bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacy resident research programming at a community health system: Challenges, quality improvement, and outcomes
Authors: Hyland Sara J. , Musch Kellie L.E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionNumerous barriers exist to providing high‐yield pharmacy resident research programming, especially at community health systems where research expertise and resources may be limited.ObjectivesTo describe a feasible educational program structure that other community health system pharmacy residency programs could implement to improve resident research and scholarship skills, and to explore the impact of the programming on indicators of resident preparedness in research activities and system‐wide pharmacist scholarship.MethodsWe pursued a retrospective quality improvement study of a single community health system's experience with implementing and refining a longitudinal pharmacy resident research educational program. The program began at a single site in 2017 and expanded to a system‐wide curriculum that now serves 22 residents annually across five hospitals. Structured as quarterly, system‐level, single‐day workshops, the educational program is designed to supplement and support site‐level rotations through hands‐on learning of high‐yield skillsets. Assessed indicators of program success included resident survey evaluations of perceived program value and resident preparedness, pharmacist performance in the annual enterprise‐wide research competition, and rate of system pharmacist‐authored publications.ResultsA refined pharmacy resident research program is described, including challenges and worked solutions to success. Residents consistently rate the value of the learning experience highly and endorse favorable readiness for future research endeavors after residency (modes of 4‐5 on 5‐point Likert scale). The percentage of pharmacist winners of the annual research competition increased from 9% in 2014 to 100% in 2022. The annual rate of pharmacist‐authored publications increased from 0 to 1 per year before 2014 to 17 in the calendar year 2021.ConclusionCommunity health‐system pharmacy residency programs can provide high‐yield educational programming to equip residents with desired research and scholarship skills through creative and collaborative solutions to identified barriers. Health systems may also realize broader scholarly outputs from pharmacists and preceptors by supporting and lateralizing pharmacy resident research programming.
Electrical field stimulated modulation of cell fate of pre‐osteoblasts on PVDF/BT/MWCNT based electroactive biomaterials
Authors: Bhaskar Nitu , Kachappilly Midhun C. , Bhushan Venkatesh , Pandya Hardik J. , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study reports the impact of the interplay between electroactive properties of the biomaterials and electrical stimulation (ES) toward the cell proliferation, migration and maturation of osteoprogenitors (preosteoblasts; MC3T3‐E1) on the electroactive poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)‐based composites. The barium titanate (BaTiO3; BT; 30 wt%) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT; 3 wt%) were introduced into the PVDF via melt mixing, which led to an enhancement of the dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity, and surface roughness. We also present the design and development of an in‐house customized 12‐well plate‐based device for providing different types (DC, square, biphasic) of ES to cells in culture in a programmable manner. In the presence of ES of 1 V cm−1, biophysical stimulation experiments performed using 12‐well plate‐based device revealed that PVDF composite (PVDF/30BT/3MWCNT) can facilitate the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of the MC3T3‐E1 in non‐osteogenic media, with respect to non‐stimulated conditions. Importantly, MC3T3‐E1 cells demonstrated significantly better migration and differentiation on the PVDF/30BT/3MWCNT under ES when compared to ES‐free culture conditions. Similar enhancement with respect to alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and calcium deposition in MC3T3‐E1 cells was recorded, when pre‐osteoblasts were grown for 21 days on electroactive substrates. All these observations supported the activation of osteo‐differentiation fates, which were further promoted in the osteogenic medium. The present study demonstrates that the synergistic interactions of ES with piezoelectric PVDF‐based polymer composite can potentially enhance the proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of the pre‐osteoblast cells, rendering it a promising bioengineering strategy for bone tissue engineering.
The facilitating effect of physiological self‐tracking on organ donation
Authors: Hoang Chi , Ng Sharon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEncouraging people to donate their organs is not an easy endeavor. Globally, the percentage of organ donors is low. Prior research shows that one of the major impediments to organ donation is the perception that donating an organ is equivalent to giving up part of the self. Such a perception may be mitigated by physiological self‐tracking though. Findings from three studies reveal that physiological self‐tracking facilitates greater acceptance of and encourages organ donation. This happens because a focus on one's physiological data, as part of the self‐tracking process, leads consumers to view their body as distinct from their self (i.e., self–body dualism). Consequently, people are less likely to equate donating organs with losing a part of themselves. The findings suggest that encouraging greater use of self‐trackers may help people overcome their organ donation inhibitions.
Diagnosis, prevalence, and outcomes of sarcopenia in kidney transplantation recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Zhi , Shi Wei , Zou Min , Zeng Qi‐Shan , Feng Yue , Luo Zhen‐Yi , Gan Hua‐Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of sarcopenia and its clinical predictors and clinical impact vary among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), in part because of different diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to assess the reported diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia and compare them in terms of prevalence, clinical predictors, and impact of sarcopenia. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for the full‐length reports published until 28 January 2022. The subgroup analysis, meta‐regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2. A total of 681 studies were retrieved, among which only 23 studies (including 2535 subjects, 59.7% men, mean age 49.8 years) were eventually included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence in these included studies was 26% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 20–34%, I2 = 93.45%], including 22% (95% CI: 14–32%, I2 = 88.76%) in men and 27% (95% CI: 14–41%, I2 = 90.56%) in women (P = 0.554 between subgroups). The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed using low muscle mass was 34% (95% CI: 21–48%, I2 = 95.28%), and the prevalence of using low muscle mass in combination with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance was 21% (95% CI: 15–28%, I2 = 90.37%) (P = 0.08 between subgroups). In meta‐regression analyses, the mean age (regression coefficient: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.991–1.011) and percentage male (regression coefficient: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.367–1.950) could not predict the effect size. Lower body mass index (odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.84, I2 = 61.5%), female sex (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61, I2 = 0.0%), and higher age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10, I2 = 10.1%) were significantly associated with a higher risk for sarcopenia in KTRs, but phase angle (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.16–4.26, I2 = 84.5%) was not associated with sarcopenia in KTRs. Sarcopenia was not associated with rejections (risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.23–1.92, I2 = 12.1%), infections (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.34–3.12, I2 = 87.4%), delayed graft functions (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.46–1.43, I2 = 0.0%), and death (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.32–2.82, I2 = 0.0%) in KRTs. Sarcopenia was found to be very common in KRTs. However, we have not found that sarcopenia had a negative impact on clinical health after kidney transplantation. Large study cohorts and multicentre longitudinal studies in the future are urgently needed to explore the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.
Preparation and water/oil separation of super‐hydrophobic biomass adsorbent based on three‐dimensional graphene aerogel
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Dandan , Huang Kangkang , Tan Shaozao , Huang Langhuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater pollution caused by oil spills and organic solvents have seriously affected the quality of the environment, so the development of green and recyclable oil adsorbents with excellent properties has drawn massive attention from researchers. In this work, bamboo powder (BP) and reduced graphene oxide (GO) were used as raw materials to create a bamboo fiber/graphene aerogel (BGA) aerogel by a green one‐pot hydrothermal method. Then, a three‐dimensional aerogel super‐hydrophobic modified bamboo fiber/graphene aerogel (H@BGA) with super‐hydrophobic properties and a high adsorption capacity was synthesized by using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) as hydrophobic modification reagent. In this unique ternary aerogel, both bamboo powder and HDTMS could improve the hydrophobicity of the aerogel. Furthermore, the uniformly interspersed bamboo fibers facilitated the exfoliation of graphene, constructing abundant pores and endowing the sample with a large specific area and excellent mechanical properties. The as‐prepared H@BGA featured low density, high specific surface area, super‐hydrophobicity (WCA = 151.5°), and high adsorption capacity (55–123 g g−1). In addition, the adsorption capacity of H@BGA could remain above 95% after 8 cycles of the adsorption/desorption process. Overall, the aerogel has broad application prospects in the field of water/oil separation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Novelty in fossil fuel carbon abatement technologies in the 21st Century: post‐combustion carbon capture
Authors: Joel Atuman Samaila , Isa Yusuf Makarfi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA global net zero target by mid‐century and keeping the maximum global temperature rise to below 1.5 °C was agreed by nearly 200 nations at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change advises that emission cuts by 45% are needed by 2030 in order to maintain the global temperature rise below the 1.5 °C target. To achieve this target, it is necessary to investigate technological options that are economically viable and globally acceptable for commercial deployment. This review paper looks at the new technologies needed to reduce CO2 emission and to motivate commercial deployment, considering that the commercial deployment of CO2 has been slowed down as a result of high capital and operating expenses which invariably increase the cost of energy. The paper presents a review on early years of process intensification technologies as well as a discussion on potential new process intensification options for CO2 capture, with suggestions on how to modify those technologies for suitable application to solvent‐based carbon capture. The work further discusses current process intensification technologies used for CO2 capture applications. Solvent developments for enhancing CO2 capture also are discussed as they contribute to cutting down the sizes of the units as well as decreasing the cost of regeneration which leads to reduction in capital and operating costs. A process flow diagram using a mop fan for capture of CO2 from buildings is proposed. In addition, a new flow diagram is proposed for using loop reactor technology to capture CO2 from large point sources, and finally a new process diagram using rotating packed bed absorber combined with sono‐assisted regenerator is presented for improved performance of CO2 capture technology. Recommendations on these diagrams are made to help ensure transition toward the net zero target. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Students’ perceptions on shadowing during COVID‐19 and an exploration of innovative solutions for clinical exposure
Authors: Nanji Alisha , Nanji Natasha , Eidelman Alec S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectiveThe objective of this project was to evaluate the perceptions of predental students’ shadowing experiences during a pandemic and further, explore innovative solutions that can be implemented to ensure that shadowing opportunities are equitable and accessible.MethodsData was collected via the Web 2.0 social media platform, Instagram (owned by Meta Platforms, Inc.) from 122 participants attending college in North America and are on the predental track: freshman (N = 11), sophomores (N = 25), juniors (N = 30), seniors (N = 34) and recent college graduates (N = 22). Participants completed a survey consisting of 20 questions.ResultsResults showed that the pandemic disrupted traditional shadowing methods; students turned to various virtual platforms, such as YouTube and Zoom, to obtain shadowing experiences. There was an increase in the number of students who shadowed virtually during the pandemic versus pre‐COVID‐19. The majority of the respondents (80%) agreed that dental schools have not provided sufficient guidance on how to approach shadowing during a pandemic.ConclusionInnovative shadowing platforms should be implemented in order to help college students explore careers within dentistry and beyond. The development of a standardized virtual shadowing program with clear guidelines can increase equity and accessibility.
