bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splanchnic venous thrombosis: aetiologies and a review of the literature
Authors: Tan Rebekah , Daneshmand Ali , Parys Simon , Watanabe Yuki , Sieunarine Kishore 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSplanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is an uncommon yet potentially life‐threatening manifestation of venous thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to present a retrospective analysis of a cohort of Western Australian patients diagnosed with SVT on imaging study, and a review of the literature surrounding the aetiology, location, anticoagulation treatment and outcomes of SVT.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with SVT over a five‐year period from 2015 to 2020 in three tertiary hospitals in Western Australia were identified by using an electronic search engine of imaging reports. Collected data included patient demographics and co‐morbidity, presentation data, location of thrombus, aetiology of thrombus, treatment with anti‐coagulation, length of stay and outcome data including mortality.ResultsA total of 164 patients met inclusion criteria. The 90‐day mortality was 20.1%; 64% of whom were those with portal vein thrombosis. Aetiology was grouped into haematological conditions (4 patients), non‐haematological conditions (130 patients), a combination of factors (17 patients) and idiopathic (13 patients). The majority of deaths were due to malignancy, severe pancreatitis or decompensated liver cirrhosis.ConclusionWhilst the prevalence of SVT is rising with the increase in accessibility to radiological studies, it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. With no consensus guidelines available to direct treatment, the management of patients with SVT should be individualized and considered carefully. The potential complications of venous thrombosis, SVT recurrence or extension and the risk of bleeding need to be evaluated before the commencement of anticoagulation therapy.
Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma, validation of AJCC 8th edition T staging‐ a retrospective study from North India
Authors: Sen Seema , Bhardwaj Mansi , Jayaraj Perumal , Bakhshi Sameer , Pushker Neelam , Kashyap Seema , Bajaj Mandeep S. , Khandpur Sukhanshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study compares the 8th edition staging of AJCC for prognosis of eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma (SGC) patients with respect to the 7th edition.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken over a period of 100 months. Ninety‐nine histopathologically proven cases of eyelid SGC available for follow‐up were recruited. Patients were staged by both the 7th and 8th editions of AJCC and followed up at six monthly intervals after surgery.ResultsOf the 99 eyelid SGC patients recruited, recurrence and orbital invasion developed in 22%, lymph node metastasis in 21% and 4% had distant metastasis and also died. High‐risk features include tumour size>20 mm, orbital invasion, exenteration and staging by both the 7th and 8th editions of AJCC. Cox regression analysis revealed that staging by AJCC 8th edition was associated with greater risk for local recurrence (HR 3.01,95% CI‐1.65–5.51%, p < 0.01) lymph node metastasis (HR 8.26, 95% CI 3.96–17.19%, p < 0.01) and disease‐free survival (HR 4.61, 95% CI 2.81–7.54). The Kaplan–Meir survival curves of eyelid SGC patients by the 8th edition AJCC staging were also significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01), tumour‐related deaths (p < 0.01) and reduced disease‐free survival (p = 0.07). The higher Harrell's values by the 8th edition signify better predictive value for lymph node metastasis and DFS (disease‐free survival). The lower AIC values indicate a better monotonicity of gradients for lymph node metastasis, recurrence and DFS.ConclusionStaging by the 8th AJCC edition is, therefore, recommended for eyelid SGC as it gives a better perspective about disease outcome. The orbital extension was the single most important predictor of lymph node metastasis, recurrence and death.
