bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN INKUIRI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN DAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA SMPN 18 MALANG
Authors: KHOIRIYAH ANNA JARROTUL 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to improve the knowledge and skills of students in science learning with the inquiry learning model. This paper uses the best practice method. Skill's data is obtained from the average practicum activities score and knowledge is obtained from the average of learning outcomes. The findings in this research are when the students try to design and find their own concepts learned through the inquiry stage, the students become more skilled and more understanding. Another important part of this research is teachers must have the skills to open lessons, design lessons and facilitate students in learning. An important skill to open learning is to provide a stimulus in the form of pictures, videos, phenomena, and questions that can motivate and raise students' thinking levels. The results showed there is an improvement of skills by 32% for scores, 108% for completeness and knowledge of 13% for scores and 52% for completeness.
ABSTRAKTujuan dari best practice ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan siswa pada pembelajaran IPA dengan model pembelajran inkuiri. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode best practice. Data keterampilan diproleh dari rata-rata skor kegiatan praktikum dan pengetahuan diperoleh dari rata-rata hasil belajar. Temuan pada best practice ini adalah ketika siswa mendesain percobaan sendiri, melakukan praktik dari hasil desain, menemukan sendiri konsep yang dipelajari melalui tahapan inkuiri, siswa menjadi lebih terampil dan lebih paham. Bagian penting lain dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya guru memiliki keterampilan membuka pembelajaran, mendesain pembelajaran, dan memfasilitasi siswa belajar. Keterampilan membuka pembelajaran yang penting adalah dengan memberikan stimulus yang berupa gambar, video, fenomena, dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang dapat memotivasi dan membangkitkan tingkat berpikir siswa. Hasil best practice menunjukkan, terdapat peningkatan keterampilan sebesar 32% untuk skor, 108% untuk ketuntasan dan pengetahuan sebesar13% untuk skor, 52% untuk ketuntasan.
AVANÇOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE BOVINOS
Authors: Simões Michele da Rosa Scholant 
Published: February 2022

Para obter ganhos satisfatórios a bovinocultura demanda uma eficiência nutricional para atingir seus objetivos de produção. A capacidade de encontrar alimentos que forneça os requerimentos nutricionais necessários e com baixo custo são fatores determinantes. Nesse contexto, a proposta deste trabalho foi fazer um estudo dos avanços da suplementação nutricional de bovinos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram fazer um estudo do histórico da suplementação nutricional de bovinos no Brasil nas últimas décadas e avaliar as mudanças que ocorreram no tipo de suplemento utilizado, desde o uso do sal comum (cloreto de sódio), passando pela mineralização com macro e microminerais, evoluindo para o sistema sal mineral/ureia, família de suplementos múltiplos (sal nitrogenado, sal proteinado, suplementos proteico-energéticos, semiconfinamento) e confinamentos. Foi feito levantamento sobre como foram desenvolvidas as pesquisas para geração, difusão e adoção dessas novas tecnologias, enfatizando quais as instituições que mais trabalharam nesse sentido.
Einstein-operations on fuzzy soft multi sets and decision making
Authors: Mukherjee Anjan , Das Ajoy Kant 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we define Einstein product and Einstein sum of fuzzy soft multi sets (FSM-sets) and using these products, we introduce an adjustable approach to FSM-set based decision-making, for solving decision-making in an uncertain situation. The feasibility of our proposed FSM-set based decision-making procedure in practical application is shown by some numerical examples.
Naming of Cain in Genesis 4:1 and Its Consequence
Authors: Pinker Aron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Verse 4:1 in Genesis was the subject of extensive exegetical discussion, which led to a wide spectrum of nuanced interpretations. Much of the discussion focused on the meaning of the particle אֶת in context. The purpose of this study is to suggest that the problematic particle אֶת is a misreading of the original תֵתּ, caused by the א/ת similarity in the paleo-Hebrew script. The emended reading suggests that Cain, being afraid of Eve's intention to sacrifice him to God, murdered Abel out of fear for his life.
