bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐Vision‐Based Approach to Classify and Quantify Flaws in Li‐Ion Electrodes
Authors: Daemi Sohrab R. , Tan Chun , Tranter Thomas G. , Heenan Thomas M. M. , Wade Aaron , Salinas‐Farran Luis , Llewellyn Alice V. , Lu Xuekun , Matruglio Alessia , Brett Daniel J.L. , Jervis Rhodri , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) is a non‐destructive characterization technique that in recent years has been adopted to study the microstructure of battery electrodes. However, the often manual and laborious data analysis process hinders the extraction of useful metrics that can ultimately inform the mechanisms behind cycle life degradation. This work presents a novel approach that combines two convolutional neural networks to first locate and segment each particle in a nano‐CT LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) electrode dataset, and successively classifies each particle according to the presence of flaws or cracks within its internal structure. Metrics extracted from the computer vision segmentation are validated with respect to traditional threshold‐based segmentation, confirming that flawed particles are correctly identified as single entities. Successively, slices from each particle are analyzed by a pre‐trained classifier to detect the presence of flaws or cracks. The models are used to quantify microstructural evolution in uncycled and cycled NMC811 electrodes, as well as the number of flawed particles in a NMC622 electrode. As a proof‐of‐concept, a 3‐phase segmentation is also presented, whereby each individual flaw is segmented as a separate pixel label. It is anticipated that this analysis pipeline will be widely used in the field of battery research and beyond.
Energy dissipation and damage on the interface of steel and steel fiber‐reinforced concrete composite column
Authors: Wu Kai , Qian Shiyuan , Zheng Huiming , Zhou Yukai , Zhu Ruizhe 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTo address the problems faced with steel‐reinforced concrete (SRC) in construction, such as positional conflicts between steel and steel bars or difficulty in pouring concrete, a novel “Steel and Steel Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete” (SSFRC) composite structure was proposed. Push‐out tests of 34 SSFRC composite columns were carried out in this paper to study the interfacial bond performance from the perspective of energy dissipation. Based on loading‐displacement (P‐D) curves, the interfacial energy dissipation (Wb) and energy dissipation factor (λ) were introduced, and the influence of embedded length (Le), steel fiber volume rate (ρsf), thickness of concrete cover (Css), and section type on Wb and λ were analyzed. Test results indicated that circular column is better than square column in terms of Wb and λ. The increase of Le, Css, or ρsf is beneficial to the improvement of Wb, and λ is positively correlated with ρsf and Css but negatively correlated with Le. Additionally, the interfacial damage (Da) was defined by the relationship between elastic deformation energy (Wa) and Wb. It can be concluded that the ascent of Le and Css can effectively delay the appearance of Da and inhibit the development of Da, respectively, and Da develops slowly with the increase of ρsf at the later loading stage.
Water‐Soluble Pd‐Imidate Complexes as Versatile Catalysts for the Modification of Unprotected Halonucleosides
Authors: Serrano José Luis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModification of unprotected nucleosides has been attracting continuous interest, since these building blocks themselves and their phosphate‐upgraded corresponding nucleotides have shown a plethora of uses in fields like biochemistry or pharmacy. Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, conducted in water or its mixtures with polar organic solvents, have frequently been the researchers' choice for the functionalization of the purine/pyrimidine base of the unprotected nucleosides. In this scenario, the availability of hydrophilic ligands and its water‐soluble palladium complexes has markedly set the pace of the advances. The approach of our group to the synthesis of such complexes, Pd‐imidates specifically, has faced critical stages, namely the jump to synthesize water soluble complexes from our experience working in conventional solvents, the preparation of phosphine free complexes and the overall goal of getting catalytic systems able to work close to room temperature. The continuous feedback with Kapdi's group, experienced in the chemistry of nucleosides, has produced over the last decade the interesting results in both fields presented here.
Successful treatment with topical imiquimod 5% of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a rabbit
Authors: Boncea Ana Maria , Cristian Stroe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is uncommon in domestic rabbits. The success rate of aggressive surgical resection is around 50% of surveyed cases. Herein, we present a case of pinna squamous cell carcinoma in a rabbit, successfully treated topically with imiquimod 5% cream.
The Correlations of the Helmert Transformation Parameters as an Additional Auxiliary Diagnostic Tool for Terrestrial Reference Frames Quality Assessment
