bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underwriting in the Australian IPO markets: Determinants and pricing
Authors: Marsden Alastair , Murgulov Zoltan , Rhee S Ghon , Veeraraghavan Madhu 
Published: December 2022

We examine the factors that explain the underwriting decision and underwriting fees for Australian initial public offerings (IPOs). Using a sample of Australian IPOs, spanning the period 1999–2019, we document the following results. IPOs that allow oversubscription of the shares, bookbuild offers, and IPOs with a greater delay to listing, are less likely to be underwritten. We also find that more prestigious underwriters are associated with greater IPO underpricing, while charging lower percent underwriting fees. Prestigious underwriters capture side benefits associated with their reputational status by offering their clients or favoured investors with discounted shares. JEL Classification: G12, G19, G38
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix for soft tissue augmentation
Authors: Zhang Bing , Ma Li , Tang Lian sheng , Song Da wei , Guo Jing , Zhang Fan , Xu Xin 
Published: December 2022

Objectives To evaluate the effects of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix (P-ADM), subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and other commercial bovine acellular dermal matrix membrane materials (B-ADM) on gingival soft tissue augmentation in the oral esthetic zone. Material and Methods The characteristics of P-ADM were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining (Masson staining). The biocompatibility of P-ADM was verified by CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining. Beagle dog models were constructed and the thickness of gingiva was analyzed by the intraoral scanner. The morphology was observed by H&E and Masson staining. Results Scanning electron microscopy, H&E and Masson staining showed that the P-ADM was mainly composed of collagen fibers, with no component of nuclear. The results of CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining indicated that the P-ADM had good cytocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were able to adhere and stretch on the surface of the material with pseudopodia. The SCTG group outperformed the B-ADM and P-ADM groups in terms of effectiveness, according to the analysis of digital oral scanning data at various time points following incremental soft tissue surgery. Compared with the B-ADM group, the effect of soft tissue increment was better in the P-ADM group. Conclusions P-ADM, as a biocompatible biomaterial, can be used as an alternative biomaterial for oral soft tissue thickening. However, the results of this study need to be verified by more clinical trials.
The hypermethylation of FOXP3 gene as an epigenetic marker for the identification of arsenic poisoning risk
Authors: Ma Lu , Fang Xiaolin , Zhang Aihua 
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose: Arsenic exposure can lead to skin lesions and multiple organ damage, which are not easily reversible and for which there is no effective therapeutics. Identification of reliable epigenetic markers is essential for early recognition of arsenic poisoning risk. Anomalous DNA methylation of immune homeostasis regulator FOXP3 is a critical mechanism for triggering arsenic poisoning. This study aims to explore the value of FOXP3 methylation in the identification of arsenic poisoning risk. Methods: 88 arsenic poisoning subjects and 41 references were recruited. Urinary arsenic contents and FOXP3 methylation in PBLCs was measured by ICP-MS and pyrosequencing, respectively. Results: The results showed that the elevated FOXP3 methylation in PBLCs were associated with the increased levels of urinary arsenic and were positively associated with the increased risk of arsenic poisoning and its progression. The result of mediation analysis revealed that 24.3% of the effect of arsenic exposure on the risk of arsenic poisoning was mediated by increased FOXP3 methylation. Additionally, we constructed a nomogram model with FOXP3 methylation as an epigenetic predictor to assess the probability of individual arsenic poisoning. The model showed a robust ability in the discrimination of arsenic poisoning risk, with an area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.897(0.845–0.949) and more than 70% accuracy. The calibration curves and the Harrell concordance index showed that the consistency rate between the probability predicted by the nomogram model and the actual probability is 89.7%. Conclusions: Taken together, we found the great potential of FOXP3 methylation for the identification of arsenic poisoning risk and provided a new approach to the application of epigenetic markers in accurately quantifying the risk of adverse outcomes.
Students as policymakers and policy advocates: Role-playing evidence-based health policies
Authors: AlMubarak Sama’a Hamed 
Published: December 2022

