bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sports training for primary and secondary school students. Training solutions in the context of digital transformation
Authors: Lan Leng Thi , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Hang , Hien Dinh Thi 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper was to provide suggestions for good sports training and to help primary and secondary school students to improve their physical and mental health. It was also discussed the impact of digital transformation on students' sports training. The authors used qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods. They also used experimental testing methods and experience. The authors consider physical education as a prerequisite for the development of other aspects of education. They explain the benefits of sports by stating that primary and secondary school students who participate in sports have the following benefits: they are healthier, they avoid the effects of technology and bad habits, they make friends, have fun, build social confidence, interact socially and learn to deal with failure. In conclusion, primary and secondary school students can successfully and safely improve their overall health by participating in a well-supervised sport training. Trained fitness professionals play an essential role in ensuring proper technique, form, progression of exercises, and safety in this age group.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar sugerencias para un buen entrenamiento deportivo y ayudar a los alumnos de primaria y secundaria a mejorar su salud física y mental. También se discutió el impacto de la transformación digital en la formación deportiva de los alumnos. Los autores utilizaron métodos cualitativos de análisis, síntesis e inductivos. También utilizaron métodos de prueba experimentales y experiencia. Los autores consideran la educación física como un requisito previo para el desarrollo de otros aspectos de la educación. Explican los beneficios del deporte afirmando que los alumnos de primaria y secundaria que practican deporte tienen los siguientes beneficios: son más saludables, evitan los efectos de la tecnología y los malos hábitos, hacen amigos, se divierten, generan confianza social, interactúan socialmente y aprender a lidiar con el fracaso. En conclusión, los estudiantes de primaria y secundaria pueden mejorar con éxito y seguridad su salud general participando en un entrenamiento deportivo bien supervisado. Los profesionales del fitness capacitados juegan un papel esencial para garantizar la técnica adecuada, la forma, la progresión de los ejercicios y la seguridad en este grupo de edad.
La genèse de la catégorie de « réfugié LGBT » au sein du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés
Authors: Hamila Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Le système de protection international est régi par la Convention de Genève de 1951, complétée par le Protocole de New York de 1967. Ces conventions internationales énumèrent cinq motifs d’octroi du statut de réfugié : les persécutions du fait de la race, de la religion, de la nationalité, de l’appartenance à un certain groupe social et des opinions politiques. Ces instruments internationaux ne reconnaissent pas explicitement les persécutions du fait de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’identité de genre en tant que motifs d’octroi du statut de réfugié. Cependant, au cours des trois dernières décennies, le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR) a été amené à reconnaître ces persécutions en tant que motifs d’octroi de la protection internationale. Dans cet article, je m’intéresse à la genèse de la catégorie de « réfugié LGBT » au sein du HCR au début des années 2000. Je soutiens que l’émergence de cette nouvelle catégorie de réfugiés s’inscrit dans deux dynamiques parallèles, qui ont toutes les deux débouché sur l’élaboration des Principes directeurs du HCR, qui reconnaissent explicitement les persécutions du fait de l’orientation sexuelle en tant que motif d’octroi du statut de réfugié. D’une part, c’est dans le contexte d’une plus grande attention portée aux femmes réfugiées, et notamment aux persécutions liées au genre, qu’il est pour la première fois question des persécutions liées à l’orientation sexuelle. D’autre part, la catégorie de « réfugié LGBT » apparaît aussi dans le contexte de l’interprétation de la notion d’« appartenance à un certain groupe social ».