Authors: Ampatzidis D. , Thaller D. , Wang L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we estimate the correlations of the Helmert transformation’s parameters for various Terrestrial Reference Frame realizations (TRFs). The correlations can be served as an auxiliary diagnostic tool on assessing the quality of the Helmert transformation parameters (origin, scale, orientation and associated rates, respectively). Possible high correlations between the pair of parameters are signs of strong dependency of each other, hence their estimation can lead to misinterpretations. We compute the Helmert correlation coefficients of global TRFs for the following cases: (a) the SLR and VLBI intra-technique combinations contributing to the DTRF2014 construction and the associated SLR and VLBI inter-technique combinations and (b) the DORIS-related TRFs computed by the International DORIS Service (IDS) and the ITRF2014 (International TRF 2014). The results verify the good quality of DTRF2014 (DGFI-TUM TRF 2014) in terms of the Helmert parameters quality, for both SLR- and VLBI-related TRFs. For the case of the DORIS solutions, we find that the correlations are severely increased for the solution that includes 5 more years of observations than the ITRF2014 one.
ODDE and Debts
Authors: Hülsmann Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent monetary policies of quantitative easing have produced a cognitive dissonance with the previous “there is no money” mantra and invite us to revisit our understanding of the costs and economics of distance education (DE). It turns out that study of the costs of DE was narrowly rooted in neoclassical microeconomics. Consequently, DE has focused on driving down costs and devolving costs to the students, thereby contributing to increasing student debt. The chapter summarizes the efficiency gains of traditional DE and their changes due to the emerging affordances of information and communication technologies (ICT). The chapter also notes changes in the “macroeconomic weather conditions,” which have led to regarding education less as means to raise productivity than as a center for profit itself. As a consequence, cost efficiency gains have often not been handed to the learner, leading to rises in tuition fees and, consequently, student debt.The second half of the chapter introduces modern money theory (MMT), a different economic paradigm, which suggests that monetary sovereign countries have enough policy space not to focus narrowly on driving down costs. It notably suggests that devolving costs to students turns out, from the MMT perspective, to be misguided. It identifies a policy space which can be used to build in additional resilience, especially required in times of crises.
Microstructure in matrix elements
Authors: Blommaert Andreas , Usatyuk Mykhaylo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the simple model of Pennington, Shenker, Stanford and Yang for modeling the density matrix of Hawking radiation, but further include dynamics for EOW branes behind the horizon. This allows interactions that scatter one interior state to another, and also allows EOW loops. At strong coupling, we find that EOW states are no longer random; the ensemble has collapsed, and coupling constants encode the microscopic matrix elements of Hawking radiation. This suggests strong interior dynamics are important for understanding evaporating black holes, without any ensemble average. In this concrete model the density matrix of the radiation deviates from the thermal state, small off-diagonal fluctuations encode equivalences between naively orthogonal states, and bound the entropy from above. For almost evaporated black holes the off-diagonal terms become as large as the diagonal ones, eventually giving a pure state. We also find the unique analytic formula for all Renyi entropies.
The Neumann problem for one-dimensional parabolic equations with linear growth Lagrangian: evolution of singularities
Authors: Moll Salvador , Smarrazzo Flavia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the inhomogenous Neumann initial-boundary problem for a parabolic PDE which arises as a generalization of the time-dependent minimal surface equation. Existence and regularity in time of the solution are proved by means of a suitable pseudoparabolic relaxed approximation of the equation and the corresponding passage to the limit. Our main result is monotonicity in time of the positive and negative singular parts of the distributional space derivative for bounded variation initial data. Sufficient conditions for instantaneous$$L^1$$L1-$$W^{1,1}_{{\mathrm{loc}}}$$Wloc1,1orBV-$$W^{1,1}_{{\mathrm{loc}}}$$Wloc1,1regularizing effects are also discussed.
Long-term opioid use following bicycle trauma: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Zibung Evelyne , von Oelreich Erik , Eriksson Jesper , Buchli Christian , Nordenvall Caroline , Oldner Anders 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic opioid use is a significant public health burden. Orthopaedic trauma is one of the main indications for opioid prescription. We aimed to assess the risk for long-term opioid use in a healthy patient cohort.

