bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation preclinical models of lung development, physiology and disease
Authors: Asadi Jozani Kimia , Kouthouridis Sonya , Hirota Jeremy Alexander , Zhang Boyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe incidence of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary cancer is growing significantly around the world, making pulmonary disease one of the leading causes of mortality. However, the development of effective therapeutics for pulmonary diseases has been hindered by the lack of human‐mimetic physiological models that reliably emulate patient responses. Recent advances in technology and cell culture have led to the development of organoids and organ‐on‐a‐chip models that allow us to recapitulate the structure, cellular organization, and organ‐level responses of the target tissue in vitro. Here, we review the advances and milestones of lung organoid and lung‐on‐a‐chip models in the past decade and highlight their applications in mimicking pulmonary system development, physiology, disease, and regeneration. In addition, we discuss the ongoing challenges and the future prospects of integrating lung organoids and lung‐on‐a‐chip models to overcome current limitations and to enhance their physiological relevance. These human‐centric models are likely to provide important insights into pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology for drug discovery that complement and potentially replace traditional animal models.
Porphyrin‐Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Phototherapy Platform
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Li Hui , Tian Zejie , Liu Xin , Guo Yu , He Jun , Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Tao , Liu Yunmei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhototherapy, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, is an emerging form of non‐invasive treatment. The combination of imaging technology and phototherapy is becoming an attractive development in the treatment of cancer, as it allows for highly effective therapeutic results through image‐guided phototherapy. Porphyrins have attracted significant interest in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer due to their excellent phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. However, porphyrins suffer from poor water solubility, low near‐infrared absorption and insufficient tumor accumulation. The development of nanotechnology provides an effective way to improve the bioavailability, phototherapeutic effect and imaging capability of porphyrins. This review highlights the research results of porphyrin‐based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy and image‐guided phototherapy in the last decade and discusses the challenges and directions for the development of porphyrin‐based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy.
The relationship between cholesterol metabolism and mitochondrial function in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Li Liyang , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the development of lipidomics, the significance of lipid metabolism in various lung diseases has been noticed recently. Among them, cholesterol metabolism plays a crucial role in the pathological process of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Cholesterol accumulation could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as impaired respiration, imbalanced dynamics and decreased adenosine triphosphate production, while mitochondrial dysfunction, especially altered mitochondrial dynamics, could also disrupt lipid homeostasis in cells. This review focuses on cholesterol metabolism and mitochondrial function in COPD and discusses the potential mechanisms of the steroidogenic acute regulatory‐related lipid transfer domain family (STARD), especially STARD3. The review provides new insights for understanding the pathological process between STARD and mitochondria and new therapeutic targets in COPD.
Activity of AC electrokinetically immobilized horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Prüfer Mareike , Wenger Christian , Bier Frank F. , Laux Eva‐Maria , Hölzel Ralph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) is an AC electrokinetic effect mainly used to manipulate cells. Smaller particles, like virions, antibodies, enzymes, and even dye molecules can be immobilized by DEP as well. In principle, it was shown that enzymes are active after immobilization by DEP, but no quantification of the retained activity was reported so far. In this study, the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is quantified after immobilization by DEP. For this, HRP is immobilized on regular arrays of titanium nitride ring electrodes of 500 nm diameter and 20 nm widths. The activity of HRP on the electrode chip is measured with a limit of detection of 60 fg HRP by observing the enzymatic turnover of Amplex Red and H2O2to fluorescent resorufin by fluorescence microscopy. The initial activity of the permanently immobilized HRP equals up to 45% of the activity that can be expected for an ideal monolayer of HRP molecules on all electrodes of the array. Localization of the immobilizate on the electrodes is accomplished by staining with the fluorescent product of the enzyme reaction. The high residual activity of enzymes after AC field induced immobilization shows the method's suitability for biosensing and research applications.
Impacts of phase change materials on performance of operational peak load shifting strategies in a sample building in hot‐arid climate
Authors: Mohkam Mahdi , Mohammadi S. M. Hojjat , Arababadia Reza , Jahanshahi Javaran Ebrahim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBuildings consume around 32% of the produced energy, worldwide and around 19% of the greenhouse gas emissions are related to them. It makes the buildings one of the largest energy consumers and one of the major sources of greenhouse gases emission. HVAC systems are one of the largest consumers of energy in buildings. In hot arid climates, cooling systems used in buildings impose a large pressure on the power grid, which may lead into blackouts. In order to address this problem, several approaches have been examined. Thermal energy storage, in particular, latent heat storage using phase change materials (PCM) has been notably considered in construction applications because of high energy storage densities. In this paper, the effect of using PCMs on energy consumption and peak load demand of a sample building is studied. Besides, impacts of precooling as a peak load shifting strategy is also investigated in presence of PCMs on the energy consumption of the sample building. The study was carried out for the weather condition of Kerman, Iran and the simulation is performed by TRNSYS software. Three types of phase change materials were investigated for two different scenarios. The simulation was performed at two stages and two modes for each stage which each mode had its own set point temperature. The application of PCMs was considered at the first stage and precooling added to the simulation at the second stage. The results of the first stage showed that employing PCMs in the studied building reduces the cooling load up to 13%. With precooling, the cooling load reduction was up to 16%. At all stages peak loads decreased with maximum 14% at the first stage and 42.5% at the second stage. It has been showed that the solid–liquid phase change temperature of the PCMs close to the selected room temperature, have significant impact on the performance of PCMs for reducing the energy consumption of the sample building compared to the other thermal properties. Due to the low electricity prices in Iran, despite the high amounts in load reduction achieved by each strategy, the cost savings during hot months of the year was not significant.
