bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroaggregates of loam in sandy soil show little influence on maize growth, due to local adaptations of root architecture to soil heterogeneity
Authors: Lippold Eva , Lucas Maik , Fahrenkampf Toni , Schlüter Steffen , Vetterlein Doris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
Root hairs and lateral growth are root traits among many which enable plants to adapt to environmental conditions. How different traits are coordinated under local heterogeneity, especially when two or more environmental factors vary in space, is currently poorly understood. We investigated the effect of heterogeneity on root system architecture of maize in response to the presence of loamy macroaggregates, which come along with both, increased penetration resistance and nutrient availability, i.e., two important environmental factors shaping root system architecture. The comparison between a mutant with defective root hairs and the corresponding wild type made it possible to investigate the importance of root hairs in the adaptation strategies of plant roots to these factors.

Methods
Changes in root growth and root distribution with respect to macroaggregates were investigated using X-ray computed tomography. The wild-type of Zea mays L. was compared with the root hair defective mutant (rth3) to investigate the importance of root hairs in addition to adaption of root architecture.

Results
The presence of aggregates lead to increased root length and branch densities around aggregates, while only a few roots were able to grow into them. Thereby, wildtype and rth3 were influenced in the same way. Aboveground biomass, however, was not affected by the presence of macroaggregates, as compared to controls with homogenously distributed loam.

Conclusions
Macroaggregation of loam in sandy soil shows little influence on maize growth, due to local adaptations of root architecture to the heterogeneity in nutrient availability and penetration resistance caused by the aggregates.
Complex Coacervation and Precipitation Between Soluble Pea Proteins and Apple Pectin
Authors: Salminen Hanna , Sachs Melody , Schmitt Christophe , Weiss Jochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComplex formation (leading to either coacervation or precipitation) offers a tool to generate plant-based novel food structures and textures. This study investigated the formation of complexes between soluble pea proteins and apple pectin upon varying the protein-to-pectin ratio (r = 2:1 to 10:1), pH (3–7), and temperature (25 and 85 °C) with a total biopolymer concentration set to 1% (w/w). The results showed that predominantly soluble biopolymer complexes were formed at pH 5, and at low ratio (r = 2:1), whereas lowering the pH to more acidic condition, and to higher ratios (r = 4:1–10:1) induced the formation of more insoluble biopolymer complexes. In general, the mean particle sizes of the biopolymer complexes ranged between approximately 20 and 100 μm. Upon heating to 85 °C, the amount of insoluble biopolymer complexes increased at pH 3–5 at all ratios, except at r = 2:1. In addition, the complex sizes became somewhat larger at r = 2:1 to 6:1 upon heat treatment, whereas only trivial size changes were observed at higher ratios (r = 8:1 to 10:1). Overall, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions played a major role in the complex formation between the soluble pea proteins and apple pectin. These findings are important for designing solely plant-based food structures.
Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Health Care Utilization and Medical Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes
Authors: Ye Bei-zhu , Wang Xiao-yu , Wang Yu-fan , Liu Nan-nan , Xie Min , Gao Xiao , Liang Yuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To determine the impact of smoking on disease-specific health care utilization and medical costs in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods
Participants were middle-aged and elderly adults with chronic NCDs from a prospective cohort in China. Logistic regressions and linear models were used to assess the relationship between tobacco smoking, health care utilization and medical costs.

Results
Totally, 1020 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 3144 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and 1405 patients with diabetes were included in the analysis. Among patients with COPD, current smokers (β: 0.030, 95% CI: −0.032–0.092) and former smokers (β: 0.072, 95% CI: 0.014–0.131) had 3.0% and 7.2% higher total medical costs than never smokers. Medical costs of patients who had smoked for 21–40 years (β: 0.028, 95% CI:−0.038–0.094) and ≥41 years (β: 0.053, 95% CI: −0.004β0.110) were higher than those of never smokers. Patients who smoked ≥21 cigarettes (β: 0.145, 95% CI: 0.051–0.239) per day had more inpatient visits than never smokers. The association between smoking and health care utilization and medical costs in people with CHD group was similar to that in people with COPD; however, there were no significant associations in people with diabetes.

