bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A soy‐based jerky made from transglutaminase‐treated yuba film
Authors: Jin Ye , Song Ka‐Young , Kim Yookyung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYuba film was used as plant‐based jerky. To increase the cross‐linking of soy proteins, yuba films (Y) were treated with transglutaminase (TG) at different temperatures: 45°C (YT45), 50°C (YT50), and 55°C (YT55). FTIR confirmed the strongest cross‐linking effect of TG at 1632 and 1529 cm−1 in YT55 compared to YT45 and YT50. The free‐SH decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the ‐S‐S‐ cross‐linking increased in TG‐treated yuba jerky (YTs). The YT showed improved texture, cutting stress, and cohesiveness. The hardness of YTs was higher than that of Y (14.64 N). SEM showed that with increasing temperature, yuba jerky developed a smoother surface with a compact and denser network. Yuba jerky had high isoflavone and flavonoid. The aw of yuba jerky was between 0.861 and 0.886 during 6 days of storage at 25°C. Thus, YT has the potential to be used as a meat analog with good nutrients and shelf life.Novelty impact statementThis study used yuba film to develop a beef jerky analog. To improve the adhesiveness of the Yuba layer via the cross‐linking of soy protein, TG treatment was applied at different temperatures prior to vacuum packaging. Our results demonstrated that yuba jerky could be a potential choice as a meat analog with a softer texture and lower cutting stress and with similar chewiness to beef jerky by using TGase to improve cross‐linking of plant‐based proteins.
Effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) powders rich in vitamin D2
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Liu Yong , Zhang Ning , Xiong Shanqiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Junhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) powders (SMPs) rich in vitamin D2 were prepared by ultraviolet‐B irradiation and superfine grinding. And effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of SMPs was investigated. Results indicated that the specific surface area, cell wall breakage ratio, hydration characteristics, and thermal stability of SMPs increased significantly with decreasing particle size, while the oil holding capacity, fluidity, and bulk density decreased. Superfine grinding did not destroy the main chemical structure of SMPs and improved the solubility of proteins, polysaccharides, vitamin D2, and ergosterol of SMPs. The results have positive implications for the resource development of straw mushroom and the promotion of food products containing vitamin D2.Novelty impact statementThe conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D2 in straw mushroom was promoted by ultraviolet (UV)‐B irradiation. Straw mushroom powders (SMPs) rich in vitamin D2 were prepared by superfine grinding. The effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of SMPs rich in vitamin D2 for the first time.
Development and characterization of chitosan‐purple yam starch‐based biodegradable films: Physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and functional properties
Authors: Jha Pooja , Gokhale Jyoti S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurple yam is a root vegetable that is a rich source of starch, cost‐effective, readily available, and has promising film‐forming ability but is still an underutilized vegetable. The aim of this study was to utilize the purple yam starch in the chitosan‐based films along with hydrocolloids such as agar and almond gum. These hydrocolloids when incorporated could improve the physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties of the films. The effect of concentration of starch (0.25% to 0.75%), agar (1.25% to 1.75%), and almond gum (0.25% to 0.75%) on physicochemical (thickness, water activity, moisture content, color, solubility, biodegradability), mechanical (tensile strength and folding endurance), functional (Water vapor transfer rate, FTIR) and thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) properties of the film were studied. The experiments were carried out according to the three factor‐three level Box–Behnken response surface design. The results showed that moisture content, water vapor transfer rate, biodegradability, and folding endurability were significantly affected by all three independent parameters viz. starch, agar, and almond gum concentration. Films made were more hydrophilic as compared to only chitosan films; which increased their solubility. An increase in hydrocolloid content reduced lightness, producing yellow‐colored films. It can be concluded that the chitosan‐purple yam starch‐based films with hydrocolloids can positively affect the film properties and has the potential to be used in food packaging and/or coating applications.Novelty impact statementThe application of purple yam starch (PYS), an underutilized and non‐conventional starch source along with almond gum to increase the strength of chitosan‐based films has been studied. PYS ‐hydrocolloid‐chitosan film with good tensile strength, folding endurance and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were obtained and can be used for storing food products. Starch, agar and almond gum concentration significantly affected the moisture content, total color difference, WVTR, folding endurability, biodegradability, and water solubility.
