bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Methazole Formulation and Rate on Shoot and Root Growth of Three Container-grown Woody Ornamentals1
Authors: Williams David J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two formulations, 5G and 75WP, of methazole (2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5 dione) applied at 1.7, 3.4 and 6.8 kg ai/ha effectively controlled Digitaria sanguinalis L. (large crabgrass) and Portulaca oleracea L. (common purslane) in container-grown Cotoneaster apiculata Rehd. & Wils., Euonymus kiautschovicus Loes. cv. Manhattan and Juniperus chinensis L. cv. San Jose. All rates of the 75WP formulation reduced the shoot and root dry wt of Cotoneaster and Euonymus.
Altered Fruiting and Growth Characteristics of ‘Delicious’ Apple Associated with Irrigation Method1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Middleton J. E. , Roberts S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Redspur Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) on seedling roots were grown from planting with water applied 1) daily by trickle irrigation in amounts determined by water use from companion trees grown in lysimeters, 2) daily by overtree sprinkler irrigation in amounts determined from daily pan evaporation, and by 3) overtree sprinkling every 2 weeks in amounts needed to return soil moisture to field capacity. Trees grown with trickle irrigation flowered and set fruit in their 3rd and 4th seasons. Most of the sprinkled trees had not flowered by their 4th year. The average length of shoot growth was less, but more buds broke on the trickle-irrigated trees resulting in equivalent total shoot growth on all treatments.
Correcting Iron Deficiency of Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Minner D. D. , Butler J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iron chelates, iron salts, and acid-treated mine tailings significantly increased turfgrass greening of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) when compared to control plots. Turf treated with iron salts and acid mine tailings after 384 days were significantly darker green than those treated with chelates. There was a positive correlation between turf color, total leaf iron, and chlorophyll 17 days after treatment, but not after 384 days.
Root System and Root Regeneration Characteristics of Pin and Scarlet Oak
Authors: Struve Daniel K. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three- to 4-cm caliper pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), a species considered easy to transplant, had greater total root length and more first, 2nd, and 3rd order lateral roots than similar sized scarlet oak (Q. coccinea Juench.), a species considered difficult to transplant. One-year-old seedlings initiated roots 2 weeks earlier in spring and regenerated more roots after 12 weeks than did scarlet oak. Girdled, dormant scarlet oak seedlings regenerated similar numbers of roots as ungirdled plants, while girdled, dormant pin oak seedlings regenerated fewer roots. Removing buds from dormant seedlings decreased root regeneration by pin oak, but had no effect with scarlet oak.
‘Mount Emory’ Mountain Sage
Authors: Simpson Benny J. , McWilliams E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Salvia regla Cav. is native in Texas only in the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, located in Brewster County (1, 5, 6). It is found in Mexico from Coahuila and Durango to Oaxaca with the type from Regia in the state of Hidalgo (5). In the Chisos, it is found in Oak Creek Canyon, Lost Mine Trail, and Green Gulch; it is especially prevalent around the western slopes of Mount Emory at altitudes of generally over 1610 m (1 mile). It is called the Queen of the Chisos Mountains and is considered by many the most beautiful of all the autumn-flowering shrubs (6). Mountain sage is found in dappled shade and is quite spectacular when in bloom from June to October. It is a favorite of many species of hummingbirds and is browsed by deer. It becomes a prime attractant to hummingbirds on their return migration to the tropics in September-October when planted out of its natural environment.
‘Solano’, ‘Sonora’, and ‘Padre’ Almonds
Authors: Kester D. E. , Asay R. N. , Micke W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three new cultivars of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb syn. P. amygdalus Batch] are released for distribution. ‘Solano’ has a high-quality kernel and could be grown in combination with ‘Nonpareil’ for simultaneous bloom and sequential harvest. ‘Sonora’ has a high-quality kernel, blooms earlier than ‘Nonpareil’, and could be used as a substitute for or in combination with ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ and ‘Peerless’. ‘Padre’ is a high-yielding, late-blooming cultivar that could be planted together with or as a substitute for the ‘Mission’.
