bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigroup Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics Based on Discrete Ordinates including Compton Scattering
Authors: Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a formulation and numerical algorithm to extend the scheme for gray radiation magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) developed by Jiang to include the frequency dependence via the multigroup approach. The entire frequency space can be divided into an arbitrary number of groups in the lab frame, and we follow the time-dependent evolution of frequency-integrated specific intensities along discrete rays inside each group. Spatial transport of photons is done in the lab frame while all the coupling terms are solved in the fluid rest frame. Lorentz transformation is used to connect different frames. The radiation transport equation is solved fully implicitly in time while the MHD equations are evolved explicitly so that time step is not limited by the speed of light. A finite volume approach is used for transport in both spatial and frequency spaces to conserve the radiation energy density and momentum. The algorithm includes photon absorption, electron scattering, as well as Compton scattering, which is calculated by solving the Kompaneets equation. The algorithm is accurate for a wide range of optical depth conditions and can handle both radiation-pressure- and gas-pressure-dominated flows. It works for both Cartesian and curvilinear coordinate systems with adaptive mesh refinement. We provide a variety of test problems including a radiating sphere, shadow test, absorption of a moving gas, Bondi-type flows, as well as a collection of test problems for thermal and bulk Compton scattering. We also discuss examples where frequency dependence can make a big difference compared with the gray approach.
Temperature Spectra of Interstellar Dust Grains Heated by Cosmic Rays. III. Mixed-composition Grains
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Kalnin Juris Roberts 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Icy grains in the interstellar medium and star formation regions consist of a variety of materials. Such composite grains interact differently with cosmic-ray (CR) particles compared to simple single-material grains. We aim to calculate the spectra of energies and temperatures of mixed-composition grains undergoing whole-grain heating by CRs. The grains were assumed to consist of a mixture of carbon and olivine, covered by ices consisting of carbon oxides and water. The energy and temperature spectra for grains with radii 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μm impacted by CRs were calculated for eight values of column density, relevant to molecular clouds and star-forming cores. The approach takes into account changes in ice thickness and composition with increasing column density. These detailed data for CR interaction with interstellar grains are intended for applications in astrochemical models. The main finding is that a more accurate approach on grain heat capacity and other factors prevent frequent heating of 0.1 μm or larger icy grains to high temperatures.
Metodologias ativas de ensino utilizadas nas diversas áreas do conhecimento: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Cortiano Siomara Age Mendes , Menezes Glauco Gomes de 
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de artigos científicos publicados, como as instituições de ensino superior têm feito uso das metodologias ativas em seus cursos de graduação nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento. A revisão sistemática buscou responder a seguinte questão: dentre os quatro tipos de metodologias ativas escolhidos - Aprendizagem baseada em problemas, Aprendizagem baseada em times, Instrução por Pares e Sala de Aula Invertida - quais foram as mais utilizadas em cada área do conhecimento? Para responder a essa questão, foi feita uma revisão da literatura a fim de esclarecer como os teóricos destacam a importância das metodologias ativas, procurando caracterizar e definir em que consiste essa proposta pedagógica; em um segundo momento, apresentou-se os resultados da revisão bibliográfica realizada nos periódicos da Capes, utilizando um método de pesquisa baseado na busca por artigos, revisados por pares, com datas de análise do período de 2013 a 2018; concluiu-se que a área da Saúde é a que mais tem artigos publicados, com uma predominância sobre Aprendizagem Baseada em Times. As áreas das Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Ciências Sociais e Ciências Humanas também apresentaram uma publicação significativa de artigos, permitindo a identificação das metodologias ativas usadas com mais frequência. As demais áreas do conhecimento apresentaram um número menor de artigos, prejudicando a identificação de preferências.
