bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic contribution to glyphosate toxicity profile and the remedial effects of Momordica charantia
Authors: Yalçin Emine , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the glyphosate toxicity and the toxicity-reducing role of bitter melon extract (Bmex) (Momordica charantiaL.) were investigated inAllium cepaL. test material. The toxicity of glyphosate and protective role of Bmex were investigated with the help of physiological (germination, root elongation and weight gain), cytogenetic (mitotic index-MI, micronucleus-MN and chromosomal abnormalities-CAs), biochemical (malondialdehyde-MDA, superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT) and anatomical (root meristem cell damage) parameters. The genotoxicity mechanism of glyphosate was elucidated by spectral analysis.A. cepabulbs were divided into six groups as one control and five applications. Tap water was applied to the bulbs in the control group for 72 h. Glyphosate (500 mg/L) and two different doses of Bmex (350 and 700 mg/L) were applied to the bulbs in the treatment group for 72 h. At the end of the period, the germinated bulbs were prepared for experimental analyses, measurements and observations by applying routine preparation procedures. As a result, glyphosate administration caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in all selected physiological parameter values, and significant (p < 0.05) increases in the number of cytogenetic parameters (except MI), the levels of biochemical parameters and the severity of anatomical damage. Glyphosate promoted CAs such as fragment, sticky chromosome, bridge and unequal distribution of chromatin in root tip meristem cells. By spectral analysis, it was determined that glyphosate interacts directly with DNA and causes genotoxicity. It also caused anatomical damages such as epidermis cell damage, cortex cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, binuclear cell and irregular vascular tissue in root tip meristem cells. Co-administration of glyphosate with Bmex at two different doses (350 and 700 mg/L) reduced the toxicity of glyphosate and led to significant (p < 0.05) improvements in the values of all parameters examined. It was determined that this improvement was even more pronounced at 700 mg/L dose of Bmex. As a result, it was determined that glyphosate herbicide caused multi-dimensional toxicity inA. cepatest material, and Bmex reduced the effects of this toxicity due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, glyphosate dose ranges need to be reconsidered, especially considering non-target organisms in agricultural applications. In addition, antioxidant products such as Bmex should be included in the daily diet in order to reduce the toxic effects of environmental agents such as pesticides.
Surface characterization of an ultra-soft contact lens material using an atomic force microscopy nanoindentation method
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Shi Xinfeng , Yao George , Pharr George M. , Wu James Yuliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs new ultra-soft materials are being developed for medical devices and biomedical applications, the comprehensive characterization of their physical and mechanical properties is both critical and challenging. To characterize the very low surface modulus of the novel biomimetic lehfilcon A silicone hydrogel contact lens coated with a layer of a branched polymer brush structure, an improved atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation method has been applied. This technique allows for precise contact-point determination without the effects of viscous squeeze-out upon approaching the branched polymer. Additionally, it allows individual brush elements to be mechanically characterized in the absence of poroelastic effects. This was accomplished by selecting an AFM probe with a design (tip size, geometry, and spring constant) that was especially suited to measuring the properties of soft materials and biological samples. The enhanced sensitivity and accuracy of this method allows for the precise measurement of the very soft lehfilcon A material, which has an extremely low elastic modulus in the surface region (as low as 2 kPa) and extremely high elasticity (nearly 100%) in an aqueous environment. The surface-characterization results not only reveal the ultra-soft nature of the lehfilcon A lens surface but also demonstrate that the elastic modulus exhibits a 30 kPa/200 nm gradient with depth due to the disparity between the modulus of the branched polymer brushes and the SiHy substrate. This surface-characterization methodology may be applied to other ultra-soft materials and medical devices.
Chronic low back pain and its impact on physical function, mental health, and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Singapore
Authors: Ge Lixia , Pereira Michelle Jessica , Yap Chun Wei , Heng Bee Hoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic low back pain, defined as low back pain lasting more than 3 months, is a globally prevalent health problem with significantly high medical and economic burden on individuals and the society. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic low back pain and examine its association with health outcomes including physical function, mental health, and quality of life among adult population in Singapore. Cross-sectional secondary data analysis was performed using baseline data of the 1941 adults (mean age: 52.6 years, range: 21–97 years) from a representative population health survey conducted in the Central region of Singapore. Those with self-reported chronic low back pain in past six months were identified. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and EQ-5D-5L were used to measure physical function and limitation, mental health, and health-related quality of life, respectively. Generalized Linear Regressions were used to examine the association of chronic low back pain with physical function, limitation, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life. There were 8.1% (n = 180) participants reporting having chronic low back pain in past six months, among whom 80.5% sought treatments at either primary care, specialist outpatient, or Traditional Chinese Medicine clinics. Individuals with chronic low back pain reported poorer physical function, more limitations in performing major life tasks and social activities, more depressive symptoms, and lower health-related quality of life (all p < 0.01), even after adjusting for socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, and number of morbidities. The prevalence of chronic low back pain was 8.1% among the study population. Chronic low back pain was associated with poorer physical function, more limitations and depressive symptoms, and lower health-related quality of life. The findings highlight the significant impact of chronic low back pain on physical function and limitation, mental health, and health-related quality of life in a general population. Increased awareness on prevention, early and proper management of low back pain, and rehabilitation policies are required to better tackle the burden of low back pain at the population level.
Brain sex-dependent alterations after prolonged high fat diet exposure in mice
Authors: Murtaj Valentina , Penati Silvia , Belloli Sara , Foti Maria , Coliva Angela , Papagna Angela , Gotti Cecilia , Toninelli Elisa , Chiaffarelli Remy , Mantero Stefano , Pucci Susanna , Matteoli Michela , Malosio Maria Luisa , Moresco Rosa Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examined effects of exposing female and male mice for 33 weeks to 45% or 60% high fat diet (HFD). Males fed with either diet were more vulnerable than females, displaying higher and faster increase in body weight and more elevated cholesterol and liver enzymes levels. Higher glucose metabolism was revealed by PET in the olfactory bulbs of both sexes. However, males also displayed altered anterior cortex and cerebellum metabolism, accompanied by a more prominent brain inflammation relative to females. Although both sexes displayed reduced transcripts of neuronal and synaptic genes in anterior cortex, only males had decreased protein levels of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Oppositely, to anterior cortex, cerebellum of HFD-exposed mice displayed hypometabolism and transcriptional up-regulation of neuronal and synaptic genes. These results indicate that male brain is more susceptible to metabolic changes induced by HFD and that the anterior cortex versus cerebellum display inverse susceptibility to HFD.
Single-domain stripe order in a high-temperature superconductor
Authors: Simutis Gediminas , Küspert Julia , Wang Qisi , Choi Jaewon , Bucher Damian , Boehm Martin , Bourdarot Frédéric , Bertelsen Mads , Wang Chennan N , Kurosawa Tohru , Momono Naoki , Oda Migaku , Månsson Martin , Sassa Yasmine , Janoschek Marc , Christensen Niels B. , Chang Johan , Mazzone Daniel G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coupling of spin, charge and lattice degrees of freedom results in the emergence of novel states of matter across many classes of strongly correlated electron materials. A model example is unconventional superconductivity, which is widely believed to arise from the coupling of electrons via spin excitations. In cuprate high-temperature superconductors, the interplay of charge and spin degrees of freedom is also reflected in a zoo of charge and spin-density wave orders that are intertwined with superconductivity. A key question is whether the different types of density waves merely coexist or are indeed directly coupled. Here we profit from a neutron scattering technique with superior beam-focusing that allows us to probe the subtle spin-density wave order in the prototypical high-temperature superconductor La$${}_{1.88}$$

