bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Vitamin D Levels with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jauhari Reenoo , Mathur Prashant , Gupta Vineeta 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare vitamin D status in, women with PCOS & fertile women without PCOS and its subsequent evaluation.
Introduction: PCOS is an endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age, characterised by obesity, hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS tend to be overweight and have increased risk of development of Type II Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exact Etiology of PCOS still remain an enigmatic dilemma however various studies conducted till date include diet and lifestyle modification as the key factor to promote health, BMI, reduced hyperinsulinemia and reduce the risk of development of PCOS.
Main aim of our study was to compare vitamin D status in women having PCOS, with fertile women in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand.
Methodology: The conducted study was cross sectional, involving the enrolment of 100 women comprising of 50 women with PCOS and 50 fertile women without PCOS. Participants were selected from gynaecological OPD at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, associated with Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun from July 2019 to January 2020. The diagnostic criteria of PCOS used was the Rotterdam criteria. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and other metabolic markers were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25 (OH) D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml measured on an instrument named as miniVidas (BioMerieux, Germany) based on ELFA (enzyme linked fluorescent assay).
Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to fertile controls (p< 0.0001), and the prevalence rates of 25(OH) D deficiency and insufficiency were higher in women with PCOS than in fertile women (p < 0.0001). The study results showed that the prevalence of 25 (OH) D deficiencies in PCOS women was significantly high. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (P < 0.05). In comparison, serum 25 (OH) D concentrations were significantly positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Increased BMI and WHR, high levels of fasting insulin, total cholesterol and LDL-C were regarded as risk factors, but high level of HDL-C was considered to be protective factor of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS women.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that women with PCOS have a significantly lower 25(OH) D compared to fertile controls. A compromised vitamin D status in PCOS women is associated with a higher prevalence and metabolic risk of PCOS in women.
Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Khat (Catha edulis forsk) on Prefrontal Cortex Oxidative Markers and Hematological Profile of Wistar Rats
Authors: Mbina Solomon Adomi , Mada Sanusi Bello , Eze Ejike Daniel , Ajayi Clement Olusoji , Ifie Josiah Eseoghene , Usman Ibe Michael , Terkimbi Swase Dominic , Pastori Mujinya , Stellamaris Kembabazi , Rechael Mpumbya Jackie , Daniel Okumu , Odoma Saidi 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Catha edulis on the prefrontal cortex oxidative markers and hematological profile of Wistar rats.
Study Design: The study design was experimental.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Uganda and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. Between January and May, 2021.
Methodology: Fresh C. edulis leaves were collected after on-spot identification, and authenticated before being chopped into small pieces and pulverized mechanically. The powdered material was extracted through cold maceration using 70% ethanol for 72 h. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to dryness at 40oC using rotary evaporator. The lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was determined using acute toxicity test. The sub-acute toxicity of the crude extract was evaluated by orally administering daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to the male Wistar rats for 28 days. The animals were monitored for mortality, behavioral and physiological signs of toxicity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using standard methods. The blood samples were analyzed using the automated hematology analyzer: Mindray BC-6000. Shenzhen, China.
Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the C. edulis leaf extract was greater than 5000mg/kg b w. The SOD and CAT activities of C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased in C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group. There was no significant change in the hematological parameters, however, there were slight variations in the WBC and RBC counts in some C. edulis treated groups.
Conclusion: Long term chewing of C. edulis could result in oxidative stress. It is therefore important for chronic C. edulis leaf chewers to take caution.
Making Space for Green Work
Authors: Siravo Julian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an architect and urban designer, and a co‐director of think tank Autonomy UK, Julian Siravo asks some fundamental questions about our everyday life. What, for example, is ‘green’ work, what is a ‘green’ commute, what is a ‘green’ office, and is care work ‘green’? Do we need a radical shift in the way we conduct our lives and manage the economies that sustain us? Here he speculates on such a future.
