bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using image‐based machine learning and numerical simulation to predict pesticide inline mixing uniformity
Authors: Dai Xiang , Xu Youlin , Song Haichao , Zheng Jiaqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccurate pesticide inline mixing uniformity (PIMU) evaluation for direct nozzle injection systems (DNIS) helps evaluate system performance and develop efficient inline mixers. Based on supervised machine learning (ML), inline mixing images and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are directly associated for realizing intelligent PIMU predictions.RESULTSImage sets can be reduced to less than 3% of the data size at the same time as retaining 98% of information using principal component analysis (PCA). The CFD results, as referenced values for ML, were justified by mixture sampling experiments. Enhanced images for the long‐mixing tube effectively trained models including generalized linear model (GLM), support vector regression (SVR), BP‐neural network (NNW), and classification and regression trees (CART). By testing the re‐collected images, the verification accuracy of GLM was less than 95% and it failed to recognize uniformity differences under varying working conditions, whereas NNW, CART and SVR realized it with an accuracy for NNW and CART higher than 97% and for SVR slightly lower than 97%. By testing images of the jet mixer, the prediction accuracy compared with the CFD results of NNW and CART was also higher than 97%, although that for SVR was relatively lower, and insignificant declines in accuracy were observed on comparing the results with mixture sampling experiments.CONCLUSIONPCA facilitates evaluations of CFD‐referenced PIMU using image‐based ML. Models trained by enhanced image sets of the long‐mixing tube have satisfactory performance. NNW and CART performed slightly better than SVR, and they can be used as tools to improve the rationality when evaluating PIMU in DNIS. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rural area and agricultural region revitalisation modelling
Authors: Zhu Kunyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComparing the per capita incomes of urban and rural households reveals a sizable income disparity in the latter, as well as an uneven distribution of income across China's regions. This article discusses and ranks the drivers that affect rural development. Among the most critical are farmer support factors, transportation infrastructure development, information and communication technology development, and rural entrepreneurship. The decline in the Engel coefficient, which reflects changes in welfare and income elasticity estimates of food demand, and income elasticity itself, indicates that food demand for Chinese farmers has become extremely inelastic. The ranking of China's regions in terms of per capita income growth shows that the intended policy of wealth equalisation of the country's population is being followed. The objective is to modernise agriculture and reduce regional disparities for China to achieve the status of a moderately developed country shortly, which will require state assistance. The emphasis is on farmer welfare, rural areas, and agriculture. In the face of massive population densities, regional disparities, and vast heterogeneous territory, the land consolidation practice is demonstrated in various regions as a platform and lever for rural life revitalisation. Rural tourism development is defined as a means of generating additional jobs and ensuring the long‐term viability of villages. The rural elite's decisive role in leading the agricultural sector's restructuring is emphasised. Central and local governments can use the results to strengthen the legislative framework, develop plans and programmes, and identify rural development models.
Engineering the Surface Properties of DNA Nanostructures by Tuning the Valency of Assembling Species for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Qian , Xia Jingruo , Yu Qingtao , Gu Pengcheng , Yuan Yue , Liu Ke , Huang Chaowang , Chen Chunfa , Guo Xiaolan , Qian Hang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled DNA nanostructures hold great potentials in biomedical applications. Nevertheless, the negatively charged DNA backbone and susceptivity to enzyme degradation pose challenges to this regard. Engineering the surface properties of DNA nanostructures by assembling DNA with guest molecules in magnesium‐free system is promising to solve these issues. In this study, the polyamines‐mediated DNA self‐assembly with an emphasis on the valency of polyamines is investigated. Both spermine, spermidine, and putrescine can assemble DNA tetrahedron under appropriate concentrations. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiencies vary with the polyamine valency. Compared with magnesium‐assembled DNA tetrahedron, polyamine‐assembled DNA tetrahedron exhibits higher cellular uptake efficiency and serum stability. Circular dichroism spectrum results indicate that polyamines induce DNA conformation slightly shifting from B form to A form. The improved performances of polyamine‐assembled DNA tetrahedrons under physiological settings are attributed to the surface properties that altered by guest molecules polyamine. The current study suggests that engineering the surface properties of DNA nanostructures by assembling them with guest cationic species is promising to further their biomedical applications.
