bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demise of a Himalayan giant and the dramatic fate of the highest peaks on Earth
Authors: Lavé Jérôme , Guérin Cyrielle , Valla Pierre , Guillou Valéry , Rigaudier Thomas , Benedetti Lucilla , France-Lanord Christian , Morin Guillaume , DUMOULIN Jean-Pascal , Moreau Christophe , Galy Valier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the topographic evolution and erosion dynamics of the Himalayan range have been extensively documented, it is not known how the very high Himalayan peaks erode. Some conceptual models assume that intense periglacial processes involve regressive erosion of high peak headwall at rates dictated by valley-floor downcutting of glaciers. However, recent data indicate that frost-cracking intensity decreases with elevation, suggesting instead that highest Himalayan peaks are free of erosion, raising the question of their long-term evolution. Here, we report geological evidence for a giant rockslide that occurred around 1190 AD in the Annapurna Massif (central Nepal), involving a total rock volume of ~23km3, and that decapitated a paleosummit culminating most probably above 8000m of altitude. Our data demonstrate that the main mode of high-altitude erosion could be catastrophic mega-rockslides, leading to the sudden reduction of the high peaks elevation by several hundred meters and ultimately preventing the high Himalayan peaks from growing indefinitely. This erosion mode, associated to steep slopes and high relief, arises from a higher mechanical strength of the high-peak substratum, probably due to the presence of permafrost at high altitude and the absence of bedrock weathering. Giant rockslides also have major implications for landscape evolution: the massive supply of finely-crushed sediments can fill the valleys over >150km further downstream and saturate the Himalayan rivers with sediments for a century or longer time periods. This raises the crucial question of natural hazards associated with such high-magnitude events in the Himalayan regions.
Application of chromosomal microarray analysis in congenital heart disease
Authors: xia mingjing , fu jing , guan xin , Yang Xinhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between different types of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) and genetic factors, and to evaluate the application value of chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosi s of fetuses with CHD.
Methods: 122 fetuses diagnosed with CHD by prenatal fetal ultrasound or echocardiography in Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital and that underwent prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis from June 2016 to December 2020 were included as research subjects. Karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis technology, and sNP-array technology were used to detect karyotype and genome-wide copy number variation.
Results: Of the 122 cases of fetal genetic results, 23 were abnormal results (18.85%, 23/122). 11 cases had abnormal karyotypes (9.02%, 11/122) ), 9 cases had aneuploidy (7.38%, 9/122), and 2 cases exhibited mosaicism (1.64%, 2/122). Chromosomal microarray analysis detected 12 cases (9.84%, 12/122) of CNVs. There were 6 cases of pCNV (4.92%, 6/122) and 6 cases of VOUS (4.92%, 6/122). CMA detected an additional 4.92% of pathogenic genetic abnormalities than karyotype analysis. The abnormal karyotype detection rate of the CHD group with extracardiac abnormalities was significantly higher than that of the independent CHD group (27.78% vs. 5.34%, P<0.01). The abnormal karyotype and pCNV detection rate of non-isolated ventricular septal defects were significantly higher than those of isolated ventricular septal defects, (23.53% vs. 0%, P<0.01; 14.71% vs. 0%). P < 0.05,). The detection rate of pCNV in the solitary ventricular septal defect with abnormal soft index group was significantly higher than that in the solitary ventricular septal defect group(36.4% vs. 0%, P<0.001). The detection rate of abnormal karyotype in the ventricular septal defect with extracardiac abnormality group was significantly higher than that in the isolated ventricular septal defect group (33.33% vs. 0%, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Chromosomal microarray analysis technology can improve the detection rate of CHD in fetuses. CMA can detect 4.92% more pathogenic copy number variation than chromosomal karyotype analysis and the abnormal karyotype detection rate of CHD with extracardiac abnormalities was high. We observed a high detection rate of pathogenic CNV in non-isolated ventricular septal defect.
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) and Bentonite Clay Incorporation in Selected Local Browses Based Diets on the Performance of Small East African Goats
Authors: kemboi Fred , ondiek James , King’ori Antony , Onjoro Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study evaluated how binders affected the feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of small east African goats fed on a variety of native browse-based diets. Twenty-four growing goats with initial body weight approximately 10.5 kg±1.3 (mean±SE) were randomly allocated to the Acacia brevispica and Berchemia discolor with various levels of PEG and bentonite clay in a Factorial completely randomized design. The selected local browse leaf meal was treated with PEG at a level of 25g/kg and bentonite clay at 20g/kg. The goats were allocated to individual pens with each treatment having 3 replicates. The experiment lasted for 70days, consisting of a 14-day adaptation period. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and FCR were computed each week. The composition of the CP, OM, EE, NDF, ADF, TEPH, and CT varied greatly, with significant (P<0.05) changes seen between the various experimental treatments. Diets treated with binders had higher DM Intake, daily weight gains and total dry matter intake. Diets treated with binders had higher DM Intake, daily weight gains and total dry matter intake. Goats on diets treated with bentonite clay(T2) performed much better than the one treated with PEG (T1) though there was no significance difference between the two. Acacia brevispica based diets treated with binders performed better than Bechemia discor based diets. All nutrients' digestibility coefficients were unaffected by the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 or bentonite clay (P > 0.05). It was concluded that bentonite clay as deactivation material can be adopted due to its low cost compared to PEG and its activity to absorb or bind anti-nutritive factors such as tannins found in animal feeds. Though, addition of PEG and bentonite clay to A. brevispica and B. discolor based diet can be used to enhance feed utilization as a result of tannins deactivation.
Direct Organogenesis Protocol for in vitro Propagation of Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Gong Yuan , Guo Shanli , Wu Xiaolin , Chen Shihua , You Cuirong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The direct organogenesis protocol of quinoa cultivar "Faro" was established in this study，respectively via axillary bud proliferation model and adventious bud formation model,using two different section ways from seedling cotyledons as explants.The most explant types for axillary bud proliferation model were cotyledons with petiole(approx. 1cm length), while for adventious bud formation were cotyledons without petiole. The medium ( 2MS supplemented with 3.0mg/L 6-BA ) was most suitable for axillary bud primary induction (97.5%), and the highest multiplication rate was attained in the subculture medium( 2MS supplemented with 3.0mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA) . we obtained 94.36% rejuvenation plantlets( >1cm in heighth) in the medium (2MS supplemented with 0.1mg/L 6-BA) . The highest adventitious buds formation was induced in the medium 2MS supplemented with 1.0mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA (12.14%). The most suitable medium for subculture proliferation was 2MS supplemented with 0.5mg/L 6-BA( 3.6 adventitous buds per explant). Rejuvenation plantlets (93.04% , >1cm in heighth) were successfully obtained in the medium (2MS supplemented with 0.3mg/L 6-BA). The most percentage of shoot rooting in vitro (51.04%) was abttained in the medium MS supplemented with 1.0mg/L IBA.The cultivar micropropagation protocol can be used for further genetic research of quinoa and prevention of viral diseases.
Nitrogen isotopic composition of tooth enamel organic matter records trophic position in modern and fossil ecosystems
Authors: Leichliter Jennifer , Lüdecke Tina , Foreman Alan , Bourgon Nicolas , Duprey Nicolas , Vonhof Hubert , Souksavatdy Viengkeo , Bacon Anne-Marie , Sigman Daniel , Tütken Thomas , Martinez-Garcia Alfredo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen isotopes are widely used to study the trophic position of animals in modern food webs, however, their application in the fossil record is severely limited by degradation of organic material during fossilization. In this study, we show that the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter preserved in mammalian tooth enamel (δ15Nenamel) records diet and trophic position in modern and fossil ecosystems. The δ15Nenamel of modern African mammals shows a trophic enrichment of 3.7 ‰ between herbivores and carnivores, as well as a strong positive correlation between δ15Nenamel and δ15Nbone-collagen values from the same individuals. δ15Nenamel values of Late Pleistocene fossil teeth record expected dietary patterns, despite complete diagenetic loss of collagen in the same specimens. We demonstrate that δ15Nenamel represents a powerful new paleodietary proxy that could help delineate major dietary transitions in ancient vertebrate lineages, such as the onset and intensification of animal resource use in early hominins.
Entangled X-ray Photon Pair Generation by Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Xu Haitan , Zhang Linfeng , Li Zunqi , Liu Dongyu , Zhang Ming , Wu Chengyin , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen's prediction on incompleteness of quantum mechanics was overturned by experimental tests on Bell's inequality that confirmed the existence of quantum entanglement. In X-ray optics, entangled photon pairs can be generated by X-ray parametric down conversion (XPDC), which is limited by relatively low efficiency. Meanwhile, free electron laser (FEL) has successfully lased at X-ray frequencies recently. However, FEL is usually seen as a classical light source, and its quantum effects are considered minor corrections to the classical theory. Here we investigate entangled X-ray photon pair emissions in FEL. We establish a theory for coherently amplified entangled photon pair emission from microbunched electron pulses in the undulator. We also propose an experimental scheme for the observation of the entangled photon pairs via energy and spatial correlation measurements. Such an entangled X-ray photon pair source is of great importance in quantum optics and other X-ray applications.
Analysis of diagnosis and treatment status of pseudomyxoma peritonei based on Chinese real-world data
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhao Xin , Lin Yulin , Li Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective

To analyze the diagnosis and treatment status, natural course, and related factors of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei based on Chinese real-world data.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was conducted on real world data of PMP patients with a complete natural history at the our center from February 2009 to July 2020, including clinicopathological characteristics, non-standardized treatment (time of misdiagnosis, time of mistreatment, previous anti-tumor treatment), CRS + HIPEC treatment (operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion, PCI score, CC score, number of organ removed, number of peritoneal resection areas, serious adverse events (SAE)), and the end point of follow-up was death due to disease-specific death. The natural course and the postoperative course of disease and related factors were analyzed.

Results

a total of 142 patients were included, 83 (58.5%) males and 59 (41.5%) females, the median age was 55 (24~79) years old, the median time of misdiagnosis was 0.8 (0~62.5) months, and the median time of mistreatment was 15.6 (0~411.1) months. The median time of misdiagnosis and mistreatment after 2016 was shorter than that before. All patients were treated with CRS + HIPEC. The median operation time was 10 (3.33~16.5) h, and the median PCI score was 33 (3~39). The median overall survival of the natural course was 30.3 (2.4~416.7) months, and the 1 -, 2 -, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 90.1%, 62.7%, 43.7% and 19.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that there were three independent prognostic factors affecting the natural course: PSS 1–3 (HR = 0.472, 95%CI:0.324 ~ 0.688, P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.219, 95%CI:1.226 ~ 4.014, P = 0.008), and number of CRS + HIPEC operations (HR = 0.523, 95%CI:0.353 ~ 0.777, P = 0.001). Median postoperative survival was 11.93 (0.03~79.70) months, and the 1 -, 2 -, 3-and 5-year postoperative survival rates were 49.3%, 19.7%, 10.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that there were five independent prognostic factors affecting the postoperative course: previous targeted therapy (HR = 1.628, 95%CI:1.017 ~ 2.607, P = 0.042), occurrence of serious adverse events (SAE) (HR = 1.562, 95%CI:1.053 ~ 2.317, P = 0.026), preoperative CEA level > 39.29 ng/mL (HR = 0.667, 95%CI:0.462 ~ 0.963, P = 0.031), postoperative adjuvant therapy (HR = 0.418, 95%CI:0.284 ~ 0.614, P = 0.000). Postoperative SAE occurred in 44 cases (31%), and 4 cases (2.8%) died within 30 days after operation. Preoperative thrombosis and previous intravenous chemotherapy are independent influencing factors of SAE.

Conclusion

The diagnosis and treatment of PMP in China has a trend of improvement year by year, and CRS + HIPEC is still the standard treatment for PMP. Early diagnosis and the popularization and application of CRS + HIPEC procedures still need to be strengthened. How to reduce postoperative complications is still a problem that we need to solve.
Effects of remifentanil pretreatment on sufentanil-induced cough suppression during the induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Zhang Daying , Yu Wenjun , Lin Yue , Wei Gen , Zhang Jing , Hua Fuzhou , Ying Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Sufentanil is widely used for induction of general anesthesia, however, sufentanil can lead to cough during general anesthesia induction. This study aimed to observe the effect of remifentanil pretreatment on sufentanil-induced cough (SIC) during general anesthesia induction.
Methods: A total of 120 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery were equally randomized into two groups (n=60 each). Patients in R group received 0.5 μg/kg remifentanil and N group received same volume of normal saline 1 minute before sufentanil (0.5 μg/kg) intravenous injection. Remifentanil and sufentanil were diluted to 5ml and then administered to patients in both R and N groups within 5 seconds. Then midazolam (0.04mg/kg), etomidate (0.3mg/kg) and rocuronium bromide (0.6mg/kg) were given to facilitate tracheal intubation. The incidence and severity of cough in both groups were recorded within 2 minutes after sufentanil administration during general anesthesia induction. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded at T1(before the injection of remifentanil or normal saline), T2 (1 minute after remifentanil administration), T3 (before intubation) and T4 (1 minute after intubation). Additionally, the incidences of adverse events, including dizziness, nausea, apnea, truncal rigidity, bradycardia or other adverse effects were also recorded.
Results: The incidence of SIC in R group was significantly decreased when compared with N group (3.33% vs 35.00%, respectively; P < 0.001). No statistical differences were found in MAP, HR, SpO2, and the incidences of other side effects between two groups at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P > 0.05).Two patients experienced dizziness in R group, and one patient in N group suffered from muscle rigidity.
Conclusion: Pretreatment with remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg can effectively and safely suppress the incidence and severity of sufentanil-induced cough, and provide a reference for the medication of patients during general anesthesia induction.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (30/09/2020, ChiCTR2000038756)
Quantifying plasmonic characteristics of a series of pure Aluminum and alkali doped Aluminum clusters
Authors: Guin Surajit , Jana Atish Dipankar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Al clusters have drawn tremendous attention of scientific community for their characteristic deep ultraviolet plasmonic emission. In this study, we have explored the plasmonic characteristics of a series of linear (Aln; n = 2 to 9) and cyclic aluminum clusters (n = 3,4) along with our recently reported three Al13+ isomer system [Guin et. al. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling, 2020, 97, 107544] and corresponding alkali doped clusters [Guin et. al. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2021, 27, 235]. Among the three Al13+ isomers one is perfectly planar (CI) and two others are quasi-planar clusters (CT and CII). It is a well-known fact that properties of nano-clusters strongly depend on the size and shape of the clusters. The current study reveals that for the linear chains the plamonic character systematically increases with the nuclearity of the clusters. For the cyclic clusters (Al3 and Al4) the plamonicity is lower compared to corresponding linear clusters. In case of Al13+ isomer system, the planar isomer is having higher plasmonicity compared to the non-planar isomers. The doping of alkali atoms in planar clusters, has a general tendency to reduce the plasmonic nature compared to the undoped clusters. The plasmonic emission for these aluminum clusters fall in the UV range (170 to 416 nm).
Chandipura virus nucleoprotein interact with heat shock cognate 71 and actin proteins in Neuro-2a cells during replication
Authors: Balakrishnan Anukumar , Kavathekar Vishal K , Sambhare Susmit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To complete their lifecycle, viruses interacts with variety of cellular proteins. Identifying host proteins involved in the viral lifecycle is an excellent target for drug. In neuro-2a cells, we employed recombinant Chandipura virus (CHPV) nucleoprotein (N) as bait in a protein pull down assay to see which cellular proteins interact with nucleoprotein. A total of ten proteins interact with the CHPV N protein. Out of ten proteins, heat shock cognate 71 (HSC70) and actin proteins were investigated further. In CHPV-infected neuro-2a cells, confocal microscopy revealed that HSC70 and actin co-localized with CHPV N protein, and that the expression was altered by viral infection. The association with HSC70 may help to mitigate the negative repercussions of misfolded proteins produced by viral polymerase's erroneous nature. More research on the role of these proteins in viral replication in infected cells is needed.
Dynamic basis for dA-dGTP and dA-d8OGTP misincorporation via Hoogsteen base pairs
Authors: Gu Stephanie , Szymanski Eric , Rangadurai Atul , Shi Honglue , Liu Bei , Manghrani Akanksha , Al-Hashimi Hashim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Replicative errors contribute to the genetic diversity needed for evolution but in high frequency can lead to genomic instability. The mechanisms determining the frequency of DNA copying errors are not fully understood. Here, we show DNA dynamics determines the frequency of misincorporating the A-G mismatch and altered dynamics explains the high frequency of 8-oxoguanine (8OG) A-8OG misincorporation. NMR measurements revealed Aanti-Ganti (pop. >91%) transiently forms sparsely-populated and short-lived Aanti+-Gsyn (pop. ~ 2% and kex=kforward + kreverse ~ 137 s− 1) and Asyn-Ganti (pop. ~ 6% and kex ~ 2200 s− 1) Hoogsteen conformations. 8OG redistributed the ensemble rendering Aanti-8OGsyn the dominant state. A kinetic model in which Aanti+-Gsyn is misincorporated quantitatively predicted the kinetics of dA-dGTP misincorporation by human polymerase b, the pH dependence of misincorporation, and the impact of the 8OG lesion. Thus, 8OG increases replicative errors by increasing the abundance of a pre-existing, sparsely-populated, short-lived, and mutagenic Aanti+-Gsyn Hoogsteen state.
Tacrolimus improved reproductive outcomes of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (PRL) showing elevated T helper 1 (Th1) /Th2 cell ratios
Authors: NAKAGAWA KOJI , Kwak-Kim Joanne , Kuroda keiji , Horikawa Takashi , Takamizawa Satoru , Hisano Michi , Kasahara Yoshimitsu , Sugiyama Rikikazu , Yamaguchi Koushi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Elevated T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cell ratio has been associated with recurrent pregnancy losses (PRL). In this study, the clinical efficacy of tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, was investigated in women with consecutive four or more recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and elevated Th1/Th2 (CD4+IFN-γ+/ CD4+IL-4+) cell ratio. The live-birth rate (LBR) was prospectively investigated in women with RPL who received tacrolimus treatment.
Methods: A total of 100 pregnant women with PRL with elevated Th1/Th2 cell ratios (≥10.3) were recruited from November 2013 to December 2019. Seventy-one women received tacrolimus between 1 mg and 4 mg daily (treatment group) and 29 women did not receive tacrolimus (control group).
Results: In the treatment group, the LBR was 70.4% (50/71), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (48.2%, p<0.05). According to the tacrolimus doses, the treatment group was divided into three subgroups. The LBRs of women with tacrolimus 1mg, 2mg, and ≥3mg daily were 52.2%, 72.3%, and 93.3%, respectively. In women with tacrolimus ≥3mg daily, the LBR was significantly higher than women with tacrolimus 1mg daily (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the LBR of RPL women with increased Th1/Th2 cell ratios was significantly improved with tacrolimus treatment.
The relationship of nutritional risk and NRS2002 score with disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Chen Yi , Zhao Bennan , Gao Fengjiao , Yuan Xiaoyan , Zhu Yanfeng , Liu Dafeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between nutritional risk and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score with disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: The NRS2002 score of 1228 COVID-19 patients were retrospective analyzed, they were divided into with-nutritional risk group (NRS2002 score≥3) and without-nutritional risk group (NRS2002 score<3) according to the NRS2002 score at admission. To compare the differences between the two groups in clinical and outcome data and assess the relationship between the NRS2002 score and the disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
Results: Of 1228 COVID-19 patients, the nutritional risk rate was 7.90%. Compared with those in without-nutritional risk group, patients in with-nutritional risk group had significantly longer the coronavirus negative conversion time, obviously lower albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and hemoglobin (HGB), obviously greater proportion with 3 or more comorbidities, and significantly higher rate of critical illness and mortality (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that with nutritional risk, NRS2002 score and ALB were the risk factors for disease severity, and with nutritional risk, NRS2002 score and TP were the risk factors for prognosis. The NRS2002 score showed the best utility for predicting critical and dead COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: With nutritional risk and high NRS2002 score are closely related to disease progression and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. For patients with NRS2002 score >0.5, early intervention of malnutrition is needed to reduce the occurrence of critical disease. And for patients with NRS2002 score >5.5, continuous nutritional support therapy is needs to reduce mortality and improve prognosis.
Clinical Trial Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563