bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Regression Modeling of Spinal Mobility Measurements in Long‐Term Ankylosing Spondylitis: In‐Depth Analyses With Comparison to Norm Data
Authors: Hörnberg Kristina , Ljung Lotta , Södergren Anna , Sundström Björn 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveNormal age‐related decline and temporary restrictions in mobility complicate the understanding of spinal mobility deterioration over time in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this study, we aimed to determine whether spinal mobility deterioration occurred linearly in patients with AS. We also aimed to compare patterns of change with corresponding age‐related normal values and analyze variations in temporary fluctuations in mobility measurements over time.MethodsWe included 111 men and 30 women (median age 20.9 years at symptom onset), who were followed for a median of 34 years since symptom onset. This inclusion resulted in 9,697 spinal mobility measurements for analysis. Individual linear regression models for development of lateral spinal flexion (LSF), the 10‐cm Schober test (ST10), chest expansion (CE), and cervical rotation (CR) were analyzed and compared with normal age‐related decline over time.ResultsThe median values for the constants of all measurements were significantly lower than the norm data. However, LSF, ST10, and CE followed a yearly linear decline comparable to the norm data, whereas CR declined approximately twice as fast as expected from the norm data (beta median −0.62° [25th–75th percentile −1.16, −0.22] and −0.35° [25th–75th percentile −0.35, −0.35], respectively). Temporary fluctuations in LSF and CE were significantly higher during the early phase of the disease, with decreasing residuals over time.ConclusionBased on median constants of our data, mobility restrictions related to AS seem to mainly occur during the first years of disease, indicating a narrow window of opportunity for prevention.
Deterministic Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Multifunctional Integrated Photonics
Authors: Zhao Yuyan , Feng Jiangang , Chen Gaosong , Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Xue‐dong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising for photonic applications toward lasers, waveguides, and photodetectors. However, integration of high‐quality photonic elements into multifunctional devices is still restricted by optical losses stemming from the accumulation of defects and disorder in the solution process. Herein, a platform with a directional Laplace pressure is created for eliminating undesired pinning of liquid fronts in the solution process and boosting ordered assembly of CQDs into designable micro‐/nanostructures. The versatility and robustness of this method are demonstrated by deterministic patterning of CQDs with different components and photoluminescence spectra onto various substrates. On the basis of this platform, microring lasers with tunable emission modes, low‐loss waveguides, and their coupled structures have been reached for direct on‐chip generation and propagation of coherent light. A proof‐of‐concept demonstration of integrated circuits is also conducted by combining microcavity lasers with waveguides for encoding photonic outputs into information bits.
Electrochemical Capacitors with Confined Redox Electrolytes and Porous Electrodes
Authors: Yang Nianjun , Yu Siyu , Zhang Wenjun , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Simon Patrice , Jiang Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrochemical capacitors (ECs), including electrical‐double‐layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors, feature high power densities but low energy densities. To improve the energy densities of ECs, redox electrolyte‐enhanced ECs (R‐ECs) or supercapbatteries are designed through employing confined soluble redox electrolytes and porous electrodes. In R‐ECs the energy storage is based on diffusion‐controlled faradaic processes of confined redox electrolytes at the surface of a porous electrode, which thus take the merits of high power densities of ECs and high energy densities of batteries. In the past few years, there has been great progress in the development of this energy storage technology, particularly in the design and synthesis of novel redox electrolytes and porous electrodes, as well as the configurations of new devices. Herein, a full‐screen picture of the fundamentals and the state‐of‐art progress of R‐ECs are given together with a discussion and outlines about the challenges and future perspectives of R‐ECs. The strategies to improve the performance of R‐ECs are highlighted from the aspects of their capacitances and capacitance retention, power densities, and energy densities. The insight into the philosophies behind these strategies will be favorable to promote the R‐EC technology toward practical applications of supercapacitors in different fields.
