bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGF, EGFR and PSMA as possible imaging targets of lymph node metastases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Authors: Fels Christa Anne Maria van der , Leliveld Annemarie , Buikema Henk , Heuvel Marius Christianus van den , de Jong Igle Jan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In this study we investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to analyze their potency as targets for the detection of lymph node (LN) metastases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Methods
Antigen expression was determined in 40 samples with urothelial carcinoma and compared to 17 matched samples without metastases by immunohistochemistry. The total immunostaining score (TIS, 0–12) was determined as the product of a proportion score (PS, 0–4) and intensity score (IS, 0–3).
Results
VEGF expression was high in primary tumor and LN metastases (median TIS 8 in both) and VEGF expression was also seen in LNs without metastases (median TIS 6). EGFR expression was low in primary tumor and LN metastases (median TIS 3 and 2 respectively) and absent in LNs without metastases. PSMA expression was low in samples with urothelial carcinoma (median TIS 2).
Conclusion
VEGF shows moderate to high expression levels in both primary tumors en LN metastases and could be a candidate as a target agent for imaging modalities of urothelial carcinoma. EGFR and PSMA do show low staining levels in tumor tissue with urothelial carcinoma and do not seem suitable as target agents.
Trial registration:
The Medical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen approved this study on 14 December 2017 (METc UMCG 2017/639). Trial registration number (UMCG Research Register): 201700868.
Research on Instability Mechanism and Supporting Countermeasures of Weakly Cemented Roadway in Adjacent Chamber Group Engineering
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Tongbin , Xing Minglu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Taking the roadway of a mine in West Mengxi area as the research object, the correlation law between the stress increment of the chamber group and the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway is obtained, and reveals the influence mechanism of adjacent chamber group engineering stress transfer on the deformation of weak cement roadway surrounding rock. The results show that the deformation of the weakly cemented roadway in the adjacent chamber group engineering presents asymmetric and differential characteristics. The properties of surrounding rock, the original rock stress and the chamber group engineering are the main factors of roadway failure; the influence distance of the vertical stress of the surrounding rock in the chamber group engineering area is 7 ~ 12 times the height of the roadway, the stress concentration of the weakly cemented surrounding rock is mainly affected by the vertical stress transmitted from the chamber group engineering area. The vertical stress increment range of the surrounding rock of the adjacent chamber group engineering roadway ranges from 3.2 to 4.8 MPa, compared with the initial in-situ stress which increased by 32–48%, exceeding the critical value of surrounding rock fracture which leading to instability of weak cemented roadways.
Prediction of Electromagnetic Loads for HL-2M Plasma Facing Components in Vertical Displacement Event
Authors: Wu Jing , Chen Yajing , Liu Jian , Guo Pengcheng , Xue Lei , Yao Lieming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Three-dimension (3-D) geometry models are established for HL-2M tokamak Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs), including Vacuum Vessel (VV) and divertor by ANSYS in this study. We predict Electromagnetic (EM) loads during an upwards Vertical Displacement Event (VDE) disruption by introducing plasma & magnetic field coils currents models. Eddy currents are induced due to the decay of plasma current and then flow into the PFCs components. The interaction between eddy currents and magnetic fields generates enormous EM forces and torques. During the VDE disruption, the halo currents are also born due to plasma currents moving to VV and divertor accompanied with dynamic evolution. Halo currents flow into VV and divertor inside components from the inner &outer target plate, the demo plate, and the cassette box. We found that the EM loads are most substantial on the radial& poloidal EM forces by introducing discretized spatiotemporal current profiles calculated from the DINA code. Inward & upward forces are the dominant factor in the VV and divertor. It may provide helpful experiences in designing China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR).
Effect of Tocilizumab in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-induced Cerebral Vasospasm of Experimental Rats
Authors: İzci Emir Kaan , Keskin Fatih , Kaya Bülent , Yerlikaya Fatma Hümeyra , Cuce Gokhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Tocilizumab (TCZ), a recombinant humanized, anti-human monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1k subclass, on vascular morphological changes, endothelial apoptosis, and the levels of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic cytokines, such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X-protein (BAX), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat SAH model.Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (1) normal control (without SAH); (2) SAH (without treatment); (3) SAH treated with saline (SAH + Sal.); and (4) SAH treated with TCZ (SAH + Toc.). The tissues were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A series of brain and basilar artery sections were categorized into several subgroups for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Results: The levels of caspase, BAX, and IL-6 in the SAH + TOC group were significantly lower than in the control, SAH, and SAH + SAL groups (p=0.029, p=0.016, and p=0.002 respectively). TCZ treatment significantly increased the lumen of the basilar artery compared with that in the SAH and SAH + SAL groups without treatment (p=0.002 and p=0.004 respectively). SAH increased the apoptotic index in the endothelium compared with TCZ treatment (p=0.027) groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that TCZ is safe and effective for treating experimental SAH. The results reveal clearly experimental evidence for the potential clinical application of TCZ in SAH patients.
