bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ti Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Sn Alloys Produced by Casting and Hot Extrusion
Authors: Bovand D. , Abdollah-Pour H. , Mirzaee O. , Bagherifard S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys have received significant attention in various fields of applications due to their low density, high specific strength, good machinability, and damping properties. In this study, Mg95-xSn5Tix(x = 0, 0.15, 0.75, 1.5 wt.%) alloys were produced through casting and hot extrusion; the effect of Ti content was investigated on microstructure and mechanical properties using microscopical analysis, x-ray diffraction, tensile, compaction, and Vickers hardness tests. The obtained results indicated that the presence of Ti leads to sensible grain refinement and a decrease in dendrite arm spacing (DAS). Ti content of 0.15 wt.% caused a fine and homogenous distribution of Mg2Sn phases. The results showed with an increase in Ti content up to 0.75 wt.%, the lotgering factor (LF) of (002) plane decreased, indicating reduced texturing. The sample with 0.75 wt.% showed the greatest ultimate tensile strength (296 ± 6 MPa), and the sample with 1.5 wt.% Ti resulted in the highest ultimate compression strength (479 ± 13 MPa).
Een cohortvergelijking van eetgedrag, leefstijl en sociaal-emotionele gezondheid bij jongeren vóór en tijdens de coronacrisis
Authors: van den Broek Nina , Verhagen Maaike , Larsen Junilla , Vink Jacqueline 
Published: March 2022

SamenvattingDe coronacrisis kan beschouwd worden als een ‘natuurlijk experiment’ waarin de sociale context aanzienlijk is veranderd. Het is nog grotendeels onbekend hoe jongeren daarop reageren en welke gedragingen veranderen. We hebben een cohortvergelijking gemaakt van derdeklassers (N = 177, Mleeftijd = 15,00) van de middelbare school vóór de coronacrisis (voorjaar 2019) met een qua demografische kenmerken vergelijkbare groep derdeklassers (N = 188, Mleeftijd = 14,95) tijdens de eerste lockdown (voorjaar 2020). We vergeleken de domeinen eetgedrag, leefstijl en sociaal-emotionele gezondheid tussen beide cohorten en keken naar de samenhang binnen en tussen domeinen voor beide cohorten. De consumptie van zoete snacks thuis, alcoholgebruik en eenzaamheid waren in het coronacohort hoger dan vóór de coronacrisis (niet significant na correctie). De consumptie van fruit thuis, van suikerhoudende dranken en ongezonde snacks buitenshuis, en matige en zware fysieke activiteit kwamen minder voor tijdens de lockdown. Relatietevredenheid met ouders, geluksgevoel en stress door school waren lager vergeleken met het cohort vóór de lockdown. Roken, stress thuis en relatietevredenheid met beste vriend(in) waren in beide cohorten even hoog. Het patroon van samenhang binnen en tussen de domeinen verschilde. Verder onderzoek moet uitwijzen hoe veerkrachtig jongeren op de langere termijn zijn en welke jongeren ondersteuning nodig hebben om terug te veren.
Cognitive and Motivational Person Characteristics as Predictors of Diagnostic Performance: Combined Effects on Pre-Service Teachers’ Diagnostic Task Selection and Accuracy
Authors: Kron Stephanie , Sommerhoff Daniel , Achtner Maike , Stürmer Kathleen , Wecker Christof , Siebeck Matthias , Ufer Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of diagnostic competences is an essential goal of teacher education. Thus, evidence on how learning environments facilitate pre-service teachers’ acquisition of corresponding competences is important. In teacher education, approximations of practice (such as simulations) are discussed as being learning environments that can support learners in activating acquired knowledge in authentic situations. Simulated diagnostic interviews are recommended to foster teachers’ diagnostic competences.The conceptualization of diagnostic competences highlights the importance of cognitive and motivational characteristics. Motivational learning theories predict that the activation of acquired knowledge in learning situations may be influenced by motivational characteristics such as individual interest. Although teachers’ diagnostic competences constitute an increasing research focus, how cognitive and motivational characteristics interact when shaping the diagnostic process and accuracy in authentic learning situations remains an open question.To address this question, we report on data from 126 simulated diagnostic one-on-one interviews conducted by 63 pre-service secondary school mathematics teachers (students simulated by research assistants), studying the combined effects of interest and professional knowledge on the diagnostic process and accuracy. In addition to the main effect of content knowledge, interaction effects indicate that participants’ interest plays the role of a “door-opener” for the activation of knowledge during simulation-based learning. Thus, the results highlight the importance of both, cognitive and motivational characteristics. This implies that simulation-based learning environments should be designed to arouse participants’ interest to support their learning or to support less interested learners in activating relevant knowledge.
