bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Emulgel Formulation of Jernang Resin Extract (Daemonorops Draco (Willd) Blume)
Authors: M Wulandari , A Arianto , Y Yuandani 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Daemonorops draco (Willd) Blume is a plant that produces jernang, which is a red resin that sticks to the outer skin of the fruit. Also known as dragon's blood, it is used as a traditional medicine for wound healing, anti-diarrhea, etc. as a natural coloring agent. Emulgel is an emulsion that contains a gel base in a certain ratio. Emulgel has the advantages of increasing drug absorption, easy to apply and more comfortable, not sticky on the skin. This study aims to determine the class of secondary metabolites contained in jernang in the form of simplicia and their extracts and to make jernang resin extract emulgel preparations that can be used as wound medicine.
Method: Jernang simplicia collected by dry method. The extract was made by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, separating the solvent using a rotary evaporator and concentrating it on a water bath. Phytochemical screening was carried out on simplicia and extracts. The emulsion formulation of jernang resin extract was made in three formulas with various levels of extracts P1 (2.5%), P2 (5%) and P3 (7.5%), using Tween 80 and Isopropyl myristate (IPA) as surfactants and oil phase, and 1% Carbopol as a gel base, then the emulgel was made with a ratio of emulsion and gel base of 4: 1 so that the variations of the extract were made into three formulas P4 (2%), P5 (4%) and P6 (6%)
RESULTS: The results of phytochemical screening showed that jernang simplicia contained flavonoid, glycoside and saponin compounds. Also compounds that are non-polar, namely steroids / triterpenoids. Whereas in the form of the extract it contains flavonoid class compounds, this is because the 96% ethanol solvent is semi-polar so that the compounds contained in the ethanol extract are polar compounds, namely flavonoids which are the largest content of compounds in jernang. Jernang P4 extract emulgel (2%) organoleptically has the best physical appearance, has the characteristics of a thick, slightly clear consistency, brownish red color, has a distinctive smell of jernang mixed with the aroma of Tween 80, and is homogeneous.
Conclusion: Based on the test results, it can be concluded that in the form of jernang simplicia, it contains polar compounds (flavonoids, glycosides and saponins) and non-polar (steroid / terponoid groups) and in the form of jernang resin extract contains flavonoid class compounds. Organoleptically, the jernang resin extract emulgel with a content of 2% (P4) is the best formula compared to other formulas.
Ketorolac Tromethamine for Sustained Ocular Delivery; Novel In-Situ Gels Development and Evaluation
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Sharma Vandana , Sharma Mukesh , Soni S. L 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Ophthalmic ketorolac is used to treat itchy eyes caused by allergies. It also is used to treat swelling and redness (inflammation) that can occur after cataract surgery. Ketorolac is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Methods: Ocular bioavailability is always poor from conventional ophthalmic drops due to spillage and nasolachrymal drainage. Ocular in situ gels can increase the drug residence time thus increasing bioavailability. Polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 934) was used as the gelling agent in combination with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K4M) which acted as a viscosity enhancing agent. Compatibility studies of the drug excipients were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared formulations were characterized for clarity, pH, drug content, sol-to-gel transition by scanning electron microscopy, in-vitro and in-vivo drug release, ocular irritation and stability.
Results: FTIR spectras revealed that, there was no interaction between LEV and excipients. The formulated gels were transparent, uniform in consistency and had spreadability with a pH range of 7.1 to 7.4. Rheological studies revealed that the formulations were psuedoplastic in nature, drug content of sterile in situ gels was found to be 92-98%.Release kinetic study showed that the formulation followed first order diffusion controlled and the optimized formulations was having good antibacterial efficacy.
Conclusion: The said promising formulation (F4) would be able to offer benefits such as increase residence time, prolonged drug release, reduction in frequency of administration and thereby definitely prove to improve the patient compliance.
Structural and Functional Models for Building New Generation Automated and Robotic Dairy Farms
Authors: Kirsanov V. V. 
Published: March 2022

The authors showed that large dairy complexes for over 2,000 cows create an increased environmental burden on the environment. The main tasks arising in this case were named: creating an optimal indoor microclimate for different age and gender groups of animals; providing sparing and comfortable modes of technological, veterinary and sanitary care and keeping animals; waste recycling; increasing the productive longevity of cows up to 4-5 lactations. (Research purpose) To develop methodologies for modular construction of an expanded standard-size range of new generation automated and robotic livestock farms. (Materials and methods) The authors proposed the main criteria and indicators for building a "smart" farm: minimum feed costs per unit of production; reduced energy consumption; optimal capital intensity of equipment and engineering structures per one livestock place; the minimum cost per unit of production with its high quality. The authors received the criterion equation for the total functional of the dairy farm. (Results and discussion) The authors analyzed the structural and functional diagrams of various configuration and size dairy farms (T-H-shaped), including combined storage farms, which make it possible to create a combined functional and logistics infrastructure consisting of standard modular units. The authors proposed the concept of building a technological module for a "smart" robotic farm for 400 heads with combined sectional feed and waste storage facilities, a robotic milking parlor, a multifunctional electrified robotic feed loader-pusher-dispenser and equipment for microclimate differentiated provision. (Conclusions) The authors developed methods, models, structural and functional schemes for modular construction of new generation automated and robotic dairy farms of various shapes and sizes. Their following advantages were confirmed: the optimal construction time, a sparing effect on biological objects and the environment, an increase in the production digitalization and automation level, the animal productive longevity, the dairy farming profitability in general.
PEMANFAATAN VIDEO ANIMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK DAN BERBICARA PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Habibah Ibah , Nafiqoh Heni 
Published: March 2022

Language skills in children should be stimulated and developed from an early age. Part of the language skills that must be possessed by children is the ability of children to listen and speak. The ability to listen to children serves to understand and develop knowledge in the future while the ability to speak serves to express what is in the mind and to communicate. There are so many ways to stimulate children's language skills to develop, including by utilizing animated videos as learning media that are tailored to the ongoing learning theme. Thus, children will feel more interested and can learn in a fun way without feeling bored with learning techniques that only use textbooks and assignments. This research was conducted at RA NURUL IKHWAN BANDUNG, on 12 children in group B using the results of observations and interviews as data collection techniques and made qualitative descriptive as a research method. The results of this study are an increase in language skills after using animated videos as learning media.Kemampuan bahasa pada anak sejatinya harus dirangsang dan dikembangkan sejak anak usia dini. Bagian dari kemampuan bahasa yang harus dimiliki oleh anak adalah kemampuan anak dalam menyimak dan berbicara. Kemampuan menyimak anak berfungsi untuk memahami dan mengembangkan pengetahuan dimasa yang akan datang sedangkan kemampuan berbicara berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan yang ada dalam pikiran dan untuk berkomunikasi. Begitu banyak cara yang dilakukan agar merangsang kemampuan bahasa anak berkembang, diantaranya dengan memanfaatkan video animasi sebagai media pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan tema pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung. Dengan demikian anak akan merasa lebih tertarik dan dapat belajar dengan cara yang menyenangkan tanpa merasa bosan dengan teknik pembelajaran yang hanya menggunakan buku paket dan pemberian tugas. Penelitian ini di lakukan di RA NURUL IKHWAN BANDUNG, pada 12 orang anak pada kelompok B dengan menggunakan hasil observasi dan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data serta menjadikan deskriptif kualitatif sebagai metode penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya peningkatan kemampuan bahasa setelah menggunakan video animasi sebagai media pembelajaran.
MENUMBUHKAN JIWA ENTREPRENEURSHIP MELALUI KEGIATAN IBU DAN ANAK DI PAUD AZZAHRA INSAN KAMIL
Authors: Suharjono Jono , Rohmalina Rohmalina 
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted and the background of the lack of stimulation in cultivating the entrepreneurial spirit of children from an early age is still difficult for group B students to do which requires guidance and participation of parents, especially a mother in the implementation process. In PAUD Insan Kamil the learning method is still monotonous, therefore the researcher aims to carry out activities for children and mothers in increasing the entrepreneurial spirit through role-playing activities as traders. This study aims to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of children through mother and child activities by playing the role of traders in schools. This research was conducted at the Azzahra Insan Kamil PAUD in group B. The subjects in this study were 10 children consisting of 7 boys and 3 girls. The methodology in this study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation and data analysis using data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, simple activities carried out by mothers and children with role-playing activities as traders can foster an entrepreneurial spirit in children.Penelitian ini dilakukan dan dilatarbelakangi kurangnya stimulasi dalam menumbuhkan jiwa entrepeneurship anak sejak usia dini, secara nyata masih sulit dilakukan oleh anak didik kelompok B yang mana perlu bimbingan dan peran serta orang tua khususnya seorang ibu dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Di PAUD Insan Kamil dalam metode pembelajaran masih monoton maka dari itu peneliti bertujuan untuk melakukan kegiatan anak dan ibu dalam meningkatkan jiwa entrepreunership melalui kegiatan bermain peran sebagai pedagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan jiwa entrepreuneurship anak melalui kegiatan ibu dan anak dengan bermain peran sebagai pedagang yang dilakukan di sekolah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PAUD Azzahra Insan Kamil pada kelompok B. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 anak yang terdiri dari 7 anak laki-laki dan 3 anak perempuan. Metodologi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dan analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan kegiatan sederhana yang dilakukan oleh ibu dan anak dengan kegiatan bermain peran menjadi pedagang dapat menumbuhkan jiwa entrepreuneurship pada anak.
