bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of nocebo in anaesthesia care
Authors: Arrow K. , Burgoyne L. L. , Cyna A. M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryNocebo refers to non‐pharmacological adverse effects of an intervention. Well‐intended procedural warnings frequently function as a nocebo. Both nocebo and placebo are integral to the generation of ‘real’ treatment effects and their associated ‘real’ side‐effects. They are induced or exacerbated by: context; negative expectancy; and negative conditioning surrounding treatment. Since the late 1990s, the neuroscience literature has repeatedly demonstrated that the nocebo effect is mediated by discrete neurobiological mechanisms and specific physiological modulations. Although no single biological mechanism has been found to explain the nocebo effect, nocebo hyperalgesia is thought to initiate from the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex subsequently triggering the brain's descending pain modulatory system and other pain regulation pathways. Functional magnetic resonance imaging shows that expectation of increased pain is accompanied by increased neural activity in the hippocampus and midcingulate cortex which is not observed when analgesia is expected. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex is pivotal in the perception of affective pain evoked by nocebo words. Research has also explored neurotransmitters which mediate the nocebo effect. The neuropeptide cholecystokinin appears to play a key role in the modulation of pain by nocebo. Hyperalgesia generated by nocebo also increases the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis as indicated by increases in plasma cortisol. The avoidance or mitigation of nocebo needs to be recognised as a core clinical skill in optimising anaesthesia care. Embracing the evidence around nocebo will allow for phrases such as ‘bee sting’ and ‘sharp scratch’ to be thought of as clumsy verbal relics of the past. Anaesthesia as a profession has always prided itself on practicing evidence‐based medicine, yet for decades anaesthetists and other healthcare staff have communicated in ways counter to the evidence. The premise of every interaction should be ‘primum non nocere’ (first, do no harm). Whether the context is research or clinical anaesthesia practice, the nocebo can be ignored no longer.
Peri‐operative management of patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yim R. L. H. , Leung K. M. M. , Poon C. C. M. , Irwin M. G. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPatients with Parkinson’s disease are at higher risk of peri‐operative medical and surgical complications. Multidisciplinary management, early recognition of potential complications, specialised care of medications and intra‐operative protection of the vulnerable brain are all important aspects of the peri‐operative management of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Advances in continuous dopaminergic treatment, development of a peri‐operative Parkinson’s disease pathway and application of telemedicine are starting to play a role in improving peri‐operative care. Management of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease is also evolving, with potential for incorporation of integrated care and changes in the anaesthetic management for deep brain stimulation surgery. There are new methods for localisation of target nuclei and increasing insight on the effects of anaesthetic drugs on microelectrode recordings and clinical outcomes. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disease, but management is improving with better peri‐operative care for patients.
aEEG vs cEEG’s sensivity for seizure detection in the setting of neonatal intensive care units: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Scalia Bruna , Giaccone Fabiola , Suppiej Agnese , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Mailo Janette , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimAmplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG)’s accuracy compared to conventional electroencephalography (cEEG) has not been fully established. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review on the sensitivity of the aEEG for neonatal seizure detection.MethodsStudies from PubMed and Google Scholar databases comparing recordings of cEEG and aEEG in newborns were included according to the PRISMA method. A quality assessment using the QUADAS‐2 tool was provided. A random‐effect model was used to account for different sources of variations among studies. Publication biases were represented by a funnel plot, and funnel plot symmetry was assessed.ResultsFourteen studies were reported; sensitivity of each diagnostic tool used (single‐channel aEEG, two‐channel aEEG, two‐channel aEEG plus raw trace EEG) was compared to that of the gold‐standard cEEG and to those of the other methods used. Overall sensitivity of the aEEG ranged from 31.25% to 90%.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that sensitivity of aEEG varies significantly and that seizure detection rate is lower than that of cEEG. The two‐channel aEEG with raw trace EEG shows a high sensitivity and might represent a valid alternative to the cEEG in the setting of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Perceived overqualification, felt organizational obligation, and extra‐role behavior during the COVID‐19 crisis: The moderating role of self‐sacrificial leadership
Authors: Wu Chia‐Huei , Weisman Hannah , Sung Li‐Kuo , Erdogan Berrin , Bauer Talya N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPast research has found that employees who view themselves as overqualified for their jobs tend to hold negative job attitudes and be unwilling to go beyond the call of duty. In challenging situations such as during the COVID‐19 crisis, when having “all hands‐on deck” may be important to an organization's survival, mitigating the negative tendencies of these employees becomes important. Adopting a sensemaking perspective on crisis management, we examine whether supervisors' self‐sacrificial leadership can mitigate these negative tendencies. First, we propose that employee perceived overqualification is associated with lower levels of felt obligation to the organization and thereby lower levels of extra‐role behaviors (i.e., helping and proactivity). We next propose that supervisors' self‐sacrificial leadership during the COVID‐19 crisis can evoke, especially when COVID‐19 more strongly impacts the organization, a sense of collectivism toward the organization, which mitigates the negative association of perceived overqualification with felt obligation and thus extra‐role behaviors. We tested our theorizing in samples from the UK (n = 121, pilot study) and US (n = 382, main study) in studies with a multi‐wave, time‐lagged design. Findings from both studies provide support for our theorizing. We discuss implications for research and practice concerning perceived overqualification during a crisis.
A sequential approach using the age‐adjusted fibrosis‐4 index and vibration‐controlled transient elastography to detect advanced fibrosis in Korean patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lee Dong Hyeon , Sung Se Un , Lee Yun Kyu , Lim Ik Hyeon , Jang Heejoon , Joo Sae Kyoung , Park Jeong Hwan , Chang Mee Soo , So Young Ho , Kim Won ,   the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) Consortium
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackground and AimsVibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) has shown good diagnostic performance in predicting fibrosis stages in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, an optimal diagnostic approach to detect advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD has not been established.Approach and ResultsWe prospectively collected data from 539 subjects who underwent liver biopsy at a single centre between January 2014 and December 2019. Diagnostic performance was estimated using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Several models combining the fibrosis 4 index (FIB‐4) score and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were analysed to reduce the need for unnecessary liver biopsies. We observed significant fibrosis (≥F2), advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4) in 173 (32.1%), 74 (13.7%) and 46 subjects (8.5%), respectively. The AUROCs (95% CI) for LSMs to diagnose ≥F2, ≥F3 and F4 were 0.82 (0.78‐0.85), 0.92 (0.89‐0.94) and 0.95 (0.93‐0.97), respectively. Optimal LSM cut‐off values were 6.7 (≥F2), 8.3 (≥F3) and 9.8 (F4) kPa. LSMs were affected by waist circumference, serum albumin and fibrosis stage (R2 = 0.315). Abdominal obesity, elevated transaminase, diabetes mellitus and high IQR/Median were associated with the discordance of ≥2 fibrosis stages between LSMs and histologic data. The sequential use of the age‐adjusted FIB‐4 and LSMs yielded the least uncertainty (5.3%) in classifying disease severity with the highest diagnostic accuracy (81%) among a variety of non‐invasive test combinations.ConclusionsThe sequential approach of age‐adjusted FIB‐4 and VCTE could represent a practical diagnostic strategy to detect advanced fibrosis in NAFLD (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT 02206841).
The negative impact of vitamin D on antipsychotic drug exposure may counteract its potential benefits in schizophrenia
Authors: Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Finner‐Prével Michelle , Lammertz Sarah , Schaffrath Sabrina , Eisner Patrick , Stöhr Felix , Röcher Erik , Winkler Lina , Kaleta Peter , Lenzen Laura , Augustin Marc , Hovancakova Jana , Schwemmer Lara , Stormanns Eva , Keskin Fatih , Hendricks Frederik , Paulzen Michael , Gründer Gerhard , Schneider Frank ,   APIC Consortium, Mathiak Klaus 
Published: January 2022

