bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Citrus by Improved Mound Layering1
Authors: Duarte Odilo , Medina Cesar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Propagation of a scion cultivar on 3 citrus rootstocks: ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, rough lemon, and ‘Troyer’ citrange, by using improved mound layering was studied. The mound layered shoots were budded while still attached to the mother plant during the first growing season. ‘Washington’ navel orange buds were used in all cases. This resulted in the production of budded orange plants on any of the above mentioned rootstocks in 1 year. The potential time saved in producing a large number of plants is emphasized.
The Effect of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid on the Yield and Quality of Processing Tomatoes for Juice1
Authors: Massey L. M. , Chase B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied as a dip at 10000 ppm accelerated the ripening of unripe harvested processing tomatoes for juice. Overall processing yield was increased without adversely affecting juice quality.
The Effect of Plants on Microclimate and Noise Reduction in the Urban Environment1
Authors: Mecklenburg Roy A. , Rintelmann William F. , Schumaier Daniel R. , Van Den Brink Ceel , Flores Leonardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants have a great impact upon the urban microclimate in contrast to dry structural materials. Infrared surface temp can be substantially modified by evaporative cooling and the interception of radiant energy by plants to reduce the heat island characteristic of the summer urban microclimate.
High temp characteristic of surfaces such as artificial turf can be reduced by irrigation. Outdoor athletic areas covered with artificial turf should be either irrigated to permit evaporative cooling or shaded to intercept solar radiant energy.
Coniferous trees appear capable of providing a small amount of attenuation for environmental noises that are either predominantly low or high frequency in composition. However, dense wide plantings are necessary to achieve effective environmental noise attenuation from vegetation alone in urban areas and the practical value of plants as an urban “sound barrier” appears questionable.
Development of a Baccalaureate Curriculum for Horticulture Students Planning to Teach High School Horticultur
Authors: Hodges Clinton F. , Denisen Ervin L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The occupations rilled by students receiving a BS degree in Horticulture are many and varied. Of particular interest is the changing nature of these occupations in recent years. At one time, production oriented curricula sufficed for the vast majority of horticulture students. Today’s occupations, however, require a student to have a broad background in such areas as business, management, economics, education, and sociology. It is not rare in today’s agricultural job market to find employers who may wish to hire a horticulturist, but may relegate his knowledge of horticulture to a position secondary to that of business knowledge, or some other specialty. The changing nature of employment from the predominantly production oriented jobs of some years ago has also resulted in pressures upon the academic world to constantly re-evaluate horticulture curricula and re-tailor it to a rapidly changing job market.
Fitting Junior College Transferees into Baccalaureate Programs in Horticulture
Authors: Joiner J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florida currently has 26 state supported junior colleges and each campus is an autonomous unit which contributes to tremendous variability in administrative philosophy, curricula, and academic standards. All of these colleges have open door admission policies in that all graduates of high schools within the state are eligible for admission. Non-high school graduates may enter many community junior colleges to complete secondary educational programs.
Students wishing to transfer to the University of Florida as juniors must have completed an Associate of Arts (AA) Degree from a junior college with a grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 or better in academic courses based on a 4 point system of evaluation. They might enter without completing such a program provided they had been eligible to have entered the University of Florida as freshmen. The University of Florida requires 300 or higher score on the Florida 12th Grade Test, which usually limits eligibility to the top 2/5 ths of high school graduates in the state.
Herbicidal Control of Weeds in Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas Poir1
Authors: Peterson Lewis E. , LeRon Robbins M. , Weigle Jack L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dime thy letrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) and N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) were effective herbicides for sweetpotato on coarse sand soil. DCPA applied through a sprinkler irrigation system proved effective and reduced costs.
Effect of Day and Night Temperature on Tolerance of Solanaceous Vegetables to Diphenamid1
Authors: Eshel Y. , Katan J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tolerance of eggplant (Solarium melogena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sown in soil containing N, N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) in controlled environment chambers was markedly temp dependent. An increase of temp during the light period from 20°C to 30° increased phytotoxicity of diphenamid, while temp increase during the dark period from 15° to 20° decreased phytotoxicity. Although some differences among the 3 species in their response to diphenamid were noticed, all of them were affected similarly by temp regimes.
