bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Mountain Leafhopper on Cherry, 1987
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Fouche C. F. , Havens D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on 6-yr-old 'Bing' cherry trees in a commercial orchard lear Lodi, Calif. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a single tree, and there was one buffer tree in each direction. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi and delivering 400 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 9 Sep. Control was evaluated by caging 20 laboratory-cultured adult mountain leafhoppers on the foliage for 12 h (7:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M.) at 2½, 7½, 14½, 21½, and 28½ days after treatment.
Peach, Insecticide Evaluation, 1987
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry , Annan Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to an 18-tree plot (6 rows × 3 trees) with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 3.86 km/h and delivered 935 liters/ha. Dates of application were 22 Apr (petal fall [PF]), 6 May (shuck split [SS]), 15 May (shuck fall [SF]), 29 May (first cover [IC]), 11 Jun (second cover [2C]), 25 Jun (third cover [3C]), 8 Jul (fourth cover [4C]), and 23 Jul (fifth cover [5C]). Sevin 50W was applied to all chemical treatment plots on 6 Aug. Fungicides consisting of Captan or sulfur (1 Asana treatment) + Benlate (last 2 applications) were applied separately to all treatments on the same dates as insecticides. Data were taken from 4 replications in the center of each plot. Treatment effect on ERM and TSSM was determined by sampling 25 leaves from the center of each tree on 3 Aug, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting active stages with a binocular microscope. Control of OFM was evaluated on 4 Aug by counting the damaged terminals/tree. Treatment effectiveness on catfacing insects was determined by examining 400 peaches (100/replication) for injury on 19 Aug.
Apple, Thuringiensin Evaluation, 1987
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry , Annan Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 4 single-tree replications of 33-yr-old trees in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 3.86 km/h and delivered 935 liters/ha. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Bayleton, Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Lannate, Manzate 200, Polyram, Sevin, and Streptomycin. European red mite control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting active stages with a binocular microscope
Prunus, Peachtree Borer Control, Wayne County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prunus cistina growing in 2-gal containers and infested with Synanthedon exitiosa were planted in a research plot at the Ohio State University Agricultural Research and Development Center in early June, prior to moth emergence. These plants were used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides for reducing establishment of peachtree borer larvae. A COz compression sprayer with a Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 16 psi was used to spray four 4-plant replicates/treatment arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied 14 Jun under sunny skies at 18�C with a breeze of 8-16 km/h. Each plant received 70 ml of finished spray on its lower trunk and limbs. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 6 Sep by examining the base of each plant for exudate and frass.
Blueberry, Flea Beetle Larval Control, 1987
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. , Collins J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied on 28 May to 23- × 23-ft plots in a crop year lowbush blueberry held at Gray, Maine. There were 3 replications in a randomized complete block design with 10-ft untreated buffer strips around each plot. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gal/acre with a C02-propelled, 30-inch boom sprayer at 35 psi with 4 flat-spray 800067 teejet nozzles. Plants showed 50-60% fruit set � t treatment. On dates indicated, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep net were taken from the center of each plot; the larvae were counted and then i eleased over the same plot. The weather during this test was warm. Of special note were 94�F maximum temperatures recorded 2 and 3 days after the spray on 28 May.
Blueberry, Cranberry Fruitworm Insecticide Test, 1987
Authors: Howitt A. , Biddinger D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment vas used. Each block consisted of a 50-ft section of row with approximately 12 bushes and each replicate had at least 1 buffer row between it and the next reatment. Insecticides were applied dilute with handgun at 400 gal/acre with the timing based on adult catch with a new experimental pheromone. Application lates were 2, 12, and 25 Jun. Evaluations on 7 Jul consisted of examining 100 randomly sampled berries/block for a total of 400 berries/treatment.
Control of Latania Scale on Kiwifruit, 1987
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Hasey J. K. , Fouche C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on 7-yr-old ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit in a commercial vineyard near Marysville, Calif. Eight treatments were replicated 6 times using a completely random design. Each replicate consisted of an individual vine. Vines were examined for scale populations before treatments, and only those having high populations were included in the trial. Materials were applied to run-off (400 gal/acre) with a C02-charged backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi. Applications were made on 2 Mar during the delayed dormant period. Control was evaluated by applying double-backed sticky tape around each of the 2 cordons per vine on 16 and 30 Apr, 1 Jun, 1 Jul, 3 Aug, 1 Sep, and 1 Oct. The tapes were removed 7 days later and all scale crawlers were counted. On 15 Oct, 50 fruit/replicate were inspected for the presence of scale.
