bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New therapies for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Meier Mackenzi L , Pierce Kristen N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This review of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including new and emerging evidence for treatment of patients with this condition, is intended to offer data supporting the use of specific agents for this patient population.

Summary
Chronic heart failure is a major health concern affecting millions of Americans annually and remains a significant burden on the healthcare system. Heart failure is divided into categories based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Current treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, defined by an LVEF of less than 40%, involve a variety of agents with established morbidity and mortality benefits. This is in stark contrast to directed treatments for patients with HFpEF, defined by an LVEF of greater than 50%. Treatments for this form of heart failure have been elusive until recently, when studies were published with sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin. Results of the PARAGON-HF trial suggested benefit from sacubitril/valsartan in patients with an ejection fraction between 45% and 57%, leading to its approval in 2021 as the first medication indicated for treatment of patients with a preserved ejection fraction. Months later, the results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death in patients with HFpEF taking empagliflozin. This medication has yet to gain approval for HFpEF; however, these data along with ongoing and future trials will likely impact standard treatment for these patients.

Conclusion
The PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-Preserved trials will serve as the foundation for a new era in the treatment of HFpEF.
Does Higher Intraoperative Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Improve Complication Rates Following Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Rowley Mallory A , Thawanyarat Kometh , Shah Jennifer K , Cai Lawrence , Turner Elizabeth , Manrique Oscar J , Thornton Brian , Nazerali Rahim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The surgical literature debates about whether an average intraoperative fractional inspired level of oxygen (FiO2) greater than 80% confers lower postsurgical complication rates. Although some evidence demonstrates minimal or no difference in short-term mortality or surgical site infections, few studies suggest negative long-term outcomes.

Objectives
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationship between intraoperative FiO2 levels and postoperative outcomes in the setting of immediate prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the complication profiles of 309 patients who underwent prepectoral 2-stage breast reconstruction following mastectomy between 2018 and 2021 at a single institution. Two cohorts were created based on whether intraoperative FiO2 was greater than 80% or less than or equal to 80%. Complication rates between the cohorts were analyzed using Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariable logistic regressions. Variables examined included demographic information; smoking history; preexisting comorbidities; history of chemotherapy, radiation, or axillary lymph node dissection; and perioperative information.

Results
Chi-squared and multivariable regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference between cohorts in complication rates other than reoperation. Reoperation rates were significantly increased in the FiO2 greater than 80% cohort (P = 0.018). Multivariable logistic regression also demonstrated that the use of acellular dermal matrix was significantly associated with increased postoperative complications (odds ratio 11.985; P = 0.034).

