bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Machine Learning Model Predicts Radiation Therapy Benefit in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients with High Accuracy
Authors: Badal Kimberly , Foster Jerome E. , Haraksingh Rajini , John Melford 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) is frequently recommended for post-surgery treatment of early-stage breast cancer (BC) patients, though not all benefit. Clinical factors currently guide RT treatment decisions. At present, models to predict RT-benefit predominantly use statistical methods with modest performance. In this paper we present a high-accuracy genomic Machine Learning (ML) model to predict RT-benefit in early-stage BC patients. We also present a novel method for selecting genomic features for training ML algorithms. MethodsGene expression data from 463 early-stage BC patients treated with surgery and RT from the METABRIC cohort were obtained. Wilcoxon Rank Sum (Wilcoxon RS) test and Cox Proportional Hazards (Cox PH) were used to reduce the number of genes used to train eight ML algorithms. ML algorithms were trained on 80% of data using 10-fold cross validation and tested on 20% of data to assess performance in predicting relapse status. Results Genome-wide gene expression data was reduced by 96% using Wilcoxon RS and Cox PH to a 1,596 gene set and a 977 gene set. These gene sets were used to train eight ML algorithms resulting in models that ranged in performance accuracies from 54.01% to 95.6%. Highest accuracies were obtained using Support Vector Machine (SVM977–93.41%, SVM1596–95.6%) and Neural Networks algorithms (NN977 – 92.31%, NN1596 – 93.41%). In RT-untreated patients, accuracies of all models were 30% to 40% lower compared to RT-treated patients. SVM977 had the highest sensitivity of 91.09%. Members of the 977 set were enriched with genes involved in cell cycle and differentiation as well as genes associated with radiosensitivity and radioresistance.Conclusion This study presents a novel genomic feature selection approach that used Wilcoxon RS followed by Cox PH to reduce the number of genes from genome-wide gene expression data used for training ML algorithms by 96%. This approach led to an SVM model that used the expression values of 977 genes to predict RT-benefit in early-stage BC patients with 93.41% accuracy. This work demonstrates that ML models can be clinically useful for predicting cancer patient outcomes.
Performance Evaluation Of Bacterial Consortium For Biodegradation Of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon: A Comparative Strategic Biostimulation Study
Authors: Behera Ipsita Dipamitra , Meikap Bhim Charan , Sen Ramkrishna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research work demonstrated the comparative study of the efficacy of poultry litter extract (PLE) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) as biostimulating agents for enhancing total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation of petroleum refinery sludge (PRS) with bioaugmentation of an indigenously developed bacterial consortium. In this study, six sets of treatments such as natural attenuation, bioaugmentation with the indigenously developed bacterial consortium, and various biostimulation strategies with (MSM100, PLE100, NPK100, MSM50+PLE50, and MSM50+NPK50) were performed to meet 100% nutrient source for bacterial growth to enhance TPH degradation. Among all, the combined sources of MSM50+PLE50 showed the best performance by degrading the TPH up to 91.3 ± 4.1% within 28 d of the incubation period. The GC-FID analysis confirmed the efficacy of TPH degradation of PRS when PLE amendment with MSM. Further, the removal of maltene and asphaltene was also achieved 92 ± 3.7% and 52 ± 2.2% during this treatment. TPH degradation fitted to first-order kinetics with a rate constant 0.09 d-1 and half-life period of 7.7 d for MSM50+PLE50 amendment treatment along with bacterial consortium as bioaugmentation. This study revealed the implementation of the PLE amendment not only preferred as a nutrient source for bacterial growth but also enhanced TPH biodegradation in an eco-friendly strategic way by dropping the practice of inorganic salts.
