bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6084 Cases of Non-neonatal Tetanus from China: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Gou Yi , Li Shengming , Zhang Junfei , Hei Xiaoping , Lv Bohui , Feng Ke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and the situations of the treatment and outcome of tetanus and find out the focus of tetanus prevention and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality in China, this paper retrospectively studied the literature and analyzed the clinical characteristics and the situations of treatment and outcome of tetanus in China.
Methods: Four databases, including the Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data, were searched from 1 January/2000 to 30/October/2022. Descriptive statistics calculated frequencies and percentages.
Results: The total 151 articles, including 6084 tetanus patients, met the inclusion criteria. 5925 patients were recorded gender in detail, of which 66.67% (3950/5925) were male, and 33.33% (1975/ 5925) were female. The average age of the detailed records was 4773 cases, with an overall average age of 46.69; the minimum and maximum mean ages are 25.00 and 65.22 years old, respectively. The number of patients’ residence places recorded was 580; those from rural areas had the highest percentage, 88.62% (514 / 580). The causes of injury recorded were 1592 cases in total; injuries caused by metals, wood, and wooden spikes, such as rusty nails and iron pieces, accounted for the highest percentage of 54.52% (868/1592). The patients recorded outcome amounted to 4305 cases, of whom 402 died, and the mortality was 9.34%. The leading causes of death included treatment terminatedby family members, asphyxia due to persistent spasms, respiratory failure, and autonomic dysfunction, in which family automatic abandonment and asphyxia accounted for the highest percentage, both 24.00% (54/225).
Conclusion: the overall success rate of tetanus treatment in China has dramatically improved, but the prevention and control situation of non-neonatal tetanus is still strenuous; the focus of it should be put on the prevention of adult tetanus and standardizing the use of sedative and spasmolytic drugs. Popularize tetanus prevention and treatment knowledge to the people, and strengthen the training in grass-roots hospitals, the combined application of Chinese and western medicine may be a new direction with the value of exploring reducing the dosage of sedative and spasmolytic drugs.
Poultry industry by-products as an alternative source of exotic leather
Authors: Teshome Zerihun , Tesfaye Tamrat , Belay Tsion , Esubalew Tesfaldet , Baye Belete 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chicken paw skin was available in enormous quantities, which would be considered waste in the Ethiopian poultry industry. Due to a lack of awareness and technology in Ethiopia, chicken paw skin was neither consumed as food by people nor converted into leather and leather products by tanneries. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of poultry waste beneficiation. Raw chicken paw skin was characterized by using a different chemical treatment to convert it into leather and leather products by using a suitable and eco-friendly tanning method. In this study, organoleptic properties, tensile strength, tear strength, visual assessment, water absorption properties of chicken leather, and leather products were made from chicken leg leather. Chicken leg leather has a unique grain structure, good strength, and an attractive look. Chicken paw leather has good physical properties, with tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength of 244.6N, 29%, and 28.6N, respectively, like exotic animals used to produce small and medium leather products. The feasibility of using chicken poultry waste and leather paw skin was also investigated. Finally, chicken leg leather demonstrates the potential for use as a raw material for highly fashionable leather, which is used for medium-sized leather products with low manufacturing costs.
The Computational Description of O 2 Molecules Purification Process from CO 2 Pollution via Porous Iron Membrane
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Sabetvand Roozbeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The concept of porous material is implemented in many areas of applied science and engineering such as filtration, mechanics, engineering, geosciences, biology and biophysics, material science. In current computational research, we report the porous iron matrix as a metallic membrane for air purification from Carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. In our calculations, the porous iron membrane was simulated in MD simulation box with the Embedded Atom Model (EAM). The membrane purification behavior is reported with temperature, total energy, filtration value, Young’s modulus, and ultimate strength. Temperature and total energy convergence indicated the atomic stability in our MD simulations. Furthermore, the atomic purification process was detected after t = 2 ns for the defined metallic membrane. This process is affected by temperature/pressure increasing from 300 K/1 bar to 350 K/5 bar, and number of absorbed CO2 molecules in MD simulations varies from 122 to 98/154 molecules. Also, mechanical calculations show that the metallic membrane was weakened mechanically after the purification process. Numerically, Young’s modulus of the porous iron membrane decreases from 6.11 GPa to 5.88 GPa after CO2 molecules separation from O2 molecules with porous iron matrix.
Implementation of Smart Materials for Actuation of Traditional Valve Technology for Hybrid Energy Systems
Authors: zaman saqlain , Leyva Alba , Hassan Md Sahid , Valladolid Ariztbe , Herrera Nicolas E. , Tucker David , Haynes Comas , Lin Yirong , Gomez Sofia G. , Mahmud Md Shahjahan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ever-changing nature of the power industry will require the implementation of hybrid energy systems. Integration of tightly coupled components in hybrids often involves the diversion of high-temperature flow, which need expensive valve technology. An innovative smart material actuation technology is proposed to replace traditional electro-mechanical actuated valve mechanisms with lighter and less expensive actuators. A shape memory alloy (SMA) spring-actuated valve was designed for high-temperature service to demonstrate the promise of smart materials in control valve applications. With SMA springs only generating a maximum force of 3.2N, an innovative valve design was necessary. To demonstrate the concept, a 3-inch Nominal Pipe Size valve was designed and 3D printed using the Stereolithography technique. Increasing the electrical current to actuate the SMA springs reduced actuation time. The maximum current of 10 amps produced the lowest actuation time of 2.85 seconds, with an observed maximum stroke rate of more than 100%/s (considering actuation open/close as 100% stroke) at the midrange. The final assembly of the valve for high-temperature (>600°C) applications was estimated to provide a cost reduction of more than 75% and a weight reduction of 90%.
Cone Beam CT-Based Adaptive Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Assessment Using Automated Planning for Head-and-Neck Cancer
Authors: Xu Yihang , Jin William , Butkus Michael , De Ornelas Mariluz , Cyriac Jonathan , Padgett Kyle , Samuels Stuart , Samuels Michael , Dogan Nesrin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the feasibility of CBCT-based adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using automated planning for treatment of head and neck (HN) cancers.
Methods
Twenty HN cancer patients treated with IMPT and had daily CBCTs were included. Initial IMPT plans were created using automated planning software for all patients. Synthetic CTs (sCT) were created by deforming planning CT (pCT) to CBCTs. rCTs were deformed to CBCT obtained on the same day to create deformed rCT (rCTdef) as gold standard. Doses recalculated on sCT and rCTdef with the were compared using gamma analysis. The dosimetric parameters were assessed based on rCTdef, sCT with deformably propagated contours or with physician-corrected contours. Weekly sCTs were then created for all patients. For non-adaptive group, dose was directly recalculated on weekly sCTs. For adaptive group, adaptive IMPT plans were created on weekly sCT using the automated planning software. The non-adapted and adapted dose-volume parameters on weekly sCTs were evaluated. The weekly doses were accumulated back to the pCT for both groups, and dosimetric parameters were compared in between.
Results
High dosimetric agreement was found between sCT and rCTdef with high gamma passing rate of 97.4%±1.6% using 3mm/3% criteria. With contour correction on sCT by physician, the uncertainty range of using sCT to estimate mean dose for organ at risk (OARs) can be reduced to (-2.37%, 2.19%), while for V95 of primary or secondary CTVs, the uncertainty can be controlled within (-1.09%, 0.29%). For non-adapted treatments, 15.7%, 34% and 55.7% of the fractions didn’t meet the V95 > 98% constraint for primary, secondary and tertiary CTVs respectively while all adaptive fractions met the constraint. In the accumulated dose, adaptive planning significantly reduced mean dose to constrictors (-1.42Gy ± 2.79Gy) and larynx (-2.58Gy ± 3.09Gy) compared to non-adaptive group, resulting in significantly reduction on the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of larynx edema by 7.52%± 13.59%.
