bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of maternal depressive symptoms and traumatic events on early childhood mental health in conflict-affected Timor-Leste
Authors: Rees Susan J. , Mohsin Mohammed , Klein Louis , Steel Zachary , Tol Wietse , Dadds Mark , Eapen Valsamma , da Costa Zelia , Savio Elisa , Tam Natalino , Silove Derrick 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLongitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between maternal depression, trauma and childhood mental health in conflict-affected settings.AimsTo examine maternal depressive symptoms, trauma-related adversities and child mental health by using a longitudinal path model in conflict-affected Timor-Leste.MethodWomen were recruited in pregnancy. At wave 1, 1672 of 1740 eligible women were interviewed (96% response rate). The final sample comprised 1118 women with complete data at all three time points. Women were followed up when the index child was aged 18 months (wave 2) and 36 months (wave 3). Measures included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, lifetime traumatic events and the Child Behaviour Checklist. A longitudinal path analysis examined associations cross-sectionally and in a cross-lagged manner across time.ResultsMaternal depressive symptom score was associated with child mental health (cross-sectional association at wave 2, β = 0.35, P < 0.001; cross-sectional association at wave 3, β = 0.33, P < 0.001). The maternal depressive symptom score at wave 1 was associated with child mental health at wave 2 (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and the maternal depressive symptom score at wave 2 showed an indirect association with child mental health at wave 3 (indirect standardised coefficient 0.23, P < 0.001). There was a time-lagged relationship between child mental health at wave 2 and maternal depression at wave 3 (β = 0.08, P = 0.02).ConclusionsMaternal depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with child mental health, and traumatic events play a role. Maternal depression symptoms are also affected by child mental health. Findings suggest the need for skilled assessment for depression, trauma-informed maternity care and parenting support in a post-conflict country such as Timor-Leste.
Developing a Prediction Model for Identification of Distinct Perioperative Clinical Stages in Spine Surgery With Smartphone-Based Mobility Data
Authors: Ahmad Hasan S. , Yang Andrew I. , Basil Gregory W. , Joshi Disha , Wang Michael Y. , Welch William C. , Yoon Jang W. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Spine surgery outcomes assessment currently relies on patient-reported outcome measures, which satisfy established reliability and validity criteria, but are limited by the inherently subjective and discrete nature of data collection. Physical activity measured from smartphones offers a new data source to assess postoperative functional outcomes in a more objective and continuous manner.

OBJECTIVE:
To present a methodology to characterize preoperative mobility and gauge the impact of surgical intervention using objective activity data garnered from smartphone-based accelerometers.

METHODS:
Smartphone mobility data from 14 patients who underwent elective lumbar decompressive surgery were obtained. A time series analysis was conducted on the number of steps per day across a 2-year perioperative period. Five distinct clinical stages were identified using a data-driven approach and were validated with clinical documentation.

RESULTS:
Preoperative presentation was correctly classified as either a chronic or acute mobility decline in 92% of patients, with a mean onset of acute decline of 11.8 ± 2.9 weeks before surgery. Postoperative recovery duration demonstrated wide variability, ranging from 5.6 to 29.4 weeks (mean: 20.6 ± 4.9 weeks). Seventy-nine percentage of patients ultimately achieved a full recovery, associated with an 80% ± 33% improvement in daily steps compared with each patient's preoperative baseline (P = .002). Two patients subsequently experienced a secondary decline in mobility, which was consistent with clinical history.

