bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum trajectory framework for general time-local master equations
Authors: Donvil Brecht , Muratore-Ginanneschi Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaster equations are one of the main avenues to study open quantum systems. When the master equation is of the Lindblad–Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan form, its solution can be “unraveled in quantum trajectories” i.e., represented as an average over the realizations of a Markov process in the Hilbert space of the system. Quantum trajectories of this type are both an element of quantum measurement theory as well as a numerical tool for systems in large Hilbert spaces. We prove that general time-local and trace-preserving master equations also admit an unraveling in terms of a Markov process in the Hilbert space of the system. The crucial ingredient is to weigh averages by a probability pseudo-measure which we call the “influence martingale”. The influence martingale satisfies a 1d stochastic differential equation enslaved to the ones governing the quantum trajectories. We thus extend the existing theory without increasing the computational complexity.
Hidden spin-orbital texture at the $$\overline{{{\Gamma }}}$$-located valence band maximum of a transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor
Authors: Clark Oliver J. , Dowinton Oliver , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed , Sánchez-Barriga Jaime 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFinding stimuli capable of driving an imbalance of spin-polarised electrons within a solid is the central challenge in the development of spintronic devices. However, without the aid of magnetism, routes towards this goal are highly constrained with only a few suitable pairings of compounds and driving mechanisms found to date. Here, through spin- and angle-resolved photoemission along with density functional theory, we establish how the p-derived bulk valence bands of semiconducting 1T-HfSe2 possess a local, ground-state spin texture spatially confined within each Se-sublayer due to strong sublayer-localised electric dipoles orientated along the c-axis. This hidden spin-polarisation manifests in a ‘coupled spin-orbital texture’ with in-equivalent contributions from the constituent p-orbitals. While the overall spin-orbital texture for each Se sublayer is in strict adherence to time-reversal symmetry (TRS), spin-orbital mixing terms with net polarisations at time-reversal invariant momenta are locally maintained. These apparent TRS-breaking contributions dominate, and can be selectively tuned between with a choice of linear light polarisation, facilitating the observation of pronounced spin-polarisations at the Brillouin zone centre for all kz. We discuss the implications for the generation of spin-polarised populations from 1T-structured transition metal dichalcogenides using a fixed energy, linearly polarised light source.
Realizing quantum convolutional neural networks on a superconducting quantum processor to recognize quantum phases
Authors: Herrmann Johannes , Llima Sergi Masot , Remm Ants , Zapletal Petr , McMahon Nathan A. , Scarato Colin , Swiadek François , Andersen Christian Kraglund , Hellings Christoph , Krinner Sebastian , Lacroix Nathan , Lazar Stefania , Kerschbaum Michael , Zanuz Dante Colao , Norris Graham J. , Hartmann Michael J. , Wallraff Andreas , Eichler Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum computing crucially relies on the ability to efficiently characterize the quantum states output by quantum hardware. Conventional methods which probe these states through direct measurements and classically computed correlations become computationally expensive when increasing the system size. Quantum neural networks tailored to recognize specific features of quantum states by combining unitary operations, measurements and feedforward promise to require fewer measurements and to tolerate errors. Here, we realize a quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) on a 7-qubit superconducting quantum processor to identify symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of a spin model characterized by a non-zero string order parameter. We benchmark the performance of the QCNN based on approximate ground states of a family of cluster-Ising Hamiltonians which we prepare using a hardware-efficient, low-depth state preparation circuit. We find that, despite being composed of finite-fidelity gates itself, the QCNN recognizes the topological phase with higher fidelity than direct measurements of the string order parameter for the prepared states.
Lysosomal protein transmembrane 5 promotes lung-specific metastasis by regulating BMPR1A lysosomal degradation
Authors: Jiang Bo , Zhao Xiaozhi , Chen Wei , Diao Wenli , Ding Meng , Qin Haixiang , Li Binghua , Cao Wenmin , Chen Wei , Fu Yao , He Kuiqiang , Gao Jie , Chen Mengxia , Lin Tingsheng , Deng Yongming , Yan Chao , Guo Hongqian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganotropism during cancer metastasis occurs frequently but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that lysosomal protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) promotes lung-specific metastasis in renal cancer. LAPTM5 sustains self-renewal and cancer stem cell-like traits of renal cancer cells by blocking the function of lung-derived bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Mechanistic investigations showed that LAPTM5 recruits WWP2, which binds to the BMP receptor BMPR1A and mediates its lysosomal sorting, ubiquitination and ultimate degradation. BMPR1A expression was restored by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. LAPTM5 expression could also serve as an independent predictor of lung metastasis in renal cancer. Lastly, elevation of LAPTM5 expression in lung metastases is a common phenomenon in multiple cancer types. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism underlying lung-specific metastasis and identify LAPTM5 as a potential therapeutic target for cancers with lung metastasis.
