bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleich der Sehleistung mit monofokalen Intraokularlinsen mit und ohne verbesserte optische Eigenschaften in einem Nachtfahrsimulator: eine
Proof-of-Concept-Studie
Authors: Ungewiss Judith , Röck Tobias , Wörner Michael , Wetzel Denise , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Schiefer Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel dieser Studie war die Einführung einer Methode zum „Benchmarking“ von Intraokularlinsen beim Autofahren, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Sehschärfe (visual acuity,
VA) und die Kontrastempfindlichkeit (contrast sensitivity, CS). Dazu wurden Patienten mit IOL-Implantaten: ICB00 (Tecnis Eyhance, Johnson & Johnson, Santa Ana, CA, USA) vs. CNA0T0
(Clareon, Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) klinisch und in einem Nachtfahrsimulator untersucht.
Patienten und Methoden Klinische Tests zum Fernvisus bei hohem (high contrast visual acuity, HCVA) und niedrigem Kontrast (low contrast visual acuity, LCVA) sowie zur mesopischen CS
wurden bei Probanden mindestens 2 Monate nach einer binokularen IOL-Operation durchgeführt (Einschlusskriterien: Visus > 20/25, ophthalmologisch normal, außer Kataraktoperation). Alle
Patienten fuhren im Simulator eine gerade Strecke ab. Die VA, CS und Halogröße wurden binokular während des nächtlichen Autofahrens mit Landolt-Ringen in 4 verschiedenen (Fern- und
Intermediärbereichs-)Positionen und Entfernungen gemessen.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse werden als Median/Interquartilsbereich angegeben: ICB00-Daten (CNA0T0-Daten): 5 (6) Probanden im Alter von 69,6/8,3 (71,1/13,0) Jahren wurden
eingeschlossen. Klinische Tests: logMAR HCVA 0,11/0,39 (0,00/0,51), logMAR LCVA 0,78/0,52 (0,80/0,54); logCS ohne 0,50/0,31 (0,30/0,65), mit Blendung 0,20/0,15 (0,20/0,5). Fahrsimulator bei
Nacht: Die logMAR-VA-Schwellenwerte für die rechte Straßenseite, das Armaturenbrett, den Navigationsbildschirm und den Innenrückspiegel betrugen 0,50/0,06 (0,57/0,22), 0,81/0,07 (0,91/0,14),
0,80/0,17 (0,92/0,27), 0,50/0,11 (0,63/0,26), logCS-Schwellenwerte 1,53/0,67 (1,00/0,81), 0,82/0,11 (0,61/0,19), 0,71/0,14 (0,50/0,15), 0,87/0,07 (0,81/0,11). Größe des Halos: 5,40°/0,89°
(5,88°/2,00°).
Schlussfolgerungen In einem Nachtfahrsimulator übertraf die ICB00-IOL die CNA0T0-IOL in Bezug auf logMAR (VA) und logCS um 0,1 log-Einheiten im Intermediärbereich. Klinische Tests
für Ferne und Nähe ergaben keinen Unterschied. Dies könnte darauf hindeuten, dass Fahrsimulatorexperimente im Hinblick auf die Leistungsprüfung von IOLs – insbesondere auch im
Intermediärbereich – sinnvolle Zusatzinformationen liefern können.
Evaluation of Tear Evaporation Rate in Subjects with a High Body Mass Index
Authors: Abusharha Ali , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Alharbi Abdulhadi , Fagehi Raied , Alanazi Mana A. , Alsaqar Ali , Masmali Ali M. , Almubrad Turki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim This study evaluated the tear evaporation rate (TER) in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI) and tested the correlation between BMI and dry eye.
Methods Thirty male subjects aged 18 – 38 years (26.4 ± 4.0 years) with a high BMI (26.4 – 47.0 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. In addition, a control group of 30 males
aged 20 – 36 years (24.0 ± 3.6 years) with a normal BMI (< 25 kg/m2) participated in the study for comparison. Each subject completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI),
followed by the TER measurement using a handheld VapoMeter.
Results Significant differences (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.002 and 0.001) were found between the median scores of the OSDI (10.3 [3.7] vs. 5.9 [7.2]) and TER (35.5 [13.1] vs. 15.5 [12.8]
g/m2 h) in the study and control groups, respectively. The OSDI indicated dry eye in 60.0% of subjects in the study group (n = 18). The TER measurements showed that 76.7% of
subjects in the study group (n = 23) had dry eyes. A medium correlation (r = 0.569; p = 0.001) was found between the OSDI scores and TER measurements.
Conclusions The means of the tear evaporation rate and the ocular surface disease index scores are significantly higher in subjects with a high BMI compared with the control group.
Therefore, a high BMI is considered a risk factor for dry eye. The measurement of the tear evaporation rate using a handheld VapoMeter is a simple and rapid method to detect dry eyes in
combination with other tools.
Prazosin Treatment Protects Brain and Heart by Diminishing Oxidative
Stress and Apoptotic Pathways After Renal Ischemia Reperfusion
