bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis, diversity, and distribution of carbendazim hydrolases MheI and CbmA, responsible for the initial step in carbendazim degradation
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Bai Xuekun , Li Qian , Zhang Lu , Zhu Qian , Gao Siyuan , Ke Zhijian , Jiang Mingli , Hu Junqiang , Qiu Jiguo , Hong Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStrains Rhodococcus qingshengii djl‐6 and Rhodococcus jialingiae djl‐6‐2 both harbour the typical carbendazim degradation pathway with the hydrolysis of carbendazim to 2‐aminobenzimidazole (2‐AB) as the initial step. However, the enzymes involved in this process are still unknown. In this study, the previous reported carbendazim hydrolase MheI was found in strain djl‐6, but not in strain djl‐6‐2, then another carbendazim hydrolase CbmA was obtained by a four‐step purification strategy from strain djl‐6‐2. CbmA was classified as a member of the amidase signature superfamily with conserved catalytic site residues Ser157, Ser181, and Lys82, while MheI was classified as a member of the Abhydrolase superfamily with conserved catalytic site residues Ser77 and His224. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of MheI (24.0–27.9 μM−1 min−1) was 200 times more than that of CbmA (0.032–0.21 μM−1 min−1). The mheI gene (plasmid encoded) was highly conserved (>99% identity) in the strains from different bacterial genera and its plasmid encoded flanked by mobile genetic elements. The cmbA gene was highly conserved only in strains of the genus Rhodococcus and it was chromosomally encoded. Overall, the function, diversity, and distribution of carbendazim hydrolases MheI and CbmA will provide insights into the microbial degradation of carbendazim.
Simulating human gastrointestinal motility in dynamic in vitro models
Authors: Li Yiwen , Kong Fanbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe application of dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) models has grown in popularity to understand the impact of food structure and composition on human health. Given that GI motility is integral to digestion and absorption, a predictive in vitro model should faithfully replicate the motility patterns and motor functions in vivo. In this review, typical characteristics of gastric and small intestinal motility in humans as well as the biomechanical and hydrodynamic events pertinent to gut motility are summarized. The simulation of GI motility in the presently existing dynamic in vitro models is discussed from an engineering perspective and categorized into hydraulic, piston/probe‐driven, roller‐driven, pneumatic, and other systems. Each system and its representative models are evaluated in terms of their motility patterns, the key hydrodynamic characteristics concerning gut motility, their performance in simulating the key physiological events, and their ability to establish in vitro–in vivo correlations.Practical Application: The review paper provided useful information in the design of dynamic GI models and the simulation of human gastric and small intestinal motility which are important for understanding food and health.
Current approaches and challenges of sample preparation procedures for the safety assessment of paper and cardboard food contact materials: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kourkopoulos Athanasios , Sijm Dick T.H.M. , Vrolijk Misha F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 provides a harmonized legal EU framework and sets out the general principles for safety and inertness for all Food Contact Materials (FCMs) and Food Contact Articles. From a food safety point of view, however, specific EU legislation for paper and cardboard FCMs is lacking, while at Member State level, national legislation differs among countries. More than 11,000 chemicals have been identified in all types of FCMs, most of them without any information on toxicity or migration potential from FCM to food. The present review shows a wide variability of protocols, approaches, and conditions used in scientific studies, which are difficult to compare. In this regard, procedures and conditions laid down in EU legislation for plastics and European Standards (EN protocols) may serve as a good basis for the future sample preparation procedures in the framework of paper and cardboard FCMs safety assessment. Challenges on sample preparation procedures are presented involving the interlinked steps of sample preparation, conditions used and their impact in chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay testing. Currently, there is no general consensus on the criteria for structuring, evaluating, and tuning sample preparation procedures for paper and cardboard FCMs. For this purpose, a set of modified criteria and a decision tree are proposed based on the literature. Along this, mass transfer processes occurring in paper and cardboard FCMs and parameters affecting chemical migration need to be accounted for prior to reaching general consensus on criteria for sample preparation procedures.
