bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectric Detection of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers Magnetic Resonances in Diamond: Role of Charge Exchanges with Other Optoelectrically Active Defects
Authors: Bourgeois Emilie , Soucek Josef , Hruby Jaroslav , Gulka Michal , Nesladek Milos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe photoelectric detection of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) magnetic resonance (PDMR) in diamond, used for spin state detection and based on reading the photocurrent resulting from NV ionization, offers physical and technical advantages for the development of miniaturized and scalable quantum sensors, as well as solid‐state quantum information devices integrated with electronics. Charge exchanges between NV centers and other optoelectrically active defects in diamond are an essential part of the PDMR scheme, impacting the spin‐state control and the performances of the photoelectric readout. Through experimental characterization and modeling, processes governing the spin‐state contrast, in particular the hole carrier contribution to the photocurrent and the role of acceptor‐type defects are discussed. Such acceptor defects can act as traps for free electrons resulting from NV photoionization. Consequently, the hole current can increase at resonance, ultimately leading to an inversion of the sign of PDMR resonances, i.e. to a positive spin contrast. Based on these findings, a method to improve PDMR performances in terms of spin contrast and photoelectric detection rate by selectively ionizing low‐energy acceptor defects using a bias red illumination is proposed. This method is shown to lead to a significant improvement of the photoelectric spin detection sensitivity, important for future practical devices.
Bayesian semi‐parametric modeling of covariance matrices for multivariate longitudinal data
Authors: Papageorgiou Georgios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article develops marginal models for multivariate longitudinal responses. Overall, the model consists of five regression submodels, one for the mean and four for the covariance matrix, with the latter resulting by considering various matrix decompositions. The decompositions that we employ are intuitive, easy to understand, and they do not rely on any assumptions such as the presence of an ordering among the multivariate responses. The regression submodels are semi‐parametric, with unknown functions represented by basis function expansions. We use spike‐slap priors for the regression coefficients to achieve variable selection and function regularization, and to obtain parameter estimates that account for model uncertainty. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior sampling is developed. The simulation study presented investigates the gains that one may have when considering multivariate longitudinal analyses instead of univariate ones, and whether these gains can counteract the negative effects of missing data. We apply the methods on a highly unbalanced longitudinal dataset with four responses observed over a period of 20 years.
Revisiting the effect of supermajority requirements on fiscal outcomes
Authors: Hankins William B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractI use matching methods on a panel of U.S. states over the period 1960–2008 to test whether the adoption of a supermajority requirement impacts state‐level expenditures and tax revenue. While two‐way fixed effects (TWFE) models show that general expenditures, welfare expenditures, and total tax revenue per capita are lower following adoption of a supermajority requirement, I also find evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects, and worse, violation of the common trends assumption. Matching estimates fail to support the conclusions of the TWFE models, suggesting that supermajority requirements do not have a robust effect on government expenditures or tax revenue.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates pyroptosis in BPDE‐induced BEAS‐2B cells
Authors: Zhang Qiao , He Xi , Yu Qi , Liu Yitong , Zhu Yonghang , Yang Liu , Shang Pingping , Zhang Jiatong , Liu Hong , Feng Feifei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBenzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), as the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can promote inflammation and many chronic pulmonary diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of Benzo(a)pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐9,10‐epoxide (BPDE)‐induced human bronchial epithelial cell pyroptosis related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has not been elucidated. This study focused on the effects of BPDE on ERS and pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B), and explored the relationship between ERS and pyroptosis. BEAS‐2B cells were stimulated with 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μmol/L BPDE for 24 h to detect ERS and pyroptosis. After inhibition of ERS with 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA), pyroptosis of BEAS‐2B cells was tested. The results showed that BPDE decreased the cell viability, changed the morphological structure of endoplasmic reticulum and increased the expression levels of GRP78 and p‐PERK. After BPDE treatment, the cell membrane was damaged and incomplete under transmission electron microscope; Hoechst 33342/PI fluorescence staining showed that the number of PI‐positive cells was enhanced. The expression levels of GSDMD‐N, cleaved‐caspase 1, and cleaved‐IL‐1β were elevated, and the expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and NLRP3 protein were improved. In BPDE combined with 4‐PBA intervention group, the rate of PI‐positive cells was reduced, the expression levels of GRP78, GSDMD‐N, and cleaved‐caspase 1 were decreased, and the expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and NLRP3 were decreased. In conclusion, BPDE could induce ERS and pyroptosis in BEAS‐2B cells, and ERS may promote the occurrence of BPDE‐induced pyroptosis.
Facial paralysis with ear droop in calves associated with exposure to steelworks slag, possibly due to vanadium toxicity
Authors: Jewell Natalie , Jones Jeff , Floyd Toby , Davies Gunhild , Payne Jo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA group of 5 to 7‐week‐old calves presented with unusual clinical signs that included facial paralysis and ear droop. Postmortem examination of a single calf ruled out infectious causes and confirmed that the calf had ingested a gritty slag, a by‐product from the steel industry. The slag was being used on a farm on grazing land but had been stored in such a way that the calves had been exposed. Analysis of the ingested material and tissue analysis confirmed the presence of vanadium at concentrations likely to be significant. A literature search confirmed two other similar cases in Sweden and New Zealand where steel slag exposure had been associated with similar clinical signs; in the former case, these had been attributed to acute vanadium toxicity.
Partitioning Sites for Invention in Serlio’s and Palladio’s Palazzi
Authors: Mols Nick M. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThroughout history, diagrammatic drawing formed a modus operandi for generating architectural typologies, creating spatial hierarchies, codifying ratio and proportion while defining the shape grammar of the edifice. Despite the prominence of the diagram in architectural design, no account of designing irregular sites during the Renaissance exists, nor how diagrams partition space. This paper’s computer-aided graphical analysis elucidates how to design irregular sites by reading principles of partitioning in the treatises of Serlio and Palladio. Through the numeric lexicons of Serlio, Palladio and Bertotti Scamozzi, this paper uncovers the ways the transformative power of the diagram codifies irregular typologies while ordering its spatial hierarchies. The cases of Serlio’s and Palladio’s geometrical reckoning illuminate a commonplace working method for partitioning Renaissance palazzi where the heuristic diagram visually uncovers the architect’s idea by combining context, site, and function that result in architectural inventions.
Langzeitüberleben bei Krebs: Definitionen, Konzepte und Gestaltungsprinzipien von Survivorship-Programmen
Authors: Bergelt Corinna , Bokemeyer Carsten , Hilgendorf Inken , Langer Thorsten , Rick Oliver , Seifart Ulf , Koch-Gromus Uwe 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund von diagnostischen und therapeutischen Fortschritten in der Hämatologie und Onkologie und entsprechend steigenden Überlebensaussichten ist ein stetiger Zuwachs der Gruppe von Langzeitüberlebenden mit und nach Krebs (Cancer Survivor) in Deutschland zu verzeichnen. Obwohl das bereits vorhandene deutsche Gesundheitswesen vielfältige Versorgungsangebote vorhält, die auch für Langzeitüberlebende verfügbar sind, ist die Versorgungssituation dieser Gruppe nicht zufriedenstellend. So bedarf es zum einen der Entwicklung von Orientierungshilfen für Langzeitüberlebende, zum anderen sollten neue und innovative Versorgungsprogramme für Überlebende (Survivorship-Programme) entwickelt werden. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Problematik, definiert relevante Begrifflichkeiten und formuliert Kernaspekte für die Ausgestaltung von Survivorship-Programmen für Langzeitüberlebende nach Krebserkrankung.
A simple agent-based model to simulate 3D tumor-induced angiogenesis considering the evolution of the hypoxic conditions of the cells
Authors: Benítez José María , García-Mozos Luis , Santos Anastasio , Montáns Francisco Javier , Saucedo-Mora Luis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn tumors, angiogenesis (conformation of a new vasculature from another primal one) is produced with the releasing of tumor angiogenic factors from hypoxic cells. These angiogenic substances are distributed around the tumor micro-environment by diffusion. When they reach the primal blood vessel bed, the sprouting and branching of a new micro-vascular network is produced. These new capillaries will supply oxygen to cells so that their hypoxic state is overcome. In this work, a new and simple 3D agent-based model to simulate tumor-induced angiogenesis is presented. In this approach, the evolution of the hypoxic conditions in cells along the related conformation of the new micro-vessels is considered. The importance that the relative position of the primal vasculature and tumor structure takes in the final distribution of the new micro-vasculature has also been addressed. The diffusion of angiogenic factors and oxygen has been modelled at the targets by numerical convolution superposition of the analytical solution from the sources. Qualitative and quantitative results show the importance of tip endothelial cells in overcoming hypoxic conditions in cells at early stages of angiogenesis. At final stages, anastomosis plays an important role in the reduction of hypoxia in cells.
Importance of substrate quality and clay content on microbial extracellular polymeric substances production and aggregate stability in soils
Authors: Olagoke Folasade K. , Bettermann Antje , Nguyen Phuong Thi Bich , Redmile-Gordon Marc , Babin Doreen , Smalla Kornelia , Nesme Joseph , Sørensen Søren J. , Kalbitz Karsten , Vogel Cordula 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effects of substrate (cellulose or starch) and different clay contents on the production of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and concomitant development of stable soil aggregates. Soils were incubated with different amounts of montmorillonite (+ 0.1%, + 1%, + 10%) both with and without two substrates of contrasting quality (starch and cellulose). Microbial respiration (CO2), biomass carbon (C), EPS-protein, and EPS-polysaccharide were determined over the experimental period. The diversity and compositional shifts of microbial communities (bacteria/archaea) were analysed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from soil DNA. Soil aggregate size distribution was determined and geometric mean diameter calculated for aggregate formation. Aggregate stabilities were compared among 1–2-mm size fraction. Starch amendment supported a faster increase than cellulose in both respiration and microbial biomass. Microbial community structure and composition differed depending on the C substrate added. However, clay addition had a more pronounced effect on alpha diversity compared to the addition of starch or cellulose. Substrate addition resulted in an increased EPS concentration only if combined with clay addition. At high clay addition, starch resulted in higher EPS concentrations than cellulose. Where additional substrate was not provided, EPS-protein was only weakly correlated with aggregate formation and stability. The relationship became stronger with addition of substrate. Labile organic C thus clearly plays a role in aggregate formation, but increasing clay content was found to enhance aggregate stability and additionally resulted in the development of distinct microbial communities and increased EPS production.
Acupuncture and its effect on cytokine and chemokine profiles in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a preliminary three-armed, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Gellrich Donata , Pfab Florian , Ortiz Miriam , Binting Sylvia , Brinkhaus Benno , Gröger Moritz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeNumerous studies have demonstrated effectiveness for acupuncture in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). However, the underlying mechanism remains still unclear.Methods29 SAR patients were recruited from a large randomized, controlled trial investigating the efficacy of acupuncture in SAR. 16 patients were treated by acupuncture plus rescue medication (RM, cetirizine), 6 patients received sham acupuncture plus RM and 8 patients RM alone over 8 weeks. Patients were blinded to the allocation to real or sham acupuncture. At baseline and different time-points during intervention, plasma and nasal concentration of mediators of various biological functions were determined in addition to validated disease-specific questionnaires.ResultsThe concentration of biomarkers related to the Th1-, Th2-, and Treg-cluster was not changed in patients who received acupuncture, in neither plasma nor nasal fluid. However, with respect to eotaxin and some unspecific pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1b, MCP-1), acupuncture led to a, partially significantly, lower nasal concentration than sham acupuncture or RM. Furthermore, the nasal symptom score was significantly reduced in patients only after real acupuncture.ConclusionIn SAR, acupuncture reduces the intranasal unspecific inflammation, but does not seem to act immunologically on the Th1–Th2-imbalance.
Neurobiologische und neurochemische Mechanismen der Placeboanalgesie
Authors: Asan Livia , Bingel Ulrike , Kunkel Angelika 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Wirksamkeit von Schmerztherapien kann durch behandlungsbezogene Erwartungen wesentlich moduliert werden. Dies wird besonders unter Betrachtung des starken Placeboeffekts bei Schmerzen deutlich (die sog. Placeboanalgesie).

Fragestellung
Was ist bisher über die neurobiologischen Grundlagen der Placeboanalgesie und die beteiligten neurochemischen Transmittersysteme bekannt?

Material und Methoden
Fokussierte Auswahl wesentlicher Schlüsselpublikationen und strukturierte Darlegung mechanistischer Konzepte und aktueller Theorien basierend auf neuester Evidenz.

Ergebnisse
In experimentellen Studien konnte die Wirkung der Placeboanalgesie insbesondere durch bildgebende Verfahren über eine Aktivitätsänderung in Hirnarealen der Schmerzverarbeitung und der kognitiven Kontrolle beschrieben werden. Beteiligte Neurotransmitter sind körpereigene Opioide und das Dopaminsystem.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Placeboanalgesie ist mit komplexen neurobiologischen und -physiologischen Mechanismen verbunden. Das Verständnis dieser Prozesse sollte gezielt genutzt werden, um therapeutische Ansätze in der Schmerzmedizin zu optimieren.
Internal igneous growth, doming and rapid erosion of a mature ocean island: the Miocene evolution of Maio (Cabo Verde)
Authors: Samrock Lisa K. , Hansteen Thor H. , Dullo Wolf-Christian , Wartho Jo-Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaio Island (Cabo Verde Archipelago) is composed of uplifted Early Mesozoic MORB-type pillow lavas and deep-sea sediments, unconformably overlain and intruded by Miocene igneous rocks. Combined structural analyses and 40Ar–39Ar dating were used to constrain the Miocene evolution of Maio. Structures and ages of uplifted Mesozoic sequences and crosscutting Miocene dykes showed that numerous intrusive events were associated with the intense growth of an igneous core complex in the middle to upper crust, causing semi-circular doming and partial disruption of the Mesozoic strata. Two nosean nephelinite dykes cut the Valanginian Batalha Formation and yielded phlogopite 40Ar–39Ar ages of 10.405 ± 0.033 Ma and 10.570 ± 0.053 Ma (2σ errors). A nosean nephelinite dyke that cuts the overlying Valanginian to Early Aptian Morro Formation yielded an age of 9.273 ± 0.020 Ma. Combined with existing K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar ages, this confirmed a main period of island growth between ~ 16 and 8.7 Ma. We re-interpreted extensive polymict conglomerates, which occur below the Late Miocene Monte Penoso Formation, as landslide deposits. A nephelinite lava clast yielded a phlogopite 40Ar–39Ar age of 8.666 ± 0.0274 Ma, which represents a maximum age for these landslides and thus confined a period of large-scale flank collapses and erosion to between 8.7 and 6.7 Ma. Flank collapses and further mass wasting during this period may have rejuvenated the igneous activity, i.e., resulting in the formation of the Tortonian/Messinian Monte Penoso and Malhada Pedra Formations, due to decompression-induced melting at upper mantle depths. Such interaction between flank collapses and rejuvenated volcanism may be a key to better understand ocean island evolution worldwide.
