bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Plating Fixation Through the Kocher–Langenbeck Approach for Associated Posterior Wall Fragment Indispensable in Both‐Column Acetabular Fractures?
Authors: Tian Siyu , Zhang Ruipeng , Liang Shaobo , Yin Yingchao , Ma Lijie , Liu Guodong , Guo Xiaodong , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment methods for posterior wall (PW) in both‐column acetabular fractures are controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare reduction quality, clinical outcomes, and complications of nonfixation for posterior wall fragment and plating via the Kocher–Langenbeck (KL) approach after anterior surgical procedures in both‐column acetabular fractures.MethodsForty‐nine patients with both‐column acetabular fractures associated with PW fixed via iliac fossa and Stoppa approaches from October 2012 to October 2017 were recruited into this study and were divided into two groups: Nonfix group (nonfixation for PW) and KL group (PW plating through the KL approach). Operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, fracture healing, and relevant complications of patients were reviewed. Merle d'Aubigné scores were used for assessing functional outcome.ResultsThe mean blood loss and operation durations were lower in Nonfix group than in KL group (both p < 0.05). The mean hospital stay durations were (18.54 ± 6.42) days and (21.17 ± 7.32) days in groups Nonfix and KL, respectively (p = 0.186). All fractures healed well with no significant difference in union time between the two groups (p = 0.210). The rates of satisfactory reduction were 84.62% (22/26) in Nonfix group and 86.96% (20/23) in KL group (p = 1.000). The mean Merle d'Aubigné scores were 15.62 ± 2.28 in Nonfix group and 16.17 ± 2.19 in KL group (p = 0.388). The complication rates were 7.69% (2/26) in Nonfix group and 34.78% (8/23) in KL group (p = 0.046).ConclusionsFor both‐column acetabular fractures associated with PW fragment, although fixation of PW was not performed after anterior surgical procedures, satisfactory outcomes could also be obtained. However, nonfixation was a less invasive choice with a lower complication rate.
Aus rice root architecture variation contributing to grain yield under drought suggests a key role of nodal root diameter class
Authors: Liao Qiong , Chebotarov Dmytro , Islam Mohammad S. , Quintana Marinell R. , Natividad Mignon A. , De Ocampo Marjorie , Beredo Joseph C. , Torres Rolando O. , Zhang Zhenhua , Song Haixing , Price Adam H. , McNally Kenneth L. , Henry Amelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aus rice variety group originated in stress‐prone regions and is a promising source for the development of new stress‐tolerant rice cultivars. In this study, an aus panel (~220 genotypes) was evaluated in field trials under well‐watered and drought conditions and in the greenhouse (basket, herbicide and lysimeter studies) to investigate relationships between grain yield and root architecture, and to identify component root traits behind the composite trait of deep root growth. In the field trials, high and stable grain yield was positively related to high and stable deep root growth (r = 0.16), which may indicate response to within‐season soil moisture fluctuations (i.e., plasticity). When dissecting component traits related to deep root growth (including angle, elongation and branching), the number of nodal roots classified as 'large‐diameter' was positively related to deep root growth (r = 0.24), and showed the highest number of colocated genome‐wide association study (GWAS) peaks with grain yield under drought. The role of large‐diameter nodal roots in deep root growth may be related to their branching potential. Two candidate loci that colocated for yield and root traits were identified that showed distinct haplotype distributions between contrasting yield/stability groups and could be good candidates to contribute to rice improvement.
Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation triggered by caffeine provokes resistance against a broad range of biotic stress in rice
Authors: Park Jong‐Chan , Yoo Youngchul , Lim Hyemin , Yun Sopheap , Win Kay Tha Ye Soe , Kim Kyung‐Min , Lee Gang‐Seob , Cho Man‐Ho , Lee Tae Hoon , Sano Hiroshi , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChemical pesticides are still frequently overused to diminish such crop loss caused by biotic stress despite the threat to humans and the environment. Thus, it is urgent to find safer and more effective defense strategies. In this study, we report that caffeine, implanted through a transgenic approach, enhances resistance against variable biotic stresses in rice without fitness cost. Caffeine‐producing rice (CPR) was generated by introducing three N‐methyltransferase genes involved in the biosynthesis of caffeine in coffee plants. The CPR plants have no differences in morphology and growth compared to their wild‐type counterparts, but they show strongly enhanced resistance to both bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, and attack of white‐backed planthoppers. Caffeine acts as a repellent agent against rice pathogens. Moreover, caffeine triggers a series of Ca2+ signalling‐like processes to synthesize salicylic acid (SA), a hormone associated with plant resistance. In CPR, phosphodiesterase was inhibited by caffeine, cAMP and cGMP increased, intracellular Ca2+ increased, phenylalanine lyase (PAL) was activated by OsCPK1, and SA synthesis was activated. This finding is a novel strategy to improve resistance against the biotic stresses of crops with a special type of defense inducer.
Use of DCD organs: Expanding the donor pool to increase pediatric transplantation
Authors: Hwang Christine S. , MacConmara Malcolm , Dick André A. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of children being listed for transplant continues to be greater than the number of available organs. In fact, over the past decade, rates of liver and kidney transplants in pediatric transplantation are essentially unchanged (Am J Transplant. 2020;20:193 and Am J Transplant. 2020;20:20). The use of DCD donors offers a potential solution to organ scarcity; however, the use of DCD organs in pediatric transplantation remains a rare event. Pediatric transplants done using carefully chosen DCD donor organs have shown to have outcomes similar to those seen with the use of donation after brain death (DBD) donors. Herein, we review the literature to examine the utilization of DCD livers and kidneys, outcomes of these allografts, and assess if DCD organs are a viable method to increase organ availability in pediatric transplantation.
Vascular traits of stem galls: Cell increment versus morphogenetic constraints in wood anatomy
Authors: Jorge N. d. C. , Freitas M. d. S. C. , Caffaro R. M. , Vale F. H. A. , Lemos‐Filho J. P. , Isaias R. M. d. S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Eremanthus erythropappus hosts globoid stem galls induced by Neolasioptera sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) close to the stem apex, which do not compromise the shoot apical meristem (SAM). We hypothesize that maintenance of the SAM, as well as the increasing number of leaves per branch and of galled stem lengths and diameters, are a consequence of alterations in vascular cells and, consequently, in the priority for water flow from non‐galled stems to the stem galls. Our study focuses on the globoid stem galls to evaluate if gall induction and development promote changes in structure and function of secondary xylem cells.

Anatomical, cytological, histometric and physiological methods were used to analyse non‐galled stem branches (NGS), mature globoid stem galls and stem portions below and above the galls.

These analyses revealed that vessel elements are larger in stem galls and in stem portions above the galls. Under Neolasioptera sp. induction activity, the vascular cambium of E. erythropappus produces less numerous but larger vessel elements and overproduces parenchyma cells.

Contrary to the vascular constriction hypothesis proposed for bacterial galls, the vascular traits of the Neolasioptera sp. stem galls on E. erythropappus result in priority for water flow to galls and the non‐galled portions above the galls, allowing the maintenance of galled stem growth and development.
