bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational and Experimental Assessment of a MW-Scale Supercritical CO2 Compressor Operating in Multiple Near-Critical Conditions
Authors: Toni Lorenzo , Bellobuono Ernani Fulvio , Valente Roberto , Romei Alessandro , Gaetani Paolo , Persico Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work illustrates the results of a wide experimental campaign in the frame of the EU-funded project sCO2-Flex, which focused on the investigation of a MW-scale sCO2 compressor operating in plant-representative conditions. The experimental tests were carried out for four temperature levels between 304.15 K and 309.15 K at a fixed pressure of 79.79 bar, hence covering an extended thermodynamic region close to the critical point. The experimental results are thoroughly discussed with the support of steady computational fluid-dynamics simulations, assuming homogeneous flows and thermodynamic equilibrium for the two-phase flow description. Changing the upstream total state, two peculiar variabilities in the compressor pressure ratio and choking flow rate are experimentally and computationally observed. While the former is mainly related to the single-phase flow thermodynamics, the latter originates from the onset of two-phase flows. As the simulations predict the experimental choking with a maximum error of 3%, the corresponding two-phase speed of sound is analyzed to infer the underlying equilibria between phases. It is found that, for the tested conditions, two-phase flows quickly achieve thermodynamic equilibrium, and non-equilibrium or metastable effects arguably play a marginal role in the process.
Reduced Order Modeling of Forced Response in a Multistage Compressor Under Mistuning and Aerocoupling
Authors: Maroldt Niklas , Schwerdt Lukas , Berger Ricarda , Panning-von Scheidt Lars , Rolfes Raimund , Wallaschek Jörg , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vibration amplitudes and fatigue life in multistage turbomachinery are commonly estimated by an investigation of the individual stages. Research is currently extending the scope to include structural and aeroelastic interstage coupling. Both effects have been shown to significantly influence blade vibrations. For safe operation of modern blisk blading with its lower structural damping due to the elimination of frictional contacts at the blade roots, an accurate prediction of the vibration behavior with mistuning is necessary to avoid high cycle fatigue failures. In this paper, a cyclic Craig-Bampton reduction method with a priori interface reduction for multistage rotors is extended to handle aeroelastic effects. This reduced order model efficiently predicts forced response in multistage applications. Aeroelastic multistage simulations are carried out using the harmonic balance method to account for the stage interactions and yield damping and stiffness coefficients, as well as excitation forces. Small structural mistuning is projected onto the tuned system modes of the rotor. The approach is applied to a 2.5-stage compressor configuration. Monte Carlo simulations show the sensitivity of vibration amplitudes to the aeroelastic coupling for mistuning. The aeroelastic interstage coupling is found to originate mainly from acoustic mode propagation between the stages. The fatigue of rotor blades is significantly affected by multistage interactions since vibration amplitudes increase due to the superposition of the responses of multiple modes. This leads to the conclusion that aeroelastic multistage effects need to be incorporated in future design procedures to allow for an accurate prediction of fatigue life.
Mental Health Symptoms of Amateur Association Football Referees: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lima Yavuz , Devran Sergen , Webb Tom , Bayraktar Bülent 
Published: August 2022

Although referees who officiate in the amateur football leagues are exposed to various stressors that can negatively affect their mental health (MH), little is known about their MH symptoms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate MH symptoms of referees who officiate in the Turkish amateur football leagues. An online survey was sent to all referees in the Turkish amateur football leagues (n = 4,900) incorporating standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 1,279 referees participated in the study. Female referees reported higher depression (p < .01) and anxiety (p = .02) scores than males. Younger referees (23–27 years) reported higher depression (p = .01) and anxiety (p < .01) scores than older (>38 years) referees. Results showed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with marital status (being single), lower incomes, severe sports injury history, and inadequate social support. In light of these results, MH assessments should be undertaken to detect which referees are at greater risk of MH problems and facilitate appropriate and timely MH interventions. Further study is needed to inform MH risk reduction strategies and/or programming.
Thermo-mechanical volume change behavior of municipal solid waste: experimental study and constitutive model
Authors: Li Yu Ping , Chen Jia Rui , Shi Jianyong , Li Xiulei , Wu Xun 
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the thermo-mechanical volume change behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) by conducting drained heating–cooling tests at constant stresses and isothermal consolidation tests using a temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus. The experimental results show that the compression and swelling indexes of MSW specimen were temperature independent, and the heating-induced volumetric contraction was partially reversible upon cooling. Different from conventional soils, the thermally induced reversible and irreversible volumetric strains of MSW were much larger and stress level dependent. Apart from the experimental study, an isotropic thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model was developed in the framework of existing modified Cam-clay model, which allows the prediction of thermally induced volume changes of MSW. An important feature in this model was the derivation of thermally induced plastic volumetric strain based on the concept of equivalent stress. The capability of the proposed model was validated against the experimental results and showed good predictions. This paper serves as the first attempt to study the thermo-mechanical volume change behavior of MSW, and has provided additional data for the serviceability evaluation of existing pipes as well as settlement and capacity estimation of MSW landfills at elevated temperatures.
Grammar Compression by Induced Suffix Sorting
Authors: Nunes Daniel S. N. , Louza Felipe A. , Gog Simon , Ayala-Rincón Mauricio , Navarro Gonzalo 
Published: August 2022

A grammar compression algorithm, called GCIS, is introduced in this work. GCIS is based on the induced suffix sorting algorithm SAIS, presented by Nong et al. in 2009. The proposed solution builds on the factorization performed by SAIS during suffix sorting. A context-free grammar is used to replace factors by non-terminals. The algorithm is then recursively applied on the shorter sequence of non-terminals. The resulting grammar is encoded by exploiting some redundancies, such as common prefixes between right-hands of rules, sorted according to SAIS. GCIS excels for its low space and time required for compression while obtaining competitive compression ratios. Our experiments on regular and repetitive, moderate and very large texts, show that GCIS stands as a very convenient choice compared to well-known compressors such as Gzip 7-Zip; and RePair the gold standard in grammar compression; and recent compressors such as SOLCA, LZRR, and LZD. In exchange, GCIS is slow at decompressing. Yet, grammar compressors are more convenient than Lempel-Ziv compressors in that one can access text substrings directly in compressed form without ever decompressing the text. We demonstrate that GCIS is an excellent candidate for this scenario, because it shows to be competitive among its RePair based alternatives. We also show that the relation with SAIS makes GCIS a good intermediate structure to build the suffix array and the LCP array during decompression of the text.
The checklist of birds of Rajkot district, Gujarat, India with a note on probable local extinction
Authors: Neel Sureja  , Hemanya Radadia  , Bhavesh Trivedi  , Varagiya Dhavalkumar , Mayurdan Gadhavi  
Published: August 2022

Rajkot District in Gujarat, India harbours abundant avifauna, yet systematic checklists of this region are lacking. Here we present a checklist of bird in key habitats both natural and man-made, including grasslands, open lands with scattered scrub forests, wetlands (urban lakes) and reservoirs in Rajkot District. We report 348 species of birds belonging to 74 families and 22 orders, of which 281 species were observed by us during the survey and 67 species were compiled from published literature. Species recorded were from the orders Passeriformes (140), Charadriiformes (50), Accipitriformes (28), Anseriformes (19), and Pelecaniformes (19); 316 species were classed as Least Concern (LC), 18 Near Threatened (NT), eight Vulnerable (VU), two Endangered (EN), and four Critically Endangered (CR) as per IUCN. One-hundred-and-forty-six species are resident, 138 winter visitors, 13 monsoon migrants, 12 vagrants, 12 local migrant, and the rest have multiple migratory status. With regards to habitat suitability, 116 species are aquatic (wetland dependant), 67 open land, 66 forest, 19 grassland, and the remainder show overlaps in habitat preference. A total of 124 species are found to breed in Rajkot District. It is important to note that 17 species have not been sighted in and around Rajkot District since 1990, hence they are listed as locally extinct, along with four Data Deficient species.
Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Ventricular Fibrillation Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women Admitted Alive in the Hospital
Authors: Weizman Orianne , Marijon Eloi , Narayanan Kumar , Boveda Serge , Defaye Pascal , Martins Raphael , Deharo Jean‐Claude , Laurent Gabriel , Klug Didier , Sadoul Nicolas , Hocini Meleze , Mansencal Nicolas , Anselme Frédéric , Da Costa Antoine , Maury Philippe , Ferrières Jean , Schiele François , Simon Tabassome , Danchin Nicolas ,   the FAST‐MI Program Investigators
Published: August 2022

Background
Little data are available in women presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We assessed frequency, predictors of VF, and outcomes, with a special focus on women compared with men.

Methods and Results

Data were analyzed from the FAST‐MI (French Registry of Acute ST‐Elevation or Non‐ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction) program, which prospectively included 14 406 patients admitted to French cardiac intensive care units ≤48 hours from AMI onset between 1995 and 2015 (mean age, 66±14 years; 72% men; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 52±12%; 59% with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction). A total of 359 patients developed VF during AMI, including 81 women (2.0% of 4091 women) and 278 men (2.7% of 10 315 men,
P
=0.02). ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR], 2.29 [95% CI, 1.75–2.99];
P
<0.001) was independently associated with the onset of VF during AMI. In contrast, female sex (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.95];
P
=0.02), hypertension (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60–0.94];
P
=0.01), and prior myocardial infarction (OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.50–0.96];
P
=0.03) were protective factors. Women were less likely to have cardiac intervention than men (percutaneous coronary intervention during hospitalization 48.1% versus 66.9%, respectively;
P
=0.04) with a higher 1‐year mortality in women compared with men (50.6% versus 37.4%, respectively;
P
=0.03), including increased in‐hospital mortality (42.0% versus 32.7%, respectively;
P
=0.12). After adjustment, female sex was no longer associated with a worse 1‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.75–1.61];
P
=0.63).