The burning maze: The potential value of the human bony labyrinth in estimating sex of calcined remains
Authors: Boucherie Alexandra , Polet Caroline , Salesse Kevin , Lefèvre Philippe , Vercauteren Martine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstimating sex from burnt human remains is a challenging task in bioanthropology, mainly due to their high level of alteration and fragmentation. Protected within the petrous part of the temporal bone, the bony labyrinth may be particularly valuable for assessing the sex of burnt remains. This prospective study aims at testing predictive models, already found reliable on unburnt bony labyrinths, to burnt specimens. Six discriminant functions were applied on six bony labyrinths of donated adult cadavers of known sex, before and after outdoor burning experiments. Comparisons between unburnt and burnt measurements were executed using Mann–Whitney U tests while shape and size differences induced by fire exposure were examined through a geometric morphometrics (GM) analysis. Predicted sex on unburnt bony labyrinths was consistent with known sex in five cases while a systematic misclassification for males was highlighted on burnt specimens. Higher values of shrinkage were found in males for two measurements included in the equations. GM analysis revealed significant differences in centroid size among males after calcination. Visualization of mean consensus of both female and male bony labyrinths evidenced a reduction in cochlear size and variations in the width and length of semicircular canals of burnt specimens. This exploratory study seems to confirm that designing sex estimation standards specifically for burnt bony labyrinth may be advisable. Understanding how the burning process could impact its morphology is highly recommended through further experiments on larger samples and in controlled environments.
Cervical spine immobilisation is only required in drowning patients at high risk of axial loading of the spine
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Roberts Kym , Leggat Peter A , Devine Susan , Peden Amy E , Franklin Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesWave forced impacts are known to result in cervical spine injuries (CSI) and approximately 20% of drownings in Australia occur at the beach. The most common mechanism of injury in studies examining the frequency of CSI in drowning patients is shallow water diving. The aim of the present study was to determine what proportion of CSIs occurring in bodies of water experienced a concomitant drowning injury in a location where wave forced impacts are likely to be an additional risk factor.MethodsElectronic medical records at the Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service EDs, Queensland Ambulance Service case records and Surf Life Saving Queensland data between 1 January 2015 and 21 April 2021 were manually linked. Outcomes recorded included victim demographics, scene information, hospital course and patient disposition.ResultsNinety‐one of 574 (15.9%) CSIs occurred in a body of water with risk of drowning. However, only 4 (4.3%) had a simultaneous drowning injury, representing 0.8% (4/483) of drowning presentations. Ten (10.9%) patients reported loss of consciousness, including the four with drowning. The principal mechanism of CSI was a wave forced impact (71/91, 78%). Most injuries occurred at the beach (79/91, 86.8%). Delayed presentation was common (28/91, 31%). A history of axial loading was 100% sensitive when indicating imaging.ConclusionsThe combination of CSI and drowning is uncommon. Cervical spine precautions are only required in drowning patients with signs or a history, or at high risk of, axial loading of the spine. This paper supports the move away from routine cervical spine precautions even in a high‐risk population.
