bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended characterisation of five archival tick-borne viruses provides insights for virus discovery in Australian ticks
Authors: O’Brien Caitlin A. , Huang Bixing , Warrilow David , Hazlewood Jessamine E. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Hall-Mendelin Sonja , Pegg Cassandra L. , Harrison Jessica J. , Paramitha Devina , Newton Natalee D. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Suhrbier Andreas , Hobson-Peters Jody , Hall Roy A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA subset of Australians who have been bitten by ticks experience a complex of chronic and debilitating symptoms which cannot be attributed to the known pathogenic species of bacteria present in Australia. As a result, there has been a renewed effort to identify and characterise viruses in Australian terrestrial ticks. Recent transcriptome sequencing ofIxodesandAmblyommaticks has revealed the presence of multiple virus sequences. However, without virus isolates our ability to understand the host range and pathogenesis of newly identified viruses is limited. We have established a successful method for high-throughput virus discovery and isolation in mosquitoes using antibodies to double-stranded RNA. In this study we sought to characterise five archival tick-borne viruses to adapt our virus discovery protocol for Australian ticks.MethodsWe performed virus characterisation using a combination of bioinformatic sequence analysis and in vitro techniques including replication kinetics, antigenic profiling, virus purification and mass spectrometry.ResultsOur sequence analysis of Nugget virus, Catch-me-Cave virus and Finch Creek virus revealed marked genetic stability in isolates collected from the same location approximately 30 years apart. We demonstrate that theIxodes scapularis-derived ISE6 cell line supports replication of Australian members of theFlaviviridae,Nairoviridae,PhenuiviridaeandReoviridaefamilies, including Saumarez Reef virus (SREV), a flavivirus isolated from the soft tickOrnithodoros capensis. While antibodies against double-stranded RNA could be used to detect replication of a tick-borne reovirus and mosquito-borne flavivirus, the tick-borne flaviviruses Gadgets Gully virus and SREV could not be detected using this method. Finally, four novel virus-like sequences were identified in transcriptome sequencing of the Australian native tickIxodes holocyclus.ConclusionsGenetic and antigenic characterisations of archival viruses in this study confirm that three viruses described in 2002 represent contemporary isolates of virus species first identified 30 years prior. Our findings with antibodies to double-stranded RNA highlight an unusual characteristic shared by two Australian tick-borne flaviviruses. Finally, comparative growth kinetics analyses of Australian tick-borne members of theFlaviviridae,Nairoviridae,PhenuiviridaeandReoviridaefamilies in ISE6 and BSR cells will provide a useful resource for isolation of Australian tick-borne viruses using existing cell lines.Graphical Abstract
Preparation of recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis agents for simultaneous degradation of two mycotoxins
Authors: Xia Yu , Qiu Yangyu , Wu Zifeng , Cheng Qianqian , Hu Xiuyu , Cui Xiaobing , Wang Zhouping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are widely distributed in corns, peanuts, and other cereals, causing serious threat to food safety and human health. As shown by our previous studies, the recombinant yeast strain Kluyveromyces lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) had the ability of degrading AFB1 and ZEN simultaneously. In this work, the agent preparation process was optimized for K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1), and the storage conditions of the prepared yeast agents were investigated, for obtaining the products with high storage activities and potent mycotoxin degradation efficiency. The optimal preparation process was as follows: centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 15 min for collection of the yeast cells, spray drying with the ratio of protective compounds to yeast cells at 3:1 (w/w) and then