bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Dilution and Horticulture
Authors: Jay Gogue G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Currently there seems to be a trend throughout this country’s academic institutions for courses and curricula to become “more relevant,” “more applicable,” or “more practical.” Hopefully this will be a cyclic phenomenon and with some luck this training episode will end and institutions will be able to pursue educational concepts again. My concern is that horticulture appears to be so involved in training that the professional quality of some of our graduates has deteriorated. My intention is not to deny that applied ideas and concepts are of major importance to horticulture, but to emphasize that basic scientific principles are equally important and in my judgment actually more practical over the duration of an individual’s professional career.
Faculty Evaluation: A Dean’s Perception
Authors: Hess Charles E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I view faculty evaluations from two perspectives — the ideal and the pragmatic. From the ideal perspective, we recognize that an individual’s innate capabilities span the whole range from high to low and that each can be positively motivated by setting individual objectives. We use faculty evaluations to stretch each person’s individual capabilities and create an environment in which an individual can reach his or her maximum potential. It is hoped that this positive motivation will result in increased productivity that will benefit both the individual and the University. From a pragmatic perspective, faculty evaluations provide the information needed to determine eligibility for promotions and merit increases within the ranks.
Faculty Evaluation: A Professor’s Perception1
Authors: Schneider G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To get the ideas of other faculty members concerning faculty evaluation, I contacted about 40 horticultural colleagues, at Kentucky and at other Land Grant Institutions. There were persons of all ranks, though most were “full” professors. I also had access to responses of our agriculture faculty to a Faculty Senate questionnaire on evaluation. Most thoughts or ideas presented here were suggested by respondents, although suggestions were not all included, particularly if the concern seemed to be related to a unique institutional situation. This topic seems important to faculty members, for response was good, and many responses showed evidence of much thought and effort. Thus, these comments are designed to reflect concerns of faculty — not from a single institution, but of horticultural faculty in general.
In Vitro Propagation of Blackberry1
Authors: Broome Olivia C. , Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid propagation of the thornless blackberries (Rubus sp.) ‘Smoothstem’ and US 64-39-2 was achieved by culturing shoot tips in a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and indolebutyric acid (IBA). Shoots were explanted into liquid culture and then transferred to an agar medium for rapid shoot proliferation. “Minicuttings” from shoot-masses were rooted in vitro or directly in peat pellets under mist after auxin treatment.
Effect of Soil Fumigation and Pruning Date on the Resumption of Growth of the Vascular Cambium of Peach Trees in a Short Life Site1
Authors: Carter George E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fall-pruned peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) growing in either a fumigated or nonfumigated soil initiated vascular cambium growth earlier in the spring than winter-pruned trees growing in fumigated soil. Early resumption of growth is initiated by certain cultural practices which predispose trees to the cold injury death seen in peach tree short life.
Probable Apomixis in ‘Anna’ a, Diploid Apple Cultivar1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Knight R. J. , Lyrene P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Facultative apomixis is characteristic of a number of Malus spp., but generally has been restricted to triploid and tetraploid forms (3, 4). However, apospory has been described in cultivated apples (2), but this phenomenon has not been thought to commonly occur. We believe that a seedling of ‘Anna’ in an experimental planting at Gainesville is evidence of such an occurrence.
NAA Sprays Suppress Sprouting of Newly Budded Citrus Nursery Trees1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Newly budded trees of ‘Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), alemow (C. macrophylla Wester), Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. ⨯ C. sinensis), and P. trifoliata were sprayed with 2 concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to inhibit rootstock sprouting, buds being protected with budding tape. Good control of rootstock sprouts was obtained on rough lemon and P. trifoliata but translocated NAA inhibited scion bud initiation. There was partial suppression of rootstock sprouts on Troyer citrange but no scion bud inhibition. NAA did not control rootstock sprouts on alemow.
Use of Sexual Tetraploid Seed Parents for Production of Triploid Citrus Hybrids1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Burnett R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High proportions of 3x hybrids were obtained from crosses of 4x highly sexual seed parents by 2x pollen parents in Citrus. This is in contrast to the low proportions usually obtained with 4x partly apomictic cultivars as seed parents, or with 4x plants used as pollen parents. Initial survival of small germinating seeds and very young seedlings was low but later growth vigor has been high. Ten 4x and 9 aneuploid (near 3x) plants were identified.
A New Species Hybrid, Anthurium scherzerianum ⨯ Anthurium wendlingerii1
Authors: Kamemoto H. , Sheffer R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anthurium scherzerianum Schott was crossed successfully to A wendlingerii Barroso. The spathe color of the hybrid is a unique grayish-orange resulting from the combination of scarlet from A. scherzerianum and purplish-brown from A. wendlingerii. Other characteristics such as the length and coil of the spadix and the length and position of the leaf blade are intermediate between the highly contrasting characteristics of the parental species. Fertility in the hybrid was excellent, indicating a relatively close taxonomic relationship of the 2 species.
Effects of Growth Regulants on Opuntia basilarus1
Authors: White J. W. , Allen C. , Easley M. , Strock P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A cytokinin, 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyran-yl)-9H-purine (PBA) and a gibberellin, (GA3) increased secondary shoot growth of Optunia basilarus Engelm. & Bigel. PBA alone or combined with GA3 increased lateral shoot growth as concentrations increased. The characteristics of new growth produced by each chemical were different.
Effects of Ancymidol and N,P,K on Growth and Appearance of Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Baraquiniana’1
Authors: Joiner J. N. , Poole R. T. , Johnson C. R. , Ramcharam C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five levels each of ancymidol (0, 0.22, 0.44, 0.66 and 0.88 mg ai/29 cm pot) and N, P, and K (in a ratio of 1.0—0.1 — 1.0 with N at 560, 1120, 1680, 2240 and 2800 kg/ha per year) were factorially combined and applied to Dieffenbachia ‘Baraquiniana’. Ancymidol concentrations reduced plant growth and ancymidol and nutrition had interacting effects on development of axillary breaks, visual plant quality and chlorophyll content of leaves. Best levels of ancymidol and N, P, and K were 0.66 mg ai/29 cm pot with N, P, K at rates of 1680, 168 and 1680 kg/ha per year, respectively.
‘Kootenai’ and ‘Sandpoint’ Tomatoes1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Benson J. A. , Simpson W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Kootenai’ and ‘Sandpoint’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are dwarf, ultra-early cultivars intended for use in cool and short growing season areas. ‘Kootenai’ is named for an Indian tribe of northern Idaho and ‘Sandpoint’ is named for the city of Sandpoint where it was first selected.
Bean Breeding Lines Wisconsin (RRR) 77 and Wisconsin (RRR) 831
Authors: Hagedorn D. J. , Rand R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first bush green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to the important Wisconsin bean root rot disease complex (Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani) have been developed and released by the authors. These new green bean breeding lines have been designated Wis. (RRR) 77 and Wis. (RRR) 83 and are recommended for use in breeding programs.
Plant Cold Hardiness Research1
Authors: Li P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An international seminar on Plant Cold Hardiness was held at the Saint Paul campus of the University of Minnesota on November 2-4, 1977. This meeting was jointly sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under the auspices of the U.S.—Japan Cooperative Science Program as well as the College of Agriculture, University of Minnesota. Seventy scientists representing 13 states and Washington, D.C., Canada, Colombia, Iran, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway and Poland attended the meeting, which was held to review current research, to discuss research priorities, to foster collaborative projects, and to consider how recent research findings might be applied to increasing food production.
The seminar focused on the fundamental biological processes of freezing survival in plants. Six consecutive sessions dealt with freezing stress, membranes, cold acclimation, supercooling, plant survival/breeding for cold resistance, and cryopreservation/cryoprotection. The subject matter encompassed horticultural and agronomic food crops, and forest species. Specific information can be obtained from the list of participants cited
In Vitro Propagation of Papaya1
Authors: Litz R. E. , Conover R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid clonal propagation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was obtained by culturing apices of mature field-grown plants on a modified Murashige and Skoog formulation. Individual plantlets were first induced on a medium with 50 μm kinetin and 10 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Plantlets were transferred after 2 months to a proliferation medium containing μm benzyladenine (BA) and 1 μm NAA, which caused a 7-fold increase in the total number of plants during each 3 week period. Rooting was induced by subculturing plantlets on media with 0.5 – 15 μm indolebutyric acid (IBA) or 1–5 μm NAA. Successful transfer of papayas to soil was accomplished.
