bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dannelse og idrætsdidaktiske modeller
Authors: Jensen Jens-Ole , Volshøj Esben 
Published: April 2022

ResuméDe seneste 20 år har der især i den angelsaksiske verden været et stærkt fokus på at anvende idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisningen med henblik på at fremme refleksioner om valg af mål, indhold og metode. Modellerne er imidlertid overvejende udviklet inden for en angelsaksisk uddannelsestradition, og de forholder sig ikke til dannelsesspørgsmål eller formålet med undervisning. Endvidere er det karakteristisk for de idrætsdidaktiske modeller, at de er udviklet enkeltvist, og der mangler derfor refleksioner om og kriterier for, hvordan man kan sammensætte modeller, der samlet set tilgodeser, at undervisningen bidrager til elevernes dannelse. Formålet med nærværende artikel er at diskutere, hvordan man med et uddannelsesteoretisk perspektiv kan kvalificere valget af idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisningen med henblik på dannelse. Artiklen er baseret på et litteraturstudie af idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisning og foreslår, at almendannelse i idrætsundervisning kan fremmes gennem Gert Biestas bestemmelse af formålet med uddannelse.
Abstract (UK)In this article, we contribute to the discussion of models-based practice (MbP) in physical education (PE). The common pedagogical approach to PE has been criticized for being biased towards introductory activity-based instruction and mastering discipline-specific skills. To address this problem, it has been suggested that PE should be based on different pedagogical models. However, no metareflection have suggested how these models should be chosen. Based on a Bildung theoretical approach we suggest that models are chosen on the basic of the purpose of education. More specific we suggest a Bildung theoretical perspective based on Gert Biesta’s reflections on education and its purpose as qualification, socialization and subjectification.
Reliability and Maintenance of Assets in Electric Power Distribution Network
Authors: A. Olajuyin E. , Olubakinde Eniola 
Published: April 2022

Regular and stable supply of power to the consumers is very essential in the power system since reliability is one of the yardsticks that can be used to measure the performance of a service provider and reliability is ability of the system to function satisfactorily under stated condition at a particular period of time. Reliability and maintenance of assets in electric power distribution network was investigated using statistical analysis of outages data. Five years outages data caused by cables, transformers, breakers, line conductors and busbars & isolators were collected from Abule-Egba 33/11kV Injection substation in Ikeja Electricity Distribution Company, Lagos state and each year obtained data was represented in chart and also the comparison of the failures of different components within the observed years were represented in chart. Failure rate (λ), reliability ( ) and Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) were calculated and the obtained results were typified by chart. From the calculations and the data obtained from the station, it was observed that transformers had the lowest reliability(46.61%) and cables had the highest reliability (82.95%).Engaging in preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance could enhance reliability of the system and this practice will in turn prevent or minimize failure rate of transformers and other devices.
Dental Stem Cell Therapy: Awareness and Perspective among Indian Orthodontists
Authors: Hemamalini D. , Faizee K. M. Shahul Hameed , Piradhiba R. , Veerasankar S. , Dhayananth L. Xavier 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To assess the, awareness of stem cells among Orthodontists in India.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, self-modified, validated questionnaire-based, nationwide survey was conducted among practicing Orthodontists and postgraduate students belonging to various colleges in India. A total of 502 participants completed the questionnaire. Google Form link was generated and circulated. Data were imported in Microsoft Excel (Version 2016) format. The data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Inferential statistics were performed using the Chi-square test. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentages.
Results: The awareness of the participants about stem cells was assessed. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparing both the groups (p<0.0001)
Conclusion: This is a nationwide survey to assess the levels of awareness of the Postgraduate students and the Orthodontists towards dental stem cell therapy. It has been seen that there are a variety of responses across the zones among the groups. Overall comparisons have suggested that there is equitable knowledge among all the participants towards stem cell applications. Comparatively lesser scores have been reported by the postgraduates in the knowledge and awareness domains.
Visualizing Ultrafast Defect‐Controlled Interlayer Electron–Phonon Coupling in Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Jiangcai , Liu Yuanshuang , Wang Yong , Xu Lujie , Huang Li , Liu Dameng , Luo Jianbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEngineering ultrafast interlayer coupling provides access to new quantum phenomena and novel device functionalities in atomically thin van der Waals heterostructures. However, due to all the atoms of a monolayer material being exposed at the interfaces, the interlayer coupling is extremely susceptible to defects, resulting in high energy dissipation through heat and low device performance. The study of how defects affect the interlayer coupling at ultrafast and atomic scales remains a challenge. Here, using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy, a new defect‐induced ultrafast interlayer electron–phonon coupling pathway is identified in a WS2/graphene heterostructure, involving a three‐body collision between electrons in WS2 and both acoustic phonons and defects in graphene. This interaction manifests as the reduced defect‐related Raman resonant activity and the accelerated electron–phonon scattering time from 7.1 to 2.4 ps. Furthermore, the ultrafast interlayer coupling process is directly imaged. These insights will advance the fundamental knowledge of heat dissipation in nanoscale devices, and enable new ways to dynamically manipulate electrons and phonons via defects in van der Waals heterostructures.
