bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Changes That Occur in the Immune System During Immune Activation in Patients With Prediabetes From All Ethnicities, Aged 25-45 Years: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mzimela Nomusa Christina , Sosibo Aubrey Mbulelo , Ngubane Phikelelani Siphosethu , Khathi Andile 
Published: November 2022

Background
Prediabetes is an asymptomatic, intermediate state between normoglycemia and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent reports indicate that during prediabetes, there are subclinical changes to immune cells and inflammatory markers. Therefore, this systematic review will provide a synthesis of the available data on the changes in the concentration of immune cells and selective inflammatory markers. It will also give evidence of a demographic impact on changes or complications in the prediabetes state.

Objective
The objectives of this study are to create a protocol that will be used to analyze the collected data of previously published research based on immune cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, P-selectin, cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, and fibrinogen. Additionally, an impact of demographics will be determined using the previously published data collected.

Methods
This protocol was prepared through adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) 2015 guidelines for reporting protocols. Published clinical studies that involve observational (cross-sectional, comparative cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort) study designs that include normal or nondiabetic and prediabetes reports will be used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. This will be accomplished by using clinical Medical Subject Headings to search on MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and African Journal Online. Reviewers (NCM, AMS, and AK) will screen all the results and select the studies that meet the eligibility criteria. Downs and Black Checklist will be used to check the risk of bias, and then a Review Manager v5.4 forest plot will be used for meta-analysis. Additionally, the forest plot will also be used for sensitivity analysis. The strength of evidence will then be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Since July 5, 2020, there are no participants recruited. Publicly available data will be used in the review and will be collected after this protocol publication. No ethics approval is required as no subjects will be used, and analysis will be based on reported data. Authors will be contacted if there was a misunderstanding related to reading their reported data.

Conclusions
The findings will clarify changes that might be observed in a study of interest based in the eThekwini district in South Africa.

Trial Registration
International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020184828; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=184828

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/31619
The Use of Smartphone Keystroke Dynamics to Passively Monitor Upper Limb and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Lam Ka-Hoo , Twose James , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit , Licitra Giovanni , Meijer Kim , Uitdehaag Bernard , De Groot Vincent , Killestein Joep 
Published: November 2022

Background
Typing on smartphones, which has become a near daily activity, requires both upper limb and cognitive function. Analysis of keyboard interactions during regular typing, that is, keystroke dynamics, could therefore potentially be utilized for passive and continuous monitoring of function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective
To determine whether passively acquired smartphone keystroke dynamics correspond to multiple sclerosis outcomes, we investigated the association between keystroke dynamics and clinical outcomes (upper limb and cognitive function). This association was investigated longitudinally in order to study within-patient changes independently of between-patient differences.

Methods
During a 1-year follow-up, arm function and information processing speed were assessed every 3 months in 102 patients with multiple sclerosis with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test, respectively. Keystroke-dynamics data were continuously obtained from regular typing on the participants’ own smartphones. Press-and-release latency of the alphanumeric keys constituted the fine motor score cluster, while latency of the punctuation and backspace keys constituted the cognition score cluster. The association over time between keystroke clusters and the corresponding clinical outcomes was assessed with linear mixed models with subjects as random intercepts. By centering around the mean and calculating deviation scores within subjects, between-subject and within-subject effects were distinguished.

Results
Mean (SD) scores for the fine motor score cluster and cognition score cluster were 0.43 (0.16) and 0.94 (0.41) seconds, respectively. The fine motor score cluster was significantly associated with the Nine-Hole Peg Test: between-subject β was 15.9 (95% CI 12.2-19.6) and within-subject β was 6.9 (95% CI 2.0-11.9). The cognition score cluster was significantly associated with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test between subjects (between-subject β –11.2, 95% CI –17.3 to –5.2) but not within subjects (within-subject β –0.4, 95% CI –5.6 to 4.9).

Conclusions
Smartphone keystroke dynamics were longitudinally associated with multiple sclerosis outcomes. Worse arm function corresponded with longer latency in typing both across and within patients. Worse processing speed corresponded with higher latency in using punctuation and backspace keys across subjects. Hence, keystroke dynamics are a potential digital biomarker for remote monitoring and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Register NTR7268; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7268
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Screening Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Akahane Takemi , Nakanishi Yasuhiro , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Akahane Manabu 
Published: November 2022

Background
The number of people undergoing cancer screening decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic may have affected the willingness and motivation of undergoing cancer screening by those eligible for it.

Objective
This study aims to clarify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intention to undergo cancer and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) screening.

Methods
We performed a web-based survey on the intention to undergo screening among 1236 men and women aged 20-79 years. The numbers of participants by sex and 10-year age groups were equal. The survey was conducted in January 2021, during which the government declared a state of emergency because of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Emergency declarations were issued in 11 prefectures among all the 47 prefectures in Japan.

Results
In total, 66.1% (817/1236) of the participants felt anxious about undergoing screening due to COVID-19. More women than men were anxious about undergoing screening. By modality, EGD had the highest percentage of participants with anxiety due to COVID-19. Regarding the intention to change the participants’ appointment for screening, the most common strategies were to book an appointment for a time during nonpeak hours, postpone the appointment to a later date, and change the mode of transportation. In addition, 35.8% (442/1236) of the participants were willing to cancel this year’s screening appointment. Among the 1236 participants, 757 (61.2%) were scheduled for screening in 2020. Of the 757 participants in this subgroup, 68% (n=515) did not change the schedule, 6.1% (n=46) cancelled, and 26% (n=197) made some changes, including changing the appointment date, hospital, or mode of transportation. Among the 296 participants scheduled for EGD screening, 18.9% (n=56) made some changes, 5.7% (n=17) cancelled on their own, and 2.7% (n=8) cancelled on the hospital’s order. Based on the previous screening results, the percentage of participants who felt anxious about EGD due to the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the order of those who had not undergone screening and those who were judged to be in need of further examination in screening but did not visit a hospital for it. In the logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with anxiety about EGD screening due to the COVID-19 pandemic were “viral infection prevention measures,” “waiting time,” “fees (medical expenses),” “mode of transportation,” “worry about my social position if I contracted COVID-19,” and “perceived the risk of gastric cancer.” However, “residence in declared emergency area” was not associated with EGD anxiety due to COVID-19.

Conclusions
Excessive anxiety about COVID-19 may lead to serious outcomes, such as a “decreasing intention to undergo EGD screening,” and it is necessary to thoroughly implement infection prevention measures and provide correct information to examinees.
Evolution of Public Opinion on COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan: Large-Scale Twitter Data Analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Takedomi Yuka , Nakayama Yuri , Suda Towa , Uno Takeaki , Hashimoto Takako , Toyoda Masashi , Yoshinaga Naoki , Kitsuregawa Masaru , Rocha Luis E C 
Published: November 2022

Background
Vaccines are promising tools to control the spread of COVID-19. An effective vaccination campaign requires government policies and community engagement, sharing experiences for social support, and voicing concerns about vaccine safety and efficiency. The increasing use of online social platforms allows us to trace large-scale communication and infer public opinion in real time.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the main themes in COVID-19 vaccine-related discussions on Twitter in Japan and track how the popularity of the tweeted themes evolved during the vaccination campaign. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the impact of critical social events on the popularity of the themes.

Methods
We collected more than 100 million vaccine-related tweets written in Japanese and posted by 8 million users (approximately 6.4% of the Japanese population) from January 1 to October 31, 2021. We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation to perform automated topic modeling of tweet text during the vaccination campaign. In addition, we performed an interrupted time series regression analysis to evaluate the impact of 4 critical social events on public opinion.

Results
We identified 15 topics grouped into the following 4 themes: (1) personal issue, (2) breaking news, (3) politics, and (4) conspiracy and humor. The evolution of the popularity of themes revealed a shift in public opinion, with initial sharing of attention over personal issues (individual aspect), collecting information from news (knowledge acquisition), and government criticism to focusing on personal issues. Our analysis showed that the Tokyo Olympic Games affected public opinion more than other critical events but not the course of vaccination. Public opinion about politics was significantly affected by various social events, positively shifting attention in the early stages of the vaccination campaign and negatively shifting attention later.

Conclusions
This study showed a striking shift in public interest in Japan, with users splitting their attention over various themes early in the vaccination campaign and then focusing only on personal issues, as trust in vaccines and policies increased. An interrupted time series regression analysis showed that the vaccination rollout to the general population (under 65 years) increased the popularity of tweets about practical advice and personal vaccination experience, and the Tokyo Olympic Games disrupted public opinion but not the course of the vaccination campaign. The methodology developed here allowed us to monitor the evolution of public opinion and evaluate the impact of social events on public opinion, using large-scale Twitter data.
Prostitute Praising Represented by Male Novelists in Post-1998 Religious Society
Authors: Apristia Lelu Dina 
Published: November 2022

Prostitute praising is represented by Remy Sylado in novel titled Ca-Bau-Kan: Hanya Sebuah Dosa (1999) and Arswendo Atmowiloto in novel titled Dewi Kawi (2008). Prostitute praising in the novels written by males in religious society in the midst of discourse about freedom of expression flowing in post-1998 era in Indonesia becomes problem of this research. Regarding the problem, this research aims to identify: (1) how prostitute praising is represented by males in their novel, (2) why male novelists produce such representations by applying Stuart Hall’s representation theory in relation to production of meaning through language and production of knowledge through discourse. The theory application reveals that male novelists represent prostitute praising in private and public domain which are mixed up and that there is relation between male and female in the domains siding with male as constructed by post-1998 discursive formation involving the state and religions to uphold masculine domination.
Valsts sankcionētā vardarbība pret sievietēm 1905. gada revolūcijā: Matildes Krēgeres un Emmas Lietuvietes gadījumi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Lipša Ineta 
Published: November 2022

Izmantojot biogrāfisko pieeju, rakstā tiks parādīta valsts sankcionētā vardarbība pret sievietēm 1905.–1907. gada revolūcijā. Matildes Krēgeres (1880–?) un Emmas Rigertes, dz. Lietuvietes, (1879–?) stāsti ir pagaidām vienīgie zināmie detalizēti vēstītie sieviešu pieredzes gadījumi. Abu pierakstīšanu veicināja biedrības “Piektais gads” 1926. gada aicinājums aktīvajiem revolūcijas dalībniekiem iesniegt anketas par pieredzēto. 1930.–1931. gadā daži autori latviešu presē pieminēja seksuālo vardarbību, ko soda ekspedīciju karavīri īstenoja pret sievietēm, tomēr citi preses izdevumi sabiedrībā dominējošo patriarhālo priekšstatu dēļ neizmantoja šķietamo aicinājumu vēstīt par tādām pieredzēm. 1905.–1907. gada revolūcijas piemiņas institucionalizēšanas iniciatore bija Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija, bet pēc 1934. gada, kad autoritārā režīma valdība likvidēja partijas, vairs nebija politiskā spēka, kas varētu pievērst uzmanību fiziskā un seksuālā vardarbībā cietušo sieviešu pieredzei.
Latvia as a partner in the political security system of Western democracies in the early 1920s: Latvia’s relations with Great Britain, the United States and Germany
Authors:   University of Latvia, Krēsliņš Uldis 
Published: November 2022

For the new states that emerged as a result of the First World War, ensuring the internal political security in the early 1920s was a fundamentally important issue. In the case of Latvia, potential security threats were exacerbated by the country’s geopolitical position – a direct border with Soviet Russia – which made Latvia a protective barrier against the spread of the Communist movement. The aim of the study is to characterize Latvia’s role in the political security system of Western democracies in the early 1920s based on the materials of the Latvian security service, focusing on Latvia’s relations in the field of political security with three Western democracies – United Kingdom, the United States and Germany.
Spanish Civil War participants in the internment camps in France: Latvian case (1939–1941)
Authors:   University of Latvia, Bikše Ginta Ieva 
Published: November 2022

In early 1939, after retreat from Catalonia, more than 50 Latvians, former participants of the Spanish Civil War, crossed Spanish–French border and ended up in internment camps in France. The aim of the current article is to give an overview and analyse the experience of Latvian men in internment camps. The article focuses on social activities and mutual relations, living conditions and their differences in internment camps in Saint-Cyprien, Argelès-sur-Mer, Gurs, Le Vernet etc., considering the beginning of the Second World War and the establishment of Vichy regime. Furthermore, the attitude of Latvian authorities towards Latvian citizens and possibilities for Latvian men to depart from the internment camps in France have been considered.
Kaulēšanās par padomju reliģisko organizāciju dalību Pasaules baznīcu padomē, 1948–1962
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Tēraudkalns Valdis 
Published: November 2022

Pētījumā analizēti pirmie divi posmi padomju reliģisko organizāciju (ieskaitot Latvijas Evaņģēliski luterisko baznīcu (LELB)) attiecībās ar Pasaules baznīcu padomi (PBP) – periods, kad padomju vara dalību PBP uzskatīja par nevēlamu, un posms, kad padomju vara sāka plānot vairāku PSRS kristīgo konfesiju iestāšanos PBP (LELB tika uzņemta PBP 1962. g.). Padomju varas iestādēm tas bija viens no veidiem, kā īstenot praksē Staļina nāvei sekojošās izmaiņas padomju ārpolitikā, kas bija vērstas uz PSRS izvešanu no starptautiskas izolācijas, baznīcām – iespēja veidot, lai arī kontrolētu, tomēr brīvāku saskarsmes telpu ar Rietumiem nekā līdz šim.
Komjaunatnes funkcionāri kā pārmaiņu aģenti (20. gs. 70. gadi)?
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Bleiere Daina 
Published: November 2022

