bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates high fat diet‐induced hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis disorders
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Huang Lili , Cui Ling , Xiao Zhuoni , Xiong Xiaoxing , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐fat diet (HFD) consumption is known to be associated with ovulatory disorders among women of reproductive age. Previous studies in animal models suggest that HFD‐induced microglia activation contributes to hypothalamic inflammation. This causes the dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to subfertility. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of lipid‐soluble antidiabetic drugs that target primarily the early proximal tubules in kidney. Recent evidence revealed an additional expression site of SGLT2 in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating a promising role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the CNS. In type 2 diabetes patients and rodent models, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective properties through reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of cerebral atherosclerosis and suppression of microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, clinical observations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorated patient anthropometric parameters, body composition and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is of importance to explore the central mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the recovery of reproductive function in patients with PCOS and obesity. Here, we review the hypothalamic inflammatory mechanisms of HFD‐induced microglial activation, with a focus on the clinical utility and possible mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in promoting reproductive fitness.
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Neural Activity During Imagery Supports Three Imagery Abilities as Measured by the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
Authors: Seiler Brian D. , Monsma Eva V. , Newman-Norlund Roger , Sacko Ryan 
Published: September 2022

Self-report and neural data were examined in 14 right-handed college-age males screened from a pool of 200 to verify neural activity during imagery and that the neural activity (area of brain) varies as a function of the imagery type. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during real-time imagery of the three Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 abilities indicated frontal areas, motor areas, and cerebellum active during kinesthetic imagery, motor areas, and superior parietal lobule during internal visual imagery, and parietal lobule and occipital cortex during external visual imagery. Central and imagery-specific neural patterns were found providing further biological validation of kinesthetic, internal visual, and external visual complementing results on females. Next, research should (a) compare neural activity between male participants screened by self-reported imagery abilities to determine if good imagers have more efficient neural networks than poor imagers and (b) determine if there is a statistical link between participants’ neural activity during imagery and self-report Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 scores.
Kinetics of the Reaction of 2-Methylpropene with Formaldehyde in the Presence of Synthetic Zeolites
Authors: Ovchinnikov G. A. , Tukhvatshin V. S. , Ilibaev R. S. , Talipov R. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is well known that zeolites exhibit catalytic activity in the Prins reaction. It was found that their use makes it possible to increase the selectivity of the Prins reaction with 2-methylpropene, and the dependences of the effective rate constants of the consumption of formaldehyde and the accumulation of 4,4‑dimethyl-1,3-dioxane on the pore diameter of zeolites are extremal. This work is relevant because the knowledge of the kinetics of the Prins reaction in the presence of type A and X zeolites can contribute to the regulation of selectivity for the formation of oxygen-containing compounds, in particular, industrially valuable 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane upon the interaction of formaldehyde and 2-methylpropene.
Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bech Christine Manich , Stensgaard Christina Nadia , Lund Stine , Holm-Hansen Charlotte , Brok Jesper Sune , Nygaard Ulrikka , Poulsen Anja 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, African Index Medicus and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies from January 2010 to August 2020.SettingSub-Saharan Africa, at all levels of healthcare facilities.Participants‘Neonates’ (<28 days of age) at risk of developing either clinical and/or laboratory-dependent diagnosis of sepsis.Outcome measuresIdentification of any risk factors for neonatal sepsis.ResultsA total of 36 studies with 23 605 patients from secondary or tertiary level of care facilities in 10 countries were included. Six studies were rated as good quality, 8 as fair and 22 as poor. Four studies were omitted in the meta-analysis due to insufficient data. The significant risk factors were resuscitation (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.35), low birth weight <1.5 kg (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.59 to 7.13) and 1.5–2.5 kg (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.83), low Apgar score at the first minute (OR 3.69, 95% CI 2.34 to 5.81) and fifth minute (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.46 to 4.45), prematurity <37 weeks (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.86), no crying at birth (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.42 to 8.55), male sex (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67), prolonged labour (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.27), premature rupture of membranes (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.47), multiple digital vaginal examinations (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.89), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.69), intrapartum maternal fever (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.39), foul-smelling vaginal discharge (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.16 to 5.09) and low socioeconomic status (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.35). We found considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis of 11 out of 15 identified risk factors.ConclusionMultiple risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa were identified. We revealed risk factors not listed by the WHO guidelines. The included studies overall had high risk of bias and high heterogeneity and thus, additional research of high quality is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191067.
