bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two connected large epiploic appendixes make a loop: A case report
Authors: Zabihi Fariba , Mehri Ali , Etezadpour Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of hospitalization in surgery ward and brings a notable morbidity and mortality with 30,000 annual deaths. In some cases, SBO develops due to the internal hernia. In this case, we present a case of internal hernia in a woman with normal large epiploic appendixes.
In‐situ Investigations of Co@Al2O3 Ammonia Decomposition Catalysts: The Interaction between Support and Catalyst
Authors: Weidenthaler Claudia , Schmidt Wolfgang , Leiting Sebastian , Ternieden Jan , Kostis Alexander , Ulucan Tolga Han , Budiyanto Eko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCracking of ammonia, a hydrogen carrier with high storage capacity, gains increasing attention for fuel cell systems for heavy load transportation. In this work, we studied the influence of metal loading and synthesis temperatures on the properties of Co@Al2O3 catalysts. The combination of in situ bulk characterization methods with in situ surface spectroscopy provides insights into the structure‐property relation of the Co catalyst on the γ‐Al2O3 support. At too high temperatures, the formation of CoAl2O4 during synthesis or during the catalytic reaction itself results in inactive mixed metal aluminium spinels which do not contribute to the catalytic reaction. The amount of ‘active’ Co catalyst thus varies significantly as well as its catalytic activity. The latter is correlated to the size of the reduced Co particles on the alumina support. The experiments also highlight that the state of the catalyst changes after reaction which strongly emphasizes the necessity of in situ studies.
Acid‐Modulated Synthesis of Novel π‐Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Efficient Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Bai Monika M. G. , Bramhaiah K. , Bhattacharyya Santanu , Rao Rajeswara M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSimple synthetic modifications that tune the molecular structures, thereby the properties of the molecules, are of topical interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of two novel cationic rosaniline‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) from identical monomers via simple acid modulation (Acetic acid and BF3 ⋅ Et2O). The condensation reaction of rosaniline with 2,4,6‐triformylphloroglucinol in acetic acid renders β‐ketoenamine‐linked CMP (CMP‐A) while changing the acid to BF3 ⋅ Et2O, the linkages transform to enol and undergoes BF2‐complexation, leading to boranil CMP (CMP‐B). BF2‐functionalities in boranil CMP significantly modified the optical and functional properties compared to β‐ketoenamine‐linked CMP. The cationic‐delocalization along with the extended π‐delocalization supported by chromophoric BF2‐groups allow CMP‐B to exhibit broad absorption spanning the visible to Near‐Infrared region (NIR). The absorption red‐edge of CMP‐B appears around 1277 nm (optical band gap ∼1.58 eV) while CMP‐A displays at 981 nm (optical band gap ∼1.83 eV). Most interestingly, as a photocatalyst, CMP‐B catalyzes hydrogen evolution with a superior rate of 252 μmol g−1 over CMP‐A (100 μmol g−1). It is about 2.5 times higher performance. The transient photocurrent measurements, electrochemical impedance data, and in‐depth mott‐Schottky analysis demonstrate that the BF2‐group in CMP‐B generates photoinduced charge carriers and their migration towards the active sites for photocatalysis. These polymers show significant photocatalytic H2 generation without any supportive metal co‐catalyst. The BF2 complexed building blocks are a unique class of metal‐free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution through green and cost‐effective approach.
Post‐disturbance evolution of a prograded foredune barrier during a sustained dynamic restoration project—the role of wind speed, wind direction and vegetation
Authors: Konlechner Teresa Maree , Hilton Michael John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisturbed (de‐vegetated) coastal dunes can follow divergent evolutionary pathways, evolving to one of a range of possible morphologies in response to spatial and temporal variations in windiness (i.e. the speed and direction of competent winds) or vegetation cover (i.e. the magnitude and rate of vegetation loss). Here we examine the influence of these factors on the evolution of two adjacent barriers during a sustained dune restoration programme, at Doughboy Bay, Aotearoa/New Zealand. We document a shift from a stable prograded foredune barrier to a mobile dune state over a 15‐year period. The spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentation across the barriers reflect alongshore variations in incident wind direction. Changes in vegetation resulted from an alongshore gradient in wind speed, with little decline in vegetation cover recorded towards the more sheltered sections of the dunes and almost total loss of vegetation towards the centre of the bay. Subsequent changes in vegetation cover continued to reflect these gradients in wind speed and direction, with an increase in vegetation cover associated with relatively sheltered sections of coast and a continued decline or no change in vegetation cover across the more exposed parts of the barriers. Finally, localized sediment accumulation across both barriers is strongly associated with the presence of dune‐building species. This case demonstrates the influence of wind speed, wind direction and vegetation on post‐disturbance foredune morphologies and barrier development. We propose a three‐stage conceptual model of barrier evolution consistent with existing biogeomorphic disturbance models: (1) an initial ‘reaction’ phase, characterized by high vegetation cover and relatively little topographic change; (2) an ‘activation’ phase, characterized by low vegetation cover and rapid rates of topographic change; and (3) a ‘stabilization’ phase, characterized by increasing vegetation cover and topographic stability. Dune restoration interventions of this type would clearly benefit from an analysis of incident wind conditions prior to commencement and careful consideration of where and how to reintroduce native sand‐binding species.
