bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oral cannabis administration on the fat depots of obese and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ramlugon Sonaal , Levendal Ruby‐Ann , Frost Carminita L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity and insulin‐resistance is on the rise, globally. Cannabis have been shown to have anti‐diabetic/obesity properties, however, the effect mediated at various fat depots remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate the anti‐diabetic property of an oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model and (2) to determine and compare the effect mediated at the peritoneal and intramuscular fat level. Cannabis concentration of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content) was effective in reversing insulin‐resistance in the rat model, unlike the other higher cannabinoid concentrations. At the peritoneal fat level, gene expression of fat beigeing markers, namely Cidea and UCP1, were significantly increased compared to the untreated control. At the intramuscular fat level, on the other hand, CE1.25 treatment did not promote fat beigeing but instead significantly increased mitochondrial activity, relative to the untreated control. Therefore, these findings indicate that the mechanism of action of oral cannabis administration, where glucose and lipid homeostasis is restored, is not only dependent on the dosage but also on the type of fat depot investigated.
Functional safe zone for THA considering the patient‐specific pelvic tilts: An ultrasound‐based approach
Authors: Guezou‐Philippe Aziliz , Clave Arnaud , Marchadour Wistan , Letissier Hoel , Lefevre Christian , Stindel Eric , Dardenne Guillaume 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe usual Lewinnek orientation for cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty is not suitable for all patients as it does not consider the patient mobility. We propose an ultrasound‐based approach to compute a Functional Safe Zone (FSZ) considering daily positions. Our goal was to validate it, and to evaluate how the input parameters impact the FSZ size and barycentre. The accuracy of the FSZ was first assessed by comparing the FSZ computed by the proposed approach and the true FSZ determined by 3D modelling. Then, the input parameters' impact on the FSZ was studied using a principal component analysis. The FSZ was estimated with errors below 0.5° for mean anteversion, mean inclination, and at edges. The pelvic tilts and the neck orientation were found correlated to the FSZ mean orientation, and the target ROM and the prosthesis dimensions to the FSZ size. Integrated into the clinical workflow, this non‐ionising approach can be used to easily determine an optimal patient‐specific cup orientation minimising the risks of dislocation.
Dual‐Purpose 3D‐Silica Nanostructure Matrix for Rapid Epigenetic Reprogramming of Tumor Cell to Cancer Stem Cell Spheroid
Authors: Verma Anish Hiresha , Haldavnekar Rupa , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation responsible for tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, are difficult to characterize and isolate. Conventional method of growing CSCs takes up to 2–8 weeks inhibiting the rate of research. Therefore, rapid reprogramming (RR) of tumor cells into CSCs is crucial to accelerate the stem cell oncology research. The current RR techniques cannot be utilized for CSC RR due to many limitations posed due to isolation requirements resulting in loss of vital data. Hence, a technique that can induce CSC RR without the need for isolation procedures is needed. Here, fabrication of a 3D‐silica nanostructured extracellular matrix for RR and in situ monitoring is reported. The RR is tested using three preclinical cancer models. The 3D matrix and a zeta potential study confirm an intense material‐cellular interaction resulting in the enhanced expressions of surface and epigenetic biomarkers. Cancer cells require only 3‐day period to form CSC spheroids with 3D‐silica extracellular matrix. Real‐time single‐cell monitoring of the methylene blue‐induced photodynamic demonstrates the dual functionality. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a CSC epigenetic reprogramming using nanostructures. These findings may pave the path for accelerating the stem cell research in oncology.
