bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age Advocacy on Twitter Over 12 Years
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Discussions on age-related issues have begun taking place in earnest, but exactly what dominates public consciousness about these issues is a topic that has yet to kindle scholarly attention. This study analyzes tweets uploaded by age advocacy organizations that have attracted the highest levels of engagement on Twitter.

Research Design and Methods
We collected 403,426 tweets from 53 accounts. These tweets were posted over 12 years, from 2009 to 2021. After applying our exclusion criteria and collating the top 1% of tweets with the highest levels of engagement, 2,054 tweets were retained for analysis. Both inductive and deductive approaches informed our qualitative content analysis.

Results
Five themes emerged. “Issues Related to Alzheimer’s Disease or Dementia” (Theme 1) formed the majority of tweets (62%; N = 1,278). Theme 2 “Rising Health Care or Retirement Costs” was the second largest theme (25%; N = 506). Seven percent of the tweets were on “Reframing Aging and Combating Ageism” (Theme 3; N = 138). “Matters Affecting Caregivers” surfaced in Theme 4 (4%; N = 81). Two percent of the tweets were on “Intersectional Concerns” (Theme 5; N = 51).

Discussion and Implications
As age advocacy organizations step up to engage the public constructively in matters regarding later life, there is a compelling need to quell public anxiety about old age and to sensitize society to the struggles confronted by older adults. In undertaking the range of activities needed to do so, age advocacy organizations should consolidate efforts even as they rethink existing strategies to effectuate change.
Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD
Authors: Williamson David , Turkoz Ibrahim , Wajs Ewa , Singh Jaskaran B , Borentain Stephane , Drevets Wayne C 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground“Dissociation” comprises distinct phenomena, some of which are associated with esketamine treatment and some may overlap with positive symptoms of psychosis. Relationships between dissociation and psychotic symptoms assessed by ­clinician report vs conventional rating scales were investigated in a post hoc analysis of data from the initial treatment session in an ­open-label, ­long-term safety, phase 3 study of esketamine plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant depression.MethodsAdverse events of dissociation or psychosis were examined via investigator report and the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Plus, respectively, 40 minutes post first esketamine dose. The range of CADSS total scores associated with investigator-reported severity of dissociation was determined by equipercentile linking. Logistic regression models and receiver operating curve analysis explored the CADSS cutoff point for determining presence/absence of dissociation. Frequency of response to specific CADSS items was examined to investigate qualitative differences in the pattern of symptoms reported across investigator-reported levels of adverse event severity.ResultsDissociation was reported as an adverse event in 14.3% (109/764) of patients. Severity of most CADSS items increased with the severity of investigator-reported dissociation. No CADSS cutoff point discriminated well between the presence and absence of dissociation events. Hallucinations were reported as adverse events in 5 patients; none reported delusions.ConclusionsCADSS scores and severity of dissociation adverse events move generally in the same direction; however, there is substantial variability in this relationship. No signature profile of dissociative experiences was revealed, and psychotic symptoms were uncommon.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02497287
Roquin-dependent gene regulation in immune-mediated diseases and future therapies
Authors: Raj Timsse , Negraschus Arlinda , Heissmeyer Vigo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe RNA-binding proteins Roquin-1/2 and Regnase-1 exert essential regulation by controlling pro-inflammatory mRNA expression to prevent autoimmune disease. More recently, inhibition of this post-transcriptional gene regulatory program has been demonstrated to enable enhanced anti-tumor responses by tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In this review, we describe the functions of these RNA-binding proteins and the phenotypes that arise in association with genetic inhibition or inactivation. We discuss how inducible inactivation of the system reprograms CD4+ and CD8+ T cell fates by changing cell metabolism, activation, differentiation or effector/memory decisions. We furthermore outline what we need to know to precisely modulate this system in order to dampen autoimmune reactions or boost the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in cancer immunotherapies.
