bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver and Human–Artificial Intelligence Concordance in Differentiating Between Invasive and In Situ Melanoma
Authors: Polesie Sam , Paoli John 
Published: February 2022

Background
Machine learning algorithms including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently made significant advances in research settings. Even though several algorithms nowadays are targeted directly to the consumer market, their implementation in clinical practice is still pending. Most melanomas are easy to recognize even without the aid of dermoscopy. Nonetheless, it is often more challenging to discriminate between invasive melanoma and melanoma in situ (MIS) in a preoperative setting even with the assistance of dermoscopy. Although several dermoscopic features suggestive of MIS and invasive melanomas have been presented, their usefulness in a larger setting is limited by how well physicians agree on their presence or absence.

Objective
The overarching aims of this research project are to identify useful dermoscopic features to help dermatologists predict melanoma thickness and to develop CNNs that can assist dermatologists in the preoperative assessment of melanoma thickness. The ultimate aim is to develop algorithms that can strengthen patient care, improve clinical decision-making, and be used in routine health care.

Methods
We have included dermoscopic images as well as clinical close-up images of invasive melanomas and MIS from our department during the time period of January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Using this image material, we have trained, validated, and tested two separated CNNs based on dermoscopic and clinical close-up images. We have also invited dermatologists to review the test sets and, for a subset of the dermoscopic images, asked them to specify the presence of prespecified dermoscopic features. Subsequently, we compared CNN outputs to the combined dermatologists’ output for all lesions and assessed the interobserver agreement for several dermoscopic features.

Results
The CNN developed using dermoscopic images performed on par with the invited dermatologists whereas the CNN using clinical close-up images was outperformed by the group of dermatologists. Two dermoscopic features (atypical blue-white structures and shiny white lines) both displayed a moderate to substantial interobserver agreement and were both indicative of invasive melanomas >1.0 mm.

Conclusions
CNNs used to differentiate between invasive melanomas and MIS might be an example of a clinically relevant machine learning application, but they need further refinement and evaluation in prospective clinical trials. Only a few dermoscopic features are helpful in distinguishing melanoma thickness.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
Recuerdos de juventud de un imperialista exiliado
Authors: Viveros Anaya Luz América 
Published: February 2022

En el artículo se propone una revisión de José Manuel Hidalgo y Esnaurrízar (1826-1896) como cronista de la vida en las cortes europeas, novelista del mundo aristócrata y autor del texto autobiográfico Recuerdos de juventud (1887). El estudio del autor fue obstaculizado durante más de un siglo por la visión negativa que se tuvo de su actuación política durante la Intervención Francesa y el Segundo Imperio. Sin embargo, Recuerdos de juventud revela la modernidad de su concepción ya que fue publicado entre los primeros que propiciaron el surgimiento del espacio autobiográfico en México. José Hidalgo recuerda su juventud como miembro de la legación de México en Roma, cuando el Papa Pío IX se encontraba refugiado en Gaeta por los conflictos políticos de mediados de siglo. En el artículo se señalan algunas características de la autofiguración del autor y los propósitos que pudo perseguir con su escritura.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Karakter PPK Aspek Kemandirian Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Siswa SD Kelas 4
Authors: Lestari Nia , Harjono Nyoto 
Published: February 2022

Kesulitan yang dihadapi guru saat ini adalah mengukur keberhasilan pembelajaran karakter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian karakter PPK aspek kemandirian menggunakan Skala Likert pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu siswa SD kelas 4 yang layak untuk digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research & Development dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Jenis data yang digunakan merupakan data primer berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket. Produk diujikan secara terbatas kepada 15 siswa kelas 4 yang berasal dari 3 sekolah berbeda. Data diolah menggunakan IBM SPSS 25 for Windows. Dari hasil uji terbatas diperoleh validitas dari 40 butir pernyataan yang diuji cobakan, 6 (15%) butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat validitas sangat tinggi, 25 (62,5%) katagori validitas tinggi, 6 (15%) katagori validitas cukup, 3 (7,5%) katagori validitas rendah, dan memiliki rata-rata rhitung sebesar 0,667 ≥ 0,20 maka instrumen dinyatakan valid. Reliabilitas instrumen memiliki alpha cronbach’s (α) sebesar 0.965 dengan kriteria sangat reliabel. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen penilaian karakter PPK aspek kemandirian pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu SD kelas 4 layak untuk digunakan. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu instrumen yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan oleh guru untuk mengukur pembelajaran karakter.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Tema Berbagai Pekerjaan dengan Fun thinkers
Authors: Upadani Ni Made , Tri Agustiana I Gusti Ayu , Astawan I Gede 
Published: February 2022

