bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and practice of intelligent coal mine technology systems in China
Authors: Wang Guofa , Ren Huaiwei , Zhao Guorui , Zhang Desheng , Wen Zhiguo , Meng Lingyu , Gong Shixin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry. We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines, and introduced the “Chinese mode” of intelligent mining in underground coal mines, which uses complete sets of technical equipment to propose classification and grading standards. In view of the basic characteristics and technical requirements of intelligent coal mine systems, we established a digital logic model and propose an information entity and knowledge map construction method. This involves an active information push strategy based on a knowledge demand model and an intelligent portfolio modeling and distribution method for collaborative control of coal mines. The top-level architecture of 5G+ intelligent coal mine systems combines intelligent applications such as autonomous intelligent mining, human–machine collaborative rapid tunneling, unmanned auxiliary transportation, closed-loop safety control, lean collaborative operation, and intelligent ecology. Progress in intelligent mining technology was described in terms of a dynamic modified geological model, underground 5G network and positioning technology, intelligent control of the mining height and straightness of the longwall working face, and intelligent mining equipment. The development of intelligent coal mines was analyzed in terms of its imbalances, bottlenecks, and the compatibility of large-scale systems. Implementation ideas for promoting the development of intelligent coal mines were proposed, such as establishing construction standards and technical specifications, implementing classification and grading standards according to mining policy, accelerating key technology research, and building a new management and control model.
Interlocking complementarities between job design and labour contracts
Authors: Cattani Luca , Dughera Stefano , Landini Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of interlocking complementarities between job design and labour contract at the firm level. Using a formal model, we show that firms face two organizational equilibria: one in which job designs with high routine task intensity are matched with a large use of non-standard contracts; and the other in which low routine task intensity combines with a small use of non-standard contracts. These complementarities exist because while non-standard contracts allow firm to adjust to external shocks, they also provide little incentive to invest in firm-specific knowledge. We test this prediction using linked-employer-employee data from the Emilia-Romagna region. The evidence is consistent with our theory: the use of non-standard contracts is positively associated with routine task intensity at the firm level. This result holds controlling for a wide range of firm-specific and contextual covariates and it is robust to alternative estimation methods (OLS, panel and IV).
Enabling Multi-Chemisorption Sites on Carbon Nanofibers Cathodes by an In-situ Exfoliation Strategy for High-Performance Zn–Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: He Hongcheng , Lian Jichun , Chen Changmiao , Xiong Qiaotian , Li Cheng Chao , Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon nanofibers films are typical flexible electrode in the field of energy storage, but their application in Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) is limited by the low energy density due to the lack of active adsorption sites. In this work, an in-situ exfoliation strategy is reported to modulate the chemisorption sites of carbon nanofibers by high pyridine/pyrrole nitrogen doping and carbonyl functionalization. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the highly electronegative pyridine/pyrrole nitrogen dopants can not only greatly reduce the binding energy between carbonyl group and Zn2+ by inducing charge delocalization of the carbonyl group, but also promote the adsorption of Zn2+ by bonding with the carbonyl group to form N–Zn–O bond. Benefit from the multiple highly active chemisorption sites generated by the synergy between carbonyl groups and pyridine/pyrrole nitrogen atoms, the resulting carbon nanofibers film cathode displays a high energy density, an ultralong-term lifespan, and excellent capacity reservation under commercial mass loading (14.45 mg cm‒2). Particularly, the cathodes can also operate stably in flexible or quasi-solid devices, indicating its application potential in flexible electronic products. This work established a universal method to solve the bottleneck problem of insufficient active adsorption sites of carbon-based ZIHCs.Imoproved should be changed into Improved.
