bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologist’s annotations
Authors: Nguyen Ha Q. , Lam Khanh , Le Linh T. , Pham Hieu H. , Tran Dat Q. , Nguyen Dung B. , Le Dung D. , Pham Chi M. , Tong Hang T. T. , Dinh Diep H. , Do Cuong D. , Doan Luu T. , Nguyen Cuong N. , Nguyen Binh T. , Nguyen Que V. , Hoang Au D. , Phan Hien N. , Nguyen Anh T. , Ho Phuong H. , Ngo Dat T. , Nguyen Nghia T. , Nguyen Nhan T. , Dao Minh , Vu Van 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost of the existing chest X-ray datasets include labels from a list of findings without specifying their locations on the radiographs. This limits the development of machine learning algorithms for the detection and localization of chest abnormalities. In this work, we describe a dataset of more than 100,000 chest X-ray scans that were retrospectively collected from two major hospitals in Vietnam. Out of this raw data, we release 18,000 images that were manually annotated by a total of 17 experienced radiologists with 22 local labels of rectangles surrounding abnormalities and 6 global labels of suspected diseases. The released dataset is divided into a training set of 15,000 and a test set of 3,000. Each scan in the training set was independently labeled by 3 radiologists, while each scan in the test set was labeled by the consensus of 5 radiologists. We designed and built a labeling platform for DICOM images to facilitate these annotation procedures. All images are made publicly available in DICOM format along with the labels of both the training set and the test set.
Daily steps are associated with walking ability in hospitalized patients with sub-acute stroke
Authors: Kubo Hiroki , Kanai Masashi , Nozoe Masafumi , Inamoto Asami , Taguchi Akira , Mase Kyoshi , Shimada Shinichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreased physical activity is required in patients with stroke that are hospitalized in the rehabilitation unit. This study investigated the association between the daily number of steps and walking independence in order to determine the cutoff value of daily number of steps that can predict walking independence in hospitalized patients with sub-acute stroke. This cross-sectional observational study included 85 stroke patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit. The average daily number of steps was measured using Fitbit One for 4 days starting at 30 days after stroke onset. 6-min walk test, and Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremities were measured The category of walking independence was classified using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). The subjects were divided into two groups according to the FAC score: a walking independence group (FAC ≥ 4) and a walking non-independence group (FAC ≤ 3). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of daily number of steps with walking independence and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the cutoff value of daily number of steps for predicting walking independence. The daily number of steps (per 1000 steps) was independently associated with walking independence (odds ratio (OR); 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.40–5.73, p = 0.009). The cutoff value of daily number of steps for predicting independent walking was 4286 steps (area under the curve = 0.914, sensitivity of 0.731, and specificity of 0.949). The daily number of steps was associated with independent walking in hospitalized patients with sub-acute stroke. The daily number of steps may be a useful target in rehabilitation for patients with sub-acute stroke.
Current use of D-dimer for the exclusion of venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients
Authors: Karny-Epstein Nitzan , Abuhasira Ran , Grossman Alon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractD-dimer assay’s utility for excluding venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients is debatable. We aimed to assess the current use of D-dimer as a diagnostic tool for excluding VTE in hospitalized patients and examine a mandatory age-adjusted D-dimer (AADD) threshold for diagnostic imaging. Retrospective cohort study between 2014 to 2019 that included patients from medical and surgical wards with a positive AADD result drawn during their hospitalization. The outcomes were determining a D-dimer threshold requiring further evaluation and assessing the prognostic value of D-dimer in predicting clinically relevant VTE in hospitalized patients. The cohort included 354 patients, 56% of them underwent definitive diagnostic imaging, and 7.6% were diagnosed with VTE after a positive AADD within 90 days of follow-up. Mortality rates were higher in patients diagnosed with VTE (33.3% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.03). Patients with pneumonia and other infectious etiologies were less likely to be further evaluated by definitive imaging (p = 0.001). Patients with a respiratory complaint (p = 0.02), chest pain (p < 0.001), or leg swelling (p = 0.01) were more likely to undergo diagnostic imaging. Patients with D-dimer levels > X2 the AADD were at increased risk of VTE [OR 3.87 (1.45–10.27)]. At 90 days of follow-up, no excess mortality was observed for patients without diagnostic evaluation following elevated AADD. D-dimer may be used in hospitalized patients to exclude VTE using the traditional AADD thresholds, with a high negative predictive value. D-dimer levels > X2 the AADD usually mandates further diagnostic imaging, while lower levels, probably do not require additional workup, with a sensitivity of almost 80% and no excess mortality.
