bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in COVID-19 Patients With Different Disease Severity
Authors: Elrayess Mohamed A. , Cyprian Farhan S. , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Emara Mohamed M. , Diboun Ilhame , Anwardeen Najeha , Schuchardt Sven , Yassine Hadi M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Increased COVID-19 disease severity is higher among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, the metabolic pathways underlying this association are not fully characterized. This study aims to identify the metabolic signature associated with increased COVID-19 severity in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Methods: One hundred and fifteen COVID-19 patients were divided based on disease severity, diabetes status, and hypertension status. Targeted metabolomics of serum samples from all patients was performed using tandem mass spectrometry followed by multivariate and univariate models.Results: Reduced levels of various triacylglycerols were observed with increased disease severity in the diabetic patients, including those containing palmitic (C16:0), docosapentaenoic (C22:5, DPA), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6, DHA) acids (FDR &lt; 0.01). Functional enrichment analysis revealed triacylglycerols as the pathway exhibiting the most significant changes in severe COVID-19 in diabetic patients (FDR = 7.1 × 10−27). Similarly, reduced levels of various triacylglycerols were also observed in hypertensive patients corresponding with increased disease severity, including those containing palmitic, oleic (C18:1), and docosahexaenoic acids. Functional enrichment analysis revealed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) as the pathway exhibiting the most significant changes with increased disease severity in hypertensive patients (FDR = 0.07).Conclusions: Reduced levels of triacylglycerols containing specific long-chain unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with increased COVID-19 severity in diabetic and hypertensive patients, offering potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli From Bloodstream Infection in Shanghai, China, 2016–2019
Authors: Xiao Shuzhen , Tang Chenyue , Zeng Qian , Xue Yilun , Chen Qing , Chen Erzhen , Han Lizhong 
Published: January 2022

Background: Bloodstream infections are recognized as important nosocomial infections. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most prevalent Gram-negative bacillary pathogen causing bloodstream infections (BSIs). This retrospective study investigated drug susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of E. coli isolated from patients with BSI in Shanghai, China.Methods: We collected E. coli isolated from the blood cultures of patients with BSI between January 2016 and December 2019. We randomly selected 20 strains each year to investigate antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR was performed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemase genes, and housekeeping genes, and phyloviz was applied to analyze multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results: Penicillins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones have high resistance rates (&gt;60%). Among the 80 randomly selected strains, 47 (58.8%) produced ESBLs, and one produced carbapenemase. Sequencing of resistance genes identified blaCTX−M−14 (34%, 16/47), blaCTX−M−15 (23.4%, 11/47) and blaCTX−M−27 (14.8%, 7/47) as the most prevalent genotypes of ESBLs. ST131 (14/80) was the most prevalent sequence type (ST), followed by ST1193 (10/80), ST648 (7/80).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that amikacin, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam have relatively low resistance rates and may be the preferred antibiotic regimens for empiric therapy. ST131 and blaCTX−M−14 are still the main prevalent in Shanghai with a rapid increase in the occurrence of ST1193 is rapidly increasing and more diverse blaCTX genes.
