bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domains for coronavirus research
Authors: Yao Weizhi , Tan Ling , Liu Liang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, many countries around the world have been threatened by COVs. The aim of this study was to better grasp developments and trends in research on coronavirus around the world and to promote theoretical research into their prevention and control.

Methods:
Research on coronavirus was reviewed and analyzed using bibliometrics based on a total of 4860 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Yearly quantitative distribution of literature, country/region distribution, organization distribution, main source journal distribution, subject category distribution, research knowledge bases, and research hotspots and frontiers were all analyzed, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to plot knowledge domain maps, Excel was used to plot keyword strategy diagram.

Results:
Coronavirus research could be roughly divided into 4 stages: preliminary development stage (before 2000), rapid growth stage (2000–2005), slow decline stage (2006–2011) and sustained growth stage (since 2012). America had taken the leading position in this field. The study of COVs involves many subject categories, mainly includes virology, veterinary sciences, biology, and immunology. At present, the key words in the field of coronavirus research were mainly divided into 6 major hot clusters, namely, the introduction and structure analysis of coronavirus, the research on the outbreak source and transmission of coronavirus, the research on the infection pathway of coronavirus in human body, the research on the pathogenesis of coronavirus, the research on the diagnosis and symptoms of coronavirus infection, and the research on the treatment of coronavirus.

Conclusion:
Coronavirus, which occurs all over the world, often causes huge casualties and economic losses, and poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the social and economic system. Objective literature review and analysis can help scholars in related fields to deepen their overall understanding. And, there are several key issues that should be further explored in future research.
Evaluation of severe adverse events during rehabilitation for acute-phase patients
Authors: Kinoshita Tokio , Kamijo Yoshi-Ichiro , Kouda Ken , Yasuoka Yoshinori , Nishimura Yukihide , Umemoto Yasunori , Ogawa Takahiro , Mikami Yukio , Kawanishi Makoto , Tajima Fumihiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Early mobilization decreases the likelihood of negative outcomes for acute-phase inpatients. Adverse events occurring during intensive care unit rehabilitation have previously been reported; however, no study has reported the incidence rates for adverse events during the acute rehabilitation phase. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of severe adverse events during acute-phase rehabilitation and evaluate them in detail.
Reports of adverse events occurring during acute-phase rehabilitation in a university hospital from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2018 were retrospectively assessed.
Nine severe adverse events occurred during this period (incidence rate, 0.032%), comprising 2 cardiopulmonary arrests, 2 pulseless electrical activity events, 2 deterioration in consciousness events, 1 deterioration in consciousness event due to cerebral infarction, 1 fracture due to a fall, and 1 event involving removal of a ventricular drain. Pulmonary thromboembolism was implicated in 1 adverse event involving pulseless electrical activity and 1 deterioration in consciousness event. The causes for the 6 other adverse events could not be identified. The mean days from admission and the onset of rehabilitation to adverse event occurrence were 22.0 ± 18.2 and 17.9 ± 13.5 days (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Four of 9 patients died, and 5 patients were discharged home or transferred to other stepdown facilities. When assessed retrospectively, there were no conflicts between patient conditions and the cancellation criteria of rehabilitation by the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine.
The occurrences of severe adverse event may not be related to early mobilization (or onset time of rehabilitation) and compliance status of cancellation criteria.
Percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy benefits in patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Yang Chao-Chun , Lee Ming-Hsue , Yang Jen-Tsung , Chen Kuo-Tai , Huang Wei-Chao , Tsai Ping-Jui , Kao Chih-Hao , Liao Chien-Wei , Lin Martin Hsiu-Chu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A significant number of patients suffers from refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after receiving microvascular decompression (MVD) or other neuro-destructive procedure such as gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). This study aims to demonstrate a remediable, reproducible approach to treating refractory pain effectively by percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy (RF-TR).
A total of 392 patients with TN were treated by RF-TR during the past 10 years. Among these patients, 48 cases who had received either MVD, GKRS alone, or a combination of both were assigned to group A. Those who had not received any form of treatment (125 patients) or failed to respond medically (130 patients) were assigned as the control group (group B). All the RF-TR were performed by a single surgeon with the aid of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-based neuronavigation with magnetic resonance (MR) image fusion. The outcome measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) expressed subjectively by patients. The paired Student t test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis.
In group A, 21 of 24 patients (88%) had significant improvement (NRS change ≥5) in facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.75 ± 0.53 before the procedure and 1.92 ± 3.35 post-treatment (significant NRS decrease [P = .000]). On the other hand, in group B, 226 of 255 patients (89%) also had dramatic amelioration of facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.46 ± 0.69 before the procedure and 1.62 ± 2.85 post-treatment (7.84 ± 2.82 in NRS decrease [P = .008]). By using a univariate ANCOVA, no statistical significance was found in NRS score improvement between the two groups.
Repeated MVD and GKRS for refractory TN may be less desirable due to a greater risk of mortality (up to 0.8%) and morbidity (4% of serious complications). Conversely, RF-TR administration with the novel navigation technique by using iCT and MR image fusion is free from any remarkable and irreversible morbidities. In this study, RF-TR not only provided an alternative and effective strategy if TN recurred but also resulted in the same NRS score improvement regardless of the status of prior treatment.
The Benefit of Probiotics in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Gkiourtzis Νikolaos , Kalopitas Georgios , Vadarlis Andreas , Bakaloudi Dimitra Rafailia , Dionysopoulos Georgios , Karanika Evangelia , Tsekitsidi Eirini , Chourdakis Michail 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a summary of the current literature about the efficacy of probiotics in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods:
A systematic literature search through major electronic databases was carried out for RCTs till September 9, 2021, investigating the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of pediatric patients with NAFLD. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and Standard Deviations (SD) were used to calculate continuous outcomes and a Risk Ratio with 95% CI was used for dichotomous outcomes.