Transcriptome change of Staphylococcus aureus in infected mouse liver
Authors: Hamamoto Hiroshi , Panthee Suresh , Paudel Atmika , Ohgi Suguru , Suzuki Yutaka , Makimura Koichi , Sekimizu Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe performed in vivo RNA-sequencing analysis ofStaphylococcus aureusin infected mouse liver using the 2-step cell-crush method. We compared the transcriptome ofS. aureusat 6, 24, and 48 h post-infection (h.p.i) in mice and in culture medium. Genes related to anaerobic respiration were highly upregulated at 24 and 48 h.p.i. The gene expression patterns of virulence factors differed depending on the type of toxin. For example, hemolysins, but not leukotoxins and serine proteases, were highly upregulated at 6 h.p.i. Gene expression of metal transporters, such as iron transporters, gradually increased at 24 and 48 h.p.i. We also analyzed the transcriptome of mouse liver infected withS. aureus. Hypoxia response genes were upregulated at 24 and 48 h.p.i., and immune response genes were upregulated from 6 h.p.i. These findings suggest that gene expression ofS. aureusin the host changes in response to changes in the host environment, such as the oxygenation status or immune system attacks during infection.
A local interplay between diffusion and intraflagellar transport distributes TRPV-channel OCR-2 along C. elegans chemosensory cilia
Authors: van Krugten Jaap , Danné Noémie , Peterman Erwin J. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo survive, Caenorhabditis elegans depends on sensing soluble chemicals with transmembrane proteins (TPs) in the cilia of its chemosensory neurons. Cilia rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT) to facilitate the distribution of cargo, such as TPs, along the ciliary axoneme. Here, we use fluorescence imaging of living worms and perform single-molecule tracking experiments to elucidate the dynamics underlying the ciliary distribution of the sensory TP OCR-2. Quantitative analysis reveals that the ciliary distribution of OCR-2 depends on an intricate interplay between transport modes that depends on the specific location in the cilium: in dendrite and transition zone, directed transport is predominant. Along the cilium motion is mostly due to normal diffusion together with a small fraction of directed transport, while at the ciliary tip subdiffusion dominates. These insights in the role of IFT and diffusion in ciliary dynamics contribute to a deeper understanding of ciliary signal transduction and chemosensing.
Printed Electronics Technologies
Authors: Wu Wei 
Published: July 2022

Modern printing technology has paved the way for the fabrication of thin inexpensive electronics and is now established as a topic taught on advanced level courses across materials science and engineering. The properties of printed electronics, such as thin-form factor, flexibility, stretchability, portability, and rollability mean that they have a wide range of applications, including in wearable devices, smart packaging, healthcare, and the automotive industry.
This book describes the key printing technologies for printed electronics. Chapters cover principles and mechanisms, techniques, inorganic and organic materials, substrates, post-treatment and applications of printed electronics technologies.
Written by a leader in the field, this title will be essential reading for students on courses across materials science, electronics science, manufacturing and engineering, as well as those with an interest in printed electronics.
Simulation of inverse Fredholm reconstruction in a vignetting zone: application to ASPIICS
Authors: Theys C. , Aime C. , Rougeot R. , Lantéri H. 
Published: July 2022

Aims.This work deals with image reconstruction in a vignetting zone where the point spread function becomes evanescent and the image undergoes a Fredholm transformation. The application of this method is aimed at the reconstruction of the solar corona in the vignetting zone of the ASPIICS coronagraph. It extends on a previous paper in several aspects.Methods.We used a matrix formalism for the exact inversion of the Fredholm integral. The stray light appears there as a bias. We performed two procedures: either the direct processing of the biased data or their processing following the subtraction of the bias. In the first case, the statistics follow a Poisson distribution and a Kullback-Leibler divergence was used; in the second case, we were led to use a simplifying Gaussian statistic. In both cases, a physical regularization using a Strehl criterion was implemented and this improved the results. Image reconstruction in the vignetting area is done in the case of a perfect coronagraph for two diameters of the internal occulter, but also in the case of formation flight errors and optical defects that are present but ignored by the inversion procedure.Results.Poisson and Gauss models both give much better results than simple flux compensation. For the Poisson model, unexpected pseudo-fringes are present in the reconstructed raw image but are greatly reduced using regularization. The Gaussian model (using de-biased data) is found to give better results, no matter whether it is the regularized or non-regularized version of the algorithm that is used. Despite a high level of stray light, the internal occulter of a smaller dimension allows us to approach much closer to the solar edge without too great a loss in terms of quality in the outer regions. This conclusion remains true in the case of optical micro-defects leading to speckles in the PSF because that has only a slight impact on the images in the vignetting area. In the case of formation flying errors, the Fredholm inversion is more affected by these for the small internal occulter than for the larger one.Conclusions.The method proposed for the Fredholm inversion is general and can be transposed to other systems using external occulters. An application of this method to the imaging of exoplanets is generally envisaged.
Bayesian approach for modeling global magnetic parameters for the solar active region
Authors: Poisson M. , Grings F. , Mandrini C. H. , López Fuentes M. , Démoulin P. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Active regions (ARs) appear in the solar atmosphere as a consequence of the emergence of magnetic flux tubes. The presence of elongated magnetic polarities in line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms indicates the existence of twist in the flux tubes that form them. These polarity elongations, referred to as magnetic tongues, bias the measurement of AR characteristics obtained during their emergence phase (e.g., their tilt angle and magnetic flux). In particular, obtaining a good estimation of the tilt angle evolution plays a key role in constraining flux-transport dynamo models.
Aims. In this work, we aim to estimate the intrinsic properties of the twisted flux tubes, or flux ropes, that form ARs by quantitatively comparing observed LOS magnetograms with synthetic ones derived from a toroidal magnetic flux tube model.
Methods. We developed a Bayesian inference method to obtain the statistical distributions of the inferred model parameters. As an example, we applied the method to NOAA AR 10268. Next, we tested the results using a synthetic-AR generator to quantify the effect of small-scale perturbations over the inferred parameter distributions.
Results. We conclude that this method can significantly remove the effects of magnetic tongues on the derived AR global characteristics, providing a better understanding of the intrinsic properties of the emerging flux rope.
Conclusions. These results provide a framework for future analyses of the physical properties of emerging ARs using Bayesian statistics.
Gegenüberstellung zweier Schwann-Zell-haltiger orbitaler Tumoren: Schwannom und Ganglioneurom
Authors: Nüßle Simone , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander , Werner Martin , Urbach Horst , Reich Michael , Auw-Hädrich Claudia 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungOrbitale Tumoren umfassen eine Vielzahl von Erkrankungen, wobei Tumoren peripherer Nerven selten sind. Hiervon gilt das Schwannom als häufigste Entität, es besteht histopathologisch fast
ausschließlich aus Schwann-Zellen. Ein weiterer benigner, Schwann-Zell-haltiger Tumor ist das Ganglioneurom. Hierbei zeigen sich histopathologisch neben dem Schwann-Zell-haltigen Stroma
Ganglienzellen. Das Ganglioneurom zählt zur Gruppe der neuroblastischen Tumoren und kann überall im Verlauf der sympathischen Ganglienzellen auftreten. In dieser Kasuistik werden der
Krankheitsverlauf sowie die Befunde zweier Patienten mit unterschiedlichen orbitalen Tumoren präsentiert, wobei die Diagnosesicherung erst durch die histopathologische Untersuchung gelang.
Dabei lag bei einem Patienten ein zystisch-degenerativ verändertes Schwannom und bei einer Patientin ein Ganglioneurom vor, bei beiden Tumoren handelt es sich um in der Orbita sehr selten
vorkommende Entitäten. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede werden diskutiert.
