bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Tuning of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Polymorphic Semicrystalline Nanoporous Polymer for Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Buonerba Antonio , Canton Patrizia , Capacchione Carmine , Grassi Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe wide and complex tunability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on nanoporous, semicrystalline, and polymorphic polymer matrices consisting of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) or multiblock syndiotactic polystyrene‐co‐cis‐1,4 poly(butadiene) (sPSB) is herein described and correlated with the performances in aerobic oxidation of (±)‐1‐phenylethanol. Impregnation or deposition‐impregnation synthetic methods yielded AuNPs of middle size (10–20 nm) on the surface of polymer grains. The co‐precipitation method leads to small AuNPs (4–5 nm) homogenously dispersed in the support with quantitative entrapment of the gold. Thermal or solvent annealing afforded modifications of polymer crystalline phase and AuNPs morphology. The annealing with chloroform/water mixture increases the crystallinity of the nanoporous forms and converts compact γ and β phases into the nanoporous ϵ and δ phases. The thermal treatment of the AuNPs‐sPS(B) catalysts afford defective NPs with enhanced catalytic activity. The solvent‐induced formation of the nanoporous forms improves permeability to solvents and reactants and, in turn, the catalytic properties.
CFD analysis on optimizing the annular fin parameters toward an improved storage response in a triple‐tube containment system
Authors: Bahlekeh Abdullah , Mohammed Hayder I. , Al‐Azzawi Waleed Khalid , Dulaimi Anmar , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Talebizadehsardari Pouyan , Mahdi Jasim M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the low thermal conductivity of the phase change material and low thermal diffusion inside the phase change material, this study seeks to improve the melting response of a triple‐tube latent heat storage system via employing annular fins by optimizing their structural parameters, including the fin number, location, and dimensions. Natural convection effects are numerically evaluated considering different numbers and the locations of the fins, including fin numbers of 4, 10, 16, 20, and 30 in a vertical system orientation. The fins are attached to the inner and outer sides of the annulus, accommodating the phase change material between the inner and center tubes. The fins' number and location are identical on both sides of the annulus, and the volume of the fins is the same across all scenarios evaluated. The results show that the higher the number of fins used, the greater the heat communication between the fins and the phase change material layers in charge, resulting in faster melting and a higher rate of heat storage. Due to the limited natural convection effect and lower heat diffusion at the heat exchanger's bottom, an additional fin is added, and its thickness is assessed. The results show that the case with equal fin thickness, that is, both original fins and the new fin, performs the best performance compared with that for the cases with an added fin with thicknesses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm. Eliminating an extra fin from the base of the system for the case with 30 fins increases the charging time by 53.3%, and reduces the heat storage rate by 44%. The overall melting time for the case with an added fin to the bottom is 1549 s for the case with 30 fins which is 85.8%, 34.2%, 18%, and 8.8% faster than the cases with 4, 10, 16, and 20 fins, respectively. This study reveals that further attention should be given to the position and number of annular fins to optimize the melting mechanism in phase‐changing materials‐based heat storage systems.
Paleo‐denudation rates suggest variations in runoff drove aggradation during last glacial cycle, Crete, Greece
Authors: Ott Richard F. , Scherler Dirk , Wegmann Karl W. , D'Arcy Mitch K. , Pope Richard J. , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christoph , Rittenour Tammy M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFluvial aggradation and incision are often linked to Quaternary climate cycles, but it usually remains unclear whether variations in runoff or sediment supply or both drive channel response to climate variability. Here we quantify sediment supply with paleo‐denudation rates and provide geochronological constraints on aggradation and incision from the Sfakia and Elafonisi alluvial‐fan sequences in Crete, Greece. We report seven optically stimulated luminescence and ten radiocarbon ages, eight10Be and eight36Cl denudation rates from modern channel and terrace sediments. For five samples,10Be and36Cl were measured on the same sample by measuring10Be on chert and36Cl on calcite. Results indicate relatively steady denudation rates throughout the past 80 kyr, but the aggradation and incision history indicates a link with climate shifts. At the Elafonisi fan, we identify four periods of aggradation coinciding with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2, 4, 5a/b, and likely 6, and three periods of incision coinciding with MIS 1, 3, and likely 5e. At the Sfakia fan, rapid aggradation occurred during MIS 2 and 4, followed by incision during MIS 1. Nearby climate and vegetation records show that MIS 2, 4, and 6 stadials were characterized by cold and dry climates with sparse vegetation, whereas forest cover and more humid conditions prevailed during MIS 1, 3, and 5. Our data thus suggest that past changes in climate had little effect on landscape‐wide denudation rates but exerted a strong control on the aggradation–incision behaviour of alluvial channels on Crete. During glacial stages, we attribute aggradation to hillslope sediment release promoted by reduced vegetation cover and decreased runoff; conversely, incision occurred during relatively warm and wet stages due to increased runoff. In this landscape, past hydroclimate variations outcompeted changes in sediment supply as the primary driver of alluvial deposition and incision.
