bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized Health Impact of Social and Material Deprivation on Perinatal Outcomes In Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Orkin J , O'Campo P , Shankardass K , Dodds L , Joseph KS , Allen V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Poverty is associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes including low birth weight, small for gestational age, pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes as well as an increased risk for neonatal death. Recent research has attempted to align social theory (i.e., that adverse social exposures impact multiple outcomes) with new statistical modeling that reflects this theory. The Generalized Health Impact (GHI) model looks at the impact on a myriad of adverse outcomes of exposure to negative social risk factor such as low income or poverty. Growing research examines how multiple perinatal outcomes are influenced by social and material deprivation. In particular, having a lower social and economic position in society (socioeconomic position) or being raised in low-income setting has been independently linked to multiple negative health outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: To understand the generalized health impact (GHI) on perinatal health for mothers and their children that socioeconomic position (SEP) can have on health.
DESIGN/METHODS: Data from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database was used. A partnership with Statistics Canada facilitated a confidential linkage with income tax information for the year in which delivery occurred. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between multiple indicators of family income and multiple adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. In the second stage of analysis, multinomial logistic regression was used to examine effects on a tally of the number of adverse outcomes (0, 1, 2 or ≥3). The study was approved by the IWK Health Centre Research Ethics Board.
RESULTS: 117 734 individuals were included. Total family income was less than $23 587 in approximately 62% of families. Effect of low socioeco-nomic position on concomitant adverse perinatal health outcomes was seen with the risk of having 3 or more conditions was highest amongst single mothers (PR 3.1 CI: 2.92-3.27) and families reported as having an income below the low income cut off (PR 2.33 CI:2.16-2.51). Higher material deprivation in the neighbourhood of residence was associated with increased risk of multiple negative perinatal outcomes including pre-term birth and small for gestational age.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of understanding the cumulative effect of SEP on generalized health outcomes for negative perinatal health outcomes. This research should inform clinical practice to recognize that social determinants of health and negative health outcomes occur not in isolation but as a collective. Further research on adequate screening for poverty and clinical assessment of social determinants of health is required.
A Single Nutristep™ Question as a Food Insecurity Screening Tool
Authors: Borkhoff CM , Bayoumi I , Nurse KM , Chen Y , Maguire JL , Parkin PC , Birken C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity could pose serious health risks, deficiencies, and be harmful to early children’s healthy growth and development. Many family health teams use the Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler (NutriSTEP™) as a tool to provide a fast, valid way to assess the eating habits of toddlers and preschoolers and identify individual kids at risk. Furthermore, the NutriSTEP™ questionnaire is being rolled out in Public Health Units in Ontario.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the criterion and construct validity of the 1-item on the NutriSTEP™ questionnaire: “I have difficulty buying food I want to feed my child because food is expensive” for measuring food insecurity.
DESIGN/METHODS: A cross-sectional study of healthy children, aged 18 months to 5 years, seen for primary care between June 2008 and January 2015 was conducted through the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network. A parent of each participant completed the NutriSTEP™ questionnaire for toddlers aged 18–35 months or for children aged 3–5 years. Parents also responded to the 2-item Food Insecurity Screen (which comes from the 18-item Household Food Security Survey). Criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the responses of the 1-item NutriSTEP™ to the 2-item FI Screen as a gold standard and testing the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for a positive and negative result. Convergent validity (the correspondence between the 1-item screen and theoretically related variables) was assessed with multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: 1174 children (mean age 37 months) were included: 53 (4.5%) children were categorized as food insecure. An affirmative response to the 1-item NutriSTEP™ had a sensitivity of 84.9% (95% CI: 72.4-93.3) and a specificity of 91.2 % (95% CI: 89.4- 92.8). A positive or food insecure NutriSTEP™ response is 9.6 times more likely to occur in a participant with a food insecure response than a food secure response to the FI Screen. A negative or food secure NutriSTEP™ response is 6 times less likely to occur in a participant with a food insecure response than a food secure response to the FI Screen. An affirmative response to the 1-item NutriSTEP™ was associated with increased odds of a low self-reported after-tax annual household income of $0 - $29,999 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 7.6; (95% CI: 89.4- 92.8); P&lt;0.001).
CONCLUSION: Children who were food insecure were identified with the 1-item NutriSTEP™, suggesting that this single question may be an effective screening tool for food insecurity.
