bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Nature of Polar-ring Galaxies from Deep Imaging
Authors: Mosenkov Aleksandr V. , Reshetnikov Vladimir P. , Skryabina Maria N. , Shakespear Zacory 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
General structural properties and low surface brightness tidal features hold important clues to the formation of galaxies. In this paper, we study a sample of polar-ring galaxies (PRGs) based on optical imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 and other deep surveys. We investigate the deepest images of candidates for PRGs to date. We carry out photometric decomposition on the host galaxies and associated polar structures that allows us to derive the structural properties of both components. We are able to detect very faint tidal structures around most PRGs in our sample. For several galaxies, we can directly observe the formation of the polar ring due to merging, which is manifested in debris of the victim galaxy and an arc-like polar structure made up of its material. In a few cases, we can discern signs of tidal accretion. The results obtained indicate that the gravitational interaction and merging of galaxies are the most plausible mechanisms for the formation of PRGs.
Thermoelectric properties of PbTe based single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Almutairi Zeyad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermoelectric has long been recognized as a promising technology due to its ability to harvest waste heat from different sources, such as the Sunlight, vehicles, and energy-intensive industries, and thereby convert it into electricity without emitting greenhouse gases, so providing distributed solutions for sustainable energy challenges and energy efficiency issues worldwide. Lead Telluride (PbTe) is the classic thermoelectric material; however, its applications are limited by its low efficiency. The goal of the present research is to improve the energy conversion efficiency of PbTe by mixing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via simple powder processing and utilizing nanostructuring and quantum confinement effects in a synergistic way. PbTe based composites incorporating different vol% of SWCNTs were fabricated through the high-frequency induction heating furnace at ~450°C. Thermoelectric characteristics of bulk samples were tested at temperatures ranging from ~300 to ~530K. With the inclusion of nanotubes, the electrical conductivity behaviour changes from semi-metallic in pristine PbTe to semi-conducting in composites. This shows that the semiconducting nature of SWCNTs plays a major role in electrical transport. As a result, the composites’ effective electrical conductivities were lowered near room temperature, with the lowest values observed at 0.5 vol% of SWCNTs. When compared to pure PbTe, the Seebeck coefficient of the 0.5 vol% of PbTe composite improves at ambient temperature and gradually drops after ~375K. Thermal conductivity of all the composites reduces and substantial reduction was observed at 0.5 vol% of SWCNTs. The large transition from semi-metallic to semi-conducting transport in pristine PbTe to composites, as well as enhanced short-range carrier scattering, are responsible for lowering electrical conductivity and hence composites’ power factor. As a result, the significant reduction in thermal conductivities could not compensate for the loss of power factor, resulting in lower ZT values from pristine PbTe.
A three-dimensional full-scale model for predicting the performance of deep-buried ground heat exchanger considering groundwater flow
Authors: Ma Z.D. , Jia G.S. , Zhang Y.P. , Miao C.Y. , Xia Z.H. , Jin L.W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is critical to precisely determine the performance of deep-buried ground heat exchangers involving different geological layers in engineering projects of the geothermal energy utilization. Compared to the existing approaches solving only conduction between the ground heat exchanger and the surrounding ground based on the two-dimensional model, this paper established a three-dimensional full-scale coaxial ground heat exchanger model containing both aquifer and aquifuge layers involving groundwater effect. The convective heat transfer in pipes was calculated using the empirical correlation of Nusselt number to improve the computation efficiency. The groundwater velocity in the energy governing equation was assumed to be constant and along with the horizontal direction to further simplify the computation. The developed method was applied to a 2800 m and 2600 m depth ground heat exchangers with different geological conditions, and was validated by the field test and published data. The relative errors are less than 6.9%. The thermal influence ranges of the aquifer layer and the aquifuge layer close to aquifer are asymmetric about the circumferential direction. The results demonstrated that the three-dimensional full-scale model is necessary for accurately evaluating the performance of ground heat exchangers when there is groundwater migration.
Review on validation techniques of blade element momentum method implemented in wind turbines
Authors: Abdelkhalig Ashraf , Elgendi Mahmoud , Selim Mohamed Y.E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are two broad kinds of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. In the renewable energy sector, significant advancements have been made in wind energy, the world’s fastest-growing renewable energy production technology. Despite this rapid development, the wind industry must still strive to ensure that any device designed for commercial use is reliable and its performance satisfies its economic projections. The critical factor in achieving this target is rotor aerodynamics because the rotor is the part that mainly reacts with the wind. When designing a wind turbine, the assessment of the aerodynamic characteristics of the blades must be accurate. Errors may result in wrong estimates of the turbines’ performance and economic projections. If experimental measurements cannot determine these characteristics, a designer will use alternative methods. Several modeling methods have proven viable solutions for design and analysis purposes, like Blade Element Momentum (BEM) methods. BEM methods analyze the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines, but it requires validation to examine the accuracy of its results. This paper highlights and reviews BEM validation techniques implemented in wind turbine aerodynamics analyses. BEM is validated against experimental data and other advanced models, namely, higher-order vortex and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models. Nevertheless, the experimental data are essential in wind turbine studies for both understanding the aerodynamic mechanisms and validating all these models.
A review on the method for investigating carbon dioxide emissions in ASEAN
Authors: Kiwan B , Kalib N S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the past, there was a strong positive correlation between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions worldwide. However, as the effects of climate change become more pronounced, particularly in ASEAN, it is crucial to assess the relationship between these two indicators. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of standard analyses: (i) decoupling and (ii) decomposition, which are applied to assess the relationship between the two indicators within ASEAN during 2017-2020. Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam were selected and studied as these five ASEAN sovereign states constitute Tiger Cub economies that reflect the geographical diversity of ASEAN. Two analyses were deemed necessary for the methodology of this study: (i) decoupling and (ii) decomposition. The Tapio model was found to be optimal for the decoupling analysis due to its sensitivity to GDP growth in classification. For decomposition, it was also found that the Kaya identity followed by the additive LMDI-I was recommended for decomposition, mainly because it provides physical values as opposed to indices. The methodology described would create a comprehensive database of selected decoupling and decomposition indicators for benchmarking amongst ASEAN sovereign states with these considerations and recommendations.
