bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammary ductal epithelium controls cold-induced adipocyte thermogenesis
Authors: Santos Luis , Arneson Douglas , Alvarsson Alexandra , Krishnan Karthickeyan , Centzone Alessia , Patel Sanil , Sadeh Shani , Ahn In Sook , Diamante Graciel , Cely Ingrid , Butte Atul , Blanpain Cédric , Stanley Sarah , Lusis Aldons , Yang Xia , Rajbhandari Prashant 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sympathetic activation during cold exposure increases adipocyte thermogenesis via the expression of mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)1. The propensity of adipocytes to express UCP1 is under a critical influence of the adipose microenvironment and varies among various fat depots 2-7. Here we report that cold-induced adipocyte UCP1 expression in a female mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is regulated by mammary gland ductal epithelial cells in the adipose niche. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) show that under cold condition glandular alveolar and hormone-sensing luminal epithelium subtypes express transcripts that encode secretory factors involved in regulating adipocyte UCP1 expression. We term mammary duct secretory factors as “mammokines”. Using whole-tissue immunofluorescence 3D visualization, we reveal previously undescribed sympathetic nerve-ductal points of contact and show that sympathetic nerve-activated mammary ducts limit adipocyte UCP1 expression via cold-induced mammokine production. Both in vivo and ex vivo ablation of mammary ductal epithelium enhances cold-induced scWAT adipocyte thermogenic gene program. The mammary duct network extends throughout most scWATs in female mice, which under cold exposure show markedly less UCP1 expression, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and subcutaneous fat mass loss compared to male mice. These results show a previously uncharacterized role of sympathetic nerve-activated glandular epithelium in adipocyte thermogenesis. Overall, our findings suggest an evolutionary role of mammary duct luminal cells in defending glandular adiposity during cold exposure, highlight mammary gland epithelium as a highly active metabolic cell type, and implicate a broader role of mammokines in mammary gland physiology and systemic metabolism.
Estimation of Monthly Mean Global Solar Radiation Over Semi-arid Region, Kadapa Using Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Sankarayogi Pavankumari , Annareddy Ramanjula Reddy , Awasthi Amit , Gugamsetty Balakrishnaiah , Pulla Sankar Narayana , Yadiki Nazeer Ahammed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To accomplish the best operation of available solar energy, it is important to estimate the incident solar radiation over the specific region. The present study focuses on the estimation of solar radiation by using mathematical modelling. For that purpose, monthly average daily global solar radiations are estimated based on different parameters like minimum and maximum temperature, sunshine hour, and relative humidity. The location selected for this study is Kadapa ((14.47ºN, 78.87º E, and 138m asl) Southern part of India. The study period is from April 2016 to October 2018. The study focuses particularly on models based on the relative sunshine (S/S0) and clearness index (kt). The clearness index and relative sunshine were high in December (1.058±0.002 and 0.968±0.005) and low in July (0.952±0.05 and 0.734±0.072). The estimated clearness index based on sunshine models is best correlated with the calculated clearness index values. In temperature and relative humidity-based models the hybrid parameter-based models are better correlated with the single parameter based-models.
A Details study on: Developing Biodegradable Plastics from Potato starch with enhanced physico-mechanical properties
Authors: Momotaz Farhana , Hasan Naimul , Sarkar Aniruddha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plastic is very much indestructible even after a long period of time in the environment as it is mainly a derivative of strongly bonded long-chain petrochemical-based materials. Nowadays, plastic wastes have become an environmental hazard. However, a Starch based bio plastic can be a solution of this problem. Starch is a natural biopolymer having mainly two types of polymer glucose. In this research work, a biodegradable plastic is developed form potato starch. The advantages of starch-based plastic are its abundance and low cost. However, most of the starch-based materials exhibit very poor physico-mechanical properties like low tensile-tear strength, high stiffness, elongation at break and poor moisture stability. Improvement of starch-based bio-plastic properties is being attempted through starch modification, reinforcements (both organic and inorganic), processing conditions, and use of compatibilizers to develop substitutes for conventional plastics. The physic-mechanical properties of the biodegradable plastic have been ameliorated through some well designed processes. Several tests have been conducted on the biodegradable plastic as well as on the regular plastic in order to make a comparative study between them. Test results showed a very promising start for the biodegradable plastic for becoming the alternative of regular non-biodegradable plastics.
