bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of soil respiration and nitrogen mineralization change after litter management at a subtropical Chinese sweetgum tree plantation
Authors: He Yiting , Wang Yong , Jiang Yi , Yin Guoping , Cao Shunping , Liu Xiongsheng , Wang Renjie , Wu Zijian , Chen Fengfan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeaf litter decomposition transfers elements from litter to soils that are essential for regulating nutrient cycles in plantation ecosystems, especially carbon and nitrogen. However, soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in response to tree litter management remains insufficiently researched. We conducted a one‐year field experiment at a fast‐growing sweetgum tree plantation to evaluate the effects of leaf litter management on soil available nutrients, respiration rate and nitrogen mineralization rate. Three leaf litter treatments were applied, which were: (1) natural input (control); (2) double input and (3) non‐input. It was found that the double input treatment increased soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen, but had little effect on microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon or dissolved organic nitrogen compared with natural input. The non‐input treatment caused dissolved organic carbon to decrease compared with natural input. The respiration rate increased in the double input treatment, with a positive priming effect observed. Soil net ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates also increased in the double input treatment in specific seasons. Meanwhile, positive linear relationships between respiration rate and all nitrogen transformation rates were observed for all treatments. Soil temperature was found to be an important prediction factor for predicting the respiration rate and mineralization as seasonal variations, but not for litter‐induced fluctuations. Soil water content and mineral nitrogen were the primary drivers of litter‐induced change to the respiration rate, whereas mineral nitrogen and microbial biomass were primary drivers of mineralization change. These results suggest that changes in soil nitrogen mineralization rate are strongly associated with the soil respiratory process, resulting in a potentially strong plant–soil feedback mechanism.
Theorising approaches to social movement spatialities: Local and global contestations of neoliberal water services
Authors: Magdahl Jørgen Eiken 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines different ways of studying – and thereby understanding – social movement spatialities. For more than a decade, literature on the geographies of social movements has explored the multiple spatialities of mobilisation, using concepts like scale, network, place, and territory. Drawing on existing contributions, the study provides a critical engagement that differentiates between several forms of research agendas involving contrasting epistemologies. This engagement contributes to opening up a conceptualisation of multiple analytical approaches by (1) analysing wider processes and political goals spanning different movements, characterised as ‘cross‐cutting spatialities’; (2) studying the more specific and diverse spatiotemporal realities within particular movement cases, which describe their ‘complex‐situated spatialities’; and (3) considering how inherent tensions arise between the different political practices of specific movements, displaying ‘contradictory spatialities’. The reading of these approaches is framed within a relational perspective that employs them in an empirical study of local and global struggles against neoliberalised urban water services. The paper explores the spatial practices of an urban place‐based movement struggle in Johannesburg and a global labour union federation for public service workers – representing two vantage points in the fight for water justice and the human right to essential services. The study demonstrates how the analytical approaches inform one another through complementary but also contrasting perspectives on movement politics.
The trade impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Ornelas Emanuel , Shi Huimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing a gravity‐like approach, we study how COVID‐19 deaths and lockdown policies affected countries’ imports from China during 2020. We find that a country's own COVID‐19 deaths and lockdowns significantly reduced its imports from China, suggesting that the negative demand effects prevailed over the negative supply effects of the pandemic. On the contrary, COVID‐19 deaths in the main trading partners of a country (excluding China) induce more imports from China, partially offsetting countries’ own effects. The net effect of moving from the pre‐pandemic situation to another where the main variables are evaluated at their 2020 mean is, on average, a reduction of nearly 10% in imports from China. There is also significant heterogeneity. For example, the negative own effects of the pandemic vanish when we restrict the sample to medical goods and are significantly mitigated for products with a high ‘work‐from‐home’ share or a high contract intensity for products exported under processing trade and for capital goods. We also find that deaths and lockdowns in previous months tend to increase current imports from China, partially offsetting the contemporaneous trade loss, suggesting that trade is not simply ‘destroyed,’ but partially ‘postponed’.
The multilateral trade policy of the Arab league countries: An empirical investigation
Authors: Benaddi Atika , Silva Peri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOur paper examines the effects of various features of the Arab League's trade policy (different preferential trade agreements, presence of tariff water, and market power) on the multilateral tariffs applied by its member countries. To carry out our study, we collected product‐level data from 1998 to 2015 with information on applied most‐favoured nations (MFN) tariffs, preferential tariffs, bound tariffs, import trade values, and market power for eleven members of the Arab League countries. Overall, our results suggest that preferential agreements have a building block effect on multilateral tariffs because Arab League members tend to lower their applied MFN tariffs as they grant enhanced preferential access to their partners. Moreover, we find that forming a customs union (CU) among Arab League members led to a lower degree of external trade liberalisation than forming a free trade area (FTA). Importantly, we find that a high degree of importer market power strengthens the building block effect of forming preferential trade agreements.
