bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing wear time and perceptions of wearing an ankle foot orthosis in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Dinkel Danae , Hassan Mahdi , Rech John P. , DeSpiegelaere Holly , Johanning Jason , Pipinos Iraklis , Myers Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is a cardiovascular disease that affects walking ability. An ankle foot orthosis (AFO) may improve walking distances in those with PAD. Little research has explored if those with PAD wear a prescribed AFO and their perceptions of wearing the device.ObjectiveTo assess wear time of an AFO and explore perceptions of wearing the device in patients with PAD.DesignConvergent mixed methods.SettingThe study was conducted through a tertiary care medical center, and the research participants used the device in the community.ParticipantsThirty‐six patients, all older adult males, were enrolled in this study. Fourteen patients completed the study and 11 supplied sufficient accelerometer data to include in the analysis.InterventionsAn AFO was worn for 3 months. An accelerometer was placed on the AFO for 7 days at the midpoint (1.5 months) and endpoint of the intervention (3 months) to assess wear time. Semi‐structured interviews explored patients' perceptions of wearing the AFO.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome measure was wear time measured objectively via accelerometer and subjectively via interview.ResultsPatients (n = 14) wore the AFO approximately 8 hours/day. Patients reported barriers such as challenges wearing the AFO during daily household activities (using stairs, being on uneven terrain), discomfort, clothing or footwear issues, and driving challenges. Positive effects of wearing the AFO were also reported, primarily the ability to walk further.ConclusionsAn AFO may be an acceptable therapeutic intervention to improve perceived walking performance in older adult males with PAD. Addressing participants' perceptions of the AFO and barriers to wear are essential to increasing the positive effect the device has on participants' ambulatory activity.
Therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin on chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve via the inhibition of Schwann cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Di , Chang Shiquan , Li Xin , Shi Huimei , Jing Bei , Chen Zhenni , Lin Yi , Zheng Yachun , Qian Guoqiang , Pan Yuwei , Zhao Guoping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTherapeutic drugs of chronic neuralgia have a high risk of addiction, making it crucial to identify novel drugs for chronic neuralgia. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin on chronic sciatica via inhibiting Schwann cell apoptosis. 28 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the sham operation group, chronic constriction injury (CCI) group, mecobalamin group, and paeoniflorin group. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of paeoniflorin were evaluated via rat and cell experiments. Mechanical, hot, or cold hyperalgesia was induced in the rats after CCI operation, while paeoniflorin relieved chronic neuralgia. Besides, paeoniflorin decreased the levels of IL1, IL6, TNF‐α, CRP, and LPS and increased the level of IL10 in serum. As for the sciatic nerve, the number of inflammatory cells was decreased, and Schwann cells were present after paeoniflorin treatment, and paeoniflorin promoted the recovery of nerve structure. In cell experiments, LPS induced Schwann cell apoptosis via the TLR4/NF‐kB pathway. And paeoniflorin attenuated LPS‐induced Schwann cell apoptosis by decreasing the levels of TLR4, p‐NF‐kB, caspase3, cleaved‐caspase3, and cleaved‐caspase7. Overall, these results suggest that paeoniflorin alleviates chronic sciatica by decreasing inflammatory factor levels and promotes the repair of damaged nerves by reducing Schwann cell apoptosis.
A green path towards sustainable development: Optimal behavior of the duopoly game model with carbon neutrality instruments
Authors: Hussain Jafar , Lee Chien‐Chiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon emission is a global issue, and China is facing many problems to resolve it, especially in emission‐generating companies (EGCs). To maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions for the well‐being of society, and carbon neutrality can play an important role. With China targeting the goal of carbon neutrality to reduce carbon emissions, this research aims to bridge the gap in the literature by considering carbon neutrality instruments in a duopoly market. The study sets up a mathematical model of the duopoly game to achieve desired objectives and then applies a simulation‐based optimization technique to examine the mathematical model under different experiments. After manipulating various scenarios to find the optimal values of carbon neutrality instruments, the results indicate that green bond provision, emission tax, and emission quota play a vital role in carbon neutrality. Different combinations of carbon neutrality instruments reduce various levels of carbon emissions. We further show that a combination of emission tax upon EGCs plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions during the fifth scenario. In the second scenario, a combination of green bond provision and emission tax reduces carbon emissions, but is lower than the fifth scenario. This research offers a reference for policymakers to move towards carbon neutrality, and it is beneficial for the government to decide the optimal values of carbon neutrality instruments.