Leaves and roots of in vitro cultured Withania coagulans adopt different pathways for withanolide biosynthesis: a comparative transcriptome study
Authors: Gupta Swati , Bohra Manoj Kumar , Sharma Kalpna , Kachhwaha Sumita , Kothari Shanker Lal , Jain Rohit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Trasncscriptome sequencing of leaves (WcL) and roots (WcR) of micropropagated W. coagulans plantlets was done to identify the putative gens involved in the withanolide biosynthesis under in vitro growth conditions, which produced 8.08 and 6.35 GB of raw reads, assembled into 292,074 and 16,474 high quality (HQ) reads, out of which 267,119 and 15,758 unigenes were identified in WcL and WcR, respectively. Further, 40.6% WcL and 55.05% WcR unigenes were annotated using more than one database. Metabolic process and cellular components were identified as dominant categories in gene ontology. 20,927 WcL and 2,474 WcR unigenes were mapped to different biological pathways. KEGG classification aided in identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of withanolide precursor, 24-methylenecholesterol. All the genes related to withanolide precursor biosynthesis were present only in WcL, indicating de novo biosynthesis of withanolides, while absence of some rate limiting enzymes in WcR suggests biosynthesis of withanolides through salvage pathways. GTs, MTs and CYP450s were identified as putative genes involved in conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to different withanolides. Differential expression of these genes further revealed details of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of tissue-specific withanolides. Further, withanolide profiling through HPLC analysis ascertained the differential biosynthesis and accumulation of withanolides in both the tissues and confirmed salvage biosynthesis of withanolides due to their lesser/negligible quantities in roots. Therefore, the present study can be fruitful for future research and product development of W. coagulans through pathway engineering. Moreover, the SSRs identified in this study can be used in marker assisted breeding and selection of biochemically elite varieties of W. coagulans.
Understanding Flood Damage To Economic Activities In Italy From Post-Event Records
Authors: Galliani Marta , Molinari Daniela , Ballio Francesco , Carisi Francesca , Domeneghetti Alessio , Brath Armando , Menduni Giovanni , Sterlacchini Simone , Zazzeri Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of flood impacts to economic activities is characterized by obstacles like the paucity of available data to characterise the enterprises, the lack of high-quality data to derive new models or validate existing ones, and the high variability of activity types which hampers generalisation. This study contributes at improving knowledge about types and extent of impacts of flood events on economic activities through the analysis of empirical data, focusing on direct damage and with specific reference to the Italian context. The collaboration among different research groups allowed to collect around a thousand of observed damage records after four flood events in Italy: the inundations that occurred in the town of Lodi (Lombardia Region) in 2002, in Sardegna Region in 2013, and in the Emilia-Romagna Region caused by the Secchia (2014) and Enza (2017) Rivers. The analysis of these data lead to a better knowledge of the types of losses suffered by economic activities, to a representation of damage composition and to the computation of reference damage values. Such a result supports the identification of the more vulnerable elements within the business sector as well as the estimation of the order of magnitude of potential damage, orienting modellers’ and decision-makers’ choices.
