bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances and trends in ecological organic agriculture (EOA) technologies and research on fruit vegetables produced in Tanzania
Authors: Shango Abdul J. , Maswi Philip B. , Malya Rashid B. , Maro Janet F. , Mwaipopo Rehema E. , Majubwa Ramadhani O. , Kilewa Ramadhan A. , Philipo Mashamba L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ecological organic agriculture (EOA) is a holistic production management system that can solve many problems in the vegetable crops’ value chain (VC). It is, however, unclear about the EOA technologies for the fruit vegetable VC that have already been validated or are in process of validation in Tanzania. A systematic literature search on EOA technologies relevant in Tanzania was conducted for research articles from 2010 until 2021. Most 10(30.4%) studies on fruit vegetables were equally distributed each 5(15.2%) in the years 2019 and 2020, respectively. A total of 33 records on fruit vegetables covered eight (8) regions of mainland Tanzania and one (1) region from the island of Zanzibar. Most 18(55%) studies were conducted in the Morogoro region. Based on the fruit vegetable VC, 26(68.4%) studies were for field establishment and management. Nine (9) key areas were identified, where most 9(27.3%) studies were on crop productivity and protection. Seventeen (17) EOA technologies were applied in fruit vegetables, mostly biocontrol 7(21%) in tomatoes. Overall, 27(81.8%) studies only researched the EOA technologies, while 3(9.1%) studies validated the EOA technologies, 2(6.1%) researches were in progress, and 1(3.0%) was progressing validation. Few 3(9.1%) studies portrayed the involvement of youth and women using the principles of participatory action research (PAR) during the validation. Generally, the EOA technologies are readily available, require minimal skills and labour, are cost-effective, sustainable, easily implementable in the fruit vegetable VC and can be simply accessed and utilized in cultivating organic fruit vegetables.
Physiology and genetics of heat stress in cattle
Authors: McManus C.M. , Faria D.A. , de Bem A. , Maranhão A.Q. , Paiva S.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, hematological, and hormonal alterations that influence the maintenance of homeothermy and can affect production and productivity in cattle. An understanding of pathways leading to resistance/tolerance in cattle is necessary, so that the impact of these changes can be mitigated. Particularly, heat stress (HS) has complex effects on the physiology and genetics of production characteristics in animals, thereby making the use of genomic information to select thermotolerant animals difficult. This review looks at physical, physiological, molecular, and genetic aspects of heat tolerance in cattle and the interrelationship between them.
Tail docking in dogs: behavioural, physiological and ethical aspects
Authors: Reyes-Sotelo Brenda , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Gómez Jocelyn , Lezama Karina , González-Lozano Miguel , Hernández-Ávalos Ismael , Casas Alejandro , Herrera Yuridia , Mora-Medina Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTail docking has been practiced on dogs for many years for various reasons, including aesthetics, breeding standards and hygiene, to facilitate reproductive handling in some dog breeds, breeders’ decisions and tradition, or to prevent lesions during play or work, to name a few. Little research, however, has been done to demonstrate whether this practice causes acute pain in animals, even though it is now well known that animals, including dogs, are highly sensitive to both positive and negative stimuli. Currently, we have a broad range of methods for measuring pain that utilise diverse parameters (physiological, behavioural and metabolic), and techniques that include evaluating changes in behaviour and facial expressions, monitoring opioid and dopaminergic neurotransmission, measuring glucocorticoid levels, changes in blood hormone and lactate concentrations, the dynamics of cardiac and respiratory frequency, pupil diameter and variations in blood pressure. Many countries have banned this practice because it is deemed unnecessary, unjustifiable under any circumstances and harmful for animal welfare. The objective of the present review is to demonstrate that tail docking is a painful and unnecessary practice that presents more complications than benefits in dogs.
Digital image processing and spectral data source in seed analysis
Authors: Oliveira Schneider Bruno , Carvalho Alves Marcelo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Image processing is currently gaining lots of attention at seed quality labs as well as grain quality labs for being nondestructive, faster, and more objective than traditional seed or grain analysis methods. While seed analysts focus on quality parameters that will ensure vigorous plants, grain analysts focus on parameters related to safety or grading of the grain using roughly the same methods. We observed that few techniques on image processing have been used and that image data source roughly shapes research work done. The main data sources are visible light, hyperspectral imaging in the infrared section, and X-ray. Laser speckle is not so common but was also included. We have also noted that ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance are also used for analysis, but these data sources were left out because of little work found.
Red rot of sugarcane (Colletotrichum falcatumWent)
Authors: Viswanathan Rasappa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRed rot of sugarcane was recorded more than 100 years before in Java, India, Argentina, USA and other countries, and it is one of the most devastating diseases of sugarcane. Since the cultivated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) has failed across the countries, systematic inter-specific hybridization betweenS. officinarumand the wild speciesS. spontaneumreferred as ‘nobilization’ was done to develop resistant varieties and the disease was managed in most of the countries. However, in the countries especially in Asia, varietal breakdown to red rot caused severe epiphytotics, by which the resistant varieties failed in the field at regular intervals. New pathogenic strains ofColletotrichum falcatumwith higher virulence were found responsible for varietal breakdown in sugarcane. Extensive cultivation of a single variety over large areas led to extensive crop damages due to ‘vertifolia’ effect in different decades in India. The current epiphytotic on the ruling variety Co 0238 has caused loss of more than one billion US dollars in the current season in the country. Detailed studies were done on pathogenic variation, epidemiology, screening methods, disease resistance mechanism, identifying effectors, pathogenicity determinants, antifungal genes and transgenics. Recently, complete genome and transcriptomes ofC. falcatumwere sequenced and pathogenicity hot spots and candidate secreted effector proteins were identified and this will further help to identify the candidate genes for further genetic manipulation. In spite of poor understanding on inheritance of resistance toC. falcatumin sugarcane, new varieties with red rot resistance were developed and deployed after each of the epiphytotic to save the crop. Further, other management practices including bioagents, chemicals and inducers were attempted and improved efficacy by mechanized sett treatment showed promising results to manage the disease under field conditions.
PPE for pesticide operators and reentry workers: achievements in France through national and international collaborations
Authors: Shaw Anugrah , Briand Olivier , Urtizberea Michel , Durand-Réville Julien , Bois-Marchand Clotilde 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant protection products (PPP) are regulated products that require authorization in the country where they are sold. Operator and reentry worker safety when handling pesticides is one of the safety considerations that must be addressed as part of the registration process. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the options for reducing operator and reentry worker exposure. Quality, comfort, cost, and availability are common constraints in the use of PPE that need to be addressed for it to be used effectively to mitigate risk. This requires stakeholders from the PPP and PPE sectors working together; it cannot be accomplished by any one group or entity alone. This process, which begins with compliance with regulations and ends with the possibility of the farmer/operator/reentry worker to protect themselves, requires a concerted effort. This article shows how international standards and expertise, as well as coordination of PPP and PPE stakeholders in France, resulted in the development and implementation of risk-based PPE requirements, which are acceptable to farmer/operator/reentry worker. The French example could be used by other countries that are governed by EU regulations. Additionally, the development of consistent labels and partnerships to promote clear consistent message has broader implications.
Theory and experiments for disordered elastic manifolds, depinning, avalanches, and sandpiles
Authors: Wiese Kay Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Domain walls in magnets, vortex lattices in superconductors, contact lines at depinning, and many other systems can be modeled as an elastic system subject to quenched disorder. The ensuing field theory possesses a well-controlled perturbative expansion around its upper critical dimension. Contrary to standard field theory, the renormalization group (RG) flow involves a function, the disorder correlator Δ(w), and is therefore termed the functional RG. Δ(w) is a physical observable, the auto-correlation function of the center of mass of the elastic manifold. In this review, we give a pedagogical introduction into its phenomenology and techniques. This allows us to treat both equilibrium (statics), and depinning (dynamics). Building on these techniques, avalanche observables are accessible: distributions of size, duration, and velocity, as well as the spatial and temporal shape. Various equivalences between disordered elastic manifolds, and sandpile models exist: an elastic string driven at a point and the Oslo model; disordered elastic manifolds and Manna sandpiles; charge density waves and Abelian sandpiles or loop-erased random walks. Each of the mappings between these systems requires specific techniques, which we develop, including modeling of discrete stochastic systems via coarse-grained stochastic equations of motion, super-symmetry techniques, and cellular automata. Stronger than quadratic nearest-neighbor interactions lead to directed percolation, and non-linear surface growth with additional Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) terms. On the other hand, KPZ without disorder can be mapped back to disordered elastic manifolds, either on the directed polymer for its steady state, or a single particle for its decay. Other topics covered are the relation between functional RG and replica symmetry breaking, and random-field magnets. Emphasis is given to numerical and experimental tests of the theory.
First-principles insights into the spin-valley physics of strained transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers
Authors: Faria Junior Paulo E , Zollner Klaus , Woźniak Tomasz , Kurpas Marcin , Gmitra Martin , Fabian Jaroslav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are ideal candidates to explore the manifestation of spin-valley physics under external stimuli. In this study, we investigate the influence of strain on the spin and orbital angular momenta, effective g-factors, and Berry curvatures of several monolayer TMDCs (Mo and W based) using a full ab initio approach. At the K-valleys, we find a surprising decrease of the conduction band spin expectation value for compressive strain, consequently increasing the dipole strength of the dark exciton by more than one order of magnitude (for

