bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Model‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Lung Function Response to Support Phase III Study Design in Chinese Patients With Asthma
Authors: Yang Shuying , Simeoni Monica , Beerahee Misba 
Published: March 2022

Asthma is a chronic disease of the lungs characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased airway responsiveness. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) is used as a measure of lung function and to help diagnose and monitor lung diseases, including asthma. An exponential longitudinal model has been previously developed to adequately describe the FEV1 response in asthma patients with placebo. This model was the basis of a longitudinal model‐based meta‐analysis which was undertaken to describe the trough FEV1 responses ranging up to 1 year from nine clinical studies in a population with asthma (N = 3,896), following placebo, dual combination (fluticasone furoate/vilanterol), and triple combination (fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol) given via inhalation. Numerical, graphical and simulation‐based diagnostics showed that a Weibull model adequately characterized the longitudinal trough FEV1 response with time. Automatic covariate selection supported by statistically based regression models identified a range of patient characteristics influencing the model parameters. Race was a significant covariate on baseline but not on the parameters that impact the FEV1 trajectory. Based on the trough FEV1, all active treatments were found to be significantly different when compared with placebo and showed clinically meaningful improvement in FEV1. The model was able to predict the longitudinal FEV1 response in Chinese patients with inadequately controlled asthma and was used to provide additional support with respect to the design for a shorter‐duration phase III study to the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA).
Analytical model of inverse memelement with fractional order kinetic
Authors: Banchuin Rawid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, the analytical model of inverse memelement with fractional order kinetic has been proposed. The classical yet noncontroversial Caputo fractional derivative has been adopted for modeling such fractional order kinetic due to its simplicity yet accuracy. Based on the proposed model, the analysis of fractional order kinetic inverse memristor has been thoroughly performed where both nonperiodic and periodic excitations have been considered. Analytical formulations of the related parameters, for example, the rate of changes of inverse memristance, area of inverse memristance loop, and area of pinched hysteresis loop, and so on, have been performed. The extension of the proposed model to the fractional inverse memelement has been performed where the fractional inverse memristor has been analyzed. We have found that the inverse memristor still behaves in an opposite manner to the memristor even with the fractional order kinetic. All obtained results have been found to be intuitively applicable to any inverse memelement. The equivalent circuit models of both fractional inverse memristor and fractional inverse memelement have also been presented. This work provides a comprehensive understanding on both inverse memelement with fractional order kinetic and fractional inverse memelement. The realization of the emulator of such inverse memelement with fractional order kinetic and the fractional inverse memelement emulator has been found to be interesting opened research questions.
Drivers and consequences of partial migration in an alpine bird species
Authors: Arnekleiv Øyvind , Eldegard Katrine , Moa Pål F. , Eriksen Lasse F. , Nilsen Erlend B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Partial migration, where a portion of the population migrates between winter and summer (breeding) areas and the rest remain year‐round resident, is a common phenomenon across several taxonomic groups. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain why some individuals migrate while others stay resident, as well as the fitness consequences of the different strategies. Yet, the drivers and consequences of the decision to migrate or not are poorly understood.

We used data from radio‐tagged female (n = 73) willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus in an alpine study area in Central Norway to test if (i) the decision to migrate was dependent on individual state variables (age and body weight), (ii) individuals repeated migratory decisions between seasons, and (iii) the choice of migratory strategy was related to reproductive success.

Partially supporting our prediction that migratory strategy depends on individual state, we found that juvenile birds with small body sizes were more likely to migrate, whereas large juveniles remained resident. For adult females, we found no relationship between the decision to migrate or stay resident and body weight. We found evidence for high individual repeatability of migratory decision between seasons. Migratory strategy did not explain variation in clutch size or nest fate among individuals, suggesting no direct influence of the chosen strategy on reproductive success.

Our results indicate that partial migration in willow ptarmigan is related to juvenile body weight, and that migratory behavior becomes a part of the individual life history as a fixed strategy. Nesting success was not affected by migratory strategy in our study population, but future studies should assess other traits to further test potential fitness consequences.
