bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snus and Health: A Review of the Literature on the Impact of Swedish Smokeless Tobacco on the Human Body
Authors: Jajczak Marta , Parys Jakub , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Witek Aleksandra , Mossakowski Maciej , Kałuziak Patrycja , Litwin Mateusz , Jesionek Stanisław 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Snus is a tobacco-containing product particularly popular in Scandinavian
countries. It comes in the form of a pouch filled with tobacco, which is typically placed under
the upper lip, allowing nicotine to be absorbed through the mucous membrane. Due to the
absence of combustion during snus use—and consequently the lack of substances produced
by this process—many manufacturers claim that snus is a healthier alternative to cigarettes.
The aim of this article is to review scientific studies examining the effects of snus on the
human body and to objectively summarize its impact on human health.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by collecting scientific articles from the
PubMed database and other online scientific databases. The articles were identified using
keywords such as "snus," "smokeless tobacco," and "snus health impact."
Results: Snus cannot be considered a healthier alternative to tobacco use. While it does not
cause many of the diseases associated with smoking and the toxic compounds produced
during combustion, it is still addictive and contributes to other health issues caused by the
substances it contains and the way it is consumed. This product requires more detailed
scientific research.
Development of a family-centred core outcome set for infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated with a brace
Authors: Craven Joanna , O’Malley Olivia , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: January 2025

AimsThis study aims to define a set of family-centred core outcomes for infants undergoing brace treatment to facilitate consistent reporting for future high-quality research.MethodsFamily-centred outcomes will be identified through a literature review and a scoping survey involving key stakeholders, including parents, healthcare professionals, and researchers. These outcomes will then be rated for their perceived importance in a two-stage modified Delphi process with the same stakeholders. Finally, a consensus meeting will be held to establish the final core outcome set (COS).ConclusionThe impact of brace treatment on the family is profound, but seldom considered in randomized controlled trials. This COS can independently standardize reporting on the family’s experience, and potentially become part of a broader COS for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants undergoing brace treatment.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;6(1):21–25.
Hypercontractile Esophagus Causing Midesophageal Diverticulum
Authors: Strigenz Rebecca Z. , Dairi Obaida F. , Curley Michael A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Esophageal diverticulum (ED) is a rare condition with a clinical presentation that can be variable. Esophageal diverticulum has been associated with motility disorders; however, the association with mid-ED is less clear. Hypercontractile esophagus, also known as jackhammer esophagus, is a rare motility disorder of peristalsis diagnosed by esophageal high-resolution manometry after exclusion of mechanical obstruction. We describe the second reported case of mid-ED secondary to hypercontractile esophagus successfully treated through robotic diverticulectomy with long myotomy.
KEYWORDS: esophagus; esophageal manometry; motility; diverticular disease
The role of adipose and muscle tissue breakdown on interorgan energy substrate fluxes in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced sepsis model in female pigs
Authors: Morse Ryan , Ten Have Gabriella A. M. , Thaden John J. , Engelen Marielle P. K. J. , Rice Sarah , Hagve Martin , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSepsis leads to an acute breakdown of muscle to support increased caloric and amino acid requirements. Little is known about the role of adipose and muscle tissue breakdown and intestinal metabolism in glucose substrate supply during the acute phase of sepsis. In a translational porcine model of sepsis, we explored the across organ net fluxes of gluconeogenic substrates. In 13 pigs, acute sepsis was induced by IV infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while in 9 pigs saline (control) was given for 18 h. Blood samples were collected between 12 and 18 h and analyzed with HPLC and LCMS. In sepsis, glucose plasma concentration was reduced (p = 0.0028). A concordant increase in splanchnic area net release of glucose (p = 0.0049), due to reduced uptake in the portal drained viscera (PDV) (p = 0.0032) with an unchanged liver production (p = 0.7861). The hindquarter showed a higher release of alanine (p = 0.0002), glutamine (p = 0.003), and lactate (p = 0.0007), but not for glycerol (p = 0.5718). Diminished PDV uptake of gluconeogenic amino acids, increased liver uptake of these substrates (p < 0.05), while no change in liver glycerol uptake (p = 0.3170), did not lead to an increased net liver glucose release. In the acute phase of sepsis, we hypothesize an important role of altered intestinal amino acid metabolism and breakdown of muscle proteins, but not of glycolysis to support gluconeogenesis.
Trade Uncertainty, Economic Policy Uncertainty and Shipping Costs
Authors: Melas Konstantinos D. , Michail Nektarios A. , Louca Kyriaki G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examine how trade and policy uncertainty affect shipping freight rates, using a Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model. Trade uncertainty has a strong effect on shipping costs, even though the effects become insignificant within a year. On the other hand, policy uncertainty has a slightly smaller initial effect but tends to have longer-lasting effects on shipping costs. Trade uncertainty tends to benefit European stocks, perhaps as investors may believe that consumers will shift to local companies, with the impact on US stocks also being (mildly) positive, despite the (lagged) deterioration in economic activity. Trade uncertainty tends to have a longer-lasting impact on GDP than policy uncertainty, given then known merits of comparative advantage, while the effect of policy uncertainty is higher in the European markets compared to the US ones.
Impact of high maternal body mass index on fetal cerebral cortical and cerebellar volumes
Authors: Takeoka Emiko , Carlson April A. , Madan Neel , Azimirad Afshin , Mahmoud Taysir , Kitano Rie , Akiyama Shizuko , Yun Hyuk Jin , Tucker Richard , Im Kiho , O’Tierney-Ginn Perrie , Tarui Tomo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Maternal obesity increases a child’s risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, little is known about the impact of maternal obesity on fetal brain development.

