bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Delivery of Intranasally Administered Cyclovirobuxine D Liposomes to Brain for Treatment Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Anti-oxidative Stress and Activating Autophagy
Authors: Liu Tuo , Yang Fang , Lu Xiangyi , Liu Chang , Yu Yang , Chen Zhilian , Long Yongling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The lack of effective therapy mandates development of treatment for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI. The previous study suggested that Cyclovirobuxine D (CVBD) encapsulated in Angiopep-conjugated Polysorbate 80-Coated Liposomes showed a better brain targeting by intranasal administration. Therefore, this study focused on the protection and mechanism of CVBD brain-targeted liposomes in treating CIRI. In order to evaluate these, the CIRI rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-reperfusion. Pharmacological evaluation was assessed in vivo by general indexs, neurobehavioral scores, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, histopathological staining (HE staining and Nissl staining), small animal magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical assay and Western blot. The results show that CVBD liposomes alleviated pathological damage of brain. Futhermore, the protective effect of CVBD liposomes on OGD/R-injured HT22 cell was investigated by cell fusion degree, cell proliferation curve and cell viability. OGD/R-injured HT22 cell was infected by mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus. The autophagosome and autophagy flow were observed by laser confocal microscopy, and autophagy-related protein expressions (LC3, p62 and Beclin 1) were analyzed by Western blot. Meanwhile, the classic autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, was used to explore the autophagy-regulated mechanism of CVBD brain-targeted liposomes in treating CIRI. In cell model of oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation, CVBD liposomes increased cell viability and decreased ROS level. CVBD liposomes improved oxidative stress protein expressions and activated autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, CVBD liposomes reversed the decrease of cell viability, increase of ROS level, and reduction of protein expressions associated to anti-oxidative stress and autophagy induced by chloroquine. Collectively, CVBD liposomes inhibited CIRI via regulating oxidative stress and enhancing autophagy level in vivo and in vitro, showing a great potential in treating CIRI in clinic.
Multimodal Optimization with the Local Optimum Ranking 2 Algorithm
Authors: Duarte Francisco Daniel Filip 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In optimization tasks, it is interesting to achieve a set of efficient solutions instead of one single output, in the case the best solution is not suitable. Many niching methods offer a diversified response, yet some important problems are common: (1) The most interesting solutions of each local optimum are not identified. Thus, the output is the overall population of solutions, which increases the work of the designer in verifying which solution is the most interesting. (2) Existing niching algorithms tend to distribute the solutions on the most promising regions, over-populating some local optima and sub-populating others, which leads to poor optimization.To solve these challenges, a novel niching method is presented, named local optimum ranking 2 (LOR2). This sorting methodology favors the exploration of a defined number of local optima and ranks each local population by objective value within each local optimum. Thus, is performed a multi-focus exploration, with an equalized number of solutions on each local optimum, while identifying which solutions are the local apices. To exemplify its application, the LOR2 algorithm is applied in the design optimization of a metallic cantilever beam. It achieves a set of efficient and diverse design configurations, offering both performance and diversity for structural design challenges.In addition, a second experiment describes how the algorithm can be applied to segment the domain of any function, into a mesh of similar sized or custom-sized elements. Thus, it can significantly simplify metamodels and reduce their computation time.
Etemadi Fuzzy Linear Regression (EFLR)
Authors: Etemadi Sepideh , Khashei Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Modeling and forecasting are among the most powerful and widely-used tools in decision support systems. The Fuzzy Linear Regression (FLR) is the most fundamental method in the fuzzy modeling area in which the uncertain relationship between the target and explanatory variables is estimated and has been frequently used in a broad range of real-world applications efficaciously. The operation logic in this method is to minimize the vagueness of the model, defined as the sum of individual spreads of the fuzzy coefficients. Although this process is coherent and can obtain the narrowest α-cut interval and exceptionally the most accurate results in the training data sets, it can not guarantee to achieve the desired level of generalization. While the quality of made managerial decisions in the modeling-based field is dependent on the generalization ability of the used method. On the other hand, the generalizability of a method is generally dependent on the precision as well as reliability of results, simultaneously. In this paper, a novel methodology is presented for the fuzzy linear regression modeling; in which in contrast to conventional methods, the constructed models' reliability is maximized instead of minimizing the vagueness. In the proposed model, fuzzy parameters are estimated in such a way that the variety of the ambiguity of the model is minimized in different data conditions. In other words, the weighted variance of different ambiguities in each validation data situation is minimized in order to estimate the unknown fuzzy parameters. To comprehensively assess the proposed method's performance, 74 benchmark datasets are regarded from the UCI. Empirical outcomes show that, in 64.86% of case studies, the proposed method has better generalizability, i.e., narrower α-cut interval as well as more accurate results in the interval and point estimation, than classic versions. It is obviously demonstrated the importance of the outcomes' reliability in addition to the precision that is not considered in the traditional FLR modeling processes. Hence, the presented EFLR method can be considered as a suitable alternative in fuzzy modeling fields, especially when more generalization is favorable.
Síndrome congênita pelo Zika Vírus (SCZ) e seus aspectos estomatológicos: uma revisão sistematizada
Authors: Aguiar Eduarda Candida Gomes , Ribeiro Eliane de Oliveira Aranha , Walter Cátia Crivelenti de Figueiredo 
Published: January 2022

