bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
99%—Efficient, interleaved bidirectional DC‐DC converter with new interleaved PWM method of parallel‐connected Mosfets
Authors: Berrehil El Kattel Menaouar , Carvalho Lobato Gideon Igor , Maia Thales Alexandre Carvalho , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new high efficiency interleaved pulse‐width modulation (HE‐IPWM) method using parallel‐connected Mosfets is presented. The IPWM is evaluated using a bidirectional DC‐DC converter for charging and discharging a battery. The results show an excellent DC voltage gain without an extremely large duty cycle. Compared with conventional pulse‐width modulation (CPWM), the IPWM reduces by half the ripple of the battery current. The current ripple of IPWM is four times higher of the switching frequency, while CPWM is two times higher. The proposed interleaved strategy also double the inductor current ripple frequency, whereas in general, is equal to the switching frequency. As a result, the use of the IPWM reduces the weight and size of inductor design. Furthermore, IPWM provides the best battery current ripple at the duty cycle close to 25%. The operating stage, mathematical analyses, and design guidelines of the two proposed modulations are explained in detail. The IPWM experimental results of a 250‐W prototype confirmed the circuit performance. The maximum efficiency of 98.9% is obtained at 250 W for boost mode and 99% for buck mode.
Learning to like triangles: A longitudinal investigation of evaluative conditioning in infancy
Authors: Doyle Frances L. , Klein Louis , Kemp Lindsay J. , Moul Caroline , Richmond Jenny L. , Eapen Valsamma , Frick Paul J. , Kimonis Eva R. , Hawes David J. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Mehta Divya , Dadds Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is tentative evidence that infants can learn preferences through evaluative conditioning to socioemotional stimuli. However, the early development of evaluative conditioning and the factors that may explain infants’ capacity to learn through evaluative conditioning are not well understood. Infants (N = 319; 50.2% boys) participated in a longitudinal study where an evaluative conditioning paradigm using socioemotional stimuli was conducted on two occasions (when infants were 7 and 14 months old, on average). We tested whether repeatedly pairing neutral stimuli (triangular and square shapes) with affective stimuli (angry and happy faces) affects infants’ preferences for these shapes. At both timepoints, the majority of infants did not choose the shape that was paired with happy faces, indicating that, in general, learning through evaluative conditioning was not present. However, as expected, individual differences were evident such that infants who spent more time fixating on faces compared to shapes (face‐preferrers) during the conditioning trials were significantly more likely than non‐face‐preferrers to choose the shape paired with happy faces, and this effect strengthened with increasing age.
Imprints of latitude, host taxon, and decay stage on fungus‐associated arthropod communities
Authors: Koskinen Janne S. , Abrego Nerea , Vesterinen Eero J. , Schulz Torsti , Roslin Tomas , Nyman Tommi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInteractions among fungi and insects involve hundreds of thousands of species. While insect communities on plants have formed some of the classic model systems in ecology, fungus‐based communities and the forces structuring them remain poorly studied by comparison. We characterize the arthropod communities associated with fruiting bodies of eight mycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus species from three different orders along a 1200‐km latitudinal gradient in northern Europe. We hypothesized that, matching the pattern seen for most insect taxa on plants, we would observe a general decrease in fungal‐associated species with latitude. Against this backdrop, we expected local communities to be structured by host identity and phylogeny, with more closely related fungal species sharing more similar communities of associated organisms. As a more unique dimension added by the ephemeral nature of fungal fruiting bodies, we expected further imprints generated by successional change, with younger fruiting bodies harboring communities different from older ones. Using DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod communities from fungal fruiting bodies, we found that latitude left a clear imprint on fungus‐associated arthropod community composition, with host phylogeny and decay stage of fruiting bodies leaving lesser but still‐detectable effects. The main latitudinal imprint was on a high arthropod species turnover, with no detectable pattern in overall species richness. Overall, these findings paint a new picture of the drivers of fungus‐associated arthropod communities, suggesting that latitude will not affect how many arthropod species inhabit a fruiting body but, rather, what species will occur in it and at what relative abundances (as measured by sequence read counts). These patterns upset simplistic predictions regarding latitudinal gradients in species richness and in the strength of biotic interactions.
