bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alberta moving beyond breast cancer (AMBER) cohort study: baseline description of the full cohort
Authors: Friedenreich Christine M. , Vallance Jeff K. , McNeely Margaret L. , Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Matthews Charles E. , Bell Gordon J. , Mackey John R. , Kopciuk Karen A. , Dickau Leanne , Wang Qinggang , Cook Diane , Wharton Stephanie , McNeil Jessica , Ryder-Burbidge Charlotte , Morielli Andria R. , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study investigating how direct measures of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and health-related fitness (HRF) are associated with survival after breast cancer.

Methods
Women in Alberta with newly diagnosed stage I (≥ T1c) to IIIc breast cancer were recruited between 2012 and 2019. Baseline assessments were completed within 90 days of surgery. Measurements included accelerometers to measure PA and SB; a graded treadmill test with gas exchange analysis to measure cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak); upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance; dual-X-ray absorptiometry to measure body composition; and questionnaires to measure self-reported PA and SB.

Results
At baseline, the 1528 participants’ mean age was 56 ± 11 years, 59% were post-menopausal, 62% had overweight/obesity, and 55% were diagnosed with stage II or III disease. Based on device measurements, study participants spent 8.9 ± 1.7 h/day sedentary, 4.4 ± 1.2 h/day in light-intensity activity, 0.9 ± 0.5 h/day in moderate-intensity activity, and 0.2 ± 0.2 h/day in vigorous-intensity activity. For those participants who reached VO2peak, the average aerobic fitness level was 26.6 ± 6 ml/kg/min. Average body fat was 43 ± 7.1%.

Conclusion
We have established a unique cohort of breast cancer survivors with a wealth of data on PA, SB, and HRF obtained through both direct and self-reported measurements. Study participants are being followed for at least ten years to assess all outcomes after breast cancer. These data will inform clinical and public health guidelines on PA, SB, and HRF for improving breast cancer outcomes.
Assessing the Kinematic GPS Positioning Performance Under the Effect of Strong Ionospheric Disturbance Over China and Adjacent Areas During the Magnetic Storm
Authors: Geng Wei , Huang Wengeng , Liu Guoqi , Liu Siqing , Luo Binxian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe geomagnetic storm caused numerous disturbances of the ionosphere, particularly, plasma irregularities, which can affect the accuracy of Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning. This study quantifies the impacts of the ionospheric disturbance on GPS precise point positioning (PPP) solutions during extreme space weather events by taking advantage of 260 GPS stations in China. The results show that the average positioning error in China increased significantly during the ionospheric disturbance on 08 Sep 2017. By comparing the kinematic GPS‐PPP (3‐D) error distribution map and the ROTI index map, it is found that the ionospheric irregularities are one of the main reasons for degrading the GPS positioning accuracy. The statistical analysis results show that when the ionospheric scintillation index S4 is greater than 0.4, the average kinematic GPS‐PPP error calculated by the station is higher than 0.8 m.
Reliability and validity of an indoor local positioning system for measuring external load in ice hockey players
Authors: Gamble Alexander S. D. , Bigg Jessica L. , Pignanelli Christopher , Nyman Danielle L. E. , Burr Jamie F. , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis study determined the reliability and validity of a Kinexon local positioning system (LPS) for measuring external load in ice hockey players during an on‐ice session. Fourteen ice hockey players (25.1 y, 78.6 kg, 176.9 cm) wore two LPS sensors to examine the inter‐sensor reliability of the LPS during an on‐ice session, and LPS speed and acceleration were measured during 40 m linear on‐ice sprints and compared to a previously validated robotic sprint device to examine LPS accuracy. The coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM), and intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for each LPS measure. Pearson's correlations, simple linear regressions, and Bland–Altman plots were used to test the agreement and relationship between the two systems. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. The majority of LPS measures were reliable (CV < 10% and ICC > 0.9) when comparing the two sensors worn by each player. Peak speed, speed at 5 m, and 0‐5 m acceleration were all comparable to those reported by the robotic sprint device, with nearly perfect (peak speed and 0–5 m acceleration) and very large (speed at 5 m) magnitudes of correlation and mean biases <0.5 km/hr for speed measures and <0.01 m/s2 for acceleration. The present results demonstrate that the Kinexon LPS is reliable and accurate for investigating on‐ice external load in ice hockey players when sensors are consistently secured on the back of the players’ shoulder pads.
EFFICACY OF BIOLOGIC DRUGS IN SHORT-DURATION VERSUS LONG-DURATION INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND INDVIDUAL-PATIENT-DATA METANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Ben-Horin Shomron , Novack Lena , Mao Ren , Guo Jing , Zhao Yue , Sergienko Ruslan , Zhang Jian , Kobayashi Taku , Hibi Toshihumi , Chowers Yehuda , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Kaplan Gilaad , Chen Min-Hu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Starting biologic treatment early in the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may associate with higher efficacy, especially in Crohn’s disease (CD).

