bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribed‐time stabilisation control of differential driven automated guided vehicle
Authors: Chen Qiyuan , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe position control problem of differential‐driven automated guided vehicles (AGVs) based on the prescribed‐time control method is studied. First, an innovative orientation error function is proposed by an auxiliary arcsine function about the orientation angle. Thus, the problem of position control of AGV is transformed into the stabilisation control of the kinematic system. Second, by introducing a reserved time parameter and a smooth switching function, a novel time‐varying scaling function is proposed. This novel scaling function avoids the risk of infinite gain in the conventional prescribed‐time control method while ensuring the smoothness of control laws. Then, an improved velocity constraint function is proposed using the Gaussian function. Compared with the existing constraint function, the proposed method not only has more smoothness but also solves the balance point errors caused by the large AGV orientation errors. The presented method ensures that the AGV reaches the target position in a prescribed time. Hence, the upper bound of the AGV system state can be determined by adjusting parameters. Matlab simulation results show that the proposed controller can effectively make the AGV system state satisfy the prescribed bound.
Classification and model reconstruction method of non‐cooperative multifunctional radar waveform unit
Authors: Jiang Neng , Zhang Hongmin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are many variations in the form of multifunctional radar signals. At present, the problem associated with the highest concern in the field of electronic reconnaissance is the inversion of its working mode from the reconnaissance data. A method is proposed for waveform unit classification and model reconstruction using the non‐cooperatively extracted waveform units as input data based on the hierarchical structure of multifunctional radars. The method performs multiparametric matching on waveform units subject to the constraint of the match level to obtain the similarity measure between waveform units; it then recursively expands the waveform unit pairing score matrix to complete the classification of the waveform units. Further, based on similar waveform units, the matching state matrix of the waveform unit model can be reconstructed. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method are verified by setting up typical multitype simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can complete the classification of waveform units in the small‐data content and extensive noise intensity cases and supports the reconstruction of waveform unit models with low errors.
Characterizing the specific energy and pressure in near-Earth magnetic clouds
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debesh , Subramanian Prasad , Vourlidas Angelos , Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa , Thejaswi Niranjana , Sachdeva Nishtha 
Published: November 2022

Context.The pressure and energy density of the gas and magnetic field inside solar coronal mass ejections (in relation to that in the ambient solar wind) is thought to play an important role in determining their dynamics as they propagate through the heliosphere.Aims.We compare the specific energy (erg g−1), comprising kinetic (Hk), thermal (Hth) and magnetic field (Hmag) contributions, inside magnetic clouds (MCs) and the solar wind background. We examine whether the excess thermal+magnetic pressure and specific energy inside MCs (relative to the background) are correlated with their propagation and internal expansion speeds. We consider whether the excess thermal+magnetic specific energy inside MCs might cause them to resemble rigid bodies in the context of aerodynamic drag.Methods.We used near-Earth in situ data from the WIND spacecraft to identify a sample of 152 well-observed interplanetary coronal mass ejections and their MC counterparts. We compared various metrics based on these data to address our questions.Results.We find that the total specific energy (H) inside MCs is approximately equal to that in the background solar wind. We find that the excess (thermal+magnetic) pressure and specific energy are not well correlated with the near-Earth propagation and expansion speeds. We find that the excess thermal+magnetic specific energy is greater or equivalent to the specific kinetic energy of the solar wind incident in 81–89% of the MCs we study. This might explain how MCs retain their structural integrity and resist deformation by the solar wind bulk flow.
Spatially resolved mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar environment of the born-again object FG Sge
Authors: Ohnaka K. , Jara Bravo B. A. 
Published: November 2022

Context. FG Sge has evolved from the hot central star of the young planetary nebula Hen 1–5 to a G–K supergiant in the last 100 yr. It is one of the three born-again objects that have been identified as of yet, and they are considered to have undergone a thermal pulse in the post-asymptotic giant branch evolution.
Aims. We present mid-infrared spectro-interferometric observations of FG Sge and probe its dusty environment.
Methods. FG Sge was observed with MIDI at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer at baselines of 43 and 46 m between 8 and 13 µm.
Results. The circumstellar dust environment of FG Sge was spatially resolved, and the Gaussian fit to the observed visibilities results in a full width at half maximum of ~10.5 mas. The observed mid-infrared visibilities and the spectral energy distribution can be fairly reproduced by optically thick (τV ≈ 8) spherical dust shell models consisting of amorphous carbon with an inner radius rin of ~30 R★ (corresponding to a dust temperature of 1100 ± 100 K). The dust shell is characterized with a steep density profile proportional to r−3.5±0.5 from the inner radius rin to (5–10) × rin, beyond which it changes to r−2. The dust mass is estimated to be ~ 7 × 10−7 M⊙, which translates into an average total mass-loss rate of ~ 9 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1 as of 2008 with a gas-to-dust ratio of 200 being adopted. In addition, the 8–13 µm spectrum obtained with MIDI with a field of view of 200 mas does not show a signature of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, which is in marked contrast to the spectra taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope six and 20 months before the MIDI observations with wide slit widths of 3″.6–10″. This implies that the PAH emission originates from an extended region of the optically thick dust envelope.
