bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the x-ray enhancement in foams for laser-driven soft x-ray sources
Authors: Zheng Jinhua , Kuang Longyu , Zhang Lu , Li Hang , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the mechanism that causes x-ray enhancement in high-Z foams for laser-driven soft x-ray sources. By simulation of one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics, it is found that the x-ray enhancement is mainly due to the effect that, in a foam target, shock wave compression significantly reduces the energy loss of hydrodynamic motion (kinetic energy). In a solid target this effect is negligible for its low compressibility. Expressions of kinetic energy reduction (ΔE
k = E
k,solid − E
k,foam) are given to model the improvement of the laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency. The ΔE
k given by the model agrees with the simulation result with about a 15% error for foam density 0.07 – 0.3 g/cc and for laser intensity 0.4 × 1015–2.0 × 1015 W cm−2. The model indicates that the x-ray enhancement is more efficient with a lower foam density and higher laser intensity, which is also presented by the simulation results.
Fast magnetic reconnection and driven plasma rotation in reversed central magnetic shear configuration
Authors: Yu Q. , Günter S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Numerical calculations have been carried out to study the nonlinear growth of the double tearing mode (DTM) in the reversed central magnetic shear configuration for medium-size tokamak plasma parameters, based on two-fluid equations and large aspect ratio approximation. Three different regimes of the DTM growth are found. (a) annular crash regime, existing for a small distance but a not too large plasma rotation frequency difference between two resonant surfaces. In this regime the plasma pressure between two resonant surfaces is flattened due to the fast magnetic reconnection in tens of microseconds, in agreement with experimental observations. In addition, a large plasma rotation shear is generated around the edge of the pressure flattening region right after the fast magnetic reconnection. (b) Core crash regime, existing for a medium distance and a relatively low rotation frequency difference between two resonant surfaces, in which the plasma pressure is flattened over a large region up to the magnetic axis during the fast magnetic reconnection in tens of microseconds, in agreement with experimental observation too. (c) No crash regime, existing for a sufficiently large distance and/or frequency difference between two resonant surfaces. In this regime the mode grows slowly in the nonlinear phase and saturates at a finite amplitude, causing a local flattening of the plasma pressure at the resonant surface but without fast crashes.
Electron beam polarimeter and energy spectrometer
Authors: Muchnoi N.Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The backscattering of laser radiation by a relativistic
electron beam is a widely used method for measuring the spin
polarization of electrons. We consider again the properties of the
scattering process paying special attention to recoil electrons.
Based on this consideration we propose the concept of the Compton
polarimeter in which, in addition to all the polarization
components, it becomes possible to accurately measure the energy and
other parameters of the electron beam. To demonstrate the
capabilities of the method we conduct a Monte Carlo simulations of
the polarimeter developed for the FCC-ee project.
Design and experimental study of a rotational piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Farias W.P. , Souto C.R. , Castro A.C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article presents the characterization of an rotational
generator with ceramic piezoelectric transducers, applied to energy
harvesting. The physical structure developed, presents flexibility
in relation to the number of beams, piezoelectric elements and
coupling of generator modules, and keeps the piezoelectric
transducers without direct contact with extern environment, which
allows the device adaptation for practical applications. The
prototype developed has two generator modules, totaling four beams
with two piezoelectric transducers PZT C-64 each, and it worked for
approximately 670 hours, without waste signs. An experimental
configuration was developed to analyze the behavior of the proposed
generator, with the generator being driven by a motor coupled to its
axis with a rotation speed of 1 Hz to 35 Hz. The signals generated
by the beans were connected to variable resistors, obtaining
different power values in each one of the blades, justified by the
manual manufacturing process. The results showed that the suggested
harvester has high durability and the potential to power wireless
sensors that are integrated into rotating machines.
A typological framework of non-floodplain wetlands for global collaborative research and sustainable use
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Thorslund Josefin , Nover Daniel M , Rains Mark C , Li Xin , Xu Bei , He Bin , Su Hui , Yen Haw , Liu Lei , Yuan Huili , Jarsjö Jerker , Viers Joshua H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs) are important but vulnerable inland freshwater systems that are receiving increased attention and protection worldwide. However, a lack of consistent terminology, incohesive research objectives, and inherent heterogeneity in existing knowledge hinder cross-regional information sharing and global collaboration. To address this challenge and facilitate future management decisions, we synthesized recent work to understand the state of NFW science and explore new opportunities for research and sustainable NFW use globally. Results from our synthesis show that although NFWs have been widely studied across all continents, regional biases exist in the literature. We hypothesize these biases in the literature stem from terminology rather than real geographical bias around existence and functionality. To confirm this observation, we explored a set of geographically representative NFW regions around the world and characteristics of research focal areas. We conclude that there is more that unites NFW research and management efforts than we might otherwise appreciate. Furthermore, opportunities for cross-regional information sharing and global collaboration exist, but a unified terminology will be needed, as will a focus on wetland functionality. Based on these findings, we discuss four pathways that aid in better collaboration, including improved cohesion in classification and terminology, and unified approaches to modeling and simulation. In turn, legislative objectives must be informed by science to drive conservation and management priorities. Finally, an educational pathway serves to integrate the measures and to promote new technologies that aid in our collective understanding of NFWs. Our resulting framework from NFW synthesis serves to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainable use and conservation of wetland systems globally.
Focus stacking in non-contact dermoscopy
Authors: Jütte Lennart , Yang Zhiyao , Sharma Gaurav , Roth Bernhard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dermoscopy is the main tool for early detection of skin cancer. Non-contact dermoscopes often suffer from a small depth of field leading to images of skin topographies with regions that are not in focus. We aim to provide an easy-to-implement focus stacking-based approach to ensure all-in-focus images from a non-contact dermoscope. Further, we aim to extract additional information about the skin topography from the image stacks. The focus stacking procedure itself is implemented in a non-contact dermoscope with an electrically adjustable focus realized by using a tunable liquid lens. We show that all-in-focus imaging is possible for non-contact dermoscopy and deliver a method to extract topographical information for dermatologists from the acquired image stacks. Our finding indicate that the approach can be valuable for non-contact dermoscopic examination as well as for the early detection of skin diseases such as cancer as it possible to derive hyperfocus images and information on the skin topography. With this, we were able to develop a software for the acquisition of the raw image data and its processing into a high resolution hyperresolution dermoscopic image. In the next steps, we plan to apply the approach in the clinical environment for skin cancer diagnostics or imaging of inflammatory skin diseases.
Ultra-compact on-chip spoof surface plasmon polariton transmission lines with enhanced field confinements
Authors: He Pei Hang , Yao Dayue , Zhang Hao Chi , Wang Jiangpeng , Bao Di , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
On-chip transmission lines (TLs) for spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPPs) have been proved to suppress on-chip channel crosstalk in terahertz band due to their field confinement property. But the contradiction between strong field confinement and miniaturization limits the application of the on-chip SSPP TLs in millimeter and terahertz bands. Here, an ultra-compact on-chip SSPP TL with strong field confinement is proposed using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The proposed SSPP TL reduces the cutoff frequency down to 435 GHz in a very limited TL width. Broadband feeding without using gradient transition structures is presented to guarantee the compact size. Compared to microstrip and the typical SSPP TLs, outstanding field confinement of the novel on-chip SSPP TL is demonstrated by the electrical-field- intensity distributions. Measured result matches to simulated one well. It is shown that the proposed on-chip SSPP TL possesses the lowest cutoff frequency and the smallest width relative to the cutoff wavelength, compared to the microstrip and the typical SSPP TLs. Thus the ultra-compact on-chip SSPP TL with strong field confinement may be widely used in the future miniaturized monolithic microwave integrated circuits.
A penalized linear mixed model with generalized method of moments estimators for complex phenotype prediction
Authors: Wang Xiaqiong , Wen Yalu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Linear mixed models (LMMs) have long been the method of choice for risk prediction analysis on high-dimensional data. However, it remains computationally challenging to simultaneously model a large amount of variants that can be noise or have predictive effects of complex forms.

Results
In this work, we have developed a penalized LMM with generalized method of moments (pLMMGMM) estimators for prediction analysis. pLMMGMM is built within the LMM framework, where random effects are used to model the joint predictive effects from all variants within a region. Different from existing methods that focus on linear relationships and use empirical criteria for variable screening, pLMMGMM can efficiently detect regions that harbor genetic variants with both linear and non-linear predictive effects. In addition, unlike existing LMMs that can only handle a very limited number of random effects, pLMMGMM is much less computationally demanding. It can jointly consider a large number of regions and accurately detect those that are predictive. Through theoretical investigations, we have shown that our method has the selection consistency and asymptotic normality. Through extensive simulations and the analysis of PET-imaging outcomes, we have demonstrated that pLMMGMM outperformed existing models and it can accurately detect regions that harbor risk factors with various forms of predictive effects.

