bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Health Status and Health Care Use in Grandparent- Versus Parent-Led Households
Authors: Joshi Deepa S. , Lebrun-Harris Lydie A. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES
To use a nationally representative sample to compare children in grandparent-led versus parent-led households with regard to diagnosed child health conditions, receipt of timely health care, and burden of caregiving responsibilities.

METHODS
We used 4 years of pooled data from the National Survey of Children’s Health, representative of United States children ages 0 to 17 years, and applied bivariate analyses and logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic confounders to compare grandparent- and parent-led households on key measures of interest.

RESULTS
Compared with children in parent-led households, those in grandparent-led households had increased physical health conditions (oral health problems: 18.9% vs 13.1%, P = .0006; overweight/obesity: 40.3% vs 29.7%, P = .0002); emotional, mental, and developmental health conditions (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: 16.3% vs 8.0%; behavioral/conduct problems: 13.9% vs 6.1%; depression: 6.6% vs 3.1%; learning disability: 13.9% vs 6.2%, P &lt; .0001 for all); and special health care needs (28.2% vs 17.8%, P &lt; .0001). They also had decreased prevalence of health care utilization (usual source of sick care: 65.7% vs 79.5%, preventive checkups: 64.6% vs 77.1%; preventive dental visits: 73.8% vs 80.6%; specialty care: 78.6% vs 90.2%, P ≤ .0001 for all) and increased prevalence of forgone care (5.9% vs 2.8%, P = .0020). After adjustment, the associations with caregiver type remained statistically significant for all emotional, mental, and developmental conditions listed; special health care needs; usual source of sick care and preventive checkups.

CONCLUSIONS
Grandparent caregivers may benefit from additional support to ensure that grandchildren receive timely health care services.
A review of nutritional implications of bioactive compounds of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), their biological activities and nano-formulations
Authors: Ishfaq Muhammad , Hu Wanying , Hu Zhihua , Guan Yurong , Zhang Ruihong 
Published: August 2022

Ginger is a rhizome of the family Zingiberaceae and is one of the most commonly used spices in food and beverages worldwide. The pharmacological activities of ginger, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and protective effects against pain and gastrointestinal tract disorders, are primarily attributed to its phenolic compounds. However, knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity, absorption, molecular targets, and dose–response relationship of ginger in human clinical studies is still elusive. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current literature in the context of bioactive compounds and biological activities of ginger. Furthermore, recent findings regarding the absorption, tissue distribution, and nano-formulations of ginger bioactive compounds are discussed. The current in vitro and in vivo studies identified and validated ginger extracts and bioactive compounds, including gingerols, zingiberene, shogaols, and zingerone. Despite the data available regarding the pharmacological uses of ginger together with a deep mechanistic approach about the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and dose-response studies in humans is yet to be provided. Studies on the absorption, bioavailability, adverse reactions, and safe doses of the bioactive compounds of ginger will additionally improve its therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the use of nano-formulations of bioactive compounds of ginger will be a more effective strategy in drug delivery. These novel evidences may bring ginger to the forefront of nutraceuticals for the treatment and/or prevention of various human health disorders.
