bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN SOAL AKM NUMERASI UNTUK GURU MATEMATIKA SMP di KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Chandra Tjang Daniel , As'ari Abdur Rahman , Parta I Nengah , Purwanto Purwanto , Nasution Syaiful Hamzah 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Mulai tahun 2021 Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan akan mulai menerapkan asesmen nasional. Asesmen nasional mengukur dua macam literasi yaitu literasi membaca dan literasi matematika ( atau Numerasi ). Salah satu instrumen utama yang digunakan dalam asesmen nasional adalah Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) yang mengukur literasi membaca dan literasi matematika ( numerasi ) siswa. AKM numerasi merupakan hal yang baru bagi para guru matematika SMP. Oleh karena itu tim pengabdian masyarakat jurusan matematika UM merencanakan mengadakan workshop penyusunan AKM numerasi bagi guru matematika SMP di kota Probolinggo. Diharapkan melalui workshop ini, para guru dapat disiapkan untuk membuat soal-soal AKM numerasi. Dilaksanakan 2 kali workshop. Pada workshop pertama, tim pengabdian memberikan beberapa materi seperti penjelasan tentang AKM numerasi, pembuatan soal AKM numerasi tentang geometri dan aljabar, dan bagaimana mengemas soal AKM numerasi dalam bentuk e-LKPD. Sebelum acara diakhiri, para guru diminta untuk mencoba membuat soal AKM numerasi dan e-LKPD. Mereka diberi waktu 2 minggu untuk mengerjakan tugas tersebut dan mempresentasikan hasilnya pada workshop kedua. Hasil yang diperoleh dari workshop adalah para guru memperoleh manfaat tentang materi AKM dan bagaimana menyusun soal AKM numerasi.

Kata Kunci: workshop; soal AKM
Materials Published by Periodicals of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya as a Source of Historical Information
Authors: Ештыганова С.С. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматривается многотиражная вузовская газета Марийского государственного педагогического института имени Н. К. Крупской (МГПИ). Периодическое издание стало настоящей институтской летописью, зеркалом институтской жизни с 1957 до 2007 года. Актуальность исследования связана с крайней недостаточностью в современном отечественном исследовательском поле работ, анализирующих деятельность Марийского государственного педагогического института имени Н. К. Крупской в целом и его печатной продукции в частности. Цель публикации определяется изучением истории высшего педагогического образования в Республике Марий Эл на основе материалов вузовской многотиражной периодической печати. Газеты института с большей долей точности отражали происходящие события и фиксировали их на своих страницах. Автором показано значение газет института при изучении истории становления и развития высшего педагогического образования в Республике Марий Эл в XX— начале XXI веков.
The article focuses on newspapers which were issued by Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya and had a rather large circulation. The periodicals chronicled events in the life of the institute since 1957 till 2007. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the fact that Mari State Pedagogical Institute and its periodicals remain largely underinvestigated. The aim of the article is to study the history of higher pedagogical education in the Republic of Mari El through the prism of newspapers issued by the said institute. Newspapers issued by the institute truthfully reflected events in the life of the institute. The author underlines that institute newspapers played an important role in the formation of pedagogical education in the Republic of Mari El in the 20th — early 21st centuries.
Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19: Data from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan dedicated for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sharif Shawana , Saleem Muhammad Amer , Umar Muhammad , Butt Abdul Quddus , Hashmi Khizra , Abdullah Sumaira 
Published: February 2022

Background: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized around the globe. Data from Pakistan is lacking.
Objective: To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease in Pakistani population.
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread reaching the level of a pandemic disease. COVID-19 can affect different organ systems including the skin. There is a wide variety of descriptions of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. However, cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized around the globe. The data from Pakistan is especially lacking. Our study was aimed at describing the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease in Pakistani population.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Benazir Bhutto Hospital from March 2020 till December 2020. A total of 150 patients were screened by senior dermatology postgraduate trainees who were deployed for the care of COVID-19 patients. The demographics, rash if any along with its complete history and description and laboratory investigations were noted on a preformed performa. The pictures of the rash were taken after verbal consent of patient or surrogate. The pictures were then discussed with the consultant for appropriate categorization.
Results: A total of 150 patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were screened. The mean age of the subjects was 51.9 ± 17.2 years. There were 94 (62.7%) males and 56 (37.3%) females. The mean duration of illness at the time of screening was 12.5 ± 9.7 days. Only 7 (4.7%) COVID-19 patients showed skin lesions. These included generalized bullous pemphigoid like (1 patient), urticarial lesions (1 patient), vesicular eruption (1 patient), skin necrosis (1 patient) and maculopapular rash (3 patients). The average duration of illness at the time of dermatological manifestation of COVID-19 was 6.31 ± 2.3 days. Skin necrosis was associated with severe disease.
Conclusion: The skin manifestations of COVID-19 patients in Pakistan are less as compared to reports and data from western world. However, they are in accordance with the data reported from few Asian countries. Regardless of this, the type, distribution and association of skin lesions with COVID-19 appear to be universal. This difference of frequency can be attributed to the racial differences or the variety of COVID-19 viral strains predominant in different countries. However, further studies are required to prove this association.
Key Words: COVID-19, Dermatology, Skin Manifestations, Cutaneous Manifestations
Antibiotics prescription pattern in COVID-19 patients presenting in DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal; Is Pakistan heading towards Post-COVID Antibiotic Resistance Era?
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Rafiq Maryam , Munir Adeela , Kamal Zahid , Aziz Nauman , Iqbal Muhammad Junaid 
Published: February 2022

