bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions of endogenous gibberellin content impact fruit development and modify tomato fruit metabolism during ripening
Authors: Martins Auxiliadora O. , Silva Welder A. , Omena-Garcia Rebeca P. , Oliveira Franciele S. , Vallarino José G. , Osorio Sonia , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Ribeiro Dimas Mendes , Araujo Wagner 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play a crucial role in modulating developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle. Among the processes in which GAs are involved, they are of significance during the transition and maintenance of the reproductive meristem, as well as in allowing the floral organs development. GAs are also able to regulate, alongside with auxin and cytokinin, the initial processes of fruit development, most likely because they are responsible for both division and cell expansion. It is unknown whether fluctuations in the endogenous content of GAs impact fruit development and metabolism during ripening. To investigate these questions, tomato mutant plants deficient in GAs biosynthesis (gib3, moderately deficient; gib2, intermediate deficiency and gib1, extremely deficient in GA) were used. Notably, gib2 and gib1 mutants were characterized by a complete interruption of their reproductive development at the floral bud level. Although gib3 plants displayed a slightly delay in fruit development, at the end of fruit ripening both WT and gib3 fruits were highly similar. Little differences were found between WT and gib3 mutant plants during floral development and total fruit yield. We demonstrated that reduced GAs in gib3 mutant did not promote morphological modifications in fruits and relatively few metabolic changes were observed between genotypes during fruit ripening. Overall, typical metabolic changes, including increments in amino acids and soluble sugars coupled with reductions in starch, were observed during ripening. Collectively, we demonstrate that GAs plays a significant role on change vegetative to reproductive stage, as well as on the binging of set fruit.
Structural Equation Modeling for Magnitude, Association and Predictors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Hepatitis B among Tepi Community, Ethiopia
Authors: Hajare Sunil Tulshiram , Jemal Sebwedin Surur , Alemu Bizuwork Derebew , Aseffa Nejat Mehammed , Genet Misganaw Mola , Chauhan Nitin Mahendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening liver infection. It also possesses a serious global public health concern. Increasing perception and awareness about HBV helps in reducing the disease burden. However, very little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards HBV infection among university community. Hence, the study is aimed in determining the KAP towards HBV among Tepi campus community. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tepi campus, Mizan Tepi University, Ethiopia. A total number of 1426 Tepi campus community were selected by simple random sampling. KAP of was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were processed in Epi-data 4.6 and exported to STATA 14 and Amos. Structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the relationship among variables. The total response rate was reported to be 100% (1426/1426). Out of the 1426 respondents, 50.60%, 68.79% and 65.68% were within the poor knowledge, attitude and practice respectively. In structural equation modeling, residence, income and educational level were not associated with mean score. As such, KAP about HBV among Tepi campus community was found to be very poor. In the end, proactive and sustainable efforts are needed among communities to reduce the disease burden caused by HBV.
Identification of Potential miRNAs-mRNAs Regulatory Network From CHB to HCC Based on Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Kang Xindan , Shu Xin , Hao Fangbin , Bai Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: A hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Altered expression of miRNAs has been observed in tumors. Our study aimed to identify potential microRNAs (miRNA)-messenger RNAs (mRNAs) regulatory pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC.Methods: Microarray GSE67882 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to conduct differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment of differentially-expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and pathway analyses of HCC were revealed. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted by miRTarBase. Furthermore, miRNA-gene networks were constructed. The prognostic roles of screened differentially-expressed miRNAs in HCC were further evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Results: A total of 24 upregulated and 21 downregulated DE-miRNAs were accessed. EGFR, MYC and MDM2 may be key targets involved in the occurrence and development of HBV-related HCC whereas hsa-miR-21 and hsa-let-7f-1 may be two potential regulators involved in the occurrence and development of HBV-related HCC. Conclusions: In this study, potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways were identified and screened and hsa-miR-21 and hsa-let-7f-1 may play a significant role in the underlying pathogenesis from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to HBV-related HCC.
Identification of RRM2 as Novel Potential Sero-Diagnostic Marker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhai Xiuming , Zhou Dandan , Dong Zihe , Zhang Ruixue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the cardinal trigger of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage using current tumor markers. Here, our study intended to identify the potential biomarkers to NSCLC diagnosis. Material/Methods. Four independent datasets (GSE18842, GSE19188, GSE30219 and GSE40791) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. In order to explore the hub genes, various bioinformatics tools including the DAVID, STRING, GEPIA database, and R, Cytoscape software were used to analyze the dataset. Serum levels of RRM2 were verified by ELISA. The levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE and ProGRP were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: A total of 258 genes were co-expression, of which 91 were up-regulated and 167 were down-regulated. A PPI network was constructed and 10 hub genes were screened, including RRM2, CDK1, UBE2C, MAD2L1, BUB1B, CCNA2, KIF20A, BUB1, KIF11, and CCNB2. The results of ELISA analysis showed that RRM2 is not only significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patient compared with the healthy control, but also the serum RRM2 level of NSCLC patient is related to distant metastasis, TNM stage and histological type (P < 0.05), but not to tumor size, lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combined detection of RRM2, CEA and NSE has the highest efficacy in diagnosing NSCLC. Conclusions. The comprehensive analysis showed that RRM2 could be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of NSCLC.
Age Group Prediction with Panoramic Radiomorphometric Parameters Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Won Jong Hyun , Auh Q-Schick , Noh Yung-Kyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of 18 radiomorphological parameters of panoramic radiographs based on age, and to estimate the age group of people with permanent dentition in a non-invasive, comprehensive, and accurate manner using five machine learning algorithms.Methods: For the study population (209 men and 262 women; mean age, 32.12±18.71 years), 471 digital panoramic radiographs of Korean individuals were applied. The participants were divided into three groups (with a 20-year age gap) and six groups (with a 10-year age gap), and each age group was estimated using the following five machine learning models: a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression, kernelized support vector machines, multilayer perceptron, and extreme gradient boosting. Finally, a Fisher discriminant analysis was used to visualize the data configuration. Results: In the prediction of the three age-group classification, the areas under the curve (AUCs) obtained for classifying young ages (10–19 y) ranged from 0.85 to 0.88 for five different machine learning models. The AUC values of the older age group (50–69 y) ranged from 0.82 to 0.88, and those of adults (20–49 y) were approximately 0.73. In the six age-group classification, the best scores were also found in age groups 1 (10–19 y) and 6 (60–69 y), with mean AUCs ranging from 0.85 to 0.87 and 80 to 0.90, respectively. A feature analysis based on LDA weights showed that the L-Pulp Area was important for discriminating young ages (10–49 y), and L-Crown, U-Crown, L-Implant, U-Implant, and Periodontitis were used as predictors for discriminating older ages (50–69 y). Conclusion: We established acceptable linear and nonlinear machine learning models for a dental age group estimation using multiple maxillary and mandibular radiomorphometric parameters.
Active control of dielectric nanoparticle optical resonance through electrical charging
Authors: gao xuebang , Xie Li , Zhou Jùn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel method to active control of resonance position of dielectric nanoparticles by increasing the excess charge carried by the nanoparticles is proposed in this paper. We show that as the excess charge carried by the particle increases, the oscillation frequency of excess charge will gradually increase, when it is equal to the incident frequency, resonance occurs due to resonant excitation of the excess charge. What is more, the formula of charges carried by an individual particle required to excite the resonance at any wavelength position is proposed. Therefore, the resonance position can be directly controlled by means of particle charging, and the enhancement of resonance intensity is more obvious. This work has opened new avenues for the active control of plasmon resonances, which shows great promise for realizing tunable optical properties of nanoparticles.
Uncovering potential new biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in primary Sojgren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Naidan , Ji Chaixia , Bao Xiao , Peng Xinyin , Tang Maoju , Yuan Chengliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary Sojgren's syndrome (pSS) is known as autoimmune disease of endocrine system. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for pSS using integrated bioinformatics analysis and explore the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Methods: Three pSS datasets (GSE7451, GSE23117 and GSE40611) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated. All the datasets were processed by affy in R (version 4.0.3).Results: A total of 16 immune cells and 13 immune functions infiltration scores were obtained. The top immune cell and immune function were "activated" dendritic cells (aDCs) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Correlation analysis showed the top correlation among 16 immune cells were B cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), check-point and T cell co-stimulation, respectively. In comparisons of immune score, aDCs (0.657 vs 0.594, P < 0.001), B cells (0.492 vs 0.434, P = 0.004), macrophages (0.631 vs 0.601, P = 0.010), inflammation-promoting (0.545 vs 0.478, P < 0.001), Type I interferon (IFN) Reponse (0.728 vs 0.625, P < 0.001) and so on were higher in pSS than control group. In correlation analysis, the up-regulation of IFIT1 gene was strongly correlated with Type I IFN Reponse with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. The ROC curve of 5 genes showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.891. In the verification model, the AUC was 0.881. In addition, DO analysis supported the association between DEGs and pSS. Conclusions: In summary, pSS has a variety of DEGs in immune infiltration, which is worthy of the attention from clinicians.
