bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camera traps enable the estimation of herbaceous aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in an African savanna at high temporal resolution
Authors: de Jonge Inger K. , Veldhuis Michiel P. , Vrieling Anton , Olff Han 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetermining the drivers of aboveground net primary production (ANPP), a key ecosystem process, is an important goal of ecosystem ecology. However, accurate estimation of ANPP across larger areas remains challenging, especially for savanna ecosystems that are characterized by large spatiotemporal heterogeneity in ANPP. Satellite remote sensing methods are frequently used to estimate productivity at the landscape scale but generally lack the spatial and temporal resolution to capture the determinants of productivity variation. Here, we developed and tested methods for estimating herbaceous productivity as an alternative to labour‐intensive repeated biomass clipping and caging of small plots. We compared measures of three spectral greenness indices, normalized difference vegetation index derived from Sentinel‐2 (NDVIs) and a handheld radiometer (NDVIg), and green chromatic coordinate derived from digital repeat cameras (GCC) and tested their relationship to biweekly field‐measured herbaceous ANPP using movable exclosures. We found that a satellite‐based model including average NDVIs and its rate of change (ΔNDVIs) over the biweekly productivity measurement interval predicted herbaceous ANPP reasonably well (Jackknife R2 = 0.26). However, the predictive accuracy doubled (Jackknife R2 = 0.52) when including the sum of day to day increases in camera trap‐derived vegetation greenness (tGCC). This result can be considered promising, given the current lack of productivity estimation methods at comparable spatiotemporal resolution. We furthermore found that the fine (daily) temporal resolution of GCC time series captured fast vegetation responses to rainfall events that were missed when using a coarser temporal resolution (>2 days). These findings demonstrate the importance of measuring at a fine temporal resolution for predicting herbaceous ANPP in savanna ecosystems. We conclude that camera traps are promising in offering a reliable and cost‐effective method to estimate productivity in savannas and contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and its drivers.
Rapid Pressureless Sintering of Glasses
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Zhao Xinpeng , Wang Chengwei , Dong Qi , Qian Ji , Zhang Guangran , Brozena Alexandra H. , Wang Xizheng , He Shuaiming , Ping Weiwei , Chen Gang , Pei Yong , Zheng Chaolun , Clifford Bryson Callie , Hong Min , Wu Yiquan , Yang Bao , Luo Jian , Albertus Paul , Hu Liangbing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilica glasses have wide applications in industrial fields due to their extraordinary properties, such as high transparency, low thermal expansion coefficient, and high hardness. However, current methods of fabricating silica glass generally require long thermal treatment time (up to hours) and complex setups, leading to high cost and slow manufacturing speed. Herein, to obtain high‐quality glasses using a facile and rapid method, an ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) technique is reported that requires no additional pressure. Using UHS, silica precursors can be densified in seconds due to the large heating rate (up to 102 K s−1) of closely placed carbon heaters. The typical sintering time is as short as ≈10 s, ≈1–3 orders of magnitude faster than other methods. The sintered glasses exhibit relative densities of > 98% and high visible transmittances of ≈90%. The powder‐based sintering process also allows rapid doping of metal ions to fabricate colored glasses. The UHS is further extended to sinter other functional glasses such as indium tin oxide (ITO)‐doped silica glass, and other transparent ceramics such as Gd‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet. This study demonstrates an UHS proof‐of‐concept for the rapid fabrication of high‐quality glass and opens an avenue toward rapid discovery of transparent materials.
In Situ Constructing Coordination Compounds Interphase to Stabilize Zn Metal Anode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn–SeS2 Batteries
Authors: Li Jianbo , He Bin , Zhang Yi , Cheng Zexiao , Yuan Lixia , Huang Yunhui , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries have been regarded as the most promising aqueous batteries due to their low redox potential, high theoretical capacity, and abundant Zn resources. Unfortunately, Zn dendrite growth and serious side reactions drastically curtail the cycle life, severely affecting their large‐scale application. Herein, a multifunctional ordered Zn‐aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid (Zn‐ATMP) film is in situ modified on the surface of metal Zn via a facile etching process. The modified layer can not only retard the side reactions and suppress the corrosion rate, but also lower the Zn nucleation overpotential and accelerate diffusion and homogenize deposition of Zn2+ due to the strong Zn affinity. Consequently, the as‐prepared Zn‐ATMP@Zn anode in the symmetric cell enables long‐term lifespan (over 1000 h) at 10.0 mA cm−2 with a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, when assembled with a SeS2‐based cathode, a long lifespan for over 280 cycles at 2 C can be achieved for the aqueous Zn–SeS2 battery. This work provides a reliable strategy for constructing stabilized Zn anode and accelerating the development of an aqueous energy storage system.
Flexible substrates enabled highly integrated patterns with submicron precision toward intrinsically stretchable circuits
