bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Repeated Dose (Sub Chronic) Toxicity Study of Shilasindur Prepared by Two Different Methods Along with Its Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Tirpude Barkha , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Khabade Swapnali 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Rasaushadhies (metal and mineral) preparations are unique preparations that include Bhasma, herbo-mineral preparations and Kupipakwa rasayana hold a significant place in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Nearly 70 % of formulations include a combination of one or more metallic/mineral with several herbs which have a supporting role in improving efficacy, relieving symptoms of the disease and to achieve long and healthy life. Shilasindur is a one of the Kupipakwa rasayana containing mercury, sulphur and arsenic disulphide and indicated in skin disorders, respiratory tract disorders and other infectious diseases.
Aim and Objectives: Evaluation of repeated dose (Sub chronic) toxicity study of Shilasindur along with its characterization and antimicrobial activity.
Materials & Methods: Shilasindur will be prepared in three batches as per classical reference and by using Electric Muffle furnace. The prepared formulation will be assessed with Organoleptic characters, physicochemical parameters and ICP – AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Sub chronic toxicity study will be carried out according to the OECD guidelines 408 and 452 as well as CCRAS guidelines of safety and toxicity. Epsilometer test (E-test) will be used to check antimicrobial activity of Shilasindur.
Results: The analytical parameters will be assessed to establish the pharmaceutical standardization. Toxicity study will be done in three doses to ensure its safety. Statistical analysis will be done by applying unpaired t-test and ANOVA test.
Conclusion: If significant positive results obtained in this work then it will be a valuable contribution and evidence that the drug Shilasindur is safe for consumption at treatment doses.
A Study to Assess the Effect of an IB (Information Bundle) on Physiological Parameters among Patients Undergoing Upper GI Endoscopy
Authors: Pandey Sushma , Singh Seema 
Published: February 2022

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a common diagnostic procedure that plays central role in the practice of gastroenterology. It remains the first line of diagnostic modality for evaluation of Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is a safe, commonly used investigation for the evaluation of wide range of upper GI lesions. Any type of surgery or an invasive procedure can cause stress to an individual. Whenever, exposed to such procedures, stress would definitely occur. Stress is expressed through altered physiological functions such as changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate. Information Bundle helps to minimize stress and stabilize physiological parameters during procedure among endoscopy patients.
Aim: Of this study is to evaluate the effect of information bundle on physiological parameters among upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy patients.
Methods: Two group pretest posttest research design was used. Sample was selected through convenient purposive sampling technique and total number of samples were equally divided in experimental and control group.
Results and Discussion: The majority of the patients were from age group 39 years and above. The post intervention means cores showed an improvement in the physiological parameters in experimental group and calculated ‘t’ values were statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance(p<0.05).
Conclusion: The Information Bundle was found effective in stabilizing the physiological parameters of patients during endoscopy.
Using Safe Calculated Low Power of Electrons to Cut, Analyze and Exterminate the Outer and Inner Biological Elements of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses in Vitro
Authors: Madboly Waleed Ezzat , Shehata Magdi Gebril , M. Nashed Michael Sobhy , Abu-Dief Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The treatment of pneumonia viruses with antiviral drugs produced mild to severe side effects until the immune system worked against the invaded virus.
Objective: Therefore, it is crucial to develop an efficient alternative therapy with lower side effects against infection of pneumonia viruses.
Methods: We hereby designated a novel device termed a a Life Restoration Device (LRD to produce electric frequencies with lower potential. The electric frequencies cancan specifically destroy the nucleic acid materials and viral envelope rather than the plasma of the infected cell. Using a glass tube model the infected cells with propagated viruses were filled in the glass tube and two nickel-coated copper rods were inserted into both ends. Then the two rods were connected into the LRD. Lower potential electric frequencies were applied for 30 min and 60 min onto the infected cells.
Results: The treatment of the infected cell culture of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 using LRD for 30 min significantly reduced the viral infectivity to 83% and 22% respectively. After 60 min of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exposure to LRD, the infectivity reduced to 21% and 1% respectively. Additionally, based on the data of transmission electron microscopy of the H5N1 virus and electrophoretic patterns of different types of viruses, the nucleic acid materials of the treated viruses were reduced based on the non-treated viruses. The electric frequencies sensitivity produced by LRD can reduce the fluidity of the viral envelope rather than the plasma membrane of the infected cells.
Conclusion: Treatment of pneumonia viruses with electric stimulation is a new alternative therapy but needs more investigations. The data obtained from this study is important to develop an effective alternative viral therapy.
