bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic evidence reveals intraspecific divergence of the hot‐spring snake (Thermophis baileyi), an endangered reptile endemic to the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau
Authors: Yan Chaochao , Song Meng‐Huan , Jiang Dechun , Ren Jin‐Long , Lv Yunyun , Chang Jiang , Huang Song , Zaher Hussam , Li Jia‐Tang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how and why species evolve requires knowledge on intraspecific divergence. In this study, we examined intraspecific divergence in the endangered hot‐spring snake (Thermophis baileyi), an endemic species on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). Whole‐genome resequencing of 58 sampled individuals from 15 populations was performed to identify the drivers of intraspecific divergence and explore the potential roles of genes under selection. Our analyses resolved three groups, with major intergroup admixture occurring in regions of group contact. Divergence probably occurred during the Pleistocene as a result of glacial climatic oscillations, Yadong‐Gulu rift, and geothermal fields differentiation, while complex gene flow between group pairs reflected a unique intraspecific divergence pattern on the QTP. Intergroup fixed loci involved selected genes functionally related to divergence and local adaptation, especially adaptation to hot spring microenvironments in different geothermal fields. Analysis of structural variants, genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic load indicated that the hot‐spring snake population has declined to a low level with decreased diversity, which is important for the conservation management of this endangered species. Our study demonstrated that the integration of demographic history, gene flow, genomic divergence genes, and other information is necessary to distinguish the evolutionary processes involved in speciation.
Arabidopsis latent virus 1, a comovirus widely spread in Arabidopsis thaliana collections
Authors: Verhoeven Ava , Kloth Karen J. , Kupczok Anne , Oymans Geert H. , Damen Janna , Rijnsburger Karin , Jiang Zhang , Deelen Cas , Sasidharan Rashmi , van Zanten Martijn , van der Vlugt René A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Transcriptome studies of Illumina RNA‐Seq datasets of different Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions and T‐DNA mutants revealed the presence of two virus‐like RNA sequences which showed the typical two‐segmented genome characteristics of a comovirus.

This comovirus did not induce any visible symptoms in infected A. thaliana plants cultivated under standard laboratory conditions. Hence it was named Arabidopsis latent virus 1 (ArLV1). Virus infectivity in A. thaliana plants was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical inoculation. Arabidopsis latent virus 1 can also mechanically infect Nicotiana benthamiana, causing distinct mosaic symptoms.

A bioinformatics investigation of A. thaliana RNA‐Seq repositories, including nearly 6500 Sequence Read Archives (SRAs) in the NCBI SRA database, revealed the presence of ArLV1 in 25% of all archived natural A. thaliana accessions and in 8.5% of all analyzed SRAs. Arabidopsis latent virus 1 could also be detected in A. thaliana plants collected from the wild.

Arabidopsis latent virus 1 is highly seed‐transmissible with up to 40% incidence on the progeny derived from infected A. thaliana plants. This has probably led to a worldwide distribution in the model plant A. thaliana with as yet unknown effects on plant performance in a substantial number of studies.
Reserve regulation and multidimensional relative poverty of farmers: Evidence from the Panda Nature Reserves in China
Authors: Lin Chao , Gao Lan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe accurate evaluation of the relationship between nature reserves and poverty is highly significant for the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. It is widely recognized that the establishment of nature reserves is of great importance to the income poverty of farmers, but less attention has been paid to the impact of different reserves on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers. Based on the survey data of Panda Nature Reserves in China, we analyze the influence of reserve regulation (or not) and regulation intensity on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers and its mechanism. Results show that farmers in reserves are more likely to fall into multidimensional relative poverty than those outside the reserves, and there is a U‐shaped relationship between regulation intensity and multidimensional relative poverty. Further, the mechanism analysis show that, on average, the establishment of reserves has no significant impact on farmers' resource utilization capability, but too high or too low regulation intensity will affect farmers' resource utilization capacity, and aggravate their multidimensional relative poverty. The conclusions of this paper are not only conducive to the expansion of theoretical research on regulation and poverty, but also provide policy implications for realizing the coordinated development between biodiversity conservation of nature reserves and rural livelihood.
Promoting electric vehicles: Reducing charging inconvenience and price via station and consumer subsidies
Authors: Shi Lingling , Sethi Suresh P. , Çakanyıldırım Metin 
Published: September 2022

