bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jet morphology analysis of microwave‐generated plasma for microfabrication of optics
Authors: Dong Yuqing , Zhang Jiacheng , Zhang Peng , Tian Hengxi , Yu Deping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe jet morphology of the fluorine‐containing plasma is important for the accuracy and efficiency of nondestructive optical fabrication. This paper investigated changes in the jet size and active radicals of microwave plasma. Results show that little addition of CF4 and O2 in Ar could promote the ionization process, but excessive addition of them would inhibit the production of active radicals and limit the jet size. Both optimizing the proportion of CF4 and O2 and the applied power can greatly improve the jet morphology. The regulation principle of the plasma jet morphology was interpreted as the balance between the ionization resistance of the working gas and the applied power, which ensures a high etch rate and process resolution.
Berries as a case study for crop wild relative conservation, use, and public engagement in Canada
Authors: Migicovsky Zoë , Amyotte Beatrice , Ulrich Jens , Smith Tyler W. , Turner Nancy J. , Pico Joana , Ciotir Claudia , Sharifi Mehdi , Meldrum Gennifer , Stormes Ben , Moreau Tara 
Published: August 2022

Societal impact statementPlant biodiversity is fundamental to the future of food security and agriculture. Berries are the most economically important fruit crops in Canada. Within this article, we explore the nutritional, cultural, and botanical importance of berries, including crop wild relatives (plant species that are closely related to domesticated crops) and plants that are significant to Indigenous Peoples. Using berries as a case study, we explore opportunities for the conservation, use, and public engagement of crop wild relatives. Our objective is to lay the groundwork for future collaborative efforts across these diverse plants.SummaryConservation of plant biodiversity, in particular crop wild relatives including those tended and cultivated by Indigenous Peoples, is critical to food security and agriculture. Building on the 2019 road map for crop wild relatives, we examine berries as a case study for crop wild relative conservation, use, and public engagement. We focus on berries due not only to their economic, cultural, and nutritional importance but also because they are consumed fresh, providing a unique opportunity for individuals and communities to connect with plants. We outline health benefits, geographic distribution, and species at risk for Canadian berries. We describe practices, strategies, and approaches used by Indigenous Peoples to steward berries and emphasize the importance of traditional knowledge. We highlight opportunities for in situ and ex situ berry conservation and use of berries in plant breeding and Indigenous foodways. Our aim is to lay the groundwork for future collaborative efforts in these areas and to showcase berries as a useful case study for conservation of food plant biodiversity and public engagement.
External validation of the Predicting Asthma Risk in Children tool in a clinical cohort
Authors: Berger Daria O. , Pedersen Eva S. L. , Mallet Maria C. , de Jong Carmen C. M. , Usemann Jakob , Regamey Nicolas , Spycher Ben D. , Ardura‐Garcia Cristina , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   The SPAC Study Team
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Predicting Asthma Risk in Children (PARC) tool uses questionnaire‐based respiratory symptoms collected from preschool children to predict asthma risk 5 years later. The tool was developed and validated in population cohorts but not validated using a clinical cohort. We aimed to externally validate the PARC tool in a pediatric pulmonology clinic setting.MethodsThe Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort (SPAC) is a prospective cohort of children seen in pediatric pulmonology clinics across Switzerland. We included children aged 1–6 years with cough or wheeze at baseline who completed the 2‐year follow‐up questionnaire. The outcome was defined as current wheeze plus use of asthma medication. We assessed performance using: sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV), area under the curve (AUC), scaled Brier's score, and Nagelkerke's R2 scores. We compared performance in SPAC to that in the original population, the Leicester Respiratory Cohort (LRC).ResultsAmong 346 children included, 125 (36%) reported the outcome after 2 years. At a PARC score of 4: sensitivity was higher (95% vs. 79%), specificity lower (14% vs. 57%), and NPV and PPV comparable (0.84 vs. 0.87 and 0.37 vs. 0.42) in SPAC versus LRC. AUC (0.71 vs. 0.78), R2 (0.18 vs. 0.28) and Brier's scores (0.13 vs. 0.22) were lower in SPAC.ConclusionsThe PARC tool shows some clinical utility, particularly for ruling out the development of asthma in young children, but performance limitations highlight the need for new prediction tools to be developed specifically for the clinical setting.
Engineering human JMJD2A tudor domains for an improved understanding of histone peptide recognition
