bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and predictors for hospitalisation during the initial phases of the Delta variant COVID‐19 outbreak in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Davis Rebecca , Bein Kendall , Burrows Jamie , Chakar Bashir , Berendsen Russell Saartje , Hutchings Owen , Dearing Cassandra , Jagers Dianna , Edwards James , Chalkley Dane , Shaw Miranda , McKenzie Lucy , Goldmith Helen , Dinh Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 Delta variant of concern continues to pose significant challenges to health systems globally, with increased transmissibility and different patient populations affected. In Sydney, a virtual model of care was implemented in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and Special Health Accommodation (SHA) was made available for community patients with COVID‐19 who could not isolate at home or needed health support.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study of all patients with COVID‐19 Delta variant in SHA during the initial phases of the Delta variant outbreak in Sydney describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Delta variant COVID‐19 and determines predictors of need for in‐patient hospital admission.ResultsData from 794 patients were analysed. One hundred and fifty‐seven patients (19.8%) were transferred to ED. Of those, 125 were admitted to an in‐patient unit (admission rate from ED 79.6%), and of these 30 (24%) went to ICU and seven were intubated. Two patients died within the follow‐up period. Age >40 years, obesity, and presence of fever (temperature >37.5°C), hypoxia (oxygen saturation <95%), tachycardia or gastrointestinal symptoms on initial assessment in SHA were independent predictors of in‐patient admission with an AUROC of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.73, 0.82).ConclusionsInitial symptoms and vital signs were just as predictive for short‐term deterioration as age and pre‐existing comorbidities and should be included in future risk prediction models for COVID‐19. Based on this, we derive a proposed risk prediction score that incorporates these predictors with further validation required.
Sensitivity of the S1 neuronal calcium network to insulin and Bay‐K 8644 in vivo: Relationship to gait, motivation, and aging processes
Authors: Lin Ruei‐Lung , Frazier Hilaree N. , Anderson Katie L. , Case Sami L. , Ghoweri Adam O. , Thibault Olivier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuronal hippocampal Ca2+ dysregulation is a critical component of cognitive decline in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease and is suggested to impact communication and excitability through the activation of a larger after hyperpolarization. However, few studies have tested for the presence of Ca2+ dysregulation in vivo, how it manifests, and whether it impacts network function across hundreds of neurons. Here, we tested for neuronal Ca2+ network dysregulation in vivo in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of anesthetized young and aged male Fisher 344 rats using single‐cell resolution techniques. Because S1 is involved in sensory discrimination and proprioception, we tested for alterations in ambulatory performance in the aged animal and investigated two potential pathways underlying these central aging‐ and Ca2+‐dependent changes. Compared to young, aged animals displayed increased overall activity and connectivity of the network as well as decreased ambulatory speed. In aged animals, intranasal insulin (INI) increased network synchronicity and ambulatory speed. Importantly, in young animals, delivery of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel modifier Bay‐K 8644 altered network properties, replicating some of the changes seen in the older animal. These results suggest that hippocampal Ca2+ dysregulation may be generalizable to other areas, such as S1, and might engage modalities that are associated with locomotor stability and motivation to ambulate. Further, given the safety profile of INI in the clinic and the evidence presented here showing that this central dysregulation is sensitive to insulin, we suggest that these processes can be targeted to potentially increase motivation and coordination while also reducing fall frequency with age.