Effects of 4‐Oxo‐2‐nonenal on biochemical properties of bovine heart mitochondria
Authors: Mohan Anand , Kafle Deepak , Singh Rakesh K. , Hung Yen‐Con 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of lipid peroxidation products 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE) and 4‐oxo‐2‐nonenal (4‐ONE) were evaluated using bovine heart mitochondria. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ultrastructure, antioxidant activity, and membrane permeability were examined to compare their effects on isolated mitochondria from beef cardiac muscle. For the mitochondrial morphology, the final concentration of mitochondria and 4‐ONE or 4‐HNE in the reaction tube were 10 mg/ml and 1 mM, respectively. For the OCR experiment, mitochondria (2.5 mg/ml) were incubated with 0.20 mM ONE or in a Clark electrode chamber at 25°C. Mitochondrial membrane permeability was determined by incubating 0.5 mg/ml of mitochondrial protein with either 0.05 mM ONE or HNE or ethanol control at pH 5.6 and 7.4 at 25°C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the size of 4‐ONE treated mitochondria at pH 7.4 increased (p < .05), as did permeability (p < .05), unlike ethanol controls. However, mitochondria incubated with 4‐ONE at pH 5.6 showed a decrease in volume (p < .05). Incubating mitochondria with 4‐ONE at pH 5.6 and pH increased oxygen consumption rate 7.4 caused less oxygen consumption than either 4‐HNE treatment or ethanol control. The hydrogen peroxide assay (H2O2), ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP), and 2,2’‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+) assays revealed that 4‐ONE is a more potent inhibitor of the endogenous antioxidant system of mitochondria than 4‐HNE (p < .05).
Chronic stress promotes an immunologic inflammatory state and head and neck cancer growth in a humanized murine model
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Awan Musaddiq J. , Frei Anne , Petrie Ellie , Sharma Guru Prasad , Shreenivas Aditya , Shukla Monica , Himburg Heather A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of immune response and environmental stress on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes, no current pre‐clinical stress model includes a humanized immune system.MethodsWe investigated the effects of chronic stress induced by social isolation on tumor growth and human immune response in subcutaneous HNC tumors grown in NSG‐SGM3 mice engrafted with a human immune system.ResultsTumor growth (p < 0.0001) and lung metastases (p = 0.035) were increased in socially isolated versus control animals. Chronic stress increased intra‐tumoral CD4+ T‐cell infiltrate (p = 0.005), plasma SDF‐1 (p < 0.0001) expression, and led to tumor cell dedifferentiation toward a cancer stem cell phenotype (CD44+/ALDHhigh, p = 0.025).ConclusionsChronic stress induced immunophenotypic changes, increased tumor growth, and metastasis in HNC in a murine model with a humanized immune system. This model system may provide further insight into the immunologic and oncologic impact of chronic stress on patients with HNC.
Actein contributes to black cohosh extract‐induced genotoxicity in human TK6 cells
Authors: Le Yuan , Li Xilin , Chen Si , Ning Kylie G. , Guo Xiaoqing , Wu Charles G. , Manjanatha Mugimane G. , Mei Nan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBlack cohosh extract (BCE) is one of the most popular botanical products for relieving menopausal symptoms. However, recent studies indicate that BCE is not only ineffective for menopausal therapy but also induces genotoxicity through an aneugenic mode of action (MoA). In this study, the cytotoxicity of five constituents of BCE was evaluated in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Among the five constituents, actein (up to 50 μM) showed the highest cytotoxicity and was thus selected for further genotoxicity evaluations. Actein caused DNA damage proportionally to concentration as evidenced by the phosphorylation of the histone protein H2A.X (γH2A.X) and resulted in chromosomal damage as measured by the increased percentage of micronuclei (%MN) in cells. In addition, actein activated DNA damage response (DDR) pathway through induction of p‐ATM, p‐Chk1, and p‐Chk2, which subsequently induced cell cycle changes and apoptosis. Moreover, both BCE and actein increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased glutathione levels, and activated the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. N‐acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, attenuated BCE‐ and actein‐induced ROS production, apoptosis, and DNA damage. These findings indicate that BCE‐ and actein‐induced genotoxicity is mediated, at least partially, through oxidative stress. Taken together, our data show that actein is likely one of the major contributors to BCE‐induced genotoxicity.
