bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone development in offspring of pregnant rats treated with carbamazepine: Evaluation by three different methods
Authors: Güler Hatice , Esen Eda Esra , Balcıoğlu Esra , Göktepe Özge , Yılmaz Halil , Yay Arzu Hanım , Nisari Mehtap , Al Özge , Uçar Sümeyye , Güçlü Ekinci Hilal Kübra , Tokpınar Adem , Yılmaz Seher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was carried out to determine the effect of intrauterine carbamazepine (CBZ) exposure on fetal bone development during pregnancy.MethodsIn the study, 24 female Wistar pregnant rats were used. Rats were 20 weeks old. They had an average body weight of 150–200 g. Pregnant rats were randomly selected and divided (n = 6) into a control group, low‐dose CBZ (10 mg/kg/day) group, medium‐dose CBZ (25 mg/kg/day) group, and high‐dose CBZ (50 mg/kg/day) group. The ossification length (mm) and ossification area (mm2) of the long bones of the fetuses in the experimental and control groups were calculated. The densities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were analyzed. The ossification regions of the femurs of the fetuses were examined under a light microscope. Microstructural images of the femurs were evaluated with scanning electron microscope photographs. The densities of minerals involved in the ossification process were analyzed.ResultsAccording to the results of the study, all three doses of CBZ caused loss of ossification areas, and it was observed that this bone loss also increased statistically significantly depending on the dose increase (p < .05). Calcium concentration decreased in the CBZ groups. When the electron microscope images were examined, it was determined that the cartilage matrix of the CBZ groups was thinned. In the histological evaluation of the groups, narrowing of the primary bone collar and smaller bone spicules in the ossification region compared to the control group were noted due to the increase in dose in the CBZ groups. In immunohistochemical staining, it was observed that the TRAP and AP expression values of the femurs were the lowest in the CBZ groups. These decreases were also statistically significant when compared with the control group.SignificanceIt was revealed with both microscopic and macroscopic findings that exposure to intrauterine CBZ negatively affected ossification and bone growth.
Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Montalvo Mayra , Khattak Jamal F. , Redenbaugh Vyanka , Britton Jeffrey , Sanchez Cristina Valencia , Datta Abhigyan , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Chen John , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Dubey Divyanshu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical presentations and outcomes of patients with seizure and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records for clinical and paraclinical features among patients with seizures and MOG‐IgG (immunoglobulin G) seropositivity.ResultsWe identified 213 patients with MOG‐IgG seropositivity who fulfilled criteria for MOGAD. Seizures attributed to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity were observed in 10% of patients (n = 23: 19 children, 4 adults). The majority (n = 19, 83%) had pediatric disease onset. Focal motor seizures were the most common seizure semiology (16/23; 70%). Focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures were present in 12 patients (53%), and 3 patients (13%) developed status epilepticus. All patients had features of encephalitis at onset of seizures. Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) was the most common radiological finding (10 unilateral and 5 bilateral cases). Eight of 23 patients (35%) had only CCE, six of 23 patients (26%) had only acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and seven of 23 patients (30%) had features of both. Fifteen patients (65%) had leptomeningeal enhancement. Three patients (13%) had coexistence ofN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) IgG. Only 3 of 23 patients (13%) developed drug‐ resistant epilepsy. Although the majority had MOGAD relapses (14/23, 60%) had only 5 of 23 patients had recurrence of episodes of encephalitis with associated seizures. Twenty‐one of 23 patients (91%) had seizure freedom at last follow‐up.SignificanceMOG‐IgG evaluation should be considered in patients who present with encephalitis and focal motor and/or focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures, especially pediatric patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings consistent with CCE, ADEM, or other MOGAD presentations. The majority of these seizures are self‐limited and do not require maintenance/chronic antiseizure medications. Although seizure recurrence is uncommon, many patients have MOGAD relapses in the form of encephalitis and optic neuritis.
Patterns of genetic diversity: Stepping‐stone dispersal of an invasive fish introduced by an inter‐basin water transfer project
Authors: Qin Jiao , Bjorn Victor Schmidt , Zhang Lei , Cheng Fei , Xie Songguang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Knowledge of large‐scale dispersal processes and their associated genetic diversity patterns is significant for managing invasive species. These patterns remain unclear for invasive species that colonise new habitats through inter‐basin water transfer projects. A worm goby Taenioides cirratus colonised several large inland lakes in China, thereby expanding its distribution through the East Route of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project (ESNT).

Here, we used nuclear microsatellites to analyse patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, gene flow and, invasion history across its native and invasive ranges in China. Our objectives were to: (a) reveal contemporary genetic diversity patterns of T. cirratus in two native and four invasive populations in China; and (b) identify its main model of dispersal in the ESNT.

