bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noun‐Phrase Complexity Measures in Chinese and Their Relationship to L2 Chinese Writing Quality: A Comparison with Topic–Comment‐Unit‐Based Measures
Authors: LU XIAOFEI , WU JIFENG 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposed a set of measures for assessing noun phrase (NP) complexity in second language (L2) Chinese writing and compared the predictive power of these measures for L2 Chinese writing quality to that of a set of syntactic complexity measures based on the topic–comment unit (TC‐unit). Our data consisted of 101 narratives written by beginning–intermediate, intermediate–advanced, and advanced Korean Chinese‐as‐a‐second‐language (CSL) learners and rated by 2 trained CSL teachers. Results showed that the NP complexity measures explained a substantially larger proportion of variance in holistic writing scores than the TC‐unit‐based measures. Our findings confirmed the validity of the NP complexity measures we proposed and the need to attend to phrasal complexity in assessing L2 Chinese writing quality.
Effect of colonic distension on small bowel motility measured by jejunal high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Alcalá‐Gonzalez Luis G. , Malagelada Carolina , Livovsky Dan M. , Azpiroz Fernando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal motility patterns in the jejunum can be detected in patients with prominent colonic content, and these abnormalities may be due to either a primary jejunal dysfunction or a reflex distortion. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of colonic distension on small bowel postprandial motility using high‐resolution manometry.MethodsSingle center, controlled, parallel, randomized, single blind study in healthy subjects testing the effect of colonic filling vs sham infusion on the responses to a meal in 16 healthy subjects. Nutrients were continuously infused in the proximal jejunum (2 Kcal/min) during the 2‐h study period to induce a steady‐state postprandial motor pattern. Jejunal motility was measured by water‐perfused, high‐resolution manometry. After 1 h postprandial recording (basal period), gas was infused during 7.5 min via a rectal tube (720 mL or sham infusion), and jejunal motility was recorded for another hour.Key ResultsJejunal postprandial motility during the basal period was characterized by two overlapping components: a) continuous segmental activity (non‐propagated or shortly propagated) and b) intercurrent propagated fronts (3.8 ± 1.1 fronts of 2‐5 clustered contractions/h >10 cm propagation). As compared to sham infusion, colonic gas filling: a) inhibited continuous segmental contractile activity (by 17 ± 4%; p = 0.044 vs control group) and b) stimulated intermittent propagated fronts (up to 9.0 ± 2.2 fronts/h; p = 0.017 vs control group).Conclusions and InferencesLong retrograde reflexes induced by colonic distension distort the balance between segmental and propagated activity, and may affect the normal response of the jejunum to food ingestion. Jejunal manometry in patients may be artifacted by colonic overload.
A CCaMK/Cyclops response element in the promoter of Lotus japonicus calcium‐binding protein 1 (CBP1) mediates transcriptional activation in root symbioses
Authors: Gong Xiaoyun , Jensen Elaine , Bucerius Simone , Parniske Martin 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Early gene expression in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and the nitrogen‐fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is governed by a shared regulatory complex. Yet many symbiosis‐induced genes are specifically activated in only one of the two symbioses.

The Lotus japonicus T‐DNA insertion line T90, carrying a promoterless uidA (GUS) gene in the promoter of Calcium Binding Protein 1 (CBP1) is exceptional as it exhibits GUS activity in both root endosymbioses. To identify the responsible cis‐ and trans‐acting factors, we subjected deletion/modification series of CBP1 promoter : reporter fusions to transactivation and spatio‐temporal expression analysis and screened ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)‐mutagenized T90 populations for aberrant GUS expression.

We identified one cis‐regulatory element required for GUS expression in the epidermis and a second element, necessary and sufficient for transactivation by the calcium and calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) in combination with the transcription factor Cyclops and conferring gene expression during both AM and RNS. Lack of GUS expression in T90 white mutants could be traced to DNA hypermethylation detected in and around this element.

We concluded that the CCaMK/Cyclops complex can contribute to at least three distinct gene expression patterns on its direct target promoters NIN (RNS), RAM1 (AM), and CBP1 (AM and RNS), calling for yet‐to‐be identified specificity‐conferring factors.
The staging of William III's politics of peace with the Turks andThe Alcoran of Mahometin Nicholas Rowe'sTamerlane
Authors: Alhawamdeh Hussein A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNicholas Rowe'sTamerlane(1701) dramatizes the nuanced and complex relations of England during the Glorious Revolution with the Turkish Empire, recalling William III's efforts in mediating the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 as a permanent peace between the Turks and the Holy League in order to end Louis XIV's imperial gains from the Turkish wars. Axalla's incarnation of the English ambassador, Lord Paget (1637–1713), indicates Rowe's play as a celebration of English diplomacy with the Porte. Notwithstanding modern scholars interpreting the character of Bajazet as a historical parallel with Louis XIV, it is worth noting that he also connotes Sultan Mustapha II (1664–1703), who endeavored to restore ancient Turkish conquests by fighting in the wars in person. The circulation of the trope of “the most Christian Turk” during the Glorious Revolution as a designation of Louis XIV reflects the Turkish–French military alliance against which Rowe's play stands out. Moreover, Tamerlane keeps shifting the parallel between, on the one hand, William III, as noted by Rowe, and, on the other, as a revisionist, peaceful Muslim. Tamerlane appropriates several verses that call for peace from the Qur'an, which was translated by Alexander Ross asThe Alcoran of Mahometin 1649.
Climate, competition, and the rise of mosasauroid ecomorphological disparity
Authors: Cross Samuel R. R. , Moon Benjamin C. , Stubbs Thomas L. , Rayfield Emily J. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMosasauroidea, prominent marine lizards (Squamata, Toxicofera) of the final 30 million years of the Cretaceous, have been extensively studied for their morphology, ecology and systematics in the past two centuries. However, the relative roles of biological and physical processes as drivers of their morphological diversification remain uncertain. Here we investigate the macroevolution of mosasauroid feeding and locomotory disparity using continuous characters measured from the mandible and forelimb as proxies. Patterns of morphospace occupation demonstrate important roles for innovation and niche partitioning in driving morphological disparity. The early evolution of Mosasauroidea is characterized by large shifts in morphology, especially elongation of the mandibular biting area and hydropedality. The later diversification of derived Mosasaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae is associated with a great expansion of morphospace, attributed to the acquisition of novel feeding and locomotory strategies. Temporally, disparity follows a top‐heavy profile, possibly reflecting opportunism in the wake of the Cenomanian–Turonian anoxic event. The highest levels of disparity are found in the latest Cretaceous, associated with the radiation of derived mosasaurids alongside the persistence of more basal forms. Major morphological innovations are not associated with evolutionary rate shifts, which differentiates them from earlier marine reptiles, and may reflect constant and greater niche occupation in Late Cretaceous oceans. Linear modelling of potential physical drivers indicates a minor role for these processes, suggesting that biological drivers were the primary sculptors of mosasauroid morphological disparity.
Gender in Necropolitics: Race, sexuality, and gendered death
Authors: Islekel Ege Selin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on gender in the theoretical framework of necropolitics. To this end, I first articulate the role of gender in Mbembe's own account, and then explicate necropolitics as a conceptual tool that accounts for the overwhelming presence of death in contemporary politics. Gender is an undertheorized element of Mbembe's account of necropolitics; as it takes a secondary role while accounting for racial and (post)colonial violence. Nevertheless, necropolitics provides a helpful tool of analysis for gendered violence, and specifically gendered death. Through situating gendered death within the framework of necropolitics, we can move from power to resistance with respect to the contemporary politics of death, and articulate how other politics of death are formulated in transnational feminist, queer, and trans movements. Thus, necropolitics as a conceptual tool is helpful in understanding how contemporary colonial gender system works through not only an articulation, but optimization, of death.
Cross‐Regional production chains, competitive regionalism, and the deepening of regulatory fault lines in Euro‐Asia
Authors: Balmaceda Margarita , Westphal Kirsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes energy relations in the area encompassed by Russia, the EU, and their “common neighborhood” composed of Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova through the lens of the interaction and tension between regionalism and regionalization. It investigates how the interaction between these two processes is reflected on the ground, and how the friction between institutionalized, from‐above integration (“regionalism”) may clash with the more bottom‐up process involving the “making” of regions through day‐to‐day infrastructural and production‐chain links (“regionalization”). Based on an analysis of trans‐regional production chains in the oil, natural gas, and electricity sectors, it hypothesizes that the competitive energy regionalisms we are observing in the EU‐Russia neighborhood (exemplified by the EU‐led European Energy Community and the Russia‐led Eurasian Economic Union mismatch with the underlying flows and production chains, with important economic and political implications.
Traveling waves and transverse instability for the fractional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Borluk Handan , Bruell Gabriele , Nilsson Dag 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOf concern are traveling wave solutions for the fractional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (fKP) equation. The existence of periodically modulated solitary wave solutions is proved by dimension‐breaking bifurcation. Moreover, the line solitary wave solutions and their transverse (in)stability are discussed. Analogous to the classical Kadmomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, the fKP equation comes in two versions: fKP‐I and fKP‐II. We show that the line solitary waves of fKP‐I equation are transversely linearly instable. We also perform numerical experiments to observe the (in)stability dynamics of line solitary waves for both fKP‐I and fKP‐II equations.
Retrospective evaluation of cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation in hospitalized birds: 41 cases (2006–2019)
Authors: Crawford Amanda , Abelson Amanda , Gladden Jay , Rozanski Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe circumstances and outcomes following cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in hospitalized birds.DesignRetrospective case study.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsThe hospital medical records system was searched for avian cases that underwent CPR. Medical records were reviewed; data retrieved included association of CPA with anesthesia or handling, use of external compressions and intubation, drug administration, rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and outcome. Cases with incomplete medical records were excluded.ResultsForty‐one cases of avian CPR were identified. Anesthesia‐related arrest was reported in 26 of 41 cases. The remainder of CPA events occurred during an examination (6/41) or were observed during hospitalization for treatment of disease or injury (11/41). Compressions were performed in 14 birds and manual ventilation performed in 21 of 41 cases via intubation (19/21), tight‐fitting face mask (1/21), or air sac cannulation (1/21). Vascular access was achieved in 24 of 41 cases. Emergency drug administration was documented in 22 of 41 cases and included epinephrine (20/22), atropine (19/22), glycopyrrolate (3/22), doxapram (2/22), dextrose (3/22), mannitol (1/22), and furosemide (1/22). Fluid therapy was administered in 24 of 41 cases. There were 3 documented cases of ROSC (7%), all in patients under general anesthesia, and 1 (2%) CPA survivor.ConclusionsThere was no standardized approach to avian CPR in this study, and ROSC was rare. When ROSC was achieved, birds were under general anesthesia with direct monitoring by a clinician, were ventilated, and were administered anesthetic reversals and anticholinergic or catecholamine emergency medications. These poor outcomes suggest that further research and an updated standardized approach to avian CPR, with special consideration of the physiological differences from mammals, are needed.
