bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Modulation‐Guided Growth of 2D Tellurides with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Lan Haihui , Wang Luyang , Li Yilin , Deng Shugang , Yue Yanan , Zhang Tianzhu , Zhang Shunping , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltralow thermal conductivity materials have triggered much interest due to diverse applications in thermal insulation, thermal barrier coating, and especially thermoelectrics. Two dimensional (2D) indium tellurides with ultralow thermal conductivity provide a versatile platform for tailoring the heat transfer, exploring new candidates for thermoelectrics, and achieving miniature, lightweight, and highly integrated devices. Unfortunately, their nanostructure and structure‐related heat transfer properties at a 2D scale are much less studied due to difficulties in material fabrication. The ionic character between interlayers and strong covalent bonds in 3D directions impede the anisotropic growth of indium telluride flakes; meanwhile, the low environmental stability and chemical reactivity of tellurium also limit the fabrication of high‐quality tellurides, thus hindering the exploration of thermal transport properties. Here, a self‐modulation‐guided growth strategy to synthesize high‐quality 2D In4Te3 single crystals with ultralow thermal conductivity (0.47 W m−1 K−1) is developed. This strategy can also be extended to synthesize a series of highly crystallized metal tellurides, providing excellent candidates for further application in thermoelectrics.
Flexible wearable devices for intelligent health monitoring
Authors: Dai Baoying , Gao Chenchen , Xie Yannan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProfited from the rapid development of flexible skin‐like electronic materials and artificial intelligent technology, remarkable achievements have been witnessed in wearable health monitoring devices in recent years. The wearable intelligent systems featured with tailored structures and compositions as well as enriched functions enable human beings to access to next‐generation closed‐loop platform for early disease prevention and diagnosis. In this context, this mini‐review focuses on the recent progress and applications of flexible wearable intelligent health monitoring devices. Specifically, the basic sensing mechanisms and corresponding property requirements for wearable healthcare devices are examined firstly. Secondly, the versatile applications of advanced wearable devices for detecting temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and glucose are scrutinized exclusively. Finally, a brief summary is presented accompanying with future outlook in terms of material preparation, mechanism development and integration design of monitoring systems. This manuscript is expected to provide critical guidelines to those working in skin‐like electronics, flexible sensors, wearable intelligent devices, health monitoring and other related disciplines, especially for the beginners.
Occurrence of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in sheep on smallholdings in Bangladesh
Authors: Gupta Mukta Das , Sen Arup , Shaha Mishuk , Dutta Avijit , Das Ashutosh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundShiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a significant concern with the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Close human contact might have a higher chance of being transmitted to humans from sheep if the sheep population is a potential reservoir of antimicrobial‐resistant STEC. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the sheep population in rural Bangladesh for antimicrobial‐resistant STEC.MethodsWe screened 200 faecal samples collected from sheep in three Upazilas from the Chattogram district. Randomisation of sampling was not performed due to the smaller flock size (two to six animals per smallholding). Phenotypically positive E. coli isolates were examined for two Shiga toxin‐producing genes – stx1 and stx2. PCR‐positive STEC isolates were investigated for the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes – blaTEM, sul1 and sul2.ResultsIn total, 123 of the 200 tested samples were confirmed positive E. coli using culture‐based methods. PCR results show 17 (13.8%) E. coli isolates harboured ≥ one virulent gene (stx1 or/and stx2) of STEC. The AMR profile of STEC isolates was determined utilising the disc diffusion method. Of the STEC isolates, 82, 76, 71 and 71% were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. In contrast, 47% of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and 41% were resistant to amoxicillin. In addition, six of the tested STEC isolates exhibited the blaTEM gene; eight STEC isolates had the sul1 gene, and the sul2 gene was detected in ten STEC isolates.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal a substantial percentage of STEC isolated from sheep in rural Bangladesh harbouring AMR genes.