The Effect of Infant Gastric Digestion on Human Maternal Milk Cells
Authors: Doerfler Rose , Melamed Jilian R. , Whitehead Kathryn A. 
Published: August 2022

ScopeHuman breast milk contains a variety of cell types that have potential roles in infant immunity and development. One challenge associates with defining the purpose(s) of milk cells in the infant is a poor understanding of the effect of digestion on cell fate.Methods and resultsThis study first demonstrates that milk cell death occurs after gastric digestion in mice. Then flow cytometry and RT‐PCR are used to understand the mechanism of human milk cell death and quantify live cell types before and after simulated gastric digestion. This study finds that digestion in simulated gastric fluid for 30 min reduces cell viability from 72% to 27%, with most cell death is caused by the acidic pH. The primary mechanism of cell death is caspase‐mediated apoptosis. The non‐cellular components of milk offer only mild protection against cell death from stomach acid.ConclusionsGastric digestion does not select for a specific resilient cell population to survive—most cell types die in equal proportions in the gastric environment. Taken together, these results provide a foundation with which to understand the fate of human breast milk cells in the infant's intestine and beyond.
Diallyl Trisulfide Prevents Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis by Regulating the Transcriptional Activation Function of KLF15 on PPARγ to Ameliorate Obesity
Authors: Hu Yanzhou , Xu Jia , Gao Ruxin , Xu Ye , Huangfu Bingxin , Asakiya Charles , Huang Xianghui , Zhang Feng , Huang Kunlun , He Xiaoyun , Luo Yunbo 
Published: August 2022

ScopeDiallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a bioactive compound in garlic. The anti‐obesity effect of garlic oil has been reported, but the role and mechanism of DATS in preventing obesity remain to be explored.Methods and resultsStudies with high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes are performed. The results show that DATS significantly reduces lipid accumulation and repairs disordered metabolism in vivo by restraining adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue. In cells, DATS plays different roles at different stages of adipocyte differentiation. Notably, DATS reduces lipid accumulation mainly by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis at the late stage. KLF15 is knocked down in 3T3‐L1 cells, which eliminate the inhibitory effect of DATS on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. The dual‐luciferase reporter and ChIP assays indicate that DATS can inhibit the transcriptional activation function of KLF15 on PPARγ by inhibiting the binding of KLF15 to PPARγ promoter. The function comparison of structural analogs and the intervention of dithiothreitol show that disulfide bond is crucial for DATS to work.ConclusionDATS prevents obesity by regulating the transcriptional activation function of KLF15 on PPARγ.
Deep learning–based 4D‐synthetic CTs from sparse‐view CBCTs for dose calculations in adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Thummerer Adrian , Seller Oria Carmen , Zaffino Paolo , Visser Sabine , Meijers Arturs , Guterres Marmitt Gabriel , Wijsman Robin , Seco Joao , Langendijk Johannes Albertus , Knopf Antje Christin , Spadea Maria Francesca , Both Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTime‐resolved 4D cone beam–computed tomography (4D‐CBCT) allows a daily assessment of patient anatomy and respiratory motion. However, 4D‐CBCTs suffer from imaging artifacts that affect the CT number accuracy and prevent accurate proton dose calculations. Deep learning can be used to correct CT numbers and generate synthetic CTs (sCTs) that can enable CBCT‐based proton dose calculations.PurposeIn this work, sparse view 4D‐CBCTs were converted into 4D‐sCT utilizing a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). 