bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of discontinuing ongoing education and postprescription feedback on antimicrobial prescriptions at discharge from the emergency department
Authors: Tagashira Yasuaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multifaceted intervention is preferrable as an ASP strategy in the emergency department (ED). I assessed the effect of discontinuing multifaceted intervention for antimicrobial prescriptions at discharge in the emergency department. The proportion of appropriate prescriptions decreased quickly after discontinuation. Continuous commitment to appropriate antimicrobial prescriptions is needed for effective antimicrobial stewardship.
Why Be a Subjectivist about Wellbeing?
Authors: Königs Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubjectivism about wellbeing rests on the idea that what is good for a person must ‘fit’ her, ‘resonate’ with her, not be ‘alien’ to her, etc. This idea has been called the ‘beating heart’ of subjectivism. In this article, I present the No-Beating-Heart Challenge for subjectivism, which holds that there is no satisfactory statement of this idea. I proceed by first identifying three criteria that any statement of the idea must meet if it is to provide support for subjectivism: Distinctness, Exclusiveness, and Explicitness. I then argue that no statement of this idea meets these criteria.
Origins, Relevance and Prospects of Federalism and Decentralization in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Fessha Yonatan T. , Dessalegn Beza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Horn of Africa is the most conflict-ridden region in the African continent. Both inter-and intra-state conflicts have dominated the region. In a bid to check intra-state conflicts and accommodate ethno-national and religious diversity, federal or federal like models of governance have been proposed, discussed, and, in some cases, adopted across the region. Focusing on Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan, this article discusses the origin, reasons, and prospects of the federal idea in the Horn. The article argues that the major rationale for the federal idea in the Horn is the containment of communal tensions. Yet, the track record of federalism in alleviating communal tensions has not been encouraging. This is partly related to design issues that have undermined the efforts to use federalism to address communal tensions. More importantly, however, the commitment to genuinely implement the federal idea has largely been absent.
Quantifying parent-of-origin variation in growth and reproductive traits of Kermani sheep
Authors: Mokhtari Morteza , Barazandeh Arsalan , Roudbari Zahra , Ghafouri-Kesbi Farhad , Roudbar Mahmoud Amiri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecords on growth and reproductive characteristics collected from 1993 to 2013 at the Breeding Station of Kermani sheep, south-east of Iran, were used for estimating genetic parameters related to parent-of-origin effects. The studied growth traits were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), six-month weight (6MW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG1), and average daily gain from weaning to six months of age (ADG2). The reproductive traits were litter size at birth per ewe lambing (LSB), litter size at weaning per ewe lambing (LSW), the sum of litter weight at birth per ewe lambing (LWB), and the sum of litter weight at weaning per ewe lambing (LWW). Models with and without imprinting (maternal and paternal) effects were compared by applying Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Maternal imprinting effects explained 14, 7, 24 and 5% of the phenotypic variances for BWT, WWT, 6MW and ADG1, respectively and their inclusion in the model decreased direct heritability estimates for BWT (from 0.07 to 0.05), WWT (from 0.29 to 0.23), 6MW (from 0.26 to 0.12) and ADG1 (from 0.20 to 0.17). Imprinting effects did not affect ADG2 and studied reproductive traits. The results indicated that a considerable proportion of the maternal imprinting effects overlap with direct additive genetic and maternal effects. Therefore, imprinting effects may be crucial for the genetic assessment of BWT, WWT, 6MW and ADG1 in Kermani sheep.
A GENERALISATION OF WITTEN’S CONJECTURE FOR THE PIXTON CLASS AND THE NONCOMMUTATIVE KDV HIERARCHY
Authors: Buryak Alexandr , Rossi Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate and present ample evidence towards the conjecture that the partition function (i.e. the exponential of the generating series of intersection numbers with monomials in psi classes) of the Pixton class on the moduli space of stable curves is the topological tau function of the noncommutative Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy, which we introduced in a previous work. The specialisation of this conjecture to the top degree part of Pixton’s class states that the partition function of the double ramification cycle is the tau function of the dispersionless limit of this hierarchy. In fact, we prove that this conjecture follows from the double ramification/Dubrovin–Zhang equivalence conjecture. We also provide several independent computational checks in support of it.
