bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of no-till cover crop management on soil thermal properties
Authors: Haruna Samuel I. , Anderson Stephen H. 
Published: February 2022

Context Soil thermal properties influence soil health parameters and can help determine crop productivity with changing global atmospheric climate. Aim This study investigated the influence of no-till (NT) and cover crop (CC) management on soil thermal properties. Methods The study site was managed with NT. The CCs used included hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter peas (Lathyrus hirsutus L.), oats (Avena sativa), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths just prior to CCs being planted and also collected just before CCs were terminated. Treatments included NT CC and NT no cover crop (NC). Soil thermal properties (thermal conductivity [λ], volumetric heat capacity [C V], and thermal diffusivity [D]) were measured at 0, −33, and −100 kPa soil water pressures. Key Results CV at saturation was 13% higher under CC management compared with NC management. Averaged over all depths just before CC termination, λ and D at saturation were 21 and 35% higher, respectively, under NC management compared with CC management probably due to closer contact between soil particles. Conclusions Results from this study suggest CCs with NT management may be able to resist extreme soil temperature changes which could improve soil health and crop productivity in these systems. Implications NT and CC could improve crop productivity in the future but more in situ studies of soil thermal properties under these systems are needed.
Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems
Authors: Rui Yichao , Jackson Randall D. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Sanford Gregg R. , Spiesman Brian J. , Deiss Leonardo , Culman Steven W. , Liang Chao , Ruark Matthew D. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Soil organic carbon (C) responses to agricultural management are highly uncertain, hindering our ability to assess the C sequestration potential of croplands and develop sound policies to mitigate climate change while enhancing other ecosystem services. Combining experimental evidence from a long-term field experiment and a meta-analysis of published literature, we show that the accrual of mineral-associated soil C in intensively managed Mollisols was only achieved by managing ruminant grazing on perennial grasslands. Although modifying dominant grain-based systems with reduced tillage, diversified rotations, and legumes and manure additions improve soil health metrics—which is critical to soil, nutrient, and water conservation—they are unlikely to enhance persistent forms of soil C in Mollisols to help drawdown atmospheric C and stabilize climate.
Modelling climate change impacts on maize
Authors: Chisanga Charles Bwalya , Moombe Miyanda , Elijah Phiri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Numerous modelling efforts have focused on maize as it is an important cereal crop for both human consumption and livestock production. Crop simulation and multi-linear regressions models can be used to quantify the likely potential impacts of climate change on maize growth and yield. Such models include AquaCrop, Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT), EPIC, CropSyst, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), SARRA-H, IMPACT+DSSAT, DSSAT, ALAMANC, WOFOST, ADEL, GEPIC, Empirical, MOS, GLAM-Maize, InfoCrop and EcoCrop, among others. Models give predictions utilizing meteorological, soil and crop data in numerical simulations. Various sources of climatic data are available including government meteorological and research departments, world organizations and private institutions. Climate data can also be generated using statistical and dynamical downscaling tools. The review showed that future maize growth and yield would be affected by changes in precipitation, temperature and soil fertility. Rise in temperature is the major factor altering maize yield. Nevertheless, crop simulation models have been observed to give mixed results depending on the region and the crop. Sources of uncertainty in predictions have been attributed to challenges in model parameterization, calibration and validation.
Malaise and remedy of binary boson-star initial data
Authors: Helfer Thomas , Sperhake Ulrich , Croft Robin , Radia Miren , Ge Bo-Xuan , Lim Eugene A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThrough numerical simulations of boson-star head-on collisions, we explore the quality of binary initial data obtained from the superposition of single-star spacetimes. Our results demonstrate that evolutions starting from a plain superposition of individual boosted boson-star spacetimes are vulnerable to significant unphysical artefacts. For equal-mass binaries, these difficulties can be overcome with a simple modification of the initial data suggested in Helferet al(2019Phys. Rev. D99044046) for collisions of oscillations. While we specifically consider massive complex scalar field boson star models of very high and low compactness, we conjecture that this vulnerability be also present in other kinds of exotic compact systems and hence needs to be addressed.
Topological classifications of quadratic bosonic excitations in closed and open systems with examples
Authors: He Yan , Chien Chih-Chun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The topological classifications of quadratic bosonic systems according to the symmetries of the dynamic matrices from the equations of motion of closed systems and the effective Hamiltonians from the Lindblad equations of open systems are analyzed. While the non-Hermitian dynamic matrix and effective Hamiltonian both lead to a ten-fold way table, the system-reservoir coupling may cause a system with or without coupling to a reservoir to fall into different classes. A 2D Chern insulator is shown to be insensitive to the different classifications. In contrast, we present a 1D bosonic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with chiral symmetry and a 2D bosonic topological insulator with time-reversal symmetry to show the corresponding open systems may fall into different classes if the Lindblad operators break the symmetry.
Modeling and robust decentralized control system design for plasma current and position in Damavand tokamak
Authors: Fatahi Masoome , Moaveni Bijan , Zandi Hassan , Rasouli Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a linear dynamic model for the current and position of plasma in Damavand tokamak (DT) based on the RZIP methodology. Experimental data shots of DT are employed to validate the model and to show its accuracy. Since there are uncertainties in the model parameters, a robust decentralized control system is designed by considering the interaction between the input-output channels. Robust proportional and proportional-integral controllers are designed to obtain robust closed-loop stability and performance based on the Kharitonov theorem. The simulation results of the closed-loop system in two scenarios are presented to show the effectiveness of the introduced control system.
Magnetic interaction between soft and hard ferrimagnetic phases in BaFe12O19 + CuFe2O4 composite
Authors: Manglam Murli Kumar , Kumari Suman , Mallick Jyotirekha , Shukla Anant , Kar Manoranjan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetic behavior of

B
a
F

e

12

O

19

+

(
x
)

C
u
F

e

2

O

4

(with x = 1, 2, and 4) has been explored. These composites were prepared by the standard sol-gel route. X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques were employed to characterize the composites. The magnetic interaction between

C
u
F

e

2

O

4

and

B
a
F

e

12

O

19

particles in the composite has been studied by recording the M–H hysteresis loops by employing the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer technique. The role of copper ferrite in the

B
a
F

e

12

O

19

+
C
u
F

e

2

O

4

composite has been explored. It is interesting to note that the

B
a
F

e

12

O

19

+
C
u
F

e

2

O

4

(i.e. x =1) composite shows the maximum magnetic parameters (M

s

, H

c

, and (BH)
max) among all the composite samples under study. Hence, this composition has been investigated extensively by annealing at different temperatures to optimize its magnetic properties. The

B
a
F

e

12

O

19

+

C
u
F

e

2

O

4

composite annealed at 1000 oC exhibits the maximum energy product (BH)
max and saturation magnetization (M

s
). The magnetic interaction between two different magnetic phases in the composite has been explored by using the Henkel plot study with the help of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and direct current demagnetization (DCD) M–H curves. The exchange coupling between soft and hard magnetic phases in the composite is also examined by the derivative of magnetization with the magnetic field.
Dirac partial wave calculation for electron scattering cross section by nucleic acid bases
Authors: Ashouri Marjan , Hajivaliei Mahdi , Gholami Nasim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Differential, total, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections due to the electron impact on the primary nucleic acid bases, are calculated with relativistic Dirac partial-wave considering a local interaction potential known as spherical complex optical potential model. The electron scattering is modeled by implementing screening-corrected additivity rule, a modified form of independent atom model, over an energy range of 10–20000 eV. Comparisons of results obtained in this work with other theoretical and experimental approaches are also presented.
Cosmological implications of axion-matter couplings
Authors: Green Daniel , Guo Yi , Wallisch Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Axions and other light particles appear ubiquitously in
physics beyond the Standard Model, with a variety of possible
couplings to ordinary matter. Cosmology offers a unique probe of
these particles as they can thermalize in the hot environment of the
early universe for any such coupling. For sub-MeV particles, their
entropy must leave a measurable cosmological signal, usually via the
effective number of relativistic particles, N
eff. In this paper,
we will revisit the cosmological constraints on the couplings of
axions and other pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons to Standard Model
fermions from thermalization below the electroweak scale, where
these couplings are marginal and give contributions to the radiation
density of ΔN
eff > 0.027. We update the calculation of the
production rates to eliminate unnecessary approximations and find
that the cosmological bounds on these interactions are complementary
to astrophysical constraints, e.g. from supernova SN 1987A. We
additionally provide quantitative explanations for these bounds and
their relationship.
4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity from non-Einsteinian phase
Authors: Sengupta Sandipan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We set up an Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory in four
dimensions, based on the recent formulation of pure gravity with
extra dimensions of vanishing metrical length [1]. In
absence of torsion, the effective field equations depend only on the
four-metric, reflecting a quadratic curvature nonlinearity but no
higher than second order derivatives. In contrast with recent
proposals to obtain 4dEGB theories through a singular rescaling of
the Gauss-Bonnet coupling, this formalism requires no (classical)
regularization of divergences and is inequivalent to Horndeski
gravity, while being generally covariant and independent of
compactification. Notably, the vacuum field equations admit FLRW
cosmologies containing nonsingular bounce and self-accelerating
Universe, and spherically symmetric black holes
more general than
Schwarzschild.
The quadratic theory of gravity emerging here is shown
to
be preserved against the inclusion of higher Lovelock densities in
5+2n dimensions.
SDSS J1042-0018: a Broad Line AGN but Misclassified as an H ii Galaxy in the BPT Diagram by Flux Ratios of Narrow Emission Lines
Authors: Cao Yi , Zhao Si-Dan , Zhu Xing-Yu , Yu Hai-Chao , Wang Yi-Wei , Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss properties of SDSS J1042-0018 which is a broad line active galactic nucleus (AGN) but misclassified as an H ii galaxy in the BPT diagram (SDSS J1042-0018 is called a misclassified broad line AGN). The emission lines around Hα and around Hβ are well described by different model functions, considering broad Balmer lines to be described by Gaussian or Lorentz functions. Different model functions lead to different determined narrow emission line fluxes, but the different narrow emission line flux ratios lead SDSS J1042-0018 as an H ii galaxy in the BPT diagram. In order to explain the unique properties of the misclassified broad line AGN SDSS J1042-0018, two methods are proposed, the star-forming contributions and the compressed narrow emission line regions with high electron densities near to critical densities of forbidden emission lines. Fortunately, the strong star-forming contributions can be preferred in SDSS J1042-0018. The misclassified broad line AGN SDSS J1042-0018, well explained by star-forming contributions, could provide further clues on the applications of BPT diagrams to the normal broad line AGNs.
Basics of Apparent horizons in black hole physics
Authors: Altas E , Tekin B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