The Use Of Video Consultations To Support Orthopedic Patients' Treatment At The Interface Of A Clinic And General Practitioners
Authors: Estel Katharina , Richter Luise , Weber Gordian , Fellmer Felix , Märdian Sven , Willy Christian , Back David Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Video consultations have proven to be a powerful support tool for patient–doctor interactions in general, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed the feasibility and usefulness of orthopedic telemedical consultations (OTCs) for orthopedic patients at the interface of a clinic and general practitioners.Methods: The study was carried out at an orthopedic department of a German hospital between April 2020 and October 2020. After written informed consent was obtained, general practitioners (GPs) of a large adjunct health region could present their patients with orthopedic pathologies to specialists at the hospital via OTCs instead of the usual live consultation (LC). The patients, specialists and GPs were evaluated for their OTC experience and attitude (5-point Likert-scale and open questions, 19 to 27 items).Results: A total of 89 video consultations took place with 76 patients, 16 GPs and six specialists. The average distance between the GPs/patients and the hospital was 141.9 km. The OTCs were rated as pleasant, and the experience was rated as very satisfying (average Likert-Scale rating, with 5 as strong agreement: specialists = 4.8; GPs = 4.9; patients = 4.7). Following the OTC, a LC was not necessary in 76.4% of cases. Patients with a necessary LC after an OTC showed significantly lower satisfaction with the OTC (p = 0.005). Time savings, the elimination of travel and quick contact with orthopedic consultants were positively highlighted by the participants. A total of 123 recommendations for further treatment were given, such as the initiation of physiotherapy/medication and the use of imaging diagnostics. Different technical and organizational challenges could be identified and addressed.Discussion: The vast majority of the participants stated they had a very positive impression. In particular, the potential savings in travel and time as well as straightforward contact with specialists were rated positively. However, limitations in the assessment of initial presentations of complex medical conditions were also highlighted. Further studies on OTCs with a consultative health professional may specify the areas of application.
Student Experience of Distance Learning During the Sars-cov-2 Pandemic and the Prospects of its Use in A Medical University
Authors: Sankova Maria V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Litvinova Tatiana M. , Volel Beatrice A. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Vovkogon Andzhela D. , Rizaeva Negoria A. , Sankov Sergey V. , Bulygin Kirill V. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background. Medical education involves not only mastering a large amount of theoretical knowledge, but also obtaining professional practical and communication skills, which requires intramural education. In the ongoing SARS-COV-2 pandemic, most medical universities had to transform their curriculum to remote education in order to ensure the safety of students and teachers and prevent the spread of SARS-COV-2. In order to improve remote education models and determine the future prospects for its application in medical education, we studied the setbacks and advantages of remote education at a medical university during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic through surveying and academic evaluation. Methods. A survey was conducted amongst 272 first-year students at Sechenov University aged 17 to 23 years (18.47 ± 0.96 years). The work was carried out in February-March 2021 immediately after medical universities switched back to intramural studies, discontinuing remote education, which was introduced previously. The survey to assess student wellbeing, adaptive capabilities, educational preferences and burdens was developed by collaboration between Sechenov University and Moscow State University. Statistical analysis was carried out using RStudio. Results. Almost all medical students possessed digital literacy skills and showed a high level of adaptation to online learning. Teacher technical skills defined successful interaction with students in real time. The main difficulties of remote education included technical difficulties and problems associated with self-discipline and organization of working day regimen that should be taken into account when developing models of online learning. Physical wellbeing became a worrisome factor for many students. Conclusion. Remote education, though efficient in theoretical education, cannot completely replace the traditional intramural education, mainly due to hands-on training requirements. However, in the future, a transition to combined medical education, where digital technologies will find new prospects for application is anticipated.
Effects of Wolbachia elimination and B-vitamin supplementation on bed bug development and reproduction
Authors: Hickin Mauri L. , Kakumanu Madhavi L. , Schal Coby 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Obligate blood feeders, such as Cimex lectualrius (common bed bug), have symbiotic associations with nutritional endosymbionts that produce B-vitamins. To quantify the symbiont’s contribution to host fitness in these obligate mutualisms, the symbiont must be eliminated and its absence rigorously confirmed. We developed and validated procedures for complete elimination of Wolbachia (Wb) in bed bugs and quantified development and reproduction in bed bugs with and without Wb and with and without B-vitamins supplementation. Aposymbiotic bed bugs had slower nymphal development, reduced adult survivorship, smaller adult size, fewer eggs per female, and lower hatch rate than bed bugs that harbored Wb. In aposymbiotic bed bugs that were fed B-vitamins-supplemented blood, nymph development time, adult survivorship and hatch rate recovered to control levels, but adult size and egg number only partially recovered. These results underscore the nutritional dependence of bed bugs on their Wb symbiont and suggest that Wb may provide additional nutritional benefits beyond the B-vitamin mix that we investigated.
