bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of depression, anxiety and stress experienced by health care and allied workers involved in SARS-CoV2 pandemic
Authors: Shekhar Saket , Ahmad Shamshad , Ranjan Alok , Pandey Sanjay , Ayub Arshad , Kumar Pragya 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global health crisis. Health workforce has been working vigorously in COVID-19 management. So, we have planned this study with an aim to assess the psychological profile of healthcare and allied workers involved in SARS-CoV2 pandemic and to look for associated factors.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study was planned at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Study population comprised of Health care workers and allied health care workers involved in COVID-19 management.

Results:
Data from 254 study participants have been included in the study. The prevalence of severe and extremely severe depression among study participants was 8.3 and 3.1 percent. Severe and extremely severe anxiety prevalence was found to be 9.4 and 13.8 percent. The prevalence of severe and extremely severe stress was 2.4 and 2.4 percent each. Education till post-graduation, unmarried, occupation of doctor, Comorbidity of headache and occurrence of influenza-like illness in last 3 months had a statistically significant association with high depression score. With high Anxiety score and high-stress score statistically significant association was seen in education till postgraduation, unmarried, occupation of doctor, duration of 1 COVID-19 duty of ≥8 hours.

Conclusion:
The study highlights high psychological comorbidities in the form of depression, anxiety and stress among health care workers and allied health care workers working in COVID-19 pandemic. Prevalence of psychological morbidity is higher among doctors compared to nurses and allied health workers. COVID-19 duty of ≥8 hours have been found to be hampering mental health.
Frequency of phobia among sexual assault victims referred to legal medicine organization in Isfahan province
Authors: Khademi Nasim , Heshmat Farahnaz , Khodarahmi Shiva , Nikbakht Tara , Mihandoust Soada 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Phobia is a mental disorder that can occur following rape and pose a serious threat to women’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of paranoia in female victims of rape referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center in 2014.

Methods:
This descriptive study included 93 women rape victims referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center who were randomly selected. The study tool was the demographic information and mental health questionnaire scl-90. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance in SPSS version 17 were used to analyze the data.

Results:
This study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between rape and phobia (P < 0.001) so that the prevalence of phobia in people who were raped was moderate to high. Also 9.1% (8 people) of mild phobias (scores 1–0), 79.5% (70 people) moderate phobias (scores 1–1) and 11.4% (10 people) phobias in the range Severe (scores 4–3) reported. Of the seven sub-indices in the phobia section, 52.3% (46 people) had very unreasonable fears. Approximately 52.3% (46 people) were afraid of traveling, 46.6% (41 people) were afraid of being alone. Going, 38.6% (34 people) fear of the market, 51.1% (45 people) anxiety, 12.5% (11 people) feeling of alienation, 1.1% (1 person) fear of fainting in total.

Conclusion:
Due to the increasing number of rapes in women and the recognition of rape as a factor disrupting mental health, strategies and resources should be provided to prevent rape against women and its adverse consequences, including phobia and early diagnosis and treatment of this complication and other complications Be allocated.
Evaluation of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on salivary flow rate in patients with xerostomia - A case control study
Authors: Chandra Reshmi , Bhakta Poulomi , Beniwal Jyoti , Dhanda Ravina , Saxena Vivek , Sinha Sachin 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
In oral cavity, saliva is a physiological fluid present in the oral cavity. Oral fluid is an absolute media exploring for health and disease surveillance. Saliva is a complex fluid. Xerostomia is the subjective complain of dryness in the oral cavity due to decreased salivary flow. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an established physical therapy, which is useful for the pain relief.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 25 subjects of xerostomia and 25 age and sex matched normal subjects visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital were included in the study. For patients with positive mirror stick test unstimulated saliva were collected with ‘low forced spitting’ method in a graduated test tube for 5 minutes. Individuals with unstimulated salivary flow equal to or less than 0.5 mL per 5 min were included in the study group (xerostomia) and individuals with salivary flow more than 0.5 mL per 5 min were included in the control group (age and sex matched). The TENS unit were then activated and intensity control switch were gradually increased to tolerable level of patient for 15 min. At this optimal intensity, stimulated saliva were collected for 5 min with same method in a separate graduated test tube and flow rate were compared with unstimulated salivary flow rate. Same were done with 25 control patients.

Results:
The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The following findings were observed in the study. There was increase salivary flow rate in xerostomic individuals after TENS application. More improvement was found in inter appointment salivary flow than two follow-ups. Healthy group showed more improvement than xerostomia after TENS therapy Known cases of diabetes mellitus patients with xerostomia revealed more improvement than other etiologies of xerostomia included in this study.

