bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the growth and development differences of children and adolescents between developed and undeveloped urban and rural areas in China
Authors: Ling Ruizhe , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur study use the height and weight data of Chinese students aged 7–18 years from 1985 to 2014 to investigate the inequality and changing trend of height and weight of children and adolescents in different regions.MethodsOur study extracted data from the 1985, 2000, and 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) for a comparative analysis of the height and weight of children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in a developed city (Shanghai) and an underdeveloped province (Guizhou). The coefficients of variation (CVs) of height and weight between urban and rural boys and girls were also calculated.ResultsSince 1985, the height difference between urban and rural areas has decreased from 4.24 to 2.41 cm for boys and 3.72 to 1.99 cm for girls. The weight difference for boys and girls increased from 1.83 to 3.10 kg and from 0.97 to 1.80 kg, respectively. However, from 1985 to 2014, the height and weight differences between Shanghai and Guizhou increased. In addition, from 1985 to 2014, the coefficient of height variation was greater for rural students than urban students while the coefficient of weight variation was greater for urban students than rural students.ConclusionsAlthough the difference between urban and rural areas has recently decreased, the difference between developed area (Shanghai) and underdeveloped area (Guizhou) has increased. In particular, the difference in height and weight between children in developed areas (Shanghai) and non‐developed areas (Guizhou) has become larger since 1985–2014, rather than gradually decreasing over time.
Botulinum toxin to improve facial expression in a patient with Urofacial (Ochoa) Syndrome
Authors: Barbon Carlotta , Grünherz Lisanne , Schweizer Riccardo , Lindenblatt Nicole , Giovanoli Pietro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Urofacial or Ochoa Syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder that includes vesical bladder dysfunction and a peculiar inverse facial expression, which brings patients to express a sad‐crying face while they intend to laugh. Up‐to‐date treatments have addressed only the urological side of this disease. However, also the impaired facial mimicry has a strong impact on patients' quality of life. We treated a young patient with Botulinum toxin to address this impairment and obtained pleasing results, including a harmonic smile and a very satisfied patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the use of Botulinum toxin is reported in literature to address the facial expression component of this disease.
Affinity‐Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors: Natural versus Biomimetic Receptors
Authors: Campuzano Susana , Pedrero María , Torrente‐Rodríguez Rebeca M. , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review delves into the titanic research efforts carried out during the last years on affinity‐based wearable electrochemical biosensors, using both natural (antibodies) and biomimetic (aptamers, peptides and molecular imprinted polymers) receptors. The rationale and application of selected representative strategies is critically discussed, ending with realistic and futuristic visions of the technical barriers, challenges and prospects in the development and adoption of these biodevices in daily routines to ensure well‐being against known, unknown and unexpected threats.
Neural networks and genetic algorithm as robust optimization tools for modeling the microbial production of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Brewers’ spent grain
Authors: Imandi Sarat Babu , Karanam Sita Kumari , Nagumantri Radhakrishna , Srivastava Rajesh K. , Sarangi Prakash Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research work has been carried out to establish the combinatorial impact of various fermentation medium constituents, used for poly‐β hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis. Model development was performed with an optimized medium composition that enhanced the biosynthesis of PHB from the biowaste material Brewers’ spent grain (BSG). The latter was used as a carbon substrate in submerged fermentation with Bacillus sphaericus NCIM 2478. Three independent variables: BSG, yeast extract (YE), and salt solution concentration (SS) and one dependent variable (amount of PHB produced) were assigned. A total of 35 microbial fermentation trials were conducted by which a nonlinear mathematical relationship was established in terms of neural network model between independent and dependent variables. The resulting artificial neural networks (ANNs) model for this process was further optimized using a global genetic algorithm optimization technique, which predicted the maximum production of PHB (916.31 mg/L) at a concentration of BSG (50.12 g/L), concentration of YE (0.22 g/L), and concentration of SS (24.06%, v/v). The experimental value of the quantity of PHB (concentration ∼916 mg/L) was found to be very close to the value predicted by the ANN–GA model approach.
Mixed ligand octahedral Zn(II) complex of N^N^O donor tridentate Schiff base ligand and N^N donor bidentate bipyridine ligand: Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and cytotoxicity
Authors: Vijayan Thamilarasan , Pugazhenthi Mani , Nasirian Azam , Kim Jinheung , Kasi Gopinath , Jayamani Arumugam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTridentate NNO donor Schiff base ligand and its mixed ligand zinc(II) complex were synthesized stoichiometrically and characterized by electronic, infrared, mass spectral techniques and elemental analysis. To understand the DNA binding ability, the complex was investigated by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques in presence of calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA). The binding studies showed that the zinc complex interacts with DNA by groove binding mode with intrinsic binding strength of 2.11 × 105 M−1 and with bovine serum albumin the complex showed dynamic quenching attributed for changes in the secondary structure of BSA with efficient interaction. The MCF‐7 cell line studies of the zinc(II) complex with 90.8 μM IC50 value revealed that the complex is effective for the breast cancer cell line and has a potential as anticancer drug. Furthermore, the tridentate ligand and its mixed ligand zinc complex were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities, which showed better antimicrobial activity for complex.
