bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling a basalt reactor for direct air CO2 capture
Authors: Schwartz Michael O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGround basalt has been used as mineral fertilizer since the early thirties. Ground basalt captures CO2 from the atmosphere and the soil pore space, raises the soil pH and reduces ocean acidification. One tonne of basalt captures 0.153–0.165 tonne CO2, depending on infiltration rate (400–1200 mm/a), reactive surface area (3.7–15 m2/g) and CO2 partial pressure (41.1–3000 Pa). When the infiltration rate is high (1200 mm/a), the CO2 capture capacity of basalt is exhausted after 9.5–11.4 years. When the infiltration rate is low (400 mm/a), the capture capacity is exhausted after 28.2–33.1 years. With the exhaustion of the capture capacity, the newly formed carbonates that sequestered CO2 start dissolving. The dissolution is complete after 34.9–101.7 years, depending on infiltration rate, reactive surface area and CO2 partial pressure. The reaction products are transported to the ocean via surface waters. The degree to which the fugacity of CO2 controlled by the Henry constant exceeds the fugacity of atmospheric CO2 along the travel path depends on many unknowns. Thus, it is impossible to reliably predict to which degree the captured CO2 is recycled to the atmosphere, if it is recycled at all.
Time-Varying Functional Principal Components for Non-Stationary EpCO$$_2$$ in Freshwater Systems
Authors: Elayouty Amira , Scott Marian , Miller Claire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOutgassing of carbon dioxide (CO$$_2$$

2

) from river surface waters, estimated using partial pressure of dissolved CO$$_2$$

2

, has recently been considered an important component of the global carbon budget. However, little is still known about the high-frequency dynamics of CO$$_2$$

2

emissions in small-order rivers and streams. To analyse such highly dynamic systems, we propose a time-varying functional principal components analysis (FPCA) for non-stationary functional time series (FTS). This time-varying FPCA is performed in the frequency domain to investigate how the variability and auto-covariance structures in a FTS change over time. This methodology, and the associated proposed inference, enables investigation of the changes over time in the variability structure of the diurnal profiles of the partial pressure of CO$$_2$$

2

and identification of the drivers of those changes. By means of a simulation study, the performance of the time-varying dynamic FPCs is investigated under different scenarios of complete and incomplete FTS. Although the time-varying dynamic FPCA has been applied here to study the daily processes of consuming and producing CO$$_2$$

2

in a small catchment of the river Dee in Scotland, this methodology can be applied more generally to any dynamic time series.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Non-variational weakly coupled elliptic systems
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Szulkin Andrzej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe establish the existence of a nonnegative fully nontrivial solution to a non-variational weakly coupled competitive elliptic system. We show that this kind of solutions belong to a topological manifold of Nehari-type, and apply a degree-theoretical argument on this manifold to derive existence.
Resilience in Agriculture: Communication and Energy Infrastructure Dependencies of German Farmers
Authors: Kuntke Franz , Linsner Sebastian , Steinbrink Enno , Franken Jonas , Reuter Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgriculture is subject to high demands regarding resilience as it is an essential component of the food production chain. In the agricultural sector, there is an increasing usage of digital tools that rely on communication and energy infrastructures. Should disruption occur, such strengthened dependencies on other infrastructures increase the probability of ripple effects. Thus, there is a need to analyze the resilience of the agricultural sector with a specific focus on the effects of digitalization. This study works out resilience capacities of the interconnected technologies used in farm systems based on the experiences and opinions of farmers. Information was gathered through focus group interviews with farmers (N = 52) and a survey with participants from the agricultural sector (N = 118). In particular, the focus is put on the digital tools and other information and communication technologies they use. Based on a definition of resilience capacities, we evaluate resilience regarding energy and communication demands in various types of farm systems. Especially important are the resilience aspects of modern systems’ digital communication as well as the poorly developed and nonresilient network infrastructure in rural areas that contrast with the claim for a resilient agriculture. The result is a low robustness capacity, as our analysis concludes with the risk of food production losses.
Neural correlates associated with processing food stimuli in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Bronleigh Madeline , Baumann Oliver , Stapleton Peta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Various neurobiological models have utilised symptom categories to explore the underlying neural correlates in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this research was to investigate the brain activity patterns associated with viewing food stimuli in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Methods
Electronic databases including PsycInfo and PubMed were systematically searched from data base inception until 1st of December 2020, identifying 14 suitable functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI), involving 470 participants. ALE meta-analysis was used to statistically analyse the overlap of activation foci from different fMRI studies in response to visual food stimuli.

Results
Comparing patients with AN with healthy control (HC), we detected hypoactivation in brain areas related to reward processing (i.e., amygdala and lentiform nucleus), and interoceptive processing (i.e., insula). In addition, patients with AN showed hyperactivations in cognitive control areas (i.e., prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex). In contrast, patients with BN exhibited hyperactivations in brain areas related to reward processing (i.e., lentiform nucleus), and interoceptive processing (i.e., insula). Furthermore, patients with BN showed hypoactivations in brain regions associated with cognitive control (i.e., prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex).