Methods
In this matched cohort study, bicycle trauma patients from a Swedish Level-I-Trauma Centre in 2006–2015 were matched with comparators on age, sex, and municipality. Information about dispensed opioids 6 months prior until 18 months following the trauma, data on injuries, comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors were received from national registers. Among bicycle trauma patients, the associations between two exposures (educational level and injury to the lower extremities) and the risk of long-term opioid use (> 3 months after the trauma) were assessed in multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Of 907 bicycle trauma patients, 419 (46%) received opioid prescriptions, whereof 74 (8%) became long-term users. In the first quarter after trauma, the mean opioid use was significantly higher in the trauma patients than in the comparators (253.2 mg vs 35.1 mg, p < 0.001) and fell thereafter to the same level as in the comparators. Severe injury to the lower extremities was associated with an increased risk of long-term opioid use [OR 4.88 (95% CI 2.34–10.15)], whereas high educational level had a protecting effect [OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.20–0.88)].

Conclusion
The risk of long-term opioid use after a bicycle trauma was low. However, opioids should be prescribed with caution, especially in those with injury to lower extremities or low educational level.
Complex network analysis of volatility spillovers between global financial indicators and G20 stock markets
Authors: Korkusuz Burak , McMillan David G. , Kambouroudis Dimos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the dynamic transmission mechanism of volatility spillovers between key global financial indicators and G20 stock markets. To examine volatility spillover relations, we combine a bivariate GARCH-BEKK model with complex network theory. Specifically, we construct a volatility network of international financial markets utilising the spatial connectedness of spillovers (consisting of nodes and edges). The findings show that spillover relations between global variables and G20 markets vary significantly across five identified sub-periods. Notably, networks are much denser in crisis periods compared to non-crisis periods. In comparing two crisis periods, Global Financial Crisis (2008) and COVID-19 Crisis (2020) periods, the network statistics suggest that volatility spillovers in the latter period are more transitive and intense than the former. This suggests that financial volatility spreads more rapidly and directly through key financial indicators to the G20 stock markets. For example, oil and bonds are the largest volatility senders, while the markets of Saudi Arabia, Russia, South Africa, and Brazil are the main volatility receivers. In the former crisis, the source of financial volatility concentrates primarily in the USA, Australia, Canada, and Saudi Arabia, which are the largest volatility senders and receivers. China emerges as generally the least sensitive market to external volatility.
Physicians’ perspectives on using a patient decision aid in female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Gerritse Maria B. E. , Smeets Carlijn F. A. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. , Lagro-Janssen Antoine L. M. , van der Vaart C. Huub , de Vries Marieke , Kluivers Kirsten B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisA treatment choice for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is preference sensitive for both patients and physicians. Multiple treatment options are available, with none being superior to any other. The decision-making process can be supported by a patient decision aid (PDA). We aimed to assess physicians’ perceptions concerning the use of a PDA.MethodsIn a mixed methods study, urologists, gynecologists and general practitioners in the Netherlands were asked to fill out a web-based questionnaire. Questions were based on the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases checklist using the following domains: guideline factors, individual health professional factors, professional interactions, incentives and resources, and capacity for organizational change. Participants were asked to grade statements using a five-point Likert scale and to answer open questions on facilitators of and barriers to implementation of a PDA. Outcomes of statement rating were quantitatively analyzed and thematic analysis was performed on the outcomes regarding facilitators and barriers.ResultsThe response rate was 11%, with a total of 120 participants completing the questionnaire. Ninety-two of the physicians (77%) would use a PDA in female SUI. Evidence-based and unbiased content, the ability to support shared decision making, and patient empowerment are identified as main facilitators. Barriers are the expected prolonged time investment and the possible difficulty using the PDA in less health-literate patient populations.ConclusionsThe majority of physicians would use a PDA for female SUI. We identified facilitators and barriers that can be used when developing and implementing such a PDA.
On the little Weyl group of a real spherical space
Authors: Kuit Job J. , Sayag Eitan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present paper we further the study of the compression cone of a real spherical homogeneous space $$Z=G/H$$

