bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Almofalla. ¿Un campamento militar árabe en el Noroeste de Iberia?
Authors: Peterson David , García Izquierdo Iván 
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo se centra en la distribución de la voz árabe andalusí Almofalla, con el significado de ‘campamento militar’, en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Observamos su uso como microtopónimo en la documentación medieval, concentrada, sobre todo, en las afueras de algunas sedes episcopales como Calahorra, Oca y León. Sin presuponer que todas las apariciones de esta voz tengan necesariamente el mismo origen, contemplamos diferentes dinámicas históricas que podrían explicar su presencia. En concreto, son tres los contextos que exploramos: la invasión islámica de principios del siglo VIII, las aceifas de los siglos IX y X, o su empleo como préstamo en los dialectos romances del siglo XII, sobre todo en relación con las campañas de Alfonso I ‘el Batallador’.

[gl] Este traballo céntrase na distribución da voz árabe andalusí Almofalla, co significado de ‘campamento militar’, no noroeste da Península Ibérica. Observamos o seu uso como microtopónimo na documentación medieval, concentrada, sobre todo, nos arredores dalgunhas sedes episcopais como Calahorra, Oca e León. Sen supor que todas as aparicións desta voz teñen necesariamente a mesma orixe, contemplamos diferentes dinámicas históricas que poderían explicar a súa presenza. En concreto, hai tres contextos que exploramos: a invasión islámica de principios do século VIII, as aceifas dos séculos IX e X ou o seu uso como préstamo nos dialectos románicos do século XII, especialmente en relación ás campañas de Afonso I ‘o Batallador’.
Impact of BCG vaccination and metabolic risk factors on the severity of SARS-Cov-2 infection: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care centre in northern India
Authors: Begam N. N. , Gupta G. , Chatterji S. , Narayan A. , Pandey S. , Tomar S. , Sinha S. 
Published: July 2022

Background and aims: We present a study on the earliest cohort of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus who were admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The primary objective of the study was to find the difference in the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients based on BCG vaccination status. The secondary objective was to assess risk factors for ICU admission and clinical course of patients with COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done between 1 May 2020 and 30 July 2020 in AIIMS, New Delhi. Patients aged more than 14 years attending or admitted to the COVID-19 facility with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened and 205 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were managed as per standard protocol. The difference in ICU admission rate with COVID-19 in patients with and without metabolic risk factors was analysed.
Results: The study shows higher ICU admission in the age group ≥45-75years (n=16; 68.5%) compared to the age group 15-44 (n=10; 38.5%) which was statistically significant (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, the age group ≥45-75 years [AOR=3.76, 95% CI (1.10,12.82), p=0.03] and diabetes mellitus [AOR=5.20, 95% CI (1.08,25.16), p=0.04] were significantly associated with higher ICU admission. Of the 26 patients admitted to ICU, 4 (15.3%) were vaccinated in contrast to 22 (84.6%) who were unvaccinated (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Diabetes was strongly associated with ICU admission and appears to be a risk factor for severity in patients with COVID-19. BCG vaccination status is positively correlated with fewer ICU admission rates in patients with COVID-19.
Haloperidol vs. Dexamethasone in Lowering Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Pain in Adult After Laparoscopy
Authors: Heriwardito Aldy , Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Widhyanti Suryo Indah , Aristya Lara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
The incidence of PONV (Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting) and pain are still one of the most common symptoms of post-surgery and prophylaxis to reduce the event is needed. Therefore, we wanted to know the effectiveness of 1 mg intravenous haloperidol compared to 5 mg intravenous dexamethasone to prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting and to control pain in adult patients after laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty subjects (n = 40 for each group) scheduled for laparoscopic-assisted surgery were enrolled in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. One milligram intravenous haloperidol was given one hour before the end of surgery, while 5 mg intravenous dexamethasone was given right after induction. The occurrence of PONV and VAS pain score were recorded.

Results:
This study showed a significant difference in the incidence of nausea between haloperidol and dexamethasone at 2–6 hours (5% vs 25%, P = 0.012), 6–12 hours (10% vs 24%, P = 0.012), and 12–24 hours (12.5% vs 60%, P < 0.001) after laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of vomiting after laparoscopic surgery between two groups was not significantly different (P > 0,05). However, haloperidol group resulted in lower VAS pain score at every postoperative period with statistically significant result.