Reversible Coloring/Decoloring Reactions of Thermochromic Leuco Dyes Controlled by a Macrocyclic Compound Developer
Authors: Sriphal Sanguansak , Saenkham Audchara , Chaodongbung Tawatchai , Wanno Banchob , kaewtong chatthai , Pattavarakorn Datchanee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, we examine macrocyclic compounds to determine whether they can provide a safer replacement and stable complex for BPA in thermochromic dyes. To achieve this objective, a series of macrocyclic compounds, Methyl-N-benzylhexahomo-triazacalix[3]arene (MeAC3), p-Chloro-N-benzylhexahomo-triazacalix[3]arene (ClAC3), α-Cyclodexdrin (a-CD), β-Cyclodexdrin (β-CD). p-tert-Butylthiacalix[4]arene (TC4), Calix[4]arene (C4) and Resorcin[4]arene (RC4) were synthesized. Among these macrocyclic compounds, RC4 was determined to be the most appropriate candidate to replace BPA as the developer material used in thermochromic dyes. In tests of prepared thermochromic dyes, RC4 had results similar to those of BPA, achieving the best protonation/deprotonation equilibria and providing a dark contrast with the thermochromic dye. DFT calculations also showed stable complexes between RC4 and CVL via hydrogen-bond interactions.
Generating Synthetic Mixed-type Longitudinal Electronic Health Records for Artificial Intelligent Applications
Authors: Li Jin , Cairns Benjamin , Li Jingsong , Zhu Tingting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent availability of electronic health records (EHRs) have provided enormous opportunities to develop artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. However, patient privacy has become a major concern that limits data sharing across hospital settings and subsequently hinders the advances in AI. Synthetic data, which benefits from the development and proliferation of generative models, has served as a promising substitute for real patient EHR data. However, the current generative models are limited as they only generate single type of clinical data, i.e., either continuous-valued or discrete-valued. In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) entitled EHR-M-GAN which synthesizes mixed-type timeseries EHR data. EHR-M-GAN is capable of capturing the multidimensional, heterogeneous, and correlated temporal dynamics in patient trajectories. We have validated EHR-M-GAN on three publicly-available intensive care unit databases with records from a total of 141,488 unique patients, and performed privacy risk evaluation of the proposed model. EHR-M-GAN has demonstrated its superiority in performance over state-of-the-art benchmarks for synthesizing clinical timeseries with high fidelity. Notably, prediction models for outcomes of intensive care performed significantly better when training data was augmented with the addition of EHR-M-GAN-generated timeseries. EHR-M-GAN may have use in developing AI algorithms in resource-limited settings, lowering the barrier for data acquisition while preserving patient privacy.
The effect of CARD11 mutation and HBZ expression accelerated lymphoproliferative diseases and formed the pathological basis for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Shimoda Kazuya , Kameda Takuro , Shide Kotaro , Kamiunten Ayako , Kogure Yasunori , Morishita Daisuke , Koya Junji , Tahira Yuki , Akizuki Keiichi , Yokomizo-Nakano Takako , Kubota Sho , Marutsuka Kosuke , Sekine Masaaki , Hidaka Tomonori , Kubuki Yoko , Yoda Akinori , Ohshima Takayuki , Sugiyama Midori , Sashida Goro , Kataoka Keisuke , Ogawa Seishi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In addition to HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), a leukemogenic antisense transcript of HTLV-1, abnormalities of genes involved in TCR-NF-κB signaling such as CARD11 have been detected in about 90% of patients. Utilizing mouse models with T cell-specific CARD11(E626K) expression and/or CD4+ T cell-specific HBZ expression, namely CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre mice, HBZ transgenic (Tg) mice, and CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre;HBZ Tg compound mice, we clarified the effect of these genes on pathogenesis. Both CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre and HBZ Tg mice developed lymphoproliferative disease, and the compound mice showed accelerated disease and increased CD4+ T cells in vivo. CARD11(E626K) and HBZ cooperatively activated the NF-κB non-canonical pathway, IRF4 targets, and cell proliferation. Most of the KEGG and HALLMARK gene sets, which are enriched in acute-type ATL, were also enriched in the compound mice, indicating that these genes cooperatively form the pathological basis for ATL development.
