bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recursive Quality Optimization of a Smart Forming Tool under the use of Perception Based Hybrid Datasets for Training of a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Feldmann Sebastian , Schmiedt Michael , Schlosser Julian-Marc , Rimkus Wolfgang , Stempfle Tobias , Rathmann Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In industrial metal forming processes, the generation of datasets for inline and optical quality assessment is expensive and time-consuming. Within the research project SimKI, conventional metal forming plants were digitalized under the use of perception-based sensors in combination with a completely redesigned forming tool. The integration of optical quality observation methods connected with a retrofitting approach of the press tool provides the opportunity to generate an information-feedback loop that predicts part defects before their occurrence. Additionally, the SimKI-method combines conventional statistical measurement methods with AI-based defect detection algorithms that are trained by generic datasets of a finite-element simulation, real component images of a 3D imaging device, and a combination of both. The generated datasets are used to accelerate the training of a DNN-based algorithm to identify the position and deviation from the agreed quality. The high degree of innovation is based on obtaining real-time component quality information under the use of AI-based optical quality assessment, which in turn provides information to the control algorithm of the smart forming tool.
Genome-wide association analysis of chilling-tolerant germination in a new maize association mapping panel
Authors: Ma Yun , Yao Lan , Zhang Liwei , Su Aiguo , Wang Ronghuan , Song Wei , Li Zhaowei , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Maize is a crop that is highly susceptible to the negative effects of low temperature. Low temperature can delay seed germination and cause a decrease in seed vigor, which seriously affects seedling emergence and yield. In this study, 190 maize accessions (inbred lines) with strong germination potential at normal temperature (25℃) were selected from more than 500 accessions to construct a new association mapping panel to further investigate germination under chilling stress (5℃). We re-sequenced the genomes of the 190 diverse accessions and obtained 4,886,919 high quality SNPs. We then used this data to analyze population structure, perform principal components analysis, and construct a phylogenetic tree of the new maize panel. The relative germination rate (RGR) and relative germination index (RGI) are two traits that are significantly related to chilling-tolerant germination. Genome-wide association analysis showed that RGR and RGI shared a major QTL, and they also shared the top SNP. There were a total of 26 significant SNPs in common. These SNPs hit directly or indirectly within 37 candidate genes. Among these 37 gene candidates are homologs of eight genes previously reported to be related to both germination and low temperature stress, and another 12 genes related to low temperature stress or other abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, oxidative, and high light stress. In addition, RGR and RGI had another 15 and 26 significant SNPs, respectively, which were associated with 17 and 92 candidate genes, respectively. Further qRT-PCR analysis using 26 chilling-tolerant and 22 chilling-sensitive accessions implied that Zm00001eb272370, Zm00001eb272390, and Zm00001eb272400 associated with the top SNP, may play different roles during cold-germination. Thus, our study not only established a new association mapping panel suitable for investigation of germination at low temperature, but also provided valuable genetic resources for future studies to improve chilling-tolerant maize varieties.
Surface curvature dominated guest-induced nonequilibrium deformations of single covalent organic framework-300 particles
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Zou Xinyi , Wang Qianxi , He Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding the dynamic deformation process of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) during the inclusion of guest molecules is vitally important to further increase their stimulus-response performances. Although some techniques have captured the equilibrium deformation structures of COFs, the methods for directly observing transient intermediate structures are still lacking. Here we report on the dark-field microscopic (DFM) imaging approach to in situ monitor the guest-induced deformation evolution of individual COF-300 crystals in real time. We observe not only transient and nonequilibrium intermediate deformation states but also local surface curvature-driven diverse adsorption behaviors of single COF-300 particles for dichloromethane at a relatively high pressure, undergoing one, two, and multiple expansion-contraction deformations as well as contraction-to-expansion transition. With the ability of DFM to offer spatiotemporally resolved reaction information on single COF-300, the origin of surface curvature dominated deformations of COF-300 is ascribed to the significant differences in the adsorption capacity for dichloromethane at the curved tip and flat side regions. Both operando DFM imaging and theoretical calculation reveal that dichloromethane can be adsorbed preferentially by curved tip regions of COF-300, initiating the surface curvature dominated nonequilibrium deformations.
