bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum antioxidant vitamins and respiratory morbidity and mortality: a pooled analysis
Authors: Salo Paivi M. , Mendy Angelico , Wilkerson Jesse , Molsberry Samantha A. , Feinstein Lydia , London Stephanie J. , Fessler Michael B. , Thorne Peter S. , Zeldin Darryl C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases; however, studies on antioxidant vitamins and respiratory outcomes have been conflicting. We evaluated whether lower serum levels of vitamins A, C, D, and E are associated with respiratory morbidity and mortality in the U.S. adult population.MethodsWe conducted a pooled analysis of data from the 1988–1994 and 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (participants aged ≥ 20 years). We estimated covariate-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) per interquartile decrease in each serum vitamin level to quantify associations with respiratory morbidity, and covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) to quantify associations with respiratory mortality assessed prospectively through 2015. Vitamin supplementation and smoking were evaluated as potential effect modifiers.ResultsLower serum vitamin C increased the odds of wheeze among all participants (overall aOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16). Among smokers, lower serum α-tocopherol vitamin E increased the odds of wheeze (aOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.19) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24). Conversely, lower serum γ-tocopherol vitamin E was associated with lower odds of wheeze and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (overall aORs: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.92 and 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76–0.95, respectively). Lower serum vitamin C was associated with increased chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) mortality in all participants (overall aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07–1.51), whereas lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) tended to increase mortality from CLRD and influenza/pneumonia among smokers (aHR range: 1.33–1.75). Mortality from influenza/ pneumonia increased with decreasing serum vitamin A levels in all participants (overall aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99–1.48). In pooled analysis, vitamin C deficiency and 25-OHD insufficiency were associated with mortality from influenza/pneumonia, increasing mortality risk up to twofold.ConclusionsOur analysis of nationally representative data on over 34,000 participants showed that lower serum levels of vitamins A, C, D, and α-tocopherol vitamin E are associated with increased respiratory morbidity and/or mortality in U.S. adults. The results underscore the importance of antioxidant vitamins in respiratory health.
Low total osteocalcin levels are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study
Authors: Shen Yun , Chen Lei , Zhou Jian , Wang Chunfang , Gao Fei , Zhu Wei , Hu Gang , Ma Xiaojing , Xia Han , Bao Yuqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between osteocalcin and mortality has been scantly studied. We aimed to investigate the association between osteocalcin along with its trajectories and mortality based on long-term longitudinal data.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 9413 type 2 diabetic patients with at least three measurements of total serum osteocalcin within 3 years since their first inpatient diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Baseline, mean values of osteocalcin levels and their trajectories were used as exposures. A multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association of osteocalcin levels and their trajectories with mortality.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 5.37 years, 1638 patients died, of whom 588 were due to cardiovascular events. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) across quintiles of baseline osteocalcin levels were 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42–3.42), 1.65 (95% CI 1.37–1.99), 1.17 (95% CI 0.96–1.42), 1.00, and 1.92 (95% CI 1.60–2.30) for all-cause mortality, and 3.52 (95% CI 2.63–4.71), 2.00 (95% CI 1.46–2.73), 1.03 (95% CI 0.72–1.47), 1.00, 1.67 (95% CI 1.21–2.31) for CVD mortality, respectively. When we used the mean values of osteocalcin as the exposure, U-shaped associations were also found. These U-shaped associations were consistent among patients of different baseline characteristics. Patients with a stable or even increasing trajectory of osteocalcin may have a lower risk of both all-cause and CVD mortality.

Conclusions
A U-shape association between baseline osteocalcin and mortality was observed among patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with lower levels of serum osteocalcin during follow-ups had higher risks for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Laparoscopic hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy for synchronous gallbladder cancer and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Yao Guo-Liang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) is one of the most complex procedures, and it is very rarely reported. Laparoscopic HPD (LHPD) is even rarer. To date, there are only 3 reports of LHPD for locally advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). This is the first report of LHPD for synchronous GBC and ECC.

Case presentation
A 75-year-old female patient complained of jaundice for 2 weeks without fever or abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with synchronous GBC and ECC. After a comprehensive preparation, she underwent a laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and resection of hepatic segments of IVb and V, and her digestive tract reconstruction followed Child’s methods. She was discharged on the 12th day postoperatively without pancreatic leakage, biliary leakage, or liver failure.