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Florida, 1987
Authors: Childers C. C. , Keen P. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 5 times on 3 × 3 (= 9 tree) plots in a randomized block design in both tests. The center tree only was sampled in each plot. Two unsprayed buffer trees separated plots within and between rows. Sprays were applied in 125 gal of water per acre with an FMC 4000 CP sprayer at 160 psi driven at 1.5 mph on 27-29 Apr (test 1) and 30 April (test 2). Water pH was 7.7 (test 1) and 7.8 (test 2). Twenty leaves or fruit were examined around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on the upper and lower leaf surfaces or on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The 2 leaf or fruit counts were combined and recorded as one observation. Cumulative mite day totals were calculated (Allen, 1976. Environ. Entomol. 5: 1083-88).
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Florida, 1986
Authors: Childers C. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 6 times on 3 × 3 (= 9 tree) plots in a randomized complete block design in test 1. The center tree only was sampled. In test 2, single tree plots replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Unsprayed buffer trees separated treatments within and between rows in both tests. Treatments were applied dilute using a handgun at 350 psi from a truck-mounted sprayer on 24-26 Jun (test 1) and on 16-17 Jun (test 2). Ca. 750 gal/acre were applied in test 1 and ca. 232 gal/acre in test 2. Water pH was 7.9 in both tests. Twenty fruit were examined around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The 2 counts per fruit were combined and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Pesticide Efficacy Tests, 1987
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. A. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to plots of approximately 7 acres each. Two halfacre plots were left untreated. One plot treated following the growers standard practices was also observed. Treatments were applied with an FMC 757 airblast sprayer on 16-17 Jul. The aerial plot was sprayed by a Hiller UH-12E helicopter with Simplex spray systems equipment on 21 Jul. Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 4 randomly selected trees in each of 4 subplots for a total of 16 trees per treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Worm Control in Fall Snap Beans, 1987
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Spurt’ snap beans were seeded into a Sassafras sandy loam field on 3 Aug. Plots consisted of a single row 25-ft long and 30-in wide replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one centered over the row calibrated to deliver 52 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied 2 and 11 Sep. All plots were harvested and yields (plot weights) were recorded on 21 Sep and 100 bean pods per plot were randomly selected and examined for European corn borer holes and corn earworm damage.
Control of Slugs in No-Till Beans, 1986
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Specker Donald R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No-till bean plots were located at Cornell Vegetable Farm, Freeville, NY. The field was prepared by mowing of the rye cover crop and spraying over with 1.5 lb (AI)/acre of glyphosate on 16 Jun. Seeds were drilled in with an Allis Chalmers No-till 33 Planter at 90 lb of seeds/acre on 36 inch rows. Fertilizer (13-13-13) was applied at 100 lb/acre at time of planting on 23 Jun. Preemergent herbicides, chloramben and metolachlor at 2.5 lb (AI)/acre and 1.5 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied the next day. The molluscicide treatments were replicated 6 times with each plot consisting of six 20-ft long rows, the outer two rows were untreated buffers. In each plot 3 holes, 4 inches in diam × 6 inches deep, diagonally and evenly spaced, were excavated between rows with a golf-hole digger. Each hole was covered with a 1-ft-square asphalt shingle wrapped with aluminum foil. The reflective surface kept the hole cool and moist and provided an ideal refuge for slugs and served as an efficient sampling method. On 21 Jul field-collected slugs were introduced at 5 slugs per hole because of low numbers of slugs in the plots. Baits were applied on 23 Jul after the slug populations had stabilized and beans were at the 8- to 10-leaf stage. Mesurol® bait was prepared by coating cracked corn with the wettable powder using soft drink as a sticking agent and applied at 20 lb bait/acre. All baits were applied by hand broadcasting evenly over the bean rows. Deadline® was a new meal formulation of metaldehyde. Slug counts were taken by inspecting the refuge holes for live slugs at 1 day pretreatment and at 2, 5, 7, and 14 days posttreatment.
Control of Green Peach and Cabbage Aphids on Cabbage, 1987
Authors: Butler M. D. , Hannon T. A. , Howell D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 17 Dec at the University of Arizona Yuma Valley Agricultural Center onto 40-inch beds with a 10-inch spacing between plants. Plot size was 4 beds by 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made on 23 Mar using a C02 backpack sprayer equipped with a 2-nozzle boom with Teejet D2-23 nozzles at 40 psi and at a rate of 10 gal/acre. Efficacy was determined by examining 10 leaf samples per plot from the outer rosette of leaves surrounding the head. Samples were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being few to no aphids and 5 representing a heavy infestation. Both green peach aphids and cabbage aphids were present with no differentiation made between the two. Evaluations were made on 24, 26, and 27 Mar and 1 Apr.
