bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between nail retraining with gauze bandaging and the nail remodeling with acrylics as a conservative treatment for stage I and IIa onychocryptosis
Authors: Martínez María Teresa García , Gómez‐Gabriel Beatriz , Martínez‐Nova Alfonso , Gil Pilar Nieto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveOnychocryptosis is one of the most prevalent onychopathies, being a frequent reason for consultation in podiatric clinical practice. Conservative treatments are the first therapeutic choice, with nail remodeling using clotrimazole gel emerging as an alternative, although its medium‐term effectiveness is unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to compare the efficacy of the technique of nail retraining using gauze bandaging with that of nail remodeling for the conservative treatment of stage I and IIA onychocryptosis.MethodsAn analytical, randomized clinical trial study was performed following a longitudinal and prospective design. A sample was selected of 20 subjects presenting stage I and IIA onychocryptosis. Of these, 10 cases formed the group of nail retraining using gauze bandaging, and the other 10 the nail remodeling group. The presence of recurrence in a 3‐month period was evaluated.ResultsBefore the intervention, the patients in the retraining group presented pain of 6.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.6 in the remodeling group, with no significant difference between the two (p = 0.900). After the 3‐month follow‐up period, seven of the retraining group patients presented recurrence of onychocryptosis vs. only one in the remodeling group.ConclusionThe technique of nail remodeling has a lower recurrence rate than that of nail retraining with gauze bandaging, with the pain, inflammation, and infection reported being less, and with greater patient satisfaction.
A population‐based, retrospective cohort study of the association between ABO blood group and risk of COVID‐19
Authors: Dahlén Torsten , Li Huiqi , Nyberg Fredrik , Edgren Gustaf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have investigated associations between ABO blood group and risk of COVID‐19, with inconsistent results.ObjectiveTo study associations between ABO blood group and risk of different stages of COVID‐19.MethodsThe study was based on nationwide registers encompassing all blood‐grouped persons in Sweden, and all of their COVID‐19‐related outcomes. Associations between ABO blood group and COVID‐19 outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression models. Analyses were conducted overall and stratified by vaccination status.ResultsA total of 4,986,878 individuals were included. The incidence rate ratios of testing positive for COVID‐19 were 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.08), 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05–1.07), and 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00–1.01) for blood groups A, AB, and B, respectively, as compared to O. Similar associations were seen for risk of hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions, and risk of death. For most outcomes, associations with ABO blood group were much attenuated or even reversed in vaccinated individuals.ConclusionsIndividuals with blood groups A, AB, and B are at increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 as well as developing more severe forms of the disease.
Reassessing Moral Legitimacy in Times of Instability
Authors: Anesa Mattia , Spee Andreas Paul , Gillespie Nicole , Petani Fabio James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe presence of conflicting cues about what is legitimate provided by various stakeholders, begs the question of how the legitimacy of contested institutionalized practices is justified. Recent critique of tax minimization strategies exemplifies this difficulty: on one hand, practitioners need to increase shareholders' profits; on the other, a growing number of stakeholders push for ‘fairer’ corporate tax payments. Conducted during a time of public criticism of Australian corporate tax strategies, our study draws on justifications of corporate tax minimization strategies by senior tax practitioners and corporate submissions to a Senate Inquiry on corporate tax avoidance. The study explores how legitimacy judgements come under pressure by conflicting cues. Through the application of Boltanski and Thévenot's (2006) Economies of Worth (EW) framework, we advance legitimacy scholarship by clarifying what constitutes situated judgements in times of instability. Our work puts forward the concept of perceived forecasted consensus as a guide for individuals in making situated legitimacy judgements in times of instability.
The rhizosphere microbiome and host plant glucosinolates exhibit feedback cycles in Brassica rapa
Authors: DeWolf Ella , Brock Marcus T. , Calder William John , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Katz Ella , Li Baohua , Morrison Hilary G. , Maïgnien Lois , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rhizosphere microbiome influences many aspects of plant fitness, including production of secondary compounds and defence against insect herbivores. Plants also modulate the composition of the microbial community in the rhizosphere via secretion of root exudates. We tested both the effect of the rhizosphere microbiome on plant traits, and host plant effects on rhizosphere microbes using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Brassica rapa that differ in production of glucosinolates (GLS), secondary metabolites that contribute to defence against insect herbivores. First, we investigated the effect of genetic variation in GLS production on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome. Using a Bayesian Dirichlet‐multinomial regression model (DMBVS), we identified both negative and positive associations between bacteria from six genera and the concentration of five GLS compounds produced in plant roots. Additionally, we tested the effects of microbial inoculation (an intact vs. disrupted soil microbiome) on GLS production and insect damage in these RILs. We found a significant microbial treatment × genotype interaction, in which total GLS was higher in the intact relative to the disrupted microbiome treatment in some RILs. However, despite differences in GLS production between microbial treatments, we observed no difference in insect damage between treatments. Together, these results provide evidence for a full feedback cycle of plant–microbe interactions mediated by GLS; that is, GLS compounds produced by the host plant “feed‐down” to influence rhizosphere microbial community and rhizosphere microbes “feed‐up” to influence GLS production.
