bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic effect of ApoL1r in bovine epithelial kidney cells as an alternative treatment for Trypanosoma spp. in cattle. RH: ApoL1 effect in cattle kidney
Authors: Jaramillo-Delgado Ingrid Lorena , Agudelo-Florez Piedad , Ruiz-Buitrago Jhon Didier 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ApoL 1 has been considered as a good alternative to Trypanosoma spp treatment but is also related to kidney cytotoxicity in some mammals. The cytotoxic effect of the recombinant ApoL1 (ApoL1r) protein on bovine renal epithelial cells was evaluated in vitro. This cytotoxic effect led to an up to 50% decrease in cell viability. These results were comparable to those obtained through positive damage control (MM8 at 200 and 250 ug/ml). It was determined that the ApoL1r protein could not be used in experimental animal models, specifically in cattle, due to the loss of cell viability that was generated.
Molecular Genetic and Taxonomical Relationship among Selected Setaria Species using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR's) and Microsatellite (SSRs) Markers
Authors: Ramesh Palakurthi , Yugandhar Poli , Juturu Vijaya Naresh , Mallikarjuna Gunti , Kumar Buchanapalli Sunil , Reddy Puli Chandra Obul , Reddy A. Madhusudhana , Reddy C. V Chandra Mohan , SEKHAR AKILA CHANDRA 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Foxtail millet is small diploid (2n = 2x = 18), one of the oldest domesticated, self-compatible, C4 Panicoid cereal grains in Eurasia. Change in climatic conditions, ecological degradation, overexploitaion, and commercial cultivation has led to the genetic loss of landraces as well wild relatives of cultivated crops. Established genetic relations among the species are prerequisites for their future breeding programs to improve cultivars. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conserve plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture. Keeping in view, we collected seven different species of Setaria that include S. italica, S. viridis, S. sphacelata S. pumila, S. glauca, S. verticillata, and S. intermedia from Andhra Pradesh, India. The specimens were examined for species identification and taxonomically described. In the present study, the trait "awn" was used as a key taxonomic character for the differentiation of two species viz., S. verticillata and S. intermedia. Earlier S. intermedia was merged in S. verticillata. We observed tremendous variation in phenotypic traits among weedy, wild, landrace, and cultivars of Setaria germplasm, indicating potential genotypic variation. To confirm the genetic variation, the selected Setaria sps were genotyped through ISSR and SSR genetic markers. The average number of amplicons amplified for ISSR and SSR markers was 3.75 and 2.45 alleles per locus, respectively. The Polymorphic information content (PIC) and Shannon information index (I) for ISSR and SSR markers had an average value of 0.34, 0.34, and 0.46, 0.58, respectively. Gene flow among seven Setaria species was relatively high (Nm > − 1.0). Two-way cluster analysis separated 12 accessions into two significant clusters using combined marker systems and agreed with Principal coordinate analysis. An Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) confirms that a substantial genetic variation among seven Setaria species. Morphological cluster analysis was almost similar to molecular cluster analysis.
Development of New Donepezil Analogues: Synthesis, Biological Screening and In Silico Study Rational
Authors: mahmoud ZeinabMahmoud , Sayed Hadeer S. , Mohamed Lamia W. , Mohamed Khaled O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fifteen new benzothiophene-based compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable AChE inhibitory activity and effectively inhibited self-mediated β-amyloid protein in vitro. Compound 3g (IC50 = 72.488 ± 3.69 µM) showed a significant β-amyloid inhibitory effect exceeding that of donepezil (IC50 = 87.414 ± 4.46 µM). Furthermore, compound 3j (IC50 = 0.498 ± 0.02 µM) showed the best inhibitory activity comparable to that of donepezil (IC50 = 0.404 ± 0.03µM). The in vivo evaluation of the promising compounds (3g and 3j) confirmed a significant memory improvement in scopolamine-induced memory impairment model in mice. The molecular docking simulation of compounds 3g and 3j in Torpedo californica-AChE (TcAChE) active site showed a good agreement with the obtained screening results. The in silico ADMET and other physicochemical parameters were also reported.
