bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-Trimester Evaluation of Cleft Lip and Palate by A Novel
Two-Dimensional Sonographic Technique: A Prospective Study
Authors: Li Xiuling , Xiu Guanghui , Yan Fang , Hou Qingsha , Chen Chun , Dong Xudong , Liu Huanling 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate the value of the mandible transection head-side shifting method (MTHSM) by 2-dimensional sonography in the screening of fetal cleft lip and palate (CLP) during the nuchal translucency scans.

Methods:
A total of 7,336 fetuses enrolled for first-trimester aneuploidy screening were included in this prospective study. A sequential scanning approach from the mandible transection toward the head was used for the assessment of the palate in the midsagittal, axial, and coronal sections. To observe the continuity of the palatal line, upper alveolar ridge, and primary palate. All fetuses were followed by second-trimester scans and postnatal evaluation.

Results:
A total of 18 cases of CLP were identified in the first trimester based on this method. Out of 18, 9 (50.0%) were unilateral CLP, 4 (22.2%) were bilateral CLP, 5 (27.8%) were median CLP. There were no false-positive results found. Three were missed, but confirmed in the second-trimester anomaly scan, including 2 cases of isolated cleft palate (CP), and one of isolated cleft lip (CL). First-trimester diagnosis of CLP using MTHSM had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 99.9%.

Conclusions:
The mandible transection head-side shifting method is feasible in assessing CLP at the time of routine first-trimester sonographic screening.
Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Literature Review and Content Analysis of Frameworks
Authors: Crossnohere Norah L , Elsaid Mohamed , Paskett Jonathan , Bose-Brill Seuli , Bridges John F P 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in medicine despite a lack of consensus on its application and evaluation.ObjectiveWe sought to identify current frameworks guiding the application and evaluation of AI for predictive analytics in medicine and to describe the content of these frameworks. We also assessed what stages along the AI translational spectrum (ie, AI development, reporting, evaluation, implementation, and surveillance) the content of each framework has been discussed.MethodsWe performed a literature review of frameworks regarding the oversight of AI in medicine. The search included key topics such as “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “guidance as topic,” and “translational science,” and spanned the time period 2014-2022. Documents were included if they provided generalizable guidance regarding the use or evaluation of AI in medicine. Included frameworks are summarized descriptively and were subjected to content analysis. A novel evaluation matrix was developed and applied to appraise the frameworks’ coverage of content areas across translational stages.ResultsFourteen frameworks are featured in the review, including six frameworks that provide descriptive guidance and eight that provide reporting checklists for medical applications of AI. Content analysis revealed five considerations related to the oversight of AI in medicine across frameworks: transparency, reproducibility, ethics, effectiveness, and engagement. All frameworks include discussions regarding transparency, reproducibility, ethics, and effectiveness, while only half of the frameworks discuss engagement. The evaluation matrix revealed that frameworks were most likely to report AI considerations for the translational stage of development and were least likely to report considerations for the translational stage of surveillance.ConclusionsExisting frameworks for the application and evaluation of AI in medicine notably offer less input on the role of engagement in oversight and regarding the translational stage of surveillance. Identifying and optimizing strategies for engagement are essential to ensure that AI can meaningfully benefit patients and other end users.
Comparison of flash-free and conventional bonding systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang He , Feng Ge , Hu Bo , Tian Haonan , Kuang Yunchun , Zhang Tingwei , Song Jinlin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To review the literature systematically to compare the performance of adhesive precoated flash-free bonding systems with conventional adhesive precoated (APC) and operator-coated (OPC) bonding systems.

Materials and Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for potential eligible studies. Study selection and data collection were conducted independently. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. The Cochran Q test was used to test heterogeneity in the included studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials.

Results
Six studies were included and the overall risk-of-bias judgment was low risk of bias to some concerns. The results of the meta-analyses showed that flash-free required significantly less bonding time than APC (mean difference [MD]: −1.56; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: −2.56 to −0.56), and no significant differences were found in bond failure rates (risk ratio [RR]: 1.54; 95% Cis: 0.27 to 8.89) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) (MD: −0.50; 95% CIs: −1.14 to 0.14) between them. Qualitative analysis showed that flash-free might have a positive effect on enamel demineralization compared to APC but the quantity of plaque did not differ between them.

Conclusions
The flash-free bonding system significantly reduced bonding time and it had comparable bond failure rates with APC. So far, there is not enough evidence to support its positive effect on reducing enamel demineralization and the pathogenic bacteria around brackets. In summary, flash-free might be a better choice for clinical bracket bonding.
Remnant Cholesterol and Its Visit-to-Visit Variability Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the ACCORD Cohort
Authors: Fu Liyao , Tai Shi , Sun Jiaxing , Zhang Ningjie , Zhou Ying , Xing Zhenhua , Wang Yongjun , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, regardless of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study assessed the associations between remnant-C and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This post hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial used patient (type 2 diabetes &gt;3 months) remnant-C and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) data from the study database. The associations between remnant-C and MACEs were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. We examined the relative MACE risk in remnant-C versus LDL-C discordant/concordant groups using clinically relevant LDL-C targets by discordance analyses.

