bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomness-based macroscopic Franson-type nonlocal correlation
Authors: Ham Byoung S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFranson-type nonlocal correlation is related to Bell inequality violation tests and has been applied for quantum key distributions based on time bin methods. Using unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers, Franson correlation measurements result in an interference fringe, while local measurements do not. Here, randomness-based macroscopic Franson-type correlation is presented using polarization-based two-mode coherent photons, where the quantum correlation is tested by a Hong-Ou-Mandel scheme. Coherent photons are used to investigate the wave properties of this correlation. Without contradicting the wave-particle duality of quantum mechanics, the proposed method provides fundamental understanding of the quantum nature and opens the door to deterministic quantum information science.
Real-time infection prediction with wearable physiological monitoring and AI to aid military workforce readiness during COVID-19
Authors: Conroy Bryan , Silva Ikaro , Mehraei Golbarg , Damiano Robert , Gross Brian , Salvati Emmanuele , Feng Ting , Schneider Jeffrey , Olson Niels , Rizzo Anne G. , Curtin Catherine M. , Frassica Joseph , McFarlane Daniel C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfectious threats, like the COVID-19 pandemic, hinder maintenance of a productive and healthy workforce. If subtle physiological changes precede overt illness, then proactive isolation and testing can reduce labor force impacts. This study hypothesized that an early infection warning service based on wearable physiological monitoring and predictive models created with machine learning could be developed and deployed. We developed a prototype tool, first deployed June 23, 2020, that delivered continuously updated scores of infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 through April 8, 2021. Data were acquired from 9381 United States Department of Defense (US DoD) personnel wearing Garmin and Oura devices, totaling 599,174 user-days of service and 201 million hours of data. There were 491 COVID-19 positive cases. A predictive algorithm identified infection before diagnostic testing with an AUC of 0.82. Barriers to implementation included adequate data capture (at least 48% data was needed) and delays in data transmission. We observe increased risk scores as early as 6 days prior to diagnostic testing (2.3 days average). This study showed feasibility of a real-time risk prediction score to minimize workforce impacts of infection.
Multi-trait association study identifies loci associated with tolerance of low phosphorus in Oryza sativa and its wild relatives
Authors: Anandan Annamalai , Nagireddy Ranjitkumar , Sabarinathan Selvaraj , Bhatta Bishal Binaya , Mahender Anumalla , Vinothkumar Murugapandiyan , Parameswaran Chidambaranathan , Panneerselvam Periyasamy , Subudhi Hatanath , Meher Jitendriya , Bose Lotan Kumar , Ali Jauhar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe studied variation in adaptive traits and genetic association to understand the low P responses, including the symbiotic association of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization inOryzaspecies (O. sativa,O. nivara,andO. rufipogon). In the present experiment, we performed the phenotypic variability of the morphometric and geometric traits for P deficiency tolerance and conducted the association studies in GLM and MLM methods. A positive association between the geometric trait of the top-view area and root traits suggested the possibility of exploring a non-destructive approach in screening genotypes under low P. The AMOVA revealed a higher proportion of variation among the individuals as they belonged to different species ofOryzaand the NM value was 2.0, indicating possible gene flow between populations. A sub-cluster with superior-performing accessions had a higher proportion of landraces (42.85%), andO. rufipogon(33.3%) was differentiated by fourPup1-specific markers. Association mapping identified seven notable markers (RM259, RM297, RM30, RM6966, RM242, RM184, and PAP1) and six potential genotypes (IC459373, Chakhao Aumbi, AC100219, AC100062, Sekri, and Kumbhi Phou), which will be helpful in the marker-assisted breeding to improve rice for P-deprived condition. In addition, total root surface area becomes a single major trait that helps in P uptake under deficit P up to 33% than mycorrhizal colonization. Further, the phenotypic analysis of the morphometric and geometric trait variations and their interactions provides excellent potential for selecting donors for improving P-use efficiency. The identified potential candidate genes and markers offered new insights into our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms driving PUE and improving grain yield under low-P conditions.
