bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of support for social integration in South Africa: The roles of race relations, social distrust, and racial identification
Authors: Olonisakin Tosin Tunrayo , Idemudia Erhabor Sunday 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSouth Africa is divided along race lines and this has made social integration difficult to achieve in the nation. The aspiration for the rainbow nation since the end of apartheid has been a country united in its diversity. Research evidence shows that interracial trust and interaction are still very low in the nation. This study set out to examine the determinants of support for social integration in South Africa. The variables of perceived improvement in race relations, social distrust, and racial identification were examined. Data were sourced from the South African Social Attitudes Survey 2017. Participants were 2,946 men (38.9%) and women (61.1%) with the age range of 16 to 99 years. Data analysis showed that perceived improvement in race relations, social distrust, and racial identification were all associated with increased support for social integration. However, a low level of social distrust provides the best outcome for support for social integration. Equally, identifying with one's racial group is likely to be beneficial for increasing social contact between groups. Findings were discussed based on the peculiarity of South African society and existing literature. The implication of the findings for policies and programmes to facilitate social contact and social cohesion was emphasised. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Effect of rice bran with extrusion cooking on quality and starch retrogradation of fresh brown rice noodles during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Hong , Tan Bin , Wang Lei‐Xin , Zhai Xiao‐Tong , Jiang Ping , Qiao Cong‐Cong , Wu Na‐Na 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs whole grain foods, fresh brown rice noodles have unique advantages in taste, nutrition, and health. However, the quality of fresh brown rice noodles is poor and the shelf life is short because of the rice bran. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rice bran with extrusion cooking on the quality and starch retrogradation of fresh brown rice noodles during storage at –18°C, 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C.FindingsIn this study, fresh brown rice noodles prepared from rice bran with extrusion cooking (FBRN‐ERB) were prepared to improve storage quality compared to fresh brown rice noodles with unextruded rice bran (FBRN) (data of FBRN were shown in our previous study). The pH, hardness, iodine blue value, moisture content and migration, and starch retrogradation of FBRN‐ERB were studied. The rice bran with extrusion cooking prevented the decrease of pH and moisture content, decreased the iodine blue value and cooking loss rate, and enhanced the percentage of free and weakly bound water of fresh brown rice noodles during storage processes at –18°C, 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C. The microstructure of FBRN‐ERB exhibited a complete and regular porous structure. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed that the starch retrogradation of FBRN‐ERB was inhibited or delayed during storage at different temperatures, especially storage at 4°C.ConclusionsThe results showed that the storage quality of fresh brown rice noodles prepared from rice bran with extrusion cooking could be enhanced, and the starch retrogradation of FBRN‐ERB during storage was inhibited, which was beneficial for the quality improvement of FBRN‐ERB during storage at different temperatures.Significance and NoveltyThe rice bran with extrusion cooking is very helpful for enhancing the storage quality of fresh brown rice noodles, and this may be useful for the development and consumption of fresh brown rice noodles as functional food products.
Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductors by Thermal Decomposition of Organosulfur and Organoselenium Compounds
Authors: Obata Keisuke , Higashi Tomohiro , Hasegawa Motoki , Katayama Masao , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal chalcogenides – because of their excellent optical and electrical properties – are important semiconductor materials for optical devices, such as solar cells, sensors, and photocatalysts. The challenges associated with metal chalcogenides are the complexity of the conventional synthesis methods and the stringent synthesis conditions. In this study, the synthesis conditions were simplified in a solvent‐free synthesis method using cadmium precursor, thiourea and selenium to synthesize metal chalcogenides, such as CdS and CdSe, which have particularly suitable band gaps for the optical devices. CdSxSe1‐x solid solution was successfully synthesized under molten thiourea as the reactive reaction medium at relatively low temperatures, even at 180 °C, with residual melamine derivatives in the solid phase. The luminescence properties of CdSxSe1‐x and the products in the gas and solid phases were investigated. Optimization of the synthesis conditions for solid solutions of CdSxSe1‐x and the role of organic compounds in the formation of metal chalcogenides are discussed.
Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
Authors: Ramli Nur Amalina , Adam Fatmawati , Mohd Amin Khairatun Najwa , Nor Adibi M. , Ries Michael E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe inherent source of gelatin used for commercial hard capsules causes a surging demand for vegetarian capsules. In this work, carrageenan is utilized in preparing hard capsules to meet consumer preferences. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated as a reinforcing agent to improve the low mechanical properties of hard capsules made of carrageenan. The HPMC concentration was manipulated from 0.2 to 1.0 w/v% in the carrageenan matrix. The increasing concentration of HPMC exerts significant effects on the tensile strength and elongation at break, with an improvement of 59.1% and 46.9%, respectively, at the optimized HPMC concentration of 0.8 w/v%. The loop strength of the capsule is also increased by 56.4% with decreasing moisture content. The downfield movement from around 3.20 ppm of the carrageenan proton to 3.33 ppm in the proton nuclear magnetic resonanance ( 1H‐NMR) spectrum suggests the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carrageenan and HPMC, which correlates to the results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential. The glass transition temperature of the film was increased from 37.8 to 65.3°C, showing an upgrade in thermal stability. The film possesses a major mass loss with an activation energy of 64.7 kJ/mol with an increment of 43.4% compared to the control carrageenan. These findings support the conclusion that HPMC enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the carrageenan film, and the comprehensive analysis of the molecular interaction and decomposition kinetics subsequently may expand the application fields of the carrageenan‐HPMC hard capsule as an alternative to gelatin in the future.