Conclusion:
This present study has an important therapeutic value in the treatment of patients with xerostomia. TENS therapy was highly effective in stimulating whole salivary flow. The encouraging results of this present study indicate that TENS has the potential to increase salivary flow rate and can be an important alternative in the xerostomia treatment.
Study of sleep disorders in the elderly visiting geriatrics department
Authors: Regati Maneesha , Vijayakumar Priya 
Published: February 2022

Context:
Sparse published data are available from India regarding sleep disorders in elderly, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.

Aims:
To study sleep disturbances in the elderly (>60 years) subjects.

Settings and Design:
Hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
All the subjects underwent a thorough clinical evaluation which included detailed history and a thorough physical examination. The daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The sleep quality (SQ) was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Association between categorical variables was studied by Chi-square (χ2) test with continuity correction. All tests were two-tailed; a P value <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
During the period November 2019 to July 2020, 122 elderly subjects were studied; women (n = 70; 57.4%) outnumbered men. Only six (4.9%) patients presented with sleep-related complaints. Seven (5.7%) patients had an ESS score >10 suggestive of increased day time sleepiness. Sixty-four (52.5%) were labelled “bad sleepers” (PSQI >5). Compared with those with ≤3 comorbid conditions, a higher proportion of elderly with >3 comorbid conditions had significantly higher occurrence of poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) and daytime sleepiness (ESS >10). Increased daytime sleepiness (ESS >10) was significantly high in patients with osteoarthritis and cerebrovascular disease.

Conclusions:
Our observations suggest that a high proportion of elderly subjects who did not complain of sleep-related symptoms were found to have poor sleep quality. Therefore, incorporating SQ assessment as a part of routine geriatric assessment screening would be beneficial in early detection of this condition.
Changes in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 with topical povidone iodine use: A single-arm open-label interventional study
Authors: Shankar Sumita , Jamir Limalemla , Kakkar Rakesh , Babji Korukonda , Mangayarkarasi V , Tripathi Mukesh , Tak Heena 
Published: February 2022

Context:
Repurposed povidone iodine (PVP-I) has been suggested as an effective adjuvant against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of severe acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genes with PVP-I intranasal and oral application.

Settings and Design:
A longitudinal (repeated measures) single-arm open-label interventional study was conducted for 200 samples of ten COVID-19 patients in South India.

Methods and Material:
Demographic and clinical information were collected. Intranasal application and oral gargle with 1% PVP-I solution was done four times a day for seven days. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were taken for RT-PCR test at hour-0, hour-2, hour-4 on Day-0, Day-3, Day-6, and hour-0 on Day-9. Statistical Analysis Used: STATA analysis software version 14.2 was used. McNemar Test was applied for paired samples. Skilling Mack Test was used to assess the association between PVP-I use (intra-day and inter-day) and E gene/N gene Ct values. Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used for further analyses.

Results:
Mean (SD) age of the patients was 41.5 (±8.82) years. A total of 100 pairs of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were analysed. No significant difference was observed in the Ct values of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. E
gene Ct values (nasopharyngeal) at Hour-0 increased from Day-0 to Day-9 (P = 0.005). Ct value was higher at Hour-2 for most of the samples.

Conclusions:
RT‐PCR results (qualitative) differed at various testing points in the same patients. Lower Ct values were found in the nasopharyngeal samples. Successive increase in E gene Ct values indicates reduced viral load with natural course of COVID-19. PVP-I may have an optimal impact within 2 h of usage.

Clinical trial registration number:
CTRI/2020/05/024962.
Oral Impacts of Number of Natural Teeth and Posterior Occluding Pairs on Daily Performance of an Elderly Population
Authors: Nagpal Ruchi , Jaggi Amrita , Marya Charu Mohan , Taneja Pratibha , Kataria Sakshi , Oberoi Sukhwinder Singh 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Globally, poor oral health among older people has been assessed in terms of high levels of tooth loss, dental caries experience, high prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral precancer/cancer.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to compare impacts of total number of natural teeth (NT) and posterior occluding pairs (POPs) present in the oral cavity on daily performances among elderly population.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study which included 300 subjects recruited through convenience sampling from a physiotherapy center. The included subjects were asked in a face-to-face interview about their demographic information (i.e., age and gender), tobacco habits (type and frequency), oral hygiene habits (frequency and material used), oral health-related quality of life, and various symptoms of xerostomia. Impacts on daily performances were measured by the use of oral impacts on daily performances index. Clinical examination was done to measure number of NT and POPs. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, IBM Inc., and for inferential statistics, Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-square tests were used. Level of statistical significance was set atP< 0.05.

