bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Filtration and Flocculation for Chlorella vulgaris Harvesting
Authors: Marbelia Lisendra , Bilad Muhammad R. , Rens Pieter , Vankelecom Ivo 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The present study aims to explore the feasibility of using flocculation combined
with filtration for microalgae harvesting, i.e., Chlorella vulgaris. This is important because microalgae
have small sizes and its broth is stable, which makes it difficult to be harvested. The aforementioned
facts cause the harvesting cost to be relatively high and become the bottleneck of microalgae
processes.

Objective:
The objective of this research is to find the relation between microalgae concentration, chitosan
dosing as a flocculant, and its filterability on membranes.

Methods:
Research was performed by first cultivating the microalgae in a lab-scale photobioreactor,
followed by jar test, flocculation, and filtration experiment. Jar test flocculation was performed using
chitosan and microalgae with different concentrations, by simply mixing it in a 100-mL bottle and analyzing
the results with UV Vis Spectroscopy. Filtration experiments were performed using lab-made
polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, in a 100-mL dead-end filtration cell and in a 5-L tank for submerged
filtration. During both filtration tests, filtration flux and fouling were monitored and compared.

Results:
Results showed that the chitosan concentration needed as a flocculant depends on the microalgae
biomass concentration. For the filterability tests, the results proved that flocculation with chitosan
enhanced the filterability of the microalgae broth both in dead-end and submerged filtration
mode. For the used biomass concentration of around 400 mg/L, the filterability test showed an optimum
concentration of chitosan at 7.5 to 10 mg/L, which resulted in a higher filtration flux and lower
irreversible fouling in the dead-end filtration and a higher critical flux in the submerged filtration setup.

Conclusion:
This increased filterability allowed higher fluxes to be operated, thus resulting in a more
efficient harvesting process.
Biowaste-based Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors: Synthesis, Fabrication
and Electrochemical Performances: A Review
Authors: Mensah-Darkwa Kwadwo , Appiah Eugene Sefa , Gupta Anjali , Nashiru Mahadeen Nanzumani , Ampong Daniel Nframah , Agyemang Frank Ofori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The development of low-cost, high-efficiency electrode materials for supercapacitors is motivated by the growing need for green and affordable clean energy (SDG goal 7). Developing new energy conversion and storage technologies, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells, is a viable option for meeting energy demands while addressing environmental concerns. Recent advances in carbonaceous materials derived from biowaste for supercapacitor applications have piqued the interest of academics and industry alike. Because of their large surface area and porous structure, activated carbon-based electrode materials can be used in various applications, including supercapacitors, fuel cells, and batteries. Carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon, exhibit EDLC-like behavior mainly due to ion adsorption at the electrode interface. In recent years, several potential strategies for the synthesis and structural architecture of biowaste-derived porous carbons have been tested with varying degrees of success. Thus, it is critical to evaluate the prospects for biowaste-derived porous carbon materials used as supercapacitor electrodes.
In this review, we highlight how different biowaste-derived porous carbon affects the surface properties of carbon nanostructures and how this affects their electrochemical performance. Additionally, the extent to which various biowastes have been utilized as porous carbon for supercapacitor electrodes is addressed. The different synthesis techniques, such as hydrothermal carbonization, physical activation, chemical activation, and microwave-assisted activation, are briefly described in this review. Finally, we highlight fabrication techniques as well as electrochemical performance measurements such as CV, GCD, EIS, energy density, and power density.
Development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the penitentiary system
Authors: Kondratova S. E. , Marchenko A. N. 
Published: May 2022

The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research methods. The work used the methods of epidemiological research, mathematical modeling and forecasting, logistic regression of stepwise inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in relation to the incidence of HIV infection in places of detention, the longterm dynamics of the development of the epidemic process was studied with an assessment of priority risk factors, forecasting the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection with the establishment of social significance and risk for the civilian population over a long period. The probability of developing a fatal outcome in HIV-positive men serving sentences is 4.7 times higher than among civilian men, while 14.6 times higher when infected with HIV by parenteral (narcotic) infection, 4.8 times higher with concomitant viral hepatitis and 20 times higher in the presence of a respiratory disease, 99.2% higher in the clinical stages of HIV infection 3, 4A, 4B than in civilians.Conclusion. Prisoners have an unfavorable situation for HIV infection with high mortality. A set of organizational and preventive measures to prevent the spread of HIV among prisoners at the present stage should be strengthened with an emphasis on groups at increased risk and progression of infection.
Cost analysis as the basis for management decisions in automation of enzyme immunoassays for HIV infection
Authors: Ivoylov O. O. , Kochetov A. G. , Lyang O. V. , Libon K. 
Published: May 2022

