bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple uterine perforations during manual vacuum aspiration: the need to increase the clinical awareness of attending healthcare professionals
Authors: C Ngene Nnabuike 
Published: May 2022

Background: The risk of uterine perforation during manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is reduced by using Karman cannula (which has a rounded tip) during the procedure.
Methods: A 35-year-old multigravida at 13 gestational weeks presented with vaginal bleeding of a day duration and ultrasound evidence of retained products of conception suggestive of incomplete miscarriage. The patient was rhesus D positive and stable. She had MVA which was performed using Karman cannula, and developed severe vaginal bleeding. The differential diagnoses were incomplete uterine evacuation and uterine perforation.
Results: During a laparotomy in Lloyd-Davies position, haemoperitoneum and six uterine perforations on the anterior and fundal parts, each approximately 5 mm in length (Figure 1), were found. The perforations were repaired and a check uterine curettage under oxytocic cover showed an empty uterus. The abdominal cavity was washed and closed. She was transfused three units of red blood cell concentrate and had a normal six weeks follow-up.
Conclusion: When an instrument inserted into the uterus is pushed beyond the estimated depth of the uterus, a perforation must be suspected and the condition may be managed conservatively. A surgical procedure complicated by surgeon’s loss of perception (in this case tactile) of tissues’ anatomy is hazardous.
Keywords: Image of uterine perforation; manual vacuum aspiration; uterine sounding.
Musculocutaneous and median nerve branching: anatomical variations. Case Series from UR clinical anatomy and literature review
Authors: Kubwimana Olivier , Ndata Albert , Ivang Andrew , Ndahimana Paul , Nzayisenga Albert , Claude Byiringiro Jean , Gashegu Julien 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The brachial plexus is highly variable, which is a well-known anatomical fact. Repeated observations on anatomical variations, however, constitute current trends in anatomical research.
Case series: In an anatomical dissection course, three uncommon variations in the brachial plexus were identified in three young adults’ cadavers. In one case, the musculocutaneous nerve gave a branch to the median nerve, while the median nerve gave or received musculocutaneous branches in the two remaining corpses.
Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus do occur in our setting. The cases we presented are about anatomical variations of branching patterns of the median and musculocutaneous nerves. Knowledge of those variations is essential for surgery and regional anesthesia of the upper limbs.
Keywords: Anatomical variations; brachial plexus; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; upper limb.
Assessing the protective effect of Crassocephalum vitellinum against Rifampicin- induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Kiyimba Kenedy , Tiyo Ayikobua Emmanuel , Chans Mwandah Daniel , Baker Obakiro Samuel 
Published: May 2022

Background: Crassocephalum vitellinum is widely used by traditional medical practitioners and local people in East Africa to manage a large number of ailments including hepatitis 1. However, its hepatoprotective effects had not been evaluated prior to this study. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an ethanolic leaf extract of Crassocephalum vitellinum against rifampicin-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.
Methods: Increasing doses of an ethanolic leaf extract of C. vitellinum were administered to Wistar rats daily for 35 days, together with rifampicin given orally as suspension. After the treatment period, Assessment of hepatoprotective activity was done by analysis of serum levels of biochemical and histopathological effects on the liver.
Results: The results showed that administration of C. vitellinum extract significantly prevented drug- induced increase in serum levels of liver biomarker enzymes and also decreased the hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusion: The plant extract loweres the liver biomarker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and preserves the histomorphology of the hepatocytes which is suggestive that the plant possess hepatoprotective properties.
Keywords: Crassocephalum vitellinum; antitubercular drugs; drug-induced hepatotoxicity; hepatoprotective agents.
Mechanical vestibular stimulation versus traditional balance exercises in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Nahla M Ibrahim , Elham El-Sayed Salem , Ehab Ragaa Abd-Elraouf , Amr Abd El Ghafar Abd El hamid 
Published: May 2022

Background: regaining balance control is the key to decrease risk of falls in children with Down syndrome.
Objectives: To compare between the effect of mechanical vestibular stimulation and balance exercises on balance in children with Down syndrome.
Methods: Thirty children participated in the study. They were divided randomly and equally into; group A and group B, both groups received the designed program with regular balance exercises for group A and mechanical vestibular stimulation for group B, treatment was conducted for one hour 3 times per week for 3 successive months. Balance as stability indexes (regarding anteroposterior, mediolateral and over all stability indexes) was evaluated before and after treatment by Biodex balance system.
Results: T-test was conducted to compare the mean values of stability indexes between groups. Non-significant difference between groups was recorded before treatment (p value > 0.05), while improvement was recorded when comparing post and pretreatment results for both groups (p > 0.0001). More significant improvement was recorded for group B when comparing the post treatment results with group A (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Mechanical vestibular stimulation is better added to the rehabilitation program to improve balance in children with Down syndrome.
Keywords: Balance exercises; down syndrome; mechanical vestibular stimulation.
Predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment on HIV infected patients under HAART: a comparison of joint and separate models
Authors: Bitew Abebe Koyachew , Seyoum Tegegne Awoke 
Published: May 2022