Results:
The overall mean age of the study population was found to be 63.81 ± 4.50 with gender wise no statistically significant difference (males = 63.82 ± 4.13, females = 63.79 ± 4.94;P≤ 0.05). Overall, mean number of NT present in the study population was found to be 24.76 ± 7.21 with 25.90 ± 6.29 among males and 23.32 ± 8.03 among females. Mean number of NT present was significantly more among males as compared to females (Mann–Whitney U-test,P= 0.003).

Conclusion:
Number of NT and POPs were found to be the significant predictors of daily performances among elderly population.
Impact of General Hygiene Behaviors on Oral Hygiene Among Adolescents of Ghaziabad - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahsan Iram , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Das Dipshikha , Ashraf Asifa 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There is the presence of plenty of evidence supporting the unidimensionality of hygiene behaviors inferring oral hygiene and general hygiene is correlated. More than two-third of India's population still lives in rural areas; therefore, this study is also conducted in the rural areas only. Rural areas generally tend to have poor general hygiene behaviors because of sociodemographic and educational factors and that directly affect the oral hygiene behaviors.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of general hygiene behaviors on oral hygiene among adolescents of Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from 800 adolescents among 510 households from all the four blocks of Ghaziabad district. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, oral hygiene, and general hygiene behaviors. Oral hygiene was assessed using oral hygiene simplified index, and general hygiene behaviors were recorded using the four indices related to drinking water index (score 0–3), food index (score 0–3), personal hygiene index (score 0–3), and domestic household hygiene index (score 0–6) and one summary hygiene index (SHI; range 0–15). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.

Results:
More than 50% of the study participants had a low level of general hygiene. A significant association was observed between general hygiene (SHI) and oral hygiene of the individuals.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates significant association between general hygiene and oral hygiene behaviors among adolescents.
Evaluation of General Dentist's and Dental Student's Knowledge About Emergency Management of Dentoalveolar Trauma in Bojnurd, North Khorasan, Iran
Authors: Mahsa Dastpak , Fateme Masoumi , Mina Norozi Khalili , Amir Rajaey 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are one of the most common dental problems among children and adolescents, which usually occur in the anterior parts of the mouth and have great impact on the patient's physical and mental health. Therefore, dentist's knowledge and effective measures in the treatment of TDI are the most important factors in improving the prognosis of these teeth.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists working in Bojnurd and also 6th-year dental students about the treatment of such injuries.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was provided to 70 general dentists and 6th-year dental students, including personal information and questions related to the knowledge of general dentists, on how to deal with various TDIs by available methods. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and analysis of variance, Spearman's, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:
Regarding general dentists' knowledge about dentoalveolar trauma: 39 (55.7%) were moderate, 28 (40%) were good, and 3 (4.3%) were excellent. The mean value knowledge of dentists and dental students was 8.18 ± 1.98. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, place of work, university of study, desire for education, and self-evaluation of dentists and level of awareness (P = 0.26,P= 0.61,P= 0.47,P= 0.93,P= 0.35, andP= 0.57, respectively).

Conclusions:
The results of our study indicate that majority of the participants are moderately aware of TDIs and the type of treatment, and due to the increasing prevalence of dental trauma and its high complications, especially in children, the need to make appropriate plans to update the level of knowledge of general dentists in the management and treatment of TDI increases.
Impact of COVID on management of urological cases in a tertiary care non-COVID institute
Authors: Chandra Vipin , Bharti Vishrut , Tiwari Rajesh , Kumar Vijoy , Ahmad Ahsan , Upadhyay Rohit , Mahmood Khalid , Ranjan Nikhil 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Health-care systems across the globe have been overwhelmed by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID 19). It has affected non-COVID patient management as well. While service, hospital-oriented data on effect of the pandemic on urological diseases have been published, there is scarce data on patient-centered issues in urology, particularly from India. Hence, we planned this study to determine the impact of COVID on management of urological cases.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective observational single-center study conducted at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, from April 2020 to November 2020. Consecutive non-COVID adult patients presenting to the indoor, outdoor, and telemedicine services of the urology department of our institute were included. Patients who were moribund, having altered sensorium, severe cardiorespiratory illness, unable to understand and respond, and those unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. A questionnaire-based data were collected. The same interviewer explained the questionnaire to patients in their own language (English/Hindi/Bhojpuri) either in person or telephonically and recorded the findings.

