bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycrystalline InGaO Thin‐Film Transistors with Coplanar Structure Exhibiting Average Mobility of ≈78 cm2V‐1s‐1and Excellent Stability for Replacing Current Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistors for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Rabbi Md. Hasnat , Lee Suhui , Sasaki Daichi , Kawashima Emi , Tsuruma Yuki , Jang Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly ordered polycrystalline indium gallium oxide (PC‐IGO) film is obtained by the crystallization of room temperature sputtered amorphous IGO on a hot plate at 350 °C for 1 h and then annealed for 1 h in an N2O environment. A high‐density PC‐IGO of ≈7.15 g cm−3with reduced oxygen vacancy (≈14.83%) and hydroxyl (OH) related defects (≈10.96%) has been obtained by N2O annealing. Self‐aligned coplanar thin‐film transistor (TFT) with the PC‐IGO exhibits the average saturation mobility of 78.73 cm2V−1s−1, threshold voltage of −1.07 V, subthreshold swing of 0.147 V dec−1, and the on/off current ratio of over 108. The TFTs show excellent stability under bias‐temperature stress with a negligible threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) of + 0.1 and −0.1 V for the positive and negative bias stresses, respectively. The TFTs exhibit very stable environmental stability when the TFTs are stored under high humidity (85%) and a high temperature (85 °C) for 2 days. The ring oscillator and the gate driver mode of the PC‐IGO TFTs exhibit the propagation delay of 7.44 ns/stage with rising/falling times of less than 0.7 μs, respectively. Therefore, the PC‐IGO TFTs are suitable for large area, high‐resolution active‐matrix organic, and inorganic light‐emitting diodes displays.
Tailoring cobalt‐free La0.5Sr0.5FeO3‐δ cathode with a nonmetal cation‐doping strategy for high‐performance proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yin Yanru , Dai Hailu , Yu Shoufu , Bi Lei , Traversa Enrico 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA nonmetal doping strategy was exploited for the conventional La0.5Sr0.5FeO3‐δ (LSF) cathode, allowing high performance for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs). Unlike previous studies focusing on the utilization of metal oxides as dopants, phosphorus, which is a nonmetal element, was used as the cation dopant for LSF by partially replacing Fe ions to form the new La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.9P0.1O3‐δ (LSFP) compound. The H‐SOFC using the LSFP cathode showed a two‐fold peak power density as compared to that using the LSF cathode. Both experimental studies and first‐principle calculations were used to unveil the mechanisms for the high performance of the LSFP cells.
Allometric Changes and Shape Comparisons of Two Southwestern Sucker Species and Their Hybrids Using a Geometric Morphometric Approach
Authors: Wolters‐Rinker Pilar N. , Rogowski David L. , Gibb Alice C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybridization between two sucker species, Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus and Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, historically has occurred but has been facilitated by anthropogenic habitat alteration. The ability to differentiate Razorback Suckers from Flannelmouth Suckers and hybrids is essential for the conservation and management of the endangered Razorback Sucker. The purpose of our study was to investigate allometry—that is, how shape changes with length—of Razorback Sucker, Flannelmouth Sucker, and their hybrids. Razorback Sucker and Flannelmouth Sucker were artificially spawned to produce four progenies: Razorback Sucker, Flannelmouth Sucker, female Razorback Sucker × male Flannelmouth Sucker and female Flannelmouth Sucker × male Razorback Sucker. We also used hatchery‐reared Razorback Sucker and wild‐captured Flannelmouth Sucker to fill the size‐class gaps in our data. We conducted geometric morphometric analyses and used conditional inference trees to determine the length at which body shapes begin to differentiate among these four fish types. We used piecewise linear models to understand the allometry of each fish type and to evaluate the size at which body shape begins to differ from the juvenile form. Although we found statistical shape differences between the two hybrids, they would be difficult to detect with the naked eye. The results of our study showed that fish that are smaller than 140 mm total length (TL) are difficult to differentiate using shape alone. With the information provided in this study, field biologists should be cautious when identifying suckers smaller than 140 mm TL in the Colorado River basin.
