bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Low Incidence of Viral Hepatitis Reactivation Among Subjects on Immunotherapy Reduces the Impact of Suboptimal Screening Rate
Authors: Aceituno Laia , Bañares Juan , Ruiz-Ortega Lourdes , Callejo-Pérez Ana , Muñoz-Couselo Eva , Ortiz-Velez Carolina , Díaz-Mejía Nely , Barreira-Díaz Ana , Carreras María José , Farriols Anna , Buti María , Riveiro-Barciela Mar 
Published: July 2022

Background and AimsImmunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a pillar of many advanced tumors. However, there is scarce data concerning the rate of viral hepatitis screening in this population or the risk of viral reactivation.MethodsRetrospective–prospective study that includes all patients who began ICIs between January/2019 and December/2020 in a University Hospital. Data on viral hepatitis screening prior to the beginning of ICIs were collected. In subjects lacking information, serological tests were requested prospectively. Among HBsAg, anti-HBc, or anti-HCV positive subjects, reactivation was prospectively assessed.ResultsDuring the 2-year period of study, 595 subjects received ICIs (61.2% male, mean age 63 years). The most prevalent cancers found were 35.5% lung cancer, 12.1% melanoma, and 8.2% head and neck; ICIs schemes were mainly anti-PD1 (65.7%), followed by anti-PD-L1 (19.2%), and combined therapy (13.6%). Prior to immunotherapy, anti-HCV screening was performed in 462 (77.6%) subjects, HBsAg in 462 (77.6%), anti-HBc in 335 (56.3%), and the complete screening in 328 (55.1%). The anti-HBc screening was more frequently ordered among patients treated with concomitant systemic therapy (p = 0.003), especially in the case of chemotherapy (p = 0.015), though HCV screening was more commonly performed in concomitant therapies different from chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Serological tests were completed prospectively in those alive, leading to an overall prevalence for anti-HCV of 3.5%, HBsAg at 1.3%, and anti-HBc of 15.2%. HCV-RNA was detected in 2/19 (both patients with hepatocellular carcinoma), HBV-DNA in 4/7 HBsAg positive, and in 1/75 anti-HBc positive subject. Five out of the 7 HBsAg carriers and 1/75 anti-HBc+ subjects (due to concomitant antiretroviral therapy) received antiviral prophylaxis. Neither cases of HBV reactivation nor changes in HCV viral load were observed.DiscussionHBV and HCV screening prior to immunotherapy is suboptimal. Though the rate of viral hepatitis reactivation seems extremely low, efforts should be made to optimize viral hepatitis screening prior to immunotherapy for the selection of candidates for either antiviral prophylaxis or periodical follow-up.
Limb Ischemia Complications of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Hu Sixiong , Lu Andong , Pan Chenliang , Zhang Bo , Wa Yong ling , Qu Wenjing , Bai Ming 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to summarize and analyse the risk factors, clinical features, as well as prevention and treatment of limb ischemia complications in patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 179 adult patients who had undergone V-A ECMO support in the Cardiac Care Unit of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between March 2019 and December 2021. Patients were divided into the limb ischemia group (LI group) and the non-limb ischemia group (nLI group) according to whether limb ischemia occurred on the ipsilateral side of femoral artery cannulation. In the LI group, patients were salvaged with a distal perfusion cannula (DPC) according to each patient's clinical conditions. The baseline data and ECMO data were compared between the two groups, and risk factors for limb ischemia complications were screened using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 19 patients (10.6%) had limb ischemia complications, of which 5 (2.8%) were improved after medication adjustment, 12 (8.4%) were salvaged with a DPC, and 2 had undergone surgical intervention. There were significant differences in terms of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR), Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), peak vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) within 24 h after ECMO (VIS-max), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), weaning from ECMO, and discharge rate between the two groups. ECPR, IABP, and VIS-max in the LI group were significantly higher than those in the nLI group, whereas weaning from ECMO, discharge rate, and LVEF were significantly lower in the LI group compared to those in the nLI group. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 4.338, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.193–15.772, P = 0.026], IABP (OR = 1.526, 95% CI: 1.038–22.026, P = 0.049) and VIS-max (OR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.024–1.085, P &lt; 0.001) were independent risk factors for limb ischemia complications in patients who underwent V-A ECMO.ConclusionDiabetes, prevalence of IABP and VIS-max value in analyzed groups were independent risk factors for predicting limb ischemia complications in patients who underwent V-A ECMO. The cannulation strategy should be optimized during the establishment of V-A ECMO, and limb ischemia should be systematically evaluated after ECMO establishment. A DPC can be used as a salvage intervention for the complications of critical limb ischemia.