Conclusion:
The administration of 1 mg intravenous haloperidol is significantly better than 5 mg intravenous dexamethasone to prevent the occurrence of nausea and to lower the pain, but not significantly different to prevent the incidence of postoperative vomiting in adult patients after laparoscopic surgery.
The Use of Blood Versus Crystalloid Cardioplegia in Adult Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Putro Bambang Novianto , Purwoko Purwoko , Supraptomo Raden Theodorus , Putra Eka Satrio , Sunjoyo Ageng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Myocardial ischemia can occur due to hypotension, shock, coronary heart disease, and aortic cross-clamping during open-heart surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. Cardioplegia is classified into the blood or crystalloid base as a cardioprotective method. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe the effectiveness of blood and crystalloids cardioplegic solutions in adult open-heart surgery by focusing on their effects on cardiac enzymes. This study investigated the effect of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia on troponin (cTn) and creatinine kinase myocardial bound (CKMB). The literature search was carried out on several Cochrane, PubMed, PMC, and Google Scholar databases from January 2014 to August 2020 using the medical subject heading keywords and Boolean operator. We obtained 346 articles and identified nine prospective randomized studies from five countries that met the eligibility criteria. The majority discussed the comparison of blood cardioplegia and crystalloids in coronary revascularization cardiac surgery (CABG). The cTn values (weighted mean difference [WMD] –2.67, confidence interval [CI] –4.18 to 1.17, P = 0.0005) and CKMB values (WMD –2.67, CI –4.18 to 1.17, P = 0.0005) 24 h operatively showed that the level of the cardiac enzymes increased in the crystalloids cardioplegia group more than the blood cardioplegia group. Overall, the articles used have a low risk of bias despite their high level of homogenicity. The current literature on cardioplegia in adults does not provide adequate advanced-phase trials. Both types of cardioplegia provide reasonable protection for the myocardium. However, several studies reveal that crystalloid cardioplegia increases cardiac enzymes more significantly than blood cardioplegia.
A study to evaluate perfusion index as a predictor of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for caesarean section
Authors: Lal Jatin , Bansal Teena , Bhardwaj Shweta , Jain Mamta , Singh Anish Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The perfusion index (PI) has been used as a marker of peripheral perfusion. A lower PI indicates greater peripheral vascular tone and increased risk of hypotension following spinal anesthesia. The present study was conducted to evaluate and correlate perfusion index (PI) with incidence of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for caesarean section.

Material and Methods:
The present prospective, double blind, observational study included sixty full term parturients in the age group 18-35 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, having singleton pregnancy undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. On the basis of baseline PI, patients were allocated into one of the two groups: Group I (n = 30) Patients with baseline PI ≤.3.5 and Group II (n = 30) Patients with PI >3.5.

Results:
The incidence of hypotension in group I was 40% as compared to 73.3% in group II (p = 0.009). Thus, the incidence of hypotension in group II with baseline PI >.3.5 was more as compared to group I. Patients in group II with baseline PI >.3.5 had significantly more episodes of hypotension as compared to those in group I with baseline PI ≤3.5.

Conclusion:
PI can be used as a useful tool for predicting hypotension in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia in everyday practice.
Comparison of patient controlled epidural infusion versus physician controlled epidural infusion for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries
Authors: Choudhary Komal , Halemani Kusuma R. 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
For effective patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) without many systemic effects after major intra-abdominal surgeries, optimal analgesic solution, background infusion rates, and settings need to be determined. The primary aim was to compare the efficacy of PCEA versus physician-controlled epidural analgesia (PhCEA) in terms of pain relief after major intra-abdominal surgeries. The secondary aim was, to establish an acceptable PCEA regime, to compare the vitals, amount of drug used, acute pain service (APS) interventions, rescue analgesics, and side effects.