Comparative analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.2.12.1 and BA.5.2 variants
Authors: Ong Chon Phin , Ye Zi‐Wei , Tang Kaiming , Liang Ronghui , Xie Yubin , Zhang Hongzhuo , Qin Zhenzhi , Sun Haoran , Wang Tong‐Yun , Cheng Yun , Chu Hin , Chan Jasper F.‐W. , Jin Dong‐Yan , Yuan Shuofeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron subvariants, BA.1 and BA.2, are being progressively displaced by BA.5 in many countries. To provide insight on the replacement of BA.2 by BA.5 as the dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 variant, we performed a comparative analysis of Omicron BA.2.12.1 and BA.5.2 variants in cell culture and hamster models. We found that BA.5.2 exhibited enhanced replicative kinetics over BA.2.12.1 in vitro and in vivo, which is evidenced by the dominant BA.5.2 viral genome detected at different time points, regardless of immune selection pressure with vaccine‐induced serum antibodies. Utilizing reverse genetics, we constructed a mutant SARS‐CoV‐2 carrying spike F486V substitution, which is an uncharacterized mutation that concurrently discriminates Omicron BA.5.2 from BA.2.12.1 variant. We noticed that the 486th residue does not confer viral replication advantage to the virus. We also found that 486V displayed generally reduced immune evasion capacity when compared with its predecessor, 486F. However, the surge of fitness in BA.5.2 over BA.2.12.1 was not due to stand‐alone F486V substitution but as a result of the combination of multiple mutations. Our study upholds the urgency for continuous monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants with enhanced replication fitness.
Balancing after randomization in orthopedic trials: Are we even or even paying attention?
Authors: Landy David C. , Joiner Josh , Conley Caitlin E. , Stone Austin V. , Jacobs Cale A. , Stromberg Arnold J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA cornerstone of evidence‐based medicine is the randomized controlled trial (RCT). While randomization seeks to balance study groups on potential confounders, this is not always achieved. Especially in orthopedic research where RCTs are often of modest size, imbalances can exist and may be a significant issue. We sought to describe whether orthopedic RCTs assess balancing between study groups, use statistical hypothesis testing to compare baseline characteristics between groups, and have balanced baseline characteristics between groups. All RCTs from four leading orthopedic journals published between July 2019 and June 2020 were identified and those reporting original trial results reviewed for discussion of balancing, use of statistical significance testing to compare baseline characteristics, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) at baseline. Standardized mean differences of baseline PROMs were calculated to assess balancing. Of 86 orthopedic RCTs reviewed, 59 (69%) assessed balancing and 50 (58%) used statistical significance testing to compare baseline characteristics. Of 74 articles specifying a primary outcome, 33 (45%) used a PROM with 23 (70%) reporting baseline PROM values. Of these articles, 17 (74%) had a difference of less than 0.25 standard deviations (SDs) between groups, 4 (17%) had a difference of between 0.25 and 0.50 SDs, and 3 (13%) had a difference greater than 0.5 SDs. Orthopedic RCTs usually assess balancing after randomization though there is room for improvement with over half of articles using hypothesis testing to assess baseline differences as opposed to a measure of the magnitude of the difference.
The effect of HydroSpacer implant placement on the wear of opposing and adjacent cartilage
Authors: Damen Alicia H. A. , Schuiringa Gerke H. , Ito Keita , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA HydroSpacer implant, that is, a swelling hydrogel confined by a spacer fabric, was developed to repair focal cartilage defects and to prevent progression into osteoarthritis. The present study evaluated the effect of implant placement height in an osteochondral (OC) plug on wear of the opposing and adjacent cartilage. Three‐dimensional warp‐knitted spacer fabrics, polycaprolactone with poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) pile yarns, were filled with a hyaluronic acid methacrylate and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate hydrogel. After polymerization of the hydrogel, these HydroSpacers were implanted in OC defects (ø 6 mm) created in bovine OC plugs (ø 10 mm) and allowed to swell to equilibrium. A custom‐made pin‐on‐plate wear apparatus was used to apply simultaneous compression and sliding against bovine cartilage. Cartilage damage, visualized with Indian ink, was only seen for the group in which the HydroSpacer was placed flush with the surrounding cartilage. A significant increase on average surface roughness of the sliding path compared to the adjacent cartilage confirmed surface damage for this group. When the implants were recessed (with and without extra hydrogel layer on top of the implant), this damage was not observed, but the cartilage surrounding the implants was compressed (without damage) indicating substantial load sharing with the implant. Furthermore, it was shown that all defects treated with a HydroSpacer implant resulted in shear forces comparable to intact cartilage. Clinical significance: The present study suggests that placing a HydroSpacer implant recessed into the surrounding cartilage would decrease wear of the opposing cartilage. Altogether, this study supports the development of textile‐constraining hydrogels for cartilage replacement.
Using the BigMouth repository for periodontal medicine: Breaking the chains?
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Decker Ann , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo achieve the ultimate therapeutic reality of disease prevention, we must first conduct a thorough review of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases concomitant with their mechanistic, predisposing, and precipitating factors to address the present oral/systemic needs of our patients.MethodsAn innovative dental research patient data repository (RPDR) named BigMouth was successfully launched in August 2012 with data on more than 4.5 million patients seen in 11 dental schools (members of the Consortium of Oral Health Research and Informatics, COHRI).ResultsLevel 1 data access allots researchers with count data that may be used to formulate and test initial hypotheses based on preliminary data trends. Level 2 access gives more detailed, patient‐level information with full periodontal charts. Of note, radiographic data were not accessible at the time of writing this manuscript.ConclusionAs we support the use of these innovative “big data” tools for exploratory use, we bring to the forefront the purposeful intention to (1) not overproject unsubstantiated relationships and (2) simultaneously pursue grounding of the mechanistic underpinnings of found associations.
Dephytinization of wheat and rice bran by cross‐linked enzyme aggregates of Mucor indicus phytase: a viable prospect for food and feed industries
Authors: Venkataraman Swethaa , Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDNovel feeds for improved feed intake and for enhanced nutrient bioavailability have recently attracted attention. Insoluble dietary fibers, especially rice and wheat bran, have generated much interest due to their nutritional value. Incorporating insoluble dietary fiber into diets could be a viable way to maximize the feed conversion ratio.RESULTSCross‐linked phytase aggregates (CLPA) were synthesized by precipitating enzymes followed by cross‐linking with 5 mmol L−1 glutaraldehyde, yielding 88.24 (U g−1) of enzyme load without the assistance of a proteic feeder. The epitome of the study is the dephosphorylation of wheat bran and rice bran by varying pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature. The highest inorganic phosphorus liberation by 150 U L‐‐1of free phytase was 23.72 (wheat bran) and 48.08 mg g−1 (rice bran) after 12 h of incubation. Furthermore, 150 U L‐1 of CLPA liberated 28.72 (wheat bran) and 52.08 mg g−1 (rice bran) of inorganic phosphorus with an incubation time of 12 h.CONCLUSIONThermostable free phytase was insolubilized to dephosphorylate the agro‐residue, namely, wheat bran and rice bran, to reduce the anti‐nutritional factor (the phytate content) of these insoluble dietary fibers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Realization of Bound States in the Continuum in Anti‐PT‐Symmetric Optical Systems: A Proposal and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Feng Ziyao , Sun Xiankai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel physical concepts that originate from quantum mechanics, such as non‐Hermitian systems (dealing mostly with PT and anti‐PT symmetry) and bound states in the continuum (BICs), have attracted great interest in the optics and photonics community. To date, BICs and anti‐PT symmetry seem to be two independent topics. Here, a parallel cascaded‐resonator system is proposed for the first time to achieve BICs and anti‐PT symmetry simultaneously. It is found that the requirements for the Fabry–Pérot BIC and anti‐PT symmetry can both be satisfied when the phase shift between any two adjacent resonators is an integer multiple of π. The cascaded‐resonator systems consisting of different numbers of resonators are further analyzed and their robustness to fabrication imperfections is demonstrated. The proposed structure can readily be realized on an integrated photonic platform, and can enable many applications that benefit from the advantages of both BICs and anti‐PT symmetry, such as optical delay and storage, all‐optical nonlinear processing, high‐sensitivity sensing, and chiral mode switching.