bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Influence of Turbulence on Viscosity Measurements of Molten Germanium under Reduced Gravity
Authors: Bracker Gwendoly , Luo Yuansu , Damaschke Bernd , Samwer Konrad , Hyers Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The thermophysical properties of liquid germanium were recently measured both in parabolic flight experiments and on the ISS in the ISS-EML facility. The viscosity measurements differed between the reduced gravity experiments and the literature values. Since the oscillating drop method has been widely used in EML, further exploration into this phenomenon was of interest. Models of the magnetohydrodynamic flow indicated that turbulence was present during the measurement in the ISS-EML facility which accounts for the observed difference.
Determinants of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among 2-59 Months Old Children Attending Health Facility in Hossaena Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Endale Adis , Gari Taye , Haji Yusuf , Tiruneh Yeshanew , Wudneh Taye 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality among children. Among high burden countries, Ethiopia ranks fifth. Regardless of this fact, efforts to identify determinants of pneumonia have been limited in the study area.Objective: Identify the determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children. Methods: Institution-based unmatched case-control prospective study was carried out among 143 cases and 285 controls of under-five children. The data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire, then entered into Epi-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS) version 20. logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of various factors on the outcome variable. Results: The result of this study identified maternal age less than 25 years (AOR=3.98, 95% CI=2.16,7.31), family size greater than 4 (AOR=4.99, 95% CI=2.62,9.50),non-exclusive breast feeding (AOR=2.40, 95% CI=1.03,5.57), stunting (AOR=1.99, 95% CI=1.11, 3.60), history of diarrhea in the last 15 days (AOR=2.37,95% CI=1.13,4.98), charcoal used as a source of cooking fuel (AOR=6.09, 95% CI=2.77,17.12), lack of separate kitchen (AOR=2.20,95% CI=1.24, 3.91) and parental smoking (AOR=3.79, 95% CI=1.82, 7.90) were determinants of community acquired pneumonia among 2-59 month age children. Conclusion: Maternal age< 25 years, family size> 4, non-exclusive breastfeeding, stunting, history of diarrhea, charcoal use as cooking fuel, and parental smoking were risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia. Limiting the family size, nutritional intervention, prevention and early treatment of diarrheal diseases, and preventing indoor air pollution could be optional interventions to reduce the risk of community-acquired pneumonia.
Degradation Feature Extraction of Quay Crane Gearbox Based on Static Divided Symbol Sequence Entropy
Authors: Wang Bing , wang Wei , Hu Xiong , de sun jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gearbox is an important transmission equipment of quay crane hoisting mechanism. In order to accurately extract the degradation features from the vibration monitoring signal, a degradation feature extraction technique based on the static divided symbol sequence entropy is proposed. Considering the uniformity of the symbolization standard, the technique takes the root mean square of the signal in health condition as the basis, and combines the scale coefficient to establish a uniform basic scale. At the same time, the symbol set is expanded to enhance the information content and the ability of characterizing complexity of signal in large-value region. The Logistic chaotic sequence and the lifetime signal of hoisting mechanism gearbox are used for analysis respectively. The results show that the proposed technique is able to characterize the complexity of the nonlinear time series, and sensitively describe the performance degradation of the hoisting mechanism gearbox. The calculation speed is fast, which will lay a method foundation for further evaluating the health condition of large-scale quay crane in the port.
Early life nutrition affects the molecular ontogeny of testicular development in the young bull calf
Authors: Coen Stephen , Keogh Kate , Lonergan Patrick , Fair Sean , Kenny David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Enhanced early life nutrition accelerates sexual development in the bull calf through neuroendocrine-signalling mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Our aim was to assess the impact of contrasting feeding regimes in bull calves during the first 12 weeks of life on the testes transcriptome and proteome. Holstein-Friesian bull calves were offered either a high (HI) or moderate (MOD) plane of nutrition, designed to support target growth rates of 1.0 and 0.5 kg/day, respectively. At 12 weeks of age all calves were euthanized, testicular parenchyma sampled, and global transcriptome (miRNAseq and mRNAseq) and proteome analyses undertaken. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 7 differentially expressed (DE) miRNA and 20 DE mRNA. There were no differentially abundant proteins between the two dietary groups. Integration of omics results highlighted a potential role for the cadherin gene, CDH13, in earlier reproductive development. Furthermore, co-regulatory network analysis of the proteomic data revealed CDH13 as a hub protein within a network enriched for processes related to insulin, IGF-1, androgen and Sertoli cell junction signalling pathways as well as cholesterol biosynthesis. Overall, results highlight a potential role for CDH13 in mediating earlier reproductive development as a consequence of enhanced early life nutrition in the bull calf.
