bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reservoir sedimentation using bathymetry survey: a case study on Adebra night storage reservoir, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yitbarek Andualem , Mengistu Tamene Dagnaw , Asitatikie Asimamaw Nigusie , Kumilachew Yilikal Wondimu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReservoir sedimentation is a serious challenge that reduces reservoir life. Because it decreases the initial capacity of the reservoir and has an impact on drinking water supply, irrigation, and hydropower activities. Inadequate land activities and poor management techniques cause soil erosion and reduce reservoir storage capacity. As a result, accurate sediment estimation was assist in the adoption of sustainable land-use activities and best management practices that lead to effective reservoir operations. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of sedimentation and remaining capacity of Adebra night storage reservoir (NSR) using a bathymetric survey and Arc-GIS 10.8. A comparison of original and current reservoir capacity was used to evaluate the quantity of sediment deposition in the reservoir. The latter was developed using Arc-GIS 10.8 and a bathymetry survey that was used to develop the TIN surface and evaluate reservoir volume. The Adebra NSR reservoir capacity was decreased by the accumulation of sedimentation from 36,902 m3 in 2012 to 27,722 m3 in 2020. The results of this study showed that the Adebra night storage reservoir had lost on average 24.8% of its capacity due to sedimentation, during 8 years of operation. The average deposition rate of sedimentation in Adebra NSR was estimated to be 1147.5 m3/year, with a loss rate of 3.1% per year. The value of sedimentation rates found in live storage of the reservoir area was 1147.5 m3/year. At the current time, the expected life of the night storage reservoir was reduced due to a lack of proper soil conservation practices in the reservoir catchment areas. In general, the study finding showed that the capacity of NSR was reduced by the accumulation of sedimentation year to year throughout the design period. Therefore, to improve the capacity of NSR should be planning and implementing different techniques of sediment control and removal, depending on the estimation of sediment production from watersheds of inlets and outlets of reservoirs.
Experimental and numerical modeling of various energy dissipater designs in chute channels
Authors: Kumcu Serife Yurdagul , Ispir Kamil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnergy dissipater in the stilling basin is a structure designed to protect downstream of the spillway from erosion and scour by reducing flow energy in the energy dissipation pool. Energy dissipation pool is an important element of hydraulic structures as a transition between the high-velocity flow and the sensitive tail water. The aim of this study is to investigate the energy dissipation ratios of baffle blocks which constructed in Type III stilling basin with different geometric shapes by using physical and numerical modeling methods. In all types of baffle blocks, the block heights and widths are chosen equally, and the total baffle block lengths are designed to be 50% of the stilling basin width. Energy dissipation ratio of the baffle blocks in 4 different geometric shapes was determined in 3 different layouts as single row, two rows and two rows without threshold structure, in a total of 12 different designs and 7 different flow rates are tested. In addition, these experimental studies were tested in the FLOW-3D software program, and the results of experimental and numerical studies were compared. As a result of the study, it was determined that the T-shaped energy-dissipating block had the highest energy dissipation ratio, and it was observed that the results obtained from the experimental studies and the FLOW-3D software were similar to each other with in the range of 5%.
Adsorption of acetic acid onto activated carbons produced from hazelnut shell, orange peel, and melon seeds
Authors: Hasdemir İbrahim Metin , Yılmazoğlu Emre , Güngör Senem , Hasdemir Belma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, hazelnut shells, orange peel, and melon seeds were selected as raw materials in the preparation of activated carbon. Various activators at different concentrations under two activation temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C were utilized. All produced adsorbents and a commercial activated carbon as a reference were used for the adsorption of acetic acid from its aqueous solutions in the various initial concentrations. The effect of the amounts of adsorbents was also studied. Removal efficiencies (Re%) and adsorption capacities (Qe) were experimentally determined. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were modelled, and their parameters were calculated. The surface area, pore volumes, and average pore width of the activated carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77.35 K using the BET, t-plot, and BJH methods, respectively. The highest BET surface area of the activated carbon from hazelnut shells was obtained as 717.738 m2/g at 500 °C activation temperature and 60% H3PO4 concentration. SEM images and FTIR analyses were investigated. It was found that activated carbons of hazelnut shells and orange peel showed higher efficiencies than commercial activated carbon.
