bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Family Fear of Deportation Scale for youth
Authors: Cox Ronald B. , Lin Hua , Cartagena Maritza Jireh Leon , Greder Kimberly A. , Larzelere Robert E. , Washburn Isaac J. , Sahbaz Sumeyra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study reports on the psychometric properties of a new instrument to assess family fear of deportation in two versions (binary and polytomous response options).BackgroundThe impact of fear of deportation extends beyond foreign‐born youth to U.S. citizen children in families with unauthorized members, and negatively affects their academic achievement and their physical, mental, and behavioral health. A measure assessing levels of fear of deportation among youth is lacking.MethodsParticipants were first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant youth (N = 145 in Study 1 and N = 107 in Study 2). Item response theory (IRT), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation analysis, and reliability tests were used to assess the scale's psychometric properties.ResultsThe results supported a five‐item binary version and a six‐item polytomous version of the scale. Both demonstrated excellent model fit, good reliability, and criterion validity.ConclusionsThe six‐item polytomous version is slightly more parsimonious than the five‐item binary version scale, has better internal consistency, and captures a modestly wider range of the construct. The binary version may be preferable for immigrant youth who prefer straightforward response options.ImplicationsResearchers and practitioners can use either version of the Family Fear of Deportation Scale with confidence to assess deportation‐related fear among Latino immigrant youth.
Immune check‐point inhibitor‐related pneumonitis: acute lung injury with rapid progression and organising pneumonia with less severe clinical disease
Authors: Imran Saira , Golden Andrew , Feinstein Marc , Plodkowski Andrew , Bodd Francis , Rekhtman Natasha , Travis William D , Stover Diane E , Sauter Jennifer L 
Published: July 2022

AimsTo improve understanding of the pathology of immune check‐point inhibitor (ICI)‐related pneumonitis, clinical, radiographic and histopathological features and outcomes were investigated in a cohort of patients who were treatment‐naive before receiving ICI inhibition, who underwent lung biopsy, and in whom other potential causes of lung injury were excluded.MethodsPatients were retrospectively identified via searches of institutional pathology and clinical records. Patients treated with other modalities for cancer and patients with lung infections or other aetiologies that could cause pneumonitis were excluded. Clinical records were reviewed by pulmonologists. Imaging studies at presentation and follow‐up were reviewed by a thoracic radiologist. Pathology was reviewed by thoracic pathologists.ResultsSix patients with ICI‐related pneumonitis were identified. Two patients presented with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, diffuse ground glass opacities (GGOs) on chest computed tomography (CT) and acute lung injury (ALI) pattern on transbronchial lung biopsies and had fatal outcomes, despite treatment. The remaining four patients presented with less severe symptoms, predominantly consolidations and patchy ground glass and part solid opacities on chest CT, organising pneumonia (OP) or chronic interstitial inflammation histologically, and showed favourable responses to treatment and remission within months.ConclusionsThis study highlights two radiological–pathological patterns of ICI‐related pneumonitis with different behaviour: (1) severe respiratory symptoms and diffuse GGOs on imaging correlating with ALI pattern histologically and poor prognosis; and (2) mild respiratory symptoms and consolidations or patchy subsolid opacities on imaging correlating histologically with OP or chronic interstitial inflammation and good outcomes.
Potential of point of care tests for newborn screening for sickle cell disease: Evaluation of HemotypeSC™ and sickle SCAN® in Tanzania
Authors: Christopher Heavenlight , Josephat Emmanuel , Kaywanga Frida , Saul Sephord , Mshana Irene , Kunambi Peter , Nasser Ahlam , Chamba Clara , Makani Julie , Nkya Siana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is an important cause of <5 mortality. In Tanzania, it is estimated up to 11 000 children are born with SCD annually, making this the fifth country with the highest SCD annual births worldwide. The biggest challenge of expanding the service of newborn screening for SCD as the national health intervention in Tanzania is due to the high cost of the currently used assays and lack of rapid screening methods. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of point‐of‐care tests for SCD diagnosis in newborns.AimTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of HemotypeSC™ and sickle SCAN® in diagnosing SCD in newborns.MethodsDiagnostic accuracy of HemotypeSC™ and sickle SCAN® were evaluated in comparison to isoelectric focusing as a confirmatory method.ResultsA total of 706 newborns were enrolled in the study. The sensitivity and specificity of HemotypeSC in detecting Hb SS, Hb AS and Hb AA phonotypes was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of sickle SCAN® in detecting Hb SS, Hb AS and Hb AA phenotypes were 100%, 97% and 100% respectively.ConclusionBoth POC tests displayed high accuracy in detecting SCD, we believe the introduction of either of these tests in health facilities will help in the early detection and management of SCD. In addition, the margin of cost per test is relatively affordable (1.4$ per test for HemotypeSC™ and 4.75$ for sickle SCAN®).
