bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taste triggers a homeostatic temperature control in hungry flies
Authors: Umezaki Yujiro , Hidalgo Sergio , Nguyen Erika , Nguyen Tiffany , Suh Jay , Uchino Sheena S. , Chiu Joanna C. , Hamada Fumika N. 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYHungry animals consistently show a desire to obtain food. Even a brief sensory detection of food can trigger bursts of physiological and behavioral changes. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the sensation of food triggers the acute behavioral response remain elusive. We have previously shown inDrosophilathat hunger drives a preference for low temperature. BecauseDrosophilais a small ectotherm, a preference for low temperature implies a low body temperature and a low metabolic rate. Here, we show that taste sensing triggers a switch from a low to a high temperature preference in hungry flies. We show that taste stimulation by artificial sweeteners or optogenetics triggers an acute warm preference, but is not sufficient to reach the fed state. Instead, nutrient intake is required to reach the fed state. The data suggest that starvation recovery is controlled by two components: taste-evoked and nutrient-induced warm preferences, and that taste and nutrient quality play distinct roles in starvation recovery. Animals are motivated to eat based on time of day or hunger. We found that clock genes and hunger signals profoundly control the taste-evoked warm preferences. Thus, our data suggest that the taste-evoked response is one of the critical layers of regulatory mechanisms representing internal energy homeostasis and metabolism.
Chikungunya virus transmission in the Southernmost state of Brazil was characterized by self-limited cases (2017–2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak
Authors: Gregianini Tatiana Schäffer , Salvato Richard Steiner , Barcellos Regina Bones , Godinho Fernanda Marques , Ruivo Amanda Pellenz , de Melo Viviane Horn , Schroder Júlio Augusto , Martiny Fernanda Letícia , Möllmann Erica Bortoli , Favreto Cátia , Baethgen Ludmila Fiorenzano , Ferreira Vithoria Pompermaier , de Lima Lívia Eidt , Piazza Cláudia Fasolo , Machado Taís Raquel Marcon , Becker Irina Marieta , Ramos Raquel Rocha , Frölich Guilherme Carey , Rossetti Alana Fraga , Almeida Lucas da Cunha , Rodrigues Tahiana Machado Antunes , Bragança Isabella Tabelli , Campos Aline Alves Scarpellini , Manzoni Verônica Baú , Machado Lais Ceschini , da Silva Luisa Maria Inácio , de Oliveira André Luiz Sá , Paiva Marcelo Henrique Santos , Nunes Zenaida Marion Alves , de Almeida Paula Rodrigues , Demoliner Meriane , Gularte Juliana Schons , da Silva Mariana Soares , Filippi Micheli , Pereira Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes , Spilki Fernando Rosado , da Veiga Ana Beatriz Gorini , Wallau Gabriel Luz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChikungunya is a reemerging arthropod-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean and ECSA genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several states since 2014. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost State, the first autochthonous cases were reported in 2016. We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterize the increasing CHIKF burden in RS between 2017– 2021. Distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype were responsible for human infections between 2017–2021. Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. New CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.
Locus coeruleus norepinephrine selectively controls visual attention
Authors: Ghosh Supriya , Maunsell John H. R. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTNorepinephrine (NE) neuromodulation plays a role in diverse non-specific physiological and cognitive functions including wakefulness, arousal, and cognitive performance. NE modulation of neuronal responses in the cerebral cortex has been proposed to mediate improved task-specific behavior by enhancing sensory processing. However, the sensory-specific NE contribution on performance remains unknown. We directly tested the role of NE-mediated neuromodulation of sensory signals on perceptual performance in non-human primates doing visual spatial attention tasks. We found that NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) respond selectively to an attended stimulus. Optogenetically enhancing the sensory-specific responses of LC-NE neurons improved the monkeys’ sensory discrimination in a spatially selectively way, without affecting motor processing. These findings identify a specific contribution of NE neuromodulation of sensory representations to selective attention and performance.One-Sentence SummaryOptogenetic activation of monkey locus coeruleus causes a strong and spatially selective improvement in visual sensitivity.Graphical abstractElevation of phasic norepinephrine signal by optogenetic stimulation of locus coeruleus in non-human primates selectively improves attentional performance that attributes to enhanced sensory sensitivity.
