bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Feature Alignment Technique (FAT) in an Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation and Forecast System with Multiple-Storm Scenarios
Authors: Stratman Derek R. , Potvin Corey K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Storm displacement errors can arise from a number of potential sources of error within a data assimilation (DA) and forecast system. Conversely, storm displacement errors can cause issues for storm-scale, ensemble-based systems using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), such as NSSL’s Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS). A previous study developed a fully grid-based feature alignment technique (FAT) to mitigate these phase errors and their impacts. However, that study developed and tested the FAT for single-storm cases. This study advances that work by implementing an object-based merging and matching technique into the FAT and tests the updated FAT in more complex scenarios of multiple storms. Ensemble-based experiments are conducted with and without the FAT for each of the scenarios. The experiments’ analyses and forecasts of storm-related fields are then evaluated using subjective and objective methods. Results from these idealized multiple-storm experiments continue to reveal the potential benefits of correcting storm displacement errors. For example, running the FAT even once can mitigate the “spinup” period experienced by the no-FAT experiments. The new results also show that running the FAT prior to every DA cycling step generally leads to more skillful forecasts at the smaller scales, especially in earlier-initialized forecasts. However, repeatedly running the FAT prior to every DA step can eventually lead to deterioration in analyses and forecasts. Potential solutions to this problem include using longer cycling intervals and running the FAT prior to DA less often. Additional ways to improve the FAT along with other results are presented and discussed.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this work is to explore the impact of correcting storm displacements on analyses and forecasts of storms using an ensemble-based data assimilation and forecast system in an idealized framework. Storm displacement errors are a common problem in current operational and experimental storm-scale forecast systems, so understanding their impact on these systems and providing a method to help mitigate them is important. Results from this study indicate that correcting storm displacement errors with the feature alignment technique can greatly improve analyses and forecasts in multiple-storm scenarios. Future work will focus on exploring the impact of correcting storm displacement errors in a real-data, storm-scale data assimilation and forecast system.
Rapid diagnostic strategies using high sensitivity troponin assays: what is the evidence and how should they be implemented?
Authors: Collinson Paul , Dakshi Ahmed , Khand Aleem 
Published: May 2022

The introduction of high sensitivity measurement of cardiac troponin T (hs cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (hs cTnI) has given the laboratory the ability to measure very low levels of cardiac troponin. The limit of detection of these assays is well below the 99th percentile. These low levels can also be measured with small values of imprecision. A range of algorithms combining presentation measurement with repeat sample intervals of as little as one to 2 hours have been developed. These are able to predict with acceptable accuracy the diagnosis that would be achieved with continued repeat sampling out to six to 12 hours from presentation. In this article, we review the evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of these approaches and the practical aspects of implementation into routine clinical practice.
Local government’s response to dissatisfaction with centralized policies: the “do-it-yourself” approach
Authors: Uster Anna , Cohen Nissim 
Published: May 2022