Authors: Lv Wenkun , Liu Zhaoxin , Li Zheng , Han Zhifei , Yang Yongrui , Li Qi , Qiao Yali , Song Yanlin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFabricating high integration density, high resolution, and intrinsically stretchable patterns by patterned technologies remain challenging. Template printing enabled high‐precision patterned fabrication at a facile operation. However, the pattern spacing constraint is the major limitation to high integration density. In this study, we develop an elastomer‐assisted strategy to improve the template printing process, which involves patterning on the prestrain elastic substrate. This strategy overcomes the spacing limitation and enables the realization of a centimeter‐scale pattern with submicron precision. Particularly, the integration density of fabricated intrinsically stretchable patterns can reach 1932 lines on a substrate of 0.5 cm2; the assembly lines with a feature size of 880 nm and an interval of 955 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate a facile approach for constructing silver nanoparticle/liquid metal alloy composite conductive patterns. The as‐prepared flexible electrodes can withstand up to 150% strain and a 2‐mm bend radius. This method provides new insights into template printing technology. Additionally, it opens a route for the simultaneous construction of functional patterned arrays with large scale, high integration density, and intrinsic stretchability, which will be useful for the integrated fabrication of various flexible electronic devices.
Studies on the retention behavior of quercetin, phenol, and caffeine as test substances on selected neutral and charged hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phases
Authors: Ziobrowski Piotr , Zapała Lidia , Zapała Wojciech 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of mobile phase composition and column temperature on the retention behavior of quercetin, phenol, and caffeine as test analytes was analyzed. The experiments were conducted in columns filled with the charged amine phase and the neutral amide phase. As mobile phases, the varying fractions of methanol or acetonitrile in water solutions were applied. The most likely retention mechanisms have been discussed. The results of investigations confirm the importance of a mixed adsorption‐partition retention mechanism in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography process, regardless of the mobile phase composition and type of stationary phase. Investigations have also shown that in the tested systems the retention mechanism is also strongly column temperature‐dependent. Additionally, the efficiency of the tested columns was determined and analyzed as a function of the linear flow velocity. The obtained literature known as van Deemter plots confirms generally higher column efficiencies in the systems with acetonitrile as an organic component of the mobile phase. However, in some cases, the application of methanol allows obtaining similar column efficiencies. Furthermore, the results show that both columns tested exhibit comparable efficiency in the most tested systems and provide very good efficiency preservation over the wide range of eluent velocities.
Nerolidol induced apoptosis via PI3K/JNK regulation through cell cycle arrest in MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Yu Yang , Velu Periyannan , Ma Yulong , Vijayalakshmi Annamalai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the cell proliferation, apoptotic pathway analysis through protein, mRNA and cell cycle arrest mechanism in nerolidol induced osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. The osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were treated with various doses of nerolidol (15 and 20 μM/ml) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was examined using assist method of MTT assay, fixed the IC50 value of nerolidol 15 μM/ml. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed by DCFH‐DA dye, mitochondrial potential detected by Rh‐123 dye, apoptotic morphological changes identified by AO/EtBr, PI, DAPI staining, and cell adhesion were detected by using fluorescence microscope. Cell proliferation, and apoptotic molecular protein and mRNA expressions such as ERK, P38, p‐PI3K, p‐JNK, Bcl‐2, JNK, p‐P38, cyclin‐D1, and Bax were analyzed in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. Nerolidol significantly suppressed the osteosarcoma cells progression in a dose dependent manner (p < .05) evident in the oxidative stress induction and apoptotic morphological changes. Nerolidol also regulated the protein PI3K/AKT mechanistically via induction of apoptosis Nerolidol suppresses osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells by PI3K/AKT by cell cycle arrest at early phase of G0/G1. To sum up, nerolidol suppressed the growth of bone cancer cells and can be finally targeted as a potent drug for analyzing its chemotherapeutic effects in future.
Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq
Authors: Jwher Dh. M. , Dahl Mohammad O. , Saeed Shahad I. , Abdalazeez Aomnea M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSlaughterhouses can provide valuable information about animal diseases and their epidemiology.ObjectivesThe current study was designed to examine the health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul abattoir, Iraq.MethodsMosul abattoir records for sheep slaughtered between 2011 and 2013 were considered for inclusion in this study. The direct financial loss due to liver and lung lesions was estimated considering the average number of slaughtered sheep per year, the average percentage of liver lesions per year, and the average percentage of lung lesions per year. Monetary values of the liver and lung were obtained from local butcheries.ResultsThe analysis indicated that the percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year was 6.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Hydatid cyst followed by hepatitis was the most frequent lesions identified in the liver, while pneumonia then hydatid cyst were detected in the lung, followed by worms, abscess, and miscellaneous lesions. Hydatid cyst was the most frequently observed lesions. The average total loss was 35,232 USD per year (mostly due to liver lesions), with ±7046 USD sensitivity to the price change.ConclusionsThe percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year is not negligible and can cause considerable economic losses.
Assessing Chromatin Accessibility During WBR in Acoels
Authors: Gehrke Andrew R. , Srivastava Mansi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDynamic gene expression seen during whole-body regeneration is likely controlled by genomic regulatory elements that dictate the spatiotemporal activity of the regeneration transcriptome. Identifying and characterizing these non-coding regulatory sequences are key to understanding how genes are connected into networks to deploy the process of whole-body regeneration. Here, we describe the application of the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) in the acoel Hofstenia miamia to identify regions of open chromatin that represent putative regulatory elements. Notably, when paired with gene knockdown techniques such as RNAi, ATAC-seq can be implemented in a functional genomics approach to validate putative regulatory elements. ATAC-seq requires no species-specific reagents, is amenable to small input cell numbers, and can be completed in a single day, making it an ideal assay to identify dynamic chromatin at high resolution during whole-body regeneration in virtually any species with a quality genome assembly.
Transforming Conventional Education through ODDE
Authors: Nichols Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOpen and distance education has a long history and rich heritage, its literature affirming that a systems approach based on industrial production is an optimal means of providing education that is accessible, cost-effective, flexible, open, and scalable. This approach to education, based on an asynchronous separation of participants, continues to find its expression in the Internet age. The recent COVID-19 global pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This sudden adoption of online education took place more in response to need than careful strategizing. Significantly, the term “online distance education” is often used to describe the mostly synchronous ERT model, even though this is out of step with classic distance education theory. This chapter explores the differences across educational models beneath the terms “conventional education” and “open, distance digital education (ODDE),” and the nature of “transformation” as conventional and distance models of education are expressed online. Transforming conventional education through ODDE challenges our thinking as to the nature of education practice and the potential of digital technology in the twenty-first-century context. The potential of ODDE – anytime enrolment and assessment, effectiveness and efficiency in tuition, enhancing student success by design and personalized provision – goes well beyond extending the classroom into the online space. For on-campus providers to become effective ODDE providers, a transformation is required. The final part of this chapter deals with the challenges of rethinking the role of the educator and of reformulating a university’s operating model.
Supporting Learners with Special Needs in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Kocdar Serpil , Bozkurt Aras 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOpen, distance, and digital education (ODDE) is meant to provide unique educational opportunities for everyone, including learners with special needs. While promising flexible and accessible learning experiences for learners with special needs, ODDE may simultaneously result in the creation of certain barriers. Supporting learners with special needs in ODDE environments, therefore, becomes a critical task for all educational institutions. This chapter focuses on the challenges that learners with special needs encounter during their learning process in ODDE, as well as those mechanisms that can be used to support them in order to overcome these challenges, such as means of increasing accessibility, recognizing Universal Design for Learning principles, using assistive technologies, providing accommodations, and adaptations in terms of pedagogical, managerial, social, and technical support. The chapter suggests that ODDE is inclusive in nature and that it should therefore further focus on empathy and care-oriented pedagogies. ODDE, inspired by openness philosophy, envisions equity, equality, and justice for every learner, including learners with special needs.
Next-to-leading-order QCD matching for ∆F = 2 processes in scalar leptoquark models
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Eguren Jordi Folch , Virto Javier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Leptoquarks provide viable solutions to the flavour anomalies, i.e. they can explain the tensions between the measurements and the Standard Model predictions of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as well as b → sℓ+ℓ− and b → cτν processes. However, LQs also contribute to other flavour observables, such as ∆F = 2 processes, at the loop-level. In particular, Bs−$$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