Addressing Culture in L2 Writing: Teaching Strategies for the EAP Classroom
Authors: Bhowmik Subrata , Chaudhuri Anita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this Teaching Issues contribution, six instructional strategies to address culture in second language (L2) writing are discussed. These strategies have been conceptualized as a set of heuristics to enhance student awareness about various cultural and linguistic resources in L2 writing. Each teaching strategy is based on challenges that student writers typically encounter in the classroom. Thus, the six strategies address student needs, and align with the current scholarship in teaching L2 writing. The efficacy of the teaching strategies proposed is weighed in against Henry Giroux's curriculum theory, informed by a critical conceptualization of the dialectic.
How Does the Test Modality of Weekly Quizzes Influence Learning the Spoken Forms of Second Language Vocabulary?
Authors: Uchihara Takumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study investigates how the test modality (spoken or written) of classroom weekly quizzes influences vocabulary learning strategies and facilitates learning the spoken and written knowledge of form‐meaning connection in L2 words. Japanese university students in academic English courses were assigned to two experimental conditions (spoken test and written test groups). The spoken test group prepared for and took weekly quizzes delivered in spoken format, whereas the written test group took the same quizzes delivered in written format. Over 10 weeks, learners were presented with the spoken or written forms of 20 English words and asked to provide the L1 translations of those words. Before and after the semester‐long treatment, 45 target words were tested in both spoken and written format via L2‐to‐L1 translation tasks. Additionally, a questionnaire survey on vocabulary learning strategies was conducted to examine how learners prepared for weekly quizzes outside of the classroom. Results revealed that learners in the spoken test group showed a significantly larger gain in spoken vocabulary than did the learners in the written test group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for written vocabulary learning. The spoken test group tended to rely on studying target vocabulary in a spoken form more frequently, whereas the written test group studied vocabulary in written form more frequently. This study provided implications for how teachers should administer classroom testing with the aim to develop learners' L2 spoken vocabulary knowledge effectively.
Stable sorghum grain quality QTL were identified using SC35 × RTx430 mapping population
Authors: Ayalew Habtamu , Peiris Shantha , Chiluwal Anuj , Kumar Ritesh , Tiwari Manish , Ostmeyer Troy , Bean Scott , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic control and inheritance of grain quality traits is instrumental in facilitating end‐use quality improvement. This study was conducted to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling protein, starch, and amylose content in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown under variable environmental conditions. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between RTx430 and SC35 was evaluated in six environments across Hays and Manhattan, KS. Significant variation was observed in genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction for all three quality traits. Unlike the RILs, the two parental lines did not show significant differences for these traits. However, significant transgressive segregation was observed for all traits resulting in phenotypic performance extending beyond the two parents. A total of seven protein, 10 starch, and 10 amylose content QTL were identified. Chromosomal regions and phenotypic variation (PVE) of QTL were variable across growing conditions. Quantitative trait loci hotspots for all three traits were detected on chromosomes 1 (115.2–119.2 cM) and 2 (118.2–127.4 cM). Candidate gene analysis indicated that these QTL hotspots were conditioned by several transcription factors, such as Cytochrome P450 and basic helix–loop–helix DNA binding protein, which regulate starch and protein accumulation in the grain. The identified genomic regions and underlying candidate genes provide a starting point for further validation and marker‐assisted gene pyramiding to improve sorghum grain quality.
Challenges and progress in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Mohs Richard C. , Bateman Randall J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe health, well‐being, and financial security of Americans are greatly impacted by Alzheimer's disease. The forecast paints an upward trajectory with the number of Americans suffering from Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. To discuss the Alzheimer's crisis, The Senate Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on Health Care, held a hearing titled, “The Alzheimer's Crisis: Examining, Testing, and Treatment Pipelines and Fiscal Implications,” on December 16, 2020. Here, we summarize and expand on the discussion of the panel and its review of recent progress, ongoing challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease, and potential initiatives that promise to speed progress in developing treatments and improving care.