Conclusions
Complication rates did not statistically differ in patients with varying intraoperative FiO2 levels outside of reoperation rates. In the setting of implant-based prepectoral breast reconstruction, hyperoxygenation likely does not lead to improved postsurgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3
Mutagenesis Analysis of GMN Motif in Arabidopsis thaliana Mg2+ Transporter MRS2-1
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Kobayashi Natsuko I , Hayashi Yoshiki , Ito Koichi , Moriwaki Yoshitaka , Terada Tohru , Shimizu Kentaro , Hattori Motoyuki , Iwata Ren , Suzuki Hisashi , Nakanishi Tomoko M , Tanoi Keitaro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnesium is an important nutrient for plants, but much is still unknown about plant Mg2+ transporters. Combining with the structural prediction of AlphaFold2, we used mutagenesis and 28Mg uptake assay to study the highly conserved “GMN” motif of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2-1 (AtMRS2-1) transporter. We demonstrated that the glycine and methionine in GMN motif are essential for AtMRS2-1 to transport Mg2+.
Previous inter-sexual aggression increases female mating propensity in fruit flies
Authors: Filice David C S , Dukas Reuven 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Female mate choice is a complex decision making process that involves many context-dependent factors. Understanding the factors that shape variation in female mate choice has important consequences for evolution via sexual selection. In many animals including fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, males often use aggressive mating strategies to coerce females into mating, but it is not clear if females’ experience with sexual aggression shapes their future behaviors. Here, we used males derived from lineages that were artificially selected to display either low or high sexual aggression toward females to determine how experience with these males shapes subsequent female mate choice. First, we verified that males from these lineages differed in their sexual behaviors. We found that males from high sexual aggression backgrounds spent more time pursuing virgin females, and had a shorter mating latency but shorter copulation duration compared with males from low sexual aggression backgrounds. Next, we tested how either a harassment by or mating experience with males from either a high or low sexual aggression backgrounds influenced subsequent female mate choice behaviors. We found that in both scenarios, females that interacted with high sexual aggression males were more likely and faster to mate with a novel male one day later, regardless of the male’s aggression level. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of flexible polyandry as a mechanism that benefits females.
Creating ‘Communities of Practice’ to Enhance Ecosocial Work: A Comparison between Finland and Australia
Authors: Boetto Heather , Närhi Kati , Bowles Wendy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article reports on findings from a small qualitative study in two industrialised countries—Finland and Australia, which aimed to engage social work practitioners in ‘communities of practice’ to collaboratively explore ecosocial work practice. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, a series of workshops were established to plan, implement and evaluate ecosocial work interventions. Data were gathered using qualitative pre- and post-surveys to examine changes to practice, including similarities and differences between Finnish and Australian practitioners. Overall, results indicated that practitioner engagement in the workshops increased their capacity to implement ecosocial work interventions in both countries. Despite differences identified between Finnish and Australian practitioners at the pre-survey phase, many changes identified at the post-survey phase were aligned. These post-changes involved growth in practitioners’ personal and professional awareness about ecosocial work, as well as observed positive changes within the organisations they worked. Interestingly, organisations were identified as both a barrier and enabler to implementing ecosocial work interventions. The authors conclude that whilst further research is needed, ‘communities of practice’ established through the workshops enhanced the practical application of ecosocial work and may provide a way forward for progressing ecosocial work and the profession’s response to the global environmental crisis.
Evidence of Clinical Impact Supports a New Petition for Medicare Coverage of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Focused Literature Review and Call to Action
Authors: Thottacherry Elizabeth , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality and requires comprehensive assessment for metastatic infection. The roles of routine imaging beyond echocardiography in SAB, including 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT), remain contentious. We performed a literature review of studies reporting impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on the clinical management or outcomes of SAB published through 1 March 2022. We identified 7 observational studies in which 18F-FDG-PET/CT frequently identified metastatic foci of infection, revealed foci undetected by prior investigations, led to additional source control procedures, and was associated with fewer infection relapses and lower mortality. Calculated numbers needed to treat for receipt of 18F-FDG-PET/CT were 7–9 to change antimicrobial therapy, 10–27 to lead to an additional source control procedure, and 4–8 to prevent death. These data are comparable to the evidence for clinical impact of other diagnostic modalities accepted as standard of care in SAB, and form a compelling basis for advocacy to expand access to 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
China’s Approach to International Law: From Traditional Westphalianism to Aggressive Instrumentalism in the Xi Jinping Era
Authors: Wang Jiangyu , Cheng Huaer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
China has been expanding its engagement with the international legal order for decades,1 yet its general approach to international law remains mysterious or at least hard to understand. This article provides a preliminary examination of China’s contemporary international legal stance. It argues that, although China has appeared to be a follower of the traditional Westphalianism, it is at heart an instrumentalist in terms of complying with international law. In the Xi Jinping era, China’s approach to international law can be characterized as ‘aggressive instrumentalism’, though Xi Jinping’s ‘Community of Shared Future for Mankind’ concept has arguably also demonstrated a certain degree of idealism.
Atlantic White-Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides[L.] B.S.P.) Response Post-Hurricane Disturbance
Authors: Hale Clayton W , Granger Joshua J , Correa Sandra B , DuBien Janice L , Siegert Courtney M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtlantic white-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides [L.] B.S.P.) is considered critically imperiled across much of its range. This species occurs in freshwater swamps, rarely further inland than 160 km from the Atlantic or Gulf Coasts and is susceptible to several natural and anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., tropical cyclones, fire, saltwater inundation, overharvesting). As the frequency and intensity of tropical storms increase, understanding the regeneration of Atlantic white-cedar will be critical to its conservation. This study evaluated the regeneration of Atlantic white-cedar 14 years after Hurricane Katrina. All Atlantic white-cedar ≥2.5 cm at breast height were inventoried within an ~9 ha study area located within Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge in Jackson County, Mississippi, USA. Additionally, the competing woody vegetation was surveyed. After Hurricane Katrina, the number of Atlantic white-cedar stems increased by 191%. This long-term study provides the first analysis of Atlantic white-cedar regeneration post–tropical cyclone disturbance within the Gulf Coast and allows conservationists a better understanding of the effects of tropical cyclone disturbance on this species.
A Review and Case Study of 3D Imaging Modalities for Female Amniote Reproductive Anatomy
Authors: Clear Emma , Grant Robyn A , Carroll Michael , Brassey Charlotte A 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisRecent advances in non-invasive imaging methods have revitalized the field of comparative anatomy, and reproductive anatomy has been no exception. The reproductive systems of female amniotes present specific challenges, namely their often internal “hidden” anatomy. Quantifying female reproductive systems is crucial to recognizing reproductive pathologies, monitoring menstrual cycles, and understanding copulatory mechanics. Here, we conduct a review of the application of non-invasive imaging techniques to female amniote reproductive anatomy. We introduce the commonly used imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlighting their advantages and limitations when applied to female reproductive tissues, and make suggestions for future advances. We also include a case study of micro CT and MRI, along with their associated staining protocols, applied to cadavers of female adult stoats (Mustela erminea). In doing so, we will progress the discussion surrounding the imaging of female reproductive anatomy, whilst also impacting the fields of sexual selection research and comparative anatomy more broadly.
Proteomic Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in People With HIV: Analysis of the REPRIEVE Mechanistic Substudy
Authors: Kolossváry Márton , deFilippi Chris , Lu Michael T , Zanni Markella V , Fulda Evelynne S , Foldyna Borek , Ribaudo Heather , Mayrhofer Thomas , Collier Ann C , Bloomfield Gerald S , Fichtenbaum Carl , Overton Edgar T , Aberg Judith A , Currier Judith , Fitch Kathleen V , Douglas Pamela S , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) have subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) despite low traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores. Coronary plaque in PWH presents as a unique phenotype, but little is known about the contributions of specific inflammatory pathways to plaque phenotypes in PWH.MethodsThe REPRIEVE Mechanistic Substudy enrolled PWH on ART without known cardiovascular disease. We used a targeted discovery proteomics approach to evaluate 246 unique proteins representing cardiovascular, inflammatory, and immune pathways. Proteomic signatures were determined for presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC &gt; 0) and presence of coronary plaque.ResultsData were available for 662 participants (aged 51 [SD 6] years, ASCVD risk score 4.9% [SD 3.1%]). Among 12 proteins associated with both CAC and presence of coronary plaque, independent of ASCVD risk score, the odds ratios were highest for NRP1: 5.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–11.4) for CAC and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4–6.1) for presence of plaque. Proteins uniquely related to presence of plaque were CST3, LTBR, MEPE, PLC, SERPINA5, and TNFSF13B; in contrast, DCN, IL-6RA, OSMR, ST2, and VCAM1 were only related to CAC.ConclusionsDistinct immune and inflammatory pathways are differentially associated with subclinical CAD phenotypes among PWH. This comprehensive set of targets should be further investigated to reduce atherosclerosis and ASCVD in PWH.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02344290.
Smart Eco-Friendly Spectrophotometric Methods Resolving Highly Overlapping Spectra: Application to Veterinary Antibiotic Injections
Authors: Fahmy Nesma M , Abdullatif Hind A , Michael Adel M , Ayad Miriam F , Trabik Yossra A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Over the last few years, mathematical manipulation has proved to be a very powerful means of successfully resolving severely overlapped spectra for various multicomponent mixtures.

Objective
Smart and environmentally friendly spectrophotometric determination approaches were used for two binary mixtures of fixed dose veterinary injections containing flunixin meglumine (FLU) combined with either florfenicol (FLR), or oxytetracycline HCl (OXY).

Methods
Regarding the first mixture, both FLU and FLR were determined by three successive resolution techniques, which were; constant multiplication coupled with spectrum subtraction (CM-SS), derivative ratio (DD1), and ratio difference (RD), and two progressive resolution techniques which were absorbance subtraction (AS) and amplitude modulation (AM). Also, graphical representation of concentration of the two drugs through concentration value (CNV) method was also applied. Concerning the second mixture, both FLU and OXY showed severely overlapped spectra and a comparative study was conducted for the determination of each drug by constant center (CC), ratio subtraction via amplitude difference coupled with spectrum subtraction (RS/AD-SS), constant value via amplitude difference (CV-AD), and advanced concentration value (ACV) methods.

Results
Calibration graphs of the first mixture were linear over the range 5–40 µg/mL for FLU, and 3–40 µg/mL for FLR. The proposed methods overcame the problem of the overlapped spectra and the presence of a minor component in the mixture. Regarding the second mixture, calibration graphs were linear over the range 2.5–24 µg/mL for FLU and 4–28 µg/mL for OXY.

Conclusion
The proposed methods were successfully validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The obtained results were statistically compared with the official or reported methods, showing no significant difference concerning accuracy and precision. The methods were evaluated for greenness by three different assessment tools: NEMI, analytical ecoscale, and GAPI.