Diagnostisches und didaktisches Handeln verbinden: Entwicklung eines Prozessmodells auf der Grundlage von Erkenntnissen aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik und der Förderdiagnostik
Authors: Moser Opitz Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungFür Lehrkräfte ist die Anpassung der unterrichtlichen Aktivitäten an die Lernvoraussetzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler und damit verbunden das diagnostische und didaktische Handeln zentral. In der Mathematikdidaktik finden sich zu dieser Aufgabe vereinfacht dargestellt zwei Zugänge: Zum einen orientiert sie sich an Konzepten und Modellen aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik bzw. der empirischen Unterrichtsforschung, zum anderen an dem aus der Sonderpädagogik stammendem Konzept der Förderdiagnostik. Die beiden Zugänge unterscheiden sich deutlich in den Zielsetzungen sowie in den Aufgabenfeldern. Diese Unterschiede wurden bisher nicht systematisch aufgearbeitet. Zudem wurde die Verbindung zwischen diagnostischem und didaktischem Handeln in beiden Zugängen wenig reflektiert, insbesondere hinsichtlich des dafür notwendigen Professionswissens der Lehrkräfte. Im Artikel werden ausgewählte Konzepte aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik sowie die Förderdiagnostik mit Blick auf das mathematische Lernen dargestellt und vergleichend diskutiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Frage nach den Kriterien für die Urteilsbildung und für die didaktische Entscheidung sowohl in der Förderdiagnostik als auch der pädagogischen Diagnostik vernachlässigt wird. In einem Modell wird herausgearbeitet, dass in verschiedenen Phasen des Diagnose- und Förderprozesses (diagnostisches Handeln, Urteilsbildung, didaktische Entscheidung, didaktisches Handeln) jeweils spezifisch diagnostisches, fachliches und fachdidaktisches Professionswissen notwendig ist, um theoriegeleitet vorgehen zu können. Der Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur Konzeptualisierung von diagnostischem und didaktischem Handeln bezogen auf das mathematische Lernen.
Steady-state solutions for the Muskat problem
Authors: Sánchez Omar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study the existence of stationary solutions for the Muskat problem with a large surface tension coefficient. Ehrnstrom, Escher and Matioc studied in Mats Ehrnström (Methods Appl Anal 20:33-46, 2013) that there exists solutions to this problem for surface tensions below a finite value. In these notes we go beyond this value considering large surface tension. Also by numerical simulation we show some examples that explains the behavior of solutions.
Not by Contract Alone: The Contractarian Theory of the Corporation and the Paradox of Implied Terms
Authors: Gibbs-Kneller David , Gindis David , Whayman Derek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContractarians view the corporation as a nexus of contracts, constituted by the express or implied consent of each party to or contracting with it. Strong-form contractarianism takes this claim literally and holds that a corporation can be created and sustained by contract alone, thanks notably to the courts’ supportive gap-filling role. We argue that this view is undermined by the way courts actually treat implied terms. While courts do attempt to fill gaps and hold parties to their bargains, they do not typically manufacture counterfactual consent by resorting to the hypothetical bargain logic of contractarianism. Even under the most flexible form of contract law, the common law contract, the capacity of courts to imply third-party obligations in multi-party contracts is highly limited. This makes the contractarian reliance on contract and the courts to construct the complex set of multi-party obligations that make up the corporate form implausible.
Exploring the perceived benefits of ethics education for laboratory professionals
Authors: Talash Khojasta , Anthias Chloe , Machin Laura L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClinical laboratories face ethical challenges on a daily basis. The ethics training provided for clinical laboratory staff is variable, with some receiving no training. We aimed to explore the perceived benefits of ethics education for laboratory professionals. Ethics training was provided to approximately 60 laboratory professionals in a UK not-for-profit blood cancer organisation, with group discussions incorporated into the session. The session covered dominant ethical theories and principles, the defining moments in medical research ethics and the ethical aspects of laboratory practices. At the end of the session a short optional paper survey was distributed to the participants to obtain feedback on the training. The feedback was anonymous and thematically coded. Attendees reported to be more aware of the existence and importance of ‘everyday’ ethics in their workplace. Responses also showed that the training session had provided participants with an opportunity for ethical reflection in themselves and in discussion with their colleagues. Despite clinical laboratory professionals being faced with ethical challenges daily, there is comparatively little ethics education provided. Ethics training is believed to improve the ethical attitude of laboratory staff and help them when making decisions in their work. We have shown that ethics education is important for laboratory professionals to develop and retain ethical awareness, and ethical reflection. By gaining insight into the ethical aspects of their practices, laboratory professionals can apply this understanding when faced with making challenging decisions in their workplace, in order to act in the best interests of their patients.