Cost reduction in screening for retinopathy of prematurity in the Netherlands by comparing different screening strategies
Authors: Trzcionkowska Kasia , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. , van den Akker‐van Marle Elske M. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeEvaluate possibilities to reduce the number of infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and investigate costs and number of infants detected of current and alternative screening strategies in the Netherlands.MethodsProspective population‐based study including clinical data from all infants born in 2017 and referred for ROP screening (NEDROP‐2 study). Cost and effects of screening strategies were evaluated that differed on the criteria gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and presence of one or more specific risk factor(s) (RF): mechanical ventilation, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, postnatal corticoids and/or hypotension treated with inotropic agents. RF obtained from the Dutch perinatal registry (Perined).ResultsOf the possible efficient strategies, the annual costs varied from €137 966 (inclusion of BW < 700, 63 infants eligible for screening, detection of 17/39 treated ROP) to €492 689 (GA < 30 weeks and BW < 1250 grams, together with infants with GA 30–32 and BW 1250–1500 grams with presence of one more RF, 744 infants eligible for screening, all treated infants detected). Total annual costs of the current Dutch guideline that detects all infants that need treatment for ROP amount to €552 143).ConclusionThe current Dutch ROP guideline can be improved by implementing new screening inclusion criteria. The most effective strategy detecting all severe and treated infants, reduces the number of screened infants by 24% compared to the current guideline and the overall annual costs by €59454.
Primary vitrectomy or intravitreal antibiotics followed by early vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Blom Kathrine , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Faber Rowan Thomas , Stene‐Johansen Ingar , Holberg‐Petersen Mona , Hermansen Nils Olav , Bragadóttir Ragnheiður 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/aimsTo compare outcomes of acute endophthalmitis (EO) managed with either primary vitrectomy (PV) or primary intravitreal antibiotics (vancomycin and ceftazidime) followed by early vitrectomy (PIAEV) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based diagnostics.MethodsThis was a prospective, comparative observational study of acute EO cases admitted to a regional vitreoretinal service over 18 months. Depending on whether immediate vitrectomy (within 6 h) was achievable, the EO cases were treated with either (1) PV or (2) PIAEV. Microbiology samples were collected either (A) before or (B) after administration of intravitreal antibiotics. The samples were analysed with broad‐range 16S PCR and culture.ResultsThe study included 41 EO cases. There were 19 post‐injection EO, 18 post‐cataract EO, three post‐vitrectomy EO, and one blebitis‐related EO. Fifteen of 19 PV cases and 15 of 21 PIAEV had a clinically meaningful improvement in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of at least 15 letters at 3 months (p = 0.58). One patient was lost to follow‐up. Twenty‐three cases were culture‐ and PCR‐positive, and seven additional cases were culture‐negative but PCR‐positive (p = 0.02). PCR increased the diagnostic yield for samples collected both before and after administration of intravitreal antibiotics.ConclusionPrimary vitrectomy or PIAEV allowed for vitrectomy for all cases of acute EO in a large region. Most eyes in both groups achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in BCVA. By combining culture with PCR in connection with the vitrectomy procedure, intravitreal antibiotics could be injected before microbiological sampling, thereby improving the door‐to‐treatment time without sacrificing microbial identification.
Studies on the mode of action of synthetic diindolylmethane derivatives against triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Shilpa Ganesan , Lakshmi Sreerenjini , Jamsheena Vellekkatt , Lankalapalli Ravi Shankar , Prakash Ved , Anbumani Sadasivam , Priya Sulochana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiindolylmethane (DIM) is a metabolic product of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), the major phytochemicals present in cruciferous vegetables, which can modulate multiple signalling pathways in cancer. The present study deals with the mechanism of action of two synthetic biaryl conjugates of DIM in triple negative breast cancer cells. Out of 12 DIM derivatives tested, two compounds, DIM‐1 and DIM‐4, exhibit cytotoxicity with GI50 values of 9.83 ± 0.2195 μM and 8.726 ± 0.5234 μM, respectively, in 2D culture. In 3D culture, DIM‐1 and DIM‐4 show GI50 values of 24.000 ± 0.7240 μM and 19.230 ± 0.3754 μM, respectively. The non‐toxic nature of the compounds was also established by the toxicity studies using the zebrafish model system. The two compounds induced apoptosis and anoikis in the cancer cells, which was confirmed by morphological analysis, nuclear fragmentation, membrane integrity assay, caspase activity measurements and modulation of pro/anti‐apoptotic proteins. The compounds inhibited cell migration and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activities indicating their anti‐metastatic property. They also reduced the expression of active Ras, phosphorylated forms of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the reduced expression of EGFR and pEGFR in treated cells. To conclude, DIM‐1 and DIM‐4 induced anti‐breast cancer effects by blocking EGF receptor and subsequently inhibiting Ras‐mediated PI3K‐Akt–mTOR signalling pathway.