An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals
Authors: Lin Xiuzhu , Bing Yu , Li Fan , Mei Haixia , Liu Sen , Fei Teng , Zhao Hongran , Zhang Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins) are a promising design paradigm for health care systems and human–machine interactions. Piezoresistive sensors made with simple structures, high sensitivity, mass production methods, light weight, and comfort for long‐term wearing and physiological signal monitoring remain a challenge and are urgently desirable. Here, a breathable and lightweight all‐nanofiber piezoresistive (ANFP) sensor is presented, which is composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibers (NFs). A specific interpenetrating network of conductive polyvinylpyrrolidone NFs coated by polypyrrole (PVP@PPy) and insulating polyacrylonitrile NFs is constructed by controlling the vapor growth position of PPy to enhance the sensitivity. The ANFP sensor can achieve the real‐time monitoring of multiple parts of physiological signals, and a wireless detection system is designed for the online monitoring of human pulses. The NF network endows excellent breathability and heat dissipation to the ANFP sensors during practical application, which ensures comfort and device stability during long‐term wearing. Finally, a pressure sensing array with 5 × 5 pixels is fabricated to demonstrate the potential applications in spatial pressure detection. This work provides a viable strategy to improve the wearability of e‐skins, which can promote health care and human–machine interaction applications.
Silk Protein Based Volatile Threshold Switching Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhao Momo , Wang Saisai , Li Dingwei , Wang Rui , Li Fanfan , Wu Mengqi , Liang Kun , Ren Huihui , Zheng Xiaorui , Guo Chengchen , Ma Xiaohua , Zhu Bowen , Wang Hong , Hao Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMemristors based neuromorphic devices can efficiently process complex information and fundamentally overcome the bottleneck of traditional computing based on von Neumann architecture. Meanwhile, natural biomaterials have attracted significant attention for biologically integrated electronic devices due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and controllable biodegradability. Thus, biomaterial‐based memristors may have a transformative impact on bridging electronic neuromorphic systems and biological systems. However, the working voltage in biological system is low, but the operation voltages of conventional memristors are high, violating the energy‐efficient biological system. Here, high‐performance silk fibroin‐based threshold switching (TS) memristors are demonstrated, which reveal an on‐current of 1 mA, a low threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.17 V, a high selectivity of 3 × 106, and a steep turn‐on slope of <2.5 mV dec–1. Meanwhile, the silk TS devices depict outstanding device uniformity and stability even at high humidity (80%) and temperature (70 °C) environments. The silk TS devices exhibit typical short‐term plasticity (STP) of biological synapses including pair‐pulse facilitation (PPF). More importantly, a leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) artificial neuron is successfully realized based on the volatile characteristics of silk TS memristors. These achievements pave the way for utilizing silk biomaterials in advanced bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing.
Second‐Order Autocorrelation Function of Spectrally Filtered Light From an Incoherently Pumped Two‐Level System
Authors: Panyukov Ivan V. , Shishkov Vladislav Yu. , Andrianov Evgeny S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight with zero second‐order autocorrelation function, g(2)(0), emitted by single‐photon source (SPS), for example, two‐level system (TLS), is usually considered as being in a Fock state with one photon in a certain electromagnetic mode of free space. However, real SPSs have finite linewidths and excite all modes lying within the linewidth. It is shown that the zero value of g(2)(0) of light emitted by an incoherently pumped TLS is a consequence of the quantum interference of electromagnetic modes lying within the linewidth. Applying the quantum regression theorem for out‐of‐time‐ordered correlation functions, an analytical expression for g(2)(0) is obtained for the light emitted by a TLS and passed through a spectral filter. It is shown that narrowing the spectral width of the band‐pass filter inevitably leads to an increase in g(2)(0). is found and it is demonstrated that certain spectral filters lead to its nonmonotonic time dependence. These results open up the possibility of controlling the statistics of the emitted light using a spectral filter, which can find applications in quantum communication and cryptography.
The ARTISTIC Online Calculator: Exploring the Impact of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrode Manufacturing Parameters Interactively Through Your Browser
Authors: Lombardo Teo , Caro Fernando , Ngandjong Alain C. , Hoock Jean‐Baptiste , Duquesnoy Marc , Delepine Jean Charles , Ponchelet Adrien , Doison Sylvain , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents the ARTISTIC online calculator, a web platform that enables both experimental and computational researchers to access the ARTISTIC project three‐dimensional (3D) manufacturing models. This platform is free of charge and utilizes a user‐friendly interface to guide users among the different manufacturing steps and their parameters. The current version of the online calculator accounts for the slurry phase, its drying, and electrode calendering; it gives access to a variety of relevant parameters, as slurry solid content, electrode formulation, particle size distribution, and drying/calendering conditions. To utilize this platform, the user should simply register freely to the ARTISTIC computational portal, select the manufacturing parameters of interest, and launch the simulations through the user‐friendly interface. As soon as the simulation ends, the user who launched it receives an email with the links to visualize and recover the resulting electrode/slurry microstructure. Furthermore, all the results obtained through this platform are shared among all the users, i. e., everyone can visualize and recover all the microstructures available. Therefore, this platform also constitutes an open‐access database linking manufacturing conditions and simulated electrode microstructures. In addition, these microstructures can be embedded straightforwardly in electrochemical models. In brief, we hope that the battery community will see this online platform as a tool to explore the vast manufacturing parameter space accessible through our 3D models and to establish a deeper knowledge of the manufacturing‐microstructure‐electrochemistry relationships in a collaborative and fully transparent way.