SSR individual identification system construction and population genetics analysis for Chamaecyparis formosensis
Authors: Huang Chiun-Jr , Chu Fang-Hua , Huang Yi-Shiang , Tu Yu-Ching , Hung Yu-Mei , Tseng Yu-Hsin , Pu Chang-En , Hsu Cheng Te , Chao Chi-Hsiang , Chou Yu-Shyang , Liu Shau-Chian , You Ya Ting , Hsu Shuo-Yu , Hsieh Hsiang-Chih , Wang Chieh-Ting , Chen Chi-Tsong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChamaecyparis formosensis is an endemic species of Taiwan, threatened from intensive use and illegal felling. An individual identification system for C. formosensis is required to provide scientific evidence for court use and deter illegal felling. In this study, 36 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were developed. By applying up to 28 non-linked of the developed markers, it is calculated that the cumulative random probability of identity (CPI) is as low as 1.652 × 10–12, and the identifiable population size is up to 60 million, which is greater than the known C. formosensis population size in Taiwan. Biogeographical analysis data show that C. formosensis from four geographic areas belong to the same genetic population, which can be further divided into three clusters: SY (Eastern Taiwan), HV and GW (Northwestern Taiwan), and MM (Southwestern Taiwan). The developed system was applied to assess the provenance of samples with 88.44% accuracy rate and therefore can serve as a prescreening tool to reduce the range required for comparison. The system developed in this study is a potential crime-fighting tool against illegal felling.
A novel single-cell RNA-sequencing approach and its applicability connecting genotype to phenotype in ageing disease
Authors: Shomroni Orr , Sitte Maren , Schmidt Julia , Parbin Sabnam , Ludewig Fabian , Yigit Gökhan , Zelarayan Laura Cecilia , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin , Wollnik Bernd , Salinas Gabriela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle cell multi-omics analysis has the potential to yield a comprehensive understanding of the cellular events that underlie the basis of human diseases. The cardinal feature to access this information is the technology used for single-cell isolation, barcoding, and sequencing. Most currently used single-cell RNA-sequencing platforms have limitations in several areas including cell selection, documentation and library chemistry. In this study, we describe a novel high-throughput, full-length, single-cell RNA-sequencing approach that combines the CellenONE isolation and sorting system with the ICELL8 processing instrument. This method offers substantial improvements in single cell selection, documentation and capturing rate. Moreover, it allows the use of flexible chemistry for library preparations and the analysis of living or fixed cells, whole cells independent of sizing and morphology, as well as of nuclei. We applied this method to dermal fibroblasts derived from six patients with different segmental progeria syndromes and defined phenotype associated pathway signatures with variant associated expression modifiers. These results validate the applicability of our method to highlight genotype-expression relationships for molecular phenotyping of individual cells derived from human patients.
Associations of maternal gestational hypertension with high blood pressure and overweight/obesity in their adolescent offspring: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kuciene Renata , Dulskiene Virginija 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy may have an impact on fetal development and the health of the offspring in later life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of maternal gestational hypertension (GH) with high blood pressure (HBP) (prehypertension/hypertension) and overweight/obesity in their adolescent offspring at the age of 12 to 15 years. We analyzed data of 4819 participants born in Kaunas city during 1995–1998 who were included in the study “Prevalence and Risk Factors of HBP in 12–15-Year-Old Lithuanian Children and Adolescents”. The diagnosis of maternal gestational hypertension was obtained from medical records. Associations of maternal GH with their offspring’s HBP and overweight/obesity in adolescence were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among 4819 adolescents of 12–15 years of age, 25.7% had HBP, 12% had overweight, and 2.5% had obesity. Of 4819 mothers, 92.3% were normotensive during pregnancy, and 7.7% had GH. In the multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex, birth weight, adolescent BMI, and maternal pre/early pregnancy BMI, adolescent offspring born to mothers with GH had higher odds of prehypertension, hypertension, and prehypertension/hypertension (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.13–2.22; aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.41–2.47; and aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.39–2.24; respectively), compared to the offspring of normotensive mothers. After adjustment for age, sex, birth weight, and maternal pre/early pregnancy BMI, a significant association was found between maternal GH and the offspring’s overweight/obesity in adolescence (aOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04–1.91). The findings of this study suggest that maternal GH is associated with an increased odds of HBP (prehypertension and hypertension, both separately and combined) and overweight/obesity in their offspring during adolescence.
Reduced levels of pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Schousboe Peter , Ronit Andreas , Nielsen Henning B. , Benfield Thomas , Wiese Lothar , Scoutaris Nikolaos , Verder Henrik , Berg Ronan M. G. , Verder Povl , Plovsing Ronni R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo provide novel data on surfactant levels in adult COVID-19 patients, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid less than 72 h after intubation and used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to measure levels of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). A total of eleven COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS (CARDS) and 15 healthy controls were included. CARDS patients had lower DPPC levels than healthy controls. Moreover, a principal component analysis was able to separate patient groups into distinguishable subgroups. Our findings indicate markedly impaired pulmonary surfactant levels in COVID-19 patients, justifying further studies and clinical trials of exogenous surfactant.
Functional representativeness and distinctiveness of reintroduced birds and mammals in Europe
Authors: Thévenin Charles , Mouchet Maud , Robert Alexandre , Kerbiriou Christian , Sarrazin François 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReintroduction, the human-mediated movement of organisms to re-establish locally extinct populations, has become a popular conservation tool. However, because reintroductions often focus on local or national conservation issues, their contribution to the conservation of biodiversity at large scale remains unclear. While taxonomic biases have already been identified in reintroduction programs at regional scales, studies have stressed the need to account for other facets of biodiversity when assessing the relevance of the allocation of conservation efforts. In particular, it may be very fruitful to discriminate if and how such taxonomic biases may influence the functional complementarity of reintroduction targets, and to which extent reintroduction practitioners may have focused on species performing more singular functions than others. Here, we investigate the diversity of functional traits supported by reintroduced species of terrestrial birds and mammals in Europe. For each taxonomic group, we explored the functional representativeness of reintroduction targets at the European scale, i.e., whether species involved in reintroduction programs collectively represent the range of functional trait variation observed in the regional assemblage. Because additional conservation value could have been given by practitioners to species performing singular functions, we also measured the functional distinctiveness of reintroduced species. We found that reintroductions of birds did not focus on functionally distinct species, and that the subset of reintroduced birds is representative of the functional diversity at a continental scale. However, reintroductions of mammals involved more functionally distinct species than expected, even though reintroduced mammals are not collectively representative of the functional diversity of the continental assemblage.
Oral cancer induced TRPV1 sensitization is mediated by PAR2 signaling in primary afferent neurons innervating the cancer microenvironment
Authors: Scheff Nicole N. , Wall Ian M. , Nicholson Sam , Williams Hannah , Chen Elyssa , Tu Nguyen H. , Dolan John C. , Liu Cheng Z. , Janal Malvin N. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Schmidt Brian L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOral cancer patients report sensitivity to spicy foods and liquids. The mechanism responsible for chemosensitivity induced by oral cancer is not known. We simulate oral cancer-induced chemosensitivity in a xenograft oral cancer mouse model using two-bottle choice drinking and conditioned place aversion assays. An anatomic basis of chemosensitivity is shown in increased expression of TRPV1 in anatomically relevant trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in both the xenograft and a carcinogen (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide)-induced oral cancer mouse models. The percent of retrograde labeled TG neurons that respond to TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, is increased along with the magnitude of response as measured by calcium influx, in neurons from the cancer models. To address the possible mechanism of TRPV1 sensitivity in tongue afferents, we study the role of PAR2, which can sensitize the TRPV1 channel. We show co-expression of TRPV1 and PAR2 on tongue afferents and using a conditioned place aversion assay, demonstrate that PAR2 mediates oral cancer-induced, TRPV1-evoked sensitivity in an oral cancer mouse model. The findings provide insight into oral cancer-mediated chemosensitivity.