Background Role playing has been increasingly utilized as a teaching strategy in the health discipline. However, the utilization of role playing within the field of health policy and systems research, while imperative, remains limited. Thus, this study documented and described a role playing activity and explored students’ experiences within the context of evidence-based health policy. Method The role playing activity was conducted as part of a course assessment – evidence-based health policy brief at a university in Saudi Arabia. Six graduate level students who were enrolled in the course participated in the activity. Through a mixed method approach, the study collected data from different sources including assessment forms, surveys, written reflections, and observational notes, to explore students experiences with the role playing activity. Data analysis included descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Results Students reported an overall positive experience with the role playing activity. The activity provided them with an experience mimicking real scenarios, while playing roles of policy advocates and policymakers. Additionally, the activity contributed to students’ knowledge acquisition and expansion as well as skills development relevant to policymaking. Conclusion The study’s findings contribute to the current literature on the utilization of simulation within the health discipline, with valuable contribution to the field of health policy and systems research. Implications of the study require attention from respective policymakers, practitioners, and academicians.
The Early Operative Burden for Children Born with Cleft lip and Palate
Authors: Fink Teagan , Kilpatrick Nicky , Chong David , Penington Tony 
Published: December 2022

Objectivesto audit the surgical management of infants born with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) at an Australian cleft unit in a large tertiary paediatric hospitalDesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary Cleft centre.Patients193 infants born with non-syndromic CLP were referred to the centre and underwent primary repair of their CLP between 2009 and 2020. Main Outcome Measures: (1) The timing and surgical repairs performed; (2) the frequency of postoperative complications; (3) the frequency of secondary Cleft surgery; and (4) the total Cleft-related operations performed for infants born with CLP.ResultsFour different surgical repair techniques were performed by six surgeons, and postoperative complications were uncommon (n = 14). Rates of oronasal fistula surgery (10.5% at five years of age; 14.3% at eight years of age) and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery (8.7% at five years of age; 14.3% at eight years of age) were not significantly different across the surgical repair groups (p-value >0.05) and were comparable to international Cleft centres. Children underwent an average of four operative procedures in this audit period, including primary Cleft repair, ear, nose and throat surgery, and dental care. Surgery for managing Eustachian tube dysfunction was the most common surgical intervention following primary Cleft repair.ConclusionsChildren born with non-syndromic CLP have a high early operative burden, with outcomes similar across the spectrum of techniques and surgeons.
Effect of incision location on with-the-rule astigmatism correction after SMILE
Authors: Han Tian , Fu Dan , Xu Ye , Ding Xuan , Chen Zhuoyi , Yu Zhiqiang , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To explore the influence of two different incision positions of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on astigmatism correction. Methods A total of 86 eyes of 86 patients who underwent SMILE surgery were included in this retrospective study. The criteria included that the preoperative astigmatism axis to be within 165° to 180° or 5° to 15°. All eyes were divided into two groups according to the incision position. The incisions of 34 eyes were either located on the superior temporal side of the right eye or superior nasal side of the left eye (120° group), and 52 eyes were located on the superior side (90° group). Vector analysis was used to analyze pre- and postoperative 3-month astigmatism, while subgroup analysis was applied according to the preoperative astigmatism. Results No significant difference of preoperative parameters was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The efficacy and safety indexes were 1.11 ± 0.16 and 1.15 ± 0.16 in the 120° group, the numbers were 1.15 ± 0.17 and 1.16 ± 0.14 in the 90° group (P = 0.629 and P = 0.871). There was no significant difference in target-induced astigmatism (TIA), TIA axis, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) magnitude, SIA axis, distance vision (DV) magnitude, DV axis, correction index (CI), angle of error (AofE), |AofE|, magnitude of error (MofE), index of success (IOS), or flattening index (FI) between 120° group and 90° group (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusions The incision position has limited astigmatic effect, and the operation-induced astigmatism of SMILE surgery after 3 months was little.
Cardiovascular telerehabilitation improves functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nacarato Diego , Sardeli Amanda V , Mariano Lilian O , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia T 
Published: December 2022

Introduction The aim was to identify whether cardiovascular telerehabilitation programs (CV-T-REHAB) can improve functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life (QoL) to the same extent of presential rehabilitation (CV-P-REHAB) in older adults, by meta-analysis of previous studies. Methods Literature search was conducted in October 2020 in four databases to select controlled trials of CV-T-REHAB effects on functional capacity (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [[Formula: see text]O2max]), and QoL in older adults (> 50 years) and included new articles in April 2022. Results CV-T-REHAB improved 6MWT (11.14 m [CI95% = 8.03; 14.26], p < 0.001), [Formula: see text]O2max (1.18 ml/kg/min [CI95% = 0.70; 1.66], p < 0.001), and QoL (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36 [CI95% = 0.05; 0.67], p = 0.02). CV-T-REHAB increased [Formula: see text]O2max to a greater extent than CV-P-REHAB (1.08 ml/kg/min [0.39; 1.76], p = 0.002). Although the 6MWT and [Formula: see text]O2max analyses proved consistent and homogeneous, the QoL analysis showed considerable inconsistency ( I2 = 92.90%), suggesting the need for studies exploring the effect of CV-T-REHAB on QoL in this population. Part of the heterogeneity was explained by age differences, as CV-T-REHAB improved QoL in adults >65 years, but not in adults <64 years. Conclusion CV-T-REHAB improved cardiorespiratory fitness to a level equal to or higher than CV-P-REHAB and improved functional capacity and QoL; being mainly effective for QoL in older adults >65 years. Thus, CV-T-REHAB can be a good alternative, when not the best option and might be considered especially for individuals with limited access to participate in face-to-face programs.
A 2-year Comparative Analysis of Outcomes and Endovascular Interventions in Radio-Cephalic vs. Brachio-Cephalic Fistulae
Authors: Fallon John , Kirkham Emily , Chana Manik , Kulkarni Sachin R. , Cooper David , Paravastu Sharath 
Published: December 2022

Background Arterio-venous fistulae are often compromised by complications, notably thrombosis. We assess the 2 year follow-up data of a cohort of patients from a single vascular centre in the UK who underwent BCF or RCF creation with the objective of assessing the outcome differences and intervention rates between fistula types. Materials and Methods We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 195 patients who underwent creation of arterio-venous fistula (100 BCF, 95 RCF) between January 2016 and December 2018, following them up for 2 years assessing the outcomes and interventions on their AVFs. The outcomes assessed were primary and cumulative patency at 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months. Multinomial logistic regression to account for confounding variables age, gender, procedure, side, anticoagulant, vessel size and co-morbidities was performed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to endovascular intervention was also performed comparing RCF and BCF. Results Cumulative patency rates for BCF vs RCF were 91% vs. 89% at 6 weeks ( X 2 (3, N = 194) = 4.70, P = .19), 83% vs. 76% at 6 months ( X 2 (3, N = 188) = 7.72, P = .05), 78% vs. 69% at 12 months ( X 2 (4, N = 175) = 5.37, P = .25) and 68% vs. 65% at 24 months ( X 2 (4, N = 161) = 5.24, P = .24). Endovascular intervention rate becomes divergent at 5 months, with the steepest difference between 6 and 12 months. Comparative endovascular intervention rates between BCF and RCF were 20% vs. 31% at 6 months, 41% vs. 40% at 12 months and 40% vs. 49% at 24 months. Conclusion RCF seem to have significantly lower patency at 6 months and have higher endovascular intervention rates compared to BCF. A focussed surveillance protocol could prove effective in improving outcomes for RCF.
Successful Treatment of a Left Gastric Artery Pseudoaneurysm by Image Guided Percutaneous Thrombin Injection
Authors: Thomson Benedict , Patel Virjen , Moser Steven , Diamantopoulos Athanasios 
Published: December 2022

Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms are common complications of pancreatitis that carry a high mortality rate. The splenic artery is the commonest artery involved. Gastric artery pseudoaneurysms are less common with less than 50 cases reported in the literature. A 58-year-old female was referred to the Interventional Radiology department with a left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to acute pancreatitis. Initial Digital Subtraction Angiography revealed the pseudoaneurysm arising from the left gastric artery. Several attempts to cannulate the pseudoaneurysm were unsuccessful due to arterial spasm. Consequently, the left gastric artery proximal to the pseudoaneurysm was embolised with 300 microns of polyvinyl alcohol and two coils. 24 hours post-procedure, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed which revealed a blush of contrast enhancement within the pseudoaneurysm sac, consistent with unsuccessful embolisation. Using a combination of ultrasound and cone beam CT guidance, a 22-gauge Chiba needle was advanced percutaneously via a transhepatic approach to the patent segment of the pseudoaneurysm. 2.5 ml of human thrombin was then injected directly into the pseudoaneurysm. Image guided injection of thrombin has become a well-recognised treatment for a variety of peripheral and visceral pseudoaneurysms and is often performed following a failed attempt of routine endovascular embolisation. We report the case of a patient affected by a pseudoaneurysm of the left gastric artery, treated with a CT guided percutaneous thrombin injection directly into the pseudoaneurysm. This demonstrates that percutaneous coagulation can be an adjunct or an alternative to endovascular embolisation.
Factors Influencing Hospital Readmission after Lower Extremity Bypass for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Kim Young , Feldman Zachary M. , Majumdar Monica , DeCarlo Charles S. , Pendleton Anna Alaska , Zacharias Nikolaos , Mohapatra Abhisekh , Dua Anahita 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Unplanned hospital readmission is a leading source of hospital resource expenditure, and preventing readmission may improve both patient quality of life and healthcare costs. The factors influencing hospital readmission after lower extremity bypass (LEB) for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) remain incompletely investigated. Methods: A regional, multi-institutional database was retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent LEB for CLTI between 1995 to 2020. The primary outcome was unplanned hospital readmission up to 30 days following bypass. Results: A total of 1315 patients underwent LEB across all institutions, of whom 843 (64.1%) underwent bypass for CLTI. The 30-day hospital readmission rate was 25.3%, and the leading causes of readmission were wound-related complications (51.6%). There was no difference in age, sex, or race between readmitted and non-readmitted patients. Conduit type and bypass target were also similar between groups. Readmitted patients more frequently underwent LEB for tissue loss (58.2% vs 50.2%, P = 0.042). On multivariable analysis, wound infection (odds ratio [OR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2-13.2, P < 0.001) and non-infectious wound complications (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9, P = 0.041) were independently associated with hospital readmission. Factors not associated with hospital readmission included patient age, conduit type, distal bypass target, and other medical comorbidities. Conclusions: One quarter of patients are readmitted within 30 days following lower extremity bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Efforts to mitigate wound infection and non-infectious wound complications may decrease rates of unplanned hospital readmission.
The effect of procedural end-tidal CO2 on infarct expansion during anterior circulation thrombectomy
Authors: Parr Matthew S , Salehani Arsalaan , Ogilvie Mark , Ethan Tabibian B , Rahm Sage , Hale Andrew T , Tsemo Georges Bouobda , Aluri Akshay , Kim Jinsuh , Mathru Mali , Jones Jesse G A 
Published: December 2022

