bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enablement of nursing home residents in infection prevention during general practitioner visits: A qualitative study
Authors: Hammerschmidt Judith , Heier Lina , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Hand hygiene measures are essential to protect nursing home residents against nosocomial infections. Evidence on the prevention of nosocomial infections for nursing home residents by general practitioners during their medical visits in nursing homes or how they enable nursing home residents to perform hand hygiene measures is lacking. This study aimed to explore hand hygiene behaviors of general practitioners in nursing homes, their attitudes toward infection prevention measures, and the enablement of nursing home residents in performing hand hygiene measures.

Materials and methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners and nursing home residents in Germany. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
Overall, 12 general practitioners and 12 nursing home residents participated in the study. The general practitioners expressed the fact that the possibilities for practicing hand hygiene differ in individual nursing homes. For nursing home residents, the availability of hand rub solutions was limited. Instructions for residents on hand disinfection from general practitioners was not described. Due to the lack of enablement, the residents’ knowledge on how to correctly perform hand hygiene was low, although some of the nursing home residents have experience with multidrug-resistant organisms. The nursing home residents varied in their needs for active participation and enablement during the general practitioners visit.

Conclusion
Nursing home residents require continuous enablement by their general practitioners to maintain adequate hand hygiene. Therefore, general practitioners should consider the different needs of nursing home residents to ensure adequate individual hand hygiene and safety for the residents. Existing guidelines for infection prevention and control do not adequately cover the nursing home care setting for the enablement of residents to enquire about hand hygiene.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with autoimmune diseases
Authors: Li Jin-Yue , Sun Xiao-Han , Shen Dong-chao , Yang Xun-Zhe , Liu Ming-Sheng , Cui Li-Ying 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
The occurrence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is widely reported, but little is known about the associated clinical phenotype. This study aims to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of ALS patients with AID.

Methods
This retrospective study was based on the ALS Registry dataset of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2020. Clinical features and inflammatory biomarkers at registration were compared between ALS patients with coexisting AIDs and those without (controls). The medical records of immunotherapy were also collected. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to study the survival of ALS patients.

Results
There are 26 (1.6%) ALS patients with AIDs in our database. The ALS patients with AIDs had older ages at onset and poorer respiratory function than controls (p<0.05). After propensity score matching by sex, onset age, and disease duration, the difference in respiratory function remained significant between groups. We found no differences in overall survival between ALS patients with and without AIDs before and after matching (p = 0.836; p = 0.395). Older age at onset, rapid disease progression, and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were associated with shorter survival (p<0.05). Among ALS patients with AIDs, 8 (30.8%) had a history of immunotherapy and showed slightly prolonged survival compared with those without immunotherapy, but the results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.355).

Conclusions
Patients with coexisting ALS and AIDs had older onset age and poorer respiratory function but similar overall survival than those with pure ALS.
Hygienic disposal of stools and risk of diarrheal episodes among children aged under two years: Evidence from the Ghana Demographic Health Survey, 2003–2014
Authors: Tetteh John , Adomako Isaac , Udofia Emilia Asuquo , Yarney Elom , Quansah Henry , Yawson Anita Ohenewa , Essuman Akye , Yawson Alfred Edwin 
Published: April 2022

Background
Most childhood diarrheal illnesses are a result of the faeco-oral transmission of infected food, water, and unclean fingers. The present paper was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hygienic disposal of stools (HDS) and its associated factors, and further quantify the impact of HDS on diarrheal diseases among children under two years.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate three rounds of the Ghana Demographic Health Survey (GDHS) from 2003–2014 involving 4869 women with children aged under two years. The outcomes were prevalence of HDS and diarrheal diseases. Poisson regression model was employed to assess risk factors associated with HDS and dominance analysis was used to rank the important risk factors. Inverse Probability Weighting Poisson Regression Adjustment (IPWPRA) with Propensity Score 1:1 density kernel-based matching was employed to assess impact.

