bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model development to estimate site index values for six major tree species in North Korea
Authors: Park Sohee , Yang A-Ram , Kim Eun-hee , Lim Joongbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to considerable deforestation in North Korea, there is a need to plan forest restoration programs based on scientific forest management. In this study, a methodology was developed for estimating the site index values of six major tree species and the forest productivity potential. The site index values of these tree species were derived in South Korea using the Chapman-Richards equation. These values were used with data from the 6th National Forest Inventory, which included 20 types of edaphic, topographic, and climatic factors, and random forest analysis—a widely used machine learning technique for spatial prediction—to develop a new model for estimating the site index values of these species across South Korea. The prediction accuracy of this model was evaluated using the root mean square error. The results show that the prediction accuracy was high, with a root mean square error of ~ 1 m. Moreover, the importance of the variables related to climate and geography was generally high. The proposed site index estimation model for six tree species was applied across North Korea, and its effectiveness tested by comparing the estimated values with those reported in literature from North Korea. The differences between the model outputs and recorded data in the northern alpine regions were presumably due to the lack of data for high-altitude regions in South Korea. This model is based on the determination of the suitability of tree species in restoration efforts. Therefore, it can contribute to the evaluation of forest productivity in North Korea and may help plan efficient forest restoration programs.
Revisiting the Timeline of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Toward a Temporal Risk Profile
Authors: Schmidt Tobias Philip , Weiss Miriam , Hoellig Anke , Nikoubashman Omid , Schulze-Steinen Henna , Albanna Walid , Clusmann Hans , Schubert Gerrit Alexander , Veldeman Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is one of the main determinants of clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The classical description of risk for DCI over time is currently based on the outdated concept of angiographic vasospasm. The goal of this study was to assess the temporal risk profile of DCI, defined by extended clinical and radiological criteria, as well as the impact the time point of DCI onset has on clinical outcome.

Methods
All patients with aneurysmal SAH referred to a single tertiary care center between 2010 and 2018 were considered for inclusion. This study was designed as a retrospective cohort analysis and data were extracted from existing patient files. In conscious patients, DCI was diagnosed clinically, and in unconscious patients, diagnosis was based on perfusion computed tomography imaging and multimodal neuromonitoring. Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale scores were assessed after 12 months and compared between patients with early (< day 7) and late (≥ day 7) DCI onset.

Results
The median delay from day of the hemorrhage (day 0) until detection of the first DCI event was 7.0 days, with an interquartile range of 5 days. The probability of DCI development over time demonstrated a bimodal distribution with a peak risk on day 5 (0.084; confidence interval 0.05.5–0.122) and a second peak on day 9 (0.077; confidence interval 0.045–0.120). A total of 27 patients (15.6%) suffered dominant hemispheric or severe bilateral DCI-related infarctions, resulting in the withdrawal of technical life support. Of those, the majority (20 patients, 22.2%) presented with early DCI onset (vs. late onset: 7 patients, 8.4%; p = 0.013).

Conclusions
The risk profile of DCI over time mirrors the description of angiographic vasospasm; however, it comes with an added timely delay of 1 to 2 days. Early occurrence of DCI (before day 7) is associated with a higher infarct load and DCI-related mortality. Although the exact causal relationship remains to be determined, the time point of DCI onset may serve as an independent prognostic criterion in decision-making.
Isotopic insights into the early Medieval (600–1100 CE) diet in the Luistari cemetery at Eura, Finland
Authors: Etu-Sihvola H. , Salo K. , Naito Y. I. , Kytökari M. , Ohkouchi N. , Oinonen M. , Heyd V. , Arppe L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, we present the results of an isotopic study of diet for the early medieval (Merovingian, Viking, Early Christian) humans buried in the unique Luistari cemetery at Eura (ca. 600–1400 CE), southwestern Finland, the largest cemetery of the region. Isotope analysis was conducted on 37 humans for dentine and bone collagen (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S), and five of them were also studied using compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis. Dental enamel and/or bone carbonate δ13C values were studied from altogether 65 humans, five cattle, and five sheep/goats. The bone and dentine collagen and carbonate data show that throughout the centuries, freshwater fish was a stable part of the diet for the population. Our results do not show systematic dietary differences between estimated males and females, but differences can be large on the individual level. We also discovered a possible temporal change in the enamel carbonate ẟ13C values that could be related to the increasing role of carbohydrates (e.g., crops) in the diet. Luistari burials are well comparable to contemporary Swedish Viking trading communities like Birka in their higher protein intake. But contrary to the wider Viking network, they do not show the same marine signal.