Z
=
G
/
H

. In particular we provide a geometric construction of the little Weyl group of Z introduced recently by Knop and Krötz. Our technique is based on a fine analysis of limits of conjugates of the subalgebra $$\mathrm{Lie}(H)$$

Lie
(
H
)

along one-parameter subgroups in the Grassmannian of subspaces of $$\mathrm{Lie}(G)$$

Lie
(
G
)

. The little Weyl group is obtained as a finite reflection group generated by the reflections in the walls of the compression cone.
Carvedilol ameliorates dexamethasone-induced myocardial injury in rats independent of its action on the α1-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Mohamed Rasha M. S. M. , Ahmad Enssaf Ahmad , Omran Bothina H. F. , Sakr Amr T. , Ibrahim Islam A. A. E.-H. , Mahmoud Mona F. , El-Naggar Mostafa E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic effect of dexamethasone-high-dose in rats, the therapeutic effect of carvedilol and the role of α1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR). The experiment involved 6 groups: control, dexamethasone (10 mg/kg), carvedilol (10 mg/kg), phenylephrine (1 mg/kg), phenylephrine plus carvedilol and propranolol (30 mg/kg). Drugs and vehicles were given for 7 days. Dexamethasone was given with the drugs in the last 4 groups. On the 8th-day and after overnight fasting, serum and cardiac samples were collected. Serum levels of cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase–myoglobin as well as cardiac levels of diacylglycerol, malondialdehyde, kinase activity of Akt, transforming growth factor-β, Smad3 and alpha smooth muscle actin were measured. Cardiac samples were also used for histopathological examination using hematoxylin–eosin and Sirius red stains, in addition to immunohistochemical examination using β-arrestin2 antibody. Dexamethasone induced cardiac injury via increasing oxidative stress, apoptosis and profibrotic signals. Carvedilol significantly reduced the dexamethasone-induced cardiotoxicity. Using phenylephrine, a competitive α1-agonist, with carvedilol potentiated the cardioprotective actions of carvedilol. Propranolol, a β-blocker without activity on α1ARs, showed higher cardiac protection than carvedilol. Dexamethasone-high-dose upregulates cardiac oxidative stress, apoptotic and profibrotic signals and induces cardiac injury. Blocking the α1-adrenergic receptor by carvedilol attenuates its cardioprotective effects against dexamethasone-induced cardiotoxicity.
Origin of Sex-Biased Mental Disorders: Do Males and Females Experience Different Selective Regimes?
Authors: Brown C. Michelle , Wong Queenie , Thakur Aditi , Singh Karun , Singh Rama S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe origins of sex-biased differences in disease and health are of growing interest to both medical researchers and health professionals. Several major factors have been identified that affect sex differences in incidence of diseases and mental disorders. These are: sex chromosomes, sex hormones and female immunity, sexual selection and antagonistic evolution, and differential susceptibility of sexes to environmental factors. These factors work on different time scales and are not exclusive of each other. Recently, a combined Sexual Selection-Sex Hormones (SS-SH) Theory was presented as an evolutionary mechanism to explain sex-biased differences in diseases and mental disorders (Singh in J Mol Evol 89:195–213, 2021). In that paper disease prevalence trends were investigated, and non-sex-specific diseases were hypothesized to be more common in males than in females in general. They showed signs of exceptions to this trend with inflammatory diseases and stress-related mental disorders that were more common in females. We believe that the SS-SH theory requires the consideration of psycho-social stress (PSS) to explain the predominance of female-biased mental disorders and some other exceptions in their findings. Here we present a theory of sex-differential experience of PSS and provide quantitative support for the combined SS-SH-PSS Theory using age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) recording the levels of male- and female-bias in data obtained from different countries. The grand theory provides an evolutionary framework for explaining patterns of sex-biased trends in the prevalence of disease and health. Further exploration of women’s vulnerability to social factors may help to facilitate new treatments for female-biased diseases.