Comparative Efficacy of Several Pyrethroids and Dosages Against Cabbageworm and Cabbage Looper, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was located in a commercial transplanted cabbage field near Belle Plaine, Minn. Plots were 2 rows, 25 ft long arranged in a randomized complete jlock design, and replicated 3 times. Insecticide applications were made on 26 Jul with a hand-held COa sprayer using 40 psi pressure and 17 gal total material/acre. Temperature at application was 90°F. Numbers of living and dead larvae were counted on 5 plants 24 h posttreatment. Larval counts were oonverted to % control, transformed using ARCSINE, and means were compared.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1987
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated 24 Jul at our research farm near Geneva, N.Y., in a Lima silt loam soil Seeds (planted at 10/ft) and treatments were applied using hand pushed cone seeders. Germination counts were made 13 Aug. Plots consisted of a singlt row, 20 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 36-inch row width. Overfurrow application,'- were applied at 50 gal/acre to the soil surface after planting using a COa powered sprayer. Injury ratings were made 20 Oct by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Cabbage Maggot Control Using Entomophagous Nematodes, 1987
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was transplanted and treated 5 Aug by hand at our research farm near Geneva, N.Y., in a Lima silt loam soil. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 36-inch row width. Nematode treatments consisted of both fresh and dessicated nematodes. Nematodes were counted using standard dilution techniques. Drench applications were applied at 65 gal/acre to the soil surface after planting using a CO2 powered sprayer. Transplant applications were applied at 613 gal/acre (200 ml/plant). Injury ratings were made 20 Oct by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Effect of Carzol on Fruit Set, Leafhopper Nymphs and Mites, 1989
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 10-yr-old orchard with overtree irrigation. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with subsampling. There were 4 treatments replicated 3 times. Each replicate consisted of plots of 10 adjacent trees. Carzol 92 SP (1.38 lb (AI)/acre), a carbamate insecticide/acaricide, was applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 300 psi. Per-acre rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. The spray applications were timed to cover the control window for first generation WALH nymphs. This overlaps with the period for use of carbaryl, a carbamate insecticide frequently used as a fruit thinner. Recommended timing for fruit thinning is when fruits are 8-11 mm in diameter. Dates of applications were as follows: petal fall (6 May); petal fall + 1 wk (12 May); petal fall + 2 weeks (19 May). Mean (n = 20) fruit diameter was 10.6 mm on 12 May, and 15.6 on 19 May. WALH densities were determined by counting nymphs on 20 randomly selected leaves per tree on 5 trees/replicate (300 leaves/treatment). Percent fruit set was determined by counting blossom clusters on 19 Apr on two tagged limb sections/tree, and counting the resulting fruit on 15 Jun. Mite population densities were determined on 23 Jun and 28 Jul by taking a composite sample of 100 leaves (10/tree) for each replicate. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine onto glass plates and counted under a dissecting microscope.
Melon Aphid Control in South Texas, 1989
Authors: Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cantaloupe was direct seeded to plots one bed wide by 330 ft long with 6.6 ft planted to ‘Speltz’ between beds on 1 Mar at the Texas Agr. Res. & Ext. Cntr., Weslaco. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of the following pesticide and/or oil applications at 7 d intervals from germination through first fruit set: 1) JMS Stylet-Oil at 3 qts/100 gal water; 2) permethrin (0.1 lb [AI]/acre); 3) methamidophos (1.0 lb [AI]/acre); 4) permethrin (0.05 lb [AI]/acre) + methamidophos (0.5 lb [AI]/ acre); 5) permethrin + methamidophos mix as above followed by overspray of JMS Stylet-Oil; and 6) untreated. Three randomly selected vines/plot were surveyed for aphid numbers, at 7 d intervals. Plots were treated and surveyed from 17 Mar through 9 Jun.
Control on Late Season Sweet Corn with Foliar Sprays, 1989
Authors: Bowman James S. , Barry Donald W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ‘Honeymoon’ sweet corn used in this experiment was hand-planted in rows on 36 inch centers at the University of New Hampshire Kingman Farm, Madbury, NH on 5 Jul. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. When the plants reached the 10% silking stage, silk spray applications of 10 insecticide treatments were initiated using a R & D CO2-pressurized (40 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 28.8 gal/ acre. The sprays were directed toward the silking zone on each side of the plant on 25 Aug, 29 Aug, 2 Sep, 6 Sep. Evaluations were made at harvest time on 21 Sep by examining 25 ears from each replicate for the presence of larvae or feeding injury.
Insect Pest Control on Lettuce in South Texas, 1988
Authors: Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded to plots (40 ft long by 2 beds wide) on 15 Oct at the Texas Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Experimental design was a RCB with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Applications of insecticides were made on 1 Dec with a tractor mounted boom operated at 60 psi and 30 gal total formulation/acre. Plastic cylindrical cages with muslim cloth tops were placed over 2 plants/plot 4 h after application. Ten BAW larvae (6 d old) were placed in one cage and 10 CL (6 d old) in the second cage in each plot. Plants were surveyed to determine mortality 4 and 7 DAT
Control of Aphids on Salad Crops, 1989
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Koch Timothy A. , Hassel Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The first crop of lettuce was direct-seeded at the Muck Crops Branch, Willard, OH, on 1 Jun. Plots were 3 rows wide (on 16 inch centers), with a different cultivar in each row, 18 ft long, and separated by 4 ft alleys. Each treatment, on each cultivar, was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots were treated on 7 Jul with Sevin 80 S, 0.4 lb (AI)/acre, to encourage aphid infestation. Treatments were applied on 22 Jul with a boom sprayer delivering 50 psi and 50 gal/acre. Weather immediately following treatment was hot, with daytime highs near 90°F. At harvest on 28 Jul aphids were counted on 3 plants in each plot by visual inspection of all leaves on each plant. Red lettuce, ‘Red sails’, was direct-seeded at the Muck Crops Branch on 25 Jul for the second trial. Plot arrangement and experimental design were identical to the earlier planting, but no initial application of Sevin was made and only ‘Red sails’ was used. Treatments were applied on 5 Sep, and weather immediately following treatment was moderate. On 8 and 11 Sep, aphids were rated on an approximately logarithmic scale (0 = 0 aphids, 1 = 1 ° 4 aphids, 2 = 5 ° 10 aphids, 3 = 11 - 33 aphids, 4 = 34 ° 100 aphids, 5 = 101 ° 300 aphids, 6 = &gt; 300) on 5 plants in each plot by visual inspection of all leaves on the plant. Analyses of variance were performed on the untransformed counts for the first treatment date, and on the ratings for the second.
Thrips Control in the Texas High Plains, 1987
Authors: Bender David A. , Morrison William P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, Texas. ‘Texas Grano 438’ onions were transplanted 17 Mar into double-row beds (10-inch rows, 40-inch centers). Plots were 20 ft by 4 beds wide and bordered by 1 row of rye. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 12 May and 5 and 22 Jun with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer with 2 TX12 nozzles/row at 20 gal/acre and 50 psi. Efficacy was determined by counts (visual inspection) on 5 plants/plot on 11, 15, 26 May, 3, 8, 16, 21 and 25 Jun. One adult thrips was collected from each of 5 plants/plot on each sample date for species identification.
Onion Thrips Control, 1989
Authors: Henry P. , Grafius E. , Bishop B. , Maier R. , Stehr M. , Mann A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were direct seeded at approximately 15/row ft on 20 Apr at Keilen Farms, Inc., Lansing, MI. Plots were 2 rows wide (6 inch double rows), 30 inch spacing between double rows, 25 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. One double row was left unsprayed between each plot. Treatments were applied with a hand-held COa sprayer, 2 nozzle boom (1 nozzle/row), at 40 psi and 30 gpa. On 1 Jun, malathion (1.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied by air. Treatments were applied 9, 17, and 25 Aug. On 20 Jul a pre-spray sampling of 10 samples (20 plants/sample) was conducted, leaf bases of the pulled plants were rinsed with 70% ethanol. The rinsate (with thrips) was collected in a cup and returned to the lab. Samples were filtered through a Buchner funnel onto filter paper, and the number of thrips counted under the binocular microscope (120 x). On 3 Aug a second pre-spray sampling of 16 samples (20 plants/sample) was done. On 14, 23 and 31 Aug, 20 plants/plot were randomly selected. Numbers of thrips collected from each plot for all of the post-spray samples were summed to estimate season long impact.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Foliar Insecticides, 1988
Authors: Bishop B. , Grafius E. , Henry P. , Roragen K. , Maier R. , Rattlingourd P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trials of foliar sprays to Colorado potato beetle were conducted at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm, Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted on 13 May 1988. Plots were 3 rows wide (34 inch row spacing) by 40 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Adjacent plots were separated by two untreated rows. Treatments were applied on 17 and 23 Jun, and 1 Jul with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi, with a cluster of 3 nozzles over each row. The middle nozzle directed spray down over the top of the plant, and the other nozzles directed the spray at the sides of the plant. Insects were counted from randomly-selected plants (1/plot prior to treatment, 2/plot for post-spray samples) on 14 Jun (pretreatment count), 21 and 23 Jun, and 7 Jul. Damage ratings both on a per plot and a per plant (2 plants/plot) basis were made on 7 Jul. The center row of each plot was harvested and potatoes sorted by size and weighed on 5 Oct.