bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transmission of bacteria from Artemia salina and Brachionus plicatilis to the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Krueger Quinton A , Shore Madisun H , Reitzel Adam M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The microbial community associated with animals (microbiome) is essential for development, physiology, and health of host organisms. A critical step to understand the assembly of microbiomes is to determine how effectively bacteria colonize and establish within the host. Bacteria commonly colonize hosts through vertical transmission, passively from the environment, or through food consumption. Using the prey feeding method (PFM), we test transmittance of Bacillus velezensis, Pseudoalteromonas spiralis, and Vibrio alginolyticus to Nematostella vectensis using two prey, Artemia salina and Brachionus plicatilis. We compare PFM to a solution uptake method (SUM) to quantify the concentration of bacteria in these host organisms, with plate counts. Larvae had a similar uptake with SUM at 6 h but had greater concentrations at 48 h versus PFM. Juveniles acquired similar concentrations at 6 h for SUM and PFM using B. plicatilis and A. salina. At 2 days, the quantity of bacteria vectored from PFM increased. After 7 days the CFUs decreased 2-fold with B. plicatilis and A. salina relative to the 2-day concentrations, and further decreased after 14 days. Therefore, prey-mediated methods provide greater microbe transplantation than SUM after 24 h, supporting this approach as a more successful inoculation method of individual bacterial species.
Impact of sedimentary basins on Green’s functions for static slip inversion
Authors: Langer Leah , Beller Stephen , Hirakawa Evan , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Earthquakes often occur in regions with complex material structure, such as sedimentary basins or mantle wedges. However, the majority of co-seismic modelling studies assume a simplified, often homogeneous elastic structure in order to expedite the process of model construction and speed up calculations. These co-seismic forward models are used to produce Green’s functions for finite-fault inversions, so any assumptions made in the forward model may introduce bias into estimated slip models. In this study, we use a synthetic model of a sedimentary basin to investigate the impact of 3-D elastic structure on forward models of co-seismic surface deformation. We find that 3-D elastic structure can cause changes in the shape of surface deformation patterns. The magnitude of this effect appears to be primarily controlled by the magnitude of contrast in material properties, rather than the sharpness of contrast, the fault orientation, the location of the fault, or the slip orientation. As examples of real-world cases, we explore the impact of 3-D elastic structure with a model of the Taipei basin in Taiwan and a simulated earthquake on the Sanchaio fault, and with a 3-D geologic model of the San Francisco Bay Area and a slip model of the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake on the Calaveras fault. Once again, we find that the presence of the basin leads to differences in the shape and amplitude of the surface deformation pattern, but we observe that the primary differences are in the magnitude of surface deformation and can be accounted for with a layered elastic structure. Our results imply that the use of homogeneous Green’s functions may lead to bias in inferred slip models in regions with sedimentary basins, so, at a minimum, a layered velocity structure should be used.
‘It’s like if a vape pen and a cigarette had a baby’: a mixed methods study of perceptions and use of IQOS among US young adults
Authors: Duan Zongshuan , Le Daisy , Ciceron Annie C , Dickey-Chasins Ruth , Wysota Christina N , Bar-Zeev Yael , Levine Hagai , Abroms Lorien C , Romm Katelyn F , Berg Carla J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYoung adults’ perceptions and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) are understudied. This mixed methods study analyzed (i) Fall 2020 survey data from 2470 US young adults (meanage = 24.67; 19.5% and 25.2% past-month cigarette and e-cigarette use; 4.1% ever HTP use) assessing HTP use intentions and perceptions (1 = not at all to 7 = extremely) and (ii) Spring 2021 interview data regarding IQOS (most widely available HTP) in a subset of 40 e-cigarette users. Among survey participants, HTPs versus cigarettes and e-cigarettes showed lower use intentions (mean = 1.27 vs. mean = 1.73, mean = 2.16) but were perceived as less addictive (mean = 5.11 vs. mean = 6.28, mean = 5.82) and harmful (mean = 5.37 vs. mean = 6.65, mean = 5.62). HTPs were perceived more socially acceptable than cigarettes but less than e-cigarettes (mean = 3.39 vs. mean = 3.13, mean = 4.37). Among interviewees, most reported limited HTP knowledge. A few perceived IQOS as a hybrid of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Most perceived IQOS as harmful but less harmful than cigarettes and were uncertain in relation to e-cigarettes. Over half reported minimal interest in trying IQOS; common reasons included IQOS containing tobacco, limited flavors and use complexity. The varied perceptions of IQOS versus cigarettes and e-cigarettes underscore the need for continued surveillance of perceptions, use and marketing of IQOS to inform regulatory oversight and potential interventions.
Challenges and Strategies for the Recruitment of Patients With Schizophrenia in a Research Setting
Authors: Deckler Elizabeth , Ferland Melissa , Brazis Stephanie , Mayer Megan R , Carlson Marlene , Kantrowitz Joshua T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
With numerous potentially novel targets and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for schizophrenia entering late-stage testing, the next decade will bring an urgent need for well-conducted clinical trials. A critically important step for the successful execution of clinical research trials is timely and appropriate recruitment of participants. Patients with schizophrenia can be especially challenging to recruit because of the disability inherent in psychotic spectrum disorders. Research on how best to recruit for clinical trials is understudied. Clearly defining a model for recruitment procedures would be valuable for researchers and, by extension, the patient populations that may benefit from the insight gained by future clinical research.

