bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics and paleogeology of the western United States and northern Mexico computed from geologic and paleomagnetic data: 0 to 48 Ma
Authors: Bird Peter , Ingersoll Raymond V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fault traces and offsets, cross-section length changes, paleomagnetic inclination and declination anomalies, and stress-direction indicators with ages back to 90 Ma are collected from the geologic literature on the western United States and northern Mexico. Finite-element program Restore simulates paleokinematics by weighted least squares and integrates displacements, strains, and rotations back in time, producing paleogeologic maps, as well as maps of velocity, heave rate, strain rate, and stress direction at 6 m.y. intervals. After calibrating three program parameters against neotectonic velocities from geodesy, all classes of data except inclination anomalies are fit reasonably well. The kink in the San Andreas fault near San Gorgonio Pass has been gradually restored by slip on adjacent faults and automated smoothing. Piercing-point pairs successfully restored along the San Andreas–Gulf of California plate boundary include the Pelona and Orocopia Schists at 6 Ma, the Pinnacles and Neenach Volcanics at 21 Ma, and the Jolla Vieja and Poway conglomerates adjacent to their Sonoran source at 48–42 Ma. During 18–6 Ma, rapid extension on the Oceanside detachment fault system was restored, placing present San Nicolas Island adjacent to present Rosarito, Baja California, at 18 Ma. Since ca. 18 Ma, the western Transverse Ranges have rotated 70° clockwise, restoration of which implies that sinistral faults in this province originated with NNE trends. The first contact between the Pacific and North America plates at ca. 28 Ma was not associated with any dramatic increase in dextral faulting on land; instead, the primary result was extension in the Plush Ranch–Vasquez-Diligencia basins and Colorado River corridor, probably driven by an unstable triple-junction and accelerated by heating and uplift of North America above enlarging slab windows.
Impacts of a medical-legal partnership on clinical capacity to address social determinants of health
Authors: Davis Kara , Fair Melissa L , Buckingham Catie , McKinnon Hannah , Theriot Roley Laurie , Sease Kerry 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSocial determinants of health (SDOHs) impacts on an individual’s health outcomes have become more evident, and clinical providers are vital in helping patients address those needs. Providers are experiencing high-stress levels related to patient care, resulting in a diminished capacity to address these SDOHs. This study examines the impact of a medical-legal partnership (MLP) on the clinical capacity to assist providers with addressing SDOH needs and reducing clinician stress.MethodsA 16-question survey was emailed to 532 providers in a local health system. The survey assessed clinicians’ perception of their role in addressing SDOH needs, the MLP’s impact on their clinical capacity and the MLP’s ability to remedy patient SDOH needs.ResultsProviders who have referred to the MLP indicated higher levels of agreement that SDOH screenings were part of their clinical responsibility and had higher levels of agreement regarding comfort levels for completing SDOH screenings. Geriatric providers reported higher levels of agreement that the MLP reduced clinician stress than paediatric providers.ConclusionMLPs have the potential to reduce clinician stress and burnout by standing in the gap to assist providers in addressing their patient’s SDOH needs.
Assessing the profile of support for potential tobacco control policies targeting availability in Great Britain: a cross-sectional population survey
Authors: Kock Loren , Shahab Lion , Moore Graham , Shortt Niamh K , Pearce Jamie , Brown Jamie 
Published: August 2022