No evidence that seaweed cover enhances the deterioration of natural cement‐based mortar in intertidal environments
Authors: Baxter Timothy , Coombes Martin , Viles Heather 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe breakdown of rocks and engineering materials in marine environments is both enhanced and retarded by surface‐colonizing marine organisms (seaweed, barnacles, etc.). However, the impact of marine growth on the deterioration of materials used to construct and repair maritime heritage assets, such as natural cement, is poorly understood.This study assesses whether seaweed cover (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus) influences the breakdown of mortar prepared using natural cement through an exposure trial at Portland Port, Dorset, UK. Using microclimate monitoring and three different indicators of weathering and material breakdown (surface hardness, surface roughness and ultrasonic pulse velocity), samples of mortar with and without a cover of seaweed were compared after 6 months of exposure to intertidal conditions. Our results show that temperature variations were significantly dampened under seaweed canopies compared to uncovered substrate both in summer and winter. As mechanical rock weathering processes are influenced by surface temperature regimes, we infer that these stabilizing effects may translate to a reduction in the efficacy of particular rock breakdown processes. Seaweed cover was not found to have significant effects on the surface hardness of the samples. Conversely, significant differences in surface roughness and pulse velocity were observed, indicating that the seaweed‐covered samples experienced less surface and subsurface breakdown.Overall, we found no evidence that seaweed significantly enhances the deterioration of natural cement‐based mortar during the first few months of exposure. Instead, we present the first empirical evidence of the bioprotective potential of seaweed covering materials commonly used in maritime built heritage restoration. Future work is now needed to examine the geomorphic roles of seaweed and other marine organisms on different types of materials used in maritime heritage conservation, and the extent to which their impacts on different deteriorative/protective processes vary in time and space, particularly under future climatic scenarios.
Significance of nuclear EGFR and ABCG2 expression in malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Tarle Marko , Müller Danko , Raguž Marina , Lukšić Ivica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) and the stem cell marker ABCG2 in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral erythroplakia (OE) and to assess their significance as prognostic biomarkers for malignant transformation.MethodsIn this study we included 50 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), 31 with OL and 19 with OE, in whom we examined the expression of nEGFR and ABCG2 by immunohistochemical methods.ResultsTwenty‐one (42%) of 50 patients with OL and OE developed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The malignant transformation was increased 12,84‐fold (95% CI, 2.15–76.44, p = 0.005) in OPMD expressing both ABCG2 and nEGFR. Expression of nEGFR is a strong indicator of malignant transformation, unlike ABCG2 expression, respectively.ConclusionsDetermining the co‐expression of the biomarkers nEGFR and ABCG2 in OPMD may serve us to determine the risk of malignant transformation in OSCC.
Ramification of healthcare expenditure on morbidity rates and life expectancy in the association of southeast asian nations countries: A dynamic panel threshold analysis
Authors: Abbasi Babar Nawaz , Sohail Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study has investigated the impact of healthcare expenditure on life expectancy and morbidity rates in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to analyse whether health expenditure remains a critical component of improving health status and to determine the threshold value at which health strategy becomes cost‐effective from 2000 to 2019.MethodsThe techniques employed include the Dynamic Panel Threshold model advanced by Seo et al. (2019) to implement Seo and Shin's (2016) proposed first‐differenced generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation. Furthermore, the dynamic system GMM and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques were also employed for robustness check.ResultsThe findings revealed that healthcare expenditure raises life expectancy and lowers the crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. Therefore, healthcare expenditure is increasing life expectancy and reducing crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. However, when disaggregating the impact, that of public healthcare expenditure is higher than that of private except in the case of infant mortality rate where that of private is higher. In addition, it found that the threshold value at which health strategy becomes cost‐effective, thus the amount which the countries should spend for health status improvement is at least 6% and above of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP).ConclusionHealthcare expenditure is raising life expectancy and lowering the morbidity rate of the countries. Furthermore, the cost‐effective level of the country's healthcare expenditure as a proportion of GDP is 6% and above.
