bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rose by another name? Characteristics that distinguish headache secondary to temporomandibular disorder from headache that is comorbid with temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Slade Gary D. , Fillingim Roger B. , Ohrbach Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Co-occurring pain conditions that affect overlapping body regions are complicated by the distinction between primary vs secondary pain conditions. We investigate the occurrence of headache and painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a community-based, cross-sectional study of US adults in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA-II) study. A specific goal was to determine whether headache attributed to TMD is separable from primary headache. Using DC/TMD and International Classification of Headache Disorders—third edition criteria, 3 groups of individuals were created: (a) headache without TMD; (b) headache comorbid with TMD; and (c) headache attributed to TMD. Regression models compared study groups according to demographic and comorbid characteristics, and post hoc contrasts tested for differences. Descriptive statistics and Cohen d effect size were computed, by group, for each predictor variable. Differences in continuous predictors were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Nearly all demographic and comorbid variables distinguished the combined headache and TMD groups from the group with headache alone. Relative to the reference group with primary headache alone, markers related to headache, TMD, somatic pain processing, psychosocial, and health conditions were substantially greater in both headache comorbid with TMD and headache attributed to TMD, attesting to their qualitative similarities. However, effect sizes relative to the reference group were large for headache comorbid with TMD and larger again for headache attributed to TMD, attesting to their separability in quantitative terms. In summary, the presence of overlapping painful TMD and headache adds substantially to the biopsychosocial burden of headache and points to the importance of comprehensive assessment and differential management.
Vertical Versus Horizontal Assessment Methods for Scoring Physiotherapy Entrance Interviews
Authors: Smith-Turchyn Jenna , Macedo Luciana , Wojkowski Sarah , Spadoni Gregory F. , Stratford Paul W. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to provide insight into carryover bias in the vertical and horizontal methods of assessing virtual admission interviews for physiotherapy candidates and to estimate interrater reliability of items within the 2 assessment methods and assessors’ satisfaction with the new horizontal method of assessment.

Methods:
This was a quality improvement study using retrospective data analysis of 2 datasets. The vertical scoring method (2020 dataset) consisted of 2 assessors scoring all items for a single candidate. The horizontal method (2021 dataset) had assessors evaluate selected candidates for a single group of items. Assessors completed a virtual survey asking about their satisfaction with the new horizontal scoring method. To investigate carryover bias, multiquestion, multirater correlation matrices were generated for the 2020 and 2021 datasets. Interrater reliability was examined by calculating Shrout and Fleiss class 1 and 2 intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize scaling questions on the satisfaction survey. Open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis to identify common themes.

Results:
Correlation matrices for the multiquestion, multirater correlation analysis supported carryover bias in the analysis of the 2020 dataset. In contrast for the 2021 data, higher correlations were obtained between raters within a question, demonstrating a reduced carryover effect. Interrater reliability based on the average of 2 raters was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.70–0.77) for the 2020 cohort and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.02–0.22) for the 2021 cohort. The ICC difference between the datasets was statistically significant (Z = 2.40, P = .016). Most assessors agreed that they enjoyed reviewing applicants more horizontally than vertically.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Results of this study demonstrated reduced carryover bias and increased interrater reliability and assessor satisfaction with the horizontal method of scoring physiotherapy admissions interviews compared with the traditional vertical method. Continued exploration of admissions processes is vital to ensure the fairest method of conducting online physiotherapy admission interviews for a large pool of candidates.
A case report of a young woman with spinal tuberculosis: Pharmacological managements and rehabilitation approach (CARE- compliant)
Authors: Al-Mahmood Md. Rashid 
Published: September 2022

A case report of a young woman with spinal tuberculosis: Pharmacological managements and rehabilitation approach (CARE- compliant)
Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is one of the rare form of TB in young patient. This can result in serious complications if left untreated or treated inadequately. A different rehabilitation approach is needed for this spinal condition without which there is a chance of poor prognosis.