CONCLUSION:
The perioperative clinical course of patients undergoing spine surgery was systematically classified using smartphone-based mobility data. Our findings highlight the potential utility of such data in a novel quantitative and longitudinal surgical outcome measure.
TRPM2 causes sensitization to oxidative stress but attenuates high-temperature injury in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Ehrlich Wiebke , Gahan James M. , Rentzsch Fabian , Kühn Frank J. P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In humans, the cation channel TRPM2 (HsTRPM2) has been intensively studied because it is involved in oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and also contributes to temperature regulation. The gating mechanism of TRPM2 is quite complex, with a C-terminally localized enzyme domain playing a crucial role. The analysis of orthologues of TRPM2, in particular from the distantly related marine invertebrate Nematostella vectensis (NvTRPM2), revealed that during evolution, the functional role of the endogenous enzyme domain of TRPM2 has undergone fundamental changes. In this study, we investigated whether these evolutionary differences also apply to the physiological functions of TRPM2. For this purpose, we generated a TRPM2 loss-of-function mutation in N. vectensis and compared the phenotypes of wild-type and mutant animals after exposure to either oxidative stress or high temperature. Our results show that under standard culture conditions, mutant animals are indistinguishable from wild-type animals in terms of morphology and development. However, exposure of the two experimental groups to different stressors revealed that TRPM2 causes sensitization to oxidative stress but attenuates high-temperature injury in N. vectensis. Therefore, NvTRPM2 plays opposite roles in the cellular response to these two different stressors. These findings reveal a similar physiological spectrum of activity of TRPM2 in humans and N. vectensis and open up the possibility of establishing N. vectensis as a model organism for the physiological function of TRPM2.
A test of context- and sex-dependent dopaminergic effects on the behavior of a gregarious bird, the common waxbill, Estrilda astrild
Authors: Trigo Sandra , Silva Paulo A. , Cardoso Gonçalo C. , Soares Marta C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The dopaminergic (DAergic) system has well-known influences on behavioral and cognitive functions. Previous work with common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) reported context-specific DAergic effects that could have been due to social environment. Manipulating the dopamine D2-like receptor family (D2R) pathways had opposing effects on behavior depending on whether waxbills were tested alone or in a small cage with a mirror as a social stimulus. As waxbills are highly gregarious, it was hypothesized that being alone or perceiving that they have a companion might explain this context dependence. To test context-dependent DAergic effects, we compared behavioral effects of D2R manipulation in waxbills in the same familiar environment, but either alone or with a familiar, same-sex companion. We found that D2R agonism decreased movement and feeding, similar to previous results when testing waxbills alone. However, contrary to the hypothesis of dependence on social context, we found that the behavioral effects of the D2R agonist were unchanged when waxbills were tested with a companion. The context dependence reported earlier might thus be due to other factors, such as the stress of being in a novel environment (small cage) or with an unfamiliar social stimulus (mirror image). In tests with a companion, we also found a sex-specific social effect of D2R manipulation: D2R blocking tended to decrease aggression in males but to increase it in females. Together with past work, our results suggest that DAergic effects on behavior involve different types of context or sex dependence.
Long-Term Cognitive Impairments of Sports Concussions in College-Aged Athletes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Redlinger Fanny , Sicard Veronik , Caron Gabriel , Ellemberg Dave 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term (3+ months) consequences of concussion across cognitive domains (processing speed, memory, attention, and executive functions) and subdomains in young adult athletes (university, professional, or recreational).

Methods
Six databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane List of Registered Trials) were searched for studies that compared cognitive performance between athletes with a history of concussion (HOC) and control athletes who never sustained a brain injury. Thus, the analyses were restricted to the studies investigating sports concussions.

Results
Nineteen studies, including 20 independent experiments with 1514 participants (521 HOC athletes, 1184 controls), were identified. Athletes from the HOC group sustained an average of 2.40 ± 0.99 concussions, with an average of 29.88 ± 19.26 months after injury. Importantly, all HOC athletes were tested at least 3 months after their most recent concussion. The results indicated significant medium-to-large group differences (Hedges’ g = 0.55–1.03; P values < 0.0001) for executive functions subdomains on both standardized clinical tests and screening tools. Specifically, HOC athletes had lower cognitive performance relative to controls in strategy generation/regulation, verbal set-shifting and interference management on standardized clinical tests (Regensburger verbal fluency S words and G/R words), and response inhibition (ImPACT Impulse Control composite) and prospective working memory (Cogstate two-back task) on screening tools. Encoding phase of visual memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test) on standardized clinical tests approached significance (Hedges’ g = 0.40; P values = 0.08).