s mixing provides a crucial bound in setups addressing b → cτν data, often excluding a big portion of the parameter space that could otherwise account for it. In this article, we first derive the complete leading order matching, including all five scalar LQ representations, for D0−$$ \overline{D} $$

D
¯

0, K0−$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

0 and Bs,d−$$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

s,d mixing (at the dimension-six level). We then calculate the next-to-leading order αs matching corrections to these ∆F = 2 processes in generic scalar leptoquark models. We find that the two-loop corrections increase the effects in ∆F = 2 processes by ~ 5-10% and significantly reduce the matching scale uncertainty.
Monodromy bootstrap for SU(2|2) quantum spectral curves: from Hubbard model to AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Ekhammar Simon , Volin Dmytro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose a procedure to derive quantum spectral curves of AdS/CFT type by requiring that a specially designed analytic continuation around the branch point results in an automorphism of the underlying algebraic structure. In this way we derive four new curves. Two are based on SU(2|2) symmetry, and we show that one of them, under the assumption of square root branch points, describes Hubbard model. Two more are based on SU(2|2) × SU(2|2). In the special subcase of zero central charge, they both reduce to the unique nontrivial curve which furthermore has analytic properties compatible with PSU(1, 1|2) × PSU(1, 1|2) real form. A natural conjecture follows that this is the quantum spectral curve of AdS/CFT integrable system with AdS3 × S3 × T4 background supported by RR-flux. We support the conjecture by verifying its consistency with the massive sector of asymptotic Bethe equations in the large volume regime. For this spectral curve, it is compulsory that branch points are not of the square root type which qualitatively distinguishes it from the previously known cases.
A close look on 2-3 mixing angle with DUNE in light of current neutrino oscillation data
Authors: Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Kundu Ritam , Prakash Suprabh , Singh Masoom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent global fit analyses of 3ν oscillation data show a preference for normal mass ordering (NMO) at 2.5σ and provide 1.6σ indications for lower θ23 octant (sin2θ23< 0.5) and leptonic CP violation (sin δCP< 0). In this work, we study in detail the capabilities of DUNE to establish the deviation from maximal θ23 and to resolve its octant in light of the current data. Introducing for the first time, a bi-events plot in the plane of total ν and $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

disappearance events, we discuss the impact of sin2θ23 – ∆$$ {m}_{31}^2 $$

m
31
2

degeneracy in establishing non-maximal θ23 and show how this degeneracy can be resolved with the help of spectral analysis. A 3σ (5σ) determination of non-maximal θ23 is possible in DUNE with an exposure of 336 kt·MW·years if the true value of sin2θ23 ≲ 0.465 (0.450) or sin2θ23 ≳ 0.554 (0.572). We study the role of appearance and disappearance channels, systematic uncertainties, marginalization over oscillation parameters, and the importance of spectral analysis in establishing non-maximal θ23. We observe that both ν and $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

data are essential to settle the θ23 octant at a high confidence level. DUNE can resolve the octant of θ23 at 4.2σ (5σ) using 336 (480) kt·MW·years of exposure for the present best-fit values of oscillation parameters. DUNE can improve the current relative 1σ precision on sin2θ23 (∆$$ {m}_{31}^2 $$

m
31
2

) by a factor of 4.4 (2.8) using 336 kt·MW·years of exposure.
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTORS AND TWO-PARAMETER QUANTUM SYMMETRIC PAIRS
Authors: BUCIUMAS VALENTIN , KO HANKYUNG 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop a theory of two-parameter quantum polynomial functors. Similar to how (strict) polynomial functors give a new interpretation of polynomial representations of the general linear groups GLn, the two-parameter polynomial functors give a new interpretation of (polynomial) representations of the quantum symmetric pair ($$ {U}_{Q,q}^B $$UQ,qB($$ \mathfrak{gl} $$gln),Uq($$ \mathfrak{gl} $$gln)) which specializes to type AIII/AIV quantum symmetric pairs. The coideal subalgebra$$ {U}_{Q,q}^B $$UQ,qB($$ \mathfrak{gl} $$gln) appears in a Schur–Weyl duality with the type B Hecke algebra$$ {\mathcal{H}}_{Q,q}^B $$HQ,qB(d). We endow two-parameter polynomial functors with a cylinder braided structure which we use to construct the two-parameter Schur functors. Our polynomial functors can be precomposed with the quantum polynomial functors of type A producing new examples of action pairs.
SYMPLECTIC PBW DEGENERATE FLAG VARIETIES; PBW TABLEAUX AND DEFINING EQUATIONS
Authors: BALLA GEORGE 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe define a set of PBW-semistandard tableaux that is in a weight-preserving bijection with the set of monomials corresponding to integral points in the Feigin–Fourier–Littelmann–Vinberg polytope for highest weight modules of the symplectic Lie algebra. We then show that these tableaux parametrize bases of the multihomogeneous coordinate rings of the complete symplectic original and PBW degenerate flag varieties. From this construction, we provide explicit degenerate relations that generate the defining ideal of the PBW degenerate variety with respect to the Plücker embedding. These relations consist of type Α degenerate Plücker relations and a set of degenerate linear relations that we obtain from De Concini’s linear relations.
Symplectic mapping class groups of K3 surfaces and Seiberg–Witten invariants
Authors: Smirnov Gleb 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this note is to prove that the symplectic mapping class groups of many K3 surfaces are infinitely generated. Our proof makes no use of any Floer-theoretic machinery but instead follows the approach of Kronheimer and uses invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations.