bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willing but not able: A survey of New Zealand health practitioners' interests in providing second trimester abortion care and the obstacles they face
Authors: Whiting Rosie , Paterson Helen , Hudspith Anna , Caldwell Coleen 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn 2020, abortion was removed from the Crimes Act. Abortions under 20 weeks gestation no longer require an indication and criteria for abortion above 20 weeks gestation has broadened. Prior to law reform, all abortions were provided on licensed premises and the responsible health practitioner was a doctor. Subsequently, any health practitioner with abortion in their scope of practice can provide abortion care.AimsTo describe the characteristics of health practitioners who expressed an interest in participating in second trimester abortion care, and to identify and describe the barriers to providing an optimal second trimester abortion service.Materials and MethodsThis was an exponential non‐discriminating snowball email survey using tick boxes and open comments. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and free‐text components were analysed using a general inductive approach.ResultsThe 113 respondents included: 38 hospital‐based obstetrics and gynaecology doctors, 22 primary care doctors, 13 midwives and 14 nurses/nurse practitioners. Thirty‐three (29.2%) and 62 (54.9%) respondents reported interest in providing second trimester surgical and medical abortion care respectively. The most commonly identified barrier to both surgical and medical second trimester abortion provision was lack of trained staff, followed by an unsupportive work environment. Thematic analysis aligned with these findings and commonly featured difficulty in accessing feticide.ConclusionsWe need to actively recruit and train all health practitioners interested in providing second trimester abortion care to strengthen the workforce. This requires an organisation to oversee an inclusive national framework for abortion training, including feticide, and provide professional supervision.
The Santa María pottery of El Bolsón valley (Catamarca, Argentina): Compositional characterization and implications on the elaboration processes, ca. 1000–1600 ce
Authors: Puente Veronica , Botta Pablo Martín , Desimone Paula Mariela , Ramos Cinthia Paula , Porto Lopez José Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe results obtained from the multi‐analytic compositional characterization of ceramic pastes and paints of the Santa María style, from the El Bolsón valley (Belén Department, Catamarca Province, Argentina), are presented here. This pottery style had a wide regional distribution in Northwestern Argentina between ca. 1000 and1600 ce and is characterized by its complex iconography painted in black, cream and red. The analyses show that the containers correspond to the technical tradition of using grog temper and suggest that its manufacture involved a double firing process. This reveals a new practice for the time.
Speciesism in everyday language
Authors: Leach Stefan , Kitchin Andrew P. , Sutton Robbie M. , Dhont Kristof 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpeciesism, like other forms of prejudice, is thought to be underpinned by biased patterns of language use. Thus far, however, psychological science has primarily focused on how speciesism is reflected in individuals' thoughts as opposed to wider collective systems of meaning such as language. We present a large‐scale quantitative test of speciesism by applying machine‐learning methods (word embeddings) to billions of English words derived from conversation, film, books, and the Internet. We found evidence of anthropocentric speciesism: words denoting concern (vs. indifference) and value (vs. valueless) were more closely associated with words denoting humans compared to many other animals. We also found evidence of companion animal speciesism: the same words were more closely associated with words denoting companion animals compared to most other animals. The work describes speciesism as a pervasive collective phenomenon that is evident in a naturally occurring expression of human psychology – everyday language.
CD‐polytomous knowledge spaces and corresponding polytomous surmise systems
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Jinjin , Sun Wen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeller (2021) generalized quasi‐ordinal knowledge spaces to polytomous items. Inspired by this paper, we propose CD‐polytomous knowledge space and its polytomous surmise system. A Galois connection is established between the collection of all polytomous knowledge structures and the collection of particular polytomous attribute functions. The closed elements of the Galois connection are CD‐polytomous knowledge spaces in and polytomous surmise functions in , respectively. With the help of these, this paper provides a characterization of the polytomous knowledge structure corresponding to the polytomous surmise function that is weakly factorial. Based on the finite sets of items and response values, these results generalize the previous approaches for polytomous knowledge spaces.