No Association Between MTHFR Gene C677T/A1298C Polymorphisms, Serum Folate, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine Levels, and Prostate Cancer in an Algerian Population.
Authors: Mouhoub-Terrab Rima , Chibane Abdel Aziz , KHELIL Malika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of folate and homocysteine, which are necessary for DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. Genetic polymorphisms that decrease MTHFR activity are implicated in several diseases as well as diverse malignancies including prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate an eventual association between MTHFR polymorphisms and prostate cancer within an Algerian population, taking into consideration serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine. Methods and results A total of 106 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 125 healthy controls were examined for MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms using PCR/RFLP and Real-Time PCR TaqMan® respectively. Serum levels of folate, total homocysteine, and vitamin B12 were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer.Our study showed no significant difference in genotype frequency of A1298C and C677T in patients compared to the control groups. As for serum levels of folate, total homocysteine, and vitamin B12, there were not associated with prostate cancer (P˃0. 05). However, age and family history increased susceptibility to the disease (OR=1.178, P=0.00 and OR = 10.03,P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Our results suggest that MTHFR C677T and A1298C as folate, total homocysteine, and vitamine B12 do not contribute to the risk of prostate cancer. On the other hand, age and family history are risk factors in an Algerian population.Therefore, further studies with a larger sample size are needed for the confirmation of our finding.
Controlling Tether Deployment and Retrieval by Lyapunov Approach Involving Quasiperiodic and Chaotic Motions
Authors: Salazar Francisco J. T. , Prado Antonio B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the station keeping phase, the in-plane pitch motion of a two body tethered satellite system, that is revolving around the Earth in a Keplerian circular orbit, is similar to the motion of a simple pendulum, i.e. the local vertical position is a center with small oscillations about it, and the local horizontal is a saddle point. However, if the three-dimensional coupled pitch and roll motions are considered, the dynamics of the system exhibit quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior. In order to study the control of the quasiperiodic and chaotic motions of a two-body tethered satellite system, which moves along a Keplerian circular orbit, this paper proposes to suppress the quasi-periodic and chaotic dynamics during deployment and retrieval, by applying a non-linear tension force along the connecting tether. A Lyapunov approach is used to design the non-linear tension for controlling tether deployment and retrieval. The goal of the control is to steer the sub-satellite from quasi-periodic and chaotic states to the local upward vertical position. The numerical simulations show that the non-linear tension control law performs well, reduces the quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations, and the three-dimensional trajectories can be guided close to the local vertical direction.
Development of a Front Limb Support to Facilitate Weight Reduction in Horses with Ambulatory Difficulties
Authors: Steinke Samantha , Roberts Brent , Boire James , Montgomery Julia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In horses, severe limb injuries and other problems affecting ambulation are challenging to manage. Offloading the injured limb can result in secondary complications such as supporting limb laminitis (SLL), severely affecting quality of life and sometimes necessitating euthanasia. SLL results from increased load and decreased blood flow to the foot. There is a need to develop a dynamic device to reduce the load on the limbs while maintaining mobility and blood flow for the rehabilitation of horses with ambulatory difficulties. In this study, the unique biomechanics of the horse were considered in the design of a dynamic front limb weight support system. The development further had to consider complications associated with its use, such as pressure ulcers and other tissue trauma. Therefore, the design included silicone air pockets to be inflated and deflated in a programmable cycle. A series of three prototypes resulted in a front limb support (breastplate) intended for use with a computer-controlled rehabilitation lift. Iterative design modifications of the breastplate allowed to safely provide up to 50% front limb weight reduction while maintaining horse comfort. This is a significant step towards adjustable, dynamic ambulatory support with the ability to customize rehabilitation programs for horses with ambulatory difficulties.
Patients with indolent lymphomas are at high risk of infections - Experience from a German outpatient clinic
Authors: Lutz Christoph , Feiten Stefan , Chakupurakal Geothy , Heymanns Jochen , Thomalla Jörg , Roye Christoph van , Weide Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) have an increased risk of infection which is caused by pathomechanisms of the diseases itself but also as a result of anti-tumor therapy. Especially the effects of anti-CD20 antibodies are well understood as these lead to decreased antibody production.Most analyses regarding this issue were performed in studies with multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. As these studies not always represent the general population we collected real life data from 227 patients with indolent lymphomas undergoing therapy or who were regularly monitored in a watch and wait approach over the time of one year. As control we collected data from an age and sex matched control group of 145 persons.Results: Patients with B-NHLs had an increased rate of infection that was detectable in all subgroups. Consistent with this finding B-NHL patients received more antibiotic treatment and were more often hospitalized than patients from the control group. Lymphoma patients without immunodeficiency had a significantly lower infection rate than patients with immunodeficiency but it was still significantly higher compared to the control group. Patients with symptomatic immunodeficiency were mostly treated with regular immunoglobulin infusions and infection rates were comparable to those of patients with asymptomatic immunodeficiency. Conclusions: Our data suggest an approach with regular immune monitoring of all indolent lymphoma patients in order to identify patients with increased risk of infections. It also raises the question if patients with immunodeficiency should be treated more often with regular immunoglobulin infusion, but so far more studies are necessary to answer this question.
Minocycline protects against brain injury in a rodent model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: de Carrillo Daria Gendosz , Student Sebastian , Bula Daniel , Mielańczyk Łukasz , Jędrzejowska-Szypułka Halina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The multifaceted nature of Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathogenesis is poorly understood. Despite the high morbidity and disability rate associated with SAH, to date, no pharmacological agent has been found to be efficacious for the prevention of brain injury when used for acute SAH intervention.Methods: We studied SAH brain injury using in vivo pre-chiasmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage rodent model. We analyzed the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural morphology of capillaries and surrounding neuropil in the rodent brains with SAH and/or minocycline administration. We also performed vast analysis of mRNA, protein and in situ expression of tight junctions proteins, claudin-5 and occludin and matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2, MMP-9 and their upstream activator EMMPRIN. Lastly, we tested minocycline effect on functional outcomes in tested rats. Results: Here, we report that 1 mg/kg minocycline displayed neuroprotective effects on neurovascular morphology. Using ultrastructural analyses, we found that minocycline protected brain capillaries and surrounding cells from significant SAH-induced changes. Further analysis revealed that the blood-brain barrier in SAH brains is compromised by abnormal vacuole and vesicle production, rather than by tight junction disruptions, which were found to be generally intact. Additionally, our findings suggested that the reported ultrastructural abnormalities as well as minocycline neuroprotective effect during SAH were not directly mediated by the inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, or EMMPRIN. However, SAH brain tissue treated with minocycline was protected from development of other kind of morphological features associated with oxidative stress and the presence of immune cells in the perivascular space. Conclusions: These data expand knowledge on the SAH effect on brain tissue as well as functional outcome in the SAH rodent model and minocycline neuroprotective effect when administered in low-doses. Additionally, we showed the multifactorial neuroprotective mechanism of minocycline, as is the pathology associated with SAH.
Modular Co-Culture Engineering of Yarrowia Lipolytica for Amorphadiene Biosynthesis
Authors: Marsafari Monireh , Azi Fidelis , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Amorphadiene is an intermediate product of the first dedicated step to artemisinin production. It has attracted wide research interest as an antimalaria drug precursor in recent years. The efficient conversion of renewable carbon sources and redirection of metabolic flux toward a metabolite of interest has become a fascinating strategy for plant secondary metabolite overproduction. A modular pathway that divides the hosts' labor, a co-culture system has shown great biosynthetic potential and can be leveraged to achieve cost-effective bioproduction of natural products. Using a co-culture system of Y. lipolytica Po1f and Po1g strains, subcellular localization of ADS gene into the endoplasmic reticulum, co-utilization of mixed carbon source, and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum size were investigated to improve amorphadiene producton in this work. Using Po1g/PPtM and Po1f/AaADSERx3/iGFMPDU strains and co-utilization of 5 µM sodium acetate with 20 g/L glucose in YPD media, amorphadiene titer increased to 65.094 mg/L. The enlargement of the Endoplasmic reticulum membrane caused by the deletion of the PAH1 gene provided more subcellular space for the action of the ADS-tagged gene. It further increased the amorphadiene production to 71.74 mg/L. The results demonstrated that manipulating metabolic flux in the co-culture of Y. lipolytica can be efficient over a single culture for the bioproduction of many value-added metabolites in a whole or large biosynthetic pathway.