bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically relevant combined effect of polygenic background, rare pathogenic germline variants, and family history on colorectal cancer incidence
Authors: Hassanin Emadeldin , Spier Isabel , Bobbili Dheeraj R. , Aldisi Rana , Klinkhammer Hannah , David Friederike , Dueñas Nuria , Hüneburg Robert , Perne Claudia , Brunet Joan , Capella Gabriel , Nöthen Markus M. , Forstner Andreas J. , Mayr Andreas , Krawitz Peter , May Patrick , Aretz Stefan , Maj Carlo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.
Methods: To assess the combined impact of the PRS and other main factors on CRC risk, 163,516 individuals from the UK Biobank were stratified as follows: 1. carriers status for germline pathogenic variants (PV) in CRC susceptibility genes (APC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), 2. low (<20%), intermediate (20-80%), or high PRS (>80%), and 3. family history (FH) of CRC. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to compare odds ratios (OR) and to compute the lifetime incidence, respectively.
Results: Depending on the PRS, the CRC lifetime incidence for non-carriers ranges between 6% and 22%, compared to 40% and 74% for carriers. A suspicious FH is associated with a further increase of the cumulative incidence reaching 26% for non-carriers and 98% for carriers. In non-carriers without FH, but high PRS, the CRC risk is doubled, whereas a low PRS even in the context of a FH results in a decreased risk. The full model including PRS, carrier status, and FH improved the area under the curve (AUC) in risk prediction (0.704).
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that CRC risks are strongly influenced by the PRS for both a sporadic and monogenic background. FH, PV, and common variants complementary contribute to CRC risk. The implementation of PRS in routine care will likely improve personalized risk stratification, which will in turn guide tailored preventive surveillance strategies in high, intermediate, and low risk groups.
Development of a highly efficient LbCas12a CRISPR system in barley with additional utility in Brassica oleracea
Authors: Lawrenson Tom , Hinchliffe Alison , Forner Macarena , Harwood Wendy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Novel versions of Cas12a, together with optimised guide architecture led to barley target genes being mutagenised in around 90% of transgenic lines. This system also functioned in Brassica oleracea.
Enabling Green Wireless Sensor Network Using SD-MAC Protocol
Authors: Fouad Yasser 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensor MAC (S-MAC) is a single-frequency contention-based sensor network protocol defined in this paper. It is built on the notion of the listen/sleep mode cycle. However, unlike the S-MAC, where the duration of the cycle is fixed, Time-out MAC (T-MAC) introduces an adaptive duty cycle in a novel way: by dynamical ending the active part of it. This saves energy by reducing the amount of time nodes spend waiting for possibly incoming messages while yet maintaining a sufficient throughput. The T-MAC protocol's new idea is to eliminate idle listening by sending all messages in variable-length bursts and sleeping in between bursts. This paper discusses the development of a new protocol. Sensor Dynamic MAC (SD-MAC) protocol overcomes negative listening in S-MAC and T-MAC which sets a node to listen and sleep state based on traffic. Where each node will turn off the radio in the sleep period to save energy and will turn the radio back on the next listen period for exchanging packets if there was traffic.
A novel system for in-situ, wave-by-wave measurements of the speed and volume of coastal overtopping.
Authors: Yelland Margaret , Brown Jennifer , Cardwell Christopher , Jones David , Pascal Robin , Pinnell Richard , Pullen Tim , Silva Eunice 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wave overtopping of sea defences poses a hazard to people and infrastructure. Rising sea levels and limited resources mean accurate prediction tools are needed to deliver cost-effective shoreline management plans. A dearth of in-situ data means that the numerical tools used for flood forecasting and coastal scheme design are based largely on data from idealised flume studies, and the resulting overtopping predictions may have orders of magnitude uncertainty. Furthermore, such studies usually only provide data on the total volume of overtopping water, and no data on the speed of the water. Here we present a novel system "WireWall" that measures the speed and volume of overtopping water on a wave-by-wave basis. We describe the successful validation of WireWall against traditional flume methods and present results from the first trial deployments at a sea wall in the UK. WireWall results are also compared with numerical predictions from widely-used industry rules (EurOtop).
