bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Central 1000 au of a Prestellar Core Revealed with ALMA. II. Almost Complete Freeze-out
Authors: Caselli Paola , Pineda Jaime E. , Sipilä Olli , Zhao Bo , Redaelli Elena , Spezzano Silvia , Maureira Maria José , Alves Felipe , Bizzocchi Luca , Bourke Tyler L. , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , Friesen Rachel , Galli Daniele , Harju Jorma , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Keto Eric , Li Zhi-Yun , Padovani Marco , Schmiedeke Anika , Tafalla Mario , Vastel Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Prestellar cores represent the initial conditions in the process of star and planet formation. Their low temperatures (<10 K) allow the formation of thick icy dust mantles, which will be partially preserved in future protoplanetary disks, ultimately affecting the chemical composition of planetary systems. Previous observations have shown that carbon- and oxygen-bearing species, in particular CO, are heavily depleted in prestellar cores due to the efficient molecular freeze-out onto the surface of cold dust grains. However, N-bearing species such as NH3 and, in particular, its deuterated isotopologues appear to maintain high abundances where CO molecules are mainly in the solid phase. Thanks to ALMA, we present here the first clear observational evidence of NH2D freeze-out toward the L1544 prestellar core, suggestive of the presence of a “complete depletion zone” within a ≃1800 au radius, in agreement with astrochemical prestellar core model predictions. Our state-of-the-art chemical model coupled with a non-LTE radiative transfer code demonstrates that NH2D becomes mainly incorporated in icy mantles in the central 2000 au and starts freezing out already at ≃7000 au. Radiative transfer effects within the prestellar core cause the NH2D(111 − 101) emission to appear centrally concentrated, with a flattened distribution within the central ≃3000 au, unlike the 1.3 mm dust continuum emission, which shows a clear peak within the central ≃1800 au. This prevented NH2D freeze-out from being detected in previous observations, where the central 1000 au cannot be spatially resolved.
Diffusive Shock Acceleration at Oblique High Mach Number Shocks
Authors: van Marle Allard Jan , Bohdan Artem , Morris Paul J. , Pohl Martin , Marcowith Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current paradigm of cosmic-ray (CR) origin states that the greater part of galactic CRs is produced by supernova remnants. The interaction of supernova ejecta with the interstellar medium after a supernova's explosions results in shocks responsible for CR acceleration via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We use particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a combined PIC-magnetohydrodynamic (PIC-MHD) technique to investigate whether DSA can occur in oblique high Mach number shocks. Using the PIC method, we follow the formation of the shock and determine the fraction of the particles that gets involved in DSA. With this result, we use PIC-MHD simulations to model the large-scale structure of the plasma and the magnetic field surrounding the shock and find out whether or not the reflected particles can generate upstream turbulence and trigger DSA. We find that the feasibility of this process in oblique shocks depends strongly on the Alfvénic Mach number, and the DSA process is more likely to be triggered at high Mach number shocks.
A New Method for the Reconstruction of Strongly Lensed Galaxies with Resolved Kinematics
Authors: Young A. J. , Keeton C. R. , Baker A. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Integral field spectroscopy of high-redshift galaxies has become a powerful tool for understanding their dynamics and evolutionary states. However, in the case of gravitationally lensed systems, it has proved difficult to model both lensing and intrinsic kinematics in a way that takes full advantage of the information available in the spectral domain. In this paper, we introduce a new method for pixel-based source reconstruction that alters standard regularization schemes for two-dimensional (2D) data in a way that leverages kinematic information in a physically motivated but flexible fashion, and that is better suited to the three-dimensional (3D) nature of integral field data. To evaluate the performance of this method, we compare its results to those of a more traditional 2D nonparametric approach using mock Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a typical high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxy. We find that 3D regularization applied to an entire data cube reconstructs a source’s intensity and velocity structure more accurately than 2D regularization applied to separate velocity channels. Cubes reconstructed with 3D regularization also have more uniform noise and resolution properties and are less sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio of individual velocity channels than the results of 2D regularization. Our new approach to modeling integral field observations of lensed systems can be implemented without making restrictive a priori assumptions about intrinsic kinematics, and opens the door to new observing strategies that prioritize spectral resolution over spatial resolution (e.g., for multiconfiguration arrays like ALMA).
