bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field test of mechanisms underpinning animal diversity in recently burned landscapes
Authors: Senior Katharine L. , Giljohann Katherine M. , McCarthy Michael A. , Kelly Luke T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Planned burning generates different types of pyrodiversity, however, experimental tests of how alternative spatial patterns of burning influence animal communities remain rare. Field tests are needed to understand the mechanisms through which spatial variation in planned fire affects fauna, and how fire can be applied to benefit biodiversity.

We tested five hypotheses of how fire‐driven variation in habitat composition and configuration affects fauna at fine scales. Small mammal, reptile and invasive predator activity was monitored at 12 burnt and eight unburnt sites through the year following a large, planned burn in semi‐arid ‘mallee’ woodlands of southern Australia. We explored measures of burnt or unburnt habitat (‘habitat status’); amount of unburnt vegetation (‘habitat amount’); interspersion of burnt and unburnt patches (‘habitat complementation’); distance to external or internal unburnt vegetation (‘habitat connectivity’); and unburnt patch size and local vegetation cover (‘habitat refuge’). Generalized linear models were used to test the influence of each variable on capture rates of three small mammal and 11 reptile species; activity of the introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes); and species richness of native animals.

We found strong support for the habitat status hypothesis and moderate support for four hypotheses relating to spatial patterns of fire. Reptile assemblages varied between burnt and unburnt sites, and relationships were identified between abundance of one or more reptile species and each measure of spatial variation. Reptile species richness was higher at unburnt sites and at sites with more unburnt vegetation in the surrounding area. Sites that were less connected to unburnt vegetation had fewer reptile species. Mammals did not have clear relationships with fine‐scale fire patterns.

Synthesis and applications. Application of planned fire to promote biodiversity is globally important. We show that retaining unburnt areas and well‐connected habitat refuges is important for reptile diversity. We also found that several species of small mammals and reptiles appear resilient to the fine‐scale patterns of planned fire experienced in this study, despite activity of introduced predators. The diversity of animals can remain relatively high in areas subject to planned fire, provided that internal and external habitat refuges are retained.
Higher‐latitude spring‐flowering herbs advance their phenology more than trees with warming temperatures
Authors: Alecrim Evelyn F. , Sargent Risa D. , Forrest Jessica R. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The phenologies of co‐occurring trees and spring‐blooming understory herbs in northeastern North American hardwood forests appear to be regulated by different environmental drivers – air temperature and soil temperature/snowpack, respectively. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that climate change–driven asymmetry in the advancement of canopy leaf‐out relative to the timing of understory growth could reduce photosynthetic rates and reproductive success of understory herbs through greater early‐season shading.

To determine whether trees and spring‐flowering forest herbs are advancing their phenologies at different rates with respect to increasing global temperatures, we examined the phenological responses to warming of 10 species of trees and 11 species of spring‐flowering forest herbs (8045 observations from 965 sites) in northeastern North America using 13 years of data collected by citizen scientists under the auspices of the USA‐National Phenology Network.

Contrary to expectation, the degree of advancement of leaf‐out as a function of temperature was greater in spring‐flowering forest herbs than in trees, with a mean response rate of −4.9 days/°C (95% BCI [−5.2, −4.6]) for spring‐flowering forest herbs vs. −3.3 days/°C (95% BCI [−3.5, −3.1]) for trees. However, the response to temperature was not consistent across the latitudinal range, with spring‐flowering forest herbs responding more strongly to warming than trees at middle (40–44°N) and higher (45–48°N) latitudes but not at lower latitudes (35–39°N).

Synthesis. In contrast to previous suggestions, our study shows spring‐flowering forest herbs advancing their phenology at a higher rate than trees with respect to warming through most of the latitudinal range investigated, which could translate into a longer growing season and increased carbon uptake for spring‐flowering forest herbs as spring temperatures rise.