Protoplast Fusion for Plant Improvement
Authors: Sink K. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most horticultural plant breeders probably are skeptical of the “potential for crop improvement by genetic manipulation through the use of protoplasts,” which has been professed optimistically in review papers and at genetic engineering conferences and meetings (45). This attitude may be warranted to some degree (43). Certainly, the ability to manipulate quantitatively inherited traits will be very difficult to achieve. Exogenous DNA may be introduced into protoplasts, but the subsequent integration, phenotypic expression, and sexual transmission of the new DNA are prerequisite to any possible exploitation by plant breeders. Significant advances have been and are being made presently, however, toward the realization of somatic cell genetic manipulations by the use of protoplasts. These efforts should increase genetic diversity of available germplasm and provide more efficient means for handling specific traits at various steps in plant breeding.
Genetic Engineering: The Relationship Between Industry Academia and Plant Scientists
Authors: Lower Richard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The title of this presentation might well have been either: Publish, Perish, Patent, Profit or Genetic Engineering: An Achilles Heel for Agricultural Research (7). References to academia in this discussion are specific to or encompass only public or land-grant institutions unless mention is made of privately endowed schools. It might be appropriate to define the role of land-grant institutions and then attempt to see if we are measuring up to land-grant philosophies as the gap is bridged between the exciting new biotechnology areas and state agricultural experiment stations. It is the latter that employ most of us.
In Vitro Propagation of Vanilla planifolia
Authors: Kononowicz Halina , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot proliferation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) by axillary branching was achieved in a basal medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog salts supplemented with (per liter) 0.1 mg thiamine-HCl, 0.5 mg pyridoxine-HCl, 100 mg i-inositol, 0.5 mg nicotinic acid, 2.0 mg glycine, 1 g casein hydrolysate, 30 g sucrose, 8 g agar, and 0.5 mg 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Rooted shoots were established successfully in the greenhouse using an organic medium (redwood bark chips).
Growth and Rooting of Grape Shoot Apices in Vitro
Authors: Li Jia-Rui , Eaton G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips from ‘Marechal Foch’ and ‘Cascade’ were pretreated in 6-benzylamino purine (BA) solution at 0, 1.33 × 10−3, 2.22 × 10−3, or 3.94 × 10−3 m and cultured in media containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0, 2.9 × 10−6 or 5.7 × 10−6 m. Higher concentrations of either BA or NAA reduced the effectiveness of the other in increasing dry weight of shoot tips. Shoots obtained were pretreated in indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1.48 × 10−3, 2.46 × 10−3, or 3.94 × 10−3 m and then placed in water, half-strength, or full-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). Rooting of both cultivars was improved by IBA pretreatment with maximum rooting at concentrations of 2.46 × 10−3 or 3.94 × 10−3 IBA and usually in half-strength MS.
In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Leaf Disks of Hausa Potato (Coleus parviflorus)
Authors: Asokan M. P. , O’Hair S. K. , Litz R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf disks of Hausa potato (Coleus parviflorus Benth.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Optimum adventitious shoot development on the explant was obtained using 6.0 to 8.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) in combination with 2.5 to 4.0 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot regeneration was obtained from callus following callus subculture on media with 4.0 to 8.0 mg/liter BA in combinations with 1.5 to 4.0 mg/liter NAA. Rooting was induced on shoots by transfer to a growth regulator-free medium.
The Effect of Seaweed Concentrate on Growth of Nutrient-stressed, Greenhouse Cucumbers
Authors: Nelson W. R. , Van Staden J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A commercially available seaweed concentrate (Kelpak 66) was applied to nutrient-stressed plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativa L. cv. Pepinova) as a root dip at transplant or as a weekly foliar spray. Overall plant dry mass was increased by the seaweed treatment. Those plants receiving higher levels of seaweed treatment showed greatly increased root growth.
Effect of Row Covering, Transplant Size, and Partial Defoliation in the Production of Early Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Fritz V. A. , Honma S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) transplants grown under a protective, wax-coated paper cover were subjected to various degrees of defoliation (0%, 25%, and 50% of the foliar length) to determine the effect on the incidence of premature bolting and transplant shock recovery. Various transplant sizes (3–4, 5–6, and 7–8 true leaves) were used to determine differences in vernalization sensitivity and bolting ability. Protective tunnels significantly reduced the percentage of bolters. Olders transplants (7–8 leaves) without protection were superior in preventing bolting. The 5–6 transplants grown under tunnels produced the best overall yield. Partial defoliation failed to show consistent results on all parameters measured from year to year and from soil to soil.