Background Carbon dioxide is a potent cerebral vasodilator that may influence outcomes after ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intraprocedural mean end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels on core infarct expansion and neurologic outcome following thrombectomy for anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive patients from March 2020 to June 2021 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke under general anesthesia and achieved successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [TICI] ≥ 2b). Only patients with CT perfusion, procedural ETCO2, and postoperative MRI data were included. Segmentation software was used for multi-parametric image analysis. Normocarbia defined as mean ETCO2 of 35 mmHg was used to dichotomize subjects. Univariate and multivariate statistics were applied. Results Fifty-eight patients met criteria for analysis. Of these, 44 had TICI 3 recanalization, 9 had TICI 2c, and 5 had TICI 2b. Within this combined recanalization group, patients with mean ETCO2 > 35 had significantly higher rates of functional independence at 90 days. Although patients tended to salvage more penumbra and experience smaller final infarcts when ETCO2 exceeded 35 mmHg, this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Stroke patients who underwent successful thrombectomy with general anesthesia achieved higher rates of functional independence when procedural ETCO2 exceeded 35 mmHg. Further studies to confirm this effect and investigate optimal ETCO2 parameters should be considered.
Mother-in-law childcare and perinatal depression in rural Pakistan
Authors: Chung Esther O , Hagaman Ashley , Bibi Amina , Frost Allison , Haight Sarah C , Sikander Siham , Maselko Joanna 
Published: December 2022

Background: Mothers-in-law often provide key childcare support to daughters-in-law during the perinatal period that may enhance maternal mental health. Yet, poor mother-in-law/daughter-in-law relationships may be associated with maternal depression. The extent to which mother-in-law childcare involvement affects perinatal depression may differ across contexts of family conflict. Objective: We explored the relationship between mother-in-law childcare and daughter-in-law perinatal depression in rural Pakistan across contexts of family conflict. Methods: Data on 783 women came from the Bachpan Cohort, a birth cohort in Pakistan. Maternally-reported mother-in-law childcare was assessed at 3 and 12 months postpartum using a 24-h recall and categorized into no, low, and high involvement. Major depression was captured at 3 and 12 months using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. Family conflict was captured using three items from the Life Events Checklist. Log-Poisson models were used to estimate cross-sectional associations between mother-in-law childcare and perinatal depression, stratified by family conflict. Results: Mother-in-law childcare was common in the first year postpartum. The association between mother-in-law childcare and perinatal depression differed by the presence of family conflict and postpartum timing. At 3 months postpartum, low and high mother-in-law childcare (vs no involvement) were associated with a lower prevalence of depression regardless of family conflict. At 12 months postpartum, among families with no conflict, low mother-in-law childcare (vs no involvement) was associated with lower perinatal depression; however, among families with conflict, high mother-in-law childcare was associated with increased perinatal depression. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the complexities of associations between mother-in-law childcare support and perinatal depression in the first year after birth. Mother-in-law childcare in the immediate postpartum period was beneficial for mothers. Understanding the source, amount, timing, and context of social support is necessary to inform research and interventions that aim to improve maternal mental health.
TG2 as a novel breast cancer prognostic marker promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis by activating the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway
Authors: Xu Dahai , Xu Ning , Sun Liang , Yang Zhaoying , He Miao , Li Youjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported as a major player across several types of cancer. However, the effects of TG2 in breast cancer are less known.

Methods
The expression of TG2 in patients with BC was detected by immunochemistry staining and RT-qPCR. The correlation of TG2 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox-regression analysis. The effects of TG2 on cell proliferation and glycolysis were investigated in vivo and in vitro by gain- and loss-of-function experiments.

Result
Both mRNA and protein levels of TG2 were overexpressed in BC tissues and cultured cells. Clinical stage (p = 0.011), molecular subtype (p<0.001) and survival status (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with TG2 expression. Specifically, TG2 expression was positively associated with the clinical stage (r = 0.193, p = 0.005) and OS (r = 0.230, p = 0.001), while negatively associated with molecular subtype (r = − 0.161, p = 0.020). Overexpressed TG2 was a prognostic factor of poor OS by Cox-regression analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that cell proliferation and glycolysis were regulated by TG2 via the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. TG2-induced activation of the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway and glycolysis were attenuated by MEK inhibitor U0126.

Conclusion
TG2 is overexpressed in BC, which can serve as an independent prognostic factor for OS. TG2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and increases glycolysis associated with the activation of the MEK/ERK/LHD pathway.