bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible case of polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ohkubo Yusuke , Ohmura Shin-ichiro , Ishihara Ryuhei , Miyamoto Toshiaki 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 has prompted the rapid spread and development of vaccines to prevent the spread of the disease. COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated excellent efficacy in reducing morbidity and severity of the disease, and most adverse reactions are very minor. However, some patients have been reported to develop autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, and vasculitis, following COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, we present a case of polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis, following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The patient’s initial symptoms were fever and testicular pain, and magnetic resonance imaging showed epididymitis. He was diagnosed as having polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis and was treated with high-dose prednisolone, with a good clinical outcome.
Trotabresib (CC-90010) in combination with adjuvant temozolomide or concomitant temozolomide plus radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Vieito Maria , Simonelli Matteo , de Vos Filip , Moreno Victor , Geurts Marjolein , Lorenzi Elena , Macchini Marina , van den Bent Martin J , Del Conte Gianluca , de Jonge Maja , Martín-Soberón Maria Cruz , Amoroso Barbara , Sanchez-Perez Tania , Zuraek Marlene , Hanna Bishoy , Aronchik Ida , Filvaroff Ellen , Chang Henry , Mendez Cristina , Arias Parro Marina , Wei Xin , Nikolova Zariana , Sepulveda Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM), consisting of surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), has improved outcomes compared with RT alone; however, prognosis remains poor. Trotabresib, a novel bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with high-grade gliomas.

Methods
In this phase Ib, dose-escalation study (NCT04324840), we investigated trotabresib 15, 30, and 45 mg combined with TMZ in the adjuvant setting and trotabresib 15 and 30 mg combined with TMZ+RT in the concomitant setting in patients with ndGBM. Primary endpoints were to determine safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of trotabresib. Secondary endpoints were assessment of preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics were investigated as an exploratory endpoint.

Results
The adjuvant and concomitant cohorts enrolled 18 and 14 patients, respectively. Trotabresib in combination with TMZ or TMZ+RT was well tolerated; most treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate. Trotabresib pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both settings were consistent with previous data for trotabresib monotherapy. The RP2D of trotabresib was selected as 30 mg 4 days on/24 days off in both settings. At last follow-up, 5 (28%) and 6 (43%) patients remain on treatment in the adjuvant and concomitant settings, respectively, with 1 patient in the adjuvant cohort achieving complete response.

