bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peach, Evaluation of Insecticides on Green Peach Aphid, 1981
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental and standard materials were applied on Apr 8 on mature Glohaven peaches. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min (32.49 liters/min) hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi (21.09 kg/cm2). Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated four times. Buds were in the late pink stage of development at the time treatments were applied. Treatment effects were evaluated on Apr 30 by counting the number of aphid colonies per tree. Treatments were reapplied on May 4 and two additional treatments were added. Evaluations on May 12 were made by counting the numbers of colonies per tree and by checking each colony for live aphids thus evaluating the effectiveness of the second application on existing aphid colonies. In addition to the insecticides being evaluated, other spray materials used include carbamate (Fermate), azinphosmethyl (Guthion) and captan.
Peach, Evaluation of Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at Cream Ridge, NJ in a 6-year-old orchard, variety Red Haven. Single-tree plots, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design were sprayed to runoff (ca 2 gals/tree; 100 trees/Acre) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 225 psi. Temik and Furadan were applied as granules to the soil surface and ranked in on Apr 24, 1981 (late bloom). The spray treatments were applied on Apr 28 (petal fall), May 18 (shuck-off), Jun 11 and Jul 7 and 22. The crop was very light on most trees due to cold damage during bloom. Cat-facing damage was measured by examining up to 50 fruit per tree in 4 replicates on Jun 10. Green peach aphid and oriental fruit moth damage was estimated by examining the entire tree for aphid colonies or oriental fruit moth infested terminals. European red mite populations were estimated by collecting 15 or 25 leaves from each tree, brushing the mites onto glass plates, and counting the mites with the aid of a binocular microscope. Appropriate transformations were made for each data set prior to analysis of variance.
Control of Leafhopper on Concord Grapes, 1981
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Danko Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard infested with Erythroneura comes (Say). Plots were 6 vines long and 2 rows wide, replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied on May 21 using a Soil Serve granular applicator equipped with one drop tube positioned to discharge behind a single cultivator tooth one foot from the trellis row. Each side of the trellis was treated. Furrows were covered immediately following application. Soil type was a Wellington silt loam. Precipitation totalling 0.83 in occurred during the week following application; precipitation in Jun was normal (3.52 in) but was 2 in above normal in Jul (5.94 in), Aug (5.72 in), and Sep (4.29 in). Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected randomly per plot and by recording the percent of leaves injured per plot based on a 50-leaf sample.
Omnivorous Looper Control on Avocados, Apr 1980
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two selective insecticides were tested for control of early instar omnivorous looper (OL) larvae on 6-yr-old avocado trees (18 ft x 22 ft spacing) located in Ventura County, CA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 6 single-tree replicates. On Apr 3, applications were made by hand-gjn with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (4 gal/tree - 400 gal/acre). These concentrations are equivalent to those made by helicopters. At least one unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Treatments were evaluated on Apr 14 by examining 10, 8-inch-long branch terminals with at least one 6 inch lateral branc per tree. Terminals were randomly selected from the outer perimeter of the tree at a height of 2-6 ft above ground. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Grapefruit, Citrus Rust Mite (Crm) Control, 1981
Authors: Childers C. C. , Sorrell R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single tree plots replicated 5 times. An unsprayed buffer tree separated trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 250 psi, ca 4 gal/tree, using a John Bean sprayer on Jun 1. Water pH was 5.8. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (Crm), 1981
Authors: Childers C. C. , Sorreli R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 5 times in each of 3 tests. An unsprayed buffer trees separated trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilue with a hand-gun at 250 psi, ca 9 gal/tree (Test 1); 300 psi, ca 3.5 gal/tree (Test 2); and 550 psi, ca 8 gal/tree (Test 3) using a truck-mounted sprayer on Jul 2, 7, and 24, respectively. Water pH was 7.9 (Test 1), 5.3 (Test 2), and 8.1 (Test 3J. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1980
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature ‘Schley’ pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, LA. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made May 29 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving about 35 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on Jun 2 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm and Cabbage Looper, 1981
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Market Prize’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 4 in Sunderland, MA. Ammonium nitrate at 130 lb/acre was applied on May 3. Treflan (6E) at 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied and disced the soil on May 1 for weed control. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 7.0. There were two 20 ft rows per treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3 ft row spacing, applications were made with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer in 40 gal water/acre.