Spot the Difference: Differentiated Co‐operation and Differentiated Integration in the European Union
Authors: Klose Stephan , Perot Elie , Temizisler Sevgi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe concept of differentiated integration (DI) has spawned a wide‐ranging research agenda that has significantly advanced scholarly understanding of the complex and often uneven process of European integration. Discussions about DI have suffered, however, from conceptual stretching as DI has been applied to an increasing number of EU policy areas, including those that function on the basis of intergovernmental co‐operation rather than supranational integration. To address this problem, we propose to distinguish between DI and differentiated co‐operation (DC) as two subtypes of differentiation, depending on whether such a phenomenon occurs in a policy area that operates along the lines of integration or co‐operation respectively. We illustrate the usefulness of this conceptualization by applying it to the cases of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). We conclude by highlighting avenues for further research that the distinction between DI and DC suggests.
Residential building flood damage: Insights on processes and implications for risk assessments
Authors: Paulik Ryan , Wild Alec , Zorn Conrad , Wotherspoon Liam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlood damage assessments provide critical insights on processes controlling building damage and loss. Here, we present a novel damage assessment approach to develop an empirical residential building damage database from five flood events in New Zealand. Object‐level damage data was collected for flood hazard and building characteristics, along with relative building component and sub‐components damage ratios. A Random Forest Model and Spearman's Rank correlation test were applied to analyse damage data variable importance and monotonic relationships. Model and test results reveal flood inundation depth above first finished floor level is highly important and strongly correlated with total building damage ratios while flow velocity is important for structure component damage. Internal finishes components contribute highly to total building damage ratios as higher value sub‐component materials are susceptible to direct damage from water contact and indirect damage during repair. The empirical damage data has several implications for damage model development due to the limited heterogeneity of flood hazard intensities and building attributes observed. Extending empirical damage data with synthetic damage data in future would support development of more representative object‐specific damage models to evaluate direct tangible damages for local contexts.
Hand hygiene practices in Caribbean and Latin American countries: An integrative review
Authors: Delva Sabianca , Marseille Beatrice , Foronda Cynthia L. , Solomon A’ Yanna , Pfaff Teresa , Baptiste Diana‐Lyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAim and objectiveTo explore what is known about knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that influence hand hygiene practices in in low‐ and middle‐income Caribbean and Latin American countries.BackgroundWith the emergence of infectious diseases such as the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, handwashing is key to preventing communicable diseases as they disproportionately affect populations in low‐income countries. While hand hygiene is known to be the single most effective method for avoiding the transmission of infection, little is known about the beliefs and practices of individuals in these regions.MethodsFollowing PRISMA 2020 Checklist, an integrative review of studies published from 2008–2020 was conducted (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). Whittemore and Knafl's method was used to review the literature. Six databases were searched, and the Johns Hopkins Evidence Based Rating Scale was used for study appraisal.ResultsThe review yielded 18 studies conducted across Latin America. Poor handwashing practices are influenced by various factors including inadequate education and training, cultural beliefs, lack of resources and substandard government regulations. Communicable diseases and other diarrheal illnesses were highly prevalent, especially after a major disease outbreak.ConclusionFuture post‐disaster campaigns aimed at improving hand hygiene and handwashing practices should focus on beliefs and attitudes to affect behaviour change since there was a higher disease susceptibility during those times. Barriers to proper hand hygiene include false attitudes such as, washing hands only after touching bodily fluids/patient contact or not washing hands at all after open defecation.Relevance to clinical practiceResearchers working with populations in Latin America and the Caribbean should partner with local community health workers to improve compliance to recommended hand hygiene practices.
The “teacher” and martial arts: A psychobiographical analysis of Jack Ma as a business change agent
Authors: Yueyu Shu , Xia Xie , Xinyu Zhang , Wucheng Li , Yang Xiao , Shuyi Liao , Runzhi Wei , Zeyu Wang , Jiyuan Zhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveScholars have conducted in‐depth research on social change agents, but there are few collaborative studies in this realm between sociology and psychology. From the perspective of psychobiography, this before study uses Jung's Analytical Psychology as a theoretical framework to explore Jack Ma's influence on business change, thereby revealing the deep motivation behind Jack Ma's sudden retirement and choice to be a teacher.MethodThis study has collected primary and secondary data about Jack Ma. QSR Nvivo 11.0 was used to encode the text based on video transcription, and then the data were analyzed. This study refers to the key factors of growth and follows the primary indicators of psychological saliency to sort out the data and find out what has special psychological significance, and then conducts three coding processes.ResultsThis study found that the teacher complex and the martial arts complex are the breakthrough points to understand the business innovator Jack Ma.ConclusionJack Ma shapes the image of ordinary teachers through his image management strategy, conceals his deep internal martial arts complex, and balances the displayed martial arts personality mask. He has achieved great success in business innovator, while drawing on his internal personality conflicts to his advantage.
