bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الاختصاص القضائي لدعوى إفلاس الشركة المعفاة
Authors: محمد جواد المولى نداء كاظم 
Published: August 2022

تعد الشركات المعفاة من الأنظمة القانونية الحديثة، حيث تسجل هذه الشركات في بلد، وتمارس نشاطها في آخر، ولها مركز إدارة رئيس ومركز نشاط فعلي، مما يوجد تنازع في الاختصاص القضائي، خاصة في حالة إفلاس تلك الشركات، لأن دفاترها التجارية وسجلاتها و أوراقها .. في مركز نشاطها الفعلي وهو البلد الذي تمارس فيه أغراض الشركة ونشاطها، وإدارتها المعنوية حيث تقدم الاستشارات لها والدراسات والتوجيه في بلد التأسيس والذي يعد مركز إدارتها.وتنص المادة ( 12 ) من القانون المدني الأردني على إن الشركة التي مركزها الرئيسي في الخارج ولها نشاط في الأردن فيعد المكان الذي توجد فيه إدارتها موطنا لها بالنسبة إلى ذلك النشاط.ومن المعلوم إن الموطن هو الذي يحدد اختصاص المحكمة التي تنظر المنازعات أو تشهر الإفلاس، إلا إن وجود الدفاتر والسجلات .. في مركز النشاط يبين حالة الشركة فيما إذا كانت مفلسة من عدمه، وبالتالي تكون تلك المحكمة الاقدر على اتخاذ قرار اشهار الإفلاس، أما مركز الإدارة الذي هو خارج نشاط الشركة المعفاة وهو في المملكة لايقدر على حسم الأمر، مع طبيعة قواعد الاختصاص التي هي من النظام العام التي لايمكن معها تحديد الاختصاص بالقياس ، ويصبح حريا بالمشرع في التدخل بنص صريح لتحديد المحكمة المختصة بنظر دعوى إفلاس الشركات المعفاة. companies exempted from the modern legal determinations in a certain country, operating in another, and has a head and Management Center, activity center, creates a conflict of jurisdiction, especially in the case of bankruptcy, because their books and records and business documents are in the country where its Physical activity center and the purposes of the company, its activities, and management offer consulting studies in the country of incorporation; which is considered the Centre of management. Article (12) of the Jordanian Civil Code states that if the company’s headquarters is abroad, and has activities in Jordan, then the location of the managed home and the presence of books and record of that activity, determines the jurisdiction of the Court which hears disputes or declared bankruptcy and shows the status of the company whether bankrupt or not, and therefore the best position to decide bankruptcy. But if he Administration Center of the exempted company's activity is outside the Kingdom, then the Kingdom cannot resolve the matter. The nature of the rules of jurisdiction which is of public order cannot identify measurable jurisdiction, becomes possible by the legislator to intervene in clear text to determine the competent court to hear bankruptcy offshore companies
التعويض عن الضرر البيئي
Authors: علي ابتهال زيد 
Published: August 2022

يقوم مفهوم التعويض على مبد أزاله الضرر البيئي الذي مس الآخرين , فذا تحقق الضرر البيئي ثبت حق المضرور في التعويض عنه, وان الهدف من التعويض في مجال الاضرار البيئية ليس جبر الضرر من طريق التعويض فحسب وانما هو الحد من الانتهاكات البيئية . فالضرر البيئي قد يصيب الاشخاص او ممتلكاتهم ,كما انه قد يصيب البيئة ذاتها. ومهما يكن الامر فالتعويض هو الاثر الذي يترتب على تحقيق المسؤولية. والتعويض طبقا للقواعد العامة للمسؤولية المدنية هو نوعين فقد يكون عينا او نقدا, الا انه اعطي للقاضي السلطة التقديرية في تحديد طريقة التعويض تبعا لطبيعة الضرر و احوال القضية.The concept of compensation on the principle of removing environmental damage who touched others , if proved to check environmental damage in the injured right for compensation , and that the goal of the compensation in the field of environmental damage is not environmental damage redress through compensation , but is the reduction of environmental violations . Environmental damage is may infect people or their property, as it may affect the environment itself. Whatever it Reparation is the effect which follows the achievement of responsibility. And compensation in accordance with the general rules of civil liability is of two types, it may be in cash or in kind, but he gave the judge discretion in determining the method of compensation depending on the nature of the damage and the conditions of the case.
SINDROM PRA MENSTRUASI DAN KESEHATAN MENTAL PADA REMAJA PUTRI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ping Maria Floriana , Natalia Elfina , Hat Bonifasius 
Published: August 2022

