bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bombax ceiba calyx displays antihyperglycemic activity via improving insulin secretion and sensitivity: Identification of bioactive phytometabolomes by UPLC‐QTof‐MS/MS
Authors: Komati Anusha , Anand Ajay , Nagendla Narendra Kumar , Madhusudana Kuncha , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy , Babu Katragadda Suresh , Tiwari Ashok Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVegetables are considered good food for the management of hyperglycemia. Bombax ceiba L. (family: Bombacaceae) calyces are part of traditional vegetables. This study evaluated its usefulness on various parameters responsible for the development of hyperglycemia and conducted phytometabolomic analysis to identify phytochemicals responsible for the observed activities. It was found that the aqueous methanol extract of its calyces (B. ceiba calyx extract, BCE) reduced (12.4%) significantly (p < 0.05) the development of sucrose‐induced postprandial hyperglycemic load in rats. In‐vitro studies revealed that BCE improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretory activity in MIN6 cells plausibly by decreasing ADP/ATP ratio. BCE also augmented concentration‐dependent (5 µg, 10 µg, and 20 µg) increase in glucose uptake in hyperglycemic L6 myotubes both by non‐insulin‐dependent manner (35%, 68%, and 132%, respectively) and insulin‐dependent manner (42%, 59%, and 172%, respectively). The insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation was compromised (34%) significantly (p < 0.05) under hyperglycemic condition; however, it was improved by 23% and 72% (p < 0.001) when L6 myotubes were primed with 10 and 20 µg of BCE, respectively. Hyperglycemia aggravated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in L6 myotubes. The ROS generation was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by priming myotubes with BCE before challenging myotubes to hyperglycemic environment, possibly by preserving cellular antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione levels. Phytometabolomic analysis disclosed a number of phytochemicals present in B. ceiba calyces known to display these activities. This is the first study reporting antihyperglycemic activity in B. ceiba calyces, its mechanisms of action, and phytometabolomic profile applying UPLC‐QTof‐MS/MS technique.Practical ApplicationB. ceiba calyces are part of traditional vegetables. Our study finds that B. ceiba calyces contain phytochemicals possessing antihyperglycemic, insulin secretory, insulin sensitization properties, and potentials for preserving hyperglycemia‐induced vitiations in cellular antioxidant defense. These observations provide foundation for exploring further possibilities of B. ceiba calyces to become valuable dietary inclusion in the diet of people suffering from metabolic disorders.
Changes in antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and mineral contents of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds
Authors: Alkaltham Mohammed Saeed , Musa Özcan Mehmet , Uslu Nurhan , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Hayat Khizar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLipid contents of lentil seeds were determined between 1.02% (germinated) and 1.23% (boiled). Total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of processed lentils were detected between 45.32 mgGAE/100 g (germinated) and 68.02 mgGAE/100 g (control) to 70.95 mgQE/100 g (germinated) and 199.52 mgQE/100 g (control), respectively. Also, antioxidant activity values of lentil seeds were detected between 0.70 mgTE/kg (germinated) and 3.35 mgTE/kg (boiled). The major phenolic compounds of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds were gallic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechin. While oleic acid amounts of lentil oils vary between 33.22% (control) and 47.72% (germinated), linoleic acid amounts of lentil oils were detected between 26.40% (germinated) and 40.91% (boiled). In addition, linolenic acid amounts of lentil oils were determined between 4.12% (germinated) and 6.97% (boiled).The key minerals of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds were P, K, Mg, and S. However, according to the results, it was determined that lentils are a good source of potassium.Practical ApplicationLentil is one of the oldest known food products used only in human food. Lentils are an excellent source of phytochemical nutrients. Lentils are widely used in salads, casseroles, and soups as well as in vegetarian cuisine. Lentil is considered a good source of energy along with high fiber content. Germination plays an important role in reducing nonnutritive compounds in legumes.