Australia's 2019–20 mega‐fires are associated with lower occupancy of a rainforest‐dependent bat
Authors: Law B. S. , Madani G. , Lloyd A. , Gonsalves L. , Hall L. , Sujaraj A. , Brassil T. , Turbill C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMega‐fires in the Australian summer of 2019–20 resulted in the largest ever documented forest fire extent. These fires impacted many species, but individual responses remain poorly known, making assessments of their conservation status and ongoing threats uncertain. We assessed the influence of the 2019–20 mega‐fires on habitat occupancy in the golden‐tipped bat Phoniscus papuensis, a specialist which roosts in suspended birds' nests and occurs in relictual Gondwanan rainforest not typically exposed to fire. We used trapping and accounted for nightly detection probability (lower detection with increasing rainfall) to estimate site occupancy. Occupancy increased with the local (1 km buffer surrounding each site) extent of rainforest, gullies and unburnt forest. The model predicted a strong negative effect of fire in the surrounding buffer, with occupancy reduced from >90% at sites with suitable habitat (extensive rainforest and gully systems) surrounded by unburnt forest to 20% when the entire surrounding area was burnt (regardless of severity). Gully rainforest sites surrounded by a mixture of burnt and unburnt forest were modelled to have intermediate occupancy values. On average, fire severity mapping revealed that 22% of rainforest in the 1 km buffer surrounding our burnt sites was unburnt, 61% had a low severity burn, while 17% experienced a high severity burn. The lower occupancy of P. papuensis in burnt rainforest was associated with a reduction in the abundance of suspended bird nests, a critical resource used for day‐roosting. Our results quantify the effects of extreme fire events on animal populations in rainforest that is normally unaffected by fire. The large extent of rainforest burnt during the 2019–20 Australian season of ‘mega‐fires’ and its strong negative effect on occupancy highlights the vulnerability of animal species reliant on fire‐sensitive habitat to a climate‐change driven increase in such extreme fire events.
Evaluation of skull and mandible morphometric measurements and three‐dimensional modelling of computed tomographic images of porcupine (Hystrix cristata)
Authors: Baygeldi Saime Betül , Güzel Barış Can , Kanmaz Yeşim Aslan , Yilmaz Sadık 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough there have been morphological and morphometric studies on the porcupine skull, three‐dimensional modelling of the skull is performed for the first time with the present study. In this study, it was aimed to model the skull and mandible of Hystrix cristata in 3D to reveal its morphometric values and the differences between the sexes. Morphometric analyses were performed on a total of eight (four male and four female) adult porcupine skulls and mandibles. Skulls and mandibles of porcupines were scanned usinf a 64‐detector MDCT (General Electric Revolution) device at 80 kV, 200 MA, 639 mGY and 0.625 mm slice thickness. Skull and mandible reconstructions were made with the help of MIMICS 20.1 (Materialize) software program and the surface area and volume values of the skull and mandible were calculated. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 22.0 software. The longest measurement in the skulls, based on the metric measurement points, was the total length (TL), and it was measured as 135.4750 ± 0.54976 mm in males and 134.4725 ± 0.86681 mm in females (p < 0.5). The highest value was the foramen magnum index (p < 0.5), and the lowest value the was skull index (p < 0.1). While the total volume ratio of the mandibles was 29901.64 mm3 in males, it was 27296.20 mm3 in females (p > 0.5). Statistical differences in the morphometric values of skulls and mandibles of male and female porcupines were demonstrated for the first time using CT and three‐dimensional modelling software.
Is there life on the airway tree? A pilot study of bronchial cell vitality and tissue morphology in the ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) era of lung transplantation
Authors: Boffini Massimo , Cassoni Paola , Gambella Alessandro , Simonato Erika , Delsedime Luisa , Marro Matteo , Fanelli Vito , Costamagna Andrea , Lausi Paolo Olivo , Solidoro Paolo , Scalini Fabrizio , Barbero Cristina , Brazzi Luca , Rinaldi Mauro , Bertero Luca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEx vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a relevant procedure to increase the lung donor pool but could potentially increase the airway tree ischemic injury risk.MethodsThis study aimed to evaluate the direct effect of EVLP on the airway tree by evaluating bronchial cell vitality and tissue signs of injury on a series of 117 bronchial rings collected from 40 conventional and 19 EVLP‐treated lung grafts. Bronchial rings and related scraped bronchial epithelial cells were collected before the EVLP procedure and surgical anastomosis.ResultsThe preimplantation interval was significantly increased in the EVLP graft group (p < 0.01). Conventional grafts presented cell viability percentages of 47.07 ± 23.41 and 49.65 ± 21.25 in the first and second grafts which did not differ significantly from the EVLP group (first graft 50.54 ± 25.83 and second graft 50.22 ± 20.90 cell viability percentage). No significant differences in terms of histopathological features (edema, inflammatory infiltrate, and mucosa ulceration) were observed comparing conventional and EVLP samples. A comparison of bronchial cell viability and histopathology of EVLP samples retrieved at different time intervals revealed no significant differences. Accordingly, major bronchial complications after lung transplant were not observed in both groups.ConclusionsBased on these data, we observed that EVLP did not significantly impact bronchial cell vitality and airway tissue preservation nor interfere with bronchial anastomosis healing, further supporting it as a safe and useful procedure.