Influence of conditioned medium from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue on lymphoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: de Castro Sofia Bevilaqua , Miguita Lucyene , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro , Aguiar Emília Maria Gomes , Siqueira Juliana Mota , de Morais Takano Nataly Harumi , da Silva Marcos Custódio Neto , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , de Oliveira Ana Paula Ligeiro , Nunes Fabio Daumas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Attention has been given to the role of inflammatory cells in carcinogenesis because of the ability of cancer cells to subvert the immune response. However, little is known about how molecules from neoplastic cells interact with lymphoblasts and circulating immune cells. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms by which SCC cells modulate the immune response by analyzing the influence of conditioned medium derived from SCC cell lines on immune cells.MethodsLymphoblastic cells (CEM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in a conditioned medium derived from squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC9 or SCC4) and analyzed for cell viability, CD4/CD8/FOXP3 profile by flow cytometry, and chemokine levels.ResultsConditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 presented higher concentrations of IL‐6 and IL‐8 than IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ. CEM and PBMCs when cultured with conditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 reduced IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IFN‐γ concentrations. Conditioned medium from SCC4 increased CD4+ population in both CEM and PBMCs, while in conditioned medium from SCC9 it occurred only in PBMCs. PBMCs when cultured with both conditioned mediums increased CD8+/FOXP3+cells. CEM cells when cultured with conditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 reduced.ConclusionCollectively, our results suggest that the products derived from squamous cell carcinoma on inflammatory cells can promote an immunosuppressed environment by reducing cell viability, changing cytokine expression, and altering the cell immunoprofile.
Stigmatising attitudes of probation, parole and custodial officers towards people with mental health issues: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oostermeijer Sanne , Morgan Amy J. , Ross Anna M. , Grimmond Tessa , Reavley Nicola J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThis review aimed to examine (1) stigmatising attitudes of probation, parole and custodial officers (hereafter referred to as correctional staff) towards people with mental health issues, (2) the potential impacts of these attitudes on client treatment and (3) what is currently known about anti‐stigma interventions in correctional settings.MethodAcademic databases were searched for peer‐reviewed and dissertation literature published between 1 January 2000 and 10 February 2022. Eligible studies included observational and intervention studies investigating stigmatising attitudes of correctional staff towards people with mental health issues. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of studies. A meta‐analysis of anti‐stigma intervention studies was performed.ResultsA total of 35 studies were included for data extraction, including eight interventions, one longitudinal, 18 cross‐sectional and eight qualitative studies. Some studies indicated neutral or positive attitudes, but the majority showed a range of stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental health issues. The findings indicate these stigmatising attitudes can lead to negative treatment of justice‐involved clients, such as more coercive, restrictive and punitive approaches. The meta‐analysis of six intervention studies focussed on education found a small positive effect on stigmatising attitudes (d = .31, 95% CI: 0.16–0.45).ConclusionThe various stigmatising attitudes of correctional staff towards people with mental health issues can have detrimental impacts on the well‐being and treatment outcomes of clients presenting with mental health issues. Anti‐stigma interventions may be effective in mitigating these impacts; however, more rigorous evidence is needed.
ALKBH9C, a potential RNA m6A demethylase, regulates the response of Arabidopsis to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid
Authors: Amara Umme , Shoaib Yasira , Kang Hunseung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough several studies have shown that AlkB homolog (ALKBH) proteins are potential RNA demethylases (referred to as ‘erasers’), biological functions of only a few ALKBH proteins have been characterized to date. In this study, we determined the function of ALKBH9C (At4g36090) in seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA). Seed germination of the alkbh9c mutant was delayed in response to salt, drought, cold and ABA. Moreover, seedling growth of the mutant was repressed under salt stress or ABA but enhanced under drought conditions. Notably, the stress‐responsive phenotypes were associated with the altered expression of several m6A‐modified transcripts related to salt, drought or ABA response. Global m6A levels were increased in the alkbh9c mutant, and ALKBH9C bound to m6A‐modified RNAs and had in vitro m6A demethylase activity, suggesting its potential role as an m6A eraser. The m6A levels in several stress‐responsive genes were increased in the alkbh9c mutant, and the stability of m6A‐modified transcripts was altered in the mutant. Collectively, our results suggest that m6A eraser ALKBH9C is crucial for seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis in response to abiotic stresses or ABA via affecting the stability of stress‐responsive transcripts.
Singlet Oxygen's Potential Role as aNonoxidativeFacilitator of Disulfide S–S Bond Rotation†
Authors: Turque Oliver , O'Connor Ryan M. , Greer Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of singlet oxygen potentially mediating increased conformational flexibility of a disulfide was investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the singlet oxygenation of 1,2‐dimethyldisulfane produces a peroxy intermediate. This intermediate adopts a structure with a longer S–S bond distance and a more planar torsional angleθ(C–S–S–C) compared with the nonoxygenated 1,2‐dimethyldisulfane. The lengthened S–S bond enables a facile rotation about the torsional angle in the semicircle region 0° < θ < 210°, that is ~5 kcal mol−1lower in energy than the disulfane. The peroxy intermediate bears nO → σS–Sand nO → σ*S–Sinteractions that stabilize the S–O bond but destabilize the S–S bond, which contrasts with stabilizing nS → σ*S–Shyperconjugative effects in the disulfane S–S bond. Subsequent departure of O2from the disulfane peroxy intermediate is reminiscent of peroxy intermediates which also expel O2, yet facilitatecis‐transisomerizations of stilbenes, hexadienes, cyanines, and carotenes. “Non‐oxidative”1O2interactions with a variety of bond types are currently underappreciated. We hope to raise awareness of how these interactions can help elucidate the origins of molecular twisting.
Cross‐country evidence on the relationship between global value chain position and the tail risk of insurers
Authors: Sun Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between insurance sectors' global value chain (GVC) positions and insurance firms' tail risk. Using a sample of 208 insurers from 25 countries between 2000 and 2015, we find that insurers' tail risk (i.e., expected shortfall, downside beta, and marginal expected shortfall) increases when an insurance sector's GVC upstreamness indices increase. This result suggests that when an insurance sector becomes more upstream in the global production network, the comovement between insurers' stock returns and the market returns become stronger and insurers become more exposed to market tail risk. By testing over a subsample of non‐US insurers and a sample period excluding the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, we show that our main results remain unchanged. We also use 2SLS with instrumental variables to address the potential endogeneity problem. Using the nonfinancial sectors' GVC positions as the instrumental variable, we find that the main results are robust to the bias associated with any endogeneity problem. This paper provides the first empirical evidence that highlights the role of GVC linkages in tail risk spillover among insurers around the globe. Our findings have important policy implications for the regulation of insurance firms.
Pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance in infections in migrants and nonmigrants in Denmark, a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nielsen Rikke Thoft , Köse Güldas , Sloth Louise , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate differences in bacterial distribution and resistance patterns of relevant pathogens in skin and tissue infections among migrants compared to nonmigrants.MethodsThe population is based on a cohort of migrants who obtained residence as refugees or family‐reunited migrants in Denmark between January 1993 and December 2015. The cohort was linked to positive swabs and tissue cultures collected from hospitals and general practitioners between the years 2000 and 2016 at the Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. We calculated odds ratios for pathogen distribution and resistance patterns using logistic regression by comparing migrants with nonmigrants.ResultsIn total, 43,770 pathogens from 37,276 individuals were included, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common bacterium. Migrants had higher odds of infections with Enterobacterales than nonmigrants (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.23–1.63) and lower odds of beta‐haemolytic Streptococci (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73–0.86). Family‐reunited migrants and refugees had higher odds of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) than nonmigrants (OR 5.01, 95% CI: 3.73–6.73 and OR 3.66, 95% CI: 2.61–5.13). This was more pronounced in female migrants. The odds of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Enterobacterales were higher in both family‐reunited migrants and refugees than in nonmigrants (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.34–3.64 and OR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.34–3.52).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MRSA and ciprofloxacin‐resistant Enterobacterales was higher among family‐reunited migrants and refugees than in nonmigrants. Our findings suggest an increased awareness for AMR in migrants.
The Dubious Perspective of the Eastern Partnership Countries Joining the European Union
Authors: Chytopoulou Eleni 
Published: September 2022

There were significant geopolitical shuffles in Europe in the early 1990s. The dissolution of the Soviet Union, the collapse of socialist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe & the disintegration of Yugoslavia emerged as severe threats to destabilizing the international system. Some European countries of the former Eastern Bloc joined the E.U. and NATO swiftly. In contrast, the adjacent countries to Russia of the so-called Eastern Partnership, even Russia in the early '90s, have shown interest in close cooperation with the West. However, the E.U.'s support for the Orange Revolution in Ukraine and the Rose Revolution in Georgia led to a loss of confidence. Discontent escalated, and the EU-Russia partnership froze after the occupation of Crimea and its annexation to Russia. Having recovered economically and politically, Russia seeks its restoration as a superpower and the rival U.S. In this perspective, Russia envisages perpetuating its influence on the countries that had been members of the Soviet Union. Presumably, Russia is directly or indirectly trying to impede the European course of the Eastern Partnership countries that have already declared an interest in becoming E.U. members. The developments in the most significant countries of the Eastern Partnership countries, Ukraine and Georgia, confirm the difficulties they face in claiming the right to join the E.U and N.A.T.O. Has the E.U. Enlargement to the East reached its limits? Can the Eastern Partnership countries ever become E.U. members?
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: September 2022

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4 Chris Mutseekwa, Bindura University of Science Education, ZimbabweFathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaGianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyHelena Reis, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PortugalIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKKendall Hartley, University of Nevada, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLisa Marie Portugal, American College of Education, USAMaria Rachel Queiroz, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BrazilMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMuhammad Haris Effendi-Hasibuan, Universitas Jambi, IndonesiaMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyWong Ken Keong, Inspectorate of School Sabah, MalaysiaYuChun Chen, Louisiana Tech University, USAYuxi Qiu, Florida International University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Effect of Compressor Unsteady Wakes on a Gas Turbine Combustor Flow
Authors: Soli Alessandro , Adoua Richard , Langella Ivan , Denman Paul , Garmory Andrew , Page Gary J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In gas turbines, combustor inlets are characterized by significant levels of unsteady circumferential distortion due to compressor wakes and secondary flows, together with additional radial nonuniformity induced by the adverse pressure gradients in the prediffuser. This can cause nonuniform velocity distributions across the fuel injector, although the exact interaction mechanism, and the effects it has on the downstream air–fuel mixing, is not fully understood. This paper investigates the flow in an a single sector of a fully featured isothermal rig comprising of compression and combustion systems, exploiting the synchronous coupling of a compressible unsteady RANS simulation with a low-Mach large eddy simulation (LES). Validation against five-hole probe measurements shows that the coupled approach can correctly predict distortion onset and development, with no solution discontinuity at the coupling interface, and is able to preserve unsteady information. The coupled prediction is then compared against a standalone combustor simulation carried out using a circumferentially uniform inlet profile, showing that the additional turbulence from the wakes interacts with the injector, reducing the coherence of the precessing vortex core (PVC) and potentially affecting the air–fuel mixing characteristics.
Fluid Dynamics of Turbine Rim Seal Structures: A Physical Interpretation Using URANS
Authors: De Cosmo Giove , Scobie James A. , Lock Gary D. , Sangan Carl M. , Carnevale Mauro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes modeling (URANS) is a valuable and cost-effective tool for computational fluid dynamics (CFD), including the investigation of mainstream–cavity interaction in turbines. Despite the gap in accuracy with higher order CFD methodologies, URANS is among the few simulation strategies of industrial interest suitable for predicting ingress/egress over a wide range of conditions. This paper presents a numerical study of the flow-field in the upstream double-radial seal of a 1.5 stage turbine. Various configurations are tested, including nonpurged and purged conditions. Rigor of the approach is ensured by a set of sensitivity analyses, allowing the delineation of a best practice on the use of URANS in rim seal simulations: this includes an assessment of the effects of sector size, cavity domain size, and blade count. Time-averaged and time-resolved flow predictions capture coherent structures in the rim gap. An association between the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of these structures and different ingress/egress mechanisms is proposed. Regions of enhanced radial activity are identified to correspond with the blade leading edges. A frequency analysis of unsteady pressure signals probed in the rim gap leads to a calculation of the structure number and speed. The structures are synchronous with the disk rotation for nonpurged cases but rotate at slower speed when purge is introduced. The relative number of blades and vanes directly influences the structure count and velocity. The configuration with no blades is characterized by the slowest structures. The calculations have been conducted at three different flow coefficients for the annulus flow. There is a reduction in radial activity and structure speed at lower flow coefficient, fundamentally related to the reduced pressure asymmetry and gradient of swirl across the rim seal.