Adaptation to distinct habitats is maintained by contrasting selection at different life stages in sunflower ecotypes
Authors: Goebl April M. , Kane Nolan C. , Doak Daniel F. , Rieseberg Loren H. , Ostevik Kate L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConspecific populations living in adjacent but contrasting microenvironments represent excellent systems for studying natural selection. These systems are valuable because gene flow is expected to force genetic homogeneity except at loci experiencing divergent selection. A history of reciprocal transplant and common garden studies in such systems, and a growing number of genomic studies, have contributed to understanding how selection operates in natural populations. While selection can vary across different fitness components and life stages, few studies have investigated how this ultimately affects allele frequencies and the maintenance of divergence between populations. Here, we study two sunflower ecotypes in distinct, adjacent habitats by combining demographic models with genome‐wide sequence data to estimate fitness and allele frequency change at multiple life stages. This framework allows us to estimate that only local ecotypes are likely to experience positive population growth (λ > 1) and that the maintenance of divergent adaptation appears to be mediated via habitat‐ and life stage‐specific selection. We identify genetic variation, significantly driven by loci in chromosomal inversions, associated with different life history strategies in neighbouring ecotypes that optimize different fitness components and may contribute to the maintenance of distinct ecotypes.
Longitudinal changes in nursing home leadership, direct care staff job strain and social support in Swedish nursing homes—findings from the U‐AGE SWENIS study
Authors: Backman Annica , Lindkvist Marie , Lövheim Hugo , Sjögren Karin , Edvardsson David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPromoting healthy work environment as a manager in nursing homes is important to safeguard staff health and well‐being as well as care quality when facing increasing demands. The impact of leadership on staff work environment needs further exploration.ObjectivesTo describe longitudinal changes in nursing home leadership, direct care staff characteristics, job strain and social support.MethodsThis study has a repeated cross‐sectional design, a five‐year follow‐up study. Nursing home staff in 181 corresponding units (n = 1253 in 2014 and n = 1176 in 2019) completed surveys about leadership, staff job strain and social support in a five‐year follow‐up study. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.ResultsA higher degree of leadership defined by coaching and providing direct feedback to care staff, handling conflicts in a constructive way and having control of the clinical work, was significantly associated with a lower degree of job strain and a higher degree of social support among staff, with stronger associations at follow‐up. The proportion of enrolled nurses increased significantly at follow‐up.ConclusionsLeadership is increasingly important for staff work environment, especially in times of increased workload and decreasing collegiality and deteriorating work atmosphere at work.Implications for PracticeStakeholder and policy makers in nursing home care may reflect on how managers' leadership is prioritised in these environments because such leadership is associated with staff job strain and social support. Managers striving to improve the work situation of staff may consider their own role and allow flexibility in how and when the work can be performed.
An infant with LUMBAR syndrome complicated by severe perineal ulceration managed with diverting colostomy
Authors: Nowakowska Malgorzata K. , Rodriguez Edgar D. , Hunt Raegan D. , Rialon Kristy L. , Jadhav Siddharth P. , Metry Denise W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas are the most common childhood vascular lesions. LUMBAR syndrome (lower body hemangioma, urogenital abnormalities/ulceration, myelopathy, bony deformities, anorectal malformations/arterial anomalies, and rectal anomalies) warrants special treatment considerations. Here we describe a case of an infant with LUMBAR syndrome who presented with severe perineal ulceration refractory to standard medical therapy and was managed with a temporary diverting sigmoid colostomy. This case demonstrates that adjunctive surgical management can be considered in infants with aggressive perineal wounds refractory to standard medical therapy.
The Role of Adaptation in Collective Human–AI Teaming
Authors: Zhao Michelle , Simmons Reid , Admoni Henny 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores a framework for defining artificial intelligence (AI) that adapts to individuals within a group, and discusses the technical challenges for collaborative AI systems that must work with different human partners. Collaborative AI is not one‐size‐fits‐all, and thus AI systems must tune their output based on each human partner's needs and abilities. For example, when communicating with a partner, an AI should consider how prepared their partner is to receive and correctly interpret the information they are receiving. Forgoing such individual considerations may adversely impact the partner's mental state and proficiency. On the other hand, successfully adapting to each person's (or team member's) behavior and abilities can yield performance benefits for the human–AI team. Under this framework, an AI teammate adapts to human partners by first learning components of the human's decision‐making process and then updating its own behaviors to positively influence the ongoing collaboration. This paper explains the role of this AI adaptation formalism in dyadic human–AI interactions and examines its application through a case study in a simulated navigation domain.
