bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaggregation bands as an indicator for slow creep activity on blind faults
Authors: Brandes Christian , Tanner David C. , Fossen Haakon , Halisch Matthias , Müller Katharina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHidden, blind faults have a strong seismic hazard potential. Consequently, there is a great demand for a robust geological indicator of neotectonic activity on such faults. Here, we conduct field measurements of disaggregation bands above known underlying blind faults at several locations in Central Europe. We observe that the disaggregation bands have the same orientation as that of the faults, indicating their close connection. Disaggregation bands develop in unconsolidated, near-surface, sandy sediments. They form by shear-related reorganization of the sediment fabric, as a consequence of grain rolling and sliding processes, which can reduce the porosity. Using an analogue shearing experiment, we show that disaggregation bands can form at a velocity of 2 cm h−1, which is several orders of magnitude slower than seismogenic fault-slip velocities. Based on the field data and the experiments, we infer that disaggregation bands can form in the process zone of active blind faults and serve as an indicator of neotectonic activity, even if the fault creeps at very low slip velocity. Disaggregation bands could open a new path to detect hidden active faults undergoing aseismic movements.
An overview of catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of model compounds from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Barroso‐Martín Isabel , Ballesteros‐Plata Daniel , Infantes‐Molina Antonia , Guerrero‐Pérez M. Olga , Santamaría‐González José , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The transport sector is in all probability the one that emits the greatest amounts of CO2 and other harmful gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil fuels must be significantly reduced to mitigate their harmful effects on the environment. In this sense, bio‐fuels obtained from lignocellulosic biomass are a solution to partially replace fuels from petroleum. However, the biggest challenge facing the scientific community is to decrease the amount of oxygen in bio‐fuels through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions. This review offers a broad perspective on the catalytic systems used so far in the HDO processes of model compounds present in bio‐fuels, analyzing in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each system to give a vision towards the future.
Coordinated investment in wind‐rich regions using dynamic line rating, energy storage and distributed static series compensation to facilitate congestion management
Authors: Keyvani Behzad , Flynn Damian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind farms installed at wind‐rich regions often located in remote areas increase overloads in the weak adjacent transmission network. As a result of this congestion, extra transmission capacity is required to avoid wind energy or load curtailment that can be achieved by applying some modifications. New line construction and line uprating have been recognised as conventional solutions for the transmission capacity increase. Meanwhile, in the last decade, these solutions have brought several serious issues for the network operators, forcing them to evaluate and install different types of assets based on state‐of‐the‐art technology in order to harvest the existing lines at the maximum possible level. An investment model is developed to relieve the congestion, including dynamic line rating (DLR), distributed static series compensation and energy storage systems (ESS), with a simplified unit commitment implementation. The resulting mixed‐integer linear model is then solved with the classic Benders decomposition. Installations of DLR and distributed static series compensator (DSSC) on the same line are formulated, with techno‐economic analysis performed for different asset combinations on the IEEE RTS 24 bus system, for high wind energy share scenarios. Wind curtailment levels are studied for different DLR/DSSC approaches, including the impact of practical implementation requirements. Based upon additional interlinking constraints, the robustness of investment decisions for independent DLR and DSSC investments is compared against approaches where DLR and DSSC investments are permitted on the same line. The investment based on sequential incorporation of the unit commitment in the study is also investigated to reflect the importance of the integration of the unit scheduling in the model for high renewable systems.
Optimal policies for a deterministic continuous-time inventory model with several suppliers: when a supplier incurs no set-up cost
Authors: Gilding Brian H. 
Published: April 2022

The subject is a deterministic continuous-time continuous-state inventory control model. Stock is replenished by ordering from one of a number of suppliers incurring a different cost per item and a different set-up cost. Taking the cost of procurement into account, the objective is to minimize the total discounted cost over an infinite planning horizon. The size of the order that is to be placed and the supplier with which it is to be placed are to be decided. Earlier studies of the problem have relied substantially on the assumption that the set-up cost of every supplier is strictly positive. Removing this restriction calls for a significant modification of the adopted approach. This is realized in the present study. It is shown that there is a stable unique optimal policy of a type that encompasses (s, S) and generalized (s, S) policies. Conditions that are necessary and sufficient for it to reduce to each of these types are established. The case of two suppliers is studied in detail, properties of the solution are investigated, numerical examples illustrating various aspects are included, and the connection with antecedent results is assessed.
