bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized mobility hubs in urban residential neighborhoods improve the contribution of carsharing to sustainable mobility: findings from a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Czarnetzki Felix , Siek Florian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarsharing contributes to sustainable urban mobility by reducing private car ownership and use. Thus, policy-makers and planners need to know how cities can foster carsharing and the related benefits. Decentralized mobility hubs are an emerging approach to supporting carsharing. These hubs provide designated carsharing parking spots in the public street spaces of urban residential neighborhoods. The objective is to embed carsharing services into the immediate residential environments of urban households. Thus, the hubs are intended to make carsharing more accessible, reliable, and convenient. However, there is a lack of empirical insights into the impact of decentralized mobility hubs on carsharing. This research uses survey data on carsharing users in the inner city of Hamburg, Germany, to appreciate the actual effects of such hubs on car ownership, transport mode usage, and the perception of carsharing. Decentralized mobility hubs have existed in several high-density residential neighborhoods in Hamburg since 2017. Our findings suggest that the use of these hubs leads to a substantially more positive perception of carsharing and, as a consequence, to a greater willingness of carsharing users to forgo car ownership. Ultimately, by supporting the reduction of private car ownership, the hubs promote not only carsharing, but also the use of other sustainable modes of transportation.
Topologies on the real line
Authors: Mulero M. A. , Requejo B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe prove that if a topology on the real line endows it with a topological group structure (additive) for which the interval $$(0,+\infty )$$

(
0
,
+
∞
)

is an open set, so this topology is stronger than the usual topology. As a consequence we obtain characterizations of the usual topology as group topology and as ring topology. We also proved that if a topology on the real line is compatible with its usual lattice structure and is $$T_1$$

T
1

, so this topology is stronger than the usual topology, and as a consequence we obtain a characterization of the usual topology as lattice topology.
Sortals, bodies, and variables. A critique of Quine’s theory of reference
Authors: Glauer Ramiro , Hildebrandt Frauke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong the philosophical accounts of reference, Quine’s (1974)The Roots of Referencestands out in offering an integrated account of the acquisition of linguistic reference and object individuation. Based on a non-referential ability to distinguish bodies, the acquisition of sortals and quantification are crucial steps in learning to refer to objects. In this article, we critically re-assess Quine’s account of reference. Our critique will proceed in three steps with the aim of showing that Quine effectively presupposes what he sets out to explain, namely, reference to objects. We are going to argue (i) that sortals do not individuate, (ii) that bodies are already objects, and (iii) that the acquisition of variables presupposes a notion of identity. The result is diagnostic of a central desideratum for any theory of reference: an explanation of spatiotemporal object individuation.
Biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ’s thorn jujube) extracts for catalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa El Din , El-Maghrabi Nourhan , Hosny Mohamed , Fawzy Manal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the current work, various concentrations of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi were employed for the phytoreduction of graphene oxide (GO). The green synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was characterized through UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) denoted the presence of numerous phytoconstituents including ketones, terpenoids, fatty acids, esters, and flavonoids, which acted as reducing and capping agents. The obtained results indicated the increase in rGO yield and shape with increasing the extract concentration. The optimized rGO was instantaneously ~100% removed methylene blue (MB) from the water at 5 mg L−1. However, the removal efficiency was slightly declined to reach 73.55 and 65.1% at 10 and 15 mg L−1, respectively. A powerful antibacterial activity for rGO particularly against gram-negative bacteria with a high concentration of 2 × 108 CFU mL−1 was confirmed. Furthermore, rGO demonstrated promising and comparable antioxidant efficiency with vitamin C against DPPH free radical scavenging. While vitamin C recorded 13.45 and 48.4%, the optimized rGO attained 13.30 and 45.20% at 12 and 50 μg mL−1, respectively.