Development of a cell‐free strategy to recover aged skeletal muscle after disuse
Authors: Wu Yu‐Fu , De La Toba Eduardo A. , Dvoretskiy Svyatoslav , Jung Rebecca , Kim Noah , Daniels Laureen , Romanova Elena V. , Drnevich Jenny , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Boppart Marni D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtended periods of bed rest and limb immobilization are required for healing post‐injury or disease, yet disuse can result in significant muscle atrophy and decreased quality of life in older adults. Physical rehabilitation is commonly prescribed to recover these deficits, yet accumulation of reactive oxygen species and sustained rates of protein degradation persist during the rehabilitation period that can significantly delay or prevent recovery. Pericytes, considered the primary mesenchymal and vascular stromal cell in skeletal muscle, secrete beneficial factors that maintain baseline muscle mass, yet minimal information exists regarding the pericyte response to disuse and recovery. In the current study, single‐cell RNA sequencing and functional assays were performed to demonstrate that pericytes in mouse skeletal muscle lose the capacity to synthesize antioxidants during disuse and recovery. This information was used to guide the design of a strategy in which healthy donor pericytes were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that effectively restored myofibre size in adult and aged muscle after disuse. Proteomic assessment detected 11 differentially regulated proteins in primed sEVs that may account for recovery of muscle, including proteins associated with extracellular matrix composition and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant processes. This study demonstrates that healthy H2O2‐primed pericyte‐derived sEVs effectively improve skeletal muscle recovery after immobilization, presenting a novel acellular approach to rebuild muscle mass in older adults after a period of disuse.Key points
Previous studies suggest that prolonged oxidative stress is a barrier to skeletal muscle recovery after a period of immobilization.
In this study we demonstrate that muscle‐resident perivascular stromal cells (pericytes) become dysfunctional and lack the capacity to mount an antioxidant defence after disuse in mice.
Hydrogen peroxide treatment of healthy pericytes in vitro simulates the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that effectively recover skeletal muscle fibre size and extracellular matrix remodelling in young adult and aged mice after disuse.
Pericyte‐derived sEVs present a novel acellular strategy to recover skeletal muscle after disuse.
Calculating Parametric Oscillation of Third-Order Nonlinear System With Dynamic Friction and Fractional Damping
Authors: Van Khang Nguyen , Thuy Bui Thi , Chung Phạm Thanh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the parametric resonance of third-order parametric nonlinear system with dynamic friction and fractional damping is investigated using the asymptotic method. The approximately analytical solution for the system is first determined, and the amplitude–frequency equation of the oscillator is established. The stability condition of the resonance solution is then obtained by means of Lyapunov theory. Additionally, the effect of the fractional derivative on the system dynamics is analyzed. The effects of the two parameters of the fractional-order derivative, i.e., the fractional coefficient and the fractional order, on the amplitude–frequency curves are investigated.
From Eikonal to Antieikonal Approximations: Competition of Scales in the Framework of Schrödinger and Classical Wave Equation
Authors: Vázquez Luis , Velasco M. Pilar , Baleanu Dumitru , Vázquez-Poletti J. Luis , Jiménez Salvador 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a description of certain limits associated with the Schrödinger equation, the classical wave equation, and Maxwell equations. Such limits are mainly characterized by the competition of two fundamental scales. More precisely: (1) The competition of an exploratory wavelength and the scale of fluctuations is associated with the media where the propagation takes place. From that, the universal behaviors arise eikonal and anti-eikonal. (2) In the context above, it is specially relevant and promising the study of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a media with a self-similar structure, like a fractal one. These systems offer the suggestive scenario where the eikonal and anti-eikonal behaviors are simultaneous. This kind of study requires large and massive computations that are mainly possible in the framework of the cloud computing. Recently, we started to carry out this task. (3) Finally and as a collateral aspect, we analyze the Planck constant in the interval 0≤h≤∞.