An efficient enhanced prefix hash tree model for optimizing the storage and image deduplication in cloud
Authors: Sujatha G , Jeberson Retnaraj R 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe popularity of the cloud storage space mainly attracted organizations to store their data in them. Therefore, the avoidance of duplicate data contents is unavoidable and several users share the cloud storage space for data storage, and sometimes this makes higher storage space utilization. Because of the extremely high duplicate copy, memory wastage arises in the case of multimedia data. Identifying the final duplicate copies in the cloud takes more time. To overcome this problem, we employ a significant storage optimization model for deduplication. The digital data hash value is stored by requiring an additional memory space. This study proposed an enhanced prefix hash tree (EPHT) method to optimize the image and text deduplication system to reduce the overhead caused by this procedure. The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with the interpolation search technique using different levels of tree height (2, 4, 2, 8, 16) in terms of space and time complexity. The proposed EPHT technique shows improvements in terms of speed and space complexity when the number of levels in the EPHT increases.
Performance and power modeling and prediction using MuMMI and 10 machine learning methods
Authors: Wu Xingfu , Taylor Valerie , Lan Zhiling 
Published: August 2022

SummaryEnergy‐efficient scientific applications require insight into how high performance computing system features impact the applications' power and performance. This insight can result from the development of performance and power models. In this article, we use the modeling and prediction tool MuMMI (Multiple Metrics Modeling Infrastructure) and 10 machine learning methods to model and predict performance and power consumption and compare their prediction error rates. We use an algorithm‐based fault‐tolerant linear algebra code and a multilevel checkpointing fault‐tolerant heat distribution code to conduct our modeling and prediction study on the Cray XC40 Theta and IBM BG/Q Mira at Argonne National Laboratory and the Intel Haswell cluster Shepard at Sandia National Laboratories. Our experimental results show that the prediction error rates in performance and power using MuMMI are less than 10% for most cases. By utilizing the models for runtime, node power, CPU power, and memory power, we identify the most significant performance counters for potential application optimizations, and we predict theoretical outcomes of the optimizations. Based on two collected datasets, we analyze and compare the prediction accuracy in performance and power consumption using MuMMI and 10 machine learning methods.
High doses of zoledronic acid induce differential effects on femur and jawbone microstructure
Authors: Soares Mariana Q. S. , Van Dessel Jeroen , Jacobs Reinhilde , Ferreira Gustavo Z. , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio , Nicolielo Laura F. P. , Duarte Marco A. H. , Rubira‐Bullen Izabel R. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the long‐term effects on jaw and femur bone induced by oncologic doses of zoledronic acid in a young rat model.Material and MethodsSix 12‐week‐old male Wistar rats received zoledronic acid (0.6 mg/kg) and six control rats received saline solution in the same volume. Compounds were administered intraperitoneally in five doses every 28 days. Euthanasia was performed 150 days after therapy onset. After animal sacrifice, their mandibles and femurs were scanned ex vivo using a high‐resolution (14 μm) micro‐computed tomography. Morphometric bone parameters were calculated using CT‐Analyzer (Bruker, Belgium) between the first and second mandibular molars and in the distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis.ResultsThe treatment group as compared to the controls showed a significantly (p < .05) increased bone quantity (↑BV/TV, ↓Po[Tot], ↑Tb.Th), bone density (↑TMD, ↑BMD), and osteosclerosis of the trabecular bone (↓Tb.Sp, ↓Conn.Dn, ↓Tb.Pf, ↓SMI) in all anatomical sites. Bone remodeling suppression due to zoledronic acid treatment was more pronounced (p < .05) in the femoral metaphysis relative to the mandible and epiphysis. The exploratory linear discriminant analysis showed that for the mandible, it was mainly the bone quantity‐related morphometric indices (BV/TV and Tb.Th), while for the femoral epiphysis and metaphysis, it was bone structure‐related (Tb.Pf and Tb.N), which are of primary importance to study the treatment effect.ConclusionHigh doses of bisphosphonates can differently affect the bone quantity, density, and structure in long bones and jawbones. In the metaphysis, bone changes were primarily concentrated in the region of the growth plate. Future studies may consider the use of bone morphometric indices to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonates.