Paracetamol, ibuprofen and dexamethasone for pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty: protocol for the randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel 4-group, blinded, multicentre RECIPE trial
Authors: Steiness Joakim , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Graungaard Ben Kristian , Lundstrom Lars Hyldborg , Lindholm Peter , Brorson Stig , Bieder Manuel Josef , Beck Torben , Skettrup Michael , von Cappeln Adam Gregers , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Gasbjerg Kasper Smidt , Overgaard Søren , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultimodal analgesia with paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and glucocorticoid is recommended for hip arthroplasty, but with uncertain effects of the different combinations. We aim to investigate benefit and harm of different combinations of paracetamol, ibuprofen and dexamethasone following total hip arthroplasty.Methods and analysisRECIPE is a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel 4-group, blinded trial with 90-day and 1-year follow-up performed at nine Danish hospitals. Interventions are initiated preoperatively and continued for 24 hours postoperatively. Eligible participants undergoing total hip arthroplasty are randomised to:group A: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous placebo; group B: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg+oral placebo; group C: oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg+oral placebo; group D: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg.Primary outcome is cumulative opioid consumption at 0–24 hours. Secondary outcomes are pain at rest, during mobilisation and during a 5 m walk and adverse events. Follow-up includes serious adverse events and patient reported outcome measures at 90 days and 1 year. A total of 1060 participants are needed to demonstrate a difference of 8 mg in 24-hour morphine consumption assuming an SD of 24.5 mg, a risk of type I errors of 0.0083 and a risk of type 2 errors of 0.2. Primary analysis will be a modified intention-to-treat analysis.With this trial we aim to verify recommendations for pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty, and investigate the role of dexamethasone as an analgesic adjuvant to paracetamol and ibuprofen.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the Region Zealand Committee on Health Research Ethics (SJ-799). Plans for dissemination include publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04123873.
What is the impact of multimorbidity on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Larkin James , Walsh Brendan , Moriarty Frank , Clyne Barbara , Harrington Patricia , Smith Susan M 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesIndividuals with multimorbidity use more health services and take more medicines. This can lead to high out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the association between multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions) and OOP healthcare expenditure in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years or over.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2016 from wave 4 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.SettingIreland.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over.MethodA generalised linear model with log-link and gamma distributed errors was fitted to assess the association between multimorbidity and OOP healthcare expenditure (including general practitioner, emergency department, outpatients, specialist consultations, hospital admissions, home care and prescription drugs).ResultsOverall, 3453 (58.5%) participants had multimorbidity. Among those with any OOP healthcare expenditure, individuals with multimorbidity spent more on average per annum (€806.8 for two conditions, €885.8 for three or more conditions), than individuals with no conditions (€580.3). Pharmacy-dispensed medicine expenditure was the largest component of expenditure. People with multimorbidity on average spent more of their equivalised household income on healthcare (7.1% for two conditions, 9.7% for three or more conditions), than people with no conditions (5.0%). A strong positive association was found between number of conditions and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001) and between having private health insurance and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001). A strong negative association was found between eligibility for free primary/hospital care and heavily subsidised medicines and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that having multimorbidity in Ireland increases OOP healthcare expenditure, which is problematic for those with more conditions who have lower incomes. This highlights the need for this financial burden to be considered when designing healthcare/funding systems to address multimorbidity, so that access to essential healthcare can be maximised for those with greatest need.
