bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal survival strategies in Neoproterozoic ice worlds
Authors: Griffiths Huw J. , Whittle Rowan J. , Mitchell Emily G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe timing of the first appearance of animals is of crucial importance for understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Although the fossil record places the earliest metazoans at 572–602 Ma, molecular clock studies suggest a far earlier origination, as far back as ~850 Ma. The difference in these dates would place the rise of animal life into a time period punctuated by multiple colossal, potentially global, glacial events. Although the two schools of thought debate the limitations of each other's methods, little time has been dedicated to how animal life might have survived if it did arise before or during these global glacial periods. The history of recent polar biota shows that organisms have found ways of persisting on and around the ice of the Antarctic continent throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (33–14 Ka), with some endemic species present before the breakup of Gondwana (180–23 Ma). Here we discuss the survival strategies and habitats of modern polar marine organisms in environments analogous to those that could have existed during Neoproterozoic glaciations. We discuss how, despite the apparent harshness of many ice covered, sub‐zero, Antarctic marine habitats, animal life thrives on, in and under the ice. Ice dominated systems and processes make some local environments more habitable through water circulation, oxygenation, terrigenous nutrient input and novel habitats. We consider how the physical conditions of Neoproterozoic glaciations would likely have dramatically impacted conditions for potential life in the shallows and erased any possible fossil evidence from the continental shelves. The recent glacial cycle has driven the evolution of Antarctica's unique fauna by acting as a “diversity pump,” and the same could be true for the late Proterozoic and the evolution of animal life on Earth, and the existence of life elsewhere in the universe on icy worlds or moons.
ORF355 confers enhanced salinity stress adaptability to S‐type cytoplasmic male sterility maize by modulating the mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Xiao Senlin , Song Wei , Xing Jinfeng , Su Aiguo , Zhao Yanxin , Li Chunhui , Shi Zi , Li Zhiyong , Wang Shuai , Zhang Ruyang , Pei Yuanrong , Chen Huabang , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTModerate stimuli in mitochondria improve wide‐ranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S‐type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS‐S) maize and its association with mild expression of sterilizing gene ORF355. A CMS‐S maize line exhibited superior growth potential and higher yield than those of the near‐isogenic N‐type line in saline fields. Moderate expression of ORF355 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated the cellular antioxidative defense system. This adaptive response was mediated by elevation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and associated metabolic homeostasis. Metabolome analysis revealed broad metabolic changes in CMS‐S lines, even in the absence of salinity stress. Metabolic products associated with amino acid metabolism and galactose metabolism were substantially changed, which underpinned the alteration of the antioxidative defense system in CMS‐S plants. The results reveal the ORF355‐mediated superior stress adaptability in CMS‐S maize and might provide an important route to developing salt‐tolerant maize varieties.
R‐loop: The new genome regulatory element in plants
Authors: Zhou Jincong , Zhang Weifeng , Sun Qianwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn R‐loop is a three‐stranded chromatin structure that consists of a displaced single strand of DNA and an RNA:DNA hybrid duplex, which was thought to be a rare by‐product of transcription. However, recent genome‐wide data have shown that R‐loops are widespread and pervasive in a variety of genomes, and a growing body of experimental evidence indicates that R‐loops have both beneficial and harmful effects on an organism. To maximize benefit and avoid harm, organisms have evolved several means by which they tightly regulate R‐loop levels. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the biogenesis and effects of R‐loops, the mechanisms that regulate them, and methods of R‐loop profiling, reviewing recent research advances on R‐loops in plants. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on future research directions for R‐loop biology in plants, which might lead to a more comprehensive understanding of R‐loop functions in plant genome regulation and contribute to future agricultural improvements.
Understanding protein translocation across chloroplast membranes: Translocons and motor proteins
Authors: Kim Da Been , Na Changhee , Hwang Inhwan , Lee Dong Wook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubcellular organelles in eukaryotes are surrounded by lipid membranes. In an endomembrane system, vesicle trafficking is the primary mechanism for the delivery of organellar proteins to specific organelles. However, organellar proteins for chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus, and peroxisomes that are translated in the cytosol are directly imported into their target organelles. Chloroplasts are a plant‐specific organelle with outer and inner envelope membranes, a dual‐membrane structure that is similar to mitochondria. Interior chloroplast proteins translated by cytosolic ribosomes are thus translocated through TOC and TIC complexes (translocons in the outer and inner envelope of chloroplasts, respectively), with stromal ATPase motor proteins playing a critical role in pulling pre‐proteins through these import channels. Over the last three decades, the identity and function of TOC/TIC components and stromal motor proteins have been actively investigated, which has shed light on the action mechanisms at a molecular level. However, there remains some disagreement over the exact composition of TIC complexes and genuine stromal motor proteins. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the mechanisms by which proteins are translocated through TOC/TIC complexes and discuss future prospects for this field of research.
Addressing the high prevalence of uterine fundal pressure in low‐middle income country during vaginal delivery through a quality improvement initiative: Road to respectful maternity care
Authors: Sarkar Avir , Panneer Selvam Sivaranjani , Chawla Raina , Jindal Sonam , Thakur Vivek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntrapartum care is of paramount importance in overall respectful maternity care (RMC). Uterine fundal pressure maneuver (UFPM) is the most controversial obstetric maneuver considered obsolete in many countries. UFPM is associated with adverse life threatening maternal and fetal effects. The baseline prevalence of UFPM in our tertiary care teaching hospital with a heavy patient load was 78.4% which was quite high. Our aim was to reduce the prevalence of UFPM by 75% from baseline over a period of 10 months.MethodsAfter root cause analysis, we formulated the departmental Standard Operating Procedures on safe vaginal delivery and birth practices and initiated the Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative. We sensitized and created awareness among the resident doctors and nursing staff regarding the high prevalence of UFPM through dedicated lectures, intercommunication via WhatsApp groups and strict vigilance in the labor wards. The point of care quality improvement (QI) methodology was used. The primary outcome was decrease in the prevalence of UFPM.ResultsThe prevalence of UFPM reduced from the baseline value of 78.4%–4% over the period of 7 months. Post intervention it gradually increased and sustained at 21.2% over a follow‐up period of 3 months.ConclusionQI methods can effectively and rapidly improve the acceptance and adherence to newer initiatives in a busy tertiary care health facility to reduce the prevalence of UFPM and eventually improve the overall RMC.
Gestational weight gain adequacy among twin pregnancies in France
Authors: Amyx Melissa , Korb Diane , Zeitlin Jennifer , Schmitz Thomas , Le Ray Camille 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to describe gestational weight gain (GWG), to assess the applicability of the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, and to derive a GWG adequacy classification within a French cohort. We included twins from the national, prospective, population‐based JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement (JUMODA) cohort study (2014–2015). Following the IOM approach, we selected a ‘standard’ population of term pregnancies with ‘optimal’ birthweight (≥2500 g; n = 2562). GWG adequacy (insufficient; adequate; excessive) was defined using IOM recommendations (normal body mass index [BMI]: 16.8–24.5 kg [also utilized for underweight BMI]; overweight: 14.1–22.7 kg; obese: 11.4–19.1 kg). Additionally, using the IOM approach, we determined the 25th and 75th percentiles of GWG in our standard population to create a JUMODA‐derived GWG adequacy classification. GWG and GWG adequacy were described, overall and by BMI and parity. In the JUMODA standard population of term twin livebirths with optimal birthweight, mean GWG was 16.1 kg (standard deviation 6.3). Using IOM recommendations, almost half (46.5%) of the women had insufficient and few (10.0%) had excessive GWG, with similar results regardless of BMI or parity. The 25th and 75th percentiles of GWG in the JUMODA standard population (underweight: 13–21 kg; normal weight: 13–20 kg; overweight: 11–19 kg; obese: 7–16 kg) were lower than the IOM recommendations. The IOM recommendations classified a relatively high percentage of French women as having insufficient and a low percentage as having excessive GWG. Additional research to evaluate recommendations in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes is needed to determine whether the IOM recommendations or the JUMODA‐derived classification is more appropriate for French twin gestations.
Interventions to support the re‐establishment of breastfeeding and their application in humanitarian settings: A systematic review
Authors: Amat Camacho Nieves , von Schreeb Johan , Della Corte Francesco , Kolokotroni Ourania 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 1998, the World Health Organisation (WHO) published general guidelines proposing essential measures to achieve relactation. Yet, increased knowledge about the practical set‐up of relactation support interventions in different contexts is needed, especially in humanitarian settings, where nonbreastfed infants are particularly at risk. This study aimed to compile and assess the characteristics, outcomes and factors influencing the implementation of relactation support interventions reported since the latest WHO recommendations. We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, undertaking a search from Medline, Embase, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Global Health and CINAHL electronic databases. Studies published in English and Spanish, reporting characteristics and outcomes of relactation support provided to non‐(breastfeeding) BF mothers with infants aged less than 6 months were included. Data were analysed by narrative synthesis and the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used for quality assessment. Overall, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were observational and conducted in middle‐income countries, only one focused on humanitarian settings. Studies reported inpatient and community‐based interventions, which generally followed WHO recommendations for relactation. In 13 out of 16 studies, over 80% of mothers restarted BF after receiving relactation support. Enabling factors included younger infant age, shorter lactation gap, mother's strong motivation, family support, and continuous skilled support. Although current literature suggests that intensive relactation support can contribute to re‐establish BF, its application and effectiveness in humanitarian settings remain uncertain. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of different approaches to relactation support, especially in humanitarian settings.
Combined Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Adult Kashin–Beck Disease with Severe Varus Knee Osteoarthritis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Li Ruiyang , Zhan Yu , Xie Xuetao , Luo Congfeng 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundKashin–Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, chronic osteoarthropathy that seriously affects joint function and can lead to severe knee deformity. Osteotomy is considered to be one of the effective methods for the treatment of this disease. Therefore, we designed a novel type of osteotomy named combined proximal tibial osteotomy (CPTO), which combines the characteristics of opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy and tibial condylar valgus osteotomy.Case presentationWe report the case of a 48‐year‐old male with knee pain and varus deformity who was diagnosed with KBD and varus knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence stage IV). Considering the patient's relatively young age, a varus deformity of the right knee of 16.79°, and an intra‐articular instability, we performed a CPTO treatment. In this procedure, we performed an L‐shaped osteotomy from the medial edge of the proximal tibia to the intercondylar eminence and an osteotomy from the medial side of the proximal tibia to the lateral side through the same incision, to adjust the leg alignment and the congruity of the joint by valgus correction. At 29 months follow‐up, this patient achieved satisfactory results, with a varus right knee of 2.87°. There was significant improvement in his right knee function, pain, and joint stability.ConclusionsCPTO may be an acceptable treatment for KBD patients with severe knee varus deformity and intra‐articular instability. It can be considered as an alternative treatment, especially for patients with advanced osteoarthritis needing knee preservation.
Comparison of Perpendicular to the Coronal Plane versus Medial Inclination for C2 Pedicle Screw Insertion Assisted by 3D Printed Navigation Template
Authors: Wu Chao , Deng Jiayan , Wang Qing , Shen Danwei , Qin Binwei , Li Tao , Wang Xiangyu , Zeng Baifang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveC2 pedicle screw insertion is very important in posterior upper cervical surgery. The traditional screw placement technique requires us to consider both medial inclination and cephalad angle, it is difficult to operate intraoperatively. This paper is to explore a novel method of C2 pedicle screw placement compared with traditional C2 pedicle screw.MethodsA total of 44 patients diagnosed with atlantoaxial fracture or instability from May 2018 to November 2020 were involved in this retrospective study, and they were divided into C2‐PPS group (perpendicular to the coronal plane C2 screw, 24 patients) and C2‐TPS group (traditional C2 pedicle screw, 20 patients). The diameter of the maximum tangential circle, distance between geometric center and median sagittal plane and screw length of PPS and TPS were measured based on the 3D model of C2, respectively. Then the 3D printed navigation templated were designed and manufactured by 3D printing to assisted the PPS and TPS placement, respectively. The surgical time and radiation exposure times during operation were recorded; the post‐operative grading criteria, deviation of screw entry point and deviation of screw angle of two groups were evaluated, respectively.ResultsA total of 48 screws were inserted in the C2‐PPS group, and 40 screws were inserted in the C2‐TPS group. There were 46 screws with grade 0 (95.8%) in the PPS group and 31 screws with grade 0 (77.5%) in the TPS group, (P = 0.03). The radiation exposure times in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 4.7 ± 1.5 and 7.8 ± 3.8, respectively, (P = 0.045). The deviations of screw entry point in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 1.2 ± 0.8 mm and 3.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively; the deviations of screw angle in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 2.1 ± 1.6° and 4.8 ± 2.0°, respectively, (P = 0.000). The diameters of the maximum tangential circle in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 5.5 ± 1.0 mm and 5.3 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The distances between the geometric center and median sagittal plane in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 15.4 ± 2.3 mm and 18.0 ± 3.3 mm, respectively; The screw lengths in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 25.9 ± 3.2 mm and 27.6 ± 3.7 mm, respectively, (P = 0.000).ConclusionEighty percent of C2‐PPS corridor can accommodate a 3.5 mm diameter screw, and with an average screw length of 26 mm. Navigation templates assisted the C2‐PPS placement is less surgical time, less radiation exposure times, more safe and more accurate than C2‐TPS.
