bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN OBAT SEBAGAI FEED ADDITIVE TERHADAP BOBOT BADAN AYAM BROILER
Authors: Gustina Sella , Sumardi  , Sinaga Kurniawan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRAK
Feed Additive adalah bahan tambahan yang digunakan pada pakan ternak untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan ternak yang optimal. Beberapa tumbuhan seperti daun pepaya, daun alpukat, daun sirsak, herba meniran, kunyit, dan temulawak merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri, antiparasit, menurunkan kadar kolesterol, meningkatkan sistem imun, dan meningkatkan metabolisme sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai feed additive dalam sediaan formulasi. Formula diuji dengan pemberian pakan pada ayam yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan tahapan yaitu daun pepaya, daun alpukat, daun sirsak, herba meniran, kunyit dan temulawak masing-masing diekstraksi maserasi dan dekok menggunakan pelarut etanol dan aquadest kemudian di formulasi dan dilakukan pencampuran ke dalam ransum yang di uji terhadap 24 ekor ayam broiler. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah bobot badan ayam broiler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak tumbuhan obat sebagai Feed Additive secara umum mampu meningkatkan bobot badan, bahkan pada Formulasi 1 memberikan pengaruh meningkatkan bobot badan akhir ayam broiler yang paling besar. Hal ini menunjukkan ekstrak tumbuhan obat Formulasi 1 memiliki efek terhadap peningkatan bobot badan.
Kata Kunci : Feed Additive; Bobot Badan; Ekstrak; Tumbuhan Obat; Ayam broiler.

ABSTRACT
Feed Additives are additional ingredients used in animal feed to get optimal livestock growth. Some plants such as papaya leaves, avocado leaves, soursop leaves, meniran herbs, turmeric, and javanese tumeric are plants that have activities as antibacterial, antiparasitic, reduce cholesterol levels, increase the immune system, and increase metabolism so that it has the potential as feed additives for the formulation. The formula is tested by feeding it to the chicken that can be used by the community. The method used was purposive sampling which is extraction by maceration and decoction of papaya leaves, avocado leaves, soursop leaves, herbaceous meniran, turmeric and javanese tumeric using ethanol and aquadest as the solvents then formulated and mixed into rations then tested against 24 broilers. The design used in the research is the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 handling and 6 replications than the data were analyzed using ANOVA. The parameter observed for this study was the body weight of broiler chickens. The results showed that the combination of medicinal plant extracts as a Feed Additive generally was able to increase body weight of the broiler chickens, even in Formulation 1, the body weight of broiler chickens increased the largest. This shows that the medicinal plant extract of Formulation 1 has an effect on increasing body weight.
Keyword: Feed Additive; Body Weight; Extracts; Medicinal Plant; Broiler chicken.
Assessment of the Effect of Advertising Channels on Sales Performance of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises in Lixle County, Burao Somaliland
Authors: Abdillahi Ali Ahmed , Obuba Robert Omundi 
Published: December 2022

The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lixle County carry out frequent advertisements of their products, but they still claim indifference in their sales. Therefore, the study sought to find out why the level of sales performance is at a standstill point on these small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this regard, the main objective of the study was to assess the effect of advertising channels on sales performance of selected SMEs in Lixle County, Burao Somaliland. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of radio advertisement on sales performance of selected SMEs in Lixle County, to assess the effect of television advertisement on sales performance of selected SMEs in Lixle County, and to examine the effect of newspapers advertisement on sales performance of selected SMEs in Lixle County. This study adopted the Cultivation theory, the Gratification and the Hypodermic Needle Theory. This study was conducted through a descriptive survey design. The study covered 54 selected SMEs operating within Lixle County. The target population of the study comprised 162 employees. A sample of 115 respondents were selected using both stratified and simple random sampling techniques respectively. The study involved primary data which was gathered through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation were employed. Inferential statistics were also used to analyze the data and establish the relationship between the variables. Then the data were presented in the form of tables, pie charts or bar graphs to ease the analysis. The study found that advertisements made by TV, newspaper and radio respectively influenced most of the people in the area and impacted on the sales volume and the business performance of the selected small and medium enterprises in Lixle County.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and TVET Learning- A Critical Perspective
Authors: Ngure Susan Wanuri 
Published: December 2022

Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (Covid 19) emergence has had a huge impact on all levels of learning. The disruption to training was unprecedented in all parts of the world. TVET being a physical and interruptive process is still reeling from processes that were initiated to cope with diverse ways of dealing with the disruption. Such activities like digital and remote learning, was not only difficult to be impactful but also difficult to implement. The speed at which experimental learning methods were being introduced was potentially harmful.