Authors: Malekinejad Zahra , Aghajani Shadi , Jeddi Mostafa , Qahremani Reihane , Shahbazi Sina , Bagheri Yasin , Ahmadian Elham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a major medical challenge caused from renal
ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury connected with different cellular events in
other distant organs. Renal IR-related oxidative stress and inflammation
followed by cell apoptosis play a crucial role in IR-induced distant organ
pathological damages. Prazosin has shown protective effects against IR-injuries.
Thus, the current study intended to investigate the possible protective role of
prazosin against the consequents of renal IR in the heart and brain tissues. To
reach this goal, rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7): Sham,
IR and prazosin pretreatment-IR animals (1 mg/kg
intraperitoneally injection of prazosin 45 min before IR induction).
After 6 h reperfusion, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant markers levels
were evaluated in the both, brain and heart tissue. Moreover, apoptotic pathway
in the heart and brain tissues were assessed by western blotting. Accordingly,
prazosin pretreatment in IR model rats could significantly increase the
antioxidant capacity and attenuate apoptotic pathways by increasing the bcl-2
levels and decreasing the expression of Bax and caspase 3 enzymes
(P<0.05). Thus, prazosin suppressed cellular damages of heart and brain
tissues post kidney IR by anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, which
suggests the plausible use of prazosin in improving the clinical outcomes during
AKI after further investigations.
The Aryne Ene Reaction
Authors: Jones Christopher R. , Yang Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntermolecular aryne ene reactions present opportunities to arylate a wide range of unsaturated substrates in a single step, whilst intramolecular reactions provide expedient access to valuable benzofused carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks. This short review will chart the development of the aryne ene reaction from initial reports that rationalise unexpected byproduct formation in competing [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions through to its exploitation in contemporary synthetic methodology.1	Introduction2	Alkene Ene Reactions2.1	Intermolecular2.2	Intramolecular3	Alkyne Ene Reactions3.1	Intermolecular3.2	Intramolecular4	Allene Ene Reactions5	Aromatic Ene Reactions6	Hetero Ene Reactions6.1	Enols6.2	Enamines6.3	Imines7	Conclusions
Comparative Analysis of Preoperative High Frequency Color Doppler Ultrasound versus MR Lymphangiography versus ICG Lymphography of Lymphatic Vessels in Lymphovenous Anastomosis
Authors: Kim Hyung Bae , Jung Sung Soo , Cho Min-Jeong , Peirera Nicolas , Pak Changsik John , Suh Peter Hyun Suk , Lee Sang Hoon , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Despite the extensive use of various imaging modalities, there is limited literature on comparing the reliability between indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, MR Lymphangiogram (MRL), and high frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) to identify lymphatic vessels.
Method In this study of 124 patients, the correlation between preoperative image findings to the actual lymphatic vessel leading to lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and simple detection were calculated. Subgroup analysis was also performed according to the severity of lymphedema.
Results Total of 328 LVAs were performed. The HFCDU overall had significantly higher sensitivity for identifying lymphatic vessels (99%) over MRL (83.5%) and ICG lymphography (82.3%)(p < 0.0001). Both ICG lymphography and HFCDU had 100% specificity and PPV. The NPV was 3.6%, 6.5% and 57.1% respectively for MRL, ICG lymphography, and HFCDU. All modalities showed high sensitivity for early stage 2 lymphedema while HFCDU showed a significantly higher sensitivity for late stage 2 (MRL:79.7%, ICG:83.1%, HFCDU:97%) and stage 3 (MRL:79.7%, ICG:79.7%, HFCDU:100%) over the other two modalities (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion This study demonstrated while all three modalities are able to provide good information, the sensitivity may alter as the severity of lymphedema progresses. The HFCDU will provide the best detection for lymphatic vessels throughout all stages of lymphedema. However, as each modality provides different and unique information, combining and evaluating the data according to the stage of lymphedema will be able to maximize the chance for a successful surgical outcome.
Modeling magnesium surfaces and their dissolution in an aqueous environment using an implicit solvent model
Authors: Aziz Alex , Carrasco Javier 
Published: April 2022

