bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Propagation of Anigozanthos manglesii, Anigozanthos flavidus, and Macropidia fuliginosa1
Authors: Ellyard R. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid in vitro propagation of Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don. was achieved through the initiation and proliferation of shoots from lateral bud explants using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium, or Gamborg, Miller and Ojima B5 medium, supplemented with 0.5 ppm benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Continued proliferation was obtained by sub-culture either on the same media or media containing 0.25 ppm BA plus 0.25 ppm NAA. Rapid rooting of shoots occured following transfer to a half strength B5 medium containing 0.2 ppm NAA. Plantlets were successfully transplanted onto a University of California (UC) potting mix under mist and reduced light intensity. The method has also been successfully employed with Anigozanthos flavidus Redoute and with Macropidia fulginosa (Hook.) Druce.
Artificial Induction of Bulbils in Lilium Species1
Authors: Iizuka M. , Takeuchi K. , Watanabe J. , Bo Sein-Hla 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
6-Benzyladenosine (6-BAR), 6-benzylamino-9-2-methylpurine (6-BMA) and 6 benzylamino-9-2-ethylpurine (6-BEA) applied to stems induced or promoted bulbil formation and development in Lilium species. The total number and weight of bulbils varied according to amount of cytokinin absorbed.
Use of Sealed Polyethylene Packages for Marketing Potted Plants1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Wilfret G. J. , Marousky F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simulated marketing system was designed to test the effect of light intensity and duration of packaging (conditions similar to those of warehousing, transportation, and retail marketing) on packaged and unpackaged potted ornamental plants. No significant differences were recorded in quality between plants held at 525 and 1600 lux when stored in packages for 14 or 28 days. Six days of darkness did not reduce the time plants could be kept in packages. Packaging duration and plant species were the chief factors affecting the marketability of the plants; the various simulated market conditions had only minor effects. Packaged Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaum, Philodendron cordatum (Veil.) Kunth, Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) Coem. var. argyroneura (Coem.) Nichols, and Plectranthus australis R. Br. were marketable for 60 days, Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC. for 30 days, and Catharanthus roseus L. for 18 days. Plants in sealed packages did not require watering.
Chilling Requirements of Three Pecan Cultivars1
Authors: McEachern G. R. , Wolstenholme B. N. , Storey J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chilling requirements for 3 pecan cultivars are reported for the first time. Stem cuttings with 4 buds of ‘Desirable’, ‘Mahan’, and ‘Stuart’ pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) were forced in a greenhouse after each 100 hours of field chilling below 7.2°C during the 1969-70, 1970-71 and 1971-72 dormant seasons and bud break measured 21 days later. A chilling requirement of 500 hours was determined for ‘Desirable’ and ‘Mahan’, and 600 hours for Stuart.
Anatomical Aspects of Chilling Injury to Leaves of Phalaenopsis Bl.1
Authors: McConnell D. B. , Sheehan T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phalaenopsis species often exhibit light green spots and/or pitting of the upper leaf surface during winter and spring. Results of this study indicate spotting and pitting can be induced by exposure to temperatures of 2°, 4°, and 7°C for 8 hours or less. The spots and/or pitted areas were always found between large vascular bundles. Light green or yellow spots on the leaves were caused by hypertrophied mesophyll cells between the main vascular bundles. Anatomical observations revealed the pitting was due to collapsed mesophyll cells. Severity of response depended on physiological age of the leaf and duration of exposure to the chilling temperature.
‘September Gem’ Holly1
Authors: Eisenbeiss Gene K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex [ciliospinosa ⨯ (✗ aquipernyi)] ‘September Gem’ is a slow growing, fine textured broadleaved evergreen shrub with showy red fruit. It has a compact, broadly conical habitat that is especially useful for small properties or in limited areas for landscaping. This plant was developed as part of the Ilex hybridization program at the U.S. National Arboretum aimed at producing new and superior landscape plants (1).
