bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing the activation of protein kinase A as a DNA damage-independent mechanistic lead for dihydromethysticin prophylaxis of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Bian Tengfei , Ding Haocheng , Wang Yuzhi , Hu Qi , Chen Sixue , Fujioka Naomi , Aly F Zahra , Lu Junxuan , Huo Zhiguang , Xing Chengguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur earlier work demonstrated varying potency of dihydromethysticin (DHM) as the active kava phytochemical for prophylaxis of tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis. Efficacy was dependent on timing of DHM gavage ahead of NNK insult. In addition to DNA adducts in the lung tissues mitigated by DHM in a time-dependent manner, our in vivo data strongly implicated the existence of DNA damage-independent mechanism(s) in NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis targeted by DHM to fully exert its anti-initiation efficacy. In the present work, RNA seq transcriptomic profiling of NNK-exposed (2 h) lung tissues with/without a DHM (8 h) pretreatment revealed a snap shot of canonical acute phase tissue damage and stress response signaling pathways as well as an activation of protein kinase A (PKA) pathway induced by NNK and the restraining effects of DHM. The activation of the PKA pathway by NNK active metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) at a concentration incapable of promoting DNA adduct was confirmed in a lung cancer cell culture model, potentially through NNAL binding to and activation of the β-adrenergic receptor. Our in vitro and in vivo data overall support the hypothesis that DHM suppresses PKA activation as a key DNA damage-independent mechanistic lead, contributing to its effective prophylaxis of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis. Systems biology approaches with a detailed temporal dissection of timing of DHM intake versus NNK exposure are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps concerning the DNA damage-driven mechanisms and DNA damage-independent mechanisms to optimize the implementation strategy for DHM to achieve maximal lung cancer chemoprevention.
Odor discrimination in children aged 4–12 years
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Anna , Behl Oshin , Grahl Tim , Hummel Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Olfaction is functional at birth and newborns use their sense of smell to navigate their environment. Yet, certain chemosensory abilities are subject to experience and develop with age. It has been argued that odor discrimination is a key ability enabling organisms to capture and distinguish odors occurring in the environment to further identify them and formulate a behavioral response. Yet, the development of odor discrimination abilities has been overlooked in the literature, with few attempts to investigate developmental changes in odor discrimination abilities independent of verbal abilities and olfactory experience. Here, building on these attempts, we propose a novel approach to studying the development of odor discrimination abilities by utilizing odor enantiomers—pairs of odorous molecules of identical chemical and physical features, but differing in optical activity. We hypothesized that discrimination of enantiomeric odor pairs in children and adolescents would be less prone to age effects than discrimination of pairs of common odors due to their encoding difficulty and their limited exposure in common olfactory experience. We examined olfactory discrimination abilities in children aged 4–12 years with regard to three common odor pairs and five enantiomeric odor pairs. The study protocol eliminated verbal and cognitive development bias, resulting in diminished age advantage of the older children in discrimination of enantiomers as compared to common odors.
Conference report: Biocuration 2021 Virtual Conference
Authors: Quaglia Federica , Balakrishnan Rama , Bello Susan M , Vasilevsky Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The International Society for Biocuration (ISB) aims to promote the field of biocuration and provide a community forum for information exchange and networking. Over the past 14 years, the ISB has hosted annual international conferences, entirely dedicated to the field of biocuration, that rotate between regions across the world. These meetings bring together biocurators from various roles, including database curators, bioinformaticians, ontology developers and students. Due to the ongoing global pandemic, the 14th Annual ISB Biocuration Conference (ISB2021) was held virtually in the form of four sessions and one workshop over the course of the year. Each of the four virtual sessions included panel discussions covering (i) The Future of Biocuration, (ii) Career paths and projections in Biocuration, (iii) Addressing Implicit or Unconscious Bias: Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and (iv) Strategic planning. Here we report on highlights from the virtual conference and share some of the ideas and future goals of the ISB.
Database URL:https://www.biocuration.org/14th-annual-biocuration-conference-virtual/
Effects of aspirin on dementia and cognitive function in diabetic patients: the ASCEND trial
Authors: Parish Sarah , Mafham Marion , Offer Alison , Barton Jill , Wallendszus Karl , Stevens William , Buck Georgina , Haynes Richard , Collins Rory , Bowman Louise , Armitage Jane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Aspirin is widely used in cardiovascular disease prevention but is also associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The net effect of aspirin on dementia and cognitive impairment is uncertain.

