bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – Experience of a Medical Center in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Yu-Yi , Ou Wei-Fan , Wu Jia-Jun , Hsu Han-Shui , Wu Chieh-Laing , Yang Kuang-Yao , Chan Ming-Cheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common life-threatening condition in critically ill patients. It is also an important public health issue because it can cause substantial mortality and health care burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and outcomes of ARDS patients in a medical center in Taiwan. Methods: This was a single center, observational study which analyzed prospectively collected data from adults in 6 ICUs at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from October 1st2018 to September 30th 2019. Patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation and meeting the Berlin definition criteria were included for analysis.Results: A total of 1,788 subjects were screened in 6 adult ICUs and 370 patients fulfilled the criteria of ARDS in the first 24 hours of ICU admission. Among these patients, the incidence of ARDS was 20.8% and the overall hospital mortality rate was 42.2%. The mortality rates of mild, moderate and severe ARDS were 35.9%, 43.9% and 46.5%, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model, an increase of 1 cmH2O driving pressure was associated with an 11% increase in the mortality rate (adjusted odds ratio 1.100, 95% confidence interval 1.027- 1.179, p=0.007). Both oxygenation and driving pressure were independently associated with mortality in ARDS. Patients with worse oxygenation and a higher driving pressure had the highest hospital mortality rate (p<0.0001).Conclusions: ARDS is common in the ICU and the mortality rate remains high. Combining oxygenation and respiratory mechanics may better predict the outcomes of these ARDS patients.
Pharmacokinetics of SSRI/SNRI after bariatric surgery and the effects on depressive symptoms
Authors: Pasi Patrick Rodolphe , Kröll Dino , Siegfried Alena , Sykora Martin , Wildisen Alessandro , Milone Cristiana , Milos Gabriella , Horka Laura , Fischli Stefan , Henzen Christoph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Depression and treatment with antidepressants SSRI/SNRI are common in people with morbid obesity who are candidates for bariatric surgery. There is few and inconsistent data about the postoperative pharmacokinetics of SSRI/SNRI. The aims of our study were to provide comprehensive data about the postoperative bioavailability of SSRI/SNRI, and the clinical effects on depressive symptoms. Methods Prospective multicenter study including 63 patients with morbid obesity and therapy with SSRI/SNRI: participants filled the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire, and plasma levels of SSRI/SNRI were measured by HPLC, preoperatively (T0), and 4 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively. Results The plasma concentrations of SSRI/SNRI dropped significantly in the bariatric surgery group from T0 to T2 by 24.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -36.8 to -16.6, p=0.0027): from T0 to T1 by 10.5% (95% CI, -22.7 to -2.3; p=0.016), and from T1 to T2 by 12.8% (95% CI, -29.3 to 3.5; p=0.123), respectively. There was no significant change in the BDI score during follow-up (-2.9, 95% CI, -7.4 to 1.0; p=0.13). The clinical outcome with respect to SSRI/SNRI plasma concentrations, weight change, and change of BDI score were similar in the subgroups undergoing gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy, respectively. In the conservative group the plasma concentrations of SSRI/SNRI remained unchanged throughout the six months follow-up (-14.7%, 95% CI, -32.6 to 1.7; p=0.076)Conclusions In patients undergoing bariatric surgery plasma concentrations of SSRI/SNRI decrease significantly by about 25% with wide individual variation, but without correlation to the severity of depression or weight loss.
Analysis of risk factors of hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage in infants
Authors: Yi Liu , Qi Qin , Jia Zhang , Mengzhao Feng , Zhentao Li , Hui Dong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage is the most severe consequence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in babies. However, it is unclear what causes hydrocephalus. While the case series describes hydrocephalus linked to intraventricular bleeding, most investigations have limitations. The authors set out to examine the morphological and demographic aspects of hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage in a sizable cohort of infants in order to address this.Methods The clinical information of 112 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the third affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, between June 2013 and January 2022 was retrospectively evaluated. Sex, gestational age (in weeks), birth weight (in grams), grade of intraventricular hemorrhage, use of prenatal steroids, single or multiple births, mode of delivery (cesarean section), perinatal complications (history of hypoxia asphyxia), maternal complications (diabetes/hypertension), and other risk factors that may affect the formation of PHH were collected. Follow-up was done during the first 90 days postpartum. With real-time ultrasound,all the patients with progressive ventricular dilation that was not responsive to conservative or less-invasive procedures were considered to have PHH and were treated with a VP shunt. The patients were split into two groups based on the findings of the MRI test: those with PHH (n = 55) and those with RVD (n = 57), respectively. After an intraventricular hemorrhage, the risk variables for hydrocephalus were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Overall, 55 of 112 patients had PHH (49%). By univariate comparison ,birth weight(p<0.001), gestational age(p<0.001), the grade of intraventricular hemorrhage(p<0.001) and the use of prenatal steroids(p<0.001) were associated with PHH. Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent effect of early preterm infants and prenatal steroids and bleeding grades.Conclusion Early preterm infants are an independent risk factor for hydrocephalus. Without prenatal steroids, the higher the bleeding grade, the higher the risk of hydrocephalus.
