bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms associated with the trajectory of depressive and anxiety symptoms: A linear mixed-effects model during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ebrahimi Omid V. , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the fluctuations in anxious and depressive symptomatology accompanied by the pandemic crises, studies on the trajectories of these symptom domains are warranted to monitor the development of mental health problems in the population. This pre-registered longitudinal study examines stable factors and mechanistic processes covarying with the trajectory of anxiety and depressive symptoms using linear-mixed effects models in 4936 adults from the pandemic’s onset to four months into the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Prevalence estimates of moderate to severe levels of clinically impairing symptoms of anxiety and depression revealed high but reduced occurrence four months into the pandemic where social distancing protocols were substantially lightened in severity, revealing associations between symptoms and viral mitigation protocols after stringent control of plausible confounders. Subgroups at risk at the onset of the pandemic sustained their relative position compared to their counterparts four months into the pandemic, indicating prolonged suffering of these subgroups. Among mechanistic processes, key differences were identified regarding the trajectory of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Physical exercise was associated with long-term but not momentaneous alleviations in anxiety. In contrast, reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with both the simultaneous exertion as well as dose-increases in exercise over time. Increased knowledge about how to best cope with pandemic challenges was associated with greater improvement in depressive but not anxiety symptoms. Reductions in maladaptive coping strategies and negative metacognitive beliefs was substantially associated with greater improvement of both anxious and depressive symptomatology. Mechanistic processes divergently relate to the trajectory of depressive and anxious symptomatology, yielding domain-specific information of utility for preventive and interventive efforts aimed at impeding deleterious symptom levels.
Human Brain Organoids and Consciousness
Authors: Niikawa Takuya , Hayashi Yoshiyuki , Shepherd Joshua , Sawai Tsutomu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a methodological schema for engaging in a productive discussion of ethical issues regarding human brain organoids (HBOs), which are three-dimensional cortical neural tissues created using human pluripotent stem cells. Although moral consideration of HBOs significantly involves the possibility that they have consciousness, there is no widely accepted procedure to determine whether HBOs are conscious. Given that this is the case, it has been argued that we should adopt a precautionary principle about consciousness according to which, if we are not certain whether HBOs have consciousness—and where treating HBOs as not having consciousness may cause harm to them—we should proceed as if theydohave consciousness. This article emphasizes a methodological advantage of adopting the precautionary principle: it enables us to sidestep the question of whether HBOs have consciousness (the whether-question) and, instead, directly address the question of what kinds of conscious experiences HBOs can have(the what-kind-question), where the what-kind-question is more tractable than the whether-question. By addressing the what-kind-question (and, in particular, the question of what kinds ofvalencedexperiences HBOs can have), we will be able to examine how much moral consideration HBOs deserve. With this in mind, this article confronts the what-kind-question with the assistance of experimental studies of consciousness and suggests an ethical framework which supports restricting the creation and use of HBOs in bioscience.
Median-Type John–Nirenberg Space in Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Myyryläinen Kim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the so-called John–Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of bounded mean oscillation in the setting of metric measure spaces with a doubling measure. Our main results are local and global John–Nirenberg inequalities, which give weak-type estimates for the oscillation of a function. We consider medians instead of integral averages throughout, and thus functions are not a priori assumed to be locally integrable. Our arguments are based on a Calderón–Zygmund decomposition and a good-$$\lambda $$
λ
inequality for medians. A John–Nirenberg inequality up to the boundary is proven by using chaining arguments. As a consequence, the integral-type and the median-type John–Nirenberg spaces coincide under a Boman-type chaining assumption.
Complex fermatean fuzzy N-soft sets: a new hybrid model with applications
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Amjad Umaira , Alcantud José Carlos R. , Santos-García Gustavo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDecision-making methods play an important role in the real-life of human beings and consist of choosing the best options from a set of possible choices. This paper proposes the notion of complex Fermatean fuzzy N-soft set ($$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

S) which, by means of ranking parameters, is capable of handling two-dimensional information related to the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction implicit in the nature of human decisions. We define the fundamental set-theoretic operations of $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

S and elaborate the $$\hbox {CFFS}_f$$

CFFS
f

S associated with threshold. The algebraic and Yager operations on $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

numbers are also defined. Several algorithms are proposed to demonstrate the applicability of $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

S to multi-attribute decision making. The advanced algorithms are described and accomplished by several numerical examples. Then, a comparative study manifests the validity, feasibility, and reliability of the proposed model. This method is compared with the Fermatean fuzzy Yager weighted geometric ($$\hbox {FFY}_w$$