Calcitonin testing in patients with thyroid nodules for screening medullary thyroid carcinoma: a “gray zone”
Authors: Severskaya N. V. , Ilyin A. A. , Chebotareva I. V. , Zhelonkina N. V. , Isaev P. A. , Polkin V. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The results of the calcitonin (Ctn) study in patients with thyroid nodules are included in the clinical guidelines for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, the management of patients with moderately elevated Ctn up to 100 pg/mL is not clearly defined.Materials and methods. The study included 103 patients with thyroid nodules and a Ctn level above the reference, but not more than 100 pg/ml. The Ctn concentration was determined using the Cobas e platform (Roche, Germany) or by the immunoradiometric method (Izotop, Hungary). 45 patients were operated on. The analysis of the incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), other thyroid and nonthyroid pathology in patients with elevated Ctn scan was carried out. The results of additional examination are presented: the serum cancer embryonic antigen, Ctn in wash-out, stimulated Ctn, gene RET mutation testing.The study objective is to evaluate the probability MTC with Ctn level <100 pg/ml, propose management tactics for patients with elevated Ctn and negative cytological results.Results. The incidence of MTC was 22 % (23/103). The maximum probability of mTC was at Ctn above 50 pg/mL (81 %, 13/16), at Ctn 31-50 pg/mL mTC was detected in 38 % (3/8). With Ctn <30 pg/mL and <20 pg/mL, the incidence of MTC was 9 % (7/79) and 6 % (4/64), respectively. In the majority of MTC patients (65 %), the tumor size did not exceed 1 cm. However, 22 % (5/23) had metastases to the neck lymph nodes. postoperative Ctn normalization was achieved in 96 % (22/23). In 26 % (5/19), a RET germ-line mutation was detected, most often p.val804met.Among patients without MTC, other thyroid tumors were found in 35 % (28/80), more often papillary thyroid cancer (25 %, 20/80). 13 % (10/80) had other malignant neoplasms. parathyroid adenoma was detected in 3 % (2/80). The maximum Ctn in this group was in patients with chronic kidney disease and metastatic liver disease with cholestasis and ascites.Cancer embryonic antigen was increased in 53 % of patients with MTC and in 7 % of patients without MTC. Ctn in washout was >2000 pg/mL in mTC and up to 938 pg/mL in patients with histologically confirmed absence of MTC.Conclusion. If the Ctn level is <100 pg/mL and there is no cytological confirmation, the issue of surgery is decided individually, taking into account many factors. After excluding other causes of hypercalcitoninemia (hyperparathyroidism, kidney disease, other tumors), measurement of serum cancer embryonic antigen and Ctn in wash-out is recommended. In some cases, testing for a RET mutation can be helpful.
Kandungan Hukum Islam Dalam Ayat-Ayat Mutasyabihat
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The study of mutasyabihat verses in relation to Islamic law looks rather unusual. This is because the assumption built by the scholars is "the mutasyabihat verses concentrate more on the field of aqidah (al-ahkam al-I'tiqadiyah)". Meanwhile, the verses regarding halal-haram law include the muhkamat verse (the meaning is clear); as opposed to the mutasyabihat verse. This paper attempts to present the content of Islamic law (shara' law) in mutasyabihat verses. The result actually strengthens the existence of mutasyabihat verses on musykil, musytarak, and mubham pronunciations. The themes of the verse become clearer when viewed with a substantive approach, for example the law of marriage polygamy, the tradition of destroying the back wall of the house after Umrah or Hajj, the law against polytheists, the meaning of quru' for women who have lost their husbands, the law on coalitions of Muslims and non-Muslims. , and others tend to say that the legal verses are actually more mutasyabihat. The aim is allegedly to strengthen faith in Allah and so that the universality of the Qur'an is maintained Abstrak: Kajian tentang ayat-ayat mutasyabihat dalam hubungannya dengan hukum Islam terlihat agak tidak lazim. Hal ini karena asumsi yang dibangun para ulama “ayat-ayat mutasyabihat lebih berkonsentrasi pada bidang akidah (al-ahkam al-I’tiqadiyah)”. Sementara ayat-ayat tentang hukum halal – haram termasuk ayat muhkamat (jelas maknanya); sebagai lawan ayat mutasyabihat. Tulisan ini berusaha mengemukakan kandungan hukum Islam (hukum syara’) dalam ayat-ayat mutasyabihat. Hasilnya justuru menguatkan adanya ayat-ayat mutasyabihat pada lafal-lafal musykil, musytarak, dan mubham. Tema-tema ayat pun menjadi lebih jelas ketika dilihat dengan pendekatan substantif misalnya hukum poligami perkawinan, tradisi merusak tembok belakang rumah setelah umrah atau haji, hukum memerangi orang musyrik, makna quru’ bagi wanita yang ditinggal mati suami, hukum koalisi muslim dan non-muslim, dan lain- lain cenderung dikatakan ayat-ayat hukum justru lebih banyak mutasyabihatnya. Tujuannya diduga untuk mengokohkan keimanan kepada Allah dan agar universalitas Alquran tetap terpelihara
Intensive regimens of chemotherapy with hematopoetic stem cell rescue in paediatric patients with high-risk malignant tumors
Authors: Dinikina Y. V. , Morgacheva D. A. , Smirnova A. Y. , Toshina Yu. K. , Lapaeva S. I. , Egorov A. S. , Tereshina A. A. , Belogurova M. B. 
