bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement for patients with bicuspid aortic valve: a single-centre experience
Authors: Coti Iuliana , Werner Paul , Kaider Alexandra , Mach Markus , Kocher Alfred , Laufer Guenther , Andreas Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The benefit of rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement (RD-AVR) in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is controversial due to aortic root asymmetry and potential increased risk for valve dislocation and paravalvular leak. This study aimed to analyse the outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement with a rapid-deployment bioprosthesis in patients with a BAV.

METHODS
Between May 2010 and December 2020, all consecutive patients who underwent RD-AVR at the Medical University of Vienna were included in our institutional database. Assessment of preoperative characteristics, operative outcomes, long-term survival and clinical events was performed. The outcomes of patients presenting with a native BAV were compared with a control group of patients with native tricuspid valve (TAV); reoperative aortic valve replacements were excluded.

RESULTS
Out of 816 patients, who underwent RD-AVR at our institution, 107 patients with a BAV, mean age 68 (standard deviation: 8) years, were compared with a control group of 690 patients with a TAV, mean age 74 (standard deviation: 7) years; patients presenting with a BAV were significantly younger than patients with a TAV (P &lt; 0.001). Concomitant procedures were performed in 44 (41.1%) patients in the BAV group and in 339 (49.1%) patients in the TAV group (P = 0.123); surgery of the ascending aorta was necessary in 24 (22.4%) in the BAV group, compared with 29 (4.2%) in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence of moderate-to-severe paravalvular regurgitation in the BAV group was 10.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2–20.7%] and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.4–6.1%) in the TAV group (P = 0.057). Reoperation with valve explantation due to non-structural valve dysfunction at 5 years was 2.8% (95% CI: 0.5–8.8%) in the BAV group, compared to 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0–3.2%) in the TAV cohort (P = 0.89). The overall long-term survival rate in the BAV group was 92% (95% CI: 81–97%) at 5 years and 88% (95% CI: 73–95%), at 10 years, significantly better compared to the TAV group (log-rank test P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
RD-AVR can be performed in patients with a BAV with convincingly medical outcomes. However, a trend to increased frequency of moderate–severe paravalvular regurgitation was observed at long-term follow-up. Consequently, a different surgical approach, compared to tricuspid valves, with distinctly specific technical- and anatomical considerations and requirements, is recommended.
Validation of seismic velocity models in southern California with full-waveform simulations
Authors: Lu Y , Ben-Zion Y 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
Crustal seismic velocity models provide essential information for many applications including earthquake source properties, simulations of ground motion and related derivative products. We present a systematic workflow for assessing the accuracy of velocity models with full-waveform simulations. The framework is applied to four regional seismic velocity models for southern California: CVM-H15.11, CVM-S4.26, CVM-S4.26.M01 that includes a shallow geotechnical layer, and the model of Berg et al. For each model, we perform 3-D viscoelastic wave propagation simulations for 48 virtual seismic noise sources (down to 2 s) and 44 moderate-magnitude earthquakes (down to 2 s generally and 0.5 s for some cases) assuming a minimum shear wave velocity of 200 m s–1. The synthetic waveforms are compared with observations associated with both earthquake records and noise cross-correlation data sets. We measure, at multiple period bands for well-isolated seismic phases, traveltime delays and normalized zero-lag cross-correlation coefficients between the synthetic and observed data. The obtained measurements are summarized using the mean absolute derivation of time delay and the mean correlation coefficient. These two metrics provide reliable statistical representations of model quality with consistent results in all data sets. In addition to assessing the overall (average) performance of different models in the entire study area, we examine spatial variations of the models’ quality. All examined models show good phase and waveform agreements for surface waves at periods longer than 5 s, and discrepancies at shorter periods reflecting small-scale heterogeneities and near-surface structures. The model performing best overall is CVM-S4.26.M01. The largest misfits for both body and surface waves are in basin structures and around large fault zones. Inaccuracies generated in these areas may affect tomography and model simulation results at other regions. The seismic velocity models for southern California can be improved by adding better resolved structural representations of the shallow crust and volumes around the main faults.
False lumen being larger than true lumen is associated with late aortic events in uncomplicated type B aortic dissection
Authors: Matsushita Akihito , Tabata Minoru , Hattori Takashi , Mihara Wahei , Sato Yasunori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In uncomplicated type B aortic dissection, a large false lumen (FL) is reportedly a risk factor for late aortic events. However, it is unclear how the relationship between the false and true lumen (TL) diameters affects the dissected aorta. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes of the FL being larger than the TL.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 111 consecutive patients with uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection between 2004 and 2018. We divided the patients into group A (FL &gt; TL; n = 51) and group B (FL ≤ TL; n = 60), and compared the outcomes. The endpoints were aortic events, including surgery for aortic dissection and indication for surgery, and mortality.

