bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiration of Grapefruit and Orange Flavedo Tissue in Relation to Chilling and Non-chilling Temperatures and Respiratory Inhibitors1
Authors: Purvis A. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One theory on the mechanism of chilling injury of tropical and subtropical fruits is that aerobic respiration is impaired at chilling temperatures and injury occurs from consequent accumulation of fermentation products. Therefore, O2 uptake and CO2 evolution by the flavedo (colored portion of peel) of chill-sensitive grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and chill-resistant orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) tissue were measured by a manometric Warburg technique over a range of chilling and non-chilling temperatures to see if there were differences in respiratory activities of the 2 tissues. A break in the Arrhenius plot of CO2 evolution and O2 uptake by grapefruit tissues occurred at 12°C but no break was apparent in similar plots for orange tissue. Respiratory quotients for both orange and grapefruit were lower at chilling than non-chilling temperatures. When O2 uptake was determined in the presence of maximal inhibitory levels of cyanide and salicylhydroxamic acid, a large residual O2 uptake remained. At chilling temperatures, in the absence of cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid reduced O2 uptake by grapefruit flavedo tissue by 30% but had no effect on O2 uptake by orange flavedo tissue in the absence of cyanide. The results indicate that extra-mitochondrial oxidases may have a role in chilling injury of grapefruit flavedo.
Response of Ilex crenata Thunb. cv. Helleri to Timed Fertilizer Applications1
Authors: Yeager T. H. , Wright R. D. , Alley M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multiple branched liners of ‘Helleri’ holly growing in a pine bark medium were fertilized at the beginning of active root growth at 300, 400, 500, or 600 ppm N with a 20N−8.7P−16.7K water soluble fertilizer. One week later, one half of the plants were fertilized again. The treatments were repeated during the next 2 periods of root growth which occurred about 6 weeks apart. The above soluble fertilizer was applied weekly at 300 ppm N to the control plants. Shoot growth of plants fertilized twice at 500 ppm N was comparable to growth of the control plants. Further, these plants received 44% less fertilizer and utilized 17.6% more of the total fertilizer applied. Extract nutrient and soluble salt levels were high during root growth and low during shoot growth except for the control plants, indicating the plant's need for fertilizer predominates during periods of active root growth.
Factors Affecting Shoot and Root Initiation from Cultured Rose Shoot Tips1
Authors: Hasegawa Paul M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In vitro-derived shoot tips of ‘Improved Blaze’ rose (Rosa hybrida L.) proliferated on a medium containing MS salts, thiamine·HCl (0.5 mg/liter), pyridoxine·HCl (0.5 mg/liter), nicotinic acid (0.5 mg/liter), glycine (2.0 mg/liter), i-inositol (100 mg/liter), sucrose (30 g/liter), Bacto agar (8 g/liter), indoleacetic acid (IAA) (0.3 mg/liter) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) (1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/liter). A 6-fold multiplication could be obtained after 4 weeks; no further increase in multiplication was obtained by extending the length of the culture period. In vitro-proliferated shoots cultured for 10 to 14 days on the basal medium without growth regulators initiated roots and could be successfully transplanted into soil; however, both root formation and transplantability were enhanced by α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.03 or 0.10 mg/liter) or IAA (1.0 mg/liter) and by lowering the MS salt concentration to ¼ or ½ strength. Although the degree of root initiation and successful establishment in soil was variable, 90 to 100% successful transfer to soil could be obtained.
Evaluation of Muskmelon Cultivar Performance by Joint Regression Analysis1
Authors: Ng Timothy J , McClurg C. A. , Angell F. F. , Anderson J. I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Data from 2 experiments, each involving a set of 6 muskmelon cultivars grown over a period of 4 years, were subjected to joint regression analysis to characterize performance across environments. ‘Burpee’ and ‘Gold Star’ were common to both experiments. A majority of the cultivars exhibited linear response for yield but not for fruit characteristics. There were also significant differences in regression coefficients among cultivars in each experiment. ‘Burpee’ and ‘Gold Star’ each had similar joint regression coefficients in both experiments for total weight of fruit per plant, but not for total number of fruit.
