bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of malnutrition and nutritional risks in aged individuals between 65 and 84 years in Turkey
Authors: Durmaz Ceyda , Kalkan Indrani 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Nutritional inadequacy, physical impairments, and degenerative diseases are the main causes of a general deterioration in health and quality of life in aged individuals.

OBJECTIVE:
The to determine malnutrition and nutritional risks in Turkish aged individuals by evaluating nutritional status and recording anthropometric measurements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Eight hundred and eighty-seven Turkish aged individuals aged between 64 and 85 years participated in the study. Nutritional habits were interrogated by face to face interview method. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], waist, hip, and upper-middle arm circumference), nutritional screening index (NSI), and mini nutritional assessment scale (MNA) were used to evaluate nutritional status and malnutrition risk among the participants.

RESULTS:
As per MNA, 29.8% of females, 22.1% of males were at malnutrition risk whereas 4.5% of females and 4.3% of males were malnourished. In NSI evaluations, 23.3% of females and 17.1% of males were at medium risk whereas, 12.6% of females and 6.5% of males were in high-risk category. A moderate positive correlation was found between the BMIs of the individuals and upper-middle arm circumferences (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was found between MNA and NSI scores (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
It is necessary to evaluate the nutritional and health status of elderly people at a regular basis. Further studies are required for suitable nutritional intervention or recommendations for the aged group.
Skin damage due to personal protective equipment among health-care professionals in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital of tribal India
Authors: Jaisinghani Avatarkishan , Gupta Vikas , Gour Neeraj , Sharma Munish Kumar 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Health-care professionals (HCPs) are at much greater risk of infection due to the exposure to the highly infectious bodily fluids and droplet nuclei and needed use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the transmission risk. The present study was conducted with an aim of estimating the prevalence of various types of skin injuries among HCPs due to PPE usage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining the institutional ethical approval in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital for a period of 4 months among 276 HCPs wearing grade 2 and 3 PPE kit. The survey questionnaire (Google Forms) was focused on collecting the subject's baseline data (age and gender), duty hours, and type of skin injury experienced due to PPE usage. Chi-square analysis was used to find the association of between dependent and independent variables, and an association was significant for P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
51.5% of subjects wore the PPE kit for 5 or more days/week during duty hours and 64.5% of subjects daily wore the PPE kit for 2 or more hours. 81.7% of subjects have suffered from skin injury after PPE usage. The most common symptom/sign for the skin injury that occurred was indentation and pain on the back of the ears (61.5%).

CONCLUSION:
The frequent skin injuries due to PPE among the HCPs might make them anxious and reduce their morale at work place, so an effective preventive measure should be adopted.
Comparative analysis of plyometrics and core training on performance indices of Indian handball players
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Patel Deepesh , Shenoy Shweta , Sandhu Jaspal Singh 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Handball is a strenuous contact sport placing emphasis on running, jumping, throwing, hitting, blocking, and pushing. Various technical and tactical skills are required for this dynamic sport, namely speed, agility, balance, power, strength, and coordination. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the changes in the physical fitness components with 8 weeks of plyometric training and core training given to the handball players and to compare the effect of both training methods on the handball players.

METHODS:
Sixty players were randomly selected to participate in the study. The players were divided into three groups, namely Group A (plyometric), Group B (core), and Group C (control) (n = 20 each). The speed was assessed with 40 m dash sprint, agility by Illinois agility test, and lower limb power by isokinetic dynamometer (BIODEX). The experimental group underwent their respective trainings, and the control underwent conventional training. The posttraining results were recorded after 8 weeks of training.

RESULTS:
There was a significant difference within the groups, but there was no significant difference between the three groups.

CONCLUSION:
Both training methods were equally beneficial for the improvement in sprinting speed, Illinois agility test, and lower limb power.
A study on adiponectin, uric acid, and C-reactive protein in prediabetic and diabetic subjects
Authors: Sharma Rachna , Anand Pallavi , Kumar Shrawan 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Diabetes and prediabetes are always on the rise over the past decade, but little is known about the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus dysfunction in young adults. The study was conducted in prediabetic and diabetic patients in order to belong to an anti-inflammatory hormone adiponectin and pro-inflammatory marker uric acid (UA) in these patients and also to determine the role of these markers in future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This case–control study was conducted at Rama Medical College and Hospital, Kanpur. Out of 400 participants recruited, 140 subjects were control, 140 were prediabetics, and the remaining 120 were controlled. The detailed history of the patients regarding age, gender, height, weight, and family history regarding obesity and other chronic illnesses was taken. Patients with medical complications or diseases and conditions that may affect levels of inflammatory markers were excluded from the study. The data analysis was done using SPSS 16 and the results were presented as mean ± standard deviation where P < 0.05 has been considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The adiponectin level was found significantly decreased and C-reactive protein and UA levels were increased in both study groups (prediabetes and diabetes) while comparison was done with control group. Similarly, basic parameters including waist/hip ratio, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose were increased.

