bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection prevention and control across the continuum of COVID‐19 care: A qualitative study of patients', caregivers' and providers' experiences
Authors: Wasilewski Marina B. , Szigeti Zara , Sheppard Christine L. , Minezes Jacqueline , Hitzig Sander L. , Mayo Amanda L. , Robinson Lawrence R. , Lung Maria , Simpson Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare facilities adopted restrictive visitor policies as a result of the COVID‐19 (COVID) pandemic. Though these measures were necessary to promote the safety of patients, families and healthcare providers, it led to isolation and loneliness amongst acute care inpatients that can undermine patient rehabilitation and recovery. The study objectives were to (1) explore how infection prevention and control (IP&C) measures impacted stakeholders' perceptions of care quality and interactions with others and (2) investigate how these experiences and perceptions varied across stakeholder groups and care settings.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Patients and their families from an inpatient COVID rehabilitation hospital and healthcare providers from an acute or rehabilitation COVID hospital were interviewed between August 2020 and February 2021.ResultsA total of 10 patients, 5 family members and 12 healthcare providers were interviewed. Four major themes were identified: (1) IP&C measures challenged the psychosocial health of all stakeholders across care settings; (2): IP&C measures precipitated a need for greater relational care from HCPs; (3) infection prevention tenets perpetuated COVID‐related stigma that stakeholders experienced across care settings; and (4) technology was used to facilitate human connection when IP&C limited physical presence.ConclusionIP&C measures challenged psychosocial health and maintenance of vital human connections. Loneliness and isolation were felt by all stakeholders due to physical distancing and COVID‐related stigma. Some isolation was mitigated by the relational care provided by HCPs and technological innovations used. The findings of the study underscore the need to balance safety with psychosocial well‐being across care settings and beyond the patient–provider dyad.Patient and Public ContributionThis study was informed by the Patient‐Oriented Research Agenda and developed through consultations with patients and family caregivers to identify priority areas for rehabilitation research. Priority areas identified that informed the current study were (1) the need to focus on the psychosocial aspects of recovery from illness and injury and (2) the importance of exploring patients' recovery experiences and needs across the continuum of care. The study protocol, ethics submission, analysis and manuscript preparation were all informed by healthcare providers with lived experience of working in COVID care settings.
Light and Malaise traps tell different stories about the spatial variations in arthropod biomass and method‐specific insect abundance
Authors: Busse Annika , Bässler Claus , Brandl Roland , Friess Nicolas , Hacker Hermann , Heidrich Lea , Hilmers Torben , Merkel‐Wallner Gisela , Schmid‐Egger Christian , Seifert Linda , Müller Jörg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Conclusions reached in meta‐analyses of changes in insect communities may be influenced by method‐specific sampling biases, which may lead to inappropriate conservation measures.
We argue that the contradictory conclusions regarding terrestrial insect biomass, abundance and richness patterns are, at least partly, due to methodological limitations that reflect taxon‐specific responses to environmental changes.
In this study, light and Malaise traps were simultaneously deployed to sample insects at 52 plots in a temperate forest in Germany along gradients of elevation (>1000 m) and canopy openness (3%–100%). These gradients were used as predictors in models of total arthropod biomass according to the two trapping methods and in models of abundance and richness of three commonly targeted groups: nocturnal moths, sampled using light traps, and hoverflies and bees, collected with Malaise traps.
A comparison of the total arthropod biomass obtained with the two methods revealed contrary results along the canopy openness gradient. Biomass in light traps showed a decreasing trend with increasing canopy openness while biomass in Malaise traps increased. The same opposing pattern was found for the abundance of selected taxa.
The different patterns describing spatial variation of arthropod communities obtained using light and Malaise traps can be explained by differences in the taxa predominantly collected. Regarding the ongoing debate on insect decline, our results demonstrate that comparing different taxa from different taxon‐specific traps is inappropriate. Thus, we recommend that future meta‐analyses take into account the sampling methods and taxon‐specific responses to environmental changes.
Examining teachers' awareness of effective vocabulary instructional practices: Voices from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sonbul Suhad , Almusharraf Norah , Abdel Salam El‐Dakhs Dina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVocabulary‐learning activities are predominant in the English language classroom. Research examining teachers' awareness of effective vocabulary instructional practices is limited. The current mixed‐methods study (explanatory sequential design) aims to elicit responses from schoolteachers and college‐level teachers in the Saudi English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) context to evaluate their implementation of the Technique Feature Analysis criteria. A survey was administered to 86 EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia. This was followed by focused group interviews with a subsample of 15 teachers. Results showed that teachers at both levels frequently employed the criteria under “motivation” and “noticing.” However, most college‐level teachers could not give students the freedom to select the words they needed to learn, did not use images to visualize vocabulary items, and were hesitant about using translation in their classrooms. Schoolteachers, on the other hand, did not pay attention to teaching individual unknown words in context. The results have important implications regarding teacher perceptions of effective vocabulary teaching and the design of language programs in Saudi Arabia.
Ascertainment of vaccination status by self‐report versus source documentation: Impact on measuring COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness
Authors: Stephenson Meagan , Olson Samantha M. , Self Wesley H. , Ginde Adit A. , Mohr Nicholas M. , Gaglani Manjusha , Shapiro Nathan I. , Gibbs Kevin W. , Hager David N. , Prekker Matthew E. , Gong Michelle N. , Steingrub Jay S. , Peltan Ithan D. , Martin Emily T. , Reddy Raju , Busse Laurence W. , Duggal Abhijit , Wilson Jennifer G. , Qadir Nida , Mallow Christopher , Kwon Jennie H. , Exline Matthew C. , Chappell James D. , Lauring Adam S. , Baughman Adrienne , Lindsell Christopher J. , Hart Kimberly W. , Lewis Nathaniel M. , Patel Manish M. , Tenforde Mark W. ,   IVY Network Investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, self‐reported COVID‐19 vaccination might facilitate rapid evaluations of vaccine effectiveness (VE) when source documentation (e.g., immunization information systems [IIS]) is not readily available. We evaluated the concordance of COVID‐19 vaccination status ascertained by self‐report versus source documentation and its impact on VE estimates.MethodsHospitalized adults (≥18 years) admitted to 18 U.S. medical centers March–June 2021 were enrolled, including COVID‐19 cases and SARS‐CoV‐2 negative controls. Patients were interviewed about COVID‐19 vaccination. Abstractors simultaneously searched IIS, medical records, and other sources for vaccination information. To compare vaccination status by self‐report and documentation, we estimated percent agreement and unweighted kappa with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We then calculated VE in preventing COVID‐19 hospitalization of full vaccination (2 doses of mRNA product ≥14 days prior to illness onset) independently using data from self‐report or source documentation.ResultsOf 2520 patients, 594 (24%) did not have self‐reported vaccination information to assign vaccination group; these patients tended to be more severely ill. Among 1924 patients with both self‐report and source documentation information, 95.0% (95% CI: 93.9–95.9%) agreement was observed, with a kappa of 0.9127 (95% CI: 0.9109–0.9145). VE was 86% (95% CI: 81–90%) by self‐report data only and 85% (95% CI: 81‐89%) by source documentation data only.ConclusionsApproximately one‐quarter of hospitalized patients could not provide self‐report COVID‐19 vaccination status. Among patients with self‐report information, there was high concordance with source documented status. Self‐report may be a reasonable source of COVID‐19 vaccination information for timely VE assessment for public health action.
Phylogenomics of arboreal alligator lizards shed light on the geographical diversification of cloud forest‐adapted biotas
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Jorge , Nieto‐Montes de Oca Adrián , Ortego Joaquín , Zaldívar‐Riverón Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe proximate ecological and evolutionary processes underlying the high biodiversity of neotropical montane cloud forests are still very poorly understood. Climatic oscillations may have contributed to vicariance and cladogenesis, but also promoted secondary contact and erosion of genetic divergence. Here we tested whether geographical diversification – or its lack thereof – in a complex of arboreal alligator lizards is explained by range shifts during Quaternary climatic oscillations.LocationPine–oak and cloud forests, central Mexico.TaxonAbronia taeniata–gramineaspecies complex (Squamata: Anguidae: Gerrhonotinae).MethodsWe generated genomic data (ddRADseq) to infer patterns of geographical diversification in the complex, reconstruct its demographic history, estimate the timing of lineage split, and test for the presence of contemporary and/or historical hybridization. We evaluated whether the tempo and mode of diversification (i.e. strict isolation vs. secondary contact with introgression) are explained by the contemporary distribution of suitable habitats and/or range shifts experienced by the complex since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as inferred from environmental niche modelling (ENM).ResultsGenomic data supported a marked genetic structure within the complex, and phylogenomic and dating analyses revealed cryptic lineage diversification starting at the onset of the Pleistocene followed by secondary contact with limited introgression. ENM pointed to considerable range expansions of the complex during the LGM and a marked fragmentation and scarce connectivity among contemporary populations, which was supported by genomic‐based demographic reconstructions.Main ConclusionsThe geographical diversification of the complex has been moulded by vicariant events promoted by Pleistocene geologic and climatic changes impacting the distribution of their pine–oak and cloud forest habitats. Our data supported a model of divergence with introgression, indicating that pulses of population fragmentation and expansion during the Quaternary have led to multiple opportunities for both allopatric isolation and secondary contact.
Synergism between obesity and HFpEF on neutrophils phenotype and its regulation by adipose tissue‐molecules and SGLT2i dapagliflozin
Authors: Almengló Cristina , Fu Xiaoran , Flores‐Arias María Teresa , Fernández Ángel L. , Viñuela Juan E. , Martínez‐Cereijo José M. , Durán Darío , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , González‐Juanatey José R. , Eiras Sonia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe adiposity invokes innate immune activity, coronary microvascular dysfunction and consequently heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Our aim was to study the neutrophils profile on obesity and cardiovascular disease and its regulation by adipose tissue‐secretome and dapagliflozin. We have isolated neutrophils from patients undergoing open heart surgery (19 women and 51 men). Its migration activity was performed with culture‐transwell, transcriptional studies of proteolytic enzymes, adhesion molecules or receptors were analysed by real‐time PCR and proteomics (from 20 patients) analysis by TripleTOF mass spectrometer. Differentiated HL‐60 (dHL‐60) was used as a preclinical model on microfluidic for endothelial cells attaching assays and genes regulation with epicardial and subcutaneous fat secretomes from patients (3 women and 9 men) or dapagliflozin 1–10 μM treatments. The transcriptional and proteomics studies have determined higher levels of adhesion molecules in neutrophils from patients with obesity. The adhesion molecule CD11b levels were higher in those patients with the combined obesity and HFpEF factors (1.70 ± 0.06 a.u. without obesity, 1.72 ± 0.04 a.u. obesity or HFpEF without obesity and 1.79 ± 0.08 a.u. obesity and HFpEF; p < .01). While fat‐secretome induces its upregulation, dapagliflozin can modulated it. Because CD11b upregulation is associated with higher neutrophils migration and adhesion into endothelial cells, dapagliflozin might modulate this mechanism on patients with obesity and HFpEF.
Populist Capture of Foreign Policy Institutions: The Orbán Government and the De‐Europeanization of Hungarian Foreign Policy
Authors: Müller Patrick , Gazsi David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite a growing interest in the relationship between populism and foreign policy, we know little about how populists in power engage with Europeanized foreign policy institutions. Bridging between research on populism and foreign policy (de‐)Europeanization, this article develops a theoretical framework for examining the impact of PRR parties in government on core features of national foreign policy institutions. First, it identifies three dimensions – organizational priorities, the allocation of authority, and organizational culture – and related indicators for the assessment of foreign policy de‐Europeanization. Second, it argues that the impact of PRR parties in government on national foreign policy institutions depends on two main factors: their ‘foreign policy preferences’ and their ‘action capacity’. Whilst the article demonstrates substantial de‐Europeanization in Hungary's foreign policy institutions under successive Orbán governments, it also shows that the possession of a strong action capacity alone is not enough for institutional changes to take place.
The effect of iron deficiency on quality of life outcomes after surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Reynolds Zachary , Hibbert Nicole , Stevenson Paul , Vijayasekaran Shyan 
Published: July 2022