Design, construction and testing of an improved solar water disinfection system (SODIS)
Authors: Amatobi Damiana A. , Agunwamba Jonah C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study improves on the conventional SODIS design to make it more effective and increase its acceptability. An improved SODIS was designed to allow polyethylene teraphalate (PET) bottles serving as reactors to be under approximately 97% sunrays’ cover, and with a provision for a heat absorber. The improved SODIS was tested for inactivation of microorganisms by loading it with eight PET bottles filled with water containing 105 to 107 CFU/100 ml of Escherichia coli. The test was conducted simultaneously with a conventional SODIS, consisting of an improvised rooftop arrangement, containing same quantity of water-filled bottles with same concentration of E. coli. The two systems were placed close to each other, and exposed to direct sunlight for seven hours each day, on six different days. Ambient temperature was measured with a general-purpose thermometer. The thermometer was inserted into one bottle on each system to measure (representative) temperature. At hourly time intervals, a bottle was taken out from each system for enumeration of E. coli concentration. Hourly ambient and bottle temperatures were read simultaneously. The improved SODIS achieved a temperature of 4 °C above ambient and 1 °C above the conventional SODIS. In all the experiment days, complete inactivation of E-coli below detectable limit (less than 1 CFU/100 ml) was achieved at the fourth hour of exposure to sunlight by the improved SODIS and sixth hour by the conventional SODIS. The inactivation rates, K, for E. coli were 0.53 and 0.46 for the improved SODIS and the conventional (rooftop) SODIS, respectively.
The effect of chemical dispersant of the third generation (Finasol OSR 62) on the microbial biodegradation process of Zarzaitine oil in water treatment
Authors: Elarbaoui Soumaya , Smii Latifa , Alhalili Zahrah , Smiri Moêz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe application of chemical dispersants aims to stimulate microbial oil degradation by increasing the bioavailability of oil compounds. Overall, nine microcosms were prepared (three for each treatment) using treated sediment with (i) dispersant (d: 25 ppm), (ii) oil (500 ppm), and (iii) with oil + dispersant (500: 25 ppm), respectively. There are also three control microcosms containing only water and sediment without petroleum. Then, we analyzed bacterial abundance, total hydrocarbon, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in each microcosm. Bacterial response density was significantly affected after 40 days of exposure; it was higher in the control microcosm and d (> 24.103 cell/l) than in the other treatments. The index of total hydrocarbons was equal to 53 mg/kg dw in oil and 56 mg/kg dw in oil + dispersant. The higher BOD5 found in oil and in oil + d shows the increased amount of oxygen consumed, which indicates enhanced bacterial activity. Microcosms treated with dispersant had higher COD than the others, but the dispersant did not stimulate microbial hydrocarbon degradation.
The European Commission’s Green Deal is an opportunity to rethink harmful practices of research and innovation policy
Authors: Bernstein Michael J. , Franssen Thomas , Smith Robert D. J. , de Wilde Mandy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe European Union’s Green Deal and associated policies, aspiring to long-term environmental sustainability, now require economic activities to ‘do no significant harm’ to EU environmental objectives. The way the European Commission is enacting the do no significant harm principle relies on quantitative tools that try to identify harm and adjudicate its significance. A reliance on established technical approaches to assessing such questions ignores the high levels of imprecision, ambiguity, and uncertainty—levels often in flux—characterizing the social contexts in which harms emerge. Indeed, harm, and its significance, are relational, not absolute. A better approach would thus be to acknowledge the relational nature of harm and develop broad capabilities to engage and ‘stay with’ the harm. We use the case of European research and innovation activities to expose the relational nature of harm, and explore an alternative and potentially more productive approach that departs from attempts to unilaterally or uniformly claim to know or adjudicate what is or is not significantly harmful. In closing, we outline three ways research and innovation policy-makers might experiment with reconfiguring scientific and technological systems and practices to better address the significant harms borne by people, other-than-human beings, and ecosystems.
Half-waves and spectral Riesz means on the 3-torus
Authors: Fairchild Elliott , Sussman Ethan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a full rank lattice$$\Lambda \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$Λ⊂Rdand$$\textbf{A}\in \mathbb {R}^d$$A∈Rd, consider$$N_{d,0;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma ) = \# ([\Lambda +\textbf{A}] \cap \Sigma \mathbb {B}^d) = \# \{\textbf{k}\in \Lambda : |\textbf{k}+\textbf{A}| \le \Sigma \}$$Nd,0;Λ,A(Σ)=#([Λ+A]∩ΣBd)=#{k∈Λ:|k+A|≤Σ}. Consider the iterated integrals$$\begin{aligned} N_{d,k+1;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma ) = \int _0^\Sigma N_{d,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\sigma ) \,\textrm{d}\sigma , \end{aligned}$$Nd,k+1;Λ,A(Σ)=∫0ΣNd,k;Λ,A(σ)dσ,for$$k\in \mathbb {N}$$k∈N. After an elementary derivation via the Poisson summation formula of the sharp large-$$\Sigma $$Σasymptotics of$$N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma )$$N3,k;Λ,A(Σ)for$$k\ge 2$$k≥2(these having an$$O(\Sigma )$$O(Σ)error term), we discuss how they are encoded in the structure of the Fourier transform$$\mathcal {F}N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\tau )$$FN3,k;Λ,A(τ). The analysis is related to Hörmander’s analysis of spectral Riesz means, as the iterated integrals above are weighted spectral Riesz means for the simplest magnetic Schrödinger operator on the flatd-torus. That the$$N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma )$$N3,k;Λ,A(Σ)obey an asymptotic expansion to$$O(\Sigma ^2)$$O(Σ2)is a special case of a general result holding for all magnetic Schrödinger operators on all manifolds, and the subleading polynomial corrections can be identified in terms of the Laurent series of the half-wave trace at$$\tau =0$$τ=0. The improvement to$$O(\Sigma )$$O(Σ)for$$k\ge 2$$k≥2follows from a bound on the growth rate of the half-wave trace at late times.
Inkjet Printed Quantum Dots Color Conversion Layers for Full-Color Micro-LED Displays
Authors: Qin Feng , Liu Cao , Wu Wenhui , Peng Wenxiang , Huo Sitao , Ye Jiandong , Gu Shulin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the ever-growing demands for larger size and high resolution displays, Micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) display with quantum dots (QDs) film as color conversion layers (CCLs) has become one of the most promising candidates of future display for its advantages in low power consumption and wide color range. In this study, we report a novel full-color display based on blue Micro LED, which has patterned red and green QDs color conversion (QDCC) layers fabricated by inkjet printing (IJP). A structure of double-layer bank was designed to reduce color deviation, prevent crosstalk, and flatten the QDCC layer. By optimizing the thickness of the red/green QDCC layers and the wavelength of blue Micro LED backlights, a full-color QDCC-LED display with 228 PPI resolution and size of 1.11-inch was successfully fabricated and showed superb performance. We not only effectively reduced crosstalk, but also improved the color conversion efficiency of QDs. In addition, this QDCC-LED display prepared by embedded bonding process shows a color gamut of 107.53% NTSC.
Graphical Abstract
Phytochemicals derived from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae) biomass and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities: HPLC analysis of extracts
Authors: Elbanoby Nourhan Elsayed , El-Settawy Ahmed A. A. , Mohamed Abeer A. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The biomass production from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (family Fabaceae) is a valuable source for chemical biorefinery. The bioactive molecules from the methanol extracts (MEs) from various parts of L. leucocephala grown in Egypt were evaluated. The antibacterial activity against the growth of Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the inhibition zones (IZs) and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The antifungal activity against the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Alternaria solani was recorded by measuring the fungal growth inhibition (FGI %) and MICs. The phytochemical compounds in the MEs were identified by HPLC–DAD, where the higher compounds identified (mg/kg ME) in seeds were benzoic