Rakstā sniegta 317 20. gadsimta 70. gadu komjaunatnes funkcionāru biogrāfiju kvantitatīva un kvalitatīva analīze ar mērķi identificēt, kā mainījās sabiedrības attieksme pret darbošanos padomju sistēmā un kā mainījās sistēmas izvirzītās prasības saviem aģentiem. Raksta mērķis ir analizēt komjaunatnes funkcionāru sociālo un etnisko sastāvu, karjeras motivāciju un vai viņus var uzskatīt par jaunatnes politikas liberalizācijas aģentiem Latvijā 70. gados?
The challenges of online assessment amidst covid-19 pandemic disruption: The voice of EFL lecturers
Authors: Mariadi Mariadi , Mirizon Soni , Sitinjak Margaretha Dinar 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTSince the rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Education and Culture has shifted the assessment mode from face-to-face into online assessment following the policy of online teaching and learning process. This conversion can essentially encourage the lecturers in higher education to reflect on and improve their assessment methods that are novel, stimulating, and practical for them. On the other hand, various kinds of challenges are likely to encounter by lecturers in carrying out the online assessment. This study aims to find out the challenges of online assessment in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic disruption, and the solutions to meet these challenges. Qualitative method in a case study design was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The data were collected through in-depth interview and observation from two EFL lecturers at a state university in Palembang as the participants. The data were analysed by using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five primary challenges of online assessment: uneasiness, technical problems, time-consuming process, late submission, and academic dishonesty. Each of the challenges in the findings was followed by the solutions to deal with those challenges done by the participants. Keywords: Challenges of online assessment; Online assessment amidst Covid-19 pandemic; The voice of EFL lecturers.
Dorzagliatin, a Dual-Acting Glucokinase Activator, Increases Insulin Secretion and Glucose Sensitivity in Glucokinase Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chow Elaine , Wang Ke , Lim Cadmon K.P. , Tsoi Sandra T.F. , Fan Baoqi , Poon Emily , Luk Andrea O.Y. , Ma Ronald C.W. , Ferrannini Ele , Mari Andrea , Chen Li , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: November 2022

Glucokinase (GK, gene symbol GCK) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GK and impaired glucose sensing. We investigated effects of dorzagliatin, a novel allosteric GK activator, on insulin secretion rates (ISRs) and β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS) in GCK-MODY and recent-onset type 2 diabetes. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 8 participants with GCK-MODY and 10 participants with type 2 diabetes underwent 2-h 12 mmol/L hyperglycemic clamps following a single oral dose of dorzagliatin 75 mg or matched placebo. Effects of dorzagliatin on wild-type and mutant GK enzyme activity were investigated using an NADP+-coupled assay with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. In GCK-MODY, dorzagliatin significantly increased absolute and incremental second-phase ISRs versus placebo but not the acute insulin response. Dorzagliatin improved βCGS in GCK-MODY with an upward and leftward shift in ISR-glucose response. Dorzagliatin increased basal ISRs in type 2 diabetes, with smaller changes in second-phase ISRs versus GCK-MODY. In vitro, dorzagliatin directly reduced the glucose half saturation concentration of wild-type GK and selected GK mutants to varying degrees. Dorzagliatin directly restored enzyme activity of select GK mutants and enhanced wild-type GK activity, thereby correcting the primary defect of glucose sensing in GCK-MODY.
Sistem Monitoring dan Audit Energi Listrik Berbasis Internet Of Things (IOT)
Authors: Sukadana I Wayan , Prayoga Dimas , Suriana I Wayan 
Published: November 2022

Energi listrik merupakan salah satu energi yang banyak digunakan hampir di seluruh sisi kehidupan. Salah satu pengguna energi listrik yang paling banyak kita temui adalah di gedung-gedung perkantoran. Untuk menghindari penggunaan energi listrik secara berlebihan, maka perlu dilakukan sebuah audit energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem kontrol energi listrik yang didukung oleh sistem kendali energi otomatis. Sistem Monitoring dan Audit Energi Listrik ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu sistem kontrol otomatis dan sistem informasi yang dapat memberikan nilai Intensitas Konsumsi Energi. Konstruksi dari sistem kontrol otomatis yang dikembangkan menggunakan mikrokontroler ATmega328P berbasis Internet Of Things, yang akan memberikan data, mengolah data, dan menyajikan data dari Sistem Monitoring dan Audit Energi Listrik. Sistem ini dapat mengirimkan data tegangan, arus, daya, konsumsi energi listrik dan hasil audit energi listrik di suatu gedung perkantoran secara real time menuju ThingSpeak dengan menggunakan modul GSM. Hasil monitoring penggunaan energi listrik yang terukur selama satu bulan dengan luas bangunan 64 m2adalah sebesar 1004.87 kWh, dan nilai dari Intensitas Konsumsi Energi yang diperoleh sebesar 15.70 kWh / m2. Berdasarkan tabel Intensitas Konsumsi Energi, maka penggunaan energi listrik di gedung tersebut agak boros sehingga perlu dilakukan penghematan terhadap penggunaan energi listrik.