Efficient spatially targeted gene editing using a near-infrared activatable protein-conjugated nanoparticle for brain applications
Authors: Rebelo Catarina , Reis Tiago , Guedes Joana , Saraiva Cláudia , Rodrigues Artur Filipe , Simões Susana , Bernardino Liliana , Peça João , Pinho Sónia L. C. , Ferreira Lino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpatial control of gene expression is critical to modulate cellular functions and deconstruct the function of individual genes in biological processes. Light-responsive gene-editing formulations have been recently developed; however, they have shown limited applicability in vivo due to poor tissue penetration, limited cellular transfection and the difficulty in evaluating the activity of the edited cells. Here, we report a formulation composed of upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with Cre recombinase enzyme through a photocleavable linker, and a lysosomotropic agent that facilitates endolysosomal escape. This formulation allows in vitro spatial control in gene editing after activation with near-infrared light. We further demonstrate the potential of this formulation in vivo through three different paradigms: (i) gene editing in neurogenic niches, (ii) gene editing in the ventral tegmental area to facilitate monitoring of edited cells by precise optogenetic control of reward and reinforcement, and (iii) gene editing in a localized brain region via a noninvasive administration route (i.e., intranasal).
Loss of immunity-related GTPase GM4951 leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without obesity
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Xun Yu , Rong Shunxing , Yan Lijuan , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Keller Katie , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObesity and diabetes are well known risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the genetic factors contributing to the development of NAFLD remain poorly understood. Here we describe two semi-dominant allelic missense mutations (OilyandCarboniferous) ofPredicted gene 4951(Gm4951) identified from a forward genetic screen in mice. GM4951 deficient mice developed NAFLD on high fat diet (HFD) with no changes in body weight or glucose metabolism. Moreover, HFD caused a reduction in the level ofGm4951, which in turn promoted the development of NAFLD. Predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, GM4951 was verified as an interferon inducible GTPase. The NAFLD inGm4951knockout mice was associated with decreased lipid oxidation in the liver and no defect in hepatic lipid secretion. After lipid loading, hepatocyte GM4951 translocated to lipid droplets (LDs), bringing with it hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), which in the absence of GM4951 did not undergo this translocation. We identified a rare non-obese mouse model of NAFLD caused by GM4951 deficiency and define a critical role for GTPase-mediated translocation in hepatic lipid metabolism.
Ritter-type amination of C(sp3)-H bonds enabled by electrochemistry with SO42−
Authors: Zhang Ling , Fu Youtian , Shen Yi , Liu Chengyu , Sun Maolin , Cheng Ruihua , Zhu Weiping , Qian Xuhong , Ma Yueyue , Ye Jinxing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy merging electricity with sulfate, the Ritter-type amination of C(sp3)-H bonds is developed in an undivided cell under room temperature. This method features broad substrate generality (71 examples, up to 93% yields), high functional-group compatibility, facile scalability, excellent site-selectivity and mild conditions. Common alkanes and electron-deficient alkylbenzenes are viable substrates. It also provides a straightforward protocol for incorporating C-deuterated acetylamino group into C(sp3)-H sites. Application in the synthesis or modification of pharmaceuticals or their derivatives and gram-scale synthesis demonstrate the practicability of this method. Mechanistic experiments show that sulfate radical anion, formed by electrolysis of sulfate, served as hydrogen atom transfer agent to provide alkyl radical intermediate. This method paves a convenient and flexible pathway for realizing various synthetically useful transformations of C(sp3)-H bonds mediated by sulfate radical anion generated via electrochemistry.
NHC-Ni(II)-catalyzed cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation
Authors: Huang Jian–Qiang , Yu Meng , Yong Xuefeng , Ho Chun–Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIsocyanides are common compounds in fine and bulk chemical syntheses. However, the direct addition of isocyanide to simple unactivated cyclopropene via transition metal catalysis is challenging. Most of the current approaches focus on 1,1-insertion of isocyanide to M-R or nucleophilc insertion. That is often complicated by the competitive homo-oligomerization reactivity occurring at room temperature, such as isocyanide 1,1-insertion by Ni(II). Here we show a (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) catalyst that enables cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. As shown in the broad substrate scope and a [trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(isocyanide)Br2] crystal structure, the desired cross-reactivity is cooperatively controlled by the high reactivity of the cyclopropene, the sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, and the strong coordination ability of the isocyanide. This direct addition strategy offers aromatic amine derivatives and complements the Dötz benzannulation and Semmelhack/Wulff 1,4-hydroquinone synthesis. Several sterically bulky, fused, and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetric functionalized spiro-ring structures are prepared from those easily accessible starting materials expediently.
