bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic, social and cultural concepts for building a healthy community among residents of a Japanese shopping street
Authors: Ohashi Yuki , Sugawara Sanae , Ozaki Akiko 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study aims to highlight the value of economics, social relations and culture in building a healthy community by interpreting qualitative data.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative descriptive approach was used between June 2016 and May 2017 and interviews were analysed inductively. Twenty residents of a shopping street in Tohoku, a rural town in north-eastern Japan, participated in this survey. This study focused on the residents’ value of economics, social relations and culture in building a healthy community.FindingsPeople acquired economic benefits in the hope of gaining irreplaceable relationships with customers and residents, including memorable stories and heart-to-heart satisfaction. The narratives reflected not only the ideal aspects of social relations but also realistic and complex aspects, such as feelings of being uncomfortable with strangers, whether they were long-term residents or newcomers. The daily life of the town is a story, which is built based on customs fostered and strengthened through capital bonds.Originality/valueTo build a healthy community, people residing on shopping streets have unique care systems in which multiple glass shop windows make it easier to tell narrative stories, communicate or request assistance, which is very different from knocking on doors in suburban neighbourhoods.
What common‐garden experiments tell us about climate responses in plants
Authors: Schwinning Susanne , Lortie Christopher J. , Esque Todd C. , DeFalco Lesley A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Common garden experiments are indoor or outdoor plantings of species or populations collected from multiple distinct geographic locations, grown together under shared conditions. These experiments examine a range of questions for theory and application using a variety of methods for analysis. The eight papers of this special feature comprise a cross section of contemporary approaches, summarized and synthesized here by what they tell us about the relationships between climate‐related trait spectra and fitness optima.

Four of the eight papers are based on field experiments in prairie, desert, Mediterranean and boreal biomes. Representative of many common garden experiments, these experiments reveal consistent evidence of traits varying with population climate provenance, but evidence of a tradeoff between growth and tolerance traits or of consistent fitness optimization at home is scant, in contrast to trait theory. Two synthesis papers highlight dominant patterns of trait divergence, including for an exotic invasive species. One theoretical paper warned that unknown kinship relationships between populations can result in the misidentification of adaptive trait divergence. A third synthesis paper formulated novel and ambitious goals for common‐garden studies through including measurement of response variables at multiple levels of biological organization.

The featured papers discuss multiple avenues for improving common garden studies. Genomic analysis, together with the quantification of kinship relationships, will continue to reveal the influence of environmental drivers on gene selection. Measuring a more complete set of fitness traits, especially for traits related to regeneration, will permit the development of projection models to explicitly link trait spectra, climate patterns and fitness consequences. More standardized data reporting will additionally improve abilities to synthesize findings across experiments. Testing population performance in competition with other species will produce more robust fitness comparisons between genotypes, especially for slower‐growing genotypes in higher‐resource environments. Adding gardens in and beyond climatic edge locations will furthermore strengthen the understanding of population failure and species exclusion. Finally, there is unrealized potential in adding ecosystem‐level observations to common‐garden studies that will enhance integrative analysis across scales of biological organization and scientific domains.

Synthesis. With novel, creative designs, data integration and synthesis, common garden experiments will continue to advance the understanding of trait ensembles interacting with climate across scales of biological organization, provide pivotal data for global change models and guide ecological applications such as restoration of habitats for rare and climate sensitive species.
Effets de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles sur la mobilisation des recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources naturelles dans l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)
Authors: Mourfou Aïchatou , Dialga Issaka , Ouedraogo Idrissa Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCet article analyse les effets de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles sur les recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources naturelles dans les pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) de 1996 à 2015 en utilisant les Effets Fixes Dynamiques (Dynamic Fixed Effects, DFE). Les résultats montrent que l'exploitation des ressources naturelles dissuade la mobilisation des recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources naturelles. La mauvaise qualité des institutions amplifie l'effet corrosif. Les résultats restent stables suivant les différents indicateurs de la qualité institutionnelle et les types de ressources naturelles. Ces résultats impliquent que les pays de l'UEMOA doivent améliorer la qualité des institutions de sorte à accroître leur capacité à gérer d'importants revenus provenant des ressources naturelles.
Effects of droughts on the delivery of infrastructure services in Kenya
Authors: Njogu Humphrey Waita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKenya is prone to severe droughts due to infrequent, unpredictable and irregular annual precipitation in many parts of the country. Of all 47 Kenyan counties, 23 are classified as arid and semi‐arid (ASAL), constituting approximately 88% of the country's land mass. Like in many developing countries, droughts in Kenya are well known to affect provision of food. They also have the potential to affect infrastructure services. Kenya has an infrastructure deficit, meaning that a large portion of the infrastructure has not been significantly developed, being exposed to major risks emanating from natural disasters. When droughts occur, infrastructure is exposed to further risks of structural damage and deterioration, leading to increased maintenance costs. In addition, users must travel longer distances and spend more time in order to have access to infrastructure services. This paper discusses how droughts affect users of infrastructure services. The survey is based on a primary study carried out in 1370 households across 27 counties of Kenya. It also relies on secondary data, including from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) for 2015/16, reflecting access to basic infrastructure services across the surveyed 27 counties. The research findings illustrate that droughts reduce access to infrastructure services such as energy, water provision, housing and communications, thus requiring climate‐sensitive policy interventions. The study concludes that building resilient infrastructure to respond to and mitigate the effects of drought is critical. It also emphasizes the importance of cooperation among different stakeholders in the country.
Dietary polyglycosylated anthocyanins, the smart option? A comprehensive review on their health benefits and technological applications
Authors: He Jingren , Ye Shuxin , Correia Patrícia , Fernandes Iva , Zhang Rui , Wu Muci , Freitas Victor , Mateus Nuno , Oliveira Hélder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the years, anthocyanins have emerged as one of the most enthralling groups of natural phenolic compounds and more than 700 distinct structures have already been identified, illustrating the exceptional variety spread in nature. The interest raised around anthocyanins goes way beyond their visually appealing colors and their acknowledged structural and biological properties have fueled intensive research toward their application in different contexts. However, the high susceptibility of monoglycosylated anthocyanins to degradation under certain external conditions might compromise their application. In that regard, polyglycosylated anthocyanins (PGA) might offer an alternative to overcome this issue, owing to their peculiar structure and consequent less predisposition to degradation. The most recent scientific and technological findings concerning PGA and their food sources are thoroughly described and discussed in this comprehensive review. Different issues, including their physical–chemical characteristics, consumption, bioavailability, and biological relevance in the context of different pathologies, are covered in detail, along with the most relevant prospective technological applications. Due to their complex structure and acyl groups, most of the PGA exhibit an overall higher stability than the monoglycosylated ones. Their versatility allows them to act in a wide range of pathologies, either by acting directly in molecular pathways or by modulating the disease environment attributing an added value to their food sources. Their recent usage for technological applications has also been particularly successful in different industry fields including food and smart packaging or in solar energy production systems. Altogether, this review aims to put into perspective the current state and future research on PGA and their food sources.
Functional divergence in the proteins encoded by ARO80 from S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae explain differences in the aroma production during wine fermentation
Authors: Tapia Sebastián M. , Pérez‐Torrado Roberto , Adam Ana Cristina , Macías Laura G. , Barrio Eladio , Querol Amparo 
Published: May 2022

SummaryPhenylethanol (PE) and phenylethyl acetate (PEA) are commonly desired compounds in wine because of their rose‐like aroma. The yeast S. cerevisiae produces the PE either through de novo biosynthesis by shikimate pathway followed by the Ehrlich pathway or the direct phenylalanine catabolism via Ehrlich pathway, and then converted into PEA. Previous work demonstrated that, compared to S. cerevisiae, other Saccharomyces species, such as S. kudriavzevii and S. uvarum, produce higher concentrations of PE and PEA from the precursor phenylalanine, which indicates differential activities of the biosynthetic‐involved enzymes. A previous in‐silico analysis suggested that the transcriptional activator Aro80p is one of the best candidates to explain these differences. An improved functional analysis identified significant radical amino acid changes in the S. uvarum and S. kudriavzevii Aro80p that could impact the expression of the catabolic genes ARO9 and ARO10, and hence, the production of PE from phenylalanine. Indeed, wine S. cerevisiae strains carrying the S. uvarum and S. kudriavzevii ARO80 alleles increased the production of both compounds in the presence of phenylalanine by increasing the expression of ARO9 and ARO10. This study provides novel insights of the unidentified Aro80p regulatory region and the potential usage of alternatives ARO80 alleles to enhance the PE and PEA concentration in wine.
Case study: School‐based care for a girl and her primary caregiver experiencing difficulties in managing diabetes treatment
Authors: Nombela‐Franco Ana , Oter‐Quintana Cristina , Robledo‐Martín Juana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the use of the nursing process and standardized nursing language by the school nurse to facilitate the monitoring of the therapeutic regimen of a girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus and her caregiver.MethodsData were collected through clinical reports, observation, and physical examination of the girl and through interviews with her and her caregiver in accordance with Virginia Henderson's conceptual model.FindingsClinical reasoning informed the selection of NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses. NIC nursing interventions were selected taking into consideration the available scientific evidence related to the care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe school nurse is a key figure in improving and supporting the monitoring of the prescribed therapeutic regimen for children with chronic disease.Implications for nursing practiceThis case demonstrates the importance of adopting a conceptual model to guide the nursing process, as well as showing that standardized nursing languages are suitable for school nursing practice.
Chaperone‐mediated autophagy degrades Keap1 and promotes Nrf2‐mediated antioxidative response
Authors: Zhu Lin , He Shulei , Huang Lu , Ren Dongni , Nie Tiejian , Tao Kai , Xia Li , Lu Fangfang , Mao Zixu , Yang Qian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccumulation of oxidative stress is highly intertwined with aging process and contributes to aging‐related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Deciphering the molecular machinery that regulates oxidative stress is fundamental to further uncovering the pathogenesis of these diseases. Chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA), a highly selective lysosome‐dependent degradation process, has been proven to be an important maintainer of cellular homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, one of which is the attenuation of oxidative stress. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this antioxidative action of CMA are not fully understood. In this study, we found that CMA directly degrades Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1), an adaptor of E3 ligase complex that promotes the degradation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a master transcriptional regulator in antioxidative response. Activated CMA induced by prolonged oxidative stress led to an increase in Nrf2 level by effectively degrading Keap1, contributing to Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of multiple downstream antioxidative genes. Meanwhile, together with previous study showing that Nrf2 can also transcriptionally regulate LAMP2A, the rate‐limiting factor of CMA process, we reveal a feed‐forward loop between CMA and Nrf2. Our study identifies CMA as a previously unrecognized regulator of Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway and reinforces the antioxidative role of CMA.
Hyperkeratotic flexural erythema/granular parakeratosis responding to doxycycline
Authors: Herat Asoka , Gonzalez Matheus Gabriela , Kumarasinghe Sujit Prasad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHyperkeratotic flexural erythema (HKFE), also termed granular parakeratosis (GP), is a rare skin condition thought to be linked to a skin barrier dysfunction process, however the exact cause of this is yet to be determined. Management options are varied, with no consensus on treatment. Several previous reports have recorded successful treatment with amoxycillin‐clavulanic acid combination. We propose the use of oral doxycycline in addition to topical coconut oil compound as a treatment option in therapy resistant HKFE.
Antenatal and neonatal factors and morphology of the optic nerve head in the Northern Finland birth cohort
Authors: Pitkänen Joel , Leiviskä Ilmari , Liinamaa Johanna , Saarela Ville 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeThe optic nerve head (ONH) is a part of the brain that can be evaluated through the transparent medium of the eye. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible correlations among the properties of the optic nerve head, maternal factors during pregnancy and neonatal parameters in a randomized sample of a birth cohort.MethodsThe Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort has been prospectively monitored since their antenatal period. Data on pregnancy and neonatal period were collected during gestation and right after birth in 1966. A randomized sample of 3070 subjects underwent an ophthalmic assessment at the age of 46–48 years. The examination protocol included scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. The ophthalmological parameters assessed were the disc area and the neuroretinal rim volume of the ONH.ResultsWe found that chronic pulmonary disease of the mother (p = 0.007), the number of gestational weeks (p = 0.030) and the mother's highest measured systolic blood pressure (p = 0.035) during pregnancy had a statistically significant effect on the disc area. Smaller disc size was associated with pulmonary disease and early gestation. There was a significant difference in rim volume between genders (p < 0.001). Women had larger neuroretinal rim volumes compared to men.ConclusionIn this population‐based study, the vast majority of antenatal and neonatal factors showed no correlation with optic disc area or rim volume. Furthermore, even the factors with statistically significant correlation with ONH morphology had limited predictive value.
Psychometric properties of the shortened and rescaled versions of the Job Security Index and Job Security Satisfaction scale
Authors: Bazzoli Andrea , Probst Tahira M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe psychometric properties of two shortened and rescaled versions of widely used measures of job insecurity were evaluated. Using survey data from 292 US working adults and relying on classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory analyses, results indicated that these new versions had high reliability and similar psychometric properties compared with the original versions. Empirical evidence further established favorable convergent and discriminant validity, based on the revised scales' relationships with relevant covariates. The revised versions also showed substantially improved precision of measurement over a broader range of cognitive and affective job insecurity levels (i.e. they provide greater information for a wider range of participants experiencing varying levels of insecurity). These results indicate the briefer rescaled versions should be preferred over the original scales.
Paracetamol dosing in hospital and on discharge for older people who are frail or have low body weight
Authors: Reid Olivia , Ngo Janet , Lalic Samanta , Su Elizabeth , Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: May 2022

AimsTo describe paracetamol dosing and liver function test (LFT) monitoring in older hospital inpatients who are frail or have low body weight.MethodsRetrospective observational study, at a 790‐bed metropolitan public health service in Australia. Patients aged ≥70 years, with body weight <50 kg or frailty index based on laboratory data (FI‐Lab) score ≥0.3, who were administered paracetamol during an admission with length‐of‐stay >72 hours, were included. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Paracetamol doses administered in hospital, and doses prescribed on discharge, were compared against consensus guidelines that recommended ≤60 mg/kg/d for older people weighing <50 kg, and ≤3000 mg/d for frail older people.ResultsIn total, 240 admissions (n = 229 patients, mean age 84.7 years) were analysed. During 150 (62.5%) admissions, higher than recommended paracetamol doses were prescribed. On 138 (57.5%) occasions, patients were prescribed paracetamol on discharge, and 112/138 (81.2%) doses were higher than recommended. Most discharge prescriptions (97/138, 70.3%) were for regular administration. The median daily dose on discharge for patients <50 kg was 83.7 mg/kg (interquartile range 73.6–90.9 mg/kg). For frail patients ≥50 kg, the median daily discharge dose was 3990 mg (interquartile range 3000–4000 mg). LFTs were measured in hospital for 151/200 (75.5%) and 93/166 (56.0%) patients who received paracetamol for >48 hours and >5 days, respectively.ConclusionMajority of paracetamol doses prescribed for frail or low‐weight older patients in hospital and on discharge were higher than recommended in consensus guidelines. LFTs were not measured for 44% patients who received paracetamol regularly for >5 days. Further studies are needed to explore long‐term outcomes of this practice.
The importance of the urologist in male oncology fertility preservation
Authors: Micol Lionel A. , Adenubi Funmi , Williamson Elizabeth , Lane Sheila , Mitchell Rod T. , Sangster Philippa 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo demonstrate that surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) and spermatogonial stem cell retrieval (SSCR) in an oncological context are safe and successful.Patients and MethodsThis a retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in the UK. Patients requiring fertility preservation from December 2017 to January 2020 were included. Data were analysed with Microsoft Excel 2016 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20).ResultsAmong 1264 patients referred to the Reproductive Medical Unit at the University College of London Hospitals for cryopreservation prior to gonadotoxic treatment, 39 chose to go forward with SSR/SSCR because they presented as azoo‐/cryptozoospermic or an inability to masturbate/ejaculate. Interventions were testicular sperm extraction (23 patients) or aspiration (one), electroejaculation (one), and testicular wedge biopsy for SSCR (14). The median (range) age was 15.0 (10–65) years and the median testosterone level was 4.4 nmoL/L. Primary diagnoses were sarcoma in 11 patients, leukaemia in nine, lymphoma in eight, testicular tumour in five, other oncological haematological entities in two, other solid cancers in two, while two patients had non‐oncological haematological diseases. SSR/SSCR could be offered within 7.5 days on average. Chemotherapy could follow within 2 days from SSR/SSCR, and bone marrow transplant occurred within 19.5 days (all expressed as medians). The success rate for SSR was 68.0% (at least one vial/straw collected). The mean (SD) Johnsen score of testicular biopsies was 5.23 (2.25) with a trend towards positive correlation with SSR success (P = 0.07). However, age, hormonal profile and type of cancer did not predict SSR outcome.ConclusionWe show that SSR and SSCR in an oncological context are valid treatment options with a high success rate for patients in which sperm cryopreservation from semen is impossible. By providing an effective pathway, fertility preservation is possible with minimal delay to oncological treatment.
Accident responsibility identification model for Internet of Vehicles based on lightweight blockchain
Authors: Yao Qing , Li Taotao , Yan Chao , Deng Zhihong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology has brought a new experience to people's daily travel. However, if a traffic accident involving autonomous vehicles occurs, it will face difficulties in vehicle accident forensic‐preservation, leakage of vehicle owner's privacy, and identifying legal liabilities. This article proposes an accident responsibility identification model for the Internet of Vehicles based on lightweight blockchain to solve the above problems. This model uses Car Forensics Master to collect evidence from the accident vehicle, and at the same time collects evidence from maintenance service providers, automobile manufacturers, transportation management departments, insurance companies, and other vehicle accident related parties and stores them in the preservation chain. We also use VPKI to protect the autonomous vehicle identity privacy. In order to improve the efficiency of the model and set up authorized access to related entities, the identification of accident liability is jointly completed by the preservation chain and the accident identification chain. In addition, we prove that the protocol proposed in the model has ideal security properties. Finally, we implement the smart contracts in the model through the Solidity language, and evaluate its performance.