Microplastic induces soil water repellency and limits capillary flow
Authors: Cramer Andreas , Benard Pascal , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Kaestner Anders , Carminati Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoils are considered the largest sink of microplastic (MP) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the implications of MP on soil physical properties. We hypothesize that low wettability of MP induces soil water repellency, depending on MP content and size of MP and soil particles. We quantified wettability of mixtures of MP and sand. The sessile drop method (SDM) was applied to measure static contact angle (CA) of MP and glass beads at contents ranging from 0 to 100% (w/w). The results are extrapolated to varying combinations of MP and soil particle sizes based on specific surface area. Capillary rise was imaged with neutron radiography quantifying the effect of MP on dynamic CA, water imbibition, and water saturation distribution in sand. At 5% (w/w) MP content, static CA exhibited a steep increase to 80.2° for MP 20–75 μm and 59.7° for MP 75–125 μm. Dynamic CAs were approximately 40% lower than static CAs. Capillary rise experiments showed that MP 20–75 μm reduced water imbibition into sand columns (700–1,200 μm), with average dynamic CA of 40.3° at 0.35% (w/w) MP content and 51.8° at 1.05%. Decreased water saturation and increased tortuosity of flow paths were observed during imbibition peaking at 3.5% (w/w) local MP content. We conclude, in regions with high MP content. water infiltration and thus MP transport are hindered. Local low wettability induced by MP is expected to limit soil wettability and impede capillary rise.
Effects of atmospheric stability on the structural response of a 12 MW semisubmersible floating wind turbine
Authors: Rivera‐Arreba Irene , Wise Adam S. , Hermile Mahé , Chow Fotini K. , Bachynski‐Polić Erin E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal dynamic response models used for the design of wind turbines are largely based on neutral stability, which is not representative of real atmospheric conditions. Offshore wind farms, for example, have been seen to experience predominantly unstable conditions, especially at lower wind speeds. In the current work, we use four wind generation models under stable, neutral and unstable atmospheric stability conditions to study the low‐frequency content of the global responses of a semisubmersible floating wind turbine (FWT). To represent the wind fields, we use the Kaimal Spectrum and Exponential Coherence Model (Kaimal), the Mann Spectral Tensor Model (Mann), a point measurement based model (TIMESR) and large‐eddy simulation (LES). At the low‐frequency range, both atmospheric stability and the turbulence wind model significantly affect the response of the FWT. In all the cases studied throughout this paper, the structural response under unstable conditions is higher than under stable or neutral conditions. The TIMESR and the Kaimal models fitted to the FINO‐1 offshore meteorological mast measurements show more similar responses than the Mann model; surge and pitch are higher for the TIMESR and Kaimal models, and yaw is lower. When fitted to LES, TIMESR and Kaimal predict surge and pitch responses closer to LES, but they underestimate the responses related to yaw, opposite to what the Mann model does. The responses are directly related to turbulence intensity and coherence, which are affected by atmospheric stability. Therefore, based on the analyses carried out through this study, the structural analysis of FWT should account for the effect of atmospheric stability.
Evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicles for surveys of lek‐mating grouse
Authors: Augustine Jacqueline K. , Burchfield David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, are being utilized by wildlife biologists to monitor populations of birds and mammals. However, the reaction of wildlife to drones varies by species, so a preliminary evaluation must be conducted to determine if the target species can be detected via drone footage and to determine how the target species will react to drone presence. Lek‐mating prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus spp.) seem amenable to drone‐based surveys because they are relatively large and display in groups on elevated sites with sparse vegetation. The goal of our study was to determine what flight characteristics maximize prairie‐chicken detection on drone video footage, to document the birds' reactions to the drones, and to compare how the noise produced by the drones compares to ambient sounds. We tested 3 sizes of rotary‐winged drones, flown at 3 heights, with 3 different camera angles by flying over known prairie‐chicken leks. We determined that >65% of prairie‐chickens present were detected using video footage at a height of 100 m with a 10° camera angle. Drones of different sizes had similar detectability. However, observers in blinds adjacent to leks routinely detected more birds than were detected on drone footage (detection on drone footage was 39.7 ± 9.6% of birds present). Prairie‐chickens flushed in 96% of trials when a drone was flown over display locations. Time to return to the lek following drone disturbance was similar to prairie‐chickens' reactions to natural predators. Prairie‐chickens flushed when drone sound levels were comparable to ambient noise. Developing guidelines for the ethical use of drones in wildlife research will require quantifying the amount of taxa‐specific disturbance caused by drones. Our study begins to close this knowledge gap by documenting disturbance to upland, lek‐mating grouse of conservation concern, and suggests that the focal species' reaction to aerial predators may provide clues as to how that species may react to drones.
Patterns of genetic diversity of brown trout in a northern Spanish catchment linked to structural connectivity
Authors: González-Ferreras Alexia María , Leal Sheila , Barquín José , Almodóvar Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe alteration of structural connectivity in fluvial networks is important for the genetic dynamics of aquatic species. Exploring the effects of network fragmentation through genetic analysis is crucial to assess the conservation status of riverine species. In this study, we investigated the genetic consequences of the altered connectivity of brown trout in the Deva–Cares catchment (northern Spain). We investigated (1) genetic diversity, (2) genetic differentiation and genetic structure, (3) migration rates and effective population size and (4) genetic differentiation and riverscape characteristics. Analysis of the genetic variation among 197 individuals from the 13 study sites revealed a high degree of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.181). Below-barrier study sites had higher genetic diversity and lower FST values, while headwater and above-barrier study sites had lower genetic diversity and higher FST values. Most of the genetic groups identified were separated by one or more impermeable barriers. We reported an abrupt decrease in genetic diversity and effective population size in upper course tributaries and isolated reaches. Likewise, a downstream-biased gene flow was found, and it was most likely related to the fragmentation caused by barriers, since the results from migration indicated that gene flow between groups without impermeable barriers was higher bidirectionally. Isolation by impermeable barriers played a more important role than hydrological distance in determining the genetic structure. Most of the genetic groups showed small effective population sizes. Genetic analysis at the river network scale provides evidence for the role of barriers in determining genetic diversity patterns, highlighting the importance of maintaining and restoring river longitudinal connectivity.
Start, Stop, Continue? The Benefit of Overlapping Intravenous Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Burian Egon , Sepp Dominik , Lehm Manuel , Bernkopf Kathleen , Wunderlich Silke , Riederer Isabelle , Maegerlein Christian , Alegiani Anna , Zimmer Claus , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias ,   GSR-ET Investigators
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Here we compare the procedural and clinical outcome of patients undergoing thrombectomy with running thrombolysis to matched controls with completed intravenous therapy and an only marginally overlapping activity.

Methods
Patients from 25 sites in Germany were included, who presented with an acute ischemic stroke. Patients’ baseline characteristics (including ASPECTS, NIHSS and mRS), grade of reperfusion, and functional outcome 24 h and at day 90 after intervention were extracted from the German Stroke Registry (n = 2566). In a case-control design we stepwise matched the groups due to age, sex and time to groin puncture and time to flow restoration.

Results
In the initial cohort (overlap group n = 864, control group n = 1702) reperfusion status (median TICI in overlap group vs. control group: 3 vs. 2b), NIHSS after 24 h, early neurological improvement parameters, mRS at 24 h and at day 90 were significantly better in the overlap group (p < 0.001) with a similar risk of bleeding (2.9% vs. 2.4%) and death (18% vs. 22%). After adjustment mRS at day 90 still showed a trend for lower disability scores in the overlap group (3 IQR 1-5 vs. 3 IQR 1-6, p = 0.09). While comparable bleeding risk could be maintained (4% in both groups), there were significantly more deaths in the control group (18% vs. 30%, p = 0.006).

