bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Influences via Species Distribution Shifts and Century‐Scale Warming in an End‐To‐End California Current Ecosystem Model
Authors: Liu Owen R. , Kaplan Isaac C. , Hernvann Pierre‐Yves , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Haltuch Melissa A. , Harvey Chris J. , Marshall Kristin N. , Muhling Barbara , Norman Karma , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Rovellini Alberto , Samhouri Jameal F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change can impact marine ecosystems through many biological and ecological processes. Ecosystem models are one tool that can be used to simulate how the complex impacts of climate change may manifest in a warming world. In this study, we used an end‐to‐end Atlantis ecosystem model to compare and contrast the effects of climate‐driven species redistribution and projected temperature from three separate climate models on species of key commercial importance in the California Current Ecosystem. Adopting a scenario analysis approach, we used Atlantis to measure differences in the biomass, abundance, and weight at age of pelagic and demersal species among six simulations for the years 2013–2100 and tracked the implications of those changes for spatially defined California Current fishing fleets. The simulations varied in their use of forced climate‐driven species distribution shifts, time‐varying projections of ocean warming, or both. In general, the abundance and biomass of coastal pelagic species like Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) were more sensitive to projected climate change, while demersal groups like Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) experienced smaller changes due to counteracting effects of spatial distribution change and metabolic effects of warming. Climate‐driven species distribution shifts and the resulting changes in food web interactions were more influential than warming on end‐of‐century biomass and abundance patterns. Spatial projections of changes in fisheries catch did not always align with changes in abundance of their targeted species. This mismatch is likely due to species distribution shifts into or out of fishing areas and emphasizes the importance of a spatially explicit understanding of both climate change effects and fishing dynamics. We illuminate important biological and ecological pathways through which climate change acts in an ecosystem context and end with a discussion of potential management implications and future directions for climate change research using ecosystem models.
Patterns and Driving Factors of Litter Decomposition Rates in Global Dryland Ecosystems
Authors: Zhao Yuedan , Lu Nan , Shi Hao , Huang Jianbei , Fu Bojie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLitter decomposition is essential in linking aboveground and belowground carbon, nutrient cycles, and energy flows within ecosystems. This process has been profoundly impacted by global change, particularly in drylands, which are highly susceptible to both anthropogenic and natural disturbances. However, a significant knowledge gap remains concerning the extent and drivers of litter decomposition across different dryland ecosystems, limiting our understanding of its role in ecosystem metabolism. Using the ARIDEC data collection and published literature, a global database on litter decomposition and corresponding environmental conditions in drylands was developed, comprising 2204 observations from 158 sites. Decomposition rates varied across the four dryland subregions, with the highest rates in the dry‐subhumid region (3.24% month−1), followed by semi‐arid (3.15% month−1), arid (2.62% month−1), and hyper‐arid (2.35% month−1) regions. Notably, the dry‐subhumid region exhibited the greatest variability. Anthropogenic systems, such as cropland (5.52% month−1) and urban ecosystems (7.88% month−1), demonstrated higher decomposition rates than natural systems (averaging 3.07% month−1). Across drylands, the decomposition rate followed an exponential function of decomposition duration (), influenced by litter quality, climate, and soil properties. Beyond decomposition duration, three boosted regression tree models were developed to identify the primary factors influencing early (R2 = 0.92), mid (R2 = 0.71), and late (R2 = 0.80) decomposition stages. In the early‐ and mid‐stages, precipitation, atmospheric temperature, and soil moisture were critical factors, while the UV index and initial nitrogen content of litter played significant roles in the early and mid‐phases, respectively. In the late phase, soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and the initial C/N ratio of litter were the primary factors. Our findings reveal consistent temporal patterns in decomposition rates and the mechanisms underlying them in global dryland ecosystems. These insights can enhance the accuracy of biogeochemical models in drylands and improve predictions of their feedback to the climate system.
Groundwater Ages in Intertill and Buried Valley Aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Noyes Chandler , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Dutka Nicholas , Tyne Rebecca , Lindsay Matthew B.J. , Ferguson Grant 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContinental glaciations during the Pleistocene Epoch created complex systems of aquifers and aquitards across many northern regions of the Earth. The low hydraulic conductivities of glacial till aquitards suggest that limited recharge will reach the underlying aquifers, potentially preserving old groundwaters. Here, we characterize the recharge history in intertill and buried valley aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada using 14C, 3H, 4He δ2H, δ18O, and major ions. Intertill aquifers with depths of <30 m had corrected 14C ages ranging from 0 to 15.5 ka. These aquifers also contained 3H and/or elevated NO3 in some locations, indicating that a component of modern recharge had mixed with older water. A single sample from the Judith River bedrock aquifer in the region had a corrected 14C age of 10.2 ka and elevated NO3. Samples from buried valley aquifers with depths of 89 to 123 m contained older waters with ages >38 ka in some locations, indicating that recharge occurred before the last glacial advance over the region. While measuring tracers that cover a wide range of ages is necessary to understand these flow systems, δ2H and δ18O were less diagnostic because values of modern winter precipitation overlapped with groundwaters with a wide range of ages. The range of ages present in the intertill aquifers of the region indicates that these systems are currently being recharged, which indicates some development of groundwater resources is possible but also points to a need for groundwater protection measures.
