bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tandem gait test–retest reliability among healthy physically active young adults
Authors: Santo Ashley L. , Joyce Meredith E. , Lynall Robert C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA tandem gait assessment is recommended after concussion. There is limited research examining psychometric properties of tandem gait assessments.ObjectiveTo determine tandem gait test intertrial and 1‐week test–retest reliability. It was hypothesized that the tandem gait test would yield moderate to good reliability, times would improve across trials/sessions, and average scores would have higher reliability.DesignReliability study.SettingResearch laboratory.InterventionsSixty participants (36 females, age: 20.4 ± 1.8 years) completed 10 tandem gait test trials on two occasions.Main Outcome MeasuresDependent variables included number of normal trials (participants stayed on the line, heel and toe touched on every step, and they avoided touching an examiner/object) and times for each trial. We analyzed intertrial reliability using a one‐way analysis of covariance and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and test–retest reliability using dependent samples t‐tests and ICCs.ResultsAt the first testing session, there were significant differences in times across seven trials (F2.44,80.42 = 21.55, p < .001). All trials were faster than the first trial. The second, third, and fifth trial were faster than the previous trial. There was moderately high overall reliability across the first seven trials (ICC2,1 = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.63, 0.87). All times were faster at the second testing session (compared to the first). Most outcomes for the 1‐week test–retest reliability demonstrated at least moderate reliability, including the best times for the first three, four, and five trials; average times for the first four and five trials; and best and average times for all of the participants' normal trials during five and 10 attempted trials.ConclusionsThere are practice effects when administering multiple tandem gait test trials, but scores stabilize after the fifth trial. There are practice effects associated with multiple administrations of the tandem gait test, but outcomes using times for four or five trials have adequate 1‐week test–retest reliability in healthy physically active young adults.
Counting partitions of Gn,1/2$$ {G}_{n,1/2} $$ with degree congruence conditions
Authors: Balister Paul , Powierski Emil , Scott Alex , Tan Jane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor , the Erdős–Renyi random graph, let be the random variable representing the number of distinct partitions of into sets so that the degree of each vertex in is divisible by for all . We prove that if is odd then , and if is even then . More generally, we show that the distribution is still asymptotically Poisson when we require all degrees in to be congruent to modulo for each , where the residues may be chosen freely. For , the distribution is not asymptotically Poisson, but it can be determined explicitly.
Preferential Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Mono‐ and Di‐substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Paul Saikat Ranjan , Saha Poushali , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Dhar Saran , Abdur Rahman S. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of substituted benzimidazoles were synthesized by condensing o‐phenylenediamine with aromatic aldehydes in water using surfactants as catalyst. Mono and disubstituted benzimidazoles were formed preferentially with benzalkonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate respectively. In silico molecular docking study revealed that 1‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole bound strongly with delta, mu and kappa opioid receptors with binding scores of −9.4, −8.7 and −9.9 Kcal/mol respectively. This derivative also possessed highest binding (−9.0 Kcal/mol) against tubulin (binding score of albendazole was −6.4 Kcal/mol). The molecule also showed potential antibacterial activity with MIC50ranging 16–128 μg/ml inin vitroantibacterial assay. Two benzimidazole derivatives showed powerful interaction with cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 (−8.1 and −8.9 Kcal/mol respectively) indicating their high analgesic and anti‐inflammatory potentials. All the compounds produced significant binding (−5.2 to −8.2 Kcal/mol) towards urate oxidase, glutathione reductase and peroxiredoxin. Monosubstituted derivative 4‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenol displayed superior binding (−6.5 Kcal/mol) with glucosamine 6‐phosphate synthase compared to ciprofloxacin (−6.3 Kcal/mol). In PASS analysis, monosubstituted derivatives demonstrated significant drug‐like potential (Pa>0.7). Hence, the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives can be used as potential leads for developing new drugs.
Early career software developers and work preferences in software engineering
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Ahmad Iftikhar , Qayum Fawad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContext: The software engineering researchers and practitioners echoed the need for investigations to better understand the engineers developing software and services. In light of current studies, there are significant associations between the personalities of software engineers and their work preferences. However, limited studies are using psychometric measurements in software engineering.Objective: We aim to evaluate attitudes of early‐stage software engineers and investigate link between their personalities and work preferences.Method: We collected extensive psychometric data from 303 graduate‐level students in Computer Science programs at four Pakistani and one Swedish university using Five‐Factor Model. The statistical analysis investigated associations between various personality traits and work preferences.Results: The data support the existence of two clusters of software engineers, one of which is more highly rated across the board. Numerous correlations exist between personality qualities and the preferred types of employment for software developers. For instance, those who exhibit greater levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, extroversion, and conscientiousness like working on technical activities on a set timetable. Similar relationships between personalities and occupational choices are also evident in the earlier studies. More neuroticism is reported in female respondents than in male respondents. Higher intelligence was demonstrated by those who worked on the “entire development process” and “technical components of the project.”Conclusion: When assigning project tasks to software engineers, managers might use the statistically significant relationships that emerged from the analysis of personality attributes. It would be beneficial to construct effective teams by taking personality factors like extraversion and agreeableness into consideration. The study techniques and analytical tools we use may identify subtle relationships and reflect distinctions across various groups and populations, making them valuable resources for both future academic research and industrial practice.
