bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction, purification, characterization, and α-amylase inhibition of C- Phycocyanin from Dolichospermum spiroides
Authors: Sanniyasi Elumalai , Jayachandran Sharath , Gopal Rajesh Kanna , Rajesh Damodharan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Phycocyanin is a phycobiliprotein pigment synthesized by cyanobacteria to protect the light-harvesting complex from the high intensity of light during photosynthesis. Intriguingly, it has a wide range of biotechnological applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and food-grade pigments based on their purity. Phycocyanin is a highly antioxidant water-soluble pigment with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Phycocyanin from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) has been reported to possess antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme both in vitro and in vivo. In our present study, C-phycocyanin was extracted and purified from the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum spiroides with a purity of 1.2, and 3.5 after column chromatographic purification with a molecular weight of 16 kDa. Based on protein mass fingerprinting, it has about 45% amino acid sequence similarity with the C-PC of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The C-PC of D. spiroides has a maximum inhibition of 90% at 250 µg/mL of α-amylase enzyme. At the same concentration of the standard drug acarbose, which attained only 80% of α-amylase inhibition. As a result, the IC50 value of C-PC from D. spiroides was 162.16 ± 0.63 µg/mL, and acarbose was 205.86 ± 0.53 µg/mL. Therefore, the alpha-amylase inhibition of phycocyanin was higher than that of the standard drug acarbose. Hence, it is clear that the C-PC of D. spiroides has anti-diabetic activity.
The Psychological Pathways to Substance Use in Adolescence: A Study in a Adolescent Therapeutic Community
Authors: Pinto Mara , Pinto Tiago , Coelho Nélson , Couto Sérgio , Silva João Pedro , Monteiro Ana Luísa , Romão Bárbara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives: a) To characterize the previous substance use of institutionalized adolescents in two therapeutic communities in the north of the Portugal; b) to assess the existence and explore the relationships of internalizing/externalizing problems, strengths and difficulties, self-esteem and subjective well-being of those adolescents.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out in two therapeutic communities. Participants completed five questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST); the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI).
Results: All 67 participants self-reported previous tobacco use, followed by cannabis (98.5%), alcohol (97%), stimulants (64.2%), and other substances with lower ASSIST risk scores. Inferential analysis revealed that girls had significantly better results in the Total SDQ than boys (18.7±4.75 vs. 15.1±5.52, p=0.027), which was not observed in the RSES and PWI. There were positive correlations between SDQ conduct problems and cannabis and opiods use; SDQ peers problems and sedatives and hallucinogens use; and SDQ total difficulties and cannabis.
Discussion/Conclusions: Our participants self-reported substance use of greater magnitude and severity compared to those obtained in studies with students of the same age. Our results seem to suggest that substance use is associated with behavior difficulties. Several factors may be contributing toward the normative self-esteem and subjective wellbeing levels, including individual coping strategies and positive relationships of the adolescent at risk with educators. This work highlights the importance of characterizing the strengths and difficulties of this population and develop multidisciplinary support and treatment plans adjusted to their needs.
The long way to tax transparency: lessons from the early publishers of country-by-country reports
Authors: Godar Sarah , Aliprandi Giulia , Faccio Tommaso , Janský Petr 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyse a hand-collected sample of voluntarily published country-by-country reports (CbCRs) of ten multinational enterprises (MNEs). We assess the value added and the limitations of qualitative and quantitative information provided in the reports based on a comparison to individual MNEs’ annual financial reports and aggregate CbCR data provided by the OECD. We find that early publishers of CbCRs do not double-count profits by including intra-company dividends but that the inclusion of equity-accounted participation results may bias tax risk indicators as they account for up to 30% of profits or 10% on average. Our sample MNEs seem to pay higher effective tax rates than the global average and many of them report relatively little profit in tax havens. We only find a very weak correlation of the location of profits and effective tax rates. This might indicate that more tax transparent MNEs avoid taxes less aggressively. However, our assessment of different tax risk indicators reveals important variations between companies.