RESULTS
The baseline analysis included 10,196 participants, with further visit-to-visit variability analysis including 9,650 participants. During follow-up (median, 8.8 years), 1,815 patients (17.8%) developed MACEs. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, each 1-SD increase in remnant-C was associated with a 7% higher MACE risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12, P = 0.004). In the fully adjusted model, the visit-to-visit remnant-C variability calculated using logSD (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18–1.69, P &lt; 0.001) and logARV (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.73, P &lt; 0.001) was associated with MACEs. Residual lipid risk (remnant-C ≥31 mg/dL) recognized individuals at a higher MACE risk, regardless of LDL-C concentrations. Within each LDL-C subgroup (&gt;100 or ≤100 mg/dL), high baseline remnant-C was associated with a higher MACE risk (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.09–1.73, P = 0.007; HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.41, P = 0.015, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Remnant-C levels were associated with MACEs in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of LDL-C, and visit-to-visit remnant-C variability helped identify those with higher cardiovascular risk.
KOMUNITAS SOKOLA PESISIR DI KOTA MAKASSAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Awaru A.	Octamaya Tenri , Torro Supriadi 
Published: July 2022

Penyebaran virus covid 19 membuat kativitas masyarakat harus dibatasi, termasuk sektor pendidikan. Komunitas Sokola Pesisir adalah komunitas lembaga pendidikan alternatif yang menaungi anak-anak kurang mampu di daerah pesisir kota Makassar yang juga terkena dampak pendemi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk aktivitas komunitas sokola pesisir yang berubah di masa pandemi Covid 19 dan kendala yang dihadapi komunitas sokola pesisir di masa pandemi Covid 19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Informan penelitian ini adalah relawan yang telah bergabung di komunitas minimal 2 tahun, dan kader komunitas Sokola Pesisir. Jumlah informan sebanyak 8 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan observasi dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan melalui 3 tahap yaitu reduksi data, paparan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengabsahan data penelitian melalui triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menemukan: 1) Bentuk kegiatan Sokola Pesisir yang mengalami perubahan selama masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah durasi waktu mengajar yang lebih singkat, aktivitas pembeljaran fokus disiang hari saja yang sebelumnya juga dilakukan dimalam hari, pelaksanaan guru kunjung. 2) Kendala yang dihadapi komunitas Sokola Pesisir di masa pandemi adalah jumlah siswa yang datang ke tempat komunitas Sokola Pesisir berkurang, pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara daring tidak bisa dilakukan karena terbatasnya kemampuan siswa, orangtua kurang mendukung kegiatan guru kunjung.
REVISITING MATHEMATICAL RESILIENCE AND ANXIETY AMONG SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS
Authors: Casinillo Leomarich F , Casinillo Emily L , Lagumbay Christy T , Abad Hannah Rissah F , Dagongdong Myra L 
Published: July 2022

Resilience is vital in recovering from mathematical anxiety since it gives motivation in pursuing despite obstacles and challenges. This study aimed to measure the mathematical resilience and anxiety of grade 11 students at Visayas State University-Main campus as well as to elucidate its relationship. Secondary data was used in this study from a current paper by Casinillo et al. (2020). Mean average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and Spearman rho correlation was employed to summarize and extract inference from the data. On average, the perception scores of students' levels of resilience and anxiety are 82.2 and 29.5, respectively. Results suggested that students are resilient and moderately anxious in learning mathematics. This implies that students are motivated even if they are facing some challenging problems in mathematics. On the other hand, students are somehow uneasy or experiencing a little worry in doing mathematical problems. Findings depicted that there is no significant relationship (p-value=0.4725) between the students' level of resilience and anxiety. This means to say that resiliency of students does not lessen the level of anxiety in learning mathematics. In that case, teachers must not only be focusing on the resiliency of their students but also on creativity, self-determination, and motivation, among others. Furthermore, to eliminate the anxiousness of students in facing mathematical problems, teachers must encourage and cultivate their interest in learning mathematics.
Derecho y cine todo lo que siempre quiso saber sobre el derecho y nunca se atrevió a preguntar
Authors: Rivaya Benjamín 
Published: July 2022

