bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of blood flow restricted electrical stimulations on recovery from muscle damage
Authors: Brown LaNiece J. , Gasser Alexa N. , Sterner Robert L. , Dankel Scott J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth electrical stimulations (E‐STIM) and blood flow restriction (BFR) have been shown to treat symptoms of exercise‐induced muscle damage, but little is known about their combined effects which was the purpose of this study.MethodsIndividuals completed one set of eccentric elbow flexion exercises to induce muscle damage. Forty‐eight hours later, E‐STIM was applied using an interferential current administered to both arms for 20 min; however, only one arm completed the E‐STIM protocol while also undergoing repeated bouts of BFR (full occlusion for 2 min separated by a 1‐min rest intervals). Discomfort and isometric strength were assessed immediately before the damaging exercise, immediately before the treatments, and 0, 10, and 30 min posttreatment.ResultsA total of 22 individuals (11 females) completed the study. There were no interactions with respect to discomfort (BF10 = 0.008) or isometric strength (BF10 = 0.009) indicating that the addition of BFR did not alter the effectiveness of E‐STIM. There was a main effect of time indicating that the damaging exercise was successful at depressing torque (pre: 284 N, post: 199 N; BF10 = 2.70e9) and inducing discomfort (pre: 0 au, post: 6.4 au; BF10 = 3.21e17). While isometric strength did not recover with the E‐STIM treatments, discomfort was reduced at each the immediate post (5.3 au; BF10 = 56 294) 10‐min post (5.0 au; BF10 = 46 163), and 30‐min post (4.9 au; BF10 = 707 600) time points.ConclusionE‐STIM may be useful for treating discomfort, but does not appear capable of recovering strength associated with muscle damage. The efficacy of E‐STIM would not appear to be enhanced if performed under BFR.
Outcomes in kidney transplant recipients treated with immediate‐release tacrolimus capsules versus extended‐release tacrolimus capsules: A cohort study
Authors: Ha Yoonhee P. , Divard Gillian , Mitra Nandita , Putt Mary E. , Pallet Nicolas , Loupy Alexandre , Anglicheau Dany , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer , Legendre Christophe , Bloom Roy D. , Reese Peter P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrior randomized trials and observational studies have generally reported similar outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with immediate‐release tacrolimus (IR‐TAC) versus extended‐release tacrolimus (ER‐TAC). However, many of these previous studies focused on patients with low immunological risks, had small sample sizes and brief follow‐up periods, and excluded outcomes associated with graft loss, such as chronic rejection.MethodsTo address these limitations, we conducted a cohort study of 848 KTRs at a single transplantation center who had generally high immunological risks and were treated with either IR‐TAC capsules (589 patients, 65.9%) or ER‐TAC capsules (289 patients, 34.1%). All patients received their designated maintenance immunosuppressive regimen for at least 3 months post‐transplantation. Afterwards, tacrolimus formulation was at the discretion of each patient's transplant nephrologist. For the two treatment groups, we compared the hazards of experiencing a composite outcome of acute or chronic antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), acute or chronic T‐cell‐mediated rejection, de novo DSA, and/or graft loss over a 3‐year period starting at 3 months post‐transplantation.ResultsIn a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, KTRs treated with IR‐TAC capsules had an increased hazard of experiencing the composite outcome when compared to patients treated with ER‐TAC capsules; however, this result was not significant (adj HR 1.24, 95% CI .92–1.68, p = .163). Similar results were obtained with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using a propensity score (adj HR 1.25, 95% CI .93–1.68, p = .146).ConclusionThese findings suggest that when compared to IR‐TAC capsules, ER‐TAC capsules do not reduce the hazard of poor outcomes in KTRs with generally high immunological risks.
Noroviral diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients: An analysis of interventions and outcomes
Authors: Nair Sashi N. , Bhaskaran Archana , Chandorkar Aditya , Fontana Lauren , Obeid Karam M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionNoroviral infection can lead to chronic diarrhea in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing literature has described a wide spectrum of illness and has not come to a consensus on the optimal management of this condition.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of all adult SOT recipients between 1/1/2018 and 12/31/2020 who were diagnosed with their first episode of noroviral diarrhea (NVD). Demographic, clinical interventions, and outcomes within 6 months of diagnosis were recorded. Patients’ outcomes were classified as either resolved, improved or persistent at 6 months.ResultsSeventy‐nine SOT recipients were included. Thirty‐eight patients (48%) had chronic diarrhea at baseline (CDB). Thirty‐two patients (40%) received nitazoxanide, 28 patients (35%) had their immunosuppression adjusted and seven patients (9%) received intravenous immunoglobulin. Diarrhea improved or resolved in 68 patients (85%). Improvement or resolution of diarrhea was observed in 98% of those who did not have history of chronic diarrhea versus 74% in those who did (p = .002). NVD improved in all 12 patients who had mycophenolate discontinued, although this was not statistically significant (p = .131).ConclusionCDB was associated with worse outcomes regardless of intervention. A low threshold to test for NVD in SOT recipients with chronic diarrhea is prudent to prevent delayed diagnosis.
Persisting dental foci increase the risk for bacterial infections before and after liver transplant
Authors: Göbel Philipp , Forsting Christiane , Klüners Alexandra , Knipper Petra , Manekeller Steffen , Nattermann Jacob , Kalff Jörg C. , Kramer Franz‐Josef , Strassburg Christian P. , Lutz Philipp 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients awaiting liver transplant are usually assessed for presence of dental foci to prevent bacterial infection post‐transplant, but evidence to support dental examination and treatment is limited. We investigated if treatment of dental foci decreased bacterial infections before and after transplant.MethodsPatients transplanted at the university hospital of Bonn were retrospectively assessed for occurrence of bacterial infections before and after transplant according to presence and treatment of dental foci.Results35/110 patients showed good oral health, 39/110 patients received dental care and 36/110 patients did not receive dental care despite poor oral health. Patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease presented with the highest rate of dental foci. Bleeding complications due to oral care occurred in five patients with poor coagulation. After transplant, the number of infections per patient was higher in patients with poor oral health (2.9) compared to patients after dental care (1.9) or with good oral health (1.8) (p = .02), with streptococcal infections being more frequent in patients with poor oral health. Before transplant, bacterial infections, in particular bacteraemia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, were also more common in patients with untreated dental foci. Streptococci and Staphylococci were more often detected in patients with dental foci. Dental treatment was associated with a reduction in bacterial infections.ConclusionPresence of dental foci is associated with an increased risk for bacterial infections not only after but also before liver transplant. Dental treatment might be a safe and effective procedure to mitigate this risk.
Home drinking during and post‐COVID‐19: Why the silence on domestic violence?
Authors: Wilson Ingrid M. , Lightowlers Carly , Bryant Lucy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a well‐established body of evidence demonstrating alcohol is a compounding factor increasing both the occurrence and the severity of domestic violence in intimate relationships. The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated public health measures such as lockdowns and social distancing have contributed to a rise in domestic violence. Yet, despite the closure of public drinking venues and substantial changes to the home drinking landscape, the role of alcohol in domestic violence has received little attention from both the alcohol and domestic violence fields. In this commentary, we argue that the pandemic has magnified existing silences across these fields, resulting in missed opportunities for intervention. The implications for home drinking in particular on domestic violence deserve greater focus in research and policy.
Was David Hume a racist? Interpreting Hume's infamous footnote (Part II)
Authors: Asher Kendra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is the second part of a two‐part article. The first part appeared in the June 2022 issue of Economic Affairs. In his essay ‘Of National Characters’, David Hume added a now‐infamous footnote denigrating African civilisations and black people in general. Hume is widely recognised as a critic of bigotry, yet his footnote is the height of bigotry. I argue that Hume often wrote in an ambiguous and occasionally contradictory fashion to draw readers with opposing views into his work, yet his true beliefs were sometimes hard to discern. This article examines a number of oddities and inconsistencies in Hume's writing on race, including a striking non sequitur within the footnote.
Testing the total consumption model of alcohol
Authors: Snowdon Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupply‐side interventions to reduce alcohol consumption are often justified by reference to the total consumption model. According to this theory, which is dominant in public health academia, reducing per capita alcohol consumption across society is a sufficient and necessary condition to reduce alcohol‐related mortality. This article presents new evidence showing that there is no single distribution of alcohol consumption and that trends in per capita consumption and alcohol‐related mortality often move in opposite directions. Economic interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of heavy drinking by reducing per capita alcohol consumption cannot therefore be assumed to be effective.
By the same author: Presenting Adam Smith's works as a whole
Authors: Klein Daniel B , Breashears Caroline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the first edition of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in London in 1776, the ‘by the same author’ list is presented in a very unusual place: directly opposite the table of contents. That placement suggests a continuity and unity in Smith's published works. A photograph provides a touchstone to discuss: (a) the Language essay, (b) the full title of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and (c) Wealth of Nations under the ethical umbrella of Moral Sentiments.
The role of anti‐capitalism in Hitler's world view
Authors: Zitelmann Rainer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnti‐capitalism played a more important role in Hitler's world view than is generally assumed. Hitler was sceptical about nationalising all means of production because, as a Social Darwinist, he feared that this would override natural selection in the economic sphere. From the mid‐1930s, however, he became increasingly convinced that a planned economy was far superior to a market economy and, with time, came to increasingly admire the Soviet system.
Experimental and numerical study on fracture behavior of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites based on Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model
Authors: Ma Mingze , Wu Tao , Yao Weixing , Ye Ti , Li Piao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the mechanical behavior of 10 and 14 vol.% SiCp/Al composites was studied with both experiments and numerical analysis. A 3D macrostructure model based on modified Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was developed to predict the elasto‐plastic response and fracture behavior of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (PRAMCs). The particle size effects on the plastic strengthening induced by geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) were introduced, and the size distribution of the SiC particles was obtained according to the statistical analysis of the microstructure. The material parameters for GTN model were determined with a parameter identification process, and the validity of the numerical results was validated by the agreement of the experimental stress–strain curve. Results reveal that particle size randomness plays an important role in the fracture morphologies.
How different is human hair? A critical appraisal of the reported differences in global hair fibre characteristics and properties towards defining a more relevant framework for hair type classification
Authors: Daniels Gabriela , Fraser Ashiana , Westgate Gillian E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review critically appraises the reported differences in human hair fibre within three related domains of research: hair classification approaches, fibre characteristics and properties. The most common hair classification approach is based on geo‐racial origin, defining three main groups: African, Asian and Caucasian hair. This classification does not account sufficiently for the worldwide hair diversity and intergroups variability in curl, shape, size and colour. A global classification into eight curl types has been proposed but may be too complex for reproducibility. Beyond that, hair cross‐sectional shape and area have been found to have an inverse relation to curl: straighter fibres are circular with larger cross‐sectional area, whilst the curlier fibres are elliptical with smaller cross‐sectional area. These geometrical differences have been associated with bilateral vs homogenous distribution of cortical cell in curly vs straight hair respectively. However, there is no sufficient data demonstrating significant differences in hair amino composition, but proteomic studies are reporting associations of some proteins with curly hair. Eumelanin’s relative abundance has been reported in all hair colours except for red hair which has a high pheomelanin content. Higher tensile and fatigue strength of straight hair are reported, however, curly hair fragility is attributed to knotting, and crack and flow formations rather than the structural variations. African hair has been found to have the highest level of lipids, whilst the water sorption of Caucasian hair is the highest, and that of Asian hair the lowest.Not all comparative studies clearly report their hair sampling approaches. Therefore, to strengthen the robustness of comparative studies and to facilitate cross‐study data comparisons, it is recommended that the following hair defining characteristics are reported in studies: hair cross sectional diameter/area, curl type, hair assembly colour, as well as where possible donor data (age/gender) and sample pooling approach.
The Asia‐Pacific AMS800 artificial urinary sphincter consensus statement
Authors: Chung Eric , Liao Limin , Kim Jang Hwan , Wang Zhong , Kitta Takeya , Lin Alex Tong‐Long , Lee Kyu‐Sung , Ye Liefu , Chu Peggy , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Takei Mineo , Jiang Hai , Lee Joe , Masuda Hitoshi , Tse Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis Asia‐Pacific (AP) AMS 800™ artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) consensus statement aims to provide a set of practical recommendations to assist surgeons with the AMS 800 device surgery. The AP consensus committee consisted of key opinion leaders with extensive experience with AMS 800 surgery across several AP countries. The panel reviewed and discussed relevant findings with emphasis on locoregional and specific clinical challenges relevant to the AP region. Recommendations were made in key areas namely (1) patient selection and informed consent process; (2) preoperative assessment; (3) dealing with co‐existing urological disorders; (4) surgical principles and intraoperative troubleshooting; (5) postoperative care; (6) special populations; and (7) cost analysis and comparative review. The AMS 800 device should be offered to males with moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Full informed consent should be undertaken, and emphasis is placed on surgical contraindications and high‐risk candidates. The presence of a surgical mentor or referral to experts is recommended in complex AUS candidates. Preoperative cystoscopy with or without multichannel urodynamic study is necessary and patients with pre‐existing urological disorders should be treated adequately and clinically stable before surgery. Adherence to strict patient selection and safe surgical principles are critical to ensure excellent clinical outcomes and minimize complications. Given that InhibiZone‐coated device is not available in many AP countries, the use of prophylactic antibiotics pre‐and post‐operatively are recommended. The AMS 800 device should be prepared according to the manufacturer's guidelines and remains a cost‐effective treatment for male SUI. The AMS 800 device remains the surgical benchmark for male SUI but is associated with certain mechanical limitations and a unique set of complications.