A apropriação de dispositivos móveis no cenário brasileiro e implicações para o ensino de ciências no contexto da aprendizagem móvel
Authors: Lima Leonardo Viana de , Meirelles Rosane Moreira Silva de 
Published: October 2022

As pesquisas promovidas por instituições públicas e privadas, em diferentes seguimentos da sociedade, descrevem uma crescente adesão à utilização de dispositivos móveis e ao uso da Internet pela população brasileira. Estes dados podem oferecer perspectivas de planejamentos e ações em variados setores sociais. Neste estudo, através de pesquisa documental foi realizada uma associação entre os dados apresentados por estas pesquisas e suas implicações no campo educacional, através da Aprendizagem Móvel, e suas possíveis relações com o ensino de ciências. Embora as discussões sobre o tema não sejam consensuais, existe uma grande parcela da população brasileira em idade escolar que possui os dispositivos móveis incorporados ao seu cotidiano e consideramos neste estudo que esta ferramenta pode ser uma grande aliada ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Atividades práticas no ensino de ciências: uma possível proposta interpretativa
Authors: Stange Carlos Eduardo Bittencourt , Moreira Marco Antonio , Villagrá Jesús Ángel Meneses 
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho é decorrente de parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa Internacional de Doutorado em Ensino de Ciências pela Universidade de Burgos, Espanha. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, cujas reflexões propostas objetivam contribuir com a formação de professores de Ciências no Ensino Fundamental – séries finais e professores das áreas das Ciências Exatas e Naturais no Ensino Médio, no Sistema de Ensino Brasileiro. Apresenta-se, a partir dessas reflexões, uma possível proposta interpretativa sobre atividades práticas, em função das suas características, dos papéis dos professores (planejadores e mediadores) e dos alunos (realizadores), devido à elevação de grau em relação à abstração e complexidades em suas realizações.
Democracia no século XXI: A internet como ferramenta a serviço do cidadão e do Estado
Authors: De Carvalho Leite Peres Fabíola 
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar o caráter democrático da internet e das mídias digitais e a utilização dessas ferramentas tanto pelos agentes públicos, com o objetivo de aproximar a população do debate político, quanto pelos indivíduos marginalizados que identificam o ambiente digital como forma de unir forças através da criação de comunidades virtuais para garantir mais voz às suas necessidades. A partir do cruzamento de informações coletadas em pesquisas bibliográficas e em levantamentos de dados governamentais, é possível identificar no decorrer do artigo os fatores que desencadearam a chamada “crise da democracia representativa” e seus reflexos, tanto no comportamento da população, visto pela ótica do ativismo digital como reinvindicação e cobrança em relação ao estado e às intuições públicas, quanto na presença do estado no ambiente digital, criando ferramentas com o objetivo de fomentar a participação popular em algumas pautas públicas.
MUNIZ-OLIVEIRA, Siderlene (org.). Linguagem e trabalho educacional: textos e trabalho docente. Campinas, SP: Pontes Editores, 2019.
Authors: Valentini Antonio Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Resenha do livro: MUNIZ-OLIVEIRA, Siderlene (org.). Linguagem e trabalho educacional: textos e trabalho docente. Campinas, SP: Pontes Editores, 2019.
Psychosexualité du porno et #porn sur les réseaux sociaux
Authors: Haza Marion 
Published: October 2022

Depuis l’émergence du numérique, les représentations classiques de la sexualité se sont déplacées sur la toile. Ainsi, le porno est apparu, avec ses images de plus en plus trafiquées. Aujourd’hui, enfants et adolescents se retrouvent sans filtre face à ces images, parfois traumatiques. Comment les réseaux sociaux traitent-ils ces images pour les protéger ? Quelles sont les évolutions du porno ? Que penser de l’émergence du #porn sur les réseaux, au regard de l’entrée dans le monde adulte ?
Sociologie de la viande artificielle
Authors: Xu Yi Bing , Li Quancai , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2022

Résumé : Pourquoi l’avènement de la viande artificielle suscite-t-il ces questions ? « Qu’est-ce que la viande artificielle ? », « Quelles sont les attentes de la société par rapport à la viande artificielle ? », « En quoi les experts et les universitaires sont-ils en désaccord ? » On tente de comprendre ce qui rend la viande artificielle si « problématique » à l’heure actuelle. Est-ce parce qu’elle est principalement motivée par des intérêts économiques, une idéologie du « politiquement correct », la promotion de la protection de l’environnement, qu’elle est le résultat d’une « recherche interne » et beaucoup d’autres raisons ? Il n’existe que peu d’études et d’analyses sociologiques approfondies sur la viande artificielle, pourtant celle-ci est susceptible d’apporter des changements significatifs dans notre vie sociale. En effet, peut-être sera-t-elle la « nourriture du futur » la plus proche de notre société actuelle.
