bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect and durability of functional exercises on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) scores in people with intellectual disabilities: a preliminary report
Authors: Bahiraei S. , Daneshmandi H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundProblems and limitations of movement in individuals with ID are highly common, which particularly may cause the loss of basic performance and limit the person's independence in doing their daily activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect and durability of functional exercises on balance evaluation systems test (BESTest) scores of individuals with ID.MethodsIn the present study, 34 participants with ID were selected randomly and divided into three groups: training groups [unstable group (UG); n = 12; age = 21.46 ± 5.37 years and stable group (SG); n = 12; age = 18.50 ± 2.11 years] or the control group (CG; n = 10; age = 19.50 ± 1.27 years). The postural stability measure was collected with the BESTest. The training groups did the functional exercises for 8 weeks, 3 days/week and 1 h/day. The control group did not experience any training. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 22 software on a significance level (P < 0.05).ResultsBoth UG and SG training improved the outcome measures [biomechanical constraints (F = 14.04; P = 0.001), limits of stability/verticality (F = 54.39; P = 0.001), postural responses (F = 26.28; P = 0.001), anticipatory postural adjustment (F = 22.72; P = 0.001), stability in gait (F = 51.95; P = 0.001), sensory orientation (F = 83.87; P = 0.001) and total score (F = 114.1; P = 0.001)]. These improvements were maintained at a 1‐month follow‐up, although the effect was slightly reduced. The results showed that the training group at an unstable level has more balanced improvement compared to the training group at a stable level.ConclusionThis study presents evidence that functional exercises can be recognised as a comprehensive and effective mediator in the improvement of balance in individuals with ID and also affect performance and movement activities.
Disparate but not antagonistic: Classes of labour in cotton production in Burkina Faso
Authors: Engels Bettina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various ‘classes of labour’ organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances.
Multimodality, learning and decision‐making: children's metacognitive reflections on their engagement with video games as interactive texts
Authors: von Gillern Sam , Stufft Carolyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines how 31 middle‐school children conducted multimodal analyses of video games. Over four consecutive days, students played video games for 30 minutes and then wrote written reflections about the multimodal symbols within the game and how these symbols influenced their interpretation and decision‐making processes during gameplay. Students produced 124 reflections in total, which were analysed via template analysis to determine how children metacognitively reflected on different types of multimodal symbols and used those symbols to comprehend the games and make decisions. Results illustrate how students engaged in metacognitive semantic and syntactic processes with a variety of multimodal symbols, such as written language, dynamic visuals and abstract symbols, during gameplay that aided their understanding of the games and influenced their decisions. This study contributes to the limited empirical research on video game literacies and illustrates children's meaning‐making processes while engaged with video games as multimodal interactive texts.
Promising trends and influencing factors of complementary feeding practices in Côte d'Ivoire: An analysis of nationally representative survey data between 1994 and 2016
Authors: Dou Nan , Shakya Evaniya , Ngoutane Raphia M. , Garnier Denis , Kouame Oka R. , Dain Anne‐Sophie L. , Garg Aashima , Kodish Stephen R. , Caulfield Laura E. , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. , Na Muzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPoor complementary feeding (CF) challenges early childhood growth. We examined the trends and influencing factors of CF practices among children aged 6–23 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS, 1994–2011) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS, 2000–2016), the trends and predictors of World Health Organization‐United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund CF indicators including the timely introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were determined. Using 2016 MICS data, we applied multivariate logistic regression models to identify factors associated with CF indicators. Between 1994 and 2016, the mean proportion of children aged 6–8 months achieving INTRO was 56.9% and increased by about 25% points since 2006. Over 2011–2016, the proportion of children aged 6–23 months meeting MMF, MDD and MAD increased from 40.2% to 47.7%, 11.3% to 26.0% and 4.6% to 12.5%, respectively. Older children and those from urban households had higher odds of meeting MDD and MAD. Maternal TV watching was associated with higher odds of meeting MDD. The secondary or higher education levels of mothers significantly predicted higher odds of meeting INTRO and MDD. Currently, breastfeeding was also positively associated with odds of meeting MMF and MAD. Children from poorer households had lower odds of meeting MMF, MDD and MAD. Despite the improvements, CF practices remain suboptimal in Côte d'Ivoire. Influencing factors associated with CF were distributed across individual, household and community levels, calling for future programmes and policies to implement multi‐level strategies to improve young children's diet in Côte d'Ivoire.
