bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritual distress of patients living with cancer in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Ku Ya-Lie , Ha Le Thi Hong , Kuo Shih-Ming , Chen Shu-Ming 
Published: April 2022

Background: Literature on the spirituality of cancer patients has been mainly focused on the experiences of western patients. Few studies explore the experience of Asian cancer patients, while no spiritual study on cancer patients has been conducted in Vietnam. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the spiritual distress of cancer patients at two general hospitals in northern Vietnam. Methods: This was a quantitative survey with a cross-sectional design. This study used purposive sampling with a fitting the inclusion criteria, alongside the Spiritual Distress Scale-Vietnam version (SDS-V). The data was collected by an investigator in two general hospitals in northern Vietnam. The study received approval from two research councils. Results: The results demonstrated that the demographics of cancer patients in the study reflected the national data of Vietnam. Regarding the four exploratory dimensions, more than 50% of cancer patients expressed feeling hardship and sorrow, most did not feel loneliness, most patients reported a good relationship with others and God, while the majority of were afraid to discuss death. Conclusions: Due to impact of aging and poverty on the sample patients, further studies into the interconnectivity between economics and the spiritual health status of patients is recommended. Additionally, since the 132 Vietnamese cancer patients reported a positive relationship with others and God, healthcare professionals should study effective strategies to apply the above strengths in easing hardships for future cancer patients.
Using virtual reality in palliative care: a systematic integrative review
Authors: Carmont Hannah , McIlfatrick Sonja 
Published: April 2022

Background: Recently, healthcare services have witnessed an exponential increase in the use of immersive and non-immersive virtual reality (VR) technology to improve health-related outcomes. However, the use of VR in palliative care remains relatively unexplored. Aims: To review and synthesise evidence regarding the experiences of patients, families and healthcare professionals in palliative care who have engaged with immersive/non-immersive VR technology. Methods: A systematic integrative review using pre-defined MeSH search terms to identify eligible studies from five electronic databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL, OVID Medline, Pubmed and Scopus) between April 2020 and February 2021. Findings: In total, 1066 articles were reviewed, 55 articles were considered eligible and subject to further analysis and a total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and were subject to critical appraisal. Rigorous analysis of eligible articles resulted in the identification of five overarching and interconnected themes: connection, VR as an emergent technology, perceptual change, safety, and future research. Conclusion: This review identified that VR could support patients, families and healthcare professionals in palliative care. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings could prove particularly significant for facilitating connection. However, further research is necessary to explore the full scope of VR use in this speciality.
Body size measuring techniques enabling stress-free growth monitoring of extreme preterm infants inside incubators: A systematic review
Authors: van Gils Ronald H. J. , Wauben Linda S. G. L. , Helder Onno K. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Growth monitoring of preterm infants is essential for assessing the nutritional effects on their growth. The current growth monitoring techniques are too stressful, however, for the smallest preterm infants. We performed a systematic review to summarize studies on stress-free techniques for measuring the body size of preterm infants inside incubators other than the traditional calliper and tape measure-based instruments.

Methods
We searched four online literature databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane, using search terms related to patients (neonates, infants, children) and body size measuring techniques. By means of expert judgement we assessed the techniques’ suitability for stress-free body size measurement of an infant lying in an incubator. As a criterion for suitability, we used an imaginary ideal technique.

Results
Twenty-six studies were included in this review. In 24 studies, the technique for body size measurement was related to 3D technology, and the majority of these studies acknowledged clinical superiority of 3D over 2D data. Two 3D techniques were assessed as suitable for stress-free measurement of preterm infants inside incubators. The first technique used a commercially available 3D handheld scanner which needed 3D postprocessing to derive measurement data. The second technique used a self-developed stereoscopic vision system.

Conclusions
3D volumetric parameters have higher clinical value for growth monitoring than 2D. In addition, contactless 3D measurements enable stress-free growth monitoring of even the smallest preterm infants. However, the time-consuming 3D postprocessing challenges the usability of 3D techniques. Regrettably, none of the identified suitable 3D techniques met all our requirements of an ideal all-in-one body size measuring technique for extreme preterm infants. Handheld 3D scanning might have the best properties for developing this ideal technique.
Systemic cytokine profiles in biliary atresia
Authors: Udomsinprasert Wanvisa , Ungsudechachai Tachatra , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Poovorawan Yong , Honsawek Sittisak 
Published: April 2022

Background
Inflammation and immune dysregulation persuade biliary duct injury in biliary atresia (BA), a leading cause of pediatric liver transplantation given lack of specific biomarkers. We aimed to determine associations between systemic cytokine profiles and clinical parameters in BA patients and to identify potential BA biomarkers.

