bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Christian Theology
Authors: Plantinga Richard J. , Thompson Thomas R. , Lundberg Matthew D. 
Published: October 2022

Far from being solely an academic enterprise, the practice of theology can pique the interest of anyone who wonders about the meaning of life. This introduction to Christian theology – exploring its basic concepts, confessional content, and history – emphasizes the relevance of the key convictions of Christian faith to the challenges of today's world. Part I introduces the project of Christian theology and sketches the critical context that confronts Christian thought and practice today. Part II offers a survey of the key doctrinal themes of Christian theology, including revelation, the triune God, and the world as creation, identifying their biblical basis and the highlights of their historical development before giving a systematic evaluation of each theme. Part III provides an overview of Christian theology from the early church to the present. Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of An Introduction to Christian Theology includes a range of new visual and pedagogical features, including images, diagrams, tables, and more than eighty text boxes, which call attention to special emphases, observations, and applications to help deepen student engagement.
Migrations and Revolutions in Brazil over Two Centuries
Authors: Eakin Marshall C. 
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Before the Flood: The Itaipu Dam and the Visibility of Rural Brazil. By Jacob Blanc. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. 320. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478004899.For Land and Liberty: Black Struggles in Rural Brazil. By Merle L. Bowen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xxii + 248. $99.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108832359.Agriculture and Industry in Brazil: Innovation and Competitiveness. By Albert Fishlow and José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 244. $70.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780231549523.Migration and the Making of Industrial São Paulo. By Paulo Fontes. Foreword by Barbara Weinstein. Translated from the Portuguese by Ned Sublette. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. xvi + 280. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822361343.An Economic and Demographic History of São Paulo 1850–1950. By Francisco Vidal Luna and Herbert S. Klein. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. Pp. xxviii + 448. $75.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781503602007.Brazil’s Long Revolution: Radical Achievements of the Landless Workers Movement. By Anthony Pahnke. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2018. Pp. xx + 274. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816536030.
Do FinTech Mortgage Lenders Fill the Credit Gap? Evidence from Natural Disasters
Authors: Allen Linda , Shan Yu , Shen Yao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter exogenous demand shocks caused by natural disasters, FinTech lenders are more responsive to increased demand for reconstruction mortgages than traditional banks and non-FinTech shadow banks. Both FinTech and traditional banks increase credit supply, but FinTech supply is more elastic without increases in risk-adjusted interest rates or delinquency rates. Comparing lending supply channels, banks respond to regulatory incentives to lend to damaged areas, whereas FinTech lenders supply more credit when traditional banks rely more on balance sheet financing and physical branch networks. Compared to traditional banks, FinTech lenders increase supply elasticity more aggressively in response to local competitive pressure.
Disordered gambling in a longitudinal birth cohort: from childhood precursors to adult life outcomes
Authors: Slutske Wendy S. , Richmond-Rakerd Leah S. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Ramrakha Sandhya , Poulton Richie , Moffitt Terrie E. , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite its introduction into the diagnostic nomenclature over four decades ago, there remain large knowledge gaps about disordered gambling. The primary aims of the present study were to document the long-term course, childhood precursors, and adult life outcomes associated with disordered gambling.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study were prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times from age 18; composite measures of childhood social class, general intelligence, and low self-control were based on assessments obtained from birth through age 15; adult socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes were obtained through age 45. Lifetime disordered gambling was predicted from the three childhood precursors and the adult outcomes were predicted from lifetime disordered gambling.ResultsPast-year disordered gambling usually occurred at only a single time point and recurrence was relatively uncommon. Lower childhood social class, general intelligence, and self-control significantly predicted lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood. In turn, lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood significantly predicted occupational, educational, and financial problems in adulthood (ds = 0.23–0.41). These associations were markedly reduced and sometimes rendered nonsignificant after adjusting for childhood precursors (ds = 0.04–0.32).ConclusionsSocioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes in adulthood are not merely consequences of disordered gambling, but also are predicted from childhood precursors. Deflecting the trajectories of young people at risk for developing disordered gambling may help to ameliorate not just the development of later disordered gambling, but also other associated adverse outcomes.
The modal argument and Bailey's contingent physicalism: a rejoinder
Authors: Moreland J. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhilosophy is experiencing a resurgence of property (PD) and generic substance dualism (SD). One important argument for SD that has played a role in this resurgence is some version of a modal argument. Until recently, premise (3) of the argument (Possibly, I exist, and no wholly physical objects exist.) has garnered most of the attention by critics. However, more recently, the focus has also been on (2) (Wholly physical objects are essentially, wholly, and intrinsically physical and wholly spiritual substances are essentially, wholly, and intrinsically immaterial.). Andrew Bailey has provided one of the best criticisms of (2) on offer. In what follows, I present and clarify one form of the argument and defend premise (2) by responding to important defeaters proffered by Andrew Bailey and his contingent physicalism.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: update and new insights from the second report of an Iranian referral hospital
Authors: Mamishi Setareh , Olfat Mehrnaz , Pourakbari Babak , Eshaghi Hamid , Abdolsalehi Mohammad Reza , Shahbabaie Mohammad Ali , Jalali Fatemeh , Safari Fatemeh , Mahmoudi Shima 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Here, we are sharing our second report about children affected by Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The aim of the present study was to update our knowledge about children with MIS-C. Furthermore, we tried to compare clinical manifestations, laboratory features and final outcome of patients based on disease severity, in order to better understanding of the nature of this novel syndrome.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at Children's Medical Center Hospital, the hub of excellence in paediatrics in Iran, located in Tehran, Iran. We reviewed medical records of children admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of MIS-C from July 2020 to October 2021.

Results
One hundred and twenty-two patients enrolled the study. Ninety-seven (79.5%) patients had mild to moderate MIS-C (MIS-C without overlap with KD (n = 80); MIS-C overlapping with KD (n = 17)) and 25 (20.5%) patients showed severe MIS-C. The mean age of all patients was 6.4 ± 4.0 years. Nausea and vomiting (53.3%), skin rash (49.6%), abdominal pain (46.7%) and conjunctivitis (41.8%) were also frequently seen Headache, chest pain, tachypnea and respiratory distress were significantly more common in patients with severe MIS-C (P < 0.0001, P = 0.021, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Positive anti-N severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgM and IgG were detected in 14 (33.3%) and 23 (46.9%) tested patients, respectively. Albumin, and vitamin D levels in children with severe MISC were significantly lower than children with mild to moderate MIS-C (P < 0.0001, P = 0.05). Unfortunately, 2 (1.6%) of 122 patients died and both had severe MIS-C.

Conclusion
Patients with MIS-C in our region suffer from wide range of signs and symptoms. Among laboratory parameters, hypoalbuminemia and low vitamin D levels may predict a more severe course of the disease. Coronary artery dilation is frequently seen among all patients, regardless of disease severity.
On mappings on the hypercube with small average stretch
Authors: Boczkowski Lucas , Shinkar Igor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet
$A \subseteq \{0,1\}^n$
be a set of size
$2^{n-1}$
, and let
$\phi \,:\, \{0,1\}^{n-1} \to A$
be a bijection. We define the average stretch of
$\phi$
as
\begin{equation*} {\sf avgStretch}(\phi ) = {\mathbb E}[{{\sf dist}}(\phi (x),\phi (x'))], \end{equation*}
where the expectation is taken over uniformly random
$x,x' \in \{0,1\}^{n-1}$
that differ in exactly one coordinate.In this paper, we continue the line of research studying mappings on the discrete hypercube with small average stretch. We prove the following results.For any set
$A \subseteq \{0,1\}^n$
of density
$1/2$
there exists a bijection
$\phi _A \,:\, \{0,1\}^{n-1} \to A$
such that
${\sf avgStretch}(\phi _A) = O\left(\sqrt{n}\right)$
.For
$n = 3^k$
let
${A_{\textsf{rec-maj}}} = \{x \in \{0,1\}^n \,:\,{\textsf{rec-maj}}(x) = 1\}$
, where
${\textsf{rec-maj}} \,:\, \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$
is the function recursive majority of 3’s. There exists a bijection
$\phi _{{\textsf{rec-maj}}} \,:\, \{0,1\}^{n-1} \to{A_{\textsf{rec-maj}}}$
such that
${\sf avgStretch}(\phi _{{\textsf{rec-maj}}}) = O(1)$
.Let
${A_{{\sf tribes}}} = \{x \in \{0,1\}^n \,:\,{\sf tribes}(x) = 1\}$
. There exists a bijection
$\phi _{{\sf tribes}} \,:\, \{0,1\}^{n-1} \to{A_{{\sf tribes}}}$
such that
${\sf avgStretch}(\phi _{{\sf tribes}}) = O(\!\log (n))$
.These results answer the questions raised by Benjamini, Cohen, and Shinkar (Isr. J. Math 2016).
Aortopulmonary window, aortic arch interruption, and anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery in a neonate with Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: Foreman Kaitlyn , Miller Lindsey , Kumar S. Ram , Uzunyan Merujan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe combination of aortopulmonary window, interruption of the aortic arch, and anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare and complex congenital cardiac malformation. Despite good prenatal care in our case, this cardiac anomaly was not detected prior to birth. Untreated infants who do not undergo surgical correction have a mortality rate of 70% in their first year, and 30% will die within the first 3 months of life.
Precise Limb Tourniquet Arterial Occlusion Pressure Determination using Real-Time Ultrasonography and a Capacitive-Based Force Sensor
Authors: Wood Jeffrey N. , Krippendorf Benjamin S. , Blakeney Craig A. , Kummer Tobias , Hooke Alexander W. , Mullan Aidan F. , Sztajnkrycer Matthew D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Hemorrhage control prior to shock onset is increasingly recognized as a time-critical intervention. Although tourniquets (TQs) have been demonstrated to save lives, less is known about the physiologic parameters underlying successful TQ application beyond palpation of distal pulses. The current study directly visualized distal arterial occlusion via ultrasonography and measured associated pressure and contact force.Methods:Fifteen tactical officers participated as live models for the study. Arterial occlusion was performed using a standard adult blood pressure (BP) cuff and a Combat Application Tourniquet Generation 7 (CAT7) TQ, applied sequentially to the left mid-bicep. Arterial flow cessation was determined by radial artery palpation and brachial artery pulsed wave doppler ultrasound (US) evaluation. Steady state maximal generated force was measured using a thin-film force sensor.Results:The mean (95% CI) systolic blood pressure (SBP) required to occlude palpable distal pulse was 112.9mmHg (109-117); contact force was 23.8N [Newton] (22.0-25.6). Arterial flow was visible via US in 100% of subjects despite lack of palpable pulse. The mean (95% CI) SBP and contact force to eliminate US flow were 132mmHg (127-137) and 27.7N (25.1-30.3). The mean (95% CI) number of windlass turns to eliminate a palpable pulse was 1.3 (1.0-1.6) while 1.6 (1.2-1.9) turns were required to eliminate US flow.Conclusions:Loss of distal radial pulse does not indicate lack of arterial flow distal to upper extremity TQ. On average, an additional one-quarter windlass turn was required to eliminate distal flow. Blood pressure and force measurements derived in this study may provide data to guide future TQ designs and inexpensive, physiologically accurate TQ training models.
Relativism, Fallibilism, and the Need for Interpretive Charity
Authors: Elzein Nadine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘Relativists' and ‘absolutists' about truth often see their own camp as promoting virtues, such as open-mindedness and intellectual humility, and see the opposing camp as fostering vices, like closed-mindedness and arrogance. Relativism is accused of fostering these vices because it entails that each person’s beliefs are automatically right for the person who holds them. How can we be humble or open-minded if we cannot concede that we might be wrong? Absolutism is accused of fostering these vices because the view is seen as entailing certainty. This also seems to preclude us from conceding that we could be wrong. However, no relativist defends the Protagorean version of relativism that entails infallibilism. And no absolutist posits infallible certainty. Fallibilism really is a precondition of various virtues, but both camps take themselves to be defending fallibilist positions against opponents who they take to be committed to infallibilism. Philosophers may inadvertently end up promoting precisely the sort of infallibilism they oppose by creating a false dichotomy and caricaturing the opposing camp. This underscores the importance of interpretive charity in both academic and public debate.
How the American Public Perceived Electoral Competition in the States during the Pre-poll Era: A Prediction Market Data Analysis of the 1896 Presidential Election
Authors: Perez Vanessa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study uses prediction market data from the nation’s historical election betting markets to measure electoral competition in the American states during the era before the advent of scientific polling. Betting odds data capture ex ante expectations of electoral closeness in the aggregate, and as such improve upon existing measures of competition based on election returns data. Situated in an analysis of the 1896 presidential election and its associated realignment, I argue that the market odds data show that people were able to anticipate the realignment and that expectations on the outcome in the states influenced voter turnout. Findings show that a month ahead of the election betting markets accurately forecast a McKinley victory in most states. This study further demonstrates that the market predictions identify those states where electoral competition would increase or decline that year and the consequences of these expected partisanship shifts on turnout. In places where the anticipation was for a close race voter expectations account for a turnout increase of as much as 6%. Participation dropped by 1%–6% in states perceived as becoming electorally uncompetitive. The results support the conversion and dealignment theories from the realignment literature.
Summary of Living on the Edge: An American Generation’s Journey Through the Twentieth Century
Authors: Settersten Richard A. , Elder Glen H. , Pearce Lisa D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiving on the Edge: An American Generation’s Journey through the Twentieth Century (University of Chicago Press, 2021) tells the story of the rarely studied 1900 generation, from their social origins to their old age, as they coped with and adapted to the revolutionary changes of the last century. Using longitudinal data from the Berkeley Guidance Study, the authors followed 420 parents (210 couples) born between 1885 and 1908, all of whom had children born in Berkeley between 1928–29. The analyses, which often challenge conventional wisdom, reveal their status as a “hinge generation,” or bridge, between past and present in their educational, work, and family experiences. Following highlights from the authors, four scholars offer critical commentary on the book. Matt Nelson addresses challenges related to analyzing kinship networks and patterns of economic assistance across the Great Depression era, pointing to measurement limitations that obscure important forms of aid. Kelly Condit-Shrestha raises concerns related to race and ethnicity, especially the absence of Black, American Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and Hispanic persons in the original study, as well as to westward migration, American Empire, and white-settler colonialism. Silvia Pedraza addresses crucial social class differences (middle class versus working class) in the expectations and experiences of women, calling for greater clarity in the relationship between women’s roles and notions of “respectability.” Finally, Evan Roberts takes up some of the complex methodological issues involved in leveraging historical data to understand the life course and identifying the uniquely disruptive nature of social change across generations and countries.
Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Meridional Oscillations Over East Asia and Their Influences on Precipitation
Authors: Xu Yiming , Sun Xuguang , Yang Xiu‐Qun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe intraseasonal meridional wave trains are the major features of East Asia summer monsoon (EASM), but the complete physical pictures of dynamic pathways from tropical and mid‐high latitudes and their climate impacts have not been fully illustrated. With NCEP‐DOE Reanalysis‐II daily data set, two boreal summer intraseasonal meridional oscillations (ISMOs) are isolated and identified by extended EOF of zonal wind anomalies along the coast of East Asia on 10‐ to 30‐day timescale, that is, ISMO1 and ISMO2. They both demonstrate obvious quasi‐biweekly oscillations with an equivalent barotropic structure in troposphere, and ISMO1 represents the southward propagating wave train with large variances in upper level, which is initiated from the West Europe and primarily forced by the soil moisture anomalies over mid‐high latitudes of Eurasian continent, whereas ISMO2 propagates northward in mid‐lower troposphere from the tropical western North Pacific to East Asia that is closely related to BSISO2. The two ISMOs are capable of explaining a large fraction of the total intraseasonal variances of EASM, wherein, ISMO1 is responsible for a meridional dipole pattern of precipitation anomalies over eastern China, while ISMO2 has major influence in southern China. Generally, ISMO‐caused changes of extreme precipitation probability are in good accordance with the spatial pattern of its related 10‐ to 30‐day intraseasonal precipitation anomalies. Since ISMO1 and ISMO2 can clearly separate the tropical and extratropical‐origin meridional oscillations and further have robust influences on precipitation over East Asia, they can be used as the new monitoring and predicting factors to the intraseasonal variations of EASM and their associated extreme precipitation.
Diverse Responses of Multiple Satellite‐Derived Vegetation Greenup Onsets to Dry Periods in the Amazon
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Shen Yu , Gao Shuai , Wang Weile , Schaaf Crystal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSatellite‐derived vegetation greenness and seasonal dynamics in the Amazon have generated considerable academic debate over the past two decades. Despite this, the phenological timing of Amazon forests and, in particular their responses to dry periods, remain poorly understood. Here we explicitly identify the diverse timing of vegetation canopy greenup onsets from 10‐min geostationary satellite observations, and compute the timing of both the start and end of dry periods from daily precipitation data. We, for the first time, reveal that the Amazon vegetation canopy regularly experiences two cycles of greenup onsets during a year. The occurrence of greenup onset varies diversely from the start to end of the dry periods, but demonstrates regular shifts in local areas, although irregular shifts across the region. The multiple greenup onsets show complex spatial shifts, which closely follow the spatial movement of dry periods. The results provide a new insight into our understanding of the complexity of Amazonian vegetation canopy dynamics during dry periods, which could significantly improve the simulation of carbon and water cycles.
In Situ Particle Measurements Deemphasize the Role of Size in Governing the Sinking Velocity of Marine Particles
Authors: Williams J. R. , Giering S. L. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSinking particles are important in delivering carbon to the deep ocean where it may be stored out of contact with the atmosphere. Whilst particle sinking velocities are known to be influenced by a multitude of factors, size‐based parameterizations remain common in biogeochemical models and in the methods used to determine particulate fluxes from autonomous platforms. Here we carried out an extensive literature review (62 data sets) into the size‐sinking velocity relationship, and find the relationship is much weaker for studies examining particles in situ (median R2 = 0.09) compared with ex situ studies (median R2 = 0.35). This discrepancy may be because particles examined in the laboratory have more uniform properties than those studied in situ. Our review highlights the shortcomings of using a simple relationship between size and sinking velocity to calculate sinking particulate fluxes in the ocean; considering additional particle characteristics will enable more accurate calculations of particulate fluxes.
Multidecadal Variations in East Asian Winter Temperature Since 1880: Internal Variability Versus External Forcing
Authors: Miao Jiapeng , Jiang Dabang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relative contributions of internal variability and external forcing to multidecadal variations in the winter (December–February) East Asian averaged surface air temperature (EASAT) since 1880 by analyzing three observational datasets and large ensemble simulations from 12 coupled models. The results indicate that the internal variability plays a dominant role in the EASAT multidecadal variations. Specifically, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) affects the EASAT via an atmospheric teleconnection across the Eurasian continent, and the correlation coefficient between internally generated EASAT variation and the AMO index is −0.49. In comparison, the external forcings only modulate the observed EASAT variations due to offsetting effects of the external forcing agents. That is, the multidecadal variations in the greenhouse gas concentrations and anthropogenic/volcanic aerosols make positive and negative contributions, respectively. Our new finding is conducive to EASAT predictions in the following decades due to the predictability of AMO and anthropogenic forcings.