RESULTS
The 5-year incidence rates of aortic events were 68.4% in Group A and 33.6% in Group B (P = 0.002). The 5-year all-cause mortality rates were 5.3% in Group A and 21.9% in Group B (P = 0.003). The multivariable analyses revealed that FL &gt; TL was an independent factor associated with aortic events (adjusted hazard ratio 2.482, 95% confidence interval 1.467–4.198, P &lt; 0.001), but had low mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.209, 95% confidence interval 0.073–0.597, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with uncomplicated type B aortic dissection with FL &gt; TL at admission are at increased risk of aortic events but improve mortality compared to patients with FL ≤ TL.

Clinical trial registration
UMIN000036997.
Mild Ill-Posedness inL∞ for 2D Resistive MHD Equations Near a Background Magnetic Field
Authors: Wu Jiahong , Zhao Jiefeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe global well-posedness on the 2D resistive MHD equations without kinematic dissipation remains an outstanding open problem. This is a critical problem. Any $L^p$-norm of the vorticity $\omega $ with $1\le p&lt;\infty $ has been shown to be bounded globally (in time), but whether the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ is globally bounded remains elusive. The global boundedness of $\|\omega \|_{L^\infty }$ yields the resolution of the aforementioned open problem. This paper examines the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ from a different perspective. We construct a sequence of initial data near a special steady state to show that the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ is actually mildly ill-posed.
Exploring the Human and Animal Relationship in the Hebrew Bible Through the Blood Prohibition
Authors: Sabo Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that the primary purpose of the blood prohibition in the Hebrew Bible is not to reflect ethical sensitivity toward animals; rather, it is part of an anthropocentric ideology that promotes both human ascendancy over, and kinship with, animals. The blood prohibition places a high value on animal life, but it does this to justify, and socially authorize, the eating of animals while simultaneously alleviating the deeply embedded human guilt over killing them. To display this, I contrast how animals and blood function in the Priestly texts of the Hebrew Bible versus the non-Priestly texts—focusing on the primeval history of Genesis and the book of Leviticus. Most tellingly, the non-Priestly material in the primeval history contains no blood prohibition and thus does not contain the profound ambivalence toward animals and eating them that the Priestly material does.
Field Assessment of Oryzophagus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Preference and Performance on Selected Rice Cultivars
Authors: de Bastos Pazini Juliano , Dionei Grützmacher Anderson , Júnior Seidel Enio , Costa Padilha Aline , Felisberto da Silva Fernando , Bernardi Daniel , Orrin Way Michael , da Silva Martins José Francisco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plant resistance is a key strategy for the management of Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an important pest in South American rice paddies. The present study investigated the resistance of rice cultivars in terms of feeding and oviposition preference, growth, development, and biological performance of O. oryzae under natural conditions of field infestation during two consecutive rice seasons. There were no effects of the six cultivars on the feeding and oviposition preferences of O. oryzae as evaluated 5, 8, and 11 d After Flooding (DAF) of the plots, indicating the absence of antixenosis. Cultivars did not differ in terms of egg viability and larval density of first instars on the roots at 15 DAF. Significant differences were found 25 and 35 DAF when larval density per sample was high on ‘BRS Pampa CL’ (up to 24.5), intermediate on ‘BRS Querência’ and ‘BRS Ligeirinho’ (up to 16.1), and low on ‘BRS Atalanta’, ‘BRS Firmeza’, and ‘Dawn’ (up to 8.8). The cultivars ‘BRS Atalanta’, ‘BRS Firmeza’, and ‘Dawn’ caused malnutrition and inhibition of larval growth. These effects, typical of antibiosis, resulted in delayed pupation and emergence of adults; in addition, emerged females had body weight decreased strongly. The cultivars BRS Pampa CL, BRS Querência, and BRS Ligeirinho are susceptible, resulting in high larval populations and more suitable development of O. oryzae; antibiosis, as indicated for ‘BRS Atalanta’, ‘BRS Firmeza’, and ‘Dawn’, probably is the key mechanism of rice resistance to O. oryzae.
Detection of Trypansoma cruzi in Kissing Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Collected Across Oklahoma
Authors: Allen Kelly E , Lineberry Megan W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans and dogs in the Americas. Transmission predominantly occurs via the feces of infected kissing bugs (Hemiptera: family Reduviidae; subfamily Triatominae) contaminating bite site wounds or mucous membranes. To better understand Chagas disease entomologic risk in Oklahoma, kissing bugs collected from within the state were tested for T. cruzi DNA. Data including county of insect collection, species and instar, and specific locations where specimens were found were collated. Triatomines were also tested by PCR to potentially identify DNA of vertebrate species on which specimens had recently fed. In total, 110 kissing bugs from 22 counties were tested. All triatomines were identified as Triatoma sanguisuga nymphs or adults, with the exception of one possible T. lecticularia adult. Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was detected in 22 (20%) triatomines from 12 counties spanning the state. The majority of T. cruzi PCR positive kissing bugs were found inside homes or associated structures (i.e., garages, porches). Vertebrate DNA was identified in 27 (24.5%) triatomines, with human DNA detected in 25 (92.6%) of these specimens, and canine and raccoon DNA detected in one specimen each (3.7%). Two specimens tested positive for both T. cruzi and human DNA and one specimen tested positive for both T. cruzi and raccoon DNA. Results from this study indicate that kissing bugs carrying T. cruzi are widespread in Oklahoma, that positive kissing bugs infest homes and associated structures, and that human-vector, canine-vector, and wildlife-vector contact all occur within the state.
Biology and Clinical Implications of Fecal Occult Blood Test Screen-Detected Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mendis Shehara , Hong Wei , Ananda Sumitra , Faragher Ian , Jones Ian , Croxford Matthew , Steel Malcolm , Jalali Azim , Gard Grace , To Yat Hang , Lee Margaret , Kosmider Suzanne , Wong Rachel , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)–based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) reduces mortality, with earlier stage at diagnosis a prominent feature. Other characteristics of FOBT screen-detected cancers and any implications for clinical management have not been well explored.

Methods
We examined a multisite clinical registry to compare the characteristics and outcomes of FOBT screen-detected CRC via the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), which is offered biennially to individuals aged 50-74 years, and age-matched non-screen-detected CRC in the same registry. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using the Baptista-Pike method, and hazard ratios via the log-rank method.

Results
Of 7153 registry patients diagnosed June 1, 2006, to June 30, 2020, 4142 (57.9%) were aged between 50 and 74 years. Excluding 406 patients with non-NBCSP screen-detected cancers and 35 patients with unknown method of detection, 473 (12.8%) were screen detected via the NBCSP, and 3228 (87.2%) were non-screen detected. Screen-detected patients were younger (mean age = 62.4 vs 64.2 years; P &lt; .001) and more medically fit (OR for ASA score 1-2 = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51 to 2.41; P &lt; .001). Pathologic characteristics within each stage favored the screen-detected patients. Stage III screen-detected colon cancers were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.52 to 8.36; P = .002). Screen-detected patients had superior relapse-free (hazard ratio = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.60; P &lt; .001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.35; P &lt; .001), which was maintained in matched stage comparisons and multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Beyond stage at diagnosis, multiple other factors associated with a favorable outcome are observed in FOBT screen-detected CRC. Given the substantial stage-by-stage differences in survival outcomes, if independently confirmed, individualized adjuvant therapy and surveillance strategies could be warranted for FOBT screen-detected cancers.
Cultivating Collaborative Resilience to Social and Ecological Change: An Assessment of Adaptive Capacity, Actions, and Barriers Among Collaborative Forest Restoration Groups in the United States
Authors: Beeton Tyler A , Cheng Antony S , Colavito Melanie M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Collaboration is increasingly emphasized as a tool to realize national-level policy goals in public lands management. Yet, collaborative governance regimes (CGRs) are nested within traditional bureaucracies and are affected by internal and external disruptions. The extent to which CGRs adapt and remain resilient to these disruptions remains under-explored. Here, we distill insights from an assessment of the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) projects and other CGRs. We asked (1) how do CGRs adapt to disruptions? and (2) what barriers constrained CGR resilience? Our analysis is informed by a synthesis of the literature, case examples and exemplars from focus groups, and a national CFLRP survey. CGRs demonstrated the ability to mobilize social capital, learning, resources, and flexibility to respond to disruptions. Yet authority, accountability, and capacity complicated collaborative resilience. We conclude with policy and practice recommendations to cultivate collaborative resilience moving forward.