Advanced Conditional Variational Autoencoders (A-CVAE): Towards interpreting open-domain conversation generation via disentangling latent feature representation
Authors: Wang Ye , Liao Jingbo , Yu* Hong , Wang Guoyin , Zhang Xiaoxia , Liu Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Currently end-to-end deep learning based open-domain dialogue systems remain black box models, making it easy to generate irrelevant contents with data-driven models. Specifically, latent variables are highly entangled with different semantics in the latent space due to the lack of priori knowledge to guide the training. To address this problem, this paper proposes to harness the generative model with a priori knowledge through a cognitive approach involving mesoscopic scale feature disentanglement. Particularly, the model integrates the macro-level guided-category knowledge and micro-level open-domain dialogue data for the training, leveraging the priori knowledge into the latent space, which enables the model to disentangle the latent variables within the mesoscopic scale. Besides, we propose a new metric for open-domain dialogues, which can objectively evaluate the interpretability of the latent space distribution. Finally, we validate our model on different datasets and experimentally demonstrate that our model is able to generate higher quality and more interpretable dialogues than other models.
Correlation between corneal deformation parameters and other ocular biometric parameters in patients with different degrees of simple myopia evaluated by Corvis ST
Authors: Li Changjin , Yang Cui , Lu Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose To provide reference for preoperative screening of refractive surgery, this prospective study utilized Corvis ST to evaluate the correlation of corneal deformation parameters with other ocular biological parameters in patients with different degrees of myopia.Methods 190 myopic patients (190 right eyes) who were candidates for refractive surgery were included, which were divided into low myopia group (SE ≥ -3.00 D), moderate myopia group (-6.00D ≤ SE < -3.00D) and high myopia group (-6.00D > SE) according to SE. The related parameters were collected using Corvis ST and Pentacam, and the parameters were analyzed statistically. Results Low myopia group: SE was related to A2V and PD, AL was related to A1V, HCT and DA 2 ratio, CCT was related to corneal deformation parameters except A1T, A2T and HCT, Km was related to HCT, HCR, DA 2 ratio and ARTh, CD was related to IR, TBI and ARTh; Moderate myopia group: Age was related to A1T, A1L, A1V, HCT, PD, DA, DA 2 ratio, IR and SP-A1, AL was related to A1T, A1L, A1V, A2T, DA 2 ratio, IR, CBI, ARTh and SP-A1, CCT was related to parameters except A2T, A2V, HCT, PD and DA, Km was related to A1L, A1V, DA 2 ratio, IR, CBI and ARTh, CD was related to CBI and ARTh; High myopia group: SE was related to CBI and ARTh, Al was related to PD, DA, CBI, TBI and ARTh, CCT was related to parameters except A2T, A2L, A2V, HCT, PD and DA, Km was related to A1T, HCR, PD, IR and TBI, CD was related to CBI, TBI and ARTh.Conclusion There were different degrees of correlation between corneal deformation parameters and other ocular biological parameters among groups with different degrees of myopia, which should be given comprehensive consideration in clinical applications.
Development of Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated transformation of Solanum nigrum and expression of AcMYB110 in S. nigrum
Authors: Peng Wentao , Wang Xiuyuan , Wei Huitian , Zhang Zunmian , Teng Chong , Li Qianqian , Lyu Kaidi , Lyu Shanhua , Fan Yinglun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. is an annual herb of Solanaceae and Solanum genus. S. nigrum produces a small, spherical, black, highly nutritious edible fruit and is an orphan crop. To realize the potential of large-scale production of S. nigrum fruits, it is necessary to improve undesirable characteristics, such as tiny fruits, by using available methods of genetic engineering and gene editing. The genetic transformation system of S. nigrum is the basis for genetic improvement through transgenic and gene-editing technology. In this study, an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation method was established. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor AcMYB110 from kiwifruit was used as a foreign gene to transform S. nigrum . The results showed that anthocyanin accumulation was accumulated in the transformed cells and tissues, which could visually track and monitor each stage of the transformation process. AcMYB110 could be used as a reporter gene in the genetic transformation of S. nigrum . The petals of AcMYB110 transgenic S. nigrum plants are pink, and anthocyanins were accumulated in the pericarp from young fruit to maturity, especially in the central part of the flesh of the S. nigrum fruit. The phenotype produced by overexpression of AcMYB110 in kiwi and S. nigrum is consistent. It indicates that AcMYB110 is relatively conservative in regulating plant anthocyanin synthesis.
