bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Strategies of Czech Female Diplomats
Authors: Fellegi Zuzana , Kočí Kateřina , Benešová Klára 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Although Czech women are solidly represented in the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs, only a fraction of this 14 per cent make it to the highest positions. This underrepresentation is in stark contrast with Nordic countries, where women make up almost half of the top diplomats. Based on semi-structured interviews with top diplomats conducted in the period 2018-2021, this study aims to identify how Czech female diplomats assess their own gender and professional identity, and to what extent they apply these identities strategically in order to advance their careers. The research enriches concepts on femininities by adding a type of ‘principled feminist’ and further develops career strategies in a specific historical and cultural context. The analysis shows that conservative personal gender ideologies of top Czech female diplomats and their related career strategies present one of the major obstacles to the increased representation of women in top diplomatic positions.
Who Gets to Be a Virtuoso? Diplomatic Competence through an Intersectional Lens
Authors: Standfield Catriona 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The practice turn in diplomatic studies has focused on how and when diplomats recognise others’ practices as competent. I argue that gendered, raced and classed power shape who is recognised as competent or virtuosic. Denial of recognition reveals how normative conceptions of competence reproduce inequalities in diplomacy. I trace the development and assessment of competence through the autobiographical narratives of Dame Margaret Joan Anstee, a British diplomat, diplomatic wife, international civil servant and then UN special representative in Angola in the 1990s. I find that developing social capital through education was key to allowing Anstee to transcend her working-class origins and enter the upper-class milieu of the post-World War II British Foreign Office. However, as the UN’s first female head of a peacekeeping mission, she struggled to be recognised as a competent actor, even as she took what could be seen as virtuosic action to resource the failing mission.
Seasonally and Regionally Dependent Shifts of the Atmospheric Westerly Jets under Global Warming
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Leung L. Ruby , Lu Jian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A distinct feature of the atmospheric circulation response to increasing greenhouse gas forcing is the poleward shift of the zonal-mean westerly jet. The dynamical mechanisms of the zonal-mean poleward jet shift have been extensively studied in literature. At seasonal/regional scales, however, the westerly jets can shift equatorward, such as in the early-summer Asia–Pacific region, the late-winter America–Atlantic region, and the winter/spring east Pacific. These equatorward jet shifts imply climate impacts distinct from those of the poleward shifts, yet their causes are not well understood. Here, based on a hierarchy of coupled, prescribed-SST, and aquaplanet simulations, we attribute the seasonal/regional equatorward jet shifts to the enhanced tropical upper-level warming (ETUW), which arises from both the tropical moist adiabat and the enhanced equatorial surface warming. By steepening the meridional temperature gradient in the subtropical upper-to-middle level and assisted by positive eddy feedback, the ETUW increases the zonal wind equatorward of the climatological jet. When the regional/seasonal meridional temperature gradients (or equivalently the westerly jets) are weak and peak close to the tropics, the ETUW effect overcomes the poleward jet-shift mechanisms and leads to the equatorward jet shifts. This climatological-state dependency is consistently seen in the decomposed jet responses to uniform warming and surface warming pattern, and further demonstrated through idealized aquaplanet experiments with designed climatological states. For uniform warming, the ETUW arising from moist adiabat makes the general poleward jet shifts insignificant in the aforementioned favorable regions/seasons. For warming pattern, the ETUW from enhanced equatorial warming drives substantial equatorward jet shifts in these favorable seasons/regions.
Post stroke intervention trial in fatigue (POSITIF): Randomised multicentre feasibility trial
Authors: Mead Gillian , Gillespie David , Barber Mark , House Allan , Lewis Steff , Ensor Hannah , Wu Simiao , Chalder Trudie 
Published: July 2022

Objective To test the feasibility of a telephone delivered intervention, informed by cognitive behavioural principles, for post-stroke fatigue, and estimated its effect on fatigue and other outcomes. Design Randomised controlled parallel group trial. Setting Three Scottish stroke services. Subjects Stroke survivors with fatigue three months to two years post-stroke onset. Interventions Seven telephone calls (fortnightly then a ‘booster session’ at 16 weeks) of a manualised intervention, plus information about fatigue, versus information only. Main measures Feasibility of trial methods, and collected outcome measures (fatigue, mood, anxiety, social participation, quality of life, return to work) just before randomisation, at the end of treatment (four months after randomisation) and at six months after randomisation. Results Between October 2018 and January 2020, we invited 886 stroke survivors to participate in postal screening: 188/886 (21%) returned questionnaires and consented, of whom 76/188 (40%) were eligible and returned baseline forms; 64/76 (84%) returned six month follow-up questionnaires. Of the 39 allocated the intervention, 23 (59%) attended at least four sessions. At six months, there were no significant differences between the groups (adjusted mean differences in Fatigue Assessment Scale −0.619 (95% CI −4.9631, 3.694; p = 0.768), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 −0.178 (95% CI −3.823, 3.467, p = 0.92), and the Patient Health Questionnaire −0.247 (95% CI −2.935, 2.442, p = 0.851). There were no between-group differences in quality of life, social participation or return to work. Conclusion Patients can be recruited to a trial of this design. These data will inform the design of further trials in post-stroke fatigue.
