bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified interaction model for multiphase flows with the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Lourenço Ramon G. C. , Constantino Pedro H. , Tavares Frederico W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been increasingly adopted for modelling multiphase fluid simulations in engineering problems. Although relatively easy to implement, the ubiquitous Shan–Chen pseudopotential model suffers from limitations such as thermodynamic consistency and the formation of spurious currents. In the literature, the Zhang–Chen, Kupershtokh et al., the β‐scheme, and the Yang–He alternative models seek to mitigate these effects. Here, through analytical manipulations, we call attention to a unified model from which these multiphase interaction forces can be recovered. Isothermal phase‐transition simulations of single‐component in stationary and oscillating droplet conditions, as well as spinodal decomposition calculations, validate the model numerically and reinforce that the multiphase forces are essentially equivalent. Parameters are selected based on the vapour densities at low temperatures in the Maxwell coexistence curve, where there is a narrow range of optimal values. We find that expressing the model parameters as functions of the reduced temperature further enhances the thermodynamic consistency without losing stability or increasing spurious velocities.
Systematic study of tissue factor expression in solid tumors
Authors: de Bono Johann S. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Burm Saskia M. , Vanderstichele Adriaan , Houtkamp Mischa A. , Aarass Saida , Riisnaes Ruth , Figueiredo Ines , Nava Rodrigues Daniel , Christova Rossitza , Olbrecht Siel , Niessen Hans W. M. , Ruuls Sigrid R. , Schuurhuis Danita H. , Lammerts van Bueren Jeroen J. , Breij Esther C. W. , Vergote Ignace 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundElevated tissue factor (TF) expression, although restricted in normal tissue, has been reported in multiple solid cancers, and expression has been associated with poor prognosis. This manuscript compares TF expression across various solid tumor types via immunohistochemistry in a single study, which has not been performed previously.AimsTo increase insight in the prevalence and cellular localization of TF expression across solid cancer types, we performed a detailed and systematic analysis of TF expression in tumor tissue obtained from patients with ovarian, esophageal, bladder, cervical, endometrial, pancreatic, prostate, colon, breast, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and glioblastoma. The spatial and temporal variation of TF expression was analyzed over time and upon disease progression in patient‐matched biopsies taken at different timepoints. In addition, TF expression in patient‐matched primary tumor and metastatic lesions was also analyzed.Methods and ResultsTF expression was detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a validated TF‐specific antibody. TF was expressed in all cancer types tested, with highest prevalence in pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, HNSCC, and NSCLC, and lowest in breast cancer. Staining was predominantly membranous in pancreatic, cervical, and HNSCC, and cytoplasmic in glioblastoma and bladder cancer. In general, expression was consistent between biopsies obtained from the same patient over time, although variability was observed for individual patients. NSCLC biopsies of primary tumor and matched lymph node metastases showed no clear difference in TF expression overall, although individual patient changes were observed.ConclusionThis study shows that TF is expressed across a broad range of solid cancer types, and expression is present upon tumor dissemination and over the course of treatment.
Early post‐induction augmented therapy improves outcome in children and adolescents with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Abu Shanap Mayada , Al Jabour Haytham , Rihani Rawad , Hashem Hasan , Abu Ghosh Amal , Tbakhi Abdelghani , Kamal Nazmi , Sultan Iyad , Madanat Faris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) accounts for approximately 15% of all newly diagnosed ALL in children and adolescents and is associated with worse outcomes compared to pre‐B ALL. We aimed to decrease T‐ALL relapses by intensifying our regimen.MethodsPatients with T‐ALL were treated using two different regimens; before September 2014, patients were treated per St. Jude Total XV protocol; subsequently, a major change was adopted by adding two intensive blocks: FLAG and Reintensification. Cranial radiation was limited to patients with WBC ≥ 100 k/μl at diagnosis and/or patients with CNS2/CNS3 status.ResultsBetween June 2005 and April 2020, a total of 100 patients (76 males) were treated and followed up for a median of 70 months (range 14–181). Median age at diagnosis was 9 years (range 0.5–17.8). Forty‐eight patients were diagnosed after September 2014 and received the augmented regimen; their median follow up was 46 months (range 14–74). The 5‐year‐EFS estimates for patients who received the augmented regimen versus standard regimen were 87% ± 4.9% versus 67% ± 6.8% (p = .03); and the 5‐year‐OS estimates were 87% ± 5.1% versus 71% ± 6.3% (p = .06), respectively. Treatment related mortality (TRM) was reported in two patients treated per standard regimen but none for patients who received the augmented regimen.ConclusionsWe implemented a novel approach with early intensification added to a backbone of modified St. Jude Total‐XV regimen for patients with T‐ALL that resulted in improved outcome with no treatment related mortality.
Novel current feedback operational amplifier‐based configuration that realizes a single‐input multiple‐output‐type universal active filter and a single‐resistance‐controlled oscillator
Authors: Bhaskar Data Ram , Raj Ajishek , Senani Raj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new configuration employing five current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs), six resistors, and two grounded capacitors is proposed, which realizes a single‐input‐multiple‐output (SIMO)‐type voltage‐mode (VM) universal active filter and a single‐resistance‐controlled oscillator (SRCO) and simultaneously provides the following novel features: (i) realizability of all the five generic filter functions namely, low pass filter (LPF), high pass filter (HPF), band pass filter (BPF), band reject filter (BRF), and all pass filter (APF) at the five output terminals of the five CFOAs; (ii) infinite input impedance and zero output impedance in all the realizations; (iii) availability of orthogonal tunability of the filter parameters (pole frequency, quality factor/BW, and gain); (iv) realizability of an SRCO exhibiting independent control of the condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) by the simple artifice of changing one circuit connection; and (v) use of both grounded capacitors, as preferred for IC implementation. To demonstrate the workability of the proposed configuration, SPICE simulation results and experimental results have been included.
Foraging habitat selection of shrubland bird community in tropical dry forest
Authors: Deshwal Anant , Stephenson Steven L. , Panwar Pooja , DeGregorio Brett A. , Kannan Ragupathy , Willson John D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHabitat loss due to increasing anthropogenic disturbance is the major driver for bird population declines across the globe. Within the Eastern Ghats of India, shrubland bird communities are threatened by shrinking of suitable habitats due to increased anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. The development of an effective habitat management strategy is hampered by the absence of data for this bird community. To address this knowledge gap, we examined foraging sites for 14 shrubland bird species, including three declining species, in three study areas representing the shrubland type of forest community in the Eastern Ghats. We recorded microhabitat features within an 11 m radius of observed foraging points and compared these data with similar data from random plots. We used chi‐square to test the association between plant species and bird species for sites where they were observed foraging. We observed significant differences between foraging sites of all the study species and random plots, thus indicating selection for foraging habitat. Using linear discriminant analysis, we found that the microhabitat features important for the bird species were shrub density, vegetational height, vertical foliage stratification, grass height, and percent rock cover. Our results show that diet guild and foraging strata influence the foraging microhabitat selection of a species (e.g., ground‐foraging species differed significantly from other species). Except for two species, all focal birds were associated with at least one plant species. The plant‐bird association was based on foraging, structural, or behavioral preferences. Several key factors affecting foraging habitat such as shrub density can be actively managed at the local scale. Strategic and selective harvesting of forest products and a spatially and temporally controlled livestock grazing regime may allow regeneration of scrubland and create conditions favorable to birds.
Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants
Authors: Kerner Janika M. , Krauss Jochen , Maihoff Fabienne , Bofinger Lukas , Classen Alice 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite sometimes strong codependencies of insect herbivores and plants, the responses of individual taxa to accelerating climate change are typically studied in isolation. For this reason, biotic interactions that potentially limit species in tracking their preferred climatic niches are ignored. Here, we chose butterflies as a prominent representative of herbivorous insects to investigate the impacts of temperature changes and their larval host plant distributions along a 1.4‐km elevational gradient in the German Alps. Following a sampling protocol of 2009, we revisited 33 grassland plots in 2019 over an entire growing season. We quantified changes in butterfly abundance and richness by repeated transect walks on each plot and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of locally assessed temperature, site management, and larval and adult food resource availability on these patterns. Additionally, we determined elevational range shifts of butterflies and host plants at both the community and species level. Comparing the two sampled years (2009 and 2019), we found a severe decline in butterfly abundance and a clear upward shift of butterflies along the elevational gradient. We detected shifts in the peak of species richness, community composition, and at the species level, whereby mountainous species shifted particularly strongly. In contrast, host plants showed barely any change, neither in connection with species richness nor individual species shifts. Further, temperature and host plant richness were the main drivers of butterfly richness, with change in temperature best explaining the change in richness over time. We concluded that host plants were not yet hindering butterfly species and communities from shifting upwards. However, the mismatch between butterfly and host plant shifts might become a problem for this very close plant–herbivore relationship, especially toward higher elevations, if butterflies fail to adapt to new host plants. Further, our results support the value of conserving traditional extensive pasture use as a promoter of host plant and, hence, butterfly richness.
4E analysis of the horizontal axis wind turbine with LCA consideration for different climate conditions
Authors: Jahromi Sina , Moosavian Seyed F. , Yaghoubirad Maryam , Azizi Narjes , Ahmadi Abolfazl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels have made it important to pay attention to renewable energy sources. In this regard, using wind turbines to use the potential of wind energy as a source of clean energy is being developed. This study developed a numerical model of a horizontal axis wind turbine in MATLAB software. A multicriteria analysis based on energy, exergy, economic, and environmental analysis has been performed to policy‐making and evaluate the potential of wind energy systems. Six cities of Buenos Aires, Harare, Madrid, Melbourne, Shiraz, and Washington have also been analyzed as a case study to examine the impact of different climates on the result of these criteria. According to energy analysis, Melbourne is the best choice with Temperate Oceanic Climates and average energy efficiency of 17.1%. From an exergy point of view, Harare, which has Oceanic Subtropical Highland Climates, is the best choice, with an average exergy efficiency of 11.6%. In terms of the Levelized cost of energy, Melbourne is also known as the most economical city, with an energy cost of $0.14 per kWh. Also, based on the environmental aspect of the analysis, which represents the carbon footprint, Shiraz, with the Cold–Summer Mediterranean Climate and the lowest carbon emission per year, is the most optimal option.
Co‐payment and adolescents' use of psychologist treatment: Spill over effects on mental health care and on suicide attempts
Authors: Kruse Marie , Olsen Kim Rose , Skovsgaard Christian Volmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe literature around co‐payment shows evidence of increasing consumption following reduced co‐payment. We apply difference‐in‐difference methods to assess the effect of abolishing the co‐payment on psychologist treatment of anxiety and depression in 18 to 21‐year olds. We apply nationwide individual level data with individuals close to this age interval as control group. The population amounts to approximately 1.2 million individuals and a total of 51 million patient months of observations. We show that after removing co‐payment, the use of psychologist treatment almost doubles. We find that this increase involves moderately positive spill over effects on outpatient psychiatric care and on prescriptions of antidepressants. In the heterogeneity analysis we find evidence of higher effects on adolescents from families with lower income, indicating that reduced co‐payments may increase equality in access. We also see that effects are higher for individuals listed with general practitioners (GPs) with a reluctant referral style; indicating that these GPs' behavior is affected by patient co‐payment rates. Interestingly, we find evidence of significant reductions in suicide attempts – primarily among high‐income women and low‐income men. This indicates that better access to mental health care for adolescents may have a positive impact on their mental health and well‐being.
Numerical analysis of the two‐phase steam‐air heat transfer flow induced in smooth and corrugated channel using the VOF model
Authors: Koulali Aimad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, heat transfer induced in smooth and wavy channels in the presence of two phases (air and steam) was conducted and discussed. Two configurations have been studied according to the geometrical shape of the channel walls. The thermal and hydrodynamic fields in the channel have been predicted using the single‐fluid approach with a solver based on the finite volume method. Explicit formulation of the volume of fluid was used to track the interface between both fluids. The mesh in the wavy channel was treated with a curvilinear mesh grid. Local Nusselt evolution, isothermal distribution, streamlines, and other parameters have been shown at different times of simulation. It was found that weak air phase velocities and wave patterns of the channel walls play a destabilizing role in the interface evolution between both fluid phases. In addition, results show that channels with wavy walls can be an effective solution to ensure higher heat transfer in two‐phase flows.
Brain structure analysis of different age groups of Diannan small‐ear pigs
Authors: Liu Yi‐Fan , Fang Chang‐Le , Pi Yu , Ke Teng‐Fei , Chu Ji‐Xiang , Tang Lin‐Na , Zhang Lan‐Chun , Wanchana Somjit , Liao Cheng‐De 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of the study is to investigate the brain development and atrophy of Diannan small‐ear pigs in different ages using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 12 Diannan small‐ear pigs were included and divided into the young group, adult group, and middle‐and‐old age (M&O) group according to their age. The brain structure of pigs was scanned using MRI, and the brain data obtained were statistically analyzed by signal conversion and image reconstruction. Compared with the young group, the signals of most brain structures in the adult group and M&O group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the adult group, the signal intensity of the right caudate nucleus and the right lateral ventricle in the M&O group was significantly increased, while the signal intensity of other regions was almost significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the young group, both adult and M&O groups had some degree of brain atrophy. Brain atrophy in the precuneus and the inferior temporal gyrus was more predominant in the M&O group in comparison with the adult group. The present study demonstrated that the brain signal of Diannan small‐ear pigs gradually diminished with age, while the degree of brain atrophy was the opposite, providing the basic data on the brain of Diannan small‐ear pigs.
Comprehensive characterization of genomic and radiologic features reveals distinct driver patterns of RTK/RAS pathway in ground‐glass opacity pulmonary nodules
Authors: Yu Fenglei , Peng Muyun , Bai Jing , Zhu Xiuli , Zhang Bingyu , Tang Jingqun , Liu Wenliang , Chen Chen , Wang Xiang , Chen Mingjiu , Tan Sichuang , Sun Yi , Liang Qingchun , Li Jina , Hu Yan , Liao Aihui , Hu Huali , He Yu , Xiao Xiao , Wang Bin , Xing Guanlan , Xu Yaping , Chen Rongrong , Xia Xuefeng , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGround‐glass opacity (GGO)‐associated pulmonary nodules have been known as a radiologic feature of early‐stage lung cancers and exhibit an indolent biological behavior. However, the correlation between driver genes and radiologic features as well as the immune microenvironment remains poorly understood. We performed a custom 1021‐gene panel sequencing of 334 resected pulmonary nodules presenting as GGO from 262 Chinese patients. A total of 130 multiple pulmonary nodules were sampled from 58 patients. Clinical‐pathologic and radiologic parameters of these pulmonary nodules were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunofluorescent staining (mIF) were applied to analyze proliferation and immune cell markers of GGO‐associated pulmonary nodules. Compared with pure GGO nodules, mixed GGO nodules were enriched for invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) (182/216 vs 73/118, P < .001). Eighty‐eight percent (294/334) of GGO‐associated nodules carried at least one mutation in EGFR/ERBB2/BRAF/KRAS/MAP2K1 of the RTK/RAS signaling pathway, and the alterations in these driver genes were mutually exclusive. The analysis of multifocal pulmonary nodules from the same patient revealed evidence of functional convergence on RTK/RAS pathways. Nodules with ERBB2/BRAF/MAP2K1 mutations tended to be more indolent than those with EGFR and KRAS mutations. IHC and mIF staining showed that KRAS‐mutant GGO nodules displayed higher infiltration of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell as well as stronger proliferation and immune inhibitory signals. Our study demonstrates a driver landscape of radiologically detectable GGO‐associated pulmonary nodules in Chinese patients and supports that different driver patterns in RTK/RAS pathway are corresponding to different radiologic features.
