carbon dioxide fraction caused the NOx and methane emissions to decrease, and the indicated thermal efficiency to increase.
Locating Lhasa terrane in the Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents: A key piece of the reconstruction puzzle
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Wang Qiang , Dan Wei , Wyman Derek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe debate over global continental reorganization from Rodinia to Gondwana likely stems from some key Neoproterozoic units being overlooked in previous reconstructions. Here we provide a self-consistent set of evidence, based on magmatism and metamorphism, that the Lhasa terrane is the “lost” part of NW India and retains crucial archives, including 760–730 Ma ophiolitic-arc magmatic rocks and evidence of a distinctive metamorphic event at ca. 660 Ma. Hence, the Lhasa terrane together with Madagascar and Seychelles formed in a late Neoproterozoic juvenile arc system laying either along the periphery of rifting Rodinia or outboard of the supercontinent. Subsequently, these terranes made up the northern East African Orogen (EAO) during the initial assembly of Gondwana. As a result of lateral-escape tectonics after collision and dextral strike-slip along the northern margin of Gondwana, the Lhasa terrane escaped from the EAO and had migrated to the northern margin of Australia by the Middle Cambrian.
Risk factors for hospital-acquired and community-acquired pressure injuries: a multicentre mixed case–control study
Authors: Ding Lei , Hu Xia , Wei Lili , Sun Mojian , Sun Guixia , Jiang Guangfeng , Li Huanting 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo separately examine and comprehensively compare the risk factors for hospital-acquired (HAPIs) and community-acquired pressure injuries (CAPIs).DesignA mixed case–control study.SettingFour medical centres in China.ParticipantsInclusion criteria included patients who were (1) aged ≥18 years on admission; (2) admitted between January 2014 and December 2018, and (3) diagnosed with HAPIs (cases) or with no HAPIs (controls) during hospitalisation in the HAPIs study, and confirmed with CAPIs (cases) or with no PIs (controls) on admission in the CAPIs study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) admitted for childbirth, psychiatric reasons or rehabilitation; (2) admitted for observation; (3) transferred from another hospital and (4) confirmed to have suffered PIs from previous hospitalisations in the CAPIs study. In total, 320 cases and 1657 controls were included in the HAPIs study, and 1763 cases and 1786 controls were included in the CAPIs study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variable was the occurrence of PIs.ResultsThe existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation were found to be independent risk factors for HAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 51.931 (34.241 to 78.763), 2.006 (1.405 to 2.864), 3.226 (1.709 to 6.089) and 2.161 (1.452 to 3.215), respectively. Age, sex, Braden rating and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for CAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 1.031 (1.026 to 1.036), 0.810 (0.698 to 0.941), 1.235 (1.167 to 1.307) and 2.059 (1.332 to 3.184), respectively.ConclusionsThe existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation are suggested to be included as independent items for the risk assessment of PIs, together with the Braden scale. The Braden rating plays different roles in the development of CAPIs and HAPIs.
Intensifying bismuth concentration in tin chalcogenide for solar cell applications
Authors: Muthumari M. , Manjula M. , Pradheepa K. , Veluswamy Pandiyarasan 
Published: April 2022

Solar cells convert electricity from the solar spectrum to more than 60%. Researchers focused on this promising field because of the most demanding renewable source of electrical energy. Based on the demand, we focused our study on bismuth-doped tin chalcogenide materials for the optoelectronic and solar cell applications. The effect of bismuth concentration on structural, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te and Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te materials is studied based on density functional theory (DFT). Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was proposed to calculate structural parameters, density of states and band structure. Here the lattice parameter increases when increasing bismuth concentration. The parent binary SnTe is in semiconducting behavior with a narrow direct bandgap of 0.234 eV (L-L). From the calculated thermal and optical results, the Gruneisen parameter is maximum for Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te and Debye temperature is maximum for Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te. The studied materials are consistent in IR, visible and UV regions and they are adorable for IR optical detectors and solar cell applications.
Alpha-Fetoprotein as a Potential Surrogate Biomarker for Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Andrew X. , Dayyani Farshid , Yen Chia-Jui , Ren Zhenggang , Bai Yuxian , Meng Zhiqiang , Pan Hongming , Dillon Paul , Mhatre Shivani K. , Gaillard Vincent E. , Hernandez Sairy , Kelley Robin Kate , Sangro Bruno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab is the new standard of care for systemic treatment-naïve, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This exploratory study investigated on-treatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response as a potential surrogate biomarker of prognosis for the combination therapy.