Conclusions
Our study shows differing neural endotypes of the two types of eating disorders, that underpin their behavioural phenotypes. While exploratory in nature, these findings might be relevant for guiding new emerging therapies, including invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in treatment of eating disorders.

Level of evidence
Level I, meta-analysis.
Uniqueness of conservative solutions for the Hunter–Saxton equation
Authors: Grunert Katrin , Holden Helge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that the Hunter–Saxton equation $$u_t+uu_x=\frac{1}{4}\big (\int _{-\infty }^x \hbox {d}\mu (t,z)- \int ^{\infty }_x \hbox {d}\mu (t,z)\big )$$

u
t

+
u

u
x

=

1
4

(

∫

-
∞

x

d
μ

(
t
,
z
)

-

∫
x
∞

d
μ

(
t
,
z
)

)

and $$\mu _t+(u\mu )_x=0$$

μ
t

+

(
u
μ
)

x

=
0

has a unique, global, weak, and conservative solution $$(u,\mu )$$

(
u
,
μ
)

of the Cauchy problem on the line.
Classical Forecasting of International Tourist Arrivals to Thailand
Authors: Intarapak Sukanya , Supapakorn Thidaporn , Vuthipongse Witchanee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this work are to find the suitable forecasting model and forecasting period of the number of foreign tourists traveling to Thailand. The monthly data is gathered during January 2008 to December 2019 and is divided into two sets. The first set is the data from January 2008 to December 2018 for the modelling by the method of decomposition, Holt–Winter’s exponential smoothing method and the Box–Jenkins. The second is the monthly data in 2019 for comparing the performance of the forecasting models via the criteria of the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that, in term of forecasting, the multiplicative decomposition is the most accurate technique for the short-term (3 months) forecasting period with the lowest MAPE and RMSE of 1.04% and 42,054.29 international tourists, respectively.
Thermolab: A Thermodynamics Laboratory for Nonlinear Transport Processes in Open Systems
Authors: Vrijmoed J. C. , Podladchikov Y. Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe developed a numerical thermodynamics laboratory called “Thermolab” to study the effects of the thermodynamic behavior of nonideal solution models on reactive transport processes in open systems. The equations of the state of internally consistent thermodynamic data sets are implemented in MATLAB functions and form the basis for calculating Gibbs energy. A linear algebraic approach is used in Thermolab to compute Gibbs energy of mixing for multicomponent phases to study the impact of the nonideality of solution models on transport processes. The Gibbs energies are benchmarked with experimental data, phase diagrams, and other thermodynamic software. Constrained Gibbs minimization is exemplified with MATLAB codes and iterative refinement of composition of mixtures may be used to increase precision and accuracy. All needed transport variables such as densities, phase compositions, and chemical potentials are obtained from Gibbs energy of the stable phases after the minimization in Thermolab. We demonstrate the use of precomputed local equilibrium data obtained with Thermolab in reactive transport models. In reactive fluid flow the shape and the velocity of the reaction front vary depending on the nonlinearity of the partitioning of a component in fluid and solid. We argue that nonideality of solution models has to be taken into account and further explored in reactive transport models. Thermolab Gibbs energies can be used in Cahn‐Hilliard models for nonlinear diffusion and phase growth. This presents a transient process toward equilibrium and avoids computational problems arising during precomputing of equilibrium data.
Impacts of Limited Model Resolution on the Representation of Mountain Wave and Secondary Gravity Wave Dynamics in Local and Global Models. 1: Mountain Waves in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
Authors: Fritts David C. , Lund Adam C. , Lund Thomas S. , Yudin Valery 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLong‐term efforts have sought to extend global model resolution to smaller scales enabling more accurate descriptions of gravity wave (GW) sources and responses, given their major roles in coupling and variability throughout the atmosphere. Such studies reveal significant improvements accompanying increasing resolution, but no guidance on what is sufficient to approximate reality. We take the opposite approach, using a finite‐volume model solving the Navier‐Stokes equations exactly. The reference simulation addresses mountain wave (MW) generation and responses over the Southern Andes described using isotropic 500 m, central resolution by Fritts et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0207.1 and Lund et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0356.1. Reductions of horizontal resolution to 1 and 2 km result in (a) systematic increases in initial MW breaking altitudes, (b) weaker, larger‐scale generation of secondary GWs and acoustic waves accompanying these dynamics, and (c) significantly weaker and less extended responses in the mesosphere in latitude and longitude. Horizontal resolution of 4 km largely suppresses instabilities, but allows weak, sustained mean‐flow interactions. Responses for 8 km resolution are very weak and fail to capture any aspects of the high‐resolution responses. The chosen mean winds allow efficient MW penetration into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, hence only exhibit strong pseudo‐momentum deposition and mean wind decelerations at higher altitudes. A companion paper by Fritts et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036035 explores the impacts of decreasing resolution on responses in the thermosphere.