Critical Role of E1623 Residue in S3-S4 Loop of Nav1.1 Channel and Correlation Between Nature of Substitution and Functional Alteration
Authors: Su Tao , Chen Meng-Long , Liu Li-Hong , Meng Hen , Tang Bin , Liu Xiao-Rong , Liao Wei-Ping 
Published: January 2022

Objective: An overwhelming majority of the genetic variants associated with genetic disorders are missense. The association between the nature of substitution and the functional alteration, which is critical in determining the pathogenicity of variants, remains largely unknown. With a novel missense variant (E1623A) identified from two epileptic cases, which occurs in the extracellular S3-S4 loop of Nav1.1, we studied functional changes of all latent mutations at residue E1623, aiming to understand the relationship between substitution nature and functional alteration.Methods: Six latent mutants with amino acid substitutions at E1623 were generated, followed by measurements of their electrophysiological alterations. Different computational analyses were used to parameterize the residue alterations.Results: Structural modeling indicated that the E1623 was located in the peripheral region far from the central pore, and contributed to the tight turn of the S3-S4 loop. The E1623 residue exhibited low functional tolerance to the substitutions with the most remarkable loss-of-function found in E1623A, including reduced current density, less steady-state availability of activation and inactivation, and slower recovery from fast inactivation. Correlation analysis between electrophysiological parameters and the parameterized physicochemical properties of different residues suggested that hydrophilicity of side-chain at E1623 might be a crucial contributor for voltage-dependent kinetics. However, none of the established algorithms on the physicochemical variations of residues could well predict changes in the channel conductance property indicated by peak current density.Significance: The results established the important role of the extracellular S3-S4 loop in Nav1.1 channel gating and proposed a possible effect of local conformational loop flexibility on channel conductance and kinetics. Site-specific knowledge of protein will be a fundamental task for future bioinformatics.
Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA in Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Identifies Patients With Worse Overall Survival
Authors: Botrus Gehan , Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano , Raman Puneet , Kaufman Adrienne E. , Kosiorek Heidi , Yin Jun , Fu Yu , Majeed Umair , Sonbol Mohamad Bassam , Ahn Daniel H. , Chang Isabela W. , Drusbosky Leylah M. , Dada Hiba , Starr Jason , Borad Mitesh , Mody Kabir , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPlasma-based circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing (NGS)is an emerging diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer (PC). The impact of detected genomic alterations and variant allele fraction (VAF) in tumor response to systemic treatments and outcomes is under investigation.MethodsPatients with advanced PC who had ctDNA profiled at time of initial diagnosis were retrospectively evaluated. We considered the somatic alteration with the highest VAF as the dominant clone allele frequency (DCAF). ctDNA NGS results were related to clinical demographics, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 104 patients were evaluated. Somatic alterations were detected in 84.6% of the patients. Patients with ≥ 2 detectable genomic alterations had worse median PFS (p &lt; 0.001) and worse median OS (p = 0.001). KRAS was associated with disease progression to systemic treatments (80.4% vs 19.6%, p = 0.006), worse median PFS (p &lt; 0.001) and worse median OS (p = 0.002). TP53 was associated with worse median PFS (p = 0.02) and worse median OS (p = 0.001). The median DCAF was 0.45% (range 0-55%). DCAF &gt;0.45% was associated with worse median PFS (p&lt;0.0001) and median OS (p=0.0003). Patients that achieved clearance of KRAS had better PFS (p=0.047), while patients that achieved clearance of TP53 had better PFS (p=0.0056) and OS (p=0.037).ConclusionsInitial detection of ctDNA in advanced PC can identify somatic alterations that may help predict clinical outcomes. The dynamics of ctDNA are prognostic of outcomes and should be evaluated in prospective studies.
Comparative Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections for Treating Severe Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Niu Liqing , Xiao Lu , Zhang Xuemin , Liu Xuezheng , Liu Xinqiao , Huang Xianglong , Zhang Mingzhu 
Published: January 2022

Background: Severe pneumonia (SP) has a high mortality rate and is responsible for significant healthcare costs. Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) have been widely used in China as a novel and promising treatment option for SP. Therefore, this study assessed and ranked the effectiveness of CHIs to provide more sights for the selection of SP treatment.Method: Seven databases were searched from their inception up to April 1, 2021. The methodological quality of included study was evaluated by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Then, a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed by OpenBUGS 3.2.3 and STATA 14.0 software. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the examined treatments. A clustering analysis was utilized to compare the effect of CHIs between two different outcomes.Results: A total of 64 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 5,904 participants were identified for this analysis. Six CHIs including Xuebijing injection (XBJ), Tanreqing injection (TRQ), Reduning injection (RDN), Xiyanping injection (XYP), Shenfu injection (SF), and Shenmai injection (SM) were included. The results of the NMA showed that XBJ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.24, 95% credible interval (CI): 0.19, 0.30], TRQ (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.37), RDN (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.94), and SM (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.63) combined with conventional Western medicine (WM) improved the clinical effective rate more significantly than WM alone. Based on SUCRA values, TRQ + WM (SUCRA: 66.4%) ranked the highest in improving the clinical effective rate, second in four different outcomes, and third in only one. According to the cluster analysis, TRQ + WM exerted a positive effect on improving the efficacy of SP. As for safety, less than 30% (18 RCTs) of the included studies reported adverse drug reactions/adverse drug events (ADRs/ADEs), including 14 RCTs of XBJ, 3 RCTs of TRQ, and 1 RCT of RDN.Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that the CHIs as co-adjuvant therapy could be beneficial for patients with SP. TRQ + WM showed an outstanding improvement in patients with SP considering both the clinical effective rate and other outcomes.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021244587].
Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Metastatic Non-Squamous and Squamous NSCLC Patients With PD-L1 Expression ≥ 50%
Authors: Liu Qiao , Zhou Zhen , Luo Xia , Yi Lidan , Peng Liubao , Wan Xiaomin , Tan Chongqing , Zeng Xiaohui 
Published: January 2022

Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness of the combination of pembrolizumab and chemotherapy (Pembro+Chemo) versus pembrolizumab monotherapy (Pembro) as the first-line treatment for metastatic non-squamous and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1expression ≥50%, respectively, from a US health care perspective.Material and Methods A comprehensive Makrov model were designed to compare the health costs and outcomes associated with first-line Pembro+Chemo and first-line Pembro over a 20-years time horizon. Health states consisted of three main states: progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) and death, among which the PFS health state was divided into two substates: PFS while receiving first-line therapy and PFS with discontinued first-line therapy. Two scenario analyses were performed to explore satisfactory long-term survival modeling.Results In base case analysis, for non-squamous NSCLC patients, Pembro+Chemo was associated with a significantly longer life expectancy [3.24 vs 2.16 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)] and a substantially greater healthcare cost ($341,237 vs $159,055) compared with Pembro, resulting in an ICER of $169,335/QALY; for squamous NSCLC patients, Pembro+Chemo was associated with a slightly extended life expectancy of 0.22 QALYs and a marginal incremental cost of $3,449 compared with Pembro, resulting in an ICER of $15,613/QALY. Our results were particularly sensitive to parameters that determine QALYs. The first scenario analysis yielded lower ICERs than our base case results. The second scenario analysis founded Pembro+Chemo was dominated by Pembro.Conclusion For metastatic non-squamous NSCLC patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%, first-line Pembro+Chemo was not cost-effective when compared with first-line Pembro. In contrast, for the squamous NSCLC patient population, our results supported the first-line Pembro+Chemo as a cost-effective treatment. Although there are multiple approaches that are used for extrapolating long-term survival, the optimal method has yet to be determined.
Ultrasound-Derived Diaphragm Contractile Reserve as a Marker of Clinical Status in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gabrysz-Forget Fanny , Maynard-Paquette Anne-Catherine , Kharat Aileen , Tremblay François , Silviet-Carricart Maité , Lavoie Annick , Girard Martin , Dubé Bruno-Pierre 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the monitoring of respiratory muscle activity using electromyography can provide information on the demand-to-capacity ratio of the respiratory system and act as a clinical marker of disease activity, but this technique is not adapted to routine clinical care. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm could provide an alternative, simpler and more widely available alternative allowing the real-time assessment of the diaphragm contractile reserve (DCR), but its relationship with recognized markers of disease severity and clinical outcomes are currently unknown.Methods: Stable patients with CF were prospectively recruited. Diaphragm ultrasound was performed and compared to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), residual volume (RV), handgrip strength, fat-free mass index (FFMI), serum vitamin levels, dyspnea levels and rate of acute exacerbation (AE). Diaphragm activity was reported as DCR (the ratio of tidal-to-maximal thickening fractions, representing the remaining diaphragm contractility available after tidal inspiration) and TFmax (representing maximal diaphragm contractile strength). Inter-observer reliability of the measurement of DCR was evaluated using intra-class correlation analysis.Results: 110 patients were included [61 males, median (interquartile range), age 31 (27–38) years, FEV1 66 (46–82)% predicted]. DCR was significantly correlated to FEV1 (rho = 0.46, p &lt; 0.001), RV (rho = −0.46, p &lt; 0.001), FFMI (rho = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001), and handgrip strength (rho = 0.22, p = 0.02), but TFmax was not. In a multiple linear regression analysis, both RV and FFMI were independent predictors of DCR. DCR, but not TFmax, was statistically lower in patients with &gt; 2 exacerbations/year (56 ± 25 vs. 71 ± 17%, p = 0.001) and significantly lower with higher dyspnea levels. A ROC analysis showed that DCR performed better than FEV1 (mean difference in AUROC 0.09, p = 0.04), RV (mean difference in AUROC 0.11, p = 0.03), and TFmax at identifying patients with an mMRC score &gt; 2. Inter-observer reliability of DCR was high (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.92, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: In patients with CF, DCR is a reliable and non-invasive marker of disease severity that is related to respiratory and extra-pulmonary manifestations of the disease and to clinical outcomes. Future studies investigating the use of DCR as a longitudinal marker of disease progression, response to interventions or target for therapy would further validate its translation into clinical practice.
The Mediating Effect of Creativity on the Relationship Between Mathematic Achievement and Programming Self-Efficacy
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Meng , Dong Yue , Xu Fei , Sun Xue , Zhou Yan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy, and adopt a mediation model to verify the mediating role of creativity on the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy.Methods: A total of 950 upper-secondary school students were surveyed using their math test scores, the Kirton Adaption-Innovation and the Programmed Self-Efficacy Scale. SPSS-26 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis of related variables. The PROCESS plugin was used to test the mediating effect of creativity.Results: (1) Mathematic achievement has a positive effect on programming self-efficacy, mathematic achievement is positively related to creativity, and creativity also has a positive influence on programming self-efficacy. (2) Creativity has a mediating effect on the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy.Conclusion: The results revealed that mathematic achievement affected programming self-efficacy directly and also indirectly through creativity. This provided certain ideas for the development of programming education for teenagers. Since students’ mathematics learning and creativity are related to programming learning, it is necessary to pay attention to the integration of the disciplines of programming education and mathematics. Further, the cultivation of innovative thinking is also critical to facilitate programming learning.
The Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analyses Revealed an Additional Taxon in Heteroradulum (Auriculariales)
Authors: Li Jia-Jin , Zhao Chang-Lin , Liu Chao-Mao 
Published: January 2022

Auriculariales is diverse, embracing a number of corticioid, poroid, and hydnoid genera. The present study covers a new wood-inhabiting fungal species of Heteroradulum niveum sp. nov that is proposed on the basis of a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae with clamp connections; tubular cystidia; two- to four-celled basidia; and allantoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, basidiospores (6.5–13.5 × 2.7–5.5 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA gene regions of the specimens were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out with methods of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. These phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS+nLSU indicated that H. niveum is nested in Heteroradulum within Auriculariales. Further study within Heteroradulum on the basis of ITS+nLSU dataset revealed that it formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with H. yunnanensis.