Every year, about a fifth of the Russian population undergoes laboratory testing for HIV infection, which creates a significant burden on the healthcare system. A significant part of the research on markers of HIV infection is performed using ELISA test systems, usually using manual labor of personnel. The decision to automate this process should be based on the results of a comparative analysis of the direct costs of manual and automated methods.The purpose statement is to evaluate the impact of automation on the labor intensity and cost of ELISA tests for antibodies to HIV1.2 / p24 antigen, depending on changes in the number of laboratory tests and the mode of operation of automatic equipment.Materials and methods. The study of costs was carried out for the manual ELISA method and for automated execution using the ELISA analyzer «Lazurit». To analyze the labor costs of the personnel, the timing of the workplaces of the medical laboratory was performed. When modeling various flows of biomaterial samples, the number of laboratory tests was used, which is a multiple of the 1st plate of the ELISA test system. The assessment of the influence of the operating modes of the automatic analyzer was carried out with a working shift of 7.2 hours and 12 hours.Results. Automation of ELISA in conditions of medium and large volumes of testing saves labor by more than 1.6 times with a work schedule of 7.2 hours, and more than 1.9 times with a schedule of 12 hours. At the same time, automation increases the technological cost at low flows by more than 2 times, and at high flows — by 1.2 times. Conclusion. Automation of HIV testing using an ELISA analyzer leads, in general, to a negative economic effect due to a significant excess of the cost of additional consumables and depreciation of equipment over the possible savings in the wage fund. However, with a load exceeding 3–4 ELISA plates per day per 1 medical laboratory technician, automation can be an effective alternative to increasing the laboratory staff. Optimal for automated ELISA at medium and high flows is a 12-hour work schedule.
Non-Penal Policy of Syariah Institutions in Preventing Juveniles from Narcotics Abuse in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zaituni Zaituni , Nizarli Riza , Aiyub Kadir M Yakub 
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to discuss non-penal policies of Syariah institutions through families and educational institutions in preventing juvenile from committing narcotics abuse under the Aceh Qanun on Drug Abuse Prevention Facilities. Originally, a normative legal research, res covering legislative review and supporting with data that found in the field and stakeholders interview as supporting data in the use of research methodologies. The result indicates that Aceh syariah institutions are authorized to carry out non-penal policies in preventing child or juvenile narcotics abuse, as known under sadd adz-dzari’ah in islamic methodology (usul fiqh). However, to date, the application of preventive measures through family and educational institutions has not had any progress yet. Hence this paper suggests Syariah institution in Aceh, including Dinas Syariah Islam, Aceh Ulama Assembly, Dayah Body and Aceh Syariah Police in collaboration with Anti Narcotic Institution, to pay serious attention to non-penal policies to ensure the children safe from narcotics acts. This contributes to highlight the prevalence of non-penal policy can be more effective rather than penal policy in preventing children from narcotics abuses in Aceh province, Indonesia
Waqf Regulation: Potential and Social Problems of Mosque-Based Productive Waqf Management
Authors: Suhairi Suhairi , Abror Khoirul , Alimuddin Agus , Wahab Oki Hajiansyah 
Published: May 2022

Waqf land in Indonesia is very large and very wide. But there has not been a maximum productive waqf management. The management of productive waqf that can be done is mosque-based. This article attempts to study the potential and social problems of mosque-based productive waqf management. It explored mosques in the study, ranging from The Jami’ mosque of Batanghari of East Lampung Regency, Babussalam Pekalongan Mosque of East Lampung Regency, Taqwa Mosque of Punggur, Central Lampung Regency, and Al-Muhajirin Mosque Abung Semuli of North Lampung Regency. Of the four mosques studied, it can be stated that all have the potential to be carried out productive waqf management considering assets like yard and strategic location and have strategic position to build businesses centres like shops / minimarkets, BMT, food stalls, clinics, schools, fish ponds. Despite the existence of the Law on Waqf that allows the Nazhir to get not more than 10% of the profit, the waqf treasures of the mosques are not well managed by the nazhir, especially in its utilization
Legal Constructions of Apprenticeship for Notary Candidates in the Framework of Rechtsidee
Authors: Yetniwati Yetniwati , Yahya Taufik , Pahlefi Pahlefi 
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the concept of the legal construction of notary candidate apprenticeship within the framework of rechtsidee (law ideals). This article demonstrates that the so called rechtidee has always focused on three ideals, namely legal certainty, legal justice, and legal benefit. With regards to apprenticeship, it is argued, however, that these three ideals are not sufficient. Most legal studies have forgotten another basic ideal, namely the education principal which is inevitable in establishing a professional and qualified notary. The article demonstrates how the apprenticeship should be addressed to reveal the concept of legal construction for prospective public notaries. It is believed that there is a legal but moral relationship between a notary candidate and a notary public apprentice under the supervision of the government or a designated official. The principles of education in apprenticeships would enable the notary candidates to have sufficient knowledge and wisdom, and other character buildings like dedication, harmony, mutual relationships, role model, as well as, but not limited to, honesty. Given its functions, apprenticeship legal construction has to be developed in regulations not only based on the principles of legal certainty, legal justice, and legal benefit, but also on the principles of education
BOOK REVIEW: ENGLISH L2 READING: GETTING TO THE BOTTOM (4TH EDITION)
Authors: Huang Yueyue , Li Keru 
Published: May 2022