Targeting YAP1/TAZ in nonsmall‐cell lung carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to precision medicine
Authors: Mui Chun Wai , Chan Wai Nok , Chen Bonan , Cheung Alvin Ho‐Kwan , Yu Jun , Lo Kwok Wai , Ke Huixing , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence has underscored the importance of the Hippo‐YAP1 signaling in lung tissue homeostasis, whereas its deregulation induces tumorigenesis. YAP1 and its paralog TAZ are the key downstream effectors tightly controlled by the Hippo pathway. YAP1/TAZ exerts oncogenic activities by transcriptional regulation via physical interaction with TEAD transcription factors. In solid tumors, Hippo‐YAP1 crosstalks with other signaling pathways such as Wnt/β‐catenin, receptor tyrosine kinase cascade, Notch and TGF‐β to synergistically drive tumorigenesis. As YAP1/TAZ expression is significantly correlated with unfavorable outcomes for the patients, small molecules have been developed for targeting YAP1/TAZ to get a therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the deregulation of Hippo‐YAP1 pathway in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, discuss the molecular mechanisms of its dysregulation in leading to tumorigenesis, explore the therapeutic strategies for targeting YAP1/TAZ, and provide the research directions for deep investigation. We believe that detailed delineation of Hippo‐YAP1 regulation in tumorigenesis provides novel insight for accurate therapeutic intervention.
Deep learning captures selective features for discrimination of microsatellite instability from pathologic tissue slides of gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Sung Hak , Lee Yujin , Jang Hyun‐Jong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrosatellite instability (MSI) status is an important prognostic marker for various cancers. Furthermore, because immune checkpoint inhibitors are much more effective in tumors with high level of MSI (MSI‐H), MSI status is routinely tested in multiple cancer types. Therefore, many studies have tested the feasibility of deep learning (DL)‐based prediction of MSI status from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tissue slides. In the present study, we attempted a fully automated classification of MSI status in gastric cancer (GC) tissue slides. For frozen and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) GC tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the areas under the curves (AUCs) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.893 and 0.902, respectively. The classifier trained with the TCGA FFPE tissues performed well on an external validation Asian FFPE cohort, with an AUC of 0.874. However, the DL‐based classifier seems incompatible with cancers from different organs because morphologic features of MSI‐H tissues are different. Analysis of histomorphologic features of MSI‐H GC tissues suggested that MSI‐H GC could largely be divided into two groups: intestinal type tumors with moderate to poor differentiation and diffuse type mucinous tumors. However, the recognizable morphologic features cannot completely explain the good performance of the DL‐based classifier. These results indicate that DL could automatically learn the optimal features for discrimination of MSI status in GC tissue slides. This study demonstrated the potential of a DL‐based MSI classifier as a screening tool for definitive cases.
Research advances in nanomedicine applied to the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yin Luxi , Li Haozhe , Shi Linlin , Chen Keda , Pan Hongming , Han Weidong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe systematic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) still has room for improvement. The efficacy of chemotherapy, that of anti‐vascular therapy, and that of immunotherapy have been unsatisfactory. In recent years, nanomaterials have been used as carriers to improve the bioavailability of anticancer drugs. For the treatment of colorectal cancer, nanodrugs increase the possibility of more precise targeted delivery. However, the actual benefits may cover more aspects. Nanocarriers can produce synergistic effects with anticancer drugs, including the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and co‐delivery of a variety of drugs. Currently, immunotherapy has very limited clinical applications in CRC. Modified nanocarriers can activate the immune microenvironment, which can be used for staging antigen recognition or the immune response. Cancer vaccines based on nanomaterials and modified immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in animal models. Considering the direct or indirect relationship between the intestinal microflora and CRC, a variety of nanodrugs that regulate microbial function have been explored as an anticancer strategy, and the special structure of microorganisms can also be used as a basis for improving the delivery of traditional nanoparticles (NPs). This review summarizes recent research performed on nanocarriers in in vivo and in vitro models and the synergistic anticancer effects of nanocarriers, focusing on the interaction between NPs and the body, resulting in enhanced efficacy and immune activation. Furthermore, this review describes the current trend of NPs used in the treatment of CRC.
