bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of different plasma forming gases on chemical species formed in plasma activated water (PAW) and their effect on its properties
Authors: Rathore Vikas , Nema Sudhir Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present work showed the role of plasma-forming gases (air, nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), helium (He), and their mixture with oxygen (O2)) on the properties of plasma-activated water (PAW). Electrical diagnosis and optical emission spectroscopy were performed to characterize plasma and identify plasma radicals/species. The PAW is characterized by studying its physicochemical properties and dissolved reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (RONS) concentration in it. The results showed introducing O2 in N2, Ar and He plasma suppresses the emission lines intensity of NOϒ band in N2 plasma, OH band in Ar and He plasma, and N2 second positive system in He plasma. Also, adding O2 to Ar and He plasma changes the plasma discharge characteristic from glow discharge to filamentary micro-discharge. The PAW prepared by air and its mixture with O2 showed improved physicochemical properties and RONS concentration in it compared to other plasma forming gases and their mixture with O2. In addition, increasing plasma-water exposure time significantly affects the physicochemical properties and RONS concentration in PAW. Therefore, plasma forming gas and plasma-water exposure time gives better control over the properties of PAW. Hence, these parameters play a significant role in deciding the applications of PAW.
Electronic structure, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of BaMn2As2 compound: a first-principles study
Authors: Khan Abdul Ahad , Saqib Muhammad , Zada Zeshan , Chahed Faiza , Ismail Muhammad , Ishaq Muhammad , Khan Qaisar , Ismail Muhammad , Faizan Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the magnetic stability, antiferromagnetic ordering, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of BaMn2As2 employing the full-potential linearized augmented-plane wave method under the framework of density functional theory. The exchange-correlation energy was treated using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) and GGA plus Hubbard U parameter method. From structural relaxation, we reveal that antiferromagnetic (A-AFM) state is more appropriate for BaMn2As2 than other known configurations. Under electronic properties, BaMn2As2 shows metallic nature in paramagnetic (PM) and antiferromagnetic phase (AFM). Further, the decrease in electrical conductivity over the entire temperature range characterize the metallic nature of BaMn2As2. The electronic band structure calculation demonstrates that Mn-3d and As-4p orbital hybridization are essential for the band gap formation, suggesting BaMn2As2, a hybridization-gap semiconductor. The total magnetic moment of BaMn2As2 in ferromagnetic phase is ~9.54 μB, with a major contribution from Mn atom. In thermoelectric, we obtain a negative Seebeck coefficient (S), n-type electrical conductivity, and a maximum ZT value of 0.40. Our study suggests BaMn2As2 as a novel candidate for spintronics and waste heat management.
Graphene, Dirac equation and analogue gravity
Authors: Gallerati Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We provide an updated study of some electronic properties of graphene nanoscrolls, exploiting a related curved space Dirac equation for the charge carriers. To this end, we consider an explicit parametrization in cylindrical coordinates, together with analytical solutions for the pseudoparticle modes living on the two–dimensional background. These results are then used to obtain a compact expression for the sample optical conductivity, deriving from a Kubo formula adapted to the 1 + 2 dimensional curved space. The latter formulation is then adopted to perform some simulations for a cylindrical nanoscroll geometry.
Tunneling dynamics of an oscillating universe model
Authors: Bojowald Martin , Petersen Pip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quasiclassical methods for non-adiabatic quantum dynamics can reveal new
features of quantum effects, such as tunneling evolution, that are harder to
analyze in standard treatments based on wave functions of stationary
states. Here, these methods are applied to an oscillating universe model
introduced recently. Our quasiclassical treatment correctly describes
several expected features of tunneling states, in particular just before and
after tunneling into a trapped region where a model universe may oscillate
through many cycles of collapse and expansion. As a new result, the
oscillating dynamics is found to be much less regular than in the classical
description, revealing a succession of cycles with varying maximal volume
even when the matter ingredients and their parameters do not change.
Electromagnetic field produced in high-energy small collision systems within charge density models of nucleons *
Authors: Zhang Zong-Wei , Cen Xian-Zhuo , Deng Wei-Tian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent experiments show that

, an observable designed to detect the chiral magnetic effect (CME), in small collision systems (

) is similar to that in heavy ion collisions (

). This introduces a challenge to the existence of the CME because it is believed that no azimuthal correlation exists between the orientation of the magnetic field (