Numerical Simulations of Confined Braided River Morphodynamics: Display of Deterministic Chaos and Characterization Through Turbulence Theory
Authors: Stecca Guglielmo , Hicks D. Murray 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we utilize a numerical morphological simulation approach to study braiding channel dynamics under steady flow. We conduct 11 different runs in a laboratory configuration, with each initial condition featuring a unique small‐amplitude perturbation pattern of the bed topography. From these infinitesimal initial differences, braided channels evolve into patterns that are macroscopically different and unique to each run, thus showing sensitive dependence on the initial condition and hence a chaotic behavior. Leveraging the analogy of braiding and fluid turbulence put forward by Paola (1996), by introducing a Reynolds‐type decomposition of bed elevations into a reference and a fluctuating component we characterize braided channel dynamics through statistics of bed fluctuations. We observe that, over the simulation time frame, braiding is not statistically homogeneous, but is stationary in a spatially averaged sense. We prove that braiding is anisotropic and extract two distinct length scales associated with the correlations of bed fluctuations in the streamwise and cross‐channel direction. We observe that, under the time averaging window that yields stationary braiding, braiding shows hints of ergodic behavior, as the time statistics of one run converge to the ensemble statistics computed across all the other runs.
CMTM6 inhibits tumor growth and reverses chemoresistance by preventing ubiquitination of p21 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yue , Zhu Yingqin , Yang Jieying , Pan Qiuzhong , Zhao Jingjing , Song Mengjia , Yang Chaopin , Han Yulong , Tang Yan , Wang Qijing , He Jia , Li Yongqiang , He Junyi , Chen Hao , Weng Desheng , Xiang Tong , Xia Jian Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and has a poor prognosis. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for the degradation of most short-lived proteins. CMTM6 has been implicated in the progression of various tumors, but its biological function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC are still unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of CMTM6 was significantly reduced in HCC and predicted better prognosis of HCC patients. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, CMTM6 was shown to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by blocking the G1/S phase transition. Mechanistically, CMTM6 interacted with p21 and prevented its ubiquitination mediated by SCFSKP2, CRL4CDT2 and APC/CCDC20 in a cell-cycle–independent manner. As a result, CMTM6 stabilized p21 protein, leading to the inactivation of pRB/E2F pathway. Additionally, CMTM6 sensitized HCC cells to doxorubicin and cisplatin, positively correlated with better clinical outcomes of the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment for postoperative recurrence. Taken together, our study reports a novel mechanism by which p21 can be stabilized by CMTM6 and pinpoints a crucial role of the CMTM6-p21 axis in suppressing the progression of HCC and sensitizing patients with postoperative recurrence to TACE treatment.
Investigating the microbial and metalloprotease sequestration properties of superabsorbent wound dressings
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Byrne Charlotte , Thomason Helen , McBain Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExudate production is a natural part of the wound healing process, however levels of exudate need to be appropriately managed to maintain a moist wound environment which supports healing. An overly-exuding wound creates an environment favourable to bacterial growth. In recent years, a significant increase in commercially available superabsorbent dressings have become available which claim to absorb and retain excess exudate and its components. However, the effectiveness of these dressings in sequestering and retaining bacteria and host-derived proteins has not been compared. We have therefore investigated several superabsorbent dressings for their ability to absorb and retain bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), their impact on bacterial viability, and their ability to sequester matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and 9 over 7 days. Whilst all dressings could sequester bacteria, some dressings internalised bacteria more effectively. There was considerable variation in bacterial viability within the dressings’ core, as well as differences in bacterial retention. Some dressings effectively internalised and retained bacteria over time, whereas other dressings retained significantly less. These differences were reflected visually using scanning electron microscopy. Most dressings fully sequestered MMP-2 and 9. These data illustrate differences in the ability of superabsorbent dressings to absorb and retain exudate and its components.
A one-dimensional parameter-free model for carcinogenesis in gene expression space
Authors: Herrero Roberto , Leon Dario A. , Gonzalez Augusto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA small portion of a tissue defines a microstate in gene expression space. Mutations, epigenetic events or external factors cause microstate displacements which are modeled by combining small independent gene expression variations and large Levy jumps, resulting from the collective variations of a set of genes. The risk of cancer in a tissue is estimated as the microstate probability to transit from the normal to the tumor region in gene expression space. The formula coming from the contribution of large Levy jumps seems to provide a qualitatively correct description of the lifetime risk of cancer in 8 tissues, and reveals an interesting connection between the risk and the way the tissue is protected against infections.