Our patient, 21 years old women, presented with complaints of upper back pain for 7-month and occasional fever for 5-month. This chronic upper back pain was mild to moderate in nature and shared both mechanical and inflammatory features. Fever was occasional, low grade and evening rise of temperature was present. She had anemia, tender upper thoracic area and normal neurological findings.
She was diagnosed as tubercular spondylodiscitis from histopathology, MRI and biochemical evidence. She was treated with antiTB chemotherapies for 6 months with inadequate response and continued long for 12 months after further evaluation. A customized, extensive rehabilitation program was planned for her considering short term and long-term outcomes.
Duration of anti TB drugs in extra pulmonary TB is a debate. Medical diagnosis and rehabilitation both are equally necessary for improving quality of life. Early diagnosis, proper drug treatment and customized rehabilitation can give nearly full remedy.
EZH2 Protein Expression in Estrogen Receptor Positive Invasive Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy: An Exploratory Study of Association With Tumor Response
Authors: Gan Yujun , Lo Yungtai , Makower Della , Kleer Celina , Lu Jinyu , Fineberg Susan 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) can be used to treat estrogen receptor positive (ER+) invasive breast cancer (IBC). Tumors with Ki67>10% after 2 to 4 weeks of NET are considered resistant to endocrine therapy. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is a targetable oncoprotein and overexpression in ER+ IBC has been linked to resistance to endocrine therapy. We examined whether EZH2 expression levels in ER+ IBC could be used to predict response to NET.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively identified 46 patients with localized ER+ HER2/neu negative IBC treated with a minimum of 4 weeks of NET. We quantified EZH2 nuclear expression in pretherapy core biopsies using a score that included intensity and percent of cells staining. Ki67 was evaluated in both pretherapy core biopsies and posttherapy tumor resections and scored according to the guidelines of the International Ki67 Working Groups, with a global weighted score. Ki67≤10% after NET was considered endocrine responsive. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between EZH2 expression and response to NET.

Results:
We found significant associations of tumor grade (P=0.011), pretherapy Ki67 (P=0.003), and EZH2 (P<0.001), with response to NET. On logistic regression adjusted for tumor grade and pretherapy Ki67, increased EZH2 scores were associated with decreased odds of endocrine responsiveness, defined as posttreatment Ki67≤10% (odds ratio=0.976, 95% CI, 0.956 to 0.997; P=0.026). In addition, with EZH2 score in the model, associations of tumor grade and pretreatment Ki67 with posttreatment Ki67≤10% response to NET became not significant.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that EZH2 might be a useful biomarker to predict response to NET.
Gait initiation impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait
Authors: Palmisano Chiara , Beccaria Laura , Haufe Stefan , Volkmann Jens , Pezzoli Gianni , Isaias Ioannis U. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveFreezing of gait (FOG) is a sudden episodic inability to produce effective stepping despite the intention to walk. It typically occurs during gait initiation or modulation and may lead to falls and loss of independence. We assessed gait initiation (GI) changes in parkinsonian patients suffering from FOG when off dopaminergic medications, removing correlations with anthropometric measurements, the base of support, and initial stance posture. We also addressed the temporal pattern of segmental body movements subserving gait initiation.MethodsWe studied 23 subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and FOG (PDF), 20 patients with PD and no previous history of FOG (PDNF), and 20 healthy controls (HC). Kinematic and dynamic analysis of anticipatory postural adjustments (imbalance, unloading, stepping phase) was performed while patients were starting gait from upright standing after a self-selected period, to avoid any effect of cueing on gait initiation.ResultsThe center of pressure (CoP) displacement and velocity during imbalance showed a significant impairment in both PDNF and PDF, more prominent in the latter patients. Several measurements were specifically impaired in PDF patients, especially the CoP displacement along the anteroposterior axis during unloading. The pattern of segmental center of mass (SCoM) movements during gait initiation did not show any differences between groups, but had high inter-subject variability. The standing postural profile preceding GI did not correlate with outcome measurements.ConclusionsOur results showed impaired motor programming at gait initiation in parkinsonian patients. The more prominent deterioration of unloading in PDF patients might suggest impaired processing and integration of somatosensory information subserving gait initiation. The unaltered temporal movement sequencing of SCoM in both PDNF and PDF might indicate some compensatory cerebellar mechanisms triggering time-locked models of body mechanics in PD.