Capacity of countries to reduce biological invasions
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Seebens Hanno , Lenzner Bernd , Courchamp Franck , Dullinger Stefan , Golivets Marina , Kühn Ingolf , Leung Brian , Roura-Pascual Núria , Cebrian Emma , Dawson Wayne , Diagne Christophe , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Pérez-Granados Cristian , Moser Dietmar , Turbelin Anna , Visconti Piero , Essl Franz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe extent and impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity are largely shaped by an array of socio-economic and environmental factors, which exhibit high variation among countries. Yet, a global analysis of how these factors vary across countries is currently lacking. Here, we investigate how five broad, country-specific socio-economic and environmental indices (Governance, Trade, Environmental Performance, Lifestyle and Education, Innovation) explain country-level (1) established alien species (EAS) richness of eight taxonomic groups, and (2) proactive or reactive capacity to prevent and manage biological invasions and their impacts. These indices underpin many aspects of the invasion process, including the introduction, establishment, spread and management of alien species. They are also general enough to enable a global comparison across countries, and are therefore essential for defining future scenarios for biological invasions. Models including Trade, Governance, Lifestyle and Education, or a combination of these, best explained EAS richness across taxonomic groups and national proactive or reactive capacity. Historical (1996 or averaged over 1996–2015) levels of Governance and Trade better explained both EAS richness and the capacity of countries to manage invasions than more recent (2015) levels, revealing a historical legacy with important implications for the future of biological invasions. Using Governance and Trade to define a two-dimensional socio-economic space in which the position of a country captures its capacity to address issues of biological invasions, we identified four main clusters of countries in 2015. Most countries had an increase in Trade over the past 25 years, but trajectories were more geographically heterogeneous for Governance. Declines in levels of Governance are concerning as they may be responsible for larger levels of invasions in the future. By identifying the factors influencing EAS richness and the regions most susceptible to changes in these factors, our results provide novel insights to integrate biological invasions into scenarios of biodiversity change to better inform decision-making for policy and the management of biological invasions.
Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003–2019
Authors: Coates T. Adam , Ford W. Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOverstory basal area, ericaceous shrub cover (Kalmia latifolia L. and Rhododendron maximum L.), and fuels (i.e., woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, in 2003 − 2004. Due to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region (including Great Smoky Mountains National Park), the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs, and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière), these same ecosystem components were again assessed in 2019. Elevation and moisture regime (xeric, intermediate, and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential factors. An evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period, but increased as elevation increased, and moisture regime (xeric O Horizon thickness > mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant, related factor. The sum of 1-, 10-, and 100-h fuel loads (fuels less < 7.6 cm diameter) increased, whereas woody fuel depth decreased over the 16-year period. No significant changes in 1000-h fuel loads (> 7.6 cm diameter), total woody fuel loads, ericaceous shrub cover, total basal area, or live T. canadensis basal area were observed. Live T. canadensis basal area decreased with increasing elevation. Dead, standing T. canadensis basal area increased from 2003–2019, and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate sites. Overall, we found that: 1. hypothesized increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present; and 2. elevation and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.
Centrality and interhemispheric coordination are related to different clinical/behavioral factors in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Tarchi Livio , Damiani Stefano , Fantoni Teresa , Pisano Tiziana , Castellini Giovanni , Politi Pierluigi , Ricca Valdo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eigenvector-Centrality (EC) has shown promising results in the field of Psychiatry, with early results also pertaining to ADHD. Parallel efforts have focused on the description of aberrant interhemispheric coordination in ADHD, as measured by Voxel-Mirrored-Homotopic-Connectivity (VMHC), with early evidence of altered Resting-State fMRI. A sample was collected from the ADHD200-NYU initiative: 86 neurotypicals and 89 participants with ADHD between 7 and 18 years old were included after quality control for motion. After preprocessing, voxel-wise EC and VMHC values between diagnostic groups were compared, and network-level values from 15 functional networks extracted. Age, ADHD severity (Connor’s Parent Rating-Scale), IQ (Wechsler-Abbreviated-Scale), and right-hand dominance were correlated with EC/VMHC values in the whole sample and within groups, both at the voxel-wise and network-level. Motion was controlled by censoring time-points with Framewise-Displacement > 0.5 mm, as well as controlling for group differences in mean Framewise-Displacement values. EC was significantly higher in ADHD compared to neurotypicals in the left inferior Frontal lobe, Lingual gyri, Peri-Calcarine cortex, superior and middle Occipital lobes, right inferior Occipital lobe, right middle Temporal gyrus, Fusiform gyri, bilateral Cuneus, right Precuneus, and Cerebellum (FDR-corrected-p = 0.05). No differences were observed between groups in voxel-wise VMHC. EC was positively correlated with ADHD severity scores at the network level (at p-value < 0.01, Inattentive: Cerebellum rho = 0.273; Hyper/Impulsive: High-Visual Network rho = 0.242, Cerebellum rho = 0.273; Global Index Severity: High-Visual Network rho = 0.241, Cerebellum rho = 0.293). No differences were observed between groups for motion (p = 0.443). While EC was more related to ADHD psychopathology, VMHC was consistently and negatively correlated with age across all networks.
