bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Preoperative Administration of Erythropoietin in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cranial Vault Remodeling for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Chumble Ameya , Brush Parker , Muzaffar Arshad , Tanaka Tomoko 
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose:
Over 90% of patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling for craniosynostosis receive blood transfusions to compensate for intraoperative blood loss. However, transfusions are not without risk and can lead to allergic and immune transfusion reactions as well as rare cases of infectious transmissions. Preoperative use of erythropoietin in cranial vault remodeling has been demonstrated to be safe and to reduce transfusion requirements in prior studies. This study’s purpose is to add to the body of data supporting the safe use of a protocolized erythropoietin alfa regimen before cranial vault remodeling and strip craniectomy procedures with decreased blood transfusion requirements and other favorable outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent cranial vault remodeling between 2006 and 2021 at our tertiary care center. Two groups were identified: in the first, preoperative erythropoietin was administered under protocol; and in the second, preoperative erythropoietin was not administered. The groups were compared with respect to age, perioperative hemoglobin levels, estimated blood loss during surgery, packed red blood cell transfusion volume, length of hospital stay, and length of surgery.

Results:
Demographics were not significantly different in terms of age, weight, diagnosis, gender, and type of procedure. Patients who were administered preoperative erythropoietin were found to have significantly increased preoperative hemoglobin levels (13.6 versus 12.3 g/dL), as well as decreased estimated intraoperative blood loss (376 versus 1099 mL), the volume of packed red blood cells transfused (316 versus 897 mL), length of hospital stay, and length of surgery. Postoperative hemoglobin levels were not found to be significantly different.

Conclusions:
In this study, preoperative administration of erythropoietin with elemental iron was beneficial for patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling for craniosynostosis. Specifically, it decreased the need for red blood cell transfusion, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay. No adverse events were recorded in the treatment arm. Further studies may include a separate group administered iron alone.
Selepressin in Septic Shock
Authors: Antonucci Elio , Giovini Manuela , Agosta Sara , Sakr Yasser , Leone Marc 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Sepsis and septic shock usually show a high mortality rate and frequently need of intensive care unit admissions. After fluid resuscitation, norepinephrine (NE) is the first-choice vasopressor in septic shock patients. However, high-NE doses are associated with increased rates of adverse effects and mortality. In this perspective, many authors have proposed the administration of non-adrenergic vasopressors (NAV). Selepressin is a selective vasopressin type 1A (V1A) receptor agonist and may be a valid option in this field, because it can decrease NE requirements and also limit the deleterious effects induced by high doses of catecholamines. Only few clinical data actually support selepressin administration in this setting. Here, we review the current literature on this topic analyzing some pathophysiological aspects, the rationale about the use of NAV, the possible use of selepressin differentiating animal, and human studies. Various issues remain unresolved and future trials should be focused on early interventions based on a multimodal activation of the vasopressive pathways using both alpha and V1A receptors pathways.
Necroptosis, Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis in Sepsis and Treatment
Authors: Qu Mengdi , Wang Yanghanzhao , Qiu Zhiyun , Zhu Shuainan , Guo Kefang , Chen Wankun , Miao Changhong , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As a global major health problem and a leading cause of death, sepsis is defined as a failure of homeostasis, which is mainly initiated by an infection and followed by sustained excessive inflammation until immune suppression. Despite advances in the identification and management of clinical sepsis, morbidity, and mortality remain high. In addition, clinical trials have failed to yield promising results. In recent years, the mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) in sepsis has attracted more and more attention, because these dying cells could release a large number of danger signals which contribute to inflammatory responses and exacerbation of sepsis, providing a new direction for us to make treatment strategy. Here we summarize mechanisms of several forms of RCD in sepsis including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis. In conclusion, targeting RCD is considered a promising approach to treat sepsis.
Health Care Disparities Among Latina Patients Presenting With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Douglass K. Marie , Grisales Tamara , Coca Natalie , Tandel Megha D. , Kwan Lorna , Wieslander Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

Importance
This study identifies barriers, including language and insurance status, Latina patients may face in accessing urogynecology care.

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine differences in objective prolapse severity at the time of presentation between Latina and non-Latina patients and the effect socioeconomic disparities may have on these differences.

Study Design
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients visiting urogynecology clinics at 2 academic institutions (1 private, 1 public). Patients with symptomatic > stage II prolapse were included. Initial Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification examinations, leading edge of prolapse, and demographic data were extracted. We evaluated several socioeconomic factors for associations with prolapse severity in a multivariable analysis.