An Integrated Method for multi-attribute group decision-making based on the linguistic Z-number and MSM operators
Authors: Chen Bo , Cai Qiang , Wei Guiwu , Mo Zhiwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper mainly researches OWA operator and its combination with MSM operator under the environment of linguistic Z-number (LZN). For the weight of data, this paper gives consideration to both the preference of attributes and the distribution of data itself, gives the interval distribution induced OWA operator (IDIOWA), and combines the weight of attributes to obtain the LZIDIHWA operator in LZN environment. Then, it introduces some good properties of this operator. At the same time, the LZIDIWMSM operator is obtained by combining LZIDIOWA operator with the LZWMSM operator, which makes up for the defect that LZWMSM cannot be used for data integration alone. Finally, the two operators are used for multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM), and their effectiveness is verified by comparative analysis.
Identification of aerobic glycolysis-related prognosis signature for predicting overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Deng Jingduo , Wu Yinbing , Yang Bin , Chen Zhi , Xu Shuijing , Cheng Yuan , Zhu Canhua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Aerobic glycolysis is a hall marker of cancers and involves tumor initiation, development, therapeutic response, and prognosis. Therefore, we explored the role, molecular mechanisms, and prognostic values of aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
The mRNA expression profile and corresponding clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. And the aerobic glycolysis-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The differentially expressed ARGs were identified and then constructed the aerobic glycolysis-related signature for prognosis prediction. The risk score and model were established, and the correlation between risk score and transcriptomic features, immune characteristics, and responses to therapeutic was investigated.
Characterizing the influence of various RF powers of Sputtering system on the electrical properties of Ni-DLC semiconductor thin films
Authors: Nia Elnaz Mohammadi , Elahi Hossein , Elahi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Nickel nanoparticles doped amorphous diamond-like carbon were sputtered by the RF-PECVD technique in different applied powers. Subsequently, the Effect of increasing RF power on the surface texture and conduction mechanism was analyzed and reported. EDAX spectroscopy implies the growth of nickel and carbon content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that the nanoparticles of Ni-DLC within the increasing applied power were more agglomerated and homogenized. Electrical measurements were done to launch a full investigation into the charge transport mechanism of films and determine the type of transportation mechanism in the temperature range from 123 K to 573 K. Based on the electrical properties, using the Arrhenius model in the high-temperature ranges from 573 K to ~ 380 K, S3 samples have a minimum value of inter-band activation energy about of 6 meV, indicating more conduction due to more nickel content compared to the other samples which can be a reason based on an argument that the nickel content could be controlled by regulating different RF applying deposition power, while in low-temperature range the conduction mechanism follows a phonon-assistant hopping. This research revealed that in Ni:a-C:H semiconductor thin films the adopted mechanism in the low-temperature region (VRH conduction mechanism) is different from the high-temperature one (band-to-band conduction) and changes from the VRH to the band-to-band conduction with rising temperature. Furthermore, by increasing the nickel content, the hopping distance was reduced in the samples.
Mechanical damage mechanism of saturated red clay under acidic conditions
Authors: Xiao Guiyuan , Wang Jian , Xu Guangli , zhang liming , liu wei , Fang Yukai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the damage regularity of saturated red clay under acidic conditions was investigated. The red clay was configured with different concentrations of acid solution (pH = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7), and a consolidated undrained triaxial test (CU), scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were conducted to derive the mechanical damage law of acid on red clay in combination with the Mohr-Coulomb damage criterion. The stress-strain relationship of red clay under different circumferential pressure and acid concentration was determined to be strain-hardening; the original cementing material eroded under strong acid, and the connections between particles were broken to form a "gully". The colloidal material in the red clay dissolved with the increase in acid concentration, destroying the original structure of the soil and producing a large number of pores, which increased the damage. The linkage strength between soil particles, therefore, gradually decreased, the soil particles became more dispersed, and the strength of the soil decreased, i.e., the damage to red clay increased.