The Identity of “The Messenger of the Covenant” in Malachi 3:1-Lexical and Rhetorical Analyses
Authors: Petterson Anthony R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many studies of the identity of “the messenger of the covenant” in Mal 3:1 conclude that it is a reference to Yhwh or his covenant angel. This article offers a close reading of this verse with special attention to lexical and rhetorical analyses and concludes that the figure is the same as “my messenger” in 3:1 and later identified as “Elijah the prophet” in 4:5 (HB 3:23). Some brief observations are given concerning the messianic use of Mal 3:1 in the Gospels.
Meeting “Me”: Charles Dickens's Moments of Self-Encounter
Authors: Charles Katherine G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In short stories and novels ranging from A Christmas Carol (1843) to Great Expectations (1860–61), Charles Dickens again and again reiterated close encounters between his fictional characters' adult and childhood selves. Turning to the journalistic context of The Uncommercial Traveller essays, this article identifies moments of self-encounter that are similar but staged between adult Dickens and avatars of his child or adolescent self. Drawing on research into media studies, temporality, and form, I argue that Dickens developed the new formal technology of the self-encounter in response to the pressure of his desire to connect personally with a mass audience, a cultural politics and marketing practice that Juliet John has termed “intimate publicity.” I propose a skeptical reading of Dickens's moments of self-encounter that finds evidence of the author's vexed approach to autobiographical form and a resulting pivot outward to his audience. Through a logical doublethink that sanctions the narrator's recognition of the child as simultaneously me and not me, these self-with-self-encounters create both ironic detachment and sentimental irony, while leaving the task of calibrating their tonal balance to the reader. Attending to these artful moments of self-encounter carries insight into the creation of Dickens's public persona and to the reception of his novels.
Cranford and the Gothic Everyday
Authors: Werner Winter Jade 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Though generally characterized as a work of gentle humor, Cranford has also been recognized by critics such as Franco Moretti, Hilary Schor, and Anna Koustinoudi as a novel about “panic,” “a place under siege, hardly alive,” one that “literally abounds in scenes/images of castration, mutilation, dismemberment and devouring.” This essay looks to account for this seeming disjunction between the genial tone of the novel and its dark undercurrents. Cranford, it argues, deploys a narrative strategy that I call the “Gothic everyday.” Here, the Gothic mode does not interrupt but rather is integrated into Mary Smith's “proto-ethnographic” narration. The “Gothic everyday,” I suggest, constitutes Gaskell's attempt to represent what she perceived to be a paradoxical state of affairs: although modern life was “haunted,” “unnatural,” oppressive, and morbid, these conditions had also been normalized and were perceived mostly as routine and unexceptional. In other words, she recognized that modernity had not intensified and literalized the kinds of instability traditionally associated with the Gothic so much as it had multiplied and diffused them. Thus, Cranford is an experiment in a sort of stylistic hybridity, representing an experience of everyday life in which Gothic tropes, conventions, and occurrences are less fantastical than simply business-as-usual.
Management Standard Certification and Firm Productivity: Micro-evidence from Africa
Authors: Goedhuys Micheline , Mohnen Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using micro evidence from manufacturing and services firms located in 41 African countries, this paper shows that better management practice, reflected by international management certification, helps firms to raise productivity. Larger and older firms and firms operating closer to the technological frontier are more likely to possess international management standards certification, as do firms engaged in international transactions. Certification in turn raises productivity levels further, in line with a process of continuous improvement. The findings hold for both manufacturing and services firms.
