bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalization and Nationalism: Contending Forces in World Politics
Authors: Bonifai Niccolò W , Rudra Nita , Boulding Carew , Moya Samantha L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Globalization is facing widespread condemnation at a time when worldwide crises ranging from climate change to pandemic policy increasingly demand a coordinated response. Rising nationalist, populist, and anti-globalization movements in many of the world's richest nations are placing great pressure on the international system pioneered by Western democracies following World War II. This special issue showcases new research on the sources and types of backlash. It also considers the consequences of this backlash for democracy, for international institutions and foreign policy. We aim to broaden the debate on the causes and consequences of rising populism and nationalism and offer unique perspectives on how and why the current international order is struggling to address the many global challenges in need of large-scale cooperative solutions.
Effects of management strategies during early lactation and weaning on etiological agents of ovine subclinical mastitis and antimicrobial susceptibility of milk-derived bacterial isolates
Authors: Knuth Ryan M , Woodruff Kelly L , Hummel Gwendolynn L , Williams Jordan D , Austin Kathleen J , Stewart Whitney C , Cunningham-Hollinger Hannah C , Bisha Bledar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is a common intramammary disease in sheep production systems. Expenses associated with compromised animal performance, therapeutic interventions, and decreased ewe longevity make efforts to minimize its prevalence worthwhile. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify the prevalence of subclinical mastitis throughout lactation, 2) evaluate the impact of bedding treatments on subclinical mastitis during early lactation, 3) evaluate the efficacy of prophylaxis and feed restriction during weaning on subclinical mastitis cure rates, and 4) identify levels and types of antimicrobial resistance in milk-derived bacteria. Ewe milk samples were collected at days 1, 2, and 28 post-partum, weaning, and 3-d post-weaning for bacterial identification via culture-based methods. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolates were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis defined by culture growth ranged between 22% and 66% and differences were observed between post-weaning and days 1 and 28 milk samples. Commonly isolated bacteria include coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 59%), Bacillus spp. (35%), Mannheimia haemolytica (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (8%), Streptococcus spp. (5%), and Corynebacterium spp. (5%). Early milk samples (days 1 and 2) were compared between jug bedding treatment: jugs were recently vacated, cleaned, and dusted with barn lime before adding fresh straw (CLEAN) or jugs were previously vacated and fresh straw was added atop soiled bedding (SOILED). Jug bedding treatment did not affect the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, though CoNS had greater sulfadimethoxine resistance in SOILED isolates than CLEAN isolates (P = 0.03). Three different weaning treatments were used: ewes were injected with penicillin at weaning (PENN), ewes had restricted feed access 48 h prior to and 72 h post-weaning (FAST), or a combination of these treatments (COMBO). Weaning treatment did not affect the prevalence of subclinical mastitis or cure rate from weaning to 3-d post-weaning, though all PENN and no FAST milk S. aureus isolates were resistant against tetracycline (P = 0.08). Subclinical mastitis prevalence tended to decrease from weaning to post-weaning (P = 0.08). These data show that subclinical mastitis is common throughout lactation and the levels of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from ewe milk are generally low against commonly used antimicrobials.
Application of UAV remote sensing and machine learning to model and map land use in urban gardens
Authors: Wagner Benjamin , Egerer Monika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urban gardens are an integral part of urban agricultural systems, contributing to ecosystem services, biodiversity and human wellbeing. These systems occur at fine scales, can be highly complex and therefore offer the opportunity to test mechanisms of ecological patterns and processes. The capacity to confidently characterize urban gardens and their land uses is still lacking, while it could provide the basis for assessing ecosystem service provision. Land classifications from remote sensing platforms are common at the landscape scale, but imagery often lacks the resolution required to map differences in land use of fine-scale systems such as urban gardens. Here, we present a workflow to model and map land use in urban gardens using imagery from an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) and machine learning. Due to high resolutions (&lt;5 cm) from image acquisition at low altitudes, UAV remote sensing is better suited to characterize urban land use. We mapped six common land uses in 10 urban community gardens, exhibiting distinct spatial arrangements. Our models had good predictive performance, reaching 80% overall prediction accuracy in independent validation and up to 95% when assessing model performance per cover class. Extracting spatial metrics from these land use classifications, we found that at the garden and plot scale, plant species richness can be estimated by the total area and patchiness of crops. Land use classifications like these can offer an accessible tool to assess complex urban habitats and justify the importance of urban agriculture as a service-providing system, contributing to the sustainability and livability of cities.