Conclusion
sCT can be a powerful tool for accurate proton dose calculation. Physician contour correction is recommended to reduce the uncertainty for dose evaluation. Daily adaptation resulted in better CTV coverage, OAR sparing and lower NTCP for some OARs as compared with non-adaptive IMPT.
Public Investment Financed by Seigniorage and Money Supply Control
Authors: Noda Hideo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines the conditions necessary for the effective functioning of infrastructure management and monetary control policies in a seigniorage dependent economy based on an overlapping generations model. Moreover, we analyze the relationship between the ratio of private capital to public capital and changes in the general price level. The results show that when the monetary growth rate that maximizes the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is selected, the elasticity of the ratio of private capital to public capital with respect to monetary growth depends on the private capital elasticity of GDP. If maximizing social welfare is equivalent to maximizing economic growth, the elasticity of the ratio of private capital to public capital with respect to the share of expenditure on infrastructure investment is zero. When the initial value of the ratio of private capital to public capital is at a sufficiently low (high) level, inflation (deflation) occurs during the transition path.
JEL classification: E52; H54; O40
Survival of Escherichia coli in the Arctic fjorden: A Microcosm study during Arctic summer and fall
Authors: Akhil Prakash E. , Jabir T. , Soumya Krishnankutty , Krishnan K. P. , Mohamed Hatha A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Arctic is losing its pristine nature due to the increased warming and human activities in the region. This may lead to the introduction of mesophilic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) into the environment. The warming trend in the Arctic will support those bacteria to thrive in the environment. The horizontal gene exchange mechanism in the bacteria will lead to an exchange of antibiotic-resistant genes with the environmental microbes. Migratory birds have a significant role in the dissemination of pathogenic and ARB into the Arctic. In this study, the survival of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant mesophilic bacteria, E. coli isolated from migratory birds, Barnacle goose was carried out. In-situ microcosm studies were carried out in the Arctic during the summer (2017) and fall (2018) to evaluate the survival of the bacteria in the environments. In addition, this study also tested the factors such as biological, chemical, and physical parameters that determine the survival of E.coli in the Arctic waters. In the Arctic summer, the removal of the bacteria is mainly influenced by biological factors and solar radiation during summer and prolonged survival of E.coli during the fall season.
Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19
Authors: Mansouri Nasrin , Tarlan Mitra , Nikkhoo Bahram , Mansouri Kamran , Rahmani Khaled , Erfan Mohammad Bagher Khadem , Rostamifar Zahra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The worldwide effect of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since it was proclaimed a pandemic has been unparalleled. The majority of studies have focused on biochemical and hematological laboratory markers, with relatively little information on ABG analysis. We evaluated electrolytes, renal function tests, and any potential effects of RAS upregulation on electrolytes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients to better understand the ABG results, particularly the acid-base results. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, a referral hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. 77 patients with COVID-19 identified in the lab who were admitted to the Hospital between March 21 and September 23, 2021, were included in the research. Laboratory and ABG data were collected retrospectively, as well as demographic information such as age, gender, and patient outcome Results: The study population included 77 patients of which 55 (71.4%) were survivors, while 22(44.6%) died from COVID-19 complications. In addition, 57 patients (74%) had severe COVID-19 and 26 (20%) had moderate COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 61.58 ± 17.76 (range 23–95). There were 35 (45.5%) females and 42 (54.5%) males. Patients on covid-19 have reduced PO2, and SO2 values and higher urea and creatinine levels. Acid–base disturbance was found in 87.7% of the patients, and respiratory alkalosis (22.4%) was the main alteration followed by metabolic alkalosis (20.7%), combined acidosis (12.1%), combined alkalosis (6.9%), respiratory acidosis (3.4%), metabolic acidosis (3.4%) and other compensated acid-base disturbances (12.7%). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 symptoms were at high risk of acid-base disorders. They were subjected to a variety of acid-base changes. The most common acid-base disorders in this group of patients were metabolic and respiratory alkalosis.
Robot skeleton design aimed at agricultural environment
Authors: Cardoso José Ricardo Ferreira , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Turco José Eduardo Pitelli , Estevam Francisca Nivanda de Lima 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article brings the constructive aspects of a robotic structure that has mechanical characteristics inspired by vertebrate animals present in the agricultural environment or in similar landscapes. It is built in aluminum and has a design that allows its locomotion in soils with different textures. Each of the four legs is treated, in principle, uniquely and independently to allow a spherical area for the reason of having 4 degrees of freedom. Each of its rotational joints allows 180° movement. The base is hexagonal to increase its contact area, balance its volume and allow it to float. The scope of this article starts from the formation of its bio-inspired structure and materials used and passes through direct and inverse kinematics, differential movements and speeds, static and dynamic analysis of forces that allowed us to conclude that, when it comes to terrains with heterogeneous textures, it is necessary expand the concept of agricultural robots to encompass their bio-inspired adaptability in animals living in agricultural cultivation areas and the like.
Three-way group decision-making based on geometric Heronian mean operators with q-Rung orthopair uncertain linguistic information
Authors: Wang Huidong , Zhang Yao , Yao Jinli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As an effective tool for three-way decisions (3WD) problems, decision-theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) have raised increasing attention recently. In view of the advantages of q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic variables ( q-OULVs) in depicting uncertain information, a new DTRSs model based on q -ROULVs is proposed to solve three-way group decision-making (3WGDM) problems. Firstly, the loss function of DTRSs is defined by q‐ROULVs and a q ‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic DTRSs model is constructed. Secondly, to aggregate different experts’ evaluation results on loss function in group decision-making (GDM) scenario, the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic geometric Heronian mean ( q‐ROULGHM ) operator and the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic weighted geometric Heronian mean ( q‐ROULWGHM ) operator are presented. Related properties of the proposed operators are investigated. Thirdly, to compare the expected loss of each alternative, a new score function of q‐ROULVs is defined and the corresponding decision rules for 3WGDM are deduced. Finally, a descriptive example of venture capital in high-tech projects is provided to verify the rationality and effectiveness of our method. The influence of different conditional probabilities and parameter values on decision results is comprehensively discussed.
Effect of Statins on the Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with Different
Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of
Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Aslani Saeed , Razi Bahman , Imani Danyal , Mohammadi Keyhan , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Reiner Željko , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Statins are the main lipid-lowering drugs and are used in the prevention
of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Since the results have been, to some extent,
inconsistent in the clinical trials concerning different types of CVDs, a systematic review
and meta-analysis was performed to prove the effect of statins on decreasing elevated levels
of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),
and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with CVDs.