Introducción a los estudios de Derecho y Cine, tradicionales en el ámbito anglosajón, pero asi desconocidos en España, que versan sobre las relaciones entre el fenómeno jurídico y el fenómeno cinematográfico. Así, se plantea la posible existencia del género del cine jurídico, así como las relaciones entre la temática jurídica y los diversos géneros cinematográficos, especialmente en el caso del cine negro, del western y del cine político, géneros en los que el dato jurídico está casi necesariamente presente. En el supuesto de que no se reconozca la existencia del cine jurídico, al menos ha de admitirse que muchos argumentos jurídicos han sido típicamente cinematográficos, con lo que no es extraño encontrar en el cine normas, instituciones y desarrollos propios del Derecho Procesal, Penal, Penitenciario, Laboral, Constitucional, Internacional, así como del Derecho Privado, destacando en este caso los asuntos propios del Derecho de familia, y de la filosofía del Derecho. Pero las relaciones entre el Derecho y el cine incluyen también el estudio de las diversas teorías del cine y las repercusiones que éstas tienen en el ámbito jurídico, político y moral. Por último, se apunta la cuestión de la utilidad de los estudios de Derecho y Cine, sobre todo para la didáctica jurídica, que se vería beneficiada por su incorporación al estudio del Derecho.
Synthesis, Characterization, Anticancer and In Silico ADME Properties of Caproic Acid Derivatives against P388 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Widiyarti Galuh , Sundowo Andini , Megawati Megawati , Ernawati Teni 
Published: July 2022

The in-silico properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drugs likeness of caproic acid ester derivativeswere evaluated. The esterification of caproic acid from palm kernel oil with sitronelol and geraniol from citronella oil has been carried out using base (NaOH) catalyst. The cytotoxicity of ester compounds were also tested against P388 murine leukemia cancer cell lines using MTT method. Analysis of the ester productswere carried outusing spectroscopic (IR, MS and 1H-NMR) methods, which were confirmed that the desired compounds were successfully synthesized. Caproic acid ester derivatives showed higher anticancer activity compared to the parent caproic acid for P388 cancer cell lines. Citronellyl caproate with IC50 4.15x10-2µM has the strongeractivity than geranyl caproate with IC50 11x10-2 µM. ADME studies for the synthesized compounds revealed that the ester compounds have fulfill the Lipinski rule of five and has no carcinogenicity effect to rat or mouse.Key words: caproic acid, ester, P388, MTT, ADME
Effects of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution on cardiovascular parameters and endogenous arginine vasopressin secretion in euvolemic isoflurane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Schnuelle Megan L. , Hopster Klaus , Toribio Ramiro E. , Hurcombe Samuel D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of 7.2% hypertonic and 0.9% isotonic saline (sodium chloride) solutions on cardiovascular parameters and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

ANIMALS
8 healthy horses.

PROCEDURES
In a prospective, randomized, crossover study, horses were anesthetized with isoflurane twice with a 14-day washout period between anesthetic episodes. While anesthetized, horses received a bolus (4 mL/kg) of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution (HS) or 0.9% isotonic saline solution (IS). Heart rate; systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures; and central venous and pulmonary artery pressures were measured every 5 minutes; cardiac output was measured by means of thermodilution every 15 minutes. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was calculated. Blood samples were collected before and during anesthesia, and plasma AVP concentrations were determined with a validated ELISA. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations.

RESULTS
HS caused an increase in systolic (P = .003) and mean (P = .023) arterial blood pressures that lasted for 30 minutes. The SVR was increased (P < .001) for 45 minutes with HS compared with the SVR after IS administration. Mean plasma AVP concentration increased (P = .03) 15 minutes after HS administration, with the increase lasting 90 minutes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
A bolus of HS resulted in a clinically relevant increase in blood pressure in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized horses. This effect was attributed to volume recruitment and an increase in SVR. Administration of HS offers an option for improving arterial blood pressure in anesthetized horses.
In vitro evaluation of surface characteristics comparing WaterLase (Biolase®) with tungsten carbide burs for composite removal: a pilot study
Authors: Alkandari Mohammed , Abela Stefan , Booth Alessandra , Bister Dirk 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analyse potential adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after composite removal using either an Er:YSGG WaterLase (WL) (Biolase®, Irvine, CA, USA) or a tungsten carbide (TC) bur (Alston, England, UK).

Methods
An in vitro study was designed using 21 extracted lower premolars. Pre-coated stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on all of the teeth except one, which served as a control. The teeth were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5), removal of composite with a TC bur. Group 2 (n = 15), removal of composite using the WL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the surface roughness and atomic composition of the surfaces.

Results
Group 1 had a median damage depth of 17.6 µm with a range between 11.5 µ m and 28.7 µ m. Group 2 had a median damage depth of 166.3 µ m, with a range between 86.6 to 263.1 µ m. The depth differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). The atomic composition of the WL group was similar to sound enamel. The TC group showed a quantitative increase in carbon and silicone by 38.2% and 11.5%, respectively, a decrease in oxygen by 44.1% and an absence of phosphorous and calcium.