Subcellular proteomics and iPSC modeling uncover reversible mechanisms of axonal pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cai Yifei , Kanyo Jean , Wilson Rashaun , Bathla Shveta , Cardozo Pablo Leal , Tong Lei , Qin Shanshan , Fuentes Lukas A. , Pinheiro-de-Sousa Iguaracy , Huynh Tram , Sun Liyuan , Mansuri Mohammad Shahid , Tian Zichen , Gan Hao-Ran , Braker Amber , Trinh Hoang Kim , Huttner Anita , Lam TuKiet T. , Petsalaki Evangelia , Brennand Kristen J. , Nairn Angus C. , Grutzendler Jaime 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAxonal spheroids (dystrophic neurites) are commonly found around amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They impair electrical conduction, disrupt neural circuits, and correlate with AD severity. Despite their significance, the mechanisms underlying spheroid formation remain unknown. To address this, we developed a proximity labeling proteomics approach to uncover the proteome of spheroids in human postmortem and mouse brains. Additionally, we established a human iPSC-derived AD model allowing mechanistic investigation of spheroid pathology and optical electrophysiology. This approach revealed the subcellular molecular architecture of spheroids and identified abnormalities in key biological processes, including protein turnover, cytoskeleton dynamics, and lipid transport. Notably, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which regulates these processes, was activated within spheroids. Furthermore, phosphorylated mTOR levels in spheroids strongly correlated with AD severity in humans. Importantly, inhibition of mTOR in iPSC-derived neurons and in mice ameliorated spheroid pathology. Altogether, our study provides a multidisciplinary toolkit for investigating mechanisms and novel targets for axonal pathology in neurodegeneration.
Elucidation of small molecule passive permeation across lipid membranes using conventional solution state NMR methods
Authors: Serrano-Sanchez Angela , Cassar Joseph , White Lisa J. , Popoola Precious I. A. , Hiscock Jennifer R. , Ortega-Roldan Jose L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantifying small molecule uptake across a biological membrane in any cell system is crucial for the development of efficacious and selective drugs. However, obtaining such data is not trivial, especially in bacterial systems. Herein, we present an assay which enables the determination of the degree of passive permeation and membrane interaction of mixtures of small molecules in vesicles of a desired lipid composition, including that of bacterial membranes. The assay employs highly accessible conventional solution NMR experiments, exploiting the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement effect, and allows the measurement of membrane permeation on mixtures of any number of small molecules which do not exhibit heterogeneous molecular signal overlap in under 20 minutes. As a proof-of -principle we apply this methodology to candidates from a class of supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles, members from which have been shown to interact with biological phospholipid membranes and elicit an antimicrobial effect, allowing the determination and comparison of their membrane permeability and membrane interaction properties.
Magnesium modulates Bacillus subtilis cell division frequency
Authors: Guo Tingfeng , Herman Jennifer K. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBy chance, we discovered a window of extracellular magnesium (Mg2+) availability that modulates Bacillus subtilis division frequency without affecting growth rate. In this window, cells grown with excess Mg2+ produce shorter cells than those grown in unsupplemented medium. The Mg2+-responsive adjustment in cell length occurs in both rich and minimal media and in domesticated and undomesticated strains. Of other divalent cations tested, manganese (Mn2+) and zinc (Zn2+) also resulted in cell shortening, but only at concentrations that affected growth. Cell length decreased proportionally with increasing Mg2+ from 0.2 mM to 2.0 mM, with little or no detectable change in labile, intracellular Mg2+ based on a riboswitch reporter. Cells grown in excess Mg2+ had fewer nucleoids and possessed more FtsZ-rings per unit cell length, consistent with increased division frequency. Remarkably, when shifting cells from unsupplemented to supplemented medium, more than half of the cell length decrease occurred in the first 10 min, consistent with rapid division onset. Relative to unsupplemented cells, cells growing at steady-state with excess Mg2+ showed enhanced expression of a large number of SigB-regulated genes and activation of the Fur, MntR, and Zur regulons. Thus, by manipulating the availability of one nutrient, we were able to uncouple growth rate from division frequency and identify transcriptional changes suggesting cell division is accompanied by oxidative stress and an enhanced demand to sequester and/or increase uptake of iron, Mn2+, and Zn2+.IMPORTANCEThe signals cells use to trigger cell division are unknown. Although division is often considered intrinsic to the cell-cycle, microorganisms can continue to grow and repeat rounds of DNA replication without dividing, indicating cycles of division can be skipped. Here we show that by manipulating a single nutrient, Mg2+, cell division can be uncoupled from growth rate. This finding can be applied to investigate the nature of the cell division signal(s).
DELE1 oligomerization promotes integrated stress response activation
Authors: Yang Jie , Baron Kelsey R. , Pride Daniel E. , Schneemann Anette , Guo Xiaoyan , Chen Wenqian , Song Albert S. , Aviles Giovanni , Kampmann Martin , Wiseman R. Luke , Lander Gabriel C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic organelles that must continually adapt and respond to cellular stress. Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondrial stress can be relayed from mitochondria to the cytosol by the release of a C-terminal proteolytic fragment of DELE1 that binds to the eIF2α kinase HRI to initiate integrate stress response (ISR) signaling. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the active, C-terminal cleavage product of human DELE1 at ∼3.8 A° resolution. Our structure reveals that DELE1 assembles into a high-order oligomer that is observed both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Structurally, the oligomer consists of eight DELE1 monomers that assemble with D4 symmetry via two sets of distinct hydrophobic inter-subunit interactions. We identified the key residues involved in DELE1 oligomerization, and confirmed their role in stabilizing the octamer in vitro and in cells using mutagenesis. Further, we show that assembly impaired DELE1 mutants are compromised in their ability to induce ISR activation in cell culture models. Together, our findings provide molecular insights into the activity of DELE1 and how it signals to promote ISR activity following mitochondrial insult.
Machine learning for discovery: deciphering RNA splicing logic
Authors: Liao Susan E. , Sudarshan Mukund , Regev Oded 
Published: October 2022

SummaryMachine learning methods, particularly neural networks trained on large datasets, are transforming how scientists approach scientific discovery and experimental design. However, current state-of-the-art neural networks are limited by their uninterpretability: despite their excellent accuracy, they cannot describe how they arrived at their predictions. Here, using an “interpretable-by-design” approach, we present a neural network model that provides insights into RNA splicing, a fundamental process in the transfer of genomic information into functional biochemical products. Although we designed our model to emphasize interpretability, its predictive accuracy is on par with state-of-the-art models. To demonstrate the model’s interpretability, we introduce a visualization that, for any given exon, allows us to trace and quantify the entire decision process from input sequence to output splicing prediction. Importantly, the model revealed novel components of the splicing logic, which we experimentally validated. This study highlights how interpretable machine learning can advance scientific discovery.
Determinants of the microbiome spatial variability in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Szaleniec Joanna , Bezshapkin Valentyn , Krawczyk Agnieszka , Kopera Katarzyna , Zapała Barbara , Gosiewski Tomasz , Kosciolek Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sinus microbiome in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is considered homogenous across the sinonasal cavity. The middle nasal meatus is the recommended sampling site for 16S rRNA sequencing. However, individuals with unusually high between-site variability between the middle meatus and the sinuses were identified in previous studies. This study aimed to identify which factors determine increased microbial heterogeneity between sampling sites in the sinuses.MethodologyIn this cross-sectional study samples for 16S rRNA sequencing were obtained from the middle meatus, the maxillary and the frontal sinus in 50 patients with CRS. The microbiome diversity between sampling sites was analysed in relation to the size of the sinus ostia and clinical metadata.ResultsIn approximately 15% of study participants, the differences between sampling sites within one patient were greater than between the patient and other individuals. Contrary to a popular hypothesis, obstruction of the sinus ostium resulted in decreased dissimilarity between the sinus and the middle meatus. The dissimilarity between the sampling sites was patient-specific: greater between-sinus differences were associated with greater meatus-sinus differences, regardless of the drainage pathway patency. Decreased spatial variability was observed in patients with nasal polyps and extensive mucosal changes in the sinuses.ConclusionsSampling from the middle meatus is not universally representative of the sinus microbiome. The differences between sites cannot be predicted from the patency of communication pathways between them.
Plasticity and interactions in the odor responses of maxillary palps neurons in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Saran Singh Swikriti , Garg Sanket , Singh Pranjul , Gupta Smith , Airan Abhinav , Goyal Shefali , Gupta Nitin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaxillary palps, in addition to the antennae, are major olfactory organs in mosquitoes and play an important role in the detection of human hosts. The sensory neurons of the maxillary palps reside in the capitate peg sensilla, each of which contains three neurons. In Aedes aegypti, the neuron with the largest spike amplitude in the sensillum is known to detect carbon dioxide. However, the responses of the other two neurons and the functional consequences of the grouping of these neurons within sensilla are not well understood. Here we identify odorants that activate the other two neurons. We detect a short-term plasticity in the odor-evoked local field potential of the sensillum and show that it originates in the spiking responses of the smallest-amplitude neuron, even though all three neurons contribute to the local field potential. We also detect inhibitory interactions among these neurons within the sensillum. We further show that the plasticity and the lateral interactions are functionally important as they affect the responses of the downstream projection neurons in the antennal lobe.