The Modified Friedman Test — A Simple Alternative to the F-test for the Randomized Complete-block Design1
Authors: Evert Dean R. , Howell G. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulturalists frequently use the analysis of variance (F-test) to determine treatment differences. Many simple non-parametric tests, which require fewer assumptions, are also available. This note presents an example of the modified Friedman test as an alternative analysis for ranked data from a randomized complete-block design.
Meadow Vole Control Using Anticoagulant Baits1
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Commercially prepared pelletized baits of 3-[3-(4‘bromo[1,1-biphenyl]-4-y1-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (Brodifacoum, BFC, ICI 581, Talon), 2-[(p-chlorophenyl)phenylacetyl]-1,3-indandione (Chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol), and 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione (Diphacinone, DPN, Ramik-Brown) resulted in 93%, 86%, and 74% control, respectively, of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, when broadcast in 2 late fall applications at a 21 day interval. A single hand placed treatment of these baits performed as well or better than the 2 broadcast treatments.
Fruit Concentrations of Amino Acids in Several Strawberry Cultivars in Relation to the Time of Harvest1
Authors: Gallander J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fully mature fruit from 4 cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria × ananasso Duch.) were examined for free amino acids at 3 harvest times. Aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glutamine accounted for 79 to 87% of the total free amino acids in these cultivars. Asparagine, the most prominent amino acid, decreased from early- to late-harvest.
Effects of Glyphosate on Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)1
Authors: Hodges Laurie , Talbert R. E. , Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five-year-old ‘Collins’ highbush blueberries were treated in August with glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) at 0.36, 3.6 and 7.2 g/liter acid equivalent as a spot treatment alone or with pruning or applying paraquat (1, 1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 1.2 g/liter to remove green tissue prior to glyphosate application. Initial response was terminal dieback of young canes. Symptoms the following spring included additional terminal dieback, leaf and cane morphological aberrations, and elongation of the flower corolla. One year after treatment, regrowth was normal. There was no effect on blueberry yield the season following treatment.
Susceptibility of 25 Citrus Rootstocks to the Citrus Nematode1
Authors: McCarty C. D. , Bitters W. P. , Van Gundy S. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No significant difference in root or top weight of 25 citrus rootstock seedlings grown in the greenhouse for 15 months was attributable to infestation of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb). Many nematodes were found on the roots of most of the cultivars tested regardless of nematode biotype, with the exception of trifoliate orange and some hybrids where one parent was trifoliate orange.
Effect of Inductive Photoperiodic Cycles on Flowering of Kalanchoe Cultivars1
Authors: Carlson William H. , Turner Carole A. , Schnabel Jack 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Gelbe Melody’, ‘Mace’, ‘Red Mace’, ‘Rotkappchen’, ‘Sirius’, and ‘Solferinopurpur’ (Kalanchoe × spp.) required a minimum of 14 inductive photoperiodic cycles for normal flowering; ‘Feuerwerk II’, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘Roterpfeffer’ required 21; ‘Feuerball’, ‘Feuerzauber’, ‘Granta’, and ‘Korali’ required 28; and ‘Cherie’ required 35.
‘Shasta’ Viburnum1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Doublefile viburnum, the common name of Viburnum plicatum Thunb. f. tomentosum (Thunb.) Rend., is derived from the unique arrangement of the parallel, flat-topped inflorescences along the length of the horizontal branches. A plant in flower rivals that of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida L. Heretofore, chance seedlings have been selected and designated as cultivars, the most commonly cultivated being ‘Mariesii’, ‘Lanarth’, ‘Rowallane’, and ‘Roseum’. ‘Shasta’, a new cultivar introduction, is the first V. plicatum f. tomentosum cultivar to result from a breeding program, and the twelfth Viburnum introduction by the U. S. National Arboretum (1, 2, 3).
‘Vivagold’ Apricot1
Authors: Bradt O. A. , Andersen E. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Vivagold’ is an attractive, medium-sized apricot (Prunus arnieniaca L.) ripening a week after ‘Veecot’. It is moderately resistant to brown rot (Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey). It has shown some bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pruni (E. F. Smith) Dowson) occasionally but not so severe as has ‘Veecot’. It was introduced in 1978 to extend the season of attractive good quality apricots.