The Risk of Developing Second Primary Malignancies Among Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Du Songtao , Li Yayun , Sun Huiyan , Zeng Furong , Deng Guangtong , Zhang Bomiao , Cui Binbin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The increasing number of young colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors has led to ongoing concerns about the risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs). Here, we intended to comprehensively explore the pooled standardized incidence rates (SIRs) for total and site-specific SPMs in CRC survivors with different restriction to lag period.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases were searched to identify any studies reporting the SIRs of SPM following CRC until August 2021. Total and site-specific SIRs with different restriction to lag period were pooled using fixed/random effect models. Results: A total of 42 full-text publications with more than 1, 524, 236 CRC survivors and 166, 210 SPM patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled data showed an increased SIRs for all SPMs in CRC survivors with different restriction to lag period (no restriction to lag period, SIR = 1.15, 95%CI = [1.08-1.23]; 1-year lag, 1.16 [1.10-1.23]; 5-year lag, 1.18 [1.09-1.28]; 10-year lag, 1.24 [1.11-1.39]). The conclusions were consistent for neoplasms of colorectum, corpus uteri, and small intestine with different restriction to lag period. However, limited evidence was presented for associations between CRC survivors and SPM for prostate, breast (female), ovarian, stomach, urinary bladder, kidney, thyroid, bone and soft-tissue.Conclusion: CRC survivors are associated with an increased risk of SPMs, especially neoplasms of colorectum, corpus uteri, and small intestine. Our finding will provide the reference for patient counseling, second prevention and guidelines-making.
Elucidating tumor heterogeneity from spatially resolved transcriptomics data by multi-view graph collaborative learning
Authors: Zuo Chunman , Zhang Yijian , Cao Chen , Feng Jinwang , Jiao Mingqi , Chen Luonan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technology enables us to gain novel insights into tissue architecture and cell development, especially tumors. However, the lack of effective methods for exploiting biological contexts (e.g., global position information) and multi-view features has severely hindered the disentangling ability for tissue heterogeneity. Here, we proposed stMVC, a multi-view graph collaborative learning model that integrates histology, gene expression, spatial location, and biological contexts in analyzing SRT data by attention. Specifically, stMVC adopting semi-supervised graph attention autoencoder separately learns view-specific representations for each of two graphs, i.e., histological similarity graph by visual features and spatial location graph by physical coordinates, and then simultaneously integrates two-view graphs for robust representations via learning weights of different views with attention in a semi-supervision manner from biological contexts. Benchmark studies of stMVC on 12 slices from the human cortex, demonstrate its superior capability in detecting tissue structure, visualizing trajectory relationships between different layers, and denoising data. In particular, in the breast cancer study, stMVC identified new disease-related cell-states and their transition cell-states, which were further validated by the functional and survival analysis of independent clinical data. Those results not only provided novel biological insights into tumor heterogeneity but also demonstrated clinical and prognostic applications from SRT data. The software is available at https://github.com/cmzuo11/stMVC.
Saudi Arabian Students in Postgraduate Dental Programs: Investigating Factors Associated with Burnout
Authors: Asiri Amal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Burnout related to emotional and physical study or work demands affects an individual’s performance and well being. This study focused on Saudi Arabian dental residents studying in the United States and the United Kingdom who are faced with many challenges in pursuit of a higher education degree. A survey including demographic and MBI questions was distributed to assess this population’s level of burnout. The Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) has been widely used in the literature to assess three components of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DEP), and (diminished) personal accomplishment (PA). Potential predictors of burnout level, tested for statistical significance, included: (1) country (US vs UK), (2) hours of work, (3) sponsorship status, (4) marital status (5) gender and (6) prior work experience. Using multiple regression analyses, those found to predict EE included hours of work, sponsorship status, and gender. Only gender was found to predict PA. None of the variables were predictive of DEP. Moreover, after controlling for the demographic variables, the country where studying did not help account for the level of burnout. Limitations of the study, implications for practice and suggestions for further research are offered in the discussion.
Evaluation of Concentrated Growth Factor and Blood Clot as Scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Fengjiao , Yu Lintong , Li Jiahui , Cheng Jing , Zhang Yishan , Zhao Xiaoe , Song Guangtai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for its abundant growth factors. However, no clinical study has evaluated the effectiveness of CGF compared with the conventional scaffold in REPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate of CGF and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in REPs.Methods: Immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis treated with REPs between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 6-month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF and BC groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. Preoperative and intraoperative data included tooth type, aetiology, capping materials, and restorative materials. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis at a significance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 121 teeth from 107 children were included. The CGF and BC groups included 53 and 68 teeth, respectively. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no significant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). In both groups, a high proportion of teeth were scored 2 (increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length), and there was no significant difference in the scores between groups. The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was significantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%). Conclusions: CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
The Relationship Between Volunteers’ Attitude Towards Palliative Care and Spiritual Care Competence: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Jingrong , Xu Yifan , Li Tiantian , Jue Xing , Shu Zhiqun , Hui Jue , Li Xueying , Jing Limei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: With the rising burden of palliative care and limited health care resource, volunteers are an integral resource in palliative care. However, the spiritual care competence and the relationship between spiritual care competence and attitude towards palliative care among volunteers has rarely been investigated. This study examined volunteers’ spiritual care competence; and identified factors affecting spiritual care competence.Methods: The correlational study was conducted with 385 volunteers in Shanghai, China. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Volunteers’ spiritual care competence level was not high (58.50±10.92). And attitude towards palliative care was significantly correlated with spiritual care competence (r=0.49, p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between spiritual care competence and the following variables: age, education background, marital status, religious belief, occupational status, relevant experience of practice and training.Conclusion: A need exists to organize and design diversified education and training programs about spiritual care targeting to different kinds of volunteers to continually improve their spiritual care competence. Considering attitude towards palliative care is a significant factor of spiritual care competence, education and training programs should be developed to help volunteers establish positive attitude towards palliative care.
