bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of The Artificial Insemination Result Based on Anestrus Post Insemination in Bali Cattle Herds at The Regency of Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Topianong Tarsisius Considus , Budiyanto Agung , Setyawan Erif Maha Nugraha 
Published: November 2022

Anestrus is one of indirect clinical signs of cattle pregnancy. Based on the present of sufficient progesterone on the blood, the cattle with pregnancy condition will not show the signs of estrus. The success of artificial insemination (AI) is the occurrence of fertilization followed by pregnancy and parturition. This involves a complex relationship between semen quality and oocytes, estrus detection, AI punctuality, inseminator and farmers ability. Artificial insemination should be performed at the relative optimum time to ovulation. Estrus detection is an important factor to determine the time of AI. Estrus Detection of Bali cattles of the farmer is often difficult observed or not observed, especially in semi-intensive system maintenance. From this review it can be seen that there is the different proportion of inseminators on the incidence of estrus after AI. However, determination of the role of inseminator on the success of AI and then the other factors that affect the success of the AI should be under ideal conditions. Straw from the different bulls breed gave the same of AI result. The estimate of pregnancy rate of 80 cows after AI is 55 %. Estrus detection on 21st days after AI can be used as a detection method for early diagnosis of pregnancy, especially for the farmers who did not have any ability or authority to perform medical acts of reproduction which is only owned by a veterinarian. Observation, recording and evaluation of the implementation of the AI should be made until the end of pregnancy followed by the process of parturition.
Developmental Anatomy of Cerebellum of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at the First Trimester of Gestation
Authors: Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu , Megawati Saputra Irene Linda , Suminar Agnya Sinung 
Published: November 2022

Long tailed macaque was one of animal models in biomedical research because it has many similarities with humans, both anatomical and physiological properties. There were many research about cerebellum associated with its role in the coordination of muscle activity. Understanding of normal development of cerebellum long tailed macaque may help to understand about the development in human cerebellum and its abnormalities. Embryonic and fetal brain samples were obtained through caesarean section and were then made for histological preparation stained with cresyl violet. Staining results were observed using a microscope with a digital camera. Images obtained are processed by graphics software Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Ed40 showed the isthmus and rhombic lip that were composed of ventricular layer, mantle layer, and marginal layer. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Fd55 showed future lobes and future fissures, but the cortex and medulla are not bounded clear. The cortex consisted of the external granular layer, neuroblast basket, and neuroblast stellate, while the medulla consisted of neuroblast deep cerebellar nuclei. From this research, we concluded that neurons were on stage of proliferation and migration in the embryo aged 40 days, then differentiated and migrated to form cortex cerebellum and deep cerebellar nuclei at the age of 55 days, but the development of the cerebellum was not fully completed yet.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Thymidin Kinase Gene Koi HerpesVirus (KHV) in Some Freshwater Fish Aquaculture Centers in East Java
Authors: Wahidi Budi Rianto 
Published: November 2022

Koi Herpesvirus ( KHV ) is a virus that infects goldfish and koi that resulted in mass death and cause economic and social losses. The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to detect KHV was done in nila and gurame. Proof that KHV could infect nila and gurame KHV following genetic variation in each definitive host and spreading area have not been done. Based on these problems, this research was conducted to study the genetic variability and genetic relationships between KHV isolates in some freshwater fish as the definitive host koi, komet , koki, nila and gurame that exist in the area of East Java. The results showed that clinically the gills were pale and hemorrage the end of the tail fin. Electrophoresis results showed that all samples from KHV infected koi, koki, komet, nila and gurame were all positive but the sequencing results for tilapia and carp could not be further identified using the BLAST program. Genetically, koi fish, koki and komet isolates were identical to GenBank isolates code KHV-GZ11 and Indo_0K02SS.
The Accuracy of Transrectal Ultrasonography Diagnostic for Examination of Ovarian Structures in Cattle
Authors: Putro Prabowo Purwono 
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to determine the accuracy of ovarian follicle and corpus luteum measurements in vivo using ultrasonography diagnostic and in vitro after slicing of the ovaries. A total of 15 cows were examined using transrectal ultrasonography just before being slaughtered. Ultrasonographic examination was performed using 7.5 MHz transrectal tranducer on ovaries, measured dominant follicle and corpus luteum diameters. Follicleappeared echogenic, black with round shape. Corpus luteum, appeared as low echogenicity structure and grayish in color.Ovaries were taken out soon after animals slaughtered, soaked in 10% buffered formalin for 12 hours,then cut in thin slices and measured follicle and corpus luteum diameters. Results of follicle and corpus luteum diameter measurements in vitro and in vivo compared using two sample or paired t-test, correlation and regression analyses. The two methods of follicle and corpus luteum measurements had linear orrelation (follicle measurement, R2 = 0.933 , r = 0.966, n = 15, P < 0.05) (corpus luteum, R2 = 0.912, r = 0.955, n = 15, P < 0.05).Measurements of dominant follicle diameter and corpus luteum size manifested the real size of the two ovarian structures. Transrectal ultrasonography diagnostic on ovaries proved to be having high accuracy and reliability for identification, measurement of ovarian structure diameters, follicle and corpus luteum in cattle.
Pathogen Inventory of Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) in Fish Quarantine Supadio, Pontianak
Authors: Herawati Ristyana Dewi 
Published: November 2022

Disease was a major obstacle in the cultivation of orrnamental fish, one of them is botia. The many types of diseases that infected botia can cause huge losses. The efforts that could minimize these losses was prevented the spread of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of pathogen that infected botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) in fish quarantine Supadio, Pontianak. The observations were identification of parasites, bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the agent of disease affecting botia are Gyrodactylus sp., Myxobolus sp., Argulus sp., Vorticella sp. from parasite agent, Neisseria sp., Aeromonashydrophila, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pasteurella hemolytica from bacteria agent and Saprolegnia sp. from fungi agent. All of agent diseases are not belonged to fish disease quarantine.
DYNAMICS OF NUMBER OF NEMATODE LARVAE IN GRASS IN THE PASTURE
Authors: Prastowo Joko , Sumartono Sumartono 
Published: November 2022

The existence of nematode larvae in a pasture can be used as an indication of infection or reinfection in animal grazing on it. The objective of the current study was to reveal the dynamics of the number of nematode larvae found on the grass of a pasture.Three locations of the pasture of the teaching farm of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine GMU, were chosen as sampling areas. Grass of the areas was cut just on top of the soO five times a day for ten day namely at 5, 6-9 am - 1 pm, 2-5 pm and 6 pm. Following cutting, the grass was kef t m a tube and washed with detergent solution. The washing solution was examined under a stereomicroscope, and the larvae observed were counted. Differences in the number of larvae between locations and collection times were analysed statistically by names of factorial analysis of variance.The results show that the mean number of larvae varies between 03 ± 0.67 and 6.1 ± 2.95 per grass. The number of larvae is not significantly different (F > 0,05). Cutting at however, is influenced by collection time (P < 0,05). Cutting at 5-9 am gives the largest number of larvae, while 6 pm gives the lowest count. '
ARTIFICIAL INFECTION STUDY OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA IN LOCAL SHEEP AND ITS IMPACT ON WEIGHT GAIN, HEMATOLOGY AND	ENZYME GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE
Authors: Khajadatun Khajadatun , DP Wardiarto , Budiharta Setyawan 
Published: November 2022

This research was to investigate the effect of infection of Fasciola gigantica on weight gain, blood picture and the level of iiver damage of local sheep, and the correlation between the number of metacercariae infectH and the number of the fluke recovered. Twenty male local sheep, were allocated randomly into 4 different groups. One group used as uninfected control and a total of 200, 500 and 1.000 metacercariae was infected into animals of groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Variables evaluated include weight gain, blood picture, gamma glutamyl tons/erase (GGTase) activity, and the number of egg and the fluke recovered. All individual sheep were weighed every week, whole blood and sera were taken every 3 weeks, fecal samples were started to b« examined 8 weeks after infection and every week thereafter. Weight gain, hematology picture and enzyme GGTase activity were anafized by split-plot, the number of egg and fluke recovered were analized by correlation. All sheep were killed 18 weeks after infection. The results show that infection F. gigantica causes norntocytic normochromic anemia in local sheep. Increased GGTase acitivity is observed. The number of fluke recovered correlates with the number of metacercariae infected.
CALCULATION OF % PROGESTERONE IN SKIM MILK FRACTION WHEN CENTRIFUGATION TEMPERATURE AND % BUTTERFAT OF WHOLE MILK ARE KNOWN
Authors: Hartantyo Sri 
Published: November 2022

Air susu dikumpelkan dari 70 fkor sapi perah, Departemen Animal Science, Michigan State University, USA-, sampel-sampel tersebut diperlakukan terhadop berbagai temperatur perlakuan, yaitu : 0.10 C : I 0C : 30 C : 50 C : 100 C : 200 C : 300 C dan kontrol Periode inkubasi dilakukan 10 jam. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dari grafik kalkulasi persentase progesteron pada skim milk apabila temperatur sentrifugasi dan kadar lemak susu diketahui maka diperoleh hasil bahwa semakin tinggi kadar lemak ternyata persentase progesteron dalam skim milk akan menurun. Dapat diketahui pula bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur, kadar progesteron dalam skim milk akain menurun sejajar dengan peningkatan kadar lemak.
EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAV1N SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BORATE IN WHITE RATS
Authors: Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu , Sunaryo Sumiyati 
Published: November 2022

Na-borate gave teratogenic effects both to rats and chickens. In chickens the fetal malformations caused by borate treatments were similar to those due to riboflavin deficiency. It was proposed that in embryonated eggs borate built a bond with riboflavin, so that riboflavin could not junction properly. This present investigation was conducted to assess the possibility of riboflavin in prevent the teratogenic effects of Na-borate in rats.Nineteen primigravida Wistar rats were allocated randomly to one of treatment groups, i. e, 9 rats were orally treated with 180 mg/200g BW/day, No-borate the other 10 rats beside treated with Na-borate, they were also treated orally with 2.5 mg/rat/day riboflavin. The treatments were done during the pregnancy on day 6 to 15. On day 20 the pregnant does were caesarean sectioned under ether anaesthesia. After all fetal malformations were noted, then all fetuses were placed in alcohol 70%, prepared for alizarin method for microscopic skeleton inspection. Chi square analysis of the gross inspection malformations, i e. the resorbed vs. the unresorbed, the alive vs. the dead, the haemorrhage vs. the non Hemorrhage fetuses of the two treatments showed unsignificant difference. Riboflavin supplementation increased singnificantly the number of fetuses with omphalocel. T-test analysis indicated that riboflavinsupplementation highly significantly caused the fore and hind paw, costal, sternal defects became more serious, if also significantly reduced the weight and the length of the fetuses. This investigation revealed that riboflavin supplementation failed to prevent, but even caused the teratogenic effects of the Na-borate to rats became more serious.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as a Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: McEwan Phil , Darlington Oliver , Miller Ryan , McMurray John J.V. , Wheeler David C. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Briggs Andrew , Bergenheim Klas , Garcia Sanchez Juan Jose 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives
CKD imposes a significant burden on patients and health care providers, particularly upon reaching kidney failure when patients may require KRT. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin, with standard therapy, reduced CKD progression and KRT requirement. The study objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for the treatment of CKD from payer perspectives in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We constructed a lifetime Markov model to characterize outcomes in patients with CKD on the basis of the DAPA-CKD trial. Health states were defined by eGFR level and KRT type. Direct health care costs and utility values were sourced from published literature and the DAPA-CKD trial, respectively. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5% per annum in the United Kingdom and 3% in Germany and Spain.

Results
In patients eligible for the DAPA-CKD trial, treatment with dapagliflozin was predicted to reduce rates of CKD progression, with patients predicted to spend 1.7 (95% credibility interval, 0.8 to 2.4) more years in the eGFR range 15–89 ml/min per 1.73 m2 versus standard therapy alone (12.1; 95% credibility interval, 8.9 to 14.1 versus 10.4; 95% credibility interval, 7.7 to 12.4 years). Life expectancy (undiscounted) was correspondingly predicted to increase by 1.7 (95% credibility interval, 0.7 to 2.5) years (15.5; 95% credibility interval, 11.1 to 18.2 versus 13.8; 95% credibility interval, 9.9 to 16.5 years). This in addition to reduced incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure, resulted in modeled quality-adjusted life year (discounted) gains between 0.82 (95% credibility interval, 0.38 to 1.18) and 1.00 (95% credibility interval, 0.46 to 1.41). These gains translated to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $8280, $17,623, and $11,687 in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain, respectively, indicating cost-effectiveness at willingness-to-pay thresholds (United Kingdom: $27,510 per quality-adjusted life year; Germany and Spain: $35,503 per quality-adjusted life year).

Conclusions
In patients meeting the eligibility requirements for the DAPA-CKD trial, dapagliflozin is likely to be a cost-effective treatment within the UK, German, and Spanish health care systems.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD), NCT03036150
Lembar Kerja Elektronik Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Muatan Pelajaran IPA
Authors: Srikawati Ni Kadek Ayu , Suarjana I Made 
Published: November 2022

Kurangnya inovasi yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran IPA berdampak pada penurunan minat belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengembangkan E-LKPD berbasis PjBL guna memfasilitasi belajar siswa. Penelitian tergolong kedalam penelitian pengembangan yang dikembangkan dengan model 4D. Model pengembangan 4D terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 ahli yaitu 2 ahli materi, 2 ahli media dan 2 praktis. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini yaitu kelas IV SD. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan penyebaran angket, dengan instrument penelitian yang digunakan yakni kuesioner ahli isi materi, ahli media, dan instrument uji praktisi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian yang diberikan oleh ahli isi materi pembelajaran mencapai tingkat 94,5% (sangat baik). Hasil penilaian oleh ahli media pembelajaran mencapai tingkat 95,5% (sangat baik, praktisi 98% (sangat baik.) Hasil respon siswa rata-rata adalah 5 (setuju). Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis PjBL layak untuk dikembangkan dan digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Model Pembelajaran Value Clarification Technique dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Widiana I Wayan 
Published: November 2022

Permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah masih banyaknya siswa yang kurang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis sehingga berpengaruh pada hasil belajar PKn yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis dampak model pembelajaran value clarification technique dan pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah non equivalent post-test only control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD yang berjumlah 95 siswa. Sampel diambil dengan teknik random sampling dengan jumlah 50 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yaitu lembar tes objektif. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan uji-t sampel tak berkorelasi (Independent T-Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran VCT dengan kelompok yang dibelajarkan tanpa menggunakan model pembelajaran VCT. Hasil penelitian ini dikuatkan berdasarkan perhitungan uji-t yang memperoleh hasil angka signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti kurang dari 0,05 (0,000<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Value Clarification Technique (VCT) berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV SD. Model pembelajaran Value Clarification Technique (VCT) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar.
Detection of Mask Usage Using Image Processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Methods
Authors: Asri Ervan , Sonatha Yance , Rahmayuni Indri , Azmi Meri 
Published: November 2022

Since the first case of COVID-19 was discovered in Indonesia in March 2020, the number of positively contaminated patients is increasing every day. On April 13, 2021, there were 1,571,824 patients who were positively contaminated with COVID-19. Various efforts have been made to suppress the spread of this dangerous virus, one of which is by implementing health protocols that must be obeyed when someone is in a crowd. The recommendation to use masks is a form of health protocol. Often people ignore the importance of using masks in public places, sometimes masks are used not in accordance with justified recommendations. For this reason, research is proposed which will later produce a system that can detect whether someone has used a mask correctly. The system was developed using a deep learning method using a convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN will classify data objects in the form of images / user images and determine whether they are wearing masks correctly or not. The output of the system in the form of audio will be delivered through speakers installed adjacent to the camera which will scan the user's face.
Two different smartwatches exhibit high accuracy in evaluating heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation in cats when compared with the electrocardiography and transmittance pulse oximetry
Authors: Yanmaz Latif Emrah , Okur Sitkican , Ersoz Ugur , Senocak Mumin Gokhan , Turgut Ferda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy for 2 smartwatches with oximetry technology and optical wrist heart rate (HR) or single-lead Electrocardiography (ECG) technology (Fenix 5X Plus [GF5xp], Garmin Ltd and Apple Watch 6 [AppW6], Apple Inc, respectively) versus reference methods (ECG and transmittance pulse oximetry [TPO], respectively) in measuring HR and peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2) in cats.

ANIMALS
10 male client-owned cats aged 8 to 12 months and weighing 3.2 to 4.5 kg.

PROCEDURES
All cats that were presented for elective castration at the Atatürk University Animal Hospital between March 10 and April 15, 2022, were considered for enrollment. Monitoring of HR and SpO2 during anesthesia was performed with a 3-lead ECG and transmittance pulse oximetry, respectively, connected to a multiparameter monitor (reference methods) along with a GF5xp and a AppW6. Agreement between reference methods and the smartwatches were assessed by the Bland-Altman plot, in which the differences (%) between methods were plotted against their mean HR or SpO2 (reference method measurement – test device measurement) and the limits of agreement (mean ± 1.96 × SD).

RESULTS
Compared with ECG measurements of HR, GF5xp had superior bias (–0.1%) and limit of agreement (LoA, 3.0 to –3.3%) versus those of the AppW6 (bias, 0.2%; LoA, 3.7 to –3.4%). Compared with TPO measurements of SpO2, AppW6 had superior bias (0.2%) and LoA (3.0% and –2.5%) versus those of the GF5xp (bias, –2.1%; LoA, 0.2 to –4.4%).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that the GF5xp and AppW6 exhibited high accuracy in evaluating HR and SpO2 in cats when compared with the reference methods. However, it should be noted that these comparisons were made in anesthetized patients without any systemic disease.
High-flow nasal cannula improves hypoxemia in dogs failing conventional oxygen therapy
Authors: Frischer Robert , Daly Jennifer , Haggerty Jamie , Guenther Christine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
A prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in dogs with hypoxemia.

ANIMALS
20 client-owned dogs failing conventional oxygen therapy (COT).

PROCEDURES
Patients admitted to the ICU for treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure were enrolled in the study. PaO2, SPO2, respiratory rate (RR), and acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation scores were obtained at the time of COT failure and after initiation of HFNC. Complications and patient tolerance while receiving HFNC were also recorded.

RESULTS
Compared to COT, the median PaO2 and SO2 were significantly higher when dogs were receiving HFNC (60.8 vs 135.6 mm Hg and 90.7% vs 99.25%, respectively). Dogs receiving HFNC had a significant reduction in median RR as compared to dogs undergoing COT (52 vs 36 breaths per minute). After the initiation of HFNC, all dogs showed clinical improvement as measured by PaO2, SO2, and RR. Of 20 dogs, 6 ultimately failed HFNC and mechanical ventilation was recommended. Nine dogs undergoing HFNC survived to discharge, and acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation scores had a significant positive severity correlation with death. Complications included pneumothorax in 1 dog.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
COT has limited flow rates due to airway irritation caused by room temperature, nonhumidified oxygen. HFNC uses vapor humidification and heated oxygen, allowing for higher flow rates. In people, HFNC is used as escalation of oxygen therapy when COT fails. Dogs treated with HFNC had significant improvements in PaO2, SO2, and RR as compared to COT. HFNC is well tolerated and effective in treating hypoxemia in dogs.