bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pencegahan Stunting dengan Pembuatan Camilan Pendamping Makan Balita Di Kelurahan Masjid, Kota Samarinda
Authors: Dzakiy Wildan , Agustiningrum Putri , Nugroho Purwo Setiyo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Stunting can occur because one of the factors is the mother's education which has an impact on the mother's low knowledge about stunting and also inappropriate maternal parenting. The results of observations at the intervention site show that there are still people who ignore the importance of nutritional intake and most of the people have less knowledge and awareness about stunting prevention. In addition, children under five in the area also do not like vegetables. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out with the aim of increasing the understanding and skills of mothers in preventing stunting in toddlers and processing vegetables that can be interesting for consumption by toddlers. The target of this activity is mothers who have toddlers in the Masjid Village, Samarinda City. The activity was carried out on December 9, 2021 through education and training. The media used are leaflets. This activity is evaluated by making direct observations during the implementation of the activity. The result of this activity is that the community begins to understand stunting prevention efforts and is skilled in processing vegetables into more attractive spring roll snacks for consumption by toddlers as an alternative to healthy snacks to prevent stunting.
Keywords: Spring Roll Snacks, Stunting, Food Companion

Abstrak. Stunting dapat terjadi karena salah satu faktornya adalah pendidikan Ibu yang berdampak pada rendahnya pengetahuan Ibu tentang tentang stunting dan juga pola asuh ibu yang tidak tepat. Hasil observasil observadi di lokasi intervensi menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat masyarakat yang mengabaikan pentingnya asupan gizi dan sebagian besar masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran yang kurang tentang pencegahan stunting. Selain itu, anak balita di wilayah tersebut juga tidak menyukai sayuran. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan Ibu dalam mencegah stunting pada balita serta mengolah sayuran yang dapat menarik untuk dikonsumsi oleh balita. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah Ibu yang memiliki balita di Kelurahan Masjid, Kota Samarinda. Kegiatan dilakukan pada 9 Desember 2021 melalui edukasi dan pelatihan. Media yang digunakan adalah leaflet. Kegiatan ini dievaluasi dengan cara melakukan pengamatan langsung selama pelaksanaan kegiatan berlangsung. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat mulai memahami upaya pencegahan stunting dan mulai terampil dalam mengolah sayuran menjadi cemilan lumpia yang lebih menarik untuk dikonsumsi oleh balita sebagai alternatif camilan sehat pencegah stunting.
Kata Kunci: Cemilan Lumpia, Stunting, Pendamping Makanan
Embryonic and Larval Development Stages of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Teleostei, Clariidae) in The Ouargla, Algeria
Authors: BEHMENE Ibrahim elkhalil , Bachir Bouiadjra Benabdallah , Attou Miloud , Homrani Abdelkader 
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to investigate for the first time in the region of Ouargla, Algeria, the events and timing of the embryonic development of African catfish, C. gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). The embryonic development was carefully monitored using a binocular magnifier 10 and 20 lenses that reveal details on live specimens from fertilization to the first take of food. The offensive and foul odor continues to be the characteristic smell of the hatching stage. Pigmentation and continuous spread of cephalo-caudal melanophore in fry hatched on the first day. The barely hatched larvae are photo-phobic. The yellow reserve is reduced and leads to the ability to swim easily, and the majority starts feeding on the fourth day. The vitellin reserve is significantly reduced, allowing the larvae to feed exogenously. The events observed in our opinion demonstrate the presence of two exceptionally critical parameters: the use of a high-quality diet and the guarantee of a clean and quality source of water, meeting the standards of aquaculture farming.
Solid Fermentation of Pelletized Fish Feeds Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal to Enhance Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Hariyono Cita Mahardika , Sriherwanto Catur , Harijono Harijono 
Published: September 2022

Unsustainable use of fish meal as protein and lipid ingredients in aquafeed has driven the search for alternative. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae have been widely studied for the substitution purpose. This study aims at investigating the effect of solid fermentation of pelleted diets containing BSF larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance of catfish Clarias sp. Four feed pellets were formulated: F1 (non-fermented, 60% BSFLM), F2 (fermented, 60% BSFLM), F3 (non-fermented, 50% BSFLM), and F4 (fermented, 50% BSFLM). These formulated diets and commercial feed pellets (positive control) were separately fed to the catfishes in 5 aquaria (10 fishes per aquaria in triplicate). Results showed that the fermentation increased the protein level by 10–11%, but kept the crude lipid concentrations unchanged. Specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) profiles for fermented feeds F2 and F4 were higher than the non-fermented feeds F1 and F3, respectively. F4 gave the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.78, which was 15–25% more efficient than F1, F2, and F3. Compared to the commercial feed, the 4 formulated feeds underperformed by around 50% in all of the growth parameters except survival rates (SR) which were not significantly different (93–100%).
