bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune-Enhancing Effects of Co-treatment With Kalopanax pictus Nakai Bark and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner Leaf Extract in a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Rat Model
Authors: Park Young Mi , Lee Hak Yong , Shin Dong Yeop , Kim Dae Sung , Yoo Jin Joo , Yang Hye Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Bae Jun Sang 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveImmune system disorders can result in various pathological conditions, such as infections and cancer. Identifying therapies that enhance the immune response might be crucial for immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, we assessed the immune-enhancing effect of co-treatment with Kalopanax pictus Nakai Bark and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner leaf extract (KPNN) in a cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed rat model.Materials and MethodsFor in vitro studies, macrophages and splenocytes were treated with various KPNN doses in the presence or absence of Cy. Macrophage viability, nitric oxide production, splenocyte viability, cytokine production and natural killer (NK) cell activity were analyzed. For in vivo studies, analysis of weekly body weight, dietary intake, tissue weight, immune-related blood cell count, cytokine levels, and spleen biopsy was performed in a Cy-induced immunocompromised animal model.ResultsKPNN significantly increased phospho-NF-κB and phospho-ERK protein levels and cell viability in macrophages. KPNN significantly increased the NK cell activity in splenocytes compared to that in the control. Cy treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon-γ production. In the Cy-induced immunosuppression rat model, KPNN-treated rats had significantly higher body weights and tissue weights than the Cy-treated rats. Additionally, KPNN treatment restored the immune-related factors, such as total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and intermediate cell contents, to their normal levels in the blood. The blood cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were increased, and spleen tissue damage was significantly alleviated.ConclusionsCollectively, KPNN exerts an immune-enhancing effect suggesting their potential as an immunostimulatory agent or functional food.
Real-World Efficacy of Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hung Jo-Ni , Hsu Shih-Tien , Sun Lou , Hwang Sheau-Feng , Liu Chih-Ku , Shih Yu-Hsiang , Chen Ming-Jer , Wang Jun-Sing , Lu Chien-Hsing 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundBevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy prolonged the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in large-scale randomized controlled trials. However, real-world data for the use of bevacizumab in Asian patients with EOC is lacking. This study investigated the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy and compared it with that of chemotherapy alone in patients with recurrent EOC using real-world data from an Asian population.MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a tertiary medical center in central Taiwan. Patients who had EOC with first relapse between 2011 and 2019 were enrolled. Patients’ medical histories, medication treatment, and relevant information were collected. The outcomes were PFS and overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to generate a survival curve for OS and PFS. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine the associations of Bevacizumab treatment with OS and PFS with adjustment of relevant variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine if there was a significant variation in the aforementioned associations.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 23 months, 67% of patients in the Bevacizumab group and 81% of patients in the non-Bevacizumab group had disease progression or death. There was no significant between-group difference in OS (p = 0.475). The median duration of PFS was 18.9 and 9.6 months, respectively, favoring those who were treated with Bevacizumab. After multivariate adjustment, treatment with Bevacizumab was associated with a lower risk of disease progression (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.85, p = 0.021). The improvement in PFS was consistent in the subgroups of different histological types, different disease stages at diagnosis, different treatment-free intervals, those undergoing or not undergoing secondary cytoreductive surgery, diverse chemotherapy regimens.ConclusionOur findings provided crucial insights into the efficacy of bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent EOC in the real-world setting.
Management of Gartland Type 1 Supracondylar Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Coupal Stephanie , Lukas Kenneth , Plint Amy , Bhatt Maala , Cheung Kevin , Smit Kevin , Carsen Sasha 
Published: May 2022

PurposeGartland Type 1 supracondylar humerus fractures are stable, non-displaced injuries treated with non-operative management. This systematic review was performed to gather evidence on the optimal form of immobilization to treat these fractures.MethodsThe review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search was performed in November 2020. Articles were eligible if they included children less than 18 years old, with non-displaced supracondylar fractures, treated non-operatively. Randomized trials, quasi-experimental trials, and prospective cohort studies were included. Outcomes of interest included fracture displacement, pain control, time to return to normal activities, return of range of motion (ROM), child/parent satisfaction, adverse events, and cost. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, Rob-2, and the ROBINS tools.ResultsAfter duplicate records were removed, 525 records were evaluated with 9 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and 5 reporting clinical outcomes. The studies were heterogenous, in intervention and outcomes, and all at moderate risk of bias. Within the available evidence there were no cases of fracture displacement. Two small studies suggested that cuff and collar treatment provided inadequate pain control and delay in return to normal activities, compared to posterior splints. Two randomized control trials (RCTs) suggested that soft fiberglass casts reduced appointment time and increased parent satisfaction, compared to traditional casts. No studies directly compared posterior splints to circumferential casts.ConclusionThere is insufficient high-quality evidence to determine the optimal conservative treatment for patients with Gartland type 1 supracondylar fractures. Level of Evidence Level II systematic review of Level II studies.Systematic Review Registration[PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42020144616].