‘The unbearable surplus of being human’: Happiness, virtues and the delegitimisation of the negative
Authors: Hodgson Naomi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increased governmental focus on happiness since the late 1990s, and particularly since the economic crash of 2008, has been informed predominantly by a conceptualisation of happiness promoted by the field of positive psychology, and adopted and developed in fields such as behavioural economics and more recently in fields such as neuroeducation. Concepts, or traits, associated with feeling happy or satisfied with our lives, such as resilience, are now promoted across both public and private domains as a means to improve our quality of life, our productivity and our attainment. The promotion of this positive psychological notion of happiness in the context of education not only presents these traits as virtues of the productive learning citizen but also effects a delegitimisation of the negative. Analysis of curricula programmes, seen alongside the shift taken towards a focus on the individual as brain, highlights the pedagogical and political implications of this.
Nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas: An integrative review
Authors: Camilo Ferreira Ráisa , Moorhead Sue Ann , Zuchatti Bruna Valentina , Correia Marisa Dibbern Lopes , Montanari Fabio Luis , Duran Erika Christiane Marocco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas who have variations in physical mobility.MethodsWe used integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses’ guidelines and adopting the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Classification Medicine – Levels of Evidence. The data collection was carried out between October and December 2019 and updated in May 2022, in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed®, SciVerse Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science.FindingsThere were 103 articles to be fully read and evaluated. From these, 34 publications were selected. Most nursing interventions and activities identified were placed in the NIC class Activity and Exercise Management in the Physiological: Basic domain, which has interventions to organize or to assist with physical activity, energy conservation, and expenditure; followed by Elimination Management (interventions to establish and maintain regular bowel and urinary elimination patterns and manage complications due to altered patterns); Immobility Management (interventions to manage restricted body movement and the sequelae); Nutrition Support (interventions to modify or maintain nutritional status); Physical Comfort Promotion (interventions to promote comfort using physical techniques); and Self‐Care Facilitation (interventions to provide or assist with routine activities of daily living).ConclusionsThe interventions and nursing activities found in this research were not only related to the change in mobility in victims of multiple traumas but also aimed to prevent the consequences of immobility and to take care of already established conditions.Implications for the nursing practiceThis research enables the taxonomy's development and the validation of interventions for selected groups of patients. This allows the contribution to the development of the NIC—an important resource to improve nursing practice in teaching, research, and care.
Continuous wireless pre‐ and postoperative vital sign monitoring reveal new, severe desaturations after vascular surgery
Authors: Mølgaard Jesper , Rasmussen Søren Straarup , Eiberg Jonas , Sørensen Helge Bjarup Dissing , Meyhoff Christian Sylvest , Aasvang Eske Kvanner 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative deviating physiologic values (vital signs) may represent postoperative stress or emerging complications. But they can also reflect chronic preoperative values. Distinguishing between the two circumstances may influence the utility of using vital signs in patient monitoring. Thus, we aimed to describe the occurrence of vital sign deviations before and after major vascular surgery, hypothesising that preoperative vital sign deviations were longer in duration postoperatively.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, arterial vascular patients were continuously monitored wirelessly ‐ from the day before until 5 days after surgery. Recorded values were: heart rate, respiration rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood pressure. The outcomes were 1. cumulative duration of SpO2 < 85% / 24 h, and 2. cumulative duration per 24 h of vital sign deviations.ResultsForty patients were included with a median monitoring time of 21 h preoperatively and 42 h postoperatively. The median duration of SpO2 < 85% preoperatively was 14.4 min/24 h whereas it was 28.0 min/24 h during day 0 in the ward (p = .09), and 16.8 min/24 h on day 1 in the ward (p = 0.61). Cumulative duration of SpO2 < 80% was significantly longer on day 0 in the ward 2.4 min/24 h (IQR 0.0–4.6) versus 6.7 min/24 h (IQR 1.8–16.2) p = 0.01.ConclusionDeviating physiology is common in patients before and after vascular surgery. A longer duration of severe desaturation was found on the first postoperative day in the ward compared to preoperatively, whereas moderate desaturations were reflected in postoperative desaturations. Cumulative duration outside thresholds is, in some cases, exacerbated after surgery.