Research in L2 reading, especially the incorporation of insights from reading processing into reading instruction, has gained a standing attention in ELT and recent second language acquisition research has highlighted a complex and dynamic trajectory of reading efficacy development. English L2 Reading: Getting to the Bottom, now in its fourth edition, has timely responded to the psycholinguistic turn in reading studies over decades. With purposefully modified and updated sections on metalinguistic awareness in terms of pedagogical value, the latest edition provides a focused overview of central issues in understanding L2 English reading processors with practical considerations on their direct relevance to pedagogical interventions. This book review will firstly present a brief account of each chapter's underlying concerns and then offer critical comments on the latest version's theoretical implications in relation to current trends in L2 instruction research.
Novel Flower-Shaped Multiple Input Multiple Output Dielectric Resonator Antenna
Authors: Singhwal Sumer Singh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In modern communication systems, dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) play an important role due to its several advantages over contemporary antennas. In this paper, novel flower-shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) DRA is proposed for wireless applications in X- band. The proposed antenna with four ports displays more than -15 dB isolation between ports with defected ground technique. The antenna exhibits 7.2-7.5 GHZ impedance bandwidth and 4.66 dBi gain at 7.3 GHz. MIMO performance parameters: Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) of the proposed antenna are also studied and calculated.
Key Differences and Common Aspects of Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Nagy-Bota Stefan , Moldovan Liviu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Supply chain management and logistics are two concepts between which there may be differences and common aspects. The purpose of this article is to describe the two concepts as well as a comparison between the common aspects and the differences between them. The term logistics is an older term and on the other hand the term of supply chain management refers to several processes. Logistics is an activity in supply chain management. There are many differences between them, but also many common aspects but both are inseparable. Therefore, they do not contradict each other, but complement each other. Supply chain management helps logistics to stay in touch with the transport, warehousing and distribution team.
User Expectation and Benefits of Implementing Artificial Intelligence in the UAE Energy Sector
Authors: Almarashda Hassan Ali Hassan Altaffaq , Baba Ishak Bin , Ramli Azizul Azhar , Memon Aftab Hameed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Energy is one of the most fundamental elements to drive economic development. Therefore, it is a significant element of the economic development of UAE. United Arab Emirates (UAE) is keen to exploit the benefits of AI to deliver clean, secure, affordable energy. Thus this paper studied the benefits and user expectations if AI is adopted in the energy sector. This was achieved through a questionnaire amongst the personnel working in the energy sector. From the analysis of 350 completed questionnaire form, this was found that “AI able to increase employees’ job performance”; “AI able to improve the customer retention” and “AI bring positive impact to the organization” are three significant benefits of AI implementation in energy sector. Similarly, “Using AI Technology fits well with the way I work”, “Interacting with AI Technology is often frustrating” and “Assistance is available if facing difficulty using AI Technology” are three major expectations of the users. Further, the difference of the opinions amongst the respondent groups with different level of working experience and working positions was presented based on comparing means. The findings of this study will encourage the practitioners to implement AI in energy sector. This will also enhance the performance of the energy sector.
Building Information Modeling in Construction Industry of Pakistan: Merits, Demerits and Barriers
Authors: Hussain M. , Memon A. H. , Bachayo A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is much popularized as construction design approach. It is very useful in providing the necessary information for any project before it is built. BIM implementation has demonstrated several merits; however practitioners have also reported some demerits and barriers which restrict the adoption of BIM in the construction industry. This study assessed the merits, demerits and barrier to implementation of BIM in the construction industry of Pakistan. Data collected form 42 practitioners involved in handling construction BIM based construction projects was analyzed statistically with average index method. The results showed that significant merits of the BIM as perceived by the practitioners are BIM helps in improving quality of Work; BIM is useful in controlling time and cost of the project; and helps in achieving client satisfaction. At the same time, the respondents mentioned BIM adds work for the designer and Interoperability as the significant demerits. Assessment regarding the barriers to BIM showed that top 3 common barriers are: lack of competent staff to operate the software; unawareness of the technology; and not ready to distort normal operational structure. These findings will help the practitioner to take necessary measurement for enhancing the implementation of BIM in the construction industry.
Cognitive Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Social Perception
Authors: Kuzior Aleksandra , Kwilinski Aleksy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cognitive technologies and artificial intelligence dynamize the development of the modern world in various spheres. Modern man is not always aware of how often he uses this type of technology, both in everyday life and at work. The conducted literature research has shown a growing interest in the discussed issues. The diagnostic survey allowed the assessment of the level of familiarity with the terms “cognitive technologies” and “artificial intelligence” in the perception of students, doctoral students and employees of a selected university. The auditorium survey technique was used for the research. The research shows that the distance between humans and an intelligent robot is decreasing. A man is inclined to let intelligent robots enter even the most intimate spheres of his life. The article contributes to filling the gap in knowledge about the perception and application of intelligent technologies and the readiness to use them. Furthermore, it sets out further directions for research on this phenomenon.
On the Phenomenon of Literary Empathy
Authors: Shang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, drawing on Husserl, as well as on certain other phenomenologists such as Merleau-Ponty and Richir, I claim that the phenomenon of the apprehension of the perspectives and emotions of literary characters deserves to be called literary empathy. In order to support this claim, I’ll firstly argue that empathy is principally an act of presentification closely related with perception, memory and imagination. Secondly, I’ll argue that literary empathy with literary characters is an imaginative reproduction of the reader’s bodily sedimentations under the instruction offered by the literary text. Thirdly, I’ll argue that through literary empathy, a reader forms a peculiar intersubjective link with the literary character. The subjects in play are thus the real existential “I” and the imagined Other. Asymmetry of existence-positing and lack of interaction do not prevent the imagined characters from exerting an effective influence upon the reader and reconfiguring her actual life.
Special Types of Theft: Terminology and Identification Issues
Authors: Borovskikh R. N. , Brashnina O. A. 
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the correlation of the general concept of “theft” with special types of theft. At present, at the doctrinal and, moreover, the normative level, the question of how to identify a “special type of theft” has not been resolved. The authors attempted to answer the question of how justified the interpretation of the definition of a special type of theft as an independent phenomenon is.It is concluded that special types of theft deserve a separate definition.
Sens et modalité – dans la perspective d’une sémiotique cognitive
Authors: BRANDT Per Aage 
Published: May 2022