Support for Enhanced GDPR Accountability with the Common Semantic Model for ROPA (CSM-ROPA)
Authors: Ryan Paul , Brennan Rob 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe creation and maintenance of Registers of Processing Activities (ROPA) are essential to meeting the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and thus to demonstrate compliance based on the GDPR concept of accountability. To establish its effectiveness in meeting this obligation, we evaluate an ROPA semantic model, the Common Semantic Model–ROPA (CSM–ROPA). Semantic models and tools represent one solution to the compliance challenges faced by organisations: the heterogeneity of relevant data sources, and the lack of tool interoperability and agreed common standards. By surveying current practice and the literature we identify the requirements for GDPR accountability tools: digital exchange of data, automated accountability verification and privacy-aware data governance. A case study was conducted to analyse the expressivity and effectiveness of CSM–ROPA when used as an interoperable, machine-readable mediation layer to express the concepts in a comprehensive regulator-provided accountability framework used for GDPR compliance. We demonstrate that CSM–ROPA can express 98% of ROPA accountability terms and fully express nine of the ten European regulators' ROPA templates. We identify three terms for addition to CSM–ROPA, and we identify areas where CSM–ROPA relies on partial matches that indicate model limitations. These improvements to CSM–ROPA will provide comprehensive coverage of the regulator-supplied model. We show that tools based on CSM–ROPA can fully meet the requirements of compliance best practice when compared with either manual accountability approaches or a leading privacy software solution.
Polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are activated to promote the proper assembly of rice stripe mosaic virus in insect vectors
Authors: Jia Dongsheng , Liu Huan , Zhang Jian , Wan Wenqiang , Wang Zongwen , Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Qian , Wei Taiyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBoth viruses and host cells compete for intracellular polyamines for efficient propagation. Currently, how the key polyamine-metabolizing enzymes, including ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antizyme 1 (OAZ1), are activated to co-ordinate viral propagation and polyamine biosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we report that the matrix protein of rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a cytorhabdovirus, directly hijacks OAZ1 to ensure the proper assembly of rigid bacilliform non-enveloped virions in leafhopper vector. Viral matrix protein effectively competes with ODC1 to bind to OAZ1, and thus, the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1 is significantly inhibited during viral propagation, which finally promotes polyamines production. Thus, OAZ1 and ODC1 are activated to synergistically promote viral persistent propagation and polyamine biosynthesis in viruliferous vectors. Our data suggest that it is a novel mechanism for rhabdovirus to exploit OAZ1 for facilitating viral assembly.
Spatio‐Temporal Clustering of Seismicity Enabled by Off‐Fault Plasticity
Authors: Mia Md Shumon , Abdelmeguid Mohamed , Elbanna Ahmed E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile significant progress has been made in understanding earthquake source processes in linear elastic domains, the effect of more realistic rheologies including plasticity is poorly understood. Here, we simulate the sequence of earthquake and aseismic slip of a 2D antiplane rate‐and‐state fault embedded in a full‐space elastic‐plastic bulk. We show that off‐fault plasticity may lead to partial ruptures as well as temporal clustering of seismic events. Furthermore, the interaction of fault slip and off‐fault plasticity results in pockets of slip deficit. While the energy dissipated through plastic deformation remains a small fraction of the total energy budget, its impact on the source characteristics is disproportionally large through the redistribution of stresses and viscous relaxation. Our results suggest a new mechanism of dynamic heterogeneity in earthquake physics that may have important implications on earthquake size distribution and energy budget.
Lithospheric Deformation Due To the 2015 M7.2 Sarez (Pamir) Earthquake Constrained by 5 years of Space Geodetic Observations
Authors: Jin Zeyu , Fialko Yuri , Zubovich Alexander , Schöne Tilo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2015 M7.2 Sarez (Pamir) earthquake occurred at the north‐west margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We use Sentinel‐1 and ALOS‐2 Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System data to investigate coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the Sarez earthquake. Kinematic inversions show that the earthquake ruptured a ∼80 km long, sub‐vertical fault producing the maximum surface offset of 3–4 m on the south‐west and central fault segments. In contrast, the largest postseismic displacements are observed at the north‐east end of the earthquake rupture, predominantly on the west (hanging wall) side of the fault with an average rate of 20–30 mm/yr in the satellite line of sight. We use the derived coseismic and postseismic slip models to investigate mechanisms of time‐dependent relaxation, stress transfer and possible triggering relationships between the Sarez earthquake and a sequence of strong M6+ events that occurred within ∼100 km of the 2015 earthquake. We find that the near‐field postseismic displacements are best explained by shallow afterslip driven by the coseismic stress changes. The data also allow some contribution from poroelastic rebound, but do not show a clear signature of viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle during the observation period, suggesting a lower bound on the effective viscosity of ∼1019 Pa s. A pair of M6+ events that occurred within 100 km and several months of the 2015 mainshock have experienced near‐zero and in some cases negative static Coulomb stress changes, suggesting either delayed dynamic triggering, or no relation to the mainshock.
