bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using population surveys and models to reassess the conservation status of an endemic Amazonian titi monkey in a deforestation hotspot
Authors: Silva Felipe Ennes , Pacca Luciana Gosi , Lemos Lisley Pereira , Gusmão Almério Câmara , da Silva Odair Diogo , Dalponte Júlio César , Franco Caetano L.B. , Santana Marcelo Ismar , Buss Gerson , El Bizri Hani R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssessing the conservation status of species is essential for implementing appropriate conservation measures. A lack of evidence of threats, rather than showing an absence of impacts, could reflect a lack of studies on how human activities could result in species population declines. The range of Prince Bernhard's titi monkeyPlecturocebus bernhardiis restricted to the Arc of Deforestation, a deforestation hotspot in south-eastern Amazonia. Despite this, it is categorized as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. To reassess the conservation status ofP. bernhardi, we carried out surveys during 2015–2017 to delimit the geographical distribution of the species and estimate its population density and abundance. We then used spatial predictive modelling to examine future habitat and population loss within its range.Plecturocebus bernhardioccurs over an area of 131,295 km2. Its mean group size was 2.8 individuals/group and its density 10.8 individuals/km2and 3.8 groups/km2. Habitat loss was estimated to be 58,365 km2(44.5% of its current range) over the next 24 years (threeP. bernhardigenerations) under a conservative governance model of deforestation and 105,289 km2(80.2%) under a business-as-usual model. These numbers indicate thatP. bernhardiis threatened and should be categorized as Vulnerable, at least, using the IUCN Red List criteria. We recommend the reassessment of other Least Concern primate species from the Arc of Deforestation using a similar approach.
FIVE SUGGESTIONS FOR AN ASPIRING COMPOSITION TEACHER: TOWARDS AN INCLUSIVE COMPOSITIONAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: Alessandrini Patricia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article takes a recent interview with Chaya Czernowin, ‘5 Things Harvard's Chaya Czernowin Suggests You Do as an Aspiring Composer’, as a point of departure for a series of reflections on compositional pedagogy focusing specifically on inclusion. It proposes a less restrictive definition of a ‘composer’ and a decentring of career expectations in favour of embracing a range of creative sound-making practices. It goes on to underline the importance of transnational and transcultural perspectives, of experimentation and the risk of failure, and of listening skills that transcend style and culture. In these latter two sections, specific classroom techniques are cited: Maria Chavez's creative workshop on failure, and Thea Musgrave's ‘critique’ sessions, in which students listen critically to compositions without prior knowledge of their title or author. The final section addresses the question of evaluation, positing that lowering the stakes of individual assessments encourages students to branch out and take risks. It also calls into question the weight given to forms of evaluation, such as recommendation letters, that may pose particular problems of bias. In the conclusion, it looks to recent decolonisation movements in music for models of structural changes that could help to enact the essay's propositions.
Life, mind, agency: Why Markov blankets fail the test of evolution
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There has been much criticism of the idea that Friston's free-energy principle can unite the life and mind sciences. Here, we argue that perhaps the greatest problem for the totalizing ambitions of its proponents is a failure to recognize the importance of evolutionary dynamics and to provide a convincing adaptive story relating free-energy minimization to organismal fitness.
Bayesian realism and structural representation
Authors: Kiefer Alex , Hohwy Jakob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We challenge the authors' view that Markov blankets are illicitly reified when used to describe organismic boundaries. We do this both on general methodological grounds, where we appeal to a form of structural realism derived from Bayesian cognitive science to dissolve the problem, and by rebutting specific arguments in the target article.
Making reification concrete: A response to Bruineberg et al.
Authors: Andrews Mel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The principal target of this article is the reification Bruineberg et al. perceive of formalism within the literature on the variational free energy minimization (VFEM) framework. The authors do not provide a definition of reification, as none yet exists. Here I offer one. On this definition, the objects of the authors' critiques fall short of full-blown reification – as do the authors themselves.
Markov blankets do not demarcate the boundaries of the mind
Authors: Menary Richard , Gillett Alexander J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We agree with Bruineberg and colleagues' main claims. However, we urge for a more forceful critique by focusing on the extended mind debate. We argue that even once the Pearl and Friston versions of the Markov blanket have been untangled, that neither is sufficient for tackling and resolving the question of demarcating the boundaries of the mind.
Spatiotemporal constraints of causality: Blanket closure emerges from localized interactions between temporally separable subsystems
Authors: Hesp Casper 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, I first acknowledge points of common ground with the target article by Bruineberg and colleagues. Then, I consider how certain ambiguities could be resolved by considering spatiotemporal constraints on causality. In particular I show how blanket closure emerges from localized interactions between temporally separable subsystems, and how this points to valuable directions of future research. Finally, I close with a process note discussing the allegorical implications of the authors' creative title.
