bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Drives IL-1–Independent Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin–Triggered Skin Dendritic Cell Migration to Draining Lymph Node
Authors: Krmeská Veronika , Aggio Juliana Bernardi , Nylén Susanne , Wowk Pryscilla Fanini , Rothfuchs Antonio Gigliotti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the skin mobilizes local dendritic cells (DC) to the draining lymph node (dLN) in a process that remains incompletely understood. In this study, a mouse model of BCG skin infection was used to investigate mechanisms of skin DC migration to dLNs. We found enhanced transcription of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and production of COX-derived PGE2 early after BCG infection in skin. Animals treated with antagonists for COX or the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 displayed a marked reduction in the entry of skin DCs and BCG to dLNs, uncovering an important contribution of COX-derived PGE2 in this migration process. In addition, live BCG bacilli were needed to invoke DC migration through this COX-PGE2 pathway. Having previously shown that IL-1R partially regulates BCG-induced relocation of skin DCs to dLNs, we investigated whether PGE2 release was under control of IL-1. Interestingly, IL-1R ligands IL-1α/β were not required for early transcription of COX-2 or production of PGE2 in BCG-infected skin, suggesting that the DC migration-promoting role of PGE2 is independent of IL-1α/β in our model. In DC adoptive transfer experiments, EP2/EP4, but not IL-1R, was needed on the moving DCs for full-fledged migration, supporting different modes of action for PGE2 and IL-1α/β. In summary, our data highlight an important role for PGE2 in guiding DCs to dLNs in an IL-1–independent manner.
Effects Of Nitrogen Concentrations On The Biomass, Lipid And Biodiesel Production Potentials Of Spirogyra Specie
Authors: Salisu A. , Umar B. , Appah J. , Aina V.O. , Tanimu Y. , Yahaya U. 
Published: May 2022

The international dependence on non-renewable power supply including fossil fuels has led the sector toward power insecurity. This has necessitated the worldwide attempt to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and broaden an economically feasible and scalable alternative fuel supply so that it will additionally lessen huge emissions of CO2 within side the surroundings which in flip will result in discount environmental pollution. Biofuels have the potentials to offer a feasible opportunity to fossil fuels and can lessen overall CO2 emissions. Algae appear like a rising supply of biomass for biodiesel that has the capacity to absolutely displace fossil fuel. Biodiesel has gain sufficient interest in latest years because of its green nature, non-poisonous characteristics, biodegradability and decrease net carbon cycle as compared to standard diesel fuel. In this research, Spirogyra sp. was collected from Tubu river, a tributary of River Kaduna, as a source of biomass feedstock for biodiesel production. Spirogyra sp. turned into cultured in various nitrogen (2.94 x 103 (100%), 2.20 x 103 (75%), 1.47 x 103 (50%), 0.73 x 104 (25%), and 0.000 (0%)) concentrations in Bold’s Basal Media (BBM) in a laboratory test for 21 days at 25-28°C ambient temperature. Oil from Spirogyra sp. become extracted in soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as solvent and transformed into biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The highest biomass growth, oil, lipid content and biodiesel production were observed in treatment with 75% (2.20 x 103) Spirogyra sp. has a big capability for biodiesel production.
Autovaloración de competencias docentes para la enseñanza a distancia en educación primaria. El caso de Navojoa, Álamos y Etchojoa
Authors: Acuña Esquer José Francisco , Martínez Vázquez Emigdio Germán , Escamilla Flores Rubayyath Gildebardo , Pérez Mercado Julio César 
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar el nivel de aplicación de las competencias docentes en la enseñanza a distancia durante el confinamiento. Se aplicó un cuestionario en el que el profesional de la educación del sur del estado de Sonora, México, hizo la autovaloración de sus competencias, al desarrollar actividades con sus estudiantes. Se siguió un enfoque de tipo cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo; los hallazgos muestran las competencias docentes para promover los aprendizajes, el conocimiento del trabajo a distancia y la brecha digital de los docentes encuestados; así como en el apoyo por parte de los padres de familia para el trabajo a distancia.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to identify the level of teaching competencies that were applied in distance teaching during confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was applied in which educational professionals from the southern part of Sonora Mexico, self-assessed their competencies while performing their activities with their students. A quantitative approach with a descriptive scope was followed; findings show teaching competencies which promote learning, knowledge of distance education, and the digital divide of surveyed teachers, as well as the support given by parents to develop distance-based assignments.