Leveraging Natural Language Processing and Geospatial Time Series Model to Analyze COVID-19 Vaccination Sentiment Dynamics from Tweets
Authors: Ye Jiancheng , Hai Jiarui , Wang Zidan , Wei Chumei , Song Alan Jiacheng 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop and apply a natural language processing (NLP) – based approach to analyze public sentiments on social media and their geographic pattern in the United States toward COVID-19 vaccination. We also provide insights to facilitate the understanding of the public attitudes and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsWe collected Tweet posts by the residents in the United States after the official dissemination of the COVID-19 vaccine. We performed sentiment analysis based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and qualitative content analysis. Time series models were leveraged to describe sentiment trends. Key topics were analyzed longitudinally and geospatially.ResultsA total of 3,198,686 Tweets related to COVID-19 vaccination were extracted from January 2021 to February 2022. 2,358,783 Tweets were identified to contain clear opinions, among which 824,755 (35.0%) expressed negative opinions towards vaccination while 1,534,028 (65.0%) demonstrated positive opinions. The accuracy of the BERT model was 79.67%. The key hashtag-based topics include Pfizer, breaking, wearamask, and smartnews. The sentiment towards vaccination across the states showed manifest variability. Key barriers to vaccination include mistrust, hesitancy, safety concern, misinformation, and inequity.ConclusionWe found that opinions toward the COVID-19 vaccination varied across different places and over time. This study demonstrates the potential of an analytical pipeline, which integrates NLP-enabled modeling, time series, and geospatial analyses of social media data. Such analyses could enable real-time assessment, at scale, of public confidence and trust in COVID-19 vaccination, help address the concerns of vaccine skeptics, and provide support for developing tailored policies and communication strategies to maximize uptake.
The spectrum of rare and novel indel mutations responsible for β Thalassemia in eastern India
Authors: Sinha Sajan , Bhattacharya Paramita , Das Mrinal Kanti , Dutta Atanu Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThere is limited data available regarding the clinical utility of routine molecular diagnosis of β Thalassaemia in addition to HPLC-based screening in low resource settings. The current study highlights the caveats of an HPLC-based screening compared to the inclusion of genetic confirmation as a second-tier test and its implications in terms of genotype-phenotype correlation.Material and MethodsA prospective, institution-based, observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine, including 103 children aged up to 12 years. Five common mutations for β Thalassemia and the HbE mutation in the HBB gene were tested by a two-tiered approach using multiplex ARMS PCR and PCR RFLP methods respectively. Sanger sequencing of all three exons of the HBB gene was performed in all negative cases.ResultsSequencing revealed many rare pathogenic mutations like c.316-106C>G (dbSNP: 34690599); Hb Kairouan (c.92G>C); c.33C>A (dbSNP rs35799536); c.47G>A (dbSNP rs63750783); c.51delC (HbVar ID 799); c.[93-2A>C] and c.118C>T (HbVar ID 845). We detected a novel Pathogenic M_000518.5(HBB):c.164_168delinsGGCATCA (p.Val55fs) mutation in a heterozygous state which was reported in the ClinVar database with accession ID VCV000590977.2. We also encountered several cases of silent carrier on HPLC and de novo occurrence of mutation.ConclusionWe conclude that the multiplex touchdown ARMS PCR methodology employed in the present study provides a low-cost solution for molecular diagnostics of Β Thalassaemia. The problem of silent carriers in HPLC is significant enough to rethink if we need supplemental genetic testing in the couple when one of the partners is a carrier.