Results
Three hundred forty-two patients were included (36% Latina). Twenty-eight percent were non-English speaking and 54% had public or no insurance. Using leading edge as the outcome, there was no objective difference in prolapse severity between the Latina and non-Latina patients. A higher proportion of patients with public insurance had more advanced prolapse compared with those with private insurance (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–5.55; P < 0.01) and a higher proportion of non-English speaking had more advanced prolapse compared with English speakers (odds ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–5.34; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Latina ethnicity was not a risk factor for more advanced prolapse at the time of initial evaluation in a urogynecology clinic. Rather, patients who were non-English speaking and had public insurance were more likely to present with more advanced prolapse. Our data suggest that language barriers and lower socioeconomic status are health care disparities for patients seeking care for prolapse.
Centering Group Treatment for Women With Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Meriwether Kate Vellenga , Panter Virginia , McWethy Magdalena , Rishel Brakey Heidi , Komesu Yuko M. 
Published: June 2022

Importance
Women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (ICBPS) face challenging treatment and feelings of isolation. Centering models of group medical visits have been successful in other spheres but have not been explored in ICBPS therapy.

Objective
We sought to describe opinions of women with ICBPS regarding Centering visits, including advantages, experience, and barriers to participation and efficacy.

Study Design
Patients who attended Centering visits participated in a focus group and/or filled out written commentary in evaluations, and control patients were individually interviewed. We coded transcripts using NVivo software for emergent themes.

Results
We conducted 4 control patient individual interviews, had one focus group of Centering patients, and collected comments from 34 post-Centering surveys. Emergent themes of interest included motivations and barriers to joining, cost, leadership, connecting with others, diversity, learning, alternative treatments, and areas for improvement. Regardless of participation in Centering, patients noted the importance of self-care and sharing with other women with ICBPS, and they emphasized feelings of isolation in their disease and discouraging health care experiences. Women in Centering noted that the biggest advantages of Centering were learning from other women with ICBPS, the creation of a welcoming and safe space, and the feeling that Centering was more of a support group than a medical visit. Women noted that barriers to Centering included cost and logistical issues, such as time and format.

Conclusions
Women with ICBPS treatment note that Centering group visits provide a sense of learning and community that opens them to a wider variety of options.
Circling the drain: the extinction crisis and the future of humanity
Authors: Dirzo Rodolfo , Ceballos Gerardo , Ehrlich Paul R. 
Published: June 2022

Humanity has triggered the sixth mass extinction episode since the beginning of the Phanerozoic. The complexity of this extinction crisis is centred on the intersection of two complex adaptive systems: human culture and ecosystem functioning, although the significance of this intersection is not properly appreciated. Human beings are part of biodiversity and elements in a global ecosystem. Civilization, and perhaps even the fate of our species, is utterly dependent on that ecosystem's proper functioning, which society is increasingly degrading. The crisis seems rooted in three factors. First, relatively few people globally are aware of its existence. Second, most people who are, and even many scientists, assume incorrectly that the problem is primarily one of the disappearance of species, when it is the existential threat of myriad population extinctions. Third, while concerned scientists know there are many individual and collective steps that must be taken to slow population extinction rates, some are not willing to advocate the one fundamental, necessary, ‘simple’ cure, that is, reducing the scale of the human enterprise. We argue that compassionate shrinkage of the human population by further encouraging lower birth rates while reducing both inequity and aggregate wasteful consumption—that is, an end to growthmania—will be required.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
Comparing management strategies for conserving communities of climate-threatened species with a stochastic metacommunity model
Authors: Backus Gregory A. , Huang Yansong , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: June 2022

Many species are shifting their ranges to keep pace with climate change, but habitat fragmentation and limited dispersal could impede these range shifts. In the case of climate-vulnerable foundation species such as tropical reef corals and temperate forest trees, such limitations might put entire communities at risk of extinction. Restoring connectivity through corridors, stepping-stones or enhanced quality of existing patches could prevent the extinction of several species, but dispersal-limited species might not benefit if other species block their dispersal. Alternatively, managers might relocate vulnerable species between habitats through assisted migration, but this is generally a species-by-species approach. To evaluate the relative efficacy of these strategies, we simulated the climate-tracking of species in randomized competitive metacommunities with alternative management interventions. We found that corridors and assisted migration were the most effective strategies at reducing extinction. Assisted migration was especially effective at reducing the extinction likelihood for short-dispersing species, but it often required moving several species repeatedly. Assisted migration was more effective at reducing extinction in environments with higher stochasticity, and corridors were more effective at reducing extinction in environments with lower stochasticity. We discuss the application of these approaches to an array of systems ranging from tropical corals to temperate forests.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
Ecological clusters of soil taxa within bipartite networks are highly sensitive to climatic conditions in global drylands
Authors: Pescador David S. , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Fiore-Donno Anna Maria , Singh Brajesh K. , Bonkowski Michael , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: June 2022