A Clinical Study of Haridradi Malhar (Ointment) in the Management of Nija Vrana
Authors: Manisha Sanjay Bang  
Published: May 2022

The Vrana (ulcer) is considered the core subject of Shalya tantra. Vata, Pitta and Kapha are aggravated by their respective causative factors that get lodged in the exterior of the body to give rise to Nija vrana (endogenous ulcer). Nija vrana are frequently encountered problem in present era produced commonly by the morbid Doshas of the body. In the present study, Haridradi taila (ointment) is selected which is mentioned by Acharya Sushruta in the context of Vrana. It contains Kasis, Kutaki, Jati, Haridra, Tagar, Agaru, Daruharidra, Deodaru, Priyangu and Lodhra. These ten ingredients possess the properties of both Shodhan and Ropan (cleaning and healing). It was used topically in the type of chronic wounds daily one time for 30 days or till the healing of the wound, whichever is earlier. It is a single-blind clinical study where 20 patients were selected and divided into two groups 10 patients each. Experimental group patients wounds were treated with a dressing having Haridradi ointment and control group patients' wounds were treated with Framycetin ointment and dry gauze bandaging. It reduces pain, burning sensation, itching, decreases discharge, oedema and helps in gradual improvement in floor and granulation tissues as compared to control group. Nija vrana (chronic wounds) management with Ayurvedic remedies is one of the major areas of research, hence it can be speculated that Haridradi ointment possesses sufficient efficacy in Vrana shodhan and Vrana ropan (cleaning and healing of the wound) without creating any adverse effect
INFLUENCE OF RISK ASSESSMENT ON SECURITY MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MANDERA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Thinguri Ruth , Daud Abdi , Mugwe Dr. Mary 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: There is present fear on the swelling incidents of disasters in institutions in this country which makes it necessary to explore the risk assessment in schools. The aim of this research was to explore the influence of risk assessment on security management outcomes in public secondary schools in Mandera County, Kenya.
Methodology: Theories guiding the study were the Stakeholders’ and the Securitization theories. The investigation employed mixed methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. The target population was 400 participants and involved principals, teachers and education officers. This included all the secondary schools and all the 18 education officers in Mandera County and the 58 principals, 324 teachers. Questionnaires were used for teachers while interviews were used for principals on security management outcomes. Quantitative data were analyzed in descriptive statistics and presented by tables, frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematically in narrative forms and verbatim citations. Two levels of analysis were employed namely: descriptive and thematic.
Findings: From the research findings, it was clear that there were efforts made to assess risks but there was also need to beef up the same since it was not adequately done. There was lack of visits from the government to enhance safety of students in schools.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice:
The stakeholders’ and the securitization theories were used to alert schools and prepare them for calamities consecutively hence contributing to the issues in the study. The study established that risk assessment needed to be prioritized in spite of the fact that some efforts were being made. It was concluded that more efforts be put on risk assessment. The theories were validated in that there was sensitization to stakeholders and the need to prepare in advance for disasters in schools. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education be active in doing necessary checks on risk assessment and be sending security teams in schools
Evaluation of podophyllin and Trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of genital warts in Iraqi female patients
Authors: Altaha Lama 
Published: May 2022

Background: human paillomavirus infections (genital warts) are the most frequent sexually transmitted viral infections. a wide range of treatment options is available with different efficacy.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of podophyllin, trichloracetic acid (TCA) in the treatment of genital warts and side effects of them.
Subjects and methods: a total of sixty patients with genital warts were randomly selected, 30 in each group, in the Department of Dermatology, medical city for a Duration of 11 months from January 2009 to December 2009 treated with 35 % podophyllin in the tincture of benzoin or 50% TCA) .Forty-eight patients were followed up for three months.
Results: warts cleared in 63% and 70% of the patients after treatment with podophyllin and TCA respectively within 3 months. Soreness happened in 6 patients with podophyllin and in 9 patients with TCA. small ulcers happened in 1 patient by podophyllin and 2 patients with TCA. pain was in 5 patients treated by podophyllin and in 6 patients treated by TCA. erythema was noticed in 10 patients treated by podophyllin and in 11 patients treated by TCA.
Conclusion: there was a higher clearance rate with TCA and earlier response. The occurrence of adverse reactions is little more with TCA
In silico analysis of ferulic acid against therapeutic target proteins PPAR-?, SIRT1, FOXO1 and LXR-? for the treatment of hyperlipidemia
Authors: V. Ramamurthy , T.A.K Mumtaz Begum 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Hyperlipidemia is a worth-mentioning risk factor for a variety of rapidly spreading diseases such as cardio-vascular diseases, myocardial infarction, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor - gamma (PPAR-?), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box factor 1(FOXO1), and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-?) are the important determinants of hyperlipidemia by regulating a plethora of transcriptional factors in metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The present study aimed to evaluate the binding affinity of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ferulic acid) with therapeutic target proteins of hyperlipidemia using an in silico approach.

Materials and Methods: The in silico docking studies were performed between ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858) and PPAR-?, SIRT1, FOXO1, LXR-? with PDB ID of 3ADX – A chain, 4ZZI- A chain, 4LG0– A chain, and 3IPQ-A chain respectively by using Autodock 4.2 docking tool.

Results: The results revealed that ferulic acid exhibited maximum binding affinities with FOXO1 (-8.63) followed by SIRT1(-6.18), PPAR-? (-5.79), and LXR-? (-5.79) kcal/mol respectively. Ferulic acid interacted with FOXO1 with amino acids ASN 204, TYR 165 with a distance of 2.01 Å and 1.86 Å. Furthermore, the molecular interaction of ferulic acid with SIRT1 was at residues SER 441(2.20 Å), GLN 345(2.79 Å), and LXR-? was at amino acids ASP 444 (1.85 Å) and SER 418 (1.98 Å). Also, to activate the action of PPAR-? ferulic acid interacts with it at residues VAL 450(2.04) and GLN 454 (2.80).

Conclusion: These in vitro findings suggest that ferulic acid could be used as a lead structure for designing and developing more powerful hypolipidemic medicines.
Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact
Authors: Popovicheva Olga B. , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Kobelev Vasilii O. , Chichaeva Marina A. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Gregorič Asta , Kasimov Nikolay S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. As explained in the latest Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
report released in early 2021, the Arctic has warmed 3 times more
quickly than the planet as a whole, as well as faster than previously thought. The
Siberian Arctic is of great interest mainly because observations are sparse
or largely lacking. A research aerosol station has been developed on
Bely Island (Kara Sea) in western Siberia. Measurements of equivalent black
carbon (EBC) concentrations were carried out at the “Island Bely” station
continuously from August 2019 to November 2020. The source origin of the
measured EBC and the main contributing sources were assessed using
atmospheric transport modeling coupled with the most updated emission
inventories for anthropogenic and biomass burning sources of BC. The obtained climatology for BC during the period of measurements showed an
apparent seasonal variation with the highest concentrations between December
and April (60 ± 92 ng m−3) and the lowest between June and September
(18 ± 72 ng m−3), typical of the Arctic haze seasonality reported
elsewhere. When air masses arrived at the station through the biggest oil
and gas extraction regions of Kazakhstan, Volga-Ural, Komi, Nenets and
western Siberia, BC contribution from gas flaring dominated over domestic,
industrial and traffic sectors, ranging from 47 % to 68 %, with a maximum
contribution in January. When air was transported from Europe during the
cold season, emissions from transportation were more important. Accordingly,
shipping emissions increased due to the touristic cruise activities and the
ice retreat in summertime. Biomass burning (BB) played the biggest role
between April and October, contributing 81 % at maximum in July.
Long-range transport of BB aerosols appeared to induce large variability to
the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) with values > 1.0 (excluding outliers). As regards the continental
contribution to surface BC at the Island Bely station, Russian emissions
dominated during the whole year, while European and Asian ones contributed
up to 20 % in the cold period. Quantification of several pollution
episodes showed an increasing trend in surface concentrations and frequency
during the cold period as the station is directly in the Siberian gateway
of the highest anthropogenic pollution sources to the Russian Arctic.
Cellulose in atmospheric particulate matter at rural and urban sites across France and Switzerland
Authors: Brighty Adam , Jacob Véronique , Uzu Gaëlle , Borlaza Lucille , Conil Sébastien , Hueglin Christoph , Grange Stuart K. , Favez Olivier , Trébuchon Cécile , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations in free-cellulose concentrations in atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using an improved protocol with a high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC-PAD) method. Filter samples were taken from
nine sites of varying characteristics across France and Switzerland, with
sampling covering all seasons. Concentrations of cellulose, as well as
carbonaceous aerosol and other source-specific chemical tracers (e.g. elemental carbon, EC; levoglucosan; polyols; trace metals; and glucose),
were quantified. Annual mean free-cellulose concentrations within PM10 (particulate matter)
ranged from 29 ± 38 ng m−3 at Basel (urban site) to 284 ± 225 ng m−3 at Payerne (rural site). Concentrations were considerably higher during episodes, with spikes exceeding 1150 and 2200 ng m−3 at
Payerne and ANDRA-OPE (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement; rural site), respectively. A clear seasonality, with
highest cellulose concentrations during summer and autumn, was observed at
all rural and some urban sites. However, some urban locations exhibited a
weakened seasonality. Contributions of cellulose carbon to total organic
carbon are moderate on average (0.7 %–5.9 %) but much greater during “episodes”, reaching close to 20 % at Payerne. Cellulose concentrations correlated poorly between sites, even at ranges of about 10 km, indicating the localised nature of the sources of atmospheric plant debris. With regards to these sources, correlations between cellulose and typical biogenic chemical tracers (polyols and glucose) were moderate to strong (Rs = 0.28–0.78, p < 0.0001) across the nine sites. Seasonality was
strongest at sites with stronger biogenic correlations, suggesting the main
source of cellulose arises from biogenic origins. A second input to ambient
plant debris concentrations was suggested via resuspension of plant matter
at several urban sites, due to moderate cellulose correlations with mineral
dust tracers, Ca2+, and Ti metal (Rs = 0.28–0.45, p < 0.007). No
correlation was obtained with the biomass burning tracer (levoglucosan), an
indication that this is not a source of atmospheric cellulose. Finally, an
investigation into the interannual variability in atmospheric cellulose
across the Grenoble metropole was completed. It was shown that
concentrations and sources of ambient cellulose can vary considerably
between years. All together, these results deeply improve our knowledge on
the phenomenology of plant debris within ambient air.
Moment tensor catalogue of earthquakes in West Bohemia from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Vavryčuk Václav , Adamová Petra , Doubravová Jana , Horálek Josef 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We present a unique catalogue of full moment tensors (MTs) of earthquakes
with ML between 0.5 and 4.4 that occurred in West Bohemia, Czech
Republic, in the period from 2008 to 2018 (Vavryčuk et al., 2022a, b). The MTs were calculated from
vertical components of P-wave amplitudes. The MT inversion was based on
principal component analysis applied to optimally filtered velocity records
of local seismic stations deployed in the West Bohemia area. The minimum
number of inverted stations is 15, and the rms between theoretical and
observed amplitudes is lower than 0.5. The catalogue is exceptional in
several aspects: (1) it represents an extraordinary, extensive dataset of
more than 5100 MTs; (2) it covers a long period of seismicity in the
studied area, during which several prominent earthquake swarms took place;
(3) the locations and retrieved MTs of earthquakes are of a high accuracy.
Additionally, we provide three-component records at the West Bohemia
(WEBNET) seismic stations, the velocity model in the region, and the
technical specification of the stations. The dataset is ideal for being
utilized by a large community of researchers for various seismological
purposes, e.g. for studies of (1) the migration of foci and the
spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity, (2) redistribution of stress during
periods of intense seismicity, (3) the interaction of faults, (4) the
Coulomb stress along the faults and local stress anomalies connected to
fault irregularities, (5) diffusivity of fluids along the activated faults,
or (6) the time-dependent seismic risk due to the migration of seismicity in
the region. In addition, the dataset is optimum for developing and testing
new inversions for MTs and for tectonic stress. Since most of the
earthquakes are non-shear, the dataset can contribute to studies of
non-double-couple components of MTs and their relation to shear–tensile
fracturing and/or seismic anisotropy in the focal zone.
Brief communication: Seismological analysis of flood dynamics and hydrologically triggered earthquake swarms associated with Storm Alex
Authors: Chmiel Małgorzata , Godano Maxime , Piantini Marco , Brigode Pierre , Gimbert Florent , Bakker Maarten , Courboulex Françoise , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Rivet Diane , Sladen Anthony , Ambrois David , Chapuis Margot 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. On 2 October 2020, the Maritime Alps in southern France were struck by the devastating Storm Alex, which caused locally more than 600 mm of rain in less than 24 h. The extreme rainfall and flooding destroyed regional rain and stream gauges. That hinders our understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of rainfall–runoff processes during the storm. Here, we show that seismological observations from permanent seismic stations constrain these processes at a catchment scale. The analysis of seismic power, peak frequency, and the back azimuth provides us with the timing and velocity of the propagation of flash-flood waves associated with bedload-dominated phases of the flood on the Vésubie River. Moreover, the combined short-term average to long-term average ratio and template-matching earthquake detection reveal that 114 local earthquakes between local magnitude ML=-0.5 and ML=2 were triggered by the hydrological loading and/or the resulting in situ underground pore pressure increase. This study shows the impact of Storm Alex on the Earth's surface and deep-layer processes and paves the way for future works that can reveal further details of these processes.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Unvaccinated Filipinos
Authors: Pagador Pamela , Pacleb Adrienne , Ormita Mikaela J. , Valencia Frances E. , Velasco Danz H. , Josue-Dominguez Rosemarie 
Published: May 2022

Background: Access to COVID-19 vaccines was one of the global measures for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is still not known whether Filipinos accept it.
Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a modified version of the community COVID-19 vaccine acceptance survey, disseminated and collected through Google Forms to Filipinos within the Philippines aged 18-65 years old. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the willingness to be vaccinated and sociodemographic characteristics using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
Results: Among the 1,011 participants, 79.5% were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Significant determinants (p<0.05) were age, region of residence, sex, profession, income, religion, practice of alternative medicine, and previous contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. Essential healthcare workers (OR=11.0, 95%CI=1.3-93.5), practiced alternative medicine (OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.3-4.4), with previous contact with a COVID-19 positive person (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.4-6.0), and females>males (OR=0.6, 95%CI=.3-1.0) were also more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination. 63.7% preferred Pfizer the most, and 54.4% preferred Sinovac the least. In contrast, married individuals, essential non-healthcare workers and private/self-employed sectors were less likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines. Many individuals who refused to be vaccinated were unsure of its safety (59.70%) and had no trust in vaccines (56.50%).
Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in our study, there were significant sociodemographic disproportions in vaccine acceptance. Better policies urging Filipinos to get vaccinated and more effective dissemination of unified information regarding vaccines from verified sources are recommended to boost vaccine confidence in the Philippines.