AimTo examine the level of support for tobacco availability policies across Great Britain (GB) and associations between support for policy and sociodemographic, smoking and quitting characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional representative survey (the Smoking Toolkit Study) of adults in GB (n=2197) during September 2021. Logistic regressions estimated the associations between support for each policy and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.FindingsThere was majority support for requiring retailers to have a license which can be removed if they sell to those under-age (89.6%) and for restrictions on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco near schools (69.9%). More supported than opposed raising the legal age of sale of cigarettes and tobacco to 21 (49.2% supported; 30.7% opposed; 20.1% unsure) and reducing the number of retailers selling tobacco in neighbourhoods with a high density of tobacco retailers (46.5% supported; 23.3% opposed; 30.2% unsure). More opposed than supported a ban on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco to everyone born after a certain year from 2030 onward (a ‘tobacco-free generation’) (41.3% opposed; 34.5% supported; 24.2% unsure). Age was positively associated with support for raising the age of sale and inversely associated with requiring tobacco retailer licenses. Women were more likely to support raising the age of sale and reducing the number of retailers.ConclusionsRequiring tobacco retailer licensing and restrictions on sales near schools received majority support. Other tobacco availability policies received substantial support despite considerable opposition.
Routine CTA screening identifies blunt cerebrovascular injuries missed by clinical risk factors
Authors: Harper Paul R , Jacobson Lewis E , Sheff Zachary , Williams Jamie M , Rodgers Richard B 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines for screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) are commonly based on the expanded Denver criteria, a set of risk factors that identifies patients who require CT-angiographic (CTA) screening for these injuries. Based on previously published data from our center, we have adopted a more liberal screening guideline than those outlined in the expanded Denver criteria. This entails routine CTA of the neck for all blunt trauma patients already undergoing CT of the cervical spine and/or CTA of the chest. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of patients with BCVI who did not meet any of the risk factors included in the expanded Denver criteria.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with BCVI between June 2014 and December 2019 at a Level I Trauma Center were identified from the trauma registry. Medical records were reviewed for the presence or absence of risk factors as outlined in the expanded Denver criteria. Demographic data, time to CTA and treatment, BCVI grade, Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score were collected.ResultsDuring the study period, 17 054 blunt trauma patients were evaluated, and 29% (4923) underwent CTA of the neck to screen for BCVI. 191 BCVIs were identified in 160 patients (0.94% of all blunt trauma patients, 3.25% of patients screened with CTA). 16% (25 of 160) of patients with BCVI had none of the risk factors outlined in the Denver criteria.ConclusionOur findings indicate that reliance on the expanded Denver criteria alone for BCVI screening will result in missed injuries. We recommend CTA screening in all patients with blunt trauma undergoing CT of the cervical spine and/or CTA of the chest to minimize this risk.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic/care management.
Influence of protected organic acids on growth performance, fecal microbial composition, gas emission, and apparent total tract digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Munezero Olivier , Muhizi Serge , Kim In Ho 
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effect of protected organic acids on growth performance, fecal microbial composition, gas emission, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in growing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) growing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 22.66 ± 2.45 kg were allotted to one of two dietary treatments with 8 replications and 5 pigs (3 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen in a randomized complete block design in a 6-week study with basal diets (CON) and basal diets + 0.2% microencapsulated organic acids (MOA). A trend and significant effect on average daily gain (ADG) were observed during weeks 2 and 6 ( P < 0.05), respectively. The gain–feed ratio (G:F) was increased ( P = 0.0032) in the MOA group. ADG ( P = 0.0109) and trend in G:F ( P = 0.1010) were observed in the MOA group. However, no difference was observed in the BW and average daily feed intake of pigs. Fecal Escherichia coli counts showed reduction ( P = 0.0143) at week 4. MOA supplementation had no influence on ATTD and fecal gas emission in growing pigs during the entire experiment ( P > 0.05). The MOA supplementation to the basal diet had a positive effect on the growth performance and fecal microbial composition of growing pigs.
Conditions for global minimum in the $$A_4$$ symmetric 3HDM
Authors: Carrolo Sergio , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere has been a great interest in three Higgs doublet models (3HDM) symmetric under an exact $$A_4$$

A
4

symmetry. We provide the complete analytic necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be the global minimum along the neutral directions in such models, discussing many of the subtleties involved. We also present a number of numerical examples, to highlight those issues. We then turn to the directions which break electric charge, presenting a safe analytical sufficient condition for bounded from below (BFB) potentials. Based on extensive numerical simulations, we discuss one conjecture on BFB along charge breaking directions.
Removing the divergence of Chandrasekhar limit caused by generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Du Xin-Dong , Long Chao-Yun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe usual generalized uncertainty principle will lead to a divergent mass limit of white dwarf, and this divergence should be prevented for both scenarios including positive and negative parameters of generalized uncertainty principle. Although it has been shown that negative parameter can directly restore the mass limit, the underlying reason is not given to explain why the negative sign appears under the condition of white dwarf. In order to solve this problem, we derive a field-dependent parameter expression whose sign can change depending on the species of spin fields. Besides, we find that the actual physical effect of the negative sign is aimed at limiting the exorbitant uncertainty of momentum.
Design study for a 500 MeV positron beam at the Mainz Microtron MAMI
Authors: Backe H. , Lauth W. , Drexler P. , Heil P. , Klag P. , Ledroit B. , Stieler F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A design study has been performed for a positron beam with an energy of 500 MeV to be realized at the applied physics area of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. Positrons will be created after pair conversion of bremsstrahlung, produced by the 855 MeV electron beam at MAMI in a tungsten converter target. From the two conceivable geometries (1) pair conversion in the bremsstrahlung converter target itself, and (2) bremsstrahlung pair conversion in a separated lead foil, the former was considered in detail. Positrons will be energy selected within an outside open electron beam-line bending magnet, and bent back by an additional sector magnet. Magnetic focusing elements in between are designed to prepare in a well shielded positron target chamber about 6 m away from the target a beam with horizontal and vertical emittances of $$\epsilon _\mathrm{v} $$

ϵ
v

= 0.055 $$\pi $$
π
mm mrad (1 $$\sigma $$
σ
), and $$\epsilon _\mathrm{h} = 0.12\, \pi $$

ϵ
h

=
0.12

π

mm mrad (1 $$\sigma $$
σ
), respectively, for a 10 $$\upmu $$
μ
m thick amorphous tungsten target and negligible momentum spread. At an accepted positron band width of 1 MeV, spots are expected vertically with an angular spread of 0.064 mrad and a size of 5.0 mm (FWHM), and horizontally with an angular spread of 0.64 mrad and a size of 7.7 mm (FWHM). The positron yield amounts to 13.1 per second, 1 MeV positron energy band width, and 1 nA electron beam current.

Graphic abstract
Svalbard Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Barents Sea
Authors: Olaussen Snorre , Grundvåg Sten-Andreas , Senger Kim , Anell Ingrid , Betlem Peter , Birchall Thomas , Braathen Alvar , Dallmann Winfried , Jochmann Malte , Johannessen Erik P. , Lord Gareth , Mørk Atle , Osmundsen Per T. , Smyrak-Sikora Aleksandra , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Svalbard Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (SCTSE) is located on the northwestern corner of the Barents Shelf and comprises a Carboniferous–Pleistocene sedimentary succession. Due to Cenozoic uplift, the succession is subaerially exposed in the Svalbard archipelago. The oldest parts of the succession consist of Carboniferous–Permian mixed siliciclastic, carbonate and evaporite, and spiculitic sediments that developed during multiple phases of extension. The majority of the Mesozoic succession is composed of siliciclastic deposits formed in sag basins and continental platforms. Episodes of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous contraction are evident in the eastern part of the archipelago and in nearby offshore areas. Differential uplift related to the opening of the Amerasian Basin and the Cretaceous emplacement of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province created a major hiatus spanning from the Late Cretaceous and early Danian throughout the Svalbard CTSE. The West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt and the associated foreland basin in central Spitsbergen (Central Tertiary Basin) formed as a response to the Eurekan Orogeny and the progressive northward opening of the North Atlantic during the Paleogene. This event was followed by the formation of yet another major hiatus spanning the Oligocene–Pliocene. Multiple reservoir and source-rock units exposed in Svalbard provide analogues to the prolific offshore acreages in the SW Barents Sea, and are important for the de-risking of plays and prospects. However, the archipelago itself is regarded as a high-risk acreage for petroleum exploration. This is due to Paleogene contraction and late Neogene uplift of the western and central parts in particular. There is an absence of mature source rocks in the east, and the entire region is subjected to strict environmental protection.
Spatial Positioning and Matrix Programs of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote T-cell Exclusion in Human Lung Tumors
Authors: Grout John A. , Sirven Philemon , Leader Andrew M. , Maskey Shrisha , Hector Eglantine , Puisieux Isabelle , Steffan Fiona , Cheng Evan , Tung Navpreet , Maurin Mathieu , Vaineau Romain , Karpf Lea , Plaud Martin , Begue Anne-Laure , Ganesh Koushik , Mesple Jérémy , Casanova-Acebes Maria , Tabachnikova Alexandra , Keerthivasan Shilpa , Lansky Alona , Berichel Jessica Le , Walker Laura , Rahman Adeeb H. , Gnjatic Sacha , Girard Nicolas , Lefevre Marine , Damotte Diane , Adam Julien , Martin Jerome C. , Wolf Andrea , Flores Raja M. , Beasley Mary Beth , Pradhan Rachana , Muller Soren , Marron Thomas U. , Turley Shannon J. , Merad Miriam , Kenigsberg Ephraim , Salmon Hélène 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

