bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restless Leg Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Matar Sajeda G. , El-Nahas Zeinab S. , Aladwan Hala , Hasanin Menna , Elsayed Sarah M. , Nourelden Anas Z. , Benmelouka Amira Y. , Ragab Khaled M. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a clinical entity characterized by sensory-motor manifestations commonly observed in end-stage renal illness. Evidence suggests that RLS is a multifactorial phenomenon that can be influenced by many critical factors, including genetic predisposition, dietary patterns, and deficiency in some vitamins. Iron metabolism disorders and metabolic derangements have been generally accepted as predisposing elements in RLS. Furthermore, both pharmacological and neuroimaging studies demonstrated dopamine deficiency and dopamine receptors decrease in basal ganglia during RLS.

Review Summary:
A literature search was done in three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) to identify the pertinent articles discussing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of RLS in hemodialysis patients. RLS can affect the morbidity and mortality of patients treated with dialysis. It also has significant impacts on the quality of life since it can lead to insomnia, increased fatigue, mental health troubles, and other movement problems. Appropriate measures should be considered in this particular population so to prevent and treat RLS. Many drugs and other nonpharmacological methods have been investigated to attenuate the disease’s severity. No treatment, however, could offer long-term effects.

Conclusion:
Further efforts are still required to improve the understanding of RLS pathogenic trends to find more specific and efficient therapies. A wide range of treatment options is available. However, it can be individualized according to the patients’ several factors.
The Bridged Digital Artery Perforator Flap as an Alternative Reconstructive Option for Dorsal Digital or Toe Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Kostopoulos Epameinondas , Konofaos Petros , Mitchel Matthew , Kotsakis Ioannis , Georgopoulos Gerasimos , Diamantopoulos Antonios , Korfiati Georgia , Champsas Gregorios , Casoli Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Background
Dorsal digital soft tissue defects are considered among the most challenging to reconstruct. Numerous treatment options are proposed, including advancement flaps, antegrade, retrograde flow flaps, adipofascial flaps, and digital artery perforator flaps. However, the optimal treatment remains controversial. The concept of the “bridge principle,” consisting of the indirect transfer of the flap to the defect area through a muscular bridge, has recently introduced by authors for medial canthal reconstruction. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility of its application in digital reconstruction for dorsal defects and the development of a new flap. The utilization of the dorsal subcutaneous adipofascial digital or toe tissue as a “bridge” led to description and development of bridged digital artery perforator flaps as an alternative treatment of such defects.

Methods
From November 2017 to September 2019, a series of 14 patients (mean age of 57.1 years) suffered from dorsal digital or toe soft tissue defects of different dimensions and sustained reconstruction with this new technique.

Results
Twelve digits and 2 toes have been concerned. The mean size of the defects was 1.3 × 1.1 cm. All flaps survived without a sign of venous congestion. No functional digital or toe problems were observed during the follow-up period (mean of 11.6 months). Minor wound dehiscence presented in 2 cases (2 of 14 [14.3%]) and a transient skin swelling around the flap in 1.

Conclusions
A new concept was introduced to resolve a challenging problem. Initial outcomes are very encouraging. These flaps could be a valuable and reliable reconstructive option.
Ferret Lung Transplantation Models Differential Lymphoid Aggregate Morphology Between Restrictive and Obstructive Forms of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Lynch Thomas J. , Ahlers Bethany A. , Swatek Anthony M. , Ievlev Vitaly , Pai Albert C. , Brooks Leonard , Tang Yinghua , Evans Idil A. , Meyerholz David K. , Engelhardt John F. , Parekh Kalpaj R. 
Published: April 2022

Background.
Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD has 2 histologic phenotypes, namely obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) and restrictive alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE), which have distinct clinical presentations, pathologies, and outcomes. Understanding of OB versus AFE pathogenesis would improve with better animal models.

Methods.
We utilized a ferret orthotopic single-lung transplantation model to characterize allograft fibrosis as a histologic measure of CLAD. Native lobes and “No CLAD” allografts lacking aberrant histology were used as controls. We used morphometric analysis to evaluate the size and abundance of B-cell aggregates and tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and their cell composition. Quantitative RNA expression of 47 target genes was performed simultaneously using a custom QuantiGene Plex Assay.

Results.
Ferret lung allografts develop the full spectrum of human CLAD histology including OB and AFE subtypes. While both OB and AFE allografts developed TLOs, TLO size and number were greater with AFE histology. More activated germinal center cells marked by B-cell lymphoma 6 Transcription Repressor, (B-cell lymphoma 6) expression and fewer cells expressing forkhead box P3 correlated with AFE, congruent with greater diffuse immunoglobulin, plasma cell abundance, and complement 4d staining. Furthermore, forkhead box P3 RNA induction was significant in OB allografts specifically. RNA expression changes were seen in native lobes of animals with AFE but not OB when compared with No CLAD native lobes.