Experimental Design:
Data from Group A of the phase Ib GO30140 study were used to identify the optimal time for AFP measurement and AFP cutoffs to differentiate patients by their best confirmed response per independent review facility–assessed RECIST (IRF-RECIST) version 1.1: responders from nonresponders and patients with disease control from primary progressors. We applied these cutoffs to independent data from the atezolizumab + bevacizumab arm of the phase III IMbrave150 trial to distinguish patients based on (i) overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) per IRF-RECIST 1.1 and (ii) best confirmed response per IRF-RECIST 1.1.

Results:
We derived AFP cutoffs of ≥75% decrease and ≤10% increase from baseline at 6 weeks to identify responders and those who had disease control, respectively. These cutoffs had high sensitivity and specificity in GO30140. In IMbrave150 patients, sensitivity was 0.59 and specificity was 0.86 for the ≥75% decrease AFP cutoff; the sensitivity was 0.77 and specificity was 0.44 for the ≤10% increase AFP cutoff. Both AFP cutoffs were associated with longer OS and PFS, particularly in patients with hepatitis B virus etiology (HR &lt; 0.5; P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions:
AFP response at 6 weeks after initiating treatment is a potential surrogate biomarker of prognosis for patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab + bevacizumab.
See related commentary by Cappuyns and Llovet, p. 3405
Autologous Nanobody-Derived Fratricide-Resistant CD7-CAR T-cell Therapy for Patients with Relapsed and Refractory T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Chen Dan , Fu Xiaorui , Meng Huimin , Nan Feifei , Sun Zhenchang , Yu Hui , Zhang Lei , Li Ling , Li Xin , Wang Xinhua , Wang Min , You Fengtao , Li Zhaoming , Chang Yu , Zhou Zhiyuan , Yan Jiaqin , Li Jiwei , Wu Xiaolong , Wang Yu , Wang Yinyan , Xiang Shufen , Chen YuSheng , Pan Guifang , Xu Hanying , Zhang Bozhen , Yang Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose:Since CD7 may represent a potent target for T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) immunotherapy, this study aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of autologous CD7–chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) T-ALL/LBL, as well as its manufacturing feasibility.Patients and Methods:Preclinical phase was conducted in NPG mice injected with Luc+ GFP+CCRF-CEM cells. Open-label phase I clinical trial (NCT04004637) enrolled patients with R/R CD7-positive T-ALL/LBL who received autologous CD7-CAR T-cell infusion. Primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included efficacy and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.Results:CD7 blockade strategy was developed using tandem CD7 nanobody VHH6 coupled with an endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-retention motif peptide to intracellularly fasten CD7 molecules. In preclinical phase CD7 blockade CAR T cells prevented fratricide and exerted potent cytolytic activity, significantly relieving leukemia progression and prolonged the median survival of mice. In clinical phase, the complete remission (CR) rate was 87.5% (7/8) 3 months after CAR T-cell infusion; 1 patient with leukemia achieved minimal residual disease–negative CR and 1 patient with lymphoma achieved CR for more than 12 months. Majority of patients (87.5%) only had grade 1 or 2 cytokine release syndrome with no T-cell hypoplasia or any neurologic toxicities observed. The median maximum concentration of CAR T cells was 857.2 cells/μL at approximately 12 days and remained detectable up to 270 days.Conclusions:Autologous nanobody-derived fratricide-resistant CD7-CAR T cells demonstrated a promising and durable antitumor response in R/R T-ALL/LBL with tolerable toxicity, warranting further studies in highly aggressive CD7-positive malignancies.
Design Ultra-Wideband Antenna have A Band Rejection Desired to Avoid Interference from Existing Bands
Authors: Kamil Ansam Qasim , Jassim ِAli Khalid 
Published: April 2022

Ultra-wideband antenna with band notch for rejecting bands. Rectangular slots are introduced on an arborescent patch to get UWB, coverage from 3.1–10.6 GHz. The antenna structure is fancied on FR4 the substrate with a size of 24 mm×24 mm×1.6 mm, a band notch located at 4.7 GHz is generated by adding the rectangular slot on the patch this microstrip antenna is simulated by computer simulation technology, the simulated and manufactured results show the antenna for wireless communication,to reduce the problem of interference in bands in communication systems by using the current distribution techniques, large bandwidths are reduced and unwanted bands are rejected by inserting notch such as rectangular slit and side slot on the patch. The presented antenna, use current redistribution technology, for the antenna designed by adding a rectangular aperture on a rectangular patch to change the current path to a zero value. Despite the fact that these antennas have strong band-notch characteristics and can match the criteria of UWB communication applications.