bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic in rich and poor countries
Authors: Nesteruk Igor , Rodionov Oleksii 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Large differences in the number of registered SARS-CoV-2 cases per capita in different countries encourage research into the causes of this phenomenon. In particular, a strong linear correlation was revealed between the gross domestic product per capita (GDP) and the numbers of cases per capita (CC) registered in African countries as of February 1, 2022. A non-linear correlation and datasets for African and European countries corresponding to August 1, 2022 show that CC values increase for richer countries probably be due to higher levels of testing. The much lower values of registered accumulated numbers of cases and deaths per capita (DC) in Africa are most clearly explained by the low testing level than by the influence of other factors. In some countries, the number of undetected COVID-19 cases may be tens or even hundreds of times higher than the number of registered ones, which increases the probability of the appearance of new dangerous SARS-CoV-2 strains and reduces the prospects for a quick end to the pandemic. Many unreported cases make it difficult to analyze the impact of vaccinations and other factors. In particular, the decline of DC values and the case fatality risk (DC/CC) with increasing vaccination rates in Europe requires additional research.
A Cross-sectional Study to Associate BMI with Pressure Pain Threshold and
Pain Tolerance Among Healthy Young Individuals
Authors: Sufiyan Rihab Sayed , Jawish Lin , Tayeb Sarah Ait , Bachir Aisha , Rathan Ramya , Salama Miral Nagy F. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Although pain is common for everyone, it is a subjective sensation influenced by different variables. One factor that influences pain threshold and perception is body mass index (BMI). This study investigates the connection between BMI and pain by assessing the pressure pain threshold and tolerance on the median and ulnar nerves in the palms.

Methods:
The PPT and PT of 120 participants were measured with a digital pressure algometer (FPIX50; Wagner Instruments). Measurement sessions consisted of consecutive PPT and PT readings on the thenar and hypothenar eminence of the dominant and non-dominant hand. In addition, the PPT and PT were compared between BMI, thenar and hypothenar, dominant and non-dominant hand, and sexes.

Results:
The results have shown that the PPT and PT increased with BMI. However, only three out of the eight readings were significant (p = <0.05). When comparing the thenar and hypothenar, the results revealed significantly higher PPT and PT levels in the hypothenar (p = < 0.001). The results comparing the PPT and PT between the dominant and non-dominant hand revealed a significantly higher PPT in the non-dominant hand reflected across the thenar and hypothenar (t= -6.197, p= <0.01) (t= -2.550, p= 0.012), respectively. In addition, males had higher PPT and PT values (p = <0.05).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that individuals with higher BMI can tolerate more pain. They also indicate that the hypothenar eminence could withstand higher pain levels than the thenar eminence. In addition, our assessment also revealed a higher pain threshold observed in participants' nondominant hands, but the same could not be deduced for the pressure pain tolerance. Furthermore, the results have shown that males could tolerate more pain than females.
Graphite Separation in Sunflower Oil and a Possible Food Monitoring
Sensor via Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Arif Raz Noori 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
As a quick and non-destructive testing method, Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectroscopy has become more popular for identifying food adulteration, manipulation,
and deception. Sunflower oil is a widely used food item that may be contaminated or even
adulterated with potentially harmful chemical substances associated with health issues.

Methods:
In this regard, this study was carried out to examine the applicability of near- and midinfrared
spectroscopy to identify modifications in the pure sunflower oil and sunflower oil dispersed
with graphite. The dispersion of graphite powder in sunflower oil was achieved using the
ultrasonic technique. The samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and transmission
electron microscopy.

Results:
Changes in the FTIR signal were observed, indicating changes in the hydrogen atoms distribution within the solution. The flattened peak at 3470 cm-1 was associated with the overtone of glyceride ester carbonyl absorption compared to pure SO. Additionally, the stretching vibration of carbonyl groups of triglyceride esters occurred as a significant absorption band at 1754 cm-1, and the FTIR absorption at 1447 cm-1 was absent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed transparent layers of graphene sandwiched with sunflower oil with a distinct flake-like shape

Conclusion:
These findings support dispersed graphite in sunflower oil to check the food
quality.
Recurrent Nausea and Vomiting with Weight Loss Associated with Hypothyroidism: Fact or Myth
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Dinkar Anju , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Kailash 
Published: December 2022

Background:Hypothyroidism is a commonly encountered endocrine disorder presenting in various clinical settings. It usually presents with classic manifestations, which are readily recognized and, therefore, easy to diagnose. However, occasionally, patients present with unusual symptoms, which becomes a challenge to diagnose. Thyroid dysfunction affects many body organs, including the gut and viscera. Studies show that intestinal motility might be affected by multiple factors, such as neuromuscular dysfunction, myopathy, or alterations in hormone receptors.Case Presentation:Here, we present the first case of a 21-year-old female student who had complaints of recurrent nausea, vomiting, loose stool, abdominal pain, and weight loss. In the second case, a 25-year-old male student presented with recurrent nausea, vomiting, loose stool, and weight loss. Their unremarkable blood routines and gastrointestinal-specific investigations failed to ascertain the diagnosis. Later, primary hypothyroidism was established by typical biochemical abnormalities.Conclusion:Thyroxine replacement treatment successfully resolved the presenting symptoms and normalized biochemical reports.
Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs Associated with Obesity and their
Relationships with Biochemical Parameters and Health-related Physical
Fitness in Children 6 to 10 Years Old in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Escudero Mildrey Mosquera , Rico-Flórez Carlos Andrés , Solis-Toro Daniel , Arboleda Ana Maria , Hoyos-Quintero Ángela , Bravo-Solarte Diego , Salazar Blanca , Garcia Harry , Ortega Jose Guillermo , Suaréz- Ortegón Milton Fabián , Arboleda-Franco Santiago 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Obesity is a public health problem worldwide; it has reached pandemic proportions in the last 40 years. Its prevalence in children and adolescents increased from 0.7% to 7.8% between 1975 and 2016. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as regulatory factors related to molecular functions under different conditions. These can be used as biomarkers of a disease to estimate risks in the early stages.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the expression levels of miRNAs associated with childhood obesity and their relationships with biochemical parameters and Health-related Physical Fitness (HRPF).

Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a population of 40 children between 6 and 10 years of age of both sexes from Cali, Colombia, was evaluated; the children were classified as 20 normal-weight and 20 obese. Blood biochemistry, HRPF, and miRNA expression levels were determined (hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p. Comparisons were made between the groups, miRNA associations between the studied variables, and linear regression analysis.

Results:
Twenty normal-weight and 20 obese patients were evaluated. Both groups had an average age of eight years old. The miRNA hsa-miR-122-5p (p < 0.05) was overexpressed in the obese group. According to the linear regression analysis, the amount of adipose tissue may be associated with the production of miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-191-5p).

Conclusion:
Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-191-5p) are associated with modifications in biochemical variables of HRPF in this group. Adipose tissue mass could be associated with the production of these miRNAs, thus making them biomarkers of childhood obesity risk.
Case Report: Experience with Cariprazine in Organic Delusional
Disorder in an Elderly with Concomitant Somatic Pathology, Brief
Report
Authors: Darin Evgeny 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Organic disorder remains one of the most pressing issues in practical
psychiatry, especially a disorder dominated by persistent or recurrent delusions. The difficulty
for practitioners is often due to the older age of patients and the burden of concomitant therapeutic
diseases. Modern and potentially promising pharmacological drugs developed in recent
years include partial agonists of D2 and D3 receptors. Currently, there are insufficient publications
of studies on Cariprazine use in various disorders that are not associated with endogenous
pathology.

Case Presentation:
The author presented the results of the patient’s clinical examination with a
complex of psychodiagnostic techniques, instrumental research methods, observation data in
the department, and an analysis of the patient’s medical history. The paper describes the experience
of treating a patient with the latest generation antipsychotic drug Cariprazine.

Results:
The author presents a case report on Cariprazine therapy in a 71-year-old female patient
with a persistent organic delusional disorder with concomitant severe somatic illness.

Conclusion:
Cariprazine showed good efficacy in this case. Delusional symptoms were significantly
reduced, and the author noted a reduction in negative symptoms. Mild side effects of
the drug quickly resolved in the course of treatment.
The key point is that the description of this case may be relevant to justify the need for further
clinical studies on Cariprazine. Further clinical studies of the drug in the treatment of various
mental pathologies may be in demand by specialists around the world.
COVID-19 Mortality and the Cytokine Storm: An Added Value for APOE
Genotyping
Authors: Diambra Luis , Rastmanesh Reza 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The new COVID-19 presents some comorbidities, such as obesity, Alzheimer’s, and coronary
risk, among others. We argue that the current understanding of some of these clinical conditions may
illuminate the design of future COVID-19 studies to account for a bias that may be the cause of the paradoxical
associations between COVID-19 mortality and cytokine storm. Given that we know some of the
genetic mechanisms behind these diseases, it is possible to circumscribe these studies to some key genes
that help us understand why some patients experience a cytokine storm and what the treatment strategies
might be. In this paper, we discuss the role of A2M and APOE genes. A2M encodes a multifaceted protein
which is highly expressed in the liver and released to the bloodstream associated with the apolipoprotein
E. This association depends on the APOE genotype. A2M has protease-clearing activity binding of a
broad range of proteases, such as thrombin and Factor Xa. It also presents the ability to bind to proinflammatory
ligands, like cytokines. Further, A2M acts as chaperone of misfolded substrates, like betaamyloid
peptide. The last two molecular functions grant it a key role in regulating both inflammatory
processes, as well as extracellular protein homeostasis. For these reasons, we conclude that A2M-APOE
association will have prophylactic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications; and the proper understanding
of the physiological role of APOE and A2M in controlling inflammatory processes can shed further light
on the putative treatment of COVID-19-derived cytokine storm.
COVID-19 Associated Pancytopenia (CAP): A Clinical Impact
Authors: Dinkar Anju , Singh Jitendra , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Kailash 
Published: December 2022

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 infection has mild and asymptomatic to critical clinical
course affecting mainly the lungs. Few case reports of COVID-19-associated pancytopenia are
reported, but a series of 18 cases is not described in the literature to date.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate pancytopenia in COVID-19 and its correlation
with severity and to explore the detailed clinical and biochemical information in COVID-19-
associated pancytopenia. This study also highlights pancytopenia's rarity and prognostic value
among COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care
centre at a level 3 COVID care facility that included adults of either sex having positive RT PCR
for COVID-19 from October 2020 to May 2021. Data were collected from the online outpatient
department and hospitalized patients.

Results:
A total of 18 cases were included in the study; 13 were males (72.2%). The mean age was
calculated as 48.56 years. Cases were categorized as severe 13 (72.2%) and non-severe 5 (27.8%)
disease on the first day of pancytopenia. The most common presentations were fever 18 (100%)
and cough 18 (100%), followed by generalized weakness 16 (88.9%), breathlessness 15 (83.3%),
and diarrhoea 10 (55.6%). One case died in the severe disease group. The mean of haemoglobin,
leukocyte count, and platelets in severe vs non-severe disease were calculated as 8.59 vs 8.74,
2339 vs 2578, and 77769 vs 88600, respectively.

Conclusion:
Pancytopenia was more prevalent in severe disease and age group 40-60 years. CAP
was most likely due to secondary bone marrow suppression. It has no prognostic value for disease
outcomes.
The Health Care Trajectories of Older People in Foster Families: Protocol for an Observational Study
Authors: Boucaud-Maitre Denis , Villeneuve Roxane , Simo-Tabué Nadine , Dartigues Jean-François , Amieva Helene , Tabué-Teguo Maturin 
Published: December 2022

Background
With aging of the population, the search for alternative models of care adapted to older people with dependency is necessary. In this setting, foster families (1-3 older people per family) could be an alternative to nursing homes, residential care facilities, or community- and home-based care.

Objective
The KArukera Study of Ageing in Foster Families is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the care pathways of older people with dependency in foster care over a year. The 1-year hospitalization rate (main objective), cost of hospitalization, incidence of mortality, prevalence of geriatric syndromes, and quality of life of residents will be assessed. Quality of life and burnout of their respective foster caregivers will also be studied.

Methods
This study cohort will include 250 older people living in foster families in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), as well as their respective foster caregivers. Both older people and caregivers will be interviewed concurrently on site at three time points: (1) at baseline, (2) at 6 months, and (3) at 12 months. For older people, we will collect anthropometric measures, cognitive impairment, depressive and anxiety symptoms, functional abilities, physical frailty, information on general health status, quality of life, and care pathways (hospitalization, mortality, and medical and paramedical consultations). We will also assess the quality of life and burnout symptoms of family caregivers at each follow-up. A phone update of vital status (alive or death) and care pathways of residents will be carried out at 3 and 9 months after the baseline examination.

Results
Recruitment opened in September 2020 and ended in May 2021, with 109 older people recruited and 56 respective foster caregivers. The 1-year follow-up was ended in June 2022. Data analyses are ongoing and the first results are expected to be published in May 2023.

