bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue‐Scale Biomechanical Testing of Brain Tissue for the Calibration of Nonlinear Material Models
Authors: Faber Jessica , Hinrichsen Jan , Greiner Alexander , Reiter Nina , Budday Silvia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrain tissue is one of the most complex and softest tissues in the human body. Due to its ultrasoft and biphasic nature, it is difficult to control the deformation state during biomechanical testing and to quantify the highly nonlinear, time‐dependent tissue response. In numerous experimental studies that have investigated the mechanical properties of brain tissue over the last decades, stiffness values have varied significantly. One reason for the observed discrepancies is the lack of standardized testing protocols and corresponding data analyses. The tissue properties have been tested on different length and time scales depending on the testing technique, and the corresponding data have been analyzed based on simplifying assumptions. In this review, we highlight the advantage of using nonlinear continuum mechanics based modeling and finite element simulations to carefully design experimental setups and protocols as well as to comprehensively analyze the corresponding experimental data. We review testing techniques and protocols that have been used to calibrate material model parameters and discuss artifacts that might falsify the measured properties. The aim of this work is to provide standardized procedures to reliably quantify the mechanical properties of brain tissue and to more accurately calibrate appropriate constitutive models for computational simulations of brain development, injury and disease. Computational models can not only be used to predictively understand brain tissue behavior, but can also serve as valuable tools to assist diagnosis and treatment of diseases or to plan neurosurgical procedures. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 16 April 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Generation of Artificial Thymic Organoids from Human and Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Montel‐Hagen Amélie , Tsai Steven , Seet Christopher S. , Crooks Gay M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe generation of T cells is a complex, carefully orchestrated process that occurs in the thymus. The ability to mimic T cell differentiation in vitro has opened up avenues to better understand different stages of thymopoiesis but has also enabled the in vitro production of mature T cells suitable for immunotherapy. Among existing protocols, the artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system has been shown to be the most efficient at producing mature conventional T cells. In this serum‐free model, human or murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are combined with a murine stromal cell line expressing a Notch ligand in a 3D cell aggregate. In ATOs, although only simple medium changes are required throughout the cultures, HSPCs differentiate into T cells with kinetics and phenotypes similar to those of endogenous thymopoiesis. This article describes protocols for the generation of ATOs from human and murine HSPCs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expansion and preparation of MS5‐hDLL4 or MS5‐mDLL4 cellsBasic Protocol 2: Isolation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs; CD34+ cells)Support Protocol 1: Transduction of human HSPCs (CD34+ cells)Basic Protocol 3: Production of thymic progenitors and mature T cells from human HSPCs in artificial thymic organoids (ATOs)Support Protocol 2: Phenotype analysis of human ATO cells by flow cytometryBasic Protocol 4: Isolation of murine HSPCs (Lin‐ Sca1+ cKit+; LSK) and hematopoietic stem cells (LSK CD150+ CD48‐)Basic Protocol 5: Production of thymic progenitors and mature T cells from murine HSPCs in ATOsSupport Protocol 3: Phenotype analysis of murine ATO cells by flow cytometryAlternate Protocol: Generation of ATOs from single HSPCs
Managerial cognition and environmental behavioral intentions: A behavioral reasoning theory perspective
Authors: Bhatt Yogesh , Ghuman Karminder 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe literature points toward a limited understanding regarding the relationship between managers' cognition and their environmental behavioral intentions. Using behavioral reasoning theory, this study examines the relationships between managers' cognition and their behavioral intentions toward environmental initiatives. Data was collected from 256 managers working in manufacturing firms in India and modeled by structural equation modeling. The modeling of data suggests that managers' reasoning for and against energy‐saving initiatives is positively associated with their self‐enhancement values (SEV) and negatively with their self‐transcendence values (STV). Managers' reasoning regarding the energy‐saving initiatives fully and positively mediates the manifestation of SEV into their positive attitude toward energy saving. The same reasoning fully and negatively mediates the relationship between STV and the attitude toward energy‐saving initiatives. Industry experience of the managers also strengthens the relationship between their values and their “reasoning for” energy‐saving initiatives. The study also offers directions for future research and consequent implications.