Genome and cuticular hydrocarbon‐based species delimitation shed light on potential drivers of speciation in a Neotropical ant species complex
Authors: Meza‐Lázaro Rubi N. , Peña‐Carrillo Kenzy I. , Poteaux Chantal , Lorenzi Maria Cristina , Wetterer James K. , Zaldívar‐Riverón Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGeographic separation that leads to the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations generally is considered the most common form of speciation. However, speciation may also occur in the absence of geographic barriers due to phenotypic and genotypic factors such as chemical cue divergence, mating signal divergence, and mitonuclear conflict. Here, we performed an integrative study based on two genome‐wide techniques (3RAD and ultraconserved elements) coupled with cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence data, to assess the species limits within the Ectatomma ruidum species complex, a widespread and conspicuous group of Neotropical ants for which heteroplasmy (i.e., presence of multiple mtDNA variants in an individual) has been recently discovered in some populations from southeast Mexico. Our analyses indicate the existence of at least five distinct species in this complex: two widely distributed across the Neotropics, and three that are restricted to southeast Mexico and that apparently have high levels of heteroplasmy. We found that species boundaries in the complex did not coincide with geographic barriers. We therefore consider possible roles of alternative drivers that may have promoted the observed patterns of speciation, including mitonuclear incompatibility, CHC differentiation, and colony structure. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously assessing different sources of evidence to disentangle the species limits of taxa with complicated evolutionary histories.
Design and analysis of 28 GHz CMOS low power LNA with 6.4 dB gain variability for 5G applications
Authors: Roobert A. Andrew , Arunodhayamary P. Sherly , Rani D. Gracia Nirmala , Venkatesh M. , Julus L. Jerart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 28 GHz two stage low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed with envelope detection technique for power reduction (21.62%) and tunable negative feedback capacitor for gain variation in 40 nm CMOS technology. The envelope detection circuit turn‐on the second half of the LNA by the RF signal input received at the first stage. The default gain is increased (31.53%) by the tunable negative feedback capacitor circuit of the LNA with the control voltage from 0 to 1 V. In addition, 6.22 GHz of bandwidth is achieved with the tunable gain from 20.3 dB to 26.7 dB. The first stage of the LNA is designed with the inductive source degeneration for the noise reduction, and the multiple‐gate topology is involved in the second stage to improve the linearity. The third‐order input intercept point and the noise figure of the LNA are −7 dBm and 2.86 dB, respectively. When the second stage is turned‐on and turned‐off the LNA consumes 7.4 mW and 5.8 mW of power, respectively, from the 1 V supply. The proposed LNA requires 0.19 mm2 of core area. The performance of the LNA under process corner variation and temperature variation are analyzed.
Effect of different salt concentrations on the gamma‐aminobutyric‐acid content and glutamate decarboxylase activity in germinated sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench) grain
Authors: Elbaloula Maha F. , Hassan Amro B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and glutamate decarboxylase activity (GAD) in germinated sorghum grain as affected by different concentrations of NaCl, pyridoxal 5‐phosphate (PLP), and CaCl2. In general, the obtained results revealed that the addition of low doses of NaCl (40 mmol/L), PLP (90 mmol/L), and CaCl2(0.5 mmol/L) to the germination culture significantly (p < .05) enhanced the GABA content and subsequently improved the GAD activity in sorghum grains. Moreover, CaCl2played a dominant role in the extent of enzymolysis, followed by NaCl and PLP. Regarding the GABA content, the optimal concentration of the NaCl, PLP, and CaCl2was estimated as 41.07 mmol/L, 82.62 μmol/L, and 0.40 mmol/L, respectively. Under this optimal culture medium, the maximum GABA content was 0.336 mg/g. In conclusion, the findings of this work would provide a scientific basis for the industrialized production of GABA‐enriched sorghum foods.
Application of Budyko framework to irrigation districts in China under various climatic conditions
Authors: Chen Hang , Huo Zailin , Zhang Lu , Cui Jing , Shen Yingying , Han Zhenzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBudyko's framework has been widely used to study basin‐scale water balance. In this study, we focus on the extended application of Fu's equation (one formulation of the Budyko‐type curves) to 371 large irrigation districts in China over a period of 2010–2017. Water balance method was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in the irrigated areas. Considering the contribution of shallow groundwater to , the water availability in the Budyko framework defined as equivalent precipitation for irrigation areas is the sum of irrigation water , precipitation and groundwater evaporation . Results showed that the relationships between evapotranspiration , water availability and energy supply can be accurately described by the Budyko's curves. The optimal values of Budyko parameter ω for each irrigation district was obtained with multi‐annual data using least square method. The Fu's equation performed better in humid and semi‐humid regions than arid and semi‐arid regions. The comparison between and confirmed the relative effect of water availability and energy supply on according to the variation of climatic conditions. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil properties (denoted by the proportion of clay and sand) were selected to develop empirical equation for parameter ω using multiple linear regression analysis method. This study shows that the Budyko framework can be extended to irrigation areas and provides useful information on evapotranspiration to assist in water management in irrigation areas.