Methods
Systemic levels of 27 cytokines were measured in 82 BA patients and 25 healthy controls using a multiplex immunoassay. Relative mRNA expressions of candidate cytokines in 20 BA livers and 5 non-BA livers were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results
Higher levels of 17 cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-2, IL-15, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, G-CSF, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and lower levels of IFN-α and PDGF were significantly associated with BA. In BA patients, increased levels of IL-7, eotaxin, IP-10, and IL-13 were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes including jaundice, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Indeed, systemic levels of those cytokines were significantly correlated with clinical parameters indicating jaundice, fibrosis, and hepatic dysfunction in BA patients. Out of 27 cytokines, 4 (IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, and PDGF) had potential as sensitive and specific biomarkers of BA. Of these, higher IL-8 levels were significantly associated with reduced survival of BA. In BA livers, relative mRNA expressions of IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 were significantly up-regulated.

Conclusions
Higher levels of several cytokines including inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulatory cytokines, chemokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines and lower levels of growth factors would reflect inflammatory and immune responses related to BA development. Among 27 cytokines, plasma IL-8 might have great potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BA.
Modernizations in the post-pandemic world
Authors: Smith Rory Stephen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Modernization has been a part of the lift industry for a very long time. There are buildings that are over 100 years old that have been modernized multiple times but continue to use the original direct current machine. Both societal changes and technical innovations will make the modernizations of the very near future different from the modernizations of the present.The motivations for modernization, the societal changes, and the technical innovations will be reviewed. The benefits of the next generation modernization will also be explored.
Adaptively robust nonlinear model predictive control based on attack identification
Authors: Braun Sarah , Albrecht Sebastian , Lucia Sergio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Robust model predictive control (MPC) is an essential tool for control systems under uncertainty as it allows for constraint satisfaction even if disturbances occur. When a system suffers malicious attacks, in contrast to parametric uncertainties or known systems faults, it is difficult to specify tight uncertainty ranges within which possible disturbances lie. In this case, very conservative solutions or even infeasible problems are obtained. To address this issue, we propose an adaptively robust MPC scheme that adjusts the uncertainty ranges to available knowledge about the attackers. To this end, we combine a recently proposed method identifying unknown attacks on nonlinear systems with a multi-stage approach to robust MPC. We illustrate the potential of the method in a numerical case study with a distributed nonlinear system.
VO2 metasurface smart thermal emitter with high visual transparency for passive radiative cooling regulation in space and terrestrial applications
Authors: Sun Kai , Xiao Wei , Wheeler Callum , Simeoni Mirko , Urbani Alessandro , Gaspari Matteo , Mengali Sandro , de Groot C.H. (Kees) , Muskens Otto L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Smart radiative cooling devices based on thermochromic materials such as vanadium dioxide (VO2) are of practical interest for temperature regulation and artificial homeostasis, i.e., maintaining stable equilibrium conditions for survival, both in terrestrial and space applications. In traditional solar reflector configurations, solar absorption in the VO2 layer is a performance limiting factor due to the multiple reflections of sunlight in the stack. Here, we demonstrate a visually transparent, smart radiator panel with reduced solar absorption. An Al-doped ZnO transparent conducting oxide layer acts as a frequency selective infrared back-reflector with high transmission of solar radiation. In this study we make use of high-quality VO2 thin films deposited using atomic layer deposition and optimized annealing process. Patterning of the VO2 layer into a metasurface results in a further reduction of the solar absorption parameter α to around 0.3, while exhibiting a thermal emissivity contrast Δε of 0.26 by exploiting plasmonic enhancement effects. The VO2 metasurface provides a visual spectrum transmission of up to 62%, which is of interest for a range of applications requiring visual transparency. The transparent smart metasurface thermal emitter offers a new approach for thermal management in both space and terrestrial radiative cooling scenarios.
Chemical substitution in processes for inherently safer design: pros and cons
Authors: Khan Easir A. , Syeda Sultana R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of chemical substitution is to replace hazardous chemicals with a less hazardous alternative in a certain product or process to make it safer for human health and the environment. While a lot has been done by researchers, industries and regulatory bodies on chemical substitution for safer products, very little has been reported in the field of safer processes. On the other hand, chemical substitution is one of the core principles of inherently safer design, a concept frequently used in the chemical industry for the prevention of major accidents. This work presents an analysis of implementing chemical substitution methodology for safer processes through inherently safer design. Chemical industries, nowadays, are frequently asked to phase out hazardous chemicals from their processes. This paper provides an insight into the issues and practicability of chemical substitution in processes with the help of case studies and a review of the existing frameworks of inherently safer design.
The beginnings of chemistry: from ancient times until 1661