The Pyroptosis-Related Signature Predicts Diagnosis and Indicates Immune Characteristic in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Deng Zhifang , Liu Jue , He Shen , Gao Wenqi 
Published: May 2022

Pyroptosis is recently identified as an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related genes (PS genes) in major depressive disorder (MDD) remain unclear. This study developed a novel diagnostic model for MDD based on PS genes and explored the pathological mechanisms associated with pyroptosis. First, we obtained 23 PS genes that were differentially expressed between healthy controls and MDD cases from GSE98793 dataset. There were obvious variation in immune cell infiltration profiles and immune-related pathway enrichment between healthy controls and MDD cases. Then, a novel diagnostic model consisting of eight PS genes (GPER1, GZMA, HMGB1, IL1RN, NLRC4, NLRP3, UTS2, and CAPN1) for MDD was constructed by random forest (RF) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. ROC analysis revealed that our model has good diagnostic performance, AUC = 0.795 (95% CI 0.721–0.868). Subsequently, the consensus clustering method based on 23 differentially expressed PS genes was constructed to divide all MDD cases into two distinct pyroptosis subtypes (cluster A and B) with different immune and biological characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was performed to calculate the pyroptosis scores (“PS-scores”) for each sample to quantify the pyroptosis regulation subtypes. The MDD patients in cluster B had higher “PS-scores” than those in cluster A. Furthermore, we also found that MDD patients in cluster B showed lower expression levels of 11 interferon (IFN)-α isoforms. In conclusion, pyroptosis may play an important role in MDD and can provide new insights into the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of MDD.
Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Combined With Antidepressants in Patients With Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Jiabin , Feng Jie , He Jinhua , Jiang Yong , Zhang Haoyu , Chen Hanwei 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluated the efficacy and safety of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) combined with antidepressants in patients with poststroke depression (PSD).Methods: Seven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of NIBS combined with antidepressants in the treatment of PSD based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10) criteria and exclusion criteria. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to 31 October 2021. Two researchers independently screened the identified studies through the search strategy, extracted their characteristics, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to assess risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was applied for meta-analysis.Results: A total of 34 randomized controlled trials were included, involving 2,711 patients with PSD. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate was higher in the combined therapy than the antidepressant alone [odds ratio (OR): 4.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.07 to 6.11; p &lt; 0.00001]. The Hamilton depressive scale (HAMD) score was significantly lower in repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (≤10 Hz) combined with antidepressant than in antidepressant alone [standard mean difference (SMD): −1.44; 95% CI: −1.86 to −1.03; p &lt; 0.00001]. No significant difference was seen in rTMS (&gt;10 Hz) combined with antidepressant versus antidepressant alone (SMD: −4.02; 95% CI: −10.43 to 2.39; p = 0.22). In addition, combination therapy more strongly improved the modified Barthel index (MBI) scale than antidepressants [mean difference (MD): 8.29; 95% CI: 5.23–11.35; p &lt; 0.00001]. Adverse effects were not significantly different between two therapies (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.87 to 2.04; p = 0.18).Conclusion: Low-frequency rTMS (≤10 Hz) combined with antidepressants tends to be more effective than antidepressants alone in patients with PSD, and there are no significant adverse effects. In addition, combined therapy may enhance quality of life after stroke. Combination therapy with high-frequency rTMS (&gt;10 Hz) showed no advantage in treating PSD. The transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) combined with antidepressants might be more effective than antidepressants alone, which are needed to confirm by more clinical trials since the.
Formononetin Improves the Survival of Random Skin Flaps Through PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense System
Authors: Li Haoliang , Jiang Renhao , Lou Lejing , Jia Chao , Zou Linfang , Chen Mochuan 
Published: May 2022

Random-pattern skin flap is widely used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, its clinical effect is limited by ischemia necrosis occurs at the distal part of flap. Previous studies have proved that the protective effect of formononetin was associated with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory ability. However, further research is still needed on the effect of formononetin on flap viability. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of formononetin on flap survival and the underlying mechanisms. Two doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg)of formononetin were administered for seven consecutive days on flap model. Flap tissues were collected on postoperative day 7. Our results revealed that formononetin promoted skin flap viability in a dose-dependent manner. Using immunohistochemical staining and western blot, we found that formononetin significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, laser Doppler images and immunofluorescence staining showed the enhancement of angiogenesis after formononetin treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the antioxidation of formononetin was mediated by activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while down-regulating cytoplasmic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression. Co-treatment with formononetin and LY294002 (15 mg/kg), a potent Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, which aborted nuclear Nrf2 expression and phosphorylated Akt, indicating that formononetin-mediated Nrf2 activation was related to PI3K/Akt pathway. Overall, our findings revealed that formononetin increased angiogenesis, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, thus promoting flap survival. We highlighted the antioxidant effects of formononetin since the Nrf2 system was activated. Therefore, formononetin might be a promising candidate drug that can enhance survival of skin flaps.
