bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overestimation of prokaryotic production by leucine incorporation—and how to avoid it
Authors: Giering Sarah L. C. , Evans Claire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProkaryotes play a central role in aquatic ecosystems by consuming approximately half of the organic matter produced by aquatic primary production, of which a fraction is used for growth. Accurately measuring this prokaryotic biomass production is key to understanding aquatic carbon and nutrient cycles, since it is instrumental in driving biogeochemical processes that control parameters such as atmospheric carbon content. Aquatic prokaryotic biomass production is typically estimated from incorporation rates of the amino acid leucine during radiotracer experiments—a method widely used since the 1980s. Here we evaluate the underlying assumptions of the method with a focus on the associated conversion factors and review them in the context of empirical data. We demonstrate that the commonly used theoretical conversion factors fail to account for leucine's use as precursor for de novo protein synthesis and its respiration. As a consequence, prokaryotic biomass production is likely considerably overestimated when applying the standard conversion factors. Most severely affected are open‐ocean, mesopelagic and benthic environments, where 25% of the estimates are likely to be overestimated by at least a factor of 6.1, 4.9, and 6.5, respectively. We propose a refined carbon‐to‐leucine conversion factor and make recommendations for improving and selecting appropriate experimental protocols.
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: Rate of and time to bone union following contralateral vascularized periosteal tibial graft transplantation
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Barrera‐Ochoa Sergi , Romero‐Larrauri Pablo , Nguyen Trong‐Quynh , Diaz‐Gallardo Paula , Guerra Ernesto , Knörr Jorge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCongenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is one of the most challenging orthopedic disorders. The use of a vascularized tibial periosteal grafts has been recently reported as a powerful tool to obtain bone union. We report its use in CPT.Patients and MethodsRetrospective short‐term study of 29 children (18 male/11 female, 15 right‐sided/14 left‐sided) of mean age 45 months (range 11–144 months), operated upon after October 2014.Nonunion site was debrided, and the periosteum of the involved limb was excised. A vascularized tibial periosteal graft (mean length 10.7 cm (range 9–15 cm) with a monitoring skin island (mean length 4.1 cm (range 3–5 cm) and based on the anterior tibial vessels, was obtained from the contralateral tibia. Anterior tibial vessels were always the recipient vessels. Most cases were stabilized with an LCP plate.The rate of and time to bone union were analyzed. Charts only were evaluated through the first 3 months after bone union was achieved.ResultsThe flap survived and bone union was obtained in all cases, through a periosteal callus, in a mean time of 5.1 weeks (range 3–6 weeks). Mean follow‐up was 8.3 months (range 7–19 months). No union failures occurred 3 months after resuming unprotected weight bearing.ConclusionsOur novel technique produced a consistent, rapid capacity for CPT union, superior to previously‐reported techniques. However, it cannot be recommended as a standard method of treatment until consistent, long‐term, refracture‐free follow‐up is documented.
A patient with large congenital epulis in the maxillary and mandibular anterior areas accompanied by impaired suckling
Authors: Adachi Keiji , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kishimoto Saki , Takizawa Shigeta , Oseko Fumishige , Kanamura Narisato 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital epulis is a rare tumor of the newborns.Case PresentationWe found a case of soft elastic pedunculated masses in the left maxillary anterior (26 × 14 × 11 mm) and left mandibular anterior (55 × 44 × 11 mm) areas, protruding out of the oral cavity. The large multiple masses interfered with suckling. These masses were excised using a carbon dioxide laser under general anesthesia. They were diagnosed histopathologically and immunocamically as congenital granular cell epulis. These were no complication after surgery.ConclusionWe report a 1‐day old female infant with large congenital epulis in the left anterior deciduous tooth regions of the upper and lower jaws, accompanying impaired suckling. The histopathological finding of masses was congenital granular cell epulis.
Stability of individual dementia diagnoses in routine care: Implications for epidemiological studies
Authors: Riedel Oliver , Braitmaier Malte , Langner Ingo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeEpidemiological and health care research frequently rely on diagnoses from routine care, but the intra‐individual stability of diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) or other forms of dementia (oD) in patients over time is understudied. More data on the diagnostic stability is needed to appraise epidemiological findings from such studies.MethodsUsing health claims data of the years 2004–2016 from the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database, 160 273 patients aged ≥50 with incident dementia were identified and followed for 4 years. According to the incident ICD‐10 codes patients were assigned to the categories AD, VD or oD. Changes between categories during follow‐up were calculated.ResultsOverall, 18.8% had incident AD (VD: 21.5%, oD: 59.7%). Fifteen thousand eight hundred forty‐two patients had only one dementia diagnosis during 4 years (AD: 7.4%, VD: 12.4%, oD: 9.8%). Among those with more than one diagnosis, the incident diagnosis matched the last diagnosis in 65.1% (AD), 53.9% (VD) and 73.8% (oD) of patients. Changes in the diagnostic category were higher in patients with AD (mean: 5.1) than in patients with VD (3.6) or oD (3.3). Patients with stable AD diagnoses during the observation period were younger (median: 76 vs. 79 years) and had less inpatient treatment days (median: 14 days) than patients with changes from an AD diagnosis to another category or from another category to AD (27 days).ConclusionsWhile health claims data are feasible for estimating the incidence of dementia in general, the substantial number of changes in dementia diagnoses during the course of the disease warrant caution on the interpretation of epidemiological data on specific dementia types.
Investigation of domain structures in monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(caprolactone) grafted poly(acrylic acid) by NMR diffusion studies
Authors: Tiwari Neha , Badiger Manohar Virupax , Rajamohanan Pattuparambil Ramanpillai , Ravindranathan Sapna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAssociating polymers developed by grafting a block copolymer of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(caprolactone) (MPEG‐b‐PCL) onto poly(acrylic acid) undergo an irreversible sol–gel transition on heating. The influence of various physicochemical parameters on the thermoresponsive behaviour was examined by rheology and NMR studies. Pulsed field gradient NMR diffusion studies were performed to probe the mechanism of thermally induced gelation. Analysis of the diffusion data reveals the presence of loosely and strongly associated structures which respond differently to variation in temperature. It is observed that the polymer solution, which is visibly homogeneous, is heterogeneous on a mesoscopic scale with a distribution of domains. Detailed investigation of the thermally induced sol–gel transition shows that the mechanism of gelation involves irreversible alterations in the domain structure and size. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Feasibility and safety of the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test delivered via telehealth: An observational study
Authors: Bowman Amy , Denehy Linda , Benjemaa Aisha , Crowe Jess , Bruns Emma , Hall Travis , Traill Anya , Edbrooke Lara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionExercise testing is essential to determine the safety and efficacy of prescribing exercise. Limited evidence exists to support remotely supervised exercise testing in oncology literature.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility, safety, and convergent validity of the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test (30STS) delivered via telehealth in an oncology population. Exploratory analyses informed remote test feasibility according to participant and treatment characteristics.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study.SettingTelehealth outpatient clinic, tertiary metropolitan oncology hospital.ParticipantsThirty‐two consecutive outpatients attending telehealth exercise appointments were screened for inclusion.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresA pre‐test safety screening questionnaire included the Australia‐modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Following one practice, one 30STS test was completed using a standardized protocol modified for telehealth assessment. Secondary measures: International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form (IPAQ‐SF) and pre/post‐test Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).ResultsThirty participants were deemed as being safe using the screening questionnaire and completed the remote 30STS. Participants were a median (interquartile range [IQR]) 62.5 (51.8 to 66.5) years old, 59% male, 72% undergoing cancer treatment, 34% with metastatic disease, and 56% met current exercise guidelines. Moderate correlation was found between 30STS and IPAQ‐SF (rho = 0.49, p = .006), providing evidence of convergent validity. Correlations between 30STS and AKPS (rho = 0.26, p = .161), and CFS (rho = −0.23, p = .214), were fair. Chair‐height standardization was poor (range 43 to 60 cm). The clinician could visualize the participant's whole body in 2 of 30 tests. No significant difference in test performance was found for participants with metastatic disease, higher age, or body mass index. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionWith screening, the 30STS, performed by telehealth, is a safe and feasible measure of function and lower limb strength. Telehealth exercise testing presents challenges in standardizing the environment and ensuring participant safety. Minimal space and equipment requirements and moderate convergent validity with physical activity provide good clinical utility in this setting.
An application of fault tree analysis for computing the bounds on system failure probability through qualitative data in intuitionistic fuzzy environment
Authors: Kaushik Manvi , Kumar Mohit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor the safety assessment of complex engineering systems, fault tree analysis (FTA) is a widely used method and can be performed only when all its basic events (BEs) have their corresponding failure data. However, in many applications, obtaining precise quantitative failure data of all the components of the system is not feasible due to changing environment, insufficient data or new components. The present research develops a novel FTA to identify the best estimate and bounds of system failure probability through qualitative data processing. The failure data of BEs are uncertain therefore expert elicitation method is used incorporating intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) set theory to evaluate the top event failure probabilities. The novelty of the proposed work comes with the use of linguistic values as failure possibilities of the system components and utilizing triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs) to quantify the linguistic terms into mathematical form to assess the best‐estimated value of the system failure probability, and also the lower bound and the upper bound of the system failure probability. To exemplify the appropriateness of the proposed study, the case studies Combustion Engineering Reactor Protection System (CERPS) and Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) are carried out and a comparison between computed results and outcomes from the previous methods is demonstrated. The results are exceptionally near to the outcomes of conventional FTA, which confirms that the proposed procedure is a real substitute in the IF environment when components have imprecise quantitative failure data.
Losing sleep over work: A self‐determination theory view on need frustration, sleep disturbance, and mental ill health
Authors: Niemiec Christopher P. , Olafsen Anja H. , Halvari Hallgeir , Williams Geoffrey C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the centrality of sleep and work in most individuals' lives, it is interesting to note that an empirical understanding of the association between what happens in the workplace and how well people sleep is in an early stage of development, at least relative to other topics that are of interest in the literature on stress and health. Using self‐determination theory, the current study examined how maladaptive motivational processes at work relate to sleep disturbance and mental ill health. In line with hypotheses, the results of a cross‐sectional analysis and analyses using data from two time points over 15 months revealed that employees are more likely to report sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depressive symptoms when they experience frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the workplace. Additional results revealed an indirect effect of change in basic psychological need frustration on change in anxiety—but not on change in depressive symptoms—through change in sleep disturbance. Taken together, these findings add to the burgeoning literature on the maladaptive motivational origins of ill health and dysfunction in the workplace.
Multi‐objective approach to forecast design refresh time due to COTS obsolescence
Authors: Ozkan Baris Egemen , Bulkan Serol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide program managers and systems engineers with a novel algorithm in determining the design refresh time (DRT) of sustainment‐dominated systems due to COTS obsolescence. Most of the research done so far has focused on cost optimization. The main contribution of the study is two‐fold. First, besides cost optimization, we have introduced efficiency optimization within a balanced approach to determine the DRT, under multiple objectives. Second, we used a set‐based approach over the hypervolume quality values of solutions rather than population‐based Pareto solutions. We proposed a discrete‐time simulation model by using Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithms where the deterioration over the quality values of Pareto solution sets is used as an indicator for a DRT. We supported the proposed mathematical model in theory with empirical findings from a case study for a sustainment‐dominated Naval Command and Control System that was designed in 2004 and deployed in 2007. We ran the simulation as for 2007 and conducted an analysis over the cost and operational efficiency objectives to compare the situation experienced in real life against the simulation outputs of the proposed model. The results revealed that not only the total life cycle cost but also efficient operational sustainability of a system would be increased significantly if the system had gone through design refreshes as proposed by the model. We showed that the deterioration of the Pareto optimal solutions’ hypervolume quality values over time is an effective marker to decide the optimal DRT under conflicting multiple objectives.
Towards Building Intrusion Detection Systems for Multivariate Time-Series Data
Authors: Seong ChangMin , Song YoungRok , Hyun Jiwung , Cheong Yun-Gyung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent network intrusion detection systems have employed machine learning and deep learning algorithms to defend against dynamically evolving network attacks. While most previous studies have focused on detecting attacks which can be determined based on a single time instant, few studies have paid attention to subsequence outliers, which require inspecting consecutive points in time for detection. To address this issue, this paper applies a time-series anomaly detection method in an unsupervised learning manner. To this end, we converted the UNSW-NB15 dataset into the time-series data. We carried out a preliminary evaluation to test the performance of the anomaly detection on the created time-series network dataset as well as on a time-series dataset obtained from sensors. We analyze and discuss the results.
The effect of left atrial wall thickness and pulmonary vein sizes on the acute procedural success of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Boussoussou Melinda , Szilveszter Bálint , Vattay Borbála , Kolossváry Márton , Vecsey-Nagy Milán , Salló Zoltán , Orbán Gábor , Péter Perge , Katalin Piros , Vivien Nagy Klaudia , István Osztheimer , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Merkely Béla , Gellér László , Szegedi Nándor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, a novel contact-force guided ablation technique is used for enclosing pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to determine whether left atrial (LA) wall thickness (LAWT) and pulmonary vein (PV) dimensions, as assessed by cardiac CT, could influence the success rate of first-pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). In a single-center, prospective study, we enrolled consecutive patients with symptomatic, drug-refractory AF who underwent initial radiofrequency catheter ablation using a modified CLOSE protocol. Pre-procedural CT was performed in all cases. Additionally, the diameter and area of the PV orifices were obtained. A total of 1034 LAWT measurements and 376 PV area measurements were performed in 94 patients (mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 2.1 ± 1.5, mean age 62.4 ± 12.6 years, 39.5% female, 38.3% persistent AF). Mean procedure time was 81.2 ± 19.3 min. Complete isolation of all PVs was achieved in 100% of patients. First-pass isolation rate was 76% and 71% for the right-sided PVs and the left-sided PVs, respectively. No difference was found regarding comorbidities and imaging parameters between those with and without first-pass isolation. LAWT (mean of 11 regions or separately) had no effect on the acute procedural outcome on logistic regression analysis (all p ≥ 0.05). Out of all assessed parameters, only RSPV diameter was associated with a higher rate of successful right-sided first pass isolation (OR 1.01, p = 0.04). Left atrial wall thickness does not have an influence on the acute procedural success of PVI using ablation index and a standardized ablation protocol. RSPV diameter could influence the probability of right sided first-pass isolation.
Little Syria: Syrian refugees in car town, Korea
Authors: Kim Kyohee , Smets Peer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the Syrian civil war, about 1,100 Syrians have applied for asylum status in Korea, and almost all have obtained humanitarian protection status. Receiving refugees is a relatively new phenomenon in Korean society and many refugees may experience a hostile environment. Although a small number of Koreans show empathy to refugees, the majority have expressed serious security and financial concerns about hosting refugees. This qualitative study therefore looks at Syrian refugees’ sense of belonging in Car Town in Seoul, where approximately 50 Syrians have settled. Through interviews, informal talks, and observations, we investigate Syrians’ everyday lives, and the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion in the Korean society and in the local Syrian community. This study offers insights into different elements of belonging and how the politics of belonging and place-belongingness take shape, and in turn impact the sense of belonging of the Syrian refugees in Car Town and in Korea.
Flood resilience in paired US–Mexico border cities: a study of binational risk perceptions
Authors: Freimund Christopher A. , Garfin Gregg M. , Norman Laura M. , Fisher Larry A. , Buizer James L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDisastrous floods in the twin cities of Nogales, Arizona, USA, and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico (collectively referred to as Ambos Nogales) occur annually in response to monsoonal summer rains. Flood-related hazards include property damage, impairment to sewage systems, sewage discharge, water contamination, erosion, and loss of life. Flood risk, particularly in Nogales, Sonora, is amplified by informal, “squatter” settlements in the watershed floodplain and associated development and infrastructure. The expected increase in precipitation intensity, resulting from climate change, poses further risk to flooding therein. We explore binational community perceptions of flooding, preferences for watershed management, and potential actions to address flooding and increase socio-ecological resilience in Ambos Nogales using standardized questionnaires and interviews to collect data about people and their preferences. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with local subject matter experts and gathered survey responses from community members in Ambos Nogales. Though survey response was limited, expected frequencies were high enough to conduct Chi-squared tests of independence to test for statistically significant relationships between survey variables. Results showed that respondents with previous experience with flooding corresponded with their level of concern about future floods. Additionally, respondents perceived greater flood-related risks from traveling across town and damage to vehicles than from inundation or damages to their homes or neighborhoods. Binationally, women respondents felt less prepared for future floods than men. On both sides of the border, community members and local experts agreed that Ambos Nogales lacks adequate preparation for future floods. To increase preparedness, they recommended flood risk education and awareness campaigns, implementation of green infrastructure, additional stormwater infrastructure (such as drainage systems), enhanced flood early warning systems, and reduction of flood flows through regulations to reduce the expansion of hard surfaces. This study contributes systematic collection of information about flood risk perceptions across an international border, including novel data regarding risks related to climate change and gender-based assessments of flood risk. Our finding of commonalities across both border communities, in perceptions of flood risk and in the types of risk reduction solutions recommended by community members, provides clear directions for flood risk education, outreach, and preparedness, as well as measures to enhance cross-border cooperation.
“Train your mind for a healthy life”. The medicalization of mediatized mindfulness in the West
Authors: Kołodziejska Marta , Paliński Michał 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study analyses how the functions and purposes of mindfulness meditation practices are constructed in the narratives of the Headspace mobile application. The quantitative component deployed a semi-automatic, computer assisted text analysis of 964 posts on the Headspace blog, and involved topic modelling and keyword co-occurrence analysis. This step identified dominant topics within the sample, and key term associations, which informed the in-depth qualitative text analysis of the recordings of four Headspace meditation packs, and 45 blog posts written between 2014 and 2018. The analysis focused on identifying the narratives, defined as structured storylines with plots, actors, and attached meanings. The analysis has shown that in the Headspace narratives, the function and purpose of mindfulness is constructed with reference to science and medicine, which also positions the app and the services it offers among scientific achievements, rather than spirituality or alt-med movements. The medical authoritative framework manifests itself in links to research, and referring to problems and solutions in medical or therapeutic terms. Apart from the medicalization of the practice, its healthicization is also manifested in the repetitive encouragement to monitor one’s health and actively improve one’s wellbeing. In effect, the narratives associate taking care of one’s health with the morally desirable behavior. The study concludes that the medicalization and healthicization of mindfulness identified in the app narratives shift the meaning and function of the practice from spiritual growth and enlightenment to a “will to health” and the obligation of constant self-monitoring.