Editorial: lack of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by gluten in patients without coeliac disease—time to ditch the ‘gluten’ from ‘non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity’
Authors: Tye‐Din Jason A. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Crawley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16914 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16980
Letter: gut–brain axis dysfunction underlies symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome—a plea for rational interpretation of irrational doses of FODMAPs
Authors: Halmos Emma P. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16812 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17074
Editorial: the impact of red blood cell transfusion on inpatient mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Orpen‐Palmer Josh , Stanley Adrian J. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Radadiya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16965 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17053
Being helpful to other‐gender peers: School‐age children's gender‐based intergroup prosocial behaviour
Authors: Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Martin Carol Lynn , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eisenberg Nancy , DeLay Dawn , Hanish Laura D. , Fabes Richard A. , Oswalt Krista 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPromoting prosocial behaviour towards those who are dissimilar from oneself is an urgent contemporary issue. Because children spend much time in same‐gender relationships, promoting other‐gender prosociality could help them develop more inclusive relationships. Our goals were to better understand the development of school‐age children's intergroup prosocial behavior and the extent to which elementary school‐age children consider their own and the recipient's gender in prosocial behaviour. Participants included 515 3rd, 4th and 5th graders (263, 51.1% boys, Mageinyears = 9.08, SD = 1.00) surveyed in the fall (T1) and spring (T2). We assessed children's prosociality using peer nominations. Children became more prosocial toward same‐gender peers over time but prosocial behavior toward other‐gender peers remained stable. We found that gender mattered: Children showed an ingroup bias in prosociality favouring members of their own‐gender group. Having other‐gender friendships positively predicted children's prosocial behaviour towards other‐gender peers over time. Children's felt similarity to other‐gender peers was not directly, but indirectly, related to more prosocial behaviour toward other‐gender peers. Findings shed light on potential pathways to fostering school‐age children's intergroup prosocial behaviors.
Parent–offspring cannibalism throughout the animal kingdom: a review of adaptive hypotheses
Authors: Bose Aneesh P. H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTParents that kill and consume their offspring often appear to be acting against their own reproductive interests. Yet parent–offspring cannibalism is common and taxonomically widespread across the animal kingdom. In this review, I provide an overview of our current understanding of parent–offspring cannibalism, which has seen a proliferation in adaptive hypotheses over the past 20 years for why parents consume their own young. I review over four decades of research into this perplexing behaviour, drawing from work conducted on fishes, reptiles, insects, birds, and mammals among other taxa. Many factors have been hypothesised to explain parent–offspring cannibalism in nature, including poor parental energy reserves, small or large brood sizes, low or uncertain parentage, and high brood densities, and additional factors are still being uncovered. Parent–offspring cannibalism does not appear to have a single predominant explanation; rather, the factor, or set of factors, that govern its expression is largely taxon specific. Parents may either consume all offspring under their care (full‐brood cannibalism) or consume a fraction of their offspring (partial brood cannibalism). These forms of cannibalism are thought to provide adaptive benefits to cannibals under a range of circumstances, primarily by allowing parents to allocate parental efforts more optimally – energy from eating (some of) one's current offspring can be redirected to other offspring, or to parental growth, survival, and ultimately to other future reproductive endeavours. Thus, parent–offspring cannibalism is a phenotypically plastic trait that responds to changing environmental, social, and physiological conditions. The expression of parent–offspring cannibalism in any given system is intimately linked to the reproductive value of current young relative to parents' expectations for future reproduction, and also to whether parental care is predominantly depreciable or non‐depreciable. Furthermore, parent–offspring cannibalism has the potential to generate conflict between the sexes, and I briefly discuss some consequences of this conflict on patterns of mate choice. Finally, there still remain many aspects of this behaviour where our understanding is poor, and I highlight these topics to help guide future research.