Determining the influence of climate in driving the global distribution of soil microbial communities is fundamental to help predict potential shifts in soil food webs and ecosystem functioning under global change scenarios. Herein, we used a global survey including 80 dryland ecosystems from six continents, and found that the relative abundance of ecological clusters formed by taxa involved in bacteria-fungi and bacteria-cercozoa bipartite networks was highly sensitive to changes in temperature and aridity. Importantly, such a result was maintained when controlling for soil, geographical location and vegetation attributes, being pH and soil organic carbon important determinants of the relative abundance of the ecological clusters. We also identified potential global associations between important soil microbial taxa, which can be useful to support the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems under global change scenarios. Our results suggest that increases in temperature and aridity such as those forecasted for the next decades in drylands could potentially lead to drastic changes in the community composition of functionally important bipartite networks within soil food webs. This could have important but unknown implications for the provision of key ecosystem functions and associated services driven by the organisms forming these networks if other taxa cannot cope with them.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
Outpatient clonal propagation propelled rapid regional establishment of an emergent carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lineage ST499Pas
Authors: Calix Juan J. , Stockler de Almeida Maria C. , Potter Robert F. , Wallace Meghan A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCombating the evolving health threat posed by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) requires knowing how this non-commensal organism establishes regional pools and propagates among at-risk hosts. We report a 2017-2019 surge of CRAb among patients receiving care in a USA multicenter system. This surge occurred during a period of sustained reduction in hospital-acquired CRAb infections and coincided with marked reduction of CRAb cases associated with distinctly more resistant antibiotypes. Isolate whole genome sequencing revealed surge isolates belonged to an emergent Pasteur scheme sequence type 499 (ST499Pas). Detailed query of health records guided by isolate genome comparative analyses revealed multiple clonal clusters linked to various outpatient healthcare settings (i.e., long term healthcare facilities, surgical and wound clinics, and other unidentified factors) but no evidence of a shared intrahospital source. We show that emergent CRAb lineages can rapidly establish a regional presence even without gains in breadth of antibiotic resistance and negligible contribution from sustained intrahospital transmission. The emergence of ST499Pas despite regional eradication of other CRAb lineages shows how control efforts could be sidestepped via outpatient epidemiological niches. We also establish an approach to investigate the propagation of CRAb lineages that can inform subsequent local surveillance efforts outside of hospital settings.
Migratory behavior is positively associated with genetic diversity in butterflies
Authors: García-Berro Aurora , Talla Venkat , Vila Roger , Wai Hong Kar , Shipilina Daria , Chan Kok Gan , Pierce Naomi E. , Backström Niclas , Talavera Gerard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMigration is typically associated with risk and uncertainty at the population level, but little is known about its cost and benefit trade-offs at the species level. Migratory insects often exhibit strong demographic fluctuations due to local bottlenecks and outbreaks. Here, we use genomic data to investigate levels of heterozygosity and long-term population size dynamics in migratory insects, as an alternative to classical local and short-term approaches such as regional field monitoring. We analyze whole-genome sequences from 97 Lepidoptera species and show that migratory species have significantly higher levels of genome-wide heterozygosity, a proxy for effective population size, than non-migratory species. Also, we contribute whole-genome data for one of the most emblematic insect migratory species, the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui), sampled across its worldwide distribution range. This species exhibits one of the highest levels of heterozygosity described in Lepidoptera (2.95% ± 0.15). Coalescent modeling (PSMC) shows historical demographic stability inV. cardui, and high effective population size estimates of 2 to 20 million individuals 10,000 years ago. The study reveals that the high risks associated with migration and local environmental fluctuations do not seem to decrease overall genetic diversity and demographic stability in migratory Lepidoptera. We propose a “compensatory” demographic model for migratory r-strategist organisms in which local bottlenecks are counterbalanced by reproductive success elsewhere within their typically large distributional ranges. Our findings highlight that the delimitations of populations are substantially different for sedentary and migratory insects, and that, in the latter, local and even regional field monitoring results may not reflect whole population dynamics. Genomic diversity patterns may elucidate key aspects of an insect’s migratory nature and population dynamics at large spatiotemporal scales.
Reuniens transiently synchronizes memory networks at beta frequencies
