bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Voices: How Do We Address Their Right to be heard?
Authors: Catts Ralph , Allan Julie , Smyth Geri 
Published: April 2022

In applied education research, a primary goal is to impact upon policy and practice in educational settings. For this reason the Schools and Social Capital (SSC) Network of the Applied Educational Research Scheme (AERS) has adopted a collaborative approach in which teachers and pupils are encouraged to engage with and inform the research process.
Projects undertaken in the SSC Network consider outcomes of schooling in the context of social capital. In planning the research activities we have noted that in many previous studies there is an absence of children’s voices. The assumption appears to be that young people are passive beneficiaries of various interventions. There are however some notable exceptions in the literature. We have identified these studies and used them to inform the methodologies to be used in our current research.
This article raises issues of ethics and validity and proposes methodologies for including children’s voice and enabling their active participation in applied research into aspects of schooling. Examples are drawn from recent research and supplemented with observations arising from the current research in the SSC Network. We conclude by posing questions about the implications for validity and also for the impact of our research.
Perspectives on Digital Technology in a Remote School Community
Authors: Davidson Julia , McQueen Irene , McConnell Fraser , Wilkinson J Eric 
Published: April 2022

The present article is based on a qualitative evaluation of the use of digital technology in a remote secondary school in the Scottish Highlands. The attitudes of teachers and pupils to the use of digital technology and the underlying tensions between formal and informal educational practices are central concerns addressed in this paper. The project was for one-year and designed to facilitate the embedding of digital technology across the curriculum.
Some of the benefits of participating in the project, according to the pupils, included an improvement in their ability to work successfully with others, independently from the teacher, and the development of their skills in creating moving images in both curricular and extra-curricular activities. Most participating teachers commented that they had improved their own ICT skills. In conclusion, some complex issues are raised in connection with schools in isolated communities.
Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) act (2004): What does it mean for the Way Teachers Work Together?
Authors: McCluskey Gillean 
Published: April 2022

The introduction of the Additional Support for Learning Act (2004) has been a significant milestone in Scotland’s understanding of issues of inclusion. The Act is already beginning to have a significant and far-reaching impact on the work of schools; requiring staff to reconceptualise what was traditionally known as ‘special needs’ and asserting a much more complex and dynamic view of the potential barriers to inclusion.
This paper explores the experiences and changing understandings of key staff (pastoral care, learning support, behaviour support) in three mainstream secondary schools as they worked to translate the new legislation into a coherent, holistic and sustainable set of practices. The paper raises some critical and timely questions about the tensions between competing priorities and roles and responsibilities for those working in education in such challenging times but also offers comment on the emerging potential of the legislation for building new confidence and capacities.
Distributed Leadership: Still in the Gift of the Headteacher
Authors: Torrance Deirdre 
Published: April 2022

Contemporary efforts to reconceptualise the teaching profession in Scotland as seen with the Donaldson (2011) Review of Teacher Education, the McCormac (2011) Review of Teacher Employment and the GTCS (2012) Review of Professional Standards are aligning themselves to certain principles. Among them, is the core principle that leadership should form an integral feature of the role of every qualified teacher. Teacher leadership is premised on a distributed perspective on leadership. However, defining leadership, distributed leadership and teacher leadership proves problematic. So too does the identification of the expectations and responsibilities related to discrete and complementary roles within school hierarchies within the suite of revised professional standards.
This article takes as its focus the problematic nature of distributed leadership. It reports on a study exploring a distributed perspective on school leadership through three headteacher case studies conducted in Scottish primary schools. It draws from a sequence of in-depth, semi-structured and narrative style interviews conducted with each headteacher, as well as from a semi-structured questionnaire and sociometric analysis conducted with staff. The article reports on six themes emerging from an analysis of the findings. The sixth dominant theme is discussed in detail. To a large extent, distributed leadership was found to be in the gift of the headteacher, actively encouraging, enabling and facilitating distributed leadership at individual and whole staff levels. Implications are drawn for educational leadership in relation to contemporary Scottish policy developments.
Multiple Intraabdominal and Pelvic Cystadenomas From Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
Authors: Wills Emory , Grenn Emily E. , Orr W. Shannon 
Published: April 2022

