bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of intraindividual tacrolimus variability with de novo donor-specific HLA antibody development and allograft rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with low immunological risk
Authors: Baghai Arassi Maral , Gauche Laura , Schmidt Jeremy , Höcker Britta , Rieger Susanne , Süsal Caner , Tönshoff Burkhard , Fichtner Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tacrolimus (Tac) intraindividual variability (TacIPV) in pediatric kidney transplant patients is only poorly understood. We investigated the impact of TacIPV on de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies (dnDSA) development and allograft rejection in Caucasian pediatric recipients of a living or deceased donor kidney with low immunological risk.

Methods
This was a single-center retrospective study including 48 pediatric kidney transplant recipients. TacIPV was calculated based on coefficient of variation (CV%) 6–12 months posttransplant. TacIPV cutoff was set at the median (25%). Outcome parameters were dnDSA development and rejection episodes.

Results
In total, 566 Tac levels were measured with median 11.0 (6.0–17.0) measurements per patient. The cutoff of 25% corresponded to the median CV% in our study cohort (25%, IQR 18–35%) and was comparable to cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. High TacIPV was associated with higher risk of dnDSA development (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.1, P = 0.047; Kaplan–Meier analysis P = 0.018) and any kind of rejection episodes (HR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–14.8, P = 0.033; Kaplan–Meier analysis P = 0.010). There was a clear trend towards higher TacIPV below the age of 6 years. TacIPV (CV%) was stable over time. A TacIPV (CV%) cutoff of 30% or IPV quantification by mean absolute deviation (MAD) showed comparable results.

Conclusions
High TacIPV is associated with an increased risk of dnDSA development and rejection episodes > year 1 posttransplant even in patients with low immunological risk profile. Therefore, in patients with high TacIPV, potential causes should be addressed, and if not resolved, changes in immunosuppressive therapy should be considered.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
An innovative FDIR approach for the power supply of the PRETTY SDR satellite payload
Authors: Hörmer Andreas Johann , Wenger Manuela , Zeif Reinhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCubeSat missions are characterized by short development times and challenging budget constraints. Due to the constraints in terms of mass, volume, and power, it is often not possible to increase reliability by adding redundant subsystems to the spacecraft. Therefore, it is necessary to implement important error-proofing mechanisms to still be able to derive a high scientific benefit from these missions. Once the satellite has been launched, physical access to the satellite’s hardware is no longer possible. For this reason, systems are often implemented that allow automatic failure detection, isolation of the failure from other systems, as well as automatic recovery (FDIR). This paper describes the advantages and areas of application of software-defined radio platforms (SDRs) on board of small satellites and CubeSats. In addition, important aspects of the hardware FDIR concept of the PRETTY SDR payload system are presented. In order to prevent the hardware from being damaged with a fault-free power supply, different levels of fault monitoring are described as well.
Aspirin use in relation to long-term survival after gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Holmberg Dag , Kauppila Joonas H. , Mattsson Fredrik , Asplund Johannes , Leijonmarck Wilhelm , Xie Shao-Hua , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Low-dose aspirin use may reduce cancer incidence and mortality, but its influence on gastric adenocarcinoma survival is unclear. This study aimed to assess whether aspirin use improves long-term survival following gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included almost all patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in Sweden from 2006 to 2015, with follow-up throughout 2020. Preoperative exposure to a daily low-dose (75–160 mg) aspirin for 1 (main exposure), 2 and 3 years and for 1 year after gastrectomy was examined in relation to 5-year all-cause mortality (primary outcome) and disease-specific mortality. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, calendar year, comorbidity, statin use, tumour location, tumour stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgeon volume of gastrectomy and surgical radicality.

Results
Among 2025 patients, 545 (26.9%) used aspirin at the date of gastrectomy. Aspirin use within 1 year before surgery did not decrease the adjusted risk of 5-year all-cause mortality (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.85–1.13) or disease-specific mortality (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.17). Preoperative aspirin use for 2 years (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.84–1.15) or 3 years (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.12) did not decrease the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality. Patients remaining on aspirin during the first year after gastrectomy had a similar 5-year all-cause mortality as non-users of aspirin (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.82–1.25).

