bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for gallbladder polyps observed through second-look abdominal sonography in patients with fatty liver disease
Authors: Lin Shu-Hsien , Wu Kun-Ta , Chiu Yi-Chun , Wang Chih-Chi , Chiu King-Wah 
Published: August 2022

Multiple studies have provided varied results on the relationship between gallbladder polyps (GBPs), fatty liver disease (FLD), and metabolic factors.
The purpose of this study was to determine the possible risk factors related to GBP formation in Taiwanese population through the use of health examinations.
In this retrospective study, 1311 subjects who underwent abdominal sonography for health evaluations from September 2019 to August 2020 were randomly enrolled. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects were recorded. Risk factors related to GBP formation were analyzed. All participants’ series of abdominal sonography examinations in our hospital were also retrospectively reviewed to reveal the presence of GBPs through second-look sonography.
Among 1311 participants, 946 participants (72.2%) had clinically evident FLD, as documented using abdominal sonography; GBPs were found in 233 (24.6%) subjects with FLD. The incidence of FLD was significantly associated with the presence of GBP (P < .001; OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 10.67–35.55). However, the severity of FLD was not found to be associated with GBP (P = .052). In a multi-variate analysis for risk factors for GBP formation, FLD (P < .0001, OR = 4.262, 95% CI: 2.17–8.34), younger group (P = .002; OR: 0.973, CI: 0.95–0.99), and alcohol consumption (P = .009; OR: 3.368, CI: 1.34–8.42) showed statistical significance. Among 1049 subjects in the nonGBP group, 56 (5.34%) persons were found to have had a GBP at least once in the other series of abdominal sonographies (P < .0001).

Conclusion:
FLD, older age group, and alcohol consumption are major risk factors of GBP formation in Taiwanese population. The presence of GBPs might be revealed in second-look examinations of abdominal sonographies.
Treatment of sirolimus in the pathological femoral fracture related to blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: A case report
Authors: Chang Yu-Jui , Ko Jih-Yang , Sheen Jiunn-Ming , Siu Ka-Kit 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare condition with characteristic vascular malformations of the skin, most frequently lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, and less often, the musculoskeletal system. We report a 5-year case of BRBNS complicated with pathological femoral fracture that was successfully treated with sirolimus.

Patient concerns:
We report the case of a 1-week-old girl with a diagnosis of BRBNS who had multiple venous malformations over her body. She also presented with right lower-limb swelling and complicated with a pathological femoral fracture.

Diagnoses:
BRBNS with the complication of pathological femoral fracture.

Interventions:
Treatment with low-dose sirolimus as an antiangiogenic agent was administered, combined with hip spica protection.

Outcomes:
The vascular lesion was reduced after about 6 months and the fracture site had healed around 2.5 years after initiation of sirolimus therapy. There were no drug adverse effects at the 5-year follow-up point. The patient showed excellent spirit and no obvious sequelae were found.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful use of sirolimus in a patient with a pathological femoral fracture related to BRBNS complications.
A case report on a child with fracture and dislocation of the upper cervical spine accompanied by spinal cord injury
Authors: Zeng Jiayu , Jiang Hua , Zhuo Yingquan , Xu Yongkang , Deng Zhigang 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
This study describes an 8-year-old boy with a C2 fracture and dislocation with a left C2–C3 articular process interlocking and spinal cord injury who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using the posterior cervical approach and achieved satisfactory results.

Patient concerns:
An 8-year-old boy underwent an emergency transfer from a previous hospital after a car accident.

Diagnoses:
Axial fracture and dislocation with spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association grade C), traumatic shock, brain contusion, intracranial hemorrhage, mandibular fracture, pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage, left vertebral artery stenosis, and multiple fractures throughout the body. Radiological examination revealed a fracture of the lower edge of the C2 vertebral body, fourth-degree anterior spondylolisthesis of the C2 vertebral body, interlocking of the left C2–C3 articular processes, widening of the C2–C3 vertebral space, and occlusion of the V1 and 2 segments of the left vertebral artery.

Interventions:
The boy was immediately intubated and transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit for rescue treatment. However, the reduction was unsuccessful with 2 weeks of cranial traction. Thus, an open reduction was performed under general anesthesia. One month after the surgery, the boy was discharged from the hospital on foot after rehabilitation treatment.

Outcomes:
The boy was discharged from the hospital 1 month after surgery. At the 8-month follow-up, a radiological examination showed that the corrected C2 vertebral body fracture and dislocation were satisfactorily reduced, and the spinal cord was adequately decompressed. The internal fixation position was also good, and the spinal sequence had recovered well. In summary, except for the muscle strength of the right upper limb, which was slightly worse, the other clinical symptoms were significantly improved.