The Unique Response of the Pistachio Tree to Inadequate Winter Chilling1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Takeda Fumiomi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Kerman’ pistachio trees produced incompletely developed leaflets and leaves with a reduced number of leaflets following the mildest winter in 48 years in California. Nuts were produced both laterally and terminally on current season’s shoots in addition to their normal production laterally on 1-year-old wood.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of Oil + Dinitro-o-cresol Sprays to Break the Rest of Apple Buds1
Authors: Erez Amnon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Promotion of leaf bud break in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple by a mineral oil and dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) combination spray depended on day-time temperature. Higher temperatures during the first 2 weeks after spraying increased the level of bud break. The highest temperature tested, 30°C, most effectively promoted lateral bud break.
Reduction of Glycoalkaloid Synthesis in Potato Slices by Water Soaking1
Authors: Mondy Nell I. , Chandra Subhash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water soaking of cortex tissue of ‘Katahdin’ and ‘Kennebec’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) decreased glycoalkaloid synthesis. Light exposure and increased storage time and higher temperatures increased the rate of synthesis of glycoalkaloids in potato tissue soaked in water.
Low-cost Carbon Dioxide Analyzer for Greenhouses1
Authors: Kimball B. A. , Mitchell S. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A conductimetric CO2 analyzer was designed, built, and tested. The principle of operation is based on measuring the increase in electrical conductivity of recirculated, deionized water when a sample air stream is bubbled through the water. An improvement over previous models was the addition of temperature compensation so the instrument could be used in greenhouses to reliably measure CO2 concentration in the 0-3000 ppm range at 1/9th the cost of an infrared CO2 analyzer.
Classification of C3 and C4 Turfgrass Species Based on CO2 Compensation Concentration and Leaf Anatomy1
Authors: Krans J. V. , Beard J. B. , Wilkinson J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf anatomy and CO2 compensation concentration (Γ) were used to determine the carbon fixation pathway for 10 cool season and 5 warm season turfgrass species. Turfgrasses of the subfamily Festucoideae were representative of C3 plants. Turfgrass species of the subfamily Panicoideae and Eragrostoidea were representative of C4 plants. Turfgrasses classified traditionally as cool season or warm season species correlated with C3 and C4 plant types, respectively. Both techniques of C3 and C4 classification proved equally reliable in this study, however, the utilization of Kranz leaf anatomy required less preparation.
‘Harland’ Peach1
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Harland’ is an attractive, highly colored, yellow-fleshed peach, (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), suitable for the early fresh market that matures with ‘Harbinger’ about 1 month before ‘Red-haven’. ‘Harland’ performed well in New Zealand and is introduced at the request of New Zealand pomologists and fruit growers but is not recommended for culture in Ontario because performance has been inferior to that of ‘Harbinger’. The name ‘Harland’ was chosen to denote Harrow as its place of origin and New Zealand as the intended country for its culture.
‘Carefree Beauty’ (Bucbi) Rose1
Authors: Buck Griffith J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The major objective of rose breeders since the introduction into Europe in 1752 of the first of the everblooming clones of the Rosa gigantea-R. chinensis complex has been the development of everblooming roses capable of surviving the coldest winters without protection. To further this goal, various rose species indigenous to the colder areas of the northern hemisphere have been combined with the everblooming clones. The current classes of garden roses are the product of this endeavor.
Ethylene-induced Floret Sleepiness in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.1
Authors: Marousky F. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln, exposed to various concentrations of ethylene (0-1 μl/liter of air) at 23.5°C for 2 and 3 days were injured at levels of ethylene greater than 0.5 μl/liter of air for 2 or more days. Ethylene induced leaf abscission and chlorosis, and closed open florets (sleepiness). Sleepy florets failed to re-open. Bud florets were not as severely injured by ethylene as open florets. Bud florets opened when removed from an ethylene environment but their opening was delayed. Florets on plants exposed to 2.5 μ1 ethylene/liter air for 3 days at 6°C were slightly injured. At 2.5 μl ethylene/liter air, severity of injury increased as temperature increased.
Comparative Study of Leaf Water Potential, Diffusion Resistance, and Transpiration of Azalea Cultivars Subjected to Water Stress1
Authors: Ceulemans R. , Impens I. , Gabriels R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf water potential, leaf water vapour diffusion resistance and transpiration of azalea (Rhododendron simsii Planch, sp. cvs. Hellmut Vogel and Reinhold Ambrosius) were measured over a 7-day drying period. Both cultivars had an effective and active regulation of their water balance. Recovery after severe water stress was rapid. Differences in water regulation with regard to stomatal dimensions and densities were found in both cultivars. Difference in behaviour to water stress was greatly dependent on root/shoot ratio.
Hydrophobic Chromatography of Peach Fruit Polyphenol Oxidase1
Authors: Jen Joseph J. , Flurkey William H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase of peach (prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was reversibly bound to and eluted from phenyl-sepharose CL-4B, a hydrophobic resin. Purification of the enzyme was considerable. Hydrophobic chromatography resulted in purification, removal of inhibitory substances, cocentration, and separation of the polyphenol oxidase in isoenzyme forms in a Single step.
Temperature and Moisture Effects on Wood Injury of Cold-stressed ‘Siberian C and ‘Redhaven’ Peaches1
Authors: Cain D. W. , Andersen R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High temperature prior to controlled freezing increased inner bark and xylem injury in twigs of both ‘Siberian C’ and ‘Redhaven’ peaches (Prunus persica (L) Batsch). ‘Siberian C had a lower natural moisture content than ‘Redhaven’. Artificially increasing moisture content did not affect xylem injury, but increased inner bark injury. Significant temperature by cultivar and moisture by cultivar interactions were found with inner bark. We concluded that the superior hardiness of ‘Siberian C’ was not due solely to its lower moisture content.
Persistence of NAA-induced Growth Inhibition in Sweet Orange Seedlings1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B. , Holmes R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spray applications of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 0.25 to 1.5% delayed bud break of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) seedlings for up to 177 days. Untreated buds on the same plants exhibited delayed growth initiation of up to 150 days due to translocated NAA. Length of time of bud break inhibition was dependent on NAA concentration, and the Na salt of NAA produced a more pronounced inhibitory effect than the ethyl ester formulation.
Separation of Citrus Seed from Fruit Pulp for Rootstock Propagation Using a Pectolytic Enzyme1
Authors: Barmore C. R. , Castle W. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A pectolytic enzyme facilitates the large-scale separation of citrus seed, used for rootstock propagation, from a seed-pulp mixture. The enzyme degrades the pulp via pectin breakdown that allows the seed to be collected by sieving. Seed from all citrus rootstock cultivars tested could be separated by this technique with no detrimental effect on germination.
Pericarp Thickness of Ripened Tomato Fruit Related to Maturity at Harvest1
Authors: Hall C. B. , Augustine J. J. , Lazarte J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The outer pericarp thickness of fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) ripened off the vine depended upon the maturity of the fruit when harvested. Immature fruit has thinner outer pericarps than fully mature green fruit. Similar results were obtained with 4 cultivars and 3 fruit sizes. The pericarp thickness did not change during a 6-day ripening period for any maturity. There was no difference in number of cells in the outer pericarp due to maturity or fruit size.
‘Jonafree’ Apple1
Authors: Dayton D. F. , Mowry J. B. , Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Jonafree’ is an attractive red apple (Malm domestia Borkh) with field immunity to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. The fruit is of medium size and matures with ‘Jonathan’. It is released as a potential commercial cultivar with strong resemblance to ‘Jonathan’ in many major horticultural characters in addition to its similar maturity date.
Physiological Bases for Resistance to Chilling1
Authors: Christiansen M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A great amount of effort has been expended over the past century to develop knowledge about the effects of chilling and other stresses on growing plants and stored plant products. At present, considerable basic information exists concerning the physiological responses of living things to heat, cold, drought, mineral, and other stresses. The genetic diversity of responses to stresses can and has been demonstrated with basic physiological criteria, but only to a limited degree.