Magnesium has attracted growing interest for its use in various applications, primarily due to its abundance, lightweight properties, and relatively low cost. However, one major drawback to its widespread use remains to be its reactivity in aqueous environments, which is poorly understood at the atomistic level. Ab initio density functional theory methods are particularly well suited to bridge this knowledge gap, but the explicit simulation of electrified water/metal interfaces is often too costly from a computational viewpoint. Here, we investigate water/Mg interfaces using the computationally efficient implicit solvent model VASPsol. We show that the Mg (0001), (101̄0), and (101̄1) surfaces each form different electrochemical double layers due to the anisotropic smoothing of the electron density at their surfaces, following Smoluchowski rules. We highlight the dependence that the position of the diffuse cavity surrounding the interface has on the potential of zero charge and the electron double layer capacitance, and how these parameters are also affected by the addition of explicit water and adsorbed OH molecules. Finally, we calculate the equilibrium potential of Mg2+/Mg0 in an aqueous environment to be −2.46 V vs a standard hydrogen electrode, in excellent agreement with the experiment.
Desorption of physisorbed molecular oxygen from coronene films and graphite surfaces
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi Salam , Morisset Sabine , Baouche Saoud , Dulieu Francois 
Published: April 2022

We present a study on the adsorption and desorption of molecular oxygen (O2) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and coronene films deposited on it. To this end, density functional theory calculations were performed and experiments were made using the FORMOLISM device, which combines ultra-high vacuum, cryogenics, atomic or molecular beams, and mass spectrometry techniques. We first studied the desorption kinetics of dioxygen (O2) on a coronene film and graphite at 15 K using the thermally programed desorption technique. We observed that the desorption of O2 occurs at a lower temperature on coronene than on graphite. We deduce the binding energies that are 12.5 kJ/mol on graphite and 10.6 kJ/mol on coronene films (pre-exponential factor, 6.88 × 1014 s−1). The graphite surfaces partially covered with coronene show both adsorption energies. In combination with theoretical density function theory (DFT) calculations using graphene and coronene as surfaces, we observe that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. For the adsorption of the O2 molecule, two orientations are possible: parallel or perpendicular to the surface. It seems that O2 is best bound parallel to the surface and has a preference for the internal sites of the coronene.
Organic electrochemical transistors toward synaptic electronics
Authors: Zhou Bosheng , Liu Wanrong , Xu Yunchao , Jin Chenxing , Yang Junliang , Sun Jia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recently, the organic electronic devices have been developed rapidly. With the development of artificial intelligence, the research community has been able to design artificial synapses to simulate the function of biological synapses and realize information processing and calculation. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a novel artificial electronic device, which regulates electrochemical doping in organic semiconductor (OSC) channels by applying gate voltage, leading to high coupling between ions and electrons. This affects the current in the channel. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress regarding OECT-based artificial synapses and discuss the materials of OSC film and electrolyte, working mechanisms, and the applications in intelligent sensors, medical field, and flexible and wearable device. Furthermore, the problems faced by OECTs and their outlooks are analyzed.
Vector semi-rational rogon-solitons and asymptotic analysis for any multi-component Hirota equations with mixed backgrounds
Authors: Weng Weifang , Zhang Guoqiang , Chen Shuyan , Zhou Zijian , Yan Zhenya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Hirota equation can be used to describe the wave propagation of an ultrashort optical field. In this paper, the multi-component Hirota (alias n-Hirota, i.e. n-component third-order nonlinear Schrödinger) equations with mixed non-zero and zero boundary conditions are explored. We employ the multiple roots of the characteristic polynomial related to the Lax pair and modified Darboux transform to find vector semi-rational rogon-soliton solutions (i.e. nonlinear combinations of rogon and soliton solutions). The semi-rational rogon-soliton features can be modulated by the polynomial degree. For the larger solution parameters, the first m (m < n) components with non-zero backgrounds can be decomposed into rational rogons and grey-like solitons, and the last n − m components with zero backgrounds can approach bright-like solitons. Moreover, we analyze the accelerations and curvatures of the quasi-characteristic curves, as well as the variations of accelerations with the distances to judge the interaction intensities between rogons and grey-like solitons. We also find the semi-rational rogon-soliton solutions with ultra-high amplitudes. In particular, we can also deduce vector semi-rational solitons of the n-component complex mKdV equation. These results will be useful to further study the related nonlinear wave phenomena of multi-component physical models with mixed background, and even design the related physical experiments.
Bootstrapping Calabi–Yau quantum mechanics
Authors: Du Bao-Ning , Huang Min-Xin , Zeng Pei-Xuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, a novel bootstrap method for numerical calculations in matrix models and quantum mechanical systems was proposed. We apply the method to certain quantum mechanical systems derived from some well-known local toric Calabi–Yau geometries, where the exact quantization conditions have been conjecturally related to topological string theory. We find that the bootstrap method provides a promising alternative for the precision numerical calculations of the energy eigenvalues. An improvement in our approach is to use a larger set of two-dimensional operators instead of one-dimensional ones. We also apply our improved bootstrap methods to some non-relativistic models in the recent literature and demonstrate better numerical accuracies.
Inverse scattering transforms of the inhomogeneous fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero/nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Mao Jin-Jin , Tian Shou-Fu , Xu Tian-Zhou , Shi Lin-Fei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present work studies the inverse scattering transforms (IST) of the inhomogeneous fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with zero boundary conditions (ZBCs) and nonzero boundary conditions (NZBCs). Firstly, the bound-state solitons of the inhomogeneous fifth-order NLS equation with ZBCs are derived by the residue theorem and the Laurent’s series for the first time. Then, by combining with the robust IST, the Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem of the inhomogeneous fifth-order NLS equation with NZBCs is revealed. Furthermore, based on the resulting RH problem, some new rogue wave solutions of the inhomogeneous fifth-order NLS equation are found by the Darboux transformation. Finally, some corresponding graphs are given by selecting appropriate parameters to further analyze the unreported dynamic characteristics of the corresponding solutions.
A Study on Low Frequency Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind
Authors: Yang Hai-Feng , Zhao Guo-Qing , Feng Heng-Qiang , Pi Gilbert , Liu Qiang , Xiang Liang , Li Qiu-Huan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
According to Wind observations between 2005 and 2015, this paper investigates the dependences of the occurrence of low frequency electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) on the plasma parameters, the solar cycle, and the orientations of alpha-proton drift velocity (
V

d
) and the ambient magnetic field (
B
). The occurrence rates of ECWs with respect to six plasma parameters are calculated. Results show that the preferential conditions for generation of left-handed (LH) ECWs are higher proton temperature (T

p
), higher proton velocity (V

p
), lower proton density (N

p
), stronger proton temperature anisotropy (T
⊥/T
∥), higher normalized alpha-proton drift velocity (V

d
/V
A), and higher normalized alpha particle density (N

α
/N

p
), where T
⊥ and T
∥ refer to proton temperatures perpendicular and parallel to
B
, and V
A is the local Alfvén velocity. For right-handed (RH) ECWs, however, the dependences on these plasma parameters are not obvious. On the other hand, it is found that the occurrence rate of LH ECWs increases as the sunspot number decreases, and decreases as the sunspot number increases. Further investigation shows that the increased occurrence rate of LH ECWs is accompanied by an increase in the medians of V

p
, V

d
/V
A, and N

α
/N

p
. For RH ECWs, the occurrence rate appears to be nearly unrelated to the sunspot number, suggesting a negligible correlation with the solar cycle. In addition, a modified angle is introduced to include the factors of orientation of
B
(anti-sunward or sunward) and angle between
V

d
and
B
, simultaneously. It is found that the occurrence of LH ECWs has the strong preferential condition that
V

d
is anti-sunward, while a different situation arises for RH ECWs. These results are discussed in the context of the temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities with the effect of alpha particles.
Narrative Identity and Recognition Deficiency
Authors: Racine R Maxwell 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPaul Ricœur says that our narrative identity depends on how others understand us. This claim, however, does not explicitly address the fact that not everyone receives the same recognition: it underexplains how certain groups are systemically not acknowledged, respected, or taken seriously. More recent work on narrative co-authoring starts to address this fact by examining how people’s vulnerability to co-authoring depends on the context in which they live. But I argue that this work should be extended to attend to the kinds of vulnerabilities that result from what José Medina calls recognition deficiencies, which become more normalized due to structural oppression, specifically what Iris Marion Young calls cultural imperialism. I then illuminate the kinds of vulnerabilities that result from recognition deficiencies in cases of structural oppression by bringing in work in Black feminist thought and epistemic injustice, particularly that of Audre Lorde and Veronica Ivy, into conversation with narrative scholarship.
Mobility screening for fall prediction in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA): implications for fall prevention in the decade of healthy ageing
Authors: Beauchamp Marla K , Kuspinar Ayse , Sohel Nazmul , Mayhew Alexandra , D’Amore Cassandra , Griffith Lauren E , Raina Parminder 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Guidelines for fall prevention in older adults recommend mobility screening for fall risk assessment; however, there is no consensus on which test to use and at what cutoff. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and optimal cut-off values of commonly used mobility tests for predicting falls in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Methods
Mobility tests at baseline included the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Single Leg Stance (SLS), chair-rise and gait speed. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 65 years and meeting first-level fall screening criteria (i.e. history of a fall or mobility problem) at baseline. Accuracy of fall prediction at 18-months for each test was measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).

Results
Of 1,121 participants that met inclusion criteria (mean age 75.2 ± 5.9 years; 66.6% women), 218 (19.4%) reported ≥one fall at 18 months. None of the tests achieved acceptable accuracy for identifying individuals with ≥one fall at follow-up. Among women 65–74 and 75–85 years, the TUG identified recurrent fallers (≥two falls) with optimal cut-off scores of 14.1 and 12.9 s (both AUCs 0.70), respectively. Among men 65–74 years, only the SLS showed acceptable accuracy (AUC 0.85) for identifying recurrent fallers with an optimal cutoff of 3.6 s.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that commonly used mobility tests do not have sufficient discriminability to identify fallers in a population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults. The TUG and SLS can identify recurrent fallers; however, their accuracy and cut-off values vary by age and sex.
Prognostic Significance of Three-Tiered World Health Organization Classification of Phyllodes Tumor and Correlation to Singapore General Hospital Nomogram
Authors: Bedi Davsheen , Clark Beth Z , Carter Gloria J , Yu Jing , Fine Jeffrey L , Villatoro Tatiana M , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as benign, borderline, and malignant. Singapore General Hospital (SGH) nomogram is a recurrence risk assessment tool for PT, which uses cytologic atypia, mitosis, stromal overgrowth, and the surgical margin status. We studied the prognostic significance of WHO classification and its correlation to the SGH nomogram.

Methods
We identified 270 consecutive cases of PT (195 benign, 49 borderline, 26 malignant). Follow-up was available on 246 cases (mean follow-up of 51 months).

Results
The recurrence rates were 2% (4 of 176) for benign, 4% (2 of 46) for borderline, and 25% (6 of 24) for malignant (log-rank test P &lt; .0001 for recurrence-free survival). Only five patients with malignant PT experienced distant recurrence. Stromal overgrowth was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival on multivariable analysis. The mean nomogram scores for benign, borderline, and malignant PT were 20, 20.3, and 32, respectively. The higher than expected score for benign PT was due to positive margins in 39% of cases.

Conclusions
The WHO three-tiered classification of PT is prognostic. Despite positive margin status, most benign PTs do not recur. Other features of the nomogram help in determining recurrence but are also used for WHO classification.