A new synthetic route for the preparation of 2,2′,5′‐trimethyl‐7‐oxo‐4,7‐dihydro‐[6,7′‐bipyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine]‐3,3′‐dicarbonitrile, structural elucidation, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy framework, density functional theory and molecular docking investigations
Authors: El Hafi Mohamed , Lahmidi Sanae , Boulhaoua Mohammed , El Ghayati Lhoussaine , Albalwi Hanan , Anouar El Hassane , Alharthi Abdulrahman I. , Mague Joel T. , Essassi El Mokhtar , Lai Chin‐Hung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new bipyrazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivative, 2,2′,5′‐trimethyl‐7‐oxo‐4,7‐dihydro‐[6,7′‐bipyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine]‐3,3′‐dicarbonitrile dihydrate acetic acid solvate (3) has been synthesized via two different methods and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques. A plausible reaction mechanism in the synthesis of 3 through the two synthetic routes used has been proposed. The XRD analysis reveals that the two bicyclic moieties in 3 are close to perpendicular to one another. Some formal double bonds appear localized while others appear to involve some delocalization. In the crystal structure, a layer structure is formed by OH⋯O, OH⋯N and NH⋯O hydrogen bonds, along with weak CH⋯O and π‐stacking interactions. The energy framework indicates that the packing of 3 is mainly determined by dispersion interactions between molecules. The frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that 3 may act more as a nucleophile than an electrophile. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface maps and 2D fingerprint plots of 3 reveal that intermolecular hydrogen bonding and H⋯H, N⋯H and O⋯H contacts are the major ones between the units of 3. The antibacterial activity of 3 is explored by its molecular docking into the binding site of tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase, where it formed a stable complex with the amino acids of tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase mainly through hydrogen bonding.
In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels
Authors: Alroomi Moudhi , Rajan Rajesh , Alsaber Ahmad , Pan Jiazhu , Abdullah Mohammed , Abdelnaby Hassan , Aboelhassan Wael , AlNasrallah Noor , Al‐Bader Bader , Malhas Haya , Ramadhan Maryam , Hussein Soumoud , Alotaibi Naser , Al Saleh Mohammad , Zhanna Kobalava D. , Almutairi Farah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates in‐hospital mortality amongst patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its relation to serum levels of gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT).MethodsPatients were stratified according to serum levels of gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (GGT<50 IU/L or GGT≥50 IU/L).ResultsA total of 802 participants were considered, amongst whom 486 had GGT<50 IU/L and a mean age of 48.1 (16.5) years, whilst 316 had GGT≥50 IU/L and a mean age of 53.8 (14.7) years. The chief sources of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission were contact (366, 45.7%) and community (320, 40%). Most patients with GGT≥50 IU/L had either pneumonia (247, 78.2%) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (85, 26.9%), whilst those with GGT<50 IU/L had hypertension (141, 29%) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (147, 30.2%). Mortality was higher amongst patients with GGT≥50 IU/L (54, 17.1%) than amongst those with GGT<50 IU/L (29, 5.9%). More patients with GGT≥50 required high (83, 27.6%) or low (104, 34.6%) levels of oxygen, whereas most of those with GGT<50 had no requirement of oxygen (306, 71.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that GGT≥50 IU/L (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.45, p=0.009), age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07, p<0.001), hypertension (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19–3.63, p=0.011), methylprednisolone (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.74–5.01, p<0.001) and fever (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15–3.68, p=0.016) were significant predictors of all‐cause cumulative mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model (B = −0.68, SE =0.24, HR =0.51, p = 0.004) showed that patients with GGT<50 IU/L had a 0.51‐times lower risk of all‐cause cumulative mortality than patients with GGT≥50 IU/L.ConclusionHigher levels of serum GGT were found to be an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.
The diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound for detecting COVID‐19 in emergency departments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jari Reem , Alfuraih Abdulrahman M. , McLaughlan James R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published literature investigating the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) on COVID‐19 patients, in emergency point of care settings, and to determine its diagnostic value compared with lung computed tomography (LCT) diagnostic performance. Whilst using the real‐time polymerase chain reaction test as the ‘gold standard’.MethodsLiterature searches were performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for eligible studies. The LUS and LCT pooled diagnostic performance were measured using DerSimonian–Laird random effect method.ResultOut of a total of 158 studies, 16 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were 86.9%, 62.4%, 2.4 and 0.19, respectively for LUS and 93.5%, 72.6%, 3.3 and 0.05, respectively for LCT.ConclusionThe lung ultrasound (LUS) demonstrated acceptable sensitivity but poor specificity when used independently to diagnose COVID‐19 pneumonia patients in emergency departments, while the lung computed tomography showed higher performance. Thus, LUS can be used to supplement existing diagnostic tools and possibly for the triage of patients.
Adverse events and breakthrough infections associated with COVID‐19 vaccination in the Indian population
Authors: Arora Geetika , Taneja Jyoti , Bhardwaj Priya , Goyal Shorya , Naidu Kumar , Yadav Sunita. K. , Saluja Daman , Jetly Sunita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVaccines against COVID‐19 provide immunity to deter severe morbidities associated with the infection. However, it does not prevent infection altogether in all exposed individuals. Furthermore, emerging variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 impose a threat concerning the competency of the vaccines in combating the infection. This study aims to determine the variability in adverse events and the extent of breakthrough infections in the Indian population. A retrospective study was conducted using a pre‐validated questionnaire encompassing social, demographic, general health, the status of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, vaccination, associated adverse events, and breakthrough infections in the Indian population. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained as per Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. Participants, who provided the complete information, were Indian citizens, above 18 years, and if vaccinated, administered with either Covishield or Covaxin, were considered for the study. Data have been compiled in Microsoft Excel and analyzed for statistical differences using STATA 11. The responses from 2051 individuals fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Among 2051, 1119 respondents were vaccinated and 932 respondents were non‐vaccinated. Among 1119 vaccinated respondents, 7 were excluded because of missing data. Therefore, out of 1112 vaccinated, 413 experienced adverse events with a major fraction of younger individuals, age 18–40 years, getting affected (74.82%; 309/413). Furthermore, considerably more females than males encountered adverse consequences to vaccination (p < 0.05). Among vaccinated participants, breakthrough infections were observed in 7.91% (88/1112; 57.96% males and 42.04% females) with the older age group, 61 years and above (odds ratio, 3.25 [1.32–8.03]; p = 0.011), and males were found to be at higher risk. Further research is needed to find the age and sex‐related factors in determining vaccine effectiveness and adverse events.