Class-E Power Amplifier for RF Ion Thrusters
Authors: Beller Edwin , Roessler Christian , Probst Uwe , Thueringer Rainer , Volkmar Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Operating a radio-frequency ion thruster (RIT) requires a high frequency current flowing through an induction coil in order to ignite and maintain an inductively coupled plasma discharge (ICP). Several methods to create that current have been demonstrated and evaluated regarding complexity, flexibility and efficiency. Especially in space applications reliability and minimal power loss is crucial to comply to strict mission requirements. As one of the leanest concepts in terms of required components and nevertheless highest possible efficiency, the Class-E power amplifier (PA) has proven itself as a well suited radio-frequency generator of a RIT system. However, electrical performance and especially electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) during operation have not been evaluated, but are essential if the system is intended for use in space. In order to fill this gap and bring the Class-E PA into the fold of established RFG concepts, a prototype was designed, built, and used to operate a RIT-10. For reference, a conventional Half-Bridge RFG was tested under the same operating conditions. Further investigations are concerned with EMC behaviour of both devices and show that Class-E PA exhibits significantly lower electromagnetic emission during operation compared to the Half-Bridge reference.
Average treatment effect of pancreatico-duodenectomy versus total pancreatectomy
Authors: Cucchetti Alessandro , Ricci Claudio , Nicolini Daniele , Langella Serena , Pacilio Carlo Alberto , Ingaldi Carlo , Bocchino Antonio , Rossi Roberta , Russolillo Nadia , Ferrero Alessandro , Vivarelli Marco , Casadei Riccardo , Ercolani Giorgio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The effect size between total pancreatectomy (TP) over pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) remains not well established due to the lack of high-level evidences. Aim of the study was to evaluate the average treatment effect on the patients treated (ATT) with PD in the case they received TP.
Methods
A reweighting scheme was applied to 202 TPs patients to equal 415 PDs (2016–2020), providing what would have happened to PD patients if they received TP. Superiority, non-inferiority and equivalence of PD and TP were assessed for outcomes’ risk ratios (RR).
Results
Balancing was perfect providing a robust estimation of ATT. If PDs were treated with TP they would more frequently experienced difficult glycemic control (RR: 1.44; 95%C.I.:1.21–1.73; p = 0.001) and received red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (RR: 1.23; 95%C.I.:1.04–1.46; p = 0.017). Conversely, TP would have reduced delayed gastric emptying (DGE; RR: 0.68; 95%C.I.:0.42–0.88; p = 0.008) as the likely avoidance of post-operative pancreatic fistula. Major morbidity and failure-to-rescue were within equivalence margins. In subgroups, TP would have not worsened glycemic control in patients already diabetics, transfusions would have not increased in patients with worse general conditions, and TP would have not reduced DGE in older, diabetics and female patients, more susceptible to gastric motility disorders. Post-operative stay and 30-day readmission were within equivalence margins.
Conclusion
If PD is feasible, the adoption of TP would be potentially more harmful than beneficial except in some clinical circumstances, supporting this choice in these cases. Both procedures finally provided similar major morbidity, failure-to-rescue, mortality, in-hospital stay and readmission rate.
Integrated transcriptomic and transgenic analyses reveal potential mechanisms of poplar resistance to Alternaria alternata infection
Authors: Huang Ying , Ma Huijun , Yue Yuanzhi , Zhou Tianchang , Zhu Zhenyu , Wang Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Populus davidiana × P. bollena is a species of poplar from northeastern China that is characterized by cold resistance and fast growth but now suffers from pathogen infections. Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become a common poplar disease that causes serious economic impacts, but the molecular mechanisms of resistance to A. alternata in P. davidiana × P. bollena are still unclear.
Results
In this study, the transcriptomic response of P. davidiana × P. bollena to A. alternata infection was determined via RNA-Seq. Twelve cDNA libraries were generated from RNA isolated from three biological replicates at four time points (0, 2, 3, and 4 d post inoculation), and a total of 5,930 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (| log2 fold change | ≥ 1 and FDR values < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched for the “plant hormone signal transduction” pathway, followed by the “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathway. In addition, DEGs that encode defense-related proteins and are related to ROS metabolism were also identified. Numerous transcription factors, such as the bHLH, WRKY and MYB families, were also induced by A. alternata infection. Among these DEGs, those related to JA biosynthesis and JA signal transduction were consistently activated. Therefore, the lipoxygenase gene PdbLOX, which is involved in JA biosynthesis, was selected for functional characterization. Overexpression of PdbLOX enhanced the resistance of P. davidiana × P. bollena to A. alternata, whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A. alternata infection.