Conclusion
The presented results support the approach of continuing and completing a simultaneous administration of intravenous thrombolysis during mechanical thrombectomy procedures.
3D osteotomies—improved accuracy with patient-specific instruments (PSI)
Authors: Jörgens Maximilian , Keppler Alexander M. , Ahrens Philipp , Prall Wolf Christian , Bergstraesser Marcel , Bachmeier Andreas T. , Zeckey Christian , Cavalcanti Kußmaul Adrian , Böcker Wolfgang , Fürmetz Julian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific instruments (PSI) have been introduced to increase precision and simplify surgical procedures. Initial results in femoral and tibial osteotomies are promising, but validation studies on 3D planning, manufacturing of patient-specific cutting blocks and 3D evaluation of the attained results are lacking.

Methods
In this study, patient-specific cutting blocks and spacers were designed, fabricated, and used to perform a high tibial osteotomy (HTO). After segmentation of CT data sets from 13 human tibiae, 3D digital planning of the HTO was performed with a medial opening of 8 mm. These 3D models were used to fabricate patient-specific cutting blocks and spacers. After the surgical procedure, accuracy was evaluated measuring 3D joint angles and surface deviations.

Results
The lowest mean deviation was found to be 0.57° (SD ± 0.27) for the MPTA. Medial and lateral tibial slope deviated from the 3D planning by an average of 0.98° (SD ± 0.53) and 1.26° (SD ± 0.79), respectively, while tibial torsion deviated by an average of 5.74° (SD ± 3.24). Color analysis of surface deviations showed excellent and good agreement in 7 tibiae.

Conclusion
With 3D cutting blocks and spacers, the 3D planning of the HTO can be translated into reality with small deviations of the resulting joint angles. Within this study, the results of the individual steps are examined for errors and thus a critical evaluation of this new and promising method for performing patient-specific HTOs is presented.
Laparoscopic and robot-assisted suture versus mesh hysteropexy: a retrospective comparison
Authors: Gopinath Deepa , Yong Chin , Harding-Forrester Sam , McIntyre Felix , McKenzie Dean , Carey Marcus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Our study was aimed at comparing the outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic suture-based hysteropexy (SutureH) versus sacral hysteropexy using mesh (MeshH) for bothersome uterine prolapse. Our hypothesis is that MeshH is more successful and provides better uterine support than SutureH.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 228 consecutive women who underwent re-suspension of the uterus using uterosacral ligaments (SutureH n=97) or a “U-shaped” mesh from the sacral promontory (MeshH, n=132). Surgery was performed by laparoscopy or robot-assisted laparoscopy. Subjects were assessed at baseline, 1 year, and beyond 1 year. The null hypothesis, that SutureH and MeshH have similar success, was based on a composite outcome (“composite success”), and that they provide the same level of uterine support, was based on POP-Q point C at 1 year. “Composite success” was defined as: POP-Q point C above the hymen; absence of a vaginal bulge; no repeat uterine prolapse surgery or pessary placement. Other outcomes included improvement in symptomology using Patient Global Impression of Improvement, POP-Q point C change and complications.

Results
Follow-up data were available for 191 out of 228 women. “Composite success” was not significantly different between MeshH and SutureH groups (81.7% vs 84.5%, p=0.616). MeshH provided better elevation of the uterus than SutureH (point C change: −7.38cm vs −6.99cm; p<0.001). Similar symptom improvement and low complications occurred in both groups.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic suture hysteropexy and mesh sacral hysteropexy provide women with minimally invasive, durable surgical options for uterine preservation. “Composite success” was similar in the two groups, but MeshH provided better uterine support than SutureH. However, SutureH gives women an effective mesh-free option.