Evaluating a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on growth performance of broilers fed U.S. commercial diets deficient in nutrients and energy through 63 days of age
Authors: Sobotik E B , House G M , Stiewert A M , Bello A , Dersjant-Li Y , Shoesmith E , Remus J , Archer G S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant expressed in Trichoderma reesei (PhyG) in broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with application of dose-specific full nutrient and energy matrix values. Ross 708, straight-run broilers (n = 2,016) were assigned to one of 7 dietary treatments, with 12 replicate pens/diet and 24 birds/pen. Diets were a nutrient adequate control (PC), nutrient reduced negative controls 1, 2, and 3 (NC1, NC2, and NC3) with reductions in available phosphorus (avP) by 0.15%, 0.18%, and 0.19%, calcium (Ca) by 0.17%, 0.20%, and 0.21%, dig amino acids (AA) by 0.02%–0.05%, sodium (Na) by 0.03%–0.05%, and metabolizable energy (ME) by 62.8, 68.8, and 69.5 kcal/kg, respectively. Other diets were the NC1, NC2, and NC3 respectively supplemented with 500 (PhyG500), 1,000 (PhyG1000), and 2,000 (PhyG2000) FTU/kg. Over the 63-day feeding period, decreasing nutrient specifications lowered body weights (P &lt; 0.05) in broilers from 4,518 g in PC to 4,256 g and 4,191 g and increased body weight-corrected feed conversion ratio (FCR, P &lt; 0.05) from 1.92 in PC to 2.06 and 2.08 in the NC2 and NC3, respectively. Compared with PC, PhyG maintained (P &gt; 0.05) BW in broilers fed PhyG500 (4,474 g), PhyG1000 (4,417 g), and PhyG2000 (4,449 g). Moreover, PhyG at all dose-levels maintained (P &gt; 0.05) overall FCR vs. PC. The NC1, NC2, and NC3 diets decreased (P &lt; 0.05) tibia ash vs. PC, and each PhyG500, PhyG1000, and PhyG2000 completely restored tibia ash to the similar levels (P &gt; 0.05) as the PC. Carcass yield was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by NC1 (80.63%), NC2 (80.51%), and NC3 (80.31%) vs. PC (81.96%) with complete alleviation by PhyG500 (82.11%), PhyG1000 (81.80%), and PhyG2000 (81.54%). In conclusion, the novel consensus phytase variant completely compensated for the reduction in dietary avP, Ca, dig AA, and ME at each dose-level and maintained growth performance, bone quality, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in a typical corn-soybean mean based diet fed to broilers through 63 days of age.
Impact of ileal indigestible protein on fecal nitrogen excretion and fecal microbiota may be greater compared with total protein concentration of diets in growing pigs
Authors: Sung Jung Yeol , Johnson Timothy A , Ragland Darryl , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the current study, we hypothesized that an increase in dietary ileal indigestible protein concentration induces an increase in hindgut nitrogen utilization and nitrogen excretion and a shift in fecal microbiota in growing pigs, when compared to pigs given a high total protein diet. Three diets were prepared: 1) standard protein diet based on corn and soybean meal, 2) high-indigestible protein diet in which autoclaved, low-digestible soybean meal replaced soybean meal in the first diet, and 3) high protein diet where the inclusion rate of soybean meal was greater than that of the other diets. The 3 diets were fed to 18 barrows that were fitted with T-cannula at the ileo-cecal junction (initial body weight = 63.4 ± 8.0 kg) in a randomized complete block design with body weight as a blocking factor. Pigs were individually housed in pens and the experiment lasted for 23 d. On days 7 and 21, fecal samples were collected by rectal massage for microbiota analysis. Grab samples of feces were collected on days 20 and 21, and ileal digesta were collected on days 22 and 23 for the determination of energy and nitrogen utilization. Lower apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen in the high-indigestible protein diet containing autoclaved soybean meal resulted in greater ileal indigestible nitrogen concentration (P &lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen was lower (P &lt; 0.05), and correspondingly nitrogen concentration and daily fecal nitrogen output were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the high-indigestible protein diet compared with the other diets. Apparent post-ileal digestibility and hindgut disappearance of nitrogen and gross energy were the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in the high protein diet, whereas a statistical difference was not observed in those variables between the standard protein diet and the high-indigestible protein diet. Beta diversity metrics of feces in the high-indigestible protein diet on day 21 were different (q &lt; 0.05) from those in the other two diets, which indicates a shift in microbial communities. According to the results of the DESeq2, the direction of microbiota shift induced by the high-indigestible protein diet may have reduced fiber utilization in the hindgut. In conclusion, an increase in dietary ileal indigestible protein concentration increased fecal nitrogen excretion and shifted fecal microbial communities but did not increase nitrogen utilization in the hindgut.
Badges of Misconduct: Consumer Rules to Avoid Abusive Financial Advisers
Authors: Camarda Jeffrey , Lee Steven J , de Jong Pieter , Lee Jerusha 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The financial advisory industry in the USA lacks professional standardization/regulation. There are few guideposts to assess adviser quality, and risks to consumer welfare abound. Some 91% of investment advisers operate on conflicted sales commission licences, although many market themselves as fiduciaries. Using an adviser misconduct scoring framework we report specific misconduct ratings for each of the 625,980 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) advisers, finding elevated misconduct for Certified Financial Planner (CFP®) professionals and commission/fiduciary licensees. For Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA®) professionals, we found the opposite. We propose a unique scoring system to aid consumers in flagging problematic advisers. We also offer simple regulatory policy recommendations, which could enable stronger consumer protection at minimal cost or bureaucratic burden.
