bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Carbetocin versus Misoprostol versus Ergometrine for Controlling Bleeding after Cesarean Section in Primigravidae
Authors: Abdeldayem Ahmed Hamdy , Elnamoury Mohamed Mohsen , Othman Ahmed Mohamed , Sabaa Tarek Mohamed El 
Published: July 2022

Background: Women undergoing cesarean section have a high risk of blood loss and so are more likely to need a blood transfusion. The aim of this work was to compare the effectiveness of using carbetocin versus misoprostol versus ergometrine for controlling bleeding after cesarean section in primigravidae.
Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients aged from18-35 years old, primigravidae with singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section. Participants were divided into three equal groups: carbetocin group (group C) received a single 1-ml ampoule of carbetocin (100 μg/mL) added to 10 cm saline intravenously following the delivery of the neonate, misoprostol group (group M) received misoprostol 400ug per rectum immediately after induction of anesthesia in operating theater and ergometrine group (group E) received 0.2 mg of ergometrine intramuscularly in the first minute after delivery of the baby.
Results: The amount of blood in suction jar, amount of blood loss, Hb change and HTC change were significantly higher in the misoprostol group and ergometrine group than in the carbetocin group (p <0.05) and in the ergometrine group than the misoprostol group (p <0.001). Post-operative Hb in the ergometrine group was significantly lower in the carbetocin group (p =0.001).
Conclusions: Carbetocin can be considered a superior choice to misoprostol and ergometrine in reducing blood loss during CS in primigravidae.
Ceftriaxone Injectables: An In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Comparative Efficacy
Authors: Ijaz-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Zaheer Sumayya , Altaf Reem , Ilyas Umair 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The objective of the current study was to compare the In Vitro efficacy of regionally produced brands of ceftriaxone with that of the global innovator brand. Therefore, a fact-based conclusion at the end of the study will serve to dispel any uncertainty regarding the efficacy of medications produced locally, whether they are inferior or equal in their comparative activity.
Study Design: This study was In Vitro Lab based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was performed in Riphah International University, Department of Pharmacy from July 2021 to August 2021.
Methodology: Five regional brands and one international parent brand (Rocephin) were chosen. The multinational product was regarded as the standard. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aurogenosa were the four bacterial strains against which activities were tested. Antibiotics' zone of inhibition was measured using the agar well method, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was identified using the broth dilution method.
Results: All tested brands showed effectiveness against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aurogenosa.Some of the brands at some point showed more In Vitro efficacy than the standard brand.
Conclusion: Health care professionals can be confident in prescribing locally manufactured brands that have equivalent efficacy to their international counterparts based on the findings of the study. Healthcare professionals can suggest the generic brand in population where medicine cost is directly affecting the patients adherence to therapeutic regimen.
Investigation of Bacterial Load and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility in an Artisanal Refining Environment
Authors: Ollor O. A. , Agi V. N. , Azike C. A. , Orji G. T. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Bacteria present in the atmosphere often show predicable patterns across space and time. and these patterns and properties of the bacteria can be affected by presence of soot which is generated by artisanal refining and excessive burning of fossil fuel. These bacteria are being inhaled by humans on daily basis and this can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment.
Aim: This work was carried out to investigate the microbial load and antimicrobial susceptibility of an environment associated with artisanal refining activities.
Methodology: The eight samples were taken randomly from four different locations in a high artisanal refining state Rivers State (Ojoto Roundabout, Nembe Waterside, Rumuokalagbor Village, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Rivers State University Microbiology laboratory and Mile 1 Park) all in Port Harcourt, Rivers State and compared to two locations from another state Kano state (No. 33 Lamido Crescent and God is Good Motors Park, Kano State) without artisanal refining activities all in Nigeria and tested for viable bacteria load. The six test and two control samples were collected on prepared dry nutrient agar exposed to free air for a period of five (5) minutes and were covered properly and transferred to the laboratory and incubated at 37OC for 24 hours. The isolates were morphologically and biochemically determined and identified.