Conclusions
LHPD is safe and feasible for selected cases of GBCs or ECCs.
The impact of intraoperative radiotherapy on breast cancer: focus on the levels of angiogenic factors
Authors: Nafissi Nahid , Mohammadlou Maryam , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Mahdavi Seyed Rabie , Sheikh Maryam , Borji Mohammad , Babaee Ebrahim , Baharlou Rasoul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancers that is involved in tumor progression. Angiogenic factors induce the formation of new blood vessels and tumor extension, and finally reduce the survival of patients. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), in which radiation is delivered to the tumor bed can kill cells and change tumor microenvironment. Here, we compared the impact of IORT on the levels of angiogenic factors in the blood and surgical wound fluids (SWF) of the breast cancer patients.

Patients and methods
Three hundred sixty patients, who had undergone breast-conserving surgery between 2013 and 2018, were enrolled in IORT and non-IORT groups non-randomly. Blood and drained wound fluid (WF) samples were collected from the patients before and after surgery, followed by quantification of the amounts of TGF-β, EGF, FGF, VEGF, and DLL4 in the patients using ELISA.

Results
Our results were indicative of significant differences between the pre-surgery and post-surgery serum levels of EGF, DLL4, and VEGF. Furthermore, ROC analyses showed that TGF-β and DLL4 can differentiate of the early-stage from late-stage of the disease. Interestingly, the rate of the death and recurrence was reduced in IORT group.

Conclusions
In summary, IORT is a safe and effective treatment that can affect angiogenic factors and improve the overall- and recurrence-free survival of breast cancer patients.
Australian guideline on management of diabetes‐related foot infection: part of the 2021 Australian evidence‐based guidelines for diabetes‐related foot disease
Authors: Commons Robert J. , Charles James , Cheney Jane , Lynar Sarah A. , Malone Matthew , Raby Edward ,   Australian Diabetes‐related Foot Disease Guidelines & Pathways Project
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes‐related foot infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, both globally and in Australia. There is a need for up‐to‐date evidence‐based guidelines to ensure optimal management of patients with diabetes‐related foot infections. We aimed to identify and adapt high quality international guidelines to the Australian context to become the new Australian evidence‐based guideline for people with a diabetes‐related foot infection.MethodsFollowing Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) procedures we identified the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidelines as suitable for adaptation to the Australian context. Guidelines were screened, assessed and judged by an expert panel for the Australian context using the guideline adaptation frameworks ADAPTE and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Judgements led to recommendations being adopted, adapted or excluded, with additional consideration regarding their implementation, monitoring and future research for the Australian context. Clinical pathways were then developed to assist implementation.ResultsOf 36 original diabetes‐related foot infection IWGDF sub‐recommendations, 31 were adopted, four were adapted and one was excluded. Adaption was primarily undertaken due to differences or clarification of the sub‐recommendations' intended population. One sub‐recommendation was excluded due to substantial differences in judgements between the panel and IWGDF and unacceptable heterogeneity of the target population. Therefore, we developed 35 evidence‐based sub‐recommendations for the Australian context that should guide best practice diagnosis and management of people with diabetes‐related foot infection in Australia. Additionally, we incorporated these sub‐recommendations into two clinical pathways to assist Australian health professionals to implement these evidence‐based sub‐recommendations into clinical practice. The six guidelines and the full protocol can be found at: https://www.diabetesfeetaustralia.org/new‐guidelines/.ConclusionsA new national guideline for the diagnosis and management of people with diabetes‐related foot infections were successfully developed for the Australian context. In combination with simplified clinical pathway tools they provide an evidence‐based framework to ensure best management of individuals with diabetes‐related foot infections across Australia and highlight considerations for implementation and monitoring.
Evaluation of short-term epigenetic age fluctuation
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Ohmomo Hideki , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Sutoh Yoichi , Ono Kanako , Furukawa Ryohei , Umekage So , Otsuka-Yamasaki Yayoi , Minabe Shiori , Takashima Akira , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsiderable effort has been spent on lowering and maintaining the epigenetic age. However, the extent to which epigenetic age fluctuates under normal conditions is poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed methylation data from monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from two Japanese men. The ranges of the Pan-tissue, Skin and blood, and DNAm PhenoAge epigenetic age during 3 months were ≥ 5.62, ≥ 3.04, and ≥ 8.23 years, and the maximum daily changes were 5.21, 3.20, and 6.53 years, respectively. These fluctuations were not suppressed by correcting for cell-type composition. Although the underlying biological mechanism remains unclear, there was a nonnegligible degree of age fluctuation which should inform personalized clinical applications.
A comparison of mixed-variables Bayesian optimization approaches
Authors: Cuesta Ramirez Jhouben , Le Riche Rodolphe , Roustant Olivier , Perrin Guillaume , Durantin Cédric , Glière Alain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost real optimization problems are defined over a mixed search space where the variables are both discrete and continuous. In engineering applications, the objective function is typically calculated with a numerically costly black-box simulation. General mixed and costly optimization problems are therefore of a great practical interest, yet their resolution remains in a large part an open scientific question. In this article, costly mixed problems are approached through Gaussian processes where the discrete variables are relaxed into continuous latent variables. The continuous space is more easily harvested by classical Bayesian optimization techniques than a mixed space would. Discrete variables are recovered either subsequently to the continuous optimization, or simultaneously with an additional continuous-discrete compatibility constraint that is handled with augmented Lagrangians. Several possible implementations of such Bayesian mixed optimizers are compared. In particular, the reformulation of the problem with continuous latent variables is put in competition with searches working directly in the mixed space. Among the algorithms involving latent variables and an augmented Lagrangian, a particular attention is devoted to the Lagrange multipliers for which a local and a global estimation techniques are studied. The comparisons are based on the repeated optimization of three analytical functions and a beam design problem.
The frailty, outcomes, recovery and care steps of critically ill patients (FORECAST) study: pilot study results
Authors: Muscedere John , Bagshaw Sean M. , Boyd Gordon , Sibley Stephanie , Norman Patrick , Day Andrew , Hunt Miranda , Rolfson Darryl 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Frailty is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There remains uncertainty as to the optimal method/timing of frailty assessment and the impact of care processes and adverse events on outcomes is unknown. We conducted a pilot study to inform on the conduct, design and feasibility of a multicenter study measuring frailty longitudinally during critical illness, care processes, occurrence of adverse events, and resultant outcomes.

