bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter‐hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
Authors: Molina‐Morales Mercedes , Leverkus Alexandro B. , Albaladejo‐Robles Gonzalo , Martínez‐Baroja Loreto , Pérez‐Camacho Lorenzo , Villar‐Salvador Pedro , Rebollo Salvador , Rey‐Benayas José María , Castro Jorge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Seed dispersal by scatter‐hoarder corvids is key for the establishment of important tree species from the Holarctic region such as the walnut (Juglans regia). However, the factors that drive animal decisions to cache seeds in specific locations and the consequences of these decisions on seed fate are poorly understood.

We experimentally created four distinct, replicated habitat types in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape where the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a common scatter hoarder: soft bare soil; compacted bare soil; compacted soil with a dense herbaceous cover; and soft linear bare soil made up of the irrigation furrows that separated the rest of the treatments. We also experimentally placed visual landmarks (stones, sticks and bunches of dry plants) to test if magpies use them to place seed caches. Walnut dispersal from feeders to the habitats was monitored by radiotracking and camera traps.

A sowing experiment simulating natural caches tested the effect of caching type on seed germination and seedling emergence. Seed mass was controlled for the dispersal and sowing experiments.

Magpies selected the two habitats with soft soil, and avoided the one with compacted soil, to cache nuts. Seed mass did not affect dispersal distance, germination or emergence; however, heavier seeds were cached more often under litter and in the habitat with herbaceous cover, whereas lighter seeds were more often buried in the soft bare soil habitat. Seed burial under soil or litter determined seed fate, as there was virtually no emergence from unburied nuts. There was no evidence of any effect of the visual landmarks.

Synthesis. The consequences of seed caching for seedling early establishment are driven by a fine decision‐making process of the disperser. Magpies seemed to ponder the characteristics of the habitat and the seed itself to determine where and how to cache each nut. By doing so, magpies reinforced the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness, as they cached walnuts in locations that enhanced both seed survival and seedling emergence.
Dobbs v. Jackson and the Revival of the States' Rights Constitution
Authors: Johnson Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe US Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health ended the federal right to an abortion, first pronounced in the 1973 case Roe v. Wade. Dobbs has immediate implications for American women, but it also exposes a growing hostility by the court to the doctrine of ‘substantive due process’ on which many other federal rights rely. This article argues that the court's weakening of substantive due process is a direct challenge to the constitutional transformation wrought by the Fourteenth Amendment following the Civil War. The amendment asserted a national standard of fundamental rights, profoundly rebalancing power away from the states. Should the Supreme Court extend the logic of Dobbs, the national basis for many substantive due process rights will be removed. The court is reviving a kind of states' rights constitutional thinking hitherto unseen by the current generation of Americans.
Electroacupuncture reduces blood glucose by regulating intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: An Jing , Wang Lingli , Song Shuangning , Tian Lugao , Liu Qingqing , Mei Minhui , Li Wenhua , Liu Shi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of diabetes is closely related to the gut microbiota in recent studies, which can be influenced by intestinal motility. A few studies report that electroacupuncture (EA) can lower blood glucose. EA can promote colonic motility and influence gut microbes. In this study, we explored the effect of the EA on blood glucose level in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its mechanism.MethodsThe T2D mice model, fecal microbiota transplantation mice model, and KitW/Wv mice model （Point mutation of mouse W locus encoding kit gene）were used to investigate the effect of EA on blood glucose as well as the mechanism; The blood glucose and insulin resistance level and the intestinal flora were evaluated. The level of intestinal junction protein, inflammatory cytokines in the serum, interstitial cells of Cajal content, and colonic motility were detected. Lastly, the IKKβ/NF‐κB‐JNK‐IRS‐1‐AKT pathway was explored.ResultsEA lowered the blood glucose level, altered the gut microbiota, and promoted colonic motility in T2D mice. EA‐altered microbiota decreased the blood glucose level and insulin resistance in the antibiotics‐treated diabetic mice. EA increased tight junction protein, lowered inflammatory factors, and regulated the IKKβ/NF‐κB‐JNK‐IRS‐1‐AKT pathway in the liver and muscles. EA could not reduce the blood glucose and regulated gut microbiota in the KitW/Wv mice model.ConclusionsEA promoted intestinal motility to regulate the intestinal flora, thereby reducing the level of systemic inflammation, and ultimately lowering the blood glucose by the IKKβ/NF‐κB‐JNK‐IRS‐1‐AKT signal pathway.
Sequencing our way to more accurate community abundance
Authors: Brennan Georgina L. 
Published: October 2022

Over the last two decades, there has been a huge increase in our understanding of microbial diversity, structure and composition enabled by high‐throughput sequencing technologies. Yet, it is unclear how the number of sequences translates to the number of cells or species within the community. In some cases, additional observational data may be required to ensure relative abundance patterns from sequence reads are biologically meaningful. The goal of DNA‐based methods for biodiversity assessments is to obtain robust community abundance data, simultaneously, from environmental samples. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Pierella Karlusich et al. (2022) describe a new method for quantifying phytoplankton cell abundance. Using Tara Oceans data sets, the authors propose the photosynthetic gene psbO for reporting accurate relative abundance of the entire phytoplankton community from metagenomic data. The authors demonstrate higher correlations with traditional optical methods (including microscopy and flow cytometry), using their new method, improving upon molecular abundance assessments using multicopy marker genes. Furthermore, to facilitate application of their approach, the authors curated a psbO gene database for accessible taxonomic queries. This is an important step towards improving species abundance estimates from molecular data and eventually reporting of absolute species abundance, enhancing our understanding of community dynamics.
Predictors of taxonomic splitting and its role in primate conservation
Authors: Creighton M. J. A. , Luo A. Q. , Reader S. M. , Mooers A. Ø. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecies are the main unit used to measure biodiversity, but different preferred operational criteria can lead to very different delineations. For instance, named primate species have more than doubled in number since 1982. Such increases have been partly attributed to a shift away from the “biological species concept” (BSC) in favor of less inclusive species criteria. Critics of recent changes in primate taxonomy have suggested taxonomic splitting may be biased toward certain clades and have unfavorable consequences for conservation. Here, we explore predictors of taxonomic splitting across primate taxa since the initial shift away from the BSC nearly 40 years ago. We do not find evidence that net diversification rate, the rate of lineage formation over evolutionary time, is significantly linked to splitting, contrary to expectations if new species concepts and taxonomic methods identify incipient species. We also do not find evidence that research effort in fields where work has been suggested to motivate splitting is associated with increases in species numbers among genera. To test the suggestion that splitting groups is likely to increase their perceived risk of extinction, we test whether genera that have undergone more splitting have also observed a greater increase in their proportion of threatened species since the initial shift away from older taxonomic methods. We find no cohesive signal of taxonomic splitting leading to higher threat probabilities across primate genera. Thus, our analysis suggests that the threat statuses of primate species are not being overwhelmingly driven by splitting. Regardless, we echo warnings that it is unwise for conservation to be reliant on taxonomic stability. Species (however defined) are not independent from one another, thus, monitoring and managing them as such may not meet the overarching goal of conserving biodiversity.
Macro and microanatomy of some organs of a juvenile male Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica)
Authors: Shil Subrata Kumar , Zahangir Md. Mahiuddin , Das Bhajan Chandra , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Yadav Saroj Kumar , Kibria Md. Manzoorul , Zonaed Siddiki AMAM 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGanges River dolphins (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) are air‐breathing, warm‐blooded mammals endemic to the Ganges and Karnaphuli rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Nevertheless, very little basic histomorphological research has been conducted on this endangered species. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the morphological features of different organs of P. gangetica. Despite becoming aquatic animals, they showed similarities with terrestrial mammals, such as the pair of lungs and an apical bronchus in the respiratory system, which are pretty standard in ruminants and pigs. However, unlike the terrestrial animal, the tracheobronchial tree was stiffer due to circularly arranged anastomosing plates of the hyaline cartilaginous ring in the trachea, cartilaginous plates in the bronchiole, and thick alveolar septa. The digestive system showed a three‐chambered mechanical and glandular stomach similar to the artiodactyles. However, the intestine showed smaller caecum like the monogastric mammal. The urogenital system showed lobulated kidneys, a urinary bladder, a fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure, and a long urethral process similar to some terrestrial ruminants. Considering the aquatic environment, all those modifications, unlike terrestrial mammals, are necessary for their adaptation. Thus, this research will broadly help our clinicians and conservationist to take further steps toward disease diagnosis and monitoring of marine health of this endangered species.
Bilateral patellar agenesis in dog: A case report
Authors: Lage Maíra Harumi Higa , Pozavski Júlia Augusta Rocha , Lamounier Alysson Rodrigo , de Melo Eliane Gonçalves 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA bilateral patellar agenesis is an extremely rare congenital condition in which the patient does not develop both patellas and can present secondary alterations as bone, muscle and postural changes. There are some hypotheses that it has a genetic background presenting dominant characteristic. It is not yet standardized a gold treatment for this affection, but according to rare reports, clinical and surgical treatments are possible. This is a case report based on imagining exams of a mix breed male puppy that was born with bilateral patellar agenesis, an affection not yet reported in canine species.