Material and Methods:
This prospective randomized study was conducted on consenting 102 adult patients undergoing major intra-abdominal surgeries. The study drug was levobupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 ug mL-1. Trained nursing staff assessed patients and data were collected at fixed intervals (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) till 24 hours post-surgery. Chi-square test, independent ‘t’ test, and Mann–Whitney U test were used and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
Pain scores were comparable in between the groups. Patients in the PCEA group had significantly (P = 0.000) fewer APS interventions (2.2 vs. 1.4 times) and need for rescue analgesics (1.8 vs. 0.8 times). There was no incidence of deep sedation, pruritus, hypotension, numbness, or complete motor block in either group.

Conclusion:
PCEA with background infusion is better than PhCEA after major intra-abdominal surgeries as it requires lesser pain team interventions and rescue analgesics. Epidural administration of lower concentration of opioid and local anesthetic gives adequate pain relief without any untoward side effects.
Analisis Yuridis Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan Anak Dibawah Umur Wilayah Hukum Biak Numfor
Authors: Mniber Emilia Kristine Oktavia 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze criminal acts of copulation experienced by minors referring to Law No. 23/2002 on child protection and analyze the potential factors and preventions of the copulation committed by minors. This research uses a normative-empirical juridical approach with a type of judicial case study research, namely the jurisdiction of Biak Numfor Regency. Data are obtained through interviews, engaged observations and documentation. The results of the study showed that the procedure for examining copulation by minors at Biak’s Resort Police was in line with the applicable provisions, namely the Criminal Procedure Code and also Law No. 23 of 2002, in which minors as the suspects must be treated humanely and the investigation process does not cause deep trauma to their psyche. In addition, several factors realizing crime are divided into 2 factors, internal factors which include (psychiatric, biological, and moral factors) and external factors which include (socio-cultural, economic, and mass media factors). In order to prevent the occurrence of copulation by minors, several methods need to be considered, penal methods (legal sanctions), non-penal methods, preventive methods, repressive methods, reformative methods and moral methods.
Penyelenggaraan Teknis dan Administrasi Dana Desa dalam Menunjang Pembangunan Kampung-Kampung di Distrik Supiori Papua
Authors: Mual Rosa 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji alokasi dana desa sebagai upaya memajukan desa khususnya di Kabupaten Supiori Timur sebagai salah satu wilayah yang melakukan pemekaran baru. Selain itu penelitian ini untuk juga berupaya untuk mengkaji ragam faktor yang mempengaruhi dan menghambat dalam pengelolaan alokasi dana desa untuk kemajuan. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris. Penelitian akhir diperoleh bahwa pelaksanaan administrasi dan teknis dana desa dalam menunjang pembangunan kampung di Kampung Sorendiweri Disrtik Supiori Timur Kabupaten Supiori telah berjalan sesuai prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Pelaksanaan Dana Desa diawali dengan aturan perencanaan dan laporan pertanggungjawaban. Pada tahapan perencanaan tiap komponen yang masuk dalam jajaran pemerintah turut serta hadir untuk membahasa jumlah anggaran yang akan dikeluarkan sebagai bentuk transparansi dana yang didapatkan. Perencanaan meliputi segala macam dana yang akan digunakan dalam satu tahun kedepan. Adapun faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam pembangunan Kampung Sorendiweri ialah letak geografis yang sulit dijangkau sehingga memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Selain itu sumber daya manusia yang masih minim sehingga dalam melakukan pembangunan masih terasa sangat sulit.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP: UMA ANALISÉ RETROSPECTIVA DE DADOS LABORATORIAIS
Authors: Mavunge Carlos Aires Walter , Rebeca Luquengui , Aurelio Sergio  Valentino , Guarda Nataniel , Pires Mavilde Leopoldina , Felix Africa Olimpia de Jesus , Noel Kialanda Maria Monteiro , António Armindo Paixão 
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo, relatar o Isolamento e identificação de Staphylococcus, a partir de amostras de exsudados e urina em humanos, através de análises realizadas no período de 2017 a 2021 pela secção de bacteriologia do Laboratório central do Instituto de Investigação Veterinária no Huambo. Para isso, foram verificados todos os registros do período entre Janeiro de 2017 à Dezembro de 2021, e os resultados dos diagnósticos positivos e negativos foram contabilizados e armazenados numa folha do Excel para o processamento. Os resultados do levantamento do registro de dados de isolamento e identificação de Staphylococcus spp. revelaram que das 486 amostras de exsudados e urina analisadas, 20% (98/486) foram consideradas positivas e 80% (388/486) negativas a Staphylococcus spp., 34 % (33/98) foram isolados de amostras de urina e 66% ( 65/98) de esxudados. A frequência de isolamento de Staphylococcus spp.das amostras de exsudados e urina provenientes de pacientes de hospitais e clínicas do município do Huambo, revelou a evidencia de que os Staphylococcus ssp são causadores de várias infecções.
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine with Midazolam during Monitored Care Anesthesia (MAC) in Patients Undergoing Septoplasty
