bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does gestational diabetes increase the risk of maternal kidney disease? A Swedish national cohort study
Authors: Barrett Peter M. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Evans Marie , Kublickas Marius , Perry Ivan J. , Stenvinkel Peter , Kublickiene Karolina , Khashan Ali S. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. It is uncertain whether GDM is independently associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease. The aim was to examine the association between GDM and maternal CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and to determine whether this depends on progression to overt T2DM.

Methods
A population-based cohort study was designed using Swedish national registry data. Previous GDM diagnosis was the main exposure, and this was stratified according to whether women developed T2DM after pregnancy. Using Cox regression models, we estimated the risk of CKD (stages 3–5), ESKD and different CKD subtypes (tubulointerstitial, glomerular, hypertensive, diabetic, other).

Findings
There were 1,121,633 women included, of whom 15,595 (1·4%) were diagnosed with GDM. Overall, GDM-diagnosed women were at increased risk of CKD (aHR 1·81, 95% CI 1·54–2·14) and ESKD (aHR 4·52, 95% CI 2·75–7·44). Associations were strongest for diabetic CKD (aHR 8·81, 95% CI 6·36–12·19) and hypertensive CKD (aHR 2·46, 95% CI 1·06–5·69). These associations were largely explained by post-pregnancy T2DM. Among women who had GDM + subsequent T2DM, strong associations were observed (CKD, aHR 21·70, 95% CI 17·17–27·42; ESKD, aHR 112·37, 95% CI 61·22–206·38). But among those with GDM only, associations were non-significant (CKD, aHR 1·11, 95% CI 0·89–1·38; ESKD, aHR 1·58, 95% CI 0·70–3·60 respectively).

Conclusion
Women who experience GDM and subsequent T2DM are at increased risk of developing CKD and ESKD. However, GDM-diagnosed women who never develop overt T2DM have similar risk of future CKD/ESKD to those with uncomplicated pregnancies.
SPiNCAR: A systematic model to evaluate and guide actions for tackling AMR
Authors: Bravo Giulia , Cattani Giovanni , Malacarne Francesca , Tricarico Pierfrancesco , Arnoldo Luca , Brunelli Laura , Zotti Carla , Moro Maria Luisa , Diegoli Giuseppe , Pezzotti Patrizio , Bella Antonino , Pantosti Annalisa , Punzo Ornella , Grossi Adriano , Barchitta Martina , Agodi Antonella , Castellini Greta , Marrazzo Matteo , Auxilia Francesco , Cavallaro Gianluca , Alborali Giovanni Loris , Mazzolini Elena , Brusaferro Silvio 
Published: March 2022

Background
Italy records very alarming levels antimicrobial resistance (AMR), so a National Action Plan on Antimicrobial resistance (PNCAR) was developed, adopting the AMR European Union’s recommendations based on the results of the ECDC site visit of January 2017. For achieving PNCAR objectives, it is necessary to support and harmonize the implementation of recommendations in all the different healthcare levels (regional authorities and local trusts), so the SPiNCAR project was launched to create a tool for reaching this goal.

Methods
We developed a framework based on a scientific literature and national and international guidelines. Firstly, we identified the major intervention areas for tackling AMR, then, for each area, we built a set of standards, both for regional authorities than for local trusts. Every standard is composed by a set of essential and additional criteria, which refer to a minimum or supplemental performance level respectively. The contents were firstly discussed by the project’s team during face-to-face kick-off meetings, then confirmed with Delphi methodology and finally validated through a pilot study.

Results
The final framework consists of seven different areas that reflect the PNCAR structure: Governance, Surveillance and Monitoring, Appropriate Use of antimicrobials, Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) control and prevention, Education and Training, Alliance among Stakeholders, Implementation. The total number of standards for the regional framework was 34 with 264 criteria and for the local version 36 criteria with 279 standards.

