bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rooting of Leyland Cypress as Affected by Indolebutyric Acid and Boron Treatment
Authors: Dirr Michael A. , Frett John J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leyland cypress [× Cupressocyparis leylandii (A. B. Jacks.) M. L. Green] stem cuttings were collected in early March and treated with concentrated solutions of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or IBA plus boron. Nontreated cuttings rooted in low percentages producing one or 2 roots. IBA-treated cuttings rooted 90% with best rooting occurring at 0.8 and 1.6% levels. The 1.6 and 3.2% treatments resulted in foliar necrosis, and the cuttings continued to decline after transplanting. Boron had no positive effects on rooting. For best rooting a range of 0.3 to 0.8% IBA-concentrated dip is recommended.
Flowering and Fruiting of Chinese Jujubes in Florida
Authors: Lyrene P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eighteen cultivars of the Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) grown in Florida comprised 2 flowering types based on the time of day when the flowers open. Flowers on 10 cultivars open each day between 0700 and 1000 hr and on the other 8 between 1400 and 1700 hr. Despite ample opportunity for cross-pollination and intense activity by pollinating insects, some cultivars set little or no fruit. Cultivars that fruit heavily and reliably are parthenocarpic. Supplemental light in the fall prolongs flowering and fruiting and could substantially increase yields.
Increased Yield and Suppression of Shoot Growth and Mite Populations of ‘d’Anjou’ Pear Trees with Nitrogen and Paclobutrazol
Authors: Raese J. Thomas , Burts Everett C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bearing ‘d’Anjou’ pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) received 4 annual spring applications of urea or calcium nitrate at 113, 340, or 680 g actual N per tree commencing in 1979. In 1982, the high rate of N was associated with greater leaf nitrogen, shoot extension, fruit disorders, and green color of leaves, but less leaf injury from transpiration burn. High rate of urea, in combination with soil-applied paclobutrazol (PP333) at 20 g (ai) per tree in October 1980, was associated with increased fruit number, leaf nitrogen, and green color of leaves and with decreased shoot growth, fruit weight, and leaf injury from transpiration burn. Populations of eggs of two-spotted spider mites [Tetranychus urticae (Koch)] and adults of pear rust mites [Epitrimerus pyri (Nalpea)] were suppressed with PP333 at the low and high rates of urea, respectively.
An Evaluation of Harvest Indices for ‘Mcintosh’ Apples in Two Orchards
Authors: Douglas J. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Harvest indices were measured in 2 mature bearing orchards of ‘Mcintosh’ apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) in 2 seasons. Full bloom dates differed between the 2 orchards by 4 days in one season and 7 days in the other. Heat-unit accumulation during the growing season differed between the 2 orchards by 27%. The onset of the accelerated rate of ethylene production (AREP) began 133 days past full bloom in both orchards. The first significant increase in skin anthocyanin occurred before the AREP in the higher elevation orchard and after the AREP in the lower elevation orchard. Changes in flesh firmness, soluble solids, acidity, and skin chlorophyll were not significantly different before and after the AREP. The optimum harvest dates, evaluated by poststorage analysis, were on the AREP in the higher elevation orchard and after the AREP in the lower elevation orchard.
A Comparison of Fruit from Spur and Standard ‘McIntosh’ at Harvest and after Controlled-atmosphere Storage
Authors: Meheriuk M. , Lane W. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Skin color, size, and controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage behavior of spur ‘McIntosh’ (Malus domestica cvs. Dewar, Macspur, Morspur, and Starkspur) and standard ‘McIntosh’ were evaluated over a 4-year period. ‘Starkspur’ had a slightly higher proportion of red skin color than did the other strains. Firmness at harvest was lower in ‘Dewar’ than in most strains and all spur strains were significantly softer than standard ‘McIntosh’ after 6 to 7 months of CA storage. No differences were found in acidity, but soluble solids after storage tended to be lower in the spur strains. Coreflush was lowest in ‘Macspur’ and highest in ‘Morspur’.
