bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro–Chemo–Mechanical Failure of Solid Electrolytes Induced by Growth of Internal Lithium Filaments
Authors: Xu Xieyu , Liu Yangyang , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Song Zhongxiao , Sun Jun , Xiong Shizhao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrowth of lithium (Li) filaments within solid electrolytes, leading to mechanical degradation of the electrolyte and even short circuit of the cell under high current density, is a great barrier to commercialization of solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. Understanding of this electro–chemo–mechanical phenomenon is hindered by the challenge of tracking local fields inside the solid electrolyte. Here, a multiphysics simulation aiming to investigate evolution of the mechanical failure of the solid electrolyte induced by the internal growth of Li is reported. Visualization of local stress, damage, and crack propagation within the solid electrolyte enables examination of factors dominating the degradation process, including the geometry, number, and size of Li filaments and voids in the electrolyte. Relative damage induced by locally high stress is found to preferentially occur in the region of the electrolyte/Li interface having great fluctuations. A high number density of Li filaments or voids triggers integration of damage and crack networks by enhanced propagation. This model is built on coupling of mechanical and electrochemical processes for internal plating of Li, revealing evolution of multiphysical fields that can barely be captured by the state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques. Understanding mechanical degradation of solid electrolytes with the presence of Li filaments paves the way to design advanced solid electrolytes for future solid‐state Li‐metal batteries.
Reversing Molecular Dilution Effect by Varying the Bottom Electrode
Authors: Kong Gyu Don , Song Hyunsun , Kang Hungu , Jin Junji , Ayachi Sahar , Yoon Hyo Jae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes charge tunneling across mixed self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and investigates the effect of bottom electrode on molecular dilution and tunneling function in large‐area molecular junctions. Binary mixed SAMs are formed with organic molecular diode (2,2′‐bipyridyl‐terminated n‐undecanethiol (SC11BIPY)) and nonrectifying n‐alkanethiolate diluent (SCn; n = 8, 10, 16, 18) via coadsorption on different electrodes, namely Au and Ag. By taking advantage of self‐referencing feature of rectification, the tunneling–molecular dilution relationship is reliably examined. Notably, rectification ratio of mixed SAMs on the Ag electrode decreases with increasing the diluent's length, whereas that of analogous SAMs on the Au electrode oppositely increases. Simulation of rectification using a parallel circuit model and surface analysis with contact angle goniometry evidence that such an opposite trend is dominated by the supramolecular structural order, which arises from the difference in interthiolate distance between Au and Ag. This work demonstrates that the molecular dilution effect on tunneling can be reversed by varying the bottom electrode.
Significant Output Power Enhancement in Symmetric Dual‐Mode Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Coupled Resonators
Authors: Yu Zhonghui , Qiu Hao , Chu Zhaoqiang , Sun Zechen , Pourhosseini Asl Mohammad Javad , Li Faxin , Dong Shuxiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe microenergy harvesting based on magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) coupling is an emerging technology for powering wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices because it is capable of simultaneously harvesting magnetic field energy and mechanical energy. However, further improvement in output power of conventional cantilever‐structured MME energy harvesters has met with considerable difficulties due to the inherent, high mechanical energy loss in single‐mode operation. To solve the predicament, here, this work presents a symmetric, mechanical coupled dual‐mode MME energy harvester for restricting clamp loss and then enhancing MME coupling and output power. Under a weak AC magnetic field (Hac = 4 Oe) at 60 Hz, the MME energy harvester operating in symmetric dual‐mode can generate a peak‐peak output power of 72 mWpp (root‐mean‐square value: 9 mWRMS), a 437% enhancement over a conventional single‐mode MME energy harvester, which can even drive 160 light emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting directly. A realistic application furtherly shows that the symmetric dual‐mode MME energy harvester can successfully scavenge the magnetic field energy around a household appliance, and the generated electric power can directly drive a wireless IoT system in real time. The proposed concept of symmetric dual‐mode in this work can open new avenues for future vibration‐based energy harvesters design.
Emergency medicine trainees' perceived barriers to training and credentialing in point‐of‐care ultrasound: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Elsayed Tarek , Snelling Peter J. , Stirling Erin J. , Watkins Stuart 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is an important tool in emergency medicine (EM), with the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) recommending core modalities as part of fellowship training. In Australia, acquisition of these skills is certified via credentialing but is currently poorly undertaken by EM trainees.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional survey of EM trainees across two academic teaching hospitals in Gold Coast, Queensland, between December 2018 and January 2019, to determine the current state of training and perceived barriers to credentialing in POCUS.ResultsFifty‐two (59%) eligible EM trainees participated. Although credentialing rates (15%) were low amongst respondents, the majority agreed that it was necessary (69%) and should form part of ACEM training (88%). Amongst these trainees, we identified the desire for increased POCUS training and several barriers including time constraints and the credentialing process itself.ConclusionAlthough there is general agreement amongst EM trainees for POCUS credentialing, barriers such as time limitations and technical difficulties were prohibitive for many. We propose the development of an internal structured POCUS training programme within mandatory training time to address these issues.