Identifying Economically Feasible Priority Landscape Areas in Idaho for Funding Assistance Programs
Authors: Pokharel Raju , Latta Greg , Washington Chad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarket coverage, or merchantability, is more than selling commodities. By offsetting expenditures, it provides an effective tool allowing forest managers to expand funding assistance to improve forest health, habitat, and water quality; reduce fire risk; and sustainably manage forest resources and services. This analysis narrows the focus to mill inputs and evaluates the forest products market extent and competition that exist in Idaho to better prioritize forest health improvement and fire mitigation funding programs. We identify priority landscape areas through market extent and market competition and classify each by quintiles for three harvested wood products (sawlogs, pulpwood, biomass). Generating revenues from selling harvested wood products where barely any markets exist or markets could expand with incentives would allow management projects to be done at a more extensive scope or a lower cost per area. The results can also be used to identify areas to invest in forest product manufacturing facilities. This is valuable information for decision-makers looking to direct public assistance funding toward projects that generate forest products.
Formal and informal support networks as sources of resilience and sources of oppression for temporary foreign workers in Canada
Authors: Salami Bukola , Tulli Mia , Alaazi Dominic A , Juen Jessica , Khasanova Nariya , Foster Jason , Vallianatos Helen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore temporary foreign workers’ (TFWs) access to and experiences with formal and informal supports in Canada. Our study utilized a participatory action research design and four overlapping phases of data collection: individual interviews with current and former TFWs, focus groups, individual interviews with settlement service agencies, and a cross-sectional survey with current and former TFWs. We used an intersectional theoretical framework to analyze these data and explore ways that TFWs interact with formal and informal sources of support for navigating their precarious immigration status and integration in Canada. Our findings show these supports have the potential to both benefit and harm TFWs, depending on their social positioning and availability of institutional resources. The benefits include information that aids settlement and integration processes in Canada, while the harms include misinformation that contributes to status loss. Future research and policy should recognize the complexity of informal and formal support networks available to TFWs. An absence of government support is apparent, as is the need for increased funding for settlement service agencies that serve these workers. In addition, Canada should better monitor employers, immigration consultants, and immigration lawyers to ensure these agents support rather than oppress TFWs.
Effects of dust sources on dust attenuation properties in IllustrisTNG galaxies at z ∼ 7
Authors: Hsu Yuan-Ming , Hirashita Hiroyuki , Lin Yen-Hsing , Camps Peter , Baes Maarten 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Dust emission from high-redshift galaxies gives us a clue to the origin and evolution of dust in the early Universe. Previous studies have shown that different sources of dust (stellar dust production and dust growth in dense clouds) predict different ultraviolet (UV) extinction curves for galaxies at z ∼ 7 but that the observed attenuation curves depend strongly on the geometry of dust and star distributions. Thus, we perform radiative transfer calculations under the dust–star geometries computed by a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation (IllustrisTNG). This serves to investigate the dust attenuation curves predicted from ‘realistic’ geometries. We choose objects with stellar mass and star formation rate appropriate for Lyman break galaxies at z ∼ 7. We find that the attenuation curves are very different from the original extinction curves in most of the galaxies. This makes it difficult to constrain the dominant dust sources from the observed attenuation curves. We further include infrared dust emission in the analysis and plot the infrared excess (IRX)–UV spectral slope (β) diagram. We find that different sources of dust cause different IRX–β relations for the simulated galaxies. In particular, if dust growth is the main source of dust, a variation of dust-to-metal ratio causes a more extended sequence with smaller IRX in the IRX–β diagram. Thus, the comprehensive analysis of the abundance of dust and metals, the UV slope, and the dust emission could provide a clue to the dominant dust sources in the Universe.
Tale of the Titers: Serologic Testing for SARS-CoV-2—Yes, No, and Maybe, With Clinical Examples From the IDSA Diagnostics Committee
Authors: Colgrove Robert , Bruno-Murtha Lou Ann , Chastain Cody A , Hanson Kimberly E , Lee Francesca , Odom John Audrey R , Humphries Romney 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Diagnosis of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection relies on detection of viral antigens or amplified viral nucleic acids. Serology, although invaluable for epidemiology, is not routinely needed clinically. However, in some settings, serologic data may have direct clinical utility: for example, in evaluation of persistent symptoms in patients without a prior diagnosis of acute infection. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing is sometimes used or requested in situations in which existing data do not support it, such as determination of need for vaccination. In this study, we describe available methods of serologic testing and provide cases supported by clinical vignettes of where such tests can be helpful, as well as examples where they are not. These examples may help clarify clinical decision making in this rapidly evolving area.