Deep‐learning model associating lateral cervical radiographic features withCormack–Lehanegrade 3 or 4 glottic view
Authors: Cho H.‐Y. , Lee K. , Kong H.‐J. , Yang H.‐L. , Jung C.‐W. , Park H.‐P. , Hwang J. Y. , Lee H.‐C. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryUnanticipated difficult laryngoscopy is associated with serious airway‐related complications. We aimed to develop and test a convolutional neural network‐based deep‐learning model that uses lateral cervical spine radiographs to predict Cormack–Lehane grade 3 or 4 direct laryngoscopy views of the glottis. We analysed the radiographs of 5939 thyroid surgery patients at our hospital, 253 (4%) of whom had grade 3 or 4 glottic views. We used 10 randomly sampled datasets to train a model. We compared the new model with six similar models (VGG, ResNet, Xception, ResNext, DenseNet and SENet). The Brier score (95%CI) of the new model, 0.023 (0.021–0.025), was lower (‘better’) than the other models: VGG, 0.034 (0.034–0.035); ResNet, 0.033 (0.033–0.035); Xception, 0.032 (0.031–0.033); ResNext, 0.033 (0.032–0.033); DenseNet, 0.030 (0.029–0.032); SENet, 0.031 (0.029–0.032), all p < 0.001. We calculated mean (95%CI) of the new model for: R2, 0.428 (0.388–0.468); mean squared error, 0.023 (0.021–0.025); mean absolute error, 0.048 (0.046–0.049); balanced accuracy, 0.713 (0.684–0.742); and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.965 (0.962–0.969). Radiographic features around the hyoid bone, pharynx and cervical spine were associated with grade 3 and 4 glottic views.
Childbearing at the margins: A systematic metasynthesis of sexual and gender diverse childbearing experiences
Authors: Soled Kodiak Ray Sung , Niles Paulomi Mimi , Mantell Elise , Dansky Mars , Bockting Walter , George Maureen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reproductive and perinatal health of sexual and gender‐diverse (SGD) individuals is a research priority area for the National Institutes of Health. Over the past decade, this childbearing population has been the focus of several qualitative studies providing the opportunity to evaluate and synthesize the qualitative literature on SGD childbearing experiences in a metasynthesis.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of four databases to identify original research published from January 2011 through June 2021. These results were augmented by forward and backward searching strategies. Two authors independently screened studies. All qualitative studies of the childbearing experience were eligible. Data were extracted and inductively coded using conventional content analysis, and studies underwent a quality appraisal by two authors.ResultsFrom 2396 articles, 127 full‐text articles were screened, and 25 were included in this synthesis. Three overarching themes were identified: (a) Systematic Invisibility; (b) Creating Personhood Through Parenthood; and (c) Resilient Narratives of Childbearing.ConclusionsRelative to heterosexual and cisgender parents, SGD childbearing parents experience unique structural and interpersonal challenges and employ critically important resilience strategies and coping techniques to manage an overwhelming heterocisnormative experience. These findings provide an important target for health care organizations and professionals to improve SGD perinatal health. In addition, this metasynthesis identified persistent gaps in our understanding of this marginalized childbearing population, which have important implications for reducing health disparities that SGD parents experience.
Influence of digital implant analog design on the positional trueness of an analog in additively manufactured models: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Mata‐Mata Severino J. , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Meirelles Luiz , Johnston William Michael , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited evidence exists regarding the accuracy of implant analog position in printed models, particularly when implant analogs with varying designs are used.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of digital implant analog (DIA) design on the trueness of their position in additively manufactured digital implant models (DIMs) and to compare with that of a conventional implant analog in a stone cast.Materials and MethodsA dentate maxillary model with a conventional implant analog (Nobel Biocare Implant Replica 4.3 mm CC RP) at left second premolar site was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (3Shape D2000) and a (SB) scan body to generate the master standard tessellation language (STL) file (M0). 12 custom trays were fabricated on M0 file and conventional polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the model were made. All impressions were poured after inserting conventional implant analogs (Nobel RP Implant Replica) (Group A). Model was then digitized with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) and the same SB, and DIMs with three different DIA designs (Nobel Biocare [Group B], Elos [Group C], and NT‐trading [Group D]) were generated (Dental System‐Model Builder). 12 DIMs of each design were additively manufactured and corresponding DIAs were inserted. All models were digitized by using the same laboratory scanner and SB, and these STLs were transferred to a 3D analysis software (Geomagic Control X), where the STL files of the models were superimposed over M0. Linear and 3D deviations at three selected points on SB (implant‐abutment connection, most cervical point on SB, and most coronal point on SB) as well as angular deviations on two planes (buccolingual and mesiodistal) were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni corrected t‐tests were used to analyze the trueness of implant analog positions (α = 0.05).ResultsThe interaction of main effects significantly affected linear (p < 0.001) and angular deviations (p = 0.020). At point 1, group D had higher deviations than groups A and B (p ≤ 0.015). In addition, groups A and D had higher deviations than group B at point 4 (p < 0.001). While group C had similar linear deviations to those of other groups at point 1 and point 4 (p ≥ 0.192), the differences among test groups at point 2 were nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.276). Group B had lower angular deviations than groups C (p = 0.039) and D (p = 0.006) on buccolingual plane.ConclusionsAnalog design affected the trueness of analog position as proprietary, pressure/friction fit DIA (group B) had higher linear trueness than screw‐retained DIA (Group D) and conventional implant analog (group A). In addition, pressure/friction fit DIA had the highest angular trueness among tested DIAs.
Bacterial endocarditis with AACEK (HACEK) organisms
Authors: Kuohn Lindsey R. , Ro Richard , Bamira Daniel , Vainrib Alan , Freedberg Robin , Galloway Aubrey , Williams Mathew R. , Saric Muhamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionGram‐negative organisms of the AACEK group, formerly known as HACEK, rarely cause endocarditis.Case SeriesWe present three cases of bacterial endocarditis, involving native and prosthetic valves, caused by AACEK organisms. In two patients, Cardiobacterium hominis was the responsible organism, and in a third, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus was implicated. A dental source of infection was identified in two patients, and in all three patients, the presentation of endocarditis was subacute.DiscussionThis case series highlights the indolent nature of infection with the AACEK organisms. It also demonstrates the crucial role of multimodality imaging, especially transesophageal echocardiography, in the diagnosis of AACEk endocarditis of both native and prosthetic valves, and in delineating the extent of abscess in those with prosthetic valve infection.
A systems medicine strategy to predict the efficacy of drugs for monogenic epilepsies
Authors: Taweel Basel , Marson Anthony G. , Mirza Nasir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveMonogenic epilepsies are rare but often severe. Because of their rarity, they are neglected by traditional drug developers. Hence, many lack effective treatments. Treatments for a disease can be discovered more quickly and economically by computationally predicting drugs that can be repurposed for it. We aimed to create a computational method to predict the efficacy of drugs for monogenic epilepsies, and to use the method to predict drugs for Dravet syndrome, as (1) it is the archetypal monogenic catastrophic epilepsy; (2) few antiseizure medications are efficacious in Dravet syndrome; and (3) predicting the effect of drugs on Dravet syndrome is challenging, because Dravet syndrome is typically caused by an SCN1A mutation, but some antiseizure medications that are efficacious in Dravet syndrome do not affect SCN1A, and some antiseizure medications that affect SCN1A aggravate seizures in Dravet syndrome.MethodsWe have devised a computational method to predict drugs that could be repurposed for a monogenic epilepsy, based on a combined measure of drugs' effects upon (1) the function of the disease's causal gene and other genes predicted to influence its phenotype, (2) the transcriptomic dysregulation induced by the casual gene mutation, and (3) clinical phenotypes.ResultsOur method correctly predicts drugs that are more effective, less effective, ineffective, and aggravating for seizures in people with Dravet syndrome. Our method correctly predicts the positive "hits" from large‐scale screening of compounds in an animal model of Dravet syndrome. We predict the relative efficacy of 1462 drugs. At least 38 drugs are ranked higher than one or more of the antiseizure drugs currently used for Dravet syndrome and have existing evidence of antiseizure efficacy in animal models.SignificanceOur predictions are a novel resource for identifying new treatments for seizures in Dravet syndrome, and our method can be adapted for other monogenic epilepsies.
Experimental tests and FE simulations to compute the mechanical and fracture properties of the shot‐earth 772
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Ronchei Camilla , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present paper is dedicated to the mechanical and fracture characterization of a specific earthen material, that is, the shot‐earth 772. Although such a material has been recently characterized from a microstructural, chemical and physical point of view, the knowledge of its mechanical and fracture properties (essential for extending its use in construction industry) is still lacking. Such characterizations are here performed both experimentally, through laboratory tests, and numerically, through a FE model. The experimental tests (i.e., flexural, compression, and fracture tests) are carried out on shot‐earth specimens according to recommendations available for concrete and a method proposed by the present authors, named Modified Two‐Parameter Model. The numerical analyses are performed by employing a micromechanical model (implemented in a nonlinear 2D FE homemade code), which allows to simulate both flexural and fracture behavior of the shot‐earth examined. Finally, the obtained numerical results are compared with the experimental ones.
Average skewness in global equity markets
Authors: Atilgan Yigit , Demirtas K. Ozgur , Gunaydin A. Doruk , Kirli Imra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the predictive power of average skewness, defined as the average of monthly skewness values across stocks, documented by the prior literature for US market returns in an international setting. First, we confirm the validity of the results in the original study and show that the intertemporal relation between average skewness and aggregate returns becomes weaker in an alternative sample period. Second, when we repeat the analysis in 22 developed non‐US markets, we find that average skewness has no robust predictive power for future market returns. The loss of forecasting power in the international sample does not depend on the method used to calculate average skewness or the regression specification and is supported by additional out‐of‐sample tests and subsample analysis.