Sticking around: Plant persistence strategies on edaphic islands
Authors: Ottaviani Gianluigi , Méndez‐Castro Francisco E. , Conti Luisa , Zelený David , Chytrý Milan , Doležal Jiři , Jandová Veronika , Altman Jan , Klimešová Jitka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimSpecies on islands are at high risk of extinction due to environmental changes, including global warming, land‐use alterations and invasions. At local scales, extinctions can be offset by strategies promoting in situ persistence. We explored how persistence‐related traits of plants—that is, linked to belowground resource conservation, growth, size and longevity—on edaphic islands respond to variation in insularity and the environment (soil and microclimate), including intraspecific variability, which is rarely considered in functional island biogeography. We hypothesised that plants facing strong insularity and harsh soil conditions are characterised by enhanced persistence abilities.LocationShallow‐soil temperate dry grasslands on granite outcrops, Central Europe.MethodsWe focussed on edaphic island specialist species belonging to different life histories, namely clonal and non‐clonal perennial plants. We used linear and linear mixed‐effect models to examine intra‐ and interspecific trait patterns versus variation in insularity, soil and microclimate.ResultsInsularity tended to promote smaller plants (non‐clonal species) and belowground resource‐conservative strategies (both clonal and non‐clonal species), increasing the likelihood of local persistence. Soil also contributed largely to explaining persistence‐related trait patterns: plants growing in harsh soil conditions tended to be resource conservative. Clonal species are distinguished by highly consistent responses to variation in insularity and soil conditions, whereas non‐clonal plants showed distinct species‐specific responses.Main conclusionsOur findings have important implications for the conservation biogeography of edaphic island plant specialists. Clonal species may be susceptible to local extinction should insularity or soil conditions vary, for example, due to abrupt changes in the geographical setting (e.g. habitat loss) or local environmental factors (e.g. N‐deposition). Non‐clonal species may instead face environmental changes differently; some will go extinct, whereas others will survive, depending on the prevailing abiotic pressures. This seems to challenge previous views that predicted clonal species to be the winners and non‐clonal species the losers against local extinction.
Complexation potentiated promising anti‐diabetic and anti‐oxidative synergism between ZN(ii) and ferulic acid: A multimode study
Authors: Matowane Godfrey R. , Ramorobi Limpho M. , Mashele Samson S. , Bonnet Susanna L. , Noreljaleel Anwar E. M. , Swain Shasank S. , Makhafola Tshepiso J. , Chukwuma Chika I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis study was done to investigate the anti‐diabetic and anti‐oxidative synergism between zinc(II) and ferulic acid through complexation.MethodsZinc sulphate was complexed with ferulic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio. The complex was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, proton NMR and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy techniques and evaluated for cellular toxicity. In silico, in vitro, cell‐based and tissue experimental models were used to test the anti‐diabetic and anti‐oxidant activities of the complex relative to its precursors.ResultsA zinc(II)‐biferulate.2H2O complex was formed. The in vitro radical scavenging, anti‐lipid peroxidative and α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activity of the complex was 1.7–2.1 folds more potent than ferulic acid. Zn(II) complexation increased the anti‐glycation activity of ferulic acid by 1.5 folds. The complex suppressed lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 48.6 and 331 μM) and GHS depletion (IC50 = 33.9 and 33.5 μM) in both Chang liver cells and isolated rat liver tissue. Its activity was 2.3–3.3 folds more potent than ferulic acid and statistically comparable to ascorbic acid. Zn(II) complexation afforded ferulic acid improved glucose uptake activity in L‐6 myotube (EC50 = 11.7 vs. 45.7 μM) and isolated rat muscle tissue (EC50 = 501 and 1510 μM). Complexation increased muscle tissue zinc(II) uptake and hexokinase activity. Docking scores of the complex (−7.24 to −8.25 kcal/mol) and ferulic acid (−5.75 to 6.43 kcal/mol) suggest the complex had stronger interaction with protein targets related to diabetes, which may be attributed to the 2 ferulic acid moieties and Zn(II) in the complex. Moreover, muscle tissue showed increased phospho‐Akt/pan‐Akt ratio upon treatment with complex. The complex was not hepatotoxic and myotoxic at in vitro cellular level.ConclusionZn(II) complexation may be promising therapeutic approach for improving the glycaemic control and anti‐oxidative potential of natural phenolic acids.
