bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinnamaldehyde Regulates the Generation of γ‐aminobutyric Acid to Exert Sedation via Irreversible Inhibition of ENO1 in the Cerebellar Granular Layer
Authors: Ma Xiaoyao , Liu Kaixin , Han Yiman , Bai Yongping , Shen Fukui , Wang Mukuo , Wei Wei , Qin Jianfeng , Hao Erwei , Hou Xiaotao , Hou Yuanyuan , Bai Gang 
Published: March 2022

ScopeGlutamate (Glu) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters that control information flow in the brain. GABA dysfunction is a general vulnerability factor for mental illness. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is found to have sedation in a mental illness model. However, the specific targets and molecular mechanisms related to the sedative effects of CA have not been elucidated.Methods and ResultsMetabolomics analysis and target fishing showed CA could increase the expression of GABA in vivo, and α‐enolase (ENO1) is the primary target protein of CA associated with sedation. CA mainly binds with ENO1 in the cerebellar granular layer of brain, which influences the first transformations of the input signals arriving in the cerebellar cortex. The α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde group of CA blocks the hydroxy group of Ser40, which induces a loss in ENO1 activation. CA also disturbs the glycolysis pathway and influences the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which activate gluconeogenesis to provide energy to the brain. This mechanism is verified in zebrafish with ENO1 or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) deficiency.ConclusionsCA demonstrates sedation and alleviates GABA dysfunction via covalent binding ENO1, which shows the potential to improve the therapy of mental illness.
Demonstration of fast and equilibrium human muscle creatine CEST imaging at 3 T
Authors: Liu Zhou , Yang Qian , Luo Honghong , Luo Dehong , Qian Long , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Sun Phillip Zhe , Wu Yin 
Published: March 2022

PurposeCreatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) MRI is used increasingly in muscle imaging. However, the CrCEST measurement depends on the RF saturation duration (Ts) and relaxation delay (Td), and it is challenging to compare the results of different scan parameters. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS) CrCEST MRI on clinical 3T scanners.MethodsT1 and CEST MRI scans of Ts/Td of 1 s/1 s and 2 s/2 s were obtained from a multi‐compartment creatine phantom and 5 healthy volunteers. The CrCEST effect was quantified with asymmetry analysis in the phantom, whereas 5‐pool Lorentzian fitting was applied to isolate creatine from phosphocreatine, amide proton transfer, combined magnetization transfer and nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects, and direct water saturation in four major muscle groups of the lower leg. The routine and QUASS CrCEST measurements were compared under two different imaging conditions. Paired Student's t‐test was performed with p‐values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsThe phantom study showed a substantial influence of Ts/Td on the routine CrCEST quantification (p = 0.02), and such impact was mitigated with the QUASS algorithm (p = 0.20). The volunteer experiment showed that the routine CrCEST, amide proton transfer, and combined magnetization transfer and nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects increased significantly with Ts and Td (p < 0.05) and were significantly smaller than the corresponding QUASS indices (p < 0.01). In comparison, the QUASS CrCEST MRI showed little dependence on Ts and Td, indicating its robustness and accuracy.ConclusionThe QUASS CrCEST MRI is feasible to provide fast and accurate muscle creatine imaging.
Nonprofit organization communication, crisis planning, and strategic responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fuller Ryan P. , Rice Ronald E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonprofit organizations have somewhat different foci, contexts, and resources than typical for‐profit organizations, so may have experienced and responded to COVID‐19 in ways not covered in traditional corporate research. We investigate the influence of nonprofit organizations' communication support and use, crisis experience and preparation, and extent and impacts of COVID‐19 on their strategic responses to the crisis (from retrenchment to perseverance to innovation). Our study is a longitudinal panel survey conducted with 578 U.S. public charities, once before the pandemic and the other 6 months into it. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the sample, and hierarchical regressions to assess the influences on strategic responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. A major finding is that communication with external stakeholders predicted organizations' abilities to maintain core activities (perseverance) during a crisis and to pivot (innovating) on mission delivery. Practical applications for nonprofit organizations are addressed, with particular attention to COVID‐19.