Does School Quality Matter? Primary Schools' Characteristics and Child Labor Intensity in Senegal
Authors: Ehouman W. V. Ahouakan , Diene M'Baye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between school quality and child labor in Senegal. Unlike previous studies that consider child labor as primarily due to household poverty, economic shocks or market imperfections, it tries to assess whether the perceptions that households have about the capacity of investments in education to provide their children with a significant gain can motivate their interest or their disinterest to send them to school and / or to involve them immediately into work. From a simple theoretical model we develop, we show how school quality may influence the choices that households make for their children concerning schooling or labor. We then assess empirically that relationship using the Senegal's DHS-MICS data of 2010-2011 and the Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of National Education. The Heckman's two-step model combined with the two-step approach proposed in Card and Krueger (1992) have been employed to deal with the problems suggested by the theoretical model. Our empirical findings confirm the theoretical model's results. They indicate that the labor options that households make for their children in Senegal depend on the schools' characteristics in this country. More precisely, we find that an increase of the pupils-teacher ratio and of the rate of grade repetition, seems be considered by households as a signal of bad quality of school. They lead respectively to an increase of the burden of works performed by children in economic and domestic activities.
Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Family Planning Provision in Kenya
Authors: Mugo Mercy G. , Muriithi Peterson J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Kenya, total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate have shown marginal changes since the 1990s, raising questions about efficiency and effectiveness of provision of reproductive health services, which has received little attention in the country and elsewhere in Africa. We use data from Thika sub-county in central Kenya to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of family planning service provision alternatives. The results show that costs per couple year of protection vary widely across facilities within government and non-government providers, but are slightly higher amongst the former. The cost-effectiveness ratios were sensitive to exclusion of certain commodity costs. We conclude that family planning provision systems found in Thika are efficient but call for strengthening of lower level facilities, which are more cost effective and largely serve the poor.
Exploring the Nexus between Child Immunization and Child Mortality in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Adetola , Oni Omobowale 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nigeria's economic growth has not been pro-poor. Health indices remain poor with high child mortality rate particularly in the rural sector. This study provides insights into child immunization as a complement to unobservable factors responsible for mortality reduction. The ratio of the number of children not alive to the number of children born alive in a household is the measure of the household's child mortality rate. The National Living Standards Survey is the main source of data and the control function approach is the preferred estimation procedure. The estimation results reveal a strong link between access to immunization and reduction in mortality. The results show a robust inverse relationship between child immunization and child mortality. Literacy of mothers emerges as an important determinant of demand for child immunization. It is argued that improving girl-child education would increase demand for child immunization and reduce child mortality in rural Nigeria.
Distributional Impact of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Rice Farmers' Expenditure: The Case of Nerica in Benin
Authors: Alia Didier Yélognissè , Diagne Aliou , Adegbola Patrice , Kinkingninhoun Florent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the impact of Nerica, a family of high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, on welfare in Benin. Our empirical analysis utilizes instrumental variable and quantile treatment effects methods to estimate the impacts of cultivating Nerica on welfare along the income distribution. We find that Nerica adoption increases households' expenditure across the entire distribution of income. The quantile treatment effects are statistically different from the average treatment effects, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the impacts of the adoption of Nerica on welfare. We also find that, in absolute terms, the impact for farmers located in the upper half of the income distribution is the largest. However, farmers at the bottom of the income distribution also experienced large proportional increase in welfare. Altogether, our results suggest that the adoption of improved rice seeds reduces poverty and has the potential to contribute to the reduction of income inequality among farmers.
God and Paul (in Christ) on Three Visits as the “Two or Three Witnesses” of 2 Corinthians 13:1
Authors: Berding Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
There is no current consensus on how Paul employs his citation of the two-or- three-witness injunction in 2 Cor 13:1. After reviewing recent proposals, it will be argued that the most satisfactory solution to Paul’s problematic use of Deut 19:15 in 2 Cor 13:1 must include three elements: (1) God as witness, (2) Paul himself (in Christ) as witness, and (3) Paul’s three visits to Corinth (two past and one upcoming) as the three occasions when the testimony is given. Combining the witnesses of God and Paul-in-Christ with the three visits satisfies the demands of the literary context, avoids the weaknesses of other views, and offers real (nonmetaphorical) witnesses who validate the truth of Paul’s ministry against the accusations of the Corinthians.