Influence of N, K, and Na Concentration on Growth and Leaf Element Content of ‘Tifblue’ Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Spiers James M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a sand culture study, increasing N fertilizer levels (NH4–N) had no effect on stem number or leaf concentrations of K, Mg, or Zn in ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Leaf N concentration increased when N fertilizer was raised from 25 to 50 mg/liter N. Additional N fertilizer up to 100 mg N/liter did not raise percent N in leaves, but increased P and decreased Ca. Increased K levels raised leaf concentration of K but not those of other elements. High levels of Na resulted in increased N in leaves and reduced plant growth. Significant interactions indicate synergistic and/or antagonistic influences of fertilizer treatments on elemental leaf concentrations of N, P, and B.
Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide in Ripening Fruit of Averrhoa carambola
Authors: Oslund Clayton R. , Davenport Thomas L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L. cv. Golden Star) was harvested in progressively advanced stages of ripeness. Ethylene and CO2 production were lower in ripening fruits than in green ones. In fully ripe fruit, higher levels of CO2 and ethylene were attributed to microbial activity or to tissue senescence. Dissolved solids steadily increased with ripening. The ethylene, CO2, and ripening patterns were typical of those for nonclimacteric fruit.
Albedo Characteristics of a Strawberry Planting
Authors: Proctor J. T. A. , Blackburn W. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Albedo of plantings of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) and bare soil is a major factor determining the amount of radiation absorbed and used by the crop in various energy exchanges. It varied diurnally and had a mean daily value of about 22% for 7 days in a one-month period during the major plant-growth and fruit-bearing periods. Exposing moist soil, or soil wetting, reduced albedo by about 20%; this reduction was greatest in the 700 to 1350 nm region. Spectral distribution of reflected radiation from strawberry leaves had broad peaks in the 700 to 1300 nm range and was greater than that from soil in the same range.
Sprout Control in Muscadine Grapes
Authors: Takeda F. , Drane V. , Saunders M. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in a concentration of 1.0% in 10% white latex paint applied to the trunk and crown of muscadine grapevines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) at budbreak in the spring effectively inhibited sprout development and did not affect fruit development.
Inducing Macadamia Nut Drop with Ethephon
Authors: Kadman A. , Ben-Tal Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), applied at the beginning of the harvest season (usually January), resulted in more than 90% nut drop of ‘Beaumont’ macadamia nuts, without causing damage to foliage or next year’s crop.
Stock-scion Interaction and Tuber Dry Matter in Potato
Authors: Pisarczyk James M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In reciprocal grafts of ‘Denali’ and ‘Norchip’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tuber percentage of dry matter was significantly higher at harvest when ‘Denali’ was the stock. In field plantings of ‘Norchip’ and ‘Denali’, tubers from ‘Denali’ had higher percentage of dry matter than those from ‘Norchip’ at tuber initiation and remained higher until harvest.
A Plot Scale Extractor for Cucumber Seeds
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Tolla Greg E. , Humphries Ervin G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Details are provided for construction of an extractor to be used in recovering seed from cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.). The extractor is best-suited for handling seed lots from areas of less than one hectare, but having more than 25 to 50 fruit. The machine handles about 100 fruit per minute and recovers 98% of the seed that would be extracted by hand.
‘Brightwell’ Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Austin M. E. , Draper A. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Brightwell’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) is a new cultivar originating from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is productive, early ripening, and has medium-size fruit with excellent color, stem scar, firmness, and pleasant flavor. ‘Brightwell’ is intended for those areas of the southern United States where rabbiteye blueberries are successfully grown. This cultivar is named in honor of W.T. Brightwell who bred rabbiteye blueberries for over 30 years at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. He is known for the many excellent cultivars that he and his cooperators originated.
Collecting Lettuce Germplasm in Turkey and Greece
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W. , Provvidenti R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Production of commercial lettuce Lactuca sativa L. is plagued by a wide range of diseases and insects not yet controlled or only imperfectly controlled. These include the viral, virus-like, and mycoplasma diseases such as lettuce mosaic, cucumber mosaic, broad bean wilt, western yellows, big vein, and aster yellows; the fungal diseases—downy mildew and sclerotinia drop; and such insect pests as cabbage looper, beet army worm, white flies, and several species of aphids.
