bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of cell‐virus, cell‐cell, gene‐gene crosstalk among animal kingdom at single cell resolution
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Ou Zhihua , Zhu Jiacheng , Wang Haoyu , Ding Peiwen , Luo Lihua , Ding Xiangning , Sun Chengcheng , Lan Tianming , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Wu Weiying , Yuan Yuting , Wu Wendi , Qiu Jiaying , Zhu Yixin , Yue Qizhen , Jia Yi , Wei Yanan , Qin Qiuyu , Li Runchu , Zhao Wandong , Lv Zhiyuan , Pu Mingyi , Lv Boqiong , Yang Shangchen , Chang Ashley , Wei Xiaofeng , Chen Fengzhen , Yang Tao , Wei Zhenyong , Yang Fan , Zhang Peijing , Guo Guoji , Li Yuejiao , Hua Yan , Liu Huan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe exact animal origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission.MethodsHerein, we applied single‐cell sequencing to multiple tissues of 20 species (30 data sets) and integrated them with public resources (45 data sets covering 26 species) to expand the virus receptor distribution investigation. While the binding affinity between virus and receptor is essential for viral infectivity, understanding the receptor distribution could predict the permissive organs and tissues when infection occurs.ResultsBased on the transcriptomic data, the expression profiles of receptor or associated entry factors for viruses capable of causing respiratory, blood, and brain diseases were described in detail. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing fundamental cell‐cell and gene‐gene cross‐talks from reptiles to humans.ConclusionsOverall, our study provides a resource of the single‐cell atlas of the animal kingdom which could help to identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of viruses and reveal the host‐virus co‐evolution.
Performance analysis of 400 Gbit/s hybrid space division multiplexing‐polarization division multiplexing‐coherent detection‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based free‐space optics transmission system
Authors: Samuthira Pandi V. , Singh Mehtab , Grover Amit , Malhotra Jyoteesh , Singh Sandeep 
Published: August 2022

SummaryA high‐capacity free‐space optics‐based terrestrial communication link using spectral‐efficient space division multiplexing and polarization division multiplexing techniques has been proposed in this research work. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with the use of coherent detection has been proposed for the transmission of quadrature amplitude modulated high‐speed signals. Eight independent 50‐Gbit/s data streams are transported by two orthogonal polarization states (X and Y) of four distinct Hermite–Gaussian spatial modes to increase the transmission rate of the link to 400 Gbit/s over a single channel. Through numerical simulations, we report feasible transportation of 400‐Gbit/s information at 10 km under clear weather with faithful performance. Further, the impact of atmospheric scintillation and fog weather has been evaluated using simulations. The results report that the maximum range reduces to 6 km under clear weather in the presence of strong atmospheric scintillation. Moreover, the maximum range of 2000, 1700, and 1300 m is reported for light, moderate, and heavy fog conditions respectively.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Indolizidines
Authors: Fraňová Paula , Marchalín Štefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince their discovery, polyhydroxylated indolizidines have been the focus of attention for both biologists and synthetic chemists. They are classified as iminosugar alkaloids: nitrogen‐based carbohydrate mimetics that are potent inhibitors of glycosidases. Many discovered glycosidase inhibitors were found to possess biological activity, and they are therefore considered to be potential therapeutics in the treatment of various diseases such as viral infections, diabetes, or cancer. Not surprisingly, the interest in the preparation of these substances has been enormous. This review presents the latest developments in the synthesis of naturally occurring polyhydroxylated indolizidines and their synthetic enantiomers. In addition, the synthesis of several novel polyhydroxylated indolizidines, which were discovered to have inhibitory activity, is reported.
Human herpesvirus 6 DNA was not detected in a brain specimen from a patient with mesial temporal sclerosis after status epilepticus due to human herpesvirus 6 infection
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiki , Maesawa Satoshi , Numoto Shingo , Saito Ryuta , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe performed virological analysis of resected brain tissues from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis after febrile status epilepticus caused by human herpesvirus 6 infection. The patient had febrile status epilepticus at 9 months of age associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced water diffusion in the right temporal lobe and hippocampus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected 1.6 × 105 copies/μg of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in whole blood, but none in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient developed temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis at 67 months of age, necessitating surgical treatment. Anterior temporal lobectomy was performed at 171 months of age. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis of resected brain tissues revealed no viral DNA. In our patient, human herpesvirus 6 infection triggered febrile status epilepticus, while direct evidence to prove contribution of HHV‐6 to the development of MTS was not obtained.