Adanya kesulitan pada guru dalam merancang pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa sehingga membuat siswa menjadipasif dan membuat kemampuan berpikir kritas siswa tidak berkembang. Berasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan adanya media pembelajaran yang dapat mengaktifkan siswa daam pembelajaran misalnya dengan media fun thinkers. Penelitian ini bertujuan utnuk memvalidasi media fun thinkers berbasis soal berpikir kritis untuk siswa SD kelas IV pada tema 4 berbagai pekerjaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 2 orang dosen sebagai ahli materi, 2 orang dosen sebagai ahli media, 2 orang guru sebagai respon praktisi, dan 10 siswa sebagai respon siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode kuesioner dengan instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat validitas media fun thinkers adalah rating scale berupa lembar penilaian media fun thinkers dari ahli. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus mean untuk mengetahui rata-rata skor validitas media fun thinkers berbasis soal berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan media fun thinkers yang telah dinyatakan valid berdasarkan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh dari ahli materi, ahli medi, guru, dan siswa dengan rata-rata beradada pada rentang 4.21 < Va < 5.00 dengan kualifikasi sangat valid. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa media fun thinkers berbasis soal berpikir kritis untuk siswa SD kelas IV tema 4 berbagai pekerjaan yang dikembangkan telah valid dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Digital transformation and its impact on our digital wellbeing
Authors: MacCallum Kathryn 
Published: February 2022

The pandemic has transformed how we engage with digital technologies. Technology is now used to support all facets of our daily lives, including work, learning, and enjoyment (Schleicher, 2020). While the pandemic may have accelerated our adoption, this upward trend has been happening for many years, and we are no longer in a world where the digital, virtual or online can be viewed as separate from our everyday life (Myers, Erikson & Small 2013). The effects of digitalisation have been felt at all levels, including education. As educators we can be optimistic, pessimistic or pragmatic about many of these changes, but they cannot be ignored (Gluckman & Allen, 2018).
The influence of digital transformation has highlighted the critical need to better manage our students' and our wellbeing. Wellbeing, as a concept has been challenging to define due to its complex and multi-faceted nature. More recent approaches have shifted towards ideas around the quality of life and the notion of flourishing in the positive psychology movement (Dodge et al 2012). In an endeavour to explain wellbeing which moves from the binary positive versus negative wellbeing, Dodge et al (2012), proposed that wellbeing is “the balance point between an individual’s resource pool and the challenges faced” (p. 230). In other words, people's wellbeing can be positively influenced if they are given the resources to address and overcome the adversities they face. Using their balance metaphor, a person's feeling of wellbeing can be stabilized when they feel that they have the psychological, social and physical resources and skills necessary to meet a particular psychological, social and/or physical challenge. This approach, therefore, acknowledges the see-saw effect of wellbeing but also that individuals have agency over their wellbeing.
So what does this mean for student wellbeing in the context of learning technologies? As highlighted by Gluckman and Allen, (2018) “to understand wellbeing in the 21st century requires an understanding of transformative digital technologies as drivers of change not just in human material circumstances, but also in human values and organisational systems that support wellbeing.” (p. 10). Therefore, when considering digital wellbeing we need to acknowledge the transformative power of digital technology to drive both positive and negative outcomes and ask how we can tip the balance by leveraging the positives of this transformation.
The presentation will explore the challenges that digital transformation brings to education and how as educators we can tip the balance to leverage technology to support our student’s and our digital wellbeing. The presentation will also focus on ways as educators we can use learning technologies to support students with the resources and skills to enhance their digital wellbeing.
“The Bible Will Stay in the Home”: Intergenerational Transmission of Books in Early Modern Transylvania
Authors: CRĂCIUN Maria 
Published: February 2022

