bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The WISDOM self‐management intervention: A cost‐effectiveness analysis to support the transformation of type 2 diabetes care in England
Authors: Singh Surya , Price Hermione , Fayers Kate , Leal Jose , Donoghue Victoria , Hempenstall Julia , Lewis Paul , O'Halloran Paul , Tsiachristas Apostolos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of the WISDOM self‐management intervention for type 2 diabetes compared with care as usual.DesignWe performed a difference‐in‐differences analysis to estimate differences in risk factors for diabetes complications between people in the WISDOM group (n = 25, 276) and a control group (n = 15, 272) using GP records. A decision analytic model was then used to extrapolate differences in risk factors into costs and outcomes in the long term.SettingParticipating GP practices in West Hampshire and Southampton, UK.ParticipantsAll people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between January 1990 and March 2020 (n = 40,548).OutcomesDiabetes‐related complications, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs to the English National Health Service at 5 years and lifetime.InterventionsThe WISDOM intervention included risk stratification, self‐management education programme to professionals and people with type 2 diabetes, and monitoring of key treatment targets.ResultsWISDOM was associated with less atrial fibrillation [p = 0.001], albuminuria [p = 0.002] and blood pressure [p = 0.098]. Among all people in the intervention group, WISDOM led to 51 [95%CI: 25; 76] QALYs gained and saved £278,036 [95%CI: −631,900; 176,392] in the first 5 years after its implementation compared with care as usual. During those people' lifetime, WISDOM led to 253 [95%CI: 75; 404] QALYs gained and cost saving of £126,380 [95%CI: −1,466,008; 1,339,628]. The gains in QALYs were a result of reduced diabetes‐related complications through improved management of the associated risk factors.ConclusionsThe WISDOM risk‐stratification and education intervention for type 2 diabetes appear to be cost‐effective compared to usual care by reducing diabetes complications.
Healthcare resource utilization in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: A Danish nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Christensen Sarah Friis , Svingel Lise Skovgaard , Kjærsgaard Anders , Stenling Anna , Darvalics Bianka , Paulsson Björn , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Stentoft Jesper , Starklint Jørn , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Clausen Mette Borg , Hilsøe Morten Hagemann , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Frederiksen Henrik , Mikkelsen Ellen Margrethe , Bak Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFew studies have assessed healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in patients with Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) using a matched cohort design. Further, no detailed assessment of HRU in the years preceding an MPN diagnosis exists. We conducted a registry‐based nationwide Danish cohort study, including patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and unclassifiable MPN diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2016. HRU data were summarized annually from 2 years before MPN diagnosis until emigration, death, or end of study (December 2017). We included 3342 MPN patients and 32 737 comparisons without an MPN diagnosis, matched on sex, age, region of residence, and level of education. During the study period, the difference in HRU (rate ratio) between patients and matched comparisons ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 for general practitioner contacts, 0.9 to 2.2 for hospitalizations, 0.9 to 3.8 for inpatient days, 1.0 to 4.0 for outpatient visits, 1.3 to 2.1 for emergency department visits, and 1.0 to 4.1 for treatments/examinations. In conclusion, MPN patients had overall higher HRU than the matched comparisons throughout the follow‐up period (maximum 8 years). Further, MPN patients had substantially increased HRU in both the primary and secondary healthcare sector in the 2 years preceding the diagnosis.
Age‐specific impacts of nicotine and withdrawal on hippocampal neuregulin signalling
Authors: Keady Jack , Fisher Miranda , Anderson Erin , LeMalefant Rachel , Turner Jill 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with 87% of smokers starting before the age of 18. Age of initiation is a major predictive factor for smoking frequency and successful smoking cessation. People who initiate smoking during adolescences are 2.33 times more likely to become heavy smokers and half as likely to quit compared with smokers who started during adulthood. Additionally, schizophrenia, a disease state linked to altered neurodevelopment during adolescence, is a major predictive factor for smoking status. Smoking rates among people suffering from schizophrenia are between 60% and 90%. Interestingly, the Neuregulin Signalling Pathway (NSP), which plays an important role in neurodevelopment, is implicated in both schizophrenia and nicotine use disorder. Specifically, SNPS in neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) and Erb‐B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ErbB4) have been associated with smoking cessation outcomes and schizophrenia. Here, we examine the effects of chronic nicotine (18 mg/kg/day) and 24‐h withdrawal on NSP gene expression in the hippocampus of adult (20‐week‐old) and adolescent (4‐week‐old) mice. We show that withdrawal from chronic nicotine decreased the expression of Erbb4 mRNA in the hippocampus of the adult mice but increased the expression of cytosolic Erbb4 protein in adolescent mice. Nrg3 mRNA and protein expression was not altered by chronic nicotine or withdrawal in the adult or adolescent cohorts, but Nrg3 mRNA and synaptosomal protein expression was lower in the adult withdrawal group when compared with their adolescent counterparts. These results highlight the age‐specific effects of nicotine withdrawal on the NSP and may contribute to the lower quit rate and higher cigarette consumption of smokers who initiation during adolescences.
