bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrous Oxide Dynamics in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Mashifane T. B. , Bourbonnais A. , Fawcett S. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSt Helena Bay in the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) is characterized by seasonal upwelling, water mass and nutrient retention, and persistent cyclonic circulation that limits oxygen exchange, creating ideal conditions for subsurface N2O production and subsequent ventilation at the ocean‐atmosphere interface. However, due to a paucity of observations, little is known about N2O dynamics in the SBUS. Here we use a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model and new observations to investigate the magnitude and seasonality of the N2O source and ocean‐atmosphere flux terms along a transect from St Helena Bay into offshore waters. Both the model and observations indicate that significant N2O production occurs at depth in nearshore waters, with ΔN2O concentrations (i.e., the difference between the simulated or observed concentration of N2O and the equilibrium value) exceeding 14 μmol m−3. Equatorward advection of this N2O occurs at a maximum rate of 4.50 μmol N2O m−2 s−1 in the upper 200 m. By contrast, the SBUS poleward undercurrent hosts low N2O concentrations on the shelf slope. Modeled fluxes range from −0.02 to 0.2 nmol m−2 s−1, consistent with reports from other upwelling systems. The ocean‐atmosphere N2O flux reaches 0.21 g N m−2 yr−1 in nearshore St Helena Bay, and follows a distinct seasonal cycle driven by ΔN2O disequilibrium in winter and prevailing south‐easterly winds and associated upwelling in spring and summer. We calculate a mean N2O flux for the whole SBUS of 4 ± 2 × 10−3 Tg N yr−1, representing 0.1% of the estimated global ocean annual flux.
Comparative serum proteomic analysis of a selected protein panel in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and the impact of genetic risk burden on serum proteomic profiles
Authors: Oraki Kohshour Mojtaba , Kannaiyan Nirmal R. , Falk August Jernbom , Papiol Sergi , Heilbronner Urs , Budde Monika , Kalman Janos L. , Schulte Eva C. , Rietschel Marcella , Witt Stephanie , Forstner Andreas J. , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Nöthen Markus M. , Spitzer Carsten , Malchow Berend , Müller Thorsten , Wiltfang Jens , Falkai Peter , Schmitt Andrea , Rossner Moritz J. , Nilsson Peter , Schulze Thomas G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are based on clinical assessments of symptoms. In this pilot study, we applied high-throughput antibody-based protein profiling to serum samples of healthy controls and individuals with SCZ and BD with the aim of identifying differentially expressed proteins in these disorders. Moreover, we explored the influence of polygenic burden for SCZ and BD on the serum levels of these proteins. Serum samples from 113 individuals with SCZ and 125 with BD from the PsyCourse Study and from 44 healthy controls were analyzed by using a set of 155 antibodies in an antibody-based assay targeting a selected panel of 95 proteins. For the cases, genotyping and imputation were conducted for DNA samples and SCZ and BD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated. Univariate linear and logistic models were used for association analyses. The comparison between SCZ and BD revealed two serum proteins that were significantly elevated in BD after multiple testing adjustment: “complement C9” and “Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein”. Moreover, the first principal component of variance in the proteomics dataset differed significantly between SCZ and BD. After multiple testing correction, SCZ-PRS, BD-PRS, and SCZ-vs-BD–PRS were not significantly associated with the levels of the individual proteins or the values of the proteome principal components indicating no detectable genetic effects. Overall, our findings contribute to the evidence suggesting that the analysis of circulating proteins could lead to the identification of distinctive biomarkers for SCZ and BD. Our investigation warrants replication in large-scale studies to confirm these findings.