Lessons:
In treating cervical fracture and dislocation with unilateral facet lock, the posterior open reduction of pedicle screw and lateral mass screw internal fixation achieved satisfactory results. Consequently, treating complex cervical spine injuries in children requires an accurate diagnosis and careful treatment strategy.
Smoking cessation rates in elderly and nonelderly smokers after participating in an intensive care smoking cessation camp
Authors: Lee Jae-Kyeong , Kim Yu-Il , Kweon Sun-Seog , Oh In-Jae , Kwon Yong-Soo , Shin Hong-Joon , Choe Yu-Ri , Park Ha-Young , Na Young-Ok , Park Hwa-Kyung 
Published: August 2022

Since it is a widely known fact that smoking cessation is beneficial physically and cognitively, efforts should be made to enable smokers to quit smoking through policy. Intensive care smoking cessation camps generally show a high smoking cessation success rate, but research is needed to determine which smokers should be admitted due to costeffectiveness. Although many studies have been conducted to find factors related to smoking cessation success, there is still controversy about the will and success rate of smoking cessation of elderly smokers. We performed this study to determine behavior characteristics and smoking cessation success rates in nonelderly and elderly smokers who participated in an intensive care smoking cessation camp.
Heavy smokers participating in an intensive care smoking cessation camp at Chonnam National University Hospital between the August 2015 and December 2017 were classified into elderly (age ≥65 years old) or nonelderly (age <65 years old) groups after excluding missing data. Smokers were followed up at 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months from the start of abstinence by self-report, measurement of carbon monoxide expiration levels or cotinine testing.
A total of 351 smokers were enrolled in the study. At the 6-month follow-up, 56 of 107 (52.3%) elderly smokers and 109 of 244 (44.7%) nonelderly smokers continued to abstain from smoking. Elderly smokers showed a higher smoking cessation rate than that of nonelderly smokers, but it was not statistically significant (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 0.862, 2.145). The most common causes of cessation failure in both groups were stress and temptation, followed by withdrawal symptoms.
Smoking cessation rates in the elderly are comparable to that in the nonelderly after an intensive care smoking cessation camp. Intensive care smoking cessation camps can help both elderly and nonelderly smokers who intend to quit smoking by providing motivation, education and medication. Smoking cessation should be strongly recommended regardless of age.
Diagnostic Yield of Cardiac Biomarker Testing in Predicting Cardiac Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the Pandemic Era
Authors: Kelly Michael S. , Fernandes Neil D. , Carr Audrey V. , Beaute Jeanette I. , Lahoud-Rahme Manuella , Cummings Brian M. , Chiu Joanne S. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to assess whether elevations in cardiac biomarkers are associated with pediatric cardiac diagnoses in the era of COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Study Design
This single-center retrospective study analyzed children with a troponin drawn in the emergency department or inpatient unit between April 21 and December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was the presence of a cardiac diagnosis or MIS-C. Relationships among demographics, complaint, cardiac diagnostics, and cardiac biomarkers were analyzed.

Results
Four hundred eighty-six patients (mean ± SD; age 13.1 ± 7.8 years; 46.7% women) met inclusion criteria, for whom a cardiac diagnosis (excluding MIS-C) was made in 27 (5.6%) patients, with MIS-C diagnosed in 14 (2.9%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of an elevated initial high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTropT) value (>14 ng/L) in predicting the composite outcome of a cardiac diagnosis or MIS-C were 54% and 89%, respectively. Four percent of patients with negative initial troponin values were found to have a cardiac diagnosis or MIS-C. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that elevated hsTropT (>14 ng/L; odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval]: 4.9 [1.70–14.0]) and elevated N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide values (>500 pg/mL; 6.4 [2.01–20.1]) were associated with increased odds of a cardiac diagnosis or MIS-C.

Conclusions
Children with elevated cardiac biomarkers have increased odds of a cardiac diagnosis or MIS-C and warrant workup regardless of indication for testing. Although a negative hsTropT may reassure providers, further investigation is critical in developing algorithms to reliably exclude cardiac disease.
Study on Overdenture of Immediate Implant Placement and Function
Authors: Luo Shenglei , Fu Chengyan , Wei Hengli , Zhao Bo 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the bone remodelling and resorption in immediate implantation and restoration of clinical implant-supported overdentures.

Materials and Methods:
Six adult domestic dogs were divided into 2 groups: In the experimental group, 6 implants were immediately placed in each mandible, the distal end implants were inclined distal to the long axis of the tooth at an angle of 30 degrees, and restored immediately. As the control group, the animals underwent immediate implant placement with single denture restoration, respectively, nontilting and tilting at 30 degrees in the long axis of the tooth. The osseointegration index (OI) and rate of bone ingrowth fraction were measured, and the peri-implant bone remodelling was observed. The marginal bone loss was measured in the slices of bone-implant and analyzed.

