bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Case of Spontaneous Basilar Artery Stroke in an Operated Child with Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Shah Krishna , Jain Shrey , Sinha Ajit K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCraniopharyngiomas are the most commonly presented nonglial tumors in child patients. They cause significant morbidity and mortality, both before and after surgery. The most common immediate postsurgery complications are attributable to pituitary insufficiency. Neurovascular complications account for only 2.7 to 2.9% surgical cases, and usually involve the vessels of the Circle of Willis. Thrombosis or vasospasm of the vessels of posterior circulation is unheard of. Here, we are reporting a unique case of a child with craniopharyngioma who developed acute spontaneous basilar artery thrombosis and posterior circulation stroke 6 days after surgery.
Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Development of Predictive Model to Help in Decision-Making for Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease
Authors: Purohit Gaurav , Choudhary Madhur , Sinha V. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Context The aim of the study was to develop a prognostic model using artificial intelligence for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine disease for change in pain, functional status, and patient satisfaction based on preoperative variables included in following categories—sociodemographic, clinical, and radiological.
Methods and Materials A prospective cohort of 180 patients with lumbar degenerative spine disease was included and divided into three classes of management—conservative, decompressive surgery, and decompression with fixation. Preoperative variables, change in outcome measures (visual analog scale—VAS, Modified Oswestry Disability Index—MODI, and Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score—NCOS), and type of management were assessed using Machine Learning models. These were used for creating a predictive tool for deciding the type of management that a patient should undergo to achieve the best results. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to identify prognostic factors of significance.
Results The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the discrimination capability of various machine learning models. Random Forest Classifier gave the best ROC-AUC score in all three classes (0.863 for VAS, 0.831 for MODI, and 0.869 for NCOS), and the macroaverage AUC score was found to be 0.842 suggesting moderate discriminatory power. A graphical user interface (GUI) tool was built using the machine learning algorithm thus defined to take input details of patients and predict change in outcome measures.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that machine learning can be used as a tool to help tailor the decision-making process for a patient to achieve the best outcome. The GUI tool helps to incorporate the study results into active decision-making.
Anesthetic Considerations for a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Having a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm for Endovascular Coiling: A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Shalvi , Narayanan Vidhya , Bhatia Vikas , Narayan Vinitha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 1,000 people worldwide. Intracranial aneurysms are an important extrarenal complication with a prevalence of 9 to 12%. The definitive management of an aneurysm includes surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. There is a paucity of literature regarding the anesthetic management of such patients. The pre-existing renal condition is an additional challenge in the management of these patients as the complications associated with chronic kidney disease are superimposed on those due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Here, we describe anesthetic management of a patient with ADPKD who had a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, for which endovascular coiling was done.
Extra-Axial Cystic Meningioma without Dural Attachment in an Adult: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Kukreja Sanjay , Dhal Gagan , Devani Kavin , Patel Mehool , Wankhede Ravi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntraparenchymal meningiomas, meningiomas without dural attachment, and cystic meningioma are atypical and extremely rare, especially in adults. Only four cases of intraparenchymal cystic meningioma without dural attachment have been reported. A 47-year-old female presented with an altered sensorium. She had a progressive bifrontal headache for 2 months. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed an 8 cm × 6 cm cystic lesion with a solid component in the left frontoparietal region with a midline shift. The solid part of the lesion was enhancing on contrast but the cyst rim was not. Intraoperatively, the cyst was filled with amber-colored fluid, which was drained, and the solid component was completely excised. Histopathological examination of the solid tumor component confirmed cystic meningioma. At 2 years of follow-up, she has no evidence of recurrence. We report the fifth case of this very rare entity and review the literature.
The Vital Role of 131I-MIBG in Localization of Paraganglioma at Unusual Sites
Authors: Singhal Tejasvini , Singh Parneet , Veerwal Hardik , Narayan Manishi L 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParagangliomas (PGLs) are extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumors. PGL of the urinary bladder are very rare and commonly present with features of hypertensive crisis, headache, syncope, and other symptoms of sympathetic excess. A few of these tumors are silent at the presentation. Here, we report a case of a urinary bladder PGL, presenting with lower abdominal pain.