The Emperor Is Naked: Replies to commentaries on the target article
Authors: Bruineberg Jelle , Dołęga Krzysztof , Dewhurst Joe , Baltieri Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The 35 commentaries cover a wide range of topics and take many different stances on the issues explored by the target article. We have organised our response to the commentaries around three central questions: Are Friston blankets just Pearl blankets? What ontological and metaphysical commitments are implied by the use of Friston blankets? What kind of explanatory work are Friston blankets capable of? We conclude our reply with a short critical reflection on the indiscriminate use of both Markov blankets and the free energy principle.
A study of the EGM2008 model of Earth's gravitational field
Authors: Koks Don 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Earth Gravity Model 2008 (EGM2008) is now some years old, and yet information on how to use it to calculate Earth's gravity remains obscure outside the field of geodesy. We describe the mathematics necessary to implement EGM2008, and use this to discuss several points of the model: its sensitivity to the number of spherical harmonics being summed, nuances and a trap for physicists and mathematicians in the normalisation it uses, and a comparison with other work. We conclude that one must not overestimate the precision shown by a global-fit model such as EGM2008.
Fold–unfold lemmas for reasoning about recursive programs using the Coq proof assistant
Authors: DANVY OLIVIER 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fold–unfold lemmas complement the rewrite tactic in the Coq Proof Assistant to reason about recursive functions, be they defined locally or globally. Each of the structural cases gives rise to a fold–unfold lemma that equates a call to this function in that case with the corresponding case branch. As such, they are “boilerplate” and can be generated mechanically, though stating them by hand is a learning experience for a beginner, to say nothing about explaining them. Their proof is generic. Their use is precise (e.g., in terms with multiple calls) and they scale seamlessly (e.g., to continuation-passing style and to various patterns of recursion), be the reasoning equational or relational. In the author’s experience, they prove effective in the classroom, considering the clarity of discourse in the subsequent term reports and oral exams, and beyond the classroom, considering their subsequent use when continuing to work with the Coq Proof Assistant. Fold–unfold lemmas also provide a measure of understanding as well as of control about what is cut short when one uses a shortcut, i.e., an automated simplification tactic. Since Version 8.0, the functional-induction plugin provides them for functions that are defined globally, i.e., recursive equations, and so does the Equations plugin now, both for global and for local declarations, a precious help for advanced users.
Microbial protocols for spacecraft: 2. Biocidal effects of Delrin and nylon in sealed compartments may enhance bioburden reductions in planetary spacecraft
Authors: Schuerger Andrew C. , Schwendner Petra , Tucker Rachel T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterplanetary spacecraft are assembled with thousands of parts composed of many diverse materials. Little is known on whether any of the spacecraft materials are biocidal to the typical microbiomes that develop on spacecraft during pre-launch processing. During ongoing experiments to examine the interactive effects of solar UV irradiation, solar heating, ionizing radiation, and vacuum, we observed that bacterial spores of three Bacillus spp. were killed when incubated within small vacuum chambers for 5 days – without exposure to the aforementioned factors. Eight potential spacecraft materials were tested within the vacuum chambers for biocidal activities against spores of B. atrophaeus ATCC 9372, B. pumilus SAFR-032 and B. subtilis 168. All three species were fully inactivated (i.e., no survivors detected) by machined parts manufactured from Delrin®; a thermoplastic polyacetal polymer. Although not tested here, it is known that Delrin can off-gas formaldehyde, and thus, we hypothesize that this volatile organic compound (VOC) was responsible for the biocidal activity of the material. Knowledge of the biocidal nature of routinely used spacecraft materials might offer diverse methods to inactivate deeply embedded or shielded microbiota within spacecraft via the release of biocidal VOCs.
Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada
Authors: De Roo Andrea , Tozzi Eric , Benaragama Dilshan I. , Willenborg Christian J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo species of cleavers, Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L., are known to inhabit croplands in western Canada. The latter is the more abundant of the two species. An increased abundance of these species over the most recent decades warrants a more comprehensive understanding of their developmental phenology and the cause of this increase. This study aimed to identify the base temperature and emergence characteristics of Galium spp. across different populations from western Canada. A thermal gradient plate experiment was conducted using five G. spurium populations collected from various Saskatchewan (SK) and Alberta (AB) locations. One known G. aparine reference sample was also included. A common garden experiment was conducted using the six Galium spp. populations to determine emergence characteristics. The base germination temperature identified was 2 C for all populations of G. spurium and 4 C for G. aparine. The median germination temperature for G. aparine was 8.34 C, whereas G. spurium had a similar median germination temperature of 6.5 C. Despite similar germination characteristics, the field emergence study revealed differences between populations’ initiation of emergence (150 to 250 growing degree days [GDD]) and time to 50% emergence (275 to 470 GDD) in spring. Highly variable emergence among years and populations within the year (200 to 600 GDD in 2013 and 100 to 200 GDD in 2014) were observed during fall, probably due to differences in moisture availability. Cumulative emergence among populations in fall was very low (1% to 9%) compared with spring emergence (2% to 17%). Overall, this study provides evidence for a low base temperature and differences in emergence periodicity among populations, both of which may be significant factors contributing to the seasonal success of this species.
