bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supportive care needs and psychosocial outcomes of rural versus urban women with breast cancer
Authors: Eggins Renee , Fowler Helen , Cameron Jessica , Aitken Joanne F. , Youl Philippa , Turrell Gavin , Chambers Suzanne K. , Dunn Jeff , Pyke Chris , Baade Peter D. , Goodwin Belinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify whether supportive care needs vary according to remoteness and area–level socio‐economic status and to identify the combinations of socio‐demographic, area‐level and health factors that are associated with poorer quality of life, psychological distress and severity of unmet supportive care needs.MethodsCross sectional data was collected from women with a breast cancer diagnosis (n = 2635) in Queensland, Australia, through a telephone survey including socio‐demographic, health, psychosocial and supportive care needs measures. Hierarchical regression and cluster analyses were applied to assess the predictors of unmet need and psychosocial outcomes and to identify socio‐demographic and health status profiles of women, comparing their level of unmet needs and psychosocial outcomes.ResultsWomen living in outer regional areas reported the highest severity of unmet need in the patient care domain. Greater unmet need for health systems and information and patient care was also evident for those in moderately and most disadvantaged areas. Three clusters were identified reflecting (1) older women with poorer health and lower education (19%); (2) younger educated women with better health and private insurance (61%); and (3) physically active women with localised cancer who had completed treatment (20%). Poorer outcomes were evident in the first two of these clusters.ConclusionsThis better understanding of the combinations of characteristics associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes and higher unmet need can be used to identify women with higher supportive care needs early and to target interventions.
The role of need for control and self‐reliance in gender and age differences in bowel cancer screening participation
Authors: Goodwin Belinda C. , Myers Larry , McKenna Kirsten N. , Anderson Laura E. , Ireland Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationships between need for control and self‐reliance and barriers to bowel cancer screening to better understand the reasons for lower bowel cancer screening adherence in males and younger individuals.MethodsParticipants (n = 506) aged between 54 and 75 years old completed an online survey measuring demographic information, the four‐factor Barriers to Home Bowel Cancer Screening Scale (BB‐CanS) and a measure of Need for Control and Self‐Reliance (NCSR). Model fit statistics were compared for seven path models testing the relationships between NCSR and BB‐CanS factors and the moderating and mediating effects of age and gender.ResultsModels where age and gender were included as moderators showed the best fit. When compared to females and those under 60 years of age, stronger positive associations between NCSR and BB‐CanS factors were evident among males (βavoidance = 0.539, p < 0.001); βdisgust = 0.558, p < 0.001; βdifficulty = 0.489, p < 0.001; βautonomy = 0.619, p = 0.002) and those over 60 years of age (βavoidance = 0.400, p < 0.001); βdisgust = 0.462, p < 0.001; βdifficulty = 0.447, p < 0.001; βautonomy = 0.378, p < 0.001.ConclusionsWhen encouraging males and people aged 60 years and over to participate in bowel cancer screening, public health messages may benefit from conveying preventative health behaviour and cancer screening participation as actions that reflect self‐control and self‐reliance.
Physiotherapy practice patterns in the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A national survey on the use of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Ackah Martin , Boakye Hosea , Yeboah Cynthia Osei , Bello Ajediran Idowu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeMost published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) endorsed therapeutic exercises, education, and body weight management as the gold standard for managing knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is difficult to ascertain whether the physiotherapy practice pattern in Ghana uniformly conforms to the generally accepted standard. Our aim was to describe the patterns of physiotherapists' practice with respect to Knee OA in a low‐resource setting.MethodA web‐based nationwide cross‐sectional survey was performed among registered members of the Ghana Physiotherapy Association. Consented participants were sampled into the study through a purposive sampling method. A self‐designed and validated questionnaire was administered to obtain the participants' awareness of CPGs, while the selection of modalities by the physiotherapists was based on a clinical vignette. Exploratory analysis of data was performed for the association of the age, sex, education, and the number of patients managed per week with the awareness of CPGs, using the Chi‐square test at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsOf the total 165 participants, only 148 responded and were included for data analysis. Sixty‐one (41.2%) of the 148 respondents were aware of specific CPGs for knee OA management, even though 98 (66.2%) utilized OA‐specific outcome measures for management evaluation. Majority of the participants (90.5%) commonly selected therapeutic exercises, and 83.8% utilized education for weight management. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ice therapy were selected by 68.2% and 66.2% of the respondents, respectively. The number of patients managed per week was not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with the awareness of CPGs.DiscussionOur findings show high utilization of therapeutic exercises and patients' education in the management of knee OA despite the low awareness of OA‐specific CPGs.Implication for PhysiotherapyThe inclusion of passive modalities coupled with the physiotherapists' low awareness underpins the need for continuing education on condition‐specific CPGs.
Simplified approach for making risk decisions in a fast‐paced business environment
Authors: Lu Jianming , Lutostansky Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor facilities where hazardous events of high consequences can happen, quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is used to determine whether the risk is tolerable against the risk criteria of the operating company or local regulations. Specific risk reduction measures may need to be defined and evaluated based on the QRA. A risk analysis considering both consequences and frequencies is typically time‐consuming and requires the collection of sufficient information regarding process, equipment, operation methods, weather, geographic conditions, the population, and so forth. Business management often requires prompt decisions in a fast‐paced business environment; therefore, the risk analysis must be done expediently to provide adequate information for business decisions. Some examples related to industrial gas facilities are summarized to show simplified analyses done to help define risk reduction measures and priorities in a shorter time frame than typically possible by using detailed quantitative risk assessment. Some generic methods for simplification are proposed.
Generalized likelihood ratio control charts for high‐purity (high‐quality) processes
Authors: Rizzo Caterina , Di Bucchianico Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneralized likelihood ratio (GLR) control charts are useful for tailor‐made monitoring strategies, but they are less developed for discrete processes. In this paper, the GLR control chart framework applied to aggregate cumulative quantities data is extended. Inspired by the technical note on GLR control charts from Lee and Woodall (2018), unnecessary artificial bounds in the GLR chart for geometric data proposed in literature are removed and parameter restriction errors, common in GLR designs, are corrected. Finally, the Gamma GLR chart for continuous‐time time‐between‐event data that can be modeled by a Poisson process is proposed and its performance are evaluated and compared to its traditional competitors.
Identification of circulating plasma ceramides as a potential sexually dimorphic biomarker of pancreatic cancer‐induced cachexia
Authors: Chakedis Jeffery M. , Dillhoff Mary E. , Schmidt Carl R. , Rajasekera Priyani V. , Evans David C. , Williams Terence M. , Guttridge Denis C. , Talbert Erin E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients who exhibit cachexia lose weight and have low treatment tolerance and poor outcomes compared with cancer patients without weight loss. Despite the clear increased risk for patients, diagnosing cachexia still often relies on self‐reported weight loss. A reliable biomarker to identify patients with cancer cachexia would be a valuable tool to improve clinical decision making and identification of patients at risk of adverse outcomes.MethodsTargeted metabolomics, which included panels of amino acids, tricarboxylic acids, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and sphingolipids, were conducted on plasma samples from patients with confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with and without cachexia and control patients without cancer (n = 10/group, equally divided by sex). Additional patient samples were analysed (total n = 95), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to establish if any metabolite could effectively serve as a biomarker of cachexia.ResultsTargeted profiling revealed that cachectic patients had decreased circulating levels of three sphingolipids compared with either non‐cachectic PDAC patients or patients without cancer. The ratio of C18‐ceramide to C24‐ceramide (C18:C24) outperformed a number of other previously proposed biomarkers of cachexia (area under ROC = 0.810). It was notable that some biomarkers, including C18:C24, were only altered in cachectic males.ConclusionsOur findings identify C18:C24 as a potentially new biomarker of PDAC‐induced cachexia that also highlight a previously unappreciated sexual dimorphism in cancer cachexia.
Massive haemoptysis in a woman with left lower lobe pulmonary artery interruption—A rare clinical presentation
Authors: Wasgewatta Sanjiwika L. , Heraganahally Subash S. , Ghimire Ram H. , Lim Aijye , Carson Phillip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProximal interruption of the pulmonary artery (PA) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly with varying presentation. These patients can be asymptomatic or symptomatic with breathlessness, haemoptysis, recurrent chest infections and pulmonary hypertension. Here, we present a patient who presented with massive haemoptysis secondary to interruption of the left lower lobe PA. To the best of our knowledge, massive haemoptysis due to isolated interruption of the left lower lobe PA has been rarely reported in the English medical literature.
Robust learning‐based lateral tracking control for autonomous driving with input constraints
Authors: Li Xuefang , Li Hongbo , Meng Deyuan , Feng Guodong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the robust lateral tracking control problem of autonomous vehicles subject to unmodeled system uncertainties, external disturbances as well as input constraints that commonly exist in the vehicle dynamics. The tracking controller design under such uncertain environments is challenging due to the under‐actuated characteristics of the vehicle dynamics. Targeting at this issue, a nonlinear vehicle model is firstly established and transformed into a novel parametric model to facilitate the controller design. A robust adaptive learning control (RALC) approach is then proposed based on the parametric vehicle model, where an input‐dependent auxiliary system is employed to compensate the influence of the input constraints. The convergence of the tracking errors is rigorously analyzed based on the framework of composite energy function. The proposed RALC scheme is proven to be able to achieve an impressive path tracking performance under perturbed and constrained scenarios. Moreover, the proposed technique in tackling the under‐actuated dynamics is novel that can be applied to deal with other generic non‐square systems. The proposed controller is validated with case studies under various conditions.