The Long-Term Effect of Blue-Light Blocking Spectacle Lenses on Adults’ Contrast Perception
Authors: Lian Yan , Lu Weiwei , Huang Haixiao , Wu Ge , Xu Aiqin , Jin Wanqing 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the long-term effect of two different degrees of blue-light blocking (BB) spectacle lenses on adults’ contrast perception under various lighting conditions.MethodsIn total, 144 healthy adults aged 24.70 (±4.32 years) were recruited to this randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly divided into three groups and used three different spectacle lenses (15% BB: 15% blue-blocking spectacle lenses; 30% BB: 30% blue-blocking spectacle lenses; RC: regular clear lenses serving as control). Contrast sensitivity under four light conditions (scotopic and photopic, both with/without glare) was measured using standard clinical tests at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of use. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was also computed as an index for their overall contrast sensitivity across spatial frequencies.ResultsThere was no significant difference in AULCSFs among the three types of spectacle lenses under any light condition (all P &gt; 0.81). No statistical difference was found in the AULSCF among the four time points (all P &gt; 0.39), with no interaction between the effects of group and time (all P &gt; 0.42).ConclusionWearing blue-light blocking lens had no clinically significant effect on adults’ long-term contrast perception under scotopic or photopic conditions, or with glare.
Risk of pediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome (PIMS or MIS-C) in pediatric patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Jaramillo-Esparza Carlos Mauricio , Vázquez-Frias Rodrigo 
Published: July 2022

Introduction and objectivesPediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a life-threatening complication in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. An increase in the association of gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of PIMS has been observed. The objective of this study was to analyze whether pediatric patients with COVID-19, who debut with gastrointestinal symptoms, have a higher risk of developing PIMS.Material and methodsAn observational, analytical and retrolective study was carried out with a review of the records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded.ResultsA total of 248 patients who met the selection criteria were included. Of Those 40% were female, with a mean age of 7 +/- 5.8 years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the initial presentation in 103 patients, with vomiting being the most frequent symptom, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea. In total 52 patients developed PIMS, 30 of whom presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. A RR of 1.57 (97% CI of 1.17–2.11) was found for the presentation of PIMS in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who present with gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of developing pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome when there are gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients with COVID-19.
