bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of clinical practice guidelines on interventional management of low back pain: A systematic review
Authors: Olivier Timothy J. , Baltich Nelson Becky , Pham Tri , Trivedi Kavita , Patel Ankit , Sharma G. Sunny , Konda Chaitanya , Annaswamy Thiru M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo appraise the quality of low back pain (LBP) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) that include interventional management recommendations and to associate their quality with characteristics including publication year and creating organization.TypeSystematic Review.Literature SurveyLBP (subacute or chronic) CPGs in English (symptom based, governmental or professional society created, January 1990‐May 2020) were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ortho Guidelines, CPG Infobase, ECRI, Guidelines International Network, NICE, and SIGN.MethodologyIn this third order systematic review, search results were deduplicated, title and abstract screened by two independent reviewers, and full texts reviewed by four reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Resulted CPGs were appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) Tool by four appraisers each. Association of their quality with creating organization, geographical region, and year of creation was calculated.SynthesisSeven hundred fourteen screened documents resulted in 21 final CPGs. On appraisal, average overall CPG quality was 5.2 (range 2.5‐6.75). Domain 5 (applicability) had the lowest average (44%) and domain 4 (clarity of presentation) had the highest average score (82%). For overall recommendation, 16 received “yes” or “yes with modifications,” six received unanimous “yes” and two unanimous “no” votes. The interrater agreement of domain scoring was excellent (0.8‐1.0; p < .001). There was no association found between quality of CPG and (1) year of publication (R2 = 0.0006), (2) whether the CPG was updated or new (p = .17), and (3) region of publication (p = .37).ConclusionsThe majority of the 21 CPGs identified in this systematic review were of high quality, but overall quality and recommendation ratings were variable. The quality of appraised CPGs showed no association with their characteristics. Some domains such as “applicability” scored uniformly lower, revealing opportunity for improvement in future CPG development. LBP CPGs should be scrutinized before adopting their recommendations.
Robotic assistance is technically superior to conventional laparoscopy in hemicolectomies
Authors: Ngu James Chi‐Yong , Teo Nan‐Zun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAn objective assessment of robotic assistance in hemicolectomies.BackgroundRobotic assistance has been objectively shown to be superior to conventional laparoscopy in anterior resections. This follow‐up study analyzes the role of robotics in hemicolectomies.MethodsOperative videos of laparoscopic and robotic hemicolectomies were reviewed. Only oncological resections were included. Two components were evaluated – scope holder performance and assistant instrument performance.ResultsA total of 40 videos were reviewed. The cases were stratified in equal numbers based on method of surgery (robotic, laparoscopic), type of hemicolectomy (right, left), and seniority of the bedside assistant (specialist, non‐specialist). The views achieved in robotic surgery were superior and less dependent on the bedside assistant. The degree of assistance provided by the robotic system was also more than that in the conventional laparoscopic group.ConclusionsRobotics provides superior visualization and more dynamic assistance than conventional laparoscopy in hemicolectomies. This study demonstrates the technical advantage of robotic assistance, but not necessarily a superiority in clinical outcome.
Resilient and robust control for event‐triggered uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems against stochastic cyber attacks
Authors: Xu Yihao , Zhang Baihai , Chai Senchun , Wang Yanqian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the problem of event‐based resilient and robust control for semi‐Markov jump systems (S‐MJSs) under stochastic cyber attacks. It is assumed that the uncertain S‐MJS is threaten by stochastic cyber attacks characterized by two different functions. To save the resource of bandwidth limited network, the dynamic event‐triggered (DET) scheme is adopted to reduce the total number of released data through the transmission channel. In addition, the actuator fault, the signal quantization, and the asynchronous phenomenon of the controller are taken into consideration simultaneously, which makes the analysis and synthesis more practical. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the stochastic stability of the system with a predefined performance. Then the co‐design of resilient controller gains and weighting matrices of the DET scheme is presented in terms of a group of feasible LMIs. Finally, simulation examples are given to validate the proposed method.
Development and validation of models for two‐week mortality of inpatients with COVID‐19 infection: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Markazi Moghaddam Nader , Kheyrati Leila 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecognizing COVID‐19 patients at a greater risk of mortality assists medical staff to identify who benefits from more serious care. We developed and validated prediction models for two‐week mortality of inpatients with COVID‐19 infection based on clinical predictors. A prospective cohort study was started in February 2020 and is still continuing. In total, 57,705 inpatients with both a positive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction test and positive chest CT findings for COVID‐19 were included. The outcome was mortality within 2 weeks of admission. Three prognostic models were developed for young, adult, and senior patients. Data from the capital province (Tehran) of Iran were used for validation, and data from all other provinces were used for development of the models. The model Young, was well‐fitted to the data (p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.697, C‐statistics = 0.88) and the models Adult (p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.340, C‐statistics = 0.70) and Senior (p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.208, C‐statistics = 0.68) were also significant. Intubation, saturated O2 < 93%, impaired consciousness, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cancer treatment were major risk factors. Elderly people were at greater risk of mortality. Young patients with a history of blood hypertension, vomiting, and fever; and adults with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease had more mortality risk. Young people with myalgia; and adult patients with nausea, anorexia, and headache showed less risk of mortality than others.
Fetal neurosonography at 31–35 weeks reveals altered cortical development in pre‐eclampsia with and without small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus
Authors: Basso A. , Youssef L. , Nakaki A. , Paules C. , Miranda J. , Casu G. , Salazar L. , Gratacos E. , Eixarch E. , Crispi F. , Crovetto F. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the pattern of fetal cortical development in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia (PE), with and without a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetus, compared to uncomplicated pregnancies.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study including singleton pregnancies complicated by normotensive SGA (birth weight < 10th centile) (n = 77), PE with an appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetus (n = 76) or PE with a SGA fetus (n = 67), and 128 uncomplicated pregnancies (normotensive AGA) matched by gestational age at ultrasound. All pregnancies underwent detailed neurosonography, using a transabdominal and transvaginal approach, at 31–35 weeks' gestation to assess the depth of the insula, Sylvian fissure, parieto‐occipital sulcus, cingulate sulcus and calcarine sulcus. All measurements were adjusted for biparietal diameter (BPD). In addition, a grading score of cortical development was assigned to each brain structure, ranging from Grade 0 (no development) to Grade 5 (maximum development). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted.ResultsSimilar to findings in previous studies, normotensive pregnancies with a SGA fetus showed significant differences in cortical development compared with controls, with reduced Sylvian fissure depth adjusted for BPD (14.5 ± 2.4 vs 16.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.001) and increased insula depth adjusted for BPD (33.2 ± 2.0 vs 31.8 ± 2.0; P < 0.001). Interestingly, a similar cortical development pattern was observed in PE pregnancies with a SGA fetus and in PE pregnancies with an AGA fetus, manifested by reduced Sylvian fissure depth adjusted for BPD (14.2 ± 2.3 and 14.3 ± 2.3 vs 16.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.001 for both) and greater insula depth adjusted for BPD (33.2 ± 2.1 and 32.8 ± 1.7 vs 31.8 ± 2.0; P < 0.001 for both) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in parieto‐occipital, cingulate sulcus or calcarine sulcus depth across the study groups. The Sylvian fissure was scored as Grade 4 in significantly more (93.2% vs 59.5%) and as Grade 5 in significantly fewer (2.7% vs 37.3%) PE pregnancies with an AGA fetus compared with controls (P < 0.05 for both). These differences remained significant even after statistical adjustment for potential confounders, including ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, nulliparity, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, assisted reproductive technologies, smoking and fetal gender, with the application of Benjamini–Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsPE with or without SGA is associated with a differential fetal cortical development pattern which is similar to that described previously in small fetuses. Future research is warranted to elucidate better the mechanism(s) underlying these changes. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Combinational application of metal–organic frameworks‐based nanozyme and nucleic acid delivery in cancer therapy
Authors: Ni Dongqi , Lin Jinhui , Zhang Nuozi , Li Shilin , Xue Yueguang , Wang Ziyao , Liu Qianglin , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie , Zhao Yuliang , Chen Chunying , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of nanotechnology has generated numerous ideas for cancer treatment, and a wide variety of relevant nanoparticle platforms have been reported. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated as an anti‐cancer drug delivery vehicle owing to their unique porous hybrid structure, biocompatibility, structural tunability, and multi‐functionality. MOF materials with catalytic activity, known as nanozymes, have applications in photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy. Nucleic acids have also attracted increasing research attention owing to their programmability, ease of synthesis, and versatility. A variety of functional DNAs and RNAs have been applied both therapeutically (gene‐targeting drugs for cancer treatment) and nontherapeutically (used as modified materials to enhance the therapeutic effects of other nanomedicines). The combined use of MOFs and functional nucleic acids have been extensively investigated and has been associated with excellent tumor‐suppressor activity in various treatment methods. In this review, we summarize the progress in the research and development of tumor therapy based on MOFs and nucleic acid delivery over recent years, focusing on the combinational use of different delivery and design strategies for MOF/therapeutic nucleic acid platforms. We further summarize the strategies for combining MOFs (universal carrier, functional carrier) and nucleic acids (therapeutic nucleic acids, nontherapeutic nucleic acids) and discuss the corresponding therapeutic effects in cancer treatment.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
The influence of welfare and bonds with animals on the job satisfaction of felid keepers in North America
Authors: DeSmet Annabel , Ogle Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study set out to examine the perceptions of felid welfare in zoos and elucidate the factors that influence an individual animal care professional's acceptance and recognition of welfare. A total of 121 felid keepers employed in an Association of Zoos & Aquariums facility were included in analysis. Results demonstrate job satisfaction is directly linked to access to training on welfare topics. The relationship between job satisfaction and the fulfillment of the Five Freedoms is positively correlated. Additionally, overall job satisfaction does not appear to influence the bond with felids, but it does with other zoo animals. Those with lower reported job satisfaction demonstrate an overall lower bond with nonfelids, where this not observed in felids. Participants in this study demonstrate the direct connection between job satisfaction and perceived fulfillment of the Five Freedoms. Participants who were provided access to training and information on animal welfare often demonstrated a higher job satisfaction, more positive perception of their employer, and overall view of zoos meeting the Five Freedoms with captive felids.
The “Sustainability Doctrine” in Donor-Driven Maternal Health Programs in Tanzania
Authors: Marten Meredith G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrengthening health systems to provide equitable, sustainable health care has been identified as essential for improving maternal and reproductive health. Many donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have contributed to undermining health system strengthening, however, through adhering to what Swidler and Watkins call the “sustainability doctrine,” policies that prioritize time-limited, targeted interventions best suited for short-term funding streams, rather than the long-term needs of local populations. This chapter presents ethnographic data from semi-structured and key informant interviews with 16 policymakers and NGO directors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 2011 to 2012. I illustrate how sustainability doctrine policies were put into practice, and how they have persisted, despite their shortcomings, using examples of donor-prioritized maternal healthcare initiatives in Tanzania rolled-out several years apart: prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) programs in the late 2000s, and more recent efforts to implement respectful maternity care (RMC) programs. I focus on several issues informants identified as crippling efforts to build strong health systems, particularly the internal brain drain of healthcare workers from the public sector to higher-paying NGO jobs, and the prioritization of types of programs donors believed could be sustained after the funding period ended, specifically trainings and workshops. I describe how despite these issues, international organizations still design and implement less effective programs that often fail to account for local circumstances in their efforts to solve some of the more intractable health issues facing Tanzania today, in particular, the country’s stagnating maternal mortality rate. In this chapter, I argue that practices promoted and implemented under the guise of “sustainability” in policy papers and reports generated by donors paradoxically contribute to health system precarity in Tanzania.
Note on the asymptotic structure of Kerr-Schild form
Authors: Mao Pujian , Zhao Weicheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Kerr-Schild form provides a natural way of realizing the classical double copy that relates exact solutions in general relativity to exact solutions in gauge theory. In this paper, we examine the asymptotic structure of Kerr-Schild form. In Newman-Unti gauge, we find a generic solution space satisfying the Kerr-Schild form in series expansion around null infinity. The news function in the solution space is chiral and can not lead to a mass loss formula. A class of asymptotically flat complex pp-wave solutions in closed form is obtained from the solution space.
Hepatitis-B-Impfstoffe – Geschichte, Erfolge, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Gerlich Wolfram H. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie ersten Impfversuche gegen das Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) erfolgten 1970, noch bevor die Natur des dafür verwendeten „Australia-Antigens“ bekannt war. Bald darauf wurde dieses Antigen als Hüllprotein des HBV erkannt (HBV Surface Antigen, HBsAg), dann aus HBV-haltigem Plasma gereinigt und später gentechnisch in Hefezellen hergestellt. Die hohe Wirksamkeit des HBsAg-Impfstoffs wurde vielfach bewiesen, insbesondere bei Neugeborenen von HBV-infizierten Müttern, die sonst fast immer chronische HBV-Träger werden. Auch bei älteren Kindern und Erwachsenen schützt die Impfung und wird seit 1984 weltweit angewendet, was zu einer ungefähr 10-fachen Abnahme der HBV-Infektionen bei den Geimpften geführt hat.Es gibt dennoch verschiedene Herausforderungen bei der Hepatitis-B-Impfung. Bei Neugeborenen von hochvirämischen Müttern kann die Impfung versagen. Bei verringerter Immunkompetenz kann die Bildung schützender Antikörper ausbleiben, aber auch bei Risikofaktoren wie höherem Alter, Rauchen oder Übergewicht. Frühe Impfstudien belegten, dass Impfstoffe mit dem HBsAg-Subtyp adw2 auch gegen HBV mit anderen HBsAg-Subtypen schützen, neuere Beobachtungen zeigen aber, dass die Schutzwirkung gegen heterologe Subtypen schwächer ist. Gelegentlich werden auch Escape-Mutationen beobachtet.Die meisten jetzigen Impfstoffe beruhen auf dem Kenntnisstand vor 40 Jahren und könnten wesentlich verbessert werden. Eine Einbeziehung der bislang fehlenden PräS-Domänen der HBV-Hülle in die Impfstoffe würde die wichtigsten schützenden T‑ und B‑Zellepitope einbringen. Die Expression in Säugerzellkulturen verbessert die native Faltung der neutralisierenden HBsAg-Epitope und die Verwendung von regional vorherrschenden HBsAg-Subtypen würde die Schutzwirkung erhöhen. Optimale Adjuvanzien oder Epitopträger könnten die Immunogenität auch für eine HBV-Immuntherapie steigern.
Frequent FGFR1 hotspot alterations in driver-unknown low-grade glioma and mixed neuronal-glial tumors
Authors: Engelhardt Sophie , Behling Felix , Beschorner Rudi , Eckert Franziska , Kohlhof Patricia , Tatagiba Marcos , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Schuhmann Martin U. , Ebinger Martin , Schittenhelm Jens 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Low-grade gliomas (LGG) and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (MNGT) show frequent MAPK pathway alterations. Oncogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) tyrosinase kinase domain has been reported in brain tumors of various histologies. We sought to determine the frequency of FGFR1 hotspot mutations N546 and K656 in driver-unknown LGG/MNGT and examined FGFR1 immunohistochemistry as a potential tool to detect those alterations.

Methods
We analyzed 476 LGG/MNGT tumors for KIAA-1549-BRAF fusion, IDH1/2, TERT promotor, NF1, H3F3A and the remaining cases for FGFR1 mutation frequency and correlated FGFR1 immunohistochemistry in 106 cases.

Results
368 of 476 LGG/MNGT tumors contained non-FGFR1 alterations. We identified 9 FGFR1 p.N546K and 4 FGFR1 p.K656E mutations among the 108 remaining driver-unknown samples. Five tumors were classified as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), 4 as pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and 3 as rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT). FGFR1 mutations were associated with oligodendroglia-like cells, but not with age or tumor location. FGFR1 immunohistochemical expression was observed in 92 cases. FGFR1 immunoreactivity score was higher in PA and DNT compared to diffuse astrocytoma, but no correlation between FGFR1 mutation in tumors and FGFR1 expression level was observed.

Conclusion
FGFR1 hotspot mutations are the fifth most prevailing alteration in LGG/MNGT. Performing FGFR1 sequencing analysis in driver-unknown low-grade brain tumors could yield up to 12% FGFR1 N546/K656 mutant cases.
Reliability of televisits for patients with mild relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Toscano Simona , Patti Francesco , Chisari Clara Grazia , Arena Sebastiano , Finocchiaro Chiara , Schillaci Carmela Elita , Zappia Mario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence of the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine (TM) for the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been provided recently. However, some doubts persist about the accuracy of neurological examinations performed remotely.

Objectives
This study investigated the reliability of neurological evaluations performed through TM in mild MS patients as compared with standard in-person visits.

Methods
In total, 76 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 3.5 were consecutively recruited. Of them, 40 patients (52.6%) accepted to undergo both in-person and TM evaluations with independent examiners within 48 h. We alternatively asked patients to assure or not the presence of a caregiver during TM visits. A satisfaction questionnaire was administered to all participants.

Results
The inter-rater agreement attributed by two independent neurologists during TM visit was high (κ > 0.80) for EDSS and Functional Systems (FS) scores. Moderate agreement between TM and in-person evaluations emerged for pyramidal (κ = 0.57; p < 0.001), brainstem (κ = 0.57; p < 0.001), bowel and bladder (κ = 0.54; p < 0.001) and sensory (κ = 0.51; p < 0.001) FS scores, higher in patients providing the support of a caregiver. A good reliability was reported for EDSS scores computed during remote and in-person visits (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.91; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Despite the complexity of neurological examination, TM could be useful in monitoring MS patients with low disability.
Gay Dating App Users Support and Utilize Sexual Health Features on Apps
Authors: Hecht Jennifer , Zlotorzynska Maria , Sanchez Travis H. , Wohlfeiler Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMen who have sex with men (MSM) frequently meet sex partners through dating apps. Research has demonstrated an association between app use and greater number of sex partners and STIs, but dating apps also pose an opportunity for intervention. By advocating for sexual health features on dating apps, Building Healthy Online Communities (BHOC) aims to increase communication about sexual health among app users. In partnership with Emory University, BHOC added questions to an annual survey of MSM. The questions assessed awareness and uptake of profile fields and sexual health features on the dating apps. Among survey participants, 67% (6737/10,129) reported using dating apps to meet a partner in the past year. Among this group, 77% (4993/6525) reported awareness of sexual health features. 61% of app users (2866/4721) who were aware of them reported using one or more sexual health features. BHOC continues to advocate for increased uptake of these features.