It is currently accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) participate in T-cell exclusion from tumor nests. To unbiasedly test this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with multiplex imaging on a large cohort of lung tumors. We identified four main CAF populations, two of which are associated with T-cell exclusion: (i) MYH11+αSMA+ CAF, which are present in early-stage tumors and form a single cell layer lining cancer aggregates, and (ii) FAP+αSMA+ CAF, which appear in more advanced tumors and organize in patches within the stroma or in multiple layers around tumor nests. Both populations orchestrate a particular structural tissue organization through dense and aligned fiber deposition compared with T cell–permissive CAF. Yet they produce distinct matrix molecules, including collagen IV (MYH11+αSMA+ CAF) and collagen XI/XII (FAP+αSMA+ CAF). Hereby, we uncovered unique molecular programs of CAF driving T-cell marginalization, whose targeting should increase immunotherapy efficacy in patients bearing T cell–excluded tumors.

Significance:
The cellular and molecular programs driving T-cell marginalization in solid tumors remain unclear. Here, we describe two CAF populations associated with T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors. We demonstrate the importance of pairing molecular and spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment, a prerequisite to developing new strategies targeting T cell–excluding CAF.
See related commentary by Sherman, p. 2501.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma
Authors: Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Cohen Adam D. , Kaushal Akhilesh , Garfall Alfred L. , Manalo Renee Julia , Carr Allison R. , McCachren Samuel S. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , June Carl H. , Milone Michael C. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells lead to high response rates in myeloma, but most patients experience recurrent disease. We combined several high-dimensional approaches to study tumor/immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of myeloma patients pre– and post–B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific CAR T therapy. Lower diversity of pretherapy T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, presence of hyperexpanded clones with exhaustion phenotype, and BAFF+PD-L1+ myeloid cells in the marrow correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) following CAR T therapy. In contrast, longer PFS was associated with an increased proportion of CLEC9A+ dendritic cells (DC), CD27+TCF1+ T cells with diverse T-cell receptors, and emergence of T cells expressing marrow-residence genes. Residual tumor cells at initial response express stemlike genes, and tumor recurrence was associated with the emergence of new dominant clones. These data illustrate a dynamic interplay between endogenous T, CAR T, myeloid/DC, and tumor compartments that affects the durability of response following CAR T therapy in myeloma.