AimThis study aimed to assess the effect of iron deficiency on parent‐reported changes in quality of life (QOL) among children receiving an adenotonsillectomy for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).MethodsThis was a retrospective review study that recruited children under 16 years of age undergoing an adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or tonsillectomy for clinically diagnosed paediatric OSA between June 2020 and January 2021 inclusive, in Western Australia. The main outcome measures for this study were changes in QOL by age group and iron status, defined by an absolute change of more than 3 points on OSA‐18 survey domains.ResultsAbout 249 participants had iron studies performed on perioperative blood samples drawn at operation and completed both pre‐operative and post‐operative OSA‐18 QOL questionnaires at initial consultation and 8–12 weeks post‐surgery, respectively. 41.8% were iron deficient, 53.8% were borderline iron deficient and 4.4% had normal iron levels. Following surgery, a decrease was observed for all OSA‐18 score domains in post‐operation scores compared to pre‐operation scores in both iron‐deficient and borderline iron‐deficient cohorts. ‘Daytime Problems’ in the <2 years group, within the iron‐deficient cohort, was the only domain that found to be non‐superior (i.e. ‘not better’) following surgery.ConclusionsFollowing adenotonsillectomy, patients with paediatric OSA reported significant improvements in QOL regardless of their iron status. Those undergoing an adenotonsillectomy for paediatric OSA had a high prevalence of iron deficiency at operation, especially those under 6 years of age.
Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina
Authors: Carpenter Delesha M. , Zule William A. , Hennessy Caitlin M. , Evon Donna M. , Hurt Christopher B. , Ostrach Bayla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine associations between perceived ease of syringe access, syringe sources, injection behaviors, and law enforcement (LE) interactions among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural Appalachian North Carolina (NC).MethodsUsing respondent‐driven sampling, a diverse sample of 309 self‐reported PWID were recruited from rural Appalachian NC. Data were collected via audio computer‐assisted self‐interview technology from February 2019 through March 2020. Respondents reported demographics, sources of syringes, LE interactions, and injection behaviors. Univariate, bivariate, and linear regression analyses were performed.FindingsRespondents most often obtained syringes from pharmacies and syringe service programs (SSPs). Twenty‐one percent disagreed that it was easy to obtain sterile syringes, with 28% reporting low or no access to an SSP. PWID who reported longer physical distances to an SSP had greater difficulty accessing syringes (P<.001). PWID who reported greater ease of access to syringes reported engaging in receptive syringe sharing less often (P<.01). PWID who were stopped and searched by LE more often reported injecting drugs somebody else prepared with nonsterile supplies more often (P<.01). Participants shared used injection supplies more than twice as often than they shared used syringes.ConclusionsThese results underscore the importance of SSPs to mitigate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in rural areas. Supporting mobile SSP services in rural areas could increase access to sterile syringes and injection supplies. SSPs should educate PWID about the importance of not sharing injection supplies. Pharmacies could increase syringe access in areas where SSPs do not operate.
The wild boar Sus scrofa in northern Eurasia: a review of range expansion history, current distribution, factors affecting the northern distributional limit, and management strategies
Authors: Markov Niсkolay , Economov Alexander , Hjeljord Olav , Rolandsen Christer M. , Bergqvist Göran , Danilov Pjotr , Dolinin Vadim , Kambalin Victor , Kondratov Alexander , Krasnoshapka Nikolay , Kunnasranta Mervi , Mamontov Victor , Panchenko Danila , Senchik Alexander 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

