bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User experience of home-based AbC-19 SARS-CoV-2 antibody rapid lateral flow immunoassay test
Authors: Jing Min , Bond Raymond , Robertson Louise J. , Moore Julie , Kowalczyk Amanda , Price Ruth , Burns William , Nesbit M. Andrew , McLaughlin James , Moore Tara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe urgent need to scale up testing capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the rapid development of point-of-care diagnostic tools such as lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for large-scale community-based rapid testing. However, studies of how the general public perform when using LFIA tests in different environmental settings are scarce. This user experience (UX) study of 264 participants in Northern Ireland aimed to gather a better understanding of how self-administered LFIA tests were performed by the general public at home. The UX performance was assessed via analysis of a post-test questionnaire including 30 polar questions and 11 7-point Likert scale questions, which covers the multidimensional aspects of UX in terms of ease of use, effectiveness, efficiency, accuracy and satisfaction. Results show that 96.6% of participants completed the test with an overall average UX score of 95.27% [95% confidence interval (CI) 92.71–97.83%], which suggests a good degree of user experience and effectiveness. Efficiency was assessed based on the use of physical resources and human support received, together with the mental effort of self-administering the test measured via NASA Task Load Index (TLX). The results for six TLX subscales show that the participants scored the test highest for mental demand and lowest for physical demand, but the average TLX score suggests that the general public have a relatively low level of mental workload when using LFIA self-testing at home. Five printed LFIA testing results (i.e. the ‘simulated’ results) were used as the ground truth to assess the participant’s performance in interpreting the test results. The overall agreement (accuracy) was 80.63% [95% CI 75.21–86.05%] with a Kappa score 0.67 [95% CI 0.58–0.75] indicating substantial agreement. The users scored lower in confidence when interpreting test results that were weak positive cases (due to the relatively low signal intensity in the test-line) compared to strong positive cases. The end-users also found that the kit was easier to use than they expected (p < 0.001) and 231 of 264 (87.5%) reported that the test kit would meet their requirements if they needed an antibody testing kit. The overall findings provide an insight into the opportunities for improving the design of self-administered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing kits for the general public and to inform protocols for future UX studies of LFIA rapid test kits.
The choice of the white clover population alters overyielding of mixtures with perennial ryegrass and chicory and underlying processes
Authors: Nölke Isabelle , Tonn Bettina , Komainda Martin , Heshmati Sara , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLegume-based forage plant mixtures are known to increase biomass production over the mixture species grown as pure stands (overyielding), which has partly been attributed to enhanced nitrogen availability by legumes. However, the relative importance of underlying processes of these positive diversity effects and their drivers are not fully understood. Here we assessed if outcome and causes of diversity effects depend on the legume-species genetic identity. Over five years, we cultivated different white clover (Trifolium repens) populations, a grass and forb species in pure stands and clover-based mixtures and recorded biomass yield. Complementarity and selection effects of mixtures and relative yields of mixture species were calculated based on both unfertilized and nitrogen-fertilized non-leguminous pure stands. Results showed that the clover population altered the overall strength of diversity effects as well as the direction and magnitude of their temporal trends, at least for the grass component of mixtures. Differences in diversity effects between clover populations diminished when fertilized instead of unfertilized non-leguminous pure stands were considered. Hence, a part of these differences likely results from dissimilar effects of clover populations on nitrogen availability. The findings reveal the possibility to improve overyielding of legume-based forage plant mixtures by decisions on legume-species genetic identity.
