bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three-Dimensional Homogenization Approach for Effective Heat Transport in Thin Porous Media
Authors: Scholz Lena , Bringedal Carina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeat transport through a porous medium depends on the local pore geometry and on the heat conductivities of the solid and the saturating fluid. Through upscaling using formal homogenization, the local pore geometry can be accounted for to derive effective heat conductivities to be used at the Darcy scale. We here consider thin porous media, where not only the local pore geometry plays a role for determining the effective heat conductivity, but also the boundary conditions applied at the top and the bottom of the porous medium. Assuming scale separation and using two-scale asymptotic expansions, we derive cell problems determining the effective heat conductivity, which incorporates also the effect of the boundary conditions. Through solving the cell problems, we show how the local grain shape, and in particular its surface area at the top and bottom boundary, affects the effective heat conductivity through the thin porous medium.
Lifetime prolongation of a wireless charging sensor network using a mobile robot via linear Diophantine fuzzy graph environment
Authors: Prakash Karthikeyan , Parimala Mani , Garg Harish , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEdge networking plays a major part in issues with computer networks and issues with the path. In this article, in linear Diophantine fuzzy (LDF) graphs, we present special forms of linear Diophantine fuzzy bridges, cut-vertices, cycles, trees, forests, and introduce some of their characteristics. Also, one of the most researched issues in linear Diophantine fuzzy sets (LDFS) and systems is the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem, where the arc costs have linear Diophantine fuzzy (LDF) values. In this work, we focus on an MST issue on a linear Diophantine fuzzy graph (LDFG), where each arc length is allocated a linear Diophantine fuzzy number (LDFG) rather than a real number. The LDFN can reflect the uncertainty in the LDFG’s arc costs. Two critical issues must be addressed in the MST problem with LDFG. One issue is determining how to compare the LDFNs, i.e., the cost of the edges. The other question is how to calculate the edge addition to determine the cost of the LDF-MST. To overcome these difficulties, the score function representation of LDFNs is utilized and Prim’s method is a well-known approach for solving the minimal spanning tree issue in which uncertainty is ignored, i.e., precise values of arc lengths are supplied. This technique works by providing more energy to nodes dependent on their position in the spanning tree. In addition, an illustrated example is provided to explain the suggested approach. By considering a mobile charger vehicle that travels across the sensor network on a regular basis, charging the batteries of each sensor node.
Engaging with Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Participatory Methods and Approaches in Research Informing the Development of Health Resources and Interventions
Authors: Freire Kate , Pope Rod , Jeffrey Kate , Andrews Kristen , Nott Melissa , Bowman Tricia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn research, participatory approaches involve engaging in the research with people and empower co-researchers to have a voice. The aim of this review was to synthesize the methods and approaches used to enable children, adolescents, and families to be involved in a participatory approach in research conducted to inform development of health resources and interventions aimed at children and adolescents. Key databases were searched systematically using key word and subject heading searches and included studies were appraised for both methodological quality and sufficiency of reporting of their participatory approach. Findings were synthesized using a critical narrative approach. Among 26 eligible studies, commonly reported participatory approaches involved community-based participatory research, codesign, participatory design, coproduction, and user-centred design. A need was identified to involve co-researchers more in the later stages of participatory approaches. Most studies were of low to moderate methodological quality. A wide variety of methods and activities were used in the studies to enable children to participate in the research, but few studies provided sufficient evidence of their participatory approach. This review concludes that reporting of participatory approaches might benefit from the guidelines that acknowledge the dual nature of participatory approaches as both a research method and an approach that enables action and change.
Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactions used in reactors or cyclotrons, in addition to a theoretical study based on photodisintegration on natural indium for 111Ag production
Authors: El-Azony Khaled M. , Mohamed Nader M. A. , Aloraini Dalal A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProduction routes were recorded on available reactions for 111Ag production from nuclear reactors or cyclotrons using a natural palladium target based on 110Pd(n, γ) and 110pd(d, n) reactions, respectively. natCd(γ, x) based on 110Cd(γ, p) has also been studied as a prospective reaction for the production of 111Ag. Unfortunately, these nuclear reactions are difficult to utilize because, in some cases, they reduce the specific activity of 111Ag. This is a consequence of the stable silver isotopes produced in high concentrations. These isotopes include 107, 109Ag and, in other cases, the high impurity of silver radioisotopes, such as 110m, 106m, 105Ag, that are produced during parallel nuclear reactions. Due to a scarcity of data regarding the (γ, α) reaction, the gamma reaction on natural indium for 111Ag production based on the 115In(γ, α) reaction was calculated. The natIn(γ, α) reaction satisfies the criteria as a possible reaction to produce 111Ag with a sufficient yield and purity as consequence of the high 115In (95.7%) abundance as an enriched form and a relatively soft background caused by the parallel nuclear reactions.
