bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet User Trackers and Where to Find Them
Authors: Teze Vitalijs , Nazaruka Erika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the modern online world, users are often asked for a permission to track their actions as a permission to “allow cookies”. The gathered information could be very valuable for a potential advertiser. However, online tracking is not only a benefit for a user but also a threat to the user’s privacy. This information combined with a targeted advertisement on a mass scale has potential to alter behaviour of large groups. This study summarises previous academic work on online user tracking and anti-tracking measures. As a result, it describes the current mechanisms used to track a user, as well as some methods that can be applied to reduce tracking. The study concludes that government legislation and open dialog between Internet users and advertisers might be the only way to ensure online privacy.
Investigation regarding the potential application of grape pomace extracts on in vitro plant growth and development
Authors: Bran Petronela Elena , Nicuţă Daniela , Grosu Luminiţa , Patriciu Oana-Irina , Alexa Irina-Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The grape pomace hydroalcoholic extracts obtained by two different extraction methods were tested for biostimulatory potential activity for Origanum vulgare L. cultures. The total polyphenols contents of extracts were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Characteristics such as: pH, salinity, conductivity and total dissolved solids were determined. FTIR and UV spectra of extracts were also recorded. The effect of grape pomace extracts on growth and development of oregano plant were studied by carrying out in vitro propagation of oregano on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of grape pomace extracts. Biometric measurements, growth rate and biomass accumulation have been narrowly monitored for all samples and compared to the control sample. The results have shown that the morphogenetic response depends both on the proportion in which basal medium was supplemented and on the extraction method used. A stimulation of growth and development at a low concentration of grape pomace extracts has been noted. The best results were observed in the samples with 1 and 5 % of grape pomace extract obtained by classical extraction.
How various mulch materials can affect the soil hydro-physical properties
Authors: Fér Miroslav , Nikodem Antonín , Trejbalová Sára , Klement Aleš , Pavlů Lenka , Kodešová Radka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An application of different mulch materials may lead to changes in soil properties. Our previous study, focused on the impact of various mulches during the 4-year period, showed that the change in some properties can be very rapid (e.g., soil pH), but in other cases such as hydraulic properties, the changes can be gradual. To find out, whether the extension of the mulching period will further affect the studied soil properties, the experiment continued for another 2 years. Differences between values of organic carbon content (Cox), soil physical quality (S
inf), gravitational water (GW) and readily available water (RAW) of soils not covered by any mulch and under various mulches (bark chips; wood chips; wheat straw; Agrotex EKO+ decomposable matting; polypropylene fabric covered bark chips; crushed stone) were much larger than those observed in our previous study. On the other hand, the opposite trend was observed for the water stable aggregates (WSA) index or soil pH. Differences between additionally measured hydraulic conductivities at the pressure head of −2 cm and repellency index (RI) were mostly insignificant. Results indicated that organic mulches can either positively (e.g., increase WSA index and Cox, and decrease GW) or negatively (e.g., decrease S
inf and RAW, and increase RI) affect soil properties.
Effect of microplastics on silty loam soil properties and radish growth
Authors: Botyanszká Lenka , Šurda Peter , Vitková Justína , Lichner Ľubomír , Igaz Dušan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (particles of plastics <5 mm) affect the physical, biological and hydrological properties of agricultural soil, as well as crop growth. We investigated the effect of the addition of three microplastics (high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS)) at a concentration of 5% (w/w) to a silty loam soil on selected soil properties and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus). Changes in the soil properties and radish growth in three microplastic treatments were compared with the control. Soil properties (bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, water repellency) were estimated for each treatment at the beginning and at the end of the radish growing period (GP). The bulk density was significantly lower in the HDPE and PVC treatments compared to the control within the measurement at the beginning of the GP and in all microplastic treatments compared to the control at the end of the GP. The values of hydraulic conductivity and water sorptivity did not show significant differences between any treatments within the measurement at the beginning of GP, but they were significantly higher in the HDPE treatment compared to the control at the end of the GP.
The growth of radish was characterized by the plant biomass and effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y (II)). We did not find a statistically significant difference in the total biomass of radish between any of the experimental treatments, maybe due to used concentration of microplastics. The mean value of Y (II) was significantly higher in all microplastic treatments compared to control only within the last measurement at the end of the GP. A statistically significant change of Y(II) in all microplastic treatments may indicate functional shift in soil properties; however, the measured values of the soil characteristics have not shown the significant changes (except for the bulk density values in all microplastic treatments and hydraulic conductivity together with sorptivity in HDPE treatment within the measurement at the end of GP).
Generational Differences in the Labour Market – Three Confounded Effects
Authors: Wilczyńska Kinga , Wieczorkowska Grażyna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective: Many research claim that Millennials value work ethic much lower and leisure time much higher than older generations. Most of them are based on cross-sectional analyses of data collected at one time. This design confounds the COHORT effect (born in the same time period and thus exposed to the same cultural forces during their formative socialization period) and biological AGE, and it makes it impossible to separate them. Our goal is to demonstrate how to empirically separate the confounded effects of APC (biological AGE – PERIOD of measurement – COHORT) in a simple way.