Investigating bracovirus chromosomal integration and inheritance in lepidopteran host and nontarget species
Authors: Muller Héloïse , Heisserer Camille , Fortuna Taiadjana , Mougel Florence , Huguet Elisabeth , Kaiser Laure , Gilbert Clément 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBracoviruses (BVs) are domesticated viruses found in braconid parasitoid wasp genomes. They are composed of domesticated genes from a nudivrius, coding viral particles in which wasp DNA circles are packaged. BVs are viewed as possible vectors of horizontal transfer of genetic material (HT) from wasp to their hosts because they are injected, together with wasp eggs, by female wasps into their host larvae, and because they undergo massive chromosomal integration in multiple host tissues. Here, we show that chromosomal integrations of the Cotesia typhae BV (CtBV) persist up to the adult stage in individuals of its natural host, Sesamia nonagrioides, that survived parasitism. However, while reproducing host adults can bear an average of nearly two CtBV integrations per haploid genome, we were unable to retrieve any of these integrations in 500 of their offspring using Illumina sequencing. This suggests either that host gametes are less targeted by CtBVs than somatic cells or that gametes bearing BV integrations are nonfunctional. We further show that CtBV can massively integrate into the chromosomes of other lepidopteran species that are not normally targeted by the wasp in the wild, including one which is divergent by at least 100 million years from the natural host. Cell entry and chromosomal integration of BVs are thus unlikely to be major factors shaping wasp host range. Together, our results shed new light on the conditions under which BV‐mediated wasp‐to‐host HT may occur and provide information that may be helpful to evaluate the potential risks of uncontrolled HT associated with the use of parasitoid wasps as biocontrol agents.
A complete absence of indirect genetic effects on brain gene expression in a highly social context
Authors: Kay Tomas , Alciatore Giacamo , La Mendola Christine , Reuter Max , Ulrich Yuko , Keller Laurent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenes not only control traits of their carrier organism (known as direct genetic effects or DGEs) but also shape their carrier's physical environment and the phenotypes of their carrier's social partners (known as indirect genetic effects or IGEs). Theoretical research has shown that the effects that genes exert on social partners can have profound consequences, potentially altering heritability and the direction of trait evolution. Complementary empirical research has shown that in various contexts (particularly in animal agriculture) IGEs can explain a large proportion of variation in specific traits. However, little is known about the general prevalence of IGEs. We conducted a reciprocal cross‐fostering experiment with two genetic lineages of the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi to quantify the relative contribution of DGEs and IGEs to variation in brain gene expression (which underlies behavioural variation). We found that thousands of genes are differentially expressed by DGEs but not a single gene is differentially expressed by IGEs. This is surprising given the highly social context of ant colonies and given that individual behaviour varies according to the genotypic composition of the social environment in O. biroi. Overall, these findings indicate that we have a lot to learn about how the magnitude of IGEs varies across species and contexts.
Variations of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Large Wounds in the Extremity
Authors: He Jiqiang , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Ketheeswaran Suvetha , Yu Fang , Tang Juyu 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to report a novel nomenclature system for extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LD) flaps. To evaluate the clinical application and surgical efficacy of the different extended LD flaps for large wounds in the extremities.MethodsFrom January 2004 to December 2018, 72 consecutive patients who received extended LD flaps were retrospectively analyzed. Patients' ages ranged from 2 to 68 years with 37 males and 35 females. All wounds were extensive in either the upper or lower limbs, while the skin defect area ranged from 18 cm × 10 cm to 37 cm × 21 cm. Forty‐one wounds were located in the calf, 18 in the foot and ankle, six in the shoulder and upper arm, four in the thigh, and three at the knee joint. Twenty‐eight patients had fractures, and six of these patients with segmental bone defects (ranging in size from 3 to 7 cm) required secondary orthopaedic procedures. Single‐ and double‐wing extended LD flaps were designed and harvested according to the shape of the wounds.ResultsThe flaps received consisted of 64 single‐wing and eight double‐wing extended LD flaps, and the mean flap harvest time was 56.2 min. The donor sites were closed primarily for all patients. Additional subcutaneous veins were anastomosed to the recipient's vessels in 14 patients. The venous crisis was noticed on the first postoperative day in four cases. Two flaps were salvaged after emergency re‐exploration, and another two patients' flaps were necrosed. In these two patients, lower limb amputation and extended LD flap on the other side were used, respectively, for the final treatment. The wounds healed well, providing reliable soft tissue coverage and good contour in the reconstructed areas. Six patients had segmental bone defects that required secondary orthopaedic procedures, two patients were repaired with vascularized iliac crest bone grafts, and another four patients were reconstructed by the Ilizarov technique. All the patients' bone defects achieved union and most patients achieved good functional recovery at the recipient site. The mean follow‐up was 15.7 months (range, 10–56 months). No significant donor site morbidities limiting patients' daily activities occurred during the follow‐up. Eight patients developed a donor site hypertrophic scar, three patients on the back, and five on the anterolateral thigh.ConclusionSingle‐ and double‐wing extended LD flaps are simple and reliable methods for large skin and soft tissue defects in the extremity, with good functional and aesthetic results.