A novel pilot animal model for bone augmentation using osseous shell technique for preclinical in vivo studies
Authors: Kamal Mohammad , Al‐Obaidly Sara , Lethaus Bernd , Bartella Alexander K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesBone grafting is commonly used to reconstruct skeletal defects in the craniofacial region. Several bone augmentation models have been developed to evaluate bone formation using novel bone substitute materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate a surgical animal model for establishing a three‐dimensional (3D) grafting environment in the animal's mandibular ramus for bone augmentation using the osseous shell technique, as in humans.Materials and MethodsOsteological survey of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit skull (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Initial osteological and imaging surveys were performed on a postmortem skull for a feasibility assessment of the surgical procedure. Postmortem pilot surgery and cone beam computed tomography imaging: a 3D osseous defect was created in the mandibular ramus through a submandibular incision. The osseous shell plates were stabilized with osteosynthesis fixation screws, and defects were filled with particular bone grafting material. In vivo surgical procedure: surgeries were conducted in four 8‐week‐old NZW rabbits utilizing two osseous shell materials: xenogeneic human cortical plates and autogenous rabbit cortical plates. The created 3D defects were filled using xenograft and allograft bone grafting materials. The healed defects were evaluated for bone formation after 12 weeks using histological and cone beam computed tomography imaging analysis.ResultsClinical analysis 12 weeks after surgery revealed the stability of the 3D grafted bone augmentation defects using the osseous shell technique. Imaging and histological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of this model in assessing bone formation.ConclusionsThe proposed animal model is a promising model with the potential to study various bone grafting materials for augmentation in the mandibular ramus using the osseous shell technique without compromising the health of the animal. The filled defects could be analyzed for osteogenesis, quantification of bone formation, and healing potential using histomorphometric analysis, in addition to 3D morphologic evaluation using radiation imaging.
The prevalence and correlates of bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and anorexia nervosa: The Saudi National Mental Health Survey
Authors: AlHadi Ahmad N. , Almeharish Amani , Bilal Lisa , Al‐Habeeb Abdulhameed , Al‐Subaie Abdullah , Naseem Mohammad Talal , Altwaijri Yasmin A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveLimited studies have been conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on eating disorders (EDs). This study presents national epidemiological survey data on the prevalence and correlates of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge‐eating disorder (BED) and their association with other mental health disorders, impairment in role functioning, and individual help‐seeking behaviors in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS).MethodA face‐to‐face survey was conducted in a nationally representative household sample of Saudi citizens aged 15–65 (n = 4004). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) was used to produce estimates of lifetime and 12‐month prevalence and treatment of common DSM‐IV mental disorders.ResultsTwelve‐month prevalence of any of the three EDs was 3.2%; the overall lifetime prevalence was 6.1%. Education and marital status were significantly associated with both 12‐month and lifetime EDs prevalence. Significant mental health comorbidities associated with 12‐month EDs were anxiety, mood, and impulse‐control disorders, while lifetime EDs were significantly related to all disorders. A similar percentage of respondents that reported having ED‐related treatment at some point in their lifetime utilized healthcare and nonhealthcare sector. There was a significant relationship between body mass index category, and lifetime BED and BN.DiscussionThe 12‐month prevalence of EDs in the Saudi population was higher than the EDs rates reported worldwide. These findings can help healthcare experts, and policymakers in the implementation of initiatives for raising awareness of EDs among the Saudi population, and the development of a country‐wide plan for the prevention of EDs.Public Significance StatementThe study presents data on the prevalence, correlates, and help‐seeking behaviors of AN, BN, and BED, in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS). Obtaining information on this underrepresented region is essential due to the large differences in cross‐national data in addition to cultural beliefs about mental illness and treatment seeking to exert an important influence on eating disorders. Such knowledge could provide a better understand of mechanisms underlying the development of eating disorders and thereby improve prediction, prevention, and treatment.
Coexistence is stabilized by conspecific negative density dependence via fungal pathogens more than oomycete pathogens
Authors: Liu Xiang , Parker Ingrid M. , Gilbert Gregory S. , Lu Yawen , Xiao Yao , Zhang Li , Huang Mengjiao , Cheng Yikang , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhou Shurong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant pathogens are often hypothesized to promote species coexistence by generating conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). However, the relative importance of fungal versus oomycete pathogens in maintaining plant species coexistence and community composition remains unresolved, despite their recognized effects on plant performance. Here, we use fungicide application to investigate how fungal versus oomycete pathogens affect plant species coexistence in an alpine meadow. We found that the severity of foliar fungal disease was density‐dependent at both intra‐ and interspecific levels. Fungal pathogen‐exclusion treatment successfully decreased the severity of foliar fungal diseases, with no detectable effects on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or on soil chemical properties. Fungal pathogens were important factors shaping CNDD across 25 coexisting plant species. Exclusion of fungal pathogens significantly reduced plant species richness and Shannon's evenness. Treatments that excluded fungal pathogens also led to significant shifts in plant community composition toward more Poaceae and Cyperaceae. These results indicate that fungal pathogens, especially those affecting aboveground plant parts, may play a larger role in maintaining species coexistence and shaping community composition than has been previously recognized.