Back ground: Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest number of people living with HIV. Amhara region is one of the regions in the country in which many people are under medication. The main objective of this research was to identify significant predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment for HIV infected patients under HAART.
Methods: A retrospective secondary data were obtained from a random sample of 220 HIV patients under HAART. Separate and joint modeling approaches were conducted in data analysis. Joint modeling was conducted for analysis of non-adherence to medication and the time to default from treatment. In the joint model, a GLMM and Cox PH sub-models were fit together for non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment.
Results: The significant predictors for the variables of interests in current investigation were length of visiting time(AOR of 95% CI=0.866 (0.752, 0.997), female patients(AOR of 95% CI= 0.219 (0.067, 0.717)), patients disclosed the disease(AOR of 95% CI= 0.353 (0.194,0.641)), patients who got social support(AOR of 95% CI= 0.252 (0.194,0.631)), patients living with parter(AOR of 95% CI=0.188 (0.042,0.844)), patients with owner of cell phone(AOR of 95%CI= 0.272 (0.081,0.916)), urban HIV patients(AOR of 94%CI= 0.238 (0.078,0.722)), patients with working functional status(AOR of 95% CI= 0.234 (0.079,0.692)), patients with normal BMI(AOR of 95% CI=0.921 (0.881, 0.963)), patients with high baseline CD4 cell count(AOR of 95% CI=0.873 (0.552, 0.997)).
Conclusion: Some groups of HIV patients were non-adherent to medication and defaulted from treatment. Health related education is recommended for non-adherent patients to be adherent for the prescribed medication and live long in the treatment.
Keywords: Non-adherence; separate model; joint model; time to default; HAART.
Detection of tem-1 and class-1 integrons in multidrug resistant uropathogens from HIV patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria in a Tertiary Care Hospital, SouthWest Nigeria
Authors: Ajala Olubisi , Odetoyin Babatunde , Owojuyigbe Temilola , Onanuga Adebola 
Published: May 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are at increased risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) due to immune suppression. The increasing resistance of uropathogens necessitates the need for regular monitoring of their profile to reduce drug resistance.
Objectives: We determined the prevalence of ASB and the characteristics of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens isolated from HIV patients.
Methods: Mid-stream urine samples from 100 HIV positive and 100 HIV negative healthy individuals were cultured for significant bacteriuria. The isolates were identified by standard techniques and their susceptibility patterns determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All the Gram-negative isolates were screened for ESBL production by combined disc method, ESBL genes and class 1 integrons by Polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Nine (9%) HIV positive individuals and 4 (4%) healthy individuals had ASB yielding a total of 13 (6.5%) uropathogens dominated by Escherichia coli (53.9%). All isolates were multidrug resistant. Five isolates harboured both the blaTEM-1 gene and class 1integrons while Serratia liquefaciens produced ampC.
Conclusion: There is a higher burden of ASB characterized by multi-drug resistant uropathogens among HIV patients. Thus emphasizing the need for continuous resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship in our environment to reduce drug resistance and prevent treatment failure.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; TEM 1; asymptomatic bacteriuria; HIV; uropathogens; Class 1 integrons.
Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups in the Volta region of Ghana, towards effective blood bank services
Authors: N Doku George , K Agbozo William , A Annor Rabia , E Mawudzro Priscilla , E Agbeli Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

Background: Blood is an essential body fluid for the transport of substances to all parts of the body. Knowledge of blood group distribution within any population is important in determining the direction of blood bank inventory for emergency blood services.
Objective: We report for the first time the blood group distribution pattern for the Volta region of Ghana.
Method: Data were extracted and analyzed from 14,360 medical records of blood donors and recipients at seven major hospitals within the Volta region for a period of seven years (2012 to 2018)
Results: ABO distribution within the region was 46.3%, 18.9%, 24.4%, 3.1%, 4.4%, 1.7%, 1.3% and 0.1% for O+, A+, B+, AB+, O-, A-, B- and AB- blood groups respectively. Rh (D)+ to Rh (D)- ratio was 92.5/7.5% respectively. Blood group O+ (>35 %) was highest in all ethnic groups in the region.
Conclusion: Healthcare facilities in the region should adopt a strategy to stock-pile sufficient O+ blood which is the prevalent blood group in the region. All types of blood groups were reported hence our findings should provide information to guide clinical practice and/or blood transfusion services in the region.
Keywords: ABO and RhD blood groups; Volta region of Ghana; towards effective blood bank services.
A Study of Female Genital Mutilation of African-Descent Iranians in Qeshm Island
Authors: Amirbahram Arabahmadi 
Published: May 2022