Methods
We prospectively recruited 20 healthy pregnant women across the range of pre-pregnancy or first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and performed fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their healthy singleton fetuses. We examined correlations between early pregnancy maternal BMI and regional brain volume of living fetuses using volumetric MRI analysis.

Results
Of 20 fetuses, there were 8 males and 12 females (median gestational age at MRI acquisition was 24.3 weeks, range: 19.7–33.3 weeks, median maternal age was 33.3 years, range: 22.0–37.4 years). There were no significant differences in clinical demographics between overweight (OW, 25≤BMI<30)/obese (OB, BMI≥30 kg/m2) (n=12) and normal BMI (18.5≤BMI<25) (n=8) groups. Fetuses in the OW/OB group had significantly larger left cortical plate (p=0.0003), right cortical plate (p=0.0002), and whole cerebellum (p=0.049) compared to the normal BMI group. In the OW/OB BMI group, cortical plate volume was larger relative to other brain regions after 28 weeks.

Conclusions
This pilot study supports the concept that maternal obesity impacts fetal brain volume, detectable via MRI in living fetuses using quantitative analysis.
Japanese university students’ learning experiences through an adapted physical education academic course
Authors: Hall Cynthia S. , Sato Takahiro , McKay Cathy , Saito Mayumi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine Japanese undergraduate students’ learning experiences while taking an adapted physical education course. Participants (N = 6) were undergraduate students (second year/sophomore level) enrolled in an adapted physical education course, who took part in 60-min semi-structured interviews about their experiences in the course. A constant comparative analysis method was used to analyze the data, with three themes emerging: (a) Learning experiences related to direct and indirect teaching in the adapted physical education course, (b) Learning problem-solving skills through developing positive chemistry with partners through practical sessions, and (c) Students’ expectations from professors about the adapted physical education course instructions. Findings indicate that student motivation in the adapted physical education course is significantly impacted by the instructional methods and educational design of the course. To enhance the quality of the adapted physical education class, the professor and students should negotiate and need clear and focused goals and objectives related to both the lecture and practical sessions.
Ritual Performance and Language in Modern Greek Neopaganism
Authors: Trifyllis Paraskevi 
Published: January 2025