Comparative analysis of fuel consumption and CO2 emission estimation based on ships activity and reported fuel consumption: the case of short sea shipping in Crete
Authors: Doundoulakis Emmanouil , Papaefthimiou Spiros 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions estimation and actual fuel consumption. A few years ago, detailed actual fuel consumption reports were collected from ship owners for determining the expenses on each trip but these reports were not publicly available. Nowadays ship owners report specific data including fuel consumption and CO2 emissions as per the requirements of EU MRV regulation. As a consequence, EMSA/MRV‐THETIS database is publicly available and provides annual reports of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The current study follows the bottom‐up methodology presented in detail in a recent publication where the fuel–energy consumption and air emissions (CO2, SOX, NOX, PM) of ships were calculated and presented for previous years. A detailed comparative analysis of results from calculated methodology and reported emissions data from EMSA/MRV‐THETIS database (MRV) was performed, which showed that there was a small difference in the results (about 6–12%), proving the reliability of the bottom‐up methodology for this geographic area and ships in study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late‐Triassic high‐Mg andesite from the Zhangguangcai Range (NEChina): Hydrous melting of depleted mantle wedge in active continental margin
Authors: Zheng Guoshun , Qin Jiangfeng , Lai Shaocong , Long Xiaoping , Ju Yinjuan , Zhang Zezhong , Zhang Hongbing 
Published: August 2022

The Zhangguangcai Range is located in the junction zone of the Palaeo‐Asian and Palaeo‐Pacific tectonic regimes; Mesozoic igneous rocks in this area are considered to have been formed in an active continental margin, which is related to the western subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. However, the nature of the mantle wedge and related melting mechanism remains unclear. This paper reports zircon U–Pb data, whole‐rock geochemistry, and zircon Lu–Hf isotope for a Late‐Triassic high‐Mg andesite in the southern part of the Zhangguangcai Range. Zircons from the andesite yield a concordant206Pb/238U age of 218.6 ± 3.3 Ma, which is contemporary with the diorite in the study area. The Lengshan high‐Mg andesite is characterized by moderate SiO2(57.30–60.15 wt.%), high Mg# (61–67), Al2O3(15.05–17.35 wt.%), (La/Yb)N(16.9–22.4), and variable Na2O/K2O (1.06–1.59). Its insignificant Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.88–0.99) and high Sr/Y (68.4–96.4) may prove the existence of garnet or amphibole in the residual melt, where feldspar is more or less absent. The andesite is enriched in Rb, Ba and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, and other high‐field‐strength elements, with Nb/Ta ratios of 14.6–17.2, U/Th ratios of 0.28–0.31. In combination with its depleted zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions (e.g.,εHf(t) = −0.48 to +13.1), it is proposed that the high‐Mg andesite formed by hydrous melting of the mantle wedge, which was metasomatized by slab‐derived adakitic melts. The subsequent assimilation of ancient crust results in the formation of some zircons with negative Eu*/Eu anomalies (0.05–0.1) andεHf(t) values (−13.8 to −18.5), which is approved by the relative evolved whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions.
The diagnostic yield of head and neck imaging in symptomatic patients with a normal clinical examination
Authors: Goodfellow Michael , Lim Christian , Tustin Harry , Mentias Youssef , Cocks Helen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimNationally, concern has been raised about the overuse of diagnostic testing. In patients with unilateral otalgia and no history of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), 1% had a malignancy detected on imaging that was not detected on clinical examination.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of “MRI soft tissue neck” scans performed at our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021. Patients were excluded if their scan was not ordered for HNC symptoms. Previous HNC patients undergoing follow‐up imaging were also included.ResultsIn total, 326 scan requests were analyzed. Of the 132 patients without clinical features of overt disease, only one received a new diagnosis of HNC. This patient had previously had a HNC and was undergoing routine follow‐up imaging.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that performing MRI scans in symptomatic patients with a normal examination, FNE, and no history of HNC does not benefit the diagnosis or management of these patients.
Prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm show anxiolytic‐like changes during periaqueductal‐elicited “panic” in rats
Authors: Silva Carlos , Young Calvin K. , McNaughton Neil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnxiety and panic are both elicited by threat and co‐occur clinically. But, at the neural level, anxiety appears to inhibit the generation of panic; and vice versa. Anxiety and panic are thought to engage more anterior (a) and mid‐posterior (m) parts of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), respectively. Anxiety also engages the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested if mPAG but not aPAG stimulation would suppress prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm as do anxiolytic drugs. Twelve male rats with implanted electrodes were stimulated alternately (30 s interval) in the left PAG or right reticular formation (reticularis pontis oralis [RPO]—as a positive control) with recording in the left prelimbic cortex and left and right hippocampus. PAG stimulation was set to produce freezing and RPO to produce 7–8 Hz theta rhythm before tests lasting 10 min on each of 5 days. mPAG stimulation decreased, and aPAG increased, theta power at all sites during elicited freezing. mPAG, but not aPAG, stimulation decreased prefrontal theta frequency. Stimulation did not substantially change circuit dynamics (pairwise phase consistency and partial directed coherence). Together with previous reports, our data suggest that panic‐ and anxiety‐control systems are mutually inhibitory, and neural separation of anxiety and panic extends down to the aPAG and mPAG, respectively. Our findings are consistent with recent proposals that fear and anxiety are controlled by parallel neural hierarchies extending from PAG to the prefrontal cortex.
Cold agglutinin anti‐I antibodies in two patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Imoto Hiroharu , Yoshioka Satoshi , Nakagawa Daishi , Hasegawa Kohei , Kuroda Hirokazu , Hasuike Toshikazu , Doi Asako , Kusumoto Toshiko , Ishikawa Takayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is associated with various diseases. Several studies of CAS associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) reported hemolytic anemia and thrombosis; however, the clinical significance of cold agglutinins (CA) in patients with COVID‐19 is unclear. Here, we present two cases of CA identified in the context of COVID‐19 without hemolytic anemia and clotting.Case report and DiscussionTwo patients with no known risk factors for CA were diagnosed with COVID‐19; peripheral blood smears reveal red blood cells (RBCs) agglutination. These patients showed a high CA titer. We confirmed retrospectively that the CA was an anti‐I antibody. The two COVID‐19 cases with a high CA titer showed no hemolysis or thrombosis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is known to cause CAS, but not all patients who have a high CA titer show hemolysis. Coagulation abnormalities are documented in severe COVID‐19 cases. Although CA increases the risk of thrombosis in those with lymphoproliferative diseases, the role of anti‐I antibodies in COVID‐19 is unclear. The impact of CAS on clinical presentations in COVID‐19 remains a matter of verification.ConclusionsA high CA titer was identified in COVID‐19 patients without hemolytic anemia and clotting. Anti‐I antibodies were identified. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology of CA in COVID‐19.
Risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A systematic review
Authors: Kavanagh Robert , Rafiq Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Nasar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent childhood disorders. This condition is characterized by impulsive behaviour, restlessness and lack of concentration. Various researchers have come up with diverse conclusions concerning the risk factors of ADHD.ObjectiveHowever, there is a need for a comprehensive review to understand the risk factors associated with the development of ADHD.MethodsFor this, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA), the methodology was used to extract the findings.ResultsThe finding suggests that there are a variety of risk factors associated with women that may be responsible for the development of ADHD among children. The main four risk factors are antibiotics use in early life, insufficient omega 3 and 6 in the body, disruption of gut microbiota and irregular circadian rhythm. These factors, which are discussed in‐depth in the review, include factors that affect the development of the brain in children.ConclusionThis review concludes that a variety of risk factors may contribute to the development of ADHD. Further, this review highlights not only the importance of metabolic physiological but also the importance of biopsychological aspects that leads to the development of ADHD among children. Studies should be conducted to check the impact of such factors holistically to minimize the risk of ADHD.
Comparison of colonic stenting and stoma creation as palliative treatment for incurable malignant colonic obstruction
Authors: Pattarajierapan Sukit , Manomayangoon Chatiyaporn , Tipsuwannakul Panat , Khomvilai Supakij 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSelf‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) is a favorable therapeutic option for patients with incurable malignant colonic obstruction (MCO). However, their long‐term efficacy and safety compared with those of stoma creation have not been well investigated. This study aimed to compare these long‐term outcomes between these two techniques in patients with incurable MCO.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included patients with incurable MCO with SEMS insertion (n = 105) and stoma creation (n = 97) between January 2009 and December 2019. The primary outcomes were patency after the procedure and 1‐year re‐intervention rates.ResultsThe patency of the SEMS group was lower than that of the stoma group (88.9 vs 93.2% at 6 months, 84.1 vs 90.5% at 12 months, and 65.8 vs 90.5% at 18 months; log‐rank test, P = 0.024), but 1‐year re‐intervention rates were not different between the groups (10 vs 8%, P = 0.558). The median patency durations were 190 days for SEMS insertion and 231 days for stoma creation. Majority (84%) of SEMS patients did not require any re‐intervention until death. The early complication rate did not differ between the groups (P = 0.377), but SEMS insertion had fewer late minor complications than stoma creation (5 vs 22%, P = 0.001).ConclusionSEMS insertion is a safe and effective treatment for patients with incurable MCO. Although SEMS insertion had a lower patency than stoma creation, especially after 1 year, the 1‐year re‐intervention rates were not different, and SEMS durability was sufficient in most patients.