1Event Horizon, a null hypersurface defining the boundary of the black hole region of a spacetime, is not particularly useful for evolving black holes since it is non-local in time. Instead, one uses the more tangible concept of Apparent Horizon for dynamical black holes out there in the sky that do all sorts of things: evolve, merge and feed on the environment. Event Horizon, being a gauge-independent, global property of the total spacetime is easy to define and locate in the stationary case; on the other hand, Apparent Horizon depends on the embedding of the surface in spacetime and hence it is somewhat tricky to define. But for numerical simulations in General Relativity, locating the Apparent Horizon helps one to excise the black hole region and the singularity to have a stable computation. Moreover, for stationary solutions cross-sections of these horizons match. Here we give a detailed pedagogical exposition of the subject and work out the non-trivial case of a slowly moving and spinning black hole.
Quantum Entanglement and Neutrino Many-Body Systems
Authors: Balantekin A.B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Entanglement of constituents of a many-body system is a recurrent feature of quantum behaviour. Quantum information science provides tools, such as the entanglement entropy, to help assess the amount of entanglement in such systems. Many-neutrino systems are present in core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, and the Early Universe. Recent work in applying the tools of quantum information science to the description of the entanglement in astrophysical many-neutrino systems is reviewed.
Kundt waves in modifed gravitational models
Authors: Baykal A , Dereli T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kundt’s class of gravitational wave metrics belonging to Petrov type-N are constructed for generic f(R) model with minimally coupled electromagnetic feld, a Gauss-Bonnet extended gravitational model for vacuum in four spacetime dimensions, and RF2-type nonminimally coupled Einstein-Maxwell models including a cosmological constant.
A trip around octonions
Authors: Bilge Ayşe Hümeyra , Dereli Tekin , Kocak Şahin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In these expository notes, after a contemplation on the dawn of octonions, we give proofs for the Frobenius theorem and the Hurwitz theorem, we review the basics of Clifford algebras and spin groups, and exemplify the startling role played by the octonions in 7 — and 8 —dimensional phenomena such as the special 3— and 4—forms, the Bonan form, Spin(7) and Spin(8) groups and the mysterious triality.
O(d,d) covariant formulation of Type II supergravity and Scherk-Schwarz reduction
Authors: Çatal-Özer Aybike 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
T-duality is a stringy symmetry which relates string backgrounds with different space-time geometries. In the low energy limit, it manifests itself as a continuous O(d,d) symmetry acting on supergravity fields, after dimensional reduction on a d dimensional torus. Double Field Theory (DFT) is a T-duality covariant extension of string theory which aims to realize O(d,d) as a manifest symmetry for the low energy effective space-time actions of string theory without dimensional reduction. The mathematical framework needed to construct DFT goes beyond Riemannian geometry and is related to Hitchin’s generalized geometry program. On the other hand, Scherk-Schwarz reduction of DFT of Type II strings with a duality twist in O(d,d) yields Gauged Double Field Theory (GDFT), that can be regarded as an O(d,d) covariant extension of gauged supergravity. The purpose of this contribution is to give a short review on Scherk-Schwarz reductions of DFT and its intriguing connections to integrable deformations of string sigma models.
Wahlquist metric revisited
Authors: Hortaçsu M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Here we continue studying the Wahlquist metric. We know that the wave equation written for a zero mass scalar particle in the background of this metric gives Heun type solutions. To be able to use the existing literature on Heun functions, we try to put our wave equation to the standard form for these functions. Then we calculate the reflection coefficient of a wave coming from infinity and scattered at the center using this formalism.
Entangled neutrinos in a supernova
Authors: Pehlivan Y. , Birol Savas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the entanglement of neutrinos evolving adiabatically under the effect of vacuum oscillations and self interactions through decreasing neutrino density similar to a core collapse supernova. For an initial state which consists only of electron type neutrinos, we analytically calculate the asymptotic value of the entropy of entanglement between the lowest energy neutrino and the rest of the system as a function of the number of neutrinos. We find that, as we increase neutrino number the entanglement entropy grows at first. But after going through a maximum, it approaches to zero in the limit of infinite number of neutrinos. We find that the number of neutrinos for which the entropy maximizes depends on the mixing angle.
Medication modification in a population of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older
Authors: Godaert Lidvine , Cofais Cécilia , Proye Emeline , Allard Saint Albin Laury , Dramé Moustapha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
medication safety is a major public health challenge, particularly among older populations. Changing the medication’s form may be inappropriate and may incur a risk of adverse effects.

Objectives
the objectives were to estimate the prevalence of medication modification and to identify factors associated with the practice of medication modification in community-dwelling older individuals.

Design
observational, cross-sectional, single-centre and epidemiological study.

Settings
community.

Subjects
outpatients and/or their accompanying persons, aged 65 years or over.

Methods
sociodemographic and clinical variables were recorded. It was also noted how the medication was taken, who administered the medications, the number of oral medications ingested per day, and whether or not the form of the medication was modified to facilitate administration. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed.

Results
a total of 252 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 83 ± 7 years. Of these, 44 (17.5%) reported modifying their medication, either routinely (n = 36) or occasionally (n = 8). The factors independently associated with medication modification were the existence of psycho-behavioural disorders [odds ratio (OR) = 3.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.84–7.76; P &lt; 0.0001], mobility difficulties (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.01–4.62; P = 0.04), and the presence of dysphagia (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.49–6.99; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
this study indicates that main caregivers are more likely to engage in medication modification than nurses or the patients themselves. Factors associated with medication modification include swallowing difficulties and psycho-behavioural disorders. These findings provide new avenues that could help to mitigate this practice.
Family carer perspectives on the language of behaviour change in dementia: an online mixed methods survey
Authors: Wolverson Emma , Moniz-Cook Esme , Dunn Rosie , Dunning Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
following the #BanBPSD campaign there has been critical interest in common terminology used for ‘changes in behaviour’ associated with dementia. However, commentaries and emerging studies have not fully considered family carer perspectives. This study explores the views of family carers on terminology and language for this paradigm.

Method
a mixed methods online survey was conducted with family carers. Language preferences were scoped and examined with supporting open-ended questions that explored the reasons for choices.

Results
about 229 family carers completed the survey. Terms such as Challenging Behaviour, Behaviour that Challenges and Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of dementia were mostly disliked. The most preferred term was a new concept called ‘Behavioural and Emotional Expressions of Need’ that few people had previously heard of. Overall, carers preferred positively construed, easily understood, person-centred terms that attributed changes in behaviour to unmet need, which also acknowledged the carer’s role in management.

Conclusions
given that carers are often the agents of change for this paradigm—where they may also be called on to act as proxy decision makers, it is important that professionals take time to explore their understandings and give due consideration to the language used when offering tailored interventions. These findings suggest that frequently used terms for changes in behaviour associated with dementia, such as Challenging Behaviour, BtC and BPSD, should be avoided.
Surface structure and nanomechanical properties of Actinoplanes missouriensis sporangia analyzed via atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tezuka Takeaki , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The surface structures of the sporangia produced by Actinoplanes missouriensis were analyzed at high resolution in air and liquid via atomic force microscopy. Results revealed a dynamic change in sporangium surface structure in response to the amount of moisture. Furthermore, the Young's modulus of the sporangium surface (1.95 ± 0.92 GPa) was calculated by analyzing the force–distance curves in air.