bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sociological study of patterns and determinants of farmer suicide in India
Authors: Kumar Sumant , Sahoo Barsa Priyadarsinee , Patel Avanish Bhai 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Farmer suicide as a social issue has existed in India since past three decades. Though many studies have been conducted from different perspectives to understand the causes and consequences of farmer suicide, very few studies have looked at the issue from a multidimensional perspective. By using the Durkheimian view of suicide, this paper aims to analyse the subjective meaning behind the social fact of suicide. It accesses the nature and pattern of suicide and examines the determinants of suicide from a socio-ecological paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study mostly relies on National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data on “accidental deaths and suicide in India” for the year 2018, 2019 and 2020 for the analysis of pattern and determinants of farmer suicide in India. The analysis of the data has been done in Excel, and descriptive statistics have been presented through simple contingency table.

Findings
The study found that in the past ten years, there has been a steady decline in the number of farmer suicide in India; however, some states such as Maharashtra and Karnataka continue to report high incidence of farmer suicide. Using a socio-ecological paradigm, the paper found that the farmer’s social system which is constituted of individual characteristics and societal characteristics has a direct impact on the tendency of a farmer to commit suicide. It was observed that the stronger the relationship between an individual and its microsystem, there is less chance of a person to commit suicide.

Originality/value
This is an original paper based on NCRB data for the year 2018, 2019 and 2020. The data for the farmer suicide has been calculated including the suicide of the agricultural labourers and the farmers/the cultivators.
Long‐term monitoring program reveals a mismatch between spatial distribution and reproductive success in an endangered raptor species in the Mediterranean area
Authors: Martínez‐Miranzo Beatriz , I. Banda Eva , Gardiazábal Andrea , Ferreiro Ernesto , Seoane Javier , Aguirre José I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnmasking the ecological processes responsible for the dynamics of a population is a necessary step toward understanding its threats and viability. We examined a fitness proxy (reproductive success) of an endangered raptor in relation to its ecological niche and spatial distribution to provide insights into the dynamics and potential threats to the population. We first studied how biotic and abiotic conditions drive both the spatial distribution of Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) and its long‐term reproductive success in a large area of northwestern Spain. We focused on the relationship between these two characteristics of the population. Our results showed that biotic factors (occurrence of competitors such as the golden eagle or prey availability) were more associated with the spatial distribution of the species than with its reproductive success. In contrast, abiotic factors describing climate were linked to reproductive success. Most interestingly, we found a mismatch between spatial suitability and reproductive success because reproduction was compromised in the areas that were more suitable for the occurrence of the species. The results suggest that productivity (less than one chick per year), measured as long‐term reproductive success, may compromise the population viability and suggest the presence of an underlying mechanism in the population. Our results highlight the benefits of simultaneously considering both large‐scale spatial distribution patterns and measures of fitness, which often require larger investments of time, for endangered species conservation programs.
Seed ecophysiology of Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica)—An important tree species of the Indomalayan realm
Authors: Dasanayaka Bhagya Indeevari , Jinadasa Rasika Niranjana , Jayasuriya Kariyawam Marthinna Gamage Gehan , Phartyal Shyam Singh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDillenia indica produces mucilaginous seeds embedded in hard, fibrous, megafaunal fruits, and little is known about the ecological function of mucilage in its regeneration. Using standard laboratory protocols, we investigated the role of mucilage on seed dispersal (buoyancy), chemical defense (antibiotic, antifungal, antioxidant, and allelopathic activities), and seed germination. Further, we characterized seed germination, dormancy, and storage physiology of D. indica. Results revealed that mucilage associated with seed‐coat assists seeds in floating on water for a longer duration, acts as an antimicrobial agent without hampering the overall seed germination. It was noticed that fresh mature seeds possess an underdeveloped embryo that grows within the seed before radicle emergence (a sign of morphological dormancy; MD), and seeds took ~70 days to achieve 95% germination (a sign of physiological dormancy; PD). However, the rate of germination increased when seeds were treated with gibberellin or subjected to 1‐month dry‐storage (confirmation of PD). Seeds disperse with ~12% moisture and retain high viability even after ultra‐drying over silica gel, indicating an orthodox seed storage physiology. Study concludes that mucilage plays a crucial ecophysiological function in dispersal‐defense mechanism of D. indica seeds, by enhancing seed buoyancy, helping seeds to disperse long‐distance, and protecting the seeds from soil pathogens through antimicrobial activity. Our study confirmed that seeds of D. indica possess morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), unlike the MD reported in an earlier study from North India. Possible ecophysiological function of mucilage on seed dispersal‐defense mechanism and production of morphophysiological dormant and orthodox seeds in D. indica are discussed.