Rheumatoid arthritis and nutritional profile: A study in Brazilian females
Authors: Doubek João Gabriel Cavazzani , Kahlow Bárbara S. , Nisihara Renato , Skare Thelma L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have nutritional impairment. In RA, muscle loss is associated with an increase in fat tissue, and the patients may not have body mass index (BMI) alterations.AimTo study the nutritional status in a sample of patients with RA in Brazil through mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and electric bioimpedance and its relationship to BMI, functionality, disease activity, and treatment.MethodsSeventy‐one RA females were included. Chart review was used to obtain epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data. Patients answered the MNA and were submitted to electrical bioimpedance and anthropometric measurements. Disease activity was assessed through simple disease activity index (SDAI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and function, through health assessment questionnaire (HAQ).ResultsAccording to MNA, 23 (32.4%) patients were at risk for malnutrition and 1 (1.4%) was malnourished. MNA were associated with disease activity and function impairment (SDAI P = .02; CDAI P = .02, and HAQ P = .002) but not with used medications. According to BMI, 76% were overweight or obese. An increased percentage of body fat was found in 98.7% and a lower percentage of lean mass in 95.7%. Disease activity and function were not associated with the percentage of body fat of any used medications, with a lower percentage of body fat in those using abatacept (P = .01).ConclusionAlmost one‐third of patients had nutritional impairment according to MNA which was associated with disease activity and loss of function. Almost the whole sample had an increased percentage of fat mass and a diminished percentage of muscle mass that could not be linked with disease activity, function or used medications.
A Giant Silence – An atypical association of sensorineural hearing loss with Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Shi Yu Feng , Malik Sameer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic vasculitic disorder predominantly affecting medium to large sized arteries, prevalent in the 50 plus age group. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of this disease in the form of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Apart from the presence of constitutional and vertiginous symptoms, there were essentially no classical features of GCA. Differentials were broad including infection, malignancy and medication toxicity as well as brain, eye and ear syndromes such as Cogan's syndrome, all of which were eventually excluded. Her diagnosis was ultimately confirmed on positron emission tomography, which highlights the diagnostic importance of this modality. She was managed with corticosteroids then tocilizumab and is making a gradual recovery. Literature review demonstrates that SNHL is more prevalent than previously suggested in GCA, although this does not have widespread recognition. Mechanisms of SNHL in GCA include vascular occlusion, immunological mechanisms including cross reactivity with viral antigens and direct viral infection. SNHL does appear to improve with corticosteroids. This case emphasizes the importance of considering GCA as an important differential in SNHL.
Minimal trauma hip fracture hospitalisations among older Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Pit Sabrina , Knox Craig , Rolfe Margaret , Wheeler James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare minimal trauma hip fractures (MTHF) between older Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians.MethodsEpidemiological study of retrospective New South Wales hospitalisation data (2005–2016) for MTHF among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians over 40 years of age.ResultsEstimated age‐standardised rates of MTHF were lower among Indigenous Australians than non‐Indigenous Australians (142.2 vs. 161.7 per 100,000) with a direct standardised rate ratio of 0.887 (95%CI 0.78–0.99, p = 0.031). However, for both male and female Indigenous Australians, MTHF occur at a younger age than in non‐Indigenous Australians (age 40–74: 52% vs. 19%, p < 0.001). Proportions of MTHF are higher among women and were almost double among rural Indigenous Australians compared with rural non‐Indigenous Australians (59% vs. 31%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsNew South Wales Hospitalisation data showed that estimated age‐standardised rates of MTHF appear lower among Indigenous Australians than in non‐Indigenous Australians but also occur at a younger age for Indigenous people. MTHF are more common among rural Indigenous Australians and women.
Letter: a promising Helicobacter pylori regimen ‐ vonoprazan‐based therapy
Authors: Hu Yi , Lu Nong‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17070 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17133
Fatal adverse drug reactions in children: A descriptive study in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, 2010–2019
Authors: Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2022

AimsAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a significant public health burden. There are few data on fatal ADRs in children. This population is particularly at risk due to metabolic and physiological immaturity, frequent off‐label drug use and limited paediatric clinical pharmacology studies. The study investigated the main characteristics of drug‐related deaths registered in World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, during the past decade.MethodsFatal outcomes registered between 2010 and 2019 in children (<18 y) and reported by physicians were investigated. Age, sex and suspected drugs were described and disproportionality analyses investigated differences according to sex, age and continents with calculation of reporting odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval.ResultsAmong the 1 198 560 reports registered in children, 1585 (0.13%) were fatal. They occurred mainly in boys, aged 28 days–23 months. Reports mostly came from the Americas and Europe and involved, besides anti‐infectious drugs (mainly vaccines), central nervous system (vigabatrin, paracetamol, methylphenidate…) and antineoplastic/immunomodulating (mainly thalidomide) and cardiovascular (mainly bosentan) drugs without major differences between boys and girls. Large differences were found according to continents and age. The risk of reporting was higher in boys, in children aged <23 months, in the Americas and Africa.ConclusionFatal ADRs represented a small part (around 1/1000) of total registered ADRs, occurred more frequently in boys and during the first 2 years of life. Beside anti‐infectious drugs (vaccines), neuropsychiatric drugs were the most frequently involved, with large differences according to continents and classes of age.