Encapsulation efficiency and oral delivery stability of chitosan–liposome‐encapsulated immunoglobulin Y
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Tang Chaoqing , Salama Mohamed , Xia Minquan , Huang Xi , Sheng Long , Cai Zhaoxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe degradation of acidic gastric juice on immunoglobulin Y (IgY) leads to destruction on the structural and loss of the bioactivity, limiting the bioavailability of oral IgY and its research or application in adjuvant treatment of diseases. In this work, it was surmounted with IgY‐loaded chitosan–liposomes prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted method. A range of chitosan concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.1%, and 1.4%) were selected to explore the influence of chitosan concentration on the encapsulation effectiveness, stability, and in vitro‐simulated digestive release properties of liposome‐encapsulated IgY. The results displayed that owing to the robust interaction between chitosan and liposomes, the particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and stability of liposomes reached the optimal state at a chitosan concentration of 0.8%, with the encapsulation efficiency reaching 77.51%. Moreover, the liposomes could be stored at 4°C for 9 days without obvious sedimentation. The zeta potential of liposomes containing 0.8% chitosan was higher than that of samples without chitosan at high salt concentration treatment. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that liposomes fitted well in the Peppas equation. Chitosan‐coated liposomes were capable of delaying the release of IgY in the stomach during simulated digestion, allowing more IgY to be released in the intestine. To sum up, Chitosan played a vital role in maintaining the stability and encapsulation of IgY, and the results of this work provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of chitosan and the protection of activity of IgY when administered orally.Practical ApplicationIgY serves as a bioactive substance with anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant functions. However, it is far from satisfactory for the oral delivery activity of IgY. Encapsulation of liposomes contributed to alleviate the release of IgY in the stomach. However, liposomes were less stable and not efficient enough to encapsulate IgY. This study demonstrated that the addition of 0.8% chitosan could effectively enhance the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes and improved the stability of liposomes. It might contribute to the solution of the oral delivery activity of IgY and provide a promising idea for the utilization of chitosan.
Here be dragons: important spatial uncertainty driven by climate data in forecasted distribution of an endangered insular reptile
Authors: Dubos N , Augros S , Deso G , Probst J‐M , Notter J‐C , Roesch M A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of future climate change is poorly studied in the tropics, especially in mountainous areas, yet species living in these environments are predicted to be strongly affected. Newly available high‐resolution environmental data and statistical methods enable the development of forecasting models, but the uncertainty related to climate models can be strong, which can lead to ineffective conservation actions. Predictive studies aimed at providing conservation guidelines often account for a range of future climate predictions (climate scenarios and global circulation models). However, very few studies consider potential differences related to the source of climate data and/or do not account for spatial information (overlap) in uncertainty assessments. We modelled the environmental suitability for Phelsuma borbonica, an endangered reptile native to Reunion Island. Using two metrics of species range change (difference in overall suitability and spatial overlap), we quantified the uncertainty related to the modelling technique (n = 10), sample bias correction, climate change scenario, global circulation models (GCM) and data source (CHELSA vs. Worldclim). Uncertainty was mainly driven by GCMs when considering overall suitability, while for spatial overlap, the uncertainty related to data source became more important than that of GCMs. The uncertainty driven by sample bias correction and variable selection was much higher when assessed based on the spatial overlap. The modelling technique was a strong driver of uncertainty in both cases. We provide a consensus ensemble prediction map of the environmental suitability of P. borbonica to identify the areas predicted to be the most suitable in the future with the highest certainty. Predictive studies aimed at identifying priority areas for conservation in the face of climate change need to account for a wide panel of modelling techniques, GCMs and data sources. We recommend the use of multiple approaches, including spatial overlap when assessing uncertainty in species distribution models.
School breakfast and student behavior
Authors: Cuadros‐Meñaca Andres , Thomsen Michael R. , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe School Breakfast Program (SBP) is one of the largest nutrition assistance programs serving school‐aged children in the US. It provides reimbursement to states for the operation of breakfast programs in schools. Student participation in the SBP is, however, much lower than the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Because missing breakfast could result in hunger that could then influence children's interpersonal relations and classroom behavior (i.e., disciplinary infractions), some schools have implemented breakfast after the bell (BAB), which encompasses alternative breakfast delivery methods that make breakfast available to children after the school day commences. We use a difference‐in‐differences design with variation in BAB exposure across grades to study the effect on children's behavior. We find that infractions drop after schools adopted BAB. Moreover, the impact of BAB on behavior is more pronounced among minority children and those eligible for free and reduced‐price meals.
Effectiveness of an aged simulation training suit to support development of compassion and person‐centred care in the aged‐care workforce
Authors: Bennett Paul , Burns Rebecca , Champion Stephanie , Gordon Susan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Australian aged‐care sector employees are diverse, with a wide range of training backgrounds and work experience. Compassion and person‐centred care (PCC) are essential for quality care. Effective training is required to facilitate compassion and PCC in the diverse workforce.MethodsEligible staff members (n = 732) participated in a 3‐hour training activity using an aged simulation training suit. Training sessions were offered at eight ACH Group residential care sites. During the training, staff were required to complete functional daily tasks while wearing the suit. Pre‐ and post‐training questionnaires were used to assess change in staff members’ self‐assessment of compassion and PCC. The Compassion Competence Scale and the Person‐centred Care Assessment Tool were used to assess compassion and PCC.ResultsIn total, 160 (22%) staff members participated in the evaluation of the training. Overall, participants reported significant improvements in self‐reported compassion (p < 0.01) and PCC after the training (p < 0.001), compassionate communication (p < 0.001) and insight (p < 0.001), and ability to personalise care (p < 0.001) and in recognising patients’ environmental accessibility (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe simulation activity improved aspects of compassion and person‐centred care for the aged‐care workforce. Further research is required to understand whether these changes are reflected in daily practice.
