bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What accounts for the high underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry?
Authors: Akotey Joseph Oscar , Aawaar Godfred , Boamah Nicholas Addai 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis research explores to answer the question: What accounts for the substantial underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry?Design/methodology/approachThirty-four (34) insurers' audited financial reports covering the period of 2007 to 2017 were analysed through dynamic panel regression to uncover the underlying causes of high underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry.FindingsThe findings indicate that efforts at increasing market share by overtrading add no value to insurers underwriting profitability. The underwriting risk suggests that the industry charges disproportionately too small premiums for the risks it underwrites. This may indicate under-pricing by some insurers to grow their customer base.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for managerial efficiency and risk management structures that align compensation with underwriting efficiency.Originality/valueThe association between managerial preference and the underwriting performance of insurers in emerging markets has rarely been researched. This study responds to this knowledge challenge.
The balance between status quo and change when minorities try to access top ranks: a tale about women achieving professorship
Authors: Meschitti Viviana , Marini Giulio 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to study vertical gender segregation, which persists even in the fields where women are represented at junior levels. Academia is an example. Individual performance and lack of a critical mass do not fully explain the problem. Thus, this paper adopted an intergroup perspective (i.e. social identity and competition theories) to study how a majority (i.e. men) can influence the advancement of a minority (i.e. women).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper investigated promotions from associate to full professor in Italy. The original data set included all promotions from 2013 to 2016. To study intergroup dynamics, individual-level variables were analysed together with structural factors, such as gender representation and availability of resources.

Findings
The effect of gender representation was significant in that promotions were more likely when full professor ranks within academic institutions were men-dominated and associate professor ranks were women-dominated. Concurrently, the analysis of individual-level variables supported the existence of discrimination against women. The paper argues that the majority grants more promotions under the pressure of change; however, this does not contrast with discrimination at the individual level.

Research limitations/implications
The paper focused only on one country. However, the framework can be applied in other contexts and used to study segregation based on factors other than gender.

Originality/value
This study explored gender segregation from a new perspective, highlighting the importance of the interplay between individual and structural factors. This interplay might be one of the causes of the slow progress of gender equality.
C-STARS: a collaborative online learning environment for situated translation teaching in higher education
Authors: Zappatore Marco 
Published: September 2022

PurposeBefore COVID-19 pandemic, translation students in higher education attended courses on computer-assisted translation to acquire operational knowledge of professional software, without experiencing collaborative/interactive learning. In few European universities skills labs were introduced to offer fieldwork-like activities, but without shared modelling standards and mainly held in presence for few consecutive days. As the COVID-19 pandemic further deprived students of crucial educational experiences, the purpose of this paper is to present an online collaborative learning environment exploiting a customised combination of information and learning applications the students already experienced during the pandemic to smoothen their learning curve and increase the educational effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachA multi-framework methodology to build and operate a computer-supported online collaborative skills lab for translation students is proposed. Reference standards and guidelines are leveraged to provide participants with a common knowledge ground, to activate the computer-supported collaborative learning perspective, and to ensure an appropriate simulation fidelity.FindingsAn end-to-end implementation of the proposed approach along with educational effectiveness analysis performed via complementary assessment strategies is presented. Achieved outcomes highlight significant participation rate, consistent improvement in technical and soft skills at both individual and collective levels, and clear activation of collaborative learning dynamics.Practical implicationsEvery master degree in translation teaching can adopt this approach by complying with the proposed guidelines.Originality/valueThe proposed multi-framework approach is novel and applied to a teaching sector where it is highly needed to fill a pre-existing gap.
Leadership styles and safety culture – a meta-analytic study
Authors: Nasim Md Aqeel , Yadav Rama Shankar , Dash Sanket Sunand , Bamel Umesh 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study aims to quantitatively review previous empirical studies on leadership style and safety culture using meta-analysis and identify the most influential leadership style across organizations. Further, the moderating effect of riskiness in the organizational process on the relationship between leadership style and safety culture was also done.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a systematic literature review and applied meta-analysis based on 24 empirical studies to calculate the effect size for the relationships between leadership style and safety culture.FindingsA substantial effect size between leadership style and safety culture (r= 0.50). It was interesting to note the significant relationship between leadership and safety culture, irrespective of high- and low-risk organizations. Moreover, empowering leadership style (r= 0.60) emerged as the most influential leadership style across all organizations and in high-risk organizations.Originality/valueThe meta-analysis established leadership as an essential antecedent of safety culture and suggests implications for future research and practice related to safety and leadership.
Remanufacturing production decisions considering product life cycle and green consumers' scale in the circular economy
Authors: Liu Bohai , Song Qi , Zheng Handong , Ma Yaoyao , Li Kai 
Published: September 2022

PurposeIn this paper, the authors aim to study the optimal strategy of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) considering both consumer segmentation and upward substitution of remanufactured products in the product life cycle.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors develop two remanufacturing models: the OEM remanufacturing model and the authorized remanufacturing model. Then, the authors study the impact of both green consumers' scale and the product life cycle expressed as the market growth rate on the OEM's optimal decision-making. Therefore, the authors derive the optimal solutions of the two models by using game theory.FindingsThe authors find that in the case of low market growth rate, when there only exist ordinary consumers, if the substitutability of remanufactured products produced by the OEM is below one threshold or above another threshold, the OEM can obtain higher profit in the OEM remanufacturing model, and vice versa. If the substitutability of remanufactured products produced by the OEM is below a threshold when there are both ordinary and green consumers, the OEM prefers the authorized remanufacturing model; and vice versa. Moreover, in the case of high market growth rate, the OEM prefers the OEM remanufacturing model only when the substitution-level in OEM remanufacturing model is above a threshold.Originality/valueThe present study fills the gap in existing researches by simultaneously discussing product life cycle and green consumers' scale. The authors provide manufacturers with a new basis for remanufacturing decisions.
Tales of woe: farmers–herders conflict and victimisation experiences in Nigeria
Authors: Adejoh Pius Enechojo , Amaike Omobolanle Gift , Agugua Augustine Okechuchwu , Olowu Gafar Femi , Busari-Akinbode Sofiat 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the victimisation experiences of farmers, herders and community members within the context of the persistent conflict between farmers and herders across Nigeria, with specific focus on Anambra, Benue and Oyo states in south-east, north-central and south-west geopolitical zones of the country, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used the cross-sectional survey to elicit quantitative data from 725 respondents made up of 256 farmers, 225 herders and 244 community members aged 18 years and above, in six purposively sampled local government areas in the three states, while 16 in-depth interviews, 19 key informant interviews and 18 focus group discussions were conducted to extract qualitative data from purposively sampled farmers, herders, community leaders and members of the study communities.

Findings
The results show that farmers, herders and other community members in the study suffered losses in the form of destruction of farmlands and livelihood, internal displacement and human fatalities, for the farmers and community members; and destruction of livelihood, loss of money and human fatalities, for the herders. The paper predicts a worsening of the feud between these groups and the attendant reprisal attacks and victimisation if the current binary narrative of victimhood that privileges the needs and experiences of one group over the other persists, and urges stakeholders to put in place enduring structures that will minimise nomadic herding and ensure proactive security.

Originality/value
The focus on the issue of the “victimisation experiences” of herders and farmers and the invitation to researchers and policymakers to examine the role of the prevailing binary construction of victimhood in the conflict is a refreshing addition to other works on this subject.
Developing scientifically validated bias and diversity trainings that work: empowering agents of change to reduce bias, create inclusion, and promote equity
Authors: Cox William Taylor Laimaka 
Published: September 2022