The Moon in the Microwave: Shedding New Light on the Lunar Farside
Authors: Bugiolacchi R. , Hu G.‐P. , Zheng Y. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new lunar map was produced by subtracting the nocturnal microwave radiance data from two frequency channels with different penetrative potential. Chang’E−2 microwave radiometer (MRM) data show areas of anomalous high differences relating to both known and unknown young impact craters, most of which are located on the lunar farside. Thirty‐eight Features Of Interest (FOI) were selected and investigated by comparison with soil maturity maps (OMAT) and infrared‐derived data (H–Parameter), a parameter relating to thermal inertia. In some cases, the surface area of the microwave feature reaches distances of over 40 units of crater radii from the rim before abruptly dropping to background level within less than 10 km. The origin of such microwave variations remains unclear but is likely related to terrain roughness and fine ejecta materials which produce higher signal loss (“loss tangent”) at the uppermost surface layer. The observed discrepancy from the other datasets is due to the higher penetrative potential of microwave radiation, thus potentially carrying additional information on buried materials. The microwave‐derived FOIs appear to be transient within a geological timeframe and, in principle, a relationship between temperature differences at night in the two microwave channels, along with infrared data analysis, could be employed to derive a formation time of the crater. However, the low spatial resolution of the available microwave data precludes a reliable quantitative derivation at present.
Flow Cytometry and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Analyses for Fingerprinting Microbial Pollution in Karst Aquifer Systems
Authors: Vucinic Luka , O’Connell David , Teixeira Rui , Coxon Catherine , Gill Laurence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrobial pollution of aquifers is a persistent water quality problem globally which poses significant risks to public health. Karst aquifer systems are exceptionally vulnerable to pollution from fecal contamination sources as a result of rapid recharge of water from the surface via discrete pathways linked to highly conductive, solutionally enlarged conduits alongside strong aquifer heterogeneity. Consequently, rapid changes in microbial water quality, which are difficult to monitor with expensive and time‐consuming conventional microbiological methods, are a major concern in karst environments. This study examined flow cytometric (FCM) fingerprinting of bacterial cells in groundwater together with fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) at nine separate karst springs of varying catchment size over a 14 month period in order to assess whether such a technique can provide faster and more descriptive information about microbial pollution through such karst aquifer systems. Moreover, the data have also been evaluated with respect to the potential of using turbidity as an easy‐to‐measure proxy indicator of microbial pollution in a novel way. We argue that FCM provides additional data from which enhanced insights into fecal pollution sources and its fate and transport in such karst catchments can be gained. We also present valuable new information on the potential and limitations of turbidity as an indicator of fecal groundwater contamination in karst. FCM has the potential to become a more widely used tool in the field of contaminant hydrogeology.
How Long Can the MJO be Predicted During the Combined Phases of ENSO and QBO?
Authors: Mengist Chalachew Kindie , Seo Kyong‐Hwan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe predictability limit of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the El Niño and La Niña boreal winters (November‐February) is investigated using observational data and historical run outputs of CMIP models. The MJO predictability is computed by the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponents approach for various MJO indices obtained from bandpass‐filtered (30–80 days) outgoing longwave radiation, 850‐hPa zonal wind, and 200‐hPa zonal wind data. The result shows that the MJO predictability during La Niña winters is enhanced by up to 8 days compared to El Niño winters. Enhanced convection of the MJO phases 2–4 with persistence propagation during La Niña winters leads to higher predictability, as compared with those for El Niño winters. The highest (lowest) predictability of the MJO shows 39 (31) days during La Niña/EQBO (El Niño/EQBO) winters. The longer persistence of the MJO during La Niña/EQBO winters leads to higher predictability.