Conclusion
This study reveals that the impact of smoking on health care utilization and medical costs varies among patients with COPD, CHD, and diabetes. Tobacco control might be more effective at reducing the burden of disease for patients with COPD and CHD than for patients with diabetes.
Augmented reality-delivered product information at the point of sale: when information controllability backfires
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan , Joerß Tom , Mai Robert , Akbar Payam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAugmented reality-delivered product information (ARPI) can overcome the limited space at the point of sale to inform shoppers on demand and will therefore become more widespread in brick-and-mortar stores. To fill the void of academic research, this paper develops a model of how consumers process ARPI and how ARPI can shape brand image and purchase intentions. Making use of the cues-filtered-out theory, this paper suggests that the effect of ARPI controllability depends on information detailedness. An unintended backfire effect of controllability occurs when the accessible information is detailed, which is explained by the mediating process via perceived comprehensiveness. This backfire effect is a risk primarily in busy shopping times. The main experiment conducted in a hypermarket and four follow-up studies (using field, lab, and video settings) empirically confirm the proposed model on the basis of different data sources, including usage tracking, questionnaires, and scanner data. The paper derives managerial implications and outlines directions for future research.
In search of member needs in coworking spaces
Authors: Rådman Erik , Johansson Erik , Bosch-Sijtsema Petra , Raharjo Hendry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoworking spaces represent a new trend for future workplaces. As more building owners are interested in running coworking space businesses, it becomes important to understand both why a potential member chooses one space over another and how to keep existing members at a coworking site. A sound understanding of member needs can make a difference. Unfortunately, very few studies have been conducted as to understanding a member’s basic needs in coworking spaces. In this paper, we aim to identify member’s needs in three coworking spaces in Sweden. Participant observations, immersion, and interviews were used for data collection. The member needs are categorized and structured through the lens of self-determination theory. In total, we uncovered, formulated, and categorized 21 member needs. We found that the fulfillment of one need may lead to the inhibition of another, thus creating tensions between and within coworking members. This research contributes to the literature by addressing the importance and definition of member needs for coworking as well as the created tensions related to these needs, which have been lacking in coworking studies.
Expression of Mucins in Different Entities of Salivary Gland Cancer: Highest Expression of Mucin-1 in Salivary Duct Carcinoma
Authors: Wolber P. , Mayer M. , Nachtsheim L. , Prinz J. , Klußmann J. P. , Quaas A. , Arolt C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTherapeutic options for advanced salivary gland cancer (SGC) are rare. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate the extent and intensity of Mucin-1 (MUC1), Mucin-16 (MUC16), and Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) as potential molecular targets using immunohistochemistry. The medical records of all patients who underwent primary surgery for salivary gland cancer with curative intent in a tertiary referral center between 1990 and 2018 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC16, and MUC5AC was performed for all patients with sufficient formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material, and a semi-quantitative combined score derived from the H-score for the cytoplasmatic, the membranous and the apical membrane was built for the most common entities of SGC. 107 patients with malignancies of the parotid (89.7%) and the submandibular gland (10.3%) were included. The most common entities were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MuEp; n = 23), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCy; n = 22), and salivary duct carcinoma (SaDu; n = 21). The highest mean MUC1 combined score was found in SaDu with 223.6 (±91.7). The highest mean MUC16 combined score was found in MuEp with 177.0 (±110.0). The mean MUC5AC score was low across all entities. A higher MUC1 combined score was significantly associated with male gender (p = 0.03), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.045), and extracapsular extension (p = 0.03). SaDu patients with MUC16 expression showed a significantly worse 5-year progression-free survival than those without MUC16 expression (p = 0.02). This is the first study to give a comprehensive overview of the expression of MUC1, MUC16, and MUC5AC in SGC. Since advanced SGCs lack therapeutic options in many cases, these results warrant in vitro research on therapeutic targets against MUC1 in SaDu cell lines and xenograft models.
Yield responses of four common potato cultivars to an industry standard and alternative rotation in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Azimi Mohammad Amir , Jiang Yefang , Meng Fan-Rui , Liang Kang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate yield responses of four potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cultivars (‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Shepody’, ‘Gold Rush’, and ‘Russet Prospect’) and soil N dynamic changes to two 3-year rotations in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The two rotations were the local industry standard potato–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–red clover (Trifolium pratenseL.) rotation (PBC) and an alternative potato–soybean (Glycine maxL.)–barley rotation (PSB). All potato cultivars received 170 kg N ha− 1input at planting without irrigation. Soil mineral N content before potato planting was significantly higher under the PBC rotation. However, the PBC rotation produced significantly lower yields, suggesting the possibility of excessive N supply from the plowed-down red clover. While cultivar and the interaction between cultivar and rotation did not show a significant difference in yield, yields of all cultivars were positively affected by the PSB rotation. The Gold Rush cultivar was affected the most (36%), followed by Russet Burbank (17%) and Prospect (14%) cultivars, with Shepody being the least affected (3%) by the alternative PSB rotation. Russet Burbank was the highest yielding cultivar under both rotations. With the three russet cultivars combined as a single russet cultivar, the PSB rotation significantly increased tuber yields, while the Shepody cultivar did not significantly benefit from the PSB rotation, suggesting that the russet cultivars responded more sensitively to the alternative rotation. Results demonstrate that adequately accounting for N supply from a preceding green manure crop is required for sustainable potato production in this humid temperate region.
Mini symposium on cutting and machining: 25 years of ESAFORM activity
Authors: Umbrello Domenico , Matsumura Takashi , Arrazola Pedro J. , Germain Guenael , Courbon Cédric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the state of the art in the experimental and numerical investigations of cutting and machining processes. The contributions on the above-mentioned processes and published on the Proceedings of the European Scientific Association for material FORMing (ESAFORM) Conferences are highlighted. In particular, this literature review is an update of a previous one conducted in the 2007, after ten years of the ESAFORM activities, and it confirms the crucial role played by the minisymposium on Machining and Cutting in this field. In fact, the research has been quite active even in these last fifteen years, as demonstrated by the number of contributions and their relevant scientific contents. As overall, this review shows as the minisymposium on Machining and Cutting, that has been organized since 2001 with no interruptions, has contributed to the scientific progress on the study of the material removal processes.
What Can We Learn from Synaptic Connectivity Maps about Cerebellar Internal Models?
Authors: Spaeth Ludovic , Isope Philippe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cerebellum is classically associated with fine motor control, motor learning, and timing of actions. However, while its anatomy is well described and many synaptic plasticity have been identified, the computation performed by the cerebellar cortex is still debated. We, here, review recent advances on how the description of the functional synaptic connectivity between granule cells and Purkinje cells support the hypothesis that the cerebellum stores internal models of the body coordinates. We propose that internal models are specific of the task and of the locomotor context of each individual.
Bidirectional Multi-modal Signs of Checking Human-Robot Engagement and Interaction
Authors: Maniscalco Umberto , Storniolo Pietro , Messina Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe anthropomorphization of human-robot interactions is a fundamental aspect of the design of social robotics applications. This article describes how an interaction model based on multimodal signs like visual, auditory, tactile, proxemic, and others can improve the communication between humans and robots. We have examined and appropriately filtered all the robot sensory data needed to realize our interaction model. We have also paid a lot of attention to communication on the backchannel, making it both bidirectional and evident through auditory and visual signals. Our model, based on a task-level architecture, was integrated into an application called W@ICAR, which proved efficient and intuitive with people not interacting with the robot. It has been validated both from a functional and user experience point of view, showing positive results. Both the pragmatic and the hedonic estimators have shown how many users particularly appreciated the application. The model component has been implemented through Python scripts in the robot operating system environment.
Gezondheidsachterstanden aanpakken bij de bron: minder leefstijl, meer bestaanszekerheid
Authors: Grootegoed Ellen , Winsemius Aletta , Noordegraaf-Eelens Liesbeth , Dannenberg Erik 
Published: April 2022