“I have travelled along on my own”—Experiences of seeking help for serious non‐COVID health problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Parretti Helen M. , Belderson Pippa , Eborall Helen , Naughton Felix , Loke Yoon , Steel Nick , Bachmann Max , Hardeman Wendy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesDuring COVID‐19 the UK general population has been given strong messages to stay at home. Concurrently unprecedented changes occurred in healthcare access with moves to remote/triage systems. Data have shown that the number of people accessing healthcare services decreased and there are significant concerns that the pandemic has negatively affected help‐seeking for serious conditions, with potentially increased morbidity and mortality. An understanding of help‐seeking is urgently needed to inform public campaigns. We aimed to develop an in‐depth, theory‐based understanding of how, when and why people sought help for potentially serious symptoms (e.g., related to major cardiovascular events or cancer diagnoses) during the pandemic, and what influenced their decisions.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews.MethodsWe interviewed 25 adults recruited through a targeted social media campaign. Interviews were conducted via telephone or online platform. Our topic guide was informed by the Model of Pathways to Treatment and the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation‐Behaviour model.ResultsThe analysis identified four main themes: Delay in recognition, Holding on to concerns, Weighing it up and Long‐term impacts. Multiple societal and environmental factors influenced participants' help‐seeking and motivation, capability and opportunity to seek help, with long‐term impacts on well‐being and future help‐seeking.ConclusionsThere is a need for clear guidance about pathways to raise concerns about symptoms and gain advice while usual healthcare contacts are paused or stopped. Recommendations for future interventions to support help‐seeking during pandemics include clearer messaging, co‐produced with end‐users, on when, where and how to seek help.
Tumor cell–released LC3‐positive EVs promote lung metastasis of breast cancer through enhancing premetastatic niche formation
Authors: Sun Xiaotong , Wang Xuru , Yan Chunguang , Zheng Shiya , Gao Rong , Huang Fang , Wei Yiting , Wen Zhifa , Chen Yongqiang , Zhou Xiaohe , Liu Xueming , Chen Bohao , Shen Yuqing , Cai Yunlang , Pan Ning , Wang Lixin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost breast cancer–related deaths are caused by metastasis in vital organs including the lungs. Development of supportive metastatic microenvironments, referred to as premetastatic niches (PMNs), in certain distant organs before arrival of metastatic cells, is critical in metastasis. However, the mechanisms of PMN formation are not fully clear. Here, we demonstrated that chemoattractant C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) could be stimulated by heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on the surface of murine 4 T1 breast cancer cell–released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) via the TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB signal cascade in lung fibroblasts, which subsequently promoted lung PMN formation through recruiting monocytes and suppressing T cell function. Consistently, reduction of LC3+ EV release or HSP60 level or neutralization of CCL2 markedly attenuated PMN formation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, the number of circulating LC3+ EVs and HSP60 level on LC3+ EVs in the plasma of breast cancer patients were positively correlated with disease progression and lung metastasis, which might have potential value as biomarkers of lung metastasis in breast cancer patients (AUC = 0.898, 0.694, respectively). These findings illuminate a novel mechanism of PMN formation and might provide therapeutic targets for anti‐metastasis therapy for patients with breast cancer.
