bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Central and Complex Sleep Apnea
Authors: Roberts Erin Grattan , Raphelson Janna R. , Orr Jeremy E. , LaBuzetta Jamie Nicole , Malhotra Atul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on central apnea. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by apneas (cessation in breathing), and hypopneas (reductions in breathing), that occur during sleep. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is sleep disordered breathing in which there is an absence or diminution of respiratory effort during breathing disturbances while asleep. In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on the other hand, there is an absence of flow despite ongoing ventilatory effort.Recent FindingsCentral sleep apnea is a heterogeneous disease with multiple clinical manifestations.SummaryOSA is by far the more common condition; however, CSA is highly prevalent among certain patient groups. Complex sleep apnea (CompSA) is defined as the occurrence/emergence of CSA upon treatment of OSA. Similarly, there is considerable overlap between CSA and OSA in pathogenesis as well as impacts. Thus, understanding sleep disordered breathing is important for many practicing clinicians.
Association of hepatitis B vaccine response to vitamin D supplementation and ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure during different time intervals in experimental animals
Authors: Youssry Sara , Shalaby Thanaa , Maher Al-Shaimaa , Ghoneim Hossam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The implications of vitamin D deficiency on the immune system have become clearer in recent years, being associated with less immune response following HBV vaccine. We aimed to elucidate the effect of vitamin D supplementation and UVB exposure on short- and long-term performance of hepatitis B vaccine. Forty-five male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups that were immunized with recombinant HBsAg. The first group (group I) represented a negative control group, whereas group III rabbits were administered with commercially available 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D as an alternative for UVB exposure in group II. Results showed that vitamin D concentrations were significantly higher in UVB exposed group compared to both negative control and vitamin D-supplemented groups during short- and long-time intervals. In addition, means of anti-HBsAg isotypes’ levels and anti-HBsAg IgG avidity% were significantly higher in negative control group compared to other groups during short- and long-time intervals. Moreover, vitamin D serum concentration was positively correlated with anti-HBsAg IgG level and avidity % in both negative control and vitamin D-supplemented groups, while it was negatively correlated with anti-HBsAg IgM level in negative control group. It can be concluded from the above results that UVB radiation may have both augmenting and suppressive effects and that circulating serum vitamin D concentration may have a positive association with premium immune modulation following HBV vaccination.
Encompassing statistically unquantifiable randomness in goal programming: an application to portfolio selection
Authors: Bravo Mila , Jones Dylan , Pla-Santamaria David , Salas-Molina Francisco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRandom events make multiobjective programming solutions vulnerable to changes in input data. In many cases statistically quantifiable information on variability of relevant parameters may not be available for decision making. This situation gives rise to the problem of obtaining solutions based on subjective beliefs and a priori risk aversion to random changes. To solve this problem, we propose to replace the traditional weighted goal programming achievement function with a new function that considers the decision maker’s perception of the randomness associated with implementing the solution through the use of a penalty term. This new function also implements the level of a priori risk aversion based around the decision maker’s beliefs and perceptions. The proposed new formulation is illustrated by means of a variant of the mean absolute deviation portfolio selection model. As a result, difficulties imposed by the absence of statistical information about random events can be encompassed by a modification of the achievement function to pragmatically consider subjective beliefs.
A self-organizing map approach for constrained multi-objective optimization problems
Authors: He Chao , Li Ming , Zhang Congxuan , Chen Hao , Zhong Peilong , Li Zhengxiu , Li Junhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere exist many multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) containing several inequality and equality constraints in practical applications, which are known as CMOPs. CMOPs pose great challenges for existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) since the difficulty in balancing the objective minimization and constraint satisfaction. Without loss of generality, the distribution of the Pareto set for a continuous m-objective CMOP can be regarded as a piecewise continuous manifold of dimension (m − 1). According to this property, a self-organizing map (SOM) approach for constrained multi-objective optimization problems is proposed in this article. In the proposed approach, we adopt the strategy of two population evolution, in which one population is evolved by considering all the constraints and the other population is used to assist in exploring the areas. In the evolutionary stage, each population is assigned a self-organizing map for discovering the population distribution structure in the decision space. After the topological mapping, we utilize the extracted neighborhood relationship information to generate promising offspring solutions. Afterwards, the neuron weight vectors of SOM are updated by the objective vectors of the surviving offsprings. Through the proposed approach, we can make the population efficiently converge to the feasible region with suitable levels of diversity. In the experiments, we compare the proposed method with several state-of-the-art approaches by using 48 benchmark problems. The evaluation results indicate that the overwhelmingly superior performance of the proposed method over the other peer algorithms on most of the tested problems. The source code is available at https://github.com/hccccc92918/CMOSMA.
Frontiers of sphere recognition in practice
Authors: Joswig Michael , Lofano Davide , Lutz Frank H. , Tsuruga Mimi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSphere recognition is known to be undecidable in dimensions five and beyond, and no polynomial time method is known in dimensions three and four. Here we report on positive and negative computational results with the goal to explore the limits of sphere recognition from a practical point of view. An important ingredient are randomly constructed discrete Morse functions.
Preliminary results of the first lithic raw material survey in the piedmont zones of Kazakhstan
Authors: Namen Abay , Cuthbertson Patrick , Varis Aristeidis , Schmidt Patrick , Taimagambetov Zhaken , Iovita Radu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study of raw materials was comprehensively studied in European and African Palaeolithic. However, systematic research of raw material sourcing has not been undertaken for the Palaeolithic of Kazakhstan, such surveys being embedded in reconnaissance works aimed at discovering new Palaeolithic sites. Our work presents preliminary results of the first lithic raw material survey in Kazakhstan. This study distinguishes the geographic patterns of land-use and their correlation with the stone tools from stratified sites. We describe primary and secondary sources of raw materials and compare macroscopically with the lithic assemblages. The survey results show a heterogeneous distribution of raw materials throughout the study regions. Macroscopic observations of lithic assemblages, and data extracted from literature suggest that hominins primarily selected local raw materials. Regional differences in the utilisation of a particular type of raw material which can be observed through the macroscopic examination of the lithic collections are confirmed by survey results.
Effect of drug aceclofenac on physicochemical properties of mixed micellar systems
Authors: Sheelarani B. , Paul Raj E. , Joshi R. G. , Dash Sasmita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, the effect of the drug aceclofenac (ACF) on the properties of three mixed micellar systems are studied. The three systems were pluronic L64 + F127 (nonionic-nonionic), pluronic L64 + CTAB (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide), (nonionic-cationic) and L64 + SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulphate), (nonionic-anionic) combinations. The physicochemical parameters were characterized by different techniques such as UV visible spectroscopy, FTIR, conductance, DLS, and SEM. The presence of ACF affected the nonionic-ionic mixed micelles more than the nonionic-nonionic group as evidenced by UV spectroscopy. From the DLS measurement, it was observed that ACF enhanced the size of the single micelle of pluronic L64 from 98 to 168 nm. The size of the cationic mixed micelle with ACF displayed 329 nm and the anionic mixed one showed 291 nm suggesting enhanced entrapment efficiency of their mixed micelle compared to the single micelles. The size was also reconfirmed by SEM analysis. From the conductivity measurements of the two nonionic-ionic micellar systems, the counter ion binding constant β, and the thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS were determined. The negative value of ΔG infers spontaneous binding between ACF and ionic mixed micelles.

Article highlights

Ionic mixed micelles are more effective than nonionic pair.

ACF has more spontaneous binding with anionic mixed micelle compared to cationic.

The drug entrapment efficiency is better in mixed micelles than in single micelles.
Feasibility, acceptability and evaluation of meditation to augment yoga practice among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Bhatia Triptish , Kumari Nupur , Yadav Ashok , Beniwal Ram Pratap , Shah Gyandeepak , Joel Wood , Jones Jacquelynn R. , Iyenger Satish , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita N 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:To design a meditation protocol and test its feasibility, acceptability and efficacy in conjunction with yoga training (YT) for persons with schizophrenia (SZ).Methods:The meditation protocol consisted of Anapana (observing normal respiration) and Yoga Nidra (supine, restful awareness). In a single-blind randomised controlled trial, medicated and clinically stable outpatients diagnosed with SZ were randomised to receive treatment as usual (TAU), TAU augmented with YT or TAU augmented with meditation and yoga training (MYT) for 3 weeks (N = 145). Acceptability, clinical, social and cognitive functions were assessed after 3-week and 3-month post-randomisation using within-group and between-group analyses with repeated measures multivariate tests.Results:No group-wise differences in compliance, study discontinuation, major/serious side effects or adverse events were noted. For six assessed clinical variables, the direction of changes were in the desired direction and the effect sizes were greater in the MYT group compared with the TAU group at both time points. Changes in social function variables were greater at 3 months than at 3 weeks. Nominally significant improvement in individual cognitive domains were noted in all groups at both time points. All effect sizes were in the small to medium range.Conclusion:MYT is feasible and acceptable and shows modest benefits for persons with SZ. MYT can also improve quality of life and clinical symptoms. Larger studies of longer duration are warranted.