4D‐sCTs were evaluated in terms of image quality and dosimetric accuracy to determine if accurate proton dose calculations for adaptive proton therapy workflows of lung cancer patients are feasible.MethodsA dataset of 45 thoracic cancer patients was utilized to train and evaluate a DCNN to generate 4D‐sCTs, based on sparse view 4D‐CBCTs reconstructed from projections acquired with a 3D acquisition protocol. Mean absolute error (MAE) and mean error were used as metrics to evaluate the image quality of single phases and average 4D‐sCTs against 4D‐CTs acquired on the same day. The dosimetric accuracy was checked globally (gamma analysis) and locally for target volumes and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) (lung, heart, and esophagus). Furthermore, 4D‐sCTs were also compared to 3D‐sCTs. To evaluate CT number accuracy, proton radiography simulations in 4D‐sCT and 4D‐CTs were compared in terms of range errors. The clinical suitability of 4D‐sCTs was demonstrated by performing a 4D dose reconstruction using patient specific treatment delivery log files and breathing signals.Results4D‐sCTs resulted in average MAEs of 48.1 ± 6.5 HU (single phase) and 37.7 ± 6.2 HU (average). The global dosimetric evaluation showed gamma pass ratios of 92.3% ± 3.2% (single phase) and 94.4% ± 2.1% (average). The clinical target volume showed high agreement in D98 between 4D‐CT and 4D‐sCT, with differences below 2.4% for all patients. Larger dose differences were observed in mean doses of OARs (up to 8.4%). The comparison with 3D‐sCTs showed no substantial image quality and dosimetric differences for the 4D‐sCT average. Individual 4D‐sCT phases showed slightly lower dosimetric accuracy. The range error evaluation revealed that lung tissues cause range errors about three times higher than the other tissues.ConclusionIn this study, we have investigated the accuracy of deep learning–based 4D‐sCTs for daily dose calculations in adaptive proton therapy. Despite image quality differences between 4D‐sCTs and 3D‐sCTs, comparable dosimetric accuracy was observed globally and locally. Further improvement of 3D and 4D lung sCTs could be achieved by increasing CT number accuracy in lung tissues.
Self‐reported bio‐psycho‐social factors partially distinguish rotator cuff tendinopathy from other shoulder problems and explain shoulder severity: A case‐control study
Authors: Delen Mehmet , Şendil Ateş , Kaux Jean‐François , Pedret Carles , Le Sant Guillaume , Pawson Jessica , Miller Stuart Charles , Birn‐Jeffery Aleksandra , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveExamine how rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy differed from other shoulder problems (OSP) by measuring a variety of self‐reported bio‐psycho‐social factors, and establish which explain severity.MethodsA validated online survey battery was used to collect self‐reported biopsychosocial variables in an international population. Diagnostic group and severity were the dependent variables. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were utilised to generate explanatory models for group differences and severity after group comparison and univariate regression analysis.Results82 people with RC tendinopathy (50 female, 42.8 ± 13.9 years) and 54 with OSP (33 female, 40.2 ± 14.1 years) were recruited. Both groups had comparable severity results (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index = 37.3 ± 24.5 vs. 33.7 ± 22.5). Seven factors individually differentiated RC tendinopathy from OSP. The multivariable model included 4 factors: activity effect on pain (OR(95%CI) = 2.24(1.02–4.90)), previous injury in the shoulder (OR(95% CI) = 0.30(0.13–0.69)), activity level (moderate OR(95% CI) = 3.97(1.29–12.18), high OR(95% CI) = 3.66(1.41–9.48)) and self‐efficacy (OR(95%CI) = 1.12(1.02–1.22)) demonstrating acceptable accuracy. The second multivariable model for RC tendinopathy severity included one demographic, three psychological and two biomedical variables (β(range) = 0.19–0.38) and explained 68% of the variance.ConclusionSelf‐reported bio‐psycho‐social variables may be beneficial for further detailed clinical assessment as they partially distinguish RC tendinopathy from OSP, even when the groups have comparable overall pain and functional problems. Moreover, these variables were shown to be substantially associated with RC tendinopathy severity variance, implying that the clinical evaluation might be improved, perhaps by pre‐consultation online data collection. The models should be validated in the future and considered alongside data from physical and imaging examinations.
Make diversity, bias training a positive experience
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: August 2022

LAS VEGAS — “This is a training about how to make diversity training and bias training palatable to law enforcement,” Lewis Eakins, Ph.D., CPP, Vice President for Public Safety and Emergency Management at Ivy Tech Community College in Indiana, said. Eakins spoke at the recent annual conference for the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators.