High‐Density Oxygen Doping of Conductive Metal Sulfides for Better Polysulfide Trapping and Li2S‐S8 Redox Kinetics in High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Yiyi , Wu Haiwei , Wu Donghai , Wei Hairu , Guo Yanbo , Chen Houyang , Li Zhijian , Wang Lei , Xiong Chuanyin , Meng Qingjun , Liu Hanbin , Chan Candace K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExploring new materials and methods to achieve high utilization of sulfur with lean electrolyte is still a common concern in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Here, high‐density oxygen doping chemistry is introduced for making highly conducting, chemically stable sulfides with a much higher affinity to lithium polysulfides. It is found that doping large amounts of oxygen into NiCo2S4 is feasible and can make it outperform the pristine oxides and natively oxidized sulfides. Taking the advantages of high conductivity, chemical stability, the introduced large Li–O interactions, and activated Co (Ni) facets for catalyzing Sn2–, the NiCo2(O–S)4 is able to accelerate the Li2S‐S8 redox kinetics. Specifically, lithium‐sulfur batteries using free‐standing NiCo2(O–S)4 paper and interlayer exhibit the highest capacity of 8.68 mAh cm–2 at 1.0 mA cm–2 even with a sulfur loading of 8.75 mg cm–2 and lean electrolyte of 3.8 µL g–1. The high‐density oxygen doping chemistry can be also applied to other metal compounds, suggesting a potential way for developing more powerful catalysts towards high performance of Li–S batteries.
Rational Design of Nanostructured Metal/C Interface in 3D Self‐Supporting Cellulose Carbon Aerogel Facilitating High‐Performance Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Limin , Qin Yanyang , Wang Ke , Mao Heng , Wu Hu , Yu Wei , Zhang Dongyang , Zhao Hongyang , Wang Hairong , Wang Jiuhong , Xiao Chunhui , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of CO2 reduction and evolution reaction (CRR and CER) on the Li–CO2 battery cathode seriously hindered its practical application. Rational design of the Ru/C interface is expected to simultaneously decrease the free energy barrier of intermediate species and create a favorable electronic structure, effectively promoting the catalytic reaction kinetics of the CRR and CER. Herein, a 3D self‐supporting cellulose carbon aerogel (CCA) with well‐defined Ru/C interfaces (Ru@CCA) is synthesized as an advanced CO2‐breathing cathode for Li–CO2 batteries. The results show that the energy efficiency significantly improves to 80% with a high discharge capacity of 10.71 mA h cm−2 at 20 µA cm−2, and excellent cyclic stability of 421 cycles at 100 µA cm−2. These outstanding performances are highly competitive compared with state‐of‐art Li–CO2 cathodes. In addition, the unique interface design strategy is applied to other non‐noble metal@CCA cathodes, which confirms the advantages of constructing nanostructure metal/C interfaces for improving the kinetics of CRR and CER. This fundamental understanding of the structure–performance relationship provides new inspiration for designing highly efficient cathode catalysts for Li–CO2 batteries.
Classic mechanisms and experimental models for the anti‐inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Hongzhi Du , Xiaoying Hou , Yujie Guo , Le Chen , Yuhuan Miao , Dahui Liu , Luqi Huang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflammation is a common disease involved in the pathogenesis, complications, and sequelae of a large number of related diseases, and therefore considerable research has been directed toward developing anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat inflammatory and related diseases since ancient times. According to the review of abundant modern scientific researches, it is suggested that TCM exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects at different levels, and via multiple pathways with various targets, and recently a series of in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory models have been developed for anti‐inflammation research in TCM. Currently, the reported classic mechanisms of TCM and experimental models of its anti‐inflammatory effects provide reference points and guidance for further research and development of TCM. Importantly, the research clearly confirms that TCM is now and will continue to be an effective form of treatment for many types of inflammation and inflammation‐related diseases.
A Well‐Defined Anionic Dicopper(I) Monohydride Complex that Reacts like a Cluster**
Authors: Bienenmann Roel L. M. , Schanz Alexandra J. , Ooms Pascale L. , Lutz Martin , Broere Daniël L. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow‐nuclearity copper hydrides are rare and few well‐defined dicopper hydrides have been reported. Herein, we describe the first example of a structurally characterized anionic dicopper hydride complex. This complex does not display typical reactivity associated with low‐nuclearity copper hydrides, such as alcoholysis or insertion reactions. Instead, its stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity is akin to that of copper hydride clusters. The distinct reactivity is ascribed to the robust dinuclear core that is bound tightly within the dinucleating ligand scaffold.
Nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes based on xanthines: Synthesis and antifungal activity on Candida sp.
Authors: Francescato Giulia , Silva Sofia M. da , Leitão Maria Inês P. S. , Gaspar‐Cordeiro Ana , Giannopoulos Nikolaos , Gomes Clara S. B. , Pimentel Catarina , Petronilho Ana 
Published: April 2022

Invasive fungal diseases affect more than two million people worldwide. The increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections is the result of many factors, including an increase in the resistance to current drugs. As such, there is an urgent need to obtain new drugs that are efficient, selective, and able to overcome existing resistance mechanisms. Candida yeasts are responsible for more than 70% of all nosocomial invasive fungal diseases. In this work, we describe the synthesis of nickel (II)(NHC) complexes based on xanthines, by direct metalation of xanthinium salts with nickelocene NiCp2to yield [NiCpI(NHC)] complexes. For methyl caffeine, a biscarbene complex [NiCp(NHC)2]+is also formed, resulting from carbene dissociation from the corresponding monocarbene. [NiCpI(NHC)] complexes are active as antifungals for Candida yeasts and show toxicity for human cells (HeLa) that is dependent on the substitution of N7 of the xanthine moiety. The biscarbene complex 5[NiCp(NHC)2]+is highly selective for Candida glabrata and shows very low toxicity for human cells, being a promising candidate for selective treatment of C. glabrata infections.
Solution for optimal control of general nonlinear systems using generating functions
Authors: Wang Shi , Wang Yaonan , Liang Qiaokang , Chen Yijing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an analytical local solution for optimal control problems applicable to a wide class of general nonlinear systems. We first introduce the optimal control problem for a general nonlinear system and formulate the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Starting from the necessary conditions for optimality represented by the Hamiltonian system of the optimal control problem, we solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the associated generating functions. The generating functions are obtained in the form of series expansions by using canonical transformation theory and the semi‐tensor product of matrices. The coefficients of the generating functions satisfy simply the algebraic Riccati equation and linear algebraic equations for the second‐degree homogeneous component and higher degree components, respectively, from which an algorithm and data structure can be derived. This enables us to obtain analytical optimal feedback controllers and the corresponding Lyapunov function. Through theoretical analysis, it is established that the proposed methodology guarantees stability of the closed‐loop system. This approach is not affected by the complexity of the performance index and state equations, and most importantly, it does not require any initial admissible control law. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.
Bautechnische Untersuchungen an der historischen Kanalbrücke Minden
Authors: Kiesel Annika , Stein Ronald , Borschnek Ferdinand , Stephan Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn der historischen Kanalbrücke Minden wurden im Rahmen planmäßiger Zustandsuntersuchungen stellenweise Korrosionserscheinungen an den über 100 Jahre alten, schwer zugänglichen Gelenken der tragenden Bogenkonstruktionen festgestellt. Um einordnen zu können, welchen Einfluss eine eventuelle Schädigung der Gelenke auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten des Bauwerks hat, werden parallel zu einer Zustandserfassung sowohl numerische als auch messtechnische Untersuchungen der Kanalbrücke durchgeführt. In einem numerischen Modell wird das planmäßige Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten analysiert und qualitativ erfasst. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden mit im Rahmen der Bauwerksinspektion erhobenen Messdaten sowie mit 3D‐Laserscanmessungen verglichen und validiert. Die durchgeführten und geplanten Untersuchungen werden im Beitrag erläutert und der aktuelle Sachstand sowie bisherige Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.
