bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Profitability, Capital Intensity And Leverage On Tax Avoidance Activities On The Pharmaceutical Sub Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed On Idx During The 2016-2020 Period
Authors: Ramadhani Amelia 
Published: August 2022

Abstak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, capital intensity dan leverage, terhadap penghindaran pajak. Pengukuran penghindaran pajak dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Effective Tax Rate (ETR). Penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016-2020. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak tujuh perusahaan yang diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas dan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak. Untuk capital intensity hasil analisis menunjukan pengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak. Semakin tinggi capital intensity maka penghindaran pajak semakin tinggi.

Kata kunci: penghindaran pajak, profitabilitas, leverage, capital intensity

Abstract - This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, capital intensity and leverage on tax avoidance. The measurement of tax avoidance in this study uses the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). This study uses pharmaceutical sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. The number of research samples as many as seven companies obtained by purposive sampling method. The analytical technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis of panel data. The results of the analysis show that profitability and leverage have no effect on tax avoidance. For the results of the analysis of capital intensity shows the effect on tax avoidance. The higher the capital intensity, the higher the tax avoidance..

Keyword: tax avoidance, profitability, leverage, capital intensity
PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI, MOTIVASI, DAN LOKASI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN USAHA PADA USAHA FOTOCOPY DI KECAMATAN BANJARMASIN UTARA, BANJARMASIN
Authors: Aprilianti Laela , Abidin M. Zainal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract : In this study, business success is the achievement of photocopy entrepreneurs in running their business to achieve the desired goals. This study aims to find out how much influence self-efficacy, motivation, and location have on business success in photocopying businesses in North Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin. The population in this study was 42 photocopy entrepreneurs. The determination of the sample used the census method, with a total of 42 respondents and analyzed using the technique of multiple linear regression analysis.
The results of this study stated that there was a positive and significant influence on self-efficacy, motivation, and location on the success of the photocopy business in North Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin.

Keywords : Business Success, Motivation, Self Efficacy, Location

Abstrak : Pada penelitian ini, keberhasilan usaha adalah pencapaian wirausaha fotocopy dalam menjalankan usahanya untuk meraih tujuan yang telah diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Motivasi, dan Lokasi terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha pada Usaha Fotocopy di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara, Banjarmasin. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 42 wirausaha fotocopy. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh, dengan jumlah sampel adalah 42 responden dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda.
Hasil dari penelitian ini, menyatakan ada pengaruh efikasi diri, motivasi, dan lokasi secara positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan usaha fotocopy di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara, Banjarmasin.
Kata Kunci: Keberhasilan Usaha, Motivasi, Efikasi Diri, Lokasi
Chemotherapeutic resistant cholangiocarcinoma displayed distinct intratumoral microbial composition and metabolic profiles
Authors: Sitthirak Sirinya , Suksawat Manida , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Klanrit Poramate , Namwat Nisana , Khuntikeo Narong , Titapun Attapol , Jarearnrat Apiwat , Sangkhamanon Sakkarn , Loilome Watcharin 
Published: August 2022

Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the cholangiocytes. One of the major issues regarding treatment for CCA patients is the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. Recently, the association of intratumoral bacteria with chemotherapeutic response has been reported in many cancer types.

Method
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between the intratumoral microbiome and its function on gemcitabine and cisplatin response in CCA tissues using 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis.

Result
The results of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that Gammaproteobacteria were significantly higher in both gemcitabine- and cisplatin-resistance groups compared to sensitive groups. In addition, intratumoral microbial diversity and abundance were significantly different compared between gemcitabine-resistant and sensitive groups. Furthermore, the metabolic phenotype of the low dose gemcitabine-resistant group significantly differed from that of low dose gemcitabine-sensitive group. Increased levels of acetylcholine, adenine, carnitine and inosine were observed in the low dose gemcitabine-resistant group, while the levels of acetylcholine, alpha-D-glucose and carnitine increased in the low dose cisplatin-resistant group. We further performed the intergrative microbiome-metabolome analysis and revealed a correlation between the intratumoral bacterial and metabolic profiles which reflect the chemotherapeutics resistance pattern in CCA patients.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated insights into the disruption of the microbiome and metabolome in the progression of chemotherapeutic resistance. The altered microbiome-metabolome fingerprints could be used as predictive markers for drug responses potentially resulting in the development of an appropriate chemotherapeutic drug treatment plan for individual CCA patients.
Surdas: Sur’s Ocean, Poems from the Early Tradition; and Into Sūr’s Ocean: Poetry, Context, and Commentary
Authors: Lutgendorf Philip 
Published: August 2022