Golexanolone, a GABAA receptor modulating steroid antagonist, restores motor coordination and cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats by dual effects on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation
Authors: Mincheva Gergana , Gimenez‐Garzo Carla , Izquierdo‐Altarejos Paula , Martinez‐Garcia Mar , Doverskog Magnus , Blackburn Thomas P. , Hällgren Anneli , Bäckström Torbjörn , Llansola Marta , Felipo Vicente 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsHyperammonemic rats show peripheral inflammation, increased GABAergic neurotransmission and neuroinflammation in cerebellum and hippocampus which induce motor incoordination and cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation enhances GABAergic neurotransmission in cerebellum by enhancing the TNFR1‐glutaminase‐GAT3 and TNFR1‐CCL2‐TrkB‐KCC2 pathways. Golexanolone reduces GABAA receptors potentiation by allopregnanolone. This work aimed to assess if treatment of hyperammonemic rats with golexanolone reduces peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and restores cognitive and motor function and to analyze underlying mechanisms.MethodsRats were treated with golexanolone and effects on peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, TNFR1‐glutaminase‐GAT3 and TNFR1‐CCL2‐TrkB‐KCC2 pathways, and cognitive and motor function were analyzed.ResultsHyperammonemic rats show increased TNFα and reduced IL‐10 in plasma, microglia and astrocytes activation in cerebellum and hippocampus, and impaired motor coordination and spatial and short‐term memories. Treating hyperammonemic rats with golexanolone reversed changes in peripheral inflammation, microglia and astrocytes activation and restored motor coordination and spatial and short‐term memory. This was associated with reversal of the hyperammonemia‐enhanced activation in cerebellum of the TNFR1‐glutaminase‐GAT3 and TNFR1‐CCL2‐TrkB‐KCC2 pathways.ConclusionReducing GABAA receptors activation with golexanolone reduces peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function in hyperammonemic rats. The effects identified would also occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and, likely, in other pathologies associated with neuroinflammation.
Depression rates among African American inflammatory bowel disease patients at a large safety net hospital
Authors: Jordan Ariel , Mills Krystal , Sobukonla Timothy , Bredy Sancia , Kelly Alexander , Flood Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimMajor depressive disorder is a prominent psychiatric illness in the United States. It has been found to be higher among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, few studies have focused on depression among minority populations with inflammatory bowel disease. Our study determined the prevalence of depression in minority patients with inflammatory bowel disease at our safety‐net hospital, which serves a predominantly African American patient population.MethodsWe conducted a single centre retrospective cohort study at a large, urban outpatient centre. We retrieved the electronic medical records of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were seen in the gastroenterology clinic from December 2018–December 2019. Data on the severity of depression within the minority population, using the nine‐question Patient Health Questionnaire, was obtained. The effects of age, sex, inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis, and comorbidities were analysed. A p‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of IBD patients were included in the study, of which 46.7% were female and 53.3% were male. Mean age was 44 years. With regard to race, 88.4% were African American, 5.3% Asian, 2.1% Hispanic, 1.1% American Indian/Alaskan Native, and 3.2% multiracial. A total of 71.6% had Crohn's disease and 28.4% had ulcerative colitis. Overall prevalence of major depressive disorder was 25.3%; 45.8% had minimal, 8.3% mild, 33.3% moderate, and 12.5% severe depression. A total of 34.7% of patients were never screened for depression, and 13.8% had other psychiatric conditions. There was a difference in depression rates based on psychiatric conditions (p = 0.00), but no difference based on sex (p = 0.37), IBD subtype (p = 0.34), or medical conditions (p = 0.84).ConclusionsRates of depression among minority patients, predominantly African American, with inflammatory bowel disease were higher than previously reported for all patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Over 40% experienced moderate to severe depression. There was a low screening rate for depression. This data will be used to improve depression screening, especially among minorities.