Conclusions
Low-dose aspirin use might not improve long-term survival after gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma and may thus not be a target for adjuvant therapy in this group of patients.
COVID-19: average time from infection to death in Poland, USA, India and Germany
Authors: Wiliński Antoni , Kupracz Łukasz , Senejko Aneta , Chrząstek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are many discussions in the media about an interval (delay) from the time of the infections to deaths. Apart from the curiosity of the researchers, defining this time interval may, under certain circumstances, be of great organizational and economic importance. The study considers an attempt to determine this difference through the correlations of shifted time series and a specific bootstrapping that allows finding the distance between local maxima on the series under consideration. We consider data from Poland, the USA, India and Germany. The median of the difference’s distribution is quite consistent for such diverse countries. The main conclusion of our research is that the searched interval has rather a multimodal form than unambiguously determined.
Machine learning models effectively distinguish attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using event-related potentials
Authors: Ghasemi Elham , Ebrahimi Mansour , Ebrahimie Esmaeil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a significant challenge. Misdiagnosis has significant negative medical side effects. Due to the complex nature of this disorder, there is no computational expert system for diagnosis. Recently, automatic diagnosis of ADHD by machine learning analysis of brain signals has received an increased attention. This paper aimed to achieve an accurate model to discriminate between ADHD patients and healthy controls by pattern discovery. Event-Related Potentials (ERP) data were collected from ADHD patients and healthy controls. After pre-processing, ERP signals were decomposed and features were calculated for different frequency bands. The classification was carried out based on each feature using seven machine learning algorithms. Important features were then selected and combined. To find specific patterns for each model, the classification was repeated using the proposed patterns. Results indicated that the combination of complementary features can significantly improve the performance of the predictive models. The newly developed features, defined based on band power, were able to provide the best classification using the Generalized Linear Model, Logistic Regression, and Deep Learning with the average accuracy and Receiver operating characteristic curve > %99.85 and > 0.999, respectively. High and low frequencies (Beta, Delta) performed better than the mid, frequencies in the discrimination of ADHD from control. Altogether, this study developed a machine learning expert system that minimises misdiagnosis of ADHD and is beneficial for the evaluation of treatment efficacy.
Graphical abstract
Die Bedeutung der Interessenkongruenz für die Schulzufriedenheit in der beruflichen Oberstufe
Authors: Junkuhn Brit , Nagy Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungInteressenkongruenz ist eine zentrale Determinante des Erlebens und Verhaltens in beruflichen Kontexten. Die Bedeutung der Interessenkongruenz in schulischen Kontexten mit spezifischen Schwerpunkten wurde bis dato nicht genauer untersucht, obwohl entsprechende Angebote unter anderem mit dem Ziel eingeführt wurden, die Erprobung beruflicher Interessen zu ermöglichen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Kongruenzeffekt auf die Schulzufriedenheit in der beruflichen gymnasialen Oberstufe. Die Auswertungen basierten auf einer Circumplex-Modellierung individueller Interessenprofile, die in Mehrebenenmodellen als Prädiktoren der Schulzufriedenheit fungierten. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Kongruenzhypothese, da die Nähe der dominanten individuellen Interessen zu den zentralen Tätigkeitsbereichen der beruflichen Gymnasien mit einer höheren Zufriedenheit einherging und sich dieser Effekt als robust gegenüber zentralen Kovariaten erwies (Geschlecht, kognitive Grundfähigkeit und Persönlichkeitsdispositionen). Erwartungsgemäß konnte dieser Effekt im allgemeinbildenden Gymnasium nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die berufliche Oberstufe scheint demnach die Erprobung beruflicher Interessen zu ermöglichen.
Phase Formation and Diffusivity in the Ternary Cu-Zn-In System
Authors: Czeppe Tomasz , Sypien Anna , Wierzbicka-Miernik Anna , Garzeł Grzegorz , Kopyto Marek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFormation of the phases in Cu-Zn-In system was investigated by means of diffusion multiples annealed in isothermal conditions. The annealing of three different configurations of joints was performed at increasing temperatures (130, 350, 450 °C): below and above melting temperature of In and above Zn melting temperature. It was found that In revealed the ability for the preferential diffusion in Zn along the grain boundaries, forming the eutectic phase. In all applied temperatures, pure Cu was the barrier for the diffusion of In, while the diffusion of Zn proceeded easily, leading to the formation of binary CuZn phases; the phases from the Cu-In system were not found. The ternary Cu-Zn-In phases were formed at temperatures of 350 and 450 °C, at which the simultaneous diffusion of In and Zn in Cu took place, with participation of liquid In and Zn. The obtained results are the starting point for the calculation of the Cu-Zn-In phase diagram which remains unavailable, in spite of fact that all Cu-Zn, In-Zn and Cu-In binary diagrams are well known.
Recent trends in publications of economic historians in Europe and North America (1980–2019): an empirical analysis
Authors: Fernández-de-Pinedo Nadia , La Parra-Perez Alvaro , Muñoz Félix-Fernando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the integration of economic history into economics using a unique dataset containing 11,143 articles written by 919 economic historians and published between 1980 and 2019 in leading journals; we also analyzed the authors’ biographical information. Using a probit regression, we find that since 1980, economic historians have increased their likelihood of publishing in Economics or Finance Journals (EFJs) by 12 points. This integration is more marked in North America than in Europe because North American economic historians are more likely to be trained in the discipline of economics. In contrast, a significant share of scholars in Europe are trained in the discipline of economic history. Network visualizations confirm these regional differences: citations to EFJs are much more central in North American scholars’ work. Our findings support Robert Margo’s claim that economic history is currently integrated into economics more often in publications in North America than in Europe.
Treatment Strategies for Malignancies of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Zhong Shixun , Zuo Wenqi 
Published: February 2022