acid (1520.44), myricetin (848.73), and rosmarinic acid (792.46); in roots, were benzoic acid (554.04), naringenin (419.99), and myricetin (205.51); in leaves were rosmarinic acid (4768.16), resveratrol (2983.99), quercetin (2052.43), myricetin (1432.63), and naringenin (1182.39); in branches, were rosmarinic acid (2230.26), resveratrol (1605.3), o-coumaric acid (691.16), and myricetin (681.93); in fruits were rosmarinic acid (431.43) and resveratrol (261.07); in stem-wood, were ellagic acid (1319.75), p-coumaric acid (1051.59), and ferulic acid (512.45); and in stem-bark, were resveratrol (1079.01), benzoic acid (1071.11), and catechol (305.51). The MEs at the concentration of 4000 mg/L from stem-wood, leaves, and stem-bark, the higher IZs against the growth of E. amylovora, A. tumefaciens, and S. aureus with values of 4.06 cm, 2.5 cm, and 2.63 cm, respectively, were found. The range of MICs values of MEs was 75–500 mg/L, 75–125 mg/L, and 75–125 mg/L, against the growth of A. tumefaciens, E. amylovora, and S. aureus, respectively. MEs prepared from seeds, fruits (pod), and stem-bark at 4000 mg/L showed the higher FGI (100%) against the growth of A. solani; MEs from seeds and branches observed the higher FGI values of 63.83% and 63.6%, respectively, against the growth of F. solani, and all MEs showed potent antifungal activity (FGI 100%) against R. solani except for leaf ME (88.06%). MICs were in the range of 250–500, 250–500, and 500–1000 mg/L against A. solani, F. solani, and R. solani, respectively. At 500 mg/L, the roots ME showed the highest total antioxidant activity (94.30%) compared to vitamin C (VC) (98.30%) at 100 mg/L. The EC50 values of the MEs from seeds, fruits, stem-bark, branches, stem-wood, leaves, and roots were 424.24 mg/L, 131.40 mg/L, 341.78 mg/L, 380.50 mg/L, 153.59 mg/L, 153.59 mg/L, and 129.89 mg/L compared with VC (6.88 mg/L). In conclusion, the botanical parts of L. leucocephala have several bioactive compounds, which can act as promising antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Die MISSCARE-Austria-Studie – Teil I
Authors: Cartaxo Ana , Eberl Inge , Mayer Hanna 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studien zufolge müssen Pflegepersonen im Krankenhaus u. a. aufgrund von Ressourcenknappheit notwendige Pflegetätigkeiten weglassen bzw. können diese nur mit einer für die Patient*innen nachteiligen Verzögerung durchführen. Dieses Phänomen wird auch als Missed Nursing Care (MNC) beschrieben (Kalisch et al. 2009). In Österreich fehlt es an einer validen Datengrundlage dazu.

Ziele
Missed Nursing Care in österreichischen Krankenhäusern zu erheben und Einflussfaktoren darauf zu identifizieren. Unterschiede bzw. Zusammenhänge in MNC nach Krankenhaus- und Stationscharakteristika sowie nach soziodemografischen und beruflichen Merkmalen von Pflegepersonen zu untersuchen.

Methode
Deskriptiv-komparative quantitative Querschnittstudie mittels onlinebasierter Fragebogenerhebung anhand des Revised-MISSCARE-Austria-Instruments. Zielgruppe waren alle Pflegepersonen, die in diesem Zeitraum auf Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern tätig waren. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Statistik, Korrelationskoeffizienten und nichtparametrischen Gruppenvergleichstests.

Ergebnisse
1006 Pflegepersonen haben an der Studie teilgenommen und die Einschlusskriterien erfüllt. 84,4 % (n = 849) davon gaben an, dass in ihren Teams in den letzten 2 Wochen mindestens eine der erfassten Tätigkeiten in der akuten Patient*innenversorgung weggelassen wurde. Dies betrifft vornehmlich Interventionen, bezogen auf emotionale Unterstützung, auf Beratung und Schulung sowie auf Gesprächsführung. Vor allem jüngere Pflegepersonen (p < 0,001), Pflegende auf Stationen mit mehr Betten (p < 0,001), Personen mit einer Vollzeitanstellung (p = 0,036), mit weniger Berufserfahrung (p = < 0,001) und diplomierte Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegepersonen in der direkten Patient*innenversorgung (p = 0,003) berichten über eine höhere Häufigkeit von MNC. Die häufigsten Einflussfaktoren auf MNC sind Multitasking, häufige Unterbrechungen, Personalmangel, gesteigerter Versorgungsaufwand, gesteigerte Aufnahme- und Entlassungsdynamiken sowie die eigene Erschöpfung und mangelnde Unterstützung von den direkten Vorgesetzten.

