bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of cytomegalovirus infection among women in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Almishaal Ali A. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common intrauterine congenital infection in humans. Worldwide seropositive rates of CMV are considerably high among women of childbearing age. There is currently no optimal drug treatment nor a vaccine for congenital CMV infection and therefore the best available program to date of prevention is practicing standard hygienic measures. The success of this program relies on women’s knowledge of CMV modes of transmissions, and risk and preventative behaviors.ObjectiveThe current study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of CMV infection among women in Saudi Arabia.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, an online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to women 18 years of age or older residing in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included questions to assess awareness of CMV, knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and preventative measures of CMV infection.ResultsOut of the 1004 women who completed the questionnaire, self-reported knowledge of CMV was considerably low with only 82 women (8.17%) having heard of CMV infection. Most women reported learning about CMV from the internet and university. In binary logistic analyses, women pursuing studies in healthcare and those working in health professions, as well as those with undergraduate and graduate college degrees were significantly associated with higher knowledge of CMV. Urban area of residence was significantly associated with lower levels of knowledge of CMV. Among women who reported they had heard of CMV, their knowledge of CMV modes of transmission, symptoms, and preventative measures was considerably low. Regarding the transmission route, 23% reported no knowledge of modes of transmission, 59.75% reported mother-to-child transmission, 48.78% reported sexual intercourse, and 45% reported contact with body fluids of an infected person. Regarding knowledge of symptoms of congenital CMV, mental retardation and death were the most commonly reported clinical presentations.ConclusionThe current study showed that the overall knowledge of CMV is very low among women in Saudi Arabia. Working in the healthcare field and higher education levels were significantly associated with better knowledge of CMV. It is crucial that women are provided with information regarding CMV-associated complications and preventative measures against mother-to-fetus transmission of CMV.
Factors influencing birth preparedness and complication readiness among childbearing age women in Thatta district, Sindh
Authors: Noor Ruquia , Shahid Farhana , Hydrie Muhammad Zafar Iqbal , Imran Muhammad , Shah Syed Hassan Bin Usman 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBirth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a broad system to increase the practice of trained health provision at the time of childbirth and the key interventions to decrease mothers’ and newborns’ death. However, its status and influencing factors have not been well studied at different levels in the study area. The current study aimed to assess the BPCR status and explore its associated factors influencing BPCR among childbearing age women in Thatta, District of Sindh.MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 770 recently delivered mothers from October 2016 –September 2017, recruited using a multistage cluster sampling technique. A structured validated close-ended questionnaire measuring BPCR knowledge and practices was used for the interviews. The results were analyzed by means of the Chi-square test, and a binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors influencing BPCR.ResultsThe overall response rate was 94.6%, with a low BPCR status. Out of 770 participants, only 163 (21.2%) were well prepared, while 607 (78.8%) were not prepared for safe childbirth and its complications. A small proportion of women knew about the serious warning signs of pregnancy, labour, childbirth and the postpartum period (16.2%), (15.3%) and (22.7%) respectively. Antenatal care (ANC) checkup (P < 0.001), cost of ANC checkup (p = 0.016), place of birth (p = 0.014), awareness of serious warning signs during pregnancy (p = 0.001) and awareness of serious warning signs during the postpartum period (p < 0.001) were found to be significant predictors of BPCR.ConclusionThe proportion of women who were well prepared for birth and its complications was low. It is recommended to organize community-based education campaigns and improve the quality of MNCH services at every level to increase BPCR among women in Sindh.
Provider perceptions of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury care priorities across hospitals in South America before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Deshpande Shyam J. , Velonjara Julia , Lujan Silvia , Petroni Gustavo , Wang Jin , Patel Kushang V. , Boyle Linda Ng , Bell Michael J. , Vavilala Monica S. ,   for the PEGASUS Argentina Study Group
Published: September 2022

Background
To understand provider perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic on priorities of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) care across hospitals in South America.

Methods
Site principal investigators (PIs) from 17 hospitals in South America enrolled in the PEGASUS-Argentina randomized controlled trial completed questionnaires regarding order of tasks performed in the care of a typical pediatric patient with severe TBI before (2019) and during (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute care processes were examined by quintiles to identify early, mid, and late actions and were categorized and compared. Associations of hospital volume and subspecialty resource availability with prioritization of key process actions were examined.

Finding
Site PIs from 15 and 16 hospitals completed the surveys in 2019 and 2021, respectively, including 14 who completed both. Action category order was stable between 2019 and 2021 and were ranked in priorities as: initial encounter, primary survey, interventions and invasive monitors, diagnostics, medications, staff communication, then disposition (in 2019) or nutrition (in 2021). There was variation in specific action order between hospitals at both timepoints, with only a few initial encounter and disposition actions limited to a single quintile. There was no reported association between hospital volume or subspecialty resource availability with prioritization of key process actions.