Tracking the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa using wastewater-based epidemiology
Authors: Johnson Rabia , Sharma Jyoti R. , Ramharack Pritika , Mangwana Noluxabiso , Kinnear Craig , Viraragavan Amsha , Glanzmann Brigitte , Louw Johan , Abdelatif Nada , Reddy Tarylee , Surujlal-Naicker Swastika , Nkambule Sizwe , Mahlangeni Nomfundo , Webster Candice , Mdhluli Mongezi , Gray Glenda , Mathee Angela , Preiser Wolfgang , Muller Christo , Street Renee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study uses wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to rapidly and, through targeted surveillance, track the geographical distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta and Delta) within 24 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Western Cape of South Africa. Information obtained was used to identify the circulating variant of concern (VOC) within a population and retrospectively trace when the predominant variant was introduced. Genotyping analysis of SARS-CoV-2 showed that 50% of wastewater samples harbored signature mutations linked to the Beta variant before the third wave, with the Delta variant absent within the population. Over time, the prevalence of the beta variant decreased steadily. The onset of the third wave resulted in the Delta variant becoming the predominant variant, with a 100% prevalence supporting the theory that the Delta variant was driving the third wave. In silico molecular docking analysis showed that the signature mutations of the Delta variant increased binding to host proteins, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism that increased viral infectivity of the Delta variant.
A novel composite of ionic liquid-containing polymer and metal–organic framework as an efficient catalyst for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Koohestani Fatemeh , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was then used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal–organic framework. The resultant composite was characterized with XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDS and elemental mapping analyses and its catalytic activity was appraised for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation. The results confirmed that the prepared composite could promote the reaction efficiently to furnish the corresponding products in high yields in very short reaction times. Moreover, the composite exhibited high recyclability up to six runs. It was also established that the activity of the composite was higher compared to pristine metal–organic framework or polymer.
On the feasibility of all-solid-state batteries with LLZO as a single electrolyte
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Karabay Dogan Tarik , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReplacement of Li-ion liquid-state electrolytes by solid-state counterparts in a Li-ion battery (LIB) is a major research objective as well as an urgent priority for the industry, as it enables the use of a Li metal anode and provides new opportunities to realize safe, non-flammable, and temperature-resilient batteries. Among the plethora of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) investigated, garnet-type Li-ion electrolytes based on cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) are considered the most appealing candidates for the development of future solid-state batteries because of their low electronic conductivity of ca. 10−8 S cm−1 (RT) and a wide electrochemical operation window of 0–6 V vs. Li+/Li. However, high LLZO density (5.1 g cm−3) and its lower level of Li-ion conductivity (up to 1 mS cm−1 at RT) compared to liquid electrolytes (1.28 g cm−3; ca. 10 mS cm−1 at RT) still raise the question as to the feasibility of using solely LLZO as an electrolyte for achieving competitive energy and power densities. In this work, we analyzed the energy densities of Li-garnet all-solid-state batteries based solely on LLZO SSE by modeling their Ragone plots using LiCoO2 as the model cathode material. This assessment allowed us to identify values of the LLZO thickness, cathode areal capacity, and LLZO content in the solid-state cathode required to match the energy density of conventional lithium-ion batteries (ca. 180 Wh kg−1 and 497 Wh L−1) at the power densities of 200 W kg−1 and 600 W L−1, corresponding to ca. 1 h of battery discharge time (1C). We then discuss key challenges in the practical deployment of LLZO SSE in the fabrication of Li-garnet all-solid-state batteries.
Oxidative stress and motion sickness in one crew during competitive offshore sailing
Authors: Giacon Tommaso Antonio , Bosco Gerardo , Vezzoli Alessandra , Dellanoce Cinzia , Cialoni Danilo , Paganini Matteo , Mrakic-Sposta Simona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompetitive Offshore Ocean Sailing is a highly demanding activity in which subjects are exposed to psychophysical stressors for a long time. To better define the physiological adaptations, we investigated the stress response of subjects exposed to 3-days long ocean navigation with disruption of circadian rhythms. 6 male subjects were involved in the study and provided urine and saliva samples before setting sail, during a single day of inshore sailing, during 3-days long ocean navigation, and at the arrival, to measure oxidative stress, cortisol, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and metabolic response. Motion Sickness questionnaires were also administered during the navigation. The crew suffered a mean weight loss of 1.58 kg. After the long navigation, a significant increase in ROS production and decrease in total antioxidant capacity and uric acid levels were observed. Lipid peroxidation, NO metabolites, ketones, creatinine, and neopterin levels were also increased. Furthermore, a significant increase in cortisol levels was measured. Finally, we found a correlation between motion sickness questionnaires with the increase of NOx, and no correlation with cortisol levels. Physical and psychological stress response derived from offshore sailing resulted in increased oxidative stress, nitric oxide metabolites, and cortisol levels, unbalanced redox status, transient renal function impairment, and ketosis. A direct correlation between motion sickness symptoms evaluated through questionnaires and NOx levels was also found.
