bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on horizonless objects after the EHT observation of Sagittarius A*
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Di Filippo Francesco , Liberati Stefano , Visser Matt 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The images of Sagittarius A* recently released by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration have been accompanied [
Astrophys. J. Lett.
930 (2022) L17]
by an analysis of the constraints on the possible absence of a trapping horizon, i.e. on the possibility that the object at the center of our galaxy is an ultra-compact object with a surface re-emitting incident radiation. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, it is claimed that the radius of any surface, in which incident radiation is re-emitted thermally, is strongly bounded from above by these latest observations. Herein, we discuss how the reported constraint relies on the extremely strong assumption of perfect balance in the energy exchange between the accretion disk and the central object, and show that this is violated whenever the surface is endowed with any non-zero absorption coefficient. We derive the upper-bound constraints that can be cast on the radius and dimensionless absorption coefficient of the surface. We show that the conclusions of the analysis presented by the EHT collaboration hold only for unnaturally small values of the absorption coefficient (i.e. much lower than 10-14), and thus have to be significantly revised in scenarios with physical significance.
Velocity-dependent annihilation radiation from dark matter subhalos in cosmological simulations
Authors: Piccirillo Erin , Blanchette Keagan , Bozorgnia Nassim , Strigari Louis E. , Frenk Carlos S. , Grand Robert J.J. , Marinacci Federico 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We use the suite of Milky Way-like galaxies in the Auriga simulations to determine the contribution to annihilation radiation from dark matter subhalos in three velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation models: Sommerfeld, p-wave, and d-wave models. We compare these to the corresponding distribution in the velocity-independent s-wave annihilation model. For both the hydrodynamical and dark-matter-only simulations, only in the case of the Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation does the total annihilation flux from subhalos exceed the total annihilation flux from the smooth halo component within the virial radius of the halo. Progressing from Sommerfeld to the s, p, and d-wave models, the contribution from the smooth component of the halo becomes more dominant, implying that for the p-wave and d-wave models the smooth component is by far the dominant contribution to the radiation. Comparing to the Galactic center excess observed by Fermi-LAT, for all simulated halos the emission is dominated by the smooth halo contribution. However, it is possible that for Sommerfeld models, extrapolation down to mass scales below the current resolution limit of the simulation would imply a non-negligible contribution to the gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Center region.
Gas flow standards and their uncertainty
Authors: Wright John D , Nakao Shin-Ichi , Johnson Aaron N , Moldover Michael R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We review primary and working gas flow standards that are used to calibrate gas flow meters. For each type of primary standard, we describe the principles and practical considerations of its operation and describe one example implementation. We identify the practical limits of the example’s performance, and, in many instances, we provide an uncertainty budget for a typical flow. The reviewed standards span the flow range 2.2 × 10−7 g s−1 to 520 kg s−1. The references point to standards that operate at higher and at lower flows. The reviewed standards include volumetric flow standards (piston and bell provers, pressure–volume–temperature–time standards, rate of rise standards), static and dynamic gravimetric flow standards, and velocity × area standards such as critical flow venturis, laser doppler anemometer surveys, and multipath-ultrasonic meters. Finally, we describe working standard flow meters used in parallel to attain higher flows than economically practical via primary methods.
Calibration and test of CsI scintillator ion detection system for tokamak magnetic field diagnosis based on laser-driven ion-beam trace probe (LITP)
Authors: Wu M.J. , Yang X.Y. , Xu T.C. , Li D.Y. , Chen Y.H. , Zhu J.G. , Yang T. , Hu X.Y. , Ma W.J. , Zhao Y.Y. , Zhu K. , Xu M. , Xiao C.J. , Yan X.Q. , Lin C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a new diagnostic method of core electromagnetic field, the laser-driven ion-beam trace probe (LITP), is expected to realize the first application of the advanced laser accelerator in magnetic confinement fusion. The detector of the LITP directly measures the distribution of the dispersed pulsed ions after they have passed through the core plasma (Yang 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum.
85 11E429). In such an environment of high temperature and radiation, the response and lifetime of the ion detector is very crucial. In this work, we have verified the feasibility of the LITP ion detection through systemic experiments. A CsI(Tl) scintillator coupled with an imaging system composed of optical lens and optical fiber array was calibrated on both the 4.5 MV Electrostatic Accelerator and the Compact LAser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) at Peking University. We found that the detectable proton density limit is achievable by using a tens of TW level laser system. The CsI(Tl) scintillator system was also tested on the HL-2A tokamak device to measure the real background noise caused by the hot plasma electrons and radiation. It was not damaged by the harsh environment after being placed in the tokamak for three days, and the background noise was completely suppressed when using an ultrafast camera and microsecond shutter. These calibrations and tests verified the feasibility of the LITP detector.
A Decoupling and Coupling Approach for the Bi-harmonic Equation
Authors: Hassan Kamal , Farid Mahmoud 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the numerical solution of the bi-harmonic problem: Δ2
w = p
. The operator is split into two harmonic ones. The finite difference scheme of the harmonic operator is used to get discretized operators, coupling those leads to a global system

A

w

→

=

p

→

, this system is to be solved with any well-posed boundary conditions. In this way, boundary conditions need not be specified with the decoupled equations, but rather with the global system. Numerical test problems are provided. The extension of this technique to poly harmonic equations is straightforward.
The Effect of Hydro Cooling Time, Storage Temperature and Storage Duration on Saba Banana
Authors: Silip Jupikely James , Supramaniam Jagathiswarri , Mijan Salumiah , Gobilik Januarius , Elsabagh Ahmed Said 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in Postharvest Lab of Faculty Sustainable Agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydro cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration on Saba banana. The hypothesis that has been tested in this experiment was is there a significant difference in the effect of hydro cooling time (CT), storage temperature (ST) and storage duration (SD) on Saba banana. The treatments used in this experiment were different hydro cooling times (0, ½ and 7/8); then Saba banana was stored at cold temperature (13±2°C), room temperature (26±2°C) and outside temperature (30±2°C) after hydro cooling for 3 weeks duration. The parameters that have been recorded in this study were weight loss, pulp firmness, skin colour, visual appearance, pH value, total soluble solid and total titratable acidity. The experimental design thatused for this study was Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of treatments (3CoolingTime x 3Storage Temperature x 4 Storage Duration), with three replications and two fruits per treatment per replication. The results were analysed using SAS Version 9.1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to get the variance among the treatments, storage temperatures and storage duration. LSD was performed to determine difference on the mean values. The results indicate that the cooling time has significantly affected the weight loss, pulp firmness, skin colour L*, skin colour C*, pH, total soluble solid and titratable acidity but it did not affect significantly on skin colour h° and visual appearance. Meanwhile the storage temperature affects significantly all the parameter except skin colour h° and all the parameters have significantly affected at all storage durations. Treatment combinations of cooling time and storage temperature were found to have significant interaction effects on visual appearance and titratable acidity only. The treatment combinations between cooling time and storage duration were found to have significant effect on weight loss, total soluble solid and titratable acidity. The treatment combination between storage temperature and storage duration were found to have significant effects on all the postharvest qualities except for the pH. The treatment combinations between cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration were found to have significant effect on skin colour L*, skin colour C*, visual appearance and titratable acidity. In conclusion, there is no any precooling time that can be suggested for the farmers to be used in their farm because precooling increases the weight loss and reduces visual appearance.
Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Rabies
Authors: Alwi Fazilah Muhamad , Khusaini Musherah , Abu Bakar Ag. Muhammad Sagaf , Mohd Faik Ainol Azifa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rabies is an acute progressive and zoonotic disease which is caused by the rabies virus. Rabies virus is the prototype virus belonging to the genus lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae of the order Mononegavirales. The aim of this study was to develop a nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nRTPCR) for the detection of this virus along with a canine internal control to monitor the integrity of the extracted RNA. A pair of outer and inner primer targeting the N gene of the virus was evaluated along with β-actin gene as the internal control. This nRTPCR can detect up to 20 viral copy number.
Noise-to-signal ratio of single-trajectory spectral densities in centered Gaussian processes
Authors: Squarcini Alessio , Marinari Enzo , Oshanin Gleb , Peliti Luca , Rondoni Lamberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss the statistical properties of a single-trajectory power spectral density

S

(

ω
,
T

)

of an arbitrary one-dimensional real-valued centered Gaussian process X(t), where ω is the angular frequency and

T

the observation time. We derive a double-sided inequality for its noise-to-signal ratio and obtain the full probability density function of

S

(

ω
,
T

)

. Our findings imply that the fluctuations of

S

(

ω
,
T

)

exceed its average value

μ

(

ω
,
T

)

. This implies that using

μ

(

ω
,
T

)

to describe the behavior of these processes can be problematic. We finally evaluate the typical behavior of

S

(

ω
,
T

)

and find that it deviates markedly from the average

μ

(

ω
,
T

)

in most cases.
On question of tourist opportunities in agricultural areas of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Karpova G A , Valeeva E O , Vorotynskaya A M , Pozdeeva E A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The situation in which the tourism industry currently finds itself is forcing increased monitoring of the available tourism opportunities in the various territories of the country. Comprehensive state support within the existing crisis, including the creation of a new National Project “Tourism and Hospitality”, offers additional opportunities for the development of domestic tourism. The North-West region (NWFD), with its impressive tourism potential, needs to increase the activity of all participants in the tourism market towards maximizing its opportunities to attract travelers. The article provides an overview of the main research results on the current state of tourism in the NWFD: the development level of transport and hotel infrastructure, the involvement of the territories in various promotion projects, the popularity level of the regions among tourists. Special emphasis was made on a number of promising regions of the district. The article also presents the conclusions of the authors’ SWOT analysis. Recommendations are made in the conclusion.
The water electric activation method with a part of energy concentrated in its flow
Authors: Iosifov V P , Melikov A V , Matveev A I , Shchukina V N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Of the widely used types of water purification its disinfection by the method of electric activation makes it possible to cleanse bacteria, spores, fungi of microorganisms due to the electrical effect of the directional deviation of the electrons activity in the aquatic environment from the equilibrium state and reduces toxicity due to highly active reducing agents. When using of the electrically activated water for irrigation, an increase in the energy of germination and plants germination ability is observed. Supply of electric activated water by droplet outlets is fraught with relaxation of the water mass state due to the long time it takes for the liquid to pass from the electric activation unit to the plant. To minimize this time, the authors propose to organize an autonomous supply of the water electrical activation process used for irrigation. The paper proposes a new water electric activation method, which differs from the existing ones in that the energy for the installation of electrochemical activation is generated due to the movement of water masses. It is expected that, in practice, the water electric activation by part of the kinetic energy concentrated in its flow will help to minimize losses in the supplying process to irrigated crops, which will significantly increase their yield.
Phytoremediation ability of perennial grasses to cleanse chernozem soils
Authors: Kirichkova I V , Vdovenko A V , Vorob’eva O M , Ivantsova E A , Kochkar M M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A necessary measure to reduce the accumulation of HMs in the soil, as shown by studies, is the introduction of perennial grasses into the field crop rotations, increasing the humus content, enriching the soil with phosphates. Heavy metals include more than 40 chemical elements with atomic weights in excess of 50 atomic units. The studied heavy metals are distributed fairly evenly under perennial grasses and their content in the arable soil layer (0-0.20 m) does not exceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) and has a steady tendency to decrease with the perennial grasses use duration increase.
Quality and yield of wheat bread when using different amounts of salt
Authors: Evsenina M V , Vinogradov D V , Lupova E I , Pityurina I S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article provides research on the quality and yield of bakery products from wheat flour grown in the conditions of Ryazan region, with various doses of salt used in the recipe. Salt is not only a prescription component in the production of bakery products, but also a factor of active influence on structural and mechanical properties of the dough and indicators of the quality of finished products. According to the research results, salt, in the amount recommended in the recipe, had a positive effect on the gas-forming and gas-holding capacity of the dough. The optimal amount of salt for the first sample containing gluten of the 1st quality group was 1 % in relation to the flour mass, and it was 2 % for the second sample, characterized by gluten of the 2nd quality group. The most cost-effective option in the first sample containing gluten of the 1st quality group was with 1 % salt content (76.65 %), and for the second sample, characterized by the 2nd gluten quality group it was with 2 % salt content (69.42 %).
Machine-Tractor Unit with Pneumatic Hydraulic Elastic Element in Transmission Reciprocating Mass Theoretical Studies
Authors: Nekhoroshev D D , Nekhoroshev D A , Popov A Y , Konovalov P V , Nekhoroshev N D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increasing the stable operation and productivity of the machine-tractor unit is to create conditions for a smooth change in forward speed and the formation of traction resistance created by agricultural machines, depending on the agrotechnical requirements and the background of the processed field surface. The efficiency of wheel propellers interaction with the rolling surface is mainly determined by the coefficient of adhesion, rolling resistance and skidding of the driving wheels. The study of these phenomena that appear with the increase in the operating speeds of wheeled machine-tractor units showed that the vibrations arising in this case appear from the interaction of the tractor running system with the surface of the field on which the tractor is operating. One of the ways to improve the tractor speed is the use of devices with elastic damping elements in the tractor transmission. The operation of machine-tractor unit with elastic constraints in the transmission under the condition of random loading, confirmed the possibility of reducing the dynamic components of the hook force and negative phenomena of the wheeled tractors running system interaction caused by the increase in operating speeds.