J. L. Martyn and Apocalyptic Discontinuity: The Trinitarian, Christological Ground of Galatians in Galatians 4:1–11
Authors: Harink Douglas 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Louis Martyn is well-known for his “apocalyptic” interpretation of Paul. This interpretation emphasizes divine priority and agency in God’s liberation of humanity, through Christ and the Spirit, from enslaving cosmic powers Sin and Death, the στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, the Mosaic law. Martyn’s emphasis on divine priority makes the theological aspect of Paul’s letters front, center, and determinative. In this essay, I embrace and deepen Martyn’s theological insight by examining the Trinitarian and Christological ground of Paul’s theology in Gal 4:1–11. By analyzing several theological “moments” in the movement of that text, I clarify two distinct but not separate aspects of apocalyptic discontinuity: (1) discontinuity as the fundamental and absolute distinction between divine and creaturely being, revealed when God at the appointed time sends forth his Son, “born of a woman”; (2) discontinuity as the apocalyptic-messianic “invasion” of the enslaved world (“born under law”), conflict with the powers, and liberation of humanity in the crucifixion/resurrection of Christ. By distinguishing these two forms of apocalyptic discontinuity, I show that in Paul “apocalyptic” is not originally and essentially “invasion” but the peaceable union of divine and human reality in the incarnation. “Invasion” rightly characterizes the entry of this union into an enslaved cosmos, as God liberates humanity for participation in the triune divine life.
Markan Christology according to Richard Hays: Some Addenda
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Hays presents a convincing case for a “divine identity Christology” in Mark, based on the scriptural echoes. This article develops the case further, in particular by identifying a series of six “leading questions” about Jesus's identity (1:27; 2:7; 4:41; 10:18; 12:37; 14:61). The first five invite the readers to recognize Jesus's divine identity, and in the last case, Jesus answers all the questions with an explicit claim to divine identity. The article also discusses the role of the three cases where God the Father addresses Jesus in the words of scriptural texts (1:2; 9:7; 12:36). The last contains God's answer to Jesus's dying question to God (15:34).
Missional Hermeneutics as Theological Interpretation
Authors: McKinzie Greg 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, scholars suggest that the emerging practice of missional hermeneutics is a form of theological interpretation. This essay develops that notion by arguing that (1) the church's participation in God's mission is constitutive of Christian theology and (2) theological interpretation should be reoriented accordingly. The readerly formation of the church and the interpretive function of the Rule of Faith serve as examples of what this reorientation might entail. When the embodied faith commitments of theological interpretation are understood as the church's practices of participation in the missio Dei, mission becomes the locus theologicus from which a theological reading emerges. If theological interpretation embraces the ancient way of faith seeking understanding, missional hermeneutics clarifies this as works seeking understanding—a praxeological hermeneutic in which participation in God's mission is an epistemological precondition of faithful interpretation.
Unearthing Paul's Ethics: Douglas Campbell on Creation, Redemption, and the Christian Moral Life
Authors: Chopp Joel Thomas 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This article will examine and critique Douglas Campbell's account of the proper grounds for Christian ethics in light of his exegesis and interpretation of Gal 3:28. It will do so by raising three difficulties for his proposal. First, a close reading of his argument will show that as it stands it suffers from a lack of internal coherence. Second, it will show that Campbell's project is best understood as a restriction of the sources for ethical belief formation and then argue that this restriction leaves the ethicist with insufficient resources for constructive ethical reflection. Finally, it will show that his reading of Gal 3:28 shows considerable tension with the development of his thought in his recent essay, “Apocalyptic Epistemology” and also appears to be incompatible with traditional accounts of the incarnation. Inasmuch as Campbell's proposal reflects a number of common trajectories in contemporary studies of Pauline ethics—a turn toward eschatology, a suspicion of “natural theology,” and an emphasis on the liberational elements of Paul's gospel—the conclusions of this article have salient implications for future studies in Pauline ethics, particularly on the continuities and discontinuities between the categories of our lived existence and their relation to our identity in Christ.
