bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Parasites in Microbiomes using Metagenomics
Authors: Kirstahler Philipp , Aarestrup Frank M. , Pamp Sünje Johanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite a yearly death toll of up to one million people due to parasite-related infections, parasites are still neglected in genomics research. While there is progress in the detection of bacteria and viruses using metagenomics in the context of infectious diseases, there are still challenges in metagenomics-based detection of parasites. Here, we implement a workflow for the detection of parasites from metagenomics data. We employ stringent cut off criteria to limit false positive detections. We analysed a total of 7.120 metagenomics samples of which 359 originated from gut microbiomes of livestock (pigs and chicken) from nine countries, and 6.761 from gut microbiomes of humans (adults and infants) from 25 countries. Five parasite-related genera were detected in livestock, of which Blastocystis sp. was detected in 71% of all pig herds and Eimeria in 83% of all chicken flocks. Distinct gut bacterial taxa were associated with Blastocystis sp. abundance in pigs. Nine parasite-related genera were detected in humans. Blastocystis sp. subtypes ST1, ST2, and ST3 were detected in all countries, and ST3 was most predominant. A higher overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in low-income countries as compared to high-income countries, and a higher diversity of Blastocystis subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST6, ST7, ST8) was detected in high-income countries as compared to low-income countries. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in infant gut microbiome samples was lower as compared to adults. Overall, metagenomics-based analysis may be a promising tool for parasite detection from complex microbiome samples in clinical and veterinary medicine.Metagenomics could become the preferred method for parasite detection for a wide range of biological samples. Current parasite detection methods often rely on microscopic examination of the sample or using specific PCR. Metagenomics-based analyses may allow for a faster and more convenient way of detecting parasites in humans and animals, as this approach could serve as a one-for-all untargeted approach for pathogen detection, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Moderation: concept and operationalisation in UK universities
Authors: Poole Brian 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the way “moderation” is defined and operationalised at UK universities. It is hoped that this investigation provides pointers for modifications in university documentation and practices, as well as indicates possible areas for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper begins with a review of relevant scholarly literature, first tracing the history of the concept of moderation (essentially meaning the avoidance of extremes) in western thought and then proceeding to show how moderation is understood and operationalised in UK universities. Relevant documentation from 10 UK universities, all in the public domain, is analysed to show both commonalities and differences in definition and operationalisation of moderation.

Findings
This paper shows that universities differ in their understanding of the scope of moderation, with some seeing it as covering the evaluation of draft assessment artifacts. It is also noted that the distinction between moderation and marking is not always expressed in university documentation in ways that distinguish between the two with maximal clarity.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the relatively small sample of documents examined. Conversely, ancient universities (e.g. Edinburgh), long-established universities (e.g. Manchester) and 1992 and more recent universities (e.g. Manchester Metropolitan University and Suffolk) are contained in the sample, so moderation practices from across the sector are included.

Practical implications
The main findings are that some universities see moderation as including drafting, redrafting and approval of assessment artifacts, whereas others do not. In addition, although all universities stress that moderation and marking are separate activities, some documentation discusses both the activities in tandem; thus, undermining the contention that they are discrete. Both these findings have implications for UK university documentation in terms of both document structure and precise wording.

Originality/value
The approach taken, in which a sample of publicly available university documents is scrutinised and evaluated, casts a new light on understandings of “moderation”, which is a term and concept that may not always be examined critically by lecturers and quality assurance professionals involved in higher education.
Investigating the role of crowdsourcing in improving the quality of production processes: a systematic literature review
Authors: Grimaldi Michele , Vermicelli Silvia , Cricelli Livio 
Published: March 2022

PurposeIn recent years, crowdsourcing – an open and innovative model for outsourcing tasks to a crowd – has become popular for production processes, allowing organizations and firms in different industries to access external skills and expertise efficiently. Companies have opened their innovation processes to crowds outside their boundaries, and users and customers are often involved in developing products in line with market needs. This work aims to investigate the link between crowdsourcing, production and quality to better understand this new interesting phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachAn explicit and systematic method for reviewing the literature was used. Through the selection and analysis of the relevant articles in the field, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of the pros and cons, risks and opportunities, disadvantages, or concerns, as addressed in the literature, for the adoption of crowdsourcing in the production processes.FindingsIt identifies where, how and to what extent crowdsourcing can be applied profitably within the production of products and services, highlighting how crowdsourcing could affect product and process quality. Finally, some directions for future research are outlined from the analysis conducted.Originality/valueThis work applied the systematic literature review to investigate and evaluate the actual use and impact of crowdsourcing on the production process, focusing on quality enhancement contribution.