Authors: Parkinson Jonathan , Hard Ryan , Ainsworth Richard , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractJMJD2A is a histone lysine demethylase which recognizes and demethylates H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 residues and is overexpressed in various cancers. It utilizes a tandem tudor domain to facilitate its own recruitment to histone sites, recognizing various di‐ and tri‐methyl lysine residues with moderate affinity. In this study, we successfully engineered the tudor domain of JMJD2A to specifically bind to H4K20me3 with a 20‐fold increase of affinity and improved selectivity. To reveal the molecular basis, we performed molecular dynamics and free energy decomposition analysis on the human JMJD2A tandem tudor domains bound to H4K20me2, H4K20me3, and H3K23me3 peptides to uncover the residues and conformational changes important for the enhanced binding affinity and selectivity toward H4K20me2/3. These analyses revealed new insights into understanding chromatin reader domains recognizing histone modifications and improving binding affinity and selectivity of these domains. Furthermore, we showed that the tight binding of JMJD2A to H4K20me2/3 is not sufficient to improve the efficiency of CRISPR‐CAS9 mediated homology directed repair (HDR), suggesting a complicated relationship between JMJD2A and the DNA damage response beyond binding affinity toward the H4K20me2/3 mark.
Diffusional and antimicrobial behaviors of some antimicrobial agents in active multilayer plastic films
Authors: Dıblan Sevgin , Kaya Sevim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, diffusional and antimicrobial properties of the active‐multilayer plastic films (LDPE/polyamide/LDPE‐2% antimicrobial agent) were assessed. To understand the diffusion of antimicrobials from the active plastic films containing nisin, potassium sorbate, silver substituted zeolite, or chitosan, the active‐multilayer plastic films has been put in different food simulating solutions. The food simulating solutions had various pH (3.0–7.0) and water activity (0.65–0.95) levels and were incubated at various storage temperatures (5–25°C). The release experiments for the combinations of the factors were set according to three factors face‐centered central composite design (CCF) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The diffusion rate constant (D) was calculated using Fick's law approach. The D of nisin and silver substituted zeolite was affected by pH or temperature, while aw is not a significant factor. However, Dps was found to be the highest and depended on all factors (4.45–10.04 × 10−14 cm2/s). Furthermore, no chitosan release was detected from the film matrix. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the films against microorganisms that were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger varied according to the film type, which was verified by a challenge test on the kaşar cheese surface. Moreover, nisin and silver substituted zeolite incorporated films showed great potential to inhibit bacteria, yeast, and molds. All active films, which were studied, had featured tasks for being active food packaging material and diffused in allowance limits.
Distributed generalized Nash equilibrium seeking for noncooperative games with unknown cost functions
Authors: Cai Xin , Xiao Feng , Wei Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, a distributed nonmodel based generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking algorithm is proposed for a class of constrained noncooperative games with unknown cost functions. In the game, the strategy of each agent is restricted by both the coupled equality constraint and local inequality constraints. By virtue of the exact penalty method, an auxiliary cost function is constructed with the cost function and the local constraints. The main feature of the proposed algorithm depends on the capability to estimate the gradient information of auxiliary cost functions with only the values of costs. This is obtained by the extremum seeking control (ESC). To deal with the coupled constraints, only the Lagrange multiplier is transmitted among agents with some prior information about the coupled constraints. Moreover, a diminishing dither signal is introduced in the seeking algorithm to remove undesirable steady‐state oscillations occurred in the classical ESC. As a result, the nonlocal convergence of the designed seeking algorithm to the GNE of the game is obtained by the singular perturbation theory, averaging analysis and Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Beginning with the end in mind: Meaningful and intentional endings to equitable partnerships in science education