Longitudinal relationship of baseline functional brain networks with intentional weight loss in older adults
Authors: Burdette Jonathan H. , Bahrami Mohsen , Laurienti Paul J. , Simpson Sean L. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Fanning Jason , Rejeski W. Jack 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether the degree of weight loss after 6 months of a behavior‐based intervention is related to baseline connectivity within two functional networks (FNs) of interest, FN1 and FN2, in a group of older adults with obesity.MethodsBaseline functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected following an overnight fast in 71 older adults with obesity involved in a weight‐loss intervention. Functional brain networks in a resting state and during a food‐cue task were analyzed using a mixed‐regression framework to examine the relationships between baseline networks and 6‐month change in weight.ResultsDuring the resting condition, the relationship of baseline brain functional connectivity and network clustering in FN1, which includes the visual cortex and sensorimotor areas, was significantly associated with 6‐month weight loss. During the food‐cue condition, 6‐month weight loss was significantly associated with the relationship between baseline brain connectivity and network global efficiency in FN2, which includes executive control, attention, and limbic regions.ConclusionThese findings provide further insight into complex functional circuits in the brain related to successful weight loss and may ultimately aid in developing tailored behavior‐based treatment regimens that target specific brain circuitry.
Scoping the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals working with people with primary brain tumor and their families
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Lion Katarzyna , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Pike Kerryn , Koh Eng‐Siew , Halkett Georgia K. B. , Pinkham Mark B. , Chan Raymond J. , Dhillon Haryana M. ,   for the BRAINS Program Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to scope the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals providing supportive care to adults with primary brain tumor.MethodHealth professionals from multidisciplinary organizations and cancer support services completed an online survey focused on psychological support for people with brain tumor (PwBT) and family members, and perceived barriers or gaps in support provision.Results107 professionals, mainly from psychology (45%), nursing (20%), and social work (10%) backgrounds, completed the survey. Scope of practice differed according to discipline, with psychologists and nurses most likely to screen for psychological distress (71%–76%), and psychologists more typically providing at least one psychological support session (78%). Psychologists were more likely to screen for cognitive impairment (31%), whereas nurses and social workers more commonly provided family‐based support (62%–73%). Psychological support was more frequently provided in the long‐term management phase (78%) than early post‐diagnosis/treatment (45%). System‐level barriers to accessing psychological support were most frequently identified, which included limited resources and funding, insufficient staff time, lengthy waitlists and costs, poor service coordination, and lack of staff with brain tumor‐specific training.ConclusionsThe provision of psychological support for PwBT varies according to discipline, setting and management phase. Further research on different models of psychosocial care is needed to inform strategies to address organizational and policy factors impacting professionals' scope of practice.
The effects of thiamethoxam on coffee seedling morphophysiology and Neotropical leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) infestations
Authors: Leite Suzany A , Guedes Raul Narciso C , da Costa Daniela R , Colmenarez Yelitza C , Matsumoto Sylvana N , dos Santos Mateus P , Coelho Beatriz S , Moreira Aldenise A , Castellani Maria A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the main commodities produced in Brazil. Insecticides like the (systemic) neonicotinoid thiamethoxam are widely used to suppress pest populations during coffee production, in particular the Neotropical leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella Guérin‐Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). In addition to its efficacy against this pest species, thiamethoxam is also thought to be a bioactivator of plant metabolism, but has not yet been tested for such activity. Thus, the objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the concentration‐response effects of thiamethoxam on the vegetative vigor of coffee seedlings (C. arabica ‘Catuaí 144’ cultivar) at different concentrations [2, 20, 40, 80 and 200 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg−1] applied via soil drenching and (2) to evaluate if the plant response interferes with the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in controlling leaf miner populations. The morphophysiological traits of the coffee seedlings were evaluated 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after application, and leaf miner infestations were recorded starting 20 days after the insecticide application with the releasing of adults, and every 20 days afterwards.RESULTSThe results indicated that thiamethoxam has a deleterious effect on the morphophysiological traits of the plants compromising their development with increase in concentrations. However, leaf area exhibited a different pattern with a peak at 50 mg a.i. kg−1 consistent with thiamethoxam‐induced hormesis (i.e. biphasic response with stimulatory effect at sublethal range of a toxic substance at the higher concentration). Nonetheless, such bioactivator effect did not affect thiamethoxan effectiveness against the leaf miner even at the lowest concentration tested.CONCLUSIONThiamethoxan exhibited bioactivation effect on leaf at low concentration, but without compromising efficacy against leaf miner populations. Therefore, its proposed metabolism‐boosting properties may encourage the unnecessary use of this insecticide, potentially leading to higher selection for insecticide resistance and an eventual decline in its effectiveness against the Neotropical leaf miner. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reducing the spin‐up of a regional NWP system without data assimilation
Authors: Short Chris J. , Petch Jon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn both operational and research settings, kilometre‐scale regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are often initialised by interpolating analyses from a global modelling system on to the finer regional grid. When initialised in this way (known as a cold start), the first few hours of the forecast are characterised by a rapid growth of precipitation as the system develops convective‐scale structures. This is the well‐known spin‐up problem. Spin‐up effects limit the utility of cold‐start models for short‐range forecasting of severe weather events and model development activities. In this article, we present a method for reducing the spin‐up of regional NWP models, without data assimilation (DA). The basis of our method is periodically to insert large‐scale information from global model analyses into a continuously cycling regional model, thus updating the large scales whilst preserving fine‐scale structures. We refer to this as a warm start. Our method is tested in a regional model over Darwin, for a 10‐week period in the 2016/2017 wet season. It is shown that warm‐starting indeed reduces the spin‐up of precipitation significantly in the first 6–12 hr of the forecast compared with cold‐starting. Full objective verification against both radar and satellite observations reveals that precipitation forecast skill is also improved during this time. In addition, the large scales remain closer to global analyses (taken as a best guess of reality) than in a free‐running model in which the large scales are updated only via the lateral boundary conditions. Our warm‐start technique thus provides a considerable improvement on standard cold‐starting and could also be integrated into a regional modelling system with full convective‐scale DA as a means of reducing analysis errors on large scales.