Conclusions.
The orthotopic ferret single-lung transplant model provides unique opportunities to better understand factors that dispose allografts to OB versus AFE. This will help develop potential immunomodulatory therapies and antifibrotic approaches for lung transplant patients.
The Contributions of Rare Inherited and Polygenic Risk to ASD in Multiplex Families
Authors: Chang Timothy S , Cirnigliaro Matilde , Arteaga Stephanie A , Pérez-Cano Laura , Ruzzo Elizabeth K , Gordon Aaron , Bicks Lucy , Jung Jae-Yoon , Lowe Jennifer K , Wall Dennis P , Geschwind Daniel H 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a complex genetic architecture involving contributions fromde novoand inherited variation. Few studies have been designed to address the role of rare inherited variation, or its interaction with polygenic risk in ASD. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing of the largest cohort of multiplex families to date, consisting of 4,551 individuals in 1,004 families having 2 or more affected children with ASD. Using this study design, we identify seven novel risk genes supported primarily by rare inherited variation, finding support for a total of 74 genes in our cohort and a total of 152 genes after combining with other studies. Probands demonstrated an increased burden of mutations in 2 or more known risk genes (KARGs) — in three families both probands inherited protein truncating variants in two KARGs. We also find that polygenic risk is over transmitted from unaffected parents to affected children with rare inherited variants, consistent with combinatorial effects in the offspring, which may explain the reduced penetrance of these rare variants in parents. We also observe that in addition to social dysfunction, language delay is associated with ASD polygenic risk over-transmission. These results are consistent with an additive complex genetic risk architecture of ASD involving rare and common variation and further suggest that language delay is a core biological feature of ASD.
Immediate effect of osteopathic techniques on human resting muscle tone in healthy subjects using myotonometry: A factorial randomized trial
Authors: Bohlen Lucas , Schwarze Jonah , Richter Jannik , Gietl Bernadette , Lazarov Christian , Kopyakova Anna , Brandl Andreas , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly prevalent, burdensome, and putatively associated with an altered human resting muscle tone (HRMT). Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is commonly and effectively applied to treat MSDs and reputedly influences the HRMT. Arguably, OMT may modulate alterations in HRMT underlying MSDs. However, there is sparse evidence even for the effect of OMT on HRMT in healthy subjects.MethodsA 3x3 factorial randomised trial was performed to investigate the immediate-term effect of myofascial release (MRT), muscle energy (MET), and soft tissue techniques (STT) on the HRMT of the corrugator supercilii (CS), superficial masseter (SM), and upper trapezius muscles (UT) in healthy subjects in Hamburg, Germany. Participants were randomised into three groups (1:1:1 allocation ratio) receiving treatment, according to different muscle-technique pairings, over the course of three sessions with one-week washout periods. Primarily, we assessed the effect of osteopathic techniques on muscle tone (F), biomechanical (S, D), and viscoelastic properties (R, C) from baseline to follow-up (main effect) and tested if specific muscle-technique pairs modulate the effect pre- to post-intervention (interaction effect) using the MyotonPRO (at rest). Data were analysed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, quantiles, and simple effect) and inductive statistics (Bayesian ANOVA).Results59 healthy participants were randomised into three groups and two subjects dropped out from one group (n=20; n=20; n=19 and n=17, respectively). The CS produced frequent measurement errors and was excluded from analysis. The main effect changed significantly for F (-0.163 [0.060]; p=0.008), S (-3.060 [1.563]; p=0.048), R (0.594 [0.141]; p<0.001), and C (0.038 [0.017]; p=0.028) but not for D (0.011 [0.017]; p=0.527). The interaction effect did not change significantly (p>0.05). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionOMT modified the HRMT in healthy subjects which may inform future research on MSDs. In detail, MRT, MET, and STT reduced the muscle tone (F), decreased biomechanical (S not D), and increased viscoelastic properties (R and C) of the SM and UT (CS was not measurable) at immediate term. However, the effect on HRMT was not modulated by muscle–technique interaction.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00020393).
Altered gene expression profiles impair the nervous system development in individuals with 15q13.3 microdeletion
Authors: Körner Marek B. , Velluva Akhil , Bundalian Linnaeus , Radtke Maximilian , Lin Chen-Ching , Zacher Pia , Bartolomaeus Tobias , Kirstein Anna , Mrestani Achmed , Scholz Nicole , Platzer Konrad , Teichmann Anne-Christin , Hentschel Julia , Langenhan Tobias , Lemke Johannes R. , Garten Antje , Jamra Rami Abou , Le Duc Diana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 15q13.3 microdeletion has pleiotropic effects ranging from apparently healthy to severely affected individuals. The underlying basis of the variable phenotype remains elusive.MethodsWe analyzed gene expression using blood from 3 individuals with 15q13.3 microdeletion and brain cortex tissue from 10 mice Df[h15q13]/+. We assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), protein-protein interaction (PPI) functional modules, and gene expression in brain developmental stages.ResultsThe deleted genes’ haploinsufficiency was not transcriptionally compensated, suggesting a dosage effect may