How the Party Commands the Gun: The Foreign–Domestic Threat Dilemma in China
Authors: Mattingly Daniel C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe leaders of authoritarian states face a dilemma between building a loyal military to guard against domestic threats and a professional military that can guard against foreign threats. In this article, I argue that leaders respond to domestic threats by promoting loyal officers and to foreign threats by promoting experienced officers. I draw on a new dataset, the first of its kind, of over 12,000 appointments to the People's Liberation Army of China. The data show that career ties and combat experience are critical for officer promotion to key military and party offices. However, in periods of high domestic threat, party leaders promote unusually large numbers of officers with personal ties to the top leader. In periods of foreign threat, on the other hand, leaders are more likely to promote officers with prior combat experience. The article challenges the conventional wisdom, showing how autocrats face a trade‐off between guarding against internal and external threats.
Impact of an improved driveline management for HeartMate II and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Mutsuga Masato , Okumura Takahiro , Morimoto Ryota , Kondo Toru , Ito Hideki , Terazawa Sachie , Tokuda Yoshiyuki , Narita Yuji , Nishida Kazuki , Murohara Toyoaki , Usui Akihiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the impact of a standardized driveline care strategy, including a subfascial‐tunneling method and dressing protocol, on the incidence of driveline infection (DLI).MethodsDLI data from all HeartMate II (HMII) and HeartMate 3 (HM3) patients (including exchange devices) were retrospectively collected between 2013 and 2021. The driveline subfascial‐tunneling method was altered in three steps (A: right direct; B: left triple, C: right triple), and the shower protocol was changed in two steps (A: with/without cover, B: with cover). Disinfection was individually tailored after changing the shower protocol. Complications associated with morbidity and mortality were evaluated for each modification.ResultsDuring the study period, 80 devices were implanted (HMII, n = 54; HM3, n = 26). The 8‐year incidence of DLI was 15% (n = 8) in HMII patients and 0% in HM3 patients (p = 0.039). DLI was not associated with hospital mortality. The modified dressing protocol and tunneling method was associated with a significantly better DLI incidence rate in comparison to the previous one: Protocol‐A (n = 17), Protocol‐B (n = 63), 35% vs 3% (p = 0.0009), Method‐A (n = 13), Method‐B (n = 42), Method‐C (n = 25), 46% vs 5% vs 0% (p = 0.0001). The rete of freedom form DLI at 1, 2, and 3 years had also significant difference between groups: Protocol‐A and Protocol‐B, 80%, 54%, 54% vs 96%, 96%, 96%, respectively (p < 0.0001), Method‐A, Method‐B and Method‐C, 76%, 44%, 44%, vs 94%, 94%, 94% vs 100%, 100%, respectively (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsA standardized triple driveline tunneling strategy and waterproof dressing protocol reduced driveline infection in HM3 patients to 0%.
Impact of advanced practice providers on characteristics and quality of care of patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kam Leslie Y. , Huang Daniel Q. , Tobias Alfred F. , Poon Kitty , Henry Linda , Kwo Paul , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundAdvanced practice providers (APP) may be able to play a role in improving the linkage to care in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but data are limited.AimTo compare management of patients with CHB under APP‐assisted versus physician‐only careMethodsThis retrospective analysis identified patients with CHB infection from Optum's de‐identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (2003–2021) using ICD‐9/ICD‐10 codes. We compared the proportion of patients with CHB who had adequate evaluation for treatment (defined as ALT, HBV DNA, ± HBeAg), and the proportion of treatment‐eligible patients with CHB who received treatment between APP versus physician‐only care.ResultsWe included 42,140 eligible patients (mean age: 51.9 ± 15.1; 56.1% male). Overall, 34.3% received APP care with increasing utilisation over time. Compared to physician‐only care, patients who also received APP care were more likely to have viral co‐infection, and more likely to have been seen by a specialist (72.1%). Overall, 62.8% and 56.2% of treatment‐eligible patients based on AASLD and EASL guidelines, respectively, received treatment. APP care patients were more likely to be treated (AASLD adjusted HR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03–1.34; EASL adjusted HR:1.24, 95%CI: 1.09–1.41) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, viral dual infection, baseline cirrhosis/liver cancer, number of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase measurements, and physician provider type.ConclusionTreatment‐eligible patients with CHB receiving APP care were more likely to receive antiviral therapy. APP care may help to expand the pool of providers for patients with CHB, and to improve current suboptimal treatment rates.