Toward an efficient and coordinated control of full‐duplex radio communications in high‐efficiency wireless local area networks
Authors: Hocini Kenza , Yazid Mohand , Ksentini Adlen 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe full‐duplex radio transmission technique is a prominent feature in the physical layer of the new IEEE 802.11ax standard for promoting the use of WiFi 6, also called HEW (High‐Efficiency Wireless local area network). Based on this unprecedented technique, a WiFi transmitter has the ability to transmit and receive data simultaneously using the same radio channel, thereby doubling the network capacity and spectral efficiency. However, many challenges related to the MAC (medium access control) layer (including full‐duplex configurations, hidden relationship, unbalance between data streams, and overhead) should be addressed to fully benefit from this technique. The aim of this paper is to design, implement, and assess a new Full‐Duplex MAC protocol by meeting the inherent challenges in controlling full‐duplex radio communications. Accordingly, an efficient and coordinated control protocol is proposed, whose basic principle is to exchange all relevant control information and transmit data without loss or unnecessary delay. The performance evaluation of the proposed protocol demonstrates that the results obtained are the best, especially when the network is dense or the traffic from the access point is heavy.
Conceptualizing the evolutionary quantitative genetics of phenological life-history events: Breeding time as a plastic threshold trait
Authors: Reid Jane M. , Acker Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuccessfully predicting adaptive phenotypic responses to environmental changes, and predicting resulting population outcomes, requires that additive genetic (co)variances underlying microevolutionary and plastic responses of key traits are adequately estimated on appropriate quantitative scales. Such estimation in turn requires that focal traits, and their underlying quantitative genetic architectures, are appropriately conceptualized. Here, we highlight that directly analyzing observed phenotypes as continuously distributed quantitative traits can potentially generate biased and misleading estimates of additive genetic variances and individual-by-environment and gene-by-environment interactions, and hence of forms of plasticity and genetic constraints, if in fact the underlying biology is best conceptualized as an environmentally sensitive threshold trait. We illustrate this scenario with particular reference to the key phenological trait of seasonal breeding date, which has become a focus for quantifying joint microevolutionary, plastic, and population responses to environmental change, but has also become a focus for highlighting that predicted adaptive outcomes are not always observed. Specifically, we use simple simulations to illustrate how potentially misleading inferences on magnitudes of additive genetic variance, and forms of environmental interactions, can arise by directly analyzing observed breeding dates if the transition to breeding in fact represents a threshold trait with latent-scale plasticity. We summarize how existing and new datasets could be (re)analyzed, potentially providing new insights into how critical microevolutionary and plastic phenological responses to environmental variation and change can arise and be constrained.
Relationship between controlled attenuated parameter and magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction for evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD
Authors: An Ziming , Liu Qiaohong , Zeng Wenli , Wang Yan , Zhang Qian , Pei Huafu , Xin Xin , Yang Shuohui , Lu Fang , Zhao Yu , Hu Yiyang , Feng Qin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We used cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies to comprehensively compare hepatic steatosis measurements obtained with magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) and controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) in hepatic steatosis in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 185 participants with NAFLD and 12 non‐NAFLD controls were recruited. CAP and MRI‐PDFF data were collected at baseline from all participants and from 95 patients included in the longitudinal study after 24 weeks of drug or placebo intervention. Pearson correlation, linear regression, and piecewise linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the two modalities. Linear analysis suggested a positive correlation between CAP and MRI‐PDFF (r = 0.577, p < 0.0001); however, piecewise linear regression showed no correlation when CAP was ≥331 dB/m (p = 0.535). In the longitudinal study, both the absolute and relative change measurements were correlated between the two modalities; however, the correlation was stronger for the relative change (relative r = 0.598, absolute r = 0.492; p < 0.0001). Piecewise linear regression analysis revealed no correlation when CAP was reduced by more than 53 dB/m (p = 0.193). Conclusions: We found a correlation between CAP and MRI‐PDFF measurements for grading hepatic steatosis when CAP was <331 dB/m. While the measured absolute change and relative change were correlated, it was stronger for the relative change. These findings have implications for the clinical utility of CAP or MRI‐PDFF in the clinical diagnosis and assessment of NAFLD.
Fecal microbiota transplant improves cognition in hepatic encephalopathy and its effect varies by donor and recipient
Authors: Bloom Patricia P. , Donlan John , Torres Soto Mariam , Daidone Michael , Hohmann Elizabeth , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Early data suggest fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) may treat hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Optimal FMT donor and recipient characteristics are unknown. We assessed the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with prior overt HE, comparing five FMT donors. We performed an open‐label study of FMT capsules, administered 5 times over 3 weeks. Primary outcomes were change in psychometric HE score (PHES) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Serial stool samples underwent shallow shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Ten patients completed FMT administration and 6‐month follow‐up. Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score did not change after FMT (14 versus 14, p = 0.51). Thirteen minor adverse events and three serious adverse events (two unrelated to FMT) were reported. One SAE was extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase Escherichia coli bacteremia. The PHES improved after three doses of FMT (+2.1, p < 0.05), after five doses of FMT (+2.9, p = 0.007), and 4 weeks after the fifth dose of FMT (+3.1, p = 0.02). Mean change in the PHES ranged from −1 to +6 by donor. Two taxa were identified by random forest analysis and confirmed by linear regression to predict the PHES— Bifidobacterium adolescentis (adjusted R
2 = 0.27) and B. angulatum (adjusted R
2 = 0.25)—both short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers. Patients who responded to FMT had higher levels of Bifidobacterium as well as other known beneficial taxa at baseline and throughout the study. The FMT donor with poorest cognitive outcomes in recipients had the lowest fecal SCFA levels. Conclusion: FMT capsules improved cognition in HE, with an effect varying by donor and recipient factors (NCT03420482).