Automated vehicle inspection model using a deep learning approach
Authors: Fouad Mohamed Mostafa , Malawany Karim , Osman Ahmed Gamil , Amer Hatem Mohamed , Abdulkhalek Ahmed Mohamed , Eldin Abeer Badr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImage-based inspection is a growing area with a large scope of automation. The automatic classification of vehicle damages would make the insurance claim much faster and more efficient. This can effectively reduce the claiming cost. This paper presents, an image classification model using an adapted version of pre-trained convolutional neural networks. The pre-trained neural networks were, the VGG-19 and DenseNet-169. The proposed model is a pipeline that established with fully connected layers for additional damage classification. The final proposed model improves the feature extraction process. The dataset had a class imbalance problem, so a weighted loss function had been used to solve such problem. The model employed binary cross-entropy as a loss function, and sigmoid activation was applied to the output layers as independent layers. Finally, the model presents a multi-label classifier, where one image may be assigned to many labels. The model classifies vehicle damage through five classes: broken glass, broken headlights, broken taillights, scratches, and dents. A four-layer neural network was employed for the classification, along with several regularization approaches to handle overfitting problem. The final results showed that the DenseNet-169 had a better accuracy of 81%, whereas VGG-19 had a 78%. Another approach had been proposed where it had a mix of transfer and ensemble learning approaches. This final approach had an accuracy of 85.5% and F1-scores of 0.855.
User Engagement on a Novel Educational Health Intervention Aimed at Increasing HPV Vaccine Uptake in Hong Kong: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Butt Laveeza , Lee Vivian Wing Yan , Lui Grace Chung Yan , Lau Alexander Yuk Lun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHPV vaccine uptake rates are suboptimal in Hong Kong. A multi-disciplinary school-based HPV health-promotion programme (MDL-SHPVP) aimed at raising HPV knowledge levels and increasing vaccine uptake has therefore been developed to address vaccine hesitancy. This qualitative study was conducted to collect user feedback and identify the strengths and limitations of the educational resources developed for the programme among key vaccination stakeholders including adolescent girls and their mothers. Twenty-six participants including eight mother-daughter dyads, four teachers, three social workers, two school principals and one school nurse were recruited. To cater to the diverse audience, ten educational videos, three animations, a digital game and one booklet were developed for the programme and distributed to the participants for viewing. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to collect feedback on the acceptability and effectiveness of the resources. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and resulting data were thematically analysed. Three themes and six sub-themes emerged. The educational materials were well-received and effective in raising HPV-knowledge levels, generating confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness, and boosting vaccination intention. Some doubts regarding vaccine necessity remained, and recommendations for improving resource presentation and accessibility were provided. Our findings suggest that the MDL-SHPVP has the potential to boost HPV vaccine uptake. Future studies may explore educational interventions which target to increase not only HPV vaccination intention but also the sense of urgency so as to encourage timely vaccination for adolescents at the ideal age. Study findings may also provide directions for the development of future health education interventions.
Community deception: from undirected to directed networks
Authors: Fionda Valeria , Madi Saif Aldeen , Pirrò Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCommunity deception is about hiding a target community that wants to remain below the radar of community detection algorithms. The goal is to devise algorithms that, given a maximum number of updates (e.g., edge additions and removal), strive to find the best way to perform such updates in order to hide the target community inside the community structure found by a detection algorithm. So far, community deception has only been studied for undirected networks, although many real-world networks (e.g., Twitter) are directed. One way to overcome this problem would be to treat the network as undirected. However, this approach discards potentially helpful information in the edge directions (e.g., A follows B does not imply that B follows A). The aim of this paper is threefold. First, to give an account of the state-of-the-art community deception techniques in undirected networks underlying their peculiarities. Second, to investigate the community deception problem in directed networks and to show how deception techniques proposed for undirected networks should be modified and adapted to work on directed networks. Third, to evaluate deception techniques both in undirected and directed networks. Our experimental evaluation on a variety of (large) directed networks shows that techniques that work well for undirected networks fail short when directly applied to directed networks, thus underlying the need for specific approaches.
Can the relationship between overweight/obesity and sleep quality be explained by affect and behaviour?