Robotic surgery for pelvic organ prolapse with complete bladder eversion
Authors: Ichino Manabu , Sasaki Hitomi , Takenaka Masashi , Ichihara Keiichiro , Kawai Akihiro , Fukaya Kosuke , Zennami Kenji , Takahara Kiyoshi , Sumitomo Makoto , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPelvic organ prolapse with complete bladder eversion is extremely rare.Case presentationAn 82‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with uterine prolapse 3 years ago and underwent occasional urethral catheter placement for difficulty in micturition. She presented with vulvar bleeding and prolapsed uterus from the vagina. Pelvic examination revealed uterine prolapse and a 65 × 65‐mm red mass ventrally with urinary outflow. Contrast medium leakage from the vulvar mass and guidewire observed on antegrade pyeloureterography indicated pelvic organ prolapse with complete bladder eversion. Manual reduction of the everted bladder, robotic sacrocolpopexy, and bladder neck reconstruction was performed. However, eversion recurred 10 months postoperatively. Subsequently, robotic Burch colposuspension, cystopexy to the rectus fascia, bladder neck reconstruction, colpoclesis, and cystostomy were performed. There was no recurrence postoperatively.ConclusionRobotic Burch colposuspension, cystopexy to the rectus fascia, bladder neck reconstruction, colpoclesis, and cystostomy were performed for complete bladder eversion.
An apparatus for qualitative assessment of the shading ratio of oblique illumination and real‐time high‐contrast imaging
Authors: Shao Meng , Wang Ke , Wang Zixin , Peng Tao , Zhang Shuhe , Zhang Juanlin , Fang Shu , Wang Fengsong , Zhang Shengzhao , Zhong Min‐Cheng , Wang Yi , Zhong Zhensheng , Zhou Jinhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOblique illumination imaging can significantly improve the contrast of transparent thin samples. However, in traditional oblique illumination methods, either the condenser is offset or a block is added to the condenser, which makes it complicated and challenged to build a stable oblique illumination imaging. Herein, we present a method to measure the optimal shading ratio of oblique illumination in an inverted microscope, and develop an apparatus for stable high‐speed high‐contrast imaging with uniform brightness. At optimal shading ratio, the oblique illumination imaging has better imaging quality than differential interference contrast, which characteristic is independent on sample. In oblique illumination with low magnification objective, the images have uneven brightness. According to target brightness, we have developed a brightness unevenness correction algorithm to form uniform background brightness for oblique illumination. Integrating the algorithm with imaging acquisition, corrected oblique illumination microscopy is appropriate to observe living cells with high contrast.
Lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: Current treatment options for anemia
Authors: Meunier Mathieu , Park Sophie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematological disorders. Treatment options are classified and defined by prognostic risk based on the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and, more recently, the revised IPSS (IPSS‐R). The treatment goal for lower‐risk MDS is to correct cytopenias or their consequences, with the goal of maintaining or improving quality of life. Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) play an important role in treating anemia. Individuals with MDS who have a 5q deletion are particularly sensitive to treatment with lenalidomide; however, this comprises the minority of patients with MDS. Luspatercept was recently approved in the United States and the European Union for the treatment of ESA‐refractory MDS with ring sideroblasts. Research into new treatment options, especially after ESA failure, is needed. In this review, we will focus on the current therapeutic options for MDS‐related anemia.