bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific protection of sensitive skin against environmental stress by maintenance and improvement of barrier function
Authors: Viodé C. , Rouquier A. , Mias C. , Questel E. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is a common condition that can severely impact quality of life. Several mechanisms are thought to be involved, including those affecting the skin barrier function, hydration and skin innervation.ObjectivesTo investigate the benefit of cream and balm formulations dedicated to sensitive skin and containing Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 (ADE‐G3) on skin barrier functions (lipid composition, pH, TEWL), as well as protective responses to dry and pollution stresses.MethodsIn vitro sensitized (using histamine) reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) were subjected to dehydration and pollution stress in the absence and presence of the formulations. Endpoint measurements included transepithelial electric resistance (TEER), stratum corneum protein expression and lipid contents. Clinical measurements included transepithelial water loss (TEWL), skin pH and the lipid index.ResultsWhen applied in cream and balm formulations, ADE‐G3, increased the TEER in sensitized RHEs. In non‐sensitized dehydrated RHEs, both formulations increased recovery of skin barrier integrity after dehydration, evident as a return of the ratios of filaggrin/profilaggrin and caspase‐14/procaspase‐14 to values measured in control non‐stressed RHEs, as well as reducing the ‘natural moisturizing factor’ to control levels. In clinical studies performed on dry human skin, the formulations helped to maintain and improve the skin barrier function. This was evident as an intense and sustained moisturization (total lipids and lipid esters were increased), an increase in pH and a decrease in the TEWL by both formulations. When exposed to pollution stress by treating the models with benzo[a]pyrene and airborne particulate matter (PM10), application of both formulations prior to exposure attenuated the induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and UGT1A7 expression, indicating a protective effect.ConclusionsADE‐G3 cream and balm formulations increased the hydration of the skin but also protected and improved the skin barrier integrity of sensitive skin exposed to dry and cold and airborne pollutant‐induced stress environments.
Optimizing future cost and emissions of electric delivery vehicles
Authors: Woody Maxwell , Craig Michael T. , Vaishnav Parth T. , Lewis Geoffrey M. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrification of delivery vehicles will play an important role in decarbonizing the transportation sector. As electricity‐generating technologies vary regionally and temporally, where electric vehicles are deployed and when they are charged will determine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cost consequences of delivery vehicle electrification. We couple a vehicle charging model with a dataset that provides hourly projections of marginal electricity cost and marginal emissions factors across 134 electricity balancing areas in the United States. We calculate the cost and emissions of charging an electric delivery vehicle over a 10‐year service life (2021–2030) at different times of day and in different locations. Using a multiobjective optimization framework, we explore two potential goals—minimizing GHG emissions and minimizing cost—and investigate the tradeoffs between those goals. We show emissions ranging from 136 to 485 g CO2/mile, and costs ranging from 0.79 to 3.18 cents/mile depending on location and optimization weighting. We demonstrate the impact of charge time‐of‐day optimization frequency, showing emissions reductions of 19–62% by choosing the optimal charging time every day, rather than annually. We show that the benefits of electrification are reduced when potential charge times are constrained (e.g., if charging must take place overnight), and we calculate the carbon price needed to align cost‐optimized and emissions‐optimized charge timing in different regions. Our results highlight the opportunity to reduce cost and emissions by strategically charging at certain times of day and show the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal variability when developing effective carbon‐reduction strategies.
The efficacy and safety of nurse‐initiated sedation management in an intensive care unit: A two‐phase prospective study in Japan
Authors: Kanda Naoki , Nakano Hidehiko , Naraba Hiromu , Kawasaki Ayako , Ohno Naoko , Yoshikawa Yurika , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Takahashi Yuji , Sonoo Tomohiro , Hashimoto Hideki , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate whether nurse‐initiated sedation management could provide more appropriate sedation compared to usual care in a Japanese intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, prospective observational study before and after implementing nurse‐initiated sedation using instruction sheets. Patients who had been admitted to a general adult ICU were enrolled. Before our ICU started nurse‐initiated sedation (pre‐implementation care), adjustment of sedatives and analgesics was performed only by a physician's written or verbal order; however, after implementing nurse‐initiated sedation, nurses titrated drugs using instruction sheets. The primary outcome was the efficacy of nurse‐initiated sedation, evaluated by the proportion achieving the target Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) score. The analgesic status evaluated by Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), days of delirium, ventilator days, ICU mortality and hospital mortality were also evaluated.ResultsThe study examined 30 patients in the pre‐implementation care phase and 30 patients in the nurse‐initiated sedation phase. The proportions achieving the target RASS were 68% in the nurse‐initiated sedation group and 42% in the pre‐implementation care group (mean difference, 25%; 95% confidence interval, 13.4%–37.5%; P <.001). Almost all measured CPOT were within the range of 0–3 during both phases. Days of delirium, ventilator days, ICU survival, and hospital survival did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsNurse‐initiated sedation management achieved a significantly higher degree of target sedation status and was incorporated as part of the care in our ICU. It is a safe approach in countries, such as Japan, where sedation protocols are not widely used.
Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Flexural Strength of the Transitional Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Suvarna Shivani , Bedrossian Armand E. , Xu Qianhui , Kuykendall William , Ramos Van , Sorenson John A , Chung Kwok‐Hung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to assess the efficacy of fiber reinforcement to enhance flexural strength of the transitional implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis (TISFDP).Materials and methodsOne hundred and forty denture acrylic resin plates (64 mm × 12 mm × 5 mm) with two 7 mm diameter holes were fabricated using heat‐polymerized type (Lucitone 199) and CAD‐CAM prepolymerized type (AvaDent) materials to simulate a chair‐side reconstruction of the TISFDP. Specimens were divided into 7 groups (n = 10) according to the airborne‐particle abrasion of titanium cylinder (Straumann) surface and locations of fiber reinforcement ribbons (Ribbond‐ULTRA). No cylinder surface abrasion and no fiber added acrylate specimens were used as the controls. The prosthetic screws were hand‐tightened on a custom fixture with analogs. Specimen hole and cylinder were joined using a 50:50 mixture of chemically polymerized resin (QYK‐SET; Holmes Dental) and repair resin (Dentsply Sirona). Ten acrylate specimens with no holes were fabricated from each tested material and assigned as positive controls. A modified four‐point bending test (ASTM standard‐D6272) was conducted using a universal testing machine and a custom fixture with a crosshead speed 1 mm/min. The maximum failure loads were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA and the Tukey tests at α = 0.05.ResultsThe flexural strength values ranged from 55.4 ±8.3 to 140.9 ±15.4 MPa. The flexural strength decreased significantly when fiber was attached on the titanium cylinder surface (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in flexural strength values between specimens with and without titanium cylinder surface abrasion (p > 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in flexural strength was observed in specimens with fibers attached around the specimen holes (p < 0.05) buccally and lingually. The obtained values were not statistically significantly different from the positive controls (p > 0.05). Some fixation screw fractures were observed before catastrophic failure of specimens during testing.ConclusionsFiber reinforcement significantly improved the flexural strength of denture acrylic resins only if placed around the specimen holes on the tension side at the site of initiation of crack propagation. Even when the specimens underwent catastrophic failure, the segments remained attached to each other with the attached fibers.
Internalizing Problems and Resilience in Primary School Students in Low and High Socioeconomic Vulnerability Establishments in Chile
Authors: Flores Jerome , Caqueo‐Urízar Alejandra , Ramírez Cristian , Díaz Patricia , Durán Claudia , López Lorena 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe processes involved in this study were 2‐fold. First, we analyzed the levels of resilience and internalized problems (defined as group of emotional symptoms) in children aged 9 to 12 years. Second, we examined whether the relationship between them varies according to the low or high vulnerability of school communities.METHODSAbout 1460 students from schools in northern Chile participated. A total of 52.6% were girls, and 47.4% were boys. The scales of internalizing problems of the System of Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) and the short scale of resilience (CYRM‐12) were applied. Correlations in each group and differences between groups were analyzed using a MANOVA. A 2‐level path analysis was also performed.RESULTSResilience was higher in the context of low vulnerability while depression, social anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology were greater in the context of high vulnerability. A 2‐level path analysis showed that the slope of gender, anxiety, and depression symptomatology varies between schools and an interaction effect between vulnerability and anxiety symptomatology.CONCLUSIONThere are differences in the relationship between internalized problems and resilience according to whether the students belong to low or high vulnerability establishments. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between internalizing problems and resilience.
Cognitive Complexity Training Reduced Gender Harassment in a Small Japanese Company1, 2
Authors: Kobayashi Atsuko , Tanaka Ken'ichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined a training program for developing cognitive complexity (cognitive complexity training [CCT]) for reducing gender harassment using data of workers in an actual work environment. CCT was conducted with 20 Japanese employees. The participants were administered the Gender Harassment Scale consisting of two subscales: the Commission (e.g., marginal role expectations of women, such as serving coffee and making photocopies) and the Omission (e.g., exclusion of women from essential jobs and core roles). The participants responded to the Gender Harassment Scale before CCT, right after CCT, and at the 2‐week follow‐up assessment. The results indicated that participants' post‐CCT and follow‐up Commission scores significantly improved compared to their pre‐CCT scores.