Production of highly purified zirconium oxide from zircon mineral leach liquor using bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a promising extractant
Authors: Ali A. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, efficiency of the used organic solvent for recovering, separating and producing highly purified zirconium oxide from zirconium chloride leach liquor of Rosetta white zircon concentrate was investigated. Zircon mineral was thermally decomposed with caustic soda, cooled, washed with distilled water and then dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Zirconium extraction efficiency reached 91.4% using 10% bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate dissolved in kerosene, 15 min contact time and volume phase ratio O/A 1:1 after 3 stages. Zirconium re-extraction efficiency reached 99.95% using the following optimum conditions 4 molL−1 H2SO4 as an effective stripping agent, 15 min contact time and volume phase ratio O:A 1:1 after 2 stages. Finally, Zr (OH)4 was precipitated in presence and absence of H2O2 by NH4OH solution, filtrated, rinsed with double distilled H2O to remove any impurities several times and dehydrated at 200 °C for 2 h. From XRF and EDAX analysis the produced zirconium oxide in presence of H2O2 is purer than that produced in absence of H2O2.
Assessment in mathematics: a study on teachers’ practices in times of pandemic
Authors: Cusi Annalisa , Schacht Florian , Aldon Gilles , Swidan Osama 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLockdowns imposed by many countries on their populations at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis forced teachers to adapt quickly and without adequate preparation to distance teaching. In this paper, we focus on one of the most formidable challenges that teachers faced during the lockdowns and even in the post-lockdown emergency period, namely, developing assessment that maintains the pedagogical continuity that educational institutions typically require. Based on the results of a previous study, focused on the analysis of answers to an open-ended questionnaire administered to a population of 700 teachers from France, Germany, Israel and Italy, a semi-structured interview series was designed and implemented by the authors of this paper with a small group of teachers. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed according to the interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology, with the aim of investigating teachers’ own perspectives on the following: (a) the difficulties with which they had to contend, with respect to the question of assessment; (b) the techniques adopted to deal with these difficulties; and (c) the ways in which the lockdown experience could affect the future evolution of teachers’ assessment practices. This analysis supported us in formulating hypotheses concerning the possible long-term effects of lockdown on modes of assessment in mathematics.
Impact of Traumatic Material on Professionals in Analytical and Secondary Investigative Roles Working in Criminal Justice Settings: a Qualitative Approach
Authors: Duran Fazeelat , Woodhams Jessica 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Professionals in analytical and secondary investigative roles are exposed to violent material on a daily basis with full immersion in the details of serious offenses. However, there is limited evidence of the impact of this on their mental health. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of traumatic material on the mental health of these professionals in police and law enforcement and the strategies they employ to cope with the nature of their work. Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with these professionals from UK, Canada, and Europe. Five key themes were identified: “Analyzing material,” “Negative Influences,” “Coping Strategies,” “Additional Risk Factors,” and “Protective Factors.” From the findings, it is evident that these professionals are at significant risk of developing secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and sleep problems. The constant exposure to this material negatively influenced their feelings about their home and social lives. The implications of these findings and avenues for providing a supportive working environment are discussed.
The relation of school achievement with self-esteem and bullying in Chilean children
Authors: Álvarez Carolina , Szücs Dénes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf-esteem and bullying and academic achievement measures are related in Western countries. However, evidence from other culture spaces is extremely sparse. To fill this gap, here, we analyze a wide range of relevant measures from 8,381 8- to 12-year-old Latin American children enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey in Chile. We considered the relationship of math achievement, receptive vocabulary, Grade Point Average (GPA), self-esteem and bullying. We found positive relationships between most achievement measures, and a negative relationship between self-esteem and bullying. Unlike the international literature, we found a stronger relationship between self-esteem and GPA, and a weaker relationship between bullying and GPA. Findings suggest that children’s learning and their experiences at school are connected. Results provide useful information for stakeholders.