Trend analysis and forecasting of publication activities by Indian computer science researchers during the period of 2010–23
Authors: Kathiria Preeti , Arolkar Harshal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuge collections of published research documents are available in various repositories in Indian universities and research organizations. The efficient retrieval, estimation of research trends, and identification of research gaps with the global trend in different research areas, can be a great guiding tool for regulating research in the appropriate direction. This research attempts to analyse the trend of research activities carried out by Indian researchers in the discipline of Computer Science from 2010 to 19 and forecast the upcoming research trend for the years 2020–23. A repository of the abstracts based on domains given in the Computer Science Ontology (CSO) published by the Indian researchers is developed from the Scopus database. Document Index Graph document representation model is used to store the repository, shared phrases across the documents are extracted and phrase‐based similarity is computed. Combining the Single‐term and Phrase‐based similarity, the hybrid similarity is generated and similar documents are clustered using the DBSCAN clustering technique. Topics are identified for each cluster using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm and are automatically labelled using CSO. For each topic, the trend analysis and forecasting have been done using the Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average. For the assessment of the forecasting performance, the dataset from 2010 to 17 is used as a training dataset and 2018–19 as a testing dataset. The average forecasting for the year 2018 for all CSO domains belongs to the Good forecasting category with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) 18.34, and 2019 shows reasonable forecasting with MAPE 30.20 as per the MAPE interpretation given by Lewis. For each topic the average forecasting for years 2018–19 shows either Highly accurate, Good or Reasonable forecasting. As a result, the top four domains for the years 2020–23 are also identified which can help initial researchers in the identification of a relevant topic for research and exploration.
NEUE MENSCHEN, NEUE POETEN: EXPRESSIONISMUS, GENIE UND ARBEITERDICHTUNG
Authors: Hildebrandt Annika 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWhile the German Expressionists announced an end to bourgeois art, hopes of a literary revolution also rose in the labour movement. Since the 1910s, worker poets, such as Gerrit Engelke and Karl Bröger; literary critics, such as Julius Bab; and leading political figures of the Social Democratic Party such as Clara Zetkin, proclaimed a poetical breakthrough of the proletariat that was expected to challenge bourgeois poetry. This article examines the relationship between the literary and political programmes of Expressionism and new concepts of workers’ poetry at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using poetry, literary and cultural criticism, and political speeches, the paper traces how aesthetic and political discourses interacted in order to produce concepts of a collective, class‐specific genius.Während die deutschen Expressionisten ein Ende der bürgerlichen Kunst ausriefen, wurden auch in der Arbeiterbewegung Hoffnungen auf eine literarische Revolution laut. Seit den 1910er Jahren verkündeten dichtende Arbeiter wie Gerrit Engelke und Karl Bröger, Literaturkritiker wie Julius Bab und politische Leitfiguren der Sozialdemokratie wie Clara Zetkin einen poetischen Durchbruch des Proletariats, der die bürgerliche Dichtung unter Druck setzen werde. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Programmen des Expressionismus und Entwürfen einer Poetik der Arbeiterdichtung zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts in den Blick. Auf der Grundlage von Dichtung, Literatur‐ und Kulturkritik und politischen Vorträgen wird nachgezeichnet, wie ästhetische und politische Diskurse interagierten, um Konzepte eines kollektiven, klassenspezifischen Genies hervorzubringen.