CONCLUSION:
The study showed that prediabetes and diabetes are diseases of inflammatory origin with a high level of pro-inflammatory molecules. These medications are not only potent risk factors for prediabetes and diabetes but also mediate significant future CVD risk in these patients.
Comparative study of hemostasis file in newly diagnosed leukemia patients and healthy persons at the Hematology and Blood Transfusion Department, National Hospital, Abuja
Authors: Yashim Nuhu Andrew , Obazee Dorcas Yetunde , Ajani Olumide Faith , Abiodun Paul Olaiya , Ajani Love Adeiye , Sanni Felix Olaniyi 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Hemostasis is a complicated and multifaceted condition that often leads to the stoppage of bleeding from injuries. At presentation, blood coagulation irregularities are common in patients with acute leukemia.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to compare hemostasis profiles of newly diagnosed leukemia patients with healthy persons.

METHODOLOGY:
This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Hematology and Blood Transfusion Department of the National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria, from June 2018 and May 2020 among 30 newly diagnosed leukemia patients and 30 healthy persons. Complete blood counts, platelets, hemoglobin, total white blood count, packed cell volume prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fibrinogen were assayed on patients' venous blood using the standard methods. Data analysis was done using software IBM-SPSS version 25. Associations between the variables were determined using Student's t-test taking a P < 0.05 as significant.

RESULTS:
The mean and median age of the leukemia patients was 45.8 ± 10.73 and 41 years, respectively. The mean value of PT (21.2 ± 0.9 seconds) and APTT (39.0 ± 1.4 seconds) was raised significantly (P < 0.001) in leukemia patients than in control (4.8 ± 0.3 s) and (13.9 ± 0.3 s). The mean value of ESR among leukemia patient was 41.7 ± 4.6 mm/h, while it was 29.6 ± 0.4 mm/h in control (P < 0.001). Mean value of fibrinogen reduced significantly 181.9 ± 3.70 mg/dl in leukemia patients as compared to control 261.6 ± 5.21 mg/dl (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
This study found significant differences in hematological and hemostasis profiles levels between leukemia and healthy persons, which shows the presence of inflammation.
Magnitude of underweight and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months visiting health center in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Firehiwot , Demessie Tsegaye , Abdo Ziyad Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Millions of children in low-income countries suffer from malnutrition, which continues to be the most important public health problem in developing countries. Although the proportion of underweight has declined in Addis Ababa, it remains a leading cause of illness and death in children <5 years. Therefore, this study aims to close the knowledge gap by assessing the prevalence and factors related to underweight among children aged 6–59 months who visit the health centers in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An institutional-based, quantitative cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study. Systematic sampling system was applied to select 422 study participants. The data were collected via interview using a structured questionnaire. Weight of children was taken according to the recommended standard procedures. WHO Anthro software was used to convert anthropometric measurements into Z-scores. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:
The overall underweight prevalence among under-five children was 9.9% with 95% CI (7.2–12.8). Participants from low household income (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.97), children having a history of diarrhea (AOR = 14.7; 95% CI: 3.7–23.3), children who were frequently ill (AOR = 12.7; CI = 1.02–15.1), children who were not frequently breastfed (AOR = 9.3; CI = 1.6–12.9), children who were given prelacteal foods at birth (AOR = 11.7; CI = 2.2–13.9), and children from family which used public toilet (AOR = 5.4; CI = 1.05–6.5) were more likely to be underweight than their respective counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION:
Prevalence of underweight was 9.9% is even better than the nation. Strengthening behavior change activities, enable mothers to avoid giving prelacteal foods and increase the frequency of breastfeeding should be in place to prevent diarrhea and promoting environmental cleanness are recommended.
Oxidative stress in sickle cell anemia can be a prognostic marker for disease severity
Authors: Satam Neha N , Patil Vinayak W , Marar Thankamani , Garg Deepa 
Published: June 2022

CONTEXT:
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) or sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain. There are reports that increase in oxidative stress may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCA.