Cosmic Tidal Reconstruction with Halo Fields
Authors: Zhu 朱 Hong-Ming 弘明 , Mao 毛 Tian-Xiang 天翔 , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gravitational coupling between large-scale perturbations and small-scale perturbations leads to anisotropic distortions of the small-scale matter distribution. The measured local small-scale power spectrum can thus be used to infer the large-scale matter distribution. In this paper, we present a new tidal reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing large-scale modes using the full three-dimensional tidal shear information. We apply it to simulated dark matter halo fields and find the reconstructed large-scale density field correlates well with the original matter density field on large scales, improving upon the previous tidal reconstruction method, which only uses two transverse shear fields. This has profound implications for recovering lost 21 cm radial modes due to foreground subtraction and constraining primordial non-Gaussianity using the multitracer method with future cosmological surveys.
Evaluation of the relationship between progression and SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 cases in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Guney Mustafa , Hosbul Tugrul , Cuce Ferhat , Artuk Cumhur , Taskin Gurhan , Caglayan Murat , Alacam Sema , Kurkcu Muhammed Furkan , Yildiz Fatime , Erdal Harun , Erdem Gul , Bakir Ayfer 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may present with varying clinical pictures. This study aimed to examine the relationship between viral load cycle threshold value, clinical prognosis and other laboratory parameters in initial swab samples on the day of hospitalization.
Methodology: This retrospective and cross-sectional study included 112 patients, who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 via the Bio-Rad CFX96 TouchTM system. Cycle threshold values for the RdRp gene obtained from reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive patients were recorded.
Results: The mean age of the 112 patients was 47.57 ± 17 years. No relationship was found in symptoms, pneumonia, oxygen need, follow-up in intensive care unit, and mortality between patient groups with cycle threshold values of < 30 and ≥ 30. Frequencies of thrombocytopenia (50%) and elevated LDH levels were higher in patients with cycle threshold values of ≥ 30 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was a weak but significant correlation between cycle threshold values and CRP levels (Pearson’s r = 0.207, p = 0.029).
Conclusions: Symptoms or clinical prognosis were not significantly related to the SARS-CoV-2 viral load levels tested at admission or for the first time within the scope of this study. Thrombocytopenia and elevated LDH rates were higher in patients with cycle threshold values of ≥ 30. A weak but significant correlation was found between the viral load and CRP levels. Large-scale studies are needed to further elucidate this subject matter.
The physicochemical and microbiological quality of meat produced in a traditional slaughterhouse in Mansoura City, Egypt
Authors: Mahros Mahmoud Ahmed , Elshebrawy Hend Ali , Abd-Elghany Samir Mohammed , Elgazzar Mohammed Mohammed , Imre Kálmán , Morar Adriana , Herman Viorel , Sallam Khalid Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In several developing countries the slaughter of meat producing animals is still practiced in traditional slaughterhouses. In the Mansoura slaughterhouse, animals are subjected to various stressors and treated with cruelty, in addition to unhygienic treatment and handling of animal carcasses. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the meat quality from cattle, buffalo, and sheep carcasses processed in an old-fashioned slaughterhouse from Mansoura city, Egypt, in the context of pre-slaughter stress.
Methodology: The bleeding efficiency and the ultimate pH (pHu) of carcasses were tested, along with the effect of post-slaughter handling practice on the microbiological properties of meat.
Results: From the 351 examined animals, the ultimate pH (pHu) was less than 5.8 in 81 cases (23.1%) and higher than 6.0 in 165 cases (47%). Furthermore, 45 (12.8%), 270 (76.9%), and 36 (10.3%) of the tested carcasses were well-, moderate- and imperfectly-bled, respectively. Cultivation using the wet-dry triple swab technique sampled from the outer surfaces of cattle, buffalo, and sheep carcasses revealed that about 47.9% of the tested carcasses were contaminated, with total viable count levels exceeding 7 log10 cfu/cm2, and 42.7% were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae, with levels > 3 log10 cfu/cm2. The molds and yeasts from the tested carcasses had lower counts (< 2 log10 cfu/cm2).
Conclusions: Results indicated neglect in terms of sanitary measures during slaughtering and dressing of carcasses, with subsequent higher microbial contamination and impaired meat quality. Therefore, the traditional slaughtering facilities should be modernized to increase their meat producing efficiency, subsequently leading to exportation possibilities.
ACE2 and ANGII levels in patients with COVID-19 based on thoracic tomography findings and PCR test results
Authors: Ipekci Afsin , Biberoglu Serap , Ikizceli Ibrahim , Cakmak Fatih , Akdeniz Yonca Senem , Kanbakan Altug , Konukoglu Dildar , Bolayirli Ibrahim Murat , Borekci Sermin , Urkmez Seval , Ozkan Seda 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests and thoracic tomography have been widely employed in the diagnosis of the disease, but doubts about their sensitivity still persist. Also there are controversial results about ACE2 and AngII levels according to the severity of disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze the ACE2 and AngII levels in patients with suspected COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction test results and thoracic tomography findings and to examine their relationship with disease severity.
Methodology: Patients with suspected COVID-19 in the emergency department were divided into 4 groups according to thoracic tomography findings and PCR test results. The in-hospital mortality of patients was recorded. ACE2 and AngII levels in patients were analyzed according to groups and severity of the disease.
Results: ACE2 levels for the patients with suspected COVID-19 were significantly lower than in the control group, but AngII levels were higher (not statistically significant). The mean age and male sex ratio of patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and died were significantly higher than those who survived. Whereas there was no difference in ACE2 levels in patients with severe diseases such as ARDS and mortality, their AngII levels were significantly lower.
Conclusions: It can be suggested that decreased ACE2 levels combined with increased AngII levels are determinative at disease onset and in the development of lung damage. However, decreased AngII levels are more determinative in patients with severe diseases such as ARDS and mortality.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) values with clinical course and serum biomarkers in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Saglik Imran , Ener Beyza , Akalin Halis , Ozdemir Buşra , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Yalcin Baris , Onal Ugur , Aydin Guçlu Ozge , Acet Ozturk Nilufer Aylin , Tuzemen Ulku , Demirdogen Ezgi , Gorek Dilektasli Asli , Agca Harun , Kazak Esra , Coskun Funda , Heper Yasemin , Payaslioglu Melda , Ediger Dane , Ursavas Ahmet , Yilmaz Emel , Ozakin Cuneyt , Uzaslan Esra , Karadag Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Our knowledge has gaps regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication levels and its association to severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with disease severity and serum biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: Viral load was determined via cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 214 adult patients. Ct values were compared with clinical severity, biochemical and hematological biomarkers.
Results: Clinical course of the disease was mild (49.1%), moderate (40.2%), and severe (10.7%). Median Ct value was 28.2 (IQR: 22.2–33.8) during the first week of the disease. Ct values were lower within five days after symptom onset [lowest Ct value on the third day (median: 24, IQR: 20.6–32.3)], but they increased significantly during the second and third weeks. No association was detected between admission Ct values and disease severity. Gender, age, co-morbidity, and mortality did not differ significantly in patients with low (≤ 25) and high (> 25) Ct values. White blood cell, neutrophil, platelet, and especially lymphocyte counts, were significantly lower in patients with low Ct values.
Conclusions: No definitive/clear correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and severity and mortality was found in the studied COVID-19 patients. However, neutrophil, platelet, and especially lymphocyte count were significantly lower in patients with a high viral load.
Prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Önal Uğur , Aydın Güçlü Özge , Akalın Halis , Aylin Acet Öztürk Nilüfer , Semet Cihan , Demirdöğen Ezgi , Görek Dilektaşlı Aslı , Sağlık İmran , Kazak Esra , Özkaya Güven , Coşkun Funda , Ediger Dane , Heper Yasemin , Ursavaş Ahmet , Yılmaz Emel , Uzaslan Esra , Karadağ Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Determining prognostic factors in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can have great impact on treatment planning and follow-up strategies. Herein, we aimed to evaluate prognostic factors and clinical scores for confirmed COVID-19 patients in a tertiary-care hospital in the Bursa region of Turkey.
Methodology: Patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 microbiologically and/or radiologically between March and October 2020 in a tertiary-care university hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a clinical spectrum of moderate, severe, or critical illness were included. The dependent variable was 30-day mortality and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate any variables with a significant p value (< 0.05) in univariate analysis.
Results: A total of 257 patients were included in the study. The mortality rate (30-day) was 14.4%. In logistic regression analysis, higher scores on sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.42-2.45) and CURB-65 pneumonia severity criteria (p = 0.001, OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.47-4.57) were found to be significant in predicting mortality at admission. In deceased patients, there were also significant differences between the baseline, day-3, day-7, and day-14 results of D-dimer (p = 0.01), ferritin (p = 0.042), leukocyte (p = 0.019), and neutrophil (p = 0.007) counts.
Conclusions: In our study of COVID-19 patients, we found that high SOFA and CURB-65 scores on admission were associated with increased mortality. In addition, D-dimer, ferritin, leukocyte and neutrophil counts significantly increased after admission in patients who died.
Evaluation of the pharmacological activity of hybrid organotin compounds in a B16 melanoma model in the classical and metronomic administration modes
Authors: Dodokhova Margarita A. , Safronenko Andrey V. , Kotieva Inga M. , Alkhuseyn-Kulyaginova Margarita S. , Shpakovsky Dmitry B. , Milaeva Elena R. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In modern medical chemistry, much attention is paid to the search for new antimetastatic agents based on metal compounds. Organotin compounds promise to be good candidates as the treatment of malignant neoplasms. In order to reduce a possible nonspecific toxic effect of tin compounds and to expand the intended therapeutic use, the paper presents hybrid tin (IV) complexes with Sn-S bond containing a fragment of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethylolol (Me3) and (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenylolol (Me5) in a model of transplanted melanoma tumor in B16 mice in classical and metronomic administration mode.
Materials and methods: The efficacy of organotin compounds was studied in a model of a transplanted tumor with spontaneous metastasis of C57Bl/6 (female) melanoma B16 mice using the following indicators: average life expectan­cy, inhibition of tumor growth by weight, tumor mass, and metastasis inhibition index.
Results and discussion: The most pronounced antimetastatic effect (54% and 36%) is achieved with a five-fold in­traperitoneal injection of Me3 and Me5 at the total doses of 375 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg. The comparable results of the efficacy were obtained in the classical and metronomic modes of the injection of hybrid organotin compounds. With an increase in the injected dose, there is an effect of activating the tumor process with the generalized metastasis.
Conclusion: Bis dimethylolol (Me3) and triphenylolol (Me5) compounds demonstrate both a pronounced antimetastatic activity and a multidirectional effect on the growth of the primary focus and the metastasis in lungs, depending on an injected dose.
Le concept de révolution chez Rosa Luxemburg
Authors: Hudis Peter , Rein Sandra 
Published: April 2022

Cet article, version abrégée de l’introduction au nouveau volume des œuvres complètes de Rosa Luxemburg en langue anglaise (regroupant ses écrits sur la révolution des années 1906 à 1909), traite de la manière dont son concept de démocratie socialiste s’applique à deux problèmes liés : 1) le rôle des organisations révolutionnaires dans la formation d’une conscience de classe ; et 2) la forme exacte de la transition au socialisme dans des pays où la classe ouvrière ne constitue qu’une minorité de la population. En étudiant une partie de ses écrits en polonais, qui n’ont été traduits que récemment, nous montrons que Luxemburg a apporté une contribution intéressante et singulière aux débats sur la transition au socialisme, contribution que les précédents commentateurs ont eu tendance à ignorer.
Note critique. Sommes-nous en transition vers le mode de production managérial ?
Authors: Foureault Fabien 
Published: April 2022

Cette note entend faire une critique constructive de la thèse du « mode de production managérial », due à Gérard Duménil et Dominique Lévy. Tout en reconnaissant les mérites de leurs travaux, la note essaye de montrer qu’il existe une disproportion entre leur proposition théorique, de grande ampleur, et sa base empirique, trop faible pour la soutenir. Trois contre-arguments sont développés en ce sens. D’abord, les auteurs ne se fondent pratiquement que sur le constat de la montée de la part des salaires dans les hauts revenus aux États-Unis, une évolution qui peut être remise en cause en catégorisant correctement les revenus des cadres dirigeants. Ensuite, ils négligent des données et des indicateurs alternatifs qui donnent des images fort différentes de l’évolution historique. Enfin, ils n’étudient pas l’évolution des formes organisationnelles qui sont au fondement des théories sur l’évolution de la structure de classe, qui relativisent l’importance de la bureaucratie. Deux contreexemples sont données à l’encontre de la thèse du managérialisme : les associés des fonds de capitalinvestissement constituent des nouveaux capitalistes financiers ; les dirigeants des plus grandes entreprises multinationales sont des dirigeants actionnaires.
Une hypothèse sur la genèse de la pensée écologique marxienne
Authors: Béguin Victor 
Published: April 2022

Cet article prend acte de l’existence d’une pensée écologique chez Marx, consignée principalement dans les cahiers de notes consacrés à l’agriculture. Il propose de s’interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles Marx en est venu, à partir de 1865, à prêter attention à la destruction des ressources naturelles entraînée par leur gestion capitaliste, alors qu’il ne s’était pas, jusqu’alors, montré sensible à cette question. L’hypothèse proposée, à partir d’une lecture attentive des extraits de Liebig recopiés dans le cahier de 1865-1866 consacré à l’agriculture et récemment publié dans le tome IV/18 de la MEGA 2 , est la suivante : la manière dont Liebig décrit l’exploitation des ressources naturelles par l’agriculture capitaliste offre un parallèle frappant avec la manière dont Marx analyse l’exploitation de la force de travail dans le procès de production capitaliste au fil des différentes rédactions de ce qui deviendra le livre I du Capital . L’article présente plusieurs preuves textuelles de ce parallèle, et soutient qu’il offre une explication plausible du soudain intérêt de Marx pour la question écologique.
Comment mesurer des transformations psychiques durables lors de traitements au long cours de patients déprimés chroniques
Authors: Leuzinger-Bohleber Marianne , Kaufhold Johannes , Kallenbach Lisa , Negele Alexa , Ernst Mareike , Keller Wolfram , Fiedler Georg , Hautzinger Martin , Bahrke Ulrich , Beutel Manfred 
Published: April 2022

Dans le monde entier, la pression exercée sur la psychanalyse pour qu’elle prouve les résultats de ses traitements à l’aune des critères dits « fondés sur des preuves » ( evidence based medecine ) a augmenté. Tandis qu’un grand nombre d’études sur les résultats des thérapies psychanalytiques brèves est maintenant disponible, de telles études font grandement défaut pour la psychanalyse et les thérapies analytiques de longue durée. Cet article compare au moyen d’une grande étude multicentrique, les résultats de thérapies cognitivo-comportementales et psychanalytiques chez des patients chroniquement déprimés. Les deux types de thérapies ont permis des changements hautement significatifs quant aux symptômes dépressifs trois années après le début des traitements. Cependant la visée des traitements psychanalytiques n’est pas exclusivement de réduire les symptômes pathologiques mais aussi celle de provoquer des changements dans le monde intérieur des patients, changements qui nous rappellent le but des psychanalyses tel que Freud l’avait spécifié : développer la capacité d’aimer, de travailler et de jouir de la vie. Dans la communauté germanophone, de telles transformations sont dites « changements structurels ». Cet article rapporte donc des résultats en termes de tels changements structurels, obtenus à l’aide d’un instrument de mesure sophistiqué : l’OPD ( Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics : Diagnostics Psychodynamiques Opérationnalisés ). Lesdits changements structurels sont comparés avec les changements symptomatiques. Trois ans après le début du traitement, significativement plus de patients sous traitement psychanalytique ont présenté de tels changements structurels par rapport aux patients sous traitement cognitivo-comportemental (TCC).