bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nilpotent Groups and Bi-Lipschitz Embeddings Into L1
Authors: Eriksson-Bique Sylvester , Gartland Chris , Le Donne Enrico , Naples Lisa , Nicolussi Golo Sebastiano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We prove that if a simply connected nilpotent Lie group quasi-isometrically embeds into an $L^1$ space, then it is abelian. We reach this conclusion by proving that every Carnot group that bi-Lipschitz embeds into $L^1$ is abelian. Our proof follows the work of Cheeger and Kleiner, by considering the pull-back distance of a Lipschitz map into $L^1$ and representing it using a cut measure. We show that such cut measures, and the induced distances, can be blown up and the blown-up cut measure is supported on “generic” tangents of the original sets. By repeating such a blow-up procedure, one obtains a cut measure supported on half-spaces. This differentiation result then is used to prove that bi-Lipschitz embeddings can not exist in the non-abelian settings.
A Literature Review on How We Can Address Medical Laboratory Scientist Staffing Shortages
Authors: Halstead Diane C , Sautter Robert L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveLaboratories are facing a critical shortage of medical laboratory scientists (MLS) and medical laboratory technicians (MLT) to address an increasing demand for laboratory testing. Training program closures, fewer student applicants, and financial decisions have contributed to staffing shortages. Lack of visibility, low wages, and perceived lack of opportunities for upward career mobility contribute to challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified individuals and students who are unaware of laboratory medicine careers. Our goal was to review the literature to determine the current state and consequences of staffing shortages, and potential solutions to address these shortages.MethodsMedline/PubMed, PubMed Central, MeSH, Google Scholar, and Marshall Digital Scholar were used as resources.Discussion/ConclusionsA collaboration of stakeholders is needed to identify staffing challenges, barriers, and solutions and to increase visibility of laboratory professionals. Early recruitment is best started in the middle and high school educational process.
Classifying all transducer degrees below N3
Authors: Kaufmann Noah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We answer an open question in the theory of transducer degrees initially posed in Endrullis et al. (2016, Proc. Conf. on Developments in Language Theory (DLT 2016), 164–176), on the structure of polynomial transducer degrees. Transducer degrees are the equivalence classes formed by word transformations which can be realized by a finite-state transducer (FST). While there are no general techniques to tell if a word $\sigma $ can be transformed into $\tau $ via an FST, the work of Endrullis et al. (2010, J. Int., 11B.A6, 164–176) provides a test for the class of streams determined by spiralling functions, which includes all streams determined by polynomials. We fully classify the degrees of all cubic polynomial streams which are below the stream corresponding to $n^3$, and many of the methods can also be used to classify the degrees of polynomial streams of higher orders.
Efficacy and safety of miconazole muco-adhesive tablet versus itraconazole in oropharyngeal candidiasis: A randomized, multi-centered, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Zhou Haiwen , Wang Wenmei , Duan Ning , Luo Zhixiao , Chai Hongbo , Jiang Lu , Chen Qianming , Liu Jinli , Hua Hong , Yan Zhimin , Fan Yuan , Xu Juanyong , Guan Xiaobing , Wang Hongjian , Lu Hongzhou , Lun Wenhui , Fei Wei , Zhang Tong , Zhao Jizhi , Jia Chunling , Kong Hui , Shen Xuemin , Liu Qing , Wang Weizhi , Tang Guoyao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection treated with anti-fungal agents. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of miconazole buccal tablets (MBT) and itraconazole capsules in the localized treatment of patients with OPC. In this multi-centered, double-blinded, phase III trial (CTR20130414), both males and non-pregnant females (≥18 years) with OPC were randomized (1:1) to MBT plus placebo (experimental group) or itraconazole capsules plus placebo (control group). The primary endpoint was clinical cure at the end-of-treatment period [visit 4 (V4)] while secondary endpoints were clinical remission rates, partial remission rates, mycological cure, clinical relapse, and adverse events (AEs). All endpoints were statistically analyzed in both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol (PP) set. A total of 431 (experimental: 216; control: 215) subjects were included. At V4, in the FAS set, the clinical cure was achieved in 68% and 59% patients in experimental and control groups, respectively with a treatment difference of 9% [95% confidence interval (CI): −1,19; P &lt; .001] demonstrating non-inferiority of MBT over itraconazole. At V4, mycological cure rates were 68.2% and 42.0% in the experimental group and control groups (P &lt; .001), respectively in FAS. The relapse rates were 5.4% and 6.6%, respectively, in the experimental and control groups. A total of 210 patients experienced AEs during treatment with 47.7% in the experimental group and 49.8% in the control group with no deaths. This study demonstrated that once-daily treatment with MBT was non-inferior to itraconazole with higher mycological cure rates and was tolerable with mild AE in patients with OPC.