Sphenophorus levis behavior: repellency to insecticide treatment and nocturnal adult activity and location pattern
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Henrique Urach , Ferreira Marcelo da Costa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sphenophorus levis is a difficult to control pest in sugarcane that causes great damage to the subterranean part of the plant. Low insect control has been a result of the pesticide application technology adopted but also because of the lack of studies regarding the pest’s behavior. This research aimed to examine the repellency of insecticides to S. levis adults and to evaluate the activity and location behavior of S. levis adults under 24 hour-observations. Repellency studies were conducted in free-choice tests providing treated soil with lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam and untreated soil as choice options to S. levis adults. Insect activity and location behavior studies were assessed by hourly observations of S. levis adults in containers with soil and sugarcane plant. Results indicated S. levis adults were not repelled nor attracted to soil treated with lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam. Additionally, insects presented nocturnal behavior with most activities (walking, digging and mating) starting at 18:00 pm until 2:00 am. An average of 20.7% of insects were out of the soil at night while the majority, 79.3%, remained inside the soil. During the day most insects, 95%, remained hidden in the soil. Exposed insects were primarily located on soil surface. According to these results, nocturnal insecticide applications may improve S. levis adult control due to greater insect activity and exposure at night.
Machine Learning application for modeling high-resolution groundwater storage variations in North China Plain
Authors: Agarwal Vibhor , Akyilmaz Orhan , Shum C K , Feng Wei , Haritashya Umesh , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
North China Plain (NCP) in China is an important agricultural region increasingly dependent on groundwater to meet the demands of water for irrigation which consequently has resulted in groundwater depletion. Quantifying spatio-temporal variations of groundwater storage (GWS) is important in NCP for monitoring groundwater depletion. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data provide the potential for quantifying regional GWS changes. However, its coarse spatial resolution and errors in disaggregation have limited the application of GRACE for localized groundwater studies, which are essential for effective groundwater management. We, therefore, implement a Random Forest (RF) Machine Learning (ML) model to establish an empirical relationship between GRACE-derived Terrestrial Water Storage variations (TWS), hydro-meteorological variables, and available in situ groundwater level data for shallow and deep aquifers. In-situ and RF modeled groundwater level variations show a high correlation during training and validation. Therefore, the modeled empirical relationship was extended to the whole of NCP to produce monthly GWS variations at 5 km resolution. This resolution is similar to previous downscaling studies. Deep aquifers show rapid GWS losses compared to shallow aquifers suggesting a relatively slow recharge process of the deep layers of the groundwater reservoirs. The methodology presented in this paper shows an effective downscaling of GRACE mass change observations for localized GWS assessment which can also be replicated in other regions.
Functional and evolutionary study of MLO gene family in the regulation of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in Brassica napus L
Authors: Liu Jie , Wu Yupo , Zhang Xiong , Gill Rafaqat Ali , Hu Ming , Bai Zetao , Zhao Chuanji , Zhang Yi , Cheng Xiaohui , Liu Yueying , Huang Junyan , Liu Lijiang , Yan Shunping , Liu Shengyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is known as one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated around the globe. However, in the humid season, it faced a severe challenge of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), a severely destructive disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is negatively impact in terms of huge reduction in yield loss and annually. Like other field crops, in Brassica napus (B. napus) SSR resistance is quantitatively controlled, and there are few studies reported the effective major genes conferring SSR disease resistance so far. Thus, there is utmost need to design the studies at whole genome level to discover the promising major genes, which can further enhance the protective shield against SSR in B. napus.
Results
Here, we used a natural population of B. napus consisting of 222 accessions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find the candidate genes conferencing the SSR resistance trait. Our results showed that a total of 2779265 SNP markers were identified, which harboring 51 candidate genes. Moreover, we found that candidate gene BnaA08g25340D (BnMLO2_2), a member of seven homolog genes of Arabidopsis Mildew Locus O 2 (MLO2), was closely associated with the SSR resistance. The natural SNP variations was predominantly identified in the promoter region of BnMLO2_2 and 3 haplotypes were found to be closely related to the differential expressions of BnMLO2_2 in the leaves of the B. napus population, which may responsible for the variations of SSR resistance observed in this population. Besides, we also noted that among seven members of MLO2, only BnMLO2_2 showed constitutive expression in the leaf tissues. In Arabidopsis, loss of function mutation in MLO2 displayed enhanced susceptibility to SSR, whereas, Arabidopsis plants overexpression of MLO2 genes showed significantly enhanced resistance to SSR disease. The mechanism underlying MLO2 in the regulation of SSR resistance was associated with the cell death. Lastly, syntenic analysis revealed 57, 23, and 28 homolog genes of 15 Arabidopsis MLOs in the genomes of B. napus, Brassica rapa (B. rapa), and Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea), respectively indicated an asymmetrical evolution between the A and C subgenomes of B. napus.
Conclusion
Present investigation revealed the roles of MLO2 gene in the regulation of SSR disease resistance. Therefore, natural variations in the promoter region of BnMLO2 gene can be utilized for improving the resistance to SSR disease in B. napus. MLO locus play antagonistic role against SSR and PM diseases.
