bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study relating genotype profiles with race performance in racing pigeons
Authors: Kolvenbag Geert , Scott Mark , de Kloet Arne , de Kloet Ed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This is a prospective study to investigate the impact of genotype profiles on race performance in racing pigeons. Genotypes studied included lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), dopamine receptor (DRD), myostatin (MSTN), and feather keratin (F-KER), as well as demographic factors such as gender, color, and the mtDNA. This study shows differences within genotypes DRD456 (P = 0.027) and F-KER (P = 0.018). For DRD456, race coefficients were lower (= better performance) for genotype CT. For F-KER, race coefficients were lower for GG, overall, while within the F-KER TT genotype race performance was best at longer distances. After including Queen L mtDNA in the model, both the effects of F-KER and DRD456 remained significant. The effect of Queen L mtDNA alone was significant (P = 0.004) and mainly driven by the effect in short distance races. In addition, birds with the checker color check had a lower race coefficient than birds with the color blue bar (P = 0.0012). Also, this effect was independently significant and remained significant in the multivariate analysis. No differences in race coefficients were seen between genotypes for LDHA and MSTN nor for the demographic factor of gender. While individual factors were related to differences in race performance, and although one could be tempted to favor a bird with DRD4 CCCT–F-KER TT–LDHA AB–checker color for long distance races, further and larger prospective studies including birds unrelated to our family of birds will be needed to confirm our findings and to determine a superior profile including multiple genetic factors.
Schulbezogene Einstellungen von Kindern aus bildungsfernen Milieus in der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Klopsch Britta , Rohlfs Carsten 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Distanzlernen im Lockdown benachteiligt, darin besteht weitgehend Konsens, insbesondere Kinder und Jugendliche aus bildungsfernen Milieus. Die Schere zwischen Privilegierten und Zurückgelassenen, die in Deutschland ohnehin stark geöffnet ist, weitet sich durch die COVID-19-Pandemie immer deutlicher. Empirische Belege für diesen pandemiebedingten Wirkzusammenhang sind allerdings noch wenig belastbar, und selten werden in den entsprechenden Untersuchungen Schüler:innen selbst befragt und noch weniger solche, die an Schulen in herausfordernder Lage unterrichtet werden. Vorliegender Beitrag referiert eine quantitative Studie an Grundschulen in besonders benachteiligter Umgebung während des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2021 und fragt nach individuellen Einstellungen, Haltungen und Lernerfahrungen der Schüler:innen während des Homeschoolings. Ziel war es, nicht pauschalisierend eine Gruppe von Heranwachsenden als benachteiligt und damit als abgehängt zu definieren, sondern empirisch zu untersuchen, welche individuellen Faktoren, Rahmenbedingungen und Wirkmechanismen dazu führen, dass einige dieser Schüler:innen das Lernen im Lockdown erfolgreicher gestalten können als andere mit zunächst gleichen Ausgangsbedingungen. Die Datenanalysen ergaben vier stabile Cluster, die auf unterschiedliche Ausprägungen der Student Agency aufbauen und Potenziale und Anknüpfungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen, um Lernende aus bildungsfernen Milieus individuell zu fördern – im Homeschooling und im Präsenzunterricht.
Sunlight activated ultra-stable long persistent luminescence glass ceramic for outdoor information display
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Lei Lei , Ye Renguang , Zhang Junjie , Zhang Xianghua , Xu Shiqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural sunlight activated persistent luminescence (PeL) is ideal candidate for optical information display in outdoors without the requirement of electric supply. Except the brightness and duration, the stability especially water resistance of the PeL materials is of significant importance for practical application, which remains a great obstacle up to date. Herein, we report a new sunlight activated PeL glass ceramic containing hexagonal Sr13Al22Si10O66:Eu2+ crystals, which exhibits strong blue PeL and can last more than 200 h. The PeL can be charged by the full wavelengths located in AM 1.5G due to the broad distribution of traps in the crystal structure. The PeL is clearly observed by the naked eye even after 24 h upon sunlight irradiation irrespective of the weather, and the photoluminescence intensity only decreased ∼3.3% after storing in water for 365 d. We demonstrate its potential application for thermal and stress responsive display as well as long-term continuous security indication upon sunlight irradiation, which not only save vast energy and reduce environment pollution, but also are appropriate for outdoor usage.