Methods
This article aims to offer suggestions for recruitment based on years of experience at the Columbia Schizophrenia Research Clinic (CSRC), a hub for clinical trials focusing on the etiology and treatment of various psychotic disorders.

Results
The present report provides practical, step-by-step recommendations for implementing the highly effective CSRC recruitment model, including the benefits of 2 recruitment initiatives that were instituted in 2018: hiring a dedicated recruiter and targeted chart reviews at affiliated clinics. Other topics discussed include our umbrella protocol and database, advertising, and tips for collaborating with external sites.

Conclusions
Despite ongoing complications from coronavirus disease 2019, these strategies have been successful, increasing the rate of both consents and study enrollments by approximately 40% and enabling the CSRC to conduct multiple studies simultaneously.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Authors: Sumi Chandra Datta , Heffernan Aaron J , Naicker Saiyuri , Cottrell Kyra , Wallis Steven C , Lipman Jeffrey , Harris Patrick N A , Sime Fekade B , Roberts Jason A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the bacterial killing and emergence of resistance of intermittent versus prolonged (extended and continuous infusions) infusion dosing regimens of piperacillin/tazobactam against two Escherichia coli clinical isolates in a dynamic hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM).

Methods
Three piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion) against a ceftriaxone-susceptible, non-ESBL-producing E. coli 44 (Ec44, MIC 2 mg/L) and six piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion; 4/0.5 g 6 hourly as 0.5 and 3 h infusions and 16/2 g/24 h continuous infusion) were simulated against a ceftriaxone-resistant, AmpC- and ESBL-producing E. coli 50 (Ec50, MIC 8 mg/L) in a HFIM over 7 days (initial inoculum ∼107 cfu/mL). Total and less-susceptible subpopulations and MICs were determined.

Results
All simulated dosing regimens against Ec44 exhibited 4 log10 of bacterial killing over 8 h without regrowth and resistance emergence throughout the experiment. For Ec50, there was the initial bacterial killing of 4 log10 followed by regrowth to 1011 cfu/mL within 24 h against all simulated dosing regimens, and the MICs for resistant subpopulations exceeded 256 mg/L at 72 h.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that, for critically ill patients, conventional intermittent infusion, or prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam may suppress resistant subpopulations of non-ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates. However, intermittent, or prolonged infusions may not suppress the resistant subpopulations of AmpC- and ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates. More studies are required to confirm these findings.
Optimal ceftazidime/avibactam dosing exposure against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Tam Vincent H , Merlau Paul R , Hudson Cole S , Kline Ellen G , Eales Brianna M , Smith James , Sofjan Amelia K , Shields Ryan K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are considered urgent public health threats and often treated with a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination. However, clinical treatment failure and resistance emergence have been attributed to inadequate dosing. We used a novel framework to provide insights of optimal dosing exposure of ceftazidime/avibactam.

Methods
Seven clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing different KPC variants were examined. Ceftazidime susceptibility (MIC) was determined by broth dilution using escalating concentrations of avibactam. The observed MICs were characterized as response to avibactam concentrations using an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. Using the best-fit parameter values, %fT&gt;MICi was estimated for various dosing regimens of ceftazidime/avibactam. A hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) was subsequently used to ascertain the effectiveness of selected regimens over 120 h. The drug exposure threshold associated with bacterial suppression was identified by recursive partitioning.

Results
In all scenarios, ceftazidime MIC reductions were well characterized with increasing avibactam concentrations. In HFIM, bacterial regrowth over time correlated with emergence of resistance. Overall, suppression of bacterial regrowth was associated with %fT&gt;MICi ≥ 76.1% (100% versus 18.2%; P &lt; 0.001). Using our framework, the optimal drug exposure could be achieved with ceftazidime/avibactam 2.5 g every 12 h in 5 out of 7 isolates. Furthermore, ceftazidime/avibactam 2.5 g every 8 h can suppress an isolate deemed resistant based on conventional susceptibility testing method.