Cosmic rays from massive star clusters: a close look at Westerlund 1
Authors: Bhadra Sourav , Gupta Siddhartha , Nath Biman B , Sharma Prateek 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the effect of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in the massive compact star cluster Westerlund 1 in light of its recent detection in γ-rays. Recent observations reveal a 1/r radial distribution of the CR energy density. Here, we theoretically investigate whether or not this profile can help to distinguish between (1) continuous CR acceleration in the star cluster stellar wind-driven shocks and (2) discrete CR acceleration in multiple supernovae (SNe) shocks – which are often debated in the literature. Using idealized two-fluid simulations and exploring different acceleration sites and diffusion coefficients, we obtain the CR energy density profile and luminosity to find the best match for the γ-ray observations. We find that the inferred CR energy density profiles from observations of γ-ray luminosity and mass can be much different from the true radial profile. CR acceleration at either the cluster core region or the wind termination shock can explain the observations, if the diffusion coefficient is κcr ∼ 1027 cm2 s−1 and a fraction of ${\approx}10-20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the shock power/post-shock pressure is deposited into the CR component. We also study the possibility of discrete SNe explosions being responsible for CR acceleration and find that with an injection rate of 1 SN in every ∼0.03 Myr, one can explain the observed γ-ray profile. This multiple SN scenario is consistent with X-ray observations only if the thermal conductivity is close to the Spitzer value.
Benchmarking of a Bayesian single cell RNAseq differential gene expression test for dose–response study designs
Authors: Nault Rance , Saha Satabdi , Bhattacharya Sudin , Dodson Jack , Sinha Samiran , Maiti Tapabrata , Zacharewski Tim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) for the evaluation of chemicals, drugs, and food contaminants presents the opportunity to consider cellular heterogeneity in pharmacological and toxicological responses. Current differential gene expression analysis (DGEA) methods focus primarily on two group comparisons, not multi-group dose–response study designs used in safety assessments. To benchmark DGEA methods for dose–response scRNAseq experiments, we proposed a multiplicity corrected Bayesian testing approach and compare it against 8 other methods including two frequentist fit-for-purpose tests using simulated and experimental data. Our Bayesian test method outperformed all other tests for a broad range of accuracy metrics including control of false positive error rates. Most notable, the fit-for-purpose and standard multiple group DGEA methods were superior to the two group scRNAseq methods for dose–response study designs. Collectively, our benchmarking of DGEA methods demonstrates the importance in considering study design when determining the most appropriate test methods.
Polympact: exploring functional relations among common human genetic variants
Authors: Valentini Samuel , Gandolfi Francesco , Carolo Mattia , Dalfovo Davide , Pozza Lara , Romanel Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the last years, many studies were able to identify associations between common genetic variants and complex diseases. However, the mechanistic biological links explaining these associations are still mostly unknown. Common variants are usually associated with a relatively small effect size, suggesting that interactions among multiple variants might be a major genetic component of complex diseases. Hence, elucidating the presence of functional relations among variants may be fundamental to identify putative variants’ interactions. To this aim, we developed Polympact, a web-based resource that allows to explore functional relations among human common variants by exploiting variants’ functional element landscape, their impact on transcription factor binding motifs, and their effect on transcript levels of protein-coding genes. Polympact characterizes over 18 million common variants and allows to explore putative relations by combining clustering analysis and innovative similarity and interaction network models. The properties of the network models were studied and the utility of Polympact was demonstrated by analysing the rich sets of Breast Cancer and Alzheimer's GWAS variants. We identified relations among multiple variants, suggesting putative interactions. Polympact is freely available at bcglab.cibio.unitn.it/polympact.
Protoplast fusion in Bacillus species produces frequent, unbiased, genome-wide homologous recombination
Authors: Vasileva Delyana P , Streich Jared C , Burdick Leah H , Klingeman Dawn M , Chhetri Hari B , Brelsford Christa M , Ellis J Christopher , Close Dan M , Jacobson Daniel A , Michener Joshua K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In eukaryotes, fine-scale maps of meiotic recombination events have greatly advanced our understanding of the factors that affect genomic variation patterns and evolution of traits. However, in bacteria that lack natural systems for sexual reproduction, unbiased characterization of recombination landscapes has remained challenging due to variable rates of genetic exchange and influence of natural selection. Here, to overcome these limitations and to gain a genome-wide view on recombination, we crossed Bacillus strains with different genetic distances using protoplast fusion. The offspring displayed complex inheritance patterns with one of the parents consistently contributing the major part of the chromosome backbone and multiple unselected fragments originating from the second parent. Our results demonstrate that this bias was in part due to the action of restriction–modification systems, whereas genome features like GC content and local nucleotide identity did not affect distribution of recombination events around the chromosome. Furthermore, we found that recombination occurred uniformly across the genome without concentration into hotspots. Notably, our results show that species-level genetic distance did not affect genome-wide recombination. This study provides a new insight into the dynamics of recombination in bacteria and a platform for studying recombination patterns in diverse bacterial species.