bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It doesn’t get taken seriously until it gets bad”: experiences of risk management from people diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder
Authors: Ware Andrew , Preston Anna , Draycott Simon 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
People with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis can require support from mental health services for managing risk behaviour. Current routine inpatient and community treatment can be unhelpful for this group. Positive risk taking has been developed to help community teams manage risk with people with a BPD. This study aims to explore experiences of risk management in an NHS Trust where positive risk taking is being implemented with people with a BPD.

Design/methodology/approach
Interpretative phenomenological analysis is the methodology of transcripts from semi-structured interviews. Nine adults with a diagnosis of BPD and current or previous experiences of risk management approaches were sampled from one NHS Trust.

Findings
Limited resources and interpersonal barriers had a negative impact on experiences of Positive risk taking. Participants experienced one-off risk assessments and short-term interventions such as medication which they described as “meaningless”. Traumatic experiences could make it difficult to establish therapeutic relationships and elicit unhelpful responses from professionals. Participants could only feel “taken seriously” when in crisis which contributed towards an increase in risky behaviour. Positive risk taking was contingent upon collaborative and consistent professional relationships which created a “safety net”, enabling open communication and responsibility taking which challenged recovery-relapse patterns of service use.

Research limitations/implications
Positive risk taking approaches to risk management may benefit people with a BPD. Findings complement those from other studies emphasising the importance of compassion and empathy when working with personality disorder. Training and increased resources are required to implement effective risk management with this group.

Originality/value
Findings expand upon the sparse existing research in the area of risk management using the Positive risk taking approach with people with a BPD diagnosis, and provide idiographic understanding which is clinically meaningful. Participants’ experiences suggest Positive risk taking may provide a framework for improving quality of life and decreasing service use for people diagnosed with BPD engaging in risk management with Community Mental Health Teams, which facilitates recovery and other benefits.
Choice of supermarkets as a marketing outlet for purchasing fresh agricultural products in urban Ghana
Authors: Bannor Richard Kwasi , Amfo Bismark , Oppong-Kyeremeh Helena , Chaa Kyire Samuel Kwabena 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the choice of supermarkets for purchasing fresh agricultural products among urban consumers in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Likert scale was used to investigate reasons for purchasing agricultural products from supermarkets, while heteroskedastic probit was used to estimate the determinants. Beta regression was used to examine the determinants of the proportion of food expenditure on raw/unprocessed agricultural products.

Findings
The principal reasons for purchasing agricultural products from supermarkets are convenience, a guarantee of assorted products, high-quality products and food safety, constant supply of products, conducive shopping environment, excellent customer service and social influence. The probability of purchasing agricultural products from supermarkets is high for consumers who are either males, young, educated, high-income earners or salaried workers. Consumers residing closer to supermarkets have a greater probability of shopping for agricultural products from same. The proportion of food expenditure on unprocessed agricultural products increases with age but decreases with education and distance to local markets.

Originality/value
Few prior studies have investigated supermarket’s surge in developing countries and its connection with consumer food-outlet choice. Unfortunately, little is evident in the extant literature on consumers' choice of supermarkets as purchasing outlets for fresh agricultural products. Hence, this study closes the gap on consumers and fresh agricultural product purchases from supermarkets in Ghana. Results from the study will provide grounding evidence to supermarket owners to adjust their services to meet consumers’ needs and provide relevant information to evolving supermarkets or investors who may venture into the supermarket business on the attributes that influence consumers to use supermarkets as a purchasing outlet.
Segment earnings and managerial incentives: evidence from foreign firms cross-listed in the USA
Authors: Sang Fangjun , Alam Pervaiz , Hinkel Timothy 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Prior studies find that US firms with managerial incentives may manipulate the earnings gap to obscure higher performing segments to competitors or to hide underperforming segments from external monitors. The purpose of this study is to complement extant research by examining the association between managerial incentives and segment earnings reporting of cross-listed firms in the USA and the impact of country-level characteristics on this association.

Design/methodology/approach
The dependent variable is the earnings gap between firm-level earnings and sum of segment-level earnings. Managerial incentives are proxied by proprietary cost and agency cost. Proprietary cost is measured by the Herfindahl index. Agency cost is measured by inefficient resource transfer activities across segments. Foreign firms in this study are companies listed on major US Stock Exchanges with headquarters outside the USA. Comparable US firms are selected using the Propensity Score Matching procedure as a control group.

Findings
The authors find that 1) proprietary cost motive is not the determinant of earnings gap reporting for cross-listed firms; 2) cross-listed firms motivated by agency costs are more likely to manipulate segment earnings reporting than US firms; and 3) among cross-listed firms motivated by agency costs, firms in weak rule of law countries demonstrate more manipulation in segment earnings than firms in strong rule of law countries.