AOA Critical Issues Symposium: I Have an Idea…Now What?
Authors: Suk Michael , Friedman Lisa G.M. , Antoniou John , Cochrane Sandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The purpose of this symposium was to provide guidance to innovators as they progress from the idea stage to the product development stage,to the issuing of a patent, and to bringing a product or innovation to market. Finding strategic partnerships is a critical component in taking a good idea and turning it into a successful business. Protecting intellectual property through patents and developing an exit strategy are also important parts of making innovation profitable. We strive to empower our colleagues who are pursuing and commercializing ideas to help impact the health-care system at large.
Quantitative analysis of crevasse-splay systems from modern fluvial settings
Authors: Rahman M. Mostafizur , Howell John A. , MacDonald David I.M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAlthough crevasse splays are a common constituent of many fluvial and fluvio-deltaic systems, they remain less well understood than the channel deposits in those settings, especially with respect to controls on their occurrence, distribution, and geometry. The current study aims to redress this balance and investigate controls on 1) splay formation and occurrence and 2) splay size and geometry. The study has used Google Earth-based satellite imagery to examine crevasse-splay deposits from eight modern fluvial systems. A total of 1556 crevasse splays were identified using imagery from 1984 to 2020. Most of the splays (c. 70%) occur on the outer sinuous river bank with offtake angles ranging from 10° to 140° (mean 75°) to the channel flow direction. Three different types of splays have been identified: i) single crevasse splays, ii) laterally amalgamated crevasse splays, and iii) crevasse-splay complexes. The areal extent of splay bodies varies widely and ranges from less than 1 km2 up to 221 km2. The single crevasse splays are the primary and smallest form of splay, with an average area of 0.61 km2. Compensational stacking or progradation significantly increase the splay area and form laterally amalgamated splays and splay complexes, respectively. The average areal extent of laterally amalgamated splays is 1.33 km2, and of splay complexes, 39 km2.The climate, discharge, floodplain morphology, vegetation, trunk channel slope, sinuosity, and sediment load primarily control the occurrence, geometry, and dimensions of crevasse splays. Results demonstrate that sparse or no floodplain vegetation favors the formation of elongated tongue-shaped crevasse splays while densely vegetated floodplains produce more lobate splays. The highest splay frequency occurs in systems where the river experiences sudden high magnitude variation in discharge, has a low cross-sectional area, and noncohesive bank materials. Larger splay size is correlated with lower river slope angles and higher sinuosity, discharge, and floodplain relief. Channel size has little influence on the extent of splays. This work suggests that autogenic factors such as trunk-channel slope and sinuosity are more influential in arid–semiarid settings while allogenic factors such as discharge are important in temperate–equatorial settings.
Late Quaternary Fault Activity of the Southern Segment of the Daliangshan Fault along the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Implications for Fault Rupture Behaviour at Stepovers
Authors: Wang Hu , Li Dongming , Li Kaijin , Deng Lin , Luo Peisheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stepovers have been widely suggested to be important structural boundaries that control earthquake rupture extent and therefore the size of earthquakes. Previous studies suggested that ~4-5 km wide stepovers are likely to arrest fault rupture. However, recent earthquake cases show that even much wider stepovers (e.g., ≥7-8 km wide) sometimes may not effectively impede seismic rupture propagation, which requires us to further explore cascading rupture mechanism of large earthquakes at wider stepovers. Here, we constrained slip rates and paleoseismic earthquakes of two fault sections that bound a constraining stepover with width of approximately 7-8 km along the southern segment of the Daliangshan fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Multiple landform offset and radiocarbon dating results constrained that the two fault sections show a moderate slip rate at approximately 5 mm/yr. Moreover, three or four paleoseismic events Z through W, in 1489 AD, 620-515 BC, 4475-3700 BC, and 6265-4510 BC, were revealed on the Jiaojihe fault section. Based on the aforementioned results, we suggest that the most recent seismic event might exhibit a jump over the restraining stepover, whereas ruptures of the older events might be arrested by the stepover. Furthermore, we suggest that moderate slip-rate faults might have similar potential with that of high slip-rate faults to rupture through wider stepovers, which increases us in understanding the generation of cascading ruptures on strike-slip faults and is helpful for evaluating seismic hazards.
Shale Wettability: Untangling the Elusive Property with an Integrated Imbibition and Imaging Technique and a New Hypothetical Theory
Authors: Peng Sheng , Shevchenko Pavel , Ko Lucy T. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe importance of wettability in reservoir evaluation and dynamics in shale is gaining increasing attention. Wettability is also a key consideration in the strategy development of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in unconventional reservoirs. However, the determination of shale wettability is often elusive, and an understanding still remains incomplete. Several commonly applied assumptions and methods for evaluating shale wettability are considered inaccurate or problematic. In this work, important clarifications about shale wettability and the methods of measurement or evaluation are made. Wettability is studied for six shale samples from Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp Shale formations with increasing thermal maturity using an integrated imbibition and imaging method. Wettability was evaluated based on the results of water-oil displacement via spontaneous imbibition and the dominant pore type in the sample. Wettability of the samples is ranged from strong water-wet (SW) to oil-wet and has a general trend of becoming less water-wet (or more oil-wet) with increasing thermal maturity (Ro value from ~0.45 to 1.4%). A new hypothesis on shale wettability transformation from the original water-wet status is proposed based on the results. This new hypothesis emphasizes the evaluation of shale wettability under a dynamic context of oil-water displacement and oil aging history, and shale wettability is a result of oil-water-rock interaction through the geological time frame. Enhanced oil mobility caused by increasing thermal maturity is the main drive of oil imbibition, whereas pore type and pore size also play an important role in oil-water displacement and consequently wettability transformation. The ease of wettability transformation of the pore system in shale is in the order of calcite &gt; quartz, dolomite &gt;&gt; clay. Pores with mixed boundaries of different minerals fall in between. Other geological factors [e.g., total organic carbon (TOC) and pore pressure] also affect oil imbibition and thus wettability. Important implications of shale wettability on water and oil saturation and on improved oil recovery are also discussed.
Spatial Distribution of Foods Rich in Vitamin A Intake Status and Associated Factors among Children aged 6–23 Months in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis of 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey.
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Chereka Alex Ayenew , Kassie Sisay Yitayh , Donacho Dereje Oljira , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn , Tegegne Masresha Derese , Melaku Mequanent Sharew , Wubante Sisay Maru , Kenate Mekonnen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Inadequate micronutrients in the diet, and vitamin A deficiency, are worldwide public health problems. In developing regions, many preschool children are undernourished, become blind every year, and died before the age of 23 months. This study was aimed to explore the spatial distribution of foods rich in vitamin A intake status among children aged 6-23 months and identify associated factors in Ethiopia.Methods: Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total 1407 children aged 6-23 months was used. Data management and processing were done using STATA version 15 software and Microsoft Office Excel. ArcMap version 10.7 software was used for mapping, spatial visualization. Spatial scan statistics was performed using SaTScan version 9.5 software. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors.Results: Overall, 38.99% (95% CI: 36.46–41.62) of children aged 6– 23 months had foods rich in vitamin A intake in Ethiopia. The spatial distribution of intake of foods rich in vitamin A was non-random and its hot spots were observed in Oromia and South Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regions. Whereas, cold spots were observed in the Harari and Dire Dawa. A total of 85 significant (84 primary, 1 secondary) clusters were identified. Children aged 6–23 months who lived in the primary cluster were 70% (RR = 1.70, LLR = 32.38, P-value < 0.001) more likely to intake foods rich in vitamin A. Primary (AOR:1.42, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.93) and higher (AOR:3.0, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.65) educational status of mother, Afar (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.36), Amhara (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.71), Somali (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.08), Dire Dawa (AOR:0.49, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12), children aged 13 to 23 months (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.36), Media exposure (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92) were significant factors for intake of foods rich in vitamin A. Conclusions: Intake of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6-23 months is inadequate. Mother’s educational status, Region, Child age, and Media exposure are significant factors. Providing formal education, nutritional counseling to mothers, and creating awareness of mothers is important to further improvement of intake of foods rich in vitamin A among children. Agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are also use locally available natural resource for productions of vitamin A rich food items and stakeholders better to give priority for the hot spots areas.
MDEB, a new fluorescent label for carbohydrate nanomaterial in vivo studies
Authors: Woodcock Jeremiah , Fox Douglas M. , Patel Illabahen , Dunkers Joy , Stranick Stephan J. , Gilman Jeffrey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Typical studies of gastral toxicity of nanoparticles are conducted using radio labeling. This tends to be quite expensive and difficult owing to the required protocols for working with these materials and the expense of both the chemical reagents and dedicated instrumentation. A possible alternative is fluorescence labeling. Fluorescence is just as sensitive as scintillation, given that scintillation is itself a fluorescence measurement and subject to the same limitations. However, most fluorophores are sensitive to changes in pH and hydrolysis reactions present in most mammalian digestive tracts. Here we report the synthesis of a new pH insensitive and hydrolitically stable fluorophore, 10-(4-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl)-2,8-diethyl-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1, 3, 2]diazaborinine (mDTEB). This fluorophore is based on the high quantum yield Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorescent center and is equipped with a reactive handle for convenient attachment to polysaccharides. We validate its effectiveness by labelling cellulose nano fibers (CNFs), where the importance of removing reactive lignin to prevent quenching enables preparation of homogeneously labelled bright mDTEB-CNFs for toxicity studies.