Developments in scalable strategies for detecting early markers of cognitive decline
Authors: Whelan Robert , Barbey Florentine M. , Cominetti Marcia R. , Gillan Claire M. , Rosická Anna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEffective strategies for early detection of cognitive decline, if deployed on a large scale, would have individual and societal benefits. However, current detection methods are invasive or time-consuming and therefore not suitable for longitudinal monitoring of asymptomatic individuals. For example, biological markers of neuropathology associated with cognitive decline are typically collected via cerebral spinal fluid, cognitive functioning is evaluated from face-to-face assessments by experts and brain measures are obtained using expensive, non-portable equipment. Here, we describe scalable, repeatable, relatively non-invasive and comparatively inexpensive strategies for detecting the earliest markers of cognitive decline. These approaches are characterized by simple data collection protocols conducted in locations outside the laboratory: measurements are collected passively, by the participants themselves or by non-experts. The analysis of these data is, in contrast, often performed in a centralized location using sophisticated techniques. Recent developments allow neuropathology associated with potential cognitive decline to be accurately detected from peripheral blood samples. Advances in smartphone technology facilitate unobtrusive passive measurements of speech, fine motor movement and gait, that can be used to predict cognitive decline. Specific cognitive processes can be assayed using ‘gamified’ versions of standard laboratory cognitive tasks, which keep users engaged across multiple test sessions. High quality brain data can be regularly obtained, collected at-home by users themselves, using portable electroencephalography. Although these methods have great potential for addressing an important health challenge, there are barriers to be overcome. Technical obstacles include the need for standardization and interoperability across hardware and software. Societal challenges involve ensuring equity in access to new technologies, the cost of implementation and of any follow-up care, plus ethical issues.
PANTHER: AZD8931, inhibitor of EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB3 signalling, combined with FOLFIRI: a Phase I/II study to determine the importance of schedule and activity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Propper David J. , Gao Fangfei , Saunders Mark P. , Sarker Debashis , Hartley John A. , Spanswick Victoria J. , Lowe Helen L. , Hackett Louise D. , Ng Tony T. , Barber Paul R. , Weitsman Gregory E. , Pearce Sarah , White Laura , Lopes Andre , Forsyth Sharon , Hochhauser Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target to which HER2/HER3 activation may contribute resistance. This Phase I/II study examined the toxicity and efficacy of high-dose pulsed AZD8931, an EGFR/HER2/HER3 inhibitor, combined with chemotherapy, in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Treatment-naive patients received 4-day pulses of AZD8931 with irinotecan/5-FU (FOLFIRI) in a Phase I/II single-arm trial. Primary endpoint for Phase I was dose limiting toxicity (DLT); for Phase II best overall response. Samples were analysed for pharmacokinetics, EGFR dimers in circulating exosomes and Comet assay quantitating DNA damage.

Results
Eighteen patients received FOLFIRI and AZD8931. At 160 mg bd, 1 patient experienced G3 DLT; 160 mg bd was used for cohort expansion. No grade 5 adverse events (AE) reported. Seven (39%) and 1 (6%) patients experienced grade 3 and grade 4 AEs, respectively. Of 12 patients receiving 160 mg bd, best overall response rate was 25%, median PFS and OS were 8.7 and 21.2 months, respectively. A reduction in circulating HER2/3 dimer in the two responding patients after 12 weeks treatment was observed.

Conclusions
The combination of pulsed high-dose AZD8931 with FOLFIRI has acceptable toxicity. Further studies of TKI sequencing may establish a role for pulsed use of such agents rather than continuous exposure.

Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01862003.
Mitochondrial glutamine transporter SLC1A5_var, a potential target to suppress astrocyte reactivity in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Liu Yang , Cao Lei , Song Yuting , Kang Zhengwei , Liu Ting , Ding Jianhua , Hu Gang , Lu Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSLC1A5 variant (SLC1A5_var) is identified as a mitochondrial glutamine transporter in cancer cells recently. However, the role of SLC1A5_var in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is completely unknown. Here, we found the significant downregulation of SLC1A5_var in astrocytes and midbrain of mice treated with MPTP/MPP+ and LPS. Importantly, overexpression of SLC1A5_var ameliorated but knockdown of SLC1A5_var exacerbated MPTP/MPP+- and LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, SLC1A5_var provided beneficial effects on PD pathology including improvement of PD-like motor symptoms and rescue of dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration through maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism. Moreover, SLC1A5_var reduced astrocyte reactivity via inhibition of A1 astrocyte conversion. Further investigation demonstrated that SLC1A5_var restrained the secretion of astrocytic pro-inflammatory cytokines by blunting TLR4-mediated downstream pathways. This is the first study to prove that astrocytic SLC1A5_var inhibits neuroinflammation, and rescues the loss of DA neurons and motor symptoms involved in PD progression, which provides a novel target for PD treatment.
Capture at the ER-mitochondrial contacts licenses IP3 receptors to stimulate local Ca2+ transfer and oxidative metabolism
Authors: Katona Máté , Bartók Ádám , Nichtova Zuzana , Csordás György , Berezhnaya Elena , Weaver David , Ghosh Arijita , Várnai Péter , Yule David I. , Hajnóczky György 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs) are restructured in response to changes in cell state. While this restructuring has been implicated as a cause or consequence of pathology in numerous systems, the underlying molecular dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show means to visualize the capture of motile IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) at ERMCs and document the immediate consequences for calcium signaling and metabolism. IP3Rs are of particular interest because their presence provides a scaffold for ERMCs that mediate local calcium signaling, and their function outside of ERMCs depends on their motility. Unexpectedly, in a cell model with little ERMC Ca2+ coupling, IP3Rs captured at mitochondria promptly mediate Ca2+ transfer, stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The Ca2+ transfer does not require linkage with a pore-forming protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Thus, motile IP3Rs can traffic in and out of ERMCs, and, when ‘parked’, mediate calcium signal propagation to the mitochondria, creating a dynamic arrangement that supports local communication.
Simultaneous atmospheric water production and 24-hour power generation enabled by moisture-induced energy harvesting
Authors: Li Tingxian , Wu Minqiang , Xu Jiaxing , Du Ruxue , Yan Taisen , Wang Pengfei , Bai Zhaoyuan , Wang Ruzhu , Wang Siqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater and electricity scarcity are two global challenges, especially in arid and remote areas. Harnessing ubiquitous moisture and sunlight for water and power generation is a sustainable route to address these challenges. Herein, we report a moisture-induced energy harvesting strategy to realize efficient sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) and 24-hour thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) by synergistically utilizing moisture-induced sorption/desorption heats of SAWH, solar energy in the daytime and radiative cooling in the nighttime. Notably, the synergistic effects significantly improve all-day thermoelectric power density (~346%) and accelerate atmospheric water harvesting compared with conventional designs. We further demonstrate moisture-induced energy harvesting for a hybrid SAWH-TEPG device, exhibiting high water production of 750 g m−2, together with impressive thermoelectric power density up to 685 mW m−2 in the daytime and 21 mW m−2 in the nighttime. Our work provides a promising approach to realizing sustainable water production and power generation at anytime and anywhere.
Southern Ocean biogenic blooms freezing-in Oligocene colder climates
Authors: Hochmuth Katharina , Whittaker Joanne M. , Sauermilch Isabel , Klocker Andreas , Gohl Karsten , LaCasce Joseph H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrossing a key atmospheric CO2threshold triggered a fundamental global climate reorganisation ~34 million years ago (Ma) establishing permanent Antarctic ice sheets. Curiously, a more dramatic CO2decline (~800–400 ppm by the Early Oligocene(~27 Ma)), postdates initial ice sheet expansion but the mechanisms driving this later, rapid drop in atmospheric carbon during the early Oligocene remains elusive and controversial. Here we use marine seismic reflection and borehole data to reveal an unprecedented accumulation of early Oligocene strata (up to 2.2 km thick over 1500 × 500 km) with a major biogenic component in the Australian Southern Ocean. High-resolution ocean simulations demonstrate that a tectonically-driven, one-off reorganisation of ocean currents, caused a unique period where current instability coincided with high nutrient input from the Antarctic continent. This unrepeated and short-lived environment favoured extreme bioproductivity and enhanced sediment burial. The size and rapid accumulation of this sediment package potentially holds ~1.067 × 1015 kg of the ‘missing carbon’ sequestered during the decline from an Eocene high CO2-world to a mid-Oligocene medium CO2-world, highlighting the exceptional role of the Southern Ocean in modulating long-term climate.