Conclusion
The ongoing use of this tool, developed on international evidences and recommendations that were tailored on the Italian specific context, allows monitoring the improvement achieved over time and plan the next steps.
Screen-detected abnormal ankle brachial index: A risk indicator for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jagt Vivianne L. , Hazenberg Constantijn E. V. B. , Kapelle Jaap , Cramer Maarten J. , Visseren Frank L. J. , Westerink Jan ,   on behalf of the UCC-SMART Study Group
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The ankle brachial index (ABI) can be used to diagnose peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The clinical relevance of the ABI, especially in patients with known clinically manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD), is unknown. The authors set out to investigate the relationship between a screen-detected ABI and the risk for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with clinically manifest CVD.

Design, materials and methods
Patients with clinically manifest CVD were selected from the UCC-SMART cohort (n = 8360) and divided into four groups: normal ABI (0.91–1.39), screen-detected low ABI ≤ 0.9, screen-detected high ABI ≥ 1.4, and patients with known PAD irrespective of their ABI. Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios (HRs) for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), Major Adverse Limb Events (MALE), and all-cause mortality were calculated. In addition, stratified analyses for women and men and for the presence of diabetes were performed.

Results
During a median follow-up of 8.3 years (IQR 7.7) 1646 MACE, 601 MALE and 1958 all-cause mortalities were observed. Compared with normal ABI patients, patients with a screen-detected low ABI and patients with manifest PAD had a higher risk of MACE, MALE, and all-cause mortality with HRs of 1.9 (95% CI 1.6–2.2) for MACE, 7.6 (95% CI 5.7–10.1) for MALE, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5–2.0) for mortality and 1.3 (95% CI 1.2–1.5) for MACE, 13.8 (95% CI 11.1–17.1) for MALE, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5–1.9) for mortality, respectively. Screen-detected high ABI did not increase the risk of either MACE or MALE, however, was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality with a HR of 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9). Stratified analyses for women & men and for diabetes status were comparable for all three outcomes.

Conclusions
In patients with manifest CVD but without PAD, a screen-detected low ABI is a powerful risk indicator for cardiovascular events, limb events, and all-cause mortality.
Nurse’s spiritual care competence in Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Seid Kalid , Abdo Adem 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMany health care professionals emphasize that spirituality is an important factor in overall health. Although spiritual practices are vital to health, spirituality has received little emphasis in nursing. Hence, the study’s purpose has been to evaluate the current state of spiritual care competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsFrom July 1 to 20, 2021, nurses at five hospitals in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. The study subjects were chosen using a systematic random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was undertaken to gather the data. Epi Data 3.1 was used to code the dataset, and SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with spiritual care competence, researchers performed bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. The significance level was set at p<0.05.ResultsThree hundred sixty-seven nurses attended in the study, giving a 91.06, percent rate of response. The mean spiritual care competence score among healthcare professionals was 3.14±0.74. Age (p<0.05), and training in spiritual care (p<0.05) were significantly associated with spiritual care competence.ConclusionsSpiritual care competence was moderate among the nurses. Spiritual care competence varies in accordance with a number of factors, including age, and training in spiritual care. Nurses are better suited to focus on the spiritual health of clients, which necessitates the provision of spiritual care competence training for nurses.
Utility of machine learning in developing a predictive model for early-age-onset colorectal neoplasia using electronic health records
Authors: Hussan Hisham , Zhao Jing , Badu-Tawiah Abraham K. , Stanich Peter , Tabung Fred , Gray Darrell , Ma Qin , Kalady Matthew , Clinton Steven K. 
Published: March 2022

Background and aims
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in adults younger than 50, and early screening remains challenging due to cost and under-utilization. To identify individuals aged 35–50 years who may benefit from early screening, we developed a prediction model using machine learning and electronic health record (EHR)-derived factors.

Methods
We enrolled 3,116 adults aged 35–50 at average-risk for CRC and underwent colonoscopy between 2017–2020 at a single center. Prediction outcomes were (1) CRC and (2) CRC or high-risk polyps. We derived our predictors from EHRs (e.g., demographics, obesity, laboratory values, medications, and zip code-derived factors). We constructed four machine learning-based models using a training set (random sample of 70% of participants): regularized discriminant analysis, random forest, neural network, and gradient boosting decision tree. In the testing set (remaining 30% of participants), we measured predictive performance by comparing C-statistics to a reference model (logistic regression).

