bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its stage transition models
Authors: Lee Young Su , Lee Hee-A , Kim Gil-Hah , Kim Soo-Bin , Kim Dong-Soon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The black cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), is a destructive crop pest worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, and a typical pest damaging plant parts below the soil surface, which requires thorough prediction of target stage for proper managing. This study was conducted to evaluate thermal effect on the development of A. ipsilon using Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris) as larval diet in a wide range of temperatures (10 to 40 ℃) in the laboratory. Temperature significantly affected the development time of eggs, larvae, and pupae of A. ipsilon. Using a linear model between temperature and development rate (1/days), lower threshold temperatures (LT) for eggs, larvae, and pupae were estimated to be 12.1 ℃, 9.6 ℃, and 11.2℃, respectively. Thermal constants (degree days, DD) for eggs, larvae, and pupae stages were 31.3 DD, 342.2 DD, and 181.3 DD, respectively. Thermal constant for each larval instar was also determined suing a common LT of 10.4 ℃: 40.3 DD for eggs, 315.6 DD for total larvae, and 199.6 DD for pupae. Stage transition models for all stages were constructed using two basic components of nonlinear development rate and distribution models to simulate the proportion of individuals shifted from one stage to the next stage. These models will be useful for constructing a population model for A. ipsilon in the future. Furthermore, the variation of development time of A. ipsilon reported in previous studies was discussed using 95% confidence limits of the estimated line of our nonlinear models.
Clinical anatomy of coronoid foramina of mandible and review of its implications in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: S Nyer Firdoose C , AlSaleh Mohamad Mahmoud Awadalla , S Ghousia , Khair Syeda Umul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A foramen in the coronoid process of the human mandible is a recently identified anatomic variant. This anatomical-radiological study aims to explore the variant foramina using cone beam computed tomography while determining its prevalence and evaluating its variability in terms of unilateral, bilateral, or gender predilection and propose the significance of this unique anatomic finding. Mandibular cone beam computed tomography scans from a total of 2,168 patients were evaluated on a prospective and retrospective scale for confirmation of the coronoid foramen after first identification over a panoramic radiograph. The coronoid foramen was found and confirmed in 96 (4.4%) patients. This script identifying the coronoid foramina of mandible becomes requisite research as a foundation for further analysis due to the scarcity of literature on this recent find.
On-Line Monitoring of Oxidation States in a HSS Work Roll During Hot Rolling Using Pulsed Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Wei Chen , Song Shouxu , Li Xiang , Tian Yongting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The quality of rolled products and consumption of rolls are greatly influenced by the oxidation behavior of work roll surface in hot rolling. It is of great significance to improve the quality of rolled products and reduce the consumption of rolls to monitor and evaluate the oxidation states of work rolls in service by non-contact nondestructive inspection technology. In this study, a self-developed test apparatus simulated the high-speed steel (HSS) work roll oxidation in real hot rolling conditions. The interaction mechanism between oxidation and wear of HSS work roll under different conditions was revealed. Furthermore, a set of pulsed eddy current (PEC) nondestructive inspection system was designed and built to evaluate different oxidation states of HSS work roll in service. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) Hilbert transformation was proposed to overcome the problem of mode mixing in mode decomposition of oxidation monitoring signals. At last, the Hilbert marginal spectrum centroid was presented as a characteristic for quantifying the surface oxidation state of work rolls in service.
Research on laparoscopic surgical instrument detection technology based on multi-attention enhanced feature pyramid network
Authors: Wang Xinying , Zhang Yuxuan , Li Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Laparoscopic surgical instruments are difficult in object detection due to their large-scale changes. Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) can effectively solve the multi-scale object detection problem. However, there are still some problems in FPN that limit the full utilization of multi-scale features. By analyzing the design problem of FPN, we propose the Multi-Attention Enhanced Feature Pyramid Network (MAFPN). First, we replace the convolutional block with feature selection module (FSM) that combines channel attention and global attention, which selectively maintains important information and enhances the expressiveness of features at each scale. Second, the global contextual information is captured by the self-attentive augmented fusion module (AAFM), which enriches the high-level feature information in the FPN and enhances the feature fusion effect. Finally, we use Dynamic Convolution Decomposition (DCD) to alleviate the impact of upsampling while enhancing the feature expression ability. Experimental results on the laparoscopic surgical instrument detection dataset m2cai16-tools-locations indicate that when ResNet50 is used as the backbone network, MAFPN improves the baseline network by 1.8 percentage points, to 96.5AP.