Results: The Total Heterotrophic count indicates that samples from Rumuokalagbor village have a high number of bacteria growth colonies with a colony forming unit of 1.43 x 106 while sample from Rivers State University Teaching Hospital had lesser colony forming unit of 7.5 x 105,. However, the Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count from our control is seen to be very low with 3.2 x 105 and 2.8 x 105 respectively. Microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus species and Staphylococcus species. were identified from the various locations. Few isolates were gotten from the entire laboratory with a total of 22 isolates, 18 Bacillus species (77), 3 Staphylococcus species (18%) and 1 Staphylococcus aureus (5%). The antimicrobial sensitivity results revealed Ciprofloxacin (77%) having higher sensitivity followed by Levofloxacin (66.6%). Norfloxacin (0%), Rifampicin (0%) and Ampiclox (0%) were seen to be highly resistant to the bacteria isolated.
Conclusion: This work was able to identify Bacillus species,Staphylococcus species and Staphylococcus aerues. as bacteria associated with artisanal refining at the different sampled sites. Strict implementation on stopping artisanal refining in our communities is recommended to reduce the public health risk posed by soot inhalation.
Droplet Microarray as a Powerful Platform for Seeking New Antibiotics Against Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Lei Wenxi , Deckers Anke , Luchena Charlotte , Popova Anna , Reischl Markus , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan , Schwartz Thomas , Krimmelbein Ilga K. , Tietze Lutz F. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria is a severe threat to public health. Therefore, it is urgent to establish effective screening systems for identifying novel antibacterial compounds. In this study, a highly miniaturized droplet microarray (DMA) based high‐throughput screening system is established to screen over 2000 compounds for their antimicrobial properties against carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The DMA consists of an array of hydrophilic spots divided by superhydrophobic borders. Due to the differences in the surface wettability between the spots and the borders, arrays of hundreds of nanoliter‐sized droplets containing bacteria and different drugs can be generated for screening applications. A simple colorimetric viability readout utilizing a conventional photo scanner is developed for fast single‐step detection of the inhibitory effect of the compounds on bacterial growth on the whole array. Six hit compounds, including coumarins and structurally simplified estrogen analogs are identified in the primary screening and validated with minimum inhibition concentration assay for their antibacterial effect. This study demonstrates that the DMA‐based high‐throughput screening system enables the identification of potential antibiotics from novel synthetic compound libraries, offering opportunities for development of new treatments against multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Robust and Superhydrophobic PTFE Membranes with Crosshatched Nanofibers for Membrane Distillation and Carbon Dioxide Stripping
Authors: Kim Seungju , Heath Daniel E. , Kentish Sandra E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanofiber membranes with novel crosshatched structures are developed and applied to both water desalination by direct contact membrane distillation (MD) and CO2 separation by membrane gas absorption. Crosshatched structures are produced from a PTFE‐poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) emulsion by depositing alternating layers of aligned fibers oriented in perpendicular directions. This is followed by sintering to remove the PEO and to stabilize the structure. The crosshatched structure allows for rapid gas and vapor transport due to the low tortuosity and high porosity, leading to fast and effective separation. PTFE nanofiber membranes with these novel structures are ideal for membrane CO2 stripping as this polymer is inherently strong and very hydrophobic. The mass transfer in both MD and CO2 stripping is greatly improved in the crosshatched nanofibers (CNF) as well as in composite membranes with microparticles (CNF‐MP), as compared with conventional random nanofibers. The membranes exhibit a MD flux up to 98.5 ± 1.2 kg m−2h−1, significantly greater than a standard PTFE membrane with asymmetric morphology, when tested with a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride feed solution at 80 °C in direct contact with water at 20 °C.
