bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19-related school closures and patterns of hospital admissions with stress-related presentations in secondary school-aged adolescents: weekly time series
Authors: Blackburn Ruth M. , Phillips Owen Jacquie , Downs Johnny , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis study examines health service indicators of stress-related presentations (relating to pain, mental illness, psychosomatic symptoms and self-harm) in adolescents of secondary school age, using Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. We examined weekly time series data for three academic years spanning the time before (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), including the first lockdown when schools were closed to the majority of pupils. For all secondary school children, weekly stress presentations dropped following school closures. However, patterns of elevated stress during school terms re-established after reopening, with girls aged 11–15 showing an overall increase compared with pre-pandemic rates.
Associations between antipsychotic use, substance use and relapse risk in patients with schizophrenia: real-world evidence from two national cohorts
Authors: Lähteenvuo Markku , Luykx Jurjen J. , Taipale Heidi , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Tanskanen Antti , Batalla Albert , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundResearch on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) is very sparse, and non-existent on the prevention of the development of SUDs in patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo compare the real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics in schizophrenia in decreasing risk of developing an initial SUD, and psychiatric hospital admission and SUD-related hospital admission among patients with an SUD.MethodTwo independent national cohorts including all persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 45 476) were followed up for 22 (Finland: 1996–2017) and 11 (Sweden: 2006–2016) years. Risk of developing an SUD was calculated with between-individual models, and risks of psychiatric and SUD-related hospital admission were calculated with within-individual models, using Cox regression and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for using versus not using certain antipsychotics.ResultsFor patients with schizophrenia without an SUD, clozapine use (Finland: aHR 0.20, 95% CI 0.16–0.24, P < 0.001; Sweden: aHR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24–0.50, P < 0.001) was associated with lowest risk of developing an initial SUD in both countries. Antipsychotic polytherapy was associated with second lowest risk (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.44–0.66) in Sweden, and third lowest risk (aHR 0.47, 95% CI 0.42–0.53) in Finland. Risk of relapse (psychiatric hospital admission and SUD-related hospital admission) were lowest for clozapine, antipsychotic polytherapy and long-acting injectables in both countries. Results were consistent across both countries.ConclusionsClozapine and antipsychotic polytherapy are most strongly associated with reduced risk of developing SUDs among patients with schizophrenia, and with lower relapse rates among patients with both diagnoses.
Clinical Outcomes of Operating an Acute Palliative Care Unit at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Jung Eun Hee , Lee Si Won , Kim Yu Jung , Kang Beodeul , Suh Koung Jin , Lee Ju Hyun , Jeon Esther , Kim Dahee , Hur Sung Soun , Lee Ji Yun , Kim Ji-Won , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Jin Won , Lee Jeong-Ok , Lee Keun-Wook , Kim Jee Hyun , Bang Soo-Mee , Lee Jong Seok , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE: Acute palliative care units (APCUs) are inpatient services in tertiary hospitals that provide intensive symptom management and assist in hospital discharge for transitions to hospice care. We aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of operating an APCU at a comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,440 consecutive patients admitted to the APCU and analyzed demographic and clinical information, discharge outcomes, symptom assessments using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, spiritual distress, and financial distress. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 67.0 (range, 23-97) years, and 41% were female. The most common primary cancer types were lung (21.9%), hepatopancreatobiliary (14.1%), and colorectal cancers (12.9%). The median length of stay was 8.0 days (range, 1-60 days), and 31.0% of patients died in the APCU. Death in the APCU showed a significant decrease over time, and overall inpatient death in oncology wards did not increase after APCU opening. In total, 44.7% of patients were discharged to government-certified hospice centers. The proportion of patients discharged to certified hospice centers increased from 32.2% in 2015 to 62.4% in 2018. Among 715 patients with a follow-up evaluation 1 week after admission, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System symptom scores, spiritual distress, and financial distress showed statistically significant improvements compared with the baseline symptom scores ( P < .001). This improvement was limited to patients who did not die in the APCU. CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced cancer admitted to the APCU may experience significant improvements in distressing symptoms. The majority of patients requiring transition to hospice were successfully transferred to certified hospice centers. The percentage discharged alive improved over time.
Seasonal adjustments in body mass and basal thermogenesis in Chinese hwameis (Garrulax canorus): the roles of temperature and photoperiod
Authors: Li Chenxing , Liu Chenyu , Hu Pingxia , Zheng Xiyu , Li Ming , Liu Jinsong 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
For small birds to survive during seasonal acclimatization in temperate zones, regulation of body mass and thermogenesis is crucial. To determine the role of temperature and photoperiod in seasonal changes in body mass and thermogenesis in Chinese hwameis (Garrulax canorus), we compared body mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy intake and cellular metabolic capacity of the tissue (muscle) and/or organs (liver, kidney, heart and small intestine) in seasonally acclimatized and laboratory-acclimated hwameis. A significant seasonal influence on body mass and BMR (which peaked in winter) was found, and these variations were mirrored by exposing the housed birds to cold temperatures or a short photoperiod. The level of dry matter intake, gross energy intake and digestible energy intake was higher during winter, and in housed animals that were exposed to cold temperatures. These results suggest that by increasing energy intake and thermogenesis, Chinese hwameis can overcome winter thermoregulatory challenges. When compared with warm-acclimated birds, cold-acclimated birds displayed higher mass-specific and whole-organ state 4 respiration in the muscle, liver and kidney, and higher mass-specific and whole-organ cytochrome c oxidase activity in the liver. These data demonstrate that cellular thermogenesis partly underpins basal thermoregulation in Chinese hwameis. Cold temperature and short photoperiod can be used as helpful environmental cues during seasonal acclimatization. However, the role of temperature is more significant compared with that of photoperiod in Chinese hwameis; the changes in energy metabolism and thermoregulation induced by temperature appear to be intensified by photoperiod.
Long-Term Survival After Transhiatal Versus Transthoracic Esophagectomy: A Population-Based Nationwide Study in Finland
Authors: Junttila Anna , Helminen Olli , Helmiö Mika , Huhta Heikki , Kallio Raija , Koivukangas Vesa , Kokkola Arto , Laine Simo , Lietzen Elina , Meriläinen Sanna , Pohjanen Vesa-Matti , Rantanen Tuomo , Ristimäki Ari , Räsänen Jari V. , Saarnio Juha , Sihvo Eero , Toikkanen Vesa , Tyrväinen Tuula , Valtola Antti , Kauppila Joonas H. ,   the FINEGO Group
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
No population-based studies comparing long-term survival after transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) and transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) exist. This study aimed to compare the 5-year survival of esophageal cancer patients undergoing THE or TTE in a population-based nationwide setting.