PEMBELAJARAN DARING DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN FUN COOKING KELOMPOK B TK PARIPURNA 3 CIMAHI
Authors: Pertiwi Ria Martina , Nurunnisa Rita 
Published: March 2022

The research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of language skills in children. In learning activities, educators do not develop language skills, this can be seen from conventional learning by only using the blackboard at school. The process of learning activities does not look child-centered but looks teacher-centered, for that researchers suggest that every teacher carry out learning activities using media so that learning will feel alive and fun for children. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with research subjects in group A children of TKQ Madinatul Islam. Data collection techniques: observation, interviews and documentation, data analysis: data reduction, data display, and data verification/conclusion. Learning activities using flannel board media were carried out, based on data analysis at first the children had a little difficulty in using the media but when the teacher gave directions, guidance, and rules for playing the flannel board media, the children became more proficient and looked engrossed in playing the flannel board media, it can be seen when they play letters, say letters, string letters into their names, even with the flannel board media, children can imitate and write their names in their books. The conclusion is that improving language skills in children can be done using flannel board media.Dikarenakan adanya wabah penyakit Covid-19, pemberian stimulasi perkembangan untuk perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, fisik motorik, sosial emosional, agama dan moral serta seni harus dilakukan di rumah masing-masing peserta didik. Aspek perkembangan kognitif adalah aspek utama yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan aspek yang lain. Melihat kenyataan di lapangan bahwa begitu beragamnya permasalahan mengenai perkembangan kognitif sesuai dengan variabel anak usia dini apalagi dengan ditambah pembelajarannya dilakukan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif anak dalam pembelajaran daring di TK Paripurna 3 Cimahi melalui kegiatan fun cooking. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelompok B, dengan jumlah anak 10 orang, 7 anak perempuan dan 3 anak laki-laki.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak melalui kegiatan fun cookingpada saat pembelajaran daring.Teknikpengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti menggunakan teknikobservasi, perekaman,dan wawancara untuk memperjelashasil observasi pembelajaran online,danmeningkatkan perkembangan kognitif anak melalui kegiatan fun cookingkelompok B TK Paripurna 3 Cimahi. Analisis data yang digunakan telahmelalui tahapanreduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Melalui hasil penelitian, diperoleh informasi adanya peningkatan perkembangan kognitif anak dalam pembelajaran daring melalui kegiatan fun cookingterutama dalam berfikir logis.
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM PROSES MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Yanti Mustika , Sumitra Agus , Wulansuci Ghina 
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the presence of children who are rather difficult in speaking and the high level of learning difficulties of children during the pandemic at TK Permata Bunda. To improve the child's speaking process, one of them is by using audio-visual media. Therefore, this study aims to describe the scenario and implementation of the Effectiveness of Audio-Visual Media in the process of improving children's speaking skills. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the research subjects of group B children in Kindergarten Permata Bunda, which has 12 children. Collecting data using interview instruments, observation sheets, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and verification or concluding, this study showed that children's speaking skills developed very well after using audio-visual media in eight meetings. Audio-visual media is one of the tools that children are interested in in the learning process that is more fun during a pandemic like today so that children can speak fluently, children dare to express ideas to others, children dare to ask and answer questions, children dare to convey activities that have been done, and can compose sentences properly and correctly. These results indicate that audio-visual media can improve children's speech development.Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya anak yang agak sulit dalam berbicara dan tingginya tingkat kesulitan belajar anak selama pandemic di TK.Permata Bunda.Untuk meningkatkan proses berbicara anak, salah satunya dengan menggunakan media audio visual.Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan skenario dan implementasidariEfektifitas Media Audio Visual dalam proses meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian anak kelompok B di TK Permata Bunda yang berjumlah 12 orang anak.Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen wawancara, lembar observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, display data dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukan hasil bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak berkembang sangat baik setelah menggunakan media audio visual dalam delapan kali pertemuan. Media audio visual merupakan salah satu alat yang diminati anak dalam proses pembelajaran yang lebih menyenangkan di masa pandemi seperti sekarang ini, sehingga anak dapat berbicara dengan lancar, anak berani mengemukakan Ide kepada orang lain, anak berani bertanya dan menjawab pertanyaan, anak berani menyampaikan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, dan dapat menyusun kalimat dengan baik dan benar. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa media audio visual dapat meningkatkan perkembangan berbicara anak.