Quantification of cardiac and respiratory modulation of axonal activity in the human vagus nerve
Authors: Patros Mikaela , Ottaviani Matteo M. , Wright Leah , Dawood Tye , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe recently documented the first microelectrode recordings from the cervical vagus nerve in awake humans. Here we aimed to quantify cardiac and respiratory modulation of vagal activity to assess the feasibility of targeting axons supplying the heart and airways. Multi‐unit activity was recorded from 43 sites in 19 healthy participants in the left (n = 10) and right (n = 9) vagus nerves with ECG, continuous non‐invasive blood pressure and respiration. Cross‐correlation histograms were constructed between axonal spikes and the R‐waves or the peaks of inspiration. The latencies for the peak in cardiac modulation showed a bimodal distribution: while the majority of sites (72%) had peak latencies that preceded the R‐wave by up to 550 ms (mean ± SD, −300 ± 178 ms), 12 sites had latencies of up to 250 ms following the R‐wave (64 ± 87 ms). Interestingly, the majority of sites with negative latencies (68%) were found in the left nerve whereas most of those with positive latencies (75%) were found in the right. Conversely, on average the peak of respiratory modulation straddled the peak of inspiration. Sites showing respiratory modulation were more prevalent and showed stronger modulation than those with cardiac modulation: calculated for sites with modulation indices ≥15%, the median cardiac and respiratory modulation indices were 23.4% (n = 17) and 44.5% (n = 35), respectively. We conclude that, despite the fact that much of the vagus nerve supplies the gut, cardiac and respiratory modulation of vagal nerve activity can be identified through invasive recordings in awake humans.
imageKey points
Intraneural recordings from the cervical vagus were obtained in awake humans via tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the nerve through ultrasound guidance.
Cross‐correlation analysis of multi‐unit vagal activity revealed cardiac and respiratory modulation, from which the amplitude and latency of the peaks could be computed.
The magnitude of the cardiac modulation (23%) was weaker than that of the respiratory modulation (45%).
The latencies for the peak in cardiac modulation showed a bimodal distribution: the majority of sites (72%) had peak latencies that preceded the R‐wave, while the remainder had latencies that followed the R‐wave.
The majority of sites with negative latencies (68%) were found in the left nerve whereas most of those with positive latencies (75%) were found in the right.
On average the peak of respiratory modulation coincided with the peak of inspiration.
Cenozoic delamination of the southwestern Yangtze craton owing to densification during subduction and collision
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Qiang , Xu Chuan-Bing , Dan Wei , Xiao Zhuo , Shu Chutian , Wei Gangjian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is widely thought that oceanic subduction can trigger cratonic keel delamination, but the southwestern Yangtze craton (SYC; southwestern China) lost its lower keel during Cenozoic continental collision. The upper mantle beneath the thinned SYC contains its incompletely delaminated keel, which has high-velocity seismic anomalies. Combining geophysical observations with the geochemistry of Eocene mafic potassic lavas derived from the SYC mantle at different depths, we suggest that the deep (~130 km) delaminated lithosphere was more fertile and dense, with low-forsterite (Fo; molar 100 × Mg/[Mg + Fe] = 91.3) and high-δ18O (5.9‰) olivine, than the shallow (~55 km) intact lithosphere (Fo = 94.2; δ18O = 5.2‰), although both were rehydrated and oxidized. The deep keel underwent strong refertilization and densification owing to the addition of Fe-rich basaltic melts during earlier oceanic subduction. Subduction-driven refertilization and subsequent collision-driven cooling caused cratonic keel delamination due to compositional and thermal densification rather than hydration- or oxidation-induced rheological weakening. Our study provides an example of Cenozoic cratonic keel delamination in a collisional orogen and highlights the key roles of compositional and thermal densification in delamination during subduction and collision.
A tropically hot mid-Cretaceous North American Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Jones Matthew M. , Petersen Sierra V. , Curley Allison N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mid-Cretaceous thermal maximum (KTM) during Cenomanian to Santonian times from ca. 100 to 83 Ma is considered among Earth's warmest sustained intervals of the Phanerozoic. The time interval is also characterized by major paleoceanographic changes in the form of an oceanic anoxic event and the flooding of epicontinental seaways, such as the Western Interior Seaway in North America. We report carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) paleotemperatures (TΔ47) of the KTM measured from Cenomanian oyster fossils of the Western Interior Seaway. Following screening of specimens for carbonate diagenesis and exclusion of geographic zones with evidence consistent with solid-state Δ47 reordering, a mean TΔ47 of 28–34 °C (95% confidence interval for the standard error of mean) for primary oyster calcite quantifies extreme mid-latitude warmth in North America. When combined with existing Campanian and Maastrichtian marine TΔ47 records, the new data constrain Late Cretaceous temperature trends underlying the evolution of North American faunal and stratigraphic records. These TΔ47 data from the peak KTM highlight the potential of this proxy to quantitatively resolve the upper thermal limits of Phanerozoic greenhouse climates.
Complete chloroplast genome of Gentianopsis barbata and comparative analysis with related species from Gentianaceae
Authors: Feng Zhan , Zheng Yan , Jiang Yuan , Miao Yujing , Luo Guangming , Huang Linfang 
Published: May 2022

