bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOGandAQP4Antibodies among Children with Multiple Sclerosis and Controls
Authors: Gaudioso Cristina M. , Mar Soe , Casper T. Charles , Codden Rachel , Nguyen Adam , Aaen Gregory , Benson Leslie , Chitnis Tanuja , Francisco Carla , Gorman Mark P. , Goyal Manu S. , Graves Jennifer , Greenberg Benjamin M , Hart Janace , Krupp Lauren , Lotze Timothy , Narula Sona , Pittock Sean J. , Rensel Mary , Rodriguez Moses , Rose John , Schreiner Teri , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Waldman Amy , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Wheeler Yolanda , Waubant Emmanuelle , Flanagan Eoin P. ,   United States Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐IgG and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐IgG among patients with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and healthy controls, to determine whether seropositive cases fulfilled their respective diagnostic criteria, to compare characteristics and outcomes in children with POMS versus MOG‐IgG‐associated disease (MOGAD), and identify clinical features associated with final diagnosis.MethodsPatients with POMS and healthy controls were enrolled at 14 US sites through a prospective case–control study on POMS risk factors. Serum AQP4‐IgG and MOG‐IgG were assessed using live cell‐based assays.ResultsAQP4‐IgG was negative among all 1,196 participants, 493 with POMS and 703 healthy controls. MOG‐IgG was positive in 30 of 493 cases (6%) and zero controls. Twenty‐five of 30 patients positive with MOG‐IgG (83%) had MOGAD, whereas 5 of 30 (17%) maintained a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) on re‐review of records. MOGAD cases were more commonly in female patients (21/25 [84%] vs 301/468 [64%];p = 0.044), younger age (mean = 8.2 ± 4.2 vs 14.7 ± 2.6 years;p < 0.001), more commonly had initial optic nerve symptoms (16/25 [64%] vs 129/391 [33%];p = 0.002), or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; 8/25 [32%] vs 9/468 [2%];p < 0.001), and less commonly had initial spinal cord symptoms (3/20 [15%] vs 194/381 [51%];p = 0.002), serum Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity (11/25 [44%] vs 445/468 [95%];p < 0.001), or cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (5/25 [20%] vs 243/352 [69%];p < 0.001).InterpretationMOG‐IgG and AQP4‐IgG were not identified among healthy controls confirming their high specificity for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease. Five percent of those with prior POMS diagnoses ultimately had MOGAD; and none had AQP4‐IgG positivity. Clinical features associated with a final diagnosis of MOGAD in those with suspected MS included initial ADEM phenotype, younger age at disease onset, and lack of EBV exposure. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:271–284
Molecular distillation of copaiba oleoresin—A clean process for diterpenes enrichment
Authors: Galúcio Cleyson de Souza , Benites Cibelem Iribarrem , Rodrigues Rodney Alexandre Ferreira , Bahú Juliana Otavia , Khouri Nadia Gagliardi , Concha Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas , Filho Rubens Maciel , Maciel Maria Regina Wolf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCopaiba oleoresin has sesquiterpenes and diterpenes with significant medicinal properties, including being antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and wound healing, among others. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the diterpene enrichment of the copaiba oleoresin from Copaifera officinalis via molecular distillation. Evaporator temperature (EVT) and feed flow rate (Q) were evaluated using an experimental design (22 with central point) considering the ratio of distillate and residue streams (DTR) as the response to optimize the residue recovery. EVT and Q were the main effects for diterpenes recovery, with the best experimental condition at 100°C (EVT) and 15 ml/min (Q) under 0.001 mbar, of which the residue stream had a diterpenes content of 99.25%. With the molecular distillation process, it was possible to add value to the copaiba streams, separating and purifying diterpenes with applicability in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries since no solvent is used in this process (clean).
Verifying the calculation approach for radial suspension force based on the airgap flux density for SPM, consequent‐pole, and bearingless AC homopolar motors
Authors: Noguchi Takahiro , Sugimoto Hiroya , Fujii Yusuke , Chiba Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a calculation method is proposed for the radial suspension force of a bearingless motor with a surface‐mounted permanent magnet (SPM) rotor, a consequent‐pole permanent magnet (CPM) rotor, and a homopolar permanent rotor (HPM). The radial suspension forces are calculated mathematically and analytically using the airgap flux density. It was confirmed that the proposed radial force equations are practical to calculate the suspension force based on the airgap flux density. The CPM bearingless motor and bearingless AC HPM have salient pole rotors that interact with the 2‐pole Magnetomotive force (MMF) to generate 6‐ and 10‐pole components. As a result, the radial suspension force of the CPM bearingless motor is generated by 8‐ and 6‐pole, and 8‐ and 10‐pole magnetic flux, whereas the bearingless AC HPM produces the radial suspension force by DC and 2‐pole components. The shaft torque, the suspension force, and efficiency were also compared for SPM, CPM bearingless motors, and bearingless AC HPM. Consequently, the torque value of the CPM bearingless motor is quite close to SPM bearingless motor. Moreover, the suspension force of the CPM bearingless motor is quite close to bearingless AC HPM.
A novel method for removing NOx from simulated marine exhaust gas in wet absorption system using Na2SO3/THS composite solution
Authors: Liu Gang , Han Zhitao , Li Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Cheng Shaosi , Liu Yubin , Yu Jing , Pan Xinxiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince it is difficult to deal with high‐concentration nitrates in scrubbed wastewater onboard vessels, the application of traditional wet denitration technology is limited to some extent. Here a novel method for removing pre‐oxidized NOx by using Na2SO3/THS composite solution is proposed with the aim to obtain high NOx absorption efficiency and low nitrate concentration in scrubbed wastewater simultaneously. The effects of Na2SO3 concentration, THS concentration, NOx oxidation degree, coexistence of SO2 and O2 in flue gas, initial pH value and temperature of absorption solution on denitration performance were discussed in detail. The results showed Na2SO3 could reduce NOx to nitrate, nitrite, and N2. The addition of THS could promote NOx absorption greatly by forming complexes with SO32−. When initial NOx concentration was 1000 ppm with a NOx oxidation degree of 50%, O2 concentration was 8%, Na2SO3 and THS concentrations were 25 and 20 mmol/L, a NOx absorption efficiency of 87% could be achieved, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations were 32.97 and 14.19 mg/L, respectively.
Feasibility, acceptability and potential efficacy of a virtual physical activity program in primary and secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Elliott Kayla , Norman Jennifer , Wardle Karen , Budgen Pip , Callahan Hayley , Camilleri Michelle , Romeo Alannah , Trinh Katie , Okely Anthony , Kariippanon Katharina E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedChild and youth participation in physical activity (PA) is fundamental for healthy development and obesity prevention. Government policy requires schools to offer 150 minutes of PA each week, however compliance is low. Race around Australia (RAA) is a New South Wales (NSW) Department of Education, virtual PA program aimed at assisting schools in meeting the PA guidelines.MethodsA pre‐ and post‐intervention, quasi‐experimental study was conducted using a mixed‐methods approach comprising teacher interviews, a student questionnaire and a 1.6 kilometre (km) timed run. Data were collected from April to September 2021 among students and teachers in Grades 5 to 8, from 10 schools in NSW, Australia.ResultsThe analytical sample included data from 918 students and 17 teachers. The RAA program was deemed feasible and acceptable in primary schools, whereas there were several systemic and intrapersonal barriers to implementation success for secondary schools. In primary schools, RAA increased PA opportunities and the 1.6 km timed runs revealed a statistically significant treatment by time effect in favour of the intervention group for cardiorespiratory fitness (−36.91 seconds, 95% CI [−63.14, −10.68], P = .006).ConclusionsRAA has demonstrated feasibility and potential efficacy in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. We recommend that program refinement be made to deliver an intervention that addresses the unique barriers of the secondary school setting through a multi‐level ecological approach.So What?Despite evident benefits, implementation of PA initiatives in the school setting reveals many challenges. Stronger consideration of the Health Promotion with Schools Framework is evidently needed.
An assessment of publishing practices and barriers faced by medical students to conduct research: A cross‐sectional study from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Shoaib , Ahmad Shkaib , Ahmad Unaiza , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Iqbal Nida , Shahid Abia , Malik Badar , Siddiqui Amna , Jaffar Huda , Ghani Usman , Sarfraz Waqar , Shelar Vrushali , Rahir Ufaq , Zubair Maryam , Ali Nazia Nikhat , Safdar Sifwa , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Abadeen Zain Ul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPakistan being a low‐ and middle‐income country, its institutes are substantially deficient in scientific and technological aspects and share limited research contributions to the world repositories. Therefore, there is a rising concern to reflect on the history and status of publishing attitudes among medical students in Pakistan and to highlight and address the barriers that they are facing.MethodsA study was conducted aiming to determine the experience, motivation, and attitude of medical students in regarding publishing practices throughout Pakistan in several medical colleges. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to find the independent predictors of students publishing a research article. Forward selection was used to arrive at the final stepwise logistic regression. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. p < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests.ResultsFrom a sample size of 1225 participants, only 6.6% of students had published an article in our study. Of these, 59% were males and 31.3% were in final year. Males were more likely to publish articles than females (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.37–5.26) and final‐year students were more likely to publish articles than first‐year students (OR = 7.48, 95% CI: 1.34–41.81). Students that had the knowledge that performing research is the way through which they will be judged for jobs had significantly higher odds of getting an article published (OR = 16.21, 95% CI: 3.65–71.88). Additionally, students who had been taught how to write a paper and those who knew the process of submitting an article were more likely to get published than the others.ConclusionOur study has successfully highlighted the status of publishing among medical students in Pakistan. Our findings serve as an eye opener and call to action for authorities to address the grievances of students in terms of barriers, lack of mentorship, and lack of research teaching. We hope our findings can guide a strong policy change to facilitate the next generation of passionate researchers.
Model‐Based Systems Engineering Simulation Framework for Robot Grasping
Authors: Sekar Praveen Kumar Menaka , Baras John S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConstant rise in industrial usage of robots for commercial applications has led to the need for rapid, efficient, and reliable robotic system development processes. The idea of collaborative modeling and simulation provides different views to the stakeholders, enhancing the decision‐making process towards design, development, and deployment. This paper 1) applies Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principles to a robot grasping system performing a simple pick and place task, 2) integrates Cameo Systems Modeler (CSM), CoppeliaSim robot simulator, and Gurobi Optimizer to facilitate and accelerate the system design process, and 3) describes a simulation‐based Verification & Validation (V&V) framework and performs design space exploration. This is an effort to integrate tools to reduce the burden on system design, integration, and deployment of dexterous grasping and manipulation systems.
Thiazide Diuretics and Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Desbiens Louis‐Charles , Khelifi Nada , Wang Yue‐Pei , Lavigne Felix , Beaulieu Véronique , Sidibé Aboubacar , Mac‐Way Fabrice 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThiazide diuretics are commonly used antihypertensive agents. Until today, whether their use reduces fracture risk remains unclear. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of thiazide diuretics’ effects on fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in randomized clinical trials (RCT) of adults. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the WHO's ICTRP registry were searched from inception to July 31, 2019. Two reviewers assessed studies for eligibility criteria: (i) RCTs; (ii) including adults; (iii) comparing thiazides, alone or in combination; (iv) to placebo or another medication; and (v) reporting fractures or BMD. Conference abstracts and studies comparing thiazides to antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapy were excluded. Bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool‐2. The primary outcome was fracture at any anatomical site. Secondary outcomes were osteoporotic fractures, hip fractures, and BMD at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and/or total hip. Fractures were pooled as risk ratios (RRs) using random‐effect models. Prespecified subgroup analyses and post hoc sensitivity analyses were conducted. From 15,712 unique records screened, 32 trials (68,273 patients) met eligibility criteria. Thiazides were associated with decreased fractures at any site (RR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.98; I2 = 0%) and osteoporotic fractures (RR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.94; I2 = 0%). Results were consistent in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Few studies reported hip fractures, and no association was found between thiazides and this outcome (RR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.67–1.04; I2 = 0%). Only four studies reported BMD; a meta‐analysis was not conducted because BMD reporting was inconsistent. Trials were deemed at low (3 studies, weight = 3%), some concerns (16 studies; 71%), or high (11 studies; 26%) risk of bias for the primary outcome. In conclusion, thiazide diuretics decreases the risk of fractures at any and at osteoporotic sites in a meta‐analysis of RCTs. Additional studies are warranted in patients with high fracture risk. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Multiple Vertebral Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation: FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension Trials Additional Post Hoc Analyses
Authors: Cosman Felicia , Huang Shuang , McDermott Michele , Cummings Steven R. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
It is uncertain whether the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) and multiple vertebral fractures (MVFs; ≥2 VFs) after denosumab (DMAb) discontinuation is related to treatment duration. A prior analysis of Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) and FREEDOM Extension trials did not find a relationship with DMAb duration and may have underreported MVF incidence because it included women who did not have radiographs. In this post hoc exploratory analysis, the crude incidence and annualized rates of VF and MVF were determined in patients with ≥7 months' follow-up and ≥1 spine radiograph after discontinuing placebo or DMAb. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of MVF. Clinical characteristics of patients with ≥4 VFs were explored. This analysis included women who discontinued after placebo (n = 327) or DMAb either from FREEDOM or FREEDOM Extension (n = 425). The DMAb discontinuation group was subsequently dichotomized by treatment duration: short-term (≤3 years; n = 262) and long-term (&gt;3 years; n = 213) treatment. For any VF, exposure-adjusted annualized rates per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 9.4 (95% CI, 6.4–13.4) for placebo, 6.7 (95% CI, 4.2–10.1) for short-term DMAb, and 10.7 (95% CI, 7.4–15) for long-term DMAb. Annualized rates for MVF were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.9–6.3), 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4–5.4), and 7.5 (95% CI, 4.8–11.1), respectively. Annualized rates for ≥4 VFs were 0.59 (95% CI, 0.1–2.1), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.1–2.1), and 3.34 (95% CI, 1.7–6.0), respectively. In a multivariate regression model, DMAb duration was significantly associated with MVF risk (odds ratio 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4–6.5). Of 15 patients with ≥4 VFs, 13 had DMAb exposure (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 4.9 ± 2.2 years). The risk of MVF after DMAb discontinuation increases with increased duration of DMAb treatment. Patients transitioning off DMAb after 3 years may warrant more frequent administration of zoledronic acid or another bisphosphonate to maintain bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) and prevent MVF. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Membrane proteomic profiling enhances drug target detection
Authors: Chan Hsin‐Ju , Chen Li‐Yu , Chiu Huan‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Ju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMembrane proteins are an important category of drug targets in human diseases. However, membrane protein characterization is challenging due to their hydrophobicity, low abundance, and poor protease accessibility of the proteins. To facilitate reproducible and sensitive profiling of the druggable membrane proteome, we reported a strategy combining membrane protein extraction and data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS). By a single‐shot DIA analysis for a model lung cancer cell line, the results show good enrichment of 2,740 confidently identified membrane proteins, which accounts for 71% proteins identified from the membrane‐enriched sample and includes 202 FDA‐approved drug targets and 462 uniquely identified membrane proteins compared to the result from whole‐cell lysate. Furthermore, the membrane fraction enrichment significantly enhanced protein abundance of 1,245 membrane proteins, and 22 proteins were identified in the non‐small‐cell lung cancer pathway, including 6 lung cancer drug targets. The approach demonstrated better identification in higher intensities and signal‐to‐noise ratios of peptide ions. The drug targets increased 3.3–25.9‐fold (median 15.5‐fold) in peptide abundance and 1.0–12.0% in (median 5.3%) protein coverage. The membrane proteomic profiling strategy will advance the applications of quantitative proteomics in drug target discovery.
Kynurenine‐3‐monooxygenase (KMO): From its biological functions to therapeutic effect in diseases progression
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Zhang Jiahui , Yang Yueying , Xiang Ke , Li Hua , Sun Dejuan , Chen Lixia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKynurenine‐3‐monooxygenase (KMO) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the eukaryotic kynurenine pathway (KP), which is the major catabolic route of tryptophan. KMO can convert the substrate kynurenine into the neurotoxin 3‐hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid, which promote the production of toxic metabolites and formation of free radical in the blood, while decrease the neuroprotective metabolite kynurenic acid. As a result of branch point, KMO is predicted as an attractive drug target for several diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, psychosis, and cancer. This review mainly pays attention to KMO structure and the research of mechanisms and functions, with a particular emphasis on the roles of KMO in the pathogenesis of various conditions. Furthermore, we also summarized important KMO inhibitors to supporting their effects on these diseases, indicating the prospect to find novel KMO inhibitors for diseases therapy.
Novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome: Implications beyond the brain's energy deficit
Authors: Peters Tessa M. A. , Merx Jona , Kooijman Pieter C. , Noga Marek , de Boer Siebolt , van Gemert Loes A. , Salden Guido , Engelke Udo F. H. , Lefeber Dirk J. , van Outersterp Rianne E. , Berden Giel , Boltje Thomas J. , Artuch Rafael , Pías‐Peleteiro Leticia , García‐Cazorla Ángeles , Barić Ivo , Thöny Beat , Oomens Jos , Martens Jonathan , Wevers Ron A. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Coene Karlien L. M. , Willemsen Michèl A. A. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe used next‐generation metabolic screening to identify new biomarkers for improved diagnosis and pathophysiological understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS), comparing metabolic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles from 12 patients to those of 116 controls. This confirmed decreased CSF glucose and lactate levels in patients with GLUT1DS and increased glutamine at group level. We identified three novel biomarkers significantly decreased in patients, namely gluconic + galactonic acid, xylose‐α1‐3‐glucose, and xylose‐α1‐3‐xylose‐α1‐3‐glucose, of which the latter two have not previously been identified in body fluids. CSF concentrations of gluconic + galactonic acid may be reduced as these metabolites could serve as alternative substrates for the pentose phosphate pathway. Xylose‐α1‐3‐glucose and xylose‐α1‐3‐xylose‐α1‐3‐glucose may originate from glycosylated proteins; their decreased levels are hypothetically the consequence of insufficient glucose, one of two substrates for O‐glucosylation. Since many proteins are O‐glucosylated, this deficiency may affect cellular processes and thus contribute to GLUT1DS pathophysiology. The novel CSF biomarkers have the potential to improve the biochemical diagnosis of GLUT1DS. Our findings imply that brain glucose deficiency in GLUT1DS may cause disruptions at the cellular level that go beyond energy metabolism, underlining the importance of developing treatment strategies that directly target cerebral glucose uptake.