Methods and results
In the ASCEND trial, 15 480 people from the UK with diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease were randomized to aspirin 100 mg daily or matching placebo for a mean of 7.4 years. The 15 427 ASCEND participants with no recorded dementia prior to baseline were included in this cognitive study with a primary pre-specified outcome of ‘broad dementia’, comprising dementia, cognitive impairment, or confusion. This was ascertained through participant, carer, or general practitioner report or hospital admission diagnosis, by 31 March 2019 (∼2 years beyond the scheduled treatment period). The broad dementia outcome occurred in a similar percentage of participants in the aspirin group and placebo group: 548 participants (7.1%) vs. 598 (7.8%), rate ratio 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–1.02]. Thus, the CI excluded proportional hazards of &gt;2% and proportional benefits of &gt;19%.

Conclusion
Aspirin does not have a large proportional effect on the risk of dementia. Trials or meta-analyses with larger total numbers of incident dementia cases to increase statistical power are needed to assess whether any modest proportional 10–15% benefits of 5–7 years of aspirin use on dementia exist.

Clinical Trial Registration
Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN60635500; ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00135226.
Baryon acoustic oscillations in thin redshift shells from BOSS DR12 and eBOSS DR16 galaxies
Authors: Menote Ranier , Marra Valerio 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In an age of large astronomical data sets and severe cosmological tensions, the case for model independent analyses is compelling. We present a set of 14 baryon acoustic oscillations measurements in thin redshift shells with $3\,\mathrm{ per} \,\mathrm{ cent}$ precision that were obtained by analysing BOSS DR12 and eBOSS DR16 galaxies in the redshift range 0.32 &lt; z &lt; 0.66. Thanks to the use of thin shells, the analysis is carried out using just redshifts and angles so that the fiducial model is only introduced when considering the mock catalogues, necessary for the covariance matrix estimation and the pipeline validation. We compare our measurements, with and without supernova data, to the corresponding constraints from Planck 2018, finding good compatibility. A Monte Python module for this likelihood is available at github.com/ranier137/angularBAO.
Single-dish 1-cm-band radio photometry of protoplanetary discs: few centimetre-sized dust grains?
Authors: Greaves Jane S , Mason Brian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Radio-wavelength observations of protoplanetary discs can show whether large dust grains (pebbles) have formed on the pathway to aggregation of planetary cores. The 100-m Green Bank Telescope was used to make a four-subband (26–40 GHz) photometric survey of the Taurus and Ophiuchus regions, which is nearly complete for class II systems above fixed millimetre-flux thresholds. There is evidence of anomalous microwave emission in 40 per cent of the systems, indicating that radio observations of protoplanetary discs need good spectral coverage to distinguish the presence of dust. At most, one-quarter of the systems are seen to host pebbles, of radii as large as 1 cm. The lack of pebble-dominated systems suggests that this is a short-lived phase in particle size evolution, and/or that pebbles only grow in limited areas of the disc. Either case supports models where grains of centimetre size rapidly fragment and/or drift towards the star, potentially feeding growing planets. In the best-fitting systems, including the 26–40 GHz data raises the detected dust mass by up to an order of magnitude, and the mass distribution of the discs may be flatter. Both of these phenomena could help to solve the ‘missing mass’ problem, where the solid budget in protoplanetary discs is compared with the substantial requirements of extrasolar-planet systems.
Search and sequence analysis tools services from EMBL-EBI in 2022
Authors: Madeira Fábio , Pearce Matt , Tivey Adrian R N , Basutkar Prasad , Lee Joon , Edbali Ossama , Madhusoodanan Nandana , Kolesnikov Anton , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe EMBL-EBI search and sequence analysis tools frameworks provide integrated access to EMBL-EBI’s data resources and core bioinformatics analytical tools. EBI Search (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ebisearch) provides a full-text search engine across nearly 5 billion entries, while the Job Dispatcher tools framework (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/services) enables the scientific community to perform a diverse range of sequence analysis using popular bioinformatics applications. Both allow users to interact through user-friendly web applications, as well as via RESTful and SOAP-based APIs. Here, we describe recent improvements to these services and updates made to accommodate the increasing data requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Percutaneous Versus Open Pedicle Screw Fixation for Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Authors: Cabrera Juan P. , Camino-Willhuber Gastón , Muthu Sathish , Guiroy Alfredo , Valacco Marcelo , Pola Enrico 
Published: March 2022

Study Design:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
This meta-analysis aimed to compare percutaneous (PPS) versus open pedicle screw (OPS) fixation for treatment of thoracic and lumbar spondylodiscitis.

Summary of Background Data:
Pyogenic spondylodiscitis of the thoracic and lumbar spine can produce instability, deformity, and/or neurological compromise. When medical treatment is unsuccessful, surgical treatment is indicated, with the conventional open approach the usual standard of care. However, percutaneous techniques can be advantageous in medically vulnerable patients.