Transcriptome Analyses of Near Isogenic Lines Reveal Putative Drought Tolerance Controlling Genes in Wheat
Authors: Nouraei Sina , Mia Md Sultan , Liu Hui , Turner Neil C. , Yan Guijun 
Published: May 2022

Graphical AbstractThe workflow of this study. (1) Near isogenic lines for qDSI.4B.1 QTL responsible for drought tolerance were grown in control and drought stress conditions, (2) grain samples were collected at 7 and 14 days after stress initiation at anthesis, (3) RNA was extracted, (4) sequenced and (5) data were analysed and organized with focus on 4BS, (6) six candidate genes were found for drought tolerance in qDSI.4B.1 interval and sequencing results were confirmed by qRT-PCR, (7) the protein products and (8) molecular function of the candidate genes were future studied.
Developing an Integrated Evaluation Model for Physician Comprehensive Workload Tethered to Outpatient Practice: An Empirical Study From China
Authors: Li Dehe , Hu Yinhuan , Liu Sha , Lu Chuntao , Zhang Yeyan , Zhou Jinghan , Li Jiayi , Zhang Zemiao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies, often simply using either objective workload or mental workload as a measure of physician workload in various healthcare settings might have failed to comprehensively reflect the real workload among physicians. Despite this, there is little research that further explores a comprehensive workload evaluation framework with the integration of objective workload and mental workload to describe their comprehensive workload.MethodsA comprehensive evaluation framework for physician workload was proposed based on the combination of objective workload and task-level mental workload also with the consideration of quality of provided medical services and served patient complexity; and accordingly, an integrated evaluation model for physician comprehensive workload (PCW) tethered to outpatient practice was developed and further applied to perform a PCW analysis using cross-sectional data on outpatient workload of 1,934 physicians mainly from 24 hospitals in 6 provinces in Eastern, Central, and Western China. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were established to identify significant factors influencing the PCW.ResultsOverall, the average score of PCW tethered to outpatient practice Chinese physicians experienced was 811.30 (SD=494.98) with concentrating on between 200 and 1,200. Physicians who were female, from Eastern or Western China, and those who worked &gt;60 h per week and longer outpatient hours per week were more likely to experience a higher PCW. 11.2% of participating physicians were identified as very high PCW physicians, compared with 11.6% as low PCW physicians, 45.5% as medium PCW physicians and 30.7% as high PCW physicians. Those who were female, older, from Western China, those who had lower educational levels, lower professional titles and longer working years in the current institution, and those who worked in tertiary A hospitals and Internal or Surgical, and worked &gt;60 h per week and longer outpatient hours per week were more likely to be very high PCW physicians.ConclusionsOur work has a potential application for comprehensively assessing physician workload tethered to outpatient practice and could provide a solid foundation for hospital managers to further accurately determine and identify physicians with high workload, who would otherwise be missed in either objective workload or mental workload.
Bone Defects in Tibia Managed by the Bifocal vs. Trifocal Bone Transport Technique: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Abulaiti Alimujiang , Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Abula Abulaiti , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Ren Peng , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and determine the differences, if any, between the trifocal bone transport (TFT) technique and the bifocal bone transport (BFT) technique in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator.MethodsA total of 53 consecutive patients with long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection and treated by monolateral rail external fixator in our department were retrospectively collected and analyzed from the period January 2013 to April 2019, including 39 males and 14 females with an average age of 38.8 ± 12.4 years (range 19–65 years). Out of these, 32 patients were treated by the BFT technique, and the remaining 21 patients were managed by the TFT technique. The demographic data, operation duration (OD), docking time (DT), external fixation time (EFT), and external fixation index (EFI) were documented and analyzed. Difficulties that occur during the treatment were classified according to Paley. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by following the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria at the last clinical visit.ResultsAll patients achieved an infection-free union finally, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic data and both ASAMI bone and functional scores (p &gt; 0.05). The mean defect size and OD in TFT (9.4 ± 1.5 cm, 161.9 ± 8.9 min) were larger than that in BFT (7.8 ± 1.8 cm, 122.5 ± 11.2 min) (p &lt; 0.05). The mean DT, EFT, and EFI in TFT (65.9 ± 10.8 days, 328.0 ± 57.2 days, 34.8 ± 2.1 days/cm) were all less than those in BFT (96.8 ± 22.6 days, 474.5 ± 103.2 days, 60.8 ± 1.9 days/cm) (p &lt; 0.05). Difficulties and complications were more prevalent in the BFT group than in the TFT group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionBoth the trifocal and BFT techniques achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator. The TFT technique can significantly decrease the DT, EFT, EFI, difficulties, and complications compared with the BFT technique.