Room‐Temperature Multi‐Beam, Multi‐Wavelength Bound States in the Continuum Laser
Authors: Ha Son Tung , Paniagua‐Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA highly polarized multi‐beam, multi‐wavelength III–V semiconductor laser based on the concept of bound states in the continuum (BIC) is reported. By utilizing destructive interferences of guided‐mode resonances in an active slab supported by a grating structure, both symmetry‐protected and accidental BIC resonances are created within the gain spectrum of InGaP multi‐quantum wells and achieve lasing in these modes simultaneously. Well‐defined multi‐lasing beams at different wavelengths (i.e., 664.9 nm @ 0.2°, 656.4 nm @ 2.5°, 646.4 nm @ 5.1°, and 636.7 nm @ 7.6°) with transverse magnetic polarization can be obtained in a single device operating at room temperature. Furthermore, the lasing wavelengths can be precisely tuned by changing the grating parameters. The laser concept presented in this paper is promising for applications in highly directional surface‐emitting lasers, optical communications, bio‐sensing, and signal processing.
Low‐Voltage Electrically Responsive Photonic Crystal Based on Weak‐Polar Colloidal System
Authors: Bao Guangyang , Yu Wenyuan , Fu Qianqian , Ge Jianping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrically responsive photonic crystal (ERPC) based on particle electrophoresis is a promising material to construct reflective color displays with low‐power‐consumption and antiglare advantages. However, the high driving voltages for the polar ERPC inevitably cause electrochemical reactions on the electrode, which decreases the stability and reversibility of electrical response. Here, a weak‐polar EPRC composed of hydrophobic SiO2 particles, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) is fabricated based on the charge separation by AOT reverse micelles and formation of highly charged particles in DCB. Compared to the polar ERPCs, the SiO2/DCB‐AOT ERPC works at much lower voltages (0.5–1.7 V) and still possesses a wide color tuning range because the weak‐polar solvent applies less screening to the coulombic interactions. The low potential further renders the ERPC good capability against color fading in a strong field and long‐term reversibility during color switching, which addresses the critical concerns for its application in reflective displays.
Effect of growing degree days, day of the year, and cropping systems on reproductive development of Kernza in Kansas
Authors: Barriball Spencer , Han Abigail , Schlautman Brandon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReproductive growth and development of cool‐season grasses is primarily driven by air temperature and photoperiod. This study was conducted near Salina, KS, to model the effects of growing degree days (GDD), day of the year (DOY), and cropping systems on first‐ and second‐year intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium(Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] (IWG) in Kernza perennial grain production systems. In 2018 and 2019, GDD and DOY were highly correlated with reproductive growth and development (i.e., mean stage count, head meristem height, and leaf, stem, and head biomass fractions). Row spacing, fertilization, and intercropping with alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) did not influence IWG reproductive growth and development. Across years, DOY more closely predicted reproductive stages than GDD, indicating a greater response to photoperiod than air temperature. After stem initiation, the fraction of total biomass allocated to leaves decreased, whereas stem and head biomass increased in response to GDD and DOY. At anthesis, stem biomass exceeded leaf and head biomass. Parameterizing GDD and DOY models for management in IWG dual‐purpose, Kernza grain production systems will require additional datasets from many locations and environments.
Why honeybees are poor pollinators of a mass‐flowering plant: Experimental support for the low pollen quality hypothesis
Authors: Diller Carolina , Castañeda‐Zárate Miguel , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseHoneybees dominate the flower‐visitor assemblages of many plant species, yet their efficiency in terms of the quality of pollen delivered to stigmas is largely unknown. We investigated why honeybees are poor pollinators of Aloe ferox, a self‐incompatible succulent treelet with large numbers of flowers. Honeybees are very frequent visitors to flowers of this species, yet contribute very little to seed production.MethodsWe assessed pollen loads on honeybees, studied their visitation behavior, selectively excluded birds from plants to determine direct effects of bees on pollen deposition, seed set, and ovule abortion, and used a novel “split‐pollinator” method to test whether honeybees deposit mainly low‐quality self pollen. For the latter, we captured honeybees, and with their existing pollen loads, used them to either pollinate virgin flowers on the plant on which they were caught or to pollinate virgin flowers on different plants.ResultsHoneybees cumulatively deposit as much pollen on stigmas as do birds, but our experiments showed that the pollen deposited by honeybees is mostly low‐quality self pollen that leads to substantial ovule discounting and depressed seed set.ConclusionsLack of movement among A. ferox plants during individual honeybee foraging bouts is the most likely explanation for their deposition of low‐quality self pollen on stigmas. The “split‐pollinator” method is a simple and cost‐effective technique to test the quality of pollination.