Materials and Methods:
A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, looking for comparative articles on pyogenic spondylodiscitis requiring surgical stabilization with pedicle screws. This systematic review is reported according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
From 215 articles initially identified, 7 retrospective studies were analyzed, encapsulating an overall sample of 722 patients: 405 male (56.1%) and 317 female (43.9%). The treatment modality was PPS fixation in 342 patients (47.4%) and OPS fixation in 380 (52.6%). For PPS, operating time was 29.75 minutes (P<0.0001), blood loss 390.18 mL (P<0.00001), postoperative pain 1.54 points (P<0.00001), and length of stay 4.49 days (P=0.001) less than with OPS fixation, and wound infection 7.2% (P=0.003) less frequent. No difference in screw misplacement (P=0.94) or loosening (P=0.33) rates was observed.

Conclusion:
Employing PPS fixation to treat pyogenic spondylodiscitis of the thoracic and lumbar spine is associated with significantly reduced operating time, blood loss, postoperative pain, length of stay, and rates of wound infection than OPS fixation, with no difference between the 2 treatments in rates of screw misplacement or screw loosening.
Influence of Preoperative Severity on Postoperative Improvement Among Patients With Myeloradiculopathy Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Cha Elliot D.K. , Lynch Conor P. , Patel Madhav R. , Jacob Kevin C. , Geoghegan Cara E. , Pawlowski Hanna , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Prabhu Michael C. , Singh Kern 
Published: March 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Objective:
The aim was to determine how neck pain and disability improve following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion among patients with myeloradiculopathy.

Summary of Background Data:
Neck pain and disability have traditionally been assessed using the neck disability index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS). Few studies have investigated how neck pain/disability improve differently among patients with symptoms of both myelopathy and radiculopathy.

Methods:
Patients were identified through retrospective review of a prospective surgical database from 2013 to 2020. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected included VAS neck and arm, NDI, 12-Item Short Form physical composite score (SF-12 PCS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS PF), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). PROMs were collected preoperatively and up to 1-year postoperatively. Patients were categorized by preoperative symptom severity: high VAS arm (>7); high NDI (>55); high VAS arm and NDI; and moderate symptoms. Linear and logistic regression evaluated the impact of preoperative symptom severity on PROM scores and achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID), respectively.

Results:
A total of 187 patients were included, 98 with neither high VAS arm nor NDI (moderate group), 14 with high NDI, 46 with high VAS arm, and 29 with high NDI and VAS arm. Postoperatively, greater symptom severity was a significant predictor of VAS neck (all timepoints; P≤0.002, all), VAS arm (6 weeks; P=0.007), NDI (6 weeks to 6 months; P<0.001, all), SF-12 PCS (6 months; P=0.004), PROMIS PF (6 weeks; P=0.007), and PHQ-9 (6 weeks to 6 months; P<0.001, all). Mean postoperative improvement was different among the four severity groups for VAS arm, NDI, and VAS neck (except for 1-year) (P≤0.002, all). Overall MCID achievement rates were significantly greater among higher symptom severity groups across VAS arm and NDI (P≤0.003, both).

Conclusion:
PROM improvement and MCID achievement for NDI, VAS neck, and VAS arm differed based on symptom severity.
Oxygen Targets During Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cumpstey Andrew F. , Oldman Alex H. , Martin Daniel S. , Smith Andrew , Grocott Michael P. W. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Patients admitted to intensive care often require treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation and high concentrations of oxygen. Mechanical ventilation can cause acute lung injury that may be exacerbated by oxygen therapy. Uncertainty remains about which oxygen therapy targets result in the best clinical outcomes for these patients. This review aims to determine whether higher or lower oxygenation targets are beneficial for mechanically ventilated adult patients.

DATA SOURCES:
Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Cochrane medical databases were searched from inception through to February 28, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials comparing higher and lower oxygen targets in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy in an intensive care setting.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Study setting, participant type, participant numbers, and intervention targets were captured. Outcome measures included “mortality at longest follow-up” (primary), mechanical ventilator duration and free days, vasopressor-free days, patients on renal replacement therapy, renal replacement free days, cost benefit, and quality of life scores. Evidence certainty and risk of bias were evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects models was used. Post hoc subgroup analysis looked separately at studies comparing hypoxemia versus normoxemia and normoxemia versus hyperoxemia.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Data from eight trials (4,415 participants) were analyzed. Comparing higher and lower oxygen targets, there was no difference in mortality (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74–1.22), but heterogeneous and overlapping target ranges limit the validity and clinical relevance of this finding. Data from seven studies (n = 4,245) demonstrated targeting normoxemia compared with hyperoxemia may reduce mortality at longest follow-up (0.73 [0.57–0.95]) but this estimate had very low certainty. There was no difference in mortality between targeting relative hypoxemia or normoxemia (1.20 [0.83–1.73]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis identified possible increased mortality with liberal oxygen targeting strategies and no difference in morbidity between high or low oxygen targets in mechanically ventilated adults. Findings were limited by substantial heterogeneity in study methodology and further research is urgently required to define optimal oxygen therapy targets.
COVID-19 Vaccine Clinic Real-Time Throughput Analysis: Development and Implementation of an Innovative Data Collection Tool
Authors: Skaggs Michael D. , Wendel Sarah K. , Zane Richard D. , Resnick-Ault Daniel 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented the healthcare system with a plethora of challenges, including implementation of an efficient vaccination strategy. Mass vaccinations have been used during previous pandemics; however, the associated data have largely been limited to theoretical simulations and post hoc analysis.

