bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life and Quality of Work Life as Determinants of Employee Productivity: Self-reports of Tea Harvesters in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gamage A.T. , Wickramaratne W.P.R. 
Published: March 2022

Tea industry plays a prominent and strategic role in Sri Lanka due to its significant impact on national output, employment and socio-economic status. Therefore, the overall worker productivity in tea industry plays an integral role in terms of national income and foreign exchange earnings. Today, the tea industry in Sri Lanka has been facing the burning issue of declining worker productivity which is the lowest among the tea producing countries in the world. In order to increase the level of worker productivity, simply applying conventional Human Resource Management (HRM) practices are not adequate and a sustainable HRM model is a vital requirement as a strategy for dealing with this crisis and sustains the tea industry in the competitive global marketplace. This research was aimed at proposing human care practices (HCPs) and knowledge management practices (KMPs) as sustainable Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) for enhancing the worker productivity through quality of work-life (QWLs) and quality of life (QLs). The study is specifically focusing on the tea industry, since tea is the key contributor for overall performances of the plantation industry. Un-structured, one-on-one interviews used as the qualitative research technique for this study and 100 randomly selected tea harvesters who are working in well performing tea estates in Sri Lanka reported a list of HCPs and KMPs that enhance QWL and QL and in turn that enhance the worker productivity. The responses of tea harvesters were grouped into pre-defined structure according to comparative importance and validated with the findings of previous research studies. The findings were well supported by the premises of psychological contract and social exchange theories. The study also provides some implications for policy decisions and future research directions on identified HCPs and KMPs as sustainable HR practices which has direct relationship on the worker productivity.
Keywords: Sustainable human care practices, Knowledge management practices, Quality of life, Quality of work life, Productivity
impact of workload, co-worker pressure and supervisor pressure on employee presenteeism: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Opatha H.H.D.P.J. , Uresha K.I. 
Published: March 2022

Presenteeism is one of the major contemporary issues in Human Resource Management (HRM) as it negatively impacts on worker productivity and ultimately on organizational productivity and goal achievement. Thus, employee presenteeism which refers to attending work while ill needs to be discouraged. A systematic empirical study was carried out with regards to employee presenteeism owing to little research done, contextual gap and intellectual curiosity of authors. Objectives of the study were; (1) to find the degree of presenteeism of Sri Lankan executive and non-executive employees in Colombo District under study; (2) to find the impact of workload on employee presenteeism; (3) to find the impact of co-worker pressure on employee presenteeism; (4) to find the impact of supervisor pressure on employee presenteeism; (4) to find the overall impact of workload, co-worker pressure and supervisor pressure on employee presenteeism; and (5) to investigate whether there is any significant difference between male and female employees under study in terms of presenteeism. The nature of this study was analytical; time horizon was cross sectional; and the unit of analysis was individual. A theoretical framework was formulated based on some empirical evidences in literature review and logical beliefs of the authors. Three different instruments were developed by the authors to measure the workload, co-worker pressure, and supervisor pressure while Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS) was utilized to measure employee presenteeism. Reliability and validity of the instruments are assured. Survey method was utilized and 72 executive and non-executive employees in Colombo district responded to the questionnaire through the sampling technique of convenient sampling technique. Small sample size can be a major limitation of the study and it can be suggested to explore more on the difference between executive and non-executive employees in terms of presenteeism using a larger sample. The empirical findings revealed that the degree of employee presenteeism is between average and high and there is a significant positive impact from workload, co-worker pressure and supervisor pressure on employee presenteeism. Further it was revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female employees under the study in terms of presenteeism.
Keywords: Co-worker Pressure, Presenteeism, Supervisor Pressure, Workload
Critical Review of Literature on Talent Management Practices
Authors: Sandeepanie M.H.R. , Gamage P.N. , Perera G.D.N. , Sajeewani T.L. 
Published: March 2022