Results:
New bone regenerated and had remodelled in each group. The experimental group had no statistically significant differences, when compared with other groups, except the tilted implant control group, in terms of the OI and bone ingrowth fraction.

Conclusion:
Obvious bone absorption did not statistically significantly occur in implant-supported overdenture of immediate implant placement and function with satisfactory new bone and OI.
Better Operating Room Ventilation as Determined by a Novel Ventilation Index is Associated With Lower Rates of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Surial Bernard , Atkinson Andrew , Külpmann Rüdiger , Brunner Arnold , Hildebrand Kurt , Sicre Benoît , Troillet Nicolas , Widmer Andreas , Rolli Eveline , Maag Judith , Marschall Jonas 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The aim was to assess the impact of operating room (OR) ventilation quality on surgical site infections (SSIs) using a novel ventilation index.

Background:
Previous studies compared laminar air flow with conventional ventilation, thereby ignoring many parameters that influence air flow properties.

Methods:
In this cohort study, we surveyed hospitals participating in the Swiss SSI surveillance and calculated a ventilation index for their ORs, with higher values reflecting less turbulent air displacement. For procedures captured between January 2017 and December 2019, we studied the association between ventilation index and SSI rates using linear regression (hospital-level analysis) and with the individual SSI risk using generalized linear mixed-effects models (patient-level analysis).

Results:
We included 47 hospitals (182 ORs). Among the 163,740 included procedures, 6791 SSIs were identified. In hospital-level analyses, a 5-unit increase in the ventilation index was associated with lower SSI rates for knee and hip arthroplasty (−0.41 infections per 100 procedures, 95% confidence interval: −0.69 to −0.13), cardiac (−0.89, −1.91 to 0.12), and spine surgeries (−1.15, −2.56 to 0.26). Similarly, patient-level analyses showed a lower SSI risk with each 5-unit increase in ventilation index (adjusted odds ratio 0.71, confidence interval: 0.58–0.87 for knee and hip; 0.72, 0.49–1.06 for spine; 0.82, 0.69–0.98 for cardiac surgery). Higher index values were mainly associated with a lower risk for superficial and deep incisional SSIs.

Conclusions:
Better ventilation properties, assessed with our ventilation index, are associated with lower rates of superficial and deep incisional SSIs in orthopedic and cardiac procedures. OR ventilation quality appeared to be less relevant for other surgery types.
Antibody feedback regulation of memory B cell development in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Schaefer-Babajew Dennis , Wang Zijun , Muecksch Frauke , Cho Alice , Raspe Raphael , Johnson Brianna , Canis Marie , DaSilva Justin , Ramos Victor , Turroja Martina , Millard Katrina G. , Schmidt Fabian , Dizon Juan , Shimelovich Irina , Yao Kai-Hui , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Gazumyan Anna , Gaebler Christian , Bieniasz Paul D. , Hatziioannou Theodora , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFeedback inhibition of humoral immunity by antibodies was initially documented in guinea pigs by Theobald Smith in 1909, who showed that passive administration of excess anti-Diphtheria toxin inhibited immune responses1. Subsequent work documented that antibodies can enhance or inhibit immune responses depending on antibody isotype, affinity, the physical nature of the antigen, and engagement of immunoglobulin (Fc) and complement (C’) receptors2, 3. However, little is known about how pre-existing antibodies might influence the subsequent development of memory B cells. Here we examined the memory B cell response in individuals who received two high-affinity IgG1 anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monoclonal antibodies, C144-LS and C135-LS, and subsequently two doses of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The two antibodies target Class 2 and 3 epitopes that dominate the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination4–8. Antibody responses to the vaccine in C144-LS and C135-LS recipients produced plasma antigen binding and neutralizing titers that were fractionally lower but not statistically different to controls. In contrast, memory B cells enumerated by flow cytometry after the second vaccine dose were present in higher numbers than in controls. However, the memory B cells that developed in antibody recipients differed from controls in that they were not enriched in VH3-53, VH1-46 and VH3-66 genes and predominantly expressed low-affinity IgM antibodies that carried small numbers of somatic mutations. These antibodies showed altered RBD target specificity consistent with epitope masking, and only 1 out of 77 anti-RBD memory antibodies tested neutralized the virus. The results indicate that pre-existing high-affinity antibodies bias memory B cell selection and have a profound effect on the development of immunological memory in humans that may in part explain the shifting target profile of memory antibodies elicited by the 3rd mRNA vaccine dose.
Multifactorial Methods Integrating Haplotype and Epistasis Effects for Genomic Estimation and Prediction of Quantitative Traits
Authors: Da Yang , Liang Zuoxiang , Prakapenka Dzianis 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth in genomic selection data provides unprecedented opportunities to discover and utilize complex genetic effects for improving phenotypes but methodology is lacking. Epistasis effects are interaction effects and haplotype effects may contain local high-order epistasis effects. Multifactorial methods with SNP, haplotype and epistasis effects up to the third-order are developed to investigate the contributions of global low-order and local high-order epistasis effects to the phenotypic variance and the accuracy of gnomic prediction of quantitative traits. These methods include genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) with associated reliability for individuals with and without phenotypic observations including a computationally efficient GBLUP method for large validation populations, and genomic restricted maximum estimation (GREML) of the variance and associated heritability using a combination of EM-REML and AI-REML iterative algorithms. These methods were developed for two models, Model-I with 10 effect types, and Model-II with 13 effect types including intra- and inter-chromosome pairwise epistasis effects that replace the pairwise epistasis effects of Model-I. GREML heritability estimate and GBLUP effect estimate for each effect of an effect type are derived except for third-order epistasis effects. The multifactorial models evaluate each effect type based on the phenotypic values adjusted for the remaining effect types and can use more effect types than separate models of SNP, haplotype and epistasis effects; and provide a methodology capability to evaluate the contributions of complex genetic effects to the phenotypic variance and prediction accuracy, and to discover and utilize complex genetic effects for improving the phenotypes of quantitative traits.
High-throughput mass spectrometry maps the sepsis plasma proteome and differences in response
Authors: Mi Yuxin , Burnham Katie L , Charles Philip D , Heilig Raphael , Vendrell Iolanda , Whalley Justin , Torrance Hew D , Antcliffe David B , May Shaun M , Neville Matt J , Berridge Georgina , Hutton Paula , Goh Cyndi , Radhakrishnan Jayachandran , Nesvizhskii Alexey , Yu Fengchao ,   GAinS Investigators, Davenport Emma E , McKechnie Stuart , Davies Roger , O’Callaghan David JP , Patel Parind , Karpe Fredrik , Gordon Anthony C , Ackland Gareth L , Hinds Charles J , Fischer Roman , Knight Julian C 
Published: August 2022