Numerical modelling of thermal quantities for improving remote laser welding process capability space with consideration to beam oscillation
Authors: Mohan Anand , Ceglarek Dariusz , Auinger Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research aims to explore the impact of welding process parameters and beam oscillation on weld thermal cycle during laser welding. A three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed to simulate the welding process, based on finite element method. The results obtained from the model pertaining to thermal cycle and weld morphology are in good agreement with experimental results found in the literature. The developed heat transfer model can quantify the effect of welding process parameters (i.e. heat source power, welding speed, radius of oscillation, and frequecy of oscillation) on the intermediate performance indicators (IPIs) (i.e. peak temperature, heat-affected zone (HAZ) volume, and cooling rate). Parametric contour maps for peak temperature, HAZ volume, and cooling rate are developed for the estimation of the process capability space. An integrated approach for rapid process assessment, and process capability space refinement, based on IPIs is proposed. The process capability space will guide the identification of the initial welding process parameters window and helps in reducing the number of experiments required by refining the process parameters based on the interactions with the IPIs. Among the IPIs, the peak temperature indicates the mode of welding while the HAZ volume and cooling rate represent weld quality. The regression relationship between the welding process parameters and the IPIs is established for quick estimation of IPIs to replace time-consuming numerical simulations. The application of beam oscillation widens the process capability space, making the process parameter selection more flexible due to the increase in distance from the tolerance boundaries.
MR imaging profile and histopathological characteristics of tumour vasculature, cell density and proliferation rate define two distinct growth patterns of human brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Kiyose Makoto , Herrmann Eva , Roesler Jenny , Zeiner Pia S. , Steinbach Joachim P. , Forster Marie-Therese , Plate Karl H. , Czabanka Marcus , Vogl Thomas J. , Hattingen Elke , Mittelbronn Michel , Breuer Stella , Harter Patrick N. , Bernatz Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Non-invasive prediction of the tumour of origin giving rise to brain metastases (BMs) using MRI measurements obtained in radiological routine and elucidating the biological basis by matched histopathological analysis.

Methods
Preoperative MRI and histological parameters of 95 BM patients (female, 50; mean age 59.6 ± 11.5 years) suffering from different primary tumours were retrospectively analysed. MR features were assessed by region of interest (ROI) measurements of signal intensities on unenhanced T1-, T2-, diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) normalised to an internal reference ROI. Furthermore, we assessed BM size and oedema as well as cell density, proliferation rate, microvessel density and vessel area as histopathological parameters.

Results
Applying recursive partitioning conditional inference trees, only histopathological parameters could stratify the primary tumour entities. We identified two distinct BM growth patterns depending on their proliferative status: Ki67high BMs were larger (p = 0.02), showed less peritumoural oedema (p = 0.02) and showed a trend towards higher cell density (p = 0.05). Furthermore, Ki67high BMs were associated with higher DWI signals (p = 0.03) and reduced ADC values (p = 0.004). Vessel density was strongly reduced in Ki67high BM (p < 0.001). These features differentiated between lung cancer BM entities (p ≤ 0.03 for all features) with SCLCs representing predominantly the Ki67high group, while NSCLCs rather matching with Ki67low features.

Conclusion
Interpretable and easy to obtain MRI features may not be sufficient to predict directly the primary tumour entity of BM but seem to have the potential to aid differentiating high- and low-proliferative BMs, such as SCLC and NSCLC.
Asymptotic Distributions of Covering and Separation Measures on the Hypersphere
Authors: Seri Raffaello 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider measures of covering and separation that are expressed through maxima and minima of distances between points of an hypersphere. We investigate the behavior of these measures when applied to a sample of independent and uniformly distributed points. In particular, we derive their asymptotic distributions when the number of points diverges. These results can be useful as a benchmark against which deterministic point sets can be evaluated. Whenever possible, we supplement the rigorous derivation of these limiting distributions with some heuristic reasonings based on extreme value theory. As a by-product, we provide a proof for a conjecture on the hole radius associated to a facet of the convex hull of points distributed on the hypersphere.