Inhibitory action of mVOCs from Shewanella algae Sg8 against phytopathogenic fungi and transcriptional elicitation of PR genes in tomato
Authors: Krishnan Radhesh S , KUMARAVEL SENGALI RAGUNATH , Sriniva R , Prabakaran N. , Ponni Keerthana , Balaji G. , K Latha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The analysis of Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) is an emerging research field with huge impact in the fields of medical & agricultural biotechnology, Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are being considered as imminent eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. In this study, we characterized the effect of volatiles emitted from Shewanella algae (Sg8) isolated from a marine ecosystem in promoting plant growth, in controlling the activity of Fusarium oxysporum through mVOCs and its antagonistic activity against other phytopathogenic fungus. Sg8 also inhibited the growth of four other agronomically important foliar and soil plant pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Magnoporthae oryzae and Macrophomina sp. The effect of microbial volatiles (mVOCs) produced by the bacterium Sg8, on plant growth were investigated on tomato plants under in vivo conditions. The VOCs emitted from Sg8 up regulated the Thaumatin-like antifungal (PR-5) gene (9-fold) and Glutamine synthetase (GS) gene (0.96-fold) in tomato plants. Sg8 effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. Our results show that Sg8 generates bioactive volatiles that induces the regulation of Pathogenesis related (PR) genes, & stimulation of the growth of the plants and also suppresses the growth of other agriculturally important foliar and soil phyto-pathogenic fungus.
Electrochemiluminescence of dual excited states modulated with arginine modification of black phosphorus quantum dots
Authors: Ju Huangxian , Yu Siqi , Du Yu , Niu Xianghong , Li Guangming , Zhu Da , Yu Qian , Zou Guizheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is generally emitted via radiative transition of singlet or triplet excited state (S1 or T1). Herein, an ECL mechanism with the transitions of both S1 and T1 of black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) was found for the first time, and an arginine modification strategy was proposed to passivate the surface oxidation defects of BPQDs, which could modulate the excited states for enhancing the ECL of BPQDs. The Arg modification led to greater spatial overlap of HOMO with LUMO and spectral shift of radiative transitions, and improved the stability of anion radical of BPQDs. The enhanced cathodic ECL was used to construct a sensitive method for conveniently evaluating the inhibiting efficiency of cyclo(RGDyK) to cell surface integrin by using RRGDS peptide modified BPQDs as signal tag. The dual excited states mediated ECL emitters provided a new paradigm for adjustable ECL generation and extended the application of ECL analysis.
In-situ Observation of Interfacial Debonding between a Single Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Matrix by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Nano-Imaging
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Matsuo Takuma , Sato Wataru , Shoya Ryosuke , Nakamura Takashi , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Uesugi Kentaro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although the initial stage of fatigue failure accounts for failure in mechanical structures, this has not been thoroughly clarified for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs), thereby prompting the need to develop innovative fatigue tests. In this study, interfacial debonding between a single carbon fiber and the epoxy matrix was observed using synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray computed tomography (CT). A single carbon fiber was embedded perpendicular to the loading direction in a dumbbell-shaped epoxy sample. A tabletop fatigue testing machine driven by a piezoelectric actuator was developed to apply static and cyclic loads along the beamline for the in situ observation. The SR X-ray multiscale CT imaging was conducted by switching between an absorption-contrast projection method (micro-CT) and a phase-contrast imaging type X-ray microscopic CT (nano-CT). Micro-CT had insufficient resolution in detecting interfacial debonding, whereas nano-CT clearly visualized it under a static tensile load of 30 MPa. A gradual increase in the debonding length was detected until a static load of 50 MPa with nanovoid formation along the interface. Under cyclic loading, the debonding length increase along the interface was captured under a sinusoidal stress of 8–40 MPa after 10,000 cycles, whereas it did not propagate under a stress below 30 MPa.