Kenya being in the developing world experienced immense challenges in coping with training during the COVID pandemic. All training institutions were closed and various training methods hastily suggested.
This paper gives a critical perspective of the pandemic, it’s effect on training, the government response and the opportunities arising from the experience. The paper borrows from researchers, Kenya government documents and pronouncements, and institutional (such as UNESCO, World Bank and ILO) documents to expound and analyse on how COVID 19 affected TVET learning.
Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA depicts profiling of brain metastasis in NSCLC
Authors: Wu Jun , Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Tianxiang , Wang Ying , Song Meng Meng , Song Tao , Long Gretchen , Zhang Xiaobing , Li Xi , Zhang Longbo 
Published: December 2022

Brain metastasis (BM) genetically diverges from the primary tumor in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, accurately capturing clinically relevant alterations is pivotal for the delivery of targeted therapies. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing has emerged as a promising liquid biopsy in the biomarker‐based clinical management of recurrent and extracranial metastatic NSCLC. However, the absence of simultaneous sequencing data from brain metastatic sites prevents the definitive evaluation of the efficacy of ctDNA in representing genetic profiles in BM. Here, we performed parallel genomic comparisons between matched BM and primary tumor DNA, plasma ctDNA, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ctDNA. The results indicated that CSF ctDNA had a greater ability than plasma ctDNA to comprehensively represent the mutational landscape of BM, with CSF ctDNA detecting all BM mutations in 83.33% of patients, while plasma ctDNA was only 27.78%. Mutant allele frequency (MAF) in CSF ctDNA was highly correlated with the tumor size of BM (r = 0.95), and the mean MAF in CSF ctDNA was higher than that in plasma ctDNA (38.05% vs. 4.57%, respectively). MAF and tumor mutational burden in CSF ctDNA were strongly associated with those in BM (r = 0.96 and 0.97, respectively). Of note, CSF ctDNA had significantly higher concordance with BM than plasma ctDNA (99.33% vs. 67.44%), facilitating the identification of clinically relevant mutations. Moreover, we found that plasma ctDNA has stronger profiling performance, with a concordance of 93.01% in multiple brain metastases, equivalent to CSF ctDNA. Collectively, our study indicates that CSF ctDNA is superior to plasma ctDNA in accurately representing the profiling of single BM. Plasma ctDNA could be an alternative liquid biopsy material to be applied in multiple brain metastatic NSCLC.