Light Intensity and Fruiting Effects on Carbohydrate Contents, Spur Development, and Return Bloom of ‘Hartley’ Walnut1
Authors: Ryugo K. , Marangoni Bruno , Ramos D. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaf number, area and chlorophyll content, and specific leaf weight were greater in light-exposed spurs of ‘Hartley’ walnut (Juglans regia L.) than those grown in the shade. Starch content increased early in the season in shaded spurs, but the accumulation ceased while the nuts stored dry matter. In exposed spurs, starch increased steadily until harvest. After harvest, starch level decreased in exposed and shaded spurs. Light intensity did not affect percentage composition of spurs and fruit with respect to carbohydrates or oil content in kernels. Increased exposure to light resulted in higher percentage of return bloom, greater spur growth, and more pistillate flowers per spur the following season.
Effect of Vitamin K5 and Menadione on Ripening, and Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide Production by Apple and Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 10-minute soak in 1.0 mm vitamin K5 reduced ethylene production over 90%, while doubling carbon dioxide production by cortical tissue from pre-climacteric apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Reduced ethylene production persisted for at least 4 hours, while carbon dioxide production declined to rates not significantly different from the controls. Vitamin K5 also reduced ethylene production by 50% from quartered fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at different stages of maturity, and from cortex tissue from apples at or near their climacteric peak of ethylene production.
Identification of Eight Crabapples by Pollen Surface Sculpture1
Authors: Martens Julia , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pollen specimens from 8 ornamental crabapples (Malus spp.) were compared using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine if they, like apple cultivars, can be distinguished by pollen characters. All pollen grains were approximately equivalent in size, tricolpate, elliptical in shape, with tectate-perforate exine type. Exine riding was superficially similar among all 8 crabapples, but close examination revealed sufficient detail to distinguish between them. Pollen from 4 of the 8 crabapples, M. baccata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C. K. Schneid., M. × purpurea (Hort. Barbier) Rehd. ‘Lemoinei’, M. × robusta (Carriere) Rehd. and M. Sargenta Rehd. possessed collared perforations. Among these M. baccata var. mandshurica and M. × purpurea ‘Lemoinei’ pollen had grains with parallel, unbroken exine ridging, while M. × robusta and M. sargentii grains commonly exhibited whorling of ridges. Spacing between exine ridges were wider on pollen grains of M. baccata var. mandshurica than on those of M. × purpurea ‘Lemoinei’, but M. × robusta and M. sargentii could not be distinguished using pollen characters alone. The remaining 4 crabapples lacked collared perforations and were further subdivided by perforation frequency. M. floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte and M. × purpurea (Hort. Barbier) Rehd. pollen displayed a large number of simple perforations while pollen from M. × purpurea ‘Aldenhamensis’ and M. × zumi calocarpa (Matsum.) Rehd. yielded lower perforation frequencies. M. floribunda pollen had more closely spaced exine ridges than M. × purpurea. M. × purpurea ‘Aldenhamensis’ differed from M. × zumi var. calocarpa in that its pollen generally had larger perforations.
Effect of Nitrogen Status of Dormant Rooted Lowbush Blueberry Cuttings on Rhizome Production1
Authors: Smagula John M. , Hepler Paul R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cuttings of 2 clones of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) treated with increasing rates of urea (0, 40, 80 kg N/ha) during rooting resulted in increased levels of total stem nitrogen in the respective treatments. Fall flowering and vegetative growth of cuttings in the propagation beds were stimulated by nitrogen treatments. Plants moved to cold storage (5°C) for 3 months and then grown under long day (16 hours) greenhouse conditions for 2 months did not produce more rhizomes in response to nitrogen treatments. However, plants which remained in the propagation beds during the winter and which were grown under field conditions for 6 months, responded to the nitrogen treatments by producing larger root systems, more aerial growth and more rhizomes.
