bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Site of Prepulse Inhibition of the Trigeminal Blink Reflex in Humans
Authors: Inui Koji , Itoh Yasushi , Bayasgalan Borgil , Shingaki Megumi , Taniguchi Tomoya , Motomura Eishi , Kida Tetsuo 
Published: November 2022

Despite the clinical significance of prepulse inhibition (PPI), the mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we present our investigation of PPI in the R1 component of electrically induced blink reflexes. The effect of a prepulse was explored with varying prepulse test intervals (PTIs) of 20–600 ms in 4 females and 12 males. Prepulse–test combinations included the following: stimulation of the supraorbital nerve (SON)–SON [Experiment (Exp) 1], sound–sound (Exp 2), the axon of the facial nerve–SON (Exp 3), sound–SON (Exp 4), and SON–SON with a long trial–trial interval (Exp 5). Results showed that (1) leading weak SON stimulation reduced SON-induced ipsilateral R1 with a maximum effect at a PTI of 140 ms, (2) the sound–sound paradigm resulted in a U-shaped inhibition time course of the auditory startle reflex (ASR) peaking at 140 ms PTI, (3) facial nerve stimulation showed only a weak effect on R1, (4) a weak sound prepulse facilitated R1 but strongly inhibited SON-induced late blink reflexes (LateRs) with a similar U-shaped curve, and (5) LateR in Exp 5 was almost completely absent at PTIs >80 ms. These results indicate that the principal sensory nucleus is responsible for R1 PPI. Inhibition of ASR or LateR occurs at a point in the startle reflex circuit where auditory and somatosensory signals converge. Although the two inhibitions are different in location, their similar time courses suggest similar neural mechanisms. As R1 has a simple circuit and is stable, R1 PPI helps to clarify PPI mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrepulse inhibition (PPI) is a phenomenon in which the startle response induced by a startle stimulus is suppressed by a preceding nonstartle stimulus. This study demonstrated that the R1 component of the trigeminal blink reflex shows clear PPI despite R1 generation within a circuit consisting of the trigeminal and facial nuclei, without startle reflex circuit involvement. Thus, PPI is not specific to the startle reflex. In addition, PPI of R1, the auditory startle reflex, and the trigeminal late blink reflex showed similar time courses in response to the prepulse test interval, suggesting similar mechanisms regardless of inhibition site. R1 PPI, in conjunction with other paradigms with different prepulse–test combinations, would increase understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Establishment and Application of a NovelIn VitroModel of Microglial Activation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Liu Ning , Li Yadan , Jiang Yinghua , Shi Samuel , Niamnud Aim , Vodovoz Sammy J. , Katakam Prasad V.G. , Vidoudez Charles , Dumont Aaron S. , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: November 2022

Mechanical impact-induced primary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to acute microglial pro-inflammatory activation and consequently mediates neurodegeneration, which is a major secondary brain injury mechanism. However, the detailed pathologic cascades have not been fully elucidated, partially because of the pathologic complexity in animal TBI models. Although there are severalin vitroTBI models, none of them closely mimic post-TBI microglial activation. In the present study, we aimed to establish anin vitroTBI model, specifically reconstituting the pro-inflammatory activation and associated neurodegeneration following TBI. We proposed three sets of experiments. First, we established a needle scratch injured neuron-induced microglial activation and neurodegenerationin vitromodel of TBI. Second, we compared microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines profiles between thein vitroTBI model and TBI in male mice. Additionally, we validated the role of injured neurons-derived damage-associated molecular patterns in amplifying microglial pro-inflammatory pathways using thein vitroTBI model. Third, we applied thein vitromodel for the first time to characterize the cellular metabolic profile of needle scratch injured-neuron-activated microglia, and define the role of metabolic reprogramming in mediating pro-inflammatory microglial activation and mediated neurodegeneration. Our results showed that we successfully established a novelin vitroTBI model, which closely mimics primary neuronal injury-triggered microglial pro-inflammatory activation and mediated neurodegeneration after TBI. Thisin vitromodel provides an advanced and highly translational platform for dissecting interactions in the pathologic processes of neuronal injury-microglial activation-neuronal degeneration cascade, and elucidating the detailed underlying cellular and molecular insights after TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglial activation is a key component of acute neuroinflammation that leads to neurodegeneration and long-term neurologic outcome deficits after TBI. However, it is not feasible to truly dissect primary neuronal injury-induced microglia activation, and consequently mediated neurodegenerationin vivo. Furthermore, there is currently lacking ofin vitroTBI models closely mimicking the TBI primary injury-mediated microglial activation. In this study, we successfully established and validated a novelin vitroTBI model of microglial activation, and for the first time, characterized the cellular metabolic profile of microglia in this model. This novel microglial activationin vitroTBI model will help in elucidating microglial inflammatory activation and consequently associated neurodegeneration after TBI.