stored at − 20 °C. Simultaneous degradation tests of AFB1 and ZEN were performed using the supernatants of reactivated yeast agents after three months of storage, and the degradation ratios for AFB1 and ZEN in reaction system 1 (70.0 mmol/L malonic buffer, pH 4.5, with 1.0 mmol/L MnSO4, 0.1 mmol/L H2O2, 5.0 μg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively) were 48.2 ± 3.2% and 34.8 ± 2.8%, while that for ZEN in reaction system 2 (50.0 mmol/L Tris–HCl, pH 7.5, with 5.0 μg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively) was 30.1 ± 2.7%. Besides, the supernatants of reactivated yeast agents degraded more than 80% of AFB1 and 55% of ZEN in contaminated peanuts after twice treatments. Results of this work suggested that the optimized process for K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) was with high value for industrial applications.
An exploration of the potential benefit of extensive listening along with orthography for improving EFL learners’ pronunciation
Authors: Almalki Nada , Algethami Ghazi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExplicit pronunciation instruction has been shown to be effective in improving language learners’ pronunciation, yet it is not clear whether the same can be said about implicit pronunciation instruction. In addition, the role of orthography in improving language learners’ pronunciation is yet to be fully understood. Thus, this research examined the contribution of extensive listening combined with orthography to the improvement of language learners’ pronunciation. Ninety Saudi learners of English were randomly allocated to three groups and offered different types of instructions: (A) extensive listening only; (B) extensive listening with orthography; and (C) a control group. Similar utterances were collected from the three groups before and after the instructions. The utterances were then presented randomly to a group of native English listeners for global foreign accent rating. Small, though non-significant, improvement was observed for both experimental groups. This may be attributed to the relatively short duration of exposing the learners to the aural input. Semi-structed interviews, with a sample of the learners from the experimental groups, showed that they had positive opinions regarding extensive listening with orthography for the improvement of their pronunciation. Further research may use longer period to examine whether extensive listening along with orthography can result in significant improvement of language learners’ pronunciation.
Ringlike vortex structures in models with anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Andrade I. , Marques M. A. , Menezes R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with vortices in Maxwell-Chern-Simons models with nonminimal coupling. We introduce constraints between the functions that govern the model and find the conditions to minimize the energy. In this direction, a set of first-order equations with novel features are obtained, allowing us to smoothly modify the slope of the function that drives the scalar field in the rotationally symmetric configurations. The results show that, under specific conditions, the solutions may attain an inflection point outside the origin, while the energy density and the electric and magnetic fields get a ringlike profile. We also introduce a procedure to get multiring vortex configurations whose associated solutions engender several inflection points.
Association Between Changes in Postoperative Opioid Utilization and Long-Term Health Care Spending Among Surgical Patients With Chronic Opioid Utilization
Authors: Sun Eric C. , Rishel Chris A. , Jena Anupam B. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
There is growing interest in identifying and developing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of increased, long-term opioid use among surgical patients. While understanding how these interventions impact health care spending has important policy implications and may facilitate the widespread adoption of these interventions, the extent to which they may impact health care spending among surgical patients who utilize opioids chronically is unknown.