In Vitro Propagation of Platycerium stemaria (Beauvois) Desv.1
Authors: Hennen G. R. , Sheehan T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Platyceriums (staghorn ferns) are propagated commercially by 2 methods: asexually by offshoots and sexually by spores. Many of the Platycerium species (e.g. P. stemaria, P. bifuractum) reproduce asexually by offshoots from roots or rhizome quite readily and are easily increased by removal of these offshoots. However, some of the larger and more sought after species (e.g., P. wandae, P. grande, P. superbum) do not produce offshoots or do so sparingly. These species must be propagated sexually through the use of spores. This technique is generally slow and may require 2-4 years to obtain a marketable plant. Rapid propagation of these slow growing staghorn ferns through tissue culture could prove to be economically beneficial to the foliage industry.
In Vitro Propagation of Broccoli from Stem, Leaf, and Leaf Rib Explants1
Authors: Johnson Becky B. , Mitchell Earl D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf explants of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica group)] produced either callus, roots, shoots, or both on Murishige and Skoog media (M&S) media with 4.0 to 6.0 mg/liter kinetin and from 8.0 to 9.0 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA). Sections of leaf rib developed callus and then multiple shoots and roots on media with 8.0 to 10.00 mg/liter kinetin and 9.0 to 10.0 mg/liter IAA. Stem explants formed very little callus, but differentiated roots and shoots with 3.0 to 20 mg/liter kinetin and 9.0 to 10.0 mg/liter IAA. Successful transplanting to soil was achieved with all explants.
Modification of Critical Freezing Temperatures in Fruit Buds by Elevated Tissue Water Content1
Authors: Hewett E. W. , Young K. , Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laboratory studies on freezing fruit buds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cvs. Elberta and Golden Queen), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Moorpark), grape (Vitis Labrusca cv. Concord) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Topred Delicious) from Prosser, Washington, USA, and Auckland, New Zealand, showed that wet fruit buds were more susceptible to low temp injury than dry buds. As buds dried, freezing damage decreased. It is suggested that where overtree sprinkling is used, care must be taken to ensure that fruit buds are dry before freezing temperatures occur.
Simple Apparatus for Diluting and Dispensing Trace Concentrations of Ethylene in Air1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prolonged physiological studies using gas mixtures containing μl/liter levels of a specific gas component (e.g. ethylene or propylene) require a flowthrough system to ensure that the plant or plant part under study is exposed to a relatively constant gas concn. This prevents tissue incorporations and/or emanations (e.g. biosynthesis of ethylene or CO2) from altering the physiological effective gas concn (1).
Leaf Pubescence in ‘Delicious’ Apple Strains1
Authors: Goonewardene Hilary F. , Dayton D. F. , Hayden R. A. , Kwolek W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant differences in mean leaf hair density values were found between strains of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) within locations (states). There were also location differences among strains common to more than one location (state). Ranking of strains according to the amount of pubescence present appeared relatively consistent between states.
Cold Hardiness of Young Hybrid Trees of Eremocitrus glauca (Lindl.) Swing1
Authors: Yelenosky G. , Barrett H. , Young R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Available young hybrid trees of Eremocitrus glauca with ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Sicilian sour orange (C. aurantium L.), ‘Nagami’ kumquat (Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swing.), and Koethen sweet orange (C. sinensis) were more cold hardy than the Citrus or kumquat parent in natural and controlled freezes. Eremocitrus may be a useful source of cold hardiness for breeding cold-hardy citrus hybrids.
‘Earliglow’, a Possible Source of Resistance to Botrytis Fruit Rot in Strawberry1
Authors: Maas J. L. , Smith W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of ‘Earliglow’ (Fragaria ⨯ ananassa Duch.) showed a significantly low incidence of postharvest rot caused primarily by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in 2 years of testing. Incidence of rot was modified by environmental factors during postharvest storage, particularly by cold storage.