Benefits and harms of social media use: A latent profile analysis of emerging adults
Authors: Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Wang Yu-Wei , Callaway Julia , Abebe Israel , Cruz Tiana , O’Connor Seini 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rise in social media use among emerging adults in the United States has been well-documented, but researchers are still working on identifying how the type—not just the frequency—of use impacts psychological well-being. We identified “profiles” of social media use among young adults based on the frequency and purposes of use, and examined their associations with benefits and harms to psychosocial well-being, using data from 2828 incoming undergraduate students (Mage = 18.29 years; age range: 17 to 25 years). Using Latent Profile Analysis, we identified three unique profiles of individuals who used social media with varying levels of intensity across different purposes: Active Users (32.4%), Passive Users (25.3%), and Average Users (42.4%). Each profile was associated with varying levels of beneficial and harmful psychosocial outcomes. Compared to Average Users, (a) Active Users reported significantly better psychosocial well-being, but also more harmful outcomes; and (b) Passive Users experienced significantly lower levels of perceived social media benefits and social connectedness, while also reporting less problematic social media use and social media stress. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Cobalt-iron oxide/black phosphorus nanosheet heterostructure: Electrosynthesis and performance of (photo-)electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhao Man , Cheng Xiaoru , Xiao He , Gao Jianru , Xue Shoufeng , Wang Xiaoxia , Wu Haishun , Jia Jianfeng , Yang Nianjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly active, stable, and cut-price (photo-)electrocatalysts are desired to overwhelm high energy barriers for anodic oxygen evolution reaction processes. Herein, a heterostructure of cobalt-iron oxide/black phosphorus nanosheets is in-situ synthesized via a facile and novel three-electrode electrolysis method. Bulky black phosphorus is exfoliated into its nanosheets at the cathode while the CoFe oxide is derived directly from the metal wire anode during the electrolysis process. This heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, and the overpotential at 10 mA·cm−2 is 51 mV lower than that of the commercial RuO2 catalyst. Its superior OER performance stems from the favorable adsorption behavior and an enlarged electrochemical active surface area of the catalyst. To reveal the origin of excellent OER performance from the point of adsorption strength of OH*, methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) test is applied under the identified OER operating conditions. Further introduction of light illumination enhances the OER activity of this heterostructure. The overpotential drops down to 280 mV, benefiting from pronounced photochemical response of black phosphorus nanosheets and iron oxide inside the heterostructure. This work develops a new electrochemical method to construct high performance and light-sensitive heterostructures from black phosphorus nanosheets for the OER.
Long-term English Learners: Untangling Language Acquisition and Learning Disabilities
Authors: Rhinehart Laura V. , Bailey Alison L. , Haager Diane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudents who have remained classified as English Learners (ELs) for more than six years are often labeled “Long-term English Learners” (LTELs). The present study examined the English Language Development (ELD) test scores and demographic information in a group of 560 students identified as LTELs. Despite assumptions that these students are still learning English, results showed many students who are labeled LTELs exhibited advanced English skills, especially on measures of expressive and receptive oral language (i.e., speaking and listening subtests). At the same time, ELD assessments showed many of these students struggled with literacy skills, especially reading. Perhaps due to these overlapping circumstances, we found many LTELs were also identified with learning disabilities. Based on these findings, we explored the impact of restricting domains needed for reclassification as English proficient on reclassification rates. Compared with existing decision rules in the students’ state, proposed models allow many more LTELs to reclassify as English proficient, and most LTELs not reclassifying are students in special education. Discussion focuses on interpreting ELD scores for students who have remained classified as ELs for more than a few years.
Platelet Transfusion for Trauma Resuscitation
Authors: Starr Nichole , Matthay Zachary , Fields Alexander , Neal Matthew D. , Kornblith Lucy Zumwinkle 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review the role of platelet transfusion in resuscitation for trauma, including normal platelet function and alterations in behavior following trauma, blood product transfusion ratios and the impact of platelet transfusion on platelet function, platelet function assays, risks of platelet transfusion and considerations for platelet storage, and potential adjunct therapies and synthetic platelets.

Recent Findings
Platelets are a critical component of clot formation and breakdown following injury, and in addition to these hemostatic properties, have a complex role in vascular homeostasis, inflammation, and immune function. Evidence supports that platelets are activated following trauma with several upregulated functions, but under conditions of severe injury and shock are found to be impaired in their hemostatic behaviors. Platelets should be transfused in balanced ratios with red blood cells and plasma during initial trauma resuscitation as this portends improved outcomes including survival. Multiple coagulation assays can be used for goal-directed resuscitation for traumatic hemorrhage; however, these assays each have drawbacks in terms of their ability to measure platelet function. While resuscitation with balanced transfusion ratios is supported by the literature, platelet transfusion carries its own risks such as bacterial infection and lung injury. Platelet supply is also limited, with resource-intensive storage requirements, making exploration of longer-term storage options and novel platelet-based therapeutics attractive. Future focus on a deeper understanding of the biology of platelets following trauma, and on optimization of novel platelet-based therapeutics to maintain hemostatic effects while improving availability should be pursued.

Summary
While platelet function is altered following trauma, platelets should be transfused in balanced ratios during initial resuscitation. Severe injury and shock can impair platelet function, which can persist for several days following the initial trauma. Assays to guide resuscitation following the initial period as well as storage techniques to extend platelet shelf life are important areas of investigation.