Talent management practices is one of the greatest inspiring aspects in ultra-modern phase’s HRM practices. Although the concept “talent management practices” is growing popularity over a decade with the debating nature, it had conceptual confusions due to the ambiguity nature of the underlying concepts. Effective talent management practices involve driving of business goals successfully while having a rewarding “talent pool”. Global HR specialists discovered talent management practices related to diverse industries. There is a tendency to be a discrepancy between intended and actual talent management practices. With this view, there are four key objectives in this exploratory study. The first objective is to resolve the existing conceptual confusions to the variable “Talent Management Practices” and to establish the definitions for the underlining concepts called, “Talent” and “Talent Management”. Afterward, the second objective is to explore the different “Talent Management Practices” operated in numerous global contexts including both manufacturing and service sectors. The third objective is to establish a definition for “Talent Management Practices”. The fourth objective is to identify the key dimensions of Talent Management Practices. The archival method was adopted by the researchers. The systematic reviewing process has covered empirical research on talent, talent management and talent management practices which have been published between 1990 and 2019 in academic journals and published books.
Global manufacturing industries namely, cement manufacturing, steel case manufacturing, coal and mining, energy, automotive and service sectors namely, healthcare, hospitality, fast food service, banking, education, telecommunication and IT services are operating numerous talent management practices in attracting, acquiring, developing and retaining high performing talents. This research study is extremely imperative for future researchers in exploring avenues for context specific talent management practices relevant to various global industries. Further, resolving of conceptual confusions could significant in determining more aspects and perspectives towards talent management and its practices.
Keywords: Talent, Talent Management, Talent Management Practices, Global Contexts
Organizational cynicism and its relationship with employee’s performance in big four audit firms in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasekara P. , Seneviratne C. 
Published: March 2022

Organizational cynicism has become a growing issue in present organizations. Empirical studies done on the concept of organizational cynicism and employee performance have been mainly carried out in foreign counties, there is dearth of research in this respect in the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, a gap can be identified to discover the relationship between organizational cynicism and employee performance of employees in different levels in Sri Lankan audit firms. Hence, examination of organizational cynicism and employee performance of employees in Sri Lankan audit firms was conducted throughout this research study. This research is expected to reveal the relationship of all three types of organizational cynicism (i.e. cognitive cynicism, affective cynicism, and behavioural cynicism) have with employee performance in audit firms in Sri Lanka. The perception of employees in the audit firms in Sri Lanka about their organization and the employment contract and their motivation towards work are further analysed. Primary data are collected through questionnaire from audit trainees, supervisors, managers in big 4 audit firms in Sri Lanka (n = 80) by using a convenient sampling technique. Analysis of data is undertaken quantitative approach and to achieve the research objective, Hierarchal multiple regression models are used by using SPSS to identify the impact of organizational cynicism on employee performance. The study concludes that organizational cynicism has a significant negative relationship with employee performance at audit firms and that each dimension of organizational cynicism (cognitive, affective, and behavioural) individually have significant negative relationship with employee performance. Furthermore, it was revealed that most of the respondents experience a breach of contract by the firm’s management. Thus, causing organizational cynicism and affecting negatively on employee performance. The findings of this study are expected to be particularly useful to audit firm management in effectively managing and retaining the best suited employees for auditing, for the success of the firm.
Keywords: Affective cynicism, Behavioural cynicism, Cognitive cynicism, Employee performance.
Buddhist Teachings, Spirituality and Female Entrepreneurs’ Business Decisions in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera L.E.A.N. , Surangi H.A.K.N.S. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose – Female entrepreneurship has been pointed out by researchers as well as policymakers as one of the main drivers of economic and social development in any country. Over the years, a great deal of research has been conducted on the area of female entrepreneurship. However, to date, there has not been much discussion of the area of female entrepreneurs’ religious behaviour which is remarkable. Hence, this study examines the nature of female entrepreneurs’ religious behavior and how Buddhist teachings and Buddhist spirituality influence business decisions of female entrepreneurs, during start- ups throughout the ongoing business operations. Although Buddhism is a vast literature, this study focuses mainly on the five precepts. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on social constructionism philosophy and narrative design was used to explore the female entrepreneurs’ religious behavior. A snowball sampling procedure was applied, and seven interviews were conducted to generate data for the study. This qualitative data analysis was complemented and supported with data from narrative in-depth interviews, observations and collected documents and field notes.
Findings – Findings revealed that Buddhist female entrepreneurs’ business decisions are influenced by their religious teachings, especially the five precepts and religious spirituality. Those decisions are related to the start-up, operations, pricing, networks, profit sharing, finance, problem solving and sustainability. According to the results, female entrepreneurs have engaged in strong religious practice in their businesses and their personal lives since their childhood. Buddhist teachings and spirituality can be identified as the key factor of business success and work-life satisfaction of Buddhist female entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka.
Implications – The findings can support the facilitating and promoting of spiritual entrepreneurship among entrepreneurs. It could be of valuable use to furthering our understanding of the role of Buddhist teachings and spirituality on entrepreneurs’ business decisions and the influence of other religious teachings and spiritualties in fostering decision making among entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Buddhist teachings, Five Precepts, Buddhist spirituality, Female entrepreneurs, Business decisions, Qualitative
Factors influencing Financial Performance of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Shahila Y. , Kajendra K. 
Published: March 2022

The study is to determine and explore the factors which influence the Financial Performance of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Kilinochchi District, Northern Province. Independent factors such as Family factors, Physiological factors, Managerial factors, learning factors, and Financial factors were considered. Performance of the Women Entrepreneurs is evaluated by the Financial Return (sales) of their businesses. Secondary objective of this Research Study is to measure the correlation between dependent variables and independent variables considered in every factor. Furthermore, Final data for the research were collected from 60 rural women entrepreneurs using systematic random methods. through questionnaires and by face-to-face interviews. The collected data were initially cleansed and coded, and then recorded quantitative data were analyzed by the software tool Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the univariate analysis revealed how factors influence rural women entrepreneurs’ performance. Family factor, Physiological factor, Managerial factor, learning factor, and Financial factor mean values were 4.36, 3.91, 3.87, 4.00 and 3.75 respectively, it means factors are influencing the rural women entrepreneurs’ performance significantly. According to the correlation analysis, the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable is positive, but the strength between them has been different. Between family factors, it has a moderate relationship. While Physiological factors, Managerial factors, and Learning factors have a weak relationship, Financial factors have a strong relationship with the financial performance. So, the hypotheses were accepted based on the correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that all the 05 factors have influenced 73% of the Performance (Financial Return) of rural women entrepreneurs. This study evaluates the women entrepreneur’s performance by financial return only.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Women Empowerment, Rural Development, Financial Performance, SME
Conceptualizing the relationship between Spiritual Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation in developing sustainable enterprises
Authors: Wickramasekera E. , Peiris I. K. , Ulluwishewa R. 
Published: March 2022

Entrepreneurship has long been considered a critical element that contributes to economic development while encouraging new entry that is led by Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) consisting of the key dimensions of the propensity to act ‘autonomously’, a willingness to ‘innovate’ and ‘take risks’, a tendency to be ‘aggressive’ towards competitors, and ‘proactive’ relative to marketplace opportunities. To outlive and protect the capacity to form esteem over time, firms must keep up a suitable level of EO which has gotten significant conceptual and experimental consideration, speaking to one of the few ranges in enterprise inquire about where a total body of information is creating (Rauch, et al., 2009). Spirituality fortifies entrepreneurs’ commitment to creating their trade, subsequently making strides their efficiency, and empowering adaptability and imagination both in commerce arranging and its usage and will create a pro-social business with a sense of interconnectedness and community. Thus, it is with greater value to understanding the spiritual outputs of entrepreneurs since it made entrepreneurs having greater kindness, fairness, and increased awareness of other employees’ needs making people more ethical in business and improved teamwork creating a positive impact on the triple bottom line of the venture. Spiritual Orientation impacts ‘autonomy’ by providing flexibility for new ideas towards enhanced innovativeness. Competitive aggressiveness is outperformed by advancing the welfare of others with SO. A spiritual entrepreneur would focus on principles, virtues, ethics, values, emotions, wisdom, and intuition promoting proactiveness. As such, spirituality clarifies how business visionaries continue despite challenging situations by expanding their ideas of future-oriented sensemaking. This paper theorizes how a spiritually driven EO will lead to sustainable business ventures that focus on people, profit, and the planet. We assert that entrepreneurs must develop the spiritual maturity to create the right balance of EO dimensions as such, spiritual orientation and entrepreneurial orientation go hand in hand in creating a sustainable organization.
Keywords: Spirituality, Spiritual orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship, Sustainability
Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intention of Sri Lankan Entrepreneurs (An Evidence from Current Entrepreneurs of Ratnapura District)
Authors: Amitha W.A.K. , Dharmaratne K.L.B.G. , Naotunna N.P.G.S.I. 
Published: March 2022