Authors: Khan Nusrullah , Rizvi Ahmed Shakeel Ahsan , Sarfraz Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the sedative and analgesic outcomes of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in patients undergoing Septoplasty.
Methodology: Â This comparative study was conducted at Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 150 patients who were planned for Septoplasty under MAC having age 18-45 years, and ASA status I-II in Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; In group D; IV dexmedetomidine 1 Âµg.Kg-1 was given over five mins after that IV infusion at the rate of 0.5 Âµg.Kg-1.hour-1 was started. In group M; midazolam 0.06 mg.Kg-1 was given as slow bolus after that continuous infusion at the rate of 0.01 mg.Kg-1.hour-1 was started. Sedation was monitored according to Ramsay sedation scale and VAS scale was used to measure the intensity of pain.
Results: The Mean age was 34.3Â±5.7 years in group D versus 35.7Â±6.1 years in group M. There were 49 (65.3%) male patients in group D and 47 (62.7%) in group M. Mean sedation and pain score was significantly less in group D as compared to group M (p-value 0.001 & 0.002 respectively). There were 12 (16.0%) patients in group D who required rescue sedation and 32 (42.7%) in group M required rescue sedation (p-value 0.003). There were 14 (18.7%) patients in group D who required rescue analgesia versus 29 (38.7%) in group M (p-value 0.006).
Conclusion: Use of dexmedetomidine for MAC is advantageous as compared to midazolam in-terms of better sedation and analgesia and reduced requirements of rescue doses of sedatives and analgesics.
Outcome of Acute Peritonitis Related To Cause and Duration Of Presentation
Authors: Ayesha Mehboob  , Sughra Parveen  , Mazhar Iqbal  , Kehkashan Anwar  , Jehangir Ali  , Kulsoom Moulabux  
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the outcome of acute cause-related peritonitis correlated with the duration of inflammation within 24, 24-48, and after 48 hours of hospital admission.
Methodology: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Surgical Ward #3, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from September 2019 to March 2021. Patients over 12 years old were included in this study. The duration, cause, and outcomes of peritonitis were noted. All complications were recorded and treated accordingly.
Results: 136 patients between the ages of 13 to 80 years old were included, 104 were males (76.8%) and 32 females (23.18%). 37 patients (28.2%) were aged 13â€“20 years, 61 (44.2%) were aged 21â€“40, 33 (23.91%) were aged 41â€“60, and 5 (3.6%) were aged over 60 years. Mortality showed 2 patients (1.47%) expired in 24â€“48 hours, and 6 (4.4%) in 48 hours. Â The cause of peritonitis included typhoid ileal perforation (41%), duodenal perforation (33%), ruptured appendix (28%), intestinal tuberculous (14%), gangrenous gut (7%), tumour perforation (6%), liver abscess (3%), and gastric perforation and rectal tear (1%). Notably, 2.4% of patients with typhoid peritonitis, 3.0% with duodenal perforation, 3.5% with ruptured appendix, 14.2% with tuberculous intestine, 33.3% with tumour perforation, and 100% with liver abscess perforation passed. Paralytic ileus (8%) and burst abdomen (8%), were the most common complications.
Conclusion: Typhoid ileal perforation was the major cause of peritonitis, and paralytic ileus and burst abdomen were the most common complications contributing to the mortality rate.
Comparative Study of Single- Versus Split-Dose Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Solution Before Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Salman Javed  , Najam Us Sehar  , Samreen Sarah , Mohsin Raza  , Qamar Sajad  , Amber Saleemi  
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of consumption of a single versus split-dose polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution in patients undergoing colonoscopy in the morning.
Methodology: A randomisedÂ controlled trial was conductedÂ at theÂ Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, fromÂ April to JulyÂ 2021. A total of 274 patients undergoing colonoscopy, who fulfilled the selection criteria were included through a "non-probability, consecutive sampling technique". The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, single dose of PEG was administered. Group B was administered a split dose of PEG which was to be consumed in two parts, 1st in evening before colonoscopy and the second in the morning. Efficacy was labelled if adequate cleaning of the intestines and a BBPS score of â‰¥6 were achieved during colonoscopy.
Results:Â Â In the single dose group, the mean age of patients was 45.15 Â± 13.37 years, 68 (49.6%) patients were male, 69 (50.4%) patients were female, efficacy of the procedure was achieved in 54 (39.4%) patients, and the mean BBPS score was 4.99 Â± 0.90. In the split dose group, mean age of patients was 49.85 Â± 11.38 years, 56 (40.9%) patients were male, 81 (59.1%) patients were female, efficacy of the procedure was achieved in 137 (100%) patients, and the mean BBPS score was 7.61 Â± 0.49. The difference in both groups was highly significant (p-value < 0.0001).
Conclusion: A split dose is thus more efficacious and acceptable than a single dose of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution given for bowel preparation.
Comparison of Injectable Phenytoin and Laveracetam in Control of Neonatal Seizure due to Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Meha Zahid  , Saba Ameena , Taqi Hasan Zaidi  , Itrat Fatima  , Sohail Shehzad  , Wajeeha Amber  
Published: July 2022

Objectives:Â To compare the efficacy of leviracetam and phenytoin as a sole agent in the control of neonatal seizure due to grade II HIE.
Methodology:Â A Prospective comparative study was conducted in the neonatal ICU of Combined Military Hospital Malir Cantt for 7 months from June 2020 to Dec 2020. Total 60 cases of grade II HIE due to perinatal asphyxia were reported during the study period and were enrolled using simple consecutive sampling technique. Their demographic data, clinical features and frequencies of the selected known risk factors for perinatal asphyxia were recorded. The samples were randomized into two groups using alternate sampling technique. Group A was given I/V Phenytoin while group B was given I/V Laveracetam. The response was measured in terms of seizure control with single drug.
Results: Â Out of 60 neonates 35(58.33 %) were preterm. Â Observed risk factors for perinatal asphyxia included gestational diabetes 14(23.3%), pregnancy induced hypertension 10(16.7%), meconium stained liquor 9(15%), fetal bradycardia 8(13.3%) and maternal infections 2(3.3%). Â Phenytoin alone controlled seizures in 22 (73.3%) cases and was found significantly better than Laveracetam which alone controlled seizures in 19(63.3%) cases. (P-value < 0.001)
Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia is more common in preterm neonates. Gestational diabetes is the most common risk factor for perinatal asphyxia. Phenytoin is significantly better first line sole antiepileptic agent than Laveracetam.
The Network Between Utility Forestry and Municipal Forestry: It Does Exist
Authors: Olienyk Deborah L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe association between utility foresters and municipal foresters has been the subject of controversy. To demonstrate that a network does exist with these two groups, goals and objectives are defined by exploring four areas: purpose, attitude, approach, consequence. Comparisons are made to demonstrate how their programs can be integrated for the long-term benefit of the urban forests shared in common.
PEA Line Clearance and Forestry Committee
Authors: Spangler Peter E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Line Clearance and Forestry Committee of the Pennsylvania Electric Association was formed in September 1984 to discuss, study, and review vegetation management research and practices for line clearance to improve electric reliability, operating economy and safety through the application of professional, arboricultural practices including tree pruning, herbicide use and other related activities. The committee consists of representatives from each of the major investor-owned electric utility companies operating and maintaining facilities within Pennsylvania. The objectives of the committee are to: 1) conduct informational activities to increase public understanding of vegetation management within electric line rights-of-way; 2) give the electric utility industry within Pennsylvania a single voice on matters of vegetation management; and 3) promote continual exchange of useful information between electric utilities within Pennsylvania.