Kosten der Diagnostik kognitiver Störungen in deutschen
Gedächtnisambulanzen
Authors: Onur Oezguer A. , Wolff-Menzler Claus , Grimmer Timo , Frölich Lutz , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Jessen Frank , Fink Gereon R. , Wiltfang Jens , Laske Christoph , Schneider Anja , Levin Johannes , Oberstein Timo , Kornhuber Johannes , Oberhauser Felix , Gallinat Jürgen , Dodel Richard , Otto Markus , Peters Oliver , Teipel Stefan , Duezel Emrah , Riemenschneider Matthias , Flöel Agnes , Perneczky Robert , Reetz Kathrin , Schulz Jörg B. , Hausner Lucrezia 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDemenzen sind teure Erkrankungen: die jährlichen Kosten betragen in
europäischen Versorgungssystemen etwa 28.000 €/Fall mit
einer starken Stadien-Abhängigkeit, davon entfallen etwa 19% auf
die medizinische Versorgung. Die diagnostischen Kosten hingegen verursachen
davon nur einen geringen Teil. Mit Wandel des konzeptuellen
Verständnisses von Demenzerkrankungen, der
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und der Leitlinien spielen zunehmend auch
Biomarker-Untersuchungen eine wichtige Rolle. Die ökonomischen
Auswirkungen der Biomarker-basierten Diagnostik sind derzeit nicht sicher
abschätzbar. Zur Erhebung der Kosten einer leitlinien-orientierten
ätiologischen Erst-Diagnostik von kognitiven Störungen wurde
eine Umfrage im Deutschen Netzwerk Gedächtnisambulanzen (DNG)
durchgeführt. An 15 Expertenzentren des DNG wurden systematisch die
Personalbindungszeiten für alle Prozeduren und alle beteiligten
Berufsgruppen erhoben und die Personalkosten basierend auf den
tarifvertraglichen Arbeitgeberkosten berechnet. Zusammen mit den Kosten
für technische Untersuchungen wurden Gesamtkosten der Diagnostik
für drei Szenarien abgeschätzt: Diagnostik ohne Biomarker
€ 633,97 €, Diagnostik mit Liquoruntersuchungen
€ 1.214,90 und Diagnostik mit FDG- plus Amyloid-PET
€ 4.740,58. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine Analyse der
derzeitigen realen Kostensituation in Gedächtnisambulanzen, wobei die
Personalbindungszeiten für einzelne Leistungen und die apparativen
Kosten ins Verhältnis zur Häufigkeit ihrer Anwendung gesetzt
wurden. Als Mittelwert aller Zentren ergeben sich dabei Gesamtkosten von
€ 1.394,43/Fall (Mittelwert der Personalkosten
€ 351,72, Mittelwert der Kosten für apparative
Diagnostik € 1.042,71). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine
ätiologische Diagnostik von kognitiven Störungen (Demenzen und
leichte kognitive Störung) einen Ressourceneinsatz erfordert, welcher
derzeit weder durch die Vergütungssysteme von Ambulanzen noch durch die
vertragsärztliche Vergütung kostendeckend erstattet wird. Die
Biomarker-gestützte Diagnostik dementieller und prädementieller
Syndrome wird häufiger werden, wenn sie zur Indikationsstellung vor
einer krankheits-modifizierenden Therapie erforderlich ist. Deshalb
müssen neue Finanzierungsmodelle entwickelt werden, um die
gegenwärtige Lücke in der Kostenerstattung für die
ätiologische Diagnostik kognitiver Störungen zu
schließen.
Clinical Correlates of Moderate-to-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants following Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Garg Parvesh M. , Pippin Melissa , Zhang Mengna , Ware Jennifer , Nelin Sarah , Paschal Jaslyn , Varshney Neha , Hillegass William B. 
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to determine clinical correlates of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants following surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Study Design This is a retrospective, single-center cohort study comparing patients with moderate to severe BPD to patients with non/mild BPD among surgical NEC infants. BPD was defined by NIH 2001 consensus definition.
Results Of 92 consecutive neonates with surgical NEC, 77% (71/92) had moderate/severe BPD and 22% (21/92) had non/mild BPD. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was significantly higher in those developing moderate/severe BPD (67.6% [48/71]) than non/mild BPD (28.6% [6/21]; p = 0.001). Postoperatively, infants with moderate/severe BPD had more severe acute kidney injury (AKI; 67.6 [48/71] vs. 28.6% [6/21]; p = 0.001), were intubated longer (40.5 [interquartile (IQR): 12, 59] vs. 6 days [IQR: 2, 13]; p <0.001), received more parenteral nutrition (109 [IQR: 77, 147] vs. 55 days [IQR: 19, 70]; p <0.001), developed higher surgical morbidity (46.5 [33/71] vs. 14.3% [3/21]; p = 0.008), had more intestinal failure (62.5 vs. 13.3%; p <0.001), required a longer hospital stay (161 [IQR: 112, 186] vs. 64 days [IQR: 20, 91]; p <0.001), and were more likely to need home oxygen. In a multivariable analysis, lower birth weight (OR = 0.3, [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1–0.5]; p = 0.001), PDA (OR = 10.3, [95% CI: 1.6–65.4]; p = 0.014), and longer parenteral nutritional days (OR = 8.8; [95% CI: 2.0–43.0]; p = 0.005) were significantly and independently associated with higher odds of moderate/severe versus non-/mild BPD.
