bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phases of Planar Active Matter in Two Dimensions
Authors: Cugliandolo Leticia F. , Gonnella Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the description of the phases of matter in two dimensions. Firstly, we briefly discuss the phase diagrams of bidimensional interacting passive systems. This short and schematic presentation is complemented with a rather complete bibliography that should guide the readers in their study of this very rich subject. Secondly, we summarise very recent results on the phase diagrams of active Brownian disks and active dumbbell systems in two dimensions. The idea is to identify all the phases and to relate, when this is possible, the ones found in the passive limit with the ones observed at large values of the activity, at high and low densities, and for both types of constituents. Proposals for the mechanisms leading to these phases will be discussed. The physics of bidimensional active systems open many questions, some of which will be listed by the end of the Chapter.
Nanotribology of Commensurate and Incommensurate Colloidal Monolayers on Periodic Surfaces
Authors: Brazda Thorsten , Cao Xin , Bechinger Clemens 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Whenever two adjacent bodies are brought into relative motion, friction occurs. Despite its broad implications to our daily life and technical applications, many aspects of friction are only poorly understood. This particularly applies to conditions, where two atomically smooth surfaces are sliding on top of each other. Using a colloidal monolayer which is driven across a structured surface, we can confirm the dominating role of topological solitons during this process. In addition, we provide experimental evidence for the Aubry transition which predicts a frictionless sliding at incommensurate conditions and for finite substrate corrugations. Our results do not only reveal the subtle structural changes of the monolayer to avoid friction but also a sharp transition from a fully superlubric to a strongly pinned state when the contact strength between the surfaces is increased.
William Shakespeare
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shakespeare’s sonnets, published under somewhat mysterious circumstances a dozen years after the main publishing craze for sonnets had abated, have proved very difficult to integrate with the rest of what we know about his life and career. Speculation on particular questions continually changes its mind; the only secure advance in recent decades has been the lapse of efforts to disallow the manifestly homoerotic content of many of the individual poems. Putting biographical questions to one side, though, does not mean ignoring the implied narrative of the poems in the order in which they have come down to us; that narrative is more recoverable and coherent than it has been given credit for. An initially somewhat formal run of poems in praise of an attractive young man gradually reveals itself to be a flirtation, whose erotic content comes into the open in sonnet 20, which is the beginning of an initially happy bond, Platonic in the foundational sense of the term, repeatedly strained by real or imagined infidelity on both sides. The bond repeatedly restores itself, but is most painfully tested by the young man’s sexual involvement with the speaker’s own mistress. Poems to her conclude the sequence; so placed, they constitute a pained reassessment of the meaning of the whole experience. The working out of all this is a particularly anguished and ultimately bleak version of the dynamic of desire and delusion at the heart of Petrarchism.
Model Selection
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter discusses the problem and relevance of model selection in statistics based on parsimony. It thoroughly examines the conceptual basis of the various model selection criteria based on the theory of information: the Akaike, Bayesian, deviance, and Watanabe–Akaike information criteria. It discusses the use and abuse of model selection based on information criteria in the life sciences, and the main ideas behind model averaging in the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks using model weights. It introduces further tools for model validation in the Bayesian framework such as the posterior predictive distribution, posterior predictive checks, and methods based on cross validation.
Ossian and Irish literature
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 studies the impact and influence of James Macpherson’s Ossian (1760–63) on Irish literature. As opposed to a highly enthusiastic response across much of Europe, Irish scholarly and literary reactions to Macpherson’s work were often hostile. By examining key sections of Sydney Owenson’s The Wild Irish Girl (1806), W.B. Yeats’ ‘The Wanderings of Oisin’ (1889), James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake (1939), and Samuel Beckett’s Murphy (1938, French translation in 1947), this chapter shows how a range of Irish writers have responded to Macpherson’s work and how responses to Ossian in Irish writing have shifted over time, partly due to changing political and cultural contexts. This chapter also charts the development of Celticism from Romanticism to Modernism and discusses how Ossian is connected to questions of national identity during the Romantic period and is associated with literary recycling and schizoid voices during the Modernist era.
