bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of erlotinib based on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots/copper nanoparticles-polyaniline-graphene oxide nanohybrid
Authors: Rahmanian Hamidreza , Es’haghi Zarrin , Dadmehr Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Erlotinib is a potent and highly specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the hindering effects on the growth of cancer cells. An electrochemical sensor with the great sensitivity and selectivity was fabricated for determining erlotinib by using a graphite rod electrode modified by the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and a ternary nanohybrid comprising copper nanoparticles, polyaniline, along with graphene oxide (N-GQDs/CuNPs-PANI@GO) for the first time. The establishment of PANI and CuNPs was done simultaneously on the GO surface by the in situ oxidative polymerization method. The morphological characteristics and elemental structure of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined by some microscopy techniques and x-ray energy/diffraction methods. The fabricated sensor represented the electrocatalytic activity towards erlotinib with a linear detection range from 1.0 nM to 35.0 μM, a detection limit of 0.712 nM, and a sensitivity of 1.3604 μA μM−1. Moreover, the N-GQDs/CuNPs-PANI@GO sensor showed acceptable stability up to 30 d (94.82%), reproducibility (RSD values of 3.19% intraday and 3.52% interday), and repeatability (RSD value of 3.65%) as a novel and powerful electrochemical sensor. It was successfully applied to monitor erlotinib in the drug-injected aqueous solution, serum, and urine samples that proved the capability of the sensor for the erlotinib monitoring in the biological samples.
Phases and phase-transitions in quasisymmetric configuration space
Authors: Rodríguez E , Sengupta W , Bhattacharjee A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We explore the structure of the space of quasisymmetric configurations identifying them by their magnetic axes, described as three-dimensional closed curves. We demonstrate that this topological perspective divides the space of all configurations into well-separated quasisymmetric phases. Each phase is characterized by the self-linking number (a topological invariant), defining different symmetry configurations (quasi-axisymmetry or quasi-helical symmetry). The phase-transition manifolds correspond to quasi-isodynamic configurations. By considering some models for closed curves (most notably torus unknots), general features associated with these phases are explored. Some general criteria are also built and leveraged to provide a simple way to describe existing quasisymmetric designs. This constitutes the first step in a program to identify quasisymmetric configurations with a reduced set of functions and parameters, to deepen understanding of configuration space, and offer an alternative approach to stellarator optimization that begins with the magnetic axis and builds outward.
Cnidaria
Authors: Leitz Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCnidaria are one of the basal groups within the metazoans. They are divided into the Medusozoa (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Staurozoa, and Cubozoa) and the Anthozoa, which are thought to be the basal group within the Cnidaria. Cnidaria together with the Ctenophora are the lowest groups with a nervous system that relies on synaptic conduction and are therefore attractive outgroups to the Bilateria. Investigations of evolutionary changes in nerve cells and neural anatomy and function will shed light on the emergence of the complex nervous systems of the Bilateria. Indeed, Cnidaria use elaborate nervous systems that share with bilaterians common neurophysiological mechanisms. However, the diversity of cnidarian neuroanatomies is high. Therefore, the reconstruction of the urcnidarian nervous system is blurred. The long-thought concept of only one or several ‘diffuse’ nerve nets with little or no centralization has been overcome in recent years by the discovery of centralized structures, particularly in the nervous systems of medusae of Scyphozoa and Cubozoa. This chapter deals at first with some pioneering investigations of the Cnidarian nervous systems, describes the structure of the nervous systems of selected groups (Hydra, Anthozoa) also with respect to the distribution of neurotransmitters and regulators, and highlights the centralized structures in Scyphozoa and Cubozoa, the nerve rings, and especially the rhopalia. These rudimentary ganglia integrate sensory inputs and motor outputs. In cubomedusae, the rhopalia are also the primary sites for photosensitive organs. Photosensitivity is common in the Medusozoa.
Acanthocephala
Authors: Semmler Le Henrike 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The nervous system of the 1150 species-containing Acanthocephala is strongly influenced by their parasitic lifestyle. Also known as ‘thorny-headed worms’, these few-centimetre-long animals are endoparasites, having insects or crustaceans as intermediate hosts and vertebrates as final hosts. The basic structural pattern of the nervous system is common to all Acanthocephala. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in numbers of cells and arising nerves from the cerebral ganglion present in the various acanthocephalan groups, i.e. Archiacanthocephala, Eoacanthocephala, and Palaeacanthocephala. A cerebral ganglion lies behind the characteristic revertible proboscis, and normally consists of less than 100 cells. It is subdivided into a peripheral layer of pericarya, and a central neuropil, which innervate the proboscis and the trunk. Male acanthocephalans feature a pair of genital ganglia at the penis base, comprising between 15 and 30 cells. In addition, a bursal ganglion was found in the posterior end of males. Like the genital ganglia, it is assumed to innervate the muscles that are involved in the eversion and erection of the bursa. In 1989, a vaginal ganglion was discovered in female acanthocephalans. This may control the vaginal musculature and the body wall musculature associated with the region of the gonopore. Based on the parasitic lifestyle of Acanthocephala, sense organs are poorly developed, as far as is known. Acanthocephalans have posterior receptors which are thought to facilitate copulation. Further, in the anterior body region, paired lateral sensory organs and an apical sensory organ can be found.
Gastrotricha
Authors: Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas , Rothe Birgen Holger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe taxon Gastrotricha includes marine and freshwater species of microscopical size. Traditionally, two subtaxa, Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida, are distinguished. Their phylogenetic position has recently become unresolved, because the traditional concept of a closer relationship to Cycloneuralia (or Ecdysozoa) is not supported by molecular evidence, which favours a position of Gastrotricha within Spiralia, probably among Platyzoa. The gastrotrich nervous system is composed of a brain in the form of a dorsal, suprapharyngeal commissure with lateral aggregations of brain cell somata and a pair of lateroventral longitudinal nerve cords. Anterior nervous projections of the brain innervate various sensory structures in the head region. In some cases, the longitudinal nerve cords are connected by a few fine commissures. The pharynx is innervated from the brain region. In chaetonotids, a pair of somata is present in the posterior part of the longitudinal nerve cord. The architecture of the nervous system in gastrotrichs is unique and hard to compare with nervous systems of other invertebrates. It therefore does not elucidate the phylogenetic position of gastrotrichs among metazoan animals.
The reporting adherence of observational studies published in orthodontic journals in relation to STROBE guidelines: a meta-epidemiological assessment
Authors: Bruggesser Susanne , Stöckli Simone , Seehra Jadbinder , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Background
To facilitate clear and transparent reporting of observational studies the STROBE guidelines were developed. The aim of this investigation was to assess the reporting adherence of observational studies published in orthodontic journals in relation to STROBE guidelines. Associations between the reporting quality and study characteristics were explored.

Materials and method
A search of five leading orthodontic journals was undertaken to identify observational studies published between 1st January 2021 and 31st June 2021. Data extraction was performed in duplicate and independently. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions for the responses to each checklist item were calculated. Proportional odds ordinal logistic regression for clustered data was implemented to assess potential associations between the three-level categorical outcome (not reported, inadequate reporting, adequate reporting) and study characteristics and individual checklist items.

Results
One hundred and thirty-five studies were analysed. The majority of studies were cohort designs (54.0%). Variability in the reporting of the STROBE guideline items was evident. In particular, a clear description of outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect modifiers, statistical methods and participants were inadequately reported. In the multivariable analysis, the overall score test indicated that only item was a significant predictor of reporting quality (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings of this study have highlighted that the reporting of observational studies published in orthodontic journals in relation to the STROBE guidelines is sub-optimal. Key areas of inadequate reporting relate to methodology and results. Key determinant of reporting quality was the STROBE item.
Longitudinal Associations Between Pain and Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Authors: Powers Jessica M , Maisto Stephen A , Zvolensky Michael J , Heckman Bryan W , Ditre Joseph W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pain has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of nicotine addiction, and there is initial cross-sectional evidence of covariation between pain and the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The goals of the current study were to: (1)test pain severity as a predictor of initiating co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, (2)examine longitudinal associations between pain and use/co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, (3)generate the first prevalence rate data regarding cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of pain, and (4)examine gender as a moderator of these associations.

Aims and Methods
Data were drawn from Waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013–2018).

Results
Among exclusive cigarette smokers at Wave 1 (n = 7719), pain severity was associated with a greater likelihood of and faster trajectory to initiating co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes (ps &lt; .05). A significant pain × gender interaction (p &lt; .05) revealed this prospective relationship was stronger among women. Among adult respondents who provided at least three waves of data (n = 24 255), greater Wave 1 pain severity was positively associated with e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, and co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes at Waves 2, 3, and 4 (ps &lt; .001). At Wave 4 (n = 33 822), adults with moderate or severe pain endorsed rates of e-cigarette and cigarette use almost two times greater versus no or low pain (ps &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings provide evidence that pain likely serves as an important candidate risk factor for the initiation and maintenance of cigarette and e-cigarette use.

Implications
This is the first prospective study to show that pain serves as an important risk factor for initiation and maintenance of cigarette and e-cigarette use over time. Weighted prevalence estimates further demonstrated that individuals with moderate or severe pain endorsed rates of cigarette and e-cigarette use and co-use approximately two times greater compared to those with no or low pain. These findings highlight a subpopulation of nicotine users more susceptible to greater healthcare burden, nicotine dependence, and physical impairment. Nicotine users with comorbid pain may benefit from integrated interventions that address pain in the context of cessation.
Preclinical toxicological assessment of levothyroxine and liothyronine Maillard impurities
Authors: Agarwal Anju , Asif Muhammad , Deshmukh Rajeev , Vinchurkar Mohini , Singana Suresh B , Bhondave Pratik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Following the introduction of new stability-indicating related substances methods, an unknown impurity was observed in levothyroxine (LeMI) and liothyronine (LiMI) tablets (ADVANZ PHARMA) in concentrations ≥1.0%, from 6 months of storage onwards. The impurity was identified as a Maillard condensation product between lactose and LeMI/LiMI in the LeMI and LiMI tablets, respectively.

Materials and Methods
To establish the toxicity profile of LeMI and LiMI in humans and to define appropriate shelf-life specification limits, a comprehensive nonclinical toxicological assessment was performed, including in silico (Leadscope and Derek Nexus analyses), in vitro (Ames test), and in vivo tests (7-day dose range finding and 90-day dose repeat studies in rats). In silico analyses indicated that potential LeMI and LiMI structures should not be considered bacterial mutagens or in vitro/in vivo clastogens, and that at the low oral exposure levels expected, the impurities are unlikely to cause harm.

Results
In vitro testing showed that neither LeMI nor LiMI were cytotoxic or mutagenic at up to 5000 μg/plate, both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The 2 in vivo studies further confirmed that no systemic toxicity or other notable negative effects were evident at up to 200 μg/kg/day for LeMI and 45 μg/kg/day for LiMI, the highest doses tested. These doses represent 120–122 times the maximum daily exposures of LeMI and LiMI, based on body surface area (μg/m2).

Conclusions
Based on these results, a proposal has been formulated to increase the limits of Maillard condensation products to ≤8.0% for LeMI and ≤6.0% for LiMI at shelf life.
Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life Improvement in Patients Undergoing Cervical Versus Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Zabat Michelle A. , Elboghdady Islam , Mottole Nicole A. , Mojica Edward , Maglaras Constance , Jazrawi Laith M. , Virk Mandeep S. , Campbell Kirk A. , Buckland Aaron J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Fischer Charla R. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of outcomes in cervical spine and shoulder arthroscopy patients.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess differential improvements in health-related quality of life for cervical spine surgery compared with shoulder surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
An understanding of outcome differences between different types of orthopedic surgeries is helpful in counseling patients about expected postoperative recovery. This study compares outcomes in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery with arthroscopic shoulder surgery using computer-adaptive Patient-reported Outcome Information System scores.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing cervical spine surgery (1-level or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, cervical disc replacement) or arthroscopic shoulder surgery (rotator cuff repair±biceps tenodesis) were grouped. Patient-reported Outcome Information System scores of physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months were compared using paired t tests.

Results:
Cervical spine (n=127) and shoulder (n=91) groups were similar in sex (25.8% vs. 41.8% female, P=0.731) but differed in age (51.6±11.6 vs. 58.60±11.2, P<0.05), operative time (148.3±68.6 vs. 75.9±26.9 min, P<0.05), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASAs) (2.3±0.6 vs. 2.0±0.5, P=0.001), smoking status (15.7% vs. 4.4%, P=0.008), and length of stay (1.1±1.0 vs. 0.3±0.1, P=0.000). Spine patients had worse physical function (36.9 ±12.6 vs. 49.4±8.6, P<0.05) and greater pain interference (67.0±13.6 vs. 61.7±4.8, P=0.001) at baseline. Significant improvements were seen in all domains by 3 months for both groups, except for physical function after shoulder surgery. Spine patients had greater physical function improvements at all timepoints (3.33 vs. −0.43, P=0.003; 4.81 vs. 0.08, P=0.001; 6.5 vs. −5.24, P=<0.05). Conversely, shoulder surgery patients showed better 6-month improvement in pain intensity over spine patients (−8.86 vs. −4.46, P=0.001), but this difference resolved by 12 months.

Conclusions:
Cervical spine patients had greater relative early improvement in physical function compared with shoulder patients, whereas pain interference and intensity did not significantly differ between the 2 groups after surgery. This will help in counseling patients about relative difference in recovery and improvement between the 2 surgery types.

Level of Evidence:
III
Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and adiponectin among midlife women
Authors: Thurston Rebecca C. , Chang Yuefang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are prevalent symptoms that can have a negative impact on quality of life. VMS have also been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, yet the mechanisms underlying these associations have not been elucidated. Some initial works link VMS to adverse adipokine profiles or cytokines produced by adipose tissue. However, results are not entirely consistent and are based entirely on self-report VMS, which is influenced by a range of memory and reporting biases. The aim of this work was to test whether physiologically assessed VMS are associated with lower adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine in the body, controlling for confounding factors. We also consider whether adiponectin explains previously documented relationships between VMS and carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods
A total of 300 peri- and postmenopausal nonsmoking women aged 40 to 60 years enrolled in the MsHeart study comprised the analytic sample. Women were free of hormone therapy or other medications impacting VMS, insulin-dependent diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Participants underwent ambulatory physiologic VMS monitoring, physical measures, a carotid ultrasound, and fasting phlebotomy.

Results
More frequent physiologically assessed VMS were associated with lower adiponectin (B [SE] = −0.081 [0.028], P = 0.004; or 0.081 lower μg/mL in adiponectin for each additional VMS over 24 hours), controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, insulin resistance, and waist circumference. Associations were not explained by endogenous estradiol. Adiponectin did not explain associations between VMS and carotid atherosclerosis.

Conclusions
Physiologic VMS were associated with lower adiponectin after considering potential confounders. The role of adipokines in VMS and in links between VMS and health warrants further attention.
Effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures on blood pressure and central hemodynamics in a wintertime longitudinal study of Chinese adults
Authors: Sternbach Talia J. , Harper Sam , Li Xiaoying , Zhang Xiang , Carter Ellison , Zhang Yuanxun , Shen Guofeng , Fan Zhongjie , Zhao Liancheng , Tao Shu , Baumgartner Jill 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to estimate the effects of indoor and outdoor temperature on wintertime blood pressure (BP) among peri-urban Beijing adults.

Methods:
We enrolled 1279 adults (ages: 40–89 years) and conducted measurements in two winter campaigns in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Study staff traveled to participant homes to administer a questionnaire and measure brachial and central BP. Indoor temperature was measured in the 5 min prior to BP measurement. Outdoor temperature was estimated from regional meteorological stations. We used multivariable mixed-effects regression models to estimate the within-individual and between-individual effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures on BP.

Results:
Indoor and outdoor temperatures ranged from 0.0 to 28 °C and −14.3 to 6.4 °C, respectively. In adjusted models, a 1 °C increase in indoor temperature was associated with decreased SBP [−0.4 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.7 to −0.1 (between-individual; brachial and central BP); −0.5 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.2 (within-individual, brachial BP); −0.4 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.2 (within-individual, central BP)], DBP [−0.2 mmHg, 95% CI:−0.4 to −0.03 (between-individual); −0.3 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.5 to −0.04 (within-individual)], and within-individual pulse pressure [−0.2 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.4 to −0.04 (central); −0.3 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.4 to −0.1 (brachial)]. Between-individual SBP estimates were larger among participants with hypertension. There was no evidence of an effect of outdoor temperature on BP.

Conclusion:
Our results support previous findings of inverse associations between indoor temperature and BP but contrast with prior evidence of an inverse relationship with outdoor temperature. Wintertime home heating may be a population-wide intervention strategy for high BP and cardiovascular disease in China.
Distinct and sex-specific expression of mu opioid receptors in anterior cingulate and somatosensory S1 cortical areas
Authors: Zamfir Maria , Sharif Behrang , Locke Samantha , Ehrlich Aliza T. , Ochandarena Nicole E. , Scherrer Grégory , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo , Kieffer Brigitte L. , Séguéla Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) processes the affective component of pain, whereas the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is involved in its sensory-discriminative component. Injection of morphine in the ACC has been reported to be analgesic, and endogenous opioids in this area are required for pain relief. Mu opioid receptors (MORs) are expressed in both ACC and S1; however, the identity of MOR-expressing cortical neurons remains unknown. Using the Oprm1-mCherry mouse line, we performed selective patch clamp recordings of MOR+ neurons, as well as immunohistochemistry with validated neuronal markers, to determine the identity and laminar distribution of MOR+ neurons in ACC and S1. We found that the electrophysiological signatures of MOR+ neurons differ significantly between these 2 areas, with interneuron-like firing patterns more frequent in ACC. While MOR+ somatostatin interneurons are more prominent in ACC, MOR+ excitatory neurons and MOR+ parvalbumin interneurons are more prominent in S1. Our results suggest a differential contribution of MOR-mediated modulation to ACC and S1 outputs. We also found that females had a greater density of MOR+ neurons compared with males in both areas. In summary, we conclude that MOR-dependent opioidergic signaling in the cortex displays sexual dimorphisms and likely evolved to meet the distinct function of pain-processing circuits in limbic and sensory cortical areas.