Background: This article investigates the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a long-held custom in Qeshm Island, which makes many African-descended women face different physical and psychological health problems.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Qeshm Island and the traditional mode of thinking of Afro-Iranian people of the Island about this practice.
Methods: This study is based on the descriptive analysis method. The questions of the study are (a) Why female genital mutilation is still practiced in Qeshm Island; (b) What are the mental and physical effects of female genital mutilation on women; and (c) How government or NGOs are fighting against this tradition.
The results: This article has found out that female genital mutilation resulted in many lifelong diseases and sexual degradation in African-descended women of Qeshm Island. This article also illustrates that the best way to combat this wrong tradition is to inform people by gradual training without any insult to their beliefs.Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of a false tradition and the necessity of behavioral change. In doing so, the government and NGOs' strong actions and attracting the support of the community elders are also needed.
Keywords: Female Genital Mutilation; Gender Discrimination; Human Rights violation; NGOs' Campaign; Qeshm Island.
Investigation of the Effects of Some Statistical Data Components on the Selection of Optimum Smoothing Constant
Authors: Idris Musibaudeen O. , Adeboye Busayo S. , Kareem Buliaminu , Enwerem Godwin C. , Adekanye Selimot A. 
Published: May 2022

Simple exponential smoothing is one of the best forecast methods, especially for time series data. Its efficacy depends on a parameter called smoothing constant (α) which, if optimally determined, minimises the mean square error (MSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The widely used method for selecting the optimum smoothing constant is to conduct a grid search within a wide range of possible values of α using the trial-and-error method. Not only that this method involves the knowledge of advanced statistical processes, but it is also time-consuming, and its results are limited to the data being analysed. In order to eliminate these limitations, there is a need to develop a benchmark that will guide the users of simple exponential smoothing to select the optimum α without necessarily repeating the trial-and-error method once a value has been established for data of similar statistical components. This study investigated some statistical components (mean, standard deviation, range, number of observations and pattern) of data to determine which components could aid in the quick and easy determination of optimum smoothing constant. The study determined the optimum smoothing constants for 16 different data of varying statistical components, and found that mean, standard deviation, range and the number of data observations are not related to the optimum smoothing constants. However, the demand pattern is an excellent precursor to determining the optimum smoothing constant. The study recommends further study in developing a classification model for demand patterns in job shops.
Keywords: Simple exponential smoothing; optimum smoothing constant; trial and error; demand pattern; number of observations.
Effects of Neem Aqueous Extract (Azadirachta indica) against Aphids and Aphid-borne Virus in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Kareem Kehinde T. , Olayinka Rachael B. , Ugwu Juliana A. , Oduwaye Olubusola F. 
Published: May 2022

Pests and diseases are among the major factors limiting plant growth and yields. Pests are known vectors of pathogens including viruses. Proper management of plant pests is an indirect means of controlling viral diseases in plants. This study aimed at comparing the potential of neem extract and a synthetic insecticide (lambda cyhalothrin) for the management of aphids and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in five different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes and to determine the residual effects of the insecticide in the cowpea grains. The experimental field was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included; spraying of cowpea plots with aqueous neem extract and lambda cyhalothrin (LC) twice at foliage stage, once at flowering and podding stages. Control plots were left unsprayed. Data were obtained on growth and yields of cowpea genotypes as well as the pest and virus disease traits. Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that variations attributable to genotypes were significant (p ≤ 0.01) for cowpea yields and virus disease traits. Treatments applied influenced the occurrence of pests and virus diseases. Neem extract reduced aphid infestations and virus diseases as much as the insecticide. Ife BPC accumulated a very high level of LC (1.14 ppm) in its grain when compared with the maximum residue level (MRL) for lambda cyalothrin in cowpea seeds. The study concludes that the use of eco-friendly bio-pesticide such as neem aqueous extract is effective for the management of aphids and aphid-borne virus in cowpea fields.
Keywords: Aphids; aqueous extract; cowpea; neem; pesticide; virus
Myths and misbelieves regarding COVID vaccines in India
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Tanveer Bano  , Mittal Chhaya , Singh Ganesh , Verma Niharika , Kumar Arun 
Published: May 2022