Efficacy of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Life Support in Adult Patients with Refractory Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Kurniawati ER , van Kuijk SMJ , Vranken NPA , Maessen JG , Weerwind PW 
Published: July 2022

Background This study aimed to describe the efficacy of veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (VA-ECLS) through early lactate clearance and pH restoration and assess the potential association with 30-day survival following hospital discharge. Methods Data of patients receiving VA-ECLS for at least 24 h were retrospectively compiled. Blood lactate levels, liver enzymes, and kidney parameters prior to VA-ECLS initiation and at 2, 8, 14, 20, and 26 h of support had been recorded as part of clinical care. The primary outcome was 30-day survival. Results Of 77 patients who underwent VA-ECLS for refractory cardiogenic shock, 44.2% survived. For all non-survivors, ECLS was initiated after eight hours ( p = .008). Blood pH was significantly higher in survivors compared to non-survivors at all time points except for pre-ECLS. Lactate levels were significantly lower in survivors (median range 1.95-4.70 vs 2.90-6.70 mmol/L for survivors vs non-survivors, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that blood pH at 24 h (OR 0.045, 95% CI: 0.005-0.448 for pH <7.35, p = .045) and lactate concentration pre-ECLS (OR 0.743, 95% CI: 0.590-0.936, p = .012) were reliable predictors for 30-day survival. Further, ischemic cardiogenic shock as ECLS indication showed 36.2% less lactate clearance compared to patients with other indications such as arrhythmia, postcardiotomy, and ECPR. Conclusion ECLS showed to be an effective treatment in reducing blood lactate levels in patients suffering from refractory cardiogenic shock in which the outcome is influenced by the initial lactate level and pH in the early phase of the intervention.
Changes in ultrasound imaging of joints, entheses, bursae and tendons 24 and 48 h after adjusted weight training
Authors: Schreiner Julia K. , Recker Florian , Scheicht Dennis , Karakostas Pantelis , Ziob Jana , Behning Charlotte , Preuss Peter , Brossart Peter , Schäfer Valentin S. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Joint effusion and enthesitis are common ultrasound findings in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis. However, changes of joints and entheses were not only observed in patients but also in physically active individuals and athletes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate joint, entheseal, bursal and tendon musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) findings in large and medium joints of young healthy individuals after completing a standardised weight training. Design: This is a prospective cohort study. Methods: MSUS examinations of large- and medium-sized joints, and related entheseal sites, bursae and tendons were performed on young healthy individuals (ages 18–30 years). Before, 24 and 48 h after completing 1 h of standardised weight exercise, the subjects were evaluated by MSUS. The development of the MSUS findings and associated effects were examined using generalised linear mixed effects models. Results: In total, 51 healthy individuals (52.9% female) with a mean age of 23.7 (±2.5) years were enrolled. The results showed an increase in the number of individuals with at least one joint effusion from 37 (72.5%) before the weight training to 48 (94.1%) after 48 h. Entheses with pathologies were observed in 14 participants (27.5%) at baseline, increasing to 29 participants (56.9%) 48 h after the weight training. Biceps tendon sheath effusion was detected in 9 individuals (17.6%) prior to training, rising to 22 individuals (43.1%) after 48 h. A significant increase in the number of joints with effusion and abnormal entheses within 48 h after the weight training was indicated by the generalised linear mixed effects models. Conclusion: Within 48 h after the weight training session, a significant increase in the prevalence of joint effusion in large and medium joints and the prevalence of abnormal entheses was observed. As a result, when performing and interpreting an MSUS examination, the patient’s physical activities should be taken into account.
Time to Achieving Clinically Significant Outcomes After Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Polce Evan M. , Gilat Ron , Mehta Nabil , Alzein Mohamad , Dandu Navya , Parvaresh Kevin C. , Cole Brian J. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To determine the time to achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for commonly administered patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and risk factors affecting achievement of clinically significant outcomes in patients undergoing meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). Methods A prospectively maintained MAT registry was retrospectively reviewed from April 2014 to May 2019. Patients who underwent revision MAT or did not complete preoperative PROs or one post operative time point were excluded. Patients who underwent concomitant procedures were included in the analysis. PROs were administered preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Previously defined MCID and PASS thresholds were utilized and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis with interval censoring was used to calculate the cumulative percentages of MCID and PASS achievement at each follow-up time interval (5-7, 11-13, and 23-25 months). Results Eighty patients (age: 28.35 ± 9.76, 50% male) who completed preoperative, 6-month ( n = 69, 86% compliance), and 1-year ( n = 76, 95% compliance) PROs were included. The majority of patients (>50%) achieved MCID and PASS on most included PROs. Workers’ compensation status was found to significantly delay achievement of MCID and PASS on all PROs except for PASS on Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) quality of life (QoL). Higher body mass index (BMI) significantly delayed time to achieving MCID on KOOS Pain and activities of daily living (ADL), as well as PASS on KOOS Symptoms and KOOS QoL. Conclusion This study suggests that the majority of patients have clinically significant improvements in pain and function after MAT, with more than 50% of patients experiencing clinically significant improvement within the first postoperative year. Workers’ compensation status and high BMI may prolong time to achievement of MCID and PASS after MAT.
Long-term mortality rates of young stroke in Taiwan: A decade-long epidemiology population-based study
Authors: Wu Yu-ying , Chen Po-Yuan , Wu Cheng-Chun , Chen Han-Jung , Liang Cheng-Loong , Lee Yi-Che , Lin Chi-Wei , Hung Chao-Ming , Lin I-Fan , Wang Hao-Kuang 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Stroke remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke in young adults is an important issue, gaining extra attention in recent years. This study aims to investigate the mortality after stroke in young adults in Taiwan. Patients and methods: This is a registry- and population-based study in Taiwan of patients aged 20–50 years with first-ever stroke between 1999 and 2012, with follow-up until January 1, 2022. Patients and mortalities were identified through Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Results: The study population included 65,097 patients with stroke (mean age, 42.6 ± 6.6 years; 30.5% woman). There were 23,481 (36.1%) intracranial hemorrhage, 37,522 (57.6%) ischemic stroke, and 4094 (6.3%) stroke not otherwise specified. At the end of follow-up, a total of 18,248 deaths (28.0%) occurred during a median follow-up of 9.8 years (interquartile range, 6.4–13.7 years). Conclusion: Taiwan young adults who were 30-day survivors of first-ever stroke have significantly higher long-term mortality rates when compared to other population-based studies.
Spatiotemporal assessment of immunogenomic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Hu Qiang , Merz Almuth Maria Anni , Wang Jie , Hutson Nicholas , Rondeau Cherie , Celotto Kimberly , Belal Ahmed , Alberico Ronald , Block AnneMarie W. , Mohammadpour Hemn , Wallace Paul K. , Tario Joseph , Luce Jesse , Glenn Sean T. , Singh Prashant , Samur Mehmet , Munshi Nikhil , Liu Song , McCarthy Philip L. , Wei Lei , Hillengass Jens 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in metastatic solid tumors and an evolving concept in multiple myeloma (MM). The interplay between malignant plasma cells (PCs) and the microenvironment has not yet been analyzed in MM. For this purpose, we performed bone marrow aspirates and imaging-guided biopsies of corresponding lesions in newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients. PCs were isolated and subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). Non-PCs were studied with next-generation flow (NGF) and T-cell receptor sequencing (TCRseq) to analyze the connection between malignant and nonmalignant cells in the bone marrow and in lesions. Although we observed a strong overlap from WES, NGF, and TCRseq in patients with intramedullary disease, WES revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in patients with extramedullary disease. NGF showed significant immunosuppression in RRMM compared with NDMM as indicated by fewer myeloid dendritic cells, unswitched memory B cells, Th9 cells, and CD8 effector memory T cells but more natural killer and regulatory T cells. Additionally, fewer T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences were detected in RRMM compared with NDMM and healthy individuals. After induction therapy, TCR repertoire richness increased to levels of healthy individuals, and NGF showed more regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regardless of depth of response. Clinical significance of imaging-guided biopsies of lesions was demonstrated by detection of monoclonal PCs in patients without measurable residual disease (MRD) in aspirates from the iliac crest as well as identification of secondary primary malignancies in MRD− patients. Furthermore, site-specific clones with different drug susceptibilities and genetically defined high-risk features were detected by our workflow.