Hydrogen bonding propagated phase separation in quasi-epitaxial single crystals: a Pd-Br molecular insulator
Authors: Yoshida Takefumi , Takaishi Shinya , Guérin Laurent , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Kawano Masaki , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Okamoto Hiroshi , Kato Kenichi , Takata Masaki , Hosomi Yuka , Yoshida Shoji , Shigekawa Hidemi , Tanaka Hisaaki , Kuroda Shin-ichi , Iguchi Hiroaki , Breedlove Brian , Li Zhao-Yang , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In condensed matter, phase separation is strongly related to ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, electron correlation, and crystallography. These ferroics are important for nano-electronic devices such as non-volatile memory. However, the quantitative information regarding the lattice (atomic) structure at the border of phase separation is unclear in many cases. Thus, to design electronic devices on the molecular level, a quantitative relationship must be established between the lattice and the electrons. Herein, we elucidated a PdII–PdIV/PdIII–PdIII phase transition and phase separation mechanism for [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 (cptn = 1R,2R-diaminocyclopentane), propagated through a hydrogen-bonding network. Although the Pd···Pd distance was used to determine the electronic state, the differences in the Pd···Pd distance and the optical gap between Mott–Hubbard (MH) and charge-density-wave (CDW) states were only 0.012 Å and 0.17 eV, respectively. The N–H···Br···H–N hydrogen-bonding network functioned as a jack, adjusting the structural difference dynamically, and allowing visible ferroelastic phase transition/separation in a fluctuating N2 gas flow. In addition, the effect of the phase separation on the spin susceptibility and electrical conductivity were clarified to represent the quasi-epitaxial crystals among CDW–MH states. These results indicate that the phase transitions and separations could be controlled via modifications at the atomic and molecular levels, such as the addition of hydrogen bonding.
Attributes of easy kernel removal in some Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes using path analysis
Authors: Sharifani M. Mehdi , Keramatlou Issa , Sabouri Hossein 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted to find the most significant variables affecting easy removal and color of the kernel in Persian walnut. Twenty-six botanical traits and fruit characteristics were employed to select fourteen walnut genotypes for analysis. Results of simple correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlation of ease of kernel removal and color with female bloom date, apex shape of nut, kernel shrivel and shell strength. On the other hand, nut shape and husk thickness indicated negative significant correlation with easy removal of the kernel and its color. Stepwise regression was applied to eliminate the effects of non-contributing characters and characters with low impact on ease of kernel removal and its color. The ease of kernel removal was significant in relation with shell strength, leaf width, female bloom date and shape of apex, with a coefficient of determination of 94%. Kernel color showed association with kernel shrivel, husk thickness and shell strength with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. Path analysis revealed highest positive direct effect of shell strength on ease of kernel removal. Comparison of direct and indirect effects on kernel color, indicated the highest negative direct effect was related to kernel shrivel on kernel color. Comprehending the relation between nut and kernel traits would be an appropriate guide for breeder to improve kernel quality in walnut.
The Content of the Concept "Mass" and the Law of Mass Conservation in the Phenomena of the Macro- and Microworld
Authors: Khachatur Kirakosyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The regularities of motion of physical bodies are formed by the addition of two components: the longitudinal, considered in traditional physics as the only form of manifestation of motion, and the transverse component - always with the closed curvilinear trajectory. It is with the characteristics of the transverse component of the motion that the content of the concept of "mass" is related. From the proposed definitions of mass and energy, it follows that their equivalence is caused by the unity of their dimensionless components. The doublets of particles are separated, which are the carriers of mass-energy, the invariance of the number and potential of which is caused by the law of conservation of mass-energy. The oscillation of the mass of neutrino formations is considered taking into account the degree of compression of the environment for their production and research. One of the reasons for the violation of the law of conservation of mass with a constant number of composite particles is a temporal change in the order of the internal organization of particles. This phenomenon is related to the cosmological redshift, mutual removal of cosmological objects; it is assumed the presence of relation with dark energy.
Mental health literacy of Chinese nurses from general and psychiatric hospital: a multi-centered survey
Authors: Wang Anni , Jia Shoumei , Shi Zhongying , Sun Xiaoming , Zhu Yuan , Shen Miaoli , Tang Dayu , Chen Xizhu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the level of mental health literacy (MHL) among Chinese nurses, identifying the influential factors and exploring the relationship between mental health literacy and mental health status. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 777 nurses in 13 general hospitals and 12 psychiatric hospitals using the Mental Health Literacy Scale-Chinese version, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, and a demographic questionnaire, with stratified cluster sampling method employed. The total score on the Mental Health Literacy Scale-Chinese version among the nurses was 93.25 (SD = 10.52). Psychiatric nurses had higher levels of core MHL with more knowledge of mental disorders, higher ability to seek professional help, as well as recognize mental illness than nurses in general hospitals did, while they also had a lower level of acceptance of patients with mental illness. A multiple regression analysis revealed that nurses who have fewer depressive symptoms, being unmarried or divorced, with more education or higher professional titles had higher levels of core MHL, and that those nurses with longer work duration had lower acceptance of patients with mental illness. Therefore, the mental health literacy of Chinese nurses is moderate to low, and more mental health education programs or actions emphasizing knowledge, ability, recognition, and especially acceptance need to be implemented to improve the mental health literacy of nurses, with more focus on core MHL for general nurses and social acceptance for psychiatric nurses. Nurses with more depressive symptoms, less education, lower professional titles, longer work duration, and being married should be the given more attention in promotion programs.
Impact of the Temperature on the Interactions Between Common Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain and the Human ACE2
Authors: Forest-Nault Catherine , Koyuturk Izel , Gaudreault Jimmy , Pelletier Alex , L’Abbé Denis , Cass Brian , Bisson Louis , Burlacu Alina , Delafosse Laurence , Stuible Matthew , Henry Olivier , Crescenzo Gregory , Durocher Yves 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Several key mutations in the Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) have been identified to influence its affinity for the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we perform a comparative study of the ACE2 binding to the wild type (Wuhan) RBD and some of its variants: Alpha B.1.1.7, Beta B.1.351, Delta B.1.617.2, Kappa B.1.617.1, B.1.1.7+L452R and Omicron B.1.1.529. Using a coiled-coil mediated tethering approach of ACE2 in a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay, we measured interactions at different temperatures. Binding experiments at 10°C enhanced the kinetic dissimilarities between the RBD variants and allowed a proper fit to a Langmuir 1:1 model with high accuracy and reproducibility. The Omicron RBD variant has the highest affinity for ACE2, followed by the Alpha (N501Y) and Beta (K417N, E484K, N501Y) variants. However, variants with the L452R mutation, i.e. the B.1.1.7+L452R (L452R, N501Y; which we called AlphaP), Delta (L452R, T478K) and Kappa (L452R, E484Q) showed faster kinetics resulting in significatively lower affinities compared to the other variants. Our study emphasizes the importance of SPR-based assay parameters in the acquisition of quality data and offers a powerful tool to deepen our understanding of the role of the various RBD mutations in ACE2 interaction binding parameters.
