bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Extent of Resection on the Prognosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chaulagain Dipak , Smolanka Volodymyr , Smolanka Andriy , Munakomi Sunil 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the predictor factors of mortality describing the prognosis of primary surgical resection of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).
Materials and Methods:
A systemic search was conducted from electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) from inception to 12th September 2021. All statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.4.1. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect model was used when heterogeneity was seen to pool the studies, and the result were reported in the Hazards Ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% Confidence interval (CI).
Result:
Twenty-three cohort studies were selected for meta-analysis. There was statistically significant effect of extent of resection on prognosis of surgery in GBM patients (HR= 0.90 [0.86, 0.95]; p< 0.0001; I2= 96%), male gender (HR= 1.19 [1.06, 1.34]; p= 0.002; I2= 0%) and decrease Karnofsky Performance Status (HR= 0.97 [0.95, 0.99]; p= 0.003; I2= 90%). Age and tumor volume was also analyzed in the study.
Conclusion:
The results of our meta-analysis suggested that age, gender, pre-operative KPS score and extent of resection have significant effects on the post-surgical mortality rate, therefore, these factors can be used significant predictor of mortality in GBM patients.
Les transformations de la structure financière du grand patronat tunisien
Authors: Oubenal Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Nous étudions, dans cet article, le rapport entre pouvoir politique et capital privé en Tunisie en analysant l’évolution de la structure de gouvernance financière des entreprises cotées. Pendant l'ère Ben Ali, le contrôle des patrons tunisiens se faisait par un système de sanctions avec la présence d’administrateurs centraux liés au clan Ben Ali-Trabelsi. Après le soulèvement de 2011, d'importants groupes familiaux ont profité des opportunités économiques liées à la saisie des biens du clan du président, avec une stratégie d’acquisition de positions dans le secteur financier. L'analyse du réseau montre aussi la centralité de nouveaux acteurs qui ont un profil de technocrates financiers. Classification JEL : A14, N27, Z13
Une perspective de droit économique sur les engagements volontaires des firmes en matière d’éthique et de conformité
Authors: Marty Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

Résumé : L’engagement éthique des entreprises joue-t-il effectivement sur leurs comportements et ne présente-t-il pas toutes les limites habituelles de l’autorégulation ? Les contributions présentées dans le domaine du droit du numérique et du droit de l’environnement montrent que les engagements volontaires peuvent avoir une véritable effectivité si les manquements sont sanctionnés. Cette sanction peut également procéder des parties prenantes au travers de l’atteinte portée à la réputation d’une firme dont le comportement s’écarterait de ses engagements.
Dynamic Background Subtraction in Video Surveillance Using Color-Histogram and Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm with Cosine Similarity
Authors: Yasir Maryam A. , Yossra Hussain Ali  
Published: July 2022