Phoma black stem severity and phytoestrogen production in annual Medicago spp. is primarily determined by interaction of cultivar and pathogen isolate
Authors: Omidvari Mahtab , Flematti Gavin R. , You Ming Pei , Abbaszadeh‐Dahaji Payman , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhoma black stem and leaf spot disease (caused by Phoma medicaginis) not only diminishes forage and seed yield but stimulates production of detrimental phytoestrogens in annual Medicago spp. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between disease development from five isolates of P. medicaginis on 16 cultivars with production of coumestrol and 4′‐O‐methylcoumestrol. In the presence of P. medicaginis, Sava had the highest coumestrol and 4′‐O‐methylcoumestrol (640 and 85 mg/kg, respectively) followed by Caliph (253 and 15 mg/kg, respectively). In the absence of P. medicaginis, Jemalong and Paragosa showed highest and lowest coumestrol (137 and 0 mg/kg, respectively). 4′‐O‐methylcoumestrol was not produced in disease‐free plants, but coumestrol was. Disease incidence and severity on leaves and on petiole/stems, and consequent leaf yellowing severity ranged from 5%–98.7%, 0%–100%, 4.4%–98.7%, 1.7%–100%, and 0%–85%. Sava, Paraponto, Harbinger, and Serena were most susceptible, while Tornafield and Caliph were least susceptible. There was significant overall positive correlation of disease incidence/severity factors across cultivars (p < 0.01) with both coumestrol and 4′‐O‐methylcoumestrol. Jemalong was least responsive and Paragosa and Sava most responsive to coumestrol production following P. medicaginis inoculation. Coumestrol in inoculated Paragosa increased to 373 mg/kg in comparison with 0 mg/kg in controls. These findings are of critical importance towards developing less disease‐susceptible annual Medicago spp. producing less detrimental phytoestrogens. Least susceptible cultivars like Tornafield and Caliph can be used to manage yield loss, whilst least responsive cultivars to phytoestrogen production like Caliph also can help to reduce phytoestrogen production.
A novel experimental method to characterise the shear strength of concrete based on pre‐stressed samples
Authors: Forquin Pascal , Abdul‐Rahman Reem , Saletti Dominique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present paper describes a novel experimental method for characterising the confined shear strength of concrete or rock‐like materials based on the use of pre‐stressed sample. This method, called PS‐PTS (Pre‐Stressed Punch‐Through‐Shear), employs a metallic confinement cell that is first quasi‐statically deformed so the concrete sample can be introduced in between the cell jaws. The confinement force is transmitted to the sample in the unloading stage. It is shown that this initial pre‐load level can be predicted by an elastic closed‐form solution. Strain‐gauges glued on the cell allow the confinement level applied to the sample to be experimentally measured during the pre‐stressing stage and the shear stage. In the next stage, the central part of the sample is subjected to a differential displacement towards the lateral parts by means of a hydraulic press so the confined shear strength of the tested material can be deduced. The results are compared to the data previously obtained with an “oedometric” confinement cell in terms of confinement stresses and shear strength.Highlights

A Pre‐Stressed Punch‐Through‐Shear technique is proposed based on pre‐loaded cell.
A close‐form solution predicts the level of pre‐load applied to the sample.
The cell is instrumented with strain gauges, so the applied forces are measured.
The technique is applied to characterise the confined shear strength of concrete.
Results are compared to those obtained with the ‘Oedo‐PTS’ testing method.
Measuring user experience of care among caregivers of sick children: Validation and descriptive analysis in a sample of 75 health facilities in rural Tanzania
Authors: Clarke‐Deelder Emma , Eliakimu Eliudi , Mbatia Redempta , Bohren Meghan A. , Mashasi Irene , Larson Elysia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveUser experience is an important aspect of quality of care that is highly valued by patients. However, there are currently no validated tools for measuring user experience among caregivers of sick children in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We aimed to develop and validate a measure of user experience in this population in primary healthcare facilities in rural Tanzania, where major quality improvement efforts to date have not included a large focus on user experience. We then aimed to describe variation in user experience between and within facilities.MethodsInformed by theory and formative qualitative research, we developed questions to measure user experience across three domains: prompt care, respect, and communication. We then conducted interviewer‐administered surveys with caregivers of sick children. Using survey data, we conducted psychometric analyses to inform the development of a composite measure of user experience. Finally, we used multilevel models to describe variation in user experience and examine associations with facility, patient, and caregiver characteristics.ResultsSurveys were completed by 1085 caregivers across 75 facilities. In exploratory factor analysis, user experience items did not group according to theoretical domains. We therefore assessed items individually and designed a single 8‐item additive measure of user experience. Using this composite measure, and adjusting for differences in case mix across facilities, we found that 69% of variation in user experience was within facilities and 31% was between facilities. Smaller facility size and more caregiver education were positively associated with user experience.ConclusionsWe found that user experience varied significantly across health facilities in rural Tanzania, highlighting opportunities for improvement. Measurement tools are needed to inform efforts to improve user experience and monitor changes over time. The scale developed in this study could serve as a starting point for the measurement of user experience among caregivers in similar settings.