The Impact of Delay in Treatment on Survival in Surgically Managed Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Authors: Qatanani Anas M. , Eide Jacob G. , Harris Jacob C. , Brant Jason A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and multimodal therapy is the standard of care. We sought to characterize treatment delays in SNUC managed with surgery and adjuvant radiation and to determine the impact on survival using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
Methods This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients with SNUC between 2004 and 2016 in the NCDB. The intervals of diagnosis to surgery (DTS), surgery to radiation (SRT), and radiation duration (RTD) were examined. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed to identify the variables with the greatest impact on survival. The association between treatment delay and overall survival (OS) was then assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.
Results Of 173 patients who met inclusion criteria, 65.9% were male, average age at diagnosis was 56.6 years, and 5-year OS was 48.1%. Median durations of DTS, SRT, and RTD were 18, 43, and 46 days, respectively. Predictors of treatment delay included Black race, government insurance excluding Medicare/Medicaid, and positive margins. RPA-derived optimal thresholds were 29, 28, and 38 days for DTS, SRT and RTD, respectively. On multivariate analysis, positive margins (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–10.2) and DTS less than 29 days (HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.23–4.73) were associated with worse OS.
Conclusion Our results likely reflect the aggressive nature of the disease with surgeons taking more invasive disease to the operating room more quickly. Median treatment intervals described may serve as relevant national benchmarks.
Multimode fiber ruler for detecting nanometric displacements
Authors: Abrashitova Ksenia , Amitonova Lyubov V. 
Published: August 2022

Light is a perfect tool for numerous metrology applications. To deliver light to hard-to-reach places, fiber probes are widely used. Hair-thin endoscopes based on multimode fibers offer exceptional performance in terms of information density and instrument footprint. Here, we integrate optical metrology into a flexible fiber probe and present a multimode fiber ruler for detecting nanometric displacements. A fast single-shot measurement demonstrates two-dimensional resolving power of 1.8 nm, which is 670 times smaller than the diffraction limit of the optical system and 24 times smaller than the demagnified image pixel size. The multimode fiber ruler does not require detailed field mapping; therefore, low-magnification optical systems can be used to increase the light intensity on a sensor. Moreover, the proposed approach does not rely on any special structures, such as optical grating or metasurfaces. A high-resolution two-dimensional fingerprint is naturally “printed” on the multimode fiber output facet. Our results enable fiber-based displacement measurements with nanometer precision, establishing a new benchmark for fiber-based optical alignment sensors and metrology.
Target imaging in scattering media using ghost imaging optical coherence tomography
Authors: Huyan Decai , Lagrosas Nofel , Shiina Tatsuo 
Published: August 2022

When the conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures the transmittance and the absorbance of the target in the scattering media, its image is affected by the scattering media and gets a modulated target profile. Due to the influence of scattering and absorption by the media, the conventional OCT cannot eliminate this modulation. By using our proposed idea, ghost imaging-OCT (GI-OCT), to apply the GI technique to the measurement path of OCT, we can reconstruct the target profile in the scattering media without modulation. In this work, we introduce and demonstrate the concept and the experimental method of GI-OCT. This application can correct the influence of the scattering media for the target optical profile due to the advantage of the GI technique, which suppresses noise, here, modulated by scattering. Comparing the experimental results of the corrected target image with the original target image, we obtain the same distributions in the binarized images, and the error of the character size in the binarized deconvoluted image is less than the resolution of the image (0.04 mm), proving that the method successfully reconstructs the image without the scattering media influence.
Elements of Planar Geometry
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A. 
Published: August 2022

Trigonometric functions are fundamental in physics and found throughout physics. Trigonometric functions, in turn, may be defined through the Trigonometric Circle in analytic planar geometry. Analytic planar geometry is the study of planar geometry through the application of coordinate systems. We are thus lead to discuss planar geometry.
In this chapter, we will discuss geometric properties of points and geometric figures in a plane (planar geometry).
