bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US hospital webpages on atrial fibrillation ablation: A potential source for misinformation
Authors: Rajyaguru Chirag , Sandhu Uday , Hadjis Alexios , Dere Juliana , Panchal Somya , Ja Austin , Ong Nicholas , Yu Stephen , Yu Jeremy , Lee Sun Yong , Lee Byron K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is performed worldwide. To attract patients, hospitals frequently have webpages that tout the success of the procedure. The information disseminated to the public via these webpages has not been systematically reviewed. Our objective was to assess accuracy of information delivered to the public on hospital websites in regard to atrial AF ablation.MethodsFrom July 2019 to January 2020, we performed a Google search for all US hospitals registered with Medicare to see if they had a webpage describing AF ablation. Resulting hospital webpages were abstracted for data on AF ablation success rates and risks. Success rates over 86%, the highest success rate in the medical literature, were deemed exaggerated.ResultsAmong 4805 hospitals, 487 had webpages describing AF ablation and 33 discussed success rates of AF ablation. Twelve percentage reported exaggerated success rates, 3% referred to ablation as a cure, and 2.8% referred to ablation as a tool to eliminate AF. Less than 10% of webpages describing AF ablation noted the potential need for a second ablation to achieve the stated success rate and merely 16% mentioned risks of the procedure. One percentage of webpages directly suggested AF ablation could reduce risk of stroke while others indirectly suggested it by discussing cessation of anticoagulation. Two webpages mentioned reduced mortality.ConclusionUS hospital webpages rarely discuss AF ablation. When discussed, there were concerning unsubstantiated claims regarding mortality, stroke prevention, and need for medical therapy. This could lead to some patients undergoing AF ablation based on faulty understanding.
Altered polymerase theta expression promotes chromosomal instability in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Bai Han , Xia Shilin , Zhu Lei , Dong Yan , Liu Chao , Li Nan , Liu Han , Xiao Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenomic instability (GIN) plays a key role in cancer progression. The disorders of polymerase theta (POLQ) were reported to contribute to GIN and progression in many cancers. Here, we found that POLQ over‐expression was related to salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) progression and poor prognosis. Then, we investigated the role and mechanism of POLQ in the GIN in SACC. GIN was assessed by chromosome staining with DAPI and Giemsa, as well as qRT‐PCR of the mitosis‐related gene expression. Meanwhile, PCR‐SSCP was used to evaluate microsatellite instability. Modulation of POLQ expression increased chromosomal instability and enhanced the sensitivity to etoposide without impacting microsatellite stability. Mechanistically, POLQ regulated genome stability by promoting the expression of the error‐prone alt‐NHEJ‐related protein PARP1, and down‐regulating c‐NHEJ‐ and HR‐related proteins KU70 and RAD51. In vitro CCK, Transwell assays and in vivo murine xenograft models indicated that the PARP inhibitor olaparib suppressed SACC growth in the case of etoposide‐induced DNA damage. Bioinformatic analysis identified CEBPB as a potential POLQ‐regulating transcription factor. In summary, our research provides new insights into the mechanisms of SACC chromosomal instability and identifies new potential targets for SACC treatment.
One Big Conversation: The EU's Climate Diplomacy across the International Regime Complex on the Paris Agreement Negotiations
Authors: Earsom Joseph , Delreux Tom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe EU participates in many international fora related to climate change (for example UNFCCC, G20, Montreal Protocol), which collectively constitute the international regime complex on climate change (IRCCC). Using the case study of negotiations on the Paris Agreement, this paper addresses the question How and why did the EU use the different fora of the IRCCC to achieve its objectives in the Paris Agreement negotiations? It finds that the EU used the IRCCC in four main ways: employing typical multilateral negotiating activities, overcoming specific issues of the Paris Agreement negotiations, creating political momentum, and ensuring cross‐fora coordination. These uses correspond with the level of political authority of participants and the level of climate‐specialization in a given forum.