Conclusions
Trotabresib combined with TMZ in the adjuvant setting and with TMZ+RT in the concomitant setting was safe and well tolerated in patients with ndGBM, with encouraging treatment durations. Trotabresib 30 mg was established as the RP2D in both settings.
Psychotic Symptom, Mood, and Cognition-associated Multimodal MRI Reveal Shared Links to the Salience Network Within the Psychosis Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Liang Chuang , Pearlson Godfrey , Bustillo Juan , Kochunov Peter , Turner Jessica A , Wen Xuyun , Jiang Rongtao , Fu Zening , Zhang Xiao , Li Kaicheng , Xu Xijia , Zhang Daoqiang , Qi Shile , Calhoun Vince D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), and psychotic bipolar disorder share substantial overlap in clinical phenotypes, associated brain abnormalities and risk genes, making reliable diagnosis among the three illness challenging, especially in the absence of distinguishing biomarkers. This investigation aims to identify multimodal brain networks related to psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition through reference-guided fusion to discriminate among SZ, SAD, and BP.
Psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition were used as references to supervise functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion to identify multimodal brain networks for SZ, SAD, and BP individually. These features were then used to assess the ability in discriminating among SZ, SAD, and BP. We observed shared links to functional and structural covariation in prefrontal, medial temporal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices among SZ, SAD, and BP, although they were linked with different clinical domains. The salience (SAN), default mode (DMN), and fronto-limbic (FLN) networks were the three identified multimodal MRI features within the psychosis spectrum disorders from psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition associations. In addition, using these networks, we can classify patients and controls and distinguish among SZ, SAD, and BP, including their first-degree relatives. The identified multimodal SAN may be informative regarding neural mechanisms of comorbidity for psychosis spectrum disorders, along with DMN and FLN may serve as potential biomarkers in discriminating among SZ, SAD, and BP, which may help investigators better understand the underlying mechanisms of psychotic comorbidity from three different disorders via a multimodal neuroimaging perspective.
Clinical Instructors’ Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nursing Students
Authors: Al-husban Raya Yousef , Shudifat Raed Mohammed , Tarawneh Fatima Salem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Caring is considered a vital aspect of nursing. This study explored Jordanian nursing students’ perceptions of their clinical instructors’ caring behaviors. A cross-sectional approach was taken. Data were collected from 212 nursing students using the Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Instructor Caring instrument developed by Wade and Kasper. Nursing students were found to have generally positive responses toward their clinical instructors, perceiving them as caring rather than uncaring. Clinical instructors’ caring behaviors had a positive impact on nursing students’ caring behaviors.
Assessment of Natural Radiation Exposure Due to 222Rn and External Radiation Sources: Case of the Far North, Cameroon
Authors: François Koyang , Richard Awe , Samuel Bineng Guillaume , Ayoba Ndimantchi , Yerima Abba Hamadou , Saïdou  , Hubert Ben-Bolie Germain 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses public exposure to natural radioactivity from radon and external radiation sources in the Far North region, Cameroon, and studies the correlation between radon data obtained using several techniques. The RADTRAK, RadonEye, and Markus 10 detectors were used to measure radon concentrations in dwellings and soil, respectively. To understand radon variations in the study area, a correlation coefficient between radon in soil and in dwellings was determined. The ambient equivalent dose rate was measured using a RadEye PRD-ER, and the effective doses from internal and external radiation were determined. In soil, 20% of the measuring points had a concentration above 50 kBq m−3, the action value for radon exposure from soil according to Swedish Radiation Protection Institute regulations. After 90 d of measurement using RADTRAK, half of the concentrations in the dwellings were greater than or equal to 160 Bq m−3, which is above the WHO reference level of 100 Bq m−3. The ambient equivalent dose rate and the external and internal radiation effective dose were 0.08 μSv h−1, 0.6 mSv y−1, and 2.86 mSv y−1, respectively. These results reveal a strong correlation between the radioactivity level of a locality and its geological and mineralogical structure. Although these different results in general do not present a very high risk of radiological exposure for the public, it is nevertheless necessary that the rules of radiation protection are respected in order to reduce it.
EPR Investigation of Temporal and Thermal Stability of Irradiated Sweeteners
Authors: Abdelrahman Fatma M. , Hayes Robert B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study the dosimetric properties of commercial sweeteners (sucrose, saccharin, and stevia). The results concluded that sugar has dosimetric properties of interest, which makes it suitable for dose reconstruction, emergency response, and nuclear forensics applications. The radiation dose response was investigated by irradiating samples up to 10 Gy and found to be linear. The post-irradiation stability of samples was observed to be useful for the intended applications. The results showed that the post-irradiation intensities vary from one sample to another, with the general trend demonstrating a small increase in intensities shortly after irradiation followed by an approximately constant leveling out. Finally, the effect of isochronal annealing was studied by heating samples to various temperatures. The results showed an overall stable behavior of the signal below melting temperature.
Deep learning for myocardial ischemia auxiliary diagnosis using CZT SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Su Ting-Yi , Chen Jui-Jen , Chen Wei-Shiang , Chang Yen-Hsiang , Lu Henry Horng-Shing 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The World Health Organization reported that cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. On average, one person dies of heart disease every 26 min worldwide. Deep learning approaches are characterized by the appropriate combination of abnormal features based on numerous annotated images. The constructed convolutional neural network (CNN) model can identify normal states of reversible and irreversible myocardial defects and alert physicians for further diagnosis.

Methods:
Cadmium zinc telluride single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion resting-state images were collected at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and were analyzed with a deep learning convolutional neural network to classify myocardial perfusion images for coronary heart diseases.

Results:
In these grey-scale images, the heart blood flow distribution was the most crucial feature. The deep learning technique of You Only Look Once was used to determine the myocardial defect area and crop the images. After surrounding noise had been eliminated, a three-dimensional CNN model was used to identify patients with coronary heart diseases. The prediction area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was 90.97, 87.08, 86.49, and 87.41%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our prototype system can considerably reduce the time required for image interpretation and improve the quality of medical care. It can assist clinical experts by offering accurate coronary heart disease diagnosis in practice.
Significance of strictly defined idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Lee Jen-Yuan , Li Wen-Yao , Wu Chun-I , Huang Mu-Shiang , Lee Wen-Huang , Liu Yen-Wen , Tsai Wei-Chuan 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is known to cause right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Although TR is traditionally classified as primary or secondary, recently, a new class of TR called idiopathic TR has been proposed, with varying definitions among different studies.

Methods:
The data were retrospectively collected for the period of January to June 2018 for 8711 patients from the patient cohort of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital echocardiography laboratory. A total of 670 patients (7.7%) with moderate-to-severe TR were included. Idiopathic TR was diagnosed strictly using a new systematic approach.

