bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Can Canan , Kepenek Ferat , Kömek Halil , Gündoğan Cihan , Kaplan İhsan , Taşdemir Bekir , Güzel Yunus , Agüloğlu Nurşin , Karaoğlan Hüseyin 
Published: August 2022

Aim
In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18F−fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and Gallium-68 labeled fibroblast activator protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI)-04 PET/CT in the tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate whether adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell cancer (SCC) exhibit different uptake patterns on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT.

Materials and method
Twenty-nine patients with a histopathologically-confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC, who had no history of previous radiation therapy or chemotherapy and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging between January 2021 and December 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Staging was performed using the 8th edition of the TNM staging system on both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT images. Standardized uptake value (SUV)max and tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were calculated on primary lesions and metastases.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in primary lesions in terms of SUVmax and TBR values. However, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was significantly superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT in terms of the number of lymph nodes and bone metastases revealed. The SUVmax and TBR values of lymph nodes, hepatic lesions and bone lesions were significantly higher on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT than on 18F-FDG PET/CT. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT changed the disease stage of three patients (10.9%). The diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was 100%, whereas the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 89.6% (P = 0.250).

Conclusion
Although 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT detected more lesions and higher diagnostic accuracy than 18F-FDG PET/CT in NSCLC, neither method was statistically superior to each other in terms of diagnostic accuracy in TNM staging.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Osteosarcoma Experiencing Relapse or Progression: A Single-institute Experience
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Sakamoto Akio , Noguchi Takashi , Uchihara Yoshinori , Kobushi Hirokazu , Akazawa Ryo , Ogata Hideto , Saida Satoshi , Kato Itaru , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Uto Megumi , Mizowaki Takashi , Haga Hironori , Date Hiroshi , Okamoto Takeshi , Watanabe Kenichiro , Adachi Souichi , Toguchida Junya , Matsuda Shuichi , Takita Junko 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Patients with osteosarcoma who experience relapse or progression [R/P] have a poor prognosis.

Methods:
Data from 30 patients who experienced R/P among 59 with a diagnosis of high-grade osteosarcoma, who were younger than 40 years old between 2000 and 2019, were retrospectively analyzed to identify prognostic and therapeutic factors influencing their outcomes.

Results:
The 5-year overall survival [OS] rates after the last R/P of patients experiencing first [n=30], second [n=14], and third [n=9] R/P were 50.3%, 51.3%, and 46.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis did not identify any independent risk factors affecting OS. The 5-year PFS rate of the 30 patients after first R/P was 22.4%, and multivariate analysis identified histologic subtype and curative local surgery as independent risk factors influencing PFS. Long [>6 mo] partial response was observed in three patients treated using temozolomide+etoposide, irinotecan+carboplatin, or regorafenib.

Conclusions:
OS rate in the patients with osteosarcoma experiencing R/P included in this study was markedly higher than that reported previously, mainly due to the surgical total removal of tumors, even after subsequent R/P. The recent establishment of salvage chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy may also increase survival rates in a subgroup of patients.
Roles of Vitamin-K-dependent Factors Protein S and GAS6 With TAM Receptors and HMGB1 in Pediatric COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Şik Nihan , Duman Murat , Küme Tuncay , Gürsoy Doruk Özlem , Yilmaz Durgül , Ören Hale 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
This study was designed to evaluate serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), protein S (PS), growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), and TAM receptor (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) levels in children with COVID-19 disease.

Methods:
A prospective case-control study was conducted in our pediatric emergency department and 57 patients with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity, 6 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and 17 healthy children were included. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory and radiologic data, the need for hospitalization, and prognosis were recorded. Serum HMGB1, PS, GAS6, and TAM receptor levels were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:
While SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients and healthy controls were similar in terms of gender and age, GAS6 and MERTK levels were significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients compared with healthy controls. Among SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients, no difference was found in terms of serum markers in those with and without gastrointestinal or respiratory system symptoms. However, in patients with respiratory distress at admission, PS and TYRO3 levels were significantly lower. AXL levels were lower in patients diagnosed with MIS-C compared with healthy controls. Activated partial thromboplastin time was negatively correlated with HMGB1, PS, GAS6, and AXL levels.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that such measurements may be informative and warranted in children with COVID-19 who show evidence of coagulopathy and respiratory distress. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles of these markers in diagnosis, to predict clinical severity, and to evaluate their roles in treatment approaches for COVID-19 disease.
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injuries at Medicolegal Autopsy
Authors: van Wyk Charmaine , Hlaise Keven Khazamula , Blumenthal Ryan 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (TDIs) are relatively rare. The forensic literature pertaining to TDIs consists mainly of case studies, suggesting little attention to these injuries during autopsies and research.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study was conducted at the Ga-Rankuwa Forensic Pathology Services mortuary over a 1-year period. We included all cases who had a full medicolegal autopsy, as prescribed by the relevant South African legislation (Inquest Act 58 of 1959). All diaphragms were examined by a forensic medical practitioner performing the autopsy.

Results
Nine hundred ninety-nine cases were analyzed; of these, 71 cases with TDIs were identified. The incidence of TDI was, therefore, determined to be 7.11%. A total of 60.56% involved the right hemidiaphragm, 19.72% the left hemidiaphragm, and 19.72% were present bilaterally. A total of 85.92% were present in men and 14.08% in women. Blunt force trauma comprised 33.80%, and penetrative trauma 61.97%. Most were associated with severe injuries. A total of 12.68% had organ herniation through the defects present.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that TDIs were more common than initially reported. The right side was more often involved in our study than in other studies. Diaphragmatic injuries were observed in 21.46% of all penetrative trauma cases received in a year.
Everolimus is Safe as a Second-/Third-Line Therapy in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Jannone Giulia , Scheers Isabelle , Smets Françoise , Stephenne Xavier , M Sokal Etienne 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can lead to progressive fibrosis in patients refractory to conventional therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine. The use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors has recently emerged in refractory AIH, but no data have been published about everolimus in pediatric AIH to date. Our aim was to share our experience about everolimus as a second-/third-line therapy in pediatric AIH.

Methods:
Pretransplant AIH patients aged 0–18 years who received everolimus therapy from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively identified. All patients underwent regular plasma monitoring of everolimus trough levels to avoid toxicity and assess adherence. Special attention was paid to the clinical and biochemical occurrence of everolimus-related adverse events.

Results:
We report six difficult-to-treat AIH patients who received everolimus therapy for 8–46 months (median 28 months). No side effects were reported when everolimus plasma trough levels were in the therapeutic range. Liver transaminases improved in 5 of 6 patients at everolimus introduction and significantly decreased at the last follow-up (FU) in our cohort (P < 0.05). None of our patients achieved complete biochemical remission at the last FU and 3 of 6 admitted to have suboptimal adherence to therapy.

Conclusions:
Our data bring preliminary safety for the use of everolimus as a second-/third-line therapy in pediatric AIH. Although liver transaminases improved in our cohort, prospective studies are needed to determine if everolimus can induce long-term remission.
Framework for Training in Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery: An International Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Korrel Maarten , Lof Sanne , Alseidi Adnan A , Asbun Horacio J , Boggi Ugo , Hogg Melissa E , Jang Jin-young , Nakamura Masafumi , Besselink Marc G , Abu Hilal Mohammad ,   for the International Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (I-MIPS)
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Previous reports suggest that structured training in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (MIPS) can ensure a safe implementation into standard practice. Although some training programs have been constructed, worldwide consensus on fundamental items of these training programs is lacking. This study aimed to determine items for a structured MIPS training program using the Delphi consensus methodology.

STUDY DESIGN:
The study process consisted of 2 Delphi rounds among international experts in MIPS, identified by a literature review. The study committee developed a list of items for 3 key domains of MIPS training: (1) framework, (2) centers and surgeons eligible for training, and (3) surgeons eligible as proctor. The experts rated these items on a scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). A Cronbach’s α of 0.70 or greater was defined as the cut-off value to achieve consensus. Each item that achieved 80% or greater of expert votes was considered as fundamental for a training program in MIPS.

RESULTS:
Both Delphi study rounds were completed by all invited experts in MIPS, with a median experience of 20 years in MIPS. Experts included surgeons from 31 cities in 13 countries across 4 continents. Consensus was reached on 38 fundamental items for the framework of training (16 of 35 items, Cronbach’s α = 0.72), centers and surgeons eligible for training (19 of 30 items, Cronbach’s α = 0.87), and surgeons eligible as proctor (3 of 10 items, Cronbach’s α = 0.89). Center eligibility for MIPS included a minimum annual volume of 10 distal pancreatectomies and 50 pancreatoduodenectomies.

CONCLUSION:
Consensus among worldwide experts in MIPS was reached on fundamental items for the framework of training and criteria for participating surgeons and centers. These items act as a guideline and intend to improve training, proctoring, and safe worldwide dissemination of MIPS.
A long-term prospective cohort study of seriously injured older trauma patients
Authors: Ibitoye Sarah , Bridgeman-Rutledge Lily , Carter Ben , Braude Philip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA protocol for a prospective observational cohort study to investigate the effect of frailty on long-term outcomes in older adults admitted with trauma. Patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the Severn Major Trauma Centre at North Bristol NHS Trust in England between November 2018 and September 2019, will be followed up at 4-years. The objective is to determine if there is an association between Clinical Frailty Scale and mortality at 4 years after admission to hospital with a traumatic injury. The primary outcome will be mortality as measured by time from hospital admission to death. Analyses will be adjusted for other factors shown to be associated with mortality, using a mixed-effects multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.Protocol VersionSignature PageThe undersigned confirm that the following protocol has been agreed and accepted and that the Chief Investigator agrees to conduct the study in compliance with the approved protocol and will adhere to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, the Sponsor’s SOPs, and other regulatory requirements.I agree to ensure that the confidential information contained in this document will not be used for any other purpose other than the evaluation or conduct of the investigation without the prior written consent of the SponsorI also confirm that I will make the findings of the study publicly available through publication or other dissemination tools without any unnecessary delay and that an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study will be given; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned in this protocol will be explained.Chief InvestigatorKey Study ContactsStudy SummaryFunding and Support in KindRoles and ResponsibilitiesProtocol ContributorsStudy Flow Chart
Performance of the Cue COVID-19 Molecular Test for Point of Care: Insights from a multi-site clinic service model
Authors: Rebbapragada Anu , Cariazo Lane , Elchuk David , Abdelrahman Hossam , Pham Dang , Joseph Nirochile , Gouzenkova Elena , Gill Harpreet , Blecher Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostic testing. The Cue COVID-19 Point of Care Test (Cue POCT) is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), authorized by Health Canada and FDA as a POCT for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Cue POCT was deployed at a network of clinics in Ontario, Canada with n=13,848 patrons tested between July 17, 2021 to January 31, 2022. The clinical performance and operational experience with Cue POCT was examined for this testing population composed mostly of asymptomatic individuals (93.7%). A head-to-head prospective clinical verification was performed between July 17 to October 4 for all POCT service clients (n= 3037) with paired COVID-19 testing by Cue and RT-PCR. Prospective verification demonstrated a clinical sensitivity of 100% and clinical specificity of 99.4% for Cue COVID-19 POCT. The lack of false negatives and low false positive rate (0.64%), underscores the high accuracy (99.4%) of Cue POCT to provide rapid PCR quality results. Low error rates (cancellation rate of 0% and invalid rate of 0.63%) with the current software version were additionally noted. Together these findings highlight the value of accurate molecular COVID-19 POCT in a distributed service delivery model to rapidly detect cases in the community with the potential to curb transmission in high exposure settings (i.e. in-flight, congregate workplace and social events). The insights gleaned from this operational implementation are readily transferable to future POCT diagnostic services.
Use of patient centred outcomes measures alongside the personal wheelchair budget process in NHS England: a mixed methods approach to exploring the staff and service user experience of using the WATCh and WATCh-Ad Tools
Authors: Tuersley Lorna , Quaye Naa Amua , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Bray Nathan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackground and ObjectivePersonal wheelchair budgets (PWBs) are offered to everyone in England eligible for an NHS wheelchair, to support their choice of equipment. The WATCh (Wheelchair outcomes Assessment Tool for Children) and related WATCh-Ad tool for adults are patient centred outcomes measures (PCOMs) developed to help individual users express their main outcome needs when obtaining a wheelchair and rate their satisfaction with subsequent outcomes after receiving their equipment. We explored their use in a real-world setting, aiming to produce guidance for use alongside the PWB process.MethodsThree wheelchair service provider organisations across four sites participated. Staff and users completed surveys about their experience of the WATCh and/or WATCh-Ad tools used in the assessments. Towards the end of the study, selected patients were interviewed after receipt of their equipment, and staff were interviewed after experiencing a number of assessments. Thematic analysis was undertaken using the tool, survey and interview data.ResultsInformation on 75 assessments by 15 staff was obtained. Over three-quarters of users or their carers rated the use of the tools in the assessment process as ‘helpful’ or ‘very helpful’. Staff reported that use of the WATCh tools had been considered ‘useful’ in developing individual care plans in around 1 in 3 cases and affected the prescription in 1 in 4 cases. Concerns were expressed around the length of time taken to administer the tools in clinic, although some staff noted this reduced with more hands-on experience, and by providing the tools to users in advance of the appointment.ConclusionsThe WATCh and WATCh-Ad PCOM tools are suitable for routine use by wheelchair service providers to assist the assessment process. It is recommended that tool materials are provided in advance to users/carers, and that staff are allowed time to develop their ways of working with them.
Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli carriage in transrectal prostate biopsy patients without infectious complications
Authors: Kalinen Sofia , Kallio Heini , Knaapila Juha , Kallonen Teemu , Munukka Eveliina , Lamminen Tarja , Huovinen Pentti , Boström Peter J. , Hakanen Antti J. , Gunell Marianne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluoroquinolones are a commonly used prophylaxis in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx), even though fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli has been associated with infectious complications after TRUS-Bx. The present study describes fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility among intestinal E. coli, isolated from TRUS-Bx patients in a prospective study showing very few infectious prostate biopsy adverse events. This Multi-IMPROD sub-study included a total of 336 patients who received either ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or fosfomycin as prophylaxis before TRUS-Bx. E. coli could be cultured from 278 fecal swab samples, and 27 (9.7%) of these showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 14 (5.0%) were susceptible with increased exposure (I). Chromosomal and transferable fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms were found among ciprofloxacin non-susceptible isolates, but both qnr genes and single gyrA mutations were found also among the ciprofloxacin-susceptible E. coli population. Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance is commonly associated with ESBL production in Enterobacterales. However, ESBL and qnr genes were not associated in our material, 14 isolates were ESBL producers and only 14.3% of them had the qnr gene, although 85.7% of the ESBL producers were ciprofloxacin non-susceptible. In the Multi-IMPROD substudy, only two mild urinary tract infections were reported, indicating that the antimicrobial susceptibility or resistance pattern of E. coli does not correlate with the onset of post-biopsy adverse events. We conclude that in our clinical settings, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin prophylaxis is effective, and no severe post-biopsy infections were detected despite the intestinal colonization of genotypically and phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli.
Association between inflammation and cognition: triangulation of evidence using a population-based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Slaney Chloe , Sallis Hannah M. , Jones Hannah J. , Dardani Christina ,   CHARGE Inflammation Working Group, Tilling Kate , Munafò Marcus R. , Smith George Davey , Mahedy Liam , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is evidence for an association of inflammation with cognitive functioning and dementia in older adults, but the association with cognitive functioning in youth and whether this is causal remains unclear.MethodsIn a population-based cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC), we investigated cross-sectional associations of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and Glycoprotein acetyls [GlycA]) with measures of cold (working memory, response inhibition) and hot (emotion recognition) cognition at age 24 (N=3,305 in multiple imputation models). Furthermore, we conducted one-sample and two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine potential causal effects of genetically-proxied inflammatory markers (CRP, GlycA, Interleukin-6, soluble Interleukin-6 receptor) on cognitive measures (above) and general cognitive ability.ResultsIn the ALSPAC cohort, there was limited evidence of an association between inflammatory markers and cognitive measures at age 24 after adjusting for potential confounders (N=3,305; beta range, -0.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.06 to 0.02, p=.29] to 0.02 [95% CI -0.02 to 0.05, p=.38]). Similarly, primary MR analyses found limited evidence of potential effects of genetically-proxied inflammatory markers on working memory, emotion recognition or response inhibition in one-sample MR using ALSPAC data (beta range, -0.73 [95% CI -2.47 to 1.01, p=.41] to 0.21 [95% CI -1.42 to 1.84, p=.80]; or on general cognitive ability in two-sample MR using the latest Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets (beta range, -0.02 [95% CI -0.05 to 0.01, p=.12] to 0.03 [95% CI -0.01 to 0.07, p=.19].ConclusionsOur findings do not provide strong evidence of a potential causal effect of inflammatory markers (CRP, Interleukin-6, GlycA) on the cognitive functions examined here. Given the large confidence intervals in the one-sample MR, larger GWAS of specific cognitive measures are needed to enable well-powered MR analyses to investigate whether inflammation causally influences hot/cold cognition.
Brain plasticity and auditory spatial adaptation in patients with unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Alzaher Mariam , Strelnikov Kuzma , Marx Mathieu , Barone Pascal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnilateral hearing loss (UHL) alters binaural cues affecting speech comprehension and sound localisation. While many patients with UHL perform poorly on binaural tasks, some are able to adapt to monaural deficit. We aimed to identify patients with UHL who use compensatory strategies and to explore the neural correlates of this adaptation using Mismatch Negativity (MMN). We recruited 21 patients with UHL and we separated them into three groups using cluster analysis based on measures of binaural processing. The resulting groups were referred to as the better, moderate and poorer performers clusters (BPC, MPC and PPC). We measured the MMN elicited by deviant sounds located 10°, 20° or 100° away from a standard sound. We found that the BPC group had a significant MMN for all three deviant sounds, as in a group of normal-hearing controls. In contrast, the PPC group and normal-hearing controls with an earplug did not have a significant MMN for the 10° and 20° deviations. For the 100° deviation, the scalp distribution was found to be maximal over central regions in the BPC group, while the PPC group showed a more frontal distribution. Differences were also found for the N100 evoked by standard sounds, with the BPC group showing a contralateral pattern of activation, as in the controls, and the PPC group showing more symmetrical hemispheric activation. These results indicate that patients with UHL can develop adaptive strategies that are reflected by sound processing differences at the cortical level.