Effects of Preharvest Applications of Ethephon on Maturity and Quality of Several Apple Cultivars1
Authors: Unrath C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple trees treated with (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic ethephon applications at 400 ppm, plus 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (fenoprop) at 10 ppm for abscission control, approx 1 month before optimum maturity exhibited increased fruit coloration. On some cultivars, fruit firmness, soluble solids, acidity, and soluble solids-acid ratio were altered. Ethephon accelerated red color development of ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apples whether or not the trees had been previously treated with succinic acidb-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH); however, the amount of coloration was greater when both SADH and ethephon were used. Ethephon reduced the titratable acidity of ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ fruit resulting in a greater soluble solids-acid ratio. ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit exhibited a definite yellowing of skin color when treated with ethephon but flesh softening was excessive at higher concn. Ethephon treatments applied without an accompanying abscission control chemical resulted in fruit abscission within 2 to 7 days depending on concn. SADH treatment delayed abscission 2 to 3 days as compared to no SADH treatment, where no abscission control was used. Fenoprop was superior to naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in reversing the abscission stimulation of ethephon.
A Role for Ethylene in the Development of Wastage and Off-Flavors in Stored ‘Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: McGlasson W. B. , Eaks I. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Valencia’ oranges were stored at 10°C in air and in an atm of 5% CO2,3% O2 under flowing and static atmospheric conditions with and without an ethylene absorbent The development of decay, particularly stem-end decay, loss of orange flavor and development of off-flavor appeared to be primarily associated with the presence of ethylene and not with other volatiles in the storage atm.
Ethephon Sprays and Cranberry Fruit Color1
Authors: Rigby Bruce , Dana M. N. , Binning L. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatments with (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) in the field initially caused green berries of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) to turn pink. Untreated berries increased in redness up to commercial harvest. Preharvest ethephon applications on mature, red berries caused no change in redness, but rather a decrease in yellowness, resulting in a change in hue, which may indicate a difference in relative amounts of the various pigments. Ethephon decreased the L reading of the berries, compared to the controls. Increasing the amount of water, in which the ethephon was dispersed, from 1.87 to 3.74 kliter/ha proved beneficial for coloring berries located deep in the vines not exposed to full sunlight. Ethephon treatments did not result in more rapid breakdown of the berries during storage. Only at extremely high rates of ethephon was berry size reduced. The commerci
Flower Opening, Pollen Shedding, Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Tube Growth in the Cranberry1
Authors: Rigby Bruce , Dana Malcolm N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cranberry flower development was studied in the greenhouse on uprights thinned to a single flower. Flowers started opening each hour of the day. The interval from petal separation to fully open flowers varied from 2 to 12 hr with 80% of the flowers fully open within 6 hr. Elongation of the style and emergence of the stigma through the anther ring occurred on 94% of the flowers during the 24 - 48 hr period after the petals were fully reflexed. The stigma was pollen receptive at the time of petal separation. The pollen tube had traversed the style 48 hr after pollination in 37% of the flowers examined. Removal of the style 72 hr after pollination no longer prevented fruit development.
Horticultural Science in the Sociosphere
Authors: Day Boysie E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The world social system is composed of all of the people on earth and all of their interrelationships. This has been called the sociosphere2, a concept analogous to the atmosphere or biosphere. A few of the world's people are horticultural scientists and they and their institutes, departments, and associations are components of the sociosphere. Thus horticultural research and horticultural knowledge are social matters and are subject to examination in terms of social values.
Influence of Superior Oil Sprays on Growth and Bark Necrosis of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Wave H. E. , Stiles W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Formulations of superior oil applied to the developing buds and bark of ‘Delicious’ apple trees in the greenhouse inhibited bud break and growth. Bud break was significantly affected by oil concn, viscosity, and unsulfonated residue (UR). Total fresh wt of shoots was adversely affected by increasing concn and decreasing UR. Severity of bark injury increased with decreasing viscosities and increasing concn.
Ethylene in the Wood of Stressed Trees1
Authors: Leopold A. C. , Brown K. M. , Emerson F. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Imposing stress on branches of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), apple (Pyrus malus L.), and peach (Prunus persica Sieb. and Zucc.) trees by tying them in arcs resulted in increases in the ethylene content of the internal atmospheres of the stressed branches.
Seed Onion Temperatures and Their Effect on Stomata1
Authors: Goltz S. M. , Tanner C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Temp of seed onion scapes and leaves, measured in the field both in Wise, and in Idaho, showed a min stomatal resistance at about 30°C with a strong increase occurring at lower temp and more moderate increase at higher temp. Daytime measurements in Wise, showed interior scape temp could be as much as 7°C above air temp, while umbel center and mean leaf temp were seldom more than 2° above. During the night, plant and air temp were within 1°.
Response of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat to Foliar and Soil Applications of Ancymidol1
Authors: Larson Roy A. , Kimmins R. Kent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
α-Cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) applied to inherently tall-growing chrysanthemum cultivars controlled ht at concn of 62 mg/liter (0.06 mg/15 cm pot) when applied as a foliar spray, and 0.12 mg/15 cm pot when applied as a soil drench. An thesis was delayed in plants treated with high concn of the growth retardant but flower size and no., and node no. were unaffected.