) and participant plane (

) in small collision systems. In this work, we introduce three charge density models to describe the inner charge distributions of protons and neutrons and calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced in small

collisions at both RHIC and LHC energies. Our results show that the contribution of the single projectile proton is the main contributor to the magnetic field after averaging over all participants. The azimuthal correlation between

and

is small but not vanished. Additionally, owing to the large fluctuation in field strength, the magnetic-field contribution to

may be large.
Physics and applications of squid-inspired jetting
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Xiao Qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the aquatic world jet propulsion is a highly successful locomotion method utilized by a variety of species. Among them cephalopods such as squids excel in their ability for high-speed swimming. This mechanism inspires the development of underwater locomotion techniques which are particularly useful in soft-bodied robots. In this overview we summarize existing studies on this topic, ranging from investigations on the underlying physics to the creation of mechanical systems utilizing this locomotion mode. Research directions that worth future investigation are also discussed.
Boosting the performance of anomalous diffusion classifiers with the proper choice of features
Authors: Kowalek Patrycja , Loch-Olszewska Hanna , Łaszczuk Łukasz , Opała Jarosław , Szwabiński Janusz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding and identifying different types of single molecules’ diffusion that occur in a broad range of systems (including living matter) is extremely important, as it can provide information on the physical and chemical characteristics of particles’ surroundings. In recent years, an ever-growing number of methods have been proposed to overcome some of the limitations of the mean-squared displacements approach to tracer diffusion. In March 2020, the anomalous diffusion (AnDi) challenge was launched by a community of international scientists to provide a framework for an objective comparison of the available methods for AnDi. In this paper, we introduce a feature-based machine learning method developed in response to task 2 of the challenge, i.e. the classification of different types of diffusion. We discuss two sets of attributes that may be used for the classification of single-particle tracking data. The first one was proposed as our contribution to the AnDi challenge. The latter is the result of our attempt to improve the performance of the classifier after the deadline of the competition. Extreme gradient boosting was used as the classification model. Although the deep-learning approach constitutes the state-of-the-art technology for data classification in many domains, we deliberately decided to pick this traditional machine learning algorithm due to its superior interpretability. After the extension of the feature set our classifier achieved the accuracy of 0.83, which is comparable with the top methods based on neural networks.
Effect of multi-beam propagation on free-space coherent optical communications in a slant atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wu Jiali , Ke Xizheng , Yang Shang Jun , Ding Deqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the multi-beam propagation theory, a mathematic model of log-intensity fluctuation variance under multi-beam propagation in slant path atmospheric turbulence near the ground for free-space optical communication is established. Taking single beam, double beam, three beam, and four beams as examples, the intensity fluctuation characteristics of single beam and multi-beam are obtained, and the relationship between the log-intensity fluctuation and the bit error rate (BER) of the heterodyne detection coherent optical communications based on binary phase shift keying modulation is deduced. The results show that, with the increase of beam number, the variance of signal log-intensity fluctuation is significantly mitigated, and the BER of the system is significantly reduced. It proves that the multi-beam propagation method can be effectively applied to the long-distance coherent optical communications, and improve the performance of the system.
Temperature-controlled exfoliation of graphite oxide: studies of defects and transport properties of graphene oxide
Authors: Kumar Satendra , Goswami Manoj , Singh Netrapal , Siddiqui Hafsa , Natarajan Sathish , Ashiq Mohammad , Kumar Surender 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The quality, structural defects, and transport properties of GO can be tailored by maintaining ultrasonic bath temperature. Herein, the effect of temperature-controlled exfoliation on the structural defects and transport properties of the resulting graphene oxide (GO) sheets are examined. The large crystallite size (12.23 nm) and low defect density (2.16 × 1011 cm−2) are found at 20 °C exfoliations. Highly oriented GO sheets were exfoliated at 20 °C which was confirmed through Bernal-stacking proportions (∼30%). Furthermore, electrical transport properties are high at 10 °C exfoliation temperature while optimum at other temperatures, calculated through impedance spectroscopy. Comparatively, smooth, wrinkle-free, and lesser bulges are found at 20 °C and 30 °C exfoliation temperatures.
Design of Thomson scattering diagnostic system on linear magnetized plasma device
Authors: XU Mengmeng , ZHANG Qiaofeng , XIE Jinlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In addition to the magnetic confinement fusion plasma, Thomson scattering has been applied to measure electron density and temperature of low-temperature plasmas. Based on a linear magnetized plasma device, a set of Thomson scattering diagnostic system is designed to diagnose the plasma with

