bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Study Results Reported in medRxiv Preprints vs Peer-reviewed Journal Articles
Authors: Janda Guneet , Khetpal Vishal , Shi Xiaoting , Ross Joseph S. , Wallach Joshua D. 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePreprints have been widely adopted to enhance the timely dissemination of research across many scientific fields. Concerns remain that early, public access to preliminary medical research has the potential to propagate misleading or faulty research that has been conducted or interpreted in error.ObjectiveTo evaluate the concordance among study characteristics, results, and interpretations described in preprints of clinical studies posted to medRxiv that are subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals (preprint-journal article pairs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed all preprints describing clinical studies that were initially posted to medRxiv in September 2020 and subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal as of September 15, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor preprint-journal article pairs describing clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses that measured health-related outcomes, the sample size, primary end points, corresponding results, and overarching conclusions were abstracted and compared. Sample size and results from primary end points were considered concordant if they had exact numerical equivalence.ResultsAmong 1399 preprints first posted on medRxiv in September 2020, a total of 1077 (77.0%) had been published as of September 15, 2022, a median of 6 months (IQR, 3-8 months) after preprint posting. Of the 547 preprint-journal article pairs describing clinical trials, observational studies, or meta-analyses, 293 (53.6%) were related to COVID-19. Of the 535 pairs reporting sample sizes in both sources, 462 (86.4%) were concordant; 43 (58.9%) of the 73 pairs with discordant sample sizes had larger samples in the journal publication. There were 534 pairs (97.6%) with concordant and 13 pairs (2.4%) with discordant primary end points. Of the 535 pairs with numerical results for the primary end points, 434 (81.1%) had concordant primary end point results; 66 of the 101 discordant pairs (65.3%) had effect estimates that were in the same direction and were statistically consistent. Overall, 526 pairs (96.2%) had concordant study interpretations, including 82 of the 101 pairs (81.2%) with discordant primary end point results.Conclusions and RelevanceMost clinical studies posted as preprints on medRxiv and subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals had concordant study characteristics, results, and final interpretations. With more than three-fourths of preprints published in journals within 24 months, these results may suggest that many preprints report findings that are consistent with the final peer-reviewed publications.
Air Permeable Vibrotactile Actuators for Wearable Wireless Haptics
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Ma Yuan , Zhang Kaijun , Wan Jun , Zhao Dazhe , Pi Yucong , Chen Gangjin , Zhang Jianfeng , Tang Wei , Lin Liwei , Zhong Junwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVibrotactile actuators can evoke mechanical stimulations on human skins to induce haptic feedbacks for various human machine interaction applications. However, efforts toward their practical usages encounter several engineering challenges, including wearable comfortability and output abilities. Here, air permeable actuators are developed and embedded in common fabrics for vibrotactile actuation, achieving excellent air permeability of 108 L m−2 s−1, low preload requirement of 10 mN, high output sensitivity of 0.2 mN/V, and good mechanical durability by surviving 11 million testing cycles. As demonstration examples, a wireless haptic feedback glove is shown to distinguish 32 different English characters and symbols with an overall accuracy of 97.8%, and large size actuators (10 × 10 cm2) are also proved for providing haptic feedback for parts of human body. As such, the proposed system opens a new class of wearable vibrotactile actuators for potential applications in wide fields of metaverse, teleoperation, smart textiles, and robotics.
Anomalous Zn2+ Storage Behavior in Dual‐Ion‐In‐Sequence Reconstructed Vanadium Oxides
Authors: Jiang Hanmei , Zhang Yifu , Waqar Moaz , Yang Jin , Liu Yanyan , Sun Jingjing , Feng Ziyi , Sun Jianguo , Pan Zhenghui , Meng Changgong , Wang John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVanadium oxides with fast and stable Zn2+ storage are of great significance to the development of high‐performance aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), and yet they commonly suffer from structural instability and sluggish diffusion kinetics. Herein, a new “dual‐ion‐in‐sequence” intercalation strategy based on quenching is proposed to address these issues. Interestingly, it is found that the Zn2+ storage mechanism evolves from the common solid‐state ion diffusion kinetic into an intercalation pseudocapacitance as a result of the enlarged interlayer spacing of V2O5. Together with the expanded interlayer spacing arising from the “dual‐ion‐in‐sequence” intercalation, oxygen defects are simultaneously generated at the sub‐surface of the reconstructed Li@MnVO materials. Benefitting from the improved ionic diffusivity, intercalation pseudocapacitance, and fast charge transferability, full cell based on Li@MnVO cathode shows impressive rate capability and excellent cycling stability of 5000 cycles with a high energy density of 253 Wh kg‐1 at 10 A g‐1. More importantly, the capacity can maintain at 125 mAh g‐1 at 4 A g‐1 even under a raised mass loading of 10 mg cm‐2. The proposed “dual‐ion‐in‐sequence” intercalation strategy of manipulating V2O5 structure at atomic scales is a viable pathway for the high‐performance layered metal oxides, not only for ZIBs but also for other energy storage systems.