Effects of acute high‐altitude exposure on working memory: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Wang Li , Sang Linqiong , Cui Yu , Li Pengyue , Qiao Liang , Wang Qiannan , Zhao Wenqi , Hu Qiu , Zhang Najing , Zhang Ye , Qiu Mingguo , Chen Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionInadequate oxygen availability may lead to impairment of neurocognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute high‐altitude exposure on the cerebral hemodynamic response and working memory.MethodsThe same subjects performed working memory exercises with forward and backward digit span tasks both under normal oxygen conditions and in large simulated hypobaric hypoxia chambers, and a series of physiological parameters were evaluated. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to measure cerebral blood flow changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the tasks.ResultsCompared with normoxic conditions, under hypoxic conditions, the heart rate and blood pressure increased, blood oxygen saturation decreased significantly, and the forward task had similar accuracy and response time, while the backward task had lower accuracy and longer response time. Neuroimaging analysis showed increased activation in the DLPFC during the forward task and deactivation during the backward task under hypobaric hypoxia conditions.ConclusionAcute high‐altitude exposure leads to physiological adaptations. The abnormal hemodynamic responses of the DLPFC to hypoxia at low pressure reveal the disruption of neurocognitive function by acute high‐altitude exposure, which compromises complex cognitive functions, and provides a promising application for functional near infrared spectroscopy in the exploration of neural mechanisms in the brain during high‐altitude exposure.
A new FDA approved stent for congenital heart disease: First‐in‐man experiences with G‐ARMORTM
Authors: Morgan Gareth J. , Zablah Jenny 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present the first clinical experience with a new hybrid cell structure covered stent, designed for congenital heart disease applications. It represents a significant redesign of the Cheatham Platinum (CP) Stent (Numed Inc.), maintaining the traditional benefits of the covered CP whilst significantly decreasing shortening and allowing controlled flaring at the ends through its combination of larger and standard sized cells. We first implanted the stent in 2 patients with superior sinus venosus defects with anomalous drainage of the right upper and middle lobe pulmonary veins. The first was a 40 year male and the second a 36 year old female. The third case was a 60 year old patient with near atresia of the aorta, with pre and poststenotic aortic dilation. The clinical result in all cases was excellent with no obstruction to pulmonary venous return and no visible L‐R shunt on the transthoracic echo on 24 h and 2 week follow‐up for the patient with sinus venosus defects and uniform complete revascularization of the aorta without any vascular complications in the patient with coarctation. These are the first uses of this stent in human subjects. The design is specifically aimed toward procedures where stent shortening is undesirable. Hence, coarctation of the aorta as well as stent implantation in preparation for percutaneous pulmonary valve placement are obvious use areas, as well as the growing body of evidence supporting percutaneous treatment of sinus venosus defects.
Trade‐offs between ion‐conducting and mechanical properties: The case of polyacrylate electrolytes
Authors: Lu Guoli , Zhang Yaojian , Zhang Jianjun , Du Xiaofan , Lv Zhaolin , Du Junzhe , Zhao Zhiming , Tang Yue , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Guanglei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolymer electrolytes (PEs) have been long recognized as the key materials to enable energy‐dense batteries and render flexible energy devices practically viable, owing to their chemical and mechanical reliability. However, much of their promise is yet to be realized. The room‐temperature ion conductivity of existing PEs still falls short of the implementation criterion of 10−4 S cm−1 on the promise of acceptable mechanical properties, thereby precluding their practical application. The twin but inversely related duties of polymers, that is, functioning as both an ion‐conducting medium and a structural backbone, underlie this issue but are less elucidated systematically. The polyacrylate (PA) family is among promising polymer matrices on account of ester polarity, electrode compatibility, chemical tunability, and mechanical durability. The extensive applicability of PA in plasticized gels, dry solids, and emerging composites makes PA‐based PEs representative to illustrate the trade‐off between ion conduction and mechanical strength. We herein seek to outline the stated long‐standing conflict exemplified by PA‐based PEs, focusing on crucial strategies toward balancing and reconciling the two mutually exclusive properties, with the intention of offering designing guidelines for next‐generation PEs.
Sequential C−H Methylation Catalyzed by the B12‐Dependent SAM Enzyme TokK: Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Selectivities
Authors: Deng Wen‐Hao , Liao Rong‐Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTokK is a B12‐dependent radical SAM enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the β‐lactam antibiotic asparenomycin A. It can catalyze three methylations on different sp3‐hybridized carbon positions to introduce an isopropyl side chain at the β‐lactam ring of pantetheinylated carbapenem. Herein, we report a quantum chemical study of the reaction mechanism of TokK. A stepwise ‘‘push‐pull’’ radical relay mechanism is proposed for each methylation: a 5’‐deoxyadenosine radical first abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate in the active site, then methylcobalamin directionally donates a methyl group to the substrate. More importantly, calculations were able to uncover the origin of observed chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity for the first methylation and regioselectivity for the following two methylations. Further detailed distortion/interaction analysis can help to unravel the main factors controlling the selectivities. Our findings of sequential methylations by TokK could have profound implications for studying other B12‐dependent radical SAM enzymes.
Seismic P‐wave first‐arrival picking model based on EQK‐IncResNet
Authors: Li Gang , Mengge Yuan , Li Yu , Huang Jingang , Zhang Ling , Zhang Haixuan , Han Zhenhua 
Published: November 2022

SummarySeismic P‐wave first arrival picking is one of the critical problems in seismic source research. At present, the picking of seismic P‐wave first arrival mainly relies on the combination of traditional methods and manual picking. However, traditional algorithms have poor picking performance and low manual picking efficiency, which cannot meet the needs of research and application. Based on the deep learning network InceptionResNet‐V2, this paper proposes an improved network (EQK‐IncResNet) that can be used for seismic P‐wave first arrival picking. Compared with traditional methods, this model does not need to set the threshold manually and only needs to input the three‐component data of the seismic waveform data to intelligently identify the first‐arrival of the seismic P‐wave. This model has a lightweight structure and excellent feature extraction capabilities, which can effectively identify low signal‐to‐noise ratio data. The experimental results show that within the error thresholds of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 s, the hit rate of this method is 74.45%, 96.79%, and 98.68%, respectively. The average picking error is 0.031 s, which is better than the traditional methods such as AR‐AIC + STA/LTA and the mainstream deep learning methods such as GRU.
Implementation of a real‐time stereo vision algorithm on a cost‐effective heterogeneous multicore platform
Authors: Saidi Taki Eddine , Khouas Abdelhakim , Amira Abbes 
Published: November 2022

SummaryStereo vision is a major computer vision technique commonly used for robotics applications. Existing software implementations of this technique on general‐purpose processors offer low time‐to‐market compared to other platforms. However, such implementations can hardly achieve real‐time and their cost is usually relatively high. These issues can be solved by embedded multicore platforms. In this article, we present a low‐cost, improved software implementation of a stereo matching algorithm in the correlation stage that combines a sparse rank transform with a combination of sum of absolute differences 1‐D and 2‐D box filtering algorithms. A circular buffer scheme is used to optimize memory usage during the rank computation stage. The system runs on a heterogeneous multicore platform (ODROID XU4). Through the extensive use of single instruction multiple data Neon intrinsics, the system can process images with a size of pixels and a disparity range of 20 pixels at a rate of 111 frames per second. The proposed system can be used in mobile robot platforms that require low power consumption while delivering real‐time performance.
Toward inclusivity: A systematic review of the conceptualization of sexual minority status and associated eating disorder outcomes across two decades
Authors: O'Flynn Jennifer L. , Nowicki Genevieve P. , Laveway Katherine , Gordon Allegra R. , Rodgers Rachel F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveSexual minority (SM) groups (e.g., those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, queer, asexual, or those who feel their sexual orientation identity cannot be captured with existing terminology [LGBQA+] and those who report same‐sex or same‐gender attraction and/or behavior) are at elevated risk for eating disorder (ED) symptoms and behaviors. However, the ways in which this risk varies across SM is less clear, and findings are not fully convergent. Evolution in the definition and assessment of SM status may contribute to this divergence. The aim of this study was to systematically review how sexual orientation and SM status have been assessed in the ED literature and how this may relate to patterns of associations between SM status and ED symptoms.MethodsA systematic review of the literature focused on ED symptoms and behaviors and SM groups was conducted, yielding 182 studies.ResultsFive categories were created reflecting SM status assessment: identity only (n = 105), attraction only (n = 8), behavior only (n = 4), combinations of identity, behavior, or attraction (n = 58), and articles with unclear or insufficient information about SM status assessment (n = 7). SM status operationalizations varied across studies, with more inclusive assessments in more recent work. Findings revealed persistent conflicting patterns of disordered eating symptomatology for some SM groups. In addition, decisions to selectively combine SM participants in some studies, most often to increase power, decreased the specificity of their results in relation to differential risk and protective factors within specific LGBQA+ groups.DiscussionFindings highlight the importance of inclusive assessments of sexual orientation in the ED literature and research focused on underrepresented groups with intersecting identities. Identifying modifiable targets for intervention is a critical next step.Public SignificanceSexual minority (SM) groups have been identified as presenting elevated risk for eating disorder symptoms and behaviors. Our findings suggest that the level of risk is variable across SM groups and points to the need for multi‐dimensional assessments of SM status, and increased focus on the function of disordered eating behaviors and different profiles that might emerge related to efforts to modify physical appearance or to regulate emotion.
Phenotyping new rapeseed lines based on multiple traits: Application of GT and GYT biplot analyses
Authors: Gholizadeh Amir , Oghan Hassan Amiri , Alizadeh Bahram , Rameeh Valiollah , Payghamzadeh Kamal , Bakhshi Behnam , Dalili Seyed Alireza , Kia Shahriar , Shariati Farnaz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe selection based on multiple traits enhances the crop cultivars merit to farmers. In this regard, 19 breeding lines as well as two commercial cultivars were studied using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in three locations during the 2020–2021 growing season. In this study, to identify the association among different traits and to select the best rapeseed lines based on multiple traits, genotype × trait (GT) and genotype × yield × trait (GYT) biplot analyses were used. The results showed that using GYT biplot is more efficient than GT biplot. Based on the GYT biplot and superiority index (SI), the breeding lines G16 and G18 were considered as superior genotypes in combination with the agronomical traits, that is, 1000‐seed weight, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of lateral branches, plant height, and pod length with seed yield, which represents a genetic gain in rapeseed breeding program. Based on seed yield combination with phenological traits (early maturity), the breeding line G15 was selected as the best one. Moreover, the line G2 was defined as the superior one in combination of seed yield with pod length. The results indicated that there is a potential for simultaneous genetic improvement of the characteristics (i.e., plant height, number of seeds per pod, early maturity) in rapeseed. Generally, the graphical method of the GYT biplot represented an efficient and practical new way to recognize superior genotypes based on multiple traits in rapeseed breeding programs.
Theoretical study of superheated vapor effect on liquid film condensation in a saturated porous medium using Forchheimer's model
Authors: Duwairi Hamzeh , Yaseen Ahmad Bani , Alrbai Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, the superheated vapor effect on liquid film condensation in a saturated porous medium using Forchheimer's model has been investigated analytically and numerically. The applied governing equations, the continuity equation, the Forchheimer equation, and the energy equation were transformed using the similarity transformation technique into a dimensionless form using a set of suitable variables and then solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta method. Results obtained were graphically drawn to illustrate the effects of superheated vapor and subcooled liquid on the liquid film condensation, temperature, and heat transfer rate through the porous medium. It was found that the film thickness is a function of dimensionless parameters related to the degree of subcooling and Grashof number without a superheating effect. Consequently, the Nusselt number depends on the square root of the Rayleigh number, the Grashof number, and the dimensionless film thickness. It was also found that if superheating exists, the liquid film thickness then depends on four dimensionless parameters related to the Grashof number, the degree of subcooling of the liquid, the extent of the superheating of the surrounding vapor, and a property ratio of the liquid and the vapor phase.
Employee competency, diversity, and firm value
Authors: Le Linh , Nie Dongfang , Ta Anh , Prybutok Victor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe relationship between employee quality and firm outcomes is extensively explored in the literature. Prior research focuses on examining the quality of top managers in a limited number of industries or using smaller datasets. This study fills this literature gap using demographic characteristics from Metropolitan Statistical Areas, where firm headquarters are located as a proxy for employee quality. The findings show that firms with high employee quality in terms of employee competency and diversity exhibit higher firm value. The results show that ensuring the availability of an educated and diverse workforce provides long‐lasting firm value.
Vibrational spectrum of a 1D oscillator: The quantum, the Wigner, and the classical ways
Authors: Tan Jake A. , Takahashi Kaito 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfrared spectra have been used in many chemical applications, and theoretical calculations have been useful for analyzing these experimental results. While quantum mechanics is used for calculating the spectra for small molecules, classical mechanics is used for larger systems. However, a systematic understanding of the similarities and differences between the two approaches is not clear. Previous studies focused on peak position and relative intensities of the spectra obtained by various quantum and classical methods, but here, we included “absolute” intensities in the evaluation. The infrared spectrum of a one‐dimensional (1D) harmonic oscillator (HO) and Morse oscillator were examined using four treatments: quantum, Wigner, truncated Wigner, and classical microcanonical treatments. For a 1D HO with a linear dipole moment function (DMF), the quantum and Wigner treatments give nearly the same spectra. On the other hand, the truncated Wigner underestimates the fundamental transition's intensity by half. In the case of cubic DMF, the truncated Wigner and classical methods fail to reproduce the relative intensity between the fundamental and second overtone transitions. Unfortunately, all the Wigner and classical methods fail to agree with the quantum results for a Morse oscillator with just 1% anharmonicity.