bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvestable tumour spheroids initiated in a gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for cancer targeting and imaging with fluorescent gold nanoclusters
Authors: Dashtarzheneh Ashkan Kamali , Afrashtehpour Amir , Ramesh Bala Subramaniyam , Loizidou Marilena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cancer cell spheroids are the simplest 3D in vitro cancer models and have been extensively used for cancer research. More recently, models have been becoming complex, with the introduction of a matrix and non-cancer cell types to mimic specific tumour aspects. However, applying drugs or agents in matrix-embedded cancer spheroids can be problematic. Most matrices can impede and also bind drugs or visualizing agents non-specifically, in the vicinity of the embedded spheroids. This may interfere with imaging or further analysis without breaking apart the 3D model into its constituents. Here, we developed a combined gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose (G-CMC) hydrogel for initiating cancer spheroids that enabled intact harvesting pre/post treatment for further investigation, such as targeting and imaging. We combined CMC (1.25%) and gelatin (2.5%) at 25 °C and initiated polymerisation after autoclaving (121 °C) to obtain a mechanical strength (sheer stress) of 38 Pas versus 1.28 Pas for CMC alone. These matrix conditions facilitated separation of the spheroids from the G-CMC, using low centrifugation (100 g). We described growth of colorectal and breast cancer spheroids within the G-CMC matrix (with average diameters of 220 mm and 180 μm for representative cell lines HT29 and MCF7 at 10 days, respectively). As the cancer cells express the surface biomarker calreticulin (CRT), we manufactured anti-calreticulin IgG (anti-CRT) conjugated to fluorescent gold nanoclusters (anti-CRT-AuNC) as a probe. We harvested cancer spheroids and incubated live with the nanoclusters. Imaging demonstrated strong binding of CRT-targeted AuNCs compared to control AuNCs. This novel model preserves cancer spheroid integrity upon isolation and is well suited for targeted imaging and drug delivery of cancer in 3D.
Economics of Smaller Aberdeen-Derived Beef Cows
Authors: DeVuyst Eric A. , Munson Meredith , Brorsen B. Wade , Lalman David , Hanna Lauren L. Hulsman , Swanson Kendall , Ringwall Kris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate differences in profitability of three Aberdeen-influenced breeds, Angus, Red Angus, and American Aberdeen. Using data from North Dakota, we measure differences in birth weights, calving intervals, weaning weights, cow weights, and profitability. Weaning weights differ between breeds, setting up a trade-off between lower feed costs for smaller cows and higher revenue for larger cows. American Aberdeen-influenced cows bred to Red Angus bulls have $1–$6 per acre higher returns than Angus or Red Angus-influenced cows. Aberdeen sires have the lowest returning calves.
Metabolic signatures of immune cells in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Yi , Wang Yanan , Li Qing , He Fan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Immune cells play a key role in maintaining renal dynamic balance and dealing with renal injury. The physiological and pathological functions of immune cells are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics. However, immunometabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. Pathophysiologically, disruption of kidney immune cells homeostasis causes inflammation and tissue damage via triggering metabolic reprogramming. The diverse metabolic characteristics of immune cells at different stages of CKD are strongly associated with their different pathological effect. In this work, we reviewed the metabolic characteristics of immune cells (macrophages, natural killer cells, T cells, natural killer T cells and B cells) and several non-immune cells, as well as potential treatments targeting immunometabolism in CKD. We attempt to elaborate on the metabolic signatures of immune cells and their intimate correlation with non-immune cells in CKD.
An almost subharmonic instability in the flow past rectangular cylinders
Authors: Chiarini Alessandro , Quadrio Maurizio , Auteri Franco 
Published: October 2022

The three-dimensional instability of the flow past a 5 : 1 rectangular cylinder is investigated via Floquet analysis and direct numerical simulations. A quasi-subharmonic (QS) unstable mode is detected, marking an important difference with the flow past bodies with lower aspect ratio and/or with smooth leading edge. The QS mode becomes unstable at Reynolds number (based on the cylinder thickness and free-stream velocity)

$Re \approx 480$

; its spanwise wavelength is approximately three times the cylinder thickness. The structural sensitivity locates the wavemaker region over the longitudinal sides of the cylinder, indicating that the instability is triggered by the mutual inviscid interaction of vortices generated by the leading edge shear layer.
Shaping Electoral Outcomes: Intra- and Anti-systemic Violence in Indian Assembly Elections
Authors: Harbers Imke , Richetta Cécile , van Wingerden Enrike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectoral violence is perpetrated by anti-systemic actors opposed to the democratic system, as well as by those vying for power through the electoral process. Even though the motivations for violent tactics are distinct, we do not know whether intra- and anti-systemic violence differ in their effects. Focusing on state-level elections in India – a country that combines nationwide elections with persistent political violence – we demonstrate that the distinction is crucial for understanding spatial patterns of electoral violence and effects on election outcomes. Based on an original dataset of violence in legislative assembly elections between 1985 and 2008, we show that both tactics depress turnout overall but that the effect is larger for anti-systemic violence. Intra-systemic violence not only appears to be more selectively targeted, as it is more likely to occur in constituencies where the incumbent belongs to the state-level opposition, but also generates electoral benefits for the party in control of state government.
On competing indexicalities in southern Peninsular Spanish. A sociophonetic and perceptual analysis of affricate [ts] through time
Authors: Vida-Castro Matilde 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines linguistic, cognitive, and social factors in the development of an ongoing sound change in Andalusian Spanish related to the crosslinguistically well-known process of syllable coda lenition. The resyllabification of word internal /-s/ when followed by dental plosive /t/, in words such aslingüística[liŋ⋅ˈgujs⋅ti⋅ka] ‘linguistics’ realized as [liŋ⋅ˈguj⋅tsi⋅ka], results in an affricate sound [ts] that may be indexed in different ways within the speech community. Findings are reported from a trend study of two sample surveys separated by a twenty-year time gap, acoustic analysis, and two perception experiments. Acoustic phonetics, historical linguistics, theoretical phonology, and sociolinguistic studies provide the theoretical background to help explain the development of this sound change and its connection with other phonological features of Andalusian Spanish. Development of the affricate allophone is a natural outcome consistent with universal constraints boosted by the recent emergence of a regional koine, where its indexicality is undetermined.
The bidirectional association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
Authors: Jawad Muhammad Youshay , Meshkat Shakila , Tabassum Aniqa , Mckenzie Andrea , Di Vincenzo Joshua D. , Guo Ziji , Musavi Nabiha Batool , Phan Lee , Ceban Felicia , Kwan Angela TH , Ramachandra Ranuk , Le Gia Han , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Ho Roger , Rhee Taeho Greg , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic-inflammatory disease associated with poor outcomes and decreased quality of life. NAFLD is overrepresented in patients with psychiatric disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia; however, a comprehensive review on NAFLD and psychiatric disorders remains to be delineated. This review endeavors to investigate the association of NAFLD with psychiatric disorders, including shared pathogenesis and future clinical derivatives. Extant literature suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders (in particular, mood disorders) are more susceptible to the development of NAFLD due to multiple reasons, including but not limited to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation, metabolic syndrome, and chronic perceived stress. Moreover, the clinical manifestations of mood disorders (e.g., anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, lifestyle modification, etc.), and potentially long-term treatment with weight-gaining agents, differentially affect these patients, making them more prone to NAFLD. Considering the increased morbidity associated with both mood disorders and NAFLD, our review recommends regular screenings for NAFLD in select patients with mood disorders exhibiting signs of increased risk (i.e., obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or family history of NAFLD) for better diagnosis and holistic care of both potentially interrelated conditions.