Background: - COVID-19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Many people require hospitalization after infection. COVID vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease. Due to extensive negative publicity through social media channels/platforms,significant number of individuals are not coming forward for vaccination. Therefore, study is needed to evaluate adverse effects associated with different vaccines available in India. Objectives: - To assess the adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination and compare the side effect of two most commonly used COVID vaccines in India. Methods:- In the current report, a cross sectional study was conducted among beneficiaries of COVID-19 vaccines at the vaccination center of the LLRM Medical college, India. After institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, patients were asked about the symptoms they experienced after vaccination. A very simple random sampling approach was used to select beneficiaries. Information was collected on predesigned Google form and total 391 patients submitted the responses. Results:- Out of total respondents 77 % individuals reported one or more symptoms. Fever was reported to be most common problem (59.3%) followed by body ache (57.5%). Out of total beneficiaries, 68.3% experienced mild symptoms while 23% remain asymptomatic. Only few subjects reported moderate adverse effects (8.7%). None of the respondent reported severe and serious adverse effect. Conclusions:- Vaccine associated adverse effects were found less than 3 days and of mild variety in most of the beneficiaries. There was no difference in adverse effect profile of two commonly used vaccines in India. People must come forward for vaccination in mass without fearing of adverse effects of vaccines.
India-Canada Relations: A View on Geopolitical, Geoeconomic Convergence and Divergence
Authors: Bragta Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: May 2022

The relationship between India-Canada is built upon a mutual respect for democracy, multiculturalism and people to people contact over the period of time. Despite of this, India and Canada relationship is yet to develop its full potential. The present article tries to examine and analyses the geopolitical relations and bilateral engagement between India-Canada and its geoeconomic potential in the present century. The various efforts were made to conclude a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two nations on the lines of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with commitments to tariff reductions and reforms in the commercial environment. Despite of few irritants, both the country started moving towards greater trade cooperation and collaboration. It is against this backdrop the research article aims to analyze the degree of convergence and divergence of geopolitical and geoeconomic issues that have affected New Delhi’s interest in seeking a broader relationship with Ottawa. Further, the paper will try to examine the other factors in cementing the multilateral collaboration and cooperation between the two nations in the present century.
Blended Learning: Opening Post-School Education in South Africa through Innovative Pedagogy
Authors: Raban Mukhtar 
Published: May 2022

The advent of new technologies has always spurred pedagogical innovations, whether it be the blackboard, the overhead projector or, today, the internet. Each innovation opens up new opportunities for teaching and learning while resolving challenges that started to build up during the previous technology eras.
Currently, post-school education and training (PSET) institutions face an array of challenges, including the need to increase student access to quality education, the rising costs associated with providing full-time education, and diminishing faculty resources relative to growth in student numbers. Essentially, PSET institutions need to be able to educate more students in a way that is financially sustainable for both them and their students.
Disability Access: Opening TVET Education in South Africa through an Inclusive Approach to Students with Disabilities
Authors: Van Wyk Gertrude , Hodgkinson-Williams Cheryl Ann 
Published: May 2022

Students with disabilities (SWDs) face numerous challenges in accessing and succeeding in post-school education in South Africa (Chiwandire & Vincent 2019; Ndlovu 2020). These are students with some type of visual, hearing, communication, physical, intellectual, emotional impairment and/or disability.
The reasons for this are fairly clear. Through most of the country’s history, infrastructure development and educational planning have prioritised the needs and conveniences of non-disabled people. It has only been in the last few decades that society has gradually become more aware of the inequalities such decisions have on differently abled people.
HASTANE ÇALIŞANLARINDA KORONAVİRÜS ANKSİYETESİNİN İŞ-AİLE ÇATIŞMASINA ETKİSİ
Authors: BÜLEZ Aysel , ÖZEL İrem , GÜL Kadriye 
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde hastane çalışanlarının iş yükü ve iş stresinin artması, virüs ile enfekte olma riski ve ölüm korkusu gibi durumlar çalışanları önemli derecede etkilemekte ve istenmeyen psikolojik, duygusal ve davranışsal problemlere yol açmaktadır. Bu araştırma Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde hastane çalışanlarında ortaya çıkan Koronavirüs anksiyetesinin iş-aile çatışmasına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Araştırma Adıyaman İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı bir devlet hastanesindeki tüm çalışanlar (n=136) ile tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yürütüldü. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği ve İş-Aile Çatışması Ölçeği’ne ait soruları içeren Google Forms üzerinden oluşturulan elektronik anket ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 34.01, yaklaşık %62.5’i erkektir. Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeğinden, İş-Aile Çatışması Ölçeği alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanlar karşılaştırıldığında kadınların, hastanede sağlık çalışanı olarak çalışanların, üniversite mezunu olanların ve sigara kullanmayanların daha fazla anksiyete hissettiği; çalışma yılı, medeni durum, alkol kullanımı ve kronik hastalık varlığının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği bulunurken; Koronavirüs Anksiyetesi ile Aile-İş Çatışması alt boyutu puan ortalaması (p=0.000) ve İş-Aile Çatışması alt boyutu ortalama puanı arasında zayıf, pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki (p=0.000) olduğu bulundu.
Sonuç: Hastane çalışanlarında Koronavirüse bağlı anksiyetenin artması hem iş-aile çatışmasına hem de aile-iş çatışmasına neden olmaktadır.