bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes During the Early Stages of Lightning Flashes
Authors: Lindanger A. , Skeie C. A. , Marisaldi M. , Bjørge‐Engeland I. , Østgaard N. , Mezentsev A. , Sarria D. , Lehtinen N. , Reglero V. , Chanrion O. , Neubert T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTerrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are short emissions of high energy photons associated with thunderstorms. It has been known since the discovery of TGFs that they are associated with lightning, and several case studies have shown that the TGFs are produced at the initial phase of the lightning flash. However, it has not been tested whether this is true in general. By using the largest TGF sample up to date, combined with ground‐based radio lightning detection data, we perform a statistical study to test this. One of the TGF missions is the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) consisting of the innovative combination of X‐ and gamma‐ray detectors, optical photometers and cameras. This allows us to investigate the temporal relation between gamma‐rays produced by TGFs and the optical signal produced by lightning discharges. Based on stacking analysis of the TGF sample and ground‐based measurements of associated lightning activity, together with the high temporal resolution of the optical signal from the ASIM photometers, it is shown that TGFs are produced in the beginning of the lightning flashes. In addition, for a significant fraction of the TGFs, the lightning activity detected in radio is enhanced in an interval between 150 and 750 ms following the TGFs, and is co‐located with the lightning associated with the TGFs. The enhanced lightning activity is not evident in a randomly selected sample of flashes. This indicates that the activity between 150 and 750 ms is a characteristic property of a significant fraction of flashes that start with a TGF.
Can the Magmatic Conditions of the Martian Nakhlites be Discerned via Investigation of Clinopyroxene and Olivine Intracrystalline Misorientations?
Authors: Griffin S. , Daly L. , Piazolo S. , Forman L. V. , Cohen B. E. , Lee M. R. , Trimby P. W. , Baumgartner R. J. , Benedix G. K. , Hoefnagels B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeformation is a near ubiquitous process that is observed within nearly all naturally forming rocks. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a technique that enables slip‐systems (a form of plastic deformation) to be inferred from intracrystalline misorientations at a comparable scale to the representative CPO analysis (≥300 crystals for the nakhlites). Extensive laboratory and studies on naturally occurring samples have identified preferential mantle condition extrinsic parameters for specific slip‐system signatures within olivine and clinopyroxene. Intracrystalline misorientation patterns for olivine and augite (high Ca‐clinopyroxene) for 16 different Martian nakhlite meteorites (21 sections) were analyzed and assessed against these known parameters. Investigation of high and low deformation regions within the nakhlites revealed a shift in intracrystalline misorientation patterns for 10 of the 21 sections. Interpreted as both shock (high deformations) and emplacement (low deformation) signatures, the observed variations in deformation patterns for the two main regimes of deformation indicate heterogeneous sampling of the nakhlite source crater. Our findings indicate that shock deformation is prevalent throughout the nakhlites, and that great care needs to be taken when interpreting intracrystalline misorientations of crystals within apparent lower deformation regions.
Sediments Within the Icy North Polar Deposits of Mars Record Recent Impacts and Volcanism
Authors: Sinha Prakhar , Horgan Briony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars are ice‐rich sedimentary layers that formed under the influence of Mars' modern climate and thus record the recent climatic history of Mars, analogous to terrestrial ice sheets. The 2013–2023 Planetary Science Decadal Survey recommends a lander mission to sample the NPLD for climatic records; however, linking the geologic record to the climatic history will require quantitative dating of the NPLD. In this study we use orbital reflectance spectroscopy to show for the first time that dateable mafic lithics are present throughout the NPLD. We find significant glass as well as diverse crystalline minerals, which suggests that surface processes like impacts and volcanism were active during the late Amazonian and transported sediments from across the planet to the north pole. In situ investigation of the NPLD will thus provide critical quantitative constraints on both the recent geologic and climatic histories of Mars.
Proteomic profiling of postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue of suicide completers
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Do Misol , Han Dohyun , Son Minsoo , Shin Dongyoon , Yeo Injoon , Yun Young Hyun , Yoo Seong Ho , Choi Hyung Jin , Shin Daun , Rhee Sang Jin , Ahn Yong Min , Kim Youngsoo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, presenting a serious public health problem. We aimed to investigate the biological basis of suicide completion using proteomics on postmortem brain tissue. Thirty-six postmortem brain samples (23 suicide completers and 13 controls) were collected. We evaluated the proteomic profile in the prefrontal cortex (Broadmann area 9, 10) using tandem mass tag-based quantification with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics tools were used to elucidate the biological mechanisms related to suicide. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify common differentially expressed proteins among clinically different groups. Of 9801 proteins identified, 295 were differentially expressed between groups. Suicide completion samples were mostly enriched in the endocannabinoid and apoptotic pathways (CAPNS1, CSNK2B, PTP4A2). Among the differentially expressed proteins, GSTT1 was identified as a potential biomarker among suicide completers with psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that the previously under-recognized endocannabinoid system and apoptotic processes are highly involved in suicide.