Influence of Process Parameters on Specific Wear Rate of nano Al 2 O 3 reinforced Al Composite Using Taguchi’s Technique
Authors: Rumi Md Jalal Uddin , Rahman Muhammad Muzibur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aluminum is widely used in many engineering fields for its
exceptional qualities. However, aluminum has poorer wear
characteristics. The aim of the investigation was to study the
effect of process parameters on the wear properties of nano
Al2O3 reinforced Al composite fabricated by a
two-step stir casting method. A pin-on-disc wear device was used to
study the wear characteristics of an Al composite reinforced with
nano-sized Al2O3. Based on Taguchi's method,
tests were planned, and a L9 Orthogonal array was selected to
analyze the results. We used ANOVA to examine the impact of applied
force, sliding speed, and duration on certain wear rates. This
model's goal was to assess the specific wear rate with "smaller the
better" as the selection criteria. Out of all the process
parameters, applied load has been found to be the one that most
significantly influences the particular specific wear rate. Sliding
duration is the second most important factor, whereas sliding speed
is the factor that has the lowest impact on a given specific wear
rate. We recreated a regression equation with R2 and adj
R2 of 99.85% and 99.76% respectively that was utilized
to estimate the particular specific wear rate of nano
Al2O3 reinforced Al composite. An
apple-to-apple comparison between experimental and projected values
was built using two confirmation tests. It revealed an inaccuracy
of 2.1% and 6.6%, respectively, with a specific wear rate of Al
composite. Using a scanning electron microscope, wornout surfaces
of the specimen with the lowest and greatest specific wear rates
were examined. As per the investigation, lowest specific wear rate
obtained due to formation of fewer oxide layers at the worn out
surface of specimen and highest specific wear rate obtained due to
cracks and deep groves at the worn out surface of specimen.
Protection of Children Involved in Online Prostitution Cases in Terms of Law of Children Protection
Authors: Meiliana Nurcahyani  , Anang Dony Irawan  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the extent to which the law provides for legal protection for children involved in online prostitution by using the media of chat applications. The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. The results showed that for child offenders, provisions in Law No. 11/2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System apply. Meanwhile, criminal acts that ensnare perpetrators such as pimps and also service users must also be subject to pidana in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2016 which stipulates the threat of punishment more severe than the Criminal Code. The participation of the community, relevant institutions and also the government must be more active in following up on this case of online prostitution, the government must strictly revoke applications circulating in the virtual world and set penalties for perpetrators involved in this criminal act.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penulisan ini menganalisis sejauh mana undang-undang mengatur tentang perlindungan hukum bagi anak yang terlibat dalam prostitusi online dengan mengunakan media aplikasi chatting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk pelaku anak, berlaku ketentuan di UU No. 11/2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Sedangkan tindak pidana yang menjerat pelaku seperti mucikari dan juga pengguna jasa juga harus dikenakan pidana sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2016 yang menetapkan ancaman hukuman lebih berat dibanding Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Peran serta masyarakat, lembaga-lembaga terkait dan juga pemerintah haruslah lebih aktif dalam menindaklanjuti kasus ini prostitusi online, pemerintah harus tegas mencabut aplikasi yang beredar didunia maya dan menetapkan hukuman bagi para pelaku yang terlibat dalam tindak pidana ini.
Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Hak Asuh Anak Dalam Perkara Perceraian (Studi Kasus Putusan No 1618/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Smp)
Authors: Sari Laily Lukita Nilam , Suprayitno Wasis , Kurniawan Kukuh Dwi 
Published: November 2022

Article 1 of Law no. 1 of 1974 states that "marriage is physically and mentally between a man and a woman as husband and wife to form a happy family and based on the Almighty God". However, many problems in the household result in divorce, which causes various problems. One of the problems that occur as a result of divorce is child custody. One example is case decision number 1618/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Smp. This study aims to determine the basic considerations related to child custody following case decision number 1618/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Smp. In addition, it also aims to determine the obstacles in executing child care (Hadhanah) in the decision of the Sumenep Religious Court Number 1618/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Smp. This research is sociological juridical research using a statute approach and a case approach. Results Based on research and discussion, it is known that the Panel of Judges, in deciding this case, used Article 105 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, namely regarding the maintenance of children who are still not mumayyiz and also used the basis of legal considerations that are theoretically appropriate in terms of the principles that are the main reference in providing in the decision, the rules of Islamic law, as well as the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: Dawar Rajni , Yasmin Tabassum 