Correlation of dehydroepiandrosterone with diabetic nephropathy and its clinical value in early detection
Authors: Ma Ying , Wang Qian , Chen Yunxia , Su Junping , Gao Qian , Fan Yuxin , Feng Jing , Liu Ming , He Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study was carried out to assess the association of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to better predict the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,082 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled in this study, and grouped for comparison. The effect of serum DHEA on DN was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves were established to explore the optimal concentration of DHEA in patients with DN and non‐DN.ResultsDHEA was significantly decreased in patients with DN (P < 0.001). The prevalence of DN was significantly higher in the low DHEA quartile than in the other quartiles (P < 0.001). Spearman‐related analysis showed that DHEA levels were negatively correlated with patient age, course of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, blood creatinine, uric acid, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, 24‐h urine microalbumin, 24‐h urine protein quantification and glomerular filtration rate, and positively correlated with body mass index, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of DHEA on DN was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the sensitivity was 81.4%, the specificity was 70% and the area under the curve was 0.812 when the optimal cut‐off value was 1,640 (pg/mL).ConclusionDHEA is significantly associated with DN and might be a protective factor for DN, and is important for the prediction of DN.
Estimating Classification Accuracy and Consistency Indices for Multiple Measures with the Simple Structure MIRT Model
Authors: Park Seohee , Kim Kyung Yong , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiple measures, such as multiple content domains or multiple types of performance, are used in various testing programs to classify examinees for screening or selection. Despite the popular usages of multiple measures, there is little research on classification consistency and accuracy of multiple measures. Accordingly, this study introduces an approach to estimate classification consistency and accuracy indices for multiple measures under four possible decision rules: (1) complementary, (2) conjunctive, (3) compensatory, and (4) pairwise combinations of the three. The current study uses the IRT‐recursive‐based approach with the simple‐structure multidimensional IRT model (SS‐MIRT) to estimate the classification consistency and accuracy for multiple measures. Theoretical formulations of the four decision rules with a binary decision (Pass/Fail) are presented. The estimation procedures are illustrated using an empirical data example based on SS‐MIRT. In addition, this study applies the estimation procedures to the unidimensional IRT (UIRT) context, considering that UIRT is practically used more. This application shows that the proposed procedure of classification consistency and accuracy could be used with a UIRT model for individual measures as an alternative method of SS‐MIRT.
Deriving happiness through extraordinary or ordinary brand experiences in times of COVID‐19 threat
Authors: Jiao Jinfeng (Jenny) , Lu Fang‐Chi , Chen Nuoya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors examined how the joint effect of brand experience type (ordinary vs. extraordinary) and COVID‐19 threat on consumer happiness changed at different stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings from five studies, with the COVID‐19 threat and lockdown status measured as well as manipulated, suggest that COVID‐19 threat exerts converse moderating influences on the extraordinariness–happiness relationship under no lockdown and lockdown. Under lockdown, threat attenuates the effect of brand extraordinariness on happiness; extraordinary brand experiences bring more happiness than ordinary brand experiences when the perceived threat of COVID‐19 is low, but consumers derive comparable happiness from extraordinary and ordinary experiences when perceived threat is high. Under no lockdown, threat amplifies the positive effect of extraordinariness on happiness. Consumers rarely experience a large‐scale lockdown due to a pandemic, and this research advances understanding of how consumer happiness from a brand experience changes with the trajectory of a pandemic.
Epigenetic aging: Biological age prediction and informing a mechanistic theory of aging
Authors: Li Adam , Koch Zane , Ideker Trey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that epigenetic age—an individual's degree of aging based on patterns of DNA methylation—can be computed and is associated with an array of factors including diet, lifestyle, genetics, and disease. One can expect that still further associations will emerge with additional aging research, but to what end? Prediction of age was an important first step, but—in our view—the focus must shift from chasing increasingly accurate age computations to understanding the links between the epigenome and the mechanisms and physiological changes of aging. Here, we outline emerging areas of epigenetic aging research that prioritize biological understanding and clinical application. First, we survey recent progress in epigenetic clocks, which are beginning to predict not only chronological age but aging outcomes such as all‐cause mortality and onset of disease, or which integrate aging signals across multiple biological processes. Second, we discuss research that exemplifies how investigation of the epigenome is building a mechanistic theory of aging and informing clinical practice. Such examples include identifying methylation sites and the genes most strongly predictive of aging—a subset of which have shown strong potential as biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease and cancer; relating epigenetic clock predictions to hallmarks of aging; and using longitudinal studies of DNA methylation to characterize human disease, resulting in the discovery of epigenetic indications of type 1 diabetes and the propensity for psychotic experiences.