The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Increases the Oxidation of Ingested Fatty Acids to Ketones in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Herring Roselle A. , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Stevenage Mary , Parsons Iain , Jackson Nicola , Mendis Jeewaka , Middleton Benita , Umpleby A. Margot , Fielding Barbara A. , Davies Melanie , Russell-Jones David L. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanism for increased ketogenesis following treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The design was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with a 4-week washout period. Participants received dapagliflozin or placebo in random order for 4 weeks. After each treatment, they ingested 30 mL of olive oil containing [U-13C]palmitate to measure ketogenesis, with blood sampling for 480 min. Stable isotopes of glucose and glycerol were infused to measure glucose flux and lipolysis, respectively, at 450–480 min.

RESULTS
Glucose excretion rate was higher and peripheral glucose uptake lower with dapagliflozin than placebo. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentrations and [13C2]BOHB concentrations were higher and glucose concentrations lower with dapagliflozin than placebo. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were higher with dapagliflozin at 300 and 420 min, but lipolysis at 450–480 min was not different. Triacylglycerol at all time points and endogenous glucose production rate at 450–480 min were not different between treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
The increase in ketone enrichment from the ingested palmitic acid tracer suggests that meal-derived fatty acids contribute to the increase in ketones during treatment with dapagliflozin. The increase in BOHB concentration with dapagliflozin occurred with only minimal changes in plasma NEFA concentration and no change in lipolysis. This finding suggests a metabolic switch to increase ketogenesis within the liver.
Organizational Commitment: It’s Mediating Role in the Effect of Human Resource Management Practices and Workplace Spirituality on Employee Performance
Authors: Labetubun Mario Roberto , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Manuati 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of human resource management practices and workplace spirituality on employee performance and the role of organizational commitment as mediating variable in such relationships. The samples used in this study are 93 marketing and frontliner officers at Bank Rakyat Indonesia, determined by random sampling method. Questionnairs are used as data collection method. This research uses Partial Least Square analysis technique. The results show that human resource management practices, workplace spirituality, organizational commitment has a positive effect on employee performance. Additionally, human resource management practices and workplace spirituality have positive effects on organizational commitment. The findings also show that organizational commitment as partially mediated on the effect of human resource management practices and workplace spirituality on employee performance. The implications of this study are employees will perform well if they have a loyal nature to fully devote their abilities, maintain membership and have pride in the organization where they work. Human resource management practice is very important to be implemented by an organization and is designed in such a way that it can capture quality potential from the internal and external environment, train and develop, evaluate work results and reward for the sacrifices made so as to have a positive effect on employee contributions in the organization. Workplace spirituality is also very important for organizations to pay attention to. The Bank is expected to provide perceptions to employees through the values contained in workplace spirituality so that employees feel togetherness, positive values in the organization, positive values for society, feel happy and the value of employee spirituality.
E.coli Outbreak, Romania and Crisis Communication: A Case Study on the Brădet Dairy Products
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Romania, MICLEA Ioan 
Published: March 2022

The E.coli outbreak in Romania and the crisis of the babies’ illness in Romania has evolved between February 4 and April 12, 2016. Throughout this period, the media emphasized the crisis by putting pressure on Romanian institutions to find out the cause of these mass diseases (Cioacă, Briciu, 2017, 307). Starting from these data, this paper aims to examine how the instructional risk messages are communicated to the large public by the Romanian online media outlets. Using the IDEA Model for effective instructional risk and crisis messages (Sellnow et al., 2012) and the Exemplification theory (Zillmann, 1999), this research presents a content analysis of online news articles published by 48 media outlets. The findings showed that the most used IDEA element is Explanation(E), constructed by emphasizing scientific information combined with the presence of the national institutions and experts. This element was used together with the element of Internalization(I), constructed by the emphasis of proximity and personal relevance for the publics. Three main themes could be highlighted: (1). the quest for the disease source; (2). the personal relevance of the epidemic; (3). the effective measures associated with the actions/statements of national experts.