The Salinas Valley of California
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Salinas River1 and the valley through which it flows are deceiving to the casual traveler driving through on a summer day. If he looks down while crossing one of the bridges over it, the river is quite unimpressive. The bed seems to be largely overgrown with weeds. The trickles and pools of water seem to have no movement. The traveler is likely to forego a second look and to relegate it to the far reaches of his mind with all the other dry streambeds of the West.
Guidelines for Reporting Studies Conducted in Controlled Environment Chambers1
Authors: _ _ 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The following guidelines3 are proposed for reporting research conducted in plant growth chambers, especially for physiological studies. Greater detail concerning environmental conditions is being requested because similar studies conducted in different laboratories often result in different rates of plant growth and development. Investigation has demonstrated that these differences can be attributed to variations in certain factors of the environment, including soil temp, humidity, carbon dioxide and air movement, that often are unreported. Only when all factors in the environment are adequately described can studies be compared or the experiment be repeated in another laboratory. Hopefully, use of the following guidelines will enable investigators to achieve these objectives. The model paragraph outlined below can be filled in and utilized for detailing the environmental information in research articles.
A Technique for Studying Quantitatively the Variation in Size and Shape of Carrot Roots1
Authors: Umiel Nakdimon , Kust A. F. , Gabelman W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A technique is reported for studying quantitatively the variability in size and shape of carrot roots. The method uses 2 measuring devices which are modifications of an instrument reported earlier by Mack and Lachman. The devices measure variables associated with root size and shape accurately and rapidly. The raw data can be readily converted to more descriptive statistics. Applying the technique to cultivars representing the broad spectrum of variability in carrots, we obtained for each cultivar a numerical description of an average root. Converting the numerical variables into a graphic display resulted in a schematic drawing which describes each cultivar. The technique was applied similarly to describe seasonal changes in root size and shape within a cultivar. The potential use of the procedure for carrot research is indicated.
Emergence of Hypogeal and Epigeal Germinating Species of Phaseolus and Pisum in Compacted and Uncompacted Soil1
Authors: Beckham L. S. , Rutger J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Emergence of 2 epigeal and 1 hypogeal species of Phaseolus and a hypogeal species of Pisum were compared under packed and unpacked soil conditions. Hypogeal entries consistently exhibited better emergence thiough packed and crusted soils than the epigeal entries.
Growth of Vegetatively Propagated Tomato Plants in Relation to Crude Protein Content of the Stock Plant1
Authors: Lowe L. B. , Ries S. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 1350) were grown under several different N regimes, and used as stock plants for vegetative propagation. The dry wt of vegetatively-propagated shoots was closely related to the crude protein content of the stock plants. The dry wt of roots from terminal cuttings was positively correlated with the crude protein content of the stock plants. The crude protein accumulated by the new shoot was proportional to the size of the shoot.
Some Effects of Eastern X-Disease on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Peach Leaves1
Authors: Wayne McKee M. , Fridrich J. H. , Forshey C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf samples collected during the 1971 growing season from peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] affected with eastern X-disease and compared with leaves from healthy trees had the same soluble N, but a greatly reduced H20-insoluble fraction, and increased pipecolic acid content. These results are similar to those reported for western X-disease and further corroborate the similarity of these diseases. Physiological effect of the pathogen on the peach host may be the equivalent of a prolonged moisture stress.
Spur/Pedicel Abnormalities and Resultant Growth Effects in the Apple
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An extra application of 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)prop ionic acid (fenoprop) applied to apple trees in a commercial orchard, with an otherwise normal schedule of chemical treatment, produced abnormal fruit the following year which was unacceptable to the commercial market. The spur/pedicel development was abnormally enlarged, fruit were parthenocarpic and failed to attain normal size. The shape of the fruit was not characteristic for the cultivar. Trees were in a nonvigorous condition and would not support flower-bud formation for succeeding crops.
β-Sitosterol, StigmasteroL Campesterol and Octacosanol in Extracts from ‘Wedgwood’ Iris Shoots1
Authors: Staby George L. , De Hertogh A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry (MS) the main sterols of sprout tissue from Iris hollandica Hoog cv. Wedgwood were identified as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. A 4th substance which co-chromatographed with cholesterol was shown by MS to be octacosanol, a saturated C28 primary alcohol.
Evaluation of Pressure Bomb and Dye Method Measurements of Tissue Water Potential in Greenhouse Chrysanthemum.1
Authors: Spomer Louis A. , Langhans Robert W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pressure bomb and dye methods of measuring water stress in greenhouse-grown Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Adoration were evaluated in terms of thermocouple psychrometer water stress measurements. Tissue water potential was used as an index of water stress. Thermocouple psychrometer measured water potentials were demonstrated to be representative of true tissue water potentials. Both the pressure bomb and dye methods gave values higher than the psychrometer measurements; however, both methods provided relatively good estimates of Chrysanthemum tissue water potentials.
Rapid Determination of “Skin-toughness” in Sweetpotato1
Authors: Bouwkamp J. C. , Scott L. E. , Harris W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A procedure and device is described involving a small jet of water under pressure directed onto the surface of a sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root. The time required for the stream to abrade the skin is taken as a measure of the “skin-toughness.” The time required for abrasion of 18 cultivars was correlated with their condition scores after mechanical harvesting. Skin was more resistant to abrasion 1 day after digging than when freshly dug and curing further increased skin-toughness. Relative skin-toughness of cultivars changes during curing and storage.
Decline and Recovery of Petunia Flower Development from Ozone Stress
Authors: Craker L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flower fresh wt and diam of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilmorin, cv. Blue Lagoon) decreased under a 5 day per week ozone treatment of 5 to 7 μl/Hter as compared to controls. Removal of ozone from the plants gaseous environment allowed recovery of the plant with slow return to normal flower development.
Repressed Growth and Leaf Chlorosis of Japanese Holly Grown in Hardwood Bark1
Authors: Morris W. C. , Milbocker D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Suppressed growth and chlorotic leaves of Japanese holly (Ilex crenata, Thunb. ‘Hetzii’) when grown in hardwood bark, were caused by the uptake of excessive amounts of available Mn in bark leachates.
Two Red Leaf Characters Associated with Early Ripening Peaches1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H. , Prince V. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two leaf color characters, solid red and variegated red, are associated with early fruit ripening in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. These color characters appear in leaves approaching senescence and can be scored in 1-year-old seedlings.
A Method for Estimating the Yields of Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Chaplin M. H. , Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method for estimating sweet cherry yields was devised based on the calculation of a yield index value which incorporates estimates of the bearing surface of the tree and density of fruits on limb units. The relationship between yield index and actual yield was determined by regression analysis. The linear regression of yield index (Y) on actual yield (X) accounted for 84.6% of the variation.
Girdling Effects on Orange Fruit Set and Young Fruit Abscission1
Authors: Monselise S. P. , Goren R. , Wallerstein Israela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A previous report that girdling at the beginning of bloom increases yield of orange trees by increasing fruit number but not fruit size has been confirmed. Girdling caused the abortion of some flowers which were in the early differentiation stages at girdling time, and decreased the drop of ovaries during the first portion of the shedding season. Thus fewer flowers produced more fruits. Since it has been shown that girdling increases gibberellin activity in the aerial parts, the dual effect of gibberellin on flower formation and fruit setting may explain these influences of girdling.
Peroxidase Activity in Onion Bulbs of Long and Short Dormancy1
Authors: Poovaiah B. W. , Vest Grant , Rasmussen H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The peroxidase activity in bulbs of 3 onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes known to differ in their dormancy characteristics was investigated at 2 stages of bulb development. Peroxidase activity was estimated by the oxidation of p-phenylenediamine, and peroxidase isozymes were studied by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peroxidase activity of all 3 genotypes was the same in young bulbs (1.5 – 2 cm, diam), but in mature bulbs peroxidase activity differed with genotype. Bulbs with short dormancy had higher activity, and a greater no. of isozymes than bulbs with long dormancy. A commercial preharvest spray of maleic hydrazide (MH) did not affect peroxidase activity in bulbs of either dormancy type.
A Recessive Cotyledon Marker Gene in Cucumber with Pleiotropic Effects1
Authors: Shanmugasundaram S. , Williams P. H. , Peterson C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) a recessive gene designated sc (stunted cotyledon) produces small, dark green, concavely curved cotyledons with chlorotic tips with pleiotropic effects of plant weakness and stunting, cupped leaves, and abnormally shaped flowers.
Comparison of Polyethylene and Polyethylene-coated Bio-degradeable Paper Mulches on Strawberry1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bio-degradeable paper mulches with a polyethylene (PE) coating on both sides or with a single PE coating applied against the soil surface satisfactorily endured Florida's 7 month growing season and gave similar fruit yields and fertilizer leaching results as compared to black PE mulch. Paper mulch was harder to transplant through since it is less flexible than PE mulch, but it does not have to be removed from the Geld at season's end.