Understanding client engagement in digital mental health interventions: An investigation of the eTherapy Attitudes and Process Questionnaire
Authors: Clough Bonnie , Yousif Christina , Miles Sasha , Stillerova Sophia , Ganapathy Aarthi , Casey Leanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsDigital mental health services may increase the accessibility and affordability of mental health treatments. However, client dropout a low use is often reported. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the structural validity of the e‐Therapy Attitudes and Process (eTAP) questionnaire, as a theoretically based (theory of planned behavior) tool for understanding ongoing client engagement intentions with digital mental health treatments. The possible role of eHealth literacy in predicting behavioral intentions to use digital mental health treatments was also examined.MethodsParticipants were 244 Australian‐based adults aged between 18 and 56 years, who were currently using a digital mental health tool. Data were collected via online survey.ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted, with good model fit obtained following two theoretically supported modifications. Moderated hierarchical regression supported the utility of the theory of planned behavior in predicting behavioral intentions, with attitudes emerging as a strong and consistent individual predictor. No support was found for the moderating role or individual significance of eHealth literacy.ConclusionsThese findings support the clinical and research use of the eTAP as a theory‐based measure to understand client engagement in digital mental health interventions. The study also highlights the need for interventions to target attitudes to improve clients' ongoing engagement in digital mental health.
Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy
Authors: Walle Kjersti M. , Askeland Ragna B. , Gustavson Kristin , Mjaaland Siri , Ystrom Eivind , Lipkin W. Ian , Magnus Per , Stoltenberg Camilla , Susser Ezra , Bresnahan Michaeline , Hornig Mady , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Ask Helga 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to date and results are conflicting. The current study investigates the associations between specific groups of prenatal maternal infections and offspring ADHD, considering timing of exposure and the role of fever.MethodsWe used data from the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including more than 112,000 pregnancies, linked with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Patient Registry to estimate odds ratios for the likelihood that children develop ADHD after being exposed to maternal infections during gestation.ResultsChildren exposed to any maternal infection during pregnancy showed increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.03–1.27). Specifically, increased ADHD risk was observed after exposure to genitourinary infections in second (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.06–1.90) or third trimester (OR = 2.04, CI = 1.19–3.49), and to respiratory infections in second trimester (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.12–1.54), provided these infections were accompanied by episodes of fever. Increased ADHD risk was also observed after exposure to diarrhea without fever in the third trimester (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.07–1.46).ConclusionsOverall, our results suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal infections, particularly with co‐occurring episodes of fever, are risk factors for ADHD. Fever (or severity of the infection) appears to be more important in mid‐pregnancy associations. Our results indicate that type of infection and timing of exposure might influence the associations, but small effect sizes require careful interpretations. The association between infection and ADHD should be estimated using discordant siblings or other negative control designs that give better adjustment for unmeasured familial confounding.
Implications of the uncertainty of postoperative functional parameters for the preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer Maximilian C. M. , Tokunaga Kunihiko , Okamoto Masashi , Habor Juliana , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe functional parameters pelvic tilt (PT) and hip joint force (HJF) are required to calculate patient‐specific target zones based on the range of motion (ROM) and implant loading for preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Both functional parameters may change after THA. The preoperative prediction of the postoperative PT and HJF is associated with a specific amount of uncertainty. The prediction uncertainty has to be considered in the preoperative planning process to avoid a suboptimal implantation. So far, very little attention has been paid to the necessary reduction of patient‐specific target zones by the prediction uncertainties of postoperative functional parameters. Prediction models for the postoperative PT in standing position and for the HJF during one‐leg stance as a surrogate for the peak force phase during level walking were used to quantify the reduction of the ROM‐ and load‐based target zones of 196 Japanese THA patients. The prediction uncertainty was about 14° for the postoperative standing PT and ranged from 17% body weight to 37% body weight for the components of the HJF. On average, the prosthetic ROM‐based target zone had to be significantly reduced by 43% and the load‐based target zone by 39%. This led to a median reduction of the combined prosthetic ROM‐ and load‐based target zone of 96%. The study sharpens the awareness for the substantial reduction of ROM‐ and load‐based target zones by prediction uncertainties of the postoperative PT and HJF and highlights the importance of further research to improve prediction models for both functional parameters.
