bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDOL deficiency inhibits cholesterol-rich diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits
Authors: Koike Tomonari , Koike Yui , guo Yanhong , Yang Dongshan , Song Jun , Xu Jie , Zhao Xiangjie , Zhu Tianqing , Li Ruiting , Wen Bo , Sun Duxin , Rom Oren , Han Renzhi , Fan Jianglin , Garcia-Barrio Minerva T. , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL (Inducible Degrader of the LDL-Receptor) contributes to regulation of cholesterol metabolism through degradation of LDLR, VLDLR and ApoER2. Human genetic studies support the hypothesis that IDOL could serve as a target for the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, species-specific differences in overall lipid metabolism and IDOL regulation require new preclinical models to realize its therapeutic potential. We leveraged the advantages afforded by the rabbit model to address those limitations and generated a novel rabbit IDOL knockout, which we characterized in the context of atherosclerosis.METHODSIDOL-/- rabbits were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. IDOL-/- and wildtype littermates, on standard (SD) and atherogenic high-cholesterol diets (HCDs) were compared through assessment of lipid and lipoprotein profiles, triglyceride clearance, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, liver pathology, atherosclerosis development, and fecal cholesterol, with bile acid contents assessed by mass spectrometry.ResultsHepatic IDOL expression was increased in response to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia induced by HCD. On SD, loss of IDOL increased LDLR stability with reduced total cholesterol in plasma. On HCD, IDOL-/- rabbits showed simultaneous and remarkable reduction in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with enhanced lipid clearance and LPL activity as well as increased bile acid excretion in feces. IDOL-/- rabbits presented markedly reduced HCD-induced atherosclerosis in the aorta and left coronary artery, without enhanced liver steatosis.CONCLUSIONSLoss of IDOL in rabbits recapitulates human genetic findings, thus setting the stage to accelerate preclinical studies towards development of strategies targeting IDOL for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Translation rate prediction and regulatory motif discovery with multi-task learning
Authors: Zheng Weizhong , Fong John H.C. , Wan Yuk Kei , Chu Athena H.Y. , Huang Yuanhua , Wong Alan S.L. , Ho Joshua W.K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany studies have found that sequence in the 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) impacts the translation rate of an mRNA, but the regulatory grammar that underpins this translation regulation remains elusive. Deep learning methods deployed to analyse massive sequencing datasets offer new solutions to motif discovery. However, existing works focused on extracting sequence motifs in individual datasets, which may not be generalisable to other datasets from the same cell type. We hypothesise that motifs that are genuinely involved in controlling translation rate are the ones that can be extracted from diverse datasets generated by different experimental techniques. In order to reveal more generalised cis-regulatory motifs for RNA translation, we develop a multi-task translation rate predictor,MTtrans, to integrate information from multiple datasets. Compared to single-task models,MTtransreaches a higher prediction accuracy in all the benchmarked datasets generated by various experimental techniques. We show that features learnt in human samples are directly transferable to another dataset in yeast systems, demonstrating its robustness in identifying evolutionarily conserved sequence motifs. Furthermore, our newly generated experimental data corroborated the effect of most of the identified motifs based onMTtranstrained using multiple public datasets, further demonstrating the utility ofMTtransfor discovering generalisable motifs.MTtranseffectively integrates biological insights from diverse experiments and allows robust extraction of translation-associated sequence motifs in 5’UTR.
Disentangling object category representations driven by dynamic and static visual input
Authors: Robert Sophia , Ungerleider Leslie G. , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHumans can label and categorize objects in a visual scene with high accuracy and speed—a capacity well-characterized with neuroimaging studies using static images. However, motion is another cue that could be used by the visual system to classify objects. To determine how motion-defined object category information is processed in the brain, we created a novel stimulus set to isolate motion-defined signals from other sources of information. We extracted movement information from videos of 6 object categories and applied the motion to random dot patterns. Using these stimuli, we investigated whether fMRI responses elicited by motion cues could be decoded at the object category level in functionally defined regions of occipitotemporal and parietal cortex. Participants performed a one-back repetition detection task as they viewed motion-defined stimuli or static images from the original videos. Linear classifiers could decode object category for both stimulus formats in all higher order regions of interest. More posterior occipitotemporal and ventral regions showed higher accuracy in the static condition and more anterior occipitotemporal and dorsal regions showed higher accuracy in the dynamic condition. Significantly above chance classification accuracies were also observed in all regions when training and testing the SVM classifier across stimulus formats. These results demonstrate that motion-defined cues can elicit widespread robust category responses on par with those elicited by luminance cues in regions of object-selective visual cortex. The informational content of these responses overlapped with, but also demonstrated interesting distinctions from, those elicited by static cues.Significance StatementMuch research on visual object recognition has focused on recognizing objects in static images. However, motion cues are a rich source of information that humans might also use to categorize objects. Here, we present the first study to compare neural representations of several animate and inanimate objects when category information is presented in two formats: static cues or isolated dynamic cues. Our study shows that while higher order brain regions differentially process object categories depending on format, they also contain robust, abstract category representations that generalize across format. These results expand our previous understanding of motion-derived animate and inanimate object category processing and provide useful tools for future research on object category processing driven by multiple sources of visual information.
