bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation improves growth, immune response, intestinal integrity, and disease resistance of Nile Tilapia
Authors: Salem Mona Abd El-Khalek , Adawy Rawia Saad , Zaki Viola Hassan , Zahran Eman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
The current study evaluated the potential roles of incorporating Nannochloropsis oculata into the diet of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in an 8-week trial.

Methods
Dietary supplementation of N. oculata was tested at inclusion levels (0% [control], 5% [N5], and 10% [N1]) in triplicate. After the trial, comprehensive fish health indicators were evaluated.

Result
N. oculata-supplemented feed had a stimulatory effect on fish body weight, where a significant increase in final weight and specific growth rate was observed in the N10 group compared to the control. Better feed conversion was observed at N5 and N10 compared to control. Organosomatic indices were elevated significantly in the N5 group compared to the N10 and control groups. Serum lysozyme activity was significantly increased in the N10 group compared to N5 and control groups. Levels of IgM were significantly higher in N10 compared to the control and N5 groups, with no significance between the latter. Amylase activity showed a significant enhancement in N10 compared to N5. Both levels of N. oculata preserved hepatic health and antioxidant status. Light and transmission electron microscopy showed that Nile Tilapia fed N. oculata at both levels enhanced intestinal immunity, integrity, and absorptive efficiency. The protecting effect of N. oculata was confirmed against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, where cumulative mortalities were significantly decreased in N5 and N10 groups compared with the control and more in N10.

Conclusion
This work confirmed the different beneficial roles of N. oculata dietary supplementation for a Nile Tilapia balanced diet.
Reducing PTV margins for prostate SBRT with motion compensation and gating techniques
Authors: Goddard Lee , Jeong Kyoungkeun , Tang Justin , Garg Madhur , Tomé Wolfgang A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the dosimetric accuracy of prostate SBRT when motion is considered. To account for target movement, motion compensation and gating techniques were investigated with PTV margins reduced to 2 mm. To allow for dosimetric measurements a Delta4 phantom, Gafchromic film, and Hexamotion motion platform were utilized. Four motion files were utilized that represent a range of motions. Analysis of measured prostate motions for fifteen patients was performed to ensure detected motions were similar to those previously reported and motion files utilized were suitable. Five patient plans were utilized to allow for the effects of MLC and target motion interplay to be investigated. For both motion compensation and gating techniques, plans were delivered to the stationary phantom and for each of four motion types with/without compensation/gating enabled. Using a 3%, 2 mm and 80% threshold gamma criteria, film measurements had an average pass rate of 80.5% for uncorrected deliveries versus 96.0% for motion compensated deliveries. For gated techniques average pass rates increased from 89.9% for uncorrected to 94.8% with gating enabled. Measurements with the Delta4 arrays were analyzed with a 3%, 2 mm and 10% threshold dose. An average pass rate of 83.8% was measured for uncorrected motions versus 94.8% with motion compensation. For the gated technique an average pass rate of 87.2% was found for uncorrected motions versus 96.9% with gating enabled. These results show that very high gamma pass rates are achievable when motion compensation or gating techniques are applied. When target motion is not accounted for shifts up to 5 mm in planned versus delivered isodose distributions were found. However, when motion compensation, or gated techniques were applied, much smaller differences between planned and delivered isodose distributions were found. With these techniques dose delivery accuracy is greatly improved, allowing for PTV margins to be reduced.
Design of Stimuli‐Responsive Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Guangze , Gerstweiler Lukas , Thang San H. , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive peptides and proteins are an exciting class of smart biomaterials for various applications and have received significant attention over the past decades. A wide variety of stimuli such as temperature, pH, ions, enzymes, magnetic field, redox, etc., are explored. This article provides a review of five intensively studied types of stimuli‐responsive peptides and proteins, their design principles and applications, including temperature‐, pH‐, light‐, metal ion‐, and enzyme‐responsive with an emphasis on the key design concepts and switch function. Moreover, typical examples of their applications are discussed to provide a better understanding of the design concept and underlying methodology. This review will facilitate and inspire future innovation toward new peptide‐ and protein‐based materials and their diverse applications.