1.88

Sr$${}_{0.12}$$

0.12

CuO$${}_{4}$$

4

under applied uniaxial pressure to demonstrate that the two density waves respond to the external tuning parameter in the same manner. Our result shows that suitable models for high-temperature superconductivity must equally account for charge and spin degrees of freedom via uniaxial charge-spin stripe fluctuations.
Self-replicating hierarchical modular robotic swarms
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Amira , Cameron Christopher , Jenett Benjamin , Smith Miana , Gershenfeld Neil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModular robotic systems built of reconfigurable components offer an efficient and versatile alternative to traditional monolithic robots. However, as modular systems scale up, construction efficiency is compromised due to an increase in travel time and path planning complexity. Here we introduce a discrete modular material-robot system that is capable of serial, recursive (making more robots), and hierarchical (making larger robots) assembly. This is accomplished by discretizing the construction into a feedstock of simple primitive building blocks which can be re-configured to create a wide range of functionality. The discretization significantly simplifies the swarm’s navigation, error correction, and coordination. The component composition is supported by an algorithm to compile the building blocks into swarms and plan the optimal construction path. Our approach challenges the convention that larger constructions need larger machines to build them, and could be applied in areas that today either require substantial capital investments for fixed infrastructure or are altogether unfeasible.
Poly(oxanorbornene)s bearing triphenylphosphonium and PEGylated zinc(ii) phthalocyanine with boosted photobiological activity and singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Ahmetali Erem , Galstyan Anzhela , Süer N. Ceren , Eren Tarik , Şener M. Kasım 
Published: November 2022

Poly(oxanorbornene)s bearing TPP and PEGylated ZnPc with varying compositions have been synthesized. Thus, highest reported singlet oxygen generation for a Pc derivative in water (ΦΔ = 0.93) and excellent biological activity have been accomplished.
Probabilistic multi‐objective optimization method for interline power flow controller (IPFC) allocation in power systems
Authors: Rezaeian‐Marjani Saeed , Ebrahimi Hasan , Tousi Behrouz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interconnections of power systems are extended to improve operating conditions and increase their adequacy and security. Furthermore, with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines (WTs), probabilistic assessment of these systems' performance is very important, especially in risk management, bidding strategies, and operational decisions. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is one of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, which can increase power transfer capability and maximize the use of the existing transmission network. In the structure of the IPFC, there are two converters whose settings should be determined optimally to get the maximum benefit from it. This paper introduces a probabilistic multi‐objective optimization method for the allocation of the IPFC to reduce the active power losses and improve the power flow index (PFI) of the lines with considering the IPFC cost using the multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The uncertainties are taken to account in loads and wind speed of WTs. Also, the k‐means‐based data clustering method (DCM) is used for the probabilistic assessment of this problem for the first time, and its performance is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The efficiency of the proposed approach is investigated on the IEEE 30‐bus test system.
Capacity evaluation of central air conditioning load participating in peak shaving of renewable dominated power systems
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yu Jilai , Tang Yi , Ye Yujian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of renewable‐dominated power systems (RDPS) in the context of pursuing deep decarbonisation targets necessitates suitable exploitation of the peak shaving capacity (PSC) of central air conditioning loads (CACL) in multiple time scales. Based on the evaluation framework of CACL participating in the RDPS PSC and the CAC apparent temperature model and its operation mode, the CACL PSC evaluation model related to the resource allocation in multiple time scales is proposed. For the time scale of online dispatching, the capacity evaluation model for rapid CACL response to power system emergency peak shaving command and its continuous response potential is constructed. The method of optimising CACL PSC based on the load aggregator model is developed. For the intraday pre‐scheduling time scale, the evaluation model of CACL's remaining capacity after undertaking the peak shaving task and the ability to respond continuously to the peak shaving command is constructed. For the day‐ahead dispatching time scale, the PSC of CACL under different weather conditions, temperatures, holidays, and other typical scenarios is evaluated. Finally, case studies carried out on 14 central air‐conditioned buildings in Shanghai city comprehensively validate the effectiveness of the proposed CACL PSC evaluation model.
A comprehensive review of control techniques for compensating the fault current in resonant grounded distribution networks: From the perspective of mitigating powerline bushfires
Authors: Fernando Warnakulasuriya Sonal Prashenajith , Mahmud Md Apel , Islam Shama Naz , Barik Md Abdul , Hosseinzadeh Nasser 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPowerline faults are responsible for major bushfires around the world where arcs provoked from ground faults are common causes for igniting such fires. The grounding techniques (mainly resonant grounding) used in distribution substations and arc suppression devices play a crucial role for compensating fault currents in order to extinguish arcs so that the likelihoods of powerline bushfires are significantly reduced. Though passive arc suppression devices (e.g. Petersen coils) are extensively used for compensating the reactive component of the fault current, the active component of this current is still large enough to ignite the fire in bushfire prone areas for which active arc suppression devices are recently used. These active arc suppression devices incorporate residual current compensation inverters and the full compensation of the fault current rely on the control scheme of these inverters. This paper comprehensively reviews different control schemes that are used for compensating the fault current in resonant grounded power distribution systems. The existing control schemes are discussed in terms of the model used during the controller design process, loop structures, control block diagrams, and performance analysis frameworks (i.e. the type of fault impedances). It is worth mentioning that faults on resonant grounded power distribution networks exhibit the characteristics of high impedance faults and it important to consider this aspect for performance analysis of the control scheme. This paper also covers a brief overview of different grounding techniques used for mitigating fault currents and finally, the challenges with the existing controllers are identified in terms of extinguishing powerline bushfires. The comprehensive review motivates and guides future research activities on developing more efficient fault compensation techniques.
Hamate classification method based on feature‐enhanced residual network and probabilistic joint judgment
Authors: Ding Wei‐long , Zong Ze‐yong , Ding Xiao , Mao Ke‐ji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurate analysis of the maturity grade of the reference bone in the wrist is critical for bone age assessment. The main difference between the maturity grades of the reference bone in the wrist X‐ray image is the difference in the texture and morphological characteristics of the bone, and the difference in the characteristics between adjacent levels is small, which brings great challenges in bone age assessment. The hamate (the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers) is one of the most important reference bones in the standards of skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist for the Chinese (CHN) method. Aiming at the problem of hamate maturity level evaluation, a method of hamate maturity level classification based on feature enhanced residual network and probability joint judgment is proposed. In this method, we propose the enhanced characteristic residual network (ECR‐Net) is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network and improve the loss function to reduce the impact of cross‐grade errors on the accuracy of bone age assessment. On this basis, multiple convolutional neural networks to make joint probabilistic judgments are relied on to obtain the final hamate maturity grade. The proposed ECR‐Net achieves a macro accuracy of 96.92% on the hamate maturity evaluation, and there are no errors across two levels. Also, this approach achieves a macro accuracy of 97.15% when the probabilistic joint judgment method is employed while avoiding errors that span more than two levels. The network model and method proposed in this paper have good accuracy and practicability for the automatic identification of the hamate maturity level, which is of great significance for the accurate assessment of bone age.
A novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode observer combining I‐F method for wide‐speed sensorless control of PMSM drives
Authors: Liu Ling , Jin Dongsong , Si Jiewen , Liang Deliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on the consideration of optimizing speed piecewise and transitioning smoothly, a hybrid position sensorless control strategy integrating with a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode observer (NFTSMO) and the current‐frequency (I‐F) control method for surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed in this paper. In zero‐low speed regions, the I‐F control method is employed for starting steadily and possessing the ability of anti‐interference. In middle‐high speed regions, an improved sliding mode observer (SMO) based on a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface is designed for the closed‐loop sensorless operation. Making use of the novel sliding surface, not only the estimated errors of rotor position caused by the conventional sliding surface can be eliminated effectively with a faster rate of convergence to improve the stability of system, but also the chattering of the estimated back EMF can be restrained by the sigmoid function. Meanwhile, the phase‐locked loop is utilized to lessen the burden of calculation and phase delay. Furthermore, a transition function is designed so as to fulfill the smooth transition between two different control ideologies. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid sensorless control strategy for both dynamic and steady state operations during wide‐speed region is verified by simulation and experimental analyses.
Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor Z. 
Published: November 2022

Context.Recent studies of massive stars using high-precision space photometry have revealed that they commonly exhibit stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability. This has been interpreted as being caused by internal gravity waves excited at the interface of convective and radiative regions within stellar interiors, such as the convective core or sub-surface convection zones, or being caused by dynamic turbulence associated with sub-surface convection zones within the envelopes of main-sequence massive stars.Aims.We aim to compare the properties of SLF variability in massive main-sequence stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission determined by different statistical methods, and confirm the correlation between the morphology of SLF variability and a star’s location in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram. We also aim to quantify the impact of data quality on the inferred SLF morphologies using both fitting methodologies.Methods.From a sample of 30 previously observed and characterised galactic massive stars observed by TESS, we compare the resultant parameters of SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, obtained from fitting the amplitude spectrum of the light curve with those inferred from fitting the covariance structure of the light curve using theCELERITE2 Gaussian process (GP) regression software and a damped simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) kernel.Results.We find a difference in the characteristic frequency obtained from the amplitude spectrum fitting and from fitting the covariance structure of the light curve using a GP regression withCELERITE2 for only a minority of the considered sample. However, the trends among mass, age, and the properties of SLF variability previously reported remain unaffected. We also find that the method of GP regression is more efficient in terms of computation time and, on average, more robust against the quality and noise properties of the input time series data in determining the properties of SLF variability.Conclusions.GP regression is a useful and novel methodology to efficiently characterise SLF variability in massive stars compared to previous techniques used in the literature. We conclude that the correlation between a star’s SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, and its location in the HR diagram is robust for main-sequence massive stars. There also exists a distribution in the stochasticity of SLF variability in massive stars, which indicates that the coherency of SLF variability is also a function of mass and age in massive stars.