Social validity of pediatric feeding treatment components across time
Authors: Taylor Tessa , Taylor Sarah Ann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is limited research on the social validity of treatment for pediatric feeding disorders. When it is assessed, the evaluation of treatment acceptability may focus on a few specific procedures or the entire program post‐treatment. This report took place within a home‐based behavior‐analytic treatment model in Australia. Caregivers of eight children (aged 3–11) with pediatric feeding disorders provided treatment acceptability ratings for the full range of treatment procedures, at pre‐ and post‐treatment. Caregivers were also provided the opportunity to provide open‐ended responses. Results showed that caregivers unanimously gave strong ratings of the importance of goals, and preferred that treatment be effective and quick, over minimizing side effects. Procedures experienced by all caregivers (differential attention, tangible reinforcement, nonremoval of the spoon, and re‐presentation) were rated highly at admission and increased at discharge, with the exception of tangible electronics. Caregivers of children receiving additional procedures for acceptance or clean mouth also provided high acceptability ratings for these at both timepoints. This report is the first to examine pre‐ and post‐acceptability measures on the full range of treatment procedures with caregivers experiencing treatment. Results inform future research and will serve to improve efforts to disseminate behavior analysis as an acceptable and effective treatment for pediatric feeding disorders.
A sensitive electrochemiluminescent sensor chip based on the ssDNA‐Ru(II) complex and aptamer for the determination of thrombin
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Ye Zhuoxin , Song Daqian , Ma Pinyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor chip for sensitive detection of thrombin (TB) was prepared using a screen‐printed electrode (SPE) as a working electrode and an aptamer as a specific recognition moiety. To produce an ECL sensor chip, a layer of pL‐Cys was immobilized on the surface of the SPE using the cyclic voltammetry scanning method. A layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was assembled through an Au–S bond and hairpin DNA was further immobilized on the electrode surface. Ru(bpy)2(mcpbpy)2+, as a luminescent reagent, was covalently bound to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) to prepare a luminescence probe ssDNA‐Ru. The probe was hybridized with TB aptamer to form a capture probe. In the presence of TB, the TB aptamer in the capture probe bound to TB, causing the release of ssDNA‐Ru that could bind to hairpin DNA on the electrode surface. The Ru(II) complex as a luminescent reagent was assembled onto the electrode, and pL‐Cys was used as a co‐reactant to enhance the ECL efficiency. The ECL signal of the sensor chip generated based on the above principles had a linear relationship with log TB concentration at the range 10 fM to1 nM, and the detection limit was 0.2 fM. Finally, TB detection using this method was verified using real blood samples. This work provides a new method using an aptamer as a foundation and SPE as a material for the detection of biological substances.
Investigation into the morphological implications on electron transfer dynamics of lithium peroxides by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Ryu C. Hyun , Ahn Hyun S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium–air batteries are highlighted as one of promising next generation battery technology with high gravimetric energy density. To date, however, cyclability of lithium–air batteries has been low, insufficient for commercial use. Many recent research accounts focused on understanding the mechanism of the discharge reaction in attempts to improve the cyclability, and revealed that two structurally distinct lithium peroxide species form during discharge, thin films and toroids, among which toroids formation results in beneficial effects in both cyclability and overall discharge capacity. In this work, scanning electrochemical microscopy was applied to investigate electron transfer dynamics of the two lithium peroxide species, from which a much faster surface electron transfer was observed from lithium peroxide toroids compared to that of thin films. The difference is postulated to stem from the difference in the formation mechanism of the two species.
