bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanatoside C activates the E3 ligase STUB1 to inhibit FOXP3 transcriptional activity and promote antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhou Qian , Yang Tong , Yu Xixi , Li Bo , Liu Jin , Mao Yongxin , Guo Rongxiang , Feng Zhuo , Zhou Li , Zeng Guandi , Li Nan , Liang Jinxia , Liu Lu , Feng Pengju , Shu Hong-Bing , Chen Liang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in inhibiting antitumor immunity, which is dependent on FOXP3-mediated transcriptional activity. However, no Treg-specific therapeutics has been approved for clinical use. We performed a high-throughput screen of FDA-approved drugs for potential inhibitors of FOXP3 transcriptional activity. These efforts identified Lanatoside C (Lac), which potently inhibits FOXP3 activity by causing degradation of RUNX1, a FOXP3-associated component required for its transcriptional activity. Lac directly binds the E3 ligase STUB1, leading to increased polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RUNX1. Lac inhibits Tregs activity and promotes antitumor immunity in a mouse primary lung cancer model. In addition, Lac synergizes with PD-1 inhibitor to shrink lung cancers driven by mutant KRAS in a mouse model. Our findings suggested that the FDA-approved Lac is a Tregs inhibitor and serves as a candidate drug for cancer patients by its own or in combination with existing therapeutics such as PD-1 inhibitors.
LET‐NLM‐Decoder: A WFST‐based asynchronous lazy‐evaluation token‐group decoder for first‐pass neural language model decoding
Authors: Li Fangyi , Lv Hang , Wang Yiming , Xie Lei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNeural language models (NLMs) have been shown to outperform n‐gram language models in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. NLMs are usually used in the second‐pass lattice rescoring rather than the first‐pass decoding, since its encoded infinite history virtually cannot be compiled into static decoding graphs. However, the modeling power of NLMs is not fully leveraged due to the constraints imposed by the lattice, leading to accuracy loss. To improve this, on‐the‐fly composition decoders were proposed to utilize NLMs in first‐pass decoding with increased computational cost. In this paper, an asynchronous lazy‐evaluation token‐group decoder with exact lattice generation is proposed to reduce the computational cost of the on‐the‐fly composition decoder, achieving significant decoding speedup. More specifically, having a novel token‐group with a representative element data structure, the proposed decoder performs lazy‐evaluation which expands the tokens until a word boundary is reached. Furthermore, based on the score of the representative element in a token‐group, the decoder prunes unpromising tokens by an A* algorithm. The experiments show that the proposed decoder can accelerate the vanilla on‐the‐fly composition decoder by up to 6.9 times, and get paths with even better average likelihoods than lattice rescoring approaches.
Hepatic Hilar Nerve Block for Adjunctive Analgesia in Thermal Ablation of Liver Tumors: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Georgiades Marilena , March Christine , Barajas Ordonez Felix , Omari Jazan , Powerski Maciej , Grosser Oliver S , Damm Robert , Pech Maciej 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo determine whether performing a temporary hepatic hilar nerve block in patients undergoing microwave or radiofrequency ablation of primary or secondary hepatic malignancies reduces the requirement for intravenous conscious procedural sedation and analgesia.Fifty patients undergoing percutaneous image-guided liver thermal ablation were included in this single-center prospective randomized controlled trial. The experimental arm received a hepatic hilar nerve block in addition to intravenous medication directly before thermal ablation, whereas the control group underwent thermal ablation solely under intravenous medication, with the possibility of crossover. Student’s t-test and analysis of covariance were performed to determine the block’s efficacy regarding the intraoperative medication requirement.50 patients (22 females, 28 males) were randomly allocated to two groups without significant differences between the cohorts’ baseline patient, clinical, and tumor characteristics. Three control group patients underwent crossover. Initial analysis using Student’s t-test revealed no significant intravenous medication reduction in the control group vs. the test group (190 µg vs. 189 µg fentanyl, P = 0.96 and 1.34 mg vs. 1.60 mg Midazolam, P = 0.19). Thus, ANCOVA was performed to accommodate for heterogeneous ablation conditions (ablation time, total energy applied, affected liver capsule area). The adjusted mean fentanyl dosage was 206 µg vs. 184 µg (control group vs. test group), yielding a significant reduction after block (P = 0.020). None of the patients who received a hepatic hilar nerve block experienced any adverse events during a mean follow-up of nearly six months (range: 0–17 months).This prospective randomized trial confirms that a hepatic hilar nerve block can be safely performed before liver tumor thermal ablation as an adjunct to intravenous medication to reduce opioid consumption and manage pain.
Interventional Management of Benign Biliary Strictures
Authors: Meher Dinesh , Patidar Yashwant 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiliary strictures can occur due to benign and malignant etiologies, of which ∼30% are due to benign causes. The diagnosis of benign biliary strictures (BBSs) is often missed or delayed as many cases present with subtle clinical findings. Clinical presentation in these patients is often variable ranging from asymptomatic to cholangitis and sepsis. Diagnosis can be done using various modalities like ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging helps identify the stricture location, extent as well as etiology of obstruction. Management of BBS requires a multidisciplinary approach of surgeon, gastroenterologist, and interventional radiologist. The percutaneous approach provides an alternative to surgery or endoscopic-guided procedures in biliary stricture treatment with the main advantages being rapid decompression of the biliary system and prompt relief of cholangitis. This review provides an overview of various percutaneous management techniques by interventional radiologists. The various percutaneous techniques like percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, balloon dilatation, plastic or biodegradable stents, magnetic compression anastomosis, and percutaneous endobiliary radiofrequency ablation are discussed.
Embryology of the Vascular System: Implications for Variants
Authors: Patel Ronak K. , Simmons Curtis L. , Ozen Merve 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe vascular system is an intricate system that develops during early periods of embryogenesis. Through a complex signaling pathway of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, embryonic vessels grow and coalesce, which allows nutrient and waste management. Dysfunction in these endothelial cells gives rise to vascular variants. Throughout gestational development, vascular variants can form in different organ systems such as the thoracic cavity, hepatic, renal, and lower pelvis. It is clinically very important for physicians to recognize these variants, as these variants can predispose to certain illnesses and treatment of patients surgically. This article discusses the embryology and vascular variants of the arterial system with a focus on the thoracic cavity, hepatic, renal, and pelvic variations to help aid in minimizing technical complications during procedures.
Diagnosis and Medical Management of Biliary Strictures
Authors: Benintende Andrew , Duggan Erin M. , Thuluvath Avesh J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiliary strictures are a relatively rare condition characterized by narrowing of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Though biliary strictures are most commonly malignant in etiology, both benign and malignant strictures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of an indeterminate biliary stricture is often challenging and requires a comprehensive workup, including laboratory testing, biochemical markers, and imaging and endoscopy, with the primary aims of differentiating malignant versus benign biliary disease and identifying the location, length, and extent of the stricture. A wide range of imaging modalities can be employed in doing so, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Tissue sampling is often required during the workup of indeterminate biliary strictures and is most feasibly obtained through endoscopy. Diagnosis of indeterminant biliary strictures should be prompt to prevent long-term sequelae of the disease. Once diagnosed, the treatment of biliary strictures is guided by the etiology, location, and severity of the stricture. Benign biliary strictures have been historically treated with balloon dilation and stenting. These procedures remain mainstays in treatment, but additional therapeutic advances including radiofrequency ablation, laser stricturotomy, and magnetic compression anastomoses have emerged as novel, potentially beneficial adjuncts. In malignant biliary strictures, the resectability of malignancy is the primary factor determining treatment. Surgical management for resectable malignancies causing malignant biliary strictures remains the gold standard treatment approach. For unresectable malignant biliary strictures, the goal shifts to adequately draining the biliary tree to palliate the patient using similar treatment approaches as benign biliary strictures. With advancing endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical techniques, standard-of-care diagnostic and treatment approaches are likely to continue to evolve to further optimize long-term outcomes.
Glomus Tumor of the Finger Diagnosed on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Lombardi Alecio F. , Martinez Felipe , Long Jeremiah R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA 60-year-old woman with chronic pain in the left long finger, occasionally involving the ring finger and intermittently extending to the hand, wrist, and distal forearm, was referred for radiographs and a triple-phase technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy to evaluate for possible complex regional pain syndrome. Initial radiographs were normal. A three-phase bone scan revealed focal radiotracer uptake at the distal aspect of the long finger during the blood pool phase only, with normal blood flow and delayed phases, suggesting a hypervascular soft tissue tumor. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypervascular nodule in the nail bed of the long finger. The lesion was surgically resected, and pathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a glomus tumor.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Regional Cancer Center in South Asia—A Case Series
Authors: M.N Arunkumar , V. Priyadarshini , Selvarajan Gangothri , Seshadri Ramakrishnan Ayloor , S. Pradeep Jeyakumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction Concurrent chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Recent progress toward an effective chemotherapeutic regime has seen improvement in systemic control; however, local control remains a significant issue. One strategy to improve local control and survival is stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
Objectives This study aims to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with unresectable LAPC treated with SBRT and to assess the outcome.