Association of initial COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy with subsequent vaccination among pregnant and postpartum individuals
Authors: Germann Katherine , Kiefer Miranda K. , Rood Kara M. , Mehl Rebecca , Wu Jiqiang , Pandit Radhika , Lynch Courtney D. , Landon Mark B. , Grobman William A. , Costantine Maged M. , Venkatesh Kartik K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between initial COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and subsequent vaccination among pregnant and postpartum individuals.DesignProspective cohort.SettingA Midwestern tertiary‐care academic medical center. Individuals completed a baseline vaccine hesitancy assessment from 22 March 2021 to 2 April 2021, with subsequent ascertainment of vaccination status at 3–6 months follow‐up.MethodsWe used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate the relative risk of vaccination by baseline vaccine hesitancy status, and then characteristics associated with vaccination.Main outcome measuresSelf‐report of COVID‐19 vaccination, and secondarily, consideration of COVID‐19 vaccination among those not vaccinated.ResultsOf 456 individuals (93% pregnant, 7% postpartum) initially surveyed, 290 individuals (64%; 23% pregnant, 77% postpartum) provided subsequent vaccination status (median = 17 weeks). Of these 290 individuals, 40% (116/290) reported COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy upon enrolment, of whom 52% reported subsequent vaccination at follow‐up. Few individuals transitioned during the study period from vaccine hesitant to vaccinated (10%); in comparison, 80% of those who were not vaccine hesitant were vaccinated at follow‐up (aRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.11–0.33). Among those who remained unvaccinated at follow‐up, 38% who were vaccine hesitant at baseline were considering vaccination, compared with 71% who were not vaccine hesitant (aRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.67). Individuals who were older, parous, employed and of higher educational attainment were more likely to be vaccinated, and those who identified as non‐Hispanic black, were Medicaid beneficiaries, and were still pregnant at follow‐up were less likely to be vaccinated.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy persisted over time in the peripartum period, and few individuals who reported hesitancy at baseline were later vaccinated. Interventions that address vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy are needed.
The New Eco‐Schemes: Navigating a Narrow Fairway
Authors: Latacz‐Lohmann Uwe , Termansen Mette , Nguyen Chi 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis article highlights some key challenges and trade‐offs with which national policy designers have to contend in devising national eco‐schemes for agriculture. We show that policy designers operate in a narrow design space which is constrained by various political and legal requirements. One key challenge is to design a reward system that allows the uptake of eco‐schemes by farmers to be aligned with a given budget. We present four broad implementation models for eco‐schemes and discuss their merits and shortcomings in light of stipulated requirements. These are the ‘greening model’, the ‘modified greening model’, the ‘eco‐points model’ and the ‘AECS model’ in the style of the agri‐environmental and climate schemes of CAP Pillar 2. We conclude that the eco‐points model is likely to be the most suitable. By stipulating that individual farmers must reach a certain minimum number of points per hectare (eligibility threshold), but are not entitled to payments for points that exceed a certain upper limit per hectare (cut‐off), it allows demand from farmers for inclusion in a scheme to be steered such that aggregate uptake coincides with the budget; thereby reducing the risk of over‐ or under‐subscription while maintaining flexibility to cater for heterogeneity in site conditions.
Discrete Element Modeling of a Subduction Zone with a Seafloor Irregularity and its Impact on the Seismic Cycle
Authors: JIAO Liqing , CHAN Chung‐Han , SCHOLTÈS Luc , HUBERT‐FERRARI Aurélia , DONZÉ Frédéric‐Victor , TAPPONNIER Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeafloor irregularities influence rupture behavior along the subducting slab and in the overriding plate, thus affecting earthquake cycles. Whether seafloor irregularities increase the likelihood of large earthquakes in a subduction zone remains contested, partially due to focus put either on fault development or on rupture pattern. Here, we simulate a subducting slab with a seafloor irregularity and the resulting deformation pattern of the overriding plate using the discrete element method. Our simulations illustrate the rupture along three major fault systems: megathrust, splay and backthrust faults. Our results show different rupture dimensions of earthquake events varying from tens to ca. 140 km. Our results suggest that the recurrence interval of megathrust events with rupture length of ca. 100 km is ca. 140 years, which is overall comparable to the paleoseismic records at the Mentawai area of the Sumatran zone. We further propose the coseismic slip amounts decrease and interseismic slip amounts increase from the surface downwards gradually. We conclude that the presence of seafloor irregularities significantly affects rupture events along the slab as well as fault patterns in the overriding plate.