Published: November 2022

Prevalence of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is estimated to be around 9-32% in general Indian Population.It is more common in diabetic and obese Indiviuals. We conducted a case control study in RMCH ,a tertiary care hospital with 36 patients of diagnosed NAFLD and 30 age & sex matched controls.BMI was calculated for all subjects. Serum hs-C Reactive Protein levels were estimated by ELISA. It was found that BMI (29.61±4.89 ;23.66±3.4,p<0.001 ) and hs-CRP levels (8.9±.16; 2.3±1.6 ,p
<0.001)were significantly higher in cases compared to controls .As hs- CRP is an independent factor involved in CAD and metabolic Syndrome, it signifies increased risk of these in NAFLD. We also advocate its use for diagnostic workup & its further evaluation as a marker for NAFLD.>
Pharmacological Application of Moringa oleifera: A Mini Review
Authors: Meena Raghunandan , Porwal Omji , Tilak Vijay Kumar , Arya Rajeshwar Kamal Kant , Dhakar Ram Chand 
Published: November 2022

All part of the Moringa tree is useful in some way and people depends on it for their livelihood. Oral diseases persist to be a major health problem all over the world. Various microorganisms are found to be the possible pathogens responsible for the oral diseases. The leaves of the Moringa tree are an excellent source of Nutrients like Minerals, Protein and Vitamins (A and C). Moringa tree has approximately 46 antioxidants and it is one of the cheapest sources of natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants supply the free atoms needed by the human body and mitigate the effect of free radicals. M. oleifera contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, and triterpenoids which possess antibacterial effects. Moringa oleifera has high mineral and protein content and has been previously investigated for its potential in treating different oral soft tissue diseases. This review explores the various pharmacological application of Moringa oleifera
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anti-oxidants, Minerals, Vitamins
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Convulsant Activity of Novel Substituted Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Sikarwar Saurav Singh , Daniel Kratika , Jain Neetesh Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Seizures are sudden, transitory, and uncontrolled episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of neuronal cells with associated motor, sensory or behavioral changes. Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as ant seizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Anticonvulsants suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons during seizures. Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain. Synthesis of starting material by reacting with KOH resulting substituted benzoate obtained then (2.58gm, 10 m mol) DMF (10 ml), hydrazine hydrate (50 m mol) was added give substituted hydrazide product then take methanolic solution of hydrazide product (5.1 m mol), cyanogens bromide (7.5 m mol) was added give oxadiazole derivatives, The purity of all compounds have been checked by the TLC monitoring and the conformation of structure will be checked by different spectra like IR, Mass and NMR, and then evaluated for anti-convulsant activity.
Keywords: Oxadiazole, Oxadiazole derivatives, Convulsion, Anti-convulsant activity.
The Use of Ambon Banana Starch (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) as a New Binder in Tablet Formulation
Authors: Mutmainnah Ikhwatun , Sinala Santi , Dewi Sisilia TR 
Published: November 2022

Background: Synthetic materials are commonly used as binders in tablet formulations, this causes the price of tablets to be more expensive. For this reason, new discoveries are sought that can replace synthetic materials by utilizing materials from nature. One of the binders that comes from natural ingredients and is easily obtained is the Ambon Banana Starch (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.)). Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of paracetamol tablets from Ambon banana starch (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) as a binder. Materials and Methods: Paracetamol tablets were compressed using the wet granulation method by adding a binder in the form of Ambon banana starch mucilago. The consentration of Ambon banana starch used was Formula I (15%), Formula II (17.5%) and Formula III (20%). Evaluation of the physical characteristics of the preparation is determined through the parameters of granule testing and tablet testing. Results: Formulation I, II, and III have met the requirements for the granule test. Meanwhile, in tablet testing, the results of size uniformity test, weight uniformity test, hardness test, and disintegration time test met the requirements for all formulations. However, in the friability test, Formula I (15%) did not meet the requirements with a value of 2.07% (requirement <1%), while formulas II and III had met the requirements. Conclusions: This study showed that Ambon banana starch can be used as a binder in tablet formulation.