Spatial dysregulation of T follicular helper cells impairs vaccine responses in ageing
Authors: Linterman Michelle , Silva-Cayetano Alyssa , Fra-Bido Sigrid , Innocentin Silvia , Lee Jia Le , Webb Louise , Foster William , Burton Alice , Bignon Alexandre , Vanderleyden Ine , Carr Edward , Hill Danika , Denton Alice , Robert Philippe , Meyer-Hermann Michael , Alterauge Dominik , Baumjohann Dirk , Lemos Julia , Espeli Marion , Balabanian Karl 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Vaccination generates long-lived antibody-mediated immunity against (re-)infection. This humoral immunity is derived from memory B cells and long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells via the germinal centre (GC) response. The magnitude and quality of the GC response declines with age, resulting in poor vaccine-induced immunity in older individuals, but the causal factor/s of this age-related decline are unknown. A functional GC requires the co-ordination of multiple cell types across time and space, in particular across its two functionally distinct compartments: the light and dark zones. We identified that the spatial organisation of the GC is altered in ageing, with CXCR4-mediated mislocalisation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the dark zone and a compressed network of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the light zone. By modulating the positioning of Tfh cells in vivo, we found that Tfh cell polarisation is critical for the quality of the antibody response, and, surprisingly, for the expansion of the FDC network upon immunisation. The smaller GC responses and defective FDC expansion in ageing were corrected by provision of Tfh cells that co-localise with FDCs via CXCR5:CXCL13-mediated interaction. This demonstrates that the age-dependent defects in the GC response are reversible and shows that Tfh cells have a dual role in B cell help and facilitating stromal cell responses to vaccines.
Designing of multiple diagnostic primers for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529/BA)
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The world is facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 disease with more than 63 lakh mortalities as of 7th June 2022. Multiple variants and lineages of SARS-CoV-2 were evolved. Recently on 24th November 2021, a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, named Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA, Pango lineage) was reported with a high number of mutations on spike protein and further classified as a variant of concern. It is very critical to detect and diagnose variants timely and effectively. We have designed multiple sets of diagnostic primers and probes specific for the Omicron variant utilizing the spike region. In total, we are providing 24 sets of diagnostic primers for the Real-Time RT-PCR with associated probes. Further, 32 sets of primers were also provided for PCR assays. For all the primers, forward-reverse sequences, start-end, Tm, and product length are also provided. These could be utilized and tested for omicron detection. Similarly, we also provide experimentally employed primer/probe data sets for RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR of omicron variants. We anticipate this effort would be useful for the scientific community and fulfill a much-needed requirement.
Tracing environmental changes according to the spatiotemporal variability of the hydrogeochemical background of springs: a case of Lithuania
Authors: Slavinskienė Gintarė , Satkūnas Jonas , Taminskas Julius , Linkevičienė Rita , Baubinienė Aldona , Arustienė Jurga 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The qualitative status of groundwater is often underestimated. This is because distinguishing trends of hydrogeochemistry variation linked to anthropogenic pressure from natural trends in groundwater is challenging. The study aims to evaluate the effect of the natural processes on the limits of temporal variability of the natural background level (NBL) in springs draining aquifer units with different vulnerabilities. Shallow groundwater samples of eighteen natural springs were investigated. Statistical analysis and geochemical modelling were used. The results showed that the natural temporal variability limits of HCO3−, Na+, K+, Cl− and SO42− in high vulnerability aquifers were narrower than in moderate and low vulnerability aquifers. This pattern was determined by the stronger buffering effect of carbonate equilibrium, sulphate reduction, and dilution processes on the variation of these major ions in high vulnerability aquifers. Meanwhile, natural temporal variability limits of TDS, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in high vulnerability aquifers were wider than in moderate and low vulnerability aquifers. This pattern was related to the stronger buffering effect of ion exchange on the variability limits of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in springs of moderate and low vulnerability aquifer units than the buffering effect of weaker carbonate dissolution and higher dilution intensity on the variability limits of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in springs of high vulnerability aquifer. The results of this research could be helpful for the reasonable integrated management and effective protection of groundwater resources.
Long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Mu Guanzhang , Yue Lei , Sun Haolin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy (PETD) is an evolving technique for spinal disorders. But what comes along with the widespread use of PETD are treatment related side-effects. The evidence regarding the long-term effects of PETD is needed. Our study aimed to fill the knowledge gap of long-term clinical and radiographic effects of PETD on lumbar disc herniation.