Correlation comparison for prediction of density and viscosity of aqueous 2-(ethylamino)ethanol (EAE) for carbon capture
Authors: Ramadhan Romal , Maneeintr Kreangkrai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aqueous amine solution for carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from absorption technology such as aqueous 2-(ethylamino)ethanol (EAE), is the effective technology to capture CO2 from gas stream. Also, the density and viscosity are the important properties for the design of absorption system. The correlations to predict these properties are developed. The objectives of this work are to apply the existing correlations and to examine the correlation comparison such as the Redlich–Kister equation, Wilson model and empirical polynomial correlation to predict these properties. The measured results of viscosity and density come from the previous study. The measurement data are used to determine the excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations, which are then correlated as a function of the mass fraction and temperature by using non-linear regression method. The temperature and concentration of this study are ranging from 293.15 to 323.15 K and 0.05 – 0.30 mass fraction, respectively. The results of this work show that, among these three correlations, the Redlich–Kister equation is the most appropriate model that best corresponded with the experimental results because it can provide the lowest average absolute deviation compared with the experimental results. This model yields percent deviations of 0.054 % for density and 0.350 % for viscosity. This model can be used to predict these properties for the range of working conditions.
Effect of heating rate on oil yield and composition in co-pyrolysis of polypropylene and triglycerides from refined palm oil using ZrO2.Al2O3.TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Supramono D , Ramadhan F R , Ashshiddiq J A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polypropylene is major contributor to waste plastics, but its pyrolysis produces hydrogen radicals beneficial for deoxygenation of carboxylic acids. Fatty acids can be obtained by pyrolysis of triglycerides from refined palm oil. To investigate the possibility of the use of polypropylene as hydrogen donor and as part of hydrocarbons for producing hydrocarbons by deoxygenation of triglycerides, the present research works on catalytic co-pyrolysis of refined palm oil and polypropylene in a semibatch reactor. Two heating rates, i.e. 10℃/min and 6℃/min, were chosen to investigate their effect on liquid yield and remaining oxygen content. The C abundance in liquid product are analysed by C-NMR. The present catalyst of ZrO2.γAl2O3.TiO2 has succeeded in suppressing content of oxygen atoms in liquid product with carbon abundance associated with oxygen not more than 2%. The catalyst contains high basicity which hinders high contribution of polypropylene to the co-pyrolysis by leaving high yields of wax and non-condensable gas. By comparison of primary and secondary alkyl contents in liquid phase, catalytic pyrolysis of refined palm oil produces liquid phase with higher proportion of secondary alkyl while that of polypropylene produces liquid fraction with higher proportion of primary alkyl.
Pineapple leaf fiber supply chain analysis for the sustainability of community enterprise: a case study in Thailand
Authors: Apipatpapha T , Ongkunaruk P , Chollakup R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thailand is one of the most significant pineapple producers and exporters in the world. In 2020, the pineapple cultivation area is around 72,656 hectares, which generated agro-waste after harvesting such as leaves, rhizome, and stem. The estimation of waste from leaves is about 37.5 tons per hectare, which results in waste of around 2.7 million tons per year. In addition, most farmers burn agro-waste rather than decompose causing pollution problems. Previous research showed that pineapple leaves can be used as raw materials in other industries such as textiles, paper, packaging, reinforcing materials, etc. Meanwhile, in Thailand, very few producers have the potential to produce pineapple leaf fiber due to high production costs, insufficient production capacity, lack of knowledge and labor, etc. Therefore, this research studied the pineapple leaf fiber supply chain. The objectives were to analyze the present pineapple leaf fiber supply chain of the community enterprise, pinpoint key activities, challenges, and propose guidelines to solve problems. The related stakeholders were interviewed such as farmers, community enterprise, yarn manufacturers, collectors, and government agencies. Next, business processes were identified by applying the Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0). These main activities of IDEF0 are plan, source, make, deliver, and return. After the study, the challenges were uncertain demand, lack of break-even point and cost analysis, long production lead time and high production cost. Thus, the community enterprise should focus on finding a sustainable market, calculate the production cost analysis and apply Kaizen and Lean concepts to improve productivity and reduce production costs. Finally, our guidelines for fiber community enterprise can be employed in other community enterprises to enhance supply chain management and lead to sustainability.
Generation of air discharge plasma in the cavities of porous catalysts: a modeling study
Authors: FU Mengji , SHANG Kefeng , PENG Bangfa , LU Na , JIANG Nan , LI Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study of the behaviors of air discharge plasma inside a catalyst’s pores is important to understand the plasma catalysis mechanism; however, few articles have reported the generation characteristics of air plasma in the pores of catalysts. The production of air microdischarge in a pore was studied by a two-dimensional fluid model, mainly focusing on the effect of pore size and applied voltage. The results show that an increase in the pore size in the range of 20–100 μm facilitates the occurrence of microdischarge in the pore. In addition, at an applied voltage of 9 kV, the ionization of air mainly occurs near the topside of the pore when the pore diameter is less than 20 μm, leading to a low plasma density in the pore, but the time-averaged plasma density in the pore reaches a maximum value at a 70 μm pore diameter. Moreover, the applied voltage also has an important effect on the production of air microdischarge in the pore. The existence of a pore of 80 μm diameter on the dielectric has no obvious influence on the plasma density in the pore at 2 kV applied voltage, but the plasma density in the pore begins to sharply rise when the voltage exceeds 3 kV due to the enhanced air ionization at higher applied voltage. The study indicates that microdischarge can be generated in a pore with a size of tens of micrometers, and the microdischarge in porous catalysts will affect the catalytic degradation efficacy of gaseous pollutants.
Volume of the Minkowski sums of star-shaped sets
Authors: Fradelizi Matthieu , Lángi Zsolt , Zvavitch Artem 
Published: August 2022

