bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Assessment of MRI‐Invisible Early‐Stage Endometrial Cancer With MRI‐Based Radiomics Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xiaoting , Song Jiacheng , Zhang Aining , Cheng Wenjun , Duan Shaofeng , Liu Xisheng , Chen Ting 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRadiomics‐based analyses have demonstrated impact on studies of endometrial cancer (EC). However, there have been no radiomics studies investigating preoperative assessment of MRI‐invisible EC to date.PurposeTo develop and validate radiomics models based on sagittal T2‐weighted images (T2WI) and T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced images (T1CE) for the preoperative assessment of MRI‐invisible early‐stage EC and myometrial invasion (MI).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred fifty‐eight consecutive patients (mean age 50.7 years) with MRI‐invisible endometrial lesions were enrolled from June 2016 to March 2022 and randomly divided into the training (n = 110) and validation cohort (n = 48) using a ratio of 7:3.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T2WI, and T1CE sequences, turbo spin echo.AssessmentTwo radiologists performed image segmentation and extracted features. Endometrial lesions were histopathologically classified as benign, dysplasia, and EC with or without MI. In the training cohort, 28 and 20 radiomics features were selected to build Model 1 and Model 2, respectively, generating rad‐score 1 (RS1) and rad‐score 2 (RS2) for evaluating MRI‐invisible EC and MI.Statistical TestsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression method was used to select radiomics features. Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi‐square test were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis were used for performance evaluation. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsModel 1 had good performance for preoperative detecting of MRI‐invisible early‐stage EC in the training and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.873 and 0.918). In addition, Model 2 had good performance in assessment of MI of MRI‐invisible endometrial lesions in the training and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.854 and 0.834).Data ConclusionMRI‐based radiomics models may provide good performance for detecting MRI‐invisible EC and MI.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Radiomic Features of the Edema Region May Contribute to Grading Meningiomas With Peritumoral Edema
Authors: Guo Zhige , Tian Zhongyu , Shi Feina , Xu Penglei , Zhang Jianmin , Ling Chenhan , Zeng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMeningiomas are frequently accompanied by peritumoral edema (PTE). The potential value of radiomic features of edema region in meningioma grading has not been investigated.PurposeTo investigate whether radiomic features of edema region contribute to grading meningiomas with PTE.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 444 patients including 196 grade II and 248 WHO grade I meningiomas: 356 patients for training, 88 for validation.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5‐T/3.0‐T, noncontrast T1‐weighted (T1WI), T2‐weighted (T2WI), contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1CE) spin echo sequences.AssessmentA total of 851 radiomic features were extracted from each sequence on each region (tumor and edema region). These features were integrated by region respectively. Three subsets of clinical–radiomic features were constructed by joining clinical information (sex, age, tumor volume, and edema volume) and radiomic features of three regions: tumor, edema, and combined subsets. For each subset, features were filtered by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Random Forest algorithm. Top 20 features of each subset were finally selected.Statistical TestsStochastic Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Bagged AdaBoost predictive models were built based on each subset. Discriminative abilities of models were quantified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsRandom Forest model based on combined subset (AUC [95% CI] = 0.880 [0.807–0.953]) had the best discriminative ability in grading meningiomas among the final models. The best model of edema subset and tumor subset were Random Forest model (AUC [95% CI] = 0.864 [0.791–0.938]) and Stochastic Gradient Boosting model (AUC [95% CI] = 0.844 [0.760–0.928]), respectively.Data ConclusionRadiomic features of edema region may contribute to grading meningiomas with PTE. The Random Forest model based on combined subset surpasses the best model based on tumor or edema subset regarding grading meningiomas with PTE.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Monkeypox treatment: Current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Khani Elnaz , Afsharirad Bentelhoda , Entezari‐Maleki Taher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs of September 11, 2022, 57 669 reports of monkeypox infection raised global concern. Previous vaccinia virus vaccination can protect from monkeypox. However, after smallpox eradication, immunization against that was stopped. Indeed, therapeutic options following the disease onset are of great value. This study aimed to review the available evidence on virology and treatment approaches for monkeypox and provide guidance for patient care and future studies. Since no randomized clinical trials were ever performed, we reviewed monkeypox animal model studies and clinical trials on the safety and pharmacokinetics of available medications. Brincidofovir and tecovirimat were the most studied medications that got approval for smallpox treatment according to the Animal Rule. Due to the conserved virology among Orthopoxviruses, available medications might also be effective against monkeypox. However, tecovirimat has the strongest evidence to be effective and safe for monkeypox treatment, and if there is a choice between the two drugs, tecovirimat has shown more promise so far. The risk of resistance should be considered in patients who failed to respond to tecovirimat. Hence, the target‐based design of novel antivirals will enhance the availability and spectrum of effective anti‐Orthopoxvirus agents.
