bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among people living with HIV attending a tertiary care clinic in Uganda
Authors: Nalugga Esther Alice , Laker Eva , Nabaggala Maria Sarah , Ddungu Ahmed , Batte Charles , Piloya Theresa , Bongomin Felix 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Overweight and obesity are significantly increasing among people living with HIV (PLWH), contributing to the risk of major adverse cardio-metabolic events. However, little is known on its prevalence among PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we report the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among PLWH in a large tertiary HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, retrospective review of electronic database of all PLWH that attended the Adult Infectious Diseases Institute clinic between November 2018 and April 2019 was conducted. Demographic, body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2] and clinical variables were extracted. Based on BMI, nutritional status was classified as undernutrition (< 18.5kg/m2), normal (≥ 18.5 < 25kg/m2), overweight (≥ 25 < 30kg/m2) and obesity (≥ 30kg/m2). Poisson regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with overweight and obesity.

Results:
Overall, 7,818 participants were included in the analysis, 64% (n = 4,976) were female, with a median age of 44 years (interquartile range (IQR): 36–51) and a median BMI of 24.2 (IQR: 21.2–28.1). The prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was 46% (55% female versus 30% male), obesity 18.2% (24.6% female versus 7.1% male) and overweight 27.8% (30.4% female versus 22.9% male). Factors associated with overweight and obesity were: Females (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1. 8, 95%CI:1.69–1.87), age category 25—59 years (aPR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.63–2.24) and ≥ 60 years (aPR: 1.8, 95%CI:1.49–2.12); duration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 6—10 years (aPR: 1.1, 95%CI:1.08–1.18), CD4 count 200–500 (aPR:0.08, 95%CI:0.01–0.15) and > 500 (aPR:0.46, 95%CI:0.39–0.54) and having at least one noncommunicable disease (NCD) (aPR: 1.1, 95%CI:1.07–1.18).

Conclusion
There is a high burden of overweight and obesity among PLWH in Uganda. Nutrition and weight management programs particularly targeting high risk groups such as females and persons with underlying NCDs should be integrated into HIV care.
Real-World Cost of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Care Among Commercially Insured Individuals in the United States: Effect of Era and Age at Diagnosis
Authors: Turcotte Lucie M. , Watson Dave , Tanner Lynn , Hoover Alex , Gilchrist Laura , Finch Mike , Messinger Yoav H. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Five-year survival is approaching 90%. In efforts to further improve outcomes, it is critical to consider the cost of ALL care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commercial insurance data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse were used to identify patients with ALL, age 1-30 years, diagnosed in 1993-2017 in the United States, with 36 months of continuous insurance coverage. Patients treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation were excluded. Inpatient and outpatient utilization and cumulative reimbursements (inflation-adjusted to December 2020) were computed 8 and 36 months from diagnosis and stratified by age (1-9, 10-12, and ≥ 13 years) as proxies for National Cancer Institute risk groups. Regression models were constructed to assess associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Among 927 patients (median age, 6 years; interquartile range, 3-12 years; 43% female), individuals age ≥ 10 years had 23-25 more inpatient days and 22 more outpatient encounters compared with younger patients. The 36-month median cost was $394,000 (USD) (interquartile range, $256,000-$695,000 [USD]), and 64% of the total cost was incurred during the initial 8 months. The 36-month cost was 1.5-fold higher for those age 10-12 years and 1.7-fold higher for those age ≥ 13 years compared with 1-9 years. The cost for those diagnosed in 2013-2017 was 70% higher compared with 1993-2002, and was not different on the basis of sex, race, or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Older age was associated with higher utilization and cost, and the cost of treatment increased significantly over time. These data provide valuable benchmarks for future studies examining the cost-benefit of ALL therapy modifications.
Azoles resistance of candida species causing vulvo-vaginitis in reproductive age women at a tertiary care setting
Authors: Zaman Ronaq , Ullah Ihsan , Adeeb Humera , Arif Ambreen 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To study prevalence and resistance pattern to azoles of candida species causing vulvovaginitis in reproductive age women.
Methods: Samples were collected from Hayatabad Medical Complex from November 2018 to May 2019. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 369 high vaginal swabs were collected. Candida was isolated by vaginal swabs inoculation on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). Colonies on SDA were inoculated on Candida CHROM agar to identify candida species. Wet film microscopy and Gram staining were performed. Biochemical identification was done with 20C AUX. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods to find the resistance pattern of azole drugs. Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Voriconazole and Itraconazole were the azoles drugs used.
Results: Among 43%(n=158) positive candida cases, 44%(n=85) were non pregnant women while 41%(n=73) were pregnant. The Candida species distribution of 158 isolates was as follow; Candida albicans (C. albicans) 46.2%(n=73), Candida krusei (C. krusei) 29.1%(n=46), Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) 19%(n=30) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) 5.7%(n=9). Overall Candida isolates were highly resistant 72%(n=113) to Fluconazole while least resistant 21.5 % (n=34) to Itraconazole.
Conclusion: C. albicans is the most prevalent specie involved in Vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida species were found to be least resistant to Itraconazole followed by Voriconazole, Miconazole, Clotrimazole and Fluconazole.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5984
How to cite this:Zaman R, Ullah I, Adeeb H, Arif A. Azoles resistance of candida species causing vulvo-vaginitis in reproductive age women at a tertiary care setting. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5984
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Primary graft failure due to a reversed lenticule in Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Kate Anahita , Basu Sayan 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and importance: This report details the clinical features and management in a case of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) which had primary graft failure (PGF) due to an inverted yet attached lenticule. Presentation of case: A 66-year-old gentleman had poor visual recovery in the right eye after undergoing cataract surgery 12 years prior to presentation. The visual acuity was counting fingers and examination revealed endothelial decompensation. The patient underwent a DSAEK and postoperatively had a well attached lenticule. However, the cornea was edematous three weeks after the surgery and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a reversed lenticule. The patient underwent a repeat DSAEK and had an uneventful postoperative course. The visual acuity was 20/40 after 7 months with a clear cornea and a well attached graft. Discussion: PGF is a rare complication following DSAEK which occurs due to poor endothelial function of the donor graft. Insertion of a reversed lenticule may get overlooked as a cause of PGF unless the graft edge profile is examined on an OCT scan. The graft in the current case was well attached despite its inverted position suggesting that graft adherence is perhaps not a function of the corneal endothelial pumps in isolation and may be driven by factors such as the intraocular pressure. Conclusion: A reversed DSAEK lenticule may have normal adherence to the host stroma and must be considered in cases with PGF. OCT of the graft edge is required for diagnosis before performing a repeat keratoplasty.
Prevalence of common mental health problems and associated factors among university students visiting Supara mental health service: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kirdchok Pantri , Kolkijkovin Varuna , Munsukpol Wanida , Chinvararak Chotiman 
Published: September 2022

Background: Early studies found that the mental health problems rate was relatively high in university students. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental problems and associated factors in university students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study at Supara mental health service in the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital between February 2020 to June 2021. The primary outcome was the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The secondary assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 8 items from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess suicidal risk (8Q), and the Thai Mental Health Indicator (TMHI-15). The prevalence of mental health problems was presented by frequency and percentage. In addition, multivariable regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors of mental health problems. Results: A total of 184 participants (62% female; mean age = 22.49 years (SD 3.93) were recruited. The depressive disorders, adjustment disorders, and anxiety disorders rates were 57.1%, 15.2% and 13.6%, respectively. Grade point averages (GPAs) below 3.0 (OR=3.09, 95%CI: 1.17-8.14) and a family history of mental disorder (OR=3.40, 95%CI: 1.10-10.48) were significant associated factors of moderate to severe mental health problems. Detecting and screening these factors may help the university to provide early detection and treatment for students. Conclusions: Depressive disorders were the most common mental health disorders. Females, low GPAs and a family history of mental disorder were predictors of moderate to severe mental health problems.
Effect of botulinum toxin on improving quality of life in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Marzęda Magdalena , Swatko Tomasz , Blicharz Agnieszka , Stachura Tomasz , Kamieniak Maciej , Jarosz Piotr , Kobiałka Izabela 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and purpose: Migraine is a chronic condition affecting up to 10% of the adult population in Poland. Migraine pain is severe and may be accompanied by nausea or vomiting, as well as hypersensitivity to light, sounds or smells. Chronic form of migraine means the occurrence of headache a minimum of 15 days per month, for a period of at least three months, of which eight days or more of pain meet the criteria for migraine pain. The chronic form of migraine is targeted for treatment with botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin secreted by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: The pathogenesis of migraine is still unknown. There are many hypotheses explaining the origin of migraine pain, of which the most plausible seems to be the theory involving the trigeminal nerve system, as well as trigger points in the head and neck area. Their activation leads to the triggering of pain. Botulinum toxin has been used to treat migraine for several years. The only registered drug is Botox, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed in clinical studies. The preparation is administered by injection into the muscles of the head and neck region in cycles with an interval of 12 weeks. Botulinum toxin works by blocking the release of inflammatory and pain mediators from the trigeminal nerve endings.
Summary: Chronic migraine refers to the occurrence of headache for more than half of the month, which significantly reduces the quality of life of people worldwide. Migraine headaches often refractory to pharmacological treatment may respond well to botulinum toxin type A. Therapy should be under the supervision of a neurologist, who will familiarise the patient with the expected effects of botulinum toxin treatment before starting treatment.
Investor Attention and Option Returns
Authors: Choy Siu Kai , Wei Jason 
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the attention effect in the options market. We show that option investors (especially retail investors) buy more calls and puts on both daily winner and loser stocks, and this buying pressure leads to an overvaluation, as shown in subsequent lower hedged returns. The overvaluation is due to a combination of differences of opinion, risk aversion, and margin requirements. The economic magnitude is large. For instance, a zero-financing portfolio involving options on loser stocks renders an alpha of 2.90% per month. Aside from contributing to the broad literature of investor attention versus asset returns, our study also sheds light on an important yet largely neglected topic: the impact of margins on option trading and pricing. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: Financial support from King’s College London, the University of Toronto, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 435-2018-0514] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: Data and the internet appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4557 .
On the Participation, Competition and Welfare at Customer-Intensive Discretionary Service Platforms
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Wang Xiaofang , Gilbert Stephen , Lai Guoming 
Published: September 2022