Conclusions
Women have lower risk of developing VF during AMI compared with men. However, they are less likely to receive cardiac interventions than men, possibly contributing to missed opportunities of improved outcomes.
The Effect of Observability on Professed Moral Values and Pro-social Behavior in an Asian Context: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ch'ng Kean-Siang , Narayanan Suresh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMinority communities frequently draw upon voluntary donations to support their unique needs and giving prominent recognition to donors is a widely used strategy, although anonymous donors are not uncommon. Studies in the West suggest that consequentialists (those concerned with the overall benefit from the outcomes, including to themselves) value the recognition gained by engaging in pro-social behavior. Deontologists, or those holding to values that stress right conduct, would engage in pro-social behavior even without recognition. The latter values parallel principles espoused in Eastern thought. What would be the optimal strategy to maximize donations from both groups? Using the methods of experimental economics, we examined the effect of observability on pro-sociality, and the interaction of moral judgment and observability on the cooperative behavior of participants in a Public Good game. The finding shows that participants who felt they were being observed made significantly higher contributions to the public pool as compared to those who felt anonymous, regardless of the values they professed. This validates the strategy of promising recognition to donors used by Asian immigrant communities because it motivates those who value recognition to donate, and prods those who give without recognition to donate more than they otherwise would.
Does Corruption Discourage Entrepreneurship?
Authors: Park Donghyun , Shin Kwanho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although entrepreneurship plays a key role in economic development, its precise effect remains largely unknown. This is because it is challenging to objectively measure entrepreneurship and identify its determinants. In this paper, we analyze the effect of a particular feature of the institutional landscape, namely, corruption, on entrepreneurship. It is expected that corruption discourages entrepreneurship because it undermines fair competition. We use two proxies for entrepreneurship that are widely used in the literature: (1) nascent entrepreneurship collected from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and (2) entry rate defined as the number of new firms divided by the total number of previous year's registered businesses, collected from World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey. We find that better control of corruption promotes entrepreneurship. Our evidence is stronger when we use entry rate as a proxy of entrepreneurship. Our findings are preserved when we add other determinants of entrepreneurship drawn from the literature. When we use legal origins as instruments for corruption, our results remain essentially the same. The size of population, a proxy for market size, is positively associated with entrepreneurship while corporate taxes are negatively associated.
Disentangled Representation Learning and Generation With Manifold Optimization
Authors: Pandey Arun , Fanuel Michaël , Schreurs Joachim , Suykens Johan A. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disentanglement is a useful property in representation learning, which increases the interpretability of generative models such as variational autoencoders (VAE), generative adversarial models, and their many variants. Typically in such models, an increase in disentanglement performance is traded off with generation quality. In the context of latent space models, this work presents a representation learning framework that explicitly promotes disentanglement by encouraging orthogonal directions of variations. The proposed objective is the sum of an autoencoder error term along with a principal component analysis reconstruction error in the feature space. This has an interpretation of a restricted kernel machine with the eigenvector matrix valued on the Stiefel manifold. Our analysis shows that such a construction promotes disentanglement by matching the principal directions in the latent space with the directions of orthogonal variation in data space. In an alternating minimization scheme, we use the Cayley ADAM algorithm, a stochastic optimization method on the Stiefel manifold along with the Adam optimizer. Our theoretical discussion and various experiments show that the proposed model is an improvement over many VAE variants in terms of both generation quality and disentangled representation learning.
A Generalized Framework of Multifidelity Max-Value Entropy Search Through Joint Entropy
Authors: Takeno Shion , Fukuoka Hitoshi , Tsukada Yuhki , Koyama Toshiyuki , Shiga Motoki , Takeuchi Ichiro , Karasuyama Masayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method for expensive black-box optimization problems; however, querying the objective function at every iteration can be a bottleneck that hinders efficient search capabilities. In this regard, multifidelity Bayesian optimization (MFBO) aims to accelerate BO by incorporating lower-fidelity observations available with a lower sampling cost. In our previous work, we proposed an information-theoretic approach to MFBO, referred to as multifidelity max-value entropy search (MF-MES), which inherits practical effectiveness and computational simplicity of the well-known max-value entropy search (MES) for the single-fidelity BO. However, the applicability of MF-MES is still limited to the case that a single observation is sequentially obtained. In this letter, we generalize MF-MES so that information gain can be evaluated even when multiple observations are simultaneously obtained. This generalization enables MF-MES to address two practical problem settings: synchronous parallelization and trace-aware querying. We show that the acquisition functions for these extensions inherit the simplicity of MF-MES without introducing additional assumptions. We also provide computational techniques for entropy evaluation and posterior sampling in the acquisition functions, which can be commonly used for all variants of MF-MES. The effectiveness of MF-MES is demonstrated using benchmark functions and real-world applications such as materials science data and hyperparameter tuning of machine-learning algorithms.
On Suspicious Coincidences and Pointwise Mutual Information
Authors: Williams Christopher K. I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBarlow (1985) hypothesized that the co-occurrence of two events A and B is “suspicious” if P(A,B)≫P(A)P(B). We first review classical measures of association for 2 × 2 contingency tables, including Yule's Y (Yule, 1912), which depends only on the odds ratio λ and is independent of the marginal probabilities of the table. We then discuss the mutual information (MI) and pointwise mutual information (PMI), which depend on the ratio P(A,B)/P(A)P(B), as measures of association. We show that once the effect of the marginals is removed, MI and PMI behave similarly to Y as functions of λ. The pointwise mutual information is used extensively in some research communities for flagging suspicious coincidences. We discuss the pros and cons of using it in this way, bearing in mind the sensitivity of the PMI to the marginals, with increased scores for sparser events.
L’Ekphrasis de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Brown Llewellyn 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
Au lieu de se réduire à un discours ‘sur’ une œuvre d’art, l’ekphrasis est révélatrice de la logique double réunissant le visuel et le verbal, où chacun décomplète l’autre. Ce caractère double trouve expression dans les « pseudocouples » que forment Beckett et Duthuit, ou encore les frères van Velde, tels que Beckett les évoque. Tout comme le registre spéculaire de l’image, ces couples sont destinés à se défaire, pour cerner la « dérobade » de l’objet et les limites internes du langage.
Beckett & Brecht au Palais de la République
Authors: Clabaut Alice 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
Pour la toute première fois en 1986, une pièce de Beckett est jouée en RDA, dans le lieu très symbolique qu’était le Palais de la République à Berlin-Est. Ce n’est pas le tant attendu Godot qui marquera la fin officielle de la censure pesant sur l’auteur mais La Dernière Bande, mise en scène par David Leveaux et Ekkehard Schall. Toutefois, dans le climat tendu précédant de peu la chute du mur de Berlin, représenter une pièce de Beckett seule n’aurait pas été possible. Celle-ci est couplée avec le poème épique de Brecht « L’Éducation du millet ». Entrent en dialogue deux auteurs de renom, deux héros a priori très opposés, deux blocs politiques en conflit. On retient moins l’événement pour ses qualités dramaturgiques que pour sa résonance politique.
Paramagnetic rims are a promising diagnostic imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Meaton Isobel , Altokhis Amjad , Allen Christopher Martin , Clarke Margareta A , Sinnecker Tim , Meier Dominik , Enzinger Christian , Calabrese Massimiliano , De Stefano Nicola , Pitiot Alain , Giorgio Antonio , Schoonheim Menno M , Paul Friedemann , Pawlak Mikolaj A , Schmidt Reinhold , Granziera Cristina , Kappos Ludwig , Montalban Xavier , Rovira Àlex , Wuerfel Jens , Evangelou Nikos 
Published: August 2022

Background: White matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may contribute to misdiagnosis. In chronic active lesions, peripheral iron-laden macrophages appear as paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs). Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PRLs in differentiating MS from mimics using clinical 3T MRI scanners. Method: This retrospective international study reviewed MRI scans of patients with MS ( n = 254), MS mimics ( n = 91) and older healthy controls ( n = 217). WMLs, detected using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI, were analysed with phase-sensitive imaging. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for PRLs. Results: At least one PRL was found in 22.9% of MS and 26.1% of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients. Only one PRL was found elsewhere. The identification of ⩾1 PRL was the optimal cut-off and had high specificity (99.7%, confidence interval (CI) = 98.20%–99.99%) when distinguishing MS and CIS from mimics and healthy controls, but lower sensitivity (24.0%, CI = 18.9%–36.6%). All patients with a PRL showing a central vein sign (CVS) in the same lesion ( n = 54) had MS or CIS, giving a specificity of 100% (CI = 98.8%–100.0%) but equally low sensitivity (21.3%, CI = 16.4%–26.81%) Conclusion: PRLs may reduce diagnostic uncertainty in MS by being a highly specific imaging diagnostic biomarker, especially when used in conjunction with the CVS.