Geographic Distribution of Clinical Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth
Authors: Weixel Tara , Wildman Beth 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Geographic barriers limit access to clinical care in the United States for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth. Some factors differentiating access to care are variability in state laws/policies, the number of available clinical care programs and mental health providers for TGD youth.

Methods
We aggregated data from the Human Rights Campaign for pediatric clinical care programs for TGD youth, the Movement Advancement Project for state-by-state assessment of gender identity laws and policies, and Psychology Today for mental health providers for TGD youth by state. Current prevalence rates for TGD youth were applied by state with 2020 Census data. Findings were summarized as a whole and per capita by state, region, and country overall.

Results
The South has the highest number of TGD youth per clinic (36 465–186 377), and the lowest average equality score in gender identity laws and policies (1.96). The Midwest has the highest number of TGD youth per mental health provider (278–1422). The Northeast has the lowest number of TGD youth per clinic (11 094–56 703), the highest average equality score in laws and policies per state (17.75), and the highest average number of TGD youth per mental health providers (87–444).

Conclusions
Findings support there are barriers to TGD youth care throughout the United States, especially the South and Midwest. Increasing medical and mental health care for TGD youth is likely to improve their health and well-being. Enacting gender identity protective laws/policies would allow for equal treatment and access to care among TGD youth.
The effect of local wind on seismic noise near 1 Hz at the MELT site and in iceland
Authors: Wilcock William S. D. , Webb Spahr C. , Bjarnason Ingi Th. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The mantle electromagnetic and tomography (MELT) experiment on the east Pacific rise near 17°S was the first large teleseismic experiment on a midocean ridge. During the six-month deployment, no compressional arrivals were well recorded above 0.5 Hz. In comparison, the ICEMELT experiment in Iceland recorded compressional arrivals at 1-2 Hz from about 2 earthquakes per month. We compare noise spectra from the two experiments and show that this difference in detection is at least in part a result of noise. Near 1 Hz, seismic noise in the oceans is produced locally by wind-generated waves. At both experiment sites, 1-Hz noise levels are well correlated with local sea-surface-wind speeds derived from satellite observations. For a given wind speed, 1-Hz noise levels are about 10-20 dB lower in Iceland. At the MELT site, cross-correlations of wind speed with the logarithm of noise in a narrow-frequency band yield correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7 at frequencies between 0.4 Hz and 2 Hz. Noise levels at 1 Hz increase with wind by 1.3-1.4 dB per m/sec for wind speeds less than 10 m/sec. For the ICEMELT experiment, high correlation coefficients extend to markedly higher frequencies for coastal stations, and there is a 10-dB drop in 1-Hz noise levels 100-km inland. Noise levels increase by about 0.8 dB per m/sec. The strong correlation between wind speed and 1-Hz seismic noise provides justification for using satellite wind speed data to search for locations on the global spreading system where there is a better probability of recording high-frequency arrivals. The calmest sites are found on the northern east Pacific rise, near the equator in all oceans, and near 34° N and 22° S on the mid-Atlantic ridge.
Clinico-demographic analysis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic COVID -19 Patients: A one year retrospective study from a tertiary care center in Kashmir, India
Authors: Rishi Saqib , Farhana Anjum , Dewani Safura 
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID 19 disease has emerged as one of the most infectious pathogen known to humans, causing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) along with MERS and Influenza A/H1N1. The proportion of asymptomatic and mild illness is significantly higher and a minimal proportion of individuals develop a severe disease. Albeit, more cases of COVID-19 are from India, but the data regarding clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in India is very low. In this backdrop, the present study was aimed to evaluate the clinical/epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of asymptomatic vs. symptomatic COVID-19 patients. All relevant clinical and demographic and epidemiological information was recorded over a period of one year From March 2020 to march 2021. A total of 217,665 samples from clinically suspected cases of COVID-19 were collected and using upper respiratory tract swabs. RT PCR assay was conducted according to the manufacturer's instructions for the detection of RNA from SARS-CoV-2 present in the nasal pharyngeal swabs of from the patients suspected of COVID-19. Out of the total 217,665 samples, 133474 (61.3%) were males and 84,191 (38.7%) were females. Among the 24,009 (11%) tested positive cases for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15,254 (63.5%) were males and 8755 (36.5%) were females. The age group between 30 – 39 years showed high positivity and the fever was the most common symptom. Among the positive cases 60% were asymptomatic and 40% were symptomatic. Male patients, patients above 60 years of age and with comorbid conditions were more symptomatic. Children with &#60;10 years age and positive patients with age group of 10 -19 were asymptomatic. In our study, theproportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 was higher with male preponderance. Thus the higher number of asymptomatic positive patients with increased chance of transmission is missed on symptom-based screening calls for adherence to preventive measures. Thus, effective measures must be taken among the asymptomatic cases to halt the transmission of disease, prevent death and alter the course of this epidemic.
Prevalance of serologic weak D in Rh D negative blood donors in India: Immunohematological problems & recommendations for donors
Authors: Chandra Tulika , Singh Ashutosh , Solanki Archana , Agarwal Devisha 
Published: November 2022

The Rhesus (Rh) system is one of the most complex blood group systems in humans. In some individuals Rh D antigen show weaker expression on red cells. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of serologic weak D in north India and associated immunohematological problems.Cell and serum grouping were performed on all sample with the help of Qwalys 2 & Qwalys 3 (Diagast, France). All Rh D negatives samples in routine blood grouping were subjected to serologic weak D testing with the help of Erythrocytes Magnetized (EM) Technology.Total 65,407 whole blood donors were tested for blood grouping in the study period. Prevalence of serologic weak D phenotype in this study was 1.11% of Rh negative donors. The maximum number of serologic weak D phenotype were from B blood group, i.e. 13 (37.14%). The prevalence of serologic weak D varies in different part of India as well as in the world. This study reported 1.11% prevalence of serologic weak D among Rh D negative blood donors. All serologic weak D positive individuals should give a blood group card showing their Rh D status as donor and recipient. Some European centers started routine RHD gene screening of first-time donors to eliminate the risk of Rh D sensitization. Molecular testing is very costly.For developing countries like India we required an affordable molecular testing technique to improve patient care or alternatively establish reference molecular laboratory for cost effectiveness.
​The Effects of Oligochitosans on the Growth of in vitro Rice Seedlings under Salinity Stress
Authors: Lam Vo Tran , Lan Nguyen Thi , Giang Pham Huong , Tien Le Thi Thuy 
Published: November 2022

Background: Seawater intrusion causes many unfavourable effects on crops, especially rice, which is very sensitive to salt. Salinity stress reduces the growth and development of rice, thereby reducing the yield. This is an important issue affecting the food security of many countries in the world. This study focused on using oligochitosans to increase salinity tolerance and improve rice growth at the seedling stage. Methods: Dry and rice-sprouted seeds were treated with oligochitosan solutions of different molecular weights and concentrations and incubated in NaCl solution at a concentration of 0.6%. The salinity tolerance of rice seedlings was assessed through in vitro indices in the plants’ shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots (apical and lateral roots) and root length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total sugar and total protein. Result: Oligochitosan 5994 Da at a concentration of 75 ppm improved the growth of rice seedlings under salinity conditions. Oligochitosan 11126 Da at the concentration of 100 ppm improved the growth of rice seedlings under salinity stress in the investigation of dry seed treatment. The salinity tolerance of rice seedlings was observed through the increase of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and total sugar concentration and morphology.
An exploratory study on the effect of a four-week stroboscopic vision training program on soccer dribbling performance
Authors: Palmer Tim , Coutts Aaron J. , Fransen Job 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Perceptual-cognitive skill is a crucial component of expert performance in sport as expert athletes rely on the integration and processing of sensory information to execute complex actions. One of the topics of interest to skill acquisition researchers is therefore how the perceptual-cognitive system can be trained, and how that affects sport skill performance. One of the methods suggested to be able to aid in the training of perceptual-cognitive skill is restricted visual feedback training. Recently, stroboscopic vision glasses have been proposed as a tool that can restrict visual feedback during sport training and may therefore provide a useful tool for training sport-specific skills.However, despite its use in practice, evidence for the beneficial effect of stroboscopic vision on sport-specific performance across youth athletes with a range of performance levels is currently lacking.
AIM: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a four-week soccer training program with (experimental group) or without (control group) stroboscopic vision on the dribbling performance of relatively fast and slow dribblers.
METHOD: To measure dribbling performance, this study used the Ugent Soccer dribbling task.
RESULTS: A Repeated Measures MANOVA revealed that four weeks of stroboscopic vision training did not improve soccer dribbling skill measured through the time taken to complete the dribbling task as well as the number of touches of the ball while dribbling.
CONCLUSION: While stroboscopic vision can likely lead to short term changes in perceptual-cognitive skill, it is likely not related to persistent changes in soccer dribbling performance in youth soccer players.
Hubungan Waktu Kerja dan Kelelahan Subjektif Dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Pada Pengemudi Ojek Online
Authors: Oktavia Nurul Dewi , Widajati Noeroel , Pramesti Nala Astari 
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas meningkat setiap tahunnya sejalan dengan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor. Kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat berdampak pada kemajuan bidang trasnportasi, sehingga tercipta aplikasi Ojek berbasis Online. Pada tahun 2020 tecatat sebanyak 2 juta driver online yang terdaftar pada satu perusahan dibidang transportasi. Kecelakaan pada pengemudi ojek online dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah lama waktu kerja dan kelelahan subjektif. Pekerjaan sebagai ojek online mengharuskan pekerja bekerja pada lingkungan kerja yang panas, hal tersebut memicu terjadinya kelelahan pada pekerja yang mengakibatkan kejadian kecelakaan. Hal tersebut dapat diperparah dengan lama waktu kerja lebih dari delapan jam sehari dan tidak disertai istirahat cukup.
Tujuan: Mengetahui kuat hubungan antara waktu kerja dan kelelahan subjektif dengan kejadian kecelakaan pada pengemudi ojek online.
Metode: Penelitian ini berjenis observasional analitik dengan rancang bangun cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pengemudi ojek online sepeda motor di wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo sebanyak 110 responden. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu kerja dan kelelahan subjektif sedangkan untuk variabel terikat yaitu kejadian kecelakaan.
Hasil: Hubungan antar variabel diukur menggunakan uji Cramers V dan Coeficient Contingensi. Hasil analisis menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan kuat hubungan lemah durasi kerja (CI=0,209), sedangkan terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat dengan arah positif untuk kelelahan subjektif (r=0,326) dengan kejadian kecelakaan pada pengemudi ojek online.
Kesimpulan: Hasil analisis menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara waktu kerja dengan kejadian kecelakaan pada pengemudi ojek online, sedangkan terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara kelelahan subjektif dengan kecelakaan. Dari hasil analisis data arah hubungan kedua variabel independen adalah positif artinya semakin lama waktu kerja akan menyebabkan peningkatan kelelahan dan kejadian kecelakaan kerja.
Hubungan Literasi Kesehatan terkait Gizi dan Pola Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah pada Mahasiswa Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Fermeza Ratu Dien Prima , Isaura Emyr Reisha 
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Kondisi konsumsi pangan masyarakat saat ini masih belum memenuhi pedoman gizi seimbang karena penduduk Indonesia masih tergolong kurang dalam mengonsumsi sayur dan buah. Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa tergolong kurang konsumsi sayur dan buah selama masa pandemi. Mahasiswa menjalani perkuliahan jarak jauh mendorong terjadinya peningkatan penggunaan gawai dan melakukan pencarian terkait kesehatan.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan literasi kesehatan terkait gizi dengan pola konsumsi sayur dan buah pada mahasiswa selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan google form yang disebar melalui sosial media. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 150 orang dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah SFLQ untuk menetahui tingkat literasi kesehatan terkait gizi dan SQ-FFQ untuk mengukur pola makan sayur dan buah dalam satu bulan.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usia remaja akhir (58,6%), perempuan (46,0%), mahasiswa tahun awal (29,7%), dan mahasiswa bidang studi non-kesehatan (26,0%) tergolong kurang konsumsi sayur dan buah. Literasi kesehatan terkait gizi berhubungan dengan konsumsi sayur dan buah selama pandemi COVID-19.
Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa Universitas Airlangga selama masa pandemi COVID-19 mayoritas memiliki tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah yang cukup dan literasi yang baik. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,007) dan literasi kesehatan terkait gizi (p=0,002) dengan pola konsumsi sayur dan buah.
Kata Kunci: literasi kesehatan, sayur dan buah, mahasiswa
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA)
Authors: Kolbi Vindi elok latifatul 
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Seluruh Dunia masih dihadapkan oleh permasalahan yang sama yakni HIV/AIDS. Penyakit yang tak kunjung usai ini cukup membahayakan mengingat belum adanya obat untuk penyakit ini hanya ada Anti Retro Viral (ARV) yang merupakan obat untuk membekukan virus dan mempertahankan hidup Data terakhir sampai Maret 2021, seperti dilaporkan oleh Ditjen P2P, Kemenkes RI, tanggal 25 Mei 2021, menunjukkan jumlah kumulatif kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia sebanyak 558.618 yang terdiri atas 427.201 HIV dan 131.417 AIDS.
Tujuan: tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Kualitas Hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA).
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam analitik ini adalah systematic literatur review, mengenai factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids(ODHA) menggunakan modifikasi Population, Intervensi, Outcom (PICO) dengan database elektronik garuda, google schooler dan neliti. Menggunakan kata kunci. Kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi artikel dengan tahun terbit 2013-2021, responden seluruh Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA) yang terdampingi, menggunakan metode RATER, artikel full text.
Ulasan: menunjukkan 7 jurnal dengan berbagai variable diukur pengaruhnya dimana 4 jurnal dengan variable sama dan 3 jurnal variable berkaitan dihasilkan 7 variabel tidak berpengaruh dan lainnya memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Berdasarkan 7 jurnal tersebut didapatkan dengan hasil akhir 9 variabel berhubungan dengan 2 barkaitan memiliki pengaruh tertinggi terhadap kualitas Hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA).
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwasannya dukungan social merupakan factor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas hidup Odha. Setelah itu disusul oleh factor kepatuhan dalam minum obat juga memiliki pengaruh yang cukup tinggi. Dalam hal ini peran keluarga sangat diperlukan. Factor depresi memiliki pengaruh 10 kali lipat disbanding jrnis kelamin, status marital serta stadium penyakit terhadap kualitas hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA). Saran yang dsebaiknya dibutuhkan adalah peran social, peran pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan, layanan kesehatan dalam memprhatikan pasien HIV/AIDS, serta control pandangan masyarakat terhadap Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA). Factor lain yang juga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids (ODHA) adalah pendidikan, pengetahuan, status marital serta jenis kelamin.