METHODS:
This study was a retrospective analysis of administrative health care claims data for privately insured patients. We identified 53,847 patients undergoing 1 of 10 procedures between January 1, 2004, and September 30, 2018 (total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy, cesarean delivery, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, transurethral resection of the prostate, or simple mastectomy) who had chronic opioid utilization (≥10 prescriptions or ≥120-day supply in the year before surgery). Patients were classified into 3 groups based on differences in opioid utilization, measured in average daily oral morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), between the first postoperative year and the year before surgery: “stable” (<20% change), “increasing” (≥20% increase), or “decreasing” (≥20% decrease). We then examined the association between these 3 groups and health care spending during the first postoperative year, using a multivariable regression to adjust for observable confounders, such as patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and preoperative health care utilization.

RESULTS:
The average age of the sample was 62.0 (standard deviation [SD] 13.1) years, and there were 35,715 (66.3%) women. Based on the change in average daily MME between the first postoperative year and the year before surgery, 16,961 (31.5%) patients were classified as “stable,” 15,463 (28.7%) were classified as “increasing,” and 21,423 (39.8%) patients were classified as “decreasing.” After adjusting for potential confounders, “increasing” patients had higher health care spending ($37,437) than “stable” patients ($31,061), a difference that was statistically significant ($6377; 95% confidence interval [CI], $5669–$7084; P < .001), while “decreasing” patients had lower health care spending ($29,990), a difference (–$1070) that was also statistically significant (95% CI, –$1679 to –$462; P = .001). These results were generally consistent across an array of subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with chronic opioid utilization before surgery, subsequent increases in opioid utilization during the first postoperative year were associated with increased health care spending during that timeframe, while subsequent decreases in opioid utilization were associated with decreased health care spending.
TDP-43 promotes tau accumulation and selective neurotoxicity in bigenic Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Latimer Caitlin S. , Stair Jade G. , Hincks Joshua C. , Currey Heather N. , Bird Thomas D. , Keene C. Dirk , Kraemer Brian C. , Liachko Nicole F. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Although amyloid β (Aβ) and tau aggregates define the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), TDP-43 has recently emerged as a co-morbid pathology in more than half of patients with AD. Individuals with concomitant Aβ, tau and TDP-43 pathology experience accelerated cognitive decline and worsened brain atrophy, but the molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 neurotoxicity in AD are unknown. Synergistic interactions among Aβ, tau and TDP-43 may be responsible for worsened disease outcomes. To study the biology underlying this process, we have developed new models of protein co-morbidity using the simple animal Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that TDP-43 specifically enhances tau but not Aβ neurotoxicity, resulting in neuronal dysfunction, pathological tau accumulation and selective neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we find that synergism between tau and TDP-43 is rescued by loss-of-function of the robust tau modifier sut-2. Our results implicate enhanced tau neurotoxicity as the primary driver underlying worsened clinical and neuropathological phenotypes in AD with TDP-43 pathology, and identify cell-type specific sensitivities to co-morbid tau and TDP-43. Determining the relationship between co-morbid TDP-43 and tau is crucial to understand, and ultimately treat, mixed pathology AD.
Prostate MRI quality: clinical impact of the PI-QUAL score in prostate cancer diagnostic work-up
Authors: Karanasios Eleftherios , Caglic Iztok , Zawaideh Jeries P. , Barrett Tristan 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the reproducibility and impact of prostate imaging quality (PI-QUAL) scores in a clinical cohort undergoing prostate multiparametric MRI. Methods: PI-QUAL scores were independently recorded by three radiologists (two senior, one junior). Readers also recorded whether MRI was sufficient to rule-in/out cancer and if repeat imaging was required. Inter-reader agreement was assessed using Cohen’s κ. PI-QUAL scores were further correlated to PI-RADS score, number of biopsy procedures, and need for repeat imaging. Results: Image quality was sufficient (≥PI-QUAL-3) in 237/247 (96%) and optimal (≥PI-QUAL-4) in 206/247 (83%) of males undergoing 3T-MRI. Overall PI-QUAL scores showed moderate inter-reader agreement for senior (K = 0.51) and junior-senior readers (K = 0.47), with DCE showing highest agreement (K = 0.47). With PI-QUAL-5 studies, the negative MRI calls increased from 50 to 87% and indeterminate PI-RADS-3 rates decreased from 31.8. to 10.4% compared to lower quality PI-QUAL-3 studies. More patients with PI-QUAL scores 1–3 underwent biopsy for negative (47%) and indeterminate probability (100%) MRIs compared to PI-QUAL score 4–5 (30 and 75%, respectively). Ability to rule-in cancer increased with PI-QUAL score, from 50% at PI-QUAL 1–2 to 90% for PI-QUAL 4–5, with a similarly, but greater effect for ruling-out cancer and at a lower threshold, from 0% for scans of PI-QUAL 1–2 to 67.1% for PI-QUAL 4 and 100% for PI-QUAL-5. Conclusion: Higher PI-QUAL scores for image quality are associated with decreased uncertainty in MRI decision-making and improved efficiency of diagnostic pathway delivery. Advances in knowledge: This study demonstrates moderate inter-reader agreement for PI-QUAL scoring and validates the score in a clinical setting, showing correlation of image quality to certainty of decision making and clinical outcomes of repeat imaging and biopsy of low-to-intermediate risk cases.
Impact of antiretroviral therapy regimens adherence on perceived health and wellbeing status among adults living with HIV in Ghana
Authors: ADAM AWOLU , FUSHEINI ADAM , AGBOZO FAITH A , ASALU GEOFFREY ADEBAYO , AYANORE MARTIN AMOGRE , AMUNA NORBERT , APPIAH PRINCE KUBI , KLOMEGAH SENAM ABENA , ZOTOR FRANCIS BRUNO 
Published: February 2022

