bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Experiences of Caregivers on Child Injuries: A Qualitative Study from Central India
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Ogunbayo Akindayo , Trushna Tanwi , Khare Shweta , Mathur Aditya , Atkins Salla , Diwan Vishal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo explore caregivers’ perceptions of childhood injuries in the rural and urban areas of India, with a focus on causes, consequences, prevention, and treatment. We conducted eight focus group discussions with fifty female caregivers in rural and urban areas of Ujjain in Central India and used thematic content analysis. The caregivers identified how children injured themselves through falls, road traffic injuries, metallic nails and tool injuries, ingestions of foreign objects and poisons, burns, drowning, and suffocation. The reported consequences of injuries ranged from pain, infections, scar formation, phobia, stigma, and emotional stress to complications like physical disability, loss of eyesight, head injury, paralysis, and even death. Many caregivers blamed children and their mischievousness for the injuries and failed to realise/acknowledge the role of better supervision and environmental modifications in injury prevention. Caregivers used several first aid methods to respond to injuries. These included applying pressure to stop bleeding during fall and road traffic injuries, inducing vomiting by giving the poison victims saltwater to drink, and tobacco leaves to chew. In addition, some caregivers resorted to using coconut oil and toothpaste on burnt skin and giving back blows for choking. Caregivers in communities had experiences of different types of child injuries. Further education on need for better supervision, relevant environmental modification and appropriate first aid treatment of various injuries is required.
QSPRs for Predicting Equilibrium Partitioning in Solvent–Air Systems from the Chemical Structures of Solutes and Solvents
Authors: Brown Trevor N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoly-parameter Linear Free Energy Relationships (PPLFERs) based on the Abraham solvation model are a useful tool for predicting and interpreting equilibrium partitioning of solutes in solvent systems. The focus of this work is neutral organic solutes partitioning in neutral organic liquid solvent-air systems. This is a follow-up to previous work (Brown, 2021) which developed predictive empirical correlations between solute descriptors and system parameters, allowing system parameters to be predicted from the solute descriptors of the solvent. A database of solute descriptors, and a database of system parameters supplemented by empirical predictions, form the basis for the development of new Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPRs). A total of 11 QSPRs have been developed for the E, S, A, B and L solute descriptors, and the s, a, b, v, l, and c system parameters. The QSPRs were developed using a group-contribution method referred to as Iterative Fragment Selection. The method includes robust internal and external model validation and a well-defined Applicability Domain, including estimates of prediction uncertainty. System parameters can also be predicted by combining the solute descriptor QSPRs and the empirical correlations. The predictive power of PPLFERs applied using different combinations of experimental data, empirical correlations, and QSPRs are externally validated by predicting partition ratios between solvents and air. The uncertainty for predicting the log10KSA of diverse solutes in diverse solvents using only the new QSPRs and empirical correlations is estimated to be one log10 unit or less.
A threshold explanation for the lack of variation in negative composite time trade-off values
Authors: Roudijk Bram , Donders Rogier , Stalmeier Peep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent studies concluded that for health states considered worse than dead (WTD), as measured with the time trade-off (cTTO) method, negative mean values were insensitive to health state severity, which represents a validity problem for the cTTO. However, the aforementioned studies analysed negative values in isolation, which causes selection bias as the value distribution is truncated.

Aim
To investigate the validity of aforementioned studies and of negative values in general.

Methods
The ‘threshold explanation’ was formulated: beyond a certain severity threshold, preferences change from better than dead (BTD) to WTD. This threshold differs between respondents. Thus, negative values across severity are obtained from different respondents, and responses added for higher severity contribute negative values close to zero, explaining the aforementioned insensitivity. This explanation was tested using data from the Dutch EQ-5D-5L valuation study. Respondents valued 10 health states. Based on respondents’ number of WTD preferences, segments were constructed, containing respondents with similar severity thresholds. Using regression models for each individual respondent, we examined the relation between values and severity and compared respondents between segments.

Results
Negative values, when analysed in isolation, were insensitive to severity. However, for individual respondents and within most segments, cTTO values and severity were negatively related. For individual respondents, negative slopes were steeper for segments with more WTD preferences, as predicted by the threshold explanation.

Discussion
Analysing negative values in isolation leads to biased estimates. Analyses of cTTO values for individual respondents refute the insensitivity of negative cTTO values.
Feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly Europeans: a secondary data analysis using SHARE(d) data
Authors: Buchholz Ines , Marten Ole , Janssen Mathieu F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly European population.