Co‐Electrospun Silk Fibroin and Gelatin Methacryloyl Sheet Seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tendon Regeneration
Authors: Xue Yumeng , Kim Han‐Jun , Lee Junmin , Liu Yaowen , Hoffman Tyler , Chen Yi , Zhou Xingwu , Sun Wujin , Zhang Shiming , Cho Hyun‐Jong , Lee JiYong , Kang Heemin , Ryu WonHyoung , Lee Chang‐Moon , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Lei Bo , Lee KangJu , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) is a promising biomaterial for tendon repair, but its relatively rigid mechanical properties and low cell affinity have limited its application in regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, gelatin‐based polymers have advantages in cell attachment and tissue remodeling but have insufficient mechanical strength to regenerate tough tissue such as tendons. Taking these aspects into account, in this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is combined with SF to create a mechanically strong and bioactive nanofibrous scaffold (SG). The mechanical properties of SG nanofibers can be flexibly modulated by varying the ratio of SF and GelMA. Compared to SF nanofibers, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on SG fibers with optimal composition (SG7) exhibit enhanced growth, proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor production, and tenogenic gene expression behavior. Conditioned media from MSCs cultured on SG7 scaffolds can greatly promote the migration and proliferation of tenocytes. Histological analysis and tenogenesis‐related immunofluorescence staining indicate SG7 scaffolds demonstrate enhanced in vivo tendon tissue regeneration compared to other groups. Therefore, rational combinations of SF and GelMA hybrid nanofibers may help to improve therapeutic outcomes and address the challenges of tissue‐engineered scaffolds for tendon regeneration.
Sub‐1 nm MoC Quantum Dots Decorating N‐Doped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalysts of Flexible Hybrid Alkali–Acid Zn‐Quinone Battery
Authors: Cai Pingwei , Li Junwei , Huang Junheng , Chen Junxiang , Ding Yichun , Peng Xinxin , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of flexible energy devices is envisaged to revolutionize the next generation of the wearable electronics industry, the practical application yet faces critical issues of low power density, poor cycling stability, and low energy density. Herein, the authors report a newly flexible hybrid Zn‐quinone battery (h‐ZnQB) with acidic gel in the cathode and alkaline gel in the anode, in which proton (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH–) are served as the ion charge carriers for acidic quinone cathode and alkaline Zn anode. To this end, the nanohybrids of sub‐1 nm MoC quantum dots decorating nitrogen‐doped ultrathin graphene (MoC QDs/NG) are developed as the advanced cathode electrocatalysts toward redox conversion between quinone and hydroquinone (H2Q/Q). Comprehensive characterization studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that high valent Mo species originating from the size‐effects serve as the active sites for the conversion of H2Q/Q, contributing to the impressive catalytic performance. The as‐developed flexible h‐ZnQB displays a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.74 V with a specific capacity of 223.3 mAh g–1 and an energy density of 350 Wh kg–1 at 0.2 A g–1, thanks to the fast kinetics of charge carriers (H+ and OH–), the high activity of the catalyst, and the elaborate design of alkali–acid gel electrolytes.
Blockchain and IPFS‐based reliable land registry system
Authors: Banerjee Somesh , Kumar Khilesh , Masulkar Prajwal , Amin Ruhul , Dwivedi Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLand registration is a process of keeping track of landowners of existing land. Registration of land helps maintain proof of ownership and prevents illegal land possession. Land‐related conflicts are common in developing countries like India due to inconsistent data and transparency. The land ownership transfers also take a longer time than expected. This article presents a land registry system using blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology to overcome the mentioned problems. The land records will be immutable using blockchain, and nobody will forge them illegally. The system will be more transparent as all the users in the blockchain network can view the land and the owner's details before getting into ownership transfer. For maintaining the integrity of land and owner details, it will get stored in IPFS. The land transaction will be carried out via a smart contract. The smart contract checks whether all the entities agree with the transaction, and the money will get transferred within the described time limit. This proposed system will strengthen the land administration process by providing immutable and transparent land records. It will also speed up the registration process by a significant amount.
Numerical investigation on dynamic performance of reinforced ultra‐high ductile concrete–ultra‐high performance concrete panel under explosion
Authors: Liao Qiao , Xie Xingxing , Yu Jiangtao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra‐high ductile concrete (UHDC) is known for ultra‐high tensile ductility, and ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has ultra‐high compressive strength. Reinforced UHDC–UHPC panels that are made of UHDC and UHPC (i.e., hybrid panels) are expected to have excellent blast‐resistance capacity. However, only limited research is devoted to study the dynamic performance of the panels under explosion. To further investigate the dynamic performance of such kind of composite structural system, numerical simulations are carried out through LS‐DYNA. The developed material models are used for describing the mechanical properties of UHDC, UHPC and steel bars at high strain rate. Based on the corresponding field blast test results, the feasibility and accuracy of the adopted finite element models are validated. Furthermore, parameter analysis is applied for investigating the effects of scale distance, reinforcement ratio and concrete type on the dynamic performance. It is concluded that the maximum deflection of reinforced UHDC–UHPC panels reduces with increasing scale distance and reinforcement ratio. Reinforced UHDC–UHPC panels possess excellent blast‐resistance capacity in comparison with reinforced concrete panels.