Sequence analysis of Epstein‐Barr virus RPMS1 gene in malignant hematopathy of Northern China
Authors: Zhao Meng‐He , Liu Wen , Li Ping , Liu Lei , Zhang Xing , Luo Bing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe RPMS1 gene is the only member of the BamHI‐A rightward transcripts (BARTs) family for which a full‐length complementary DNA has been identified, and RPMS1 transcript has been confirmed in many Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive malignancies. However, the effects of sequence variations of RPMS1 in hematological malignancies and their biological significance are unclear. To explore the association between RPMS1 gene variations and hematological malignancy, the RPMS1 gene of 391 EBV‐positive samples from patients with EBV‐positive leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoma in northern China were sequenced. On the basis of phylogenetic tree and mutation characteristics of RPMS1, all the sequences were divided into five major types: RPMS1‐A, RPMS1‐B, RPMS1‐C, RPMS1‐E, and RPMS1‐F. RPMS1‐A type, similar to the prototype B95‐8, was identified in 71.87% (281/391) of samples and was the major type in all subpopulations. The frequency of RPMS1‐F type was significantly higher in all malignant hematopathy groups than in healthy donors. The Hodgkin lymphoma group contained more RPMS1‐F than other malignant hematopathy groups, and acute myeloid leukemia contained more RPMS1‐C type than other malignant hematopathy groups. Therefore, RPMS1‐A is the main type of RPMS1 gene in northern China, and RPMS1‐F may be associated with hematologic malignancies.
Development and validation of a potential biomarker to improve the assessment of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chen Ji , Yu Suhui , Lang Zhichao , Jin Yan , Zhou Guangyao , Tao Qiqi , Wang Xiaodong , Zheng Jianjian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe aimed to develop and validate a novel combined score to improve the assessment of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, a total of 331 CHB patients from three cohorts who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled, and the Scheuer system was used for liver fibrosis classification. The combined score was derived by principal component analysis of key differentially expressed genes. For significant liver fibrosis (≥S2), the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) of the combined score were 0.838, 0.842, and 0.881 in the three cohorts, respectively. And for advanced liver fibrosis (≥S3), the AUROCs were 0.794, 0.801, and 0.901, respectively. Compared with the results of AUROCs for aspartate aminotransferase≥to≥platelet ratio (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB‐4) in the validation cohorts, better clinical diagnostic value for assessing the progression of liver fibrosis was found in the combined score. Additionally, univariate ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that the combined score could serve as a more superior and stable risk factor than APRI and FIB‐4 in the assessment of liver fibrosis. For CHB patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), our results further emphasized the diagnostic value of the combined score for significant fibrosis (≥S2) and advanced fibrosis (≥S3). Moreover, it was found that patients with the high combined score, who were associated with the advanced fibrosis stage, had higher levels of drug sensitivity and immune checkpoint expression. In conclusion, the novel combined score could serve as a potential biomarker and contribute to improving the assessment of fibrosis stage in CHB patients.
Arithmetic in the signing brain: Differences and similarities in arithmetic processing between deaf signers and hearing non‐signers
Authors: Andin Josefine , Elwér Åsa , Mäki‐Torkko Elina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeaf signers and hearing non‐signers have previously been shown to recruit partially different brain regions during simple arithmetic. In light of the triple code model, the differences were interpreted as relating to stronger recruitment of the verbal system of numerical processing, that is, left angular and inferior frontal gyrus, in hearing non‐signers, and of the quantity system of numerical processing, that is, right horizontal intraparietal sulcus, for deaf signers. The main aim of the present study was to better understand similarities and differences in the neural correlates supporting arithmetic in deaf compared to hearing individuals. Twenty‐nine adult deaf signers and 29 hearing non‐signers were enrolled in an functional magnetic resonance imaging study of simple and difficult subtraction and multiplication. Brain imaging data were analyzed using whole‐brain analysis, region of interest analysis, and functional connectivity analysis. Although the groups were matched on age, gender, and nonverbal intelligence, the deaf group performed generally poorer than the hearing group in arithmetic. Nevertheless, we found generally similar networks to be involved for both groups, the only exception being the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus. This region was activated significantly stronger for the hearing compared to the deaf group but showed stronger functional connectivity with the left superior temporal gyrus in the deaf, compared to the hearing, group. These results lend no support to increased recruitment of the quantity system in deaf signers. Perhaps the reason for performance differences is to be found in other brain regions not included in the original triple code model.