Fakers
Authors: Frost-Arnold Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 addresses fake news. It argues that normative social epistemology helps us understand why the fake news problem is a problem, a point that more descriptive studies lack the tools to show. This chapter shows how racism shapes online disinformation and how disinformation fuels racism. Fake news does not just generate a generic form of ignorance; instead, it often feeds a specifically racist form of ignorance: white ignorance. This chapter argues that feminist accounts of objectivity can provide tools for platforms to avoid a flight to neutrality that prevents them from accepting responsibility for their role in the fake news problem.
Conclusion
Authors: Frost-Arnold Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the argument of the book. The chapter reviews how the epistemological frameworks of social epistemology help us untangle several thorny problems of internet epistemology. Summarizing the socially situated approach to internet epistemology pursued in this book, the chapter recaps the ways in which race, gender, sexuality, colonialism, and capitalism shape online knowledge production. Recognizing the social situatedness of online knowledge (and ignorance) is crucial for answering the normative question: who should we be online? Reflecting on the research ethics methodology adopted in the book and articulated in the Appendix, the conclusion argues that philosophers need to take into account their own positionality and power as they study the internet.
Regional Economic Diversity
Authors: Dore Poornima , Narayanan Krishnan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe book is a deep dive into the regional economy of India and attempts to answer questions like what is more conducive to economic development of a nation – specialisation or diversification? Are regions within a developing economy experiencing divergence or convergence as they embark on high growth path? How do we assess the role of economic diversity and measure regional value added when such data is not readily available? And, what are the key determinants of differences across regions in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12. Several key issues which are important for development, namely (i) financial inclusion, (ii) digital literacy, (iii) leveraging the demographic dividend and (iv) boosting cities as engines of growth, depend upon the regional economy’s ability to absorb and respond to policy stimuli. A region’s ability to experience growth is to a large extent determined by its ability to attract either industry or people. This phenomenon is known as agglomeration and affects concentration of firms, development of industrial hubs, policies towards special economic zones, flows of labour and capital, formation and growth of cities. Given the size and diversity within each state in India there is an urgent case for going one step below to identify homogeneous units at a sub state level, viz., NSS regions, something which this book seeks to address. The analysis directs to the need for promoting aspirational regions approach to achieve all round development in the country. The issues discussed would be of interest from the perspective of industrial location, investment, output and market opportunities, policy making, designing fiscal incentive and employment generation.
How to Do Research
Authors: Stewart Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are many textbooks on research methods, but these tend to be targeted at particular disciplines. Equally, there are plenty of books on popular science and other academic fields, but few that provide an overview of career opportunities or a framework for getting started. The principles underlying humanity’s past and continuing acquisition of knowledge are straightforward and are illustrated here across academic fields, from history to quantum physics—stories of clever and inventive people with good ideas, but also of personalities, politics, and power. This book draws together these strands to provide an informal and concise account of knowledge acquisition in all its guises. Having set out what research hopes to achieve, and why we are all researchers at heart, early chapters describe the basic principles underlying this—ways of thinking which may date back to the philosophers of the Athenian marketplace but are still powerful influences on the way research is carried out today. Drawing on a broad range of disciplines, the book takes the reader well beyond the pure ‘scientific method’, which might work well enough in physics or chemistry but falls apart in life sciences, let alone humanities. Later chapters consider the realities of carrying out research and the ways in which these continue to shape its progress—researchers and their personalities, their employers, funding, publication, political forces, and power structures.
Trust as an Unquestioning Attitude
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to most accounts of trust, you can only trust other people (or groups of people). To trust is to think that another has goodwill, or something to that effect. I sketch a different form of trust: the unquestioning attitude. What it is to trust, in this sense, is to settle one’s mind about something, to stop questioning it. To trust is to rely on a resource while suspending deliberation over its reliability. Trust lowers the barrier of monitoring, challenging, checking, and questioning. Trust sets up open pipelines between yourself and parts of the external world. Trust permits external resources to have a similar relationship to one as one’s internal cognitive faculties. This creates efficiency, but at the price of exquisite vulnerability. We must trust in this way because we are cognitively limited beings in a cognitively overwhelming world. Crucially, we can hold the unquestioning attitude towards objects and technologies. When I trust my climbing rope, I stop worrying about its reliability. When I trust my online calendaring system, I simply go to the events indicated, without question. But, one might worry, how could one ever hold such a normatively loaded attitude as trust towards mere objects? How could it ever make sense to feel betrayed by an object? Trust is our engine for expanding and outsourcing our agency—for binding external processes into our practical selves. Thus, we can be betrayed by our smartphones in the same way that we can be betrayed by our memory. When we trust, we try to make something a part of our agency, and we are betrayed when our part lets us down. To unquestioningly trust something is to let it in—to attempt to bring it inside one’s practical functioning. This suggests a new form of gullibility: agential gullibility, which occurs when agents too hastily and carelessly integrate external resources into their own agency.