Adsorption of phosphates from agricultural wastewater using fish scales and Hami‐melon peels
Authors: Veeravalli Preetham , Vengala Jagadish , Dharek Manish S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues facing the world, including India. The present study mainly focuses on removal of major pollutant from agriculture wastewater that is responsible for eutrophication in water, that is, phosphates. Fish scales and Hami‐melon peels were used as adsorbents in this investigation. Numerous studies are carried out for how effective adsorbents are at removing the pollutant phosphate. Equilibrium studies, thermodynamic studies, kinetic studies, and isotherm studies are all variations of these types of investigations. According to investigations, both the adsorbents of 0.2% concentration at 165 rpm with pH 6 and a constant temperature of 30°C can successfully remove 95%–97% of phosphate. The initial concentration of the pollutant was also varied from 30 to 70 ppm and the pH is varied from 3 to 9 which showed the maximum adsorption occurred in the range of 5–7. Additionally, contact time varied at an intervals of 10 min to determine the optimum contact time and was found to be 140 min. The uptake capacities 24.15 mg/g for fish scales as adsorbent whereas 23.94 mg/g for Hami melon peels as adsorbent. The isotherm studies showed that Langmuir isotherm fits well where second order kinetics is suited based on kinetic studies. The thermodynamic studies showed that fish scales and Hami melon peels are suitable to remove phosphates since the adsorption occurred is spontaneous and the reaction is endothermic in nature.
The influence of the water flow lens system on the operating characteristics of monocrystalline and amorphous Si‐solar cells for outdoor and indoor use: The photovoltaic improvement
Authors: Validžić Ivana , Lojpur Vesna , Mitrić Miodrag 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe operating characteristics of a commercial monocrystalline and amorphous Si‐solar cell for outdoor and indoor applications with and without the use of the water flow lens (WFL) system are explored and reported. The cells are tested in indoor conditions with halogen and tungsten lamps, and additionally, in outdoor sun radiation. Changes in the spectra, investigation of the influence of higher and lower lighting, and indirect cooling of the solar cell are possibilities in the application of the used WFL system. After achieving the highest level of development and improvement for the Si‐solar cell, as well as approaching theoretical maximum efficiency, it is obvious that efficiency gains can be made by better understanding additional light effects. Measurements made on monocrystalline Si‐solar cells revealed that in the “focal point position” where intensity increases (above standard testing conditions [STC]), independently of indoor or outdoor lighting, huge improvements in ISC and VOC were observed. It was found that the ratios of the short‐circuit current (ISC) and the input light energy (Pinput) are 5.2 and 24.8 for artificial light and 4.9 and 17.6 for outdoor light, without and with the use of the WFL system, respectively. The same trend after applying the WFL system was observed for the amorphous Si cell, except those oscillations were more pronounced at lower light intensities (far lower than STC), as expected. The ratios of ISC and Pinput are in the range of 5.1–5.3 and 10.5–26.5 without and with the use of the WFL system.
Case volume regionalization and volume‐based outcome differences in cutaneous head and neck melanoma
Authors: Roman Kelsey M. , Torabi Sina J. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Kuan Edward C. , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospital volume has emerged as a prognostic factor in oncology but is not currently known whether volume is associated with improved outcomes for cutaneous head and neck (HN) melanoma.MethodsA total of 556 079 cutaneous melanoma cases reported by the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database were separated into two cohorts (HN and non‐HN) and facilities within each cohort were classified by case volume. Analysis employed chi‐square, analysis of variance, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOnly 41 facilities (3.1% of 1326) treating HN melanoma and 50 facilities (3.7% of 1344) treating non‐HN melanoma were classified as high‐volume facilities (HVFs). The estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 62.7% (standard error [SE]: 0.4%) for patients with HN at low‐volume facilities (LVFs), 69.3% (SE: 0.4%) at IVFs, and 71.8% (SE 0.4%) at HVFs (p < 0.001). Differences in OS remained significant between HVFs versus LVFs after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionVolume is independently associated with OS and improved surgical outcomes for HN melanoma.