The literature on intergovernmental relationships discusses the tension between centralization and local autonomy. However, few studies question local authorities’ response when dissatisfied with central government policies. Using Hirschman's model of exit, voice and loyalty, we explore local government's response to such dissatisfaction. Specifically, we suggest that local authorities may adopt a “do-it-yourself” approach, unilaterally engaging in semi-legal strategies to improve outcomes. This solves immediate local organizational problems, without waiting for approval. Using the Israeli case, we show how a pervasive culture of “do-it-yourself” affects local governments’ responses. We also discuss implications for the relationship between the two bodies. Points for practitioners Our findings shed light on local–central government relations, emphasizing the do-it-yourself approach. While this approach could strengthen political participation, increasing local government's involvement in public policy, it also enables local players to use semi-legal behaviors. Central government decision-makers might prevent these behaviors, strengthening administrative institutions’ enforce, regulatory enforcement and enhancing local autonomous political culture, transparency and integrity. By contrast, continuing to maintain weak formal institutions encourages the appearance of strong informal institutions.
Trabajando en ambos: Toward a Race Radical Mode of Study in Urban Latinx Educational Research and Politics
Authors: Mayorga Edwin 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Over the last 60 years, U.S. Latinxs have become the largest minoritized ethnic groups in the United States and U.S. schools, and despite progress and investments attained through activism in the streets, in the courtroom, in policy, and in research, schools chronically underserve Latinx youth, and they are as undereducated and underprepared today as they were in the 1960s. Findings like low rates of participation in early childhood programs, low graduation rates, and underpreparation for college success have led policymakers and scholars to declare that we are in the midst of a “Latinx education crisis.” Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: In this article, I think through the late Jean Anyon’s political economic “mode of study” as part of working toward a race radical approach to understanding and addressing the complexities of U.S. Latinx urban education. Setting/Population: The study takes place in the New York City neighborhood of East Harlem (El Barrio) and focuses on individuals and institutions involved in neighborhood politics and education. Research Design: The first half of this article is a theoretical analysis and discussion of Jean Anyon’s mode of study. The second half is drawn from a participatory historical ethnography I conducted with the Barrio Education Participatory Action Research (PAR) collaborative (#BarrioEdProject), which was comprised of myself and two college-aged youth co-researchers from El Barrio at the time of the study (2013–2014). The research collaborative designed and implemented the study, which included a series of multigenerational interviews, archival research, and observations of public events. Conclusions/Recommendations: If we are to robustly understand and address these issues, we must engage in a mode of study that attends to the ways the combined forces of capitalism and structural racism, or racial capitalism, give shape to the urban and educational ecosystems. We need to employ ways of knowing that are historical, holistic, and justice oriented.
Flavoring Patterns of Exclusive and Dual-Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes Among US Adults: Results from the TUS-CPS 2018-2019
Authors: Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Hirschtick Jana L. , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To describe patterns of menthol/non-menthol cigarettes with flavored e-cigarettes (tobacco, menthol, sweet/spicy, and other flavorings) use. Design We used cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Setting United States. Subjects Adults over 18 years old. Sample A nationally representative sample (n = 135 329). Measures We generated a 15-category variable of all combinations of cigarette and e-cigarette flavoring use. Analysis We estimated population prevalence (PP) for the 15-category flavored cigarette and e-cigarette use variable and proportion of flavored cigarette and e-cigarette use among adults who used cigarettes or e-cigarettes (PAU) by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and income. Results Exclusive menthol cigarette use was higher among NH Black (PP = 8.79%, PAU = 68.96%) and low-income (PP = 4.86%, PAU = 29.09%) compared to NH White (PP = 2.63%, PAU = 18.83%) and high-income participants (PP = 1.25%, PAU = 19.02%). Exclusive sweet/spicy e-cigarette use (PP = 1.32%, PAU = 10.22%) and exclusive menthol e-cigarette use (PP = .95%, PAU = 7.40%) was higher in younger (18-34) vs older (35+) adults (PP = .34% and PAU = 2.76%, and PP = .14%, PAU = 1.11%, respectively). Older dual users tended to combine the same flavor in both products (eg, menthol cigarettes + menthol e-cigarettes), while younger adults were more likely to combine menthol and non-menthol cigarettes with sweet/spicy e-cigarettes. Conclusion Findings suggest that a menthol cigarette ban might be most effective in conjunction with sweet/spicy e-cigarette flavor restrictions, given these flavors are attractive for younger adults.
Safety and efficacy of telitacicept in refractory childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A self-controlled before–after trial
Authors: Sun Li , Shen Qian , Gong Yinv , Li Yifan , Lv Qianying , Liu Haimei , Zhao Fei , Yu Haiguo , Qiu Lingzhi , Li Xiaozhong , He Xiaoliang , Chen Yuqing , Xu Zhiquan , Xu Hong 
Published: May 2022

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in refractory childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Methods A self-controlled before–after trial. Children with active SLE, aged 5–18 years, who cannot tolerate side effects of glucocorticoid, were enrolled in our study. Patients received subcutaneous injection of telitacicept weekly based on the standard treatment. SLE responder index-4 (SRI-4) was assessed before the first administration and at least 4 weeks after the first administration. Results Among the 15 cases of refractory cSLE, three were males (20%) and 12 were females (80%). The median age and weight were 13 years old and 52 kg, respectively. The median duration of disease was 30 months. 5–26 weeks (80 or 160 mg per week) after administration of telitacicept, 66.7% ( n=10) reached SRI-4 response. 12 cases reduced their glucocorticoid intake from 40 mg/d to 17.5 mg/d. The urinary protein after treatment declined in 8 cases whose 24-h proteinuria was >0.5 g at baseline. The urinary protein in two of the eight cases turned negative and plasma albumin in five of the eight cases rose to normal. In addition, three of these eight cases demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in renal impairment, whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min·1.73 m2) rose from 17.4 to 26.6, 40.7 to 48.2, and 63.2 to 146.0, respectively. There were mild to moderate adverse events after treatment. Conclusion Telitacicept combined with the standard treatment may significantly increase the SRI-4 response rate and reduce the glucocorticoid dosage in refractory cSLE, and also shown efficacy on lupus nephritis. The related adverse drug events were controllable.
Case study of hepatitis C virus control in Egypt: impact of access program
Authors: Waked Imam 
Published: May 2022

Background Although Egypt was the country with the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world, the availability of sofosbuvir based therapies enabled Egypt to be the first country to eliminate hepatitis C and cure more than 4 million chronically infected patients. Purpose This is a small tribute to John Martin. Methodology and conclusion Here I present a summary of the HCV problem in Egypt, and how we, through Gilead's Access program under his leadership, were able to eliminate the disease.
Discovery and development of oseltamivir at Gilead Sciences
Authors: Schmitz Uli , Swaminathan Swami 
Published: May 2022

John Martin’s untimely death in March 2021 was a huge loss for us personally, Gilead Sciences, the company he built over 30 years and the scientific community concerned with antiviral therapies. We wish to honor John’s legacy by retelling the discovery and history of Tamiflu and his contributions to it. Without his vision, persistence, and keen eye for opportunities, Tamiflu would not exist and Gilead’s path would not have been the same. His strategic thinking around the first oral flu drug is still quite relevant today, when we are still in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. John explained it simply in an interview with the Science History Institute in May 2020: “… most of my colleagues, we travel with Tamiflu when we go internationally, because it works for treatment and prevention, and hopefully, there will be a solution like that, eventually, for the Covid virus in addition to vaccines. Most people will get a flu vaccine every year, but there is still disease, we need a pill for treatment and prevention.”
Verbal fluency in bilingual school-age children: Looking at switching, clustering, and the effect of language experience
Authors: Brandeker Myrto , Thordardottir Elin 
Published: May 2022

Aims: The sparse available evidence on verbal fluency in bilingual children shows them to perform lower than monolinguals on semantic fluency (taken as indicating vocabulary) but on par or better on phonemic fluency (taken as indicating executive functioning). This study takes a more detailed look at verbal fluency skills in bilingual children by examining their search strategies, the extent to which verbal fluency skills are related to bilingual exposure, and how bilinguals perform on verbal fluency across their languages. Data and Analysis: First-graders ( n = 43) and third-graders ( n = 45) included monolingual speakers of French and French bilinguals who varied in their overall exposure to French and age of acquisition (AoA) to French. Participants were tested in French or in French and English on vocabulary and semantic and phonemic fluency. Language exposure was measured through detailed parent report. Group analyses, correlations, and regressions were conducted to examine performance and the involvement of language experience and vocabulary. Findings: Bilinguals performed lower than monolinguals on semantic fluency, but on par on phonemic fluency. Bilingual performance was not affected significantly by AoA or bilingual exposure. For all participants, performance was predicted by vocabulary size as well as cluster size and switching. However, the groups showed different use of search strategies. In semantic fluency, bilinguals relied more on switching, whereas monolinguals relied on both. Originality: The current paper related the measurement of search strategies (cluster size, switching) and the effect of language experience to the examination of verbal fluency in bilingual children. Implications: The results suggest that verbal fluency is dependent on vocabulary size, regardless of amounts of language exposure or AoA, and highlights need for more research into the relationship with other language skills, such as phonological awareness and reading ability.
The past as battlefield
Authors: Tomba Massimiliano 
Published: May 2022