Note sur Rome et l’Empire dans le livre III des Entretiens
Authors: Lévy Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Cet article traite de la problématique présence
de Rome dans le livre III des Entretiens. À la suite du travail de
Corinne Jouanno, l’article entreprend de commenter le relatif silence
dans lequel est laissée l’Vrbs au sein des Entretiens : espace expérimental
d’humanité, Rome n’est qu’un décor à peine esquissé. Cette absence a
en réalité une vocation critique, celle de faire tomber les masques :
Rome n’est aucunement le royaume de la raison. Le propos se concentre
ainsi sur trois figures de la Ville. Celle-ci est d’abord la ville
hostile à la philosophie, un espace dans lequel la philosophie n’est
guère appréciée, parce qu’il en inverse la pratique, parce qu’ensuite
les Romains ne la comprennent guère, parce qu’enfin Rome dessine un
espace de pouvoir rongé par la corruption. Rome n’est en outre qu’une
ville parmi d’autres : Épictète travaille à déconstruire la position
de celle qui a pu passer pour le centre du monde, notamment en
évoquant son lourd passé, dans la destruction de Corinthe. Rome,
enfin, est le siège d’un empereur anti-sapiens, dont la prétendue puissance doit
être remise à sa juste place. L’empereur n’est pas l’analogue du sage,
pas plus que Rome n’est un lieu accueillant pour la philosophie.
Self-Assessment and Rational Reflexivity in Epictetus
Authors: Inwood Brad 
Published: October 2022

This article explores Epictetus’ views about the importance of self-knowledge and self-assessment in his ethics, with special emphasis on book 3 of the Discourses and especially 3.22. Further, it argues that Epictetus developed a theory of rationality which makes forms of reflexivity central to it. It further argues that, though probably inspired by Plato’s dialogues, this theory was original to Epictetus and was not anticipated by earlier Stoics. The role of the Delphic injunction to ‘know thyself’ is important throughout.
Traquer les reptiliens, dévoiler la vérité
Authors: Robert-Rimsky Théophile 
Published: October 2022

On trouve sur Internet des communautés qui partagent les preuves de l’existence d’une race d’humanoïdes reptiliens, dont le but est d’asservir et de dominer la race humaine. Ceux qui se sont éveillés à la réalité du complot se font appeler « chercheurs de vérité ». En explorant différentes ressources textuelles et vidéographiques, cet article essaie de reconstituer le trajet qui mène de l’ignorance du complot au savoir. Il tente de montrer comment une entité cachée devient « surperceptible », visible partout, et comment les chercheurs de vérité démontrent l’existence d’humanoïdes reptiliens. Il propose que les reptiliens, invisibles, deviennent trop visibles une fois mise en place une certaine forme d’enquête, qui joue comme un révélateur de la réalité du complot. Enfin, il invite à s’interroger sur ce que signifie la dynamique de ces communautés, autour de l’enquête qui démontre l’existence d’un invisible.
Calpains Released from Necrotic Tumor Cells Enhance Antigen Cross-Presentation to Activate CD8+ T Cells In Vitro
Authors: Shields Nicholas J , Peyroux Estelle M , Campbell Katrin , Mehta Sunali , Woolley Adele G , Counoupas Claudio , Neumann Silke , Young Sarah L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The initiation of CD8+ T cell responses against dead cell–associated Ags is tightly regulated, facilitating adaptive immunity against pathogens and tumors while preventing autoimmunity. It is now well established that dying cells actively regulate the generation of CD8+ T cell responses via the release or exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns. However, it is unclear whether nonproteasomal proteases (activated in stressed and dying cells) can influence the availability of Ags for cross-presentation. Using a mouse model of immunogenic necrosis, we investigated the role of tumor-derived proteases in the priming of CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate that proteases released from necrotic tumor cells can degrade whole-protein Ag, generating proteolytic intermediates that are efficiently cross-presented by dendritic cells and enhance CD8+ T cell cross-priming. We identify a dominant role for calpain proteases, which are activated during necrotic cell death induced by severe heat shock. Mechanistically, proteolytic intermediates generated by tumor-derived proteases associate with necrotic tumor cell debris, which acts as a vehicle for Ag transfer that facilitates highly efficient cross-presentation in dendritic cells. Our results suggest that proteolytic systems activated in Ag donor cells during cell death may influence the availability of antigenic substrates for cross-presentation, thereby regulating the antigenicity of cell death.
Negative Cross-Talk between TLR2/4-Independent AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-Dependent JNK Regulates S. pneumoniae–Induced Mucosal Innate Immune Response
Authors: Matsuyama Shingo , Komatsu Kensei , Lee Byung-Cheol , Tasaki Yukihiro , Miyata Masanori , Xu Haidong , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Kai Hirofumi , Li Jian-Dong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is major cause of otitis media (OM) and life-threatening pneumonia. Overproduction of mucin, the major component of mucus, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both OM and pneumonia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tight regulation of mucin upregulation in the mucosal epithelium by S. pneumoniae infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that S. pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) activates AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), the master regulator of energy homeostasis, which is required for S. pneumoniae–induced mucin MUC5AC upregulation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that PLY activates AMPKα1 via cholesterol-dependent membrane binding of PLY and subsequent activation of the Ca2+– Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and Cdc42–mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling axis in a TLR2/4-independent manner. AMPKα1 positively regulates PLY-induced MUC5AC expression via negative cross-talk with TLR2/4-dependent activation of MAPK JNK, the negative regulator of MUC5AC expression. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AMPKα1 suppressed MUC5AC induction in the S. pneumoniae–induced OM mouse model, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential in suppressing mucus overproduction in OM. Taken together, our data unveil a novel mechanism by which negative cross-talk between TLR2/4-independent activation of AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-dependent activation of JNK tightly regulates the S. pneumoniae PLY-induced host mucosal innate immune response.
Modern Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Leverage Type I IFN Pathway for a Proinflammatory Response in the Host
Authors: Shankaran Deepthi , Arumugam Prabhakar , Vasanthakumar Ragavendran P , Singh Anjali , Bothra Ankur , Gandotra Sheetal , Rao Vivek 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Host phagocytes respond to infections by innate defense mechanisms through metabolic shuffling to restrict the invading pathogen. However, this very plasticity of the host provides an ideal platform for pathogen-mediated manipulation. In the human (THP1/THP1 dual/PBMC-derived monocyte-derived macrophages) and mouse (RAW264.7 and C57BL/6 bone marrow–derived) macrophage models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we have identified an important strategy employed by clinical lineages in regulating the host immune–metabolism axis. We show greater transit via the macrophage phagosomal compartments by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of lineage: M. tuberculosis lineage 3 is associated with an ability to elicit a strong and early type I IFN response dependent on DNA (in contrast with the protracted response to lineage: M. tuberculosis lineage 1). This augmented IFN signaling supported a positive regulatory loop for the enhanced expression of IL-6 consequent to an increase in the expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol in macrophages. This amplification of the macrophage innate response-metabolic axis incumbent on a heightened and early type I IFN signaling portrays yet another novel aspect of improved intracellular survival of clinical M. tuberculosis strains.
Nexinhib20 Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion and β2 Integrin Activation by Antagonizing Rac-1–Guanosine 5′-Triphosphate Interaction
Authors: Liu Wei , Cronin Chunxia G , Cao Ziming , Wang Chengliang , Ruan Jianbin , Pulikkot Sunitha , Hall Alexxus , Sun Hao , Groisman Alex , Chen Yunfeng , Vella Anthony T , Hu Liang , Liang Bruce T , Fan Zhichao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for mediating inflammatory responses. Inhibiting neutrophil recruitment is an attractive approach for preventing inflammatory injuries, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which exacerbates cardiomyocyte death after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we found out that a neutrophil exocytosis inhibitor Nexinhib20 inhibits not only exocytosis but also neutrophil adhesion by limiting β2 integrin activation. Using a microfluidic chamber, we found that Nexinhib20 inhibited IL-8–induced β2 integrin–dependent human neutrophil adhesion under flow. Using a dynamic flow cytometry assay, we discovered that Nexinhib20 suppresses intracellular calcium flux and β2 integrin activation after IL-8 stimulation. Western blots of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1)–GTP pull-down assays confirmed that Nexinhib20 inhibited Rac-1 activation in leukocytes. An in vitro competition assay showed that Nexinhib20 antagonized the binding of Rac-1 and GTP. Using a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, Nexinhib20 administration after ischemia and before reperfusion significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment and infarct size. Our results highlight the translational potential of Nexinhib20 as a dual-functional neutrophil inhibitory drug to prevent myocardial I/R injury.
Duck CD8+ T Cell Response to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Dai Manman , Sun Hui , Zhao Li , Wu Qingxin , You Bowen , Xu Fengxiang , Liao Jiayu , Zhu Sufang , Li Ziwei , Yao Yongxiu , Nair Venugopal , Liao Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Domestic ducks are the important host for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection and epidemiology, but little is known about the duck T cell response to H5N1 AIV infection. In infection experiments of mallard ducks, we detected significantly increased CD8+ cells and augmented expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes, including granzyme A and IFN-γ, in PBMCs from 5 to 9 d postinfection when the virus shedding was clearly decreased, which suggested the importance of the duck cytotoxic T cell response in eliminating H5N1 infection in vivo. Intriguingly, we found that a CD8high+ population of PBMCs was clearly upregulated in infected ducks from 7 to 9 d postinfection compared with uninfected ducks. Next, we used Smart-Seq2 technology to investigate the heterogeneity and transcriptional differences of the duck CD8+ cells. Thus, CD8high+ cells were likely to be more responsive to H5N1 AIV infection, based on the high level of expression of genes involved in T cell responses, activation, and proliferation, including MALT1, ITK, LCK, CD3E, CD247, CFLAR, IL-18R1, and IL-18RAP. More importantly, we have also successfully cultured H5N1 AIV-specific duck T cells in vitro, to our knowledge, for the first time, and demonstrated that the CD8high+ population was increased with the duck T cell activation and response in vitro, which was consistent with results in vivo. Thus, the duck CD8high+ cells represent a potentially effective immune response to H5N1 AIV infection in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide novel insights and direction for developing effective H5N1 AIV vaccines.
Persistent Antigen Harbored by Alveolar Macrophages Enhances the Maintenance of Lung-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Lobby Jenna L , Uddbäck Ida , Scharer Christopher D , Mi Tian , Boss Jeremy M , Thomsen Allan R , Christensen Jan P , Kohlmeier Jacob E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lung tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial mediators of cellular immunity against respiratory viruses; however, their gradual decline hinders the development of T cell–based vaccines against respiratory pathogens. Recently, studies using adenovirus (Ad)-based vaccine vectors have shown that the number of protective lung-resident CD8+ TRMs can be maintained long term. In this article, we show that immunization of mice with a replication-deficient Ad serotype 5 expressing influenza (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) nucleoprotein (AdNP) generates a long-lived lung TRM pool that is transcriptionally indistinct from those generated during a primary influenza infection. In addition, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cells contribute to the long-term maintenance of AdNP-induced CD8+ TRMs. Using a lineage tracing approach, we identify alveolar macrophages as a cell source of persistent NP Ag after immunization with AdNP. Importantly, depletion of alveolar macrophages after AdNP immunization resulted in significantly reduced numbers of NP-specific CD8+ TRMs in the lungs and airways. Combined, our results provide further insight to the mechanisms governing the enhanced longevity of Ag-specific CD8+ lung TRMs observed after immunization with recombinant Ad.