Sex differences in circulating proteins of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cohort study
Authors: Ferreira Maria Betânia , Fonseca Tomás , Costa Rita , Marinho António , Oliveira José C. , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick , Rodrigues Patrícia , Barros António S. , Ferreira João P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesDifferences in proteomic profiles between men and women may provide insights into the biological pathways that contribute to known sex differences in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies focusing on sex differences in circulating proteins in RA patients are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the sex differences in circulating proteins of RA patients.MethodsCohort study enrolling 399 RA patients. Ninety‐four circulating protein‐biomarkers (92CVDIIOlink® + troponin‐T + C‐reactive protein) were measured. Clinical, demographic, and echocardiographic characteristics were compared between men and women. Sex differences in biomarker expression were assessed using regression modeling.ResultsIn all, 306 (76.7%) patients were women. Compared with men, women had less visceral fat, smoked less, had diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease less frequently, and expressed more fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The association with cardiovascular outcomes did not differ between sexes. After adjusting for potential confounders, women expressed higher levels of circulating proteins related to adipokine signaling and vascular function (eg, leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor), whereas men expressed higher levels of circulating proteins related to extracellular matrix organization and inflammation (eg, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and C‐reactive protein). These results were not found in patients without RA.ConclusionSex differences in circulating proteins reflect distinct pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, including inflammation, adiposity, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. These findings may help further investigations into factors underlying sex‐based differences and allow future studies focused on sex‐specific personalized treatment approaches in RA.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03960515.
Feedback‐Driven Time Segmenting: The Effect of Feedback Frequency on Employee Behavior*
Authors: Waddoups Nathan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTHow employees mentally break up or segment time likely influences key performance behaviors. Thus, it is important to understand how features of the work environment influence the mental time segments employees create. Consistent with my predictions, I provide evidence across four experiments that feedback systems can alter the way employees segment their work time—a process that I refer to as feedback‐driven time segmenting. Consistent with the theory of feedback‐driven time segmenting, the experiments demonstrate that more (less) frequent feedback leads employees to create smaller (larger) mental time segments. Furthermore, the results indicate that employees who create smaller mental time segments are less likely to find efficiencies at work, suggesting an unintended cost of increasing feedback frequency. However, I also find that employees with smaller mental time segments work with higher levels of effort intensity. Together, these experiments provide evidence that the economically meaningless time segments employees create can significantly influence their behavior. Consequently, firms and future researchers should carefully consider how features of the work environment influence the mental time segments employees create.
Sublethal and lethal effects of different residues of spinosad on Pardosa spiders
Authors: Niedobová Jana , Ouředníčková Jana , Hamřík Tomáš , Mészáros Martin , Skalský Michal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpinosad is one of the world's most widely applied natural bioinsecticides and its use has been growing rapidly in the past decade. Biologically based plant protection products can also have unexpected effects on beneficial arthropods. Previous studies examining the lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad on different groups of spiders have shown widely diverging results. This work aims at an extension of knowledge related to the effects of spinosad on the generalist predator of genus Pardosa. We focused on the effects of fresh wet, fresh dry, and dry 3‐day‐old residues of the commercial plant protection product Spintor®. We examined changes in predatory activity at different prey densities after contacts with those residues and also on the mortality of spiders. For the density of six prey (flies), we found differences in spiders' predatory activity in the short term and the long term after their 1 hr contact with fresh wet residue. The fresh wet residues significantly decrease the number of killed flies. There was no significant effect of treatment on the mortality of spiders over short periods. Over long periods, the fresh wet residues caused a significant increase in spider mortality while dry residue had no effects.