Blood Pressure Measurement Based on the Camera and Inertial Measurement Unit of a Smartphone
Authors: Yoon Yong-Hoon , Kim Jongin , Lee Kwang Jin , Cho Dongrae , Oh Jin Kyung , Kim Min Su , Roh Jae-Hyung , Park Hyun-Woong , Lee Jae-Hwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis study assessed the accuracy of AlwaysBP (test) in blood pressure (BP) measurement compared with the standard cuff-based manual method of brachial BP measurement (reference). AlwaysBP is a smartphone software that estimates systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) based on the pulse transit time (PTT). The PTT was calculated from the finger photoplethysmogram using the camera and from seismocardiogram using the inertial measurement unit sensor of a commercially available smartphone.MethodsA total of 87 participants without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the study. The primary analysis aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the test method compared with the reference method in the entire study population. The secondary analysis was performed to confirm the stability of the test method for up to 4 weeks in 15 subjects. At enrollment, the gender, arm circumference, and BP distribution were considered according to the current guidelines.ResultsAmong the study subjects, 45 (51.7%) individuals were male and the average age was 35.6 ± 10.4 years. Hypertension was diagnosed in 14 subjects (16.1%) prior to the study. The mean test and reference SBP were 120.0 ± 18.8 and 118.7 ± 20.2 mmHg, respectively, and the difference was 1.2 ± 7.1 mmHg (r = 0.935, P < 0.001). The mean test and reference DBP were 80.1 ± 12.6 and 81.1 ± 14.4 mmHg, respectively, and the difference was −1.0 ± 6.0 mmHg (r = 0.911, P < 0.001). At the 4-week time point, the differences between SBP and DBP were 0.1 ± 8.8 and −2.4 ± 7.6 mmHg.ConclusionsThe AlwaysBP software exhibited acceptable accuracy regarding SBP and DBP measurement compared with the standard BP measurement method. This technology can be easily applied in everyday life and may improve the general population’s awareness of hypertension, thus helping to control it.
Similarity Mapping of National Drug Code Formulary Systems Between Nations
Authors: Butler Joshua , Zand Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: A fundamental problem in international health care research is comparing national prescribing practices and drug formularies between nations that use inconsistent drug naming, dosages, and packaging sizes. However, there is currently a lack of quality mapping between different ontology systems. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of automated mapping by drug names using similarity measure algorithms. The motivating example was cross-mapping between the British National Formulary (BNF) and the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug classification systems. Method: We used edit-based, token-based, and hybrid similarity algorithms to match the drug’s active pharmaceutical ingredients between classification systems. Results: A variety of similarity measures were also compared. We found a substantial trade-off between optimizing matching and false positives for the cross-mapping of drug datasets. Conclusion: In general, edit-based algorithms with a pre-processing step to remove stop words had a consistently good performance by recall, precision, and F1 scoring.
Tumor-derived membrane vesicles from the IL-2 overexpression melanoma cells affect on the expression of surface markers of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro
Authors: Filin Ivan Y. , Kitaeva Kristina V. , Chulpanova Daria S. , Rizvanov Albert A. , Akhmetzyanova Elvira R. , Solovyeva Valeriya V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy, in particular immunotherapeutic vaccines, is a promising approach in the treatment of cancer which has already demonstrated its effectiveness. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are capable of delivering biologically active agents to the cells, can be a promising candidate for such vaccines. M-14 human melanoma cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding interleukin (IL)-2. Membrane vesicles from M-14 cells expressing IL-2 were isolated using cytochalasin B. The interaction of membrane vesicles with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been analysed. Activation of T-cells was shown, as well as a decrease in the number of NK cells, after cultivation with tumor-derived vesicles. However, no cytotoxic activity of T-cells after cultivation with tumor-derived vesicles was observed, which can be explained by their immunosuppressive properties. On the other hand, such vesicles can be a promising source of tumor-specific antigens for dendritic vaccines. Therefore, further studies are required in view of the possible use of tumor-derived vesicles as a target antigen for dendritic cells.