Methods
This study included all curatively intended THE and TTE for esophageal cancer in Finland during 1987–2016, with follow-up evaluation until 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazard models provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 5-year and 90-day mortality. The results were adjusted for age, sex, year of operation, comorbidities, histology, neoadjuvant treatment, and pathologic stage.

Results
A total of 1338 patients underwent THE (n = 323) or TTE (n = 1015). The observed 5-year survival rate was 39.3% after THE and 45.0% after TTE (p = 0.072). In adjusted model 1, THE was not associated with greater 5-year mortality (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.82–1.20) than TTE. In adjusted model 2, including T stage instead of pathologic stage, the 5-year mortality hazard rates after THE (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72–1.05) and TTE were comparable. The 90-day mortality rate for THE was higher than for TTE (adjusted HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.45–1.14). In subgroup analyses, no differences between THE and TTE were observed in Siewert II gastroesophageal junction cancers, esophageal cancers, or pN0 tumors, nor in the comparison of THE and TTE with two-field lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity analysis, including patients with missing patient records, who underwent surgery during 1996–2016 mirrored the main analysis.

Conclusions
This Finnish population-based nationwide study suggests no difference in 5-year or 90-day mortality after THE and TTE for esophageal cancer.
The use of cannabinoids in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - a review of the latest literature.
Authors: Skubel Tomasz , Czarnota Jakub , Dobrzyński Michał , Kopystecka Agnieszka , Kozioł Ilona , Drozd Małgorzata , Rybak Natalia , Patryn Rafał 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common problem in adolescents and adults around the world. ADHD is particularly characterized by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity, and in order to deal with these problems, patients often resort to other methods of treatment in addition to classic pharmacotherapy. Increasing numbers of ADHD patients are self-medicating with cannabis, despite the lack of specific evidence on its efficacy and safety.
Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to review the most recent available literature on the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of ADHD. For this purpose, PubMed and scopus databases were reviewed. The phrase "cannabidiol and ADHD" was used in the database search. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 15 articles and articles cited in them were obtained and analyzed in detail.
Results: Cannabinoids are reported to have pharmacological anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antipsychotic and hypnotic effects. Single-case studies of patients treated with them show that cannabinoids reduced hyperactivity, improved focus and control of impulsive behavior. Patients also reported side effects of cannabis use, the most common being mild short-term memory problems, dry mouth, sleepiness, and occasional experiences of constant thirst and greater forgetfulness. Most of the acute side effects were related to neuropsychiatric symptoms and were associated with cardiac sympathomimetic effects
Conclusion: There is evidence for the effects of cannabinoids on ADHD symptoms as well as the influence of the cannabinoid system on involvement in neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, more controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the effect of cannabis use on ADHD symptoms and the norms of its use in this indication.
Keywords
cannabidiol, ADHD, literature review
Multiobjective Line Balancing Game: Collaboration and Peer Evaluation
Authors: Ahmadi Taher , van der Rhee Bo 
Published: August 2022

We introduce a spreadsheet-based game, the multiobjective line balancing (MOLB) game, to teach assembly line balancing as a common topic of discussion in operations research, operations management, supply chain management, or management science courses at the undergraduate or graduate level. The MOLB game was designed based on the triple bottom line framework, in which the economic, social, and environmental aspects of line balancing decisions are simultaneously taken into account. The MOLB game can be played in teams of three or four students. First, each team receives unique information for balancing an assembly line. Each team should find as many feasible balances as possible in a collaborative form and then send the Pareto solution set and the best found solution to a peer team. In the second round of the game, the teams assess the results of a peer team first by trying to find infeasible or non-Pareto solutions and second by attempting to improve on the provided solutions. Finally, the reviewer team presents the results of the peer-review process to the entire class. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note, instruction video, and MOLB game master file is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Violência e o crime em legítima defesa: resistência e transgressão de Amélia dos Santos (1921)
Authors: Silva Araújo Alves Laura Maria , Da Silva Araújo Telmo Renato , Barreto Sabino Elianne 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa os autos do processo judicial de Amélia Moreira dos Santos, ocorrido em 1921, na cidade de Inhangapy, no estado do Pará. Amélia ̶ mãe de dois filhos, pobre, sem instrução ̶, foi acusada de matar seu companheiro Manoel Duarte Gomes. Vivendo uma relação abusiva e de violência, Amélia era considerada pelas testemunhas mulher trabalhadora, boa esposa, dedicada ao lar e aos filhos; já para a justiça uma pessoa desqualificada e sem índole para criar seus filhos. Amélia, a ré, vai a júri popular por três ocasiões sendo absolvida por legítima defesa. Amélia viveu em um contexto social que, apesar de estabelecer um discurso de moralidade a respeito da figura feminina, ainda reverberava o poder masculino. Além disso, um judiciário reprodutor de um discurso impositivo de conceitos e estereótipos de gênero. O caso criminal de Amélia acaba por revelar, de um lado, à violência sofrida por muitas mulheres na capital do Pará no início do século XX e, de outro lado, que elas não tinham chances de defesa e nenhuma política social de amparo contra a violência. Contudo, embora diante do patriarcalismo e uma justiça machista, Amélia resistiu e transgrediu as normas vigentes dando final a uma relação conjugal abusiva.
AS VÁRIAS FACES DA “GUERRA SANTA”: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARADA DA CONCEPÇÃO DE JIHAD DO ISLÃ POLÍTICO AO JIHADISMO
Authors: Maynard Dilton C.S , Sá Katty Cristina Lima 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar, através da perspectiva comparada, as concepções de jihad formuladas ao longo do século XX pelos islamitas Hassan al- Banna, Abul Ala Mawdudi, Sayyid Qutb, Abdullah Azzam e Osama Bin Laden. Nossas fontes para tanto serão os escritos produzidos por esses autores, a exemplo do folheto Jihad in Islam de Mawdudi, do livro Milestones de Qutb e das fatwas de Bin Laden. Como aporte teórico, utilizaremos a História dos Conceitos conforme proposto por Reinhart Koselleck, ao passo que nossa metodologia comparada seguirá os preceitos de Marc Bloch. Ao final, exporemos a semelhanças e diferenças entre as concepções analisadas e como o conceito da ética muçulmana jihad foi transformado em um instrumento político,
Early integration of palliative care into oncological care: a focus on patient-important outcomes
Authors: Ansatbayeva Tolganay , Kaidarova Dilyara , Kunirova Gulnara , Khussainova Ilmira , Rakhmetova Venera , Smailova Dariga , Semenova Yuliya , Glushkova Natalya , Izmailovich Marina 
Published: August 2022