The single‐sourcing versus multisourcing decision in information technology outsourcing
Authors: Handley Sean , Skowronski Keith , Thakar Devashish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough using a single vendor when outsourcing information technology (IT) services (i.e., single‐sourcing) is commonplace, splitting the IT service package among multiple vendors (i.e., multisourcing) is an increasingly popular strategy. However, our understanding of the factors that contribute to this trend is limited. Guided by a thorough review of the extant literature and interviews with industry experts, we focus on the influence of emerging technologies (i.e., cloud‐based services and automation services), vendor location (i.e., offshore or domestic), and experiential learning (i.e., client and vendor experience) on the choice between single‐sourcing and multisourcing for IT services. The trend towards more multisourcing exemplifies a broader movement towards greater disaggregation and distribution of knowledge work. Thus, we utilize a knowledge‐based perspective to develop our hypotheses for how the aforementioned factors relate to the likelihood of multisourcing. Analyzing a large database of IT service contracts, we find that cloud‐based services are less likely to be multisourced, but automation services are not significantly associated with the likelihood of multisourcing. We also find that more experienced client firms are more likely to adopt multisourcing. Conversely, our results indicate that more experienced vendors and vendors located offshore are less likely to be part of multisourcing arrangements. Exploratory post hoc analyses yield additional interesting insights related to client and vendor location. These findings advance our understanding of the drivers of the single‐sourcing versus multisourcing decision in IT and more broadly contribute to the literature on technology sourcing. Our study has normative implications for both client and vendor management teams.
Long‐term upper aerodigestive sequelae as a result of infection with COVID‐19
Authors: Allisan‐Arrighi Annie E. , Rapoport Sarah K. , Laitman Benjamin M. , Bahethi Rohini , Mori Matthew , Woo Peak , Genden Eric , Courey Mark , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesRespiratory, voice, and swallowing difficulties after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may result secondary to upper airway disease from prolonged intubation or mechanisms related to the virus itself. We examined a cohort who presented with new laryngeal complaints following documented SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We characterized their voice, airway, and/or swallowing symptoms and reviewed the clinical course of their complaints to understand how the natural history of these symptoms relates to COVID‐19 infections.MethodsRetrospective review of patients who presented to our department with upper aerodigestive complaints as sequelae of prior infection with, and management of, SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsEighty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 54.23 years (±17.36). Most common presenting symptoms were dysphonia (n = 58, 71.6%), dysphagia/odynophagia (n = 16, 19.75%), and sore throat (n = 9, 11.11%). Thirty‐one patients (38.27%) presented after intubation. Mean length of intubation was 16.85 days (range 1–35). Eighteen patients underwent tracheostomy and were decannulated after an average of 70.69 days (range 23–160). Patients with history of intubation were significantly more likely than nonintubated patients to be diagnosed with a granuloma (8 vs. 0, respectively, p < .01). Fifty patients (61.73%) were treated for SARS‐CoV‐2 without requiring intubation and were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia (19 vs. 1, p < .01) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (18 vs. 1, p < .01).ConclusionIn patients with persistent dyspnea, dysphonia, or dysphagia after recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2, early otolaryngology consultation should be considered. Accurate diagnosis and prompt management of these common underlying etiologies may improve long‐term patient outcomes.Level of evidence4
Evaluation of discrete target detection with an acoustic Doppler current profiler
Authors: Dunn Muriel , Zedel Len 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) use the signal scattered back from small suspended drifting particles, such as suspended sediments and planktonic species, to measure water current velocity. Additionally, ADCPs detect signals scattered from fish and other pelagic organisms, but these signals are generally treated as noise and rejected during data processing. However, these rejected signals can contain information on fish movement, which presents an opportunity to extend the application of ADCP technology as a tool for monitoring fish activity. We compare discrete target counts made using an ADCP with those of a split‐beam echosounder in a region of high tidal currents in the Bay of Fundy. The comparison was achieved using a self‐contained bottom‐mounted frame equipped with both a 600‐kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Workhorse ADCP and a 120‐kHz BioSonics DTX Submersible split‐beam echosounder system. The discrete targets were identified using a combination of signal correlation and volume backscatter (SV) thresholds in the ADCP data and using a fish tracking algorithm in the split‐beam echosounder data. The resulting ADCP discrete target counts agreed with fish tracking counts made from the co‐located split‐beam echosounder. Notably, discrete targets recorded by the ADCP could be differentiated from entrained air using a high signal correlation threshold. This method can expand the application of ADCP data for biophysical assessments for fisheries management and could be of particular use in rivers and tidal channels.