bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholera epidemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Moroto district, Uganda: Hurdles and opportunities for control
Authors: Orishaba Philip , Opollo Marc Sam , Nalwadda Christine , Muruta Allan , Makumbi Issa , Kabali Kenneth , Nakinsige Anne , Lotee Phillip , Okware Samuel I. , Bwire Godfrey 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
On 21st March 2020, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Uganda and a COVID-19 pandemic declared. On the same date, a nationwide lockdown was instituted in response to the pandemic. Subsequently, more cases were detected amongst the returning international travelers as the disease continued to spread across the country. On May 14th, 2020, a cholera epidemic was confirmed in Moroto district at a time when the district had registered several COVID-19 cases and was in lockdown. This study aimed to describe the cholera epidemic and response activities during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the hurdles and opportunities for cholera control encountered during the response.

Materials and methods
In a cross-sectional study design, we reviewed Moroto district’s weekly epidemiological records on cholera and COVID-19 from April to July 2020. We obtained additional information through a review of the outbreak investigation and control reports. Data were analyzed and presented in frequencies, proportions, attack rates, case fatality rates, graphs, and maps.

Results
As of June 28th, 2020, 458 cases presenting with severe diarrhea and/or vomiting were line listed in Moroto district. The most affected age group was 15–30 years, 30.1% (138/458). The females, 59.0% [270/458], were the majority. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 0.4% (2/458). Whereas home use of contaminated water following the vandalization of the only clean water source in Natapar Kocuc village, Moroto district, could have elicited the epidemic, implementing COVID-19 preventive and control measures presented some hurdles and opportunities for cholera control. The significant hurdles were observing the COVID-19 control measures such as social distancing, wearing of masks, and limited time in the community due to the need to observe curfew rules starting at 6.00 pm. The opportunities from COVID-19 measures complementary to cholera control measures included frequent hand washing, travel restrictions within the district & surrounding areas, and closure of markets.

Conclusion
COVID-19 preventive and control measures such as social distancing, wearing of masks, and curfew rules may be a hurdle to cholera control whereas frequent hand washing, travel restrictions within the district & surrounding areas, and closure of markets may present opportunities for cholera control. Other settings experiencing concurrent cholera and COVID-19 outbreaks can borrow lessons from this study.
A systematic review and quality appraisal of the economic evaluations of schistosomiasis interventions
Authors: Uzoegbo Sharon C. , Jackson Louise J. , Bloch Sonja C. M. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects over 230 million people in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and can lead to long-term debilitating health effects. It is associated with impoverishment and has been prioritised by the World Health Organization for prevention, control and elimination. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate existing economic evaluations of interventions to tackle schistosomiasis.

Methodology
A comprehensive search strategy of four databases and additional hand-searching was employed on the 17th July 2020. The articles were screened and sorted using a two-stage classification system. Full economic evaluations published in English between 1st January 1998 and 17th July 2020 were included, and methodological quality was appraised using the international decision support initiative (iDSI), Phillips and Evers checklists.

Results
Eighteen economic evaluations were identified, nine trial-based and nine model-based, with the majority focused on preventative chemotherapy. Schistosomiasis interventions were collectively found to be cost-effective, but the quantity and quality of studies were limited. The outcome measures and time-horizons utilised varied substantially making comparison difficult. The majority of papers failed to address equity and affordability.

Conclusion
Several methodological issues were highlighted which might have implications for optimal decision-making. Future research is needed to ensure the standardisation of methods, in order to ensure that scarce healthcare resources are focused on the most cost-effective programmes to tackle schistosomiasis and other NTDs.
Effect of HIV status and antiretroviral treatment on treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in a rural primary healthcare clinic in South Africa
Authors: Nyasulu Peter S. , Ngasama Emery , Tamuzi Jacques L. , Sigwadhi Lovemore N. , Ozougwu Lovelyn U. , Nhandara Ruvimbo B. C. , Ayele Birhanu T. , Umanah Teye , Ncayiyana Jabulani 
Published: October 2022

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals in South Africa. Despite the implementation of HIV/TB integration services at primary healthcare facility level, the effect of HIV on TB treatment outcomes has not been well investigated. To provide evidence base for TB treatment outcome improvement to meet End TB Strategy goal, we assessed the effect of HIV status on treatment outcomes of TB patients at a rural clinic in the Ugu Health District, South Africa.