Background: Globally, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. Palliative care is designed to meet a range of cancer patients' priority issues, including the management of pain and other cancer-associated symptoms. Routine palliative care envisages the provision of not just medical therapy, but also psychological support, social support and spiritual assistance. What constitutes the best model for palliative care remains a matter of debate. Aim: This review was undertaken with the aim to discuss different aspects of early integration of palliative care into oncological care, with a focus on patient-important outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive search of publications was conducted with a focus on integrative palliative care for incurable cancer patients. For this purpose, the following databases and search engines were used: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Research Gate, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY and Cyberleninka. Results: A comprehensive approach with early integration of different medical services appears to be the most promising. Integrative palliative care is best provided via specialised interdisciplinary teams, given that all members maintain systemic communications and regularly exchange information. This model ensures that timely and adequate interventions are provided to address the needs of patients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to pinpoint the most optimal strategies to deliver palliative care and make it as tailored to the patient's demands as possible.
Using polyvinyl alcohol-ionic hydrogels containing a wound healing agent to manage wounds in different environments
Authors: Napavichayanun Supamas , Yamdech Rungnapha , Pienpinijtham Prompong , Srichana Teerapol , Chencharoenwong Siripich , Reddy Narendra , Aramwit Pornanong 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To explore the effects of pH on properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-ionic hydrogels containing wound healing promoters. Method: PVA was combined with a natural wound healing promoter (silk sericin (SS)), and an anionic agent (eosin (ES)) or cationic agent (methylene blue (MB)), and made into hydrogels. Properties of the hydrogels and behaviour at different pHs were investigated. Results: The density and gel fraction of PVA/SS-ES hydrogel and PVA/SS-MB hydrogel were considerably lower compared with hydrogel without SS. The swelling ratio and degradation of the hydrogels increased with increasing SS concentration in all pH solutions. The influence of SS in interrupting long-chain PVA molecules was confirmed based on changes in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SS released from the gels was found to interact with the ionic agent and influenced the release profile of the ionic agent. Surprisingly, the anionic agent in PVA/SS-ES hydrogel showed 70% release in high pH solution whereas the cationic agent in PVA/SS-MB hydrogel showed 86% release in low pH solution. Moreover, the active agent could accumulate on the skin layer and had a positive effect on a specific wound area. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested to use anionic hydrogels containing wound healing promoter for wounds at high pH and cationic hydrogels containing wound healing promoter for wounds with low pH. Ability to improve wound healing using a natural healing agent combined with ionic agents and controlling the pH of hydrogels will help in developing quick and low-cost treatment for wounds.
Exploring the effects of added sugar labels on food purchasing behaviour in Australian parents: An online randomised controlled trial
Authors: Riesenberg Devorah , Peeters Anna , Backholer Kathryn , Martin Jane , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Blake Miranda R. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Evidence of the effects of front-of-pack added sugar labelling remains limited, especially for foods other than sugary drinks. More information is needed about which labels are likely to be most effective in reducing intended purchases of products with higher added sugar content in realistic contexts to inform policymakers’ decisions.

