SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE UTERINE TUBE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NORM AND SIX-WEEK ADMINISTRATION OF OPIOID
Authors: Podolyuk M. V. , Mateshuk-Vatseba L. R. , Mykhalevych M. M. , Fik V. B. , Pasichnyuk I. P. 
Published: October 2022

The toxic effects of opioids on the female reproductive system are important for theoretical and practical medicine, because excessive use of narcotic drugs causes pathological changes in organs and tissues and can predict the negative effects of "nalbuphine" on the female genitals. The excessive use of narcotic drugs, the prevalence of drug addiction, the use of opioids by modern medicine for therapeutic purposes, creates the need to carefully study the effects of opioids on the body of women, primarily the organs of the reproductive system, because despite the successes achieved in diagnosis and treatment, female infertility is an urgent problem.
Aim of the research: to establish and describe the features of the structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of a female laboratory rat in normal and under conditions of prolonged exposure to «nalbuphine» according to the results of scanning electron microscopy.
Materials and methods. The material of the research was the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes of 20 mature white female rats, aged 4.5–6.0 months with body weight 180–220, which were kept in standard conditions at the vivarium of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. The structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes was normally studied in 5 animals. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group of experimental animals (10 rats) was administered «nalbuphine» intramuscularly once daily, in one period of time for 6 weeks. The second group - control animals - 5 white female rats, which were injected with saline. The method of scanning electron microscopy of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the rat was used in the research.
Results. Lesions of the reproductive system damage is an integral part of clinic both opiate addiction and intoxication of pharmaceutical remedies in particular the group of opioids. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. The obtained data show that the six-week administration of «nalbuphine» causes destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube wall similar to long-term inflammatory processes, in particular, an increase in the lumen of the uterine tube, a decrease or absence of folds in certain areas of the uterine tube, a decrease in the number of microvilli of tubal exocrinocytes, and the occurrence of adenomatous proliferation of the tubal epithelium.
The damage that has occurred indicates the ability of the opioid to cause irreversible changes with prolonged use.
Conclusions. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. Prolonged administration of opioids causes irreversible destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the female rat, which is manifested by the phenomena of disorganization of both endothelial cells. The damage that has occurred proves the ability of opioid in long-term use to cause irreversible changes and structure and function damages on all levels starting with structural. The results of the work can serve as a basis for the further search for optimal methods of correcting changes in the structure of organs caused by the long-term use of opioids.