Self‐Healing, Photothermal‐Responsive, and Shape Memory Polyurethanes for Enhanced Mechanical Properties of 3D/4D Printed Objects
Authors: Wang Jun , Lin Xiang , Wang Runguo , Lu Yonglai , Zhang Liqun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is a promising technology that can directly fabricate structures with complex internal geometries, which is barely achieved by traditional manufacturing. However, the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐printed objects are inferior to those of conventionally manufactured products. To improve the mechanical properties of the printed products, a series of novel thermoplastic polyurethanes with self‐healing properties, intrinsic photothermal effects, and excellent printability are designed and synthesized by introducing dynamic oxime–carbamate bonds and hydrogen bonds into the polymer chains. On‐demand introduction of near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, direct heating, and sunlight irradiation enhances interfacial bonding strength and thus improve the mechanical properties of the printed product. Additionally, mechanical anisotropy of the printed products can be sophistically manipulated by regulating the self‐healing conditions. Support‐free printing and healing of damaged printed products are also achieved owing to the self‐healing properties of the material. Moreover, the as‐prepared materials exhibit shape‐memory properties NIR irradiation or direct heating effectively triggers shape‐memory recovery and demonstrates their potential in 4D printing by printing a man‐like robot. This study not only provides a facile strategy for obtaining high‐performance printed products but also broadens the potential applications of FDM technology in intelligent devices.
High‐Yield Production of Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Constant Quality Using Batch‐Refeed Cultures
Authors: Paganini Carolina , Boyce Hannah , Libort Gabriela , Arosio Paolo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe conventional manufacturing of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is characterized by low yields and batch‐to‐batch variability, hampering fundamental research on EVs and their practical applications. Perfusion operations have huge potential to address these limitations and increase the productivity and quality of EVs. In this study, perfusion cultures are simulated with batch‐refeed systems and their productivity is compared with that achieved using batch cultures. It is shown that a shift from batch to batch‐refeed system can increase the space‐time yields of a target EV subpopulation characterized by CD81 and CD63 biomarkers by threefold. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the method facilitates the consistent production of the target EVs from cells maintained under constant conditions for 13 days. These results indicate that the use of perfusion cultures is a promising strategy to increase the manufacturing yield of EVs and control the production of specific EV subpopulations with constant quality attributes, thereby improving reproducibility.
Photonic Crystal‐Integrated Optoelectronic Devices with Naked‐Eye Visualization and Digital Readout for High‐Resolution Detection of Ultratrace Analytes
Authors: Hou Yi , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Guangda , You Baihao , Xu Ying , Jiang Wenxin , Shum Ho Cheung , Pong Philip W. T. , Chen Chia‐Hung , Wang Liqiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe detection of ultratrace analytes is highly desirable for the non‐invasive monitoring of human diseases. However, a major challenge is fast, naked‐eye, high‐resolution ultratrace detection. Herein, a rectangular 3D composite photonic crystal (PC)‐based optoelectronic device is first designed that combines the sensitivity‐enhancing effects of PCs and optoelectronic devices with fast and real‐time digital monitoring. A crack‐free, centimeter‐scale, mechanically robust ellipsoidal composite PCs with sufficient hardness and modulus, even exceeding most plastics and aluminum alloys, are developed. The high mechanical strength of ellipsoidal composite PCs allows them to be hand‐machined into rectangular geometries that can be conformally covered with the centimeter‐scale flat light‐detection area without interference from ambient light, easily integrating 3D composite PC‐based optoelectronic devices. The PC‐based device's signal‐to‐noise ratio increases dramatically from original 30–40 to ≈60–70 dB. Droplets of ultratrace analytes on the device are identified by fast digital readout within seconds, with detection limits down to 5 µL, enabling rapid identification of ultratrace glucose in artificial sweat and diabetes risk. The developed 3D PC‐based sensor offers the advantages of small size, low cost, and high reliability, paving the way for wider implementation in other portable optoelectronic devices.