Self-powered and flexible piezo-sensors based on conductivity-controlled GaN nanowire-arrays for mimicking rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors
Authors: Waseem Aadil , Abdullah Ameer , Bagal Indrajit V. , Ha Jun-Seok , Lee June Key , Ryu Sang-Wan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman skin contains slowly adaptive (SA) and rapidly adaptive (RA) mechanoreceptors, which respond differently to external stimuli. Based on human tactile perception principles, the fabrication of a self-powered electronic skin (e-skin) that simultaneously mimics SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors is a prime need for robots and artificial prosthetics to interact with the surrounding environment. However, the complex process of merging multimode sensors to mimic SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors hinders their utilization in e-skins. We proposed SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors based on n-type and semi-insulating GaN nanowire arrays. The SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors demonstrated distinguished features such as grasping of objects and detection of their surface textures. Based on piezoelectric sensing principles, the proposed e-skin can simultaneously mimic static and dynamic pressure signals. Mechanoreceptors further detected several stimuli of various pressures with low and high frequencies. The response and reset times showed by SA-mechanoreceptors were 11 and 18 ms under 1-Hz frequency, which are rapid enough for practical e-skin applications.
Smart quantum statistical imaging beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh criterion
Authors: Bhusal Narayan , Hong Mingyuan , Miller Ashe , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A. , León-Montiel Roberto de J. , You Chenglong , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe wave nature of light imposes limits on the resolution of optical imaging systems. For over a century, the Abbe-Rayleigh criterion has been utilized to assess the spatial resolution limits of imaging instruments. Recently, there has been interest in using spatial projective measurements to enhance the resolution of imaging systems. Unfortunately, these schemes require a priori information regarding the coherence properties of “unknown” light beams and impose stringent alignment conditions. Here, we introduce a smart quantum camera for superresolving imaging that exploits the self-learning features of artificial intelligence to identify the statistical fluctuations of unknown mixtures of light sources at each pixel. This is achieved through a universal quantum model that enables the design of artificial neural networks for the identification of photon fluctuations. Our protocol overcomes limitations of existing superresolution schemes based on spatial mode projections, and consequently provides alternative methods for microscopy, remote sensing, and astronomy.
Dissecting the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis towards resilience versus susceptibility to stress-related mood disorders
Authors: Jones Katherine L. , Zhou Mei , Jhaveri Dhanisha J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis in the developmental process of generating and integrating new neurons in the hippocampus during adulthood and is a unique form of structural plasticity with enormous potential to modulate neural circuit function and behaviour. Dysregulation of this process is strongly linked to stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression, and efforts have focused on unravelling the contribution of adult-born neurons in regulating stress response and recovery. Chronic stress has been shown to impair this process, whereas treatment with clinical antidepressants was found to enhance the production of new neurons in the hippocampus. However, the precise role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mediating the behavioural response to chronic stress is not clear and whether these adult-born neurons buffer or increase susceptibility to stress-induced mood-related maladaptation remains one of the controversial issues. In this review, we appraise evidence probing the causal role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the regulation of emotional behaviour in rodents. We find that the relationship between adult-born hippocampal neurons and stress-related mood disorders is not linear, and that simple subtraction or addition of these neurons alone is not sufficient to lead to anxiety/depression or have antidepressant-like effects. We propose that future studies examining how stress affects unique properties of adult-born neurons, such as the excitability and the pattern of connectivity during their critical period of maturation will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which these neurons contribute to functional outcomes in stress-related mood disorders.