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Magical natural phenomena, human ingenuity and craftsmanship have evolved into the grand science of chemistry. The story of this process is described through a series of landmark developments: technical chemistry and chemical ideas in the Ancient World, natural philosophy in Ancient Greece, early chemical ideas and technology in Arabia, India and China, the rise of alchemy in Alexandria and its spread to Arabia and subsequently to Europe, the Chinese invention of gunpowder, the growth of alchemy in Europe and the alchemists’ quest to transmute base metals into gold, Michael Sendivogius and his trailblazing alchemical treatise which refocused alchemical investigations onto a new path, the demise of alchemy and its replacement by important new ideas, which were outlined by Robert Boyle during the middle of the seventeenth century.
Alternative model of the communication process: a theoretical proposal
Authors: Socorro Márquez Félix Oscar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to propose, from a theoretical approach, an alternative model of the communication process that includes intentionality, interest, identification, and exchange as part of the internal process of decoding the message experienced by the receiver. The proposal includes the subdivision of the responses offered by the receiver into two possible categories: one simple (short-term), which can mean the programmed response to a specific code; and another complex (long-term), which can mean a change and/or significant transformation in different aspects associated with the recipient. Through a qualitative methodology, with emphasis on documentary review, and inferential and deductive reasoning, the proposed theoretical model has been developed and explained, highlighting the added value that it could offer to the understanding of communication.
Ultrasonic measurement and methods for reconstruction of temperature fields for the use in bioreactors
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Zagar Bernhard G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When operating bioreactors, monitoring the process temperature is of great importance. Ultrasonic temperature measurement enables this without the need for sensors inside the bioreactor. The average speed of sound can be determined from the travel time of ultrasonic waves along the path of known length between a transmitter and a receiver positioned in the reactor wall. Due to the temperature dependence of the speed of sound, the average temperature along the path can be calculated from the average speed of sound. If this measurement is carried out for a sufficiently large number of measurement paths in a slice plane of the bioreactor, the temperature field in this plane can be reconstructed.
In this article, a measurement setup for measuring temperature distributions is presented. Two different methods are then used to reconstruct temperature fields from the travel times measured with this setup. The first method is the Tikhonov regularization, which is widely used to solve inverse problems. The second method is derived from compressed sensing and can only be used under certain conditions. However, if these conditions are met, this method always provides better results than Tikhonov regularization. In addition to reconstruction results from measured travel times, results from simulated travel times are also presented.
Utilizing response surface methodology to evaluate the process parameters of indigenous cucumber fermentation
Authors: Gül Hazal , Güngörmüşler Mine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Commercial pickled cucumbers are produced in variety of salt concentrations including brines up to 15% sodium chloride due to the preventive nature of the salt towards microbial growth. Although it is deemed necessary for manufacturers to utilize high amounts of salts to prolong shelf life, the high content creates a burden for the growth of beneficial microorganisms including probiotics. In this study, the production of naturally fermented cucumbers and their microbial viability were tested with the help of an experimental design tool, Box-Behnken Design (BBD), to evaluate the optimal conditions for the production process and to maintain the highest viability of potential beneficial microorganisms during storage. Accordingly, the operational conditions including salt concentration (2, 5, or 8%), fermentation temperature (20, 25, or 30 °C), and brine filling (pretreatment) temperature (80, 85, or 90 °C) were optimized with a significant fit to a quadratic model (p < 0.05). The trends for sugar consumption and total acid production were monitored to demonstrate the correlation between the above-mentioned operational parameters for the fermentation process of pickled cucumbers with indigenous microorganisms. Overall, 5% salt content, 70 °C filling temperature and 25 °C fermentation medium was determined to maintain over 6 log cfu/mL viability. The results represent a valuable contribution to the pickle industry including a know-how of process parameters.
Isto não é um ensaio
Authors: Rodrigues Talita Jordina 
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho pretende estabelecer um diálogo entre temas e autores que aparentemente não pertencem a um mesmo grupo, ou seja, não se relacionam de maneira natural. Os temas são a lógica e a literatura e os autores são Jorge Luis Borges e José Saramago. A discussão proposta parte de uma conferência do autor português a respeito do autor argentino, intitulada Algumas provas da existência real de Herbert Quain. A partir de uma análise detalhada desse texto, é possível observar que ele vai muito além daquilo que aparentemente se propõe: fazer uma homenagem a um autor e sua obra. Na verdade, o que Saramago faz de maneira engenhosa é tomar elementos propriamente borgeanos para falar a respeito de Borges, ou seja, sua homenagem não se restringe ao plano semântico, mas também se apresenta na forma. Incluindo ferramentas argumentativas da matemática e da filosofia, temas muito caros a Borges, Saramago constrói uma espécie de jogo no qual emergem discussões que vão da relação pouco natural entre as ciências exatas e humanas até os trânsitos entre os universos do real e do ficcional.
Complejo de Carney: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gutiérrez-Restrepo Johnayro , Aguilar-Londoño Carolina , Prieto-Saldarriaga Carolina 
Published: April 2022