Interpretation
Despite novel healthcare challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, providers in South America perceived maintaining standard severe pediatric TBI care consistent with BTF guidelines. There was large variability in specific action order between individual hospitals reported.
Identification and mitigation of high-risk pregnancy with the Community Maternal Danger Score Mobile Application in Gboko, Nigeria
Authors: Bola Rajan , Ujoh Fanan , Lett Ronald 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Risk analyses within rural regions of Nigeria are not routinely conducted, yet could help inform access to skilled birth care. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the proportion of pregnant women at risk for maternal mortality or morbidity in Benue State, Nigeria by analysing data collected during routine antenatal visits and through the Community Maternal Danger Score (CMDS), a validated risk-analysis tool.

Methods
Two cohorts, comprised of pregnant women presenting to primary healthcare centres within Gboko, Benue State between 2015–2017 and 2020–2021, were included in this study. The 2015–2017 cohort had their risk assessed retrospectively through analysis of routinely collected data. Identification of risk was based on their age, parity, and disease status (HIV and diabetes). The 2020–2021 cohort had their risk assessed prospectively using the CMDS.

Results
Routinely collected data from 2015–2017 demonstrated that up to 14.9% of women in Gboko were at risk for mortality or morbidity. The CMDS reported that up to 21.5% of women were at a similar level of risk; a significant difference of 6.6% (p = 0.006). The CMDS was more efficient in obtaining and assessing this data, and the identification of risk occurred in real-time.

Conclusion
Routine data collected in Gboko identifies a high proportion of pregnant women at risk for mortality or morbidity. The CMDS is an evidence-based risk analysis tool that expands on this assessment by also estimating individual and community-level risk, which allows for more efficient mitigation and prevention strategies of maternal mortality.
Kendala Regulasi Kewajiban Pemegang Paten oleh Investor Asing di Indonesia
Authors: Dandy Hediyanto Fahnizar , Raisah Kholis , Lumbanraja Anggita Doramia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Obligations of patent holders based on Article 20 as regulated in Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning patents are still relatively problematic. The factors that hinder the process of patent implementation in Indonesia, both from patent holders and/or from the Indonesian government, are a separate problem for patent holders who are foreign citizens. This study uses a normative juridical method, using secondary data. The results of the study conclude that the Patent Law Number 13 of 2016 creates problems, especially for inventors from abroad. So that the Indonesian Government issued Permenkumham Number 30 of 2019 concerning Procedures for Granting Compulsory Patent Licenses as a solution to this problem through the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, where patent holders can submit applications for postponement of patent implementation to the Minister along with the background for the delay, in the case of patent holders has not been able to apply his patent in Indonesia after the patent application has been approved. Keywords: Obligations of Patent Holder; Patent Regulations; Foreign Investor ABSTRAKKewajiban pemegang paten berdasarkan Pasal 20 sebagaimana diatur pada Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten masih relatif mengundang permasalahan. Faktor yang menghalangi untuk proses implementasi paten di Indonesia baik yang berasal dari pemegang paten dan/atau dari pemerintah Indonesia, menjadi permasalahan tersendiri bagi pemegang paten yang merupakan Warga Negara Asing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Paten Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 menimbulkan permasalahan terutama untuk investor dari luar negeri. Sehingga Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Permenkumham Nomor 30 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Cara Pemberian Lisensi-Wajib Paten sebagai solusi atas permasalahan tersebut melalui Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, dimana Pemegang paten dapat menyampaikan permohonan penundaan pelaksanaan paten kepada Menteri beserta latar belakang atas penundaan tersebut, dalam hal pemegang paten belum mampu untuk menerapkan patennya di Indonesia setelah permohonan paten tersebut disetujui. Kata Kunci: Kewajiban Pemegang Paten; Regulasi Paten; Investor Asing
Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Jual Beli Dibawah Tangan Untuk Tanah Yang Belum Bersertifikat Di Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Al-Himni Muhammad Aldi , Ratna M.S. Edith 
Published: September 2022