A three-year data set of gaseous field emissions from crop sequence at three sites in Germany
Authors: Mallast Janine , Stichnothe Heinz , Kreuter Thomas , Thiel Enrico , Pommer Claudia , Döhler Johannes , Eissner Florian , Kühling Insa , Rücknagel Jan , Pamperin Henning , Augustin Jürgen , Hoffmann Mathias , Simon Anja , Hülsbergen Kurt-Jürgen , Maidl Franz-Xaver , Tauchnitz Nadine , Bischoff Joachim , Böttcher Falk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the StaPlaRes project was to evaluate two innovative techniques of urea fertiliser application and to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All GHG emissions, as well as other gaseous emissions, agronomic and environmental variables were collected for three years (2016/2017–2018/2019) at three experimental field sites in Germany. All management activities were consistently documented. Multi-variable data sets of gas fluxes (N2O and NH3), crop parameters (grain and straw yield, N content, etc.), soil characteristics (NH4-N, NO3-N, etc.), continuously recorded meteorological variables (air and soil temperatures, radiation, precipitation, etc.), management activities (sowing, harvest, soil tillage, fertilization, etc.), were documented and metadata (methods, further information about variables, etc.) described. Additionally, process-related tests were carried out using lab (N2 emissions), pot and lysimeter experiments (nitrate leaching). In total, 2.5 million records have been stored in a Microsoft Access database (StaPlaRes-DB-Thuenen). The database is freely available for (re)use by others (scientists, stakeholders, etc.) on the publication server and data repository OpenAgrar for meta-analyses, process modelling and other environmental studies.
C698R mutation in Lrsam1 gene impairs nerve regeneration in a CMT2P mouse model
Authors: Moiseev Daniel , Wazir Zafar , Liu Donghao , Li Jun , Hu Bo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMissense mutation C694R in the RING domain of the LRSAM1 gene results in a dominantly inherited polyneuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P). We have generated and characterized a Lrsam1C698R knock-in mouse model produced through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Both heterozygous (Lrsam1+/C698R) and homozygous (Lrsam1C698/C698R) knock-in mice exhibited normal motor functions on behavioral tests as well as normal on nerve conduction studies. Axonal density and myelin thickness were not significantly different between mutants and wild-type mice by sciatic nerve morphometric analysis up to 17 months of age. In line with these normal findings, protein–protein interactions between mutant LRSAM1 and RNA-binding proteins (such as FUS and G3BP1) were still present in mouse cells, which differs from the disrupted interactions between these proteins in human CMT2P cells. However, after crush nerve injury, Lrsam1+/C698R mice had a mild, but statistically significant, reduced compound nerve action potential and conduction velocity during recovery. Therefore, C698R mutation results in a mild impaired nerve regeneration in mice. We speculate that repetitive nerve injuries may, at least partially, contribute to the slowly progressive axonal loss in CMT2P.
Depression is a main determinant of health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Jeon Junseok , Lee Yu-Ji , Jang Hye Ryoun , Joo Eun Yeon , Huh Wooseong , Kim Yoon-Goo , Kim Dae Joong , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is associated with adverse outcomes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. We examined the modifiable factors associated with low HRQOL in these patients. We enrolled 141 DKD patients. HRQOL was assessed with the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Low HRQOL was defined as a score > one standard deviation below the mean. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D and HDAS-A, respectively). The patients’ median age was 65 years, and 73% were men. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 8% (n = 11) and 17% (n = 24), respectively. Forty (28%) patients were identified as poor sleepers, and 40 (28%) had low physical activity levels. Anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality were negatively correlated with SF-36 scores. Higher levels of physical activity and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were correlated with higher SF-36 scores, which indicated better health status. Higher depression scores (HADS-D scores) were associated with low HRQOL, independent of factors including age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, eGFR, anemia, sleep quality, anxiety levels, and physical activity levels (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.75). Among the clinical and psycho-physical factors, depression was a main determinant of low HRQOL in DKD patients.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of embryonic and adult endothelial cells allows to rank the hemogenic potential of post-natal endothelium
Authors: Adamov Artem , Serina Secanechia Yasmin Natalia , Lancrin Christophe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for the continuous production of blood cells during life. The transplantation of these cells is one of the most common treatments to cure patient suffering of blood diseases. However, the lack of suitable donors is a major limitation. One option to get HSCs matching perfectly a patient is cellular reprogramming. HSCs emerge from endothelial cells in blood vessels during embryogenesis through the endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics analysis to compare embryonic and post-natal endothelial cells to investigate the potential of adult vasculature to be reprogrammed in hematopoietic stem cells. Although transcriptional similarities have been found between embryonic and adult endothelial cells, we found some key differences in term of transcription factors expression. There is a deficit of expression of Runx1, Tal1, Lyl1 and Cbfb in adult endothelial cells compared to their embryonic counterparts. Using a combination of gene expression profiling and gene regulatory network analysis, we found that endothelial cells from the pancreas, brain, kidney and liver appear to be the most suitable targets for cellular reprogramming into HSCs. Overall, our work provides an important resource for the rational design of a reprogramming strategy for the generation of HSCs.