Effect of Nitrate Doping on the Properties of Chemically Synthesized Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Akash  , Harish  , Kumari Jyoti , Mukhopadhyay Anoop Kumar , Kumar Pushpendra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCalcium hydroxide has drawn a significant attention of current researchers due to its multifunctional applications in the field of biomedical, catalysis, and culture heritage conservation. In this work, the synthesis of calcium hydroxide was done by using the simple chemical precipitation method. The prepared calcium hydroxide was then doped with the three different concentrations e. g., 4, 7 and 10 Wt. % of calcium nitrate. The entire prepared samples were characterized by the XRD (X‐ray diffraction), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope), DTA‐TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis‐ Differential thermal analysis), and UV‐Vis spectroscopy techniques. From the X‐ray diffraction results, it was observed that with increase in calcium nitrate doping the crystallites size decreases from 83 nm to 70 nm. The thermal properties also varied as a function of calcium nitrate doping. Further, the UV‐Vis spectroscopy results showed the increase in optical band gap with increase in calcium nitrate doping. These results are explained in terms of structural, microstructural, thermal, and optical band gap characteristics. Finally, the implication of these results in development of a better material for thermochemical energy storage is discussed.
3‐Bromoacetylcoumarin, a Crucial Key for Facial Synthesis of Biological Active Compounds
Authors: Hosseini Nasab Narges , Azimian Fereshteh , Kruger Hendrik G. , Kim Song Ja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompounds containing the coumarin scaffold are widely used in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries. The biological activities of coumarin containing derivatives make the attractive for the develop new drugs. Different methods and techniques are developed to synthesize new drugs using coumarin as a starting material. This review summarized various methods, techniques and reaction conditions for synthesis of coumarins containing compounds from 3‐bromoacetylcoumarin. A total of 79 coumarin intermediates and products are reported herein. The different reactions include nucleophilic substitutions, one‐pot and multi‐step synthesis for preparation of coumarin containing compounds through different mechanisms and the outcomes achieved through such reactions are discussed. The prepared compounds showed a range of activities resulting in antifungal, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic and cholinesterase inhibitors. The nucleophilic substitution reactions involving urea related compounds, followed by intramolecular cyclization lead to imidazole and thiazole moieties, which exhibit antibacterial activities. It is hoped that this review provides useful insight for researchers engaged in this field to expand the knowledge gained in this area.
Examining socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health before and during different phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Buyukcan‐Tetik Asuman , Maes Marlies , Weinberg Dominic , Vermeulen Sander , Visser Kirsten , Finkenauer Catrin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health between fall 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19), spring 2020 (initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) phase), and fall 2020 (prevailing COVID‐19 phase). Using data from 1429 adolescents (Mage = 17.9) from tertiary vocational schools in the Netherlands with n = 386 participating in all three waves, linear and latent basis growth curve models were assessed and multigroup analyses conducted. Results showed a small but significant decrease in life satisfaction and small but significant increases in emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity‐inattention problems. For emotional problems and peer relationship problems, increases between pre‐COVID‐19 and the initial COVID‐19 phase were more pronounced than increases between the initial and prevailing COVID‐19 phase. In contrast, linear decreases were found for life satisfaction and linear increases for conduct problems and hyperactivity‐inattention problems over the course of the study. Mental health patterns were largely comparable for adolescents from families with varying socioeconomic status.
Photothermal‐Driven High‐Performance Selective Hydrogenation System Enabled by Delicately Designed IrCo Nanocages
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Pan Jing , Liu Li , Zhang Shuaishuai , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of a transition metal into a noble metal for the formation of nanoalloys paves a potential way to modulate the electronic structures and spatial arrangement modes, thereby manipulating the target catalysis under the desired reaction pathways. Herein, a top‐down synthetic route to fabricate IrCo nanoalloys with delicately designed compositions and morphologies at an extremely low calcination temperature of 200 °C is reported, which efficiently breaks through the thermodynamic limitations caused by the large atomic radii and electronegativity discrepancies between Co and Ir. A high‐performance selective hydrogenation system enabled by the synthesized IrCo nanoalloys and the light irradiation is further established. Significantly, the unique properties of IrCo alloy, involving the special capability of generating local heating rather than hot electrons under light irradiation (the hot‐electron effect was considered detrimental to hydrogenation reactions), as well as the highly polarized surface which aids in the hydrogen transfer from borane‐ammonia complex (AB) to 4‐nitrostyrene (4‐NS) are discovered.