Results
The study sample was 55.1% female, 32.8% non-white, and included 16 (0.05%) CRC cases and 478 (15.3%) cases of CRC or high-risk polyps. All machine learning models predicted CRC with higher discriminative ability compared to the reference model [e.g., C-statistics (95%CI); neural network: 0.75 (0.48–1.00) vs. reference: 0.43 (0.18–0.67); P = 0.07] Furthermore, all machine learning approaches, except for gradient boosting, predicted CRC or high-risk polyps significantly better than the reference model [e.g., C-statistics (95%CI); regularized discriminant analysis: 0.64 (0.59–0.69) vs. reference: 0.55 (0.50–0.59); P<0.0015]. The most important predictive variables in the regularized discriminant analysis model for CRC or high-risk polyps were income per zip code, the colonoscopy indication, and body mass index quartiles.

Discussion
Machine learning can predict CRC risk in adults aged 35–50 using EHR with improved discrimination. Further development of our model is needed, followed by validation in a primary-care setting, before clinical application.
New speakers and Language Making: conscious creation of a colloquial Basque register in the city of Bilbao
Authors: Lantto Hanna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines the processes of Language and Speaker Making in the revitalization context of the Basque Country. The focus is on a group of new Basque speakers who, as active agents, engage in grassroots Language Making by literally making their own variety of colloquial Basque for their intragroup use. Due to a tradition of speaking the minority language in tight-knit communities, the Basque community places a high value on local solidarity. The Basque standard Batua and new speakers of Basque are not considered as authentic as the traditional speakers and their local vernaculars. The new Basque speakers described in the article are language activists who, conscious of the perceived formality of Batua, construct their group register mixing and matching resources from Spanish, Basque dialects and the Basque standard. They flaunt their verbal dexterity in performative language play, yet at the same time pay respect to the Basque tradition of local linguistic practice. In this process, they combine old and new values of being euskaldun, and claim their identity as new and urban, yet full speakers of Basque.
Physical meaning of cutting edge length and limited applications of Specific Edge Load in low consistency pulp refining
Authors: Liu Huan , Roux Jean-Claude , Dong Jixian , Duan Chuanwu , Qi Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpecific edge load (SEL) is the extensively employed theory to characterize the refining results in low consistency pulp refining. But the physical meaning of its core parameter, cutting edge length (LC{L_{C}}), is not very clear, resulting in the limited applications ofSELin pulp refining. In this study, the physical meaning ofLC{L_{C}}was investigated in two aspects, total bar sliding length per cycle and total equivalent bar length, as well as the application of two refining intensities related to it,SELand the net tangential force per bar crossing zone (ftnet{f_{t}^{\mathrm{net}}}). After the comparison of the refining intensities and the experimental results, it was foundSELcalculated by theLC{L_{C}}with physical meanings can only properly characterize the results of the pulp refining conducted by straight bar plates with constant angular parameters. While, for the situations of varied angular parameters, theftnet{f_{t}^{\mathrm{net}}}and Modified Edge Load (MEL), calculated by the edge length expanded empirically by Meltzer, can also better characterize the refining process, either for the evolution of fiber length or the global refining effect (pulp Schopper Riegler). In addition, the application offtnet{f_{t}^{\mathrm{net}}}can be potentially expanded to other refiner plates to gain a better understanding and optimization of the pulp refining process.
Identity construction and its collocation networks: a cross-register analysis of the finance domain
Authors: Dong Jihua , Buckingham Louisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the use of explicit manifestations of authorial identity (namely self-mention pronouns) and their collocation networks in academic and workplace written texts. Based on a purpose-built corpus of research articles and the Hong Kong Financial Services Corpus (HKFSC), this study used Antconc and Graphcoll to extract and analyze the pronouns and their collocation networks. The statistical analysis shows that the academic register contains significantly more self-mention pronouns than the workplace corpus, which can be attributed to a stronger tendency towards self-positioning. We also identified significant register-specific semantic features of the collocation networks of self-mention pronouns. These findings contribute to our understanding of how self-mention pronouns operate in tandem with their surrounding context in register-specific discourse. Pedagogically, the findings can be useful for workshop-based training for finance students and early-career professionals in this domain to support the development of the discipline-specific writing skills needed for careers in academia and industry.