Data assimilation with higher order finite element interpolants
Authors: Jolly Michael S. , Pakzad Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of a nudging data assimilation algorithm using higher order finite element interpolating operators is studied. Numerical experiments are presented for the 2D Navier–Stokes equations in three cases: shear flow in an annulus, a forced flow in a disk with an off‐center cavity, and a forced flow in a box all satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions. In all three cases, second order interpolation of coarse‐grain data is shown to outperform first order interpolation. Convergence of the nudged solution to that of a direct numerical reference solution is proved. The analysis points to a trade‐off in the estimates for higher order interpolating operators
White matter microstructure shows sex differences in late childhood: Evidence from 6797 children
Authors: Lawrence Katherine E. , Abaryan Zvart , Laltoo Emily , Hernandez Leanna M. , Gandal Michael J. , McCracken James T. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSex differences in white matter microstructure have been robustly demonstrated in the adult brain using both conventional and advanced diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging approaches. However, sex differences in white matter microstructure prior to adulthood remain poorly understood; previous developmental work focused on conventional microstructure metrics and yielded mixed results. Here, we rigorously characterized sex differences in white matter microstructure among over 6000 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study who were between 9 and 10 years old. Microstructure was quantified using both the conventional model—diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)—and an advanced model, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI). DTI metrics included fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD). RSI metrics included normalized isotropic, directional, and total intracellular diffusion (N0, ND, NT). We found significant and replicable sex differences in DTI or RSI microstructure metrics in every white matter region examined across the brain. Sex differences in FA were regionally specific. Across white matter regions, boys exhibited greater MD, AD, and RD than girls, on average. Girls displayed increased N0, ND, and NT compared to boys, on average, suggesting greater cell and neurite density in girls. Together, these robust and replicable findings provide an important foundation for understanding sex differences in health and disease.
Gaps in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among insured patients with hepatitis B infection without cirrhosis in the United States
Authors: Nguyen Mindie H. , Roberts Lewis R. , Engel‐Nitz Nicole M. , Bancroft Tim , Ozbay A. Burak , Singal Amit G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Suboptimal adherence to guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance among high‐risk patients is a persistent problem with substantial detriment to patient outcomes. While patients cite cost as a barrier to surveillance receipt, the financial burden they experience due to surveillance has not been examined. We conducted a retrospective administrative claims study to assess HCC surveillance use and associated costs in a US cohort of insured patients without cirrhosis but with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, monitored in routine clinical practice. Of 6831 patients (1122 on antiviral treatment, 5709 untreated), only 39.3% and 51.3% had received any abdominal imaging after 6 and 12 months, respectively, and patients were up to date with HCC surveillance guidelines for only 28% of the follow‐up time. Completion of surveillance was substantially higher at 6 and 12 months among treated patients (51.7% and 69.6%, respectively) compared with untreated patients (36.9% and 47.6%, respectively) (p < 0.001). In adjusted models, treated patients were more likely than untreated patients to receive surveillance (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–2.01, p < 0.001), and the proportion of those up to date with surveillance was 9.7% higher (95% CI 6.26–13.07, p < 0.001). Mean total and patient‐paid daily surveillance‐related costs ranged from $99 (ultrasound) to $334 (magnetic resonance imaging), and mean annual patient costs due to lost productivity for surveillance‐related outpatient visits ranged from $93 (using the federal minimum wage) to $321 (using the Bureau of Labor Statistics wage). Conclusion: Use of current HCC surveillance strategies was low across patients with HBV infection, and surveillance was associated with substantial patient financial burden. These data highlight an urgent need for accessible and easy‐to‐implement surveillance strategies with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early HCC detection.
Kohn–Sham potentials by an inverse Kohn–Sham equation and accuracy assessment by virial theorem
Authors: Kato Tsuyoshi , Saito Shinji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the recent study, the authors have proposed an integral equation for solving the inverse Kohn–Sham problem. In the present paper, the integral equation is numerically solved for one‐dimensional model of a He atom and an H2 molecule in the electronic ground states. For this purpose, we propose an iterative solution algorithm avoiding the inversion of the kernel of the integral equation. To quantify the numerical accuracy of the calculated exchange‐correlation potentials, we evaluate the exchange and correlation energies based on the virial theorem as well as the reproduction of the exact ground‐state electronic energy. The results demonstrate that the numerical solutions of our integral equation for the inverse Kohn–Sham problem are accurate enough in reproducing the Kohn–Sham potential and in satisfying the virial theorem.
Association between the quality of plant‐based diets and risk of frailty
Authors: Sotos‐Prieto Mercedes , Struijk Ellen A. , Fung Teresa T. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Lopez‐Garcia Esther 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables have been linked to lower risk of frailty in older adults. However, not all plant‐based diets are necessarily healthful, and no previous study has evaluated the role of the quality of plant‐based dietary patterns in frailty risk. Our aim was to assess the association between plant‐based diet quality and risk of frailty.MethodsProspective cohort consisted with 82 234 women aged ≥60 years from the Nurses' Health Study, who were followed from 1990 through 2014. The dates of analysis were April 14 to June 23, 2021. Dietary data were collected every 4 years using a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The plant‐based diet quality was assessed with two indices (range 18–90 points): (a) healthful plant‐based diet index (hPDI), where healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils and tea/coffee) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets/desserts) and animal foods received reverse scores; and (b) unhealthful plant‐based diet index (uPDI) where positive scores were given to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods. Frailty incidence was assessed every 4 years, being defined as having three or more of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses and weight loss ≥5%. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe identified 12 910 incident cases of frailty over 1 176 401 person‐year follow‐up. In the multivariable analysis, the hPDI was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (hazard ratio [HR] for the highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.81; P trend <0.001). In addition, a 10‐unit increment in the hPDI was associated with a relative 15% lower risk of frailty. Conversely, a direct association was found between the uPDI and risk of frailty (HR highest vs. lowest quintile: 1.24 [1.17, 1.32], P trend <0.001). These associations were consistent for each frailty criterion, among participants with no frailty criteria at baseline, after excluding participants with diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline, for alternative versions of the plant‐based diet indices (PDIs), in subgroup analysis by categories of potential confounders, and in latency analysis.ConclusionsA healthful plant‐based diet was associated with lower risk of frailty whereas an unhealthful plant‐based diet was associated with higher risk.
Copper catalyzed co‐pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate with low and high density polyethylene for liquid fuel production
Authors: Gulab Hussain , Malik Shahi , Hussain Khadim , Haleem Muhammad Abdul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMunicipal waste contains low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in enormous amount. As these plastics are non‐biodegradable and pose serious threats to the environment, efforts have been made towards their safe disposal with energy recovery and value added chemicals by subjecting them to heat under oxygen deficient conditions. This study deals with the co‐pyrolysis of the three types of waste polymers, with special focus on the conversion of PET into liquid fuel by its interaction with the other two polymers.ResultsThe individual pyrolysis of LDPE and HDPE produced pyrolysis oil, whereas PET produced only wax. The co‐pyrolysis of the three polymers with different mixing ratios showed that PET hindered oil formation and increasing its amount more than 20 wt% in the polymer mixture resulted in wax formation. The thermal process produced 8 wt% pyrolysis oil, 32.3 wt% wax, 39.7 wt% pyro‐gases and 20 wt% coke while the catalytic process with copper catalyst produced 32.5 wt% pyrolysis oil, 3 wt% wax, 46.5 wt% pyro‐gases, and 18 wt% coke under optimum conditions.ConclusionThe thermal pyrolysis oil contained long chain paraffins as major components, while short chain isoparaffin and naphthenes were predominant in the catalytic pyrolysis oil owing to which marked differences were observed in the physicochemical properties of both oils. The fractionally distilled fractions of catalytic pyrolysis oil in gasoline, kerosene, and diesel range showed profound similarities with standard fuels in terms of fuel properties particularly the gasoline range fraction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Solution blowing spinning of polylactate/polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO nanocomposite toward green and sustainable preparation of wound dressing nanofibrous films
Authors: Snari Razan M. , Bayazeed Abrar , Ibarhiam Saham F. , Alnoman Rua B. , Attar Roba , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe outstanding biodegradability, biocompatibility, affordability, and renewability of polylactic acid have made it a prominent biomaterial. Herein, an innovative, easy, and eco‐friendly technique is used to prepare sodium polylactate (SP)‐based nanofibers. Solution blowing spinning (SBS) was used to create fibrous mats of SP and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). SBS's SP nanfibers were crosslinked using an aqueous solution of calcium chloride to produce moisture‐resistant calcium polylactate nanofibrous spun mats. Both of UV–visible absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to study the produced zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to indicate a diameter of around 15–23 nm with a high intensity absorption intensity at 370 nm. New polylactate copolymer was synthesized and characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopic techniques. In order to prepare SP/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite nanofibers, various ZnO ratios were used. The morphologies of the composite nanofibers were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity tests of the prepared mat were studied by conducting experiments with L‐929 cells at various time intervals. The prepared composite SP/PVA/ZnO nanofibers were subjected to cytotoxicity tests to determine their cytocompatibility. Results showed that those with ZnO concentrations between 0.5% and 2% were found to be less harmful than those with higher concentrations. A variety of bacterial species, including Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Klebseilla pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were used to test the antibacterial properties of SP/PVA/ZnO spun mats. The ZnO NPs integrated in the SP/PVA fibrous mats were responsible for their antibacterial properties. After finding the appropriate concentration of ZnO that is least harmful while yet giving a satisfactory antibacterial activity, this biomaterial might be perfect for wound dressing applications.Highlights
New eco‐friendly biodegradable sodium polylactate (SP) copolymer was synthesized.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with a diameter of 15–23 nm were prepared.
High antibacterial SP/PVA/ZnO fibers were prepared by solution blowing spinning.
SP/PVA/ZnO nanofibers (180–220 nm) with various ratios of ZnO were presented.
Cytotoxicity results showed that the cell viability decreases with increasing ZnO.
Current role of endoscopic ultrasound for gastrointestinal and abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Maulahela Hasan , Fauzi Achmad , Renaldi Kaka , Srisantoso Qorina P , Jasmine Amirah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA high incidence of tuberculosis (TB), especially in endemic countries, makes this infectious disease a concern. Abdominal TB contributes to 10% of extrapulmonary TB. Due to nonspecific clinical, radiological, and endoscopic findings, diagnosing abdominal TB continues to be a challenge. Hence, a precise diagnosis is needed. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is often performed due to its high resolution and ability to provide a real‐time visual representation of the gastrointestinal tract and extramural structures. EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) have helped diagnose TB as they offer an adequate specimen for cytology or histopathological examination. This method is considered safer, more effective, and more efficient. The capacity of EUS to diagnose abdominal TB based on the affected organs was examined via a literature search. We reviewed the role of EUS in diagnosing esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, peripancreatic, hepatosplenic, peritoneal, and intestinal TB. Generally, EUS aids in diagnosing abdominal TB. In some organs, it is superior to other diagnostic modalities. However, further examinations, such as cytology or histopathology and microbial, are still needed. We also studied the roles of EUS‐FNA and EUS‐FNB. EUS‐FNA has shown a high diagnostic yield in esophageal (94.3–100%), pancreatic and peripancreatic (76.2%), and intestinal TB (84.1%). As minimally invasive methods, EUS‐FNA and EUS‐FNB can successfully provide sufficient samples. EUS is a functional diagnostic modality for abdominal TB. EUS‐FNA and EUS‐FNB provide sufficient samples safely and efficiently for further cytology, histopathology, and microbial examinations.
Selinexor‐based regimens in patients with multiple myeloma after prior anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen treatment
Authors: Baljevic Muhamed , Gasparetto Cristina , Schiller Gary J. , Tuchman Sascha A. , Callander Natalie S. , Lentzsch Suzanne , Monge Jorge , Kotb Rami , Bahlis Nizar J. , White Darrell , Chen Christine I. , Sutherland Heather J. , Madan Sumit , LeBlanc Richard , Sebag Michael , Venner Christopher P. , Bensinger William I. , Biran Noa , DeCastro Andrew , Van Domelen Dane R. , Zhang Chris , Shah Jatin J. , Shacham Sharon , Kauffman Michael G. , Bentur Ohad S. , Lipe Brea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of consensus on therapy sequencing in previously treated multiple myeloma, particularly after anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) therapy. Earlier reports on selinexor (X) regimens demonstrated considerable efficacy in early treatment, and after anti‐BCMA‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy. Here, we present data from 11 heavily pretreated patients who predominantly received BCMA‐antibody‐drug conjugate therapy. We observe that X‐containing regimens are potent and achieve durable responses with numerically higher overall response and clinical benefit rates, as well as median progression free survival compared to patients’ prior anti‐BCMA therapies, despite being used later in the treatment course. In an area of evolving unmet need, these data reaffirm the efficacy of X‐based regimens following broader anti‐BCMA therapy.
Clinical evaluation of an automated, rapid mariPOC antigen test in screening of symptomatics and asymptomatics for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Gunell Marianne , Rantasärkkä Kaisa , Arjonen Rita , Sandén Antti , Vuorinen Tytti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel automated mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test was evaluated in a Health Care Center Laboratory among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals seeking SARS‐CoV‐2 testing. According to the national testing strategy, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used as a reference method. A total of 962 subjects were included in this study, 4.8% (46/962) of their samples were SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR‐positive, and 87% (40/46) of these were from symptomatics. Among the symptomatics, the overall sensitivity of the mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 test was 82.5% (33/40), though the sensitivity increased to 97.1% (33/34) in samples with a Ct < 30. The mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 test detected two of six PCR‐positive samples among the asymptomatics, four cases that remained antigen test negative had Ct values between 28 and 36. The specificity of the mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 test was 100% (916/916). The evaluation showed that the mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid antigen test is very sensitive and specific for the detection of individuals who most probably are contagious.