Socioeconomic inequalities related to maternal perception of children's oral health at age 4: Results of a birth cohort
Authors: Karam Sarah Arangurem , Costa Francine dos Santos , Correa Marcos Britto , Bertoldi Andréa D. , Barros Fernando C. , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate socioeconomic inequalities in the maternal perception of children's oral health from a birth cohort study in Brazil.MethodsThe data from this study were collected through perinatal interviews and at the 48‐month follow‐up from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. The main outcome was the maternal perception of children's oral health, dichotomized into positive (good/very good) and negative (fair/bad/very bad). The secondary outcome was untreated dental caries (absence and presence, according to the ICDAS index – International Caries Detection and Assessment System). For the statistical analysis, the absolute inequality index (Slope Index of Inequality – SII) and the relative concentration index (Concentration Index – CIX) were used. Analyses were stratified by maternal educational level, family income and wealth index.ResultsThe prevalence of outcomes was 19.4% (95% CI 18.2; 20.7) for the negative maternal perception of children's oral health and 15.6% (95% CI 14.4; 16.8) for untreated dental caries. Socioeconomics inequalities were observed in negative maternal perception of children's oral health in both absolute and relative terms. A SII of −16.6 (95% CI −20.8; −12.5) was observed for family income, with higher prevalence in poor families. A higher prevalence of the negative maternal perception of children's oral health was observed in mothers without any educational level or a few years of study (CIX −21.1 [95% CI −24.5; −17.7]).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates socioeconomics disparities in the maternal perception of children's oral health and in the prevalence of untreated caries in children. A higher concentration of negative maternal perception of children's oral health was identified among the most socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. The findings reinforce the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in subjective measures about children's oral health.
Once‐more scattered next event estimation for volume rendering
Authors: Hanika Johannes , Weidlich Andrea , Droske Marc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a Monte Carlo path tracing technique to sample extended next event estimation contributions in participating media: we consider one additional scattering vertex on the way to the next event, accounting for focused blur, resulting in visually interesting image features. Our technique is tailored to thin homogeneous media with strongly forward scattering phase functions, such as water or atmospheric haze. Previous methods put emphasis on sampling transmittances or geometric factors, and are either limited to isotropic scattering, or used tabulation or polynomial approximation to account for some specific phase functions. We will show how to jointly importance sample the product of an arbitrary phase function with analytic sampling in the solid angle domain and the two reciprocal squared distance terms of the adjacent edges of the transport path. The technique is fast and simple to implement in an existing rendering system. Our estimator is designed specifically for forward scattering, so the new technique has to be combined with other estimators to cover the backward scattering contributions.
Automatic Feature Selection for Denoising Volumetric Renderings
Authors: Zhang Xianyao , Ott Melvin , Manzi Marco , Gross Markus , Papas Marios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a method for constructing feature sets that significantly improve the quality of neural denoisers for Monte Carlo renderings with volumetric content. Starting from a large set of hand‐crafted features, we propose a feature selection process to identify significantly pruned near‐optimal subsets. While a naive approach would require training and testing a separate denoiser for every possible feature combination, our selection process requires training of only a single probe denoiser for the selection task. Moreover, our approximate solution has an asymptotic complexity that is quadratic to the number of features compared to the exponential complexity of the naive approach, while also producing near‐optimal solutions. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach on various state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods for volumetric content. We observe improvements in denoising quality when using our automatically selected feature sets over the hand‐crafted sets proposed by the original methods.
Deep Flow Rendering: View Synthesis via Layer‐aware Reflection Flow
Authors: Dai Pinxuan , Xie Ning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNovel view synthesis (NVS) generates images from unseen viewpoints based on a set of input images. It is a challenge because of inaccurate lighting optimization and geometry inference. Although current neural rendering methods have made significant progress, they still struggle to reconstruct global illumination effects like reflections and exhibit ambiguous blurs in highly view‐dependent areas. This work addresses high‐quality view synthesis to emphasize reflection on non‐concave surfaces. We propose Deep Flow Rendering that optimizes direct and indirect lighting separately, leveraging texture mapping, appearance flow, and neural rendering. A learnable texture is used to predict view‐independent features, meanwhile enabling efficient reflection extraction. To accurately fit view‐dependent effects, we adopt a constrained neural flow to transfer image‐space features from nearby views to the target view in an edge‐preserving manner. Then we further implement a fusing renderer that utilizes the predictions of both layers to form the output image. The experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods at synthesizing various scenes with challenging reflection effects.
Apigenin inhibits fibrous scar formation after acute spinal cord injury through TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway
Authors: Jin Zhengxin , Tian Lige , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xiaodi , Kang Jianning , Dong Hui , Huang Nana , Pan Liuzhu , Ning Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of apigenin on fibrous scar formation after mouse spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe pneumatic impactor strike method was used to establish an SCI model. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg apigenin daily for 28 days after SCI. The Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score, hematoxylin–eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the effect of apigenin on scar formation and motor function recovery. Western blotting and qRT‐PCR were used to detect the expression of fibrosis‐related parameters in spinal cord tissue homogenates. NIH‐3 T3 cells and mouse primary spinal cord fibroblasts, α‐Smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), collagen 1, and fibronectin were used to evaluate apigenin's effect in vitro. Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to study the effect of apigenin on TGFβ/SMADs signaling.ResultsApigenin inhibited fibrous scar formation in the mouse spinal cord and promoted the recovery of motor function. It reduced the expression of fibroblast‐related parameters and increased the content of nerve growth factor in vivo, decreasing myofibroblast activation and collagen fiber formation by inhibiting TGFβ‐induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in vitro.ConclusionApigenin inhibits fibrous scar formation after SCI by decreasing fibrosis‐related factor expression through TGFβ/SMADs signaling.
Physicians perceive that ostomates have decreased quality of life but not overall health: An international survey of physicians
Authors: Eid Mark A. , Goldwag Jenaya L. , Gray Philip P. , Shaw Robert D. , Ivatury Srinivas J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate physicians' perceptions of ostomates' quality of life (QoL) and comfort of care among an international sample of physicians caring for ostomates.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional survey study. We conducted a survey of primary care physicians (PCP), gastroenterologists (GI), and general surgeons (GS) from three continents using the SERMO online physician platform. We piloted the survey for content, clarity and domain development using a pilot sample of physicians from each speciality before use. We summarized responses to questions related to physician comfort of ostomate care with descriptive statistics. We conducted multiple logistic regression with the primary outcome of physician perception of ostomate QoL.ResultsA total of 617 physicians (PCP 264, GI 176, GS 177) completed the survey representing North America, Europe and Australia similarly. The average age was 46 years and 21% were women. Ninety per cent of physicians care for an ostomate at least once per month. Eighty eight per cent had access to enterostomal nurses. Eighty two per cent of physicians believed that ostomates have decreased QoL. Forty seven per cent believed that ostomates have decreased overall health. Almost half of respondents answered incorrectly to a ‘bogus question’ citing fake clinical evidence supporting a negative impact of ostomies on social relationships. Increased physician comfort in ostomy care (OR 1.30, p = 0.04) and US‐based physicians (OR 1.75, p = 0.01) were associated with increased odds of answering that ostomates have no decreased QoL.ConclusionAmong a diverse international sample, most physicians believe that ostomates have decreased QoL but not overall health. Physician implicit bias, physician comfort and geographical variability account for these findings. Targeted efforts to increase physician comfort in ostomate care and establish universal best practices is needed.
Assessment of the Current State of In Situ Conservation and Use of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Colombia
Authors: Rosero Amparo , Rodríguez Eberto , Aguilera‐Arango Germán , Rosero María‐Gladis , Granda Leiter , Pastrana Iván , Martínez Remberto , Perez Jose‐Luis , Espitia Laura , Gomez Evelin , Rodríguez Tatiana , Sieber Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSweet potato is a valuable staple crop that guarantees food security to a large segment of the world population. The wide phenotypic and genetic variability of this species is an indication of its high adaptation capacity to diverse environmental conditions. In Colombia, it is a neglected and underutilized crop, mainly managed by traditional knowledge. The aim of this study was to recognize the contribution of in situ conservation and to characterize the habitats and the traditional uses to shed light on the design of their management and conservation strategies. Germplasm and data collection were conducted in the Caribbean and Andean regions of the country. This collection resulted in 750 accessions from 131 municipalities, belonging to 19 departments of the two regions. In these regions, sweet potato has been conserved in situ in a wide spatial and altitudinal distribution. The major collection sources were wild and cultivated habitats, which highlight the invaluable contribution of farmers and communities in the preservation of this species and its associated knowledge. In situ conservation seemed to be an efficient strategy for conserving and using plant genetic resources; therefore, it should be considered by conservation efforts.
The TRP channel PKD2 is involved in sensing the mechanical stimulus of adhesion for initiating metamorphosis in the chordate Ciona
Authors: Sakamoto Aya , Hozumi Akiko , Shiraishi Akira , Satake Honoo , Horie Takeo , Sasakura Yasunori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetamorphosis is the dramatic and irreversible reconstruction of animal bodies transitioning from the larval stage. Because of the significant impact of metamorphosis on animal life, its timing is strictly regulated. Invertebrate chordate ascidians are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Ascidians exhibit metamorphosis that converts their swimming larvae into sessile adults. Ascidian metamorphosis is triggered by a mechanical stimulus generated when adhesive papillae adhere to a substrate. However, it is not well understood how the mechanical stimulus is generated and how ascidian larvae sense the stimulus. In this study, we addressed these issues by a combination of embryological, molecular, and genetic experiments in the model ascidian Ciona intestinalis Type A, also called Ciona robusta. We here showed that the epidermal neuronal network starting from the sensory neurons at the adhesive papillae is responsible for the sensing of adhesion. We also found that the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel PKD2 is involved in sensing the stimulus of adhesion. Our results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the timing of ascidian metamorphosis.
Proxy‐reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Soler Nicolette , Cordier Reinie , Perkes Iain E. , Dale Russell C. , Bray Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the quality and utility of proxy‐reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, movement disorders, and intellectual disability).MethodWe systematically searched 11 databases. We applied the updated Consensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties to evaluate instrument development and psychometric properties. Findings were summarized using a COSMIN adaptation of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.ResultsFrom 11 databases, 6748 articles were screened. Ninety‐one full‐length articles were reviewed after removing excluded studies and manual searches conducted by two reviewers. Data were extracted for 12 measures from 20 articles. Of the 12 measures, only three provided sufficient data to evaluate content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire‐Home (PSEQ‐H) was the only measure that satisfied moderate content validity and moderate‐to‐high quality for measurement properties. These properties included: structural validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error.InterpretationOne measure, the PSEQ‐H, met eight criteria for good measurement properties. To facilitate evidence‐informed clinical decision‐making, all psychometric properties of all 12 sensory‐based, proxy‐reported measures were presented. The importance of consumer engagement in measure development and the need for ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.What this paper adds

Three measures provided studies on content validity and psychometric measurement properties.
The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire‐Home had moderate quality for content validity studies and high‐to‐moderate quality evidence for psychometric properties.
The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire was the only measure that included consumer involvement through qualitative interviews and pilot testing.
Consumer involvement in measure development is important for content validity.
Ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.
The usefulness of speckle tracking echocardiography in identifying subclinical myocardial dysfunction in young adults recovered from mild COVID‐19
Authors: Gherbesi Elisa , Bergamaschi Luca , Cusmano Ignazio , Tien Thien Trung , Paolisso Pasquale , Foà Alberto , Pizzi Carmine , Barosi Alberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial strain assessed with speckle tracking echocardiography is a sensitive marker of cardiac dysfunction. Both left‐ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) and right ventricular longitudinal strain (RV‐LS) were affected by severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, data about cardiac involvement in patients with asymptomatic/mild Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is still lacking.AimTo evaluate myocardial function using LV‐GLS and RV‐LS in patients with previous asymptomatic/mild COVID‐19.MethodsForty young adults without previously known comorbidities/cardiovascular risk factors and with a confirmed diagnosis of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were retrospectively included. A 2D‐transthoracic echocardiogram with speckle tracking analysis was performed at least 3 months after the diagnosis. Forty healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, and body surface area in a 1:1 ratio were used as the control group.ResultsLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV‐LS were comparable between the two groups. LV‐GLS was significantly lower in the cases compared to the control group (−22.7 ± 1.6% vs. −25.7 ± 2.3%; p < .001). Moreover, the prevalence of regional peak systolic strain below −16% in at least two segments was three times higher in patients with previous COVID‐19 compared to controls (30% vs. 10%, p = .02). In multivariable logistic regression, previous COVID‐19 infection was independently associated with reduced LV‐GLS values (p < .001).ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 infection may affect left ventricular deformation in 30% of young adult patients despite an asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic acute illness. Speckle‐tracking echocardiography could help early identification of patients with subclinical cardiac involvement, with potential repercussions on risk stratification and management.