PMS menimbulkan tanda gejala tidak hanya secara fisik namun juga secara psikologis. Beberapa penelitian menemukan adanya keterkaitan antara gangguan psikologis seperti depresi dan menstruasi yang dialami oleh seorang wanita, Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode survey menggunakan instrument berupa Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk pengukuran skala PMS adalah “PING” pra menstrual syndrome scale dan DASS 21 digunakan sebagai alat ukur kesehatan mental remaja putri, 90 siswi SMP mengisi kuesioner yang dibagikan melalui formulir google. mayoritas responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 12 tahun sebanyak 42 orang (46,7%). Sebanyak 61 responden (67,8%) remaja mengalami depresi sedang, sebanyak 46 responden (51,1%) mengalami tingkat ansietas sangat berat dan sebanyak 23 reponden (25,6%) responden mengalami tingkat stres sedang. Mayoritas tingkat sindrom pra menstruasi yang dialami 43 responden (47,8%) adalah sedang.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara sindrom pra menstruasi dan masalah kesehatan mental pada remaja putri terutama pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan variasi rentang stres yang dialami adalah normal sampai dengan sangat berat, bahkan mayoritas responden mengalami tingkat stres normal dan ringan hal ini disebabkan pandemi COVID-19 yang telah berlangsung lebih dari satu tahun memungkinkan para remaja putri telah memiliki koping sendiri untuk mengatasi tekanan atau perubahan yang dialami misalnya tetap berkomunikasi menggunakan media sosial, mengganti aktivitas luar rumah menjadi aktivitas membantu ibu dirumah, menemukan hobi baru misalnya berolahraga didalam rumah atau belajar memasak, dengan kata lain mereka berusaha menyesuaikan diri mereka dengan perubahan yang terjadi.
Masker Peel-Off Kulit Buah Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) Sebagai Antiacne
Authors: Yuhara Novena Adi , Rawar Ellsya Angeline , Kristariyanto Yosua Adi 
Published: August 2022

Kulit buah jeruk purut (Cytrus Hystrix) biasa digunakan secara komersil sebagai perasa dan pengaroma karena minyak esensial memiliki kandungan hidrokarbon monoterpen, dengan komponen utama adalah β‐pinene (18.76%) dan limonene (30.73%) serta komponen lain yaitu terpinolene (4.33%), α‐terpinene (5.09%), γ‐terpinene (6.18%), terpineol (8.35%), dan terpinene 4 ol (10.63%). Jeruk purut memiliki efektivitas sebagai bakterisidal pada bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, 20 serotipe dari Salmonella dan juga bakteri lain yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada kulit seperti Staphylococcus epidermis dan Staphylococcus aureus. Jerawat atau acne vulgaris merupakan peradangan yang disertai penimbunan bahan keratin yang disebabkan karena adanya bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang menyebabkan penyumbatan pada polisebasea. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menformulasikan masker gel peel-off yang memiliki potensi anti bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sebagai salah satu pemicu timbulnya jerawat serta menguji sifat fisik sediaan. Formula gel peel-off dilakukan uji terhadap bakteri pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Evaluasi formula mencakup organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, kemampuan untuk mengering, dan uji daya sebar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk purt adalah sebesar 10% (1,0 cm), 15% (1,4 cm), 20% (1,7 cm), dan 25% (1,9 cm), kontrol positif (1,5 cm), kontrol negatif (0 cm). Meningkatnya konsentrasi menunjukkan meningkatnya kemampuan penghambatan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus serta uji fisik sediaan sesuai dengan literatur.
URBANISMO PARTICIPATIVO O URBANISMO DEMOCRÁTICO
Authors: Medina Jorge Minguet 
Published: August 2022