Modern Greek Neopaganism is a phenomenon that has hardly received any serious or systematic academic study. When it comes to focused and specific issues of its history, performance, practices and beliefs, the research situation is even worse. My scholarly engagement with this new religious movement consists in extensive fieldwork during the 2009–2013 period. What became evident to me from the very beginning was the fact that modern Greek Neopaganism is about realizing a Greek/Hellenic identity at the religious level, which unequivocally is regarded by the members of the movement as the most fundamental in one’s life. In this regard, the Greek language features prominently in the ritual performance of the movement, since it most tellingly relates to the intended and desired identity. This is my focus in the present investigation, especially regarding how the ritual discourse of the groups involved realizes, empowers and enhances Greekness both individually and collectively, privately and publicly.
Sámi CD Productions as Promoting Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Chen Xinjie , Harrison Klisala 
Published: January 2025

The number of CDs starring Sámi Indigenous musicians from northern Europe peaked from 2000–2010 due to heavy funding from Norway, Finland and Sweden. Government reports argued that funding such Sámi cultural activities fulfilled the Nordic nations’ cultural heritage obligations under several international conventions, including UNSECO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Analysed here as expressions of soft power, the CDs successfully sustained the Sámi historical vocal expression yoik or joik, its creative practices and Sámi languages via a rooted cosmopolitan aesthetic of indigeneity. Through some song lyrics and visually, many CDs—distributed via international music industry channels—also resisted and subverted colonialism-derived relationships that made their funding possible. The article questions whether and how the CDs ultimately worked as an exertion of soft power for the nation states that funded them, and whether said lyrics and visuals fed into geopolitical decolonization or destabilization.
A concise review- Development of an analytical method and validation of dutasteride
Authors: Jain Pritam S , Chaudhari Hina , Chaudhari Mayuri , Haswani NG 
Published: January 2025

The synthetic 4-azasteroid dutasteride inhibits the type 1 and type 2 isoenzymes of 5-alpha-reductase in a selective and competitive manner. Men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is characterized by an enlarged prostate, may use it. Orally administered dutasteride has a 60% bioavailability and is quickly absorbed.This work focuses on the most recent developments in analytical techniques for quantifying dutasteride in various biological samples (including human plasma), as well as in commercially available dose forms and bulk. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and UV spectroscopy will all be thoroughly examined in this review. The matrix, stationary phase, mobile phase composition, detection wavelength, RF value, retention duration, detection limit (DL), carrier gas, and flow rate are just a few of the characteristics that will be covered.
HIV/AIDS and Family Socio-Economic Development: An Insight from Stakeholders in Metropolitan Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Maigemu Ahmad , Sani Adamu Rufai 
Published: January 2025