Objective
To determine the impact of added sugar labels on intended purchases of high sugar breakfast cereals, yoghurt, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Methods
Australian parents who were regular purchasers of relevant product categories completed an online parallel randomised controlled trial from 31 August 2020 to 13 February 2021. Participants selected their intended purchase from 10 products in each of packaged beverages, breakfast cereal, and yoghurt categories after randomisation to one of seven added sugar labelling conditions in current use or under consideration by the Australian Government. Logistic regressions assessed differences between intervention and control conditions in the odds of intended purchases of a high sugar product.

Results
2825 eligible participants were randomised with 2582 valid surveys analysed (Control n = 367; ‘Nutrition Information Panel (NIP) with Added Sugar’ n = 364; ‘Teaspoons of Sugar’ n = 369; ‘Warning’ n = 371; ‘Health Star Rating (HSR) using Total Sugar’ n = 368; ‘HSR with Added Sugar’ n = 371; ‘Sugar in the Ingredients List’ n = 372). No consistent effects were found on intended purchases of high sugar products overall or within product categories for any of the tested labels compared to controls (overall, ‘NIP with Added Sugar’: OR 1.00 [95%CI 0.83,1.20]; ‘Teaspoons of Sugar’: 0.94[0.80,1.11]; ‘Warning’: 1.10[0.93,1.30]; ‘HSR with Total Sugar’: 1.01[0.85,1.21]; ‘HSR with Added Sugar’: 1.09[0.92,1.30]; ‘Sugar in the Ingredients List’: 1.01[0.85,1.21]).

Conclusions
Findings reinforce the importance of ensuring nutrition labelling policies are introduced as part of a suite of interventions to influence both consumer and manufacturer behaviour.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12620000858998. Registered 28 August 2020, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12620000858998.
A multidisciplinary Prematurity Research Cohort Study
Authors: Stout Molly J. , Chubiz Jessica , Raghuraman Nandini , Zhao Peinan , Tuuli Methodius G. , Wang Lihong V. , Cahill Alison G. , Cuculich Phillip S. , Wang Yong , Jungheim Emily S. , Herzog Erik D. , Fay Justin , Schwartz Alan L. , Macones George A. , England Sarah K. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Worldwide, 10% of babies are born preterm, defined as a live birth before 37 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal death, and survivors face lifelong risks of adverse outcomes. New approaches with large sample sizes are needed to identify strategies to predict and prevent preterm birth. The primary aims of the Washington University Prematurity Research Cohort Study were to conduct three prospective projects addressing possible causes of preterm birth and provide data and samples for future research.

Study design
Pregnant patients were recruited into the cohort between January 2017 and January 2020. Consenting patients were enrolled into the study before 20 weeks’ gestation and followed through delivery. Participants completed demographic and lifestyle surveys; provided maternal blood, placenta samples, and cord blood; and participated in up to three projects focused on underlying physiology of preterm birth: cervical imaging (Project 1), circadian rhythms (Project 2), and uterine magnetic resonance imaging and electromyometrial imaging (Project 3).

Results
A total of 1260 participants were enrolled and delivered during the study period. Of the participants, 706 (56%) were Black/African American, 494 (39%) were nulliparous, and 185 (15%) had a previous preterm birth. Of the 1260 participants, 1220 (97%) delivered a live infant. Of the 1220 with a live birth, 163 (14.1%) had preterm birth, of which 74 (6.1%) were spontaneous preterm birth. Of the 1220 participants with a live birth, 841 participated in cervical imaging, 1047 contributed data and/or samples on circadian rhythms, and 39 underwent uterine magnetic resonance imaging. Of the 39, 25 underwent electromyometrial imaging.

Conclusion
We demonstrate feasibility of recruiting and retaining a diverse cohort in a complex prospective, longitudinal study throughout pregnancy. The extensive clinical, imaging, survey, and biologic data obtained will be used to explore cervical, uterine, and endocrine physiology of preterm birth and can be used to develop novel approaches to predict and prevent preterm birth.