A Research Tool for Sorting Strawberries by Size1
Authors: Ray Frank J. , King J. A. , Merchant E. E. , Carroll J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Researchers working with strawberries often find it necessary to size, grade, count, and weigh the fruit (1, 2, 3, 4). These tasks present problems when the research involves a large number of test plots. Size-yield classifications of hand-sorted fruit are not only time-consuming, but are subject to human error. A strawberry sorter for research use was developed to reduce these problems.
The Effect of a Pinching Agent on the Net Photosynthesis of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Delicious’ Apple Leaves1
Authors: Love John M. , Barden John A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chemical pinching agent ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-tetrazole acetate (PP 528) was tested for its effects on net photosynthesis (Pn) rates of leaves of 1-year-old container-grown apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Sturdeespur Delicious, Starking Delicious, Starkspur Ultrared Delicious, Starkspur Golden Delicious and Golden Delicious). Treatment with PP528 did not affect the Pn rate of leaves of either strain of ‘Golden Delicious’. Pn rates of all 3 strains of ‘Delicious’ leaves were depressed for a week after treatment with PP 528 at 30, 40, and 60 ppm, whereas 20 or 10 ppm had no significant effect. The shoot apices on both strains of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees were pinched at 60 ppm, whereas apices of the 3 strains of ‘Delicious’ were pinched at both 30 and 60 ppm.
Natural Cross Pollination and Pollinator Bees of the Tomato in Celaya, Central Mexico1
Authors: Quirós Carlos F. , Marcías Alicia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An average natural cross pollination (NCP) value of 1.20% was found in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Delaya, Mexico. NCP values at 2 m to 36 m were less than 0.17%, thus 100 m isolation distance might suffice to avoid pollen contamination. The pollinator bees found in the area were Augochlorella neglectula Cockerell, Dialictus sp, Exomalopsis mellipes Cresson, and Bombus sonorus say; the last two species were most frequently observed pollinating tomato flowers.
Protective Covers for Newly Sown Seed of Kentucky Bluegrass1
Authors: Miller P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The germination of grass seeds on freshly prepared lawns in the northeastern U.S. is usually enhanced by lightly mulching the shown seed with salt hay, (hay from salt marshes — a mixture of 2 grasses, Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens,) or cheesecloth to prevent the seeds from drying between rains or waterings. Salt hay is sometimes scarce and cheesecloth is expensive, so we evaluated other materials for this purpose.
Pathogenicity, Characteristics, and Host Range of the Fungus, Pythium irregulare Buis, in a Container Nursery in Southern California1
Authors: Keim R. , Mock T. , Endo R. M. , Krausman E. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pythium irregulare was isolated from roots and found to be pathogenic to 4 different hosts showing various disease syndromes in one southern California nursery. The hosts were Dizygotheca elegantissima Vignier & Guill., Brassaia actinophylla Endl. Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. cv. Rotunda and Nerium oleander Linn. cv. Petite Salmon. One isolate was more damaging on D. elegantissima growing at a mean temperature of 15.5°C than at a mean temperature of 23°C. A bioassay proved that P. irregulare was an inhabitant of the soil at the site of the nursery.
Canada Thistle Control in Selected Junipers with Fall-applied Glyphosate1
Authors: Dunwell W. C. , Boe A. A. , Lee G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glyphosate [(N-phosphonomethyl) glycine] at rates of 0.0, 2.2, 3.4, and 4.5 kg/ha were applied to nursery plots that were severely infested with Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]. The plots contained Pfitzer juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzeriana’), Hetz Juniper (Juniperus chinesis L. ‘Hetzii’), Japanese Garden Juniper (Juniperus chinesis L. ‘Procumbens’), and Tamarix Juniper (Juniperus sabina L. ‘Tamariscifolia’). Glyphosate was applied as an overspray including the junipers on September 2, 1976. Two weeks after treatment, all thistles in the 4.5 kg/ha plots were dead, while those in the 2.2 kg/ha and 3.4 kg/ha showed extreme chlorosis. Canada thistle root cuttings taken 4 days after treatment did not survive when placed in a mist bench. Good to excellent weed control was obtained with no evident phytotoxicity to the junipers.
Effects of Three Nitrogen Levels on Tissue Nitrogen Fluctuation during a Flush of Growth on ‘Helleri’ Holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.)1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Wright R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of 3 nitrogen treatments on tissue N fluctuations of ‘Helleri’ holly. All N concentrations increased following the cessation of shoot elongation until a concentration of tissue N was reached where a new flush of growth began. Nitrogen concentrations at which new growth began were about the same for all N treatments. The time necessary to reach this concentration was dependent on the level of N added; 5 weeks for 300 ppm, 13 weeks for 150 ppm and 18 weeks for 50 ppm N. Once new growth began, tissue N concentrations began to decrease.
‘Cullman’ and ‘Havis’ Peaches1
Authors: Fogle H. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Cullinan’ and ‘Havis’ peaches were released by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland on June 3, 1977. ‘Cullinan’ (Fig. 1) is an attractive, high-quality cultivar ripening after ‘Red-haven’ season, with the highest resistance to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pruni (E. F. Smith) Dows) recorded by the screening method used at Beltsville. ‘Havis’ (Fig. 2) is a highly-blushed, high quality cultivar ripening just before ‘Rio Oso Gem’.
‘Nittany’ Apple1
Authors: Stouffer Richard F. , Greene George M. , Marshall Ritter C. , Barrat Joseph G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Nittany’ is a ‘York Imperial’-type apple possessing outstanding processing characteristics. Fruit from the original seedling tree has been essentially free of corking; mild corking has been observed in some large fruits from propagules on size-controlling rootstocks. The fruit can be held in refrigerated storage for at least 6 months without appreciable shrinkage or loss of quality. The flesh oxidizes very slowly when exposed to the air and imparts a highly desirable yellow color to processed products.
Influence of Initial Moisture Content on the Wettability of a Milled Pine Bark Medium1
Authors: Airhart D. L. , Natarella N. J. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water absorption curves were developed for air dry peat-vermiculite and pine bark media. Data indicated 70-78% of moisture saturation was attained within 5 days with a peatvermiculite medium while 48 days were required to achieve 58-70% saturation with a milled pine bark medium. Increased water absorption of pine bark after 10 days of wetting suggested that a threshold moisture level within the bark particles is necessary if water uptake is to be enhanced. The threshold moisture content was established at 35% (wet wt basis).
Foliar Spray and Bark Banding with Dikegulac for Ornamental Tree Growth Inhibition1
Authors: Hield H. , Sachs R. M. , Hemstreet Stuart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of 2, 3, 4, 6-di-o-isopropyl-idene-2-keto-L-gulonate (dikegulac) at rates of 0.2-0.3% resulted in growth reductions comparable with l,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione (MH) or methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol). Where terminal leaf abscission occurs, tree appearance after treatment is sometimes better than that of trees treated with either MH or chlorflurenol. Growth reduction from trunk banding with dikegulac n-pentyl ester was observed only on Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.; chlorflurenol in trunk banding has a much wider species range and is effective at lower concn.
Plant Stress Studies in Controlled Environments
Authors: Ormrod Douglas P. , Krizek Donald T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth chambers can be adapted in many ways to meet the special needs of plant stress studies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss special growth chambers and selected stress experiments requiring special techniques and extensive modification of growth chamber design. Use of growth chambers in air pollution, pesticide, radioisotope, and ultraviolet radiation research will be presented as examples.
Shade- and Ancymidol-altered Shape of Potted Lilium longiflorum ‘Ace’1
Authors: Weiler T. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The broadest diameter of precooled liles was close to the plant base after a 0.5-0.75 mg/pot ancymidol soil drench at shoot emergence. These plants were short, shaped similar to controlled-temperature-forced plants, and of improved commercial value. Shape was not improved by an ancymidol spray at a later growth stage. Low light levels increased plant size, and the absolute reduction of height by ancymidol was greater in shade than in full light, but the percent height reduction was similar for the 2 irradiances.