Stockholm score of lesion detection on computed tomography following mild traumatic brain injury (SELECT-TBI): study protocol for a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Fletcher‑Sandersjöö Alexander , Tatter Charles , Yang Li , Pontén Emeli , Boman Magnus , Lassarén Philipp , Forsberg Sune , Grönlund Ingrid , Tidehag Viktor , Rubenson-Wahlin Rebecka , Strömmer Lovisa , Westberg Karin , Ängeby Kristian , Djärv Therese , Lundblad Olof , Bartek Jiri , Thelin Eric Peter 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits. A portion of patients with mTBI will develop an intracranial lesion that might require medical or surgical intervention. In these patients, swift diagnosis and management is paramount. Several guidelines have been developed to help direct patients with mTBI for head CT scanning, but they lack specificity, do not consider the interactions between risk factors and do not provide an individualised estimate of intracranial lesion risk. The aim of this study is to create a model that estimates individualised intracranial lesion risks in patients with mTBI who present to the ED.Methods and analysisThis will be a retrospective cohort study conducted at ED hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Eligible patients are adults (≥15 years) with mTBI who presented to the ED within 24 hours of injury and performed a CT scan. The primary outcome will be a traumatic lesion on head CT. The secondary outcomes will be any clinically significant lesion, defined as an intracranial finding that led to neurosurgical intervention, hospital admission ≥48 hours due to TBI or death due to TBI. Machine-learning models will be applied to create scores predicting the primary and secondary outcomes. An estimated 20 000 patients will be included.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-05728). The research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications and presentations at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04995068.
Association of intranasal esketamine, a novel ‘standard of care’ treatment and outcomes in the management of patients with treatment-resistant depression: protocol of a prospective cohort observational study of naturalistic clinical practice
Authors: Vazquez Gustavo , Gutierrez Gilmar , Rosenblat Joshua , Schaffer Ayal , Swainson Jennifer , Karthikeyan Ganapathy , Ravindran Nisha , Lam Raymond W , Do André , Giacobbe Peter , Hawken Emily , Milev Roumen 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEsketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of treatment resistant depression, demonstrating effective and long-lasting benefits. The objective of this observational study is to elucidate the association of intranasal (IN) esketamine with beneficial and negative outcomes in the management of treatment resistant major depressive disorder.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre prospective cohort observational study of naturalistic clinical practice. We expect to recruit 10 patients per research centre (6 centres, total 60 subjects). After approval to receive IN esketamine as part of their standard of care management of moderate to severe treatment resistant depression, patients will be invited to participate in this study. Association of esketamine treatment with outcomes in the management of depression will be assessed by measuring the severity of depression symptoms using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and tolerability by systematically tracking common side effects of ketamine treatment, dissociation using the simplified 6-Item Clinician Administered Dissociative Symptom Scale and potential for abuse using the Likeability and Craving Questionnaire (LCQ). Change in depressive symptoms (MADRS total scores) over time will be evaluated by within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. We will calculate the relative risk associated with the beneficial (reduction in total scores for depression) outcomes, and the side effect and dropout rates (tolerability) of adding IN esketamine to patients’ current pharmacological treatments. Covariate analysis will assess the impact of site and demographic variables on treatment outcomes.Ethics and disseminationApproval to perform this study was obtained through the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board at Queen’s University. Findings will be shared among collaborators, through departmental meetings, presented on different academic venues and publishing our manuscript.
Comparison of three spot urine formulae and their validation using 24-hour urine sodium for estimation of daily salt intake: a cross-sectional study among Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Choudhury Sohel Reza , Al-Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Akhtar Jubaida , Nabi Sayem Md Noor , Zahed Zerin , Rahman Mohammad Ataur , Ahmed Jasimuddin , Zaman Mohammad Mostafa 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the validity of three commonly used (Tanaka, Kawasaki, INTERSALT) methods based on spot urinary sodium excretion against the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion to estimate the dietary salt intake in Bangladesh.DesignA population-based cross-sectional survey.SettingA cross-sectional survey was done in an urban and a rural area of Bangladesh in 2012–2013.Participants418 community living residents aged 40–59 years participated in the survey and data of 227 subjects who had complete information were analysed for this validation study.Outcome measuresThe Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the agreement between the estimated and measured 24-hour urinary sodium. The estimated average salt intake from Tanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were plotted against 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.ResultsThe mean 24-hour estimated salt intake was 10.0 g/day (95% CI 9.3 to 10.6). The mean estimated urinary salt by Tanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were 8.5 g/day (95% CI 8.2 to 8.8), 11.4 g/day (95% CI 10.8 to 12.0) and 8.8 g/day (95% CI 8.6 to 9.0), respectively. Compared with the estimated mean salt intake from 24-hour urine collection, the Bland-Altman plot indicated the mean salt intake was overestimated by the Kawasaki method and underestimated by Tanaka and INTERSALT methods. The linear regression line showed the Kawasaki method was the least biased and had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.57, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.67).ConclusionTanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were not appropriate for the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine samples to assess dietary salt intake in Bangladesh. Among the three methods, the Kawasaki method has the highest agreement with the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion concentration in this population.
