bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory role of garlic (Allium sativum) extract against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in female albino rats and their offspring
Authors: Elbeltagy Abdelfattah , Mohamed Gamal , Akeel Mohammed , Abdelaziz Karoline , Elbakry Kadry , Elsayed Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs widely utilized in the treatment of several malignancies. However, recently; its use has been limited because of its hazardous health drawbacks. Previous researches confirmed that CP has severe deleterious side effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Garlic (Allium sativum) extract has been claimed to exhibit potent antioxidative and free radical scavenging abilities. Aim: This work is mainly designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of garlic extract against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring. Methods: 24 pregnant rats were used in the current study. They were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): control, garlic, CP, and CP + garlic group. At the end of the weaning period, the mothers and the offsprings of all groups were sacrificed, the kidneys were immediately excised, and processed for histological and biochemical investigations. Also, blood samples were withdrawn and processed for estimation of the assigned biochemical parameters. Results: The renal histological sections from CP-treated mother rats displayed pronounced histopathological lesions however, their offspring showed mild renal histopathological lesions if compared with those of their mothers. The levels of renal tissue Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were significantly decreased. On the contrary, the levels of malondialdehyde, serum urea, and creatinine were significantly increased in CP-treated mother rats and their offspring as compared with control. The percentage value of caspase 3 activity was markedly elevated in the renal tissues of CP-treated mother rats and their offspring compared to the control group. Supplementation of garlic extract to the CP treated rats; the overall histological lesions, as well as biochemical parameters, were restored nearly to the control ones. It is concluded that garlic (Allium sativum) extract has a powerful ameliorative role against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring.
Editorial. Wildlife crossings and road impact on mammals
Authors: Valdez-Leal Juan de Dios , Pacheco-Figueroa Coral Jazvel 
Published: May 2022

Las carreteras son esenciales en el crecimiento económico de los países, por tanto, la provisión de servicios de infraestructura vial tiene una rápida expansión. En las estrategias actuales se considera a estas vías de comunicación como un elemento primordial en la reactivación económica, provocando que existan una gran cantidad de proyectos ambiciosos de modernización y expansión vial a nivel mundial (CEPAL 2021). Las carreteras son una amenaza con grandes consecuencias ambientales. En las últimas décadas son consideradas como una de las principales amenazas a la fauna silvestre a nivel global (van der Ree et al. 2015). Debido principalmente al impacto por la fragmentación del hábitat y la mortalidad de colisiones con vehículos. En este fascículo, se reconoce que la conectividad del paisaje es esencial para el mantenimiento del flujo de individuos de mamíferos, mantener su variabilidad genética, permitir el acceso a recursos. De igual forma una irrupción de la conectividad trae en consecuencia, amenazas a nivel de especie y de poblaciones. Sin embargo, a pesar de la relevancia del tema, hay una escasa legislación sobre el mantenimiento de la conectividad ecológica. Tal como lo indica Fernández-Buces et al. (2022), en su trabajo, no existen leyes, normas o acuerdos que obliguen a tener medios que mantengan la conectividad en las carreteras de forma planificada. Hay una ausencia de leyes particulares para diseñar pasos de fauna. Se requiere entender que al construir este tipo de vías de comunicación es necesario evitar o mitigar al mínimo los impactos que se puedan generar debido a sus actividades de construcción.
Population decline of an endangered primate resulting from the impact of a road in the Catazajá wetlands, Chiapas, México
Authors: Pozo-Montuy Gilberto , Bonilla-Sánchez Yadira Magali 
Published: May 2022

El desarrollo de grandes infraestructuras como las carreteras han colocado en grave amenaza a la biodiversidad debido a la mortalidad por atropellamiento de fauna silvestre. Una de las amenazas subyacentes es el fácil acceso para los cazadores; degradación del hábitat alrededor de la carretera por actividades agropecuarias, extracción de petróleo, gas y la minería. Lo anterior coloca en grave riesgo a los primates, con 55 % del total de sus especies en peligro de extinción y disminución de sus poblaciones en un 75 % de sus especies. Este trabajo es el primer estudio en América con un primate arborícola en peligro de extinción y que examina la reducción poblacional sufrida por el impacto de una ampliación de carretera existente en Chiapas, México. La población de Alouatta pigra se redujo en el área de estudio en un 56 % entre el periodo 2012-2017 con 37 atropellamientos. La proporción sexo-edad más afectada es la de inmaduros (de ambos sexos) pasando de 1.2 en 2012 a 0.5 inmaduros por cada hembra adulta en el 2017. Este estudio resalta la disminución poblacional drástica provocada por no realizarse de manera adecuada los estudios de impacto ambiental y las medidas de mitigación en la carretera de estudio.
Rescue packs for COPD: problem or panacea?
Authors: Bostock Beverley 
Published: May 2022

Exacerbations of COPD require additional acute treatment. Beverley Bostock discusses the rationale for offering rescue packs as part of patient self-management For many people who have been diagnosed with COPD, there is a risk of experiencing an exacerbation of their symptoms which will require additional acute treatment to supplement their usual therapy. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with reduced quality of life, loss of lung function and a higher risk of dying. People living with COPD may be advised to keep a ‘rescue pack’ of oral corticosteroids and antibiotics to start if they develop symptoms of an exacerbation. Patient education should include advice on how to recognise exacerbations and when and how to treat them, with information about the effects and side-effects of any medication.
Water Quality Trends and Shifts Vary across Constituents in the Upper Poteau River Watershed
Authors: Lasater Abbie LaNell , O’Hare Meagan , Haggard Brian E. 
Published: May 2022

HighlightsThe relatively undisturbed Black Fork showed either decreases or no change in flow-adjusted constituents.Water quality was changing at the Poteau River and James Fork, both impacted by point and nonpoint sources.At the James Fork, total P did not change and OP increased, while P decreased at the Poteau River; N increased at both.After shift changes in flow-adjusted concentrations, often no monotonic trends occurred over time.Abstract. Water quality trend analyses seek to determine whether constituent concentrations or loads have increased or decreased over time, which can suggest the effectiveness of management practices or the need for pollutant reduction. The Poteau River watershed (PRW) is a transboundary watershed across Arkansas and Oklahoma, and the Arkansas portion is listed as a priority watershed. The Poteau River flows into Lake Wister, which is an important reservoir for recreation, fishing, and waterfowl hunting in eastern Oklahoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze long-term water quality trends across the upper PRW using the three-step trends method and to determine how water quality has evolved with increasing agriculture and changes in wastewater treatment discharges in Arkansas. The relatively undisturbed river in the PRW, the Black Fork, showed either significant decreases or no change in nutrient and sediment concentrations over time (i.e., ~1.0% year-1 decrease or less). On the other hand, water quality has changed over time in the James Fork and Poteau River watersheds, which are impacted by both point and nonpoint sources. At the James Fork, orthophosphate (OP) significantly increased over time, while total phosphorus (TP) and OP significantly decreased at the Poteau River; total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate plus nitrite (NN) significantly increased at both. Finally, sediment concentrations significantly decreased over time at both the Poteau River and James Fork, with decreasing shifts also occurring in the early 2000s. The changes over time were not necessarily monotonic, as shifts in flow-adjusted concentrations were observed. Effluent concentrations from point sources were found to be decreasing in the 2000s, and regulations were implemented in Arkansas to manage poultry little applications in nutrient surplus areas (i.e., the upper PRW) based on the P index. After those shift changes, water quality was not monotonically changing for most sites and parameters over time. Overall, continued monitoring should be prioritized to ensure that increasing or unchanging trends do not jeopardize water quality in the watershed. Keywords: Point and nonpoint sources, Water quality trends, Watershed management.
Enhanced photonic spin Hall effect of reflected light from a doubly linear gradient-refractive-index material
Authors: Cheng Jie , Xiang Yinjie , Wang Gaojun , Xu Jiahao , Dong Peng , Li Bin , Chi Fengfeng , Liu Shengli 
Published: May 2022

The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE), manifesting itself as spin-dependent splitting of light, holds potential applications in nano-photonic devices and precision metrology. However, the photonic SHE is generally weak, and therefore its enhancement is of great significance. In this paper, we propose a simple method for enhancing the photonic SHE of reflected light by taking advantage of the gradient-refractive-index (GRIN) material. The transverse shifts for a normal (homogeneous) layer and linear GRIN structure with three different types (singly increasing, singly decreasing, and doubly linear ones) are theoretically investigated. We found that the doubly linear GRIN materials exhibit the prominent photonic SHE of reflected light, which is mainly due to the Fabry–Perot resonance. By optimizing the thickness and the lower (higher) refractive index of the doubly linear GRIN layer, the transverse shift for a horizontally polarized incident beam can nearly reach its upper limitation (i.e., half of the beam waist). These findings provide us a potential method to enhance the photonic SHE, and therefore establish a strong foundation for developing spin-based photonic devices in the future.
Nearly 70  Gbit/s NRZ-OOK encoding of a dual-mode 850  nm VCSEL with a highly In-doped and small Zn-diffused emission area
Authors: Lin Gong-Ru , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lee Shao-Yung , Chen Xin , Wang Chia-Hsuan , Li Ming-Jun , Huang Yu-Ming , Huang Wei-Ta , Yang Dong 
Published: May 2022

By pre-emphasized encoding of a dual-mode 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), the nearly 70 Gbit/s on–off keying (OOK) transmission performance is performed for the ultrafast data link. This VCSEL is designed with a new structural configuration, including 6 μm oxidized aperture and 4 μm Zn-diffused emission aperture, which exhibits dual-mode lasing with a threshold current of 0.75 mA, a nonsaturated power of 2.2 mW at 8 mA, and a differential quantum efficiency of 0.38 under a lensed OM4 multimode fiber (MMF) coupling scheme. In particular, the high indium (In) dopant density in the quantum well increases its differential gain coefficient to upshift the relaxation oscillation frequency, which effectively broadens the modulation bandwidth to high-speed data transmission. For the back-to-back transmission, the VCSEL coupled with a lensed OM4-MMF (1 m) for short-reach link reveals an NRZ-OOK transmission at 66 and 69 Gbit/s with a corresponding bit-error ratio (BER) of

5.9
×

10

−
10

and

10

−
5

for error-free decoding after forward-error correction. When employing graded-index single-mode fiber (GI-SMF) with 100 m length as the transmission segment, the VCSEL linked to the GI-SMF connected with a lensed OM4-MMF (1 m) collimator can provide the pre-emphasized NRZ-OOK transmission at 51 Gbit/s with a BER of

4.5
×

10

−
10

and SNR of 14.1 dB.
Activated polymorphonuclear derived extracellular vesicles are potential biomarkers of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Sallai Imre , Marton Nikolett , Szatmári Attila , Kittel Ágnes , Nagy György , Buzás Edit I. , Khamari Delaram , Komlósi Zsolt , Kristóf Katalin , Drahos László , Turiák Lilla , Sugár Simon , Veres Dániel Sándor , Kendoff Daniel , Zahár Ákos , Skaliczki Gábor 
Published: May 2022

Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as crucial players in a wide variety of biological processes. Although their importance in joint diseases or infections has been shown by numerous studies, much less is known about their function in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our aim was to investigate activated polymorphonuclear (PMN)-derived synovial EVs in patients with PJI.

Questions/Purposes
(1) Is there a difference in the number and size of extracellular vesicles between periprosthetic joint aspirates of patients with PJI and aseptic loosening? (2) Are these vesicles morphologically different in the two groups? (3) Are there activated PMN-derived EVs in septic samples evaluated by flow cytometry after CD177 labelling? (4) Is there a difference in the protein composition carried by septic and aseptic vesicles?

Methods
Thirty-four patients (n = 34) were enrolled into our investigation, 17 with PJI and 17 with aseptic prosthesis loosening. Periprosthetic joint fluid was aspirated and EVs were separated. Samples were analysed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (after Annexin V and CD177 labelling). The protein content of the EVs was studied by mass spectrometry (MS).

Results
NTA showed particle size distribution in both groups between 150 nm and 450 nm. The concentration of EVs was significantly higher in the septic samples (p = 0.0105) and showed a different size pattern as compared to the aseptic ones. The vesicular nature of the particles was confirmed by TEM and differential detergent lysis. In the septic group, FC analysis showed a significantly increased event number both after single and double labelling with fluorochrome conjugated Annexin V (p = 0.046) and Annexin V and anti-CD177 (p = 0.0105), respectively. MS detected a significant difference in the abundance of lactotransferrin (p = 0.00646), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.01061), lysozyme C (p = 0.04687), annexin A6 (p = 0.03921) and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (p = 0.03146) between the studied groups.

Conclusions
An increased number of activated PMN derived EVs were detected in the synovial fluid of PJI patients with a characteristic size distribution and a specific protein composition. The activated PMNs-derived extracellular vesicles can be potential biomarkers of PJI.
Teacher digital competence development in higher education: Overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Peters Mitchell , Elasri Ejjaberi Amal , Jesús Martínez Maria , Fabregues Sergi 
Published: May 2022

The scope of digital technology integration in university teaching has changed our understanding of teacher readiness and teacher competence. Recently, faced with the digitalisation of higher education (HE), the construct of teacher digital competence (TDC) has emerged. Although there are many recent systematic reviews on digital competence from a range of perspectives and geographic settings, such reviews often show a limited view of a larger digital competence landscape in HE. The current study on TDC development in HE aims to synthesise knowledge to provide an integrated and global assessment of existing evidence. We carried out a systematic overview, especially suited for identifying, synthesising and critically appraising published reviews on a given topic amidst an abundance of research. We identified three clear settings by synthesising 740 studies across 13 systematic reviews. Results reveal a significant interest in TDC in Spain, conducted by researchers in the field of educational technology concerned with teacher training and teacher professional development. We make recommendations to reorient the field by understanding TDC development through an integrated, transversal and holistic perspective; moving away from basic forms of research; and conducting and reporting research in line with methodological guidelines to ensure the highest possible standards.
Implications for practice or policy:

Stakeholders interested in better fostering TDC could complement training and evaluation with an integrated and systems-based approach, including sustaining an institutional culture that strategically supports TDC development.
Researchers could move away from basic forms of research design in order to advance the field beyond self-assessment and evaluation studies.
Systematic review research can be improved by following rigorous methodological guidelines, including critical appraisal and transparent methods to synthesise studies, to ensure the highest academic integrity.
In and out of the cage: informational privacy in Henry James’s In the Cage
Authors: Fang Fan , Hao Xiangjian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The issue of informational privacy emerged from the modern, technological landscape during the fin de siècle. The novelist Henry James approached this issue in his letters and novella In the Cage (1898), concurrent with lawyers Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis’s seminal legal discourse of the right to privacy. Despite the time affinity, James had recourse to the power of societal ethos in his works to unravel privacy issues, which diverged from the lawyers’ demand for legal rights. Still, the concurrence and divergence over informational privacy resonate in examining the tripartite relationship among informational privacy, modern technology and humans’ freedom. By analysing the epistemological dimensions of informational privacy and a crucial scene of trial in James’s In the Cage, this article argues that the protagonist’s choice to stay in or out of the informational “cage” invites the reader to reconsider between and beyond the private sphere and the public sphere. Privacy as a moral or legal right is dependent on the dynamics between the desire to know and the intention of intrusion as well as the negotiation between the public and private spheres. Tracing how the privacy issue emerged in the historical context, we hold that James’s text as the interface of law and literature echoes the texture of moral and legal complexity in today’s informational privacy issues.
Lidocaine vs. tramadol vs. placebo wound infiltration for post-cesarean section pain relief: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Torky Haitham , Aly Rania , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , El-Baz Ashraf , Mahmoud Hossam , Sileem Sileem , Badawy Mahmoud , Sayd Zainab , Dief Osama , Elsadek Ahmed , Marie Heba , Abo-Louz Ashraf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In low-income settings, postoperative pain relief could be challenging as a high patient/nurse ratio limits pain assessment and adequate analgesics administration. The multi-center prospective double-blinded parallel randomized controlled trial was done to compare lidocaine, tramadol, and placebo (saline) intraoperative wound infiltration to relieve post-cesarean section wound pain during the first 24 h.

Methods
Ninety-nine cases were equally randomized into three groups, each containing 33 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. During operation, the wound was infiltrated subcutaneously with 20 mL of 2% lidocaine solution in the first group, 2 mg/kg tramadol in the second group, and saline in the third group. The primary outcome was to assess the postoperative pain at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h by the Yes-No-Don’t Know (YNDK) Scale, while the secondary outcome was to assess the need for further postoperative analgesia.

Results
Wound infiltration with lidocaine or tramadol was effective in pain relief, and both were superior to placebo. Wound infiltration with tramadol was superior to lidocaine in pain relief at 2 h and up to 24 h.

Conclusions
Wound infiltration with tramadol has a more prolonged pain relief effect than lidocaine in post-cesarean section pain relief in patients performing cesarean section under general anesthesia lasting up to 24 h, and both are superior to placebo in pain relief.
Response of cannabidiol hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties grown in the southeastern United States to nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Atoloye Idowu A. , Adesina Ifeoluwa , Shahbazi Abolghasem , Bhowmik Arnab 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the expanding hemp cannabidiol (CBD) industry in the United States, information on fertilizer recommendations for optimal production under field conditions is deficient in the literature. This study evaluates the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on bud biomass and CBD yield of two high-yielding CBD hemp varieties (Spectrum and Therapy) under field conditions. Four application rates of N fertilization (0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha−1) were supplied using 2 commercially available N fertilizers. Fresh bud biomass, dry bud biomass, and CBD yield (g plant−1) increased quadratically with N fertilization rates, with optimum rates between 140 and 190 kg N ha−1. When pooled across varieties, the tissue N concentration was linearly related to the fresh bud biomass, dry bud biomass, and CBD yield. Our findings show that N fertilization can affect CBD yield under field conditions. The resulting effect of N fertilizer rates on these varieties could serve as a preliminary guide for CBD hemp production under field conditions, although results may differ with variety, location, or fertilizer type.
Atuação da equipe de enfermagem em um programa de atenção domiciliar em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Gama Stephany Rayane da Costa , De Mendonça Brenda Aline Costa , Da Silva Gigliane Santos , Da Costa Ruth Silva lima 
Published: May 2022

OBJETIVO: conhecer a atuação da equipe de enfermagem frente a um programa de atenção domiciliar em cuidados paliativos, voltado a indivíduos em estado terminal. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido com enfermeiros atuantes em um programa de atenção domiciliar da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Acre. Os dados foram coletados no mês de outubro de 2021, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados seguindo a proposta de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. RESULTADOS: os enfermeiros demostraram possuir conhecimento sobre os cuidados paliativos aplicados aos indivíduos por eles atendidos, evidenciando que o atendimento prestado é dinâmico e requer habilidades especificas para desenvolvê-los, desde os mais simples aos mais complexos, sendo de fundamental importância para a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos assistidos. Alguns fatores favorecem a assistência prestada, como o conhecimento e a dedicação da equipe, a parceria com a família e os recursos disponibilizados pelo programa. No entanto, a localização do domicílio do paciente dificulta o acesso e acaba interferindo na qualidade da assistência a ser prestada. CONCLUSÃO: a atuação do profissional de enfermagem no programa de atenção domiciliar em questão foi considerada fundamental para garantir dignidade e alívio do sofrimento para aqueles cuja condição clínica é desfavorável.