Three-dimensional porous tungsten via DLP 3D printing from transparent ink
Authors: Zan Xiuqi , Wang Xinyu , Shi Kaihua , Feng Yan , Shu Jun , Liao Jun , Wang Richu , Peng Chaoqun , Magdassi Shlomo , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tungsten, an essential refractory metal material, has the characteristics of high melting and boiling points, high hardness, low expansion coefficient, and low vapor pressure. An indirect strategy to print three-dimensional (3D) refractory metal materials via digital light processing (DLP) followed by a post-treatment process was proposed. To analyze this strategy, a transparent ink with tungsten salts was developed, printed into a 3D precursor via DLP, and subsequently transited into 3D porous tungsten. The ultraviolet rheological properties and stability of the ink, transition process from the precursor to a 3D article, and the properties of the obtained 3D porous tungsten were investigated. This ink was preferable for DLP 3D printing, possessing consistency, stability and favorable absorbance at the wavelength of 385 nm. With increasing temperature, the weight of the tungsten salt in the 3D precursor decreased by 8.97% and was transited to tungsten oxide below 460 °C, reduced to pure nano-sized tungsten at approximately 700 °C, and finally sintered into porous articles. The organics initially contributed to polymerization during printing as well as reduction as a carbon reducer after pyrolysis. The pore size distribution of porous tungsten is nonlinear or multimodal, depending on the final sintering temperature. At 1200 °C, two distinct peaks are observed in the pore distribution curves of the products. At 1400 °C, the small pore as a whole decreases from approximately 100–1000 nm. Correspondingly, the relative density of the samples increased with temperature.
Recent advances in MXenes and their composites for wearable sensors
Authors: Meng Qi , Yang Cao , Tai Xiaolin , Cheng Kang , Li Pengfei , Li Hongpeng , Liu Xuying , Liu Shuiren 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flexible wearable sensors have attracted significant interests and created high technological impact on human health monitoring, environmental pollutant detection and bimolecular identification. For sensors, the choice of sensing materials is a crucial priority. As a rising star in the family of two-dimensional materials, MXenes has metal-like electrical properties, adjustable surface chemical property, hydrophilicity and excellent mechanical properties, making them attractive for building different high-performance sensors. This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MXene-based sensor technology. The synthetic methods and basic properties of MXenes are first briefly introduced. The representative research progresses in MXene-based pressure sensors, strain sensors, gas sensors and electrochemical biosensors are then presented. Finally, the main challenges and future prospects of MXene-based materials in wearable sensor applications are discussed.
Costly reputation building still promotes the collective trust within the networked population
Authors: Xia Chengyi , Hu Zhengyang , Zhao Dawei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Trust is of vital importance to economic development, social harmony, political stability and cultural succession in the real world, and then understanding how trust emerges and evolves in a selfish population has long been a significant and challenging issue. From the perspective of trustees, we investigate how reputation building and cost for trustees with dynamic adaptive reputation affect the evolution of trust. Trustees can spend specific funds or costs to build or maintain their reputation, which then enhances their own social competitiveness during the trust evolution. Considering the heterogeneity of individual cost, sigmoid function is used to describe the relationship between reputation and cost. It is found that trust and trustworthiness could still emerge and persist even if reputation building is costly. Meanwhile, the moderate level of willingness to build the reputation or the middle reputation cost is more conducive to the evolution of trust, otherwise it could result in the deterioration of trust behaviors among agents. The current results are helpful to illustrate the evolution of trust and cooperation within the networked population.
A quantum model of lasing without inversion
Authors: Werren Nicholas , Gauger Erik M , Kirton Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starting from a quantum description of multiple Λ-type three-level atoms driven with a coherent microwave field and incoherent optical pumping, we derive a microscopic model of lasing from which we move towards a consistent macroscopic picture. Our analysis applies across the range of system sizes from nanolasers to the thermodynamic limit of conventional lasing. We explore the necessary conditions to achieve lasing without inversion in certain regimes by calculating the non-equilibrium steady state solutions of the model at, and between, its microscopic and macroscopic limits. For the macroscopic picture, we use mean-field theory to present a thorough analysis of the lasing phase transition. In the microscopic case, we exploit the underlying permutation symmetry of the density matrix to calculate exact solutions for N three-level systems. This allows us to show that the steady state solutions approach the thermodynamic limit as N increases, restoring the sharp non-equilibrium phase transition in this limit. We demonstrate how the lasing phase transition and degree of population inversion can be adjusted by simply varying the phase of the coherent driving field. The high level of quantum control presented by this microscopic model and the framework outlined here have applications to further understanding and developing nanophotonic technology.