El emblema musical de la vanitas en el tratado instrumental de Luis Venegas de Henestrosa (1557) / The Musical Emblem of Vanitas in Luis Venegas de Henestrosa's Instrumental Treatise (1557)
Authors: Seguí Balaguer Montiel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: In 1557 the Libro de cifra nueva para tecla, arpa y vihuela, written by the priest Luis Venegas de Henestrosa, was published in Alcalá de Henares by the press of Juan de Brocar. Dedicated to the bishop of Jaén, Diego Tavera, and paying homage to the late Cardinal Juan Pardo de Tavera, the treatise included in its initial pages an emblem with a message about the transience of life or vanitas. The rhetorical-musical iconographic program becomes a mysterious image, implicitly carrying the three faculties of time: the past, the present and the future. The emblematic corpus is configured by merging the different arts with a musical enigma that sings Coplas por la muerte de su padre, Recuerde el alma dormida, by Don Jorge Manrique, with images ready to be interpreted and with messages veiled in psalms and biblical references. Underlying it all is a moralizing intent. This is the first musical emblem of Spain with notation spellings that have been conserved, remarkable if we consider Andrea Alciato’s publication (1531) as the starting point of the so-called emblematic genre.
KEYWORDSMusical Emblem; Luis Venegas de Henestrosa; Vanitas; Prudence.
RESUMEN: En 1557 se publicaba en Alcalá de Henares, en la imprenta de Juan de Brocar, el Libro de cifra nueva para tecla, arpa y vihuela escrito por el profeso Luis Venegas de Henestrosa. Dedicado al obispo de Jaén Diego Tavera y rindiendo pleitesía al fallecido cardenal Juan Pardo de Tavera, el tratado incluía en sus iniciales páginas un emblema con un mensaje sobre la fugacidad de la vida o vanitas. El programa iconográfico retórico- musical se torna en estampa misteriosa llevando implícito las tres facultades del tiempo: el pasado, el presente y el porvenir. El corpus emblemático se configura fusionando las distintas artes con un enigma musical que entona las Coplas por la muerte de su padre, Recuerde el alma dormida, de don Jorge Manrique, con imágenes dispuestas a ser interpretadas y con mensajes velados en salmos y referencias bíblicas. Bajo todo un sentido moralizante nos encontramos ante el primer emblema musical de España con grafías de notación que conservamos, considerando la publicación de Andrea Alciato (1531) como punto de partida del denominado género emblemático.
PALABRAS CLAVESEmblemática musical; Luis Venegas de Henestrosa; Vanitas; Prudencia.
The effect of internet addiction and smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Turkish adolescents
Authors: Acikgoz Ayla , Acikgoz Burcu , Acikgoz Osman 
Published: February 2022

Background: Sleep quality plays a principal role in the protection of health. There is an increasing number of studies in the literature demonstrating that internet addiction and smartphone addiction impair sleep quality. However, the number of studies on Turkish adolescents is very limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of internet addiction and smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Turkish adolescents.
Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 910 adolescents aged 13–18 years. Data were collected with the Short Internet Addiction Test, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather information about the demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics. Pearson’s Chi-square test, Chi-square test for trend, Mann–Whitney U test, logistic regression analysis, and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used in the analysis.
Results: The sleep quality of 58.7% of the adolescents was poor. Additionally, girls and adolescents ≥16 years old had poor sleep quality. Sleep quality deteriorated as perceived health status and perceived economic status of family deteriorated. Compared to participants with normal internet addiction scores, poor sleep quality was 1.83 (95% CI [1.22–2.74]) times higher in those with problematic internet addiction and 1.99 (95% CI [1.23–3.87]) times higher in those with pathological internet addiction. One point increase in Smartphone Addiction Scale total score increased poor sleep quality 1.01 (95% CI [1.00–1.02]) times. Sleep quality scale were positively correlated with the smartphone addiction and internet addiction. However, there was no positive correlation between habitual sleep efficiency subcomponent of sleep quality and smartphone addiction and internet addiction.
Conclusions: Internet addiction and smartphone addiction were associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents. Older adolescents (≥16 years), gender (female), poor health perception, and perception of moderate economic status of the family were other factors associated with poor sleep quality.
