bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lawyer training as one of his professional duties: general provisions
Authors: Zaborovskyy V. , Fazykosh V. , Semerak O. 
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the issues related to clarifying the essence of the professional duty of a lawyer to improve their skills.
This article examines the different approaches of scholars, as well as reveals the position of the legislator to determine the legal nature of the institute of professional development, which is perceived as one of the defining professional responsibilities of a lawyer. International and regional standards are also analyzed, which are important for the formation of quality national (domestic) standards of organization and activity of the bar.
The position is argued that the improvement of a lawyer’s qualification is one of his defining responsibilities, the consolidation of which is primarily aimed at ensuring the proper implementation of the constitutional right of a person to receive professional legal assistance. Emphasis is placed on the fact that such assistance is impossible without a lawyer with the appropriate set of knowledge and experience in solving the tasks assigned to him, awareness of the specifics of tactics and methods of advocacy, possession of a wide range of both procedural and non-procedural methods of professional assistance.
To achieve this goal, the author used methods typical of legal science. The research was conducted using primarily the system-structural method and the dialectical method of cognition of legal reality.
Based on the study, the author concludes that the continuous and continuous improvement of lawyers’ skills plays an important role in the functioning of the professional bar and is one of the main prerequisites for the successful functioning of the justice system as a whole. as one of the basic principles of the organization of advocacy, which in essence is a mandatory standard of the legal profession.
Extraterritoriality in the application of economic sanctions
Authors: Khodakivska D. 
Published: June 2022

The article covers the issue of extraterritoriality in the application of unilateral economic sanctions.
The article considers the relationship between the theoretical principles of state jurisdiction and legal acts and practice of states in respect of imposing economic sanctions. The jurisdiction of the state imposing sanctions may be territorial, i.e. extend to its territory and to persons who are in it, or extraterritorial, i.e. extend beyond its territory. In the field of economic sanctions, extraterritorial jurisdiction can be exercised on the active nationality, protective, and universality principles. The active nationality principle, i.e. regulation by the state of the conduct of its citizens and legal entities registered in it, is generally accepted and does not cause any objections. The protective principle, based on the need to protect national interests, is actively used by the United States, which provokes criticism. Recently, the universality principle, the imposition of sanctions on persons violating human rights, has become important.
The lawful exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction requires a link between the state and the object of its jurisdiction. In the EU, there is a concept of the “links existing with the EU”, and in the US, there is a concept of the “American element”. The US greatly expands its jurisdiction in respect of economic sanctions by insisting on the existence of the “American element” in cases of foreign legal entities owned or controlled by US persons, using the US financial system, and possessing goods, technologies, or services originating from the US. In the sanctions issue, the EU bases itself solely on the territoriality and active nationality principles and has consistently rejected the US position on the extraterritorial expansion of US sanctions.
It is concluded that despite the opposition, in fact, the United States expands the scope of extraterritorial jurisdiction by national legislation and national practice of its application in the field of economic sanctions.
Understanding obligations in the context of J. Rawls’s theory of justice
Authors: Popovych T. 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the content of the category of obligations according to J. Rawls’s theory of justice. The author emphasizes that in general, the American philosopher divides them into natural duties and obligations. Both groups are requirements for individuals. Obligations include honesty and faithfulness, natural duties are divided into positive and negative. The positive duties include: maintaining justice; mutual assistance; mutual respect. While negative natural duties are: not to harm and not to cause trouble to the innocent.
The thinker calls the fundamental natural duty the duty of justice, which is to obey and uphold the just institutions to which man is attached. The natural duty of justice binds citizens as a whole without requiring freewill actions. The principles of justice, according to J. Rawls, provide a way to distribute the rights and obligations of the main sociopolitical institutions and determine the proper distribution of wealth and forms of social cooperation. The final version of these principles provides the first and second rules of priority as a result of their definition. The first rule is the priority of freedom: fundamental freedoms can be restricted only in the name of general freedom. The second rule of priority is the priority of justice over efficiency and welfare.
