bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day‐To‐Day Variability of the MLT DE3 Using Joint Analysis on Observations From TIDI‐TIMED and a Meteor Radar Meridian Chain
Authors: Zhou Xu , Yue Xinan , Yu You , Hu Lianhuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present work, daily variation of eastward propagating diurnal tide with zonal‐wave number 3 (DE3) is derived from joint analysis on observations from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Doppler Interferometer and a meteor radar chain around meridian 120°E during years of 2012–2015 and 2018–2020 via a novel method. Together with empirical tidal modes (ETMs), which are based on the Global Scale Wave Model, daily DE3 in horizontal winds are extracted. ETMs characterize the two‐dimensionally latitude‐altitudinal tidal structure with consideration of tidal dissipation, and thus makes it possible to obtain the DE3 tide extending to pole‐to‐pole in latitudes and covering 80–140 km on altitudes. Quantitatively analyzing day‐to‐day variability of mesosphere and lower thermosphere DE3 reveals that the variation of tidal phase is the main contributor to the DE3 day‐to‐day variability for both zonal and meridional winds. The strength of tidal‐phase induced variability has a clear seasonal dependence that is strong around June and December solstices. Prominent semiannual oscillation (SAO) for zonal (∼16%) and meridional (∼24%) winds are revealed, and annual oscillation (AO) is superposed on the SAO for the DE3 in meridional winds (∼9%). Tidal‐phase induced variability is generally stronger in solar minima (2018–2020) than that in solar maxima (2013–2015). Furthermore, a comparison with simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended is discussed. The simulations confirm that the primary role of tidal‐phase variations on the day‐to‐day variability. The model does not reproduce the SAO as shown in observations, while the AO in meridional winds is simulated well.
SENP2 regulates mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Nan Jinyan , Lee Ji Seon , Moon Joon Ho , Lee Seung-Ah , Park Young Joo , Lee Dong-Sup , Chung Sung Soo , Park Kyong Soo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification plays an important role in metabolic regulation. We previously demonstrated that SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the function of SENP2 in pancreatic β cells by generating a β cell-specific knockout (Senp2-βKO) mouse model. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were significantly impaired in the Senp2-βKO mice. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was decreased in the islets of the Senp2-βKO mice without a significant change in insulin synthesis. Furthermore, islets of the Senp2-βKO mice exhibited enlarged mitochondria and lower oxygen consumption rates, accompanied by lower levels of S616 phosphorylated DRP1 (an active form of DRP1), a mitochondrial fission protein. Using a cell culture system of NIT-1, an islet β cell line, we found that increased SUMO2/3 conjugation to DRP1 due to SENP2 deficiency suppresses the phosphorylation of DRP1, which possibly induces mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, SENP2 overexpression restored GSIS impairment induced by DRP1 knockdown and increased DRP1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, palmitate treatment decreased phosphorylated DRP1 and GSIS in β cells, which was rescued by SENP2 overexpression. These results suggest that SENP2 regulates mitochondrial function and insulin secretion at least in part by modulating the phosphorylation of DRP1 in pancreatic β cells.
Structural and functional deficits and couplings in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Zhang Xun , Suo Xueling , Yang Xun , Lai Han , Pan Nanfang , He Min , Li Qingyuan , Kuang Weihong , Wang Song , Gong Qiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in the neurobiology of fear and anxiety have been observed in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), the findings have been heterogeneous due to small sample sizes, demographic confounders, and methodological differences. Besides, multimodal neuroimaging studies on structural-functional deficits and couplings are rather scarce. Herein, we aimed to explore functional network anomalies in brain regions with structural deficits and the effects of structure-function couplings on the SAD diagnosis. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI images were obtained from 49 non-comorbid patients with SAD and 53 demography-matched healthy controls. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to investigate structural alterations, which were subsequently used as seeds for the resting-state functional connectivity analysis. In addition, correlation and mediation analyses were performed to probe the potential roles of structural-functional deficits in SAD diagnosis. SAD patients had significant gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral putamen, right thalamus, and left parahippocampus. Besides, patients with SAD demonstrated widespread resting-state dysconnectivity in cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry. Moreover, dysconnectivity of the putamen with the cerebellum and the right thalamus with the middle temporal gyrus/supplementary motor area partially mediated the effects of putamen/thalamus atrophy on the SAD diagnosis. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of structural and functional deficits in cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry in SAD, and may contribute to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of structure-function couplings for SAD. Therefore, they could offer insights into the neurobiological substrates of SAD.
Real-time individual benefit from social interactions before and during the lockdown: the crucial role of personality, neurobiology and genes
Authors: Monninger Maximilian , Aggensteiner Pascal-M. , Pollok Tania M. , Reinhard Iris , Hall Alisha S. M. , Zillich Lea , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie-H. , Reichert Markus , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Tost Heike , Brandeis Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , Holz Nathalie E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial integration is a major resilience factor for staying healthy. However, the COVID-19-pandemic led to unprecedented restrictions in social life. The consequences of these social lockdowns on momentary well-being are yet not fully understood. We investigated the affective benefit from social interactions in a longitudinal birth cohort. We used two real-time, real-life ecological momentary assessments once before and once during the initial lockdown of the pandemic (N = 70 participants; n~6800 observations) capturing the protective role of social interactions on well-being. Moreover, we used a multimethod approach to analyze ecological assessment data with individual risk and resilience factors, which are promising moderators in the relationship of social behavior, stress reactivity, and affective states (i.e., amygdala volume, neuroticism, polygenic risk for schizophrenia). Social contacts were linked to higher positive affect both during normal times and during the COVID-19-pandemic (beta coefficient = 0.1035), highlighting the beneficial role of social embedding. Interestingly, this relationship was differentially moderated by individual risk and resilience factors. In detail, participants with a larger left amygdala volume (beta coefficient = −0.0793) and higher neuroticism (beta coefficient = −0.0958) exhibited an affective benefit from more social interactions prior to the pandemic. This pattern changed during the pandemic with participants with smaller amygdala volumes and lower neurotic traits showing an affective gain during the pandemic. Moreover, participants with low genetic risk for schizophrenia showed an affective benefit (beta coefficient = −0.0528) from social interactions irrespective of the time point. Our results highlight the protective role of social integration on momentary well-being. Thereby, we offer new insights into how this relationship is differently affected by a person’s neurobiology, personality, and genes under adverse circumstances.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters
Authors: Halfmann Peter J. , Iida Shun , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Maemura Tadashi , Kiso Maki , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Darling Tamarand L. , Joshi Astha , Loeber Samantha , Singh Gagandeep , Foster Stephanie L. , Ying Baoling , Case James Brett , Chong Zhenlu , Whitener Bradley , Moliva Juan , Floyd Katharine , Ujie Michiko , Nakajima Noriko , Ito Mutsumi , Wright Ryan , Uraki Ryuta , Warang Prajakta , Gagne Matthew , Li Rong , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Liu Yanan , Larson Deanna , Osorio Jorge E. , Hernandez-Ortiz Juan P. , Henry Amy R. , Ciuoderis Karl , Florek Kelsey R. , Patel Mit , Odle Abby , Wong Lok-Yin Roy , Bateman Allen C. , Wang Zhongde , Edara Venkata-Viswanadh , Chong Zhenlu , Franks John , Jeevan Trushar , Fabrizio Thomas , DeBeauchamp Jennifer , Kercher Lisa , Seiler Patrick , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana Silvia , Sordillo Emilia Mia , Chang Lauren A. , van Bakel Harm , Simon Viviana ,   Consortium Mount Sinai Pathogen Surveillance (PSP) study group, Alburquerque B. , Alshammary H. , Amoako A. A. , Aslam S. , Banu R. , Cognigni C. , Espinoza-Moraga M. , Farrugia K. , van de Guchte A. , Khalil Z. , Laporte M. , Mena I. , Paniz-Mondolfi A. E. , Polanco J. , Rooker A. , Sominsky L. A. , Douek Daniel C. , Sullivan Nancy J. , Thackray Larissa B. , Ueki Hiroshi , Yamayoshi Seiya , Imai Masaki , Perlman Stanley , Webby Richard J. , Seder Robert A. , Suthar Mehul S. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Schotsaert Michael , Suzuki Tadaki , Boon Adrianus C. M. , Diamond Michael S. , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recent emergence of B.1.1.529, the Omicron variant1,2, has raised concerns of escape from protection by vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. A key test for potential countermeasures against B.1.1.529 is their activity in preclinical rodent models of respiratory tract disease. Here, using the collaborative network of the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) programme of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), we evaluated the ability of several B.1.1.529 isolates to cause infection and disease in immunocompetent and human ACE2 (hACE2)-expressing mice and hamsters. Despite modelling data indicating that B.1.1.529 spike can bind more avidly to mouse ACE2 (refs. 3,4), we observed less infection by B.1.1.529 in 129, C57BL/6, BALB/c and K18-hACE2 transgenic mice than by previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, with limited weight loss and lower viral burden in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. In wild-type and hACE2 transgenic hamsters, lung infection, clinical disease and pathology with B.1.1.529 were also milder than with historical isolates or other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Overall, experiments from the SAVE/NIAID network with several B.1.1.529 isolates demonstrate attenuated lung disease in rodents, which parallels preliminary human clinical data.
Reveals of quercetin’s therapeutic effects on oral lichen planus based on network pharmacology approach and experimental validation
Authors: Zhao Zhibai , Wang Linglin , Zhang Mengna , Zhou Chenyu , Wang Yanting , Ma Jiangmin , Fan Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a localized autoimmune disease of the oral mucosa, with an incidence of up to 2%. Although corticosteroids are the first-line treatment, they cause several adverse effects. Quercetin, a naturally occurring compound, has fewer side-effects and provides long-term benefits. Besides, it has powerful anti‑inflammatory activities. Here, we combined network pharmacology with experimental verification to predict and verify the key targets of quercetin against OLP. First, 66 quercetin-OLP common targets were analyzed from various databases. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Topology analysis and MCODE cluster analysis of common targets were conducted to identify 12 key targets including TP53, IL-6 and IFN-γ and their connections. Gene functions and key signaling pathways, including reactive oxygen species metabolism, IL-17 pathway and AGE-RAGE pathway, were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, in vitro experiments showed that quercetin interfered with Th1/Th2 balance by acting on IL-6 and IFN-γ to modulate the immune system in treating OLP. Quercetin considerably affected the apoptosis and migration of T lymphocytes in OLP patients. Our study reveals the potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of quercetin associated with OLP, and establishes the groundwork for future clinical applications.
Triboelectric charging of melt-blown nonwoven filters with high filtration efficiency
Authors: Wang Hong , Wu Yanjin , Wang Jiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a novel technology to convert low-frequency energy into electric power, the triboelectric nanogenerator is a hot research topic recently. However, the nature of charge carriers and their transfer mechanisms still remain poorly understood, especially for the cases of liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator. In this paper, charges produced by a triboelectric charging process were designed to provide melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with high filtration efficiency by making full use of the electrostatic attraction filtration mechanism. Influences of water conductivity and drying temperature on the filtration efficiency of melt-blown nonwoven fabrics were investigated. And the corresponding properties such as the surface charge potential and charge stability were analyzed by using the electrostatic voltmeter, bio atomic force microscope and thermally stimulated discharge technique. In addition, metal and inorganic elements in the masterbatch and water before and after triboelectric charging were measured in order to uncover the charge transfer mechanism. Melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with filtration efficiency as high as 96.8% was obtained through the triboelectric charging treatment by using water with the conductivity as low as 1.1 μS/cm for the first time. Negative and positive surface charge density appeared randomly on both sides of melt-blown nonwoven fabrics after the triboelectric charging treatment from the bio atomic force microscope measurement while only one kind of surface charge density can be achieved in the research of TENG, that is, negative or positive. It seems there are both electron and ion transfers during the triboelectric charging process and electron transfer seems to have more important contribution for the generation of charges.
Selecting molecules with diverse structures and properties by maximizing submodular functions of descriptors learned with graph neural networks
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Sakaue Shinsaku , Fujii Kaito , Harabuchi Yu , Maeda Satoshi , Iwata Satoru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelecting diverse molecules from unexplored areas of chemical space is one of the most important tasks for discovering novel molecules and reactions. This paper proposes a new approach for selecting a subset of diverse molecules from a given molecular list by using two existing techniques studied in machine learning and mathematical optimization: graph neural networks (GNNs) for learning vector representation of molecules and a diverse-selection framework called submodular function maximization. Our method, called SubMo-GNN, first trains a GNN with property prediction tasks, and then the trained GNN transforms molecular graphs into molecular vectors, which capture both properties and structures of molecules. Finally, to obtain a subset of diverse molecules, we define a submodular function, which quantifies the diversity of molecular vectors, and find a subset of molecular vectors with a large submodular function value. This can be done efficiently by using the greedy algorithm, and the diversity of selected molecules measured by the submodular function value is mathematically guaranteed to be at least 63% of that of an optimal selection. We also introduce a new evaluation criterion to measure the diversity of selected molecules based on molecular properties. Computational experiments confirm that our SubMo-GNN successfully selects diverse molecules from the QM9 dataset regarding the property-based criterion, while performing comparably to existing methods regarding standard structure-based criteria. We also demonstrate that SubMo-GNN with a GNN trained on the QM9 dataset can select diverse molecules even from other MoleculeNet datasets whose domains are different from the QM9 dataset. The proposed method enables researchers to obtain diverse sets of molecules for discovering new molecules and novel chemical reactions, and the proposed diversity criterion is useful for discussing the diversity of molecular libraries from a new property-based perspective.
Neutron imaging of an operational dilution refrigerator
Authors: Lawson C. R. , Jones A. T. , Kockelmann W. , Horney S. J. , Kirichek O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe invention of the 3He/4He dilution refrigerator opened a new chapter in experimental ultra-low temperature physics. Dilution refrigerators became essential for providing ultra-low temperature environments for nuclear demagnetisation experiments, superconducting-qubit quantum processors and highly sensitive bolometers used in fundamental physics experiments. Development of dilution refrigeration technology requires thorough understanding of the quantum mechanical processes that take place in liquid helium at ultra-low temperatures. For decades the quantum fluids research community provided valuable information to engineers and designers involved in the development of advanced dilution refrigerators. However, the lack of methods that allow the measurement of physical parameters of liquid helium during the operation of a dilution refrigerator was hindering development of the technology. Here we show direct imaging of an operational dilution refrigerator using neutron radiography. This allows direct observation of the dilution process in 3He/4He mixtures and opens an opportunity for direct measurement of the 3He concentration. We observe the refrigerator behaviour in different regimes, such as continuous circulation and single shot, and show that our method allows investigation of various failure modes. Our results demonstrate that neutron imaging applied to the study of dilution refrigeration processes can provide essential information for developers of ultra-low temperature systems. We expect that neutron imaging will become instrumental in the research and development of advanced dilution refrigerators.
Imaging photoplethysmography as an easy-to-use tool for monitoring changes in tissue blood perfusion during abdominal surgery
Authors: Kamshilin Alexei A. , Zaytsev Valery V. , Lodygin Alexander V. , Kashchenko Victor A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluation of tissue perfusion at various stages of surgery is of great importance for the implementation of the concept of safe surgery, including operations on the abdominal organs. Currently, there is no accurate and reliable intraoperative method for assessing tissue perfusion that could help surgeons determine the risks of ischemia and improve outcomes. We propose novel method of intraoperative assessment of tissue perfusion using video camera synchronized with the electrocardiogram. The technique is referred to as imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG). It can be used continuously for monitoring blood supply to organs e.g., before and after anastomosis. In our study, we followed 14 different surgical cases (four stomach and ten colorectal cancers) requiring reconstruction of various organs with anastomosis. With iPPG, intraoperative blood perfusion was successfully visualized and quantified in all 14 patients under study. As most indicative, here we describe in detail two clinical demonstrations during gastrectomy for gastric cancer and right-sided hemicolectomy for cancer of the ascending colon. Feasibility of the iPPG system to assess blood perfusion in organs before and after anastomosis during open surgery was demonstrated for the first time.
Synergistic effects of laccase and pectin on the color changes and functional properties of meat analogs containing beet red pigment
Authors: Sakai Kiyota , Sato Yukihide , Okada Masamichi , Yamaguchi Shotaro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe widening gap between current supply of meat and its future demand has increased the need to produce plant-based meat analogs. Despite ongoing technical developments, one of the unresolved challenges of plant-based meat analogs is to safely and effectively imitate the appearance of raw and cooked animal-based meat, especially the color. This study aimed to develop a more effective and safe browning system for beet red (BR) in plant-based meat analog patties using laccase (LC) and sugar beet pectin (SBP). First, we investigated the synergistic effects of SBP and LC on BR decolorization of meat analog patties. We discovered that the red tones of LC-treated patties containing BR and SBP were remarkably browned after grilling, compared to patties that did not contain SBP. Notably, this color change by LC + SBP was similar to that of beef patties. Additionally, the hardness of LC-treated meat analog patties containing BR was higher than those that did not contain BR. Interestingly, the presence of SBP and LC enhanced the browning reaction and functional properties of meat analogs containing BR. This is the first report on a browning system for meat analogs containing BR using enzymatic methods to the best of our knowledge.