bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin‐dependent aurora kinase A degradation in a MPLW515L mouse model of primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Wang Fuping , Zhang Haotian , He Binghong , Liu Zihan , Wu Xinxin , Liu Yuankai , Xu Xin , Gou Xiaoxue , Wang Haitao , Yang Qiong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary myelofibrosis (PMF) is characterized by immature megakaryocytic hyperplasia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis. Our preclinical study had demonstrated that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor MLN8237 reduced the mutation burden of PMF by inducing differentiation of immature megakaryocytes. However, it only slightly alleviated splenomegaly, reduced tissue fibrosis, and normalized megakaryocytes in PMF patients of the preliminary clinical study. So enhancing therapeutic efficacy of PMF is needed. In this study, we found that AURKA directly interacted with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HSP90 inhibitors promoted the ubiquitin‐dependent AURKA degradation. We demonstrated that HSP90 inhibitors 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐DMAG), normalized peripheral blood counts, improved splenomegaly, attenuated extramedullary hematopoiesis, decreased tissue fibrosis and reduced mutant burden in a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF. Importantly, both 17‐AAG and 17‐DMAG treatment at effective doses in vivo did not influence on hematopoiesis in healthy mice. Collectively, the study demonstrates that HSP90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin‐dependent AURKA and also are safe and effective for the treatment of a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF, which may provide a new strategy for PMF therapy. Further, we demonstrate that combined therapy shows superior activity in acute megakaryocytic leukemia mouse model than single therapy.
Transferring AI Explainability to User-Centered Explanations of Complex COVID-19 Information
Authors: Novak Jasminko , Maljur Tina , Drenska Kalina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a user-centered approach to translating techniques and insights from AI explainability research to developing effective explanations of complex issues in other fields, on the example of COVID-19. We show how the problem of AI explainability and the explainability problem in the COVID-19 pandemic are related: as two specific instances of a more general explainability problem, occurring when people face in-transparent, complex systems and processes whose functioning is not readily observable and understandable to them (“black boxes”). Accordingly, we discuss how we applied an interdisciplinary, user-centered approach based on Design Thinking to develop a prototype of a user-centered explanation for a complex issue regarding people’s perception of COVID-19 vaccine development. The developed prototype demonstrates how AI explainability techniques can be adapted and integrated with methods from communication science, visualization and HCI to be applied to this context. We also discuss results from a first evaluation in a user study with 88 participants and outline future work. The results indicate that it is possible to effectively apply methods and insights from explainable AI to explainability problems in other fields and support the suitability of our conceptual framework to inform that. In addition, we show how the lessons learned in the process provide new insights for informing further work on user-centered approaches to explainable AI itself.
Industrial Spatial Synergy Development in Hengqin and Macao
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Bin , Li Sihong , Lei Ngan Leng , Cheong Kengfong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the close connection between the industrial changes and urban development in Macao and Hengqin. The current land use and industrial distribution status in both places are analysed. The development direction, central trend and density of residential and various industries are analysed in GIS. The industrial structures of both Macao and Hengqin serve urban functions. The industrial density in Macao is higher than that in Hengqin, and the balance of employment and residence in the spatial dimension between the two places is insufficient. In the future, Hengqin will improve the city’s supporting infrastructure and strengthen the effectiveness of synergistic industrial development.
Transportation Integration Development in Hengqin and Macao
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Bin , Li Sihong , Lei Ngan Leng , Cheong Kengfong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter first analyses the accessibility of public transportation in Macao and Hengqin based on the plans in the draft ‘Macao Land Transport Master Plan (2021–2030)’. Secondly, the accessibility of schools, bus stops, and other public services in Macao and Hengqin is quantitatively assessed by applying the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to analyse the adequacy of public services in terms of population density in the transportation areas. Finally, the equity of accessibility in the two areas is compared using the Gini coefficient.
Accounting Standard-Setting for an Emission Trading Scheme: The Korean Case
Authors: Kim Tae Hee , Lee Sun Hye , Vourvachis Petros 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the participation and interaction of relevant individuals in the process of developing an accounting standard for South Korea’s emission trading scheme (ETS). Despite the enormous accounting implications of such schemes, there is a paucity of research on the development and application of ETS accounting. Ulrich Beck’s and Anthony Giddens’s risk society framework is utilised to scrutinise the process of setting accounting standards—from the agenda-setting stage all the way to the final publication of the standard. In this case study, we take an interpretive approach in analysing the rich data collected through face-to-face interviews with prominent standard-setters, accounting experts and representatives of industry and government. Participant observation and relevant documents were also considered. The findings highlight the political nature of accounting standard-setting and identify the risks and responsibilities of the key agents in the process along with the means of sub-political action taken to influence decisions. We reveal that the agents involved in standard-setting attempted to balance their anthropocentric priorities with ecocentric responsibilities and prioritised the production of a standard with minimal impact on economic, reputational, and operational risk. Having authority as a standard-setter, referring frequently to precedents and, perhaps most importantly, engaging actively with the stakeholders throughout the process seem to have contributed to a widely accepted standard, which can serve as a benchmark for future attempts to factor in ETSs.
Flowslide High Fluidity Induced by Shear Thinning
Authors: Hu Wei , Li Yan , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu , McSaveney Mauri , Wang Gonghui , Fan Yu , Wasowski Janusz , Zheng Yangshuai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRainfall‐induced flowslides and the subsequent debris flows are the most recurrent and destructive natural hazards due to their high velocity and long‐distance runout. It is widely accepted that shear‐induced excess pore pressure controls the high fluidity in flowslide movement. Nevertheless, flume experiments demonstrate that flowslides can exhibit high fluidity even in the absence of excess pore pressure, demonstrating that even saturated granular matter has an intrinsic shear‐velocity‐dependent fluidization mechanism. Herein, drained ring shear experiments were conducted to obtain a further understanding of the fluidity of the saturated granular material. By means of a transparent shear chamber, the shear‐zone thickness and the velocity gradient within samples could be directly observed and thus its rheology could be well determined. The granular soil showed substantial shear‐thinning even in the absence of excess pore pressure, which could well explain the high fluidity in flowslide dynamics in addition to excess pore pressure, especially during rapid shear. Acoustic emissions (AEs) in the ring shear device provided additional evidence of the rheological mechanism. The macroscopic apparent viscosity of the granular system was weakened by rapid shear accompanied by increasing AE power. We propose that increasing grain pressure associated with increasing shear strain rate weakens intergranular frictional contacts between granular layers, thus weakening the apparent viscosity, and vice versa. By using AE measurements combined with dimensionless number analysis, we suggested that shear‐thinning is one of the most pivotal mechanisms accounting for the ultra‐high fluidity in flowslides.
Rapid diagnosis of malaria by chemometric peak-free LIBS of trace biometals in blood
Authors: Musyoka Wayua Deborah , Kalambuka Angeyo Hudson , Alix Dehayem-Massop , Amiga Kaduki Kenneth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) trace atomic species of diseased biofluids are subtle (peak-free) in complex spectra. Trace analysis requires a considerable push in analytical strategy. Enabling LIBS with chemometrics can help identify, extract, analyze and interpret the trace species’ spectral signatures to give an insight on the biophysiological status of the bodies from which the biofluids originate. We report on the trace quantitative performance of peak-free LIBS enabled by chemometrics modelling using principal components analysis (PCA) for direct artificial neural network (ANN)–based analysis of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg in Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood in the context of rapid spectral diagnosis of malaria utilizing the biometals as the disease biomarkers. Only one standard is required in this method—to delineate the analyte spectral regions (feature selection) and to test for accuracy. Based on the alteration of the biometal levels and their multivariate and correlational patterns in cultured blood, peripheral finger blood drops dried directly on Nucleopore membrane filters was accurately discriminated as either malaria-infected or healthy. Further the morphological evolution of Plasmodium was accurately predicted using spectral features of the biometals wherein high negative correlations between Fe (− 0.775) and Zn (− 0.881) and high positive correlations between Cu (0.892) and Mg (0.805) with parasitemia were observed. During the first 96 h of malaria infection Cu increases profoundly (from 328 to 1999 ppb) while Fe, Zn and Mg decrease (from 1206 to 674 ppb), (from 1523 to 499 ppb) and (from 23,880 to 19,573 ppb) respectively. Compared with healthy, Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood has high Cu but low levels of Fe, Zn and Mg. Cu and Zn are highly (≥ 0.9) positively correlated while Fe and Cu as well as Zn and Cu are highly (≥ 0.9) negatively correlated. Chemometric peak-free LIBS showed the potential for direct rapid malaria diagnostics in blood based on the levels, alterations and multivariate associations of the trace biometals which are used as biomarkers of the disease.