Black Mirror: The impact of rotational broadening on the search for reflected light from 51 Pegasi b with high resolution spectroscopy
Authors: Spring E. F. , Birkby J. L. , Pino L. , Alonso R. , Hoyer S. , Young M. E. , Coelho P. R. T. , Nespral D. , López-Morales M. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The extreme contrast ratios between stars and their planets at optical wavelengths make it challenging to isolate the light reflected by exoplanet atmospheres. Yet, these reflective properties reveal key processes occurring in the atmospheres, and they also span wavelengths that include the potential O2 biosignature. High resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) offers a robust avenue for developing techniques to extract exoplanet reflection spectra.
Aims. We aimed to extract the optical reflected light spectrum of the non-transiting hot Jupiter 51 Pegasi b by adapting techniques designed to remove tellurics in infrared HRCCS to instead remove optical stellar lines. Importantly, we investigated the as of yet neglected impact of the broadening of the reflected host star spectrum due to the difference between the stellar rotation and the planet’s orbital velocity.
Methods. We used 484, R = 115 000 optical spectra of 51 Pegasi b from HARPS-N and HARPS, which we aligned to the exact stellar rest frame, in order to effectively remove the contaminating host star. However, some stellar residuals remained, likely due to stellar activity. We cross-correlated with an appropriately broadened synthetic stellar model to search for the planet’s Doppler-shifting spectrum.
Results. We detect no significant reflected light from 51 Pegasi b, and report a signal-to-noise (S∕N) = 3 upper limit on the contrast ratio of 76.0 ppm (7.60 × 10−5) when including broadening, and 24.0 ppm (2.40 × 10−5) without. These upper limits rule out radius and albedo combinations of previously claimed detections.
Conclusions. Broadening can significantly impact the ability of HRCCS to extract reflected light spectra and it must be considered when determining the contrast ratio, radius, and albedo of the planet. Asynchronous systems (Prot,⋆≠Porb) are most affected, including most hot Jupiters as well as Earth-size planets in the traditional habitable zones of some M-dwarfs.
Successive deuteration in low-mass star-forming regions: The case of D2-methanol (CHD2OH) in IRAS 16293-2422
Authors: Drozdovskaya Maria N. , Coudert Laurent H. , Margulès Laurent , Coutens Audrey , Jørgensen Jes K. , Manigand Sébastien 
Published: January 2022

Context. Di-deuterated molecules are observed in the earliest stages of star formation at abundances of a few percent relative to their nondeuterated isotopologs, which is unexpected considering the scarcity of deuterium in the interstellar medium. With sensitive observations leading to the detection of a steadily increasing number of di-deuterated species, it is becoming possible to explore successive deuteration chains.
Aims. The accurate quantification of the column density of di-deuterated methanol is a key piece of the puzzle that is missing in the otherwise thoroughly constrained family of D-bearing methanol in the deeply embedded low-mass protostellar system and astrochemical template source IRAS 16293-2422. A spectroscopic dataset for astrophysical purposes was built for CHD2OH and made publicly available to facilitate the accurate characterization of this species in astrochemical surveys.
Methods. The newly computed line list and partition function were used to search for CHD2OH toward IRAS 16293-2422 A and B in data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS). Only nonblended, optically thin lines of CHD2OH were used for the synthetic spectral fitting.