Significance:
There is an unmet need to identify determinants of durable responses following BCMA CAR T therapy of myeloma. High-dimensional analysis of the TME was performed to identify features of immune and tumor cells that correlate with survival and suggest several strategies to improve outcomes following CAR T therapy.
See related commentary by Graham and Maus, p. 478.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
New distribution record of Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar, 1844 (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the Trans-Himalayan region of western Nepal
Authors: Ashant Dewan  , Bimal Raj Shrestha  , Rubina Thapa Magar  , Prakash Gaudel  
Published: August 2022

Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar, 1844 is a white moth with several black line patterns. It belongs to family Notodontidae. The major habitat consists of oak and alder forests in the Himalaya. The moth is associated with the cause of corneal melting eye disease. The finding of a moth in a trans-Himalayan region set forth the change of current distribution range, host, and habitat preference behaviors.
Neural Information Processing and Computations of Two-Input Synapses
Authors: Kim Soon Ho , Woo Junhyuk , Choi Kiri , Choi MooYoung , Han Kyungreem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation processing in artificial neural networks is largely dependent on the nature of neuron models. While commonly used models are designed for linear integration of synaptic inputs, accumulating experimental evidence suggests that biological neurons are capable of nonlinear computations for many converging synaptic inputs via homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms. This nonlinear neuronal computation may play an important role in complex information processing at the neural circuit level. Here we characterize the dynamics and coding properties of neuron models on synaptic transmissions delivered from two hidden states. The neuronal information processing is influenced by the cooperative and competitive interactions among synapses and the coherence of the hidden states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that neuronal information processing under two-input synaptic transmission can be mapped to linearly nonseparable XOR as well as basic AND/OR operations. In particular, the mixtures of linear and nonlinear neuron models outperform the fashion-MNIST test compared to the neural networks consisting of only one type. This study provides a computational framework for assessing information processing of neuron and synapse models that may be beneficial for the design of brain-inspired artificial intelligence algorithms and neuromorphic systems.
A Survey of Text Games for Reinforcement Learning Informed by Natural Language
Authors: Osborne Philip , Nõmm Heido , Freitas André 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reinforcement Learning has shown success in a number of complex virtual environments. However, many challenges still exist towards solving problems with natural language as a core component. Interactive Fiction Games (or Text Games) are one such problem type that offer a set of safe, partially observable environments where natural language is required as part of the Reinforcement Learning solution. Therefore, this survey’s aim is to assist in the development of new Text Game problem settings and solutions for Reinforcement Learning informed by natural language. Specifically, this survey: 1) introduces the challenges in Text Game Reinforcement Learning problems, 2) outlines the generation tools for rendering Text Games and the subsequent environments generated, and 3) compares the agent architectures currently applied to provide a systematic review of benchmark methodologies and opportunities for future researchers.
Les langages artistiques dans le second théâtre beckettien
Authors: Richard Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
L’écriture pour la radio, le cinéma ou bien encore la télévision permet à Beckett d’éprouver les différents langages artistiques, en isolant la voix, le corps, en dissociant les perceptions visuelles et auditives, en travaillant l’acoustique, le rythme, la lumière ou bien encore le cadrage. Ces expérimentations influencent l’écriture pour la scène et participent d’une reconfiguration de la matière dramatique sur plusieurs niveaux de représentation. Exténuant de la sorte les potentialités de chaque art, le second théâtre beckettien cherche à défier les lois de la représentation – lois physiques aussi bien qu’artistiques – pour atteindre une certaine forme d’« aperception » théâtrale.
Projet danse à la rencontre de Beckett
Authors: Soudy-Quazuguel Laura 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
L’article est le témoignage d’un projet danse, réalisé avec une classe de 3ème, autour de Samuel Beckett et de la pièce Acte sans paroles I créée par le chorégraphe Dominique Dupuy en 2013. L’enjeu principal est de montrer combien la danse est une entrée pertinente pour aborder Beckett : non seulement, elle fait sens au regard de l’œuvre de l’écrivain, mais elle en permet aussi une découverte sensible, par le corps. En outre, il s’agit d’observer les bienfaits de tels projets interdisciplinaires pour l’ensemble de ses acteurs. Afin d’illustrer notre propos, nous nous appuyons sur le film documentaire On n’en finit jamais avec Beckett qui retrace un temps du projet au Centre National de la Danse.