The struggle for recognition in the age of facial recognition technology
Authors: Waelen Rosalie A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFacial recognition is a promising emerging technology, but it sometimes fails to recognize people adequately. Facial recognition applications have been found to regularly misidentify certain demographics, misinterpret traits like gender, age, beliefs, or emotions, and categorize individuals in ways that do not resonate with their own sense of identity. In this paper, I argue that in each of these cases, the person who has their face analyzed is not merely misidentified or misunderstood, but misrecognized in an ethically relevant sense. Following Charles Taylor’s The Politics of Recognition (1992) and Axel Honneth’s The Struggle for Recognition (1996), I describe how those subjected to facial recognition systems on the one hand struggle to obtain adequate recognition on a universal level, as being equally important to others, and lack recognition for their individual uniqueness, on the other hand. These forms of misrecognition are of ethical concern, because they can harm a person’s identity formation. So, ironically, facial recognition technology can give rise to a struggle for recognition.
Pregnancy outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer survivors：A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zuo Peng , Yang Jingjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes among papillary thyroid cancer survivors.Methods65 cases singleton gravidas of papillary thyroid cancer survivors treated in the Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People's Hospital between January 2011 and January 2020 were selected retrospectively as the study group, and 130 cases of singleton pregnancy during the same time were randomly selected as the control group. The differences in general conditions, maternal and fetal complications between the two groups were analyzed. Risk factors of maternal complications and fetal malformation in patients with papillary thyroid cancer survivors were analyzed. Data was analyzed witht-test,χ2test and logistic regression for statistical differences.ResultsTotally 65 cases of papillary thyroid cancer with 70 pregnancies were analyzed, which including 65 cases achieved live birth, 5 cases underwent induced labor because of fetal malformation. The study group showed higher incidence in gestational diabetes(20% vs 10%), cesarean section(39.1% vs 24.6%), postpartum hemorrhage(350 ​± ​193 ​ml vs 290 ​± ​181 ​ml) and fetal malformation(5.7% vs 1.5%), and lower live birth rate(91.4% vs 99.2%) (P ​< ​0.05). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression found that the patient's age, thyroid function, operation mode and postoperative I-131 treatment were not the risk factors which may affect the pregnancy outcomes or fetal malformation.ConclusionElevated maternal and fetal complications were observed among pregnancies in papillary thyroid cancer survivors. Management of these survivors may require a careful gestation monitoring, and further investigation is needed.
The psychological outcomes of COVID-19 affected the pandemic-after risk perceptions of nurse clinicians: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Qianlan Yin , Tianya Hou , Wei Li , Jia Gao , Chunyan Ni , Wei Zhao , Bin Lian , Huifen Li , Wei Dong , Guanghui Deng , Yan Jia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk perception among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial factor affecting their attitudes and willingness to work in clinics. Those with poor psychological status could perceive risks sensitively as fears or threats that are discouraging. This article aimed to determine whether psychological outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and insomnia, following the COVID-19 pandemic were differentially related to the risk perceptions of nurses working in clinics and increased perceived risk.MethodThe participants were 668 nurse clinicians from five local hospitals. Risk perceptions and psychological outcomes were measured by adapted questionnaires via the Internet. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified subgroups of individuals who showed similar profiles regarding the perceived risks in nursing. Multinomial regression and probit regression were used to examine the extent to which sociodemographic and psychological outcomes predicted class membership.ResultsLPA revealed four classes: groups with low-, mild-, moderate-, and high-level risk perceptions. Membership of the high-level risk perception class was predicted by the severity of psychological outcomes. Anxiety significantly accounted for a moderate increase in risk perceptions, while the symptoms of insomnia, depression, and PTSD accelerated the increase to the high level of risk perception class.ConclusionsBy classifying groups of nurse clinicians sharing similar profiles regarding risk perceptions and then exploring associated predictors, this study shows the psychological outcomes after COVID-19 significantly impacted pandemic-associated risk perceptions and suggests intervening in nurses' psychological outcomes while simultaneously focusing on work-related worries is important following the outbreak of COVID-19.
Krym. Rossiya…Navsegda? Critical Junctures, Critical Antecedents, and the Paths Not Taken in the Making of Crimea’s Annexation
Authors: Fumagalli Matteo , Rymarenko Margaryta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRussia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 is widely framed as an outside-in process, not only enabled but also enacted by the Kremlin. Prevailing accounts privilege geopolitical analysis and place those developments in a broader narrative of tension and competition between the West and Russia. Such a narrative downplays the involvement of local actors and the importance of the choices they made prior to and during those events. This article revisits the period leading up to March 2014 through a focus on critical junctures, critical antecedents, a near miss, and the path not taken. It argues that a full account of Crimea’s incorporation into Russia – while acknowledging Moscow’s role – cannot ignore the local contingencies that preceded and shaped it. We understand the region’s annexation as a key moment of institutional change in Ukraine and focus our attention on explaining how that outcome was determined, identifying the path to such a political outcome. Yanukovych’s decision to “catapult” political-economic interest groups from Makeevka and Donetsk into the peninsula led to the marginalization of the local elite. Regime change in Kyiv and a slow and cumbersome response from the new authorities in February-March 2014 triggered, but did not cause, Crimea’s exit option.