The Influence of Weather on the Response of Potato Cultivars to Metribuzin1
Authors: Freeman Jack A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The response of 11 cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to preemergence, preemergence + postemergence, and early postemergence applications of metribuzin [4-amino-6-ferf-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one] was studied over a 5-year period (1973–1977). Postemergence sprays applied at temperatures over 21°C increased injury and decreased yields. ‘Belleisle’, ‘Early Rose’, ‘Kennebec’, ‘Netted Gem’, ‘Red La Soda’, ‘Red Pontiac’ and ‘White Rose’ were more sensitive to metribuzin at these temperatures than ‘Epicure’, ‘Norgold Russet’, ‘Norland’, and ‘Warba’. Cultivars responded to the amount of sunshine before, during, and after spraying with metribuzin. When the weather was very cloudy on the 3 days before and on the day of spraying and then sunny for the next 3 days, metribuzin injured ‘Belleisle’, ‘Netted Gem’, ‘Red Pontiac’, and ‘Warba’. ‘Belleisle’, ‘Epicure’, ‘Norland’, ‘Red La Soda’, ‘Red Pontiac’ and ‘White Rose’ when grown under stress caused by lack of water, were more sensitive to the herbicide than the other cultivars under test. ‘Epicure’, ‘Netted Gem’, ‘Norgold Russet’, ‘Norland’ and ‘Warba’ grown in wet soil were more sensitive to preemergence applications than other cultivars. Cultivars differed in their tolerance to metribuzin and were classified as follows: ‘Norgold Russet’ and ‘Epicure’, most tolerant; ‘Kennebec’, ‘Early Rose’, ‘Netted Gem’, ‘Red La Soda’ and ‘Norland’, intermediate; and ‘Belleisle’, ‘Red Pontiac’, ‘Warba’ and ‘White Rose’, most susceptible.
Effect of Duration of Soil Saturation on Ethanol Concentration and Storage Loss of Sweet Potato Roots1
Authors: Corey K.A. , Collins W. W. , Pharr D. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effect of 24, 48, and 72 hours of soil saturation on the ethanol concentration of roots at harvest and on postharvest storage loss was investigated for sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cvs. Jewel and Centennial]. Ethanol accumulated rapidly with increasing time of soil saturation for both cultivars. Ethanol concentration was greater in roots taken from soil with slow drainage rates following saturation than from roots grown in soil with a fast drainage rate. The ethanol concentration in ‘Centennial’ roots did not increase beyond 48 hour saturation in soil with good drainage following saturation, while ethanol accumulated in ‘Jewel’ roots up to 72 hours. Weight loss in storage due to shrinkage and rotting was greatest for Jewel when subjected to 72 hours of continuous saturation followed by poor drainage, but as little as 24 hours of soil saturation followed by poor drainage caused significant storage losses.
Effect of Cultivar, Strain, and Growth Regulator Treatments on Shoot Development and Ethylene Evolution in Apple Trees1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. , Kender Walter J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
‘Miller Sturdeespur Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees made less extension growth than ‘Imperial Red Delicious’ (non-spur) under controlled conditions. No differences in extension growth were measured between ‘MacSpur’ and ‘Imperial McIntosh’ (non-spur) trees. Development of the spur-type morphology was determined by the number of lateral buds which grew into spurs during the second growing season. Application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) alone, or in combination with butanedioic acid mono-(2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) decreased extension growth and increased shoot ethylene evolution in growth chamber studies, and promoted flowering in the field. Application of daminozide plus ethephon was more effective than ethephon alone. Daminozide alone did not affect shoot ethylene. No change in ethylene evolution or shoot development was detected following applications of gibberellin 4/7 (GA) or 2, 3, 5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA) to spur or non-spur type trees. Bark scoring had no effect on shoot ethylene. However, this treatment also promoted flowering of young trees in the field. It is suggested that while some manipulations can increase shoot ethylene evolution and also promote flowering, the ethylene evolved following treatment operates indirectly by retarding growth, rather than by directly stimulating flower bud initiation.
