bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illustrating a Species Sensitivity Distribution for Nano- and Microplastic Particles Using Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling
Authors: Takeshita Kazutaka M. , Iwasaki Yuichi , Sinclair Thomas M. , Hayashi Takehiko I. , Naito Wataru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Environmental contamination with nano- and microplastic (NMP) particles is an emerging global concern. The derivation of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) is an essential step in estimating a hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5), and this HC5 value is often used as a “safe” concentration in ecological risk assessment, that is, predicted-no-effect concentration. Although properties of plastics such as particle size can affect toxic effect concentrations, such influences have not yet been quantitatively considered in estimating SSDs for NMP particles. We illustrate a log-normal SSD using chronic lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) of NMP particles from readily available toxicity data sets, considering the influence of particle size, polymer type, and freshwater or marine test media by adopting Bayesian hierarchical modeling techniques. Results of the hierarchical SSD modeling suggest that the SSD mean was negatively associated with particle size and was lower in marine media than in freshwater media. The posterior medians of the HC5 estimated from the LOEC-based SSD varied by a factor of 10 depending on these factors (e.g., 1.8–20 μg/L for the particle size range of 0.1–5000 μm in the marine environment). Hierarchical SSD modeling allows us to clarify the influences of important factors such as NMP properties on effect concentrations, thereby helping to guide more relevant ecological risk assessments for NMP. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:954–960. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Deriving species sensitivity distributions for nano- and microplastic particles that quantitatively incorporate the influence of particle size, polymer type, and freshwater or marine test media on toxic effect concentrations.
Physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from the seed cakes of Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Wei Meidan , Hu Yuxin , Zou Wanshuang , Li Yanping , Cao Yiyang , Li Shangtong , Huang Jing , Xing Lingyu , Huang Bingjie , Wang Xiaoyin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeed cake refers to the food by‐product of Camellia oleifera Abel, and its insufficient utilization can cause serious environment pollution and resource waste. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide from the seed cakes of Camellia oleifera Abel (COCP) in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical property of COCP was also determined. COCP was characterized to be an acidic glycoprotein and mainly consisted of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), and galacturonic acid (Gal‐UA). COCP exhibited the polysaccharide's characteristic absorption in the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and showed as sheet‐like structures with a smooth surface under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). COCP exerted good scavenging activities on ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals, with IC50 values of 2.94, 2.24, and 5.09 mg/ml, respectively. COCP treatment improved learning and memory abilities of D‐galactose‐induced aging mice. Significant decreases were found in the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, as aging mice were supplemented with COCP. Aging mice showed obviously higher malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in serum, brain, liver, kidney, and heart. The phenomena were noticeably reversed when mice were treated with COCP. Results indicated that COCP exerted excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo, which support its potential application as a natural antioxidant in food and medicine industries.
Novel nonthermal food processing practices: Their influences on nutritional and technological characteristics of cereal proteins
Authors: Mollakhalili‐Meybodi Neda , Nejati Roghayeh , Sayadi Mehran , Nematollahi Amene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCereals, as the main crops cultivated and consumed in the world, are a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, and minerals. Despite the nutritional importance, their technological applicability in food matrices is also considerably important to be determined. Cereal processing is done to achieve goals as increasing the shelf‐life, obtaining the desired technological function, and enhancing the nutritional value. Nonthermal processing is preferred regarding its potential to provide beneficial impacts with minimum adverse effect. Technological functionality and nutritional performance are considered as the most basic challenges through cereal processing, with proteins as the main factor to take part in such roles. Technological and nutritional functionalities of proteins have been found to be changed through nonthermal processing, which is generally attributed to conformational and structural changes. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the impact of nonthermal processing on nutritional and technological characteristics of cereal proteins.
Pricing VXX options by modeling VIX directly
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we first develop a theoretical and model‐free VXX formula in terms of Volatility Index (VIX) futures in both discrete and continuous forms. The discrete form of VXX can quantify the roll yield of VXX, which can be used to explain VXX's underperformance. Using the log‐normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (LOU) diffusion model, we show how the number of rolls of VIX futures affects the VXX option pricing formula and its implied volatility (IV). To further verify the nonflat IV of VXX, the VXX option pricing formula under the LOU with stochastic volatility model is also derived. Finally, we analyze their pricing performance, and the ability to forecast implied volatilities.
