bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neprilysins regulate muscle contraction and heart function via cleavage of SERCA-inhibitory micropeptides
Authors: Schiemann Ronja , Buhr Annika , Cordes Eva , Walter Stefan , Heinisch Jürgen J. , Ferrero Paola , Milting Hendrik , Paululat Achim , Meyer Heiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuscle contraction depends on strictly controlled Ca2+ transients within myocytes. A major player maintaining these transients is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA. Activity of SERCA is regulated by binding of micropeptides and impaired expression or function of these peptides results in cardiomyopathy. To date, it is not known how homeostasis or turnover of the micropeptides is regulated. Herein, we find that the Drosophila endopeptidase Neprilysin 4 hydrolyzes SERCA-inhibitory Sarcolamban peptides in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby ensuring proper regulation of SERCA. Cleavage is necessary and sufficient to maintain homeostasis and function of the micropeptides. Analyses on human Neprilysin, sarcolipin, and ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates that the regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. By identifying a neprilysin as essential regulator of SERCA activity and Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, these data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms that control muscle contraction and heart function in health and disease.
Structures of Atm1 provide insight into [2Fe-2S] cluster export from mitochondria
Authors: Li Ping , Hendricks Amber L. , Wang Yong , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin , Meloni Gabriele , Cowan J. A. , Wang Kaituo , Gourdon Pontus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn eukaryotes, iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors for numerous physiological processes, but these clusters are primarily biosynthesized in mitochondria. Previous studies suggest mitochondrial ABCB7-type exporters are involved in maturation of cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins. However, the molecular mechanism for how the ABCB7-type exporters participate in this process remains elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of a eukaryotic homolog of human ABCB7, CtAtm1, determined at average resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 Å, complemented by functional characterization and molecular docking in silico. We propose that CtAtm1 accepts delivery from glutathione-complexed iron-sulfur clusters. A partially occluded state links cargo-binding to residues at the mitochondrial matrix interface that line a positively charged cavity, while the binding region becomes internalized and is partially divided in an early occluded state. Collectively, our findings substantially increase the understanding of the transport mechanism of eukaryotic ABCB7-type proteins.
Cloning southern corn rust resistant gene RppK and its cognate gene AvrRppK from Puccinia polysora
Authors: Chen Gengshen , Zhang Bao , Ding Junqiang , Wang Hongze , Deng Ce , Wang Jiali , Yang Qianhui , Pi Qianyu , Zhang Ruyang , Zhai Haoyu , Dong Junfei , Huang Junshi , Hou Jiabao , Wu Junhua , Que Jiamin , Zhang Fan , Li Wenqiang , Min Haoxuan , Tabor Girma , Li Bailin , Liu Xiangguo , Zhao Jiuran , Yan Jianbing , Lai Zhibing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBroad-spectrum resistance has great values for crop breeding. However, its mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report the cloning of a maizeNLRgene,RppK, for resistance against southern corn rust (SCR) and its cognateAvrgene,AvrRppK, fromPuccinia polysora(the causal pathogen of SCR). TheAvrRppKgene has no sequence variation in all examined isolates. It has high expression level during infection and can suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Further, the introgression ofRppKinto maize inbred lines and hybrids enhances resistance against multiple isolates ofP. polysora, thereby increasing yield in the presence of SCR. Together, we show thatRppKis involved in resistance against multipleP. polysoraisolates and it can recognize AvrRppK, which is broadly distributed and conserved inP. polysoraisolates.
HSF1 phosphorylation establishes an active chromatin state via the TRRAP–TIP60 complex and promotes tumorigenesis
Authors: Fujimoto Mitsuaki , Takii Ryosuke , Matsumoto Masaki , Okada Mariko , Nakayama Keiich I. , Nakato Ryuichiro , Fujiki Katsunori , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Nakai Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscriptional regulation by RNA polymerase II is associated with changes in chromatin structure. Activated and promoter-bound heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) recruits transcriptional co-activators, including histone-modifying enzymes; however, the mechanisms underlying chromatin opening remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HSF1 recruits the TRRAP-TIP60 acetyltransferase complex in HSP72 promoter during heat shock in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of HSF1-S419. TRIM33, a bromodomain-containing ubiquitin ligase, is then recruited to the promoter by interactions with HSF1 and a TIP60-mediated acetylation mark, and cooperates with the related factor TRIM24 for mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B on K120. These changes in histone modifications are triggered by phosphorylation of HSF1-S419 via PLK1, and stabilize the HSF1-transcription complex in HSP72 promoter. Furthermore, HSF1-S419 phosphorylation is constitutively enhanced in and promotes proliferation of melanoma cells. Our results provide mechanisms for HSF1 phosphorylation-dependent establishment of an active chromatin status, which is important for tumorigenesis.