Parental warmth predicts more child pro‐social behaviour in children with better emotion regulation
Authors: Yavuz H. Melis , Colasante Tyler , Malti Tina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParental warmth and child emotion regulation have each been implicated in the development of child pro‐social behaviours; however, their interactive benefits remain unclear. In this multi‐method, multi‐cohort longitudinal study, we examined the effect of parental warmth on child pro‐social behaviours at different levels of child emotion regulation. We collected data from 6‐ and 10‐year‐olds in Canada (NT1 = 233; Mage = 8.41; SD = 2.08) and their parents. Parental warmth, child emotion regulation, and child pro‐social behaviours were assessed via parent report. Children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; an indicator of cardiac regulatory capacity) was assessed as a correlate of emotion regulation. Child pro‐social behaviours were assessed concurrently and 1 year later. Results showed that higher parental warmth was related to higher concurrent prosocial behaviours and greater increases in prosocial behaviours over 1 year. These effects were strengthened for children with higher emotion regulation whether measured by parent report or RSA. We discuss implications for understanding pro‐social development in middle childhood from a strengths‐based perspective.
Contribution of haemodynamic side effects and associated autonomic reflexes to ventricular arrhythmias triggering by torsadogenic hERG blocking drugs
Authors: Champéroux Pascal , Fares Raafat , Bastogne Thierry , Richard Serge , Le Guennec Jean‐Yves , Thireau Jérôme 
Published: June 2022

Background and PurposeHERG blocking drugs known for their propensity to trigger Torsades de Pointes (TdP) were reported to induce a sympatho‐vagal coactivation and to enhance High Frequency heart rate (HFHR) and QT oscillations (HFQT) in telemetric data. The present work aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism(s) leading to these autonomic changes.Experimental ApproachEffects of 15 torsadogenic hERG blocking drugs (astemizole, chlorpromazine, cisapride, droperidol, ibutilide, dofetilide, haloperidol, moxifloxacin, pimozide, quinidine, risperidone, sotalol, sertindole, terfenadine, and thioridazine) were assessed by telemetry in beagle dogs. Haemodynamic effects on diastolic and systolic arterial pressure were analysed from the first doses causing QTc prolongation and/or HFQT oscillations enhancement. Autonomic control changes were analysed using the high frequency autonomic modulation (HFAM) model.Key ResultsExcept for moxifloxacin and quinidine, all torsadogenic hERG blockers induced parasympathetic activation or sympatho‐vagal coactivation combined with enhancement of HFQT oscillations. These autonomic effects result from reflex compensatory mechanisms in response to mild haemodynamic side effects. These haemodynamic mechanisms were characterized by transient HR acceleration during HF oscillations. A phenomenon of concealed QT prolongation was unmasked for several torsadogenic hERG blockers under β‐adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol. Resulting enhancement of HFQT oscillations was shown to contribute directly to triggering dofetilide‐induced ventricular arrhythmias.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis work supports for the first time a contribution of haemodynamic side properties to ventricular arrhythmias triggered by torsadogenic hERG blocking drugs. These haemodynamic side effects may constitute a second component of their arrhythmic profile, acting as a trigger alongside their intrinsic arrhythmogenic electrophysiological properties.
Elementary school children in the online world: Naming and mobilization of rights
Authors: Ben‐Hayun Shiran German , Perry‐Hazan Lotem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study drew on interviews with elementary school children (aged 8–12), parents and teachers to explore whether and how children name online infringements of their rights and mobilize their rights when they experience such infringements. The findings revealed distinctions between rights infringements external to children's social world and infringements internal to this world that are intertwined with children's close relationships. Naming internal infringements proved more complex, particularly when the injuries were masked as pranks or conducted between siblings. The distinction between internal and external rights infringements was also apparent in children's mobilization of their online rights.