Effects of N, K, and Mg on Growth and Leaf Nutrient Composition of Three Container Grown Woody Ornamentals Inoculated with Mycorrhizae1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Joiner J. N. , Crews C. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High N fertilization reduced percent infection by Glomus spp. (Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter Gerd. & Trappe and G. mossae (Nich. and Gerd.) & Trappe) endomycorrhizae on inoculated Podocarpus macrophyllus Thunb., Pittosporum tobira Thunb., and Rhododendron simsii Planch. plants. Inoculation with Glomus spp. benefited growth of the 3 woody plant species even at high levels of fertilization (1250 N, 1250 K and 230 Mg kg/ha·yr−1) although leaf nutrients levels showed little difference from noninoculated plants.
Effectiveness of Digested Sewage Sludge Compost in Supplying Nutrients for Soilless Potting Media1
Authors: Chaney Rufus L. , Munns John B. , Cathey Henry M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Marigold was grown on 4 media treatments with different levels of composted digested sewage sludge. On each medium, a number of fertilizer amendment treatments were studied to evaluate compost as a replacement for the amendments ordinarily required for complete media. Media contained 0, 33, 67, and 100% sludge compost (by volume); the remainder was unfertilized Cornell mix (equal volume mixture of sphagnum peat moss and vermiculite). The recommended amendments for Cornell mix (N, P, limestone, and trace elements) were deleted one at a time, all, or all but N. Severe P deficiency of −P media was fully corrected by compost at all rates. Compost provided only part of the N requirement at 33%. All trace element requirements were supplied by compost, yet toxicities did not occur; compost-amended media pH was ≥ 6.7, which limited metal availability to plants. Soluble salts limited yield somewhat on all treatments containing 67 or 100% compost. Fertilization of 33% compost media with only KNO3 (recommended rate for Cornell mix) allowed plant performance equal to the complete Cornell mix. Compost supplied much higher amounts of Fe, Zn, and Cu than are ordinarily added to media, and corrected an apparent marginal Cu deficiency-stress of complete Cornell mix. Composted digested sewage sludge was found to be an effective ingredient for potting media for marigolds when N is supplied from chemical sources.
Influence of Ancymidol on Four Species of Tropical Foliage Plants under Different Artificial Light Intensities1
Authors: Blessington Thomas M. , Link Conrad B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil drenches of alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) were applied 2 weeks after planting to Brassaia actinophylla Endl., X Fatshedera lizei (Cochet) Guillaum, Philodendron scandens Subsp. oxycardium (Schott) Bunt., and Tradescantia fluminensis Vell, at concentrations of 0. 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/15 cm pot to retard their growth and elongation while growing in a greenhouse under specific acclimatization procedures. Several months later the plants were placed in a controlled environment room under variable artificial light intensities (270, 540, 1080 lux) and after a 6-week period were evaluated as decorative materials. All plants treated with ancymidol, except Brassaia, showed decreased internodal length, were more compact in growth habit and displayed more intense color than those untreated. Ancymidol treatments maintained the decrease in internodal length at all light intensities for Tradescantia, Philodendron and Fatshedera with the greatest decrease evident at the highest (1.0 mg/pot) concentration. Only Brassaia exhibited leaf drop and no phytotoxicity was noted on any ancymidol treated plants.
Leaf Types of F1 Hybrids and Backcrosses Involving Unifoliolate Citrus and Trifoliolate Poncirus1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Soost R. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The degree of multifoliolate leaf expression in 272 F1 hybrid and 132 first backcross field trees involving unifoliolate Citrus and trifoliolate Poncirus is reported. Among the F1's of 9 Citrus cultivars × Poncirus, 246 trees had >50% multifoliolate leaves and only 7 had 30% or less. Individual crosses all showed similar behavior. Among the backcrosses to Citrus, 23 trees had >30% multifoliolate leaves and 109 had 30% or less. No multifoliolate leaves were observed in 55 of these. Environment had a discernible, but not a major, effect on leaf type. The data imply that only a few genes control leaf type in these crosses but the exact genetic basis is uncertain.