Human, Political, and Institutional Considerations in International Agricultural Development
Authors: Brady Nyle C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The theme chosen for this Symposium was “Technical and Nontechnical Components of Agricultural Development.” “You can’t have one without the other,” as the old song puts it. Oddly enough, though, when analysts discuss “the resource base for agricultural production,” all too often they limit their entries to land, water, and energy and forget to include human resources. They neglect, with equal frequency, the political and institutional factors which condition the effectiveness of all these resources. Resource productivity is decisively affected in reality, of course, by the extent to which human minds, human organizational capabilities, and human determination can be mobilized for common ends.
Increased Embryo Viability of Early Ripening Peaches in Response to Daminozide, Maleic Hydrazide, and Thiourea
Authors: El-Agamy S. Z. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trees and fruit of 6 early ripening cultivars of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were sprayed about 4 weeks prior to commercial harvest with either butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), maleic hydrazide, or thiourea. The date of 50% drop of overripe fruit was retarded one to 4 days. Chemical treatments increased germination of in vitro embryo culture of ‘Fla. 3-1’ and ‘Flor-daking’ up to 27-32%. Seed germination from cracked pits of ‘Fla. 7-3N’, ‘Fla. 7-4N’, ‘Earligrande’, and ‘Fla. M6-6N’ generally increased up to 50%. The delayed fruit drop did not appear to account for all of the increase in germination. The results support an enhancement of embryo development in addition to that attributed to delayed fruit maturity.
Quality of Strawberries Packed in Different Consumer Units and Stored Under Simulated Air-Freight Shipping Conditions
Authors: Miller W. R. , Davis P. L. , Dow A. , Bongers A. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Strawberries, Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne cv. Tufts, were packaged in 3 different consumer units and evaluated following storage at simulated air-freight time/temperature conditions during shipment to Western Europe. Berries in a rigid plastic basket with solid plastic cover lost significantly less weight than those stored in mesh plastic baskets with and without covers. There were no significant differences in pulp firmness among the packaging treatments. For all treatments, there was less berry deterioration after storage for 48 hours than for 72 hours at both 1.1° and 4.4°C, but in all units a high percentage of berries developed serious expressions of bruising during storage.
Growth Inhibition from Guava Root Exudates
Authors: Brown R. L. , Tang C. S. , Nishimoto R. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Root exudates of guava (Psidium Guajava L. cv. Beaumont) grown in sand culture were collected on columns of XAD-4 resin attached to the nutrient solution circulation system of sand-cultured plants. The compounds were eluted from the resin columns with methanol and the eluates were concentrated. The root exudates were inhibitory to the radicle growth of both lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Anuenue) and bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata L. Beauvois) and lettuce seed germination was inhibited. Fractionating the root exudates resulted in the neutral and acidic fractions being inhibitory, the basic fraction having no effect. Methanolic extracts of oven-dried guava roots were also inhibitory.
Relationships of Ethanol Production by Seeds of Different Types of Japanese Persimmons and Their Tannin Content
Authors: Sugiura Akira , Tomana Takashi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ethanol production in the seeds and its accumulation in the flesh were compared among 47 Japanese persimmon cultivars (Diospyros kaki L.) in relation to their degree of astringency. Those which produce relatively high amounts of ethanol and accumulate it in the flesh, i.e. pollination-variant/nonastringent (PVNA) cultivars, lose astringency on the tree, while those producing less ethanol, i.e. pollination-variant/astringent (PVA) ones, remain astringent. Pollination-constant/nonastringent (PCNA) and pollination-constant/astringent (PCA) cultivars generally produced little ethanol in the seeds and accumulated small amounts or none in the flesh. Thus, 2 different mechanisms exist that are involved in the loss of astringency. One is associated with PVNA, PVA, and PCA types and is dependent upon the production and accumulation of ethanol and presumably acetaldehyde. The second is associated with PCNA types which apparently do not produce these volatile substances.