Results:
In total, 4 RCTs with 238 pediatric patients with NAFLD were included in the study. Probiotic supplementation revealed a statistically significant difference in transaminases’ levels (ALT: WMD = –7.51 IU/L, 95% CI, –11.28 to –3.73, I2 = 0%, P < 0.0001; AST: WMD = –6.46 IU/L, 95% CI, –9.31 to –3.61, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), anthropometric characteristics, total cholesterol, triglycerides and ultrasonographic steatosis improvement.

Conclusions:
According to the data of this meta-analysis, probiotic supplementation, and especially supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other strains of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus may be beneficial in the improvement of transaminases’, lipid parameters’ levels, ultrasonographic, and anthropometric characteristics in children with NAFLD. Current evidence does not allow specifying the exact beneficial strain of probiotics mentioned above. The possible effect of probiotics on liver histology improvement in pediatric NAFLD should be examined in future studies.
Expression of HLA and Autoimmune Pathway Genes in Liver Biopsies of Young Subjects With Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1
Authors: Shin Emilia , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Jones-Brando Lorraine V. , Florea Liliana D. , Sabunciyan Sarven , Wood Laura Delong , Yolken Robert H. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:To test the hypothesis that autoimmune hepatitis (AIH type I) in young subjects is due to genetic differences in proinflammatory genes responding to viral triggers in patients and controls.Methods:Intrahepatic gene expression was compared between AIH type I (n = 24, age 9–30 years) patients (hereafter referred to as the AIH group) and controls (n = 21, age 4–25 years). RNA sequencing was performed on complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries made from total RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsy samples. Gene expression levels were quantified, and differentially expressed genes were functionally analyzed. Pathway analysis was performed using the databases Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and PANTHER. The remaining sequences were mapped to the RefSeq complete set of viral genomes.Results:Differential gene analysis identified 181 genes that were significantly differentially expressed (136 upregulated in the AIH group). Autoimmune pathway genes such asCD19andCD20which are important in B cell regulation and maturation as well as,CD8andLY9, which are T-cell related, were upregulated in our AIH group. Genes implicated in AIH pathogenesis includingCXCL10, which is thought to be associated with AIH severity and progression, complement genes (C1QA, C1QB, andC1QC), and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-B, andHLA-C) were upregulated in samples from the AIH group. Specific viral etiologies were not found.Conclusions:Unbiased next-generation sequencing and differential gene expression analysis of the AIH group has not only added support for the role of B cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of AIH but also has introduced potential new therapeutic targets:CXCL10(anti-CXCL10) and several complement system–related genes.
Development and Initial Validation of a Novel Professional Aesthetic Scale for the Female Abdomen
Authors: Sood Rachita , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Sasson Daniel C. , Shah Nikita , Yeh Chen , Nahas Fabio X. , Dumanian Gregory A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:A growing body of literature aims to describe abdominal aesthetic goals in order to tailor surgical and non-surgical treatment options to meet patient goals. We aimed to integrate lay-person perceptions into the design of a novel professional aesthetic scale for the abdomen.Methods:An iterative process of expert consensus was used to choose 5 domains –1) abdominal muscle lines, 2) abdominal shape, 3) scar, 4) skin, and 5) umbilicus. A survey was developed to measure global and domain-specific aesthetic preferences on 5 abdomens. This was distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk to 340 respondents. Principal component analysis was used to integrate survey data into weights for each of the scale’s sub-questions. Attending plastic surgeons then rated abdomens using the final scale, and reliability and validity were calculated.Results:The final scale included eleven sub-questions –hourglass shape, bulges, hernia, infraumbilical skin, supraumbilical skin, umbilicus shape, umbilicus medialization position, umbilicus height position, semilunar lines, central midline depression, scar– within the 5 domains. Central midline depression held the highest weight (16.1%) when correlated to global aesthetic rating, followed by semilunar lines (15.8%) and infraumbilical skin (11.8%). The final scale demonstrated strong validity (Pearson r=0.99) and was rated as easy to use by 7 attending plastic surgeons.Conclusion:The final scale is the first published professional aesthetic scale for the abdomen that aims to integrate lay-person opinion. In addition, this analysis and survey data provide insights into the importance of eleven components in overall aesthetic appeal of the abdomen.
Diode Laser Management of Cheek Cavernous Hemangioma in Dental Office
Authors: Muntianu Ligia Adriana Stanca , Mihai George , Bodnar Traian 
Published: June 2022