The chemical and thermal structure of the hot atmosphere of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5813
Authors: Chatzigiannakis D , Simionescu A , Mernier F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a robust representation of the chemical and thermal structure in the galaxy group NGC 5813 using archival, deep X-ray observations, and employing a multi-temperature spectral model based on up to date atomic line emission databases. The selection of our target is motivated by the fact that NGC 5813 has a very relaxed morphology, making it a promising candidate for the study of the AGN feedback’s influence in the intra-group medium (IGrM). Our results showcase a prominent, extended distribution of cool gas along the group’s NE-SW direction, correlating with the direction along which the supermassive black hole in the group’s central galaxy is known to interact with the IGrM. Our analysis indicates gas being uplifted from the group’s centre as the probable origin of the cool gas, although alternative scenarios, such as in-situ cooling can not be explicitly ruled out. Regarding the chemical structure of the IGrM, and unlike previous findings in massive clusters, we find no evidence for recent metal transport by jets/lobes from the central AGN. Instead, elemental abundances remain near Solar on average across the group. The distribution of elements appears to be independent of galactocentric radius, azimuth and the thermodynamics of the gas, suggesting that the IGrM has been efficiently mixed. The large scale uniformity of the abundance distribution implies the presence of complex dynamical processes in NGC 5813, despite its overall relaxed morphology. Past events of extreme AGN feedback or sloshing could be the primary mechanisms behind this.
On large-scale dynamos with stable stratification and the application to stellar radiative zones
Authors: Skoutnev V , Squire J , Bhattacharjee A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our understanding of large-scale magnetic fields in stellar radiative zones remains fragmented and incomplete. Such magnetic fields, which must be produced by some form of dynamo mechanism, are thought to dominate angular-momentum transport, making them crucial to stellar evolution. A major difficulty is the effect of stable stratification, which generally suppresses dynamo action. We explore the effects of stable stratification on mean-field dynamo theory with a particular focus on a non-helical large-scale dynamo (LSD) mechanism known as the magnetic shear-current effect. We find that the mechanism is robust to increasing stable stratification as long as the original requirements for its operation are met: a source of shear and non-helical magnetic fluctuations (e.g. from a small-scale dynamo). Both are plausibly sourced in the presence of differential rotation. Our idealized direct numerical simulations, supported by mean-field theory, demonstrate the generation of near equipartition large-scale toroidal fields. Additionally, a scan over magnetic Reynolds number shows no change in the growth or saturation of the LSD, providing good numerical evidence of a dynamo mechanism resilient to catastrophic quenching, which has been an issue for helical dynamos. These properties – the absence of catastrophic quenching and robustness to stable stratification – make the mechanism a plausible candidate for generating in situ large-scale magnetic fields in stellar radiative zones.
Cosmic ray interstellar propagation tool using Itô Calculus (criptic): software for simultaneous calculation of cosmic ray transport and observational signatures
Authors: Krumholz Mark R , Crocker Roland M , Sampson Matt L 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present criptic, the Cosmic Ray Interstellar Propagation Tool using Itô Calculus, a new open-source software package to simulate the propagation of cosmic rays through the interstellar medium and to calculate the resulting observable non-thermal emission. criptic solves the Fokker–Planck equation describing transport of cosmic rays on scales larger than that on which their pitch angles become approximately isotropic, and couples this to a rich and accurate treatment of the microphysical processes by which cosmic rays in the energy range ∼MeV to ∼PeV lose energy and produce emission. criptic is deliberately agnostic as to both the cosmic ray transport model and the state of the background plasma through which cosmic rays travel. It can solve problems where cosmic rays stream, diffuse, or perform arbitrary combinations of both, and the coefficients describing these transport processes can be arbitrary functions of the background plasma state, the properties of the cosmic rays themselves, and local integrals of the cosmic ray field itself (e.g. the local cosmic ray pressure or pressure gradient). The code is parallelized using a hybrid OpenMP-MPI paradigm, allowing rapid calculations exploiting multiple cores and nodes on modern supercomputers. Here, we describe the numerical methods used in the code, our treatment of the microphysical processes, and the set of code tests and validations we have performed.