The background subtraction is a leading technique adopted for detecting the moving objects in video surveillance systems. Various background subtraction models have been applied to tackle different challenges in many surveillance environments.
In this paper, we propose a model of pixel-based color-histogram and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to obtain the background model using cosine similarity (CS) to measure the closeness between the current pixel and the background model and eventually determine the background and foreground pixel according to a tuned threshold. The performance of this model is benchmarked on CDnet2014 dynamic scenes dataset using statistical metrics. The results show a better performance against the state-of the art background subtraction models.
Insect pest complexes associated with wheat and canola crops in the Canadian Prairies Ecozone: pest risk in response to variable climates using bioclimatic models
Authors: Weiss R.M. , Vankosky M.A. , Olfert O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wheat, Triticum aestivum Linnaeus (Poaceae), and canola, Brassica napus Linnaeus (Brassicaceae), yield is at risk from insects, weeds, and pathogens. Insects must adapt to both seasonal and annual weather patterns and are known to respond to climate with changes in their distribution and relative abundance. Subsequently, risk to crop production also changes. Models that account for multiple species can serve to assess risk and address those risks proactively by monitoring, detecting, and managing insect pests. Bioclimatic models, developed individually for nine insect pests, were used to create a model to estimate risk to canola and wheat crops associated with the activity of multiple pest species. Once developed, the multiple-species model was used to analyse how crop risk responds to variation in temperature and precipitation across the prairies. For this analysis, we compared insect response and subsequent risk (a measure of the number of co-occurring pest species) to canola and wheat in current climate conditions and six incremental scenarios (warmer, cooler, drier, wetter, cooler and wetter, and warmer and drier). Results of the multiple-species model predict how pest complexes respond to climate conditions. The model will help increase risk awareness associated with insect pests.
Cerambycid pheromones affect catches ofPhymatodes aeneus(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) andThanasimus undatulus(Coleoptera: Cleridae) in ethanol-baited multiple-funnel traps in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America
Authors: Miller Daniel R. , Crowe Christopher M. , Dickinson Darci M. , Willhite Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 2012, we evaluated the effects of hardwood cerambycid pheromones (syn-2,3-hexanediol, 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, and 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one) on catches of bark and woodboring beetles in ethanol-baited multiple-funnel traps in two field trials in Oregon and Washington, United States of America. Catches ofPhymatodes aeneusLeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in ethanol-baited traps increased with the addition of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one lures or the 3,2-hydroxyketone lure blend (3-hydroxyhexan-2-one + 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one). Catches of the predatorThanasimus undatulus(Say) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) in ethanol-baited traps increased with the addition of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one lures but notsyn-2,3-hexanediol lures or 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one lures. The 3,2-hydroxyketone lure blend decreased catches of the corthyline ambrosia beetle,Gnathotrichus sulcatus(LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), but not the xyleborine ambrosia beetle,Xyleborinus saxesenii(Ratzeburg), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Catches ofPtilinus basalisLeConte (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) in ethanol-baited traps increased with the addition of the 3,2-hydroxyketone lure blend.
FOXM1 and β-catenin in meningiomas
Authors: Ibrahim Riham A. , Shash Lobna S. , Elgohary Shimaa A. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a recently recognized biologic marker of increased cell proliferation and poor clinical outcomes in meningiomas. Alterations of Wnt signaling pathway, involving β-catenin, is one of FOXM1 key mechanisms and plays a pivotal role in meningioma progression. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of FOXM1, β-catenin, and Ki-67 in meningiomas of different WHO grades and correlated such expression with proliferation indices and tumor recurrence. This would delineate any potential predictive/prognostic value of these markers and investigate their eligibility as targets in meningioma therapy.

Materials and methods
We studied the immunohistochemical expression of FOXM1, β-catenin, and Ki-67 in 91 meningiomas: 43 WHO grade I, 34 WHO grade II, and 14 WHO grade III meningiomas.

Results
A statistically significant higher FOXM1 expression was reported with increasing WHO meningioma grade. β-catenin expression was lower in meningiomas WHO grade II/III than WHO grade I, and a significant association between lower β-catenin expression and tumor recurrence was detected. Increased FOXM1 expression correlated with tumor recurrence probability, increased proliferation indices, and lower β-catenin expression.

Conclusion
The study highlighted the patterns of FOXM1 and β-catenin in meningiomas. There was a trend for FOXM1 upregulation in high-grade and aggressive meningiomas, suggesting its consideration as a therapeutic target in cases with poor response to current management options. We also emphasize the potential roles of β-catenin in meningioma progression and recurrence.
Stromal immunohistochemistry of the smooth muscle actin expression in indolent versus aggressive basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Said Abeer , Abdelhamied Hala , Kamel Radwa O.M. , Elsebaei Hoda 
Published: July 2022

Background
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is often locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes. Detection of aggressive BCCs at an early stage is mandatory to avoid localized destruction, which causes disabilities to patients; several factors are associated with a more aggressive clinical course. Actin, which is found exclusively in normal epithelial cells, is substantially responsible for cell motility. The actin expression of some cancers may be changed, allowing for more aggressive invasion.

Objective
To evaluate the relevance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as a BCC aggressiveness marker, regarding its expression in tumor cells as well as the surrounding stroma.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on skin biopsies that were obtained from 36 patients with BCC for routine histopathological and immunohistochemical study to evaluate the reactivity of α-SMA.

Results
The reactivity of α-SMA was noticed in 88.9% of BCC cases. Tumoral α-SMA positivity was found in 63.2% of indolent BCCs and in 76.5% of aggressive BCCs. Stromal reactivity was found in 31.6% of indolent BCC cases and in 76.5% of aggressive BCC cases. There was a statistically significant difference between the indolent and aggressive groups in terms of stromal positive α-SMA. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the indolent and aggressive groups in terms of the intensity of expression of tumoral α-SMA.