In addition, the American scholar focuses on outlining special aspects of obligations in the light of political theory, which include the issue of submission to unjust laws or policies, civil disobedience, rejection of beliefs.
The author of the study concludes that, in general, the concept of obligations according to Rawls’s theory of justice is based on the desire to find the common good for all members of society, covers elements of social contract, and has the attribute of reciprocity.
Experience of using intraosseous access in a multidisciplinary hospital (Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of Kazan, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Koguashvili G. E. , Ganieva L. B. , Berdnikova A. V. , Nurullina V. I. , Alekseeva E. N. , Khakimova G. R. , Nazarova N. V. , Ryabov S. M. , Diyarova L. R. , Timofeeva A. Ya. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan in Kazan is a hospital with 1,180 beds, designed for planned and emergency care throughout the Republic of Tatarstan. In stationary medical institutions there are 5 intensive care units, ambulance transport services with numerous resuscitation vehicles, and an air ambulance service. Every year, more than 10,000 (up to 15,000) planned surgical interventions are performed at the hospital, and almost all patients of varying severity are treated at the institution. As in all world practice, despite the high level of professionalism of nursing staff and doctors, the widespread use of modern peripheral and central venous catheters, ultrasound equipment and other devices to assist in catheterization, the rate of unsuccessful catheterization attempts remains quite high, especially in the emergency segment. medical care.Tasks: systematization of knowledge on intraosseous vascular access (IVA), analysis of the work performed. At the current stage of providing medical care to the pediatric population, our hospital maintains a protocol for vascular access in pediatrics and has developed an internal protocol for intraosseous access to analyze the work done, take into account complications and evaluate its effectiveness.Materials and methods. An analysis was carried out for the installation of intraosseous vascular access for two-year periods, starting from 2015. This article considers the period of 2017–2018, for which the most complete data were collected. During this period, 58 protocols were recorded in children of various age groups with various pathologies in a critical situation.
Focused Issue on Low Back Pain Clinical Research From Early Career Researchers: Delivering the Best Work From the Brightest Minds in Musculoskeletal Research to Help Clinicians Help Patients
Authors: Chiarotto Alessandro , Lee Hopin 
Published: June 2022

Synopsis The July 2022 focused issue of the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy is dedicated to clinical research on low back pain (LBP), a societal and economic health problem that is often underfunded. In this issue, the contribution of early career researchers is substantial and, as a testament, each article has an early career researcher as first and last author. The issue includes 2 literature reviews, 3 research reports, 2 clinical commentaries and 1 viewpoint, addressing timely topics in the field of LBP including the diversity of the LBP population under study, in terms of age, setting, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, methodological topics such as clinimetrics, causal mediation analysis, and evidence synthesis (systematic and narrative) are central to the issue. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(7):412–413. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11385
Discovery and Identification of New Amino Acid-Conjugated Bile Acids by Polarity-Switching Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yan-Zhen , Mei Peng-Cheng , Bai Pei-Rong , An Na , He Jin-Gang , Wang Jie , Zhu Quan-Fei , Feng Yu-Qi 
Published: June 2022

Bile acids (BAs) are a class of vital gut microbiota-host cometabolites, and they play an important role in maintaining gut microbiota-host metabolic homeostasis. Very recently, a new mechanism of BA anabolic metabolism mediated by gut microbiota (BA-amino acid conjugation) has been revealed, which provides a perspective for the research on BA metabolism and gut metabolome. In this study, we established a polarity-switching multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method to mine amino acid-conjugated bile acids (AA-BAs) derived from host-gut microbiota cometabolism. Using the developed method, we discovered and identified 14 types of amino acid conjugations with host BAs for the first time including serine, valine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, aspartic acid, lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, methionine, histidine, arginine, isoleucine, and tryptophan conjugations in mouse and human feces. Moreover, we found that the AA-BA metabolism was closely related to the physiological state of the host. Our findings greatly expand the chemical diversity of gut microbiota-derived AA-BAs and lay a foundation for the study of their specific mechanisms and biological functions.