Decrease in perinatal mortality and increase in cesarean section rates
Authors: Shehata A.I. , Hashim T.J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the cesarean section (CS) rate in the Riyadh area, its trend and relationship to perinatal mortality (PNM). Methods: Based on delivery data obtained from the Ministry of Health hospitals, Saudi Arabia, for a total of 12 years, yearly rates of CS, PNM and the ratios of obstetricians and beds per 10 000 population were computed for the Riyadh area and compared with the overall rates for Saudi Arabia. Correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship between the CS rate and each of the stated variables. Results: Riyadh had significantly lower rates of CS and PNM than Saudi Arabia as a whole. The CS rate in Riyadh showed a positive trend (increasing from 4.4 to 6.7%) while the PNM rate revealed a significant decreasing trend (decreasing from 21.6/1000 to 16/1000 live births). A negative association existed between the Riyadh rates of PNM and CS (r = −0.2375) and PNM and the availability of obstetricians (r = −0.8693). Conclusions: From our data it was not possible to establish a cause and effect relationship between the CS and PNM rates.
Cooperative Effect of Artificial Chaperones and Guanidinium Chloride on Lysozyme Renaturation at High Concentrations
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Yan , Shi Jin‐Hui , Sun Yan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt has been recognized that the artificial chaperone system, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and β‐cyclodextrin, is effective for enhancing protein renaturation. In this work, we studied the effect of the artificial chaperone system and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) on the oxidative renaturation of lysozyme at 0.21–1.05 mg/mL, and a kinetic model based on the competition between protein folding and aggregation was employed to express the renaturation process. The refolding rate constant increased, while the aggregation rate constant decreased, with increasing concentration of the artificial chaperones. With increasing GdmCl concentration (0.28–2 M), both rate constants decreased, but there existed a specific GdmCl concentration that maximized the ratio of the two rate constants and thus the renaturation yield. The results obviously indicated the cooperative effect of GdmCl and the artificial chaperones on enhancing protein renaturation.
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Cell Growth and Production of Ginseng Saponin and Polysaccharide in Suspension Cultures of Panax notoginseng
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Heng , Zhong Jian‐Jiang , Yu Jun‐Tang 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effects of the nitrate to ammonium ratio on the cell growth, the production of ginseng saponin (secondary metabolite) and polysaccharide (primary metabolite), as well as consumption of major nutrients by suspension cultures of Panax notoginseng cells were investigated at a total nitrogen (N) of 60 mM in a 250‐mL Erlenmeyer flask. The results indicate that the ratio of nitrate to ammonium had a great influence on the cell growth and consumption of carbon and N sources. It was found that biosynthesis of saponin was more susceptible to the ratio of NO3−/NH4+ than that of polysaccharide. Ammonium was unfavorable to saponin formation. The maximum production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide was attained when nitrate was the sole N source. The effect of total N amount (using nitrate as the sole N source) on the cell cultures was also studied, and the result shows that the dry cell weight was increased from 4.9 to 10.9 g/L with increase of initial nitrate concentration from 0 to 60 mM. The relationship between initial nitrate concentration (including both intracellular and medium nitrate) and specific cell growth rate based on active biomass could be described by Monod equation, in which the kinetic parameters μmax and Ks were determined to be 0.066 d−1 and 4.84 mM, respectively. The maximum production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide was 0.85 and 1.59 g/L, respectively, with initial nitrate concentration of 60 mM.