n

e

=

10

18

–

10

19

m

−
3

and

T

e

=
2
–
5

eV. Due to low plasma temperature and density, this diagnostic system needs high spectral resolution and collection efficiency to meet the requirements of electron velocity distribution function measurements. Through the bench test, it is confirmed that the spectral resolution reaches 0.01 nm, and theoretical collection efficiency is high enough to obtain a Thomson scattering spectrum by 1000 accumulations.
Effect of different fixatives on yield of DNA from human fecal samples
Authors: Kumar Gauraw , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fixation and transportation of human fecal samples is often difficult in geographically remote locations due to unavailability of options for immediate freezing. In this study effectiveness of five different chemical fixatives were evaluated on human fecal samples including for supernatant using RNAprotect® Bacteria Reagent (Qiagen), 95% ethanol, acetone, TRIzol® and a mixture of all these fixatives, in addition to immediate freezing. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using QIAamp® Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit as well as quality and yield of extracted DNA was monitored for a period of 30 days. It was found that except TRIzol®, all other preservatives showed good DNA quality and yield for a period of one month based on agarose gel electrophoresis, Nanodrop and Qubit fluorometric measurements. It was also found that supernatant of fecal sample fixed with RNAprotect Bacteria Reagent gave reliable DNA yield in comparison to other various fixatives. The study also revealed that quality and yield of DNA from fecal samples fixed in acetone were very promising since it is a cost-effective fixative. Overall, the study shows future applicability for downstream DNA analyses of the RNAprotect® Bacteria Reagent, 95% ethanol, acetone, and a mixture of all these fixatives for fixing human fecal samples to be collected from geographically remote locations or in regions where available resources are largely limited.
Ethnicity and Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty
Authors: Ziade Georges , Mojallal Ali , Ho-Asjoe Mark , Arenas Juan Carlos , Ascher Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Nonsurgical rhinoplasty is a procedure that is gaining popularity in aesthetic clinics particularly because of its minimally invasive nature compared with surgery. It is recognized that there are ethnic variations in nose injection techniques and planned aesthetic outcomes.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore experts’ views about the ethnic differences in the anatomical features of the nose and procedure-related considerations in nonsurgical rhinoplasty.

Methods
Using a priori set topics and questions, 4 expert aesthetic physicians, from 4 different ethnic backgrounds and working in 4 different regions, were asked to describe the essential elements to be considered when planning a nonsurgical rhinoplasty, including product choice, injection technique, safety measures, and any practical hints to facilitate achieving the desired outcome.

Results
All invited experts responded to the full set of questions. There were similarities between the treating physicians in some of the technical steps. Nevertheless, there were several differences identified regarding baseline anatomy and patient expectations that could be attributed to ethnicity. Patients’ and physicians’ expectations regarding a successful nonsurgical rhinoplasty can vary depending on their ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, with the current global ethnic and cultural diversities, in addition to the knowledge of the nasal anatomy and safe injection techniques, it is imperative that aesthetic practitioners have full awareness and a good understanding of these ethnic variations.

Conclusions
Nonsurgical rhinoplasty is a highly demanded aesthetic procedure. Patients’ ethnic differences need to be carefully taken into consideration when discussing, planning, and performing nasal fillers injection.
Biased Enforcement Expansion? Sociodemographic Differences in Police Drug Testing for Suspected Narcotics Use 1993–2015
Authors: Estrada Felipe , Bäckman Olof , Nilsson Anders 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the 1990s, Sweden has witnessed a steady increase in the control measures focused on drug offences. These changes are results of political dynamics once pushed by centre-right parties but thereafter embraced by Social Democrats in government. The article examines the structure of police controls of drug offences and the extent to which these controls have focused on different sociodemographic groups during the period 1995–2015. The study shows that this intensified control of minor drug crimes has resulted in successively larger proportions of youths from deprived areas being forced to provide samples of body fluids. The criminalization of drug use constitutes an example of the significance of crime policy for both crime levels and the composition of the offender population.
Factors Associated With Rape Case Attrition in the South African Criminal Justice System: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Machisa Mercilene , Jina Ruxana , Labuschagne Gerard , Vetten Lisa , Loots Lizle , Jewkes Rachel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The attrition of rape cases within the criminal justice system is driven by different factors. We aimed to describe the patterns of rape case attrition and associated factors in South Africa. We analysed a national sample of 3,952 cases reported in 2012. We found that 35 per cent of cases were closed by police, 31 per cent were declined by the prosecutors, 16 per cent were enrolled but later struck off the roll, 19 per cent went on trial and 9 per cent were finalised with conviction. Aggravating circumstances, availability of forensic evidence and success at perpetrator arrests were key for case progression and increased likelihood of convictions. Thorough police investigations and continual training which addresses negative gender or other rape stereotyping are critical to ensure rape convictions.
Implementing the Learning from the Mindfulness-based Social Work and Self-care Programme to Social Work Student Practice during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Maddock Alan , McCusker Pearse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis is the first study which has explored how social work students have applied the learning from a bespoke Mindfulness-Based Social Work and Self-Care (MBSWSC) programme to their social work practice. A qualitative research design was chosen, and a realist ontological position taken. The qualitative data were collected from reflective journals from seven social work students on placement who had completed the MBSWSC programme. An inductive thematic and comparative analysis methodology was used to identify key themes. This study found that the MBSWSC programme supported students to cope with the stress and anxiety that manifested before and during their placement. Students highlighted how switching from an avoidant to an approach oriented coping strategy allowed them to alleviate any negative thoughts or feelings they were experiencing. Students identified that this allowed them to employ more positive responses when dealing with stress. Students outlined that the learning from the programme allowed them to develop increased self-awareness, empathy, reflection and reflexivity skills, all of which will likely enhance their capacity for anti-oppressive social work practice. It is clear that improved access to the MBSWSC programme will allow social work students to develop the skills necessary to practice sustainably over the longer term.
An evidence cycle framework for community development initiatives
Authors: Browne Geoffrey R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Evidence is a central concept in epistemology, and good evidence is essential for developing effective community development programs. There is a range of theoretical approaches for helping to understand and ensure program effectiveness, but none uses evidence as a central pivot, and they may be difficult for the managers of community development programs to apply. An evidence-focussed theoretical framework and tool could help build the evidence literacy of communities and their advocates, assist community groups and members that struggle to gain representation, and help ensure that community development programs are inclusive, efficient, and effectively improve health and wellbeing outcomes. This paper presents an eight-step evidence cycle conceptual framework for helping communities ensure evidence is foundational to all stages of their programs. The steps are recognize, gather, appraise, integrate, use, create, manage, and share evidence. Each step is described, and example approaches applicable to both descriptive and intervention evidence are provided. A tool (specifically, a rubric) for program managers to self-assess their work against the cycle, informed by UK-based development network, Bond’s five principles for evidence use in community development (voice/inclusion, appropriateness, triangulation, contribution, and transparency), is also provided. The approach, which is applicable to all stages of a program, has the potential to not only increase managers’ and participants’ evidence literacy, but to also facilitate attention to evidence throughout the life of a program and beyond, leading to better results for community development.
Identification of ANXA2 on epithelial cells as a new receptor for secretory IgA using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry
Authors: Watanabe Shizuka , Kobayashi Koichi , Suzukawa Maho , Igarashi Sayaka , Takada Kazufumi , Imoto Sahoko , Kitani Masashi , Fukami Takeshi , Nagase Takahide , Ohta Ken 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A plays an important role in the protection against exogenous pathogens and antigens, but it has also been reported to have pathogenic potential. We previously found that secretory immunoglobulin A accumulated in the peripheral lungs during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and that transferrin receptor/CD71 was partially involved in secretory immunoglobulin A-induced inflammatory cytokine production in A549 cells. This study aimed to identify the receptor responsible for the induction of cytokine production by secretory immunoglobulin A-stimulated airway epithelial cells. To this end, immunoprecipitation followed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting were performed and Annexin A2 was detected as a novel receptor for secretory immunoglobulin A. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated binding of secretory immunoglobulin A to Annexin A2, and flow cytometry showed robust expression of Annexin A2 on the surface of BEAS-2B cells, A549 cells, and normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells. Experiments in A549 cells using Annexin A2 small interfering RNA and neutralizing antibodies suggested that Annexin A2 was partially involved in the production of interleukin-8/CXCL8 and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by secretory immunoglobulin A. Immunohistochemistry using lung sections revealed clear expression of Annexin A2 on airway epithelial cells, although the staining remained equivalent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and healthy control lungs. In conclusion, we identified that Annexin A2 expressed in airway epithelial cells is a novel receptor for secretory immunoglobulin A, which is involved in cytokine synthesis.
Genetic correlation between thyroid hormones and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xu Jiyi , Zhao Cheng , Liu Ye , Xu Congjie , Qin Bin , Liang Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) was reported to be connected with thyroid diseases clinically, which might be a critical clew to immune pathogenesis of PD. However, there was no further research to study the pathogenesis correlation between PD and thyroid diseases. In this study, except for investigating the difference in thyroid hormone between PD and the control group, we explored genetic correlation between thyroid and PD. We tried to find their shared molecular pathway by analyzing the effect of PD risk genes on thyroid function. Interestingly, most of those 12 meaningful SNPs we found could affect PD and thyroid function through immune mechanism, which is consistent with our original conjecture and provides significant evidence for the immune pathogenesis of PD.