SummarySepsis, the dysregulated host response to infection causing life-threatening organ dysfunction, is an unmet global health challenge. Here we apply high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry to delineate the plasma proteome for sepsis and comparator groups (non-infected critical illness, post-operative inflammation and healthy volunteers) involving 2622 samples and 4553 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses in a single batch, at 100 samples/day. We show how this scale of data can establish shared and specific proteins, pathways and co-expression modules in sepsis, and be integrated with paired leukocyte transcriptomic data (n=837 samples) using matrix decomposition. We map the landscape of the host response in sepsis including changes over time, and identify features relating to etiology, clinical phenotypes and severity. This work reveals novel subphenotypes informative for sepsis response state, disease processes and outcome, highlights potential biomarkers, pathways and processes for drug targets, and advances a systems-based precision medicine approach to sepsis.
A discrete choice experiment to understand depression intervention treatment preferences of Kenyan pregnant adolescents
Authors: Kumar Manasi , Tele Albert , Kathono Joseph , Nyongesa Vincent , Yator Obadia , Mwaniga Shillah , Huang Keng Yen , McKay Mary , Lai Joanna , Levy Marcy , Cuijpers Pim , Quaife Matthew , Unutzer Jurgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding mental health treatment preferences of adolescents and youth is particularly important for interventions to be acceptable and successful. Person-centered care mandates empowering individuals to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment to quantitatively measure adolescent treatment preferences for different care characteristics and explore tradeoffs between these. A total of 153 pregnant adolescents were recruited from two primary healthcare facilities in the informal urban settlement of Nairobi. We selected eight attributes of depression treatment option models drawn from literature review and previous qualitative work. We created a balanced and orthogonal design to identify main term effects. A total of ten choice tasks were solicited per respondent. We evaluated mean preferences using mixed logit models to adjust for within subject correlation and account for unobserved heterogeneity.ResultsRespondents showed a positive preference that caregivers be provided with information sheets, as opposed to co-participation with caregivers. With regards to treatment options, the respondents showed a positive preference for 8 sessions as compared to 4 sessions. With regards to intervention delivery agents, the respondents had a positive preference for facility nurses as compared to community health volunteers. In terms of support, the respondents showed positive preference for parenting skills as compared to peer support. Our respondents expressed negative preferences of ANC service combined with older mothers as compared to adolescent friendly services and of being offered refreshments alone. A positive preference was revealed for combined refreshments and travel allowance over travel allowance or refreshments alone.ConclusionThis study highlights unique needs of this population. Pregnant adolescents value depression care services offered by nurses Participants shared a preference for longer psychotherapy sessions and their preference was to have adolescent centered maternal mental health and child health services within primary care.