bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vermittlungsarbeit und Bewertungswissen
Authors: Berli Oliver , Alberth Lars 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie bewertungssoziologische Analyse von Genussmitteln orientiert sich primär an drei Forschungsprogrammen, die sich bislang theoretisch unvermittelt gegenüberstehen: Wirtschaftssoziologisch wird der Wert von Genussmitteln aus den strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen, Konventionen und Praktiken der Konsum- und Produktionswelten erschlossen. Kultursoziologisch werden Genussmittel hingegen als Objekt statusbezogenen Konsums untersucht, der die soziale Position und damit den sozialen Wert der Konsument*innen anzeigt. In ethnomethodologischer Perspektive kommen schließlich die Ausarbeitung und Anwendung von Vokabularen der Bewertung, Kennerschaft und des Geschmacks in den Blick. Wir versuchen diese drei Zugänge am Beispiel der Vermittlung des Kaffee-Schmeckens zusammenzuführen und körpersoziologisch zu akzentuieren. Empirischer Ausgangspunkt sind Feldbeobachtungen von Tastings. Diese Form der Vermittlungsarbeit stützt sich auf die gezielte Verknüpfung von sinnlichem Erleben (Schmecken des Kaffees) und diskursiver Kommunikation von Bewertungskategorien. Damit werden nicht nur geschmacks- und distinktionsfähige Körper sozialisiert, sondern auch die für das Fortbestehen der Röstereien notwendige Kundschaft produziert.
Combining Community Wastewater Genomic Surveillance with State Clinical Surveillance: A Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Public Health Practice
Authors: Smith Ted , Holm Rochelle H. , Yeager Ray , Moore Joseph B. , Rouchka Eric C. , Sokoloski Kevin J. , Elliott Erin M. , Talley Daymond , Arora Vaneet , Moyer Sarah , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a framework for combining community wastewater surveillance with state clinical surveillance for the confirmation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants within the community and to provide recommendations on how to expand on such research and apply the findings in public health responses. Wastewater samples were collected weekly from 17 geographically resolved locations in Louisville/Jefferson County, Kentucky (USA), from February 10 to December 13, 2021. Genomic surveillance and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) platforms were used to screen for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, and state clinical surveillance was used for confirmation. The study results highlighted an increased epidemiological value of combining community wastewater genomic surveillance and RT-qPCR with conventional case-auditing methods. The spatial scale and temporal frequency of wastewater sampling provided promising sensitivity and specificity for gaining public health screening insights about SARS-CoV-2 emergence, seeding, and spread in communities. Improved national surveillance systems are needed against future pathogens and variants, and wastewater-based genomic surveillance exhibits great potential when coupled with clinical testing. This paper presents evidence that complementary wastewater and clinical testing are cost-effectively enhanced when used in combination, as they provide a strong tool for a joint public health framework. Future pathogens of interest may be examined in either a targeted fashion or using a more global approach where all pathogens are monitored. This study has also provided novel insights developed from evidence-based public health practices.
Intelligence subcomponents and their relationship to general knowledge
Authors: Buades-Sitjar Francisco , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch on the different components of fluid intelligence and how they relate to each other is quite extensive. Meanwhile, when it comes to crystallized intelligence, only vocabulary size has been somewhat thoroughly studied, while other key components, such as general knowledge, remain largely unexplored. This study aims to further our understanding of general knowledge as a key component of crystallized intelligence, and of general intelligence as a whole, by exploring how it is influenced by other components of intelligence. To that end, we had 90 participants complete an extensive general knowledge questionnaire, as well as several tests aimed at measuring various components of intelligence, and computed linear regressions to examine how these various components influence general knowledge scores. Our results reveal that, even though general intelligence is able to predict general knowledge scores, only some specific components of intelligence have a direct positive impact on general knowledge. These findings are discussed in regard to intellectual investment theories on the relationship between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
Automated monitoring and warning solution for concrete placement and vibration workmanship quality issues
Authors: Lee Sanggyu , Skibniewski Miroslaw J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlacing and vibrating concrete are vital activities that affect its quality. The current monitoring method relies on visual and time-consuming feedbacks by project managers, which can be subjective. With this method, poor workmanship cannot be detected well on the spot; rather, the concrete is inspected and repaired after it becomes hardened. To address the problems of retroactive quality control measures and to achieve real-time quality assurance of concrete operations, this paper presents a monitoring and warning solution for concrete placement and vibration workmanship quality. Specifically, the solution allows for collecting and compiling real-time sensor data related to the workmanship quality and can send alerts to project managers when related parameters are out of the required ranges. This study consists of four steps: (1) identifying key operational factors (KOFs) which determine acceptable workmanship of concrete work; (2) reviewing and selecting an appropriate positioning technology for collecting the data of KOFs; (3) designing and programming modules for a solution that can interpret the positioning data and send alerts to project managers when poor workmanship is suspected; and (4) testing the solution at a certain construction site for validation by comparing the positioning and warning data with a video record. The test results show that the monitoring performance of concrete placement is accurate and reliable. Follow-up studies will focus on developing a communication channel between the proposed solution and concrete workers, so that feedbacks can be directly delivered to them.
Coloniality and Necropolitics in the Age of COVID-19: The Question of Palestine
Authors: Gabriel Robin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates the necropolitical logics of the Israeli settler-state apparatus towards Palestinians in the Occupied Territories during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines these logics and practices through the prism of coloniality, which conceptualizes manifestations of colonialism (whether material, epistemic, or ontological) as a diffuse set of practices, opening up the conversation to discuss the ways in which international organizations, other states, and the Palestinian Authority continue to inflict the colonial harm through the employment of particular policies. Centring coloniality as an analytic allows a more global perspective and widens the discussion to include the ways in which Palestinians practise decoloniality, building and imagining “otherwise” worlds. This article maps the ways in which the devastation of the pandemic is not a product of the pandemic itself, but larger legacies of material, epistemic, and ontological colonial intervention.
Social Identities Mediate the Relationship Between Isolation, Life Transitions, and Loneliness
Authors: Evans Olivia , Cruwys Tegan , Cárdenas Diana , Wu Betty , Cognian Alicia V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that life transitions lead to heightened experiences of loneliness, in part because they engender isolation. We tested whether the degree of isolation during a transition influences loneliness, and if this is due to their effects on social identity processes. Employing an experimental paradigm, Study 1 (N = 213) found that when the transition involved isolation from new networks, in this case studying at university online as opposed to in person, it led to more loneliness, and this was mediated through reduced social identification and continuity of group memberships. Study 2 (N = 215) replicated these effects using a different experimental paradigm in which the transition involved isolation from old group memberships, namely moving to a new neighbourhood from interstate. Study 3 (N = 2346) employed a quasi-experimental repeated-measures design to assess the impact of a highly isolating life transition on loneliness–COVID lockdown. Australians in prolonged lockdown experienced increases in loneliness and this was mediated through (lack of) continuity of group memberships. Overall, these results suggest that isolation needs to be considered when assessing the impact of life transitions on loneliness. Moreover, the mediation results indicate that isolating transitions may be responsible for loneliness because these make it difficult to maintain crucial group memberships and form a sense of identification with relevant new groups.
An analysis of the Clinical and Translational Science Award pilot project portfolio using data from Research Performance Progress Reports
Authors: Klein Sean A. , Baiocchi Michael , Rodu Jordan , Baker Heather , Rosemond Erica , Doyle Jamie Mihoko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Pilot projects (“pilots”) are important for testing hypotheses in advance of investing more funds for full research studies. For some programs, such as Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) supported by the National Center for Translational Sciences, pilots also make up a significant proportion of the research projects conducted with direct CTSA support. Unfortunately, administrative data on pilots are not typically captured in accessible databases. Though data on pilots are included in Research Performance Progress Reports, it is often difficult to extract, especially for large programs like the CTSAs where more than 600 pilots may be reported across all awardees annually. Data extraction challenges preclude analyses that could provide valuable information about pilots to researchers and administrators.

Methods:
To address those challenges, we describe a script that partially automates extraction of pilot data from CTSA research progress reports. After extraction of the pilot data, we use an established machine learning (ML) model to determine the scientific content of pilots for subsequent analysis. Analysis of ML-assigned scientific categories reveals the scientific diversity of the CTSA pilot portfolio and relationships among individual pilots and institutions.

Results:
The CTSA pilots are widely distributed across a number of scientific areas. Content analysis identifies similar projects and the degree of overlap for scientific interests among hubs.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate that pilot data remain challenging to extract but can provide useful information for communicating with stakeholders, administering pilot portfolios, and facilitating collaboration among researchers and hubs.
La confirmation des évolutions récentes du droit des mesures conservatoires par et devant la Cour internationale de Justice: remarques sur les ordonnances en indication de mesures conservatoires du 7 décembre 2021 dans les affaires relatives à l’Application de la convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (Arménie c Azerbaïdjan et Azerbaïdjan c Arménie)
Authors: MAUREL RAPHAËL 
Published: August 2022

RésuméLe 7 décembre 2021, la Cour internationale de Justice a rendu deux ordonnances attendues dans les affaires introduites par l’Arménie contre l’Azerbaïdjan et l’Azerbaïdjan contre l’Arménie. Elle y confirme une tendance à l’appréciation souple de certains critères d’indication des mesures conservatoires, comme celui de la plausibilité des droits allégués et des liens entre ceux-ci et les mesures requises, voire à la marginalisation d’autres critères, comme celui du caractère irréparable du préjudice invoqué. Bien que la cour de La Haye poursuive, au fil de sa jurisprudence, la construction du droit des mesures conservatoires, la manière dont elle mobilise ces critères continue ainsi de susciter des interrogations et critiques.
Conjugacy of local homeomorphisms via groupoids and C*-algebras
Authors: ARMSTRONG BECKY , BRIX KEVIN AGUYAR , CARLSEN TOKE MEIER , EILERS SØREN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate dynamical systems consisting of a locally compact Hausdorff space equipped with a partially defined local homeomorphism. Important examples of such systems include self-covering maps, one-sided shifts of finite type and, more generally, the boundary-path spaces of directed and topological graphs. We characterize the topological conjugacy of these systems in terms of isomorphisms of their associated groupoids and C*-algebras. This significantly generalizes recent work of Matsumoto and of the second- and third-named authors.
Simple analytical solutions for the , , and related queues
Authors: Van Houdt Benny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we revisit some classical queueing systems such as the M
$^b$
/E
$_k$
/1/m and E
$_k$
/M
$^b$
/1/m queues, for which fast numerical and recursive methods exist to study their main performance measures. We present simple explicit results for the loss probability and queue length distribution of these queueing systems as well as for some related queues such as the M
$^b$
/D/1/m queue, the D/M
$^b$
/1/m queue, and fluid versions thereof. In order to establish these results we first present a simple analytical solution for the invariant measure of the M/E
$_k$
/1 queue that appears to be new.
Nutritional adequacy of commercial food products targeted at 0–36-month-old children: a study in Brazil and Portugal
Authors: De Araújo Célia Regina Barbosa , Rocha Karini Freire , Carneiro Byanca , Ribeiro Karla Danielly da Silva , de Morais Inês Lança , Breda João , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the context of the global childhood obesity, it is essential to monitor the nutrition value of commercial foods. A cross-sectional study (November 2018 to April 2019) aimed to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of processed/ultra-processed food products targeted at 0–36-month-old children in Portugal and in Brazil. The nutrient profiling model developed by the Pan American Health Organization was used. A total of food 171 products were assessed (123 in Portugal and forty eight in Brazil). From the fifteen available meat- or fish-based meals in Brazil, 60 % exceeded the amount of Na and 100 % exceeded the target for total fat. Given the lack of specification of sugars within carbohydrates in the label of the foods in Brazil, it was not possible to calculate free sugars. In Portugal, from the seventeen fruit and vegetable purees and the six juice/smoothie/tea/drinks available, 82 % and 67 %, respectively, surpassed the level of free sugar, while total and saturated fat was excessive in all yogurt and yogurt-related products (n 21), 40 % of biscuit/wafer/crisps (two out of five) and 13 % meat- or fish-based meals (two out of sixteen). These findings demonstrate the relevance of improving the nutritional profile of some food products targeted to young children.
Towards fast and accurate predictions of radio frequency power deposition and current profile via data-driven modelling: applications to lower hybrid current drive
Authors: Wallace G.M. , Bai Z. , Sadre R. , Perciano T. , Bertelli N. , Shiraiwa S. , Bethel E.W. , Wright J.C. 
Published: August 2022

Three machine learning techniques (multilayer perceptron, random forest and Gaussian process) provide fast surrogate models for lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) simulations. A single GENRAY/CQL3D simulation without radial diffusion of fast electrons requires several minutes of wall-clock time to complete, which is acceptable for many purposes, but too slow for integrated modelling and real-time control applications. The machine learning models use a database of more than 16 000 GENRAY/CQL3D simulations for training, validation and testing. Latin hypercube sampling methods ensure that the database covers the range of nine input parameters ($n_{e0}$,$T_{e0}$,$I_p$,$B_t$,$R_0$,$n_{\|}$,$Z_{{\rm eff}}$,$V_{{\rm loop}}$and$P_{{\rm LHCD}}$) with sufficient density in all regions of parameter space. The surrogate models reduce the inference time from minutes to$\sim$ms with high accuracy across the input parameter space.
