bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of anti-corrosion performance (surface and near the cut edge) and mechanical properties of epoxy coatings modified with nano, micro and hybrid ZnO particles
Authors: Kabaoglu Emre , Karabork Fazliye , Balun Kayan Didem , Akdemir Ahmet 
Published: December 2022

Composites were formed by incorporating nano, micro and hybrid-ZnO particles into the epoxy matrix at the same loading levels (3%) and applied at 90 μm thickness on the galvanized steel substrate using a film applicator in this study. The improvement in anti-corrosion performance and mechanical and physical properties of the composite coatings were evaluated using various tests and techniques such as salt-spray, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, nanohardness, microscratch, cross-cut, bending, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and Scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion performance of the composite coatings near the cut edge is discussed in detail as well as on the surface of galvanized steel. The results show that the addition of all ZnO particles has a positive effect on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the coatings. The addition of nano, micro and hybrid ZnO particles increased the hardness of the composites by 52, 37 and 56%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy. Although the cathodic protection performance is weakened near the cut edge due to the loss of Zn after thermal cutting, high barrier protection was provided with composite coatings, especially micro ZnO/Epoxy composite coating.
Leaks in the Workforce Pipeline: Understanding Barriers to Pursuing Mental Health Careers among Undergraduate Psychology Students
Authors: Mian Nicholas D. , Glutting Joan H. 
Published: December 2022

Background Mental health workforce capacity has faced significant challenges which have only been exacerbated by COVID-19. Undergraduate students provide a robust entry point of a workforce pipeline, but many do not end up in mental health careers despite high levels of interest in this area. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify career barriers and related factors that might explain why few students enter the mental health workforce. Method We surveyed undergraduate psychology majors ( N = 230) from a large university about their career interests, career perceptions, vocational identity, perceived barriers, and post-graduation plans. Results About half of participants were interested in a mental health career but endorsed high levels of barriers, most of which are financial. Vocational identity predicted plans to attend graduate school after controlling for covariates. Conclusion Despite strong interest in mental health careers, students perceive significant barriers, and only those with the strongest identification with this career are likely to overcome these barriers. Teaching Implications Psychology faculty can help to address gaps in career knowledge and better support students being well-versed in regional issues and career-related information, such as loan repayment programs.
Post-treatment course of acute lipodermatosclerosis
Authors: Suehiro Kotaro , Morikage Noriyasu , Harada Takasuke , Takeuchi Yuriko , Mizoguchi Takahiro , Ike Soichi , Otuska Ryo , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: December 2022

Objectives We aimed to clarify whether acute lipodermatosclerosis (LDS) progress to chronic LDS without continued compression therapy. Methods Between April 2015 and November 2021, 30 patients with acute/subacute LDS, which was diagnosed clinically by presence of isolated, poorly demarcated, tender erythema, and induration limited to the lower leg(s), visited our clinic and were able to be followed up for longer than a year. We reviewed their treatment results and the post-treatment courses. Results In all cases, the symptoms in the acute phase subsided with compression bandages. After the discontinuation of compression therapy, 18 legs (56%) progressed to chronic LDS, and 14 legs (44%) did not. In the legs without progression, subcutaneous tissue in the affected leg was thicker compared with that in the contralateral leg (median 19.1 mm vs. 13.4 mm, p < 0.05) on the initial visit. In the legs with progression, the difference in subcutaneous tissue thickness between the affected and unaffected legs was not significant (10.0 mm vs. 7.6 mm). Conclusions Our findings suggest that in legs which later progress to chronic LDS, subcutaneous tissue contraction due to panniculitis is already present during the acute phase; therefore, long-term compression therapy is unlikely to improve the prognosis.
A Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Clinical and Biomechanical Outcomes Comparing Double-Bundle and Single-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Dasari Suhas P. , Warrier Alec A. , Condon Joshua J. , Mameri Enzo S. , Khan Zeeshan A. , Kerzner Benjamin , Gursoy Safa , Swindell Hasani W. , Hevesi Mario , Chahla Jorge 
Published: December 2022

