bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheelite U-Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry fingerprint W mineralization in the giant Zhuxi W deposit, South China
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhai Degao , Hong Jingxin , Mathur Ryan , Wang Huan , Zhang Han , Ouyang Yongpeng , Liu Jiajun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Skarn-type tungsten deposits are widely distributed all over the world and contribute more than 70% of the world’s W supply. The temporal relation between the W mineralization and causative intrusions and the evolution of ore-forming fluids are matters of ongoing debate. In this study, we combine in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element compositions of scheelite from Zhuxi, the world’s largest W deposit, and compare them with literature data to address the above issues. Three primary ore stages exist at Zhuxi: prograde skarn, retrograde skarn, and quartz-sulfide stages. Most scheelite occurs in the retrograde skarn stage and is further subdivided into three generations: Sch A, B, and C.
The obtained LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages for three scheelite generations in the Zhuxi deposit are 154.0 ± 2.8, 150.3 ± 3.5, and 150.4 ± 6.3 Ma, respectively, indicating that the entire W mineralization is closely related to the emplacement of the nearby Late Jurassic granites (~154 to 150 Ma, zircon U-Pb ages). In situ LA-ICP-MS trace element results demonstrate that Sch A shows the highest Mo content (mean = 1002 ppm), where those for Sch B and Sch C are 109 and 45 ppm, respectively. These, combined with the gradually increasing trend of Ce contents and δCe values, indicate a shift from oxidizing to reducing conditions for the ore-forming fluid. All three scheelite generations yield significant positive δEu anomalies, which are considered to be unrelated to the redox state, but caused by the addition of Eu (e.g., feldspar dissolution). The high-Y/Ho ratio of scheelite and a good correlation between Y/Ho ratio and δEu (R2 = 0.96) suggest that intense fluid-rock interactions between ore fluids and the Shuangqiaoshan Group metasedimentary rocks as well as earlier-formed skarns drove fluid evolution. This study demonstrates that scheelite U-Pb geochronology is a useful technique when identifying the temporal link between hydrothermal W mineralization and the causative intrusion. Our results also highlight that the reactions of the ore fluids with wall rocks and earlier-formed skarns significantly modify the primary fluid compositions.
Grain-scale zircon Hf isotope heterogeneity inherited from sediment-metasomatized mantle: Geochemical and Nd-Hf-Pb-O isotopic constraints on Early Cretaceous intrusions in central Lhasa Terrane, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Ming-Jian , Zeng Yun-Chuan , Tiepolo Massimo , Farina Federico , Xu Ji-Feng , Huang Feng , Liu Xi-Jun , Chen Qin , Ma Yuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClarifying the mechanism of recycling of pre-existing continental crustal materials into the source of mantle-derived magma is a challenging effort that can be of great value to improving our understanding of mantle processes and continental crust growth. This study presents an integrated investigation of whole-rock and mineral geochemical and Nd-Hf-O-Pb isotopic data for dolerites and diorites intruded in the central Lhasa Terrane of Tibetan Plateau at ca. 120 Ma (zircon U-Pb ages). These intrusions have similar distributions of trace elements that are characterized by depletion in Nb-Ta relative to Th, Ba, and U, and moderately negative whole-rock εNd(t) (–5.0 to –1.7) values. Magmatic zircon shows dramatically variable εHf(t) values (from –5.0 to +13.7 in the same rock, including up to 12 epsilon unit variability in single grains). On the other hand, the zircon δ18O values are relatively uniform (+6.0‰ to +7.7‰). The constant 208Pb/206Pb values of clinopyroxene crystallized at ca. 500–900 MPa suggest no contamination with lower continental crust. The lack of covariation between Hf and O isotopes from the same grains, and the lack of relationship between Hf isotopes and trace elements (e.g., Hf, Th/U, and Yb/Gd) in the magmatic zircons, together with the absence of ancient zircon xenocrysts, imply limited upper crustal contamination. In combination with high-whole-rock Th/La (&gt;0.29) ratios, we interpret the zircon Hf isotope heterogeneity as inherited from a depleted asthenospheric mantle with the addition of 1–4% Hf from isotopically heterogeneous sediments. Our study therefore emphasizes the need for caution when using complex Hf isotopic zonation in zircon as an argument for intracrustal hybridization of two end-member magmas derived from distinct reservoirs. In addition, the high-Zr/Y ratios and no negative Zr-Hf anomalies of the Aruo intrusions imply a high surface temperature of the down going slab that was able to fully dissolve zircons in the subducted sediments. This requires a special geodynamic condition that was most likely related to the steepening of flatly subducted Neo-Tethyan lithosphere at ca. 120 Ma according to a synthesis of regional tectonic-magmatic-sedimentary records.
Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants from the province of Cuanza Norte (Angola)
Authors: Canga Isabel Lombo Vemba , Vita Pedro , De Oliveira Ana Isabel de Freitas Tavares , De Pinho Cláudia Marta Libreiro , González María Ángeles Castro 
Published: October 2022