“Heirs to What Had Been Accomplished”: D. N. Aidit, the PKI, and Maoism, 1950–1965
Authors: Lin Hongxuan , Galway Matthew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhy did the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) pursue a nonviolent, collaborative, and parliamentary path to power? How did it secure major electoral successes? The answers to both queries have much to do with the PKI's adaptation of Maoism. Although scholars recognize that Maoism was influential on PKI theory and praxis, they have hitherto underevaluated the extent to which PKI leaders, notably Dipa Nusantara Aidit and Muhammad Hatta Lukman, engaged with Mao's ideas and how such ideas informed policy. Through textual exegesis of PKI leaders’ writings and speeches, our article argues that the PKI's “Indonesianization” of Marxism–Leninism drew from several Maoist texts, but differed in its composition in a number of important ways. “Indonesianization” entailed cross-class alliances, the political agency of the peasantry, willingness to cooperate with parties across the political spectrum, and, most innovatively, a nonviolent agenda. The PKI also demonstrated an adaptive willingness to learn from all, while remaining beholden to none. Our goal is to show how PKI leaders spoke back in their dialectical engagement with Maoism, as Maoism, for them, did not constitute a static, orthodox, or monolithic “thing.” Instead, Maoism was for Aidit and Lukman an ideological system within which lay an ideological discourse, critical interpretive paradigm, historical revolutionary experience, military strategy, and blueprint to socialist development against which to juxtapose their ideas and grand visions.
Preconditions for pacted transitions from authoritarian rule
Authors: Iakovlev Gennadii 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates why some attempts at pacted transitions from non-democratic rule fail, while others succeed. It determines the composition of opposition organizations that enable pacting. The paper draws on a data set compiled by the author comparing forty-five attempts at negotiations. The qualitative comparative analysis shows that those negotiations that include the opposition with strong organizational capacity succeed and end up with democratization. This strong organizational power of the opposition can be drawn from trade unions or the Catholic Church participating in negotiations, even if the initial regime is personalistic.
Human Activity Changes During COVID‐19 Lockdown in China—A View From Nighttime Light
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Yan Guangjian , Mu Xihan , Xie Donghui , Xu Jiachen , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Dingdan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStrict lockdowns were implemented in China to fight Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We explored the nighttime light (NTL) of China's four cities in five stages of COVID‐19 including case free period, newly appeared period, rising period, outbreak period, and stationary period. Using six categories of points of interest data (“company,” “recreation,” “healthcare,” “residence,” “shopping,” and “traffic facility”) and random forest models, we found that dimming light of four cities is associated with the epidemic development and human activity changes. When confirmed cases appeared, healthcare associated NTL radiance increased rapidly in Wuhan and Guangzhou, but decreased in the fourth and fifth stages. Companies in all cities were resuscitated in the fifth stage, while companies in Guangzhou was resuscitated in the fourth stage. Shopping related NTL radiance in Wuhan increased quickly in the fifth stage which indicated some resuscitation. In addition, compared to gross domestic product, the trend in electric power consumption was consistent with the trend in NTL radiance. The above findings contribute to the making of control policies for COVID‐19 as well as other infectious diseases.
A New Brittle Rheology and Numerical Framework for Large‐Scale Sea‐Ice Models
Authors: Ólason Einar , Boutin Guillaume , Korosov Anton , Rampal Pierre , Williams Timothy , Kimmritz Madlen , Dansereau Véronique , Samaké Abdoulaye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a new brittle rheology and an accompanying numerical framework for large‐scale sea‐ice modeling. This rheology is based on a Bingham‐Maxwell constitutive model and the Maxwell‐Elasto‐Brittle (MEB) rheology, the latter of which has previously been used to model sea ice. The key strength of the MEB rheology is its ability to represent the scaling properties of simulated sea‐ice deformation in space and time. The new rheology we propose here, which we refer to as the brittle Bingham‐Maxwell rheology (BBM), represents a further evolution of the MEB rheology. It is developed to address two main shortcomings of the MEB rheology and numerical implementation we were unable to address previously: excessive thickening of the ice in model runs longer than about one winter and a relatively high computational cost. In the BBM rheology and numerical framework these shortcomings are addressed by demanding that the ice deforms under convergence in a purely elastic manner when internal stresses lie below a given compressive threshold. Numerical performance is improved by introducing an explicit scheme to solve the ice momentum equation. In this paper, we introduce the new rheology and numerical framework. Using an implementation of BBM in version two of the neXtSIM sea‐ice model (neXtSIMv2), we show that it gives reasonable long term evolution of the Arctic sea‐ice cover and very good deformation fields and statistics compared to satellite observations.