Results:
The distribution of significant TR included 74 (11.0%) primary TR cases, 48 (7.2%) with pacemaker-related TR, 267 (39.9%) with left heart disease, 24 (3.6%) with congenital heart disease, 6 (0.9%) with RV myopathy, 105 (15.7%) with pulmonary hypertension, and 146 (21.8%) with idiopathic TR. The mean age in primary and idiopathic TR groups was older (p = 0.004), with lower estimated pulmonary pressure (p < 0.001), higher RV fraction area change (FAC, p < 0.001), and tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (S’, p = 0.004) compared with functional TR group. Multivariate analysis showed that idiopathic TR (p = 0.002) and primary TR (p = 0.008) had better RV FAC than functional TR.

Conclusion:
Idiopathic TR was associated with better RV function than the other secondary TRs. Thus, idiopathic TR should be strictly defined and regarded as a distinct type of TR.
Interaction of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Cervical Tissue Susceptibility to HIV Infection and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Coleman Jenell S. , Diniz Clarissa P. , Fuchs Edward J. , Marzinke Mark A. , Aung Wutyi , Bakshi Rahul P. , Farzadegan Homayoon , Bream Jay H. , Nilles Tricia L. , Hudson Sherry , Bumpus Namandjé N. , Schwartz George J. , Rosenblum Michael A. , Rooney James F. , Hendrix Craig W. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a widely used contraceptive method. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) is highly effective in reducing HIV acquisition in women. We sought to determine the impact of DMPA on F/TDF pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Methods:
Twelve healthy premenopausal cisgender women were enrolled and each completed 4 sequential conditions: (1) baseline, (2) steady-state F/TDF alone, (3) steady-state F/TDF + DMPA, and (4) DMPA alone. Assessments included clinical, pharmacokinetic, viral infectivity (ex vivo challenge of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by X4- and R5-tropic green fluorescent protein pseudoviruses and cervical tissue by HIVBaL), endocrine, immune cell phenotyping, and renal function.

Results:
Compared with baseline, F/TDF (± DMPA) significantly decreased both %R5- and X4-infected CD4 T cells and F/TDF + DMPA decreased cervical explant p24 (all P < 0.05). The %R5- and X4-infected CD4 T cells were higher during DMPA alone than during F/TDF periods and lower than baseline (not statistically significant). Cervical explant p24 fell between baseline and F/TDF values (not statistically significant). There were neither statistically significant differences in F/TDF pharmacokinetics, including total or renal clearance of either antiviral drug, nor changes in glomerular filtration rate with the addition of DMPA. There were few immune cell phenotypic differences across conditions.

Conclusions:
F/TDF decreased HIV infection in both challenge assays, whereas DMPA alone did not enhance HIV infection in either challenge assay. DMPA did not alter F/TDF pharmacokinetics or renal function.
Human brucellosis: An observational study from a tertiary care centre in northern India
Authors: Kumari Renu , Kalyan Raj Kumar , Jain Amita , Kumar Puneet , Gupta Kamlesh Kumar , Jahan Asmat , Manoj Anunaya 
Published: October 2022