Metformin is Associated with Reduced COVID-19 Severity in Patients with Prediabetes
Authors: Chan Lauren E. , Casiraghi Elena , Laraway Bryan , Coleman Ben , Blau Hannah , Zaman Adnin , Harris Nomi , Wilkins Kenneth , Gargano Michael , Valentini Giorgio , Sahner David , Haendel Melissa , Robinson Peter N. , Bramante Carolyn , Reese Justin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, identifying medications that improve COVID-19 outcomes is crucial. Studies suggest that use of metformin, an oral antihyperglycemic, is associated with reduced COVID-19 severity in individuals with diabetes compared to other antihyperglycemic medications. Some patients without diabetes, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and prediabetes, are prescribed metformin for off-label use, which provides an opportunity to further investigate the effect of metformin on COVID-19.ParticipantsIn this observational, retrospective analysis, we leveraged the harmonized electronic health record data from 53 hospitals to construct cohorts of COVID-19 positive, metformin users without diabetes and propensity-weighted control users of levothyroxine (a medication for hypothyroidism that is not known to affect COVID-19 outcome) who had either PCOS (n = 282) or prediabetes (n = 3136). The primary outcome of interest was COVID-19 severity, which was classified as: mild, mild ED (emergency department), moderate, severe, or mortality/hospice.ResultsIn the prediabetes cohort, metformin use was associated with a lower rate of COVID-19 with severity of mild ED or worse (OR: 0.630, 95% CI 0.450 - 0.882, p < 0.05) and a lower rate of COVID-19 with severity of moderate or worse (OR: 0.490, 95% CI 0.336 - 0.715, p < 0.001). In patients with PCOS, we found no significant association between metformin use and COVID-19 severity, although the number of patients was relatively small.ConclusionsMetformin was associated with less severe COVID-19 in patients with prediabetes, as seen in previous studies of patients with diabetes. This is an important finding, since prediabetes affects between 19 and 38% of the US population, and COVID-19 is an ongoing public health emergency. Further observational and prospective studies will clarify the relationship between metformin and COVID-19 severity in patients with prediabetes, and whether metformin usage may reduce COVID-19 severity.
Sequence to graph alignment using gap-sensitive co-linear chaining
Authors: Chandra Ghanshyam , Jain Chirag 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCo-linear chaining is a widely used technique in sequence alignment tools that follow seed-filter-extend methodology. It is a mathematically rigorous approach to combine short exact matches. For colinear chaining between two sequences, efficient subquadratic-time chaining algorithms are well-known for linear, concave and convex gap cost functions [Eppsteinet al. JACM’92]. However, developing extensions of chaining algorithms for directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) has been challenging. Recently, a new sparse dynamic programming framework was introduced that exploits small path cover of pangenome reference DAGs, and enables efficient chaining [Makinenet al. TALG’19, RECOMB’18]. However, the underlying problem formulation did not consider gap cost which makes chaining less effective in practice. To address this, we develop novel problem formulations and optimal chaining algorithms that support a variety of gap cost functions. We demonstrate empirically the ability of our provably-good chaining implementation to align long reads more precisely in comparison to existing aligners. For mapping simulated long reads from human genome to a pangenome DAG of 95 human haplotypes, we achieve 98.7% precision while leaving<2% reads unmapped.Implementationhttps://github.com/at-cg/minichain
Isolating the effect of COVID-19 related disruptions on HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2020
Authors: Viguerie Alex , Song Ruiguang , Johnson Anna Satcher , Lyles Cynthia M. , Hernandez Angela , Farnham Paul G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnoses of HIV in the US decreased by 17% in 2020 due to COVID-related disruptions. The extent to which this decrease is attributable to changes in HIV testing versus HIV transmission is unclear. We seek to better understand this issue by analyzing the discrepancy in expected versus observed HIV diagnoses in 2020 among persons who acquired HIV between 2010-2019, as changes in diagnosis patterns in this cohort cannot be attributed to changes in transmission.MethodsWe developed three methods based on the CD4-depletion model to estimate excess missed diagnoses in 2020 among persons with HIV (PWH) infected from 2010-2019. We stratified the