Environmental and energy independence concerns lead to government subsidies for electric vehicles (EVs). Operational decisions for a government are (i) to incentivize EV ownership by a direct consumer subsidy, a station subsidy that reduces charging inconvenience, or by both subsidies; and (ii) to minimize subsidy expenditure or to maximize EV adoption level. We model the interactions between the government and the charging supplier as a Stackelberg game and study the optimal structure of subsidies by incorporating charging inconvenience. We prove that this inconvenience is decreasing convex in the number of stations. In the expenditure minimization case, the optimal policy depends on the government adoption target and the charging station construction cost. If the adoption target is below a threshold that depends on the construction cost, the government provides pure consumer subsidy or no subsidy; otherwise, a combination of consumer and station subsidies is optimal. As the construction cost increases, the charger builds fewer stations, regardless of the subsidy type. We establish that expenditure minimization and adoption maximization yield the same subsidy policy if the charging inconvenience is linear. In a real‐life case, we find numerically that a station subsidy alone is optimal if the construction cost is not low but the adoption target is low. Besides, a long driving range reduces the need for subsidies significantly if the construction cost is high, whereas a long charging time necessitates high expenditure allocated mostly to a station subsidy.
Mineral oil interferes with potato virus Y in aphid stylets
Authors: Khelifa Mounia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMineral oils have been used for many decades to control the transmission of plant viruses and their ensuing epidemics. Although it is not clearly defined, the mode of action of these oils has been extensively studied, and effects on the feeding behaviour and orientation of the vector or the transmission of the virus by its vector have often been put forward as possible explanations. This study examines the effect of mineral oil on the interaction between potato virus Y (PVY) and its vector, the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, with particular focus on the transmission organ. A lipophilic staining technique was used to visualize the oil inside the insect's stylets for the first time. Virus binding and localization were also examined in aphid stylets following PVY acquisition. The results indicate that the presence of mineral oil on leaves reduces the likelihood of acquiring the virus. This study verified that this reduced acquisition could be accompanied by a reduction in viral load, as measured by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR on the stylets. The effect of the oil on virus retention inside the stylets was also measured. The mechanism by which the oil impacts virus acquisition seems to take place in the very early stages of acquisition, well before the virus attaches to the stylets.
Ultrasound, as a hypomethylating agent, remodels DNA methylation and alters mRNA transcription in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings
Authors: Hidvégi Norbert , Gulyás Andrea , Dobránszki Judit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAny treatment that affects seed germination and seedling development is of paramount importance from an agricultural point of view since they are critical prerequisites for successful crop production. In present study, we have examined the after‐effect of ultrasonication (at 30 kHz, 70 W for 5 min) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. SE15) seeds on the early seedling growth and development, and accompanying changes in the DNA methylation and transcriptomic pattern in 7‐day‐old seedlings. We used mRNA‐sequencing and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to identify significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), significantly differently methylated regions (DMRs) and genes (DMGs). Ultrasonication of seeds did not alter the