Methods
Single-center pilot study enrolling patients over the age of 55 admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for life-support interventions including mechanical ventilation, vasopressor therapy and/or renal replacement therapy. Frailty was measured on ICU admission and hospital discharge with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), the Frailty Index (FI) and CFS at 6-month follow-up. Frailty was defined as CFS ≥ 5 and a FI ≥ 0.20. Processes of care and adverse events were measured during their ICU and hospital stay including nutritional support, mobility, nosocomial infections and delirium. ICU, hospital and 6 months were determined.

Results
In 49 patients enrolled, the mean (SD) age was 68.7 ± 7.9 with a 6-month mortality of 29%. Enrollment was 1 patient/per week. Frailty was successfully measured at different time points during the patients stay/follow-up and varied by method/timing of assessment; by CFS and FI, respectively, in 17/49 (36%), 23/49 (47%) on admission, 22/33 (67%), 21/33 (63%) on hospital discharge and 11/30 (37%) had a CFS ≥ 5 at 6 months. Processes of care and adverse events were readily captured during the ICU and ward stay with the exception of ward nutritional data. ICU, hospital outcomes and follow-up outcomes were worse in those who were frail irrespective of ascertainment method. Pre-existing frailty remained static in survivors, but progressed in non-frail survivors.

Discussion
In this pilot study, we demonstrate that frailty measurement in critically ill patients over the course and recovery of their illness is feasible, that processes of care and adverse events are readily captured, have developed the tools and obtained data necessary for the planning and conduct of a large multicenter trial studying the interaction between frailty and critical illness.
Complement C3 deficiency alleviates alkylation-induced retinal degeneration in mice
Authors: Du Lu , Peng Guang-Hua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
It has been found that the extensive use of anticancer drugs containing DNA-alkylating agents not only target cancer cells but also cause retinal inflammation through toxic intermediates. Complement C3 (C3) is a core component of the complement activation pathway, and dysregulation of the complement pathway is involved in several retinal degenerative diseases. However, whether C3 plays a critical role in alkylation-induced retinal degeneration is unclear.

Methods
Following treatment with the alkylating agent methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), the C3 mRNA and protein level was measured, DNA damage and photoreceptor cell death were assessed in both wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J and C3 knockout (KO) mice.

Results
We determined that complement pathway is activated following MMS treatment, and C3 knockout (KO) increased the rate of photoreceptor cell survival and preserved visual function. The mRNA levels of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and related genes were higher after MMS application in C3 KO mice.