FFY
w

G) and the Fermatean fuzzy Yager weighted average ($$\hbox {FFY}_w$$

FFY
w

A) operators. Further, we developed a remarkable $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

-TOPSIS approach by applying innovative $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

weighted average operator and distance measure. The presented technique is fantastically designed for the classification of the most favorable alternative by examining the closeness of all available choices from particular ideal solutions. Afterward, we demonstrate the amenability of the initiated approach by analyzing its tremendous potential to select the best city in the USA for farming. An integrated comparative analysis with existing Fermatean fuzzy TOPSIS technique is rendered to certify the terrific capability of the established approach. Further, we decisively investigate the rationality and reliability of the presented $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

S and $$\hbox {CFFNS}_f$$

CFFNS
f

-TOPSIS approach by highlighting its advantages over the existent models and TOPSIS approaches. Finally, we holistically describe the conclusion of the whole work.
Strain Hardening and Adiabatic Heating of Stainless Steels After a Sudden Increase of Strain Rate
Authors: Vázquez‑Fernández N. I. , Isakov M. , Hokka M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the strain hardening and adiabatic heating of two stainless steels after a sudden increase of strain rate. Tensile tests were performed where the strain rate was rapidly increased from ~ 10–4 s−1 to 1.3 × 103 s−1. Synchronized full field strain and temperature measurements were carried out with Digital Image Correlation and Infrared Thermography to analyze the materials behavior immediately after the strain rate jump. The results show that the temperature increases gradually while the strain hardening rate drops immediately after the strain rate jump. The temperature increase due to adiabatic heating does not seem to explain the drop in the strain hardening rate, thus the strain rate seems to have a direct effect on the strain hardening rate of the studied steels.
Applying Behavioural Insights to Public Policy: An Example From Rotterdam
Authors: Dewies Malte , Denktaş Semiha , Giel Lisenne , Noordzij Gera , Merkelbach Inge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWorldwide, scholars and public institutions are embracing behavioural insights to improve public policy. Multiple frameworks exist to describe the integration of behavioural insights into policy, and behavioural insights teams (BITs) have specialised in this. Yet, it often remains unclear how these frameworks can be applied and by whom. Here, we describe and discuss a comprehensive framework that describes who does what and when to integrate behavioural insights into policy. The framework is informed by relevant literature, theorising, and experience with one BIT, the Behavioural Insights Group Rotterdam. We discuss how the framework helps to overcome some challenges associated with integrating behavioural insights into policy (an overreliance on randomised control trials, a limited understanding of context, threats to good scientific practice, and bounded rationality of individuals applying behavioural insights).
Competition between intra-protein charge recombination and electron transfer outside photosystem I complexes used for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Goyal Alice , Szewczyk Sebastian , Burdziński Gotard , Abram Mateusz , Kargul Joanna , Gibasiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) complexes isolated from three different species were electrodeposited on FTO conducting glass, forming a photoactive multilayer of the photo-electrode, for investigation of intricate electron transfer (ET) properties in such green hybrid nanosystems. The internal quantum efficiency of photo-electrochemical cells (PEC) containing the PSI-based photo-electrodes did not exceed ~ 0.5%. To reveal the reason for such a low efficiency of photocurrent generation, the temporal evolution of the transient concentration of the photo-oxidized primary electron donor, P+, was studied in aqueous suspensions of the PSI complexes by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. The results of these measurements provided the information on: (1) completeness of charge separation in PSI reaction centers (RCs), (2) dynamics of internal charge recombination, and (3) efficiency of electron transfer from PSI to the electrolyte, which is the reaction competing with the internal charge recombination in the PSI RC. The efficiency of the full charge separation in the PSI complexes used for functionalization of the electrodes was ~ 90%, indicating that incomplete charge separation was not the main reason for the small yield of photocurrents. For the PSI particles isolated from a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the probability of ET outside PSI was ~ 30–40%, whereas for their counterparts isolated from a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and a red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, it represented a mere ~ 4%. We conclude from the transient absorption data for the PSI biocatalysts in solution that the observed small photocurrent efficiency of ~ 0.5% for all the PECs analyzed in this study is likely due to: (1) limited efficiency of ET outside PSI, particularly in the case of PECs based on PSI from Synechocystis and C. merolae, and (2) the electrolyte-mediated electric short-circuiting in PSI particles forming the photoactive layer, particularly in the case of the C. reinhardtii PEC.
Graphical abstract
Acoustic measurement of under-expanded jet and its numerical prediction
Authors: Kang S. , Park T. , Joo H. , Im S. , Jang I. , Ohm W. , Shin S.-J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntense acoustic loads from jet noise cause noise pollution and induce failures, such as the malfunctioning of electronic devices and fatigue failure of internal/external structures. Consequently, the prediction of jet noise characteristics is crucial in the development of high-speed vehicles. This study presents acoustic experiments and predictions for an under-expanded, unheated jet using a small-scale prototype. Outdoor measurements are carried out using a vertical ejection setup. Acoustic characteristics are measured using both linear and circular microphone arrays. Additionally, numerical prediction of the same jet noise is performed using a detached eddy simulation and the permeable Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings acoustic analogy. The vertical experimental setup exhibits the typical acoustic characteristics of a supersonic jet in terms of directivity and broadband shock-associated noise. Moreover, the numerical prediction exhibits satisfactory accuracy for the jet downstream, where the large-scale turbulence structures of the directivity predominate. However, discrepancy increases in the domain of lower directivity. The presented experiment and prediction will be extended to future studies regarding the noise of various deflector duct configurations impinging on supersonic jets.
Re-orienting transdisciplinary research and community-based participatory research for health equity
Authors: Hohl Sarah D. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Thompson Beti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Transdisciplinary (TD) research and community-based participatory research (CBPR) represent promising investigative approaches to ameliorate health disparities. Public investments in team-based TD research to address multifactorial public health problems have increased over the last two decades. Similarly, recognition that community participation in research and social action is essential to promoting health equity is reflected in increased prioritization of community engagement in research and practice. Yet, models that describe and guide the combined TD and CBPR approach are lacking.