Unusually Large Effects of Charge‐assisted C−H⋅⋅⋅F Hydrogen Bonds to Anionic Fluorine in Organic Solvents: Computational Study of 19F NMR Shifts versus Thermochemistry
Authors: Kaupp Martin , Schattenberg Caspar J. , Müller Robert , Reimann Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA comparison of computed 19F NMR chemical shifts and experiment provides evidence for large specific solvent effects for fluoride‐type anions interacting with the σ*(C−H) orbitals in organic solvents like MeCN or CH2Cl2. We show this for systems ranging from the fluoride ion and the bifluoride ion [FHF]− to polyhalogen anions [ClFx]−. Discrepancies between computed and experimental shifts when using continuum solvent models like COSMO or force‐field‐based descriptions like the 3D‐RISM‐SCF model show specific orbital interactions that require a quantum‐mechanical treatment of the solvent molecules. This is confirmed by orbital analyses of the shielding constants, while less negatively charged fluorine atoms (e. g., in [EF4]−) do not require such quantum‐mechanical treatments to achieve reasonable accuracy. The larger 19F solvent shift of fluoride in MeCN compared to water is due to the larger coordination number in the former. These observations are due to unusually strong charge‐assisted C−H⋅⋅⋅F− hydrogen bonds, which manifest beyond some threshold negative natural charge on fluorine of ca. < −0.6 e. The interactions are accompanied by sizable free energies of solvation, in the order F−≫[FHF]−>[ClF2]−>[ClF4]−. COSMO‐RS solvation free energies tend to moderately underestimate those from the micro‐solvated cluster treatment. Red‐shifted and intense vibrational C−H stretching bands, potentially accessible in bulk solution, are further spectroscopic finger prints.
Computer‐assisted fetal laser surgery in the treatment of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: Recent trends and prospects
Authors: van der Schot Anouk Marlon , Sikkel Esther , Spaanderman Marc Erich August , Vandenbussche Frank Patrick Hector Achilles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFetal laser surgery has emerged as the preferred treatment of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). However, the limited field of view of the fetoscope and the complexity of the procedure make the treatment challenging. Therefore, preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance solutions have been proposed to cope with these challenges. This review uncovers the literature on computer‐assisted software solutions focused on TTTS. These solutions are classified by the pre‐ or intraoperative phase of the procedure and further categorized by discussed hardware and software approaches. In addition, it evaluates the current maturity of technologies by the technology readiness level and enumerates the necessary aspects to bring these new technologies to clinical practice.
Novel preparation of lithium‐ion battery wet‐processed separator based on the synergistic effect of porous skeleton nano‐Al2O3in situ blending and synchro‐draw
Authors: Ding Lei , Li Dandan , Du Fanghui , Zhang Daoxin , Zhang Sihang , Wu Tong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRoutine lithium‐ion battery separators with uneven micropores and poor electrolyte affinity raise ion transport barriers and become the battery‐performance‐limiting factors. A wet‐processed separator with homogeneous porous structure and porous skeleton nano‐Al2O3 in situ blending is readily prepared by thermally induced phase separation of paraffin, nano‐Al2O3 and ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in this work. SEM, ImageJ statistical analysis, porosity and Gurley calculation show that a separator that has undergone asynchronous drawing exhibits ample sturdy fibrils, heterogeneous pore size dispersion, poor permeability and strong anisotropy. However, UHMWPE deforms much more uniformly under a synchro‐draw, which distinctly lessens coarse fibrils, centralizes porous construction after stretching and brings better isotropy for the separator. Additionally, nano‐Al2O3 scattered in the cast film further weakens the heterogeneity of micropores stemming from the uneven thermally induced phase separation. Wettability tests and thermal diagnoses also show that nano‐Al2O3 on the porous skeleton strengthens the thermal stability and electrolyte affinity of the separator. Consequently, batteries containing nano‐Al2O3 composite separators show much higher electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity and Li+ transport number because of the synergistic effect of the even microvoids and nano‐Al2O3 on the porous skeleton, which expedites Li+ transport and endows superior lithium‐ion battery performance. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Control of a far‐red/near‐infrared spectral switch in an artificial fluorescent biliprotein derived from allophycocyanin