Gentianopsis barbata is an essential medicinal plant in China with high ornamental and medicinal values. Unfortunately, the study of the chloroplast genome of this plant still has a gap. This study sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of G. barbata. The complete chloroplast genome of G. barbata is a typical circular structure of 151 123 bp. It consists of a large single-copy region (82 690 bp) and a small single-copy region (17 887 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (25 273 bp), which covers 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. The long repeat sequence analysis showed that the P-type (palindromic) sequences were the major long repeat sequences. Thirty-seven simple sequence repeats were identified, most of which were single nucleotides. The Bayesian inference tree, maximum likelihood tree, and neighbor-joining tree suggested that G. barbata is grouped with Gentianopsis grandis and Gentianopsis paludosa. The divergence time analysis showed that G. barbata diverged at 1.243 Mya. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes can reveal interspecific diversity, and regions with high variation can be used to develop molecular markers applicable to various research areas. Our results provide a new insight into plastome evolution and a valuable resource for further studies on G. barbata.
Softly-broken $$A_4$$ or $$S_4$$ 3HDMs with stable states
Authors: de Medeiros Varzielas Ivo , Ivo Diogo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study multi-Higgs models with a triplet of $$A_4$$

A
4

or $$S_4$$

S
4

symmetry that is softly-broken. Focusing on parameters that softly break the respective symmetries but preserve the directions of the vacuum expectation values of the triplet we analyse the masses of physical states and discuss their decays. In contrast with previously studied symmetries, we find some cases with stable states that are protected by residual symmetries left unbroken by both the soft-breaking parameters and by the vacuum.
Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Role of Constitutive KAP1 Phosphorylation by B-cell Receptor Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Wu Jung-Lin , Wu Hsin-Yi , Wu Shang-Ju , Tsai Ho-Yang , Weng Shao-Hsing , Lin Kuen-Tyng , Lin Liang-In , Yao Chi-Yuan , Zamanova Margarita , Lee Yi-Yuan , Angata Takashi , Tien Hwei-Fang , Chen Yu-Ju , Lin Kuo-I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Application of B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway inhibitor ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a major breakthrough, yet the downstream effects following inhibition of BCR signaling and during relapse await further clarification. By comparative phosphoproteomic profiling of B cells from patients with CLL and healthy donors, as well as CLL B cells collected at multiple time points during the course of ibrutinib treatment, we provided the landscape of dysregulated phosphoproteome in CLL and its dynamic alterations associated with ibrutinib treatment. Particularly, differential phosphorylation events associated with several signaling pathways, including BCR pathway, were enriched in patient CLL cells. A constitutively elevated phosphorylation level of KAP1 at serine 473 (S473) was found in the majority of CLL samples prior to treatment. Further verification showed that BCR activation promoted KAP1 S473 phosphorylation, whereas ibrutinib treatment abolished it. Depletion of KAP1 in primary CLL cells decelerated cell-cycle progression and ectopic expression of a KAP1 S473 phospho-mimicking mutant accelerated G2–M cell-cycle transition of CLL cells. Moreover, temporal phosphoproteomic profiles using a series of CLL cells isolated from one patient during the ibrutinib treatment revealed the dynamic changes of several molecules associated with BCR signaling in the ibrutinib responsive and recurrent stages.

