bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an enterocutaneous fistula from an intestinal perforation in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Sawa Naoki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Sekine Akinari , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Ikuma Daisuke , Mizuno Hiroki , Oba Yuki , Hasegawa Eiko , Hoshino Junichi , Matoba Shuichiro , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe herein report a case of enterocutaneous fistula in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). A 37-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital. Three months prior to transfer to our hospital, he developed intense flank pain with gross hematuria. His serum creatinine had decreased to 7.8 mg/dL and hemodialysis was started, but gross hematuria persisted and he developed hypotension. Upon admission, plain chest radiography did not reveal any free air, but computed tomography (CT) showed generalized ventral subcutaneous air from the head to the lower extremities and enlarged kidneys. Enterography showed leakage of contrast medium from the descending colon into the subcutaneous area. C-reactive protein was 23.1 mg/dL. A colostomy was placed in the transverse colon proximal to the perforation, and systemic subcutaneous drainage was performed. The fever subsequently resolved, and the C-reactive protein test became negative. Three months later, renal artery embolization was performed, and 12 months thereafter, CT showed a marked decrease in kidney size. We assume that a markedly enlarged kidney leaded to intestinal perforation, which developed into an enterocutaneous fistula. Consequently, intestinal fluid leaked into the subcutaneous cavity of the abdominal wall and spread systemically, resulting in extensive subcutaneous abscesses.
Modification of Co–Cr alloys to optimize additively welded microstructures and subsequent surface finishing
Authors: Eissel Antonia , Engelking Lorenz , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker , Schröpfer Dirk , Kannengießer Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cobalt chromium alloys are often used in turbine and plant construction. This is based on their high thermal and mechanical stress resistance as well as their high wear resistance to corrosive and abrasive loads. However, cobalt is a cost-intensive material that is difficult to machine. Moreover, increasingly complex structures and the optimisation of resource efficiency also require additive manufacturing steps for the production or repair of components in many sectors. Concerning inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as manufacturing-related stresses, a lot of knowledge is still necessary for the economic use of additive welding processes in SMEs. As a result of the high stresses on the components and requirements for a high surface quality, a complementary use of additive and machining manufacturing processes is necessary. Thereby, Co–Cr alloys are extremely challenging for machining with geometrically defined cutting edges because of their low thermal conductivity combined with high strength and toughness. An approach to solve this problem is to refine and homogenise the microstructure. This is achieved by modifying the alloy with elements zirconium and hafnium, which are added up to a maximum of 1 wt.-%. A reduction of the process forces and stresses on the tool and work piece surface is also achievable via hybrid milling processes. There are already studies on the combined use of additive and machining manufacturing processes based on laser technology. However, knowledge based on powder and wire-based arc processes is important, as these processes are more widespread. Furthermore, the effects on the surface zone of additively manufactured components by hybrid finish milling have not yet been a subject of research. The results show that the structural morphology could be significantly influenced with the addition of zirconium and hafnium.
Processing bound-variable singularthey
Authors: Han Chung-hye , Moulton Keir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pronounsthey/them/theirare readily available with a singular interpretation as bound variables (Balhorn 2004, Bjorkman 2017). Referential interpretations are possible, but subject to pragmatic considerations and changes in progress (Bjorkman 2017, Conrod 2019, Konnelly and Cowper 2020). In a series of experiments, we tested differences between bound and referential singulartheyin acceptability and incremental processing, asking whether boundtheyis sensitive to the gender of its antecedent, as referentialtheyis (Doherty and Conklin 2017, Ackerman 2018, Ackerman et al. 2018, Conrod 2019). We found that bound singulartheyhas an advantage over referential singulartheyin acceptability, even when the antecedent is gendered. In processing, however, bound-variable singulartheyshowed a reading time advantage over referential singulartheyonly with gendered antecedents. We evaluate these results against existing formal linguistic theories of singulartheyimplemented within psycholinguistic models of pronoun processing. We submit that none of the theories fully captures the range of evidence we uncover, in particular the interaction between gender and quantification. We suggest a formal account that does: we propose, using representations from Kratzer (2009) and Sudo (2012), that gender and number features are differentially represented in referential versus binding dependencies. We speculate how this representational difference relates to the processing mechanisms of antecedent retrieval and to the limited processing advantage for bound singulartheythat we found.
Irredentism and Institutions
Authors: Hale Christopher , Siroky David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhy do states engage in irredentism? Expanding on previous scholarship, this article advances a new theory with rationalist microfoundations that accounts for the incentives of both elites and citizens to support irredentism in democracies and dictatorships. Our model suggests irredentism is more likely when it enables political elites to provide a specific mix of private goods, public goods, and welfare transfers to citizens who desire them at the lowest tax rate. This leads to the prediction that irredentism is most likely in majoritarian democratic electoral systems and military dictatorships, and least likely in proportional electoral systems and single-party dictatorships. We test and find supportive evidence for these expectations using a comprehensive dataset covering all observed and potential irredentist cases from 1946 to 2014.
National Retro and the Re-mattering of History in Twenty-First-Century Hungary
Authors: Fehérváry Krisztina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the international genre of “retro” and how it is used in Hungary to re-matter the nation’s modern past, repositioning the country within a twentieth-century European history where it was never cut off by an “Iron Curtain” from the modern West. It does this by selecting for modern consumer goods and popular culture from both East and West that fit international criteria for retro. For both young and old, retro “matters” the past in a way that affirms contemporary market sensibilities, infusing it with value through assertions of market equivalence in the past and new value as commodities in the present. If Hungarian Retro works as a form of nostalgia for some, it is for an era of perceived national prestige, value, and economic sovereignty relative to the demoralized present. While distinct from right-wing nationalist politics, Hungarian Retro nonetheless shares in the project of erasing a stigmatized state socialism from national history. This article builds on scholarship on the role of the material in producing the nation in everyday life. It contributes a perspective that brings together: (a) the domestication of international commercial and popular trends; (b) the global hierarchy of prestige based on national exports and imports; and (c) the constitution of value in citizens via the qualities of consumer goods both produced and consumed.
A balancing act: changing the referral pathway following remote consultations for dizziness during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Ng J , Wilson B , Hey S , Bennett A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reports our experience in managing dizzy patients remotely during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and explored its safety as an alternative to face-to-face consultations.MethodsDizzy patients referred by their general practitioner were contacted to answer a validated questionnaire. Clinicians recorded the time needed for consultations, and the diagnosis at each of the following assessment stages: after review of the electronic general practitioner letter; following completion of the questionnaire; following the telephone consultation; and/or at follow up. Patients were telephoned no earlier than three months later to determine satisfaction with the service and symptom resolution. Electronic patient records were checked for presentation to hospital because of dizziness.ResultsSeventy patients had telephone consultations. None presented to the emergency department or were admitted. The majority of consultations took 15–30 minutes. The most diagnosed condition was benign positional paroxysmal vertigo. Seventy-nine per cent of patients were satisfied with the service. The questionnaire and telephone consultations demonstrated the greatest diagnosis agreement (κ = 0.40).ConclusionValidated questionnaire and telephone consultations are a safe alternative to face-to-face consultations. Our patient referral pathway has now changed to include elements of the questionnaire.
Regional flea and host assemblages form biogeographic, but not ecological, clusters: evidence for a dispersal-based mechanism as a driver of species composition
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Khokhlova Irina S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe used data on the species composition of regional assemblages of fleas and their small mammalian hosts from 6 biogeographic realms and applied a novel method of step-down factor analyses (SDFA) and cluster analyses to identify biogeographic (across the entire globe) and ecological (within a realm across the main terrestrial biomes) clusters of these assemblages. We found that, at the global scale, the clusters of regional assemblage loadings on SDFA axes reflected well the assemblage distribution, according to the biogeographic realms to which they belong. At the global scale, the cluster topology, corresponding to the biogeographic realms, was similar between flea and host assemblages, but the topology of subtrees within realm-specific clusters substantially differed between fleas and hosts. At the scale of biogeographic realms, the distribution of regional flea and host assemblages did not correspond to the predominant biome types. Assemblages with similar loadings on SDFA axes were often situated in different biomes and vice versa. The across-biome, within-realm distributions of flea vs host assemblages suggested weak congruence between these distributions. Our results indicate that dispersal is a predominant mechanism of flea and host community assembly across large regions.
Harden the Hardline, Soften the Softline: Unravelling China's Qiaoling-centred Diaspora Governance in Laos
Authors: Chen Wanjing (Kelly) 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s, the Chinese government has intensified efforts to control the political life of the diaspora by recruiting proxies, or qiaoling 侨领, from the extraterritorial population for community-based governance. This paper examines the efficacy of this co-optive strategy by investigating its ramifications in Lao Chinese business communities. Following a group of qiaoling in Vientiane through qualitative fieldwork, I reveal how these individuals are self-motivated to perform patriotism by the desire to earn symbolic recognition. Their fame and prestige as qiaoling are critical for their material accumulation in the often-fraudulent business of intermediation for Chinese bureaucrats and investors. As such, while contributing to realigning the political allegiance of the diaspora, qiaoling simultaneously reshape the ongoing expansion of Chinese capitalism in ways that diverge from Beijing's developmental agenda. This finding complicates the long-held imaginary of an autonomous state–diaspora synergy in post-socialist China.
Triangles in randomly perturbed graphs
Authors: Böttcher Julia , Parczyk Olaf , Sgueglia Amedeo , Skokan Jozef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of finding pairwise vertex-disjoint triangles in the randomly perturbed graph model, which is the union of any
$n$
-vertex graph
$G$
satisfying a given minimum degree condition and the binomial random graph
$G(n,p)$
. We prove that asymptotically almost surely
$G \cup G(n,p)$
contains at least
$\min \{\delta (G), \lfloor n/3 \rfloor \}$
pairwise vertex-disjoint triangles, provided
$p \ge C \log n/n$
, where
$C$
is a large enough constant. This is a perturbed version of an old result of Dirac.Our result is asymptotically optimal and answers a question of Han, Morris, and Treglown [RSA, 2021, no. 3, 480–516] in a strong form. We also prove a stability version of our result, which in the case of pairwise vertex-disjoint triangles extends a result of Han, Morris, and Treglown [RSA, 2021, no. 3, 480–516]. Together with a result of Balogh, Treglown, and Wagner [CPC, 2019, no. 2, 159–176], this fully resolves the existence of triangle factors in randomly perturbed graphs.We believe that the methods introduced in this paper are useful for a variety of related problems: we discuss possible generalisations to clique factors, cycle factors, and
$2$
-universality.
Effect of the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm on the Main Species in the Upper Ionosphere: Observations and Simulations
Authors: Qin JunFeng , Zou Hong , Lee Yuni , Ye YuGuang , Hao YongQiang , Wang JinSong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMartian global dust storms have significant influences on its atmosphere and ionosphere. In this research, the behavior of , , and O+ density profiles during the 2018 global dust storm is studied based on the observations of Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. The observations show increased density, decreased O+ density, and relatively stable density at 170–500 km during the dust storm. Using a photochemical model, we reproduced the behavior of , , and O+ density at 170–200 km during the dust storm based on the behaviors of NGIMS observed neutral density profiles. The behaviors of those neutral and ion density profiles should be the combined effects of the variations of latitude, longitude, season, local time, Solar Zenith Angle (SZA), and the activity of the global dust storm. Two different methods, one based on the Mars Climate Database and another based on a parametric model, are used to remove the effects of latitude, longitude, season, local time, and SZA variations on the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. Both methods indicate that density at 170–200 km should increase, rather than stay unchanged under the 2018 global dust storm‐specified effect.
Multiday Precipitation Is a Prominent Driver of Floods in Indian River Basins
Authors: Nanditha J. S. , Mishra Vimal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndia witness floods during the summer monsoon (June–September) that disproportionately affect the socioeconomic well‐being of millions of people. Nonstructural measures such as flood early warning systems play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts; however, these require a proper understanding of flood drivers. The drivers of floods in the Indian river basins have not been examined for the observed and projected future climate. Here using a novel framework, we examine antecedent moisture conditions and precipitation characteristics before high flow events. We estimate the probability of occurrence of flood drivers and their association with peak flood magnitude under the observed and projected future climate in Indian river basins. Multiday precipitation, a proxy to heavy precipitation on wet soil conditions, was found as the predominant flood driver in the observed and projected future climate. We show that multiday precipitation is more prominent driver than extreme soil moisture conditions in larger rivers basins while extreme precipitation drives floods in smaller river basins. The frequency of major drivers of floods is projected to rise in the future, which may pose a greater risk to agriculture and infrastructure under the warming climate.
Separating arbitrary free-space beams with an integrated photonic processor
Authors: Milanizadeh Maziyar , SeyedinNavadeh SeyedMohammad , Zanetto Francesco , Grimaldi Vittorio , De Vita Christian , Klitis Charalambos , Sorel Marc , Ferrari Giorgio , Miller David A. B. , Melloni Andrea , Morichetti Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFree-space optics naturally offers multiple-channel communications and sensing exploitable in many applications. The different optical beams will, however, generally be overlapping at the receiver, and, especially with atmospheric turbulence or other scattering or aberrations, the arriving beam shapes may not even be known in advance. We show that such beams can be still separated in the optical domain, and simultaneously detected with negligible cross-talk, even if they share the same wavelength and polarization, and even with unknown arriving beam shapes. The kernel of the adaptive multibeam receiver presented in this work is a programmable integrated photonic processor that is coupled to free-space beams through a two-dimensional array of optical antennas. We demonstrate separation of beam pairs arriving from different directions, with overlapping spatial modes in the same direction, and even with mixing between the beams deliberately added in the path. With the circuit’s optical bandwidth of more than 40 nm, this approach offers an enabling technology for the evolution of FSO from single-beam to multibeam space-division multiplexed systems in a perturbed environment, which has been a game-changing transition in fiber-optic systems.
Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold
Authors: Sun Kai , Hao Ze-Yan , Wang Yan , Li Jia-Kun , Xu Xiao-Ye , Xu Jin-Shi , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable to the output of a higher probability of correct logical qubits under the presence of errors. However, strict requirements to encode qubits and operators render the implementation of a full fault-tolerant computation challenging even for the achievable noisy intermediate-scale quantum technology. Especially the threshold for fault-tolerant computation still lacks experimental verification. Here, based on an all-optical setup, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of the threshold for the fault-tolerant protocol. Four physical qubits are represented as the spatial modes of two entangled photons, which are used to encode two logical qubits. The experimental results clearly show that when the error rate is below the threshold, the probability of correct output in the circuit, formed with fault-tolerant gates, is higher than that in the corresponding non-encoded circuit. In contrast, when the error rate is above the threshold, no advantage is observed in the fault-tolerant implementation. The developed high-accuracy optical system may provide a reliable platform to investigate error propagation in more complex circuits with fault-tolerant gates.
Simple sacrificial-layer-free microfabrication processes for air-cavity Fresnel acoustic lenses (ACFALs) with improved focusing performance
Authors: Tang Yongkui , Kim Eun Sok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFocused ultrasound (FUS) is a powerful tool widely used in biomedical therapy and imaging as well as in sensors and actuators. Conventional focusing techniques based on curved surfaces, metamaterial structures, and multielement phased arrays either present difficulties in massively parallel manufacturing with high precision or require complex drive electronics to operate. These difficulties have been addressed by microfabricated self-focusing acoustic transducers (SFATs) with Parylene air-cavity Fresnel acoustic lenses (ACFALs), which require a time-demanding step in removing the sacrificial layer. This paper presents three new and improved types of ACFALs based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an SU-8/PDMS bilayer, and SU-8, which are manufactured through simple sacrificial-layer-free microfabrication processes that are two to four times faster than that for the Parylene ACFALs. Moreover, by studying the effect of the lens thickness on the acoustic transmittance through the lens, the performance of the transducers has been optimized with improved thickness control techniques developed for PDMS and SU-8. As a result, the measured power transfer efficiency (PTE) and peak output acoustic pressure are up to 2.0 and 1.8 times higher than those of the Parylene ACFALs, respectively. The simple microfabrication techniques described in this paper are useful for manufacturing not only high-performance ACFALs but also other miniaturized devices with hollow or suspended structures for microfluidic and optical applications.
A force measurement platform for a vitreoretinal surgical simulator using an artificial eye module integrated with a quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Taniguchi Yuta , Sugiura Hirotaka , Yamanaka Toshiro , Watanabe Shiro , Omata Seiji , Harada Kanako , Mitsuishi Mamoru , Shiraya Tomoyasu , Sugimoto Koichiro , Ueta Takashi , Totsuka Kiyohito , Araki Fumiyuki , Takao Muneyuki , Aihara Makoto , Arai Fumihito 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo provide quantitative feedback on surgical progress to ophthalmologists practicing inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, we developed an artificial eye module comprising a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) force sensor and a strain body that serves as a uniform force transmitter beneath a retinal model. Although a sufficiently large initial force must be loaded onto the QCR force sensor assembly to achieve stable contact with the strain body, the highly sensitive and wide dynamic-range property of this sensor enables the eye module to detect the slight forceps contact force. A parallel-plate strain body is used to achieve a uniform force sensitivity over the 4-mm-diameter ILM peeling region. Combining these two components allowed for a measurable force range of 0.22 mN to 29.6 N with a sensitivity error within −11.3 to 4.2% over the ILM peeling area. Using this eye module, we measured the applied force during a simulation involving artificial ILM peeling by an untrained individual and compensated for the long-term drift of the obtained force data using a newly developed algorithm. The compensated force data clearly captured the characteristics of several types of motion sequences observed from video recordings of the eye bottom using an ophthalmological microscope. As a result, we succeeded in extracting feature values that can be potentially related to trainee skill level, such as the mean and standard deviation of the pushing and peeling forces, corresponding, in the case of an untrained operator, to 122.6 ± 95.2 and 20.4 ± 13.2 mN, respectively.