Factors Affecting Survival of “In Field”, Rooted Hardwood Peach Cuttings
Authors: Sen Seyit Mehmet , Couvillon G. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Unrooted hardwood cuttings of ‘Harvester’, ‘Redhaven’, and ‘Bicentennial’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were planted directly in the field. Survival decreased with planting dates from November to January. Basal wounding increased survival of all cultivars. Survival of cultivars varied significantly.
Root and Shoot Growth of Field- and Container-grown Pecan Nursery Trees Five Years After Transplanting
Authors: Laiche A. J. , Kilby W. W. , Overcash J. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Field- and container-grown trees of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] were evaluated 5 years after transplanting to the field. Tree survival was 100% with 2-year field-grown and 2-year and 1-year container-grown trees. Trunk height, caliper, and the number of roots were not significantly different for nursery-grown vs. container-grown trees, but roots of field-grown trees grew to a greater soil depth. Container-grown plants had circular and kinked roots, but growth of trees 5 years after transplanting were not affected adversely. Root pruning at transplanting did not influence trunk height and weight, root depth, number of roots, and root weight.
Effect of Growing Medium and Cultivar on the Container Culture of Pecan Seedling Rootstocks
Authors: Acock Mary C. , Overcash J. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Container-grown rootstocks of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] partitioned more dry matter into the roots when grown in a 4 pinebark : 1 sand (v/v) medium than when grown in a 1 pinebark : 1 sand (v/v) mixture. Water retention, nutrient retention, and aeration porosity differences between the media did not explain the partitioning difference observed. Greater depth of taproot penetration was observed in the lighter (4 : 1) mixture. ‘Farley’ and ‘Yawn School’ seedlings were lower in total dry weights when grown in a 4 : 1 mixture compared with a 1 : 1 mixture. Leaf analyses showed no nutritional disorder. No method could be offered other than an empirical one for testing compatibility between growing medium and cultivar.
Cotyledon Detachment and Growth of Pecan Seedlings
Authors: Wetzstein Hazel Y. , Sparks Darrell , Lang Gregory A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The cotyledons of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] seed remain fleshy and turgid throughout an attachment period of several weeks after germination. The growth (dry weight) of the developing seedling was dependent on the cotyledons for the first 3 weeks of the 6–10 week attachment period.
Effect of Compensated-rate Seeding and Seed Protectants on Yield and Quality of a Shrunken-2 Sweet Corn Hybrid
Authors: Guzman V. L. , Wolf E. A. , Martin F. G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of ‘Florida-Sweet’, a high-quality, fresh market, sh2 sweet corn (Zea mays L.), tend to have low germination and the seedlings are also more susceptible to root rot than standard sweet corn (su). Difolatan plus benomyl as seed protectants controlled the soil fungus complex and significantly improved yields without reducing ear quality. Compensated-rate seeding, or seeding adjusted according to germination percentage to give 54,000 plants/ha with seeds of 70% to 100% germination, produced no yield or quality reduction in most cases. However, regression analysis showed in 1 out of 3 tests a significant linear decrease between seed germination percentages and yields of U.S. Fancy ears.
Chlorflurenol Interrupts Ovule Development of Muskmelon
Authors: Snyder John C. , Carter Catherine , Knavel Dean E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Application of 50 or 75 mg/liter chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxy-fluorine) to muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) 10 to 12 days prior to anthesis eliminated ovule development during later bud growth. The interruption of ovule development increased when chlorflurenol was applied 6-14 days prior to anthesis. Chlorflurenol did not interfere with pollination, pollen germination, or pollen tube growth.
Silver Nitrate Induction of Staminate Flowering in Hermaphroditic Pickling Cucumbers
Authors: Hunsperger M. H. , Helsel D. B. , Baker L. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Optimum conversion to staminate flowering in hermaphroditic lines of pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was obtained with 3 to 4 applications of 200-400 mg/liter of silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 4-day intervals, with initial treatment at the first true leaf stage.
