bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates prenatally exposed to Zika virus: A case–control study
Authors: Ramos Clara L. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Eduardo C. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Gustavo C. , VanDuijn Martijn M. , Vilas‐Boas Ana‐Luisa , Moreno‐Carvalho Otávio A. , Carvalho Lucas P. , Zeneyedpour Lona , Ferwerda Gerben , de Groot Ronald , Luider Theo M. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Cristiana M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo compare cell adhesion molecules levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between Zika virus (ZIKV)‐exposed neonates with/without microcephaly (cases) and controls, 16 neonates (cases), 8 (50%) with and 8 (50%) without microcephaly, who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) during the ZIKV epidemic (2015–2016) were included. All mothers reported ZIKV clinical symptoms during gestation, all neonates presented with congenital infection findings, and other congenital infections were ruled out. Fourteen control neonates underwent LP in the same laboratory (2017–2018). Five cell adhesion proteins were measured in the CSF using mass spectrometry. Neurexin‐1 (3.50 [2.00–4.00] vs. 7.5 [5.00–10.25], P = 0.001), neurexin‐3 (0.00 [0.00–0.00] vs. 3.00 [1.50–4.00], P = 0.001) and neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) (0.00 [0.00–0.75] vs. 1.00 [1.00–2.00], P = 0.001) were significantly lower in microcephalic and non‐microcephalic cases than in controls. When these two sub‐groups of prenatally ZIKA‐exposed children were compared to controls separately, the same results were found. When cases with and without microcephaly were compared, no difference was found. Neurexin‐3 (18.8% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.001) and NCAM2 (25.0% vs. 85.7%, P = 0.001) were less frequently found among the cases. A positive correlation was found between cephalic perimeter and levels of these two proteins. Neurexin‐2 and neurexin‐2b presented no significant differences. Levels of three cell adhesion proteins were significantly lower in CSF of neonates exposed to ZIKV before birth than in controls, irrespective of presence of congenital microcephaly. Moreover, the smaller the cephalic perimeter, the lower CSF cell adhesion protein levels. These findings suggest that low CSF levels of neurexin‐1, neurexin‐3 and NCAM2 may reflect the effects of ZIKV on foetal brain development.
Reliability of visual review of intracranial electroencephalogram in identifying the seizure onset zone: A systematic review and implications for the accuracy of automated methods
Authors: Flanary James , Daly Samuel R. , Bakker Caitlin , Herman Alexander B. , Park Michael C. , McGovern Robert , Walczak Thaddeus , Henry Thomas , Netoff Theoden I. , Darrow David P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVisual review of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is often an essential component for defining the zone of resection for epilepsy surgery. Unsupervised approaches using machine and deep learning are being employed to identify seizure onset zones (SOZs). This prompts a more comprehensive understanding of the reliability of visual review as a reference standard. We sought to summarize existing evidence on the reliability of visual review of iEEG in defining the SOZ for patients undergoing surgical workup and understand its implications for algorithm accuracy for SOZ prediction. We performed a systematic literature review on the reliability of determining the SOZ by visual inspection of iEEG in accordance with best practices. Searches included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on May 8, 2022. We included studies with a quantitative reliability assessment within or between observers. Risk of bias assessment was performed with QUADAS‐2. A model was developed to estimate the effect of Cohen kappa on the maximum possible accuracy for any algorithm detecting the SOZ. Two thousand three hundred thirty‐eight articles were identified and evaluated, of which one met inclusion criteria. This study assessed reliability between two reviewers for 10 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and found a kappa of .80. These limited data were used to model the maximum accuracy of automated methods. For a hypothetical algorithm that is 100% accurate to the ground truth, the maximum accuracy modeled with a Cohen kappa of .8 ranged from .60 to .85 (F‐2). The reliability of reviewing iEEG to localize the SOZ has been evaluated only in a small sample of patients with methodologic limitations. The ability of any algorithm to estimate the SOZ is notably limited by the reliability of iEEG interpretation. We acknowledge practical limitations of rigorous reliability analysis, and we propose design characteristics and study questions to further investigate reliability.