Identifying optimal dispersant aids for flame retardant additives in tetramethyl cyclobutanediol‐based copolyesters
Authors: Fischer Jacob , Cable Kevin , Dadmun Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProper dispersion of an additive throughout a polymer matrix is essential to achieving the desired effects of the additive. Typically, this dispersion is difficult due to poor interactions between the polymer and additive. In the case of melamine cyanurate (MC), an extensive hydrogen bonding network among the principal components results in large domains that prevent it from adequately dispersing within many polymer matrices. Adding a hydrogen bonding capable polymer that competes with intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the MC may lead to a reduction in MC domain size. The disruption of intramolecular MC hydrogen bonding was monitored with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while crystalline domain size was determined with scanning electron microscopy. Water‐soluble polymers are identified as an ideal category of dispersing aids for their hydrogen bonding ability and compatibility with melamine cyanurate. Disrupting the hydrogen bonding network on an atomic level with a water‐soluble polymer dispersant led to at least a 50% reduction in measured particle size, as well as in increase in the domain size's homogeneity, as indicated by a 75% reduction in the polydispersity of particle sizes in melt mix samples.
Epigenetic Regulation of Profibrotic Macrophages in Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Papazoglou Anna , Huang Mengqi , Bulik Melissa , Lafyatis Annika , Tabib Tracy , Morse Christina , Sembrat John , Rojas Mauricio , Valenzi Eleanor , Lafyatis Robert 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) is the leading cause of death in patients with SSc with unclear pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Evidence strongly supports an important role for profibrotic secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)–expressing macrophages in SSc‐ILD. This study was undertaken to define the transcriptome and chromatin structural changes of SPP1 SSc‐ILD macrophages in order to better understand their role in promoting fibrosis and to identify transcription factors associated with open chromatin driving their altered phenotype.MethodsWe performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) on 11 explanted SSc‐ILD and healthy control lung samples, as well as single‐cell assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing on 5 lung samples to define altered chromatin accessibility of SPP1 macrophages. We predicted transcription factors regulating SPP1 macrophages using single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) and determined transcription factor binding sites associated with global alterations in SPP1 chromatin accessibility using Signac/Seurat.ResultsWe identified distinct macrophage subpopulations using scRNA‐Seq analysis in healthy and SSc‐ILD lungs and assessed gene expression changes during the change of healthy control macrophages into SPP1 macrophages. Analysis of open chromatin validated SCENIC predictions, indicating that microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, transcription factor EB, activating transcription factor 6, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, basic helix‐loop‐helix family member E40, Kruppel‐like factor 6, ETS variant transcription factor 5, and/or members of the activator protein 1 family of transcription factors regulate SPP1 macrophage differentiation.ConclusionOur findings shed light on the underlying changes in chromatin structure and transcription factor regulation of profibrotic SPP1 macrophages in SSc‐ILD. Similar alterations in SPP1 macrophages may underpin fibrosis in other organs involved in SSc and point to novel targets for the treatment of SSc‐ILD, specifically targeting profibrotic macrophages.