Planning and optimization of standalone microgrid with renewable resources and energy storage
Authors: Kamal Md Mustafa , Ashraf Imtiaz , Fernandez Eugene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRenewable energy has shown to be a feasible and cost‐effective approach to electrifying rural villages while also meeting the region's long‐term development goals. Due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy supply and the need to satisfy variable demand across time, capacity planning for a sustainable energy system is problematic. Because the energy planning problem is non‐linear and non‐convex, an efficient technique must be used to build a cost‐effective energy system that supplies reliable electricity to the area. In the present work, a rural microgrid is suggested for the isolated community of the Indian hilly region. The integrated model combines existing energy resources in the area. The microgrid consists of the solar photovoltaic system, micro‐hydropower, wind energy biomass, and storage foreconomical and reliable electrification. The modeling of microgrids is based on the availability of renewable resources. Using the Differential Evolution optimization algorithm, the recommended hybrid energy model examined the per‐unit cost of energy and the overall operating cost. Based on the simulation for a year, it has been found that the optimal system has 35 kWof biomass, 30 kW of biogas, 40 kW of MHP, 144 kW of SPV, and 42 kW of the wind energy system to satisfy the energy demand of the area entirely. The per‐unit cost of energy is 0.12$/kWh, and the total operating cost is $ $2 120 700, respectively. Further, the sensitivity analysis is performed to know the impact of change in parameters on energy cost. The suggested microgrid provides a cost‐effective solution to the community.
Complex coacervation of soy protein isolate‐limited enzymatic hydrolysates and sodium alginate: Formation mechanism and its application
Authors: Xu Min , Li Jiayi , Wang Ying , Liu Jiamin , Liu Ping , Wang Qin , Che Zhenming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complex coacervation of soybean protein isolate and polysaccharide has been widely applied for preparing biopolymer materials like microcapsule. In this study, hydrolytic soy protein isolate (HSPI) was prepared by mild hydrolysis of soy protein isolate (SPI) with fungal protease 400 (F400). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) for the enzymatic products was controlled at 1%–5%. Emulsification, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability were used to evaluate the performances of HSPI with different DH. The results showed that the HSPI with the hydrolysis degree of 2% had the optimal property. Subsequently, the complex polymer of HSPI/SA was prepared by the coalescence reaction of HSPI and sodium alginate (SA). The turbidity curves manifested the optimal complex coacervation occurred at the ratio of 7:1 (HSPI:SA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) presented that the reaction involved electrostatic interactions between ‐NH3+ in HSPI and ‐COO− in SA. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments indicated that the complex coacervation reactions of HSPI and SA arose spontaneously. The microencapsulation by complex coacervation of HSPI and SA was further produced for embedding sweet orange oil. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result revealed that the microencapsulation system of HSPI/SA had a better heat resistance than that using the SPI/SA complex polymer.
Music appreciation phenotypes in patients with frontotemporal dementia: A pilot study
Authors: van ‘t Hooft Jochum J. , Fieldhouse Jay L. P. , Singleton Ellen H. , Jaschke Artur C. , Warren Jason D. , Tijms Betty M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) can present with changes in music appreciation. Research has suggested a relationship of altered music appreciation phenotypes with typical socio‐emotional changes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of music appreciation phenotypes in FTD and study the relationship with emotion recognition capacities in order to examine whether they could serve as a proxy for changes in socio‐emotional functioning.Methods/DesignBased on reported musical changes in the literature, we developed an informant‐based questionnaire to assess musical changes and a music test to assess music emotion recognition. Social cognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 faces test in a subgroup of patients (n = 23). Relationships between measures were assessed with linear regressions.ResultsWe included 47 patients (44.7% female, mean age 65.0 ± 8.4, 31 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 10 semantic dementia (SD), and six progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA)). Thirty‐six caregivers were included in the music emotion recognition test as controls. Altered music appreciation phenotypes were observed in 79% of the FTD patients. Musicophilia was present in a third of bvFTD patients, and only in up to 10% in language FTD variants. Changes in music appreciation were not associated with decreased music emotion recognition or visual emotion recognition. Compared to controls, bvFTD performed worse on the music emotion recognition task (p < 0.003), and no differences were found with SD (p = 0.06) and PNFA patients (p = 0.8).ConclusionsMusic appreciation phenotypes are highly prevalent in FTD patients. Future studies should further investigate the potential diagnostic value of changes in music processing.