Surdas: Sur’s Ocean, Poems from the Early Tradition. Edited by Kenneth E. Bryant; translated by John Stratton Hawley. Murty Classical Library of India, vol. 5; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. xlviii + 1010. $35.
Into Sūr’s Ocean: Poetry, Context, and Commentary. Translated with commentary by John Stratton Hawley. Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 83; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. xvii + 1029. $95.
Genealogy of Devotion: Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga, and Sufism in North India. By Patton E. Burchett
Authors: Pauwels Heidi 
Published: August 2022

A Genealogy of Devotion: Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga, and Sufism in North India. By Patton E. Burchett.
New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. Pp. viii + 433, 2 plates. $70.
Coat Protein Characterization of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus Infecting Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Valli Nimmala Sree , Karthikeyan G. , Harish S. , Sudha M. , Sharmila D. Jeya Sundara 
Published: August 2022

The Yellow Mosaic Disease is the main constraint for decreased yield in blackgram production. Coat protein gene of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) has been characterized and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The genomic DNA from diseased plants was collected and it was tested for it’s quality and quantity using a Nanodrop. The isolated DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using begomovirus universal primers for preliminary confirmation of the virus. The samples amplified for universal primers were subjected for gene specific amplification using DNA A primers. The DNA A primers resulted in the amplification of the expected size of 1000 bp amplicon. The DNA fragments were sequenced and the sequence results of DNA A were compared with other sequences available in NCBI and it showed higher similarity with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus banglore coat protein gene (accession no: MK409376). The sequence was submitted in NCBI database and accession numbers were obtained. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using mega 11 software by comparing the selected strains with our isolate.
Graded Readers as an Effective Strategy in Elementary ESL Teaching in China
Authors: Feng Liqun , Dong Hongyang , Cao Jingzhao , Fu Xiaoqian 
Published: August 2022

The current mode of teaching English in primary and secondary schools in China mainly revolves around reciting words and studying grammar, which are not only less efficient, but also very uninteresting to the students. This paper, by referring to the Input Hypothesis proposed by Stephen D. Krashen and some previous studies, discovers that introducing graded readers to elementary ESL classrooms in China can effectively build up the students’ language competence and spark their interest in learning this second language, which will be very beneficial to their future study.
Multi Drug Resistance and Multi Antibiotics Resistance Index of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Hospitals in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Duruike Patience Nkiru , Affia Aniekan , Nyenke Clement Ugochukwu , Konne Felix Eedee 
Published: August 2022