Orchestrated delivery of PTH [1–34] followed by zoledronic acid prevents radiotherapy‐induced bone loss but does not abrogate marrow damage
Authors: Sweeney‐Ambros Ashley R. , Biggs Amy E. , Zimmerman Nicholas D. , Mann Kenneth A. , Damron Timothy A. , Oest Megan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPostradiotherapy bone fragility fractures are a frequent late‐onset complication in cancer survivors. There is a critical need to develop preventative interventions, and the use of Food and Drug Administration‐approved drugs remains an attractive option. Prior data from our lab and others have shown that parathyroid hormone [1–34] mitigates radiotherapy‐induced bone loss, but only for the duration of drug delivery. Utilizing a murine hindlimb radiotherapy model, we investigated whether orchestrated delivery of single‐dose zoledronic acid could extend these anabolic benefits after cessation of parathyroid hormone delivery. We then explored the potential use of parathyroid hormone as a bone marrow radioprotectant. While the addition of zoledronic acid to parathyroid hormone increased irradiated bone mass, there was no increase in femur bending strength. In this model, the parathyroid hormone was not effective as a marrow radioprotectant, although this could be due to the short course of parathyroid hormone treatment. Marrow repopulation kinetics differed from those in total body irradiation, with hematopoietic stem cell repopulation occurring relatively early at four weeks postirradiation. Furthermore, we found radiation induced a loss of marrow stromal cells and an increase in inflammatory monocytes. Statement of Clinical Significance: Staged delivery of parathyroid hormone and zoledronic acid shows promise as an off‐the‐shelf intervention to mitigate post‐radiotherapy bone damage in cancer patients, but parathyroid hormone is unlikely to function as a broad‐spectrum marrow radioprotectant.
A LUCAS‐based mid‐infrared soil spectral library: Its usefulness for soil survey and precision agriculture#
Authors: Leenen Matthias , Pätzold Stefan , Tóth Gergely , Welp Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is commonly recognized as a rapid and high throughput measurement technology for numerous soil properties, given that appropriate prediction models are calibrated. Soil spectral libraries (SSL) may reduce effort and costs for MIRS practical application.AimsTo calibrate MIR‐SSL‐based prediction models for soil properties and to test their applicability to independent sample sets at regional scale (e.g., for soil survey) and at field scale (i.e., for precision agriculture, PA).MethodsSpectra of 1013 arable topsoil samples of the European Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey 2009 (LUCAS) from Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Germany formed the basis for the MIR‐SSL. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) via partial least squares regression served to calibrate (1) generic prediction models including all samples, and (2) stratified models for different parent materials. Test‐set validation (TSV) was conducted on samples from independent campaigns at (1) regional scale with a sample set from Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany; n = 385) and (2) field scale for four individual fields in Germany (n = 513).ResultsGeneric LOOCV models successfully predicted soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, sand, silt, clay, carbonate, and pH. Calibration for available nutrients failed. The TSV was successful for the regional sample set for all variables (2.5 ≤ RPIQ ≤ 5.9), except for carbonate (RPIQ = 0). At field scale, the validation was highly variable for different sites and parameters. Stratified models using soil parent material as auxiliary variable improved only occasionally the applicability at field scale, that is, on single fields and only for clay and carbonate.ConclusionsAlthough the MIR‐SSL in its present state cannot be recommended for nutrient management, it provides valuable support for soil survey and PA.
A fast and low‐cost approach for the discrimination of commercial aged cachaças using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate classification
Authors: Silveira Amanda Lemes , Barbeira Paulo Jorge Sanches 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCachaça is the distilled beverage typical of Brazil and can be subjected to the aging process in wooden barrels. In addition to oak barrels, cachaça is also aged in barrels of different Brazilian native woods, resulting in a wide variety of its sensory characteristics. In this work, 172 cachaças aged in bálsamo, jequitibá, oak, and umburana barrels were analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and by the classification methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Spectra were preprocessed by the first derivative by Savitzky–Golay smoothing, using a filter width and polynomial order determined through face‐centered central composite designs. Multivariate analysis was realized using the spectra recorded at different wavelength differences, and models were compared by the classification errors in the test sets.RESULTSThe principal component analysis applied to the synchronous fluorescence spectra presented a tendency of separation by the wood used in the aging process, and the partial least squares discriminant analysis model constructed using the fluorescence spectra recorded at a wavelength difference of 30 nm provided better performance parameters (efficiency 91–97%, sensitivity 81–100%, and specificity 91–100%).CONCLUSIONSynchronous fluorescence spectroscopy offers a promising approach for the classification of cachaças aged in bálsamo, oak, jequitibá, and umburana barrels, and the discriminant model can be used for routine analysis as a screening method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.