Representación social y procesos de búsqueda de población migrante centroamericana desaparecida en su tránsito por México
Authors: Salazar Araya Sergio 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
El trabajo describe la pugna de representación y búsqueda de personas migrantes centroamericanas desaparecidas en su tránsito por México, en la que participan actores estatales, criminales y sociales. Entre los últimos, destacan los Comités de Familiares de Migrantes Desaparecidos.
Objetivo
El artículo apunta a mostrar cómo desde un saber-poder estatal (técnico y estadístico), se construye una noción de desaparición que oculta su dimensión estructural y pretende instalarse en el sentido común, mientras es enfrentada por estrategias de visibilización de organizaciones de familiares que representan la desaparición no como las cifras aisladas (discurso oficial), sino desde la ausencia sistemática y como parte de un dolor social más amplio.
Método
Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y crítica, se analizan datos generados mediante trabajo de campo etnográfico y documental durante 2014-2015 en Honduras y México. Estos son abordados mediante análisis crítico del discurso y una reconstrucción etnográfica y política del despliegue estratégico de los Comités de Familiares de Migrantes Desaparecidos.
Resultados
El fenómeno de la desaparición de personas migrantes se desarrolla en un campo transnacional en el que se disputan dinámicas de movilidad y circulación de personas y cosas, y que está definido por dinámicas estatales, geopolíticas, criminales y culturales asociadas al accionar de actores narco-estatales.
Conclusiones
La irrupción de los Comités de Familiares de Migrantes Desaparecidos en el campo transnacional implica estrategias de territorialización, incidencia y búsqueda, así como formas de enunciación que contestan directamente a las representaciones oficiales sobre el fenómeno de la desaparición de personas migrantes.
Vivencias de mujeres mapuche en Olavarría. Un abordaje etnográfico sobre ontologías múltiples
Authors: Lencina Rocio 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
En este artículo se presentan avances de la tesis doctoral en Antropología, investigación que considera como área de estudio la ciudad de Olavarría (Buenos Aires, Argentina) donde habitan mujeres que asumen una identidad indígena (mapuche) y que están desarrollando, como tales, un rol activo en la comunidad.
Objetivo principal
El objetivo principal consiste en comprender de qué manera las mujeres mapuches se apropian, re-significan y ponen en valor el legado cultural ancestral, recuperando sus vivencias (pasadas y actuales) en torno a la cosmovisión mapuche.
Método y técnica
Este estudio se sustenta en un abordaje cualitativo desde un enfoque etnográfico, basado en técnicas tales como la entrevista y la observación participante, así como también el relevamiento y análisis de fuentes documentales.
Resultados
Se recuperan ciertos aspectos del legado cultural ancestral vinculados con prácticas rituales expresadas en ceremonias y eventos cotidianos para pensarlas desde la dimensión ontológica de los procesos socioculturales retomados por las entrevistadas. Los principales resultados permiten reflexionar sobre la circularidad como principio (espacial y temporal) y simbología, el rol de las prácticas ceremoniales y rituales para la vida cotidiana y su re-significación en un contexto urbano, la centralidad de la vinculación con las fuerzas de la naturaleza, entre otros.
[Continúa leyendo en el artículo]
Análisis de la comunidad de estudiantes, graduados y docentes de la Sede del Sur de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 2006 – 2019
Authors: Fonseca Zúñiga Edgardo 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
El presente artículo expone los resultados del análisis de la evolución experimentada por la comunidad de estudiantes, graduados y docentes de la Sede del Sur de la Universidad de Costa Rica, desde su fundación en 2006 hasta el año 2019.
Objetivos
Se analiza la comunidad estudiantil con el propósito de caracterizar a las personas beneficiadas con el proceso de regionalización universitaria, observando su distribución por sexo, procedencia geográfica y condición de becado. Asimismo, la población graduada se estudia para determinar el impacto causado por la Sede en la Región Brunca. Por último, se examina al cuerpo docente a fin de observar el proceso de institucionalización experimentado por este centro de estudios.
Método y técnica
Se utilizaron las estadísticas de matrícula y graduación generadas por la Oficina de Registro e Información y el Panorama Cuantitativo de la Oficina de Planificación Universitaria, ambas, instituciones de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Resultados
Destaca el crecimiento de la Sede, la cual cambió de 21 estudiantes y una carrera en 2006 a 450 estudiantes y cinco carreras en 2019. Esto se demuestra en un aumento considerable en la matrícula y personas graduadas, ambas con mayor presencia de mujeres y estudiantes procedentes de la Región Brunca; y un porcentaje considerable de estudiantes becados. En lo referente al cuerpo docente, la mayoría posee título de grado, con jornadas laborales fragmentadas.