Lateral reading and monetary incentives to spot disinformation about science
Authors: Panizza Folco , Ronzani Piero , Martini Carlo , Mattavelli Simone , Morisseau Tiffany , Motterlini Matteo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisinformation about science can impose enormous economic and public health burdens. A recently proposed strategy to help online users recognise false content is to follow the techniques of professional fact checkers, such as looking for information on other websites (lateral reading) and looking beyond the first results suggested by search engines (click restraint). In two preregistered online experiments (N = 5387), we simulated a social media environment and tested two interventions, one in the form of a pop-up meant to advise participants to follow such techniques, the other based on monetary incentives. We measured participants’ ability to identify whether information was scientifically valid or invalid. Analysis of participants’ search style reveals that both monetary incentives and pop-up increased the use of fact-checking strategies. Monetary incentives were overall effective in increasing accuracy, whereas the pop-up worked when the source of information was unknown. Pop-up and incentives, when used together, produced a cumulative effect on accuracy. We suggest that monetary incentives enhance content relevance, and could be combined with fact-checking techniques to counteract disinformation.
Poor perception of chronic kidney diseases and its influencing factors among diabetics patients
Authors: Shah Shamsul Azhar , Anuar Haryati , Abdul Gafor Abdul Halim , Abdullah Nik Nairan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose We aimed to determine predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention among patients with diabetes. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 selected respondents based on socio-demographic, socio-economic, general CKD perception knowledge, self-monitoring advocacy, preventive behavior, treatment compliance, and psychosocial factors. Using multiple logistic regression, variables and their association with impaired perception of CKD prevention were analyzed. Results Overall, 74% had poor perception regarding CKD prevention (68.7% of men and 31.3% of women). In multivariable analysis, those with weak illness identity fear were two times more likely to have poor perceptions (95% CI 1.563–3.196, p < 0.001). Respondents with weak medical practice (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.609–2.381, p < 0.001) and weak cooperation (AOR = 1.563; 95% CI 1.099–2.224, p < 0.001) were more likely to have poor perceptions on CKD prevention. Concerning poor perception, significant predictors were self-employment, housewives, working in private jobs, weak knowledge on clear glycosuria, sleep problems, print media, digital media, illness identity fear, weak medical practice, and weak co-operation factors. Conclusion Media support is crucial for supporting and improving positive views regarding CKD knowledge. Interventions to reach people with limited awareness on CKD prevention, lower socioeconomic status, and poor social support may improve identification of patients with early-stage CKD. Particular care should be taken to recognize and provide necessary services regarding the early detection of CKD.
Two-step heat fusion kinetics and mechanical performance of thermoplastic interfaces
Authors: Wang Shijun , Shi Jiaxin , Shimizu Takayuki , Xu Jun , Xu Zhiping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermoplastic polymers and composites are ubiquitous in the industry for their reshaping and fusing capabilities at elevated temperatures. The quality of heat-fused thermoplastic interfaces is of great concern for adhesion, coating, and welding applications, especially those between dissimilar materials. Kinetic evolution of the microstructures defines the mechanical performance of heat-fusion thermoplastic interfaces, which is studied here using polyethylene and polypropylene as an example. Key factors such as the viscosity and compatibility of polymers and the time and temperature of fusion are discussed by combining molecular-level simulations and structural-level hot-compression experiments. Inter-diffusion and entanglement of polymer chains are identified as the two elementary kinetic steps of the fusion, which dominate the control on the stiffness and strength of the interfaces, respectively. Experimental data shows that the quality of fused interfaces can be improved by reducing the viscosity and the interaction parameter. Following the same set of time-scaling relations as identified in the simulations, the two-step characteristics and their effects on the stiffness and strength are experimentally validated. Both simulation and the experiment results show that Young’s modulus of fused interfaces recovers faster than the strength that is controlled by polymer entanglement to a large extent, rather than diffusion. These findings add insights into the design of fusion processes, laying the ground for the applications of thermoplastic polymers and composites.