Authors: Hou Ya‐Nan , Höppner Astrid , Rao Aditya G. , Lahav Yigal , Kumar Das Prabir , Ding Wen‐Long , Jiang Xiang‐Xiang , Hu Ji‐Ling , Schapiro Igor , Noy Dror , Zhao Kai‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe molecular structure of mBDFP, a far‐red fluorescent protein (FPs) derived from an allophycocyanin homolog was resolved to 2.52 Å. Its biliverdin chromophore was found to be attached to the protein in an unusual way that was never observed in natural phycobiliproteins, and only once in a sub‐population of artificial bacteriophytochrome‐derived FPs. One of the biliverdin's vinyl groups had two cysteine residues covalently bound to its two carbon atoms. This reduces the conjugation length of the biliverdin π‐electron system, which shifts the absorption and emission spectra by about 40 nm, from the near‐infrared to the far‐red region of the spectrum. By spectrally characterizing a set of mBDFP mutants, we show that such spectral shifts can be induced by modifying a single residue in either one of two critical positions in the vicinity of the binding cysteines. This changes the reactivity of biliverdin and the cysteine's thiols towards forming one, or two thioether bonds to the vinyl group. The ability to control the spectral properties of BDFP by specific point mutations opens many possibilities for rational design of far‐red and near‐infrared FPs that are of great interest to the development of fluorescence markers for bioimaging since most biological tissues are transparent in this spectral window.
Successful removal of a broncholith using a cryo‐probe under rigid bronchoscopy: A case report
Authors: Ando Moe , Saka Hideo , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Lee Shin , Morishita Tetsuji , Fujita Kei , Tsuzuku Akifumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBroncholithiasis is a rare condition in which lymph nodes, cartilage or inhaled material in the bronchi become calcified. Removal of the broncholith is indicated when it causes symptoms such as hemoptysis and obstructive pneumonia. Although there are various methods for removing broncholiths, no international recommendations exist. We report a case of safe removal of broncholiths using a cryo‐probe under rigid bronchoscopy. A 72‐year‐old man presented with blood‐tinged sputum for 5 months. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed collapse of the middle lung lobe. Flexible bronchoscopy demonstrated broncholiths at the orifice of the middle lobe. We successfully removed the broncholiths with a cryo‐probe under rigid bronchoscopy without any complications. Our experience suggests that removal of broncholiths can be safely and successfully performed using a cryo‐probe under rigid bronchoscopy.
Research Progress on Modification and Application of Raw Lacquer
Authors: Li Dong , Li Kun , Fang Junfei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRaw lacquer is a kind of natural polymer coating with excellent performance. The lacquer film formed after drying of pure natural raw lacquer has the advantages of hard quality, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. However, natural raw lacquer also has some disadvantages. For example, it must be dried at a specific temperature and humidity to form a film, difficult to spray, dark color, poor alkali resistance, easy to cause human skin allergy and so on. Due to urushiol is the main film‐forming material in raw lacquer, its performance and drying film‐forming process will directly affect the properties of the lacquer film. Taking advantage of the particularity of its structure, urushiol can be modified in its drying film‐forming process, so as to speed up its drying film‐forming process or obtain a modified lacquer film with excellent performance. Thus, the research on raw lacquer and its modification mainly focuses on the modification of urushiol, the main film‐forming substance of the raw lacquer. This paper reviews the modification and combined methods of the natural urushiol by researchers in recent years, mainly including urushiol polymerization catalyzed by proton acid, urushiol polymerization initiated by UV irradiation, copolymerized with other polymer materials, reacted with metal compounds to form urushiol metal polymers, and formed composite coatings with multi‐wall carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nano‐TiO2 and so on. The modified lacquer has shown excellent performance in some aspects, such as the gloss and hardness of the lacquer film have been significantly improved, the heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance have been enhanced, the ageing resistance and solvent resistance have been improved, the impact strength and toughness have been enhanced, the curing time of the lacquer film has been greatly shortened and so on. Then the application fields and development trends of the modified raw lacquer are discussed, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of raw lacquer.