Fully automatic tumor segmentation of breast ultrasound images with deep learning
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liao Mei , Wang Jing , Zhu Yongyi , Zhang Yanling , Zhang Jian , Zheng Rongqin , Lv Linyang , Zhu Dejiang , Chen Hao , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast ultrasound (BUS) imaging is one of the most prevalent approaches for the detection of breast cancers. Tumor segmentation of BUS images can facilitate doctors in localizing tumors and is a necessary step for computer‐aided diagnosis systems. While the majority of clinical BUS scans are normal ones without tumors, segmentation approaches such as U‐Net often predict mass regions for these images. Such false‐positive problem becomes serious if a fully automatic artificial intelligence system is used for routine screening.MethodsIn this study, we proposed a novel model which is more suitable for routine BUS screening. The model contains a classification branch that determines whether the image is normal or with tumors, and a segmentation branch that outlines tumors. Two branches share the same encoder network. We also built a new dataset that contains 1600 BUS images from 625 patients for training and a testing dataset with 130 images from 120 patients for testing. The dataset is the largest one with pixel‐wise masks manually segmented by experienced radiologists. Our code is available at https://github.com/szhangNJU/BUS_segmentation.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for classifying images into normal/abnormal categories was 0.991. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for segmentation of mass regions was 0.898, better than the state‐of‐the‐art models. Testing on an external dataset gave a similar performance, demonstrating a good transferability of our model. Moreover, we simulated the use of the model in actual clinic practice by processing videos recorded during BUS scans; the model gave very low false‐positive predictions on normal images without sacrificing sensitivities for images with tumors.ConclusionsOur model achieved better segmentation performance than the state‐of‐the‐art models and showed a good transferability on an external test set. The proposed deep learning architecture holds potential for use in fully automatic BUS health screening.
Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandems with >28% Efficiency: Role of Silicon‐Surface Texture on Perovskite Properties
Authors: De Bastiani Michele , Jalmood Rawan , Liu Jiang , Ossig Christina , Vlk Aleš , Vegso Karol , Babics Maxime , Isikgor Furkan H. , Selvin Anand S. , Azmi Randi , Ugur Esma , Banerjee Swarnendu , Mirabelli Alessandro J. , Aydin Erkan , Allen Thomas G. , Ur Rehman Atteq , Van Kerschaver Emmanuel , Siffalovic Peter , Stuckelberger Michael E. , Ledinsky Martin , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTextured silicon wafers used in silicon solar cell manufacturing offer superior light trapping, which is a critical enabler for high‐performance photovoltaics. A similar optical benefit can be obtained in monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, enhancing the current output of the silicon bottom cell. Yet, such complex silicon surfaces may affect the structural and optoelectronic properties of the overlying perovskite films. Here, through extensive characterization based on optical and microstructural spectroscopy, it is found that the main effect of such substrate morphology lies in an altering of the photoluminescence response of the perovskite, which is associated with thickness variations of the perovskite, rather than lattice strain or compositional changes. With this understanding, the design of high‐performance perovskite/silicon tandems is rationalized, yielding certified power conversion efficiencies of >28%.
Rational Design of Transition Metal Phosphide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Guangyu , Yang Huan , Wang Haitao , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to the commercial viability of electrochemical clean energy technologies. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), with the merits of abundant reserves, unique structure, tunable composition, and high electronic conductivity, are recognized as attractive HER catalytic materials. Nevertheless, the HER electrocatalytic activity of TMPs is still limited by various thorough issues and inherent performance bottlenecks. In this review, these issues are carefully sorted, and the corresponding reasonable explanations and solutions are elucidated on the basis of the HER catalytic activity origins of TMPs. Subsequently, highly targeted multiscale strategies to improve the HER performance of TMPs are comprehensively presented. Additionally, critical scientific issues for constructing high‐efficiency TMP‐based electrocatalysts are proposed. Finally, the HER reaction process, catalytic mechanism research, TMP‐based catalyst construction, and their application expansion are mentioned as challenges and future directions for this research field. Expectedly, this review offers professional and targeted guidelines for the rational design and practical application of TMP‐based HER catalysts.