Comparison of EUV Photomask Metrology Between CD-AFM and TEM
Authors: Dai Gaoliang , Hahm Kai , Sebastian Lipfert , Heidelmann Markus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate metrology of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask is a crucial task. In this paper, two different methods for reference EUV photomask metrology are compared. One is the critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM). In the measurements, the contribution of its AFM tip geometry is usually the dominant error source, as measured AFM images are the dilated results of measured structures by the AFM tip geometry. To solve this problem, a bottom-up approach has been applied in calibrating the (effective) AFM tip geometry where the result is traceably calibrated to the lattice constant of silicon crystals. The other is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For achieving measurement traceability, structure features are measured in pairs in TEM images; thus the distance between the structure pair calibrated by a metrological AFM in prior can be applied to determine the magnification of the TEM image. In this study, selected photomask structures are calibrated by the CD-AFM, and then sample prepared and measured by high-resolution TEM nearly at the same location. The results are then compared. Of six feature groups compared, the results agree well within the measurement uncertainty, indicating excellent performance of the developed methodology. This research supports the development of a photomask standard, which is applied as a “reference ruler” with improved low measurement uncertainty in photomask fabs.
Augmented Reality (AR) Supporting Citizen Engagement in Circular Economy
Authors: Katika Tina , Karaseitanidis Ioannis , Tsiakou Dimitra , Makropoulos Christos , Amditis Angelos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproving the public’s awareness of and engagement with sustainable practices is essential for transitioning from a linear to a circular economy (CE). This task is not trivial; however, research into new ways of effectively supporting awareness and engagement, especially in view of digitalization trends, is still missing. In this study, we investigate the ability of augmented reality (AR) technology to improve awareness of CE practices and to engage citizens, inclusively, in the CE approach. Specifically, we report on the development of a novel AR engagement tool and present the results of two studies undertaken using this tool to assess the reliability and validity of this engagement practice. The first study focuses on the citizens of a municipality in Greece, and the second focuses on the general public outside the municipality boundaries. Attributes related to user engagement, such as novelty, aesthetics, perceived usability, endurability, focused attention, self-efficacy, perceived learning, and interest in the topic, were assessed, as were factors affecting these attributes related to the participants’ knowledge of CE principles and exposure to similar technologies. The two studies indicate that the AR engagement tool increased social inclusion and community cohesion and was able to successfully bring CE principles and benefits to the public’s attention. Higher engagement levels were observed in participants who had limited exposure to the concept of CE prior to using the AR tool, and its use was found to improve their confidence and interest in CE. This study aspires to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the use of mobile AR and to support further evidence-based development of digital tools for public awareness and engagement.
Antinociceptive effect of N-acetyl glucosamine in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Mohebbi Ehsan , Molavi Mehdi , Amin Mohamadreza , Amin Bahareh , Sahebkar Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of glucosamine and potential mechanisms of actions in a neuropathic pain model in rats.Methods:Glucosamine (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) was administered via gavage route, 1 day before the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and daily for 14 days (prophylactic regimen), or from days 5 to 14 post-injury (therapeutic regimen), as the indicators of neuropathic pain, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after ligation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. TNF-α protein content was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results:Three days after nerve injury, the threshold of pain was declined among animals subjected to neuropathic pain. Mechanical and cold allodynia, as well as thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by glucosamine (500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) in the prophylactic regimen. However, existing pain was not decreased by this drug. Increased mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-α was significantly reduced in the spinal cord of CCI animals by glucosamine (500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) in the prophylactic regimen. The overall expression of spinal TNF-α was increased by CCI, but this increase was reduced in animals receiving glucosamine prophylactic treatment.Conclusion:Findings suggest that glucosamine as a safe supplement may be a useful candidate in preventing neuropathic pain following nerve injury. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be at least in part responsible for the antinociceptive effects of this drug.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of a dexterous multi-fingered delta robot for object catching
Authors: Kansal Sachin , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis paper presents a new combined 9-DOF [3R-3R-3R] parallel architecture to perform the object catching in the real-time scenario. The architecture design is intended to carry heavy payload objects for the catching. This paper covers modelling the new architecture, kinematics, and dynamic analyses to compute torques/forces at the actuators. The simulation of kinematic and dynamic analysis in MATLAB. Vision sensors, encoders, PID controller, and current limiting are used to perform object catching. The architecture is the only delta robot application designed to catch regular-shaped objects in real-time scenarios.