Multi‐scenario simulation of land use change based on MCR‐SD‐FLUS model: A case study of Nanchang, China
Authors: Gu Moli , Ye Changsheng , Hu Mengshan , Lyu Xue , Li Xin , Hu Haiping , Huang Xiaolan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModeling land use/cover change (LUCC) is a helpful approach to simulate land use changes, analyze land use driving mechanisms, and support territorial spatial planning. However, there is no single model that comprehensively represents spatiotemporal changes, impact mechanisms, and ecological conservation of land use. This article focuses on Nanchang City and how the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the system dynamics (SD) model, and the future land use simulation (FLUS) model can be combined and applied to simulate the trends of land utilization change in different future scenarios. This allows us to explore the environmental protection policies and constraints, as well as to assess the socioeconomic regulation mechanisms and dynamic spatial patterns of land use. The results proved that the integrated model is competent in monitoring and projecting the dynamics of LUCC. The areas suitable for ecological protection are mainly located in the southeast, northeast and Meiling Scenic Area of Nanchang. By 2030, the scale of cultivated land will decrease, while the scale of forestland, grassland, water area, and total construction land will increase. Spatially, some cultivated land will be occupied due to the expansion of urban land, while the rural settlement land will be converted into other construction land. The interconversion of ecological lands also encroaches on part of the cultivated land. This scenario simulation based on the coupled MCR‐SD‐FLUS model provides decision‐making options for land resource planning and ecological environment assessment not only in the study region but also in other similar cities.
SWARM UAV IMPLEMENTATION USING RADIO LOCALIZATION ON GPS DENIED AREAS
Authors: Scott Chu Timothy , Chua Alvin , Say Marc , Sybingco Edwin , Roque Maria Antonette 
Published: September 2022

Swarming is a rapidly growing idea that is being implemented in UAV applications. Its effectiveness and efficiency in finding solutions or executing the desired task served as the main motivation for this study. Localization techniques are vital for swarm implementation and deployment since it one of the main determining factors in its performance. Vision systems have been widely used for localization; however, it may be costly as it requires multiple appropriate cameras. Another localization technique, which is explored in this research, is radio localization. This localization employs Ultrawide-Band radios to communicate with each other to return a target’s position with respect to several reference points. The study presents a new collaborative UAV implementation deployed using radio localized systems for harsh or unknown environments. The study used the Loco Positioning System operating on the Time Difference of Arrival protocol to maneuver two UAVs in a workspace. The study determined how well the system can execute the desired flight path and the performance of the system in keeping the set distance between UAVs to avoid possible collisions. Results of the study showed that the proposed implementation was successful in maneuvering the UAVs flying 0.3 m apart.
The Needs for Understanding the Fundamentals of Islamic Tourism City from The Shariah Perspective
Authors: Ruzulana Zulaipa , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat , Aris Anuar Ahmad Nazrin , Musa Fathullah Harun Hanifah 
Published: September 2022

Strategic planning and management of the Islamic tourism activities in the city are significant owing to the adherence to any available regulations enforced by the city's local authority. Since the recognition of the Islamic tourism industry has grown considerably in recent years as part of a new niche segment of the tourism industry; thus, the concept of the Islamic tourism city is still new and vague. This paper purposely aims to explore the need for understanding the fundamentals of the Islamic tourism city and its features to differentiate it from the conventional tourism city. This study employs a qualitative research methodology in which the in-text document method was used for the data collection, and the data was subsequently analysed using content analysis until the study's objective was met. The study has found that the available discussions on the concept of the Islamic tourism city are exhausted, and this could influence the governing process of Islamic tourism city whether it is in line with the Islamic teaching since the previous study less explores the concept. It is suggested that related parties such as the Islamic tourism planner, the local authorities and the academicians actively establish the concept of an Islamic tourism city because it is a necessity today due to the availability of the Islamic tourism products in the cities. Likewise, mismanagement could happen if there is no proper management of the Islamic tourism city within the Shariah principles.