Mechanical Responses of the Fingertip During Grasp-and-Lift Tasks
Authors: Kimmelman Jay S. , Dennerlein Jack Tigh , Howe Robert D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The human fingertip and its viscoelastic fingertip pad mediate much of our mechanical interaction with the environment. In manipulation tasks like grasping and lifting, soft-tissue deformation and passive joint rotation of the fingertip may be an important component for fine motor control and dexterity. Johansson and Westling [1] have extensively studied fingertip forces and neural responses during grasp-and-lift tasks, but their work is mainly limited to the description of how force develops throughout the lift. Pawluk [2] and Serina et al. [4] have examined fingertip pad deformations under compressive loading only. Our goal is to develop a more complete model of fingertip response during grasp-and-lift, including changing pressure distributions, soft-tissue deformation, orientation of the fingertip, and their effects on manipulation. We hypothesize that during a typical grasp and lift task, the centroid of pressure of the fingertip moves upward due to fingertip pad deformation as well as passive rotation of the metacarpal and interphalangeal joints.
Developing a Finite Element Model of a Human Femur From Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Murphy Benjamin M. , Todd Beth A. , Cuttino James F. , Shackelford Linda C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Under the conditions of weightlessness, astronauts have a tendency to exhibit bone mineral loss in their spines and lower extremities (Oganov et al., 1992). According to Wolf’s law, bone adapts to functional demands by remodeling to reflect the distribution of stress placed on the bone (Bentzen et al., 1987). To prevent remodeling, NASA has suggested a plan of resistive exercises to produce the appropriate stress distributions to counteract the remodeling process. Prolonged bed rest studies are used by NASA to simulate a zero gravity environment on earth. During these bed rest studies, different exercises are performed on a device called the horizontal exercise machine (HEM). These exercises are the same type as those that are proposed for space flight.
Strain Fields of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Surface in a Subluxed Shoulder: A Stereoradiogrammetric Study
Authors: Malicky David M. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Bey Michael J. , Mouro Cameron M. , Kuhn John E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The inferior glenohumeral ligament serves as a critical restraint to anteroinferior dislocation. This study utilizes a biomechanical model to determine the strain field in the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) in a subluxed shoulder. Spherical lead object markers were carefully attached to the IGHL surface in a grid pattern. Two capsular configurations were used for strain field calculations: a “nominal” state and a “strained” state. For the nominal state, the capsule was inflated in neutral rotation with low pressure air. For the strained state, the humerus was externally rotated and anteroinferiorly subluxed. Stereoradiographs were taken of both configurations and markers digitized. Three-dimensional coordinates of object markers were reconstructed and strain fields calculated. Maximum principal strains on the glenoid side of the IGHL were significantly greater than the humeral side, and strain fields were highly variable over the region studied. This study reports an accurate method for measuring planar strains in a three-dimensional membrane.
Artery Wall Adaptation in Health and Disease
Authors: Zarins Christopher K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Artery walls respond to hemodynamic influences of blood flow and blood pressure. Flow and pressure are critical during growth and development as well as adult life. Blood vessels adapt and respond with changes in diameter and wall thickness to accommodate changing hemodynamic environments and needs. Pathologic processes such as: aneurysmal wall degeneration, aneurysm formation and intimal hyperplasia, are similarly influenced by hemodynamic conditions. Hemodynamic factors such as wall shear-stress, particle residence time and heart rate can profoundly influence plaque localization. Hemodynamic conditions can be markedly altered by exercise or drug manipulation and may significantly influence clinical manifestation of vascular disease. The hemodynamic factors important in atherosclerotic vascular disease and the rationale for the beneficial effect of exercise will be emphasized.
Evaluation of Valvular Regurgitation in a Porcine Bioprosthetic Valve
Authors: Smith Barry K. , Anayiotos Andreas S. , Kolda Michal , Nanda Navin C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The diagnosis and quantification of valvular regurgitation in patients is important in clinical decision making. The purpose of this study is to define precise and practical methods to predict regurgitant flow through a defective porcine bioprosthetic valve by non-invasive ultrasound based modalities. The investigation combines studies of the velocity flowfield by Doppler Ultrasound as well as the regurgitant orifice morphology by 3-D echocardiography.
CFD-Based Design Optimization of a Three-Dimensional Turbo Blood Pump
Authors: Burgreen Greg W. , Antaki James F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The analysis capabilities of CFD are beginning to be recognized by the biomedical community as a means to effect design improvements. Specifically, CFD is being used as a tool to help designers suggest improvements in the fluid dynamic behavior within prosthetic devices or pertaining to a surgical procedure. Some flow problems that have been analyzed with this intent in mind include blood pumps of rotary [1,2] and positive displacement [3] types and vascular grafts and stents [4].
Determination of Microscopic Wall Shear Stress Distribution on Endothelial Cell Model
Authors: Fukushima Shuichiro , Deguchi Takaaki , Nishida Masahiro , Kaibara Makoto , Oka Kotaro , Tanishita Kazuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wall shear stress induced by blood flow affects morphology and physiology of endothelial cells. The specific mechanisms alternating shapes and functions have not been identified in endothelial cells, because of the lack of a detailed description of the flow near the cell surface. To clarify the mechanism, an analysis of the flow on subcellular scale is required. We therefore developed velocimetry using expanded cell model (Fukushima et al. 1997). The method, however, needs some improvements in order to discuss wall shear stress distribution on subcellular scale. In this paper we deal with determination of three-dimensional velocity field and wall shear stress distribution and verify the reliability by comparing experimental results with theoretical solution.
Mechanistic Model of Arterial Thrombosis in Collagen-Coated Stenoses
Authors: Wootton David M. , Markou Christos P. , Hanson Stephen R. , Ku David N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A mechanistic model of arterial thrombosis has been developed, based on platelet transport by convection and shear-enhanced diffusion, and platelet adhesion at a lumped kinetic rate. The model is compared to platelet deposition on collagen-coated stenoses in an ex vivo thrombosis experiment that uses non-anticoagulated blood. In the converging regions of the stenosis, the model reproduces the spatial platelet deposition pattern, and matches deposition rates reasonably well. The model suggests that platelet thrombosis on type I collagen in stenotic arterial flow is transport-dominated.
Numerical Simulation of Antibody Penetration in a Solid Tumor Nodule Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Banerjee Rupak K. , Praxmaraer Meinrad , Dilber Ilhan , Bungay Peter , van Osdol William , Sung Cynthia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The high binding specificity that monoclonal antibodies exhibit has led to great interest in using them to target tumor-associated antigens. The antibody may be coupled to a radionuclide or cytotoxic drug to create a tumor-targeted reagent that can be used to identify sites of metastatic disease and/or deliver a lethal substance to the tumor cells. However, successful application of these compounds in a clinical setting has been hindered by a poor understanding of the factors that govern antibody accumulation in a tumor. We have used a finite element method to develop a pharmacokinetic model describing the uptake of systemically-administered antibody in an early, prevascular spherical tumor nodule embedded in normal tissue. The model incorporates such processes as plasma kinetics, transcapillary transport, interstitial diffusion, binding reactions, lymphatic clearance, and antigen internalization.