First Constraints on the Pressure–Temperature–Time Evolution of the Vijayan Complex, Sri Lanka: Implications for Its Position in Gondwana
Authors: Kumari Ruwanthika , Dharmapriya P. L. , He Xiaofang , Malaviarachchi S. P. K. , Abewardana Pahan , Zhao Lei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSri Lanka occupies a pivotal geological position within East Gondwana, featuring four prominent high‐grade Precambrian lithotectonic units: the Highland Complex (HC), the Wanni Complex, the Vijayan Complex (VC) and the Kadugannawa Complex. Despite reasonable geochemical and geochronological investigations into rocks in the VC, a comprehensive understanding of their petrological characteristics, particularly their pressure–temperature–time evolution, remains limited, impeding accurate terrane correlations. In this study, a detailed analysis of mineral assemblages, reaction textures, and U–Pb zircon ages in samples collected from the eastern margin of the HC to the eastern coast, in the VC were conducted. Results indicate that the VC preserved textural evidence for prograde dehydration reactions indicating upper amphibolite to granulite facies transition. The peak metamorphism is followed by a stage of near isobaric cooling stage. Conventional geothermobarometric analysis coupled with phase equilibria modeling of VC gneisses reveal peak metamorphic P–T conditions of 790°C–830°C and 7–8 kbar. Retrograde metamorphism has occurred until the temperature decreased to 740°C. The U–Pb zircon dates at ca. 1010–960 Ma suggest protolith ages of the VC coinciding with Rodinia amalgamation and dispersal, aligning metamorphic thermal peaks at ca. 575–545 Ma with the Kuunga orogeny during Gondwana amalgamation. Our data signifies connections between the VC and both the Lurio foreland in Mozambique and the Innhovde Suite and Yamato‐Belgica Complex in East Antarctica, however, the differences in metamorphic conditions and geochronological signatures necessitate further investigation into its tectonic history and paleogeographic evolution.
Sedimentary Records of the Upper Cretaceous Yetang Formation: Compression Tectonic Setting in the Xingning Basin, Southeastern Edge of the South China Block
Authors: Xu Dazhi , Xu Zhongjie , Cui Kunning , Sun Ningchen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe southeastern edge of the South China Block (SCB) experienced the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Block, resulting in varying tectonic settings across different regions of the SCB during the subduction. To explore the tectonic settings during sediment deposition in the southeastern edge of the SCB in the early Late Cretaceous, we analyzed the Jiao Yangjing‐Yetang section of the Xingning Basin, Guangdong province. This section contains a sedimentary sequence of the Upper Cretaceous Yetang Formation, facilitating lithofacies analysis, U–Pb zircon chronology, trace elements analysis, crustal thickness estimation, Hf isotopes analysis, and age distribution comparison of detrital zircons. Our findings indicate that the Late Cretaceous Yetang Formation was deposited during the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian stage (99.6 ± 1.9 Ma), and identifies five groups of detrital zircon U–Pb ages: 2320–1810, 1100–670, 500–400, 230–160, and 130–96 Ma. The early Late Cretaceous ℇHf (t) values ranged from −7.4 to 0.6, suggesting that the debris originated from the southwestern Fujian and northern Guangdong regions. Trace elements analysis of detrital zircons indicates increasing crustal thickness during the early Late Cretaceous. The Xingning Basin was in a compressive environment during the late Early Cretaceous, and the compressive condition continued until the early Late Cretaceous period (99.6 ± 1.9 Ma).
Evaluating the Impact of Faking on the Criterion‐Related Validity of Personality Assessments
Authors: Speer Andrew B. , Delacruz Angie Y. , Chawota Takudzwa , Wegmeyer Lauren J. , Tenbrink Andrew P. , Gibson Carter , Frost Chris 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPersonality assessments are commonly used in hiring, but concerns about faking have raised doubts about their effectiveness. Qualitative reviews show mixed and inconsistent impacts of faking on criterion‐related validity. To address this, a series of meta‐analyses were conducted using matched samples of honest and motivated respondents (i.e., instructed to fake, applicants). In 80 paired samples, the average difference in validity coefficients between honest and motivated samples across five‐factor model traits ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 (largest for conscientiousness and emotional stability), with the validity ratio ranging from 64% to 72%. Validity was attenuated when candidates faked regardless of sample type, trait relevance, or the importance of impression management, though variation existed across criterion types. Both real applicant samples (k = 25) and instructed response conditions (k = 55) showed a reduction in validity across honest and motivated conditions, including when managerial ratings of job performance were the criterion. Thus, faking impacted the validity in operational samples. This suggests that practitioners should be cautious relying upon concurrent validation evidence (for personality inventories) and expect attenuated validity in operational applicant settings, particularly for conscientiousness and emotional stability scales. That said, it is important to highlight that personality assessments generally maintained useful validity even under‐motivated conditions.
Clinical practice in an age of medical misinformation and conspiracy theories
Authors: Choo Li Xuan , Ng Isaac K. S. , Tan Li Feng , Teo Desmond B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMedical misinformation (false health or medical‐related information) has seen a rapid increase in volume recently, with the global surge in social media usage and further exacerbation by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This may put more lives at stake, as misinformation is an often‐cited reason that people make dangerous health choices, engage in harmful practices and reject beneficial health treatments. In this article, we explore the drivers and consequences, as well as suggest several strategies at the personal, educational and systemic level, for physicians to guide and communicate with patients who subscribe to medical misinformation.
Integrating Ultrabright Polymer Dots and Stereo NIR‐II Imager for Assessing Anti‐Angiogenic Drugs in Oral Cancer Model
Authors: Huang Bo‐Han , Li Fang‐Yu , Su Shih‐Po , Chen Chiung‐Tong , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Chen Min‐Chieh , Chiang Huihua Kenny , Chan Yang‐Hsiang , Lee Yi‐Jang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of efficient platforms for the evaluation of anti‐angiogenic agents is critical in advancing cancer therapeutics. In this study, we exploited an ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) integrating with a three‐dimensional (3D) near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging system designed to assess the efficacy of potent anti‐angiogenic agents PX‐478 and BPR0C261 in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumour model, which depends on angiogenesis for dissemination. PX‐478, a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) inhibitor, and BPR0C261, a microtubule‐disrupting agent, were administrated into tumour‐bearing mice established using murine MTCQ1 tongue cancer cells through intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage, respectively. Our findings showed that PX‐478 and BPR0C261 significantly inhibited tumour growth and extended the life span of tumour‐bearing mice without decreasing the body weights. The Pdots‐based NIR‐II vascular imaging demonstrated that the tumour vascularity was suppressed by PX‐478 and BPRC0261. Accordingly, the excised tumours treated with anti‐angiogenic agents showed less blood vessels than that treated with vehicles. The expression of endothelial markers CD31 was also found to be reduced in tumours treated with PX‐478 and BPRC0261 using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, PX‐478 could suppress the expression of HIF‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), but BPRC0261 only suppressed VEGF‐A. Taken together, this innovative 3D NIR‐II imaging system combining the biocompatible Pdots with unique optical specificity enables non‐invasive, real‐time monitoring the efficacy of anti‐angiogenic compounds.
The trajectory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and its dynamic relationship with inhibitory control
Authors: Pang Tao , Yang Li , Liu Yuxin , Chang Suhua 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.MethodsWe utilized Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) to map the developmental course of ADHD symptoms using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Concurrently, we examined the longitudinal correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms at corresponding time points. Additionally, a Bivariate Latent Change Score Model (BLCSM) was employed to investigate the relationship between changes in inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms. We also integrated Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) into the LGCM as predictors to explore the impact of genetic factors associated with inhibitory control and ADHD on the trajectory of ADHD symptoms.ResultsThe LGCM analysis demonstrated that baseline inhibitory control influenced both the initial state and the rate of change of ADHD symptoms. Inhibitory control exhibited both concurrent and prospective associations with ADHD symptoms. Notably, the BLCSM revealed that changes in inhibitory control could predict future changes in ADHD symptoms, and vice versa. Dynamic changes in inhibitory control were found to affect future changes in ADHD symptoms. Additionally, the PRS for inhibitory control and ADHD were significantly linked to the initial state and rate of change of ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings underscore a sustained correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms, highlighting the critical association between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD in children. Furthermore, the predictive value of inhibitory control for ADHD suggests a new avenue for early intervention, potentially improving the prognosis for ADHD patients.