The Role of Long‐Alkyl‐Group Spacers in Glycolated Copolymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Tan Ellasia , Kim Jingwan , Stewart Katherine , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Kwon Sooncheol , Siemons Nicholas , Kim Jehan , Jiang Yifei , Frost Jarvist M. , Pearce Drew , Tyrrell James E. , Nelson Jenny , Owens Roisin M. , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSemiconducting polymers with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) sidechains have attracted strong research interest for organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) applications. However, key molecular design rules for high‐performance OECTs via efficient mixed electronic/ionic charge transport are still unclear. In this work, new glycolated copolymers (gDPP‐TTT and gDPP‐TTVTT) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor and thiophene (T) and vinylene (V) thiophene‐based donor units are synthesized and characterized for accumulation mode OECTs, where a long‐alkyl‐group (C12) attached to the DPP unit acts as a spacer distancing the OEG groups from the polymer backbone. gDPP‐TTVTT shows the highest OECT transconductance (61.9 S cm–1) and high operational stability, compared to gDPP‐TTT and their alkylated counterparts. Surprisingly, gDPP‐TTVTT also shows high electronic charge mobility in a field‐effect transistor, suggesting efficient ion injection/diffusion without hindering its efficient electronic charge transport. The elongated donor unit (TTVTT) facilitates hole polaron formation to be more localized to the donor unit, leading to faster and easier polaron formation with less impact on polymer structure during OECT operation, as opposed to the TTT unit. This is supported by molecular dynamics simulation. These simultaneously high electronic and ionic charge‐transport properties are achieved due to the long‐alkyl‐group spacer in amphipathic sidechains, providing an important molecular design rule for glycolated copolymers.
Bioinspired Structures for Soft Actuators
Authors: Wei Shuzhen , Ghosh Tushar K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiological organisms present marvelous morphing behaviors from the quiescent blooming of flowers to the energetic wing‐flapping of birds that have always inspired humans to design better‐engineered products. The diversity of natural motion is attributed primarily to the intricate and hierarchical structure of actuators that are self‐assembled from nanoscale structures to superstructures. Compared to the biological actuators, their manmade counterparts, often with significantly limited capabilities, are fabricated from various materials with relatively simple structures using limited fabrication techniques. With the rapid developments in technologies that require soft robotics and human‐machine interfaces, there is increasing demand for soft actuators with improved capabilities such as larger output force, repeatability, and a more comprehensive range of motion. Biological actuators provide critical insights into the structure‐function relationship and offer exciting concepts to advance the science and technology of artificial soft actuators. Here, the design approaches found in natural actuation systems are discussed from the nanoscale to the highest levels in the structural hierarchy and the physical principles involved in their diverse actuation capabilities. In that context, finally, the fabrication techniques that have been utilized for manmade soft actuators, with a focus on the advantages, challenges, and concepts for potential future developments are reviewed.
Self‐Regulative Direct Ink Writing of Frontally Polymerizing Thermoset Polymers
Authors: Aw Jia En , Zhang Xiang , Nelson Arif Z. , Dean Leon M. , Yourdkhani Mostafa , Ewoldt Randy H. , Geubelle Philippe H. , Sottos Nancy R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability to manufacture highly intricate designs is one of the key advantages of 3D printing. Achieving high dimensional accuracy requires precise, often time‐consuming calibration of the process parameters. Computerized feedback control systems for 3D printing enable sensing and real‐time adaptation and optimization of these parameters at every stage of the print, but multiple challenges remain with sensor embedment and measurement accuracy. In contrast to these active control approaches, here, the authors harness frontal polymerization (FP) to rapidly cure extruded filament in tandem with the printing process. A temperature gradient present along the filament, which is dependent on the printing parameters, can impose control over this exothermic reaction. Experiments and theory reveal a self‐regulative mechanism between filament temperature and cure kinetics that allows the frontal cure speed to autonomously match the print speed. This self‐regulative printing process rapidly adapts to changes in print speed and environmental conditions to produce complex, high‐fidelity structures and freestanding architectures spanning up to 100 mm, greatly expanding the capabilities of direct ink writing (DIW).