Results:
Two hundred consecutive patients were screened. One hundred and fifty were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 50 ± 3.2 years. One hundred and five patients were male. Thirty-eight patients had comorbid conditions. One hundred and thirty-seven patients reported delay to consult an urologist since development of the first urological symptom. The average delay was 68 ± 20 days. Thirty-two patients suffered COVID-19 disease during the urological illness. One hundred and twelve were advised for urology consultation after the first evaluation at a local health-care center. The reasons cited for delay by these patients (n = 112) were lock-down and reduced/unavailable public transport (n = 20) and fear of contacting corona infection (n = 10), both (n = 56), suffered COVID-19 (n = 18), and others (n = 8). The distance of patients' residence from the hospital was median 50 km, with interquartile range of 5–254 km. One hundred and three patients received definitive treatment and 47 were still undergoing delays due to various reasons. Sixty-two patients were advised surgery. 25 of these 62 were found to have complications due to delay.

Conclusion:
Delay in all aspects of management of urological illness, including consultation, work up, and definitive treatment was observed. Of all who were advised surgery, about 40% were found to have complications due to delay in surgery.
The clinical and radiological assessment of biplanar and uniplanar distal locking screw in tibia interlocking nail
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Rishabh , Shanker Anand , Kumar Rakesh , Sagar Vidya , Kumar Santosh 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The clinical and radiological assessment of biplanar (two coronal and one sagittal) and uniplanar (only two coronal) distal locking screw in tibia interlocking nailing.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-one patients who had tibial shaft treated with intramedullary nailing were included in this study. Out of 51, 26 fractures were treated with uniplanar two distal interlocking (Group 1) and 25 fractures were treated with biplanar three distal interlocking (Group 2). Patients with closed fractures shaft of tibia treated by closed nailing were included. Fracture unions were evaluated clinically and radiologically.

Results:
Union time was shorter in biplanar (two coronal and one sagittal) distal interlocking group (Group 2) compared to uniplanar (only two coronal) distal interlocking group (Group 1). Mean union time in Groups 1 and 2 were 9.34 and 5.16 months, respectively.

Conclusion:
Biplanar (two coronal and one sagittal) distal interlocking procedure had a significantly shorter union time. Clinically, an average of 5–10' of external rotation of the leg was observed in Group 1, whereas 0–3' of external rotation of the leg was observed in Group 2 patients. Biplanar distal interlocking had more fracture union, probably because of a more stable fixation.
Post-COVID, neurosurgical interventions in rhinocerebral mucormycosis, an institutional experience
Authors: Singh Samrendra Kumar , Kumar Dhananjay , Kumar Brajesh , Kumar Brajesh , Kanaujia Niraj , Gupta O. P. , Jha K. M. , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic, fungal infection, often lethal fungal infection which occurs in immunocompromised patients. However, in this second phase of COVID-19, we faced many post-COVID mucormycosis cases at our institution, IGIMS, Patna. We present our experience in eight patients with this condition who underwent neurosurgical interventions.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective study for eight patients underwent neurosurgical interventions for rhinocerebral mucormycosis. All cases were operated by same surgeons from ENT and Neurosurgery.

Results:
Total 42 patients referred for neurosurgical opinion, out of that eight patients taken for neurosurgical interventions. Out of 8, seven patients had COVID reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive and treated with steroid and oxygen inhalation and one patient had fever but COVID RT-PCR was negative and treated at home with oxygen cylinder. All of them were treated with either liposomal amphotericin B/amphotericin B or oral posaconazole. Sinus surgery was performed in all eight patients by ENT surgeons, two underwent orbital exenteration by eye surgeon, five patients underwent open craniotomy for cerebral infection while in two patients, cerebral exploration done endoscopically. Six patients survived, while two patients died.

Conclusion:
Patients with rhino-cerebral mucormycosis spreading outside the sinonasal cavity to the base of brain can be treated successfully to some extent by neurosurgical interventions.
Leukoplakia
Authors: Thakur Nidhi 
Published: February 2022

Aim:
Leukoplakia is a common premalignant lesion associated with the use of tobacco. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of leukoplakia in a defined population.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 300 patients were included who reported to the outpatient dental department of Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and hospital. The age, sex, and prevalence of leukoplakia were assessed in these patients.

Results:
The study revealed a prevalence of 2% in the defined group of populations.

Conclusion:
A high prevalence of leukoplakia needs a closer follow-up of these patients and a generalized screening for all the patients reporting to the dental department is required to reduce the number of premalignant conditions and lesions turning into malignancy.