Wafer‐Scale Integration
Authors: Safari Yousef , Vaisband Boris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe key challenges of on‐chip integration, including limited scalability, high cost, difficulty to maintain profitable yield, and increased thermal management complexity, suggest that additional avenues for scaling should be explored. Wafer‐scale integration is the extension of the system‐on‐chip approach to ultralarge systems. A comprehensive review of this transition from the standpoint of packaging, thermal management, and system integration is presented in this article. The benefits and challenges of wafer‐scale integration are discussed. Silicon interconnect fabric, a promising platform for high‐performance heterogeneous wafer‐scale integration, is introduced.
Disease Features and Gastrointestinal Microbial Composition in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis from Two Independent Cohorts
Authors: Andréasson Kristofer , Lee S. Melanie , Lagishetty Venu , Wu Meifang , Howlett Natalie , English James , Hesselstrand Roger , Clements Philip J. , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Volkmann Elizabeth R. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe study objective was to examine alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate the relationship between SSc features and GI microbiota using two independent, international cohorts.MethodsProspective patients with SSc from Lund University (LU), Sweden, from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States, and control subjects provided stool specimens for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed. Multivariate negative binomial models identified differentially abundant genera between groups.ResultsPatients from LU with SSc (n = 106) with recent SSc diagnosis (median disease duration 2.0 years) had lower abundance of commensal genera (eg,Faecalibacterium) and higher abundance of pathobiont genera (eg,Desulfovibrio) than LU‐controls (n = 85). Patients from UCLA with SSc (n = 71) had a similar prevalence of females, a similar body mass index, and similar age but an increased disease duration (median 7.1 years) compared with patients from LU with SSc. Factors associated with beta diversity in patients with SSc from both LU and UCLA included disease duration (P = 0.0016), interstitial lung disease (P = 0.003), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (P = 0.002), and immunosuppression use (P = 0.014). In multivariable analysis, the UCLA‐SSc cohort had higher abundance of specific pathobiont genera (eg,Streptococcus) compared with the LU‐SSc cohort.ConclusionEnrichments and depletions in certain microbial genera were observed in patients recently diagnosed with SSc, suggesting that dysbiosis is present in early SSc. Specific disease features were independently associated with fecal microbial composition in both cohorts. After controlling for these factors, the abundance of several pathobiont bacteria differed between the cohorts, suggesting that environmental factors, along with disease manifestations, should be considered in future SSc studies.
Active‐Matrix Sensing Array Assisted with Machine‐Learning Approach for Lumbar Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Postoperative Assessment
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Dongli , Sun Zhuoran , Zhou Siyu , Li Wei , Li Chengyu , Li Weishi , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLumbar degenerative disease (LDD) refers to the nerve compression syndrome such as neurogenic intermittent claudication and lower limb pain, which disturbs people's daily life, and its incidence increases with age. Traditional diagnosis often employs magnetic response imaging or other imaging examinations. But the radiological data have uncertain clinical correlation and often be overemphasized in clinical decision making. Here, an active‐matrix sensing array (AMSA) is proposed to measure plantar pressure during walking, in order to improve LDD diagnostic processes. An array of piezoelectric sensors with high robustness are assembled. Combined with a support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithm, the system can classify the common human motions of half‐squat, squat, jump, walk and jog with an accuracy up to 99.2%, demonstrating its capability of recognizing personal activities. More importantly, in 62 clinical samples of lumbar degenerative patients, the system can perform an artificial intelligence diagnosis, achieving an accuracy of 100% with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.998, and also gives out recovery assessments after surgery. Since the personal plantar pressure is also indicative of other diseases, such as diabetes and fasciitis, the system can be extended to other medical aspects, showing a broad impact in biomedical engineering.
Supported Lipid Bilayers Coupled to Organic Neuromorphic Devices Modulate Short‐Term Plasticity in Biomimetic Synapses
Authors: Lubrano Claudia , Bruno Ugo , Ausilio Chiara , Santoro Francesca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is a fundamental process for neuronal communication and is involved in neurodegeneration. This process has been recently exploited to inspire the design of next‐generation bioelectronic platforms. Neuromorphic devices have emerged as ideal candidates in mimicking brain functionalities, thanks to their ionic‐to‐electronic signal transduction, biocompatibility, and their ability to display short‐ and long‐term memory as biological synapses. However, these devices still fail in bridging the gap between electronics and biological systems due to the lack of biomimetic features. Here, a biomembrane‐based organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is implemented and the supported‐lipid‐bilayer‐mediated short‐term depression of the device is investigated. After morphological and electrical characterization of the lipid bilayer, its ionic barrier behavior is exploited to enhance the neuromorphic operation of the OECT. Such biomimetic neuromorphic devices pave the way toward the implementation of synapses‐resembling in vitro platforms to investigate and characterize neurodegenerative processes involving synaptic plasticity loss.
How to Make a Surface Act as a Micropump
Authors: Bekir Marek , Sharma Anjali , Umlandt Maren , Lomadze Nino , Santer Svetlana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the phenomenon of light‐driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long‐range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro‐sized objects trapped near a solid wall is investigated. The range of the DO flow extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The “fuel” of the light‐driven DO flow is a photosensitive surfactant which can be photo‐isomerized between trans and cis‐states. The trans‐isomer tends to accumulate at the interface, while the cis‐isomer prefers to stay in solution. In combination with a dissimilar photo‐isomerization rate at the interface and in bulk, this yields a concentration gradient of the isomers around single particles resulting in local light‐driven diffusioosmotic (l‐LDDO) flow. Here, the extended analysis of the l‐LDDO flow as a function of irradiation parameters by introducing time‐dependent development of the concentration excess of isomers near the particle surface is presented. It is also demonstrated that the l‐LDDO can be generated at any solid/liquid interface being more pronounced in the case of strongly absorbing material. This phenomenon has plenty of potential applications since it makes any type of surface act as a micropump.
Relay Rhodium(I)/Acid Catalysis for Rapid Access to Benzo‐2H‐Pyrans and Benzofurans
Authors: Zhu Huilong , Zhou Qianqian , Liu Na , Xing Junhao , Yao Weijun , Dou Xiaowei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRelay rhodium(I)/Brønsted acid catalysis for tandem arylation−cyclization reaction was developed. Chemodivergent syntheses of benzo‐2H‐pyrans and benzofurans from propargyl alcohols and ortho‐hydroxylated arylboronic acids were achieved under this relay catalysis system. An ortho‐hydroxy effect on changing the chemoselectivity and reactivity was observed.magnified image
Heterojunction Nanomedicine
Authors: Pan Chao , Mao Zhuo , Yuan Xue , Zhang Hanjie , Mei Lin , Ji Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExogenous stimulation catalytic therapy has received enormous attention as it holds great promise to address global medical issues. However, the therapeutic effect of catalytic therapy is seriously restricted by the fast charge recombination and the limited utilization of exogenous stimulation by catalysts. In the past few decades, many strategies have been developed to overcome the above serious drawbacks, among which heterojunctions are the most widely used and promising strategy. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of heterojunction nanomedicine, such as semiconductor–semiconductor heterojunctions (including type I, type II, type III, PN, and Z–scheme junctions) and semiconductor–metal heterojunctions (including Schottky, Ohmic, and localized surface plasmon resonance–mediated junctions). The catalytic mechanisms and properties of the above junction systems are also discussed in relation to biomedical applications, especially cancer treatment and sterilization. This review concludes with a summary of the challenges and some perspectives on future directions in this exciting and still evolving field of research.
Avoiding CO2 Improves Thermal Stability at the Interface of Li7La3Zr2O12 Electrolyte with Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Kim Younggyu , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Hunt Adrian , Yildiz Bilge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSolid‐state batteries promise higher energy densities and better safety than Li‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. However, the interface between solid electrolyte and cathode is unstable at the elevated temperatures that are needed while sintering to achieve good bonding between ceramic components. Here, the hypothesis is that, the gas environment, especially the presence of CO2, is critical in determining the stability of the solid electrolyte–cathode interface. The effect of gas species on the interface is systematically probed, by a using Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte with a thin film LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode as a model system to enable interface sensitivity. Detrimental phases formed at the interface and their onset conditions are identified by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Gibbs free energy analysis. As a result, removing CO2 and minimizing H2O(g) during sintering is necessary to obtain good contact at the LLZO|cathode interface without forming secondary phases. Sintering in O2 is ideal, yielding excellent chemical stability and low interfacial resistance. Secondary phases also do not form in N2, but oxygen loss occurs at elevated temperatures. The interfacial resistance obtained upon sintering in pure O2 is comparable to the lowest values at LLZO interfaces with protective coatings, but here without the need for interface coatings.
Advances in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Guo Lei , Pan Lun , Yan Tianqing , He Zexing , Li Yue , Shi Chengxiang , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technology is of interest in the context of electrocatalytic hydrogen generation from renewable energies. It has the benefits of immediate response, higher proton conductivity, lower ohmic losses, and gas crossover rate. One key step toward to large‐scale application, is the development of highly efficient, durable, and compatible anodic oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acidic media to decrease the usage of expensive and scarce precious metals. Within this scenario, an in‐depth understanding of oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms including the adsorption evolution mechanism and lattice oxygen evolution mechanism is first provided to aid development of innovative materials and elucidate the origin of catalyst degradation. Second, recent progress in the development of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acid media is reviewed with an emphasis on the underlying structure–performance relationships. Third, the current application status and research progress in PEMWEs along with representative examples are discussed. Last, the remaining challenges and promising insights are proposed to inspire future studies on the development of hydrogen production technology from renewable energy.
Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed Cleavage of C−C Bond and C−H Bond Cascaded by Michael Addition for the Conversion of α‐Hydroxy Ketones to Phthalides and Isocoumarins
Authors: Yin Fucheng , Peng Wan , Wang Cheng , Qu Lailiang , Chen Xinye , Kong Lingyi , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA protocol for Rh(III)‐catalyzed cleavage of C−C bond and C−H bond cascaded by Michael addition of α‐hydroxy ketones was established. The method allows the rapid construction of phthalides and isocoumarins skeleton. A total of 62 phthalides and isocoumarins were obtained with yields up to 91% demonstrating the broad applicability of the protocol. This efficient cascade catalysis can be applied to the total synthesis of the natural products isoochracinic acid and sparstolonin B. The reaction mechanism, especially the dimerization process of the α‐hydroxyketone, is unique. Further studies of the reaction using control experiments, in situ NMR analysis, cyclic voltammogram and isotope tracking experiments have provided insight into the reaction mechanism.
The costs of treating all‐cause dementia among American Indians and Alaska native adults who access services through the Indian Health Service and Tribal health programs
Authors: O'Connell Joan , Grau Laura , Goins Turner , Perraillon Marcelo , Winchester Blythe , Corrada Maria , Manson Spero M. , Jiang Luohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about treatment costs for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with dementia who access services through the Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health programs.MethodsWe analyzed fiscal year 2013 IHS/Tribal treatment costs for AI/ANs aged 65+ years with dementia and a matched sample without dementia (n = 1842) to report actual and adjusted total treatment costs and costs by service type. Adjusted costs were estimated using multivariable regressions.ResultsMean total treatment cost for adults with dementia were $13,027, $5400 higher than for adults without dementia ($7627). The difference in adjusted total treatment costs was $2943 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $1505, $4381), the majority of which was due to the difference in hospital inpatient costs ($2902; 95% CI: $1512, $4293).DiscussionKnowing treatment costs for AI/ANs with dementia can guide enhancements to policies and services for treating dementia and effectively using health resources.
A Metal‐Phenolic Nanosensitizer Performs Hydrogen Sulfide‐Reprogrammed Oxygen Metabolism for Cancer Radiotherapy Intensification and Immunogenicity
Authors: Li Jie , Xie Lisi , Sang Wei , Li Wenxi , Wang Guohao , Yan Jie , Zhang Zhan , Tian Hao , Fan Quli , Dai Yunlu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is hampered by the limited oxygen in tumors, which could be potentiated via reprogramming the oxygen metabolism and increasing the oxygen utilization efficiency. Herein, a metal‐phenolic nanosensitizer (Hf‐PSP‐DTC@PLX) was integrated via an acid‐sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor (polyethylene glycol‐co‐polydithiocarbamates, PEG‐DTC) and a hafnium‐chelated polyphenolic semiconducting polymer (Hf‐PSP) in an amphiphilic polymer (poloxamer F127, PLX). Hf‐PSP‐DTC@PLX elicited a high imaging performance for precise RT and generated H2S to reduce the cellular oxygen consumption rate via mitochondrial respiration inhibition, which reprogrammed the oxygen metabolism for improvement of the tumor oxygenation. Then, Hf‐sensitization could fully utilize the well‐preserved oxygen to intensify RT efficacy and activate immunogenicity. Such a synergistic strategy for improvement of oxygenation and oxygen utilization would have great potential in optimizing oxygen‐dependent therapeutics.
Acorrosion‐resistancewaterborne polyacrylate coatings based on novel phosphate esters polymeric surfactant
Authors: Ma Guo‐Yan , Wang Cheng‐Jun , Du Chun‐Bao , Li Xi , Wang Xiao‐Rong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel polymeric surfactant (MBSP) is obtained with phosphate esters monomer (PEGMAP) as the functional monomer in the presence of other acrylic monomers. The synthesized MBSP is further used as emulsifier for preparing the corrosion‐resistance polyacrylate coatings (PAMBSP). Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance results show that phosphate esters functional monomer was introduced into the MBSP molecular chains. The surface tension measurements illustrated that with the PEGMAP content 1%, the lowest surface tension 44.45 mN/m and the equilibrium concentration critical micellar concentration (CMC) 1.02 g/L of MBSP are obtained. The stability analysis of the PAMBSP emulsions demonstrates that the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) value decreased from 0.64 to 0.32 with the PEGMAP content increased from 1% to 3%. The electrochemical analysis displays that with PEGMAP content 3%, the biggest corrosion potential −0.02 V, smallest etching current density 2.19 × 10−9A•cm2and biggest impedance modulus 1.46 × 107 Ω·cm2was obtained.