Bacterial Infection of the Placenta Induces Sex-Specific Responses in the Fetal Brain
Authors: Lee Kun Ho , Kiupel Matti , Woods Thomas , Pingle Prachee , Hardy Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUNDEpidemiological data indicate that prenatal infection is associated with an increased risk of several neurodevelopmental disorders in the progeny. These disorders display sex differences in presentation. The role of the placenta, which is a target of prenatal infection, in the sex-specificity of neurodevelopmental abnormalities is unknown. We used an imaging-based animal model of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to identify sex-specific effects of placental infection on neurodevelopment of the fetus.METHODSPregnant CD1 mice were infected with a bioluminescent strain of Listeria on embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). Excised fetuses were imaged on E18.5 to identify the infected placentas. The associated fetal brains were analyzed for gene expression and altered brain structure due to infection. The behavior of adult offspring affected by prenatal Listeria infection was analyzed.RESULTSPlacental infection induced sex-specific alteration of gene expression patterns in the fetal brain and resulted in abnormal cortical development correlated with placental infection levels. Furthermore, male offspring exhibited abnormal social interaction, whereas females exhibited elevated anxiety.CONCLUSIONPlacental infection by Listeria induced sex-specific abnormalities in neurodevelopment of the fetus. Prenatal infection also affected the behavior of the offspring in a sex-specific manner.ImpactPlacental infection with Listeria monocytogenes induces sexually dichotomous gene expression patterns in the fetal brain.Abnormal cortical lamination is correlated with placental infection levels.Placental infection results in autism related behavior in male offspring and heightened anxiety level in female offspring.
Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II sensitizes bacteria to antimicrobial fatty acids
Authors: Sidders Ashelyn E. , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Beam Jenna E. , Bui Duyen T. , Parsons Joshua B. , Rowe Sarah E. , Conlon Brian P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntibiotic tolerance and antibiotic resistance are the two major obstacles to the efficient and reliable treatment of bacterial infections. Identifying antibiotic adjuvants that sensitize resistant and tolerant bacteria to antibiotic killing may lead to the development of superior treatments with improved outcomes. Vancomycin, a lipid II inhibitor, is of major clinical importance for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Here we show that unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and vancomycin act synergistically to rapidly kill S. aureus, including vancomycin tolerant and resistant populations. Our results suggest that antibiotic-mediated accumulation of lipid II at the septum facilitates membrane invasion by antimicrobial UFAs. UFA-vancomycin dual treatment generates large fluid patches of flexible lipids in the membrane leading to protein delocalization, aberrant septal formation, and loss of membrane integrity. This mechanism of synergy may be exploited for the development of new antibiotic therapies that target lipid II to combat both antibiotic tolerance and resistance.
Identification of sex-determining loci in hybridizing Catostomus fish species
Authors: Pyne Cassandre B. , McFarlane S. Eryn , Mandeville Elizabeth G. 
Published: May 2022

1AbstractDespite the near-universality of gonochorism (separate sexes) in eukaryotic organisms, the underlying mechanisms of sex determination are poorly understood and highly variable in some taxa. Sex determination mechanisms may promote or impede reproductive isolation depending on whether mechanisms are similar between related species, so identifying genomic regions associated with sex determination is especially relevant for understanding evolutionary diversification and hybridization between closely related species. In Catostomus fishes, contemporary hybridization is variable and extensive, but factors influencing hybridization dynamics are not fully understood. In the present study, we aim to describe the genetic basis of sex determination in bluehead (Catostomus discobolus) and white suckers (Catostomus commersonii ) to understand the potential impact of sex determination on reproductive isolation. We used genotyping-by-sequencing data from Catostomus species and their hybrids to identify regions of the genome associated with sex using a genome-wide association study and the identification of sex-specific loci. We identified a genetic basis of sex determination in Catostomus fishes, with a region of the genome significantly associating with sex in bluehead suckers. This region is suggestive of a master sex-determining region in bluehead suckers but is not significant in white suckers, implying that either the sex-determining region of the genome differs in these two species that hybridize, or that sample size was insufficient to identify this genomic region in white suckers. By describing and comparing sex-determination systems across Catostomus fish species, we highlight the relationship between sex determining systems and hybridization in closely related fish species.
