bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of ULF Waves in the Spatial and Temporal Periodicity of Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Shi Xiaofei , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Artemyev Anton , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Hartinger Michael D. , Tsai Ethan , Wilkins Colin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnergetic electron precipitation to the Earth's atmosphere is a key process controlling radiation belt dynamics and magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. One of the main drivers of precipitation is electron resonant scattering by whistler‐mode waves. Low‐altitude observations of such precipitation often reveal quasi‐periodicity in the ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) range associated with whistler‐mode waves, causally linked to ULF‐modulated equatorial electron flux and its anisotropy. Conjunctions between ground‐based instruments and equatorial spacecraft show that low‐altitude precipitation concurrent with equatorial whistler‐mode waves also exhibits a spatial periodicity as a function of latitude over a large spatial region. Whether this spatial periodicity might also be due to magnetospheric ULF waves spatially modulating electron fluxes and whistler‐mode chorus has not been previously addressed due to a lack of conjunctions between equatorial spacecraft, low earth orbit spacecraft, and ground‐based instruments. To examine this question, we combine ground‐based and equatorial observations magnetically conjugate to observations of precipitation at the low‐altitude, polar‐orbiting CubeSats Electron Losses and Fields Investigation‐A and ‐B. As they sequentially cross the outer radiation belt with a temporal separation of minutes to tens of minutes, they can easily reveal the spatial quasi‐periodicity of electron precipitation. Our combined data sets confirm that ULF waves may modulate whistler‐mode wave generation within a large magnetic local time and L‐shell domain in the equatorial magnetosphere, and thus lead to significant aggregate energetic electron precipitation exhibiting both temporal and spatial periodicity. Our results suggest that the coupling between ULF and whistler‐mode waves is important for outer radiation belt dynamics.
Impact of Wildfires on Mineral Dust Emissions in Europe
Authors: Menut Laurent , Siour Guillaume , Bessagnet Bertrand , Cholakian Arineh , Pennel Romain , Mailler Sylvain 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMineral dust emissions mainly depend on soil erodibility and near‐surface wind speeds. During biomass burning episodes, pyroconvection locally generates high surface wind speed and non‐desert surfaces (such as forest and shrubs) are partially replaced by barren soil. These effects may induce additional mineral dust emission. However, they are generally not taken into account in chemistry‐transport models since the biomass burning and mineral dust emissions are usually considered as independent processes. This may lead to an underestimation of the mineral dust emissions and therefore of the transported concentrations. In this study, this link is added in the CHIMERE chemistry‐transport model. The summer of 2021 is modeled over Europe using the coupled WRF‐CHIMERE system. Simulations with and without the link between emission processes are performed. Results are compared to observations such as surface measurements of ozone and particulate matter by EEA and aerosol optical depth by AERONET. With more emitted mineral dust, an effect is found on the whole meteorological and chemical system: wind, temperature, cloud, gas (such as ozone with a few ppb changes) and aerosol concentrations are changed. The effect does not appear to be very important but significant enough to have to be taken into account in future modeling.
Stretched Thin: Oligocene Extrusion and Ductile Thinning of the Basal Unit Along the Evia Shear Zone, NW Cyclades, Greece
Authors: Ducharme T. A. , Schneider D. A. , Grasemann B. , Klonowska I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present field‐based structural, geochronological, and petrological evidence for a major new Oligocene extensional shear zone, the Evia Shear Zone (ESZ), on the island of Evia in the NW Aegean Sea. Strain related to this structure occurs in a diffuse zone structurally underlying the nappe contact between the Cycladic Blueschist Unit and Basal Unit, within rock previously attributed to the Tsakei Unit or Basal Unit metaflysch. Structures within the ESZ record stretching in both the X and Y directions under ductile and brittle‐ductile conditions, indicative of a component of oblate coaxial strain during overall top‐to‐E general shear. New white mica 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from the ESZ shows that the structure was accommodating ductile deformation in the late Oligocene. Thermodynamic modeling shows that rock within the ESZ records greenschist facies retrogressive conditions of 310 ± 15°C and 7 ± 1 kbar. Zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronology demonstrates that both the CBU and Basal Unit had exhumed into the brittle crust by the middle Miocene, slightly earlier than indicated by low‐temperature thermochronology for the HP‐LT units throughout the Aegean. We interpret these data as evidence that the Basal Unit underwent rapid exhumation via syn‐orogenic processes persisting until at least the early Miocene, facilitated in part by normal‐sense displacement along the ESZ. The occurrence of structures representative of coaxial deformation in the shear zone alludes to a major role for ductile thinning in controlling exhumation of HP rocks in the Cyclades, perhaps influencing the relative rates of exhumation observed across the region.
A Simple Analytical Method to Assess Multiple‐Priority Water Rights in Carryover Systems
Authors: Ren Peizhen , Stewardson Michael , Peel Murray 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSimple analytical storage–reliability–yield relationships have traditionally only considered a single reliability for a single yield, yet many reservoirs supply water of different priorities. Simulation models may be used to handle such multiple‐priority water rights but these models are complex and usually system specific. Here we propose a simple analytical method based on Gould‐Dincer to estimate yields in dual and triple priority allocation systems from a carryover storage. This allows rapid assessment of changes in water resource availability for different water priorities, potentially over large spatial scales. We use a dam simulation model to assess this method at 15 sites across six continents and find that the “dual‐priority” and “triple‐priority” G‐D methods can reproduce the results of the dam simulation model. Thus, the method could be generalized for multiple priority allocation systems use. We demonstrate the potential utility of the “dual‐priority” G‐D method through an evaluation of the optimum yield between high and low‐priority water rights (HPWR and LPWR) from hypothetical (but realistic) carryover systems. It confirms the possibility that “dual‐priority” water allocation may be beneficial overall compared to a single‐priority water right. By balancing the yield of HPWR and LPWR, the optimum marginal value of available water (i.e., sum of high‐ and low‐priority water) can be achieved. Overall, the method provides a simple way for rapid assessment across multiple sites allowing insights into optimal allocation practices and the interacting driving factors that affect them at a regional‐to‐global scale.
An Efficient Approach for Automatic Complex Fractured Networks Parameter Inversion Based on Surrogate Model and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Dong Peng , Li Dexuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractComplex fracture networks are commonly generated in subsurface reservoirs, and the first and primary task is to understand their transport characteristics and properties. Like pumping test interpretation, the well‐testing interpretation is an effective means for transport characteristics analysis and parameter estimations, this work attempts to propose a parameter inversion approach for complex fracture networks based on well‐testing interpretation. Given that non‐unique solutions and computational inefficiencies are obstacles to practical interpretation, especially when complex fractures are existing, a new deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based approach is proposed for automatic curve matching on complex fractured networks well‐testing interpretation. Based on twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm, the proposed DRL approach is successfully applied to automatic matching of complex fractured networks' well test curves. In addition, to improve the training efficiency, a surrogate model of the well test model based on bidirectional GRU (Bi‐GRU) neural network was established. After episodic training, the agent finally converged to an optimal curve matching policy through interaction with the surrogate model. The results show that the average relative error of the curve's parameter interpretation is 4.34%. Additionally, the results from the case studies show that the proposed DRL approach has a high calculation speed.
Quantifying Subsurface Flow and Solute Transport in a Snowmelt‐Recharged Hillslope With Multiyear Water Balance
Authors: Tokunaga Tetsu K. , Tran Anh Phuong , Wan Jiamin , Dong Wenming , Newman Alexander W. , Beutler Curtis A. , Brown Wendy , Henderson Amanda N. , Williams Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantifying flow and transport from hillslopes is vital for understanding water quantity and quality in rivers, but remains obscure because of limited subsurface measurements. Using measured hydraulic conductivity K profiles and water balance over a single year to calibrate a transmissivity feedback model for a hillslope in the East River watershed (Colorado) proved unsatisfactory for predicting flow over the subsequent years. Well‐constrained field‐scale K were obtained by optimizing subsurface flux predictions over years having large differences in recharge, and by including estimates of interannual transfer of excess snowmelt recharge. Water and solute exports during high snowmelt recharge occur predominantly via shallow groundwater flow through weathered rock and soil because of their enlarged transmissivities under saturated conditions. Conversely, these shallow pathways are less active in snow drought years when the water table remains deeper within the weathering zone. Hillslope soil water monitoring showed that rainfall does not infiltrate deeply during summer and fall months, and revealed water losses consistent with model ET predictions. By combining water table‐dependent fluxes with pore water chemistry in different zones, time‐dependent rates of solute exports become predictable. As an example, calibrated K were combined with dissolved nitrogen concentrations in pore waters to show the snowmelt‐dependence of reactive nitrogen exported from the hillslope, further supporting the recent finding that the weathering zone is the dominant source of reactive nitrogen at this site. Subsurface export predictions can now be obtained for wide ranges of recharge based on measurements of water table elevation and profiles of pore water chemistry.
SCON—a Short Conditional intrON for conditional knockout with one-step zygote injection
Authors: Wu Szu-Hsien Sam , Lee Heetak , Szép-Bakonyi Réka , Colozza Gabriele , Boese Ayse , Gert Krista R. , Hallay Natalia , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Jihoon , Zhu Yi , Linssen Margot M. , Pilat-Carotta Sandra , Hohenstein Peter , Theussl Hans-Christian , Pauli Andrea , Koo Bon-Kyoung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe generation of conditional alleles using CRISPR technology is still challenging. Here, we introduce a Short Conditional intrON (SCON, 189 bp) that enables the rapid generation of conditional alleles via one-step zygote injection. In this study, a total of 13 SCON mouse lines were successfully generated by 2 different laboratories. SCON has conditional intronic functions in various vertebrate species, and its target insertion is as simple as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene tagging.
Light People: Prof. John Bowers spoke about silicon photonics
Authors: Guo Chenzi , Wan Yating 
Published: December 2022

EditorialSilicon photonics is advancing rapidly with many scientific and engineering advances and many new applications for photonics. To highlight the topic, Light: Science & Applications invited John Bowers, director of the Institute for Energy Efficiency and distinguished professor from the University of California, Santa Barbara, to talk about the fundamentals and industries, and give a future perspective of silicon photonics. The below is summarized from the video interview of Prof. Bowers. The original interview can be accessed in Supplementary video.
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 orchestrates the interplay between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells to determine the outcome of immune-mediated hepatitis
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Ni Yajie , Lu Qingmiao , Liang Yan , Gu Mengru , Xue Xian , Dai Chunsun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cell-cell interaction between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) is crucial for maintaining liver homeostasis, and the loss of KCs and hepatocytes is known to represent a common pathogenic phenomenon in autoimmune hepatitis. Until now, the mechanisms of cell-cell interaction between hepatocytes and KCs involved in immune-mediated hepatitis remains unclear. Here we dissected the impact of activated mTORC1 on the cell-cell interaction of KCs and hepatocyte in immune-mediated hepatitis. In the liver from patients with AIH and mice administrated with Con-A, mTORC1 was activated in both KCs and hepatocytes. The activated mTORC1 signal in hepatocytes with Con-A challenge caused a markedly production of miR-329-3p. Upregulated miR-329-3p inhibited SGMS1 expression in KCs through paracrine, resulting in the death of KCs. Most of maintained KCs were p-S6 positive and distributed in hepatocyte mTORC1 negative area. The activation of mTORC1 enabled KCs expressed complement factor B (CFB) to enhance the complement alternative system, which produced more complement factors to aggravate liver injury. Our findings remonstrate a heterogeneous role of mTORC1 in specific cell type for maintaining tolerogenic liver environment, and will form the basis for the development of new interventions against immune-mediated hepatitis.
Genetic manipulation of the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta reveals a widespread family of transcriptional regulators
Authors: Dong Xueyang , Guthrie Ben G. H. , Alexander Margaret , Noecker Cecilia , Ramirez Lorenzo , Glasser Nathaniel R. , Turnbaugh Peter J. , Balskus Emily P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEggerthella lenta is a prevalent human gut Actinobacterium implicated in drug, dietary phytochemical, and bile acid metabolism and associated with multiple human diseases. No genetic tools are currently available for the direct manipulation of E. lenta. Here, we construct shuttle vectors and develop methods to transform E. lenta and other Coriobacteriia. With these tools, we characterize endogenous E. lenta constitutive and inducible promoters using a reporter system and construct inducible expression systems, enabling tunable gene regulation. We also achieve genome editing by harnessing an endogenous type I-C CRISPR-Cas system. Using these tools to perform genetic knockout and complementation, we dissect the functions of regulatory proteins and enzymes involved in catechol metabolism, revealing a previously unappreciated family of membrane-spanning LuxR-type transcriptional regulators. Finally, we employ our genetic toolbox to study the effects of E. lenta genes on mammalian host biology. By greatly expanding our ability to study and engineer gut Coriobacteriia, these tools will reveal mechanistic details of host-microbe interactions and provide a roadmap for genetic manipulation of other understudied human gut bacteria.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike triggers barrier dysfunction and vascular leak via integrins and TGF-β signaling
Authors: Biering Scott B. , Gomes de Sousa Francielle Tramontini , Tjang Laurentia V. , Pahmeier Felix , Zhu Chi , Ruan Richard , Blanc Sophie F. , Patel Trishna S. , Worthington Caroline M. , Glasner Dustin R. , Castillo-Rojas Bryan , Servellita Venice , Lo Nicholas T. N. , Wong Marcus P. , Warnes Colin M. , Sandoval Daniel R. , Clausen Thomas Mandel , Santos Yale A. , Fox Douglas M. , Ortega Victoria , Näär Anders M. , Baric Ralph S. , Stanley Sarah A. , Aguilar Hector C. , Esko Jeffrey D. , Chiu Charles Y. , Pak John E. , Beatty P. Robert , Harris Eva 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSevere COVID-19 is associated with epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction within the lung as well as in distal organs. While it is appreciated that an exaggerated inflammatory response is associated with barrier dysfunction, the triggers of vascular leak are unclear. Here, we report that cell-intrinsic interactions between the Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and epithelial/endothelial cells are sufficient to induce barrier dysfunction in vitro and vascular leak in vivo, independently of viral replication and the ACE2 receptor. We identify an S-triggered transcriptional response associated with extracellular matrix reorganization and TGF-β signaling. Using genetic knockouts and specific inhibitors, we demonstrate that glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and the TGF-β signaling axis are required for S-mediated barrier dysfunction. Notably, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused leak in vivo, which was reduced by inhibiting integrins. Our findings offer mechanistic insight into SARS-CoV-2-triggered vascular leak, providing a starting point for development of therapies targeting COVID-19.
Structure of the AlgKX modification and secretion complex required for alginate production and biofilm attachment in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gheorghita Andreea A. , Li Yancheng E. , Kitova Elena N. , Bui Duong T. , Pfoh Roland , Low Kristin E. , Whitfield Gregory B. , Walvoort Marthe T. C. , Zhang Qingju , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Klassen John S. , Howell P. Lynne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSynthase-dependent secretion systems are a conserved mechanism for producing exopolysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. Although widely studied, it is not well understood how these systems are organized to coordinate polymer biosynthesis, modification, and export across both membranes and the peptidoglycan. To investigate how synthase-dependent secretion systems produce polymer at a molecular level, we determined the crystal structure of the AlgK-AlgX (AlgKX) complex involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate exopolysaccharide acetylation and export. We demonstrate that AlgKX directly binds alginate oligosaccharides and that formation of the complex is vital for polymer production and biofilm attachment. Finally, we propose a structural model for the AlgEKX outer membrane modification and secretion complex. Together, our study provides insight into how alginate biosynthesis proteins coordinate production of a key exopolysaccharide involved in establishing persistent Pseudomonas lung infections.
Structural basis for a human broadly neutralizing influenza A hemagglutinin stem-specific antibody including H17/18 subtypes
Authors: Chen Yulu , Wang Fei , Yin Liwei , Jiang Haihai , Lu Xishan , Bi Yuhai , Zhang Wei , Shi Yi , Burioni Roberto , Tong Zhou , Song Hao , Qi Jianxun , Gao George F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfluenza infection continues are a persistent threat to public health. The identification and characterization of human broadly neutralizing antibodies can facilitate the development of antibody drugs and the design of universal influenza vaccines. Here, we present structural information for the human antibody PN-SIA28’s heterosubtypic binding of hemagglutinin (HA) from circulating and emerging potential influenza A viruses (IAVs). Aside from group 1 and 2 conventional IAV HAs, PN-SIA28 also inhibits membrane fusion mediated by bat-origin H17 and H18 HAs. Crystallographic analyses of Fab alone or in complex with H1, H14, and H18 HA proteins reveal that PN-SIA28 binds to a highly conserved epitope in the fusion domain of different HAs, with the same CDRHs but different CDRLs for different HAs tested, distinguishing it from other structurally characterized anti-stem antibodies. The binding characteristics of PN-SIA28 provides information to support the design of increasingly potent engineered antibodies, antiviral drugs, and/or universal influenza vaccines.
A one-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework with extended π-d conjugated nanoribbon layers
Authors: Shang Shengcong , Du Changsheng , Liu Youxing , Liu Minghui , Wang Xinyu , Gao Wenqiang , Zou Ye , Dong Jichen , Liu Yunqi , Chen Jianyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have performed well in the fields of energy and catalysis, among which two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MOFs are well-known. Here, we have synthesized a one-dimensional (1D) conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) in which hexacoordinated 1,5-Diamino-4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraceneedione (DDA) ligands are connected by double Cu ions, resulting in nanoribbon layers with 1D π-d conjugated nanoribbon plane and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which facilitates charge transport along two dimensions. The DDA-Cu as a highly conductive n-type MOF has high crystalline quality with a conductivity of ~ 9.4 S·m−1, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional 1D MOFs. Its electrical band gap (Eg) and exciton binding energy (Eb) are approximately 0.49 eV and 0.3 eV, respectively. When utilized as electrode material in a supercapacitor, the DDA-Cu exhibits good charge storage capacity and cycle stability. Meanwhile, as thse active semiconductor layer, it successfully simulates the artificial visual perception system with excellent bending resistance and air stability as a MOF-based flexible optoelectronic synaptic case. The controllable preparation of high-quality 1D DDA-Cu MOF may enable new architectural designs and various applications in the future.
Data-driven design of molecular nanomagnets
Authors: Duan Yan , Rosaleny Lorena E. , Coutinho Joana T. , Giménez-Santamarina Silvia , Scheie Allen , Baldoví José J. , Cardona-Serra Salvador , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree decades of research in molecular nanomagnets have raised their magnetic memories from liquid helium to liquid nitrogen temperature thanks to a wise choice of the magnetic ion and coordination environment. Still, serendipity and chemical intuition played a main role. In order to establish a powerful framework for statistically driven chemical design, here we collected chemical and physical data for lanthanide-based nanomagnets, catalogued over 1400 published experiments, developed an interactive dashboard (SIMDAVIS) to visualise the dataset, and applied inferential statistical analysis. Our analysis shows that the Arrhenius energy barrier correlates unexpectedly well with the magnetic memory. Furthermore, as both Orbach and Raman processes can be affected by vibronic coupling, chemical design of the coordination scheme may be used to reduce the relaxation rates. Indeed, only bis-phthalocyaninato sandwiches and metallocenes, with rigid ligands, consistently present magnetic memory up to high temperature. Analysing magnetostructural correlations, we offer promising strategies for improvement, in particular for the preparation of pentagonal bipyramids, where even softer complexes are protected against molecular vibrations.