Phosphorus sorption characteristics and interactions with leaf litter-derived dissolved organic matter leachate in iron-rich sediments of a sub-tropical ephemeral stream
Authors: Iles Jordan A. , Pettit Neil E. , Donn Michael J. , Grierson Pauline F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) additions on phosphate sorption kinetics of iron-rich sediments (39–50% hematite and goethite) from an ephemeral stream in the arid Pilbara region of sub-tropical northwest Australia. While phosphate sorption in stream sediments is known to be strongly influenced by sediment mineralogy as well as interactions with DOM, the mechanisms and significance of DOM on P-release from sediments with high sorption capacities, are largely undescribed. We assessed phosphorus (P) sorption behaviours by adding a range of solutions of known inorganic P concentrations that were amended with variable loadings of DOM derived from leachates of leaf litter to sediments from stream pools during the non-flowing phase. We compared the sorption capacity of the sediments and concurrent changes in DOM composition measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. We show that the low-dose DOM addition (~ 4 mg L−1 DOC) had the effect of reducing sediment P adsorption capacity, while for the high-dose DOM addition (~ 45 mg L−1 DOC), it was increased. The high-dose DOM was similar to pore water DOC and likely saturated sediment surface adsorption sites and produced P–OM–Fe complexes. This resulted in increased removal of P from solution. Sediment P sorption characteristics were well fitted to both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models regardless of DOC concentration. Langmuir P sorption maxima ranged from 0.106 to 0.152 mg g−1. General P sorption characteristics of these iron-rich sediments did not differ among pools of contrasting hydrological connectivity. Our results show how humic-rich DOM can modulate the sediment P availability in dryland streams. Unravelling the complexities of P availability is of particular significance to further our understanding of biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems where P often acts as a limiting nutrient.
Gender match and negotiation: evidence from angel investment on Shark Tank
Authors: Jetter Michael , Stockley Kieran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing comprehensive data of 4893 interactions from the popular television show Shark Tank, we test whether gender match with entrepreneurs correlates with investors’ likelihood to extend funding offers. We find female investors are 35% more likely to engage with female (rather than male) entrepreneurs, while less systematic gender preferences emerge for male investors. Heterogeneity analyses suggest this result remains exclusive to non-male-dominated product categories, lending support to the industry representation hypothesis. We also find it is exclusive to ventures with lower asking valuations. Estimates are robust to the inclusion of a comprehensive set of control variables (such as asking valuation, investor-, and season-fixed effects) and a range of alternative specifications.
Comparison of long-term bowel symptoms after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy versus abdominal radical hysterectomy in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: He Ruiju , Xue Yiwei , Zhuang Xinrong , Wang Huizhong , Lu Ye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective of this study was to compare the long-term bowel symptoms between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods
A total of 207 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy (79 underwent LRH and 128 underwent ARH) at Peking University First Hospital from January 2010 to August 2020 were enrolled and their bowel symptoms were investigated using the Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory-8 (CRADI-8) of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20. The prevalence and severity of bowel symptoms were compared in the LRH and ARH groups, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with bowel symptoms.

Results
There was no difference in the CRADI-8 scores between the two groups. However, the prevalence of straining at stool was significantly higher in the ARH group than in the LRH group (19.5% versus 1.3%, p<0.001), and the score was significantly higher in the ARH group than in the LRH group too (0.4 versus 0, p<0.001). The prevalence of incomplete defecation was significantly higher in the ARH group than in the LRH group (13.3% versus 3.8%, p=0.029), and the ARH group also had a significantly higher score than the LRH group (0.3 versus 0.1, p=0.028). Multivariate analysis showed that ARH and postoperative interval were independent risk factors for the development of straining at stool.

Conclusions
Patients with cervical cancer who underwent ARH may be more likely to develop symptoms related to constipation than those who underwent LRH. This finding has to be interpreted with caution owing to the study design.