Rhoifolin from Plumula Nelumbinis exhibits anti-cancer effects in pancreatic cancer via AKT/JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Zheng Bingxin , Zheng Yixin , Zhang Ningning , Zhang Yi , Zheng Baodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the anti-pancreatic cancer effects of flavonoids in Plumula Nelumbinis. High-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed that apiin, rhoifolin, and vitexin were three principal components in total flavonoids derived from Plumula Nelumbinis, with vitexin being the most abundant component. Cell viability assay revealed that apiin, rhoifolin, and vitexin could inhibit proliferation of PANC-1 and ASPC-1, with rhoifolin showing the maximum inhibitory effect. Rhoifolin inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells, which was associated with up-regulated JNK and p-JNK as well as down-regulated p-AKT. Rhoifolin also inhibited cell migration and invasion, and increased the antioxidant capacity in PANC-1 and ASPC-1. Besides, AKT activator (SC79) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) effectively reversed the anticancer effects of rhoifolin in pancreatic cancer. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that rhoifolin altered proteomic profiles in pancreatic cancer cells. Western blot analysis showed that rhoifolin down-regulated transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2), the regulator of proteoglycan synthesis, with the concomitant down-regulation of phosphorylated SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2), the downstream effector of TGF-β2. In conclusion, rhoifolin regulates the AKT/JNK/caspase-3 and TGF-β2/SMAD2 signaling pathways, which may contribute to its anti-pancreatic cancer effects.
Novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma based on albendazole and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib
Authors: Zhu Lin , Yang Qin , Hu Rong , Li Yanan , Peng Yuanliang , Liu Hong , Ye Mao , Zhang Bin , Zhang Peihe , Liu-Smith Feng , Li Hui , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough an increasing number of patients benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapies, melanoma remains incurable with increasing incidence. Drug repositioning and repurposing is an alternative strategy to discover and develop novel anticancer drugs or combined therapeutic regimens. In this study, we demonstrated that albendazole (ABZ), an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, significantly inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis revealed that ABZ arrests melanoma cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induces cell apoptosis. More importantly, the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, as a member of the first and only class of highly specific CDK inhibitors approved for cancer treatment to date, showed significant synergistic effects with ABZ treatment in melanoma cells and mouse models. Taken together, we revealed a previously unappreciated function of ABZ in antimelanoma proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and provided a novel combined therapeutic regimen of ABZ plus CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in melanoma.
Different methods of detaching adherent cells and their effects on the cell surface expression of Fas receptor and Fas ligand
Authors: Lai Ting-Yu , Cao Jerry , Ou-Yang Pu , Tsai Ching-Yi , Lin Chih-Wen , Chen Chien-Chia , Tsai Meng-Kun , Lee Chih-Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn cell culture environment, some cells adhere firmly to the culture plates and may be vulnerable to cell detachment during passage. Therefore, it is important to harvest cells with a proper detaching method to maintain the viability of cells after detachment. Trypsinization is frequently used for cellular dissociation and detachment. However, most surface proteins and the extracellular matrix are degraded by enzymatic digestion. A mild cell detachment buffer, accutase, is recommended for the replacement of trypsin to dissociate adherent cells and thereby avoid cellular damage. In this study, we demonstrated that use of accutase for cellular detachment may compromise some surface proteins. Compared with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based nonenzymatic cell dissociation buffers, accutase was associated with significant decreases in the surface Fas ligands and Fas receptors. Moreover, we found that accutase may be able to cleave surface Fas ligands into pieces. Our results also illustrated that surface proteins required 20 h to recover after accutase treatment. We demonstrated that using accutase to dissociate adherent cells compromised the expression of Fas ligands and Fas receptors on the cell surface. These findings indicate that it is important to choose suitable cell detachment buffers and allow cells to recover after detachment before experiments.
Cardioprotective effect of extracellular vesicles derived from ticagrelor-pretreated cardiomyocyte on hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes through alleviation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Bitirim Ceylan Verda , Ozer Zeynep Busra , Aydos Dunya , Genc Kardelen , Demirsoy Seyma , Akcali Kamil Can , Turan Belma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in diabetes mellitus (DM) via connecting the immune cell response to tissue injury, besides stimulation to muscle insulin resistance, while DM is associated with increased risks for major cardiovascular complications. Under DM, chronic hyperglycemia, and subsequent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) further lead to cardiac growth remodeling and dysfunction. The purinergic drug ticagrelor is a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Although it is widely used in cardioprotection, the underlying molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy is poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to understand how ticagrelor exerts its cardio-regulatory effects. For this purpose, we investigated the anti-oxidative and cardioprotective effect of EVs derived from ticagrelor-pretreated cardiomyocytes under DM conditions. To mimic DM in cardiomyocytes, we used high glucose incubated H9c2-cells (HG). HG cells were treated with EVs, which were derived from either ticagrelor-pretreated or untreated H9c2-cells. Our results demonstrated that ticagrelor-pretreated H9c2-derived EVs significantly decreased the hyperglycemia-induced aberrant ROS production, prevented the development of apoptosis and ER stress, and alleviated oxidative stress associated miRNA-expression profile. Importantly, EVs derived from ticagrelor-pretreated H9c2-cells enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation, suggesting a modulation of the EV profile in cardiomyocytes. Our data, for the first time, indicate that ticagrelor can exert an important regulatory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through extracellular vesicular modulation behind its receptor-inhibition-related effects.
How much of the female disadvantage in late-life cognition in India can be explained by education and gender inequality
Authors: Jain Urvashi , Angrisani Marco , Langa Kenneth M. , Sekher T. V. , Lee Jinkook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn social environments characterized by high levels of gender inequality, women fare worse than men in human capital accumulation and health. We examine the association of gender inequality with female disadvantage in late-life cognitive function, using newly available data from Wave 1 (2017–2019) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), representative of the Indian population over the age of 45. We find a substantial female gap in cognition among mid-aged and older adults in India; early life socioeconomic conditions and education explain up to 74 percent of the female disadvantage in cognition, and model predictions suggest that it takes nine years of education on average to overcome this deficit. However, further contextualizing the environment, we find that the level of education at which differences in late-life cognition between women and men become negligible increases with the degree of gender inequality.
Incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes and its association with inter-pregnancy interval: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jena Belayneh Hamdela , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreterm premature rupture of membranes is one of the causes of premature birth and perinatal deaths, particularly in developing countries due to poor access and availability of medical resources to manage and sustain the pregnancy to term. Although, several risk factors for preterm premature rupture of membranes were identified, its association with inter-pregnancy interval was understudied. Therefore, we aimed to assess the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes and its association with inter-pregnancy interval in urban South Ethiopia. A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 2578 pregnant women, and followed until delivery. A generalized linear model for binary outcome was applied for the analysis, using a 95% confidence level and P-value. The incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes was 2%, 95% CI: 2%, 3%. However, the incidence was varied across the months of inter-pregnancy intervals 4% (< 18 months), 2% (18–23 months) and 1% (24–60 months). The risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes was nearly three times (ARR = 2.59, 95%CI: 1.27, 5.29) higher for women with inter-pregnancy intervals < 18 months than 24–60 months. Inter-pregnancy interval under 18 months increases the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes, highlighting the need to improve pregnancy spacing in the community.
Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in experimental human malaria, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Woodford John , Gillman Ashley , Jenvey Peter , Roberts Jennie , Woolley Stephen , Barber Bridget E. , Fernandez Melissa , Rose Stephen , Thomas Paul , Anstey Nicholas M. , McCarthy James S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCerebral malaria is the most serious manifestation of severe falciparum malaria. Sequestration of infected red blood cells and microvascular dysfunction are key contributing processes. Whether these processes occur in early stage disease prior to clinical manifestations is unknown. To help localize and understand these processes during the early stages of infection, we performed 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in volunteers with Plasmodium falciparum induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) infection, and compared results to individuals with P. vivax infection, in whom coma is rare. Seven healthy, malaria-naïve participants underwent imaging at baseline, and at early symptom onset a median 9 days following inoculation (n = 4 P. falciparum, n = 3 P. vivax). Participants with P. falciparum infection demonstrated marked lability in radiotracer uptake across all regions of the brain, exceeding expected normal variation (within subject coefficient of variation (wCV): 14.4%) compared to the relatively stable uptake in participants with P. vivax infection (wCV: 3.5%). No consistent imaging changes suggestive of microvascular dysfunction were observed in either group. Neuroimaging in early IBSM studies is safe and technically feasible, with preliminary results suggesting that differences in brain tropism between P. falciparum and P. vivax may occur very early in infection.
Development of a mobile low-field MRI scanner
Authors: Deoni Sean C. L. , Medeiros Paul , Deoni Alexandra T. , Burton Phoebe , Beauchemin Jennifer , D’Sa Viren , Boskamp Eddy , By Samantha , McNulty Chris , Mileski William , Welch Brian E. , Huentelman Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows important visualization of the brain and central nervous system anatomy and organization. However, unlike electroencephalography (EEG) or functional near infrared spectroscopy, which can be brought to a patient or study participant, MRI remains a hospital or center-based modality. Low magnetic field strength MRI systems, however, offer the potential to extend beyond these traditional hospital and imaging center boundaries. Here we describe the development of a modified cargo van that incorporates a removable low-field permanent magnet MRI system and demonstrate its proof-of-concept. Using phantom scans and in vivo T2-weighted neuroimaging data, we show no significant differences with respect to geometric distortion, signal-to-noise ratio, or tissue segmentation outcomes in data acquired in the mobile system compared to a similar static system in a laboratory setting. These encouraging results show, for the first time, MRI that can be performed at a participant’s home, community center, school, etc. Breaking traditional barriers of access, this mobile approach may enable imaging of patients and participants who have mobility challenges, live long distances from imaging centers, or are otherwise unable to travel to an imaging center or hospital.