bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Chemical Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Glycans
Authors: Li Xiaona , Yang You 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutomated chemical solid‐phase synthesis is an automation platform for rapid and reliable synthesis of glycans. Since the seminal work of Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) disclosed by Seeberger in 2001, AGA has evolved from a proof‐of‐concept to a robust and reliable technology for streamlined production of various types of glycans. Through more than 20 years of unceasing efforts, the major breakthroughs in AGA including linkers, approved building blocks, and synthesizers have been acquired, and numerous influential achievements have been made in complex glycan synthesis. In addition, the HPLC‐assisted automated synthesis emerges as a promising automation platform to access glycans. In this review, we highlight the key advances in the field of automated chemical solid‐phase synthesis, especially in AGA. The synthesis of representative glycans based on AGA is also described.
Effects of free‐ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community
Authors: Salvatori Marco , Oberosler Valentina , Augugliaro Claudio , Krofel Miha , Rovero Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land‐use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species‐dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co‐occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence.
Bridging the gap: Short structural variants in the genetics of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Berthold Natasha , Pytte Julia , Bulik Cynthia M. , Tschochner Monika , Medland Sarah E. , Akkari Patrick Anthony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating disorder with evidence of underexplored heritability. Twin and family studies estimate heritability (h2) to be 57%–64%, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) reveal significant genetic correlations with psychiatric and anthropometric traits and a total of nine genome‐wide significant loci. Whether significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by GWAS are causal or tag true causal variants, remains to be elucidated. We propose a novel method for bridging this knowledge gap by fine‐mapping short structural variants (SSVs) in and around GWAS‐identified loci. SSV fine‐mapping of loci associated with complex disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease has uncovered genetic risk markers, phenotypic variability between patients, new pathological mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets. We analyze previous investigations' methods and propose utilizing an evaluation algorithm to prioritize 10 SSVs for each of the top two AN GWAS‐identified loci followed by Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis via capillary electrophoresis to characterize these SSVs for case/control association studies. Success of previous SSV analyses in complex disorders and effective utilization of similar methodologies supports our proposed method. Furthermore, the structural and spatial properties of the 10 SSVs identified for each of the top two AN GWAS‐associated loci, cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain (NCKIPSD), are similar to previous studies. We propose SSV fine‐mapping of AN‐associated loci will identify causal genetic architecture. Deepening understandings of AN may lead to novel therapeutic targets and subsequently increase quality‐of‐life for individuals living with the illness.Public Significance StatementAnorexia nervosa is a severe and complex illness, arising from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies estimate the contribution of genetic variability; however, the specific DNA sequences and how they contribute remain unknown. We present a novel approach, arguing that the genetic variant class, short structural variants, could answer this knowledge gap and allow development of biologically targeted therapeutics, improving quality‐of‐life and patient outcomes for affected individuals.
Quantifying effort needed to estimate species diversity from citizen science data
Authors: Callaghan Corey T. , Bowler Diana E. , Blowes Shane A. , Chase Jonathan M. , Lyons Mitchell B. , Pereira Henrique M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBroad‐scale biodiversity monitoring relies, at least in part, on the efforts of citizen, or community, scientists. To ensure robust inferences from citizen science data, it is important to understand the spatial pattern of sampling effort by citizen scientists and how it deviates from an optimal pattern. Here, we develop a generalized workflow to estimate the optimal distribution of sampling effort for inference of species diversity (e.g., species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson's diversity) patterns using the relationship between species diversity and land cover. We used data from the eBird citizen science project that was collected across heterogeneous landscapes in Florida (USA) to illustrate this workflow across different grain sizes. We found that a relatively small number of samples are needed to meet 95% sampling completeness when diversity estimation is focused on dominant species: 43, 64, 96, 123, 172, and 176 for 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, 20 × 20, 25 × 25, and 30 × 30‐km2 grain sizes, respectively. In contrast, three to five times more samples are necessary to infer species diversity when estimation is focused on rare species. However, in both cases, the optimal distribution of effort was spatially heterogeneous, with more effort needed in regions of higher diversity. Our results highlight the potential of citizen science data to make informed comparisons of species diversity in space and time, as well as how sampling effort inherently depends on monitoring goals, such as whether dominant or rare species are targeted. Our general workflow allows for the quantification of sampling effort needed to estimate species diversity with citizen science data and can guide future adaptive sampling by citizen science participants.
A reduced order model for nonlinear time history seismic analyzes of elasto‐plastic 3D frame structures
Authors: Magisano Domenico , Corrado Antonella , Madeo Antonio , Garcea Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA reduced order model for the nonlinear dynamic seismic analysis of elasto‐plastic 3D frame structures is presented. It is based on an approximated solution space for the displacement field that is assumed as the sum of two subspaces. The first subspace is generated by the relevant linear elastic modes of the generalized stiffness/mass linear eigenvalue problem in terms of participation factor. The second one is defined by collapse mechanisms associated to appropriate static load distributions. The time history analyzes are carried out within the reduced solution space, while the internal forces are evaluated on the full model to guarantee an accurate description of the constitutive laws. The proposed reduction method was tested for different structural geometries varying frequency content, direction and amplitude of the ground motion. Numerical results show accuracy and robustness also employing a few tens of modes, including elastic modes and plastic collapse mechanisms. In particular, the need for plastic modes in capturing the structural dynamics in case of seismic actions leading to significant plastic excursions is emphasized. This highlights the limits of simplified approaches based on the hypothesis of shape conservation in nonlinear problems, regardless of the building regularity.
Trust Also Means Centering Black Women's Reproductive Health Narratives
Authors: Thomas Shameka Poetry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis commentary responds to Yolonda Wilson's article “Is Trust Enough? Anti‐Black Racism and the Perception of Black Vaccine ‘Hesitancy’” by connecting mistrust to the phenomenon in the United States of blaming Black women for their own adverse health outcomes, particularly in the context of maternal and reproductive health. When medical practitioners and researchers fail to recognize and understand the racist social context of health problems, Black women and other minoritized groups are socialized to mistrust their bodies; as a result, these groups can come to mistrust medical institutions, and medical institutions to distrust patients from these groups. Highlighting the disproportionately and unjustly high maternal mortality rates among Black women, this commentary warns that neglecting to center the narratives of Black women tells an incomplete story of reproductive health disparities in the United States. Drawing on firsthand experience conducting qualitative reproductive‐health research with Black women, the author urges professionals in reproductive medicine and bioethics to use the tools of narrative medicine to listen to and center Black women's accounts of their lived experiences in order to deconstruct blame and work toward eliminating reproductive health disparities.
Targeted gene next‐generation sequencing reveals genomic profile in a cohort of 46 Chinese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Yao Jie , Chen Qian , Zhu Jun‐qi , Cai Rui‐gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore the genomic profile in a cohort of Chinese patients with breast cancer (BC), as well as provide potential strategies for clinic treatment in specific subset of BC patients.MethodsPaired samples from 46 BC patients were subjected to DNA extraction and 537 gene targeted next‐generation sequencing.ResultsIn total, 742 somatic mutations were detected in these patients, which involved 303 genes. TP53 and PIK3CA were the most frequently mutated genes, with a mutation rate of 45.65% and 26.09%. C>T, T>C and C>A comprised the main single nucleotide base variation for this Chinese cohort. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) group had more TP53‐mutated patients than the Non‐TNBC group (p = 0.0229). In addition, the cohort was also divided into ‘Young’ and ‘Old’ groups based on the age of onset. Compared with the ‘Young’ group, the ‘Old’ group had more frameshift mutations (p = 0.0190), less missense mutations (p = 0.0269) and more HOXA11‐mutated patients (p = 0.0197). Additionally, the HOXA11mt (HOXA11 gene mutated) group had more frameshift mutations than the HOXA11wt (HOXA11 gene without mutation) group (p < 0.0001). In KEGG (i.e. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, the HOXA11wt group had more gene mutations involved in the T cell receptor signaling pathway (p = 0.0197), Jak–STAT signaling pathway (p = 0.0380) and the HIF‐1 signaling pathway (p = 0.0489) than the HOXA11mt group. In the present study, the heterogeneity of somatic mutations was revealed between different tumor subgroups, including TNBC/Non‐TNBC, age of onset (Young/Old) and HOXA11 mutation (HOXA11mt/HOXA11wt).ConclusionsThe present study revealed the heterogeneity of gene mutation and clinical variables among BC subtypes and might provide guidance for developing a potential target for clinical treatment.
Independent effects of Src kinase and podoplanin on anchorage independent cell growth and migration
Authors: Retzbach Edward P. , Sheehan Stephanie A. , Krishnan Harini , Zheng Haiyan , Zhao Caifeng , Goldberg Gary S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Src tyrosine kinase is a strong tumor promotor. Over a century of research has elucidated fundamental mechanisms that drive its oncogenic potential. Src phosphorylates effector proteins to promote hallmarks of tumor progression. For example, Src associates with the Cas focal adhesion adaptor protein to promote anchorage independent cell growth. In addition, Src phosphorylates Cas to induce Pdpn expression to promote cell migration. Pdpn is a transmembrane receptor that can independently increase cell migration in the absence of oncogenic Src kinase activity. However, to our knowledge, effects of Src kinase activity on anchorage independent cell growth and migration have not been examined in the absence of Pdpn expression. Here, we analyzed the effects of an inducible Src kinase construct in knockout cells with and without exogenous Pdpn expression on cell morphology migration and anchorage independent growth. We report that Src promoted anchorage independent cell growth in the absence of Pdpn expression. In contrast, Src was not able to promote cell migration in the absence of Pdpn expression. In addition, continued Src kinase activity was required for cells to assume a transformed morphology since cells reverted to a nontransformed morphology upon cessation of Src kinase activity. We also used phosphoproteomic analysis to identify 28 proteins that are phosphorylated in Src transformed cells in a Pdpn dependent manner. Taken together, these data indicate that Src utilizes Pdpn to promote transformed cell growth and motility in complementary, but parallel, as opposed to serial, pathways.
Study of fiber delamination on silane modified ramie fiber/OMMTnano‐clay epoxy composite under low‐velocity impact, shear load, and high‐speeddrilling
Authors: Sivaperumal R. , Jancirani J. , Vasanthan B. , Jeevamalar J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this present study, the effect of silane treated ramie fiber addition along with organically‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nano clay in epoxy resin composite was investigated in drop load impact, shear loading, and high‐speed drilling. The main aim of this research study was to develop a high‐laminar shear strength epoxy structural composite for various engineering applications. To improve the laminar adhesion the fiber was treated using silane via acid hydrolysis technique. The OMMT nanoclay also added with fiber in order to improve the load bearing effect and adhesion phenomenon. The composites were prepared using hand layup method with postcuring. The adhesion behavior of composites was tested based on American society for testing and materials standards and compared. According to the results, the treated ramie fiber possesses high resistance to impact loading. The ballistic resistance of composite is increased three fold when compare with as‐received fiber‐epoxy composites. The interlaminar shear strength of composite designation C1.5 gives highest shear strength of 35 MPa. The drilling study revealed highest dimensional stability for treated fiber. No fiber chip off and pull out at the drilled hole surface. The fractography analysis confirms no lamina delamination occurs even at high‐speed drilling. These delamination resistance epoxy‐based composites are suitable in automobile, structural and defense gadget manufacturing applications.
Improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiencies of dye‐sensitized solar cells consisting of hemispherical TiO2 films
Authors: Izumi Shogo , Mizuno Ayame , Ohtani Naoki 
Published: April 2022

To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we fabricated hemispherical TiO2 films using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) mold and improved the light harvesting efficiency in DSSCs by a large light‐scattering effect caused by the hemispherical structure. In addition, the amount of the adsorption density of the dye in TiO2 increased due to the larger surface area of the hemispherical structure. Consequently, the short‐circuit current of DSSCs containing hemispherical TiO2 film increased even though the open‐circuit voltage was not changed. As a result, the overall PCE value was improved to about 1.2 times larger than a DSSC containing a flat TiO2 film.In addition, polyethylene glycol‐doping in TiO2 effectively improved the DSSC performance comprised of hemispherical TiO2 films.
Synergistic effects of Nepeta menthoides and Melissa officinalis aqueous extracts on reserpine‐induced depressive‐like behaviors in mice
Authors: Talebi Sedighe , Rahmati Batool , Jorjani Masoumeh , Emadi Fatemeh , Ghaffari Farzaneh , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse and Melissa officinalis are extensively used in Persian medicine for the treatment of depression. Considering the active ingredients and main phenolic compounds of these plants and possible synergistic effects, this study examined the antidepressant and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of N. menthoides (NM) and M. officinalis (MO) in reserpinized mice alone and combination. Mice were pretreated orally for 1‐week with normal saline (10 ml/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg), NM (50–100–200–400 mg/kg), MO (150–350–550–750 mg/kg), and combination (NM 50 with MO 150 mg/kg). The behavioral changes were evaluated using forced swim, tail suspension, and open field tests, 24 hr after reserpine injection (4 mg/kg) on eighth day. The amounts of active components in the extracts and catalase (CAT) as a brain oxidative stress were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data showed that this combination produced a synergistic action on behaviors and a significant increase in CAT activity. High‐performance liquid chromatography results showed that rosmarinic acid contents in MO and NM were 6.42 ± 1.1 and 11.03 ± 2.16 mg/g of dried extract, respectively. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents of MO were higher than NM. The findings suggest that the present combination produces an antidepressant‐like effect, which is possibly triggered by its antioxidant properties.
Reimagining and redesigning teaching and learning in the post‐pandemic world
Authors: Marmolejo Francisco J. , Groccia James E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pandemic has provided a unique window of opportunity for higher education institutions to change because of the disruptions in normal ways of operating. The pandemic crisis has created opportunities to revise our strategies, internal and external partnerships, teaching methods, student pathways and recruitment approaches, incentive systems, faculty expertise, assessment approaches, and overarching goals of higher education. This article discusses a proactive stance suggesting that higher education must respond not only to the past, not even to the present, but to future needs.
Genetic variants in the serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) gene as a potential marker for milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows
Authors: Raza Sayed Haidar Abbas , Liang Chengcheng , Alshammari Ahmed Mohajja , Aloufi Bandar H. , Gui Linsheng , Khan Rajwali , Zan Linsen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to detect potential polymorphisms of the serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) gene and explore their relationships with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows.Objectives: This study usedsequencing technology conducted in 532 Chinese Holstein cows.MethodsThree single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within intron 1, named g.14061A>G, g.14072G>C and g.14819C>T. Eight estimated haplotypes were identified, of which three major haplotypes had a frequency of Hap3 (‐ACC‐), Hap5 (‐GCC‐) and Hap2 (‐AGT‐), with 17.9%, 12.30% and 8.10%, respectively.ResultsThe association analysis of single markers (g.14061A>G and g.14819C>T) and combined genotypes (Hap1/5) revealed prominent effects on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the SAA2 gene is associated with economic traits in Chinese Holstein cows and may be used as candidate gene for marker‐assisted selection and management in breeding programs.
Synthesis of a mixed‐valent europium(II, III)‐borate and its optical and magnetic behavior
Authors: Gatterdam Maximilian , Kannengießer Nils , Albert Barbara , Glaum Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mixed‐valent, europium borate Eu5(BO3)4 was synthesized from Eu2B2O5 and EuB2O4. Its structure was refined by Rietveld analysis. Eu5(BO3)4 crystallizes in space group Pnma (a=2229.77(2) pm, b=1599.91(2) pm, and c=877.75(1) pm) and was found to be isostructural with Eu5(BO2.51N0.49)4. Powder reflectance spectra (UV/vis/NIR) and magnetic susceptibility data of Eu5(BO3)4 and of the reference compounds EuIIB4O7 and EuIIIBO3 were measured. The spectrum of the mixed‐valent europium(II, III) borate shows the 7F0→7F6 transition of the Eu3+ ion and the intervalence charge transfer Eu2+→Eu3+. The experimental Bohr magneton number of Eu5(BO3)4, μobs/μB=14.90, agrees well to μcalc/μB for a combination of three Eu2+ and two Eu3+ per formula.
Hydrogen Bond‐Assisted Fluoride Binding by a Stiborane
Authors: Karimi M. , Gabbaï F. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo augment the fluoride binding ability of Lewis acidic stiboranes, we have synthesized and characterized a SbV derivative (PhSbF2((o‐(NH(2,6‐C6H3F2)C6H4)2, 3) featuring diarylamine groups installed in proximity to the antimony center and poised to engage Sb‐bound fluoride anions in hydrogen bonding interactions. A competition experiment between 3 and Ph3SbF2 (4) along with calculations show that the fluoride ion affinity of 3 is superior to that of 4.
Case Study: Using Methodology to Assess the Selected Details
Authors: Azinović Boris , Kilar Vojko , Koren David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter the proposed methodology was used for evaluation of several most common building details/connections. It was shown how the proposed methodology can be used to separate better detail solutions from poorer ones, by recognizing inappropriate load-bearing capacity, stiffness, interruptions, asymmetrical solutions, and other important characteristics that affect the quality of a detail to be used in earthquake-resistant structure.
Higher Education in Australia
Authors: Benner Mats , Grant Jonathan , O’Kane Mary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines the evolution of universities in Australia. The chapter shows how Australian universities have been shaped in the interplay between academic, political and economic forces, and how the model of university governance has exposed them to vulnerabilities that ensue in periods of rapid ruptures in the surrounding society, especially when the globalisation of higher education is in peril. The chapter pays particular attention to the responses that have unfolded to the COVID-19 pandemic but also more generally to how universities have balanced the orientation to global templates with that of societal expectations.