Organic covalent modification to improve thermoelectric properties of TaS2
Authors: Wang Shaozhi , Yang Xiao , Hou Lingxiang , Cui Xueping , Zheng Xinghua , Zheng Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are attracting considerable attention as a new thermoelectric material because of their molecular diversity, non-toxicity and easy processing. The side chains which are introduced into two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by covalent modification lead to a significant decrease in their thermal conductivity. Here, we describe a simple approach to preparing the side chains covalent modification TaS2 (SCCM-TaS2) organic/inorganic hybrid structures, which is a homogeneous and non-destructive technique that does not depend on defects and boundaries. Electrical conductivity of 3,401 S cm−1 and a power factor of 0.34 mW m−1 K−2 are obtained for a hybrid material of SCCM-TaS2, with an in-plane thermal conductivity of 4.0 W m−1 K−1, which is 7 times smaller than the thermal conductivity of the pristine TaS2 crystal. The power factor and low thermal conductivity contribute to a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of ~0.04 at 443 K.
TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from activation of the testicular pathway
Authors: Rossitto Moïra , Déjardin Stephanie , Rands Chris M. , Le Gras Stephanie , Migale Roberta , Rafiee Mahmoud-Reza , Neirijnck Yasmine , Pruvost Alain , Nguyen Anvi Laetitia , Bossis Guillaume , Cammas Florence , Le Gallic Lionel , Wilhelm Dagmar , Lovell-Badge Robin , Boizet-Bonhoure Brigitte , Nef Serge , Poulat Francis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGonadal sexual fate in mammals is determined during embryonic development and must be actively maintained in adulthood. In the mouse ovary, oestrogen receptors and FOXL2 protect ovarian granulosa cells from transdifferentiation into Sertoli cells, their testicular counterpart. However, the mechanism underlying their protective effect is unknown. Here, we show that TRIM28 is required to prevent female-to-male sex reversal of the mouse ovary after birth. We found that upon loss ofTrim28, ovarian granulosa cells transdifferentiate to Sertoli cells through an intermediate cell type, different from gonadal embryonic progenitors. TRIM28 is recruited on chromatin in the proximity of FOXL2 to maintain the ovarian pathway and to repress testicular-specific genes. The role of TRIM28 in ovarian maintenance depends on its E3-SUMO ligase activity that regulates the sex-specific SUMOylation profile of ovarian-specific genes. Our study identifies TRIM28 as a key factor in protecting the adult ovary from the testicular pathway.
Tryptophan C-mannosylation is critical for Plasmodium falciparum transmission
Authors: Lopaticki Sash , McConville Robyn , John Alan , Geoghegan Niall , Mohamed Shihab Deen , Verzier Lisa , Steel Ryan W. J. , Evelyn Cindy , O’Neill Matthew T. , Soler Niccolay Madiedo , Scott Nichollas E. , Rogers Kelly L. , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Boddey Justin A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTryptophan C-mannosylation stabilizes proteins bearing a thrombospondin repeat (TSR) domain in metazoans. Here we show thatPlasmodium falciparumexpresses a DPY19 tryptophan C-mannosyltransferase in the endoplasmic reticulum and thatDPY19-deficiency abolishes C-glycosylation, destabilizes members of the TRAP adhesin family and inhibits transmission to mosquitoes. ImagingP. falciparumgametogenesis in its entirety in four dimensions using lattice light-sheet microscopy reveals defects in ΔDPY19gametocyte egress and exflagellation. While egress is diminished, ΔDPY19microgametes still fertilize macrogametes, forming ookinetes, but these are abrogated for mosquito infection. The gametogenesis defects correspond with destabilization of MTRAP, which we show is C-mannosylated inP. falciparum, and the ookinete defect is concordant with defective CTRP secretion on the ΔDPY19background. Genetic complementation ofDPY19restores ookinete infectivity, sporozoite production and C-mannosylation activity. Therefore, tryptophan C-mannosylation by DPY19 ensures TSR protein quality control at two lifecycle stages for successful transmission of the human malaria parasite.
CO-tolerant RuNi/TiO2 catalyst for the storage and purification of crude hydrogen
Authors: Wang Zhaohua , Dong Chunyang , Tang Xuan , Qin Xuetao , Liu Xingwu , Peng Mi , Xu Yao , Song Chuqiao , Zhang Jie , Liang Xuan , Dai Sheng , Ma Ding 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen storage by means of catalytic hydrogenation of suitable organic substrates helps to elevate the volumetric density of hydrogen energy. In this regard, utilizing cheaper industrial crude hydrogen to fulfill the goal of hydrogen storage would show economic attraction. However, because CO impurities in crude hydrogen can easily deactivate metal active sites even in trace amounts such a process has not yet been realized. Here, we develop a robust RuNi/TiO2 catalyst that enables the efficient hydrogenation of toluene to methyl-cyclohexane under simulated crude hydrogen feeds with 1000–5000 ppm CO impurity at around 180 °C under atmospheric pressure. We show that the co-localization of Ru and Ni species during reduction facilitated the formation of tightly coupled metallic Ru-Ni clusters. During the catalytic hydrogenation process, due to the distinct bonding properties, Ru and Ni served as the active sites for CO methanation and toluene hydrogenation respectively. Our work provides fresh insight into the effective utilization and purification of crude hydrogen for the future hydrogen economy.