Soft, Wireless Pressure‐Sensor‐Integrated Smart Bandage for the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Heck Ian , Lu Wei , Wang Zizheng , Zhang Xincheng , Adak Tejas , Cu Thong , Crumley Carolyn , Zhang Yi , Wang Xueju Sophie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have affected millions of people in the U.S. and posed heavy burden to patients and the healthcare system due to their being slow to heal, high recurrence rate, and potential risk of amputation and even premature death. A mainstay of DFU therapy is mechanical offloading to mitigate pressure at the ulcer, which, however, is usually not effective due to patients’ diminished sensation capabilities on the foot and low adherence to offloading recommendations. This work reports a soft, flexible, wireless pressure‐sensor‐integrated smart bandage system for continuously monitoring the pressure on the foot and alerting the users to offload under exceeded pressure. The pressure sensor exhibits high linearity, negligible hysteresis, fast response time, and excellent water‐proof properties relevant for this application. Wireless data transmission onto a smartphone via Bluetooth enables the display and interpretation of the measured pressure with the option of a preset pressure threshold, when exceeded, an alert will be generated for immediate notifications. Trials on healthy subjects demonstrate reliable monitoring performance. The developed smart bandage system represents a significant advance in the prevention and management of DFUs and other pressure injuries as well as compression therapy corrections.
MXenes for Sulfur‐Based Batteries
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Guo Tianchao , Alhajji Eman , Tian Zhengnan , Shi Zixiong , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSulfur‐based batteries are regarded as potent candidates for next‐generation high‐energy and low‐cost energy storage systems. However, sulfur‐based batteries still face substantial obstacles on the cathode side (e.g., low conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur) and the anode side (e.g., dendrite growth), severely hindering their utilization. MXenes (i.e., 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides), as an emerging member of the 2D material family, possess unique electrochemical and electronic properties, which make them attractive materials to enhance the performance of sulfur‐based batteries. In this article, a comprehensive review of the research progress on using MXenes in sulfur‐based batteries is provided. The basics of MXene and sulfur‐based batteries are introduced first, wherein the merits of applying MXenes in sulfur‐based batteries are discussed. Subsequently, the progress in this field is systematically summarized in terms of the roles of MXene in sulfur‐based batteries, including MXene as sulfur host, MXene‐based composite as sulfur host, MXene‐based separator modification, and MXene‐based advanced electrodes. In the end, recommendations for specific future research directions to advance the development of MXenes for sulfur‐based batteries are outlined.
Lithiophilic Wetting Agent Inducing Interfacial Fluorination for Long‐Lifespan Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pyo Seonmi , Ryu Seokgyu , Gong Yong Jun , Cho Jinil , Yun Heejun , Kim Heebae , Lee Jeewon , Min Byeongyun , Choi Youngkyu , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnode‐free Li metal batteries (AFLMBs) are highly advantageous due to their high energy density, low cost, and simple fabrication. However, severe challenges, such as uncontrolled dendrite formation and low coulombic efficiency, restrict their practical application. Herein, this work introduces a silver nanoparticles incorporated p‐doped conjugated polymer (Ag‐PCP) wetting agent on the copper current collector, which promotes both uniform Li nucleation and rapid formation of a LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the early stage, resulting in interfacial stabilization and high Li utilization efficiency. Moreover, this work verifies the interfacial fluorinated mechanism of the Ag‐PCP to efficiently achieve a favorable SEI chemistry, which serves as an intermediate process for promoting LiF formation. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ag–Li alloying and F‐doping chemistry of the Ag‐PCP chains, the deposited Li exhibits a compact column‐like structure with dendrite‐free morphology, and the anode‐free cells display superior cycling stability with long lifespan even under harsh conditions, with the LFP//Ag‐PCP│Cu full cell having a high capacity retention of 72% (Li inventory retention rate, 99.8%) at 1 C‐rate after 200 cycles.