Implications:
This phosphoproteomic analysis and functional validation illuminated the phosphorylation of KAP1 at S473 as an important downstream BCR signaling event and a potential indicator for the success of ibrutinib treatment in CLL.
Pan-Cancer HLA Gene-Mediated Tumor Immunogenicity and Immune Evasion
Authors: Gong Xutong , Karchin Rachel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression contributes to the activation of antitumor immunity through interactions with T-cell receptors. Pan-cancer HLA-mediated immunogenicity and immunoediting mechanisms have not been systematically studied previously. In a retrospective analysis of 33 tumor types from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized the differential expression of HLA class I and class II genes across various oncogenic pathways and immune subtypes. While HLA I genes were upregulated in all immunogenically hot tumors, HLA II genes were upregulated in an inflammatory immune subtype associated with best prognosis and were systematically downregulated in specific oncogenic pathways. A subset of immunogenically hot tumors which upregulated HLA class I but not class II genes exploited HLA-mediated escape strategies. Furthermore, with a machine learning model, we demonstrated that HLA gene expression data can be used to predict the immune subtypes of patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade and stratify patient survival. Interestingly, tumors with the highest immune infiltration did not have the best prognosis but showed significantly higher immune exhaustion.

Implications:
Taken together, we highlight the prognostic potential of HLA genes in immunotherapies and suggest that higher tumor immunogenicity mediated by HLA expression may sometimes lead to tumor escape under strong selective pressure.
MUC16 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Upregulating NRP2-Associated Cell Adhesion
Authors: Marimuthu Saravanakumar , Lakshmanan Imayavaramban , Muniyan Sakthivel , Gautam Shailendra K. , Nimmakayala Rama Krishna , Rauth Sanchita , Atri Pranita , Shah Ashu , Bhyravbhatla Namita , Mallya Kavita , Grandgenett Paul M. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Datta Kaustubh , Jain Maneesh , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer, as it commonly metastasizes to the liver resulting in an overall poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism involved in liver metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to identify the MUC16-mediated molecular mechanism of PDAC-liver metastasis. Previous studies demonstrated that MUC16 and its C-terminal (Cter) domain are involved in the aggressiveness of PDAC. In this study, we observed MUC16 and its Cter expression significantly high in human PDAC tissues, PDAC organoids, and metastatic liver tissues, while no expression was observed in normal pancreatic tissues using IHC and immunofluorescence (IFC) analyses. MUC16 knockdown in SW1990 and CD18/HPAF PDAC cells significantly decreased the colony formation, migration, and endothelial/p-selectin binding. In contrast, MUC16-Cter ectopic overexpression showed significantly increased colony formation and motility in MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, MUC16 promoted cell survival and colonization in the liver, mimicking an ex vivo environment. Furthermore, MUC16 enhanced liver metastasis in the in vivo mouse model. Our integrated analyses of RNA-sequencing suggested that MUC16 alters Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) and cell adhesion molecules in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we identified that MUC16 regulated NRP2 via JAK2/STAT1 signaling in PDAC. NRP2 knockdown in MUC16-overexpressed PDAC cells showed significantly decreased cell adhesion and migration. Overall, the findings indicate that MUC16 regulates NRP2 and induces metastasis in PDAC.

