bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude Dynamics of a Gravity Orientated Satellite under the Influence of Solar Radiation Pressure
Authors: Flanagan R. C. , Modi V. J. 
Published: July 2022

For many space applications, such as communication, weather, military, and scientific experiment satellites scanning precise regions, it is necessary to maintain a satellite in a fixed orientation relative to the earth. Unfortunately, a correctly positioned satellite deviates with time from this preferred orientation due to perturbing environmental forces. This explains considerable interest in libra-tional stability study in recent times.Among the numerous methods developed for librational control, a passive technique depending on the gradient of the gravitational field has gained attention. Depending on the orbital distance, environmental effects, such as, aerodynamic, radiation, and magnetic torques, become significant compared to the gravity-gradient restoring moment. A need to determine the influence of these disturbing forces is thus evident.
Aerofoil nose shapes delaying leading-edge separation
Authors: Tuck E. O. , Dostovalova A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIf an aerofoil of chord c has a parabolic nose with radius of curvature r, and is placed at angle-of-attack α to a stream, the laminar boundary layer on its upper surface remains unseparated for α<0.8l8. In the present paper we consider some smooth local modifications to the leading edge. Symmetric modifications of the nature of local sharpening of the nose can improve this result to at least α<0.897. Further improvements are possible for unsymmetrical (e.g. drooped) noses, and an example of a ‘drooped’ nose with α<0.912 is shown.
Challenges in the better, faster, cheaper era of aeronautical design, engineering and manufacturing
Authors: Murman E. M. , Walton M. , Rebentisch E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract'Better, faster, cheaper’ (BFC) emerged in the 1990s as a new paradigm for aerospace products. In this paper, we examine some of the underlying reasons for BFC and offer some thoughts to help frame the thinking and action of aerospace industry professionals in this new era. Examination of literature on industrial innovation indicates that aeronautical products have evolved to a ‘dominant design’ and entered the ‘specific phase’ of their product life cycle. Innovation in this phase centers on: incremental product improvement, especially for productivity and quality; process technology; technological innovations that offer superior substitutes. The first two of these are aligned with BFC objectives.The concepts of ‘value’ and ‘best lifecycle value’ are introduced as conceptual frameworks. Value is offered as a metric for BFC. Risk management is intimately tied to achieving value and needs to be integrated into aeronautical processes. The process technology area is addressed by considering ‘lean’ practices for design, engineering and manufacturing. Illustrative results of process improvements from the seven-year Lean Aerospace Initiative research programme at MIT indicate opportunities to achieve BFC. Concluding remarks offer some challenges to industry, government and academics in aeronautical design, engineering and manufacturing.
Flight simulation - past, present and future
Authors: Allerton D. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper outlines the development of flight simulators used in civil training, military training and in engineering simulation. It describes the evolution of flight simulators and the typical architecture of a modern flight simulator. The technical innovations, which have occurred in modelling, motion systems and visual systems are reviewed. The paper also reviews the transfer of training in flight simulation, the application of simulation to engineering design and outlines problems which are encountered in flight simulation. The paper concludes by reviewing the current trends in flight simulation.
An investigation of dynamic stall onset on a pitching wing
Authors: Ferrecchia A. , Coton F. N. , Galbraith R. A. McD. , Green R. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an examination of dynamic stall onset on both a rectangular wing and a nominally two-dimensional aerofoil with the same cross-section. The intention is to determine the extent to which the onset of dynamic stall is changed in the three-dimensional case. To do this, three different criteria are applied to measured pressure data to identify both the onset of the stalling process and the formation of the dynamic stall vortex. It is shown that examination of the vorticity flux in the vicinity of the leading edge provides a means of determining vortex formation in the absence of strong three-dimensional effects. It is also shown that this technique is not applicable on outboard sections of the rectangular wing where the phasing of dynamic stall onset with respect to the leading edge response is altered by the three-dimensionality of the flow. It is concluded that the application of two-dimensional stall onset criteria is inappropriate under such conditions.
Non-linear analysis of stall flutter based on the ONERA aerodynamic model
Authors: Beedy J. , Barakos G. , Badcock K.J. , Richards B.E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and efficient way of calculating stall flutter using the ONERA aerodynamic model. At first, the model is presented along with a solution technique based on the harmonic balance method. The parameters of the model are estimated using data either from experiments or CFD calculations and optimised using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The aerodynamic model is then coupled with a structural one using the Rayleigh-Ritz formulation and a solution technique is devised based on the Newton- Raphson method. Finally the model is used to ‘fit’ aerodynamic loads of oscillating aerofoils generated using CFD. The aeroelastic analysis of a helicopter blade is finally undertaken using material properties found in the literature. The model appears to be robust and efficient and able to fit the unsteady aerodynamics of various cases. The proposed aeroelastic analysis was also found to be efficient and capable of providing adequate results for preliminary analysis of stall flutter.