Untargeted plasma metabolomics for risk prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study in two Chinese cohorts
Authors: Hang Dong , Yang Xiaolin , Lu JiaYi , Shen Chong , Dai Juncheng , Lu Xiangfeng , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Gu Dongfeng , Ma Hongxia , Shen Hongbing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCharacterization of metabolic perturbation prior to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may deepen the understanding of causal pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early prevention. We conducted two 1:1 matched nested case‐control studies (108 and 55 pairs) to examine the association of plasma metabolome (profiled using LC‐MS) with the risk of HCC based on two prospective cohorts in China. Differential metabolites were identified by pairedttests and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to classify metabolites into modules for identifying biological pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We assessed the risk predictivity of metabolites using multivariable logistic regression models. Among 612 named metabolites, 44 differential metabolites were identified between cases and controls, including 12 androgenic/progestin steroid hormones, 8 bile acids, 10 amino acids, 6 phospholipids, and 8 others. These metabolites were associated with HCC in the multivariable logistic regression analyses, with odds ratios ranging from 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11‐0.35) to 5.09 (95% CI: 2.73‐9.50). WGCNA including 612 metabolites showed 8 significant modules related to HCC risk, including those representing metabolic pathways of androgen and progestin, primary and secondary bile acids, and amino acids. A combination of 18 metabolites of independent effects showed the potential to predict HCC risk, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.92) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80‐0.93) in the training and validation sets, respectively. In conclusion, we identified a panel of plasma metabolites that could be implicated in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and have the potential to predict HCC risk.
Impact of BRCA1/2 cascade testing on anxiety, depression, and cancer worry levels among unaffected relatives in a multiethnic Asian cohort
Authors: Padmanabhan Heamanthaa , Mariapun Shivaani , Lee Sheau‐Yee , Hassan Nur Tiara , Lee Daphne Shin‐Chi , Meiser Bettina , Wong Siu‐Wan , Lee Yong‐Quan , Yip Cheng‐Har , Teo Soo‐Hwang , Thong Meow‐Keong , Taib Nur Aishah Mohd , Yoon Sook‐Yee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCascade testing for families with BRCA pathogenic variants is important to identify relatives who are carriers. These relatives can benefit from appropriate risk management and preventative strategies arising from an inherited increased risk of breast, ovarian, prostate, melanoma, and pancreatic cancers. Cascade testing has the potential to enable cost‐effective cancer control even in low‐ and middle‐income settings, but few studies have hitherto evaluated the psychosocial impact of cascade testing in an Asian population, where the cultural and religious beliefs around inheritance and destiny have previously been shown to influence perception and attitudes toward screening. In this study, we evaluated the short‐ and long‐term psychosocial impact of genetic testing among unaffected relatives of probands identified through the Malaysian Breast Cancer Genetics Study and the Malaysian Ovarian Cancer Study, using validated questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Cancer Worry Scale) administered at baseline, and 1‐month and 2‐year post‐disclosure of results. Of the 305 unaffected relatives from 98 independent families who were offered cascade testing, 256 (84%) completed predictive testing and family history of cancers was the only factor significantly associated with uptake of predictive testing. We found that the levels of anxiety, depression, and cancer worry among unaffected relatives decreased significantly after result disclosure and remained low 2‐year post‐result disclosure. Younger relatives and relatives of Malay descent had higher cancer worry at both baseline and after result disclosure compared to those of Chinese and Indian descent, whereas relatives of Indian descent and those with family history of cancers had higher anxiety and depression levels post‐result disclosure. Taken together, the results from this Asian cohort highlight the differences in psychosocial needs in different communities and inform the development of culture‐specific genetic counseling strategies.
Soft tissue augmentation with a volume‐stable collagen matrix or an autogenous connective tissue graft at implant sites: Five‐year results of a randomized controlled trial post implant loading
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Gasser Thomas J. W. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Strauss Franz J. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterventions to augment the mucosal thickness around dental implants are indicated to optimize esthetics and maintain peri‐implant health. However, there is a lack of clinical data on the long‐term performance of soft tissue substitutes, such as volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX), compared to autogenous grafts, such as subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs). This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess 5‐year data on clinical and radiographic outcomes at implant sites previously augmented with VCMX or SCTG.MethodsTwenty patients were randomly assigned for soft tissue augmentation with VCMX or SCTG at single implant sites. Following abutment connection, final restorations were inserted (baseline; BL) and patients were reexamined up to 5 years (FU‐5). Measurements included clinical data, marginal bone levels, mucosal thickness, and ridge contour changes. Nonparametric tests and estimates were applied for the statistical analysis.ResultsThe median buccal mucosal thickness increased by 0.3 mm (Q1: –0.8; Q3: 1.0) in the VCMX group (P = 0.656) and 0.3 mm (Q1: 0.0; Q3: 1.0) in the SCTG group (P = 0.188) between BL and FU‐5 (intergroup P = 0.752), while the ridge contour decreased by a median of –0.3 mm (–0.9; –0.1) (P = 0.078) for VCMX and –0.3 mm (–0.4; –0.2) (P = 0.039) for SCTG (intergroup P = 0.817). Peri‐implant health was maintained in both groups with stable clinical and radiographic outcomes and without significant differences between the treatments.ConclusionDespite the limited power and considerable dropout rate in the present study, soft tissue augmentation at implant sites with either VCMX or SCTG resulted in similar stable peri‐implant tissues, favorable esthetics, and clinically negligible contour changes at 5 years post loading.