“Automatic” interpretation of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) results for nonexpert users, using R programming
Authors: Moschidis Stratos , Markos Angelos , Thanopoulos Athanasios C. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to create an automatic interpretation of the results of the method of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) for categorical variables, so that the nonexpert user can immediately and safely interpret the results, which concern, as the authors know, the categories of variables that strongly interact and determine the trends of the subject under investigation.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a novel theoretical approach to interpreting the results of the MCA method. The classical interpretation of MCA results is based on three indicators: the projection (F) of the category points of the variables in factorial axes, the point contribution to axis creation (CTR) and the correlation (COR) of a point with an axis. The synthetic use of the aforementioned indicators is arduous, particularly for nonexpert users, and frequently results in misinterpretations. The current study has achieved a synthesis of the aforementioned indicators, so that the interpretation of the results is based on a new indicator, as correspondingly on an index, the well-known method principal component analysis (PCA) for continuous variables is based.FindingsTwo (2) concepts were proposed in the new theoretical approach. The interpretative axis corresponding to the classical factorial axis and the interpretative plane corresponding to the factorial plane that as it will be seen offer clear and safe interpretative results in MCA.Research limitations/implicationsIt is obvious that in the development of the proposed automatic interpretation of the MCA results, the authors do not have in the interpretative axes the actual projections of the points as is the case in the original factorial axes, but this is not of interest to the simple user who is only interested in being able to distinguish the categories of variables that determine the interpretation of the most pronounced trends of the phenomenon being examined.Practical implicationsThe results of this research can have positive implications for the dissemination of MCA as a method and its use as an integrated exploratory data analysis approach.Originality/valueInterpreting the MCA results presents difficulties for the nonexpert user and sometimes lead to misinterpretations. The interpretative difficulty persists in the MCA's other interpretative proposals. The proposed method of interpreting the MCA results clearly and accurately allows for the interpretation of its results and thus contributes to the dissemination of the MCA as an integrated method of categorical data analysis and exploration.
In search of the intrinsic value of one country two systems: from selective adaptation to normative consensus
Authors: Wang Chao 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis article examines the effects and implications of the 2019 social movement in Hong Kong and those of the enactment of the National Security Law (NSL) for Hong Kong for one country two systems (OCTS). It further explores how these factors potentially promote or threaten the intrinsic value of OCTS a normative consensus. It also discusses the factors underpinning the rationale of OCTS as a normative consensus and whether this consensus is inviolable and sustainable.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses the concept of selective adaptation, especially the element of complementarity to explainthe legal behaviour of the Peopleʼs Republic of China (PRC) in relation to Hong Kong and to examine the effects and implications of the 2019 social movement in Hong Kong and those of the enactment of the NSL for Hong Kong for OCTS. It further explores how these factors potentially promote or threaten the intrinsic value of OCTS a normative consensus. It also discusses the factors underpinning the rationale of OCTS as a normative consensus and whether this consensus is inviolable and sustainable.FindingsIt is still possible and feasible for China and the West to work out a normative consensus to sustain and/or restore the core values of Hong Kong – the rule of law, freedom of expression, and political participation – while accommodating the PRC's political concerns about national sovereignty and security. This intrinsic value of OCTS in terms of seeking complementarity and coexistence between the Western liberal norms of governance and Chinese socialist ideology, should be acknowledged and that the OCTS policy should remain in full force to serve as a normative consensus between China and the West, and the feasibility of this proposed normative consensus rests on the PRC's self-interest.Originality/valueThis is one of the very few original research that applies the paradigm of selective adaptation to explain and understand the legal behaviour and phenomenon in relation to PRC's policy towards Hong Kong.
Are the works that cite Beall's List accounting journals comparable to those that cite Scopus journals of similar citation impact?
Authors: Walters William H. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTh study evaluates the apparent quality of the 10 Beall's List accounting journals with the highest citation rates by investigating whether the works that cite those journals are comparable to those that cite 11 Scopus journals of similar citation impact.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates the characteristics of the works that cited the Beall's List and Scopus journals, 2015–2020, comparing the two groups of citing works by publication type (article, book, etc.), extent of self-citation, inclusion in Beall's List and Scopus, Open Access (OA) status, publisher type, citation impact, and country/region of interest.FindingsThe Beall's List accounting journals tend to be cited in less reputable outlets; they are especially likely to be cited in Beall's List journals and especially unlikely to be cited in Scopus journals. However, other evidence suggests that these journals occupy a distinctive niche. The works that cite Beall's List journals are especially likely to be OA, to be published by universities and other nonprofits, and to focus on lower-income countries. They also have relatively low journal and publisher self-citation rates.Originality/valueBeall's List accounting journals may be especially useful to scholars who rely on OA journals, who see their local universities as natural publishing partners, and who investigate topics of concern to developing countries. An increase in the number of non-predatory journals that cater to these authors' needs might help resolve the apparent problem of unmet demand for journal space.