Published: August 2022

Background. One of the possible options to intensify therapy in patients with high-risk malignant tumors is high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous hematopoetic stem cell rescue. However, this method has a high risk of acute and delayed toxicity, and, sometimes doesn’t meet the expected effectiveness. This confirms the necessity of more considerate approach for choosing the category of patients for this therapeutic option with the determination of the most significant factors on the part of the patient and the type of malignant tumor.Objective. Analysis of the results of HDCT with autologous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children with high-risk solid malignancies, conducted in the Department of pediatric oncohematology and BMT of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center”.Design and methods. We perform a retrospective analysis of 55 cycles of HDCT with autologous hematopoetic stem cell rescue provided from 2017 to 2020 in 39 patients with high-risk malignant tumors. The toxicity and efficacy of the method were assessed taking into account the frequency of infectious complications, early post-transplant mortality, event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS).Results. The predominant category of patients were children with CNS tumors (61.5 %). Mean age of the patients was 2 years 9 months. At the time of HDCT 35.9% of patients were in complete remission (CR), 64.1 % had signs of active disease (AD). In 59% of patients, one course of HDCT was performed, in 41 % — tandem transplantation was performed according to the recommendations of the protocol for the treatment of the disease. The most common conditioning regimen was carboplatin + etoposide (27.3 %). The predominant source of hematopoietic stem cells were peripheral stem cells (87.3 %). The frequency of infectious complications in the post-transplant period was 100 %, neutropenic enterocolitis (61.8 %) and febrile neutropenia (34.5 %) were predominant. A high frequency of reactivation of CMV infection (25.4 %) was noted, meanwhile CMV disease occurred in 35.7 % of cases. The most important prognostic factor was the disease status at the time of HDCT. 2-year OS incidence of 85.7 % vs 65.3% and EFS 85.7 % vs 39 % in patients with CR and AD respectively. After completing the course of HDCT with autologous HSCT 94.8 % of patients continued anticancer therapy.Conclusion. HDCT with autologous HSCT demonstrates a satisfactory toxicity profile and can improve OS and EFS in children with high-risk malignant tumors. A reliable prognostic factor that determines the effectiveness of the method is the disease status at the time of HDCT.
Challenges for Western Balkan Countries Regional Integration: the Case of North Macedonia
Authors: Toshevska-Trpchevska Katerina , Disoska Elena Makrevska , Kikerkova Irena , Tonovska Jasna 
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to elaborate on the possibilities that increased regional integration initiatives can have in boosting mutual trade among the countries in the Western Balkans region, such as: creating a Regional Economic Area by 2023; the creation of a Common Regional Market based on EU rules in the period 2021-2024 and the initiative “Open Balkan” created between North Macedonia, Serbia, and Albania for enabling free movement of goods and free movement of workers. For our research, the gravity model of trade for North Macedonia covering the period 2005-2020 is applied. The influence of bilateral and regional trade agreements on the country’s trade is analyzed. The results have shown that for North Macedonia, CEFTA-2006 membership has higher significance for increasing trade when compared to the agreement signed with the EU and to the other bilateral free trade agreements signed with EFTA, Turkey, and Ukraine. This paper point out that deepening trade integration through different regional initiatives could have a positive influence on increasing mutual trade.
Addressing gender-based violence in Peru: Citizenship and critical issues. The Women's Emergency Center (CEM) technicians’ point of view
Authors: Del Pino Espejo Maria José , Sánchez-Tovar Ligia , Soto Arango Diana Elvira , Villalba Karina 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To understand critical issues faced by the technical staff working in the Women's Emergency Centers (CEM) in Peru, when assisting women victims of gender violence.
Originality/support: Valuable information is provided on the assistance provided to women victims of gender-based violence in the MECs. This information is very useful for decision making, aimed at improving the work and effectiveness of the performance of the technicians in the centers. It highlights a situation that has been little studied and serves as a reference for other realities in the international Latin American context.
Method: A qualitative research approach was used to inform the proposed aims. Forty-one technicians from the Women's Emergency Centers (CEM) in Peru participated in the study. The results revealed that the critical issues perceived by the technical staff were working with material and travel limitations, work overload that made it difficult to care for victims, delays in the treatment of cases of gender-based violence and revictimization of the victim. In addition, dealing with a macho cultural framework that masks the situations and with religious and linguistic diversity.
Conclusions: It is concluded that it is necessary to view gender violence with a focus on citizenship and gender justice that under the principles of equality, respect for human rights and defense of cultural diversity, without incurring in a paternalistic action.
A 50-years flood frequency in Coastal area of Java, Indonesia: Integrating historical hotspot and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
Authors: Sejati Anang Wahyu , Buchori Imam , Lakshita Nattaya Mlatti , Wiratmaja I.G. Andika , Ulfiana Desyta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper re-examines the facts of the influence of urban development that developed in Java on the occurrence of floods that started from 1970 to 2020. The purpose of this paper is to prove whether development policies in Indonesia in the last 50 years and to analyze the correlation between flood event, population growth, and urbanization on a wider regional scale. The Moran-I Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis method is applied to simulate the spatial pattern of flood events with combined results from satellite image interpretation with Spatial-temporal analysis from the 1970s to the 2020s. In more detail, the results of hotspot clusters show development from "lower-low" dispersion in the 70s to areas with a majority of "higher-high" clustered in 2000-2020. It proves that the burden of development in Java is in high category impact, so solutions for population distribution, land development, and spatial planning are needed to ensure environmental sustainability in Java.
A Cross Sectional Study On Molecular Prevalence Of Virulent Genes Of Calves Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli And Bacterial Resistance Profile To Antimicrobials In Selected Towns Of South Wollo Administrative Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Fentaw Hussen , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay , Genet Solomon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli is a known normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract frequently used as model for various research trials. Potential gain and loss of virulent genes enable it to become pathogenic and causes calf diarrhea while beneficial ones subsidize vitamin K2. These virulent genes are found on plasmids, genomes or integrated on bacteriophages and horizontal gene transfer plays in its epidemiology. This study was conducted to identify virulence genes informative to four pathogenic strains of E. coli and study their antibiotic resistance patterns to eleven antimicrobials.Results: 100 (81.3%) pure isolates of E. coli were harvested, of which, 23 (29.9%) isolates carried one or more of the tested virulent genes. stx1 (18.2%), stx2 (9.1%), eae (11.7%), hlyA (1.3%) were the detected virulent genes with their respective frequency. However, no isolates were detected for bfpA and aatA genes. Virulent genes were detected in 2-4 weeks aged calves at significantly higher order (P ≤ 0.05). Calves housed with their dam and those given supplement feed were significantly associated with detected genes (P ≤ 0.05). From samples processed using PCR, 14 (18.2%) were confirmed as STEC strain, 5 (6.5%) of EHEC and 4 (5.2%) of EPEC. Most isolates were resistant to sulfonamide, clindamycine, ampicillin, Oxytetracyclne, trimethoprime and streptomycin and sensitive to nitrfurantoin, gentamycin, neomycin, clorampfenicol and ciprofloxacine. Conclusion: Zoonotic STEC and EHEC strains are collectively found highest and implies reservoir of calves to both farm animals and humans. Poor farm hygiene and frequent use of limited antibiotics was a problem observed. As a consequence, farms hygiene as well as spatial and temporal distribution of E. coli should be concerned. Additionally, Antibiotics should alternatively be used to avoid resistance.
Construction and Empirical Testing of Comprehensive Risk Evaluation Methods from a Multi-dimensional Risk Matrix Perspective: Taking Specific Types of Natural Disasters Risk in China as an Example
Authors: Li Jimei , Wang Yunhui , Chen An , Wang Guanghui , Yao Xiaohui , Wang Tongtong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Global climate change, continuous economic development and accelerated urbanization have increased the frequency and complexity of various incidents. Risk assessment is an important means to deal with different crises and incidents. Based on the systematic analysis of the basic connotation, attribute relationship and main contents of risk assessment, this study extends the traditional two-dimensional risk matrix to multi-dimensional risk matrix. On this basis, this study further proposes four comprehensive risk assessment methods, including total ordinal, weighted average, Euclidean distance and two-norm methods. Empirical research was conducted by selecting three types of natural disasters, regional agro-meteorological disasters, geological disasters and forest fires, in 30 related regions in China between 2010 and 2019. The results indicated that compared to the two-dimensional risk matrix, the multi-dimensional risk matrix can intuitively characterise and compare the all-round risk situation of different regions, periods, types and dimensions, which is more helpful for a systematic analysis and risk comparison. All four evaluation methods proposed in this paper proved able to effectively conduct comprehensive regional risk evaluations with consistent results. However, when considering the fitting coefficient between the results obtained by various evaluation methods and the comprehensive evaluation results, it can be found that the accuracy (i.e. fitting coefficient) of Euclidean distance method is significantly higher than that of the other three methods. In the last 10 years, the temporal order of natural disaster risk in China has been more volatile, with Beijing, Shanxi, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Ningxia, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Fujian and Gansu experiencing higher volatility in the ranking of natural disaster risk.
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for Ground-based Lightning Locating System (GLLS) in Johor, Malaysia: Hazard mitigation implications
Authors: Mehranzamir Kamyar , POUR AMIN BEIRANVAND ,   Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek3 Abdul-Malek3, Afrouzi Hadi Nabipour , Lee Duehee , Rahimi Negar , Alizadeh Seyed Morteza , Alizadeh Mohsen , Pradhan Biswajeet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The cloud to ground (CG) lightning has negative impacts on humans and properties. A lightning strike is a great concern to mankind and industry because of its detrimental impact on human safety, hazard, and equipment failures. There are different lightning detection methods, including time difference of arrival (TDOA) and magnetic direction finding (MDF). Using combined techniques is an innovative approach to achieve higher location accuracy and detection efficiency of lightning flashes. In this investigation, a Lightning locating system (LLS) was designed and implemented at University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia to detect the cloud to ground lightning discharges in a study area of 400 km2. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied in this study as the combination mediator to find the optimum point of the lightning strike. The PSO was initialized by 30 particles based on the results of the MDF and TDOA methods. The performance of the PSO-based algorithm is known to be affected by the arrangement of the searching process. The results of the detected lightning strikes by the PSO-based LLS were validated using an industrial lightning detection system for December and March. In addition, the whole study area was divided into 36 equal sections to analyze the abundance of CG discharges in each section. From the experimental data, the mean distance differences between the PSO-based LLS and the industrial LLS inside the study area varied from 0 to 573 m. Therefore, the proposed PSO-based LLS is efficient and accurate to detect and map the lightning discharges occurring within the coverage area. Although an industrial LLS monitors a large area or a country with several sensors, the detected lightning discharges and the statistical data analysis of the captured flashes are not obtainable by public individuals. Meanwhile, estimation and localization of lightning strikes are necessary for the public to mitigate the problems related to lightning discharges. Moreover, this study will be significant for the researchers, the insurance companies, and public users to be aware of the detected storms and estimation of imminent rainfalls. The PSO-based LLS provides an accurate lightning detection system for a specific local region and can be implemented to regional scale in other parts of the world.