Screening neuroimaging in neurologically asymptomatic patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Das Alvin S. , Jordan Stephanie A. , McKeown Morgan , Li Karen , Dmytriw Adam A. , Regenhardt Robert W. , Feske Steven K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeNeurological complications from infective endocarditis (IE) are common and often present with minimal clinical symptoms. In this study, we examine whether screening neuroimaging in asymptomatic patients results in increased detection of neurological complications and leads to improved patient outcomes.MethodsUsing a database of consecutive adults with IE admitted to a single health system from 2015 to 2019, we selected patients who presented without any neurological symptoms and determined whether these patients underwent screening neuroimaging. The presence of septic emboli, territorial infarcts, intracranial hemorrhage, and mycotic aneurysms was recorded. Variables with significant differences in univariable analyses (p < .1) between those with and without screening neuroimaging were entered into regression models with age and sex to determine predictors of neurological complications and favorable discharge outcomes (modified Rankin score ≤2).ResultsA total of 214 patients were included in the study, of which 154 (72%) received screening neuroimaging. Septic emboli were more common in patients who underwent screening imaging (31% vs. 15%, p = 0.02). In the first multivariate analysis, screening neuroimaging was associated with septic emboli (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.03‐5.75], p = 0.04). In the second multivariate analysis, territorial infarcts (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI: [0.11‐0.73], p = .01), but not septic emboli (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: [0.36‐1.43], p = 0.34), were associated with a favorable discharge outcome.ConclusionsScreening neuroimaging leads to the detection of more septic emboli in IE, but only territorial infarcts (in contrast to septic emboli) correlate with an unfavorable discharge outcome.
From describing disparities to understanding why disparities exist: Anti‐racist methods to support dental public health research
Authors: Fleming Eleanor , Raskin Sarah E. , Brody Erica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRacism is understudied in the oral health literature at the same time that race is overutilized as an explanatory factor in study design. Social and behavioral methodologies offer conceptual models that can be used to include racism in dental public health questions. In addition, interdisciplinary and mixed methods approaches allow for understanding racism as an underlying cause of social and health disparities and exploring solutions that address historical, institutional, social, political, and economic drivers of oral health inequity, while recognizing the limits of measuring racism quantitatively. In a collective acknowledgement of the limitations of conventional methods, there are new opportunities to explore how qualitative and mixed methods research can serve as drivers for both social justice and health equity, while building and sustaining a diverse research workforce that can better close these disparities and offer antiracist solutions to oral health inequities.
How do state‐level racism, sexism, and income inequality shape edentulism‐related racial inequities in contemporary United States? A structural intersectionality approach to population oral health
Authors: Bastos João L. , Constante Helena M. , Schuch Helena S. , Haag Dandara G. , Jamieson Lisa M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveResearch on racial oral health inequities has relied on individual‐level data with the premise being that the unequal distribution of dental diseases is an intractable problem. We address these insufficiencies by examining the relationships between structural racism, structural sexism, state‐level income inequality, and edentulism‐related racial inequities according to a structural intersectionality approach.MethodsData were from two sources, the 2010 survey of the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and Patricia Homan et al.'s (2021) study on the health impacts from interlocking systems of oppression. While the first contains information on edentulism from a large probabilistic sample of older (65+) respondents, the second provides estimates of racism, sexism, and income inequality across the US states. Taking into account a range of individual characteristics and contextual factors in multilevel models, we determine the extent to which structural forms of marginalization underlie racial inequities in edentulism.ResultsOur analysis reveals that structural racism, structural sexism, and state‐level income inequality are associated with the overall frequency of edentulism and the magnitude of edentulism‐related racial inequities, both individually and intersectionally. Coupled with living in states with both high racism and sexism (but not income inequality), the odds of edentulism were 60% higher among non‐Hispanic Blacks, relative to Whites residing where these structural oppressions were at their lowest.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that racial oral health inequities cannot be disentangled from social forces that differentially allocate power and resources among population groups. Mitigating race‐based inequities in oral health entails dismantling the multifaceted systems of oppression in the contemporary U.S. society.
The innovative work behavior of external technology experts in collaborative R&D Projects: Uncovering the role of multiple identifications and extent of involvement
Authors: Schepers Jeroen , de Vries Jelle , Raassens Néomie , Langerak Fred 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManufacturers increasingly involve external technology experts (ETEs) from suppliers in collaborative R&D projects. Through their innovative work behavior (IWB), these temporary employees help to creatively solve manufacturers' engineering problems. Previous literature suggests that organizational identification should be an important driver of ETEs' IWB, but the intricacy of ETEs is that they may identify with both the supplier and the manufacturer. Past studies on multiple identification do not account for the frictions or synergies that are fundamental to collaborative innovation settings, and which may alter the role of identification with either organization. In response, this study considers the interactive and nonlinear associations of ETEs' dual identification with their IWB, and also investigates the moderating role of ETEs' extent of involvement in the manufacturer's R&D project. Using moderated multilevel polynomial regression on single‐informant survey data from 186 ETEs, we find support for a linear association of identification congruence: as both supplier identification and manufacturer identification are high, ETEs' IWB is also high. Moreover, we find an inverted U‐shape pattern of identification incongruence: as identification with one organization exceeds identification with the other, ETEs' IWB is lower than when both identifications have a comparable level. The congruence pattern is weaker for ETEs with high involvement (i.e., those individuals active in all innovation stages), while the incongruence pattern is stronger for these ETEs. Remarkably, our analyses indicate that the lowest IWB value for high involvement ETEs is found at a combination of low supplier identification and high manufacturer identification, a point where low involvement ETEs in fact report the highest levels of IWB. Together these findings extend literatures on multiple organizational identification and external contributions in open innovation processes, and also provide valuable insights to managers working in collaborative R&D settings.
Parasomnias during trans‐meridian and long‐distance travel: Critical literature review and clinical practice recommendations
Authors: Walsh Sinead M. , Forward Cameron L. , Flaherty Gerard T. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryParasomnias are undesirable events that occur during sleep. They can be classified into rapid eye movement parasomnias and non‐rapid eye movement parasomnias. Those who experience parasomnias may be anxious about travel for many reasons, including the occurrence of unwanted events during the trip, increased exposure to environmental trigger factors, and the propensity for harm to occur due to unfamiliar surroundings while travelling. There is a paucity of literature examining this area. This review summarizes the relevant literature and the clinical experience of the authors to compile clinical practice recommendations. The clinical features of parasomnias and how they relate to trans‐meridian and long‐distance travel are described. Triggers for non‐rapid eye movement parasomnias, particularly the use of sedative hypnotic drugs, alcohol, drug withdrawal, sleep deprivation, emotional stress and environmental stimulations, are described. Management of parasomnias whilst travelling is reviewed, with a particular focus on trigger minimalization. The role for clonazepam and melatonin is outlined. At the pre‐travel health consultation, the physician is strongly advised to screen the traveller for co‐morbid sleep conditions, which exacerbate parasomnias. Areas for further research are explored, including the extent to which these sleep disorders impact on the travel experience.
On the nature of acquiescence to police authority: A commentary on Hamm et al. (2022)
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Bradford Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe excellent target article raises much food for thought. In this commentary we first discuss what is included in their proposed category of ‘positive evaluations and responses to police assertions of power to attempt social influence’. We then consider some of the implications of the concentric diagram for our understanding of police authority and power.
Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
Authors: Jensen Alex J. , Marneweck Courtney J. , Kilgo John C. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Coyotes Canis latrans have expanded their geographic range by 40% in the last 120 years, raising questions about their ecological impacts in the newly colonised areas. Despite a wealth of local knowledge on coyote diet in North America, we have little information about how and why diet might vary throughout the species' range.

We conducted the first rangewide meta‐analysis of coyote diet by investigating how ecoregion, coyote mass, environmental conditions, presence of top predators and alternative food items are related to coyote dietary diversity, as well as consumption of small mammals, lagomorphs, vegetation and ungulates.

Using data from 93 studies, we used generalised linear mixed models to determine which variables best explained coyote dietary patterns.

Coyotes were generally more carnivorous in temperate forests than in other ecoregions, primarily due to greater ungulate consumption. Dietary diversity was most influenced via a negative effect of mammal consumption; coyote diet was more diverse in the spring and where human footprint was greater. There was minor variation in small mammal consumption, but lagomorph consumption was greater in spring and winter and when coyotes were larger. Vegetation consumption was greatest in summer and autumn. Ungulate consumption was positively related to coyote mass, snow cover and the presence of grey wolves Canis lupus.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors were related to coyote diet. Larger coyotes ate larger foods, which parallels the relationship between mass and prey size across the carnivore guild. Wolves and humans have opposing effects on coyote diet. Coyotes seem to prioritise eating wild mammals, though more work is needed to quantify scavenging. Collectively, our findings emphasise the need for continued local or regional studies to understand the highly variable ecological effects of coyotes within the diverse ecosystems they currently inhabit and are poised to inhabit.