Australia's LGBTIQ Research Data Landscape
Authors: Saxby Karinna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe past decades have seen rapid changes in societal attitudes and policy surrounding members of the LGBTIQ  community, however this community continues to experience adverse social and economic outcomes relative to their cisgendered heterosexual counterparts. Understanding the LGBTIQ data landscape is essential to promote scholarship in this space and highlight avenues for future data collection. Here I provide an overview of the 17 national data surveys in Australia that capture information on either sexual or gender diversity and are either repeated or longitudinal samples. For each dataset, I provide details on questions pertaining to sexual and gender diversity, indicative sample sizes and age ranges, scope of survey, and data custodians. Altogether, I find thatcollection of information on sexual and gender diverse (SGD) populations in Australia is poor and terminology varies widely. Only seven datasets capture information on both sexual and gender diversity and, of these, none are nationally representative, and only one is a longitudinal sample. Altogether, this review highlights the need for large‐scale, representative and longitudinal data capture of SGD populations in Australia.
Clinicopathological indicators for TERT promoter mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Na Hee Young , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Woochul , Moon Jae Hoon , Ahn Chang Ho , Choi Sang Il , Kim Yeo Koon , Choi June Young , Park So Yeon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveMutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter have been reported as a convincing prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). We aimed to investigate the frequency of TERT promoter mutations in patients with thyroid cancer and identify the clinicopathological factors associated with them in PTCs.DesignA total of 1086 consecutive cases of thyroid cancer composed of mostly PTCs were included in this study. TERT promoter and BRAF mutations were detected by pyrosequencing and their associations with clinicopathological features of tumour were analyzed.ResultsTERT promoter mutations were observed in 1.9% of PTCs, 6.7% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, 8.3% of Hurthle cell carcinomas and 25.0% of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and in a single case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In PTCs, aggressive clinicopathological features, higher stage and BRAF V600E mutation were all found to be associated with TERT promoter mutations. Distant metastasis and disease recurrence were more frequent in TERT promoter‐mutated PTCs. In multivariate analysis, age ≥55 years, tall cell variant, mitoses ≥3/10 high‐power fields, tumour necrosis, and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were identified as independent factors associated with TERT promoter mutations in PTCs.ConclusionsThis study revealed a relatively low frequency of TERT promoter mutations in Korean patients with PTC. Certain clinicopathological features including old age, tall cell variant, increased mitoses, tumour necrosis and gross ETE were found to be indicative of TERT promoter mutations in PTCs, suggesting that mutational analysis in a particular group of PTCs can be effective in regions with low mutation rates.
Colour‐patterned fabric defect detection based on an unsupervised multi‐scale U‐shaped denoising convolutional autoencoder model
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Liu Shuting , Tan Quanlu , Lu Shuai , Yao Le , Ge Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an unsupervised, learning‐based, reconstructed scheme and a residual analysis‐based defect detection model for colour‐patterned fabric defect detection problems in the clothing process industry. It solves the challenging problems of existing supervised fabric defect detection methods, such as high costs in manually labelling samples and designing features, unstable generalisation ability and scarcity of defective samples. First, for a specific texture, the training set was constructed by collecting easily accessible defect‐free colour‐patterned fabric images. Second, a multi‐scale U‐shaped denoising convolutional autoencoder was modelled using defect‐free samples, which can reconstruct the newly tested colour‐patterned fabric images automatically. Subsequently, a residual map between the original image and corresponding reconstructed image was calculated. Finally, the defective areas were detected and accurately localised by further opening operations. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method is valid and robust for detecting defects in various colour‐patterned fabrics. Moreover, with the YDFID‐1 dataset, compared with other models, the intersection over union index of the model proposed in the current paper was improved by at least 3.95%.
Exports to China and Local Employment in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Go Sun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe estimate the effect of exports to China on local employment in South Korea, exploiting variations in trade and employment across 220 South Korean municipalities between 2007 and 2017. To identify the effect of exports on employment, we use a novel instrument: China's exports to the US. This isolates the demand‐side factors for South Korean exports to China from the supply‐side factors that lead to biased estimations using ordinary least squares regressions. The results of a two‐stage least squares estimation using municipality‐level data confirm that increased exports to China contribute to a rise in employment in South Korean local labor markets. This effect occurs mostly in the service and construction industries rather than in the manufacturing sector.
Who is @ease? Visitors’ characteristics and working method of professionally supported peer‐to‐peer youth walk‐in centres, anonymous and free of charge
Authors: Leijdesdorff Sophie M. J. , Rosema Stefanie , Klaassen Rianne M. C. , Popma Arne , van Amelsvoort Therese 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAlthough mental disorders often emerge early in life, only a minority of young people receive timely and appropriate mental health care. A worldwide youth mental health movement aims to prevent development and persistence of psychiatric disorders. As part of this movement, the first four @ease centres were opened in the Netherlands. @ease is a youth driven, professionally supported initiative, providing peer‐to‐peer counselling, anonymous and free of charge, for people aged 12–25.MethodsData consist of a detailed description of the working method of @ease, combined with characteristics of all young people accessing the services between its inception (January 2018) and July 2020.ResultsYoung‐adult peers, including experts by experience, served as counsellors after training in listening, motivational interviewing and solution‐focused strategies. They were supervised by a diverse group of healthcare professionals. A total of 291 visitors, aged 21 on average, were satisfied to very satisfied with @ease's services. Psychosocial distress, social functioning and quality of life measures at first visit showed moderate to severe levels of impairment, and almost half of all visitors reported skipping classes. One third reported parental mental illness, 28% suicidal ideations, and 11% had made specific plans. Less than a third of visitors had received mental health care in the 3 months prior to their visit.ConclusionThis study showed the need for and feasibility of a youth driven, professionally supported organization offering peer‐to‐peer counselling in the Netherlands. Its flexible and individualized working method enables @ease to normalize problems when possible and intervene when necessary.
A supervised learning‐based approach for focused web crawling for IoMT using global co‐occurrence matrix
Authors: Rajiv S , Navaneethan C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIrrelevant search results for a given topic end up wasting search engine users' time. A learning focused web crawler downloads relevant URLs for a given topic using machine‐learning algorithms. The dynamic nature of the web is a challenge in related computation for focused web crawlers. Studies have shown that the learning focused crawler utilizes term frequency‐inverse document frequency (TF‐IDF) to compute the relevance between a web page and a given topic. The TF‐IDF detects similarity of the given topic to its co‐occurrence on the web page. The necessity of efficient mechanism to compute the relevance of URLs syntactically and semantically has led to the proposal of this paper with a word embedding approach to compute the relevance of the web page. The global vector representation cosine similarity is calculated between a topic and the web page contents. The calculated cosine similarity is provided as input to the trained random forest classifier to predict the relevancy of the web page. The evaluation results proved that the proposed crawler produced an average of 0.41 and of 0.59, which outperformed other learning‐focused crawlers on support vector machines, Naive Bayes and artificial neural networks.
Permeability and corrosion resistance of the porous alumina doped by Y2O3 with monodispersed PMMA as pore former
Authors: Li Yanjun , Cao Weidi , Zhao Lianfeng , Liu Donghua , Chen Jin , Cai Yanzhi , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPorous alumina, with monodispersed PMMA as pore former and Y2O3 as sintering additive, was prepared via a gel casting route with Isobam as a gelling agent. The effects of PMMA addition on its properties, including apparent porosity, bulk density, strength, permeability, and corrosion resistance to acid/alkali, were investigated. With PMMA addition increased, the apparent porosity and permeability were increased obviously, while strength and corrosion resistance to acid/alkali were deteriorated due to increased porosity. Higher firing temperature resulted in lower porosity, higher strength, lower permeability, and better corrosion resistance to acid/alkali. Coarser raw powders resulted in lower strength and higher permeability due to the coarser structure and larger pores of the fabricated samples. Because Y2O3 was used as a sintering additive, and no silica was introduced, the resulting samples possess better corrosion resistance to acid and alkali, especially much better corrosion resistance to alkali, than those reported with silica introduced.
Risk factors for incomplete excision of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a large cohort study
Authors: Marsidi N. , Ottevanger R. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N. , Krekel ‐ Taminiau N.M.A. , Goeman J.J. , Genders R.E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe standard treatment for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is surgical excision. Failure to radically remove a cSCC is a risk for recurrence, progression and metastasis.ObjectivesThis study investigates several risk factors for incomplete excision of cSCC.MethodsAll consecutive patients in a single institution treated with wide local excision for primary cSCC over a 10‐year period were included in this study. Risk factors such as: gender, age, immunosuppression, tumour size, location, differentiation grade, tumour depth, perineural and lymphovascular invasion (PNI and LVI) were extracted from the database. Univariable and (if applicable) multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors (P < 0.05). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for multiple tumours within the same patients.ResultsA total of 566 patients with 1159 cSCC were identified. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that depth beyond the dermis (OR: 5.7 95% CI: 3.1–10.5) was the only risk factor for incomplete excision of cSCC. Immunosuppression was only a risk factor in the deep plane (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–4.6).ConclusionTumour depth beyond the dermis is the most important risk factor for incomplete excision of cSCC. Immunosuppression is a risk factor in the deep plane but its relevance is uncertain. Immunosuppression is not consistently included in the current cSCC staging systems, but care should be taken when treating these patients.
Altered T‐cell subset distribution in the viral reservoir in HIV‐1‐infected individuals with extremely low proviral DNA (LoViReTs)
Authors: Gálvez Cristina , Urrea Víctor , Garcia‐Guerrero Maria del Carmen , Bernal Sílvia , Benet Susana , Mothe Beatriz , Bailón Lucía , Dalmau Judith , Martinez Andrea , Nieto Aroa , Leal Lorna , García Felipe , Clotet Bonaventura , Martinez‐Picado Javier , Salgado Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHIV cure strategies aim to eliminate viral reservoirs that persist despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). We have previously described that 9% of HIV‐infected individuals who receive ART harbor low levels of provirus (LoViReTs).MethodsWe selected 22 LoViReTs matched with 22 controls ART suppressed for more than 3 years with fewer than 100 and more than 100 HIV‐DNA copies/106 CD4+ T cells, respectively. We measured HIV reservoirs in blood and host genetic factors. Fourteen LoViReTs underwent leukapheresis to analyze replication‐competent virus, and HIV‐DNA in CD4+ T‐cell subpopulations. Additionally, we measured HIV‐DNA in rectum and/or lymph node biopsies from nine of them.ResultsWe found that LoViReTs harbored not only lower levels of total HIV‐DNA, but also significantly lower intact HIV‐DNA, cell‐associated HIV‐RNA, and ultrasensitive viral load than controls. The proportion of intact versus total proviruses was similar in both groups. We found no differences in the percentage of host factors. In peripheral blood, 71% of LoViReTs had undetectable replication‐competent virus. Minimum levels of total HIV‐DNA were found in rectal and lymph node biopsies compared with HIV‐infected individuals receiving ART. The main contributors to the reservoir were short‐lived transitional memory and effector memory T cells (47% and 29%, respectively), indicating an altered distribution of the HIV reservoir in the peripheral T‐cell subpopulations of LoViReTs.ConclusionIn conclusion, LoViReTs are characterized by low levels of viral reservoir in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, which might be explained by an altered distribution of the proviral HIV‐DNA towards more short‐lived memory T cells. LoViReTs can be considered exceptional candidates for future interventions aimed at curing HIV.
Mineral and glycerol concentrations in drinking water on body weight loss and acid‐base balance in feed‐deprived Holstein bulls
Authors: Wilms Juliette N. , Carvalho Isabela P. , van Empel Mireille , Martín‐Tereso Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSituations in which cattle are feed‐deprived over extensive periods of time are common in the context of transport and is an animal welfare concern which may also compromise growth and carcass yield grade. This study investigated how the main components of an oral rehydration solution would affect BW loss and blood parameters in feed‐deprived bulls. Three dose–response experiments were performed with 24 bulls each (n = 6 per treatment) to study the effect of mineral concentration in Study I (0, 100, 200 and 300 mOsm/kg), the K+ to Na+ ratio in Study II (25:75, 40:60, 60:40 and 75:25), and glycerol concentration in Study III (0%, 1%, 2% and 4% of the final solution). The blocking factor was initial BW and treatments were randomly assigned within each block. Measurements included fluid intakes, BW, and blood parameters at 0, 24 and 48 h relative to the start of feed deprivation. In Study I, increasing mineral concentration in solution linearly decreased BW losses at 48 h. At 24 and 48 h, serum urea linearly decreased with increasing mineral concentration. At 48 h, blood K+ and Na+ linearly increased, resulting in increased blood osmolarity. Additionally, at 24 h feed deprivation, blood pH linearly increased with increasing osmolality. In Study II, BW losses decreased with increasing K+ to Na+ ratio at 24 h, but not at 48 h. No effect of the K+ to Na+ ratio was found on blood parameters, apart from a trend for a linear decrease of blood osmolarity at 48 h. In Study III, serum urea tended to linearly decrease with increasing glycerol inclusion at 24 h, while blood glucose linearly increased with glycerol inclusion at 24 and 48 h. These combined results indicated that a solution with an osmolality of 200 mOsm/kg and a high K+ to Na+ ratio would effectively mitigate BW losses and maintain blood acid–base balance, whereas high glycerol inclusion sustained blood glucose in feed‐deprived bulls.