bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Liquids in Double-Pipe Fin-Tube Exchangers
Authors: De Lorenzo B. , Anderson E. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents data on the fin side of standard commercial-size longitudinally finned double-pipe exchangers. Three fin-tube sizes were investigated in heating and cooling for both heat transfer and pressure drop. The data indicate that the transition between laminar and turbulent flow begins at R &lt; 400 for both heat transfer and pressure drop, corroborating results reported by previous investigators. Methods of evaluating heat-transfer coefficients and pressure drop for liquids inside tubes are applicable for liquids in the fin side of finned double-pipe exchangers. For values of R up to 4000 (approximately), recommended curves for fin-side heat transfer give higher coefficients than the values obtained, by the procedure outlined by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association for liquids flowing in tubes. A method is presented for determining the weighted average temperature of the outside surface of the fin tube to be used in evaluating μw in the viscosity gradient correction μ/μw.
Dimethyl-Silicone-Polymer Fluids and Their Performance Characteristics in Unilaterally Loaded Journal Bearings
Authors: Brophy J. E. , Militz R. O. , Zisman W. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This investigation concerns the practicability of using the dimethyl silicone polymer fluids as lubricants in unilaterally loaded journal-bearing machines. A specially designed bearing machine was used having forced-feed lubrication up to pressures of 26 psi. It was operated at a speed of 1725 rpm, and the oil-sump temperatures varied from 115 to 130 F, while the bearing temperatures varied from 150 to 240 F. Plain or chrome-plated high-carbon-steel shafts were used in conjunction with bearings of copper-lead, bronze, tin-base babbitt, cast iron, commercial brass, aluminum (17S), copper and Alfin metal. Cast-iron or steel bearings used in conjunction with steel journals were entirely unsatisfactory when lubricated with the silicone fluid. All of the nonferrous bearings performed satisfactorily with the silicone fluid. It was found that an organic silicon-containing film was formed during the long, slow, break-in process. The need for such a long break-in could be eliminated by the application of a technique of pretreating or lacquering the bearings with silicone oil before assembling the test machine. The method of pretreatment is described briefly. It was also discovered that such pretreated bearings were able to carry much higher than normal loads when operated in contact with petroleum lubricating oil.
Incidence and epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in relation to the HIV epidemic in South Africa: a 25-year analysis of the National Cancer Registry (1994–2018)
Authors: Stuart Kelsey Vernon , Shepherd Daniel John , Lombard Amy , Hollhumer Roland , Muchengeti Mazvita 
Published: December 2022

AimsTo describe the incidence and epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in South Africa over a 25-year period (1994–2018), with particular reference to the HIV epidemic.MethodsIncident cases of histologically diagnosed CSCC were identified from the pathology-based South African National Cancer Registry. Crude and direct age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 persons (Segi World Standard Population) were calculated using national population statistics and compared by age, sex and ethnicity. Trends in the incidence and demographic features of CSCC were described and analysed. Incidence rates were compared with national HIV-related statistics for the same time period.ResultsIn total, there were 9016 reported CSCC cases (women: 56.6%, black: 86.8%, mean age: 41.5 years). The overall ASIR was 0.78 per 100 000. Two distinct epidemiological patterns were identified: (1) older white men, and (2) younger black women. There was a sixfold increase in CSCC incidence rates between 1994 and 2009 with a corresponding shift from the first to the second disease profile. Despite rising HIV seroprevalence, CSCC incidence rates have declined since 2009. A strong ecological correlation (r=0.96) between CSCC incidence and widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) provision was identified.ConclusionThis study highlights the evolving trends and disease burden of CSCC in South Africa. Widespread ART provision is ecologically correlated with declining CSCC rates over the last decade. These findings are in keeping with reported trends for other HIV-related cancers and have important implications for future incidence studies and public health policy.
Risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Di , Liang Gui-Hong , Pan Jian-Ke , Zeng Ling-Feng , Luo Ming-Hui , Huang He-Tao , Han Yan-Hong , Lin Fang-Zheng , Xu Nan-Jun , Yang Wei-Yi , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe primary aim was to evaluate risk factors for surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The secondary aim was to investigate the surgical site infection incidence rate and the mean time to postoperative surgical site infection symptoms.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from database inception to September 2021 and updated in April 2022.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative, original studies reporting potential risk factors for surgical site infections after ACLR were included.ResultsTwenty-three studies with 3871 infection events from 469 441 ACLRs met the inclusion criteria. Male sex (OR 1.78, p< 0.00001), obesity (OR 1.82, p=0.0005), tobacco use (OR 1.37, p=0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.40, p=0.002), steroid use history (OR 4.80, p<0.00001), previous knee surgery history (OR 3.63, p=0.02), professional athlete (OR 4.56, p=0.02), revision surgery (OR 2.05, p=0.04), hamstring autografts (OR 2.83, p<0.00001), concomitant lateral extra-articular tenodesis (OR 3.92, p=0.0001) and a long operating time (weighted mean difference 8.12, p=0.005) were identified as factors that increased the risk of surgical site infections (superficial and deep) after ACLR. Age, outpatient or inpatient surgery, bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts or allografts and a concomitant meniscus suture did not increase the risk of surgical site infections. The incidence of surgical site infections after ACLR was approximately 1% (95% CI 0.7% to 1.2%). The mean time from surgery to the onset of surgical site infection symptoms was approximately 17.1 days (95% CI 13.2 to 21.0 days).ConclusionMale sex, obesity, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, steroid use history, previous knee surgery history, professional athletes, revision surgery, hamstring autografts, concomitant lateral extra-articular tenodesis and a long operation time may increase the risk of surgical site infections after ACLR. Although the risk of surgical site infections after ACLR is low, raising awareness and implementing effective preventions for risk factors are priorities for clinicians to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections due to its seriousness.
Incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games held during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 66 045 athlete days
Authors: Derman Wayne , Runciman Phoebe , Eken Maaike , Boer Pieter-Henk , Blauwet Cheri , Bogdos Manos , Idrisova Guzel , Jordaan Esme , Kissick James , LeVan Philipe , Lexell Jan , Mohammadi Fariba , Patricio Marcelo , Schwellnus Martin , Webborn Nick , Willick Stuart E , Yagishita Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures.MethodsDaily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence and burden were reported for all illnesses and in subgroups by sex, age, competition period, sports and physiological system.Results4403 athletes (1853 female and 2550 male) from 162 countries were monitored for the 15-day period of the Tokyo Paralympic Games (66 045 athlete days). The overall incidence of illnesses per 1000 athlete days was 4.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.8; 280 illnesses). The highest incidences were in wheelchair tennis (7.1), shooting (6.1) and the new sport of badminton (5.9). A higher incidence was observed in female compared with male athletes (5.1 vs 3.6; p=0.005), as well as during the precompetition versus competition period (7.0 vs 3.5; p<0.0001). Dermatological and respiratory illnesses had the highest incidence (1.1 and 0.8, respectively). Illness burden was 4.9 days per 1000 athlete days and 23% of illnesses resulted in time loss from training/competition>1 day.ConclusionThe incidence of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was the lowest yet to be recorded in either the summer or winter Paralympic Games. Dermatological and respiratory illnesses were the most common, with the burden of respiratory illness being the highest, largely due to time loss associated with COVID-19 cases. Infection countermeasures appeared successful in reducing respiratory and overall illness, suggesting implementation in future Paralympic Games may mitigate illness risk.
Trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among dual users: analysis of waves 1 to 5 of the PATH Study
Authors: Krishnan Nandita , Berg Carla J , Elmi Angelo F , Klemperer Elias M , Sherman Scott E , Abroms Lorien C 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionConcurrent electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and cigarette (dual) use is harmful. Identifying longitudinal trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among dual users can help to determine the public health impact of ENDS and inform tobacco control policies and interventions.Objectives(1) To identify independent and joint trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among wave (W) 1 adult dual users across W1 to W5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study; and (2) identify W1 predictors of ENDS and cigarette joint trajectory group membership.MethodsWe used group-based trajectory modelling to estimate independent and joint trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use from wave 1 (W1; 2013–2014) to wave 5 (W5; 2018–2019) among W1 adult established dual users of ENDS and cigarettes (n=545) from the PATH Study. We used multinomial logistic regression to identify W1 predictors of joint trajectories.ResultsTwo ENDS (early quitters=66.0%, stable users=34.0%) and three cigarette (stable users=55.2%, gradual quitters=27.3%, early quitters=17.5%) trajectories of W1 were identified. In joint trajectory analysis, 41.6% of participants were early ENDS quitters and stable cigarette users; 14.8% early ENDS quitters and gradual cigarette quitters; 14.6% stable ENDS users and stable cigarette users; 11.2% stable ENDS users and gradual cigarette quitters; 10.3% early ENDS quitters and early cigarette quitters; and 7.4% stable ENDS users and early cigarette quitters. Cigarette and ENDS use frequency, nicotine dependence, cannabis use and other non-combusted tobacco product use predicted trajectory group membership (p values <0.05).ConclusionsMost dual users maintained long-term cigarette smoking or dual use, highlighting the need to address cessation of both products. Continued monitoring of trajectories and their predictors is needed, given ongoing changes to the ENDS marketplace.