Clinical and biological features of acute myeloid leukaemia occurring as second malignancy: GIMEMA archive of adult acute leukaemia
Authors: Pagano Livio , Pulsoni Alessandro , Tosti Maria Elena , Avvisati Giuseppe , Mele Luca , Mele Alfonso , Martino Bruno , Visani Giuseppe , Cerri Raffaella , Di Bona Eros , Invernizzi Rosangela , Nosari Annamaria , Clavio Marino , Allione Bernardino , Coser Paolo , Candoni Anna , Levis Alessandro , Camera Andrea , Melillo Lorella , Leone Giuseppe , Mandelli for the Gimema (gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologic Franco 
Published: July 2002

Between July 1992 and June 1996, 3934 new cases of acute leukaemia were registered in the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Archive of Adult Acute Leukaemia. Two hundred cases (5·1%) presented with a history of primary malignancy (PM), 179 of which were acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The median age of these cases was significantly higher than that of other primitive AML (63 years vs. 57 years; P < 0·001). The number of men was significantly lower than the number of women [74/1544 (4·8%) vs. 105/1420 (7·4%); odds ratio (OR) 0·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·46–0·87; P < 0·002], as was the number of patients aged < 65 years [104/1963 (5·3%) vs. 75/1001 (7·5%); OR 0·69, 95% CI 0·50–0·95; P < 0·01]. An increased incidence of cancer was observed among first‐degree relatives of patients with AML occurring after a PM (secondary AML; sAML) [66/179 (36·9%) sAML vs. 757/2785 (27·2%) de novo AML, age adjusted; OR 2·62, 95% CI 1·07–6·42; P < 0·005]. Prevalent types of PM were breast cancer, lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. sAML occurred after a median latency of 52 months (range 2–379). Of the 122 patients who received chemotherapy for sAML, 67 patients (55%) achieved a complete remission (CR), three a partial remission, 15 (12%) died in induction and 37 (30%) were unresponsive. The median duration of CR was 30 weeks (range 4–250). The median overall survival was 7 months (range 1–196). Comparing acute promyelocytic leukaemia with all other French–American–British (FAB) groups, a significant increase in CR achievement was observed [14/18 (77·7%) vs. 53/101 (52·4%), P < 0·046] as well as in median CR duration (55 vs. 24 months, P < 0·02). The analysis of our data suggests that not only previous chemotherapy but also genetic predisposition could play a role in the pathogenesis of sAML.
A mathematical model predicting anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) decay after vaccination against hepatitis B
Authors: HONORATI M C , PALARETI A , DOLZANI P , BUSACHI C A , RIZZOLI R , FACCHINI A 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARY
The determination of serum levels of antibodies against hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) after hepatitis B vaccination is currently the only simple test available to predict the decay of protection and to plan the administration of booster doses. A total of 3085 vaccine recipients of plasma-derived and recombinant vaccine have been followed for 10 years to determine the kinetics of anti-HBs production and to construct a mathematical model which could efficiently predict the anti-HBs level decline. The anti-HBs peak level was reached 68 days after the last dose of recombinant vaccine and 138 days after the last dose of plasma-derived vaccines. The age of vaccinees negatively influenced the anti-HBs levels and also the time necessary to reach the anti-HBs peak. A bilogarithmic mathematical model (log10 level, log10 time) of anti-HBs decay has been constructed on a sample of recombinant vaccine recipients and subsequently validated on different samples of recombinant or plasma-derived vaccine recipients. Age, gender, type of vaccine (recombinant or plasma-derived), number of vaccine doses (three or four) did not influence the mathematical model of antibody decay. The program can be downloaded at the site: http://www2.stat.unibo.it/palareti/vaccine.htm. Introducing an anti-HBs determination obtained after the peak, the program calculates a prediction of individual anti-HBs decline and allows planning of an efficient booster policy.
Expression of CD10, CD75 and CD43 in MALT lymphoma and their usefulness in discriminating MALT lymphoma from follicular lymphoma and chronic gastritis
Authors: Arends J E , Bot F J , Gisbertz I A M , Schouten H C 
Published: July 2002

AimsWhile it may be difficult to discriminate between chronic gastritis, MALT lymphoma and a gastric location of a nodal lymphoma using histology of small endoscopic biopsies alone, additional markers like CD10, CD75 and CD43 and proliferative activity may be of value. We assessed the expression of these antigens in MALT lymphoma and their usefulness in discriminating MALT lymphoma from follicular lymphoma and from gastritis.Methods and resultsTissue samples of 38 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were immunohistochemically stained for expression of CD10, CD75 and/or CD43. Proliferation index was scored using MIB‐1 staining. Ten cases of nodal follicle centre B‐cell lymphomas (n = 11) and 18 cases of high‐grade MALT lymphoma (n = 22) showed moderate to high CD75 expression (25‐100% positive cells). All tested low‐grade MALT lymphomas (n = 9) and chronic gastritis (n = 6) were negative (0‐25%) for CD75. All MALT lymphomas (n = 25) were negative for CD10. High‐grade lymphomas show significantly higher proliferation indices (67% vs. 16%) than low‐grade lymphomas. Only four of 26 MALT lymphomas were slightly positive for CD43. All gastritis biopsies (n = 4) were negative for CD43.ConclusionsThese data suggest that combining both CD10 and CD75 may be useful in discriminating between low‐grade MALT, high‐grade MALT lymphoma and extranodal location of follicular lymphoma. However, CD43 expression cannot in the majority of cases be used to distinguish between low‐grade MALT lymphoma and gastritis.