Gut microbial GABAergic signaling imprints alveolar macrophages and pulmonary response to viral infection associated with psychological stress
Authors: Gao Yanan , Liang Zihao , Mao Bingyong , Zheng Xudong , Shan Jinjun , Jin Cuiyuan , Liu Shijia , Kolliputi Narasaiah , Chen Yugen , Xu Feng , Shi Liyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological evidences reveal that populations with psychological stress have an increased likelihood of respiratory viral infection involving influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanism remains elusive.
Results
By exploiting a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model, we demonstrated that psychiatric stress substantially increased hosts’ vulnerability to viral pneumonia, concurrent with deregulated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and disturbed gut microbiome. The central importance of gut microbiome in stress-exacerbated viral pneumonia was confirmed by microbiome depletion and gut microbiome transplantation. In particular, stress exposure induced a decline in Lactobacillaceae abundance and hence γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in mice. Microbial-derived GABA proved to be released in the peripheral and sensed by AMs via GABAAR, leading to enhanced mitochondrial metabolism and α-ketoglutarate (αKG) generation. The metabolic intermediator in turn served as the cofactor for the epigenetic regulator Tet2 to catalyze DNA hydroxymethylation, and promoted PPARγ-centered gene program underpinning survival, self-renewing, and immunoregulation of AMs. We thus uncover an unappreciated GABA/Tet2/PPARγ regulatory circuitry that was initiated by gut microbiome to instruct distant immune cells through a metabolic-epigenetic program. Accordingly, reconstitution with GABA-producing probiotics, or adoptive transferring of GABA-conditioned AMs, or resumption of pulmonary αKG level remarkably improved AMs homeostasis and alleviated severe pneumonia in stressed mice.
Conclusions
Together, our study identifies a microbiome-derived tonic signaling that is tuned by mental health status to imprint resident immune cells and defensive response in lungs. The findings are particularly significant for the subpopulation with psychiatric stress to combat critical respiratory viral infection.
Objectively-measured movement behaviors, systemic low-grade inflammation, and plasma neurofilament light chain in older adults: a population-based study
Authors: Wang Yongxiang , Han Qi , Han Xiaolei , Dong Yi , Mao Ming , Wang Chaoqun , Wang Xiaojie , Tang Shi , Liu Cuicui , Li Yuanjing , Hou Tingting , Cong Lin , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence has linked self-reported sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment; however, the underlying neuropathological mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the dose-response associations of the accelerometer-measured daily SB and PA time with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) among older adults and the role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the associations.
Methods
This population-based study included 1,029 dementia-free older adults (age ≥ 60 years, 59.48% women) who undertook the ActiGraph substudy (March 2018-December 2020) in MIND-China. Plasma NfL and serum cytokines were measured on SIMOA and MSD platforms, respectively. Movement parameters were assessed with an accelerometer. Data were analyzed using the restricted cubic splines, general linear, and mediation models.
Results
There were J-shaped associations of daily SB and PA time with plasma NfL concentration, such that more daily SB time or less daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) time were significantly associated with increased plasma NfL only when SB time ≥ 8.00 hours/day or LPA time < 5.00 hours/day or MVPA time < 2.00 hours/day. Furthermore, more daily SB time or less daily LPA and MVPA time was significantly associated with higher serum inflammation scores (P < 0.05). Finally, serum biomarkers of low-grade inflammation could account for 15–19% of the associations between movement behaviors and plasma NfL level.
Conclusions
More daily SB and less PA time are associated with peripheral biomarker for neurodegeneration and systemic low-grade inflammation in older adults. The association of movement behaviors with neurodegeneration is partially mediated by systemic low-grade inflammation.
Distributed periodic event-triggered synchronization for discrete-time complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay
Authors: Liang Zhihong , Ding Sanbo , Zhang Lei , Xie Xiangpeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the synchronization control problem for a class of discrete-time complex dynamical networks (CDNs) under an event-triggered mechanism (ETM). First, a discrete-time distributed periodic ETM is developed based on communication measurement. Under this mechanism, the signal is sampled in a periodic manner, but whether the control signal is updated or not depends on the pre-designed triggering condition. The sampling signal is designed as the communication measurement calculated by both state feedback and inner communication among nodes. Compared with the existing discrete-time ETMs, this method considers the topology connection among network nodes and avoids the continuous measurement of signals. Therefore, this mechanism effectively saves communication resources and reduces the waste of computing resources. Second, in order to analyze the serrated constraint caused by the periodic sampling error, a piecewise Lyapunov function is constructed. Third, under the distributed periodic ETM, sufficient conditions are derived for bounded synchronization of discrete-time CDNs with time-varying delay. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the conclusion.
Transforming vulcanized styrene-butadiene waste into valuable raw material: An opportunity for high impact polypropylene production
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Silva Fabiano Santana , Ferreira Eduardo Silva Barbosa , Silva Adriano Lima , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The vulcanized residue of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBRr) is a raw material with potential for re-addition in the production chain, adding value and reducing environmental impact. Polypropylene (PP) compounds with SBRr from the footwear industry were produced, adding styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) as compatibilizer, with 20% ​​and 30% of styrene (St.). Addition of 30% SBRr did not compromise the processability, since the torque and flow index increased slightly. Significant increases in impact strength were achieved for PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -20% St.) and PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -30% St.), with gains of 316% and 248%, related to PP. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore D hardness indicated greater flexibility for the PP/SBRr/SEBS, especially in the copolymer with 20% St. The thermal deflection temperature (HDT) indicated that even adding high content of SBRr to PP, the HDT was not severely affected, possibly due to its crosslinked character. PP/SBRr compatibilization with SEBS (20% St.) inhibited the PP crystalline peaks, as verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Stable morphology was achieved upon 10% of SEBS addition to PP/SBRr, providing proper interfacial adhesion and fine particles, contributing to toughen PP. Acquired results are promising for the rubber recycling, aiming at the production of high-impact polypropylene for containers and furniture accessories applications.
WITHDRAWN: Joint Spectrum Allocation and Power Control in Vehicular Communications Based on Dueling Double DQN
Authors: Ren Jie , Chai Zhengyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vehicular communications is one of the important applications in the low-latency and high-reliability scenarios of 5G communication systems. To meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of different vehicle links in a dynamic environment and improve the transmission effectiveness of the communication system, a distributed Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) spectrum allocation and power control scheme based on the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework is proposed. First, the latency constraint of the V2V link is formulated as a reward function, and a positive reward is given when the constraint is not violated; then, each V2V link is regarded as an agent to realize distributed spectrum and transmission power allocation to ensure the minimum transmission overhead. We use Double Deep Q-learning (DDQN) with dueling architecture to find the mapping between the observed environment and the optimal resource allocation scheme. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can learn to meet the strict latency constraints on the V2V link, and can effectively improve the network capacity of the Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) link in vehicular communications.
Heterogeneous Multi-ml Approach Implemented in Hvdc Transmission Line
Authors: Nasim syeda faiza , Rehman Bareeha , Kulsoom Umme 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The research article describes a system of machine architecture for protection of transmission lines of HVDC, in which multiple models of ML (KNN and SVM) are employed for fault classification and recognition. The K-Nearest Neighbor classifier is intended to serve two functions. It detects the type of fault as well which serves as a backup module for the starting unit's doubtful fault declaration. From a single-end single measurement, a feature vector consisting of standard deviations gradients and of DC and harmonic current, DC voltage, and correlation coefficients is retrieved. By simulating different states that are non-fault and fault states on a data set having training and test cases are obtained. The ML algorithm is trained in MATLAB and evaluated on a total of 2220 severe instances. The acquired results demonstrated the efficacy of the suggested method in detecting and distinguishing between various internal and external/pseudo problems.In this paper we will discuss how the ANN model Simulink in the MATLAB is used for researching, collecting, and evaluating 456 data sets.
TLR4 and MD2 variation among horses with differential TNFα baseline concentrations and response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Abhijit , Cook Shawna , SanMiguel Phillip , Ekenstedt Kari J. , Taylor Sandra D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Gram-negative bacterial septicemia is mediated through binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mammalian toll-like receptor protein 4 (TLR4). TLR4 and its cognate protein, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) form a heterodimeric complex after binding LPS. This complex induces a cascade of reactions that result in increased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, including TNFα, which leads to activation of innate immunity. In horses, the immune response to LPS varies widely. To determine if this variation is due to differences in TLR4 or MD2, DNA from 15 healthy adult horses with different TNFα dynamics after experimental intravenous LPS infusion was sequenced across exons ofTLR4andMD2. Haplotypes were constructed for both genes using all identified variants. Four haplotypes were observed for each gene. No significant associations were found between either TNFα baseline concentrations or response to LPS and haplotype; however, there was a significant association (Pvalue = 0.0460) between the baseline TNFα concentration and oneMD2missense variant. Three-dimensional structures of the equine TLR4-MD2-LPS complex were built according to haplotype combinations observed in the study horses, and the implications of missense variants on LPS binding were modeled. Although the sample size was small, there was no evidence that variation in TLR4 or MD2 explains the variability in TNFα response observed after LPS exposure in horses.