Ultra‐low power deep sustained optogenetic excitation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes with red‐shifted opsins: a computational study
Authors: Pyari Gur , Bansal Himanshu , Roy Sukhdev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main challenge in cardiac optogenetics is to have low‐power, high‐fidelity deep excitation of cells with minimal invasiveness and heating. We present a detailed computational study of optogenetic excitation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCMs) with new ChRmine, bReaChES and CsChrimson red‐shifted opsins to overcome the challenge. Action potentials (APs) in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be triggered at 6 µW mm−2 (10 ms pulse) and 0.7 µW mm−2 (100 ms pulse) at 585 nm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than ChR2(H134R). This enables safe sustained excitation of deeply situated cardiac cells with ChRmine (7.46 mm) and with bReaChES (6.21 mm) with the light source at the pericardium surface. Deeper excitation up to 10.2 mm can be achieved with ChRmine by illuminating at 650 nm. Photostimulation conditions for minimum charge transfer during APs have been determined, which is important for tissue health under sustained excitation. The AP duration for all the opsins is constant up to 100 ms pulse width but increases thereafter. Interestingly, the AP frequency increases with irradiance under continuous illumination, but APs are suppressed at higher irradiances. The optimal range of irradiance for each opsin to excite HVCMs has been determined. Under optimal photostimulation conditions, each opsin can precisely excite APs up to 2.5 Hz, while latency and power of light pulse for each AP in a sequence remain most stable and an order of magnitude lower, respectively, in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs. The study highlights the importance of ChRmine and bReaChES for resynchronization, termination of ventricular tachycardia and designing optogenetic cardiac pacemakers with enhanced battery life.
imageKey points
This work is the formulation of accurate theoretical models of optogenetic control of human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCMs) expressed with newly discovered opsins (ChRmine, bReaChES and CsChrimson).
Under continuous illumination, action potentials in each opsin‐expressing HVCMs can only be evoked in a certain range of irradiances.
Action potentials in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be triggered at ultra‐low power (6 µW mm−2 at 10 ms pulse or 0.7 µW mm−2 at 100 ms pulse at 585 nm), which is two to three orders of magnitude lower than reported results.
Ongoing action potentials in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be suppressed by continuous illumination of 585 nm light at 2 µW mm−2.
ChRmine enables sustained excitation due to its faster recovery from the desensitized state.
Optogenetic excitation of deeply situated cardiac cells is possible up to ∼7.46 and 10.2 mm with ChRmine on illuminating the outer surface of pericardium at safe irradiance at 585 nm and 650 nm, respectively.
The study opens up prospects for designing energy‐efficient light‐induced pacemakers, resynchronization and termination of ventricular tachycardia.
Establishment of the Off-Center Embedded Crack Stress Intensity Factor Database for Probabilistic Risk Assessment Based on Universal Weight Function
Authors: Xu Tongge , Ding Shuiting , Zhou Huimin , Li Guo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Probabilistic failure risk analysis is frequently used in the airworthiness area, while efficient stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are vital in its process. Universal weight function (UWF) is a method that has remarkable computational efficiency and high accuracy in SIF calculation. However, the concrete coefficients in the UWF for different geometries remain unknown, which hinders the subsequent application of the method. This article focuses on general off-center embedded cracks. The response surface method is used to construct the UWF database. The accuracy of the database is confirmed by comparing it with existing literature and the finite element method, although large errors are identified to be inevitable for certain stress. Gaussian process regression is further adopted for better fitting, and the R-square is over 0.96. In addition, the effect of the offset distance on SIFs is discussed for embedded cracks in a given plate. Results show that SIF changes are dependent on the plate boundary in the uniform stress field, while stress predominates the SIF changes in nonuniform stress fields.