Conclusions
These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of poplar resistance to A. alternata infection and provide candidate genes for breeding resistant cultivars using genetic engineering.
A Low-Power Sigma-Delta Modulator for AI Voice Applications
Authors: Song Shuxiang , Liu Zhenyu , Cen Mingcan , Zhao Yuan , Jiang Pinqun , Cai Chaobo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an 18-bits discrete Sigma-Delta modulator with a bandwidth of 4 kHz. The proposed modulator targets artificial intelligence voice applications where the readout of small-bandwidth signals is required. Sigma-Delta modulator includes an noise shaping filter, one-bit quantizer, and digital-to-analog conversion (DAC). The op-amp noise shaping filter is controlled by a high-frequency clock that alternates between sampling and integration stages. An op-amp noise shaping filter sharing technique is presented to reduce the power consumption caused by several noise shaping filters. Furthermore, by multiplexing the DAC of the power supply voltage and the ground voltage, the power consumption is further lowered. The modulator is implementd in UMC 0.11μm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio is 104.6dB, and the power consumption is 104 μW when the power supply voltage is 1.2V and the reference voltage is 0.6V.
The effects of visitors and social isolation from peer on the behavior of a mixed-species pair of captive gibbons
Authors: Lee Saein , Ryu Heungjin , Yi Yoonjung , Jang Seon-a , Gye Haeun , Choi Ahyun , Cho Haeun , Lee Bae-keun , Choe Jae C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Human visitors affect the behavior of captive animals, which is the so-called visitor effect. The number and behavior of visitors may influence stress-related behaviors in captive animals, such as self-scratching, yawning, and visitor-directed vigilance. A captive social group setting that resembles the setting in the wild can be applied to alleviate such negative visitor effects and facilitate social behavior and interactions between individuals. In this study, we examined how the number and behavior of visitors are related to stress-related behaviors of a captive mixed-species gibbon pair comprising a yellow-cheek gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae) and a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar). The two gibbons were put through a process of separation during the study period, and we examined whether the social isolation stimulated the visitor effect. The frequencies of stress-related behaviors of the gibbons increased and social playing between them decreased with increasing visitors, particularly after social isolation. In the indoor enclosure, the gibbons increased their visitor-directed vigilance when visitors shouted or struck the glass partition. Our findings indicate that the number and behavior of visitors negatively affect captive gibbons and that a mixed-species social setting can help gibbons reduce visitor-induced stress.
Air Purification Process from CO 2 Pollution by Considering Porous Iron Membrane Performance: The Molecular Dynamics Approach
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Sabetvand Roozbeh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In current computational research, we report the porous iron matrix as a metallic membrane for air purification from Carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. In our calculations, the porous iron membrane was simulated in MD simulation box with the Embedded Atom Model (EAM). The membrane purification behavior is reported with temperature, potential energy, filtration value, Young’s module, and ultimate strength. Temperature and potential energy convergence indicated the atomic stability in our MD simulations. Furthermore, the atomic purification process was detected after t = 2 ns for the defined metallic membrane. This process is affected by temperature/pressure increasing from 300 K/1 bar to 350 K/5 bar, and number of absorbed CO2 molecules in MD simulations varies from 121 to 93/145 molecules. Also, mechanical calculations show that the metallic membrane was weakened mechanically after the purification process. Numerically, Young’s module of the porous iron membrane decreases from 5.83 GPa to 5.30 GPa after CO2 molecules separation from O2 molecules with porous iron matrix.
Lymph node ratio is a prospective prognostic indicator for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Jiang Qi , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Chenggang , Yang Ming , Fan Jun , Mao Gan , Shen Qian , Yin Yuping , Liu Weizhen , Tao Kaixiong , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The accuracy of lymph node ratio (LNR) as a prognostic index remains to be proven for gastric cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of LNR in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) patients after NACT.Methods: Patients with LAGC after NACT and gastrectomy between January 2012 and October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The relationships between LNR and survival were investigated.Results: Overall, 148 patients were selected; 103 with low-LNR (LNR≤30%) and 45 with high-LNR (LNR>30%). Approximately 50.5% and 24.4% patients responded to NACT at the primary site in the low-LNR and high-LNR groups, respectively. The OS and PFS of Low-LNR group was considerably better than those of high-LNR group (3-year OS: 81.9% vs 18.5%, P<0.001; 3-year PFS: 72.6% vs 13.5%, P<0.001). In the low-LNR group, OS and PFS were higher in patients with TRG 0-2 than in those with TRG 3(3-year OS: 89.2% vs 73.2%, P =0.086; 3-year PFS: 80.3% vs 66.5%, P =0.036). In association with OS and PFS, the degree of tumor differentiation, TRG, and LNR were identified as predictive factors and LNR was identified as the independent prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively.Conclusions: LNR is a promising index of prognosis in patients with LAGC after NACT.