Total organic carbon concentrations in clastic cave sediments from Butler Cave, Virginia, USA: implications for contaminant fate and transport
Authors: Riddell Jill Leighanne , Downey Autum R. , Vesper Dorothy J. , Padilla Ingrid Y. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clastic cave deposits are representative of sediments throughout the karst aquifer and thus are an abundant and accessible resource through which to study the chemistry of karst aquifer. Clastic cave sediments are attributed to depositional facies based on cave location, sorting, and particle size. These facies settings may influence different chemical parameters of the sediments, like concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC). The TOC concentrations in clastic cave sediments have not been well constrained nor has the role of clastic sediments in contaminant fate and transport through karst systems been well described. In this study, particle size, TOC, and total nitrogen were measured in sediments representing different facies in Butler Cave, Virginia, USA. TOC concentrations ranged from 0.08–0.87 weight percent and C:N molar ratio ranged from 3–15, indicating a possible terrestrial source of organic carbon in these sediments. The diamicton facies was sandier and but had similar TOC concentrations compared to the channel facies. TOC concentrations measured in Butler Cave were within the same range as those observed in above water, eogenetic clastic cave sediments from two caves in Puerto Rico. Estimated retardation factors calculated based on the TOC concentrations in the Butler Cave sediments indicate the range of TOC in this cave could be responsible for 39–987% increase in retardation of selected contaminants. This study highlights the importance of measuring the ranges of TOC in clastic cave sediments across different facies and their role in contaminant fate and transport.
Susceptibility of Anopheles Mosquitoes to Insecticides Used In Busia and Tororo Districts, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Chemutai Faith , Kisakye Joseph , Kabbale Fredrick , Egeru Anthony 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes to LLINs and IRS as vector control interventions used in Tororo and Busia district. Samples of Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected from various breeding grounds and reared in an insectary. Emerged adults were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope and identified using standardized morphological keys after respective bioassays on used LLINs and sprayed walls. A One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant differences in the mean composition of mosquito species across the study area, mean variations, mortalities by net and wall type. Results showed that the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato revealed a higher mean of 78.33 ± 41.52, compared to Anopheles funestus (16.42 ± 24.87) which was lonely found in Busia district. Out of four brands of nets tested for insecticides susceptibility, 99% mortality was recorded for the insecticide concentration of 80 mg/m2 deltamethrin impregnated DAWA plus 2.0 nets. PermaNet 3.0 and Olyset recorded mortality rate of 95% and 93% at chemical concentrations of 50 mg/m2 and 525 mg/m2 permethrin respectively. PermaNet 2.0 recorded 67% mortality at 55 mg/m2 permethrin. The average number of Anopheles mosquitoes were more susceptible to 12.5 mg/m2 of Fludora fusion impregnated onto plastered painted walls at a rate of 100% as compared to the other types of walls after 2 weeks (6.86 ± 4.07) and 1 month of chemical spray (6.69 ± 4.01) varied insignificantly (t = 0.175, P = 0.861). Meanwhile, a disaggregated results by time of spray (T0 and T1) and exposure periods, showed that plastered painted wall, had higher mortalities followed by Brick Plain and Mud/Wattle wall substrates, respectively. This study has shown that vector behavior, biology and physiology need consistent monitoring and surveillance for further entomological characterization and the need for coming up with new vector control interventions.
A New Machine Learning-Driven Approach for the Diagnosis of COVID-19: An Ultra Covix Model
Authors: Vinod Dasari Naga , Zungeru Adamu Murtala , Prabaharan S.R.S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The rigorous clinical prognosis is ambiguous due to the ongoing global crisis caused by different mutant variations of the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic. Hitherto, various clinical prognosis imaging techniques are suggested to medical practitioners to identify COVID-19 contracted individuals. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient tool aiding ultrasound imaging technique backed by machine learning strategies, which help diagnose COVID-19 infected cases more accurately and efficiently. The latter approach complements CT and chest X-ray imaging methods. Accordingly, our novel method employs gradient mapping and distinct haralick features using the image database (705 Ultrasound Images). We also propose a vivid technique that assists in diagnosing COVID-19 contaminated individuals by examining ultrasound pictures to identify novel coronavirus. The test set of the precision score is analyzed in the light of attainment results viz., accuracy, confusion matrix, and ROC curve by utilizing the GitHub repository, which conforms to their endorsed ultrasound images. Various algorithms are used to examine test sets accompanying 211 clinical image data for classification performance. Interestingly, the article reveals that the multiple classification accuracy of the proposed model has achieved 98.1% accuracy between the COVID-19, normal, and Pneumonia ultrasound image database.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and methionine positron emission tomography analysis for patients with lower-grade astrocytoma with marked invasiveness
Authors: Yano Hirohito , Ikegame Yuka , Miwa Kazuhiro , Owashi Etsuko , Nakayama Noriyuki , Maruyama Takashi , Matsunaga Kengo , Ohe Naoyuki , Takei Hiroaki , Ikuta Souko , Yamada Tetsuya , Ohmura Kazufumi , Yokoyama Kazutoshi , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Iwama Toru , Shinoda Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status of patients with World Health Organization grade II or III astrocytoma is essential for understanding its biological features and determining therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to use radiological analysis to predict the IDH status of patients with lower-grade astrocytomas.