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Authors: Geng Xiangshun , Zhang Peigen , Ren Jun , Dun Guan‐Hua , Li Yuanyuan , Jin Jialun , Wang Chaolun , Wu Xing , Xie Dan , Tian He , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA mixed‐dimensional van der Waals (vdW) graphene/perovskite photodetector is fabricated by directly growing single crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite on monolayer graphene. The hybrid device achieves self‐powering behavior and exhibits comprehensive photoresponse properties, including a fast response time (2.05 µs), high detectivity (4.65×1012 Jones), and strong responsivity (10.41 A W‐1). This prominent performance is mainly attributed to the high‐quality graphene/perovskite heterojunction suppressing the dark current and the strong interface coupling caused by the effective transport of photo‐generated carriers. This work (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12347) provides an effective guideline for the development of next‐generation directly integrated vdW optoelectronic devices.
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Induction of angiogenesis and neural progenitor cells by basic fibroblast growth factor‐releasing polyglycolic acid sheet following focal cerebral infarction in mice
Authors: Ito Yoshiro , Oyane Ayako , Yasunaga Mayu , Hirata Koji , Hirose Motohiro , Tsurushima Hideo , Ito Yuzuru , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiodegradable sheets loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are prepared as novel bFGF‐releasing systems from polyglycolic acid nonwoven fabric by oxygen plasma treatment followed by bFGF adsorption. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of this system on a focal cerebral infarction model (CB‐17 mouse). A preliminary in vitro study showed that this system released bFGF in an acellular culture medium, thereby keeping the bFGF concentration in the medium at ≥5 ng/ml for a prolonged period of 7 days. The released bFGF from this system retained its biological activity to enhance endothelial tube formation in vitro. In a mouse model of subacute focal cerebral infarction, this system increased the expression of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor in the peri‐infarct cortex and subventricular zone, promoted angiogenesis in the striatum, and increased neural progenitor cells in the peri‐infarct cortex. Thus, this bFGF‐releasing system has the potential to be a novel therapeutic approach for cerebral infarction.
Exercise Reduces the Number of Overall and Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Adults. Does Supervision Make a Difference? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Isabelle , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon , Becker Clemens , Gosch Markus , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Kladny Bernd , Clausen Jürgen , Lange Uwe , Middeldorf Stefan , Peters Stefan , Schoene Daniel , Sieber Cornel , Tholen Reina , Thomasius Friederike , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A , Uder Michael , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021250467) was to evaluate the effects of exercise on low-trauma overall and major osteoporotic fractures (hip, spine, forearm, or humerus fractures) and to determine the corresponding effect of supervision of the exercise program. Our systematic search of six literature databases according to the PRISMA guideline was conducted from January 1, 2013 (ie, date of our last search) to May 22, 2021, and included controlled clinical exercise trials with (i) individuals aged ≥45 years, (ii) cohorts without therapies/diseases related to fractures, (iii) observation periods of ≥3 months, and (iv) the number of low-trauma fractures listed separately for the exercise (EG) and control (CG) groups. We included 20 intervention studies with 21 EGs and 20 CGs comprising a pooled number of participant-years of n = 11.836 in the EG and n = 11.275 in the CG. The mixed-effects conditional Poisson regression revealed significant effects of exercise on low-trauma overall incidence (rate) ratio (IR 0.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.51–0.87) and major osteoporotic fractures IR (0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.92). Heterogeneity between the trials was moderate for low-trauma overall (I2 = 40%) and negligible (I2 &lt; 1%) for major osteoporotic fractures. Supervision of the exercise program plays a significant role in the reductions of overall and major osteoporotic fractures with IR about twice as favorable in the predominately supervised (IR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27–0.73 and 0.38; 0.19–0.76) versus the predominately non-supervised exercise trials (IR 0.83; 95% CI 0.60–1.14 and 0.82; 0.64–1.05). In summary, the present study provides evidence for the positive effect of exercise on low-trauma overall and major osteoporotic fractures in middle aged to older adults. Supervision of the exercise program is a crucial aspect in exercise programs on fracture reduction. Thus, home-based exercise protocols should increasingly implement online classes to ensure widely consistent supervision and monitoring of the exercise program. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Protective effects of fargesin on cadmium‐induced lung injury through regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Ma Rui , Wang Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFragesin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to figure out the possible effectiveness of the fargesin, and to invest the mechanisms by which it works in the cadmium‐induced lung injury in mice. Fargesin was given 1 h before cadmium treatment for 7 days. Then, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested to test inflammatory cells and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Lung histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation were measured. Fargesin dose‐dependently reduced inflammatory cells and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in BALF, improved lung histopathological injury, and inhibited lung wet/dry ratio and MPO activity. Furthermore, fargesin inhibited cadmium‐induced NF‐κB activation. In addition, fargesin was found to increase AhR expression. In conclusion, fargesin attenuates cadmium‐induced lung injury may be via activating AhR, which subsequently suppressing the inflammatory response.