PurposeResearch consistently shows that non-scientific bias, equity, and diversity trainings do not work, and often make bias and diversity problems worse. Despite these widespread failures, there is considerable reason for hope that effective, meaningful DEI efforts can be developed. One approach in particular, the bias habit-breaking training, has 15 years of experimental evidence demonstrating its widespread effectiveness and efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThis article discusses bias, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts from the author’s perspective as a scientist–practitioner – the author draws primarily on the scientific literature, but also integrates insights from practical experiences working in DEI. The author provides a roadmap for adapting effective, evidence-based approaches from other disciplines (e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy) into the DEI context and review evidence related to the bias habit-breaking training, as one prominent demonstration of a scientifically-validated approach that effects lasting, meaningful improvements on DEI issues within both individuals and institutions.FindingsDEI trainings fail due to widespread adoption of the information deficit model, which is well-known as a highly ineffective approach. Empowerment-based approaches, in contrast, are highly promising for making meaningful, lasting changes in the DEI realm. Evidence indicates that the bias habit-breaking training is effective at empowering individuals as agents of change to reduce bias, create inclusion, and promote equity, both within themselves and the social contexts they inhabit.Originality/valueIn contrast to the considerable despair and pessimism around DEI efforts, the present analysis provides hope and optimism, and an empirically-validated path forward, to develop and test DEI approaches that empower individuals as agents of change.
The ecological implications of interplant drought cuing
Authors: Falik Omer , Mauda Shachar , Novoplansky Ariel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlants can perceive, integrate and respond to multiple signals and cues informative of imminent threats and opportunities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that unstressed plants are able to perceive and adaptively respond to stress cues emitted from their drought‐stressed neighbours, and to induce adaptive responses in additional unstressed plants.Triplets of split‐rootStenotaphrum secundatumplants were grown in rows. One root of the first plant was subjected to drought while its other root shared its pot with one of the roots of an unstressed target neighbour, which in turn shared its other pot with an additional unstressed target neighbour.Cuing from drought‐stressed plants increased survival in both proximate directly cued and in more distant relayed‐cued target plants under drought. Drought cuing lowered plant performance under benign conditions. Experiments with aWiltymutant and fluridone treatments showed that drought cuing was greatly reduced in ABA‐deficientPisum Sativumplants.Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the possible adaptive implications of both direct and relayed stress cuing among neighbouring plants, the possible cost of plant responsiveness to drought cues under benign conditions and the involvement of ABA in interplant drought cuing. The results suggest that interplant root communication of drought cues could have novel implications for plant interactions, survival and performance under both natural and agricultural settings.
‘Sand in the works?’ Infrastructural affordances and life with dementia in the community
Authors: Symonds‐Brown Holly , Ceci Christine , Judge Harkeert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe social health of people living with dementia is a more recent addition to the dementia research agenda; to date conceptions of the problem and solutions have relied on underdeveloped theorisations of sociality and social inclusion. In this article, using a material‐semiotic approach to care practices and infrastructure, we use an ethnographic case study of one family of a person living with dementia using a day programme and home care supports over a period of 9 months, to examine how infrastructural arrangements provide particular affordances for social relatedness for people living with dementia in the community. The aim of the analysis is to consider how the infrastructural affordances created by the organisation of care may create spatially bounded lives and limit the subject positions available for people living with dementia and their families. It is these narrowed positions of dwelling that we argue may be the necessary starting place for thinking about the social health of people living with dementia and the solutions that might be helpful for them.
Remotely shared CT‐derived presurgical understanding of lung cancer: A randomized trial
Authors: Yoon Soon Ho , Na Kwon Joong , Kang Chang Hyun , Park In Kyu , Park Samina , Goo Jin Mo , Kim Young Tae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShared decision‐making is imperative for patient‐and family‐centered care. However, gathering individuals in a single place was challenged by modern life and pandemic restrictions. This study conducted a 1:1 randomized trial to examine the feasibility of a CT‐derived 3D virtual explanation module for lung cancer to improve the understanding of patients and third parties in physically separate locations. We prospectively enrolled adults in whom elective surgical resection for lung cancer was planned at a single tertiary hospital in 2020. From presurgical CT scans, deep neural networks automatically segmented lung cancer, airway, pulmonary lobes, skin, and bony thorax. The segmented structures were subsequently transformed into an anonymized interactive 3D module which comprised a standardized scenario with explanatory texts. The intervention group received a link to the module on their smartphone before admission and could repeatedly access the link or transfer it to patients' third parties. A total of 33 and 29 patients were enrolled in the intervention and control arms. The understanding score did not statistically differ between the arms (mean difference, 0.7 [95% CI: −0.2, 1.5]; p = 0.13). However, 76% of patients in the intervention arm accessed the link, and patient median access count was 14. The link recipients of third parties had comparable understanding scores to the patients (mean difference, −0.2 [95% CI: −1.9, 1.5]; p = 1.00), indicating that the understanding could be shared remotely with patients and patients’ third parties. In conclusion, it was feasible that people physically separated from patients obtained a comparable understanding of lung cancer surgery using the patient's CT‐derived 3D virtual explanation module.
Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 inhibits miR‐515‐5p function and modulates high mobility group B3 to promote the growth of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Xueying , Kang Jian , Ma Yupeng , Wang Qi , Li Weiwu , Su Juan , Zhang Xinqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis study is performed to analyze the role of long non‐coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in prostate cancer.Methods and materialsPlasmacytoma variant translocation 1, miR‐515‐5p, and high mobility group B3 mRNA expressions were examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. After gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function models were established, the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay, and Transwell experiments. Validation of the targeting relationships between plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 and miR‐515‐5p, and between miR‐515‐5p and high mobility group B3 was conducted using bioinformatics prediction, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and an RNA immunoprecipitation experiment. Moreover, the effects of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 and miR‐515‐5p on high mobility group B3 protein expression were examined using Western blot.ResultsPlasmacytoma variant translocation 1 expression and high mobility group B3 expression were up‐regulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines while miR‐515‐5p expression was down‐regulated. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 knockdown restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LNCaP and DU145 cells in vitro, and the transfection with miR‐515‐5p inhibitors reversed these effects. Mechanistically, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 could repress the function of miR‐515; high mobility group B3 was proved to be a target gene of miR‐515‐5p, and its expression could be indirectly positively modulated by plasmacytoma variant translocation 1.ConclusionPlasmacytoma variant translocation 1 accelerates prostate cancer progression by repressing miR‐515‐5p's function to upregulate high mobility group B3 expression.
Polycomb EZH1 regulates cell cycle/5‐fluorouracil sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in concert with MYCN
Authors: Shinno Yoshitaka , Takenobu Hisanori , Sugino Ryuichi P. , Endo Yuki , Okada Ryu , Haruta Masayuki , Satoh Shunpei , Mukae Kyosuke , Shaliman Dilibaerguli , Wada Tomoko , Akter Jesmin , Ando Kiyohiro , Nakazawa Atsuko , Yoshida Hideo , Ohira Miki , Hishiki Tomoro , Kamijo Takehiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we found that EZH1 depletion in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells resulted in significant cell death as well as xenograft inhibition. EZH1 depletion decreased the level of H3K27me1; the interaction and protein stabilization of MYCN and EZH1 appear to play roles in epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Transcriptome analysis of EZH1‐depleted cells resulted in downregulation of the cell cycle progression‐related pathway. In particular, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed downregulation of reactome E2F‐mediated regulation of DNA replication along with key genes of this process, TYMS, POLA2, and CCNA1. TYMS and POLA2 were transcriptionally activated by MYCN and EZH1‐related epigenetic modification. Treatment with the EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 also induced cell death, decreased H3K27 methylation, and reduced the levels of TYMS in neuroblastoma cells. Previous reports indicated neuroblastoma cells are resistant to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and TYMS (encoding thymidylate synthetase) has been considered the primary site of action for folate analogues. Intriguingly, UNC1999 treatment significantly sensitized MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells to 5‐FU treatment, suggesting that EZH inhibition could be an effective strategy for development of a new epigenetic treatment for neuroblastoma.
Annual carbon sequestration and loss rates under altered hydrology and fire regimes in southeasternUSApocosin peatlands
Authors: Richardson Curtis J. , Flanagan Neal E. , Wang Hongjun , Ho Mengchi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeatlands drained for agriculture or forestry are susceptible to the rapid release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through enhanced microbial decomposition and increased frequency of deep peat fires. We present evidence that rewetting drained subtropical wooded peatlands (STWPs) along the southeastern USA coast, primarily pocosin bogs, could prevent significant carbon (C) losses. To quantify GHG emissions and storage from drained and rewetted pocosin we used eddy covariance techniques, the first such estimates that have been applied to this major bog type, on a private drained (PD) site supplemented by static chamber measurements at PD and Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. Net ecosystem exchange measurements showed that the loss was 21.2 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1(1 Mg = 106 g) in the drained pocosin. Under a rewetted scenario, where the annual mean water table depth (WTD) decreased from 60 to 30 cm, the C loss was projected to fall to 2 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1, a 94% reduction. If the WTD was 20 cm, the peatlands became a net carbon sink (−3.3 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1). Hence, net C reductions could reach 24.5 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1, and when scaled up to the 4000 ha PD site nearly 100,000 Mg CO2 year−1of creditable C could be amassed. We conservatively estimate among the 0.75 million ha of southeastern STWPs, between 450 and 770 km2could be rewet, reducing annual GHG emissions by 0.96–1.6 Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) of CO2, through suppressed microbial decomposition and 1.7–2.8 Tg via fire prevention, respectively. Despite covering <0.01% of US land area, rewetting drained pocosin can potentially provide 2.4% of the annual CO2nationwide reduction target of 0.18 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g). Suggesting pocosin restoration can contribute disproportionately to the US goal of achieving net‐zero emission by 2050.