Quick-Wee: A Novel Non-Invasive Urine Collection Method for Infants in the Emergency Department
Authors: Kaufman J , Tosif S , Fitzpatrick P , Donath S , Hopper S , Bryant P , Babl F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest paedi-atric infections, and important to diagnose or exclude in young children with fever. Limitations exist with all current urine collection methods, guidelines vary, and clinicians have different preferences. Clean catch urine (CCU) is a preferred non-invasive collection method and is convenient and painless compared to suprapubic aspirate and catheterisation. However, it can be unreliable and time-consuming, with high rates of sample contamination and collection failure. Only 12% void within 5 minutes based on recent data. An ideal method of urine collection would be fast, reliable and simple. Suprapubic stimulation may trigger involuntary parasympathetic detrusor contraction, inducing voiding via early childhood exteroceptive somato-bladder reflexes.
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a pilot study using a novel method (termed ‘Quick-Wee’) of gentle cutaneous suprapubic stimulation with saline-soaked gauze, to hasten voiding for non-invasive urine collection.
DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective pilot study of 40 pre-continent children age 1-24 months requiring CCU in a paediatric emergency department in Australia. Standard CCU was augmented by 5 minutes of suprapubic cutaneous stimulation (Quick-Wee method), with either cold (3 degrees Celsius) or room-temperature saline-soaked gauze. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Void &lt;5 minutes. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Successful catch of sample (if voids), contamination rate, parental/clinician satisfaction with technique.
RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: Gentle cutaneous suprapubic stimulation with saline-soaked gauze appears to be a promising technique with 30% voiding in &lt;5 minutes, a rate higher than observed without such stimulation. A randomised controlled trial comparing Quick-Wee to standard CCU without suprapubic stimulation is now underway.
Evaluation of Delayed Puberty: What Diagnostic Tests Should be Done in the Seemingly Otherwise Well Adolescent?
Authors: Abitbol L , Zborovski S , Palmert M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delayed puberty (DP) is defined as the lack of puberty by an age that is 2-2.5 standard deviations beyond the population mean. Although it generally represents a normal variant in pubertal timing, DP can be the initial presentation of a serious underlying disorder and can be a source of significant anxiety for patients and their parents. Despite its clinical importance, the initial diagnostic approach to this condition is variable and may include tests that are unnecessary and costly.
OBJECTIVES: To review the current recommendations regarding the initial evaluation of DP in the seemingly otherwise well adolescent and provide a rationale for revisiting these recommendations using data from our centre.
DESIGN/METHODS: We reviewed clinical and laboratory data of patients seen for DP in the Endocrinology Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children through retrospective chart review of patients seen between 08/2012 and 12/2013 and prospective chart review of those seen between 01/2014 and 07/2014.
RESULTS: 519 charts were reviewed retrospectively and 58 met inclusion criteria; 6 additional patients were identified prospectively (n=64; 40 male, 24 female). Among the patients who were previously healthy, 70% had constitutional delay of growth and puberty, 18% had functional hypogo-nadotropic hypogonadism (FHH), 7% had permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and 4% had hypergonadropic hypogonadism. Wide inter-practitioner variability in the number of diagnostic tests ordered, ranging from 3 to 27, was observed. The mean number of diagnostic tests ordered at the patient’s initial visit was 16 with a median of 17. Diagnostic tests ordered to identify FHH in the absence of signs or symptoms of an underlying disorder, including thyroid function testing, celiac antibodies and general screens for systemic illness were not helpful.
CONCLUSION: We found wide variability in the number of diagnostic tests ordered during the initial work-up of DP. Furthermore, the majority of tests ordered had a low diagnostic yield in patients with low pre-test probability. We propose that initial diagnostic testing in an otherwise healthy adolescent with DP should only consist of gonadotropins and close clinical monitoring. A bone age, while non-diagnostic, is useful for height prediction.
A Comparison of Prenatal Exposures in Children with and Without A Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Atlantic Canadian City
Authors: Saunders A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by varying deficits in social interactions, disordered communication and repetitive behaviour patterns. Signs that a child has autism are present in the early developmental stages and the symptoms cause significant impairment in many areas of functioning, including social, educational/occupational, and performance of everyday activities. There have been established genetic correlates and noticeable heredity with ASD diagnoses, but so far chromosomal genetic changes have only been found in approximately 25% of children with autism who were studied and there was no single variance that predominated. This signifies that there may be other external factors at play for autism to develop from preexisting genetic risk. Current studies suggest that prenatal exposures are more important to future autism diagnoses than those that happen after birth; there appears to be disruption of neuron gene networks in the cell cycle, protein folding, DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis. Potential prenatal triggers are the focus of this study, with interest to one geographical area in Atlantic Canada.