The Vegetable Seed Industry and Public Plant Breeding: Some Concerns
Authors: Grant Vest H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, the USDA/ARS announced a policy on cultivar development which calls for a reduction of 2 million dollars for breeding of horticultural crops (1). It has been indicated that this reduction will take place “upfront,” early in the proposed 6-year readjustment period. A significant decline in the number of public vegetable breeders also is projected in the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) by the year 1990 (unpublished data, H. Brooks and G. Vest, 1983 National Survey of Horticulture Administrators). Many believe that this decline in numbers has begun already. Coupled with the loss of ARS breeding programs, this reduction by SAES could signal the end of significant public investment in genetic improvement of important vegetable crops. There has not been a corresponding increase in private plant breeding activity for most vegetable crops to compensate for the reduction in the public sector.
Simazine and Atrazine—Suppression of Denitrification
Authors: McElhannon William S. , Mills Harry A. , Bush Parshall B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of the s-triazines simazine [2-chloro-6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine] and atrazine [2-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine and nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine] in suppressing denitrification was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse studies. Parameters used to measure suppression of denitrification were N2 and N2O evolution, soil NO3-N, and plant N (% N × dry weight). Simazine and atrazine significantly reduced N2O evolution in laboratory incubation studies, but had no effect on N2 evolution, while nitrapyrin reduced both N2 and N2O evolution. In greenhouse studies, 0.5 mg kg-1 soil of simazine and atrazine, and 2.0 mg kg-1 soil of nitrapyrin increased soil NO3-N and plant N as compared to the control. It is concluded that simazine and atrazine inhibited denitrification under greenhouse and laboratory conditions and, therefore, that increased media NO3-N availability is the most likely explanation why N concentration in the plant tissue was higher.
In Vitro Propagation of Exacum
Authors: Torres K. C. , Natarella N. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multiple shoot formation was obtained from terminal and lateral buds excised from stems of Exacum affine on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog salts, vitamins, sucrose, agar plus 0.01 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg/liter kinetin. Root formation occurred at the expense of shoot production at 1.0 mg/liter NAA plus 0.1 mg/liter kinetin. Individual shoots could be rooted directly under normal greenhouse conditions.
Rapid Multiplication of Bananas and Plantains by In Vitro Shoot Tip Culture
Authors: Cronauer Sandra S. , Krikorian A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapidly multiplying cultures of dessert banana clones (‘Philippine Lacatan’ and ‘Grande Naine’) and plantain clones (‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’) were established from isolated shoot tips on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA). The growth rates of these cultures, expressed as increase in fresh weight over a 4-week period, were assessed. Rooted plantlets were produced using the auxins naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 1 mg/liter with low levels of activated charcoal (0.025% w/v).
In Vitro Propagation of Escarole from Leaf Explants
Authors: Subramanya R. , Schwandes L. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf margin explants of escarole (Cichorium endivia L.) were cultured in 3 basal media [Doerschug and Miller (DM), Gamborg and Wetter (B5), and Murashige and Skoog (MS)] and 5 sets of growth regulators [kinetin + 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), kinetin + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA) + 2,4-dichlo-rophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), N6 isopentenyladenine (2iP) + NAA, and BA + NAA] in factorial combination. Maximum shoot production was obtained in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/liter NAA and 1.0 mg/liter BA. The shoots were rooted in ¼ concentration MS basal medium without any growth regulators. Successful transplantation into soil and growth to maturity was achieved with all explants.
An Electrophoresis Method for Water-soluble Protein of Prunus
Authors: Huang Feng Hou , Tsai Sonia , Rom Roy C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An extraction, concentration, and electrophoresis method is described for water-soluble proteins from Prunus species. Protein band patterns were obtained from cambia of 1- to 2-year growth of F1 hybrid plum, its parental plum species, and peach and nectarine cultivars.
Improving the Rooting of Peach Hardwood Cuttings under Field Conditions
Authors: Erez A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hardwood cuttings of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and exposed to constant temperatures between 3° and 15°C for 44 to 47 days rooted well only at a temperature of 12° or higher. The medium temperature threshold for root formation seems to lie between 9° and 12°. Covering moist sand in winter outdoors at The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, with polyethylene raised the temperature at a depth of 35 cm by over 1° on bright days and improved rooting of the cuttings.
Rootstock Influences the Chilling Requirement of ‘Rome Beauty’ Apple in Brazil
Authors: Couvillon Gary A. , Finardi Nelson , Magnani Marcio , Freire Claudio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rootstock has been shown to influence the chilling requirement of pear (Oregon) (9) and peach (New Jersey) (10). This is not surprising because the rest influence moves across graft unions (1) and the scion and stock differ genetically and may have different chilling requirements. However, it has been reported that under the chilling conditions characteristic of the major California pear districts, rootstock had little or no influence on bloom date or chilling requirement (5). Also, budbreak and/or bloom of ‘Croncels’ (3), ‘Delicious’, and ‘McIntosh’ (4) were not influenced by early and late leafing stocks.
A Third Muskmelon Male-sterile Gene
Authors: McCreight J. D. , Elmstrom G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 3rd recessive, male-sterile gene in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is named male sterile-3 and symbolized ms-3. Male sterile-3 is phenotypically distinct from male-sterile genes ms-1 or ms-2.
Effects of Genotype and Within-row Spacing on the Stability of Sex Expression in Cucumber
Authors: Nienhuis J. , Lower R. L. , Miller C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two gynoecious pickling cucumber inbred lines, GY 14-2 and GY 2, and 4 hybrids derived from crosses of these gynoecious lines by a monoecious determinate (M 20-2), and a monoecious indeterminate line (M 11) were grown at densities of 1, 2, and 4 plants per hill, all at populations of 84,000 plants/ha. Increasing numbers of plants/hill reduced the percentage of pistillate nodes/plant in all hybrids, the number of flowering nodes in both gynoecious inbred lines and their hybrids, and the percentage of gynoecious plants in both gynoecious inbred lines, and in their hybrids with the determinate M 20-2 line.
Influence of Ammonium Peroxydisulfate and Ethephon on Glucosinolates in ‘Laurentian’ Rutabaga
Authors: Chong Calvin , Poapst P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yields of the glucosinolate breakdown products, goitrin, volatile isothiocyanates, and thiocyanate were determined in long-stored roots of ‘Laurentian’ rutabaga [Brassica napus L. (Napobrassica group)] after preharvest treatments with 2 defoliants, ammonium peroxydisulfate (persulfate) at 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 0 and 1000 mg/liter, applied in all combinations. Root fresh weight and the 3 glucosinolate breakdown products were significantly influenced by persulfate applications (main effects), but not by ethephon. While the volatile isothiocyanates decreased progressively with increasing persulfate concentrations, goitrin was increased with applications of 0.5% persulfate. Thiocyanate was increased by applications of 0.5% persulfate and by 0.75% persulfate combined with ethephon.
Pepper Yields from Fluid Drilling with Additives and Transplanting
Authors: Ghate Suhas R. , Phatak Sharad C. , Batal K. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Germinated seeds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were fluid drilled in loamy sand and sandy soils on 5 sowing dates with additives daminozide, diphenamid, gibberellic acid, phenamiphos, and metalaxyl. Two sets of greenhouse transplants were produced from germinated seeds. The plants of the first set (T1) were transplanted in the field at the time of field seeding. The second set (T2) was greenhouse seeded on the field sowing dates and was transplanted later in the field. Gel additives did not affect total fruit yield. The T1 transplants produced significantly higher total yields than did the field-seeded crop. However, yields from these transplants were equal to or less than those from the field-seeded crop when the yields from the first 6 harvests were compared on Tifton loamy sand. Yields from the T2 transplants were similar to those obtained by field sowing. Yields in loamy sand were higher than those in sandy soil at all plantings for all treatments.