Long-time tails in the SYK chain from the effective field theory with a large number of derivatives
Authors: Abbasi Navid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study nonlinear energy diffusion in the SYK chain within the framework of Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory. We analytically construct the corresponding effective action up to 40th order in the derivative expansion. According to this effective action, we calculate the first order loop correction of the energy density response function, whose pole is the dispersion relation of energy diffusion. As expected, the standard derivative expansion of the classical dispersion relation breaks down due to the long-time tails. However, we find that the nonlinear contributions are so that one can still derive the dispersion relation in the power series. In fact, due to the long-time tails, the classical dispersion relation is split into two series distinct from the derivative expansion, and we show they are convergent. The radius of convergence is proportional to the ratio of thermal conductivity to diffusion constant.
The use patterns of novel psychedelics: experiential fingerprints of substituted phenethylamines, tryptamines and lysergamides
Authors: Mallaroni P. , Mason N. L. , Vinckenbosch F. R. J. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Novel psychedelics (NPs) are an expanding set of compounds, presenting new challenges for drug policy and opportunities for clinical research. Unlike their classical derivatives, little is known regarding their use profiles or their subjective effects.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to compile usage patterns and adverse event rates for individual NPs belonging to each of three main psychedelic structural families. Targeting the most widely used representatives for each class, we expanded on their phenomenological distinctions.

Methods
A two-part survey was employed. We investigated the prevalence of novel phenethylamines, tryptamine and lysergamides in NP users (N = 1180), contrasting the type and incidence of adverse events (AEs) using a set of logistic regressions. Honing in on 2–4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-B) (48.6%), 1-propionyl-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD) (34.2%) and 4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT) (23.1%), we examined their phenomenological separability using a gradient boosting (XGBoost) supervised classifier.

Results
Novel phenethylamines had the highest prevalence of use (61.5%) seconded by tryptamines (43.8%) and lysergamides (42.9%). Usage patterns were identified for 32 different compounds, demonstrating variable dosages, durations and a common oral route of administration. Compared to phenethylamines, the odds for tryptamines and lysergamides users were significantly less for overall physical AEs. No significant differences in overall psychological AEs were found. Overall model area under the curve (AUC) stood at 0.79 with sensitivity (50.0%) and specificity (60.0%) for 2C-B ranking lowest.

Conclusion
NP classes may hold distinct AE rates and phenomenology, the latter potentially clouded by the subjective nature of these experiences. Further targeted research is warranted.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging radiomics features associated with hepatic encephalopathy in adult cirrhotic patients
Authors: Sparacia Gianvincenzo , Parla Giuseppe , Cannella Roberto , Mamone Giuseppe , Petridis Ioannis , Maruzzelli Luigi , Re Vincenzina Lo , Shahriari Mona , Iaia Alberto , Comelli Albert , Miraglia Roberto , Luca Angelo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potential complication of cirrhosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may demonstrate hyperintense T1 signal in theglobi pallidi. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of MRI-based radiomic features for diagnosing and grading chronic HE in adult patients affected by cirrhosis.MethodsAdult patients with and without cirrhosis underwent brain MRI with identical imaging protocol on a 3T scanner. Patients without history of chronic liver disease were the control population. HE grading was based on underlying liver disease, severity of clinical manifestation, and number of encephalopathic episodes. Texture analysis was performed on axial T1-weighted images on bilateral lentiform nuclei at the level of the foramina of Monro. Diagnostic performance of texture analysis for the diagnosis and grading of HE was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe final study population consisted of 124 patients, 70 cirrhotic patients, and 54 non-cirrhotic controls. Thirty-eight patients had history of HE with 22 having an HE grade > 1. The radiomic features predicted the presence of HE with an AUROC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.90;P < .0001; 82% sensitivity, 66% specificity). Radiomic features predicted grade 1 HE (AUROC 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89;P < .0001; 94% sensitivity, 60% specificity) and grade ≥ 2 HE (AUROC 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.93;P < .0001, 95% sensitivity, 57% specificity).ConclusionIn cirrhotic patients, MR radiomic is effective in predicting the presence of chronic HE and in grading its severity.