Bradyrhizobium inoculants impact on promiscuous nodulating soybeans cultivars in Ghana's farming systems
Authors: Akley Edwin K. , Rice Charles W. , Ahiabor Benjamin D. K. , Prasad P. V. Vara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoybean is rarely inoculated with commercial Bradyrhizobium inoculants in Ghana's cropping systems. A 2‐year field study was conducted at Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute's experimental field at Nyankpala, Ghana to assess how commercial inoculants affect growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and grain yield of promiscuous nodulating soybean cultivars. The experiment was a split‐plot design with the main plot factor as soybean [tropical Glycine max (L.) Merr. crosses (TGX) cultivars]; Jenguma (TGX1448‐2E), Afayak (TGX1834‐5E), and Songda (TGX 1445‐3E). The subplot factor consisted of three commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants, namely, Biofix (strain USDA 110), NoduMax (strain USDA 110), and Legumefix (strain 532c) plus uninoculated control. Shoot biomass and nodulation were assessed at vegetative (V8, 8‐leaf stage), full bloom (R2), beginning to pod (R3), full pod (R4), and full seed (R6) stages, respectively, and N fixation and grain yield at maturity. Shoot dry matter increased with growth stage and peaked at the R6 stage with significant effect associated with Biofix and NoduMax. Nodulation on the upper root and the whole root also peaked at the R4 stage, with pronounced effects associated with Biofix and NoduMax. Enhanced grain yields of up to 30% were achieved with Biofix and NoduMax compared to the uninoculated control in both 2016 and 2017. Regarding the cultivars, shoot biomass increased with growth stage and peaked at R6 stage and Afayak yielded greater shoot biomass. On average (2 years), Afayak produced greater grain yields than Jenguma and Songda. In conclusion, Biofix and NoduMax were the most promising commercial inoculants for soybean production in Northern Ghana.
Severe cyclones and sex‐specific birth outcomes in Queensland, Australia: An interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Parayiwa Cynthia , Harley David , Richardson Alice , Behie Alison 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesA male is less adaptable to biological stressors than a female fetus with consequent higher morbidity and mortality. Adverse birth outcomes increase and male livebirths decrease after environmental disasters, economic crises, and terrorist events. We hypothesized the ratio of male to female livebirths would decrease in areas affected by severe tropical cyclones (TCs) in Queensland, Australia. Additionally, in male livebirths, there would be an increase in preterm and low birthweight births. Lastly, we hypothesized that the pregnancy stage at which exposure occurred would modify the association between TC exposure and observed outcomes.MethodsInterrupted time series analysis was used to analyze Queensland administrative birth records from July 2007 to June 2018 for significant changes in the sex ratio at birth, measured as the proportion of male livebirths. Adjusted generalized linear models were fitted to births in areas affected by two category five TCs: cyclones Yasi (February 2011) and Marcia (February 2015). To explore male mortality and morbidity risk, additional analysis was conducted on the proportion of male stillborn, low birthweight, and preterm births. The association between estimated pregnancy stage during the TC and the proportion of male births was also analyzed.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, increases in the proportion of male livebirths were observed following early‐pregnancy exposure to cyclone Yasi and mid‐pregnancy exposure to Marcia, although the latter was not statistically significant. No significant changes were observed in proportions of male stillborn, low birthweight, and preterm births.ConclusionsThis study found a significant association between severe TCs and sex ratio at birth. The stage of pregnancy at which maternal stressors were experienced modified this association. Among people exposed in early to mid‐pregnancy, the proportion of male births was higher. This may be because of differential loss of females in utero. Studying sex differences in birth outcomes provides insight into in utero vulnerabilities associated with environmental stressors. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of natural disasters. Understanding fetal vulnerability to environmental stressors will provide crucial information supporting early life health interventions that mitigate the immediate and long‐term effects.
Healthcare experiences of patients with Down syndrome who are Black, African American, of African descent, or of mixed race
Authors: Krell Kavita , Pless Albert , Michael Carie , Torres Amy , Chung Jeanhee , Baker Sandra , Blake Jasmine M. , Caughman Kelli , Cullen Sarah , Gallagher Maureen , Hoke‐Chandler Roxanne , Maina Julius , McLuckie Diana , O'Neill Kate , Peña Angeles , Royal Dina , Slape Michelle , Spinazzi Noemi Alice , Torres Carlos G. , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScant research has explored the healthcare experiences of people with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States who are Black, African American, of African descent, or of mixed race. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the barriers and facilitators that such patients and their caregivers face when accessing healthcare. We gathered data in three ways: focus groups with caregivers, a national survey completed by caregivers, and in‐depth interviews with primary care providers. Many caregivers and primary care physicians felt that patients with DS who are Black, African American, of African descent, or of mixed race receive a lower quality of medical care than their white counterparts with DS. Caregivers mentioned feeling tired of being reminded by the medical community about their race and wanting acknowledgment that raising a child with DS can be hard at times. Many felt that the medical community's conscious and unconscious racial biases do negatively impact the care of their loved ones with DS. Caregivers desired more race concordant medical providers or, when not possible, medical providers who are willing to learn more about DS and build trusted, longitudinal relationships. Primary care providers discussed the need for funded resources and support services to effectively care for their patients with DS.