Community participatory learning and action cycle groups to reduce type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh (DClare): an updated study protocol for a parallel arm cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: King Carina , Pires Malini , Ahmed Naveed , Akter Kohenour , Kuddus Abdul , Copas Andrew , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Morrison Joanna , Nahar Tasmin , Shaha Sanjit Kumer , Khan A K Azad , Azad Kishwar , Fottrell Edward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The “Diabetes: Community-led Awareness, Response and Evaluation” (D:Clare) trial aims to scale-up and replicate an evidence-based participatory learning and action cycle intervention in Bangladesh, to inform policy on population-level T2DM prevention and control. The trial was originally designed as a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial, from March 2020 – September 2022. Twelve clusters were randomly allocated (1:1) to implement the intervention at project months 1 or 12 in two steps, and evaluated through three cross-sectional surveys at months 1, 12 and 24. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic we suspended project activities on the 20th March 2020. As a result of the changed risk landscape and the delays introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, we changed from the stepped-wedge design to a wait-list parallel arm cluster RCT (cRCT) with baseline data. We had four key reasons for eventually agreeing to change designs: equipoise, temporal bias in exposure and outcomes, loss of power and time and funding considerations. Trial registration: ISRCTN42219712 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN42219712). Registration date: 31/10/2019.
A multicenter evaluation of antibacterial use in hospitalized patients through the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic waves
Authors: Puzniak Laura A. , Bauer Karri A. , Yu Kalvin C. , Watts Janet A. , Ai ChinEn , Gupta Vikas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Excessive use of antibiotics has been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We evaluated trends in antibiotic use and culture positive Gram-negative (GN)/Gram-positive (GP) pathogens in US hospitalized patients before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included patients from 271 US facilities with >1-day inpatient admission with discharge or death between July 1, 2019, and October 30, 2021, in the BD Insights Research Database. We evaluated microbiological testing data, antibacterial use, defined as antibacterial use ≥24 hours in admitted patients, and duration of antibacterial therapy.Results: Of 5,518,744 patients included in the analysis, 3,729,295 (67.6%) patients were hospitalized during the pandemic with 2,087,774 (56.0%) tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 189,115 (9.1%) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. During the pre-pandemic period, 36.2% were prescribed antibacterial therapy and 9.3% tested positive for select GN/GP pathogens. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, antibacterial therapy (57.8%) and positive GN/GP culture (11.9%) were highest in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients followed by SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (antibacterial therapy, 40.1%; GN/GP, pathogens 11.0%), and SARS-CoV-2 not tested (antibacterial therapy 30.4%; GN/GP pathogens 7.2%). Multivariate results showed significant decreases in antibacterial therapy and positive GN/GP cultures for both SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative patients during the pandemic, but no significant overall changes from the pre-pandemic period to the pandemic period.Conclusions: There was a decline in both antibacterial use and positive GN/GP pathogens in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, overall antibiotic use was similar prior to and during the pandemic. These data may inform future efforts to optimize antimicrobial stewardship and prescribing.
Measuring frailty and its association with key outcomes in the ambulance setting: a cross sectional observational study
Authors: Charlton Karl , Sinclair David R , Hanratty Barbara , Burrow Emma , Stow Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Little is known about frailty in the ambulance setting, or its association with outcomes relevant to ambulance services. We sought to measure frailty in people aged≥50 attended by an ambulance, and describe the relationship between frailty, odds of conveyance to hospital, and duration at scene.Methods:Anobservational study between 01/01/2021-30/06/2021 in North East Ambulance Service, England. Participants were aged ≥50 attended by an ambulance, excluding patients requiring immediate treatment for a life-threatening condition or with Glasgow Coma Scale <15. Paramedics (n=112) measured patient frailty using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Additional information was extracted from ambulance care records. Weighted regression models examined associations between frailty, hospital conveyance, and duration at scene.Results:3,056 callouts were observed (mean patient age: 78.1 years, 57.2% female). Frailty prevalence (CFS≥5) was 58.7%. Median duration at scene was 47.0 minutes (interquartile range 34.0-67.0 minutes). Ambulances spent a median of 8.2 (95%CI:5.4–11.0) minutes longer with frail patients than non-frail patients. Frail patients were less likely to be conveyed to hospital than non-frail patients (OR:0.75, 95%CI:0.60–0.94).Conclusion:Frailty is common among people aged ≥50 attended by an ambulance and an important influence on workload. Ambulance services need a good understanding of frailty to meet patient needs. As populations age, community support should be prioritised to deliver appropriate frailty care and reduce demands on ambulance services.