bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping gaseous dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ammonia, and their particulate counterparts in marine atmospheres of China’s marginal seas – Part 2: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity, causes, and hypothesis
Authors: Gao Yating , Chen Dihui , Shen Yanjie , Gao Yang , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Spatiotemporal heterogeneities in the concentrations of
alkaline gases and their particulate counterparts in the marine atmosphere
over China's marginal seas were investigated in terms of causes and chemical
conversion during two winter cruise campaigns, using semi-continuous
measurements made by an onboard URG-9000D Ambient Ion Monitor-Ion
Chromatograph (AIM-IC, Thermo Fisher). During the cruise campaign over the East China Sea from 27 December 2019 to 6 January 2020, the concentrations
of gas-phase atmospheric trimethylamine (TMAgas) varied by approximately 1 order of magnitude, with an average (± standard
deviation) of 0.10±0.04 µg m−3 corresponding to a mixing ratio of 26±17 pptv. Corresponding mean values were 0.037±0.011 µg m−3 (14±5 pptv in mixing ratio) over the Yellow
Sea during the period from 7 to 16 January 2020 and
0.031±0.009 µg m−3 (12±4 pptv in mixing ratio) over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea from 9 to 22 December 2019. By contrast, the simultaneously
observed concentrations of TMA in PM2.5, detected as TMAH+, over
the East China Sea were 0.098±0.069 µg m−3 and
substantially smaller than the 0.28±0.18 µg m−3 observed
over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea from 9 to 22 December 2019. A significant correlation between TMAgas and particulate TMAH+ was
observed over the East China Sea, but no correlation was found over the
Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Proportional or disproportional variations in
concentrations of TMAgas with particulate TMAH+ over the sea zones
were probably attributed to the difference in the enrichment of TMAH+
in the sea surface microlayer. In addition, spatiotemporal heterogeneities
in concentrations of atmospheric ammonia (NH3gas), atmospheric
dimethylamine (DMAgas), and DMA in PM2.5, detected as DMAH+,
were investigated. Case analyses were performed to illustrate the formation
and chemical conversion of particulate aminium ions in marine aerosols.
Finally, we hypothesized the release of basic gases and particulate
counterparts from the ocean to the atmosphere, together with the secondary
formation of DMAH+ and chemical conversion of TMAH+, in the marine
atmosphere.
ANALISIS SISTEM TERMAL PADA DOUBLE DRUM WATER TUBE BOILER UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI SATURATED STEAM PENGARUH RASIO UDARA BAHAN BAKAR
Authors: Manggala Agus , Tahdid Tahdid , Anggriani Yendah Septi 
Published: February 2022

Energi fosil seperti minyak bumi, gas alam, batubara dan lain-lain adalah energi yang saat ini sebagian besar digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dan umumnya menggunakan ketel uap (boiler) untuk mengkonversi energi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan efisiensi ketel uap (boiler) akan mengurangi konsumsi energi dalam pembangkit maupun sektor industri lain. Pengupgradean dilakukan berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yaitu pada sistem injection boiler feed water, sistem control secondary udara pembakaran, serta sistem control air pada steam drum. Double Drum Water Tube Boiler digunakan untuk mengkonversikan air menjadi uap, dimana sumber panas untuk pemanasan berasal dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar yang ada di ruang bakar . Double Drum Water Tube Boiler ini memiliki dua drum yang saling menyilang ke sumber panas dan tube dipasangkan berlawanan arah dengan drum. Bahan bakar yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu bahan bakar cair solar. Tujuan keseluruhan dari penelitian ini agar proses dapat dilakukan secara steady state. Meteode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan saturated steam. Variabel berubah yaitu rasio udara bahan bakar sedangkan variabel tetap yaitu air umpan dan jumlah bahan bakar. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan titik optimal kinerja alat Double Drum Water Tube Boiler yaitu pada rasio udara bahan bakar 17.57 , dimana effisiensi boiler yang didapatkan sebesar 65.62 %, dengan temperature steam yang dihasilkan sebesar 158,92 ?, tekanan steam sudah mencapai tekanan optimum yaitu sebesar 5 bar serta rasio penguapan boiler sebesar 10,46.
Клёны (Acer L.) Ботанического сада Петра Великого Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук
Authors: Фирсов Геннадий Афанасьевич , Ткаченко Кирилл Гавриилович , Трофимова Анна Сергеевна 
Published: February 2022

Род клён (Acer L.; Sapindaceae) включает около 170 видов. Виды этого рода очень значимы в дендрологии. Их широко используют в городском озеленении. За почти 310-летнюю историю Ботанического сада Петра Великого Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова РАН было испытано порядка 150 видов. В настоящее время в коллекции парка Ботанического сада представлен 71 таксон (виды и декоративные формы). Род клён является ведущим по числу видов и форм среди всех древесных растений, культивируемых в Санкт-Петербурге, очень важный в декоративной дендрологии и городском озеленении. Изучение коллекции клёнов Ботанического сада Петра Великого показало, что многие виды и формы могут быть рекомендованы для внедрения в практику городского озеленения. Для семенного размножения следует отбирать семена классов 4 и 5, которые гарантировано будут обеспечивать сеянцами питомники.

БлагодарностиРабота выполнена в рамках госзадания по плановой теме «Коллекции живых растений Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова (история, современное состояние, перспективы использования)», № АААА-А18-118032890141 – 4.
Correlation of fiber intakes with incidence of constipation in the elderly
Authors: Gemini Savitri , Lolo Lestari Lorna , Sumiati Sumiati , Ezdha Awaliyah Ulfah Ayudytha , Susanti Neny Yuli 
Published: February 2022

Constipation becomes one of the diseases that are often suffered by the elderly, many factors that affect constipation one of which is fiber intake. The goal of the study was to find out the relationship of fiber intake with the incidence of constipation in the elderly (elderly). The research is conducted with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples in the study as many as 65 elderly, sampling using purposive sampling techniques. The majority of research results obtained fiber intake of fewer than 50 people (76.9%), constipation as many as 34 people (52.3%), adequate fiber intake as many as 15 people (23.1%), and not constipation as many as 31 people (47.7%). The chi-square test result was p-value 0.010 (? = <0.05), suggesting there was a meaningful relationship between fiber intake and constipation events. The conclusion of a study of less fiber intake can result in constipation in the elderly. The implications of the research are shown so that the elderly can maintain fiber intake patterns and avoid the occurrence of constipation.
Pathways for Reducing Military Spending in Post-civil Conflict Settings
Authors: Lopes da Silva Diego , Tian Nan , Marksteiner Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

High military spending is a common and consequential legacy of civil conflict. Reducing military spending can yield valuable economic gains and further contribute to the recovery of post-civil conflict societies. However, little is known about the conditions that enable military spending reductions in a conflict’s aftermath. This SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security tackles this issue and provides a comparison of post-civil conflict conditions and military burden—military spending as a share of gross domestic product—outcomes. It builds on a comparative analysis of 19 post-civil conflict episodes between 1970 and 2020, as well as three detailed case studies, to identify common pathways to post-civil conflict military burden reductions. This research finds that reductions in military burden usually follow peace agreements that encompass trustworthy and legitimate verification mechanisms, the strengthening of institutional means to resolve grievances, and improvements in relations with neighbouring countries.
Dispersal into the Qinghai–Tibet plateau: evidence from the genetic structure and demography of the alpine plantTriosteum pinnatifidum
Authors: Liu Hai Rui , Khan Gulzar , Gao Qingbo , Zhang Faqi , Liu Wenhui , Wang Yingfang , Fang Jie , Chen Shilong , Afridi Sahib Gul 
Published: February 2022