Prevalence, Parents’ Hesitancy, and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children: A Multi-Country Study From the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Khatatbeh Moawiah , Albalas Samir , Khatatbeh Haitham , Momani Waleed , Melhem Omar , Omari Omar Al , Tarhini Zeinab , A’aqoulah Ashraf , Al-Jubouri Mohammed , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Adwan Ghaleb , Altaany Zaid , Nashwan Ayat , Al-Waqfi Khaled , Abuirsheid Lujain , Ayasreh Raghad , Mutairi Mohammed Al , Al-Tammemi Ala'a B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Huge efforts are being made to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic using vaccines. However, willingness to be vaccinated depends on factors beyond the availability of vaccines. The aim of this study was three-folded: to assess the prevalence of children’s vaccination against COVID-19, to explore parents’ attitudes towards children’s vaccination, and to discover the factors associated with parents’ hesitancy towards children’s vaccination in several countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design. A sample of 3744 parents from eight countries, namely, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (KSA), and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), was conveniently approached and surveyed using Google forms. The participants have responded to a 42-item questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographics, children vaccination status, knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, and attitudes towards vaccinating children and the vaccine itself. Results: The prevalence of vaccinated children against COVID-19 was 32% as indicated by the parents. Concerning parents’ attitudes towards vaccines safety, about one third of participants (32.5%) believe that all vaccines are not safe. In the regression analysis, children’s vaccination was significantly correlated with parents’ age, education, occupation, parents’ previous COVID-19 infection, and their vaccination status. Participants aged ≥50 years and those aged 40-50 years had an odds ratio of 17.9 (OR=17.9, CI: 11.16-28.97) and 13.2 (OR=13.2, CI: 8.42-20.88); respectively, for vaccinating their children compared to those aged 18-29 years. Parents who had COVID-19 vaccine were about five folds more likely to vaccinate their children compared with parents who did not receive the vaccine (OR=4.9, CI: 3.12-7.70). The prevalence of children’s vaccination in the participating Arab countries is still not promising. Conclusion: To encourage parents, vaccinate their children against COVID-19, Arab governments should strategize accordingly. Reassurance of the efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine should target the general population using educational campaigns, social media, and official TV and radio channels.
Aphid-ant Relationships: The Role of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Different Chemical Stimuli
Authors: El-Harairy Amged , Borbély Csaba , Jósvai Júlia Katalin , El-Harairy Ahmed Osama , Markó Viktor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In ant-aphid interactions, various aphid species offer honeydew to the ant partner and increase their density by ant attendance, whilst others are never attended by ant species, in which case ants tend to treat them as prey. In this regard, ants should have the capability to distinguish myrmecophile aphid species from not mutualistic species, and consequently mutualistic aphids have to be accepted as partners rather than prey. Based on previous studies it is known that ants use the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) pattern of aphids to distinguish mutualistic and non-mutualistic species, but it is unclear, whether the capability to recognize their partners from mutualistic aphid species is innate or depends on learning. Therefore We investigated the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of four myrmecophile aphid species ( Aphis pomi , Aphis spiraecola , Dysaphis devecta , Dysaphis plantaginea ) using GC-MS. Then we investigated the behaviour of the ants workers ( Lasius niger L., Hymenoptera: Formicidae) towards the different chemical stimuli deriving from the aphids. We applied four treatments: real Aphis pomi individuals; total extract of the CHC profile of Aphis pomi; sucrose solution, and untreated control. The behaviour of the ant workers was different towards the source between the treatments: the real aphid and the sugar solution proved to be the most attractive to the ants, and the presence of pure extract of the individuals is enough to disturb the behaviour of the ants. We provide evidence that the key stimuli of the tending behaviour could be the CHC patterns of the aphids and the CHC profile of aphids tend to be genus-specific. This research will promote further investigations to test the behavior of ant workers towards other species of aphids and treatment combinations.
Bioaugmentation of ensiled Caragana korshinskii Kom. with a rapid start-up Pediococcus acidilactici and cellulases: Fermentation profiles, bacterial community composition and enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Wang Musen , Samaila Usman , Li Fuhou , Bai Jie , Zhang Jiayao , Guo Xusheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Pediococcus acidilactici and an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on fermentation profile, structural carbohydrates degradation, enzymatic saccharification, and dynamics of the bacterial community of Caragana korshinskii silage. Chopped C. korshinskii was either not treated (control) or treated with P. acidilactici (PA) at 100,000 colony-forming units/g fresh weight; Acremonium cellulase (AC) at 0.3 g/kg fresh weight; or a combination of P. acidilactici and Acremonium cellulase (PA+AC). Each treatment was prepared in quadruplicate and ensiled in mini-silo bags for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. After 60 d of ensiling, all additives increased lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations (P < 0.001) and decreased propionic acid, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations (P < 0.001) compared with the control. Meanwhile, the highest lactic and acetic acids and lowest non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P < 0.001) were observed in PA+AC treated silage. In addition, the application of additives decreased the silage pH values during the early-to-mid stage (3 to 30 d) with the PA+AC group having the lowest value. Compared with the control, all treatments increased ferulic acid concentration and degradation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) at 60 d, meanwhile, the highest values (P < 0.05) were obtained from PA+AC silage. PA treatment exhibited a lower performance in the degradation of structural carbohydrates but performed the best in glucose yield and cellulose conversion (P < 0.05). The bacterial community in all silages consisted mainly of P. acidilactici over the entire fermentation process, and the highest abundance of 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase was observed in PA treated-silage at the mid-later stage of ensiling. These results indicate that pretreating C. korshinskii improved its silage quality and potential use as a lignocellulosic feedstock for the production of bio-product and biofuel.
Effect of Pioglitazone on Expression of Interleukin-17A, Toll-like receptor 2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 and Arginase 1 in Alzheimeric-model of rats Brain.
Authors: Jahanshahi Mehrdad , Chari Parisa Rahimi , Memarian Ali , Elyasi Leila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation is actively involved in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and it is one of the primary and permanent features of Alzheimer's disease. PPARγ receptors are widely distributed in the brain and it is very important for learning. Agonists of this receptor such as pioglitazone can have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the effect of pioglitazone (PPARγ pathway agonist) on gene expression of Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin A, inducible nitric oxide synthase 2, and arginase-1 in the hippocampus Alzheimer's model of male rats was investigated.Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of seven. The groups include control, Alzheimer's Sham group scopolamine (3 mg/ kg) +DMSO, and three groups receiving scopolamine+ pioglitazone with doses 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg for 12 days. All injections are intraperitoneal. In the end, hippocampal tissue was extracted to evaluate the expression of the desired genes by Real-time PCR and finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of data.Results: It was observed that the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin A and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 in the Sco+DMSO group increased compared to the control group (except in the arginase-1 gene) and also the gene expression of these factors in the groups receiving pioglitazone decreased compared to the Sco+DMSO (except in the arginase-1 gene).Conclusion: Pioglitazone can decrease the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin A and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 and increase the gene expression of arginase-1 in the rat brain. So pioglitazone is useful for the reduction of inflammation in the brain.
A reference single-cell regulomic and transcriptomic map of cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Chen Dijun , Qu Jiao , Yang Fa , Zhu Tao , Wang Yingshuo , Fang Wen , Ding Yan , Zhao Xue , Qi Xianjia , Xie Qiangmin , Xu Qiang , Xie Yicheng , Sun Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are attractive laboratory animal models that accurately reflect both developmental and pathological features of humans. Here we present a compendium of cell types from the cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis (denoted as ‘Monkey Atlas’) using both single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data at the organism-wide level. The integrated cell map enables in-depth dissection and comparison of molecular dynamics, cell-type composition and cellular heterogeneity across multiple tissues and organs. Using single-cell transcriptomic data, we inferred pseudotime cell trajectories and cell-cell communications to uncover key molecular signatures underlying their cellular processes. Furthermore, we identified various cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and constructed organ-specific gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of single-cell landscapes among mouse, cynomolgus monkey and human, and we showed that cynomolgus monkey has significantly higher degree of cell-type similarity to human than mouse. Taken together, our study provides a valuable resource for NHP cell biology.