Methods
Secondary data analysis based on the study of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe (SHARE) to determine the percentage of missing items for EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS, and to demonstrate convergent/divergent validity with measures included in the SHARE survey. Known-groups validity was tested using literature-based hypotheses. Correlation coefficients and Cohen’s f are reported.

Results
Missing values were below 3% across all EQ-5D dimensions and gender strata, slightly increasing with age. Individuals’ responses to each EQ-5D dimension were related to their ratings of other measures in expected directions. The EQ VAS and all EQ-5D dimensions (except anxiety/depression) moderately to strongly correlated with physical [e.g. number of limitations in activities of daily living (ADL): r = 0.313–0.658] and generic measures [CASP (control, autonomy, self-realization, pleasure)-19 scale, self-perceived health, number of symptoms: r = 0.318–0.622], while anxiety/depression strongly correlated with the EURO-D scale (r = 0.527). Both EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS discriminated well between two [or more] groups known to differ [e.g. anxiety/depression discriminated well between persons classified as depressed/not depressed using the EURO-D scale, f = 0.51; self-care differentiated best between individuals without and with 1 + ADL limitations, f = 0.69]. Sociodemographic variables like gender, education, and partner in household were hardly associated with EQ VAS scores (f < 0.25).

Conclusion
With item non-response of less than 3%, good discriminatory, and construct properties, the EQ-5D-3L showed to be a feasible and valid measure in the elderly Europeans.
Estimating South African Higher Education Productivity and Its Determinants Using Färe-Primont Index: Are Historically Disadvantaged Universities Catching Up?
Authors: Temoso Omphile , Myeki Lindikaya W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent high dropout and low graduation rates in the South African higher education institutions as well as government funding cuts and the economic uncertainty due to COVID-19 pandemic have heightened the urgency for the higher education sector to improve its productivity. However, empirical evidence on the productivity growth of the sector remains unexplored. To address this gap, we applied a Färe-Primont index approach to a panel data of 22 public universities over an 8-year period to measure total factor productivity (TFP) and its components—technological change, technical, scale and mix efficiency changes. We also used a feasible generalised least squares model to assess the determinants of productivity and efficiency growth. The results show that the average TFP of the sector for the study period was 0.631, led by historically advantaged universities (0.894), whilst historically disadvantaged universities had lower average TFP (0.823). During the period, TFP increased by 3.43%, largely driven by scale and mix efficiency changes (5.32%) and technical efficiency change (0.83%), whilst technical change declined by 1.80%. In terms of university types, the comprehensive universities achieved the largest TFP growth (6.13%) followed by traditional universities (4.85%), and technology universities by 1.41%. TFP growth was positively influenced by student graduation rates, quality of academics and academic-student ratios. Therefore, policy considerations to improve the sector’s productivity and efficiency should consider investment on research and development, adoption of teaching and research innovations, re-skilling through training and education and aligning admission policies with staffing.
Should open access lead to closed research? The trends towards paying to perform research
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wei Yahui , Huang Ying , Sivertsen Gunnar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpen Access (OA) emerged as an important transition in scholarly publishing worldwide during the past two decades. So far, this transition is increasingly based on article processing charges (APC), which create a new paywall on the researchers’ side. Publishing is part of the research process and thereby necessary to perform research. This study analyses the global trends towards paying to perform research by combing observed trends in publishing from 2015 to 2020 with an APC price list. APC expenses have sharply increased among six countries with different OA policies: the USA, China, the UK, France, the Netherlands, and Norway. The estimated global revenues from APC among major publishers now exceed 2 billion US dollars annually. Mergers and takeovers show that the industry is moving towards APC-based OA as the more profitable business model. Research publishing will be closed to those who cannot make an institution or project money payment. Our results lead to a discussion of whether APC is the best way to promote OA.
The contribution of the spatial hydrological niche to species diversity in rare plant communities of English floodplain meadows
Authors: García-Baquero Moneo Gonzalo , Gowing David J. G. , Wallace Hilary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hydrological niche is one of the few below ground spatial environmental niches, which has been shown to structure English floodplain meadows and other European and African herbaceous ecosystems. However, both the relative contribution of hydrological heterogeneity to the structure of English floodplain meadows across spatial scales and the forms of the individual species’ responses to hydrological heterogeneity remain largely unknown. Here, we use a survey database of 2440 evaluation units sampled in 15 English floodplain meadows to dissect the spatial architecture of this metacommunity and describe the relationship between the abundance of individual species and hydrological heterogeneity. Of the tested species, 65% responded to spatial hydrological heterogeneity, with both monotonic and hump-shaped responses. We found that between-site beta-diversity is much stronger than within-site beta-diversity, with between-site scale hydrological variation explaining twice as much variation in community structure as within-site scale. This leads to the conclusion that a conservation strategy of rare plant communities should include not only the preservation of the diversity of local hydrological regimes, but also, specially, the inclusion in the conservation system of as many and environmentally varied local plant communities as possible.
Transoral awake state neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy for mild obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Nokes Brandon , Baptista Peter M. , de Apodaca Paula Martínez Ruiz , Carrasco-Llatas Marina , Fernandez Secundino , Kotecha Bhik , Wong Phui Yee , Zhang Henry , Hassaan Amro , Malhotra Atul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with major neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. The treatment of symptomatic patients with mild OSA remains controversial given that adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) has historically been suboptimal. With this notion in mind, we assessed a daily transoral neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device for individuals with mild OSA.