contribute to the pathomechanism. DEGs shared between tested individuals and a corresponding mouse model show a significant overlap including genes involved in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, network-wide dysregulatory effects suggest the phenotype is not caused by a singular critical gene. A significant proportion of blood DEGs, silenced in adult brain, have maximum expression during the prenatal brain development. Based on DEGs and their PPI partners we identified altered functional modules related to developmental processes, including nervous system development.ConclusionsWe show that the 15q13.3 microdeletion has a ubiquitous impact on the transcriptome pattern, especially dysregulation of genes involved in brain development. The high phenotypic variability seen in 15q13.3 microdeletion could stem from an increased vulnerability during brain development, instead of a specific pathomechanism.
Sotrovimab drives SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evolution in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Destras G. , Bal A. , Simon B. , Lina B. , Josset L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter monoclonal antibody sotrovimab implementation, Rockett et al have warned on March 9th about two resistant mutations in the spike at position 337 and 340 occurring within the first week in four immunocompromised patients infected by a Delta variant and resulting in viable infection up to 25 days. As sotrovimab is currently the only effective treatment against BA.1 lineage of Omicron variant, we investigated the presence of these mutations in our 22,908 Omicron sequences performed from December 2021 to March 2022.Among 25 Omicron sequences with S:337 and S:340 substitutions, 9 were reported in six patients who had available clinical data and a follow up. All were immunicompromised, and presented a rapid selection of these mutations after sotrovimab monotherapy infusion.With these findings, we underscore that although these mutations are rare, they have been exclusively reported in immunocompromised patients treated with sotrovimab. We urge to consider monoclonal antibody as monotherapy in immunocompromised patients as a risk for escape mutants selection.
Protocol for the pilot study of group video yogic breathing app in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Balasubramanian Sundaravadivel , Harper Jennifer , Sterba Katherine R. , Viswanathan Ramakrishnan , Eldredge-Hindy Harriet 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionBreast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths; however, recent improvements in treatment have improved survivorship. As a result of this improvement, more individuals are living with the long-term side effects of cancer treatment. Therefore, methods that incorporate lifestyle and mind-body approaches are becoming increasingly used in the patient treatment pathway.MethodsIn this study, PranaScience Institute will develop and test a group video mobile application for Yogic Breathing (YB). YB is shown to reduce symptomatic conditions associated with several conditions including breast cancer. For this initial feasibility study, PranaScience will collaborate with the Medical University of South Carolina to implement the study app-based program in breast cancer survivors. This research is aimed to understand if the YB could be delivered via an app, if participants are able to practice it satisfactorily, and if there is any symptom relief by the YB practice. In the control group, participants will be directed to the Attention Control (AC) feature of the app, which guides users to focus on a mindfulness activity not involving YB. Participants will be randomly assigned to the YB or AC study plan (N=20 per group). Breast cancer survivors who have completed radiation therapy within last 6 months will be recruited for this study and provided access to the app for a 12-week program. The study app will record total practice times. Virtual visits by a study yoga instructor during group video sessions will measure participant compliance with proper technique. Feasibility will be examined by evaluating intervention delivery factors and resource needs. Acceptability of using the mobile study app to support symptom management will be evaluated using a satisfaction and system usability scale. Behavioral survey measures will help guide effect sizes and power calculations for the next larger-scale study. Biomarkers in the saliva (tumor suppressors, cytokines), and fingernails (cortisol, differential proteomics) will be measured at baseline and end of study at 12 weeks.DiscussionAll findings from this pilot study will be synthesized to refine the mobile study app in preparation for large-scale evaluation in Phase II involving all-study site participants with cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05161260.
RATING: Medical-knowledge-guided rheumatoid arthritis assessment from multimodal ultrasound images via deep learning
Authors: Zhou Zhanping , Zhao Chenyang , Qiao Hui , Wang Ming , Guo Yuchen , Wang Qian , Zhang Rui , Wu Huaiyu , Dong Fajin , Qi Zhenhong , Li Jianchu , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng , Jiang Yuxin , Xu Feng , Dai Qionghai , Yang Meng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltrasound (US) examination has been commonly utilized in clinical practice for assessing the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity, which is hampered by low intra-observer and inter-observer agreement as well as considerable time and expense to train experienced radiologists. Here, we present the Rheumatoid ArthriTIs kNowledge Guided (RAT ING) model that scores RA activity and generates interpretable features to assist radiologists’ decision-making. The RATING model achieved an accuracy of 86.1% (95% confidence interval (CI)=82.5%–90.1%) in the clinical trial setting, and achieved an accuracy of 85.0% (95% CI=80.5%–89.1%) on the US images collected from an external medical center. An AI-assisted reader study demonstrated that the RATING model improved the average accuracy of ten radiologists from 41.4% to 64.0%. Automated AI models for the assessment of RA may facilitate US RA examination and provide support for clinical decision-making.
Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosomiasis among school aged children in Al- Fashir, North Darfur state, Sudan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Elzain Ishraga Adam , Abdalla Hamid Suliman , Idris Abeer Babiker , Ahmed Nagla Mohamed , Jomaa Salah , Hassan Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveSchistosomiasis represents a significant health problem in Sudan. School aged children who live in areas with poor sanitation are often at risk because they tend to spend time swimming or bathing in water containing infectious cercariae. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate schistosomiasis in terms of prevalence of the infection, and its risk factors among school aged children at Al- Fashir, the capital city of North Darfur state in Sudan.ResultsIn this study, S. haematobium was detected in 6.1% of the school age children at Al- Fashir. Also, hematuria was detected in 85.7% of infected patients, and there was significant correlation between hematuria and presence of S. haematobium eggs (P. value= 0.001). Regarding the risk factor, the low prevalence rate of S. haematobium was observed in populations who depend on faucets as water sources and live in Nifasha and Zamzam camps.
Dynamics of anti-Spike IgG antibody titer after the third BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in the Japanese health care workers
Authors: Ikezaki Hiroaki , Nomura Hideyuki , Shimono Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany countries are administering a third dose of some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, but the evaluation of vaccine-induced immunity is insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in the health care workers after the third BNT162b2 vaccination.MethodsDynamics of anti-spike IgG titers were assessed two months following the third BNT162b2 vaccination in 52 participants. All participants received the primary series of vaccination with BNT162b2 and received the third dose eight months after the second vaccination. Associations between anti-spike IgG titer, baseline characteristics, and adverse reactions were also evaluated.ResultsThe geometric mean titer of anti-spike IgG one month after the third vaccination was 17400 AU/ml, which increased to approximately 30 times immediately before the third vaccination and approximately twice that one month after the second vaccination. In addition, participants with anti-spike IgG titers less than 10000 AU/ml after the second vaccination tended to have higher increases in ant-spike IgG titers before and after the third vaccination.The decline rate of anti-spike IgG was significantly slower after the third vaccination as 35.7% than that after the second vaccination as 59.1%. The anti-spike IgG titer was significantly negatively associated with age (r = -0.31). Participants who had a headache at the vaccination showed significantly higher anti-spike IgG titer than those without a headache.ConclusionsThe anti-spike IgG induced by primary immunization with BNT162b2 waned over time. The third dose of BNT162b2 substantially increased the anti-spike IgG with a slower decline rate.
A Systematic Review of Long-term Antidepressant Outcomes in Comorbid Depression and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jeffery Annie , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Francis Emma , Walters Kate , Wong Ian C. K. , Osborn David , Hayes Joseph F. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression is a common and chronic comorbidity affecting approximately one in four people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and often lasting several years. Past systematic reviews have been unable to identify evidence for long-term (12+ months) antidepressant treatment outcomes in comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes. These reviews are >10years old, included only randomised controlled trials or had limited search strategies. We aimed to systematically review observational studies for long-term outcomes of antidepressant treatment in adults with comorbid depression and T2DM, including broader, up-to-date searches.Methods and findingsThis review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020182788). We searched seven databases using terms related to depression, T2DM and antidepressant medication. From 14,389 reports retrieved, 63 were screened at full text stage and 0 met inclusion criteria. The reasons for exclusion at full text stage were: Studies did not meet inclusion criteria for antidepressant treatment (n = 50); studies did not meet inclusion criteria for T2DM (n = 36); studies did not meet inclusion criteria for depression (n = 29); studies did not include follow-up time (n = 25); studies did not meet inclusion criteria for observational study (n = 14); studies did not include any measurable outcomes (n = 5); studies did not include a suitable comparison (n = 3).ConclusionsWe found no evidence concerning long-term outcomes of antidepressant treatment in individuals with comorbid depression and T2DM. Insufficient ascertainment of antidepressant prescription, case identification, and short follow-up times are the primary reasons for this. Research is urgently required to determine long-term outcomes associated with antidepressant treatment in this patient group.