Conclusion
In summary, our study found that C3 KO promotes photoreceptor cell survival and activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the context of alkylation-induced retinal degeneration.
A theory of very short-time price change: security price drivers in times of high-frequency trading
Authors: Virgilio Gianluca P. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcademic research has identified several factors that affect price movements; however, the scenario changes abruptly in the case of very short time price changes (VSTPC). This topic is not specifically examined in the existing literature; nonetheless, the behavior of the market microstructure is quite different at the subsecond scale. Indeed, below a certain psychological time threshold, most factors typically influencing price changes cease to apply. This paper analyzes several parameters considered to affect price changes and identifies four of them as potentially influencing VSTPC. These factors are previous volatility, scarce liquidity, high quantity exchanged, and stop-loss (SL) orders (seldom mentioned in the literature). These four parameters are examined by means of a mathematical model, audit trail data analysis, Granger-causality testing, and agent-based model. The results of these four techniques converge to suggest a nonlinear combination of previous volatility, liquidity, and SL orders as the main causes of excess volatility. However, contrary to mainstream literature on trading time above a certain psychological threshold, the volumes exchanged are not integral agents for VSTPC. Currently, financial markets face many ultrafast orders, yet a coherent theory of price change at time scales incomprehensible by humans and only manageable by computers is still lacking. The theory presented in this paper attempts to fill this gap. The outcome of such a theory is important for purposes of market stability, crisis avoidance, investment planning, risk management, and high-frequency trading.
Electroencephalogram evaluation of accidental cerebral congestion during unexpected superior vena cava clamping: a case report
Authors: Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Nakamura Ryuji , Otsuki Sachiko , Noda Yuko , Saeki Noboru , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative superior vena cava (SVC) clamping causes hypotension and cerebral congestion. There is no established method for monitoring brain function during cerebral congestion. We encountered a case of cerebral congestion caused by unexpected SVC clamping.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man underwent SVC clamping during lung tumor resection. The entropy and electroencephalogram monitoring values decreased with SVC clamping and increased in response to the release of congestion by phlebotomy and SVC declamping.

Conclusions
Because entropy sharply reflects brain viability during cerebral congestion, it was considered helpful in evaluation of the monitoring of cerebral congestion.
Toward social neuropsychology of epilepsy: a meta-analysis on social cognition in epilepsy phenotypes and a critical narrative review on assessment methods
Authors: Eicher Marcel , Jokeit Hennric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this review is to (a) characterize social cognition impairments in the domains of emotion recognition (ER) and theory of mind (ToM) in patients with epilepsy and (b) to review assessment tools with a focus on their validity and usability in clinical practice.

Methods
An electronic search for clinical studies investigating social cognition in epilepsy populations vs healthy control subjects (HC) yielded 53 studies for the meta-analysis and descriptive review.

Results
Results suggest that (1) social cognition is significantly impaired in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and patients with epilepsy not originating within the temporal or frontal lobes including idiopathic generalized epilepsies (eTLE/eFLE); (2) there is no significant difference between eTLE/eFLE and TLE regarding ER, while TLE and FLE patients perform worse than those with eTLE/eFLE, without significant differences between FLE and TLE regarding ToM ability. A descriptive analysis of the most commonly used assessment tools and stimulus material in this field revealed a lack of ecological validity, usability, and economic viability for everyday clinical practice.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis shows that patients with epilepsy are at a significantly increased risk of deficits in social cognition. However, the underlying multifactorial mechanisms remain unclear. Future research should therefore specifically address the impairment of processing and methodological problems of testing.
Behaviours that challenge in adults with intellectual disability: overview of assessment and management
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Rudra Sonya 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYUp to a fifth of people with intellectual disabilities display challenging behaviour that has a significant impact on their health and quality of life. Psychotropic medication does not appear to confer any clinical benefits beyond risk reduction in acute situations. However, very few non-pharmacological treatments have clear evidence of clinical and cost-effectiveness and there is therefore often a dearth of advice as to which components or interventions would be helpful. To our knowledge no single model has been developed to provide a clear path from understanding the behaviour to the implementation of a therapeutic approach for such a complex clinical problem. In this article we describe a stepped-care model that needs to be further operationalised in the assessment and management of behaviours that challenge in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Suicide among users of mental health and addiction services in the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: observational study using national registry data
Authors: Walby Fredrik A. , Myhre Martin Ø. , Mehlum Lars 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Although many studies have reported no rise in suicides in the general population following the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known regarding mental health and substance misuse service patients, groups who have reportedly faced substantial reductions in their access to care during phases of lockdown. However, in this observational study using national registry data, during the first 10 months of the pandemic we found no evidence of an increased risk among people in recent (within 12 months) contact with secondary care. Both long-term and differential effects on subgroups remain to be studied.