Neural correlates of N‐back task performance and proposal for corresponding neuromodulation targets in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Mencarelli Lucia , Romanella Sara M. , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Demchenko Ilya , Bhat Venkat , Rossi Simone , Santarnecchi Emiliano 
Published: July 2022

AimWorking memory (WM) deficit represents the most common cognitive impairment in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, making the identification of its neural substrates a crucial step towards the conceptualization of restorative interventions. We present a meta‐analysis focusing on neural activations associated with the most commonly used task to measure WM, the N‐back task, in patients with schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Showing qualitative similarities and differences in WM processing between patients and healthy controls, we propose possible targets for cognitive enhancement approaches.MethodsSelected studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, were analyzed through the activation likelihood estimate statistical framework, with subsequent generation of disorder‐specific N‐back activation maps.ResultsDespite similar WM deficits shared across all disorders, results highlighted different brain activation patterns for each disorder compared with healthy controls. In general, results showed brain activity in frontal, parietal, subcortical, and cerebellar regions; however, reduced engagement of specific nodes of the fronto‐parietal network emerged in patients compared with healthy controls. In particular, neither bipolar nor depressive disorders showed detectable activations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, while their parietal activation patterns were lateralized to the left and right hemispheres, respectively. On the other hand, patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed a lack of activation in the left parietal lobe, whereas patients with schizophrenia showed lower activity over the left prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThese results, together with biophysical modeling, were then used to discuss the design of future disorder‐specific cognitive enhancement interventions based on noninvasive brain stimulation.
Sustained zeaxanthin‐dependent thermal dissipation is induced by desiccation and low temperatures in the fern Polypodium virginianum
Authors: Putzier Catherine C. , Polich Sidney B. , Verhoeven Amy S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesiccation and low temperatures inhibit photosynthetic carbon reduction and, in combination with light, result in severe oxidative stress, thus, tolerant organisms must utilize enhanced photoprotective mechanisms to prevent damaging reactions from occurring. We sought to characterize the desiccation tolerance of the fern Polypodium virginianum and to assess the role of the xanthophyll cycle and sustained forms of thermal dissipation in its response to desiccation, as well as to low temperatures during winter. Our results demonstrate that P. virginianum is desiccation‐tolerant and that it increases its utilization of sustained forms of zexanthin (Z)‐dependent thermal dissipation in response to desiccation and low temperatures during winter. Experiments with detached fronds were conducted in dark and natural light conditions and demonstrated that some dark‐formation of Z occurs in this species. In addition, desiccation in the light resulted in more pronounced declines in maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and higher Z levels than desiccation in the dark, indicating a substantial fraction of the sustained reduction in Fv/Fm is due to Z‐dependent sustained dissipation. Recovery from desiccation and from low temperatures exhibited biphasic kinetics with a more rapid phase (1–4 h), which was accompanied by an increase in minimal fluorescence yield (Fo) but no change in Z, and a slower phase (up to 24 h) correlating with reconversion of Z to violaxanthin. These data suggest that two mechanisms of sustained thermal dissipation occur in response to desiccation and low temperatures, possibly corresponding to sustained forms of the energy‐dependent and zeaxanthin‐dependent mechanisms of dynamic thermal dissipation.
Mars is a mirror – Understanding the Pahrump Hills mudstones from a perspective of Earth analogues
Authors: Schieber Juergen , Bohacs Kevin M. , Coleman Max , Bish David , Reed Mark H , Thompson Lucy , Rapin William , Yawar Zalmai 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMudstone‐dominated lacustrine strata in the Pahrump Hills area of Gale Crater, Mars, have the most extensive data set of physical and geochemical observations yet collected. Although sparse by Earth standards, a source‐to‐sink portrayal of the sedimentary system that differs substantially from previous work has been extracted by integrating sedimentology, stratigraphy, mineral and elemental analyses, geochemical modelling, laboratory experiments and Earth analogues in a sequence‐stratigraphic and palaeogeographical framework. Approximately 3.5 Ga, these 15 m thick strata contain five facies that range from fine to coarse detrital mudstone with abundant sediment‐incorporative evaporite pseudomorphs. The section is dominated by first‐cycle grains of minimally weathered primary igneous minerals but with four distinct compositions. Bedding in the mudstones comprises planar‐parallel beds, current ripples and wave‐induced structures, with common and widespread truncation. The absence of primary desiccation and synaeresis cracks is probably due to minimal clay‐mineral content, as supported by laboratory experiments. Evaporite minerals formed on and within detrital muds shortly after accumulation by evapoconcentration and cooling. The succession contains 16 parasequences in five depositional sequences with all the sequence‐stratigraphic elements known from terrestrial strata. Two of the sequence boundaries are unconformities that record significant shifts in the behaviour and palaeogeographical configuration of the fluvio‐lacustrine system. This contrasts with the previous view that all facies are genetically related. Most of the variability in rock composition can be attributed to stratigraphic changes in provenance that integrate changing drainage basin configurations, type of exposed bedrock and changes in weathering regime. These strata are interpreted as evaporative lake deposits that accumulated in an underfilled lake basin with closed surface hydrography but through‐flowing groundwater. Lake waters were saline to hypersaline, and lake levels, shorelines and salinities fluctuated greatly at various temporal scales.
The Fossil Fishes of the “Rocha” Collection Housed in the Museu Nacional and the Types Described by Jordan & Branner in 1908
Authors: Polck Márcia Reis , Silva Marcia Cristina , Ximenes Celso Lira , Carvalho Luciana Barbosa de , Monteiro Felipe Augusto Correia 
Published: July 2022

In 1908, D.S. Jordan J.C. Branner described the following species of fossil fishes from the Araripe Basin: Calamopleurus vestitus, Cearana rochae, Enneles audax, and Tharrias araripis. Such material of the “Rocha Collection”, that was made by Francisco Dias da Rocha (1869-1960), were passed on to the Government of the State of Ceará. In 1961, Carlos de Paula Couto, negotiated the donation of the paleontological collections for the Museu Nacional. We review herein the history of the fossil fishes of the “Rocha Collection” that was housed in the Museu Nacional in, with an emphasis on type material. The documents and literature were consulted, and the fossil fishes were examined and photographed. This material corresponds to 12 catalogue numbers, three of which are replicas of the type- material housed in the Department of Geology, California Academy of Sciences, in California. The remaining nine numbers encompass 27 specimens referring to original material. The represented taxa are: Vinctifer comptoni, Notelops brama, Cladocyclus gardneri, Rhacolepis buccalis, Tharrhias araripis, and Brannerion sp. The only type material found was Cearana rochae, currently a synonym of Tharrhias araripis. This historical rescue of the “Rocha” collection type material will facilitate the investigation of researchers studying the paleoichthyofauna of the Araripe Basin.
On the Solution of the Reynolds Equation for Slider-Bearing Lubrication—VIII: The Optimum Slider Profile for Viscosity a Function of the Pressure
Authors: Charnes A. , Osterle F. , Saibel E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Treating viscosity as a function of pressure, the problem of determining the optimum slider profile from the standpoint of load-supporting capacity is solved for the case of isothermal flow, and is discovered to yield the same profile as Rayleigh found assuming constant viscosity. It is shown how the increase in load-supporting capacity resulting from viscosity variation may be calculated.
Studies in Cold-Drawing: Part 1—Effect of Cold-Drawing on Steel
Authors: Majors H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the study of cold-drawing SAE 1020 steel rod various amounts up to a true reduction in area of 0.76, several properties were obtained such as hardness, torsion, and tension. Residual stresses were measured and the microstructure was examined. The effect of the amount of reduction and the direction of drawing per pass (defined as sequence in drawing) on the various properties was determined. Some exploratory work was conducted on the influence of prior cold work and fatigue-stressing on the brittle transition temperature. Effects of size, machining, and time after cold work upon the tension and torsion properties were observed. Cold-drawing is compared with cold-rolling. Part 2 consists of studies in cold-drawing 2S-O aluminum, while Part 3 discusses some measurements on the coefficient of friction.
Studies in Cold-Drawing: Part 2—Cold-Working 2S-O Aluminum
Authors: Majors H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This is a study in the cold-working of 2S-O aluminum up to a true reduction in rod area of 0.76 by drawing through conical dies of 1 deg half-angle. Various properties were obtained such as true stress-strain diagrams in tension, hardness, conventional shear stress-strain diagrams, and the distribution of the residual stresses. The effect of the amount of reduction and the direction of drawing per pass (defined as sequence in drawing) on the properties were determined. Some fatigue data are reported. Drawing loads and ratios of yield strengths in torsion to tension are reported. Part 3 discusses some measurements on the coefficient of friction.