Distinguishing appropriate from inappropriate conditions on research participation
Authors: Steel Robert , Wendler David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividuals do not have a right to participate in clinical trials. But, they do have a right against being denied participation for inappropriate reasons. Despite the widespread endorsement of these two claims, there has been little discussion regarding which conditions for participation in clinical trials are appropriate and which are inappropriate. The present manuscript attempts to address this gap in the literature. We first describe and then argue against the claim that conditions on enrollment or continued participation are appropriate only when they are needed to answer the scientific question(s) posed by the trial. We then offer an alternative view according to which the appropriateness of conditions depends on whether they help to satisfy the ethical requirements of clinical research. Because these requirements include social value, the present view implies that promoting social value is an acceptable reason to impose conditions on research participation. With this in mind, we explain why it is not coercive to require potential participants to accept conditions on enrollment that promote a trial's social value, even when the participants find those conditions unwelcome. We conclude by evaluating the present proposal's implications for the common practice of requiring participants to agree to the possible use of their leftover biospecimens in a broad range of future research. We argue, contra current regulatory policy, that this practice can be acceptable even when the present trial offers participants the prospect of clinical benefit and the samples are being reserved for future research that is unrelated to the present trial.
Therapeutic effects of Rosa canina, Urtica dioica and Tanacetum vulgare herbal combination in treatment of tinnitus symptoms: A double‐blind randomised clinical trial
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Atefi Amirhomayoun , Mehri Afsaneh , Sodeifian Fatemeh , Yousefi Jaleh , Bagheri Hagh Ali , Sohrabpour Saeed , Kazemi Fatemeh , Ajalloueian Mohammad , Saeedi Masoumeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Neurotec® herbal capsule (100 mg twice a day for 3 months) on the tinnitus symptoms in comparison with the placebo.DesignA double‐blind randomised clinical trial.SettingOtolaryngology clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital.ParticipantsPatients suffering from subjective tinnitus.Main Outcome MeasuresPure tone audiometry was measured at .5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 kHz frequencies before and after the third month of intervention. In addition, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire as well as visual analogue scale (VAS) for tinnitus loudness, daily annoyance, daily life or sleep disturbance, daily perception and mood alteration were evaluated.ResultsFinally, 103 (69 males and 34 females) patients with a mean age of 51.33 ± 13.91 years were analysed. In contrast with control group, patients in intervention group showed a remarkable decrease in THI score after 3 months of treatment (p < .05). Although both groups had improvements in VAS scores, mood disturbance, daily tinnitus perception and daily life alteration scores were only improved in the intervention group. The mean pure tone air and bone conduction were not significantly different between the control and the intervention group at baseline and 3 months after the intervention at .5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz (p > .05).ConclusionA 3‐month treatment with Neurotec capsules in addition to patient education is of benefit for managing symptoms in patients with chronic tinnitus.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and postoperative outcomes after total and subtotal colectomy: A nationwide retrospective cohort study (RIALTCOT Study Collaborative Group)
Authors: Ocaña Juan , Pastor Paula , Timoteo Ander , Diez‐Alonso Manuel Mariano , de la Portilla Fernando , Cagigas Carmen , Labalde‐Martínez María , Espin Eloy , Dujovne Paula , Nieto Marta , González Manuel , Sanz Rodrigo , Pascual Marta , Aguirre‐Allende Ignacio , Cervera Jorge , Jiménez‐Carneros Virginia , Guadalajara Hector , García‐Granero Alvaro , Fernández‐Cebrián José María , Die‐Trill Javier ,   collaborators from the RIALTCOT Study Collaborative Work