Characterization and molecular evolution analysis of Periploca forrestii inferred from its complete chloroplast genome sequence
Authors: Wu Tianze , Deng Gang , Yin Qinggang , Chen Shilin , Zhang Yongping , Wang Bo , Xiang Li , Liu Xia 
Published: December 2022

Periploca forrestii, a medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae, is known as an effective and widely used clinical prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the completement chloroplast (cp) genome of P. forrestii based on combined Oxford Nanopore PromethION and Illumina data. The cp genome was 153 724 bp in length and had four subregions. Moreover, an 84 433 bp large single-copy and a 17 731 bp small single-copy were separated by 25 780 bp inverted repeats (IRs). The cp genome included 132 genes with 18 duplicates in the IRs. A total of 45 repeat structures and 183 simple sequence repeats were detected. Codon usage showed a bias toward A/T-ending codons. A comparative study of Apocynaceae revealed that an IR expansion occurred on P. forrestii. The Ka/Ks values of eight species of Apocynaceae suggested that positive selection was exerted on the psaI and ycf2 genes, which might reflect specific adaptions to the P. forrestii particular growth environment. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Periplocoideae was a sister to Asclepiadoideae, forming a monophyletic group in the family Apocynaceae. This study provided an important P. forrestii genomic resource for future evolutionary studies and the phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Apocynaceae.
Single-state semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states
Authors: Geng Mao-Jie , Chen Ying , Xu Tian-Jie , Ye Tian-Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol based on single kind of Bell states is proposed, which allows two classical parties to judge the equality of their private inputs securely and correctly under the help of a semi-honest third party (TP) who possesses complete quantum capabilities. TP is allowed to misbehave on her own but cannot conspire with anyone else. Our protocol needs none of unitary operations, quantum entanglement swapping or the reordering operations. Moreover, our protocol only needs to prepare single kind of Bell states as initial quantum resource. Detailed security analysis turns out that our protocol is secure against various outside and participant attacks. Compared with most of the existing SQPC protocols based on Bell states, our protocol is more feasible in practice.
Ichnological analysis and depositional setting of late Miocene marginal marine deposits from the Tafna Basin (northwestern Algeria)
Authors: Benzina Mostapha , Cherif Amine , Naimi Mohammed Nadir , Hebib Hakim , Bensalah Mustapha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The late Miocene marginal marine deposits of the Sikkak area (Tafna Basin, northwestern Algeria) encompass moderately diversified invertebrate trace fossils preserved mainly as epichnia. The present study documents for the very first time the trace fossils occurring in this area, where 16 ichnotaxa, dominated by post-depositional domichnial, repichnial and fodinichnial components, are reported: ?
Bifurculapes
isp.,
Diplocraterion
isp.,
Helminthoidichnites
isp., ?
Kouphichnium
isp., ?
Megagrapton irregulare
,
Ophiomorpha annulata, Ophiomorpha
cf.
nodosa
,
Oravaichnium
isp.,
Palaeophycus
isp.,
Planolites
cf.
beverleyensis
,
Planolites montanus
,
Ptychoplasma
isp.,
Skolithos
isp.,
S. linearis
,
Thalassinoides
isp. and
T. suevicus
. The main producers of the studied trace fossils are arthropods (crustaceans, limulids, insects), annelids (polychaetes, phoronids) and bivalves. These traces are commonly associated with sedimentary structures that are caused by hydrodynamics, suggesting high-energy conditions and opportunistic colonization within a marginal marine environment (i.e. backshore to foreshore), and corresponding to the
Skolithos
ichnofacies. The crustacean trace ?
Bifurculapes
and the limulid trackways
Kouphichnium
are reported herein for the first time in Algeria. Sedimentological data suggest an imbricated sandstone channel within a marginal marine setting and subaerial exposures indicated by mud-cracks. The foraminiferal assemblage, dominated by shallow marine species, therefore suggests a Tortonian age for these deposits.
Regional synthesis of the Ordovician geology and stratigraphy of China
Authors: Zhang Yuandong , Zhan Renbin , Zhen Yong Yi , Wang Wenhui , Liang Yan , Fang Xiang , Wu Rongchang , Yan Kui , Zhang Junpeng , Li Wenjie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
China presently comprises several independent tectonic palaeoplates or terranes and parts of other blocks, which have been assembled over geological time. In the Ordovician, these blocks included South China, North China, Tarim, Qaidam, Junggar, Qiangtang-Qamdo, Lhasa and partially Himalaya, Sibumasu and Indochina, as well as the Altay-Xing'an and Songpan-Garze fold belts, which were discrete but near-adjacent. Twelve stratigraphic megaregions bounded by tectonic sutures or major fault zones can be recognized. Some of them are further differentiated into several regions according to the lithological and biotic facies or distinct stratigraphic sequences. Here, the palaeontologic features and biostratigraphic framework of these stratigraphic megaregions and regions are summarized. The unified biostratigraphic framework presented herein is supported by 33 graptolite biozones and 27 conodont biozones, together with supplementary biozones, communities or associations of brachiopods, trilobites, cephalopods, chitinozoans, acritarchs and radiolarians. With constraints of integrative chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, along with some geochronologic data, our understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of the Ordovician lithostratigraphic units on these major blocks has been significantly advanced. Vast amounts of new data accumulated in recent decades also constrain the major Ordovician geological and biotic events evident in China, such as marine anoxia, faunal turnovers and tectonic orogenies.