Em 2015 houve um aumento significativo no número de crianças nascidas com microcefalia no Brasil. Vários estudos associaram este achado e outros defeitos congênitos à infeccção pelo vírus Zika, designando-se de Síndrome congênita pelo Zika vírus. Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar os principais aspectos estomatológicos de crianças acometidas pela síndrome congênita do Zika Vírus, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Realizou-se uma busca dos dados nas plataformas de pesquisa PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e no Google Acadêmico, de onde foram selecionados 14 artigos. Os principais achados foram: alteração na sequência e cronologia de erupção dentária; alterações de esmalte; freio lingual encurtado; grande predisposição no desenvolvimento de cáries; e doenças periodontais. A análise dos dados sugere que a inclusão do cirurgião dentista na equipe multiprofissional de cuidados a essas crianças, ainda nos primeiros meses de vida desses pacientes, é fulcral para detecção e prevenção de doenças estomatognáticas.
Empiema subdural de origem odontogênica: relato de caso
Authors: Meurer Lucas Marques , Raffaele Regina Maria , Peruffo Letícia Bandeira , Baldo Mario Eduardo , Lacerda Caio Botelho Vieira de , Cavalcanti Herbert de Abreu , Gaetti-Jardim Ellen Cristina 
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O Empiema subdural caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo de secreção purulenta entre as meninges, via de regra é associado à presença de infecções contíguas ao encéfalo ou face potencialmente disseminantes como a sinusite. Objetivo: Relatamos aqui um caso raro de Empiema resultante de um processo infecioso de origem odontogênica. Relato de caso: jovem de 17 anos do sexo masculino, admitido pelo Pronto Socorro da Associação Beneficente Santa Casa de Campo Grande MS, com suspeita de meningite bacteriana referindo quadro febril, cefaleia e fotofobia. Mediante avaliação multidisciplinar envolvendo as equipes de Medicina Intensiva, Odontologia Hospitalar e Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial pôde-se rastrear a origem da infecção e numa abordagem conjunta com a Equipe de Neurocirurgia proceder com a remoção dos focos infecciosos.
The reconciliation of the development and implementation of police accountability in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yesufu Shaka 
Published: January 2022

The objects of this research are: first, to explain some of the issues surrounding police accountability in the United Kingdom. Second, to make attempts in reconciling two opposing views as to whom police in the UK are accountable for? Third, to clarify the vagueness and ambiguous definitional concepts of the police constable, constabulary independence, and the use of police discretionary powers.
The author investigated the following problems: lack of police proper accountability, vague and ambiguous meaning of constabulary independence constable oath of office, and the use of police discretionary powers.
The main results of the research are: first, more clarity is needed as to whom is the British police accountable to? Second, a review of the current oath of office for police constable, the implementation of finding by previous committees set up by government: Lord Scarman, Rt Hon Christopher Patten, and Lord Nolan reports. Third, the monitoring of police officers' use of discretionary powers.
The area of practical use of the research: is for all citizens, directly or indirectly affected by police and safer communities. Criminal justice students in higher institutions and criminal justice practitioners, government officials, and policymakers.
Strengthening the Role of Women in Empowering Mosque Functions After the Covid 19 Pandemic with a Social Entrepreneurship Approach
Authors: Luthfiyah Zeni 
Published: January 2022

This service aims to increase women's awareness and capacity in managing the function of an economy-based mosque through Zakat, Infak, Shodaqoh, and Waqf (Ziswaf) funds. This departs from the fact in the community around the assisted mosque that in every majlis of women-based religious activities there is an economic sector that is built and developed with a savings and loan cooperative system. especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the community's need for social institutions like this is very high, this can be seen from the number of borrowers at one of the women's ta'lim majlis which has increased sharply. Therefore, it is important to help increase their role and capacity, in the process of social change and improving people's welfare. Thus, institutionally mosques and mosque congregations as a community of the nation-state can contribute optimally in the national development process. The ability to master mosque empowerment strategies by developing zakat, infaq, shadaqah, and waqaf (ZISWAF) instruments is important to be mastered by mosque welfare officials and women driving economic activity in majlis ta'lim. The method applied in this program is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which prioritizes critical dialogue using object/community-based disclosure, to obtain a real perspective in the minds of the target object and at the same time fulfil the paradigmatic alignment as mentioned above. The approach taken in this program is a social entrepreneurship approach, which combines increasing the value of resources economically and streamlining social goals and missions. This approach aims to improve social aspects, as well as implement strategies that are integrated between social and economic aspects.
Subacute Thyroiditis Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Ragab Abdelgalil 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or granulomatous thyroiditis is usually a self-limiting inflammatory condition. The clinical presentation varies from
person to person, but is usually associated with pain and systemic symptoms.

Case Report:
Herein, a case of a previously healthy 40 years old male who presented with unilateral right neck pain of gradual onset and progressive course has
been described. The patient had recovered from a symptomatic Covid-19 infection 5 months back. The clinical examination, imaging and
histopathological examination were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. The patient received medication in the form of
pain killer, Celebrex and paracetamol, without corticosteroids, and completely recovered.

Conclusion:
The possibility of subacute thyroiditis post-COVID-19 infection should be considered.
Evaluasi program sosialisasi vaksinasi covid-19 melalui media sosial
Authors: Aw Suranto 
Published: January 2022

One of the evaluation parameters that can measure the effectiveness of socialization programs through social media is citizen engagement, namely public involvement in important or essential problems on social media. This evaluation was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccination socialization program through social media. The object of the evaluation is the netizen conversations on Twitter in the form of messages, statuses, or tweets that mention the keyword 'COVID-19 Vaccine' on social media. The effectiveness criteria of the socialization program were based on the citizen engagement index or the citizen involvement index which is examined from the netizen opinions on sentiment (positive/negative) and emotion (trust/fear) indicators. The evaluation results show that the socialization program has succeeded in increasing positive sentiment and emotions of trust. Positive sentiment was shown by netizens' opinions, which were dominated by posts that supported and accepted the vaccination program. Emotion of trust was dominated by the trust and acceptance posts. This finding, when confirmed with facts in the community, indicates a conformity. The public has supported, approved, trusted and accepted the Covid-19 vaccination.Salah satu parameter evaluasi yang dapat mengukur keefektifan program sosialisasi melalui media sosial adalah citizen engagement, yaitu keterlibatan publik terhadap suatu problematika penting atau yang dianggap penting di media sosial. Evaluasi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keefektifan program sosialisasi vaksinasi Covid-19 melalui media sosial. Objek evaluasi adalah percakapan warganet di Twitter baik berupa pesan, status, maupun tweet yang menyebutkan kata kunci ‘Vaksin COVID-19’ di media sosial. Kriteria keefektifan program sosialisasi mengacu kepada citizen engagement index atau indeks keterlibatan warganet yang dianalisis dari opini warganet pada indikator sentimen (positif/negative) dan emosi (trust/fear). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan Program sosialisasi berhasil meningkatkan sentiment positif dan emosi trust. Sentimen positif ditunjukkan opini warganet yang didominasi unggahan mendukung dan menyetujui vaksinasi. Emosi trust, didominasi oleh unggahan rasa percaya dan menerima. Temuan ini apabila dikonfirmasi dengan fakta di masyarakat, mengindikasikan adanya kesesuaian. Masyarakat telah mendukung, menyetujui, percaya, dan menerima vaksinasi Covid-19.
The meaning of social media for women domestic workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Astagini Nuria , Sarwono Billy K 
Published: January 2022

Social media plays an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic, where physical activity and community mobility are limited. Especially for women who work as domestic workers who live with their employers. Social media is the only means for them to connect with the outside world.Previous studies have shown that a person's identity can be shown through the front stage and the back stage. Theoretically, this study analyzing how women domestic workers identify themselves through the online realm using social media. This study uses a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach. The research participants were three women domestic worker who were obtained purposively using the snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observation to participants. The results of the study show that social media allows participants to construct a reality in the online realm that is different from their situation in real life. Therefore, social media has a very important meaning for participants, because with social media, participants feel their position is equal to other users. They also have access to create a front stage and a back stage, where they can create their ideal self-identity. The aspect of self that are presented by the participants on the front stage is individuals who are successful and happy with their lives. For participants, this is an aspect of their ideal self, even though it does not represent their actual state.
An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in India (SnehAI): Instrumental Case Study
Authors: Wang Hua , Gupta Sneha , Singhal Arvind , Muttreja Poonam , Singh Sanghamitra , Sharma Poorva , Piterova Alice 
Published: January 2022

Background
Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI)–driven apps for health education and promotion can help in the accomplishment of several United Nations sustainable development goals. SnehAI, developed by the Population Foundation of India, is the first Hinglish (Hindi + English) AI chatbot, deliberately designed for social and behavioral changes in India. It provides a private, nonjudgmental, and safe space to spur conversations about taboo topics (such as safe sex and family planning) and offers accurate, relatable, and trustworthy information and resources.

Objective
This study aims to use the Gibson theory of affordances to examine SnehAI and offer scholarly guidance on how AI chatbots can be used to educate adolescents and young adults, promote sexual and reproductive health, and advocate for the health entitlements of women and girls in India.

Methods
We adopted an instrumental case study approach that allowed us to explore SnehAI from the perspectives of technology design, program implementation, and user engagement. We also used a mix of qualitative insights and quantitative analytics data to triangulate our findings.

Results
SnehAI demonstrated strong evidence across fifteen functional affordances: accessibility, multimodality, nonlinearity, compellability, queriosity, editability, visibility, interactivity, customizability, trackability, scalability, glocalizability, inclusivity, connectivity, and actionability. SnehAI also effectively engaged its users, especially young men, with 8.2 million messages exchanged across a 5-month period. Almost half of the incoming user messages were texts of deeply personal questions and concerns about sexual and reproductive health, as well as allied topics. Overall, SnehAI successfully presented itself as a trusted friend and mentor; the curated content was both entertaining and educational, and the natural language processing system worked effectively to personalize the chatbot response and optimize user experience.

Conclusions
SnehAI represents an innovative, engaging, and educational intervention that enables vulnerable and hard-to-reach population groups to talk and learn about sensitive and important issues. SnehAI is a powerful testimonial of the vital potential that lies in AI technologies for social good.
Distracting Through Procedural Pain and Distress Using Virtual Reality and Guided Imagery in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoag Jennifer A , Karst Jeffrey , Bingen Kristin , Palou-Torres Akasha , Yan Ke 
Published: January 2022

Background
Children with acute and chronic illness undergo frequent, painful, and distressing procedures.

Objective
This randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery (GI) versus virtual reality (VR) on the procedural pain and state anxiety of children and young adults undergoing unsedated procedures. We explored the role of trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing in intervention response.

Methods
Children and young adults were recruited from the hematology, oncology, and blood and marrow transplant clinics at a children’s hospital. Each study participant completed the GI and VR intervention during separate but consecutive unsedated procedures. Self-report measures of pain and anxiety were completed before and after the procedures.

Results
A total of 50 participants (median age 13 years) completed both interventions. GI and VR performed similarly in the management of procedural pain. Those with high pain catastrophizing reported experiencing less nervousness about pain during procedures that used VR than those using GI. State anxiety declined pre- to postprocedure in both interventions; however, the decrease reached the level of significance during the VR intervention only. Those with high trait anxiety had less pain during GI.

Conclusions
In our sample, VR worked as well as GI to manage the pain and distress associated with common procedures experienced by children with acute or chronic illnesses. Children who are primed for pain based on beliefs about pain or because of their history of chronic pain had a better response to VR. GI was a better intervention for those with high trait anxiety.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04892160; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04892160
Current Prospects of Herbal STW 5 Agent in Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Sheptulin A. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. A review of current therapeutic perspectives of the herbal STW 5 medicine (Iberogast®) in functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.Key points. A limited remediation in most common functional GI diseases, functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is conditioned by their multifactorial pathogenesis. Meanwhile, most specific medicines only target selected pathogenesis components, thus warranting a multitarget agent development. Such is Iberogast® that acts at variant components of FD and IBS pathogenesis. The article reviews the Iberogast® mechanisms of action and evaluates its treatment efficacy in FD and IBS.Conclusion. The current evidence claims that Iberogast® provides an effective and safe treatment for FD and IBS.
PENGARUH SALINITAS TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN STADIUM AKUATIK Aedes aegypti DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Sitorus Hotnida , Hidayat Wahyu , Salim Milana , Marini Marini , Ambarita Lasbudi Pertama , Mayasari Rika 
Published: January 2022

Aedes aegypti is known as the species of mosquito that breeds in fresh water, but due to the nature of adaptive this species found in habitats containing salt. This laboratory experiment aims to find out how different concentration of salinity will affect aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti. Salinity concentrations or treatment used in this study were 0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ and 10‰ with five replicates. The observed parameters is the number of hatched eggs and number of surviving larvae or pupa after exposed to media containing salt. The results show that salinity influence both the number of hatced eggs and surviving larvae or pupae. There were decrease of number of hatched eggs and also the surviving larva or pupa as salinity increase. Analysis of variance showed significant relationship between salinity and the number of larvae or pupae survived but not with number of hatched eggs. Dengue vector adaptation against salinity become a phenomenon that needs to be examined and related to the spread of vector in habitats containing salt as well as transmission of the virus.