Methods
We reviewed medical records involving a cohort of 508 TB patients registered for treatment between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 at rural public sector clinic in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Data were extracted from National TB Programme clinic cards and the TB case registers routinely maintained at study sites. The effect of HIV status on TB treatment outcomes was determined by using multinomial logistic regression. Estimates used were relative risk ratio (RRR) at 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results
A total of 506 patients were included in the analysis. Majority of the patients (88%) were new TB cases, 70% had pulmonary TB and 59% were co-infected with HIV. Most of HIV positive patients were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (90% (n = 268)). About 82% had successful treatment outcome (cured 39.1% (n = 198) and completed treatment (42.9% (n = 217)), 7% (n = 39) died 0.6% (n = 3) failed treatment, 3.9% (n = 20) defaulted treatment and the rest (6.6% (n = 33)) were transferred out of the facility. Furthermore, HIV positive patients had a higher mortality rate (9.67%) than HIV negative patients (2.91%)”. Using completed treatment as reference, HIV positive patients not on ART relative to negative patients were more likely to have unsuccessful outcomes [RRR, 5.41; 95%CI, 2.11–13.86].

Conclusions
When compared between HIV status, HIV positive TB patients were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome in rural primary care. Antiretroviral treatment seems to have had no effect on the likelihood of TB treatment success in rural primary care. The TB mortality rate in HIV positive patients, on the other hand, was higher than in HIV negative patients emphasizing the need for enhanced integrated management of HIV/TB in rural South Africa through active screening of TB among HIV positive individuals and early access to ART among HIV positive TB cases.
Transition from BOS to RAS impairs prognosis after lung transplantation—CLAD subtype analysis by CT volumetry
Authors: Peräkylä Laura , Nykänen Antti , Piilonen Anneli , Kesävuori Risto , Halme Maija , Raivio Peter 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), subclassified into bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) or restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), limits survival after lung transplantation. Information concerning transition from BOS to RAS is limited. We aimed to characterize the lung volume change after BOS diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) volumetry and to determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical significance of BOS to RAS transition.MethodsCT volumetry measurements were performed from 63 patients with CLAD initially classified as BOS by CT volumetry. BOS patients with lung volume remaining >85% of baseline were classified as persistent BOS, whereas BOS patients whose lung volume permanently decreased to ≤85% of baseline were classified as BOS to RAS transition.ResultsDuring follow-up (median 9.8 years) eight patients (12.7%) were classified as BOS to RAS transition, which decreased recipient (p = 0.004) and graft survival (p = 0.020) in comparison to patients with persistent BOS. Opacities on chest imaging preceded BOS to RAS transition in 88% of patients. Opacities on chest imaging at BOS diagnosis and early CLAD diagnosis after transplantation were risk factors for transition.ConclusionBased on lung volume decrease measured by CT volumetry, a small proportion of BOS patients transitioned to RAS which had an adverse effect on recipient and graft survival.
Biennale de l’Image en Mouvement (Biennial of Moving Image) ’21: A Goodbye Letter, A Love Song, A Wake-Up Call, curated by DIS and Andrea Bellini
Authors: Walsh Maria 
Published: October 2022

Biennale de l’Image en Mouvement (Biennial of Moving Image) ’21: A Goodbye Letter, A Love Song, A Wake-Up Call, curated by DIS and Andrea Bellini
Centre d’Art Contemporain Genève, Geneva, 12 November 2021–20 February 2022
Reversal of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension After Immunosuppressive Treatment in a Patient With Sarcoidosis
Authors: Yardeni David , Hercun Julian , Rodriguez Gracia Viana , Fontana Joseph R. , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease which features non-necrotizing granulomas in lungs and other organs. Hepatic involvement in sarcoidosis varies between a mild asymptomatic disease and a progressive inflammatory granulomatous disease with or without cirrhosis. In this case presentation, we present a case of hepatic sarcoidosis complicated by clinically significant portal hypertension including splenomegaly and gastroesophageal varices successfully treated with immunosuppression to achieve portal hypertension reversal.
m-isometric generalised derivations
Authors: Duggal B.P. , Kim I.H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven Banach space operatorsAi,Bi(i= 1, 2), letδidenote (the generalised derivation)δi(X) = (LAi−RBi)(X) =AiX−XBi. If 0 ∈ σa(Bi),i= 1, 2, and ifΔδ1,δ2n(I)=(Lδ1Rδ1-I)n(I)=0\Delta _{{\delta _1},\delta 2}^n\left( I \right) = {\left( {{L_{{\delta _1}}}{R_{{\delta _1}}} - I} \right)^n}\left( I \right) = 0, thenΔA1,A2n(I)=0\Delta _{{A_1},A2}^n\left( I \right) = 0. For Hilbert space pairs (A,B) such that 0 ∈ σa(B*) andΔδ*,δn(I)=0(i.e., δ is n-isometric)\Delta _{{\delta ^*},\delta }^n\left( I \right) = 0\left( {i.e.,\,\delta \,is\,n - isometric} \right), whereδ=δA,Bandδ*=δA*,B*, this impliesΔA*,An(I)=0\Delta _{{A^*},A}^n\left( I \right) = 0(and hence there exists a positivie integerm≤nsuch thatAis strictlym-isometric). IfΔδ*,δn(I)=0\Delta _{{\delta ^*},\delta }^n\left( I \right) = 0, then there exists a scalar λ such that 0 ∈ σa((B− λI)*) and, given δ is strictlyn-isometric, there exists a positive integerm≤nsuch thatA− λIis strictlym-isometric. Furthermore, there exist decompositions ℋ = ℋ1⊕ ℋ2and ℋ = ℋ11⊕ ℋ22of ℋ andti-nilpotent operatorsNi(i= 1, 2) such that eitherA−λI=αI+N1andB−λI= (0I|ℋ1⊕ 2eitI|ℋ2) +N2, or,A−λI=αI+N1,α=eit, 0 ≤t< 2π, andB−λI= (0I|ℋ11⊕ 2eitI|ℋ22) +N2, or,A−λ= (α1I|ℋ1⊕α2I|ℋ2) +N1andBλ= (0I|ℋ11⊕μI|ℋ22) +N2, whereμ=eit|μ|, 0 ≤t< 2π, 0 < |μ| < 2,α1=eit|μ|+i4-|μ|22{\alpha _1} = {e^{it}}{{\left| \mu \right| + i\sqrt {4 - {{\left| \mu \right|}^2}} } \over 2}andα2=eit|μ|-i4-|μ|22{\alpha _2} = {e^{it}}{{\left| \mu \right| - i\sqrt {4 - {{\left| \mu \right|}^2}} } \over 2}.
Educational Robotics: Evaluating the Role of Computational Thinking in Attaining 21st Century Skills
Authors: Amri Saehful , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan , Fenyvesi Kristof , Yuana Rosihan Ari , Widiastuti Indah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Educational Robotics (ER) has gained prominence in the literature on Computational Thinking (CT) because of its modularity, a feature that potentially facilitates the development of abstract thinking through complex robotic parts. The field of robotics encompasses the characteristics of technology, intelligence, embodiment, and interaction, and these characteristics can serve as means of instruction for CT. Essential 21st Century Skills include decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and the use of algorithms; which are fundamental to effective problem-solving skills. Although CT is believed to be the key to developing 21st Century Skills, its role in doing so is significantly underexplored. This paper investigates the influence of CT ability on students’ efficacy in imbibing 21st Century Skills. The study implemented a qualitative case study design, in which students of an Indonesian vocationaleducation school were engaged in ER activities. CT skills and the associated 21st Century Skills were evaluated through several phases of observation and interviews. The findings reveal that CT paves the way for the development of 21st Century Skills. Analysing the development of CT can be a major way in which individuals are empowered to take full advantage of the developments brought about by rapid changes in technology.
Opportunities for 3D printing in Hybrid Education
Authors: Budinski Natalija , Lavicza Zsolt , Houghton Tony 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present 3D printing examples that we developed and unitized for hybrid teaching during the global pandemic. We highlight the benefits of 3D printing in classrooms and opportunities for developing different knowledge and skills, starting from mathematical and technological knowledge to communication and collaboration skills. During our activities, we used GeoGebra for 3D printing preparations, it was also utilized for online students’ activities, while supporting theoretical background students gained in real classrooms. Since 3D printing technology in the classroom is at its beginnings, the presented observations are highlighting teaching new kinds of strategies supported by 3D printing.
Geographical determinants and hotspots of out-of-school children in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Richard , Alabede Opeyemi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Nigeria, children lack access to primary school education, and this hinders their social, cognitive, emotional, and physical skills’ development. With one in every five of the world’s out-of-school children in Nigeria, achieving universal primary education by 2030 remains a challenge. Several studies have investigated the factors that have led to an increase in out-of-school children (OOSC); however, these studies are based on individual level and household predictors with little evidence on the geographical determinants. Hence, this study examines the relationship between OOSC and the socio-economic attributes of the geographical location where they reside. Findings of the spatial analysis show that Sokoto, Zamfara, Yobe, Taraba, and Plateau are the hotspots of out-of-school children. The result further reveals that there is spatial variation in the predictors of out-of-school children in the country. Poverty and internally generated revenue (IGR) predict more cases of school non-attendance in northern Nigeria while foreign direct investment determines the number of children that are out-of-school in the southern region. The study recommends spatially explicit policies to reduce the number of OOSC in Nigeria.
New soliton waves and modulation instability analysis for a metamaterials model via the integration schemes
Authors: Gu Yongyi , Manafian Jalil , Mahmoud Mustafa Z. , Ghafel Sukaina Tuama , Ilhan Onur Alp 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the exact analytical solutions to the generalized Schrödinger equation are investigated. The Schrodinger type equations bearing nonlinearity are the important models that flourished with the wide-ranging arena concerning plasma physics, nonlinear optics, fluid-flow, and the theory of deep-water waves, etc. In this exploration, the soliton and other traveling wave solutions in an appropriate form to the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation by means of the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method, tan(Γ(ϖ))-expansion method, and the improved cos(Γ(ϖ)) function method are obtained. The suggested model of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation is turned into a differential ordinary equation of a single variable through executing some operations. One soliton, periodic, and singular wave solutions to this important equation in physics are reached. The periodic solutions are expressed in terms of the rational functions. Soliton solutions are obtained from them as a particular case. The obtained solutions are figured out in the profiles of 2D, density, and 3D plots by assigning suitable values of the involved unknown constants. Modulation instability (MI) is employed to discuss the stability of got solutions. These various graphical appearances enable the researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of intricate phenomena of the leading equation. The individual performances of the employed methods are praiseworthy which deserves further application to unravel any other nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) arising in various branches of sciences. The proposed methodologies for resolving NLPDEs have been designed to be effectual, unpretentious, expedient, and manageable.
Migration aus dem Vorderen Orient
Authors: Rammelt Claudia 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel nimmt Migrationsbewegungen vor allem der Christinnen und Christen in den Blick, die durch das Erstarken des sog. IS ausgelöst worden sind. Durch sie werden die Folgen migratorischer Bewegungen für die christliche Landschaft in den Ländern des Nahen Ostens selbst, genauso Veränderungen innerhalb der religiösen Landschaft in Deutschland offensichtlich. Diese Entwicklungen fordern ökumenisches Nachdenken heraus.
Migration und Mission aus freikirchlicher Sicht
Authors: Kißkalt Michael 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
In den freikirchlichen Kontexten in Deutschland haben sich in den letzten Jahren bzw. Jahrzehnten eine Reihe von Migrationsgemeinden entwickelt. Am Beispiel des Bundes Evangelisch-Freikirchlicher Gemeinden wird deutlich, dass die Integration dieser oft sehr missionarischen Gemeinden sowohl strukturell als auch theologisch gut gelingt, auch wenn es eine Reihe von Herausforderungen gibt, die man gemeinsam angehen muss. Bei gelingender Integration werden sich die Freikirchen auf die Dauer verändern.