Influence of brazing process and gap size on the fatigue strength of shear and peel specimen
Authors: Jöckel A. , Baumgartner J. , Tillmann W. , Bültena J. , Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Hebing J. , Erck M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Brazing is a joining technique used in many industries for components that consist of many individual parts. Many of these components are cyclically loaded during service. For this reason, reliable approaches to assess the service life must be developed. For this purpose, it is necessary to gain knowledge about factors influencing the fatigue strength and the damage behavior. In this paper induction, vacuum- and continuous furnace brazed shear and peel specimen with different brazing gap widths are analyzed. Therefore, the specimens were characterized, measuring the geometry of the specimens and surface condition of the brazing radii, and tested under load control using constant amplitudes. It is found that the manufacturing process and the parameters used have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the brazing material, the surface condition and the profile of the fillet radii. These properties have again an influence on the damage behavior and the fatigue strength. In particular crack-like defects of varying severity, which can extend deep into the brazing material, that are located in highly stressed areas of the fillet radii have a significant influence on the fatigue strength. It is also found that, regardless of the brazing process used, there is a tendency in the area of the brazing gap width for the number and size of defects to increase with increasing gap size, which can negatively affect fatigue strength depending on the damage behavior.
Self-adaptive opposition-based differential evolution with subpopulation strategy for numerical and engineering optimization problems
Authors: Li Jiahang , Gao Yuelin , Zhang Hang , Yang Qinwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpposition-based differential evolution (ODE) is a well-known DE variant that employs opposition-based learning (OBL) to accelerate the convergence speed. However, the existing OBL variants are population-based, which causes many shortcomings. The value of the jumping rate is not self-adaptively adjusted, so the algorithm easily traps into local optima. The population-based OBL wastes fitness evaluations when the algorithm converges to sub-optimal. In this paper, we proposed a novel OBL called subpopulation-based OBL (SPOBL) with a self-adaptive parameter control strategy. In SPOBL, the jumping rate acts on the individual, and the subpopulation is selected according to the individual’s jumping rate. In the self-adaptive parameter control strategy, the surviving individual’s jumping rate in each iteration will participate in the self-adaptive process. A generalized Lehmer mean is introduced to achieve an equilibrium between exploration and exploitation. We used DE and advanced DE variants combined with SPOBL to verify performance. The results of performance are evaluated on the CEC 2017 and CEC 2020 test suites. The SPOBL shows better performance compared to other OBL variants in terms of benchmark functions as well as real-world constrained optimization problems.
Corporate Disclosures on Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis of FTSE All-Share British Fossil Fuel Producers
Authors: Attenborough Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough UK company law has become more sensitive to climate change problems, many open questions and issues remain about the practical utility of disclosure as a presumptive regulatory solution. This article presents and analyses unique empirical research to explore if and to what extent FTSE All-Share British fossil fuel producers are clearly and reliably: (a) integrating into their overall business risk management the ‘material’ risks that climate change presents to their operations; and (b) reporting the impact of their business activities on the climate and the likely consequences of any business decisions in the long term. The results show that current disclosure regulation apparently fails to secure behavioural change on the part of most companies in our sample. The article offers several explanations that provide a possible answer with validity as to why disclosure does not achieve its organising purpose of managing the risks and impacts of climate change.
Decay of the Weyl curvature in expanding black hole cosmologies
Authors: Schlue Volker 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the non-linear stability problem for the expanding region of Kerr de Sitter cosmologies in the context of Einstein’s equations with positive cosmological constant. We show that under dynamically realistic assumptions the conformal Weyl curvature of the spacetime decays towards future null infinity. More precisely we establish decay estimates for Weyl fields which are (i) uniform (with respect to a global time function) (ii) optimal (with respect to the rate) and (iii) consistent with a global existence proof (in terms of regularity). The proof relies on a geometric positivity property of compatible currents which is a manifestation of the global redshift effect capturing the expansion of the spacetime.
Humour Workshops for Staff Working in Palliative Care
Authors: Linge-Dahl Lisa , Kreuz Rainer , Stoffelen Mieke , von Hirschhausen Eckart , Radbruch Lukas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPalliative care teams frequently use humour as a coping instrument. Humour used within the professional team has to be distinguished from humour in the interaction with patients. Humour among staff members working in palliative settings is widely accepted and the positive effect has been demonstrated. Four humour-workshops were organized for staff working in a palliative care unit. All participants completed the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI-S and T) and the Distress-Thermometer. Before and after the last two workshops, saliva samples were collected for analysis of oxytocin concentrations. The humour workshops were performed by two coaches based on a concept for the use of humour and mindfulness in the nursing routine. Overall 31 staff members out of 37 participated. Representatives of all professions were included, 28 women, 3 men, 24 to 59 years old. Saliva samples demonstrated a small but not significant oxytocin increase from a mean of 1.52 pg/ml to 1.80 pg/ml after the intervention (p .26). The mean p value of distress was reduced from 5.24 to 3.90 with an effect of p = .05 and bad mood was reduced from 11.19 to 9.43 (p = .36), seriousness decreased from 15.06 to 12.26 (p .01) and cheerfulness changed from 16.33 to 19.03 (p = .02). Despite the small sample size, the reduction of distress and seriousness and the increase of cheerfulness was significant. The changes in Oxytocin and bad mood proved to not be significant. Feedback from participants confirmed the value of humour in palliative care.
Comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms at diagnosis among healthcare personnel before and after the emergence of the omicron variant
Authors: Laracy Justin C. , Robilotti Elizabeth V. , Yan Judy , Lucca Anabella , Aslam Anoshe , Babady N. Esther , Kamboj Mini 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe used a self-reporting system to compare symptom frequency of hospital personnel with coronavirus disease 2019 before and after the emergence of the Omicron variant. Omicron was more likely to result in asymptomatic carriage (7% vs 12%; P = .009), and fewer symptoms were observed in those with booster vaccination.
Trajectories of Aristocratic Wealth, 1858–2018: Evidence from Probate
Authors: Bond Matthew , Morton Julien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the past two decades, the decline of the British aristocracy and its apotheosis, the hereditary peerage, have received scant scholarly attention. Major historical works in the 1960s to the 1990s laid much responsibility for the decline on features of the British aristocracy that are anachronistic in modern capitalist societies, such as their landed, rentier status, conspicuously sumptuous lifestyles, and disdain for commerce, helped on by reductions in the value of agricultural land from the 1870s. This article reappraises these arguments by examining the decline of the hereditary peerage's wealth using a newly created data set that includes all available probate grants for peers from 1858 to 2018. The article challenges established research by finding that peers’ absolute wealth but also relative mean wealth did not decline during the agricultural depression of the late nineteenth century, and that serious decline only began and accelerated from World War II. Signs of resurgence appeared in the 1980s, with the value of peers’ grants reaching Victorian levels in real but not relative terms. The comprehensive character of the data and the distinction between real and relative wealth allow for multiple conceptual and analytic additions to the existing debates. We find that new peerages created for businessmen who were much wealthier than the older, landed peers masked decline in the interwar years. Significantly, however, the differences in wealth between old and new peerages disappeared over time, suggesting that the wider aristocracy's decline was due less to characteristics particular to it than to external forces allied to the broader postwar political and fiscal environment.
Direct numerical simulation-based characterization of pseudo-random roughness in minimal channels
Authors: Yang Jiasheng , Stroh Alexander , Chung Daniel , Forooghi Pourya 
Published: May 2022

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are used to systematically investigate the applicability of the minimal-channel approach (Chung et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 773, 2015, pp. 418–431) for the characterization of roughness-induced drag on irregular rough surfaces. Roughness is generated mathematically using a random algorithm, in which the power spectrum (PS) and probability density function (p.d.f.) of the surface height can be prescribed. Twelve different combinations of PS and p.d.f. are examined, and both transitionally and fully rough regimes are investigated (roughness height varies in the range

$k^+ = 25$

–100). It is demonstrated that both the roughness function (

${\rm \Delta} U^+$

) and the zero-plane displacement can be predicted with

${\pm }5\,\%$

accuracy using DNS in properly sized minimal channels. Notably, when reducing the domain size, the predictions remain accurate as long as 90 % of the roughness height variance is retained. Additionally, examining the results obtained from different random realizations of roughness shows that a fixed combination of p.d.f. and PS leads to a nearly unique

${\rm \Delta} U^+$

for deterministically different surface topographies. In addition to the global flow properties, the distribution of time-averaged surface force exerted by the roughness onto the fluid is calculated. It is shown that patterns of surface force distribution over irregular roughness can be well captured when the sheltering effect is taken into account. This is made possible by applying the sheltering model of Yang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 789, 2016, pp. 127–165) to each specific roughness topography. Furthermore, an analysis of the coherence function between the roughness height and the surface force distributions reveals that the coherence drops at larger streamwise wavelengths, which can be an indication that very large horizontal scales contribute less to the skin-friction drag.
COLLECTIVE REDRESS IN EUROPE: MOVING FORWARD OR TREADING WATER?
Authors: Fairgrieve Duncan , Salim Rhonson 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent Representative Actions Directive 2020/1828/EC is a welcome advance in developing collective redress in Europe. However, this article contends that whilst the Directive is a positive development, shortfalls in its design restrict its potentially transformative impact for consumers. Critical examination is made of the Directive's rules on scope, standing, remedies, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), cross-border claims, funding, awareness and the provision of information. The article further considers whether the Directive will serve to improve co-ordination in civil procedure in this area which has traditionally been very diverse at a Member State level.
THE LEGALITY OF A TRIPS WAIVER FOR COVID-19 VACCINES UNDER INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors: Mercurio Bryan , Upreti Pratyush Nath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article assesses the arguments and challenges that are likely to arise should investors file an investor–State dispute settlement (ISDS) claim over measures taken in response to a waiver of obligations relating to intellectual property rights (IPRs) under the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). After providing an overview of the proposed waiver of IPRs for COVID-19 vaccinations and treatments, it examines the jurisprudence relating to IP and investor–State arbitration and the grounds upon which investors would rely to make a case in ISDS and possible State defences. The analysis, which focuses on fair and equitable treatment and expropriation, concludes that it will be difficult for investors to succeed in claiming that measures taken in response to a TRIPS waiver of IPRs breach any substantive protection provision contained in an international investment agreement. States should, however, seek additional security by revisiting existing treaties and adding additional layers of safeguards to ensure legitimate and non-discriminatory measures taken in response to a TRIPS waiver do not lead to investor claims.
International Yield Comovements
Authors: Bekaert Geert , Ermolov Andrey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe decompose long-term nominal bond yields into real and inflation components in an international context using inflation-linked and nominal bonds. In contrast to extant results, real rate variation dominates the variation in inflation-linked and nominal yields. Cross-country nominal and inflation-linked yield correlations have declined since the Great Recession. Real rates are the main source of the correlation between nominal yields. Our results are robust to various alternative measurements of inflation expectations and the liquidity premium. They continue to hold when a no-arbitrage term structure model with real, nominal, and inflation factors is used to effect the yield decomposition.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of lemborexant for treating insomnia in Japan: a model-based projection, incorporating the risk of falls, motor vehicle collisions, and workplace accidents
Authors: Ikeda Shunya , Azuma Mie Kasai , Fujimoto Kenichi , Shibahara Hidetoshi , Inoue Sachie , Moline Margaret , Ishii Mika , Mishima Kazuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLemborexant has demonstrated statistically significant improvements in sleep onset and sleep maintenance compared with placebo and zolpidem tartrate extended release, measured both objectively using polysomnography and subjectively using sleep diaries, in the phase 3 clinical trial SUNRISE 1. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of lemborexant compared with suvorexant, zolpidem immediate release (IR), and untreated insomnia.MethodsA decision-tree model was developed for falls, motor vehicle collisions, and workplace accidents associated with insomnia and insomnia treatments from a Japanese healthcare perspective and with a 6-month time horizon. The model extracted subjective sleep onset latency treatment responses and disutility values for non-responders from SUNRISE 1. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of parameter uncertainty on the results.ResultsIn the base-case analysis, the mean estimated QALYs for lemborexant, suvorexant, zolpidem-IR, and untreated insomnia were 0.4220, 0.4204, 0.4113, and 0.4163, and expected medical costs were JPY 34 034, JPY 38 371, JPY 38 139, and JPY 15 383, respectively. Lemborexant saved JPY 4337 and JPY 4105 compared with suvorexant or zolpidem-IR, respectively, while conferring QALY benefits. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of lemborexant compared with that of untreated insomnia was JPY 3 220 975 /QALY. Lemborexant was dominant over suvorexant and zolpidem-IR and was cost-effective when compared with untreated insomnia. Sensitivity analyses supported the results' robustness.ConclusionsIn a Japanese clinical practice setting, lemborexant may represent a better investment for treating insomnia in the healthcare system in Japan.
THE FOX AND THE ARMADILLO: AN INQUIRY INTO CLASSIC MAYA “ANIMAL” CATEGORIES
Authors: Newman Sarah E. , Rossi Franco D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates Classic Maya understandings of two particular animal species: the (gray) fox and the armadillo. We use these species as a point of entry into Classic Maya categorizations of the non-human animal world, examining the salient biological and physical characteristics of those animals that Classic-period artists and scribes chose to highlight. Rather than accepting the creatures depicted on painted pottery or referenced in hieroglyphic texts as generalized examples of particular kinds (i.e., simply “a fox” or “an armadillo”), however, we show how the evidence from ancient art, historical accounts, and contemporary ethnography points to an emphasis onspecificbeings, often named individuals, who engage in particular behaviors and relate to other entities (both human and non-human) in distinctive ways. Although this article focuses exclusively on the fox and the armadillo, those species serve as examples through which we consider the limitations of applying Western taxonomic categories to other systems of knowledge, as well as the possibilities for how we might catch glimpses of radically different ways of organizing the world.