germination rate but increased both the length and weight of roots and shoots of 7‐day‐old seedlings significantly by 23%–68% and 16%–28%, respectively. Analyzing the expression intensity of 107,891 genes, significantly differentially expressed sequences related mainly to starch biosynthesis, IAA biosynthesis, photosynthesis and TCA cycle pathways. The same pathways were also affected by DNA‐methylation changes. DNA hypomethylation occurred in the global methylation profile after ultrasound treatment altering the accessibility of some genes for transcription. Transcriptomic changes suggested alterations in the crosstalk between IAA and sucrose signaling, enhancement of growth processes, and increased activity of nuclear transcription factor stimulating the transcription of genes having CCAAT motif in the promoter. In the present first whole genome level study, we have identified seed ultrasonication as a priming technique that can act as a hypomethylating agent and thereby is able to modify the mRNA transcription allowing enhanced seedling growth.
The Mexican‐American worker: Assimilation, bias, and discrimination, 1940–2019
Authors: Verdugo Richard R. , Swanson David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere are two fundamental arguments about why Mexican Americans have failed to be assimilated. Human capital theorists argue that it is due to their inferior human capital. In contrast, other theorists argue that discrimination is the primary reason. Our proposition is that both arguments are better served if data parse out Mexican immigrants. Failure to do so creates statistical bias regarding the “true” status of Mexican‐American workers and thus the Mexican‐American population.MethodWe estimate an earnings function among three Mexican ancestry groups: Mexican‐American workers, Mexican immigrant workers, and a co‐mingled sample of Mexican‐American and Mexican immigrant workers over the period from 1940 to 2017.ResultsOur findings suggest important differences in the earnings process between Mexican‐American workers and Mexican immigrant workers. Moreover, we also find important differences in discrimination between both groups of workers.ConclusionIf the focus of future research is the labor market experiences of Mexican Americans, care should be made in parsing out Mexican immigrant workers from their sample; otherwise, results would be biased and conclusions inaccurate.
A Compliant Teleoperation System by Utilizing Haptic Guidance and Series Elastic Actuator-Based Gripper
Authors: Faruk Argin Omer , Kaya Ozan , Yagiz Bayraktaroglu Zeki , Ertugrul Seniz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article introduces a haptic-guided teleoperation framework using a series elastic actuator (SEA)-based compliant gripper. The proposed teleoperation system involves one local haptic device, one layer of virtual reality, and one remote industrial manipulator with a compliant gripper. The overall compliance of the teleoperation is distributed between the software and hardware components of the bilateral loop. On the one hand, the implemented haptic guidance is based on an elementary coupling model uniquely defined and established for all interactions among the user, remote manipulator, and virtual interface. On the other hand, the manipulator operating in the remote environment is equipped with a novel compliant gripper based on series elastic actuators, providing passive compliance at the interactions with the environment. Introducing the gripper into the haptic loop is expected to compensate for disturbances due to inaccurate modeling and/or unmodeled dynamics of the remote environment and external effects. The teleoperation system is implemented for manipulation and tracking tasks and tested with different users. Experimental results show that the haptic guidance and the compliant gripper together significantly improve the teleoperation performances in terms of transparency.
Unilateral, permanent hearing loss following severe COVID-19 infection
Authors: Akbar Sarah , Gopikrishna Darmeena , Leong Weii Jsim 
Published: September 2022

Hearing loss following COVID-19 infection has been scarcely reported in the literature.A previously well middle-aged man presented to the emergency department with breathlessness and cough 8 days after testing positive for COVID-19 in the community. The patient was treated in the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure. Following extubation and step down to ward-level care 2 months later, the patient reported sudden left-sided hearing loss and tinnitus. Ear examination was unremarkable and pure tone audiometry revealed profound left sensorineural hearing loss. MRI of the internal acoustic meatus did not show any cerebellopontine lesions. Intravenous steroid therapy as well as oral steroids were not successful in improvement of hearing.A few cases of COVID-19-associated sensorineural hearing loss have been reported; the majority report irreversible loss. Awareness of this phenomenon and early referral for specialist review and audiological assessment to attempt salvage of hearing can reduce hearing disability.
Modern endovascular management of chronic total carotid artery occlusion: technical results and procedural challenges
Authors: Radu Răzvan Alexandru , Cagnazzo Federico , Derraz Imad , Dargazanli Cyril , Rapido Francesca , Lefevre Pierre-Henri , Gascou Grégory , Costalat Vincent 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe optimal management of chronic total carotid artery occlusion (CTO) is still debated. Endovascular treatment is being increasingly used with heterogeneous technical and clinical results.MethodsPatients with CTO treated with modern endovascular approaches during the past several years (January 2018–December 2021) were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTwenty patients, with a mean age of 63.7 years, were treated during the study period. Indications for treatment were recurrent stroke in 12 (60%), hemodynamic impairment in 4 (20%), and progressive stroke in 4 (20%) patients. In 6 (30%) patients, the occlusion was limited to the cervical portion, in 5 (25%) to the petrous segment, and in 9 (45%) to the cavernous segment. Technical treatment success was achieved in 80% of cases. In patients with successful recanalization, median pretreatment hypoperfusion volumes dropped from 126 mL (25–75 IQR, 33–224 mL) to 0 mL (25–75 IQR, 0–31.5 mL). Symptomatic procedure-related complications were 30% and permanent procedure-related morbidity-mortality was 5%. Early stent occlusion occurred in 5 (25%) cases. Two cases were asymptomatic and were not retreated, 3 cases presented transient symptoms of which two were successfully recanalized. Stent occlusion was not associated with permanent symptoms. In successfully recanalized patients no intraprocedural emboli were observed.ConclusionsIn the modern endovascular era, revascularization of CTO is a feasible procedure in most cases, and it may be offered in selected patients. However, the high re-occlusion rate is still a limitation of the technique, underlining the need for more research on the technical procedural and periprocedural management.
Fully heavy dibaryons
Authors: Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Zhu Xinmei , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe existence of fully heavy dibaryons $$\varOmega _{ccc}\varOmega _{bbb}$$

