bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Embodied Intelligence for Dexterous Robotic Manipulators Through Iterative Co-design
Authors: Junge Kai , Hughes Josie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The role of embodied intelligence (EI) has the potential to overcome current limitations in the fabrication, control, and resulting behavior to create robust and effective dexterous robotic manipulators. To develop hands that truly exploit EI, we must design hands by considering the entire system: the physical body, sensory systems, and the brain (the controller). However, we lack clear approaches and methods that enable this system level design for hands. We introduce an iterative approach for co-design which seeks to utilize simulation and real world evaluation to maximize the performance by distributing EI across the different elements of the system. To achieve this vision we require hands that can be rapidly fabricated with variability in the design space. Thus, to further the development of robotic hands that utilize EI we need streamlined fabrication pipelines which incorporate spatially distributed sensors, complex geometries and materials, and control distributed at the sensory-motor and high task planning domains.
Physical Intelligence in Biomechanics
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Shi Yongqi , Wen Li 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The intelligence of the biological agents is enabled by their neural intelligence in their brains, in the meantime, their physical intelligence encoded in the bodies plays a nonnegligible role. The development of intelligent bio-inspired robots depends on an in-depth understanding of physical intelligence, particularly in biomechanics. Here, we briefly review the physical intelligence of biological organisms from three aspects: material, structure, and morphology. We envision that bio-inspired physical intelligence would boost the development of future intelligent lifelike machines.
Coevolution of internal representations in physical human-robot orchestration – models of the surgeon and the robot in robotic surgery
Authors: Nisky Ilana , Costi Leone , Iida Fumiya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn teleoperated Robot-Assisted Minimally-Invasive Surgery (RAMIS), a surgeon controls the movements of instruments inside the patient’s body via a pair of robotic joysticks. RAMIS has transformed many surgical disciplines, but its full potential is still to be realized. In this chapter we propose a pathway towards overcoming several bottlenecks that are related to transparency and stability of the teleoperation channels that mediate RAMIS. We describe the traditional system centered and the more recent human-centred approaches to teleoperation, and the special considerations for RAMIS as an application of teleoperation. However, the human-centered approach is still one sided view focusing on the surgeon but neglecting the learning capabilities of robotic systems. Hence, we consider a more general idea of physical human-robot orchestration with coevolution of mutual internal representations – of the human and the robot, and discuss it in comparison to human-human collaboration over teleoperated channels.
Robot swarms as embodied extensions of humans
Authors: Rockbach Jonas D , Bennewitz Maren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to harness the potential of robot swarms, humans must be able to control decentralized and self-organizing multi-agent systems. The field of human-swarm interaction investigates how humans with their centralized information and control demands can be paired with the decentralized architectures of robot swarms. Recently, we have proposed an architecture which aims at balancing the trade-offs between centralized and decentralized control and communication in human-swarm interaction while joining the relative capabilities of human cognition and swarm intelligence. In this article, we expand on this architecture by discussing a list of design requirements that must be met in order to make robot swarms embodied extensions of humans that act and feel like natural body parts. We also conceptually show how some of the design requirements could be implemented by simple rules when we take the world’s structure into account.
Embodiment in Dialogue: Daily Dialogue Android Based on Multimodal Information
Authors: Uchida Takahisa , Minato Takashi , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The research and development of robots that can have daily dialogues autonomously with humans have become increasingly important. Most of them, however, have been limited to studies on speech recognition and interfaces. As the result, they still cannot build relationships with humans through long-term daily dialogue. In this background, we have developed a robot that can understand human relationships with their intentions and desires, and can interact with them in human-like ways through various modalities. In this chapter, we first describe an android platform for multimodal interaction based on intentions and desires. Here, both the user’s and the robot’s subjective preferences and opinions are essential. Then, we introduce a function to model the user’s preference, which is necessary for building human relationships. We also discuss the relationship between dialogue and the opinions that can be attributed to the android considering its embodiment. Finally, based on the above studies, we discuss the embodiment in dialogue and future work.
Atmospheric plasma jet for surface treatment of biomaterials
