bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Continuing Professional Development Imperative? Examining Trends and Characteristics of Health Professions Education Doctoral Programs
Authors: Kulo Violet , Cestone Christina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the long-standing faculty development initiatives for improving teaching skills in the health professions, there is still a growing need for educators who are formally trained in educational theory and practice as health professions experience dramatic demand and growth. Doctoral programs in health professions education (HPE) provide an avenue for health professions’ faculty continuing professional development (CPD) to enhance their knowledge and skills for teaching and curriculum leadership roles. There has been a proliferation of graduate programs in HPE over the last two decades to respond to the growing need for well-prepared faculty educators and program leadership. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe HPE doctoral programs in United States (U.S.) and Canada.
Methods
This study first examined doctoral programs in HPE identified in earlier studies. Next, we searched the literature and the web to identify new doctoral programs in the U.S. and Canada that had been established between 2014, when the prior study was conducted, and 2022. We then collated and described the characteristics of these programs, highlighting their similarities and differences.
Results
We identified a total of 20 doctoral programs, 17 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada. Of these, 12 programs in the U.S. and 1 program in Canada were established in the last 8 years. There are many similarities and some notable differences across programs with respect to degree title, admission requirements, duration, delivery format, curriculum, and graduation requirements. Most programs are delivered in a hybrid format and the average time for completion is 4 years.
Conclusions
The workforce problem facing health professional schools presents an opportunity, or perhaps imperative, for continuing professional development in HPE. With the current exponential growth of new doctoral programs, there is a need to standardize the title, degree requirements, and further develop core competencies that guide the knowledge and skills HPE graduates are expected to have upon graduation.
Socioeconomic inequities in the use of specialized health services following COVID-19 infection in individuals from Southern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Yohana Pereira , Rocha Juliana Quadros Santos , Dutra Rinelly Pazinato , Nunes Lorrany da Silva , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Evidence on inequalities in the use of health services is important for public policy formulation, even more so in a pandemic context. The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic inequities in the use of specialized health services according to health insurance and income, following COVID-19 infection in individuals residing in Southern Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional telephone survey with individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 using the RT-PCR test between December 2020 and March 2021. Questions were asked about attendance at a health care facility following COVID-19 infection, the facilities used, health insurance and income. Inequalities were assessed by the following measures: Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CIX). Adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment using the Stata 16.1 statistical package.
Results: 2,919 people (76.4% of those eligible) were interviewed. Of these, 24.7% (95%CI 23.2; 36.3) used at least one specialized health service and 20.3% (95%CI 18.9; 21.8) had at least one consultation with a medical specialist after diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Individuals with health insurance were more likely to use specialist services. The probability of using specialized services was up to three times higher among the richest compared to the poorest. Conclusions: There are socioeconomic inequalities in the use of specialized services by individuals following COVID-19 infection in the far south of Brazil. There is a need to reduce difficulty in accessing and using specialized services.
Subsurface structures of the Tuaheni Landslide Complex at the upper slope of the northern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand, revealed by seismic attribute analysis
Authors: Shankar Uma , Ojha Maheswar , Ghosh Ranjana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tuaheni Landslide Complex, located on the upper slope of the northern Hikurangi margin in New Zealand, is a unique location to study slow slip creep-like deformation and seafloor failure, as well as their possible relationship to the presence of gas hydrate, cold seeps, and fluid migration. Based on the visual interpretation of seismic data, sometimes it is very difficult to identify various subsurface structures and tectonic features. We study certain seismic attributes namely reflection-strength, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase, and Hilbert Transform in the Tuaheni Landslide Complex and observe that these attributes play a very important role to identify and interpret various subsurface geological features, which are not visible in the seismic sections. These seismic attributes nicely illustrate the fluid migration pathways, the decollement of the sediment slide, the base of the debris flow, the base of the deformed sediment and gas migration, etc. along two perpendicular seismic profiles crossing the well Site U1517 of IODP Expedition 372. The possible role of tectonic activity and seafloor slope failure due to gas hydrate dissociation and vice versa are clearly visible through fluid-filled weak zones in the seismic attribute volumes.
Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Imaging Evaluation of Intestinal Obstruction in Adults at Tertiary Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Ali Abdihamid Mohamed , Mohamed Yahye Garad , Mohamed Abdulkadir Nor , Güler Ilkay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Intestinal obstruction is a potential surgical emergency condition with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The most prevalent causes of intestinal obstruction in adults are adhesions, which are followed by incarcerated hernias and tumors.
Methods: A three-year retrospective data study of adult patients treated with IO at the Mogadishu Somalia Turkey training and research hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, between June 1, 2019, and June 1, 2022.