Pharmaceutical prospects of biosurfactants produced from fungal species
Authors: Handa Shristi , Aggarwal Yadu , Puri Sanjeev , Chatterjee Mary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of novel types of biogenic surface‐active compounds is of greater interest for combating many diseases and infections. In this respect research and development of biosurfactant has gained immense importance. Substantially, biosurfactant is defined as a class of active amphiphilic chemical compounds that comprise hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties on their surfaces. It is generally known that many kinds of microorganisms can be used to produce these surfactants or surface‐active compounds. Hosting interesting features such as biodegradability, emulsifying/de‐emulsifying capacity, low toxicity, and antimicrobial activities; these amphiphilic compounds in recent years have flourished as an ideal replacement for the chemically synthesized surfactant, and also have various commercial attractions. Both bacteria and fungi are the producers of these amphiphilic molecules; however, the pathogenicity of certain bacterial strains has caused a shift in interest toward fungi. Therefore, various fungi species have been reported for the production of biosurfactants amongst which Candida species have been the most studied strains. Biosurfactants uphold desired properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiadhesion, and anticancer activity which proves them an ideal candidate for the application in various fields like pharmaceutical, gene therapy, medical insertion safety, immunotherapy to fight against many chronic diseases, and so forth. Hence, this review article discusses the pharmaceutical prospects of biosurfactants produced from different fungal species, providing new directions toward the discovery and development of molecules with novel structures and diverse functions for advanced application in the medical field.
The strategic role of middle managers in the formulation and implementation of digital transformation projects
Authors: Christodoulou Ioannis P. , Wasim Jahangir , Reinhardt Robert J. , Ivanov Kirill 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMiddle managers play a crucial role in implementing digital strategy. They directly influence the success or failure of an organization's digital transformation. They are the enablers of digital strategy implementation and company transformation and sometimes can cast a sabotaging shadow side when not involved and engaged in the process. However, there are ways to engage them and divert their sabotaging behavior.
Mammal use of riparian corridors in semi‐arid Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Ragan Kinley , Schipper Jan , Bateman Heather L. , Hall Sharon J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildlife populations in semi‐arid regions are increasingly challenged by human activities and dependent on the connectivity of riparian corridors for access to surface water. The Madrean Archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot along the arid United States–Mexico borderlands that support both Neotropical and Nearctic wildlife. Infrastructure development (e.g., the border wall and the expansion of Mexican Federal Highway 2) in this region inhibits wildlife movement along the transnational mountain archipelago by disconnecting habitat. To explore the relationship between habitat variables and mammal use of riparian corridors in northern Sonora, Mexico, we collected data from 19 motion‐sensitive cameras between October 2018 and April 2019 and used single‐season occupancy models and Royle‐Nichols abundance estimation models to analyze our data. We recorded 21 species of mammals, including the first sighting of jaguar (Panthera onca) in this region in 25 years. River characteristics (distance from river, riparian corridor width, water availability), remoteness (distance from highway, productivity, elevation), and topographic variety (vertical elevation difference) influenced patterns of occupancy probability and estimated abundance of mammals >1 kg, but the strength and direction of these relationships varied by species. Additionally, intermittently wet desert washes were comparable in species richness to the perennial system. These results highlight the importance of examining physical and biological aspects of habitat. This is especially true when identifying corridors where mitigation structures should be placed to improve wildlife connectivity in biodiversity hotspots like the Madrean Archipelago and semi‐arid ecosystems worldwide.