Oxygen-supplied electrotherapy for enhanced photodynamic synergistic therapy overcomes hypoxia tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Chaozhou , Tan Hui , Lu Ruitao , Qin Sainan , Meng Xiangying , Zhang Han , Xie Zhongjian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has lately been identified as a promising anticancer method and gained tremendous interest due to its controllability, non-invasive nature, and negligible side effects. Nevertheless, the development of PDT is hampered by two factors. One is the insufficient tissue penetration of phototherapy laser, resulting in restricted treatment sites. Another one is the substantial dependence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation on oxygen concentration. Therefore, a strategy to promote ROS generation by overcoming the hypoxia microenvironment is critical to cancer therapy. Electrolysis of water is known to be a rapid and relatively secure method for producing oxygen. Thus, in this study, electrotherapy was introduced to alleviate the tumor hypoxia by producing oxygen in situ, hence boosting the PDT efficacy, namely E-PDT. Black phosphorus (BP) based nanomaterials were selected as clearable photosensitizers with outstanding PDT performance. Experiments conducted both in vitro and in vivo indicated that E-PDT performed superior therapeutic effects with the in situ generation of oxygen by electrotherapy compared with other groups. This work suggests a promising strategy for phototherapeutic anticancer efficiency enhancement.
Performance and overall evaluation of nano-alumina-modified asphalt mixture
Authors: Cao Yangsen , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Song Wenjia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The performance of asphalt mixture affects the service of pavement. Nano-alumina was employed as asphalt mixture modification to improve pavement performances. Properties of asphalt mixtures including high-temperature properties, low-temperature properties, water stability properties, and fatigue properties were investigated through rutting tests, dynamic creep tests, low-temperature bending tests, indirect tensile tests, Marshall stability tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, and indirect tensile fatigue tests. Considering the various performance of nano-alumina-modified asphalt mixture, the optimization decision was made based on 21 sets of performance data, and the optimal dosage of nano-alumina was further clarified. The results demonstrate that nano-alumina improved all properties of asphalt mixtures, except for low-temperature properties. The decision revealed that the performance of the modified asphalt mixture was the most balanced when the content of nano-alumina is 9%. When the optimal dosage of nano-alumina was 9%, the dynamic stability of the asphalt mixture at 60°C was increased by 34.2%, the cumulative permanent strain was reduced by 36.5–49.5%, the water stability performance was improved by 8.3–19.5%, and the fatigue performance was improved by 3.8–7.2%. However, the low-temperature flexural tensile strain was reduced by 2.1% but still meets the specification requirements. Nano-alumina can be used to modify asphalt pavement materials in high-temperature and rainy areas.
Psoriasis with special reference to Unani medicine – A review
Authors: Khatoon Faiza , Husain Nazim , Jabeen Arzeena , Uddin Qamar , Azahar Mohd , Qureshi Arshad , Khan Asif Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground. Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder that affects about 125 million people worldwide. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop inflammatory arthritis, cardiometabolic disease, and mental health issues. Psoriasis remains incurable and recurrent despite the availability of contemporary treatments. Unani (Greco-Arabic) medicine has its unique concept of psoriasis; numerous treatments and formulations are prescribed by renowned Unani scholars.Objective. This study sought to provide an understanding of psoriasis in conventional medicine, as well as clinically equivalent conditions documented by ancient Unani academics in their writings, such as Rūfas, Jālinūs, Rāzī, Ibn Sīna, Majūsi, Ibn-i Zuhr, Ibn al- Quf, and Ibn-i Hubal Baghdādi.Methods. The Unani classical literature was researched manually and online for this purpose. PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were utilized to assemble all the classic and contemporary psoriasis disease-related literature.Results. Since antiquity, Unani scholars have advocated ‘Ilāj bi’l Ghiḍhā (diet therapy), ‘Ilāj bi’l- Tadbīr (regimenal therapy), ‘Ilāj bi’l Dawā (drug therapy) to treat disorders clinically comparable to psoriasis.Conclusion. This study provided a comprehensive evaluation of existing psoriasis knowledge, with an emphasis on Unani medicine, which may be valuable for generating integrated hypotheses to treat the psoriasis challenge.