Complement dysregulation and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
Authors: Veteleanu Aurora , Pape Sarah , Davies Kate , Kodosaki Eleftheria , Hye Abdul , Zelek Wioleta M. , Strydom Andre , Morgan B. Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDown syndrome (DS) is associated with immune dysregulation and a high risk of early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Complement is a key part of innate immunity and driver of pathological inflammation, including neuroinflammation in AD. Complement dysregulation has been reported in DS; however, the pattern of dysregulation and its relationship to AD risk is unclear.MethodsPlasma levels of 14 complement biomarkers were measured in 71 adults with DS and 46 controls to identify DS‐associated dysregulation; impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CLU and CR1, and dementia on complement biomarkers was assessed.ResultsPlasma levels of complement activation products (TCC, iC3b), proteins (C1q, C3, C9), and regulators (C1 inhibitor, factor H, FHR4, clusterin) were significantly elevated in DS versus controls while FI and sCR1 were significantly lower. In DS with AD (n = 13), C3 and FI were significantly decreased compared to non‐AD DS (n = 58). Neither APOE genotype nor CLU SNPs impacted complement levels, while rs6656401 in CR1 significantly impacted plasma sCR1 levels.ConclusionsComplement is dysregulated in DS, likely reflecting the generalized immune dysregulation state; measurement may help identify inflammatory events in individuals with DS. Complement biomarkers differed in DS with and without AD and may aid diagnosis and/or prediction.Highlights
Complement is significantly dysregulated in plasma of people with DS who show changes in levels of multiple complement proteins compared to controls.
People with DS and dementia show evidence of additional complement dysregulation with significantly lower levels of C3 and factor I compared to those without dementia.
rs6656401 in CR1 was associated with significantly elevated sCR1 plasma levels in DS.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides having a Domain Structure**
Authors: Sun Lifeng , Chopra Pradeep , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) has a domain structure in which regions that are modified by epimerization and sulfonation (NS domains) are interspersed by unmodified fragments (NA domains). There is data to support that domain organization of HS can regulate binding of proteins, however, such model has been difficult to probe. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic methodology that can provide HS oligosaccharides composed of two or more NS domains separated by NA domains of different length. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a HS oligosaccharide that enzymatically was extended by various GlcA‐GlcNAc units and terminated in GlcNAc having an azido moiety at C‐6 position. HS oligosaccharides having an azide and alkyne moiety could be assembled by copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition to give compounds having various NS domains separated by unsulfonated regions. Competition binding studies showed that the length of an NA domain modulates the binding of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8.
2,2′‐Biphenol‐based Ultrathin Microporous Nanofilms for Highly Efficient Molecular Sieving Separation
Authors: Li Shao‐Lu , Chang Guoliang , Huang Yangzheng , Kinooka Ken , Chen Yanting , Fu Wenming , Gong Genghao , Yoshioka Tomohisa , McKeown Neil B. , Hu Yunxia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is an emerging membrane separation technology, which urgently requires robust, easily processed, OSN membranes possessing high permeance and small solutes‐selectivity to facilitate enhanced industrial uptake. Herein, we describe the use of two 2,2′‐biphenol (BIPOL) derivatives to fabricate hyper‐crosslinked, microporous polymer nanofilms through IP. Ultra‐thin, defect‐free polyesteramide/polyester nanofilms (≈5 nm) could be obtained readily due to the relatively large molecular size and ionized nature of the BIPOL monomers retarding the rate of the IP. The enhanced microporosity arises from the hyper‐crosslinked network structure and monomer rigidity. Specifically, the amino‐BIPOL/PAN membrane exhibits extraordinary permselectivity performances with molecular weight cut‐off as low as 233 Da and MeOH permeance of ≈13 LMH/bar. Precise separation of small dye mixtures with similar M.W. based on both their charge and molecular size are achieved.