The composition and structure of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon contamination on van der Waals materials
Authors: Pálinkás András , Kálvin György , Vancsó Péter , Kandrai Konrád , Szendrő Márton , Németh Gergely , Németh Miklós , Pekker Áron , Pap József S. , Petrik Péter , Kamarás Katalin , Tapasztó Levente , Nemes-Incze Péter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe behavior of single layer van der Waals (vdW) materials is profoundly influenced by the immediate atomic environment at their surface, a prime example being the myriad of emergent properties in artificial heterostructures. Equally significant are adsorbates deposited onto their surface from ambient. While vdW interfaces are well understood, our knowledge regarding atmospheric contamination is severely limited. Here we show that the common ambient contamination on the surface of: graphene, graphite, hBN and MoS2 is composed of a self-organized molecular layer, which forms during a few days of ambient exposure. Using low-temperature STM measurements we image the atomic structure of this adlayer and in combination with infrared spectroscopy identify the contaminant molecules as normal alkanes with lengths of 20-26 carbon atoms. Through its ability to self-organize, the alkane layer displaces the manifold other airborne contaminant species, capping the surface of vdW materials and possibly dominating their interaction with the environment.
Anti-Jahn-Teller effect induced ultrafast insulator to metal transition in perovskite BaBiO3
Authors: Feng Nan , Han Jian , Lin Changpeng , Ai Zhengwei , Lan Chuwen , Bi Ke , Lin Yuanhua , Xue Kan-Hao , Xu Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Jahn-Teller (JT) effect involves the ions M with a degenerate electronic state distorting the corner-sharing MO6octahedra to lift the degeneracy, inducing strong coupling of electrons to lattice, and mediating the exotic properties in perovskite oxides. Conversely, the anti-Jahn–Teller (AJT) effect refers to the deformation against the Jahn-Teller-distorted MO6octahedra. However, it is difficult to experimentally execute both effects descending from the fine-tuning of crystal structures. We propose the AJT can be introduced by THz laser illumination at 11.71 THz in a candidate superconducting perovskite material BaBiO3near room temperature. The illumination coherently drives the infrared-active phonon that excites the Raman breathing mode through the quadratic-linear nonlinear interaction. The process is characterized by the emergence of an AJT effect, accompanied by an insulator-to-metal transition occurring on the picosecond timescale. This study underlines the important role of crystal structure engineering by coherent phonon excitation in designing optoelectronic devices.
A way forward for fundamental physics in space
Authors: Bassi A. , Cacciapuoti L. , Capozziello S. , Dell’Agnello S. , Diamanti E. , Giulini D. , Iess L. , Jetzer P. , Joshi S. K. , Landragin A. , Poncin-Lafitte C. Le , Rasel E. , Roura A. , Salomon C. , Ulbricht H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpace-based research can provide a major leap forward in the study of key open questions in the fundamental physics domain. They include the validity of Einstein’s Equivalence principle, the origin and the nature of dark matter and dark energy, decoherence and collapse models in quantum mechanics, and the physics of quantum many-body systems. Cold-atom sensors and quantum technologies have drastically changed the approach to precision measurements. Atomic clocks and atom interferometers as well as classical and quantum links can be used to measure tiny variations of the space-time metric, elusive accelerations, and faint forces to test our knowledge of the physical laws ruling the Universe. In space, such instruments can benefit from unique conditions that allow improving both their precision and the signal to be measured. In this paper, we discuss the scientific priorities of a space-based research program in fundamental physics.