Selenium intakes and plasma selenium of New Zealand toddlers: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Daniels Lisa , Haszard Jillian J. , Gibson Rosalind S. , Taylor Rachael W. , Fleming Elizabeth A. , Miller Jody C. , Thomson Christine D. , Heath Anne-Louise M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLittle is known about Se intakes and status in very young New Zealand children. However, Se intakes below recommendations and lower Se status compared with international studies have been reported in New Zealand (particularly South Island) adults. The Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS) randomised controlled trial compared a modified version of baby-led weaning (infants feed themselves rather than being spoon-fed), with traditional spoon-feeding (Control). Weighed 3-d diet records were collected and plasma Se concentration measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In total, 101 (BLISS n 50, Control n 51) 12-month-old toddlers provided complete data. The OR of Se intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) was no different between BLISS and Control (OR: 0·89; 95 % CI 0·39, 2·03), and there was no difference in mean plasma Se concentration between groups (0·04 μmol/l; 95 % CI −0·03, 0·11). In an adjusted model, consuming breast milk was associated with lower plasma Se concentrations (–0·12 μmol/l; 95 % CI −0·19, −0·04). Of the food groups other than infant milk (breast milk or infant formula), ‘breads and cereals’ contributed the most to Se intakes (12 % of intake). In conclusion, Se intakes and plasma Se concentrations of 12-month-old New Zealand toddlers were no different between those who had followed a baby-led approach to complementary feeding and those who followed traditional spoon-feeding. However, more than half of toddlers had Se intakes below the EAR.
Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome and ribosomal operon forCarassotrema koreanumPark, 1938 (Digenea: Haploporidae) by means of next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Ivashko Y.I. , Semenchenko A.A. , Solodovnik D.A. , Atopkin D.M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe obtained new data on the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the ribosomal operon of the trematodeCarassotrema koreanum(Digenea: Haploporata: Haploporidae), an intestinal parasite ofCarassius auratus, using next-generation sequencing. The mtDNA ofC.koreanumcontained 13,965 bp, including 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal genes, 22 transport RNA (tRNA) genes and a non-coding region. The ribosomal operon ofC.koreanumwas 10,644 bp in length, including ETS1 (1449 bp), 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene (1988 bp), ITS1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (558 bp), 5.8S rRNA gene (157 bp), ITS2 rDNA (274 bp), 28S rRNA gene (4152 bp) and ETS2 (2066 bp). Phylogenetic analysis based on mtDNA protein-coding regions showed thatC.koreanumwas closely related toParasaccocoelium mugili, a species from the same suborder Haploporata. Bayesian phylogenetic tree topology was the most reliable and confirmed the validity of the Haploporata. The results of sequence cluster analysis based on codon usage bias demonstrated some agreement with the results of the phylogenetic analysis. In particular,Schistosomaspp. were differentiated from the other members of Digenea and the members of Pronocephalata were localized within the same cluster.Carassotrema koreanumandP.mugilifell within different clusters. The grouping ofC.koreanumandP.mugiliwithin the same cluster was obtained on the basis of frequencies of 13 specified codons, of which three codon pairs were degenerate. A similarity was found between two haploporid species and twoDicrocoeliumspp. in the presence of TTG start codon of the mitochondrialnad5 gene. Our results confirmed the taxonomical status of the Haploporata identified in the previous studies and revealed some characteristic features of the codon usage in its representatives.
Integrative taxonomy confirms the presence of the enigmaticLysmata olavoiFransen, 1991 (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Tanduo Valentina , Virgili Riccardo , Crocetta Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe genusLysmataRisso, 1816 includes five species in the Mediterranean Sea, namely two well-known species with an Atlantic–Mediterranean distribution,L. seticaudata(Risso, 1816) andL. nilitaDohrn & Holthuis, 1950, and three additional species only known from single records. These areL. kempiChace, 1997 andL. vittata(Stimpson, 1860), alien species native to the Indo-Pacific region, andL. olavoiFransen, 1991, a poorly known species originally described from the Azores (Atlantic Ocean) and only reported three decades ago from the eastern parts of the basin. Based on an integrative taxonomic approach, we report the first finding of an ovigerous female ofL. olavoifrom Italy (Gulf of Naples, Tyrrhenian Sea) and the entire western Mediterranean, thus confirming the presence of this species in the basin and filling a wide gap in its published distribution. It is possible that this taxon was present in the Mediterranean for centuries but went overlooked or undetected due to cryptic habits, occupancy of still unexplored habitats, or misidentification with the highly similarL. seticaudata. Results of phylogenetic analyses confirm the exclusion ofL. olavoiby the major lysmatid groups and underline the necessity of multilocus approaches to disentangle its correct phylogenetic position. As the species is still surrounded by a number of unsolved ecological and phylogenetic questions, further field and laboratory work is required to shed light on them.
What makes conservationists persevere? Resilience strategies at work
Authors: Loffeld Thirza A.C. , Black Simon A. , Carter Marianne , Sterling Eleanor , Humle Tatyana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation professionals face cognitively and emotionally demanding tasks and a wide range of working conditions, including high levels of uncertainty (e.g. the socio-political contexts in which they must function, possible long hours and isolation from friends and family). Resilience (i.e. positive adaptation to professional challenges) can help individuals thrive in their roles. We interviewed 22 conservationists with professional experience working in low-income countries with high biodiversity and explored what helped and what hindered them in their work. We used thematic analysis to identify factors related to positive and negative psychological states and strategies to promote resilience at work. The results revealed factors that were associated with positive psychological states, including achievements and recognition for work. Organizational policies and administration, especially perceived unfairness regarding salaries, recruitment policies and promotion, were associated with negative psychological states, as were other factors related to the job context. Respondents shared their professional resilience strategies such as aligning work with one's values, and personal reflection and goal setting. We recommend that organizations support their employees in the process of building resilience by addressing basic needs and motivational factors.
Enabling personalization of a robotic surgery procedure via a surgery training simulator
Authors: Dede Mehmet İsmet Can , Büyüköztekin Tarık , Hanalioğlu Şahin , Işıkay İlkay , Berker Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough robotic or robot-assisted surgery has been increasingly used by many surgical disciplines, its application in cranial or skull base surgery is still in its infancy. Master-slave teleoperation setting of these robotic systems enables these surgical procedures to be replicated in a virtual reality environment for surgeon training purposes. A variety of teleoperation modes were previously determined with respect to the motion capability of the surgeon’s hand that wears the ring as the surgeon handles a surgical tool inside the surgical workspace. In this surgery training simulator developed for a robot-assisted endoscopic skull base surgery, a new strategy is developed to identify the preferred motion axes of the surgeon. This simulator is designed specifically for tuning the teleoperation system for each surgeon via the identification. This tuning capability brings flexibility to adjust the system operation with respect to the motion characteristics of the surgeon.
Enabling multi-modal search for inspirational design stimuli using deep learning
Authors: Kwon Elisa , Huang Forrest , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInspirational stimuli are known to be effective in supporting ideation during early-stage design. However, prior work has predominantly constrained designers to using text-only queries when searching for stimuli, which is not consistent with real-world design behavior where fluidity across modalities (e.g., visual, semantic, etc.) is standard practice. In the current work, we introduce a multi-modal search platform that retrieves inspirational stimuli in the form of 3D-model parts using text, appearance, and function-based search inputs. Computational methods leveraging a deep-learning approach are presented for designing and supporting this platform, which relies on deep-neural networks trained on a large dataset of 3D-model parts. This work further presents the results of a cognitive study (n= 21) where the aforementioned search platform was used to find parts to inspire solutions to a design challenge. Participants engaged with three different search modalities: by keywords, 3D parts, and user-assembled 3D parts in their workspace. When searching by parts that are selected or in their workspace, participants had additional control over the similarity of appearance and function of results relative to the input. The results of this study demonstrate that the modality used impacts search behavior, such as in search frequency, how retrieved search results are engaged with, and how broadly the search space is covered. Specific results link interactions with the interface to search strategies participants may have used during the task. Findings suggest that when searching for inspirational stimuli, desired results can be achieved both by direct search inputs (e.g., by keyword) as well as by more randomly discovered examples, where a specific goal was not defined. Both search processes are found to be important to enable when designing search platforms for inspirational stimuli retrieval.
HPV vaccination and factors influencing vaccine uptake among people of Indian ancestry living in the United States
Authors: Ratnasamy Philip , Chagpar Anees B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Approximately one-quarter of annual global cervical cancer deaths occur in India, possibly due to cultural norms promoting vaccine hesitancy. We sought to determine whether people of Indian ancestry (POIA) in the USA exhibit disproportionately lower human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination rates than the rest of the US population. We utilised the 2018 National Health Interview Survey to compare HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates between POIA and the general US population and determined factors correlating with HPV vaccine uptake among POIA. Compared to other racial groups, POIA had a significantly lower rate of HPV vaccination (8.18% vs. 12.16%, 14.70%, 16.07% and 12.41%, in White, Black, Other Asian and those of other/mixed ancestry, respectively, P = 0.003), but no statistically significant difference in vaccine series completion among those who received at least one injection (3.17% vs. 4.27%, 3.51%, 4.31% and 5.04%, P = 0.465). Among POIA, younger individuals (vs. older), single individuals (vs. married), those with high English proficiency (vs. low English proficiency), those with health insurance and those born in the USA (vs. those born outside the USA) were more likely to obtain HPV vaccination (P = 0.018, P = 0.006, P = 0.029, P = 0.020 and P = 0.019, respectively). Public health measures promoting HPV vaccination among POIA immigrants may substantially improve vaccination rates among this population.
Understanding public procurement within the health sector: a priority in a post-COVID-19 world
Authors: García-Altés Anna , McKee Martin , Siciliani Luigi , Barros Pedro Pita , Lehtonen Lasse , Rogers Heather , Kringos Dionne , Zaletel Jelka , De Maeseneer Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvery year, over 250,000 public authorities in the European Union (EU) spend about 14% of GDP on the purchase of services, works and supplies. Many are in the health sector, a sector in which public authorities are the main buyers in many countries. When these purchases exceed threshold values, EU public procurement rules apply. Public procurement is increasingly being promoted as a tool for improving efficiency and contributing to better health outcomes, and as a policy lever for achieving other government goals, such as innovation, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, sustainable green growth and social objectives like public health and greater inclusiveness. In this paper, we describe the challenges that arise within health care systems with public procurement and identify potential solutions to them. We examined the tendering of pharmaceuticals, health technology, and e-health. In each case we identify a series of challenges relating to the complexity of the procurement process, imbalances in power on either side of transactions and the role of procurement in promoting broader public policy objectives. Finally, we recommend several actions that could stimulate better procurement, and suggest a few areas where further EU cooperation can be pursued.
How will international humanitarian law develop in the future?
Authors: Sassòli Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article tries to imagine how the development of international humanitarian law (IHL) could continue despite current difficulties, increasing the ownership and contribution of States and armed groups in this process. After suggesting that some traditional assumptions about IHL may need to be abandoned, it tries to suggest a new way in which IHL rules could be developed, through States adopting together core obligations and principles and each State and armed group then specifying the details internally, but publicly. Finally, it stresses the importance and difficulties of involving non-State armed groups in this process.
Less is more: dimensionality reduction as a general strategy for more precise luminescence thermometry
Authors: Ximendes Erving , Marin Riccardo , Carlos Luis Dias , Jaque Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermal resolution (also referred to as temperature uncertainty) establishes the minimum discernible temperature change sensed by luminescent thermometers and is a key figure of merit to rank them. Much has been done to minimize its value via probe optimization and correction of readout artifacts, but little effort was put into a better exploitation of calibration datasets. In this context, this work aims at providing a new perspective on the definition of luminescence-based thermometric parameters using dimensionality reduction techniques that emerged in the last years. The application of linear (Principal Component Analysis) and non-linear (t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) transformations to the calibration datasets obtained from rare-earth nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals resulted in an improvement in thermal resolution compared to the more classical intensity-based and ratiometric approaches. This, in turn, enabled precise monitoring of temperature changes smaller than 0.1 °C. The methods here presented allow choosing superior thermometric parameters compared to the more classical ones, pushing the performance of luminescent thermometers close to the experimentally achievable limits.
UV photonic integrated circuits for far-field structured illumination autofluorescence microscopy
Authors: Lin Chupao , Peñaranda Juan Santo Domingo , Dendooven Jolien , Detavernier Christophe , Schaubroeck David , Boon Nico , Baets Roel , Le Thomas Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltra-violet (UV) light has still a limited scope in optical microscopy despite its potential advantages over visible light in terms of optical resolution and of interaction with a wide variety of biological molecules. The main challenge is to control in a robust, compact and cost-effective way UV light beams at the level of a single optical spatial mode and concomitantly to minimize the light propagation loss. To tackle this challenge, we present here photonic integrated circuits made of aluminum oxide thin layers that are compatible with both UV light and high-volume manufacturing. These photonic circuits designed at a wavelength of 360 nm enable super-resolved structured illumination microscopy with conventional wide-field microscopes and without modifying the usual protocol for handling the object to be imaged. As a biological application, we show that our UV photonic chips enable to image the autofluorescence of yeast cells and reveal features unresolved with standard wide-field microscopy.