Managers' perception of older nurses and midwives and their contribution to the workplace—A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Denton Julie , Evans David , Xu Qunyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore healthcare managers' perceptions about older nurses' and midwives' and their contribution to the workplace.DesignA qualitative descriptive methodology.MethodTwenty healthcare managers working in Australia participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were collected between April 2019 and April 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAll healthcare managers said older nurses and midwives contributed to the workplace through their experience and knowledge. Managers viewed them as a different type of worker and while there were some positive aspects to this, it was mostly negative. Although managers identified a broad age range for the older nurses or midwives, there was a common perception that if they were no longer able to perform their duties, they should leave the workforce.ConclusionHealthcare managers' perceptions towards older nurses and midwives are mostly negative, and their understanding of older workers' contribution is contradictory and poor. These negative views co‐exist with the lack of agreement on who is the older worker, which explain the reluctance of healthcare organizations to invest in their older workforce. Future research is needed to better understand the unique contribution of older nurses and midwives in healthcare and how they can be supported at work.ImpactThe global ageing population will result in a rise in complex age‐related health issues and will require an experienced and knowledgeable workforce. Given the greater experience of older nurses and midwives they are an important part of the health workforce. Yet managers' perception of the contribution by older nurses and midwives were often negative. The findings of this study highlight the need for organizational change so that the contribution of older nurses and midwives is recognized and supported by managers.
PD‐L1/p‐STAT3 promotes the progression of NSCLC cells by regulating TAM polarization
Authors: Zhang Rui , Meng Ziqi , Wu Xuwei , Zhang Meihua , Piao Zhengri , Jin Tiefeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPD‐L1 is closely related to the immune escape process of tumour cells, and targeted PD‐L1 clinical immunotherapy has been implemented. However, whether PD‐L1 is involved in TAM/M2 polarization in the TME of NSCLC and its specific mechanism remain unclear. In order to clarify the specific role of PD‐L1 in NSCLC and to seek new treatments for NSCLC, we designed a series of experimental studies. After constructing the co‐culture system and conditioned medium system, the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, EMT process and stemness of NSCLC were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, endothelial cell tube formation and western blot assays. The results showed that αPD‐L1 reversed TAM/M2 polarization by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation in TAM/M2, therapy inhibiting NSCLC cell migration, angiogenesis, EMT process and stemness. However, αPD‐L1 had no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis abilities of NSCLC cells. In vivo experiments showed that αPD‐L1 inhibited lung metastasis of NSCLC and reversed TAM/M2 polarization in TME. The study investigates the mechanism by which PD‐L1 regulates TAMs polarization in TME and promotes malignant progression of NSCLC, providing a new theoretical basis for PD‐L1 targeted therapy of NSCLC.
Quantifying and mathematical modelling of the influence of soluble adenylate cyclase on cell cycle in human endothelial cells with Bayesian inference
Authors: Woranush Warunya , Moskopp Mats Leif , Noll Thomas , Dieterich Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdenosine‐3′, 5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) produced by adenylate cyclases (ADCYs) is an established key regulator of cell homoeostasis. However, its role in cell cycle control is still controversially discussed. This study focussed on the impact of soluble HCO3−‐activated ADCY10 on cell cycle progression. Effects are quantified with Bayesian inference integrating a mathematical model and experimental data. The activity of ADCY10 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was either pharmacologically inhibited by KH7 or endogenously activated by HCO3−. Cell numbers of individual cell cycle phases were assessed over time using flow cytometry. Based on these numbers, cell cycle dynamics were analysed using a mathematical model. This allowed precise quantification of cell cycle dynamics with model parameters that describe the durations of individual cell cycle phases. Endogenous inactivation of ADCY10 resulted in prolongation of mean cell cycle times (38.7 ± 8.3 h at 0 mM HCO3−vs 30.3 ± 2.7 h at 24 mM HCO3−), while pharmacological inhibition resulted in functional arrest of cell cycle by increasing mean cell cycle time after G0/G1synchronization to 221.0 ± 96.3 h. All cell cycle phases progressed slower due to ADCY10 inactivation. In particular, the G1‐S transition was quantitatively the most influenced by ADCY10. In conclusion, the data of the present study show that ADCY10 is a key regulator in cell cycle progression linked specifically to the G1‐S transition.