Nous distinguons, pour théoriser la constitution cognitive du sens, trois registres proto-sémiotiques : l’iconique, le causal, et le symbolique. Ensuite, nous décrivons l’architecture sémiotique qui permet de les intégrer et ainsi d’obtenir le sens donné par la fonction sémiotique de l’expérience réelle, aspect essentiel du vécu humain. Nous présentons la théorie dynamique du sens modal qui sous-tend la pensée causale et montrons que la conditionnalité est un schématisme inter-modal. Finalement, nous déployons les dynamiques modales selon les domaines sémantiques du monde vécu. Nous fondons nos analyses sur le principe d’une naturalisation cognitive du sens et donc de la sémiotique.
Sémiotique du Code Civil français : entre sémiotique de l’objet et sémiotique du droit
Authors: BITTAR Eduardo C. B. 
Published: May 2022

Cet article examine le Code Civil français selon une perspective duale : l’acte d’écriture et l’objet d’écriture de la loi. La ligne méthodologique suivie est la sémiotique des objets, en lien avec la sémiotique du droit, afin de mettre en évidence les dimensions simultanées d’objet-d’écriture, d’objet-symbole et d’objet-relique. L’acte d’écriture est analysé comme un acte symbolique d’occupation de l’espace. Il rompt le silence et instaure la parole du législateur. De la sorte, le Code symbolise l’une des grandes conquêtes du discours juridique de la modernité. L’actant-objet est saisi par rapport à d’autres objets, mais aussi en interaction avec des sujets. Il représente en effet la source d’un savoir-faire spécifique des juristes dans l’exercice du discours juridique. Au cours de cet article, l’importance et la pertinence du Code nous conduiront à comprendre que son poids historique accroît le pouvoir rhétorique des parties dans les disputes judiciaires, dès lors que la parole du Code est invoquée.