bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Repeated Exposure to the Visual Environment on Young Children's Attention
Authors: Godwin Karrie E. , Leroux Audrey J. , Seltman Howard , Scupelli Peter , Fisher Anna V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior research suggests that visual features of the classroom environment (e.g., charts and posters) are potential sources of distraction hindering children's ability to maintain attention to instructional activities and reducing learning gains in a laboratory classroom. However, prior research only examined short‐term exposure to elements of classroom décor, and it remains unknown whether children habituate to the visual environment with repeated exposure. In study 1, we explored experimentally the possibility that children may habituate to the visual environment if the visual displays are static. We measured kindergarten children's patterns of attention allocation in a decorated classroom environment over a 2‐week period and compared the percentage of time children spent off‐task to a baseline condition in which the classroom environment was streamlined (i.e., charts, posters, and manipulatives were removed). The findings indicate that with more prolonged exposure to a static visual environment, partial habitation effects were observed: Attention to the environment declined at the end of the exposure period compared to the beginning of the study; however, the environment remained a significant source of off‐task behavior even after 2 weeks of exposure. In study 2, we extend this work by conducting a longitudinal observation of six primary classrooms in which we measured children's patterns of attention allocation in real classrooms for 15 weeks to investigate whether increasing familiarity with the classroom décor would influence attention toward the visual environment. No evidence of habituation was observed in genuine classrooms in study 2. Potential implications for classroom design and future directions are discussed.
Aging, Gesture Production, and Disfluency in Speech: A Comparison of Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Arslan Burcu , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAge‐related changes are observed in the speech and gestures of neurotypical individuals. Older adults are more disfluent in speech and use fewer representational gestures (e.g., holding two hands close to each other to mean small), compared to younger adults. Using gestures, especially representational gestures, is common in difficult tasks to aid the conceptualization process and to facilitate lexical access. This study investigates how aging can affect gesture production and the co‐occurrence between gesture and speech disfluency. We elicited speech and gesture samples from younger and older adults (N = 60) by using a painting description task that provided concrete and abstract contexts. Results indicated that albeit the two age groups revealed comparable overall speech disfluency and gesture rates, they differed in terms of how their disfluencies and gestures were distributed across specific categories. Moreover, the proportion of speech disfluencies that occur with a gesture was significantly higher for younger than older adults. However, the two age groups were comparable in terms of the proportion of gestures that were accompanied by a speech disfluency. These findings suggest that younger adults’ language production system might be better at benefiting from other modalities, that is, gesture, to resolve temporary problems in speech planning. However, from a gesture perspective, it might be difficult to differentiate between gestures’ self‐oriented and communicative functions and understand their role in speech facilitation. Focusing on specific cases where speech disfluency and gestures co‐occur and considering individual differences might bring insight into multimodal communication.
Causal Judgment in the Wild: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Quillien Tadeg , Barlev Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen explaining why an event occurred, people intuitively highlight some causes while ignoring others. How do people decide which causes to select? Models of causal judgment have been evaluated in simple and controlled laboratory experiments, but they have yet to be tested in a complex real‐world setting. Here, we provide such a test, in the context of the 2020 U.S. presidential election. Across tens of thousands of simulations of possible election outcomes, we computed, for each state, an adjusted measure of the correlation between a Biden victory in that state and a Biden election victory. These effect size measures accurately predicted the extent to which U.S. participants (N = 207, preregistered) viewed victory in a given state as having caused Biden to win the presidency. Our findings support the theory that people intuitively select as causes of an outcome the factors with the largest standardized causal effect on that outcome across possible counterfactual worlds.
A tricuspid mitral valve with severe regurgitation
Authors: Uysal Samet , Kalkan Sedat , Kılıçgedik Alev 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTricuspid mitral valve is a rare entity, distinct from isolated clefts of the mitral leaflets. Echocardiographically, it manifests as the presence of three commissures, separate papillary muscles and concordant atrioventricular or ventriculoarterial connections. Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography helps distinguish the three cusps from clefts. Herein, we present a case of tricuspid mitral valve that led to severe mitral regurgitation.
Career satisfaction amongst dental students and dentists in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ellakany Passent , Aly Nourhan M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental students' satisfaction with their own career can significantly improve the quality of care provided to patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the level of career satisfaction amongst Saudi dental students and dentists.Materials and methodsA cross‑sectional survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 all over Saudi Arabia. A sample of 750 Saudi dental students and dentists were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of two sections of closed‐ended questions. The first section included personal, professional background factors and level of career satisfaction assessed. The second section included different reasons for choosing dentistry as a career. Multivariable linear regression was used at significance <0.05.ResultsOnly 674 responded to the questionnaire. About half of the included respondents were males. Most of the participants were undergraduate students attended Saudi dental schools. 72.3% chose dentistry for helping other people. Graduated dentists had significantly lower satisfaction score than dental students (p = .007). Dentists, who chose dentistry because it is a secured job with good income (p < .001), had significantly lower satisfaction score than those who did not, whilst those who chose it for the social status had significantly higher satisfaction score than those who did not (p = .04).ConclusionDental students and dentists were motivated to choose dentistry as it is an opportunity to help others and achieve good salary with appropriate social position in community. Dental students were more satisfied than dentists due to lack of financial responsibilities and absence of educational expenses.
Successful long‐term management of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis using a software application: Results from a randomized, controlled, multicenter study
Authors: Ehling Rainer , Seebacher Barbara , Harsányi Andrea , Ganzbiller Nicole , Papez Stephanie , Haider Bernhard , Hoertenhuber Doris , Kranz Gottfried , Tarasiewicz Roland , Spatt Josef , Moser Hermann , Klein Wolfhard , Barth Cosmas , Kubik Wolfgang , Kronberger Eva , Winkler Andreas , Brenneis Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSuccessful long‐term treatment of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is challenging. We investigated the effects of multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation (MIR) and an individualized self‐training program delivered by an app on spasticity in pwMS.MethodsFirst, we assessed the efficacy of 4‐week MIR in ambulatory pwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale < 7.0) with moderate to severe lower limb spasticity (defined by ≥4 points on the Numeric Rating Scale for spasticity [NRSs]) in a cohort of 115 pwMS at seven rehabilitation centers in Austria. In the case of a clinically relevant improvement in spasticity of ≥20% on the NRSs following MIR (n = 94), pwMS were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the newly designed MS‐Spasticity App or to a paper‐based self‐training program for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in NRSs (German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00023960).ResultsMIR led to a significant reduction of 2.0 points on the NRSs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5–2.0, p < 0.000). MIR was further associated with a statistically significant improvement in spasticity on the Modified Ashworth Scale, strength, and all mobility outcomes. Following MIR, self‐training with the MS‐Spasticity App was associated with a sustained positive effect on the NRSs, whereas paper‐based self‐training led to a worsening in spasticity (median NRSs difference = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.7–0.3, p = 0.009). The MS‐Spasticity App was also associated with a significantly better adherence to self‐training (95% vs. 72% completion rate, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn pwMS, MIR is able to significantly improve lower limb spasticity, strength, and mobility. Following MIR, an individually tailored antispasticity program delivered by an app leads to sustained positive long‐term management.
Minor stroke in large vessel occlusion: A matched analysis of patients from the German Stroke Registry–Endovascular Treatment (GSR‐ET) and patients from the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS‐ISTR)
Authors: Feil Katharina , Matusevicius Marius , Herzberg Moriz , Tiedt Steffen , Küpper Clemens , Wischmann Johannes , Schönecker Sonja , Mengel Annerose , Sartor‐Pfeiffer Jennifer , Berger Katharina , Dimitriadis Konstantin , Liebig Thomas , Dieterich Marianne , Mazya Michael , Ahmed Niaz , Kellert Lars 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeReperfusion treatment in patients presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and minor neurological deficits is still a matter of debate. We aimed to compare minor stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or IVT alone.MethodsPatients enrolled in the German Stroke Registry–Endovascular Treatment (GSR‐ET) and the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry (SITS‐ISTR) between June 2015 and December 2019 were analyzed. Minor stroke was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5, and LVO as occlusion of the internal carotid, carotid‐T, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral or posterior cerebral arteries. GSR‐ET and SITS‐ISTR IVT‐treated patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity‐score (PS) matching. The primary outcome was good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2).ResultsA total of 272 GSR‐ET patients treated with EVT and IVT (age 68.6 ± 14.0 years, 43.4% female, NIHSS score 4 [interquartile range 2–5]) were compared to 272 IVT‐treated SITS‐ISTR patients (age 69.4 ± 13.7, 43.4% female, NIHSS score 4 [2–5]). Good functional outcome was seen in 77.0% versus 82.9% (p = 0.119), mortality in 5.9% versus 7.9% (p = 0.413), and intracranial hemorrhage in 8.8% versus 12.5% (p = 0.308) of patients in the GSR‐ET versus the SITS‐ISTR IVT group, respectively. In a second PS‐matched analysis, 624 GSR‐ET patients (IVT rate 56.7%) and 624 SITS‐ISTR patients (IVT rate 100%), good outcome was more often observed in the SITS‐ISTR patients (68.2% vs. 80.9%; p < 0.001), and IVT independently predicted good outcome (odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.43–3.28).ConclusionsOur study suggests similar effectiveness of IVT alone compared to EVT with or without IVT in minor stroke patients. There is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials on this topic.
Effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, gefitinib, on lipid and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: Oh Jang‐Hee , Hur Woojune , Li Na , Jo Seong Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are widely used for treating various cancers, including lung, colon, head and neck cancers. However, EGFRIs have unique dermatological side effects, including acneiform eruption, dry skin, paronychia and pruritus. In this study, we investigated the molecular changes induced by an EGFRI, gefitinib, in the expression of lipogenic enzymes and hyaluronic acid (HA) regulatory proteins in HaCaT keratinocytes, and whether EGF restored these changes. HaCaT cells were treated with gefitinib, with or without EGF, and treated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for inducing an inflammatory response. The mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. Gefitinib enhanced the TNFα‐induced expression of C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5 and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the expression of TNFα in HaCaT cells, while EGF restored these changes. At a similar concentration range, gefitinib reduced the mRNA and/or protein expression of various lipogenic enzymes for fatty acid, cholesterol and ceramide synthesis, except acidic sphingomyelinase. Gefitinib suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of HA synthase 2 (HAS2), HAS3, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) and HYAL2, except the mRNA expression of HYAL1. EGF restored the changes induced by gefitinib, except for the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and elongation of very long‐chain fatty acid protein (ELOVL) 6. In conclusion, EGFRIs suppress lipogenesis and HA metabolism, which may contribute to adverse dermatological effects, including barrier function impairment in cancer patients treated with EGFRIs.
Report of surgeries, their outcome and the thrombin generation assay in patients with Factor XI deficiency: A retrospective single‐centre study
Authors: Désage Stéphanie , Dargaud Yesim , Meunier Sandrine , Le Quellec Sandra , Lienhart Anne , Negrier Claude , Nougier Christophe , Rugeri Lucia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with FXI deficiency, the risk of surgery‐related bleeding is poorly correlated with plasma FXI activity (FXI:C); the latter can therefore not be used as a reliable predictor of bleeding in surgeries.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether thrombin generation assay (TGA) could be used to evaluate the risk of surgery‐related bleeding in FXI‐deficient patients. TGA parameters were compared to FXI:C values, haemostatic treatments and surgical outcomes.PatientsAll patients followed at the haemophilia treatment care centre (Lyon, France) with a FXI:C < 50IU/dL, and for whom a baseline TGA was performed between January 2014 and December 2019, were included.ResultsAmong the 175 surgeries reported herein in 49 patients, FXI concentrates were used for 11 (6%) surgeries and fresh frozen plasma was used for five (3%) surgeries; these surgeries were performed in patients with two or three impaired TGA parameters. No haemostatic treatment was prescribed for 119 (68%) surgeries.A surgery‐related bleeding occurred in 12 patients during 21 (12%) surgeries. Thrombin generation was significantly reduced or delayed in patients who reported surgery related‐bleeding. Among the 34 (68%) surgeries performed without haemostatic treatment in patients with three impaired TGA parameters, a surgery‐related bleeding was reported in 44% of cases (15 surgeries out of 34).ConclusionThe present study confirmed that TGA is an interesting laboratory test in FXI deficiency, for determining the bleeding risk and guiding the haemostatic management of surgeries, while taking into account the surgical bleeding risk and the history of bleeding.
Migraine and large artery atherosclerosis in young adults with ischemic stroke
Authors: Gollion Cédric , Guidolin Brigitte , Lerebours Fleur , Rousseau Vanessa , Barbieux‐Guillot Marianne , Larrue Vincent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMigraine is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms of stroke associated with migraine are debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between migraine and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in young adults with ischemic stroke.MethodsPatients aged between 18 and 54 years consecutively treated for first acute ischemic stroke in a university hospital stroke unit between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in this cross‐sectional study. Migraine status was systematically assessed by the same headache specialist. Stenotic and nonstenotic LAA of extracranial and intracranial cerebral arteries were evaluated and graded using the ASCOD (atherosclerosis, small‐vessel disease, cardiac pathology, other causes, dissection) criteria. We adjusted the association between migraine and LAA for traditional risk factors.ResultsA total of 415 patients were included (mean age [standard deviation], 43.9 [8.7] years; 258/415 [62.2%] men). Migraine with aura (MWA) was diagnosed in 76 patients, and migraine without aura (MWoA) in 68 patients. Patients with migraine had fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Stenotic LAA (10/144 [6.9%] vs. 42/271 [15.5%]; p < 0.001) and LAA of any grade (35/144 [24.3%] vs. 138/271 [50.9%]; p < 0.001) were significantly less frequent in patients with migraine than in patients without migraine, respectively. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, overweight, tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia showed a negative association between migraine and LAA of any grade (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.254–0.78], p = 0.005). This negative association was found for both MWoA (OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.204–0.88], p = 0.020) and MWA (OR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.228–0.96], p = 0.037) compared to no migraine.ConclusionIn this study of young adults with ischemic stroke, migraine had a negative association with LAA. This negative association was independent of traditional vascular risk factors and was found for both MWA and MWoA.