More than a feeling: Constructing emotion in theory and practice
Authors: Givens Joel , Wilkinson Brett D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile counselors are both familiar with and proficient in the use of reflecting skills to identify and articulate client feelings, recent empirical research supports the perspective that emotions are co‐constructed, sociocultural categories rather than triggered, universal internal states. Drawing upon Barrett's (2017) theory of constructed emotion, the authors discuss epistemological considerations, the relationship between emotions and core affect, and the relevance of interoceptive processes in the context of predictive mind. Therapeutic methods to co‐construct feeling experiences and implications for counseling practice and research are discussed.
Decoding the reaction mechanism of the cyclocondensation of ethyl acetate2‐oxo‐2‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrido [1.2‐a] pyrimidin‐3‐yl) polyazaheterocycle and ethylenediamine using bond evolution theory
Authors: Maraf Mbah Bake , Idrice Adjieufack Abel , Mekoung Pélagie Manwal A. , Zintchem Auguste Abouem A. , Bebga Gouet , Rhyman Lydia , Ibrahim Mbouombouo Ndassa , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the flow of electron density along the cyclocondensation reaction between ethyl acetate 2‐oxo‐2‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrido[1.2‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl) polyazaheterocycle (1) and ethylenediamine (2) at the ωB97XD/6–311++G(d,p)computational method within of bond evolution theory (BET). The exploration of potential energy surface shows that this reaction has three channels (1–3) with the formation of product3viachannel‐2(the most favorable one) as the main product and this is in good agreement with experimental observations. The BET analysis allows identifying unambiguously the main chemical events happening along channel‐2. The mechanism along first step (TS2‐a) is described by a series of four structural stability domains (SSDs), while five SSDs for the last two steps (TS2‐b and TS2‐c). The first and third steps can be summarized as follows, the formation of N1‐C6 bond (SSD‐II), then, the restoration of the nitrogen N1 lone pair (SSD‐III), and finally, the formation of the last O1‐H1 bond (SSD‐IV). For the second step, the formation of hydroxide ion is noted, as a result of the disappearance of V(C6,O7) basin and the transformation of C6‐N1 single bond into double one (SSD‐IV). Finally, the appearance of V(O7,H2) basin lead to the elimination of water molecule within the last domain is observed.
Development of Risk Prediction Model for Grade 2 or Higher Hypocalcemia in Patients With Bone Metastasis Treated With Denosumab Plus Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)/Calcium Supplement
Authors: Ikegami Keisuke , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Kizaki Hayato , Yasumuro Osamu , Funakoshi Ryohkan , Hori Satoko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDenosumab‐induced hypocalcemia is sometimes severe, and although a natural vitamin D/calcium combination is used to prevent hypocalcemia, some patients rapidly develop severe hypocalcemia even under supplementation. It is clinically important to predict this risk. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for grade ≥2 hypocalcemia within 28 days after the first denosumab dose under natural vitamin D/calcium supplementation. Using a large database containing multicenter practice data, 2399 patients with bone metastasis who were treated with denosumab between June 2013 and May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Background factors in patients who developed grade ≥2 hypocalcemia within 28 days after the first denosumab dose and those who did not were compared by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted to develop a risk prediction model. The model was evaluated for discriminant performance (receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity) and predictive performance (calibration slope). A total of 124 patients in the hypocalcemia group and 1191 patients in the nonhypocalcemia group were extracted. A risk prediction model consisting of sex, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, osteoporosis, breast cancer, gastric cancer, proton pump inhibitor combination, and pretreatment with zoledronic acid was developed. The receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve was 0.87. Sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 81%, respectively, and the calibration slope indicated acceptable agreement between observed and predicted risk. This model appears to be useful to predict the risk of denosumab‐induced hypocalcemia and thus should be helpful for risk management of denosumab treatment in patients with bone metastases.