Biodegradable Materials for Transient Organic Transistors
Authors: Stephen Meera , Nawaz Ali , Lee Sang Yeon , Sonar Prashant , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectronic devices that can physically disappear in a controlled manner without harmful by‐products unveil a wide range of opportunities in medical devices, environmental monitoring, and next‐generation consumer electronics. Their property of transience is indispensable for mitigating the global problem of electronic waste accumulation. Additionally, transient technologies that are biocompatible and can be biologically resorbed are of great potential for applications in temporary medical implants, since it eliminates the need for expensive device recovery surgery. Transistors are the key building blocks of modern electronics, and their fabrication using organic materials is beneficial due to their low cost, unprecedented flexibility and facile processing. This contribution reviews the technological application of biodegradable materials in four major classes of organic transistors, namely organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic synaptic transistors, electrolyte‐gated OFETs, and organic electrochemical transistors. The fundamental biodegradation mechanism is discussed in detail, followed by a perspective of various biodegradable materials utilized as active semiconductors, dielectrics, electrolytes and substrates in the various types of organic transistor devices. This contribution comprehensively discusses the role and application of biodegradable materials in all of the key modern‐day organic transistors, highlighting their unique properties that allow the fabrication of biodegradable, eco‐friendly, and sustainable devices.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of In Situ Grown MOF‐Derived Oriented Zr‐Mn‐oxide and Solution‐Free CuO as Hybrid Electrode for Supercapacitors
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Sahoo Sumanta , Hussain Tanveer , Ahmad Muhammad , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Lamiel Charmaine , Gu Shuai , Kaewmaraya Thanayut , Sayed Mostafa Saad , Zhang Kaili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently metal‐organic framework (MOF) derived electrode materials have grown considerable research interest in the field of supercapacitor (SC) technology. Herein, MOF‐derived Zr‐Mn‐oxide is successively combined with solution‐free CuO nanowires not only to avoid the structural limitations of MOF but also to fabricate a positive‐negative hybrid electrode material. The MOF‐derived mixed metal oxide prepared through in situ fabrication allows the uniform and unidirectional growth of oriented Zr‐Mn‐oxide@CuO@Cu. The hybrid electrode exhibited over 100% stability after 20,000 cycles in a three‐electrode setup with a wide potential window range of 1.2 V (−0.6 to 0.6 V). Further, the obtained Zr‐Mn‐oxide@CuO@Cu hybrid electrode exhibited 14.1‐ and 5.5‐fold higher capacity over its MOF‐derived Zr‐Mn‐oxide counterpart (−0.6 to 0.1 V) and CuO (0.0 to 0.5 V), respectively. Additionally, the hybrid device with hybrid Zr‐Mn‐oxide@CuO@Cu as the positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide as the negative electrode also displayed promising energy and power densities. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations are employed to study the hybrid electrode material's properties. Overall, the unidirectional and vertically aligned MOF‐derived Zr‐Mn‐oxide@CuO@Cu hybrid electrode material with notable electrochemical performance can be useful for the fabrication of next‐generation supercapacitor electrodes.
Bioinspired Dynamic Camouflage in Programmable Thermochromic‐Patterned Photonic Films for Sophisticated Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Wu Yue , Sun Ruikang , Ren Jie , Zhang Shufen , Wu Suli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough the encrypted anti‐counterfeiting technology based on infiltration‐controlled photonic crystals has attracted widespread attention, the information has only hidden and display states. The more diverse and complex encryption effect requires a continuous and programmable color transformation. Inspired by the dynamic camouflage in chameleons and cephalopods, a programmable thermochromic patterned photonic film is developed for encrypted anti‐counterfeiting, which is constructed by infiltrating thermoresponsive poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylate) copolymers in SiO2‐coated ZnS photonic crystals. The responsive temperature range is determined by the lower critical solution temperature of filled copolymers, which is tunable by controlling the ratios of different monomers in copolymerization. Based on this, the responsive range is adjusted to 5–55 °C and decoding temperature is set at 20 °C. The pattern is hidden either when the water temperature is >55 °C or <5 °C. Only when the water temperature accurately matches the decoding temperature (20 °C), do the different areas display the preset colors, resulting in the complete pattern being revealed. The design of this programmable thermochromic patterned photonic film indicates a new direction for the encrypted anti‐counterfeiting technology, which can carry more abundant information and encrypt them more complex and sophisticated.