Role of surface‐active materials (amphiphiles and surfactants) in the formation of nanocolloidal dispersions, and their applications
Authors: Moulik Satya Priya , Chakraborty Indranil , Rakshit Animesh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmphiphiles and surfactants are surface‐active molecules with special properties at interfaces, and they can undergo different modes of self‐association forming colloidal entities in solution. They can also stabilize other colloidal dispersions including nanoparticles, and help the formation and protection of nanodispersions resulting from chemical reactions. In this study, we have discussed the formation, properties, and applications of such nanocolloid‐like species formed in solution by different methods with special stress on various types of surfactants. Nanoparticles show the difference in melting point, electrochemical properties, conductance, etc., from their corresponding bulk material. Classical thermodynamics is used to explain this property. The basics of such processes, their types, morphology, stability, and usefulness have been presented and discussed. The types of assemblies that arise from the self‐associations of the amphiphiles, and surfactants under different conditions (i.e., micelles, reverse micelles, vesicles, liposomes, niosomes, etc.) have been also presented. Examples of their types, morphologies, transformations, and applications in relation to the stability, and functions of nanodispersions or nanocolloids are exemplified with multiple illustrations from earlier as well as recent research. The use of biosurfactants and block copolymers is also discussed. The stabilization of nanoparticles by “capping” has been discussed in some detail. A short account of the hydrothermal and solvothermal processes of synthesis of nanomaterials using amphiphiles as templates has been also presented. The multiple applications of amphiphile‐mediated nanoscience have been briefly presented and discussed.
Tropical surface gold mining: A review of ecological impacts and restoration strategies
Authors: Timsina Shrabya , Hardy Nora G. , Woodbury David J. , Ashton Mark S. , Cook‐Patton Susan C. , Pasternack Rachel , Martin Meredith P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurface gold mining severely degrades landscapes, causing deforestation, soil erosion and displacement, and toxic contamination. The prevalence of both large‐scale and artisanal, small‐scale surface gold mining in the tropics has risen over recent decades. Restoration strategies developed for less‐severe forms of degradation may not sufficiently address the unique ecological conditions of former gold mines. In this review, we summarize biophysical challenges to the restoration and reforestation of large‐ and small‐scale gold mines in the tropics and synthesize the findings of studies that test restoration strategies at these sites. Certain practices, such as the backfilling of mined pits, topsoil conservation, and the preservation of local seed sources, emerge from the literature as crucial for the timely and effective restoration of gold mines. However, because the severity of ecological degradation varies greatly within and between individual mines, and given the relatively small number (n = 42) of published tropical field studies found in our literature review, we highlight a clear need for continued research and development of restoration strategies specific to ecological conditions of former gold mines in the tropics.
3D Printable Dynamic Hydrogel: As Simple as it Gets!
Authors: Díaz Aitor , Herrada‐Manchón Helena , Nunes Juliana , Lopez Aitziber , Díaz Natividad , Grande Hans‐Jürgen , Loinaz Iraida , Fernández Manuel Alejandro , Dupin Damien 
Published: July 2022

Abstract3D printing technology offers a vast range of applications for tissue engineering applications. Over the past decade a vast range of new equipment has been developed; while, 3D printable biomaterials, especially hydrogels, are investigated to fit the printability requirements. The current candidates for bioprinting often require post‐printing cross‐linking to maintain their shape. On the other hand, dynamic hydrogels are considered as the most promising candidate for this application with their extrudability and self‐healing properties. However, it proves to be very difficult to match the required rheological in a simple material. Here, this study presents for the first time the simplest formulation of a dynamic hydrogel based on thiol‐functionalized hyaluronic acid formulated with gold ions that fulfill all the requirements to be printed without the use of external stimuli, as judged by the rheological studies. The printability is also demonstrated with a 3D printer allowing for the printing of the dynamic hydrogel as it is, achieving 3D construct with a relatively good precision and up to 24 layers, corresponding to 10 mm high. This material is the simplest 3D printable hydrogel and its mixture with cells and biological compounds is expected to open a new era in 3D bioprinting.