Methodology: Three generations (Baby Boomers, X-ers and Millennials) from the representative Polish samples of the World Value Survey, were cross-sectionally compared, and a cross-lagged comparison was made between BB in 2005 vs X in 2020, and between X in 2005 and Millennials in 2020.

Findings: It was shown that significant cross-sectional differences in attitudes toward work between the 3 generation (with the highest score for Baby Boom-ers and the lowest for Millennials) cannot be explained by age differences. Over the period of 15 years, the importance of leisure time has increased for all generations (PERIOD effect).

Value Added: The paper highlights significant methodological problem: the confounding effect of APC in most generational findings. It promotes the idea of using nationally representative samples from publicly available data like World Value Survey, instead of collecting convenience samples.

Recommendations: Greater methodological rigour in generational studies is recommended, as their results can create/support stereotypes that tend to generate individual expectations (e.g. every Millennial is computer literate or lazy), ignoring the fact that intra-generational variability is very high.
A New Perspective for Marketing: The Impact of Social Media on Customer Experience
Authors: Ayoub Asad , Balawi Ayman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social media on customer experience and how companies can use social media to enhance the experience of customers.

Methodology: Literature synthesis method was followed to trace out and analyse the data. The EBSCO Discovery of Science and Google Scholar databases were used to find the articles. Over thirty articles were produced from the total (190) search query results after applying limiters, deleting duplicates, and enforcing non-business settings.

Findings: Social media has a considerable impact on customer experience due to its widespread and easy access by customers. It enabled companies to classify customers, get a lot of information about them, and get very fast feedback about their impressions related to their product or services. Social media may have a positive or negative impact on customer experience, so the role of management is important to manage these media in a way that will benefit the company and support it to achieve its objectives.

Value Added: This article provides a clear picture on exploring the impact of social media on customer experience. The results of the research can be used to guide companies on how to use social media to enhance the experience of customers.

Recommendations: Companies should smartly manage social media and employ qualified staff to improve the customer’s experience and avoid the side effects that this type of media may have on customer experience. In addition, customer experience should be a strategic goal because it helps the company meet its overall goals.
The geopolitics of territorial relativity. Poland seen by Rudolf Kjellén
Authors: Lundén Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922) discusses the birth, death, and possible rebirth of the state as a ‘living organism’. His concept of the nation, based on Renan, as a voluntary community is linked to the attainment of statehood. Poland is an example in this discussion, beginning in his book Stormakterna – The Great Powers – in 1905, with the nation under subjugation by three of these powers, continuing with his Staten som lifsform in 1916 where the possibility of rebirth is in sight, and finalized in 1920 in questioning the future of the world geopolitical order. His writings also include statements on the vulnerability of borders, the need for domestic autarky, and, on the problems of territorial autonomy, discussions of importance for the post-World War I geopolitical history of Poland; but these have mostly been neglected by post-World War II discourses. The aim of this article is to analyse how Poland's geopolitical situation is reflected in the viewpoints of Rudolf Kjellén against the background of the historical, spatial development of the Polish state and Polish ethnicity.
Automation of slice thickness measurements in computed tomography images of AAPM CT performance phantom using a non-rotational method
Authors: Ximenes Angelita D , Anam Choirul , Hidayanto Eko , Naufal Ariij , Rukmana Dito A , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose: The current study proposes a method for automatically measuring slice thickness using a non-rotational method on the middle stair object of the AAPM CT performance phantom image.

Method: The AAPM CT performance phantom was scanned by a GE Healthcare 128-slice CT scanner with nominal slice thicknesses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5 and 10 mm. The automated slice thickness was measured as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the profile of the middle stair object using a non-rotational method. The non-rotational method avoided rotating the image of the phantom. Instead, the lines to make the profiles were automatically rotated to confirm the stair’s location and rotation. The results of this non-rotational method were compared with those from a previous rotational method.

Results: The slice thicknesses from the non-rotational method were 1.55, 1.86, 3.27, 4.86, 6.58, 7.57, and 9.66 mm for nominal slice thicknesses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.4, 3.75, 5, 7.5, and 10 mm, respectively. By comparison, the slice thicknesses from the rotational method were 1.53, 1.87, 3.32, 4.98, 6.77, 7.75, and 9.80 mm, respectively. The results of the nonrotational method were slightly lower (i.e. 0.25%) than the results of the rotational method for each nominal slice thickness, except for the smallest slice thickness.

Conclusions: An alternative algorithm using a non-rotational method to measure the slice thickness of the middle stair object in the AAPM CT performance phantom was successfully implemented. The slice thicknesses from the nonrotational method results were slightly lower than the rotational method results for each nominal slice thickness, except at the smallest nominal slice thickness (0.625 mm).
Investigating the effect of layer thickness on the variability of porous asphalt tyre/road noise
Authors: Bull John , Wareing Rob , Chiles Stephen , Jackett Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Longitudinal variability in tyre/road noise is often associated with low-noise porous asphalt surfaces, with CPX testing results for individual 20-metre road segments commonly varying by up to 6 dB along new projects in New Zealand. In November 2018, following on from previous trials investigating the effects of air voids and stone size, three EPA7 trial sections were constructed to investigate the effects of layer thickness on tyre/road noise. The thickness effect was found to be approximately –2 dB LCPX:P1,80 per 10 mm increase in target layer thickness across the three trial sections. Core samples taken from a new road showed EPA7 layer thicknesses that differed from the target layer thickness by up to 15 mm. These findings suggest that variations in layer thickness may be a key contributor to longitudinal variations in tyre/road noise on roading projects using porous asphalt. A further investigation involving a detailed thickness survey is currently underway to better understand layer thickness variability and its effect on tyre/road noise.
Impact of the Internal Structure Density in the Process of Fabrication of Orthodontic Master Models by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Milde Jan , Papagiannopoulos Dimitrios , Thurzo Andrej 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article focuses on the influence of infill (internal structure of components) in the dimensional accuracy of dental master models during the processes of their fabrication by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, and their vacuuming process for production of clear orthodontic aligners. The components, in this case, were the upper jaws (maxillary teeth) of two individual patients (Tzina, Dimitris), which were obtained by intraoral 3D scanning. Patient Tzina at the time of intra-oral scanning was 27 years old and Dimitris was 23 years old. The method of 3D printing was the FDM, and the material used in this research was thermoplastic high impact polystyrene (HIPS). Three different percentages of infill density were set, 60%, 80%, and 100%. For each setting, there were five specimens (thirty 3D printed dental models in total, 15 for Tzina and 15 for Dimitris). After the 3D printing, the models were digitized and measured by GOM ATOS II Triple Scan MV 170 optical 3D scanner and compared with the values of the initial digital models. Then the dental master models underwent the process of Essix-aligners formation (single press) and were rescanned and measured again. The outcome of this research was to examine if the dental master models remain dimensionally accurate after these processes, and which infill provides the optimal and medically approved accuracy.
Analisis Tingkat Keamanan pada Mesin Penghancur dan Penepung Sekam Padi Berskala Rumah Tangga
Authors: Mudhaffar Muhammad Raufan , Nugraha Gusniar Iwan , Arifin Arifin 
Published: August 2022