Balanced gene dosage control rather than parental origin underpins genomic imprinting
Authors: Weinberg-Shukron Ariella , Ben-Yair Raz , Takahashi Nozomi , Dunjić Marko , Shtrikman Alon , Edwards Carol A. , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. , Stelzer Yonatan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMammalian parental imprinting represents an exquisite form of epigenetic control regulating the parent-specific monoallelic expression of genes in clusters. While imprinting perturbations are widely associated with developmental abnormalities, the intricate regional interplay between imprinted genes makes interpreting the contribution of gene dosage effects to phenotypes a challenging task. Using mouse models with distinct deletions in an intergenic region controlling imprinting across the Dlk1-Dio3 domain, we link changes in genetic and epigenetic states to allelic-expression and phenotypic outcome in vivo. This determined how hierarchical interactions between regulatory elements orchestrate robust parent-specific expression, with implications for non-imprinted gene regulation. Strikingly, flipping imprinting on the parental chromosomes by crossing genotypes of complete and partial intergenic element deletions rescues the lethality of each deletion on its own. Our work indicates that parental origin of an epigenetic state is irrelevant as long as appropriate balanced gene expression is established and maintained at imprinted loci.
Ranking the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions to counter COVID-19 in UK universities with vaccinated population
Authors: Niu Zirui , Scarciotti Giordano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral universities around the world have resumed in-person teaching after successful vaccination campaigns have covered 70/80% of the population. In this study, we combine a new compartmental model with an optimal control formulation to discover, among different non-pharmaceutical interventions, the best prevention strategy to maximize on-campus activities while keeping spread under control. Composed of two interconnected Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered (SEIQR) structures, the model enables staff-to-staff infections, student-to-staff cross infections, student-to-student infections, and environment-to-individual infections. Then, we model input variables representing the implementation of different non-pharmaceutical interventions and formulate and solve optimal control problems for four desired scenarios: minimum number of cases, minimum intervention, minimum non-quarantine intervention, and minimum quarantine intervention. Our results reveal the particular significance of mask wearing and social distancing in universities with vaccinated population (with proportions according to UK data). The study also reveals that quarantining infected students has a higher importance than quarantining staff. In contrast, other measures such as environmental disinfection seems to be less important.
Covariation in the recognition of own-race and other-race faces argues against the role of group bias in the other race effect
Authors: Wang Ao , Laming Craig , Andrews Timothy J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA dominant theory of the other race effect (ORE) is that group-bias causes us to process own-race and other-race faces using different cognitive processes. To test this theory, we measured individual differences across two face recognition tasks. Our predictions were that the magnitude and pattern of performance on own-race faces would not predict performance on other-race faces and that participants would take more time with own-race faces. In a face matching task, we found that participants were more accurate with own-race faces compared to other-race faces. However, performance on own-race faces was highly correlated with performance on other-race faces. In a face sorting task, participants made fewer piles and fewer errors (i.e. higher accuracy) with own-race faces compared to other-race faces. However, we again found that performance on own-race faces was highly correlated with performance on other-race faces. The covariation in performance between own-race and other-race faces suggests that they engage similar perceptual processes. Finally, we found that participants did not spend more time on tasks involving own-race faces suggesting that different levels of motivation do not explain the ORE. Together, these findings argue against the idea that group bias leads to different perceptual processing of own-race and other-race faces.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Guilluy G. , Giacobbe P. , Carleo I. , Cubillos P. E. , Sozzetti A. , Bonomo A. S. , Brogi M. , Gandhi S. , Fossati L. , Nascimbeni V. , Turrini D. , Schisano E. , Borsa F. , Lanza A. F. , Mancini L. , Maggio A. , Malavolta L. , Micela G. , Pino L. , Rainer M. , Bignamini A. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Desidera S. , Fiorenzano A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lorenzi V. , Knapic C. , Molinari E. , Pacetti E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. 