Automated recognition of ruffed grouse drumming in field recordings
Authors: Lapp Samuel , Larkin Jeffery L. , Parker Halie A. , Larkin Jeffery T. , Shaffer Dakotah R. , Tett Carolyn , McNeil Darin J. , Fiss Cameron J. , Kitzes Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRuffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) populations are declining throughout their range, which has prompted efforts to understand drivers of the decline. Ruffed grouse monitoring efforts often rely on acoustic drumming surveys, in which a surveyor listens for the distinctive drumming sound that male ruffed grouse produce during the breeding season. Field‐based drumming surveys can fail to detect ruffed grouse when the birds drum infrequently or irregularly, making this species an excellent candidate for remote acoustic sensing with automated recording units (ARUs). An accurate automated recognition method for ruffed grouse drumming could enable effective and efficient use of ARU data for monitoring efforts; however, no such tool is currently available. Here we develop an automated method for detecting ruffed grouse drumming in audio recordings. Our detector uses a signal processing pipeline designed to recognize the accelerating pattern of drumming. We show that the automated recognition method accurately and efficiently detects drumming events in a set of labeled ARU field recordings. In a case study with 56 locations in Central Pennsylvania, we compared detections of ruffed grouse from 4 survey methods: field‐based acoustic drumming surveys, surveys conducted by humans listening to ARU recordings, and automated recognition for both a 1‐day and a 28‐day period. Field‐based surveys detected drumming at 9 of 56 locations (16%), while surveys conducted by humans listening to ARU recordings detected drumming at 8 locations (14%). Using automated recognition, the 1‐day recording period produced detections at 17 locations (30%) and the 28‐day recording period produced detections at 34 locations (61%). Our case study supports the idea that automated recognition can unlock the value of ARU datasets by temporally expanding the survey period. We provide an open‐source Python implementation of the recognition method to support further use in ruffed grouse monitoring efforts.
A mathematical game for topology optimization of cooling systems
Authors: Thore Carl‐Johan , Lundgren Jonas , Lundgren Jan‐Erik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a topology optimization‐based method for optimal design of cooling systems in the form of a mathematical game between two players trying to reach a compromise between limiting the amount of a cooling medium used and obtaining low temperatures in the design domain. The flow of the cooling medium is governed by a Stokes–Brinkman flow model with penalty, while the temperature is governed by a stationary convection–diffusion problem whose solution is approximated using a finite element method with consistent stabilization. Existence of solution for the continuum problems and finite element convergence are shown. The idea and performance of the proposed design method are illustrated by numerical examples based on a problem‐setting inspired by an industrial design problem for a gas turbine part. The method exhibits good convergence and is able to generate meaningful design concepts representing various levels of compromise between limited use of cooling medium and low temperatures.
Soil Laboratory: Crafting Experiments in an Exhibition Setting
Authors: Latva-Somppi Riikka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I will reflect on the role of craft in environmental discourse. This is done by presenting the project Soil Laboratory as a case study, examining its methodology and its context, the exhibition Soil Matters in the Design Museum Helsinki 2020–2021. Through the exhibition we contemplated the relationship between humans and soil and particularly asked the following question: How are the craft and design industries and the consumption of everyday objects involved in the reformation and contamination of soil? The Soil Laboratory was a central element in the exhibition and operated as a platform where collaborations were born, and knowledge merged, created and reiterated in the hope of cultivating responsibility and care towards soil. Via the case study, I argue that craft practice offers a tool to engage with the aesthetics of matter and the intimacy of making. It can be used to critically examine connections to material production and the consumption of natural materials. As such, craft and design exhibitions as arenas for reflection can engage in the politics of sustainable co-existence and impact upon ethical considerations.
The LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung: incorporation of “instantaneous” interactions for QCD
Authors: Arnold Peter , Gorda Tyler , Iqbal Shahin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The splitting processes of bremsstrahlung and pair production in a medium are coherent over large distances in the very high energy limit, which leads to a suppression known as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. We continue study of the case when the coherence lengths (formation lengths) of two consecutive splitting processes overlap, avoiding soft-emission approximations. Previous work made a “nearly-complete” calculation of the effect of overlapping formation times on gluonic splittings such as g → gg → ggg (with simplifying assumptions such as an infinite QCD medium and the large-Nc limit). In this paper, we extend those previous rate calculations from nearly-complete to complete by including processes involving the exchange of longitudinally-polarized gluons. In the context of Lightcone Pertubation Theory, used earlier for the “nearly-complete” calculation, such exchanges are instantaneous in lightcone time and have their own diagrammatic representation.
The flavourful present and future of 2HDMs at the collider energy frontier
Authors: Atkinson Oliver , Black Matthew , Englert Christoph , Lenz Alexander , Rusov Aleksey , Wynne James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the intersection of flavour and collider physics for Two-Higgs-Doublet models of Type I and II. Drawing from the flavour precision-LHC exotics search complementarity, we also provide a projection of the future sensitivity that can be achieved in light of currently available analyses. On the one hand, we find that the parameter space of the 2HDM can be explored significantly further with more data from the LHC with some complementarity with flavour physics. On the other hand, flavour physics results alongside their projections remain powerful tools to constrain the model space in regions where direct sensitivity to new states via exotics searches is lost. Our results further high-light the recently observed flavour physics anomalies as important drivers of new physics searches in the future; we also touch on implications for a strong first order electroweak phase transition.
Activin A and CCR2 regulate macrophage function in testicular fibrosis caused by experimental autoimmune orchitis
Authors: Peng Wei , Kepsch Artem , Kracht Till O. , Hasan Hiba , Wijayarathna Rukmali , Wahle Eva , Pleuger Christiane , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Günther Stefan , Kauerhof A. Christine , Planinić Ana , Fietz Daniela , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Wygrecka Małgorzata , Loveland Kate L. , Ježek Davor , Meinhardt Andreas , Hedger Mark P. , Fijak Monika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExperimental autoimmune-orchitis (EAO), a rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and fibrosis, replicates pathogenic changes seen in some cases of human spermatogenic disturbances. During EAO, increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators such as TNF, CCL2, and activin A are accompanied by infiltration of leukocytes into the testicular parenchyma. Activin A levels correlate with EAO severity, while elevated CCL2 acting through its receptor CCR2 mediates leukocyte trafficking and recruits macrophages. CCR2 + CXCR4 + macrophages producing extracellular matrix proteins contribute widely to fibrogenesis. Furthermore, testicular macrophages (TMs) play a critical role in organ homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the activin A/CCL2-CCR2/macrophage axis in the development of testicular fibrosis. Following EAO induction, we observed lower levels of organ damage, collagen deposition, and leukocyte infiltration (including fibronectin+, collagen I+and CXCR4+TMs) inCcr2−/−mice than inWTmice. Furthermore, levels ofIl-10,Ccl2, and the activin A subunitInhbamRNAs were lower inCcr2−/−EAO testes. Notably, fibronectin+TMs were also present in biopsies from patients with impaired spermatogenesis and fibrotic alterations. Overexpression of the activin A antagonist follistatin reduced tissue damage and collagen I+TM accumulation inWTEAO testes, while treating macrophages with activin A in vitro increased the expression ofCcr2,Fn1,Cxcr4,andMmp2and enhanced migration along a CCL2 gradient; these effects were abolished by follistatin. Taken together, our data indicate that CCR2 and activin A promote fibrosis during testicular inflammation by regulating macrophage function. Inhibition of CCR2 or activin A protects against damage progression, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Evaluation of the cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy by use of breath-hold fMRI: investigation of voxel-wise hemodynamic delay correction in comparison to [15O]water PET
Authors: Zerweck Leonie , Hauser Till-Karsten , Roder Constantin , Blazhenets Ganna , Khan Nadia , Ernemann Ulrike , Meyer Philipp T. , Klose Uwe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy (MMA) require hemodynamic assessment to evaluate the risk of stroke. Hemodynamic evaluation by use of breath-hold-triggered fMRI (bh-fMRI) was proposed as a readily available alternative to the diagnostic standard [15O]water PET. Recent studies suggest voxel-wise hemodynamic delay correction in hypercapnia-triggered fMRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of delay correction of bh-fMRI in patients with MMA and to compare the results with [15O]water PET.