Authors: Nasser Mahmood , AlMandalawi Ban , Nasser Layla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A direct current (DC) powered low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (LTAPP) jet device was built and used to sterilize Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The plasma jet’s general properties, such as length and temperature, were first tested and found to be strongly related to the plasma jet’s operational flow mode (laminar or turbulent flow). The optical emission spectra of various gas mixtures were measured to confirm the presence of active radicals, which is critical for sterilization success. Pure helium gas or a combination of helium with a small percentage of oxygen (6.25%) was found to have the highest intensities of bactericidal species such as atomic oxygen (O) and hydroxide (OH). These mixtures were then used to treat E. coli bacteria previously grown in a Petri dish. Sterilization was accomplished by repeatedly treating the bacteria for 10 s for 5–10 rounds for short periods. The best results were obtained when the bacteria had enough time to rest between rounds.
DIGS: deep inference of galaxy spectra with neural posterior estimation
Authors: Khullar Gourav , Nord Brian , Ćiprijanović Aleksandra , Poh Jason , Xu Fei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the advent of billion-galaxy surveys with complex data, the need of the hour is to efficiently model galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with robust uncertainty quantification. The combination of simulation-based inference (SBI) and amortized neural posterior estimation (NPE) has been successfully used to analyse simulated and real galaxy photometry both precisely and efficiently. In this work, we utilise this combination and build on existing literature to analyse simulated noisy galaxy spectra. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study of spectra that is (a) an efficient analysis of galaxy SEDs and inference of galaxy parameters with physically interpretable uncertainties; and (b) amortized calculations of posterior distributions of said galaxy parameters at the modest cost of a few galaxy fits with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We utilise the SED generator and inference framework Prospector to generate simulated spectra, and train a dataset of 2 × 106 spectra (corresponding to a five-parameter SED model) with NPE. We show that SBI—with its combination of fast and amortized posterior estimations—is capable of inferring accurate galaxy stellar masses and metallicities. Our uncertainty constraints are comparable to or moderately weaker than traditional inverse-modelling with Bayesian MCMC methods (e.g. 0.17 and 0.26 dex in stellar mass and metallicity for a given galaxy, respectively). We also find that our inference framework conducts rapid SED inference (0.9–1.2 × 105 galaxy spectra via SBI/NPE at the cost of 1 MCMC-based fit). With this work, we set the stage for further work that focuses of SED fitting of galaxy spectra with SBI, in the era of JWST galaxy survey programs and the wide-field Roman Space Telescope spectroscopic surveys.
Missing Outcome Data in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Cole Stephen R , Zivich Paul N , Edwards Jessie K , Ross Rachael K , Shook-Sa Bonnie E , Price Joan T. , Stringer Jeffrey S A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Missing data are pandemic and a central problem for epidemiology. Missing data reduce precision and can cause notable bias. There remain too few simple published examples detailing types of missing data and illustrating their possible impact on results. Here we take an example randomized trial that was not subject to missing data and induce missing data to illustrate 4 scenarios in which outcomes are 1) missing completely at random, 2) missing at random with positivity, 3) missing at random without positivity, and 4) missing not at random. We demonstrate that accounting for missing data is generally a better strategy than ignoring missing data, which unfortunately remains a standard approach in epidemiology.
Evidente—a visual analytics tool for data enrichment in SNP-based phylogenetic trees
Authors: Witte Paz Mathias , Harbig Theresa A , Nieselt Kay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivationA common practice in the analysis of pathogens and their strains is using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reconstruct their evolutionary history. However, genome-wide SNP-based phylogenetic trees are rarely analyzed without any further information. Including the underlying SNP data together with further metadata on the respective samples in the exploration process can facilitate linking the genomic and phenotypic properties of the samples.ResultsWe introduce Efficient VIsual analytics tool for Data ENrichment in phylogenetic TreEs (Evidente), a web-application that provides an interactive visual analysis interface for the simultaneous interrogation of phylogenetic relationships, genome-wide SNP data and metadata for samples of an organism. Besides visualizing the phylogenetic tree, Evidente classifies SNPs as supporting or non-supporting of the tree structures and shows the distribution of both types of SNPs among samples and clades of interest. Furthermore, additional metadata can be included in the visualization. Lastly, Evidente includes an enrichment analysis to identify over-represented genomic features encoded by GO-terms within the clades of the tree. We demonstrate the usability of Evidente with the data of the pathogens Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium leprae.Availability and implementationEvidente is available at the TueVis visualization web server at https://evidente-tuevis.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/, it can also be run locally.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Temporal trends in prevalence and mortality for chronic kidney disease in China from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Yang , Ning Yichun , Shen Bo , Shi Yiqin , Song Nana , Fang Yi , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
This study aimed to characterize the temporal trends of chronic kidney disease (CKD) burden in China during 1990–2019, evaluate their age, period and cohort effects, and predict the disease burden for the next 10 years.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Join-point regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of CKD prevalence and mortality, and the age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the age, period and cohort effects. We extended the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the disease burden of CKD in 2020–2029.

