bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Extraction and Quality Evaluation of Abri Herba by Response Surface Methodology Combined with Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by a Single Marker
Authors: Shen Yajun , Li Hengyang , Ding Xiaoying , Zhan Zhilai , An Qi , Zheng Yuguang , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Abri Herba (AH) is a famous medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicine, which is usually used for liver disease. To date, few studies have been conducted on the ultrasonic extraction (UAE) process for AH and the application of quality analysis of multi-components by the single-marker (QAMS) method to evaluate the quality.

Objective
To optimize the UAE process for AH, and develop and validate the quality evaluation of AH by the QAMS method.

Methods
The UAE conditions of AH were optimized by response surface methodology with the total contents of protocatechuic acid, hydantoin, gardeniaine, vicenin-2, salvoside and isosalvoside as indicators, the ultrasonic time, methanol concentration and liquid to material ratio as parameters. The content of protocatechuic acid, hypaphorine, abrine, vicenin-2, schaftoside, and isoschaftoside in 12 batches of AH was first determined by the external standard method (ESM) using HPLC. After that, based on abrine as the internal standard, the relative correction factors (RCF) for protocatechuic acid, hypaphorine, vicenin-2, schaftoside and isoschaftoside were established, and the ESM method was used to verify the QAMS method.

Results
The results show that the optimal extraction process parameters for AH are an ultrasonic time of 22 min, a methanol concentration of 45%, and liquid to material ratio of 26 (mL/g). The QAMS results show that the relative correction factor has good reproducibility, and there is no significant difference between the results of the ESM method and the QAMS method for each chemical constituent, indicating that the research is feasible.

Conclusion
The optimized extraction process of AH and the established QAMS-based quality control method are stable and can be used for the quality control of AH.

Highlights
A response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for AH, and a QAMS method was established for evaluating the quality of AH.
The (Non-)Status of ‘Duldung’: Non-Deportability in Germany and the Politics of Limitless Temporariness
Authors: Schütze Theresa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the ways in which states deal with the issue of non-deportability is limbo-statuses. This article examines the German status of Duldung (toleration) as a case study, which stands out in international comparison for its longevity and its broad administrative application. Based on a comprehensive study of federal policy on Duldung and accompanying political discourses starting from 1962 until 2019, it presents an in-depth analysis of the shifts and continuities in the policies of Duldung in Germany. In the trajectory of the Duldung status, I identify its different functions for German national migration policy, thereby revisiting explanations offered by Böcker and Vogel on the existence of residential limbo-statuses. I conclude that Duldung presents a flexible tool to integrate conflicting policy interests, specifically economic interests, while maintaining a policy of disenfranchisement that characterizes Duldung as an instrument of deterrence. Ultimately, I offer a critique of the exclusionary character of Duldung, rooted in the fiction of temporary stay.
The Association Between Loneliness and Maladaptive Moods and Beliefs: A Pilot Study in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Lwi Sandy J , Larsen Jary , Jenkins Mark , Swick Diane 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Loneliness is a powerful predictor of several medical and psychiatric conditions that are highly prevalent in Veterans, including depression and PTSD. Despite this, few studies have examined loneliness in Veterans or how best to intervene upon Veteran loneliness. Additional empirical research is needed in these areas in order to define clear intervention targets and improve Veteran care.

Materials and Methods
In this pilot study, we used 62 Veterans’ self-reported loneliness and symptoms of post-traumatic stress to examine whether specific symptom clusters of post-traumatic stress were associated with greater loneliness. Post-traumatic stress was measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and responses were further parsed into four symptom clusters: intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in mood and cognition (excluding the social withdrawal item), and alterations in arousal and reactivity.

Results
Results revealed that only the negative alterations in mood and cognition symptom cluster was associated with increased Veteran loneliness, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, social isolation, and symptoms of depression. These analyses were also repeated using a subset of our sample (n = 29) who completed repeated measures of the PTSD Checklist. Results again revealed that the same symptom cluster predicted Veteran loneliness over 1 year later.

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrates the value of a publicly available PTSD measure for identifying lonely Veterans and highlights how reducing negative alterations in mood and cognition may serve as a potentially critical target for future Veteran loneliness interventions.
Asynchronous accretion can mimic diverse white dwarf pollutants I: core and mantle fragments
Authors: Brouwers Marc G , Bonsor Amy , Malamud Uri 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Polluted white dwarfs serve as astrophysical mass spectrometers – their photospheric abundances are used to infer the composition of planetary objects that accrete onto them. We show that due to asymmetries in the accretion process, the composition of the material falling onto a star may vary with time during the accretion of a single planetary body. Consequently, the instantaneous photospheric abundances of white dwarfs do not necessarily reflect the bulk composition of their pollutants, especially when their diffusion time-scales are short. In particular, we predict that when an asteroid with an iron core tidally disrupts around a white dwarf, a larger share of its mantle is ejected, and that the core/mantle fraction of the accreting material varies with time during the event. Crucially, this implies that the core fraction of differentiated pollutants cannot be determined for white dwarfs with short diffusion time-scales, which sample only brief episodes of longer accretion processes. The observed population of polluted white dwarfs backs up the proposed theory. More white dwarfs have accreted material with high Fe/Ca than low Fe/Ca relative to stellar abundance ratios, indicating the ejection of mantle material. Additionally, we find tentative evidence that the accretion rate of iron decreases more rapidly than that of magnesium or calcium, hinting at variability of the accreted composition. Further corroboration of the proposed theory will come from the upcoming analysis of large samples of young white dwarfs.
Asynchronous accretion can mimic diverse white dwarf pollutants II: water content
Authors: Brouwers Marc G , Buchan Andrew M , Bonsor Amy , Malamud Uri , Lynch Elliot , Rogers Laura , Koester Detlev 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Volatiles, notably water, are key to the habitability of rocky planets. The presence of water in planetary material can be inferred from the atmospheric oxygen abundances of polluted white dwarfs, but this interpretation is often complex. We study the accretion process, and find that ices may sublimate and accrete before more refractory minerals reach the star. As a result, a white dwarf’s relative photospheric abundances may vary with time during a single accretion event, and do not necessarily reflect the bulk composition of a pollutant. We offer two testable predictions for this hypothesis: (1) cooler stars will more often be inferred to have accreted wet pollutants, and (2) there will be rare occurrences of accretion events with inferred volatile levels far exceeding those of pristine comets. To observationally test these predictions, we statistically constrain the water content of white dwarf pollutants. We find that in the current sample, only three stars show statistically significant evidence of water at the 2σ level, due to large typical uncertainties in atmospheric abundances and accretion states. In the future, an expanded sample of polluted white dwarfs with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres will allow for the corroboration of our theoretical predictions. Our work also shows the importance of interpreting pollutant compositions statistically, and emphasizes the requirement to reduce uncertainties on measured abundances to allow for statistically significant constraints on their water content.
From Easy to Hopeless—Predicting the Difficulty of Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: Haag Julia , Höhler Dimitri , Bettisworth Ben , Stamatakis Alexandros 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhylogenetic analyzes under the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) model are time and resource intensive. To adequately capture the vastness of tree space, one needs to infer multiple independent trees. On some datasets, multiple tree inferences converge to similar tree topologies, on others to multiple, topologically highly distinct yet statistically indistinguishable topologies. At present, no method exists to quantify and predict this behavior. We introduce a method to quantify the degree of difficulty for analyzing a dataset and present Pythia, a Random Forest Regressor that accurately predicts this difficulty. Pythia predicts the degree of difficulty of analyzing a dataset prior to initiating ML-based tree inferences. Pythia can be used to increase user awareness with respect to the amount of signal and uncertainty to be expected in phylogenetic analyzes, and hence inform an appropriate (post-)analysis setup. Further, it can be used to select appropriate search algorithms for easy-, intermediate-, and hard-to-analyze datasets.
The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