Material and Methods This is a retrospective observation study of case series involving patients treated with SBRT from January 2015 to December 2023 with unresectable LAPC. Data were recorded from the electronic medical records of the hospital-based cancer registry, and overall survival was calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.
Result We enrolled four patients in this study. This group consisted of four patients with unresectable LAPC who were treated with the FOLFORINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy regime followed by SBRT. For most patients, the radiotherapy dose was 30 to 40 Gy five times per week. These patients exhibited no acute or late toxicity, with 5 to 18 months overall survival.
Conclusion Chemotherapy followed by SBRT is an effective treatment in unresectable LAPC besides chemoradiation.
Low Anterior Resection Syndrome, Role of SNM?
Authors: Marinello Franco 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) includes all bowel dysfunctions after rectal cancer surgery, causing significant damage to survivors' quality of life. Among different therapeutical approaches, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has become an interesting technique to palliate LARS symptoms. This article highlights the pathophysiology of LARS, describing the most important aspects of SNM in this scenario.
The reliability of latex weak links on radio collars used to track eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
Authors: Chen Tian , Davis Naomi , Whiteley Pam , Skerratt Lee F. , El-Hage Charles , Hufschmid Jasmin 
Published: February 2025

Telemetry neck collars are commonly used to collect spatial data on free ranging animals. Two major challenges in application are entanglement prevention and retrieval of the collars after the study. Weak links made of a degradable material that breaks down while deployed on the animal are a potential solution to reduce entanglement and prevent the need to capture or sedate animals for retrieval. However, weak links can perform inconsistently depending on an animal’s behaviour and environmental factors such as heat and humidity. A study of disease in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Victoria, Australia, provided an opportunity to test the performance of 35 radio collars fitted with a latex weak link between May and July 2022. At the conclusion of the study, 20 collars were manually removed from euthanised animals, and 15 detached in the field; all of these broke at the weak link. Of the 15 detached collars, 10 dropped from live animals due to degradation between 106 and 208 days (mean = 147 days) after deployment, four kangaroos were found dead and their collars were retrieved nearby and one dropped immediately after attachment. The performance of the device in this study demonstrates the utility of weak links as a cheap and simple remote detachment tool to prevent entanglement and achieve remote detachment of neck collars during animal tracking studies.
Integrated approaches to maximizing maize resistance to fall armyworm
Authors: Woolfolk Sandra W. , Jeffers Daniel , Hawkins Leigh K. , Uhdre Renan , Ni Xinzhi , Warburton Marilyn L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW) is a serious pest of maize causing major yield loss throughout the world. FAW management is not easy primarily due to its ability to migrate into areas lacking resistant cultivars, lack of diapause, and evolving resistance to control measures. Here, we discuss genetics of both maize and FAW and deployment of genetic control including historical resistance breeding efforts, transgenic
Bt
traits, gene identification studies to promote marker-assisted selection, and various recent advancements to accelerate maize improvement such as genome editing, genomic selection, high throughput phenotyping, and RNAi. FAW management can also be achieved using an integrated pest management approach. Challenges to IPM control include climate change, complex cropping systems and the wide range of hosts for FAW. We suggest that multinational cooperative public and private research will be needed to create an integrated insect resistance management (IIRM) approach for FAW control tying together genetics of the crop, the pest, and insect predators; genetic and agronomic monitoring and control methods; and a changing environment. This will give breeders the time to use advanced plant breeding techniques to create and deploy maize cultivars with stress resilience, yield stability and grain quality.