Methods
bh-fMRI data sets of 22 patients with MMA were evaluated without and with voxel-wise delay correction within different shift ranges and compared to the corresponding [15O]water PET data sets. The effects were evaluated combined and in subgroups of data sets with most severely impaired CVR (apparent steal phenomenon), data sets with territorial time delay, and data sets with neither steal phenomenon nor delay between vascular territories.

Results
The study revealed a high mean cross-correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) between bh-fMRI and [15O]water PET. The correlation was strongly dependent on the choice of the shift range. Overall, no shift range revealed a significantly improved correlation between bh-fMRI and [15O]water PET compared to the correlation without delay correction. Delay correction within shift ranges with positive high high cutoff revealed a lower agreement between bh-fMRI and PET overall and in all subgroups.

Conclusion
Voxel-wise delay correction, in particular with shift ranges with high cutoff, should be used critically as it can lead to false-negative results in regions with impaired CVR and a lower correlation to the diagnostic standard [15O]water PET.
Müssen wir wissen und werden wir jemals wissen?
Authors: Portmann Edy 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn einer im Video „Das Paradoxon im Herzen der Mathematik“ (von Marcus du Sautoy) fussenden Common-Sense-Kolumne, beleuchtet der Wirtschaftsinformatiker Edy Portmann den Gödelschen Unvollständigkeitssatz und zeigt daran deren Implikationen für die Informatik auf. Kurz gesagt: unsere Realität ist unscharf und nicht exakt!
Detection and molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae recovered from domestic pigeons in Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hend M. , Saad Aalaa S. A. , Khalifa Marwa M. , Abdel-Maogood Sahar Z. , Awadalla Salwa M. F. , Mousa Waheed M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that causes canker in pigeons. Squabs (young pigeons) are frequently infected with T. gallinae and can die because of the infection, while adult pigeons can act as carriers showing no clinical signs. In the present study, 50 squabs, up to 1-month-old, were purchased from pigeon markets in different regions of the Giza governorate, Egypt. Direct wet mount preparations of the oral excretions of the squabs (mouth wash) and Giemsa staining revealed that 64% (32/50) were positive for T. gallinae. Experimental infection of ten squabs with 103 T. gallinae trophozoites/ml resulted in oral lesions on the mouth, tongue, and soft palate, with the presence of yellowish-white nodules (cheese-like) in the oral cavity on the sixth day post-infection in all squabs. A subset of five samples were cultured in modified Diamond’s media, their DNA was extracted, and a portion of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1/5.8S/ITS2) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the five isolates revealed 64–91% homology with some reference isolates circulating in Egypt and related countries.
Real-Fibered Morphisms of del Pezzo Surfaces and Conic Bundles
Authors: Kummer Mario , Le Texier Cédric , Manzaroli Matilde 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt goes back to Ahlfors that a real algebraic curve admits a real-fibered morphism to the projective line if and only if the real part of the curve disconnects its complex part. Inspired by this result, we are interested in characterising real algebraic varieties of dimension n admitting real-fibered morphisms to the n-dimensional projective space. We present a criterion to classify real-fibered morphisms that arise as finite surjective linear projections from an embedded variety which relies on topological linking numbers. We address special attention to real algebraic surfaces. We classify all real-fibered morphisms from real del Pezzo surfaces to the projective plane and determine which such morphisms arise as the composition of a projective embedding with a linear projection. Furthermore, we give some insights in the case of real conic bundles.
Cusp Density and Commensurability of Non-arithmetic Hyperbolic Coxeter Orbifolds
Authors: Dotti Edoardo , Drewitz Simon T. , Kellerhals Ruth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor three distinct infinite families$$(R_m)$$(Rm),$$(S_m)$$(Sm), and$$(T_m)$$(Tm)of non-arithmetic 1-cusped hyperbolic Coxeter 3-orbifolds, we prove incommensurability for a pair of elements$$X_k$$Xkand$$Y_l$$Ylbelonging to the same sequence and for most pairs belonging two different ones. We investigate this problem first by means of the Vinberg space and the Vinberg form, a quadratic space associated to each of the corresponding fundamental Coxeter prism groups, which allows us to deduce some partial results. The complete proof is based on the analytic behavior of another commensurability invariant. It is given by the cusp density, and we prove and exploit its strict monotonicity.
Come back to stay: landscape connectivity analysis for the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the western Alps
Authors: Leoncini Fabio , Semenzato Paola , Di Febbraro Mirko , Loy Anna , Ferrari Caterina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAssessing landscape connectivity allows defining the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes the movement of a species between resource patches. In this phase of climate change and biodiversity crisis, maintaining landscape connectivity by restoring and protecting connecting areas and corridors is a key strategy to ensure the survival of many species. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a freshwater top predator that is slowly recovering after a dramatic decline occurred in central and southern Europe in the last century. To assess the chances of otter recolonization of the western Alps, we analyzed environmental connectivity by applying electrical circuit theory to an expert-based resistance surface using the Circuitscape software. The study area included southeastern France, northwestern Italy, and Switzerland. We produced a cumulative current flow map and a gap analysis was also conducted to highlight the “conservation gaps” for optimal corridors. The results revealed that the orography of the landscape was the main factor influencing the quantity and quality of the pathways in the western Alpine landscapes. As main corridors were concentrated on valley bottoms, human pressure could severely diminish animal movement. Despite this, some heavily populated areas showed high connectivity values. Some important pathways did not fall within protected areas, potentially hindering otter dispersal and highlighting the need to expand the system of protected areas in the Alpine arc. Recolonization of Alpine territories by otters can therefore only occur if connectivity and environmental suitability combine to ensure the animals' survival over time.
The Invisible Patient: Concerns about Donor Exploitation in Stem Cell Research
Authors: Segerdahl Pär 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs embryonic stem cell research is commercialized, the stem cell debate may shift focus from concerns about embryo destruction to concerns about exploitation of the women who donate eggs and embryos for research. Uncomfortable with the polarization of the embryo debate, this paper proposes a more “contemplative” approach than intellectual debate to concerns about exploitation. After examining pitfalls of rigid intellectual positions on exploitation, the paper investigates the possibility of a broader understanding of donation for research where patients are seen as the intended beneficiaries of the donation. Together with other actors, research is perceived as mediating altruistic gift relationships that extend from donors to patients. The paper explores how this broader perspective on “donation for research” can open up new possibilities of understanding donation and addressing risks of exploitation.
“Neural Noise” in Auditory Responses in Young Autistic and Neurotypical Children
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Vukusic Svjetlana , Williams Zachary J. , Saron Clifford D. , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElevated “neural noise” has been advanced as an explanation of autism and autistic sensory experiences. However, functional neuroimaging measures of neural noise may be vulnerable to contamination by recording noise. This study explored variability of electrophysiological responses to tones of different intensities in 127 autistic and 79 typically-developing children aged 2–5 years old. A rigorous data processing pipeline, including advanced visualizations of different signal sources that were maximally independent across different time lags, was used to identify and eliminate putative recording noise. Inter-trial variability was measured using median absolute deviations (MADs) of EEG amplitudes across trials and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC). ITPC was elevated in autism in the 50 and 60 dB intensity conditions, suggesting diminished (rather than elevated) neural noise in autism, although reduced ITPC to soft 50 dB sounds was associated with increased loudness discomfort. Autistic and non-autistic participants did not differ in MADs, and indeed, the vast majority of the statistical tests examined in this study yielded no significant effects. These results appear inconsistent with the neural noise account.