Development and performance of a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-specific quality-of-life instrument
Authors: Kasthuri Raj S. , Chaturvedi Shruti , Thomas Sonia , Vandergrift Nathan , Bann Carla , Schaefer Nicole , Clancy Marianne S. , Pyeritz Reed , McCrae Keith R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by arteriovenous malformations and telangiectasia, with primary clinical manifestations of epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding and resultant anemia. HHT negatively affects health-related quality of life (HR-QoL); however, existing tools to measure HR-QoL are not HHT specific. Our objective was to develop an HHT-specific HR-QoL (HHT-QoL) instrument and evaluate its performance in a cross-sectional survey of individuals with HHT. Four HHT-specific questions were developed to evaluate the impact of HHT on productivity and social and personal interactions. An anonymous e-mail survey was conducted through Cure HHT. Participants also indicated their perceived HHT severity and completed 3 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires: Discretionary Social Activities, Social Roles, and Emotional Distress. Complete data were available for 290 participants who self-identified their HHT severity as mild (29%), moderate (46%), or severe (25%). The HHT-QoL scale was reliable (Cronbach’s-α, 0.83). Principal components analysis indicated the instrument was unidimensional. Participants had low levels of QoL with their ability to participate in discretionary social activities (PROMIS mean 36.4 [standard deviation 14.3]) and perform in social roles (41.5 [17.2]), and the presence of a high level of emotional distress (64.8 [24.2]). The HHT-QoL score correlated negatively with PROMIS Discretionary Social Activities (r = −0.65) and Social Roles (r = −0.68) and positively correlated with PROMIS Emotional Distress (r = 0.51). In conclusion, the 4-item HHT-QoL instrument provides valuable insight and may be a useful addition to future clinical research in HHT.
Accuracy benchmark of the GeneMind GenoLab M sequencing platform for WGS and WES analysis
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Fan Xue , Guo Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Miao , Zhao Xiao Chao , Wu Ping , Yan Qin , Sun Lei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
GenoLab M is a recently developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform from GeneMind Biosciences. To establish the performance of GenoLab M, we present the first report to benchmark and compare the WGS and WES sequencing data of the GenoLab M sequencer to NovaSeq 6000 and NextSeq 550 platform in various types of analysis. For WGS, thirty-fold sequencing from Illumina NovaSeq platform and processed by GATK pipeline is currently considered as the golden standard. Thus this dataset is generated as a benchmark reference in this study.

Results
GenoLab M showed an average of 94.62% of Q20 percentage for base quality, while the NovaSeq was slightly higher at 96.97%. However, GenoLab M outperformed NovaSeq or NextSeq at a duplication rate, suggesting more usable data after deduplication. For WGS short variant calling, GenoLab M showed significant accuracy improvement over the same depth dataset from NovaSeq, and reached similar accuracy to NovaSeq 33X dataset with 22x depth. For 100X WES, the F-score and Precision in GenoLab M were higher than NovaSeq or NextSeq, especially for InDel calling.

Conclusions
GenoLab M is a promising NGS platform for high-performance WGS and WES applications. For WGS, 22X depth in the GenoLab M sequencing platform offers a cost-effective alternative to the current mainstream 33X depth on Illumina.
Production and optimization of bioplastic (Polyhydroxybutyrate) from Bacillus cereus strain SH-02 using response surface methodology
Authors: Hamdy Shereen M. , Danial Amal W. , Gad El-Rab Sanaa M. F. , Shoreit Ahmed A. M. , Hesham Abd El-Latif 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer formed by some microbes in response to excess carbon sources or essential nutrient depletion. PHBs are entirely biodegradable into CO2 and H2O under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It has several applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, and food packaging due to its biocompatibility and nontoxicity nature.

Result
In the present study, PHB-producing bacterium was isolated from the Dirout channel at Assiut Governorate. This isolate was characterized phenotypically and genetically as Bacillus cereus SH-02 (OM992297). According to one-way ANOVA test, the maximum PHB content was observed after 72 h of incubation at 35 °C using glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen source. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interactive effects of glucose concentration, peptone concentration, and pH on PHB production. This result proved that all variables have a significant effect on PHB production either independently or in the interaction with each other. The optimized medium conditions with the constraint to maximize PHB content and concentration were 22.315 g/L glucose, and 15.625 g/L peptone at pH 7.048. The maximum PHB content and concentration were 3100.799 mg/L and 28.799% which was close to the actual value (3051 mg/l and 28.7%). The polymer was identified as PHB using FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. FT-IR analysis showed a strong band at 1724 cm− 1 which attributed to the ester group’s carbonyl while NMR analysis has different peaks at 169.15, 67.6, 40.77, and 19.75 ppm that were corresponding to carbonyl, methine, methylene, and methyl resonance. Mass spectroscopy exhibited molecular weight for methyl 3- hydroxybutyric acid.

Conclusion
PHB–producing strain was identified as Bacillus cereus SH-02 (OM992297). Under optimum conditions from RSM analysis, the maximum PHB content and concentration of this strain can reach (3100.799 mg/L and 28.799%); respectively. FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry were used to confirm the polymer as PHB. Our results demonstrated that optimization using RSM is one of the strategies used for reducing the production cost. RSM can determine the optimal factors to produce the polymer in a better way and in a larger quantity without consuming time.