What is the practice and the role of the historian? What does it mean to dig into marginalized and silenced histories? What does it mean to reactivate the contents of past insurgent moments? And who has the power to do it? These are some of the important questions that my generous interlocutors raise in their comments regarding the methodology, and the historiographical and political approach of my book. Indeed, Insurgent Universality outlines an alternative historiography capable of reactivating the histories of the struggling oppressed by putting their past attempts of liberation at the service of political and social alternatives to the present. The task of my historiography is to present the past as a battlefield, which begins from the very political assumptions that often operate behind the historian's back, and to provide a new viewpoint from which other political trajectories of modernity can be disclosed.
Combined technique as first approach in mechanical thrombectomy: Efficacy and safety of REACT catheter combined with stent retriever
Authors: Requena Manuel , Piñana Carlos , Olive-Gadea Marta , Hernández David , Boned Sandra , De Dios Marta , Rodrigo Marc , Rivera Eila , Muchada Marián , Cuevas José Luis , Rubiera Marta , García-Tornel Álvaro , Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Molina Carlos , Ribo Marc , Tomasello Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with combined treatment including both a stent retriever and distal aspiration catheter may improve recanalization rates in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Here, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the REACT aspiration catheter used with a stent retriever. Methods This prospective study included consecutive adult patients who underwent MT with a combined technique using REACT 68 and/or 71 between June 2020 and July 2021. The primary endpoints were final and first pass mTICI 2b-3 and mTICI 2c-3 recanalization. Analysis was performed after first pass and after each attempt. Secondary safety outcomes included procedural complications, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) at 24 h, in-hospital mortality, and 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2). Results A total of 102 patients were included (median age 78; IQR: 73–87; 50.0% female). At baseline, median NIHSS score was 19 (IQR: 11–21), and ASPECTS was 9 (IQR: 8–10). Final mTICI 2b-3 recanalization was achieved in 91 (89.2%) patients and mTICI 2c-3 was achieved in 66 (64.7%). At first pass, mTICI 2b-3 was achieved in 55 (53.9%) patients, and mTICI 2c-3 in 37 (36.3%). The rate of procedural complications was 3.9% (4/102), sICH was 6.8% (7/102), in-hospital mortality was 12.7% (13/102), and 90-day functional independence was 35.6% (36/102). Conclusion A combined MT technique using a stent retriever and REACT catheter resulted in a high rate of successful recanalization and first pass recanalization in a sample of consecutive patients with AIS due to LVO in clinical use.
Adipose-derived stem cells in patients with venous ulcers: Systematic review
Authors: Elsharkawi Mohamed , Ghoneim Baker , Westby Daniel , Jones Deirdre , Tawfick Wael , Walsh Stewart R 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Few studies have reported on the safety and durability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to support healing in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLU). To establish if there is any evidence to support ADSC use in VLU patients, a systematic review was conducted. Methods A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant papers. References from retrieved papers were reviewed to identify any extra eligible studies. Results After duplicate removal, 950 papers were screened for eligibility of which 932 were excluded based on title and abstract. Four papers were included in the final analysis (one randomised study and three non-randomised studies). 66 patients in total received ADSCs for VLU treatment. The only randomised paper reported 6-month healing rates of 75% with ADSCs compared to 50% in controls. 100% healing was achieved in one study. The remaining 2 studies reported 25% and 58% healing; however, they included patients with relatively large VLUs. Pain scores decreased after ADSCs application where reported. No serious procedure related complications were reported. Conclusion ADSCs may enhance ulcer healing in patients with chronic VLU and appears safe based on initial reports. Large, randomised trials are needed to definitively establish the technique’s role in VLU patients.
Outcomes of simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting: A single centre experience
Authors: Antuševas Aleksandras , Aladaitis Adomas , Velička Linas , Černevičiūtė Raminta , Gimžauskaitė Agnė , Bernotaitė Emilija , Inčiūra Donatas 
Published: May 2022

Objective Stroke following a coronary artery bypass surgery is a well-known complication often predisposed by carotid artery disease. Perioperative risk of stroke after on-pump cardiac surgery can overall affect 2% of patients. Patients with 80–99% unilateral carotid artery stenosis carry a 4% risk of stroke. Significant carotid artery stenosis is present in 3–10% of patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Those patients might be considered for either simultaneous or staged carotid endarterectomy and CABG to reduce the risk of stroke and death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and death and assess complications occurring during the early postoperative period after simultaneous CABG/CAE procedure. Methods A single centre retrospective analysis of 134 patients from 2015 to 2019 who underwent simultaneous CABG/CEA was performed. At the same period, a total of 2827 CABG were performed, of which 4.7% were simultaneous interventions. We excluded staged CEA/CABG procedures, off-pump CABG and urgent CABG patients. All patients included in the study met the criteria for elective CABG for triple-vessel or left main trunk symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) with asymptomatic >70% carotid stenosis or symptomatic ipsilateral >50% carotid stenosis regardless of the degree of contralateral carotid artery stenosis. Patient demographics, comorbidities and operative details were reviewed. The primary endpoint was to assess the intraoperative and 30-day risk of stroke and death after simultaneous CEA/CABG procedure. Results Simultaneous CEA/CABG is effective procedure that can be performed in high-risk symptomatic patients with acceptable results. Predictors of postoperative stroke were smoking ( P = 0.011), history of MI ( P = 0.046), history of CABG ( P = 0.013), and history of stroke/TIA ( P = 0.005). Significant risk factors for adverse major postoperative complications after simultaneous CEA/CABG procedure were cardiac arrhythmia (AF or AFL) ( P = 0.045), previous MI ( P < 0.001), and smoking ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Synchronous CEA/CABG procedure can be performed with acceptable results in patients having a high risk of stroke, septuagenarians and older.