Clemastine fumarate enhances myelination and promotes functional recovery in a syndromic ASD mouse model of Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome
Authors: Bohlen Joseph F. , Cleary Colin M. , Das Debamitra , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Sadowski Norah L. , Shim Gina , Kenney Rakaia F. , Buchler Ingrid P. , Mulkey Daniel K. , Maher Brady J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the Transcription Factor 4 gene (TCF4). One pathobiological process caused by Tcf4 mutation is a cell autonomous reduction in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelination. In this study, we show that clemastine is effective at restoring myelination defects in a PTHS mouse model. In vitro, clemastine treatment reduced excess oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and normalized OL density. In vivo, two-week intraperitoneal administration of clemastine also normalized OPC and OL density in the cortex of Tcf4 mutant mice and appeared to increase the number of axons undergoing myelination, as EM imaging of the corpus callosum showed a significant increase in uncompacted myelin. Importantly, this treatment paradigm resulted in functional rescue by improving electrophysiology and behavior. Together, these results provide preclinical evidence that remyelination therapies may be beneficial in PTHS and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by demyelination.
Global genomic epidemiology, resistome, virulome and plasmidome of the Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) ST38 lineage
Authors: Fonseca Érica L. , Morgado Sérgio M. , Vicente Ana Carolina P. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTMost of the extraintestinal human infections worldwide are determined by some specific Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) lineages, which also present a zoonotic character. One of these lineages belongs to ST38, which is considered a uropathogenic/enteroaggregative E. coli hybrid and a high-risk globally disseminated ExPEC. To get insights on the aspects of ST38 epidemiology and evolution as a multidrug resistant and pathogenic lineage, this study performed a global comparative genomic analysis on ST38 genomes. A total of 376 genomes recovered from environments, humans, livestock, wild and domestic animals in all continents throughout three decades were analyzed considering the ST38 phylogenomics, resistome, plasmidome, and virulome. In general, our analyses revealed that, independently of host sources and geographic origin, these genomes were distributed in two clusters comprising clonal and non-clonal genomes. Moreover, the ST38 accessory genome was not strictly associated with clusters and sub-clusters. Interestingly, the High Pathogenicity Island (HPI) prevailed in the major cluster (cluster 2), which comprised most of the genomes from human origin recovered worldwide (2000 to 2020). In addition, the ExPEC ST38 harbors a huge and diverse plasmidome that might contribute to the evolution of this lineage, reflecting in ST38 ability to live in a diversity of niches as a commensal or pathogenic organism.
Corporate board diversity and carbon disclosure: evidence from France
Authors: Elleuch Lahyani Fathia 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the association between carbon disclosure and board diversity by drawing on a multiple theoretica frameworks that embody five dimensions, namely, board nationality, gender, independence, tenure and age, within firms with varying decarbonization performance and industry carbon impact.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the generalized method of moments approach. The sample includes Société des Bourses Françaises 120 (SBF 120) nonfinancial French listed firms for a period of 10 years (2010–2019).

Findings
Being sensitive to increased stakeholders’ information demands, diverse boards tend to disclose a higher volume of carbon information to improve environmental transparency and protect firm legitimacy. Findings show that board independence and nationality play a key role in enhancing carbon disclosure.

Research limitations/implications
The authors’ evidence underscores the crucial role of board diversity in shaping sustainability strategies and disclosure in an economy targeting carbon neutrality. The study encourages management and policymakers to increase board diversity that goes beyond gender diversity.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the role of board diversity as a multidimensional concept in enhancing the carbon disclosure of SBF 120 large firms, which are subject to communicating their contributions to reducing their carbon footprint.