The wild boar Sus scrofa is one of the most widely distributed large mammal species in the world, existing on all continents except Antarctica. In the late 20th Century, its geographical range expanded naturally and through intentional releases. Despite the environmental, social, and economic importance of the wild boar, its current distribution in northern Eurasia remains uncertain, and the factors that limit and promote expansion in northern ecosystems are unknown.

We aimed to summarise the history of wild boar range expansion and current distribution in the countries of northern Eurasia. We also assess the relative importance of climate (both harshness and warming), habitat (both current diversity and possible change), predators, releases, supplementary feeding, and hunting in limiting or promoting the distribution and range expansion of the species. We review hunting management and other regulations that may affect further northward expansion.

Information on wild boar expansion and distribution was collated from available scientific publications, official statistics, volunteer reports, and expert knowledge. The effects of natural factors (climate harshness, habitat variation, predators) and anthropogenic factors (climate warming, habitat change, releases, supplementary feeding, hunting) on wild boar distribution were assessed using estimates (scores) provided by experts from the target regions.

The wild boar in Europe is distributed up to 64°N. In Asia, the northern distributional limit is up to 61°N. The species' northern distributional limit is further north in the west than in the east of the geographic range.

Experts regarded climate harshness, habitat, and hunting as the most important factors limiting wild boar distribution. Important factors that promote the expansion of the wild boar's range include climate warming and supplementary feeding.

Our analysis of the official approaches to wild boar management suggests that the northern Eurasian countries do not have a united approach to the challenge of wild boar expansion. Collaboration between managers, policymakers, and researchers is needed for monitoring the wild boar distribution and range expansion throughout northern Eurasia. This data collection is especially important now, as parts of Europe and Asia are facing the challenge of African swine fever as well as other human–wildlife conflicts related to increasing wild boar populations.
Nanoarchitecture and molecular interactions of epithelial cell junction proteins revealed by super‐resolution microscopy
Authors: Naser Amna N. , Guiler William , Lu Qun , Chen Yan‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpithelial cells are polarized with defined apical tight junctions (TJs), lateral adherens junctions (AJs), and basal integrin–matrix interactions. However, it is increasingly recognized that resident cell junction proteins can be found in varying locations and with previously unrecognized functions. Our study here presents the nanoarchitecture and nanocolocalization of cell junction proteins in culture and tissue by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). The Z‐axial view of noncancerous MDCK‐II and PZ‐HPV‐7 cell–cell junctions resolved β‐catenin and p120ctn localizations to TJs and AJs, with p120ctn apical to β‐catenin and colocalizing with TJ protein claudin‐7. More basally, p120ctn and β‐catenin become colocalized. This topography was lost in isogenic Ras‐transformed MDCK cells and cancerous PC3 cells, where p120ctn becomes basally localized in relation to β‐catenin. Claudin‐7 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in mice also have altered polarity of p120ctn relative to β‐catenin, like that seen in normal‐to‐cancer cell phenotypic transformation. Additionally, claudin‐7 cKO resulted in redistribution and relocalization of other cell junction proteins, including claudin‐1, zonula occludens‐1, integrin α2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK); specifically, integrin α2 and FAK were observed at the apical–lateral compartment. Our data show that STORM reveals regional cellular junction nanoarchitecture previously uncharacterized, providing new insight into potential trans‐compartmental modulation of protein functions.