bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐function analysis for the development of peptide inhibitors for a Gram‐positive quorum sensing system
Authors: Abdullah Iman Tajer , Ulijasz Andrew T. , Girija Umakhanth Venkatraman , Tam Sien , Andrew Peter , Hiller Natalia Luisa , Wallis Russell , Yesilkaya Hasan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Streptococcus pneumoniae Rgg144/SHP144 regulator‐peptide quorum sensing (QS) system is critical for nutrient utilization, oxidative stress response, and virulence. Here, we characterized this system by assessing the importance of each residue within the active short hydrophobic peptide (SHP) by alanine‐scanning mutagenesis and testing the resulting peptides for receptor binding and activation of the receptor. Interestingly, several of the mutations had little effect on binding to Rgg144 but reduced transcriptional activation appreciably. In particular, a proline substitution (P21A) reduced transcriptional activation by 29‐fold but bound with a 3‐fold higher affinity than the wild‐type SHP. Consistent with the function of Rgg144, the mutant peptide led to decreased utilization of mannose and increased susceptibility to superoxide generator paraquat. Pangenome comparison showed full conservation of P21 across SHP144 allelic variants. Crystallization of Rgg144 in the absence of peptide revealed a comparable structure to the DNA bound and free forms of its homologs suggesting similar mechanisms of activation. Together, these analyses identify key interactions in a critical pneumococcal QS system. Further manipulation of the SHP has the potential to facilitate the development of inhibitors that are functional across strains. The approach described here is likely to be effective across QS systems in multiple species.
‘That still goes on, doesn't it, in their religion?’ British values, Islam and vernacular discourse
Authors: Marsden Lee , Jarvis Lee , Atakav Eylem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores ‘everyday’ or ‘vernacular’ conceptions of Muslims, Islam and their relationship to ‘British values’. Drawing on original data from focus groups in the East of England, it argues that the relationship is typically constructed around a series of binary pairings. Where Islam is held to be traditional, conservative, pious and outmoded, British values are seen as progressive, liberal, secular and modern. This opposition matters for three reasons. First, it is a contingent construction rather than reflection of realities; one that draws upon Orientalist tropes and militates against alternative ways of imagining this relationship. Second, it does important work at the vernacular level in explaining political dynamics, especially successful integration (because of British liberalism) and the failure thereof (because of Islam's traditionalism). Third, its predication on an essentialised claim of difference inflects even competing efforts to story the British values/Islam relationship which tend, we suggest, to reinforce the positioning of Muslims and their values as somehow beyond or external to Britishness.
Visual identifier systems for patients with cognitive impairment in healthcare settings: A survey of practice in UK hospitals
Authors: Kuberska Karolina , Dixon‐Woods Mary , Martin Graham ,   The DA VINCI Contributor Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment form a substantial proportion of patients admitted to hospitals, but problems in their care are persistent. One widely proposed improvement approach involves the use of systems using visual identifiers to help staff quickly recognise people with suspected dementia, with the goal of supporting more personalised care. The aim of this paper is to identify the identifier systems in use and staff perceptions of their strengths and weaknesses.MethodsWe undertook an online survey of staff providing care for people with dementia in acute and mental health hospitals across the United Kingdom. The questionnaire covered different types of visual identifier systems for dementia. It used categorical and open‐response questions to access staff views of their use in practice. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the Framework approach for free‐text answers.Results162 responses were received from staff in at least 48 hospitals. Of these, 128 had direct experience of using visual identifier systems. They reported that multiple identifier systems are in use, including schemes with national scope and locally developed approaches. Most respondents reported that more than one system is in use in their hospital. Different types of identifier were seen to have different strengths and weaknesses. Respondents had a broadly positive view of identifiers, but highlighted risks including lack of reliable and consistent use (linked to competing pressures on staff time), lack of staff training, uncertainty about patient and family views, and unclear consent processes.ConclusionsOur study suggests that a wide range of identifier systems is in use in UK hospitals, with many hospitals using more than one. Further consideration should be given to ensuring that multiple perspectives—including those of patients and carers—are drawn on in optimising their design, resolving ethical issues and supporting implementation.
Severe atopic dermatitis in a 21‐month‐old boy successfully treated with dupilumab
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Lobo Yolanka , Levitt David , Wheller Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile dupilumab has emerged as a novel targeted systemic treatment for severe AD, efficacy and safety‐based data in young children are limited. We discuss the case of a 21‐month‐old child with severe recalcitrant atopic dermatitis successfully treated with dupilumab.
Our evolution in the treatment of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: Success with catheter‐directed therapies
Authors: Moreno Nicolas F. , Hernandez Jose Alberto , Huang Chun‐Sing , Desai Moreshwar S. , Haug Allison B. , Cleveland Heather , Upton Ashley , Koohmaraie Sarah , Goss Matthew B. , Leung Daniel H. , Banc‐Husu Anna M. , Justino Henri , Goss John A. , Galvan Nhu Thao. N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric liver transplant recipients, hepatic artery thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis are major causes of acute graft failure and mortality within 30 days of transplantation. There is, however, a strong possibility of graft salvage if flow can be re‐established to reduce ischemic injury. The current standard treatment is surgical revascularization, and if unsuccessful, retransplantation. Due to our success in treating these complications with catheter‐directed therapies, we sought to summarize and publish the outcomes of all patients who experienced hepatic artery thrombosis or portal vein thrombosis within 30 days of liver transplantation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 27 pediatric liver transplant recipients who experienced hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 13), portal vein thrombosis (n = 9), or both (n = 5) between September 2012 and March 2021. We collected and tabulated data on the patients and therapies performed to treat them, including success rates, primary and secondary patency, and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong these patients, 6 were managed with anticoagulation and relisting for transplant and 21 had a primary revascularization attempt. Surgical recanalization was attempted in 7 patients of which 3 had successful recanalization (43%) and catheter‐directed recanalization was attempted in 14 patients with 100% success in re‐establishing blood flow to the graft. Additionally, patency was increased, and mortality was decreased in patients treated with catheter‐directed recanalization compared to surgical revascularization or anticoagulation alone.ConclusionThis data illustrates the need to further investigate catheter‐directed thrombolysis as a potential first‐line treatment for postoperative HAT and PVT in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
DTH8 overexpression induces early flowering, boosts yield, and improves stress recovery in rice cv IR64
Authors: Mishra Manjari , Rathore Ray Singh , Joshi Rohit , Pareek Ashwani , Singla‐Pareek Sneh Lata 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRice yield and heading date are the two discrete traits controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Both traits are influenced by the genetic make‐up of the plant as well as the environmental factors where it thrives. Drought and salinity adversely affect crop productivity in many parts of the world. Tolerance to these stresses is multigenic and complex in nature. In this study, we have characterized a QTL, DTH8 (days to heading) from Oryza sativa L. cv IR64 that encodes a putative HAP3/NF‐YB/CBF subunit of CCAAT‐box binding protein (HAP complex). We demonstrate DTH8 to be positively influencing the yield, heading date, and stress tolerance in IR64. DTH8 up‐regulates the transcription of RFT1, Hd3a, GHD7, MOC1, and RCN1 in IR64 at the pre‐flowering stage and plays a role in early flowering, increased number of tillers, enhanced panicle branching, and improved tolerance towards drought and salinity stress at the reproductive stage. The presence of DTH8 binding elements (CCAAT) in the promoter regions of all of these genes, predicted by in silico analysis of the promoter region, indicates the regulation of their expression by DTH8. In addition, DTH8 overexpressing transgenic lines showed favorable physiological parameters causing less yield penalty under stress than the WT plants. Taken together, DTH8 is a positive regulator of the network of genes related to early flowering/heading, higher yield, as well as salinity and drought stress tolerance, thus, enabling the crops to adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions.
Comparison of Rapid Cognitive Screen against Montreal Cognitive Assessment in screening for cognitive impairment in the old and old‐old
Authors: Chen Matthew Zhixuan , Chan Yiong Huak , Wong Michael Wai Kit , Merchant Reshma Aziz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was developed as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Given the need for a rapid screening test in settings such as primary care, we compare the validity of the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) against the MoCA, and determine cut‐off scores in the old and old‐old.MethodsCross‐sectional study involving community‐dwelling ‘old’ (65 to 79 years old) and ‘old‐old’ (≥ 80 years old) without dementia. Cognitive impairment was defined by MoCA score 17 to 22. Validation was done using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (Sn), and specificity (Sp).ResultsOf the 183 participants (mean age 72.1 ± 5.2 years),15.8% (n = 29) were classified as cognitively impaired. The overall ROC curve had an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.90, P < 0.01) with an optimal cut‐off of 7/8 on RCS (Sn 0.77, Sp 0.72). The ‘old’ and ‘old‐old’ group had AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.74–0.91, P < 0.01) with 8/9 as optimal cut‐off (Sn 0.51, Sp 0.96) and AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.66–1.03, P < 0.01) with 7/8 as optimal cut‐off (Sn 0.71, Sp 1.00) respectively. In multivariate analysis, age was associated with 0.05 (95% CI ‐0.10‐0.00, P < 0.04) point decrement, while >6 years of education was associated with 0.82 (95% CI 0.32–1.33, P < 0.01) point increment in RCS scores.ConclusionThe three‐item RCS is quick and easy to administer. Although RCS met the criterion for good validity against MoCA in predicting cognitive impairment, its utility as a first‐line screening tool needs to be further validated in a large‐scale population study.
PubMed Text Data Mining Automation for Biological Validation on Lists of Genes and Pathways
Authors: Nies Hui Wen , Zakaria Zalmiyah , Chan Weng Howe , Kamsani Izyan Izzati , Hasan Nor Shahida 
Published: May 2022

Abstract — A prognostic cancer marker is helpful in oncology to identify the abnormal cancer cells from the collected sample. This marker can be used as an indicator to determine a disease outcome, cancer treatment, and drug discovery. Identifying cancer markers is also beneficial to improve cancer patients’ survival rate in receiving the treatment decision-making. Cancer markers can be determined by testing every gene or pathway in the wet lab manually or using the text mining automation method. The use of text mining techniques effectively investigates hidden information and gathers new knowledge from many existing sources. Unfortunately, querying relevant text to excavate important information is a challenging task. PubMed text data mining is one of the applications that help explore potential cancer markers as the trend of scientific articles in PubMed is steadily increased. Besides, it can support biologists to concentrate on the identified small set of genes or pathways. PubMed identifiers (PMIDs) are then obtained as evidence to ascertain the relationship between diseases and genes (or pathways) used as biological validation. Thus, this technique can discover the biological relationship between disease and genes or pathways. Therefore, the PubMed text data mining automation is invented to link to the websites for saving time instead of manually.
Keywords — PubMed, text data mining, biological validation, cancer markers, diseases, genes, pathways.
A Systematic Literature Review of Failure Prediction in Production Environment Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Majid Hanafi , Anuar Syahid 
Published: May 2022

Context: Process continuity is one of the fundamental quality attributes of a production environment. The accurate prediction of a process failure is a significant challenge for the effective management of the production delivery process.
Objective: The primary aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of studies related to the prediction of failure of production environment using machine learning techniques. Several research questions are identified and investigated in this review, with the goal of providing a comprehensive summary, analyses, and discuss variously viewpoints concerning failure prediction measurements, datasets, metrics, measures of evaluation, individual models and also with the ensemble models.
Method: The study employs the usual systematic literature review methodology and is limited to the most widely used digital database libraries for computer science from January 2016 to May 2021.
Results: We examine 40 relevant research published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. The findings indicate that there is just a small amount of activity in the region of the production environment using failure prediction compared with other service quality attributes. SVM, RF, DT, LR, and LSTM were the most commonly used ML techniques employed in the selected primary studies, and the most accurate is the prediction model using ANN. The majority of studies concentrated on regression problems and used supervised kinds of machine learning. Individual and ensemble prediction models were used in the majority of investigations, with the number of studies using each type being nearly equal.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this comprehensive literature analysis, ensemble models outperformed individual models in terms of accuracy prediction and have been found to be helpful models for predicting the fault or unexpected events. However, their use is rather infrequent, and there is a pressing need to put these and other models to use in the real world to a large number of datasets with a diverse collection of datasets in order to improve the accuracy and consistency of the findings.
Rho‐kinase inhibition improves haemodynamic responses and circulating ATP during hypoxia and moderate intensity handgrip exercise in healthy older adults
Authors: Racine Matthew L. , Terwoord Janée D. , Ketelhut Nathaniel B. , Bachman Nate P. , Richards Jennifer C. , Luckasen Gary J. , Dinenno Frank A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle haemodynamics and circulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) responses during hypoxia and exercise are blunted in older (OA) vs. young (YA) adults, which may be associated with impaired red blood cell (RBC) ATP release. Rho‐kinase inhibition improves deoxygenation‐induced ATP release from OA isolated RBCs. We tested the hypothesis that Rho‐kinase inhibition (via fasudil) in vivo would improve local haemodynamic and ATP responses during hypoxia and exercise in OA. Healthy YA (25 ± 3 years; n = 12) and OA (65 ± 5 years; n = 13) participated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study on two days (≥5 days between visits). A forearm deep venous catheter was used to administer saline/fasudil and sample venous plasma ATP ([ATP]V). Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) and [ATP]V were measured at rest, during isocapnic hypoxia (80% ), and during graded rhythmic handgrip exercise that was similar between groups (5, 15 and 25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)). Isolated RBC ATP release was measured during normoxia/hypoxia. With saline, ΔFVC was lower (P < 0.05) in OA vs. YA during hypoxia (∼60%) and during 15 and 25% MVC (∼25–30%), and these impairments were abolished with fasudil. Similarly, [ATP]V and ATP effluent responses from normoxia to hypoxia and rest to 25% MVC were lower in OA vs. YA and improved with fasudil (P < 0.05). Isolated RBC ATP release during hypoxia was impaired in OA vs. YA (∼75%; P < 0.05), which tended to improve with fasudil in OA (P = 0.082). These data suggest Rho‐kinase inhibition improves haemodynamic responses to hypoxia and moderate intensity exercise in OA, which may be due in part to improved circulating ATP.
imageKey points
Skeletal muscle blood flow responses to hypoxia and exercise are impaired with age. Blunted increases in circulating ATP, a vasodilator, in older adults may contribute to age‐related impairments in haemodynamics.
