bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-velocity relations with GALEX $FUV$-determined ages of Sun-like, solar neighborhood stars
Authors: Crandall Sara , Smith Graeme H. , Birmingham Sufia , Vo Vy , Rockosi Constance , Murray-Clay Ruth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA relationship between chromospheric activity and age is calibrated for FGK dwarf stars using GALEX$FUV$
F
U
V
magnitudes and Gaia$(G_{BP} - G)$
(

G

B
P

−
G
)
colors. Such a calibration between GALEX$FUV$
F
U
V
magnitudes and stellar age has utility in population studies of dwarfs for further understanding of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. As an illustration of one such application we have investigated a population of Sun-like, solar neighborhood stars for their metallicities and velocity dispersions; a cross-matched sample of FGK type dwarf stars from Casagrande et al. (2011) with the Gaia and GALEX catalogs. Using calibrated relationships between $FUV$
F
U
V
magnitudes and age, we determined a chromospheric activity indicator, $Q$
Q
, and stellar age, $\tau $
τ
, for each dwarf. We constructed age-velocity (AVR) and age-metallicity (AMR) relations with empirically-determined $FUV$
F
U
V
ages. Power law fits to AVR plots are consistent with heating mechanism models within the literature. We further demonstrate that perigalactic distance and eccentricity versus $FUV$
F
U
V
-age plots are consistent with an “inside out” formation history model.
Palindromic linearization and numerical solution of nonsymmetric algebraic $$T$$-Riccati equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Iannazzo Bruno , Meini Beatrice , Palitta Davide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe identify a relationship between the solutions of a nonsymmetric algebraic$$T$$T-Riccati equation ($$T$$T-NARE) and the deflating subspaces of a palindromic matrix pencil, obtained by arranging the coefficients of the$$T$$T-NARE. The interplay between$$T$$T-NAREs and palindromic pencils allows one to derive both theoretical properties of the solutions of the equation, and new methods for its numerical solution. In particular, we propose methods based on the (palindromic) QZ algorithm and the doubling algorithm, whose effectiveness is demonstrated by several numerical tests.
Parenting Behavior and Attitudes of a Group of South African Foster Parents Caring for Adolescents Presenting with Risk Behavior
Authors: Mmusi Fatima I. , Malan Hanelie , Herbst Alida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article reports on one of the objectives of a larger study aiming at the development of an adolescent risk-behavior management program for foster parents. The objective relevant to this article entailed the exploration of parenting behaviors and attitudes of parents fostering adolescents presenting with risk behavior. The respondents were recruited from the clientele of designated welfare organizations in the North West Province of South Africa. A quantitative survey using the multi-dimensional Parental Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was administered to a purposive sample of 150 respondents. A response rate of 64.5% was achieved, with only foster mothers participating in the study. Data analysis was done by the Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25, Release 25.0 SPSS. In addition, T-Tests and ANOVAs were used to test the hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance and Spearman’s correlations examine correlations between sub-scale scores and biographical data. Sub-scales of the PSDQ were tested for internal consistency reliability and reasonable coefficients were rendered, except for the permissive parenting style scale that was excluded from analysis. The results showed a significant, positive correlation between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles amongst the respondents. Parental attitudes and responses to risk behavior significantly affected their actual behavior towards fostered adolescents presenting with risk behavior. The researchers concluded that consideration of parenting styles in the foster care relationship context will greatly determine the nature of further interventions.
Detectability of labeled weighted automata over monoids
Authors: Zhang Kuize 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, by developing appropriate methods, we for the first time obtain characterization of four fundamental notions of detectability for general labeled weighted automata over monoids (denoted by $\mathcal {A}^{\mathfrak {M}}$

A

M

for short), where the four notions are strong (periodic) detectability (SD and SPD) and weak (periodic) detectability (WD and WPD). The contributions of the current paper are as follows. Firstly, we formulate the notions of concurrent composition, observer, and detector for $\mathcal {A}^{\mathfrak {M}}$

A

M

. Secondly, we use the concurrent composition to give a necessary and sufficient condition for SD, use the detector to give a necessary and sufficient condition for SPD, and use the observer to give necessary and sufficient conditions for WD and WPD, all for general $\mathcal {A}^{\mathfrak {M}}$

A

M

without any assumption. Thirdly, we prove that for a labeled weighted automaton over monoid $(\mathbb {Q}^{k},+)$
(

ℚ

k

,
+
)
(denoted by $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Q}^{k}}$

A

ℚ

k

), its concurrent composition, observer, and detector can be computed in NP, 2-EXPTIME, and 2-EXPTIME, respectively, by developing novel connections between $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Q}^{k}}$