Authors: Santos Stephany , Scipio Déana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is one of three sequential papers interrogating equity in partnerships (or partnering relationships [PRs]) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. In this piece, we prioritize abundance framing and dignity‐conferring work when engaging in partnerships with and for communities who have been historically marginalized. We propose a framework of seven drivers that define the directions and/or success of PRs: (1) mission, vision, or values; (2) goals or outcomes; (3) practices or processes; (4) power, privilege, or oppression; (5) communities and geography; (6) time and urgency; and (7) partners. This framework can be used to examine PRs at any phase of their existence to ensure equity‐centered and dignity‐conferring processes and outcomes. We discuss case studies that are common or specific challenges or frustrations that occur in nonequity‐centered PRs. We frame these as six vexations: (1) sustainable PRs; (2) dignity‐conferring PRs; (3) repetitive PRs; (4) political PRs; (5) “mission trip” PRs; (6) and deceptive PRs. We address these by using a data feminist lens (a perspective inspired by the book Data Feminism that centers on justice in defining and presenting outcomes), and future dreamings (a perspective that centers on potential ahead) to define our suggestions for designing intentional endings of partnerships.
Mapping and validation of major and stable QTL for flag leaf size from tetraploid wheat
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Hang , Zhao Conghao , Tang Huaping , Mu Yang , Xu Qiang , Deng Mei , Jiang Qiantao , Chen Guoyue , Qi Pengfei , Wang Jirui , Jiang Yunfeng , Chen Shisheng , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Lan Xiujin , Ma Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe flag leaf is an important photosynthetic organ of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Appropriate flag leaf size can effectively increase grain yield. In this study, a tetraploid wheat population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and a genetic map constructed based on a wheat 55K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), flag leaf area (FLA), and the flag leaf length/width ratio (FLR). A novel and major interval flanked by markers AX‐111633224 and AX‐109317229 was identified. This interval includes QTL for FLL (QFll.sau‐AM‐4B.2), for FLW (QFlw.sau‐AM‐4B.4), for FLA (QFla.sau‐AM‐4B), and for FLR (QFlr.sau‐AM‐4B). Based on the genotypes of the closely linked KASP (Kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) marker (KASP‐AX‐108756198), QFlw.sau‐AM‐4B.4 and QFla.sau‐AM‐4B were successfully verified in two F3 populations with different genetic backgrounds. Genetic associations between flag leaf‐related traits and other agronomic traits were detected and analyzed. Four genes in this interval were likely involved in the growth and development of the flag leaf size. In conclusion, this study provides clues for excavating genes related to flag leaf size and breeding variety with ideal plant structure.
Assessing the precision of wild boar density estimations
Authors: Guerrasio Tancredi , Brogi Rudy , Marcon Andrea , Apollonio Marco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective management of wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations has to be based on precise estimates of local densities. The development of an effective and cost‐efficient technique to cope with this need has always represented a challenge for wildlife managers and researchers. Drive counts, hunting bags, and Random Encounter Model (REM) are among the most frequently used techniques, with the latter recently gaining wide recognition. We sought to compare the 3 methods in terms of their suitability for management, precision, and effort required. Moreover, we evaluated the uncertainty of REM results when all sources of error were considered. In our study, the 3 methods were applied to a wild boar population of the Italian Apennines in 2013. We used the delta method to assess the total uncertainty of REM density estimates on the basis of the errors associated to all the parameters involved. Notably, the 3 methods tested showed consistent mean density estimates, though none of them reached fully satisfying levels of precision for management purposes. Since the low precision of REM was mostly due to the high variability of the group‐size parameter, we propose simple technical improvements aimed at reducing the variability of this parameter and, thus, of REM. Although all the methods tested still need to be further developed to be effective for wild boar management, REM seems to be the most promising one in terms of both potential precision and effort required. The limited effort required by REM is particularly relevant in the current wildlife management scenario, where funds are often lacking and the number of hunters acting as volunteers is decreasing.
Even Faster Conflicts and Lazier Reductions for String Solvers
Authors: Nötzli Andres , Reynolds Andrew , Barbosa Haniel , Barrett Clark , Tinelli Cesare 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers have been extended to support the theory of strings and regular expressions. This theory has proven to be useful in a wide range of applications in academia and industry. To accommodate the expressive nature of string constraints used in those applications, string solvers use a multi-layered architecture where extended operators are reduced to a set of core operators. These reductions, however, are often costly to reason about. In this work, we propose new techniques for eagerly discovering conflicts based on equality reasoning and lazily avoiding reductions for certain extended functions based on lightweight reasoning. We present a strategy for integrating and scheduling these techniques in a CDCL$$(T)$$