Originality/value
Extant research with regard to segment reporting exclusively focuses on US firms, and little is known about the practice of segment reporting by cross-listed firms originating from different legal regimes. This study fills the gap in the literature by comparing cross-listed firms to US firms in the reporting of segment earnings. The results of this study have implications for regulators and investors who are interested in evaluating the extent of cross-listed firms’ financial reporting quality.
Effect of process parameters on surface composite fabrication of newly commercialized Mg-ZE41 alloy by friction stir processing (FSP): microstructural development and microhardness
Authors: Manroo Suhail Ahmed , Khan Noor Zaman , Ahmad Babar , Malik Vinayak 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Altering the microstructure and developing the surface metal matrix composites (MMCs) in a solid-state by friction stir processing (FSP) has been on trend for the past decade. The microstructural modification increases the material properties, which are structure sensitive. The microstructural evolution is highly influenced by the selection of process parameters in FSP. In this study, the effect of process parameters on the microstructure evolution and microhardness of the fabrication of surface MMCs of newly commercialized Mg-ZE41 alloy by the incorporation of different reinforcement particles such as ZrO2, CeO2 and Al2O3 is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
By making use of Taguchi’s design of experimentation, which recognizes the crucial factors and ascertain their effect on the properties of the material, the optimization of process parameters for this study was done using MATLAB-14 software. The parameters were adopted along with the levels throughout the FSP for the fabrication of different surface MMCs. For each reinforcement particle, two factors at three levels each had L9 factorial design were used to analyse the effect of these factors on the processing result (microstructure, grain refinement and hardness). The two different factors used in this study are tool rotational speed (TRS) and tool traverse speed (TTS) as a part of the full factorial design matrix for different surface MMCs.

Findings
Among all combinations, TRS of 1500 rpm and TTS of 20 mm/min. for ZE41-ZrO2 MMCs and ZE41-CeO2 MMCs were observed as optimum to produce defect-free processed zone along with the high level of grain refinement and hardness, whereas for ZE41-Al2O3 the same was obtained at 1500 rpm TRS and 10 mm/min TTS.

Originality/value
In this paper, the role of process parameters in the development of surface MMCs on newly commercialized Mg-ZE41 alloy by FSP is investigated. The effect of TRS and TTS on microstructure evolution, grain refinement and microhardness is analysed. Hence, in this study, the optimum parameters for the fabrication of surface MMCs of Mg-ZE41 alloy have thus been established.
CONTENTIOUS POLITICS OF SLUMS: Understanding Different Outcomes of Community Resistance against Evictions in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Sørbøe Celina Myrann , Braathen Einar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBetween 2010 and 2016, over 65,000 slum dwellers were forcibly evicted in Rio de Janeiro. This article compares three cases of anti‐eviction resistance over this period. While the three case study communities were all relatively successful in contesting evictions, the outcomes (material, social, political‐symbolic) of their mobilizations were different. To understand how and why, we examine and compare the structures and processes of mobilization in these three communities and show how they found different openings and limitations in the changing political opportunity structure. We distinguish three distinct ‘moments’ or opportunity structures in Rio de Janeiro's urban governance between 2010 and 2016. We term these the City of Exception, the City in Revolt and the City in Crisis. The analytical and theoretical framework of contentious politics helps us draw together and expand on two dominant narratives in scholars’ approach to slum evictions: on the one hand a top‐down perspective of the ‘city against slum dwellers’; on the other a bottom‐up perspective of ‘slum dwellers against the city’. In this article we test the usefulness of our expanded framework—contentious politics of slums—for understanding the organization and outcomes of community resistance against evictions, and discuss its relevance for research on the politics of slums in the global South.
Fetal heart rate events during sleep, and the impact of sleep disordered breathing, in pregnancies complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction: An exploratory observational case–control study
Authors: Skrzypek Hannah , Wilson Danielle L. , Fung Alison M. , Pell Gabrielle , Barnes Maree , Sommers Lucy , Rochford Peter , Howard Mark E. , Walker Susan P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns during sleep in pregnancies complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR). To determine whether co‐existing sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) impacts on acute FHR events or perinatal outcome.DesignObservational case control study.Setting and populationWomen with preterm FGR and gestation‐matched well grown controls (estimated fetal weight above the 10th percentile with normal Doppler studies); tertiary maternity hospital, Australia.MethodsA polysomnogram, a test used to measure sleep patterns and diagnose sleep disorders, and concurrent cardiotocography (CTG), were analysed for respiratory events and FHR changes.Main outcome measuresFrequency of FHR events overnight in FGR cases versus controls and in those with or without SDB.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with preterm FGR and 29 controls (median estimated fetal weight 1st versus 60th percentile, P < 0.001) underwent polysomnography with concurrent CTG at a mean gestation of 30.2 weeks. The median number of FHR events per night was higher among FGR cases than among controls (3.0 events, interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–4.0, versus 1.0 [IQR 0–1.0]; P < 0.001). Women with pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR were more likely than controls to be nulliparous, receive antihypertensive medications, be supine at sleep onset, and to sleep supine (32.9% of total sleep time versus 18.3%, P = 0.03). SDB was common in both FGR and control pregnancies (48% versus 38%, respectively, P = 0.55) but was generally mild and not associated with an increase in overnight FHR events or adverse perinatal outcome.ConclusionsAcute FHR events overnight are more common in pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR than in pregnancies with normal fetal growth. Mild SDB was common in late pregnancy and well tolerated, even by fetuses with preterm FGR.Tweetable abstractMild sleep‐disordered breathing seems well tolerated even by highly vulnerable fetuses.
A new political lexicon in Pakistan's civil–military relations (2013–2018)
Authors: Ahmed Raja Qaiser , Fatima Rida , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rise of a new political lexicon—indirectly referring to the military's interference in political affairs—in Pakistan's civil–military relations (2013–2018) is a recent development. It marked the beginning of a transitionary phase in the country's political culture and provided an alternative medium for political dissent. It helped strike a balance between outright confrontation and complete conformism by civilian forces in the political spectrum. The consequent formation was tactical deference on the part of civilian authorities to voice dissent. This mode of dissent became prevalent in the statements of the party leaders. It is a pioneering step toward a more inclusive and open society in the country. This study explores how did the new political lexicon impact the state and society in Pakistan. This article covers a five‐year period from 2013 to 2018.
Asymmetry in sleep spindles and motor outcome in infants with unilateral brain injury
Authors: Marchi Viviana , Rizzi Riccardo , Nevalainen Päivi , Melani Federico , Lori Silvia , Antonelli Camilla , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Guzzetta Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether interhemispheric difference in sleep spindles in infants with perinatal unilateral brain injury could link to a pathological network reorganization that underpins the development of unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a multicentre retrospective study of 40 infants (19 females, 21 males) with unilateral brain injury. Sleep spindles were detected and quantified with an automated algorithm from electroencephalograph records performed at 2 months to 5 months of age. The clinical outcomes after 18 months were compared to spindle power asymmetry (SPA) between hemispheres in different brain regions.ResultsWe found a significantly increased SPA in infants who later developed unilateral CP (n=13, with the most robust interhemispheric difference seen in the central spindles. The best individual‐level prediction of unilateral CP was seen in the centro‐occipital spindles with an overall accuracy of 93%. An empiric cut‐off level for SPA at 0.65 gave a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 93% for later development of unilateral CP.InterpretationOur data suggest that automated analysis of interhemispheric SPA provides a potential biomarker of unilateral CP at a very early age. This holds promise for guiding the early diagnostic process in infants with a perinatally identified brain injury.What this paper adds