[Continúa leyendo en el artículo]
Experiencias colectivas de reparación simbólica en familiares de víctimas de desaparición forzada en Argentina
Authors: Jean Jean Melina 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Tras la experiencia traumática que supuso la última dictadura en Argentina (1976-1983), desde la recuperación de la democracia hasta la actualidad se han dado numerosas experiencias de reparación simbólica en familiares de personas desaparecidas. Algunas han sido promovidas y gestionadas por el Estado, otras por organizaciones de derechos humanos, instituciones, o grupos culturales, como es nuestro caso de estudio: el Espacio de Cultura y Memoria El Rancho Urutaú de la ciudad de Ensenada (Provincia de Buenos Aires), en el cual las familias son invitadas a participar en la construcción y emplazamiento de murales que representan a sus seres queridos.
Objetivo principal: Analizar en el entorno familiar la participación, recepción y los efectos de estas prácticas de memoria colectiva.
Método y técnica: Partiendo de un análisis cualitativo y una perspectiva teórica basada en los estudios de memoria, nos focalizamos en el análisis de las memorias traumáticas y el trabajo de duelo con los aportes del psicoanálisis. Para ello, recurrimos a la observación participante y no participante y a entrevistas semi-estructuradas abordadas con la metodología de la historia oral.
Resultados: La indagación evidencia que estas prácticas reparatorias habilitan en las familias diversas formas de acercarse a la tramitación de la experiencia traumática a partir de compartir y construir memorias de manera colectiva.
[Continúe leyendo en el artículo]
Currículo oculto y no tan oculto de género en la educación superior
Authors: Piedra Durán Marcela 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: este artículo es producto de la investigación realizada para la Comisión de Género, Derechos Humanos e Interseccionalidad (COMGENDHI) de la Escuela de Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, la cual visibiliza cómo la desigualdad que enfrenta la población femenina también es resultado de una educación diferente, que si bien inicia en la familia también es resultado de su participación en el sistema educativo formal.
Objetivo: esta investigación busca servir de insumo en las discusiones sobre la eliminación progresiva del currículo oculto de género y la discriminación contras las mujeres en la comunidad universitaria.
Método: es resultado de la recopilación teórica, la búsqueda de investigaciones sobre el tema en otras universidades, principalmente mexicanas y españolas, así como la experiencia como docente y de estudiantes universitarias que se han acercado para expresar sus experiencias.
Resultados: la universidad reproduce las formas de pensar, ser y hacer de las personas, no solo por la influencia de los mensajes que se trasmiten, sino también porque representa un espacio social en donde se le da significado a todo aquello que se considera como algo dado y puede actuar como un espacio que legitima la desigualdad, la invisibilización y la violencia ejercida inter e intra-géneros a lo largo de todo el proceso educativo formal e informal.
[Continúa leyendo en el artículo]