Flood Risk to Hospitals on the United States Atlantic and Gulf Coasts From Hurricanes and Sea Level Rise
Authors: Tarabochia‐Gast A. T. , Michanowicz D. R. , Bernstein A. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHurricanes have caused major healthcare system disruptions. No systematic assessment of hurricane risk to United States hospital‐based healthcare delivery has been performed. Here, we show that 25 of 78 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) on the United States Atlantic and Gulf Coasts have half or more of their hospitals at risk of flooding from relatively weak hurricanes. 0.82 m of sea level rise expected within this century from climate change increases the odds of hospital flooding 22%. Furthermore, in 18 MSAs at least half of the roads within 1.6 km of hospitals were at risk of flooding from a category 2 storm. These findings identify previously undescribed risks to hospital‐based care delivery in Atlantic and Gulf Coast communities. They suggest that lower intensity hurricanes can have outsized impacts on healthcare access, particularly in places where per capita bed availability is low.
Seismicity Induced at the Northern Dead Sea Transform Fault, Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) Basin, by Shallow Creep Involving a Salt Body
Authors: Barnea Cohen O. , Cesca S. , Dahm T. , Hofstetter A. , Hamiel Y. , Agnon A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn October 2013 and July–August 2018, two extensive earthquake swarms shook the northern reaches of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee). Former studies explored the swarms, resulting in discrepant depths and mechanisms. Here, we attempt to settle the discrepant interpretations using alternative seismological methods and some unpublished data from borehole seismometers. We propose a hypothesis for the faulting phenomenon focusing on the interaction of the two plate boundary segments that step‐over the northern Kinneret depocenter: a creeping segment in the south and a locked segment in the north. The energy accumulated from the interaction induces earthquake swarms from time to time. A shallow fault patch (from the surface down to 1.5 ± 1.0 km) south of the swarms is thought to creep in association with a salt formation underlying some of the basin fill. We use regional seismograms, including two near‐source borehole stations, to refine the characteristics of the swarms. We test hypocentral and centroid depths using several methods and different velocity models and corroborate shallow ruptures: the majority are shallower than 6 km (all shallower than ≤10 km). The hypocentral locations and focal mechanisms suggest shallow NW‐SE normal faults splaying from the tip of the creeping segment in a horsetail pattern. We test the hypothesis by Coulomb stress calculations that show stress concentration at the step‐over interaction zone, consistent with focal locations and mechanisms of the earthquake swarms.
Seismic Reflection and Potential Field Constraints on Imbrication and Exhumation of the Paleoarchean Narryer Terrane, Yilgarn Craton
Authors: Sellars Samantha E. , Calvert Andrew J. , Doublier Michael P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Narryer Terrane, which is located on the northwest margin of the Yilgarn Craton, is one of the oldest preserved blocks of continental crust on Earth with rocks as old as 3.73 Ga and detrital zircons up to 4.4 Ga. In 2010‐11, three deep seismic reflection profiles were acquired over the terrane, and interpreted to show that during the Neoarchean the Narryer Terrane was thrust over the northwest edge of the Youanmi Terrane, which represents the core of the Yilgarn Craton, and in turn underthrust from the north by the Glenburgh Terrane during the Paleoproterozoic. We have reprocessed the seismic data to improve the imaging, extract 3D reflector orientations, and determine near‐surface velocity models. We locate the shear zone along which the Narryer Terrane was exhumed and correlate upper crustal faults interpreted in the seismic data with near‐surface faults and shear zones identified in a regional map of the first vertical derivative of the total magnetic field. One >150 km and two ∼50 km long shear zones divide the exposed Narryer Terrane into distinct structural domains that were probably juxtaposed relatively late in the thrusting of the Narryer Terrane over the Youanmi Terrane in the Paleoproterozoic. While most supracrustal rocks occur in the Northern and Southern domains, the Western Domain where magmatic ages are <3.0 Ga, high mass density, consistent with exhumation from the middle‐lower crust, and is made up of four blocks that exhibit differing patterns of seismic reflectivity, indicating they were likely combined prior to their exhumation.