Methods
Forty-seven patients with grade II (17 cases) or III astrocytomas (30 cases), based on the 2016 World Health Organization Classification, underwent methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on the same day between January 2013 and June 2020. The patients were retrospectively assessed. Immunohistochemistry showed 23 cases of IDH-mutant and 24 of IDH-wildtype. Based on FLAIR/T2 imaging, three doctors blinded to clinical data independently allocated 18 patients to the clear boundary group between the tumor and the normal brain and 29 to the unclear boundary group. The peak ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) / creatine (Cr), choline (Cho) / Cr, and Cho/NAA and the tumor-to-normal region (T/N) ratio for maximum accumulation in MET PET were calculated. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations between two variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the values between the IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant groups. The optimal cut-off values of MET T/N ratio and MRS parameters for discriminating IDH-wildtype from IDH mutant were obtained using receiver operating characteristics curves.
Results
The unclear boundary group had significantly more IDH-wildtype cases than the clear boundary group (P < .001). The IDH-wildtype group had significantly lower Cho/Cr (< 1.84) and Cho/NAA (< 1.62) ratios (P = .02 and P = .047, respectively) and a higher MET T/N ratio (> 1.44, P = .02) than the IDH-mutant group. The odds for the IDH-wildtype were 0.22 for patients who fulfilled none of the four criteria, including boundary status and three ratios, and 0.9 for all four criteria.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the combination of MRI, MRS, and MET PET examination could be helpful for the prediction of IDH status in World Health Organization grade II/III gliomas.
Prognostic risk factors of T2, T3, and T4 thoracic esophageal cancer and their relationship with improved survival after radiotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Chengzhen , Yin Zhengsheng , Wei Linghua , Chen Debao , Duan Yaxi , Li Xiang , Wan Yujie , Wu Xiaomin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic risk factors of T2-T4 thoracic esophageal cancer and the survival benefit of common treatment modalities to provide a basis for selecting the most appropriate treatment. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study collected data of patients diagnosed with T2-T4 thoracic esophageal cancer between 2010 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients were divided according to those who had surgery and those who had radiotherapy. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan–Meier (KM) method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for prognosis. The effects of common treatment methods were analyzed according to their survival benefit.Results: A total of 4998 patients were included. There was no significant difference in survival between the surgical and non-surgical groups (P=0.79). There was no significant difference in survival between those with T2 (P=0.47) and T4 (P=0.66) disease between the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups, but there was between the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups in patients with T3 disease (P=0.0019). Radiotherapy is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of T3 esophageal cancer, but not for T2 and T4 esophageal cancer.Conclusion: Surgery has no effect on survival in patients with T2-T4 thoracic esophageal cancer. Radiotherapy and T3 disease are independent prognostic risk factors for patients with T2-T4 thoracic esophageal cancer. These results provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment of patients with T2 -T4 thoracic esophageal cancer.
A Deep Neuro-Fuzzy Rule-Based System for Mammography Image Classification
Authors: HEPSAĞ Pınar USKANER , YAZICI Adnan , ÖZEL Selma Ayşe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer has become one of the most significant diseases all over the world as the mortality rate is increasing day by day. Therefore, early diagnosis of breast cancer is very important to reduce the mortality rate. This is because the earlier breast cancer is detected; the more successful treatments are applied to get rid of the disease. The aim of this work is to calculate the breast cancer risk score using deep learning methods and a fuzzy rule-based system to enable people to take precautions against breast cancer. Therefore, a hybrid system consisting of two independent parts is described in this paper: In the first part, a deep neural network is trained to provide inputs to the fuzzy rule-based system. In the second part, the fuzzy rule-based system calculates the risk scores for breast cancer by using the output of the deep neural network structure. We also propose a simple rule-based classifier that uses the calculated risk value to diagnose breast cancer. We compare the results of our model with the existing neural network-based models and show that breast cancer can be diagnosed with high confidence using the proposed neuro-fuzzy rule based system.