Desde el inicio de la crisis de 2008, se ha venido produciendo una expansión de los movimientos que ven en el urbanismo participativo la solución a buena parte de los problemas de la ciudad actual. Su despliegue ha sido tal que alcanza ya cotas de hegemonía. Este ensayo es un cuestionamiento, no ya de la originalidad, sino de la oportunidad e idoneidad de tales movimientos en la actualidad a la luz de su breve historia. Mediante la aplicación de un sistema de análisis genérico, se recorre la evolución de estos movimientos a lo largo de los ciclos económicos de crecimiento y crisis, desde su origen a principios de los sesenta. La aplicación de este método favorecerá el estudio de estos movimientos en el contexto evolutivo del urbanismo, revelando las reversiones y obliteraciones que han sufrido hasta su reemergencia en nuestros días, y ofreciéndonos un posicionamiento crítico frente a su actualidad. De Jacobs a Thatcher, a Blair y a la post-política de Rancière y Žižek, ésta es la historia de la desactivación del urbanismo participativo como elemento de subversión política.
A PLASTICIDADE DA METRÓPOLE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Alvarez Isabel Aparecida Pinto 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo parte do pressuposto de que os processos extremos na constituição da cidade estão relacionados ao aprofundamento da crise capitalista das últimas décadas e da necessidade de tornar plástica a materialidade que expressa a cidade, de modo que se possa garantir a produção e/ou circulação e valorização do capital, através da transformação do uso e do sentido dos lugares. Esta transformação pressupõe, ou a desvalorização de parcelas da metrópole, ou a negação da vida existente, do uso e do espaço produzido nas diferente faces da periferia. Desse modo, o uso da metrópole, até mesmo a partir de sua condição mais elementar, que é o habitar, está exposto à violência da lógica da produção de espaços produtivos, resultando na expulsão de milhares de habitantes, especialmente os mais pobres, para áreas cada vez mais distantes das centralidades de equipamentos, serviços públicos e comércio.
CRISE URBANA
Authors: Ribeiro Fabiana Valdoski 
Published: August 2022

Viver na cidade capitalista pressupõe uma permanente luta pelo espaço. Esta afirmação já revela a crise urbana na qual o processo de urbanização contemporâneo se assenta, pois é imposto à maioria daqueles que vivem nas cidades uma extrema expropriação da riqueza produzida socialmente, principalmente nos países da periferia do capitalismo. Até mesmo as conquistas levadas a cabo pelos movimentos sociais e organizativos após décadas de luta, como a segurança da posse, a moradia social ou os espaços culturais, padecem de um processo de precarização que impedem o alcance de sua manutenção ao longo do tempo, principalmente quando eles estão localizados em eixos de centralidade econômica. Orientados pela ótica da Geografia, propomos uma reflexão sobre alguns termos da crise urbana fundamentada na produção do espaço por entendê-la como central à reprodução da sociedade, tanto para realização dos processos de acumulação como para a reprodução da vida. Tal perspectiva se vincula a autores como Henri Lefebvre e Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos, que preconizam a ampliação da noção de que o espaço é condição, meio e produto da sociedade. E desvendar a sua produção significa alcançar os conteúdos atuais das contradições sociais. Nesse cenário e atendo em vista a metrópole de São Paulo (Brasil), apresentamos mais uma ação de expropriação sobre a favela Nova Guarapiranga, numa reiterada estratégia de remoção do poder público local. A mencionada favela revela uma história de reivindicações e conquistas de políticas públicas que tentam impedir a expulsão dos moradores, porém, no movimento da totalidade de reprodução da metrópole, o lugar se incorpora ao eixo de maior dinâmica de valorização – Vetor Sudoeste. Este fator gera ações estatais que promovem renovadas justificativas de expulsão dos moradores, estabelecendo novo conflito.
Implicit Biases in Transit Models Using Stellar Pseudo Density
Authors: Gilbert Gregory J. , MacDougall Mason G. , Petigura Erik A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The transit technique is responsible for the majority of exoplanet discoveries to date. Characterizing these planets involves careful modeling of their transit profiles. A common technique involves expressing the transit duration using a density-like parameter,

ρ

˜

, often called the “circular density.” Most notably, the Kepler project—the largest analysis of transit light curves to date—adopted a linear prior on

ρ

˜

. Here, we show that such a prior biases measurements of impact parameter, b, due to the nonlinear relationship between

ρ

˜

and transit duration. This bias slightly favors low values (b ≲ 0.3) and strongly disfavors high values (b ≳ 0.7) unless the transit signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient to provide an independent constraint on b, a criterion that is not satisfied for the majority of Kepler planets. Planet-to-star radius ratio, r, is also biased due to r − b covariance. Consequently, the median Kepler DR25 target suffers a 1.6% systematic underestimate of r. We present a techniques for correcting these biases and for avoiding them in the first place.
The Effect of Severe Contralateral Carotid Stenosis or Occlusion on Early Outcomes after Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Djedovic Muhamed , Hadzimehmedagic Amel , Granov Nermir , Haxhibeqiri-Karabdic Ilirijana , Štraus Slevenka , Banjanovic Bedrudin , Kabil Edin , Selimovic Tarik 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Stenosis of the carotid arteries, as a consequence of atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cerebrovascular insult (CVI). Severe (>70%) contralateral stenosis or occlusion (SCSO) of the carotid artery may represent an additional pre-operative risk factor for neurologic incidents.
AIM: The aim of this study was to confirm and compare early perioperative results (0-30 days) of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with and without SCSO.
PATIENT AND METHODS: In our retrospective-prospective study, we analysed the results of 273 CEA, divided into two groups based on the presence of significant contralateral stenosis or occlusion (non-SCSO and SCSO groups)
RESULTS: 273 CEA’s were performed, divided into two groups: SCSO groups 40 (14.7%) and non-SCSO group 233 (85.3%). Between the two groups, a statistically significant difference between patients was found (54.1% compared to 87.5%; p<0.0005), CEA with patch angioplasty (25.3% compared to 52.5%; p=0.001), and CEA with the use of a shunt (3.9% compared to 35%; p<0.0005) in favour of the SCSO group. There was no statistically significant difference (SCSO was not identified as a risk factor) for any type of stroke or mortality. Logistically regression confirmed SCSO to be an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR 21.58; 95% CI 1.27-36.3; p= 0.033) and any type of stroke or mortality (OR 9.27; 95% CI 1.61-53.22; p= 0.012). SCSO was not a predictor of any type of stroke within 30 days. Predictors of any type of stroke was dyslipidemia (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.76; p= 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of early (30 day) perioperative complications between the analysed groups. The percentage of perioperative complications remains within the accepted parameters, and thus, SCSO should not be qualified as a significant risk factor for CEA. We are of the opinion that CEA remains a safe and acceptable options for patients with SCSO, and SCSO should not be a reason for preferential use of carotid stenting.
Combination of catalytic ozonation and fungal bioremediation for treatment from effluent from the laminate production industry
Authors: Scherer Claudio Eduardo , Barreto-Rodrigues Marcio 
Published: August 2022

This study characterized and evaluated the potential of a combination of treatment strategies for the removal of phenolic compounds, color, and ecotoxicity of an effluent generated by a laminated wood industry. The characterization of a sample of the effluent generated by the pine lamination process collected in an industry in the Southwest region of the state of Paraná confirmed the potential impact of the effluent, with emphasis on the high content of phenolic compounds (1,530 ±50 mg/L), color (2,159 ±30 units), significant acute toxicity (63% mortality of microcrustaceans Artemia salina) and low biodegradability (BOD/COD=0.53), which, if eventually released into receiving bodies, can cause irreversible and harmful effects to the aquatic microbiota. The treatment processes studied in this work involved catalytic ozonation mediated by ferrous catalytic material based on steel scale and biological process with Pleurotus Florida fungi, evaluated in an individual way and sequentially integrated as follows: Catalytic ozonation>>biological process and vice-versa. The best results were obtained by applying the sequence "catalytic ozonation>>biological process", which resulted in reductions of 96.2% in soluble lignin concentrations, 93.3% in color units and more than 99% reduction in total phenols, in addition to a low mortality rate of A. salina (≈10%). In the integrated process, the application of catalytic ozonation before the biological process presents greater advantages because of the pre-decomposition process of recalcitrant compounds by the chemical action of catalytic ozonation, which can convert these compounds into biodegradable, facilitating the action of the biological process for the remediation of the effluent.
Keywords: fungi, ozonation, phenols, wood lamination.
Panorama of the water supply in the Campinas region and a brief comparison with other regions in the Southeast of Brazil
Authors: Fioravanti Maria Isabel Andrekowisk , Pereira Paulo Henrique Leuteviler , Camargo Laila Martins , Villela Gleize , Mazon Elaine Marra de Azevedo 
Published: August 2022