Effects of Hand-pinching and Dikegulac-sodium Sprays on Capsicum annuum
Authors: Matta Frank B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of dikegulac-sodium (sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(1-methylethylidene)-alpha-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid) at 722 and 2888 ppm and hand-pinching significantly increased branching of chili pepper cultivars ‘Sandia’, ‘NM 6’, and ‘Espanola 1’ (Capsicum annuum L.). Both dikegulac-sodium concentrations were equally effective in increasing branching. Hand-pinching and dikegulac-sodium at 722 ppm did not influence plant height. Dikegulac-sodium at 2888 ppm significantly reduced plant height. Hand-pinching and dikegulac-sodium at 722 ppm delayed first harvest by 9 days. Dikegulac-sodium at 2888 ppm delayed first harvest by 34 days. Dikegulac-sodium at 5053 ppm resulted in death of treated plants. All concentrations of dikegulac-sodium decreased yield.
Effects of Root-zone Heating on Growth and Flowering of Calceolaria
Authors: White John W. , Biernbaum John A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A crop of Calceolaria herbeohybrida Voss, was grown from December 1979 through March 1980 using a 16-week production schedule and nightbreak lighting to accelerate flowering. A second crop was grown from March through June 1980 without lighting. Root-zone heating of 20° to 22°C increased shoot fresh and dry weights and flower number but had no effect on days to anthesis. Plants at ambient (10° to 12°) root-zone temperature were of poor quality and underdeveloped; while plants with root-zone heating were well-developed with an adequate number of flowers. Root-zone heating was less effective for the March to June crop.
Radicle Growth of Grasses and Legumes in Response to Temperature
Authors: Masiunas J. B. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of Andropogon gerardii Vitman., Panicum virgatum L., Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray., Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex H.B.K.) Lag ex. Griffiths, Lotus corniculatus L. ‘Empire’, Bromus inermis Leyss., Trifolium hybridum L., Medicago sativa L. Subsp. Sativa ‘Vernal’, and Poa pratensis L. ‘Park’ were pregerminated and grown for 48 hours at 5°C increments between 12° and 37° and at 47°. No radicle growth occurred at 47° for any species. Maximum growth occurred at 27° for B. inermis and 32° for P. virgatum and A. gerardii. For other species, maximum growth occurred over a range of temperatures from 22° to 32°. P. pratensis and B. inermis, C-3 grasses, had no growth but B. gracilis, P. virgatum, and A. gerardii, C-4 grasses, had significant radicle growth at 37°C.
Effects of Temperature on Radicle Growth of Lolium multiflorum, Bouteloua curtipendula, and Lespedeza stipulacea
Authors: Masiunas J. B. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim., and Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. were grown at 5°C increments between 12° and 37°, 47°, and at alternating temperature regimes of 17°/10°, 25°/18°, 30°/24°, 37°/30°, or 43°/36°. Radicle growth for all species was inhibited at 12° or 17°, and under all alternating temperature cycles. Maximum growth for Lo. multiflorum occurred at 22°, and at 32° for Le. stipulacea and B. curtipendula. No species grew at 47°.
Production Light Levels and Pesticides: Postproduction Effects on Dizygotheca elegantissima
Authors: Elliott Mark S. , McConnell D. B. , Joiner J. N. , Short D. E. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of Dizygotheca elegantissima (Hort. Veitch) R. Vig & Guillaum (false aralia) were grown for 90 days under maximum, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 797 or 278 μmol s−1m−2 and then treated with 2 pesticides (diazinon or dicofol) in 2 formulations [emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or wettable powder (WP)]. Plants were sleeved, held under simulated shipping conditions for 5 days at 22° ± 1°C, followed by simulated foliage plant warehouse conditions for 10 days at 20° ± 1°. Root and shoot quality ratings were 2-fold better at 278 than 797 μmol s−1m−2 PAR. Light compensation points (LCP) and percentage of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels were lower while root TNC levels were higher in plants grown under 278 than 797 μmol s−1m−2 PAR. The percentage of leaf abscission ratio of 278 and 797 μmol s−1m−2 PAR plants was similar to their LCP ratio. Plants had higher tissue levels of N, P, and K and lower levels of Mg and Ca grown at 278 than 797 μmol s−1m−2 PAR. Canopy width of dicofol WP-treated plants grown under 797 μmol s−1m−2 PAR decreased during simulated shipping and warehousing. Pesticide effects on other measurements were not detected.