Conclusions. The dust envelope of FG Sge is much more compact than that of the other born-again stars’ Sakurai’s object and V605 Aql, which might reflect the difference in the evolutionary status. The PAH emission from the extended region of the optically thick dust envelope likely originates from the material ejected before the central star became H-deficient, and it may be excited by the UV radiation from the central star escaping through gaps among dust clumps and/or the bipolar cavity of a disk-like structure.
Zystoskopien in der urologischen Praxis – was muss ich beachten?
Authors: Schöne Markus , Uhthoff Holger , Schöne Sabrina 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Urethrozystoskopie ist ein wichtiges diagnostisches Werkzeug zur Abklärung des unteren Harntraktes. Die Standardzystoskopie (Weißlicht) wird fortwährend weiterentwickelt, moderne Endoskope und Videosysteme stehen zur Verfügung. Unterstützende Verfahren wie die photodynamische Diagnostik (PDD), narrow band imaging (NBI) oder digitale Kontrastverstärkungen verbessern die Detektionsrate von Blasentumoren. Besondere Bedeutung im Praxisalltag haben eine korrekte Indikationsstellung, die sorgfältige Vorbereitung und Aufklärung der Patienten und eine fachliche Expertise bei der Durchführung der Untersuchung, um Beschwerden und Komplikationen zu minimieren und zielführende Befunde zu erheben. Die Hygieneanforderung an Aufbereitung und Infrastruktur werden derzeit im Vergütungssystem nicht adäquat abgebildet. Technische Bildverarbeitung und Systeme mit künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) haben das Potential den Urologen bereits während der Untersuchung zu unterstützen.
Berberine Regulates GPX4 to Inhibit Ferroptosis of Islet β Cells
Authors: Bao Lei , Jin Yixuan , Han Jiani , Wang Wanqiu , Qian Lingling , Wu Weiming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, as a kind of non-apoptotic cell death, is involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Islet B cells mainly produce insulin that is used to treat diabetes. Berberine (BBR) can ameliorate type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in many ways. However, a few clues concerning the mechanism of BBR regulating ferroptosis of islet β cells in T1DM have been detected so far. We measured the effects of BBR and GPX4 on islet β cell viability and proliferation by MTT and colony formation assays. Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to examine GPX4 expression in islet β cells with distinct treatments. The influence of BBR and GPX4 on ferroptosis of islet β cells was investigated by evaluating the content of Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. The mechanism of BBR targeting GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis of islet β cells was further revealed by the rescue experiment. Our results showed that BBR and overexpression of GPX4 could notably accelerate cell viability and the proliferative abilities of islet β cells. Moreover, BBR stimulated GPX4 expression to reduce the content of Fe2+ and ROS, thereby repressing the ferroptosis of islet β cells, which functioned similarly as ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. In conclusion, BBR suppressed ferroptosis of islet β cells via promoting GPX4 expression, providing new insights into the mechanism of BBR for islet β cells.
Nekrolytisches migratorisches Erythem – Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Kreibich Katja , Talas Joud , Stock Karsten , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen 58-jährigen Mann mit therapieresistenten makulopapulösen Effloreszenzen an den Unterschenkeln sowie multiplen, krustig belegten Papeln im Gesichts- und Rückenbereich berichtet. Auffällig waren zudem eine B-Symptomatik und eine chronische Anämie ohne bekannte Malignomerkrankung. Diese Hinweise ließen eine Paraneoplasie vermuten und schließlich die Diagnose eines nekrolytisch migratorischen Erythems (NME) im Rahmen eines Glukagonom-Syndroms stellen. Der Fall zeigt die Herausforderung für die Diagnosestellung eines NME bei wiederholt unspezifischer Dermatopathologie und initial negativ verlaufender Tumorsuche.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Arrhythmias following Surgical Repair of Cardiac Defects
Authors: Chornock Rebecca , Lewis Dana , Gabaud Stephany , Fries Melissa , Greenberg Victoria , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: November 2022

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate whether preexisting cardiac arrhythmias are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes in women with a history of open cardiac surgery.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a history of open cardiac surgery who delivered at MedStar Washington Hospital Center (Washington, DC) from January 2007 through December 2018. Women with the isolated percutaneous cardiac surgical repair were excluded. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and patients without preexisting cardiac arrhythmias. Maternal outcomes studied were intensive care unit admission, postpartum blood loss greater than 1,000 mL, congestive heart failure development, preeclampsia with severe features, postpartum readmission, postpartum cardiac events, and postpartum length of stay >5 days. Neonatal outcomes investigated were low birth weight <2,500 g, Apgar's scores <7 at 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals.
Results The outcomes for 69 deliveries from 56 women with a history of open cardiac surgery were examined. Thirty-three women (48%) had arrhythmias after cardiac surgery with fourteen (20%) requiring implantable cardioverted defibrillators. Two women (6%) with preexisting arrhythmias after cardiac surgery developed postpartum volume overload requiring readmission (p = 0.06). After controlling for age, gestational age at delivery, and BMI, preeclampsia with severe features (p = 0.02) and low birth weight neonates (p = 0.02, aOR = 2.26 [0.56–9.03]) remained statistically more like to occur in patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias than in patients without preexisting arrhythmias.
Conclusion Women with a history of open cardiac surgery and preexisting cardiac arrhythmias prior to pregnancy are more likely to develop preeclampsia with severe features and have low birth weight neonates compared with women with a history of open cardiac surgery without preexisting cardiac arrhythmias.
Key Points
Evaluation of Low-Dose Aspirin to Prevent Preeclampsia in Pregnant People with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Derrah Kelli , Greiner Karen S. , Rincón Mónica , Burwick Richard M. 
Published: November 2022

Objective Our objective was to evaluate if the use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) among pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension (CHTN) reduces the rate of superimposed preeclampsia or other adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Study Design Our study included single-center cohort of pregnant individuals with CHTN who had a live birth after 23 weeks' gestation, between 2013 and 2018. The primary exposure was the use of LDA in pregnancy and the primary outcome was superimposed preeclampsia. LDA use was also evaluated by the timing of initiation, before or after 16 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcomes included preeclampsia subtypes (e.g., preeclampsia with severe features, early-onset disease), as well as adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Differences were analyzed by χ
2, Fisher's exact, or t tests, with logistic regression to adjust for confounders.
Results Of 11,825 deliveries during the study period, 494 (4.2%) occurred in women with CHTN. Among those with CHTN, 174 (35%) were prescribed LDA, most often 81 mg daily (173 out of 174, 99%). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, but the history of preeclampsia was more common in those prescribed LDA. The rate of superimposed preeclampsia was no different among those with CHTN-prescribed LDA compared with those who were not (36% vs. 30%, p = 0.2), even when restricting the analysis to those prescribed LDA before 16 weeks' gestation (33 vs. 30%, p = 0.2). In addition, LDA did not lead to a reduction in the rate of preeclampsia with severe features, early-onset preeclampsia, or other adverse maternal outcomes. However, the composite rate of adverse neonatal outcomes was lower in LDA users versus nonusers (4.0 vs. 13%, p = 0.002), which persisted after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio: 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.67).
Conclusion Among pregnant individuals with CHTN, LDA did not decrease the rate of superimposed preeclampsia. Further studies are warranted to validate our observed reduction in adverse neonatal outcomes and to determine if aspirin is more beneficial at dosages greater than 81 mg daily.
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Thromboelastography versus Standard Coagulation Assays in Patients with Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Perelman Allison D. , Limaye Meghana , Blakemore Jennifer , Hoskins Iffath A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective Thromboelastography (TEG), a point-of-care test that measures blood's dynamic viscoelastic properties, is routinely used to guide resuscitation in surgical specialties with high hemorrhage risk. Patients with ongoing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) often develop coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia. Timely assessment of fibrinogen is crucial because cryoprecipitate for repletion requires thawing time prior to administration. TEG may provide rapid assessment of coagulopathy in ongoing hemorrhage but this has not been thoroughly studied. Our objective was to determine if TEG accurately reflects coagulopathy in ongoing PPH when compared with standard assays.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of people with ongoing PPH (quantified blood loss >1,000 mL), from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. TEG variables and standard coagulation parameters were compared in patients who had both assays drawn simultaneously. As a secondary analysis, patients who had TEG were compared with those who did not. The Mann–Whitney, Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman's rho, and logistic regression tests were used for analysis. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results A total of 680 patients were included, 69 of whom had TEG and coagulation parameters drawn simultaneously and were included in the primary analysis. The remainder were included in the secondary analysis. TEG variables and coagulation assays correlated significantly—prolonged R with increased PTT (rho 0.25, p = 0.04), prolonged K and decreased α angle with decreased fibrinogen (rho −0.61, p < 0.001; rho 0.24, p < 0.001), and decreased maximum amplitude with decreased platelets (rho 0.62, p < 0.001). Those who had thromboelastographic assays had higher blood loss and need for interventions to manage hemorrhage than those who did not.
Conclusion TEG correlated significantly with standard laboratory assays in ongoing PPH, including for patients with hypofibrinogenemia. Given the point-of-care nature and rapid turnaround time, TEG should be considered for timely hemorrhage evaluation and directed resuscitation of coagulopathy.
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A Resolved Placenta Previa Is Still Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Sun Woo , Hamm Rebecca F. , Schwartz Nadav 
Published: November 2022

Objective Our objective was to determine whether resolution of a low-lying placenta or placenta previa is associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
Study Design This is a retrospective, matched-control cohort study of women who underwent transvaginal sonography during fetal anatomic survey between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation at the University of Pennsylvania from January 2017 to May 2019. Exposure was defined as low-lying placenta (≤1 cm from the internal cervical os) or placenta previa (covering the os) at anatomic survey that was found to be resolved by transvaginal ultrasound in the third trimester. For each exposure, we identified a control patient whose placenta was > 1 cm from internal os at anatomic survey performed on the same day. The primary outcome was PPH at delivery, defined as estimated blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL.
Results A total of 450 women were included (225/group). The exposed group of resolved placental previa included 85.0% with resolved low-lying placenta and 15.0% with resolved previa. The rate of PPH was significantly higher in the exposed group versus controls (9.8% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.03). Women with resolved previa were 2.5 times more likely to experience PPH than controls (adjusted odds ratio = 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–5.69), even when controlling for parity, prior cesarean, and delivery mode. Women with resolved previa were also more likely to present to triage with bleeding (16.4% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.006), receive antenatal corticosteroids, (9.3% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.006), and receive intravenous iron postpartum (7.6% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.04).
Conclusion Our data demonstrate that women with a resolved low-lying placenta or placenta previa remain at significantly increased risk of bleeding-related complications in pregnancy and during delivery when compared with those who never had a previa. Clinicians should consider this association when counseling patients and performing hemorrhage risk stratification.
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Racial Disparities in Sterilization Procedure Performed at Time of Cesarean Section
Authors: Walheim Lauren K. , Hong Christopher X. , Hamm Rebecca F. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives While bilateral tubal ligation has historically been performed for sterilization at cesarean delivery (CD), recent data supports the use and safety of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy during CD to decrease lifetime ovarian cancer risk. Prior studies have described racial disparities in sterilization rates, but there is a paucity of data regarding racial disparities in type of sterilization procedure. Our objective was to determine differences in sterilization procedure type performed at CD by race (Black vs. non-Black) to evaluate for equity in bilateral salpingectomy utilization.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients included in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent sterilization at time of CD from January 2019, to December 2020, identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients without documented race were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds of undergoing bilateral salpingectomy compared with bilateral tubal ligation by race while controlling for confounders.
Results Of 28,147 patients who underwent CD, 3,087 underwent concurrent sterilization procedure, and 2,161 met inclusion criteria (Black: n = 279; non-Black: n = 1,882). Black patients were significantly more likely to have hypertension (10.8 vs. 5.3%, p < 0.01), bleeding disorders (3.9 vs. 1.3%, p < 0.01), preoperative anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL; 36.9 vs. 21.3%, p < 0.01), and be of American Society of Anesthesiologist class 3 or higher (29.4 vs. 22.5%, p = 0.01) than non-Black patients. After adjusting for differences, Black patients were almost 50% less likely than non-Black patients to undergo bilateral salpingectomy compared with bilateral tubal ligation for sterilization at CD (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.36–0.75).
Conclusion Despite evidence that bilateral salpingectomy decreases ovarian cancer risk and is safe at CD, there is a racial disparity in bilateral salpingectomy utilization. While the cause of this disparity is unclear, further research is warranted to determine root causes and equitable solutions.
Key Points
Delayed Cord Clamping Uptake and Outcomes for Infants Born Very Preterm in California
Authors: Quinn Mary K. , Katheria Anup , Bennett Mihoko , Lu Tianyao , Lee Henry 
Published: November 2022

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether the purported benefits of delayed cord clamping (DCC) translate into a reduction in mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) among preterm neonates in practice.
Study Design This was a prospective cohort study of very preterm infants constructed from data from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative for infants admitted into 130 California neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) within the first 28 days of life from 2016 through 2020. Individual-level analyses were conducted using log-binomial regression models controlling for confounders and allowing for correlation within hospitals to examine the relationship of DCC to the outcomes of mortality and IVH. Hospital-level analyses were conducted using Poisson regression models with robust variance controlling for confounders.
Results Among 13,094 very preterm infants included (5,856 with DCC and 7,220 without), DCC was associated with a 43% lower risk of mortality (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.66). Furthermore, every 10% increase in the hospital rate of DCC among preterm infants was associated with a 4% lower hospital mortality rate among preterm infants (aRR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). DCC was associated with severe IVH at the individual level, but not at the hospital level.
Conclusion At the individual level and hospital level, the use of DCC was associated with lower mortality among preterm infants admitted to NICUs in California. These findings are consistent with clinical trial results, suggesting that the effects of DCC seen in clinical trials are translating to improved survival in practice.
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