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimAnastomotic leakage (AL) following ileorectal (IRA) or ileosigmoid (ISA) anastomosis is associated with a high morbidity. The identification of potential risk factors for AL could change operative planning and reduce further complications. This study assesses the rate, potential risk factors and management of AL after total colectomy (TC) and subtotal colectomy (STC).MethodsA nationwide, multicentre, retrospective cohort study involved 26 Spanish referral centres. It included TC and STC with IRA or ISA patients between January 2013 and December 2020. Clinical data, primary surgery and complications were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for AL were performed. Management of Grade B–C AL and permanent stoma rate was assessed according to revisional surgeries.ResultsThe study included 1074 patients, 433 ISA group (40.3%) and 641 IRA group (59.7%). The overall incidence of AL was 14.3% with no differences between IRA and ISA (14.2% and 14.5% respectively), P = 0.871. Male sex, ASA score and lower total preoperative proteins were identified as independent risk factors for global and Grade B–C AL. Diverting ileostomy did not protect against AL (P = 0.084). Clavien–Dindo ≥IIIA complication was found in 251 patients (23.3%). Stoma reversal was not possible in 85 patients (8.1%), being more frequent after anastomosis excision and terminal ileostomy in AL Grade C.ConclusionTotal colectomy and STC with IRA or ISA are high‐risk procedures with an increased AL rate. Male sex, ASA score and lower preoperative protein level were associated with global AL and AL Grade B and C. A lower permanent stoma rate could be obtained when diverting ileostomy is performed in revision surgery.
Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in COVID‐19 recovered patients: A short‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Kunal Shekhar , Bagarhatta Prachi , Palleda Girish M. , Bansal Ankit , Batra Vishal , Daga Mradul K. , Tyagi Sanjay , Sharma Ashok , Bansal Kalpana , Agarwal Ritu , Gupta Mohit D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCardiac involvement in recovered COVID‐19 patients assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsSubjects recently recovered from COVID‐19 and with an abnormal left ventricular global longitudinal strain were enrolled. Cardiac MRI in all the enrolled subjects was done at baseline (within 30–90 days following recovery from COVID‐19) with a follow‐up scan at 6 months in individuals with an abnormal baseline scan. Additionally, 20 age‐and sex‐matched individuals were enrolled as healthy controls (HCs).ResultsAll the 30 enrolled subjects were symptomatic during active COVID‐19 disease and were categorized as mild: 11 (36.7%), moderate: 6 (20%), and severe: 13 (43.3%). Of the 30 patients, 16 (53.3%) had abnormal CMR findings. Myocardial edema was reported in 12 (40%) patients while 10 (33.3%) had late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). No difference was observed in terms of conventional left ventricular (LV) parameters; however, COVID‐19‐recovered patients had significantly lower right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction, RV stroke volume, and RV cardiac index compared to HCs. Follow‐up scan was abnormal in 4/16 (25%) with LGE persisting in three patients (who had severe COVID‐19 [3/4;75%]). Subjects with severe COVID‐19 had a greater frequency of LGE (53.8%) and myocardial edema (61.5%) as compared to mild and moderate cases. Myocardial T1 (1284 ± 43.8 ms vs. 1147.6 ± 68.4 ms; p < .0001) and T2 values (50.8 ± 16.7 ms vs. 42.6 ± 3.6 ms; p = .04) were significantly higher in post COVID‐19 subjects compared to HCs. Similarly, T1 and T2 values of severe COVID‐19 patients were significantly higher compared to mild and moderate cases.ConclusionsAn abnormal CMR was seen in half of the recovered patients with persistent abnormality in one‐fourth at 6 months. Our study suggests a need for closer follow‐up among recovered subjects in order to evaluate for long‐term cardiovascular sequelae. COVID‐19 causes structural changes in the myocardium in a small segment of patients with partial spontaneous resolution.