bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric rivers and associated extreme rainfall over Morocco
Authors: Khouakhi Abdou , Driouech Fatima , Slater Louise , Waine Toby , Chafki Omar , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Raji Otmane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow, and transient corridors of enhanced water vapour content in the lower troposphere, associated with strong low‐level winds. These features play a key role in the global water cycle and drive weather extremes in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed the frequency and general characteristics of landfalling ARs over Morocco for the period 1979–2020. We used ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data to detect and track landfalling ARs and then assessed AR association with rainfall at the annual and seasonal scales, as well as extreme rainfall events (defined as a daily precipitation amount exceeding the 99th percentile threshold of the wet days) at 30 gauging stations located across Morocco. Results indicate that about 36 ARs/year make landfall in Morocco. AR occurrence varies spatially and seasonally with highest occurrences in the autumn (SON) and Winter (DJF) in the northern part of the country and along the Atlantic across northern regions. AR rainfall climatology indicates up to 180 mm·year−1 recorded in stations located in the northwest. High fractional contributions (~28%) are recorded in the north and the Atlantic regions, with the driest regions of the south receiving about a third of their annual rainfall from ARs. For extreme rainfall, the highest AR contributions can attain over 50% in the southern dry regions and along the Atlantic north coast and Atlas highlands.
The interannual synchronization of the heatwave days in Korea and western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency
Authors: Cha Yumi , Choi Jae Won , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study conducted a correlation analysis between tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) in the western North Pacific (WNP) and heatwave days (HWD) in Korea during July and August for 1973–2018 and we found a strong positive correlation between them. This implied that the higher the TCGF in the WNP during July and August, the higher the HWD in Korea becomes. To examine the cause of the positive correlation between the TCGF during July and August in the WNP and the HWD in Korea, 15 years with the highest frequency and the lowest frequency out of the 46 years in the TCGF time series were selected and defined as high TCGF years and low TCGF years, respectively. According to the difference in atmospheric circulations between the two groups, in all layers of the troposphere, anomalous anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations were strengthened in the mid‐latitude region of East Asia and in the WNP, respectively, which was similar to the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern. The difference in the vertical meridional circulation averaged over the longitude range where Korea is located showed that anomalous upward and downward flows were strengthened in the WNP and in the latitude where Korea is located, respectively. This implied that the local Hadley circulation was strengthened during high TCGF years. Five hundred hectopascal wave activity flux originated from the North Atlantic, passed through the Scandinavian Peninsula, the North coast of Russia, and East Siberia before reaching Korea and the WNP. This spatial distribution was similar to the Scandinavia teleconnection pattern.
Human synovial fluid interleukin‐6, but not type II collagen breakdown, positively correlated with pain after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction
Authors: Sullivan Breanna , Stone Austin V. , Conley Caitlin E. W. , Hunt Emily R. , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury initiates a biochemical cascade thought to contribute to the onset and progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Interleukin‐1ß (IL‐1ß), IL‐6, and C‐telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX‐II) are implicated in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation following ACL injury; however, their association with pain is still being explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between synovial fluid concentrations of IL‐1ß, IL‐6, and CTX‐II with pain following ACL injury and reconstruction. We hypothesized that greater IL‐1ß, IL‐6, and CTX‐II would correlate with greater Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. This was a secondary analysis of 23 patients (mean age = 18.4 years, BMI = 27.4, 13 females/10 males) with acute ACL tears who participated in a pilot randomized trial. Synovial fluid and VAS scores were collected on the day of initial presentation, at ACL reconstruction, and 1 and 4 weeks after surgery. Synovial fluid concentrations of IL‐1ß, IL‐6, and CTX‐II were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assays, and repeated measures correlations were used to assess the relationships between pain and synovial IL‐1ß, IL‐6, or CTX‐II after ACL injury and reconstruction. Pain was positively correlated with synovial fluid IL‐6 concentrations (r = 0.52, p < 0.001); however, pain was inversely correlated with CTX‐II (r = −0.39, p = 0.002). IL‐1ß had no significant correlation with pain. Statement of clinical relevance: PTOA has been described as a “silent killer” and these results suggest that early PTOA may have pro‐inflammatory pathways that are not primarily associated with pain but still lead to progressive cartilage loss.