Conclusion
Our study findings suggested that stromal α-SMA expression is an accurate and reliable marker of aggressiveness in BCC.
Implication of CD74 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemical expression on epithelioid mesothelioma progression
Authors: Abou Gabal Hoda H. , Jassim Mona S. , Soliman Doaa A. , Ellithy Mahmoud A.A. , Saad Amr S. , Abd El Khalek Safaa M.M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is is one of most aggressive tumors with dismal prognosis. This poor prognosis necessitates deep understanding of different signaling pathway in order to improve prognostic prediction and therapeutic options. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74 are found to be associated with poor prognosis in mesothelioma. However, this is still not well studied. Besides, the underlying mechanism of its action is in need for more understanding. Playing on immune checkpoints as well as angiogenesis are two of its potential mechanisms of action. Serum VEGF levels is one of the highest circulating markers in mesothelioma with correlation with poor prognosis. This study aimed at evaluating the expression of VEGF and CD74 on stored retrospective 50 paraffin embedded mesothelioma specimens. In 44 out of 50 of the cases, the relationship between both markers’ expression as well as tumor response to chemotherapy Gemcitabine and platinum combination was also studied. The study also elucidated the effect of VEGF and CD74 on the progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the studied patients.

Patients and Methods
Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for VEGF and CD74. The former was scored from 0 to 3 represent the percentage of cytoplasmic positively of stained tumour cells. The latter was scored in the tumor and the stroma in a sem-iquantitative manner using the histoscore method. Then after, Both CD74 and VEGF markers were furtherly categorized into none (0)/low (1) vs medium (2)/high expression (3) for statistical purposes.

Results
Poor response to gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy was correlated with combined med/high expression of CD74-TS (P=0.03). High CD74 (T) and (S) as well as high VEGF expression were significantly correlated with short overall survival. Significant correlation is found between VEGF and each of CD74 (T) and CD74 (S) immunohistochemical expression levels.

Conclusion
High expression of CD74 T&S are inversely correlated with OS and response to Chemotherapy with Gemcytabine and cisplatin in mesothelioma patients.
Differential E-cadherin expression in helicobacter-related gastric pathology
Authors: Allithy Amal N. , Baig Habeeb A. , Darwish Anas A. , Al-Harbi Ghadeer A.M. , Alaa Edin Hala S.E. 
Published: July 2022

Background and aims
E-cadherin plays an important role in the maintenance of cell–cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression is fundamental in the development of many epithelial malignancies. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important etiological factor in the development of many gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric carcinoma. In this study, we related different histopathological findings to the absence and presence of helicobacter infection, and investigated E-cadherin expression in H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive gastritis. This study aimed to find the prevalence of H. pylori colonization in chronic gastritis patients and its association with different histomorphological changes of chronic gastritis. Also, we aimed to evaluate E-cadherin expression in chronic gastritis as a prestage in the development of gastric carcinoma, and its relation to H. pylori.

Materials and methods
In total, 40 cases of gastritis samples were obtained by endoscopy; hematoxylin and eosin staining, Giemsa stain, and E-cadherin immunostain were done; we related different histopathological findings to the absence and presence of helicobacter infection. Also, we reported the changes in E-cadherin expression in relation to histopathological findings of chronic gastritis, and investigated E-cadherin expression in H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive gastritis.

Results

H. pylori was seen in 62.5% of cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of H. pylori and increase of the severity of chronic inflammation, neutrophilic activity, and presence of glandular atrophy (P=0.05, 0.003, and 0.04), respectively. Also, there was a significant decrease in E-cadherin expression with the increase in the severity of chronic inflammation, neutrophilic activity, and presence of glandular atrophy (P=0.04, 0.05, and 0.03), respectively. A statistically significant correlation between the presence of H. pylori and decrease in E-cadherin expression was found (P=0.01).

Conclusion
In chronic gastritis, there is high prevalence of H. pylori infection and decrease in E-cadherin expression. Also, there is an increase in the severity of chronic gastritis with the increase in the prevalence of H. pylori and this is associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression, which precedes gastric carcinoma.
Predictive value of Ki67 for complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Abd El Khalek Safaa M.M. , Mohammed Mona Q.R. , Hafez Fatma S.S. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an essential therapeutic approach for patients with breast cancer, with the goal of improving pathological complete response rate (pCR) by decreasing staging and evaluating treatment response for prognostic purposes. Proliferation index estimated by Ki67 has a significant effect on tumor prognosis with a cutoff value of 30%. However, data are still insufficient about the predictive cutoff value for pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, to examine the effect of Ki67 index on the rate of pathologic response with the estimation of the proper predictive cutoff value. We also studied the correlation of the pCR rate with different prognostic histopathological parameters.