Effect of over and undercharging on intercalation induced stress in lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt electrode
Authors: Tomar Ishu , Sarkar Abhishek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries are prone to delamination under over-voltage and fast charging conditions. This causes loss of active materials, reduction of battery capacity, and cycle life. This work develops a physics-based model to simulate the effect of over and undercharging of different cathode particle sizes in a composite electrode. A chemo-mechanical model is designed to simulate the non-linear volumetric expansion of a range of electrode particle sizes encapsulated in a binder, under different voltage conditions. The cathode fracture is modelled under fast charging conditions due to fatigue loading caused by (de)lithiation of lithium-ions during electrochemical cycling of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode in a half-cell arrangement. Two modes of degradation are considered, i.e., particle surface is free, and particle surface is fixed. Paris’ law is used to model the growth of fatigue cracks. The variation of tangential and radial stress in the particle and film are presented for the charging rate (1C – 4C). The results predict crack growth and conditions of failure in the electrode during electrochemical cycling under various charging rates. Finally, an intuitive capacity loss model is developed to predict the cycle life and active material losses due to film delamination and particle fracture.&#xD;
Study on the influence of airborne LiDAR measurement data representation method on DRL-based UAV navigation performance
Authors: Sheng Yuanyuan , Liu Huanyu , Li Junbao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV navigation based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a current research focus. In the existing research on UAV navigation based on LiDAR, most of them construct the state space of DRL using the direct measurement data of LiDAR, ignoring the impact of the representation method of LiDAR measurement data on navigation performance. To address this issue, this study analyzed the characteristics of different representation methods of LiDAR measurement data. Considering the impact of UAV angle changes, the LiDAR measurement data were represented by polar coordinates and Cartesian coordinates respectively to construct the state space of the UAV navigation model. Based on two classic DRL frameworks, through a large number of flight tests in complex static and dynamic scenarios, it was found that when considering the dynamic information of the environment, the models based on polar coordinates and Cartesian coordinates have better navigation performance, which provides new ideas for the effective utilization of LiDAR perception information.
Competitive mechanism between light extraction efficiency and sidewall passivated effect in the green micro-LEDs with varied thickness of Al2O3 layer
Authors: Deng Youcai , Li Denghai , Dai Yurong , Lin Zongmin , Lin Youqin , Liu Zongyuan , Chen Xinxing , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chen Zhong , Lai Shouqiang , Wu Tingzhu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, green micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) with Al2O3 layers of varying thicknesses (0, 30, 60, and 90 nm) was fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. The optoelectronic characteristics of devices was measured and investigated. Current–voltage (I–V) measurements indicate that the ALD passivation layer effectively reduces leakage current. By applying the ABC + f(n) model to analyze external quantum efficiency, the internal physical mechanisms that the ALD passivation layer enhances the optoelectronic performance of green μ-LEDs was identified. Optical simulations demonstrated the transmittance relationship for different ALD passivation layer thicknesses, explaining improvements of light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, aging tests confirmed that the ALD passivation layer significantly increases the stability of green μ-LEDs. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the luminous efficiency and reliability of green μ-LEDs.
Acoustic holography in biomedical applications
Authors: Burstow Rachel , Andrés Diana , Jiménez Noé , Camarena Francisco , Thanou Maya , Pouliopoulos Antonios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acoustic holography can be used to construct a desired wavefront at a desired 2D plane or 3D volume by beam shaping an emitted field and is a relatively new technique in the field of biomedical applications. Acoustic holography was first theorized in 1985 following Gabor's work in creating optical holograms in the 1940s, and the recent developments in 3D printing have led to an easier and faster way to manufacture monolithic acoustic holographic lenses which can be attached to single element transducers. As ultrasound passes through the lens material, a phase shift is applied to the waves, causing an interference pattern at the 2D image plane which forms the desired pressure field. This technology has many applications already in use and has become of increasing interest for the medical community, particularly for treating regions that are notoriously difficult to operate on, such as the brain. Acoustic holograms could provide a non-invasive, precise, and patient specific way to deliver drugs, induce hyperthermia, create tissue cell patterns, and help many other fields of medicine. However, there are still limitations holding acoustic holograms back such as the difficulties in creating 3D holograms and the passivity of the monolithic lenses. This review will aim to outline the biomedical applications of acoustic holograms reported to date and discuss their current limitations and the future work that is needed for them to reach their full potential in the biomedical community.
On electromagnetic perturbations of geodesic acoustic modes in anisotropic tokamak plasmas
Authors: Chen Zhe , Ren Haijun , Wang Hao , Roach Colin M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electromagnetic geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are analytically investigated in tokamak plasmas with anisotropy, utilizing gyro-kinetic equations and a rigorously self-consistent anisotropic distribution. When including first-order finite-orbit-width effects and first-order finite-Larmor-radius effects, it is proven that the anisotropy with an arbitrary strength does not induce the m=±1 harmonics of A∥
, where m and A∥
denote the poloidal wavenumber and the parallel component of the perturbed magnetic vector potential, respectively. The rigorously self-consistent anisotropy introduces an equilibrium electrostatic field with poloidally asymmetric structure, and consequently induces an additional E×B drift term within the gyro-kinetic equation. This equilibrium electrostatic field inhibits the anisotropy from generating non-zero m=±1 harmonics of A∥
. Indeed we demonstrate that introducing anistropy self-consistently into the equilibrium quantitatively influences m=±1,2 harmonics of the perturbed electrostatic potential, but only the m=±2 harmonics of A∥
.