Focused on the transmission of books from one generation to another, this study explores the connection between gender and book ownership by attempting to discover whether the ‘reading lists’ inadvertently compiled by testators for their offspring were informed by gender stereotypes and by specific perceptions of masculinity and femininity. By carefully considering the nature and content of these bequests, this study will try to identify the stereotypes attached to men and women’s relation to books and, ultimately, to knowledge and consequently explore the place of books in their lives within the boundaries set by their gender in terms of social roles, access to education and involvement in the public sphere. By analysing the dynamics of bequests involving books, this study aims to explore the complex motives that impacted on testators’ decisions, including concern for tradition and heritage. By looking at men and women as both donors and recipients of books, this article would like to identify emergent and possibly gendered reading cultures. Finally, by closely examining the intricacies of bequests recorded in probate inventories, this essay aims to highlight interaction within the family, vertically between generations and horizontally within them.

Article history: Received 30.11.2020, Revised 15.03.2021, Accepted 10.05.2021, Available online 03.02.2022.

Rezumat: „Biblia va rămâne în casă”: Transmiterea intergeneraţională a cărţilor în Transilvania modernă timpurie. Concentrat asupra transmiterii cărţilor de la o generaţie la alta, acest studiu îşi propune să exploreze conexiunea dintre gen şi cărţi încercând să descopere dacă lecturile recomandate involuntar de testatari pentru urmaşii lor erau influenţate de stereotipii de gen şi de percepţii specifice asupra masculinităţii şi feminităţii. Luând în calcul natura şi conţinutul acestor testamente, studiul va încerca să identifice aceste stereotipuri implicate în relaţia bărbaţilor şi femeilor cu .cartea şi, în cele din urmă, cu cunoaşterea. El va încerca să exploreze locul cărţilor în viaţa acestor indivizi în cadrele impuse de genul lor, din perspectiva unor roluri sociale, a accesului la educaţie şi a implicării în sfera publică. Analizând dinamica acestor testamente, studiul va reconstitui motivele complexe care au avut impact asupra deciziei testatarilor, inclusiv precuparea lor pentru tradiţie şi patrimoniul familiei. Luând în considerare atât bărbaţii cât şi femeile în ipostaza de testatari şi moştenitori articolul va încerca să identifice posibile culturi genizate ale lecturii. În final, examinînd cu atenţie complexităţile acestor testamente, aşa cum sunt ele reflectate de inventarele ataşate, articolul va încerca să pună în evidenţă interacţiunile dintre membrii familiei, vertical între generaţii şi orizontal în interiorul acestora.
Cuvinte cheie: carte, testament, gen, generaţie, cultura lecturii, roluri sociale, stereotipuri.
Statistical Analysis of the Election Results of Urban Representatives in Hungary between 1848 and 1918*
Authors: PAP József 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I will introduce our research results concerning the election of urban representatives. I focused on two issues: 1. What was the connection between the district and the representative, was he an outsider or a member of the local elite? 2. Can we identify groups whose representatives followed similar party preferences during elections at the time of the Dual Monarchy? The analysis is based on statistical methods. I conclude that the performance of candidates did not depend on the political attitudes of a given district. The causes of the given phenomena cannot be identified by macro-level research, but the macro-level research helps the local research by the establishment of categories within which the given local phenomena can be interpreted. The tables of this paper facilitate the national comparison of local research results.

Article history: Received 30.09.2020; Revised 20.03.2021; Accepted 05.05.2021; Available online 03.02.2022.