Red blood cells (RBCs) are a primary source of circulating ATP, and treating isolated RBCs with a Rho‐kinase inhibitor improves age‐related impairments in deoxygenation‐induced RBC ATP release.
In this study, treating healthy older adults systemically with the Rho‐kinase inhibitor fasudil improved blood flow and circulating ATP responses during hypoxia and moderate intensity handgrip exercise compared to young adults, and also tended to improve isolated RBC ATP release.
Improved blood flow regulation with fasudil was also associated with increased skeletal muscle oxygen delivery during hypoxia and exercise in older adults.
This is the first study to demonstrate that Rho‐kinase inhibition can significantly improve age‐related impairments in haemodynamic and circulating ATP responses to physiological stimuli, which may have therapeutic implications.
Numerical Analysis of Water Jet Injection in the Draft Tube of a Francis Turbine at Part Load Operations
Authors: Khullar Subodh , Singh Krishna M. , Cervantes Michel J. , Gandhi Bhupendra K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The off-design operation of Francis turbines results in the onset of flow instabilities. These instabilities lead to severe pressure pulsations, power swings, fatigue damage, and torque fluctuations in the turbine unit. Axial water jet injection in the draft tube is a relatively recent method proposed to reduce the detrimental effects of flow instabilities on turbine performance. However, its efficacy at different operating points needs to be ascertained before implementing in actual prototype turbines. This work reports the findings of numerical investigations performed with water injection at three different part-load conditions. These operating points represent distinct flow regimes in the draft tube. The effect of water injection on the velocity and pressure fields in the draft tube is investigated. The results indicate that the water jet strongly influences the turbine performance at part-loads involving a precessing vortex rope. However, little influence of water jet is observed at deep part-load operation. The interaction of the jet with the draft tube bend is also investigated. The results show that the amount of water jet needs to be cautiously controlled as higher water jet injection impacting the bend may deteriorate the performance. The influence of water jet injection on the pressure recovery, power output, and efficiency of the turbine unit is also reported.
Prefrontal Cortex Brain Activation During Texting and Walking: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Feasibility Study
Authors: Krasovsky Tal , Madi Rawda , Fruchter Eyal , Jahjah Elias , Holtzer Roee 
Published: May 2022

Texting while walking is an increasingly common, potentially dangerous task but its functional brain correlates have yet to be reported. Therefore, we evaluated prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation patterns during single- and dual-task texting and walking in healthy adults. Thirteen participants (29–49 years) walked under single- and dual-task conditions involving mobile phone texting or a serial-7s subtraction task, while measuring PFC activation (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) and behavioral task performance (inertial sensors, mobile application). Head lowering during texting increased PFC activation. Texting further increased PFC activation, and decreased gait performance similarly to serial-7 subtraction. Our results support the key role of executive control in texting while walking.
Abstract A038: Does mutation rate of cancer cells change as the stage of the disease advances?
Authors: Neinavaie Fargam , Kramer Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tumorigenesis begins with cells that have normal mutation rates. As the cells become immortal and accumulate different numbers of mutations along the way, current literature splits in two describing if and how mutation rates increase as the cancer progresses. Some argue that as the mutation rates are small (mutation rate in healthy cells is per nucleotide site per cell division) and malignant cells are loaded with thousands of different types of mutations, they must have acquired a mutator phenotype early in their development. Others argue that immortality of malignant cells, and their rate of proliferation is responsible for their genetic instability and number of mutations observed in their genome. We conduct a review of the literature with the key words “mutation rate” and “cancer” in their title. We review 123 papers and found that description of mutation rates varied in the published work. This leads to estimates of mutation rates in cancer from per nucleotide site per cell division. Some of this variation in mutational rates arises across different organs of the body, for instance liver cells have a higher mutation rate than heart and brain. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy influence mutation rate, and mutation rate of drug and multidrug resistance cancer cell is higher than newly diagnosed cancer cells. Further, mutation rate is defined differently in different literature, some papers measure the mutation rate in a population or a gene, some calculate it per base pair, genome, or mitosis. Here we provide a comprehensive picture of published mutation rates across different cancer types in order to inform cancer models and treatment plans for individual patients. We propose a unified framework for discussing and reporting mutation rate of cancer cells and formulations on how to switch between definitions.
Citation Format: Fargam Neinavaie, Andrew Kramer. Does mutation rate of cancer cells change as the stage of the disease advances? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A038.