Aberrant Expression of ACO1 in Vasculatures Parallels Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Fukumoto Jutaro , Lin Muling , Banday Mudassir Meraj , Patil Sahebgowda Sidramagowda , Krishnamurthy Sudarshan , Breitzig Mason , Soundararajan Ramani , Galam Lakshmi , Narala Venkata Ramireddy , Johns Colleen , Patel Kapilkumar , Dunning John , Lockey Richard F. , Sharma Nirmal S. , Kolliputi Narasaiah 
Published: July 2022

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, details about the non-mitochondrial enzymes that sustain the proliferative nature of IPF are unclear. Aconitases are a family of enzymes that sustain metabolism inside and outside mitochondria. It is hypothesized that aconitase 1 (ACO1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF given that ACO1 represents an important metabolic hub in the cytoplasm.Objectives: To determine if ACO1 expression in IPF lungs shows specific patterns that may be important in the pathogenesis of IPF. To determine the similarities and differences in ACO1 expression in IPF, bleomycin-treated, and aging lungs.Methods: ACO1 expression in IPF lungs were characterized and compared to non-IPF controls by western blotting, immunostaining, and enzymatic activity assay. ACO1-expressing cell types were identified by multicolor immunostaining. Using similar methods, the expression profiles of ACO1 in IPF lungs versus bleomycin-treated and aged mice were investigated.Measurements and main results: Lower lobes of IPF lungs, unlike non-IPF controls, exhibit significantly high levels of ACO1. Most of the signals colocalize with von Willebrand factor (vWF), a lineage marker for vascular endothelial cells. Bleomycin-treated lungs also show high ACO1 expressions. However, most of the signals colocalize with E-cadherin and/or prosurfactant protein C, representative epithelial cell markers, in remodeled areas.Conclusions: A characteristic ACO1 expression profile observed in IPF vasculatures may be a promising diagnostic target. It also may give clues as to how de novo angiogenesis contributes to the irreversible nature of IPF.
Enhanced Performance of the 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz OFDM-Based RoFSO Transmission Link Incorporating WDM-MDM of Hermite Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian Modes
Authors: Singh Karamjeet , Singh Mehtab , Grover Amit , Miglani Rajan , Singh Harjeevan , Amhoud El Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

A 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based radio-on-free-space optics information link, integrating hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexed transmission techniques, is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, an ameliorated detection scheme deploying a square root module after each photo diode at the receiver terminal is proposed to mitigate the adverse performance effects because of nonlinear photodiode characteristics. The presented results show a successful 80 Gbit/s-160 GHz transmission at 3000 and 2700 m under heavy rainy and foggy weather, respectively. The link demonstrates superior performance in terms of maximum range and transmission rate compared to previous works.
Pooled Analysis of Central Venous Pressure and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With Extubation Failure
Authors: Cao Jianghong , Wang Beibei , Zhu Lili , Song Lu 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Cardiac insufficiency has been considered to be a common cause of extubation failure. Some studies have shown that central venous pressure (CVP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are able to predict extubation outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a pooled analysis to evaluate the potential of CVP and BNP levels as predictors of extubation outcomes, using a cohort of critically ill patients who were on mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods: We searched three online electronic databases up to October 2021. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. For each study, the analysis was performed using standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: The pooled analysis of seven studies on CVP levels and extubation outcomes showed that elevated CVP levels were significantly associated with extubation failure (SMD:0.47, 95% CI: 0. 43–0.51, p &lt; 0.00001). This association also appeared before extubation (SMD:0.47, 95% CI: 0. 43–0.51, p &lt; 0.00001), but it did not appear after extubation (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: −0.05–1.31, p=0.07). Similarly, pooled analysis of eight studies on BNP levels and extubation outcomes showed that increased BNP levels are closely related to extubation failure (SMD:0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.86, p &lt; 0.00001). This relationship also occurs before (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79, p &lt; 0.00001) and after (SMD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.59–1.23, p &lt; 0.00001) extubation.Conclusions: This study showed that elevated CVP and BNP levels are associated with extubation failure in critically ill patients. However, BNP levels are more valuable than CVP levels in predicting extubation outcomes.
Levels and Determinants of Prenatal Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention Among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Chekol Abebe Endeshaw , Ayalew Tiruneh Gebrehiwot , Asmare Adela Getachew , Mengie Ayele Teklie , Tilahun Muche Zelalem , Behaile T/Mariam Awgichew , Tilahun Mulu Anemut , Asmamaw Dejenie Tadesse 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPregnant women are a critical part of the community to assess various determinants of their future breastfeeding practice. This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and intention among pregnant women.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women from January 18 to February 27, 2022, at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DTCSH) in Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews from participants selected by convenience sampling technique. Data analysis was made using Stata version 16.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the determinants of the knowledge, attitude, and intention of pregnant women, with a p-value &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultAbout 57.8% of participants had adequate breastfeeding knowledge and only 46.9% had a positive attitude. Almost two-thirds (65.4%) of them had good intentions to breastfeed. Pregnant women attaining secondary education (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.19), achieving college or university education (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.63, 7.41), being multiparous (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.43), having four or more ANC visits (AOR:1.45; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.31), and having prior breastfeeding experience (AOR: 3.53; 95% CI: 2.22, 5.65) were significant predictors of adequate knowledge. Attending college or university education (AOR = 2.71;95% CI: 2.33, 5.13), being multiparous (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.32, 8.25), and having adequate knowledge (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.88,7.14) were determinants of a positive breastfeeding attitude. Whereas, advanced age (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.59), adequate knowledge (AOR: 5.21; 95% CI: 1.51,8.04), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.41;95% CI:1.50, 4.27) were independent predictors of good breastfeeding intention.ConclusionThe breastfeeding knowledge and attitude of pregnant women were generally suboptimal. Their overall breastfeeding intention was also unsatisfactory. This highlights the need to develop culture-specific interventions aimed at improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and intention to enhance the appropriate breastfeeding practice of their future children.
Valorization Strategies for a By-Product of Organic Tomato Processing as Potential Ingredient in Functional Food Formulations
Authors: López Bermúdez Yhonattan Nicolás , Aldana Heredia Juan Felipe , Sánchez-Camargo Andrea del Pilar , Hernández-Carrión María 
Published: July 2022

Production of tomato-based products generates 5% of waste, composed mainly of peel. This has a significant amount of carotenoids, such as lycopene, and an appropriate amount of total dietary fiber (TDF). Both carotenes and dietary fiber are known to have functional effects on the human body. Therefore, the aim of this research was mainly divided into two parts. First, organic tomato peel obtained by a local processing industry was characterized in terms of percentage of macronutrients such as dietary fiber, protein, and ash, as well as total carotenoid content. Second, two valorization alternatives of these compounds as potential functional additives in food processing were proposed. The first one included carotenoid extraction using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), the encapsulation of the enriched carotenoid extract using spray-drying technology, and its subsequent analysis of powder properties. The second one evaluated the potential use of TDF tomato peel as a replacement for fat and flour in four formulations of cookies. Each formulation was assessed using physicochemical, texture, sensory, and theoretical proximal analyses. The results revealed that UAE optimization was performed using a solvent ratio of 80:20 ethyl acetate:ethanol and 2.5% w/v of solvent:biomass ratio. The recovery percentage of total carotenoid content was 89.08%. The TDF content was 49.46 (3.91) g/100 g on a dry basis. For encapsulation, the drying yield and encapsulation efficiencies were 67.3% (0.5) and 58.1% (0.8), respectively. Sensory analysis showed no significant difference between the means for the control cookie and the 30% fat replacement cookie. Moreover, these 30% fat replacement cookies had the highest purchase intention by the consumers. This study presented a solution for unused tomato peel industrial byproducts, promoting the design of new functional food products with a high content of carotenes and dietary fiber, thereby increasing nutritional and health benefits for consumers.
Grotifer: A new electric field instrument design to address the need for highly accurate three-component electric field measurements
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Auslander David M. , Bonnell John W. , Klumpar David M. , Mozer Forrest S. , Pankow David H. , Sample John G. 
Published: July 2022

Accurate knowledge of the full, three-dimensional electric field vector is of fundamental importance in understanding electrodynamics of a vast variety of space plasmas. However, heliophysics research still lacks access to the reliable parallel electric field measurements required to close many significant science questions. This uncertainty represents a significant barrier to progress in the field. The only way to close this major observational gap is a profound change in electric field instrument design. A new electric field instrument called Grotifer is now being designed to address the need for highly accurate three-dimensional electric field measurements while enabling lower cost missions and constellation missions in deep space. Grotifer (Giant rotifer) is a reference to the rotifer, also known as the “wheel animalcule.” Similarly, Grotifer consists of mounting detectors on two rotating plates, orthogonal to each other, on a non-rotating central body. The two rotating plates provide continuous high-accuracy three-dimensional measurements of both electric fields and magnetic fields. The Grotifer design leverages more than 50 years of expertise in delivering highly accurate spin plane electric field measurements, while overcoming inaccuracies generated by spin axis electric field measurements. Our current efforts focus on designing Grotifer as a SmallSat (27U CubeSat). That said, Grotifer could also become part of the payload on a much larger platform. In the future, one could imagine fleets of Grotifers studying electrodynamics at many points, facilitating differentiation between spatial and temporal dynamics. Plasma detectors could also be added to the rotating plates to cover the full phase space better than is done on spinning spacecraft, leading to more complete correlation studies of the fields and plasmas.
Food Choices and Hypertension Among Rural Thais: Evidence From a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Nguyen Helen , Morales Celina , Jaynes Jessica , Wood Michele M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The rural northern region of Thailand exhibits the highest rate of hypertension. This study explored hypertensive-related food choices between normotensive and hypertensive people residing in rural northern Thailand to determine which food attributes influence their choices.Methods: The study conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey among Thai adults residing in rural northern Thailand (n = 403) to estimate the relative importance of four food attributes, including food preparation, price, taste, and amount of salt. A mixed logit model was used to analyze the data from the DCE.Results: The first and second most important attributes in both hypertensive and normotensive groups were the amount of salt and food preparation at home, respectively, followed by price and taste. Specifically, the normotensive group was more attentive to the amount of salt in their food than their hypertensive counterparts.Conclusion: Intervention programs in rural communities may benefit from focusing their attention on embracing low-salt cultural foods and providing guidance on how to add flavor without additional salt or reduce high sodium seasonings without losing flavor when cooking.
Camellia sinensis Chloroplast Fluoride Efflux Gene CsABCB9 Is Involved in the Fluoride Tolerance Mechanism
Authors: Luo Bingbing , Guang Min , Yun Wenjing , Ding Shitao , Ren Suna , Gao Hongjian 
Published: July 2022

Soil is a main source of fluoride for plants. The tea plants (Camellia sinensis) accumulate excessive amounts of fluoride in their leaves compared to other plants, but their fluoride tolerance mechanism is poorly understood. A chloroplast fluoride efflux gene (CsABCB9) was newly discovered by using transcriptome analysis, cloned from Camellia sinensis, and its function was demonstrated in the fluoride detoxication mechanism in Escherichia coli/Xenopus laevis oocytes and Arabidopsis thaliana. CsABCB9 is expressed in tea leaves upon F− treatment. The growth of tea, E. coli, and Arabidopsis were inhibited by F− treatment. However, growth of CsABCB9-overexpression in E. coli was shown to increase with lower fluoride content under F− treatment compared to the control. Furthermore, chlorophyll, xanthophyll and soluble sugar contents of CsABCB9-overexpression in Arabidopsis were improved under F− treatment compared to the wild type. CsABCB9 functions in fluoride transport, and the mechanism by which CsABCB9 improves fluoride resistance in tea is mainly chloroplast protection through fluoride efflux.
Approximate solution of nonlinear hyperbolic equations with homogeneous jump conditions
Authors: Adewole Matthew Olayiwola 
Published: July 2022

We present the error analysis of class of second order nonlinear hyperbolic interface problem where the spatial and time discretizations are based on finite element method and linearized backward difference scheme respectively.
Both semi discrete and fully discrete schemes are analyzed with the assumption that the interface is arbitrary but smooth.
Almost optimal convergence rate in \(H^1(\Omega)\)-norm is obtained.
Examples are given to support the theoretical result.