Perceptions and Opinions Towards Data-Sharing: A Survey of Addiction Journal Editorial Board Members
Authors: Anderson J. Michael , Johnson Austin , Rauh Shelby , Johnson Bradley , Bouvette Max , Pinero Isabel , Beaman Jason , Vassar Matt 
Published: May 2022

Background We surveyed addiction journal editorial board members to better understand their opinions towards data-sharing. Methods Survey items consisted of Likert-type (e.g., one to five scale), multiple-choice, and free-response questions. Journal websites were searched for names and email addresses. Emails were distributed using SurveyMonkey. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the responses. Results We received 178 responses (of 1039; 17.1%). Of these, 174 individuals agreed to participate in our study (97.8%). Most respondents did not know whether their journal had a data-sharing policy. Board members “somewhat agree” that addiction journals should recommend but not require data-sharing for submitted manuscripts [M=4.09 (SD=0.06); 95% CI: 3.97-4.22]. Items with the highest perceived benefit ratings were “secondary data use (e.g., meta-analysis)” [M=3.44 (SD=0.06); 95% CI: 3.31-3.56] and “increased transparency” [M=3.29 (SD=0.07); 95% CI: 3.14-3.43]. Items perceived to be the greatest barrier to data-sharing included “lack of metadata standards” [M=3.21 (SD=0.08); 95% CI: 3.06-3.36], “no incentive” [M=3.43 (SD=0.07); 95% CI: 3.30-3.57], “inadequate resources” [M=3.53 (SD=0.05); 95% CI: 3.42-3.63], and “protection of privacy”[M=3.22 (SD=0.07); 95% CI: 3.07-3.36]. Conclusion Our results suggest addiction journal editorial board members believe data-sharing has a level of importance within the research community. However, most board members are unaware of their journals’ data-sharing policies, and most data-sharing should be recommended but not required. Future efforts aimed at better understanding common reservations and benefits towards data-sharing, as well as avenues to optimize data-sharing while minimizing potential risks, are warranted.
Curing shrinkage kinetics and optimization of epoxy oligomer compositions with active diluents
Authors: BRESSKAYA A. D. , TROFIMOV D. A. , SHALGUNOV S. I. , SIMONOV-EMELYANOV I. D. 
Published: May 2022

The results of a study of the kinetics and level of shrinkage during curing of systems based on the ED-20 epoxy oligomer with an amine hardener and active diluents (AD) of different nature, structure and characteristics (laproxides and laprolat) are presented.The effect of the structure, AD content and curing temperature on the kinetics and level of shrinkage, as well as the glass transition temperature of epoxy systems with AD, is shown.It was found that the most effective AD in the ED-20 + TETA system are laproxides of the E-181 and 703 brands, as well as laprolat 301 with a content of 0.15 vol.Optimal compositions of binders based on epoxy oligomers with active diluents with low shrinkage (~1.5-2 times), initial viscosity no more than ~0.2 Pa·s at a curing temperature of 60°C, which guarantees high-quality impregnation of fiber fillers and high the level of physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced plastics.
Evaluar el Cumplimiento de Objetivos del Currículo de Educación Física en la Provincia Morona Santiago
Authors: Ramones-Tapia Juan Carlos , Bayas-Machado Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo plantea evaluar los objetivos del currículo vigente de Educación Física de los subniveles educativos de preparatoria - básica elemental - básica media - bachillerato y con esto analizar la implementación de los conocimientos en las clases y la incidencia en el aprendizaje del estudiante, lo que permitió conocer la realidad en el contexto educativo. De tipo descriptiva. Los resultados reflejan, a pesar que los docentes afirman conocer los objetivos generales y por subnivel educativo y las características del currículo de Educación Física, pueden trasmitir poco esos conocimientos por la carencia de factores determinantes como la didáctica y metodología que se necesita para impartir la clase, sin embargo al responder preguntas registradas en la encuesta aplicada se denota el desconocimiento en temas básicos de currículo como son los bloques didácticos con sus destrezas.