吕宗力：《漢代的謡言》
Authors: 王 子今 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
漢代已經頻繁出現動摇社會“穩定”的顯示出强大衝擊力的群體運動。且不説數十萬手持兵器的緑林赤眉暴動和黄巾之亂，史書明確記載的西漢時期發生的大規模群體性事件就有“傳西王母籌”的流民“經歷郡國，西入關至京師”，“擊鼓號呼相驚恐”事，〔1〕以及“王咸舉幡太學下”，“諸生會者千餘人”至宫闕前請願的太學生運動。〔2〕這些迫使最高執政集團只能取消極對應態度的事件，都因民間輿論激生。民間自然出現以及某些政治力量專意煽惑的輿論形式，往往都被稱爲“謡言”。其他未必引發激烈社會動蕩的“謡言”，其實也有民間輿論史料和民間輿論傳播史料的意義。(撮要取自內文首段)
劉躍進：《秦漢文學地理與文人分布》
Authors: 龍 文玲 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
劉躍進先生的新著《秦漢文學地理與文人分布》于2012年3月由中國社會科學出版社出版了。這是他繼《秦漢文學編年史》之後向學術界捧出的又一項新的重要成果，對當今秦漢文學乃至整個中國文學的研究，都有重要的學術意義和理論價值。(撮要取自內文首段)
黄忠慎：《清代〈詩經〉學論稿》
Authors: 陳 才 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
若就其歧異言，《詩經》漢學更側重於關懷政治層面，而《詩經》宋學更側重於關懷人心的層面；倘若就其相同而言，《詩經》漢學和《詩經》宋學都是立足於干政，爲現實政治服務。而《詩經》清學則與《詩經》漢學、《詩經》宋學相異，更側重於其學理意義的探究。也就是説，《詩經》漢學和《詩經》宋學傾向於“治統”，而《詩經》清學則更傾向於“學統”。《詩經》學經過漢學和宋學兩個階段的發展和闡釋，給清人留下的闡釋空間有限，而清儒則在《詩經》學研究上獨闢蹊徑，合漢、宋之長，避漢、宋之短，從而取得了巨大成就，將《詩經》學研究推向新的高度。這其中的原因很複雜，治學術史特别是清代學術史的學者們已有不少論述，其中尤以陳祖武先生爲著。〔1〕當然，史學界對於這個問題的深入探討，即使如余英時先生的著名的“内在理路説”，〔2〕也仍然没有言明學術自身積澱的作用：清代經學的發達，關鍵在於“由文字、音韵、訓詁以通經明道”的學術路向的確立。而實際上，這個治學路徑的提出，我們至少可以追溯到南宋的朱熹。所以説，清學對“明道”的重視，自然是對宋學的繼承與發展。〔3〕而清儒對文字、聲韵、訓詁，即語文學的重視，則是吸取漢學之長了。〔4〕我們進而從學術自身發展角度來看，清人能以語文學爲基礎治學，則不能不説是依賴於《説文》學的發展；《説文》學的發展，則是依賴於宋、元、明時期六書學的發展；而六書學的發展又是建立在宋代古文字學和古音學、今音學等韵學發展的基礎上的。(撮要取自內文首段)
商偉：《禮與十八世紀的文化轉折：〈儒林外史〉研究》
Authors: 張 惠 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
明清之際的李漁曾經别具隻眼地提出“結構第一”的命題，借此以評商偉教授的新書《禮與十八世紀的文化轉折：〈儒林外史〉研究》似乎是再確切不過的了，因爲此書的内容、價值和創新都可以“結構”一言以蔽之。(撮要取自內文首段)
由楚簡《鮑叔牙與隰朋之諫》看《尚書•高宗肜日》
Authors: 李 鋭 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文討論《尚書•高宗肜日》篇中的一些問題，指出王國維根據甲骨卜辭辭例，反對此篇爲武丁祭商湯的舊説，而肯定金履祥等以此篇爲祖庚祭武丁之説，有一些可疑之處，還有待檢驗。根據上博簡《鮑叔牙與隰朋之諫》篇中的有關内容，以及周代金文，可以看出傳統的説法也有一定的道理。《高宗肜日》的本義到底如何，恐還有待更多材料的發現。不過竹簡材料有助於我們釋讀《高宗肜日》的一些疑難字句。
This essay discusses the chapter “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun” in the Book of Documents. It casts doubt on the findings of Wang Guowei, which were based on his analysis of oracle bones. Wang opposed the traditional theory that the piece was about Wu Ding’s sacrificial ceremony for King Tang of the Shang dynasty, and asserted the views of Jin Lvxiang and others that the piece concerned Zu Geng’s sacrificial ceremony offered to Wu Ding. However, the traditional theory holds true and is supported by the texts of bamboo slips “The Admonition from Bao Shuya and Xi Peng” preserved in the Shanghai Museum, as well as other bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty. Even so, the original meaning of “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun” may not be known for certain until there are more materials and discussion. In any case, these bamboo slips help us understand some difficult lines in “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun”.