Gender, nationality, and Celticism in Gregory and Macleod
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the personal and literary contacts between the Irish and Scottish Revivals, with a particular focus on Augusta Gregory and William Sharp (as well as work published under the name ‘Fiona Macleod’, Sharp’s female authorial persona). The chapter studies Sharp’s visits to Ireland and his meetings with Gregory, before examining their different approaches to a traditional story; the Deirdre tale from the Ulster Cycle. An examination of the different interpretations of this story by Gregory and Sharp/Macleod sheds light on the conceptions of gender, nationality, and Celticism offered by these two writers. Chapter 2 shows that while both writers shared similar interests in the Celtic world, and while they worked with common sources, there are major political differences between the two, and neither can be classed as a ‘Pan-Celticist’. By examining the divergent ways Gregory and Sharp/Macleod treat the character of Deirdre across a range of texts, this chapter shows the ideological and political contrasts between these leading figures of the Celtic Revivals of Ireland and Scotland. Special attention is paid to Gregory’s Cuchulain of Muirthemne (1902), as well as poetry, prose, and drama by Sharp/Macleod.
Scottish Modernism and the Celtic world
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the influence of Irish politics and culture on Scottish Modernism and the relationship between the works of Hugh MacDiarmid and James Joyce, with a particular focus on MacDiarmid’s long poems To Circumjack Cencrastus (1930) and In Memoriam James Joyce (1955). MacDiarmid saw Joyce as a fellow Celt and references to Joyce are part of a larger trend in MacDiarmid’s work concerned with the revival and restoration of the Celtic world. As this chapter argues, To Circumjack Cencrastsus and In Memoriam James Joyce are examples of twentieth-century ‘late Celticism’. This chapter also studies the relatively small but highly revealing tradition of Scottish Modernist elegies for deceased modern Irishmen, including Sorley MacLean’s ‘Àrd Mhusaeum na hÈireann’, a tribute to Irish revolutionary James Connolly.
How the Irish Became Red
Authors: Burke Mary M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 considers near-contemporaries Eugene O’Neill and F. Scott Fitzgerald. The latter over-identified with the one non-Irish branch of his family that exemplified ‘Saxon’ whiteness, an emphasis unquestioned by critics, who have left Fitzgerald’s eighteenth-century Irish-American roots unexamined. This struggle is the origin of his oeuvre’s anxiety regarding class and racial status, as the consideration of the term ‘half black Irish’ (a Fitzgerald self-ascription) suggests. By contrast, O’Neill’s drama critiques the Irish presence in the Americas over centuries as one long failure to create solidarity with their fellow oppressed, especially peoples of colour. As a result, unfinished Irish histories (the Ulster Plantation and the 1845 Famine) return to haunt the American action of O’Neill’s drama. In dermatologic classification (the Fitzpatrick Scale), those of white Irish ancestry have skin tones so light as to be ‘flawed’ due to being too white. Thus, a tendency to burn was a racial liability on fashionable 1920s Riviera beaches in which an even tan conversely signalled ‘whiteness’ (as depicted by Fitzgerald). It had also been a liability in the seventeenth century on Caribbean islands that witnessed indentured white labour and in which the easily sunburned Irish were racialized as ‘red’ (as evoked by O’Neill).
Science Presupposes Mood
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 gives a theoretical account of the presence of mood in a work of philosophy. The point of departure is the intriguing theory concerning the relation between thinking and feeling, between ‘science’ and ‘mood’, put forward by Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous author Vigilius Haufniensis in a dense footnote found in The Concept of Anxiety. In order to understand Haufniensis’s theoretical reflections, the chapter offers a rethinking of the relation between the existential (Martin Heidegger) and the aesthetic (Susanne K. Langer) concept of mood; that is, between the kind of mood we experience in life and the kind of mood we encounter in a work of art. This distinction is fleshed out in a short reading of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road, focusing on the prophetic noir in the novel. In a methodological coda, the chapter discusses the analysis of mood in Kierkegaard’s work as opposed to the study of pseudonymity and visibility.
This Moment Is Life and Death
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the role of prophetic noir in the philosophical argument of Fear and Trembling as a whole. This dark affective atmosphere is connected to Abraham’s anticipation of the imminent sacrifice on Mount Moriah and, as the book moves on, to a number of other disasters, too. At the level of Kierkegaard research, the chapter diagnoses a shift in focus in the interpretation of Fear and Trembling from command to collapse, from obedience to trust. Stressing collapse and trust, rather than command and obedience, it is argued, is critical to a meaningful reading of this difficult work. The book’s central concept of prophetic noir is nuanced in a discussion of the eye-opening interpretation of Fear and Trembling and the coming disaster put forward by the Kierkegaard scholar Sharon Krishek in Kierkegaard on Faith and Love (2009). The question of normative force is explored in Fear and Trembling as well as in, once again, Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road.