(
T
)

-based theory solver for strings and regular expressions. We implement the techniques and the strategy in cvc5, a state-of-the-art SMT solver, and show that they lead to a significant performance improvement."Image missing""Image missing"
Reasoning About Data Trees Using CHCs
Authors: Faella Marco , Parlato Gennaro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReasoning about data structures requires powerful logics supporting the combination of structural and data properties. We define a new logic called Mso-D(Monadic Second-Order logic with Data) as an extension of standard Mso on trees with predicates of the desired data logic. We also define a new class of symbolic data tree automata (Sdtas) to deal with data trees using a simple machine. Mso-D and Sdtas are both Turing-powerful, and their high expressiveness is necessary to deal with interesting data structures. We cope with undecidability by encoding Sdta executions as a system of CHCs (Constrained Horn Clauses), and solving the resulting system using off-the-shelf solvers. We also identify a fragment of Mso-D whose satisfiability can be effectively reduced to the emptiness problem for Sdtas. This fragment is very expressive since it allows us to characterize a variety of data trees from the literature, solving certain infinite-state games, etc. We implement this reduction in a prototype tool that combines an Mso decision procedure over trees (Mona) with a CHC engine (Z3), and use this tool to conduct several experiments, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach across different problem domains.
Hemiola: A DSL and Verification Tools to Guide Design and Proof of Hierarchical Cache-Coherence Protocols
Authors: Choi Joonwon , Chlipala Adam , Arvind  
Published: August 2022