Unique insertion/deletion polymorphisms within histidine-rich region of histidine-rich glycoprotein in Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Muko Ryo , Sunouchi Tomoya , Urayama Shuntaro , Toishi Yuko , Kusano Kanichi , Sato Hiroaki , Muranaka Masanori , Shin Taekyun , Oikawa Masa-aki , Ojima Yoshinobu , Ali Mohammad , Nomura Yoshihiro , Matsuda Hiroshi , Tanaka Akane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoproteins (HRG) are abundant plasma protein with various effects on angiogenesis, coagulation, and immune responses. Previously, we identified the base and amino acid sequences of equine HRG (eHRG) and revealed that eHRG regulates neutrophil functions. In this study, we first conducted a large-scale gene analysis with DNA samples extracted form 1,700 Thoroughbred horses and identified unique insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the histidine-rich region (HRR) of eHRG. Here we report two types of polymorphisms (deletion type 1 [D1] and deletion type 2 [D2]) containing either a 45 bp or 90 bp deletion in the HRR of eHRG, and five genotypes of eHRG (insertion/insertion [II], ID1, ID2, D1D1, and D1D2) in Thoroughbred horses. The incidence of each genotype was 23.4%, 46.2%, 3.6%, 23.1%, and 3.7%, respectively. We also examined the molecular weight of plasma eHRG originated from each insertion/deletion mutant eHRG genes and eHRG proteins were detected as bands with different sizes. Furthermore, nickel-binding affinity of eHRG with D1 or D2 deletion was reduced. As HRG possesses a variety of biological and immunological activities in vivo and HRR is the active center of HRG, genetic polymorphisms in eHRG may participate in performance, productivity, and susceptibility to infectious diseases in Thoroughbred horses.
On the Sliding Mode Control Gain-Tuning: Novel Method and Experimental Verification
Authors: Xuan-Mung Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc Phi , Pham Dinh Ba , DAO NHU NGOC , NGOC THANH HA LE NHU , VU MAI THE , HONG SUNG KYUNG 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The sliding mode control is well-known as a useful control technique that can be applied in several real-world applications. However, a straightforward and efficient process of tuning the gains of a sliding mode controller remains a challenging but interesting topic. In this paper, a mathematical method for the sliding mode controller gain tuning is investigated. Firstly, we obtain relations between the gains and the natural and damping ratio of the closed-loop system. Secondly, the time constant of the system's actuators and the system response performance criteria, including settling time and delay time, are taken into consideration to determine the gains. In addition, appropriate gain ranges, which ensure that the system performance is met and the actuators work properly, are derived. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the gain tuning process of a sliding mode altitude controller for an actual quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of this method.
Myeloperoxidase inhibition may protect against endothelial glycocalyx shedding induced by COVID-19 plasma
Authors: Teo Andrew , Chan Lousia , Cheung Christine , Chia Po Ying , Ong Sean , Fong Siew Wai , Ng Lisa , Renia Laurent , Lye David , Young Barnaby , Yeo Tsin Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), significantly threatens public health. Accumulating evidence suggests increased neutrophil activation and endothelial glycocalyx (EG) damage to be independently associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, pathways that are involved in EG breakdown in COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, we hypothesised that increased blood neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) level is associated with soluble EG breakdown, and inhibiting MPO activities can reduce EG damage. MethodsFrom a subset of acute and convalescent COVID-19 plasma, 10 severe and 15 non-severe COVID-19 cases, and 9 pre-COVID-19 controls (single timepoint), we determined MPO, MPO activities and soluble EG proteins (syndecan-1 and glypican-1) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro primary human aortic endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of untreated or treated plasma with specific MPO inhibitors (MPO-IN-28, AZD-5904) to determine soluble EG shedding. We then investigated the association between MPO and soluble EG breakdown, and whether inhibiting MPO activities decrease EG disruption.ResultsIn COVID-19 plasma, MPO levels, MPO activity and soluble EG proteins levels were significantly raised compared to controls, and proteins levels increased in proportion to disease severity. Despite clinical recovery, proteins concentrations remained significantly elevated compared to controls. Interestingly, there is a trend of increasing MPO activity in convalescent plasma in both severe and non-severe groups. Importantly, MPO levels and MPO activity correlated significantly with soluble EG levels in plasma, and inhibiting MPO activity led to reduced syndecan-1 shedding, in vitro. ConclusionsOur work highlights the link between neutrophil MPO involvement and EG shedding in COVID-19, and inhibiting MPO activity may protect against EG disruption. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of MPO inhibitors as potential therapeutics against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
The relationship between crying of premature infants with Monro-kellie hypothesis and increase of ventricular CSF Based on Doppler ultrasound findings