Low Oxygen Effects on Dessert Quality, Scald Prevention, and Nitrogen Metabolism of ‘d’Anjou’ Pear Fruit during Long-term Storage1
Authors: Mellenthin W. M. , Chen P. M. , Kelly S. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) harvested at optimum maturity, 6.4 kg flesh firmness, were stored in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 5.0% O2 with CO2 concentration were maintained at 0.01 to 0.03%. Other samples were stored in commercially recommended concentrations of 2-2.5% O2 and 0.8-1.0% CO2 (i.e., regular CA), and conventional air storage. Temperatures of −1.1°C (30°F) were maintained in all cabinets throughout the 8 month storage. Oxygen concentration below 1.5% maintained the dessert quality of fruit and reduced the incidence of superficial storage scald after 8 months of storage. Fruit stored at 1.0% O2 for 8 months did not develop scald even after returning to air storage for 30 days. Oxygen concentration above 2% without CO2 had no beneficial effect on dessert quality or scald control. Regular CA storage also maintained dessert quality, but had only slight effect on scald control. Fruit stored below 2% O2 softened slower, lost titratable acids and free amino acids more slowly, and accumulated protein more slowly than samples stored at higher O2 levels for 8 months. Regular CA fruit changed similarly to those from the 1.0% and 1.5% O2 treatments. Overall fruit metabolism in 0.5% O2 was markedly retarded during the 5 to 8 month storage period.
Effect of Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride on Seed Germination and Early Development of Seedlings1
Authors: Granett A. L. , Taylor O. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on germination media were exposed to hydrogen chloride gas for 20 min. Seeds incubated and exposed on filter paper suffered developmental effects which were dependent on gas concentration. While germination rate was slightly reduced for sensitive seeds at the higher concentrations, suppression of seedling growth was evident at all levels of HCl tested. There was little effect on either germination or seedling length in seeds exposed and incubated on soil. Filter paper and soil adsorbed HCl during 20-minute exposures in proportion to gas concentration, but the soil apparently buffered most adverse reactions of the acid.
Mineral and Chlorophyll Changes in Leaf Tissue of Silver Maple after Treatment with Iron Chelates1,2
Authors: Morris R. L. , Swanson B. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chlorotic silver maples (Acer saccharinum L.) were treated during bud break with soil-applied EDDHA (ethylenediaminedi-0-hydroxyphenylacetate) and trunk implants of encapsulated FAC (ferric ammonium citrate), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetracetate) and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate). Foliar levels of Ca were higher in chlorotic than green tissue. Chlorophyll levels and twig growth of treated trees were not significantly different from chlorotic controls after treatment. Soil Fe levels were different under chlorotic and green control plants. However, foliar Fe analyses demonstrated that Fe levels were not different in green and chlorotic leaf tissue.
Respiration and Ethylene Evolution and Internal Composition in Developing and Senescing Fruit of Guiana Chestnut (Pachira aquatica Aubl.)1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. , Goo Theodore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the respiratory pattern and ethylene (C2H4) production in developing and senescing fruit of Guiana chestnut (Pachira aquatica Aubl.) suggested that accelerated evolution and increased internal concentrations of C2H4 just prior to dehiscence of the fruit controls dehiscence. High concentrations of C2H4 are probably first synthesized in the placenta and the attached seeds and then diffused to the pericarp which then responds to the stimulus by dehiscing.
Factors Influencing Flower Petal Abscission in the Seed-propagated Geranium1
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Heins R. , Dean S. , Carlson W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flower petal abscission (shattering) in seed geraniums (Pelargonium X hortorum Bailey) is delayed by low temperature (1-5°C) and ethylene-free air. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or CO2 (5%) did not delay shattering. Respiration and endogenous ethylene synthesis did not follow a climacteric pattern. A method was devised to test flowers for petal abscission. Variation in petal abscission was found among flowers of 35 cultivars evaluated over a 2-year period.
Root Distribution of ‘Coville’ and ‘Lateblue’ Highbush Blueberry under Sawdust Mulch1
Authors: Gough R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The root system of the cultivated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is primarily composed of fine, thread-like roots less than 1 mm in diameter. Essentially all of the roots of 7-year-old ‘Lateblue’ bushes were located within the area between the crown and the dripline. Most of the roots on 13-year-old ‘Coville’ bushes were also within this area. Roots were found 180 cm from the crown and at depths of 81 cm. Roots were in the decomposing low layers of the sawdust mulch but not within the upper, non-decomposing layers.
Carnation Production Responses to Solar Radiation Transmitted through Plastic Greenhouse Covers1
Authors: Sherry William J. , Goldsberry Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dianthus caryophyllus L. cvs. DWF White #1, Scania and Crowley's Pink Sim were grown in greenhouses covered with new corrugated fiberglass reinforced plastic panels (New FRP), single layer UV-resistant polyethylene (Sgl Poly), air inflated double layer polyethylene (Dbl Poly), and 8-year-old weathered corrugated fiberglass reinforced plastic panels (Old FRP). Total flower production in the New FRP, Dbl Poly and Old FRP cover treatments was 1.9, 21.8 and 56.5% less, respectively, than in the Sgl Poly treatment. Significant interactions were noted between cultivar fresh weights, stem lengths, grades and cover treatment. Increase of irradiance in the cover treatments reduced return crop times while increasing stem length, fresh weight and grade.
Daylength and Temperature Effects on Days to Flowering of Early and Late Maturing Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Wallace D. H. , Enriquez G. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starting from daylength (DL) × temperature (T) environments combining short or intermediate DL with low or intermediate T, days to first flower (FF) of beans was progressively decreased as the duration of T was extended and/or as T was raised to intermediate levels. This universal temperature response caused 13 to 22 day decreases, under both 3° and 6°C night temperature/day temperature (NT/DT) difference, for both early and late maturing lines. The decrease in days to FF that appeared to result from extending DL was due to the attendant and simultaneous extending of the duration of DT and decreasing of the duration of NT. Starting from environments combining intermediate to longest DLs with intermediate to highest Ts, which environments had the fewest days to FF, on the contrary, increases in days to FF occurred as DL was further extended and/or as T was further raised. This photoperiod-temperature response (Pp-T response) caused 2 to 5 day increases in days to FF for early-maturing photoperiod-insensitive lines, and 10 fold larger increases of 40 to 53 days for late-maturing, photoperiod-sensitive lines. The gene(s) conditioning the late-maturing, photoperiod-sensitive phenotype, therefore, caused a 10-fold increase in the days of delay to FF, i.e. of a Pp-T response that is weakly expressed in the early-maturing photoperiod-insensitive genotype. The Pp-T responses of the photoperiod insensitive and sensitive genotypes were both half as large, 0 to 4 and 17 to 29 days, respectively, when the NT/DT difference was 3° rather than 6°C; there was also a requirement for a higher T to activate the Pp-T response. This commonly called photoperiod response, was called the Pp-T response because it was altered as much by T as by DL.
Fruit and Leaf Isozymes as Genetic Markers in Avocado1
Authors: Torres Andrew M. , Bergh B. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaf samples of over 100 avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars and 8 other Persea species were analyzed for isozyme variation of peroxidase (PX), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and phosphoglucose mutase (PGM). MDH, LAP and PGM isozymes of leaf and mesocarp were identical. Isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were detected in mesocarps but were not available from leaves. Leaf PX isozymes were specified by 3 genes having 11 alleles and MDH isozymes by 1 gene with 3 alleles. To date, 6 enzyme systems specified by 12 genes with 37 codominant alleles are available as genetic markers of possible use in problems of avocado systematics, measurements of outcrossing rates, documentation of parentages and screening of seedlings in breeding programs.
Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Roots of Sweet Potato1
Authors: Schadel W. E. , Walter W. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Druse crystals observed with light and scanning electron microscopy in root tissue of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Jewel were identified as calcium oxalate monohydrate by use of energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystals occurred primarily in the parenchyma cells of the edible root.