Studies on African medicinal plants have been limited to some geographically areas, and even though more than 5400 medicinal plants are recognized and documented, other valuable medicinal plant species have not been studied. Ethnopharmacological studies are important for documenting traditional knowledge associated with the medical use of biodiversity. This study aims to document the use of medicinal plants from the Province of Cuanza Norte (Angola). The field work was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019 and the ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Informants were selected in accordance with their residence and community recognition as healers. Recorded plants are listed along with their popular name, traditional use, part used, and method of preparation. A total of 131 species of medicinal plants were cited. Mukumbi (Lannea welwitschii), Santa Maria (Chenopodium ambrosioides) and Ditumbata (Boerhavia difusa) were the most cited species. Out of the total plant parts, leaves were the most frequently material used. Regarding the mode of preparation for the medicinal materials, the major form of preparation is maceration, followed by infusion and decoction. The main categories of use were infectious and parasitic diseases (e.g., Malaria); undefined pains and illness; diseases of the digestive system; and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (e.g., Diabetes). This study revealed the importance of preserving the ethnobotanical knowledge in order to protect the biodiversity and to discover new therapeutic molecules. A comparison of the results with other studies showed that some of the traditional indications are supported by data from scientific literature.
Optimizing future mortality rate prediction of extreme temperature-related cardiovascular disease based on skewed distribution in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Esa Aina Izzati Mohd , Halim Syafrina Abdul , Ali Norhaslinda , Chung Jing Xiang , Mohd Mohd Syazwan Faisal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The bias correction method (BCM) is useful in reducing the statistically downscaled biases of global climate models’ (GCM) outputs and preserving statistical moments of the hydrological series. However, BCM is less efficient under changed future conditions due to the stationary assumption and performs poorly in removing bias at extremes, thereby producing unreliable bias-corrected data. Thus, the existing BCM with normal distribution is improved by incorporating skewed distributions into the model with linear covariate (BCM-QMskewed). In this study, BCM-QMskewed is developed to reduce biases in the extreme temperature data of peninsular Malaysia. The input is the MIROC5 model output gridded data and observations sourced by the Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (1976–2005). BCM-QMskewed with lognormal (LGNORM) and Gumbel (GUM) has shown considerable skill in correcting biases, capturing extreme and nonstationarity of current and future extreme temperatures data series corresponding to the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for 2006–2100 based on model diagnostics and precision analysis. Higher projection of extreme temperatures is more pronounced under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 with precise estimates ranging from 33 to 42 °C and 30 to 32 °C, respectively. Finally, the projection of extreme temperatures is used to calculate cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate which coincides with high extreme temperatures ranging between 0.002 and 0.014.
Numerical analysis of propagation characteristics of sediment peak and its implications for the Xiluodu Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Bangwen , Deng Anjun , Dong Xianyong , Wang Dangwei , Lu Qin , Qin LeiLei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reservoir construction alters the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow and sediment regimes, resulting in the enhancement of the hysteresis effect between the flood and sediment peaks. In this study, a 3D numerical model was adopted to investigate the propagation characteristics of sediment peak and the management method of reservoir sediment release. The results indicate that the incoming flow rate and the storage water level have a great influence on the propagation time of the sediment peak, and the incoming flow rate has a large influence on the attenuation rate of the sediment peak while the storage water level and the incoming suspended sediment concentration have a small effect on the attenuation rate of the sediment peak. An empirical formula based on inflow rate, water level elevation, water depth and length and storage capacity of reservoirs was established to predict the lag time between the flood and sediment peaks. The asynchronous movement between the incoming flood and sediment peaks has a clear influence on the propagation characteristics of the sediment peak. The hysteresis effect of the flood and sediment peaks can be fully utilized by reservoir managers to reduce reservoir sedimentation and improve sedimentation distribution.
Lessons Learnt and the Way Forward for Drug Development Against
Isocitrate Lyase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Antil Monika , Gupta Vibha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Isocitrate lyase (ICL), an enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt pathway, is essential for the
virulence and persistence of dreaded Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in its host. This pathway,
along with the methylcitrate cycle, facilitates the utilization of fatty acids as a carbon source inside
hostile host environments such as in granulomas, and hence enzymes of this pathway are novel
antitubercular targets. The genome sequence of pathogenic Mtb H37Rv presents three ICLs annotated
as Rv0467 (prokaryotic homologue), Rv1915 and Rv1916. The latter two, Rv1915 and Rv1916,
together constitute the longer version of ICL2, a eukaryotic counterpart. Despite being a well-known
drug target, no Mtb ICL inhibitor has reached clinical trials due to challenges associated with targeting
all the 3 orthologs. This gap is the result of uncharacterized Rv1915 and Rv1916. This review aims to
appreciate chronologically the key studies that have built our comprehension of Mtb ICLs. Recently
characterized Mtb Rv1915 and Rv1916, which further open venues for developing effective inhibitors
against the persistent and drug-resistant Mtb, are discussed separately.
Cinnamaldehyde for the Treatment of Microbial Infections: Evidence Obtained from Experimental Models
