bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking with Jesuit Saints: The Canonization of Ignatius Loyola and Francis Xavier in Context
Authors: Ditchfield Simon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The significance of the two founder saints to the contribution made by Jesuit missionaries, many of whom became martyrs, to the making of Roman Catholicism as a world religion, was made explicit not at the canonization ceremony itself, nor in the celebratory processions made through the streets of Rome, but in events and decorations put up within spaces controlled by the Jesuits themselves at the Gesù, the Collegio Romano, and the novitiate of S. Andrea al Quirinale. This points to the wider phenomenon, pursued in complementary fashion in the six essays that follow: that how one “became” a saint and came to enjoy a cult (then as now) has more to do with particular, local appropriation and interpretation (including Rome itself) than with official papal, universal approbation.
The Small-Scale Instability of the Air–Water Interface Responsible for the Bag-Breakup Fragmentation
Authors: Troitskaya Yuliya , Kandaurov Alexander , Ermakova Olga , Kozlov Dmitry , Zotova Anna , Sergeev Daniil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The “bag breakup” fragmentation is the dominant mechanism for spume droplet production in high winds, which substantially affects the ocean–atmosphere exchange processes. The amount of droplets ejected from the surface, as well as their typical sizes, is prescribed by the surface wind velocity and fetch. The corresponding empirical correlations were obtained only for the limited parameters of the laboratory environment. The applicability range can be extended through the construction of a theoretical model that describes the initiation of the bag-breakup fragmentation, estimates the fragmenting liquid volume prescribing the droplet sizes, and determines the dependence on the wind parameters. This paper presents such a model. First, we conducted linear stability analysis of small-scale disturbances at the water surface under a high wind; this showed that the small-scale ripples (about 1 cm) propagating against the wind in the surface wind drift following the reference frame grew fast due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, when the wind friction velocity
exceeded the threshold of about 1 m s−1. Given the weak dispersion, the nonlinear stage of evolution was addressed using the Riemann simple wave equation modified to describe the increasing disturbances. The analytical solution for the equation suggested the scaling of the volume of liquid undergoing the bag-breakup fragmentation and its dependence on
in agreement with the laboratory data. Using the scaling, we calculated the statistics of the bag-breakup fragmentation based on the lognormal size distribution of the fragmenting objects.

Significance Statement
The “bag breakup” fragmentation is the dominant mechanism for generating spray in hurricane winds. The parameters of spray droplets substantially affect the exchange processes between the ocean and the atmosphere and, thereby, the development of sea storms. The rapid process of spray generation can only be studied in laboratory environments using sophisticated experimental techniques. To apply the laboratory data to field conditions, we need a theoretical model that describes the threshold for fragmentation initiation, the fragmenting liquid volume, which scales the size and number of spray droplets, their dependence on wind parameters, etc. In the present work, we suggest a simple analytical model of the bag-breakup initiation, verify it in the laboratory experiment, and suggest the statistical description of the fragmentation events.
Is extrathoracic metastasis screening necessary for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Motono Nozomu , Yamagishi Shigeki , Koizumi Kiyoshi , Uramoto Hidetaka 
Published: March 2022

Background: Detecting distant metastases when staging lung cancer is critical to avoid unnecessary surgery and provide appropriate multidisciplinary treatment. However, it is controversial as to whether staging studies should be performed routinely for patients with early-stage lung cancer who have no evidence of distant metastasis. Thus, this study aimed to examine the need for extrathoracic metastasis screening in patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer, understand the association between extrathoracic metastasis and other clinical features, and evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of imaging screening for preoperative extrathoracic metastasis in patients with early-stage lung cancer. Methods: From 2010 to 2019, 510 patients diagnosed with clinical T1N0 lung cancer, excluding contralateral lung metastases, pleural dissemination, malignant pleural effusion, and malignant pericardial effusion, were treated for primary lung cancer. Patients were divided into two groups, and their clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. Results: Five patients (1.0%) had extrathoracic metastases. The histological types were adenocarcinoma in three of the cases, and squamous cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the other two cases. The T factor was T1b in one case and T1c in four cases. Four patients had solid tumors and one had a solid predominant tumor with an average tumor diameter of 23.0 ± 2.9 mm. The size of solid tumors with extrathoracic metastases was larger than their counterparts. Conclusion: When evaluating stage IA non-small cell lung cancer with a solid component diameter < 22 mm, or clinical T1mi-1bN0 in computed tomography evaluation, screening for preoperative extrathoracic metastasis may be omitted.
Death doulas as supportive companions in end-of-life care: A scoping review
Authors: Yoong Si Qi , Goh Hongli Sam , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2022

Background: Death doulas have gained greater attention recently by offering psychosocial, spiritual and other non-clinical support for patients with time-limiting diseases, including their families, with the potential to complement existing end-of-life care services. However, their roles, scope of practice and care impact remain poorly understood. Aim: To describe existing knowledge on death doulas regarding their roles, care impact, training and regulation. Design: This scoping review utilised Levac et al.’s framework and textual narrative synthesis to summarise the findings. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from inception to 20 May 2021. Empirical studies, narrative reports, unpublished theses and studies in English were included. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Death doulas take on diverse roles in end-of-life care. Their roles include providing psychosocial, spiritual, practical support, companionship and resource navigation. The positive impacts of engaging a death doula include continuous presence, holistic service and flexible payment regime. The negative aspects include role inconsistencies and confusion among healthcare professionals and the public. Conclusions: Death doulas can augment existing end-of-life care services by providing holistic and personalised care services at home or hospital settings. Their roles are still evolving and remain mostly unregulated, with little evidence about their impact. There is a need for more rigorous studies to explore healthcare professionals’ views about this role and examine the clinical outcomes among dying persons and their families.
Trapped in a double cage: How patients’ partners experience the diagnosis of advanced cancer in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Opsomer Sophie , Joossens Sofie , De Lepeleire Jan , Pype Peter , Lauwerier Emelien 
Published: March 2022

Background: When confronting a partner’s diagnosis of advanced cancer, family caregivers are often protected against severe psychological illness by their mental resilience. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic endangers this resilience through the daily threat of contagion exposure, viral transmission, isolation, and fear of death. Aim: To examine the experiences of partners caring for a person with advanced cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Twelve partners (all under the age of 65) of persons newly diagnosed with advanced cancer immediately before or during the pandemic were interviewed. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used in analyzing the data. Findings: Partners experience the COVID-19 pandemic as “living in a double cage.” Due to pandemic mandates and restrictions, the pace of their lives slows. However, COVID-19 does not slow the progression of the cancer, nor does it allow for an escape from the cancer. The pandemic has a significant impact on several elements of resilience. Nevertheless, the participants succeed in adapting and coping in a balanced and creative way despite the new challenges imposed by the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic challenges one’s resilience, a process that, under normal circumstances, may evolve while caring for a partner diagnosed with advanced cancer. Although most partners seem to cope adaptively with both advanced cancer and COVID-19, healthcare professionals should be aware of the risk of exhaustion. Furthermore, it can be presupposed that threatened, contextual factors that may support resilience should be preserved to increase the chances for a resilient outcome.
In vivo and in vitro performances of chitosan-coated Mg–Zn–Zr–Gd–Ca alloys as bone biodegradable materials in rat models
Authors: Zheng Qiuxia , Wang Zhanhui , Sun Zongbin , Wen Jiuba , Duan Tinghe , Zhang Bingbing 
Published: March 2022

Mg alloys have attracted significant attention as promising biomedical materials, specifically as fixation materials for promoting fracture healing. However, their unsatisfactory corrosion resistances hinder further clinical applications and thus require attention. This study aims to determine the performance of novel chitosan-coated Mg–1Zn–0.3Zr–2Gd–1Ca alloy and its ability to promote the healing of osteoporotic fractures. Moreover, its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were assessed. Performance degradations of the samples were measured via electrochemical tests, weight loss test and morphological analysis, and the uncoated and chitosan-coated fixations were compared based on their effects on biocompatibility via the cytotoxicity test, X-rays, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The effect of bone growth and healing was investigated via immunohistochemical test. Results of the electrochemical tests indicated that compared with the bare body, chitosan-coated Mg–Zn–Ca–Zr–Gd alloys improved by one order of magnitude. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and weight loss test demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the chitosan-coated Mg alloy is better than that of the uncoated alloy. In addition, cytotoxicity analysis indicated that the viability and morphology of the chitosan-coated alloy groups were superior to the uncoated groups in vitro. During in vivo analysis, chitosan-coated and uncoated Mg–1Zn–0.3Zr–2Gd–1Ca alloys were implanted into ovariectomized SD female rats with osteoporotic fractures for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. No displacement and shedding were observed through X-rays, and pathological analyses proved that the material was not harmful for liver and kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the chitosan-coated Mg–Zn–Ca–Zr–Gd alloy material contributed to the healing of osteoporotic fractures in the SD rat models. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the chitosan-coated Mg–Zn–Ca–Zr–Gd alloys have improved corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the alloy was found to accelerate the healing of osteoporotic fractures in SD rat models. Therefore, it has significant potential as a fixation material for osteoporotic fractures.
A Comparison of Ultrasound Imaging Texture Analyses During the Early Postpartum With the Mode of Delivery
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyoung , Joo Eunwook , Kim Seongbeen , Cho Iseop , Lee Kyong-No , Kim Hyeon Ji , Kim Bohyoung , Park Jee Yoon 
Published: March 2022

Background: Breastfeeding is beneficial to infants. However, cesarean section is reported to be a risk factor for unsuccessful breastfeeding. Research Aims: (1) To extract discriminating data from texture analysis of breast ultrasound images in the immediate postpartum period; and (2) to compare the analysis results according to delivery mode. Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective non-experimental design with a questionnaire and observational components was used. Participants ( N = 30) were women who delivered neonates at a center from September 2020 to December 2020. The participants underwent ultrasound examination of bilateral breasts 7–14 days after delivery. Ultrasound images were collected for texture analysis. A questionnaire about breastfeeding patterns was given to the participants on the day of the ultrasound examination. Results: No significant differences were found in texture analysis between the breasts of participants who had undergone Cesarean section and vaginal deliveries. The mean volume of total human milk produced in 1 day was significantly greater in the vaginal delivery group than in the cesarean section group ( M = 350.87 ml, SD = 183.83 vs. M = 186.20 ml, SD = 184.02; p = .017). The pain score due to breast engorgement measured subjectively by participants was significantly lower in the vaginal delivery group than in the cesarean section group ( M = 2.8, SD = 0.86 vs. M = 3.4, SD = 0.63; p = .047). Conclusion: Texture analysis of breast ultrasound images did not demonstrate difference between the cesarean section and vaginal delivery groups in the immediate postpartum period; nevertheless, cesarean section was independently associated with less successful breastfeeding.
Investigating different types of fluids in pulsating heat pipes for improving heat transfer in an air-cooled heat exchanger
Authors: Alizadeh Araz , Movahedi Parsa , Mirzahosseini Seyyedalireza , Ekhtiari Solmaz 
Published: March 2022

Air-cooled heat exchangers are utilized in various industries to cool process fluids. To have a better heat transfer, fins are used in the structure of exchangers. In this study, a set of experiments were performed to investigate the improvement in the amount of heat transfer in an air-cooled heat exchanger. For this purpose, a real case study was conducted on air-coolers in a natural gas compressor station; afterward, the finned tubes were replaced by pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), and a different type of fluid was applied to the pulsating heat pipes. The laboratory system was set up to measure the overall heat transfer coefficient under two conditions involving either finned tubes or a PHP with R134, R22, and filled acetone fluids. Finally, the results were verified by the theory method. The results showed that all the three fluid agents (R134, R22, and Acetone) with natural convection of 9.94 m/s, an inlet fluid velocity of 5.54 m/s, and an average feed velocity were able to enhance the heat transfer coefficient by 10, 13, and 11%, respectively. In addition, compared with finned tubes, R134, R22, and Acetone improved the natural convection heat transfer coefficient by 22.2, 18.6, and 21.7%, respectively.
Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Accordance Among Hypertensive Adults
Authors: Lou Sophia P. , Han Dingfen , Kuczmarski Marie F. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B. , Crews Deidra C. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Health literacy (HL) and health numeracy (HN), the ability to interpret and act on quantitative health information, are important for hypertension self-management such as limiting sodium intake. We examined associations of HL, HN, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet accordance. Participants: Among 1,073 hypertensive adults enrolled in a Baltimore, Maryland–based cohort study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis. Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) measured HL and Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) numeracy score measured HN. Method: DASH accordance was based on nine key nutrients. Linear regression models estimated associations of HL and HN with DASH total and sodium score, inclusive of dietary supplement data. Results: In our sample, 39% of participants were male, 66% were Black, 40.2% lived in poverty, and 29.5% reported food insecurity. Fully, 32.5% had limited HL and 14.5% had limited HN. Mean DASH score overall was 2 (range = 0–7.5); only 6.9% were DASH accordant (score ≥4.5). In age and sex adjusted models, higher REALM was associated with a higher DASH score in the overall sample; the relationship of HN with DASH was statistically significant among White but not Black participants. Educational attainment appeared to explain both findings. There were no significant associations between HL or HN and DASH sodium scores. Conclusion: Differences in educational attainment explained the relation of higher HL and greater accordance to the DASH diet in a population of hypertensive adults. Understanding these factors is vital to reducing disparities in hypertension and its sequelae.
Success of iOCT in surgical management of ERM peeling
Authors: Lorusso Massimo , Micelli Ferrari Luisa , Gisotti Eleni Nikolopoulou , Zito Roberta , Bordinone Marco Antonio , Anna Ferretta , Micelli Ferrari Tommaso 
Published: March 2022

Purpose Epiretinal membranes (ERM) are a disorder leading to progressive vision loss and metamorphopsia. The ERM is treated through a pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peeling. The aim of this study was to define the success of intraoperative optical coherence tomography ( iOCT) in ERM surgery to standard surgical visualization techniques and enhance our current approach to clinical practice. Methods This study included 56 eyes of 54 patients who underwent surgical intervention for management of idiopathic ERM. Patients were recruited between February 2018 and March 2020 at “Francesco Miulli” Hospital ophthalmology department in Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy. Results in 28 eyes, ERM peeling was performed without staining and without iOCT; 25% of these eyes peeling ERM (n   =   7) was performed easily, while 75% of eyes peeling ERM (n   =   21) was not possible without staining and was necessary staining with Brillant Blu G. In 28 eyes ERM peeling were performed with iOCT; in 92.5% of these eyes (n   =   26) ERM peeling was easily done without staining, while in 7.5% of this group of eyes (n   =   2) ERM peeling was not possible without staining. Conclusions Our study shows how iOCT has successfully assisted the surgeon to complete peeling in most of the cases treated without the use of a chromovitrectomy dye; in flat ERM was more difficult and iOCT failed to visualize the inner limiting membrane (ILM).
Correlation between global prevalence of vision impairment and depressive disorders
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Parya , Ghasemi Falavarjani Khalil 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To assess the correlation of the worldwide prevalence of visual impairment and depressive disorders. Methods This is an ecologic study on Global Burden of Disease 2019 data. Global and national prevalence numbers and rates of vision impairment (VI) and depressive disorders were obtained from database. The human development index (HDI) and socio-demographic index (SDI) were derived from international open databases. Main outcome measures were the correlation of the VI and depressive disorders in total and different age, sex, and socioeconomic subgroups. Results In 2019, the worldwide prevalence of total VI and total depressive disorders were 9.6% (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 8.0–11.3) and 3.8% (95% UI: 3.4-4.2), respectively. The prevalence rates of total VI (r = 0.38, P < 0.001) as well as cataract (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (r = 0.32, P < 0.001), refractive disorders (r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and near vision loss (r = 0.33, P < 0.001) correlated, positively, with dysthymia. In addition, the prevalence rates of glaucoma (r for total depressive disorders = 0.37, P < 0.001 and r for major depressive disorders (MDD) = 0.38, P < 0.001) and AMD (r for total depressive disorders = 0.37, P < 0.001 and r for MDD = 0.28, P < 0.001) had a positive correlation with MDD and total depressive disorders. The correlations remained significant in sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between national prevalence rates of VI and ocular disabilities with depressive disorders, worldwide.
Self Reported Hearing Impairments and Associated Risk Factors Among Metal and Woodwork Workers in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Worede Eshetu Abera , Yalew Walelegn Worku , Wami Sintayehu Daba 
Published: March 2022

Background: The global prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss ranges between 16% and 24%. The wood and metalwork industries have recently expanded in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the level of noise exposure and the prevalence of self-reported hearing impairments and associated risk factors among metal and woodworkers in Gondar town Ethiopia. Material and Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 metal and woodwork workers from February10 to March 25/2020. The data were collected through an interviewer-led questioner and the noise level measurement. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used. P-values less than .05 and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95%CI were used to declare the presence and strength of an association respectively. Result: The mean (SD) average noise exposure level in the wood and metalworking industries was 96.9 ± 3.5 dBA and 96.2 ± 4 dBA, respectively. The overall prevalence of self-reported hearing impairment was 20.7% [95%CI: (17.4-24)]. In an adjusted Poisson regression, listening to music with earphones for more than 2 hours per day (PR = 2.95, 95%CI: 1.32, 6.21) and listening to music at maximum volume (PR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.05, 4.79) were associated with hearing impairments. Conclusion: The majority of workers are exposed to noise levels that exceed OSHA’s permissible exposure limit value. A hearing conservation program should be implemented to reduce noise exposure levels in the wood and metal work industries. Workers should be aware of the duration and volume of recreational noise exposure.