Sculpture and Faith at St Paul’s Cathedral, c. 1796–1914: F. J. Williamson, Monument to Henry Hart Milman (1876)
Authors: Howarth Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Milman’s monument represents the Dean as if he had just fallen asleep, with little reference either to death or resurrection. Milman was an historian and man of letters as well as Dean of St Paul’s, and the article argues that this monument reflects his latitudinarian tendency to regard sacred history with wise suspicion, but also to overlook the apocalyptic, world-interrupting demands of his own faith.
Post-COVID-19 vaccination inflammatory syndrome: A case report
Authors: Durucan Ibrahim , Guner Sabriye , Kilickiran Avci Burcak , Unverengil Gokcen , Melikoglu Melike , Ugurlu Serdal 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
A previously healthy 24-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic with bilateral lower extremity pain and dark urine, which were developed 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. Laboratory tests indicated rhabdomyolysis. Lower extremity magnetic resonance imaging was compatible with myositis. Myositis-related antibodies were negative. Biopsy taken from gastrocnemius muscle revealed muscle necrosis and striking expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. He was successfully treated, and his complaints were resolved. One week later at follow-up, he reported new-onset exertional dyspnoea with palpitations. ST-segment depressions were spotted on electrocardiography. Troponin T was found elevated as 0.595 ng/ml (normal &lt;0.014 ng/ml). Echocardiography showed a hypokinetic left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 40% and pericardial effusion of 2 mm. An appropriate treatment plan was formulated for the diagnosis of myocarditis, eventually, the patient recovered within 10 days. The BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine was felt to cause the aforementioned condition since no other aetiology could be identified. Although it is known that BNT162b2 may induce myocarditis, myositis concomitant myocarditis appears to be a very rare adverse effect of this vaccine.
Can 3D diploid genome reconstruction from unphased Hi-C data be salvaged?
Authors: Segal Mark R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) configuration of chromatin impacts numerous cellular processes. However, directly observing chromatin architecture at high resolution is challenging. Accordingly, inferring 3D structure utilizing chromatin conformation capture assays, notably Hi-C, has received considerable attention, with a multitude of reconstruction algorithms advanced. While these have enhanced appreciation of chromatin organization, most suffer from a serious shortcoming when faced with diploid genomes: inability to disambiguate contacts between corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes, making attendant reconstructions potentially meaningless. Three recent proposals offer a computational way forward at the expense of strong assumptions. Here, we show that making plausible assumptions about the components of homologous chromosome contacts provides a basis for rescuing conventional consensus-based, unphased reconstruction. This would be consequential since not only are assumptions needed for diploid reconstruction considerable, but the sophistication of select unphased algorithms affords substantive advantages with regard resolution and folding complexity. Rather than presuming that the requisite salvaging assumptions are met, we exploit a recent imaging technology, in situ genome sequencing (IGS), to comprehensively evaluate their reasonableness. We analogously use IGS to assess assumptions underpinning diploid reconstruction algorithms. Results convincingly demonstrate that, in all instances, assumptions are not met, making further algorithm development, potentially informed by IGS data, essential.
Diagnostic use of ultrasound in giant cell arteritis in Counties Manukau District Health Board, New Zealand
Authors: Nagarajah Rathan , Gupta Rajiv , Kumar Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
A retrospective observational study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity) of colour duplex ultrasound (CDUS) compared with temporal artery biopsy (TAB) for the diagnosis of GCA in the Counties Manukau District Health Board (CMDHB), New Zealand using clinical diagnosis as the reference standard.

Methods
The study population included patients with clinically suspected GCA who were referred to Middlemore Hospital and underwent CDUS, TAB or both between January 2019 and December 2020.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were included in the study. Sixty-one percent were &gt;75 years of age, with no cases &lt;50 years of age and a female predominance of 71%. The sensitivity of CDUS was 26% (95% CI 10, 48) and specificity was 97% (95% CI 84, 100). The sensitivity of TAB was 57% (95% CI 34, 77) and specificity was 100%. CDUS had a positive predictive value of 86% (95% CI 42, 99) and a negative predictive value of 65% (95% CI 49, 78).

Conclusion
A positive CDUS in patients with a high risk for GCA may preclude the need for TAB due to the high specificity of CDUS in GCA. In contrast, patients with a high risk for GCA with a negative CDUS may still need TAB to confirm or exclude GCA. The duration from commencement of steroids to the time of CDUS is crucial in confirming GCA and, for this, shortening the waiting time in the CMDHB would be necessary to ensure adequate test performance in practice.
Assessing EHR Data for Use in Clinical Improvement and Research
Authors: Lyons Ann M. , Dimas Jonathan , Richardson Stephanie J. , Sward Katherine 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:
Data from electronic health records (EHRs) are becoming accessible for use in clinical improvement projects and nursing research. But the data quality may not meet clinicians' and researchers' needs. EHR data, which are primarily collected to document clinical care, invariably contain errors and omissions. This article introduces nurses to the secondary analysis of EHR data, first outlining the steps in data acquisition and then describing a theory-based process for evaluating data quality and cleaning the data. This process involves methodically examining the data using six data quality dimensions—completeness, correctness, concordance, plausibility, currency, and relevance—and helps the clinician or researcher to determine whether data for each variable are fit for use. Two case studies offer examples of problems that can arise and their solutions.
Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Transsacral Fixation Constructs in a Type 61C, Zone II Pelvic Fracture Model
Authors: Bradley Hallie , Pierce Bill , O'Neill David , Jo Chan-Hee , Ahn Junho , Farahani Farzam , Greif Charlotte , Sanders Drew , Starr Adam 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
OTA/AO 61C pelvic ring injuries are vertically unstable because of complete sacral fractures combined with anterior ring injury. The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of 4 transsacral screw constructs for posterior pelvic ring fixation, including one that uses a novel fixation method with a pair of locked washers with interdigitating cams.

Methods:
Type C pelvic ring disruptions were created on 16 synthetic pelvis models. Each pelvis was fixated with an S2 screw in addition to being allocated to 1 of 4 transsacral constructs through S1: (1) 8.0-mm screw, (2) 8.0-mm bolt, (3) 8.0-mm screw locked with a nut, and (4) 8.00-mm screw locked with a nut with the addition of interdigitating washers between the screw head and ilium on the near cortex, and ilium and nut on the far cortex. The anterior ring fractures were not stabilized. Each pelvis underwent 100,000 cycles at 250 N and was then loaded to failure using a unilateral stance testing model. The anterior and posterior osteotomy sites were instrumented with pairs of infrared (IR) light-emitting markers, and the relative displacement of the markers was monitored using a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system. Displacement measurements at 25,000; 50,000; 75,000; and 100,000 cycles and failure force were recorded for each pelvis.

Results:
The novel washer design construct performed better than the screw construct with less posterior ring motion at 75,000 (P = 0.029) and 100,000 cycles (P = 0.029).

Conclusions:
The novel interdigitating washer design may be superior to using a screw construct alone to achieve rigid, locked posterior ring fixation in a synthetic pelvis model with a Type C pelvic ring disruption.
Trends in Management of Pediatric Distal Radius Buckle Fractures
Authors: Lindsay Sarah E. , Holmes Stephanie , Swarup Ishaan , Halsey Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Distal radius buckle fractures (DRBFx) represent nearly half of the pediatric wrist injuries. DRBFx are stable injury patterns that can typically be successfully managed with brief immobilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate opinions and preferences of pediatric orthopaedic specialists regarding the management of DRBFx.

Methods:
The POSNA Trauma Quality, Safety, and Value Initiative (QSVI) Committee developed a 20-question survey regarding the treatment of DRBFx in children. The survey was sent twice to all active and candidate POSNA members in June 2020 (n=1487). Questions focused on various aspects of treatment, including type and length of immobilization, follow-up, and radiographs and on potential concerns regarding patient/family satisfaction and pain control, medicolegal concerns, misdiagnosis, and mismanagement.

Results:
A total of 317 participants completed the survey (response rate=21.3%). In all, 69% of all respondents prefer to use a removable wrist splint, with 76% of those in practice <20 years preferring removable wrist splints compared with 51% of those in practice >20 years (χ2=21.7; P<0.01). Overall, 85% of participants utilize shared decision-making in discussing management options with patients and their families. The majority of participants felt that the risk of complications associated with DRBFx was very low, but concern for misdiagnosis and mismanagement have required some respondents to perform closed or open reductions.

Conclusions:
In 2020, the majority of respondents treat DRBFx with removable splints (69%) for 3 or fewer weeks (55%), minimal follow-up (85%), and no reimaging (64%). This marks a dramatic shift from the 2012 POSNA survey when only 29% of respondents used removable splinting for DRBFx.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Sacroiliac Joint Degeneration and Pain After Spinal Arthrodesis
Authors: Manzetti Marco , Ruffilli Alberto , Barile Francesca , Fiore Michele , Viroli Giovanni , Cappello Lorenzo , Faldini Cesare 
Published: May 2022

Study Design:
This was a systematic review.

Objective:
The present study aims to review the available literature concerning sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain and degeneration after lumbosacral fixation to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors.

Summary of Background Data:
Although numerous factors can predispose patients to SIJ degeneration and pain various clinical studies indicate lumbosacral arthrodesis as a major cause.

Materials and Methods:
The PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Embase Biomedical database were searched. Peer-reviewed comparative studies, cohort studies, case series studies and case control studies, conducted either in a retrospective or prospective design, that registered data about SIJ pain and degeneration after lumbosacral fixation were included.

Results:
Twenty-one studies including 2678 patients met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of SIJ pain after lumbosacral fixation diagnosed with injections and physical examination varied widely, from 3% to 90%. Among patients who underwent spinal fusion, SIJ pain prevalence was higher when arthrodesis was fixed compared with floating fusions (59% vs. 10%, P-value >0.05). The prevalence of SIJ degenerative changes at computed tomography scan was more frequent in patients who underwent spinal arthrodesis than in those who did not (75% vs. 38.2%, P-value ≤0.05).

Conclusion:
According to current evidence, patients who received lumbosacral fixation are at risk of SIJ pain. Number of fused levels, involvement of pelvis or sacrum in the arthrodesis area, inadequate lumbosacral sagittal alignment, and site of bone graft harvesting could be possible risk factor leading to sacroiliac degeneration and pain after lumbar spine fixation that should be investigated by physicians. However, there is a lack of homogeneity of the studies that address the problem, therefore, further prospective comparative studies, with a homogeneous architecture and cohorts are needed.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Comparison of the actual diameter of capsulotomy and predicted diameter of capsulotomy after femtosecond laser–assisted capsulotomy
Authors: Luo Wen Jing , Hu Shu Qiong , Wang Yong , Zheng Han song , Zhou Suo Wang , Ortega-Usobiaga Julio 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To compare the consistency between the actual diameter of capsulotomy (ADC) and the predicted diameter of capsulotomy (PDC) in femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and analyze the factors that influence the deviation of the diameter of capsulotomy (DDC) between the actual and predicted.

Setting:
Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, China.

Design:
Retrospective observational case series.

Methods:
Patients who underwent FLACS from March 2020 to March 2021 were reviewed. The ADC in FLACS was measured and compared with the PDC. The effects of age, sex, and biometrics on DDC were analyzed.

Results:
412 eyes of 336 patients were included. The mean age was 53.0 ± 0.91 years (range 3 to 91 years). When the PDC was set to 4.50 mm, the results showed that the ADC was 5.21 ± 0.21 mm with a significant difference between them (P < .05). However, when the PDC was set to 5.2 mm, the ADC was 5.10 ± 0.38 mm without a significant difference between them (P > .05). No correlation (P > .05) was found between the DDC and the axial length, the DDC and the anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the DDC and the mean keratometry (Km), but a negative correlation was found between the DDC and the lens thickness (LT) (r = −0.21; P < .05) and the DDC with age (r = −0.70; P < .05). Using curvilinear regression analysis, a development of an age-depending correction formula was predicted: ADC = PDC + 1.23 − 0.30 ln (x) (x = age ≥3) (R
2 = 0.65; F = 752.39; P = .00).

Conclusions:
The consistency of the ADC and PDC was influenced by age and LT. For patients aged 40 years or younger, the younger the patient, the wider the DDC; for patients older than 40 years, the DDC was small. The thicker the LT, the smaller the DDC.
The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/computed tomography in the management of prostate cancer patients: could we ask for more?
Authors: Mei Riccardo , Farolfi Andrea , Morigi Joshua James , Fanti Stefano 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Thanks to the development of novel PSMA-based peptides, molecular imaging, such as PET/CT paired with theranostic-based approaches have recently been proposed for treatment of prostate cancer. Patient selection, however, remains challenging because of the absence of strong prospective data to interpret and translate imaging scans into effective and well tolerated treatment regimens.

Recent findings
In this review, we discuss the latest findings in PSMA imaging in prostate cancer patients. Particularly, we go into detail into the impact of PSMA imaging on the treatment management in primary staging, biochemical recurrence and in advanced prostate cancer.

Summary
For primary prostate cancer staging, PSMA PET/CT seems crucial for primary therapy assessment, being able in some cases to detect lesions outside the surgical template, thus permitting a change in management. Moreover, N+ condition at PSMA has been correlated with a worse biochemical recurrence-free and therapy-free survival. The early detection of PSMA-positive findings in recurrent prostate cancer is associated with a better time to relapse survival. Similarly, for advanced prostate cancer patients, accurate restaging with PSMA imaging is gaining importance for early prediction of response to systemic therapies and to assure the best outcome possible. With regards to theranostics, appropriate selection of patients eligible for 177Lu-PSMA requires PSMA imaging, whereas the role of added FDG-PET for discriminating those with PSMA/FDG discordance needs to be further evaluated.
Review of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor therapies and their role in prostate cancer management
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Behzad , Srivastava Abhishek , Shore Neal 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
We review the published literature on the indications of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors, Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, combination therapies, and their evolution throughout the advanced prostate cancer continuum.

Recent findings
Enzalutamide trials have published data supporting its use in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Apalutamide trials have supported its indication for mHSPC and nmCRPC. Darolutamide trials currently support its use for nmCRPC. Abiraterone trials have supported its use in mCRPC and mHSPC. Olaparib and rucaparib have shown clinical benefit in heavily pretreated patients with mCRPC and DNA repair mutation genes.

Summary
Phase 3 trials and peer-reviewed literature demonstrate that enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide prolong overall survival (OS) in men with nmCRPC. Abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide improve OS in men with mHSPC. Abiraterone and enzalutamide have data supporting improvement in OS in men with mCRPC