Investigation of ferromagnetism and dual donor defects in Y-doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Sukumaran Arya , Sivanantham N , Vinoth E , Gopalakrishnan N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report here the room temperature ferromagnetism in Y-doped ZnO thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. XRD and Raman spectra analysis revealed that pristine and Y-doped ZnO thin films are crystallised in hexagonal wurtzite structure. XPS was performed to confirm the electronic states of elements present in the films. FESEM images of the films were recorded to study their morphological properties. EDAX analysis was also performed to confirm the presence of Y in ZnO thin films. The point defects in the samples were analysed using photoluminescence spectrometer and EPR spectrometer to understand the mechanism behind the magnetic properties exhibited. It is found that zinc interstitial (Zni
+) and oxygen vacancy (VO
+) defects coexist in the samples and help in setting ferromagnetic properties in Y-doped ZnO thin films. VSM analysis indicated that Y-doped ZnO thin films show ferromagnetic nature while the pure ZnO thin film exhibits diamagnetic behaviour. The dual donor defect (Zni
+ and VO
+) assisted bound magnetic polaron model has been proposed to explain the Y-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor system. It has been observed that the results are more reliable and reproducible.
One spectrum to cure them all: signature from early Universe solves major anomalies and tensions in cosmology
Authors: Hazra Dhiraj Kumar , Antony Akhil , Shafieloo Arman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acoustic peaks in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature spectrum as observed by the Planck satellite appear to be smoother than our expectation from the standard model lensing effect. This anomalous effect can be also mimicked by a spatially closed Universe with a very low value of Hubble constant that consequently aggravates the already existing discordance between cosmological observations. We reconstruct a signature from the early Universe, a particular form of oscillation in the primordial spectrum of quantum fluctuations with a characteristic frequency, that solves all these anomalies. Interestingly, we find this form of the primordial spectrum resolves or substantially subsides, various tensions in the standard model of cosmology in fitting different observations, namely Planck CMB, clustering and weak lensing shear measurements from several large scale structure surveys, local measurements of Hubble constant, and recently estimated age of the Universe from globular clusters. We support our findings phenomenologically, by proposing an analytical form of the primordial spectrum with similar features and demonstrate that it agrees remarkably well with various combinations of cosmological observations. We support further our findings theoretically, by introducing a single scalar field potential for inflation that can generate such a form of the primordial spectrum.
No country for old borosilicate triple-point-of-water cells
Authors: Dedyulin Sergey , Peruzzi Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temperature calibration labs all around the world typically maintain a set of several triple-point-of-water (TPW) cells for regular measurements using the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). This set often includes more-than-10-year-old TPW cells made from a borosilicate glass. In this paper we summarize the problems with old borosilicate TPW cells, using the available literature data, the results of CCT.K7-2021 key comparison and NRC TPW measurements, and highlight the solution to these issues—vitreous-silica TPW cells. The latter have an exceptional long-term stability, as we demonstrate by using: (a) comparative measurements of the same-age, same-manufacturer vitreous-silica and borosilicate TPW cells at NRC in a period from 2007 to 2021, and (b) inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of impurities present in the 18 year-old vitreous-silica outlier, cell Q325. Remarkably, not only all NRC vitreous-silica TPW cells remained stable over a 15 years time period, unlike their borosilicate counterparts, but the amount of impurities in the ‘coldest’ cell Q325 (−31 μK from the intercomparison reference value) is comparable to that in the newly purchased vitreous-silica cells. We argue that the most accurate TPW measurements, such as for defining the national TPW references and for the international key comparisons, should rely exclusively on vitreous-silica TPW cells.
The innards of the cell: studies of water dipolar relaxation using the ACDAN fluorescent probe
Authors: Otaiza-González Santiago , Cabadas Manuel , Robert German , Stock Roberto P , Malacrida Leonel , Lascano Ramiro , Bagatolli Luis A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article reviews the use of the 6-acetyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (ACDAN) fluorophore to study dipolar relaxation in cells, tissues, and biomimetic systems. As the most hydrophilic member of the 6-acyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene series, ACDAN markedly partitions to aqueous environments. In contrast to 6-lauroyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (LAURDAN), the hydrophobic and best-known member of the series used to explore relaxation phenomena in biological (or biomimetic) membranes, ACDAN allows mapping of spatial and temporal water dipolar relaxation in cytosolic and intra-organelle environments of the cell. This is also true for the 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN) derivative which, unlike LAURDAN, partitions to both hydrophobic and aqueous environments. We will (i) summarize the mechanism which underlies the solvatochromic properties of the DAN probes, (ii) expound on the importance of water relaxation to understand the intracellular environment, (iii) discuss technical aspects of the use of ACDAN in eukaryotic cells and some specialized structures, including liquid condensates arising from processes leading to liquid immiscibility and, (iv) present some novel studies in plant cells and tissues which demonstrate the kinds of information that can be uncovered using this approach to study dipolar relaxation in living systems.