Therapeutic Misestimation in Patients with Degenerative Ataxia: Lessons from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maas Roderick P.P.W.M. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe absence of effective treatments may render patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxias susceptible to a placebo response, which could affect the outcome of clinical trials.ObjectiveTo retrospectively examine expectations of benefit in participants of an ataxia trial and identify determinants of possible therapeutic misestimation.MethodsIndividuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 who participated in a randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial received a custom‐designed questionnaire about short‐term and long‐term treatment expectations, allocation preferences, and interpretation of treatment arm assignment based on the presence or absence of clinical improvement. To evaluate whether expectations were specifically related to the application of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or more generally reflect an overly positive attitude of patients with ataxia toward trial participation and results, the last questions involved a hypothetical scenario in which an oral drug was tested against placebo with an aim identical to that of our tDCS study.ResultsAll 20 trial participants completed the questionnaire. If allocated to the active treatment arm, 75% of patients expected short‐term health benefits and 55% thought they would still have less severe ataxia at 1‐year follow‐up compared with baseline. After 2 weeks, an average reduction in ataxia severity of 31.5% (standard deviation, 22.2%) was anticipated. Conversely, 65% associated a lack of improvement with probable or definite allocation to the placebo group. High expectations of benefit were neither related to the type of intervention nor to clinical or demographic characteristics.ConclusionTherapeutic misestimation is common in patients with degenerative ataxia and requires special attention in future trials. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Nabais Sa‐de Vries syndrome in a Chinese infant associated with a novel SPOP mutation: A clinical study and genetic report
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Fang Hongjun , Peng Yu , Li Li , Liu Shulei , Liao Hongmei , Tang Jingwen , Yi Jurong , Liu Qingqing , Xu Li , Wu Liwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNabais Sa‐de Vries syndrome (NSDVS) is a newly identified neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), characterized by mutations in the SPOP gene, which encodes the speckle‐type BTB/POZ protein. It is divided into two disease subtypes, according to patient facial features, which could be related to altered SPOP protein function. Few studies have documented this syndrome and little is known about its pathophysiology. Herein, we present an unexplained infant case of NDD, possibly the first Asian NSDVS case report.MethodsA 7‐month‐old boy presented with an enlarged head circumference, widened eye distance, and a protruding nose. Trio‐whole exome sequencing of the patient's family was performed, and a variant was identified by bioinformatics analysis and further verified by Sanger sequencing. This variant was then identified by molecular dynamics analysis. Finally, a plasmid was constructed in vitro to transfect the human 293 T cells. qPCR and western blotting (WB) experiments were subsequently performed. These analyses verified the variant's transcription and protein expression.ResultsTrio‐whole exome sequencing was used to identify the SPOP mutation c.67 T > C (p.Cys23Arg). Crystal structure simulations suggest that this single‐residue substitution alters hydrogen bonding with nearby residues. Analysis via qPCR and WB experiments indicated decreased mutant mRNA and protein expression levels.ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic testing should be performed as soon as possible for children with NDD showing low phenotypic specificity. Prompt testing will provide more accurate diagnoses, which in turn offers evidence to assist in the formulation of rehabilitation training plans, and genetic counseling for patients' families.
Quantum‐based Modeling of Protein‐ligand Interaction: The Complex of RutA with Uracil and Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Nemukhin Alexander V. , Domratcheva Tatiana M. , Kulakova Anna M. , Grigorenko Bella L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern quantum‐based methods are employed to model interaction of the flavin‐dependent enzyme RutA with the uracil and oxygen molecules. This complex presents the structure of reactants for the chain of chemical reactions of monooxygenation in the enzyme active site, which is important in drug metabolism. In this case, application of quantum‐based approaches is an essential issue, unlike conventional modeling of protein‐ligand interaction with force fields using molecular mechanics and classical molecular dynamics methods. We focus on two difficult problems to characterize the structure of reactants in the RutA‐FMN‐O2‐uracil complex, where FMN stands for the flavin mononucleotide species. First, location of a small O2 molecule in the triplet spin state in the protein cavities is required. Second, positions of both ligands, O2 and uracil, must be specified in the active site with a comparable accuracy. We show that the methods of molecular dynamics with the interaction potentials of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics theory (QM/MM MD) allow us to characterize this complex and, in addition, to surmise possible reaction mechanism of uracil oxygenation by RutA.
Multi‐modal MRI reveals changes in placental function following preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Hutter Jana , Slator Paddy J. , Avena Zampieri Carla , Hall Megan , Rutherford Mary , Story Lisa 
Published: October 2022

PurposePreterm premature rupture of membranes complicates up to 40% of premature deliveries. Fetal infection may occur in the absence of maternal symptoms, delaying diagnosis and increasing morbidity and mortality. A noninvasive antenatal assessment of early signs of placental inflammation is therefore urgently required.MethodsSixteen women with preterm premature rupture of membranes < 34 weeks gestation and 60 women with uncomplicated pregnancies were prospectively recruited. A modified diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo single shot EPI sequence with a diffusion preparation acquiring 264 unique parameter combinations in < 9 min was obtained on a clinical 3 Tesla MRI scanner. The data was fitted to a 2‐compartment ‐intravoxel incoherent motion model comprising fast and slowly circulating fluid pools to obtain quantitative information on perfusion, density, and tissue composition. Z values were calculated, and correlation with time from between the rupture of membranes and the scan, gestational age at delivery, and time between scan and delivery assessed.ResultsPlacental was significantly reduced in preterm premature rupture of membranes, and the 2‐compartmental model demonstrated that this decline is mainly linked to the perfusion component observed in the placental parenchyma. Multi‐modal MRI measurement of placental function is linked to gestational age at delivery and time from membrane rupture.ConclusionMore complex models and data acquisition can potentially improve fitting of the underlying etiology of preterm birth compared with individual single‐contrast models and contribute to additional insights in the future. This will need validation in larger cohorts. A multi‐modal MRI acquisition between rupture of the membranes and delivery can be used to measure placental function and is linked to gestational age at delivery.