The need for purine examination on fisherman
Authors: Konoralma Ketrina , Sumampouw Jonas , Sukandar Dyan R , Pinontoan Sabrima PM , Tambuwun Samuel , Sumenge Dionysius 
Published: June 2022

The need for purine check on Fisherman is important because when the fisherman excess consuming highly purine contained in the food in a long rime periode will cause purine metabolism disorder and can lead to purine deposition in joint tissue and sorouding, and finally will become gout arthritis. The uncontrolled of Gout Arthritis will lead to kidney stone, kidney function impaired, and end with kidney failure. Research aims was to analyzes purine effect toward body metabolism functions. Research types using is analytic research with design one sample group to analyzes purine effect toward body metabolism functions on fishermans in Tafure of North Ternate of Moluccas. Population is whole member fishermans groups in Tafure sub district with sex men as amount 55 peoples. Data analyzes use one samples t-Test, research results precentage in the form frequency distribution table with explaining and narration. Research results showed that respondents characteristic most of the attain the age of 26-45 years as much as 29 respondents (53%), had been BMI normal category as amount 46 respondents (84%). Uric acid levels normal is 32 respondents (60%), abnormal as amount 23 repondents (40%), and food consumption habitually high purine. Statistic test results using one samples t-Test showed that age mean 44.49+Std.D 11.460 p0.000<p0.05, BMI mean 22.62_Std.D 2.468 p0.000<p0.05 and uric acid levels mean 6.69+Std.D 1.275 p0.000<p0.05. That’s mean there is influencing between aged and BMI with increasing uric acid levels that food consumption high purine influencing uric acid levels on fishermans in sub district Tafure North Ternate District.
Kekayaan Jenis Lamun Di Pantai Mehong, Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Siahaan Ratna , Tumadang Stevi Devita Euodia , Mertosono Irawaty Alifia 
Published: June 2022

Lamun memiliki fungsi ekologis dan manfaat ekonomi yang penting sehingga perlu dipertahankan. Gangguan terhadap lamun dapat menurunkan fungsi ekologis dan manfaat tersebut. Pantai Mehong memiliki keindahan yang baik untuk wisata. Perubahan peruntukan lahan dan kunjungan wisatawan semakin meningkat dapat mengganggu lamun. Data keanekaragaman hayati lamun dibutuhkan sebagai bahan rujukan bagi pengelolaan Pantai Mehong secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kekayaan jenis lamun di Pantai Mehong, Keamacatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Sangihe, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode jelajah dengan observasi langsung di lapangan digunakan untuk memperoleh data kekayaan jenis lamun.Sebanyak enam jenis lamunditemukan di Pantai Mehong yaitu Cymodocea rotundata,Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Halophilaovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium danThalassodendron ciliatum.Seluruh jenis lamun ditemukan di substart pasir bercampur pecahan karang. Parameter lingkungan salinitas, pH dan suhu tergolong baik untuk mendukung keadiran lamun.
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN ASAM KERANJI (Dialium indum) ACEH SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI
Authors: Lubis Syafrina Sari , Sari Ayu Nirmala , Fahmi M. Haikal , Diningrat Diky Setya 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas fitokimia ekstrak etanol asam keranji (Dialium indum) sebagai antioksidan secara in vitro. Aktivitas antioksidan yang dilakukan dalam beberapa model pengujian antioksidan secara in vitro yaitu menguji aktivitas reduksi radikal bebas DPPH, radikal superoksida, daya pereduksi ferric dan aktivitas hidrogen peroksida. Kapasitas total antioksidan juga ditentukan. Ekstrak etanol asam keranji menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan menghambat DPPH, superoksida dan hidrogen peroksida. Pada penelitian ini juga menunjukkan kemampuan ekstrak etanolasam keranji mengurangi kemampuan dalam mereduksi besi. Kapasitas total antioksidan ekstrak etanol asam keranji17,66 mg/g yang dibandingkan dengan asam askorbat (Vitamin C). Aktivitas antioksidan yang signifikan dari ekstrak etanol Dialium indum diduga disebabkan oleh adanya senyawa Asam, Flavonoid, Fenol, Saponin, Tannin (senyawa Fenolik) dan Triterpenoid yang ditemukan dalam screening fitokimia sebelumnya.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Huwae Gridche , Sumah D , Lilipory M , Jotlely Hery , Nindatu Maria 
Published: June 2022

Hipertensi atau yang sering disebut tekanan darah tinggi adalah tekanan darah peristen dimana tekanan sistoliknya diatas 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastoliknya diatas 90 mmHg. Seledri (Apium graveolens L) merupakan salah satu dari jenis terapi herbal sebagai anti hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian rebusan daun seledri terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kairatu. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan experiment one group pre-post tes design. Sampel yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Terdapat 40 orang responden hipertensi di wilayah di Puskesmas Kairatu. Analisa data dilakukan dengan SPSS dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai t hitung untuk tekanan darah sistole dan tekanan darah diastole p= 0,000 (< α=0,05), maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian air rebusan seledri terhadap penurunan tekanan darah baik sistole maupun diastole pada penderita hipertensi di wilayah Puskesmas Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat.
Utilization Of Activated Charcoal From Nutmeg Shell Waste As An Adsorbent To Improve The Quality Of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Fermentation Method
Authors: Hitijahubessy Hendro 
Published: June 2022

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a form of processed coconut that is widely produced by people in Indonesia. VCO is often called pure coconut oil. VCO with good quality is by fermentation method using yeast. The quality of VCO can be measured by 3 types of analysis: water content, free fatty acids and peroxide number. The results of this analysis will be compared with the standards of the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC). VCO from fermentation method will be combined with the absorption method using nutmeg shell activated charcoal to see if there is a much better quality improvement. The results showed that there was a significant increase in quality with a decrease in the average water content from 0,1665% to 0,1005%. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the average free fatty acid content from 0,4681% to 0,3790% and significant decrease in average peroxide number from 0,1991 meq/kg to 0,0997 meq/kg. The results of the research on three VCO quality standards showed a value that was in accordance with the APCC standard.
IMPLEMENTASI AJARAN TRILOGI KEPEMIMPINAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI SD NEGERI 01 TAWANGMANGU KARANGANYAR
Authors: Nadziroh Nadziroh , Pratomo Wachid , Chairiyah Chairiyah 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi ajaran trilogi kepemimpinan melalui pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SD Tawangmangu 01 KaranganyarPenelitian ini termasuk Penelitian deskriptif Â kualitatif. Sumber data primer atau subjek penelitian adalah Kepala Sekolah, guru, dan siswa, sedangkan sumber data sekunder diperoleh melalui hasil pengamatan (observasi), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti, pedoman observasi, dan pedoman wawancara. Uji keabsahan kredibilitas data menggunakan trianggulasi teknik, sumber dan waktu. Teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan interactive model yaitu pengumpulan data (data collection), reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display), dan penarikan kesimpulan (conclusion drawing).Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) implementasi ajaran Trilogi Kepemimpinan diterapkan dengan memberikan keteladanan, penghargaan, dan tutor sebaya dalam pembelajaran, menanamkan sikap kerja sama, memberikan dorongan moral atau arahan kepada siswa dengan mengajarkan hak dan kewajiban sebagai warga negara serta memberi teladan atau contoh yang baik, dan memberi contoh keteladanan sebagai warga negara yang baik dan memotivasi selalu siswa untuk dapat menjadi warga negara yang baik. (2) Nilai-nilai yang diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran PKn adalah nilai mandiri, disiplin, percaya diri, saling menghormati, menghargai pendapat, toleransi, budi pekerti, dan sopan santun. Nilai kejujuran, tanggung jawab, visi kepemimpinan, dan keteladanan ditanamkan dalam diri siswa. (3) Hambatan implementasi ajaran trilogi kepemimpinan adalah kemampuan siswa yang berbeda dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan oleh guru,Â menghafal materi, dan kesulitan dalam membedakan kegiatan yang dilakukan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai pembelajaran. Siswa hanya bertindak dan bertingkah laku secara alami, tetapi belum dapat membedakan nilai-nilai dari tindakan tersebut. Siswa belum memahami nilai-nilai dalam pembeljaran dan kesulitan dalam menerapkan nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kegiatan belajar di kelas atau dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA
Authors: Djufri Elyas Djufri , Trio Ardhian  
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan rancangan the posttest-only control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kecamatan Galang, Populasi penelitian berjumlah 125 siswa dan sampel berjumlah 64 siswa. Data sikap ilmiah dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode kuesioner dan data hasil belajar IPA dikumpulkan dengan metode tes. Data dianalisis menggunakan MANOVA berbantuan SPSS 20.00 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terdapat perbedaan keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan model pembelajaran konvensional ( p<0,05), (2) terdapat perbedaan keterampilan proses sains dalam pembelajaran IPA secara signifikan antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan model pembelajaran konvensional (p<0.05), (3) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA secara signifikan antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan model pembelajaran konvensional (p<0.05).
Kata Kunci: Inkuiri terbimbing, Keterampilan proses sains, Hasil belajar IPA.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD FISIKA BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING PADA MATERI ELASTISITAS DAN HUKUM HOOKE UNTUK PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 2 BANTUL
Authors: Yutia Nurtanti , Sumardi Yosaphat , Hasanah Daimul 
Published: June 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) fisika berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) tentang elastisitas dan hukum Hooke untu siswa kelas XI di SMA N 2 Bantul, untuk mengetahui kelayakan sebagai bahan dan sumber pembelajaran dan untuk mengetahui tanggapan siswa terhadap LKPD. Riset tersebut adalah Research and Development (R&D) yang dikembangkan oleh Sugiyono. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Validator menyatakan LKPD Sangat Baik dan terbaca Sangat Baik. Respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa LKPD Sangat Baik dan Baik. Dengan demikian, LKPD tersebut layak untuk dijadikan bahan pembelajaran dan bahan ajar.
Kata Kunci: Research and Development, LKPD, Elastisitas dan Hukum Hooke, Contextual Teaching and Learning.
PENERAPAN METODE PERMAINAN POP UP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS PADA MATERI SIKLUS HIDUP BERBAGAI JENIS MAKHLUK HIDUP
Authors: BAROROH UUN LAILA 
Published: June 2022

Meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar pada materi siklus hidup berbagai jenis makhluk hidup pada tema Cita-citaku kelas IV Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Kembangsari kelas IV. Penerapan metode permainan Pop Up dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi siklus hidup berbagai jenis makhluk hidup kelas IV. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang menggunakan metode permainan Pop Up model pembelajaran ini dapat diterima baik oleh siswa hal ini terlihat dengan menunjukkan kenaikan keaktivan dan perasaan senang para siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dari siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Penerapan metode permainan Pop Up juga dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berfikir tingkat tinggi pada siswa kelas IV SD Kembangsari. Persentase bekerjasama dengan teman, mengerjakan tes dengan mandiri, semangat dalam pembelajaran. Pada siklus 1 siswa siswa sudah mampu bekerjasama dengan teman dengan perolehan nilai 73 pada siklus 2 keaktifan siswa meningkat menjadi 101, mengerjakan tes dengan mandiri pada siklus 1 memperoleh nilai 76 pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi 118, dan semangat siswa dalam pembelajaran meningkat dari 70 menjadi 116.