Ablation characteristics and incidence of steam pops with a novel, surface temperature‐controlled ablation system in an ex vivo experimental model
Authors: Tsutsui Kenta , Mori Hitoshi , Kawano Daisuke , Tanaka Naomichi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Sumitomo Naokata , Iwanaga Shiro , Nakano Shintaro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Matsumoto Kazuo , Kato Ritsushi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA novel irrigation catheter (QDOT MICRO™) has been introduced, which enables a surface temperature‐controlled ablation combined with tip cooling. However, the detailed description of its complex behavior and effect on the incidence of pops and lesion formation remains elusive. This study aimed to systematically investigate the ablation characteristics, feedback behavior, and incidence of steam pops in a simplified ex vivo swine model.MethodsUsing swine ventricular tissue perfused with saline at 37°C, we systematically created lesions with 4×3 combinations of the wattage (20, 30, 40, and 50 W) and contact force (CF, 10, 30, and 50 g). Ablation was continued for either 120 s or until a steam pop occurred and repeated 10 times with each setting. The lesion geometry, ablation index, feedback dynamics, and conditions underlying the steam pops were measured and analyzed.ResultsSteam pops occurred particularly frequently in combinations of a low CF and high power (10 g vs. 30 g+50 g [p < .0001]; 40 W+50 W vs. 20 W+30 W [p < .0001]). Failure to activate a feedback process was associated with a 5.1 times higher incidence of steam pops (21/109 vs.11/11, [95% CI 3.499–7.716], p < .0001). The wattage feedback was particularly evident with a high CF (30 and 50 g) and high initial wattage (40 and 50 W). The average delivered wattage at 27 W predicted the occurrence of steam pops.ConclusionThe temperature‐controlled ablation with the QDOT MICRO™ demonstrated a complex feedback behavior, which contributed to a reduced incidence of steam pops and prolonged lead time to the pops.
Point‐of‐care ultrasonography to predict fluid responsiveness in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carioca Fernando de Lima , de Souza Fabiana Mendes , de Souza Thalita Belato , Rubio Aline Junqueira , Brandão Marcelo Barciela , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão , de Souza Tiago Henrique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) is proposed as a valuable method for hemodynamic monitoring and several ultrasound‐based predictors of fluid responsiveness have been studied. The main objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of these predictors in children.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant publications through July 2022. Pediatric studies reporting accuracy estimates of ultrasonographic predictors of fluid responsiveness were included since they had used a standard definition of fluid responsiveness and had performed an adequate fluid challenge.ResultsTwenty‐three studies involving 1028 fluid boluses were included, and 12 predictors were identified. A positive response to fluid infusion was observed in 59.7% of cases. The vast majority of participants were mechanically ventilated (93.4%). The respiratory variation in aortic blood flow peak velocity (∆Vpeak) was the most studied predictor, followed by the respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter (∆IVC). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ∆Vpeak were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75–0.87), respectively, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUSROC) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86–0.92). The ∆IVC presented a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62–0.90) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51–0.84), respectively, and an AUSROC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78–0.85). Significant heterogeneity in accuracy estimates across studies was observed.ConclusionsPOCUS has the potential to accurately predict fluid responsiveness in children. However, only ∆Vpeak was found to be a reliable predictor. There is a lack of evidence supporting the use of POCUS to guide fluid therapy in spontaneously breathing children.
Agree feeds interpretation: Evidence from Japanese object honorifics
Authors: Ikawa Shiori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe operation Agree is generally considered to lack direct semantic effects. Based on the Japanese object‐honorific construction, this work claims that Agree can in fact interact with LF interpretation such that some semantic predicates select their arguments via Agree. More specifically, I claim that the object‐honorific marker serves as a semantic predicatehonor, which selects its arguments via Agree. Based on the distribution of the NP that can trigger object‐honorific marking, the object‐honorific marker seems to access the object via Agree, as previous studies have argued; I examine, however, the theoretically overlooked observation that object honorification is felicitous only when the object referent is honored by the subject referent as well as the speaker. Based on this observation and the result from previous studies, I argue that object‐honorific morphology is semantically a predicate that takes two arguments, anhonorerand anhonoree, and finds those arguments via Agree.