Numerical Solution for a Nonlinear Time-Space Fractional Convection-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Basha Merfat , Anley Eyaya Fekadie , Dai Binxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we take a time–space fractional convection-diffusion problem with a nonlinear reaction term on a finite domain. We use the L1 operator to discretize the Caputo fractional derivative and the weighted shifted Grünwald difference (WSGD) method to approximate the Riesz fractional derivative. Furthermore, we apply the Crank Nicolson difference scheme with weighted shifted Grünwald–Letnikov and obtain that the numerical method is unconditionally stable and convergent with the accuracy of O(τ2−α+h2), where α∈(0,1]. For finding the numerical solution of the nonlinear system of equation, we apply the fixed iteration method. In the end, numerical simulations are treated to verify the effectiveness and consistency of the proposed method.
Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Deterioration for Vertical Flow of Supercritical Carbon-Dioxide Under Natural Circulation
Authors: Bodkha Kapil , Pilkhwal D. S. , Maheshwari N. K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many upcoming designs of nuclear reactors conceptualize use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) due to certain associated advantages. Supercritical helium (SC-He), supercritical carbon-dioxide (SC-CO2), and supercritical water (SCW) find proposed applications in primary/secondary heat removal cycles in nuclear reactors. The knowledge of heat transfer characteristics of the working fluid is essential prerequisite for its actual application. Similarly, for SCF, heat transfer deterioration (HTD) is an area having much ambiguity and thus has attracted many researchers in the recent past. Still, conclusive guidelines for design applications of SCF are lacking due to dramatic variation of thermos-physical properties of SCF in the pseudo-critical region. In this paper, extensive experimental investigations are undertaken to study HTD of SC-CO2 under natural circulation (NC) system. Experiments conducted at pressures between 7.9 and 12.31 MPa for vertical heater horizontal cooler (VHHC) and vertical heater vertical cooler (VHVC) are reported. Effect of heat flux, operating pressure, and cooler orientation are discussed based on the experimental data generated. Methodologies available in literature for identification of HTD are also examined with the present experimental data. The experimental data are compared with the HTD criteria available in literature and a new criterion for onset of HTD is proposed for vertical flows under natural circulation. Role of buoyancy (Bu) and acceleration (Ac) parameters are also investigated. Noticeable HTD is observed for Bu &gt; 3 × 10−6 whereas Ac is not found to affect the HTD in this study.
Material Characterization of Fused Filament Fabrication for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Sockets
Authors: Phillips Clara , Kortschot Mark , Azhari Fae 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a very versatile and powerful tool for fabricating lower-limb prosthetic sockets. Fused filament fabrication (FFF), a material extrusion AM technique, has the potential to greatly improve the function and comfort of prosthetic sockets with enhanced features such as in-socket pressure monitoring or spatially varied material stiffness. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are conventionally used to manufacture sockets that have been proven to provide adequate structural durability. However, evidence is lacking to show that sockets made with FFF have the required material properties, and the field is far from establishing a standard method for manufacturing and testing FFF sockets with acceptable strength and stiffness.
In this paper, material characteristics of FFF and FRP specimens obtained from ASTM D3039 standard tensile testing are compared and analyzed. Results showed that the tensile modulus of FFF specimens is not greatly affected by build orientation, and, in general, the printed layer heights tested in this study did not have an effect on modulus nor tensile strength. Longitudinal raster orientations significantly increased the tensile strength of FFF specimens built in the flat orientation, although all FFF specimens still exhibited significantly lower strength and modulus compared to the FRP composites.
This paper provides a basis for the selection of FFF process parameters for designing adaptable and smart sockets, and provides suggestions for the use of material characterization data in predicting and optimizing the structural safety of future novel prosthetic socket designs.
Development of Design Principles for SMA Wave Springs
Authors: Pagel Kenny , Gnauck Marco , Stapf Tom , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electric coolant pumps in vehicles usually operate with a fixed characteristic curve, which is designed for an optimized operating point in terms of efficiency. Practically, however, the operating conditions change constantly, e.g., due to temperature changes during the warm-up phase, which change the coolant viscosity and thus the pressure conditions in the pump. In order to adapt the operating point to the current temperature, one option is to change the blade geometry of the rotating impeller. Shape-memory-alloys (SMA) are perfectly suited to fulfil this task. However, the existing flat and compact cross-section of the impeller as well as the required stiffness and force prohibit the use of SMA wire or spiral spring actuators. SMA wave springs represent an alternative actuator geometry to solve both the space- and the force and stiffness problems.
