bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 334-year coral record of surface temperature and salinity variability in the greater Agulhas Current region
Authors: Zinke Jens , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Rühs Siren , Pfeiffer Miriam , Grab Stefan , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Biastoch Arne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The Agulhas Current (AC) off the southern tip of Africa is one of the
strongest western boundary currents and a crucial choke point of inter-ocean
heat and salt exchange between the Indian Ocean and the southern Atlantic Ocean.
However, large uncertainties remain concerning the sea surface temperature
(SST) and salinity (SSS) variability in the AC region and their driving
mechanisms over longer timescales, due to only short observational datasets being available and
the highly dynamic nature of the region. Here, we present an annual coral
skeletal Sr/Ca composite record paired with an established composite oxygen
isotope record from Ifaty and Tulear reefs in southwestern Madagascar to
obtain a 334-year (1661–1995) reconstruction of δ18Oseawater changes related to surface salinity variability in
the wider Agulhas Current region. Our new annual δ18Oseawater composite record from Ifaty traces surface salinity
of the southern Mozambique Channel and AC core region from the SODA
reanalysis between 1958 and 1995. δ18Oseawater appears to be
mainly driven by large-scale wind forcing in the southern Indian Ocean on
interannual to decadal timescales. The δ18Oseawater and SST at Ifaty show characteristic interannual variability of between 2 and 4 years and interdecadal variability of 8 to 16 years, coherent with El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) records. Lagged correlations with the
multivariate ENSO index reveals a 1–2-year lag of δ18Oseawater and salinity at Ifaty and the AC region, suggesting
that propagation of anomalies by ocean Rossby waves may contribute to
salinity changes in the wider southwestern Indian Ocean. The δ18Oseawater and SST reconstructions at Ifaty reveal the highest
interannual variability during the Little Ice Age, especially around 1700 CE, which is in agreement with other Indo-Pacific coral studies. Our study
demonstrates the huge potential to unlock past interannual and decadal
changes in surface ocean hydrology and ocean transport dynamics from coral
δ18Oseawater beyond the short instrumental record.
Samani Hanedanlığı Kubbesi Altında Fikirler, İnançlar ve Matürîdî
Authors: MACİT Nadim 
Published: June 2022

Abbasi Devleti’nin çevreyi kontrol etme gücünün zayıflamasına paralel olarak müstakil hanedanlıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlardan birisi de Mâverâünnehir ve Horasan coğrafyasında hâkimiyeti ele geçiren Sâmânî Hanedanlığıdır. Merkezi gücün dağılma sürecine girdiğini fark eden Sâmânî Hanedanlığı varlığını sürdürmek için farklılıkları bünyesinde tutma esasına dayalı yönetim sistemini uygular. Farklı inanç ve felsefi telakkilerin yer bulmasına zemin oluşturur. Verimli topraklar ve ipek yolu üzerinde kurduğu hâkimiyet sayesinde ise bölgeyi ticaret merkezine dönüştürür. Bu başarı, Sâmânî kubbesi altında farklı inançların ve fikirlerin yer bulmasına, bilimsel tartışmaların yapılmasına gelişmesine zemin oluşturur. Ne var ki gerek bölgenin jeopolitik konumu gerekse iktidar mücadelesinin uzantısı olan taht kavgaları, iç isyanlar, çevresel güç mücadelesi Hanedanlığı iç tüketim katmanına sürüklemiştir.
Hayatının yaklaşık 69 yılını Sâmânî Hanedanlığı kubbesi altında geçiren Ebu Mansûr Mâtürîdî (852 -944) dönemin en önemli düşünürüdür. Sünni anlayışın akılcı boyutunu temsil eder. Mâtürîdî’nin özgünlüğünü rahat ve müreffeh ortama, fikri tartışmaların düşük seviyede seyrettiği tezine bağlayan görüş gerçeği yansıtmamaktadır. Fikri derinliği, geliştirdiği anlama ve yorumlama yöntemi, tartıştığı konuların ilmi niteliği, aşırı görüşlere karşı verdiği mücadele önemli bir bilgin olduğunu gösterir. Bu fikri derinliğin ve özgünlüğün tarihi süreçte “kayıp olduğu” ve adının gereği gibi anılmadığı bir gerçektir. Bunun sebebi, Bağdat ve Basra’nın, Semerkant’tan daha önemli ilim merkezi olduğu, değildir. Çünkü bu dönemde entellektüel sermayenin yer değiştirdiğini gösteren birçok veri bulunmaktadır. Temel sebep, bölgede etkin olan iktidar-yorum ilişkisidir. İslam coğrafyasında bir önermenin içeriğini ilim değil, iktidar belirler. Görüşlerinden dolayı siyasî destek göremeyen Mâtürîdî merkezin dışına atılmıştır.
C14: Impact de la cytoréduction tumorale dans la prise en charge du cancer de la prostate métastatique au CHU Aristide le Dantec
Authors: Ze Ondo C , Sine B , Sarr A , Sow O , Sow Y , Ndoye A K 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION : Le but était d’évaluer les résultats oncologiques et l’impact de la cytoréduction tumorale sur la survie des patients ayant un cancer de la prostate métastatique. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective s'étalant sur une période de deux ans entre le 1er Janvier 2017 et le 31 Décembre 2019. Nous avons inclus 102 cas de cancer de la prostate métastatique hormonosensible. Les patients ont été divisés en un groupe 1 composés de 57 patients avec une suppression androgénique (SA) exclusive et, un groupe 2 constitués de 45 patients avec une SA associée à une chirurgie de désobstruction cervico-urétrale par voie endoscopique (RTUP) ou par voie ouverte (ECP). Nous avons comparé les deux groupes en utilisant les paramètres suivants : la PSA nadir, le délai d’atteinte du nadir de PSA, la survie globale (SG) et la survie sans progression (SSP). RESULTATS : Le nadir moyen du PSA était inférieur pour le groupe 2 (16,8 ± 1,6 ng/ml avec des extrêmes de 0,01 et 193,5 ng/ml) par rapport au groupe 1 (110,7 ± 17,9 ng/ml avec des extrêmes de 0,01 et 1.379 ng/ml). Le délai médian d’atteinte du PSA nadir était plus court chez les patients du groupe 1 (huit mois) que chez les patients du groupe 2 (trois mois) (p=0,025). La SG médiane était plus courte chez les patients du groupe 1 par rapport aux patients du groupe 2 (respectivement 14 et 24 mois ; p=0,03). La SSP était plus longue dans le groupe 2 comparée au groupe 1 (SSP médiane égale à 43 contre 20 mois). CONCLUSION : La cytoréduction tumorale a eu un impact positif sur les résultats oncologiques et la survie des patients avec un cancer de la prostate métastatique sous SA.
C9: Endoscopie urinaire : bilan de six mois d’activité au CHU Kara (Togo)
Authors: Kpatcha T M , Sikpa K H , Botcho G , Sewa E V , Tengue K 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION : Le CHU de Kara a acquis une colonne d’endoscopie en Février 2021, ce qui a permis le démarrage de la chirurgie et des explorations endoscopiques urinaires dans cette structure du nord du Togo. L’objectif de l’étude était de faire une évaluation des six premiers mois d’activité endoscopique urinaire dans le service d’urologie au CHU de Kara. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective descriptive incluant tous les patients traités par une exploration endoscopique ou une chirurgie endoscopique durant la période d’étude (Février à Juillet 2021) dans le service d’urologie du CHU de Kara. Le matériel d’étude était le registre du bloc opératoire et les dossiers des patients. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l’âge, le sexe, le motif de l’intervention endoscopique, le geste endoscopique réalisé, les complications per- et post-opératoires. Les données ont été analysées par Excel©. RESULTATS : En six mois, 30 patients ont été traités par endoscopie. L’âge moyen était de 63,4 ans avec une prédominance masculine (sex-ratio=7,5). Les indications étaient dominées par l’hypertrophie prostatique. Les gestes endoscopiques réalisés étaient six endoscopies exploratrices (cystoscopies diagnostiques), deux montées d’endoprothèse urétérale, 20 résections endoscopiques de prostate (RTUP) et deux résections endoscopiques de vessie (RTUV). Aucune complication per-opératoire n’a été observée ; en post-opératoire, la seule complication était un saignement par chute d’escarre survenu neuf jours après une RTUP. CONCLUSION : Les premiers résultats de l’exploration et de la chirurgie endoscopiques au CHU de Kara sont encourageants.
Sketching and verbal self‐explanation: Do they help middle school children solve science problems?