METHODS
A systematic review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all placebo-controlled trials of biologics approved for IBD at study inception (Oct 2015), using Vivli data-sharing platform. The primary outcome was the proportional biologic/placebo treatment effect on induction-of-remission in patients with short-duration (≤18months) versus long-duration disease (&gt;18months) analyzed separately for CD and ulcerative colitis (UC). We used meta-regression to examine the impact of patients’ characteristics on the primary outcome. Study PROSPERO registration: CRD42018041961.

RESULTS
We obtained data from five biologics drug manufacturers and included 25 trials, testing infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, natalizumab or vedolizumab (6,168 CD, 3,227 UC patients). In CD, induction-of-remission rates were higher in pooled placebo and active arms’ patients with short-disease duration≤18 months (41.4%, 244/589) compared with disease-duration&gt;18months (29.8%, 852/2857, meta-analytically estimated OR=1.33, 95%CI:1.09-1.64). The primary outcome, proportional biologic/placebo treatment effect on induction-of-remission, was not different in short-duration disease ≤18 months (n= 589, OR 1.47, 95%CI:1.01-2.15) compared with longer disease-duration (n=2857, OR 1.43, 95%CI:1.19-1.72). In UC trials, both the proportional biologic/placebo remission-induction effect and the pooled biologic-placebo effect were stable regardless of disease duration. Primary outcome results remained unchanged when tested using alternative temporal cut-offs and when modelled for individual-patients’ co-variates, including prior anti-TNFs exposure. In exploratory post-hoc analysis comparing patients with colonic-CD (L2) versus small-bowel L1 CD (and excluding ileo-colonic L3 disease) the OR for induction-of-remission in long-duration disease&gt;18months compared with short-duration disease was 0.62 for small-bowel CD (95%CI: 0.42; 0.91) but was not significant in pooled colonic CD population (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.66; 1.34)

CONCLUSION
This Individual patient level meta-analysis of multiple biologics’ clinical trials found there a higher rate of induction-of-remission in early CD for both biologics and placebo, resulting in a treatment-to-placebo effect ratio which is similar across different disease durations. No such relationships between disease-duration and outcomes is found in UC.

Rate of remission induction by duration of disease at initiation of treatment. The dots denote proportion of an outcome averaged per the respective year.
ADDITIVE EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS ON 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID THERAPY IN PATIENT WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Kim Minjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is equivalent to mesalazine for preventing disease relapse; however, data regarding the ability of EcN to increase health-related quality of life or induce remission, compared with placebo, remain scarce. We investigated the efficacy of EcN as an add-on therapy for UC.

METHODS
We conducted a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Overall, 133 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either EcN or placebo once daily for 8 weeks, and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) scores, clinical remission, and response rate were compared.

RESULTS
In total, 58 and 60 patients in the EcN and placebo groups, respectively, completed the study. EcN was not superior to placebo in increasing the IBDQ scores (30 [51.7%] vs. 31 [51.7%], respectively; per-protocol, P= 1.0; intention-to-treat, P= 0.86). However, a significantly lower number of patients in the EcN group exhibited a decreased IBDQ score than those in the placebo group (1 [1.7%] vs. 8 [13.3%], respectively; per-protocol, P= 0.03; intention-to-treat, P= 0.02). Compared with the placebo group, a significantly high number of patients in the EcN group exhibited clinical response at 4 weeks (23 [39.7%] vs. 13 [21.7%], respectively; P= 0.04) and endoscopic remission at 8 weeks (26 [46.4%] vs. 16 [27.1%], respectively; P= 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
EcN is safe and effective in preventing the exacerbation of IBDQ scores and achieving clinical responses and endoscopic remissions in patients with mild-to-moderate UC.
SELECTIVELY IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESPONSE OF IMMUNE CELLS TO OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS: AN INNOVATIVE PROPOSAL FOR IBD FROM AN ANCIENT GRAIN
Authors: Segura Sergio Pumarola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) results from an unbalanced immune response to the gut microbiome. There is a lack of proposals that integrate and may balance the multiple factors (Immunity, microbiome and diet) that together condition the onset and evolution of the disease. D-fagomine is a small molecule, naturally present in buckwheat grain. It Is a monosaccharide mimetic showing glycosidase enzyme inhibition properties. Clinical studies have shown its efficacy to control postprandial glycemic response. Subsequent research “in vitro” had also shown D-fagomine to inhibit the fimbriae adhesion and biofilm formation of some proteobacteria, including ie E. coli or Salmonella.

ORIGINAL AIM
The aim of the study was to confirm the effects of D-fagomine on the adhesion to human gut mucosa using adherent-invasive E coli (AIEC) that is a microorganism usually linked to IBD.

METHOD
Ex vivo human resected colonic mucosa was cultured (4 h) with AIEC inoculum and D-fagomine at different range of doses (0-5000 ppm). The amount of E. coli in tissue and supernatant was quantified, measuring also TNF-alfa and LDH.

RESULTS
It was confirmed the inhibition of AIEC adhesion to the colonic mucosa in a direct dose-response relationship. Totally unexpected, D-fagomine was found to modulate TNF-alfa in an apparent double sigmoid curve with the max activity in the range of 50 ppm (Figure 1). This curve corresponds to an activator of the innate immune cells with mechanism related to complement activation, (ie mannose, betaglucan). Finally D-fagomine was helping the mucosa to detect and overcome the evasion mechanism of AIEC at the range of 50 ppm. Additional studies were considered necessary to confirm these results with different models.

ADDED AIM
The novel aim was to assess the human immune cell response (other than colonic mucosa) in the dose range of 50 ppm D-fagomine in front of different microorganisms able to evade the human immune system.

ADDED METHOD
Ex vivo human blood was cultured with D-fagomine (50 ppm) and the correspondent inoculum of different models: bacteria = E. coli (AIEC) and fungus = Blastomyces sp. TNF-alfa was quantified.

ADDED RESULTS
D-fagomine, at 50 ppm, stimulates TNF-alfa response of human immune cells against AIEC and also Blastomyces (Figure 2). Both models give coherent results, and confirm that D-fagomine at the range of 50 ppm improves the capacity of the innate immune cells to detect human opportunistic microorganisms.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results have shown for the first time D-fagomine helping human immune cells to develop a more efficient immune response to better control the presence of opportunistic microorganisms. This is of great interest in IBD and also synergic with D-fagomine activity of delaying the release of sugars from diet to the gut, reducing then the negative effects of a Western Diet to humans and also to its microbiome.
COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDITIS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD): A POPULATION-BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN’S DISEASE
Authors: Dasu Neethi , Khalid Yaser , Blair Brian , Chhoun Christopher , Joo Lucy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Cardiac Complications are common in IBD. Myocarditis is a serious extraintestinal manifestation associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the complications associated with myocarditis in patients who have IBD (Ulcerative Colitis vs Crohn’s Disease) patients.

METHODS
Methods Data was extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016-2019 Database. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations for adult patients with myocarditis as a principal discharge diagnosis who had Ulcerative Colitis (UC) versus those with Crohn’s Disease (CD) as secondary diagnosis using ICD-10 codes. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis was used accordingly to adjust for confounders. STATA software was used for analysis. Characteristics and complications of myocarditis were compared between UC and CD.

RESULTS
A total of 874,285 hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years had IBD, of which 563,700 (64.48%) had UC and 310,585 (35.52%) had CD. Myocarditis was present in 250 (0.03%) patients; 100 UC (0.34%) and 150 CD (0.52%). Overall prevalence of myocarditis was 18.87 per 100,000 hospitalizations for IBD patients. Prevalence was 23.22 in UC (Mean age 48.5 ± 2.1 years p&lt;0.001, 56% women p&lt;0.001, 76% Caucasian p&lt;0.001) and 11.55 in CD (Mean age 39.5± 1.42 years, p&lt;0.001; 37% women, p&lt;0.001; 72% Caucasian, p &lt;0.001) per 100,000 hospitalizations respectively (p&lt;0.001). Annual incidence of myocarditis was rising for UC over a 5-year period per 100,000 hospitalizations (13.6 in 2016, 25.1 in 2019, ptrend = 0.04) and for CD (10.3 in 2016, 13.4 in 2019, ptrend = 0.03). In patients with myocarditis, UC patients had lesser in-hospital mortality (3.4% % vs. 5.2 %, p&lt; 0.001), AKI (5.3% vs. 13.4%, p&lt; 0.001), congestive heart failure (14.5% vs. 33.2%, p&lt;0.001) and cardiogenic shock (4.3% vs. 8.7%, p&lt;0.001) compared to CD. Atrial fibrillation was the most common arrhythmia in both UC and CD (6.1% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.968). Ventricular fibrillation was higher in CD (3.4% vs. 1.1%, p&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSION
Interestingly, Myocarditis was associated with higher mortality, higher cardiac complications and was more prevalent in patients with CD compared to UC. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the mechanisms between IBD and cardiovascular diseases and to study the disparity between UC and CD. This study further illustrates the importance of successful management of IBD in order to reduce disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors.
NOD2 PROMOTES HOST DEFENSE AND RECOVERY INDUCING MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS TYPE 3 ACTIVATION FOLLOWING FUNGAL INFECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS
Authors: McAndrew Morgan , Havran Hannah , Di Martino Luca , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Pizarro Theresa , De Salvo Carlo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have documented the complexity of the intestinal fungal community (‘mycobiome’) in mice, and clinical and experimental observations have shown that the mycobiome influences both gut health and disease, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In fact, prior studies have shown that Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, compared to healthy controls, harbor higher levels of intestinal Candida tropicalis (Ct), which is the major fungal species detected in the colons of colitic mice after DSS challenge. More recently, Debaryomyces hansenii (also known as Candida famata) has been found in intestinal wounds of mice and inflamed mucosal tissues of CD patients. Moreover, proteins encoded by genes within IBD susceptibility loci, such as the pattern recognition receptor (PRR), NOD2, are known not only to recognize bacterial components, but also a fungal cell wall element, chitin. In fact, the role of PRRs in regulating immunity against intestinal fungi, and how fungi influence IBD remains poorly defined. We challenged DSS colitic WT and Nod2-/- mice with Ct 2 days before DSS administration and subsequently on day (d)0, 3 and 6. Our data confirms previous studies that Ct challenge does not exacerbate colitis in DSS-treated C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) mice, however, Ct-infected Nod2-/- mice possess a higher fungal burden and exhibit worse colitis symptoms, such as weight loss, decreased stool consistency, and presence of blood in stools, vs. Ct-infected WT mice, indicating an essential and protective role for NOD2 during colitis recovery after Ct challenge. Our results also show that Ct-infected Nod2-/- mice display a marked reduction in colonic Il22 and Il17, which are cytokines previously reported to be important in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity during DSS colitis, These data were confirmed in colons of Ct infected DSS challenged, ileitis-prone SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice that were deficient in NOD2. Moreover, Our in vitro data show, a decrease in Il1b and Il23 in bone marrow-derived macrophages from SAMP Nod2-/- mice compared to WT after 2h of exposure to chitin. IL-17+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are also known to control fungal burden during opportunistic fungal infections, and interestingly, our findings indicate that Ct infection of Nod2-/- vs. WT mice results in a decreased frequency of mesenteric lymph node–derived type 3 ILCs (ILC3s), suggesting that delay in fungal clearance and recovery in Nod2-/- mice may be due to the inability to mount protective type 3 immune responses. Taken together, the data so far collected suggests that NOD2 is essential to maintain gut mycobiome homeostasis and drives protective innate immune responses, via a macrophage-mediated ILC3 recruitment and IL-17 mechanism, by preventing the overgrowth of opportunistic fungi that may contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation, such as that observed in CD.
TRENDS IN ADMISSIONS, OUTCOMES AND FINANCIAL BURDEN OFC. DIFFICILE INFECTION RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Waqas , Tariq Raseen , Tahir Zoya , Zaheer Arsalan , Khanna Sahil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with colonic involvement are known to have microbiome changes which may increase their risk of C. difficile infection (CDI). We conducted an analysis to describe the implications of CDI on hospitalized IBD patients.

METHODS
We used the National Inpatient Sample database from 2007 through 2018, to identify patients admitted with primary or secondary diagnosis of IBD using the ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes. We identified CDI as well as colectomy using diagnostic codes. We identified trends in nationwide estimates for annual admissions, age at admission, length of stay (LOS), in-patient mortality, Elixhauser comorbidity index and total hospital charge (adjusted for inflation). We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend significance.

RESULTS
Between 2007 and 2018, there were an estimated total of 3,728,348 admissions with IBD, of which 161,744 patients had CDI (4.3%). Median age at admission was 52 years, with 56.7% females. There was a rising trend of CDI among IBD patients, from 2.9% in 2007 to a peak of 5.4% in 2015 with a decline towards the end of study period at 4.4% in 2018. Mean score for Elixhauser comorbidity index increased from 4.6 to 7.4 (p-trend &lt;0.05) for non-CDI subgroup and from 9.9 to 11.4 (p-trend &lt;0.05) for CDI subgroup during the study period.
The median LOS was 4 days for patients without CDI vs 6 days with CDI. Trend in LOS was stable for patients without CDI but decreased from 8 days to 5 days over the 12-year study period for patients with CDI (p-trend &lt;0.05). Overall, among patients with IBD, the risk of colectomy was 5.3%. Risk was higher in CDI subgroup (7.3% vs 5.2%, RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.39 - 1.44).
The overall mortality among IBD patients was 1.6% with no significant trend observed over time. All cause in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients with concomitant CDI (6.8%) vs without CDI (1.4%) (RR 4.99, 95% CI 4.89 - 5.10). Within CDI subgroup, there was a trend of decrease in mortality from 7-11% in the beginning of the study, to about 3-3.5% towards the end of the study period (p-trend &lt;0.05).
After adjusting for inflation, there was a significant increase in charges among both subgroups: increased from $28,575 in 2007 to $68,614 in 2018 (p-trend &lt;0.005) for non-CDI subgroup and from $57,987 in 2007 to $95,799 in 2018 (p-trend &lt;0.005) for CDI subgroup. Overall charges were significantly higher for CDI subgroup.

CONCLUSION
The incidence of CDI in IBD patients increased over the study period with stability towards the latter half. Hospitalized IBD patients with concomitant CDI have a higher comorbidity index, a longer length of stay, a higher risk of colectomy and an increased risk of mortality when compared to those without CDI. Total hospitalization charges are also significantly higher with CDI subgroup and have been increasing overtime.