Comparison of knee arthrocentesis first‐attempt success between Ultrasound‐Guided, Ultrasound‐Localised and Landmark‐Guided techniques in the novice: A crossover study with random order of events
Authors: Delesky Edward Matthew , Gaughan John , Roberts Brian , Sodhi Sarab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeTo compare knee arthrocentesis first‐attempt success using landmark‐guided, ultrasound‐localised and ultrasound‐guided techniques when performed by third‐year medical students.MethodsIn this prospective, crossover study with randomised order of events, medical students performed three different arthrocentesis techniques on knee models: landmark‐guided, ultrasound‐localised and ultrasound‐guided. Each subject attempted the techniques in a randomly assigned permutation at both high‐ and low‐volume simulated knee effusions. The data were analysed with general estimating equations, which produced odds ratios comparing first‐attempt success between different techniques at all effusion volumes.ResultsNinety four of 111 third‐year medical students were enrolled. Proportions of first‐attempt success for the landmark‐guided, US‐localised and US‐guided were 72%, 86% and 75%, respectively. For all effusion volumes, US‐localised demonstrated a statistically significant increase in first‐attempt success over the landmark‐guided technique, OR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.52–3.70). There was a greater increase in first‐attempt success at low‐volume effusions, OR = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.47–5.56), but no significant increase at high‐volume effusions: OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.00–3.45). For all effusion volumes, US‐guided demonstrated no difference to first‐attempt success compared with landmark, OR = 1.15 (95% CI: 0.71–1.85). At low‐volume effusions, US‐guided demonstrated a statistically significant increase in first‐attempt success over landmark‐guided, OR = 2.17 (95% CI: 1.10–4.35), with no significant difference at high volumes, OR: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.28–1.06).DiscussionThe data presented here suggest that in this simulated knee model of arthrocentesis, ultrasound‐guided approaches tend to have best efficacy at lower volume effusions, while ultrasound localized tends to do best at higher volume effusions, and both tended to perform better than the landmark technique. This study specifically looked at novices to both arthrocentesis and ultrasound, so extrapolating these results to other groups would require more study, but suggests that ultrasound incorporation into arthrocentesis benefits may offer some benefits for success rates and first attempt success.ConclusionIn simulated knee arthrocentesis, ultrasound‐guided techniques increased first‐attempt success over landmark‐guided techniques among medical students. This increase was most evident for arthrocentesis of smaller volume effusions.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Xu Chen , Lin Quanjie , Shan Chuan , Han Xin , Wang Hao , Wang Heng , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Zhi , Guo Chenxing , Xie Yinghao , Yu Xiujun , Song Bo , Song Heng , Wojtas Lukasz , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChirality is one of the most important intrinsic properties of (supra)molecules. In this study, we obtained enantiomeric metallo‐supramolecular octahedra without using any chiral sources. Such cages were self‐assembled by prochiral trispyridine ligandLbased on aC3htruxene core and CuIIsalts. Crystallization of the cages with BF4−as counterions afforded racemate crystals; while crystallizations of cages with ClO4−and OTf−as counterions resulted in conglomerates with spontaneous resolution. Three types of chirality were observed in each cage, including planar chirality of the truxene core, axial chirality from the pyridyl and truxene moieties, and propeller chirality of the pyridyl‐CuIIcoordination sites. The cages reported here are among the largest discrete synthetic metallo‐supramolecules ever reported with chiral self‐sorting behavior. Remarkably, the chiral cages exhibited very slow racemization even at low concentrations, suggesting their high stability in solution.
On‐Surface Debromination of 2,3‐Bis(dibromomethyl)‐ and 2,3‐Bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene: Dimerization or Polymerization?
Authors: Tang Yanning , Ejlli Barbara , Niu Kaifeng , Li Xuechao , Hao Zhengming , Xu Chaojie , Zhang Haiming , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Muellen Klaus , Chi Lifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe the on‐surface dehalogenative homocoupling of benzylic bromides, namely bis‐bromomethyl‐ and bis‐gem‐(dibromomethyl) naphthalene as a potential route to either hydrocarbon dimers or conjugated polymers on Au(111). While bis‐gem‐(dibromomethyl) naphthalene affords different dimers with naphthocyclobutadiene as the key intermediate, bis‐bromomethyl naphthalene furnishes a poly(o‐naphthylene vinylidene) as a non‐conjugated polymer which undergoes dehydrogenation toward its conjugated derivative poly(o‐naphthylene vinylene) upon mild annealing. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, non‐contact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculations provides deep insights into the prevailing mechanisms.
Trap Inlaid Cationic Hybrid Composite Material for Efficient Segregation of Toxic Chemicals from Water
Authors: Fajal Sahel , Mandal Writakshi , Mollick Samraj , More Yogeshwer D. , Torris Arun , Saurabh Satyam , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐based oxoanions are potentially toxic pollutants that can cause serious water pollution. Therefore, the segregation of such species has recently received significant research attention. Even though several adsorbents have been employed for effective management of chemicals, their limited microporous nature along with non‐monolithic applicability has thwarted their large‐scale real‐time application. Herein, we developed a unique anion exchangeable hybrid composite aerogel material (IPcomp‐6), integrating a stable cationic metal–organic polyhedron with a hierarchically porous metal–organic gel. The composite scavenger demonstrated a highly selective and very fast segregation efficiency for various hazardous oxoanions such as, HAsO42−, SeO42−, ReO4−, CrO42−, MnO4−, in water, in the presence of 100‐fold excess of other coexisting anions. The material was able to selectively eliminate trace HAsO42− even at low concentration to well below the AsV limit in drinking water defined by WHO.
Carbon Uniformly Distributed SiOx/C Composite with Excellent Structure Stability for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ling Yang , Gao Yuan , Peng Yan , Guan Shiyou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilicon oxides (SiOx, 0<x<2) has been considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for high specific energy anode materials and attracted extensive attention. However, there are still some shortcomings within SiOx that extremely limit its promotion in industry, especially the large volume expansion and poor conductivity. Reasonable design of silicon oxides (SiOx) electrode material is very important to improve its energy storage performance. Here, we fabricated a novel porous SiOx/C nanohybrids based on the facile sol‐gel method followed by pyrolysis, in which carbon and SiOx not only exhibited uniform distribution at the nanoscale, the stability of SiOx/C network can also be easily adjusted via controlling the hydrolysis and condensation rate of precursors in situ. Thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity and structural stability of carbon, uniform distribution of SiOx and carbon at the nanoscale, as well as the porous structure. The SiOx/C(50) electrode, with the most appropriate carbon content, delivered a high lithium storage capacity and excellent cyclability. Specifically, a reversible capacity of 808 mA h g−1 can be achieved at 100 mA g−1, retaining 666 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. And the reversible capacity still retained ∼550 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1.
In vitro mucoadhesive properties of hydrophilic polymers: Effects of contact time, disk shape, and molecular weight
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Shin Daehyun , Koo Jain , Kim Jungseop , Na Seon Jeong , Bang Joon Seok , Na Dong Hee , Lee Jaehwi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of various factors, including contact time, disk shape, and polymer molecular weight, on the in vitro mucoadhesive properties of disks prepared using hydrophilic polymers. Mucoadhesive performance was evaluated by measuring the peak detachment force and work of adhesion values using tensile tests. The mucoadhesive force and work of adhesion values increased with increasing contact time between the polymeric disks and mucin gel layer until 60 s. Increased mucoadhesive performances were typically observed when the disks comprised high‐molecular‐weight polymers, which indicates the increase in the entanglement. Increasing the thicknesses of the disks allowed the disks to absorb more water and thereby have more flexible polymeric chains, enhancing the mucoadhesive capacity. The proportional increase in the mucoadhesive force and work values were observed with increasing the surface areas of the disks. In conclusion, this study comprehensively demonstrated the effects of various experimental factors on mucoadhesion.
The global, regional, national burden of nasopharyngeal cancer and its attributable risk factors (1990–2019) and predictions to 2035
Authors: Song Yexun , Cheng Wenwei , Li Heqing , Liu Xiajing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe aim to report the latest incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), and provide predictions to 2035. We use estimates from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 to analyze the incidence, mortality, and DALYs. All the estimates were shown as counts and age‐standardized rates (ASR). In 2019, there were more than 176,501 (156,046 to 199,917) incidence cases, with ASRs of 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4). Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) accounted for 71,610 (65,442 to 77,625) deaths, with ASRs of 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9). NPC was also responsible for 2.34 million (2,139,753 to 2,536,657) DALYs, with ASRs of 28.0 (25.7 to 30.4). The count of all the new cases increased from 1990 to 2019. At the regional level, the highest age‐standardized incidence rates were found in East Asia, the highest age‐standardized death and DALY rates were shown in Southeast Asia. At the national level, the age‐standardized incidence rates were highest in Singapore, and the age‐standardized death and DALY rates were highest in Malaysia. The total numbers and rates of all the estimates were significantly higher among males than females across most of the age groups. The considerable burden of NPC was attributable to alcohol use, smoking, and occupational exposure to formaldehyde. A total of six GBD regions and 88 countries are projected to experience an increase in NPC ASRs between 2019 and 2035, respectively. Despite the current decline in age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates globally, the age‐standardized incidence rate has increased from 1990 to 2019, and continues to increase between 2020 and 2035, indicating that nasopharyngeal cancer remains a major health challenge worldwide. Prevention strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors, especially among males in East Asia.
Endocarditis following transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement: What's the difference?
Authors: Goldsweig Andrew M. , Hermiller James B. 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
In patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), surgical intervention is rarely performed.
For the treatment of TAVR PVE, surgical AVR (SAVR) and medical therapy resulted in similar rates of in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day readmissions, though SAVR patients had greater lengths of stay and costs of care.
Randomized data comparing surgical and medical therapy for PVE are lacking and especially needed, both for patients with TAVR and SAVR valves.