bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comfort evaluation method based on an intelligent car cockpit
Authors: Yang Jian‐Jun , Chen Yi‐Meng , Xing Shan‐Shan , Qiu Rui‐Zhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of automobiles, car cockpits are becoming more and more intelligent and advanced, and the intelligent requirements of automobile cockpits are gradually increasing. However, the real value of intelligence can only be realized when it makes passengers in a cockpit feel comfortable. In this study, seven factors that affect passenger comfort in intelligent cockpits are defined. Under these factors, a total of 33 evaluation indicators were developed. The core of the method was to determine the dissatisfaction indicators and degree of dissatisfaction in the intelligent cockpit by analyzing the relationship between people's perceived performance and their expectations. This method was used to evaluate the Tesla Model 3, and it was found in the results that the higher the degree of dissatisfaction with the indicator, the more subjective feedback it had, which in turn proved the effectiveness of the model. According to the degree of dissatisfaction, the indicators affecting comfort were also divided into three levels. This hierarchical division helps clarify which indicators should be prioritized for improvement. Generally, this method has a certain feasibility, which is helpful for the development and redesign of an intelligent car cockpit, and provides some reference strategies for other transportation fields.
A pragmatic strength and conditioning intervention for firefighters: Feasibility of the Tactical Athlete Resilience Program (TARP)
Authors: Sharp Paul , Caperchione Cristina M. , Brown Georgia A. , Stadnyk Antony , Marin Elizabeth , Hulin Billy , Wade Jarrod , Mott Brendan , Gabriel Mark , Impellizzeri Franco , Fullagar Hugh H. K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedFirefighting is physically and mentally taxing and recruits are expected to have optimal health and fitness. However, physical fitness tends to decline following initial training, placing firefighters at an increased risk for stress and injury. Efforts are needed to engage and support firefighters in maintaining adequate health and fitness to withstand the rigorous demands of their occupation. This study examined the feasibility of TARP, a pragmatic strength and conditioning intervention for metropolitan‐based firefighters, delivered in collaboration with a professional National Rugby League club.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was utilised to examine program implementation, recruitment and sample characteristics, intervention satisfaction and acceptability, and participants' response to the intervention. Evaluation measures included field notes taken during steering committee meetings, participant flow data, baseline and follow‐up outcome measures, self‐report questionnaires, and telephone interviews with a sample of participants.ResultsParticipants (N = 113) were predominantly men (82%) with a mean age of 43 ± 9.3 years and BMI of 26.6 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Program satisfaction was high (95% very satisfied or somewhat satisfied) among program completers (42% retention). Key strengths of the program included delivery through the professional sports club, quality of facilities and equipment, and scheduling flexibility. Future programs should consider incorporating education or training to support behaviour change maintenance and strategies to retain participants at follow‐up.ConclusionsResults provide valuable insights into the design and delivery of interventions for firefighters and demonstrate the importance of strong partnerships between community stakeholders.
The immunosuppression pathway of tumor‐associated macrophages is controlled by heme oxygenase‐1 in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Magri Sara , Musca Beatrice , Pinton Laura , Orecchini Elena , Belladonna Maria Laura , Orabona Ciriana , Bonaudo Camilla , Volpin Francesco , Ciccarino Pietro , Baro Valentina , Della Puppa Alessandro , Mandruzzato Susanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma (GBM) is mainly driven by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). We explored whether their sustained iron metabolism and immunosuppressive activity were correlated, and whether blocking the central enzyme of the heme catabolism pathway, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), could reverse their tolerogenic activity. To this end, we investigated iron metabolism in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from GBM specimens and in in vitro‐derived macrophages (Mφ) from healthy donor (HD) blood monocytes. We found that HO‐1 inhibition abrogated the immunosuppressive activity of both BMDMs and Mφ, and that immunosuppression requires both cell‐to‐cell contact and soluble factors, as HO‐1 inhibition abolished IL‐10 release, and significantly reduced STAT3 activation as well as PD‐L1 expression. Interestingly, not only did HO‐1 inhibition downregulate IDO1 and ARG‐2 gene expression, but also reduced IDO1 enzymatic activity. Moreover, T cell activation status affected PD‐L1 expression and IDO1 activity, which were upregulated in the presence of activated, but not resting, T cells. Our results highlight the crucial role of HO‐1 in the immunosuppressive activity of macrophages in the GBM TME and demonstrate the feasibility of reprogramming them as an alternative therapeutic strategy for restoring immune surveillance.