results by transmission group, sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and region to examine differences by group and confirm the reliability of our estimates. We performed similar analyses projecting diagnoses in 2019 among PWH infected from 2010-2018 to evaluate the accuracy of our methods against surveillance data.ResultsThere were approximately 3100-3300 (approximately 18%) fewer diagnoses than expected in 2020 among PWH infected from 2010-2019. Females (at birth), heterosexuals, persons who inject drugs, and Hispanic/Latino PWH missed diagnoses at higher levels than the overall population. Validation and stratification analyses confirmed the accuracy and reliability of our estimates.ConclusionsThe substantial drop in number of previously infected PWH diagnosed in 2020, suggests that changes in testing played a substantial role in the observed decrease. Levels of missed diagnoses differed substantially across population subgroups. Increasing testing efforts and innovative strategies to reach undiagnosed PWH are needed to offset this diagnosis gap. These analyses may be used to inform future estimates of HIV transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessing Artificial Intelligence Models to Diagnose and Differentiate Common Liver Carcinomas
Authors: Thomas MG , Mastorides SM , Borkowski SA , Reed JR , Deland LA , Thomas LB , Borkowski AA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care delivery is growing rapidly. Due to its visual nature, the specialty of anatomic pathology has great promise for applications in AI. We examine the potential of six different AI models for differentiating and diagnosing the three most common primary liver tumors: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and combined HCC and CCA (cHCC/CCA). Our results demonstrated that for all three diagnoses, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was ≥ 94% in the best model tested, with results ≥ 92% in all categories in three of the models. These values are comparable to interpretation by general pathologists alone and demonstrate AI’s potential in interpreting patient specimens for primary liver carcinoma. Applications such as these have multiple implications for delivering quality patient care, including assisting with intraoperative consultations and providing a rapid “second opinion” for confirmation and increased accuracy of final diagnoses. These applications may be particularly useful in underserved areas with shortages of subspecialized pathologists or after hours in larger medical centers. In addition, AI models such as these can decrease turnaround times and the inter- and intra-observer variability well documented in pathologic diagnoses. AI offers great potential in assisting pathologists in their day-to-day practice.
Increased rostral medial frontal GABA+ in early psychosis is obscured by levels of negative affect
Authors: Simmonite Molly , Yao Beier , Welsh Robert C. , Taylor Stephan F. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence suggests dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons in psychosis, and prior research has linked GABAergic function with a tendency toward negative affective states. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies measuring GABA have yielded inconsistent findings. We investigate GABA concentrations in young adults with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) and first episode psychosis (FEP), as well as testing the hypothesis that negative affect is a clinical phenotype that is associated with reduced GABA.MaterialsMRS data were obtained from 14 patients with FEP, 7 patients with APS and 15 healthy controls (HC), using a MEGA-PRESS sequence on a 3T Philips Ingenia scanner. Voxels were placed in rostral MFC and midline-occipital cortex. Gannet 3.1 was used to determine GABA+ and Glx (glutamate and glutamine combined) concentrations.ResultsWe found a trend towards increased rostral MFC GABA+ concentrations in FEP, but no group differences in occipital GABA+ concentrations. When covarying for scores on the Psychological Stress Index, rostral MFC GABA+ levels in FEP were significantly greater than APS and HC. Planned comparisons revealed a trend towards increased rostral MFC GABA+ in APS relative to HC. No group differences in Glx or occipital GABA+ were found.ConclusionThese results, considered alongside previously published findings, suggest multiple factors influencing GABA+ in psychosis. We conclude a process exists which drives up GABA+ in early psychosis, alongside a separate process in which reduced GABA+ is associated with increased negative affect. These multiple processes have resulted in contradictory findings, and their untangling is critical to understanding of GABA+ in psychosis.