Introduction The efficacy of antiretroviral medicines to improve health outcomes and wellbeing depends largely on how soon they are prescribed and how PLHIV adhere to their prescribed regimens. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to examine adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to assess perceived health and wellbeing among people living with HIV(PLHIV) in two regions in Ghana. Methods Quantitative data were collected from 301 PLHIV at three HIV clinics in Volta and Oti regions in Ghana using descriptive cross-sectional study design. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, ART initiation and adherence, and perception of health and wellbeing and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Demographic and categorical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics while Chi-squared analyses and binary logistics regression were used to determine variables that correlated with adherence to ART regimen. A Mann–Whitney U-test was used to measure differences in perception of health and wellbeing between male and female participants. Results 80% initiated ART within a month following diagnosis and 97.3% reported adhering to their ART regimens consistently. A Pearson χ2 revealed that the availability of alternatives to the current ART medications showed a significant association with ART adherence (χ2 =12.078, p= 0.002). 90% reported improvement in their health and personal wellbeing. High ART adherence and positive perceived health and wellbeing were found. Conclusion Regular supply of ART and investment in LA-ART to ensure more effective, efficient, and stress-free adherence to ART for PLHIV regardless of their residence in the country.
Influences on User Trust in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jermutus Eva , Kneale Dylan , Thomas James , Michie Susan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prominent in domains such as healthcare. It is argued to be transformative through altering the way in which healthcare data is used. The realisation and success of AI depend heavily on people’s trust in its applications. Yet, influences on trust in healthcare AI (HAI) applications so far have been underexplored. The objective of this study was to identify aspects related to users, AI applications and the wider context influencing trust in HAI. Methods: We performed a systematic review to map out influences on user trust in HAI. To identify relevant studies, we searched seven electronic databases in November 2019 (ACM digital library, IEEE Explore, NHS Evidence, ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis Global, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection). Searches were restricted to publications available in English and German. To be included studies had to be empirical; focus on an AI application (excluding robotics) in a health-related setting; and evaluate applications with regards to users. Results: Three studies, one mixed-method and two qualitative studies in English were included. Influences on trust fell into three broad categories: human-related (knowledge, expectation, mental model, self-efficacy, type of user, age, gender), AI-related (data privacy and safety, operational safety, transparency, design, customizability, trialability, explainability, understandability, power-control-balance, benevolence) and context-related (AI company, media, users’ social network). The factors resulted in an updated logic model illustrating the relationship between these aspects. Conclusion: Trust in HAI depends on a variety of factors, both external and internal to AI applications. This study contributes to our understanding of what influences trust in HAI by highlighting key influences, as well as pointing to gaps and issues in existing research on trust and AI. In so doing, it offers a starting point for further investigation of trust environments as well as trustworthy AI applications.
Efficacy of automated hand sanitiser dispensers in a teaching hospital
Authors: Walker Hannah K , Parker K , Gow AG 
Published: February 2022