Personality traits and alcohol consumption: Secondary analysis of the Self‐Match Study
Authors: Hell Morten Ellegaard , Müller Anders , Horn Christina Gehling , Søgaard Nielsen Anette 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis secondary analysis of the Self‐Match Study explores whether personality traits affect the treatment outcome for alcohol use disorders (AUD). We designed the Self‐Match Study to investigate whether clients choosing between treatment options improves treatment outcomes. The primary outcome report revealed no difference in the outcome, whether treatment allocation was based on clinician matching or self‐matching. Because willingness to choose, choice of treatment method, and compliance with treatment may be related to personality, this exploratory sub‐study investigated the influence of personality traits on treatment outcome.MethodWe enrolled 402 consecutive clients (female 46.7%, mean age 47.4) seeking treatment at the outpatient alcohol treatment center in Odense, Denmark. Clients were randomized to treatment by expert‐match or self‐matching. Data on alcohol consumption (Timeline Follow Back), personality traits (NEO‐FFI‐3), and retention in care were collected at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Outcomes were compliance, sensible drinking (alcohol intake below National Recommendations), and the number of heavy drinking days at follow‐up.ResultsA high neuroticism score was negatively associated with treatment completion. Further, clients with a high score on neuroticism, openness, and extraversion, or a low score on conscientiousness were less likely to reduce their drinking to a sensible level at follow‐up. We also found that low scores on conscientiousness were associated with having more heavy drinking days at follow‐up. The personality traits neuroticism and openness were associated with treatment preferences.ConclusionsPersonality traits influence 6 months drinking outcomes for people receiving AUD treatment.
Erosion of primate functional diversity in small and isolated forest patches within movement‐resistant landscapes
Authors: Pereira L. A. , Campos V. E. W. , Gestich C. C. , Ribeiro M. C. , Culot L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHabitat disturbance is disrupting ecological processes globally. The Atlantic Forest is particularly affected by land‐use intensification and defaunation, where primates play a key role in seed dispersal. Here, we evaluate how primate assemblages in the Atlantic Forest change according to landscape modification and the ecological consequences on seed dispersal. For this, we used 38 primate assemblages in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We assessed the effects of patch size, mean inter‐patch distance, functional connectivity and matrix permeability on primate species richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion, distinguishing response traits (sensitivity to habitat disturbance) from effect traits (effect on seed dispersal). We further investigated which primate functional response–effect traits were retained in forest patches of different sizes. Increased inter‐patch distance reduced primate species richness. Decreased patch size led to a more uneven and less divergent distribution of response trait values within the functional space indicating the filtering of primates with similar strategies to cope with habitat loss. However, the increased divergence of effect traits in smaller patches indicates that those primates present distinct traits as seed dispersers. Finally, less permeable landscapes retained an uneven distribution of primate effect traits. Our findings indicate that reduced patch size results in primates with similar response traits, living in small groups and travelling short distances daily, but with contrasting traits as seed dispersers, which is positive for the persistence of non‐redundant services in disturbed landscapes. However, the reduced species richness in such isolated patches and the resistance to movement among them may compromise the long‐term viability of primate ecosystem services. Therefore, we encourage that further conservation planning should increase landscape connectivity, ensure the effective protection of native forests and increase anthropogenic matrix quality to develop biodiversity‐friendly landscapes that protect not only species but also the ecosystem services they provide.
Practical recommendations for planning and running live online education workshops for the rural health workforce
Authors: Evans Adele , Priestly Jacqueline , Suthern Megan , Whelan Monica , Robertson Sheree , Kelly Olivia , Omar Syed Haris , Preddy John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis commentary presents practical and evidenced based guidelines for the development and delivery of real‐time online training workshops aimed at rural health professionals.ContextOnline learning is increasingly being used as an avenue for delivering education, particularly to rural and remote sites where barriers persist in upskilling health workers. Further, online learning has become essential during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. In response to the Australian 2020 COVID‐19 social distancing requirements, our team rapidly transformed face‐to‐face educational workshops into an online format, to deliver over 20 workshops to more than 150 multidisciplinary staff across our large rural district.ApproachThere are no published guidelines regarding the conversion of face‐to‐face education programs into an online format within health care. We conducted a review of the literature regarding the implementation of online education programs. Three broad categories of evidence were identified: participant qualities, content development and content deliverance.ConclusionWe present a set of practical and evidenced based recommendations, which will enhance live online workshops for a rural health workforce. These recommendations are derived both from published literature and our experience delivering our workshops. We argue that rural health professionals and organisations need relevant, up‐to‐date practical guidelines and more institutional support and training focused on creating and implementing live online educational programs in rural Australia.