Results
The pooled prevalence rate of HDS was 26.5%(95%CI = 24.6–28.4) and it ranged from 18.7% (95%CI = 16.4–21.2) in 2014 to 38.8%(95%CI = 35.3–42.4) in 2003. Diarrhea diseases pooled prevalence was 17.9%(95%CI = 16.4–19.5) and ranged from 13.3%(95%CI = 11.1–15.9) in 2014 to 25.4%(95%CI = 22.2–28.9) in 2003. The overall growth rate for HDS and prevalence of diarrhea diseases, decreased by 21.6% and 11.4% respectively. The most important risk factors of HDS from dominance analysis included; age of the child, wealth index, and differences in region. From pooled data wealth index, increasing age of the child, and regional disparity constituted approximately 72% of the overall impact (Weighted Standardized Dominance Statistics (WSDS) = 0.30, 0.24, and 0.19 respectively). In 2014, they constituted approximately 79% (WSDS = 0.139, 0.177 and 0.471 respectively). The average prevalence of diarrheal diseases among children of women who practiced HDS reduced over the period of the GDHS compared to those whose mothers did not practice HDS [2008 ATE(95%CI) = -0.09(-0.16–0.02), 2014 ATE(95%CI) = -0.05(-0.09–0.01) and Pooled data ATE(95%CI) = -0.05(-0.09–0.02)].

Conclusion
This analysis has provided empirical evidence of the impact of practicing HDS in Ghana from a national household survey. Implementation of the WASH agenda in this low-income setting requires a synergy of interventions and collaborations of actors (government, private and development partners) to improve water and sanitation facilities and to increase hygiene education to prevent the spread of diseases including diarrhea by 2025.
The contribution of avoidable factors in doubling or halving the odds of hypertension
Authors: Poorolajal Jalal , Mohammadi Younes , Doosti-Irani Amin , Khosh-Manesh Saman 
Published: April 2022

Background
Despite the well-known impact of fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol on blood pressure, the amount of exposure to these factors is required to halve or double the odds of hypertension is unknown, but it was investigated in this research.

Methods
The data used in this study are derived from results of the seventh Iranian national STEPS survey involving 30,542 adults aged 18 years or older. The questionnaire measured non-communicable disease risk factors covered three different levels including behavioral characteristics, physical and biochemical measurements. The level of exposure to factors necessary to reach the odds ratio of 0.5 or odds ratio of 2.0 was obtained from the coefficients of the multiple logistic regression model.

Results
An OR of 0.5 corresponds to 7 servings of fruit and vegetable consumption daily and burning of 7175 kcal through physical activity at work or recreation daily. An OR of 2.0 corresponds to an increase in body mass index of about 11 kg/m2, an increase in the waist-hip ratio of about 18%, an increase in fasting blood glucose of about 77 mg/dl, and an increase in total cholesterol of about 134 mg/dl.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate how much fruit and vegetable and physical activity halve the odds of hypertension and how much increase in body mass index, the waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol can double the odds of hypertension. Such information may be useful for developing guidelines by policymakers.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)-Induced Hepatitis
Authors: Allison Devin R. , Mubarak Muhammad , Sharma Neal , Rao Deepthi S. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Kratom is a plant with opioid-like properties known to produce stimulant and analgesic effects. Although there are numerous studies on the psychoactive components of kratom, less is known about the toxicity. Specifically, few reports describe kratom-induced hepatotoxicity and demonstrate histological features. We provide a case report detailing the clinicopathologic findings of drug-induced liver injury caused by kratom. The laboratory workup included significant elevation of total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy demonstrated a prominent canalicular cholestatic pattern, mixed portal inflammation, and newly described perivenular necrosis. This report provides additional information on kratom toxicity because its use continues to rise.
Interpreting Structural Shocks and Assessing Their Historical Importance
Authors: Herrera Luis , Vázquez Jesús 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We revisit three major US recessions through the lens of a standard medium-scale DSGE model (Smets, F., and R. Wouters. 2007. “Shocks and Frictions in US Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach.” The American Economic Review 97: 586–606) augmented with financial frictions. We first estimate the DSGE model using a Bayesian approach for three alternative periods, each containing a major US recession: the Great Depression, the Stagflation and the Great Recession. Then, we assess the stability of structural parameters, and analyze what frictions were particularly important and what shocks were the main drivers of aggregate fluctuations in each historical period. This exercise can be understood as a test of the standard New-Keynesian DSGE model with financial accelerator in closed economies. We find that the estimated DSGE model is able to provide a sound explanation of all three recessions by closely relating both estimated structural shocks and frictions with well known economic events.
Ansätze zur Vernetzung von Daten für die Bildungsforschung und das Bildungsmonitoring in der Schweiz
Authors: Haymoz Rahel , Alt Sharon , Schiller David H. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Datenquellen, die für die Bildungsforschung sowie für das Bildungsmonitoring in der Schweiz genutzt werden können. Dennoch ist die Landschaft fragmentiert. Einzelne Quellen sind schwer zu finden und ihr Forschungspotenzial schwer abzuschätzen. Die Integration von Datenquellen könnte einen Mehrwert für die Forschung und das Bildungsmonitoring bieten. Hier wird eine Podiumsdiskussion zu diesem Thema und davon ausgehend drei Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Potenzials von Daten für den Bildungsraum Schweiz vorgestellt.
Theoretical framework for ecological discourse analysis: A summary of New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis
Authors: Cheng Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article is a summary of the newly published book New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis. On the premise of reviewing the overall development of ecolinguistics, this book firstly develops the Hallidayan approach and defines Ecological Discourse Analysis as an independent paradigm. Based on the guiding principle of the ecosophy, “Diversity and Harmony, Interaction and Co-existence”, it then expands and extends the experiential, interpersonal, textual, and logical metafunctions within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Consequently, it constructs the theoretical systems of Ecological Discourse Analysis from the perspective of ecolinguistics: the transitivity system, mood system, appraisal system, Theme system, cohesion and coherence system, and logical system. This book presents readers with a comprehensive and applicable theoretical framework for Ecological Discourse Analysis, that is, “ecological grammar”.
The interaction and rhetorical conflict between systemic linguistics and generative linguistics
Authors: Feng Zongxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe distinction of systemic linguistics and generative linguistics has led to more problems for systemicists than for generativists: Halliday’s theory has been widely applied but has not been adequately valued as an influential strand of functional grammars in discussions on functionalism and formalism in linguistics; Halliday recognizes Chomsky’s theoretical importance but fails to get Chomsky to respond to his questioning. By focusing on the complementarity and reconcilability of functionalist and formalist approaches to language, this paper discusses the common concerns and dialogues along with discursive differences and rhetorical conflicts between Halliday and Chomsky, and proposes that what stands between them is a difference of discourses of argumentation rather than an opposition of functionalism and formalism. It suggests a few things that at least some systemic linguists need to do in order to further interact with generative linguists who may not be interested in the systemic enterprise. It concludes that since Halliday’s social semiotic theory aims at everyday problems of living and learning, it should not be difficult for systemic linguists to solve the problem of communicating with Chomsky and his followers.
Les roues mycéniennes de char: o-da-tweta, te-mi-dwe-ta, rota et rota+TE
Authors: Duhoux Yves 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Linear B data, combined with archaeological, chronological and geographic facts, help to suggest some new solutions to problems linked with the inventories of Mycenaean chariot’s wheels. For instance, o-da-twe-ta and te-midwe- ta could mean respectively “with studded-tread” or “serrated” tyres and “with (special) tyre”. Etc.
Sobre la forma verbal a-pi-e-ke y la interpretación de PY Un 2
Authors: Jiménez Delgado José Miguel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the Mycenaean verb form a-pie- ke. This form has so far received three possible interpretations: a third person singular of the present indicative of ἀμφι-έχω; of the kappa aorist of ἀμφι-ίημι; of the kappa aorist of a compound with ἀπό and a verb lost in the first millennium and etymologically related to ἱερός. According to our analysis, the second one is to be preferred both from morphological and semantic reasons. Moreover, this interpretation befits the practices of Mycenaean administration: the tablet is the record of a delivery of goods from the warehouses of the palace to be consumed in a banquet, so an aorist form perfectly describes the act of sending them. Finally, at least one Homeric parallel can be adduced to account for the meaning of ἀμφι- in the Mycenaean compound.
A new Carian inscription on the left leg of a kouros found south of the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in Euromos
Authors: Adiego Ignasi-Xavier , Kızıl Abuzer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines and discusses a new Carian inscription found on the left leg of a kouros statue. The statue was found in the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in the ancient Carian city of Euromos during excavations carried out in 2021. The four-line inscription is very difficult to interpret, but nonetheless constitutes a highly relevant contribution to our knowledge of the evolution of the Carian alphabet.
Bread and wine in Lycian poetry. A contextual interpretation of TL 44c
Authors: Sasseville David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the following paper, new meanings for the Lycian B words waxssa, mur(i)- (and murei(je)-) and tubur(i)- are suggested using the combinatorial and etymological methods. Additionally, a new translation of a large part of the mythological poem on the north side of the funerary pillar in Xanthos (TL 44c) is offered, including a grammatical annotation and a linguistic commentary. Subsequently, the repercussions on the military deeds of the Lycian king Gergis as well as on his relationship with the gods are addressed.
The frequency of word gender as a variable for lexical access in Spanish
Authors: Santos Anthea , Bermúdez-Margaretto Beatriz , Alvarez Carlos J. , Dominguez Alberto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The endings of Spanish nouns reflect gender with varying degrees of frequency and regularity. The most common and regular endings are -o for masculine nouns and -a for feminine nouns, -o being more frequent and less closely associated with a specific gender category (masculine) than -a. Pairs of words occurring with both gender categories differ in the frequencies with which they are used as masculine or feminine forms: médic-o/médic-a ‘doctor’ (m.)/‘doctor’ (f.) is a clear example of a masculine-dominant pair, whereas enfermer-o/enfermer-a ‘nurse’ (m.)/ ‘nurse’ (f.) is a feminine-dominant pair. Adult readers of Spanish are faster in recognizing feminine forms of feminine-dominant pairs, and masculine forms of masculine-dominant pairs (Dominguez, Alberto, Fernando Cuetos & Juan Segui. 1999. The processing of grammatical gender and number in Spanish. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 28(5). 485–498). This study aims to test the dominant frequency effect in third and sixth grade children, as well as in adults. Children were faster in recognizing masculine forms in masculine-dominant pairs, but not feminine forms in feminine-dominant pairs. Adults, by contrast, tended to respond faster to higher frequency words, irrespective of gender, indicating that they have independent representations for both genders. The dominance of masculine forms in children could be a consequence of the statistical distribution of gender dominance and regularity in Spanish. The experience of skilled adult readers seems to make them less dependent on this statistical pattern.
Bayesian estimation of a competing risk model based on Weibull and exponential distributions under right censored data
Authors: Talhi Hamida , Aiachi Hiba , Rahmania Nadji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the estimation of the unknown parameters of a competing risk model based on a Weibull distributed decreasing failure rate and an exponentially distributed constant failure rate, under right censored data. The Bayes estimators and the corresponding risks are derived using various loss functions.
Since the posterior analysis involves analytically intractable integrals, we
propose a Monte Carlo method to compute these estimators. Given initial values of the model parameters, the maximum likelihood estimators are computed using the expectation-maximization algorithm. Finally, we use Pitman’s closeness criterion and integrated mean-square error to compare the performance of the Bayesian and the maximum likelihood estimators.
Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
Authors: Mugosa Snezana , Radosavljevic Ivan , Sahman Majda , Djordjevic Natasa , Todorovic Zoran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on the incidence of clopidogrel adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in cardiology patients, including the most important CYP2C19 alleles, namely *2 and *17, as well as compliance, dose, drug interactions, and clinical factors. A total of 102 clopidogrel-treated adult Caucasian patients hospitalized at the Cardiology Department of the Clinical Center of Montenegro were enrolled in the study. Data on clinical outcomes of interest were obtained by intensive monitoring ADRs during hospitalization and one year after hospital discharge. Genotyping for CYP2C19*2 and *17 was conducted using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. ADRs were characterized using the Rawlins and Thompson classification and the World Health Organization criteria. Causality was assessed using the Naranjo probability scale. ADRs to clopidogrel were observed in 9 of 102 patients (8.8%). The observed frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and *17 were 13.2 and 25.5%, respectively. Our study, which is the first to report the frequency of CYP2C19 polymorphism in the Montenegrin population, as well as to link the pharmacovigilance of clopidogrel with CYP2C19 gene variability, shows that the incidence of ADRs of clopidogrel in cardiac patients is high and depends on CYP2C19 polymorphisms, comedication/drug interactions, and gastrointestinal comorbidity.
A Promise of Happiness? Nietzsche on Beauty
Authors: Lossi Annamaria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNietzsche presents a challenging conception of aesthetics. One of the most well-known discussions on this issue is presented by Heidegger inDer Wille zur Macht als Kunst(1936/37). In discussing Nietzsche’s aesthetic theory, Heidegger argues that Nietzsche’s reception of Kantian aesthetics is only ever indirect and necessarily mediated by Schopenhauer. His conclusion hinges on what he considers to be a widespread misinterpretation of Kant’s theory of the beautiful, a misinterpretation that begins with Schopenhauer but characterizes all of Kant’s followers, especially Nietzsche. In this paper, I will consider Nietzsche’s position toward aesthetics from a different perspective, namely in the space between Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s position. The argumentation departs from Nietzsche’s early critique of teleology; his first approaches to aesthetics inDie Geburt der Tragödie(1872); and his position on the concept of causality and morality. As a careful interpretation of GM III 6 will make clear, Heidegger’s claim that Nietzsche misinterprets Kant is made questionable by the fact that Nietzsche here distinguishes Kant (especially his emphasis on universalism and impersonality as central features of aesthetic judgments) from Schopenhauer’s approach and proposes an artist-based aesthetics in which it is rather Stendhal’s idea of beauty as “une promesse de bonheur” which expresses the human need for illusions in Nietzsche’s conception of aesthetics.
A Matter of Scale: Responses to Landscape Changes in the Oslo Fjord, Norway, in the Mesolithic
Authors: Mjærum Axel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Present-day global warming has great consequences, both for individuals and on a larger scale for society as a whole. However, environmental changes also affected everyday life in the past. The purpose of this article is to apply perspectives developed in studies of how contemporary societies adapt to shore-level changes and to use this insight in a study of the way Mesolithic populations handled a situation of large land uplift. More specifically, the author discusses four common adaptation strategies devised to cope with changing sea level, both on a site level and on a regional scale – to accommodate, relocate, protect, or not respond to the changing environment. In the Oslo Fjord in Norway, the shorelines moved from approximately 200–40 m above the present-day sea level in the period 9300–3900 cal BC, caused by the strong post-glacial rebound. Along the shores lived populations that based much of their life on the local marine resources. Building on information from the large habitation area Havsjødalen and a statistical analysis of 529 critically selected sites in the region, the author concludes that single sites were systematically accommodated or relocated when the distance to the shores receded. However, sea level changes caused more dramatic regional landscape transformation and a less bountiful environment c. 5000 cal BC, with a period of maladaptation and a subsequent population collapse as a result. Like modern societies facing human-caused climate changes, the Mesolithic population had difficulties in handling the need for large-scale shifts in their society.