In this paper, the design principles for SMA wave springs are developed using the finite element method. In particular, a numerical study is carried out to determine the influences of different geometrical parameters of the wave spring on the actuator performance. This is realized using an SMA FEA model of a NiTiCu-alloy based on Aurichio’s approach, which is described in detail. The calculations show that it is possible to determine an optimum geometry for wave springs in terms of the achievable system work. Based on these results, SMA wave springs suitable for the application are manufactured and experimentally investigated to verify the model. In addition, a functional model of the water pump impeller including the actuator system is manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques to validate the approach in experiments.
A Reduced-Order Multi-Body Model for Ornithopters With Piezocomposite Flapping Wings
Authors: Shan Xin , Bilgen Onur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mechanism-free ornithopters, also referred to as solid-state ornithopters, based on piezoelectric actuators do not need electromagnetic motors or conventional mechanisms, potentially saving weight and energy consumption, and reducing mechanical complexity. In such vehicles, the aim is to achieve lift and thrust purely by surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators; however, the generating sufficient lift and thrust without mechanism augmentation is extremely difficult; and has not been demonstrated. The optimization of wing substrate topology, actuator placement, and excitation parameters requires a computationally efficient model of the dynamic behavior of a solid-state ornithopter. In this article, a reduced-order lumped-parameter model is proposed for ornithopters with piezocomposite flapping wings. The piezoelectric, mechanical, and fluid domains are modeled and coupled by Hamilton’s principle. Based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, the wing motion is described by the assumed bending and twisting modes to predict plunging and pitching motions. The fluid effects considered are added mass and quasi-static aerodynamic forces. A vortex lattice code is used to obtain aerodynamic coefficients for the wing. The body-wing and the wing-fluid interactions are accounted for in the model. Gliding flapping flight simulations with initial velocity and height are conducted. Contribution of active flapping are found by comparison to flight with non-flapping compliant wings.
Experimental Validation For A Multi-Objective Optimized Piezocomposite Morphing Airfoil
Authors: Wright Cody , Bilgen Onur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Slotted natural-laminar-flow airfoils are multi-element airfoils that employ a slot between the fore and aft elements to improve aerodynamic efficiency at cruise. Flow on the fore element pressure surface accelerates the flow through the slot which in-turn provides a pressure recovery mechanism for the suction surface of the fore element. This synergy delays the laminar to turbulent transition of the fore element leading to improved lift and a reduction in drag. These aerodynamic benefits permit aircraft designs with smaller planforms, reducing fuel burn. Smooth continuous surfaces are necessary to maintain proper flow on both the fore and aft element. For this reason, deployable surfaces to increase lift such as traditionally actuated flaps and slats can lead to premature tripping of the laminar to turbulent transition. To prevent this unwanted behavior, it is proposed that piezocomposite or other smart-material actuators are used for camber morphing of the aft element to modify lift. To this end, a parameterized model is proposed for piezocomposite airfoil morphing. The model is then applied to the aft element of a slotted natural-laminar flow airfoil with the fore element assumed as a rigid structure. A fluid-structure interaction framework is employed for determining the deformed actuated airfoil geometry subject to aerodynamic loading. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to generate the pareto front of two competing objective functions, maximizing excited airfoil lift and minimizing unexcited pressure induced deformation of the airfoil.
Adaptive Magneto-Responsive Surfaces Fabricated by Laser-Based Microstructuring
Authors: Kravanja Gaia , Belyaeva Inna A. , Hribar Luka , Drevenšek-Olenik Irena , Shamonin Mikhail , Jezeršek Matija 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adaptive surface microstructures are used extensively in nature to control various surface properties such as wettability, adhesion, self-cleaning, drag reduction, etc. Regulation of these properties can be achieved with the appropriate employment of a multitude of smart materials, whose characteristics/response can be controlled by noncontact stimuli, e.g., light, heat, or magnetic field. One of the very promising magneto-regulable smart materials are magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). They are comprised of a compliant polymer matrix with embedded micrometer-sized ferromagnetic particles. The particles interact with each other and a magnetic field. This results in remarkable tunability of the physical properties of MAEs. This paper reports a fast, resilient, and tailored method for direct surface micromachining of MAEs that enables micro-structuring without mechanical contact between the tool and the material, bypassing the usual constraints of conventional fabrication methods. It is shown that it is possible to fabricate a large variety of different microstructure geometries whose precision is limited predominantly by the size of magnetic particles. Lamellar structures with a high aspect ratio (up to 6:1) oriented either perpendicularly to the surface, can be strongly bent by applying magnetic fields in the range of 0–250 mT.