Published: July 2022

Context. The field of exo-atmospheric characterisation is progressing at an extraordinary pace. Atmospheric observations are now available for tens of exoplanets, mainly hot and warm inflated gas giants, and new molecular species continue to be detected, revealing a richer atmospheric composition than previously expected. Thanks to its warm equilibrium temperature (963 ± 18 K) and low density (0.219 ± 0.031 g cm−3), the close-in gas giant WASP-69b represents a golden target for atmospheric characterisation.
Aims. With the aim of searching for molecules in the atmosphere of WASP-69b and investigating its properties, we performed high-resolution transmission spectroscopy with the GIANO-B near-infrared spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo.
Methods. We observed three transit events of WASP-69b. During a transit, the planetary lines are Doppler-shifted due to the large change in the planet’s radial velocity, allowing us to separate the planetary signal from the quasi-stationary telluric and stellar spectrum.
Results. Considering the three nights together, we report the detection of CH4, NH3, CO, C2H2, and H2O, at more than a 3.3a- level. We did not identify the presence of HCN or CO2 with confidence a level higher than 3a. This is the first time that five molecules have been simultaneously detected in the atmosphere of a warm giant planet. These results suggest that the atmosphere of WASP-69b is possibly carbon-rich and characterised by the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.
Using a Sociotechnical Model to Understand Challenges with Sepsis Recognition among Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Karavite Dean J. , Harris Mary Catherine , Grundmeier Robert Wayne , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Shaeffer Gerald P. , Muthu Naveen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to apply a sociotechnical model to the requirements phase of implementing a machine learning algorithm-based system to support sepsis recognition in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods We incorporated components from the sociotechnical model, Safety in Engineering for Patient Safety 2.0, in three requirements phase activities: (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) user profiles, and (3) system use cases.
Results Thirty-one neonatal intensive care unit clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews (11 nurses, 10 front line ordering clinician, five fellows, and five attending physician). Interview transcripts were coded and then compiled into themes deductively based on components from the sociotechnical model (persons, environment, organization, tasks, tools and technology, collaboration, and outcomes). The interview analysis was used to create four user profiles defining responsibilities in sepsis recognition, team collaboration, and attributes relevant to sepsis recognition. Two user profiles (nurse, front line ordering clinician) included variants based on experience relevant to sepsis recognition. The interview analysis was used to develop three system use cases representing clinical sepsis scenarios. Each use case defines the precondition, actors, and high-level sequence of actions, and includes variants based on sociotechnical works system factors that can complicate sepsis recognition. The interview analysis, user profiles, and use cases serve as the foundation for supporting sociotechnical design to all subsequent human-centered design methods including subject recruitment, formative design, summative user testing, and simulation testing.
Conclusion Integration of the sociotechnical model-guided requirements gathering activities, analysis, and deliverables by framing a range of sociotechnical components and the interconnectedness of these components in the broader work system. Applying the sociotechnical model resulted in discovering work system, process, and outcome requirements that would otherwise be difficult to capture, or missed entirely, using traditional requirements gathering methods or approaches to clinical decision support design.
Duffing-type digitally programmable nonlinear synthetic inductance for piezoelectric structures
Authors: Alfahmi Obaidullah , Sugino Christopher , Erturk Alper 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric shunt damping techniques using linear circuits (e.g. resistive-inductive) and switching circuits (e.g. synchronized switch on inductor) have been extremely well studied for suppressing resonant vibrations in flexible structures. Both analog circuits and synthetic impedance circuits with digital control have been explored for linear concepts. In a parallel body of work, from the domain of mechanical methods of vibration attenuation, it is also known that leveraging nonlinearities (e.g. stiffness nonlinearity) can enhance the frequency bandwidth and offer amplitude-dependent suppression over a range of frequencies. However, the existing piezoelectric shunt damping techniques have been mostly limited to linear or switching nonlinear circuits, with the exception of a few nonlinear capacitance efforts. This work aims to introduce cubic inductance to emulate Duffing-type hardening nonlinearity in the shunt circuit with precise digital programming and tuning capability. Experiments are performed on a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever under base excitation for concept demonstration and model validation. First, linear frequency response functions of the cantilever are obtained for the short- and open-circuit conditions, and for linear resistive-inductive synthetic shunt damping, to confirm the standard linear behavior and electromechanical model parameters. Then, cubic inductance is introduced to the circuit and nonlinear experiments (up- and down-frequency sweep) are conducted. Cantilever tip to base motion transmissibility frequency response is measured along with piezoelectric voltage to base motion counterpart for a range of base excitation amplitudes. The distortion of the frequency response curves with increased base acceleration levels is observed. The nonlinear cubic coefficient is then varied to alter the manifestation of nonlinear frequency response at a given base excitation level, demonstrating the ease of tuning and triggering the nonlinear behavior on demand by means of the digitally-controlled synthetic impedance shunt. Nonlinear electromechanical model simulations are also validated against the experiments, yielding a very good agreement.