Phase separation of low-complexity domains in cellular function and disease
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Cho Hana , Kwon Ilmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this review, we discuss the ways in which recent studies of low-complexity (LC) domains have challenged our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cellular organization. LC sequences, long believed to function in the absence of a molecular structure, are abundant in the proteomes of all eukaryotic organisms. Over the past decade, the phase separation of LC domains has emerged as a fundamental mechanism driving dynamic multivalent interactions of many cellular processes. We review the key evidence showing the role of phase separation of individual proteins in organizing cellular assemblies and facilitating biological function while implicating the dynamics of phase separation as a key to biological validity and functional utility. We also highlight the evidence showing that pathogenic LC proteins alter various phase separation-dependent interactions to elicit debilitating human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in understanding the biology of phase separation may offer useful hints toward possible therapeutic interventions to combat the toxicity of pathogenic proteins.
Genome wide DNA methylation analysis identifies novel molecular subgroups and predicts survival in neuroblastoma
Authors: Lalchungnunga H. , Hao Wen , Maris John M. , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Westermann Frank , Tweddle Deborah A. , Schwalbe Edward C. , Strathdee Gordon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infancy, accounting for 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Outcome for the high-risk disease remains poor. DNA-methylation patterns are significantly altered in all cancer types and can be utilised for disease stratification.MethodsGenome-wide DNA methylation (n = 223), gene expression (n = 130), genetic/clinical data (n = 213), whole-exome sequencing (n = 130) was derived from the TARGET study. Methylation data were derived from HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. t-SNE was used for the segregation of molecular subgroups. A separate validation cohort of 105 cases was studied.ResultsFive distinct neuroblastoma molecular subgroups were identified, based on genome-wide DNA-methylation patterns, with unique features in each, including three subgroups associated with known prognostic features and two novel subgroups. As expected, Cluster-4 (infant diagnosis) had significantly better 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) than the four other clusters. However, in addition, the molecular subgrouping identified multiple patient subsets with highly increased risk, most notably infant patients that do not map to Cluster-4 (PFS 50% vs 80% for Cluster-4 infants,P = 0.005), and allowed identification of subgroup-specific methylation differences that may reflect important biological differences within neuroblastoma.ConclusionsMethylation-based clustering of neuroblastoma reveals novel molecular subgroups, with distinct molecular/clinical characteristics and identifies a subgroup of higher-risk infant patients.
Cell death and inflammation during obesity: “Know my methods, WAT(son)”
Authors: Hildebrandt Ximena , Ibrahim Mohamed , Peltzer Nieves 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and inflammation within the adipose tissue, eventually resulting in lipid spill-over, glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. These events ultimately lead to ectopic lipid deposition, glucose intolerance and other metabolic complications with life-threatening consequences. Here we review the literature on how inflammatory responses affect metabolic processes such as energy homeostasis and insulin signalling. This review mainly focuses on the role of cell death in the adipose tissue as a key player in metabolic inflammation.
Do patients with unilateral macular neovascularization type 3 need AREDS supplements to slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration?
Authors: Haj Najeeb Bilal , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven the wide spectrum of unique characteristics of macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) compared with types 1 and 2, we suggest regrading the colour photography assessment of the AREDS study to verify the impact of AREDS supplements on eyes with MNV3.
Metasurface-enhanced light detection and ranging technology
Authors: Juliano Martins Renato , Marinov Emil , Youssef M. Aziz Ben , Kyrou Christina , Joubert Mathilde , Colmagro Constance , Gâté Valentin , Turbil Colette , Coulon Pierre-Marie , Turover Daniel , Khadir Samira , Giudici Massimo , Klitis Charalambos , Sorel Marc , Genevet Patrice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeploying advanced imaging solutions to robotic and autonomous systems by mimicking human vision requires simultaneous acquisition of multiple fields of views, named the peripheral and fovea regions. Among 3D computer vision techniques, LiDAR is currently considered at the industrial level for robotic vision. Notwithstanding the efforts on LiDAR integration and optimization, commercially available devices have slow frame rate and low resolution, notably limited by the performance of mechanical or solid-state deflection systems. Metasurfaces are versatile optical components that can distribute the optical power in desired regions of space. Here, we report on an advanced LiDAR technology that leverages from ultrafast low FoV deflectors cascaded with large area metasurfaces to achieve large FoV (150°) and high framerate (kHz) which can provide simultaneous peripheral and central imaging zones. The use of our disruptive LiDAR technology with advanced learning algorithms offers perspectives to improve perception and decision-making process of ADAS and robotic systems.