The effects of AUT00206, a novel Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, on task-based reward system activation: a test of mechanism in schizophrenia
Authors: Kaar Stephen J. , Angelescu Ilinca , Nour Matthew M. , Marques Tiago Reis , Sharman Alice , Sajjala Anil , Hutchison John , McGuire Philip , Large Charles , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiology of schizophrenia involves abnormal reward processing, thought to be due to disrupted striatal and dopaminergic function. Consistent with this hypothesis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task report hypoactivation in the striatum during reward anticipation in schizophrenia. Dopamine neuron activity is modulated by striatal GABAergic interneurons. GABAergic interneuron firing rates, in turn, are related to conductances in voltage-gated potassium 3.1 (Kv3.1) and 3.2 (Kv3.2) channels, suggesting that targeting Kv3.1/3.2 could augment striatal function during reward processing. Here, we studied the effect of a novel potassium Kv3.1/3.2 channel modulator, AUT00206, on striatal activation in patients with schizophrenia, using the MID task. Each participant completed the MID during fMRI scanning on two occasions: once at baseline, and again following either 4 weeks of AUT00206 or placebo treatment. We found a significant inverse relationship at baseline between symptom severity and reward anticipation-related neural activation in the right associative striatum (r = -0.461, p = 0.035). Following treatment with AUT00206, there was a significant increase in reward anticipation-related activation in the left associative striatum (t(13) = 4.23, peak-level p(FWE) < 0.05)), but no significant effect in the ventral striatum. This provides preliminary evidence that the Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, AUT00206, may address reward-related striatal abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Site-specific carbon isotope measurements of vanillin reference materials by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
Authors: Le Phuong Mai , Martineau Estelle , Akoka Serge , Remaud Gerald , Chartrand Michelle M. G. , Meija Juris , Mester Zoltán 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVanillin, one of the world’s most popular flavor used in food and pharmaceutical industries, is extracted from vanilla beans or obtained (bio)-synthetically. The price of natural vanillin is considerably higher than that of its synthetic alternative which leads increasingly to counterfeit vanillin. Here, we describe the workflow of combining carbon isotope ratio combustion mass spectrometry with quantitative carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C-qNMR) to obtain carbon isotope measurements traceable to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) with 0.7‰ combined standard uncertainty (or expanded uncertainty of 1.4‰ at 95% confidence level). We perform these measurements on qualified Bruker 400 MHz instruments to certify site-specific carbon isotope delta values in two vanillin materials, VANA-1 and VANB-1, believed to be the first intramolecular isotopic certified reference material (CRMs).Graphical abstract
Internistische Differenzialdiagnosen bei akuten Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Thalmann Nicolas F. , Rimensberger Caroline , Blum Manuel R. , Liechti Fabian D. , Wertli Maria M. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Mehrheit der Patienten mit akuten Rückenschmerzen weist keine schwerwiegende, zugrunde liegende Erkrankung auf. Viele internistische Erkrankungen können sich jedoch mit akuten oder chronischen Rückenschmerzen manifestieren. In der Beurteilung von Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen sind daher die Anamnese und die klinische Untersuchung wichtig, um Hinweise auf eine allfällige, zugrunde liegende Erkrankung zu erfassen. Insbesondere Alarmzeichen, die auf eine akute und lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung hinweisen, sollten dabei nicht verpasst werden. Meist ist bei fehlendem Vorliegen von entsprechenden Alarmzeichen, Risikofaktoren oder klinischen Hinweisen keine systematische Suche von internistischen Grunderkrankungen nötig. Nachfolgend sind die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen und klinischen Hinweise sowie Alarmsymptome zusammengefasst.
Associations between organised leisure-time activities and mental health problems in children
Authors: Boelens Mirte , Smit Michel S. , Windhorst Dafna A. , Jonkman Harrie J. , Hosman Clemens M. H. , Raat Hein , Jansen Wilma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies conducted mainly among adolescents have found associations between participation in sport organised leisure-time activities (OLTAs) and mental health problems (MHP). Fewer research studies have been performed to primary school-aged children and to organised non-sport OLTAs. Therefore, the objective is to examine whether there is an association between participation in sport and non-sport OLTAs and a high risk of MHP in 4- to 12-year-olds. Data were used on 5010 children from a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted between May and July 2018 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Associations between sport OLTAs, non-sport OLTAs and breadth of OLTAs and a high risk of MHP were explored using logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, stressful life events and physical activity. Of all children, 58% participated in sport OLTAs and 22% in non-sport OLTAs. The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in sport OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.81). The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in non-sport OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.91). The proportion of children with a high risk of MHP among participants in 1 category of OLTAs (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.76) and in 2–5 categories of OLTAs (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71) is smaller than among non-participants. Conclusion: The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants.

What is Known:• Around 10–-20% of children and adolescents experiences mental health problems.• Sport organised leisure-time activities have been found to be associated with a lower risk of mental health problems in adolescents.

What is New:• The proportion of children with a high risk of mental health problems in participants in organised leisure-time activities is smaller than among non-participants.• The proportion of children with a high risk of mental health problems in participants with a higher breadth of organised leisure-time activities is smaller compared to non-participants.
Die Finanzpolitik kann nicht alle entlasten
Authors: Boysen-Hogrefe Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coming relief packages should be precisely targeted in the form of transfers for those on low incomes. In times of inflation, the efficiency of government fiscal policy is of particular importance. Additional spending projects should be critically examined accordingly. In the face of acute shortages, it may be plausible to postpone projects. Recent developments in commodity markets suggest that some shortages may not be permanent. The possibility that some of the calamities are temporary argues for not betting on new taxes now. An increase in the tax ratio that allows for a temporarily more progressive design of the tax and transfer system is already endogenous. To this end, however, the “cold progression” should not be dismantled (as has been customary in recent years), as this would probably constitute an expansionary impulse in itself in the coming year.