Effects of Phenolic Compounds and Indoleacetic Acid on Adventitious Root Initiation in Cuttings of Phaseolus aureus, Acer saccharinum, and Acer griseum
Authors: Kling G. J. , Meyer M. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty-one phenolic compounds in combination with indoleacetic acid (IAA) were applied to mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) cuttings. Catechol, pyrogallol, salicylic acid, and tannic acid stimulated adventitious root initiation in mung bean and were further tested on Acer saccharinum L. Catechol stimulated root initiation in softwood cuttings of Acer saccharinum. Softwood cuttings of Acer griseum Pax. rooted 100% when treated with a combination of catechol (4.5 × 10-3 M) and IAA (1.1 × 10-3 M) for 24 hours and several combinations of catechol and IAA also stimulated the number of roots per cutting of this species.
Ion Absorption by a Woody Plant with Episodic Growth
Authors: Hershey David R. , Paul J. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings of Euonymus japonica Thunb. were grown in solution culture for 3 months and rates of NO3-, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ absorption were measured by their disappearance from solution. During shoot elongation, absorption rates for these ions declined and the pH of the nutrient solution decreased to about 4. As a flush of shoot elongation ended, the absorption rates for the ions rose to much higher levels and the pH of the nutrient solution increased to 6 or above. The changes in the nutrient solution pH appear to be caused by changes in the relative cation-anion absorption.
Effect of Fungicides Applied to Polyurethane Propagation Blocks on Rooting of Poinsettia Cuttings
Authors: Lee Leland W. , Sanderson Kenneth C. , Williams John G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
All fungicides applied as dips to polyurethane propagation cubes prior to propagation of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cuttings inhibited rooting at the concentrations employed. Least inhibition of rooting resulted from dips containing (per liter) either 37 mg metalaxyl [N-(2,6 dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester] 25 WP plus 300 mg ferbam (ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate) 76 WP, 500 mg ferbam 76WP, or 599 mg benomyl [methyl l-(butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate] 50 WP. Treatments containing fenaminosulf (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulphonate) 35 WP inhibited rooting most. The PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) 75 WP treatment also caused low root counts.
‘Idlewild’ Peach
Authors: Boudreaux J. E. , Johnson C. E. , Hawthorne P. L. , Young W. A. , Cunningham R. L. , Raiford T. J. , Peterson F. J. , Horn N. L. , Wilson P. W. , Newsom D. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Idlewild’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station to provide a 500- to 600-hr chilling-requirement cultivar which produces a good quality fruit. ‘Idlewild’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large semi-freestone fruit that ripen 36 days before ‘Elberta’ or about June 9 in southeastern Louisiana. ‘Idlewild’ has exhibited good resistance to bacterial leaf spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith 1903) Dye 1978] when grown under southeastern Louisiana conditions.
Influence of Mechanical Harvesting on Quality of Nonfruit Vegetables
Authors: Kasmire Robert F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quality in this discussion is interpreted as the market quality, and not nutritional quality, of products. Market quality is comprised of the inherent quality and maturity of a product at harvest, and the condition of the product after the harvesting operation. Mechanical harvesting (MH) includes handling steps from removing plants or plant parts from the field (soil or plant) to delivering them onto a field packing facility or field vehicles for subsequent transporting to packing houses or processing plants.
A Four-channel Counting System for Seed Vigor Analysis and Other Counting Applications
Authors: Buckley D. J. , Amour G. St. , Nicholls C. F. , DiMenna N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 4-channel, microcomputer-based counting system for one method of seed vigor analysis is described. The system consists of a display/interface module and a hand-held probe/switch assembly. The instrument contains 4 count displays and has 2 serial output interfaces to allow recording of the count data. The operator manipulates seeds with the hand-held probe and enters the visually selected seed vigor rating by pressing the appropriate switch on the probe handle. Audible feedback of different pitch for each channel is provided to confirm that the correct switch was depressed. The instrument greatly reduces the amount of labor required to obtain and analyze these data as compared to completely manual methods. Although designed for seed vigor analysis, the instrument could also be used in other applications where counting of items in a mixed sample is necessary.