Factors affecting lynx predation on sheep in the French Jura
Authors: Stahl P. , Vandel J.M. , Ruette S. , Coat L. , Coat Y. , Balestra L. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn regions where sheep are kept in fenced pastures and do not graze unattended in carnivore habitats, sheep losses vary greatly between sites and livestock farms. To assess the factors that may predispose farms to lynx predation in the French Jura, we compared sheep availability and environmental characteristics between pastures with and without attacks in a 1800‐km2study area. Nine lynx were radio‐tracked in the same area for a total of 21 lynx years to estimate individual killing rates on sheep and to identify possible habitual livestock killers.Depending on individual and year, lynx predation rate on sheep within lynx home ranges varied between 0 and 12·4 attacks 100 days−1. Predation rate on sheep was not related to sheep abundance nor sheep dispersion in lynx home ranges. Two individuals became habitual sheep killers during, respectively, their third and fourth year of monitoring. Other lynx that had access to the same flocks were only occasional sheep killers. No obvious causal factor (e.g. sex, reproductive status, physical debilitation) explained the differential individual propensity for lynx to kill livestock.We found no difference in sheep availability between pastures with and without attacks, but strong differences in their environmental characteristics. In only 5·1% of 98 pastures > 250 m from a forest were sheep attacked by lynx. In 228 pastures adjacent or connected to forests by cover, 39·1% sustained attacks on sheep by lynx (P < 0·01). For these latter pastures, logistic regression showed a positive effect of their proximity to major forested areas (P < 0·01), absence of human dwellings (P < 0·01), local abundance of roe deer (P = 0·01) and the presence of attacked pastures in their vicinity (P = 0·03).These results suggests that lynx damage locally can be explained by a predictable set of habitat features that expose sheep on some pastures to risk, and by an unpredictable event, i.e. an individual developing regular predation on sheep.In grazing systems like the Jura, where unattended sheep are distributed patchily and individual problem lynx may appear, removing lynx or lowering density without differentiating individuals will be insufficient to limit conflicts. Selective removals could temporarily reduce predation but the site effect implies that durable management can arise only through improved shepherding. This might include guard dogs in the few local sites at risk and providing shelter for sheep at night when attacks are on the increase.
Near‐normal urinary albumin concentrations predict progression to diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Diabetes Group Regi  
Published: July 2002

SUMMARY Aims  To determine urinary albumin concentrations that predict progression to diabetic nephropathy and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy and identify baseline parameters associated with progression.Methods  One thousand two hundred and one Type 1 diabetic patients aged 35 years or younger at diagnosis attending six hospital diabetes clinics in Scotland and included on the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Diabetes Register were followed for a median (interquartile range) of 4.0 (2.5–5.5) years. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as the geometric mean of two consecutive urinary albumin values > 200 mg/l or a single value > 1000 mg/l. Retinopathy was defined as clinician‐determined maculopathy or proliferative retinopathy.Results  Forty‐six patients developed nephropathy (4%) and 98 retinopathy (8%). Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that a baseline urinary albumin concentration above 7.4 mg/l, longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c levels predicted the development of nephropathy. Higher baseline urinary albumin concentrations were the most powerful predictor for the development of nephropathy. Longer duration of diabetes, baseline blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg and higher HbA1c levels all predicted the development of sight‐threatening retinopathy whereas baseline urinary albumin concentration did not.Conclusions  Elevation of urinary albumin concentration just above the normal range is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Identifying patients with any abnormalities of urinary albumin excretion will provide a clear rationale for early therapeutic interventions.