Results. The constructed spectroscopic database contains line frequencies and strengths for 7417 transitions in the 0–500 GHz frequency range. ALMA-PILS observations in the 329–363 GHz range were used to identify 105 unique, nonblended, optically thin line frequencies of CHD2OH for synthetic spectral fitting. The derived excitation temperatures and column densities yield high D/H ratios of CHD2OH in IRAS 16293-2422 A and B of 7.5 ± 1.1% and 7.7 ± 1.2%, respectively.
Conclusions. Deuteration in IRAS 16293-2422 is not higher than in other low-mass star-forming regions (L483, SVS13-A, NGC 1333-IRAS2A, -IRAS4A, and -IRAS4B). Di-deuterated molecules consistently have higher D/H ratios than their mono-deuterated counterparts in all low-mass protostars, which may be a natural consequence of H–D substitution reactions as seen in laboratory experiments. The Solar System’s natal cloud, as traced by comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, may have had a lower initial abundance of D, been warmer than the cloud of IRAS 16293-2422, or been partially reprocessed. In combination with accurate spectroscopy, a careful spectral analysis, and the consideration of the underlying assumptions, successive deuteration is a robust window on the physicochemical provenance of star-forming systems.
The dawn of a new era for dustless HdC stars withGaiaeDR3
Authors: Tisserand P. , Crawford C. L. , Clayton G. C. , Ruiter A. J. , Karambelkar V. , Bessell M. S. , Seitenzahl I. R. , Kasliwal M. M. , Soon J. , Travouillon T. 
Published: January 2022

Context.Decades after their discovery, only four hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars were known to have no circumstellar dust shell. This is in complete contrast to the ∼130 known Galactic HdC stars that are notorious for being heavy dust producers, that is the R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars. Together, they form a rare class of supergiant stars that are thought to originate from the merger of CO/He white dwarf (WD) binary systems, otherwise known as the double-degenerate scenario.Aims.We searched for new dustless HdC (dLHdC) stars to understand their Galactic distribution, to estimate their total number in the Milky Way, and to study their evolutionary link with RCB stars and extreme helium (EHe) stars, the final phase of HdC stars.Methods.We primarily used the 2MASS andGaiaeDR3 all-sky catalogues to select candidates that were then followed-up spectroscopically. We studied the distribution of known and newly discovered stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.Results.We discovered 27 new dLHdC stars, one new RCB star, and two new EHe stars. Surprisingly, 20 of the new dLHdC stars share a characteristic of the known dLHdC star HD 148839, having lower atmospheric hydrogen deficiencies. The uncovered population of dLHdC stars exhibits a bulge-like distribution, like the RCB stars, but show multiple differences from RCB stars that indicate that they are a different population of HdC stars. This population follows its own evolutionary sequence with a fainter luminosity and also a narrow range of effective temperatures, between 5000 and 8000 K. Not all the new dLHdC stars belong to this new population, as we found an indication of a current low dust production activity around 4 of them: the warm F75, F152, and C526, and the cold A166. They might be typical RCB stars passing through a transition time, entering or leaving the RCB phase.Conclusions.For the first time, we have evidence of a wide range of absolute magnitudes in the overall population of HdC stars, spanning more than 3 mag. In the favoured formation framework, this is explained by a wide range in the initial total WD binary mass, which leads to a series of evolutionary sequences with distinct maximum brightness and initial temperature. The cold Galactic RCB stars are also noticeably fainter than the Magellanic RCB stars, possibly due to a difference in metallicity between the original population of stars, resulting in a different WD mass ratio. The unveiled population of dLHdC stars indicates that the ability to create dust might be linked to the initial total mass. In our Galaxy, there could be as many dLHdC stars as RCB stars.
Scaling properties of magnetic field fluctuations in the quiet Sun
Authors: Giannattasio F. , Consolini G. , Berrilli F. , De Michelis P. 
Published: January 2022

Context.The study of the dynamic properties of small-scale magnetic fields in the quiet photosphere is important for several reasons: (i) it allows us to characterise the dynamic regime of the magnetic field and points out some aspects that play a key role in turbulent convection processes; (ii) it provides details of the processes and the spatial and temporal scales in the solar photosphere at which the magnetic fields emerge, vary, and eventually decay; and (iii) it provides physical constraints on models, improving their ability to reliably represent the physical processes occurring in the quiet Sun.Aims.We aim to characterise the dynamic properties of small-scale magnetic fields in the quiet Sun through the investigation of the scaling properties of magnetic field fluctuations.Methods.To this end, we applied the structure functions analysis, which is typically used in the study of complex systems (e.g. in approaching turbulence). In particular, we evaluated the so-called Hölder-Hurst exponent, which points out the persistent nature of magnetic field fluctuations in the field of view targeted at a whole supergranule in the disc centre.Results.We present the first map of a solar network quiet region as represented by the Hölder-Hurst exponent. The supergranular boundary is characterised by persistent magnetic field fluctuations, which indicate the occurrence of longer-memory processes. On the contrary, the regions inside the supergranule are characterised by antipersistent magnetic field fluctuations, which suggest the occurrence of physical processes with a short memory. Classical Kolmogorov homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, for instance, belongs to this class of processes. The obtained results are discussed in the context of the current literature.
Base/B2pin2-Mediated Iodofluoroalkylation of Alkynes and Alkenes
Authors: Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui , Wu Jianglong , Wang Chenyu , Wang Zhongjie , Li Hongjun , Liu Ruyan , Wang Yan , Zhou Pengsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA base/B2pin2-mediated iodofluoroalkylation of alkynes and a part of alkenes, using ethyl difluoroiodoacetate (ICF2CO2Et) or ICnF2n+1 (n = 3, 4, 6) as difluoroacetylating or perfluoroalkylating reagent, is disclosed. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and iododifluoroalkylation, hydrodifluoroalkylation and several perfluoroalkylation products were generated from alkynes or alkenes. Notably, this methodology provides a simple access to difluoroalkylated and perfluoroalkylated organic compounds starting from simple alkynes or alkenes.
Systematic Identification of the Main Constituents from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Their Metabolites in Rats using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
Authors: Mengmeng Song , Zhuicheng Xu , Sixuan Han , Xianjie Sheng , Yan Chen , Xinru Li , Yan Su , Qin Li , Chenxiao Shan , Tong Xie , An Kang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Agrimonia pilosa is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant, commonly known as agrimony or hairy agrimony. The dried aerial parts of this species have been widely used for the
treatment of acute diarrhea, hemostasis, and other inflammation-related diseases. However, information on the in vivo metabolism of A. pilosa constituents is limited. In this
study, the phytochemical profile of A. pilosa was investigated using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with a nontargeted diagnostic ion network analysis strategy. An information-dependent
acquisition method with multiple filters was utilized to screen possible prototypes and metabolites in complex biological matrices. Furthermore, various data-processing techniques were
applied to analyze possible prototypes and their metabolites in rat plasma, feces, and urine following oral administration of A. pilosa extract. A total of 62 compounds, which
belonged to five main structural classes (21 phenols, 22 flavonoids, 6 coumarins, 3 triterpenes, and 10 organic acids), were tentatively identified in A. pilosa. In addition, using
our proposed stepwise method, 32 prototypes and 69 metabolites were detected in rat plasma, feces, and urine. The main metabolic pathways after the oral administration of A. pilosa
extract were revealed to include methylation, dihydroxylation, demethylation, hydrolysis, sulfation, and glucuronidation. This comprehensive in vivo and in vitro identification
of the possible active components in A. pilosa could provide a basis for understanding its various pharmacological activities.
Spontaneous Regression of a Symptomatic Cyst of the Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Vergae
Authors: Krejčí Tomáš , Krejčí Ondřej , Lipina Radim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpontaneous regression of cysts of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and cavum vergae (CV) is rare and little discussed. The authors present their case report of this phenomenon following a severe headache in a 23-year-old woman, in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had previously confirmed significant thinning of the left lateral cyst wall. We consider this finding to be a possible predisposing factor to rupture and the spontaneous regression of such cysts. In addition to the mechanism of cyst regression, the interrelated causes of their expansion and formation will be discussed.