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a social problem that affects the life of people in different sphere of human existence. This paper seeks to examine the impact of HIV/AIDS on socio-economic development an insight from stakeholders in Gusau metropolis. Specifically the paper explores how HIV/AIDS disrupt family as a social system; examine the impact of costs treatment on family and proffer solution to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on family. Qualitative method of research was used in the course of this study. This research relies heavily on the open-ended tradition of participatory and qualitative research tools, using specifically In-depth Interviews (IDI). Interview was conducted with ten (10) stakeholders; three (3) from community; two (4) from Non Governmental organisations and three (3) from medical personnel. The study finds out that HIV/AIDS disrupt family system in various ways. It is also finding out that cost of HIV/AIDS treatment negatively affect family income and consequently the study proffer recommendation on way out to HIV/AIDS. The study recommends poverty reduction, public enlightenment as major solution to HIV/AIDS.
Development of Shape-Mimetics Wireless Monitoring System by 3D Printer and its Application to Grasp-Less Handling Based on Ball Rolling Motion with a Dual-Arm Robot and Egg Washing Inspection Process
Authors: Hanai Hiroaki , Mita Yuma , Wada Yuiga , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the development and implementation of a	shape-mimetics wireless monitoring system. A 3D printer is used to	monitoring device, which mimics these shapes, is referred to as a	shape-mimetics wireless monitoring robot. The effectiveness of this	system depends on the complexity of both the shape and the environment.	When both factors are relatively simple, trajectory estimation can be	performed using mathematical modeling. This was validated through	experiments involving the motion of a ball on a horizontal plane using	grasp-less handling. In contrast, when both factors are complex,	vibrations and external forces can be directly monitored as raw data in	a straightforward manner. This was demonstrated during the egg washing	and inspection process, which served as a complex, real-world	application. These results show that the shape-mimetics wireless	monitoring system can achieve continuous trajectory estimation and	monitor vibrations and external forces at a higher sampling frequency	compared to conventional vision-based monitoring systems. The findings	suggest that the proposed system could be beneficial in a wide range of	industries, including manufacturing and food processing.
Особенности метаболизма железа у пациентов с пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурией: результаты одноцентрового амбиспективного клинического исследования
Authors: Латышев Виталий Дмитриевич , Енневайн К. А. , Соловьева А. А. , Киценко А. Е. , Цветаева Н. В. , Лукина Е. А. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal hematologic disease manifesting among others in hemolytic anemia. Due to predominantly intravascular hemolysis, iron metabolism in PNH patients is characterized by a number of features. Pathogenetic treatment with complement C5-inhibitors modifies the course of hemolysis and results in iron metabolic changes.
AIM. To characterize the serum parameters of iron metabolism in PNH patients and to evaluate T2* MRIs of the liver and kidneys.
MATERIALS & METHODS. Serum parameters of iron metabolism measured in 97 analyses and 99 T2* MRIs of the liver and kidneys were assessed in 82 PNH patients treated at the National Research Center for Hematology from 2018 to 2024. Patients were 21–76 years of age (median 39 years); there were 38 women and 44 men.
RESULTS. The analysis focused on the data from 78 PNH patients. Among non-recipients of C5-inhibitors, iron overload in liver tissue was identified in 10/38 (26.3 %) patients. In C5-inhibitor recipients, iron overload in liver tissue was found significantly more often, i.e. in 28/40 (70 %) patients. Iron overload in liver tissue was more pronounced in patients with suboptimal hematologic response to PNH therapy. A renal T2* MRI was performed in 71 patients. In all non-recipients of C5-inhibitors (n = 34), iron overload in renal tissue was detected. In C5-inhibitor recipients, iron overload in renal tissue occurred significantly less often, i.e. in 21/37 (57 %) patients.
CONCLUSION. Iron overload in renal cortex was identified in all PNH patients who were not treated with C5-inhibitors. Iron overload in liver tissue was associated with blood transfusions and suboptimal hematologic response to pathogenetic PNH therapy. In evaluating iron overload in liver and renal tissues, laboratory methods for assessing iron metabolism in PNH patients have lower sensitivity compared to T2* MRI. In PNH patients, the achievement of optimal response to C5-inhibitor treatment is associated with a decrease in severity of iron overload in renal tissue and no hepatic hemosiderosis.
Прогностическое значение экспрессии галектина-1 опухолевыми плазматическими клетками и концентрации некоторых сывороточных цитокинов (IL-2, IL-6, TNF) у пациентов с моноклональной гаммапатией неопределенного значения и множественной миеломой
Authors: Козич Жанна Михайловна , Мартинков В. Н. , Зиновкин Д. А. , Пугачева Ж. Н. , Климкович Н. Н. 
Published: January 2025