Authors: Silva e Silva Figueiredo Cristiane Santos , de Oliveira Patrícia Vieira , dos Reis Ferreira Larissa , de Sousa Thallysson José Dourado , de Santana do Nascimento Mayara , dos Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves , Zagmignan Adrielle , de Holanda Rodrigo Assunção , de Carvalho Galvão Lívia Câmara , da Silva Luís Cláudio Nascimento 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) is a cyclic terpene alcohol found as the major compound of essential oils from some plants of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae). CNM has several reported pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antivirulence, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. These properties make CNM an attractive lead molecule for the development of anti-infective agents. In this descriptive review, we discuss the application of CNM in experimental models of microbial infection using invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. CNM (pure or in formulations) has been successfully applied in the treatment of infections caused by a range of bacterial (such as Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Vibrio cholerae) and fungal (such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) pathogens. All these experimental evidence-based findings have promoted the use of cinnamaldehyde as the leading molecule for developing new anti- infective drugs.
Research Progress in Competitive Purine Antagonists
Authors: Ying Dan-Xia , Zhao Peng-Cheng , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Purine, one of the nucleotides, is an important substance for the metabolism
and regulation of the body. Purine plays a key role not only in the composition of coenzymes
but also in the supply of energy. Since purine was artificially synthesized, it has always
been an important scaffold for respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and anti-
tumor and anti-viral drugs. In addition to being widely used as competitive antagonists
in the treatment of diseases, purines can be used in combination with other drugs and as
precursors to benefit human life. Unfortunately, few new discoveries have been made in
recent years. In this article, purine drugs in the market have been classified according to
their different targets. In addition, their mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship
have also been introduced. This paper provides details of the signaling pathways
through which purine drugs can bind to the respective receptors on the surface of cells
and cause consequent reactions within the cell, which finally affect the targeted diseases.
The various receptors and biological reactions involved in the signaling for respective disease
targets within the cells are discussed in detail.
Emerging Therapeutic Advances for the Development of Second Generation Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: White Andrew D. , Bocan Thomas M.A. , Boxer Peter A. , Peterson J. Thomas , Schrier Denis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of at least 14 zinc-dependent enzymes which catabolize the ECM, appear to play a critical role in this process. Initial work, focussed on the synthesis of peptide hydroxamates, which were broad spectrum MMP inhibitors for the treatment of arthritis and cancer. The current generation of MMP inhibitors address bioavailability and selectivity, and the therapeutic potential has expanded. This review covers the evidence for the pathological role of MMP's and TIMP's across several therapeutic areas including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, heart failure and wound healing, and the development of selective MMP inhibitors.
Inhibition of Virulence Factors in Bacteria
Authors: Goldschmidt R.M. , Macielag M.J. , Hlasta D.J. , Barrett J.F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance is seriously undermining the present alternatives for therapeutic intervention against human infectious disease. The incidence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria causing the most prevalent nosocomial and community acquired infections is extending to often affect the drugs of choice for their treatment. Since most of the newly introduced drugs are modifications of antimicrobials in use, their usefulness is sometimes limited by the emergence of resistance. Therefore, it becomes important to search and develop new targets for antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial virulence factors offer an attractive opportu­ nity for therapeutic intervention against infectious diseases. The success of modern vac­
cines against serious bacterial diseases demonstrates that neutralization of virulence factors is successful in controlling and terminating infections. Furthermore, an increasing number of genetic studies with a variety of pathogenic bacteria in animal models of infection show that alterations that result in failure to express virulence factors prevent bacteria to survive within the host. Thus, the outlook for the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches that may target expression of virulence factors in bacteria appears quite favorable. Many antimicrobials as well as other drugs show diverse inhibitory effects on the expression of virulence factors in vitro, and sometimes even in vivo. Although these studies fail to characterize in any detailed manner the nature of the effects, they indicate that small molecules may be used to inhibit virulence factors. The recent discovery of inhibitors of global regulatory systems whose components' structure are highly conserved among bacteria of different species and which control the expression of virulence factors, has kindled interest in these mechanisms as potential pharmaceutical targets. Furthermore, the existence of common structural motifs among components of bacterial protein export and secretion systems used for virulence factors should also make these systems attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease:
A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence
Authors: Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Poornima D.E. , Kang Sohi , Kim Joong-Sun , Moon Changjong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Despite being classified as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized
by a wide range of non-motor symptoms that significantly affect the patients' quality of life. However,
clear evidence-based therapy recommendations for non-motor symptoms of PD are uncommon. Animal
models of PD have previously been shown to be useful for advancing the knowledge and treatment
of motor symptoms. However, these models may provide insight into and assess therapies for
non-motor symptoms in PD. This paper highlights non-motor symptoms in preclinical models of PD
and the current position regarding preclinical therapeutic approaches for these non-motor symptoms.
This information may be relevant for designing future preclinical investigations of therapies for nonmotor
symptoms in PD.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Diamino Derivatives of bis-1,2,4-oxadiazole
via Tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig Reaction
Authors: Xie Hai , Hu Qing-Qing , Zhang Ya-Li , Qin Xiu-Ting , Li Lu 
Published: October 2022

:
Two efficient, scalable routes to bis-1,2,4-oxadiazole have been developed by tandem
Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction from the same starting material diaziglyoxime, isocyanates and triphenylphosphonium
in good yields.

Background:
Two convenient and efficient routes for the synthesis of diamino derivatives of bis-1,2,4-oxadiazoles were described.

Objective:
This study provides a simple protocol for the synthesis of bis-1,2,4-oxadiazoles.

Methods:
The two procedures were based on tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction from the same starting material diaziglyoxime, isocyanates and triphenylphosphorus.

Results:
In synthesis method I, diaziglyoxime 1 was treated with various aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates
to give diazioxalimides 2 a high yield. Diazioxalimides 2 reacted with Ph3P to produce the
iminophosphoranes 4; the reaction was directly heated from room temperature to 115 ℃ to get the
desired diamino derivatives of bis-1,2,4-oxadiazole 4 in 72-92% yields. In synthesis method II, the
same target compounds 4 were synthesized in a one-pot reaction by Ph3P and aromatic or aliphatic
isocyanates in toluene for 10 h under 115 ℃ in 53-71% yields.

Conclusion:
The two procedures provide proficient methods of making nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings. The structures of target compounds 4 were identified by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HRMS.
Narrative Review: Edible Plants as a Source of Valuable Flavonoids and
Their Role as Neuroprotector Agents
Authors: Gutiérrez Rosa Martha Pérez , Gómez Julio Téllez 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Neurodegenerative disorder is a consequence of the gradual and progressive deterioration of the function and structure of the peripheral nervous system or central nervous system or both. Currently does not exist an effective treatment for this neurodegenerative disease, thus flavonoids abundant in fruits and vegetables have attracted attention as potential neuroprotective agents.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to discuss the existing scientiﬁc literature data regarding flavonoids, from edible plants and their potential as neuroprotective agents, to provide constituent compound and pharmacological relevance in the prevention or treatment of age-related deficits in learning, memory, and Alzheimer’s disorder.

Methods:
Exhaustive bibliographic investigation on phytochemistry and pharmacology associated with flavonoids from edible plants was performed using scientific databases like Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ChemSpider. “Cognitive deficits”, “age-related cognitive”, “Alzheimer disease” “flavonoids” and “phenolic compounds” utilized as keywords in the search in the databases. Published articles from 1992 to 2022 were collected and studied.

Results:
The finding indicated that flavonoids contained in edible plants can exert powerful effects on cognition and consequently can reverse the age-related deficit in learning and memory and retard the development of Alzheimer’s disorder due to their capacity to interact with the molecular architecture of the brain responsible of the memory. Mechanisms of actions were analyzed including the effect on neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, signaling pathways, Aβ peptides, and hippocampus among others.

Conclusion:
This manuscript can be used as scientific support for the development of alternative drugs, food supplements, and nutraceuticals, to prevent, maintain and enhance the neurophysiological status.