Invasive populations experienced significant loss of genetic diversity because of bottlenecks and low levels of gene flow, and strong population genetic structure due to founder effects that occurred during expansions.

Significant genetic isolation‐by‐distance patterns were largely influenced by landscape connectivity and the reduced active dispersal ability of T. cirratus.

The one‐way stepping‐stone dispersal model was identified as being most likely for T. cirratus in the ESNT, influenced by the long distance of upstream dispersal and downstream water transfer events.

Our results highlight that T. cirratus could overcome low genetic diversity in founding populations, allowing for invasive spread. For management, we suggest physical removal of invasive populations and installation of deterrents near the pump intake area and the lake outflow to reduce further spread in the system. We provided a general paradigm for understanding dispersal patterns involved in inter‐basin water transfers.
Distribution patterns of macrophytes in shallow lakes of the lower Paraná River floodplain: Associations with environmental conditions
Authors: Gayol Maira Patricia , Morandeira Natalia Soledad , Gonzalez Eliana Belén , Kandus Patricia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Macrophytes play key functional and structural roles in floodplain shallow lakes (SL), determining the maintenance of ecosystem functions and sustaining several productive activities. We assessed the relationship between macrophyte community structure (composition, species abundance, and plant diversity) and environmental features (SL dynamics, connectivity, morphometry, flood frequency, and water and sediment physical and chemical variables) in the Lower Paraná River floodplain. Our main hypothesis was that SL macrophyte distribution depends on direct and indirect environmental controls operating at multiple scales.

The SL dynamics during the April–November 2017 Paraná River pulse were described according to their coverage changes (vegetation, and turbid or clear open water), which were assessed with supervised classifications on Landsat 8‐OLI scenes. Twenty‐five SL of the Lower Paraná River floodplain were selected to represent all the SL dynamics identified. Ten SL were permanently connected and 15 were disconnected from watercourses. Water and sediment physical and chemical characteristics, macrophyte assemblage composition, and plant species abundance were surveyed at each site in the 2018 summer. Also, SL morphometric parameters and flood frequency were estimated from ancillary geographic data.

The direct controlling factors of macrophyte assemblages were water ammonium and water nitrate concentrations, turbidity, and flood frequency. No clear effects of environmental conditions on macrophyte diversity were found. The connectivity of SL with watercourses affected their water and sediment physical and chemical features. Also, SL dynamics during the 2017 pulse were related to flood frequency.

As connectivity to watercourses affects SL chemical and physical variables, and SL dynamics were associated with flood frequency, connectivity and SL dynamics indirectly influenced macrophyte assemblage composition. This study improved our understanding of macrophyte distribution patterns in the study area, which was related to several environmental variables operating at different scales.

Our results highlight the importance of the variability of hydrological connectivity in promoting environmental heterogeneity in river floodplain systems, which is central to their functioning, and the high biodiversity that characterises these environments.
An assessment of people living by coral reefs over space and time
Authors: Sing Wong Amy , Vrontos Spyridon , Taylor Michelle L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman populations near ecosystems are used as both a proxy for dependency on ecosystems, and conversely to estimate threats. Consequently, the number of people living near coral reefs is often used in regional coral reef management, evaluation of risk at regional and global scales, and even considerations of funding needs. Human populations and their statistics, are ever‐changing and data relating to coral reefs have not been updated regularly. Here, we present an up‐to‐date analysis of the abundance, and density of people living within 5–100 km of coral reef ecosystems along with population proportion, using freely available data sets and replicable methods. We present trends of changes in human populations living near coral reefs over a 20‐year time period (2000–2020), divided by region and country, along with socio‐economic denominations such as country income category and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). We find that across 117 coral reef countries there are currently close to a billion people living within 100 km of a coral reef (~13% of the global population) compared with 762 million people in 2000. Population growth by coral reefs is higher than global averages. The Indian Ocean saw a 33% increase in populations within 100 km of a coral reef and 71% at 5 km. There are 60 countries with 100% of their population within 100 km of coral reefs. In SIDS, the proportion of the total population within 100 km of a coral reef is extremely high: 94% in 2020. Population density 5–10 km from coral reefs is 4× the global average. From 5 to 100 km, more people from lower‐middle‐income countries live by coral reefs than any other income category. Our findings provide the most up‐to‐date and extensive statistics on the regional and nation‐level differences in population trends that play a large role in coral reef health and survival.
Inferring the demographic history of the North American firefly Photinus pyralis
Authors: Catalan Ana , Höhna Sebastian , Lower Sarah E. , Duchen Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe firefly Photinus pyralis inhabits a wide range of latitudinal and ecological niches, with populations living from temperate to tropical habitats. Despite its broad distribution, its demographic history is unknown. In this study, we modelled and inferred different demographic scenarios for North American populations of P. pyralis, which were collected from Texas to New Jersey. We used a combination of ABC techniques (for multi‐population/colonization analyses) and likelihood inference (dadi, StairwayPlot2, PoMo) for single‐population demographic inference, which proved useful with our RAD data. We uncovered that the most ancestral North American population lays in Texas, which further colonized the Central region of the US and more recently the North Eastern coast. Our study confidently rejects a demographic scenario where the North Eastern populations colonized more southern populations until reaching Texas. To estimate the age of divergence between of P. pyralis, which provides deeper insights into the history of the entire species, we assembled a multi‐locus phylogenetic data covering the genus Photinus. We uncovered that the phylogenetic node leading to P. pyralis lies at the end of the Miocene. Importantly, modelling the demographic history of North American P. pyralis serves as a null model of nucleotide diversity patterns in a widespread native insect species, which will serve in future studies for the detection of adaptation events in this firefly species, as well as a comparison for future studies of other North American insect taxa.
Perspectives of (/memorandum for) systems thinking on COVID‐19 pandemic and pathology
Authors: Tretter Felix , Peters Eva M. J. , Sturmberg Joachim , Bennett Jeanette , Voit Eberhard , Dietrich Johannes W. , Smith Gary , Weckwerth Wolfram , Grossman Zvi , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Marcum James A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIs data‐driven analysis sufficient for understanding the COVID‐19 pandemic and for justifying public health regulations? In this paper, we argue that such analysis is insufficient. Rather what is needed is the identification and implementation of over‐arching hypothesis‐related and/or theory‐based rationales to conduct effective SARS‐CoV2/COVID‐19 (Corona) research. To that end, we analyse and compare several published recommendations for conceptual and methodological frameworks in medical research (e.g., public health, preventive medicine and health promotion) to current research approaches in medical Corona research. Although there were several efforts published in the literature to develop integrative conceptual frameworks before the COVID‐19 pandemic, such associal ecologyfor public health issues andsystems thinkingin health care, only a few attempts to utilize these concepts can be found in medical Corona research. For this reason, we propose nested and integrative systemic modelling approaches to understandCorona pandemicandCorona pathology. We conclude that institutional efforts for knowledge integration and systemic thinking, but also for integrated science, are urgently needed to avoid or mitigate future pandemics and to resolve infection pathology.
Further insight into the genetic diversity of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni
Authors: Stensvold Christen Rune , Ascuña‐Durand Kasandra , Chihi Amal , Belkessa Salem , Kurt Özgür , El‐Badry Ayman , van der Giezen Mark , Clark C. Graham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the species' wide distribution, studies of the genetic diversity within Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni remain limited. In the present study, we provide further insight into the genetic diversity of both species based on analysis of partial nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences generated from human fecal DNAs from samples collected in Africa, South America, and Europe. Reinforcing the previous recognition that E. coli is a species complex, our data confirm the existence of the two subtypes, ST1 and ST2, previously identified plus, potentially, a new subtype, ST3. While ST1 appears to be genetically quite homogenous, ST2 shows a substantial degree of intrasubtype diversity. ST2 was more common in samples collected outside Europe, whereas ST1 showed no geographical restriction. The potentially novel subtype is represented to date exclusively by sequences from South American and African samples. In contrast to previous reports, our new data also indicate substantial variation in E. hartmanni that could also support the establishment of subtypes within this species. Here, however, no links were identified between subtype and geographical origin.
A situational analysis of registered dietitians' participation in network marketing