Machine Learning Validation of Numerical Method Based Computational Analysis of Cysts and Malignant Tumors in Breast
Authors: Aziz Rabia Musheer , Makrariya Akshara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tumor is an abnormal tissue which can be appeared at any part of the body. It can be classified to either benign or malignant. One of the most common women's tumors that infest the breast. Various benign disorders like development of cysts in woman’s breast occur due to hormonal changes and are at the risk of becoming malignant. A number of thermal models are reported to differentiate between normal and malignant tissues of breast. But no thermal model is reported in study the effect of benign disorders on the literature to distinguish between benign and malignant disorders in woman’s breast. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the thermal disturbances caused by cysts and malignant tumors in the fat tissues of woman’s breast. The model is developed for a two-dimensional steady state case using penne’s bio heat equation and incorporating parameters like thermal conductivity, blood mass flow rate and self-controlled metabolic heat generation. The appropriate adiabatic boundary conditions have been framed for various environmental conditions. The finite element method has been employed to obtain the solution. The results have been obtained for different sizes of spherical shaped cysts and different depth of tissues in hemispherical shaped woman’s breast. The relation of size and position of the cysts have been studied with the thermal distribution in various tissues layers of the woman’s breast. The comparison of thermal profiles for cysts and malignant tumors in woman’s breast has been performed. A contrast in thermal behavior of cyst and malignant tumor in woman’s breast is observed which can be useful to distinguish between the malignant tumor and cyst in woman’s breast to prevent false positive test for malignant tumor. Accordingly, this study found that there are various factors that could affect the cancer classification and prediction. Therefore in this study, Breast cancer data classification have been done using three classification techniques which are Artifical Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) in order to improve the performance of the model trained the model with selected features according to the analysis done.
Quantifying groundwater phosphorus flux to rivers in a typical agricultural watershed in eastern China
Authors: Pan Zheqi , Hu Minpeng , Shen Hong , Wu Hao , Zhou Jia , Wu Kaibin , Chen Dingjiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that groundwater can contain high dissolved phosphorus (P) concentrations, thereby contributing as a potential pollution source for surface waters. However, limited quantitative knowledge is available concerning groundwater P fluxes to rivers. Based on monthly hydrochemical monitoring data for rivers and groundwater in 2017-2020, this study combined baseflow separation methods and a load apportionment model (LAM) to quantify contributions from point sources, surface runoff and groundwater/subsurface runoff to riverine P pollution in a typical agricultural watershed of eastern China. In the studied Shuanggang River, most total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) concentrations exceeded targeted water quality standards (i.e., TP ≤ 0.2 mg P L-1, DP ≤ 0.05 mg P L-1), with DP (76 ± 20%) being the major riverine P form. Observed DP concentrations in groundwater were generally higher than those of river waters. There was a strong correlation between river and groundwater P concentrations, implying that groundwater might be a considerable P pollution source to rivers. The nonlinear reservoir algorithm estimated that baseflow/groundwater contributed 66-68% of monthly riverine water discharge on average, which was consistent with results estimated by an isotope-based sine-wave fitting method. The LAM incorporating point sources, surface runoff and groundwater effectively predicted daily riverine TP (calibration: R2 = 0.76-0.82, NSE = 0.61-0.77; validation: R2 = 0.88-0.98, NSE = 0.54-0.64) and DP loads (calibration: R2 = 0.73-0.84, NSE = 0.67-0.72; validation: R2 = 0.88-0.97, NSE = 0.56-0.83). The LAM estimated point source, surface runoff and groundwater contributions to riverine loads were 15-18%, 14-35% and 46-70% for TP loads, and 7-9%, 10-32% and 59-82% for DP loads, respectively. Groundwater was the dominant riverine P source due to long-term accumulation of P from excess fertilizer and farmyard manure applications. The developed methodology provides an alternative method for quantifying P pollution loads from point sources, surface runoff and groundwater to rivers. This study highlights the importance of controlling groundwater P pollution from agricultural lands to address riverine water quality objectives, and further implies that decreasing fertilizer P application rates and utilizing legacy soil P for crop uptake are required to reduce groundwater P loads to rivers.
Instruction of Molecular Structure Similarity and Scaffolds of Drugs Used in Ebola Virus Treatment by Atom Pair and Scaffold Network Graph Algorithm: a Combination of Favipiravir and Molnupiravir
Authors: Gider Veysel , Budak Cafer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Drug-drug similarities play a very important role in modern medicine, chemistry, and biology. Having in-depth knowledge of the therapeutic structures of drugs aids wet laboratory work and can greatly improve drug research and development efficiency. Many computational methods have been developed for the analysis of such drug similarities. One of the diseases studied for treatment in this area is the Ebola virus. The Ebola virus is a deadly pathogen. Although many researchers around the world have made various efforts on this deadly pathogen, the mortality rate is quite high. Computational approaches are considered to be very useful for antiviral drug discovery. Developing specific antiviral drugs is expensive and takes a long time. By providing an opportunity for the rapid deployment of effective therapeutics, reusing FDA-approved drugs could provide treatments with known preclinical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicity profiles that can enter clinical trials rapidly. The approach in this study is the idea that the combination of drugs may be more effective for the treatment of Ebola due to their similarities and similarities of drugs approved for Ebola, unlike previous studies. For this reason, similarity analyzes of drugs approved for the treatment of the Ebola virus or investigated in clinical studies were performed with the Atom Pair fingerprint algorithm. Then, molecule and infrastructure molecular scaffolds of the drugs selected according to this similar result were created with Scaffold Network Graph (SNG) algorithms and drug structures were analyzed. Public databases (PubChem, DrugBank) and drugs published in the literature for the treatment of Ebola were used for analysis. The molecular, molecular infrastructure and core structures of the drugs that show the most similarity to the FDA approved drugs, which were analyzed with the Scaffold Network Graph algorithm, are shown graphically. When these results were evaluated, it was seen that a combination of Favipiravir, which has also been used in previous outbreaks, and Molnupiravir, which is currently the first approved oral drug candidate for COVID-19, could be effective in the treatment of Ebola. We also think that knowing the chemical structure similarities of drugs currently used to develop other drugs or drug combinations, their inhibitors, and the core structure or structures in drug molecules that are effective against the Ebola virus will be beneficial for chemists.
Neuroimaging characteristics and genetic correlations in pediatric mitochondrial disorders: a cohort study from China
Authors: Hu Chaoping , Shen Jin , Shi Yiyun , Yu Lifei , Li Xihua , Zhao Lei , Zhou Shuizhen , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Mitochondrial disorders present with high clinical, genetic and neuroimaging heterogeneity. The spectrum of neuroimaging characteristics expanded fast based on the expanding of molecular etiologies. Methods In this study, we retrospectively recruited a cohort of primary pediatric mitochondrial disorder patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis. The clinical presentation, brain CT/MRI data, genetic results and biological dysfunction were collected and reviewed.Results Seventy-seven patients were enrolled, including 54 patients with mtDNA (70.1%) and 23 patients with nDNA mutations (29.9%). The most common MRI findings were deep nuclei lesion (65.1%), brain atrophy (50.0%), cortical and subcortical white matter lesion (36.4%), deep white matter lesion (30.3%), and diffused cerebral atrophy (10.6%). Overall lesion in diffused deep white matter was more common in nDNA-mutated patients (p=0.0365). Deep nuclei lesion was observed most frequently in patients with mutations in MT-ATP6, MT-ND6, and NDUFAF5 genes, while cortical/subcortical white matter lesion was common in patients with MT-TL1 gene, mtDNA large-scale deletion, or NDUFAF5 gene defects. The most common MRI finding in patients with m.3243A>G mutation was simultaneous cortical/subcortical white matter and deep nuclei involvement (9/24, 37.5%), followed by cortical grey/subcortical white matter lesion (7/24, 29.2%), unilateral or bilateral lesion in deep nuclei (5/24, 20.8%), whereas some patients showed normal MRI (3/24, 12.5%). The most common MRI change in POLG-mutated patients was brain atrophy (4/4,100%), lesion in deep nuclei (3/4, 75%), deep white matter (2/4, 50%) and cortical grey/subcortical white matter lesion (1/4,25%). Heatmap showed multi deep nuclei lesion was more common in patients with OXPHOS subunits defects; cortical grey and subcortical white matter lesion was more common in dysfunction of mtDNA maintenance, expression and translation; and lesion in deep white matter was more common in patients with dysfunction of metabolism of cofactors. Discussion Neuroimaging findings in pediatric mitochondrial disorder patients are variable. The most common patterns are deep nuclei lesion, brain atrophy, cortical grey/subcortical white matter lesion, deep white matter lesion, and cerebellar atrophy. There are some correlations between brain MRI results of patients and their genetic defects, as well as biological dysfunction.