Authors: Miller‐Cotto Dana , Booth Julie L. , Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoth sketching and self‐explanation are widely believed to be effective for problem‐solving in science learning. However, it is unclear which aspects of these strategies promote learning and how they might interact. Compared to a read‐only baseline, we examined the impact of instructing 11‐year‐old students to solve science problems to sketch, self‐explain, or both. Problems were either high spatial or low spatial. We coded elements and relations in their sketches and think‐alouds. Self‐explanation led to greater accuracy on problems, but only when used alone. Sketching had no effect, although showing more elements and relations in sketches was associated with higher accuracy and occurred more often for high spatial problems. Students may be more comfortable with self‐explanation than with sketching and require encouragement or specific instruction to use sketching routinely for the benefits hypothesized to be associated with sketching to appear.
Self‐Powered Intelligent Buoy Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Level Alarming
Authors: Liang Xi , Liu Shijie , Ren Zewei , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith increasing global warming, catastrophic floods have threatened people's lives seriously and caused huge economic losses. However, present water hazard alarming systems generally rely on commercial batteries, limiting the intelligent development of disaster prevention planning and maintenance costs. In order to break the limitation, this work applies triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to water hazard alarming. A spherical TENG device with four spiral units is designed to harvest water wave energy, and charge excitation modules (CEMs) are created and integrated with the TENG to improve its electric output. The output current and output power of the spherical TENG with CEMs can reach 15.09 mA and 24.48 mW, which are increased by 250.5 and 4.0 times, compared to the TENG without CEMs. Based on the charge excitation TENG, a self‐powered intelligent buoy is constructed. Utilizing the buoy to transmit 433 MHz radio frequency signals to 25 meters away, a water level alarm system and a water level information exchange system with a mobile phone are successfully realized. This work extends applications of TENGs toward water wave energy harvesting and provides a new strategy for water hazard alarming, which is conducive to the fields of carbon neutralization, Internet of Things, and disaster prevention.
3D Printed Microstructures Erasable by Darkness
Authors: Gauci Steven C. , Gernhardt Marvin , Frisch Hendrik , Houck Hannes A. , Blinco James P. , Blasco Eva , Tuten Bryan T. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo advance the applications of direct laser writing (DLW), adaptability of the printed structure is critical, prompting a shift toward printing structures that are comprised of different materials, and/or can be partially or fully erased on demand. However, most structures that contain these features are often printed by complex processes or require harsh developing techniques. Herein, a unique photoresist for DLW is introduced that is capable of printing 3D microstructures that can be erased by exposure to darkness. Specifically, microstructures based on light‐stabilized dynamic materials are fabricated that remain stable when continously irradiated with green light, but degrade once the light source is switched off. The degradation and light stabilization properties of the printed materials are analyzed in‐depth by time‐lapse scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that these resists can be used to impart responsive behavior onto the printed structure, and –critically– as a temporary locking mechanism to control the release of moving structural features.
Macrocyclic Confined Purely Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Three‐Photon Targeted Imaging
Authors: Shen Fang‐Fang , Liu Zhixue , Yu Hua‐Jiang , Wang Haoran , Xu Xiufang , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA purely organic supramolecular assembly emitting three‐photon room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is constructed from a macrocyclic host, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and 4‐bromophenyl pyridine salt having an alkyl chain length of 6 or 12 carbon atoms (6C and 12C, respectively). Benefiting from macrocyclic host confined guests, the encapsulation of 12C and 6C in the CB[8] cavity results in three‐photon absorption and subsequent near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescence emission. Notably, secondary assembly with sulfonated β‐cyclodextrin (SCD) further enhances the phosphorescence emission of the multilevel supramolecular assembly. NIR‐delayed fluorescence via a light‐harvesting phosphorescent energy transfer system is achieved by adding Nile blue as a substrate. Comparison of 12C/CB[8]/SCD and 6C/CB[8]/SCD shows that a long hydrophobic layer is more conducive to stabilizing NIR‐delayed fluorescence emission. These findings indicate that multilevel supramolecular assemblies can be used for three‐photon‐excited NIR‐delayed fluorescence and RTP imaging of cancer cells, which greatly expands the biological applications of pure organic RTP materials.
Heat and Temperature Localization via Fabry–Pérot Resonances at the Tip of a Nanofocusing Cone
Authors: Cunha Joao , Alabastri Alessandro , Proietti Zaccaria Remo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanofocusing of electromagnetic (EM) energy is an emblematic effect that guides EM energy along plasmonic conical structures, effectively focusing it at its nanometer‐sized extremity. However, EM energy nanofocusing could also be accompanied by (often disregarded) heating. Here, rigorous 3D finite element method simulations of a plasmonic conical structure were performed with a finite‐size apex excited by a continuous wave radially polarized beam over visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. Together with broadband nanofocusing the presence of narrowband Fabry–Pérot (FP) like resonances is demonstrated. Importantly, FP‐like resonances yield strong temperature localization that adds to the broadband nanofocusing component, providing an extra degree of freedom in tuning the temperature localization through proper selection of the structure dimensions suitable for applications in Raman, electron emission spectroscopies or sharp‐tip nanofabrication strategies.
Observation of Emergent Dirac Physics at the Surfaces of Acoustic Higher‐Order Topological Insulators
Authors: Meng Fei , Lin Zhi‐Kang , Li Weibai , Yan Peiguang , Zheng Yun , Li Xinping , Jiang Jian‐Hua , Jia Baohua , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing 3D sonic crystals as acoustic higher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs), 2D surface states described by spin‐1 Dirac equations at the interfaces between the two sonic crystals with distinct topology but the same crystalline symmetry are discovered. It is found that the Dirac mass can be tuned by the geometry of the two sonic crystals. The sign reversal of the Dirac mass reveals a surface topological transition where the surface states exhibit zero refractive index behavior. When the surface states are gapped, 1D hinge states emerge due to the topology of the gapped surface states. The zero refractive index behavior and the emergent topological hinge states are confirmed experimentally. This study reveals a multidimensional Wannier orbital control that leads to extraordinary properties of surface states and unveils an interesting topological mechanism for the control of surface waves.
Bifunctional Passivation through Fluoride Treatment for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Jiyao , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Liu Yanliang , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the low formation energy, surface defects are more likely to form on the surface of TiO2 films, resulting in a decline in the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, defects on the bottom surface of the perovskite layer in contact with TiO2 play a key role in Voc (open circuit voltage) loss and the PSC degradation process. Therefore, to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs, it is critical to develop a reproducible and low‐cost method for passivating the defects on both the TiO2 surface and on the bottom surface of the perovskite layer. In this work, fluoride is utilized as a bifacial contact passivation agent for decreasing the number of defects on the TiO2 surface and the bottom surface of the perovskite layer. PSC efficiency can be significantly increased from 21.3% to 23.7% with fluoride passivation. In addition, the long‐term stability of PSCs, especially light irradiation stability, can be markedly improved. The passivation effects of fluoride treatment on TiO2 films are studied by theoretical calculation and experimental characterization. This work provides a thorough understanding of the TiO2/perovskite interface and demonstrates an approach for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Chemical cues of identity and reproductive status in Japanese macaques
Authors: Rigaill Lucie , Vaglio Stefano , Setchell Joanna M. , Suda‐Hashimoto Naoko , Furuichi Takeshi , Garcia Cécile 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOlfactory communication plays an important role in the regulation of socio‐sexual interactions in mammals. There is growing evidence that both human and nonhuman primates rely on odors to inform their mating decisions. Nevertheless, studies of primate chemical ecology remain scarce due to the difficulty of obtaining and analyzing samples. We analyzed 67 urine samples from five captive female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and 30 vaginal swabs from three of these females using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and examined the relationship between odor (compounds identified, richness, intensity, and diversity) and female identity as well as cycle phase. We found a total of 36 urine compounds of which we identified 31, and 68 vaginal compounds of which we identified 37. Our results suggest that urine and vaginal odor varied more between individuals than within cycle phases. However, we found that within a female cycle, urine samples from similar phases may cluster more than samples from different phases. Our results suggest that female odor may encode information about identity (vaginal and urine odor) and reproductive status (urine odor). The question of how conspecifics use female urine and vaginal odor remains open and could be tested using bioassays. Our results and their interpretation are constrained by our limited sample size and our study design. Nonetheless, our study provides insight into the potential signaling role of female odor in sexual communication in Japanese macaques and contributes to our understanding of how odors may influence mating strategies in primates.