Are stereotypes in decline? The portrayal of female anatomy in e‐learning
Authors: Darici Dogus , Schneider Agnes Yüeh‐Dan , Missler Markus , Pfleiderer Bettina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSex and gender bias in anatomy learning materials are considered a “hidden obstacle” to gender equity in medical curricula. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether quantitative sex and gender biases do exist in popular anatomy e‐learning platforms and compare the results with those found in contemporary textbooks and atlases. A systematic content‐analysis was performed on N = 3767 images published from 2008 to 2021 in which sex/gender could be identified by considering technical aspects of illustration and various intersectional categories. E‐learning platforms took into account an appropriate representation of the female body and presented even more females (n = 932/1412; 66%), more frequently from a ventral/anterior (χ2 = 26, P < 0.001) and whole‐body perspective (χ2 = 27, P < 0.001). This was in contrast to German anatomy books, where the results pointed to a significant sex and gender bias. For example, all books assessed underrepresented females (n = 707/2355; 30%) and placed them in stereotypical sex‐specific context (χ2 = 348, P < 0.001), showing them more often from a caudal/inferior (χ2 = 99, P < 0.001) and internal (χ2 = 132, P < 0.001) perspective. Altogether, the visual representation of sex and gender in anatomical curricula is still biased and the stereotypical perceptions of human anatomy seem to be a global issue. However, the increasing use of electronic learning platforms, which gradually replace traditional books is changing the way the male and female body is depicted, which might offer new opportunities for reducing stereotypes in anatomy education.
Recent Advances in the Practical Synthesis of C1 Deuterated Aromatic Aldehydes Enabled by Catalysis and Beyond
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Chatterjee Rana , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy , Dandela Rambabu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractC1‐selective deuteration of aromatic aldehydes is of great importance for isotopic labeling and for improving the characteristics of drug molecules. Due to the recent increase in the use of deuterated pharmacological drugs, there is a pressing need for synthetic procedures that are efficient to produce deuterated aromatic aldehyde analouges. Deuterium labeling approaches are typically used as an effective tool for researching pharmaceutical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Furthermore, deuterium‐labeled pharmaceuticals are intended to increase therapeutic effectiveness and reduce side effects by extending the half‐life of drug response. In the last few years, several catalytic or non‐catalytic methods have been developed to synthesize deuterated aromatic aldehydes. In this concern, we offer a brief overview of the various synthetic strategies and practical methods for the formyl‐selective deuterium labeling of aromatic aldehydes using different deuterium sources.
EMX1 functions as a tumor inhibitor in spinal cord glioma through transcriptional suppression of WASF2 and inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Han Ziyin , Mou Zufang , Jing Yulong , Jiang Rong , Sun Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGliomas are the most frequent and aggressive cancers in the central nervous system, and spinal cord glioma (SCG) is a rare class of the gliomas. Empty spiracles homobox genes (EMXs) have shown potential tumor suppressing roles in glioma, but the biological function of EMX1 in SCG is unclear.MethodsThe EMX1 expression in clinical tissues of patients with SCG was examined. SCG cells were extracted from the tissues, and altered expression of EMX1 was then introduced to examine the role of EMX1 in cell growth and invasiveness in vitro. Xenograft tumors were induced in nude mice for in vivo validation. The targets of EXM1 were predicted via bioinformatic analysis and validated by luciferase and ChIP‐qPCR assays. Rescue experiments were conducted to validate the involvements of the downstream molecules.ResultsEMX1 was poorly expressed in glioma, which was linked to decreased survival rate of patients according to the bioinformatics prediction. In clinical tissues, EMX1 was poorly expressed in SCG, especially in the high‐grade tissues. EMX1 upregulation significantly suppressed growth and metastasis of SCG cells in vitro and in vivo. EMX1 bound to the promoter of WASP family member 2 (WASF2) to suppress its transcription. Restoration of WASF2 blocked the tumor‐suppressing effect of EMX1. EMX1 suppressed Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activity by inhibiting WASF2. Coronaridine, a Wnt/β‐catenin‐specific antagonist, blocked SCG cell growth and metastasis induced by WASF2.ConclusionThis study elucidates that EMX1 functions as a tumor inhibitor in SCG by suppressing WASF2‐dependent activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin axis.