∼
1
%
–
2
%

strain variation). We also predict the behavior of direct excitons g-factors under strain: tensile (compressive) strain increases (decreases) the absolute value of g-factors. Strain variations of ∼1% modify the bright (A and B) excitons g-factors by ∼0.3 (0.2) for W (Mo) based compounds and the dark exciton g-factors by ∼0.5 (0.3) for W (Mo) compounds. Our predictions could be directly visualized in magneto-optical experiments in strained samples at low temperature. Additionally, our calculations strongly suggest that strain effects are one of the possible causes of g-factor fluctuations observed experimentally. By comparing the different TMDC compounds, we reveal the role of spin–orbit coupling (SOC): the stronger the SOC, the more sensitive are the spin-valley features under applied strain. Consequently, monolayer WSe2 is a formidable candidate to explore the role of strain on the spin-valley physics. We complete our analysis by considering the side valleys, Γ and Q points, and by investigating the influence of strain in the Berry curvature. In the broader context of valley- and strain-tronics, our study provides fundamental microscopic insights into the role of strain in the spin-valley physics of TMDCs, which are relevant to interpret experimental data in monolayer TMDCs as well as TMDC-based van der Waals heterostructures.
Modified gravitational wave propagation with higher modes and its degeneracies with lensing
Authors: Ezquiaga Jose Maria , Hu Wayne , Lagos Macarena , Lin Meng-Xiang , Xu Fei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow-energy alternatives to General Relativity (GR) generically modify the phase of gravitational waves (GWs) during their propagation. As detector sensitivities increase, it becomes key to understand how these modifications affect the GW higher modes and to disentangle possible degeneracies with astrophysical phenomena. We apply a general formalism — the WKB approach — for solving analytically wave propagation in the spatial domain with a modified dispersion relation (MDR). We compare this WKB approach to applying a stationary phase approximation (SPA) in the temporal domain with time delays associated to the group or particle velocity. To this end, we extend the SPA to generic signals with higher modes, keeping careful track of reference phases and arrival times. We find that the WKB approach coincides with the SPA using the group velocity, in agreement with the principles of wave propagation. We then explore the degeneracies between a GW propagation with an MDR and a strongly-lensed GW in GR, since the latter can introduce a frequency-independent phase shift which is not degenerate with source parameters in the presence of higher modes. We find that for a particular MDR there is an exact degeneracy for wave propagation, unlike with the SPA for particle propagation. For the other cases, we search for the values of the MDR parameters that minimize the χ2and conclude that strongly-lensed GR GWs could be misinterpreted as GWs in modified gravity. Future MDR constraints with higher mode GWs should include the possibility of frequency-independent phase shifts, allowing for the identification of modified gravity and strong lensing distortions at the same time.
Interstellar Extinction and Polarization of Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 6709
Authors: Topasna G. A. , Gibson S. D. , Kaltcheva N. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present BVRI polarimetric measurements of 23 stars in the direction of the open cluster NGC 6709. Fifteen stars display wavelength-dependence of polarization which is typically due to selective extinction in the interstellar medium and could be fitted to the Serkwoski equation. Based on these stars, we obtained an average maximum degree of polarization of 0.722 ± 0.022% and an average wavelength at a maximum polarization of 0.615 ± 0.011 μm. The observed low polarization may be due to the alignment of grains along a more longitudinally-directed magnetic field in this region which would cause the aspect ratio of the grains to be reduced. This would have the observational consequence of decreased polarization as well as shifting