El complejo de Carney es una enfermedad caracterizada por lesiones en la piel, tumores endocrinos, ardiacos, gonadales y en otros órganos, que está asociada con mutaciones del gen PRKAR1A. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con varias de las manifestaciones más características de este síndrome. Finalmente, se hace una revisión de la literatura.
Impacto del juego de roles sociales en la formación de la función simbólica en preescolares
Authors: González-Moreno Claudia Ximena , Solovieva Yulia 
Published: April 2022

El artículo presenta los resultados de la aplicación del método de juego de roles sociales en una población preescolar colombiana. En el estudio participaron 32 niños entre los 5 y 6 años en condiciones de vulnerabilidad divididos en dos grupos: experimental y control. Los niños del grupo experimental se incluyeron en la actividad de juego de roles con introducción de estrategias para la formación de la función simbólica en diversos niveles de desarrollo. El aná­lisis pre-test y post-test permitió observar cambios en el desarrollo simbólico en los niveles materializado, perceptivo y verbal de los niños del grupo experimental después de la intervención, a diferencia de los niños del grupo control.
IMPACT OF E-LEARNING AS A TEACHING STRATEGY IN THE NURSING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NURSING STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS
Authors: Anwer Dlzar 
Published: April 2022

Background
During this pandemic, e-learning platforms play a critical role in helping instructors, schools, and universities enable student learning during times of university and school closure. COVID-19’s safety features have made online learning a valuable and practical instrument for curriculum delivery throughout the globe.
Objectives
E-influence learning’s on nursing students and instructors during the COVID-19 epidemic was the focus of this research.
Methods
Descriptive research was conducted at Hawler Medical University, College of Nursing. Self-administered surveys were utilized to gather information. Due to the accuracy of the study’s findings, the used questionnaire was validated. In addition, the questionnaire was trustworthy since it consistently returned the same results throughout the trial. The research included 90 nursing students and 30 faculty members. For both students and instructors, frequency and percentage were used to examine the data.
Results
The majority of students and instructors firmly agreed that they were pleased with the employment of digital technology in class. Students and instructors have traditionally found the travel costs reduced by taking online classes. However, this is not always the case. It was common knowledge among both students and instructors alike that they were pleased to work online while caring for their families.
Conclusion
This research found that E-learning, when employed as a teaching method tool in nursing education programs, significantly impacted curriculum improvement. To ensure the safety of nursing teaching staff and students during the COVID-19 pandemic, E-learning as a teaching technique is essential.
ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF STRESS AND COPING BEHAVIORS STRATEGIES AMONG STUDENTS AT THE COLLEGE OF NURSING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SULAIMANI
Authors: Abdalla Sarbaz , Saleha Mahdi 
Published: April 2022

Background
Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. It is almost impossible to live without stress, but if the stress gets out of control, it may harm well-being, health, relationship and enjoyment of life. Students are subjected to different stressors such as the pressure of academics with an obligation to succeed, an uncertain future and difficulties of integrating into the system. Other ways of coping have been found to be more or less adaptive.
Objectives
The general aim of the study is to assess the levels of stress among nursing students and how they cope with stressors at the College of Nursing at the University of Sulaimani.
Materials and Methods
Data was collected from 85 nursing students. Nursing from all stages. A modified Perceived stress scale and brief coping inventory were used to collect data. SPSS version 21 with Chi-square and Fisher exact test for association was used for data analysis.
Results
The study revealed that the majority of the sample (81.4%) had a moderate level of stress, while most of them (83.7%) used high levels of coping strategies.
Conclusion
The study revealed a strong relationship between levels of stress and coping strategies used by the participants.