Methods
Radiographic and clinical data of patients undergoing TELD in our institution from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively collected. LDH outpatients who had not received surgical treatment during the same period were 1:1 matched by propensity score matching as the conservative group. The radiographic parameters of the two groups at baseline and at the last follow-up (≥ 24 months) were analyzed. For the TELD group, patient-reported clinical outcomes and the incidence of reoperation were analyzed.
Results
A total of 47 patients in the TELD group were included in this study, and 47 patients in the conservative group were matched by propensity score matching. The disc height of the TELD group at the last follow-up was lower than that at the baseline (P < 0.001), and lower than that of the conservative group at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The disc degeneration grade of the TELD group at the last follow-up was greater than that at the baseline, and greater than that of the conservative group at the last follow-up. There was no significant difference in the facet joint degeneration in the TELD group between the baseline and the last follow-up, and between the TELD group and the conservative group at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). The pain intensity and disability score in the TELD group at 3-month follow-up and at the last follow-up were significantly lower than those at the baseline (P < 0.001). Six patients in the TELD group required additional surgery during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
The disc height of the operated level was significantly reduced and the disc degeneration was significantly aggravated in TELD-treated patients at the long-term follow-up; in contrast, the facet joint degeneration did not show significant aggravation. Despite the satisfying therapeutic results, patients undergoing TELD should still be informed of the risk of reoperation.
Immunization with rEmCRT provides protection against Echinococcus multilocularis infection in BALB/c mice
Authors: Chen Lujuan , Cheng Zhe , Xian Siqi , Xu Zhijian , Yan Yan , Chen Jianfang , Wang Yanhai , Zhao Limei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe parasitic zoonosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Identification of the antigens eliciting acquired immunity during infection is important for vaccine development against Echinococcus infection.
Methods
First of all, we predicted the physical and chemical properties and protein structure characteristics of E. multilocularis calreticulin (EmCRT), and then constructed the recombinant plasmid pET28a-EmCRT. Secondly, the constructed recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 and induced to produce recombinant EmCRT (rEmCRT). Then the antigen specificity and the calcium-binding property of rEmCRT was detected. Thirdly, the expression level and distribution of Emcrt gene in PSCs and vesicles were analysed. And the protective immunity induced by rEmCRT immunized mice and the corresponding mechanismwas investigated in the end.
Results
We identified that EmCRT, a ubiquitous protein with Ca2+-binding ability, elicited protective immunity against E. multilocularis infection. EmCRT was found to be expressed on the surface of E. multilocularis larvae as well as in the secreted products of metacestode vesicles and protoscoleces (PSCs). Recombinant EmCRT formulated with Freund’s adjuvant (FA) elicited both IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, with a higher IgG1/IgG2a ratio indicating a predominant Th2 response in vaccinated mice, and stimulated mouse lymphocytes from the spleen to produce high levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, 5, 10) cytokines. The protection was around 43.7% after challenged with E. multilocularis PSCs.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that EmCRT is an immunodominant protein secreted by E. multilocularis larvae and contributes to the induction of partial protective immunity in vaccinated mice against Echinococcus infection. Therefore, EmCRT could be a novel and potential candidate vaccine against AE.
Is the Histologic Finding of Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis (SRIF) Specific for Smoking? Histologic Analysis of 600 Surgical Lung Specimens from Current Smokers, Ex-smokers and Never-Smokers
Authors: Stegenga Andrea , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) and emphysema are histologic manifestations of cigarette smoking in lung parenchyma. In 2010, a histologic finding known as smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) was described in smokers. We undertook this study to determine the specificity of SRIF as a histologic marker of smoking. An H&E-stained slide representative of non-neoplastic lung was selected from 600 consecutive surgically resected lung specimens and assessed for RB, emphysema and SRIF by a pulmonary pathologist blinded to smoking status. Smoking status was retrieved from medical records by another pathologist. The specificity of each histologic finding for smoking status was calculated. There were 600 lungs from 600 patients (309 men, 291 women; mean age 62y, range 6–91) including 444 smokers (88 current, 356 ex) and 156 never-smokers. Sixty-eight cases with SRIF (68/600, 11%) were diagnosed by the pathologist blinded to smoking status; in all 68, the patient was a smoker (current smokers 25; ex-smokers 43; 34 men/34 women, mean age 63y, range 33-82y) with a mean of 46.7 pack-years of smoking (range 7.5-122.5 pack years). Of 139 cases with RB alone, 98 were smokers and 41 were never-smokers. Of 43 patients with emphysema alone, 34 were smokers and 9 were never-smokers. Of 197 cases with RB plus emphysema, 173 were smokers and 24 were never-smokers. The specificity of SRIF for smokers (100%) was higher than RB alone (74%), emphysema alone (94%), and RB plus emphysema (85%). SRIF occurs exclusively in cigarette smokers, and is a more specific smoking-related histologic finding than RB or emphysema.
Interleukins and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Fang , Mi Jiarui , Bai Xiaoyin , Ruan Gechong , Zhang Yu , Yu Kang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and AimsInterleukins (ILs) are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however the direction and causal effects of them susceptibility remain unclear. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to investigate the causal relationship.Materials and MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 10 ILs were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level results of estimates for the associations of NAFLD were obtained from two large multi-centered NAFLD genome-wide association study (2,377 cases and 23,5679 controls). For univariable MR, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was applied, while MR-Egger, Weighted Median and MRPRESSO were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Lastly, we performed meta-analyses with estimates from the two cohorts.ResultsIL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) demonstrated a suggested significant association with an increased risk of NAFLD in both cohorts, with OR 1.435 (95%CI, 1.041–1.977, P = 0.0270) and 1.424 (95%CI, 1.011–2.004, P = 0.0430), respectively. The combined estimate OR 1.430 (95%CI, 1.132–1.807, P = 0.0027). Furthermore, genetically proxied IL-6 and IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6Ra) levels displayed consistent positive trend with an increased risk of NAFLD, although none of them reach suggestive significance. Notably, the pooled estimates were 1.827 (95% CI, 1.328–2.514, P = 0.0002) for IL-6 and 1.098 (95% CI, 1.026–1.176, P = 0.0068) for IL-6Ra, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent positive trend towards the increased NAFLD susceptibility, though none of them achieved statistical significance.ConclusionThe results suggested genetically proxied circulating of IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-6Ra are causally associated with the risk of NAFLD. Moreover, our data highlights the potential targeted measures and drug repurposing strategies in the NAFLD prevention and treatment.
A combined model based on sparrow search optimized BP neural network and Markov chain for precipitation prediction in Zhengzhou City, China
Authors: Guo Nan , Wang Zhaocai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Simulation and prediction of precipitation time series changes are important for revealing global climate change patterns and understanding surface hydrological processes. However, precipitation is influenced by a variety of factors together, showing the characteristics of nonlinear variation patterns. Given that backpropagation (BP) neural network has a strong mapping ability for nonlinear fitting, we consider using BP neural network for precipitation prediction, then use Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to optimize BP network initial threshold and weight information to improve the efficiency of precipitation prediction. To further enhance model predictive performance, the Markov model is employed to predict the residual series of the SSA-BP model, so as to finally construct a combined SSA-BP-Markov model of precipitation. In this paper, the model is used to simulate the rainfall prediction in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China, and to compare and analyze with the other traditional models. The empirical prediction results show that the SSA-BP-Markov model is more accurate and the convergence of the algorithm is better. The model provides a new way of thinking for precipitation prediction and is also useful for predicting precipitation in other regions.
Design and Construction of a Mutant Neurokinin-2 Receptor with Convenient Peptide Cleavage Sites
Authors: Hurrell Craig R. , Donnelly Dan , Findlay John B.C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Protein sequence analysis, computer modelling and recombinant DNA technology were used to design and
construct a mutant human neurokinin-2 receptor containing conveniently placed cleavage sites for V8 protease
and cyanogen bromide. The mutant receptor retains high affinity binding for the native peptide ligand, neurokinin A. 11te engineered receptor should prove to be a useful tool in peptide mapping studies that aim to
determine the point of attachment between the receptor and cross-linked photoactivatable ligands.
A Structural Signature Characteristic of the Calycin Protein Superfamily
Authors: Flower Darren R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
A triumvirate of protein families (the lipocalins, fatty acid-binding proteins, and avidins) together form a
structural superfamily: the calycins. A similar pattern of specific side chain contacts between conserved residues is shown to be characteristic of all three calycin member families. An arginine or lysine (from the last strand of
the β-barrel), forms several potential hydrogen bonds with the main chain carbonyls of a short N-terminal 310­-
like helix and packs across a conserved tryptophan (from the first strand of the β-barrel).