bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exfoliated MoS2 on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Tribological properties of Copper matrix nanocomposite via hot pressing method
Authors: Mohamed Hossam , Abd-Elhameed Ehab , Ali Ahmed I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aims to exfoliate the molybdenum disulfide to flakes and use it in strengthening copper matrix to reduce the rate of mechanical wear and reduce the coefficient of friction, consequently increasing the life of copper composites that are used as self-lubricating bushings. Three samples by mixing for 15 hrs were prepared: pure copper, copper with 10% alumina, and copper with a mixture of alumina and molybdenum disulfide in a ratio of 1:1 (Cu, Cu/10 Al2O3, and Cu/ hybrid (10 Al2O3-10 MoS2)). Before adding the hybrid of alumina/MoS2 with copper, they were mixed for 40 hrs to peel the molybdenum disulfide and cover the alumina particles with it. The Hot-pressing method was used to manufacture prepared samples. The crystal structure of the compositions, microstructure, density, and Raman spectra have been studied. Mechanical properties, including hardness, mechanical wear rate, and coefficient of friction, were investigated for the fabricated pieces. The mixing for 15 hrs improves the exfoliation of the MoS2 flakes inside the copper matrix. The hardness measurements showed a clear improvement by adding alumina and the mixture of alumina/MoS2. The copper sample reinforced with the hybrid of alumina/MoS2 gave the lowest mechanical wear rate and the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.17.
Climate Related Trends in U.S. Hazardous Material Releases Caused by Natural Hazards
Authors: Santella Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Natural hazards are the underlying cause of between 1 and 7 percent of federally reported hazmat releases in the US every year. During the period from 1990 through 2019 the fraction of releases caused by natural hazards has increased, in large part due to increased releases from hurricanes as well as floods, storms and wind. Many of these events are minor, but some have resulted in large and expensive releases as well as deaths, injuries, and evacuations. Inter annual variability of these releases are correlated with occurrence of extreme weather and associated climate indices. Given observed and future predicted increases in extreme weather events, it is likely many of these types of releases will continue to increase. Greater attention to management of natural hazard risk to industry, and in particularly to bulk storage facilities, is required to prevent further increase in the frequency and severity of these events.
A Fractional Model Approach for Drug Concentration in Blood
Authors: AWADALLA MUATH , NOUPOUE YVES YANNICK YAMENI , ABUASBEH KINDA , GHILOUFI NOUREDDINE 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article studies a pharmacokinetics problem which is the mathematical modeling of a drug concentration in a human blood over time, starting from when the drug is administered. Results are obtained using fractional calculus theories. A fractional derivative known as Psi-Caputo plays a substantial role in the study. We proved existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem using the psi-Caputo fractional derivative. Application of the results on a data set showed that a psi-Caputo with the kernel ψ = x + 1 was the best approach as it leaded to mean square error of 0.04065. The second best was the simple fractional method whose error was 0.05814 and, finally the classical approach with an error of 0.07299.
Spinal transection switches the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 from the facilitation to inhibition of ejaculation
Authors: Masugi-Tokita Miwako , Kubota Shigehisa , Kobayashi Kenichi , Yoshida Tetsuya , Kageyama Susumu , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) is a member of the group III mGluRs, which localize to presynaptic active zones of the central nervous system. We previously reported that mGluR7 knockout (KO) mice exhibit ejaculatory disorders, although they have normal sexual motivation. We hypothesized that mGluR7 regulates ejaculation by potentiating the excitability of the neural circuit in the lumbosacral spinal cord, because administration of the mGluR7-selective antagonist into that region inhibits drug-induced ejaculation. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism of impaired ejaculation in mGluR7 KO mice, we eliminated the influence of the brain by spinal transection (spinalization). Unexpectedly, sexual responses of mGluR7 KO mice were stronger than those of wild-type mice after spinalization. Histological examination indicated that mGluR7 controls sympathetic neurons as well as parasympathetic neurons. In view of the complexity of its synaptic regulation, mGluR7 might control ejaculation by multi-level and multi-modal mechanisms. Our study provides insight into the mechanism of ejaculation as well as a strategy for future therapies to treat ejaculatory disorders in humans.
Enhancing the properties of PVDF/ MFe2O4; (M: Co-Zn and Cu-Zn) nanocomposite for the Piezoelectric Optronic applications.
Authors: El-Masry Mai M. , Ramadan Rania 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer is considered as an encouraging piezoelectric material whose optical properties need to be enhanced. Zinc ferrite is an excellent photoelectric material, in the present work it was doped separately by (cobalt and copper) ferrite. Co-ZnFe2O4 and Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized to be used as PVDF fillers, aiming to improve its optical properties. The optical properties as well as, the piezoelectric response of the prepared PVDF/ (Co-ZnFe2O4 and Cu-ZnFe2O4) nanocomposites were investigated. A significant improvement in the PVDF relative permittivity, optical conductivity, refractive index, non-linear susceptibility, and a great reduction in the band gap energy value is obtained by adding Co-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles to it. However, Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles have limited improvement of the PVDF optical properties compared to the Co-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. as Co-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles increases the PVDF optical conductivity σopt. four times its original value as well as the dielectric values was increased from 0.05 for neat PVDF to 2. The piezoelectric response of the PVDF polymer is clearly increased by the addition of both Co-ZnFe2O4 and Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles.
Climate change impact on the geographic distribution of Nepeta glomerulosa, medicinal species endemic to southwestern and central Asia
Authors: Karami Sahar , Ejtehadi Hamid , Moazzeni Hamid , Vaezi Jamil , Behroozian Maryam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable species, but their geographic distributions may be limited or exposed to extinction by climate change. Therefore, research on medicinal plants in the face of climate change is fundamental for developing conservation strategies. Distributional patterns for a semi-endemic medicinal plant species, Nepeta glomerulosa, distributed in southwestern and central Asia was determined based on a maximum–entropy algorithm. We evaluated potential geographic shifts in suitability patterns for this species under two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) of climate change for 2050. Our models indicate that the species occupies montane areas under current conditions; transfer of the model to future climate scenarios indicated that suitable areas for the species will decrease, and the species will likely shift towards higher elevations. But the types and degrees of these shifts differ among areas. Our findings can be used to inform conservation management programs for medicinal, endemic, and endangered species in southwestern and central Asia.
Pseudoprogression and peritumoral edema due to intratumoral necrosis after gamma knife radiosurgery for meningioma
Authors: Jung In-Ho , Chang Kyung Won , Park So Hee , Jung Hyun Ho , Chang Jong Hee , Chang Jin Woo , Chang Won Seok 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: Peritumoral cerebral edema is reported to be a side effect that can occur after stereotactic radiosurgery. We aimed to determine whether intratumoral necrosis (ITN) is a risk factor for peritumoral edema (PTE) when gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is performed in patients with meningioma. In addition, we propose the concept of pseudoprogression: a temporary volume expansion that can occur after GKRS in the natural course of meningioma with ITN. Methods: This retrospective study included 127 patients who underwent GKRS for convexity meningioma between January 2019 and December 2020. Risk factors for PTE and ITN were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Analysis of variance was used to determine whether changes in tumor volume were statistically significant.Results: After GKRS, ITN was observed in 34 (26.8%) patients, and PTE was observed in 10 (7.9%) patients. When postoperative ITN occurred after GKRS, the incidence of postoperative PTE was 18.970-fold (p=0.009) greater. When a 70% dose volume ≥1 cc was used, the possibility of ITN was 5.892-fold (p<0.001) higher. On average, meningiomas with ITN increased in volume by 128.5% at 6 months after GKRS and then decreased to 94.6% at 12 months.Conclusions: When performing GKRS in meningioma, a 70% dose volume ≥1 cc is a risk factor for ITN. At 6 months after GKRS, meningiomas with ITN may experience a transient volume expansion and PTE, which are characteristics of pseudoprogression. These characteristics typically improve at 12 months following GKRS.
Flood Vulnerability Characteristics Considering Environmental Justice and Urban Disaster Prevention Plan in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Son Cheol Hee , Ban Yong Un 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate environmental injustice and analyze flood vulnerability characteristics in consideration of environmental justice and urban flood disaster prevention planning. We investigated various urban disaster prevention factors applied to the urban development process in Seoul from the perspective of environmental justice. Flood risk areas were identified and flood damage data from 2000 to 2018 were collected. Furthermore, a panel analysis was performed and the final model was selected. The flood vulnerability characteristics were found to be detached houses having basements, aged detached houses, land area for detached houses, public assistance recipients, and population aged 65 years or above, which had impact factors of 8.323, 3.781, -2.877, 3.257, and 2.637, respectively. The results indicate that not only the socially vulnerable population lacks the ability to respond to floods, but buildings and areas with poor residential environments also suffer from flood damage. This implies that there is socioeconomically disproportionate exposure (termed as environmental injustice) in the process of urban flood prevention planning and urban development. Our results can contribute qualitatively and quantitatively to prepare a flood prevention plan based on environmental justice paradigm.
The Prehospital to Emergency Department Hand Over Model (PEDHOM): a conceptual model addressing content, process, and communication in prehospital to Emergency Department handover
Authors: Makkink Andrew William , Stein Christopher Owen Alexander , Bruijns Stevan Raynier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Patient handover is closely linked to patient safety. As the first interaction with the healthcare system, emergency department handovers are critically significant. Addressing content, process and communication aspects of handover has the potential to improve patient safety and decrease the incidence of adverse events. Methods: We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to gather data in Study One (quantitative) and Study Two (qualitative). Study One gathered questionnaires from 175 prehospital and 50 emergency department personnel. Study Two drew from the data in Study One and involved conducting face-to-face, semi-structured interviews from 15 prehospital and 15 emergency department personnel. Results: Study One provided quantitative data related to the importance of variables included in handover content and additional information related to handover within the ED from the perspectives of both prehospital and ED personnel. Study Two provided qualitative data on experiences and perceptions related to handover within the ED from the perspectives of both prehospital and ED personnel. These data were used to develop the Prehospital to Emergency Department Hand Over Model (PEDHOM) conceptual model that was synthesized from the findings. Conclusion: This PEDHOM addresses some of the content, process and communication aspects in prehospital to ED handover. The PEDHOM identifies barriers to effective ED handover and postulates potential solutions or strategies to addressing these barriers. The PEDHOM has potential for implementation in the ED and in healthcare environments other than the ED where interprofessional handover is practiced.
A Study On Prescriptions Contributing To The Risk Of High Anticholinergic Burden In Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Retrospective Record Linkage Study
Authors: Ward Laura , Cooper Sally-Ann , Henderson Angela , Stanley Bethany , Greenlaw Nicola , Pacitti Christine , Kinnear Deborah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: People with intellectual disabilities face a disproportionate risk of experiencing high anticholinergic burden, and its negative sequalae, at younger ages than the general population. Our aim was to determine the source of that burden from prescribed medication. Methods: Retrospective matched observational study using record linkage. Adults with (n=4,305), and without (n=12,915), intellectual disabilities matched by age-, sex- and neighbourhood deprivation. The main outcome measure was the prescription of long-term (approximately 9 months use) anticholinergic medications overall, by drug class, individual drugs, and polypharmacy.Results: 38.4% and 23.6% of adults with, and without, intellectual disabilities were prescribed medications long-term with anticholinergic properties. Of those on such drugs, adults with intellectual disabilities were most likely to be on central nervous system (62.6%), gastrointestinal (46.7%), and cardiovascular (28.4%) medications. They were prescribed more central nervous system, gynaecological/urinary tract, musculoskeletal, and respiratory medications, and less cardiovascular, infection, and endocrine medications than their matched comparators. Regardless of age, sex, or neighbourhood deprivation, adults with intellectual disabilities had greater odds of being prescribed antipsychotics (OR=5.37 [4.40-6.57], p<0.001), antiepileptics (OR=2.57 [2.22-2.99], p<0.001), and anxiolytics/hypnotics (OR=1.28 [1.06-1.56], p=0.012). Adults with intellectual disabilities were more likely to be exposed to overall anticholinergic polypharmacy (61.3% (n=1,013), 54.7% (n=1,668) respectively, OR=1.48 [1.33-1.66], p<0.001), and to psychotropic polypharmacy than adults without intellectual disabilities (33.7% (n=558), 14.3% (n=435) respectively, OR=2.79 [2.41-3.23], p<0.001).Conclusions: Adults with intellectual disabilities are exposed to a greater risk of having very high anticholinergic burden through polypharmacy from several classes of medications, which may be prescribed by several different prescribers. Clinicians need to be cognisant of this issue, and the potential adverse consequences. These findings highlight the need for regular medication reviews to reduce inappropriate prescribing and adverse anticholinergic effects.
Protective effects of MSC-conditioned medium on DFO-induced mimetic-hypoxia injury of renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Zhou Tianbiao , Liao Chunling , Weng Wenjuan , Yang Lujun , Liu Yiping , Yang Qian , Chen Guangyong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly characterized by inflammatory infiltration, the damage and death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), in which hypoxia plays an important role. Deferoxamine (DFO) inducing cells’ mimetic-hypoxia injury is a well-accepted renal injury model in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cell - conditioned medium (MSC-CM) can reduce local inflammation and repair tissue. In this study, we explored the effect of MSC-CM on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: NRK-52E cells with the treatment of DFO25uM for 24 hours could be well-accepted RTECs’ injury model using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect cell viability and Western Blot to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in NRK-52E cells with the treatment of different concentrates of DFO for 24 hours. Then three groups of NRK-52E cells were used in experiments, including normal control (NC), DFO25uM, DFO25uM+MSC-CM. MSC-CM was used to culture cells for 12 hours before DFO treatment, then fresh MSC-CM and DFO 25uM cocultured cells for another 24 hours. Then the cell samples were collected. Results: Using Western Blot and cellular immunofluorescence, we found MSC-CM could reverse the DFO-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1, α-SMA, HIF-1α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). DFO 25uM coculturing NRK-52E cells for 24 hours could simulate hypoxia well; HIF-1α and SRC-1 might be the harmful factors promoting EMT in NRK-52E cells during DFO mimetic-hypoxia.Conclusions: Our results suggest that MSC-CM have a protective effect on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia by down-regulating HIF-1α and SRC-1 which may be the harmful factors in renal injury.
Decreased expression of miR-23b is associated with poor survival of endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Włodarski Paweł K. , Klicka Klaudia , Grzywa Tomasz M. , Klinke Alicja , Mielniczuk Aleksandra , Wejman Jarosław , Ostrowska Joanna , Gondek Agata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common types of cancer of the female reproductive system. EC is classified into two types (EC1 and EC2). MiRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. They have aberrant expression profiles in cancer, including EC. This study aimed to assess the level of expression of a panel of 16 miRNAs in both types of EC and healthy endometrium (HE). A total of 45 patients were enrolled into the study, 18 patients diagnosed with EC1, 12 diagnosed with EC2, and 15 HE controls. Tumor tissues or healthy endometrial tissues were dissected from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) using laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was isolated from collected material and the expression of selected miRNAs was determined using the real-time qPCR. We found that miR-23b, miR-125b-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-451a were downregulated in EC in comparison to HE. Moreover, the expression of miR-34a-5p and miR-146-5p was higher in EC1 compared to EC2. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database confirmed decreased levels of miR-23b, miR-125b-5p, and miR-199a-3p in EC. Decreased miR-23b expression was associated with worse survival of EC patients.
Development and validation of an extended Cox prognostic model for patients with ER/PR+ and HER2‒ breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: XIE YIQUN , LI XIZHOU , WU YING , CUI WENTING , LIU YANG 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to explore a new ER/PR + and HER2 − breast cancer prognostic model, called the extended Cox prognostic model, for determining the cutoff values for multiple continuous prognostic factors and their interaction via the new model concept and variable selection method.
Methods
A total of 335 patients with ER/PR + and HER2– breast cancer were enrolled for the final analysis. The primary endpoint was breast cancer-specific mortality. Prognostic factors (histological grade, histological type, stage, T, N, lymphovascular invasion, P53, Ki67, ER, PR, and age) were included in this study. The four continuous variables (Ki67, ER, PR, and age) were partitioned into a series of binary variables that were fitted in the multivariate Cox analysis. A smoothly clipped absolute deviation variable selection method was used. Model performance was expressed in discrimination and calibration.
Results
We developed an extended Cox model with a time threshold of 164 weeks (more than 3 years) postoperation and developed a user-friendly nomogram based on our extended Cox model to facilitate clinical application. We found that the cutoff values for PR, Ki67, and age were 20%, 60%, and 41–55 years, respectively. There was an interaction between age and PR for patients aged ≥ 41 years and PR ≥ 20% at 164 weeks postoperation: the older the patients with ER/PR+, HER2-, PR ≥ 20% were, the lower survival and more likely to recur and metastasize exceeding 164 weeks (more than 3 years) after surgery.
Conclusions
Our study offers guidance on the prognosis of patients with ER/PR + and HER2‒ breast cancer in China. The new concept can inform modeling and the determination of cutoff values of prognostic factors in the future.
Demographic history of two endangered Atlantic eel species, Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata
Authors: Feng Xiu , Liu Shenglin , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
European (Anguilla anguilla) and American eel (A. rostrata) are panmictic catadromous fish species, which have experienced recent drastic population declines amounting to just a few percent recruitment relative to levels prior to 1980. However, little is known about the extent of recent population declines relative to historical fluctuations. We analyzed demographic histories of the species using a method for reconstructing skyline plots based on site frequency spectra, in this case derived from restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) markers. The results showed very high effective population sizes ranging in the millions for most of the time range covered. Both species experienced ancient declines coinciding with the time of speciation (ca. 170,000 generations ago) and at a later stage where secondary contact occurred (ca. 90,000 generations ago). Whereas the demographic histories of the species were similar most of the time, they followed widely different trajectories from ca. 70,000 to 40,000 generations ago. However, for the past ca. 30,000 generations both species have shown demographic stability, even across glacial and interglacial periods. We discussed the possible environmental factors, including ocean current changes and geomagnetism reversal that could have affected demographic history and further suggest that southward displacement of spawning regions and continental distribution could explain the apparent stability even during glaciations. The recent declines appear unprecedented against a backdrop of long-term demographic stability, underpinning concerns that low density of spawners in the huge spawning region could lead to detrimental Allee Effects.