bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscopic structural damage and permeability evolution of Shale subjected to freeze–thaw treatment
Authors: Wang Jun-Guang , Xuan Zhang-Qing , Jin Qiao , Sun Wei-Ji , Liang Bing , Yu Qing-Rong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo study the mesoscopic damage and permeability evolution characteristics of rock under freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles, freeze–thaw cycle experiments were carried out of shale under different F–T temperatures and numbers of cycles, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and permeability experiments of shale were conducted thereafter. On the basis of these experiments, the pores and permeability of the F–T shale were analyzed, and the existing permeability model is modified and improved; Therefore, the mesoscopic damage evolution characteristics and permeability evolution law of the F–T shale are obtained. It was found that with increasing number of cycles, the pore structure of the rock samples changed as the pore size expanded and the number of pores increased, and the average porosity also increased correspondingly. The influence of the F–T cycle temperature on the shale permeability was not as notable as that of the number of F–T cycles. Based on the SDR-REV permeability model, the spectral area ratio parameters of large pores and fractures in theT2spectrum were considered for correction, and a direct relationship between the permeability, F–T temperature and number of cycles was obtained via regression analysis. Compared to the experimental results, it was found that the modified model achieved a good applicability. The damage and permeability characteristics of shale under different F–T conditions were analysed from a microscopic perspective, which could yield an important reference for engineering construction in frozen soil areas.
Fine microstructure formation in steel under ultrafast heating and cooling
Authors: Yonemura Mitsuharu , Nishibata Hitomi , Fujimura Rina , Ooura Natsumi , Hata Kengo , Fujiwara Kazuki , Kawano Kaori , Yamaguchi Itsuki , Terai Tomoyuki , Inubushi Yuichi , Inoue Ichiro , Yabuuchi Toshinori , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates phase transformation kinetics under ultrafast cooling using femtosecond X-ray diffraction for the operand measurements of the dislocation densities in Fe–0.1 mass% C–2.0 mass% Mn martensitic steel. To identify the phase transformation mechanism from austenite (γ) to martensite (α′), we used an X-ray free-electron laser and ultrafast heating and cooling techniques. A maximum cooling rate of 4.0 × 103 °C s–1 was achieved using a gas spraying technique, which is applied immediately after ultrafast heating of the sample to 1200 °C at a rate of 1.2 × 104 °C s–1. The cooling rate was sufficient to avoid bainitic transformation, and the transformation during ultrafast cooling was successfully observed. Our results showed that the cooling rate affected the dislocation density of the γ phase at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of a retained γ owing to ultrafast cooling. It was discovered that Fe–0.1 mass% C–2.0 mass% Mn martensitic steels may be in an intermediate phase during the phase transformation from face-centered-cubic γ to body-centered-cubic α′ during ultrafast cooling and that lattice softening occurred in carbon steel immediately above the martensitic-transformation starting temperature. These findings will be beneficial in the study, development, and industrial utilization of functional steels.
Compound changes in temperature and snow depth lead to asymmetric and nonlinear responses in landscape freeze–thaw
Authors: Hatami Shadi , Nazemi Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCycles of freeze–thaw (FT) are among the key landscape processes in cold regions. Under current global warming, understanding the alterations in FT characteristics is of a great importance for advising land management strategies in northern latitudes. Using a generic statistical approach, we address the impacts of compound changes in air temperature and snow depth on FT responses across Québec, a Canadian province ~ 2.5 times larger than France. Our findings show significant and complex responses of landscape FT to compound changes in temperature and snow depth. We note a vivid spatial divide between northern and southern regions and point to the asymmetric and nonlinear nature of the FT response. In general, the response of FT characteristics is amplified under compound warming compared to cooling conditions. In addition, FT responses include nonlinearity, meaning that compounding changes in temperature and snow depth have more severe impacts compared to the cumulative response of each individually. These asymmetric and nonlinear responses have important implications for the future environment and socio-economic management in a thawing Québec and highlight the complexity of landscape responses to climatic changes in cold regions.
Fungicidal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oils against Phytophthora colocasiae
Authors: Kalhoro Muhammad Talib , Zhang Hong , Kalhoro Ghulam Mujtaba , Wang Fukai , Chen Tianhong , Faqir Yahya , Nabi Farhan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, plant essential oils (EOs) have attracted special attention in plant disease control and food preservation. Since ancient times, essential oils extracted from plants have exhibited many biological characteristics, especially antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have described the potentials of EOs and derivatives to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, mainly in response of overwhelming concerns of consumers about food safety. In the context of returning to nature, with the advancement of science and technology and improved living standards, people have begun to seek solutions for food hygiene without chemical additives. Therefore, biological pesticides and plant-oriented chemicals have received special attention from scientists because they are environmentally friendly and nonhazardous, sustainable, and effective alternatives against many noxious phytopathogens. Present study is intended to appraise the fungicidal properties of ginger EOs to combat leaf blight disease of taro, which threatens global taro production. Farmers often hinge on extremely toxic synthetic fungicides to manage diseases, but the residual effects and resistance of chemicals are unavoidable. The microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was used for ginger EOs extraction and an FTIR (ATR) spectrometer was used to evaluate their chemical composition and citral was identified as most abundant compound (89.05%) in oil. The pathogen isolated from lesions of diseased taro plants was identified as Phytophthora colocasiae and used as test fungus in the present study. Ginger EO was evaluated in-vitro for antifungal properties against mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore germination, leaf, and corm necrosis inhibition. Repeated experiments have shown that the concentration of ginger essential oil (1250 ppm) proved to be the lowest dose to obtain 100% inhibition of fungal growth and spore germination, sporangia formation and leaf necrosis assessment. These results are derived from this fungal species and a hypothesis that involves further research on other plant pathogens to demonstrate the overall potency of essential oils. This study references the easy, economic, and environmental management and control of plant diseases using essential oils and byproducts.
Evaluation of S100A12 and Apo-A1 plasma level potency in untreated new relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their family members
Authors: Samangooei Mahsa , Farjam Mojtaba , Etemadifar Masoud , Taheri Atefeh , Meshkibaf Mohammad Hassan , Movahedi Bahram , Niknam Zahra , Noroozi Saam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord and brain. Receptor for advanced glycation end products and Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-AI) have been recommended to have a pathogenic role in the neuroinflammatory disorder as multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this research was to measure the plasma levels of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the first-degree family of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Plasma levels of S100A12 & Apo-A1 were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the thirty-five new cases of untreated patients with deterministic RRMS according to the McDonald criteria, twenty-four healthy controls, and twenty-six first-degree members of untreated RRMS patients (called them as high-risk group). The main findings of this study were as follows: the plasma level of S100A12 was significantly lower in the new cases of untreated RRMS (P ≤ 0.05; 0.045) and high-risk (P ≤ 0.05; 0.001) groups. Although the plasma protein level of Apo-A1 was reduced significantly in the high-risk group (P < 0.05, P = 0.003) as compared to the healthy control group, there was no significant difference in the untreated RRMS patients (P = 0.379). The plasma level of vitamin D3 in both RRMS patients and high-risk groups displayed significance reduction, although, there was no significant association between vitamin D and S100A12 & Apo-A1 levels. Given the role of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the inflammatory process performed in the first-degree family members of the RRMS patients, which revealed a significant decrease in this group, we concluded that they can be considered as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of MS, though more research is needed before assuming them as predictive biomarkers.
Transmutation of long-lived fission products in an advanced nuclear energy system
Authors: Sun X. Y. , Luo W. , Lan H. Y. , Song Y. M. , Gao Q. Y. , Zhu Z. C. , Chen J. G. , Cai X. Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDisposal of long-lived fission products (LLFPs) produced in reactors has been paid a lot attention for sustainable and clean nuclear energy. Although a few transmutation means have been proposed to address this issue, there are still scientific and/or engineering challenges to achieve efficient transmutation of LLFPs. In this study, we propose a novel concept of advanced nuclear energy system (ANES) for transmuting LLFPs efficiently without isotopic separation. The ANES comprises intense photoneutron source (PNS) and subcritical reactor, which consist of lead–bismuth (Pb-Bi) layer, beryllium (Be) layer, and fuel, LLFPs and shield assemblies. The PNS is produced by bombarding radioactive cesium and iodine target with a laser-Compton scattering (LCS) γ-ray beam. We investigate the effect of the ANES system layout on transmutation efficiency by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that a proper combination of the Pb-Bi layer and the Be layer can increase the utilization efficiency of the PNS by a factor of ~ 10, which helps to decrease by almost the same factor the LCS γ-beam intensity required for driving the ANES. Supposing that the ANES operates over 20 years at a normal thermal power of 500 MWt, five LLFPs including 99Tc, 129I, 107Pd, 137Cs and 79Se could be transmuted by more than 30%. Their effective half-lives thus decrease drastically from ~ 106 to less than 102 years. It is suggested that this successful implementation of the ANES paves the avenue towards practical transmutation of LLFPs without isotopic separation.
Perilla seed oil in combination with nobiletin-rich ponkan powder enhances cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: a possible supplement for brain health in the elderly
Authors: Hashimoto Michio , Matsuzaki Kentaro , Maruyama Koji , Hossain Shahdat , Sumiyoshi Eri , Wakatsuki Harumi , Kato Setsushi , Ohno Miho , Tanabe Yoko , Kuroda Yoko , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Kajima Koji , Ohizumi Yasushi , Shido Osamu 
Published: February 2022

Long-term intake of encapsulated perilla seed oil + immature ponkan powder enhances serum BDNF and antioxidant potential, and may improve age-related cognitive decline in healthy elderly Japanese by increasing red blood cell ω-3 fatty acid levels.
Space–time receiver for spread spectrum communication systems with beam tracking
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Zhang Baosheng , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA method based on beam tracking in an underwater acoustic (UWA) time‐varying channel was proposed to improve the performance of UWA spread spectrum communication systems using arrays. In the ocean, the acoustic signal reaches the receiver through various paths, and the signal on each path has its own propagation delay and incidence angle. To effectively use the time and space characteristics of the received signal in a typical time‐varying or all types of UWA channels of mobile communication scenarios, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm constantly updates the beam orientation. In addition, the receiving signal beamforming and maximum ratio combination can solve the severe inter‐symbol interference in a sea channel and significantly improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the received signal; the UWA spread spectrum communication system is more reliable. Through computer simulation and an actual pool experiment, a space–time receiver for an UWA spread spectrum communication system with beam tracking was successfully implemented.
Spatially resolved star-formation relations of dense molecular gas in NGC 1068
Authors: Sánchez-García M. , García-Burillo S. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Colina L. , Usero A. , Querejeta M. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Fuente A. 
Published: February 2022

Context. According to the current understanding of star formation (SF), the regulation of this phenomenon in galaxy disks reflects a complex balance between processes that operate in molecular gas on local cloud scales as well as on global disk scales.
Aims. We analyse the influence of the dynamical environment on the SF relations of the dense molecular gas in the starburst (SB) ring of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068.
Methods. We used ALMA to image the emission of the 1–0 transitions of HCN and HCO+, which trace dense molecular gas in the r ∼ 1.3 kpc SB ring of NGC 1068, with a resolution of 56 pc. We also used ancillary data of CO(1–0) as well as CO(3–2) and its underlying continuum emission at the resolutions of ∼100 pc and ∼40 pc, respectively. These observations allow us to probe a wide range of molecular gas densities (nH2 ∼ 103 − 5 cm−3). The star-formation rate (SFR) in the SB ring of NGC 1068 is derived from Paα line emission imaged by HST/NICMOS. We analyse how different formulations of SF relations change depending on the adopted aperture sizes and on the choice of molecular gas tracer.
Results. The scatter in the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, linking the SFR density (ΣSFR) with the (dense) molecular gas surface density (Σdense), is about a factor of two to three lower for the HCN and HCO+ lines compared to that derived from CO(1–0) for a common aperture. Correlations lose statistical significance below a critical spatial scale of ≈300−400 pc for all gas tracers. The SF efficiency of the dense molecular gas, defined as SFEdense ≡ ΣSFR/Σdense, shows a scattered distribution as a function of the HCN luminosity (L′(HCN)) around a mean value of ≃0.01 Myr−1. An alternative prescription for SF relations, which includes the dependence of SFEdense on the combination of Σdense and the velocity dispersion (σ), resolves the degeneracy associated with the SFEdense − L′(HCN) plot. The SFEdense values show a positive trend with the boundedness of the gas, measured by the parameter b ≡ Σdense/σ2. We identify two branches in the SFEdense − b plot that correspond to two dynamical environments within the SB ring; they are defined by their proximity to the region where the spiral structure is connected to the stellar bar. This region corresponds to the crossing of two overlapping density wave resonances, where an increased rate of cloud-cloud collisions would favour an enhanced compression of molecular gas.
Conclusions. These results suggest that galactic dynamics plays a major role in the efficiency of the conversion of gas into stars. Our work adds supporting evidence that density-threshold SF models, which argue that the SFEdense should be roughly constant, fail to account for spatially resolved SF relations of dense gas in the SB ring of NGC 1068.
Therapeutischer Einsatz von Cannabis bei Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Leopold Karolina , Janetzky Wolfgang , Wietfeld Rita 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Bei Patienten mit Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis ist der Konsum von Cannabis und anderen psychoaktiven Substanzen weit verbreitet. Es besteht eine wissenschaftliche Evidenz, dass der hochdosierte und regelmäßige Freizeitkonsum von Cannabis mit nachteiligen Langzeitfolgen assoziiert ist. Und dennoch könnte die physiologische Bedeutung des Endocannabinoidsystems (ECS) den Einsatz von Cannabispräparaten – womöglich mit einem hohen Gehalt an Cannabidiol (CBD) – zur Therapie neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen als nützlich erscheinen lassen.
Ziel Darstellung der Grundlagen für die Wirksamkeit von medizinischem Cannabis bei neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen – insbesondere Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis – und kritische Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die beiden wichtigsten neuroaktiven Bestandteile von Cannabis sind CBD und Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC scheint psychose- und angstfördernd zu wirken und die Kognition zu beeinträchtigen. Basierend auf einer Recherche aktueller Literatur ist anzunehmen, dass CBD im Gegensatz zu THC nicht euphorisierend, sondern antikonvulsiv, analgetisch, angstlösend und antipsychotisch wirken könnte und möglicherweise die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit verbessern kann. Somit wäre CBD ein natürlicher Antagonist von THC. Während es eine hinreichende Evidenz gibt, dass der Freizeitkonsum von meist THC-lastigem Cannabis die psychische Gesundheit nachteilig beeinflusst und Psychosen fördert, gibt es Studien, die darauf hindeuten, dass CBD protektiv sein könnte. Allerdings mangelt es an hochwertigen kontrollierten klinischen Studien mit größeren Patientenzahlen und guter Methodik, um eine ausreichende Evidenz für den Einsatz von Cannabidiol in der klinischen Praxis zu begründen.
Chronisch krank in der Schule – schulische
Fähigkeiten von Kindern mit speziellem Versorgungsbedarf. Ergebnisse der
Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
Authors: Schlecht Jennifer , König Jochem , Urschitz Michael S. 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Zusammenhänge zwischen kindlichem Gesundheitsstatus
und weiterem Bildungsweg sind unklar. Wir beschreiben die Assoziation zwischen
einer chronischen Erkrankung (CE) und schulischen Fähigkeiten am Ende
der ersten Klasse.
PatientenIm Rahmen der Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
wurden insgesamt 2003 Schulanfänger der Region Mainz-Bingen rekrutiert.

Methode In einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden Kinder mit CE
mittels Elternfragebögen über ihren speziellen medizinischen
Versorgungsbedarf aufgrund einer CE identifiziert. Am Ende der ersten Klasse
schätzten Lehrkräfte die schulischen Fähigkeiten auf
einer 5-stufigen Skala von − 2 bis+2 in 5 Bereichen ein:
Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Sprache, Schriftsprache und soziale
Fähigkeiten. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem speziellen Versorgungsbedarf
und den schulischen Fähigkeiten erfolgte jeweils mit linearen gemischten
Regressionsmodellen unter Berücksichtigung potentieller Confounder. Ergebnisse In die Analysen wurden 1463 Kinder (51%
männlich) eingeschlossen. 15% der Kinder hatten einen speziellen
Versorgungsbedarf. Diese Kinder zeigten in den Bereichen Mathematik (adjustierte
Mittelwertsdifferenz: − 0,40; 95%
KI[− 0,57; − 0,23]) und Schriftsprache
(− 0,22; 95% KI[− 0,39;
− 0,05]) niedrigere schulische Fähigkeiten als Kinder
ohne Versorgungsbedarf. DiskussionWir haben erstmals für
Deutschland Hinweise darauf gefunden, in welchen schulischen Fähigkeiten
Kinder mit speziellem Versorgungsbedarf bereits früh in der
Bildungslaufbahn Defizite aufweisen könnten. Dies könnte sich
langfristig auf Bildungsabschlüsse und den späteren
sozioökonomischen Status auswirken. Schlussfolgerung Die
vorliegenden Ergebnisse hinterfragen die Inanspruchnahme und/oder
Wirksamkeit bestehender Versorgungs- und Fördermaßnahmen
für Kinder mit CE.
Die Migränepersönlichkeit
Authors: Stefan Evers , Gendolla Astrid , Haag Gunther , Jürgens Tim P. , Kropp Peter , Reuter Uwe 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Suche nach einer Migränepersönlichkeit ist in der Medizingeschichte nicht neu. Es gab verschiedene Ansätze, alle Menschen mit Migräne einem bestimmten Persönlichkeitstypus zuzuordnen. Dies ist aus heutiger Sicht gescheitert, obwohl es Verhaltensmerkmale und kognitive Besonderheiten gibt, die bei der Mehrzahl der Menschen mit Migräne auftreten. Dazu gehören ein unspezifisch erhöhter Neurotizismus-Score (am ehesten durch die Schmerzen bedingt) und eine mangelnde Habituation auf kognitive Reize zwischen den Migräneattacken. Ein weiterer Aspekt der „Migränepersönlichkeit“ ist die Komorbidität mit einigen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen wie Depression und Angsterkrankungen. Hierbei handelt es sich möglicherweise um gemeinsame pathophysiologische Grundlagen, die aber nicht in ein konsistentes psychiatrisches Krankheitsprofil bei Menschen mit Migräne münden. Weiterhin muss bei den Auswirkungen der Migräne auf die Betroffenen auch die deutlich beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität berücksichtigt werden, die inzwischen mit krankheitsspezifischen Instrumenten erfasst wird. Abschließend gibt dieser Artikel auch Hinweise, wie die o. g. spezifischen Aspekte der Migränepatienten im ärztlichen Gespräch berücksichtigt werden können.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Takotsubo Syndrom
Authors: Schneider Birke , Stöllberger Claudia 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Takotsubo Syndrom (TTS) ist gekennzeichnet durch akut auftretende transiente
Wandbewegungsstörungen des linken Ventrikels, denen angiografisch keine signifikanten
Koronarstenosen zugrunde liegen. Die Erkrankung tritt überwiegend bei älteren Frauen in
der Menopause auf, prinzipiell können jedoch Patienten jeden Alters und beiderlei
Geschlechts betroffen sein. Insgesamt wird bei etwa 2% aller Patienten mit dem Verdacht
auf ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) die Diagnose eines TTS gestellt; bei Frauen mit
ACS-Verdacht liegt die Inzidenz mit 6–9% deutlich höher. Als Triggerfaktor für ein TTS
findet sich bei Frauen häufiger emotionaler Stress und bei Männern physischer Stress. Im
Akutstadium der Erkrankung können schwerwiegende Komplikationen auftreten, die
Krankenhausmortalität ist vergleichbar mit der beim akuten Myokardinfarkt und bei Männern
infolge von Begleiterkrankungen höher als bei Frauen mit einem TTS. Aktuell existiert
keine evidenzbasierte Therapie. Um die Prognose des TTS im Akutstadium verbessern und
Rezidive verhindern zu können, sind prospektive randomisierte Studien erforderlich.