Two‐dimensional electronic spectrum simulation of simple photosynthetic complex models with semi‐classical Poisson bracket mapping equation
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Rhee Young Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs understanding experimentally observed two‐dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals usually requires theoretical modeling, various approaches have been applied to simulating the spectra. It will be desirable to develop a method that is free from parameters that are adjusted based on spectroscopic outcomes. Often, such parameters without any a priori known information come from quantum chemical calculations that can only be achieved at the atomistic resolution, and a necessity arises for designing a scheme that can be readily used for generating 2DES spectra even for atomistic models of complex systems. Here, we present such an approach based on mixed quantum‐classical Poisson bracket mapping equation formalism, which can be extended to all‐atom simulations. We check its performance by adopting a two‐state toy model and show that we can efficiently construct 2D spectra. We show that our scheme can yield reasonable 2D spectra even when high‐frequency vibrations modulate the population dynamics.
The pharmacokinetic characteristics and excretion studies of fucosterol from Sargasssum fusiforme in rats
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Zhang Junfang , Zhan Na , Yang Shuang , Yu Mingming , Liu Hongbing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFucosterol is the main phytosterol in brown algae with various pharmacological effects such as cholesterol‐lowering, anticancer, hepatoprotection and neuroprotection. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics and excretion characteristics of fucosterol. In this study, a GC–MS method was developed and validated for the determination of fucosterol in rat plasma, urine and feces. The method effectively avoids the interference of Δ5‐avenasterol, a cis–trans‐isomer of fucosterol derived from feed, by using a TG‐5 capillary column (a nonpolar column with 5% phenyl‐methylpolysilicone as stationary phase material). The linearity ranges were fucosterol 0.300–18.0 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9960) for plasma, 0.0500–2.50 μg/ml for the urine sample (R2 = 0.9963) and 0.100–8.00 μg/mg (R2 = 0.9923) for the feces sample. With good extraction recoveries and stability, this rapid and sensitive method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and excretion studies of fucosterol in Sprague–Dawley rats. Fucosterol from Sargassum fusiforme had poor absorption and slow elimination with an absolute oral bioavailability of 0.74%, and was mainly eliminated through fecal excretion.
α‐Glucosidase inhibitors screening from Cyclocarya paliurus based on spectrum–effect relationship and UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: He Fu‐Qin , Li Yan‐Jun , Guo Zhao‐Hui , Chen Juan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyclocarya paliurus is an edible and medicinal plant exhibiting significant hypoglycemic effect. However, its active components are still unclear and need further elucidation. In this research, the active components of the leaves of C. paliurus responsible for the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity were screened and identified based on a spectrum–effect relationship study in combination with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The 70% ethanol eluate fraction of the leaves of C. paliurus with the strongest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity was obtained after extraction and purification with macroporous resin. Their chromatographic fingerprints (15 batches) were established by UPLC analysis and 32 common peaks were specified by similarity analysis. Their IC50 values for α‐glucosidase inhibition were measured by an enzymatic reaction. Several multivariate statistical analysis methods including hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, partial least square analysis and gray relational analysis were applied to explore the spectrum–effect relationship between common peaks and IC50 values, and the chromatographic peaks making a large contribution to efficacy were screened out. To further elucidate the active components of leaves of C. paliurus, the 70% ethanol eluate fraction was characterized by UPLC–MS/MS analysis, and 10 compounds were identified. This study provides a valuable reference for further research and development of hypoglycemic active components of C. paliurus.
UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS‐based metabolite profiling of duvelisib and establishment of its metabolism mechanisms
Authors: Sonawane Dipali , Sahu Amit Kumar , Jadav Tarang , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuvelisib is a dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3 kinase that received global approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018 to treat follicular lymphoma after at least two prior systemic therapies. An extensive literature search revealed that, to date, metabolites of duvelisib have not been characterized and information on them is not available in any of the literature. Moreover, the metabolism pathway is yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate and characterize the metabolites of duvelisib generated in microsomes and S9 fractions. In this study, five duvelisib metabolites were identified using UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS analysis technique. The structural characterization of the metabolites was performed by comparing the fragmentation pattern of duvelisib and its metabolites through an accurate mass measurement technique. Three metabolites were generated through phase I hydroxylation and dechlorination reactions. The other two metabolites were generated through a phase II glucuronidation reaction. The metabolism mechanism established through this study can be useful to improve the safety profile of drugs of similar categories in the future after establishment of the toxicity profile of the identified metabolites.
Electroreforming of Glucose/Xylose Mixtures On PdAu Based Nanocatalysts
Authors: Rafaïdeen Thibault , Baranton Stève , Coutanceau Christophe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electroreforming of glucose/xylose mixtures has been evaluated at Pd1‐xAux/C anodes in 0.10 mol L−1 NaOH electrolyte. The catalysts synthesized by a wet chemistry route are comprehensively characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. From linear scan voltammetry and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, it was shown that the Pd0.3Au0.7/C material led to the best electrocatalytic behavior towards the electrooxidation of glucose/xylose mixtures in terms of activity (higher current densities at lower potentials) and selectivity (lower dissociative adsorption). Six‐hour chronoamperometry measurements were performed at 293 K in a 25 cm2 electrolysis cell at +0.4 V and +0.6 V and the reaction products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The main products were gluconate and xylonate, but the contributions of xylose to all formed products was always lower in percentages than the initial xylose ratios in solutions, showing that glucose was more electro‐reactive than xylose at Pd0.3Au0.7 surface.
Cytokeratin 19 expression in intrathoracic neoplasms: First study utilizing cellblocks, evaluating the role of a rarely used cytokeratin for lung cancers
Authors: Verma Vikrant , Rao Ram Nawal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytokeratin 19 (CK19) is low‐molecular weight CK with widespread expression in various malignancies including those of lung, colon, and breast. Occasional studies have also indicated prognostic utility of CK19 in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas, with better prognosis among squamous cell carcinoma cases with strong CK19 immunostaining. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and potential roles of CK19 immunostaining in cases of carcinoma lung as well as other metastatic intrathoracic neoplasms.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐center study of 2 years duration, during which 233 cases of endobronchial ultrasound guided aspiration of the intrathoracic lesions were examined. After excluding the cases without cellblock, with inadequate samples, with benign diagnosis, and excluding the lymphoma cases, finally 31 neoplastic cases were evaluated for expression of cytokeratin 19.ResultsDiffuse cytoplasmic staining for CK19 was noted in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (18/19 cases), while the expression in small cell carcinomas was low (2/5 cases). CK19 was also positive in mediastinal lymph node metastasis from a case each of papillary thyroid carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast (1/2 cases). It showed focal faint staining in a case of mediastinal mesenchymal neoplasm and was negative in both the cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.ConclusionsCK19 is a highly sensitive but nonspecific marker for nonsmall cell lung cancers. However, owing to diffuse staining pattern in most of these cases, role of its staining intensity as a predictor of prognosis could not be evaluated.
The role of visual attention in dyslexia: Behavioral and neurobiological evidence
Authors: Taran Nikolay , Farah Rola , DiFrancesco Mark , Altaye Mekibib , Vannest Jennifer , Holland Scott , Rosch Keri , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPoor phonological processing has typically been considered the main cause of dyslexia. However, visuo‐attentional processing abnormalities have been described as well. The goal of the present study was to determine the involvement of visual attention during fluent reading in children with dyslexia and typical readers. Here, 75 children (8–12 years old; 36 typical readers, 39 children with dyslexia) completed cognitive and reading assessments. Neuroimaging data were acquired while children performed a fluent reading task with (a) a condition where the text remained on the screen (Still) versus (b) a condition in which the letters were being deleted (Deleted). Cognitive assessment data analysis revealed that visual attention, executive functions, and phonological awareness significantly contributed to reading comprehension in both groups. A seed‐to‐voxel functional connectivity analysis was performed on the fluency functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Typical readers showed greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the left angular gyrus while performing the Still and Deleted reading tasks versus children with dyslexia. Higher connectivity values were associated with higher reading comprehension. The control group showed increased functional connectivity between the ventral attention network and the fronto‐parietal network during the Deleted text condition (compared with the Still condition). Children with dyslexia did not display this pattern. The results suggest that the synchronized activity of executive, visual attention, and reading‐related networks is a pattern of functional integration which children with dyslexia fail to achieve. The present evidence points toward a critical role of visual attention in dyslexia.