Implications:
This study shows that MUC16 plays a critical role in PDAC liver metastasis by mediating NRP2 regulation by JAK2/STAT1 axis, thereby paving the way for future therapy efforts for metastatic PDAC.
Infarct Patterns in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Webs
Authors: El Jamal Sleiman , Nogueira Raul G. , Bhatt Nirav R. , da Câmara Catarina Perry , Al‐Bayati Alhamza R. , Allen Jason W. , Kim Song J. , Olivé‐Gadea Marta , Frankel Michael , Nahab Fadi , Haussen Diogo C. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Carotid webs (CaWs) may explain embolic strokes particularly in young patients with cerebral embolism of otherwise undetermined cause. We aim to describe the radiological patterns of infarction in patients with symptomatic CaWs.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of a symptomatic CaW database (September 2014–July 2019) from 2 comprehensive stroke centers. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed independently by 2 blinded raters. Patterns of acute infarction included territorial (involving ≥2 arterial subdivisions), cortical (affecting 1 arterial subdivision), 1or multiple small cortical infarcts, borderzone infarcts (cortical or internal), striatocapsular lacunes (<1.5 cm in size), or ≥1 deep vascular territory (involving subcortical contiguous deep structures). Different concomitant patterns could coexist. Prior strokes and leukoaraiosis severity (modified Fazekas scale) were evaluated.

Results
Forty symptomatic patients with CaW who had infarction were identified. The median age of patients was 49 years (interquartile range, 41–57 years), 22% were women, and 78% were of Black race. The median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 13 (interquartile range, 4–17), noncontrast Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was 8 (interquartile range, 7–8), and 13 (33%) patients received intravenous alteplase. Thirty‐four (85%) individuals presented with large vessel occlusion strokes (9% intracranial internal carotid artery, 62% middle cerebral artery M1 segment, 29% M2 segment). Sixty‐three percent of patients had right hemispheric strokes and 85% large vessel occlusion. Most patients (98%) had cortical infarcts: 30% were territorial, 38% affected 1 subdivision, and 63% had ≥1 small cortical infarct. Ten percent of the patients had infarcts involving borderzone areas. Fifteen percent of patients had striatocapsular lacunes, all of which had a concomitant cortical infarction. Five percent of patients had imaging evidence of previous strokes (all cortical and within the CaW vascular territory) and 20% had leukoaraiosis (18% grade 1 and 2% grade 2).

Conclusion
Acute cerebral infarction attributed to CaW were all compatible with an embolic mechanism. CaW should be considered in the workup of patients with cryptogenic strokes as a potential source of embolism.
When Poverty Reduction Meets Democracy: An Investigation into the Use of  Different Evaluation Methods for Assessing the Effectiveness of  a Social Program
Authors: Zhan Peng , Li Shi , Shen Yangyang , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper evaluates the minimum living standard guarantee program (Dibao) in rural China using several methods including the income approach, the multidimensional poverty approach, and a proxy means test approach. We find that the targeting accuracy of the program appears greater the more comprehensive the evaluation method used—but all these methods find low levels of targeting accuracy. Because Dibao fund allocation is largely decided by the villagers, who take a more holistic view in selecting “poor” households than the various evaluation methods, we argue that the low targeting efficacy may be due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation method, as opposed to the low targeting of the program itself. This paper argues that the community-based targeting used by the Dibao program may be a better way to combat poverty in many developing countries, as it requires less administrative capacity and overcomes the difficulties of identifying poor households that qualify for assistance.