bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Function Trajectories Preceding Death Among Older Adults: A Long-Term Community-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jiao , Guo Jie , Dove Abigail , Yang Wenzhe , Li Xuerui , Qi Xiuying , Bennett David A , Xu Weili 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Poor pulmonary function (PF) has been linked to mortality, but the timing of PF changes before death remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between PF and mortality and identify different PF trajectories precedes death.

Methods
Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1 438 participants without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were followed for up to 22 years. PF was assessed annually using a composite score (tertiled as low, medium, and high) based on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Survival status was observed during the follow-up period. Data were analyzed using Cox regression, Laplace regression, and mixed-effect models.

Results
During the follow-up, 737 (51.25%) participants died. Compared to high PF, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of mortality was 1.35 (1.05, 1.72)/1.63 (1.25, 2.12) for medium/low PF. The median survival time (95% CI) was shortened by 0.80 (0.01–1.61)/1.72 (0.43–3.01) years for participants with medium/low PF, compared to high PF. In multiadjusted trajectory analysis, the significant differences between decedents and survivors occurred at 7 years before death for composite PF (mean difference [95% CI]: 0.14 [0.02–0.25]), 6 years for FEV1 (0.21 [0.08–0.33]) and FVC (0.21 [0.08–0.34]), and 8 years for PEF (0.21 [0.06–0.37]), and became greater thereafter.