Results: A majority (67%) of our study were male showing the male predominance of the disease with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The patients demonstrated a variety of signs and symptoms, but the most prominent manifestations were nausea and vomiting (93.2%), abdominal distension (90.2%), and failure to feces /flatus (70.8%). The majority of the patient 98(95.1%) with intestinal obstruction was treated under operative management, whereas conservative management (i.e., nasogastric tube decompression, intravenous antibiotics, and intravenous fluid resuscitation) was applied in 4.9% of cases. surgical site infections were the main cause of their postoperative complications, According to the patient's hospital stays, the majority of patient (52%) hospitalizations lasted between 8 and 14 days. the overall mortality rate in this study was 5(4.9%),
Discussion: Intestinal obstruction is one of the most common life-threatening emergencies all over the world presenting as acute abdomen and requiring surgical admission and management, Surgeons should keep up their aggressive approach to the elective treatment of all abdominal hernias and prompt surgical intervention in patients who have acute mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by incarcerated hernias. According to Mr. Hamilton Bailey, The sun should not rise and set on an unresolved case of intestinal obstruction
The mortality rate related to intestinal obstruction was associated with the late presentation of the disease.
Conclusion: Small bowel obstruction is more frequent than large bowel obstruction in this study, fibrous adhesion and incarcerated hernia were the leading causes of small bowel obstruction. Adhesiolysis and resection of non-viable. Bowel resection and anastomosis were the most frequent intraoperative procedures. More research utilizing prospective study designs is recommended.
Himalayan valley-floor widths controlled by tectonics rather than water discharge
Authors: Clubb Fiona , Mudd Simon , Schildgen Taylor , Beek Peter van der , Devrani Rahul , Sinclair Hugh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Himalayan rivers transport ≈ 103 Mt of sediment annually to ocean basins. River valleys are an important component of this routing system: while sediment is stored in valleys, signals of climate change and erosional patterns can be modified or even destroyed. Despite a critical need to understand the spatial distribution, volume and longevity of these valley fills, controls on valley location and geometry are unknown, and estimates of sediment volumes are based on never-tested assumptions of valley widening processes. Here we extract 1,644,215 valley-floor width measurements across the Himalaya to determine the dominant controls on valley-floor morphology for the first time, and to test underlying assumptions of sediment storage volumes. We use random forest regression to estimate the importance of potential controlling variables, and find that channel steepness, a proxy for rock uplift, is a first-order control on valley-floor width. We also analyse a novel dataset of 1,797 exhumation rates and find that valley-floor width decreases as exhumation rate increases. We therefore suggest that valley-floor width is adjusted to long-term tectonic exhumation rather than being controlled by water discharge or bedrock erodibility, and that valley widening predominantly results from sediment deposition along low-gradient valley floors rather than lateral bedrock erosion.
Preventing metastatic recurrence in low-risk ER/PR+ breast cancer patients – a retrospective clinical study exploring the evolving challenge of persistence with adjuvant endocrine therapy
Authors: Kuhn Elaine Patricia , Pirruccello Jonathan , Boothe James T. , Stahl James E. , Schwartz Gary N. , Chamberlin Mary D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In the genomic era, more women with low-risk breast cancer will forego chemotherapy and rely on adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) to prevent metastatic recurrence. However, some of these patients will unfortunately relapse. We sought to understand this outcome. Preliminary work suggested that early discontinuation of AET, also known as non-persistence, may play an important role. A retrospective analysis exploring factors related to our breast cancer patients’ non-persistence with AET was performed.
Methods: Women who underwent Oncotype DX® testing between 2011-2014 with minimum 5-year follow-up were included. ‘Low risk’ was defined as Oncotype score < 26. Outcomes of recurrence and persistence were determined by chart review. Patient, tumor and treatment factors were collected, and persistent vs non-persistent groups compared using multivariable ANOVA and Fisher Chi square exact test.
Results: We identified 6 cases of distant recurrence among low-risk patients with a median follow-up of 7.7 years. Among them, 5 of 6 patients (83%) were non-persistent with AET. The non-persistence rate in our cohort regardless of recurrence was 57/228 (25%). Non-persistent patients reported more severe side effects compared with persistent patients (p=0.002) andwere more likely to be offered a switch in endocrine therapy, rather than symptom-relief (p=0.006). In contrast, persistent patients were 10.3 times more likely to have been offeredsymptom-alleviating medications compared with non-persistent patients (p<0.001). A subset analysis revealed that patients who persisted with therapy had a higher Oncotype-DX® score than patients who discontinued early (p=0.028).