Authors: Oh Hayoung , Cook Steven , Siegel Leeann , Liber Alex , Levy David T , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo help offset the increased price of cigarettes and promote brand loyalty, tobacco companies distribute coupons, particularly to price-sensitive consumers. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and smoking cessation.Aims and MethodsUsing adult data from waves 1–5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation. Multivariable discrete-time survival models were fit to an unbalanced person-period dataset for adult respondents (≥18 years) with current established smoking status at baseline (person n = 9472, risk period n = 29 784). Short-term smoking cessation was measured as discontinued cigarette use (no past 30-day cigarette use at follow-up) and self-reported complete quitting. Coupon receipt was measured as a time-varying exposure, measured in the wave preceding the outcome. Tobacco dependence and time-varying cigarette use intensity were controlled as potential confounders. Effect modification by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and education was assessed by examining interaction terms.ResultsWe found that adults who received a coupon were 19% less likely to quit smoking compared to adults who did not receive a coupon, adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard rate [aHR]: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.89). None of the interaction terms were statistically significant, suggesting that the association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation may not differ across the sociodemographic groups that we examined.ConclusionsTaken together, our results reveal that coupon receipt reduces the likelihood of short-term smoking cessation, and that this association does not differ by age, sex, race-ethnicity, or education.Implications (97/100)Tobacco companies distribute coupons for tobacco products to price-sensitive customers in the United States, and these coupons can be particularly effective in partly offsetting the impact of a tax increases and promoting brand loyalty. This study provides longitudinal evidence that coupon receipt is associated with a decrease in short-term smoking cessation among US adults who smoke cigarettes after adjusting for covariates and tobacco-related confounders. The findings from this study suggest that coupons are an effective tool for tobacco companies to prevent adults who smoke from quitting, and a national ban on coupons may help to facilitate smoking cessation.
Comparison of Four Clinical Prognostic Scores in Patients with Advanced Gastric and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Ma Lucy X , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Bach Yvonne , Aoyama Hiroko , Allen Michael J , Wang Xin , Darling Gail E , Yeung Jonathan , Swallow Carol J , Brar Savtaj , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Kalimuthu Sangeetha , Wong Rebecca , Chen Eric X , O’Kane Grainne M , Jang Raymond W , Elimova Elena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic scores that can identify patients at risk for early death are needed to aid treatment decision-making and patient selection for clinical trials. We compared the accuracy of four scores to predict early death (within 90 days) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic gastric and esophageal (GE) cancer.MethodsAdvanced GE cancer patients receiving first-line systemic therapy were included. Prognostic risks were calculated using: Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH), MD Anderson Cancer Centre (MDACC), Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm-Score), and MD Anderson Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (MDA-ICI) scores. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze associations between prognostic scores and OS. The predictive discrimination was estimated using Harrell’s c-index. Predictive ability for early death was measured using time-dependent AUCs.ResultsIn total, 451 patients with metastatic GE cancer were included. High risk patients had shorter OS for all scores (RMH high- vs. low–risk median OS 7.9 vs. 12.2 months, P &lt; .001; MDACC 6.8 vs. 11.9 months P &lt; .001; GRIm-Score 5.3 vs. 13 months, P &lt; .001; MDA-ICI 8.2 vs. 12.2 months, P &lt; .001). On multivariable analysis, each prognostic score was significantly associated with OS. The GRIm-Score had the highest predictive discrimination and predictive ability for early death.ConclusionsThe GRIm-Score had the highest accuracy in predicting early death and OS. Clinicians may use this score to identify patients at higher risk of early death to guide treatment decisions including clinical trial enrolment. This score could also be used as a stratification factor in future clinical trial designs.
Spatially-resolved expression landscape and gene-regulatory network of human gastric corpus epithelium
Authors: Dong Ji , Wu Xinglong , Zhou Xin , Gao Yuan , Wang Changliang , Wang Wendong , He Weiya , Li Jingyun , Deng Wenjun , Liao Jiayu , Wu Xiaotian , Lu Yongqu , Chen Antony K , Wen Lu , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Molecular knowledge of human gastric corpus epithelium remains incomplete. Here, by integrated analyses using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) techniques, we uncovered the spatially-resolved expression landscape and gene-regulatory network of human gastric corpus epithelium. Specifically, we identified a stem/progenitor cell population in the isthmus of human gastric corpus, where EGF and WNT signaling pathways were activated. Meanwhile, LGR4, but not LGR5, was responsible for the activation of WNT signaling pathway. Importantly, FABP5 and NME1 were identified and validated crucial for both normal gastric stem/progenitor cells and gastric cancer cells. Finally, we explored the epigenetic regulation of critical genes for gastric corpus epithelium at chromatin state level, and identified several important cell type specific transcription factors. In summary, our work provides novel insights to systematically understand the cellular diversity and homeostasis of human gastric corpus epithelium in vivo.
Association between anti-SSSCA1 antibodies and cancer in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Wallwork Rachel S , Shah Ami A , Casciola-Rosen Livia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To define the clinical phenotype of SSc patients with antibodies against Sjogren’s syndrome (SS)/scleroderma autoantigen 1 (SSSCA1), and to examine the association between these antibodies and cancer in SSc patients.

Methods
We conducted a case–control study using data from 209 patients with SSc and cancer, and 205 SSc patients without cancer. All were randomly selected from the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center Research Registry. Antibodies against SSSCA1 were assayed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labelled protein generated by in vitro transcription and translation. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between anti-SSSCA1 antibodies and cancer.

Results
Among the 414 study patients, 31 (7%) were anti-SSSCA1 antibody positive. Antibody-positive patients were more likely to have severe RP, a lower minimum ejection fraction, a trend towards more severe heart involvement and a lower baseline diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide percent predicted than anti-SSSCA1-negative patients. Patients with cancer were significantly more likely to be anti-SSSCA1 positive compared with those without cancer [22/209 (11%) vs 9/205 (4%), respectively; P = 0.018]. Among patients with cancer, there was a trend towards longer cancer–SSc interval in anti-SSSCA1-positive patients compared with anti-SSSCA1-negative patients. Patients with anti-SSSCA1 antibodies had an increased adjusted risk of cancer (odds ratio 2.46, 95% CI 1.06, 5.70) compared with anti-SSSCA1-negative patients.

Conclusions
These data suggest anti-SSSCA1 antibody status may be of utility as a cancer biomarker in SSc. Anti-SSSCA1-positive patients with SSc may be more likely to have severe Raynaud’s and cardiac involvement.
Mycosis Fungoides in Skin of Color
Authors: Rager Taylor , Lake Eden 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Although mycosis fungoides affects patients of all skin tones, mycosis fungoides has a higher incidence in patients with skin of color. Patients with skin of color who are diagnosed with mycosis fungoides have worse outcomes and poor prognosis compared with patients with lighter skin tones. Mycosis fungoides is difficult to diagnose in patients with skin of color as rare subtypes or clinical presentations are commonly seen in these populations. Increased awareness of the presentation of mycosis fungoides in skin of color and early detection could address the higher rates of morbidity and mortality in these populations.
Effectiveness of Cutaneous Melanoma Education on Knowledge, Confidence, and Practice Intent Among Graduate Nursing Students
Authors: Boozer Kathileen , Rossler Kelly L. , Saitta Jaclyn L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) are positioned to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of skin cancers including cutaneous melanoma (CM). Improving skin cancer and CM educational opportunities, especially at the graduate student level, is a necessary step to overcome practice barriers and improve patient care. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online graduate educational training program to improve knowledge, confidence, and practice intent. An exploratory, descriptive design guided this project with a nonprobability, convenience sample of NP graduate students. This project served as the first phase of a long-term research initiative focused on integrating CM education within an NP curriculum.
Percutaneous tracheostomy in the ICU: a review of the literature and recent updates
Authors: Romem Ayal , Gilboa Hadas 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
The following article summarizes the current available knowledge regarding tracheostomy techniques, indications, contraindications, procedure timing, use of assisted technologies and tracheostomy feasibility and safety in high-risk populations. In light of the ongoing corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a focus was placed on tracheostomy in this unique patient group.

Recent findings
Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) is commonly used in the ICU setting. It has been shown to be well tolerated and feasible in a diverse patient population including those regarded to be at high risk such as the obese, coagulopathic and acute respiratory failure patient. This patient profile presented itself frequently in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed studies showed that PDT is well tolerated in COVID-19 ICU patients leading to reduced ICU length of stay (LOS), decrease in ventilator-associated pneumonia rate (VAP) and reduced duration on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Despite initial concerns, virus transmission from patient to healthcare provider (HCP) was shown to be negligible when proper precautions are taken.

Summary
Bedside PDT in the ICU is a well tolerated procedure having the potential to benefit both the individual patient as well as to improve resource utilization of the healthcare system.
Long-term outcomes of acute kidney injury in children
Authors: Schuermans Art , Van den Eynde Jef , Mekahli Djalila , Vlasselaers Dirk 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to 35% of all critically ill children and is associated with substantial short-term morbidity and mortality. However, the link between paediatric AKI and long-term adverse outcomes remains incompletely understood. This review highlights the most recent clinical data supporting the role of paediatric AKI as a risk factor for long-term kidney and cardiovascular consequences. In addition, it stresses the need for long-term surveillance of paediatric AKI survivors.

Recent findings
Recent large-scale studies have led to an increasing understanding that paediatric AKI is a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. These long-term sequelae of paediatric AKI are most often observed in vulnerable populations, such as critically ill children, paediatric cardiac surgery patients, children who suffer from severe infections and paediatric cancer patients.

Summary
A growing body of research has shown that paediatric AKI is associated with long-term adverse outcomes such as CKD, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although therapeutic pathways tailored to individual paediatric AKI patients are yet to be validated, we provide a framework to guide monitoring and prevention in children at the highest risk for developing long-term kidney dysfunction.
Recent Advances in the Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Alhalabi Omar , Altameemi Lina , Campbell Matthew T. , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have joined the armamentarium against urothelial cancer (UC) as an effective therapy option. Since 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 ADCs for advanced previously treated UC: enfortumab vedotin, which targets nectin-4 and sacituzumab govitecan, which targets trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2. These ADCs are now being tested in earlier disease settings and in previously untreated patients. Furthermore, novel ADCs (e.g., anti–HER-2) are being tested in the clinic and show promising clinical benefit. The next frontier is to understand the mechanisms of resistance and response, gaining experience with ADC-related adverse events and learning the best strategy to sequence and combine these agents with existing therapies. Here, we highlight the recent advances in the development of ADCs for treating localized and metastatic UC.