Background
There is a lack of data about antibiotic prescription trends and patterns of inappropriate antibiotic stewardship in COVID-19 patient management.

Objective
To determine frequency and pattern of antibiotic prescription in COVID-19 patients presenting in DHQ teaching hospital, Sahiwal.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from 1st June 2020 to 31st March 2021 in patients admitted in COVID isolation facility of DHQ Teaching hospital, Sahiwal with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients of all ages and of both genders were included. Data was collected by a pre-designed proforma. Data included patient’s age, gender, co-morbid conditions, type and duration of antibiotic use, and details of prescribing physicians. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine frequency and percentages of variables.

Results
Out of 800 participants, 543(67.8%) were males, and the remaining 257 (32.1%) were females.
The majority 328(41%) of patients belonged to the age group 40-60 years. 639(79.8%) patients had co-morbidities. Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbid condition 248 (31%). Antibiotics were prescribed to all patients 800 (100%) before admission to the COVID Isolation facility. The majority of patients 348 (43.5%) had used antibiotics for 3-7 days before admission. Macrolides class was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic 417 (52.1%). General practitioners had more tendency to prescribe antibiotics 509(64%) as compared to medical specialists 212(26.5%) and pulmonologists79 (9.8%).

Conclusion
Antibiotic stewardship needs to be improved in COVID-19 patients and prescription should be evidence-based aided by laboratory tests. The development of local guidelines for judicious antibiotic prescription in COVID-19 will help in preventing antibiotic resistance.

Key Words
Antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, COVID-19, drug prescription, SARS-cov-2
Effectiveness of various treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients having Solid Organ Transplant: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Shehryar , Farrukh Khadeja , Iqbal Tehniyat , Fatima Aleeza , Mughis Zunira , Hussain Hafiz Amjad 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This narrative review provides an evidence-based summary of the various interventions in the management of Post Solid organ transplant patients who reported positive for COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: For this systematic review, observational and experimental studies; conducted on Post- Organ transplant patients, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, who tested positive for COVID-19 were included. Only solid organ transplant patient studies were considered standard for this review type. The English version, both published and unpublished articles, from Dec 2019 to Aug 2020, were evaluated using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science direct, Medrixv search engines. The articles with incomplete details about a transplant or covid management were excluded.
Results: We selected 43 articles out of which 9 were retrospective studies, 2 were cohort studies, one was an experimental study, and 31 were case studies. According to the literature review, effective management therapy includes the withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs, increase/ constant steroid dose, and regimen containing HCQ, interleukin inhibitor, and one antiviral drug especially remdesivir proved to be the most effective among all. In others, administration of IV immunoglobulins/convalescent plasma therapy proved effective in various trials but related data is currently limited. While Lop/Rit, Interferons alpha, and oseltamivir trials are also given; these therapies didn’t prove to be much effective individually.
Conclusion: More trials are required to find the effectiveness of Convalescent plasma therapy. It can be proved as an effective treatment in critical patients. IV immunoglobulins effectiveness should also be tested in critical patients and for this more experimental trials are needed.
Evaluation of Online teaching by Undergraduate medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zeb Shazia , Yasmeen Sumaira , Umar Muhammad , Asghar Rai , Batul Maryim 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the viewpoints of undergraduate medical students pertinent to online education carried out by their teachers amid COVID-19 pandemic
Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during August 2020 in order to evaluate the teachers with respect to their online teaching. Google forms were electronically administered to all 1st – final year medical students to gather their perspectives relevant to their respective teachers. About 266 medical students participated in this research through convenience sampling. Mean ± SD for each item was computed. The data was analyzed by means of SPSS version 25.0.
Results: Of the total 266 medical students, highest proportion (53.75%) was constituted by final year MBBS students. Maximum response was received pertinent to teachers of Pathology followed by those of Surgery & Allied, Medicine & Allied and Gynaecology & Obstetrics. Students were 100% satisfied with online teaching attributes of Surgery & Allied Teachers while % and % were pleased with those of Medicine & Allied and Gynaecology & Obstetrics respectively. Well preparedness of the teachers for their online class got highest score (4.49 ± 1.05) while least score (4.07 ± 1.44) was computed regarding flexibility of the teachers in accommodating individual student needs. Students recommended making the e-learning sessions more interactive.
Conclusion: Medical students were sufficiently contented with online teaching of their respective teachers. However, there is need to train the teachers for more interactivity during e-learning sessions.
Comparison of Peritonsillar Bupivacaine versus Peritonsillar Dexamethasone in Post-Tonsillectomy Pain Management
Authors: Khan Najeebullah , Hameed Mirza Khizar , Aslam Iftikhar , Ali Irshad , Akbar Amir , Khalil Nudrat 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare efficacy of Peritonsillar Dexamethasone with Peritonsillar Bupivacaine in managing post-tonsillectomy pain in children.
Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial
Setting & Period: ENT Department Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH) Rawalpindi from 01-06-2019 to 31-11-2020.
Material &Methods: A total of sixty patients of both genders between ages of 5-15 years fulfilling the recognized criteria for tonsillectomy were selected. They were equally divided into two groups; Group A received peritonsillar Bupivacaine while Group B received peritonsillar Dexamethasone. Mean post-tonsillectomy Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at 1st, 2nd and 7th day were recorded in both groups and compared using independent sample ‘t’ test.
Results: In group A Mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 24 hours was 6.73±1.44 SD while in group B it was 5.93±1.26 SD (p-value 0.025). Mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 48 hours was 5.60±1.25 SD and 4.37±1.03 SD (p-value 0.000) respectively in groups A and B. At 7th post operative day, Mean VAS was noted as 3.27±0.74 SD and 2.30±0.79 SD (p-value 0.000) respectively in group A and B.
Conclusion: Peritonsillar Dexamethasone is more effective than peritonsillar Bupivacaine in controlling post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Statistically significant difference was noted for mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 1st, 2nd and 7th day.
Key Words: Tonsillectomy, visual analogue score, postoperative pain, dexamethasone, bupivacaine.
Comparison of the Morbidity after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acutely Inflamed Gall Bladder with and without Drain Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saleem Hira , Saleem Aniqua , Siddiq Ghulam , Sheikh Sharjeel Sarfraz Ahmed , Saleem Huzaifa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: The study objective is to compare the pain frequency and mean hospital stay in patients with and without drain insertion, following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acutely inflamed gallbladder.
Methods: Randomized control trial was carried out in General Surgery Department Shifa International Hospital for a period of 1 year from October 2017 to October 2018. All patients with acutely inflamed gallbladder admitted underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy using conventional 4 port method. Applying Lottery method patients were sorted into two groups; (Group A) – without drain and (Group B) – with drain. Post operatively parameters of pain and total hospital stay were assessed. Data was entered into a standard SPSS sheet version 15.0.
Results: Mean age of patients in without drain (group A) was 52.00±14.84 years and in with drain (group B) was 47.50±18.28 years. In without drain (group A), there were 9 (30.0%) males and 21 (70.0%) females, mean VAS was 2.37±1.22, 16.7% (5 of 60 patients) had pain, and mean hospital stay was 1.93+/-0.79 days. In with drain (group B), 13 (43.3%) were males and 17 (56.7%) were females, mean VAS was 3.2 +/-1.36, 36.7% (11 of 60 patients) had pain and mean hospital stay was 3.17+/- 0.87 days. The difference between the two groups for mean VAS was significant (P<0.05), for mean hospital stay was significant (P<0.05) but for pain frequency was insignificant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: It has been concluded that without drain, more appropriate results have been obtained as compared to drain.