Timescale for the Kasimovian Stage
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Hu Keyi , Li Ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The Kasimovian Stage is the lower stage of the Upper Pennsylvanian Subsystem, in which a series of considerable biotic and abiotic events happened and changed the Earth. The Variscan orogeny and the Late Paleozoic Glaciation are two major events that caused geographical isolation of marine faunas and difficulties for a global correlation of biostratigraphy. Regional timescales of the Kasimovian across major continents are reviewed here. A global correlation of the Kasimovian is tentatively established based on a detailed review of major fossil groups such as conodonts, fusulines and some macrofossils. The index taxon for the base of the Kasimovian Stage has not been selected. The conodont species
Swadelina subexcelsa
,
Idiognathodus heckeli
,
I. turbatus
and
I. sagittalis
have good potential. Among them,
I
.
heckeli
is considered the best marker for the base of the Kasimovian Stage because it can mark a bioevent in a wide geographical range, and more importantly, it has a clear taxonomic definition within a phylogenetic lineage. The fusuline
Montiparus
might be regarded as an auxiliary marker to define the base of the Kasimovian based on its wider distribution. Other proxies, i.e. isotopic dating and strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy throughout the Kasimovian, are also reviewed. The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidates for the Kasimovian Stage include the Naqing section, South China, the Usolka section, South Urals and the Afanasievo section, Moscow Basin. The Naqing section is regarded as the most appropriate GSSP candidate in terms of its complete sedimentary succession, well-recorded conodont lineages and well-studied bio-, chemo- and cyclo-stratigraphy.
Challenges and Opportunities of Security-Aware EDA
Authors: Feldtkeller Jakob , Sasdrich Pascal , Güneysu Tim 
Published: December 2022

The foundation of every digital system is based on hardware in which security, as a core service of many applications, should be deeply embedded. Unfortunately, the knowledge of system security and efficient hardware design is spread over different communities and, due to the complex and ever-evolving nature of hardware-based system security, state-of-the-art security is not always implemented in state-of-the-art hardware. However, automated security-aware hardware design seems to be a promising solution to bridge the gap between the different communities.
In this work, we systematize state-of-the-art research with respect to security-aware Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and identify a modern security-aware EDA framework. As part of this work, we consider threats in the form of information flow, timing and power side channels, and fault injection, which are the fundamental building blocks of more complex hardware-based attacks. Based on the existing research, we provide important observations and research questions to guide future research in support of modern, holistic, and security-aware hardware design infrastructures.
Blood-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang , Al-Shaheri Fawaz N. , Alhamdani Mohamed Saiel Saeed , Bauer Andrea S. , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Schenk Miriam , Hinz Ulf , Goedecke Philipp , Al-Halabi Karam , Büchler Markus W. , Giese Nathalia A. , Hackert Thilo , Roth Susanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Low-grade dysplasia has a relatively good prognosis, whereas high-grade dysplasia and IPMN invasive carcinoma require surgical intervention. However, diagnostic distinction is difficult. We aimed to identify biomarkers in peripheral blood for accurate discrimination.Experimental Design:Sera were obtained from 302 patients with IPMNs and 88 healthy donors. For protein biomarkers, serum samples were analyzed on microarrays made of 2,977 antibodies. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to define classifiers, which were validated on a separate sample set. For microRNA biomarkers, a PCR-based screen was performed for discovery. Biomarker candidates confirmed by quantitative PCR were used to train SVM classifiers, followed by validation in a different sample set. Finally, a combined SVM classifier was established entirely independent of the earlier analyses, again using different samples for training and validation.Results:Panels of 26 proteins or seven microRNAs could distinguish high- and low-risk IPMN with an AUC value of 95% and 94%, respectively. Upon combination, a panel of five proteins and three miRNAs yielded an AUC of 97%. These values were much better than those obtained in the same patient cohort by using the guideline criteria for discrimination. In addition, accurate discrimination was achieved between other patient subgroups.Conclusions:Protein and microRNA biomarkers in blood allow precise diagnosis and risk stratification of IPMN cases, which should improve patient management and thus the prognosis of IPMN patients.See related commentary by Löhr and Pantel, p. 1387