Background: Alcohol-based hand sanitisers are routinely used in healthcare establishments worldwide to reduce infection transmission. The volume of sanitiser dispensed has been shown to affect the efficacy of the hand hygiene event. Aim: To assess whether the dispensed volume fulfils FDA requirements and if the implementation of a role in maintaining the sanitisers improved dispenser efficacy. Methods: Samples were collected from 15 automated dispensers in a veterinary teaching hospital. Samples were collected daily on 6 consecutive days. This was repeated immediately following the assignment of a role to monitor and service the sanitisers, and again 8 months post implementation of the role. Results: Of the 270 aliquots collected, 54 (20%) and 216 (80%) were <1 ml and >1 ml, respectively. The mean volume dispensed in a single aliquot was significantly different from the target (1.2 ml). The volumes of sanitiser dispensed and the number of aliquots <1 ml did not change significantly between the three time points. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a high risk of inadequate hand sanitation when using automated dispensers, as a result of the inadequate volumes dispensed. Using dispensers automated to dispense larger volumes of sanitiser and encouraging self-reporting of perceived malfunctions may reduce these risks more than implementing a dispenser servicing role.
Superiority of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate over entecavir for serum HBsAg level reduction in patients with chronic HBV infection: A 144-week outcome study after switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog
Authors: Uchida Yoshihito , Nakao Masamitsu , Yamada Shunsuke , Tsuji Shohei , Uemura Hayato , Kouyama Jun-ichi , Naiki Kayoko , Sugawara Kayoko , Nakayama Nobuaki , Imai Yukinori , Tomiya Tomoaki , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

Background
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog used for treatment from entecavir (ETV) to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods
A total of 103 patients with serum HBsAg levels of ≥100 IU/mL who had received ETV were enrolled. The nucleos(t)ide analog used for the treatment was switched from ETV to TAF, and the changes in serum HBsAg levels during the 144-week period before and after the drug switching were compared in 74 patients who had received ETV at least for 192 weeks.

Results
Significant decreases of serum HBsAg levels were observed during both the ETV and the TAF administration period, although the degree of reduction was greater during the latter period than during the former period (P<0.001). Significant decreases of serum HBsAg levels were seen in both patients with genotype B HBV infection and genotype C HBV infection, irrespective of the serum HBsAg and HBcrAg levels at the time of the drug switching.

Conclusion
Switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog used for treatment from ETV to TAF merits consideration in patients with chronic HBV infection, since the extent of reduction of the serum HBsAg level was greater during the TAF treatment period than during the ETV treatment period.
Evaluating the detection ability of a range of epistasis detection methods on simulated data for pure and impure epistatic models
Authors: Russ Dominic , Williams John A. , Cardoso Victor Roth , Bravo-Merodio Laura , Pendleton Samantha C. , Aziz Furqan , Acharjee Animesh , Gkoutos Georgios V. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Numerous approaches have been proposed for the detection of epistatic interactions within GWAS datasets in order to better understand the drivers of disease and genetics.

Methods
A selection of state-of-the-art approaches were assessed. These included the statistical tests, fast-epistasis, BOOST, logistic regression and wtest; swarm intelligence methods, namely AntEpiSeeker, epiACO and CINOEDV; and data mining approaches, including MDR, GSS, SNPRuler and MPI3SNP. Data were simulated to provide randomly generated models with no individual main effects at different heritabilities (pure epistasis) as well as models based on penetrance tables with some main effects (impure epistasis). Detection of both two and three locus interactions were assessed across a total of 1,560 simulated datasets. The different methods were also applied to a section of the UK biobank cohort for Atrial Fibrillation.

Results
For pure, two locus interactions, PLINK’s implementation of BOOST recovered the highest number of correct interactions, with 53.9% and significantly better performing than the other methods (p = 4.52e − 36). For impure two locus interactions, MDR exhibited the best performance, recovering 62.2% of the most significant impure epistatic interactions (p = 6.31e − 90 for all but one test). The assessment of three locus interaction prediction revealed that wtest recovered the highest number (17.2%) of pure epistatic interactions(p = 8.49e − 14). wtest also recovered the highest number of three locus impure epistatic interactions (p = 6.76e − 48) while AntEpiSeeker ranked as the most significant the highest number of such interactions (40.5%). Finally, when applied to a real dataset for Atrial Fibrillation, most notably finding an interaction between SYNE2 and DTNB.