A Bow‐Drill Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Marine Ranching Monitoring
Authors: Li Jianping , Hu Yili , Wang Xiaoning , He Lidong , Ma Jijie , Wan Nen , Wen Jianming , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one promising method of wave energy harvesting for marine ranching monitoring. Different from previous studies with complex structures (gears, racks, worm gears, or screw‐nut), a bow‐drill structured TENG (BS‐TENG) with a simple, cheap but effective rope‐roller structure is proposed and investigated to magnify the wave motion frequency. Inspired by the bow‐drill for carpentry, the proposed structure only simply needs a rope and roller to transfer the random wave motion into regular rotary motion with higher frequency. Results show that the structure parameters (flexible paddle number NP flexible paddle length L, electrode number NE and shaft side length D) have a great influence on the working performance of the BS‐TENG. The maximum frequency magnification ration (Rm) is 74 under the condition of 130 mm wave height (Hw); the maximum output power (P) is 450 µW. Demonstration experiments verify that the BS‐TENG is able to charge the thermo‐hygrometer and light emitting diode lights for marine ranching. Combined with the Internet of Things and 5G technologies, the BS‐TENG could be applied in the offshore sensor system for the monitoring of marine ranching information.
Excitation‐Dependent and Efficient Phosphorescence Based on Benzophenone Derivatives
Authors: Gao Runqing , Cha Yongyu , Fu Hongbing , Yu Zhenyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe design of organic molecules with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and adjustable emission colors has led to the development of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, the task of generating color‐tunable luminescence originating from different excited states has achieved limited success. Here, a design strategy is presented for improving phosphorescence quantum efficiency and extending emission spectral range by introducing high luminous acenes in benzophenone derivatives. The experimental data reveal that the maximum phosphorescence efficiency of the designed molecule can reach 84% in solution and 61% in crystals, which is the most efficient benzophenone phosphor so far. Importantly, the excited states can be selectively expressed by varying the excitation wavelengths, including thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from T2 to S1 excited state, and dual phosphorescence from T2 and T1 excited states. The design strategy of using rigid acenes to suppress nonradiative transition provides an opportunity to improve phosphorescence efficiency comparable with fluorescence efficiency, presenting great potential in high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
3D Hot Spots Droplets on the MoS2/Al Hydrophobic Array Interface for SERS Quantitative and Multiplex Detection of Pesticide Residues
Authors: He Meng , Li Zhihao , Guo Yujie , Zhang Maofeng , Zhu Zhengdong , Shi Xiaoyi , Han Konghao , Huang Youju , Liu Honglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe practical application of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology for quantitative analysis still confronts the hinder of controlling the uniformity of signal and anchoring target molecules in a designed space. Herein, a facile method of devising the shrinkage of three‐dimension (3D) hot spots droplets on a hydrophobic array substrate is demonstrated for the quantitative and multiplex detection of pesticide residues by using a portable Raman spectrometer. The shrunk droplet which is consisted of the analyte solution and AgNPs sol can induce simultaneously increasing density of plasmonic hot spots and immobilizing target molecules in hot spots. Besides, the closely packed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) are anchored in the gaps of the MoS2 nanosheet array, generating uniform hotspots distribution with relative standard deviation (RSD) of about 8 %. In addition, the synergetic effects between MoS2 and AgNPs further enhance the SERS sensitivity, and thereby target molecules of 10−9 m are readily detected. Besides, the proposed strategy exhibits excellent SERS sensitivity for the analysis of pesticides down to 10−8 m. Importantly, quantitative analysis and multi‐components detection of pesticide residues on honeysuckle surface are achieved. Therefore, it is expected to be used for quantitative analysis of complex pesticide systems on real samples.