Ω

ccc

Ω

bbb

, $$\varOmega _{ccb}\varOmega _{bbc}$$

Ω

ccb

Ω

bbc

, $$\varOmega _{ccc}\varOmega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

Ω

ccc

, and $$\varOmega _{bbb}\varOmega _{bbb}$$

Ω

bbb

Ω

bbb

with $$J=0,~1,~2,~3$$

J
=
0
,

1
,

2
,

3

and $$P=\pm 1$$

P
=
±
1

are investigated in the framework of a constituent quark model with the help of the resonating group method. The dibaryon composed of six c or b quarks with $$J^{P}=0^{+}$$

J
P

=

0
+

is able to be bound, because the requirement for antisymmetrization between the same baryon clusters introduces an attractive interaction between two fully heavy baryons. Although it is difficult for the dibaryon with the color-singlet type $$\varOmega _{ccc}\varOmega _{bbb}$$

Ω

ccc

Ω

bbb

to form any bound state, it is possible for the $$\varOmega _{ccb}\varOmega _{bbc}$$

Ω

ccb

Ω

bbc

state to be bound. The channel coupling of all channels of both $$\varOmega _{ccb}\varOmega _{bbc}$$

Ω

ccb

Ω

bbc

and $$\varOmega _{ccc}\varOmega _{bbb}$$

Ω

ccc

Ω

bbb

structures leads to the bound conclusion of this fully heavy system composed of three c quarks and three b quarks.
A Phase II Study Investigating Cabozantinib in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (AGICC 17CRC01)
Authors: Scott Aaron J. , Basu Mallick Atrayee , Dotan Efrat , Cohen Steven J. , Gold Philip J. , Hochster Howard S. , Subramaniam Somasundaram , Barzi Afsaneh , Watts George S. , Blatchford Patrick J. , Messersmith Wells A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown clinical activity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cabozantinib, a multi-TKI, exhibited potent antitumor activity superior to regorafenib in preclinical colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor xenograft models. This phase II study aimed to investigate cabozantinib, a multi-TKI, in patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Experimental Design:A nonrandomized, two-stage, phase II clinical trial evaluating 12-week progression-free survival (PFS) was conducted in eight cancer centers across the United States between May 2018 and July 2020.Results:A total of 44 patients were enrolled between May 2018 and May 2019, 40 of which were response evaluable. Of the total 769 reported adverse events (AE), 93 (12%) were ≥ grade 3. Five grade 5 AEs were reported of which four were unrelated to study drug and one was reported as possibly related due to bowel perforation. Eighteen patients (45%) achieved 12-week PFS with stable disease or better (confidence interval, 0.29–0.62; P &lt; 0.001). One patient (3%) had a partial response, and 27 other patients achieved stable disease as best response per RECISTv1.1. Median PFS was 3.0 months, and median overall survival was 8.3 months. Of the 18 patients who achieved 12-week PFS, 12 had left-sided primary tumors, 11 were RAS wild type, 11 were PIK3CA wild type, and 6 had previous regorafenib therapy. The 12-week PFS rate was higher in RAS wild-type tumors compared with RAS mutant tumors (0.61 vs. 0.32; P = 0.11).Conclusions:This phase II study demonstrated clinical activity of cabozantinib in heavily pretreated, patients with refractory mCRC, and supports further investigation.Significance:Targeting angiogenesis through VEGF axis blockade provides incremental survival benefit in patients with mCRC. The hepatocyte growth factor/MET signal transduction pathway has been observed as a mechanism for acquired resistance. Dual inhibition of VEGF plus MET is an attractive therapeutic strategy. This phase II trial demonstrated clinical activity with cabozantinib, a multi-TKI targeting VEGFR2 and MET, in patients with refractory, mCRC.
Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: An International Multicenter Registry Study
Authors: Griffiths Jack R. , Nussinovitch Udi , Liang Jackson J. , Sims Richard , Yoneda Zachary T. , Bernstein Hannah M. , Viswanathan Mohan N. , Khairy Paul , Srivatsa Uma N. , Frankel David S. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Sandhu Amneet , Shoemaker M. Benjamin , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Burkhardt John D. , Natale Andrea , Lakireddy Dhanunjaya , De Groot Natasja M.S. , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Moore Jeremy P. , Ávila Pablo , Ernst Sabine , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Data on atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and outcomes are limited in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with CHD presenting for AF ablation and their outcomes.

Methods:
A multicenter, retrospective analysis was performed of patients with CHD undergoing AF ablation between 2004 and 2020 at 13 participating centers. The severity of CHD was classified using 2014 Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Clinical data were collected. One-year complete procedural success was defined as freedom from atrial tachycardia or AF in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs or including previously failed antiarrhythmic drugs (partial success).

Results:
Of 240 patients, 127 (53.4%) had persistent AF, 62.5% were male, and mean age was 55.2±13.3 years. CHD complexity categories included 147 (61.3%) simple, 68 (28.3%) intermediate, and 25 (10.4%) severe. The most common CHD type was atrial septal defect (n=78). More complex CHD conditions included transposition of the great arteries (n=14), anomalous pulmonary veins (n=13), tetralogy of Fallot (n=8), cor triatriatum (n=7), single ventricle physiology (n=2), among others. The majority (71.3%) of patients had trialed at least one antiarrhythmic drug. Forty-six patients (22.1%) had reduced systemic ventricular ejection fraction <50%, and mean left atrial diameter was 44.1±8.2 mm. Pulmonary vein isolation was performed in 227 patients (94.6%); additional ablation included left atrial linear ablations (40%), complex fractionated atrial electrogram (19.2%), and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (40.8%). One-year complete and partial success rates were 45.0% and 20.5%, respectively, with no significant difference in the rate of complete success between complexity groups. Overall, 38 patients (15.8%) required more than one ablation procedure. There were 3 (1.3%) major and 13 (5.4%) minor procedural complications.

Conclusions:
AF ablation in CHD was safe and resulted in AF control in a majority of patients, regardless of complexity. Future work should address the most appropriate ablation targets in this challenging population.