The role of Na+‐K+‐ATPasein the epileptic brain
Authors: Sun Jinyi , Zheng Yang , Chen Zhong , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNa+‐K+‐ATPase, a P‐type ATP‐powered ion transporter on cell membrane, plays a vital role in cellular excitability. Cellular hyperexcitability, accompanied by hypersynchronous firing, is an important basis for seizures/epilepsy. An increasing number of studies point to a significant contribution of Na+‐K+‐ATPase to epilepsy, although discordant results exist. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the structure and physiological function of Na+‐K+‐ATPase in the central nervous system and critically evaluate the role of Na+‐K+‐ATPase in the epileptic brain. Importantly, we further provide perspectives on some possible research directions and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
Repeated neurofilament light chain measurements did not capture Riluzole therapeutic effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Esselin Florence , De la Cruz Elisa , Hirtz Christophe , Tiers Laurent , Alphandery Sébastien , Baudesson Léandra , Taieb Guillaume , Camu William , Lehmann Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the influence of Riluzole on serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels, a biomarker of prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and variations with time of sNfL concentrations are controversial.MethodsSera from ALS patients (n = 141) and controls (n = 33) were collected at inclusion (sNfL1) and second visit (sNfL2, mean delay 10.4 ± 8.7 months). sNfL levels, determined by single‐molecule array, were compared between ALS and controls at both time points. sNfL concentration changes were compared between patients with Riluzole (w/Ril) at inclusion in the study and those who were treated by Riluzole following inclusion (w/o Ril). The factors influencing sNfL concentrations and changes were studied using linear regression and multivariate analysis.ResultssNfL levels were higher in ALS patients than in controls at the two time points (p < 0.00001). In ALS patients, sNfL concentrations were higher in females for both sNfL1 (p = 0.014) and sNfL2 (p < 0.001). In the whole ALS group, sNfL levels were higher at sNfL2 than at sNfL1 (p < 0.001). sNfL1 and sNfL2 concentrations were similar between the two ALS subgroups (w/ and w/o Ril). ALS functional rating scale‐revised rate of decline and gender were the two main factors significantly influencing both sNfL1 and sNfL2 levels (p < 0.01). However, only gender was shown to significantly influence sNfL changes with time (p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study, sNfL levels increased with time in ALS patients and there was no difference between subjects already treated by Riluzole and those treated after sNfL1. Further studies with larger population samples and different sampling intervals are warranted to better determine the real potential of sNfL measurement as a tool to monitor treatment response in ALS.
Phagocytic microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair
Authors: Yu Fang , Wang Yangfan , Stetler Anne R. , Leak Rehana K. , Hu Xiaoming , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsPhagocytosis is the cellular digestion of extracellular particles, such as pathogens and dying cells, and is a key element in the evolution of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Microglia and macrophages are the professional phagocytes of the CNS. By clearing toxic cellular debris and reshaping the extracellular matrix, microglia/macrophages help pilot the brain repair and functional recovery process. However, CNS resident and invading immune cells can also magnify tissue damage by igniting runaway inflammation and phagocytosing stressed—but viable—neurons.DiscussionMicroglia/macrophages help mediate intercellular communication and react quickly to the “find‐me” signals expressed by dead/dying neurons. The activated microglia/macrophages then migrate to the injury site to initiate the phagocytic process upon encountering “eat‐me” signals on the surfaces of endangered cells. Thus, healthy cells attempt to avoid inappropriate engulfment by expressing “do not‐eat‐me” signals. Microglia/macrophages also have the capacity to phagocytose immune cells that invade the injured brain (e.g., neutrophils) and to regulate their pro‐inflammatory properties. During brain recovery, microglia/macrophages engulf myelin debris, initiate synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, and sculpt a favorable extracellular matrix to support network rewiring, among other favorable roles. Here, we review the multilayered nature of phagocytotic microglia/macrophages, including the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern microglia/macrophage‐induced phagocytosis in acute brain injury, and discuss strategies that tap into the therapeutic potential of this engulfment process.ConclusionIdentification of biological targets that can temper neuroinflammation after brain injury without hindering the essential phagocytic functions of microglia/macrophages will expedite better medical management of the stroke recovery stage.