Conceptual arguments on the use of unlatched reverse swing “flappy” door smoke control systems in residential buildings
Authors: Hopkin Charlie , Lay Simon 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe proposed use of unlatched, reverse swing flappy doors is becoming widespread in the design of residential common corridor smoke control systems. This article explores the conceptual arguments for and against the use of these systems.Design/methodology/approachThis article relies on industry experience, with reference to relevant building design practices, standards and research literature, to categorise arguments. These are collated into four common areas of concern relating to compartmentation, reliability, depressurisation and modelling practices. A final comparison is made between different common corridor smoke control system types for these four areas.FindingsThe article highlights several concerns around the use of flappy door systems, including the enforced breaches in stair compartmentation, uncertainties around system reliability, the reliance on door closers as a single point of failure, the impact of day-to-day building use on the system performance and the false confidence that modelling assessments can provide in demonstrating adequacy. The article concludes in suggesting that alternative smoke control options be considered in place of flappy door systems.Originality/valueDiscussion on the use of flappy door smoke control systems has been ongoing within the fire engineering community for several years, but there is limited public literature available on the topic. By collating the common arguments relating to these systems into a single article, a better understanding of their benefits and pitfalls has been provided for consideration by building design and construction professionals.
Technology network and development trends of government-funded patents
Authors: Chang Shu-Hao 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
How prospective or emerging technologies can be supported through government-funded research projects has gradually received global attention. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of government funding on subsequent technological development, the overall economy or social welfare of a country or corporate research and development (R&D) activities. These studies have not examined the technology distribution and development trends of government-funded research from a comprehensive technology perspective. In addition, previous measurements of the influence of government-funded R&D projects faced the difficulty of transferring the research achievements of government-funded research to the commercial market.

Design/methodology/approach
Patents can provide a preliminary understanding of the collaboration, development focus and status of market technologies. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the development directions of patented technologies engendered from government-funded research projects. Analyzing the network of government-funded patented technologies helped identify the current status and location of specific technologies in a patent network as well as the hotspot technologies in government-funded research projects that correspond to the market.

Findings
The results of this study indicated that the technologies obtaining government-funded patents mainly consist of advanced materials and semiconductors and that the technological focus has shifted over the years. Nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology and sanitary technology have gradually become the technologies receiving most of government-funded patents. The trend of development of these technologies also corresponds to the emerging technologies advocated by countries worldwide in recent years.

Originality/value
This study provided a comprehensive verification of the government-funded patented technologies from a macro perspective by identifying key technologies using technology network analysis. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the allocation of governmental R&D resources and the promotion of novel technologies in the private sector.
Google Trends and cryptocurrencies: a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles analysis
Authors: Raza Syed Ali , Yarovaya Larisa , Guesmi Khaled , Shah Nida 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis article aims to uncover the impact of Google Trends on cryptocurrency markets beyond Bitcoin during the time of increased attention to altcoins, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the nexus among the Google Trends and six cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin, New Economy Movement (NEM), Dash, Ethereum, Ripple and Litecoin by utilizing the causality-in-quantiles technique on data comprised of the years January 2016–March 2021.FindingsThe findings show that Google Trends cause the Litecoin, Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum and NEM prices at majority of the quantiles except for Dash.Originality/valueThe findings will help investors to develop more in-depth understanding of impact of Google Trends on cryptocurrency prices and build successful trading strategies in a more matured digital assets ecosystem.
Herding and spillover effects in the Indian commodity futures market
Authors: Dewan Palak , Dharni Khushdeep 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe study examines herding in the Indian stock and commodity futures market including agricultural, metal and energy commodities. Herding is studied under various market conditions: rising and declining, high and low volatility. The study also examines spillover effects of herding.Design/methodology/approachThe study adapts the cross-sectional absolute deviation model given by Chang et al. (2000) to examine herding in Indian stock and commodity futures markets.FindingsThe results of the study indicate absence of herding among commodity futures under all market conditions except for the declining market where herding is present among energy futures. The investors investing in agricultural and energy commodities have a higher tendency to herd during high volatility days as compared to low volatility days. Further, the study of herding spillover effects indicates that the price fluctuations in metal commodities affect herding in agricultural and energy commodities.Research limitations/implicationsThe results can help market participants to diversify the risk by investing in agricultural, metal and energy futures along with the stocks.Originality/valueMajority of the previous studies explore herding among stocks and ignore commodities especially agricultural commodities. This study attempts to fill the gap by studying herding among various commodity futures. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to explore herding spillover effects in the Indian stock and commodity futures market.