Triosteum pinnatifidumMaxim., an alpine plant, is traditionally used for several medicinal purposes. Here, both chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear low copy sequence markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure ofT. pinnatifidum. Materials were collected from thirteen localities in the northeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent highlands and advanced analytical toolkits were used to access their origin and range shifts. The results revealed a higher level of population differentiation based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) concatenated sequences compared with the nuclear DNA sequences (FST= 0.654 for cpDNA,FST= 0.398 for AT103), indicating that pollen flow was still extensive inT. pinnatifidum. A decline in haplotype variation was observed from the plateau edge and adjoining highlands toward the platform of the QTP. The hypothesis “dispersal into the QTP,” proposing thatT. pinnatifidumexperienced migration from the plateau edge and adjacent highlands to the platform, was supported. These results were in line with the hypothesis that multiple refugia exist on the plateau edge and adjacent highlands rather than on the plateau platform. Our unimodal mismatch distribution, star-like network supported a recent expansion inT. pinnatifidum.
BIRC5 promotes cancer progression and predicts prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Xuanyu , Cheng Jinsheng 
Published: February 2022

Background
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains one of the most common respiratory tumors worldwide. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) is a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein family. BIRC5 plays an important role in various types of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the specific role of BIRC5 in LSCC remains unclear.

Methods
To provide a prognostic biomarker for LSCC, we screened the prognostic genes of LSCC via bioinformatics. PPI network and KEGG pathways were used to select hub genes. Clinical prognoses were performed using a Kaplan–Meier plotter and Cox proportional-hazard analysis. BIRC5 expression in LSCC tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Flow Cytometry assay, respectively.

Results
Here, BIRC5 was strongly correlated with higher tumor grade and differentiation. BIRC5 was highly expressed in LSCC tissues when compared with normal tissues and increased expression of BIRC5 was associated with overall survival in LSCC patients. The suppression of BIRC5 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of LSCC cells. The survival analysis confirmed that higher level of BIRC5 expression predicted poor prognosis of LSCC patients. BIRC5 may act as an oncogene of LSCC development and was suggested as a promising prognostic biomarker for LSCC.
Bowel Gangrene in Neonate Born to COVID Mother – Is it a Manifestation of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Newborn?
Authors: Supriya M. A. , S. Gubbari Chinthan , Reddy Chikkanarasa , Govindarajan Varun , Kariyappa Mallesh 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Pregnant mothers with SARS-CoV2 infection are postulated to transfer anti-COVID-19 antibodies to their fetus, which may lead to cytokine storm and fetal inflammatory syndrome, similar to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Manifestations of this newly emerging entity are not elucidated, but MIS in Newborn (MIS-NB) must be suspected whenever a neonate born to COVID positive mother is presenting with unusual symptoms.
Clinical Description: We report a preterm, low birth weight, Monochorionic Diamniotic (MCDA) twin neonate born to COVID positive mother who developed abdominal distension in first few hours of life, initially suspected to have small bowel atresia. Baby had elevated inflammatory panel and given IVIG, suspecting MIS-NB. Intraoperatively the baby was noted to have gangrenous bowel, which required extensive surgical resection, but baby succumbed postoperatively.
Conclusion: This report highlights possible intestinal manifestations of possible COVID-19 related fetal inflammatory syndrome.
Growth and Yield Performance of Baby Corn (Zea mays l.) as Influenced by Row Spacing and Phosphorus Application in Black Cotton Soils of Krishna Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Mydhili Teja R. P. S. , Ravichandra K. , Dawson Joy 
Published: February 2022

Baby corn has a high monetary value, which allows for crop diversification value addition, and revenue generating. As a result, agro-techniques for its cultivation must be standardised. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during the rabi season in black clayey soils at Fodder Production Farm of Livestock Research Station, Sri Venkateswara veterinary University, Lam Farm, Guntur-522034, Andhra Pradesh, India to find out the Influence of different levels of phosphorus (40, 50, 60 kg/ha) and various row spacings (40 x 15 cm, 45 x 15 cm, 50 x 15 cm) on growth and yield of baby corn. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. It is observed that crop established with 50 x 15 cm spacing along with application of 50 kg/ha Phosphorus produced Maximum growth attributes viz. Plant height (161.10 cm), Numbers of leaves (12.47), Plant dry weight (90.21 g/plant) and yield attributes viz. No. of cobs/ plant (4.03), Length of cob (24.34 cm), Length of corn (9.47 cm), Cob weight (56.38 g), corn weight (11.61 g), Cob yield (35696.67 kg/ha), Corn yield (7560 kg/ha).
Effect of Planting Techniques and Nitrogen Scheduling on Productivity and Profitability of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumar Mukesh , Naresh R. K. , Singh Adesh , Kumar Satendra , Singh P. K. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The present experiment was carried out at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India, to study the effect of planting techniques and nitrogen scheduling on scented wet rice, water productivity and soil health in Inceptisol during kharif season of 2019 and 2020.
Study Design: Experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) using crop planting techniques as main plot and nitrogen scheduling as sub plot factor.
Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was conducted during the kharif season of 2019 and 2020 at the Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India.
Methodology: The main factors consist of four planting techniques viz., Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBs), Reduced Tillage Transplanted Rice (RT-TPR), Unpuddled Transplanted Rice (UTR) and Conventional Transplanted Rice (CTR), the sub factors consist of six nitrogen scheduling variables viz., Control, 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 100% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI) and Real Time N Management through LCC. Observations on crop yield and attributing parameters were recorded at the harvest of crop. Crop was harvested manually at full physiological maturity. The straw yield was obtained by subtract grain yield from the total biomass yield, recorded plot wise after sun drying and computed to q ha-1.
Results: Highest yield recorded under conventional transplanting which was statistically at par with FIRBs and significantly higher than UTR and RT-TPR. Among the nitrogen scheduling practices the highest yield and NPK uptake was obtained with Real Time N Management through LCC which was statistically at par with 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI) and 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), lowest yield and nutrient uptake was obtained in control treatment during both the years of study. Highest net return and B: C ratio was recorded under furrow irrigated raised beds transplanted rice.
Conclusion: Basmati rice gave the higher yield under CTR and net return was associated with FIRBs. Therefore, it may be concluded that transplanting of rice on FIRBs with real time nitrogen management through LCC might be a better option to get higher productivity and profitability of basmati rice.
Studies on the Effectiveness of Wild and Commercialstrains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Culture during Backsloping for Yoghurt Production
Authors: Labbo Z. , Onuh O. A. , Mbochi A. C. , Shanu M. A. , Olukotun G. B. , Wood T. T. , Okolie E. C. 
Published: February 2022

Yogurt is one of the traditionally fermented dairy products which are usually prepared with lactic acid bacteria cultures containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. This starter culture could be prepared in addition to other bacteria as probiotics. Yoghurt has gained widespread consumer acceptance as a healthy diet. Yoghurts products are produced in Nigeria by using the imported starter culture bacteria and has played significant roles in helping dairy farmers convert their short-life, highly perishable fresh milk to fairly more stable products like cheese and yoghurt which are highly nutritious too for both low-and high-income earners. However, there are concerns over the growing food and food-related import dependency in the sub-African countries and Nigeria in particular which have increased during the last few years. The selection of indigenous starter culture strains withthecapacity for backsloping in yoghurt production might reduce importation and improve economy in a way. A foundamental benefit of backsloping is that it reduces the fermentation time while successfully maintaining sensory attributes of the product. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of backsloping fermentation of milk using indigenous and commercial (Exotic) strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Yoghurt fermentation was carried out by backsloping method using three commercial (Exotic) formulated cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus; ES07, ES32 and ES14 respectively as well aswild (isolated) formulated culture strains; WS11, WS65 and WS13 respectively and were used to produce yoghurt using backsloping method.. The overall sensory attributes of yoghurts produced using exotic compared with indigenous strains showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in term of acidification and coagulation ability. The pH of fermented products using commercial cultures ranged from 4.53-5.32, While pH of yoghurts produced using isolated cultures ranged from 4.35 – 4.72, total plate count 2.7 x 107- 2.3 x 108cfu/ml during the 10 hour fermentation times.The overall acceptability were in the decreasing order; WS65>WS11>ES07>WS13>ES14>ES32.. From this order, backloping has equal advantages when both local and commercial starter cultures are used. Therefore, Starter culture formulation using indigenous strains could be further developed genetically for commercial applications because they compete favourably with their exotic counterparts. Hence, the current challenges of importation due to Covid-19 economic reality and foreign exchange will reduce to a minimal if the indigenous strains are utilised.
Pathophysiological and Sociological Factors Associated with Infections of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Patients who Came at the Military Hospital Region No.1 of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Kenmegne Marie Antoinette Noumbissi , Kengne Landry Gounmadje , Djova Steve Valdi , Roger Ayangma Célestin , Ascension Nyegue Maximilienne 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The general objective of this work was to highlight the physiopathological and sociological factors linked to uro-genital infections with Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), in patients who come to the consultation at the Military Hospital Region N ° 1 in Yaoundé.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at at the Military Hospital Region N°1 in Yaoundé between 2017 and 2019
Methodology: Patients whose mycoplasma examination was done, were included in the retrospective study (2017 and 2018) and patients obtained in 3 months (January to march 2019) during the prospective study were also included. Parameters of patients were collected. These parameters were analyzed using SPSS 23 software and graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism 7 software.
Results: From the 231 patients included, 152 (65.80%) were infected with MUG. The pathophysiological factors associated with Mh and Uu infections are young people aged 25 to 31 (39.47%), women (98.68 %), the use of hormonal contraceptives (15.79%), as well as other pathogens associated with mycoplasmas. The prospective study shows that, of the 20 patients obtained, 10 (50%) were infected with MUG. The most infected patients were women with a frequency of 80% and the most affected age group was 25 to 31 years old. The sociological factors noticed in these patients are the status of being single (70.39%), the type of professions such as students (21.70%), housewives (17.76%), women in the military (13.82%), women entrepreneurs (11.84%) and the non-use of condoms during sexual intercourse.
Conclusion: The pathophysiological and sociological factors influencing the development of mycoplasma infection show that one can control the occurrence of the infection as well as infertility problems and spontaneous abortion in Cameroon.
A 7-year Follow up of a Solitary Cyst on the Mandibular First Premolar: A Case Report
Authors: Dib Hassan , Halabi Said , Aad Georges , Berberi Antoine 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thorough clinical, radiological and histological examinations in order to exhibit a final diagnosis of solitary bone cyst, as well as the importance of the surgical treatment for a better outcome.
Presentation of case: A case of solitary cyst was identified accidentally in the mandibular right premolars’ region of an asymptomatic 14-year-old male patient post orthodontic consultation. Panoramic radiograph revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular, radiolucent area giving a typical scalloped appearance between the roots of the involved teeth, that is, 43–44 (Federation Dentaire Internationale). The lesion was asymptomatic and no cervical lymphadenopathy was detected.
Discussion: Solitary bone cysts are infrequent mandibular cavities lacking epithelial coating and that are most commonly found in the posterior region of the lower jaw. They exhibit multiple names such as traumatic bone cyst, hemorrhagic bone cyst, extravasation cyst, progressive bone cavity and single chamber bone cyst. Solitary bone cysts are usually asymptomatic but may cause bone deformities, teeth displacement as well as pathological fractures of the affected region. Solitary bone cyst, also found in other skeletal locations, is often suspected after epidemiologic and radiologic test results and confirmed at surgery.
Conclusion: In solitary bone cysts cases, undoubtedly, the determinant factor is surgical exploration of the lesion, although its clinical characteristics and scientific literature descriptions must be borne in mind as well as the fact that histological and radiographic characteristics are important to sustain accurate diagnosis. Since etiology of these cysts is unknown to the present date, it can only be intuited according to personal characteristics of each patient. The most accepted theory suggested a traumatic origin for these lesions. Nevertheless, when trauma is discarded as etiologic factor, the most accepted theory would be related to calcium metabolism alterations associated to the overall condition of our patient.