In Situ Sprayed Biotherapeutic Gel Containing Stable Microbial Communities for Efficient Anti‐Infection Treatment
Authors: Yan Jian‐Hua , Zheng Di‐Wei , Gu Hui‐Yun , Yu Yun‐Jian , Zeng Jin‐Yue , Chen Qi‐Wen , Yu Ai‐Xi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSystematic administration of antibiotics to treat infections often leads to the rapid evolution and spread of multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Here, an in situ‐formed biotherapeutic gel that controls multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections and accelerates wound healing is reported. This biotherapeutic gel is constructed by incorporating stable microbial communities (kombucha) capable of producing antimicrobial substances and organic acids into thermosensitive Pluronic F127 (polyethylene‐polypropylene glycol) solutions. Furthermore, it is found that the stable microbial communities‐based biotherapeutic gel possesses a broad antimicrobial spectrum and strong antibacterial effects in diverse pathogenic bacteria‐derived xenograft infection models, as well as in patient‐derived multidrug‐resistant bacterial xenograft infection models. The biotherapeutic gel system considerably outperforms the commercial broad‐spectrum antibacterial gel (0.1% polyaminopropyl biguanide) in pathogen removal and infected wound healing. Collectively, this biotherapeutic strategy of exploiting stable symbiotic consortiums to repel pathogens provides a paradigm for developing efficient antibacterial biomaterials and overcomes the failure of antibiotics to treat multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections.
Enhancement of Low‐k Spin‐Wave Transmission Efficiency with a Record‐High Group Velocity in YIG/Nonmagnetic Metal Heterojunctions
Authors: Xu Jiapeng , Liao Zhimin , Wang Qi , Liu Bo , Tang Xiaoli , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuanjing , Zhang Huaiwu , Jin Lichuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImprovement of transmission efficiency of spin waves in magnonic devices is crucial for high‐efficiency magnon‐based operations. However, existing techniques for enhancing spin‐wave detection signals, which either improve waveguide material quality or convert other forms of external energy into magnon energy, are still not efficient and convenient enough. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that low‐k spin waves (where k is the wavenumber) transmission efficiency can be enhanced through yttrium iron garnet (YIG) surface metallization owing to the significantly increased group velocity and low spin‐pumping efficiency at low k. Given that the shielding effect of the conductive metal on YIG increases the spin‐wave group velocity from 55 to 132 km s−1, the weak magnon‐dissipation mechanism of low‐k spin waves provides the foundation for signal enhancement. Through a detailed theoretical analysis on dispersion relations and spin‐wave amplitude, the detected signal strength is increased to 2 times for copper and 2.24 times for gold is verified. In detail the competition between the spin‐pumping effect is discussed and the enhanced group velocity is introduced by the metal decoration. This competition describes the essence of partial signal enhancement in the spin‐wave transmission spectrum. The work provides a practical way to achieve spin‐wave manipulation and low‐loss transmission.
Microscopic Segregation Dominated Nano‐Interlayer Boosts 4.5 V Cyclability and Rate Performance for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: He Wei , Ahmad Niaz , Sun Shaorui , Zhang Xiao , Ran Leguan , Shao Ruiwen , Wang Xuefeng , Yang Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo implement the growing requirement for higher energy density all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), further increasing the working voltage of LiCoO2 (LCO) is a key to breaking through the bottleneck. However, LiCoO2 severe structural degradation and side reactions at the cathode interface obstruct the development of high‐voltage sulfide‐based ASSLBs (≥4.5 V). Herein, a nano‐metric Li1.175Nb0.645Ti0.4O3 (LNTO) coated LCO cathode where microscopic Ti and Nb segregation at the interface during cycling potentially stabilizes the cathode lattice, and minimizes side reactions, simultaneously, is designed. Advanced transmission electron microscopy reveals that the stable spinel phase minimizes the micro stress at the cathode interface, avoids structure fragmentation, and hence significantly enhances the long‐term cyclic stability of LNTO@LCO @ 4.5 V. Moreover, the differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC‐STEM) visualizes the nano‐interlayer LNTO to boost Li+ migration at the cathode interface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that sulfide‐based cells with the LNTO nano‐layer effectively reduce the interfacial resistance to 140 Ω compared to LiNbO3 (235 Ω) over 100 cycles. Therefore, 4.5 V sulfide‐based ASSLBs offer gratifying long‐cycle stability (0.5 C for 1000 cycles, 88.6%), better specific capacity, and rate performance (179.8 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C, 97 mAh g–1 at 2 C).