Spatial distribution of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles along the Queensland coast and an investigation into the influence of water quality on prevalence
Authors: Jones Karina , Limpus Colin J. , Brodie Jon , Jones Rhondda , Read Mark , Shum Edith , Bell Ian P. , Ariel Ellen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor‐forming disease which affects all species of marine turtle, but predominantly the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Expression of this disease is thought to be precipitated by poor environmental conditions and often linked to anthropogenically induced environmental changes. Although FP is a globally distributed disease, targeted studies on the spatial distribution of the disease in Australia are limited. Here, we present the first comprehensive report of FP prevalence in Queensland, Australia. A retrospective analysis of 25,645 capture records for 15 sites along the Queensland coast were used to determine FP prevalence and trends in foraging green turtles. Within this data set, 791 turtles (3.1%) with FP tumors were recorded. Our analysis showed that prevalence varies between sites and years, with juvenile turtles being the most frequently affected by the disease. We found that survey method has a significant influence on the apparent FP prevalence detected at each site. That is, surveys which were explicitly FP‐targeted detected higher numbers of individual turtles with FP, and therefore generated higher prevalence rates than comprehensive population surveys. We also report the first attempt at developing water quality indices (WQIs) to compare with FP prevalence data in foraging green turtles. The WQIs were built from metrics published in a range of peer‐reviewed papers, reports, and based on expert opinion. Despite utilizing an extensive data set, a relationship between FP prevalence and WQI rankings at each site could not be quantified. The analysis was confounded by a range of limitations, including data gaps, varying temporal scales and data capture methods in the FP prevalence, and water quality data sets. This study has significant implications for management as it highlights the benefits of designing and collecting centralized data that can be integrated and used across multiple projects or programs.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate for drug dosing in patients with very high or low body mass index
Authors: Donker Erik M. , Bet Pierre , Nurmohamed Azam , Serné Erik , Burchell George Louis , Friedman Allon N. , Bouquegneau Antoine , Lemoine Sandrine , Ebert Natalie , Cirillo Massimo , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Bartelink Imke H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn accurate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is essential in drug dosing. This study demonstrates the limitations of indexed (ml/min/1.73 m2) and de‐indexed (ml/min) eGFR based drug dosing in patients with obesity or underweight. This systematic study aimed to determine the most appropriate approach to estimate the GFR for standardized eGFR based drug dosing in these patients. (Raw) data of 12 studies were selected to investigate the accuracy and bias of both the indexed and de‐indexed estimations of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD‐EPI), and of the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) in patients with obesity or underweight. Accuracy was calculated as the proportion of eGFR values within 30% of the measured GFR (P30) using an inert tracer (e.g., iohexol, inulin, 51Cr‐EDTA, or iothalamate clearance). An accuracy of at least 80% was considered acceptable. GFR values estimated with the CG, MDRD, and CKD‐EPI differ significantly within a patient with obesity or underweight regardless of whether it is indexed or de‐indexed. All studies, with two exceptions, show that all three equations are inaccurate for patients with underweight or class II obesity (P30: 55%–94%). De‐indexing eGFR improves not or modestly the accuracy, and mostly remains below the 80% (P30: 62%–100%). CG was highly inaccurate in obese and underweight patients (P30: 7%–82%). Although these results show that CG is obsolete, the accuracy of MDRD and CKD‐EPI is low in patients with obesity or underweight and de‐indexing is not the solution. Better education and more accurate methods for appropriate drug dosing (e.g., measured GFR with inert tracer, therapeutic drug monitoring, or 24‐h creatinine clearance) are recommended.