Supernal Loveliness and Fantastic Foolery: The Esthetic Dimension in Poe and Hawthorne
Authors: Colacurcio Michael 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This essay was a keynote presentation at the 2019 International Hawthorne and Poe Conference in Kyoto, Japan. Comparing and contrasting these celebrated contemporaries in broad yet telling ways, the essay considers in depth the esthetic principles and &#x93;dimensions&#x94; of the two. As Colacurcio argues, Poe was, firstly, a poet, his religion always the &#x93;religion of Beauty.&#x94; For Hawthorne, a skeptic and a moral historian, literature and creative enterprises were rather &#x93;a rare form of play.&#x94; But both shared &#x93;a serious concern for the fate of esthetic pleasure.&#x94;
The Teller and the Tale: A Note on Hawthorne's Narrators
Authors: Colacurcio Michael 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis essay conducts close investigations into the matter of the “tellers” of Nathaniel Hawthorne's tales, beginning with a look at the abortive “Story-Teller” collection with its lost narrative frame, and proceeding through Twice-told Tales and stories of the Old Manse period to the novels. Concentrating especially on some of Hawthorne's most famous unsteady, unstable, or inadequate narrators—like those in “The Birth-mark,” “The Artist of the Beautiful,” “Rappaccini's Daughter,” and “Main-street”—the author poses the questions: whom or what should one trust, when reading Hawthorne's works, and where is the author in all this?
“The black moment became at once a blissful one”: Holgrave's Transformation inThe House of the Seven Gables, a Psychoanalytic Reading
Authors: Diamond David B. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn this essay I construct a psychoanalytically informed narrative of the life of the young daguerreotypist, Holgrave, which sets a foundation for interpreting the momentous transformation that he undergoes toward the romance's conclusion. The nature of this transformation and its centrality to the novel have not received adequate attention in the critical literature; in fact, they have often been misunderstood. This psychoanalytic reading seeks to remedy the deficiency. Holgrave comes to inhabit the House of the Seven Gables as its present-day Maule nemesis; the Maule curse is again realized in the apoplectic death of the hated Jaffrey Pyncheon. Contrary to all expectation, in the presence of the Judge's corpse, Holgrave is catapulted into a state of depression, alienation, and despair. Hitherto emotionally aloof, in the scene with Jaffrey Pyncheon's dead body, Holgrave takes his place as an active agent in the finale of the long-standing, destructive conflict between the Maules and the Pyncheons. In a narrative gap that the essay reconstructs, the tormented history of the House of the Seven Gables falls heavily on Holgrave's conscience and prompts an abrupt and painful loss of innocence for which love with Phoebe can uniquely compensate. The daguerreotypist's youthful radicalism is significantly modulated during his existential encounter with the unconscious and with death. Holgrave's transformation resonates within the moral, social, and spiritual dimensions of the romance's felicitous conclusion.
She Stoops to Conquer: An Irish Expatriate Comedy
Authors: Evans James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Oliver Goldsmith’s representation of two English gentlemen visiting a country house allegorizes Irish expatriate experience in She Stoops to Conquer. The play mocks a distinctive urban masculinity, the macaroni, by showing how ridiculous such fashionable characters become when removed from London. Resembling expatriates in this new, uncomfortable setting, the self-exiled gentlemen prompt Tony Lumpkin’s waggery, which is enhanced by Kate Hardcastle’s mockery of Marlow, her prospective husband. Goldsmith adapted elements of his plot from The Beaux Stratagem, a comedy by his Irish expatriate precursor George Farquhar, and he also incorporates autobiographical aspects of his Irish youth and recent English past. The laughter evoked by his fine gentlemen includes self-mockery, the result of Goldsmith’s double perspective on balancing the roles of outsider and insider, comic Irishman and fashionable Londoner.