Methods
The sample represents a subset of participants with a baseline AHI 5–14.9 events/hour, drawn from a parent study which also included participants with primary snoring. Outcome measures for the current study included changes in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and snoring levels before and after use of the NMES.

Results
Among 65 participants (68% men) with median age of 49 years (range 24 to 79) and median BMI of 27.7 kg/m2 (range 20 to 34), the NMES device was used daily for 6 weeks. We observed a significant improvement in the AHI from 10.2 to 6.8 events/hour among all participants and from 10.4 to 5.0 events/h among responders. Statistically significant improvements in the ESS, PSQI, objectively measured snoring, and bed partner-reported snoring were observed. Adherence among all participants was 85%.

Discussion
This NMES device has the benefit of being a treatment modality of daytime therapy which confers a high level of tolerability and patient acceptance. It alleviates the need for an in situ device during sleep and leads to improvements in OSA severity, snoring, and subjective sleep metrics, potentially crucial in mild OSA. Further studies are needed to define which individuals may benefit most from the device across the wider spectrum of OSA severity and assess long-term therapeutic outcomes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03829956.
Validation and psychometric properties of the Italian Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX-I) scale
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Laganà Valentina , Pistininzi Rebecca , Tarantino Francesca , Martin Leslie , Servidio Rocco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the massive volume of scientific evidence on the benefits of immunisation, vaccine hesitancy is still a global health threat and represents an obstacle to controlling the spread of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and its associated COVID-19. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt and validate an Italian version of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale. The Italian version of the scale (VAX-I), along with validation measures (general health perceptions, perceived sensitivity to medicines, intention to get the flu vaccine, and trust in health authorities) were administered to a sample of 534 Italian participants aged 18 to 87 (M = 32.41, SD = 15.35). The original version of the VAX scale was translated into Italian using a back-translation method. The parallel and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the scale’s four-factor structure fits the data well, as in the original version. Reliability coefficients indicated that the VAX-I scale showed good internal consistency and measurement invariance results demonstrated that the VAX-I scale is stable across gender. Construct validity was supported by the significant negative correlation with general health perceptions, intentions to get the flu vaccine, and trust in health authorities, and the weak but significant and positive correlation with perceived sensitivity to medicines. Overall, the VAX-I scale appears to be a valid instrument to assess vaccine hesitancy in the Italian context.
Participant experiences of Fearless Me! ©: Cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Panditaratne Senali , Hronis Anastasia , Roberts Rachel , Kneebone Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch shows that almost half of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience mental ill-health at any given time point. However, traditional cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) may not be appropriate for children with ID due to the cognitive deficits associated with their diagnosis. The Fearless Me! © CBT program for anxiety is adapted to accommodate the cognitive abilities of children with ID. The aim of the current study was to provide the first qualitative evaluation of the Fearless Me! © program by exploring participant experiences. Eight mother–child dyads were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. The responses were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Identified codes and themes were cross-checked with an independent researcher and discrepancies were resolved. Parents found the program to be positive and useful for acquiring knowledge. They commented on features of the program, significance of inter- and intra-personal factors and whether the program suited the capability of their child. They also discussed features of treatment outcomes. The qualitative results highlighted that experiences of the program varied. Themes identified included those relating to barriers and facilitators to participation and treatment-related change. The themes provide guidance for program revisions and can inform future delivery of the Fearless Me! © program.
Safety and efficacy of anagrelide in Japanese post-marketing surveillance, with subgroup analyses on the effect of previous cytoreductive therapies, age, and starting dose
Authors: Komatsu Norio , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Baba Terumi , Otsuka Manami , Akimoto Takafumi , Fernandez Jovelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In Japan, anagrelide has been approved for use in patients with essential thrombocythemia. Here, the safety and efficacy of anagrelide was assessed in clinical practice as post-marketing surveillance. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare patients (1) with or without a history of cytoreductive therapy (CRT), (2) <60 or ≥60 years of age, and (3) with an anagrelide starting dose of ≤0.5 mg/day or 1.0 mg/day.

Methods
Data were collected for all patients who received anagrelide, with an observation period of 12 months after treatment initiation.

Results
Of the 648 patients, 54.3% experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The most commonly reported ADRs were headaches, palpitations, and anemia. No significant difference was observed in overall ADRs across patient subgroups. A significantly higher incidence of headaches was observed in patients < 60 years versus those ≥ 60 years (P < 0.001). The incidence of anemia and serious ADRs were significantly higher in patients ≥ 60 years, and those with a history of CRT (P < 0.05). The discontinuation rate at 6 months was significantly lower in patients started at the lower anagrelide dose (P < 0.05). Platelet counts decreased in all analyzed groups.

Conclusions
This surveillance showed that anagrelide has a tolerable safety and efficacy profile.
Cantera Gorria and Red Ereño: Natural and Cultural Geoheritage (Basque Country, Spain)
Authors: Damas Mollá Laura , Aranburu Arantza , García-Garmilla Francisco , Uriarte Jesus Ángel , Zabaleta Ane , Bodego Arantxa , Sagarna Maialen , Antiguedad Iñaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConstruction and ornamental stones are important elements of cultural heritage and geoheritage. The quarries, where these materials are extracted, are a type of site that combines these two types of heritage. Both the ornamental character of the rock and its place of origin can be deeply rooted in the local society. Red Ereño is a red micritic limestone (Lower Cretaceous) with abundant white rudist fossil shells. This stone has been exploited since Roman times in the north of the Iberian Peninsula (Basque Country, Spain) and exported internationally. The main quarry related to the extraction of Red Ereño, Cantera Gorria, is currently a cultural and geoheritage site. This emblematic site brings together numerous geologic (palaeontological, petrological, geomorphological and tectonic) and mining features that make it a reference point for both research and teaching activities. The link between geoheritage and cultural heritage that exists in Cantera Gorria is evident and makes this place an essential point for dissemination of geology as well as for tourism. The quarry is currently abandoned, and because of this, there is an urgent need for its protection and development, and in order to increase awareness of its importance and potential use.
A systematic review of technologies and standards used in the development of rule-based clinical decision support systems
Authors: Papadopoulos Petros , Soflano Mario , Chaudy Yaelle , Adejo Wilson , Connolly Thomas M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is a technology platform that uses medical knowledge with clinical data to provide customised advice for an individual patient's care. CDSSs use rules to encapsulate expert knowledge and rules engines to infer logic by evaluating rules according to a patient's specific information and related medical facts. However, CDSSs are by nature complex with a plethora of different technologies, standards and methods used to implement them and it can be difficult for practitioners to determine an appropriate solution for a specific scenario. This study's main goal is to provide a better understanding of different technical aspects of a CDSS, identify gaps in CDSS development and ultimately provide some guidelines to assist their translation into practice. We focus on issues related to knowledge representation including use of clinical ontologies, interoperability with EHRs, technology standards, CDSS architecture and mobile/cloud access.This study performs a systematic literature review of rule-based CDSSs that discuss the underlying technologies used and have evaluated clinical outcomes. From a search that yielded an initial set of 1731 papers, only 15 included an evaluation of clinical outcomes. This study has found that a large majority of papers did not include any form of evaluation and, for many that did include an evaluation, the methodology was not sufficiently rigorous to provide statistically significant results. From the 15 papers shortlisted, there were no RCT or quasi-experimental studies, only 6 used ontologies to represent domain knowledge, only 2 integrated with an EHR system, only 5 supported mobile use and only 3 used recognised healthcare technology standards (and all these were HL7 standards). Based on these findings, the paper provides some recommendations for future CDSS development.
A computational framework to support the treatment of bedsores during COVID-19 diffusion
Authors: Di Martino Ferdinando , Orciuoli Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe treatment of pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, is a complex process that requires to employ specialized field workforce assisting patients in their houses. In the period of COVID-19 or during any other non-trivial emergency, reaching the patients in their own house is impossible. Therefore, as well as in the other sectors, the adoption of digital technologies is invoked to solve, or at least mitigate, the problem. In particular, during the COVID-19, the social distances should be maintained in order to decrease the risk of contagion. The Project Health Management Systems proposes a complete framework, based on Deep Learning, Augmented Reality. Pattern Matching, Image Segmentation and Edge Detection approaches, to support the treatment of bedsores without increasing the risk of contagion, i.e., improving the remote aiding of specialized operators and physicians and involving inexperienced familiars in the process.