AbstractCache-coherence protocols have been one of the greatest challenges in formal verification of hardware, due to their central complication of executing multiple memory-access transactions concurrently within a distributed message-passing system. In this paper, we introduce Hemiola, a framework embedded in Coq that guides the user to design protocols that never experience inconsistent interleavings while handling transactions concurrently. The framework provides a DSL, where any protocol designed in the DSL always satisfies the serializability property, allowing a user to verify the protocol assuming that transactions are executed one-at-a-time. Hemiola also provides a novel invariant proof method, for protocols designed in Hemiola, that only requires considering execution histories without interleaved memory accesses. We used Hemiola to design and prove hierarchical MSI and MESI protocols as case studies. We also demonstrated that the case-study protocols are hardware-synthesizable, by using a compilation/synthesis toolchain targeting FPGAs.
Synthesizing Fair Decision Trees via Iterative Constraint Solving
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Li Yannan , Wang Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDecision trees are increasingly used to make socially sensitive decisions, where they are expected to be both accurate and fair, but it remains a challenging task to optimize the learning algorithm for fairness in a predictable and explainable fashion. To overcome the challenge, we propose an iterative framework for choosing decision attributes, or features, at each level by formulating feature selection as a series of mixed integer optimization problems. Both fairness and accuracy requirements are encoded as numerical constraints and solved by an off-the-shelf constraint solver. As a result, the trade-off between fairness and accuracy is quantifiable. At a high level, our method can be viewed as a generalization of the entropy-based greedy search techniques such as and , and existing fair learning techniques such as and . Our experimental evaluation on six datasets, for which demographic parity is used as the fairness metric, shows that the method is significantly more effective in reducing bias than other methods while maintaining accuracy. Furthermore, compared to non-iterative constraint solving, our iterative approach is at least 10 times faster.
Sound Automation of Magic Wands
Authors: Dardinier Thibault , Parthasarathy Gaurav , Weeks Noé , Müller Peter , Summers Alexander J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe magic wand$$\mathbin {-\!\!*}$$-∗(also called separating implication) is a separation logic connective commonly used to specify properties of partial data structures, for instance during iterative traversals. Afootprintof a magic wand formula "Equation missing"is a state that, combined with any state in whichAholds, yields a state in whichBholds. The key challenge of proving a magic wand (also calledpackaginga wand) is to find such a footprint. Existing package algorithms either have a high annotation overhead or, as we show in this paper, are unsound.We present a formal framework that precisely characterises a wide design space of possible package algorithms applicable to a large class of separation logics. We prove in Isabelle/HOL that our formal framework is sound and complete, and use it to develop a novel package algorithm that offers competitive automation and is sound. Moreover, we present a novel, restricted definition of wands and prove in Isabelle/HOL that it is possible to soundly combine fractions of such wands, which is not the case for arbitrary wands. We have implemented our techniques for the Viper language, and demonstrate that they are effective in practice.
Non-topological logarithmic corrections in minimal gauged supergravity
Authors: David Marina , Godet Victor , Liu Zhihan , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compute the logarithmic correction to the entropy of asymptotically AdS4 black holes in minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity. We show that for extremal black holes the logarithmic correction computed in the near horizon geometry agrees with the result in the full geometry up to zero mode contributions, thus clarifying where the quantum degrees of freedom lie in AdS spacetimes. In contrast to flat space, we observe that the logarithmic correction for supersymmetric black holes can be non-topological in AdS as it is controlled by additional four-derivative terms other than the Euler density. The available microscopic data and results in 11d supergravity indicate that the full logarithmic correction is topological, which suggests that the topological nature of logarithmic corrections could serve as a diagnosis of whether a low-energy gravity theory admits an ultraviolet completion.
A database of Calabi-Yau orientifolds and the size of D3-tadpoles
Authors: Crinò Chiara , Quevedo Fernando , Schachner Andreas , Valandro Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The classification of 4D reflexive polytopes by Kreuzer and Skarke allows for a systematic construction of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces as fine, regular, star triangulations (FRSTs). Until now, the vastness of this geometric landscape remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we construct Calabi-Yau orientifolds from holomorphic reflection involutions of such hypersurfaces with Hodge numbers h1,1≤ 12. In particular, we compute orientifold configurations for all favourable FRSTs for h1,1≤ 7, while randomly sampling triangulations for each pair of Hodge numbers up to h1,1 = 12. We find explicit string compactifications on these orientifolded Calabi-Yaus for which the D3-charge contribution coming from Op-planes grows linearly with the number of complex structure and Kähler moduli. We further consider non-local D7-tadpole cancellation through Whitney branes. We argue that this leads to a significant enhancement of the total D3-tadpole as compared to conventional SO(8) stacks with (4 + 4) D7-branes on top of O7-planes. In particular, before turning-on worldvolume fluxes, we find that the largest D3-tadpole in this class occurs for Calabi-Yau threefolds with $$ \left({h}_{+}^{1,1},{h}_{-}^{1,2}\right) $$

h
+

1
,
1

h
−

1
,
2

= (11, 491) with D3-brane charges |QD3| = 504 for the local D7 case and |QD3| = 6, 664 for the non-local Whitney branes case, which appears to be large enough to cancel tadpoles and allow fluxes to stabilise all complex structure moduli. Our data is publicly available under the following link https://github.com/AndreasSchachner/CY_Orientifold_database.