Betriebsfestigkeit und Reihenfolgeeffekte bei geschweißten Hohlprofilkonstruktionen
Authors: Dürr André , Rother Klemens , Roth Jakob , Neuhäusler Josef , Oswald Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFür die Ausbildung von Leichtbaukonstruktionen werden bei Kranen, im Offshore‐Bereich sowie bei Busstrukturen oder im Landmaschinenbau häufig Hohlprofile verwendet, die als geschweißte Fachwerk‐ oder Rahmenkonstruktionen zur Anwendung kommen und dabei hohen variablen Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen unterliegen. Als Grundlage für eine Betriebsfestigkeitsbemessung dient in der Praxis üblicherweise die lineare Schadensakkumulation nach Palmgren‐Miner, die jedoch aufgrund der einfachen Handhabung auch Schwächen aufweist. So können Einflüsse aus der Lastreihenfolge, das Auftreten von Überlasten sowie der Einfluss von Schweißeigenspannungen auf die Lebensdauer nicht berücksichtigt werden. Im Rahmen des FOSTA‐Forschungsvorhabens P 1195 wurden daher zum Einfluss der Reihenfolge und von Überlasten auf die Betriebsfestigkeit umfangreiche Untersuchungen zu typischen geschweißten Hohlprofilknoten aus dem Anwendungsbereich des Kranbaus und des Nutzfahrzeugbaus durchgeführt. Eine Zusammenfassung der erzielten Ergebnisse für die geschweißten Hohlprofilkonstruktionen aus dem Anwendungsbereich des Kranbaus ist im Rahmen dieses Beitrags gegeben.
Clinical workflow of sonographers performing fetal anomaly ultrasound scans: deep‐learning‐based analysis
Authors: Drukker L. , Sharma H. , Karim J. N. , Droste R. , Noble J. A. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite decades of obstetric scanning, the field of sonographer workflow remains largely unexplored. In the second trimester, sonographers use scan guidelines to guide their acquisition of standard planes and structures; however, the scan‐acquisition order is not prescribed. Using deep‐learning‐based video analysis, the aim of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of the clinical workflow undertaken by sonographers during second‐trimester anomaly scans.MethodsWe collected prospectively full‐length video recordings of routine second‐trimester anomaly scans. Important scan events in the videos were identified by detecting automatically image freeze and image/clip save. The video immediately preceding and following the important event was extracted and labeled as one of 11 commonly acquired anatomical structures. We developed and used a purposely trained and tested deep‐learning annotation model to label automatically the large number of scan events. Thus, anomaly scans were partitioned as a sequence of anatomical planes or fetal structures obtained over time.ResultsA total of 496 anomaly scans performed by 14 sonographers were available for analysis. UK guidelines specify that an image or videoclip of five different anatomical regions must be stored and these were detected in the majority of scans: head/brain was detected in 97.2% of scans, coronal face view (nose/lips) in 86.1%, abdomen in 93.1%, spine in 95.0% and femur in 92.3%. Analyzing the clinical workflow, we observed that sonographers were most likely to begin their scan by capturing the head/brain (in 24.4% of scans), spine (in 23.2%) or thorax/heart (in 22.8%). The most commonly identified two‐structure transitions were: placenta/amniotic fluid to maternal anatomy, occurring in 44.5% of scans; head/brain to coronal face (nose/lips) in 42.7%; abdomen to thorax/heart in 26.1%; and three‐dimensional/four‐dimensional face to sagittal face (profile) in 23.7%. Transitions between three or more consecutive structures in sequence were uncommon (up to 13% of scans). None of the captured anomaly scans shared an entirely identical sequence.ConclusionsWe present a novel evaluation of the anomaly scan acquisition process using a deep‐learning‐based analysis of ultrasound video. We note wide variation in the number and sequence of structures obtained during routine second‐trimester anomaly scans. Overall, each anomaly scan was found to be unique in its scanning sequence, suggesting that sonographers take advantage of the fetal position and acquire the standard planes according to their visibility rather than following a strict acquisition order. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles for the treatment of bacterial infection
Authors: Ma Jiaxin , Jiang Lai , Liu Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the enormous success of antibiotics in antimicrobial therapy, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance and the complexity of the bacterial infection microenvironment make traditional antibiotic therapy face critical challenges against resistant bacteria, antitoxin, and intracellular infections. Consequently, there is a critical need to design antimicrobial agents that target infection microenvironment and alleviate antibiotic resistance. Cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs) are biomimetic materials that can be obtained by wrapping the cell membrane vesicles directly onto the surface of the nanoparticles (NPs) through physical means. Incorporating the biological functions of cell membrane vesicles and the superior physicochemical properties of NPs, CMCNPs have shown great promise in recent years for targeting infections, neutralizing bacterial toxins, and designing bacterial infection vaccines. This review highlights topics where CMCNPs present great value in advancing the treatment of bacterial infections, including drug delivery, detoxification, and vaccination. Lastly, we discuss the future hurdles and prospects of translating this technique into clinical practice, providing a comprehensive review of the technological developments of CMCNPs in the treatment of bacterial infections.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology