bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence
Authors: Mainka Moritz , Summerauer Laura , Wasner Daniel , Garland Gina , Griepentrog Marco , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Doetterl Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A central question in carbon research is how
stabilization mechanisms in soil change over time with soil development and
how this is reflected in qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM).
To address this matter, we assessed the influence of soil geochemistry on
bulk SOM composition along a soil chronosequence in California, USA, spanning
3 million years. This was done by combining data on soil mineralogy and
texture from previous studies with additional measurements on total carbon
(C), stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N), and
spectral information derived from diffuse reflectance infrared
Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). To assess qualitative shifts in
bulk SOM, we analysed the peak areas of simple plant-derived (S-POM),
complex plant-derived (C-POM), and predominantly microbial-derived organic matter (OM; MOM) and their changes in abundance across soils with several millennia
to millions of years of weathering and soil development. We observed that
SOM became increasingly stabilized and microbial-derived (lower C : N ratio,
increasing δ13C and δ15N) as soil weathering
progressed. Peak areas of S-POM (i.e. aliphatic root exudates) did not
change over time, while peak areas of C-POM (lignin) and MOM (components of
microbial cell walls (amides, quinones, and ketones)) increased over time
and depth and were closely related to clay content and pedogenic iron
oxides. Hence, our study suggests that with progressing soil development,
SOM composition co-varied with changes in the mineral matrix. Our study
indicates that structurally more complex OM compounds (C-POM, MOM) play an
increasingly important role in soil carbon stabilization mechanisms as the
mineral soil matrix becomes increasingly weathered.
Fish availability and marketing system at Ashuganj Upazila, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh
Authors: SAFIULLAH MD. , ISLAM MD. JAHIDUL , FAGUN IFTEKHAR AHMED 
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted to identify the fish availability and fish marketing system in different markets of Ashuganj upazila under Brahmanbaria district. Data were collected from fish retailers, wholesalers and consumers of three different markets namely Ashuganj Bazar, Ferryghat Bazar and Khariyala Bazar through individual interviews and focus group discussion. The maximum 19 species were found in Ashuganj Bazar while 16 species were found in Ferryghat Bazar and 14 species were found in Khariyala Bazar. The species composition included 36% Catfishes, 15.33% SIS, 11.33% Ilish, 6.66% Thai pangas, 6% Prawn and Shrimp, 6% Marine fish, 6% Carps, 5% Tilapia and 2.33% Thai koi. The daily average gross profit of fish retailers in Ashuganj Bazar, Ferryghat Bazar and Khariyala Bazar were estimated as Tk. 550/day, Tk. 500/day and Tk. 480/day respectively. The results showed that 62% of the retailers have improved their socio-economic condition through fish selling. A number of constraints such as lack of storage facilities, poor supply of ice, exploitation by middleman, lack of money and lack of infrastructure were reported by the retailers.
A Prototype of Phase Lock Loop System on Communication Device for Motorcycle Riders
Authors: Silalahi Lukman Medriavin 
Published: March 2022

In recent years, technology has developed rapidly, particularly technology in The telecommunication sector. As the electronic sector has been developing, as well as the increasing number of motorcycle riders and its communities, the authors are interested in designing an assistive device for motorcycle drivers. This device is designed as an additional communication tool for the coordination between the drivers. For communication, it is necessary to create a communication system without interfering with other riders. Therefore, the authors are motivated to design " a prototype of a phase lock loop system on a communication device for motorcycle riders". Using radio frequency as a media, this device aid motorcycle riders to communicate with each other. In this research, the authors design and implement the prototype regarding its ability to receive communication through helmet having a lock loop phase system. The main aim of the research is creating a device that can be used as an alternative communication device for motorcycle riders which is economical and provide convenient communication and coordination between riders without causing any disturbances and hazards.
Keywords: Radio Frequency, Transmitter Block, Receiver Block, Communication, PLL System.
SIKAP MAHASISWA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET SEBAGAI MEDIA BELAJAR
Authors: Alamsyah Aam , Harjono Supangat 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa sikap sejumlah mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan internet sebagai media belajar mandiri selama masa pandemi. Responden yang diteliti merupakan mahasiswa aktif semester dua dari sebuah universitas swasta di Tangerang. Sebagaimana kajian sikap pada umumnya, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan tindakan para mahasiswa tersebut dalam memanfaatkan media internet untuk mendukung kegiatan belajar mandirinya.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode campuran. Dengan metode ini, responden diberikan angket terlebih dahulu untuk dijawab dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan wawancara singkat pada responden yang ditunjuk secara acak. Pemilihan responden untuk diwawancara didasarkan pada keterkaitan dan pentingnya jawaban yang diberikan dalam mendukung temuan penelitian ini. Semua kegiatan dilakukan dengan mengikuti protokol menjaga jarak yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, penyebaran angket dilakukan melalui media google form yang dilanjutkan dengan sesi wawancara textual melalui media WA.
Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya para mahasiswa memiliki sikap negatif terhadap proses pembelajaran melalui internet. Walau mengganggap internet sebagai media yang penting, mereka cenderung menganggap bahwa proses belajar melalui internet dianggap lebih sulit daripada proses belajar biasa. Secara keseluruhan mahasiswa juga menganggap bahwa proses pembelajaran tatap muka lebih diminati karena dapat membantu mereka memahami materi-materi yang sifatnya lebih rumit. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa peran dosen tidak dapat digantikan oleh media internet. Terlepas dari manfaat internet dalam memberikan sumber-sumber belajar yang cukup menarik, para mahasiswa tetap berkeyakinan bahwa peran dosen sangatlah penting dalam menunjang motivasi dan kepercayaan diri mereka. Tema-tema wawancara menegaskan bahwa mereka masih tetap bertanya pada dosen ketika mereka telah selesai menyelesaikan tugas, meminta konfirmasi tentang prosedur pengerjaan tugas, ataupun mengungkapkan permasalahan yang dihadapi seputar kegiatan belajar mandiri mereka.
Keywords: Sikap, Mahasiswa, Menggunakan, Internet, Media Belajar
Optimization of treatment for women with infertility
Authors: Zafarjanovna Kurbaniyazova Madina , Niyetbayevna Bekbauliyeva Gulistan , Rakhimbayevna Saparbayeva Nasiba , Tulibayevna Ruzmetova Dilfuza , Pirzhanova Ibraimova Nargisa 
Published: March 2022

Annotation. Up to 20-25% of women with PCOS are resistant to clomiphene citrate. The aim of the study is to optimize the baseline ovarian response in clomiphene-resistant women to ovulation induction with minimal drug costs. Materials and methods of research: the study included 40 clomiphene-resistant women with PCOS. For women in group I, we used clomiphene citrate 100mg + human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)37.5 IU / day. Group II received only HMG 37.5 using a low dose escalating protocol. The use of this protocol enables monofollicular growth and a decrease in the risk of multiple pregnancies and, in turn, is the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation. The results of the study showed that in group I compared with group II, the frequency of ovulation was significantly higher (60% versus 35%). Conclusions. The combined administration of CC + HMG in clomiphene-resistant women with PCOS compared to the use of HMG alone, gives higher ovulation rates and lower financial costs.
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Bosewellia Serrata extract loaded transferosomal gel for treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Kumar Pola Kranthi , Rada Santosh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The main objective of the current research work was to formulate and evaluate Bosewellia serrata extract loaded transferosomal topical gels. To overcome the drawbacks associated with oral administration of Bosewellia serrata extract in Osteoarthritis treatment. Methodology: Transferosomes were developed using different ratios of Phospholipon® 90G as phospholipid, Span-60 as surfactant and cholesterol as fluidity buffer. The selected best formulation of transferosomes was further optimized as a topical gel using different rate controlling polymers such as hydroxylethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and, carbopol. Transcutol P was used as a penetration enhancer. In vitro diffusion studies of developed formulations were carried out using Franz diffusion cell apparatus. Results: Formulation BT10 prepared with 2:1 ratio of drug to total lipid, 2:1 ratio of surfactant to total lipid and 3:1 ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol was selected as optimized transferosomes. Further transferosomal gel was formulated by trial and error method, where different polymers considered as gelling agents. Transcutol HP and glycerol used as penetration enhancer and bodying agent respectively. Among the twelve formulations, BG11 (Carbopol 971 in 0.75% w/w) was chosen as the best formulation due to controlled invitro release of the drug with very good viscosity and spreadabilty.
Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar sejarah kebudayaan Islam dengan menggunakan metode role playing
Authors: Aisyah Siti 
Published: March 2022

Dunia pendidikan mengalami perkembangan dalam mewujudkan generasi muda yang mampu menghadapi globalisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan metode Role Playing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar sejarah kebudayaan islam pada siswa kelas V SDN SN Karang Mekar 1 Kota Banjarmasin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research). Hasil penelitian menunjukan dimana kondisi awal (pra siklus) siswa yang nilainya diatas Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 75 sebanyak 10 siswa atau 44% dan nilai yang dibawah KKM sebanyak 13 siswa atau 56%. Pada siklus I siswa yang nilainya diatas KKM sebanyak 14 siswa atau 61% dan nilai yang dibawah KKM sebanyak 9 siswa atau 39%. Pada siklus II siswa yang nilainya diatas KKM sebanyak 19 siswa atau 83% dan nilai yang dibawah KKM sebanyak 4 siswa atau 17%. Kenaikan Hasil belajar tersebut juga dapat meningkatkan nilai rata-rata kelas. Nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat dari sebelum menggunakan metode Role Playing sebesar 72 pada siklus I menjadi 73 dan pada siklus II menjadi 81. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di SDN SN Karang Melar 1 Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur Kota Banjarmasin, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Role Playing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran PAI khususnya pada materi Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada siswa kelas V di SDN SN Karang Mekar 1 Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur Kota Banjarmasin Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
Peningkatan hasil belajar fisika pada materi keseimbangan benda melalui diskusi kelompok secara daring siswa kelas XI IPA-5
Authors: Yono Yono 
Published: March 2022

Rendahnya hasil belajar matapelajaran fisik pada materi kesimbangan benda merupakan masalah utama dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar matapelajaran fisika materi keseimbangan benda melalui diskusi kelompok secara daring siswa kelas XI IPA-5. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan mengikuti tahap perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA-5 SMAN 1 Lumajang Jawa Timur yang terdiri dari 33 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes tertulis, analisis data menggunakan diskriptif kuanlitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tes awal dari 33 siswa dengan nilai lebih dari dan sama dengan KKM sejumlah 8 siswa(24%), siklus I dari 33 siswa dengan nilai lebih dari dan sama dengan KKM sejumlah 15 siswa (45%), dan siklus II dari 33 siswa dengan nilai lebih dari dan sama dengan KKM sejumlah 22 siswa(67%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode diskusi kelompok secara daring dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika pada materi keseimbangan benda Kelas XI IPA-5 semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 di SMA Negeri 1 Lumajang.
Delegation of Rulemaking Power to European Standards Organizations: Reconsidered
Authors: Medzmariashvili Megi 
Published: March 2022

The concerns about the legality of delegation of rule-making power to standards bodies have long been raised in academic circles. The common ground of criticism is based on the Meroni doctrine, and the view that co-regulation via standardization falls short of Meroni requirements, particularly, is not restrained with administrative and judicial control. The present submission reconsiders the delegation debate in light of the recent developments at the legislative level, i.e. adoption of Regulation 1025/2012, and in case law, namely the ESMA and James Elliott cases. It argues that the current changes leave room for viewing delegation to European standards bodies as lawful if constrained by a judicial review. In turn, the James Elliott case creates an opportunity to establish the CJEU’s jurisdiction over harmonized European standards and to ensure legal accountability.
New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Authors: Dautova Tatiana N. 
Published: March 2022

The present paper records two new species of deep-sea soft corals, Heteropolypus annae sp. nov. and H. roseus sp. nov., from the area of the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk, Northwest Pacific. Distinctive characters for each new species are provided and depicted with scanning electron microscopy imaging. The present finding of previously undescribed species emphasizes the need for further surveys, particularly in deeper waters in the area to improve knowledge of the deep-sea Octocorallia fauna in the Far East seas. The distribution of species of Heteropolypus in the temperate Northwest Pacific and their taxonomy characters are discussed based on the published literature and own data. A modified diagnosis of the genus is proposed.
Utilisation of Emergency Contraception among Final Year University Female Students
Authors: Ti-enkawol Nachinab Gilbert , Nyagre Yakong Vida , Pwamang Edwina , Apawo Awe Cynthia , Alowri Freda 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion have become serious public health concerns around the world, particularly among female students in both developed and developing countries. The general objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of emergency contraception among final-year female students of a public university in Ghana.
Methods: A stratified random sample was used to enroll 199 female university students for descriptive cross-sectional research. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. To compare categorical variables, Chi-square analysis was employed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Majority (88.4%) of the respondents demonstrated sufficient knowledge, and 84.4% had a favorable attitude towards emergency contraceptives (ECs). On the indications for EC; after unprotected sex (65.3%), after a missed period (22.6%), when one is raped (83.4%), unwanted pregnancy (75.9%), and rupture of condoms (88.9%) were identified. The majority (59.3%) of students have used EC, with most of the students (43.7%) using Postinor-2. The overall attitude towards EC and Residence (X2=7.5; p=0.023), Religion (X2=6.2; p=0.042), and marital status (X2=17.1, p=0.001) were statistically significant. There was a significant association between the use of EC and Residence (X2=10.9; p=0.004) and marital status (X2=8.6; p=0.035).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that students had a high level of knowledge and favourable attitude towards EC, with a significant number of the respondents likely to utilize it in the future. This may aid in the treatment of female students' sexual and reproductive health issues and prevent dropping out of school as a result of unwanted pregnancy. Also, there is the need to engage opinion leaders to address their concerns to allow for the effective utilization of emergency contraceptives.
Pt|Cu Bimetallic Stratiform Nanocrystal Cluster Hierarchical Frameworks: Robust Catalyst for Hydrolyzing Ammonia Borane to Generate Hydrogen
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Mao Binglong , Zhang Jun , Liu Quanxing , Li Xiang , Song Kexing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA modified Galvani substitution protocol is proposed to fabricate serial Pt|Cu nanocrystals for hydrolyzing ammonia borane to generate H2 gas. The as‐fabricated Pt|Cu spheroidal nanocrystals with mean size of 75 nm hold porously hierarchical waxberry‐shaped appearance, with more subtle Pt grain cladding on Cu nanospheres to build the nanocrystal cluster frameworks. The lower Pt/Cu molar ratios result in the formation of a razor‐thin sublayer of Pt‐Cu alloy at the bimetallic interface; for the higher Pt/Cu molar ratios, no alloy phase forms, also without formation of probable oxides. The synergic effect contributes to the electron enrichment around Pt, helping to furnish more active sites. The catalytic ability increases with rising of Pt/Cu molar ratios; the Pt|Cu‐0.75 unfolds the abnormality even overtopping Pt NPs, with a turnover frequency value of 78.36 mol (H2)·min–1·(mol Pt)–1 and apparent activation energy of 32.89 kJ·mol–1. The catalytic hydrolytic reaction at the lower temperatures (298, 303 K) is identified as a first‐order reaction, while it belongs to second‐order reaction under the higher temperatures (308, 313, 318 K). The Pt|Cu‐0.75 nanocrystals express satisfactory stability with only 14% loss of the catalytic activity after 5‐time services, and excellent catalytic selectivity with no deleterious gas detected.