Developing an interprofessional learning and working culture to improve person-centred care in nursing homes: a realist action research protocol
Authors: Verbeek Frank H O , Lovink Marleen H , Laurant Miranda G H , van Vught Anneke J A H 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionHealthcare is changing due to the ageing of the general population, complex care demands and growing attention to person-centred care. To deal with these changes and provide the best possible person-centred care, the different professionals in nursing homes should all collaborate intensively. However, most professionals work within the field of their own expertise and share very little knowledge, experiences and insights. A lack of an interprofessional learning and working culture also prevents professionals with different expertise from working and learning intensively together to achieve high-quality person-centred care. There is a gap of knowledge about how to develop such a culture. Our aim is to provide insights into what actions, in what context and to what extent can contribute to an impactful development of an interprofessional learning and working culture.Methods and analysisThe realist action research design will be applied. It consists of three iterative steps: plan, act and observe, and reflect. First, we will formulate the theory about interprofessional learning and working culture and measure this culture by means of interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. Second, we will apply the nine principles of Practice Development to coach professionals from six Dutch nursing homes to improve their interprofessional learning and working culture. Finally, we will evaluate the impact of the changed attitudes and skills on healthcare practice.Ethics and disseminationApproval for the project was given by the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) Research Ethics Committee, the Netherlands, registration number EACO 164.12/19. All organisations, professionals and residents/family members will be informed verbally and by letter about the study and asked for informed consent. The results will be presented in peer-reviewed scientific journals, professional journals and at symposia and conferences. The findings will be transferred to an online toolbox and e-learning modules for graduated professionals and students.
Changing epidemiology of firearm injury: a cohort study of non-fatal firearm victimisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indianapolis, Indiana
Authors: Magee Lauren A , Lucas Bailee , Fortenberry James Dennis 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo examine victimisation rates, geographic patterns and neighbourhood characteristics associated with non-fatal firearm injury rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingCity of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 1 January 2017–30 June 2021.ParticipantsIntentional non-fatal firearm injury victims from Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department records. The study included information on 2578 non-fatal firearm injury victims between ages 0 and 77 years. Of these victims, 82.5% were male and 77.4% were black.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRates of non-fatal firearm injuries per 100 000 population by victim age, race, sex and incident motive. Prepandemic and peripandemic non-fatal firearm injury rates.ResultsNon-fatal shooting rates increased 8.60%, from 57.0 per 100 000 person-years in prepandemic years to 65.6 per 100 000 person-years during the pandemic (p<0.001). Rates of female victims (15.2 vs 23.8 per 100,000; p<0.001) and older victims (91.3 vs 120.4 per 100,000; p<0.001) increased significantly during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. Neighbourhoods with higher levels of structural disadvantage (IRR: 1.157, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.324) and prepandemic firearm injury rates (IRR: 1.001, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.002) was positively associated with higher rates of non-fatal firearm injuries during the pandemic, adjusting for neighbourhood characteristics.ConclusionsNon-fatal firearm injuries increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female and older victims. Efforts are needed to expand and rethink current firearm prevention efforts that both address the diversification of victimisation and the larger societal trauma of firearm violence.
Industrial Experience of Finding Cryptographic Vulnerabilities in Large-scale Codebases
Authors: Xiao Ya , Zhao Yang , Allen Nicholas , Keynes Nathan , Yao Danfeng (Daphne) , Cifuentes Cristina 
Published: March 2022

Enterprise environment often screens large-scale (millions of lines of code) codebases with static analysis tools to find bugs and vulnerabilities. Parfait is a static code analysis tool used in Oracle to find security vulnerabilities in industrial codebases. Recently, many studies show that there are complicated cryptographic vulnerabilities caused by misusing cryptographic APIs in Java
TM

1

In this paper, we describe how we realize a precise and scalable detection of these complicated cryptographic vulnerabilities based on Parfait framework. The key challenge in the detection of cryptographic vulnerabilities is the high false alarm rate caused by pseudo-influences. Pseudo-influences happen if security-irrelevant constants are used in constructing security-critical values. Static analysis is usually unable to distinguish them from hard-coded constants that expose sensitive information. We tackle this problem by specializing the backward dataflow analysis used in Parfait with refinement insights, an idea from the tool CryptoGuard [
20
]. We evaluate our analyzer on a comprehensive Java cryptographic vulnerability benchmark and eleven large real-world applications. The results show that the Parfait-based cryptographic vulnerability detector can find real-world cryptographic vulnerabilities in large-scale codebases with high true-positive rates and low runtime cost.