Accurate and time‐saving, two‐step intracavernosal injection procedure to diagnose psychological erectile dysfunction
Authors: Santi Daniele , Spaggiari Giorgia , Simoni Manuela , Granata Antonio R. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recognition of the erectile dysfunction pathogenesis is essential to identify the appropriate erectile dysfunction management. As vascular erectile dysfunction could be a manifestation of a systemic arterial damage, the watershed in the erectile dysfunction diagnostic framework is the discrimination between psychological erectile dysfunction and vascular erectile dysfunction. However, reliable tools to directly diagnose psychological erectile dysfunction are currently lacking.ObjectiveTo identify which parameters could predict psychological erectile dysfunction. Moreover, we suggest a new intracavernosal injection procedure to optimize the erectile dysfunction diagnostic workup.Materials and methodsA retrospective, real‐world analysis was carried out including all men who underwent intracavernosal injection procedure at the Modena Andrology Unit from 2018 to 2021. A first intracavernosal injection procedure with 5 µg of prostaglandin E‐1 (PGE‐1) was performed. In the absence of a full drug‐induced erection (immediate or delayed), an echo‐color Doppler penile evaluation after administration of PGE‐1 10 µg was conducted, measuring intracavernosal blood flows, to document a possible vascular etiology. Hormonal evaluations were performed.ResultsOut of 179 enrolled patients, 70.4% showed psychological erectile dysfunction, 21.7% vascular erectile dysfunction, and 7.8% hormonal genesis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified absence of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.017), presence of spontaneous morning erections (p = 0.018), and normal penile erections with masturbation (p = 0.035) as predictors of psychological erectile dysfunction. Clinically, normal intracavernosal injection test response was detected in 86 patients and abnormal response in 93 subjects. Among the latter, 54 patients experienced a delayed response. The combination of intracavernosal injection test with late penile erections evaluation was able to diagnose psychological erectile dysfunction (sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%), avoiding unnecessary retesting.DiscussionWe propose a two‐step intracavernosal injection procedure that allows to recognize psychological erectile dysfunction with a high sensitivity/specificity, saving costs and time, and limiting adverse events. Moreover, the presence of spontaneous morning erections and valid penile erections after masturbation could guide the diagnostic workup, indirectly identifying those patients deserving of a deeper evaluation of vascular health.
Children’s advocacy centre fails to respond to dental, mental and physical ill‐health in abused children
Authors: Göransson Linn , Ekermann Sofia , Dovik Christoffer , Klingberg Gunilla , Ridell Karin , Laurell Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimSweden´s first multidisciplinary children's advocacy centre (CAC) was founded in 2005 as a collaborative practice between child protection services, the legal system and health care in response to police‐reported child abuse. CACs were introduced in the county of Skåne in 2007. The aim of the study was to describe the health of children investigated at the CAC in Lund, and to examine whether the CAC model of collaboration responded to the healthcare needs of these children.MethodsAll children aged 0–17 years investigated at the CAC in 2015 were included in this retrospective study. We reviewed the CAC files and the children's medical and dental records from one year prior to, until one year after their assessment at the CAC.ResultsOur review of the medical and dental records (n = 298) showed a high prevalence of mental, dental and physical ill‐health. After the CAC joint meeting, only 1% of the children were referred for a medical examination and 4% for a focused forensic evaluation.ConclusionOur study demonstrates limitations in the CAC process in responding to extensive health issues of the young victims of crime. We suggest mental, dental and physical health assessments to be statutory in CACs.
Suprapubic catheterisation: a study of 1000 elective procedures
Authors: Hobbs Catherine , Howles Sarah , Derry Fadel , Reynard John 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the risks and long‐term outcomes of suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion in a population predominantly with spinal cord injury.Materials and MethodsWe used the theatre database at the National Spinal Injuries Centre in Stoke Mandeville Hospital to identify 1000 consecutive SPC insertions from 1998 to 2015. We retrospectively analysed all records for these patients.ResultsFollow‐up ranged from 4 weeks to 16.45 years (median 3.3 years). Either cystoscopy‐guided suprapubic puncture (Lawrence Add‐a‐Cath trochar) or a direct incision onto a urethral sound (Lowsley retractor) followed by cystoscopy was used for 98% of insertions. Complications graded as Clavien–Dindo IIIb or higher occurred in 0.6% of patients. Return to theatre was necessary in 0.4%, including three laparotomies due to bleeding or misplacement of the catheter, but no bowel injuries occurred. One death occurred within 30 days due to pulmonary embolism. There were no significant differences in outcomes between insertion methods. Tolerance of long‐term suprapubic catheterisation was high, despite 59% of cases experiencing mostly minor complications. Tract losses during routine community change and variability in antibiotic prescribing highlighted areas for educational development which could improve patient outcomes.ConclusionsThis study supports the view that the risk of major complications from SPC insertion is lower than previously reported. Minor complications related to the catheter are common in the long term but are generally well tolerated.
Feasibility study on collecting patient‐reported outcomes from breast cancer patients using the LINE‐ePRO system
Authors: Hayashida Tetsu , Nagayama Aiko , Seki Tomoko , Takahashi Maiko , Matsumoto Akiko , Kubota Anna , Jinno Hiromitsu , Miyata Hiroaki , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the increasing complexity of cancer treatment, ensuring safety and maintaining the quality of life during treatment are important issues. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in oncology are essential for assessing patient symptoms. A feasibility study was undertaken on breast cancer patients by building a PRO data collection system based on LINE, one of the most popular social network service applications in Japan. In this study, one or more predefined PRO questions for each breast cancer patient's clinical situation were sent to the patient’s LINE application daily. The patient selected a predefined answer by tapping the screen, but no free‐text answers were allowed. Seventy‐three patients were enrolled. The median observation period was 435 days (84‐656 days), and the total number of PROs collected was 16,417, with a mean of 224.9 reports per patient. Patients on adjuvant endocrine therapy were notified of 2.5 questions per week, and the median number of responses per week and response rate were 2.387 (1.687‐11.627) and 95.5%, respectively. Analyzing the results by age group, the number of responses from those aged 60 and above was equal to or higher than that of the younger age group. It was also possible to track each patient’s PROs accurately. These results suggested that the design of the system, based on an application used daily, instead of using specifically prepared applications for collecting electronic PROs, was the reason for the favorable acceptance from patients and the satisfactory response rate from all age groups, including the elderly.
Psoriasis and osteoporosis: a literature review
Authors: Wi Dohyen , Wilson Anna , Satgé Fanny , Murrell Dédée F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with complex comorbidities. Recent evidence has revealed how the inflammatory nature of psoriasis affects bone mineral density and may lead to osteoporosis. This review outlines the current understanding and advances on the association between psoriasis and osteoporosis. The current literature suggests an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with extensive and chronic psoriasis, compounded by other lifestyle and genetic factors. It suggests that prophylactic measures such as vitamin D supplementation and increasing weight-bearing exercises can help, but in patients with extensive psoriasis, prolonged systemic inflammation may require long-term management. Although there have been many short-term RCTs on the efficacy and safety of biologics in psoriasis, clinical studies looking at the long-term effects of biologics, such as whether they might improve bone mineral density in these patients with psoriasis are yet to be conducted.
An international survey characterizing Mohs tissue processing techniques and Mohs margin thresholds: how close is too close?
Authors: Hunt William T. N. , Nelson Toby G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrom practice, we identified heterogeneity in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) specimen tissue processing techniques and specifications, and in the Mohs surgeons' assessment of MMS specimen histological tumour clearance.AimBy surveying an international cohort of Mohs surgeons, we determined to characterize variation in margin threshold assessment (number of wafers/sections free of tumour to declare tumour clearance).MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to Mohs surgeons in the UK, European countries, Australia and New Zealand, assessing the background demographics of the surgeons and the technical factors involved in MMS tissue processing and posing three MMS scenarios to define margin thresholds.ResultsIn total, 114 consultant/attending-level Mohs surgeons responded, giving a response rate of 33.5% from 20 countries (including UK nations). The first scenario posed was a 20-mm cheek basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excised by MMS with a fully complete first wafer (7 μm) clear of tumour and the second wafer (after trimming interval of 50 μm) demonstrating a small dermal focus of nodular BCC; of the 58 surgeons, 16 (27.6%) would not take another stage. With a follow-up question, 16 of the 58 (27.6%) surgeons specified wanting three clear sections to declare tumour clearance. When the same scenario had a change to a 20-mm infiltrative BCC, 84.2% (48 of 57 surgeons) required a second MMS stage, with a follow-up question clarifying that a third (19 of 57) wanted three clear sections to determine clearance. For a well-differentiated 15-mm squamous cell carcinoma with the same factors there was no majority consensus, with the same proportion of surgeons (22.6%; 12 of 53) calling tumour clearance after one, two and three clear section(s) respectively. For MMS specimen processing specifications, routine sections/wafers of 5–10 μm were reported by 77.4% of respondents (48 of 62) and for trimming interval values, 78.6% (48 of 61) specified a range between 20 and 200 μm.ConclusionBy surveying international Mohs surgeons, we highlight surgeon background characteristics, peer-compare assessment of margin thresholds for tumour clearance across three scenarios, and delineate tissue processing and intraoperative approaches.