Soluble CD146 in the detection and grading of intravascular and tissue congestion in patients with acute dyspnoea: analysis of the prospective observational Lithuanian Echocardiography Study of Dyspnoea in Acute Settings (LEDA) cohort
Authors: Juknevičienė Renata , Simonavičius Justas , Mikalauskas Aurimas , Čerlinskaitė-Bajorė Kamilė , Arrigo Mattia , Juknevičius Vytautas , Alitoit-Marrote Irina , Kablučko Denis , Bagdonaitė Loreta , Vitkus Dalius , Balčiūnas Mindaugas , Zuozienė Gitana , Barysienė Jūratė , Žaliaduonytė Diana , Stašaitis Kęstutis , Kavoliūnienė Aušra , Mebazaa Alexandre , Čelutkienė Jelena 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential of soluble cluster of differentiation 146 (sCD146) in the detection and grading of congestion in patients with acute dyspnoea.DesignSubanalysis of the prospective observational Lithuanian Echocardiography Study of Dyspnoea in Acute Settings (LEDA) cohort.SettingTwo Lithuanian university centres.ParticipantsAdult patients with acute dyspnoea admitted to the emergency department.MethodsCongestion was assessed using clinical and sonographic parameters. All patients underwent sCD146 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) testing.ResultsThe median value of sCD146 concentration in the study cohort (n=437) was 405 (IQR 315–509) ng/mL. sCD146 was higher in patients with peripheral oedema than in those without (median (IQR) 472 (373–535) vs 400 (304–501) ng/mL, p=0.009) and with pulmonary rales than in those without (439 (335–528) vs 394 (296–484) ng/mL, p=0.001). We found a parallel increase of estimated right atrial pressure (eRAP) and sCD146 concentration: sCD146 was 337 (300–425), 404 (290–489) and 477 (363–572) ng/mL in patients with normal, moderately elevated and high eRAP, respectively (p=0.001). In patients with low NT-proBNP, high sCD146 distinguished a subgroup with a higher prevalence of oedema as compared with patients with low levels of both biomarkers (76.0% vs 41.0%, p=0.010). Moreover, high sCD146 indicated a higher prevalence of elevated eRAP, irrespective of NT-proBNP concentration (p<0.05).ConclusionsCD146 concentration reflects the degree of intravascular and tissue congestion assessed by clinical and echocardiographic indices, with this association maintained in patients with low NT-proBNP. Our data support the notion that NT-proBNP might represent heart stretch while sCD146 rather represents peripheral venous congestion.
Risk and outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia among survivors of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective observational study based on SEER database
Authors: Du Yu , Wang Ying , Li Qinlu , Chang Xiaona , Zhang Heng , Xiao Min , Xing Shugang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesSurvivors of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are at an increased risk of developing second primary malignancies. However, the risk of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) has not been previously described in detail, and the outcomes of patients with sAML are also undiscovered compared with their de novo counterparts (de novo acute myeloid leukaemia, dnAML).DesignThis study is a retrospective database study.Setting and participantsA total of 70 280 patients with primary DLBCL, diagnosed between 2000 and 2016, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Another cohort with dnAML matching with sAML was also obtained from SEER database.ResultsThe standardised incidence ratio was 6.23 (95% CI: 5.50 to 7.03) for sAML among survivors of DLBCL. The estimated cumulative incidence of sAML was 0.61% 15 years after the diagnosis of DLBCL. Patients aged 60–74 years were more likely to have sAML than those <60 years (subdistribution HR (sHR)=1.417; 95% CI: 1.087 to 1.850), whereas patients aged ≥75 years were less likely to have sAML (sHR=0.648; 95% CI: 0.452 to 0.930). Patients with advanced-stage DLBCL were more prone to sAML than those with early-stage disease (sHR=1.307; 95% CI: 1.012 to 1.690). There was a significant difference of survival between patients with dnAML and those with sAML (HR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.53).ConclusionsThe risk of developing sAML after DLBCL is substantial. Patients aged 60–74 years and with advanced-stage are more prone to sAML. And, compared with their dnAML counterparts, patients with sAML have a worse prognosis.