Peripheral sensitization is demonstrated in subacromial pain syndrome, with central sensitization found only in females
Authors: King Jacqlyn , Shapiro Matthew , Karduna Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore whether hypersensitivity in patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) manifests purely as localized peripheral sensitization or central sensitization, is influenced by the presence of subacromial pain, and presents similarly in male and female patients. Pressure pain threshold was assessed in both a patient cohort with unilateral SPS and an uninjured matched control group. Control subjects were assessed twice, with a 15 minute rest period between testing, while patients were assessed at baseline and after an almost instantaneous reduction in pain arising from an anesthetic injection in patients. Patients received a subacromial injection consisting of both anesthetics (3 cc of 2% lidocaine and 6 cc 0.5% Marcaine with Epinephrine) and a corticosteroid agent (1 cc DepoMedrol). Patients demonstrated hypersensitivity across the involved shoulder only, providing evidence for peripheral sensitization. There were trends for hypersensitivity across remote joints, however when separated by sex, only female patients demonstrated both peripheral and central sensitization. Immediate pain reduction had no influence on hypersensitivity in the short‐term. Clinical Significance: Neuropathic components are likely present in some patients with subacromial pain syndrome, and female patients may be particularly at risk for presenting with neuropathic pain. These findings are applicable towards understanding the heterogeneous etiology underlying subacromial pain syndrome and informing clinical management.
Meta‐analysis of dichotomous and ordinal tests with an imperfect gold standard
Authors: Cerullo Enzo , Jones Hayley E. , Carter Olivia , Quinn Terry J. , Cooper Nicola J. , Sutton Alex J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStandard methods for the meta‐analysis of medical tests, without assuming a gold standard, are limited to dichotomous data. Multivariate probit models are used to analyse correlated dichotomous data, and can be extended to model ordinal data. Within the context of an imperfect gold standard, they have previously been used for the analysis of dichotomous and ordinal test data from a single study, and for the meta‐analysis of dichotomous tests. However, they have not previously been used for the meta‐analysis of ordinal tests. In this article, we developed a Bayesian multivariate probit latent class model for the simultaneous meta‐analysis of ordinal and dichotomous tests without assuming a gold standard, which also allows one to obtain summary estimates of joint test accuracy. We fitted the models using the software Stan, which uses a state‐of‐the‐art Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm, and we applied the models to a dataset in which studies evaluated the accuracy of tests, and test combinations, for deep vein thrombosis. We demonstrate the issues with dichotomising ordinal test accuracy data in the presence of an imperfect gold standard, before applying and comparing several variations of our proposed model which do not require the data to be dichotomised. The models proposed will allow researchers to more appropriately meta‐analyse ordinal and dichotomous tests without a gold standard, potentially leading to less biased estimates of test accuracy. This may lead to a better understanding of which tests, and test combinations, should be used for any given medical condition.
Hybrid Mucin‐Vaterite Microspheres for Delivery of Proteolytic Enzyme Chymotrypsin
Authors: Balabushevich Nadezhda G. , Kovalenko Ekaterina A. , Filatova Lyubov Y. , Kirzhanova Ekaterina A. , Mikhalchik Elena V. , Volodkin Dmitry , Vikulina Anna S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the enteral delivery of proteolytic enzymes is widely established for combating many diseases as an alternative to antibiotic treatment, their local delivery only emerges as administration route enabling sustained release in a controlled manner on site. The latest requires the development of drug delivery systems suitable for encapsulation and preservation of enzymatic proteolytic activity. This study proposes hybrid microspheres made of mucin and biodegradable porous crystals of calcium carbonate (CC) as the carriers for chymotrypsin (CTR) delivery. CTR is impregnated into CC and hybrid CC/mucin (CCM) microspheres by means of sorption without any chemical modification. The loading of the CC with mucin enhances CTR retention on hybrid microspheres (adsorption capacity of ≈8.7 mg g−1 vs 4.7 mg g−1), recharging crystal surface due to the presence of mucin and diminishing the average pore diameter of the crystals from 25 to 8 nm. Mucin also retards recrystallization of vaterite into nonporous calcite improving stability of CCM microspheres upon storage. Proteolytic activity of CTR is preserved in both CC and CCM microspheres, being pH dependent. Temperature‐induced inactivation of CTR significantly diminishes by CTR encapsulation into CC and CCM microspheres. Altogether, these findings indicate promises of hybrid mucin‐vaterite microspheres for mucosal application of proteases.
Does renting luxury make me shine? The mediating role of perceived signals
Authors: Gong Yanping , Zhang Qin , Zhang Jifei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhether rented luxury creates symbolic meaning for consumers who cannot afford it, thus, providing them with an effective way to construct their identity, similar to owned luxury, and strengthen their willingness to rent. Drawing on implicit self‐theories, we find that compared with entity theorists, incremental theorists have lower willingness to rent luxury products (Studied 1, 2, and 3), but they do not exhibit significant differences in self‐brand connection (Studied 2 and 3). We show that incremental theorists (vs. entity theorists) perceive more authentic signal than symbolic signal regarding their inability to afford luxury goods when using rented luxury products (Study 3). Neither in ownership‐based luxury consumption (Study 4, where there is no authentic signal), nor in access‐based nonluxury consumption (Study 5, where there is no symbolic signal), consumers with different implicit beliefs no longer differentiate in buying/renting intentions. Our work suggests that not all consumers who desire unaffordable luxuries are willing to rent them. Therefore, managers should consider how to reduce the negative impacts of authentic signals on incremental theorists' renting intentions.
Identification of novel arsenic resistance genes in yeast
Authors: Isik Esin , Balkan Çiğdem , Karl Vivien , Karakaya Hüseyin Çağlar , Hua Sansan , Rauch Sebastien , Tamás Markus J. , Koc Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArsenic is a toxic metalloid that affects human health by causing numerous diseases and by being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) has been extensively utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and resistance in eukaryotes. In this study, we applied a genomic DNA overexpression strategy to identify yeast genes that provide arsenic resistance in wild‐type and arsenic‐sensitive S. cerevisiae cells. In addition to known arsenic‐related genes, our genetic screen revealed novel genes, including PHO86, VBA3, UGP1, and TUL1, whose overexpression conferred resistance. To gain insights into possible resistance mechanisms, we addressed the contribution of these genes to cell growth, intracellular arsenic, and protein aggregation during arsenate exposure. Overexpression of PHO86 resulted in higher cellular arsenic levels but no additional effect on protein aggregation, indicating that these cells efficiently protect their intracellular environment. VBA3 overexpression caused resistance despite higher intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels. Overexpression of UGP1 led to lower intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels while TUL1 overexpression had no impact on intracellular arsenic or protein aggregation levels. Thus, the identified genes appear to confer arsenic resistance through distinct mechanisms but the molecular details remain to be elucidated.
Identify Lao farmers' goals and their ranking using best–worst scaling experiment and scale‐adjusted latent class models
Authors: Jourdain Damien , Lairez Juliette , Affholder François 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to better design more sustainable farming systems, and prepare for the development of multi‐criteria farm decision model, we investigate how farmers rank their main goals when making decisions. First, we identified the main goals used by farmers through in‐depth interviews with randomly selected farmers in which we used small games to elicit the main goals they are using to make farm‐level decisions. Then, we developed a best–worst scaling (BWS) experiment, in which farmers have to declare the “most” and the least “important” goals they use when making decisions. The experiment was conducted with 120 farmers. We first derive a ranking of the goals according to the population average, which showed the importance of rice self‐sufficiency and transmission of farm capital. We then use a scale‐adjusted latent class analysis. We identified four groups of homogenous preferences among farmers. The use of differentiated scale, a measure of choice inconsistencies, suggested different levels of certainty about the ranking, and the presence of more inconsistencies when asking the least important goal. While a large group focuses only on rice self‐sufficiency, and farm transmission, we also identified a group of optimizers, and risk‐averse farmers. Farmers of each group are likely to behave differently with regard to sustainable innovations. We also showed that some socio‐economic variables describing the farms and the households influenced the probabilities for farmers to belong to one of the four classes. Overall, we showed that BWS scaling experiments provide a rich set of information about the diversity of rankings. It also provides the set of tools to evaluate the consistency and quality of respondents' choices.
Adverse Events of Physiotherapy Interventions in Parkinsonian Patients
Authors: Caniça Verónica , Bouça‐Machado Raquel , Rosa Mário Miguel , Ferreira Joaquim J. ,   CNS Physiotherapy Study Group
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysiotherapists have an ethical, professional, and regulatory responsibility for safety in all aspects of patient care. Notwithstanding, the adverse events issue has been inadequately addressed in the rehabilitation research field.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency and characterize the adverse events that occur during or in between physiotherapy sessions for parkinsonian syndromes.MethodsAn exploratory clinical study was conducted. Physiotherapists were asked to actively report the adverse events that occurred during or between sessions for parkinsonian syndromes.ResultsA total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study, which resulted in 1845 sessions. The most common adverse events reported were falls, pain/discomfort, and hypotension, with a total of 128 adverse events reported.ConclusionsDuring the physiotherapy sessions, adverse events do occur. Future research should clarify the relationship between AE occurrence and the type of intervention as well as causality and risk‐minimization strategies.
Imputed expression of schizophrenia‐associated genes and cognitive measures in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Leggio Gian Marco , Drago Filippo , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive dysfunction is a core manifestation of schizophrenia and one of the best predictors of long‐term disability. Genes increasing risk for schizophrenia may partly act through the modulation of cognition.MethodsWe imputed the expression of 130 genes recently prioritized for association with schizophrenia, using PsychENCODE variant weights and genotypes of patients with schizophrenia in CATIE. Processing speed, reasoning, verbal memory, working memory, vigilance, and a composite cognitive score were used as phenotypes. We performed linear regression models for each cognitive measure and gene expression score, adjusting for age, years of education, antipsychotic treatment, years since the first antipsychotic treatment and population principal components.ResultsWe included 425 patients and expression scores of 91 genes (others had no heritable expression; Bonferroni corrected alpha = 5.49e‐4). No gene expression score was associated with cognitive measures, though ENOX1 expression was very close to the threshold for verbal memory (p = 6e‐4) and processing speed (p = 7e‐4). Other genes were nominally associated with multiple phenotypes (MAN2A1 and PCGF3).ConclusionA better understanding of the mechanisms mediating cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia may help in the definition of disease prognosis and in the identification of new treatments, as the treatment of cognitive impairment remains an unmet therapeutic need.
Nodal solutions for the Schrödinger–Poisson system with an asymptotically cubic term
Authors: Guo Hui , Tang Ronghua , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the following Schrödinger–Poisson system

where
and
is a nonlinear term asymptotically cubic at the infinity. Taking advantage of the Miranda's theorem and deformation lemma, we combine some new analytic techniques to prove that for each positive integer
, system (0.1) admits a radial nodal solution
, which has exactly
nodal domains and the corresponding energy is strictly increasing in
. Moreover, for any sequence
as
, up to a subsequence,
converges to some
, which is a radial nodal solution with exactly
nodal domains of (0.1) for
. These results give an affirmative answer to the open problem proposed in Kim and Seok (2012) about the existence of nodal solutions with prescribed number of nodal domains for the Schrödinger–Poisson system with an asymptotically cubic term.
A new balun that can improve port isolation degree of a dual‐polarized antenna
Authors: Huang He 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the traditional dielectric microstrip balun, a new‐type coupling balun is presented in this study. The front side of this balun is composed of an open stub and two rectangular patches. One end of the rectangular patches is open‐circuited, and the other end connects with the dipole. On the back side, there are two other rectangular patches with one end grounded and the other end open‐circuited. When using such balun for feeding, one can still get a wide bandwidth, and more importantly, obtain higher port isolation. Compared with the dipole fed by the traditional balun, the maximum/average port isolation of the dipole fed by the new‐type one is increased by 10.8 dB/7.9 dB. The new‐type balun has a good application prospect in dual‐polarized antenna.
Isolation enhancement for four‐element MIMO antenna by using novel meandering technique
Authors: Wu Wen‐Jing , Cheng Yi‐Feng , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper proposes a four‐element printed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation achieved by employing a compact decoupling method. The optimal shaping (meandering) of the monopole strip is adopted to realize decoupling at the working frequency band ranging from 5.004 to 5.320 GHz. The ports isolation and are improved by using self‐meandering technology with transmission zero occurring at the frequencies of 5.004 and 5.320 GHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the isolation is also greatly increased. The decoupling technique can significantly improve the isolations between the four ports of the proposed antenna, without the extra‐added structure. A four‐element MIMO antenna with an edge‐to‐edge spacing of 0.069 ( is the wavelength at 5.162 GHz in free space) is fabricated and measured. In the experiment, the proposed MIMO antenna has a relative bandwidth (reflection coefficient of −10 dB) of 6.12% with a range from 5.004 to 5.32 GHz. In addition, this design can significantly obtain higher port isolation, antenna efficiency, gain, and a lower envelope correlation coefficient (ECC).
Flexible subspace iteration with moments for an effective contour integration‐based eigensolver
Authors: Huber Sarah , Futamura Yasunori , Galgon Martin , Imakura Akira , Lang Bruno , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContour integration schemes are a valuable tool for the solution of difficult interior eigenvalue problems. However, the solution of many large linear systems with multiple right hand sides may prove a prohibitive computational expense. The number of right hand sides, and thus, computational cost may be reduced if the projected subspace is created using multiple moments. In this work, we explore heuristics for the choice and application of moments with respect to various other important parameters in a contour integration scheme. We provide evidence for the expected performance, accuracy, and robustness of various schemes, showing that good heuristic choices can provide a scheme featuring good properties in all three of these measures.
Treatment self‐regulation questionnaire across three self‐care behaviours: An instrument validation study in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hazrati‐Meimaneh Zahra , Zamanian Hadi , Shalchi Oghli Somayyeh , Moradnejad Shima , Karkehabadi Fatemeh , Pourabbasi Ata , Amini‐Tehrani Mohammadali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe study aimed at testing the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the treatment self‐regulation questionnaire (TSRQ‐15) across healthy diet, exercise and medication‐use/glucose‐monitoring among Iranian people with type‐2 diabetes.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsContent validity was investigated by 16 experts. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed. Construct validity, convergent/discriminant validity and internal consistency were examined. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's rho correlation across different behaviours.ResultsContent validity was confirmed for Persian TSRQ‐15. A three‐factor structure was revealed, in which external regulation and introjected regulations were validated, while amotivation and autonomous failed to show discriminant validity. Internal consistency was sound, and concurrent validity was approved. The Persian version of TSRQ‐15 was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing motivation behind the practice of healthy diet, exercise and medication‐use/glucose‐monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes.