bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic Integration and Interoperability
Authors: Auer Sören 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA key aspect of establishing data spaces is to develop a common understanding of the data to be shared in the data space. Semantic standards and technologies were developed for this purpose since over two decades. In this article, we will discuss the history and importance of semantic integration for data spaces. We will introduce the base concepts of semantic integration—including the global identifiers for data and the W3C standards RDF, RDF-Schema, and OWL. As a result these standards and technologies can be used to devise versatile Knowledge Graphs capturing domain conceptualizations and concrete data representations. We explain how data interoperability can be achieved by linking and mapping between different data and knowledge representations. Finally we will showcase their use with an example for data integration in supply chains with the ScorVoc vocabulary.
Silicon Economy: Logistics as the Natural Data Ecosystem
Authors: ten Hompel Michael , Schmidt Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “Silicon Economy” is synonymous with a coming digital infrastructure (digital ecosystem) based on the automated negotiation, disposition, and control of flows of goods, enabling new, digital business models (not only) for logistics. This infrastructure requires and enables the trading of data without losing sovereignty over the data. It is the digital infrastructure and environment for the highly distributed AI algorithms along value networks. In contrast to oligopolistic developments in the B2C sector (amazon.com, AirBnB, Alibaba, Uber, etc.), the Silicon Economy is a federated and decentralized platform ecosystem, the basic components of which are made available to the general public as open source for free use.The Silicon Economy ecosystem is becoming an enabler of supply chain ecosystems in which goods, autonomously controlled by Artificial Intelligence (AI), undergo orchestrated processes according to the situation.This article focuses on the origins and potentials but also on the technological foundations and challenges of the transformation toward a Silicon Economy.
Medical Data Spaces in Healthcare Data Ecosystems
Authors: Berlage Thomas , Claussen Carsten , Geisler Sandra , Velasco Carlos A. , Decker Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExchange of sensitive medical data between healthcare providers and researchers requires a particularly high level of trust and security. Involving patients and citizen into this process increases transparency and may improve the outcome of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. We propose to build the structure of a healthcare ecosystem on the basis of “apps” that not only hold (and exchange) health data but support user interaction and healthcare process management. Emphasis on process support may also be used to improve data quality, which is an important prerequisite for evidence-based medicine and the training and usage of future AI tools.
Industrial Data Spaces
Authors: Usländer Thomas , Teuscher Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the application of the IDS principles, architectural artifacts, and technologies to the application domain of industrial production and smart manufacturing, in particular as drafted by the Platform Industrie 4.0 in their Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) and follow-on specifications about the Asset Administration Shell (AAS). It elaborates on the working approach of the IDS-Industrial Community (IDS-I) for the analysis of requirements on data sovereignty. This activity is motivated by the vision 2030 of the Platform Industrie 4.0 that states autonomy, including data sovereignty, as one strategic field of action.The chapter presents how IDS-I aims at systematically deriving and analyzing data sovereignty aspects from the two reference use cases, Collaborative Condition Monitoring (CCM) and Smart Factory Web (SFW), in order to identify architectural and technological synergies and gaps between the International Data Spaces (IDS) and the specifications of the Platform Industrie 4.0.
Data Sharing Spaces: The BDVA Perspective
Authors: Curry Edward , Tuikka Tuomo , Metzger Andreas , Zillner Sonja , Bertels Natalie , Ducuing Charlotte , Dalle Carbonare Davide , Gusmeroli Sergio , Scerri Simon , López de Vallejo Irene , García Robles Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing data and Artificial Intelligence, it is possible to answer the big questions, how sustainable the planet is or what impact industry has on climate. The Big Data Value Association (BDVA) believes that Data Sharing Spaces will be a key enabler to this vision. The BDVA community has created a unified perspective on the value of data sharing spaces across the pillars of data, governance, people, organization, and technology, with trust as a central foundation. This chapter details this BDVA perspective, explaining the five pillars needed to create value in data with trust as a central concept, together with the tools and mechanisms for strategic stakeholders to create data sharing spaces jointly. It elaborates the strategic challenges which need to be overcome and sets out our call to action for the community to make this a reality. The chapter also summarizes the initial progress on data platform development, data governance, and Trustworthy AI to make data sharing spaces a reality. Finally, it details an example of a data space in smart manufacturing.
Sovereign Cloud Technologies for Scalable Data Spaces
Authors: Holfelder Wieland , Mayer Andreas , Baumgart Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe cloud has changed the way we consume technology either as individual users or in a business context. However, cloud computing can only transform organizations, create innovation, or provide the ability to scale digital business models if there is trust in the cloud and if the data that is being generated, processed, exchanged, and stored in the cloud has the appropriate safeguards. Therefore, sovereignty and control over data and its protection are paramount. Data spaces provide organizations with additional capabilities to govern strict data usage rules over the whole life cycle of information sharing with others and enable new use cases and new business models where data can be securely shared among a defined set of collaborators and with clear and enforceable usage rights attached to create new value. Open and sovereign cloud technologies will provide the necessary transparency, control, and the highest levels of privacy and security that are required to fully leverage the potential of such data spaces. Digital sovereignty, however, still means many things to many people. So to make it more concrete, in this article, we will look at digital sovereignty across three layers: data sovereignty, operational sovereignty, and software sovereignty. With these layers, we will create a spectrum of solutions that enable scalable data spaces that will be critical for the digital transformation of the European economy.
Huawei and International Data Spaces
Authors: O’Brien Martin A. , Mohally David , Brasche Götz P. , Sanfilippo Andrea G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn a digitalized and deeply interconnected industrial ecosystem, it is of paramount importance to create mechanisms that seamlessly guarantee standardization and verifiability, interoperability (including regional legislation), transparency, and trustworthiness, in particular in the intermediation of all businesses and stakeholders, including SMEs. In this respect, the International Data Spaces and GAIA-X initiatives pave the way to a framework for collaboration that use secure and trusted data services to safeguard digital sovereignty.Huawei is a leading ICT provider, operating in more than 170 countries, and an active member of more than 600 standardization bodies and industry associations, among them IDS and GAIA-X. With their international footprint, IDS and GAIA-X are of the utmost importance for Huawei in Germany, Europe, and globally. Here, we provide a brief overview of our understanding of the data ecosystem’s inherent issues, and how regulations address them, followed by more specific examples of how IDS and GAIA-X objectives can be supported by Huawei, with emphasis on validating concepts in the manufacturing domain as a prominent reference example for an important European market vertical. We illustrate the use case of an evolved implementation of Industry 4.0 that integrates machines and cloud services. 5G connectivity for trusted networked production is added to the example. We finally highlight the use of GAIA-X compliant federated AI for control, maintenance, and match-making of demand and supply actors.
International Collaboration Between Data Spaces and Carrier Networks
Authors: Sakaino Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNTT, headquartered in Japan, is a global ICT company with data centers, network facilities, R&D centers, and business locations all over the world. It is developing new data infrastructures that utilize next-generation information communications technology and digital twin computing. This section introduces NTT’s R&D activities, services and solutions, and future initiatives to ensure security, compliance, fairness, transparency, and interoperability in the global data space. The details are as follows:

Concerns and issues regarding the cross-border sharing and use of industrial IoT data between multiple companies

Use cases considered by RRI (Robot Revolution and Industrial IoT Initiative) and requirements for global data spaces

Next-generation optical and wireless network “IOWN” and highly reliable data infrastructure “SDPF with Trust” proposed by NTT to realize data spaces that meet requirements for global data spaces

Demonstration system and international interconnection experiments using IDS Connectors to connect data spaces between Japan and Europe

Ideal international data platform architecture that connects GAIA-X compliant data spaces to networks of telecommunications carriers in various countries

Concept of a digital immune system “Global autonomic nerve” that combines data spaces with IoT and AI to achieve sustainable governance of economic activities and the global ecosystem
Competition, Security, and Transparency: Data in Connected Vehicles
Authors: Schulze Karsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractState-of-the-art cars are increasingly becoming computers on wheels, constantly collecting, storing, and transmitting data. This goes hand in hand with better market opportunities for certain service providers with access to the data.There is still no clear legal regulation on who the customer can share their data with—and in what way—nor how transparency and security can be guaranteed for such data in the process. Without legal regulation of data access, there will be no way to ensure a level playing field among providers and freedom of choice for consumers in the future.Three basic principles apply to the access to vehicle data:

Third-party service providers should be able to develop new services without depending on car manufacturers.

Independent service providers, such as independent workshops, insurers, and automobile clubs, should be able to reach customers through the same channels as the vehicle manufacturers.

Vehicle manufacturers should not be allowed to monitor vehicle users or the service providers selected by vehicle owners.
The Energy Data Space: The Path to a European Approach for Energy
Authors: Gouriet Martine , Barancourt Hervé , Boust Marianne , Calvez Philippe , Laskowski Michael , Taillandier Anne-Sophie , Tilman Loïc , Uslar Mathias , Warweg Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrusted data spaces supporting energy services and fostering collaboration between all stakeholders are a cornerstone of the decarbonization of the sector. Today, a broad representation of European energy companies and academic and technological partners has joined GAIA-X to build the European energy data space. The group represents all segments of the energy value chain and is from all around Europe.Through this data space, we aim to address the following challenges: accelerate the deployment of low carbon energy solutions, foster energy efficiency and sector coupling (power, gas, and heating, integration of mobility and building/heating systems, etc.), enable more flexibility and renewable energy integration to the European electric system, accelerate the sector digitalization, and ultimately support Europe competitiveness, thanks to low energy costs.To achieve these goals, strong collaboration between the actors is needed to identify and launch valuable use cases on key topics: renewables, hydrogen, nuclear, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, local energy communities, networks, or compliance and traceability.The article is a collaborative effort, initiated in February 2021, from the French, German, and Belgium energy communities within GAIA-X national hubs. The intention is to provide insight on the work of the GAIA-X energy Domain, to share widely our ecosystem’s expectations, and to provide an overview of use cases identified.
Tokenomics: Decentralized Incentivization in the Context of Data Spaces
Authors: Jürjens Jan , Scheider Simon , Yildirim Furkan , Henke Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA significant challenge in bootstrapping a jointly used infrastructure such as Data Spaces is to incentivize the participants to invest in setting up the infrastructure. In this chapter, we investigate this challenge and possible solutions, focusing on an approach called “Tokenomics.”The incentivization scheme should be utilized by governance frameworks, in which the participants of Data Spaces remain capable of action and independent through automated, effective, and fair decision-making processes. Also, potential participants should be motivated to participate in the establishment and further development of the system, while on the other hand, undesirable behavior should be penalized. In combination with distributed ledger technology (DLT) and machine-readable, legally compliant smart contracts, participant behavior can be affected in such a way that both data quality and quantity are improved for the whole Data Space.To derive possible design options for Tokenomics approaches, we examine different token frameworks and their impact on participants. The investigation of the frameworks is carried out taking into account five significant domains: technical, behavior, inherent value, coordination, and pseudo-archetypes. Furthermore, we investigate which token designs provide smaller or larger incentives in order to join or maintain a DLT-based ecosystem.
Building Trust in Data Spaces
Authors: Huber Monika , Wessel Sascha , Brost Gerd , Menz Nadja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData is becoming increasingly valuable and must be protected. At the same time, data becomes an economic asset and companies can benefit from exchanging data with each other. The International Data Spaces enable companies to share data while ensuring data sovereignty and security.Data providers can keep control over the processing of their data by utilizing usage control policies, including the verification that these usage control policies are enforced by the data consumer. For this, data processing devices, called connectors, must prove their identity and the integrity of their software stack and state.In this chapter, we present the overall security concept for building trust in data spaces enabling data sovereignty and usage control enforcement. The concept builds on a certification process for components and operational environments utilizing the multiple eye principle. This process is technically mapped to a public key infrastructure providing digital certificates for connector identities and software signing. Finally, the third building block is the architecture and system security of the connectors where usage control must be enforced, the identity and integrity of other connectors and their software stack and state must be verified, and the actual data processing happens.
Causal structures and nonlocality in double holography
Authors: Omiya Hidetoshi , Wei Zixia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDouble holography plays a crucial role in recent studies of Hawking radiation and information paradox by relating an intermediate picture, in which a dynamical gravity living on an end-of-the-world brane is coupled to a non-gravitational heat bath, to a much better-understood BCFT picture as well as a bulk picture. In this paper, causal structures in generic double holographic setups are studied. We find that the causal structure in the bulk picture is compatible with causality in the BCFT picture, thanks to a generalization of the Gao-Wald theorem. On the other hand, consistency with the bulk causal structure requires the effective theory in the intermediate picture to contain a special type of super-luminal and nonlocal effect which is significant at long range or IR. These are confirmed by both geometrical analysis and commutators of microscopic fields. Subregion correspondences in double holography are discussed with the knowledge of this nonlocality. Possible fundamental origins of this nonlocality and its difference with other types of nonlocality will also be discussed.
Essential m-dissipativity for Possibly Degenerate Generators of Infinite-dimensional Diffusion Processes
Authors: Eisenhuth Benedikt , Grothaus Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFirst essential m-dissipativity of an infinite-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator N, perturbed by the gradient of a potential, on a domain $$\mathcal {F}C_b^{\infty }$$

F

C
b
∞

of finitely based, smooth and bounded functions, is shown. Our considerations allow unbounded diffusion operators as coefficients. We derive corresponding second order regularity estimates for solutions f of the Kolmogorov equation $$\alpha f-Nf=g$$

α
f
-
N
f
=
g

, $$\alpha \in (0,\infty )$$

α
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

, generalizing some results of Da Prato and Lunardi. Second, we prove essential m-dissipativity for generators $$(L_{\Phi },\mathcal {F}C_b^{\infty })$$

(

L
Φ

,
F

C
b
∞

)

of infinite-dimensional degenerate diffusion processes. We emphasize that the essential m-dissipativity of $$(L_{\Phi },\mathcal {F}C_b^{\infty })$$

(

L
Φ

,
F

C
b
∞

)

is useful to apply general resolvent methods developed by Beznea, Boboc and Röckner, in order to construct martingale/weak solutions to infinite-dimensional non-linear degenerate stochastic differential equations. Furthermore, the essential m-dissipativity of $$(L_{\Phi },\mathcal {F}C_b^{\infty })$$

(

L
Φ

,
F

C
b
∞

)

and $$(N,\mathcal {F}C_b^{\infty })$$

(
N
,
F

C
b
∞

)

, as well as the regularity estimates are essential to apply the general abstract Hilbert space hypocoercivity method from Dolbeault, Mouhot, Schmeiser and Grothaus, Stilgenbauer, respectively, to the corresponding diffusions.
Preventing railway suicides through level crossing removal: a multiple-arm pre-post study design in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Clapperton Angela , Dwyer Jeremy , Spittal Matthew J. , Roberts Leo , Pirkis Jane 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Rail level crossing removals to improve transport performance across metropolitan Melbourne (state of Victoria) resulted in new rail fencing and grade-separation of tracks from the surrounding environment at several sites. These design changes restricted pedestrian access to the rail tracks, which is a countermeasure known to prevent railway suicide in other settings. We examined whether any such suicide prevention effect followed the removals.

Methods
We used a multiple-arm pre-post design to test whether a decrease in monthly frequency of railway suicides occurred at level crossing removal sites (intervention sites), compared to randomly matched sites where level crossings had not yet been removed (control sites). We used data available in the Victorian Suicide Register covering the period 1st January 2008 to 30th June 2021.

Results
The mean monthly number of railway suicides decreased by 68% within a 500 m radius of intervention sites (RR: 0.32; CI 95% 0.11–0.74) and by 61% within a 1000 m radius of intervention sites (RR: 0.39; CI 95% 0.21–0.68). There was no evidence that the mean monthly number of railway suicides changed at the control sites, either within a 500 m radius (RR: 0.88; CI 95% 0.47–1.56) or a 1000 m radius (RR: 0.82; CI 95% 0.52–1.26).

Conclusion
The reduction in railway suicides at locations where level crossings were removed, demonstrates the suicide prevention benefits that can be derived from a major infrastructure project even if not initially intended. Planning for major infrastructure projects should include consideration of these benefits, with designs incorporating features to maximise suicide prevention impact.
Virulence and antimicrobial-resistance of shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) Isolated from edible shellfish and its public health significance
Authors: Al Qabili Dheyazan M. Ali , Aboueisha Abdel-Karim M. , Ibrahim Ghada A. , Youssef Ahmed I. , El-Mahallawy Heba S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne illness in humans with infections ranging from mild non-bloody diarrhea to bloody diarrhea (BD) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This study aimed to investigate the distribution of STEC in shellfish from coastal shores of Lake Timsah in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt and its probable hazard to seafood consumers. Samples from the external surface and tissues of shrimp (n = 45), crabs (n = 45), and oysters (n = 45) batches were examined bacteriologically for the presence of STEC and tested for their antibiotic sensitivity. Moreover, occurrence of virulence genes was determined via detection of stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes using PCR. Overall, E. coli and presumptive STEC isolates (from CHROMagar) were identified from the surface (55.6 and 5.9%) and tissues (42.2 and 8.9%) of the examined shellfish batches, respectively. Five STEC isolates had been confirmed and found belonging to O26:H11, O125:H6, O146:H21, and O159 serogroups, those were 4 isolates from tissues of the three shellfish species and one isolate from the crab surface. The STEC isolates were multi-drug resistant, showing complete resistance to; penicillins, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, colistin, fosfomycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline, however, they were sensitive to gentamycin except O159 serogroup. The current study revealed low level of contamination of shellfish from coastal shores of Lake Timsah with STEC, however, it also highlights the extreme level of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by the presumptive and confirmed STEC isolates which is very hazardous for seafood consumers in the study area.
Confidence-driven communication of process mining on time series
Authors: Koschmider Agnes , Oppelt Natascha , Hundsdörfer Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe combination of machine learning techniques with process analytics like process mining might even significantly elevate novel insights into time series data collections. To efficiently analyze time series by process mining and to convey confidence into the analysis result, requires bridging challenges. The purpose of this article is to discuss these challenges and to present initial solutions.