OBJECTIVES: The study focused on the presence of environmental exposures during pregnancy in children who developed autism spectrum disorder and those who did not, with a specific focus on a specific Atlantic Canadian city. Exposures inquired about included: acetaminophen/ paracetamol use, air pollution, fever, parental age, maternal diabetes, prenatal vitamin use, workplace exposures, recreational drug use, seafood consumption, obesity, and maternal thyroid issues.
DESIGN/METHODS: Mothers of children aged 0-10 years were asked to participate in a telephone interview regarding environmental exposures during their pregnancy. This was followed up by a prenatal chart review. There were two groups of participants: 107 from the autism group and 108 from the non-autism group. The data was analyzed with univariate tests and a logistic regression.
RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between groups for presence of siblings with ASD, presence of family members with ASD, presence of fever, use of medications, use of cigarettes, and gesta-tional age at the start of prenatal vitamins. Logistic regression analysis found significance with use of medications, use of cigarettes, and gesta-tional age at the start of prenatal vitamins.
CONCLUSION: The use of medications and cigarettes during pregnancy are associated with an increased rate of autism diagnosis. As well, a later starting date for use of prenatal vitamins was associated wth autism. Working towards an understanding of factors that come together to create a diagnosis of autism will be helpful for families, physicians, and allocating government resources.
Lily HD-Zip I Transcription Factor LlHB16 Promotes Thermotolerance by Activating LlHSFA2 and LlMBF1c
Authors: Wu Ze , Li Ting , Zhang Dehua , Teng Nianjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
HD-Zip I transcription factors play important roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses; however, their roles in thermotolerance are largely unknown. Through transcriptome analysis in lily (Lilium longiflorum), we isolated and identified a HD-Zip I gene differentially expressed at high temperatures, LlHB16, which belongs to the β2 subgroup and positively regulates thermotolerance. The expression of LlHB16 was rapidly and continuously activated by heat stress. LlHB16 protein localized to the nucleus and exhibited transactivation activity in both plant and yeast cells, and its C-terminus contributed to its transcriptional activity. Overexpressing LlHB16 in Arabidopsis and lily improved thermotolerance and activated the expression of heat-related genes in both plants, especially that of HSFA2 and MBF1c. In addition, LlHB16 overexpression in Arabidopsis also caused growth defects, delayed flowering and abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Further analysis revealed that LlHB16 directly binds to the promoters of LlHSFA2 and LlMBF1c and activates their expressions. Similarly, the expression of AtHSFA2 and AtMBF1c was also elevated in LlHB16 transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Together, our findings demonstrate that LlHB16 participates in the establishment of thermotolerance involved in activating LlHSFA2 and LlMBF1c, and LlHB16 overexpression resulted in ABA insensitivity in transgenic plants, suggesting that LlHB16 links the basal heat-responsive pathway and ABA signal to collaboratively regulate thermotolerance.
An ankylosing spondylitis risk variant alters osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Wu Fangyi , Han Xuling , Liu Jing , Zhang Zhenghua , Yan Kexiang , Wang Beilan , Yang Lin , Zou Hejian , Yang Chengde , Huang Wei , Jin Li , Wang Jiucun , Qian Feng , Niu Zhenmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether the variants in non MHC proteasome gene are associated with AS and explain the role of the variant in the disease.Material and methodsCase-control analysis to identify AS predisposition genes; dual-luciferase reporter assay, immunoblot analysis and osteoclastogenesis assays to detect the function of the positive variant. Affected individuals were diagnosed according to the modified New York Criteria by at least two experienced rheumatologists, and rechecked by another rheumatologist.ResultsThe study included 1037 AS patients and 1014 no rheumatic and arthritis disease controls. The main age of AS onset is between 16 and 35 years old. HLA-B27-positive subjects comprised 90.0% of patients. A nonsynonymous SNP rs12717 in proteasome gene PSMB1 significantly associated with AS. Individuals with CC genotype had a higher onset risk compared with those with GG/GC genotypes (OR = 1.89, P = 0.0047). We also discovered that PSMB1 regulates the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) signalling pathway and the disease-associated variant PSMB1-Pro11 significantly inhibits RANKL-induced NF-κB pathway in osteoclast differentiation via the degradation of IKK-β compared with PSMB1-Ala11. RANKL induced osteoclast differentiation was significantly lower in primary monocyte osteoclast precursor from individuals with genotype PSMB131C/31C compared with individuals with genotype PSMB131G/31G.ConclusionsThese results reveal a novel understanding of the bone formation and reabsorbing imbalance in AS. The new bone formation phenotype can be attributed to the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by a more functional PSMB1 gene.