Conclusions
The current findings provide a preliminary guideline to clinicians for the assessment of cognition in HOC athletes and inform future guidelines on common data elements of sport-related concussions.
Διερεύνηση της σχέσης μεταξύ της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης των διευθυντών με τη συλλογική αποτελεσματικότητα των εκπαιδευτικών και την επαγγελματική τους ικανοποίηση
Authors: Τσιγγίλης Νικόλαος , Καραμανέ Ευφημία , Κατσά Μαρία 
Published: February 2022

Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν να διερευνηθεί η σχέση μεταξύ της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης των διευθυντών όπως αυτή γίνεται αντιληπτή από τους εκπαιδευτικούς με τη συλλογική αίσθηση αποτελεσματικότητας και την επαγγελματική τους ικανοποίηση. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 205 εκπαιδευτικοί δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης δημοσίων σχολείων. Οι συμμετέχοντες συμπλήρωσαν το Ερωτηματολόγιο Συναισθηματικής Ικανότητας (Boyatzis et al., 2000), την Κλίμακα Συλλογικής Αποτελεσματικότητας (Tschannen-Moran & Barr, 2004) και το Ερωτηματολόγιο Καταγραφής της Επαγγελματικής Ικανοποίησης Εκπαιδευτικών (Γκόλια, 2014). Η ανάλυση διακύμανσης έδειξε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί δήλωσαν σχετικά υψηλές τιμές σε όλες τις διαστάσεις των εργαλείων μέτρησης. Από την εφαρμογή της ανάλυσης κανονικής συσχέτισης (canonical correlation analysis) φάνηκε ότι η συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη των διευθυντών συνδέεται θετικά και στατιστικά σημαντικά τόσο με τη συλλογική αποτελεσματικότητα των εκπαιδευτικών (rc=.633) όσο και με την ικανοποίηση που βιώνουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί από την εργασίας τους (rc=.754), ερμηνεύοντας το 23.3% και 22.1% της μεταβλητότητας των αντίστοιχα. Η διάσταση της συλλογικής αποτελεσματικότητας Πειθαρχία Μαθητών συνδέονταν πιο ισχυρά με τη συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη των διευθυντών απ’ ότι η διάσταση Στρατηγικές Διδασκαλίας. Επιπλέον, η συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη των διευθυντών φαίνεται να συνδέεται με όλες τις διαστάσεις της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης, με την πιο δυνατή σχέση να αφορά την ικανοποίηση από τον διευθυντή και την πιο χαμηλή την ικανοποίηση από τους μαθητές.
Coffee by-products as the source of antioxidants: a systematic review
Authors: Lestari Wahyu , Hasballah Kartini , Listiawan M. Yulianto , Sofia Sofia 
Published: February 2022

Background: Solid waste from coffee depulping process threatens the organism in environment as it produces organic pollutants. Evidence suggested that coffee by-product could valorize owing to its potential as antioxidant sources. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate antioxidant activity of coffee by-products obtained from different coffee variants (arabica and robusta) and processing methods. Methods: The systematic review was conducted as of May 29, 2021 for records published within the last ten years (2011–2021) using seven databases: Embase, Medline, BMJ, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed. Data on type of specimen, processing methods, and antioxidant activities were collected based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Our data suggested that aqueous extract was found to be the most common processing method used to obtain the antioxidant from various coffee by-products, followed by methanol and ethanol extract. A variety of antioxidant properties ranging from strong to low activity was found depending on the variety, type of coffee by-products (cascara, pulp, husk, silverskin, and parchment), and processing technique. Fermentation employing proper bacteria was found effective in improving the yield of bioactive compounds resulting in higher antioxidant capacity. Applications in feedstuffs, foods, beverages, and topical formulation are among the potential utilization of coffee by-products. Conclusion: Coffee by-products contain bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant properties which could be used as additives in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. In particular, their benefits in skin care products require further investigation.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 infections on routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology testing in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Nyagwange James , Ndwiga Leonard , Muteru Kelvin , Wamae Kevin , Tuju James , testing team COVID , Kutima Bernadette , Gitonga John N. , Karanja Henry , Mugo Daisy , Kasera Kadondi , Amoth Patrick , Murunga Nickson , Babu Lawrence , Otieno Edward , Githinji George , Nokes D.J. , Tsofa Benjamin , Orindi Benedict , Barasa Edwine , Warimwe George , Agoti Charles N. , Bejon Philip , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: February 2022