Sphk2 deletion is involved in structural abnormalities and Th17 response but does not aggravate colon inflammation induced by sub-chronic stress
Authors: Martín-Hernández David , Gutiérrez Irene L. , González-Prieto Marta , MacDowell Karina S. , Robledo-Montaña Javier , Tendilla-Beltrán Hiram , Calleja-Rodríguez Natalia , Bris Álvaro G. , Ulecia-Morón Cristina , Moreno Beatriz , Caso Javier R. , García-Bueno Borja , Rodrigues-Mascarenhas Sandra , Marín-Jiménez Ignacio , Leza Juan Carlos , Menchén Luis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe chronic inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is mainly driven by T-cell response to microbial and environmental antigens. Psychological stress is a potential trigger of clinical flares of IBD, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in T-cell recruitment. Hence, stress impact and the absence of sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2), an enzyme of S1P metabolism, were evaluated in the colon of mice after sub-chronic stress exposure. Here, we show that sub-chronic stress increased S1P in the mouse colon, possibly due to a decrease in its degradation enzymes and Sphk2. S1P accumulation could lead to inflammation and immune dysregulation reflected by upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, inhibition of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, cytokine-expression profile towards a T-helper lymphocyte 17 (Th17) polarization, plasmacytosis, decrease in IgA+ lymphoid lineage cells (CD45+)/B cells/plasmablasts, and increase in IgM+ B cells. Stress also enhanced intestinal permeability. Sphk2 knockout mice presented a cytokine-expression profile towards a boosted Th17 response, lower expression of claudin 3,4,7,8, and structural abnormalities in the colon. Intestinal pathophysiology should consider stress and S1P as modulators of the immune response. S1P-based drugs, including Sphk2 potentiation, represent a promising approach to treat IBD.
Cervical spine immobilization does not interfere with nasotracheal intubation performed using GlideScope videolaryngoscopy: a randomized equivalence trial
Authors: Kuo Yi-Min , Lai Hsien-Yung , Tan Elise Chia-Hui , Li Yi-Shiuan , Chiang Ting-Yun , Huang Shiang-Suo , Huang Wen-Cheng , Chu Ya-Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlideScope-assisted nasotracheal intubation (NTI) has been proposed as an alternative to difficult orotracheal intubation for critical patients or those under cervical immobilization. We evaluated the difficulty of performing NTI using GlideScope under cervical orthosis. A total of 170 patients scheduled for elective cervical spinal surgery that required NTI were randomized to receive cervical immobilization using a cervical collar (collar group) or no cervical immobilization at all (control group) before anesthetic induction (group assignment at 1:1 ratio). All NTI during anesthetic induction were performed using the GlideScope. The primary outcome was time to intubation. The secondary outcomes were ease of intubation, including the necessity of auxiliary manipulations to assist intubation, and the nasotracheal intubation difficulty scale (nasoIDS). An exploratory analysis identified morphometric parameters as predictors of time to intubation, the necessity of auxiliary manipulations, and a nasoIDS score ≥ 4. For time to intubation, the mean difference (collar group—control) was − 4.19 s, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of − 13.9 to 5.52 that lay within our defined equivalence margin of 16 s. Multivariate regressions precluded the association of cervical immobilization with a necessity for auxiliary manipulations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.53, 95% CI [0.26–1.09], P = 0.083) and a nasoIDS ≥ 4 (aOR 0.94 [0.84–1.05], P = 0.280). Among all morphometric parameters, the upper lip bite test class was predictive of a longer time to intubation (all analyses relative to class 1, 14 s longer for class 2, P = 0.032; 24 s longer for class 3, P = 0.070), increased necessity for auxiliary manipulation (aOR 2.29 [1.06–4.94], P = 0.036 for class 2; aOR 6.12 [1.04–39.94], P = 0.045 for class 3), and nasoIDS ≥ 4 (aOR 1.46 [1.14–1.89], P = 0.003 for class 3).The present study demonstrated that GlideScope achieved NTI in patients with or without cervical immobilization equivalently with respect to intubation time and ease.