Authors: Ijabi Janat , Tehranian Najmeh , Afrisham Reza , Kaminsky Zachary A. , Roozehdar Parisa , Yahaya Ahmad Shuib , Ijabi Roghayeh , Hussain Faezahtul Arbaeyah Binti , Moradi-Sardareh Hemen , Sadeghi Adel , Oraibi Bha-Aldan Mundher , Navkhasi sasan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Infant crying causes an increase in intracranial pressure which is equivalent to a decrease in CSF and also a decrease in CSF before ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes observed. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect of crying on premature infant brain pressure and the effect of crying on brain autoregulation. Method: In a case-control study, the participants were 53 premature infants with the ability to cry and 43 non-crying premature. Apgar score and after birth blood gases were estimated, and 200 µl capillary samples were collected from the heel for assessment of blood gases before,during and after crying. A transcranial Doppler device used to measure cerebral blood flow volume (CBFV) levels and compared in three sections during, before, and after crying. Results: The CO2 higher level was during crying in comparison with after and before crying (P<0.001). The brain volume was enlarger during crying than after and before crying, as well (P<0.001). The Doppler ultrasound results showed that the higher resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) occurred during crying than after and before crying (P<0.001). There was the lowest end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and Peak systolic velocity (PSV) during crying than after and before crying (P=0.001).Conclusion: The results suggest that the brain volume has increased during crying, which is associated with simultaneous entry of CSF. In intracranial hemorrhage (IH), there is a decrease in CSF which is accompanied by a decrease in brain activity. Therefore, crying with an increased CSF and brain magnetic activity can probably prevent IH.
Spatializing and temporalizing socioeconomic determinants of wildfires in Galicia (Spain).
Authors: de Diego Jaime , Fernández Mercedes , Rúa Antonio , Kline Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In the Spanish region of Galicia, one of the most fire-prone areas in Europe, most wildfires are directly or indirectly related to human activities, so socioeconomic conditions and population characteristics become determinant in wildfire management. Socioeconomic factors could also help explain the causes and distribution of wildfires spatially and temporally within the region. We sought to improve the temporal and spatial understanding of the causes of forest land wildfires in Galicia by analyzing the importance of socioeconomic and natural variables over the wildfire ignitions and hectares burned during 2001-2015. We established the municipality as the smallest geographical section with readily available information on socioeconomic factors and forest land wildfires.Results: We used clustering to analyze the spatial dimension and regression analysis of panel data to investigate the temporal dimension. Through the cluster analysis, we divided the region interterritorially according to its socio-economic behavior; nevertheless, our results suggest that the geographical distribution of the municipalities belonging to the four clusters has a similar pattern to that of the Galician provinces. Our regression models for each cluster indicate that several socioeconomic factors are at least correlated with and may tend to influence wildfire occurrence and burned area in Galicia. We also found discernable patterns related to our identified clusters, confirming that differences between territories exist regarding the likely influence of socioeconomic factors on the number of wildfire ignitions and hectares burned.Conclusions: Results suggest that explanatory socioeconomic variables are as crucial as meteorological variables in wildfire ignitions and burned area and that an accurate knowledge of inter-territorial socioeconomic differences could help to design wildfire prevention policies best suited to the socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental circumstances of each territory.
Nano-Encapsulation: Overcoming Conductivity Limitations by Growing MOF Nanoparticles in Meso-Porous Carbon Enables High Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Borenstein Arie , Sathiyan Krishnamoorthy , Dutta Asmita , Marks Vered , Fleker Ohad , Zidki Tomer , Webster Richard D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among methods employed for carbon capture, electroreduction of CO2 offers not only reducing CO2 levels but also the possibility of recycling it into commodity chemicals. However, the most efficient catalysts for this reaction are precious metals. In order to achieve cost-effective processes, other elements should be used. Transition-metal atoms coordinated in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit high performance as electrocatalysts. However, the isolating nature of MOFs limits their utilization as electrocatalysts. In this study, we have grown MOF nanoparticles inside hierarchically meso-porous carbon instead of mixing the MOFs with conducting carbons. The incorporated MOF nanoparticles show improved properties than MOFs mixed with carbon, proving the strong electronic interactions in the composites. The encapsulated MOF nanoparticles demonstrate high electric conductivity while preserving their original crystallinity. When used as electrodes in CO2 electroreduction, the MOFs provide high electroactive coverage of 155 nmol cm− 2. Moreover, in CO2 saturated electrolyte, the composites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, including a small onset potential (-0.31 V vs. RHE) and large reduction currents (-18 mA· cm− 2 at -1.0 V), considerably higher than usually reported for MOF-based beyond CO electroreduction. Importantly, the composite is able to produce valuable hydrogenated chemical commodities, including formic acid.