Social network size and personality traits independently and prospectively predict distress disorders and suicidal behavior in U.S. Army soldiers
Authors: Taylor Charles T. , Campbell-Sills Laura , Kessler Ronald C. , Sun Xiaoying , Nock Matthew K. , Ursano Robert J. , Jain Sonia , Stein Murray B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersonality traits (e.g. neuroticism) and the social environment predict risk for internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior. Studying these characteristics together and prospectively within a population confronted with high stressor exposure (e.g. U.S. Army soldiers) has not been done, yet could uncover unique and interactive predictive effects that may inform prevention and early intervention efforts.MethodsFive broad personality traits and social network size were assessed via self-administered questionnaires among experienced soldiers preparing for deployment (N = 4645) and new soldiers reporting for basic training (N = 6216). Predictive models examined associations of baseline personality and social network variables with recent distress disorders or suicidal behaviors assessed 3- and 9-months post-deployment and approximately 5 years following enlistment.ResultsAmong the personality traits, elevated neuroticism was consistently associated with increased mental health risk following deployment. Small social networks were also associated with increased mental health risk following deployment, beyond the variance accounted for by personality. Limited support was found for social network size moderating the association between personality and mental health outcomes. Small social networks also predicted distress disorders and suicidal behavior 5 years following enlistment, whereas unique effects of personality traits on these more distal outcomes were rare.ConclusionsHeightened neuroticism and small social networks predict a greater risk for negative mental health sequelae, especially following deployment. Social ties may mitigate adverse impacts of personality traits on psychopathology in some contexts. Early identification and targeted intervention for these distinct, modifiable factors may decrease the risk of distress disorders and suicidal behavior.
Symbiosis in violence: A case study from Sierra Leone of the international humanitarian law implications of parties to the conflict engaging in organized crime
Authors: Longworth Sally 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article aims to demonstrate that respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) may help reduce the impact of organized crime in areas affected by armed conflict through a case study of the conflict in Sierra Leone (1991–2002). In this conflict, a symbiosis in violence was created, with diamond smuggling being essential to achieve the parties’ military objectives, and those objectives being increasingly shaped by involvement in diamond smuggling. This led to further violence connected with the conflict and breaches of IHL. Ensuring compliance with IHL may therefore reduce the impact of these activities in armed conflicts. An important tool in securing this compliance is the influence of other States not party to the conflict, further to their obligation to ensure respect for IHL.
No context is too challenging: Promoting, doing and achieving inclusion in the humanitarian response in South Sudan
Authors: Funke Carolin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisability inclusion has become a crucial issue for humanitarian action, at least at the international policy level. However, little is known about how humanitarian actors are “doing inclusion” in practice. With a case study on South Sudan, this article examines whether the increase in publications, policy tools and guidelines has made humanitarian action more inclusive for persons with disabilities, and how stakeholders can overcome persisting barriers for persons with disabilities. The article demonstrates noticeable progress in data collection, capacity-building, the removal of barriers and meaningful participation, but humanitarians still lack the skills, confidence and resources to address many persisting barriers. To advance inclusion, donors and humanitarian organizations must invest more time and resources in capacity-building and coordination.
Large-Scale Evidence for the Effectiveness of Partisan GOTV Robo Calls
Authors: Kling Daniel T. , Stratmann Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe document the effectiveness of automated (robo) calls for increasing voter participation in contrast to most published research which finds little or no effect from automated calls. We establish this finding in a large field experiment which mimics campaign behavior with a targeted, partisan get-out-the-vote campaign. Our findings show that across all treatments, automated calls led to three additional votes for every thousand subjects called during the 2014 midterm general election. Additionally, our experimental design allows for testing how the number of calls in a treatment, that is dosage, affects voter turnout. Here, results show that three extra calls increase the treatment effect to seven additional votes per thousand subjects called, but that too many additional calls decrease that effect to statistical insignificance in a six-call treatment.
Deciphering China's Complex Pattern of Summer Precipitation Trends
Authors: Li Mei , Li Chao , Jiang Zhihong , Zhang Xuebin , Zwiers Francis W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservations show that summer precipitation in China has undergone pronounced changes, resulting in an enigmatic “north‐south drying‐wetting” pattern in eastern China that is of great concern for socio‐economic development. Scientific consensus on the mechanisms that are responsible for this pattern of change has not yet been achieved. We show that this complex pattern of summer total precipitation trends observed in China since the 1960s is overwhelmingly the result of changes in daily precipitation frequency, rather than being the result of changes in precipitation intensity or the frequency of synoptic circulation patterns favorable to precipitation. Changes in precipitation intensity, which are very likely due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing, contribute a relatively homogeneous wetting tendency across the country while changes due to synoptic circulation change are weak. The changes in daily precipitation frequency that drive the observed patterns of change may be due to aerosols, but improved process understanding will be required to resolve that question and enable reliable projections of regional scale precipitation change in China and elsewhere.