For a compact set

A
⊂

R

d

A \subset \mathbb {R}^d

and an integer

k
≥
1

k\ge 1

, let us denote by

A
[
k
]
=

{

a
1

+
⋯
+

a
k

:

a
1

,
…
,

a
k

∈
A
}

=

∑

i
=
1

k

A

\begin{equation*} A[k] = \left \{a_1+\cdots +a_k: a_1, \ldots , a_k\in A\right \}=\sum _{i=1}^k A \end{equation*}

the Minkowski sum of

k
k

copies of

A
A

. A theorem of Shapley, Folkmann and Starr (1969) states that

1
k

A
[
k
]

\frac {1}{k}A[k]

converges to the convex hull of

A
A

in Hausdorff distance as

k
k

tends to infinity. Bobkov, Madiman and Wang [Concentration, functional inequalities and isoperimetry, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2011] conjectured that the volume of

1
k

A
[
k
]

\frac {1}{k}A[k]

is nondecreasing in

k
k

, or in other words, in terms of the volume deficit between the convex hull of

A
A

and

1
k

A
[
k
]

\frac {1}{k}A[k]

, this convergence is monotone. It was proved by Fradelizi, Madiman, Marsiglietti and Zvavitch [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 354 (2016), pp. 185–189] that this conjecture holds true if

d
=
1

d=1

but fails for any

d
≥
12

d \geq 12

. In this paper we show that the conjecture is true for any star-shaped set

A
⊂

R

d

A \subset \mathbb {R}^d

for

d
=
2

d=2

and

d
=
3

d=3

and also for arbitrary dimensions

d
≥
4

d \ge 4

under the condition

k
≥
(
d
−
1
)
(
d
−
2
)

k \ge (d-1)(d-2)

. In addition, we investigate the conjecture for connected sets and present a counterexample to a generalization of the conjecture to the Minkowski sum of possibly distinct sets in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

, for any

d
≥
7

d \geq 7

.
Growth-limiting drought stress induces time-of-day-dependent transcriptome and physiological responses in hybrid poplar
Authors: Robertson Sean M , Sakariyahu Solihu Kayode , Bolaji Ayooluwa , Belmonte Mark F , Wilkins Olivia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrought stress negatively impacts the health of long-lived trees. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that underpin response to drought stress is requisite for selecting or enhancing climate change resilience. We aimed to determine how hybrid poplars respond to prolonged and uniform exposure to drought; how responses to moderate and more severe growth-limiting drought stresses differed; and how drought responses change throughout the day. We established hybrid poplar trees (Populus × ‘Okanese’) from unrooted stem cutting with abundant soil moisture for 6 weeks. We then withheld water to establish well-watered, moderate and severe growth-limiting drought conditions. These conditions were maintained for 3 weeks during which growth was monitored. We then measured photosynthetic rates and transcriptomes of leaves that had developed during the drought treatments at two times of day. The moderate and severe drought treatments elicited distinct changes in growth and development, photosynthetic rates and global transcriptome profiles. Notably, the time of day of sampling produced the strongest effect in the transcriptome data. The moderate drought treatment elicited global transcriptome changes that were intermediate to the severe and well-watered treatments in the early evening but did not elicit a strong drought response in the morning. Stable drought conditions that are sufficient to limit plant growth elicit distinct transcriptional profiles depending on the degree of water limitation and on the time of day at which they are measured. There appears to be a limited number of genes and functional gene categories that are responsive to all of the tested drought conditions in this study emphasizing the complex nature of drought regulation in long-lived trees.
Conserved patterns across ion channels correlate with variant pathogenicity and clinical phenotypes
Authors: Brünger Tobias , Pérez-Palma Eduardo , Montanucci Ludovica , Nothnagel Michael , Møller Rikke S , Schorge Stephanie , Zuberi Sameer , Symonds Joseph , Lemke Johannes R , Brunklaus Andreas , Traynelis Stephen F , May Patrick , Lal Dennis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClinically identified genetic variants in ion channels can be benign or cause disease by increasing or decreasing the protein function. As a consequence, therapeutic decision-making is challenging without molecular testing of each variant. Our biophysical knowledge of ion-channel structures and function is just emerging, and it is currently not well understood which amino acid residues cause disease when mutated.We sought to systematically identify biological properties associated with variant pathogenicity across all major voltage and ligand-gated ion-channel families. We collected and curated 3049 pathogenic variants from hundreds of neurodevelopmental and other disorders and 12 546 population variants for 30 ion channel or channel subunits for which a high-quality protein structure was available. Using a wide range of bioinformatics approaches, we computed 163 structural features and tested them for pathogenic variant enrichment. We developed a novel 3D spatial distance scoring approach that enables comparisons of pathogenic and population variant distribution across protein structures.We discovered and independently replicated that several pore residue properties and proximity to the pore axis were most significantly enriched for pathogenic variants compared to population variants. Using our 3D scoring approach, we showed that the strongest pathogenic variant enrichment was observed for pore-lining residues and alpha-helix residues within 5Å distance from the pore axis centre and not involved in gating. Within the subset of residues located at the pore, the hydrophobicity of the pore was the feature most strongly associated with variant pathogenicity. We also found an association between the identified properties and both clinical phenotypes and functional in vitro assays for voltage-gated sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B) encoding genes. In an independent expert-curated dataset of 1422 neurodevelopmental disorder pathogenic patient variants and 679 electrophysiological experiments, we show that pore axis distance is associated with seizure age of onset and cognitive performance as well as differential gain versus loss-of-channel function.In summary, we identified biological properties associated with ion-channel malfunction and show that these are correlated with in vitro functional readouts and clinical phenotypes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results suggest that clinical decision support algorithms that predict variant pathogenicity and function are feasible in the future.
Identification of biomarkers for disease severity in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with upper or lower respiratory tract viral infections
Authors: Bertrand Pablo J , Vázquez Yaneisi , Beckhaus Andrea A , González Liliana A , Contreras Ana María , Ferrés Marcela , Padilla Oslando , Riedel Claudia A , Kalergis Alexis M , Bueno Susan M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) produced by viruses are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age. The immune response triggered by viral infection can induce a strong inflammation in the airways and cytokines could be considered as biomarkers for disease severity as these molecules modulate the inflammatory response that defines the outcome of patients. Aiming to predict the severity of disease during respiratory tract infections, we conducted a 1-year follow-up observational study in infants who presented upper or lower respiratory tract infections caused by seasonal respiratory viruses. At the time of enrollment, nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were obtained from infants to measure mRNA expression and protein levels of IL-3, IL-8, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. While all cytokines significantly increased their protein levels in infants with upper and lower respiratory tract infections as compared to control infants, IL-33 and IL-8 showed a significant increase in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected patients with LRTI as compared to patients with upper respiratory tract infection. We also found higher viral loads of RSV-positive samples with a greater IL-8 response at the beginning of the symptoms. Data obtained in this study suggest that both IL-8 and IL-33 could be used as biomarkers for clinical severity for infants suffering from LRTIs caused by the RSV.