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection risk among employees at schools for disabled pupils
Authors: Lang Felix , Schoene Klaus , Goessler Felix , Rose Dirk-Matthias , Kegel Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAim of this project was to assess occupational biological hazards with regard to the risk of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and the need for occupational health care in schools for pupils with special needs. Teachers and educational specialists were surveyed about activities potentially providing exposure to biological agents and their individual immune status regarding HAV and HBV by a detailed questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, group comparisons and logistic regression were performed to identify factors influencing the HAV and HBV immune status. 1398 teachers and educational specialists took part. 1381 respondents reported having physical contact with pupils at work (98%). Daily contact was reported by up to 84% of all employees. Being scratched, bitten or spat at was reported by up to 93%. Hazardous activities are performed by both teachers and educational specialists. The vaccination rate was reported to be 58% for HAV and 64% for HBV. In regression analyses, failing to receive vaccine counselling [HAV: aOR 0.36 (95% CI 0.28; 0.46; p < 0.001), HBV: aOR 0.43 (95% CI 0.33; 0.55; p < 0.001)] or non-participation in infection prevention instruction [HBV: aOR 0.54 (95% CI 0.39; 0.75; p < 0.001)] were found to be significant predictors of low vaccination rates. Employees who are at risk due to occupational exposure should be instructed about infection prevention and vaccination against HAV and HBV.
Diabetes- und kardiovaskuläre Gesundheitskompetenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter – ein 12-Jahres-Follow-up
Authors: Röhling Martin , Roslon Michael , Arndt Kirstin , Heß Ira , Kremer Angelina , Leibold Katharina , Seddiki Rosa , Sommer Stefan , Landgraf Rüdiger , Kempf Kerstin , Martin Stephan 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Inzidenz des Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen zeigt eine progrediente Entwicklung in Deutschland. Studienziel war es, die Gesundheitskompetenz zu diesen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu erfassen.
Methoden Schüler der 5.–12. Klasse (Gymnasium, Real- und Hauptschule) wurden 2007 (n = 4383) und 2019 (n = 572) zum Thema Diabetes befragt. Zusätzlich wurden Fragen zu weiteren kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren im Jahr 2019 gestellt.
Ergebnisse Diabetes-bezogene Fragen wurden mit 56 % im Jahr 2007 sowie 53 % (2019) richtig beantwortet. Unter anderem gaben 70 % (2007) sowie 75 % (2019) der Schüler*innen „zu viel Zucker gegessen“ als Ursache für Typ-1-Diabetes an. Des Weiteren wurden die Fragen zu den wesentlichen Risikofaktoren für Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall nur von 33 % (für Diabetes) bzw. 43 %–53 % (für Rauchen) der Schüler*innen richtig beantwortet.Über alle Fragen hinweg deutet sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Quote richtiger Antworten mit dem Bildungsgrad der Schuleinrichtung an; die Unterschiede blieben aber mit 5–19 % zwischen Gymnasium und Haupt- oder Realschule an beiden Erhebungszeitpunkten marginal. Ein Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern deutete sich zwischen 2007 (Mädchen: 59 % vs. Jungen: 52 %) und 2019 an (Mädchen: 56 % vs. Jungen: 51 %).
Folgerung Veränderungen in der Gesundheitskompetenz zu den Themen Diabetes und weiteren kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren bei Schülern der 5.–12. Klasse im Verlauf von 12 Jahren konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Die angenommene Selbstverschuldung des Typ-1-Diabetes kann von den Betroffenen als Diskriminierung empfunden werden.
A Study to Assess the Osteoporosis Knowledge and Preventive Practice among Menopausal Women: A Community Based Survey
Authors: Thomas Timi , Paul Shynee 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and Objectives Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and slowly emerging global health problem. Along with menopause, one out of three women between the age group of 50 to 60 years in India suffers from osteoporosis. Indian women have an early age onset of osteoporosis as compared to their Western counterparts. The current study assessed osteoporosis knowledge and preventive practice among menopausal women. The study's objectives were to 1) assess the osteoporosis knowledge and preventive practice among women, 2) find the correlation between the knowledge and preventive practice among menopausal women, and 3) find the association of knowledge and preventive practice with selected demographic variables.
Methods A quantitative nonexperimental research approach with a descriptive correlational survey design was adopted in the study. A total of 100 samples between the ages of 45 and 56 years were the participants. Data were collected using demographic proforma, a self-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a preventive practice checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results The majority of the menopausal women (65%) were between the age group of 53 and 56 years and 79% of menopausal women were having primary education, 77% of them were unskilled workers. Fifty percent of the participants had shown adequate knowledge with a median score of 12 and the remaining half of the participants had a knowledge score < 12. The knowledge score among women was 11.47 ± 2.4 with a maximum score of 17 and the minimum score of 5. With regard to the preventive practice, the participants were 20.12 ± 2.22.
Conclusion The study showed a gross deficit in osteoporosis knowledge among menopausal women and they were following unhealthy practices in their lifetime. There is a need to prioritize designing appropriate awareness campaigns regarding osteoporosis among subjects who are at risk, according to their level of literacy.
Potential of Lasers in the Realm of Aesthetic Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Meghana Ivaturi Sri Sai , Bhat Amitha Ramesh , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn contemporary dental practice, patients' interests are taken into account in terms of function and appearance. The importance in everyday circumstances, current advertising, and the media in general highlight their effect on an attractive appearance. Many academics in the field of dental aesthetics have stated equivocally that when examining the impact of tooth appearance necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Laser technology in cosmetic dentistry is in its early stages of development and has a lot of potential in the future. Also, with expanding use of lasers in clinical dentistry, treatment planning and prognosis will see a significant improvement in the future. The introduction of this technology has turned dentistry into a painless, bloodless field with increased predictability and instant outcomes. Furthermore, these techniques can help a cosmetic dentist regulate gingiva and osseous outlines with greater creativity in the pursuit of aesthetic dental principles with more efficient use of patient time. Even from the patient standpoint, the reduced requirement for suturing and faster healing times improves case acceptance and enables the increased demand for aesthetic dentistry. The resolution of this paper is to deliver an overview of various laser applications in aesthetic dentistry and its pros and cons over the conventional approaches.
Linearity and Indiscreteness of Amalgamated Products of Hyperbolic Groups
Authors: Tholozan Nicolas , Tsouvalas Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We discuss the linearity and discreteness of amalgamated products of linear word hyperbolic groups. In particular, we prove that the double of a torsion-free Anosov group along a maximal cyclic subgroup is always linear, and we construct examples of such groups, which do not admit discrete and faithful representations into any simple Lie group of real rank $1$. We also build new examples of non-linear word hyperbolic groups, elaborating on a previous work of Canary–Stover–Tsouvalas.
Prefrontal–accumbens neural dynamics abnormalities in mice vulnerable to develop food addiction
Authors: Calvé Pablo , Gener Thomas , Ribalta-Vilella Laura , Kummer Sami , Nebot Pau , Martín-García Elena , Puig M. Victoria , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood addiction is characterized by a loss of behavioral control over food intake and is closely associated with several eating disorders, including obesity and binge eating. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying neural mechanisms of food addiction are still unresolved. We trained mice in an operant paradigm for 110 days to promote the development of food addiction. Then, we classified mice as addicted and extreme non-addicted based on three addiction criteria and recorded neural activities in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core through electrophysiologyin vivo. Addicted mice presented disrupted mPFC-to-NAc signaling at high frequencies (hfo 150-200 Hz) during decision-making to obtain food. Moreover, addicted mice exhibited reduced low gamma oscillations and theta-gamma coupling in the NAc during reward expectancy. Disrupted mPFC-to-NAc connectivity and gamma synchrony in the NAc correlated with increased reinforcement levels, unraveling the functional relevance of these alterations. The cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor antagonist rimonabant rescued neural alterations observed in the addicted mice.Reinforcement levels were reduced after rimonabant administration and the directionality of signals and oscillatory activity in the NAc were reversed in addicted mice during decision-making and reward expectation, respectively. These findings suggest that disrupted mPFC-NAc neural dynamics are candidate mechanisms underlying specific behavioral alterations associated with food addiction. The elucidation of these novel communication mechanisms between the mPFC and the NAc will provide advances towards future development of new therapeutic interventions for food addiction and related disorders.
Differential reach vector computations in mIPS and PMd as revealed through HD-tDCS
Authors: Xu Sisi , Gallivan Jason , Blohm Gunnar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent neural and behavioural findings provide support that the medial intraparietal sulcus (mIPS) and dorsal premotor (PMd) activity reflect aspects of a kinematic plan for reaching movements. However, it is unclear how these two regions differentially contribute to reach planning. Here, we used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS; 4 x 1 electrode placement; 2 mA for 20 min; 3 cm radius) to investigate the functional roles of mIPS and PMd in the left hemisphere of humans. We examined the changes in endpoint error in reaching task with different initial hand positions and different target locations spanning both visual hemi-fields. Participants completed the task with (stimulation, post-stimulation) and without stimulation (pre-stimulation) of individually fMRI-localized cortical areas mIPS and PMd. We found a significant interaction effect between initial hand position (IHP) and target position on the difference in horizontal endpoint error after cathodal left mIPS stimulation and significant IHP and target position main effects after cathodal left PMd stimulation, suggesting that IHP and target position are not yet integrated into a movement vector at the input of the mIPS, but are integrated in the input of PMd. Hence, these findings reveal a distinction between mIPS and PMd in the stages of movement vector formation for reaching movements and indicate that HD-tDCS is a viable method for perturbing localized cortical activity to elucidate localized cortical function.