Conclusions: Metastatic recurrence in low-risk breast cancer patients may be primarily due to non-persistence with endocrine therapy. Further work is needed to optimize care for patients who struggle with side effects. To our knowledge, these are the first published data suggesting that Oncotype-DX® score may influence persistence with AET.
Reinforced Screw Fixation of Severe Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Femur Evans II Fracture Biomechanics Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis
Authors: An Huigang , Hairula Jingele , Jinsihan Najiahai , Abuduwake Maihesumu , Feng Xingchao , Hajiaheman Yeerzhati , Cao Li , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare the biomechanical differences between cement- reinforced intramedullary nailing with reinforced screws (a new patented invention), plain PFNA, and cemented nail tract reinforced PFNA for severe osteoporotic Evans II intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.
Methods: The CT data of one patient with intertrochanteric femoral fracture with severe osteoporosis (signed and informed) were selected in Mimics 20 software and Geomagic Wrap 2017 software for medium-sized femoral model assembly, assembly standard reference standard of surgical technique. The assembled model was then subjected to osteotomy in the 3-Matic software according to the type Evans II femoral intertrochanteric fracture criteria to obtain the corresponding fracture model, And set the cancellous bone around the spiral blade of the common PFNA screw and around the proximal end of the reinforcing screw in the corresponding fracture model, Save as A (ordinary PFNA), B (nail reinforced PFNA) and C (reinforced screw), Corresponding parameters and conditions according to the CT data and the material standard of internal fixation, according to the force of human mechanics in the femur and the weight of the patient, They were stored separately and analyzed using the Explicit Dynamics module in the ansys2019 software.
Observations: The degree of cutting of the screw at the proximal end of the femur, the angle of the femoral neck turning inward, the angle of rotation, the distribution of stress in the femur, and the distance where the femoral fracture part is displaced.Results:The cutting of the screw at the proximal femur, the inward turning angle of the femoral neck(0.32°), the distribution of stress in the bone of the femur and the displacement of the femoral fracture part(0.58 mm) are superior over PFNA and nail reinforcement.
Conclusion Reinforced screws have better biomechanical results than common bone PFNA and nail-track reinforced PFNA for severe osteoporotic intertrochanteric Evans II femur fractures.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enriched with miR-218 reduce the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Shojaei Samaneh , Moradi-Chaleshtori Maryam , Paryan Mahdi , Koochaki Ameneh , Sharifi Kazem , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are morphogenetic processes implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. It is found that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to these processes. Exosomes are considered potential natural vehicles for miRNA delivery in cancer therapy. miR-218 is one of the tumor suppressor miRNAs and its downregulation is associated with EMT and angiogenesis. We aimed to use adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (ADMSC-exosomes) for miR-218 delivery to breast cancer cells and evaluate miR-218 tumor-suppressing properties in vitro.
Methods
Exosomes were isolated from conditioned media of ADMSCs. miR-218 was loaded to exosomes using electroporation. mRNA expression of target genes (Runx2 and Rictor) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was evaluated by qPCR. To explore the effects of miR-218 containing exosomes on breast cancer cells, viability, apoptosis, and Boyden chamber assays were performed. The angiogenic capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with miR-218 containing exosomes was assessed by in vitro tube formation assay.
Results
miR-218 mimic was efficiently loaded to ADMSC-exosomes and delivered to MDA-MB-231 cells. Exposure to miR-218 containing exosomes significantly decreased miR-218 target genes (Runx2and Rictor) in MDA-MB-231 cells. They increased the expression of epithelial marker (E-cadherin) and reduced mesenchymal marker (N-cadherin). miR-218 restoration using miR-218 containing exosomes reduced viability, motility, invasion, and angiogenic capacity of breast cancer cells.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that ADMSC-exosomes can efficiently restore miR-218 levels in breast cancer cells and miR-218 can prevent breast cancer progression with simultaneous targeting of angiogenesis and EMT.
WITHDRAWN: Integration of Blockchain Technology with Deep Learning Approaches: Vision and Future Opportunities
Authors: Afaq Yasir , Manocha Ankush 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A recent study has successfully focused on Deep Learning and Blockchain technologies because of their tremendous potential for producing reliable decisions. The bulk of contemporary deep learning techniques implemented on centralized servers gives operational transparency, traceability, reliability, security, and reliable data provenance qualities. Deep Learning models are therefore susceptible to the single point of failure problem since they are trained using centralized data. The advantages of merging Blockchain with Deep Learning algorithms are examined in this paper. Additionally, current research is examined to determine the best strategy to combine these two technologies for the best outcome.