Authors: Jayachandran Maanasa , Viena Tatiana D. , Garcia Andy , Veliz Abdiel Vasallo , Leyva Sofia , Roldan Valentina , Vertes Robert P. , Allen Timothy A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTUsing episodic memories to help guide decisions requires top-down medial prefrontal cortex interactions with the hippocampus. Mechanistically, this integrated prefrontal-hippocampal memory state is thought to be organized by synchronized network oscillations and mediated by connectivity with the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus. Here, we recorded local field potentials from the prefrontal-reuniens-hippocampal network while rats were engaged in a nonspatial sequence memory task which helps isolate memory-related activity from running-related oscillations. We found that synchronous prefrontal-hippocampal beta bursts (15-30 Hz) were dominant during memory trials, whereas synchronous theta (6-12 Hz) was highest during running. Beta rose during a trial and peaked just before a decision, whereas theta was highest during running. Beta bursts first appeared in reuniens and then in prefrontal and hippocampal sites simultaneously, suggesting beta could be directly driven by reuniens. To test this, we used an optogenetic approach (retroAAV-ChR2) to see if reuniens was capable of driving prefrontal-hippocampal beta synchrony. Reuniens activation induced prefrontal-hippocampal beta coherence, and reduced theta coherence, resembling the observed memory-driven network state. These findings demonstrate for the first time that reuniens contributes to memory by driving transient synchronous beta in the prefrontal-hippocampal system facilitating coherent interactions that sub-serve memory-based decision making.
A conserved role of α2δ subunit of calcium channel in nicotine motivated behavior
Authors: Salim Chinnu , Batsaikhan Enkhzul , Kan Ann Ke , Chen Hao , Jee Changhoon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying genetic variants associated with nicotine-motivated behavioral traits is an important strategy to understand the fundamental mechanisms underpinning smoking and tobacco abuse. For suitable emulation of behavioral phenotype with the full advantage of this invertebrate model, we newly established a worm model of nicotine seeking by Conditioned Cue Preference (CCP). We demonstrated that C. elegans also exhibited pivotal features of nicotine-motivated behaviors as in mammals. First, we identified the nicotine-elicited cue preference is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in worms. Additionally, we exhibited dopamine is also required for the development of CCP. Subsequently, we identified the nAChRs subunits associated with the facilitation of nicotine preference. Accordingly, we validated human GWAS candidates associated with nicotine dependence involved in the role of those nAChR subunits. we addressed the cross-species functional validation to determine the GWAS candidate genes have authentic roles in nicotine seeking associated with tobacco abuse. The loss of function strain of CACNA2D3 orthologue, calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3, was tested for CCP. We also tested the knock-out (KO) strain of the CACNA2D2 orthologue, calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 2, which is closely related to CACNA2D3 in the same family and shared the human smoking phenotypes. Our orthogonal test suggests the functional conservation of the α2δ subunit of calcium channel in nicotine motivated behavior.
The disadvantage of derivation: conserved systematic flaws in primary data have repeatedly biased the phylogenetic inference of Temnospondyli (Tetrapoda, Amphibia)
Authors: Gee Bryan M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTPhylogenetic analyses and their resultant tree topologies underlie paleobiological studies. Regardless of the type of study, the relationships of focal taxa are foundational, whether implemented in a qualitative or a quantitative framework. This reliance places a premium on the continued refinement of both phylogenetic methods and inference. Temnospondyls are a diverse clade of non-amniote (‘amphibian’) tetrapods whose phylogenetic relationships have been extensively explored due to their speciose nature, widespread occurrence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic paleoenvironments, and putative relationship to extant amphibians. Despite being studied by a diversity of workers, there is only one dataset that is widely employed to test the broad-scale relationships of Temnospondyli, that of Schoch (2013). This dataset has been reused in several high-profile studies testing the question of lissamphibian origins, and the original resultant topology has been widely adopted by taxonomic specialists and non-specialists alike. However, close examination of this matrix reveals discernible patterns of problematic codes related to non-homology, dependency, and unsubstantiated data (e.g., codes for postcranial characters for taxa with no known postcrania). These patterns, in conjunction with their prevalence, warrant a thorough survey of the entire matrix and subsequent reanalysis of its various forms to test whether previously published findings regarding the relationships of temnospondyls and the origins of lissamphibians are substantiated. A thorough reassessment of this matrix and several of its high-profile derivates revealed that the phylogeny of temnospondyls is more poorly known than depicted by the literature and that certain hypotheses of lissamphibian origins within Temnospondyli lack phylogenetic support.