The Carbohydrate Balance of Alternate-bearing Citrus Trees and the Significance of Reserves for Flowering and Fruiting1
Authors: Goldschmidt Eliezer E. , Golomb Avinoam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two alternate bearing ‘Wilking’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees, an “on” and an “off” tree were uprooted and dissected into 11 organ types. Starch and soluble sugar concentrations were determined for each organ. Starch concentrations were 3.6 (leaves) to 17.4 (medium roots) times higher in the “off” tree. Soluble sugar concentrations were 1.5 (leaves) to 1.9 (medium roots) times higher in the “off” tree. A total dry matter, starch and soluble sugar balance was compiled for each tree. The “off” tree contained 13.26 kg starch and 10.66 kg soluble sugars; as against 2.95 kg starch and 6.75 kg soluble sugars in the “on” tree (excluding the fruit). The majority of this reserve pool would presumably be recycled and used for next year’s crop. Removal of fruit by mid-summer permitted reasonable flower bud differentiation the following year, connected with a build up of the starch reserve levels.
Mobilization and Metabolism of Protein and Soluble Nitrogen during Spring Growth of Apple Trees
Authors: Kang Seong-Mo , Ko Kwang-Chool , Titus John S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The extractable protein in bark tissue of 1-year-old shoots of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious on Mailing (M) 26 rootstocks) declined dramatically during spring growth, while amino acids increased. Extensive degradation of protein was first visible at the silver-tip stage of growth. Prior to this period, some redistribution of nitrogenous compounds was indicated by the increase in amino acids while protein remained unchanged. Total extractable nitrogen declined during spring growth, indicating that it was mobilized to developing tissues. In vitro activity of an acid endoprotease increased rapidly upon regrowth, but its increase preceded the in vitro decline in proteins. The autolytic activity, however, did not change in the early growth stage, and protein had already declined 50% when this activity significantly increased. Electrophoretic separation of intact proteins indicated a substantial shift in relative mobility from higher to lower molecular weights as the season advanced. However, the majority of proteins showed little evidence of net breakdown during early spring growth. Two polypeptides of 38,000 and 56,000 daltons which were present up until mid-April were not detected in extracts of shoots collected in May. The 65% decline in total protein observed by May 10, however, could not be accounted for by the loss of these 2 peptides. It is thus concluded that the immediate requirement of nitrogen at the early stage of growth (up to silver-tip) is met by the transport of soluble nitrogen present in adjacent bark and that redistributed from the wood. The large requirement of nitrogen after silver-tip stage of growth is then met by massive breakdown of storage proteins.
The Influence of Medium Heterogeneity and Three Rootstocks on Growth and Nutrient Levels of Greenhouse-grown ‘Valencia’ Orange Trees1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on rough lemon (C. limon Burm. f.), Carrizo citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis], and sour orange [C. aurantium (L.)] rootstocks were transplanted into 4 soil media and grown in the greenhouse for 2 years. Treatments were 1) the entire pot filled with 2 sand: 1 sphagnum peatmoss: 1 perlite (v/v/v); 2) the entire pot filled with 3 red clay: 1 sand (v/v); 3) the lower half of the pot filled with sand: sphagnum peatmoss: perlite and the upper half with clay: sand; 4) the lower half of the pot filled with clay: sand and the upper half with sand: sphagnum peatmoss: perlite. The trees were grown from February to October 1979 when the tops were cut off. A single shoot was allowed to regrow and the trees were harvested again in October 1980. The largest trees were on rough lemon rootstock; trees on Carrizo were slightly smaller, those on sour orange distinctly smaller. Trees on sour orange grew very poorly in treatments 1 and 4 when the whole medium or the upper layer was sand: sphagnum peatmoss: perlite. Trees on all rootstocks grew best in clay-sand over sand-sphagnum peatmoss-perlite. Rootstocks induced significant differences in 12 elements, the media in 10 of 14 elements determined in the leaves. They also affected K, Mg, Zn and water-soluble phenolics in wood and bark. There were rootstocks × medium interactions for growth, 13 elements in the leaves, and the 3 elements and phenolics in the wood and bark.