Efficacy of antiseizure medication in a mouse model of HCN1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Bleakley Lauren E. , McKenzie Chaseley E. , Reid Christopher A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcquisition of drug‐sensitivity profiles is challenging in rare epilepsies. Anecdotal evidence suggests that antiseizure medications that block sodium channels as their primary mechanism of action exacerbate seizures in HCN1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), whereas sodium valproate is effective for some patients. The Hcn1 M294L heterozygous knock‐in (Hcn1M294L) mouse carries the homologue of the recurrent gain‐of‐function HCN1 M305L pathogenic variant and recapitulates the seizure and some behavioral phenotypes observed in patients. We used this mouse model to study drug efficacy in HCN1 DEE. Hcn1M294L mice display epileptiform spiking on electrocorticography (ECoG), which we used as a quantifiable measure of drug effect. Phenytoin, lamotrigine, and retigabine significantly increased ECoG spike frequency, with lamotrigine and retigabine triggering seizures in a subset of the mice tested. In addition, there was a strong trend for carbamazepine to increase spiking. In contrast, levetiracetam, diazepam, sodium valproate, and ethosuximide all significantly reduced ECoG spike frequency. Drugs that reduced spiking did not cause any consistent ECoG spectral changes, whereas drugs that increased spiking all increased power in the slower delta and/or theta bands. These data provide a framework on which to build our understanding of gain‐of‐function HCN1 DEE pharmacosensitivity in the clinical setting.
Between the Cape Fold Mountains and the deep blue sea: Comparative phylogeography of selected codistributed ectotherms reveals asynchronous cladogenesis
Authors: Myburgh Angus Macgregor , Daniels Savel Regan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe compare the phylogeographic structure of 13 codistributed ectotherms including four reptiles (a snake, a legless skink and two tortoise species) and nine invertebrates (six freshwater crabs and three velvet worm species) to test the presence of congruent evolutionary histories. Phylogenies were estimated and dated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods with combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence datasets. All taxa demonstrated a marked east/west phylogeographic division, separated by the Cape Fold Mountain range. Phylogeographic concordance factors were calculated to assess the degree of evolutionary congruence among the study species and generally supported a shared pattern of diversification along the east/west longitudinal axis. Testing simultaneous divergence between the eastern and western phylogeographic regions indicated pseudocongruent evolutionary histories among the study taxa, with at least three separate divergence events throughout the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene epochs. Climatic refugia were identified for each species using climatic niche modelling, demonstrating taxon‐specific responses to climatic fluctuations. Climate and the Cape Fold Mountain barrier explained the highest proportion of genetic diversity in all taxa, while climate was the most significant individual abiotic variable. This study highlights the complex interactions between the evolutionary history of fauna, the Cape Fold Mountains and past climatic oscillations during the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene. The congruent east/west phylogeographic division observed in all taxa lends support to the conclusion that the longitudinal climatic gradient within the Greater Cape Floristic Region, mediated in part by the barrier to dispersal posed by the Cape Fold Mountains, plays a major role in lineage diversification and population differentiation.
Stratum corneum cytokine levels in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Nguyen Anh Ly , Kezic Sanja , Vermeer Maarten , Quint Koen , Slieker Roderick , van Doorn Remco , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) is characterised by malignant CD4+ T‐cell infiltrates in the skin. The functional characteristics of the malignant T cells and their interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment is largely unknown. We performed tape stripping of the stratum corneum (SC), a non‐invasive technique, to gain insight into the cytokine secretion patterns in MF skin lesions. In addition, we assessed whether the SC cytokine profile of MF lesions is distinct from that of atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions. We compared nine cytokine levels in 20 patients with MF, 10 patients with AD and 10 healthy controls. In patients with MF and AD, lesional SC levels of IL‐8 and MMP9 were significantly higher than in non‐lesional SC and in healthy controls. VEGFα was significantly higher in lesional MF and AD skin than in healthy controls. The SC levels of IL‐1α were significantly lower in MF and AD lesions than in healthy controls. There was no specific cytokine profile or inflammation pattern that could reliably distinguish MF from AD. In conclusion, in lesional SC of MF patients, pro‐inflammatory cytokines can be detected. As a diagnostic method, tape stripping of lesional SC cannot discriminate MF skin from AD skin.
Are founding families less willing to bear risk? Evidence from the currency exposure and internationalization strategy of family firms
Authors: Anderson Ronald C. , Bergbrant Mikael C. , Hunter Delroy M. , Reeb David M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough theory predicts that family firms should be less willing to bear risk than nonfamily firms, prior empirical papers have not found support for this prediction. In this paper, we focus on conditional currency risk because founding families can relatively easily influence their firms’ currency exposure. We find that family firms have relatively lower conditional currency exposure. This result holds for both descendant‐led and nonfamily‐led family firms. Consistent with purposeful actions of founding families, we find that exposure decreases with control‐enhancing mechanisms, such as excess voting rights. The findings also support a wealth‐preservation motive, evidenced by a finding that exposure declines with the number of family beneficiaries. Additional analysis suggests that family firms achieve the relatively lower risk by reducing internationalization depth and limiting exposure to riskier currencies.
Do investors affect financial analysts’ behavior? Evidence from short sellers
Authors: Ke Yun , Lo Kin , Sheng Jinfei , Zhang Jenny Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine how short sellers affect financial analysts’ forecast behavior using a natural experiment that relaxes short‐sale constraints. We find that increased ease of short selling improves analyst earnings forecast quality by reducing forecast bias and increasing forecast accuracy. The improvements can be explained by both the disciplining pressure from short sellers and increased price efficiency from incorporating information in a timely manner. Although it is well documented that financial analysts can affect investors, our paper provides novel evidence on how sophisticated investors, short sellers, can affect analysts.
Evaluation of sugar feedstocks for bio‐based chemicals: A consequential, regionalized life cycle assessment
Authors: Fabbri Serena , Owsianiak Mikołaj , Hauschild Michael Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFermentable sugars are an attractive feedstock for the production of bio‐based chemicals. However, little is known about the environmental performance of sugar feedstocks when demand for sugars increases, and when local conditions and sensitivities of receiving ecosystems are taken into account. Production of monosaccharides from various first‐ and second‐generation feedstocks (sugar beet, sugar cane, wheat, maize, wood, residual woodchips, and sawdust) in different geographic locations was assessed and compared as feedstock for monoethylene glycol (MEG) using consequential, regionalized life cycle assessment. Sugar cane grown in Thailand performed best in all three areas of protection, that is, for life cycle impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and resources (respectively, equal to −7.6 × 10−5 disability‐adjusted life years, −1.2 × 10−8 species‐years and −0.046 US dollars per amount of feedstock needed to produce 1 kg of MEG). This was mainly due to benefits from by‐products—incineration of sugar cane bagasse generating electricity and use of sugar cane molasses for the production of bioethanol. The wood‐based feedstocks and maize performed worse than sugar cane and sugar beet, but their evaluation did not consider that sugar extraction technology from lignocellulose is immature, while identification of marginal suppliers of the marginal crop is particularly uncertain for maize. Wheat grown in Russia performed the worst mainly due to low agricultural yields (with impacts equal to 8.9 × 10−5 disability‐adjusted life years, 6.9 × 10−7 species‐years, and 1.8 US dollars per amount of feedstock required to produce 1 kg of bio‐based MEG). Our results suggest that selection of sugar feedstocks for bio‐based chemicals should focus on (i) the intended use of by‐products and functions they replace and (ii) consideration of geographic differences in parameters that influence life cycle inventories, while spatial differentiation in the life cycle impact assessment was less influential.
Geographies of ethnogenesis and diasporas
Authors: Gowricharn Ruben S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEthnogenesis, the emergence of an ethnic group, is pivotal to understand ethnic communities and diasporas, specifically the variety of place attachments, new forms of home and place‐making and the emergence of new hybridities and identities. Despite its obvious relevance, geographers have devoted much less attention to ethnogenesis. Moreover, in all disciplines, the concept of ethnogenesis is used in different ways, while the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora is practically absent. This article argues first for conceptual clarification and suggests differentiation of types of ethnogenesis and diasporas; second, to focus on the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora; and, third, to broaden the focus to include the environment in accounting for ethnogenesis and diasporas.
Associations between HIV infection and frailty status and its individual components: Are frailty components disproportionally affected?
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Xiaoxiao , Lin Haijiang , Yuan Shiying , Shi Ruizi , Xu Lulu , Qiao Shijie , He Chunyan , Shen Weiwei , He Na , Ding Yingying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine whether HIV infection was independently associated with frailty status and its individual components.MethodsThis cross‐sectional investigation included people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV‐negative individuals from the baseline survey of the Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART) cohort, China. Frailty phenotype was based on five components: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weak grip strength and slow gait speed. Frailty was defined as the presence of at least three components, and prefrailty was defined as one or two components. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors associated with frailty and its components.ResultsIn all, 2475 people living with HIV (age 45.5 ± 14.9 years; 76.2% male) and 4948 HIV‐negative individuals (age 45.5 ± 14.8 years; 76.3% male) were included. Among PLWH, median CD4 count was 395 cells/μL and 78% were currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Frailty and prefrailty were significantly more prevalent in PLWH (3.2% vs 1.9% and 32.9% vs 27.9%) overall and at ages 18–39 (1.4% vs 0.2% and 22.7% vs 19.0%), 40–59 (2.5% vs 0.9% and 30.9% vs 27.9%) and 60–90 years (8.4% vs 7.4% and 57.1% vs 45.8%). HIV infection was associated with frailty and prefrailty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.08; and aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.33, respectively] after adjusting for confounding variables, but were strengthened with further adjustment for multimorbidity (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.14–2.28; and aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37), and were no longer significant with further adjustment for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.71–1.46; and aOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.20). Among individual components, HIV infection was positively associated with weak grip strength and slow gait speed, but negatively associated with low physical activity and exhaustion in all the adjusted models described.ConclusionsFrailty and prefrailty occur more often and earlier in PLWH. However, grip strength and gait speed are affected to a greater extent, highlighting their potential as screening and intervention targets to prevent or slow frailty among PLWH.
The efficacy of air polishing devices in supportive periodontal therapy: Clinical, microbiological and patient‐centred outcomes. A systematic review
Authors: Martins Orlando , Costa Ana , Silva Daniela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this review was to compare air polishing devices with conventional periodontal therapy (hand instrumentation and/or ultrasonic debridement), in terms of their clinical, microbiological and patient‐related outcomes in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy.MethodsAn online database search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1987 and March 2021. Selection, data extraction and assessment risk of individual bias were conducted by two independent reviewers. The PICO method was employed to formulate the question: “In patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy/supportive periodontal therapy, do air polishing systems result in better clinical, microbiological and patient related outcomes than ultrasonic instrumentation or hand instrumentation?” Primary outcomes were bleeding on probing, gingival index and/or bleeding index. Secondary outcomes were probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, microbiological counts and/or patient tolerance. The risk of bias was evaluated and the systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO.ResultsThe electronic search yielded 501 references of which 14 were included in this review. A meta‐analysis was not performed due to great heterogeneity within the studies. Air polishing devices and conventional periodontal therapy presented identical results in the 14 studies analysed; however, air polishing devices presented better antimicrobial behaviour and better patient‐related outcomes.ConclusionsBoth air polishing devices and conventional techniques demonstrated no difference in terms of clinical efficacy; however, air polishing devices seem to present improved antimicrobial results. In addition, they are also a safer, faster and more comfortable option for patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy.
Fluoride content in paediatric dentifrices commercialized in Brazil
Authors: Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Sena Nara Juliana Custódio , Júnior Francisco Josimar Girão , Lotif Mara Assef Leitão , Passos Vanara Florêncio , Squassi Aldo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the total, soluble and ionic fluoride (IF) concentration in toothpastes for children since there is a lack of information about this data.MethodsFifteen different brands of toothpastes were purchased in different cities in Brazil. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and IF of two samples of each brand were determined (μg/g F).ResultsThe concentration of TF found in the fluoride toothpastes ranged from 324.4 to 1466.2 μg/g F, TSF ranged from 214.6 to 1424.1 μg/g F and IF ranged from 108.3 to 1320.1 μg/g F. TSF ranged between TF and IF. Most toothpastes were formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), and only one with monofluorophosphate (MFP). The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were below the TF concentration.ConclusionsThe measured TF was less than that declared by the manufacturer in all the products. Most of the evaluated fluoride toothpastes commercialized in Brazil showed concentrations of TF below what was stated on the packaging, but with enough TSF to provide an anti‐caries effect.
Assessment and correlation of the influence of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on serum lipid profile and cytokines in patients with stage III periodontitis
Authors: Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Bajaj Vinisha Ashok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterleukins are the markers of inflammation and the lipid profile reveals the likelihood of arising cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study aimed to assess and correlate the influence of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on serum lipid profile and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in patients with Stage III periodontitis.MethodsSixty patients with the age range of 35–60 years with Stage III periodontitis were included by evaluating for periodontal parameters such as Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). NSPT was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Biochemical parameters like serum lipid parameters of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipopolysaccharide (LDL), high‐density lipopolysaccharide (HDL), and IL‐6 and IL‐8 serum levels were assessed at baseline and 6 months' post‐NSPT.ResultsThe results indicated a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) in the PPD (2.75 ± 0.41), CAL (3.23 ± 0.56), lipid profile, and serum cytokine levels 6 months' post‐NSPT as compared to baseline. A highly significant (p < 0.0001) percentage reduction was observed in the IL‐6 (35.3%), IL‐8 (41.6%), TC (7.5%), TG (1.78%), LDL (6.2%), and HDL (−21.8%) clinical and biochemical parameters at 6 months' recall post‐NSPT.ConclusionNon‐surgical periodontal therapy caused a significant reduction in the levels of serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 as well as the lipid biomarkers TC, TG, LDL, and increase values of HDL. These findings imply a considerable reduction in the risk of developing CVD in patients with Stage III periodontitis.
Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual
Authors: Kim Sumi , Brutt‐Griffler Janina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentity is a subject of intense scrutiny in the field of Applied Linguistics. Of particular concern are issues of intersectionality of language and culture in the lives of minority groups. Yet, the empirical evidence in support of language and cultural identity (re)construction of ethnic minorities in Japan is far from conclusive. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the present study seeks to shed light on multilingual identity construction and negotiation in different language contexts, as experienced by Riko, a third‐generation Japanese woman of Korean descent. Our analysis shows that Riko's multilingual identity is undermined in Japan and Korea where monoglossic ideologies are still prevalent. The sociohistorical and sociopolitical context of Japan and Korea does not allow her to have any middle ground, exacerbating the potential for multilingual identity conflicts. In contrast, Riko's US study abroad experience aids her in cultivating a critical and deeper understanding of being a multilingual citizen. Findings further highlight the role of English which enables her to transcend the challenges posed by her ethnicity. In light of our findings, we draw implications for the significance of developing greater global and cultural awareness in language education and academic programs.