bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of modes of rolling on evolution of texture in pure copper and some copper base alloys
Authors: Suwas Satyam , Singh A. K. , Rao K. Narasimha , Singh T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study was aimed at examining the effect of modes of rolling and subsequent annealing on yield locus anisotropy and its dependence on microstructure and texture. The materials, pure Cu, Cu(Cr) alloy and Cu(P) alloy, have been subjected to equal amount of cold rolling reductions by unidirectional, two-step cross rolling and multistep cross rolling and consequent changes in yield loci has been examined. The yield loci have been determined by the Knoop hardness method. The results show that the alloys exhibit marked anisotropy after direct as well as cross rolling. Annealing of the rolled materials brings down the extent of anisotropy.
Comparison of hardness and Young’s modulus by single indentation and multiple unloading indentation
Authors: Schiffmann Kirsten I. , Küster Rolf L. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multiple partial unloading indentation is a useful technique for depth-dependent nanoindentation yielding up to 20 hardness and modulus values of different depth with one single measurement. A comparison between multiple partial unloading indentation and conventional single unloading technique is presented. A representative selection of materials (sapphire, TiN, DLC, tool steel, Ti alloy and aluminium) has been tested and it is found that both methods give comparable results. Soft materials as Al or Ti show certain deviations of about + 11 ± 4% in hardness and + 3.1 ± 1.2% for the modulus. For all other materials, the difference is + 2.2 ± 1.0% for the hardness and –2.1 ± 2.2% for the modulus. Possible reasons for these small systematic deviations will be discussed.
Nanomechanical characterization of Ti-base nanostructure-dendrite composite
Authors: Alcalá G. , Mato S. , Woodcock T. G. , Eckert J. , Gebert A. , Schultz L. , Hangen U. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present work represents the first localized nanomechanical analysis of the single phases present in an alloy, providing a better understanding of the macroscopic behaviour of the material. The Ti60Cu14Ni12Sn4Nb10 and Ti60Cu14 Ni12Sn4Ta10 alloys under investigation show a very similar elastic response of the nanostructured matrix in spite of a slightly higher hardness in the latter. Nevertheless, the dendritic phase exhibits substantially higher values of hardness for both alloys, with an increase of about 32% in both cases. The elastic modulus increases by up to 36% in the Ta-containing alloy and by up to 23% in the Nb-containing alloy, compared to the matrix. The different nanomechanical response explains, together with the effect of the dendrites restricting crack propagation, the increased ductility of the Nb-containing alloy compared with the Ta-containing alloy.
Surface topography and nanomechanical/tribological behaviour of ultrathin nitride films on silicon
Authors: Wyrobek J. T. , Malyska K. , Wrzesinska H. , Rymuza Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Surface topography and roughness characteristics were studied based on the analysis of three dimensional atomic force microscopy images of several multilayer ultrathin-film samples. TiN, CrN and NbN (200 nm thick) were deposited on single crystal n-type silicon without or with a 200 nm thick underlayer of silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. The nitride films were deposited by physical vapour deposition technique and the underlayer films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Nanomechanical studies and nanotribological tests were also conducted to investigate the properties of such films as possible candidates for protective layers on rubbing elements of micro-electromechanical systems. The effect of the underlayer on the surface properties and the mechanical/tribological behaviour was evaluated as well.
Technique for measuring the residual strain in strained Si/SiGe MOSFET structures using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dobrosz P. , Bull S. J. , Olsen S. H. , O’Neill A. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A measurement technique for studying the strain in Si/SiGe layers has been developed based on Raman spectroscopy using a laser microprobe. The Si/SiGe layers were grown by ultra-low pressure chemical vapour deposition in a modified molecular beam epitaxy system. The structures consisted of a strained Si grown on relaxed Si1– x
Ge
x
(x = 0.1, 0.15 . . . 0.35), where the Si channel thickness was varied between 5 and 10 nm. Raman spectroscopy using a 514 nm laser indicated a significant shift in the Si peak from the SiGe layer; the position of this peak is related to the strain in the layer and strongly depends on Ge content, decreasing with increasing Ge in the virtual substrate. However, the strained Si peak shows a considerable overlap with the Si in SiGe peak and is difficult to deconvolute by conventional peak fitting approaches. The residual strain in the thin heterostructure Si/SiGe layers was, therefore, investigated before and after selectively etching the Si. The strain in the channel increased with Ge content in the underlying SiGe as expected, confirming that the high-temperature device processing did not degrade the channel macrostrain.
Twin-roll cast Al–Mg –Si sheet for automotive applications
Authors: Birol Yücel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Twin-roll casting (TRC) is well established as an economical method for producing aluminum foil and sheet for various applications. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using TRC as a method to produce low-cost/high-quality aluminum sheet for automotive structural applications. The potential of TRC process in the manufacture of AA5XXX sheet for automotive structural applications has recently been demonstrated. The present work was undertaken to implement TRC technology and to develop processing cycles for the manufacture of twin-roll cast AA6016 sheet for inner and outer panel applications.
Microstructural characteristics of 3-d networks
Authors: Glicksman M. E. , Rios P. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe structural characteristics of three-dimensional (3-d) irregular networks, such as random polycrystals, are described using scaling arguments based on the properties of Average N-hedra (ANH’s). ANH’s comprise a special set of highly symmetric polyhedral cells that satisfy topological and geometrical criteria demanded in 3-d space-filling networks. All the geometrical properties of ANH’s may be obtained from exact analytical expressions already derived in [1]. The utility and ease of use of these formulas have been carefully checked against accurate simulations of the excess free energy and evolution kinetics of foams and polycrystals. The vertex-to-vertex distance is chosen in this paper as the consistent gauge to estimate an important microstructure feature set presented here for irregular 3-d networks. In the case of annealed polycrystals this includes the total grain boundary area and its associated stored energy per unit volume, the triple line length per unit volume, and the number density of triple lines and quadra-junctions – all of which may be expressed in terms of the polycrystal's grain number density.
The influence of triple junction kinetics on the evolution of polycrystalline materials during normal grain growth: New evidence from in-situ experiments using columnar Al foil
Authors: Piazolo S. , Sursaeva V. G. , Prior D. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During grain growth in 2D systems triple junction kinetics may significantly influence not only the rate of grain growth but also the geometric evolution of the grain boundary network. In this contribution we analyse results from in-situ heating experiments coupled with electron backscatter diffraction analysis using a columnar Al foil. It is shown that (a) the von Neumann– Mullins relation is not always satisfied, (b) there is a marked discontinuity and heterogeneity in TJ motion in space and time and (c) grain boundaries evolve from predominately curved to straight boundaries. To interpret these results we introduce 3 main types of triple junctions Tc, Tp, and Ts, which are made up by at least 2 concave, 2 convex, and 3 straight boundaries, respectively. Analyses show that triple junction drag plays a significant role during grain growth. Data suggest that the drag effect of Tp is higher than that of Tc. In addition, triple junctions with 3 low-angle boundaries are exceptionally stable, while those with at least 2 high-angle boundaries are unstable and tend to disappear during grain growth. Only ~ 20% of grain boundaries exhibit steady state triple junction motion.
A mechanism of plane matching boundary-assisted α/γ phase transformation in Fe–Cr alloy based on in-situ observations
Authors: Watanabe Tadao , Obara Kouichi , Tsurekawa Sadahiro , Gottstein Günter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
On the basis of in-situ observations of the α/γ phase transformation in an iron-4.2 at.% Cr alloy, it was found that triple junctions with more random boundaries can be preferential sites for nucleation and that a two-stage migration of α/γ interphase boundaries can occur with highly different velocities, i. e. of 0.23 ~ 0.43 μm/sec for the α/γ two phase temperature region and 2.6 ~ 44 μm/sec for the c single phase region. The origin of the observed high migration velocities of α/c interphase boundaries and the generalized K-S orientation relationship between a new phase and the matrix are discussed on the basis of a possible role of {111}γ//{110}α plane matching interphase boundaries in the α/γ phase transformation.
Nanoindentation investigation of solid-solution strengthening in III-V semiconductor alloys
Authors: Bourhis Eric Le , Patriarche Gilles 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
III-V semiconductor alloys have been grown onto lattice-matched substrates. These systems correspond to In
x
Ga1 –x
As with x ≈ 0.5 grown on InP, and to In
y
Ga1–
y
P with y ≈ 0.5 grown on GaAs and were used in order to produce epitaxial layers free of structural defects (threading dislocations). InGaP alloys, in contrast to InGaAs, are known to order partially to a degree η that can be controlled by the growth temperature and substrate orientation (here, η could be adjusted in the range 0 – 0.5). Nanoindentation tests were carried out to measure the mechanical response of the heteroepitaxial layers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the structure as well as the plastic zones generated into the specimen by nanoindentation. Comparison of the alloys with binary references (InAs, InP, GaAs, GaP bare substrates) showed strengthening, with the hardness and flow-stress values being much larger than those of binary softer reference materials (InP and InAs).
Adhesive and nanomechanical properties of polymeric films deposited on silicon
Authors: Falkowska D. , Zielecka M. , Balabanava N. V. , Nowek A. , Rymuza Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Silicone polymeric films were deposited on silicon substrate, and their adhesive and nanomechanical properties were studied. The surface characterization and tribological (wear) behaviour were investigated using atomic force microscopy. The surface Gibbs energy was estimated locally, using a special test rig where the contact angle of very small (with a diameter of about 100 μm) sessile drops was measured by processing of the image from a camera. The nanomechanical properties of the films were tested by using Hysitron’s test instruments. Such films seem to be interesting for application on contact surfaces of microgrippers used in assembly processes in micro electro mechanical systems and nanotechnologies.
Modelling of the nanoindentation process of ultrathin films
Authors: Zimmerman J. , Majewski T. , Rymuza Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA model of the nanoindentation process was elaborated using the finite-element method. The ADINA software was used in the computation of the load – displacement curve. The distribution of stresses in the TiN film on a smooth substrate (Si) was found. The influence of mechanical material properties of the film and substrate on the process of indentation and the stress distribution was considered. The effect of yield stress, tip’s radius and hardening modulus was discussed. The results were compared with the results of experimental nanoindentation tests performed for ultrathin films.
SCARF: a biomedical association rule finding webserver
Authors: Szalkai Balázs , Grolmusz Vince 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The analysis of enormous datasets with missing data entries is a standard task in biological and medical data processing. Large-scale, multi-institution clinical studies are the typical examples of such datasets. These sets make possible the search for multi-parametric relations since from the plenty of the data one is likely to find a satisfying number of subjects with the required parameter ensembles. Specifically, finding combinatorial biomarkers for some given condition also needs a very large dataset to analyze. For fast and automatic multi-parametric relation discovery association-rule finding tools are used for more than two decades in the data-mining community. Here we present the SCARF webserver for generalized association rule mining. Association rules are of the form: a AND b AND … AND x → y, meaning that the presence of properties a AND b AND … AND x implies property y; our algorithm finds generalized association rules, since it also finds logical disjunctions (i.e., ORs) at the left-hand side, allowing the discovery of more complex rules in a more compressed form in the database. This feature also helps reducing the typically very large result-tables of such studies, since allowing ORs in the left-hand side of a single rule could include dozens of classical rules. The capabilities of the SCARF algorithm were demonstrated in mining the Alzheimer’s database of the Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD) in our recent publication (Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Vol. 73, pp. 300–307, 2017). Here we describe the webserver implementation of the algorithm.
Influence of imagery-based suggestions on performance during the training of professional firefighters
Authors: Coutté Alexandre , Harle Agathe , Dias Da Silva Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesFor several decades, a growing number of studies have highlighted that imagery-based suggestions, can efficiently influence motor control and perception. In the present study, we tested whether imagery-based suggestions without hypnotic induction might influence physical resistance performance and effort perception in the context of French firefighters’ usual training.MethodsA group of 18 male firefighters had to keep the wall-sit posture as long as they could while listening to different scripts. In the first condition, imagery was related to Lightness. In the second one, it was related to Heaviness. In the Control condition, they just had to listen and pay attention to series of two-digit numbers.ResultsResults showed that the participants kept the posture longer in the Lightness condition than in the Heaviness one. Furthermore the effort was perceived as less difficult in the Lightness condition in comparison to the Heaviness and the Control ones. Moreover in the Lightness condition, the higher the participants scored in visual and kinesthetic imagery tasks (MIQ-R), the less they rated the exercise as difficult.ConclusionsImagery-based suggestions significantly influenced both physical resistance performance and effort perception without any prior hypnotic induction. Further studies are necessary to better understand the factors that modulate this influence.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rada Maria Patricia , Ciortea Răzvan , Măluțan Andrei Mihai , Prundeanu Ioana , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. , Bucuri Carmen Elena , Blaga Ligia Daniela , Mihu Dan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Late first-stage or second-stage cesarean section is commonly associated with fetal head impaction, leading to maternal and neonatal complications. This situation requires safe delivery techniques, but the optimal management remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques via cesarean section.

Methods
An electronic search of three databases, from inception to June 2021, was conducted. Cohort and randomised comparative studies on maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with techniques to deliver an impacted fetal head during cesarean section were included. The methodological quality of the primary studies was assessed. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analyses.

Results
Nineteen articles, including 2,345 women were analyzed. Three fetal extraction techniques were identified. Meta-analyses showed that the “pull” technique carries lower risks as compared to the “push” technique and the “Patwardhan” technique is safer compared to the “push” or the “push and pull” technique.

Conclusions
In the absence of robust evidence to support the use of a specific technique, the choice of the obstetrician should be based on best available evidence. Our study suggests that the “pull”, as well as the “Patwardhan” technique represent safe options to deliver an impacted fetal head.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests for SPARMA Models with Dependent Error Terms
Authors: Boubacar Maïnassara Yacouba , Ilmi Amir Abdoulkarim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper we consider tests for lack of fit in a class of seasonal periodic autoregressive moving average (SPARMA) models under the assumption that the errors are uncorrelated but non-independent (i.e. weak SPARMA models). We derive the asymptotic distributions of residual and normalized residual empirical autocovariances and autocorrelations of these weak SPARMA models. We then deduce the modified portmanteau statistics. We establish the asymptotic behavior of the proposed statistics, which can be quite different from the usual chi-squared approximation used under independent and identically distributed (iid) assumptions on the noise. We also propose another test based on a self-normalization approach to cheek the adequacy of SPARMA models. A set of Monte Carlo experiments and an application to the daily returns of the SP500 are presented.
Crystal structure of bis[hydrido-hexaphenylcarbodiphosphoran][tetra-trifluoromethyl-(μ-diiodo)-diplatinat]
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
C86H78F12I2O2P4Pt2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.520(1) Å, b = 12.196(1) Å, c = 15.382(2) Å, α = 73.20(1)°, β = 75.18(1)°, γ = 86.81(1)°, V = 2000.1(4) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0631, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1759, T = 193(2) K.
A numerical study on the low-velocity impact behavior of the Twaron®fabric subjected to oblique impact
Authors: Huang Canyi , Cui Lina , Xia Hong , Qiu Yiping , Ni Qing-Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, a finite element low-velocity impact model of Twaron®plain-woven fabric was created and analyzed using the commercial code ANSYS®-AUTODYN, and then was validated by drop-weight impact experiments. As a bullet or a fragment can strike a protective system from any angle in space, it is necessary to investigate fragment impact behavior response to impact threats from all angles of space. Therefore, in-plane obliquityθ, and spatial obliquityφ, were employed in this study and 17 different simulation test impact scenarios with different impact obliquity values were carried out using a standard hemispherical-head impactor. Results showed that the energy absorption of Twaron®fabric decreases with increasingθ, whereas under the sameθ, the energy absorption increases with increasingφ. This study also evaluated and compared the low-velocity impact performance of Twaron®fabric as a function of impactor shape, such as hemispherical, flat, and ogival heads, with differentθ. The results showed that under the same density, volume, and diameter conditions and at the normal impact scenario of a flat-head impactor, the fracture mechanism of the yarn is the same with all impact scenarios for a hemispherical-head impactor; the contacted yarns of the fabric fractured almost simultaneously. For the other oblique impact scenarios of the flat-head impactor, as well as impact scenarios of the ogival-head impactor, the yarns of the fabric fractured intermittently. Additionally, for the impact scenario with the ogival-head impactor, the effect of impact obliquity on energy absorption of the fabric was completely opposite to that of the hemispherical-head impact scenario. This is because in the hemispherical-head impact scenario, the fabric yarn tends to be damaged by tension, whereas in the ogival-head impact scenario, the fabric tends to be damaged by out-of-plane shear. These findings provide important guidance for the engineering of soft body armor and composite materials.
GAN-regularized augmentation strategy for spectral datasets
Authors: Anastasiadis Johannes , Heizmann Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial neural networks are used in various fields including spectral unmixing, which is used to determine the proportions of substances involved in a mixture, and achieve promising results. This is especially true if there is a non-linear relationship between the spectra of mixtures and the spectra of the substances involved (pure spectra). To achieve sufficient results, neural networks need lots of representative training data. We present a method that extends existing training data for spectral unmixing consisting of spectra of mixtures by learning the mixing characteristic using an artificial neural network. Spectral variability is considered by random inputs. The network structure used is a generative adversarial net that takes the dependence on the abundances of pure substances into account by an additional term in its objective function, which is minimized during training. After training further data for abundance vectors for which there is no real measurement data in the original training dataset can be generated. A neural network trained with the augmented training dataset shows better performance in spectral unmixing compared to being trained with the original dataset. The presented network structure improves already existing results obtained with a generative convolutional neural network, which is superior to model-based approaches.
The Provision of the Protection of the Rights of Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Nikolenko Liudmyla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article is devoted to the protection of the rights of internally displaced persons. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the current state of the rights of internally displaced persons, to identify problems in their implementation and to propose effective mechanisms for their protection. The author considers the rights of internally displaced persons depending on their specification, such as: social and pension assistance, housing, education and employment. The problem of the protection of the property of internally displaced persons is considered. It is determined that the protection of the property rights of internally displaced persons should be entrusted to the state, and effective mechanisms should be established at the legislative level to ensure the return of property or reimbursement of its value in the case of destruction or damage. The author draws attention to the fact that the realization of the rights of internally displaced persons is possible with the support not only of the state, but also of local authorities. The following scientific methods were used in writing the article: analysis and synthesis, the method of specific sociological research, systemic, structural-functional, synergetic, comparative-legal and other methods.