Corrosion Inhibition Performance of an Ionic Liquid for Carbon Steel in chloride Solutions: Adsorption, Thermodynamic, and Quantum Chemical Investigations
Authors: Abbas Mohamed A. , Ismail Amr S. , Zakaria K. , El-Shamy A. M. , Abedin sherif El 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The corrosion inhibition performance of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethyl sulfonate ([BMIm]TfO) for carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solutions was demonstrated. The study comprised electrochemical, adsorption, and quantum chemical investigations. The results manifested that [BMIm]TfO can be considered a promising corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition efficacy intensifies as the concentration rises. The observed inhibitive effect can be correlated to the adsorption of the ionic liquid species and the creation of protecting films on the surface. The mode of adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The polarization results showed that the ionic liquid [BMIm]TfO functions as a mixed inhibitor. Reliance of the corrosion influence on the temperature in the existence and absence of [BMIm]TfO was demonstrated in the temperature range of 303–333 K using polarization data. Activation parameters were determined and discussed. The observed inhibition performance of [BMIm]TfO was correlated with the electronic properties of the ionic liquid using a quantum chemical study.
Real time and spatiotemporal quantification of pH and H2O2 imbalances with a multiplex SERS nanosensor
Authors: Xiao Can , Izquierdo-Roca Victor , Rivera-Gil Pilar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in many aging-related pathological disorders and is the result of a defective cellular management of redox reactions. Particularly, hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a major byproduct and a common oxidative stress biomarker. Monitoring H2O2 dynamics and a direct correlation to diseases remain still a challenge due to the complexity of redox reactions. Sensitivity and specificity are a major drawback for H2O2 sensors regardless their readout. Luminiscent boronate-based probes such as 4-MPBA are emerging as the most effective quantitation tool due to their specificity and sensitivity. Problems associated to these probes are limited intracellular sensing, water solubility, selectivity, and quenching. We have synthesized a boronate-based nanosensor with a SERS readout to solve these challenges. Furthermore, we found out that environmental pH gradients, as found in biological samples, affect the sensitivity of boronate-based sensors. When the sensor is in an alkaline environment, the oxidation promoted by H2O2 is more favored than in an acidic environment. This leads to different H2O2 measurements depending on pH. To solve this issue, we synthesized a multiplex nanosensor able to concomitantly quantify pH and H2O2. Our nanosensor first measures the local pH and based on this value, provide the amount of H2O2. It seems that this pH-dependent sensitivity effect applies to all boronic acid-based probes. We tested the multiplexing ability by quantitatively measuring intra-and extra-cellularly pH and H2O2 dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions on healthy cells and cells which H + and/or H2O2 homeostasis has been altered.
The impact of cytotoxic T cells on the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yongfu , Guo Guancheng , Liu Baochi , Wang Limin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is the mainstay to kill cancer cells. Little was known about its impact in osteosarcoma. This study aimed the reveal its functional and prognostic role in osteosarcoma.Methods: The gene expression data from 88 osteosarcoma patients in the TARGET programs were downloaded, and the clinical characteristics of these patients including overall survival and vital status were also collected. The ssGSEA was applied to generate the CTL score for each sample based on CTL signature, and osteosarcoma cases were divided to the high and low CTL score cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified, and an optimal CTL-related risk model was generated by LASSO Cox regression analyses. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the amounts of 22 tumor infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment. Results: CTL score can predict OS in osteosarcoma patients. GSEA indicated several pro-inflammatory pathways with significant enrichment in the high-CTL infiltration cluster. The proportion of γδ T cells, and M1 macrophages were notably higher in high CTL score subgroup, while the naïve B cells, resting NK cells, and M0 macrophages were significantly lower. Furthermore, DEGs between the two groups were applied to univariate and LASSO Cox regression analysis to build a six-gene risk model. Kaplan-Meier analysis and ROC curves further confirmed the predictive values of the risk model.Conclusions: CTLs were predictive of overall survival in osteosarcoma and can reflect anti-cancer inflammatory state. The predictive capability of the six-gene risk model is high.