SamenvattingDe aanpak van gezondheidsachterstanden is al decennialang een centraal aandachtspunt van beleidsmakers en politici. Toch lukt het niet om gezondheidsachterstanden te doorbreken. De urgentie om gezondheidsachterstanden aan te pakken neemt toe, nu de achterstanden oplopen en de druk op de zorg toeneemt. Een radicale koerswijziging is nodig, waarbij niet het symptoom maar de kwaal wordt aangepakt: complexe ongelijkheid die gezondheidsachterstanden in de hand werkt én in stand houdt. Hiervoor is een verbreding, verdieping én verduurzaming van beleidsinspanningen nodig. Daarbij is niet alleen leefstijl het vertrekpunt, maar wordt gezondheid ook benaderd als een herverdelingsvraagstuk ten gunste van een eerlijke kans op gezond leven.
The association between benzodiazepine use and greater risk of neurocognitive impairment is moderated by medical burden in people with HIV
Authors: Sundermann Erin E. , Saloner Rowan , Rubtsova Anna , Nguyen Annie L. , Letendre Scott , Moore Raeanne C. , Cherner Mariana , Ma Qing , Marquine María J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBenzodiazepine use is linked to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in the general population and people with HIV (PWH); however, this relationship may depend on age-related factors such as medical comorbidities, which occur at an elevated rate and manifest earlier in PWH. We retrospectively examined whether chronological age or medical burden, a clinical marker for aging, moderated the relationship between benzodiazepine use and NCI in PWH. Participants were 435 PWH on antiretroviral therapy who underwent neurocognitive and medical evaluations, including self-reported current benzodiazepine use. A medical burden index score (proportion of accumulated multisystem deficits) was calculated from 28 medical deficits. Demographically corrected cognitive deficit scores from 15 neuropsychological tests were used to calculate global and domain-specific NCI based on established cut-offs. Logistic regressions separately modeled global and domain-specific NCI as a function of benzodiazepine x age and benzodiazepine x medical burden interactions, adjusting for current affective symptoms and HIV disease characteristics. A statistically significant benzodiazepine x medical burden interaction (p = .006) revealed that current benzodiazepine use increased odds of global NCI only among those who had a high medical burden (index score > 0.3 as indicated by the Johnson–Neyman analysis), which was driven by the domains of processing speed, motor, and verbal fluency. No age x benzodiazepine interactive effects on NCI were present. Findings suggest that the relationship between BZD use and NCI among PWH is specific to those with greater medical burden, which may be a greater risk factor for BZD-related NCI than chronological age.
Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law
Authors: Senftleben Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce – a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal.
Managing Mediterranean Forests for Multiple Ecosystem Services: Research Progress and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Nocentini Susanna , Travaglini Davide , Muys Bart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Forests provide multiple ecosystem services (ES) to society, and the demand for ES is growing at the global level. However, how to manage forests for the provision of multiple and sometimes conflicting services is a complex and still unresolved issue. In this study, we reviewed the scientific literature for the period 2010–2020 dealing with forest management and multiple ES in Mediterranean forests, with the aim of (1) outlining the progress in research, (2) identifying knowledge gaps and research needs, and (3) discussing management approaches considering multiple ES. The selected literature was analyzed considering different aspects of multiple ES (e.g., drivers of changes, modeling approaches, trade-offs, and synergies).