Opinion statementMalignant tumors of the external auditory canal (EAC) are rare tumors in the head and neck. Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon because the symptoms of early tumors are nonspecific. Various surgical and oncological treatment modalities have been reported. Decision-making depends on pathological feature and stage of the lesions, patient’s general condition and preference, and physician’s experience and skill. Radical surgery is widely accepted as the primary treatment of choice. Postoperative radiotherapy is used more often to improve local and regional control of the disease. Chemotherapy is usually recommended for advanced disease, residual disease, and metastasis. Prognosis is affected by multiple factors such as TNM stage, surgical margin, pathological type and differentiation of tumor, involvement of facial nerve, and so on. Although the survival rate is improved significantly over the past several decades with the development of skull base surgery, neuroradiology, anesthesiology, and oncology, it remains challenging to diagnose and treat EAC malignancies due to the rarity, the local anatomical complexity of temporal bone, and the lack of standard TNM staging system.
Molecular profiling leading to personalized treatment in breast cancer
Authors: Klocker Eva Valentina , Balic Marija , Steger Günther 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWith the development of various targeted therapies in breast cancer, detection of biomarkers for predicting treatment efficacy gains importance. With the definition of intrinsic subtypes, breast cancer has paved the way for personalized treatment. Already known and recently recognized targets play an important role both in metastatic and early breast cancer. As a result, early molecular profiling is becoming a part of early diagnostic work-up. Notwithstanding, further treatment targets and agents are needed, particularly in the most aggressive subtype encompassing heterogenous diseases under the group of triple negative breast cancer.
Overview and Discussion of the Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment (COLIEE) 2021
Authors: Rabelo Juliano , Goebel Randy , Kim Mi-Young , Kano Yoshinobu , Yoshioka Masaharu , Satoh Ken 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe summarize the 8th Competition on Legal Information Extraction and Entailment. In this edition, the competition included five tasks on case law and statute law. The case law component includes an information retrieval Task (Task 1), and the confirmation of an entailment relation between an existing case and an unseen case (Task 2). The statute law component includes an information retrieval Task (Task 3), an entailment/question answering task based on retrieved civil code statutes (Task 4) and an entailment/question answering task without retrieved civil code statutes (Task 5). Participation was open to any group based on any approach. Eight different teams participated in the case law competition tasks, most of them in more than one task. We received results from six teams for Task 1 (16 runs) and 6 teams for Task 2 (17 runs). On the statute law task, there were eight different teams participating, most in more than one task. Six teams submitted a total of 18 runs for Task 3, 6 teams submitted a total of 18 runs for Task 4, and 4 teams submitted a total of 12 runs for Task 5. Here we summarize the approaches, our official evaluation, and analysis on our data and submission results.
Time Is the Fire in Which We Burn (Out): How Time Perspectives Affect Burnout Tendencies in Health Care Professionals Via Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Unger Alexander , Papastamatelou Julie , Vowinckel Jonte , Klamut Olga , Heger Anja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAim and Background: The purpose of the current study is to examine the influence of time perspectives (TP) on the burnout-tendency of health care professionals. The concept of TP delivers a construct on how individuals frame their thinking and behavior on the emotional, cognitive and motivational level towards the past, the present and the future. Consequently, we assume that the TP configuration of health care professionals, determines how vulnerable or reluctant they will be to burnout. TP is assumed to influence the stress perception and the degree of self-efficacy which are in turn well-known factors of influence on burnout. Methods: The sample consisted of 398 health care professionals in Germany. We have measured TPs by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the burnout tendencies by the German version of the Maslach Burnout-Inventory (MBI-GS-D). Results: The Past-Negative and Past-Positive perspectives were identified as factors that were significantly associated with the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment. The Present-Fatalistic orientation was only associated with cynicism and the Future dimension with cynicism and personal accomplishment. Furthermore, we observed that high deviations from a Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) caused a decrease on all three burnout dimensions. In addition, the influence of the DNTP on emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment was fully mediated by perceived stress and self-efficacy. Conclusion: We identified time perspective as a substantial factor of influence on burnout for health care professions and observed an underlying mechanism of the influence of DNTP on burnout. Both factors are important for practical therapeutic conclusions, as well as for a better understanding of the role of TP for burnout.
The emergence of the postgenomic gene
Authors: Bellazzi Francesca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe identity and the existence of genes has been challenged by postgenomic discoveries. Specifically, the consideration of molecular and cellular phenomena in which genes are embedded has proved relevant for their understanding. In response to these challenges, I will argue that the complexity of genetic phenomena supports the weak emergence of genes from the DNA. In Section 2, I will expose what genes are taken to be in the postgenomic world. In Section 3, I will present the relevant account of emergence. I consider weak emergence as in Franklin and Knox (Studies for the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 64, 68–78, 2018), for which a phenomenon is emergent when it displays novelty and robustness. In Section 4, I will argue that genes are weakly emergent since they are novel, improving explanations, and robust in respect to some perturbations. Then, I will conclude in Section 5 that genes’ emergence is a way to allow genes’ flexibility and context dependency, without compromising their existence.
Does catching more fish increase the subjective well-being of fishers? Insights from Bangladesh
Authors: Miñarro Sara , Selim Samiya , Galbraith Eric D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall-scale fisheries have been associated with the subjective well-being of coastal communities through their links with culture, identity, and social cohesion. But although fish catches are usually considered the primary ecosystem service that benefits fishers, little is known about how subjective well-being is influenced by the fishing activity itself. Here, we applied the experience sampling method in two small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh to assess the effects of fishing on fishers’ occurrence of positive and negative affect, two measures of subjective well-being. We found that fishing activities were not directly associated with increased momentary affect and that the frequency of positive affect actually decreased as the fishing trip progressed. Furthermore, although very low catches were associated with less positive affect, the highest frequency of positive affect was achieved with relatively small catches. Our results imply that the benefits provided by small-scale fisheries to the momentary subjective well-being of fishers are not strongly related to the actual catching of fish.
Heralds of Change: In the Aftermath of Skanska (C-724/17) and Sumal (C-882/19)
Authors: Freund Benedikt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) can be placed at the origins of the pan-European awakening of private enforcement of EU competition law. The CJEU has, in a steadfast and unwavering manner, advocated for the rights of victims of competition law infringements, elevating cartel damages proceedings from a rare sight to a well-established phenomenon. In its judgmentVantaan kaupunki v. Skanska Industrial Solutions Oy and others(Skanska), the CJEU ruled that the circle of persons liable for the harm resulting from an anticompetitive behaviour is to be determined according to the concept of undertaking as referred to in Art. 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). InSumal v. Mercedes Benz Trucks Espana(Sumal) the Court clarified under which circumstances distinct legal entities within a group of companies form one single undertaking and are thus to be made the defendant in cartel damages proceedings. The CJEU’s judgments inSkanksaandSumalmark a certainly provisional climax in the evolution of private enforcement of EU competition law. This article aims to depict the conceptual backbone of both judgments and to explore possible consequences in regard to liability within groups of companies.
Adipose tissue in COVID-19: detection of SARS-CoV-2 in adipocytes and activation of the interferon-alpha response
Authors: Basolo A. , Poma A. M. , Bonuccelli D. , Proietti A. , Macerola E. , Ugolini C. , Torregrossa L. , Giannini R. , Vignali P. , Basolo F. , Santini F. , Toniolo A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the progression to severe forms of COVID-19, yet the mechanisms of the association are unclear.

Methods
Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue specimens of subjects deceased from COVID-19 (n = 23) were compared to those of controls dying abruptly from causes other than infectious (accidental trauma, sudden cardiac death). Alterations of lung parenchyma consistent with moderate to severe disease were detected in all COVID-19 cases, not in controls. Investigations included: histopathologic features, detection of virus antigens and genome, characterization of infiltrating leukocytes, transcription levels of immune-related genes.

Results
By RT-PCR, the SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected in the adipose tissue of 13/23 (56%) cases of the COVID-19 cohort. The virus nucleocapsid antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of 1–5% adipocytes in 12/12 COVID-19 cases that were virus-positive by PCR in the adipose tissue (one case could not be assessed due insufficient tissue). The adipose tissue of COVID-19 cases showed leukocyte infiltrates and upregulation of the interferon-alpha pathway. After adjusting for age and sex, the activation score of IFN-alpha was directly related with transcription levels of the ACE2 gene, a key entry factor of SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions
In lethal COVID-19 cases, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen has been detected in a sizeable proportion of adipocytes, showing that the virus may directly infect the parenchymal cells of subcutaneous fat. Infection appears to activate the IFN alpha pathway and to attract infiltrating leukocytes. Due to the huge numbers of adipocytes in adults, the adipose tissue represents a significant reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 and an important source of inflammatory mediators.