Gingival pedicle with split‐thickness tunnel technique: A retrospective case series for single mandibular anterior recessions
Authors: Schincaglia Gian Pietro , Agusto Michele , Thacker Sejal , Thomas Simpson Kerri , Salman Arif 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionGingival recessions in the mandibular anterior sextant are a common clinical finding, but mucogingival treatment in this location is particularly challenging, due to several anatomical and surgical difficulties. In the present case series, a novel technique, called gingival pedicle with split‐thickness tunnel (GPST), was retrospectively evaluated.Case SeriesFifteen patients presenting with a single buccal RT1 or RT2 gingival recession of a depth of ≥3 mm in the mandibular anterior sextant were treated by means of the GPST technique. Clinical periodontal parameters at baseline and at the last follow‐up evaluation visit (6–84 months) were compared. Early healing was uneventful in all cases, and no complications such as flap dehiscence or loss of connective tissue graft were observed. Mean root coverage (mRC) was 98.1% ± 7.38%, corresponding to a statistically significant recession reduction (ΔRD) of 4.53 ± 1.19 mm. Complete root coverage was achieved in 14 of 15 cases. The gain in keratinized tissue width amounted to 3.13 ± 0.99 mm and was statistically significant, whereas no significant change in periodontal probing depth was observed after treatment.ConclusionIn conclusion, treatment with GPST technique seems to achieve a favorable and predictable clinical improvement in gingival recessions on mandibular anterior teeth.Why are these cases new information?

Limited information is available about the management of isolated deep labial recessions in the mandibular anterior teeth.
A novel surgical approach, called GPST technique, is described in a case series to specifically address this type of defect.
What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

Horizontal incision ≥ RECwidth
Cut‐back preparation helps to mobilize the flap without tension.
CTG width ≥ 3 times RECwidth
CTG height ≥ RECdepth
Proper graft and flap stabilization need to be achieved.
What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

Limited mesio‐distal dimensions, which do not allow to obtain a pedicle with adequate horizontal width
Very thin biotype may not be suitable because of the risk of inadequate flap vascularization.
Genetic deletion of IL‐6 increases CK‐MB, a classic cardiac damage marker, and decreases UPRmt genes after exhaustive exercise
Authors: Rovina Rafael L. , Pinto Ana P. , Muñoz Vitor R. , da Rocha Alisson L. , Rebelo Macario A. , Teixeira Giovana R. , Tavares Maria Eduarda A. , Pauli José R. , de Moura Leandro P. , Cintra Dennys E. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , da Silva Adelino S. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe intensity, duration, type of contraction, and muscle damage influence interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) response to acute exercise. However, in response to an exhaustive exercise session, the upregulation of IL‐6 in the serum and heart is associated with an inflammatory condition and can inhibit autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL‐6 in autophagy pathway responses and mitochondrial function in the heart of mice submitted to acute exhaustive physical exercise. The mice were allocated into three groups, five animals per group, for the wild type (WT) and the IL‐6 knockout (IL‐6 KO): Basal (sedentary; Basal), 1 h (after 1 h of the acute exercise; 1 h), and 3 h (after 3 h of the acute exercise; 3 h). After the specific time for each group, the blood was collected, each mouse heart was removed, and the left ventricle (LV) was isolated. In summary, under basal conditions, without the influence of the acute exercise, the IL‐6 KO group showed lower number of nuclei in the cardiac tissue, but higher collagen deposition; lower messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Prkaa1 and Mtco1, but higher mRNA levels of Ulk1; and higher protein levels of the ratio p‐AMPK/AMPK in the heart when compared to WT at the same time point. After the acute exercise (1 and 3 h), the IL‐6 KO group had lower mRNA levels of Tfam, Mtnd1, Mtco1, and Nampt in the heart when compared to WT after exercise; higher serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK‐MB, and lactate dehydrogenase for the IL‐6 group when compared to the WT group after the exercise. Specifically, the heat‐shock protein 60 protein levels in the heart increased 3 h after exhaustive exercise in the WT group, but not in the IL‐6 KO group. The study emphasizes that IL‐6 may offer cardioprotective effects, including mitochondrial adaptations in response to acute exhaustive exercise.