Polydorid species (Annelida: Spionidae) associated with commercially important oyster shells and their shell infestation along the coast of Normandy, in the English Channel, France
Authors: Sato-Okoshi Waka , Okoshi Kenji , Abe Hirokazu , Dauvin Jean-Claude 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polydorid species (Annelida, Spionidae), which inhabit the shells of the commercially important oyster Crassostrea gigas, were investigated along the coast of Normandy, France. Eight species, including five new records for Normandy (Polydora onagawaensis, Polydora websteri, Boccardia pseudonatrix, Boccardia proboscidea, and Boccardiella hamata) and two first records in European waters (P. onagawaensis and B. pseudonatrix), were identified based on morphological, molecular biological, and ecological characteristics. Polydora onagawaensis, which belongs to the Polydora ciliata/websteri complex, was discovered in the shells of wild and suspended cultured oysters, as well as in limestone substrates. In the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI gene sequences, specimens of P. onagawaensis collected from Normandy were grouped together with specimens from the USA into a single clade and were distinguished from the other three lineages that comprised Japanese and USA specimens. Polydora websteri inhabited shells of suspended cultured oysters. Polydora hoplura, Dipolydora giardi, and Dipolydora sp. were observed in shells from the sandy oyster culture grounds. Boccardiella hamata has been found in wild oyster shells from muddy oyster culture grounds. Boccardia pseudonatrix was observed in the shells of both the wild and cultured oysters. Adult and juvenile Boccardia proboscidea were observed in coralline algae, as well as in suspended cultured oysters. Mud tubes were observed to protrude from the outer surface of the shells, and abnormal black and calcareous deposits were secreted on the inner surface of the shells against polydorid penetration.
Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study
Authors: Vieira Sanches Matilde , Freitas Rosa , Oliva Matteo , Mero Angelica , De Marchi Lucia , Cuccaro Alessia , Fumagalli Giorgia , Mezzetta Andrea , Colombo Dugoni Greta , Ferro Monica , Mele Andrea , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Pretti Carlo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, developments in the field of Green Chemistry are focusing on the design of more sustainable and cost-effective solvent alternatives like Ionic Liquids (ILs), bio-based solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints as the following: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. What emerged was a general absence of toxicity of all samples. However, both algal assays showed a certain degree of biostimulation, up to over 100% growth increase in respect to controls with 8 out of 15 compounds tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Despite NADESs-induced negligible toxicity effects to invertebrates, encouraging their labelling as “sustainable” solvents, the liability of their intentional or accidental release into aquatic systems may represent a serious risk in terms of ecosystem functioning impairments.
Transformation Towards Renewable Energy Systems: Evaluating the Role of Development Financing Institutions
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur paper seeks to evaluate the role of development financing institutions (DFIs) in fostering renewable energy transformations. Whereas the conventional approach to renewable energy finance emphasizes the bankability of individual projects, we advance an alternative approach for the role of DFIs in overcoming system-level constraints to enhance renewable energy transformations. We identify four constraints, namely, the incumbent entrenchment of fossil fuels, unmet energy demand of energy-intensive industries, weak production capacity of renewable energies, and lack of supporting infrastructure. We argue that DFIs can potentially address these constraints by setting a mission-driven vision, acting as honest brokers to overcome the incumbent entrenchment, scaling up renewable energy financing to make the cost of renewable energies more competitive, incubating nascent renewable energies, and financing supporting infrastructure. We then select representative DFIs to evaluate the role of DFIs in fostering renewable energy transformations. We find that most sampled DFIs have recently prioritized financing renewable energy, supported pilot projects to achieve demonstration effects, and made investments in complementary infrastructure. Yet few DFIs have achieved the economies of scale to bring down the renewable energy price or shape the policy environment in favor of renewable energy in a manner that can trigger significant transformational change.
Emplaced activism: what-if environmental education attuned to young people’s entanglements with post-industrial landscapes?
Authors: Ivinson Gabrielle Mary , Renold EJ 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCultures that recognise the many forces and memories held in landscape can make important contributions to climate emergency. We argue there is another group which has knowledge to call upon; young people growing up in post-industrial places. In this paper, we draw on over 10 years of research with young people to speculate about the potential of outsider knowledge as the basis for emplaced activism as an original and significantly new approach to environmental education. The first part of the paper presents the argument, concepts and methodology for thinking about environments as lived experience. Next we introduce the place where capitalist and industrial forces are knotted with the distinctive histories of post-industrial communities. Place is explored through stories of the geological and historical legacies of south Wale’s valleys in sections titled: Earth Matters; Industrial Matters; Affective Matters and Matters of Decline. Next, three lines of flight that took off in creative workshops with young people: Troubled Landscapes, Embodied Landscape and Activist Landscapes are presented. Finally, we set out a new approach to environmental education and research by asking what if environmental activism starts from young people’s troubled experiences of living in marginal and forgotten places?