Progressive Intensification of Pacific Deep Water Circulation Since the Early Pliocene
Authors: Yin Shaoru , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Jutzeler Martin , Li Jiabiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn important stage in global ocean overturning circulation is the upwelling of the Antarctic Bottom Water into the Pacific Deep Water (PDW). The long‐term evolution of PDW circulation, however, is scarcely addressed. We use seismic reflection data and cores from the International Ocean Discovery Program (and its predecessors) in contourites to reconstruct regional deep ocean circulation patterns. Here, we demonstrate that PDW circulation was progressively enhanced at about 4.35, 3.84, 2.16, and 0.97 Ma since the early Pliocene. Coeval growth of volcanic arcs and tectonic uplifts gradually isolated marginal seas from the PDW and, in conjunction with climate cooling, effectively increasing deep‐water flux within a shrinking Pacific basin. Regional stratigraphic discontinuities in contourites indicate thresholds in the intensification of ocean circulation.
Design of Meteor and Ionospheric Irregularity Observation System and First Results
Authors: Li Guozhu , Xie Haiyong , Wang Ye , Yang Sipeng , Hu Lianhuan , Sun Wenjie , Wu Zhi , Ning Baiqi , Li Yi , Zhao Xiukuan , Reid Iain M. , Yu You 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Meteor and ionospheric Irregularity Observation System (MIOS), which consists of multi‐station optical subsystem at Ledong (18.4°N, 109°E) and Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E), and radar subsystem including a 38.9 MHz all‐sky interferometric radar and a 47.5 MHz coherent phased array radar at Ledong, has been in full operational since December 2021. This paper describes the system design and first results of meteor plasma density irregularities and corresponding meteoroids. The MIOS optical subsystem consists of a few tens of video cameras for observing optical meteor trail and spectrum. The MIOS phased array is composed of 135 Yagi antennas, arranged in sword‐like grid and grouped into 15 identical subarrays, with distances separated by 2–19.5 times the wavelength for unambiguous interferometry measurements. The phased array can form narrow and wide beams, with half power width of 8° and 24° in azimuth, respectively, allowing narrow‐beam pulse‐to‐pulse steering and wide‐beam multi‐baseline imaging observations in the east‐west direction. Observational results show that the MIOS is capable of unambiguously locating various meteor echoes, that is, head, specular and non‐specular echoes, revealing the structural evolution of field‐aligned and non‐field‐aligned irregularity, and of determining the properties of meteoroids producing/not producing irregularities. Cases of bright meteors producing non‐field‐aligned irregularities and not producing field‐aligned irregularities respectively are presented, and possible factors affecting the generation of meteor trail irregularities are discussed based on current understanding. It is expected that the MIOS will provide an important tool to study the generation and evolution of various meteor trail irregularities and the properties of the corresponding meteoroids.
Targeted CUL4A inhibition synergizes with cisplatin to yield long-term survival in models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through a DDB2-mediated mechanism
Authors: Jones Trace M. , Espitia Claudia M. , Ooi Aikseng , Bauman Julie E. , Carew Jennifer S. , Nawrocki Steffan T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatients with late-stage and human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continue to have a very poor prognosis. The development of more effective novel therapies that improve overall survival and overcome drug resistance is an urgent priority. Here we report that HNSCC tumors significantly overexpress NEDD8 and exhibit high sensitivity to the first-in-class NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat. Additional studies established that disruption of NEDD8-mediated protein turnover with pevonedistat dramatically augmented cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HNSCC models. Further analysis revealed that the specific pevonedistat target CUL4A played an essential role in driving the synergy of the pevonedistat and cisplatin combination. Targeted inhibition of CUL4A resulted in significant downregulation in Damage Specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2), a DNA-damage recognition protein that promotes nucleotide excision repair and resistance to cisplatin. Silencing of CUL4A or DDB2 enhanced cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in a manner similar to that of pevonedistat demonstrating that targeted inhibition of CUL4A may be a novel approach to augment cisplatin therapy. Administration of pevonedistat to mice bearing HNSCC tumors significantly decreased DDB2 expression in tumor cells, increased DNA damage and potently enhanced the activity of cisplatin to yield tumor regression and long-term survival of all animals. Our findings provide strong rationale for clinical investigation of CUL4A inhibition with pevonedistat as a novel strategy to augment the efficacy of cisplatin therapy for patients with HNSCC and identify loss of DDB2 as a key pharmacodynamic mediator controlling sensitivity to this regimen.