Results
In 2019, there were 150.5 million cases of (10.6%) and 196 726 deaths from (13.8 per 100 000 general population) CKD in China. Between 1990 and 2019, the prevalence and mortality rate of CKD increased significantly from 6.7% to 10.6%, and from 8.3/100 000 to 13.8/100 000. The AAPC was estimated as 1.6% and 1.8%, respectively. Females had a higher CKD prevalence of CKD but a lower mortality rate. Setting the mean level of age, period and cohort as reference groups, the risk of developing CKD increased with age [RRage(15–19) = 0.18 to RRage(85–89) = 2.45]. The cohort risk was significantly higher in the early birth cohort [RRcohort(1905–1909) = 1.56]. In contrast, the increase in age-specific CKD mortality rate after 60–64 years was exponential [RRage(60–64) = 1.24]. The cohort-based mortality risk remained high prior to the 1945–1949 birth cohorts (RRcohort ranging from 1.69 to 1.89) and then declined in the 2000–2004 birth cohort [RRcohort(2000–2004) = 0.22]. The CKD prevalence and mortality are projected to rise to 11.7% and 17.1 per 100 000, respectively, by 2029.

Conclusions
To reduce the disease burden of CKD, a comprehensive strategy that includes risk factors prevention at the primary care level, CKD screening among the elderly and high-risk population, and access to high-quality medical services is required.
National work–family policies and the occupational segregation of women and mothers in European countries, 1999–2016
Authors: Hook Jennifer L , Li Meiying , Paek Eunjeong , Cotter Brigid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome scholars hypothesize that although work–family policies help incorporate women into the labour market, they do so by integrating women, and mothers specifically, into female-dominated occupations. Some suggest that although these policies are ‘good’ for lower educated women, they harm higher educated women by concentrating them in female-dominated professions. We revisit this debate using the highest quality data brought to bear on this question to date. We use the EU Labour Force Survey 1999–2016 (n = 21 countries, 235 country-years, 2.5 million men and women aged 20–44), combined with an original collection of country-year indicators. Specifically, we examine how the two most widely studied work–family policies—paid parental leave and early childhood education and care (ECEC)—and public sector size affect occupational segregation for men and women by educational attainment and parental status. We find no evidence that ‘generous’ welfare states promote segregation. Rather, a specific policy—parental leave in excess of 9 months—promotes segregation between men and women broadly, but most acutely for non-tertiary-educated mothers. Findings are generally null for paid leave of up to 9 months. ECEC is associated with greater integration, particularly for tertiary-educated women. Large public sectors are associated with segregation, with both tertiary-educated men and women more likely to work in feminized occupations. Public sector size, however, is not as tightly bundled with work–family policies as previous work suggests.
Agent-based modeling of urban exposome interventions: prospects, model architectures, and methodological challenges
Authors: Sonnenschein Tabea , Scheider Simon , de Wit G Ardine , Tonne Cathryn C , Vermeulen Roel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With ever more people living in cities worldwide, it becomes increasingly important to understand and improve the impact of the urban habitat on livability, health behaviors, and health outcomes. However, implementing interventions that tackle the exposome in complex urban systems can be costly and have long-term, sometimes unforeseen, impacts. Hence, it is crucial to assess the health impact, cost-effectiveness, and social distributional impacts of possible urban exposome interventions (UEIs) before implementing them. Spatial agent-based modeling (ABM) can capture complex behavior–environment interactions, exposure dynamics, and social outcomes in a spatial context. This article discusses model architectures and methodological challenges for successfully modeling UEIs using spatial ABM. We review the potential and limitations of the method; model components required to capture active and passive exposure and intervention effects; human–environment interactions and their integration into the macro-level health impact assessment and social costs benefit analysis; and strategies for model calibration. Major challenges for a successful application of ABM to UEI assessment are (1) the design of realistic behavioral models that can capture different types of exposure and that respond to urban interventions, (2) the mismatch between the possible granularity of exposure estimates and the evidence for corresponding exposure–response functions, (3) the scalability issues that emerge when aiming to estimate long-term effects such as health and social impacts based on high-resolution models of human–environment interactions, (4) as well as the data- and computational complexity of calibrating the resulting agent-based model. Although challenges exist, strategies are proposed to improve the implementation of ABM in exposome research.
Evaluating the long-term impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in a Central London mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Singh Shivani , Ark Rajiv , Tatlock Jason , Mandalia Sundhiya , Chung Christine , Azadian Berge , Hughes Stephen , Mughal Nabeela , Moore Luke S P , Singh Suveer 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial overuse causes increased antimicrobial resistance in ICUs; antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) aim to optimize usage. Following an MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAb) outbreak in 2008, an ASP was implemented at a London ICU, and then continued as a long-term programme. This study aimed to determine long-term changes in antimicrobial prescribing 9 years on.

Methods
Data were collected from ICU patients in 2008 immediately before ASP implementation, and thereafter for 6 month cohort periods in 2010–2011, 2012 and 2017. Antimicrobial usage in DDD per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) were compared. Multivariate linear regression models for antimicrobial days were fitted, adjusting for APACHE II score and patient days. Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (as an indicator organism) was compared across cohort periods.

Findings
Across 400 patients over 9 years, antimicrobial use changed significantly (P &lt; 0.011) and remained lower in all post-ASP cohorts compared with pre-ASP [(2008; 1827 DDD/1000 OBD), (2010; 1264 DDD/1000 OBD), (2012; 1270 DDD/1000 OBD) and (2017; 1566 DDD/1000 OBD)]. There was reduction in usage of all antimicrobial classes except β-lactams (where there was no significant increase nor decrease, P = 0.178) and aminoglycosides (where there was a significant increase in usage, P &lt; 0.0001). The latter was temporally associated with restrictions on specific carbapenems. There was an increase in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in 2012 only (P = 0.028) but not subsequently.

Conclusions
Following ASP implementation after an outbreak of MRAb, reduced antimicrobial prescribing was maintained 9 years on. We identify several factors influencing successful long-term maintenance of ASPs in ICUs.
Validation of the AquaCHROM™ ECC for the Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Water Samples: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 072202
Authors: Blackburn Jonathan , Deterding Andrew , Thompson Wesley , Benzinger, Jr M Joseph , Bastin Benjamin , Evrard Julie , Wentrup Cecilia , Michon Christophe , Cruz Ramos Hugo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The AquaCHROM™ ECC method from CHROMagar is intended for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in 100 mL water samples after 18–24 h of incubation at 35–37°C.

Objective
To validate the AquaCHROM ECC method for qualitative and quantitative detection of E. coli and coliforms with different water matrixes.

Methods
Inclusivity/exclusivity studies were conducted. AquaCHROM ECC was compared to U.S. cultural reference methods in unpaired matrix studies for detection of E. coli and coliforms in tap water, well water, lake water, and bottled water, and for enumeration in tap water, well water, and lake water. Three production lots of AquaCHROM ECC were tested for product consistency and stability. Variations in incubation time and temperature were evaluated in robustness testing.

Results
Inclusivity/exclusivity results demonstrated expected performance with the exception of three strains of Salmonella enterica, two species of Shigella, and one strain of Aeromonas, which turned the media blue or yellow. Results from the matrix studies demonstrated that AquaCHROM ECC and the reference methods are not statistically different for detection of E. coli and coliforms and statistically equivalent for enumeration of E. coli and coliforms. The AquaCHROM ECC powder production was proven to be consistent with a 24-month shelf life. Variation in temperature did not affect the method performance. Shortening the incubation time is not recommended.

Conclusion
AquaCHROM ECC is an effective method for the detection and enumeration of E. coli and coliforms for the water matrixes evaluated.

Highlights
The AquaCHROM ECC method is a quick, one-step method for the recovery and enumeration of E. coli and coliforms in 100 mL water samples. It is a non-agar-based chromogenic medium which provides a clear result without the use of a UV lamp.
A chromosome-level reference genome for the Versatile Fairy Shrimp,Branchinecta lindahli
Authors: Kieran Blair Shannon Rose , Schreier Andrea , Escalona Merly , Finger Amanda J , Joslin Shannon E K , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh , Chumchim Noravit , Morris Emily Reister , Mangelson Hayley , Hull Joshua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the novel reference genome of the Versatile Fairy Shrimp, Branchinecta lindahli. The Versatile Fairy Shrimp is a freshwater anostracan crustacean found across the western United States from Iowa to Oregon and from Alberta to Baja California. It is an ephemeral pool specialist, living in prairie potholes, irrigation ditches, tire treads, vernal pools, and other temporary freshwater wetlands. Anostracan fairy shrimp are facing global declines with 3 species in California on the Endangered Species list. This species was included in the California Conservation Genomics Project to provide an easily accessible reference genome, and to provide whole-genome resources for a generalist species, which may lead to new insights into Anostracan resiliency in the face of climate change. The final gapped genome comprises 15 chromosome-length scaffolds covering 98.63% of the 384.8 Mb sequence length, and an additional 55 unscaffolded contigs.