Language performance as a prognostic factor for developing Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the population-based HELIAD cohort
Authors: Folia Vasiliki , Liampas Ioannis , Siokas Vasileios , Silva Susana , Ntanasi Eva , Yannakoulia Mary , Sakka Paraskevi , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Dardiotis Efthimios , Kosmidis Mary H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectives:There is limited research on the prognostic value of language tasks regarding mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (ACS) development in the cognitively normal (CN) elderly, as well as MCI to ACS conversion.Methods:Participants were drawn from the population-based Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD) cohort. Language performance was evaluated via verbal fluency [semantic (SVF) and phonemic (PVF)], confrontation naming [Boston Naming Test short form (BNTsf)], verbal comprehension, and repetition tasks. An additional language index was estimated using both verbal fluency tasks: SVF-PVF discrepancy. Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for important sociodemographic parameters (age, sex, education, main occupation, and socioeconomic status) and global cognitive status [Mini Mental State Examination score (MMSE)] were performed.Results:A total of 959 CN and 118 MCI older (>64 years) individuals had follow-up investigations after a mean of ∼3 years. Regarding the CN group, each standard deviation increase in the composite language score reduced the risk of ACS and MCI by 49% (8–72%) and 32% (8–50%), respectively; better SVF and BNTsf performance were also independently associated with reduced risk of ACS and MCI. On the other hand, using the smaller MCI participant set, no language measurement was related to the risk of MCI to ACS conversion.Conclusions:Impaired language performance is associated with elevated risk of ACS and MCI development. Better SVF and BNTsf performance are associated with reduced risk of ACS and MCI in CN individuals, independent of age, sex, education, main occupation, socioeconomic status, and MMSE scores at baseline.
Content of lunchboxes of Dutch primary school children and their perceptions of alternative healthy school lunch concepts
Authors: Rongen Frédérique C , van Kleef Ellen , Vingerhoeds Monique H , Seidell Jacob C , Dijkstra Sanne Coosje 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate the content of lunchboxes of primary school children and to examine children’s support and preferences for alternative healthy school lunch concepts.Design:A cross-sectional study among Dutch children from seven primary schools. The content of the lunchboxes was assessed by photographs. Support and preferences for alternative lunch concepts were examined via a self-reported questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between children’s support and preferences and sex, educational group and migration background.Setting:The Netherlands.Participants:Primary school children.Results:A total of 660 children were included (average 9·9 years old). Most lunchboxes contained sandwiches and a drink. Few lunchboxes contained fruit or vegetables. The alternative school lunch concepts elicited mixed support among children. The lunch concepts ‘Sandwiches prepared by the children themselves’ and a ‘hot lunch buffet’ had the highest mean support, while the concept ‘a healthy lunch brought from home’ was the most preferred concept. Small significant differences were observed depending on sex, educational group and migration background.Conclusion:Lunchboxes of Dutch children contained sandwiches and a drink but rarely fruit and vegetables. Among different alternatives, children reported the highest support for the preparation of their own sandwiches in class or a hot lunch buffet. Future studies should investigate if these alternative lunch concepts improve the dietary intake of children.
Barriers to Panel Composition in RTA Dispute Settlement: Evaluating Solutions to a Perennial Problem
Authors: Falls Scott 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the demise of the WTO's Appellate Body, there has been a growing trend of states resorting to the dispute settlement mechanisms under their regional trade agreements (RTAs) to resolve international trade disputes. While the vast majority of these mechanisms have never been used, many contain defective procedural provisions that are likely to slow down or completely derail the dispute settlement process should those provisions be invoked. This is particularly true of mechanisms that effectively permit a respondent to block or delay the composition of a panel to hear a dispute. This article examines the issues of ‘panel blocking’ and panel composition delay tactics in RTA dispute settlement with reference to both past and present practice, and provides a textual analysis of a cross-section of existing RTAs to identify procedural defects and prescribe solutions for ensuring timely panel composition in future disputes.
Measuring economic freedom during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Miozzi Vincent J. , Powell Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 led to extensive new government regulations and lockdown policies that, according to some prominent definitions, severely reduced economic freedom. However, many of these new pandemic-related regulatory restrictions on economic freedom are largely missed by the Economic Freedom of the World Report (EFW). This paper first adjusts the Our World in Data Covid-19 Stringency Index into a measure of lockdown regulatory freedom and then merges it into the EFW index to better measure countries' 2020 cross-sectional relative economic freedom. We find significant differences in the relative ranking of economic freedom between countries once we adjust for lockdown regulatory restrictions.
Strong coupling induced notched bands of UWB antennas using meta-surfaces
Authors: Zhu Jinbiao , Jiang Wen , Liu Yuquan , Yin Pengyu , Guo Lili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe meta-surface is introduced into the design of band-notched monopole antennas with single/dual/triple notched bands around 3.6/5.5/7.2 GHz for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. We show that strong coupling effects between the meta-surface and the antenna would be created through tuning the orientations of the meta-cells according to the field distributions on the antenna surface, and eventually, filter the unwanted radiations of the antenna. Especially, by simply attaching different meta-surfaces on the back of the antenna, the band-notched properties are shown to be changeable without hurting the original structure of the antenna. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate the monopole with replaceable meta-surfaces has achieved an UWB operating band ranging from 3 to 9 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2 with single/dual/triple notched bands covering frequencies around 3.6/5.5/7.2 GHz. Such a design would obtain significant notched performances for the desired bands and maintain the good radiations in the operating frequency, which make it a suitable candidate for UWB applications.
Tolerance of peppermint to tiafenacil applied postharvest
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Arana Jeanine , Woolam Brandi C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrials were conducted in two experimental runs at the Purdue University Horticulture Greenhouses, West Lafayette, IN, to determine ‘Redefined Murray Mitcham’ peppermint tolerance to tiafenacil. Established peppermint in 20-cm-diameter polyethylene pots was subjected to a simulated harvest by removing aboveground biomass at the substrate surface; then, tiafenacil was applied at 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Visible crop injury, height, and aboveground dry biomass data were subjected to regression analysis to generate predictive models. At 2 wk after treatment (WAT), peppermint injury increased from 63% to 86% and from 25% to 76% in Experimental Run 1 and 2, respectively, as tiafenacil rate increased from 25 to 200 g ha−1. At 4 WAT, injury increased from 0% to 63% and from 4% to 37% in Experimental Run 1 and 2, respectively, as tiafenacil rate increased from 25 to 200 g ha−1. By 7 WAT (both experimental runs), injury increased from 0% to 17% as tiafenacil rate increased from 25 to 200 g ha−1. At 4 WAT, height decreased from 23.0 to 8.6 cm and from 17.6 to 10.3 cm in Experimental Run 1 and 2, respectively, as tiafenacil rate increased from 0 to 200 g ha−1. At 7 WAT, height decreased from 28.1 to 21.4 cm as tiafenacil rate increased from 0 to 200 g ha−1. Aboveground dry weight of the nontreated check was 20.3 g pot−1 and decreased from 19.3 to 7.0 g pot−1 as tiafenacil rate increased from 25 to 200 g ha−1. Despite acute necrosis, injury from tiafenacil at lower rates was not persistent. The proposed 1X rate of tiafenacil for peppermint, 25 g ha−1, resulted in ≤4% injury 4 and 7 WAT and in only a 3% reduction in plant height and a 4.7% reduction in aboveground dry weight compared to the nontreated check.
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides: past, present, and future
Authors: Jhala Amit J. , Kumar Vipan , Yadav Ramawatar , Jha Prashant , Jugulam Mithila , Williams Martin M. , Hausman Nicholas E. , Dayan Franck E. , Burton Paul M. , Dale Richard P. , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe herbicides that inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) are primarily used for weed control in corn, barley, oat, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, and wheat production fields in the United States. The objectives of this review were to summarize 1) the history of HPPD-inhibitor herbicides and their use in the United States; 2) HPPD-inhibitor resistant weeds, their mechanism of resistance, and management; 3) interaction of HPPD-inhibitor herbicides with other herbicides; and 4) the future of HPPD-inhibitor-resistant crops. As of 2022, three broadleaf weeds (Palmer amaranth, waterhemp, and wild radish) have evolved resistance to the HPPD inhibitor. The predominance of metabolic resistance to HPPD inhibitor was found in aforementioned three weed species. Management of HPPD-inhibitor-resistant weeds can be accomplished using alternate herbicides such as glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, or dicamba; however, metabolic resistance poses a serious challenge, because the weeds may be cross-resistant to other herbicide sites of action, leading to limited herbicide options. An HPPD-inhibitor herbicide is commonly applied with a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor to increase efficacy and weed control spectrum. The synergism with an HPPD inhibitor arises from depletion of plastoquinones, which allows increased binding of a PS II inhibitor to the D1 protein. New HPPD inhibitors from the azole carboxamides class are in development and expected to be available in the near future. HPPD-inhibitor-resistant crops have been developed through overexpression of a resistant bacterial HPPD enzyme in plants and the overexpression of transgenes for HPPD and a microbial gene that enhances the production of the HPPD substrate. Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean is commercially available, and it is expected that soybean resistant to other HPPD inhibitor herbicides such as mesotrione, stacked with resistance to other herbicides, will be available in the near future.
Potassium Isotopes in Herbaceous Plants: A Potential New Tool for C3 and C4 Plant Research
Authors: Qu Rui , Han Guilin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlants play a critical role in the surficial environment, influencing energy transfer, the global carbon cycle, and climate change. Potassium (K) controls many essential plant physiological features like photosynthesis, cell osmosis adjustment, and enzyme activity. However, few plant species of K isotopes have been investigated and knowledge regarding the mechanism of isotopic fractionations in biological processes is still limited. This study investigated foliar K isotopic compositions of C3 and C4 vegetation and soil in the typical karst region of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The results showed that: (a) The δ41K of soil ranged from −0.04‰ to −0.08‰, with no K isotope ratios change between topsoil and subsoil. (b) Foliar δ41K of C3 vegetation ranged from −1.06 ± 0.06‰ to −0.15 ± 0.06‰ and foliar δ41K of C4 vegetation varied from 0.28 ± 0.05‰ to 1.15 ± 0.06‰. (c) Foliar δ41K was negatively related to foliar K concentration (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.01); The significant K isotope differences between C3 and C4 vegetation are likely attributed to their different mechanisms for drought stress or their different foliar K concentration. This study firstly documented the potential of K isotopes as a novel tool for biological processes to distinguish between C3 and C4 plants and also shed light on the potential future application of K isotope signatures in soil‐plant interactions.
Launch Notes
Authors: Thomsen M. F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is the story of my launch into space physics, including how I was rescued from early discouragement by the excitement of a planetary encounter. I recall some of the mentors who taught me, supported me, and promoted me. Finally, I offer a few lessons I have learned from these and many other people I have been privileged to work with over a 50‐year career. These include a commitment to scientific significance, integrity, communication, and humility.
How Slab Age and Width Combine to Dictate the Dynamics and Evolution of Subduction Systems: A 3‐D Spherical Study
Authors: Chen Fangqin , Davies D. Rhodri , Goes Saskia , Suchoy Lior , Kramer Stephan C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany of the factors expected to control the dynamics and evolution of Earth's subduction zones are under‐explored in an Earth‐like spherical geometry. Here, we simulate multi‐material free‐subduction of a complex rheology slab in a 3‐D spherical shell domain, to investigate the effect of plate age (simulated by covarying plate thickness and density) and width on the evolution of subduction systems. We find that the first‐order predictions of our spherical cases are generally consistent with existing Cartesian studies: (a) as subducting plate age increases, slabs retreat more and subduct at a shallower dip angle, due to increased bending resistance and sinking rates; and (b) wider slabs can develop along‐strike variations in trench curvature due to toroidal flow at slab edges, trending toward a “W”‐shaped trench with increasing slab width. We find, however, that these along‐strike variations are restricted to older, stronger, retreating slabs: Younger slabs that drive minimal trench motion remain relatively straight along the length of the subduction zone. We summarize our results into a regime diagram, which highlights how slab age modulates the effect of slab width, and present examples of the evolutionary history of subduction zones that are consistent with our model predictions.