bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological, molecular, and immune responses to milk thistle extract administration in goats during peripartum period
Authors: Ghanem Nasser , Mabrok Hoda B. , Shedeed Sameh M. , Abd El-Wahab Walaa M. , Shakweer Waleid M.E. , Mohamed Mamdouh I. , ElSabaawy Eman H. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Using natural compounds as additives in livestock nutrition could be a new goal in livestock production. Milk thistle extract is rich in bioactive compounds such as silymarin, which act as a strong antioxidant agent.

Objective
The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile, oxidative statue, and immune response after milk thistle extract administration in goats during the peripartum period.

Materials and methods
Multiparous pregnant Egyptian Nubian goats (n=16) were allocated into four experimental groups. The first group was kept as the control group. The second group was administrated milk thistle extract (10 g/day), whereas third and fourth groups were administrated 20 and 30 g/day for 4 months, respectively. Blood biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of antioxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and peroxiredoxin 2] and transcription factor (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2) were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results and conclusion
Biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) in plasma of groups administrated with milk thistle extract did not significantly differ compared with the control group. Milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day) significantly increased the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX), total antioxidant capacity, and total immunoglobulin in cases compared with the control group. Moreover, milk thistle extract (20 or 30 g/day) significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (inflammatory biomarker) in cases compared with the control group. The results indicated a significant increase in transcript abundance of CAT, GPX1, and SOD1 mRNA in the three groups administrated with milk thistle extract compared with the control group. However, mRNA expressions of SOD2, peroxiredoxin 2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 were significantly up-regulated after administration with milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day). Milk thistle extract exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulator effects during pregnancy and lactation in goat and maintained normal physiological functions.
An Evaluation of Micronutrient Status in Severe Obesity and Follow-Up Assessment after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Khan Saba Amin , Sachan Astha , Arumugaswamy Prasanna Ramana , Singh Archna , Aggarwal Sandeep , Yadav Rakhee 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Micronutrient deficiency is common in obesity despite surplus weight and high caloric intake. Further exacerbation is often seen after bariatric surgery due to the resultant dietary restrictions, and physiological and anatomical alterations. Owing to the rising prevalence of obesity in India with a simultaneous surge in bariatric surgeries, an account of micronutrient status is required. This will help in identifying susceptible individuals and setting up priorities for prevention and intervention.

Subjects and Methods:
A retrospective study was designed to analyze the data collected before and until 1 year (3, 6, and 12 months) after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, n = 150). We included the assessment of nutritional parameters, namely, serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, calcium, phosphorus, Vitamin D, and parathormone along with anthropometric and routine biochemical investigations.

Results:
Deficiency of Vitamin D was most prevalent (52%) at baseline, followed by anemia (21%). Ferritin deficiency was 9.3%, followed by iron (8.0%), Vitamin B12(7.3%), and folate deficiency (4.7%) at baseline. There was a remarkable improvement in Vitamin D deficiency (26%), whereas the percent prevalence of other micronutrients has shown deterioration in 12 months after bariatric surgery. No significant difference existed in the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (n = 75) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 75) over the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Micronutrient deficiencies persisted after bariatric surgery underlining the need for fine adjustment of supplementations and monitoring compliance to ensure the best patient outcomes.
Umbilical Cord Serum Zinc in Neonates Delivered at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
Authors: Olisaka CL , Iloh KK , Asinobi IN , Ubesie AC , Ikefuna AN , Ibe BC 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Zinc is particularly involved in cellular growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function, which is critical for child survival. To reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries, cost-effective and evidence-based interventions that can enhance growth, development, and immunity, need to be considered. Determining the zinc levels of neonates and how it relates to both gestational age is therefore imperative.

Subjects and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, aimed at determining the umbilical cord serum zinc levels among neonates and their relationship with their gestational age. Two hundred and seventy-five neonates of gestational ages 28 to 42 weeks were enrolled in the study. Serum zinc levels were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS model no. FS 240 AA.USA, Agilent Technology Ltd.).

Results:
Among the 275 neonates, there were 27 (9.82%), 28 (10.18%), and 220 (80%) preterms, moderate-to-late preterms, and term neonates, respectively. The mean serum zinc level of all neonates was 87 ± 16.07 μg/dL and within the normal limit of serum zinc. Their mean serum zinc level increased with increasing gestational age (F = 90.424, P < 0.001). Very preterm and moderate-to-late preterm neonates had mean serum zinc levels of 65.13 μg/dL ± 6.15 and 69.85 μg/dL ± 9.63 μg/dL, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that though the overall mean serum zinc of neonates was normal, preterms (especially those of lower gestational ages) were zinc deficient. Routine zinc supplementation at birth should be considered in preterm neonates to reduce the untoward effects of zinc deficiency.
Salivary Flow Rate, pH, and Buffer Capacity in the Individuals with Obesity and Overweight; A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hatipoğlu Ö , Maraş E , Hatipoğlu FP , Saygin AG 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Weight in individuals can affect the saliva structure, which has an essential role in caries prevention.

Aim:
This meta-analysis aimed to compare individuals with obesity (OB)/overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) in terms of salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC).

Materials and Methods:
After electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases) were screened, studies were selected depending on inclusion criteria. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of OB vs NW, OW vs NW, and OB+OW vs NW. Additional analyzes such as subgroup, moderator, sensitivity, and grade were also performed.

Results:
24 studies and 2072 participants (SFR: 748 OB, 896 NW, SpH: 137 OB, 166 NW, SBC: 62 OB, 63 NW) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Significantly lower SFR was found in the group with OB compared to NW when saliva was stimulated (MD = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.12], P < 0.001), but no significance was obtained when saliva was unstimulated (MD = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.06], P = 0.55). No significant difference was found in the group with OB compared to NW in SpH (MD = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.26,0.12], P = 0.48) and SBC (MD = -1.10, 95% CI [-2.29,0.09], P = 0.07).

Conclusions:
SFR significantly decreases in individuals with OB, notably when saliva is stimulated. Besides, the decrease in SFR is much more prominent in adolescence and adulthood than in childhood. Furthermore, the increase in the severity of OB causes a much greater decrease in SFR. However, regarding SpH and SBC, no significant association exists.
The Reversing Effect of Ondansetron on Bupivacaine-Induced Sciatic Nerve Block
Authors: Saltali AO , Apiliogullari S , Bagci S , Sargon MF , Celik JB , Onal O 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
This experimental study was designed to test the hypothesis that ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, would decrease the duration of motor, sensory, and proprioception blockade in a dose-dependent fashion in a bupivacaine-induced sciatic nerve blockade.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-nine male Wistar Albino rats who underwent unilateral sciatic nerve block were divided into seven groups with an equal number in each group. Group B: only perineural block (PB), Group BO200: PB and perineural 200 μg ondansetron, Group BO400: PB and perineural 400 μg ondansetron, Group BO800: PB and perineural 800 μg ondansetron, Group BO800IP: PB and intraperitoneal 800 μg ondansetron, Group O800: only perineural 800 μg ondansetron, Group S: sham-operated. The rats' motor, sensory, and proprioception functions were evaluated by a blinded investigator every 10 min until they returned to normal function. The recovery times of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions were recorded and compared. All sciatic nerves were removed and examined by electron microscopy for neurotoxic signs.

Results:
In which sciatic nerve block was formed with bupivacaine, the duration of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions blockade was decreased, and the duration to return to normal functions was significantly shortened at Group BO800 (p < 0.05). According to electron microscopy results, perineural 200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg ondansetron were not neurotoxic.

Conclusion:
This is the first study showing that perineural ondansetron administration (800 μg dose) reverses the effect of the local anesthetics and shortens the duration of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions blockade.
Predictors of Knowledge, Attitudes and Ever Practice Family Planning Among Public Secondary School Teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor OC , MZ Nor Afiah , SG Muthiah 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Family planning deficiencies are responsible for high maternal, newborn, and child mortality in Nigeria, and more than half of all death among adult female is linked to maternal death.

Aim:
To ascertain the predictors of good knowledge, positive attitudes, and ever practice family planning among public secondary school teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional research was carried out among public secondary school teachers aged between 18 and 60 years in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria, using probability proportional to size sampling and systematic random sampling from a selection of 1,000 participants. Factors considered included sources of information on family planning, partner involvement, history of family planning methods, and healthcare facilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to establish the relationship. An odds ratio of 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to ascertain the level of significance.

Result:
A majority (65.9%) of respondents had a good knowledge of family planning, more than half had positive attitudes (52.7%), and most of them had ever practice family planning (55.0%). Television (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.54-3.06) and social media (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.29-2.78) were effective sources of information to establish significant predictors of good knowledge on family planning. Healthcare (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.51-0.92) and partner discussion (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI 1.94–5.27) were also significant determinants of positive attitudes towards family planning. Cost of obtaining family planning methods (AOR = 0.003; 95% CI 0.001-0.013) and proximity of family planning facilities (AOR = 0.04; 95% CI 0.02-0.10) were notable predictors of ever practice family planning.

Conclusion:
The level of knowledge, attitudes, and ever practiced family planning among teachers are moderate and a significant number of predictors were identified. Effective awareness is recommended and making use of television as a channel to increase levels of knowledge will hopefully encourage utilization of family planning among teachers.
Determining the Relationships Between Domestic Credits, Economic Growth and Inflation in Turkiye by Nonlinear Cointegration Analysis
Authors: TUNA Yusuf , DOĞANER Ayça , ÇETİN Güldenur 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between GDP and inflation and domestic
loans given by banks to the private sector by using time series models. In this study, in which the
1972-2020 annual data for Turkiye were used, Harvey et al. (2008) Harvey and Leybourne (2007)
linearity tests, traditional unit root tests for linearly determined series and Kapetanios, Shin and Snell
(2003) (KSS) unit root tests for nonlinear series were performed. After the series were determined to
be stationary, Kapetanios, Shin and Snell (KSS) (2006) cointegration test was performed. According to
the results of the analysis, no cointegrated relationship was found between the GDP and inflation and
domestic loans given by banks to the private sector in Turkiye. As a result, it can be said that there is
no pass-through effect on GDP and inflation rates as a result of the increase/decrease in loans given
by banks to the private sector in Turkiye.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Peresepan Suplemen Terhadap Formularium Rumah Sakit Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di Instalasi Farmasi Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung
Authors: Narulita Sari Wahyuli , Aprianti Endah 
Published: September 2022

Resep adalah permintaan tertulis dari dokter atau dokter gigi, kepada apoteker, baik dalam bentuk paper maupun elektronik untuk menyediakan dan menyerahkan obat bagi pasien sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Pelayanan kefarmasian adalah suatu pelayanan langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi dengan maksud mencapai hasil yang pasti untuk meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien. Standar pelayanan minimal farmasi terkait dengan kesesuaian peresepan dengan formularium rumah sakit. Suplemen makanan merupakan produk yang dimaksudkan untuk melengkapi kebutuhan zat gizi makanan, mengandung satu atau lebih vitamin, mineral, asam amino atau bahan lain (berasal dari tumbuhan atau bukan tumbuhan) yang mempunyai nilai gizi dan atau efek fisiologis dalam jumlah terkonsentras.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui banyak persentase kesesuaian dan ketidaksesuaian peresepan suplemen formularium rumah sakit pada pasien rawat inap di Instalasi Farmasi salah satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi dan menggunakan lembar observasi berupa daftar checklist. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian peresepan suplemen formularium rumah sakit pada pasien rawat inap di Instalasi Farmasi salah satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung memperoleh persentase 78,42% dengan ketidaksesuaian yang mencapai 21,58%. Kesesuaian peresepan terhadap formularium dikategorikan belum memenuhi standar, persentase kurang dari 100% dapat dikatakan bahwa dokter tidak patuh dalam menuliskan sesuai formularium. Dibandingkan dengan standar minimal umah sakit terkait kefarmasian, hasil ini sangat jauh dari yang diharapkan.
Analisis Proses Underwriting pada Produk Kafalah Pembiayaan Surety Bond di PT Penjaminan Jamkrindo Syariah Cabang Medan
Authors: Liana Vega , Yusrizal Yusrizal 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the Underwriting Process for the Surety Bond Financing Kafalah Product at PT Penjamina Jamkrindo Syariah Medan.This creates a healthy competitive environment between contractors and prevents the emergence of an unfair competition climate, such as monopoly, which may be carried out by principals/contractors with very large sums of money. Equitable regional development across Indonesia may result in a just and successful society, and it is inextricably linked to development projects. In Indonesia, a presidential edict stipulates that any development project procurement must not only satisfy administrative requirements, but also give assurances. PT. Jamkrindo Syariah is one of the insurance businesses that may provide surety bonds. To get a surety bond guarantee, the principal must submit the required papers to PT. Jamkrindo Syariah, which must then go through an underwriting procedure to assess whether the project is feasible. If possible, a policy will be given; otherwise, PT. Jamkrindo Syariah will send the principal a refusal letter.
Keywords : Surety Bond, Underwriting
Implantação das ZEIS em Feira de Santana/BA: uma crítica
Authors: Oliveira Zenaide Santos de , Santos Janio Laurentino de Jesus 
Published: September 2022

ZEIS é um instrumento de política urbana que surgiu na década de 1980 como proposta para um novo processo de ordenação e construção urbanística, fundada no princípio da função social da propriedade. Porém, houve delimitações equivocadas em determinadas áreas do país. Este artigo tem por objetivo explicar o processo de implantação das ZEIS em Feira de Santana, assim como trazer uma crítica em relação ao que existe sobre esse zoneamento na cidade. Para realização, foram utilizados diferentes procedimentos: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental em sites como IBGE, SEI, legislações municipais e federais e entrevistas. O texto trata das ZEIS e seus marcos conceituais, das legislações para sua instituição no Brasil e, para finalizar, do caso de Feira de Santana.
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: September 2022

CADTH recommends that Tecentriq be reimbursed by public drug plans after surgery and chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with stage II to stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumour is positive for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in at least 50% of tumour cells and does not have an abnormal EGFR or ALK gene if certain conditions are met.
Tecentriq should only be covered to treat adult patients (18 years or older) with stage II to stage IIIA NSCLC whose tumour is positive for PD-L1 in at least 50% of tumour cells and does not have an abnormal EGFR or ALK
Tecentriq should only be used alone after surgery and chemotherapy. Tecentriq should only be reimbursed if it prescribed by a specialist and if the patient is in relatively good health (i.e., has a good performance status, as determined by a specialist). Tecentriq should not be reimbursed if the patient is not a candidate for surgery or chemotherapy. The cost of Tecentriq must be lowered to be cost-effective and affordable.
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: September 2022

CADTH recommends that Tecentriq, in combination with a platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide, should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) if certain conditions are met.
Tecentriq should only be covered to treat adult patients who have not received previous treatment for ES-SCLC and who are in relatively good health.
Tecentriq should only be reimbursed when used in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide if it is prescribed and patients are monitored by clinicians with expertise in managing ES-SCLC, and if the price of Tecentriq leads to cost savings for the public drug plans.
The Karen Call: Emergency, Destiny, and Surveillance
Authors: Warren Calvin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this thought experiment, I provide a philosophical reading of the “Karen call” to explain its persistence and impact. I argue the call is an act of shepherding in the twenty-first century—fulling the ethical responsibility and duty of Dasein, as Heidegger presents it in his philosophy. Every call performs ontological labor—a guarding and surveillance of Being—requiring a vigilant policing of ontological boundaries and a marshaling of violence (state sanctioned) to prevent black encroachment (the violation of ontological interdiction). The cell phone, as modern technology, is the nexus between “the call of Being” and the “call to law enforcement” (Karen call). This guarding relies on the cell phone as an indispensable technology of surveillance. The Karen call is a response to an ontological emergency.
Treinamento de liderança como instrumento de desenvolvimento de equipes de vendas
Authors: Ramos Luis André de Carvalho Soares da Gloria , Cova Márcia Cristina Rodrigues 
Published: September 2022

A liderança vem sendo pesquisada com o intuito de melhorar os resultados organizacionais. O treinamento da liderança pode transformar o gestor de vendas para potencializar o seu desenvolvimento no alcance dos objetivos organizacionais e gere resultados significativos. Apesar dessa evidência, algumas empresas comerciais ainda não investem no desenvolvimento de lideranças de vendas e não aproveitam todo o potencial de seus gestores. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a liderança pode auxiliar o gestor a aprimorar o seu relacionamento com a sua equipe de vendas para potencializar o seu desempenho. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada uma pesquisa básica de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e baseada em um estudo de caso em uma consultoria de vendas. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados a pesquisa documental e um questionário semi-estruturado, enviado por WhatsApp. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. A partir dos dados encontrados entende-se que, para o treinamento de gestores de equipes de vendas em líderes de alta performance, é necessário o desenvolvimento de aulas síncronas por videoconferência, com uso de estudos de caso e debates entre participantes.