AimsPatients with schizophrenia frequently show insufficient vitamin D levels, which are associated with somatic comorbidity and may contribute to psychopathology. For many reasons, vitamin D supplementation may be indicated for this patient cohort. However, there is growing evidence for a vitamin D‐mediated increase of drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Hence, this study aimed to assess vitamin D's impact on both antipsychotic drug concentrations and psychopathology in a non‐interventional manner.MethodsTotals of 107 serum concentrations of different antipsychotic drugs (amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone), 80 serum concentrations of vitamin D and psychopathological assessments were obtained from 80 patients with schizophrenia. The impact of Vitamin D on antipsychotic drug concentrations and symptomatology was assessed using a generalized linear model, path and correlation analyses.ResultsWe observed a negative relationship between vitamin D and dose‐adjusted antipsychotic drug concentrations, which was particularly pronounced for drugs which are predominantly metabolized via CYP3A4 (i.e., aripiprazole and quetiapine). A path analysis suggested a relieving effect of vitamin D on symptomatology which was, however, counteracted by its negative impact on antipsychotic drug levels. Finally, patients with vitamin D levels above the median exhibited a significantly higher proportion of therapeutically insufficient dose‐normalized drug concentrations of aripiprazole and quetiapine.ConclusionDespite vitamin D's potential benefits on physical and mental health, clinicians should be aware of its negative impact on blood concentrations of antipsychotics metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, when considering its supplementation, therapeutic drug monitoring should be applied to guide dose adjustment.
Risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in antidepressant drug users
Authors: Eroglu Talip E. , Barcella Carlo A. , Gerds Thomas A. , Kessing Lars Vedel , Zylyftari Nertila , Mohr Grimur H. , Kragholm Kristian , Polcwiartek Christoffer , Wissenberg Mads , Folke Fredrik , Tan Hanno L. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: January 2022