Path probability selection in nature and path integral
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Min-Lan , Wang Rui-Wu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding of any biological evolutions, such as speciation, adaptation behavior and biodiversity pattern, is based on a fundamental concept of fitness, in which natural selection implies the improvement and progress of fitness in either direct/indirect benefit or genetic transmission to the next generation. However, this basic idea of biological evolution, which is mathematically described by Price equation or its related models, has not fully considered feedback effects from the environment or other generations. They lost the global dynamics of the evolutions consequently. Drawing on the idea of modern physics, we introduce the path integral by iterating the Price equation step by step to characterize the evolutionary path in which the stationary fitness is replaced by the path probability. The evolutionary selection therefore will depend on path probability instead of fitness advantage. In such a framework of the evolutionary path, the intermediate process of evolution is not always pointing to the fitness-maximizing equilibrium and multiple evolutionary paths could thus coexist without fitness advantage discrimination. This mechanism could potentially explain evolutionary strategies with the diversified fitness (e.g., coexistence of altruism and selfishness) and thus species diversity.
Lithium-sensing riboswitch classes regulate expression of bacterial cation transporter genes
Authors: White Neil , Sadeeshkumar Harini , Sun Anna , Sudarsan Narasimhan , Breaker Ronald R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium is rare in Earth’s crust compared to the biologically relevant alkali metal cations sodium and potassium but can accumulate to toxic levels in some environments. We report the experimental validation of two distinct bacterial riboswitch classes that selectively activate gene expression in response to elevated Li+ concentrations. These RNAs commonly regulate the expression of nhaA genes coding for ion transporters that weakly discriminate between Na+ and Li+. Our findings demonstrated that the primary function of Li+ riboswitches and associated NhaA transporters is to prevent Li+ toxicity, particularly when bacteria are living at high pH. Additional riboswitch-associated genes revealed how some cells defend against the deleterious effects of Li+ in the biosphere, which might become more problematic as its industrial applications increase.
Associations between digital media use and brain surface structural measures in preschool-aged children
Authors: Hutton John S. , Dudley Jonathan , DeWitt Thomas , Horowitz-Kraus Tzipi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limits on digital media use (“screen time”), citing cognitive-behavioral risks. Media use in early childhood is ubiquitous, though few imaging-based studies have been conducted to quantify impacts on brain development. Cortical morphology changes dynamically from infancy through adulthood and is associated with cognitive-behavioral abilities. The current study involved 52 children who completed MRI and cognitive testing at a single visit. The MRI protocol included a high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scan. The child’s parent completed the ScreenQ composite measure of media use. MRI measures included cortical thickness (CT) and sulcal depth (SD) across the cerebrum. ScreenQ was applied as a predictor of CT and SD first in whole-brain regression analyses and then for regions of interest (ROIs) identified in a prior study of screen time involving adolescents, controlling for sex, age and maternal education. Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower CT in right-lateralized occipital, parietal, temporal and fusiform areas, and also lower SD in right-lateralized inferior temporal/fusiform areas, with substantially greater statistical significance in ROI-based analyses. These areas support primary visual and higher-order processing and align with prior findings in adolescents. While differences in visual areas likely reflect maturation, those in higher-order areas may suggest under-development, though further studies are needed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on alcohol consumption and risk of endometriosis: an update from 2012
Authors: Li Piani Letizia , Chiaffarino Francesca , Cipriani Sonia , Viganò Paola , Somigliana Edgardo , Parazzini Fabio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a complex and chronic disease, whose multifactorial nature has encouraged a deep investigation on the role of lifestyle factors. A strong association between alcohol intake and endometriosis risk has already been shown. We aimed to confirm this association, considering the updated literature. 23 eligible studies were identified through comprehensive literature search of PubMed and EMBASE (May 2012–October 2021). A borderline statistical significance was found comparing any alcohol consumption with no consumption (unadjusted OR 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99–1.31, p = 0.06), in contrast with a previous meta-analysis. However, we confirmed the significant association between moderate alcohol intake and endometriosis (unadjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45, p = 0.02), also performing a sensitivity analysis (unadjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04–1.54). Our partly divergent evidence reflects the tough challenge of isolating the impact of specific factors on the natural history of multifactorial diseases. Indeed, on one hand alcohol could be adopted by patients as a self-management therapy and on the other, it could favor the disease, promoting positive feedback with inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Our study encourages further investigation on the role of modifiable lifestyle factors and highlights the opportunity to adopt them to prevent or at least limit endometriosis progression.