Authors: Eid S. W. , Brown R. F. , Maloney S. K. , Birmingham C. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeSleep impairment is reported to be a consequence of overweight and obesity. However, the weight–sleep relationship can alternately be explained by demographics (e.g. age) and covariates (i.e. mood/affect and behaviour in overweight/obese people; e.g. night-eating). Thus, we examined the weight–sleep quality relationship after controlling for the effects of affect and common behaviour (i.e. night-eating, insufficient exercise, alcohol and electronic device use).MethodsOnline questionnaires asked 161 overweight, obese or normal-weight participants about their sleep quality, night-eating, physical activity, alcohol use, electronic device use and anxiety and depression at T0 (baseline) and T1 (3 months later). Height and weight and waist and hip circumference were objectively measured at T0 and T1, and physical activity was assessed over 24 h (using actigraphy) at T0 and T1. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses evaluated whether the weight measures (i.e. body-mass-index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR] and obesity category [overweight/obese vs. normal-weight]) predicted sleep quality and its components at T0 and T1, after controlling demographics (at step 1) and covariates (affective distress and behaviour) at step 2, and entering weight measures at step 3; maximum 8 variables in the analyses.ResultsHigh BMI predicted several aspects of sleep quality after taking into account co-existing behaviour, affect and demographics: sleep disturbances at T0 and lower sleep efficiency at T1. WHR and obesity category did not predict any aspects of sleep quality. Several co-existing behaviour were related to or predicted sleep quality score and aspects of sleep quality including night-eating, alcohol use and electronic device use and affective symptoms (i.e. anxiety, depression).ConclusionResults suggest that a person’s weight may impact on their sleep quality above and beyond the effects of their co-existing behaviour and affect, although their co-existing behaviour and affect may also adversely impact on sleep quality.Level of evidenceLevel III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort.
Pro-Social Rule Breaking as a Benchmark of Ethical Intelligence in Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Ramanayake Rajitha , Nallur Vivek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current mainstream approaches to ethical intelligence in modern socio-technical systems have weaknesses. This paper argues that implementing and validating pro-social rule breaking behaviour can be used as a mechanism to overcome these weaknesses and introduce a sample scenario that can be used to validate this behaviour.
Advanced mid-infrared lightsources above and beyond lasers and their analytical utility
Authors: Hlavatsch Michael , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range, a series of applications have successfully been shown in the fields of sensing, security and defense, energy conservation, and communications. In particular, rapid and recent developments in MIR light sources have significantly increased the interest in developing MIR optical systems, sensors, and diagnostics especially for chem/bio detection schemes and molecular analytical application scenarios. In addition to the advancements in optoelectronic light sources, and especially quantum and interband cascade lasers (QCLs, ICLs) largely driving the increasing interest in the MIR regime, also thermal emitters and light emitting diodes (LEDs) offer opportunities to alternatively fill current gaps in spectral coverage specifically with analytical applications and chem/bio sensing/diagnostics in the focus. As MIR laser technology has been broadly covered in a variety of articles, the present review aims at summarizing recent developments in MIR non-laser light sources highlighting their analytical utility in the MIR wavelength range.Graphical abstract
Marriage, bridewealth and power: critical reflections on women's autonomy across settings in Africa
Authors: Akurugu Constance Awinpoka , Dery Isaac , Domanban Paul Bata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines ongoing discourses on the importance of the marriage payment and its role in constraining women's autonomy across societies in Africa. First, we review how bridewealth has been conceptualised across multiple disciplines, including the work of evolutionary human scientists. We then summarise our research grounded in residential ethnographic fieldwork data collected over a period of a year in a rural settlement in north-western Ghana. Feminist accounts on women's lived experiences throughout bridewealth practising societies point to their subordination. In some contexts, including northern Ghana, bridewealth is perceived as engendering women's oppression. To liberate women from patriarchal norms, some gender advocates call for undoing of the institution of the marriage payment. Nonetheless, the women who bear the brunt of gendered oppression and the men who derive patriarchal dividends from it are averse to this undoing discourse as the bridewealth normatively secures legitimacy for women. Undoing bridewealth may mean further rendering precarious women's status in the marital family. We conclude that rather than undoing the revered institution of bridewealth, there is need to build on culturally appropriate notions of communitarianism as encapsulated by the Ubuntu philosophy and indigenous systems such as the traditional courts for negotiating the rights of women.
Risk factors for COVID-19-related stress among college-going students
Authors: Bhargav Madhav , Swords Lorraine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To explore the degree of COVID-19-related stress among college students enrolled in higher level institutions and identify socio-demographic and psychosocial factors that may predict, or be associated with, higher levels of pandemic-related distress.Method:Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey completed by 321 college students primarily recruited from Universities in Ireland. Ages ranged between 18–21 years (n = 176) and 22–25 years (n = 145). Participants answered some demographic questions before completing scales assessing their experience of childhood adversity, their present resilience and levels of psychological distress, as well as their COVID-19-specific stress.Results:Multiple regression analysis revealed that students who were female, who had chronic illness, who experienced monetary concerns and who expressed psychological distress experienced greater stress related to COVID-19.Conclusion:Findings suggest that certain categories of college students may be at higher risk for experiencing poor mental health during a global pandemic. Higher level institutions should consider this when designing and delivering support services aiming to promote student mental health and alleviate mental distress.