Wirkung der Energiesteuersenkung auf Kraftstoff preise
Authors: Brühl Volker 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe German federal government intended to alleviate the burden of increasing fuel prices by introducing a temporary reduction of energy taxes on gasoline and diesel. In order to evaluate the impact of this measure on consumer prices at the filling stations the development of procurement costs for crude oil as well as the downstream development of refinery and distribution margins have to be taken into account. It turns out that about 80 % of the tax reduction has been passed on to end consumers on and around the effective date of the tax relief. However, within the first month the impact of the tax reduction has been wiped out for diesel completely as the gross margin of the mineral oil groups have substantially improved since then. On the other hand, for gasoline (E10) at least part of the impact can still be observed as the initial margin improvement has come down in the meantime. For a detailed analysis the German antitrust authority should look into the pricing algorithms of all 14,000 filling stations in Germany.
Hierarchical reinforcement learning for efficient and effective automated penetration testing of large networks
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed C. , Chen Thomas M. , Nepomuceno Erivelton G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPenetration testing (PT) is a method for assessing and evaluating the security of digital assets by planning, generating, and executing possible attacks that aim to discover and exploit vulnerabilities. In large networks, penetration testing becomes repetitive, complex and resource consuming despite the use of automated tools. This paper investigates reinforcement learning (RL) to make penetration testing more intelligent, targeted, and efficient. The proposed approach called Intelligent Automated Penetration Testing Framework (IAPTF) utilizes model-based RL to automate sequential decision making. Penetration testing tasks are treated as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) which is solved with an external POMDP-solver using different algorithms to identify the most efficient options. A major difficulty encountered was solving large POMDPs resulting from large networks. This was overcome by representing networks hierarchically as a group of clusters and treating each cluster separately. This approach is tested through simulations of networks of various sizes. The results show that IAPTF with hierarchical network modeling outperforms previous approaches as well as human performance in terms of time, number of tested vectors and accuracy, and the advantage increases with the network size. Another advantage of IAPTF is the ease of repetition for retesting similar networks, which is often encountered in real PT. The results suggest that IAPTF is a promising approach to offload work from and ultimately replace human pen testing.
Strategies to assemble therapeutic and imaging molecules into inorganic nanocarriers
Authors: Haque Sheikh Tanzina , Banaszak Holl Mark M. , Chowdhury Ezharul Hoque 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInorganic nanocarriers are potent candidates for delivering conventional anticancer drugs, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, and imaging agents, influencing their blood half-lives, tumor targetability, and bioactivity. In addition to the high surface area-to-volume ratio, they exhibit excellent scalability in synthesis, controllable shape and size, facile surface modification, inertness, stability, and unique optical and magnetic properties. However, only a limited number of inorganic nanocarriers have been so far approved for clinical applications due to burst drug release, poor target specificity, and toxicity. To overcome these barriers, understanding the principles involved in loading therapeutic and imaging molecules into these nanoparticles (NPs) and the strategies employed in enhancing sustainability and targetability of the resultant complexes and ensuring the release of the payloads in extracellular and intracellular compartments of the target site is of paramount importance. Therefore, we will shed light on various loading mechanisms harnessed for different inorganic NPs, particularly involving physical entrapment into porous/hollow nanostructures, ionic interactions with native and surface-modified NPs, covalent bonding to surface-functionalized nanomaterials, hydrophobic binding, affinity-based interactions, and intercalation through co-precipitation or anion exchange reaction.
A Collaboratively-Derived Research Agenda for E-assessment in Undergraduate Mathematics
Authors: Kinnear George , Jones Ian , Sangwin Chris , Alarfaj Maryam , Davies Ben , Fearn Sam , Foster Colin , Heck André , Henderson Karen , Hunt Tim , Iannone Paola , Kontorovich Igor’ , Larson Niclas , Lowe Tim , Meyer John Christopher , O’Shea Ann , Rowlett Peter , Sikurajapathi Indunil , Wong Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the collaborative development of an agenda for research on e-assessment in undergraduate mathematics. We built on an established approach to develop the agenda from the contributions of 22 mathematics education researchers, university teachers and learning technologists interested in this topic. The resulting set of 55 research questions are grouped into 5 broad themes: errors and feedback, student interactions with e-assessment, design and implementation choices, affordances offered by e-assessment tools, and mathematical skills. This agenda gives a framework for a programme of research aligned with practical concerns that will contribute to both theoretical and practical development.