Study on Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiome and Clinical Course in Patients With Critical Care Illnesses
Authors: Saikrishna Kanukuntla , Talukdar Daizee , Das Santanu , Chakravarti Priyanka , Bakshi Susmita , Karmakar Subhradip , Wig Naveet , Das Bhabatosh , Ray Animesh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection contracted by patients on ventilators, where bacteria colonize the upper digestive tract and contaminated secretions are released into the lower airway. This nosocomial infection increases the morbidity and mortality of the patients as well as the cost of treatment. Of late Probiotic formulations are postulated to prevent the colonization of these pathogenic bacteria. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on gut microbiota and their relation to clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients. For this study, 30 patients were recruited (20 probiotic treated and 10 without probiotic treatment) screened from a cohort of 169 patients. Patients in the probiotic group were given a dose of 6 capsules of commercially available probiotic (VSL#3®:112.5 billion CFU/cap) in three divided doses for 10 days. Sampling was carried out after each dose to monitor the temporal change in the gut microbiota composition. To profile the microbiota, we used a 16S rRNA based targeted metagenomic approach and differences among the groups were computed using multivariate statistical analyses. Differences in gut microbial diversity (Bray Curtis & Jaccard distance, p-value < 0.05) among the probiotic treated group and the control group were observed. Furthermore, treatment with probiotics resulted in the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the gut microbiota of the probiotic-treated groups. Our results demonstrated that probiotics may lead to favourable alteration in gut microbiome characteristics. Future studies should focus on appropriate dosages and frequency of probiotics, which can lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Retinopathy of Prematurity in Zone I posterior (Zone Half): Neonatal Profile, Clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Padhy Tapas , Shah Miloni , sahu suman , Das Taraprasad , BHUSAL Utpal , Singh Aveenash , Bhunia Souvik , Nayak Sameer , nayak sameera , Panchal Bhavik , Agarwal Komal , Samantaray Balakrushna , Devi Sabita , Rao Krishna , Pradhan Lingaraj , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To report the demographic profile,clinical characteristics, and outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Zone I posterior.
Methods
In a partly retrospective (ten years) and partly prospective (one year) study, we analyzed the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, treatment type, recurrences, and outcomes of babies with ROP in Zone I posterior.
Results
The study included 130 eyes of 67 infants with a mean gestational age and birth weight of 29.3 (± 2.2) weeks and 1217.3 (± 381.9) grams, respectively. All babies had received unblended oxygen with a poor weight gain in the majority.The ROP subtypes included aggressive,threshold, hybrid, stage 4, and atypical type in 78, 20, 11, 15, and 6 eyes, respectively. Fibrovascular proliferation when present,was prominent nasally, occasionally overriding the disc margin. Extensive arteriovenous tortuosity was more prominent than vascular dilatation. Atypical observations included bleb-like detachment(n = 6 eyes), candle wax-like preretinal deposits (n = 23 eyes), and large arteriovenous shunts (n = 9eyes). Primary treatment included intravitreal anti-VEGF in 119 eyes and laser in 11 eyes. Among those with follow-upfor more than 6 months, the recurrence was seen in 48.3% (n = 29) of eyes with anti-VEGF; with additional laser treatment, the outcome was favorable in 90.5% (n = 116) of eyes.
Conclusions
Zone I posterior ROP has a distinct profile with several atypical characteristics; it differsfrom ROP in other zones. Primary anti-VEGF treatment is beneficial but inadequate; most babies need additional laser or surgery.Improved neonatal care, earlier screening, and a combination of intravitreal anti-VEGF and laser are recommended.
Establishment of prognostic model of bladder cancer based on apoptosis-related genes, in which P4HB promotes BLCA progression
Authors: Zou Zhenhai , Li Zhong , Sun Wei , Gao Wuyue , Liu Beibei , Liu Jianmin , Guo Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
A variety of apoptosis genes have been confirmed to be related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer patients, but few studies have paid attention to their significance in the prognosis of bladder cancer. Therefore, this study explored the value of apoptosis-related genes in the prognosis of BLCA by using the data in TCGA database.
Methods
We downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of bladder cancer patients from TCGA database, and obtained 2411 apoptosis-related genes from Deathbase database. Screening out differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes. Cox regression was used to determine the prognostic value of apoptosis-related genes, and then a prognostic risk model was developed. .A nomogram based on risk model was constructed to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. At the same time, immune infiltration correlation analysis of genes in the prognosis model.
Results
A prognostic model composed of 12 apoptosis-related genes was constructed. According to the risk score calculated by the model, patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. There are significant differences in the expression of immune cells, immune function and immune checkpoint molecules between high-risk group and low-risk group.P4HB may promote bladder cancer progression
Conclusion
Based on the differential expression of apoptosis-related genes, we established a risk model to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, in which P4HB promotes BLCA progression