Effects of Ag doping on LaMnO3 photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Afify Mohamed S. , Faham Mohamed M. El , Eldemerdash Usama , El-Dek S. I. , Rouby Waleed M. A. El 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a redox material, perovskite is considered one of the most efficient photovoltaic materials for producing hydrogen via water splitting reactions. This study used a wet chemical method to synthesize La1−xAgxMnO3 nanoparticles (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.09). The formation, chemical composition, and morphology of samples were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The optical properties were examined by ultraviolet visible (UV) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. XRD demonstrated that the samples had a rhombohedral hexagonal structure with a space group R $$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c. The pore volume, pore size, and surface area were calculated and examined. The prepared samples were used as a photoanode in alkaline media for water splitting, and the photocurrent was measured. The photocurrent density recorded (14.01, 12.02, 11.67, and 10.28 μA/cm2) for x = (0.09, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.00) at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. The smaller impedance of the sample (x = 0.09) photoanodes than the sample (x = 0.00), which displayed a considerable decrease in charge transfer resistance. The electron lifetime (τ) increased with increasing Ag concentration, where x = 0.09 has the largest electron lifetime (τ) = 10.04 ms. Therefore, the electron–hole recombination rate of La0.91Ag0.09MnO3 is lower than LaMnO3. The samples demonstrated long-term stability for 1 h and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.
Definition and reporting of lymphadenectomy and complete mesocolic excision for radical right colectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Sica Giuseppe S. , Vinci Danilo , Siragusa Leandro , Sensi Bruno , Guida Andrea M. , Bellato Vittoria , García-Granero Álvaro , Pellino Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Several procedures have been proposed to reduce the rates of recurrence in patients with right-sided colon cancer. Different procedures for a radical right colectomy (RRC), including extended D3 lymphadenectomy, complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation have been associated with survival benefits by some authors, but results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the variability in definition and reporting of RRC, which might be responsible for significant differences in outcome evaluation.

Methods
PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review to identify the definitions of RRC. Primary aims were to identify surgical steps and different nomenclature for RRC. Secondary aims were description of heterogeneity and overlap among different RRC techniques.

Results
Ninety-nine articles satisfied inclusion criteria. Eight surgical steps were identified and recorded as specific to RRC: Central arterial ligation was described in 100% of the included studies; preservation of mesocolic integrity in 73% and dissection along the SMV plane in 67%. Other surgical steps were inconstantly reported. Six differently named techniques for RRC have been identified. There were 35 definitions for the 6 techniques and 40% of these were used to identify more than one technique.

Conclusions
The only universally adopted surgical step for RRC is central arterial ligation. There is great heterogeneity and consistent overlap among definitions of all RRC techniques.
This is likely to jeopardise the interpretation of the outcomes of studies on the topic. Consistent use of definitions and reporting of procedures are needed to obtain reliable conclusions in future trials. PROSPERO CRD42021241650.