Immediate Pre‐Endodontic Dentin Sealing (IPDS) Improves Resin‐Dentin Bond Strength
Authors: Carvalho Marco A. , Lazari‐Carvalho Priscilla C. , Maffra Paulo E. T. , Izelli Thábata F. , Gresnigt Marco , Estrela Carlos , Magne Pascal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveChemicals used during canal disinfection and endodontic sealers have a deleterious effect on dentin bond strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel clinical sequence to improve the resin–dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to endodontically treated teeth.Materials and MethodsTwenty human molars were distributed in four experimental groups (n = 5, N = 20): C—control group without exposure to any endodontic chemical substances (2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA and endodontic cement); LDh—late dentin hybridization (Dh) with Dh at the time of final restoration, after exposure to chemical substances; IPDS—immediate pre‐endodontic dentin sealing, with Dh before exposure to chemical substances; and PLDh—late Dh after exposure to chemical substances and after dentin repreparation with ultrasonic diamond tip. Teeth were restored with resin composite and the microtensile test was performed after 24 h.ResultsThe highest bond strength values were found in the PLDh, IPDS, and C groups, without statistically significant differences among them. The lowest value was found in the LDh group. The LDh group presented a decrease of 70% when compared with the control group.ConclusionThe resin–dentin microtensile bond strength was significantly improved by dentin hybridization before exposure to chemicals used during endodontics. Otherwise, substantial dentin repreparation is necessary to restore the bond strength after this exposure.Clinical SignificanceEarly dentin hybridization (IPDS) before endodontic treatment not only improves the microtensile bond strength to dentin but also omitting this procedure would require significant repreparation of the exposed dentin after endodontic treatment to restore the bond strength. Hence, it allows the preservation of healthy tooth structure (no need for repreparation), as well as the reinforcement of weakened cusps and improvement of isolation (if combined with deep margin elevation, when necessary).
A Novel Integrated Geriatric Services Hub for Frailty Identification and Comprehensive Management of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: Impact on Health Service Utilization
Authors: Sum Grace , Choo Robin Wai Munn , Nai Ze Ling , Goh Siew Fong , Lim Wee Shiong , Ding Yew Yoong , Tan Woan Shin ,   Geriatric Services Hub Program Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealthcare systems need to address the high healthcare use of frail older adults. The Geriatric Services Hub (GSH) is a novel program in Singapore that delivers frailty screening, comprehensive geriatric assessment and coordinated care for community‐dwelling older persons with bio‐psycho‐social needs. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the GSH on healthcare use.MethodsWe compared healthcare utilization of 634 GSH participants with 634 unique propensity score‐matched non‐GSH community‐dwelling older adults at 12 months before and after GSH enrolment. Baseline matching covariates included demographics, socioeconomic status, disease burden, calendar quarter of enrolment, and past healthcare utilization. We did exact matching on frailty categories (Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) score 4, 5, and 6–7). Difference‐in‐differences technique was used to derive effect estimates.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, baseline covariates were adequately balanced. Healthcare utilization declined in both groups after GSH enrolment. Relative to the comparators and after accounting for pre‐enrolment differences, participation in the GSH was associated with greater primary care (mean difference: 0.06, 95% CI−0.64 to 0.77) and specialist outpatient clinic visits (mean difference: 0.42, 95% CI −0.29 to 1.13), and fewer emergency department visits (mean difference: −0.18, 95% CI −0.69 to 0.34). However, these effects did not reach statistical significance. While number of hospitalizations did not differ between the groups, cumulative length of stay differed by 1.15 bed‐days and was not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed within CFS groups.ConclusionGSH was not associated with significant reductions in healthcare use in the first year of enrolment. Higher utilization of primary care and specialist outpatient clinic services could reflect the increased identification of care needs with the potential to reduce unnecessary healthcare use such as emergency department visits. Prospective studies with a longer follow‐up would ascertain if the GSH translates to reduced healthcare utilization as hypothesized.
Facial Thread Lifting Complications
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Park Soo Yeon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThread lifting is a minimally invasive technique for addressing facial aging and skin laxity. Despite its popularity, it carries risks of complications ranging from minor bruising to severe structural injuries. Comprehensive understanding of these complications is vital for optimizing outcomes.AimsTo analyze the complications associated with facial thread lifting, provide insights into their underlying mechanisms, and propose effective management strategies to minimize risks.Patients/MethodsA comprehensive review of complications from thread lifting was conducted, focusing on patient outcomes and procedural challenges. Data from clinical studies, case reports, and expert recommendations were analyzed to identify common and severe complications. Advanced techniques, such as ultrasound‐guided procedures, were evaluated for their efficacy in preventing complications.ResultsCommon complications included bruising, pain, swelling, bleeding, and dimpling, often arising from improper technique or anatomical factors. Severe issues such as infection, granuloma, thread migration, nerve damage, and parotid gland injuries were less frequent but posed significant challenges. Management strategies included massage, saline or filler injections, botulinum toxin, and surgical interventions for persistent or severe cases. Ultrasound‐guided techniques demonstrated efficacy in reducing risks, particularly for glandular and vascular injuries.ConclusionsWhile thread lifting offers a promising alternative to surgical facelifts, its success depends on precise technique, anatomical knowledge, and effective complication management. Preventive measures, including preoperative planning, proper thread placement, and patient‐specific customization, are crucial. Future advancements in imaging technologies and thread materials will likely enhance safety and efficacy, ensuring better patient satisfaction and outcomes.