A New Infallible Interpretative Law
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the famous journal entry in which Kierkegaard reflects on an enigmatic ‘great earthquake’ that suddenly hit the Kierkegaard family. In this entry, and in a number of related letters and notes, the young Kierkegaard addresses the prophetic noir in a theoretical framework supplied by the theodicy debate prompted by the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. The sense of catastrophe is here made up of two different but closely related moods: on the one hand, prophetic noir; on the other, a mood that might be called ‘theodical concern’. A passage from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Autobiography, concerning the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, is shown to be important to Kierkegaard’s notion of theodicy and to his journal entry on the great earthquake. Susan Neiman’s Evil in Modern Thought (2002) offers an existential perspective on the theodicy debate. To conclude, the intricate relation between prophetic noir and theodical concern is explored in a brief reading of the ‘ecocritical’ volume of poems alphabet (1981) by the Danish poet Inger Christensen.
Conclusion
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion approaches the prophetic noir in Kierkegaard’s work by way of a late journal entry in which he imagines himself as a prophet of doom who predicts the shipwreck of a great ship which, sometime in the future, is steering towards an iceberg. It is the captain on this Titanic-like ship who, seeing the little white speck on the horizon, says ‘it will be a frightful night’. The chapter describes the prophetic noir in Kierkegaard’s early works as a matter of living on when facing a little white speck on the horizon, as opposed to the later works, where the impending disaster is rather a matter of being heard. Drawing on the work of Lauren Berlant and Lisa Baraitser, the chapter suggests an existential perspective on human life in the Anthropocene. Meanwhile, the chapter also reflects on the perils of turning inward towards the safe space of the individual subject at a moment when we need to turn outward to meet the objective challenges of our planetary predicament.
The Presumption of Optimism
Authors: Robson Jon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the pessimist who maintains that it is not necessary for them to support their view by appeal to argument, since it is the natural default position with respect to aesthetic testimony. It argues that this view is mistaken and that there should, on the contrary, be a presumption of optimism. The chapter surveys, and rejects, some candidate motivations for taking pessimism to be the default view. In particular, it focuses on attempts to motivate pessimism by appeal to the claim that, in contrast to other areas where testimony is uncontroversially acceptable, we typically don’t form aesthetic judgements on the basis of testimony. It is then argued that this claim is mistaken and that we frequently do form aesthetic judgements in this way. The chapter then goes on to motivate a presumption in favour of optimism by appeal both to this descriptive fact and to the difficulties which the pessimist encounters in taking the role of testimony in aesthetics to be so markedly different from the role of testimony in (most) other domains. Finally, it argues that there is not only reason to accept a presumption in favour of optimism but also good grounds for endorsing constitutive version of optimism (according to which the optimistic view of aesthetic testimony is entailed by the very nature of aesthetic judgement).
Pessimism, Assertion, and Signalling
Authors: Robson Jon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins to consider an argument for pessimism based on the impermissibility of assertions such as ‘the painting is exquisitely beautiful, but I’ve never seen it’ or ‘the melody is graceful but I’ve never heard it’. A natural explanation here is that these assertions are illegitimate because we cannot know the aesthetic claims which they express in the absence of direct experience and so, a fortiori, cannot know them on the basis of testimony. This chapter argues that pessimistic explanations of this kind aren’t the only option and that, on the contrary, the optimist can offer an independently plausible (and non-ad hoc) account of this infelicity. The explanation offered draws on a comparison with accounts of aesthetic creation according to which one key role of aesthetic creativity is to signal to our conspecifics that we possess various advantageous qualities. It is argued that an account of this kind can be expanded to other areas of aesthetic practice including, crucially, critical discourse. The proposal is that it is, ultimately, the misleading signals that the relevant assertions produce within critical discourse, rather than their violation of a knowledge norm, which makes them problematic. Finally, this account is defended from some immediate objections.
The Debate Concerning Assertion
Authors: Robson Jon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter compares the plausibility of the account of aesthetic assertion offered thus far with that of the pessimist’s preferred account. It is argued that—as with the debates concerning appeal to cases in previous chapter—the pessimist’s position gains some initial attraction by focusing on a selective range of cases, but discussion of a full range of cases ultimately favours the optimist. The chapter also briefly considers, and rejects, some alternative explanations which a pessimist might offer for the impermissibility of the relevant assertions. Finally, some concluding remarks on the state of the dialectic between the pessimist and the optimist are offered.