Gray matter volumetric correlates of dimensional impulsivity traits in children: Sex differences and heritability
Authors: Chen Yu , Ide Jaime S. , Li Clara S. , Chaudhary Shefali , Le Thang M. , Wang Wuyi , Zhornitsky Simon , Zhang Sheng , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research investigated the cerebral volumetric correlates of impulsivity largely in moderate‐sized samples and few have examined the distinct correlates of dimensions of impulsivity, sex differences, or heritability of the correlates. Here, we performed voxel‐based morphometry analysis of data (n = 11,474; 5,452 girls, 9–10 years) curated from the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project. In a linear regression with all five UPPS‐P subscores as regressors and age in months, total intracranial volume, study site, and scanner model as covariates, higher levels of lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking were correlated with larger cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes (GMVs). In contrast, higher positive urgency was correlated with smaller GMVs in many of the same regions. The dimensional impulsivity traits also involved distinct volumetric correlates, with, for instance, sensation seeking and positive urgency specifically implicating bilateral caudate head/mid‐cingulate cortex and bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex/left precentral gyrus, respectively. Boys relative to girls scored higher in all impulsivity dimensions. Girls relative to boys showed significantly stronger positive and negative correlations between sensation seeking and insula, putamen, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) GMVs and between positive urgency and cingulate cortex, insula, and IFG GMVs, respectively. With a subsample of twins, the dimensional impulsivity traits were weakly to moderately heritable in both girls and boys, and the GMV correlates were highly heritable in girls and boys combined. These findings collectively suggest shared and nonshared as well as sex differences in the cerebral volumetric bases of dimensional impulsivity traits and may facilitate research of externalizing psychopathology in children.
Attention module improves both performance and interpretability of four‐dimensional functional magnetic resonance imaging decoding neural network
Authors: Jiang Zhoufan , Wang Yanming , Shi ChenWei , Wu Yueyang , Hu Rongjie , Chen Shishuo , Hu Sheng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Qiu Bensheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDecoding brain cognitive states from neuroimaging signals is an important topic in neuroscience. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been recruited for multiple brain state decoding and achieved good performance. However, the open question of how to interpret the DNN black box remains unanswered. Capitalizing on advances in machine learning, we integrated attention modules into brain decoders to facilitate an in‐depth interpretation of DNN channels. A four‐dimensional (4D) convolution operation was also included to extract temporo‐spatial interaction within the fMRI signal. The experiments showed that the proposed model obtains a very high accuracy (97.4%) and outperforms previous researches on the seven different task benchmarks from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. The visualization analysis further illustrated the hierarchical emergence of task‐specific masks with depth. Finally, the model was retrained to regress individual traits within the HCP and to classify viewing images from the BOLD5000 dataset, respectively. Transfer learning also achieves good performance. Further visualization analysis shows that, after transfer learning, low‐level attention masks remained similar to the source domain, whereas high‐level attention masks changed adaptively. In conclusion, the proposed 4D model with attention module performed well and facilitated interpretation of DNNs, which is helpful for subsequent research.
Decoding task specific and task general functional architectures of the brain
Authors: Gupta Sukrit , Lim Marcus , Rajapakse Jagath C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to capture complex and dynamic interactions between brain regions while performing tasks. Task related alterations in the brain have been classified as task specific and task general, depending on whether they are particular to a task or common across multiple tasks. Using recent attempts in interpreting deep learning models, we propose an approach to determine both task specific and task general architectures of the functional brain. We demonstrate our methods with a reference‐based decoder on deep learning classifiers trained on 12,500 rest and task fMRI samples from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The decoded task general and task specific motor and language architectures were validated with findings from previous studies. We found that unlike intersubject variability that is characteristic of functional pathology of neurological diseases, a small set of connections are sufficient to delineate the rest and task states. The nodes and connections in the task general architecture could serve as potential disease biomarkers as alterations in task general brain modulations are known to be implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders.
Sustaining maternal and child health programs when donor funding ends: A case study of stakeholder involvement in Indonesia
Authors: Aji Budi , Anandari Dian , Soetikno Henny , Sumawan Herman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has been a dearth of evidence in exploring the role of stakeholders in making the transition process from donor to local responsibility successful in relation to maternal and child health programs to date. This study aimed to generate practical experiences concerning stakeholder involvement in sustaining maternal and child health programs when donor support ends, so as to lead systematic strategies for supporting the success of the post‐transition process and capture critical challenges of the programme's sustainability. This study employed Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with district healthcare stakeholders such as hospital managers, district health officers, community health centres, community associations and local authorities. In‐depth interviews one to one with the local authority, health staff, informal leaders, and traditional birth attendants were conducted. From the final research project sample of participants, we extracted the interviews to analyse their narratives. Content analysis revealed 5 main themes from the FGDs and interviews: (1) Stakeholders' collaborative culture and organisational capacity; (2) Stakeholders' commitment; (3) Challenges in partnership and coordination; (4) Barriers to sustainable local financial support (5) Policy for maintaining institutionalisation. Two areas of concern were the priorities for follow‐up to sustain the maternal and neonatal care programme and factors responsible for the continuation when donor funding ends, specifically longevity of stakeholder engagement and commitment and internal resource capacity for long‐term implementation. Recommendations include increased networking of active cooperation from all levels of administration, especially with a top‐down approach involving the national, provincial, down to the district and community‐based networks.
Targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment
Authors: Shi Run , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Ankai , Xiong Xingxing , Zhang Jie , Xu Jiang , Sy Man‐Sun , Li Chaoyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Interactions between tumor cells and collagen influence every step of tumor development. Type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix and is frequently upregulated during tumorigenesis. The binding of type I collagen to its receptors on tumor cells promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Type I collagen also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, type I collagen fragments are diagnostic markers of metastatic tumors and have prognostic value. Inhibition of type I collagen synthesis has been reported to have antitumor effects in animal models. However, collagen has also been shown to possess antitumor activity. Therefore, the roles that type I collagen plays in tumor biology are complex and tumor type‐dependent. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of synthesis of type I collagen, as well as the role upregulated type I collagen plays in various stages of cancer progression. We also discuss the role of collagen in tumor therapy. Finally, we highlight several recent approaches targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID‐19 co‐infection in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Rajan Mamta , Sachan Shikha , Abhinay Abhishek , Yadav Dawesh Prakash , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: February 2022

shortCo‐infection with COVID‐19 in pregnant women with pre‐existing HBV infection led to a higher proportion of preterm deliveries and lower mean birth weight.
Obesity is associated with improved postoperative overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Yoon Young Cheol , Kim Hyun Su , Cha Min Jae , Kim Jae‐Hun , Kim Kyunga , Kim Hye Seung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the obesity paradox is a topic of immense interest for oncologists and epidemiologists, the mechanism underlying this unexpected benefit of obesity is poorly understood. We explored the prognostic value of obesity and its association with skeletal muscle mass.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the data of patients who underwent surgical excision for lung adenocarcinoma between January 2011 and December 2015. Body mass index was categorized according to the criteria of the Asia‐Pacific classification. Cross‐sectional areas of the skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were measured. Skeletal muscle mass status was defined based on the cut‐offs of skeletal muscle index (cm2/m2), calculated as the area of skeletal muscle divided by height squared. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences in survival probabilities were compared using the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to determine the association with overall survival.ResultsA total of 636 patients with a median age of 61 years (interquartile range, 54.0–68.5 years; 321 men and 315 women) were included. Obese patients (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) had longer overall survival than non‐obese patients (mean, 110.2 months vs. 98.7 months; log‐rank P = 0.015). Under multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, obesity was associated with longer overall survival after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.86; P = 0.007). The prognostic value of obesity remained and predicted favourable overall survival after additional adjusting for skeletal muscle mass status (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.89; P = 0.014), skeletal muscle index (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.84; P = 0.008), or skeletal muscle area (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.98; P = 0.041). No association was observed between skeletal muscle mass status and the impact of body mass index on overall survival (P for interaction = 0.512).ConclusionsObesity was associated with favourable overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass, after surgical excision of lung adenocarcinoma.
The impacts of electronic versus waiter ordering on consumer's healthy food choice
Authors: Wu Hui , Zhou Ling , Ali Faizan , Chen Ji‐hong , Niu Mulin , Hu Jinyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the advancement of technology and the widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, catering operators have favored electronic ordering due to its convenience and safety. However, little research has examined whether the change from traditional waiter ordering to electronic device ordering would affect consumers' healthy eating. Based on previous research of self‐control, this article explores whether ordering by electronic device or waiter prompts healthier food choices. Through four experimental studies conducted in China, our findings demonstrated that whether ordering by electronic device or waiter is also one determinant of healthy eating. Compared to waiter ordering, consumers would make healthier food choices through electronic ordering, because it relives the time pressure brought on by the interpersonal waiter interaction. Whereas electronic ordering may be effective only if there is no waiting line or only for consumers who have a relatively low degree of trait self‐control. The findings advance the understanding of determinants of healthy eating, as well as enrich the literature that explores the difference between human and electronic service.