Optimal periodic switching strategy for a two‐unit warm standby degradation system
Authors: Bai Senyang , Jia Xiang , Cheng Zhijun , Guo Bo , Zhao Qian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the traditional switching policy of a standby system, the standby unit is switched to the normal operation state only after the active unit fails. In contrast, in satellite engineering, a new periodic switching strategy is used by technicians in the satellite gyroscope standby system. Due to the performance degradation of the gyroscope in the long‐term operation and standby process, satellites may fail on orbit. For this problem, an operation optimization model is established for a two‐unit warm standby degradation system considering the periodic switching strategy. First, the degradation process of the units is described by a multiphase Wiener process. Second, based on the first‐hitting time theory, the analytic expressions of reliability and mean time to failure (MTTF) of the degradation system are derived. Third, the optimal periodic switching interval is determined to maximize the system MTTF by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Finally, a numerical example of a gyroscope warm standby subsystem is provided to validate the proposed model.
Marginal, conditional, and pseudo likelihood ratio approaches for biomarker combination to predict a binary disease outcome
Authors: Liu Danping , Han Yongli , Liu Aiyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is a common practice in public health research that multiple biomarkers are collected to diagnose or predict a disease outcome. A natural question is how to combine multiple biomarkers to improve the diagnostic accuracy. It has been shown by Neyman‐Pearson lemma that the likelihood ratio statistic achieves the optimal AUC in theory. However, practical difficulty often lies in the estimation of the multivariate density functions. We propose three novel methods for the biomarker combination, with the idea of breaking down the joint densities to a series of univariate densities. The marginal likelihood ratio approach only assumes the marginal distribution of each biomarker. While the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) and pseudo likelihood ratio (PLR) approaches assume the conditional distributions of a marker given others, and hence make use of the correlation structure to estimate the combination rules. The proposed methods make it much easier to assume and validate the univariate distributions of a biomarker than making multivariate distributional assumptions. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the CLR and the PLR approaches outperform many existing methods, and are therefore recommended for practical use. The proposed methods are motivated by and applied to a biomarker study to diagnose childhood autism/autism spectrum disorder.
Mixed‐type multivariate response regression with covariance estimation
Authors: Ekvall Karl Oskar , Molstad Aaron J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose a new method for multivariate response regression and covariance estimation when elements of the response vector are of mixed types, for example some continuous and some discrete. Our method is based on a model which assumes the observable mixed‐type response vector is connected to a latent multivariate normal response linear regression through a link function. We explore the properties of this model and show its parameters are identifiable under reasonable conditions. We impose no parametric restrictions on the covariance of the latent normal other than positive definiteness, thereby avoiding assumptions about unobservable variables which can be difficult to verify in practice. To accommodate this generality, we propose a novel algorithm for approximate maximum likelihood estimation that works “off‐the‐shelf” with many different combinations of response types, and which scales well in the dimension of the response vector. Our method typically gives better predictions and parameter estimates than fitting separate models for the different response types and allows for approximate likelihood ratio testing of relevant hypotheses such as independence of responses. The usefulness of the proposed method is illustrated in simulations; and one biomedical and one genomic data example.
Kreislaufwirtschaft im Stahl‐ und Metallleichtbau
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Pyschny Dominik , Bartsch Helen , Richter Carl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Prinzipien der Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bausektor hat großen Einfluss auf die globalen klimapolitischen Ziele und besitzt großes Potenzial, die Umweltauswirkungen der Herstellung von Bauprodukten und die Abhängigkeit von nicht erneuerbaren natürlichen Ressourcen zu reduzieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Strategien zur Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeit und Kreislaufwirtschaft im Allgemeinen und in Bezug auf das Bauwesen. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Beispiele und Initiativen beschrieben, die sich mit der Umsetzung dieser Strategien im Stahl‐ und Metallleichtbau beschäftigen. Insbesondere sind dies die Ressourceneffizienz, die Wiederverwendung sowie das Bauen im und mit dem Bestand.