Today the whole world is embraced by harsh problems than ever in the history of mankind. People are suffering due to many kinds of social and environmental issues; climate changes, environmental pollution, natural disasters, diseases, poverty, crime, corruption, economic crises etc. Mankind has to provide innovative and sustainable solutions since they are the root causes to occur such as disasters to the world. To solve these harsh problems, social entrepreneurs have a big role to play. They are the change agents who combine change and innovations and they should possess the behavioural intention to start social enterprises. However, as per the preliminary findings, Sri Lankan entrepreneurs do not intend to start social enterprises or convert their existing businesses into social enterprises. Accordingly, the current study was dedicated to investigating the impact of the determinants on low social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of Sri Lankan entrepreneurs which was proved by the preliminary findings. Further, the study investigated the significance of SEI in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted as a quantitative study and the deductive approach was used. Mair and Noboa’s model (2006) adopted by Hockerts (2015) was used with five latent constructs; prior Experience with social problems/social organizations, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, empathy, moral obligation and perceived presence of social support. Out of 1,800 Registered entrepreneurs in Ratnapura District to the date, 317 entrepreneurs were selected as the sample based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. Convenience sampling technique was deployed, and data collection was done through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modelling was performed to analyse the variable interested with the assistance of AMOS 16 and SPSS 21. Social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and moral obligation were not validated and analysis was done by using the rest of the three variables. Analysis results indicated that the empathy, prior experience and perceived presence of social support have a direct positive impact towards SEI. Empathy and perceived presence of social support are the partial mediators of the model which significantly affect the relationship exist between prior experience and social entrepreneurial intention. Hence, it is concluded that both the partial mediators create mechanisms for prior experience to impact the SEI rather than individual impacts.
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurial Intention, Empathy, Prior Experience and Perceived Presence of Social Support
Conciliatory methods of settling cases in administrative proceedings
Authors: Dobkowska Bogusława 
Published: March 2022

The article presents conciliatory case settling methods in administrative proceedings. These methods are administrative settlement and mediation. The institution of administrative settlement has existed in the CAP since 1980.The institution of mediation, on the other hand, was introduced into the CAP because of the 2017 amendment. The purpose of the article is to present these institutions and to verify them in practice. There is no doubt that the introduction of mediation into the administrative procedure constitutes an implementation of the trend of implementation of ADR methods37, which certainlydeserves to be approved of. It appears that the institution of mediation in administrative proceedings has the chance to work out to a greater extent than the administrative settlement.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rogacz Dawid , Ude Donald Mark C. , Moloi Tshepo Mvulane 
Published: March 2022

Douglas L. Berger, Indian and Intercultural Philosophy: Personhood, Consciousness and Causality. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021, 240 pp.Joseph C. A. Agbakoba, Development and Modernity in Africa: An Intercultural Philosophical Perspective, Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2019, 405 pp.Adekeye Adebajo (ed.), The Pan-African Pantheon: Prophets, Poets and Philosophers, Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media, 2020. 655 pp.
Dry Eye and Antipsychotic Drug
Authors: Khurana Sunita , Rajvanshi Seema 
Published: March 2022

Background: To study the dry eye prevalence in patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy.
Methods: 50 patients who were diagnosed of schizophrenia and have been under anti-pschyotic were included.
Results: 17 patients out of 50 patients on anti-psychotic medications for more than 2 years had dry eye disease. Of the 100 eyes evaluated, 30 eyes were found to have dry eye disease. Patients on two drug regimen showed more prevalence of dry eye than on mono drug regimen in our study.
Conclusion: Anti-psychotic drug may induce dry eye syndrome and thus may lead to morphological alterations in corneal parameters through its anticholinergic and antidopaminergic activities.
Keywords: Dry eye, Prevalence, Antipsychotic