Merging pruning and neuroevolution: towards robust and efficient controllers for modular soft robots
Authors: Nadizar Giorgia , Medvet Eric , Huse Ramstad Hola , Nichele Stefano , Pellegrino Felice Andrea , Zullich Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed as controllers for robotic agents. Their structure is often complex, with many neurons and connections, especially when the robots have many sensors and actuators distributed across their bodies and/or when high expressive power is desirable. Pruning (removing neurons or connections) reduces the complexity of the ANN, thus increasing its energy efficiency, and has been reported to improve the generalization capability, in some cases. In addition, it is well-known that pruning in biological neural networks plays a fundamental role in the development of brains and their ability to learn. In this study, we consider the evolutionary optimization of neural controllers for the case study of Voxel-based soft robots, a kind of modular, bio-inspired soft robots, applying pruning during fitness evaluation. For a locomotion task, and for centralized as well as distributed controllers, we experimentally characterize the effect of different forms of pruning on after-pruning effectiveness, life-long effectiveness, adaptability to new terrains, and behavior. We find that incorporating some forms of pruning in neuroevolution leads to almost equally effective controllers as those evolved without pruning, with the benefit of higher robustness to pruning. We also observe occasional improvements in generalization ability.
Worth more than 1000 words: how photographs can bolster viewers’ valuing of biodiversity
Authors: Gehlbach Hunter , Robinson Carly D , Vriesema Christine Calderon , Bernal Eduardo , Heise Ursula K 
Published: February 2022

SummaryFor many, declining biodiversity represents an emotionally and psychologically distant ‘cost’ – similar to how a number of people perceive climate change. Using an expectancy-value theory framework, we showed participants photographs that visibly illustrated the threat of biodiversity loss. Specifically, we tested a combination of preregistered and exploratory hypotheses through an online experiment (n = 843) to understand whether viewing photographs of plants and animals (with and without captions) bolstered people’s valuing of biodiversity and willingness to donate to a nature-focused charity relative to a control group. Participants who viewed photographs (without captions) valued biodiversity more and donated more to the nature-focused charity; those who viewed photographs with captions showed similar though more muted (non-statistically significant) effects. Follow-up mediation analyses on the photographs-only participants suggested that the photographs may have catalysed negative emotions that increased valuing of biodiversity and, in turn, increased donations. This study provides preregistered evidence that thoughtfully selected photographs boost people’s valuing of biodiversity and exploratory evidence that the pathway through which that might occur is more likely via negative emotions than through reduced psychological distance. Educators, conservationists, journalists and others may find these results informative as they develop strategies for addressing the acute problem of biodiversity loss.
Lifespan “Changes from Above” in the Standardization of Japanese Regional Dialects: Levels of Grammar, Lexical Properties and Community Characteristics
Authors: Takano Shoji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines sociolinguistic properties of lifespan changes in language use from a non-Western perspective. Based on real-time studies in a change from above context (standardization) and panel surveys of prosody, the paper demonstrates that the stability of individuals’ language use over time varies along the following interwoven factors: (1) levels of grammar; (2) lexical properties; (3) progressive stages of a community in transition; and (4) locally constructed social identities. While segmental phonology and morphosyntax remain intact, lexical accents and vocabulary items tend to change in close linkage to sociolinguistic properties of individual words. Such changes are also motivated by the coexistence of an incoming standard, revitalized traditional dialect, and newly emerging “diaglossic” in-between variants in a community that is shifting to bidialectalism. Lifespan changes could also be community-specific, varying even within a single dialect region between two communities across which the stages of standardization and members’ locally constructed social identities differ.