THE ROLE OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN DETERMINING THE LEGITIMACY OF GOVERNMENTS
Authors: Barber Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2021, unconstitutional transfers of power in Myanmar and Afghanistan highlighted that while States may desire a coherent response to questions about the status of governments, and may look for international guidance in such regard, there is no established process for providing such guidance. Thus, attention focuses on the General Assembly's credentials process, designed to assess the eligibility of delegates to represent their States at the UN. This article proposes that rather than the credentials process being stretched in this way, greater use should be made of the Assembly's competence to pass determinative resolutions on government legitimacy.
Depression, worry, and loneliness are associated with subsequent risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: a prospective study
Authors: Wang Siwen , Quan Luwei , Ding Ming , Kang Jae H. , Koenen Karestan C. , Kubzansky Laura D. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Chavarro Jorge E. , Roberts Andrea L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPre-pandemic psychological distress is associated with increased susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but associations with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity are not established. The authors examined the associations between distress prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent risk of hospitalization.MethodsBetween April 2020 (baseline) and April 2021, we followed 54 781 participants from three ongoing cohorts: Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), Nurses' Health Study 3 (NHS3), and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) who reported no current or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline. Chronic depression was assessed during 2010–2019. Depression, anxiety, worry about COVID-19, perceived stress, and loneliness were measured at baseline. SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization due to COVID-19 was self-reported. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated by Poisson regression.Results3663 participants reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (mean age = 55.0 years, standard deviation = 13.8) during follow-up. Among these participants, chronic depression prior to the pandemic [RR = 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.46], and probable depression (RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.08–3.03), being very worried about COVID-19 (RR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.12–2.86), and loneliness (RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.02–3.20) reported at baseline were each associated with subsequent COVID-19 hospitalization, adjusting for demographic factors and healthcare worker status. Anxiety and perceived stress were not associated with hospitalization. Depression, worry about COVID-19, and loneliness were as strongly associated with hospitalization as were high cholesterol and hypertension, established risk factors for COVID-19 severity.ConclusionsPsychological distress may be a risk factor for hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assessment of psychological distress may identify patients at greater risk of hospitalization. Future work should examine whether addressing distress improves physical health outcomes.
Statistical power in clinical trials of interventions for mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders
Authors: de Vries Ymkje Anna , Schoevers Robert A. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Munafò Marcus R. , Bastiaansen Jojanneke A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that statistical power is suboptimal in many biomedical disciplines, but it is unclear whether power is better in trials for particular interventions, disorders, or outcome types. We therefore performed a detailed examination of power in trials of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders.MethodsWe extracted data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Mental Health). We focused on continuous efficacy outcomes and estimated power to detect predetermined effect sizes (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.20–0.80, primary SMD = 0.40) and meta-analytic effect sizes (ESMA). We performed meta-regression to estimate the influence of including underpowered studies in meta-analyses.ResultsWe included 256 reviews with 10 686 meta-analyses and 47 384 studies. Statistical power for continuous efficacy outcomes was very low across intervention and disorder types (overall median [IQR] power for SMD = 0.40: 0.32 [0.19–0.54]; for ESMA: 0.23 [0.09–0.58]), only reaching conventionally acceptable levels (80%) for SMD = 0.80. Median power to detect the ESMA was higher in treatment-as-usual (TAU)/waitlist-controlled (0.49–0.63) or placebo-controlled (0.12–0.38) trials than in trials comparing active treatments (0.07–0.13). Adequately-powered studies produced smaller effect sizes than underpowered studies (B = −0.06, p ⩽ 0.001).ConclusionsPower to detect both predetermined and meta-analytic effect sizes in psychiatric trials was low across all interventions and disorders examined. Consistent with the presence of reporting bias, underpowered studies produced larger effect sizes than adequately-powered studies. These results emphasize the need to increase sample sizes and to reduce reporting bias against studies reporting null results to improve the reliability of the published literature.
Violence Against Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study from a Turkish Emergency Department
Authors: Yılmaz Karaman İmran Gökçen , Akı Zeynep , Çanakçı Mustafa Emin , Altınöz Ali Ercan , Özakın Engin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health problem and a violation of women’s human rights. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has worsened gender inequality, resulting in a heightened incidence of VAW. This study aims to assess the characteristics of women who admit to the emergency department (ED), both before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The secondary aim is to compare the frequencies of violence cases between periods.Methods:By single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional design, the periods of April 10 - December 31, 2020 and April 10 - December 31, 2019 were compared. The outcomes of the study were the daily ED admission numbers of both sexes, the prevalence of VAW cases in the ED, as well as sociodemographic and clinical variables of the women who were exposed to violence.Results:During the pandemic period, number of VAW cases in the ED increased 13% and the ratio of VAW cases to all ED admissions tripled compared to the pre-pandemic period. Women exposed to VAW were more likely to be without social insurance, injured in the trunk part of their body, and having a life-threatening injury in the pandemic period. In both periods, women were attacked by an intimate partner, dominantly (42.6% and 54.1%, respectively). In addition, among all admissions of adults to the ED, women’s percentage decreased while men’s admission ratios increased during the pandemic period. Admissions to ED declined 47.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the year before.Conclusion:Cases of VAW tend to increase during the pandemic, and health care settings should be well-organized to respond to survivors.
Providing home hospice care for LGBTQ+ patients and caregivers: Perceptions and opinions of hospice interdisciplinary care team providers
Authors: Cloyes Kristin G. , Jones Miranda , Gettens Caroline , Wawrzynski Sarah E. , Bybee Sara , Tay Djin L. , Reblin Maija , Ellington Lee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesHospice patients and caregivers who are members of sexual and gender minority groups (i.e., LGBTQ+) have reported experiencing unmet needs at end of life (EOL). Negative experiences often stem from challenging interactions with healthcare providers due to ineffective or poor communication and providers’ heteronormative assumptions and biases. Few studies, however, examine hospice care team (HCT) providers’ knowledge, experience, and opinions related to EOL care for LGBTQ+ patients and caregivers despite this being identified as a gap in competency and education. We sought to examine HCT providers’ perceptions regarding (1) awareness of LGBTQ+ patients and caregivers; (2) knowledge of specific or unique needs; and (3) opinions on best care and communication practices.MethodsSix focus groups conducted with HCT providers (n = 48) currently delivering hospice care in three US states were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were content coded (κ = 0.77), aggregated by topical categories, and descriptively summarized.ResultsParticipants were mostly white and non-Hispanic (n = 43, 89.6%), cisgender female (n = 42, 87.5%), heterosexual (n = 35, 72.9%), and religious (n = 33, 68.8%); they averaged 49 years of age (range 26–72, SD = 11.66). Awareness of LGBTQ+ patients and caregivers depended on patient or caregiver self-disclosure and contextual cues; orientation and gender identity data were not routinely collected. Many viewed being LGBTQ+ as private, irrelevant to care, and not a basis for people having specific or unique EOL needs because they saw EOL processes as universal, and believed that they treat everyone equally. Providers were more comfortable with patients of lesbian or gay orientation and reported less comfort and limited experience caring for transgender and gender-diverse patients or caregivers.Significance of resultsMany HCT members were unaware of specific issues impacting the EOL experiences of LGBTQ+ patients and caregivers, or how these experiences may inform important care and communication needs at EOL.
Drivers of Coral Reconstructed Salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: The Influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific Climate Shift
Authors: Kannad Ankitha , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Murty Sujata A. , Ramos Riovie D. , Smerdon Jason E. , Gordon Arnold L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe flow of Pacific water into the Indian Ocean via the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in the ocean thermohaline circulation providing the only low‐latitude pathway for the inter‐ocean exchange of heat and salt. The transport of the SCS and Indonesian throughflows is modulated by the East Asian monsoon and major climate modes associated with the Pacific and Indian Oceans. As an indicator of surface layer buoyancy, sea surface salinity (SSS) is critical to rates of exchange but instrumental records of SSS are short and sparse. Using empirical orthogonal functions, a synthesis of proxy‐based reconstructions of SSS from coral δ18O is used to study the role of climate variability on long‐term SSS behavior in the region. The leading mode of SSS variability in the boreal winter and summer responds to the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift. At multi‐decadal timescales, only the East Asian monsoon and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) retain their signal in winter and summer SSS after 1976. At higher frequencies, winter SSS shifts from having a strong East Asian monsoon signal to a more dominant impact of the IOD and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) following the shift. In the summer, only a change in ENSO's influence on SSS variability is observed after 1976. The recent intensification and dominance of the IOD and ENSO in driving SSS variability in the SCS and MC may influence circulation in the regional throughflows and perhaps global thermohaline circulation.