Serous cystadenomas are benign epithelial neoplasms of the ovary, and they typically have an average size of around 10 cm. Our patient is a 68-year-old female who originally presented with abdominal page. Our patient’s prior surgical history includes a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Computed tomography scans showed five abdominal and pelvic masses of significant size. Our patient elected to undergo exploratory laparotomy and mass excision, and all five masses were able to be removed successfully. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of serous cystadenomas consistent with ovarian origin despite our patient undergoing a previous bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Our patient presented with a rare syndrome known as ovarian remnant syndrome that is thought to be caused by difficult hysterectomy procedures and prior abdominal surgeries that can unknowingly leave ovarian remnants. Second, the patient was found to have 5 abdominal and pelvic masses, and most of the masses were a very large size.
“Delayed-Immediate” Hernia Repairs in Infected Wounds: Clinical and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Hackenberger Paige N. , Eiferman Daniel , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2022

Background Wound class in hernia repairs impacts surgical technique and outcomes. Hernia recurrence and complications are high when dirty wounds are treated in one stage. We hypothesize patients who undergo intentionally staged repairs are less likely to have adverse outcomes and associated costs. Methods Patients were identified by retrospective chart review. Patient characteristics and outcome variables were collected. An economic analysis of cost variables was performed using medical records and published meta-analyses. Results There were 8 patients in the staged repairs group and 10 patients in the control group. Length of stay was 14.9 days (±8.8), and 8.7 days (±6.4), respectively. Rate of hernia recurrence within 1 year was 14.3% and 37.5%. Rate of mesh infection at 30 days was 0% and 10%. Compared to controls, delayed-immediate repairs had a nearly 2-fold index surgical cost. Discussion Although there is an increased cost associated with delayed-immediate repairs, this cost may be offset by the decreased infection, seroma, dehiscence, enterocutaneous fistula formation, and hernia recurrence rate that necessitates future interventions. Further data collection is required to determine if clinical and economic benefit is seen long-term.
The Potential Impact of Food Insecurity in an Urban Trauma Population
Authors: Crichton Emma S. , Manhan Andrew J. , Wang Zhensheng , Woodard Jessica , Thompson Alexis N. , Sheaffer Kristin , Williams Keneeshia , Schenker Mara L. , Smith Randi N. 
Published: April 2022