Predictive Biomarker DPY19L1 Reduces Survival in Glioma Patients
Authors: Lin Po-Chun , Chung Ming-Hsuan , Wang Peng-Wei , Huang Li‑Chun , Chen Ssu‑Han , Hueng Dueng-Yuan , Hung Kuang-Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Glioblastomas have poor survival outcome. Identifying biomarker for survival differentiation is beneficial for glioma patients. This study aims to investigate the survival outcome and pathological grading of DPY19L1 in human gliomas.Methods: We analyzed the DPY19L1 mRNA expression and survival of human gliomas from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. We validated gene expression of DPY19L1 in glioma by quantitative RT‑PCR and Western blot. Further validation via immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of human glioma samples was performed from the Human Protein Atlas. We also investigated in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) to explore the protein-protein interaction of DPY19L1.Results: Overexpression of DPY19L1 mRNA level was associated with higher glioma grade. Moreover, high expression of DPY19L1 reduced survival in patients with glioma. Human glioma samples further found that the labeling index of DPY19L1 was higher in high-grade than in low-grade gliomas. Conclusion: Elevation in DPY19L1 expression correlates with higher WHO pathological grading and unfavorable prognosis. DPY19L1 is a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
Giant enhancement of superconducting critical temperature in substitutional alloy (La,Ce)H9
Authors: Bi Jingkai , Nakamoto Yuki , Shimizu Katsuya , Zou Bo , Zhou Mi , Liu Guangtao , Wang Hongbo , Ma Yanming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A sharp focus of current research on superconducting superhydrides is to raise their critical temperature Tc at moderate pressures. Here, we report a striking discovery of giant enhancement of Tc in CeH9 obtained via random substitution of half Ce by La, leading to equal-atomic (La,Ce)H9 alloy stabilized by maximum configurational entropy, containing the LaH9 unit that is unstable in pure compound form. The synthesized (La,Ce)H9 alloy exhibits Tc of 148-178 K in the pressure range of 97-172 GPa, representing up to 80% enhancement of Tc compared to pure CeH9 and showcasing the highest Tc at sub-megabar pressure among the known superhydrides. This work demonstrates substitutional alloying as a highly effective enabling tool for substantially enhancing Tc via atypical compositional modulation inside suitably selected host crystal. This optimal substitutional alloying approach opens a promising avenue for synthesis of high-entropy multinary superhydrides that may exhibit further increased Tc at even lower pressures.
Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study
Authors: Chisalunda Alinafe , Ng’ambi Wingston , Tarimo Nesto , Banda Ndaziona Peter Kwanjo , Muula Adamson Sinjani , Kumwenda Johnstone , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 participants with a mean age of 50.3±15.5 was recruited. Overall, the mean QoL score was moderate (63.91±19.54). Those with tertiary education and those on health insurance had better QoL (QoL 73.8, C.I. 68.56-79.04, p-value 0.005), (QoL 76.71, C.I. 69.22-84.19, p-value 0.005) respectively compared to those with lower education and those without health insurance. Furthermore, the absence of comorbidities was associated with having better QoL (QoL 71.18, C.I. 66.69-75.67, p-value < 0.0001). Qualitatively, the participants referred to QoL as an absence of disease and leading an independent life. T2DM was associated with patients’ health status, increased stress levels, loss of independence as well as lifestyle changes. There were QoL-promoting factors among T2DM patients such as diabetes health talks, having a supportive family, accepting one’s condition positively, and following hospital advice such as doing physical exercises and following a prescribed diet. Inhibiting factors include drug shortages, societal perceptions, sedentary lifestyle, stress, and despising hospital advice.Conclusion: Overall the QoL in patients with T2DM receiving treatment at KCH is moderate. The QoL of patients with T2DM is influenced by interrelated factors and this requires multidisciplinary team care to optimize the QoL among these patients. Health workers need to adopt a holistic approach when treating patients with T2DM, such as managing comorbidities and including assessment of QoL, behavioral change measures like physical exercises, and a healthy diet. The government and various stakeholders need to promote education and mandatory national health insurance which improve health status.
A Mobile Localization Algorithm based on Fuzzy Estimation for Serious NLOS Scenes
Authors: Wang Yan , Gong Yuxin , Yang Huikang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The indoor environment is intricate and the global positioning system (GPS) unable to satisfy the demand of indoor location accuracy. Therefore, the localization method based on wireless sensor network (WSN) has attach great importance and researched lately. The toughest issue to solve is the non-line of sight (NLOS) error caused by obstacles and other reasons. Hence, a location method based on hypothesis test and modified fuzzy probabilistic data association filter (HT-MFDAF) is proposed in this paper. Line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS situations are regarded as an interactive Markov process. In the case of NLOS, we firstly identify and mitigate NLOS based on hypothesis testing theory. Then the ones which still have serious NOLS pollution is discarded by calculating similarity. Finally the fuzzy membership degree is calculated by MFDAF, reconstructing the correlation probability to get the position estimate. The eventual location result is acquired by the Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) which weighted LOS and NLOS estimated position. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.