Effects of mandatory military and alternative community service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
Authors: Puhani Patrick A. , Sterrenberg Margret K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military and alternative community service by exploiting the post‐cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. The study is based on retrospective survey information for 655 men from the 1970 to 1984 birth cohorts collected in 2009/10 and after, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military's medical exam as a control variable. We test for the effects of mandatory service on wages, employment, volunteer work, marriage/partnership status, and satisfaction with various aspects of life. Whilst many estimates are not statistically significant, for the younger birth cohorts 1976 to 1984, we find some evidence of a lower hourly wage due to mandatory military service, which shows a negative point estimate of −15% with a large confidence interval of between −30 and −0.2%. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands. However, we also find statistically significant estimates for both military and alternative community service to increase participation in volunteer work, a hitherto rarely explored effect.
Theory‐based nutrition education intervention through male involvement improves the dietary diversity practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in rural Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Tsegaye Dereje , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaternal undernutrition is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects women in low‐income countries. Despite attempts to address maternal nutritional needs, Ethiopia still has a high rate of undernutrition. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of theory‐based nutrition education through male engagement on dietary practice and the nutritional status of pregnant women. A pretest−posttest quasi‐experimental study was conducted among 403 pregnant women selected from 22 kebeles of Illu Aba Bor zone, Southwest Ethiopia from July to December 2019. A pre‐tested, structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A qualitative 24‐h dietary recall was used to assess dietary diversity, and the Mid‐Upper Arm Circumference was used to assess nutritional status. The intervention effect was evaluated using difference‐in‐difference, generalized estimating equation, and linear mixed‐effects models. The mean dietary diversity score differed significantly between the couple group, women‐alone and the control group (p < 0.001). According to the multivariable generalized estimating equations model, couples were 3.9 times; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.91, 95% CI: (2.57, 6.88) and women alone were 2.8 times; AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (2.17, 3.88) more likely to consume a diverse diet than the control group. The nutritional status of the women in the couple group improved significantly by the end of the intervention (p < 0.001). This study showed that involving males in nutrition education intervention was effective in improving the dietary diversity practice and nutritional status of pregnant women. The findings imply the need for targeting couples in designing nutrition education interventions.
Diurnal increases in depths of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother‐calf pods off West Maui, Hawaiʻi: A response to vessels?
Authors: Pack Adam A. , Waterman James O. , Craig Alison S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) habitat use in their Hawaiian breeding grounds have revealed that mother‐calf pairs favor shallow waters to avoid harassment from males. However, human activity in these same waters may exert an opposing force on habitat use. To investigate this hypothesis, instantaneous scan samples of whale and vessel distribution were collected from West Maui, Hawaiʻi. Theodolite position fixes were combined with GIS techniques to determine the depths and seabed terrain type occupied by 161 humpback whale pods containing a calf (calf pods) and 872 pods without a calf (noncalf pods). We found no significant diurnal trends for noncalf pods, but calf pods occupied progressively deeper water over the course of each day. There was no evidence that this shift was related to (1) a “spillover” resulting from high mother‐calf density in shallow water, (2) harassment by males occupying the same space as mother‐calf pairs, or (3) the presence of mainly older and larger calves. However, while diurnal trends of whale‐watching vessels largely mirrored those of mother‐calf pods, nonwhale‐watching vessels tended to remain in shallower waters throughout the day. These results suggest that nearshore vessels may negatively impact the natural preference of mother‐calf pairs for shallow waters.
Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children in Northern Mato Grosso 2015‐2020
Authors: Correia Neocimar Saraiva , Balbinot Rayssa Tuanna Schmidt , Bonacorsi Cibele , Donofrio Fabiana Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDermatomycoses, fungal diseases that affect the superficial layers of skin, hair or nails, are a public health concern due to their high prevalence. In Brazil, dermatomycoses are not notifiable diseases, so only fragmented epidemiological studies have been reported in the national literature. To evaluate the epidemiological profile of dermatomycoses in preschoolers and school children in Sinop, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil.MethodsClassic methods were used to perform 782 mycological examinations to identify dermatophytosis, cutaneous candidosis and pityriasis versicolor in preschoolers and school children aged between 6 months and 12 years in 11 educational institutions in Sinop, MT.ResultsAmong the evaluated clinical specimens, 5.2% tested positive for dermatophytosis, with 58.45% of these cases corresponding to tinea capitis, followed by skin (tinea corporis and tinea pedis) and toenail (tinea unguium) lesions; zoophilic fungi predominated. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex were isolated in 53.66% and 24.39% of the cases, respectively. Regarding cutaneous candidosis, 9.1% of the specimens tested positive for this disease, with 59.16% and 12.7% of the cases corresponding to toenails and interdigitoplantar lesions, respectively. Candida albicans caused 70.43% of the lesions. The remaining specimens (85.7%) tested positive for pityriasis versicolor; children aged between 6 and 12 were the most affected (71.79%).ConclusionOur results agree with most epidemiological studies carried out in Brazil and demonstrate the high frequency of mycoses in preschoolers and school children, a result of poor personal hygiene and favourable weather conditions in Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
The need for individualizing teaching and assurance of knowledge transmission to patients training for home dialysis
Authors: McIsaac Mark , Chan Christopher T. , Auguste Bourne L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatients have varied learning styles and this has implications for home haemodialysis (HHD). Assessment tools directed toward understanding these styles remains understudied. As a consequence, this may lead to substandard retention rates or adverse events in HHD programs. As part of a continuous quality improvement initiative we have aimed to improve our understanding of patient learning styles and consequently tailor home dialysis training to individuals. To objectively determine knowledge translation and comprehension, irrespective of learning styles, we have introduced an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This assessment tool allows for further refinement of educational priorities by highlighting both deficiencies and strengths. Thereafter, an exit OSCE ensures patients attain an acceptable standard to complete home haemodialysis independently. We hope this tool will help shape future training criteria for HHD programs and consequently reduce adverse event rates.
Putting the university to work: The subsumption of academic labour in UK's shift to digital higher education
Authors: Ivancheva Mariya , Garvey Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper considers how the formal and real subsumption of academic labour in UK higher education are exposed and exacerbated by the move towards online teaching, assessment and communication. These processes have been expedited by the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak and attention is drawn to the technology‐driven organisational and operational innovations that are transforming academic divisions of labour and labour processes. These changes, particularly in relation to the separation of research and teaching, and to the deprofessionalisation, modularisation, and outsourcing of the latter, are the focus of the paper. We argue that the formal subsumption of knowledge production (research) through commercialisation dovetails with a real subsumption of socially reproductive work (teaching) that is undergoing qualitative transformation in an increasingly marketised higher education sector. We show how digitalisation actively contributes to the growing standardisation and flexibilisation of work, deepens long‐standing gendered divisions of labour, and dissolves even further the blurred work/life boundaries for precariously employed workers. These new hallmarks of the contemporary subsumption present new challenges to workers and their collective organisations in Higher Education.
Tracing the neglect of lakes in New Zealand's freshwater politics
Authors: McFarlane Kiely , Šunde Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the material, social and legal drivers of contemporary lake politics in Aotearoa New Zealand through semi‐structured interviews with freshwater experts. Despite the rise of freshwater as a mainstream political issue, we find that lakes receive limited attention in a national discourse dominated by rivers and streams. We elaborate how the slow accumulation of environmental changes in lakes, a history of reactive legislation, variability in regional governance and social disconnection from lakes collectively contribute to a ‘politics of neglect’. We suggest pathways towards a revitalised lake politics that draws attention to the health and values of diverse waterbodies.
EstomatoNet: A 5‐year experience of an oral medicine telediagnosis service
Authors: Roxo‐Gonçalves Michelle , da Silva Santos Ingrid , Lucas de Oliveira Guattini Verônica , Domingues Martins Manoela , Trevizani Martins Marco Antônio , Goulart Molina‐Bastos Cynthia , Rodrigues Gonçalves Marcelo , Coelho Carrard Vinicius 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveEstomatoNet is an online service driven by primary health care professionals to support diagnosis and decision‐making for oral lesions. This study aimed to describe the experience of the service, depicting use cases and its impact on the referral to specialised services.Materials and methodsPatient/applicant demographics and information related to their oral lesions and/or complaints were retrieved from the service's cloud‐based platform. The differential diagnosis provided by the applicants, their level of satisfaction and the teleconsultant's opinion in terms of diagnosis and management were also reported. The teleconsultant's suggestion was cross‐referenced with the data from the regulation system to verify the avoidance of referral.ResultsOut of 2,002 teleconsultations, most patients were women (55.1%) and 50.1% were aged between 20 and 59 years. Applicants (96.5%) generally considered the service very satisfying/satisfying. Potentially malignant disorders were reported in 19.6% of cases and 7.7% were suspected to be malignant. The referral of 37.3% of patients was avoided after the suggestion of keeping the patient in the primary health care system (k = 0.234; p < 0.001; 62.2% agreement).ConclusionThe use of EstomatoNet for oral mucosal lesions improves support for primary health care professionals in the management of lesions and reduces referral to specialised services.