Essential role of membrane vesicles for biological activity of the bacteriocin micrococcin P1
Authors: Liu Yao , Liu Qian , Zhao Lu , Dickey Seth W. , Wang Hua , Xu Rui , Chen Tianchi , Jian Ying , Wang Xi , Lv Huiying , Otto Michael , Li Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have recently gained much attention and have been shown to carry a wide diversity of secreted bacterial components. However, it is poorly understood whether MV carriage is an indispensable requirement for a cargo's function. Bacteriocins as weapons of bacterial warfare shape the composition of microbial communities. Many bacteriocins have pronounced hydrophobicity that is imposed by their mechanism of action, but how they diffuse through aqueous environments to reach their target competitors is not known. Here we show that antimicrobial competitive activity of an exemplary hydrophobic bacteriocin of the thiopeptide antibiotic family, micrococcin P1 (MP1), is dependent on incorporation into MVs, which were found to carry MP1 at high concentrations. In contrast, MP1 without MV association was poorly active due to low solubility. Furthermore, we provide previously unavailable evidence that MVs fuse with a Gram‐positive bacterium's cytoplasmic membrane, in this case to deliver a bacteriocin to its intracellular target. Our findings demonstrate how bacteria overcome the problem associated with secreting hydrophobic small molecules and delivering them to their target and show that MVs have a key function in bacterial warfare. Furthermore, our study provides hitherto rare evidence that MVs provide an essential rather than merely accessory function in bacterial physiology.
Kinematic comparisons between mudskipper fins and salamander limbs during terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Quigley Zachary M. G. , Blob Richard W. , Kawano Sandy M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic environments present drastically different challenges, yet amphibious behaviors evolved multiple times in vertebrates. Terrestrial salamanders are often used to model the locomotion of crownward stem tetrapods, but amphibious fishes may model earlier evolutionary stages as vertebrates became terrestrial. For instance, some early tetrapods may have moved on land with a mudskipper‐like gait. Previously published kinetic data found that the ground reaction forces produced by the pectoral fins of mudskippers (Periophthalmus barbarus) were more medial than the limbs of tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), which might elevate bending stresses in the fins. However, kinematic data are needed to explain these kinetic differences. Therefore, we quantified the three‐dimensional kinematics of mudskipper pectoral fins and compared these to published data on tiger salamander limbs. We found that mudskipper pectoral fins generally remained more retracted, extended, and adducted compared to salamander limbs. Kinematic patterns in mudskipper pectoral fins were aligned with published kinetic data and shared a restricted range of motion found in early tetrapods. Our findings demonstrate that mudskipper pectoral fins provide weight support and propulsion but have lower mobility in the proximal versus distal elements, for which greater flexibility in the latter might compensate. Broadly, these data provide new insights into the biomechanics of using fins versus limbs for moving over land and factors that may favor the evolution of different terrestrial gaits.
The question of the question: impactful implementation science to address the HIV epidemic
Authors: Geng Elvin H. , Nash Denis , Phanuphak Nittaya , Green Kimberly , Solomon Sunil , Grimsrud Anna , Sohn Annette H. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Bärnighausen Till , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionQuestions about the implementation of evidence‐based intervention to treat and prevent HIV have risen to the top of the field's scientific priorities. Despite the availability of highly efficacious treatment and prevention interventions, impact has fallen short of targets because these interventions are used with insufficient reach, consistency, sustainability and equity in diverse real‐world settings. At present, substantial excitement for implementation science — defined as research methods and strategies to improve use of evidence‐based interventions — has focused on developing and disseminating methods to conduct rigorous research. Yet, impactful answers depend on a sometimes less visible, but even more important, step: asking good questions about implementation.DiscussionIn this commentary, we offer several considerations for researchers formulating implementation research questions based on several distinctive features of the field. First, as findings are used not only by other researchers but by implementers, scientific questions must incorporate a range of stakeholder and community perspectives to be most relevant. Second, real‐world settings are contextually diverse, and the most relevant scientific questions must position answers to make sense within these contexts (whether geographical, organizational and sociological), rather than apart from them. Third, implementation is complex and dynamic; consequently, research questions must make use of emerging standards in describing implementation strategies and their effects whenever possible. Finally, the field of implementation science continues to evolve, so framing problems with a diverse disciplinary lens will enable researchers to pose insightful and impactful questions.ConclusionsWe are now at a juncture marked by both rich evidence‐based interventions and a persistent global pandemic. To achieve continued scientific progress against the HIV epidemic, asking the right questions might be part of the answer itself.