Methods:
Literature search was performed on major electronic databases (MEDLINE/
PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science) from inception up to July 2021 to find
randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of different statins on different
types of CVDs. The effect size was determined using weighted mean difference (WMD)
and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Statin therapy significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol (WMD = -33.37
mg/dl, 95% CI: -45.98 to -20.76, P<0.001), LDL-C (WMD = -29.42 mg/dl, 95% CI:
-36.81 to -22.03, P<0.001), and TG (WMD = -15.19 mg/dl, 95% CI = -26.41 to -3.97,
P<0.001), and increased levels of HDL-C (WMD = 1.55 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.20, to 2.90,
P=0.02) in patients with different CVDs.

Conclusion:
Statin therapy was found effective in lowering levels of total cholesterol,
LDL-C, and TG, and increasing levels of HDL-C in patients with different CVDs.
Quercetin Protected from Aluminum Phosphide-induced Acute and Subacute
Cardio- and Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Malekinejad Hassan , Jafari-Garageshlaghi Fatemeh , Hashtarkhani Fatemeh , Soraya Hamid 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Aluminum phosphide (ALP) intoxication either accidentally or intentionally, is one of the major health concerns in developing countries. Its poisoning causes severe damage to organs including the heart and liver.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the hepato- and cardioprotective effects of quercetin (QCN) on the acute/subacute toxicity of ALP in rodent models.