Methods:
We utilized a qualitative, convergent parallel case study design that included document reviews and one-on-one interviews to assess how investigators from the Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) initiative integrated TD team science and CBPR in their work, and what they perceived as the impact of that work on health equity.

Results:
Twenty-five CPHHD investigators and National Institutes of Health program staff participated in a one-on-one interview. Document and interview data informed the development of an iterative conceptual model of TD CBPR comprising five domains: problem focus, contexts, collaboration and partnership, outcomes, and societal impact of TD CBPR.

Conclusions:
TD team science and CBPR are integrally related; combining principles of both can facilitate more efficient, equitable progress toward team outcomes, improved population health, and increased health equity. This model could assist researchers and public health practitioners in designing community-relevant, scientifically rigorous research with practical implications for improving health and quality of life among marginalized populations.
Nurturing a “Great Social Organism”: School Hygiene, Body Politics, and the State in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Fumurescu Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy the end of the nineteenth century, social hygiene was a topic of great importance for states experiencing fears of national degeneration. The health of children was of particular concern, as it was thought to reflect the future health of the nation. Although this prompted nation-states like France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States to develop intricate theories about the prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses, it was imperial Russia that became an unacknowledged trailblazer in the institutionalization and implementation of school hygiene measures. As this article will show, autocratic Russia's institutions and ideology allowed the tsarist state to surpass its Western neighbors in the drawing up and application of school hygiene measures.
SUBCOMPACT CARDINALS, TYPE OMISSION, AND LADDER SYSTEMS
Authors: HAYUT YAIR , MAGIDOR MENACHEM 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe provide a model theoretical and tree property-like characterization of
$\lambda $
-
$\Pi ^1_1$
-subcompactness and supercompactness. We explore the behavior of these combinatorial principles at accessible cardinals.
State Socialism and the Rural Household: How Women's Handloom Weaving (and Pig-Raising, Firewood-Gathering, Food-Scavenging) Subsidized Chinese Accumulation
Authors: Eyferth Jacob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMassive, rapid capital accumulation is usually associated with capitalist development, but historically, socialist states were among the most aggressive accumulators. Accumulation in Maoist China was faster than even in Stalin's Soviet Union, despite the fact that China was a much poorer country with fewer natural resources. China's accumulation rate, defined as the ratio of gross capital formation to gross national income, reached twenty-five to thirty per cent in 1957–1962, peaking at forty-four per cent in 1958. This level proved to be unsustainable, but after a slowdown in the early 1960s, the rate rose back to thirty-six percent.1 As is well known, the cost of China's rapid industrialization was borne mostly by its rural population.2 My aim in this chapter is to show that it was disproportionally borne by rural women, who contributed to socialist accumulation in direct and indirect ways: directly, as collective farmers, growers of the grain, cotton, soy, tea, sugarcane, etc. that fueled industrialization; and indirectly, by biologically, socially, and materially reproducing the country's labor force and by submitting to a regime of extreme austerity that allowed the government to extract scarce resources and direct them to the cities and the export trade. My argument proceeds in three steps. I will begin with an overview of socialist primitive accumulation under Mao, its preconditions and mechanisms, and the ways it replicated earlier Soviet policies or diverged from them. Next, I will discuss the various ways in which rural women's work underpinned capital accumulation and laid the foundation for China's rapid industrialization in the years since Mao's death. Finally, I will look in some detail at rural women's work at home, to show how their self-exploitation, overwork, and underconsumption in the domestic realm created the conditions for accumulation. My focus is on cotton work – both cotton cultivation and domestic cloth production – but I will also look at other ways in which domestic work supported accumulation.
Fostering a Constructive Intra-African Legal Dialogue in Post-Colonial Africa
Authors: Fombad Charles Manga 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe contention of this article is that there is a need to debunk the myth that the diversity of Africa's inherited legal systems means that the continent has little to contribute to the global legal dialogue. For Africa to make an effective contribution to global legal dialogue, there is a need for serious intra-African legal dialogue. The article focuses on sub-Saharan countries and provides an overview of the numerous legal traditions that were imposed on them at independence. It then looks at the global legal dialogue within which the global south is marginalized. Thereafter, the article discusses the ways in which an intra-African trans-systemic dialogue can be promoted. The main argument of the article is that such a dialogue is likely to provide the critical understanding necessary to pave the way for closer collaboration between African countries in their efforts to develop legal values, principles and institutions that are better suited to addressing the continent's complex and multifaceted problems.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Riana Elizabeth , Arnuphapprasert Apinya , Narapakdeesakul Duriyang , Ngamprasertwong Thongchai , Wangthongchaicharoen Monsicha , Soisook Pipat , Bhodhibundit Phanaschakorn , Kaewthamasorn Morakot 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The vast majority of trypanosome species is vector-borne parasites, with some of them being medically and veterinary important (such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei) and capable of causing serious illness in vertebrate hosts. The discovery of trypanosomes in bats emphasizes the importance of bats as an important reservoir. Interestingly, there is a hypothesis that bats are ancestral hosts of T. cruzi. Trypanosome diversity has never been investigated in bats in Thailand, despite being in a biodiversity hot spot. To gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolutionary relationship of trypanosomes, polymerase chain reaction-based surveys were carried out from 2018 to 2020 in 17 sites. A total of 576 bats were captured, representing 23 species. A total of 38 (6.6%) positive samples was detected in ten bat species. Trypanosoma dionisii and Trypanosoma noyesi were identified from Myotis siligorensis and Megaderma spasma, respectively. The remaining 18S rRNA sequences of trypanosomes were related to other trypanosomes previously reported elsewhere. The sequences in the current study showed nucleotide identity as low as 90.74% compared to those of trypanosomes in the GenBank database, indicating the possibility of new species. All bat trypanosomes identified in the current study fall within the T. cruzi clade. The current study adds to evidence linking T. noyesi to a bat trypanosome and further supports the bat host origin of the T. cruzi clade. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study on bat trypanosomes in Thailand and their phylogenetic relationships with global isolates.
Similarity in ixodid tick communities harboured by wildlife and livestock in the Albany Thicket Biome of South Africa
Authors: Horak Ivan G. , Junker Kerstin , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
South Africa has a diverse fauna of ixodid tick species, several of which are of medical or veterinary importance. Elucidation of which host or environmental characteristics determine the composition and abundance of tick assemblages is, therefore, highly relevant to disease management and wildlife conservation efforts. Here, we analysed the similarity in ixodid tick assemblages of three wildlife and three livestock species in a natural (Great Fish River Reserve) and anthropogenic (an adjacent farm) habitat in South Africa. We compared tick infracommunities of three wild host species between the reserve and the farm; of three wild host species within the reserve and of wild and livestock species on the farm (considering body size). Hosts examined in this study harboured the adults and immature stages of 11 tick species belonging to five ixodid genera. Notably, several tick species of South African wildlife have successfully made the switch to livestock and thus both wild hosts and livestock now contribute to the pool of maintenance hosts for these ticks as well as their associated pathogens. This is an important consideration when translocating wildlife or livestock as part of farming or conservation activities.