Human‐in‐the‐Loop Segmentation of Earth Surface Imagery
Authors: Buscombe D. , Goldstein E. B. , Sherwood C. R. , Bodine C. , Brown J. A. , Favela J. , Fitzpatrick S. , Kranenburg C. J. , Over J. R. , Ritchie A. C. , Warrick J. A. , Wernette P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSegmentation, or the classification of pixels (grid cells) in imagery, is ubiquitously applied in the natural sciences. Manual methods are often prohibitively time‐consuming, especially those images consisting of small objects and/or significant spatial heterogeneity of colors or textures. Labeling complicated regions of transition that in Earth surface imagery are represented by collections of mixed‐pixels, ‐textures, and ‐spectral signatures, can be especially error‐prone because it is difficult to reliably unmix, identify and delineate consistently. However, the success of supervised machine learning (ML) approaches is entirely dependent on good label data. We describe a fast, semi‐automated, method for interactive segmentation of N‐dimensional (x, y, N) images into two‐dimensional (x, y) label images. It uses human‐in‐the‐loop ML to achieve consensus between the labeler and a model in an iterative workflow. The technique is reproducible; the sequence of decisions made by human labeler and ML algorithms can be encoded to file, so the entire process can be played back and new outputs generated with alternative decisions and/or algorithms. We illustrate the scientific potential of segmentation of imagery of diverse settings and image types using six case studies from river, estuarine, and open coast environments. These photographic and non‐photographic imagery consist of 1‐ and 3‐bands on regular and irregular grids ranging from centimeters to tens of meters. We demonstrate high levels of agreement in label images generated by several labelers on the same imagery, and make suggestions to achieve consensus and measure uncertainty, ideal for widespread application in training supervised ML for image segmentation.
The Influence of Precipitation Phase Changes on the Recharge Process of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Cold Season Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Guodong , He Yongli , Huang Jianping , Guan Xiaodan , Wang Xiaoxia , Hu Huancui , Wang Shanshan , Xie Yongkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate warming has affected the land surface and atmospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), resulting in a series of hydrological changes, such as atmospheric wetting and decreasing terrestrial water storage (TWS). According to Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data, TWS higher than 2,500 m over the TP significantly decreased during the 1979–2019 period, with a more enhanced trend in the cold season. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of global warming on the discharge process in the warm season, such as glacier melting, increasing runoff and decreasing snow cover. The changes in atmospheric moisture recharge in the cold season and its contribution to decreasing TWS remain unclear. Based on the time scale, the hydrological process can be divided into slow (snowfall and evaporation) and fast (rainfall and runoff) processes. Our results suggest that the TWS changes in the cold season are dominated by slow processes. Cold‐season warming over the TP can increase the atmospheric melting level height (MLH), leading to a transition from snowfall to rainfall. Consequently, the decreasing snowfall and increasing evaporation induced by warming result in a net decrease in atmospheric recharge to the TWS. A quantified contribution of the fast and slow processes to the TWS changes in the cold season indicates that the slow processes play a dominant role over most of the TP, except for the Hexi, Inner, Qaidam, Yangtze, and Yellow Basins. Decreasing atmospheric recharge could accelerate the decrease in TWS, which motivates further investigation to better predict the hydrological response.
Early Weight Loss in Adolescent Weight Management: The Role of the Home Environment
Authors: Darling Katherine E. , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. , Putt Geoffrey E. , Sato Amy F. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Successful weight loss early in treatment is a key factor for long-term weight management success in adolescence. Yet prior research has not examined factors in the home environment related to risk for increased weight status as potential predictors of early weight management success. The primary goal of the present study was to explore the impact of modifiable household factors on baseline weight status and early weight status change among adolescents participating in an outpatient weight management program to identify clinical targets of early intervention. Method: Parents of adolescents ( N = 188) presenting to an interdisciplinary weight management clinic within a children’s hospital completed measures at initial presentation. Objective adolescent weight status was collected at baseline and 2-month follow-up ( n = 97). Results: Household chaos was significantly associated with weight status at presentation to the clinic, F(3, 181) = 3.85, p = .011. Similarly, household chaos was the only unique predictor of weight change from baseline to 2 months, F(3, 92) = 3.03 p = .033. Conclusions: Household factors, particularly household chaos, have often been overlooked in the adolescent obesity literature but are likely key contributors to early intervention response in a clinical weight management. This study highlights the importance of assessing and intervening on chaos in the household as higher levels of chaos may negatively impact early treatment outcomes among adolescents with obesity. Implications for Impact Statement The present study suggests that household chaos may be a key modifiable factor impeding adolescent weight loss early in treatment. Although not often considered in prior research, chaos may serve as a key target for future weight management interventions to promote improved outcomes during adolescence.