AIM:
The present study aims to investigate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status in SCA patients to understand the incidence of increased oxidative stress in the populace of tribal Palghar region of Western Maharashtra.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Patients with SCA (n = 250) and age- and sex-matched healthy persons (n = 250) as controls from the primary health center of Palghar were included in this study. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants.

RESULTS:
Activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-trasferase, catalase, and level of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, Vitamin E and C decreased significantly in SCA participants when compared to controls. The level of lipid peroxides and activity of superoxide dismutase increased significantly above normal in SCA participants. SCA is characterized by the increased generation of reactive-oxygen species resulting in oxidative damage of various cell types, including erythrocytes and this chronically elevated oxidative stress in SCD might play a significant role in the increased autoxidation of Sickle hemoglobin (HbS), increased intravascular hemolysis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and chronic inflammatory complications.

CONCLUSION:
The present study indicates that oxidative stress can be considered one of the prognostic markers to evaluate the clinical severity of the SCA participants.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in tyre factory workers – An observational study
Authors: Heggannavar Anand , Naik Snusha 
Published: June 2022

CONTEXT:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are considered major public health problems and the leading cause of occupational injury. Activities such as prolonged standing, repetitive task, awkward sitting posture, heavy lifting, pulling, and pushing may result in functional impairment and pain due to poor working conditions and absence of work injury prevention programs.

AIM:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs in factory workers.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
An observational study was carried out in a tyre factory in India.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Two hundred and fifty-two (n = 252) male workers aged 21–59 years with at least 1 year of job tenure were included in this observational study. The assessment was done using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data analysis was done using Chi-square test to calculate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

RESULTS:
The most commonly affected body regions of factory workers in 12 months were neck and lower back with P = 0.001and P = 0.146, and problems faced in the past 7 days were more common in the lower back and neck with P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively. This study reported the highest prevalence in the neck (62.7%) and lower back (54.8%). The REBA tool revealed a majority of the workers emerged under the category of high risk.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study concluded that neck and lower back regions were found to be more commonly affected, and a majority of workers emerged into high-risk category.
Impact of vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary habits and age on body composition and bone mineral density of office workers
Authors: Singh Vishwendra Vikram , Yadav Angad , Bansal Amit , Singh Vijay Kumar , Verma Saroj Kumar , Saxena Shiva , Kirar Vandana , Singh Mrinalini , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Singh Som Nath 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is important for skeletal health. Several factors such as age, gender, dietary habits, exposure to sunlight, lifestyle, and bodyweight influence BMD directly or indirectly. People living in metropolitan cities are at risk of low BMD due to low Vitamin D status and less physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate BMD status of office workers and also establish a correlation between body composition and BMD with different age groups and dietary habits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was carried out on 175 participants with 124 males and 51 females. Body composition was determined using bioelectrical impedance and BMD measurements were made using peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

RESULTS:
A strong and positive correlation was observed between body composition and BMD. Fat-free mass (FFM) has a more significant correlation than fat Mass with BMD. Handgrip strength was significantly higher in the right forearm (RF) of nonvegetarians. When compared with the Indian reference range, 20% of males and 23.5% of females had low BMD at the measurement site, ultradistal forearm. Both male and female participants below 30 years of age had higher BMD compared to participants above 30 years of age.

CONCLUSION:
It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in BMD of vegetarians and nonvegetarians. It was also seen that the bone density decreases while the age increases. It may be due to inadequate nutrition, poor lifestyle, physical inactivity, and many more. Bone health is a major public concern and should be taken seriously where osteoporosis and fracture risks are considered.
Blended Learning Challenges During COVID-19: A Case of Cost Accounting 2 Students at a Selected South African Higher Education Institution
Authors: Gqokonqana Onke , Olarewaju Odunayo Magret , Cloete Melanie Bernice 
Published: June 2022

Every sector in the twenty-first century makes use of technology for its activities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education institutions are not exceptional. However, the cohorts enrolled in the selected higher education institution are from technologically challenged backgrounds. This suggests that in their previous schooling, technology was unemployed as a learning aid. As this may present some challenges for such students, this study aims to investigate challenges experienced by Cost Accounting 2 students who are from a technologically disadvantaged background. To accomplish that, a quantitative approach was used since it permits surveys to be delivered to the entire impacted population while also reducing sampling error. Because of the Coronavirus, online questionnaires were sent to 400 students, but only 119 (n=119) responded. Blended learning was found to be an effective technique for learning Cost Accounting 2 since the university provided sufficient information on how to use the system. However, there was a lot of discussion about internet access, learning materials access, and library resource access. Based on the findings, blended learning is excellent for studying Cost Accounting 2 as long as the learning management system is customised such that students can navigate it effortlessly. Management must work with internet service providers to try stabilise internet connectivity in the students’ neighbourhoods. The additional study can be done using a variety of research methods and target other groups of students.
“Descendants of the Executioners” in the Space of Memory about the Era of Political Repressions (on the example of the Project “The Investigation of Karagodin”)
Authors: Zevako Yulia V. 
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the problem of the place of “descendants of the executioners” in the space of memory of the era of political repression. The article discusses questions about the attitude of the “moral community” that has developed around the victims of repression and their descendants towards the “descendants of the executioners” – on the example of the analysis of the case with D. Karagodin’s project “The Investigation of KARAGODIN”. The study shows that the specified moral community, using the mechanism of dehumanization in relation to the “executioners” (as a mechanism for constructing the image of the enemy), tends to transfer these characteristics to their descendants – despite the fact that, for the most part, the “descendants of the executioners” are “honest descendants”, since they practically do not know / did not know anything about the professional activity and specific actions of their ancestors. Differences were also revealed, causing tension between the acceptable and unacceptable reactions prescribed by the moral community to kinship with the “executioners” and the variety of real experiences of the “descendants of the executioners”. The article analyzes the semantic aspects of the concept of “descendants of executioners”. The author of the article shows that these semantic aspects are often built on different grounds and can intersect, giving rise to internal conflicts including those of ethical nature. The article concludes that the “descendants of the executioners” (“honest descendants”) today are actually not represented in the space of memory of the era of political repression. In the context of increasing government influence to the memory of the era of political repression, and, as a result, of increased tension between the state and the moral community, representatives of this community are not always ready to perceive the voices of the “descendants of the executioners”, who are often associated with modern representatives of the state, alongside with the voices of “descendants of the victims”. All these circumstances significantly complicate the formation of “symmetrical memory” as a condition for successful processing of the difficult past.
Memorial Narrative and Procedural Aspects of Cultural Exclusion
Authors: Troitskiy Sergey A. 
Published: June 2022

The article focuses on the process of deploying a public memorial narrative and its impact on cultural memory and the processes of cultural exclusion. The author proposes to look at several aspects using new methodological solutions: how the public memorial narrative is formed; why the narrative does not fall apart if different people participate in its deployment; how the memorial narrative preserves excluded experience; how the research of cultural memory benefits from video game study approach. The main goal is to find out how the excluded cultural experience is preserved, if the main task of deploying a public narrative is to displace the “superfluous”. Several analytical concepts are proposed: the key point, the interpretive bundle, the zero point, the descriptive bolvanka, the procedural rhetoric of cultural memory, the chronotope of the public memorial narrative and others. Through these notions it is possible to explain some processes of narrative pragmatics related to emotions, behavior, presumptions and stereotypes. The article is intended for a wide range of readers interested in public history, the history of emotions, narratology, the theory of cultural exclusion and frontier zones.
The Reflection of Traumatic Memories in Estonian Autobiographical Comics
Authors: Laineste Liisi , Semykolennykh Maria V. 
Published: June 2022

Humour has been celebrated as a way to cope with trauma – through disaster jokes, wartime humour and death-related humour in general, the joke-tellers alleviate the painful experiences and memories of these. But there is another side to this coin. Humour may trivialise the negative experience, especially because black humour is not only the priority of the victims. It can be shared by both those who lived through the trauma as well as those that caused it, e.g. the oppressors themselves. The way this trivialises the trauma is obvious: we laugh at others’ suffering, hence we don’t take it seriously.
Standard theories of humour state that in order for a situation to generate humour, a certain tension or conflict combined with some distance from it is needed. At the same time, humour has been created also under difficult situations and extreme danger, which is the case with war humour. Its format can vary – be it verbal or visual – but the content carries similar features. This article describes the main features of humorous reminiscence of the WWII in Estonian post-war comic books. I will look more closely at two such examples from a collection of Estonian life stories. The first is a comic fictitious life story titled “Refugee: Refugee life in pictures” published in a refugee camp in Germany in 1946, very popular at its time. The other was first published only in 2006, but written in 1948, and is a comic depiction of war-time life as seen by the author Raoul Edari who fled to Germany during WWII. The material will lend grounds to discuss the influence of trauma and its humorous representation.