Conclusion Development of moderate/severe BPD occurred in the majority of preterm infants with surgical NEC in this consecutive series. Preterm infants with moderate/severe BPD were more likely to have a PDA before NEC. Development of moderate/severe BPD was associated with significantly greater burden and duration of postoperative morbidity following surgical NEC. Identifying surgical NEC infants at increased risk of moderate/severe BPD and developing lung protection strategies may improve surgical NEC outcomes.
Key Points
Time in Range and Pregnancy Outcomes in People with Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Fishel Bartal Michal , Ashby Cornthwaite Joycelyn A. , Ghafir Danna , Ward Clara , Ortiz Gladys , Louis Aleaha , Cornthwaite John , Chauhan Suneet S. P. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective The international consensus on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recommends time in range (TIR) target of >70% for pregnant people. Our aim was to compare outcomes between pregnant people with TIR ≤ versus >70%.Study Design This study was a retrospective study of all people using CGM during pregnancy from January 2017 to May 2021 at a tertiary care center. All people with pregestational diabetes who used CGM and delivered at our center were included in the analysis. Primary neonatal outcome included any of the following: large for gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, need for intravenous (IV) glucose, or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Maternal outcomes included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Logistic regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Of 78 people managed with CGM, 65 (80%) met inclusion criteria. While 33 people (50.1%) had TIR ≤70%, 32 (49.2%) had TIR >70%. People with TIR ≤70% were more likely to be younger, have a lower body mass index, and have type 1 diabetes than those with TIR >70%. After multivariable regression, there was no difference in the composite neonatal outcome between the groups (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.16–1.92). However, neonates of people with TIR ≤70% were more likely to be admitted to the NICU (p = 0.035), to receive IV glucose (p = 0.005), to have RDS (p = 0.012), and had a longer hospital stay (p = 0.012) compared with people with TIR >70%. Furthermore, people with TIR ≤70% were more likely to develop hypertensive disorders (p = 0.04) than those with TIR >70%.Conclusion In this cohort, the target of TIR >70% was reached in about one out of two people with diabetes using CGM, which correlated with a reduction in neonatal and maternal complications.Key Points
Six Sessions of Low-volume High-intensity Interval Exercise Improves Resting Fat Oxidation
Authors: Atakan Muhammed Mustafa , Koşar Şükran Nazan , Turnagöl Hüseyin Hüsrev 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear whether a practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval exercise improves resting fat oxidation (FatOx) that is associated with metabolic health. We aimed to determine the effects of a short-term practical model of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on resting FatOx in young, healthy males. Thirty healthy males were randomly assigned to either single (HIITsingle; n=13) or double HIIT (HIITdouble; n=17) group. The HIITsingle group trained once a day, 3 days/week for 2 weeks, whilst the HIITdouble group performed 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise over 5 days by exercising twice a day every second day. Both groups completed 6 high-intensity exercise sessions consisting of 10×60 s of cycling at peak power output, interspersed by 75 s cycling at 60 W. With 1% false discovery rate (FDR) significance threshold, resting respiratory exchange ratio similarly decreased in HIITsingle (pre=0.83±0.03 vs post=0.80±0.03) and HIITdouble group (pre=0.82±0.04 vs post=0.80±0.02) [(p=0.001; partial eta squared (η)=0.310, FDR-adjusted p value=0.005)]. Resting FatOx increased similarly in HIITsingle (pre=1.07±0.39 mg·kg-1 fat free mass (FFM)·min-1 vs post=1.44±0.36 mg·kg-1 FFM·min-1) and HIITdouble group (pre=1.35±0.45 mg·kg-1 FFM·min-1 vs post=1.52±0.29 mg·kg-1 FFM·min-1) [(p<0.001; η=0.411, FDR-adjusted p value=0.005)]. Our results demonstrate that only six sessions of a practical model of low-volume high-intensity exercise improves resting FatOx in young, healthy males.