A

ℚ

k

and the NP-complete exact path length problem (proven by [Nykänen and Ukkonen, 2002]) and a subclass of Presburger arithmetic. As a result, we prove that for $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Q}^{k}}$

A

ℚ

k

, SD can be verified in coNP, while SPD, WD, and WPD can be verified in 2-EXPTIME. Particularly, for $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Q}^{k}}$

A

ℚ

k

in which from every state, a distinct state can be reached through some unobservable, instantaneous path, detector $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Q}^{k}}_{det}$

A

d
e
t

ℚ

k

can be computed in NP, and SPD can be verified in coNP. Finally, we prove that the problems of verifying SD and SPD of deterministic, deadlock-free, and divergence-free $\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {N}}$

A

ℕ

over monoid $(\mathbb {N},+)$
(
ℕ
,
+
)
are both coNP-hard. The original methods developed in this paper will provide foundations for characterizing other fundamental properties (e.g., diagnosability and opacity) in labeled weighted automata over monoids. In addition, in order to differentiate labeled weighted automata over monoids from labeled timed automata, we also initially explore detectability in labeled timed automata, and prove that the SD verification problem is PSPACE-complete, while WD and WPD are undecidable.
Nonlinear Vibration and Stability of a Dielectric Elastomer Balloon Based on a Strain-Stiffening Model
Authors: Alibakhshi Amin , Chen Weiqiu , Destrade Michel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLimiting chain extensibility is a characteristic that plays a vital role in the stretching of highly elastic materials. The Gent model has been widely used to capture this behaviour, as it performs very well in fitting stress-stretch data in simple tension, and involves two material parameters only. Recently, Anssari-Benam and Bucchi (Int. J. Non. Linear. Mech. 128:103626, 2021) introduced a different form of generalised neo-Hookean model, focusing on the molecular structure of elastomers, and showed that their model encompasses all ranges of deformations, performing better than the Gent model in many respects, also with only two parameters. Here we investigate the nonlinear vibration and stability of a dielectric elastomer balloon modelled by that strain energy function. We derive the deformation field in spherical coordinates and the governing equations by the Euler-Lagrange method, assuming that the balloon retains its spherical symmetry as it inflates. We consider in turn that the balloon is under two types of voltages, a pure DC voltage and an AC voltage superimposed on a DC voltage. We analyse the dynamic response of the balloon and identify the influential parameters in the model. We find that the molecular structure of the material, as tracked by the number of segments in a single chain, can control the instability and the pull-in/snap-through critical voltage, as well as chaos and quasi-periodicity. The main result is that balloons made of materials exhibiting early strain-stiffening effects are more stable and less prone to generate chaotic nonlinear vibrations than when made of softer materials, such as those modelled by the neo-Hookean strain-energy density function.
Pre-service Teachers' Use of General Social Networking Sites Linked to Current Scenarios: Nature and Characteristics
Authors: Calderón-Garrido Diego , Gil-Fernández Raquel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial networking sites form part of everyday life in classrooms at all educational levels. Within these, general social networking sites (GSNSs) offer pre-service teachers flexibility, versatility and the possibility of forming educational communities by connecting formal, non-formal and informal settings. This research analyses the nature, intensity, and type of pre-service teachers’ use of such for educational purposes in their initial training in order to detect the most important aspects for improvement. Possible factors shaping behaviour were gender, whether individuals belonged to universities operating online or in person, differences in the types of studies they were undertaking, and the time at which the questionnaire was administered, before or after the COVID-19 health crisis. To this end, we studied how much and with what aims these students use the most widely used GSNSs for educational purposes. To do so, we administered a questionnaire to a total of 812 students from 6 Spanish universities. The results show a preference for WhatsApp, YouTube, and Instagram. In addition, it was found that undergraduate students used them more intensively than postgraduate students. In the case of online universities, there was a greater need to cover affective and emotional aspects than in in-person universities. As in almost all areas, the situation caused by COVID-19 changed the way social networks were used. The findings also show that pre-service teachers consumed more information on social media than what they produced, which leads to a failure to fully exploit social capital and potential job or academic opportunities that could be generated through their own creations.
Strictly Localized Three-Dimensional States Close to Single Photons
Authors: Ryen Kai , Gulla Jan , Skaar Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA class of strictly localized states which can be made arbitrarily close to single photons is constructed, and expressions for central properties are provided. It is demonstrated that single photon states can be well approximated by these states down to localization scales on the order of a few pulse cycles. The results readily generalize to states close to n-photons. We also provide upper and lower bounds for the fidelity between a given single photon and any state strictly localized to a given volume. These results constitute the limit of photon localization, complementary to the weak-localization limit (Bialynicki-Birula, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5247, (1998)).
The role of short-time work and discretionary policy measures in mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany
Authors: Christl Michael , De Poli Silvia , Hufkens Tine , Peichl Andreas , Ricci Mattia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income in 2020 using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with novel labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour market. We find the consequences of the labour market shock to be highly regressive with a strong impact on the poorest households. However, this effect is nearly entirely offset by automatic stabilisers and discretionary policy measures. We explore the cushioning effect of these policies in detail, showing that short-time working schemes and especially the one-off payments for children are effective in cushioning the income loss of the poor.
Inborn Errors of Immunity on the Island of Ireland — a Cross-Jurisdictional UKPID/ESID Registry Report
Authors: Ryan Paul , Redenbaugh Vyanka , McGucken Jayne , Kindle Gerhard , Devlin Lisa A. , Coulter Tanya , Buckland Matthew S. , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Conlon Niall P. , Feighery Conleth , Edgar J. David M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe epidemiology of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in the Republic of Ireland was first published in 2005 but has not been updated since. IEI prevalence data from Northern Ireland was last published in 2018. Using data from the United Kingdom Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) and European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registries, we reviewed all registered cases of IEI affecting adult patients ≥ 18 years of age from the two largest immunology specialist centres in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, respectively and calculated the combined minimum adult prevalence of IEI on the island of Ireland for the first time. We also recorded data pertaining to presenting symptoms of IEI, diagnostic delay, immunoglobulin data, and genetic testing, as well as briefly reporting data pertaining to secondary immunodeficiency in both countries. As of 1 May 2020, we identified a minimum adult IEI prevalence in Ireland of 8.85/100,000 population.
The Association between the Five-factor Model of Personality and Problem Gambling: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Dudfield Francine W. H. , Malouff John M. , Meynadier Jai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis meta-analysis examined the associations between five-factor personality model traits and problem gambling. To be eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, studies had to provide effect size data that quantified the magnitude of the association between all five personality traits and problem gambling. Studies also had to use psychometrically sound measures. The meta-analysis included 20 separate samples from 19 studies and 32,222 total participants. The results showed that problem gambling was significantly correlated with the five-factor model of personality. The strongest personality correlate of problem gambling was neuroticism r = .31, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44], followed by conscientiousness r = − .28, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.38,-0.17] ), agreeableness r = − .22, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.34, − 0.10], openness r = − .17, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.22,-0.12], and extraversion r = − .11, p = .024, 95% CI [-0.20,-0.01]. These results suggest problem gamblers tend to share a common personality profile – one that could provide clues as to the most effective ways to prevent and to treat problem gambling.
Primacy of Human Odors Over Visual and Heat Cues in Inducing Landing in Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Authors: Sumner Benjamin D. , Cardé Ring T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough human skin odor is thought to be the cue that anthropophilic mosquitoes use to discriminate us from other potential hosts, the precise details of how they use skin odor to find and land on a human is unclear. We found thatAedes aegyptiland on a source of skin odor without a co-located visual cue. By collecting human odor on glass beads and using identical glass beads to visually conceal skin odor and heat cues, we were able to study mosquito landing on skin odor, heat, and visual cues separately. Landing is necessary for blood feeding which is a required behavior for theAedes aegyptilife cycle as well as the behavior responsible for the epidemiological impact of mosquitoes. Therefore, we consider it to be the diagnostic measure of the importance of a host cue. In two-choice tests, a skin odor source had the highest valence for landing, followed by a combination of heat and a visual cue, and finally heat and visual cues presented separately. We also measured the durations of the landings, though no significant differences were found.
How self-awareness is connected to less experience of action crises in personal goal pursuit
Authors: Kreibich Antonia , Wolf Benjamin Mario , Bettschart Martin , Ghassemi Mirjam , Herrmann Marcel , Brandstätter Veronika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this research, we applied a differential perspective to the study of action crises, i.e., being in an intra-psychic decisional conflict whether to pursue or abandon a goal once difficulties in its pursuit arise. In two studies, we investigated the role of individuals’ levels of self-awareness when experiencing such action crises. Both among professional ballet dancers (daily diary, Study 1) and university undergraduates (preregistered experience sampling, Study 2), individuals with greater levels of (dispositional and situational) self-awareness showed an adaptive, that is, problem-solving oriented way of dealing with difficulties in the pursuit of their (training or study) goals. As a consequence, self-awareness contributed to less experience of action crisis during goal pursuit and, as a result, led to better goal performance.
Improved perception of ceramic molds through augmented reality
Authors: Marín-Lora Carlos , Sotoca Jose M. , Chover Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAugmented Reality techniques allow the user to visualize part of the real world through a display device by incorporating graphical information into the existing physical information. In this sense, it is important to know how the physical presence of the user in the augmented reality experience can affect the perception and evaluation of the product. To this end, this work presents a theoretical framework that explains how users perceive and evaluate the benefits and quality of augmentation with augmented reality through their physical presence, compared to visualizing the same experience through a video. The application was developed for the exhibition and sale of ceramic molds. Users viewed graphical information about the mold, placed between them and the screen while seeing themselves in the television as if it was a mirror. The experiments showed that the integration of the product into the environment and the spatial presence of the users had a positive effect on the perceived value in terms of usefulness and enjoyment, improved comfort in the purchase decision, and reinforced the overall opinion of the product.
How sensitive are the evaluations of a school’s effectiveness to the selection of covariates in the applied value-added model?
Authors: Levy Jessica , Brunner Martin , Keller Ulrich , Fischbach Antoine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is no final consensus regarding which covariates should be used (in addition to prior achievement) when estimating value-added (VA) scores to evaluate a school’s effectiveness. Therefore, we examined the sensitivity of evaluations of schools’ effectiveness in math and language achievement to covariate selection in the applied VA model. Four covariate sets were systematically combined, including prior achievement from the same or different domain, sociodemographic and sociocultural background characteristics, and domain-specific achievement motivation. School VA scores were estimated using longitudinal data from the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme with some 3600 students attending 153 primary schools in Grades 1 and 3. VA scores varied considerably, despite high correlations between VA scores based on the different sets of covariates (.66 < r < 1.00). The explained variance and consistency of school VA scores substantially improved when including prior math and prior language achievement in VA models for math and prior language achievement with sociodemographic and sociocultural background characteristics in VA models for language. These findings suggest that prior achievement in the same subject, the most commonly used covariate to date, may be insufficient to control for between-school differences in student intake when estimating school VA scores. We thus recommend using VA models with caution and applying VA scores for informative purposes rather than as a mean to base accountability decisions upon.
MetaPhenomics: quantifying the many ways plants respond to their abiotic environment, using light intensity as an example
Authors: Poorter Hendrik , Yin Xinyou , Alyami Nouf , Gibon Yves , Pons Thijs L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThousands of scientific papers have described how plants responded to different levels of a given environmental factor, for a wide variety of physiological processes and morphological, anatomical or chemical characteristics. There is a clear need to summarize this information in a structured and comparable way through meta-analysis. This paper describes how to use relative trait responses from many independent experiments to create generalized dose-response curves. By applying the same methodology to a wide range of plant traits, varying from the molecular to the whole plant level, we can achieve an unprecedented view on the many ways that plants are affected by and acclimate to their environment. We illustrate this approach, which we refer to as ‘MetaPhenomics’, with a variety of previously published and unpublished dose-response curves of the effect of light intensity on 25 plant traits. Furthermore, we discuss the need and difficulties to expand this approach to the transcriptomics and metabolomics level, and show how the generalized dose-response curves can be used to improve simulation models as well as the communication between modelers and experimental plant biologists.
Exploring the relation between the structure strategy and source attention in single expository text comprehension: a cross-sectional study in secondary education
Authors: García J. Ricardo , García-Serrano María , Rosales Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganisational signals and sources can be considered metatextual cues that guide the processing of the discourse. Organisational signals encourage readers to use the structure strategy, while source information reveals the epistemic and formal properties of texts. This study addressed three gaps in prior research about these topics: (1) whether organisational signals were useful for 12–14/14–16-year-old students reading causal and sequential texts, (2) the role of sources in single-text understanding, and (3) the relationship between sensitivity to organisational signals (rhetorical competence) and attention to sources. Participants read causal and sequential texts with or without these metatextual cues and wrote a summary. Summary quality was considered an indicator of understanding and using the structure strategy. The number of sources translated into the summaries was considered an indicator of source attention. The results indicated that (1) organisational signals had an effect on summary quality in both age groups and texts; (2) sources did not affect summary quality, but when participants read signalled texts, the number of sources mentioned made a unique contribution to summary quality beyond decoding, general reading comprehension and rhetorical competence; and (3) the number of sources mentioned correlated with rhetorical competence among participants who read the signalled texts. These results suggest that 12–16-year-old students need the aid of organisational signals to launch the structure strategy with causal and sequential texts and that sources may be more useful in combination with organisational signals, but only for students with some level of rhetorical competence, illustrating the intricacy of literacy development.