Rezumat: Analiza statistică a rezultatelor alegerilor reprezentanţilor oraşelor în Ungaria între 1848 şi 1918. Studiul prezintă rezultatele cercetării noastre privind alegerea deputaţilor urbani. Mă voi concentra pe două aspecte: 1. Care a fost legătura dintre circumscripţie şi deputat, dacă deputatul a fost un străin sau un membru al elitei locale? 2. Dacă putem identifica grupuri ai căror reprezentanţi au urmat preferinţe similare de partid în timpul alegerilor din timpul Monarhiei Duale? Analiza se bazează pe metode statistice. Am ajuns la concluzia că performanţa candidaţilor nu depindea de atitudinile politice al unui anumit cerc electoral. Cauzele fenomenelor nu pot fi identificate prin cercetare la nivel macro, dar cercetarea la nivel macro ajută cercetarea locală prin stabilirea unor categorii în cadrul cărora fenomenele locale pot fi interpretate. Tabelele acestei lucrări facilitează compararea naţională a rezultatelor cercetării locale.
Cuvinte cheie: alegeri, deputaţi orăşeneşti, Monarhia Austro-Ungară, analiză statistică, circumscripţii electorale.
Potensi Tumbuhan Genus Phyllanthus sebagai Imunomodulator dan Antiinflamasi
Authors: Oktarina Dewi Ria , Susilawati Yasmiwar , Halimah Eli 
Published: February 2022

Sistem kekebalan adalah sistem pertahanan tubuh, yang bertujuan untuk mengenali dan merespons dari berbagai macam patogen atau cedera untuk melindungi tubuh. Sistem imun dapat mengalami ketidakseimbangan yang berdampak pada inflamasi yang tidak terkontrol dan menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Dalam mengatasinya diperlukan imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi. Tumbuhan yang memiliki efek imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi yaitu tumbuhan meniran (genus Phyllanthus). Diketahui tumbuhan yang masih satu genus dengan meniran yang memiliki kemiripan kandungan kimia. Kesamaan kandungan kimia dari masing-masing tumbuhan genus Phyllanthus berkemungkinan memiliki efek dan potensi aktivitas yang sama. Tujuan dari artikel review ini adalah untuk menelusuri potensi aktivitas imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi tumbuhan genus Phyllanthus. Pencarian sumber dilakukan secara elektronik melalui situs PubMed. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran didapatkan 43 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria penulisan. Senyawa tumbuhan genus Phyllanthus seperti: filtetralin, filantin, etil 8-hidroksi-8-metil-tridekanoat, 1,7,8-trihidroksi-2-naftaldehida, corilagin, geranin, tanin, kuersetin, rutin, dan asam galat berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator dengan cara mengatur respon imun humoral dan respon imun seluler. Senyawa tumbuhan genus Phyllanthus seperti: asam galat, filantin, hipofilantin, fisetin, katekin, corilagin, geranin, urolitin A, dan englerin A, telah terbukti berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi dengan cara mengatur regulasi sitokin, enzim, dan protein inflamasi, serta menargetkan jalur persinyalan inflamasi.
Identifikasi dan Predileksi Ektoparasit Kepiting Bakau (Scylla spp.) dari Ekosistem Mangrove Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) Ngurah Rai, Bali
Authors: Muttaqin Ilham , Julyantoro Pande Gde Sasmita , Sari Alfi Hermawati Waskita 
Published: February 2022

This research aims to know the various types, predilections, prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites on mud crab (Scylla spp.) and water quality condition in Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) Ngurah Rai, Bali. This research was conducted in TAHURA mangrove ecosystem which has 219 hectare of research area near to Pemogan village from February to April 2018. The research used descriptive method by using random sampling for collecting data. Mud crabs obtained in this research consisted of 21 individual mud crabs that belong to 3 species, namely Scylla olivacea (11 ind), Scylla serrata (9 ind), and Scylla tranquebarica (1 ind). The observations results found 5 types of ectoparasites namely Zoothamnium sp. (2021 ind), Epistylis sp. (955 ind), Carchesium sp. (7 ind), Vorticella sp. (98 ind), and Octolasmis sp. (201 ind). Organs infected by ectoparasitic are legs (517 ind), swimming legs (476 ind), carapace (740 ind), claws (1348 ind), and gills (201 ind). The highest prevalence rate obtained was Zoothamnium sp. and Epistylis sp. about 95,23% while the lowest prevalence rate was Carchesium sp. about 4,76%. The highest level of intensity was Zoothamnium sp. about 101,05 ind/crab, while the lowest intensity obtained on Carchesium sp. with 7 ind/crab. The condition of water quality was still considered optimal for mud crab (Scylla spp.) life with average temperature of 29,9 ºC, dissolved oxygen 6,6 mg/L, salinity 20‰, and pH 7,39.
Transparansi Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah di Era Pandemi Covid-19: Peran Sistem Informasi Pemerintahan Daerah
Authors: Kartika I Gusti Ayu Yuli , Gorda A. A. N. Eddy Supriyadinata 
Published: February 2022