Dynamic and integrative capabilities for digital transformation of innovative and institutional potential
Authors: Gayer A V , Pronichkin S V , Tropin D V , Chernyshova Y S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digitalization leads to a change in the quality of the organizational systems functions performance. An otological analysis of the restructuring of the organizational systems management architecture in the context of digitalization is carried out. The classification features formation principles have been developed, a transformation system has been built in accordance with the digitalization layers. The transformations typification is carried out and the transformations features with the use of several layers of digitalization are indicated. The main differences in the transformations implementation, depending on the level of digitalization, are highlighted.
Applying distributed ledger technologies in megacities to face anthropogenic burden challenges
Authors: Chernyshova Y S , Savelyev B I , Solodov S V , Pronichkin S V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Distributed ledger technologies can support a rapid transition to smart cities and provide a high level of urban quality. Despite the large number of approaches to the problem of synthesizing smart city management systems, there is still no universal solution. One of the most promising areas is the construction of neural network control systems. The optimization module for a neurosimulator is developed that can operate in real time. The study of the neurosimulator on various data of anthropogenic load showed the possibility of obtaining high control accuracy.
Digital twins as a tool for systemic integration of innovative digital technologies in agriculture
Authors: Rogachev A F , Skiter N N , Ketko N V , Simonov A B , Makarevich I V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digital twins are one of the promising technologies that have emerged in the last decade. Their implementation in agriculture is one of the prospective opportunities to ensure the quantitative and qualitative growth of production in this area. The article considers various options for the introduction of digital twins in crop and livestock production, discusses the opportunities they form and the potential threats associated primarily with the complexity and complexity of this technology. Conclusions are made about the process of implementation of this technology and the requirements of systemic efforts to create an innovation sphere, including the legal and regulatory framework, investment and information services, conditions for the introduction of other technologies of Industry 4.0, which will create a synergistic effect that significantly increases the effectiveness of digital twins in agriculture.
Fabrication of human myocardium using multidimensional modelling of engineered tissues
Authors: Montero-Calle Pilar , Flandes-Iparraguirre María , Mountris Konstantinos , S de la Nava Ana , Laita Nicolás , Rosales Ricardo M , Iglesias-García Olalla , de-Juan-Pardo Elena M , Atienza Felipe , Fernández-Santos María Eugenia , Peña Estefanía , Doblaré Manuel , Gavira Juan J , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Prósper Felipe , Pueyo Esther , Mazo Manuel M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biofabrication of human tissues has seen a meteoric growth triggered by recent technical advancements such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and additive manufacturing. However, generation of cardiac tissue is still hampered by lack of adequate mechanical properties and crucially by the often unpredictable post-fabrication evolution of biological components. In this study we employ melt electrowriting (MEW) and hiPSC-derived cardiac cells to generate fibre-reinforced human cardiac minitissues. These are thoroughly characterized in order to build computational models and simulations able to predict their post-fabrication evolution. Our results show that MEW-based human minitissues display advanced maturation 28 post-generation, with a significant increase in the expression of cardiac genes such as MYL2, GJA5, SCN5A and the MYH7/MYH6 and MYL2/MYL7 ratios. Human iPSC-cardiomyocytes are significantly more aligned within the MEW-based 3D tissues, as compared to conventional 2D controls, and also display greater expression of C ×43. These are also correlated with a more mature functionality in the form of faster conduction velocity. We used these data to develop simulations capable of accurately reproducing the experimental performance. In-depth gauging of the structural disposition (cellular alignment) and intercellular connectivity (C ×43) allowed us to develop an improved computational model able to predict the relationship between cardiac cell alignment and functional performance. This study lays down the path for advancing in the development of in silico tools to predict cardiac biofabricated tissue evolution after generation, and maps the route towards more accurate and biomimetic tissue manufacture.
Presidential elections:
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
“Presidential Elections: Nominating Campaigns and General Elections” explores the complexities of how candidates for president are chosen and how they are elected. The nominating campaign is to many Americans confusing and opaque. The lengthy timescale of primary and caucus elections means that some states have a disproportionate influence on the outcome. Two factors have even greater influence in the election process: the funding of campaigns, which can cost tens of millions of dollars, and the nature of the Electoral College system, which means that much of the debate will be conducted in a few battleground states where a few votes can make a difference to the Electoral College.