Life of double minutes: generation, maintenance, and elimination
Authors: Ilić Mila , Zaalberg Irene C. , Raaijmakers Jonne A. , Medema René H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have revealed a type of extrachromosomal DNA, historically named double minutes (also referred to as ecDNA), to be common in a wide range of cancer types, but not in healthy tissues. These cancer-associated circular DNA molecules contain one or a few genes that are amplified when double minutes accumulate. Double minutes harbor oncogenes or drug resistance genes that contribute to tumor aggressiveness through copy number amplification in combination with favorable epigenetic properties. Unequal distribution of double minutes over daughter cells contributes to intratumoral heterogeneity, thereby increasing tumor adaptability. In this review, we discuss various models delineating the mechanism of generation of double minutes. Furthermore, we highlight how double minutes are maintained, how they evolve, and discuss possible mechanisms driving their elimination.
Axonal injury is detected by βAPP immunohistochemistry in rapid death from head injury following road traffic collision
Authors: Al-Sarraj Safa , Troakes Claire , Rutty Guy N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of βAPP caused by axonal injury is an active energy-dependent process thought to require blood circulation; therefore, it is closely related to the post-injury survival time. Currently, the earliest reported time at which axonal injury can be detected in post-mortem traumatic brain injury (TBI) tissue by βAPP (Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein) immunohistochemistry is 35 min. The aim of this study is to investigate whether βAPP staining for axonal injury can be detected in patients who died rapidly after TBI in road traffic collision (RTC), in a period of less than 30 min.We retrospectively studied thirty-seven patients (group 1) died very rapidly at the scene; evidenced by forensic assessment of injuries short survival, four patients died after a survival period of between 31 min and 12 h (group 2) and eight patients between 2 and 31 days (group 3). The brains were comprehensively examined and sampled at the time of the autopsy, and βAPP immunohistochemistry carried out on sections from a number of brain areas.βAPP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 35/37 brains in group 1, albeit with a low frequency and in a variable pattern, and with more intensity and frequency in all brains of group 2 and 7/8 brains from group 3, compared with no similar βAPP immunoreactivity in the control group. The results suggest axonal injury can be detected in those who died rapidly after RTC in a period of less than 30 min, which can help in the diagnosis of severe TBI with short survival time.
Mechanical or thermal damage: differentiating between underlying mechanisms as a cause of bone fractures
Authors: S Divya , Krap Tristan , Duijst Wilma , Aalders Maurice C. G. , Oostra Roelof-Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To investigate the differences between pre- and post-fire fractures, 30 human forearm bones were subjected to either blunt-force impact, burning, or both. Bones, covered in soft tissue and wrapped in clothing, were burned in a reconstructed house fire. The burning context and dynamics led to differential burning, that was equal amongst the three groups. To evaluate the damage to the bones, a data collection sheet was developed based on the current literature on fracture features. To analyze the relation between exposure temperature and fracture class and occurrence, color was measured to estimate the exposure temperature. Observable and measurable changes on bone, and fracture surfaces, were macro- and microscopically analyzed. Many features overlapped between the three groups, and thus are not usable for differentiation. Fractures caused by blunt force impact (post-mortem, pre-fire) showed a rough fracture surface with smoothness in curved/slanted regions near the margin after burning, while heat-induced bone fractures showed a smooth fracture surface. The margins and surface of bone fractures that originated after the fire (indirect heat-induced) were evenly discolored, whereas heat-induced bone fractures showed uneven discoloration of the fracture margin and surface. Although there were generally more heat-induced fractures in the 450–700 °C range, no other distinctive trend was observed between exposure temperature and class of fractures.
Genome interpretation using in silico predictors of variant impact
Authors: Katsonis Panagiotis , Wilhelm Kevin , Williams Amanda , Lichtarge Olivier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEstimating the effects of variants found in disease driver genes opens the door to personalized therapeutic opportunities. Clinical associations and laboratory experiments can only characterize a tiny fraction of all the available variants, leaving the majority as variants of unknown significance (VUS). In silico methods bridge this gap by providing instant estimates on a large scale, most often based on the numerous genetic differences between species. Despite concerns that these methods may lack reliability in individual subjects, their numerous practical applications over cohorts suggest they are already helpful and have a role to play in genome interpretation when used at the proper scale and context. In this review, we aim to gain insights into the training and validation of these variant effect predicting methods and illustrate representative types of experimental and clinical applications. Objective performance assessments using various datasets that are not yet published indicate the strengths and limitations of each method. These show that cautious use of in silico variant impact predictors is essential for addressing genome interpretation challenges.