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between antidepressant use and out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) risk. We investigated whether the use of antidepressants is associated with OHCA.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide nested case–control study to assess the association of individual antidepressant drugs within drug classes with the hazard of OHCA. Cases were defined as OHCA from presumed cardiac causes. Cox regression with time‐dependent exposure and time‐dependent covariates was conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) overall and in subgroups defined by established cardiac disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Also, we studied antidepressants with and without sodium channel blocking or potassium channel blocking properties separately.ResultsDuring the study period from 2001 to 2015 we observed 10 987 OHCA cases, and found increased OHCA rate for high‐dose citalopram (>20 mg) and high‐dose escitalopram (>10 mg; HR:1.46 [95% CI:1.27–1.69], HR:1.43 [95% CI:1.16–1.75], respectively) among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (reference drug sertraline), and for high‐dose mirtazapine (>30; HR:1.59 [95% CI:1.18–2.14]) among the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (reference drug duloxetine). Among tricyclic antidepressants (reference drug amitriptyline), no drug was associated with significantly increased OHCA rate. Increased OHCA rate was found for antidepressants with known potassium channel blocking properties (HR:1.14 [95% CI:1.05–1.23]), but for not those with sodium channel blocking properties. Citalopram, although not statistically significant, and mirtazapine were associated with increased OHCA rate in patients without cardiac disease and cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionOur findings indicate that careful titration of citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine dose may have to be considered due to drug safety issues.
Development and validation of an instrument to measure online assessment acceptance in higher education
Authors: Or Caleb , Chapman Elaine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany educational institutions have adopted online assessment in recent years. Previous studies on online assessment have often been tied to studies on learning management systems. As such, questions of online assessment acceptance have typically been overshadowed by a focus on the acceptance of learning management systems in general. The focus of the present research on online assessment is relatively rare. This paper describes the validation of an instrument to measure online assessment adoption by lecturers in higher education. A total of 213 participants responded to a 20‐item online questionnaire. With the data collected and the model fit, the instrument developed was able to meet the expectations to measure online assessment. The preliminary evidence of the validity of the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, based on its reliability found in the current study, supports the use of the instrument as a technology acceptance framework for online assessment systems.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model has been found to be a reliable and robust model to study and explain technology acceptance and use across various educational contexts.
In the UTAUT model, performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions are direct determinants of user acceptance and use behaviour.
Subsequent validation by Venkatesh et al. (2003) in a longitudinal study found that the UTAUT model was a competent model that explained the relationships between PE, EE, SI and user behavioural intention (BI).
What this paper adds

An extended UTAUT model has been proposed, with the removal of EE as many UTAUT studies have shown that its influence has not been as consistent as compared to that of the other original constructs. In its place, constructs such as usability and learnability have been added as potential influences on both BI and use behaviour.
Attitude as a construct has been added, as this was first included in an earlier Technology Acceptance Model but absent in the original UTAUT model.
Development of a validated instrument suitable for assessing educators' acceptance of online assessment based on the extended UTAUT model.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The instrument proposed in this study can be used as a tool to examine educators' perception on online assessment.
The instrument can also be used as a tool to inform educational institutions the factors that influence the successful implementation of online assessment or assessment‐related systems.
Based on its reliability found in the current study, this study supports the use of the instrument as a technology acceptance framework for online assessment systems.
Immersive virtual reality to train preservice teachers in managing students' challenging behaviours: A pilot study
Authors: Chen Chi‐Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis pilot study investigated the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on the classroom management ability of preservice teachers, the addition of real‐time audio feedback as reinforcement and whether preservice teachers could apply their training in an actual classroom setting. We employed the Breaking Bad Behaviours' immersive VR system to design a training situation. Managing students' challenging behaviours was the training target, and 10 preservice teachers were invited to participate (five men and five women; age range, 20–26 years). The results revealed that the immersive VR training experience improved the speed and effectiveness of the participants' management of challenging behaviours in students and enabled the participants to transfer their learning to an actual classroom setting. After the training, the teachers were more confident in halting challenging behaviours by approaching the students, taking appropriate actions and using oral commands. Real‐time audio feedback had a positive but weak influence and gave the participants a feeling of encouragement and affirmation regarding their actions; the influence of real‐time feedback is expected to be stronger if the target of the reinforcement is focused on specific classroom management strategies. Finally, more interactive student avatars should be added to the immersive VR system to enhance classroom management communication, thus making the system a more effective teacher training tool.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Virtual reality (VR) provides a high degree of realism that increases the effectiveness of teacher training simulations.

Desktop VR technology has been applied in professional development for classroom management; few studies have used immersive VR for classroom management training.

What this paper adds

The immersive virtual training experience could improve preservice teachers' ability to handle students' challenging behaviours, and the classroom management ability learned through immersive VR can be transferred to a real classroom.

Real‐time audio feedback can encourage preservice teachers and provide a feeling of achievement and affirm their actions.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Immersive VR simulations can be used as a training tool to provide preservice teachers with authentic classroom management practice experience.

Through careful design, real‐time audio feedback can be incorporated into the immersive virtual simulation process to reinforce the target behaviours.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current and future treatment
Authors: Glass Daniel S. , Grossfeld David , Renna Heather A. , Agarwala Priya , Spiegler Peter , DeLeon Joshua , Reiss Allison B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic lung disease characterized by dry cough, fatigue, and progressive exertional dyspnea. Lung parenchyma and architecture is destroyed, compliance is lost, and gas exchange is compromised in this debilitating condition that leads inexorably to respiratory failure and death within 3–5 years of diagnosis. This review discusses treatment approaches to IPF in current use and those that appear promising for future development.Data SourceThe data were obtained from the Randomized Controlled Trials and scientific studies published in English literature. We used search terms related to IPF, antifibrotic treatment, lung transplant, and management.ResultsEtiopathogenesis of IPF is not fully understood, and treatment options are limited. Pathological features of IPF include extracellular matrix remodeling, fibroblast activation and proliferation, immune dysregulation, cell senescence, and presence of aberrant basaloid cells. The mainstay therapies are the oral antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib, which can improve quality of life, attenuate symptoms, and slow disease progression. Unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation is the only treatment for IPF shown to increase life expectancy.ConclusionClearly, there is an unmet need for accelerated research into IPF mechanisms so that progress can be made in therapeutics toward the goals of increasing life expectancy, alleviating symptoms, and improving well‐being.
To snack or not to snack: Using fNIRS to link inhibitory control to functional connectivity in the toddler brain
Authors: Kerr‐German Anastasia , Namuth August , Santosa Hendrik , Buss Aaron T. , White Stuart 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInhibitory control (IC) emerges in infancy, continues to develop throughout childhood and is linked to later life outcomes such as school achievement, prosocial behavior, and psychopathology. Little, however, is known about the neural processes underpinning IC, especially in 2‐year‐olds. In this study, we examine functional connectivity (FC) in 2.5‐year‐olds while recording hemodynamic responses via functional infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a traditional snack delay task. We found that functional connectivity strength between left frontal and parietal cortex and bilateral parietal cortex were positively associated with performance on this task. The current findings present the first neural data for toddlers during this IC task. Further, these data are the first to link this self‐regulatory process to differences in brain development within this population. Implications for future directions and work with clinical populations are discussed.
Percutaneous closure of congenital aortic–to–right atrial fistula
Authors: Akyüz Abdurrahman , Çap Murat , Işık Ferhat , Aslan Burhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransthoracic and transesophageal imaging of a 30‐year‐old patient who presented with palpitations and shortness of breath revealed flow from the aorta to the right atrium. An aortic‐right atrial fistula, which is a rare anomaly, was evaluated. As there was no acquired cause, it was considered a congenital defect. Due to the patient's being symptomatic, a percutaneous closure was performed with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II device.