Availability and implementation
The R-package is available at https://github.com/XiaQiong/GMMLasso.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MDSCAN: RMSD-based HDBSCAN clustering of long molecular dynamics
Authors: González-Alemán Roy , Platero-Rochart Daniel , Rodríguez-Serradet Alejandro , Hernández-Rodríguez Erix W , Caballero Julio , Leclerc Fabrice , Montero-Cabrera Luis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The term clustering designates a comprehensive family of unsupervised learning methods allowing to group similar elements into sets called clusters. Geometrical clustering of molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories is a well-established analysis to gain insights into the conformational behavior of simulated systems. However, popular variants collapse when processing relatively long trajectories because of their quadratic memory or time complexity. From the arsenal of clustering algorithms, HDBSCAN stands out as a hierarchical density-based alternative that provides robust differentiation of intimately related elements from noise data. Although a very efficient implementation of this algorithm is available for programming-skilled users (HDBSCAN*), it cannot treat long trajectories under the de facto molecular similarity metric RMSD.

Results
Here, we propose MDSCAN, an HDBSCAN-inspired software specifically conceived for non-programmers users to perform memory-efficient RMSD-based clustering of long MD trajectories. Methodological improvements over the original version include the encoding of trajectories as a particular class of vantage-point tree (decreasing time complexity), and a dual-heap approach to construct a quasi-minimum spanning tree (reducing memory complexity). MDSCAN was able to process a trajectory of 1 million frames using the RMSD metric in about 21 h with &lt;8 GB of RAM, a task that would have taken a similar time but more than 32 TB of RAM with the accelerated HDBSCAN* implementation generally used.

Availability and implementation
The source code and documentation of MDSCAN are free and publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/LQCT/MDScan.git) and as a PyPI package (https://pypi.org/project/mdscan/).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lower Demands but Less Meaningful Work? Changes in Work Situation and Health among Social Workers in a 15-Year Perspective
Authors: Tham Pia , Kåreholt Ingemar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate how working conditions, intention to leave and self-rated health among Swedish social workers in child welfare have developed over the course of fifteen years. In 2003 (n = 309), 2014 (n = 313) and 2018 (n = 305), the same questionnaire was distributed to social workers who were working with the same tasks in the same geographical areas. The results show that the social workers in 2018 overall rate their working conditions as better than they did in 2014, and in most respects also better than in 2003. The most salient improvements are that work demands in 2018 are described as significantly lower than in earlier years, and organisational climate, group work and support from their superior and co-workers are seen more positively. Despite these positive developments, the changes in how the social workers rate their health and to what extent they intend to leave the workplace were minor. Also, how the social workers rated positive challenges in work and the extent to which they perceived their work as meaningful or felt that their skills and knowledge often were useful in their work had deteriorated. Possible factors as the influence of New Public Management and increased use of manuals and forms are discussed.
MicroRNAs: emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets of bone fragility in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smout Dieter , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H , Jørgensen Hanne Skou , Evenepoel Pieter 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBone fragility is highly prevalent, yet underdiagnosed in patients with chronic kidney disease. Incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology and limitations of current diagnostics contribute to therapeutic hesitation, if not nihilism. This narrative review addresses the question of whether microRNAs (miRNAs) may improve therapeutic decision making in osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. miRNAs are key epigenetic regulators of bone homeostasis and show promise as both therapeutic targets and as biomarkers, primarily of bone turnover. Experimental studies show that miRNAs are involved in several osteogenic pathways. Clinical studies exploring the usefulness of circulating miRNAs for fracture risk stratification and for guiding and monitoring therapy are few and, so far, provide inconclusive results. Likely, (pre)analytical heterogeneity contributes to these equivocal results. In conclusion, miRNAs are promising in metabolic bone disease, both as a diagnostic tool and as therapeutic targets, but not yet ready for clinical prime time.
Virtual relationship memory: a conceptual model of mediated communication and relational dissolution
Authors: LeFebvre Leah E , Blackburn Kate G , Brody Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Virtual Relationship Memory (VRM) is a conceptual model to explore the way people remember and socially construct their romantic relationships, with a focus on the breakup process and memories after a relationship has ended. The model is situated within the research exploring relationships, technology, and memory. We articulate three components—objects, networks, and stories—which independently and concurrently represent how communication technology affects relational and memory-making processes. We first review research into memory, relational dissolution, and mediated communication to situate the VRM at the nexus of those three domains of study. We define and describe features of the VRM (objects, stories, and networks) and build towards a comprehensive conceptual model. To conclude, we present several potential future research directions—management strategies, curation of emotion, and dualistic functions of memory—with implications for building, extending, and stretching the boundaries of VRM.
PpTCP18 is upregulated by lncRNA5 and controls branch number in peach (Prunus persica) through positive feedback regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Xiaobei , Wang Qiuping , Yan Lixia , Hao Yuhang , Lian Xiaodong , Zhang Haipeng , Zheng Xianbo , Cheng Jun , Wang Wei , Zhang Langlang , Ye Xia , Li Jidong , Tan Bin , Feng Jiancan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Branch number is an important agronomic trait in peach (Prunus persica) trees because plant architecture affects fruit yield and quality. Although breeders can select varieties with different tree architecture, the biological mechanisms underlying architecture remain largely unclear. In this study, a pillar peach (‘Zhaoshouhong’) and a standard peach (‘Okubo’) were compared. ‘Zhaoshouhong’ was found to have significantly fewer secondary branches than ‘Okubo’. Treatment with the synthetic strigolactone (SL) GR24 decreased branch number. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PpTCP18 (a homologous gene of Arabidopsis thaliana BRC1) expression was negatively correlated with strigolactone synthesis gene expression, indicating that PpTCP18 may play an important role in peach branching. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, dual-luciferase assays and PpTCP18-knockdown in peach leaf buds indicated that PpTCP18 could increase expression of PpLBO1, PpMAX1, and PpMAX4. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PpTCP18 clearly exhibited reduced primary rosette-leaf branches. Moreover, lncRNA sequencing and transient expression analysis revealed that lncRNA5 targeted PpTCP18, significantly increasing PpTCP18 expression. These results provide insights into the mRNA and lncRNA network in the peach SL signaling pathway and indicate that PpTCP18, a transcription factor downstream of SL signaling, is involved in positive feedback regulation of SL biosynthesis. This role of PpTCP18 may represent a novel mechanism in peach branching regulation. Our study improves current understanding of the mechanisms underlying peach branching and provides theoretical support for genetic improvement of peach tree architecture.
Invariant Measures for Horospherical Actions and Anosov Groups
Authors: Lee Minju , Oh Hee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet $\Gamma $ be a Zariski dense Anosov subgroup of a connected semisimple real algebraic group $G$. For a maximal horospherical subgroup $N$ of $G$, we show that the space of all non-trivial $NM$-invariant ergodic and $A$-quasi-invariant Radon measures on $\Gamma \backslash G$, up to proportionality, is homeomorphic to ${\mathbb {R}}^{\text {rank}\,G-1}$, where $A$ is a maximal real split torus and $M$ is a maximal compact subgroup that normalizes $N$. One of the main ingredients is to establish the $NM$-ergodicity of all Burger–Roblin measures.
KMS States of Quasi-Free Dynamics on C*-Algebras of Product Systems over Right LCM Monoids
Authors: Gazdag Luca E , Laca Marcelo , Larsen Nadia S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We generalise recent results of Afsar, Larsen, and Neshveyev for product systems over quasi-lattice orders by showing that the equilibrium states of quasi-free dynamics on the Nica–Toeplitz $C^{\ast }$-algebras of product systems over right LCM monoids must satisfy a positivity condition encoded in a system of inequalities satisfied by their restrictions to the coefficient algebra. We prove that the reduction of this positivity condition to a finite subset of inequalities is valid for a wider class of monoids that properly includes finite-type Artin monoids, answering a question left open in their work. Our main technical tool is a combinatorially generated tree modelled on a recent construction developed by Boyu Li for dilations of contractive representations. We also obtain a reduction of the positivity condition to inequalities arising from a certain minimal subset that may not be finite but has the advantage of holding for all Noetherian right LCM monoids, and we present an example, arising from a finite-type Artin monoid, that exhibits a gap in its inverse temperature space.
Convergence of the KPZ Line Ensemble
Authors: Wu Xuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) line ensemble under the KPZ scaling. Based on their Gibbs property, we derive quantitative local fluctuation estimates for the scaled KPZ line ensemble. This allows us to show the tightness of the scaled KPZ line ensemble. Together with the recent progress in [33], [36], and [15], the tightness result yields the conjectural convergence of the scaled KPZ line ensemble to the Airy line ensemble.
The Death of Major International Organizations: When Institutional Stickiness is not Enough
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke , Debre Maria J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Major international organizations (IOs) are heavily contested, but they are rarely dissolved. Scholars have focused on their longevity, making institutional arguments about replacement costs and institutional assets as well as IO agency to adapt and resist challenges. This article analyzes the limits of institutional stickiness by focusing on outlier cases. While major IOs are dissolved at considerably lower rates than minor IOs, the article nevertheless identifies twenty-one cases where major IOs have died since 1815. These are tough cases as they do not conform to our institutionalist expectations. To better understand these rare but important events, the article provides case illustrations from the League of Nations and International Refugee Organization, which were dissolved due to their perceived underperformance and a disappearing demand for cooperation. These cases show the limits of the institutional theories of IO stickiness: sometimes member states find high replacement costs justified or consider assets as sunk costs, and IOs may lack agency to strategically respond. This article refines theories of institutional stickiness and contributes to the institutional theory of the life and death of IOs.