Problem definition: We investigate the participation, competition, and welfare at platforms that focus on customer-intensive discretionary services, such as healthcare, legal, and business consulting. Academic/practical relevance: Such platforms have recently emerged in practice to provide a venue for independent professionals and service seekers to match online. Methodology: We develop a strategic queueing model, where the platform sets the commission rate, upon which service providers decide participation, service quality, and price, and consumers make service acquisition. Results: First, our study reveals that with heterogeneous consumers, the participating service providers may engage in both price and service competitions if the number of them is either small or large. They compete for attractive consumers in the former and for market share in the latter. In these regions, more service providers joining the platform can result in a lower service price and a higher service quality. Whereas, if the number of participating service providers is intermediate, only service competition arises, so that a higher service quality is associated with a higher service price. Second, we find that in our main model, the platform may set the commission rate sufficiently high to limit the number of participating service providers, so as to prevent intense price competition. In contrast, if the platform also controls the service price, it may set a higher service price and a lower commission rate, which boosts the participation of service providers and improves their service quality. As a result, platform price intervention may not only benefit the platform and the service providers, but also the consumers. Managerial implications: These insights not only complement prior literature, but are also useful for understanding and the design of such service platforms in practice. Funding: X. Wang received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72071204]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1152 .
Characteristics of Kidney Failure Patients in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
Authors: Ihsana Nuni , Yuniasih Dewi , Purwanto Barkah 
Published: September 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of patients at high risk of developing kidney failure. The research subjects were analyzed as many as 57 subjects, showing that male sex (61.4%) suffered more from CKD than women (38.6%). The mean age was 37.84 Â± 16.16 with a median length of Â Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) of 36 months. Our study found 45.6% of the patients had an undergraduate degree, followed by 38.6% of the patients had a high school education. Further analysis is needed with more age groupings so that the characteristics of patients with kidney disease (CKD) can be known in detail from various elements of society.Â
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy in critical COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Sukirto Novi , Arifin Zainul , Sumardi Sumardi , Purwanto Barkah , Mansur Auliya Azisah , Sistharani Naila 
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 pneumonia with critical symptoms causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) which can be severe complications until death. One therapy for Covid-19 critical was to suppress the effects of cytokine storms, which was administered by Mesenchymal Stem Cells therapy. In this case, we will report a case of COVID-19 with a critical patient that was given MSC therapy there were good outcomes in this case which were improvement of the clinical symptoms and prevent death.