Clinical Trial Number: NCT04346550
Risk of transmission of COVID-19 virus infection from asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant patients to Obs/Gynae surgical team
Authors: Sohail Sheherzad , Dar Lubna Raiz , Ishfaq Maryam 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Covid 19 is highly contagious disease and Health care workers are always at risk because they are involved in care of suspected, asymptomatic and confirmed cases. It is worthwhile to adopt all practices for prevention of the disease, so they will be able to continue their duties without fear and stress of carrying infection.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of health care workers who became Covid positive after performing caesarian sections or normal vaginal deliveries of Covid positive asymptomatic cases.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Gynae/Obs department Of Shalamar Hospital Lahore from March 2020 to September 2020.All the health workers involved in surgeries and deliveries of Covid positive patients were included and they were asked to fill the proforma related to their exposure and development of any signs and symptoms of COVID-19 during the period of fourteen days after exposure. Findings were summarized and analyzed by using SPSS VERSION 22.
Results: Total twenty patients who were Covid positive were delivered during this period. Sixty health care workers were involved in their care. During study period three health care workers one doctor and two staff nurses became Covid positive. These infected health care workers were not involved in surgery or delivery of these 20 Covid positive patients.
Conclusion: If all the health care workers takes all corona precautionary measures while performing deliveries and C-sections of Covid positive patients risk of transmission to the surgical team can be reduced.
Keywords: Covid-19, Health care workers
Comparison of Peri-tonsillar Injection of Tramadol with Adrenaline Vs Injection of Normal Saline (Placebo) Before Tonsillectomy in Reducing Per-operative Haemorrhage and Post-operative Pain
Authors: Masood Sundas , Fatima Aiemen , Ikram Tahira , Qureshi Nausheen , Mukhtar Rahat , Shahid Fatima 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures performed in ENT. In the early postoperative period, pain and hemorrhage are considered to be the major cause of morbidity. Different methods of minimizing postoperative pain have been proposed including the use of oral analgesics, infiltration of local anesthetics, and analgesics like levobupivacaine, ketamine, and tramadol. To secure hemostasis during a tonsillectomy, several techniques including ligation, diathermy, and cauterization are used. To minimize these complications, preoperative preparation of the patient is mandatory. This study aimed to find out the efficacy of adrenaline and tramadol in controlling perioperative hemorrhage and postoperative pain respectively.
Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ENT department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi for 6 months (21-11-2016 to 21-5-2017). The data was collected by operating surgeons. A total of 60 patients were included in the study with 1:1 randomization. Simple random sampling was used for the Selection of patients. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A was provided with the peri-tonsillar injection of tramadol with adrenaline while Group B was provided with normal saline injection (Placebo). Both groups were followed for 6 hours to measure mean pain scores and mean hemostasis time. After approval from the ethical review board, consent forms were distributed to patients. An Independent t-test was applied for the comparison of different variables.
Results: Among all patients 60(100%), 25 (41%) males, and 35(59%) females. The mean age of patients was 12.2 years ± 4.49 SD. The mean time required for hemostasis was 4.9 minutes ± 1.92 SD. The mean pain scores were 1.3 (mild pain) ±1.12 SD. A statistically significant difference was found with time (p=0.01), mean pain (p=0.00), weight (p=0.00) and age (p=0.00) while insignificant with gender (p=0.06).
Conclusion: Peri-tonsillar injection of tramadol with adrenaline during tonsillectomy leads to a significant reduction in per-operative hemorrhage and post-operative pain as compared to injection of normal saline.
Assessment of knowledge, preventive behaviours and risk perception related to Covid-19 among medical students of Rawalpindi
Authors: Din Mohi Ud , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Maroof Saira , Fatima Syeda Gohar , Rehman Habib ur , Sarfraz Sana 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the knowledge, preventive behaviours and perception of risk related to Covid-19 among the medical students who are the front line workers and are more susceptible to be infected.
Methodology: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted in medical students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year MBBS of various medical institutions of Rawalpindi. Study duration was 5 months (March 2020 to July 2020). The sample size was 425. Age ranging from 18 to 21 and 273 (64.2%) comprised of females. The inclusion criteria were those students who gave consent and filled out the questionnaire and the exclusion criteria was who didn't concede. The data was analysed on SPSS. Confidence interval was set to be 95% with 5% margin of error.
Results: Most of the students were aware of the basic Covid-19 related knowledge like common symptoms, incubation period, transmission and the basic preventive measures which was on average higher than the previous studies conducted on medical students and on health care workers. Students were also having high level of performance in preventive behaviours in perspective of Covid-19 but risk perception is of moderate level.
Conclusion: Participants were found to have high levels of knowledge related to Covid-19 except use of N95 masks and use of anti-viral drugs for treatment. Among self-reported preventive behaviours section, lowest score is related to frequency of cleaning and disinfecting items that can be easily touched with hands (i.e. door handles and surfaces). Participants had moderate risk perception despite having high levels of knowledge and high performance in self-reported behaviours.
Keywords: Covid-19, medical students, risk perception
Use of flow volume curve to evaluate large airway obstruction
Authors: Sarkar Malay , Madabhavi Irappa V. , Mehta Shailee , Mohanty Swadeshkumar 
Published: February 2022

The flow volume loop (FVL) is a graphic display of airflow against lung volumes at different levels obtained during the maximum inspiratory and expiratory maneuver. It is a simple and reproducible method of lung function assessment. A narrative review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were queried and reviewed for studies pertinent to the various FVLs abnormalities and their mechanisms from January 2020 to December 2020. We used the following search terms; flow-volume loop, upper airway obstruction, Obstructive airway disease, and spirometry. Assessing the shape of the flow-volume loop is particularly helpful in diagnosing and localizing upper airway obstruction. They are also helpful in identifying bronchodilator response to treatment. Characteristic FVLs is also seen in patients with obstructive or restrictive lung disorders. Spirometry should be interpreted using the absolute values for flows and volumes as well as the flow volume and volume time curves.