Tidally induced migration of TESS gas giants orbiting M dwarfs
Authors: Alvarado-Montes Jaime A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
According to core-accretion formation models, the conditions under which gas giants will form around M dwarfs are very restrictive. Also, the correlation of the occurrence of these planets with the metallicity of host stars is still unknown due to the intrinsic faintness of M dwarfs in the optical and some intricacies in their spectra. Interestingly, NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has started to create a growing sample of these systems, with 11 observed planets located in close-in orbits: contrary to what is expected for low-mass stars. Tidal interactions with the host star will play a key role in determining the fate of these planets, so by using the measured physical and orbital characteristics of these M-dwarf systems we numerically analyse the exchange of rotational and orbital angular momentum, while constraining the energy dissipation in each system to calculate whether host stars are spun up or spun down, depending on the relationship between the gain and loss of angular momentum by the stellar rotation. We also study the coupled orbital and physical evolution of their gas giant companion and calculate orbital circularization time-scales, as well as the time needed to undergo orbital decay from their current orbital position to the Roche limit. The thorough study of tidal processes occurring over short and long time-scales in star–planet systems like those studied here, can help constrain tidal dissipation rates inside the star and planet, complement tidal theories, and improve estimations of unconstrained properties of exoplanetary systems.
Correlation of Postvaccination Fever With Specific Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BNT162b2 Booster and No Significant Influence of Antipyretic Medication
Authors: Tani Naoki , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Goto Takeyuki , Gondo Kei , Inoue Takeru , Yanagihara Yuki , Kurata Yasuo , Oishi Ryo , Minami Junya , Onozawa Kyoko , Nagano Sukehisa , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Akashi Koichi , Shimono Nobuyuki , Chong Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine booster elicits sufficient antibody responses that protect against coronavirus disease 2019, whereas adverse reactions such as fever have been commonly reported. Associations between adverse reactions and antibody responses have not been fully characterized, nor has the influence of antipyretic use.

Methods
This is a prospective observational cohort study in Japan, following our prior investigation of BNT162b2 2-dose primary series. Spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured for SARS-CoV-2–naive hospital healthcare workers who received a BNT162b2 booster. The severity of solicited adverse reactions, including the highest body temperature, and self-medicated antipyretics were reported daily for 7 days following vaccination through a web-based self-reporting diary.

Results
The data of 281 healthcare workers were available. Multivariate analysis extracted fever after the booster dose (β = .305, P &lt; .001) as being significantly correlated with the specific IgG titers. The analysis of 164 participants with data from the primary series showed that fever after the second dose was associated with the emergence of fever after the booster dose (relative risk, 3.97 [95% confidence interval, 2.48–6.35]); however, the IgG titers after the booster dose were not associated with the presence or degree of fever after the second dose. There were no significant differences in the IgG titers by the use, type, or dosage of antipyretic medication.

Conclusions
These results suggest an independent correlation between mRNA vaccine–induced specific IgG levels and post–booster vaccination fever, without any significant influence of fever after the primary series. Antipyretic medications for adverse reactions should not interfere with the elevation of specific IgG titers.
Transnational Interconnections in Nineteenth-Century Western Deaf Communities
Authors: Murray Joseph J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A transnational approach to history brings new perspectives to nationally based historical narratives. In the case of deaf history, it uncovers new patterns of international interaction, resulting in a transnational deaf public sphere, which operated from the latter third of the nineteenth century. Through publications, travel by individual deaf people, and a series of international congresses that took place between 1873 and 1924, deaf Westerners exchanged strategies on how to live as deaf people in auditory societies. A central concern was the preservation of the right to use sign language in the face of ideologies that sought to remove this language from the education of deaf children. Deaf Westerners created transnational strategies of response to transnational ideologies of eugenics and normality. By doing so, they attempted to claim a space for “aberrant” bodies within nationalist ideologies.
The cell biology of primary cell walls during salt stress
Authors: Colin Leia , Ruhnow Felix , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhao Chunzhao , Zhao Yang , Persson Staffan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Salt stress simultaneously causes ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, which directly impact plant growth and development. Plants have developed numerous strategies to adapt to saline environments. Whereas some of these strategies have been investigated and exploited for crop improvement, much remains to be understood, including how salt stress is perceived by plants and how plants coordinate effective responses to the stress. It is, however, clear that the plant cell wall is the first contact point between external salt and the plant. In this context, significant advances in our understanding of halotropism, cell wall synthesis, and integrity surveillance, as well as salt-related cytoskeletal rearrangements, have been achieved. Indeed, molecular mechanisms underpinning some of these processes have recently been elucidated. In this review, we aim to provide insights into how plants respond and adapt to salt stress, with a special focus on primary cell wall biology in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
GA signaling expands: The plant UBX domain-containing protein 1 is a binding partner for the GA receptor
Authors: Hauvermale Amber L , Cárdenas Jessica J , Bednarek Sebastian Y , Steber Camille M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The plant Ubiquitin Regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein 1 (PUX1) functions as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling. GAs are plant hormones that stimulate seed germination, the transition to flowering, and cell elongation and division. Loss of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PUX1 resulted in a “GA-overdose” phenotype including early flowering, increased stem and root elongation, and partial resistance to the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol during seed germination and root elongation. Furthermore, GA application failed to stimulate further stem elongation or flowering onset suggesting that elongation and flowering response to GA had reached its maximum. GA hormone partially repressed PUX1 protein accumulation, and PUX1 showed a GA-independent interaction with the GA receptor GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF-1 (GID1). This suggests that PUX1 is GA regulated and/or regulates elements of the GA signaling pathway. Consistent with PUX1 function as a negative regulator of GA signaling, the pux1 mutant caused increased GID1 expression and decreased accumulation of the DELLA REPRESSOR OF GA1-3, RGA. PUX1 is a negative regulator of the hexameric AAA+ ATPase CDC48, a protein that functions in diverse cellular processes including unfolding proteins in preparation for proteasomal degradation, cell division, and expansion. PUX1 binding to GID1 required the UBX domain, a binding motif necessary for CDC48 interaction. Moreover, PUX1 overexpression in cell culture not only stimulated the disassembly of CDC48 hexamer but also resulted in co-fractionation of GID1, PUX1, and CDC48 subunits in velocity sedimentation assays. Based on our results, we propose that PUX1 and CDC48 are additional factors that need to be incorporated into our understanding of GA signaling.