Rogue Sexuality in Early Modern English Literature
Authors: Friedlander Ari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The “rogue,” a term that described criminals, prostitutes, vagrants, beggars, and the unemployed, dominated the pages of early modern popular crime literature. Rogue Sexuality resituates the rogue by focusing on how their menace—and the seductive appeal—emerged not only from their social marginality, but also from their supposedly excessive sexuality and prodigious sexual reproduction. Through discussions of both familiar and little-studied early modern works by William Shakespeare, John Milton, Ben Jonson, Thomas Middleton, Thomas Dekker, Robert Greene, Thomas Harman, and the inventor of modern demography John Graunt, Friedlander posits the sexualized rogue as a new category of early modern socio-sexual identity and traces a surprising social transposition, in which sociopolitical elites are portrayed as appropriating the rogue’s sexual vitality and performative charisma to navigate moments of crisis. By tracking the movement of rogue sexuality from a criminal to a normative discursive register, this book challenges the distinctions that literary critics and historians tend to draw between orderly and disorderly sexuality. With its focus on reproduction, the analytical category of rogue sexuality also provides a new framework for what Michel Foucault called “biopolitics,” the state’s focus on exercising power over life. In legal, administrative, and scientific documents, Friedlander shows that early modern writers grappled with popular pamphlets’ rendering of the supposed threat of rogue reproduction. Rogue Sexuality thus offers a new approach to the political history of early modern England as a population—as a people whose aggregate sexual life and reproduction were a key part of its political imagination.
Rogue Curious
Authors: Friedlander Ari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an anatomy of early modern theories of rogue sexuality found in the flourishing genre of rogue pamphlets by Thomas Harman, Robert Greene, Thomas Dekker, and others. It shows how these pamphlets’ rogue etiologies, or origin stories, reveal that the rogue’s excessive sexuality, often figured as beastliness, constituted the basis of a “socio-sexual identity,” a consistent and productive discursive category of personhood. Rogue identity signifies multivalently, as both symptom and cause of social unrest, as dire threat and delightful promise. The chapter concludes with an examination of the slippage of rogues and their victims illustrated in the frontispiece images of several of the rogue pamphlets, demonstrating how the catalog of behaviors that produce rogue sexuality are themselves imitable. It provides the foundation for readers to understand how a seemingly scurrilous instantiation of popular culture establishes categories that shape early modern sociopolitical thought.
A Comprehensive Review of Existing IHL and ICL as it Relates to Starvation
Authors: Jordash Wayne , Murdoch Catriona , Holmes Joe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter provides a comprehensive review of international humanitarian and criminal law as it relates to starvation. It begins by drawing attention to the fact that deliberate starvation is a crime under international law. This notwithstanding, there has yet to be a prosecution of an individual suspected of committing the crime or engaging in any of the underlying conduct upon which such a charge might be based. The reasons for this neglect may be many, including a lack of clarity around the elements of the crime and particularly the element of intent that must be established. This chapter explores the challenges that might exist in investigating and prosecuting the crime of starvation and seeks to clarify its elements with a particular focus on the mens rea requirement under Article 8(2)(b)(xxv) of the Rome Statute. This chapter provides a roadmap for practitioners to ensure better international recognition of deliberate starvation as an international crime, and in order that attribution of fault and accountability become less elusive.
Truth, Memory, and Starvation
Authors: de Waal Alex 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the neglected agenda of transitional justice mechanisms for the victims and survivors of mass starvation. It focuses on the commemoration of famine, opening with the observation that silence commonly shrouds the memory. One reason for this, the chapter argues, is the sense of shame, loss of dignity, and self-blame felt by the survivors. During times of the utmost deprivation, death, life, and dignity depend on the tiniest increments of resources and standing among the dispossessed and destitute. Victims are often forced into terrible decisions: who will eat today? With perpetrators often distant from the scene, many victims blame themselves for the hardships they suffered and the micro-deprivations they end up perpetrating against others. For these reasons, famine is particularly demoralizing and memories are suppressed. This has too often allowed the deliberate perpetration of starvation crimes to remain unrecognized or fade away in time. This chapter discusses efforts to memorialize past instances of mass starvation, with notable examples of the Great Irish Famine and Ukraine, and the role that memorialization might play in honouring victims and changing the narrative for today’s famines. It concludes with the insight that criminalizing starvation serves the vital purpose of emancipating victims, survivors, and their descendants from a sense of shame and failure, dignifying them as victims of a crime.