Greater medial meniscus extrusion seen on ultrasonography indicates the risk of MRI-detected complete medial meniscus posterior root tear in a Japanese population with knee pain
Authors: Chiba Daisuke , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo elucidate the association between medial meniscus extrusion measured on ultrasonography (MMEUS) and the prevalence of medial meniscus posterior root tear detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MMPRTMRI). We recruited 127 patients (135 knees; 90 females; mean age: 64.4 ± 8.7 years old; mean BMI: 25.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) in this cross-sectional study. All participants had medial knee pain without a knee trauma or surgery history. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) severity was evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) scores. Patients with KLG scores 0–1 and ≥ 2 were classified in non-radiographic (non-ROA) and radiographic KOA (ROA) groups, respectively. MMEUS was measured with patients in the supine position. Based on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, MMPRTMRI was defined as the presence of “Ghost meniscus sign” and “Cleft/truncation sign”, indicating an abnormal high signal intensity of a completely disrupted posterior root. MMEUS was compared between MMPRT+ and MMPRT– patients using a non-paired t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal cut-off MMEUS to predict MMPRT+. The prevalence of MMPRT+ was 31.3% (25/80 knees) and 29.1% (16/55 knees) in the non-ROA and ROA groups. The MMEUS of MMPRT+ patients were significantly greater than that of MMPRT– patients in both the non-ROA (5.9 ± 1.4 mm vs. 4.4 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.001) and ROA (7.8 ± 1.3 mm vs. 6.3 ± 1.3 mm, P < 0.001) groups. ROC curves demonstrated that 5-mm and 7-mm MMEUS were the optimal cut-off values in non-ROA (adjusted odds ratio: 6.280; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.809; P < 0.001) and ROA (adjusted odds ratio: 15.003; AUC: 0.797; P = 0.001) groups. In both early non-radiographic and established radiographic KOA stages, a greater MMEUS was associated with a higher MMPRTMRI prevalence.
Heterogeneity-induced lane and band formation in self-driven particle systems
Authors: Khelfa Basma , Korbmacher Raphael , Schadschneider Andreas , Tordeux Antoine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe collective motion of interacting self-driven particles describes many types of coordinated dynamics and self-organisation. Prominent examples are alignment or lane formation which can be observed alongside other ordered structures and nonuniform patterns. In this article, we investigate the effects of different types of heterogeneity in a two-species self-driven particle system. We show that heterogeneity can generically initiate segregation in the motion and identify two heterogeneity mechanisms. Longitudinal lanes parallel to the direction of motion emerge when the heterogeneity statically lies in the agent characteristics (quenched disorder). While transverse bands orthogonal to the motion direction arise from dynamic heterogeneity in the interactions (annealed disorder). In both cases, non-linear transitions occur as the heterogeneity increases, from disorder to ordered states with lane or band patterns. These generic features are observed for a first and a second order motion model and different characteristic parameters related to particle speed and size. Simulation results show that the collective dynamics occur in relatively short time intervals, persist stationary, and are partly robust against random perturbations.
A resonant cavity system for exposing cell cultures to intense pulsed RF fields
Authors: Ur-Rehman Masood , Alfadhl Yasir , Chen Xiaodong , Whiting Rachel , Wright Alex , Lindsay Christopher D. , Tattersall John , Scott Iain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe IEEE and ICNIRP had specified a maximum permissible exposure for instantaneous peak electric field of 100 kV/m. However, no rationale was given for this limit. A novel exposure system was designed through a detailed process of analytical analysis, numerical modelling and prototype testing. The system consists of a cylindrical re-entrant resonant cavity that can achieve an electric field strength of more than 100 kV/m with an input power of 200 W. The working of the system was evaluated in simulation and experiment in terms of scattering parameters, electric field distributions and specific absorption rate. The system was then used to carry out in-vitro exposures of a human lymphoid cell line (GG0257) to a 1195 MHz signal at 53 dBm peak power and a pulse width of 550 ns at a range of interpulse intervals to identify heating-induced changes in cell viability. The proposed system offers high Q value of 5920 in unloaded condition which was reduced to 57 when loaded with 12 ml of cell culture but still offering 67 kV/m of the field intensity. Using the system for the exposure of GG0257 cells lasting 18 min, interpulse intervals of 11 μs or less caused a reduction in the number of viable cells and a corresponding increase in necrotic cells. For a shorter exposure duration of 6 min, the reduction in cell viability was seen at interpulse intervals of 5.5 μs or less. The designed exposure system is well capable of handling high intensity electric fields. Temperature measurements with a fibre optic probe and temperature sensitive labels showed that changes in viability were associated with temperature increases above 46 °C. This novel exposure system is an efficient means to investigate the possible relationship between peak field intensity and biological effects to provide a rationale behind the maximum exposure limit of 100 kV/m.