The Lasting Labor-Market Effects of Cash Transfers: Evidence from South Africa’s Child Support Grant
Authors: Tondini Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Can unconditional cash transfers have long-term benefits for women’s employment in developing countries? This study exploits discontinuous exposure to the South African Child Support Grant for mothers whose children were born one year apart to identify the short- and long-term effects of a positive income shock of roughly $400 ($650 PPP in 2010). In the short term, there is a considerable increase in the probability of being active and looking for a job. Five years after receiving the transfer, mothers who benefited for one year are as likely to be employed as those who never received it; the type of occupation is also similar, other than a small decrease in work in the agricultural sector. Overall, the grant appears to facilitate job search for single mothers in the presence of high search costs, but does not significantly change job prospects.
Conscious awareness is necessary to assess trust and mimic facial expressions, while pupils impact trust unconsciously
Authors: Prochazkova E. , Venneker D. , de Zwart R. , Tamietto M. , Kret M. E. 
Published: September 2022

People make rapid inferences about others' thoughts and intentions. For example, they observe facial movements and pupil size of others and unwittingly make use of this information when deciding whether to trust someone or not. However, whether spontaneous mimicry depends on visual awareness of the stimulus and whether these processes underlie trust decisions is still unknown. To investigate whether visual awareness modulates the relationship between emotional expressions, mimicry and trust, participants played a series of trust games and saw either their partners’ faces with a neutral, happy or fearful expression, or their partners' eyes in which the pupil size was large, medium or small. Subjects' trust investments, facial movements and pupil responses were measured. In half of the trials, the stimuli were rendered invisible by continuous flash suppression. Results showed that facial expressions were mimicked and influenced trust decisions during the conscious condition, but not during the unconscious (suppressed) condition. The opposite was found for pupil size, which influenced trust decisions during states of unawareness. These results suggest that the neurobiological pathway linking the observation of facial expressions to mimicry and trust is predominantly conscious, whereas partner pupil size influences trust primarily when presented unconsciously.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
PERSPECTIVES FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT OF FELIDS IN INDIAN ZOOS
Authors: R Lakshminarasimha , Mallapur Gowri , Ghosh Sonali , Yadav Satya Prakash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe family: Felidae (hereafter referred to as felids) is among the commonly represented species in animal collections in Indian zoos. Of the globally recognised 45 species, 15 species (>30%) are housed in Indian zoos. Since 2007, the Central Zoo Authority has laid emphasis on ex situ conservation for seven threatened species by initiating planned breeding programmes.We investigated the demographics of felids housed in Indian zoos using data from CZA annual inventory records. Between 1995-96 and 2019-20, the population of large felids have remained stable with a mean growth rate (λ) of 1.01; whereas the population of small felids have a marginally higher mean growth rate (λ) of 1.03. We further use Sustainability-index analysis to investigate whether the observed growth patterns arise from intrinsic (i.e. births/deaths) or extrinsic (acquisition/disposal) factors.The management of felids in Indian zoos requires careful consideration of many factors including space, hybridisation, lack of pedigree knowledge, addition of wild-rescued specimens and colormorphs. We provide the first insights on how felids populations have fared at the family-level and species-level based on analysis of longitudinal data. The said analysis intends to inform plans to manage felid collections in Indian zoos. It should further present an outlook and also guide ongoing planned breeding programs of felids. Given the relatively large collection size and the corresponding conservation attention accorded to felids, our analysis will aid in setting priorities for collection planning, conservation education messaging, integration of in situ and ex situ efforts in the context of IUCN One Plan Approach.
Molecular and morphological analyses of the genus Episoriculus with the description of a new subgenus
Authors: Liu Yingxun , Wang Xuming , He Kai , Wan Tao , Liao Rui , Shunde Chen , Liu Shaoying , Yue Bisong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShrews in the genus Episoriculus are among the least known mammals in China. It occurs mainly in the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. We report the sequencing and analyses of one mitochondrial gene (Cyt b) and three nuclear genes (Apob, Brca1, and Rag2) for 77 specimens, and analyses of morphological measurements for 56 specimens. Phylogenetic and morphological studies answer three longstanding questions. First, Episoriculus sacratus and E. umbrinus are valid species, and not subspecies of E. caudatus. Second, Pseudosoriculus fumidus is a valid taxon that does not belong to the genus Episoriculus. Third, the genus Episoriculus has eight valid species: E. baileyi, E. caudatus, E. leucops, E. macrurus, E. sacratus, E. soluensis, Episoriculus sp., and E. umbrinus. Ultimately, we erected subgenus Longacauda subgen. nov. for morphologically distinct E. macrurus, which leaves the nominate subgenus Episoriculus with the remaining seven congeners.