bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pre‐post intervention study: Knowledge among parents about child infections and antibiotic use facilitated by maternal and child health nurses
Authors: Hansen Matilde Bøgelund , Rasmussen Ida Scheel , Marloth Tina , Jarløv Jens Otto , Arpi Magnus , Mogensen Dorthe , Jensen Jette Nygaard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate parent's knowledge and beliefs of common infections and antibiotics in children before and after an educational intervention provided by maternal and child health nurses. Second, to investigate sociodemographic differences in parent's knowledge before and following the intervention.DesignA prospective pre‐post intervention study. The intervention consisted of a booklet with information about childhood infections delivered by maternal and child health nurses.MethodsThe study population included 344 parents with a child born during 2017 and residing in three Danish municipalities. Knowledge about infections and antibiotics were collected quantitatively through an online questionnaire before and after the intervention (August 2017–November 2018) and analysed using linear mixed models.ResultsParental knowledge increased after the intervention. Parents with lower education and born in Denmark compared to parents with higher education and born in other countries experienced a higher increase in knowledge from baseline to follow‐up.
Can a structured model of ethical reflection be used to teach ethics to nursing students? An approach to teaching nursing students a tool for systematic ethical reflection
Authors: Jakobsen Lena Marian , Sunde Mæhre Kjersti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses encounter many ethical dilemmas in their practice. The ability to make good ethical decisions is a necessary competence in healthcare professions. International studies call for development and research on various methods to teach healthcare professionals ethics. This article describes an approach for learning how to be aware of and discover ethical dilemmas. By applying experienced narratives from healthcare practice and using question guidelines from a structured ethical model, nursing students learn to discover and find possible solutions for ethical problem in their practice.AimThe aim of this study was to describe second‐ and third‐year nursing students’ experiences by using structured ethical reflection as an approach to increase ethical awareness and deal with ethical decisions.DesignThis study has a descriptive exploratory design. A three‐day ethics seminar was carried out to help students learn how to recognize and explore ethical dilemmas in their practice.Materials and MethodsThe data are collected from questionnaires used to evaluate the ethics seminar where 52 nursing students participated. The questionnaire contained open‐ended and closed questions and was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis.The empirical data were collected by 52 nursing students answering an evaluation questionnaire after the ethics seminar.FindingsFour themes were developed: Becoming aware of ethical dilemmas, Learning ethics by discussing knowledge and experiences with other students, Increased curiosity about ethics as a subject and Understanding the importance of critical ethical reflection work in clinical practice.DiscussionThe process of learning how to understand the ethical principles in real‐life nursing context continues progressing through the bachelor’s program. Using group discussions and discussing examples of ethical dilemmas from practice help the students to a more comprehensive reflection process.ConclusionThe nursing students experienced video lessons, group discussions and the use of a structured reflection model as a valuable approach in learning to recognize ethical dilemmas and how to deal with real‐life ethical dilemmas.
Additional value of advanced ultrasonography in pregnancies with two inconclusive cell‐free DNA draws
Authors: Bardi Francesca , Bet Bo B. , Pajkrt Eva , Linskens Ingeborg H. , Bekker Mireille N. , Sistermans Erik A. , Bilardo Caterina M. , Elvan‐Taşpınar Ayten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the additional value of advanced fetal anatomical assessment by ultrasound in pregnancies with twice inconclusive noninvasive testing (NIPT) due to low fetal fraction (FF).MethodsWe performed a multicenter‐retrospective study between 2017 and 2020 including 311 pregnancies with twice inconclusive NIPT due to low FF ≤ 1%. Women were offered invasive testing and advanced fetal anatomical assessment at ≤18 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound findings, genetic testing, and pregnancy/postnatal outcomes were evaluated.ResultsNinety‐two/311 (29.6%) women underwent invasive testing. Structural anomalies were diagnosed in 13/311 (4.2%) pregnancies (nine at the first scan and four at follow‐up). In 6/13 (46.2%) cases, genetic aberrations were confirmed (one case of Trisomy 13 (detectable by NIPT), two of Triploidy, one of 16q12‐deletion, HCN4‐mutation and UPD(16) (nondetectable by NIPT). Genetic aberrations were found in 4/298 (1.3%) structurallynormal pregnancies (one 47XYY, two microscopic aberrations, one monogenic disorder found postpartum). Structural anomalies in genetically normal fetuses (2.0%) were not more prevalent compared to the general pregnant population (OR 1.0 [0.4–2.2]).ConclusionIn pregnancies with twice inconclusive NIPT due to low FF, fetal structural anomalies are not more prevalent than in the general obstetric population. The detailed anatomical assessment has the added value to detect phenotypical features suggestive of chromosomal/genetic aberrations and identify pregnancies where advanced genetic testing may be indicated.
Fetal thoracic circumference in mid‐pregnancy and infant lung function
Authors: Gudmundsdóttir Hrefna K. , Hilde Katarina , Bains Karen E. S. , Färdig Martin , Haugen Guttorm , LeBlanc Marissa , Nordhagen Live S. , Nordlund Björn , Rehbinder Eva M. , Skjerven Håvard O. , Staff Anne C. , Vettukattil Riyas , Carlsen Karin C. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimImpaired lung function in early infancy is associated with later wheeze and asthma, while fetal thoracic circumference (TC) predicts severity of neonatal lung hypoplasia. Exploring fetal origins of lung function in infancy, we aimed to determine if fetal TC in mid‐pregnancy was associated with infant lung function.MethodsFrom the prospective Scandinavian general population‐based PreventADALL mother–child birth cohort, all 851 3‐month‐old infants with tidal flow‐volume measurements in the awake state and ultrasound fetal size measures at 18 (min–max 16–22) weeks gestational age were included. Associations between fetal TC and time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) were analyzed in linear regression models. To account for gestational age variation, we adjusted TC for simultaneously measured general fetal size, by head circumference (TC/HC), abdominal circumference (TC/AC), and femur length (TC/FL). Multivariable models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal asthma, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, parity, nicotine exposure in utero, and infant sex.ResultsThe infants (47.8% girls) were born at mean (SD) gestational age of 40.2 (1.30) weeks. The mean (SD) tPTEF/tE was 0.39 (0.08). The mean (SD) TC/HC was 0.75 (0.04), TC/AC 0.87 (0.04), and TC/FL 4.17 (0.26), respectively. Neither TC/HC nor TC/AC were associated with infant tPTEF/tE while a week inverse association was observed between TC/FL and tPTEF/tE ( = −0.03, 95% confidence interval [−0.05, −0.007], p = 0.01).ConclusionMid‐pregnancy fetal TC adjusted for fetal head or abdominal size was not associated with tPTEF/tE in healthy, awake 3‐month‐old infants, while a weak association was observed adjusting for fetal femur length.
C${\cal C}$osmological K${\cal K}$rylov C${\cal C}$omplexity
Authors: Adhikari Kiran , Choudhury Sayantan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Krylov complexity (K) from the planar/inflationary patch of the de Sitter space using the two mode squeezed state formalism in the presence of an effective field having sound speed . From our analysis, we obtain the explicit behavior of Krylov complexity (K) and lancoz coefficients () with respect to the conformal time scale and scale factor in the presence of effective sound speed . Since lancoz coefficients () grow linearly with integer n, this suggests that universe acts like a chaotic system during this period. We also obtain the corresponding Lyapunov exponent λ in presence of effective sound speed . We show that the Krylov complexity (K) for this system is equal to average particle numbers suggesting it's relation to the volume. Finally, we give a comparison of Krylov complexity (K) with entanglement entropy (Von‐Neumann) where we found that there is a large difference between Krylov complexity (K) and entanglement entropy for large values of squeezing amplitude. This suggests that Krylov complexity (K) can be a significant probe for studying the dynamics of the cosmological system even after the saturation of entanglement entropy.
Pretreatment with rosavin attenuates PM2.5‐induced lung injury in rats through antiferroptosis via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yilan , Zhao Sijing , Jia Nan , Shen Zherui , Huang Demei , Wang Xiaomin , Wu Yongcan , Pei Caixia , Shi Shihua , He Yacong , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increase the incidence and mortality rates of respiratory disorders. Rosavin is the main chemical component of Rhodiola plants, which exerts anti‐oxidative and antiinflammatory effects. In this research, the potential therapeutic effect of rosavin was investigated by the PM2.5‐induced lung injury rat model. Rats were instilled with PM2.5 (7.5 mg/kg) suspension intratracheally, while rosavin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was delivered by intraperitoneal injection before the PM2.5 injection. It was observed that rosavin could prevent lung injury caused by PM2.5. PM2.5 showed obvious ferroptosis‐related ultrastructural alterations, which were significantly corrected by rosavin. The pretreatment with rosavin downregulated the levels of tissue iron, malondialdehyde, and 4‐hydroxynonenal, and increased the levels of glutathione. The expression of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was upregulated by rosavin, together with other ferroptosis‐related proteins. RSL3, a specific ferroptosis agonist, reversed the beneficial impact of rosavin. The network pharmacology approach predicted the activation of rosavin on the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. LY294002, a potent PI3K inhibitor, decreased the upregulation of Nrf2 induced by rosavin. In conclusion, rosavin prevented lung injury induced by PM2.5 stimulation and suppressed ferroptosis via upregulating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Thermal destruction of PFAS during full‐scale reactivation of PFAS‐laden granular activated carbon
Authors: DiStefano Rebecca , Feliciano Tony , Mimna Richard A. , Redding Adam M. , Matthis John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGranular activated carbon (GAC) is the most widely used and well‐established treatment technology for the removal of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants from drinking water and wastewater. After the GAC has reached the end of its useful service life and become “spent carbon,” it is common practice in industry to thermally treat it in a process known as reactivation. The reactivation process volatilizes and destroys adsorbed contaminants at high temperatures and restores the GAC to a near‐virgin state so that it can be reused. Since the advent of PFAS regulatory actions, questions have arisen about the effectiveness of the reactivation process for the destruction of PFAS given their high thermal stability and the lack of documented study on this new topic. In light of this, a thorough program of testing was carried out at a full‐scale GAC reactivation facility during the reactivation of a load of GAC known to contain adsorbed PFAS. The facility employs a multihearth Herreschoff furnace and a downstream abatement train that includes a thermal oxidizer, spray quench cooler, dry injection scrubber, and baghouse. All inputs and outputs of the system were tested for targeted PFAS compounds and fluoride (total and as hydrogen fluoride). Under typical operating conditions, the system demonstrated both full removal of PFAS compounds from GAC and >99.99% destruction of PFAS compounds through the furnace and abatement system. Additional key findings include: (1) a large portion of the PFAS destruction occurs in the furnace, before the thermal oxidizer; (2) the fluoride mass balance was close to 61.4%; and (3) emission levels were significantly lower than available public data for PFAS manufacturing emissions.
The morphokinetics algorithm based on data from day 5 blastocyst transfer (KIDScoreD5 version 3) is also useful for embryo selection in day 6 blastocyst transfer
Authors: Shioya Masashi , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Sugiura Tomoharu , Fujita Maki , Takahashi Keiichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyze whether the morphokinetics algorithm based on data from day 5 blastocyst transfer (KIDScoreD5 version 3) can predict the pregnancy rate of both day 5 and day 6 blastocyst transfers.MethodsThe relationship between KIDScoreD5 and clinical pregnancy rate was evaluated using the Cochran–Armitage test and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsA positive correlation was observed between the KIDScoreD5 value and clinical pregnancy rate for both day 5 (p = 0.0003) and day 6 blastocysts (p = 0.0019) using the Cochrane–Armitage test. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of KIDScoreD5 for clinical pregnancy was 0.627 (0.575–0.677, p < 0.0001) for day 5 blastocysts and 0.685 (0.571–0.780, p = 0.0009) for day 6 blastocysts. The combined analysis of both day 5 and day 6 blastocysts also showed an AUC of 0.680 (0.636–0.720, p < 0.0001), suggesting that it is possible to select embryos that are more likely to result in pregnancy.ConclusionsKIDScoreD5 could predict pregnancy not only in day 5 blastocysts but also in day 6 blastocysts. When both day 5 and day 6 blastocysts are vitrified, embryo selection by KIDScoreD5 is possible with a high prediction ability of pregnancy.
A framework tool for conceptualizing integrated water resources for sustainable water management
Authors: Borden Carter , Goodwin Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the pressures on water resources are ever increasing, the organization of complex disparate data and scientific information to inform the actions to protect and enhance the resilience of freshwater resources is key for sustainable development and implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM). Methodologies supporting IWRM implementation have largely focused on water management and governance, with less attention to evaluation methods of ecologic, economic, and social conditions. To assist in assessing water resource sustainability, the Integrated Hydro‐Environment Assessment Tool (IHEAT) has been developed to create a framework for different disciplines and interests to engage in structured dialogue. The IHEAT builds on the considerable body of knowledge developed around IWRM and seeks to place this information into a single framework that facilitates the cogeneration of knowledge between managers, stakeholders, and the communities affected by management decisions with the understanding that there is a need to merge expert analysis with traditional knowledge and the lived experience of communities. IHEAT merges the driver‐pressure‐state‐impact‐response (DPSIR) framework, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment's ecosystem services and human well‐being (HWB) framework, sustainability criteria for water resource systems, and water resources indexes and sets of indicators to better understand spatiotemporal interactions between hydrologic, socioeconomic, and ecologic systems and evaluate impacts of disturbances on ecological goods and services and HWB. IHEAT consists of a Conceptual Template (IHEAT‐CT) which provides a systematic framework for assessing basin conditions and guiding indicator selection as well as an Assessment Interface (IHEAT‐AI) for organizing, processing, and assessing analytical results. The IHEAT‐CT, presented herein, is a rapid screening tool that connects water use directly, or through ecosystem goods and services (EGS), to constituents of HWB. Disturbance Templates for eight pressure types, such as land‐use change, climate change, and population growth, are provided to guide practitioners regarding potential changes to landscape elements in the hydrological cycle, impacts on EGS, and societal implications on HWB. The basin screening results in a summary report card illuminating key freshwater ecosystems, the EGS they provide, and potential responses to drivers and pressures acting on the hydrologic system. This screening provides a common understanding by technical and nontechnical parties and provides the foundation for more complex conceptual models should they be required. An indicator list guides the selection of hydrologic, ecologic, economic, and social analytical methods to support IWRM technical input.
Sustainable development via environmental taxes and efficiency in energy: Evaluating trade adjusted carbon emissions
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Zheng Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable development goals are one of the key targets to achieve for many countries across the globe. The current study aims to determine the impact of economic development and global commerce, specifically by considering trade separately, energy efficiency, and environmental levies on consumption‐based carbon emissions (CCO2) for the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020. This research used slope‐heterogeneity and cross‐section dependency to determine the unit root order. To assess the long run and short‐run correlations between variables, the cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags model (CS‐ARDL) is employed, along with an augmented mean group test to ensure robustness. The study found that economic growth and imports are deteriorating, impacting the CCO2 emission of the G‐7 countries, while the exports, energy efficiency and environmental taxes are having a corrective impact on the CCO2 emission. As per the results, focusing on energy efficiency will have a more correcting impact on CCO2 than on the other factors. The augmented mean group model further validates the results.
Nanoparticle‐Based Follistatin Messenger RNA Therapy for Reprogramming Metastatic Ovarian Cancer and Ameliorating Cancer‐Associated Cachexia
Authors: Korzun Tetiana , Moses Abraham S. , Kim Jeonghwan , Patel Siddharth , Schumann Canan , Levasseur Peter R. , Diba Parham , Olson Brennan , Rebola Katia Graziella De Oliveira , Norgard Mason , Park Youngrong , Demessie Ananiya A. , Eygeris Yulia , Grigoriev Vladislav , Sundaram Subisha , Pejovic Tanja , Brody Jonathan R. , Taratula Olena R. , Zhu Xinxia , Sahay Gaurav , Marks Daniel L. , Taratula Oleh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study presents the first messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy for metastatic ovarian cancer and cachexia‐induced muscle wasting based on lipid nanoparticles that deliver follistatin (FST) mRNA predominantly to cancer clusters following intraperitoneal administration. The secreted FST protein, endogenously synthesized from delivered mRNA, efficiently reduces elevated activin A levels associated with aggressive ovarian cancer and associated cachexia. By altering the cancer cell phenotype, mRNA treatment prevents malignant ascites, delays cancer progression, induces the formation of solid tumors, and preserves muscle mass in cancer‐bearing mice by inhibiting negative regulators of muscle mass. Finally, mRNA therapy provides synergistic effects in combination with cisplatin, increasing the survival of mice and counteracting muscle atrophy induced by chemotherapy and cancer‐associated cachexia. The treated mice develop few nonadherent tumors that are easily resected from the peritoneum. Clinically, this nanomedicine‐based mRNA therapy can facilitate complete cytoreduction, target resistance, improve resilience during aggressive chemotherapy, and improve survival in advanced ovarian cancer.
Evaluation of expandable global positioning system collars for white‐tailed deer fawns
Authors: Wesner Zachary G. , Norton Andrew S. , Obermoller Tyler R. , Osborn David A. , D'Angelo Gino J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegrating Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with expandable collars will allow researchers to more accurately and efficiently investigate survival of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns. We tested fit and function of 5 expandable GPS collar prototypes on white‐tailed deer fawns and conducted behavioral observations during the first 12 weeks of life at the Whitehall Deer Research Facility, Athens, Georgia, USA, during 2018–2020. We fitted 46 fawns with 5 prototype collar designs and ear‐tagged 15 control fawns without collars. Prototype collars differed in expandable band materials. Premature expansion and breakage of collar bands composed of cotton and rubber was a problem that resulted in freely moving collars and displacement to the waist of fawns. Fawns retained prototype collar designs with cotton and rubber band materials for a mean 101 (±46 [SD]) and 70 (±37) days, respectively. For 2 collar designs with expandable bands composed of nylon and rubber, fawns retained collars for a mean 246 (±156) and 306 (±99) days, respectively. Vectronic (v1.0 and v2.0; VECTRONIC Aerospace GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and Telonics v2.0 (Telonics Inc., Mesa, AZ, USA) collared fawns were 16–21% less likely to be observed standing compared to uncollared fawns. Bedded Vectronic (v1.0 and v2.0) and Telonics v2.0 collared fawns were 19–28% less likely to be observed with their head up compared to uncollared fawns. Bedded fawns with collars were 11–16% more likely to be observed with their head tilted compared to bedded fawns without collars. Vectronic (v1.0 and v2.0) and Telonics v2.0 collared fawns were 25–34% less likely to exhibit vigilance compared to uncollared fawns, and all collared fawns were 22–37% more likely to exhibit sleeping than uncollared fawns. We recommend that GPS collar designs we evaluated undergo additional modifications before deployment in the field, including improved stitching patterns and threads to facilitate more gradual collar expansion, smaller battery housings and improved weight distribution to mitigate behavioral concerns, and smaller band circumferences to improve collar fit across time.
What Has COVID-19 Taught Us About Democracy? Relational Democracy and Digital Surveillance Technologies
Authors: Ziliotti Elena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat is the best way for democratic societies to experiment with digital surveillance technologies? This chapter contributes to answering this question through the analysis of the relational ideal of democracy. I contend that the relational conception of democracy offers a viable approach to experimentations with new technologies. The relational conception of democracy, which views democracy as a way of life (or culture), supports a deliberative and context-sensitive approach to new digital technologies. To clarify what this approach entails in practice, the chapter discusses the case of South Korea’s introduction of new digital surveillance technologies during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These reflections shed new light on what democracy means and provide us with valuable insights on how to design post-pandemic democracies.