Beras merupakan salah satu sumber makanan pokok bagi sebagian besar penduduk dunia, khususnya pada kawasan asia, produksi pada beras di dunia tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2011 mencapai 451 juta ton, sedangkan untuk konsumsi beras dunia sebesar 430 juta ton, dengan total stok beras di pasar dunia mencapai 95 juta ton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis komponen poros penghancur yang ada pada mesin yang akan dianalisis untuk mengetahui seberapa aman komponen poros untuk mesin penghancur yang digunakan dalam perancangan mesin penghancur padi dan penepung sekam padi berskala rumah tangga dengan material baja AISI 1020. Metode analisa yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode elemen hingga agar dapat diketahui nilai tegangan, displacement dan factor keamaan. Hasil dari simulasi tersebut didapat nilai tegangan pada kondisi satu, dua, dan tiga sebesar 6,123×105 N/m2, 7,668×105 N/m2, 9,218×105 N/m2. Displacement yang terjadi pada kondisi satu, dua, dan tiga adalah 2,630×10-4 mm, 2,673×10-4 mm, 2,736×10-4. Dimana dari hasil simulasi tersebut memiliki nilai lebih kecil dari tegangan izin material sebesar 294,8×106 N/m2, sehingga komponen tersebut dinyatakan aman.
Rice is one of the staple food sources for most of the world's population, especially in the Asian region, world rice production from 2010 to 2011 reached 451 million tons, while world rice consumption was 430 million tons, with a total stock of rice in the world market reaching 95 million tons. The purpose of this study is to analyze the components of the crusher shaft on the machine to be analyzed to find out how safe the shaft component for the crusher is used in the design of household-scale rice crushing and rice husk flouring machines with AISI 1020 steel materials. The analytical method to be used in this study is a finite element method in order to know the value of stress, displacement, and safety factor. The results of the simulation show that the stress values ??in conditions one, two, and three are 6.123×105 N/m2, 7.668×105 N/m2, 9.218×105 N/m2. The displacements that occur in conditions one, two, and three are 2,630×10-4 mm, 2,673×10-4 mm, 2,736×10-4. Wherefrom the simulation results it has a value smaller than the material permit stress of 294.8×106 N/m2 so that the component is declared safe.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB CONTRACT CHANGE ORDER DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Dharmayanti GAP Candra , Janasuputra IMG Bayu , Wiryasa Ngk. Md. Anom 
Published: August 2022

Badung Regency government has 116 activities in 2018 where there were 77.5% experiencing Contract Change Order (CCO) during construction phase. This study aimed to analyze the influential factors of CCO on the construction project performanceand to formulate prevention strategies. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 55 respondents. Data was analysed using RII and multiple linier regression methods. The most dominant factor causing the occurrence of CCO was the discrepancy between the project designand the field condition, as indicated bythe RII value of 0.735. The multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that there were 5 dominant factors (the best predictors) that affect the project performance. Among the 5 factors, the discrepancy between the project design and the project field condition was indictaed as the most influential factor on the overall project performance in term of quality, cost and time. Based on separate regression analysischanges in the project work scopeor the project additional volume of work become the most influencing factors to the project quality.Strategies for preventing CCO was formulated based on interview with the experts, that cover conducting field survey to complete the required data, using BIM software to provide accurate volume of work, and synchronizing planning document to ensure the project design fulfilled the requirement of the building users.
العلاقة بين نسبة الاعاقة ومستوى التعليم في مدينة أربيل
Authors: Mohammed Ozer Abdullah 
Published: August 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين نسبة الاعاقة ومستوى التعليم في اقليم كوردستان وان منطقة اجراء الدراسة هي مدينة أربيل وان عينة الدراسة تتألف من (105) معاق ومعاقة من معاقين مدينة أربيل وتم جمع البيانات عشوائيا بواسطة استمارة استبيان في المعاهد و منظمات المختصة بالمعاقين. تم تصنيف النتائج النهائية لعينة الدراسة حسب نوع اعاقتهم و كما موضح في الجدول(1) .
ولأغراض الدراسة قام الباحث بإعداد مقياسين."الأول يقيس نسبة الاعاقة للمصابين وحسب التقارير الطبية واحصائيات المنظمات التي يتنمون اليها. والثاني مستوى الدراسة من خلال الشهادات التي حصلوا عليها.ثم ركزت الدراسة على المشكلات والعوائق التي تعيق تكملة الدراسة والحصول على شهادات عليا. لأن نتائج الدراسة تظهر بأن من (105) معوق ومعوقة لا توجد شهادة عليا (ماجستير ودكتوراه) ومن ضمنهم اثنان بكالوريوس فقط. ولكن أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الاعاقة ليست سبب ترك الدراسة و انخفاض المستوى التعليمي لدى المعاقين "حسب اختبار مربع كاي"
وهذا يدل على أنه نقبل فرضية H0 اي لايوجد علاقة بين نسبة الاعاقة مع المستوى التعليمي للمعوق .
وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة توصي الباحث بضرورة وضع خطط، لفتح باب القبول في المعاهد والكليات التي يحق للمعاق اكمال دراسته فيها بعد اجتيازه الفحص الطبـي للقبول مع مراعات ضرورة تسهيل اجراءات الفحص الطبـي، وتشجيعهم على الزواج، وفتح المجال امامهم لقيادة السيارة لمن يأهل لذلك لكي يعودوا الى المشاركة في العملية الانتاجية وضمن الموارد والطاقة البشرية والمشاركة في عملية البناء في المجتمع ودورهم في ذلك.
تأثير السيولة على ربحية المصارف الخاصة العراقية دراسة تطبيقية تحليلية لعينه من المصارف الخاصة المدرجة قي سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: Omer Araz 
Published: August 2022

تناولت هذه الدراسة تحليل توجهات ومستويات المخاطر المصرفية بالاعتماد على مؤشرات السيولة كمحاولة لايجاد اساليب تحليلية جديدة تسهم في حل التعارض الواضح بين اهداف المصرف والتي تتمثل في الربحية والسيولة ، اذ تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في ايجاد أثر للسيولة على الربحية في المصارف الخاصة والمدرجة قي سوق العراق للأوراق المالية خلال الفترة (2013 – 2018)، ومن ثم تحديد ومعرفة طبيعة العلاقة بين السيولة المصرفية والربحية، وهدفت الدراسة الى بيان تأثير السيولة على الربحية في المصارف الخاصة المدرجة في العراق ومدى قدرتهم على تغطية التزاماتهم المالية. اما ابرز استنتاجات الدراسة تبين أنّ معظم المصارف عينة الدراسة لم تنجح بمقدار كبير في تحقيق التوافق بين هدف السيولة المصرفية وهدف الربحية، اذ يتميز المصرف كوردستان الدولي للاستثمار والتنمية الذي يتميز بالارتفاع في سيولته المصرفية، وكانت الارباح مستقرة إلى حدّ ما، واما مصرف الاستثمار العراقي احتلت بالمرتبة الثانية من حيث السيولة المصرفية وبالانخفاض في الارباح، وهذا يعني أن سيولته كانت على حساب ألارباح، واما مصرف بغداد و مصرف المنصور للاستثمار كان سبب انخفاض سيولتهما على حساب زيادة الإستثمار في المجالات ذات المخاطرة، الذي أدّى إلى تحقيقه نسبة مرتفعة من الأرباح. ومن خلال استنتاجاتها توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من التوصيات ابرزها تطوير واستحداث الخدمات المصرفية يمكن من خلالها زيادة ايرادات المصارف الخاصة ، وتوصيت المصارف الخاصة بالعمل على تنويع استثمارتها بالإضافة إلى التخفيف من السياسة المتحفظة التي تتبعها المصارف، والخروج عن الطابع التقليدي في العمل المصرفي مما يساهم في تعزيز ربحية المصرف وثقة المتعاملين معه.