Karl Grassmann's 1896 paper “critical overview of contemporary theories of the heredity of the psychoses”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFour years before the rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900, Karl Grassmann published a detailed, scholarly review of the heredity of psychosis which we here review. A full translation is in the appendix. We emphasize seven major conclusions from this review. First, while recognizing the key importance of heredity in the etiology of psychosis. Grassmann was critical of many of the highly speculative extant theories. Second, he reviewed most of the major methodologic concerns in the literature from what kinds of heredity to investigate to the problems with the global use of insanity as a diagnostic category. Third, he discussed in detail genetic theories associated with Degeneration theory, maintaining considerable skepticism. Fourth, he recognized nongenetic contribution to familial transmission. Fifth, he reviewed evidence for both homogeneous and heterogeneous transmission of forms of mental illness in families, suggesting that both were important. Sixth, while he noted that mania, melancholia, and cyclothymia commonly replaced each other in families, Verrücktheit (delusional psychoses) rarely co‐segregated in families with these mood disorders. Seventh, Grassmann, like other 19th century writers, saw relatives to be of value only in assessing the level of hereditary predisposition in patients and had limited appreciation of the need for controlled studies.
The drive to disclose
Authors: Carbone Erin , Loewenstein George 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisclosure is a pervasive behavior critical to the human experience, and has been the focus of both empirical research and theorizing by social and consumer psychologists. This work has typically characterized disclosure as a deliberate and strategic act, the product of a careful weighing of costs and benefits. In this paper, we argue that, although some disclosure can be deliberate and “rational,” much of it exhibits drive‐like qualities. We review evidence to suggest that, much like other drive states (e.g., hunger), the desire to disclose can be visceral, driven by emotions and physical arousal, and satiated through the act of disclosing. And just as more basic drives evolved to motivate adaptive action but can engender maladaptive behavior (e.g., over‐eating), disclosures can likewise be impulsive and ultimately regrettable. We propose a dual‐process model that encompasses both viscerally driven and deliberate disclosures and that makes sense of the conflicts that often arise between the two.
Branch‐cut cosmology and the Bekenstein Criterion
Authors: de Freitas Pacheco José A. , Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Hess Peter O. , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Bodmann Benno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we address the implications of the Bekenstein Criterion in the branch‐cut cosmology. The impossibility of packaging energy and entropy according to the Bekenstein Criterion in a finite size makes the transition phase of the branch‐cut cosmology very peculiar, imposing a topological leap between the contraction and expansion phases of the primordial universe or a transition region similar to a wormhole, with space–time shaping itself topologically in the format of a helix‐format around a branch point. Singularity means that there is no way for space–time to begin smoothly. The branch‐cut cosmology alternatively proposes a non‐temporal beginning at all, a pure space configuration, through a Wick rotation which replaces the imaginary time component by the temperature, the cosmological time.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antifungal Actions of the Optimized Crude Extract and Fractions from the Aerial Parts of Acanthospermum hispidum
Authors: Cintya Felipe dos Santos Ewelyn , Alves Viturino da Silva Wliana , Carla Barbosa Machado Janaína , Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira Magda , Alberto Lira Soares Luiz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the phytochemical characteristics of the aerial parts of Acanthospermum hispidum, by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, and evaluated the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the crude extract and polyphenol‐enriched fractions of the species. The phytochemical prospection showed the presence of polyphenols from the groups of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonoids in the crude extract (CE) and fractions of the aerial parts of A. hispidum. In the chromatographic analysis, it was possible to observe that the fractionation process of the CE with hexane and ethyl acetate was efficient in enriching the fractions in phenolic compounds. This enrichment provided an increase in antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS methods, in which it was observed a higher antioxidant activity for EAF in the DPPH test and higher activity against the ABTS radical by the fractions AqF and RAqF. The extract and fractions were effective against Candida non‐Candida albicans strains, mainly against C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei, acting predominantly fungicidal. The results indicate that the aerial parts of A. hispidum can serve as a basis for the development of new antioxidant and antifungal products. Moreover, the fractionation process can contribute to increasing the biological potential of the species.