In silico study on probing atomistic insight into structural stability and tensile properties of Fe-doped hydroxyapatite single crystals
Authors: Basu Subhadip , Nag Shubhadeep , Kottan Nihal B , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10PO4(OH)2) is a widely explored material in the experimental domain of biomaterials science, because of its resemblance with natural bone minerals. Specifically, in the bioceramic community, HA doped with multivalent cations (e.g., Mg2+, Fe2+, Sr2+, etc.) has been extensively investigated in the last few decades. Experimental research largely established the critical role of dopant content on the changes in mechanical and biocompatibility properties. The plethora of experimental measurements of mechanical response on doped HA is based on compression or indentation testing of polycrystalline materials. Such measurements, as well as computational predictions of mechanical properties on single crystalline (doped) HA are scarce. On that premise, the present study aims to build atomistic models of Fe2+-doped HA, a model system, with varying Fe content (10, 20, 30, and 40 mol%) and to explore their uniaxial tensile response by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, together with the calculation of IR spectrum. In the equilibrated unit cell structures, Ca(1) sites were found to be energetically favourable for Fe2+substitution. The local distribution of Fe2+ions significantly affects the atomic partial charge distribution and chemical symmetry surrounding the functional groups. These signatures are reflected in the significant decrease in the intensity of IR peaks found in the Fe-doped HA, together with peak splitting because of the symmetry change in the crystal structure. Another important objective of this work is to computationally predict the mechanical response of doped HA in their single crystal format. An interesting observation is that the elastic anisotropy of undoped HA was not compromised with Fe-doping. Tensile strength (TS) is systematically reduced in doped HA with Fe2+dopant content and a decrease in TS with temperature can be attributed to the increased thermal agitation of atoms at elevated temperatures. The physics of the tensile response was rationalized in terms of the strain dependent changes in covalent/ionic framework (Ca-P distance, P-O bond strain, O-P-O angular strain, O-H bond distance). Further, the dynamic changes in covalent bond network were energetically analyzed by calculating the changes in O-H and P-O bond vibrational energy. Summarizing, the current work develops our foundational understanding of the atomistic phenomena involved in the phase stability and tensile response of Fe-doped HA single crystals.
Content Analysis Identifies Nuanced Steps in Hirschsprung Disease (HD) Surgery Which Prevent Disabling Incontinence
Authors: Doolin Edward J , Richards William O 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Recently, poor function after Hirschprung Surgery has become more common. We hypothesized that accurate construction of the anorectal cuff and inclusion of certain technical in the procedure elements would correlate with improved long-term function.Methods: Anoscopy was performed on dysfunctional patients to measure the Anorectal cuff assigning a cuff score (CS) to assess the distance from the dentate line to the suture line. Using content analysis, a blinded observer abstracted nine originally described technical elements from operative reports. Function was evaluated from 1-3 years post-operative and classified as a) normal bowel function (NBF), b) constipation or c) incontinence. The outcomes were recorded as a function of each technical element found in the operative report.Results: CS in 12 incontinent and 8 constipated patients measured 8.75[0-22) and 60.77 (32-160) respectively. 92 operative reports were reviewed resulting in 58 patients being included. Overall, NBF was found in 36 (62%), 11 (20%) had constipation and 11 (20%) had incontinence. The presence of 5 elements in the operative reports corelated with NBF. When all 5 were documented, 23/26 (89%) reported NBF while if none were recorded only 3/19 (16 %) had NBF. Conclusion: Low CS (<22mm) is associated with incontinence while high CS (>32mm) is associated with constipation. Procedural components identified by content analysis are key to preventing incontinence.
An efficient synthesis of some new pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,3,5- triazine nucleus as potential anti-microbial agents
Authors: Dongtre Ramkumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new series of some substituted N-(4-(2-amino-6-(phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-4,6-diethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine derivatives (7a-h) have been prepared by the condensation of substituted (E)-1-(4-(4,6-diethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino) phenyl)-3-(phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (6a-h) with Guanidine hydrochloride and KOH in DMF. The structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass Spectra. All novel compounds were screened for biological activity against selected pathogens by the disc diffusion and poison plate method. In the course of study, derivatives are containing particularly chloro, fluoro and methoxy groups showing potent activity against tested microorganisms.