Due to high energy content and specific characteristics of dental laser light, this kind of procedure optimizes the outcome on oral cavernous hemangioma removal, diminishing the risks, and complications.
Management of a very rare internal cheek cavernous hemangioma presenting a high risk of injury in a patient with chronic acenocoumarol medication and high blood pressure, can be accomplished using diode 810nm laser, in the dental office with predictable results.
Protocol complied diode laser, with specific fiber tip, specific power, and operation mode, for 1 minute/1 cm2 irradiated area. Intervention sequences were repeated until complete disappearance.
Laser procedure withdrew the lesion rapidly, completely. It has a lot of advantages that recommends it as a removal procedure before prosthetic treatment.
Associations of Facial Proportionality, Attractiveness, and Character Traits
Authors: Villavisanis Dillan F. , Workman Clifford I. , Cho Daniel Y. , Zapatero Zachary D. , Wagner Connor S. , Blum Jessica D. , Bartlett Scott P. , Swanson Jordan W. , Chatterjee Anjan , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Facial proportionality and symmetry are positively associated with perceived levels of facial attractiveness.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to confirm and extend the association of proportionality with perceived levels of attractiveness and character traits and determine differences in attractiveness and character ratings between “anomalous” and “typical” faces using a large dataset.

Methods:
Ratings of 597 unique individuals from the Chicago Face Database were used. A formula was developed as a proxy of relative horizontal proportionality, where a proportionality score of “0” indicated perfect proportionality and more negative scores indicated less proportionality. Faces were categorized as “anomalous” or “typical” by 2 independent reviewers based on physical features.

Results:
Across the ratings for all faces, Spearman correlations revealed greater proportionality was associated with attractiveness (ρ = 0.292, P < 0.001) and trustworthiness (ρ = 0.193, P < 0.001), while lesser proportionality was associated with impressions of anger (ρ = 0.132, P = 0.001), dominance (ρ = 0.259, P < 0.001), and threateningness (ρ = 0.234, P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests revealed the typical cohort had significantly higher levels of proportionality (–13.98 versus –15.14, P = 0.030) and ratings of attractiveness (3.39 versus 2.99, P < 0.001) and trustworthiness (3.48 versus 3.35, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that facial proportionality is not only significantly associated with higher ratings of attractiveness, but also associated with judgements of trustworthiness. Proportionality plays a role in evoking negative attributions of personality characteristics to people with facial anomalies.
Oncological Outcome of Conversion Surgery After Preoperative Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hank Thomas , Klaiber Ulla , Hinz Ulf , Schütte Denise , Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Bergmann Frank , Hackert Thilo , Jäger Dirk , Büchler Markus W. , Strobel Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To investigate the outcome of conversion surgery in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPDAC) and to identify patients who may benefit from this approach.

Background:
The role of conversion surgery in patients with mPDAC and exceptional response to chemotherapy remains unclear.

Methods:
Patients who underwent surgical exploration for mPDAC following chemotherapy between 2006 and 2019 were included. Data on demographics, oncologic treatment, pathology, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed.

Results:
Some 173 patients received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent surgical exploration. Ninety-three patients underwent resection of the primary tumor and metastatic sites, 80 patients underwent exploration only. In the resection subgroup, 45 patients had complete pathological response of metastases (ypM0) and 48 patients had residual metastases (ypM1). ypM0 status was associated with lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels and lower ypN stage. Overall survival after resection was 25.5 months in ypM0, 10.7 months in ypM1, and 8.1 months in patients without resection (P<0.001). Additional adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with prolonged survival in resected patients (29.0 vs 14.8 mo, P=0.024) as well as in ypM0 (29.1 vs 19.2 mo, P=0.047). Multivariable analysis identified conversion surgery, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and time of resection as independent prognostic markers for the entire cohort. CA19-9, ypM0 and adjuvant treatment were independent predictors of survival in the resection subgroup.

Conclusion:
In patients with mPDAC and ypM0 status after chemotherapy, surgical resection is associated with encouraging survival. mPDAC patients with exceptional response to chemotherapy may be candidates for exploration and for resection in ypM0. Adjuvant chemotherapy may provide an additional survival advantage.
Use of Telemedicine for Postdischarge Assessment of the Surgical Wound
Authors:   NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, GlobalSurg Collaborative
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardized assessment tools are needed.

Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery.

Methods:
The primary outcome of this study was SSI reported up to 30 days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analyzed primary data from an international cohort study of adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery who were discharged from hospital before 30 days after surgery. The second part combined this data with the results of a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis of all available data conducted in accordance with PRIMSA guidelines (PROSPERO:192596).

Results:
The cohort study included 15,358 patients from 66 countries (8069 high, 4448 middle, 1744 low income). Of these, 6907 (45.0%) were followed up using telemedicine. The SSI rate reported using telemedicine was slightly lower than with in-person follow-up (13.4% vs 11.1%, P<0.001), which persisted after risk adjustment in a mixed-effects model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.84, P<0.001). This association was consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including a propensity-score matched model. In 9 eligible nonrandomized studies identified, a pooled mean of 64% of patients underwent telemedicine follow-up. Upon meta-analysis, the SSI rate reported was lower with telemedicine (odds ratio: 0.67, 0.47–0.94) than in-person (reference) follow-up (I
2=0.45, P=0.12), although there a high risk of bias in included studies.

Conclusions:
Use of telemedicine to assess the surgical wound postdischarge is feasible, but risks underreporting of SSI. Standardized tools for remote assessment of SSI must be evaluated and adopted as telemedicine is upscaled globally.
Modelling coupled human–environment complexity for the future of the biosphere: strengths, gaps and promising directions
Authors: Farahbakhsh Isaiah , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur 
Published: June 2022

Humans and the environment form a single complex system where humans not only influence ecosystems but also react to them. Despite this, there are far fewer coupled human–environment system (CHES) mathematical models than models of uncoupled ecosystems. We argue that these coupled models are essential to understand the impacts of social interventions and their potential to avoid catastrophic environmental events and support sustainable trajectories on multi-decadal timescales. A brief history of CHES modelling is presented, followed by a review spanning recent CHES models of systems including forests and land use, coral reefs and fishing and climate change mitigation. The ability of CHES modelling to capture dynamic two-way feedback confers advantages, such as the ability to represent ecosystem dynamics more realistically at longer timescales, and allowing insights that cannot be generated using ecological models. We discuss examples of such key insights from recent research. However, this strength brings with it challenges of model complexity and tractability, and the need for appropriate data to parameterize and validate CHES models. Finally, we suggest opportunities for CHES models to improve human–environment sustainability in future research spanning topics such as natural disturbances, social structure, social media data, model discovery and early warning signals.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
Hydrological implications of large-scale afforestation in tropical biomes for climate change mitigation
Authors: Ricciardi Livia , D'Odorico Paolo , Galli Nikolas , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Rising interest in large-scale afforestation and reforestation as a strategy for climate change mitigation has recently motivated research efforts aiming at the identification of areas suitable for the plantation of trees. An often-overlooked aspect of agroforestry projects for carbon sequestration is their impact on water resources. It is often unclear to what extent the establishment of forest vegetation would be limited by water availability, whether it would engender competition with other local water uses or induce water scarcity. Here we use global water models to study the hydrologic constraints and impacts of afforestation in tropical biomes. We find that 36% of total suitable and available afforestation areas are in areas where the rain alone can meet just up to the 40% of total plant water requirement. Planting trees will substantially increase water scarcity and possible dispossession (green water grab) especially in dryland regions of Africa and Oceania. Moreover, the combination of tree restoration and irrigation expansion to rainfed agricultural areas is expected to further exacerbate water scarcity, with about half of the global suitable areas for tree restoration experiencing water scarcity at least 7 months per year. Thus, the unavailability of water can overall limit climate change adaptation strategies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.