Methods:
Acute (single dose, 12.5 mg/kg, orally) and subacute (2 mg/kg, orally and 7 days) intoxication of ALP were induced in rats and the protective effects of QCN on altered hepatic/cardiac functional enzyme concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological changes were studied at three doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW. To record any heart abnormality, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded 3 h after the last treatment.

Results:
Quercetin reduced the ALP-increased hepatic and cardiac functional enzyme concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, QCN improved remarkably the ALP-induced ECG abnormalities (T inversion, bigeminy in R waves) and arrhythmias. QCN attenuated significantly (p<0.05) the ALP-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and histopathological injuries in the liver and heart.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that QCN is able to protect the ALP-induced cardiac and hepatic injuries in both acute and subacute models and its effects attribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Insight into the Various Approaches for the Enhancement of Bioavailability
and Pharmacological Potency of Terpenoids: A Review
Authors: Majee Chandana , Atriya Anmol , Mazumder Rupa , Choudhary Alka N. , Salahuddin  , Mazumder Avijit , Dahiya Aman , Priya Neha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Terpenoids are naturally occurring secondary metabolites that consist of isoprene units
(i.e., 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). Terpenoids became recognized because of their diverse pharmacological
benefits, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal,
hepatoprotective, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities. But most of these compounds have limited
lipophilicity, dissolution rate, aqueous solubility, and drug permeability, so they are not used effectively.
The low bioavailability significantly interferes with the performance of terpenoids to cure
diseases, and the absorption process of terpenoids also becomes disrupted; therefore, their bioavailability
in the blood becomes insufficient to achieve optimal treatment activity. Thus, to overcome
this limitation, some strategies are used, such as nanotechnology (nanoparticles, carrier complexation),
cocrystal, and glycosylation. Thus, this review summarizes the chemistry of terpenoids, factors
that limit the bioavailability of terpenoids, and strategies employed to date with their design
principles and outcomes possibly increasing their bioactivity.
Interruption of the Use of Contraceptive Methods During the Quarantine
By COVID-19 in Peruvian Women
Authors: Valverde-Espinoza Natalia , Santos-Rosales Yuly , Barja-Ore John , Leon-Pastuso Pamela 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The covid-19 pandemic affected family planning management and the sexual
and reproductive rights of couples.

Objective:
To determine the factors associated with the interruption of the use of contraceptive methods
during the quarantine by COVID-19 in Peruvian women.

Methods:
Analytical and cross-sectional study, which included 342 women who used a contraceptive
method before the COVID-19 quarantine, to whom a virtual questionnaire disseminated on social
networks was applied. Pearson's chi-square evaluated associations between method discontinuation
and the factors studied.

Results:
Of the total number of women, 45% discontinued the use of contraceptive methods during the
COVID-19 quarantine. The predominant age range was from 18 to 34 years (93.9%). The factors
associated with this interruption were age (p = 0.044), marital status (p < 0.001), parity (p < 0.001),
sexual relations (p < 0.001), and searching for information by digital means (p = 0.044). The main
reason for stopping use was fear of contagion by COVID-19 (42.8%).

Conclusion:
About half of contraceptive method users interrupted their use during the COVID-19
quarantine, and the factors associated with said interruption were personal, reproductive, and informational.
Therefore, health personnel must provide comprehensive care for women, especially in health
emergencies.