Conclusions
Foster families are a potentially innovative way to accommodate dependent older people. This study could help define the clinical profile of older people adapted to foster families in the transition from frailty to dependency. The effectiveness of foster families, in terms of hospitalizations and mortality, will be compared with other models of care, particularly nursing homes. In this setting, a twin study carried out in nursing homes in Guadeloupe with similar aims and outcomes will be conducted. Beyond mortality and morbidity, the numerous outcomes will allow us to assess the evolution of geriatric syndromes over time.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04545775; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545775

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/40604
Development of Antarctic Scientific Research and International Scientific Cooperation of China
Authors: Wang Yaxin 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to summarise the current attitude of the Chinese government to Antarctic scientifc research and to characterise Antarctic scientifc research carried out by China as a non-Antarctic country by reviewing the performance of Antarctic scientifc expeditions and scientifc research in China over the last forty years.The author approaches the study from the perspective of three aspects. Firstly, there is a reviewof Chinese government documents of recent years on China’s activities in Antarctica. Particular attention is paid to scientifc research and the Chinese government’s attitude to China’s research activities in Antarctica. Secondly, the history of the development of Chinese scientifc research in the Antarctic is considered. The path traveled by China is described, from sending the frst expeditionary group to Antarctica to the creation of research institutes, higher educational institutions and participation in international cooperation and scientifc programs. Finally, the characterization of the frst two aspects allows the author to analyze the achievements, shortcomings and peculiarities of China’s research activities and international cooperation in Antarctica. The author suggests the relevance of scientifc cooperation and development of research activities in this region from the point of view of China’s strategic interests.The review of ofcial documents made public by the Chinese government in recent years allows the author to use the method of historical analysis to systematically summarize the country’s research activities in Antarctica and study the history of scientifc research. The paper also applies such methods of scientifc research as comparative analysis and statistical analysis.
Developing Students’ Skills of Identifying Reliable Scientific Sources: The Role of a Librarian
Authors: Vasilyeva V. A. , Shilov A. N. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to provide modes of teaching Russian undergraduate students fundamental critical analysis of scientifc papers and ways of identifying misinformation and disinformation in “Academic Writing” discipline. design/methodology/approach. “Academic Writing” discipline was taught to frst-year undergraduate students by scientifc library experts. At a starting period students were asked to complete a questionnaire and perform a test, and then write an essay to identify how students were able to assess Web scientifc literature and verify their “tolerance” to inaccurate and fake scientifc information. Then contact hours on theory and practice of identifying and assessing information were introduced into the curriculum. At the end of the semester lists of works cited in original essays and fnal assays were compared.Findings. The fndings reveal that entirely all frst year undergraduate students lack the ability to diﬀerentiate between qualitative certain scientifc information and misinformation and disinformation, and they willingly borrow anything from the Web. However, students acquired necessary skills to assess information critically using socio-technical systems infrastructures.This was demonstrated with list of literature analysis in students’ essays and peer-checking. originality. It is headline news and social networks when it is necessary to distinguish from authentic and inaccurate information. However, skills of critical assessment of scientifc publications are of vital importance at a starting period of studies. In publications of that sort falsifcations, fabrications and other fake discoveries can lead to reputational and fnancial risks, and then trigger unethical demeanour of future researchers. It is qualifed librarians being experts in electronic resources and data based use who are able to get students to “digital hygiene”.Practical implications. The results of the paper can be used for teaching in university curriculum. Embedding information literacy and academic writing as well as involving information resources into students’ curriculum are aimed at the ability to identify misinformation and disinformation. Librarian-developed “Academic writing” discipline component might be introduced into curriculum as a self-contained short course or a composing element of any students’ academic discipline. All this mitigate the risks of applying low-equality, unverifed and openly fake information in educational and scientifc works.
GAMBARAN BODY IMAGE PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 MARGAASIH
Authors: Saepudin Aep , Hidayat Wahyu , Supriatna Ecep 
Published: December 2022

This study intends to explain how the level of body image in class XI students at SMAN 1 Margaasih. The number of samples used as many as 140 students from a total population of 355 students, or if described 87 female students and 53 male students. Among them there are 22% of students aged 17 years, 68% of students aged 16 years and 10% of students aged 15 years. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with aÂ random sampling technique.Â The data collection instrument used was a non-test technique in the form of a questionnaire taken from Maulida (2020). In this study, it was found that theÂ body imageÂ of class XI students of SMAN 1 Margaasih was generally in the medium category or as much as 72% (101 students), while in the high category it was 16% (23 students), and the low category was 12% (16 students). . The data obtained shows that female students haveÂ body imageÂ a lowerthan male students. This can be explained by the presence of 16 students who are categorized as lowÂ body image, 14 of whom are female students. This is because women generally haveÂ body imageÂ a lowerthan men. An example that can be seen is the feeling of inferiority to their physical possessions and often comparing themselves with others who have more physicality than them. The physical can be in the form of height, weight, attractive face, and skin color.Keywords:Â Body image, Students, SMAN 1 MargaasihÂ Â Â Â