Ein adaptiver Rhodiumkatalysator zur Steuerung des Hydrierungsnetzwerks von Nitroarenen
Authors: Chugh Vishal , Chatterjee Basujit , Chang Wei‐Chieh , Cramer Hanna H. , Hindemith Carsten , Randel Helena , Weyhermüller Thomas , Farès Christophe , Werlé Christophe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEs wird ein adaptives katalytisches System vorgestellt, das die Kontrolle über das Nitroaren‐Hydrierungsnetzwerk zur Herstellung einer breiten Palette von Anilin‐ und Hydroxylaminderivaten ermöglicht. Dieses System profitiert von einem delikaten Zusammenspiel zwischen einem Rhodium(III)‐Zentrum und einem Lewis‐sauren Boran, das in die sekundäre Koordinationssphäre des Metalls eingeführt wird. Die hohe Chemoselektivität des Katalysators in Anwesenheit verschiedener potenziell angreifbarer funktioneller Gruppen und seine Bereitschaft, im präparativen Maßstab eingesetzt zu werden, veranschaulichen seine Praxistauglichkeit. Mechanistische Studien und Methoden der Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) wurden eingesetzt, um die Funktionsweise des Katalysators zu untersuchen und den Ursprung der Adaptivität zu klären. Die Konkurrenz zwischen einem Lösungsmittelmolekül und einem Substrat um die Wechselwirkung mit Bor erwies sich als entscheidend für die Adaptivität. Bei der Reaktion in THF stoppt das Reduktionsnetzwerk an der Hydroxylamin‐Plattform, während die Reaktion in Toluol auf die Anilin‐Plattform gelenkt werden kann.
Enantioselective Three‐Component Photochemical 1,4‐Bisalkylation of 1,3‐Butadiene with Pd/Cu Catalysis
Authors: Yu Huimin , Zhang Qinglong , Zi Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCatalysis by excited‐state palladium has emerged as an active area of research, but controlling the enantioselectivity remains a challenge. Herein, we report the use of synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis to accomplish the first three‐component photochemical 1,4‐bisalkylation reactions of 1,3‐butadiene. Consequently, α‐amino acid esters bearing quaternary stereocenters were expeditiously synthesized from three simple starting materials: an alkyl bromide, butadiene, and an aldimine ester. Experimental and computational investigation of the reaction mechanism confirmed a radical pathway involving catalysis by an excited‐state palladium species. The stereochemistry is mainly controlled by the chiral Cu catalyst.
Mesityl‐Functionalized Multi‐Resonance Organoboron Delayed Fluorescent Frameworks with Wide‐Range Color Tunability for Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Yuewei , Dai Hengyi , Li Guomeng , Liu Meihui , Meng Guoyun , Zeng Xuan , Huang Tianyu , Wang Lu , Peng Qian , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolycyclo‐heteraborin multi‐resonance (MR) emitters are promising for high color‐purity organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, unlike the most common heteroatom ternary‐doped (X/B/N) frameworks, a binary‐doped (B/N) skeleton is reported with a large energy band for wide‐range color tunability. Based on this parent‐segment, a “one‐pot” catalyst‐free borylation method is developed which generates deep blue to pure green MR emitters from readily available starting materials, with peaks at 426–532 nm and full‐width‐at‐half‐maxima of 27–38 nm. Impressively, a maximum external quantum efficiency of nearly 40 % is recorded for the corresponding device with Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.16), representing the state‐of‐the‐art performances. This work presents a new paradigm and synthesis of B/N‐doped MR emitters and will motivate the study of other novel frameworks.
Pathways towards High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Yang Wuhai , Yang Huijun , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn increasingly growing market for electricity energy will be projected to double by 2050. Renewable energies, such as solar and wind, can be an effective way to address the challenge. However, the incompatibility between generation and consumption of electricity arises a considerable trouble when a huge amount of electricity coming from renewable sources finds no users, which could result in miserable failure of an aging grid. To secure the grid, the utilization and development of efficient energy storage technologies are highly demanded. Among the energy storage system (ESS), aqueous Zinc (Zn) batteries based organic material cathode have been regarded as an attractive candidate on account of its outstanding superiorities compared with inorganic compounds. Although it has gained huge success in lab‐scale, the long‐standing challenges like inferior energy density, low power density, narrow operation temperature range and poor cycling life still restrict their practical application in aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs). In this minireview, we firstly provide a comprehensive insight into the different storage mechanisms that are proposed in varieties of organic cathodes. Based on the clear understanding on mechanisms, we further summarize the major progress and offer several promising research directions on promoting electrochemical performance of Zn‐organic batteries.