High-resolution downscaling of CMEMS oceanographic reanalysis in the area of the Tuscany Archipelago (Italy)
Authors: Bendoni Michele , Fattorini Maria , Taddei Stefano , Brandini Carlo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA native nested configuration of the ROMS model is implemented on the marine area between the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian basins, which includes the Tuscany Archipelago. Initial and boundary conditions are provided by the CMEMS Mediterranean Sea Physical Reanalysis product (1/16°), feeding the parent ROMS model (BLUE, 1/72°), in which a high-resolution grid is nested (PURPLE, 1/216°). Atmospheric forcing comes from a downscaled version of ERA5 reanalysis. Temperature and salinity profiles from gliders and floats, and HF-radar-derived surface currents, are compared to model outputs within the high-resolution area for the whole year 2017. Results show the downscaling procedure is able to reduce model errors for temperature profiles, whereas errors in salinity profiles remain comparable. However, the downscaled model cannot recover large errors inherited from the parent one. The mean bias largest values found in both temperature and salinity profiles may be explained by a model underestimation of the depth of stable stratification limit with respect to field data. Errors in surface currents are reduced for the downscaled dynamics and appear to be uncorrelated to the original CMEMS product, being surface dynamics less affected by initial condition than by atmospheric forcing. A simple scalar metric, to quantify the error in the surface current vector fields from observations and models, is proposed. The novel metric allows to better quantify the improvement gained by the downscaling procedure.
Revisiting the building of past snapshots — a replication and reproduction study
Authors: Maes-Bermejo Michel , Gallego Micael , Gortázar Francisco , Robles Gregorio , Gonzalez-Barahona Jesus M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Context
Building past source code snapshots of a software product is necessary both for research (analyzing the past state of a program) and industry (increasing trustability by reproducibility of past versions, finding bugs by bisecting, backporting bug fixes, among others). A study by Tufano et al. showed in 2016 that many past snapshots cannot be built.

Objective
We replicate Tufano et al.’s study in 2020, to verify its results and to study what has changed during this time in terms of compilability of a project. Also, we extend it by studying a different set of projects, using additional techniques for building past snapshots, with the aim of extending the validity of its results.

Method
(i) Replication of the original study, obtaining past snapshots from 79 repositories (with a total of 139,389 commits); and (ii) Reproduction of the original study on a different set of 80 large Java projects, extending the heuristics for building snapshots (300,873 commits).

Results
We observed degradation of compilability over time, due to vanishing of dependencies and other external artifacts. We validated that the most influential error causing failures in builds are missing external artifacts, and the less influential is compiling errors. We observed some facts that could lead to the effect of the build tool on past compilability.

Conclusions
We provide details on what aspects have a strong and a shallow influence on past compilability, giving ideas of how to improve it. We could extend previous research on the matter, but could not validate some of the previous results. We offer recommendations on how to make this kind of studies more replicable.
Toward Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Lemurs: Using an Affordable Open-Source System to Monitor Phaner Vocal Activity and Density
Authors: Markolf Matthias , Zinowsky Max , Keller Judith Katharina , Borys Johannes , Cillov Ali , Schülke Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping new cost-effective methods for monitoring the distribution and abundance of species is essential for conservation biology. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has long been used in marine mammals and has recently been postulated to be a promising method to improve monitoring of terrestrial wildlife as well. Because Madagascar’s lemurs are among the globally most threatened taxa, this study was designed to assess the applicability of an affordable and open-source PAM device to estimate the density of pale fork-marked lemurs (Phaner pallescens). Using 12 playback experiments and one fixed transect of four automated acoustic recorders during one night of the dry season in Kirindy Forest, we experimentally estimated the detection space for Phaner and other lemur vocalizations. Furthermore, we manually annotated more than 10,000 vocalizations of Phaner from a single location and used bout rates from previous studies to estimate density within the detection space. To truncate detections beyond 150 m, we applied a sound pressure level (SPL) threshold filtering out vocalizations below SPL 50 (dB re 20 μPa). During the dry season, vocalizations of Phaner can be detected with confidence beyond 150 m by a human listener. Within our fixed truncated detection area corresponding to an area of 0.07 km2 (detection radius of 150 m), we estimated 10.5 bouts per hour corresponding to a density of Phaner of 38.6 individuals/km2. Our density estimates are in line with previous estimates based on individually marked animals conducted in the same area. Our findings suggest that PAM also could be combined with distance sampling methods to estimate densities. We conclude that PAM is a promising method to improve the monitoring and conservation of Phaner and many other vocally active primates.