Prospective of 31P MR Spectroscopy in Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Seelen Leonard W. F. , van den Wildenberg Lieke , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A. A. , Mohammad Nadia Haj , Molenaar I. Quintus , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Prompers Jeanine J. , Klomp Dennis W. J. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe incidence of liver and pancreatic cancer is rising. Patients benefit from current treatments, but there are limitations in the evaluation of (early) response to treatment. Tumor metabolic alterations can be measured noninvasively with phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).PurposeTo conduct a quantitative analysis of the available literature on 31P MRS performed in hepatopancreatobiliary cancer and to provide insight into its current and potential for therapy (non‐) response assessment.PopulationPatients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancer.Field Strength/Sequence31P MRS.AssessmentThe PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for studies published to 17 March 17, 2022. All 31P MRS studies in hepatopancreatobiliary cancer reporting 31P metabolite levels were included.Statistical TestsRelative differences in 31P metabolite levels/ratios between patients before therapy and healthy controls, and the relative changes in 31P metabolite levels/ratios in patients before and after therapy were determined.ResultsThe search yielded 10 studies, comprising 301 subjects, of whom 132 (44%) healthy volunteers and 169 (56%) patients with liver cancer of various etiology. To date, 31P MRS has not been applied in pancreatic cancer. In liver cancer, alterations in levels of 31P metabolites involved in cell proliferation (phosphomonoesters [PMEs] and phosphodiesters [PDEs]) and energy metabolism (ATP and inorganic phosphate [Pi]) were observed. In particular, liver tumors were associated with elevations of PME/PDE and PME/Pi compared to healthy liver tissue, although there was a broad variety among studies (elevations of 2%–267% and 21%–233%, respectively). Changes in PME/PDE in liver tumors upon therapy were substantial, yet very heterogeneous and both decreases and increases were observed, whereas PME/Pi was consistently decreased after therapy in all studies (−13% to −76%).Data Conclusion31P MRS has great potential for treatment monitoring in oncology. Future studies are needed to correlate the changes in 31P metabolite levels in hepatopancreatobiliary tumors with treatment response.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Chronic muscle recordings reveal recovery of forelimb function in spinal injured female rats after cortical epidural stimulation combined with rehabilitation and chondroitinase ABC
Authors: Sinopoulou Eleni , Spejo Aline Barroso , Roopnarine Naomi , Burnside Emily R. , Bartus Katalin , De Winter Fred , McMahon Stephen B. , Bradbury Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCervical level spinal cord injury (SCI) can severely impact upper limb muscle function, which is typically assessed in the clinic using electromyography (EMG). Here, we established novel preclinical methodology for EMG assessments of muscle function after SCI in awake freely moving animals. Adult female rats were implanted with EMG recording electrodes in bicep muscles and received bilateral cervical (C7) contusion injuries. Forelimb muscle activity was assessed by recording maximum voluntary contractions during a grip strength task and cortical motor evoked potentials in the biceps. We demonstrate that longitudinal recordings of muscle activity in the same animal are feasible over a chronic post‐injury time course and provide a sensitive method for revealing post‐injury changes in muscle activity. This methodology was utilized to investigate recovery of muscle function after a novel combination therapy. Cervical contused animals received intraspinal injections of a neuroplasticity‐promoting agent (lentiviral‐chondroitinase ABC) plus 11 weeks of cortical epidural electrical stimulation (3 h daily, 5 days/week) and behavioral rehabilitation (15 min daily, 5 days/week). Longitudinal monitoring of voluntary and evoked muscle activity revealed significantly increased muscle activity and upper limb dexterity with the combination treatment, compared to a single treatment or no treatment. Retrograde mapping of motor neurons innervating the biceps showed a predominant distribution across spinal segments C5–C8, indicating that treatment effects were likely due to neuroplastic changes in a mixture of intact and injured motor neurons. Thus, longitudinal assessments of muscle function after SCI correlate with skilled reach and grasp performance and reveal functional benefits of a novel combination therapy.
Obtaining and retaining employment post military service: A qualitative analysis of challenges experienced by Australian veterans
Authors: Romaniuk Madeline , Kidd Chloe , Banfield Michelle , Batterham Philip J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA qualitative investigation utilizing a phenomenology approach via one‐on‐one interviews with 35 veterans was conducted to explore the challenges Australian military veterans have experienced in civilian employment settings. Thematic analysis developed four major themes: starting over, mental health, interpersonal cultural difficulties, and organizational differences. Initiatives aimed at addressing unemployment and underemployment for veterans should focus on preparedness, education, and expectation management for both veterans and civilian employers/colleagues and focus on interpersonal and organizational cultural differences, including structure, teamwork, role clarity and feedback, an understanding of military skills, and reduction of mental health stigma and discriminatory practices.