Occupational exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium and the risk of lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case‐control studies (SYNERGY)
Authors: Behrens Thomas , Ge Calvin , Vermeulen Roel , Kendzia Benjamin , Olsson Ann , Schüz Joachim , Kromhout Hans , Pesch Beate , Peters Susan , Portengen Lützen , Gustavsson Per , Mirabelli Dario , Guénel Pascal , Luce Danièle , Consonni Dario , Caporaso Neil E. , Landi Maria Teresa , Field John K. , Karrasch Stefan , Wichmann Heinz‐Erich , Siemiatycki Jack , Parent Marie‐Elise , Richiardi Lorenzo , Simonato Lorenzo , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pohlabeln Hermann , Fernández‐Tardón Guillermo , Zaridze David , McLaughlin John R. , Demers Paul A. , Świątkowska Beata , Lissowska Jolanta , Pándics Tamás , Fabianova Eleonora , Mates Dana , Bencko Vladimir , Foretova Lenka , Janout Vladimír , Boffetta Paolo , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Forastiere Francesco , Straif Kurt , Brüning Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is limited evidence regarding the exposure‐effect relationship between lung‐cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung‐cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case‐control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung‐cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects. A measurement‐based job‐exposure‐matrix estimated job‐year‐region specific exposure levels to Cr(VI) and nickel, which were linked to the subjects' occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study, age group, smoking habits and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Due to their high correlation, we refrained from mutually adjusting for Cr(VI) and nickel independently. In men, ORs for the highest quartile of cumulative exposure to CR(VI) were 1.32 (95% CI 1.19‐1.47) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.15‐1.45) in relation to nickel. Analogous results among women were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.48‐2.24) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.60‐2.86), respectively. In men, excess lung‐cancer risks due to occupational Cr(VI) and nickel exposure were also observed in each stratum of never, former and current smokers. Joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were in general greater than additive, but not different from multiplicative. In summary, relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. However, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson‐type of error structure, which may cause differential bias of risk estimates.
Understanding the association between informed choice and long‐term reversible contraception among Ugandan women: Findings from the 2016 Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Dau Hallie , Kakaire Othman , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Nakisige Carolyn , Vidler Marianne , Payne Beth A. , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the relationship between informed choice and long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among women aged 15–49 years in Uganda after adjusting for potential confounding.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study uses data from the 2016 Uganda Standard Demographic and Health Survey. Thomas‐Rao corrections to a χ2 test were used for the bivariable analysis. A design‐adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between informed choice and LARC use. Propensity score matching was conducted as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsIn all, 3646 women were included in the analysis and 975 reported using a LARC. In the design‐adjusted multivariable analysis, the odds of reporting LARC usage were 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.61–2.43) times higher among women who reported informed choice compared with those who did not. The subsequent propensity score analysis reported similar findings.ConclusionProviding informed choice can help to increase the number of women who use LARC in Uganda. As such, the Ugandan Ministry of Health should further expand access to family planning counseling as it could contribute to the reduction of unplanned pregnancies across Uganda with the use of LARC.
The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years
Authors: Padilha Camila S. , Von Ah Morano Ana E. , Krüger Karsten , Rosa‐Neto José C. , Lira Fabio S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a “vacant space” where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10 and IL‐1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate‐intensity continuous and high‐intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐10).
Maintaining a strong rural dental workforce
Authors: Reinhardt John W. , Moncrief Kathryn Q. , Koch Jade E. J. , Samson Kaeli K. , Yu Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to examine demographics of University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry graduates over a recent 10‐year period and factors related to their choice of rural or urban practice. Findings were compared to similar previous studies to analyze trends.MethodsUsing data from the annual Health Professions Tracking Service 2019 Dentistry Profile survey, we examined the demographic information of 169 graduates from 2009 to 2018 practicing in Nebraska at the end of 2018. We analyzed factors such as rural or urban high school graduation, gender, and other background information to explore associations with their 2018 practice location (urban vs. rural) using chi‐square tests and logistic regression.ResultsThis study found that some demographic variables were associated with future practice location. Specifically, a higher proportion of graduates of rural high schools chose to work in a rural location (60%) relative to those who graduated from an urban high school (18%) (p < 0.0001). A higher proportion of men (50%) selected rural practice compared to women (33%) (p = 0.02). Only 17 graduates who attended high school outside of Nebraska stayed to practice in Nebraska, and there was a lower proportion of these graduates working in rural locations (18%) relative to in‐state high school graduates (45%) (p = 0.03).ConclusionWe found significant positive associations between dentists who chose rural practice and demographic factors such as being rural high school graduates, male, and in‐state predental residents. Our findings differ from descriptive results of similar previous studies.
Mobile virtual tooth morphology teaching environment for preclinical dental students
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Seefelder Julia K. , Huth Karin C. , Erdelt Kurt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesExtended reality as an additional digital learning concept comprises virtual reality (VR), augmented reality, and mixed reality. In particular, VR allows an interaction in the virtual world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students’ attitude toward a mobile VR application for teaching tooth morphologies.MethodsEighty‐two first year dental students were enrolled. After using the VR learning environment with mobile VR glasses at home for 1 week, the students were asked to fill in a questionnaire with 21 questions regarding intuitive handling, and supplemental learning information in comparison to the use of conventional textbooks. Nine questions provided predefined answer options, another nine had the form of a visual analog scale (VAS, range 0%‐highly negative to 100%‐highly positive), and three allowed free text answers. The data were checked for normal distribution (Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test) and was analyzed descriptively.ResultsForty‐four percent of the students rated their perception of understanding of dental morphologies much better with VR than with conventional learning. The potential of the VR learning environment for further dental topics was assessed with a median VAS score of 75.8%. Its intuitive handling was evaluated with a median VAS score of 67.1%. The haptic, visual, and auditory supplemental learning information was consistently rated positively with VAS scores of 73.9%, 80.0%, and 71.6%, respectively. Overall, a majority of the students (85.5%) recommended the VR learning environment for dental morphology.ConclusionsThe VR dental learning environment allows dental students an additional learning opportunity of dental morphologies, recommended by more than 85% of students.
A strengthening of the spectral chromatic critical edge theorem: Books and theta graphs
Authors: Zhai Mingqing , Lin Huiqiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA graph is color‐critical if it contains an edge whose removal reduces its chromatic number. Let be the Turán graph with vertices and parts. Given a graph , let be the Turán number of . Simonovits' chromatic critical edge theorem states that if is color‐critical with , then there exists an such that and the Turán graph is the only extremal graph provided . Nikiforov proved a spectral chromatic critical edge theorem. It asserts that if is color‐critical and , then there exists an (which is exponential with ) such that and is the only extremal graph provided , where is the spectral radius of and . In addition, if is either a complete graph or an odd cycle, then is linear with . A book graph is a set of triangles sharing a common edge and a theta graph is a graph which consists of two vertices connected by three internally disjoint paths with length one, two, and . Notice that both and are color‐critical. In this article, we prove that if , then contains a book with unless . Similarly, we prove that if , then contains a theta graph with for odd and for even unless . Our results imply that in the spectral chromatic critical edge theorem is linear with for book graphs and theta graphs. Our result for book graphs can be viewed as a spectral version of an Erdős conjecture (1962) stating that every ‐vertex graph with contains a book graph with Moreover, our result for theta graphs yields that every graph with contains a cycle of length for each . This is related to an open question by Nikiforov (2008) which asks for the maximum such that every graph of large enough order with contains a cycle of length for every .
Measuring progress towards reaching zero new HIV acquisitions among key populations in Québec (Canada) using routine surveillance data: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Doyle Carla M. , Cox Joseph , Milwid Rachael M. , Bitera Raphaël , Delaunay Charlotte Lanièce , Alary Michel , Lambert Gilles , Tremblay Cécile , Mishra Sharmistha , Maheu‐Giroux Mathieu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in Canada. Having the second‐highest provincial diagnosis rate, an improved understanding of the epidemic among these populations in Québec could aid ongoing elimination efforts. We estimated HIV incidence and other epidemic indicators among MSM and PWID in Montréal and across Québec using a back‐calculation model synthesizing surveillance data.MethodsWe developed a deterministic, compartmental mathematical model stratified by age, HIV status and disease progression, and clinical care stages. Using AIDS and HIV diagnoses data, including self‐reported time since the last negative test and laboratory results of CD4 cell count at diagnosis, we estimated HIV incidence in each population over 1975–2020 by modelling a cubic M‐spline. The prevalence, undiagnosed fraction, fraction diagnosed that started antiretroviral treatment (ART) and median time to diagnosis were also estimated. Since the COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted testing, we excluded 2020 data and explored this in sensitivity analyses.ResultsHIV incidence in all populations peaked early in the epidemic. In 2020, an estimated 97 (95% CrI: 33–227) and 266 (95% CrI: 103–508) HIV acquisitions occurred among MSM in Montréal and Québec, respectively. Among PWID, we estimated 2 (95% CrI: 0–14) and 6 (95% CrI: 1–26) HIV acquisitions in those same regions. With 2020 data, unless testing rates were reduced by 50%, these estimates decreased, except among Québec PWID, whose increased. Among all, the median time to diagnosis shortened to <2 years before 2020 and the undiagnosed fraction decreased to <10%. This fraction was higher in younger MSM, with 22% of 15–24 year‐olds living with HIV in Montréal (95% CrI: 9–39%) and 31% in Québec (95% CrI: 17–48%) undiagnosed by 2020 year‐end. Finally, ART access neared 100% in all diagnosed populations.ConclusionsHIV incidence has drastically decreased in MSM and PWID across Québec, alongside significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment coverage—and the 2013 introduction of pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Despite this, HIV transmission continued. Effective efforts to halt this transmission and rapidly diagnose people who acquired HIV, especially among younger MSM, are needed to achieve elimination. Further, as the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on HIV transmission are understood, increased efforts may be needed to overcome these.
Zooplankton composition links to climate and salmon survival in a northern temperate fjord
Authors: Keister Julie E. , Herrmann BethElLee , Bos Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA zooplankton time series from the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca in the Salish Sea was explored for its relationships to climate variability and survival of Puget Sound salmon populations. Vertical net tows were conducted ~ monthly over the upper 40 m from 2003 to 2018. Species with warm‐water associations that occur year‐round in Puget Sound, and species with cold‐water associations that dominate on the continental shelf during summer upwelling, were important members of the community at different times of year. Shifts in advection from Puget Sound and the coastal ocean were indicated by the abundance of Puget Sound‐dominant copepods Ditrichocorycaeus anglicus and Paracalanus spp. in summer through mid‐fall. In contrast, the coastal upwelling species Pseudocalanus mimus, Calanus marshallae, and Acartia longiremis were most abundant in fall through early spring, despite being the seasons they are least abundant on the continental shelf. Axis 1 of a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ordination of the copepod community revealed clear seasonal cycles in community structure and longer‐term variance that correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and local temperatures. Axis 2 correlated to smolt‐to‐adult survival of Puget Sound coho salmon, but not with measured environmental factors. Copepod size composition and biogeographic affinities shifted along that axis. The mechanisms driving the shifts are not clear, but may indicate changes in trophic dynamics, or cryptic responses to environmental changes. These patterns suggest the importance of large‐scale climate influences and local environmental processes that affect estuarine circulation, population growth, and links to economically important fisheries.
Gut and obesity/metabolic disease: Focus on microbiota metabolites
Authors: Lin Ke , Zhu Lixin , Yang Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity is often associated with the risk of chronic inflammation and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The composition and activity of the gut microbiota play an important role in this process, affecting a range of physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. The active gut microbiota can produce a large number of physiologically active substances during the process of intestinal metabolism and reproduction, including short‐chain/long‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites with beneficial effects on metabolism, as well as negative metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, delta‐valerobetaine, and imidazole propionate. How gut microbiota specifically affect and participate in metabolic and immune activities, especially the metabolites directly produced by gut microbiota, has attracted extensive attention. So far, some animal and human studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites are correlated with host obesity, energy metabolism, and inflammation. Some pathways and mechanisms are slowly being discovered. Here, we will focus on the important metabolites of gut microbiota (beneficial and negative), and review their roles and mechanisms in obesity and related metabolic diseases, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment and remission of obesity and other metabolic diseases from the perspective of metabolites.