Relationship between pore fluid velocity distribution and pore size distribution
Authors: Nguyen Vi T. , Pham Ngoc H. , Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the normalized velocity magnitude distribution and normalized pore volume distribution in different porous media with porosity between 13.5% and 85%, including sandstones, carbonates, synthetic silica, sphere packings and fiber scaffolds. It was found that both velocity magnitude and pore size follow the same distribution. These results allow the prediction of the velocity distribution in a porous medium when its pore structure is known or tuning the velocity by controlling the pore structure.
Genotype accounts for intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of multiple, sequential life‐cycle events in a willow species
Authors: Iler Amy M. , CaraDonna Paul J. , Richardson Lea K. , Wu Elizabeth T. , Fant Jeremie B. , Pfeiler Kelly C. , Freymiller Grace A. , Godfrey Kimber N. , Gorman Alexander J. , Wilson Nicholas , Whitford Malachi D. , Edmonds Grant A. , Stratton Conner , Jules Erik S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPremisePhenological variation among individuals within populations is common and has a variety of ecological and evolutionary consequences, including forming the basis for population‐level responses to environmental change. Although the timing of life‐cycle events has genetic underpinnings, whether intraspecific variation in the duration of life‐cycle events reflects genetic differences among individuals is poorly understood.MethodsWe used a common garden experiment with 10 genotypes of Salix hookeriana (coastal willow) from northern California, United States to investigate the extent to which genetic variation explains intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of multiple, sequential life‐cycle events: flowering, leaf budbreak, leaf expansion, fruiting, and fall leaf coloration. We used seven clones of each genotype, for a total of 70 individual trees.ResultsGenotype affected each sequential life‐cycle event independently and explained on average 62% of the variation in the timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive life‐cycle events. All events were significantly heritable. A single genotype tended to be “early” or “late” across life‐cycle events, but for event durations, there was no consistent response within genotypes.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates that genetic variation can be a major component underlying intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of life‐cycle events. It is often assumed that the environment affects durations, but we show that genetic factors also play a role. Because the timing and duration of events are independent of one another, our results suggest that the effects of environmental change on one event will not necessarily cascade to subsequent events.
Eminent differences in cryogenic toughness of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene with different entanglement densities
Authors: Sui Yang , Li Jiacheng , Cui Yi , Qiu Zhangjie , Wei Peng , Cong Chuanbo , Meng Xiaoyu , Zhou Qiong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is generally believed that the ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) performances are closely related to its molecular weight. However, when we sintered two brands of UHMWPE powders with similar molecular weights, GUR 4012 and GUR 400 Fine, we found they demonstrate eminent differences in cryogenic properties. Particularly, the cryogenic impact strength of GUR 4012 is 236% higher than that of GUR 400 Fine. To explain such an amazing phenomenon, we characterized UHMWPE microstructures and investigated the structure–property relations through scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray scattering diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, and dynamic mechanical analysis. We observed only a slight difference in crystallization behaviors between them, but the entanglement density of GUR 4012 is much higher than that of GUR 400 Fine. Accordingly, we put forward a potential mechanism to analyze the eminent differences in cryogenic impact strengths. This work may promote our comprehension of the relation between the structure and performances of UHMWPE, which is conducive to promoting UHMWPE performance and broadening its industrial applications.