Conclusion
WL is efficient at removing composite from the enamel surface but could result in increased enamel surface roughness in comparison with conventional TC burs.
Evaluation of exaggerated claims in the abstracts of systematic reviews reporting accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a meta research analysis
Authors: Shyagali Tarulatha R. , Rathore Ayesha , Kapoor Shanya , Gupta Abhishek , Tiwari Anil , Patidar Rahul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The latest trend in scientific literature review is to scrutinise the practices of false or biased reporting of findings, which is rightly termed as ‘spin’. In recent years, accelerated tooth movement has gained attention from the orthodontic community, but the findings still remain unclear and controversial.

Objectives
To estimate the frequency of distorted claims and over-interpretation of abstracts of systematic reviews related to accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. The objective was to differentiate the type of claim and to determine its prevalence.

Methods
A literature search was performed using the Cochrane library and the top five most prominent orthodontic journals for systematic reviews on accelerated orthodontics were identified by applying appropriate key words. According to pre-set selection criteria, only systematic reviews published between January 2010 and September 2021 were included. The selected articles were scrutinised for the assigned exclusion criteria. The articles were finally scanned for false claims by two independent reviewers. The identified claims fell into either the categories of misleading interpretation, misleading reporting or misleading extrapolation. The obtained data were tabulated and analysed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test to indicate the difference between the different types of reported claims.

Results
There were 98 systematic reviews identified in total, of which 59 articles met the selection criteria and 39 articles were excluded. Of the 59 included articles, 38 systematic reviews had exaggerated claims. Twenty-two of the reported claims came under the misleading reporting category, 10 fell under the misleading interpretation category and 6 came under the misleading extrapolation category. The difference noted between the reporting prevalence of different types of claim was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In misleading reporting, it was noted that most of the systematic reviews refrained from reporting the adverse effects of treatment.

Conclusion
The prevalence of exaggerated claims is high in the abstracts of systematic reviews related to accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. It is recommended that a clinician critically assess the claims presented in systematic reviews which are considered to be the hallmark articles of evidence-based practice. Orthodontists should be careful when applying the findings in clinical practice.
Do navigation maps need a legend? Empirical assessment of the intuitiveness of point symbols on mobile maps
Authors: Piątek Robert , Gołębiowska Izabela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Navigation applications and the mobile maps that are integral to them are now widely used all over the world. The most popular applications of this type, such as Google Maps, has more than a billion users a month. To save time, users of navigation applications generally use the maps without referring to their legends, which are not shown in the default settings. In such circumstances, only intuitive symbols are read correctly. Mobile maps often have an extensive system of point symbols (POIs – points of interests), and navigation applications sometimes differ significantly in the symbols they use. Point symbols have been the subject of theoretical considerations and empirical studies of users, but there is a lack of comparative research indicating more and less effective solutions for designing intuitive symbols on mobile maps. This article presents the results of empirical research on the intuitiveness of POI symbols used in selected navigation applications. The study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire with 127 respondents. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the analysed symbols used in navigation applications would differ in level of intuitiveness. In addition, features of design solutions that increase or decrease the intuitiveness of point symbols were identified.
Trends in treatment of childhood cancer and subsequent primary neoplasm risk
Authors: Cesen Mazic Maja , Reulen Raoul C. , Jazbec Janez , Zadravec Zaletel Lorna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to investigate long-term risk and spectrum of subsequent neoplasm (SN) in childhood cancer survivors and to identify how trends in therapy influenced cumulative incidence of SN.

Patients and methods
The population-based cohort comprises 3271 childhood cancer patients diagnosed in Slovenia aged ≤ 18 years between 1st January 1961 and 31st December 2013 with a follow-up through 31st December 2018. Main outcome measures are standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks (AERs), and cumulative incidence of SN.

Results
After median follow-up time of 21.5 years for 5-year survivors, 230 patients experienced 273 SN, including 183 subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN), 34 meningiomas and 56 nonmelanoma skin cancers. 10.5% patients received radiotherapy only, 31% chemotherapy only, 26.9% a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 16.1% surgery only. The overall SIR was almost 3 times more than expected (SIR 2.9), with survivors still at 2-fold increased risk after attained age 50 years. The observed cumulative incidence of SMN at 30-year after diagnosis was significantly lower for those diagnosed in 1960s, compared with the 1970s and the 1980s (P heterogeneity < 0.001). Despite reduced use of radiotherapy over time, the difference in cumulative incidence for the first 15 years after diagnosis was not significant for patients treated before or after 1995 (p = 0.11).

Conclusions
Risks of developing a SMN in this study are similar to other European population-based cohorts. The intensity of treatment peaked later and use of radiotherapy declined slower compared to high income countries, making continuous surveillance even more important in the future.