High‐Efficiency Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Antifogging and Frost‐Resisting Fluorescent Polymers: Adding Multiple Functions for Sustained Performance
Authors: Corsini Francesca , Rizzini Chiara Maria , Botta Chiara , Turri Stefano , Griffini Gianmarco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are light‐management devices able to harvest and downshift sunlight, making it available to edge‐coupled photovoltaic cells for light‐to‐electricity conversion. When operating in real‐life outdoor scenarios, LSCs can be exposed to humid/freezing environments which may yield fogging and frosting, ultimately resulting in detrimental performance decay owing to reduced photon absorption and photon trapping efficiency within the waveguide. To address this issue, the first demonstration of an antifogging/frost‐resisting highly efficient thin‐film LSC is presented in this work, based on a tailored semi‐interpenetrating polymer network serving as the host matrix material, where the antifogging behavior is imparted by the simultaneous presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in the macromolecular structure, whereas the fluorescent response is achieved via the incorporation of a coumarin‐functionalized methacrylic monomer. By judicious selection and compositional tuning of an additional luminescent guest dopant with excellent spectral match with the fluorescent host matrix, highly efficient (≈98%) energy transfer is achieved. Optimized LSC devices exhibit external and internal photon efficiencies as high as 3.96% and 34.79%, respectively. In addition, persistent and reproducible antifogging/frost‐resisting functionality is demonstrated during aggressive aging tests under UV‐light, with preserved fluorescence emission and prolonged and sustained device efficiency.
Near‐Infrared Fluorophores Based on Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes: From Their Synthesis and Photophysical Properties to Recent Optical Sensing and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Medeiros Natália G. , Braga Cláudia A. , Câmara Viktor S. , Duarte Rodrigo C. , Rodembusch Fabiano S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes diverse synthetic methodologies to prepare a wide range of heptamethine cyanine dyes, including symmetrical, unsymmetrical, and meso‐substituted derivatives, and their photophysical properties and uses. Their sensing applications are also discussed, considering the nature of their electronic structures and photophysical properties. The optical sensing applications of these compounds can be potentially expanded via structural modification, broadening their absorption amplitude and spectral emission range from the ultraviolet to near‐infrared (NIR) region. In this review, several recent practical applications of the heptamethine cyanine dyes for ion and small molecule sensing, as well as bioimaging, are covered and discussed.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Difluoromethylative Heteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Ru , Li Lei , Bu Xiubin , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Wang He 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed three‐component difluoromethylative heteroarylation of unactivated alkenes is reported. This reaction provides a highly efficient and chemo‐selective method for the synthesis of difluoroalkyl‐containing quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones by the formation of two new C‐C bonds in single step from readily available starting materials under mild reaction conditions. This three‐component reaction displays a synthetic simplicity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibilities. The preliminary mechanistic investigation implies that a radical process was responsible for this three‐component transformation.
Touchspinning: Mechanically drawing polyacrylonitrile nanofibers
Authors: Coleman Brennan F. , Street Reva M. , Fitzsimons Thomas , Schauer Caroline L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrospinning is the predominant method of polymer nanofiber production, though the technique is fraught with challenges. Mechanical drawing of nanofibers is a more facile method, but most research in this area produces a small quantity of fibers, unsuitable for scale‐up applications. The touchspinner, a new device made for continuous cold‐drawing of nanofibers, has the potential to produce fiber mats comparable to electrospinning in efficiency but with fewer drawbacks. Initial studies have been performed to characterize the effect of controllable parameters on produced nanofibers. Model polymer polyacrylonitrile was spun out of N,N‐dimethylformamide into nanofibrous mats via touchspinning while varying the main process controls: solution pump speed, touchspinner rotation speed, and polymer concentration in solution. Nanofibers produced from various combinations of these parameters varied in size from 60 to 3000 nm, and optimal spinning parameters resulted in efficient production of highly aligned nanofibers. Of the three processing controls polymer concentration, and to a lesser degree rotation speed, had the highest impact on the resulting fiber diameters.