Background: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction techniques have historically focused on single-bundle (SB) reconstruction of the larger anterolateral bundle without addressing the codominant posteromedial bundle. The SB technique has been associated with residual laxity and instability, leading to the development of double-bundle (DB) reconstruction techniques. Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of comparative clinical and biomechanical studies to differentiate the pooled outcomes of SB and DB PCL reconstruction cohorts. Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review: Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Six databases were queried in February 2022 for literature directly comparing clinical and biomechanical outcomes for patients or cadaveric specimens undergoing DB PCL reconstruction against SB PCL reconstruction. Biomechanical outcomes included posterior tibial translational laxity, external rotational laxity, and varus laxity at 30° and 90° of knee flexion. Clinical outcomes included the side-to-side difference in posterior tibial translation during postoperative stress radiographs, risk of a major complication, and the following postoperative patient-reported outcome measures: Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective scores. A random-effects model was used to compare pooled clinical and biomechanical outcomes between the cohorts. Results: Fifteen biomechanical studies and 13 clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis. The DB group demonstrated significantly less posterior tibial translation at 30° and 90° of knee flexion ( P < .00001). Additionally, the DB group demonstrated significantly less external rotation laxity at 90° of knee flexion ( P = .0002) but not at 30° of knee flexion ( P = .33). There was no difference in varus laxity between the groups at 30° ( P = .56) or 90° ( P = .24) of knee flexion. There was significantly less translation on stress radiographs in the DB group ( P = .02). Clinically, there was no significant difference between the groups for the Lysholm score ( P = .95), Tegner score ( P = .14), or risk of a major complication ( P = .93). DB PCL reconstruction led to significantly higher odds of achieving “normal” or “near normal” objective IKDC outcomes for the included prospective studies ( P = .04) and higher subjective IKDC scores ( P = .01). Conclusion: DB PCL reconstruction leads to superior biomechanical outcomes and clinical outcomes relative to SB PCL reconstruction. Re-creating native anatomy during PCL reconstruction maximizes biomechanical stability and clinical outcomes.
Evidence for Hesperidin as an Effective Factor in Initiating the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis in KG1a Leukemia Cells
Authors: Novinbahador Tannaz , Araj-Khodaei Mostafa , Mahdavi Majid 
Published: December 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common subtype of leukemia, accounting for 62% of all leukemia fatalities. As a polyphenol glycoside, hesperidin triggers the apoptotic pathway, which might positively affect combating cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of hesperidin in KG1a cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of hesperidin in KG1a cell lines. For the apoptotic cell morphology study, we used Hoechst 33 258 staining. Activation of the caspase-3 enzyme was evaluated by the caspase-3 assay and spectrophotometry. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, p21, survivin, Bax, and Bcl2 gene expression was investigated by real-time PCR. Hesperidin decreased the viability of KG1a leukemic cell4s, but not that of HFF2, a non-cancer cell line. Apoptotic cell morphological alterations and increase in caspase-3 activity were observed after hesperidin treatment. Our results revealed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes survivin and Bcl2 significantly decreased with hesperidin treatment, and pro-apoptotic gene Bax and cell cycle regulator p21 increased compared to the control group. These findings revealed that hesperidin may be an effective factor in initiating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and may be good candidate for the treatment of AML.
Trends of intestinal parasites among the patients attended at Yabelo General Hospital, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Aliyo Alqeer , Geleto Abdurahman 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) still cause a major public health problem in developing countries. The most affected populations are those with low socioeconomic status, lack of latrines, inadequate water supply, and poor hygiene like in pastoralist community areas in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study assessed the trends of intestinal parasites among the patients attended at Yabelo General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, from 2019 to 2021.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 6108 patients and recorded data from Yabelo General Hospital, which were extracted using a checklist. The complete data of sex, age, and laboratory stool examination result in the record book were included in the study. The data were double-entered using EpiData version 3 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 for analysis. The associated factors were analyzed using chi-square and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results were presented in tables, pie charts, and graphs.Results:The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among the patients who attended Yabelo General Hospital was 48%. Of these, 37.8% (2310) were intestinal protozoa, and 10.2% (624) were intestinal helminths. The study indicates that 59% of patients aged above 45 years were seen infected with intestinal parasites. Of the total suspected patients, 2% (123) were found to have mixed parasite infections. The most reported parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba Dispar 22.6%, Giardia lamblia 15.3%, and Ascaris lumbricoides 1.8%. The trend analysis of intestinal parasites revealed that the overall prevalence declined from 55% in 2019 to 42.3% in 2021.Conclusion:The prevalence of IPI was high among patients seen at Yabelo General Hospital. The analysis showed that the prevalence declined from 2019 to 2021. To sustain the decrease in prevalence, all intestinal parasite prevention measures should be continuously exercised in the area.
Psychosocial experiences of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in Ghana
Authors: Osei Evans Appiah , Oti-Boadi Ezekiel , Agyeman-Yeboah Joana , Hennor Emilia , Ofosuwaa Bertha , Agyeiwaa Joyce , Elikplem Ruby 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The number of people affected with COVID-19 keeps rising globally resulting in increasing fear and anxiety among patients and their families. However, literature on the psychosocial experiences of these patients with COVID-19 in Africa is limited. Hence, this research explored the psychosocial experiences of patients infected with COVID-19 and undergoing treatment. Methods: The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. The sampling technique chosen for this study was purposive with a sample size of 34 determined by data saturation. Participants were selected from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana, and were interviewed face-face using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Two main themes and seven sub-themes were generated from this study. The two themes included emotional burden of COVID-19 patients and effects of COVID-19 on patients and relatives. Sub-themes formulated under the emotional burden were reactions to COVID-19 diagnosis, suicidal thoughts, and sadness by fear of the unknown. Social restriction/isolation, stigmatization and disclosure, effect of COVID-19, and positive attitudes of staff emerged under the effect of COVID-19 on patients and relatives. Conclusion: Even though the recovery rate of COVID-19 has improved since the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is generally a global surge with respect to the incidence of the condition and an increasing number of patients on admission. Most interventions are targeted at the prevention of the disease than the effect of the psychosocial experience on the quality of life of the individuals affected which is equally essential. It is therefore recommended that current studies focus on improving the quality of life of those affected.
Reliability of the ISAKOS Modification to Subclassify Rockwood Type III Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
Authors: Velasquez Garcia Ausberto , Abdo Glen 
Published: December 2022

Background: To improve clinical management, the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) developed a specific subclassification of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular (AC) injuries: IIIA (no overriding distal clavicle) and IIIB (overriding distal clavicle). Purpose/Hypothesis: The study aimed to determine the inter- and intraobserver reliability of the radiographic classification proposed by ISAKOS for AC injuries. It was hypothesized that the strength of agreement for the ISAKOS modification will be substantial to almost perfect. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We evaluated 40 radiographs of all types of AC joint injuries from patients at a single institution. The images were distributed to 6 shoulder and elbow fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeons, along with standardized assessment questionnaires. The evaluators measured the bilateral coracoclavicular distance and the coracoclavicular ratio and classified the severity of the injuries according to the modified ISAKOS Rockwood classification. Four of the surgeons repeated the evaluation 6 weeks later to calculate intraobserver agreement. The kappa (κ) statistic was calculated for categorical inter- and intraobserver reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates were calculated for the reliability of the coracoclavicular distance measurement. A 2-tailed test was performed to assess statistical significance. Results: Overall interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.637; 95% CI, 0.595-0.680) among the 6 evaluators, and intraobserver agreement was also substantial among the 4 evaluators (κ = 0.616; 95% CI, 0.549-0.638). The interobserver agreement for evaluating types IIIA and IIIB was fair (κ = 0.215; 95% CI, 0.135-0.295) and moderate (κ = 0.473; 95% CI, 0.393-0.553), respectively. The agreement on the coracoclavicular distance measurements was excellent among the 6 evaluators on both the affected side (ICC, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.970-0.990) and the unaffected side (ICC, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.894-0.958). Conclusion: Substantial agreement was found when categorizing AC joint injuries using the ISAKOS modification of the Rockwood classification, with excellent reliability demonstrated for the quantitative assessment of vertical displacement of the clavicle. Visual examination was unreliable in differentiating type IIIA injuries from type IIIB injuries.
Effects of High-Temperature Growth of Dislocation Filter Layers in GaAs-on-Si
Authors: Kim HoSung , Geum Dae-Myeong , Ko Young-Ho , Han Won-Seok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGaAs-on-Si templates with two different dislocation filter layers (DFLs) were grown at 550 °C low-temperature (LT)-DFL and 660 °C high-temperature (HT)-DFL using metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy and the effects of the growth temperature were studied. The threading dislocation density (TDD) values of LT-DFL and HT-DFL were 5.2 × 107 cm−2 and 1.5 × 107 cm−2, respectively. The 1.5 × 107 cm−2 of TDD in HT-DFL is reduced by almost one order compared to the 1.2 × 108 cm−2 of that in the control sample without DFLs. The annihilation process was mainly observed in the HT-DFL by a transmission electron microscope, resulting in a lower TDD. The 500-nm-thick GaAs bulk layer and InAs QDs were regrown on GaAs-on-Si templates and the optical properties were also evaluated by photoluminescence (PL). The highest PL peak intensity of the HT-DFL indicates that less non-radiative recombination in both the GaAs bulk and QDs occurred due to the reduced TDD. The GaAs p–i–n diodes were also fabricated to analyze the bulk leakage (JB) and the surface leakage current. The JB of HT-DFL shows the lowest value of 3.625 × 10–7 A/cm−2 at applied bias voltage of 1 V, which is 20 times lower than the JB of the control sample without DFLs. This supports that the high-temperature growth of DFL can make a good performance GaAs device on Si.
Lactobacillus spp. in the reproductive system of female moths and mating induced changes and possible transmission
Authors: Zhao Qing-Yi , Zhang Luo-Yan , Fu Da-Ying , Xu Jin , Chen Peng , Ye Hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The microbiome in the insect reproductive tract is poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in female moths, but their distribution and function remain unclear. Lactobacillus spp. are known as the ‘healthy’ vaginal microbiome in humans.

Results
Here, we studied the microbiome in the reproductive system (RS) and gut of Spodoptera frugiperda using 16S rDNA sequences. The obtained 4315 bacterial OTUs were classified into 61 phyla and 642 genera, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota being the top three dominant phyla and Enterococcus and Asaia being dominant genera in most samples. Mating dramatically increased the abundance of pathogens or pathogenic functions in the gut, while in the RS, the change range was trivial. Taxonomy assignment identified thirteen Lactobacillus spp. in S. frugiperda, with Lactobacillus crustorum and Lactobacillus murinus showing high abundance. Three species found in S. frugiperda, namely L. reuteri, L. plantarum and L. brevis, have also been identified as human ‘healthy’ vaginal bacterial species. Lactobacillus spp. showed higher abundance in the RS of virgin females and lower abundance in the RS of virgin males and the gut of virgin females. Mating reduced their abundance in the RS of females but increased their abundance in the RS of males, especially in males mated with multiple females. The RS of virgin females and of multiple mated males were very similar in terms of composition and abundance of Lactobacillus species, with Lactobacillus crustorum showing much higher abundance in both tissues, potentially due to sexual transmission.

Conclusions
Lactobacillus spp. showed high abundance and diversity in the RS of female moths. The higher abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the RS of female moths and the similarity of Lactobacillus species in female moths with human ‘healthy’ vaginal Lactobacillus spp. suggest that these bacterial strains are also an important microbiome in the RS of female moths.
Growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by laser irradiation: exploring further experimental aspects in an in vitro evaluation study
Authors: Zhang Ruina , Zhao Junying , Li Linfeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
According to the results of the clinical trials, laser therapy is effective for the treatment of onychomycosis, but the in vitro findings are inconsistent among studies. This study aimed to explore the experimental conditions of laser for the inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. A 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to irradiate colonies using a small (6-mm diameter) or large (13-mm diameter) area, and using 300, 408, or 600 J/cm2. The surface temperature of the colony was measured after irradiation and every 2 min. The growth area was calculated until the 7th or 10th day of incubation daily.

Results
For the small area group, at 300 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 25.2 ± 0.2°C, but without effect on growth (P = 0.516). At 408 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 32.0 ± 0.4°C; growth was inhibited for 7 days (P < 0.001). At 600 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 38.1 ± 0.4°C; the growth was completely stopped for at least 10 days (P < 0.001). For the large area group, the temperature patterns were similar to those of the small area group, but the highest temperature was lower than in the small area groups, and no growth inhibition effect was observed (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
When the irradiation area is small, a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser at 408 or 600 J/cm2 can be effective in suppressing T. rubrum growth in vitro.
Validation of a simple-to-use, affordable, portable, wavefront aberrometry-based auto refractometer in the adult population: A prospective study
Authors: Rao Divya Parthasarathy , Negiloni Kalpa , Gurunathan Sivasundaravadivel , Velkumar Selvaraj , Sivaraman Anand , Baig Adeeb Ulla , Kumari B. , Murali Kaushik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Refraction is one of the key components of a comprehensive eye examination. Auto refractometers that are reliable and affordable can be beneficial, especially in a low-resource community setting. The study aimed to validate the accuracy of a novel wave-front aberrometry-based auto refractometer, Instaref R20 against the open-field system and subjective refraction in an adult population.

Methods
All the participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination including objective refraction, subjective acceptance, anterior and posterior segment evaluation. Refraction was performed without cycloplegia using WAM5500 open-field auto refractometer (OFAR) and Instaref R20, the study device. Agreement between both methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. The repeatability of the device based on three measurements in a subgroup of 40 adults was assessed.

Results
The refractive error was measured in 132 participants (mean age,30.53 ± 9.36 years, 58.3% female). The paired mean difference of the refraction values of the study device against OFAR was − 0.13D for M, − 0.0002D (J0) and − 0.13D (J45) and against subjective refraction (SR) was − 0.09D (M), 0.06 (J0) and 0.03D (J45). The device agreed within +/− 0.50D of OFAR in 78% of eyes for M, 79% for J0 and 78% for J45. The device agreed within +/− 0.5D of SR values for M (84%), J0 (86%) and J45 (89%).

Conclusion
This study found a good agreement between the measurements obtained with the portable autorefractor against open-field refractometer and SR values. It has a potential application in population-based community vision screening programs for refractive error correction without the need for highly trained personnel.