Background: There are limited studies in Africa describing the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and serostatus of individuals tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We tested routine samples from the Coastal part of Kenya between 17th March 2020 and 30th June 2021. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 infections identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and clinical surveillance data at the point of sample collection were used to classify as either symptomatic or asymptomatic. IgG antibodies were measured in sera samples, using a well validated in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Mombasa accounted for 56.2% of all the 99,694 naso-pharyngeal/oro-pharyngeal swabs tested, and males constituted the majority tested (73.4%). A total of 7737 (7.7%) individuals were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. The majority (i.e., 92.4%) of the RT-PCR positive individuals were asymptomatic. Testing was dominated by mass screening and travellers, and even at health facility level 91.6% of tests were from individuals without symptoms. Out of the 97,124 tests from asymptomatic individuals 7,149 (7%) were positive and of the 2,568 symptomatic individuals 588 (23%) were positive. In total, 2458 serum samples were submitted with paired naso-pharyngeal/oro-pharyngeal samples and 45% of the RT-PCR positive samples and 20% of the RT-PCR negative samples were paired with positive serum samples. Symptomatic individuals had significantly higher antibody levels than asymptomatic individuals and become RT-PCR negative on repeat testing earlier than asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: In conclusion, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections identified by routine testing in Coastal Kenya were asymptomatic. This reflects the testing practice of health services in Kenya, but also implies that asymptomatic infection is very common in the population. Symptomatic infection may be less common, or it may be that individuals do not present for testing when they have symptoms.
Learning in a Post-Truth World
Authors: Mostagir Mohamed , Siderius James 
Published: February 2022