High Performance Study of Lithium Carboxymethylcellulose as Water‐Soluble Binder for Lithium Supplementation in Lithium Batteries
Authors: Qiu Lei , Yang Wen , Hu XueBu , Li WenSheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing cotton and lithium ethoxide as raw materials, carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC‐Li) is synthesized and obtained , and it is used as a water‐based binder in the negative electrode of lithium batteries. The synthesis method of a new type of CMC‐Li is mainly studied as a lithium battery negative material binder, and water is used as a dispersant to assemble a battery and the relevant electrochemical performance is tested. CMC‐Li as a lithium‐replenishing binder for lithium batteries has better electrochemical performance. It can reduce the internal resistance of the battery by about 10%, significantly improve the phenomenon of lithium precipitation, the redox peak is reduced by 50% to 0.20 V, and the impedance is also significantly improved, reducing by more than 50%. Under the same conditions, the cycle period can reach 2500 circles, the lifespan is increased by more than 20%, and the effect of lithium supplementation is obvious. It shows that CMC‐Li as a binder can greatly increase the content of lithium ions in the entire lithium battery, and improve the ion conductivity and ion conduction rate, which further verifies the advantages of lithium‐replenishing binders.
Empirische Ergebnisse
Authors: Lütters Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Anschluss an die theoretische und empirische Auseinandersetzung wurde in den vorherigen Kapiteln der Wert politisch relevanter Netzwerke konzeptualisiert, Daten zu deren Messung erhoben und diese für die statistische Analyse aufbereitet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden nun die zentralen Annahmen dieser Untersuchung getestet, wobei bezugnehmend auf das einleitende Zitat von einem erweiterten Matthäus-Effekt ausgegangen wird. Wesentlich wird erwartet, dass die unterschiedliche Netzwerkeinbindung differenzieller Statusgruppen politische Beteiligungsunterschiede bedingt und sonach soziale Verzerrungen im politischen Sektor erklärt. Zur statistischen Überprüfung dieser Grundannahmen werden zunächst deskriptive Ergebnisse erörtert, die unter anderem als Ausgangspunkt für die nachfolgende hypothesentestende Untersuchung fungieren.
RG of GR from on-shell amplitudes
Authors: Baratella Pietro , Haslehner Dominik , Ruhdorfer Maximilian , Serra Javi , Weiler Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the renormalization group of generic effective field theories that include gravity. We follow the on-shell amplitude approach, which provides a simple and efficient method to extract anomalous dimensions avoiding complications from gauge redundancies. As an invaluable tool we introduce a modified helicity $$ \tilde{h} $$

h
˜

under which gravitons carry one unit instead of two. With this modified helicity we easily explain old and uncover new non-renormalization theorems for theories including gravitons. We provide complete results for the one-loop gravitational renormalization of a generic minimally coupled gauge theory with scalars and fermions and all orders in MPl, as well as for the renormalization of dimension-six operators including at least one graviton, all up to four external particles.
NNLO positivity bounds on chiral perturbation theory for a general number of flavours
Authors: Alvarez Benjamin , Bijnens Johan , Sjö Mattias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present positivity bounds, derived from the principles of analyticity, unitarity and crossing symmetry, that constrain the low-energy constants of chiral perturbation theory. Bounds are produced for 2, 3 or more flavours in meson-meson scattering with equal meson masses, up to and including next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO), using the second and higher derivatives of the amplitude. We enhance the bounds by using the most general isospin combinations posible (or higher-flavour counterparts thereof) and by analytically integrating the low-energy range of the discontinuities. In addition, we present a powerful and general mathematical framework for efficiently managing large numbers of positivity bounds.
A COMBINATORIAL TRANSLATION PRINCIPLE AND DIAGRAM COMBINATORICS FOR THE GENERAL LINEAR GROUP
Authors: TANGE R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. We compute the Weyl filtration multiplicities in indecomposable tilting modules and the decomposition numbers for the general linear group over k in terms of cap diagrams under the assumption that p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the partitions involved. Then we introduce and study the rational Schur functor from a category of GLn-modules to the category of modules for the walled Brauer algebra. As a corollary, we obtain the decomposition numbers for the walled Brauer algebra when p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the partitions involved. This is a sequel to an earlier paper on the symplectic group and the Brauer algebra.