Susac Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Hoogewoud Florence , Kawasaki Aki , Borruat François-Xavier , Guex-Crosier Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Susac syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder that involves the eyes, the brain, and the ears. It is a rare cause of recurrent branch retinal artery occlusion. The purpose
of this study was to report cases of SS, highlighting the clinical presentations, therapeutic options, and their outcome.
Patients and Methods Retrospective case series of patients seen at our institution for SS between 2005 and 2020. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome were
studied.
Results Four patients (3 females, mean age 29 years old) were included in the study. According to the recently revised diagnostic criteria, three patients had definite and one
patient had probable SS (distinctive ophthalmological and brain involvement without ear involvement). Initial visual acuity (VA) was normal in all eyes, but two patients had unilateral
visual field impairment. Gass plaques (defined as yellow-white plaques found in the arteriolar wall away from arterial bifurcations) were observed on fundus examination in all patients.
Fluorescein angiography revealed arteriolar wall hyperfluorescence and branch retinal arterial occlusions (BRAOs) in the absence of other signs of intraocular inflammation in all patients.
Initial treatment consisted of a high-dose corticosteroid (intravenous or oral) with additional immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulins, mycophenolate mofetil,
and/or cyclophosphamide). Residual symptoms were present in all patients and included scotoma (n = 2) and hearing loss (n = 3).
Conclusion SS is a rare disease with characteristic ophthalmological manifestation. The majority of patients present a crude form of the triad, and retinal findings may be the first
initial manifestation. Ophthalmologists should consider the possibility of an SS in all young patients presenting with BRAOs.
Sports Injury Surveillance Systems and Guidelines in Japan: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Mashimo Sonoko , Ogaki Ryo , Suhara Hirokazu , Yoshida Naruto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to identify sports injury surveillance systems
(ISSs) and injury surveillance guidelines (ISGs) developed and currently used in
Japan. Additionally, the extent to which ISSs and ISGs developed overseas are
employed in Japan was also examined. A systematic search of electronic databases
was performed in March 2021. Prospective studies that investigated sports
injuries and targeted Japanese athletes or sports in Japan were included to
identify the following: (1) details of the ISSs or ISGs developed among sports
in Japan, and (2) characteristics of studies focusing on sports in Japan
employing ISSs or ISGs developed overseas and the method of use. A total of five
ISSs developed among sports in Japan were included, most of which were based on
insurance benefits or condolence payment systems. In total, 23 studies used ISSs
or ISGs developed overseas, more than half of which were used as a resource for
the development of other data collection tools or methods, indicating that the
definition of injury and/or classification of items are modified based
on the needs among sports in Japan. This review highlights the necessity of
establishing club-based or organisational ISSs and ISGs that are appropriate for
sports in Japan.
Analysis of Variables that Influence the Success Rates of Induction of Labor with Misoprostol: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Corrêa Thayane Delazari , Barreto Junior Adriano Nascimento , Batista Maria Clara Mendes , Corrêa Júnior Mário Dias , Leite Henrique Vitor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Determine the predictive criteria for success in inducing labor for live fetuses using misoprostol in pregnant women. Secondarily, the objective is to determine the rates of vaginal or cesarean delivery, duration of induction, interval of administration of misoprostol, the main causes of induction of labor and indication for operative delivery.
Methods Medical records of 873 pregnant women admitted for cervical maturation from January 2017 to December 2018 were reviewed in a descriptive observational study of retrospective analysis, considering the following response variables: age, parity, Bishop Index, doses of misoprostol, labor induction time. Logistic regression models were used to predict success with misoprostol in non-operative deliveries.
Results Of the 873 patients evaluated, 72% evolved with vaginal delivery, 23% of the cases were cesarean, 5% forceps or vacuum-extractor. For non-operative delivery the predictive variables at admission were age, parity, gestational age and dilation. During hospitalization, fewer vaginal touches, amniotomy or amniorrhexis with clear fluid lead to a shorter induction time and a greater chance of non-operative delivery. False positives and false negatives of the model were always below 50% and correct answers above 65%.
Conclusion At admission, age less than 24 years, previous normal births, lower the gestational age and greater the dilation, were predictive of greater probability of non-operative delivery. During hospitalization, the less vaginal touches and occurrence of amniotomy/amniorrhexis with clear liquid indicate shorter induction time. Future studies with a prospective design and analysis of other factors are necessary to assess the replicability, generalization of these findings.
Hearing Aid Outcome Measures for Children
Authors: Stelmachowicz Patricia G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe provision of appropriate amplification for a young hearing-impaired child is critical as the aided speech signal will be used for the development of speech and language. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the complex issues surrounding the documentation of hearing aid outcomes in the pediatric population. In the first two sections of the paper, the unique characteristics and needs of the pediatric population and factors complicating the measurement of outcome are described in detail. The third section provides a review of literature on existing outcome measures for children and the fourth section is devoted to a discussion of alternative approaches. The final section is an overview of clinical and research needs in the area of hearing aid outcome measures for children.
Abbreviations: AAI = Aided Audibility Index; ABR = auditory brainstem response; Al = Articulation Index; APHAB = Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit; CL = compression limiting; COSI = Client-Oriented Scale of Improvement; DSL = Desired Sensation Level; HPIC = Hearing Performance Inventory for Children; LDL = loudness discomfort level; LIFE = Listening Instrument for Education; PC = peak clipping; SIFTER = Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk; WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Measurement of corticosterone in the plasma, eggs and faeces of laying hens
Authors: Engel Joanna M. , Hemsworth Paul H. , Butler Kym L. , Tilbrook Alan J. 
Published: April 2022

Context Stress responses in chickens are commonly assessed from measurements of corticosterone in blood, but there is an increasing research effort to develop non-blood means of assessing the activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary (HPA) axis. It is common to measure corticosterone in the eggs and faeces. Aims We extended previous work by undertaking a study of caged laying hens comparing basal concentrations of corticosterone in plasma, faeces, egg albumen and egg yolk on a between-cage basis. We tested the hypothesis that there are positive relationships between corticosterone in plasma and corticosterone in each of the other matrices. Methods Blood samples were collected from each bird at a single point in time. In Experiment 1, these comparisons (between plasma concentrations of corticosterone on Day 1 and egg albumen, egg yolk and faecal concentrations of corticosterone on Days 1, 3 and 4 of the study) were made for hens of two ages under basal conditions, whereas, in Experiment 2, the comparisons (between plasma concentrations of corticosterone on Day 3 and egg albumen, egg yolk and faecal concentrations of corticosterone on Days 1 and 2 of the study) were made for hens housed at different space allowances with and without access to a nest box. The birds without a nest box had not had experience with a nest box prior to sampling. Key results There was a statistically significant (P = 0.012), but limited, positive relationship between plasma and egg albumen concentrations of corticosterone under basal conditions in Experiment 2. There were no other statistically significant (P > 0.05) relationships in either experiment. These results suggest that measures of corticosterone in the albumen, yolk and faeces of laying hens are unlikely to be robust predictors of basal concentrations of corticosterone in the blood. Conclusions Although there was some indication that concentrations of corticosterone in albumen may be related to concentrations in blood under basal conditions, based on all the results, this suggestion is made cautiously. Implications More comprehensive research is required to establish if measures of corticosterone in egg components and faeces are related to chronic basal activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary axis in laying hens. There is also a need to understand the impact of corticosterone on production, reproduction and welfare in hens from measures in both blood and non-blood matrices.
Experiences of trans patients in primary care settings: findings from The OutLook Study
Authors: Mulholland Alannah D. , Coleman Todd A. , Coulombe Simon , Davis Charlie , Cameron Ruth , Travers Robb , Wilson Ciann , Woodford Michael R. 
Published: April 2022

Background Relationships between primary care providers (PCP) and trans patients remain important, necessitating discussions about gender identity, health and their intersections. Methods Using an online survey, we explored socio-demographic and psycho-social factors associated with: (1) disclosing gender identity; (2) discussing gender identity-related health issues; and (3) comfort sharing gender identity with PCPs, among trans people (n = 112) over 16 years of age, sampled in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Bivariate and multivariate methods using modified Poisson regression generated effect estimates. Results Age, birth presumed gender, employment status, family support, and transphobia were significantly associated with disclosing gender identity, discussing gender identity-related health issues, and comfortability sharing gender identity with PCPs. Conclusion Increasing PCPs’ knowledge of trans-related health issues is stressed to improve access and quality for trans patients.
Foreign accent, comprehensibility and intelligibility, redux*
Authors: Munro Murray J. , Derwing Tracey M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We revisit Munro and Derwing (1995a), providing retrospective commentary on our original methods and findings. Using what are now well-established assessment techniques, the study examined the interrelationships among accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second-language learners. The key finding was that the dimensions at issue are related, but partially independent. Of particular note was our observation that speech can be heavily accented but highly intelligible. To provide a fresh perspective on the original data we report a few new analyses, including more up-to-date statistical modeling. Throughout the original text we intersperse insights we have gained since the appearance of the 1995 paper. We conclude with retrospective interpretations, including thoughts on the relevance of the study to contemporary second language teaching and especially pronunciation instruction.
Expanding the scope of L2 intelligibility research*
Authors: Nagle Charlie , Huensch Amanda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated relationships among intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness in the speech of L2 learners of Spanish who completed a prompted response speaking task. Thirty native Spanish listeners from Spain were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe and rate extracted utterances, which were also coded for grammatical and phonemic errors, and speaking rate. Descriptively, although most utterances were intelligible, their comprehensibility and accentedness varied substantially. Mixed-effects modeling showed that comprehensibility was significantly associated with intelligibility whereas accentedness was not. Additionally, phonemic and grammatical errors were significant predictors of intelligibility and comprehensibility, but only phonemic errors were significantly related to accentedness. Overall, phonemic errors displayed a stronger negative association with the listener-based dimensions than grammatical errors. These findings suggest that English-speaking learners of Spanish are not as uniformly intelligible and comprehensible as FL instructors might believe and shed light on relationships among speech constructs in an L2 other than English.
Comprehensibility and everyday English use*
Authors: Zielinski Beth , Pryor Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this longitudinal study we tracked change in comprehensibility and English use over a 10-month period in 14 L2 English learners (8 beginner, 6 intermediate) settling in Australia. They were interviewed 4 times during the 10 months as part of a larger longitudinal study. English use was reported at each interview using a language map and excerpts from recordings of Interviews 1 and 4 were rated for comprehensibility. Intermediate participants tended to be more comprehensible and maintain a higher level of English use over time than the beginners. Exploration of individual variation revealed a range of comprehensibility outcomes, the variable and non-linear nature of English use trajectories, and a possible relationship between comprehensibility change and English use for some participants. Important methodological implications for future studies relate to the measurement of comprehensibility and English use, the speech samples used for comprehensibility ratings, and the importance of individual variation.
Second language comprehensibility as a dynamic construct*
Authors: Trofimovich Pavel , Nagle Charlie , O’Brien Mary Grantham , Kennedy Sara , Taylor Reid Kym , Strachan Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study examined longitudinal changes in second language (L2) interlocutors’ mutual comprehensibility ratings (perceived ease of understanding speech), targeting comprehensibility as a dynamic, time-varying, interaction-centered construct. In a repeated-measures, within-participants design, 20 pairs of L2 English university students from different language backgrounds engaged in three collaborative and interactive tasks over 17 minutes, rating their partner’s comprehensibility at 2–3 minute intervals using 100-millimeter scales (seven ratings per interlocutor). Mutual comprehensibility ratings followed a U-shaped function over time, with comprehensibility (initially perceived to be high) being affected by task complexity but then reaching high levels by the end of the interaction. The interlocutors’ ratings also became more similar to each other early on and remained aligned throughout the interaction. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of comprehensibility between L2 interlocutors and suggest the need for L2 comprehensibility research to account for the effects of interaction, task, and time on comprehensibility measurements.
Sensitivity kernels in seismic wave propagation: a simplified explanation for the banana-doughnut paradox
Authors: Ciardelli Caio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ray theory, a high-frequency approximation to describe wave propagation, has been a cornerstone in seismology for over a hundred years. Despite its simplicity and wide range of applications, some limitations combined with the ever-increasing computational power motivated the development of finite-frequency theory, a better model to describe how the Earth’s inner structure affects seismic waves. Finite-frequency theory has matured a lot in the last decades, and it is now widely applied in many geophysical problems. However, most students and even some experienced researchers face difficulties understanding it. An appropriate theoretical comprehension is paramount to making the most out of the methods a theory underpins, avoiding pushing it beyond its limits, and further developing it. With that problem in mind, this paper shows a simplified formulation of the sensitivity kernels, which are the generalization of rays in the finite-frequency regime. The resultant model, despite its limitations, correctly predicts the main features of finite-frequency theory, including the zero sensitivity in the middle of the travel-time kernels, known as the banana-doughnut paradox, shedding new light on that intriguing phenomenon. The step-by-step derivation and relatively easy equations should be understandable by an undergraduate student with a reasonable knowledge of classical physics and calculus. A Colab Notebook implementing the main formulas accompanies the paper, allowing readers to interact and play with the results.