Two-day fasting affects kynurenine pathway with additional modulation of short-term whole-body cooling: a quasi-randomised crossover trial
Authors: Solianik Rima , Schwieler Lilly , Trepci Ada , Erhardt Sophie , Brazaitis Marius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetabolites of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation have attracted interest as potential pathophysiological mediators and future diagnostic biomarkers. A greater knowledge of the pathological implications of the metabolites is associated with a need for a better understanding of how the normal behaviour and physiological activities impact their concentrations. This study aimed to investigate whether fasting (FAST) and whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) affect KYN pathway metabolites. Thirteen young women were randomly assigned to receive the 2-d FAST with two 10-min CWI on separate days (FAST-CWI), 2-d FAST without CWI (FAST-CON), 2-d two CWI on separate days without FAST (CON-CWI) or the 2-d usual diet without CWI (CON-CON) in a randomised crossover fashion. Changes in plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK), picolinic acid (PIC), quinolinic acid (QUIN) and nicotinamide (NAA) were determined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. FAST-CWI and FAST-CON lowered TRP concentration (P < 0·05, ηp2 = 0·24), and increased concentrations of KYNA, 3-HK and PIC (P < 0·05, ηp2 = 0·21–0·71) with no additional effects of CWI. The ratio of PIC/QUIN increased after FAST-CWI and FAST-CON trials (P < 0·05) but with a blunted effect in the FAST-CWI trial (P < 0·05) compared with the FAST-CON trials (ηp2 = 0·67). Concentrations of QUIN and NAA were unaltered. This study demonstrated that fasting for 2 d considerably impacts the concentration of several metabolites in the KYN pathway. This should be considered when discussing the potential of KYN pathway metabolites as biomarkers.
Thirsty cities? The supply, management, and perception of water in Byzantine North Africa
Authors: Lamare Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCities of North Africa experienced a long occupation up to the late 7th c. CE. Despite numerous studies on Late Antique urbanism, no systematic investigation of urban hydraulics has been carried out so far. This paper examines the hydraulic topography of three cities in the Byzantine period (ca. 6th c. CE): Leptis Magna (Tripolitania), Sbeitla (Byzacena), and Timgad (Numidia). This analysis assesses to what extent Late Antique societies managed the cities’ water supply by maintaining or transforming preexisting hydraulic networks. It considers the continuity of aqueducts and the reorganization of water networks, the state of hydraulic management and technology, and the perception of water resources. The hydraulic networks inherited from the Early Roman period were to some extent preserved, although greatly adapted to new concerns for security and new technical and environmental constraints, illustrating the resilience of Late Antique societies.
Old and new evidence for glass in opera sectilia: visual dialogues between appearance and reality
Authors: Gasparini Eleonora 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the phenomenon of glass in wall and floor opera sectilia from the Hellenistic period to Late Antiquity. This type of decoration was developed in Alexandria – as testified by archaeological finds – and then spread across the Greco-Roman world. In Rome the art created a backdrop for a series of displays – especially in imperial palaces and elite housing – that spanned the Imperial era. All the great metropolises were graced by it, including the new capital of the East, Constantinople, where it underwent a renewed flowering. This article analyzes the use of glass material mostly as inserts in marble compositions and, more rarely, in wholly vitreous compositions. It reflects upon the meaning of these different decorative products and attempts to interpret their economic, aesthetic, and symbolic implications.
Losses of Tree Cover in California Driven by Increasing Fire Disturbance and Climate Stress
Authors: Wang Jonathan A. , Randerson James T. , Goulden Michael L. , Knight Clarke A. , Battles John J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForests provide natural climate solutions for sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change, yet are increasingly threatened by increasing temperature and disturbance. Understanding these threats requires accurate information on vegetation dynamics and their drivers, which is currently lacking in many regions experiencing rapid climate change such as California. To address this, we combined remote sensing observations with geospatial databases to develop annual maps of vegetation cover (tree, shrub, and herbaceous) and disturbance type (fire, harvest, and forest die‐off) in California at 30 m resolution from 1985 to 2021. Considering both changes in cover fraction and areal extent, California lost 4,566 km2 of its tree cover area (6.7% relative to initial cover) since 1985. Substantial gains in tree cover area during the 1990s were more than offset by fire‐driven declines since 2000, resulting in greater shrub and herbaceous cover area. Tree cover loss occurred in all ecoregions but was most severe in the southern mountains, where losses from wildfire were not compensated by regrowth in undisturbed areas. Fires and tree cover area loss generally occurred where summer temperatures were greater than 17.5°C, whereas net tree cover gain often occurred in cooler areas, suggesting that ongoing climate warming is threatening forests in many areas. California's vegetation is undergoing rapid transformation, with disturbance rates and climate change posing substantial potential risks to the integrity of California's terrestrial carbon sink.