AIM. To study the prognostic value of the galectin-1 expression by bone marrow (BM) tumor plasma cells (PCs) and the concentration of serum cytokines (interleukins [IL-2, IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (ММ).
MATERIALS & METHODS. The trial enrolled 129 patients: 77 patients with newly diagnosed MM (median age 64 years) and 52 patients with MGUS (median age 62.5 years) followed-up at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology from 2018 to 2023. All patients underwent general clinical examination as well as BM aspirate cytology with myelogram and iliac BM core biopsy with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of BM biopsy.
RESULTS. In the BM biopsy, the IHC analysis revealed a significant increase of galectin-1 expression (measured by expressing tumor PC count) in MM vs. MGUS patients (p < 0.001). Galectin-1 expression defined as expressing tumor PC count was significantly higher in patients with progressing MGUS compared to progression-free MM patients (p < 0.001). The median galectin-1 expression level was 8.5 % (Q25 0.2 %; Q75 15.7 %) in progression-free MGUS patients and 37.4 % (Q25 24.7 %; Q75 64.0 %) in progressing MGUS patients. Among MM patients, no significant differences were identified either in those with and without tumor progression. The IHC analysis of BM core biopsies in MM patients showed that high galectin-1 expression level is associated with pronounced vasculature but not with fibrotic changes, it also identified an increase in serum concentrations of IL-2 and TNF as well as a direct correlation with β2-microglobulin level. With MGUS progression into ММ, there was a direct correlation between galectin-1 expression level and serum M-protein. An increase of IL-2 concentration was registered only when MGUS progressed into ММ.
CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate the evidence of a high level of galectin-1 expression by tumor PCs in MM. In MGUS, an increase of galectin-1 expression by clonal BM PCs was associated with the disease progression. Galectin-1 expression by clonal BM PCs can well be clinically used as a marker for MGUS progression into MM.
Эффективность и токсичность мобилизации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток цитарабином + Г-КСФ, циклофосфамидом + Г-КСФ и плериксафором + Г-КСФ у пациентов с гематологическими злокачественными опухолями из группы высокого риска неудовлетворител
Authors: Елхова Светлана Сергеевна , Филатова Л. В. , Зюзгин И. С. , Волчёнков С. А. , Крамынин Л. А. , Семиглазова Т. Ю. 
Published: January 2025

AIM. To compare the efficacy and toxicity of various regimens of autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization (cytarabine + G-CSF, cyclophosphamide + G-CSF, and plerixafor + G-CSF) in hematologic malignancy patients with predicted poor HSC collection.
MATERIALS & METHODS. This retrospective study compared the results of autologous HSC mobilization in peripheral blood of 87 hematologic malignancy patients with predicted poor collection. Out of them, 36 patients received cytarabine 400 mg/m2/12 h IV on Day 1 and Day 2 combined with G-CSF 10 µg/kg SC from Day 5 to the last apheresis. In 18 patients, to mobilize autologous HSCs, cyclophosphamide 2–4 g/m2 IV on Day 1 + G-CSF 10 µg/kg SC also from Day 5 were used. The third regimen of autologous HSC mobilization (n = 33) started with G-CSF 10 µg/kg/day SC on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and plerixafor 0.24 µg/kg/day SC was administered on Day 5. The analysis focused on the data from 27 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), 44 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 16 multiple myeloma patients. The median age was 48, 33, and 55 years, respectively.
RESULTS. The median CD34+ cell collection was 8.1 × 106/kg body mass in cytarabine + G-CSF recipients vs. 6.5 × 106/kg in cyclophosphamide + G-CSF and 2.8 × 106/kg in plerixafor + G-CSF recipients (p < 0.0001). Most common complications were thrombocytopenia grade 4 (in 44 % of cytarabine + G-CSF and 6 % of cyclophosphamide + G-CSF recipients; p = 0.004) and neutropenia grade 4 (in 42 % of cytarabine + G-CSF and 22 % of cyclophosphamide + G-CSF recipients; p = 0.23).
CONCLUSION. Cytarabine + G-CSF mobilization of autologous HSCs can well be considered to be an effective and safe regimen for cHL and NHL predicted poor mobilizers. This conclusion, however, does not apply, for a number of reasons, to plasma cell tumor patients. For this category, the determination of an optimal autologous HSC mobilization regimen still remains a highly relevant issue.