African Studies Keyword:Okà
Authors: Elleh Nnamdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the pursuit of modernization, professors of architecture have adopted methods of teaching and professional practices which colonize building epistemes as exclusively European intellectual property, derived from scientific techniques. Students of architecture in the African academy are aware of this colonial bias, which encourages them to unlearn and to forget their African built environment heritage, and they are calling for inclusive reformed curriculums. Usingokà, an Èkpèyè multidimensional, organic, aesthetic, discursive approach to celebrations and to solving complex problems as an example, Elleh advocates for integrated curriculums that approach the discipline without the ordering/othering distinctions between indigenous and modern built environment knowledge.
Flows, growth rates, and the veering polynomial
Authors: LANDRY MICHAEL P. , MINSKY YAIR N. , TAYLOR SAMUEL J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a pseudo-Anosov flow
$\varphi $
without perfect fits on a closed
$3$
-manifold, Agol–Guéritaud produce a veering triangulation
$\tau $
on the manifold M obtained by deleting the singular orbits of
$\varphi $
. We show that
$\tau $
can be realized in M so that its 2-skeleton is positively transverse to
$\varphi $
, and that the combinatorially defined flow graph
$\Phi $
embedded in M uniformly codes the orbits of
$\varphi $
in a precise sense. Together with these facts, we use a modified version of the veering polynomial, previously introduced by the authors, to compute the growth rates of the closed orbits of
$\varphi $
after cutting M along certain transverse surfaces, thereby generalizing the work of McMullen in the fibered setting. These results are new even in the case where the transverse surface represents a class in the boundary of a fibered cone of M. Our work can be used to study the flow
$\varphi $
on the original closed manifold. Applications include counting growth rates of closed orbits after cutting along closed transverse surfaces, defining a continuous, convex entropy function on the ‘positive’ cone in
$H^1$
of the cut-open manifold, and answering a question of Leininger about the closure of the set of all stretch factors arising as monodromies within a single fibered cone of a
$3$
-manifold. This last application connects to the study of endperiodic automorphisms of infinite-type surfaces and the growth rates of their periodic points.
A variational principle for weighted topological pressure under -actions
Authors: HUO QIANG , YUAN RONG 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet
$k\geq 2$
and
$(X_{i}, \mathcal {T}_{i}), i=1,\ldots ,k$
, be
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions topological dynamical systems with
$\mathcal {T}_i:=\{T_i^{\textbf {g}}:X_i{\rightarrow } X_i\}_{\textbf {g}\in \mathbb {Z}^{d}}$
, where
$d\in \mathbb {N}$
and
$f\in C(X_{1})$
. Assume that for each
$1\leq i\leq k-1$
,
$(X_{i+1}, \mathcal {T}_{i+1})$
is a factor of
$(X_{i}, \mathcal {T}_{i})$
. In this paper, we introduce the weighted topological pressure
$P^{\textbf {a}}(\mathcal {T}_{1},f)$
and weighted measure-theoretic entropy
$h_{\mu }^{\textbf {a}}(\mathcal {T}_{1})$
for
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions, and establish a weighted variational principle as
$$ \begin{align*} P^{\textbf{a}}(\mathcal{T}_{1},f)=\sup\bigg\{h_{\mu}^{\textbf{a}}(\mathcal{T}_{1})+\int_{X_{1}}f\,d\mu:\mu\in\mathcal{M}(X_{1}, \mathcal{T}_{1})\bigg\}. \end{align*} $$
This result not only generalizes some well-known variational principles about topological pressure for compact or non-compact sets, but also improves the variational principle for weighted topological pressure in [16] from
$\mathbb {Z}_{+}$
-action topological dynamical systems to
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions topological dynamical systems.
Efficacy of an aerosol-resistant pepsin powder used in artificial digestion for the detection of Trichinella larvae in meat
Authors: Vasilev S. , Suvajdzic B. , Mitic I. , Sabljic Lj. , Karabasil N. , Sofronic Milosavljevic Lj. , Vasilev D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trichinellosis is an important worldwide foodborne zoonosis. The gold standard test to detect Trichinella spp. larvae in muscle samples of animals intended for human consumption is the artificial digestion method. Handling and dispensing of conventional pepsin powder present significant safety risks for analysts. The use of pepsin powder that is resistant to aerosolization should alleviate these safety concerns. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of an aerosol-resistant pepsin powder to conventional pepsin powder in the artificial digestion method. Proficiency samples of pork diaphragm containing specific numbers of viable Trichinella spiralis larvae were tested in two laboratories. The results revealed that aerosol-resistant pepsin was simple, effective and convenient to use, and showed good solubility and larval recovery that met the requirements of the European Union regulation EU 2015/1375. Overall, the efficacy of the aerosol-resistant pepsin was comparable to the conventional pepsin and safer for analysts.