Relationship of choroidal thickness and axial length with posterior vitreous detachment in patients with high myopia
Authors: Hanyuda Akiko , Torii Hidemasa , Hayashi Ken , Uchida Atsuro , Mori Kiwako , Yotsukura Erisa , Ogawa Mamoru , Negishi Kazuno , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence suggests a higher prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in highly myopic eyes, the relation between ocular biometric features and PVD stages in such eyes remains unclear. Therefore, we enrolled 170 patients with high myopia (axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) to investigate the status of PVD regarding subfoveal choroidal thickness and axial length. Utilising swept-source optical coherence tomography, we classified the PVD status into five stages. The distribution of PVD grades increased as the choroidal thickness decreased and axial length increased (P < 0.01). On adjusting for age and sex, decreased choroidal thickness and increased axial length were associated with more advanced PVD stages: odds ratios with the highest vs. lowest groups were 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–1.01; Ptrend = 0.009) for choroidal thickness and 5.16 (95% CI 1.34–19.80; Ptrend = 0.002) for axial length. The inverse association between choroidal thickness and PVD status seemed stronger in women than in men (Pinteraction = 0.05). In conclusion, we firstly observed a significant trend of decreased choroidal thickness, along with increased axial length, with increased grade of PVD, particularly among women with highly myopic eyes, suggesting that advanced morphological myopic changes contribute to PVD in middle-aged adults.
SCORPION is a stacking-based ensemble learning framework for accurate prediction of phage virion proteins
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Charoenkwan Phasit , Quinn Julian M. W. , Moni Mohammad Ali , Hasan Md Mehedi , Lio’ Pietro , Shoombuatong Watshara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFast and accurate identification of phage virion proteins (PVPs) would greatly aid facilitation of antibacterial drug discovery and development. Although, several research efforts based on machine learning (ML) methods have been made for in silico identification of PVPs, these methods have certain limitations. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new computational approach, termed SCORPION, (StaCking-based Predictior fOR Phage VIrion PrOteiNs), to accurately identify PVPs using only protein primary sequences. Specifically, we explored comprehensive 13 different feature descriptors from different aspects (i.e., compositional information, composition-transition-distribution information, position-specific information and physicochemical properties) with 10 popular ML algorithms to construct a pool of optimal baseline models. These optimal baseline models were then used to generate probabilistic features (PFs) and considered as a new feature vector. Finally, we utilized a two-step feature selection strategy to determine the optimal PF feature vector and used this feature vector to develop a stacked model (SCORPION). Both tenfold cross-validation and independent test results indicate that SCORPION achieves superior predictive performance than its constitute baseline models and existing methods. We anticipate SCORPION will serve as a useful tool for the cost-effective and large-scale screening of new PVPs. The source codes and datasets for this work are available for downloading in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/saeed344/SCORPION).
Cold tolerance strategies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Vatanparast Mohammad , Park Youngjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the American continent and is one of the world's most destructive insect pests and invaded Africa and spread to most of Asia in two years. Glycerol is generally used as a cryoprotectant for overwintering insects in cold areas. In many studies, the increase in glycerol as a main rapid cold hardening (RCH) factor and enhancing the supercooling point was revealed at low temperatures. There are two genes, including glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol kinase (GK), that were identified as being associated with the glycerol synthesis pathway. In this study, one GPDH and two GK sequences (GK1 and GK2) were extracted from FAW transcriptome analysis. RNA interference (RNAi) specific to GPDH or GK1 and GK2 exhibited a significant down-regulation at the mRNA level as well as a reduction in survival rate when the RNAi-treated of FAW larvae post a RCH treatment. Following a cold period, an increase in glycerol accumulation was detected utilizing high-pressure liquid chromatography and colorimetric analysis of glycerol quantity in RCH treated hemolymph of FAW larvae. This research suggests that GPDH and GK isozymes are linked to the production of a high quantity of glycerol as an RCH factor, and glycerol as main cryoprotectant plays an important role in survival throughout the cold period in this quarantine pest studied.