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals. In humans, brucellosis begins with chronic illness leading to great financial losses from not being able to work well and continued treatment costs. Joint pain is the common presentation of brucellosis and there are several risk factors associated with brucellosis. But few such researches have come from northern India. We studied to detect and characterize the Brucella species from patients having complaints of joint pain and also to know the potential causes of human brucellosis. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from the participants having joints pain, from September 2019 to September 2021 at Gandhi memorial and associated hospital of King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and tested by serology for anti brucella IgM and IgG, molecular tests by RTPCR, conventional PCR and automated blood culture system. The study showed positive results by anti-brucella IgM ELISA 19 (9.5%), anti brucella IgG 23 (11.5%), and of those, 1 (0.5%) was positive for both anti-brucella IgM and anti-brucella IgG ELISA. Out of 19 anti-brucella IgM ELISA positive, 8 (4%) samples were positive for PCR/ RT-PCR and that was negative for anti-brucella IgG ELISA. All blood culture reports of all patients were negative. Our study concluded that anti-brucella IgM ELISA was more accurate than anti-brucella IgG ELISA in detecting human brucellosis. Consumption of animal products (i.e. milk, a dairy product of cow, buffalo, goat, and meat of goat) and contact with animals were the main risk factors that were identified for brucella disease.
Angular reproduction numbers improve estimates of transmissibility when disease generation times are misspecified or time-varying
Authors: Parag Kris V , Cowling Benjamin J , Lambert Ben C 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe introduce theangular reproduction numberΩ, which measures time-varying changes in epidemic transmissibility resulting from variations in both the effective reproduction numberR, and generation time distributionw. Predominant approaches for tracking pathogen spread either inferRor the epidemic growth rater. However,Ris biased by mismatches between the assumed and truew, whileris difficult to interpret in terms of the individual-level branching process underpinning transmission.Randrmay also disagree on the relative transmissibility of epidemics or variants (i.e.,rA>rBdoes not implyRA>RBfor variants A and B). We find that Ω responds meaningfully to mismatches and time-variations inwwhile mostly maintaining the interpretability ofR. We prove that Ω>1 impliesR>1 and that Ω agrees withron the relative transmissibility of pathogens. Estimating Ω is no more difficult than inferringR, uses existing software, and requires no generation time measurements. These advantages come at the expense of selecting one free parameter. We propose Ω as complementary statistic toRandrthat improves transmissibility estimates whenwis misspecified or time-varying and better reflects the impact of interventions, when those interventions concurrently changeRandwor alter the relative risk of co-circulating pathogens.
Changes in Treatment and Severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program
Authors: Schuchard Julia , Thacker Deepika , Webb Ryan , Bailey Charles , Bennett Tellen D. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Jhaveri Ravi , Jone Pei-Ni , Lee Grace M. , Maltenfort Mitchell , Mejias Asuncion , Rogerson Colin M. , Schulert Grant S. , Mendonca Eneida A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine how the treatment and severity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has changed over more than two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.MethodsElectronic health record data were retrieved from the PEDSnet network as part of the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative. The study included data for children ages 0 to 20 years hospitalized for MIS-C from March 1, 2020 through July 20, 2022. Descriptive statistics for MIS-C treatments and laboratory results were computed for three time periods of interest: March 1, 2020 – May 31, 2021 (pre-Delta); June 1 – December 31, 2021 (primarily Delta); January 1 – July 20, 2022 (primarily Omicron). Standardized differences measured the effect size of the difference between Omicron and pre-Omicron cohorts.ResultsThe study included 946 children with a diagnosis of MIS-C. The largest differences in the Omicron period compared to prior years were decreases in the percentage of children with abnormal troponin (effect size = 0.40), abnormal lymphocytes (effect size = 0.33), and intensive care unit (ICU) visits (effect size = 0.34). There were small decreases in the Omicron period for the majority of treatments and abnormal laboratory measurements examined, including infliximab, anticoagulants, furosemide, aspirin, IVIG without steroids, echocardiograms, mechanical ventilation, platelets, ferritin, and sodium.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence that the severity of MIS-C declined in the first half of the year 2022 relative to prior years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Article SummaryUsing electronic health record data for 946 children, we found evidence that the severity of MIS-C declined during the first half of the year 2022.What’s Known on This SubjectThe clinical management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has commonly included intravenous immune globulin, steroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Many children with MIS-C have required intravenous fluids, inotropes and vasopressors, and in some cases, mechanical ventilation.What This Study AddsRecent decreases in the percentage of children with MIS-C that have abnormal troponin, abnormal lymphocytes, or intensive care unit visits provide evidence that the severity of MIS-C has declined in the first half of the year 2022.
Distribution of gestational age by maternal and infant characteristics in US birth certificate data: informing gestational age assumptions when clinical estimates are not available
Authors: Margulis Andrea V , Calingaert Brian , Kawai Alison T , Rivero-Ferrer Elena , Anthony Mary S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe aimed to describe the distribution of gestational age at birth (GAB) to inform the estimation of GAB when clinical or obstetric estimates are not available for perinatal epidemiologic research. We estimated GAB (median, mode, mean, standard deviation) and percentage born at each gestational week in groups based on plurality and other variables for live births in CDC’s US birth data.In 2020, 3,617,213 newborns had birth certificates with nonmissing GAB. Among singletons (3,501,693), median and mode GAB were both 39 weeks. Births with lower median GAB were from women with eclampsia (37 weeks) or receiving intensive care (37 weeks); newborns receiving intensive care (37 weeks); infants with birth weight < 2,500 grams (35 weeks), < 1,500 grams (28 weeks), or < 1,000 grams (25 weeks); and newborns not discharged alive (23 weeks). Among twins (112,633), median GAB was 36 weeks (mode, 37 weeks). Additional noteworthy groups were women with 7-8 (median, 35 weeks) or 0-6 prenatal visits (median, 34 weeks) or aged 15-19 years (median, 35 weeks).Some maternal and infant groups had distinct GAB distributions in the US. This information can be useful in estimating GAB when individual-level clinical estimates are not available.