λ

max

toward longer wavelengths. Using the expression proposed by Whittet & van Breda we calculated the ratio of total-to-selective extinction as

R

V

=
(
5.6
±
0.3
)

λ

max

=
3.44
±
0.06

, higher than the nominal value of 3.1 for the general ISM. The remaining eight sample stars display an unusual wavelength-dependence that is similar to some Be stars. However, there are only two Be stars currently listed in this cluster, yet, based on our data, they both present reliable fits within the Serkowski equation. The overall alignment of the V-band polarization vectors implies polarization by selective extinction due to foreground dust. Using the Planck 353 GHz channel we find there is an agreement between polarization by emission and selective extinction. Since the optical polarization traces a magnetic field, this suggests that the magnetic field in this region is inclined to the Galactic plane, with an overall average Galactic position angle of 104 ± 12 (st. dev.) degrees.
Sensitivity analysis of Johnson-Cook material constants and friction coefficient to the surface residual maximum principal stress in turning Inconel 718 simulations
Authors: Peng Huachen , Tang Wencheng , Zhou Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The residual maximum principal stress on the surface of components affects the service life and corrosion resistance of parts. The current study focuses on the sensitivities of the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive constants and the friction coefficient to the surface residual maximum principal stress during turning Inconel 718 with low-level and high-level cutting parameters. Two sets of three-dimensional (3D) turning simulations and experiments are carried out under low-level and high-level cutting parameters to verify the credibility of the simulation parameter settings. Then, the above sensitivities are analyzed based on eighteen sets of 3D turning simulations designed by the Taguchi approach. When the cutting parameters are low-level, the strain hardening coefficient B is highly sensitive to the residual maximum principal stress. Besides, under high-level cutting parameters, the strain hardening coefficient B, the strain hardening index n and the thermal softening coefficient m have high sensitivities, in which the thermal softening coefficient m is the most sensitive, followed by the strain hardening coefficient B. The present work provides a direction for studying the influence of surface residual maximum principal stress on the service life of components by adjusting the JC constitutive constants and the friction coefficient.
Statistical method of pore size distribution of disordered mesoporous materials based on electron microscope imaging
Authors: Mao Tan , Su Qiang , Cheng Youliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mesoporous materials can efficiently treat harmful substances in wastewater by virtue of the pore structure with a high specific surface area. Currently, the characterization of the pore structure of mesoporous materials is generally obtained by physical experiments. However, due to the limitation of experimental conditions, repeated measurement experiments will waste a lot of time and may damage the pore structure. In addition, for disordered mesoporous materials with a large pore size span and irregular pore positions, it is difficult to accurately analyze the pore size distribution law with the human eye observation through electron microscope images. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a method to rapidly calculate the pore size distribution of materials based on SEM imaging. Firstly, the image is preprocessed. Secondly, the pore distribution information is obtained by the filling ball method, and finally the probability density curve of the pore size distribution is obtained according to the statistical method. The results show that the pore size probability density curve obtained by this method is very similar to the actual pore size distribution curve and the error is less than 11%. The proposed method provides a new direction for the analysis of disordered mesoporous materials.