Recent Findings
Our results show that wood production is still one of the main management objectives, with an increasing attention toward non wood forest products. Carbon sequestration and biodiversity were the most investigated regulating functions, but also specific aspects are gaining attention (e.g., lichens for microclimate regulation). Changes in stand structure and density, the impact of coppice vs. high forest, and the effect of management practices vs. abandonment were considered as drivers of change at the stand/management unit scale, while the impact of climate changes and disturbances were considered at the landscape/regional scale using modeling.

Summary
Despite the progress made in the last decade, our review highlights that further research is needed to fill the gaps in the scientific literature regarding how forest management influences the provision of multiple ES in the Mediterranean region. From a conceptual point of view, there is the need for a shift to a new paradigm based on an adaptable, flexible management, and planning approach to sustain self-organization, adaptive capacity, and overall resilience of Mediterranean forests, overcoming the ecosystem “service” approach; operatively, research should move toward a transdisciplinary approach, which considers problems from a diversity of points of view and involves extended peer communities not only in the dissemination of research results, but also in the research process itself.
ConcepTests in Undergraduate Real Analysis: Comparing Peer Discussion and Instructional Explanation Settings
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Biehler Rolf , Lankeit Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeer Instruction, first introduced by Eric Mazur in the late '90 s, is a method aiming at active student participation in lectures. It includes conceptual questions (so-called ConcepTests) presented to the students, who vote on answer alternatives presented to them and then discuss their answers in small groups. As professors have been reported to implement several variants of this method, it is highly desirable to understand the specific effects of the individual elements of the method (tasks, voting, and discussions in small groups). In the present study, we focus on the role of the discussion phase (peer discussion). Our study implemented two conditions: Peer Instruction in classical fashion, and a variant, in which peer discussion was replaced with instructional explanation by a tutor. Students in a course on Real Analysis were randomly assigned to the two conditions for two semesters. As far as learning outcomes are concerned, we do not measure these in terms of voting results within Peer Instruction cycles but we are focusing on transfer in terms of results in the final exams of the two semesters. Interestingly, we found no significant difference between the two conditions. Additionally, we had positive evaluations of the use of Peer Instruction in both variants, with no significant differences between the groups either. Regarding affective variables and learning strategies, no difference in the development could be detected. As an important practical implication, these results show that both implemented variants of the Peer Instruction method are justifiable as far as learning outcomes, measured by exam results, or students’ assessment of the method are concerned. Our results put the widespread belief that it is mainly the peer discussion that accounts for the success of the use of ConcepTests into question.