Methods:
An innovative data collection tool was created to deliver real-time data analysis during a drive-through mass vaccination. Patients were assigned unique identification numbers at the clinic entrance. Using these identification numbers, and the web-based spreadsheet, patients were tracked throughout the vaccination process. Static timestamps corresponding to the entry and exit at each checkpoint were recorded in real time.

Results:
Data were collected on a total of 3,744 vehicles over five clinic days. Total time was collected, from entry to exit, on 2,860 vehicles. Registration and vaccination times were collected on 3,111 vehicles. Of the vehicles sampled, 1,588 (42%) had data points associated with all checkpoints.

Conclusions:
This open-source, innovative data collection tool was successfully implemented in our mass vaccination clinic for tracking patients in real time providing actionable data on overall throughput efficiency. This cost-effective tool can be used on a variety of healthcare-related projects to provide data-driven evaluation on the efficiency of care.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Transmural Approach in the Management of Biliary Obstructions
Authors: Jagielski Mateusz , Zieliński Michał , Piątkowski Jacek , Jackowski Marek 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Transpapillary biliary drainage in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established method for treatment of patients with benign and malignant biliary obstruction. However, attempts to gain access to the biliary tract through the major duodenal papilla during ERCP have been unsuccessful in some patients. This study aims to determine the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transmural approach in biliary endotherapy in case of failed ERCP.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective analysis of the treatment outcomes of all 896 patients with obstructive jaundice secondary to biliary obstruction, who underwent endoscopic treatment in the years 2016-2021 at our institution.

Results:
Effective drainage of bile ducts through the major duodenal papilla during ERCP was achieved in 772/896 (86.16%) patients with biliary obstruction. In 124/896 (13.84%) patients [92 males, 32 females; mean age 63.52 (46 to 89) y] ERCP failed and EUS-guided transmural approach was performed. Benign biliary obstruction was identified in 17/124 (13.71%) patients; the remaining 107/124 (86.29%) were diagnosed with malignant biliary obstruction. EUS-guided endoscopic transpapillary biliary tract stenting with transmural access was performed in 21/124 (16.94%) patients; the remaining 103/124 (83.06%) required extra-anatomic transmural anastomosis of the bile ducts to the gastrointestinal tract. Technical success was achieved in 121/124 (97.58%) patients, while clinical success was achieved in 112/124 (90.32%). Complications were reported in 15/124 (12.1%) patients; with early complications in 12 and late complications in 3.

Conclusions:
Various methods of EUS-guided transmural access to bile ducts improves endotherapy outcomes of patients with biliary obstruction. Endoscopic transmural access is highly effective and associated with an acceptable number of complications.
US Central Command military blood utilization practices 2011 to 2020
Authors: Hall Andrew B. , Qureshi Iram , McMinn Heidi , Kuper Joshua , Gurney Jennifer M. , Tadlock Matthew D. , Cardin Sylvain 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Military involvement in Afghanistan ended in 2021, and while low-intensity troop engagements continue globally, casualty numbers are dwindling. To understand the clinical and operational connections between blood utilization and clinical paradigm shifts in resuscitation strategies, a review of blood product utilization and the changes in the last decade was conducted within the US Central Command area of responsibility. The intent of this review was to assess patterns of blood use during the last decade of the United States' involvement in the most recent major conflicts to potentially inform future blood requirements.

METHODS
Blood product and types transfused between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020, were acquired from the Medical Situational Awareness in Theater blood reports. All reported blood usage data in the US Central Command area of responsibility were queried.

RESULTS
Packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) usage showed no statistically significant change over time (τ
b = 0.24, p = 0.3252; τ
b = −0.47, p = 0.0603). Fresh and stored whole blood (SWB) use increased overtime (τ
b = 0.69, p = 0.0056; τ
b = 0.83, p = 0.0015). A strong inverse relationship was found between SWB and FFP usage (r = −0.68, p = 0.0309) and liquid plasma and FFP usage (r = −0.65, p = 0.0407) over time.

CONCLUSION
Whole blood usage increased significantly over time with a preference for SWB. Component therapy is anticipated to remain a critical element of resuscitation in the event of large-scale combat operations secondary to supply chain and longer storage times.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management; Level III.