Reversible colossal barocaloric effect dominated by disordering of organic chains in (CH3–(CH2)n−1–NH3)2MnCl4 single crystals
Authors: Gao Yihong , Liu Hongxiong , Hu Fengxia , Song Hongyan , Zhang Hao , Hao Jiazheng , Liu Xingzheng , Yu Zibing , Shen Feiran , Wang Yangxin , Zhou Houbo , Wang Bingjie , Tian Zhengying , Lin Yuan , Zhang Cheng , Yin Zhuo , Wang Jing , Chen Yunzhong , Li Yunliang , Song Youting , Shi Youguo , Zhao Tongyun , Sun Jirong , Huang Qingzhen , Shen Baogen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid-state refrigeration based on the caloric effect is viewed as a promising efficient and clean refrigeration technology. Barocaloric materials were developed rapidly but have since encountered a general obstacle: the prominent caloric effect cannot be utilized reversibly under moderate pressure. Here, we report a mechanism of an emergent large, reversible barocaloric effect (BCE) under low pressure in the hybrid organic–inorganic layered perovskite (CH3–(CH2)n−1–NH3)2MnCl4 (n = 9,10), which show the reversible barocaloric entropy change as high as ΔSr ∼ 218, 230 J kg−1 K−1 at 0.08 GPa around the transition temperature (Ts ∼ 294, 311.5 K). To reveal the mechanism, single-crystal (CH3–(CH2)n−1–NH3)2MnCl4 (n = 10) was successfully synthesized, and high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) was carried out. Then, the underlying mechanism was determined by combining infrared (IR) spectroscopy and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The colossal reversible BCE and the very small hysteresis of 2.6 K (0.1 K/min) and 4.0 K (1 K/min) are closely related to the specific hybrid organic–inorganic structure and single-crystal nature. The drastic transformation of organic chains confined to the metallic frame from ordered rigidity to disordered flexibility is responsible for the large phase-transition entropy comparable to the melting entropy of organic chains. This study provides new insights into the design of novel barocaloric materials by utilizing the advantages of specific organic–inorganic hybrid characteristics.
Nanoscale limit of the thermal conductivity in crystalline silicon carbide membranes, nanowires, and phononic crystals
Authors: Anufriev Roman , Wu Yunhui , Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Nomura Masahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) aims to be the number one material for power microelectronics due to its remarkable thermal properties. Recent progress in SiC technology finally enabled the fabrication of crystalline SiC nanostructures. Yet, the thermal properties of SiC at the nanoscale remain overlooked. Here, we systematically study heat conduction in SiC nanostructures, including nanomembranes, nanowires, and phononic crystals. Our measurements show that the thermal conductivity of nanostructures is several times lower than that in bulk and that the values scale proportionally to the narrowest dimension of the structures. In the smallest nanostructures, the thermal conductivity reached 10% of that in bulk. To better understand nanoscale thermal transport in SiC, we also probed phonon mean free path and coherent heat conduction in the nanostructures. Our theoretical model links the observed suppression of heat conduction with the surface phonon scattering, which limits the phonon mean free path and thus reduces the thermal conductivity. This work uncovers thermal characteristics of SiC nanostructures and explains their origin, thus enabling realistic thermal engineering in SiC microelectronics.