ABSTRAK

Pneumonia COVID-19 dengan gejala kritis menyebabkan sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut (ARDS) dan sindrom disfungsi organ multipel (MODS) yang dapat menjadi komplikasi berat hingga kematian. Salah satu terapi kritis Covid-19 adalah menekan efek badai sitokin, yang dilakukan dengan terapi Sel Punca Mesenkim. Dalam kasus ini, kami akan melaporkan kasus COVID-19 dengan pasien kritis yang diberikan terapi MSC ada hasil yang baik dalam kasus ini yaitu perbaikan gejala klinis dan mencegah kematian
Analysis of water quality over non-condensable gases concentration on steam used for sterilization
Authors: Miguel Emerson Aparecido , Laranjeira Paulo Roberto , Ishii Marina , Pinto Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli 
Published: September 2022

Background
Non-condensable gases (NCGs) are all gases that do not undergo liquefaction during the saturated steam sterilization process. During a sterilization cycle, the NCGs presence inside the chamber is one of the biggest threats to the sterilization process compromising process validation and product quality.

Methods
In this work, 170 testing of NCGs concentrations performed between September 2016 and August 2021 were carried out by Orionce Serviços de Metrologia Ltda (Barueri, SP, Brazil), according to EN285:2015 procedure. For steam generation, the types of water used were softened water (SW), one-step reverse osmosis (RO), purified water (PW), and water for injection (WFI). The data obtained were analyzed using Minitab® software, version 18.1, to identify a relationship between the water quality used for steam generation and the concentration of non-condensable gases determined into equipment qualification.

Findings
From total tests performed, 109 tests passed, and 61 tests failed, representing 64.2% and 35.8%, respectively. A higher failure rate was observed in terms of concentration of non-condensable gases in systems that used purified water for steam generation (64.7%), followed by softened water (55.6%), one-step reverse osmosis (42.9%), and water for injection (7.6%).

Conclusion
System processes using WFI for steam generation showed better results for steam quality approvement, in terms of NCGs concentration, compared to softened, purified, or reverse osmosis water treatments in the concentration of non-condensable gases in steam used for sterilization processes of industrial utilities.
A violência Senhorial nas Inquirições Gerais de 1288 e Sentenças de 1290
Authors: Castro Portugal João 
Published: September 2022

A violência atravessa todas as sociedades, presentes e passadas. E em tempos medievos, a violência era percecionada de forma muito diferente da dos nossos dias. A violência em muitos casos era considerada lícita, e até mesmo necessária, pelos homens desses tempos.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a violência de cariz senhorial em Portugal nos finais do século XIII, através dos testemunhos registados nas Inquirições Gerais de 1288 e das respetivas sentenças de 1290. É também um desígnio entender, no contexto das lutas entre os diferentes poderes, se a relação entre o mundo senhorial e as políticas de centralização do poder régio, resultaram em ações violentas. Para tanto analisaram-se as diferentes práticas de violência, as suas justificações, os seus agentes e as suas vítimas, bem como se procurou escrutinar a ação do monarca no controlo da violência, permitindo assim entender as tensões existentes, as suas circunstâncias e as suas intenções.
Palavras-chave: Violência – Inquirições Gerais - Poder Senhorial – Poder régio – Abusos Senhoriais
Wide binary stars with non-coeval components
Authors: Malkov Oleg , Kniazev Alexey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have the estimated masses of components of visual binaries from their spectral classification. We have selected pairs in which the less massive component looks more evolved. Spectral observations of some of these pairs were made, and at least one pair, HD 156331, was confirmed to have components of different ages. Since mass exchange is excluded in wide binaries, it means that HD 156331 can be formed by capture.
Research on fault detection and principal component analysis for spacecraft feature extraction based on kernel methods
Authors: Fu Na , Zhang Guanghua , Xia Keqiang , Qu Kun , Wu Guan , Han Minzhang , Duan Junru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Satellite anomaly is a process of evolution. Detecting this evolution and the underlying feature changes is critical to satellite health prediction, fault early warning, and response. Analyzing the correlation between telemetry parameters is more convincing than detecting single-point anomalies. In this article, principal component analysis method was adopted to downscale the multivariate probability model,

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statistic was checked to determine the data anomaly, without the trouble of threshold setting. After an anomaly was detected, time-domain visualization and dimension reduction methods were introduced to visualize the satellite anomaly evolution, where the dimensions of telemetry or features were reduced and presented in two- or three-dimensional coordinates. Engineering practice shows that this method facilitates the early detection of satellite anomalies, and helps ground operators to respond in the early stages of an anomaly.