True 3D Nanometrology: 3D-Probing with a Cantilever-Based Sensor
Authors: Thiesler Jan , Ahbe Thomas , Tutsch Rainer , Dai Gaoliang 
Published: January 2022

State of the art three-dimensional atomic force microscopes (3D-AFM) cannot measure three spatial dimensions separately from each other. A 3D-AFM-head with true 3D-probing capabilities is presented in this paper. It detects the so-called 3D-Nanoprobes CD-tip displacement with a differential interferometer and an optical lever. The 3D-Nanoprobe was specifically developed for tactile 3D-probing and is applied for critical dimension (CD) measurements. A calibrated 3D-Nanoprobe shows a selectivity ratio of 50:1 on average for each of the spatial directions x, y, and z. Typical stiffness values are kx = 1.722 ± 0.083 N/m, ky = 1.511 ± 0.034 N/m, and kz = 1.64 ± 0.16 N/m resulting in a quasi-isotropic ratio of the stiffness of 1.1:0.9:1.0 in x:y:z, respectively. The probing repeatability of the developed true 3D-AFM shows a standard deviation of 0.18 nm, 0.31 nm, and 0.83 nm for x, y, and z, respectively. Two CD-line samples type IVPS100-PTB, which were perpendicularly mounted to each other, were used to test the performance of the developed true 3D-AFM: repeatability, long-term stability, pitch, and line edge roughness and linewidth roughness (LER/LWR), showing promising results.
Pernikahan Usia Dini Terhadap Status Gizi Anak Balita
Authors: Dartilawati Dartilawati , Dangnga Muhammad Siri , Umar Fitriani 
Published: January 2022

Jumlah pernikahan usia dini di Kabupaten Pinrang masih cukup tinggi. Ibu yang menikah di usia dini berisiko memiliki anak berstatus gizi buruk dan pendek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pernikahan usia dini terhadap status gizi balita berdasarkan BB/U dan TB/U. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observational analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel adalah sebagian balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Suppa Kabupaten Pinrang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode accidental sampling sebanyak 94 orang. Status gizi anak dikumpulkan dengan pengukuran antropometri berupa berat badan dan tinggi badan. Analisis data menggunakan uji fisher exact. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 9,6% balita mengalami stunting, 8,5% gizi kurang dan 46,8% ibu balita menikah di usia dini. Tidak ada pengaruh pernikahan usia dini terhadap status gizi balita berdasarkan BB/U (p=0,431) dan TB/U (p=0,279). Disarankan perlunya edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya pernikahan usia dini dan perbaikan pola asuh balita.
Рівень психологічного благополуччя у працюючих жінок-матерів
Authors: Мелащенко Ю. П. , Гридковець Л. М. 
Published: January 2022

У сучасному світі велике значення надається працевлаштуванню людини та її професійній реалізації. Жінки все більш активно входять у сферу не тільки професійної реалізації, а також політики. Водночас репродуктивна функція жінки є частиною її іншого значного покликання, а саме – матері. Проблематика ролі психологічного благополуччя у працюючих жінок-матерів набуває все більшої актуальності. Саме від вирішення цього питання залежить не лише розвиток родини жінки, але й суспільства в цілому. У нашому дослідженні були виділені такі категорії жінок-матерів віком від 23 до 40 років: жінки, які добровільно розпочали/продовжили професійну реалізацію після народження дітей; жінки, які добровільно обрали професію «матері та дружини»; жінки, які були вимушені обрати роботу без внутрішньої на те згоди; жінки, які вимушено мали відмовитися від професійної реалізації під тиском чоловіка чи родичів. Добровільно працюючі жінки переважно задоволені робочим графіком, системою заохочення, взаємодією з колегами інших відділів, змістом роботи. Натомість, жінки-матері, які вимушено розпочали трудову діяльність найчастіше мають негативне ставлення до графіку та умов роботи. Водночас, спостерігається значна втома жінок, які розпочали/продовжили професійну діяльність після народження дітей, про що свідчить той факт, що лише третина з них відчувають задоволеність життям. Найвищий рівень психологічного благополуччя спостерігається у жінок-матерів, які добровільно вийшли на роботу і прагнуть гармонійного поєднання сім’ї та кар’єрного зростання. Жінки, які добровільно обирають сім’ю також мають високі показники психологічного благополуччя, хоча і в меншій мірі. Найнижчі показники психологічного благополуччя спостерігаються у жінок, які перебувають під зовнішнім примусом щодо вибору сімейної реалізації без права на професійну реалізацію.