Enhanced Charge Transfer Kinetics for the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide on Silver Electrodes Functionalized with Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Teh Wei Jie , Kolb Manuel J. , Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Yeo Boon Siang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCationic ammonium surfactants can be used together with a suitable catalyst to enhance the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR). However, the underlying reasons for the improvements are not yet well understood. In this study, it is shown that didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB; [(C12H25)2N(CH3)2]Br), when added to the catholyte, can increase the rate of CO2 reduction to CO on silver electrodes by 12‐fold at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. More importantly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that DDAB lowers the charge transfer resistance (RCT) for CO2RR on silver, and these changes can be correlated with enhancements in partial current densities of CO. Interestingly, when DDAB is added onto two other CO‐producing metals, namely, zinc and gold, the CO2RR charge transfer kinetics are improved only on Zn, but not on Au electrodes. By means of a semiempirical model combining density functional theory calculations and experimental data, it is concluded that DDAB generally strengthens the adsorption energies of the *COOH intermediate, which leads to enhanced CO production on silver and zinc, but not on gold.
Revealing the Reactant Mediation Role of Low‐Valence Mo for Accelerated Urea‐Assisted Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Yanmin , Kong Deqiang , Zhao Qianqian , Zhao Lei , Zhang Jialin , Chen Xuemin , Li Yanan , Xu Yan , Meng Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConstruction of bifunctional catalysts with balanced adsorption toward multiple reactants and intermediates is crucial for efficient urea‐assisted water splitting. Nickel Sulfide (NiS) is considered as a promising choice for both urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas the highly occupied d orbital of Ni sites results in too weak reactant adsorption to achieve satisfactory bifunctionality. Herein, considering the adsorption‐energy scaling limitations, another Mo4+ site with empty d orbital is introduced into NiS crumpled nanoflowers as a reactant mediator for accelerated urea electrolysis. Based on the in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, a dual‐center catalytic mechanism is proposed that the Mo4+ sites govern the reactant adsorption, subsequently cooperate with nearby Ni sites to promote the reactant dissociation, intermediate formation, and product desorption. The crumpled flower‐like nanostructure also provides abundant active sites and rapid mass transfer. Consequently, the Mo‐NiS exhibits excellent UOR/HER bifunctionality in an anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) flow electrolyzer. Compared with the pure‐water electrolysis system, the urea‐assisted water electrolyzer saves 15% energy to produce hydrogen. Besides, this electrolyzer obtains an ampere‐level current density of 1 A cm−2 at the cell voltage of 2.0 V, about 2.56 times higher than that of the assembly of RuO2||Pt/C, and robust durability.
Recent Progress in Functional Dye‐Doped Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Shen Wenbo , Zhang Huimin , Miao Zongcheng , Ye Zihui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a typical representative of dopants, organic functional dyes have demonstrated their significant roles in novel smart liquid crystal (LC) devices, and dye‐doped LCs have also been a source of inspiration for scientists to design and fabricate stimuli‐gated materials or devices for envisioned applications in a wide range of areas. In this review, the focus on dichroic dyes, fluorescent dyes, and photothermal dyes, and the recent progress of the LC devices employing these dyes as dopants are overviewed. The review highlights the developments of the novel LC devices doped with these dyes. The structures, designs, and applications of these devices are outlined. The underlying principles of dichroic dyes, fluorescent dyes, and photothermal dyes which are utilized as functional dopants in LC devices are first introduced. Subsequently, the novel developments of functional dye‐doped LC devices in the application fields of smart windows, attenuators for augmented reality (AR) systems, color‐changeable textiles, dichroic color filters, dual‐mode circular polarizers, chirality detectors, optical limiters, switchable luminescent solar concentrators, multiple information encryption, anti‐counterfeiting, photo‐addressed transparent displays, circularly polarized luminescence, tunable lasers, and light‐driven soft actuators are discussed. Finally, the challenge and the strategies for the future improvement of dye‐doped LC devices are also discussed.