Carrot Weevil Control in Carrots, 1979
Authors: Grafius E. , Collins R. , Love A. P. , May T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carrots were planted on May 7. Plots were arranged In a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Replications 1-3 were in the bed nearest the windbreak (source of infestation) and replictlons 4-5 were in the second bed. Each plot consisted of one 7-row bed by 30 ft long. Plots were sprayed on Jun 13, 20, 27; Jul 11, 18, 25; Aug 1, 8, 15, 27; Sep 17, with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 20 gpa (early in season) or 40 gpa (beginning Jul 11). A 10 ft section from the middle row of each plot was harvested on Sep 24, damaged and undamaged carrots from each plot were counted am weighed.
Control of Lygus Bugs on Carrot Seed Crops with Temik, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Lydin L. V. , Butt B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Chantenay Red Core’ carrots grown for seed in Ephrata sandy loam (Xerollic Camborthids) soil near Quincy, WA, were sidedressed with Temik at the time of bolting. The granules were injected 3 inches into the soil 5 inches from the plant row on May 22. The plots were rill irrigated within 1 week of the application. Each of the 3 replications in the randomized complete block design consisted of a plot 12 rows wide by 50 ft long. The rows were 22-and the plants 6-12 inches apart. Efficacy was determined by counting the number of lygus in 10-sweep samples/plot at weekly intervals from Jun 1 through Aug 14. Phytotoxicity was determined by counting the number of plants in 8, 5-ft row sections in each plot at harvest on Aug 2. The weight and percentage germination of seed samples from these same sections was also recorded. Seeds were germinated on moist filter paper in petri dishes in a controlled environment.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Vates’ col lards were direct seeded in 3-row plots 37.5 ft long on Jul 2. Plants were spaced 6-8 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by a guard row. the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom build row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on Aug 18, and 25; Sept 1 and 8. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3$ damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length in Jun 8. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50$ silk (Jul 28) and 3 days later (Jul 31). Plots were harvested aug 13 and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Apple, Insect Control, 1981
Authors: Fisher G. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were applied in 1X dilution at 250 psi so that foliage and fruit were treated to run-off. All treatments of insecticide were made on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately 7-10 day interval between cover sprays. Mature standard Delicious, Mcintosh, and Cortland trees were randomized and replicated four times in a 50-tree block. Application dates were: May 1 (Pre-pink); May 7 (Pink); May 15 (Pink Extended); May 25 (Full Bloom); Jun 10, 20, Jul 4, 16, 31, Aug 4, (First cover - sixth cover). Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring (Sep 14). Disease control was accomplished by applying Captan 50W (2 lb/100) or Polyram (1 lb/100) or Benomyl (1/2 lb/100) with each insecticide application and as a bloom spray. Due to an unusually warm (pre-bloom) period the general phenology of the trees was far advanced over past seasons. This warmer temperature may have been responsible for the large populations of lesser appleworm. Conversely, low populations of tarnished plant bug and apple maggot rendered reliable efficacy questionable.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control in Eggplant, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Special Hibush’ eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on Jun 9. Single row plots were 12 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied in a 6 inch band in the transplant furrow; foliar treatment were applied with a tractoi-mounted spray boom with one nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. sprays were applied Jun 19 and 25; Jul 3, 9, 15, 21 and 25; Aug 3, 10 and 17.
Insect Control on Green Peppers, 1981
Authors: Corredor Dario , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peppers were transplanted Jun 1 at the University of Massachusetts Research Farm, Sunderland, MA. Plots consisted of 18 ft long beds with 2 rows/bed and 2 ft between plants within rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The insecticides were applied Jul 24, 28, and Aug 6, at 75 gal water/acre and 55 psi, using a 3 gal stainless steel sprayer. Five leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot were sampled for green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae on Aug 11. European corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial size peppers from each plot on Aug 20 and examining them for injury.
Apple; Mite Control, 1983
Authors: Brunner J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experimental chemicals, dicofol, and water were applied to apples on M-26 root stock for control of the twospotted spider mite. Chemicals were compared with each other and with water (check) to determine their effectiveness 1 day and 1 week after treatment. There were 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Each replicate consisted of three rows with four trees in each row. Two blocks with eight replicates in each block were adjacent to each other, separated by a buffer row of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. All treatments were applied with a tractor mounted Kinkelder Model P-100 air-blast sprayer at 48 gal/acre on 12 July. Mites were counted one day before treatment (11 July), and one day (13 July) and one week (19 July) after treatment. Ten leaves were removed from each of four trees per replicate for each evaluation. Mites were removed from leaves with a Burney mite-brushing machine, placed on a circular glass grid plate, and counted under a dissecting scope. Pretreatment mite counts were used as a standard to determine the percentage of mortality in each plot 1 and 7 days after treatment.
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Control, 1983
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied at various times to 16-year-old trees. Each treatment consisted of four replications of three-tree plots in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied at 200 lbs/in2 until the liquid ran off, with a Hudson hydraulic sprayer equippd with a handgun. Treatment effectiveness was determined on 2 June by counting STLM mines per tree located within 1.8 m of the ground.
Insect Control in Late Snap Beans, 1983
Authors: Klosermeyer L. E. , Mullins C. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville, Tenn. in 38-in. rows on 11 July. Plots were four rows by 20 ft with one untreated row between plots. Treatments, applied 16 Aug. were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a 2-gal compressed air hand sprayer at 50 gal/acre when pin beans were present. Dusts were applied by the cheesecloth shaker method. Rainfall was 0.2-inch within 18 h after treatment with a total of 1.22-in for the 14-day period after treatment. One treated row per plot was sampled by taking five sweeps along the row with a 15-in diameter insect net. A different row was sampled on each date to minimize plant damage. Diathane 80W at 1.6 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 4, 11, 17, and 24 Aug. to all plots for bean rust control. There were 6.2 leafhoppers (LH), 0.8 Mexican bean beetle adults (MBB), and 0.2 green cloverworms (GCW) per five sweeps before treatment. The middle two rows were machine harvested on 30 Aug. A subsample (ca. 2 lb) of beans was rated for damaged pods.
Seed Maggot Control, 1983
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single-row treatments 36 in apart, 15 ft long, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Hand-pushed cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds in each row and to distribute granules of insecticide. Over-furrow granular treatments were applied with a hand-pushed Gandy applicator as a 4- to 7-in band before planting. Those treatments designated as incorporation treatments had the over-furrow bands of insecticide lightly incorporated with a hand rake prior to planting. After planting, a 2- to 4-in band of meat and bone meal was placed over the row by hand to increase oviposition in the vicinity of the seeds. Bean, corn, and squash seeds were treated on 16, 20, and 20 June, respectively. Each crop was planted in a separate plot on 1 July. Damage counts were made on 12 July (beans), 13 July (corn), and 12 July (squash). For squash and beans, emerged seedlings in each row were counted, damaged individuals recorded, and an average percentage of damage was calculated. Efficacy counts were made on corn by digging up 25 seeds per row, examining them for injury, and calculating an average percentage of damage. Seed maggot populations were very low and the fly peak was several weeks late compared to previous years’ flights. The soil was very dry at planting and remained so throughout the test, probably inhibiting maggot establishment.
Control of Caterpillars on Broccoli, 1983
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , North R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli was transplanted 1 July at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, N.Y. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-in. centers with 14-in. plant spacing. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom, having three nozzles per row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 lb/in., was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Applications were made on 30 Sept. and evaluated on 7 Oct. Evaluations were made by examining in situ three random plants per plot.
Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, Spring 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted 25 Feb. into Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent., Sanford. Plots consisted of two 25-ft rows with 30-in. row spacing and 12-in. plant spacing and were separated by one unplanted row. Nemacur 15G 2 lbs (All/acre was applied pretransplant in a 15-in. band for nematode control. A parathion drench was applied 3 Mar. to control a severe infestation of cutworms. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 20-ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; one overhead (D5-25) and one drop (D3-25) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Granules were applied as a 10-in. band over-the-top using a calibrated hand-held granular applicator. Baits were applied over-the-top in premeasured amounts using a shaker can. Sprays were applied 2, 8, 16, 22, and 29 Apr. and 6, 13, and 20 May. Baits and granules were applied 13 Apr. and 8 May. Caterpillar counts were taken on 4 May by carefully cutting one head from the middle of each row and beating it over a shake cloth until the caterpillars quit dropping. Five heads were rated for damage in each row on 28 May using a scale of 1 to 6 (as in Greene et al. 1969. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:798-800). The percentage of heads that were marketable was based on the frequency of heads with damage ratings of 3 or less.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1983
Authors: Robbins P.S. , Hessney M.L. , Eckenrode C.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated 22 Jun. at our vegetable crops research farm near Geneva, N.Y. in a lima silt loam soil. Seeds (planted at 10 per ft) and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made 14 July. The crop was then thinned to approximately one plant every 18 in. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft long, replicated four times in randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 36-in. row width. In-furrow liquid applications were made with a gravity system mounted on a cone seeder delivering 50 gal/acre. Incorporated treatments were applied at 75 gal/acre using a CO2 powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder. The 4-in. wide band of spray was then planted through, resulting in a slight mixing of the insecticide into the seed-furrow. Drench treatments timed for the third fly peak were applied on 15 and 19 Aug., using a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 93 gal/acre through two nozzles per row directed to the bases of the plants. Injury ratings were made 29 Sept. by pulling 10 roots per plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Control of Caterpillars and Cabbage Aphids by Mobay Products, 1983
Authors: Shelton A.M. , Wilsney W.T. , North R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted 3 0 June at the Veg. Res. Farm, near Geneva, N.Y. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-in centers with plants spaced at 16 in. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block dsign. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, with three nozzles per row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 lb/in2, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Applications were made 30 Sept. with evaluations on 7 Oct. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting three plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above-mentioned Lepidopteran larvae and apterous and alate aphids.
Control of Cabbage Looper on Collards, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Vates’ collards were direct seeded in three-row plots 35 ft long on 15 July. Plants were spaced 6 to 8 in. apart in the row and 36 in. between rows. Each two-row plot was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by three drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2 Treatments were applied on 17, 24, and 31 Aug. and 7 Sept. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1, 0 to 3% damage (odd holes on leaves); 2, 4 to 10% damage (few leaves with holes); 3, 11-25% damage (moderate number of leaves with holes); 4, 26 to 50% damage (most leaves with holes); and 5, 51 to 100 % damage (crown damage and all leaves with holes).
Apple, Miticide Evaluations, 1983
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 7 June to mature semidwarf trees. Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design replicated four times. Trees were sprayed to runoff with a handgun, using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 lb/in2. Mites were counted by randomly selecting 200 leaves per replicate and counting all motile forms with aid of a hand lens.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control in Lettuce, 1982
Authors: Toscano N. C. , Kido K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for the control of cabbage looper and beet armyworm on iceberg lettuce ‘Empire’ in Imperial Valley, Calif. The plots were two beds (40-in double planting) 50 ft long with four replicates in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied using a hand sprayer equipped with a CO2 cylinder fitted with 4 nozzles (#8004) per bed operated at 60 gals/acre and 30 lb/in2 . Treatments were made on 28 Oct. and 18 Nov. for all plots and an additional one for the virus on 11 Nov.