Transparency in the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) is one manifestation of Good Governance. This study aims to examine the effect of accessibility, internal control system, and performance-based budgeting on APBD transparency with the application of the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) as an intervening variable. This research was conducted at the Bali Province Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD). The research population is all civil servants in BPKAD and the sampling technique used is saturated sampling. Structural equation model is used as a data analysis tool. The results showed that the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) positively mediated the influence of accessibility, internal control systems, and performance-based budgeting on APBD transparency.
Keywords : Accessibility; Internal Control System; Performance Based Budgeting; Transparency.
Pengaruh Perlakuan pH dan Suhu terhadap Stabilitas Ekstrak Alga Merah (Gracilaria sp.) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Keron Odilia , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan 
Published: February 2022

Phycoerytrin is a red pigment found in red algae. Red algae Gracilaria sp. potential to be a source of natural dye because it contains phycoerythrin. Phycoerythrin is unstable to light, pH, and temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH and temperature on the stability of the dye extract from the red algae Gracilaria sp. and determine the pH and temperature that best maintain the constancy of the red algae Gracilaria sp. extract during storage. The design in this study used a completely randomized design with two factors, namely pH and temperature. First factor was the pH treatment which consist of three levels namely pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 and second factor was initial temperature consist of two levels, namely 4±2?C and 28±2?C. The results showed that pH had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the total phycoerythrin, brightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) at weeks 2, 3, 4. Temperature treatment has a very significant effect on the total phycoerythrin and brightness (L*) at weeks 3 and 4, as well the level redness (a*) and the level yellowness (b*) at weeks 2, 3 and 4. At pH 4 and cold temperature (4±2?C) were the best treatments to maintain the stability of the red algae Gracilaria sp. extract during storage. They had the lowest decrease in phycoerythrin levels and redness (a*), and had the smallest increase in brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Extract that were stored for 4 weeks with pH 4 and temperature 4±2?C treatment had decrease in total phycoerythrin, increase in brightness (L*), decrease in redness (a*), and increase in yellowness (b*) successively was 13.04%, 0.47%, 6.58%, dan 3.50%.
Keywords : Gracilaria sp. extract, phycoeriythrin, pH, temperature, stability
Karakteristik Minyak Jelantah Hasil dari Proses Pemurnian dengan Ampas Tebu pada berbagai Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Pengadukan
Authors: Hakim Rian , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Arnata I Wayan 
Published: February 2022

Used cooking oil is cooking oil that has been used over and over again. Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for soap and biodiesel. However, before being used, the used cooking oil must be purified using an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effect temperature and stirring time on the characteristics of used cooking oil purified with bagasse and determine the best temperature and stirring time to produce the best characteristics of used cooking oil. This study used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the adsorption temperature which consists of 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C. The second factor was the stirring time which consists of 3 levels, namely: 60, 70, and 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the adsorption temperature and stirring time significantly affected the clarity, water content, free fatty acid content, and brightness level. The interaction between treatments had a very significant effect on the level of clarity and brightness. The best treatment of the used cooking oil refining process using bagasse is the treatment at 100°C temperature and 80 minutes stirring time, with the characteristics of a clarity level of 0.149±0.010 A, 0.13±0.02% water content, 0.21±free fatty acid content. 0.02% and a brightness level of 47.37±0.01L*.
Keywords : Used cooking oil, temperature, stirring time, sugarcane bagasse.