Highlights
The methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the two combinations in synthetic mixtures and their marketed antibiotic veterinary injections: Megluflor® and Floxon®.
Effects of yeast-based pre- and probiotics in lactation diets of sows on litter performance and antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli of sows
Authors: Chance Jenna A , DeRouchey Joel M , Amachawadi Raghavendra G , Ishengoma Victor , Nagaraja Tiruvoor G , Goodband Robert D , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Kang Qing , Loughmiller Joseph A , Hotze Brian , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A total of 80 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) across three farrowing groups were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts to lactating sows on sow and litter performance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of sow fecal E. coli. Sows were blocked by farrowing group, BW, and parity on day 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of a standard lactation diet with or without yeast-based pre- and probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Diets were fed from day 110 of gestation until weaning (approximately d 19 post-farrow). A tendency (P = 0.073) was observed for increased feed intake through lactation when sows were fed a diet with yeast additives compared with the control diet. There was no evidence (P &gt; 0.10) that treatment influenced any other sow or litter performance measurements. Fecal samples were collected upon entry into the farrowing house and at weaning from the first farrowing group (27 sows) to determine the resistance patterns of E. coli. E. coli was isolated from fecal samples and species confirmed by PCR detection of uidA and clpB genes. Microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli isolates to 14 antimicrobials. Isolates were categorized as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. An interaction (P = 0.026) of diet × sampling day was observed for cefoxitin where fecal E. coli showed no evidence of treatment differences (P = 0.237) in MIC values at entry, but sows fed the control diet had lower (P = 0.035) MIC values at weaning compared with sows fed yeast additives. There were no diet main effects (P &gt; 0.10) on the resistance of fecal E. coli. There was an increased (P &lt; 0.02) toward resistance for 11 of the 14 antimicrobials over time. Fecal E. coli were resistant to tetracycline and ceftriaxone at weaning. Fecal E. coli were susceptible or intermediate in all sampling days to the remaining antimicrobials. In conclusion, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts tended to increase feed intake during lactation but did not influence either sow or litter performance measurements or the resistance of fecal E. coli during lactation except for cefoxitin, which had a higher MIC at the end of lactation when yeast additives were present in the diet.
Influence of yeast-based pre- and probiotics in lactation and nursery diets on nursery pig performance and antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli
Authors: Chance Jenna A , DeRouchey Joel M , Amachawadi Raghavendra G , Ishengoma Victor , Nagaraja Tiruvoor G , Goodband Robert D , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Kang Qing , Loughmiller Joseph A , Hotze Brian , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of various combinations of yeast-based direct fed microbials (DFM) in diets fed to nursery pigs weaned from sows fed lactation diets with or without yeast additives. In Exp. 1, 340 weaned pigs, initially 5.1 kg ± 0.02, were used to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs. yeast additives) and nursery diets with or without added yeast-based DFM on growth performance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of fecal Escherichia coli. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan, Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) and nursery treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from days 0 to 7, then concentrations were decreased by 50% from days 7 to 24) with 5 pigs per pen and 17 replications per treatment. Progeny from sows fed yeast additives had increased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) from days 0 to 24 and days 0 to 45. However, pigs that were fed yeast additives for the first 24 d in the nursery tended to have decreased days 0 to 45 ADG (P = 0.079). Fecal E. coli isolated from pigs from the sows fed yeast group had increased (P = 0.034) resistance to nalidixic acid and a tendency for increased resistance to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.065) and gentamicin (P = 0.054). Yet, when yeast additives were added in the nursery, there was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) fecal E. coli resistance to azithromycin and chloramphenicol. In Exp. 2, 330 weaned pigs, initially 5.8 kg ± 0.03, were used to evaluate diets with two different combinations of DFM on growth performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (same as described in Exp. 1) and nursery treatment (control; YCW, 0.05% of SafMannan from days 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from days 0 to 10 and 0.025% from days 10 to 24; or DFM, 0.10% MicroSaf-S from days 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from days 0 to 10 and 0.025% from days 10 to 24) with 6 pigs per pen and 8 to 10 replications per treatment. From days 0 to 10 post-weaning, progeny of sows fed yeast additives had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F. In conclusion, feeding sows yeast through lactation improved offspring growth performance in the nursery. Although feeding live yeast and yeast extracts reduced nursery pig performance in Exp. 1, feeding DFM improved growth later in the nursery period in Exp. 2.