Effect of nonmagnetic substrate layer island growth on the magnetism of Ag/Fe/Ag thin films
Authors: Yongguo Wang , Zhijun Wang , Qin Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Ag/Fe/Ag thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates at room temperature, and the effect of coverage layer on the magnetism of Ag/Fe/Ag thin films were investigated. The results of VSM show that sample coercivity is much higher in the direction vertical to the film surface than in the direction parallel with the surface, and the structural analyses indicate that the distribution of the sample particles is more uniform. The reasons for the high coercivity were discussed, and this study attributed the changes of coercivity mainly to the sample shape anisotropy.
Study of fullerenes C126 and C156 with seven heptagon rings
Authors: Sánchez-Bernabe Francisco J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider fullerenes C126 and C156, both of them with seven heptagon rings. The first of them is C126 with 19 pentagons, and 39 hexagons. It is also considered C156 with 19 pentagons, and 54 hexagons. From previous work, a couple of fullerenes, C130 and C134, are mentioned for comparative reasons. These two fullerenes also contain seven heptagon rings. Fullerene C130 is constituted of 19 pentagons, and 41 hexagons. On the other hand, fullerene C134 has 19 pentagons, and 43 hexagons. Therefore, the four fullerenes considered, with seven heptagon rings, also share the property that, the number of pentagons in each of them, is 19. This fact is a consequence of a couple of equations that relates the number of pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons contained in a fullerene. Classical fullerenes contain only pentagons and hexagons, and the more familiar example is C60 with 20 hexagons, and 12 pentagons. Actually, all classical fullerenes have 12 pentagons, regardless of how many hexagons are involved. Besides this type of molecules, there exists nonclassical fullerenes, where another type of ring is presented, like squares, or heptagons. In this paper, fullerenes with 126, 130, 134, and 156 carbons are considered, with seven heptagons, and as a consequence, all them contain 19 pentagons, and they have 39, 41, 43, and 54 hexagons, respectively. Future work would focus on finding fullerenes with a different number of carbons, and hexagons, but with 7 heptagons, and 19 pentagons. Thus, fullerene C128 of this type, should contain 40 hexagons.
The Relationship of the Polymer Molecular Structure and the Dynamic Mechanical Property Under High Pressure
Authors: Wang Wenfei , Cheng Wei , Lin Guoxing , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dynamic mechanical properties of the viscoelastic polymer materials are usually considered to be the key parameters for the vibration damping or acoustic materials. The relationship between the molecular structures of the random copolymer butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) obtained through the anionic polymerization method and their dynamic mechanical parameters under high pressure is studied to explore the energy loss mechanism of the polymer materials applied in the special conditions such as high pressure. The dynamic mechanical parameters were tested though experimental methods with pressure chambers, which can supply high pressure to the polymer samples. The results show that the most important effect factor of the molecular structure is the ratio of the content of the stiffer segments composed of styrene in the SSBR molecular chain to the softer ones composed of 1, 4-butadiene. This can be attributed to the stiffer segments supplying bigger free volumes for the molecular motion and higher modulus to resist to the high pressure, and the softer segments endue the effective energy loss ability to the polymer chains. However, the mass ratio of the stiffer and softer segments should be in an appropriate range, which the content of the styrene must be less than 40%.