Background Food insecurity (FI) has been defined as a lack of consistent access to enough food for a healthy active lifestyle. As of 12.7% of the United States are suffering from FI, which has been correlated with increased hospital costs and poorer health outcomes. Currently, limited data exists examining the relationship between trauma populations and FI despite both having similar root causes. We sought to determine this and validate a screening tool for FI in this population. Methods A cross-sectional survey study of trauma patients was conducted at a level 1 trauma center in Atlanta, Georgia. Survey questions included the first two items of the Core Food Security Module. Zip codes were used to determine FI, defined by the USDA Food Access Research and compared to individual participant survey responses. Binary classification test metrics were calculated to validate the two items as a screening tool in this population. Results The cohort included 136 patients, of which the majority were black (60.3%) and male (60.3%). Thirty-one respondents affirmed food security (22.8%) despite over half (51.5%) living in a food insecure community. The sensitivity and specificity for this screening to predict FI were 25 and 80%, respectively. Conclusion Although the specificity is high, this screening tool has a low sensitivity, accuracy, NPV, and PPV to determine food insecurity in this population. Community-level statistics suggests that food insecurity is a significant public problem amongst trauma patients. Prevention efforts should, therefore, aim to address both issues simultaneously.
Investigation of hybridization effect on ballistic performance of multi-layered fiber reinforced composite structures
Authors: Sinan Üstün Hikmet , Kaan Toksoy Ahmet , Tanoğlu Metin 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is enhancing the ballistic performance of multi-layered fiber reinforced composite structures by hybridization approach against fragment simulating projectile (FSP). For manufacturing of homogeneous and hybrid composite structures, 170 g/m2 twill weave aramid and 280 g/m2 plain weave E-Glass fibers were used with epoxy resin systems and two different thickness values for each composite panel were fabricated and tested to obtain a relationship between areal density and V50 parameters. Tensile, 3-point bending, and short beam strength tests of composite panels were performed, and ballistic performance of composite structures were measured by V50 test method with 1.1 g FSP threat. Ballistic performance of hybrid composite structures was compared with high-performance composite ballistic panel test results reported in literature. As a result, it was found that E-Glass fabric layers together with aramid fabrics increased the energy absorbing capability of hybrid composite panels and ballistic performance was enhanced to be similar or higher than ballistic fiber reinforced composites. Hence, hybridization was found to be an effective way to enhance ballistic performance of fiber reinforced composite structures.
The Association Between Adolescent Active Commuting to School and Parent Walking Behavior: The FLASHE Study
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Mason Maryann , Wang-Schweig Meme , Morrissey Joanna , Bartell Tami , Kandula Namratha R 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To examine the relationship between adolescent active commuting to school (ACS; walking or biking to/from school) and parent walking activity. Design Cross-sectional Setting US nationwide online surveys Sample 1367 parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyads among the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study participants (29.4% response rate) Measures Online surveys asked about adolescent ACS and parent walking activity in the past week. Adolescents who reported ACS at least once in the past week were categorized as engaging in ACS. Parent walking frequency was categorized into 0-2, 3-5, and 6-7 days. Analysis Logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare the probability of adolescent ACS by parent walking activity, adjusted for sociodemographic factors and adolescent-, parent-, and neighborhood-level covariates. Results 28.5% of adolescents engaged in ACS at least once in the past week. Compared to 0-2 days/week of parent walking activity, ORs for adolescent ACS for 3-5 and 6-7 days/week of parent walking activity were 1.98 (95% CI=1.38-2.87) and 1.81 (1.23-2.68), respectively. In stratified analyses by parent and adolescent sex, father-son dyads presented the strongest association between adolescent ACS and parent walking 3-5 and 6-7 days/week (ORs=4.17 [1.46-11.91] and 3.95 [1.45-10.77], respectively). Conclusions Adolescents with parents who engaged in walking activity ≥3 days/week were more likely to actively commute to school. Parent walking activity may have positive intergenerational effects on adolescent ACS and physical activity.
Analyses of mechanical properties and morphological behavior of additively manufactured ABS polymer, ABS/PBT blend, and ABS/PBT /CNT nanocomposite parts
Authors: Farajian Jafar , Alipanahi Anahita , Mahboubkhah Mehran 
Published: April 2022

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) and Fused deposition modeling (FDM) are among the most common methods of additive manufacturing technology for a variety of industries. However, the extrusion-based process of these technologies has qualified the usable materials to thermoplastics with inherently limited mechanical properties. Augmenting the properties of these materials by blending them with other polymers or their reinforcement with various additives are among the solutions to overcome this issue. This study examines the result of the introduction of Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as one of the most common thermoplastics used in FDM/FFF processes, and explores the effects of the incorporation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) to ABS/PBT blend with different filler fractions (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. In order to assess the mechanical behavior of the printed parts, standard melt flow index (MFI), tensile, three-point flexural, and notched impact tests have been performed on the produced parts. The morphological analyses through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs have been conducted to inspect the distribution of impregnated MWCNTs and the fracture behavior of the specimens. The most satisfactory improvement has been observed in printed parts of the ABS/PBT/CNT nanocomposites containing 0.3 wt.% of MWCNTs.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of combined modular prothesis and cortical strut for revision proximal femur in giant cell tumor of bone patients
Authors: Zhang Xianghong , Tang Xianzhe , Li Zhihong , Zhang Xiangsheng , Li Fuming , Tao Cheng , Liu Tang 
Published: April 2022