SNR‐efficient distortion‐free diffusion relaxometry imaging using accelerated echo‐train shifted echo‐planar time‐resolving imaging (ACE‐EPTI)
Authors: Dong Zijing , Wang Fuyixue , Wald Lawrence , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo develop an efficient acquisition technique for distortion‐free diffusion MRI and diffusion‐relaxometry.MethodsA new accelerated echo‐train shifted echo‐planar time‐resolved imaging (ACE‐EPTI) technique is developed to achieve high‐SNR, distortion‐free diffusion, and diffusion‐relaxometry imaging. ACE‐EPTI uses a newly designed variable density spatiotemporal encoding with self‐navigators for phase correction, that allows for submillimeter in‐plane resolution using only 3‐shot. Moreover, an echo‐train‐shifted acquisition is developed to achieve minimal TE, together with an SNR‐optimal readout length, leading to ∼30% improvement in SNR efficiency over single‐shot EPI. To recover the highly accelerated data with high image quality, a tailored subspace image reconstruction framework is developed, that corrects for odd/even‐echo phase difference, shot‐to‐shot phase variation, and the B0 field changes because of field drift and eddy currents across different dynamics. After the phase‐corrected subspace reconstruction, artifacts‐free high‐SNR diffusion images at multiple TEs are obtained with varying T2* weighting.ResultsSimulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments were performed, which validated the 3‐shot spatiotemporal encoding provides accurate reconstruction at submillimeter resolution. The use of echo‐train shifting and optimized readout length improves the SNR‐efficiency by 27%‐36% over single‐shot EPI. The level of image distortion was also evaluated, which shows no noticeable susceptibility and eddy‐current distortions in ACE‐EPTI images that are common in EPI. The time‐resolved acquisition of ACE‐EPTI also provides multi‐TE images for diffusion‐relaxometry analysis.ConclusionACE‐EPTI was demonstrated to be an efficient and powerful technique for high‐resolution diffusion imaging and diffusion‐relaxometry, which provides high SNR, distortion‐ and blurring‐free, and time‐resolved multi‐echo images by a fast 3‐shot acquisition.
Grafting alkynyl groups on the surface of nano‐aramid fibers towards flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Liu Wei , Dong Huixin , Chen Wenjiao , Piao Junxiu , Ren Jinyong , Wang Yaofei , Wang Yaxuan , Feng Tingting , Jiao Chuanmei , Chen Xilei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, para‐aramid fibers were dispersed into para‐aramid nanofibers (ANF) by deprotonation process, and then modified by 3‐chloropropyne (PC) via covalent bonding interaction. The resultant nanofiber (ANF‐PC) as a flame retardant was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to obtain fire‐retardant TPU nanocomposites. The addition of 0.250 wt% ANF‐PC reduced the peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke release, and peak CO release rate of TPU by 47.7%, 31.5%, 16.4%, and 45.1%, respectively. The char yield of TPU/ANF‐PC0.250 was increased from 7.7% (TPU/ANF0.250) to 13.7%. The flame‐retardant effect of ANF‐PC in TPU composites can be attributed to its carbonization effect in the condensed phase, which increased the char yields and graphitization degree of char residue. In addition, the presence of ANF‐PC increased the tensile strength and breaking strain of TPU by 645% and 578% compared to untreated ANF, due to the improved dispersion state of ANF‐PC.
Synthesized polyurethane from p‐toluenesulfonyl isocyanate and epichlorohydrin via salen catalysis
Authors: Chen Xing , Hu Chenyang , Xu Huidi , Qu Rui , Hu Xiaohong , Yang Jie , Song Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) as a multifunctional material has been produced by various methods. In this work, a series of novel chloric PUs are made from p‐toluene sulfonyl isocyanate (TSI) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) via direct salen catalysis under mild temperature. Catalytic efficiency and activity of salen metal complexes are analyzed and evaluated. The salen‐cobalt (III) (DNP) exhibits high yield, excellent urethane selectivity, narrow polymer weight distribution in bulk polymerization with the molar ratio of TSI with catalyst changing. And compared to bulk polymerization, salen‐cobalt (III) (DNP) can promote the reaction better in solution polymerization and synthesize the product with higher molecular weight. The obtained polymer shows excellent thermal stability, and its thermal degradation starts from 240.8°C. So, it will provide experience for developing functional PU under mild reaction conditions.