Patient record assessment of results and related resources spent during 1 year after initiation of root canal treatment in a Swedish public dental organization
Authors: Wigsten Emma ,   EndoReCo, Kvist Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo document treatment outcomes and related resources, in patients undergoing root canal treatment (RCT) in county public dental clinics, by monitoring patient records for 12 months from treatment start.MethodologyThe subjects comprised 243 patients starting RCT at 20 public dental clinics in Västra Götaland county, Sweden. Their computerized dental records were monitored prospectively for a year after starting their endodontic treatment. Treatment was completed with either a root filling or extraction. The following treatment‐specific variables were registered: number of appointments and days until treatment was completed, possible complications and prescriptions for antibiotics, and for the root filled teeth: type of coronal restoration and further procedures undertaken within the year. The treatment outcomes were compared with the preoperative variables and in a logistic regression analysis.ResultsComplete data were available for 240 patients (98.8%): 128 women and 112 men, with a mean age of 48.5 years (SD = 16.3). Molar teeth predominated (n = 113, 47.1%). Most cases were completed with a root filling (n = 169, 70.4%). The remainder were extracted (n = 32, 13.3%) or were still uncompleted (n = 39, 16.3%). On average, a root filling was completed in 2.4 (SD = 0.9) appointments, or extraction at the third appointment (SD = 1.6). The molars were less often completed and often predominant among the extracted teeth. The indication for extraction was often for endodontic or RCT‐related reasons. Most complications were registered in the molars and antibiotics were prescribed in 20 cases. Most root filled teeth were restored with a direct restoration. Four root filled teeth (2.4%) were extracted within the time period.ConclusionsPatient records, followed from the start of treatment, show that 12 months on, the root filling had not been completed in just under 30% of the teeth. Of these, about half were extracted. Of particular concern is the outcome for endodontic treatment of molar teeth. In the general practice setting, molar endodontics are not only technically challenging but also very demanding in terms of chairside resources. In the present study, a successful outcome was achieved in just over half the cases.
Effect of material properties on interaction of ceramic and glass flyer plates with hypervelocity jet
Authors: Deniz Tansel , Yıldırım Raif Orhan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA study on the effect of material properties on the interaction of explosively driven ceramic and glass plates with shaped charge jets is performed in order to bolster future studies on the design of reactive cassettes with non‐steel flyer plates. A symmetric steel reactive cassette construction is taken as a base, and front and back plates are selectively changed with ceramic or glass plates keeping the areal densities similar. Plates manufactured from two different grades of alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, and borosilicate glass are employed to assess the ballistic protection performance of reactive cassettes. It is seen that a high density and fracture toughness is desired for the front plate and high bulk impedance for the back plate, respectively. Moreover, replacing the front plate of a steel cassette with an alumina or silicon carbide plate increases the ballistic protection efficiency close to 50%. Finally, the effect of material selection is investigated by hydrocode numerical simulations. The early phases of the interaction process are presented to reveal the basics of initial hole closure on the flyer plate and the determination of the length of the jet precursor.
Impact of COVID‐19 on changing consumer behaviour: Lessons from an emerging economy
Authors: Das Debadyuti , Sarkar Ashutosh , Debroy Arindam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of COVID‐19 on Consumers' changing way of life and buying behaviour based on their socio‐economic backgrounds. A questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on consumers' affordability, lifestyle, and health awareness and how these effects influenced their buying behaviour. A total of 425 usable responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling considering Consumers' socio‐economic background as exogenous variables and Consumers' changing way of life and Adaptation in consumers’ buying behaviour as endogenous variables. The study reveals that COVID‐19 has affected the consumers in the unorganised sectors more than others and induced an increase in the demand for affordable substitutes for daily necessities. The demand for wellness and entertainment products is found to depend upon the occupation and family earning status of consumers which is jointly mediated by affordability and lifestyle changes. Further, the findings show that the demand for health and hygiene products depends on the current employment status and family earning status of consumers which is jointly mediated by affordability and awareness towards health and hygiene. The model developed in the present study allows the decision‐makers to identify which segments of the population with certain socio‐economic backgrounds could be targeted for wellness products and which ones could be targeted for health and hygiene products. In addition, the model provides rich insights to the managers as to what kind of product substitution would be viable in the market during the pandemic.