Background Femoral bone deficiency is a challenging problem in revision proximal femoral replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of revision proximal femoral replacement as a salvage treatment for severe bone loss after oncologic proximal replacement surgery in patient with benign giant cell tumor of bone. Methods 16 patients (6 men and 10 women) were included in this retrospective study, with a mean age of 46.6 year at the time of revision surgery. All patients underwent revision proximal femoral replacement with the use of modular prosthesis and cortical strut allografts. The modified Harris Hip Score, Short Form 36, and musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score were used for patient evaluation. Regular follow-up was performed to evaluate the recurrence and metastases rate, limb function, and long-term complications of patients. Results The average follow-up was 46.3 months (range, 26–75 months), during which there was no local recurrence and metastases of patient. At the latest follow-up, the mean modified Harris Hip Score was 70.6 points, which was significantly improved compared with that of preoperative ( p < 0.05). The final follow-up results of Short Form 36, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score, and limb-length discrepancy were also significantly improved compared to that of preoperative ( p < 0.05). At the latest follow-up, the implanted femoral stems were all stable and all cortical strut allografts were also incorporated to their own bone. Conclusion Using modular prosthesis and cortical strut allografts in revision, proximal femur replacement is an acceptable procedure for relatively young patient with severe proximal femoral bone loss after oncologic surgery with benign giant cell tumor of bone. More attentions should be paid to reduce the risk of complications in these complex reconstructions.
Self-Care Behaviors Mediate the Impacts of Social Support and Disease Knowledge on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jeong Yujin , Yu Heajin , Hwang Boyoung 
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed to test the mediation effect of self-care on the associations of social support and heart failure (HF) knowledge with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We analyzed baseline data from patients with HF ( n = 122) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS with Model 4, based on the bias-corrected bootstrap method. Higher levels of social support and HF knowledge were associated with better self-care. Better self-care was associated with better HRQOL. While social support and HF knowledge had no significant direct effects on HRQOL, they indirectly affected HRQOL through self-care. Our findings suggest that social support and HF knowledge affect HRQOL indirectly through self-care. To improve the HRQOL in patients with HF, it is necessary to motivate them to perform regular self-care by enhancing their HF knowledge and providing social support. Clinical trial identifier: KCT0002400 ( https://cris.nih.go.kr )
The effect of feedback in virtual attention training on orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo
Authors: Kim Kyunghwa , Lee Jang-Han 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of feedback in a virtual attention training program to improve the attentional characteristics of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). Method: The SCT group ( N = 60) and control group ( N = 30) were identified, and the attention network test-revised (ANT-R) was performed to measure attention characteristics. Based on this result, a virtual reality (VR) feedback attention training program was developed to improve the efficiency of engagement and disengagement of attention in SCT. Sixty participants with SCT were recruited and grouped into two conditions: VR feedback ( n = 30) and no-feedback ( n = 30) conditions. Results: The results show that the VR attention training program with feedback significantly improves the attention-orienting network. Conclusion: This suggests that it is necessary to provide immediate feedback for effective attention training for SCT and continuous intervention may be possible when feedback is provided together.
Safety of Retailed Poultry: Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli From Raw Chicken and Poultry Fecal Matter From Selected Farms and Retail Outlets in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Mensah Gloria Ivy , Adjei Vida Yirenkyiwaa , Vicar Ezekiel Kofi , Atsu Prince Sedinam , Blavo David Livingstone , Johnson Sherry Ama Mawuko , Addo Kennedy Kwasi 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To assess the safety of retailed poultry using the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli ( E. coli), a dominant intestinal microflora. Methods: Two medium-scale farms and 8 well-known retail outlets within the La-Nkwantanang Madina municipality in Accra were purposively selected for sampling from January to March 2020. We randomly sampled raw chicken (n = 25) and poultry fecal matter (n = 50). All samples were immediately transported on ice to the laboratory for analysis within 12 hours after collection. Conventional culture techniques, biochemical tests, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used for isolation and identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated E. coli strains (n = 36) was tested using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli ranged from 10.7 % (cefotaxime) to 82.1% (tetracycline) in fecal matter and 0% (gentamicin & cefotaxime) to 62.5% (tetracycline) in chicken. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in fecal samples was higher than in chicken for almost all antibiotics tested, except for cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime. Multidrug resistance was 57.1% in E. coli from fecal samples compared to 62.5% in chicken. Conclusion: The high level of resistance to E. coli in fecal matter is of public health concern because cross-contamination often occurs during slaughter and processing. This calls for close surveillance and strict adherence to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles in the chicken production chain to prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains through the food chain.