Diet breadth of the aphid predatorChrysoperla rufilabrisBurmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Batista Michela C. , Heimpel George E. , Bulgarella Mariana , Venzon Madelaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe performance (development and reproduction) of generalist predators can vary greatly among the prey species that they use, and these differences can influence the ability of predatory insects to suppress pest populations. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of larvae of the green lacewingChrysoperla rufilabris(Burmeister, 1839) by offering 16 species of aphids and by assessing the effects of each species on the survival, larval development time, prey consumption, pupal mass and egg load of adultChr. rufilabrisfemales taking aphid phylogeny into account.Chrysoperla rufilabrislarvae preyed on individuals from all 16 aphid species, but complete development, adult emergence and egg load production were achieved only in seven species. As a general pattern, the best levels of performance were achieved for an aphid clade that includes the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines(Matsumara, 1917), and for a milkweed-feeding species,Myzocallis asclepiadis(Monell, 1879). We found significant phylogenetic clustering for most of the performance traits indicating the aspects of specialization in the diet breadth ofChr. rufilabrisdespite the fact that this species is considered a generalist aphid predator. These findings can help us to understand the interactions of this species in agroecological food webs, where it is commonly found, and provide insights into why natural, conservation biological control or augmentative releases may succeed or fail.
Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs
Authors: Tull Ants , Valdmann Harri , Rannap Riinu , Kaasiku Triin , Tammeleht Egle , Saarma Urmas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Regardless of the highly efficient anthelmintics available and the control measures taken by dog owners and veterinarians, gastrointestinal parasites, especially zoonotic helminths, are still abundant in dogs and pose a health risk to humans. Free-ranging dogs in rural areas can be an important source of helminth infection. The aims of the present work were to collect scats of rural dogs, determine the environmental contamination caused by helminth infections among rural dogs of Western Estonia, analyse how diet affects helminth infection rate and compare the findings to a previous study focusing on dog helminths in urban areas of Estonia. To differentiate the scats of dogs from other sympatric canids, a genetic method was applied. Of 328 samples, genetic analysis identified 84 scats belonging to dogs, of which 87.0% were infected with helminths. A high proportion of rural dog scats harboured eggs of Taeniidae (65.5%), followed by Trichuris spp./Eucoleus spp. (15.5%), Uncinaria stenocephala (14.7%) and Toxocara canis (4.3%). Coinfections occurred in 34.5% of the samples, being the most common between Taeniidae and U. stenocephala (41.4%). The intensity model indicated higher helminth infection rate in rural dogs preying on rodents and game. In comparison to urban dogs, rural dogs were nine times more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites. These results emphasize the need to implement measures to reduce helminth infections in dogs living in rural areas of Western Estonia. Among a complex of measures to be taken, we suggest that it is also important to diagnose which gastrointestinal parasite species infect dogs to determine specific anthelmintic treatment against these parasites.
Resting-state functional connectivity indicators of risk and resilience for self-harm in adolescent bipolar disorder
Authors: Dimick Mikaela K. , Hird Megan A. , Sultan Alysha A. , Mitchell Rachel H. B. , Sinyor Mark , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is the second leading cause of death in all youth and among adults with bipolar disorder (BD). The risk of suicide in BD is among the highest of all psychiatric conditions. Self-harm, including suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury, is a leading risk factor for suicide. Neuroimaging studies suggest reward circuits are implicated in both BD and self-harm; however, studies have yet to examine self-harm related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) phenotypes within adolescent BD.MethodsResting-state fMRI data were analyzed for 141 adolescents, ages 13–20 years, including 38 with BD and lifetime self-harm (BDSH+), 33 with BD and no self-harm (BDSH−), and 70 healthy controls (HC). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala were examined as regions of interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. A general linear model was used to explore the bivariate correlations for each seed.ResultsBDSH− had increased positive rsFC between the left amygdala and left lateral occipital cortex, and between the right dlPFC and right frontal pole, and increased negative rsFC between the left amygdala and left superior frontal gyrus compared to BDSH+ and HC. BDSH+ had increased positive rsFC of the right OFC with the precuneus and left paracingulate gyrus compared to BDSH− and HC.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of altered reward-related rsFC in relation to self-harm in adolescents with BD. Between-group differences conveyed a combination of putative risk and resilience connectivity patterns. Future studies are warranted to evaluate changes in rsFC in response to treatment and related changes in self-harm.