Genome-edited rice deficient in two4-COUMARATE:COENZYME A LIGASEgenes displays diverse lignin alterations
Authors: Afifi Osama Ahmed , Tobimatsu Yuki , Lam Pui Ying , Martin Andri Fadillah , Miyamoto Takuji , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi , Umezawa Toshiaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme that contributes to channeling metabolic flux in the cinnamate/monolignol pathway, leading to the production of monolignols, p-hydroxycinnamates, and a flavonoid tricin, the major building blocks of lignin polymer in grass cell walls. Vascular plants often contain multiple 4CL genes; however, the contribution of each 4CL isoform to lignin biosynthesis remains unclear, especially in grasses. In this study, we characterized the functions of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) 4CL isoforms (Os4CL3 and Os4CL4) primarily by analyzing the cell wall chemical structures of rice mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis. A series of chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that loss-of-function of Os4CL3 and Os4CL4 differently altered the composition of lignin polymer units. Loss of function of Os4CL3 induced marked reductions in the major guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units derived from both the conserved non-γ-p-coumaroylated and the grass-specific γ-p-coumaroylated monolignols, with more prominent reductions in guaiacyl units than in syringyl units. In contrast, the loss-of-function mutation to Os4CL4 primarily decreased the abundance of the non-γ-p-coumaroylated guaiacyl units. Loss-of-function of Os4CL4, but not of Os4CL3, reduced the grass-specific lignin-bound tricin units, indicating that Os4CL4 plays a key role not only in monolignol biosynthesis but also in the biosynthesis of tricin used for lignification. Further, the loss-of-function of Os4CL3 and Os4CL4 notably reduced cell-wall-bound ferulates, indicating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. Overall, this study demonstrates the overlapping but divergent roles of 4CL isoforms during the coordinated production of various lignin monomers.
Transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of diatom plasticity to light fluctuations
Authors: Zhou Lu , Gao Shan , Yang Wenting , Wu Songcui , Huan Li , Xie Xiujun , Wang Xulei , Lin Senjie , Wang Guangce 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unlike in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, light fields in oceans fluctuate due to both horizontal current and vertical mixing. Diatoms thrive and dominate the phytoplankton community in these fluctuating light fields. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate diatom acclimation and adaptation to light fluctuations are poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing, metabolome profiling, and 13C-tracer labeling on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The diatom acclimated to constant light conditions was transferred to six different light conditions, including constant light (CL5d), short-term (1 h) high light (sHL1h), and short-term (1 h) and long-term (5 days) mild or severe light fluctuation conditions (mFL1h, sFL1h, mFL5d, and sFL5d) that mimicked land and ocean light levels. We identified 2,673 transcripts (25% of the total expressed genes) expressed differentially under different fluctuating light regimes. We also identified 497 transcription factors, 228 not reported previously, which exhibited higher expression under light fluctuations, including 7 with a light-sensitive PAS domain (Per-period circadian protein, Arnt-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, Sim-single-minded protein) and 10 predicted to regulate genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins. Our data showed that prolonged preconditioning in severe light fluctuation enhanced photosynthesis in P. tricornutum under this condition, as evidenced by increased oxygen evolution accompanied by the upregulation of Rubisco and light-harvesting proteins. Furthermore, severe light fluctuation diverted the metabolic flux of assimilated carbon preferentially toward fatty acid storage over sugar and protein. Our results suggest that P. tricornutum use a series of complex and different responsive schemes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism to optimize their growth under mild and severe light fluctuations. These insights underscore the importance of using more intense conditions when investigating the resilience of phytoplankton to light fluctuations.