Access to drinking water is one of the most important factors for health. The lack of access to safe drinking water results in a high prevalence of infections, such as bacterial gastroenteritis and outbreaks of diarrhea. This study evaluated the quality of the public water supply in 42 municipalities located in the eastern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were investigated. Sample collection, preservation and analyses were carried out in accordance with national and international standards. The results demonstrated non-compliance with Brazilian legislation for apparent color (1.1%), turbidity (0.4%), fluoride content (14.2%), total coliforms (4.4%) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (0.4%). In a brief comparison with other studies in the southeastern region of Brazil, the highest percentage of unsatisfactory samples is due to the fact that fluorine is below the minimum of <0.6 ppm, demonstrating the need for training in the fluoridation process. The need to invest in the training of health surveillance teams to carry out field analyses (chlorine and pH) was also observed. This study can inform future actions, guiding the adoption of preventive and corrective measures and demonstrating the importance of monitoring water-supply quality.
Keywords: drinking water, public health, water quality.
Quantifying For-Profit Outcomes in GME: A Multispecialty Analysis of Board Certifying Examination Pass Rates in For-Profit Affiliated Residency Programs
Authors: Lassner Jared W. , Ahn James , Martin Shannon , McQueen Alisa , Kukulski Paul 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The number of for-profit hospitals has increased in the United States, but their role in and outcomes for graduate medical education (GME) are unclear.

Objectives
To describe for-profit involvement in internal medicine (IM), general surgery (GS), and pediatrics GME by quantifying change in for-profit affiliated residency programs and comparing for-profit and nonprofit affiliated program board certifying examination pass rates.

Methods
We used Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Medicare data to quantify for-profit prevalence in IM, GS, and pediatrics GME from 2001 to 2021. We used public pass rate data from the American Board of Surgeons (2017-2019; n=242 programs; 6562 examinees), American Board of Internal Medicine (2018-2020; n=465 programs; 23 922 examinees), and American Board of Pediatrics (2018-2020; n=202 programs; 9819 examinees) to model the relationship between profit status and pass rate within each specialty and across specialties combined using linear regression.

Results
The proportion of for-profit affiliated residency programs increased 400.0% in IM, 334.4% in GS, and 23.2% in pediatrics from 2001 to 2021. Bivariate linear regression revealed significantly lower pass rate in for-profit affiliated programs in IM β =-7.73, P&lt;.001), pediatrics (β =-14.6, P&lt;.001), and the 3 specialties combined (β =-5.45, P&lt;.001). Upon multiple regression with addition of program characteristic covariates, this relationship remained significant in pediatrics (β =-10.04, P=.006).

Conclusions
The proportion of for-profit affiliated residency programs has increased in IM, GS, and pediatrics from 2001 to 2021. After controlling for covariates, for-profit affiliated programs were associated with lower board examination pass rates in pediatrics with no association in IM, GS, or the combined measure.
Family Medicine Residencies: How Rural Training Exposure in GME Is Associated With Subsequent Rural Practice
Authors: Russell Deborah J. , Wilkinson Elizabeth , Petterson Stephen , Chen Candice , Bazemore Andrew 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Rural US populations face a chronic shortage of physicians and an increasing gap in life expectancy compared to urban US populations, creating a need to understand how to increase residency graduates' desire to practice in such areas.

Objective
This study quantifies associations between the amount of rural training during family medicine (FM) residencies and subsequent rural work.

Methods
American Medical Association (AMA) Masterfile, AMA graduate medical education (GME) supplement, American Board of Family Medicine certification, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital costs data were merged and analyzed. Multiple logistic regression measured associations between rural training and rural or urban practice in 2018 by all 12 162 clinically active physicians who completed a US FM residency accredited by the ACGME between 2008 and 2012. Analyses adjusted for key potential confounders (age, sex, program size, region, and medical school location and type) and clustering by resident program.

Results
Most (91%, 11 011 of 12 162) residents had no rural training. A minority (14%, 1721 of 12 162) practiced in a rural location in 2018. Residents with no rural training comprised 80% (1373 of 1721) of those in rural practice in 2018. Spending more than half of residency training months in rural areas was associated with substantially increased odds of rural practice (OR 5.3-6.3). Only 4% (424 of 12 162) of residents spent more than half their training in rural locations, and only 5% (26 of 436) of FM training programs had residents training mostly in rural settings or community-based clinics.

Conclusions
There is a linear gradient between increasing levels of rural exposure in FM GME and subsequent rural work.