Acinetobacter species are aerobic gram-negative bacilli that can cause healthcare-associated infections and can survive for prolonged periods in the environment. Also on the hands of healthcare workers, infection due to Acinetobacter species is a major challenge within the health care facilities and the community in general due to their high drug resistance. The study was aimed at detecting multi drug resistance and multi antibiotics resistance index (MARI) of acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitals in Port Harcourt meteropolis in Rivers State, Nigeria. The cross sectional study sampled randomly; as urine and wound swab samples were collected from patients. Acinetobacter spp was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of A. baumannii isolates were done using Phynotypic methods such as culture on Lead Acinetobacter medium and conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method under Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2013) guide Suspect Acinetobacter species were further identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequence typing methods. The results of confirmatory sequence typing of isolates showed that 9 of suspect Acinetobacter spp were A. baumannii. The results of this finding showed presence of A. baumannii species resistant to conventional antibiotics. All isolates demonstrated.MDR and XDR. MARI was high. (>0.2) indicating MDR and high risk. This study established high rate of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. There is need for improved sanitary working condition and proper patients’ management to reduce the spread of this health care associated infection as well as a Search for new therapeutic alternative and policies to control the use of antibiotics.
Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Sharma Prateek 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceBarrett esophagus is characterized by the replacement of normal esophageal squamous cell epithelium with columnar metaplasia and affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide. Approximately 3% to 5% of patients with Barrett esophagus will be diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma in their lifetime.ObservationsBarrett esophagus affects approximately 2.3% to 8.3% of people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and approximately 1.2% to 5.6% of people without GERD. Characteristics associated with Barrett esophagus include older age (prevalence of approximately 1.1% in individuals older than 50 years compared with 0.3% in those 50 years or younger), male sex, and smoking (prevalence of approximately 12% in people who smoke cigarettes compared with 1.1% in those who do not smoke cigarettes). The histopathology of Barrett esophagus progresses from metaplasia to dysplasia and, without treatment, can progress to adenocarcinoma. People with Barrett esophagus have approximately a 0.2% to 0.5% annual rate of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Management of Barrett esophagus primarily consists of acid-suppressive medications to reduce underlying GERD symptoms and surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years. In patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia or early cancer, endoscopic therapy consisting of resection and ablation successfully treats 80% to 90% of patients.Conclusions and RelevanceBarrett esophagus affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. First-line therapy for Barrett esophagus consists of proton-pump inhibitors for control of reflux symptoms, but their role in chemoprevention is unclear. Surveillance with upper endoscopy is recommended by practice guidelines to monitor for progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma, but randomized clinical trials are lacking.
Funding Sources of Therapeutic and Vaccine Clinical Trials for COVID-19 vs Non–COVID-19 Indications, 2020-2021
Authors: Angelis Aris , Suarez Alonso Carlos , Kyriopoulos Ilias , Mossialos Elias 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceEffective COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics reached the market within the first year of the pandemic. This rate of development and availability was an unprecedented achievement that required attention to numerous research and development, regulatory, and policy challenges. However, only limited evidence is currently available on the sources of funding for COVID-19 clinical trials.ObjectiveTo compare the number and funding sources of clinical trials aimed at investigating therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19 vs those for all non–COVID-19 indications.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, clinical trials in phase 1 to 3 that were registered to start between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021, were examined. All relevant data were collected from ClinicalTrials.gov.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of clinical trials and their funding sources.ResultsA total of 1977 clinical trials that addressed COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines were registered worldwide with starting dates from January 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021. This cohort represented 13.9% of all trials (N = 14 274) during the same period. Most of the COVID-19 therapeutic and vaccine clinical trials were funded by public sources (1144 [57.9%]), followed by industry (540 [27.3%]) and public-private partnerships (293 [14.8%]). Most of these studies focused on the development of anti–COVID-19 therapeutics (1680 [85.0%]) rather than vaccines (297 [15.0%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that publicly funded research and medical institutions played a leading role as funding sources for generating effective COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines during the first 1.5 years of the pandemic and were most likely instrumental in their rapid development. It may be beneficial for the public sector to maintain the affordability and global access to these therapeutics and vaccines to ensure that they remain available for use worldwide.
Regulation of Quantum Wells Width Distribution in 2D Perovskite Films for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Peng Sihui , Ma Junjie , Li Pengwei , Zang Shuangquan , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed 2D perovskite films generally contain mixed quantum wells (QWs) with multiple well width distribution, which seriously weakens the charge transfer. To achieve regulation of the QW width, strategies to optimize the crystallization dynamics of 2D perovskite films are urgently needed. In this review, systematic summary on QW distribution and guidelines for 2D perovskite phase regulation is provided, aiming to establish a general manual for preparing efficient 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The factors affecting the distribution of multiple‐QWs in 2D perovskite films, including component engineering, additive engineering, process optimization, are first generalized. Then an extensive review of these factors that are widely used to reconstruct 2D perovskite crystallization process is conducted. Leveraging these insights, the effect of QWs distributions on 2D PSCs properties is also summarized. Similarly, considering the crystallization kinetics and device performance, the QWs width control of 2D perovskite films from the aspects of ligand engineering, precursor design, and fabrication optimization, is rationalized. Finally, an outlook on how to realize ordered QWs distribution in perovskite films for efficient 2D PSCs is proposed.
3‐Arylidene‐4‐Chromanones and 3‐Arylidene‐4‐Thiochromanones: Versatile Synthons towards the Synthesis of Complex Heterocycles
Authors: Begum Ayisha F. , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K. , Shanmugasundaram Bhagavathy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds are well‐known for their use in the synthesis of drugs and drug intermediates. This review provides a systematic survey on the chemical synthesis of complex heterocyclic compounds containing multi‐stereocentres using 3‐arylidene‐4‐chromanones in the last two decades. Regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of complex heterocycles involving 3‐arylidene‐chromanones and 3‐arylidene‐thiochormanones are dealt under various reaction headings such as epoxidation, Michael addition, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition, Diels‐Alder reaction, sulfa‐Michael/aldol cascade reactions, asymmetric synthesis employing bifunctional catalysts, chiral phase‐transfer catalysts, chiral squaramide catalysts, etc. These synthetic highlights demonstrate the utility of 3‐arylidene‐4‐chromanones and 3‐arylidene‐thiochormanones as versatile synthons for rapid assemblage of complex condensed heterocyles and spiro‐fused heterocycles towards the development of pharmaceutically active compounds. A brief highlight on the synthetic methods of 3‐arylidene‐4‐chromanone derivatives is also dealt. This review creates a platform for further improvement on the skeletal design of potential drug candidates.
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Cascade Reactions by a Cobalt‐Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Synergistic Nanocatalytic Chemotherapy
Authors: Cai Shuangfei , Liu Jiaming , Ding Jianwei , Fu Zhao , Li Haolin , Xiong Youlin , Lian Zheng , Yang Rong , Chen Chunying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanocatalytic therapy, involving the nanozyme‐triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), has demonstrated potential in tumor therapy, but nanozymes still face challenges of activity and specificity that compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report a strategy based on a single‐atom nanozyme to initiate cascade enzymatic reactions in the TME for tumor‐specific treatment. The cobalt‐single‐atom nanozyme, with Co−N coordination on N‐doped porous carbon (Co‐SAs@NC), displays catalase‐like activity that decomposes cellular endogenous H2O2 to produce O2, and subsequent oxidase‐like activity that converts O2 into cytotoxic superoxide radicals to efficiently kill tumor cells. By incorporation with doxorubicin, the therapy achieves a significantly enhanced antitumor effect in vivo. Our findings show that cascade TME‐specific catalytic therapy combined with chemotherapy is a promising strategy for efficient tumor therapy.
Non‐Fluorinated and Robust Superhydrophobic Modification on Covalent Organic Framework for Crude‐Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Ruidas Santu , Das Avijit , Kumar Saurav , Dalapati Sasanka , Manna Uttam , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) having high specific surface area, tunable pore size and high crystallinity are mostly post modified following fluorine‐based and complex synthetic approaches to achieve a bio‐inspired liquid wettability, i.e. superhydrophobicity. Herein, a facile, non‐fluorinated and robust chemical approach is introduced for tailoring the water wettability of a new COF—which was prepared through Schiff‐base condensation reaction. A silane precursor was readily reacted with selected alkyl acrylates through 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction, prior to grafting on the prepared C4‐COF for tailoring different water wettability—including robust superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic C4‐COF (SH‐C4‐COF) that displayed significantly enhanced (>5 times; from 220 wt. % to 1156 wt. %) oil‐absorption capacity, was extended to address the relevant challenges of “oil‐in‐water” emulsion separation, rapidly (<1 minute) and repetitively (50 times) at diverse and harsh conditions.
Visible‐Light‐Responsive Self‐Assembled Complexes: Improved Photoswitching Properties by Metal Ion Coordination**
Authors: DiNardi Ray G. , Douglas Anna O. , Tian Ruoming , Price Jason R. , Tajik Mohammad , Donald William A. , Beves Jonathon E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA photoswitchable ligand based on azobenzene is self‐assembled with palladium(II) ions to form a [Pd2(E‐L)4]4+ cage. Irradiation with 470 nm light results in the near‐quantitative switching to a monomeric species [Pd(Z‐L)2]2+, which can be reversed by irradiation with 405 nm light, or heat. The photoswitching selectivity towards the metastable isomer is significantly improved upon self‐assembly, and the thermal half‐life is extended from 40 days to 850 days, a promising approach for tuning photoswitching properties.
Construction of Perylene‐based Amphiphilic Micelle and Its Efficient Adsorption and In Situ Photodegradation of Bisphenol A in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Guan , Li Hua , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , He Jinghui , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow mass‐transfer efficiency and reaction‐driving force make it difficult to realize thorough purification in traditional low‐concentration pollutant treatments. Herein, we propose an “adsorption/catalysis in situ” perylene based bifunctional micelle for efficient, accurate and rapid adsorption and catalytic degradation of low‐concentration bisphenol A (BPA). They show super‐fast (within 10 s), high capacity (448 mg g−1) and selectivity for BPA adsorption, due to π–π, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The BPA degradation efficiency improves by up to 8 times after forming micelles compared with simple perylene nanorods, which is primarily due to the superior mass‐transfer from adsorption. Moreover, self‐assembly can optimize the stacking of the perylene moieties and facilitate charge transfer in micelle, and the regular π–π stacking of inside perylene units enhances the response to visible light, resulting in high catalytic capacity and good cycling stability.
Synthesis, anticholinesterase activity, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation studies of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Durmaz Şeyma , Evren Asaf E. , Sağlık Begüm N. , Yurttaş Leyla , Tay Naime F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo new series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles bearing pyridine and thiazole heterocycles (4a‐h and 5a‐h) were synthesized (2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles). The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, high‐resolution mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic methods. All these compounds were evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory activities against two cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). From the studies, we identified compounds 4a, 4h, 5a, 5d, and 5e as selective AChE inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 0.023 to 0.037 μM. Furthermore, docking studies of these compounds were performed at the active sites of their target enzymes. The molecular docking study showed that 5e possessed an ideal docking pose with interactions inside AChE.