Patients and methods
The study included 84 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Baseline Ki67 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated.

Results
Overall, 25% of the patients achieved pCR. The optimal cutoff point for Ki67 was 25%. There is a significant correlation between pCR and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T stage before therapy, lymph node metastasis, and postmenopausal state. Linear regression analysis showed that Ki67 and TILs were associated with an increased rate of pCR after neoadjuvant therapy with a highly significant correlation.

Conclusion
In patients with breast cancer, Ki67 expression with a cutoff threshold of 25% could be used to predict the probability of achieving a complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. TILs are strongly associated with pCR.
Magnitude, determinants, and impact of treatment lag in West syndrome: A prospective observational study
Authors: Anbarasu Abinaya , Sahu Jitendra Kumar , Sankhyan Naveen , Singhi Pratibha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aim:
Early recognition and initiation of standard therapy are crucial for the management of West syndrome. The study aimed to assess the magnitude, potential determinants, and impact of treatment lag impact on short-term therapeutic outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
The study design was prospective, observational, and data were ascertained through personal interviews with caregivers and reviewing medical records according to a pre-structured questionnaire. We defined short-term therapeutic response as the cessation of epileptic spasms commencing within 14 days of initiation of hormonal therapy and sustained for ≥28 days.

Results:
Of 82 consecutively enrolled children with West syndrome, the median treatment lag was 90 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 110–198 days). The significant determinants of treatment lag in our study were as follows: the preexisting developmental delay, educational status of the parents, and qualification of the first practitioner visited. Our study showed that a shorter treatment lag (<1 month) was associated with a favorable cessation of epileptic spasms (85% vs. 15%; P = 0.011).

Conclusion:
We observed a significant treatment lag in children with West syndrome. The lead time to treatment emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor for short-term therapeutic response with hormonal therapy.
Primary intracranial Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in pediatric age group: A comprehensive review of literature
Authors: Elbaroody Mohammad , Abdullah Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) forms about 1% of pediatric malignancies, and primary intracranial ES is an extremely rare entity.

Materials and Methods:
We report a case of primary Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/pPNET) in the posterior temporal-occipital region with an extension down into posterior fossa managed by gross total resection (GTR), and the skull was reconstructed using a titanium mesh followed by chemotherapy and 28 sessions of radiotherapy. The child is doing well 2 years after surgery with no recurrence in the last imaging. We reviewed the literature for 74 pediatric ES/pPNET cases reported in the last quarter of the century, focussing on surgical treatment, adjuvant therapy, and reported outcomes.

Results:
Most patients (81.1%) did not develop neither recurrence nor metastasis during the follow-up, and 55 patients (74.3%) were alive and free of disease at the last follow-up, and 19 patients were dead (25.7%). The mean time of survival was 12.679 months (95% confidence interval: 9.632–15.725).

Conclusion:
Primary intracranial ES/pPNET is an extremely rare tumor in the pediatric age group. Maximum safe resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the cornerstone for the best outcome. Follow-up is recommended for the detection of recurrence or metastasis.
A Study on Behavioral Disorders, Academic Difficulties, and Parental Handling Patterns in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Sawant Neena , Vaswani Rajwanti 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Various psychiatric comorbidities have been reported in children with epilepsy (CWE), but Indian data on the same are lacking.

Aim:
This study was undertaken with the aim to find the prevalence and type of behavioral problems in CWE, academic difficulties, and parental handling patterns.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-five patients of CWE and 65 controls were recruited after ethics approval and parent consent. All children were interviewed and diagnosed for psychopathology as per ICD-10 criteria, along with Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parental handling questionnaire was used to assess the patterns of care or control among parents. Academic difficulties were assessed using open- and closed-ended questions.

Results:
Behavioral disorders were seen in 44.6% of CWE when compared with 12% of the control group. Hyperkinetic disorders were significant in CWE. Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders were not so prevalent. On Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, a significant difference was seen on domains of hyperactivity and prosocial behavior in CWE when compared with controls, whereas emotional, conduct, peer problems, and total difficulty scores revealed no significant differences in both the groups. Academic difficulties were more in CWE, although absenteeism was not seen in both the groups. Parents of CWE had significant scores on care and control domains and were more overprotective and rigid in their behaviors when compared with the control group parents.

Conclusion:
Significant behavioral disorders are seen in CWE, which entails the need to have a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and better control of symptoms. Parental awareness and appropriate parenting need to be emphasized for better prognosis in CWE.