Authors: Hewko Sarah J. , Mann Kristen J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegistered dietitians (RDs) are allied health professionals with advanced training in nutrition and food science. To practice, RDs must maintain registration with the regulatory body in their jurisdiction.MethodsWe conducted a situational analysis to better understand: (i) RDs participation as independent sales consultants (ISCs) for network marketing companies and (ii) the role of regulatory bodies in overseeing network marketing participation among RDs. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with individuals who had, within the past 5 years, concurrently been an RD and an ISC, and with three representatives of non‐RD regulatory bodies in the province of Ontario. Other sources of discursive data included relevant articles published in academic journals and in the mainstream media, documentary series and circulating memes.ResultsOur results are depicted in three maps (ordered situational, arenas and positional). Overall, much of what was highlighted in the reviewed articles and expressed in the analytic maps about network marketing remained unsaid in RD interviews (n = 8).ConclusionsRDs who participate in network marketing were often able to achieve a level of personal fulfilment that appeared unattainable through their professional work alone. However, the stigma of network marketing participation appeared to diminish the benefits of ISC work. Consistent, clear guidelines from RD regulatory bodies are desired by RD/ISCs.
An improved explants culture method: Sustainable isolation of keloid fibroblasts with primary characteristics
Authors: He Yan , Zhang Shengpeng , Bao Wu , Xue Yi , Yin Bin , Cheng Xialin , Zhang Zexin , Jia Chiyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKeloid (KD) is a complex fibroproliferative disease, but the exact mechanisms underlying keloid pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. The primary keloid fibroblasts (KFs) culture in vitro has always been a fundamental measure to study the pathogenesis of keloid. However, the traditional primary culture methods have some limitations, such as a long culture cycle, low specimen utilization rate and so on.AimsImprove the keloid explants culture method sts.Materials & MethodsWe proposed an improved new “explants multiple culture method”—reusing keloid explants for primary culture and harvesting the primary KFs in specific culture times. Meanwhile, the purity, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, extracellular matrix synthesis, and some fibrosis and inflammation‐related proteins of KFs obtained from the first, fifth, and tenth explants cultures were detected.ResultsThe results showed that the culture cycle of this new method (Cell Isolation: 2.67 ± 0.86 days, Explants removal: 8.83 ± 0.79 days, Cell Passage: 15.17 ± 1.39 days) was significantly shorter than that of the traditional method (Cell Isolation: 8.67 ± 1.84 days, Explants removal: 17.67 ± 2.17 days, Cell Passage: 22.67 ± 1.84 days). No significant difference was observed between the phenotypes of the fibroblasts obtained from the first explants culture and cultures less than 10 times (p > 0.05).DisscussionTaken together, this study provides an effective method for the primary culture of KFs with a higher specimen utilization rate and shorter culture cycle.ConclusionThis method breaks through the limitation of traditional explants culture requiring a large number of keloid specimens and provides a rich source of KFs for the study of keloid.
Development and performance of a sleep estimation algorithm using a single accelerometer placed on the thigh: an evaluation against polysomnography
Authors: Johansson Peter J. , Crowley Patrick , Axelsson John , Franklin Karl , Garde Anne Helene , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Holtermann Andreas , Kecklund Göran , Lindberg Eva , Ljunggren Mirjam , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Theorell Haglöw Jenny , Svartengren Magnus 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAccelerometers placed on the thigh provide accurate measures of daily physical activity types, postures and sedentary behaviours, over 24 h and across consecutive days. However, the ability to estimate sleep duration or quality from thigh‐worn accelerometers is uncertain and has not been evaluated in comparison with the ‘gold‐standard’ measurement of sleep polysomnography. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for sleep estimation using the raw data from a thigh‐worn accelerometer and to evaluate it in comparison with polysomnography. The algorithm was developed and optimised on a dataset consisting of 23 single‐night polysomnography recordings, collected in a laboratory, from 15 asymptomatic adults. This optimised algorithm was then applied to a separate evaluation dataset, in which, 71 adult males (mean [SD] age 57 [11] years, height 181 [6] cm, weight 82 [13] kg) wore ambulatory polysomnography equipment and a thigh‐worn accelerometer, simultaneously, whilst sleeping at home. Compared with polysomnography, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.55 when estimating sleep periods. Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 min (130 min, Limits of Agreement Range [LoAR]). Total sleep time was underestimated by 32 min (233 min LoAR). Our results evaluate the performance of a new algorithm for estimating sleep and outline the limitations. Based on these results, we conclude that a single device can provide estimates of the sleep interval and total sleep time with sufficient accuracy for the measurement of daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, on a group level in free‐living settings.
Coral larvae suppress heat stress response during the onset of symbiosis decreasing their odds of survival
Authors: Kitchen Sheila A. , Jiang Duo , Harii Saki , Satoh Noriyuki , Weis Virginia M. , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe endosymbiosis between most corals and their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners begins early in the host life history, when corals are larvae or juvenile polyps. The capacity of coral larvae to buffer climate‐induced stress while in the process of symbiont acquisition could come with physiological trade‐offs that alter behaviour, development, settlement and survivorship. Here we examined the joint effects of thermal stress and symbiosis onset on colonization dynamics, survival, metamorphosis and host gene expression of Acropora digitifera larvae. We found that thermal stress decreased symbiont colonization of hosts by 50% and symbiont density by 98.5% over 2 weeks. Temperature and colonization also influenced larval survival and metamorphosis in an additive manner, where colonized larvae fared worse or prematurely metamorphosed more often than noncolonized larvae under thermal stress. Transcriptomic responses to colonization and thermal stress treatments were largely independent, while the interaction of these treatments revealed contrasting expression profiles of genes that function in the stress response, immunity, inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The combined treatment either cancelled or lowered the magnitude of expression of heat‐stress responsive genes in the presence of symbionts, revealing a physiological cost to acquiring symbionts at the larval stage with elevated temperatures. In addition, host immune suppression, a hallmark of symbiosis onset under ambient temperature, turned to immune activation under heat stress. Thus, by integrating the physical environment and biotic pressures that mediate presettlement event in corals, our results suggest that colonization may hinder larval survival and recruitment under projected climate scenarios.