Breeding for Drought Resistance: What Plant Characteristics Impart Resistance?1
Authors: Parsons Lawrence R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Virtually all land plants are exposed to water stress at some time during their life cycles, yet it has been stated that interest in water stress rises and falls inversely with the rainfall. As Webb stated (60), “A good rain is the only quick solution to the problem of drought.. Unfortunately, a good rain washes away more than the drought, it washes away much of man’s interest in providing for the next one, and it washes the supports from under those who know that another dry cycle is coming and who urge their fellows to make ready for it.”
Cutting Wood Production from Highbush Blueberry Mother Block Plants as Affected by Nitrogen Nutrition and Fungicide Treatment1
Authors: Eck Paul , Stretch A. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mother block plantings of 6 cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) for the production of cutting wood were successfully grown at 30.5 × 30.5 cm spacings on a Berryland soil. At this spacing 4- and 5-year-old ‘Bluecrop’ plants produced at the rate of 5.27 million cuttings per ha. Cutting wood production increased with increasing N fertilization. Optimum rate of N application was in excess of 45 kg N/ha. Application of fungicide under certain conditions increased weight per cutting.
Foliage Plant Responses to Translucence of the Growing Container1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aglaonema commutatum Schott. ‘Silver Queen’, Ficus benjamina L., Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr. ‘Marble’ and Chamaedorea elegans Mart, were grown in a glass greenhouse under 15 klx of light maximum in black, white or clear 15 cm diameter containers that transmitted 0, 5 or 14 klx maximum respectively at perimeter of root ball. Visual root grades of Ficus and Peperomia were not influenced by treatment, but those of Aglaonema and Chamaedorea were lower at 5 or 14 klx light. Fresh weight of tops and roots of the 4 foliage plant species were not affected by treatments.
Chemical Pruning of Euonymus fortunei ‘Colorata’ with Dikegulac-sodium1
Authors: Gail Johnson A. , Lumis G. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of 0.05% to 0.4% dikegulac-sodium (Atrinal) reduced shoot elongation and promoted lateral branching of container-grown Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. ‘Colorata’, purple wintercreeper during the first season of growth. The most effective treatment for chemical pruning was a singe foliar spray of 0.1% dikegulac which produced plants with the most shoot growth, optimum branching, and only initial leaf yellowing.
Seed Storage of Several Horticultural Species in Liquid Nitrogen (-196°C)1
Authors: Stanwood P. C. , Roos E. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of 14 vegetable and 2 flower species were placed in paper envelopes and submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN2, –196°C) for periods up to 180 days with no adverse effects on germination. Vigor tests with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and peas (Pisum sativum L.) also indicated no reduction in germination or vigor after exposure to LN 2. Liquid nitrogen offers promise as a medium for long-term storage of seed germplasm.
Night Temperature and Water Effects on Bean Response to Supplementary Ammonium Nitrogen1
Authors: Ormrod D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of day/night temperatures of 28°/16° and 28°/8°C, low and high water stress in the rooting medium, and several ammonium and nitrate sources on apparent ammonium toxicity in plants of ‘Honey Gold’ and ‘Spring Green’ snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated in controlled environments. Apparent ammonium toxicity, in terms of visible injury and reduced plant height and weight, was generally accentuated by high water stress prior to application and to a lesser extent by cooler night temperature. ‘Spring Green’ was more sensitive than ‘Honey Gold’ to apparent ammonium injury. At equimolar concentrations, added (NH4)2SO4 was generally more injurious than added NH4NO3.
In Vitro Propagation of Acalphya wilkesiana12
Authors: Stoltz Leonard P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most effective medium for in vitro propagation of Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Agr. was composed of Murashige and Skoog mineral salts and vitamins, 2% sucrose, 170 mg/liter NaH2PO4·H2O and 0.2 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA) without auxin. A modified White’s medium without auxin gave good rooting in 10 to 14 days. Plantlets planted into soil in the greenhouse were ready for transplanting outdoors in 45 days.