Emerging biological archives can reveal ecological and climatic change in Antarctica
Authors: Strugnell Jan M. , McGregor Helen V. , Wilson Nerida G. , Meredith Karina T. , Chown Steven L. , Lau Sally C. Y. , Robinson Sharon A. , Saunders Krystyna M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is causing observable changes in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean including increased air and ocean temperatures, glacial melt leading to sea‐level rise and a reduction in salinity, and changes to freshwater water availability on land. These changes impact local Antarctic ecosystems and the Earth's climate system. The Antarctic has experienced significant past environmental change, including cycles of glaciation over the Quaternary Period (the past ~2.6 million years). Understanding Antarctica's paleoecosystems, and the corresponding paleoenvironments and climates that have shaped them, provides insight into present day ecosystem change, and importantly, helps constrain model projections of future change. Biological archives such as extant moss beds and peat profiles, biological proxies in lake and marine sediments, vertebrate animal colonies, and extant terrestrial and benthic marine invertebrates, complement other Antarctic paleoclimate archives by recording the nature and rate of past ecological change, the paleoenvironmental drivers of that change, and constrain current ecosystem and climate models. These archives provide invaluable information about terrestrial ice‐free areas, a key location for Antarctic biodiversity, and the continental margin which is important for understanding ice sheet dynamics. Recent significant advances in analytical techniques (e.g., genomics, biogeochemical analyses) have led to new applications and greater power in elucidating the environmental records contained within biological archives. Paleoecological and paleoclimate discoveries derived from biological archives, and integration with existing data from other paleoclimate data sources, will significantly expand our understanding of past, present, and future ecological change, alongside climate change, in a unique, globally significant region.
Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length
Authors: Ma Qianqian , Hänninen Heikki , Berninger Frank , Li Xiaobo , Huang Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming‐induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980–2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, that is, the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980–2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevated temperature, thus accelerating the accumulation of forcing, whereas the prolonged FDP was primarily caused by the substantial increase of the forcing requirement of fruiting, which could be fulfilled only in a longer time and thus slowed down the advance of fruiting. This study provides large‐scale empirical evidence of warming‐induced advances of FDP but divergent changes in its length in temperate woody species. Our findings demonstrate the contrasting reproductive phenological strategies among temperate woody species under the pressure of warming climate, contrary to the lengthening of vegetative growing season, which is by and largely similar with different woody species.
Improving the representation of sugarcane crop in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) model for climate impact assessment
Authors: Vianna Murilo S. , Williams Karina W. , Littleton Emma W. , Cabral Osvaldo , Cerri Carlos Eduardo P. , De Jong van Lier Quirijn , Marthews Toby R. , Hayman Garry , Zeri Marcelo , Cuadra Santiago V. , Challinor Andrew J. , Marin Fabio R. , Galdos Marcelo V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBioenergy from sugarcane production is considered a key mitigation strategy for global warming. Improving its representation in land surface models is important to further understand the interactions between climate and bioenergy production, supporting accurate climate projections and decision‐making. This study aimed to calibrate and evaluate the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) for climate impact assessments in sugarcane. A dataset composed of soil moisture, water and carbon fluxes and biomass measurements from field experiments across Brazil was used to calibrate and evaluate JULES‐crop and JULES‐BE parametrizations. The ability to predict the spatiotemporal variability of sugarcane yields and the impact of climate change was also tested at five Brazilian microregions. Parameters related to sugarcane allometry, crop growth and development were derived and tested for JULES‐crop and JULES‐BE, together with the response to atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and low‐water availability (CTW‐response). Both parametrizations showed comparable performance to other sugarcane dynamic models, with a root mean squared error of 6.75 and 6.05 t ha−1 for stalk dry matter for JULES‐crop and JULES‐BE, respectively. The parametrizations were also able to replicate the average yield patterns observed in the five microregions over 30 years when the yield gap factors were taken into account, with the correlation (r) between simulated and observed interannual variability of yields ranging from 0.33 to 0.56. An overall small positive trend was found in future yield projections of sugarcane using the new calibrations, with exception of the Jataí mesoregion which showed a clear negative trend for the SSP5 scenario from the years 2070 to 2100. Our simulations showed that an abrupt negative impact on sugarcane yields is expected if daytime temperatures above 35°C become more frequent. The newly calibrated version of JULES can be applied regionally and globally to help understand the interactions between climate and bioenergy production.