Conclusions
An optimal drug exposure to suppress KPC-producing bacteria was identified. The novel framework is informative and may be used to guide optimal dosing of other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Further in vivo investigations are warranted.
Development and implementation of a clinical decision support system tool for the evaluation of suspected monkeypox infection
Authors: Albin John S , Lazarus Jacob E , Hysell Kristen M , Rubins David M , Germaine Lindsay , Dugdale Caitlin M , Heller Howard M , Hohmann Elizabeth L , Baugh Joshua J , Shenoy Erica S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Monkeypox virus was historically rare outside of West and Central Africa until the current 2022 global outbreak, which has required clinicians to be alert to identify individuals with possible monkeypox, institute isolation, and take appropriate next steps in evaluation and management. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS), which have been shown to improve adherence to clinical guidelines, can support frontline clinicians in applying the most current evaluation and management guidance in the setting of an emerging infectious disease outbreak when those guidelines are evolving over time. Here, we describe the rapid development and implementation of a CDSS tool embedded in the electronic health record to guide frontline clinicians in the diagnostic evaluation of monkeypox infection and triage patients with potential monkeypox infection to individualized infectious disease physician review. We also present data on the initial performance of this tool in a large integrated healthcare system.
An efficient 3D wave-equation pre-stack time migration for high-density and wide-azimuth data
Authors: Zhao Shengtian , Feng Bo , Tang Xianggong , Shang Xinmin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The sharp increase in data size of the high-density and wide-azimuth seismic acquisition makes seismic processing routines very challenging. To reduce the turn-around time of pre-stack time migration (PSTM) for large-scale field data (terra to petabyte size), we present an efficient wave-equation PSTM that is an approximate version of the double-square-root (DSR) migration for moderate lateral velocity variation. By converting the DSR dispersion relation into the vertical-time domain and ignoring an offset-dip term, a novel common-offset ray parameter wave-equation PSTM is developed. Meanwhile, the common-offset ray parameter data (i.e. offset plane waves) can be formed by applying the linear Radon transform to the common middle point CMP) gathers. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the conventional Radon transform, we integrate the Radon transform result over azimuth, yielding azimuth-independent offset plane waves that are well suited to irregular sampling and uneven offset distribution. Furthermore, the split-step Fourier method is introduced to extrapolate the wavefield efficiently. Since the pre-stack migration of common-offset ray parameter data is migrated independently, the common image gathers (CIGs) can be generated naturally by sorting the migrated sections by ray parameters. A 3D high-density field data test demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, making it very promising for industrial-sized data processing.
Chronic abdominal pain leads to discovery of congenital anomaly
Authors: Uddin Fahad K , Sampson Lorenzo K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 43-year-old female with no history of a cholecystectomy presented with chronic right sided abdominal pain that became worse after fatty food intake. This led to an extensive workup for gallbladder disease for the patient’s source of her pain. She had an initial ultrasound, which showed a collapsed gallbladder around gallstones, which signified chronic cholecystitis. This was confirmed with a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan with Choletec and morphine as there was no visualization of the gallbladder. Due to the patient’s persistent abdominal pain with associated symptoms and radiographic evidence of cholecystitis, she was taken to the operating theater for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the absence of a gallbladder was discovered. The goal of this clinical case report is to highlight this rare anomaly and how it presents in a clinical setting.
Successful management of a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis from soft tissue (gluteal) abscess
Authors: Chen Natalie , Chalam K V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Endophthalmitis, an ophthalmic emergency carries poor visual prognosis without prompt diagnosis and treatment. Endophthalmitis is often exogenous and rarely endogenous. In this report, we describe a rare case of bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent 51-year-old patient due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus septicemia from a gluteal abscess. Ultrasonography confirmed endogenous endophthalmitis. The patient was treated with immediate intravitreal antibiotic injections, prolonged intravenous antibiotics in association with pars plana vitrectomy, retinal detachment repair and vitreous debris removal. Successful treatment was confirmed with negative blood cultures and a clear vitreous on b-scan ultrasound and fundus photography with improvement of his visual acuity. This case highlights the importance of consideration of rare infectious foci as etiology and prompts treatment for successful resolution of endogenous endophthalmitis.
Numerical implementation of the Cubic Galileon model in pinocchio