A new method for determining protein solubility index (PSI) based on extraction with 5 mM alkali hydroxide and its correlation with trypsin inhibitor activity in soybean products
Authors: Liu Keshun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProtein quality affects the nutritional values and functional properties of protein products. For better utilization, it is important to assess protein quality accurately and cost‐effectively. For decades, several indirect indices have been relied on, including nitrogen solubility index, protein dispersibility index, urease activity, and protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide. However, each existing index has limitations or practical difficulties for measurement, while different procedures and terminologies often cause confusion. For rectifying this situation, a new protein quality index, the protein solubility index (PSI), was developed. This required investigation of many factors, including alkali hydroxide type and concentration, solid to solvent ratio, extraction time, magnetic stirring speed, magnetic stirrer type, and centrifugation force and time. For nitrogen analysis, a combustion method was used, where effects of using extracts or residues, sample moisture, sample mass, and the sequence of drying and weighing residues were also investigated. The new PSI method employs 5 mM alkali hydroxide extraction, magnetic stirring, nitrogen analysis of dried residues and small sample size. It allows simultaneous running of multiple samples. Furthermore, the correlations between trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and PSI were either strong or very strong (r = 0.747**–0.974**), depending on sample sets. The 5 mM extraction procedure produced a stronger correlation between protein extractability and TIA than the extraction procedure for the TIA assay (10 mM NaOH, 3 h). PSI has a potential to replace most, if not all, of the indirect indices for protein quality of various products, providing a unified index for relevant industries.
3D‐printing carbon nanotubes/Ti3C2Tx/chitosan composites with different arrangement structures based on ball milling for EMI shielding
Authors: Pei Xiaoyuan , Liu Guangde , Shao Ruiqi , Yu Rongrong , Chen Runxiao , Liu Dong , Wang Wei , Min Chunying , Liu Shengkai , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConductive macroscopic MXene‐based architectures receive tremendous attention for various potential applications. In this paper, the rheology and printing suitability of MXene ink were optimized by ball milling method to ensure good structural integrity and electrical conductivity of the printing structure. Porous CNT/Ti3C2Tx/CS composites were prepared by 3D printing, and the effects of various arrangements on electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI SE) were studied in depth. Since Ti3C2Tx can produce TiO2 under the action of high‐energy ball milling, it provides more heterogeneous interfaces and dipole effects. At the same time, Ti3C2Tx and CNT are evenly dispersed and can construct a complete conductive network, which greatly enhances its conductivity loss. In collaboration with the 3D‐printed framework, it can also extend the propagation path of electromagnetic waves and enhance their multiple reflection losses. The results show that the EMI SE of the composite material can reach 26 dB in X‐band, and EMI SE can be affected by the different arrangement. This work lays a solid foundation for the construction of heterogeneous interfaces by ball milling and the free construction of EMI shielding materials by 3D printing.
Development of new Alzheimer's disease drug candidates using donepezil as a key model
Authors: Eissa Kholoud I. , Kamel Mona M. , Mohamed Lamia W. , Kassab Asmaa E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent geriatric diseases and a significant cause of high mortality. This crippling disorder is becoming more prevalent at an unprecedented rate, which has led to an increase in the financial cost of caring. It is a pathologically complicated, multifactorial disease characterized by β‐amyloid precipitation, β‐amyloid oligomer production, decrease in cholinergic function, and dysregulation of other neurotransmitter systems. Due to the pathogenic complexity of AD, multitarget drugs that can simultaneously alternate multiple biological targets may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Donepezil (DNP) is the most potent approved drug for the treatment of AD. It has a remarkable effect on a number of AD‐related processes, including cholinesterase activity, anti‐Aβ aggregation, oxidative stress, and more. DNP resembles an excellent scaffold to be hybridized with other pharmacophoric moieties having biological activity against AD pathological factors. There have been significant attempts made to modify the structure of DNP to create new bioactive chemical entities with novel structural patterns. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of multiple‐target DNP‐hybridized models for the treatment of AD that can be used in the future in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics. The design and development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD using DNP as a molecular scaffold have also been reviewed and summarized.
Fungal lipases as biocatalysts: A promising platform in several industrial biotechnology applications
Authors: Mahfoudhi Amira , Benmabrouk Sameh , Fendri Ahmed , Sayari Adel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany researchers have found fungi as a reliable source of lipase due to the versatility of their properties, ease of mass production, thermal stability, pH stability, broad substrate specificity, retained activity in organic solvents, and their low‐cost extraction procedure. This review paper presents an overview about the main aspects of fungal lipases screened from several types of strains as well as their use as biocatalysts. Additionally, some biochemical properties will be reported. As commonly known, lipases can be produced from animals, plants, and microorganisms. Compared to other lipases, those obtained from fungi have been found to be more productive, a fact that encouraged the massive production of most fungal lipases due to their considerable commercial importance during the past few years. This paper is concerned about some of the major characteristics that made fungal lipases desirable products in the industrial fields. Due to the enantioselective properties of fungal lipases and their ability to remain active under extreme temperature, pH, and organic solvents, enzymes are capable to synthesize esters as well as to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions that include esterification, transesterification, acidolysis and aminolysis in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Furthermore, lipases are considered to have a commercial importance for biotechnological application fields, which makes them increasingly popular in food, detergent, cosmetic, organic synthesis, and pharmaceutical domains. The biotechnological potential of lipases has made the latter a coveted choice in industries for the present and future as biocatalysts. In addition, a classification of these fungal enzymes is also highlighted in this review. Moreover, the impact of an immobilization strategy of these fungal strains to achieve higher yields and to improve their production is discussed. Finally, fungal enzymes have played a crucial role from ancient times to today in different fields using several types of biological systems, which gives them a great interest for the production of these enzymes in large amounts with low cost and easy viability to enlarge their use in many industries. Likewise, some future perspectives on lipase production will also be discussed by focusing on special cases on lipase engineering.
Protein and amino acid intakes in relation to prostate cancer risk and mortality—A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Schmidt Julie A. , Huybrechts Inge , Overvad Kim , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjønneland Anne , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Pala Valeria , Sacerdote Carlotta , Tumino Rosario , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Sánchez Maria‐Jose , Huerta José M. , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Agudo Antonio , Bjartell Anders , Stocks Tanja , Thysell Elin , Wennberg Maria , Weiderpass Elisabete , Travis Ruth C. , Key Timothy J. , Perez‐Cornago Aurora 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association between protein intake and prostate cancer risk remains unclear.AimsTo prospectively investigate the associations of dietary intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources, and amino acids with prostate cancer risk and mortality.MethodsIn 131,425 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, protein and amino acid intakes were estimated using validated dietary questionnaires. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 14.2 years, 6939 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 914 died of the disease. Dairy protein was positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk in the three highest fifths compared to the lowest (HRQ3=1.14 (95% CI 1.05–1.23); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.10 (1.02–1.19)); similar results were observed for yogurt protein (HRQ3=1.14 (1.05–1.24); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.12 (1.04–1.21)). For egg protein intake and prostate cancer mortality, no association was observed by fifths, but there was suggestive evidence of a positive association in the analysis per standard deviation increment. There was no strong evidence of associations with different tumour subtypes.DiscussionConsidering the weak associations and many tests, the results must be interpreted with caution.ConclusionThis study does not provide strong evidence for an association of intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources or amino acids with prostate cancer risk or mortality. However, our results may suggest some weak positive associations, which need to be confirmed in large‐scale, pooled analyses of prospective data.
Investigate the stemness of adult adipose‐derived stromal cells based on single‐cell RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Pingshu , Yuan Xiaodong , Ya Ou , Li Qi , Li Jing , Long Qingxi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe cellular heterogeneity and genetic features of stemness of adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) remain unclear. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we investigated the genomic features of the stemness gene in ADSCs with genetic variability. We cultured the ADSCs isolated from the fat waste of a healthy adult volunteers undergoing cosmetic plastic surgery to the third generation, used the BD Rhapsody platform to perform scRNA‐seq, then used Monocle2 to analyze the growth and development trajectory of ADSCs, Cellular Trajectory Reconstruction Analysis Using Gene Counts and Expression (CytoTRACE) to evaluate the stemness gene characteristics in ADSCs clusters, and Beam to analyze the expression change characteristics of the main stemness related genes of ADSCs. According to the scRNA‐seq data of 5325 ADSCs, they could be classified into nine cell clusters. According to CytoTRACE analysis, Cluster 3 of ADSCs had the highest stemness, whereas Cluster 8 had the lowest stemness. Pseudotime analysis revealed that Cluster 3 of ADSCs was primarily dispersed in the middle part of the growth and development trajectory, whereas Cluster 8 was primarily distributed at the end. We summarized the stemness of Cluster 3 in ADSCs with high expression of TPM1 and CCND1 genes in the metaphase of growth and development is the strongest, whereas the stemness of Cluster 8 with high expression of FICD, CREBRF, SDF2L1, HERPUD1, and HYOU1 genes in the telophase of growth and development is the weakest, providing a theoretical basis for screening and improving the therapeutic effect of ADSCs in cell transplantation research.
Small cell osteosarcoma of the rib: An exceptional localization
Authors: Abid Walid , Triki Meriam , Hlima Ghassen Ben , Chaari Zied , Hentati Abdessalem , Frikha Imed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall cell osteosarcoma is a rare sub‐type of osteogenic malignant tumors. Rib localization is uncommon. Histological examination is an important step to make the difference with similar tumors like Ewing's sarcoma. Surgical resection is the unique curative treatment. The prognosis remains poor even with adjuvant treatment.