Transfer of Land Rights is a legal act of transferring rights to land whether intentionally or not, with the aim of releasing these rights from the original holders and becoming the rights of other parts. In reality, transfer of land rights is still carried out under hand because land ownership is still difficult to obtain legal certainty. The formulations of the problems that will be discussed in this study are firstly, how is the legal consequences for purchase of land which carried out under the hands and the registration process for the first time, second how the implementation of registration of land rights which uncertified at the Land Office of Kubu Raya Regency. This study used a normative juridical approach and the specifications in this study are descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the sale and purchase that occurs under the hand is considered valid as long as there are material conditions that can be fulfilled.Keywords: buying and selling under the hand; registration; affirmation of rightsAbstrakPeralihan hak atas tanah merupakan bentuk dari perbuatan hukum pemindahan hak atas tanah yang dilakukan dengan sengaja ataupun tidak yang pada dasarnya bertujuan supaya hak tersebut dapat terlepas dari pemilik awal dan menjadi hak dari pihak lain. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih banyak yang melakukan peralihan hak atas tanah dibawah tangan sehingga untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum kepemilikan hak atas tanah tersebut masih sulit didapatkan. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu pertama, bagaimanakah akibat hukum yang terjadi pada jual beli tanah yang dilakukan dibawah tangan dan proses pendaftarannya untuk pertama kali, kedua bagaimanakah contoh dari implementasi pendaftaran hak atas tanah yang dilakukan terhadap beberapa tanah tanpa sertifikat di kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi pada penelitian ini bersifat analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian maka di dapat hasil jual beli yang terjadi di bawah tangan di anggap tetap sah selama terdapat syarat-syarat materiil yang dapat terpenuhi.Kata kunci: jual beli di bawah tangan; pendaftaran; penegasan hak
Skellam mixture mechanism
Authors: Bao Ergute , Zhu Yizheng , Xiao Xiaokui , Yang Yin , Ooi Beng Chin , Tan Benjamin Hong Meng , Aung Khin Mi Mi 
Published: September 2022

Deep neural networks have strong capabilities of memorizing the underlying training data, which can be a serious privacy concern. An effective solution to this problem is to train models withdifferential privacy(DP), which provides rigorous privacy guarantees by injecting random noise to the gradients. This paper focuses on the scenario where sensitive data are distributed among multiple participants, who jointly train a model throughfederated learning, using bothsecure multiparty computation(MPC) to ensure the confidentiality of each gradient update, and differential privacy to avoid data leakage in the resulting model. A major challenge in this setting is that common mechanisms for enforcing DP in deep learning, which injectreal-valued noise, are fundamentally incompatible with MPC, which exchangesfinite-field integersamong the participants. Consequently, most existing DP mechanisms require rather high noise levels, leading to poor model utility.Motivated by this, we proposeSkellam mixture mechanism(SMM), a novel approach to enforcing DP on models built via federated learning. Compared to existing methods, SMM eliminates the assumption that the input gradients must be integer-valued, and, thus, reduces the amount of noise injected to preserve DP. The theoretical analysis of SMM is highly non-trivial, especially considering (i) the complicated math of DP deep learning in general and (ii) the fact that the mixture of two Skellam distributions is rather complex. Extensive experiments on various practical settings demonstrate that SMM consistently and significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of the utility of the resulting model.
Troubles with nulls, views from the users
Authors: Toussaint Etienne , Guagliardo Paolo , Libkin Leonid , Sequeda Juan 
Published: September 2022

Incomplete data, in the form of null values, has been extensively studied since the inception of the relational model in the 1970s. Anecdotally, one hears that the way in which SQL, the standard language for relational databases, handles nulls creates a myriad of problems in everyday applications of database systems. To the best of our knowledge, however, the actual shortcomings of SQL in this respect, as perceived by database practitioners, have not been systematically documented, and it is not known if existing research results can readily be used to address the practical challenges.Our goal is to collect and analyze the shortcomings of nulls and their treatment by SQL, and to re-evaluate existing research in this light. To this end, we designed and conducted a survey on the everyday usage of null values among database users. From the analysis of the results we reached two main conclusions. First, null values are ubiquitous and relevant in real-life scenarios, but SQL's features designed to deal with them cause multiple problems. The severity of these problems varies depending on the SQL features used, and they cannot be reduced to a single issue. Second, foundational research on nulls is misdirected and has been addressing problems of limited practical relevance. We urge the community to view the results of this survey as a way to broaden the spectrum of their researches and further bridge the theory-practice gap on null values.
Memory-optimized multi-version concurrency control for disk-based database systems
Authors: Freitag Michael , Kemper Alfons , Neumann Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Pure in-memory database systems offer outstanding performance but degrade heavily if the working set does not fit into DRAM, which is problematic in view of declining main memory growth rates. In contrast, recently proposed memory-optimized disk-based systems such as Umbra leverage large in-memory buffers for query processing but rely on fast solid-state disks for persistent storage. They offer near in-memory performance while the working set is cached, and scale gracefully to arbitrarily large data sets far beyond main memory capacity. Past research has shown that this architecture is indeed feasible for read-heavy analytical workloads.
We continue this line of work in the following paper, and present a novel multi-version concurrency control approach that enables a memory-optimized disk-based system to achieve excellent performance on transactional workloads as well. Our approach exploits that the vast majority of versioning information can be maintained entirely in-memory without ever being persisted to stable storage, which minimizes the overhead of concurrency control. Large write transactions for which this is not possible are extremely rare, and handled transparently by a lightweight fallback mechanism. Our experiments show that the proposed approach achieves transaction throughput up to an order of magnitude higher than competing disk-based systems, confirming its viability in a real-world setting.
BABOONS
Authors: Trummer Immanuel 
Published: September 2022

BABOONS (BlAck BOx Optimization of Natural language data Summaries) optimizes text data summaries for an arbitrary, user-defined utility function. Primarily, it targets scenarios in which utility is evaluated via large language models. Users describe their utility function in natural language or provide a model, trained to score text summaries in a specific domain.BABOONS uses reinforcement learning to explore the space of possible descriptions. In each iteration, BABOONS generates summaries and evaluates their utility. To reduce data processing overheads during summary generation, BABOONS uses a proactive processing strategy that dynamically merges current with likely future queries for efficient processing. Also, BABOONS supports scenario-specific sampling and batch processing strategies. These mechanisms allow to scale processing to large data and item sets. The experiments show that BABOONS scales significantly better than baselines. Also, they show that summaries generated by BABOONS receive higher average grades from users in a large survey.
ByteHTAP
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Ding Yonghua , Liu Ye , Li Fangshi , Zhang Li , Zhang Mingyi , Wei Kui , Cao Lixun , Zou Dan , Liu Yang , Zhang Lei , Shi Rui , Ding Wei , Wu Kai , Luo Shangyu , Sun Jason , Liang Yuming 
Published: September 2022

In recent years, at ByteDance, we see more and more business scenarios that require performing complex analysis over freshly imported data, together with transaction support and strong data consistency. In this paper, we describe our journey of building ByteHTAP, an HTAP system with high data freshness and strong data consistency. It adopts a separate-engine and shared-storage architecture. Its modular system design fully utilizes an existing ByteDance's OLTP system and an open source OLAP system. This choice saves us a lot of resources and development time and allows easy future extensions such as replacing the query processing engine with other alternatives.
ByteHTAP can provide high data freshness with less than one second delay, which enables many new business opportunities for our customers. Customers can also configure different data freshness thresholds based on their business needs. ByteHTAP also provides strong data consistency through global timestamps across its OLTP and OLAP system, which greatly relieves application developers from handling complex data consistency issues by themselves. In addition, we introduce some important performance optimizations to ByteHTAP, such as pushing computations to the storage layer and using delete bitmaps to efficiently handle deletes. Lastly, we will share our lessons and best practices in developing and running ByteHTAP in production.
Ganos
Authors: Xie Jiong , Chen Zhen , Liu Jianwei , Wang Fang , Li Feifei , Chen Zhida , Liu Yinpei , Cai Songlu , Fan Zhenhua , Xiao Fei , Chen Yue 
Published: September 2022

Recently, the trend of developing digital twins for smart cities has driven a need for managing large-scale multidimensional, dynamic, and scene-oriented spatial data. Due to larger data scale and more complex data structure, queries over such data are more complicated and expensive than those on traditional spatial data, which poses challenges to the system efficiency and deployment costs. The existing spatial databases have limited support in both data types and operations. Therefore, a new-generation spatial database with excellent performance and effective deployment costs is needed.
This paper presents Ganos, a cloud-native spatial database engine of PolarDB for PostgreSQL that is developed by Alibaba Cloud, to efficiently manage multidimensional, dynamic, and scene-oriented spatial data. Ganos models 3D space and spatio-temporal dynamics as first-class citizens. Also, it natively supports spatial/spatio-temporal data types such as 3DMesh, Trajectory, Raster, PointCloud, etc. Besides, it implements a novel extended-storage mechanism that utilizes cloud-native object storage to reduce storage costs and enable uniform operations on the data in different storages. To facilitate processing "big" queries, Ganos extends PolarDB and provides spatial-oriented multi-level parallelism under the architecture of decoupling compute from storage in cloud-native databases, which achieves elasticity and excellent query performance. We demonstrate Ganos in real-life case studies. The performance of Ganos is evaluated using real datasets, and promising results are obtained. Finally, based on the extensive deployment and application of Ganos, the lessons learned from our customers and the expectations of modern cloud applications for new spatial database features are discussed.