Misinformation has emerged as a major societal challenge in the wake of the 2016 U.S. elections, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most active areas of inquiry into misinformation examines how the cognitive sophistication of people impacts their ability to fall for misleading content. In this paper, we capture sophistication by studying how misinformation affects the two canonical models of the social learning literature: sophisticated (Bayesian) and naive (DeGroot) learning. We show that sophisticated agents can be more likely to fall for misinformation. Our model helps explain several experimental and empirical facts from cognitive science, psychology, and the social sciences. It also shows that the intuitions developed in a vast social learning literature should be approached with caution when making policy decisions in the presence of misinformation. We conclude by discussing the relationship between misinformation and increased partisanship and provide an example of how our model can inform the actions of policymakers trying to contain the spread of misinformation. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.
Does exudate viscosity affect its rate of absorption into wound dressings?
Authors: Forss Jacqueline Rachel 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Exudate is a vital component of healing wounds. There are differences between acute and chronic exudate, with the latter seen as highly toxic to the healing environment. Wound exudate assessment is not easy for clinicians. The viscosity of wound fluid/exudate is as important as its quantity. Wound fluid viscosity increases when it contains more protein. As wound dressings exhibit a variety of fluid-handling mechanisms, it is important to understand how they interact with the different exudate types, which may alter the wound/dressing interface. This knowledge will ensure a healing wound environment that is beneficial, not one that leaves harmful exudate on the wound surface. This study aimed to evaluate if the viscosity of exudate affected absorption time in four wound dressing types. Methods: This study evaluated the viscosities of two solutions and their effect on the absorption times of four dressing types. The viscosities of the solutions were calculated using Ostwald viscometers, then 2 ml of each of these liquids was applied to each of the four dressing types and repeated 10 times for each dressing, as per British Standards Institution requirements. The parameters for temperature and frequency were applied, and the absorption times recorded. A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine if exudate viscosity and dressing type, or their interaction, affected the absorption time. Results: The results indicated that the viscosity of the solution alone had a significant effect on absorption time (p<0.01), and that the combined effect of dressing type and viscosity also affected absorption (p<0.01). The type of dressing alone was found to have a significant effect on absorption time (p<0.01). When looking at the between-subject effects of the dressings (between the four types) the only non-significant finding was between two dressings—the superabsorbent and the moderate (foam) absorbing dressing (p=0.097). All other dressings had a between-subject effect of (p<0.01). Conclusion: A significant difference in absorption times was found in this investigation of dressing types and viscosity of test solutions. The greater the viscosity of the fluid, the longer it took for it to be absorbed into all dressing types tested. This delay was not determined simply by the dressing or by the viscosity of the fluid, but likely to be a combination of the mode of action of the dressing, its pore size and particulate composition of the exudate, all of which require further investigation.
Pilot study of the diagnostic value of CRP:albumin ratio for osteomyelitis in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ali Eren Mehmet , Güneş Ali Erdal , Ceylan Mehmet Reşat , İncebıyık Hatice , Aydın Mehmet Salih , Dusak Abdurrahim , Sabuncu Tevfik 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Osteomyelitis may complicate diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). As a new inflammation-based prognostic factor, CRP:albumin ratio's significance is not known in osteomyelitis among patients with or without diabetes. Method: Patients with type 2 diabetes and DFUs were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=47) comprised patients without osteomyelitis, and group 2 (n=50) comprised patients with osteomyelitis. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (88.5±23.0 versus 42.0±22.2), white blood cell count (WBC) (14.7±6.9x103 versus 10.0±4.4x103), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (15.6±9.9 versus 2.4±3.3) and CRP:albumin ratio (6.6±4.9 versus 0.7±1.0) were significantly higher, and albumin level was significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1 (p<0.001 for all). The presence of osteomyelitis was significantly and positively correlated with ESR (r=0.721; p<0.001), WBC (r=0.380; p<0.001), CRP (r=0.667; p<0.001) and CRP:albumin ratio (r=0.638; p<0.001), and negatively correlated with albumin (r=−0.590; p<0.001). A CRP:albumin ratio of 1.74 or above could predict osteomyelitis with 92.0% sensitivity, 80.9% specificity, and the best area under the curve (AUC) score (AUC=0.957; 95% CI: 0.924–0.991). ESR (odds ratio (OR): 1.071 (1.025–1.119); p=0.02) and CRP:albumin ratio (OR: 2.65 (1.437–4.885); p=0.002) were independent predictors in the final model for stepwise linear regression analyses for the estimation of osteomyelitis. Conclusion: CRP:albumin ratio is a cheap and repeatable inflammatory marker and can successfully detect osteomyelitis in patients with DFU.
A large-scale genetic correlation scan between rheumatoid arthritis and human plasma protein
Authors: Luo Pan , Cheng Shiqiang , Zhang Feng , Feng Ruoyang , Xu Ke , Jing Wensen , Xu Peng 
Published: February 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the genetic correlation and causal relationship between blood plasma proteins and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of RA from European descent and the GWAS summary datasets of 3,622 plasma proteins, we explored the relationship between RA and plasma proteins from three aspects. First, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LD score regression) was applied to detect the genetic correlation between RA and plasma proteins. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then used to evaluate the causal association between RA and plasma proteins. Finally, GEO2R was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with RA and healthy controls. Results We found that seven kinds of plasma proteins had genetic correlations with RA, such as Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) (correlation coefficient = 0.2582, p = 0.049), vesicle transport protein USE1 (correlation coefficient = 0.1337, p = 0.018), and spermatogenesis-associated protein 20 (correlation coefficient = 0.3706, p = 0.018). There was a significant causal relationship between sRAGE and RA. By comparing the genes encoding seven plasma proteins, we found that only USE1 was a DEG associated with RA. Conclusion Our study identified a set of candidate plasma proteins that showed signals correlated with RA. Since the results of this study need further experimental verification, they should be interpreted with caution. However, we hope that this paper will provide new insights for the discovery of pathogenic genes and RA pathogenesis in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(2):134–142.