Conclusion
Poor PF is associated with elevated mortality and shortens survival for nearly 2 years. An acceleration in PF decline tends to occur 7 years before death. Poor PF, together with its decline, might be a predictor of mortality among community-dwelling older adults.
Structural elucidation of the O-antigen polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O125ac and biosynthetic aspects thereof
Authors: Furevi Axel , Udekwu Klas I , Widmalm Göran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O125, the cause of infectious diarrheal disease, is comprised of two serogroups, viz., O125ab and O125ac, which display the aggregative adherence pattern with epithelial cells. Herein, the structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide from E. coli O125ac:H6 has been elucidated. Sugar analysis revealed the presence of fucose, mannose, galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine as major components. Unassigned 1H and 13C NMR data from one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments of the O125ac O-antigen in conjunction with sugar components were used as input to the CASPER program, which can determine polysaccharide structure in a fully automated way, and resulted in the following branched pentasaccharide structure of the repeating unit: →4)[β-d-Galp-(1 → 3)]-β-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-l-Fucp-(1 → 3)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1→, where the side chain is denoted by square brackets. The proposed O-antigen structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments and determination of interresidue connectivities. Based on this structure, that of the O125ab O-antigen, which consists of hexasaccharide repeating units with an additional glucosyl group, was possible to establish in a semi-automated fashion by CASPER. The putative existence of gnu and gne in the gene clusters of the O125 serogroups is manifested by N-acetyl-d-galactosamine residues as the initial sugar residue of the biological repeating unit as well as within the repeating unit. The close similarity between O-antigen structures is consistent with the presence of two subgroups in the E. coli O125 serogroup.
Resequencing worldwide spinach germplasm for identification of field resistance QTLs to downy mildew and assessment of genomic selection methods
Authors: Bhattarai Gehendra , Shi Ainong , Mou Beiquan , Correll James C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Downy mildew, commercially the most important disease of spinach, is caused by the obligate oomycete Peronospora effusa. In the past two decades, new pathogen races have repeatedly overcome the resistance used in newly released cultivars, urging the need for more durable resistance. Commercial spinach cultivars are bred with major R genes to impart resistance to downy mildew pathogens and are effective against some pathogen races/isolates. This work aimed to evaluate the worldwide USDA spinach germplasm collections and commercial cultivars for resistance to downy mildew pathogen in the field condition under natural inoculum pressure and conduct genome wide association analysis (GWAS) to identify resistance-associated genomic regions (alleles). Another objective was to evaluate the prediction accuracy (PA) using several genomic prediction (GP) methods to assess the potential implementation of genomic selection (GS) to improve spinach breeding for resistance to downy mildew pathogen. More than four hundred diverse spinach genotypes comprising USDA germplasm accessions and commercial cultivars were evaluated for resistance to downy mildew pathogen between 2017–2019 in Salinas Valley, California and Yuma, Arizona. GWAS was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified via whole genome resequencing (WGR) in GAPIT and TASSEL programs; detected 14, 12, 5, and 10 significantly associated SNP markers with the resistance from four tested environments, respectively; and the QTL alleles were detected at the previously reported region of chromosome 3 in three of the four experiments. In parallel, PA was assessed using six GP models and seven unique marker datasets for field resistance to downy mildew pathogen across four tested environments. The results suggest the suitability of GS to improve field resistance to downy mildew pathogen. The QTL, SNP markers, and PA estimates provide new information in spinach breeding to select resistant plants and breeding lines through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS, eventually helping to accumulate beneficial alleles for durable disease resistance.
Help Me, Symbionts, You're My Only Hope: Approaches to Accelerate our Understanding of Coral Holobiont Interactions
Authors: Bove Colleen B , Ingersoll Maria Valadez , Davies Sarah W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tropical corals construct the three-dimensional framework for one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat to a plethora of species across taxa. However, these ecosystem engineers are facing unprecedented challenges, such as increasing disease prevalence and marine heatwaves associated with anthropogenic global change. As a result, major declines in coral cover and health are being observed across the world's oceans, often due to the breakdown of coral-associated symbioses. Here, we review the interactions between the major symbiotic partners of the coral holobiont—the cnidarian host, algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae, and the microbiome—that influence trait variation, including the molecular mechanisms that underlie symbiosis and the resulting physiological benefits of different microbial partnerships. In doing so, we highlight the current framework for the formation and maintenance of cnidarian–Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis, and the role that immunity pathways play in this relationship. We emphasize that understanding these complex interactions is challenging when you consider the vast genetic variation of the cnidarian host and algal symbiont, as well as their highly diverse microbiome, which is also an important player in coral holobiont health. Given the complex interactions between and among symbiotic partners, we propose several research directions and approaches focused on symbiosis model systems and emerging technologies that will broaden our understanding of how these partner interactions may facilitate the prediction of coral holobiont phenotype, especially under rapid environmental change.
The beginning of EU political advertising law: unifying democratic visions through the internal market
Authors: van Drunen Max Zeno , Helberger Natalie , Ó Fathaigh Ronan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The regulation of political advertising has traditionally been a sensitive issue—unsurprisingly so, as it determines if and how political actors can pay to communicate with voters. Given the differences between national electoral systems and the lack of a consensus on the best regulatory approach, until recently neither the EU, the Council of Europe nor the European Court of Human Rights laid out strict standards. Following mounting concerns over the impact of opaque and manipulative targeted advertising in the 2016 US election and Brexit referendum, the EU’s proposal for a regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising breaks with this trend. This article analyses how the proposal is set to regulate political advertising, and evaluates how the proposed regulation fits into the EU’s competences to regulate democratic processes and affects existing national legal frameworks. The article concludes by assessing the new roles the EU and the Member States assume in political advertising regulation.
Variation Instability Near Vacuum in One-Dimensional Isentropic Flow
Authors: Jenssen Helge Kristian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider instability of the total variation in shock-only solutions to the one-dimensional isentropic Euler system. The main results concern the possibility of immediate blowup in variation of the density field $\rho $ when the data approaches vacuum. In the case of an initially bounded velocity field, it is verified that immediate variation blowup in $\rho $ can occur whenever the adiabatic exponent satisfies $\gamma&gt;3$, whereas no such instability occurs for $1&lt;\gamma \leq 3$. When the initial velocity field is unbounded, variation blowup in $\rho $ can occur for any $\gamma&gt;1$.
The Application of Competition Law to Labour Markets: Some Unresolved Issues
Authors: Maggiolino Mariateresa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, many have wondered about the application of antitrust law in labour markets. This article analyses both the theoretical premises that justify such intervention and the ways in which it should occur. In this respect, the article takes steps from the economic literature on monopsony in the attempt to ensure that the logic that antitrust scholars customarily carry out in relation output markets applies in relation to labour markets as well.
A survey of automated methods for biomedical text simplification
Authors: Ondov Brian , Attal Kush , Demner-Fushman Dina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Plain language in medicine has long been advocated as a way to improve patient understanding and engagement. As the field of Natural Language Processing has progressed, increasingly sophisticated methods have been explored for the automatic simplification of existing biomedical text for consumers. We survey the literature in this area with the goals of characterizing approaches and applications, summarizing existing resources, and identifying remaining challenges.

Materials and Methods
We search English language literature using lists of synonyms for both the task (eg, “text simplification”) and the domain (eg, “biomedical”), and searching for all pairs of these synonyms using Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, ACL Anthology, and DBLP. We expand search terms based on results and further include any pertinent papers not in the search results but cited by those that are.

Results
We find 45 papers that we deem relevant to the automatic simplification of biomedical text, with data spanning 7 natural languages. Of these (nonexclusively), 32 describe tools or methods, 13 present data sets or resources, and 9 describe impacts on human comprehension. Of the tools or methods, 22 are chiefly procedural and 10 are chiefly neural.

Conclusions
Though neural methods hold promise for this task, scarcity of parallel data has led to continued development of procedural methods. Various low-resource mitigations have been proposed to advance neural methods, including paragraph-level and unsupervised models and augmentation of neural models with procedural elements drawing from knowledge bases. However, high-quality parallel data will likely be crucial for developing fully automated biomedical text simplification.
Translating and evaluating historic phenotyping algorithms using SNOMED CT
Authors: Elkheder Musaab , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Qummer Ul Arfeen Muhammad , Kuan Valerie , Lumbers R Thomas , Denaxas Spiros , Shah Anoop D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Patient phenotype definitions based on terminologies are required for the computational use of electronic health records. Within UK primary care research databases, such definitions have typically been represented as flat lists of Read terms, but Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) (a widely employed international reference terminology) enables the use of relationships between concepts, which could facilitate the phenotyping process. We implemented SNOMED CT-based phenotyping approaches and investigated their performance in the CPRD Aurum primary care database.

Materials and Methods
We developed SNOMED CT phenotype definitions for 3 exemplar diseases: diabetes mellitus, asthma, and heart failure, using 3 methods: “primary” (primary concept and its descendants), “extended” (primary concept, descendants, and additional relations), and “value set” (based on text searches of term descriptions). We also derived SNOMED CT codelists in a semiautomated manner for 276 disease phenotypes used in a study of health across the lifecourse. Cohorts selected using each codelist were compared to “gold standard” manually curated Read codelists in a sample of 500 000 patients from CPRD Aurum.

Results
SNOMED CT codelists selected a similar set of patients to Read, with F1 scores exceeding 0.93, and age and sex distributions were similar. The “value set” and “extended” codelists had slightly greater recall but lower precision than “primary” codelists. We were able to represent 257 of the 276 phenotypes by a single concept hierarchy, and for 135 phenotypes, the F1 score was greater than 0.9.

Conclusions
SNOMED CT provides an efficient way to define disease phenotypes, resulting in similar patient populations to manually curated codelists.
The Interpretation of Planning Policy: The Role of the Court
Authors: Mills Alistair 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The interpretation of planning policy is important in English planning law both in theory and in practice but, nevertheless, it is under-examined in the literature. This article focuses on the question of the appropriate role of the court in relation to planning policy. Judges have an important role in promoting a consistent approach to policy, such that the guiding function of policy is enhanced. However, the distinction which is drawn between the interpretation and application of policy is too simplistic, as is a binary distinction between ‘broad’ and ‘specific’ planning policies. A better approach is to recognise that there are four types of questions which arise in the interpretation of policy, which this article sets out to explain.
Protocol of a randomized phase II/III study of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel combination therapy versus modified FOLFIRINOX versus S-IROX for metastatic or recurrent pancreatic cancer: JCOG1611 (GENERATE)
Authors: Mizusawa Junki , Ohba Akihiro , Ozaka Masato , Katayama Hiroshi , Okusaka Takuji , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Terashima Takeshi , Sasahira Naoki , Okano Naohiro , Miki Ikuya , Kaneko Takashi , Mizuno Nobumasa , Todaka Akiko , Furukawa Masayuki , Kajiura Shinya , Kataoka Tomoko , Fukuda Haruhiko , Furuse Junji , Ueno Makoto ,   Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Group of Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin are a standard treatment for metastatic or recurrent pancreatic cancer. Recent studies on metastatic pancreatic cancer have demonstrated promising results of modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin and S-1, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. A three-arm randomized phase II/III trial has been conducted since April 2019 to confirm the superiority of modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin and S-1, irinotecan and oxaliplatin over Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent pancreatic cancer. A total of 732 patients will be enrolled from 42 Japanese institutions within 5 years. The primary endpoint is the response rate in the S-1, irinotecan and oxaliplatin arm for phase II portion and overall survival for phase III portion. The secondary endpoints for phase III portion are progression-free survival, response rate, adverse events, serious adverse events and dose intensity. This trial is registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/], number jRCTs031190009.
Knockdown of hepatocyte Perilipin-3 mitigates hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deletion in mice
Authors: Bao Xinyu , Ma Xiaogen , Huang Rongfeng , Chen Jianghui , Xin Haoran , Zhou Meiyu , Li Lihua , Tong Shifei , Zhang Qian , Shui Guanghou , Deng Fang , Yu Liqing , Li Min-Dian , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTComparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain containing 5, is the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides stored in the cytosolic lipid droplets. Mutations in CGI-58 gene cause Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS), an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. The liver pathology of CDS manifests as steatosis and steatohepatitis, which currently has no effective treatments. Perilipin-3 (Plin3) is a member of the Perilipin–ADRP–TIP47 protein family that is essential for lipid droplet biogenesis. The objective of this study was to test a hypothesis that deletion of a major lipid droplet protein alleviates fatty liver pathogenesis caused by CGI-58 deficiency in hepatocytes. Adult CGI-58-floxed mice were injected with adeno-associated vectors simultaneously expressing the Cre recombinase and microRNA against Plin3 under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter, followed by high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks. Liver and blood samples were then collected from these animals for histological and biochemical analysis. Plin3 knockdown in hepatocytes prevented steatosis, steatohepatitis, and necroptosis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency. Our work is the first to show that inhibiting Plin3 in hepatocytes is sufficient to mitigate hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in mice.
Lung Cancer Absolute Risk Models for Mortality in an Asian Population using the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Warkentin Matthew T , Tammemägi Martin C , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Liu Geoffrey , Hung Rayjean J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early detection through risk-based screening can markedly improve prognosis. However, most risk models were developed in North American cohorts of smokers, whereas less is known about risk profiles for never-smokers, which represent a growing proportion of lung cancers, particularly in Asian populations.MethodsBased on the China Kadoorie Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort of 512 639 adults with up to 12 years of follow-up, we built Asian Lung Cancer Absolute Risk Models (ALARM) for lung cancer mortality using flexible parametric survival models, separately for never and ever-smokers, accounting for competing risks of mortality. Model performance was evaluated in a 25% hold-out test set using the time-dependent area under the curve and by comparing model-predicted and observed risks for calibration.ResultsPredictors assessed in the never-smoker lung cancer mortality model were demographics, body mass index, lung function, history of emphysema or bronchitis, personal or family history of cancer, passive smoking, and indoor air pollution. The ever-smoker model additionally assessed smoking history. The 5-year areas under the curve in the test set were 0.77 (95% confidence interval = 0.73 to 0.80) and 0.81 (95% confidence interval = 0.79 to 0.84) for ALARM-never-smokers and ALARM-ever smokers, respectively. The maximum 5-year risk for never and ever-smokers was 2.6% and 12.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study is among the first to develop risk models specifically for Asian populations separately for never and ever-smokers. Our models accurately identify Asians at high risk of lung cancer death and may identify those with risks exceeding common eligibility thresholds who may benefit from screening.
Multiple photoionization for the 2s subshell in the iron atom
Authors: Kučas Sigitas , Kynienė Aušra , Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Multiple photoionization is analysed as a result of radiative and Auger cascade following ionization by photon from the 2s subshell. The study includes 34 levels of the 3d64s2 configuration of the Fe atom. The multiple-photoionization cross-sections from the levels of the ground configuration to the generated ions and their configurations are analysed. This study demonstrates that the photoionization of the 2s subshell produces mainly states of the Fe5+ ion. The highest charge state produced by the photoionization equals Fe6+. The difference of the ion yields from the investigated levels of the iron atom reaches ∼ 4% for the Fe 5+ and Fe6+ ions. Main branches of the cascade decay are identified in the study. It is determined that the two strongest branches of the cascade lead to states of the Fe5+ ion.
The recurrent nova U Scorpii from the 2010.1 to 2022.4 eruptions; the missed eruption of 2016.78 ± 0.10 and the critical complex period changes
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
U Sco is a recurrent nova with 11 observed eruptions, most recently in 2010.1 and 2022.4. I report on my program (running since 1989) of measuring eclipse times and brightnesses of U Sco in quiescence, from 2010 to 2022. The orbital period suddenly increased by +22.4 ± 1.0 parts-per-million across the 2010.1 eruption. This period change is greater than the near-zero period change (+3.9 ± 6.1 parts-per-million) across the 1999.2 eruption. This period change cannot come from any of the usual mechanisms, whereas the one remaining possibility is that the period changes are dominated by the little-known mechanism of the nova ejecting asymmetric shells. From 2010.1 to 2016.78, the O − C curve showed a steady period change that was large, with $\dot{P}$ = (−21.0 ± 3.2) × 10−9. This is greatly higher than the steady period changes in the two previous inter-eruption intervals (−3.2 ± 1.9 and −1.1 ± 1.1 × 10−9). This large, variable, and negative $\dot{P}$ apparently comes from magnetic braking of the companion star’s rotation. Starting in 2016.9 ± 0.6, the O − C curve showed a strong kink that is a unique characteristic of the sudden period change (+35.4 ± 7.1 parts-per-million) across a nova event. The brightness in quiescence after 2010.4 shows that the white dwarf accreted the trigger mass for the next nova event in the year 2017.1 ± 0.6. Photometric records show the only possible time for the eruption to peak (such that its total duration of 60 d was undetectable by any observation) is during a 75-d interval inside the 2016 solar gap, thus constraining the missed eruption to 2016.78 ± 0.10.