Authors: Song Yanling , Moretti Chiara , Monaco Pierluigi , Hu Bin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a perturbative treatment of non-linear galaxy clustering in the context of the cubic Galileon modified gravity model, in terms of second-order Lagrangian Perturbation theory and an extension of ellipsoidal collapse that includes Vainshtein screening. We numerically implement such prescriptions in the approximate pinocchio code, and use it to generate realizations of the matter density field and halo catalogues with different prescriptions for ellipsoidal collapse. We investigate the impact of three different approximations in the computation of collapse times on the halo mass function, halo bias, and matter power spectrum. In the halo mass function, both the modified gravity effect and the screening effect are significant in the high-mass end, similar to what is found for other MG models. We perform a comparison with N-body simulations to assess the validity of our approach, and show that we can reproduce the same trend observed in simulations for all quantities considered. With a simple modification to the grouping algorithm of pinocchio to take into account the gravity modification, and without the need to re-calibrate the algorithm, we show that we can reproduce the linear halo bias and the mildly non-linear matter power spectrum of simulations with good accuracy, especially for the implementation with Vainshtein screening. We stress that, while approximate, our method is orders of magnitude faster than a full N-body simulation, making it an optimal tool for the quick generation of large sets of halo catalogues for cosmological observables.
Analysis of spin directions of galaxies in the DESI Legacy Survey
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The DESI Legacy Survey is a digital sky survey with a large footprint compared to other Earth-based surveys, covering both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This paper shows the distribution of the spin directions of spiral galaxies imaged by DESI Legacy Survey. A
simple analysis of dividing nearly 1.3 × 106 spiral galaxies into two hemispheres shows a higher number of galaxies spinning counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere, and a higher number of galaxies spinning clockwise in the Southern hemisphere. That distribution is consistent with previous observations, but uses a far larger number of galaxies and a larger footprint. The larger footprint allows a comprehensive analysis without the need to fit the distribution into an a priori model, making this study different from all previous analyses of this kind. Fitting the spin directions of the galaxies to cosine dependence shows a dipole axis alignment with probability of P &lt; 10−5. The analysis is done with a trivial selection of the galaxies, as well as simple explainable annotation algorithm that does not make use of any form of machine learning, deep learning, or pattern recognition. While further work will be required, these results are aligned with previous studies suggesting the possibility of a large-scale alignment of galaxy angular momentum.
Nanocatalytic bacteria disintegration reverses immunosuppression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jiang Han , Guo Yuedong , Yu Zhiguo , Hu Ping , Shi Jianlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTumor-associated bacteria (TAB) play a critically important role in regulating the microenvironment of a tumor, which consequently greatly deteriorates the therapeutic effects by chemo- and radiotherapy deactivation and, more considerably, leads to substantial immunosuppression. On the contrary, herein we propose a nanocatalytic tumor-immunotherapeutic modality based on the bacteria disintegration by bacteria-specific oxidative damage under magnetic hyperthermia for highly effective immune response activation-promoted tumor regression. A monodispersed and superparamagnetic nanocatalytic medicine modified by arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) and (3-carboxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP), named as MNP-RGD-TPP herein, has been synthesized, which features selective accumulation at the TAB by the electrostatic affinity, enabling effective TAB disintegration by the nanocatalytic Fenton reaction producing abundant cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals in situ under alternating magnetic field-induced hyperthermia. More importantly, the lipopolysaccharide has been metabolically secreted from the destructed TAB as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to M1-polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) for innate immuno-response activation of TAMs, followed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes awakening under the PAMPs presentation by the mature DCs against tumor cells. The integrated innate and adaptive immunity activations based on this TAB-promoted nanocatalytic immunomedicine, instead of magnetic heating-induced hyperthermia or the released Fe2+/Fe3+ Fenton agent, has been found to achieve excellent therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic colorectal cancer model, demonstrating the great potential of such an integrated immunity strategy in clinical tumor immunotherapy.
Identification and semisynthesis of (−)-anisomelic acid as oral agent against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
Authors: Yu Hai-Xin , Zheng Nan , Yeh Chi-Tai , Lee Chien-Ming , Zhang Qi , Zheng Wen-Lv , Chang Qing , Li Yuan-He , Li Yu-Jun , Wu Gui-Zhen , Quan Jun-Min , Zhang Lin-Qi , Tzeng Yew-Min , Yang Zhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
(−)-Anisomelic acid, isolated from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze (Labiatae) leaves, is a macrocyclic cembranolide with a trans-fused α-methylene-γ-lactone motif. Anisomelic acid effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced cytopathic effects with an EC50 of 1.1 and 4.3 μM, respectively. Challenge studies of SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice showed that oral administration of anisomelic acid and subcutaneous dosing of remdesivir can both reduce the viral titers in the lung tissue at the same level. To facilitate drug discovery, we used a semisynthetic approach to shorten the project timelines. The enantioselective semisynthesis of anisomelic acid from the naturally enriched and commercially available starting material (+)-costunolide was achieved in five steps with a 27% overall yield. The developed chemistry provides opportunities for developing anisomelic-acid-based novel ligands for selectively targeting proteins involved in viral infections.