Constitutive programmed death ligand 1 expression protects gastric G‐cells from Helicobacter pylori–induced inflammation
Authors: Mommersteeg Michiel C. , Yu Bing Ting , van den Bosch Thierry P. P. , von der Thüsen Johan H. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Doukas Michael , Spaander Manon C. W. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Fuhler Gwenny M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionGastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a premalignant lesion, highly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Previous studies have shown that H. pylori is able to induce the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), an inhibitory immune modulator, in gastric cells. Our aim was to investigate whether tissues from GIM patients may exploit PD‐L1 expression upon H. pylori infection to evade immunosurveillance.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed for PD‐L1 and enteroendocrine markers somatostatin and gastrin on samples derived from a cohort of patients with known GIM, both before and after H. pylori eradication. To determine the identity of any observed PD‐L1‐positive cells, we performed multiplex immunofluorescent staining and analysis of single‐cell sequencing data.ResultsGIM tissue was rarely positive for PD‐L1. In normal glands from GIM patients, PD‐L1 was mainly expressed by gastrin‐positive G‐cells. While the D‐cell and G‐cell compartments were both diminished 2‐fold (p = .015 and p = .01, respectively) during H. pylori infection in the normal antral tissue of GIM patients, they were restored 1 year after eradication. The total number of PD‐L1‐positive cells was not affected by H. pylori, but the percentage of PD‐L1‐positive G‐cells was 30% higher in infected subjects (p = .011), suggesting that these cells are preferentially rescued from destruction.ConclusionsAntral G‐cells frequently express PD‐L1 during homeostasis. G‐cells seem to be protected from H. pylori‐induced immune destruction by PD‐L1 expression. GIM itself does not express PD‐L1 and is unlikely to escape immunosurveillance via expression of PD‐L1.
Development and psychometric testing of the patient participation in bedside handover survey
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Marshall Andrea P. , Gardiner Therese , Jenkinson Kim , Shapiro Margaret , Ireland Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhen handover is conducted at the patient's bedside, active patient participation can be encouraged, which may improve the safety and quality of care. There is a need for valid and reliable tools to measure patient perceptions of participation in bedside handover, to ensure the rising number of implementation and improvement efforts are consistently and effectively evaluated. The aim of this study is to systematically develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a self‐report survey to measure patients' perceptions of participation in bedside handover.MethodsIn Phase 1, our team developed a conceptual framework and item pool (n = 130). In Phase 2, content validity was assessed with four health consumers, four nurses and four researchers. Next, 10 current hospital inpatients tested the survey for end‐user satisfaction. In Phase 3, 326 inpatients completed the survey, allowing exploratory factor analysis, reliability analyses and convergent/divergent validity analyses to occur.ResultsPhase 1 and 2 resulted in a 42‐item survey. In Phase 3, 321 surveys were available for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three‐factor solution, with 24 items, which matched our conceptual framework. The three factors were: ‘Conditions for patient participation in bedside handover’, ‘Level of patient participation in bedside handover’ and ‘Evaluation of patient participation in bedside handover’. There was strong evidence for factor reliability and validity. Additionally, the correlation between factors was strong.ConclusionThis study furthers our conceptual understanding by showing that nurse facilitating behaviours are a strong precursor for patient participation and perceived handover outcomes, justifying the need for nursing training. A robust survey has been developed to measure patient perceptions of participation in bedside handover, which can effectively evaluate this approach to care. Engaging consumers and nurses as research team members was invaluable in ensuring that the survey is acceptable for end‐users.Patient or Public ContributionA health consumer and nurse partnered as members of the research team from study inception to dissemination.
Effect of the diluent on combustion synthesis of silicon nitride
Authors: Li Fei , Cui Wei , Tian Zhaobo , Zhang Jie , Du Songmo , Chen Zhanglin , Zhang Shijia , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSi3N4 powders were prepared by combustion synthesis with 1‐ and 3‐μm α‐Si3N4, β‐Si3N4 diluent and BN inert diluent. The maximum temperatures of samples with boron nitride (BN) as a diluent are about 1500–1600°C lower than that of samples with α‐Si3N4 and β‐Si3N4 as diluents are about 1600–1800°C. Moreover, the newly formed α‐Si3N4 contents in the synthesized products with BN as diluent over 90 wt% are much higher than those with α‐Si3N4 and β‐Si3N4 as diluent about 20–40 wt%. The strip‐like α‐Si3N4, rod‐like β‐Si3N4 grains, and radiative shaped grains can be observed in the synthesized products. Finally, the effect of the diluent on the α‐phase content of combustion synthesized Si3N4 is discussed, which provides key guidance for preparing Si3N4 powders with high α‐phase content.
Legumes flour: a review of the nutritional properties, physiological functions and application in extruded rice products
Authors: Guan Chunmin , Long Xinkang , Long Zhao , Lin Qinlu , Liu Chun 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn recent years, legumes have become increasingly popular because of their high nutritional value and health benefits. Moreover, most legumes have a low glycaemic index (GI) and are often considered in dietary interventions for diabetes. Extruded rice products (ERPs) are trendy in major rice‐producing areas, including staple foods (such as rice noodles) and snack foods (such as rice cake). However, ERPs have a higher GI and a relatively simple nutritional composition. Therefore, adding whole legumes flour or its components to ERPs is a significant issue, which can reduce ERPs' GI and improve these products' nutritional value. This paper reviewed the nutritional properties and physiological functions of legumes flour or its components. In addition, the factors (starch and extrusion processing) affecting the quality and GI of ERPs were summarised. Besides, this paper reviewed after adding whole legumes flour or its components to ERPs, the products' appearance and quality are better and its nutritional properties are also better, especially with regard to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, this review also summarised three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology in ERPs could improve the products' quality and nutritional value. Finally, directions that will be the focus of 3D printing and legumes were highlighted.
Managing the external financing constraints of social enterprises: A systematic review of a diversified research landscape
Authors: Schätzlein Lena , Schlütter Deike , Hahn Rüdiger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial enterprises, located between non‐profit organisations and for‐profit firms, often struggle to acquire external funding. An increasing amount of research on the external financing of social enterprises stems from a fragmented body of the literature anchored in a variety of subject areas (e.g. entrepreneurship, public sector management, general management and strategy). We systematically review 204 academic articles published between 1998 and 2021 to bridge the knowledge gaps in these subject areas by: (1) mapping the field of the external financing of social enterprises at the individual, organisational and institutional levels; (2) synthesising the findings to develop an overarching framework; and (3) discussing theoretically sound future research avenues. We find that research at the individual level focuses primarily on investors’ perspective of the ideal characteristics of a social entrepreneur. Research at the organisational level often addresses the dual logics of social enterprises and their impact on the successful financing of these businesses and the role of investor–investee collaboration. Research at the institutional level can be clustered into cultural, economic, political and legal factors. Overall, we stress the need for research that adopts an overarching view by considering all three levels of analysis simultaneously and using organisational and economic theories.
Once the best student always the best student? Predicting graduate study success using undergraduate academic indicators: Evidence from research masters’ programs in the Netherlands
Authors: Kurysheva Anastasia , Koning Nivard , Fox Christine M. , van Rijen Harold V. M. , Dilaver Gönül 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the face of increasing and diversifying graduate application numbers, evidence‐based selective admissions have become a pressing issue. By conducting multilevel regression analyses on institutional admissions data from a Dutch university, this study aims to determine the predictive value of undergraduate academic indicators for graduate study success on research masters’ programs in the life sciences. The results imply that in addition to undergraduate grade point average, undergraduate thesis grade is a valid predictor of graduate grade point average. To a small extent, the examined undergraduate academic indicators also predict graduate degree completion and time to degree. The results from this study can be used by admissions committees for evaluating and improving their current practices of graduate selective admissions.
Oxidative phosphorylation regulates interleukin‐10 production in regulatory B cells via the extracellular signal‐related kinase pathway
Authors: Zhu Yinhong , Zhang Xiaoran , Xie Shujuan , Bao Weijia , Chen Jingrou , Wu Qili , Lai Xiaorong , Liu Longshan , Xiong Shiqiu , Peng Yanwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulatory B cells (Bregs) are immune cells that constrain autoimmune response and restrict inflammation via their expression of interleukin (IL)‐10. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Breg differentiation and IL‐10 secretion remain unclear. Previous data suggest that cellular metabolism determines both the fate and function of these cells. Here, we suggest an essential role for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the regulation of IL‐10 in these Bregs. We found that IL‐10+ B cells from IL‐10‐green fluorescent protein‐expressing mice had higher oxygen consumption rate than IL‐10− B cells. In addition, inhibition of OXPHOS decreased the expression of IL‐10 in B cells. Furthermore, suppression of OXPHOS diminished the expression of surface markers for Bregs and impaired their therapeutic effects in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. Mechanistically, mitochondrial OXPHOS was found to regulate the transcription factor HIF‐1α through the extracellular signal‐related kinase pathway. Taken together, this study reveals a strong correlation between mitochondrial OXPHOS and Breg phenotype/function, indicating OXPHOS as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases driven by Breg dysfunction.