Schlussfolgerung
MNC wurde erstmalig in österreichischen Krankenhäusern erfasst. Die Ergebnisse geben deutliche Hinweise auf implizite Rationierung der akuten Versorgung. Die identifizierten Einflussfaktoren sollten bei der zukünftigen Entwicklung von Strategien für die Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität im akuten Bereich berücksichtigt werden.
Transcription factor NRF2 as potential therapeutic target for preventing muscle wasting in aging chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Gómez-García Erika F. , del Campo Fabiola Martín , Cortés-Sanabria Laura , Mendoza-Carrera Francisco , Avesani Carla Maria , Stenvinkel Peter , Lindholm Bengt , Cueto-Manzano Alfonso M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreased muscle protein catabolism leading to muscle wasting is a prominent feature of the syndrome of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PEW and muscle wasting are induced by factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic acidosis that activate theubiquitin–proteasome system, the main regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle degradation. Whether deficiency of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which regulates expression of antioxidant proteins protecting against oxidative damage triggered by inflammation, may exacerbate PEW has yet to be examined in aging patients with CKD. This review focuses on the hypothesis that NRF2 is involved in the maintenance of muscle mass and explores whether sustained activation of NRF2 by non-pharmacological interventions using nutraceutical activators to improve redox homeostasis could be a plausible strategy to prevent skeletal muscle disorders, including muscle wasting, sarcopenia and frailty associated with PEW in aging CKD patients.Graphical abstract
Structural behaviour and micro-structural characteristics of coloured kilned glass panels
Authors: Silvestru Vlad-Alexandru , Giesecke Rena , Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the architecture, engineering and construction industry is increasingly embracing digital design approaches and robotic production methods. This is as well noticeable in the façade design sector, especially when it comes to architectural design tasks dealing with complex geometries or adaptive components. Although glass is mainly used in facades due to its transparency, it often determines significantly the aesthetic appearance of a building and has to control the transmitted light and the visibility between exterior and interior. Recently, a novel method for producing polychromatic glass panels by fusing granular glass powder of different colours onto the surface of annealed float glass in a kilning process was developed at ETH Zurich. By using a multi-channel tool attached to a robotic arm for placing the granular powder onto the glass surface, digitally designed patterns can be realised precisely and repetitively. This paper focuses on the structural behaviour and the micro-structural characteristics of this novel type of coloured glass panels for façade applications. The bending strength of such glass panels was determined based on four-point-bending tests and was compared to that of annealed float glass. A non-negligible decrease in the bending strength was observed. Furthermore, the reasons for this reduction in structural performance were analysed based on microscopic investigations. It was observed that both the kilning process and the density of deposited granular powder had an influence on the surface microstructure. The presented results are essential for the production of polychromatic kilned glass as well as for future applications of this type of glass panel in façades.
Suitability of Amaranthaceae and Polygonaceae species as food source for the sugar beet weevil Asproparthenis punctiventris Germar
Authors: Dittmann Lena , Spangl Bernhard , Koschier Elisabeth H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores the food plant spectrum of the sugar beet weevil (Asproparthenis punctiventrisGermar; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the most important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgarissubsp.vulgarisAltissima group). It examines the potential of various weeds and other plants to maintain populations ofA. punctiventrisadults and larvae outside sugar beet fields. To this end, leaf consumption of females and males on twelve Amaranthaceae and six Polygonaceae species was compared over a 24-h period in a laboratory environment. Both sexes consumed the greatest amount of leaf mass from Beta spp. and on average about a third less from Atriplex spp., indicating that these plants have the highest nutritional value forA. punctiventris. Weevils consumed between 30 and 60% of the amount ofA. retroflexusand Chenopodium spp. than they fed on sugar beet leaves. LikeSpinacia oleracea(Amaranthaceae), plant species of the Polygonaceae family were hardly or not at all fed on. Mated females generally consumed more leaf mass than unmated, especially from Chenopodium spp. andA. retroflexus, i.e. plants with low feeding value. Experiments with potted plants revealed that the most and heaviest 4th instar larvae developed on sugar beet, while fewer individuals with lesser weight were found onB. vulgarissubsp.maritimaandA. hortensis. Very few larvae were able to develop onC. album, and none onA. retroflexus. To prevent promotion of pest population, special attention should be paid to the control of weeds from the Amaranthaceae family in sugar beet growing areas.