Unilateral perinatal brain injury may affect the development of electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep spindles.
Interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep spindles can be quantified with automated EEG analysis.
Spindle power asymmetry can be a potential biomarker of unilateral cerebral palsy.
Online assessment platforms: What is on offer?
Authors: Ali Kamran , Barhom Noha , Duggal Monty S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsWeb‐based digital assessment platforms offer several benefits for educational providers. The aims of this study were to evaluate digital assessment platforms suitable for design, delivery and quality assurance of assessments in dental education to facilitate informed choices by educational providers.MethodsThe study was based on an online cross‐sectional survey. A questionnaire was designed to include relevant details of providers, types of assessments offered, post‐assessment psychometrics, remote proctoring, integration with digital learning platforms faculty training, and indicative costs of services. Following a google search, 25 potential providers of digital assessment software were identified and contacted by email.ResultsTen companies responded to the questionnaire. All providers, except one, reported extensive experience in delivering high‐stake assessments for programs in dentistry, medicine and allied health professions. All companies confirmed availability of a wide variety of assessment formats and also offer remote proctoring either directly or through third parties. Indicative costs of different assessment platforms were also provided.ConclusionThis paper underscores the need for dental institutions to make informed decisions when choosing the most appropriate digital assessment platforms to suit their educational needs. It also provides a snapshot of services offered by commercial providers of assessment platforms. The Association for Dental Education in Europe can serve as a central hub to guide dental institutions on making informed choices for suitable assessment platforms to address their needs.
Evidence for top‐down metre perception in infancy as shown by primed neural responses to an ambiguous rhythm
Authors: Flaten Erica , Marshall Sara A. , Dittrich Angela , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrom auditory rhythm patterns, listeners extract the underlying steady beat and perceptually group beats to form metres. While previous studies show infants discriminate different auditory metres, it remains unknown whether they can maintain (imagine) a metrical interpretation of an ambiguous rhythm through top‐down processes. We investigated this via electroencephalographic mismatch responses. We primed 6‐month‐old infants (N = 24) to hear a 6‐beat ambiguous rhythm either in duple metre (n = 13) or in triple metre (n = 11) through loudness accents either on every second or every third beat. Periods of priming were inserted before sequences of the ambiguous unaccented rhythm. To elicit mismatch responses, occasional pitch deviants occurred on either beat 4 (strong beat in triple metre; weak in duple) or beat 5 (strong in duple; weak in triple) of the unaccented trials. At frontal left sites, we found a significant interaction between beat and priming group in the predicted direction. Post‐hoc analyses showed that mismatch response amplitudes were significantly larger for beat 5 in the duple‐primed than triple‐primed group (p = .047) and were non‐significantly larger for beat 4 in the triple‐primed than duple‐primed group. Further, amplitudes were generally larger in infants with musically experienced parents. At frontal right sites, mismatch responses were generally larger for those in the duple compared with triple group, which may reflect a processing advantage for duple metre. These results indicate that infants can impose a top‐down, internally generated metre on ambiguous auditory rhythms, an ability that would aid early language and music learning.
Response preparation of a secondary reaction time task is influenced by movement phase within a continuous visuomotor tracking task
Authors: Sadler Christin M. , Maslovat Dana , Cressman Erin K. , Dutil Caroline , Carlsen Anthony N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous performance of two motor tasks is challenging. Currently, it is unclear how response preparation of a secondary task is impacted by the performance of a continuous primary task. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether the position of the limb performing the primary cyclical tracking task impacts response preparation of a secondary reaction time task. Participants (n = 20) performed a continuous tracking task with their left hand that involved cyclical and targeted wrist flexion and extension. Occasionally, a probe reaction time task requiring isometric wrist extension was performed with the right hand in response to an auditory stimulus (80 or 120 dB) that was triggered when the left hand passed through one of 10 locations identified within the movement cycle. On separate trials, transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex and triggered at the same 10 stimulus locations to assess corticospinal excitability associated with the probe reaction time task. Results revealed that probe reaction times were significantly longer and motor‐evoked potential amplitudes were significantly larger when the left hand was in the middle of a movement cycle compared with an endpoint, suggesting that response preparation of a secondary probe reaction time task was modulated by the phase of movement within the continuous primary task. These results indicate that primary motor task requirements can impact preparation of a secondary task, reinforcing the importance of considering primary task characteristics in dual‐task experimental design.
SPAC merger announcement returns and subsequent performance
Authors: Kiesel Florian , Klingelhöfer Nico , Schiereck Dirk , Vismara Silvio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecial purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) are created to raise capital and then find non‐listed operating companies with which to merge. While most of the extant research has focused on SPAC initial public offerings, we study what happens when SPACs announce business combinations. Our analysis of 236 ‘deSPACs’ completed between January 2012 and June 2021 in the United States documents an average short‐term announcement return of +7.4% and a 1‐year abnormal return of −14.1% (−18.0% over 2 years) for public investors beginning from the merger announcement. Short‐term returns decrease with longer times from initial public offering until announcement.
Study on microstructures and fatigue behavior of dissimilar Al/steel resistance spot welded joint
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Hongmei , Wu Di , Sun Daqian , Zhang Xinge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe microstructures and fatigue behavior of dissimilar resistance spot welded joint between 5083 aluminum alloy and DP980 high strength steel are studied. Al/steel joint has fusion‐brazing characteristics composed of Al nugget and intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. The microstructure, microhardness, static tensile/shear property, and fatigue test of welded joints are carried out. The number of fatigue cycles increases with the decreasing of load level, and the fatigue limit load is 1.08 kN about 21% of static tensile/shear force. The fatigue test results reveal that different fatigue load levels lead to different fracture mode. It can be summarized as nugget pullout failure (fatigue load > 3.5 kN), interfacial failure (1.5 kN < fatigue load < 3.5 kN), and aluminum alloy base metal fracture (fatigue load < 1.5 kN). Furthermore, the fatigue fracture mechanism under different load levels is analyzed.