In Pursuit of Understanding, a Career in Marine Geology
Authors: Moore Theodore C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMy interest in the oceans first developed when I was a teenager, but I did not actually go to sea until I was in the U.S. Navy. With that experience, I developed a love of the oceans and an interest in oceanography. My graduate training was a time when oceanography and marine geology were blossoming with new ideas and new tools to explore the ocean world. The theory of plate tectonics was becoming widely accepted and scientific ocean drilling was just starting. My thesis study area was in the tropical Pacific. Soon after receiving my PhD, I sailed on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 8, which drilled the first transect across the Pacific equator. The nature of the sediments there posed many scientific questions that continued to intrigue me. Some of these questions remained unanswered for a long time. Early in my career I was fortunate to work with a group of specialists from outside my field of expertise to study the global climate during the last glacial maximum (the CLIMAP Project). Subsequently, I spent 8 years working in the oil industry. This experience taught me the skills of interpreting seismic reflection records that help unravel the history of sediment deposition. When I returned to academia, these skills proved particularly useful in studies of large lakes. Late in my career, I returned to studies of the tropical Pacific, where new tools and techniques helped answer some of my unanswered questions.
Drift Phase Structure Implications for Radiation Belt Transport
Authors: O'Brien T. P. , Green J. C. , Halford A. J. , Kwan B. P. , Claudepierre S. G. , Ozeke Louis G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine drift phase structure in the electron radiation belt observations to differentiate radial transport mechanisms. Impulsive electrostatic or electromagnetic fields can cause radial transport and produce drift echoes (periodic drift phase structures with energy‐dependent period). Narrow‐band standing electromagnetic wave fields can also cause radial transport, while producing energy‐independent periodic drift phase structures. Broad‐band, random‐phase electromagnetic wave fields can cause radial transport, but do not necessarily produce drift phase structure. We present results of three case studies showing little association between drift phase structure and approximately MeV electron flux enhancements in the outer belt. We estimate the amplitude of drift phase structures expected for impulsive or narrow‐band interactions to compete with broad‐band, random‐phase waves. We show that the observed drift phase structure is typically much smaller than would be present if either impulses or narrow‐band waves were the dominant cause of radial transport. We conclude that radial transport is primarily consistent with the broad‐band, random‐phase, small perturbations assumed in quasilinear diffusion theory, although we cannot rule out the unlikely possibility that radial transport plays little role in radiation belt dynamics.
Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancements in the Equatorial Region as Revealed by the Beidou Geostationary TEC Observations
Authors: Wang Yihan , Huang Fuqing , Lei Jiuhou , Luan Xiaoli , Dou Xiankang , Owolabi Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIonospheric electron density enhancement at nighttime has been widely studied in the past decades. However, the mechanisms of this anomalous nighttime enhancement are not fully understood. In this study, we took advantage of the fidelity of geostationary total electron contents (GEO TECs) combined with the observations from three equatorial ionosondes to examine the morphology of equatorial ionospheric nighttime enhancements in the Asian‐Australian sector. The equatorial ionospheric nighttime enhancements from GEO TECs during 2016–2018 can be characterized by three categories. Each of these categories showed similar seasonal variations, with the maximal occurrence in the equinoxes. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between the pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) of the eastward equatorial electric field and these three types of equatorial ionospheric nighttime enhancements that were mostly accompanied by PRE inferred from foF2 and h'F2 from ionograms around dusk. Nevertheless, the formations of equatorial ionospheric nighttime enhancements could be associated with other factors, such as the equatorial electric fields and neutral winds, as well as associated plasma transports. This study provides a new perspective to explore the variations and the underlying physical processes of ionospheric nighttime enhancements.
Experimental Multiblast Craters and Ejecta—Seismo‐Acoustics, Jet Characteristics, Craters, and Ejecta Deposits and Implications for Volcanic Explosions
Authors: Sonder Ingo , Graettinger Alison , Neilsen Tracianne B. , Matoza Robin S. , Taddeucci Jacopo , Oppenheimer Julie , Lev Einat , Tsunematsu Kae , Waite Greg , Valentine Greg A. , Befus Kenneth S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlasting experiments were performed that investigate multiple explosions that occur in quick succession in unconsolidated ground and their effects on host material and atmosphere. Such processes are known to occur during phreatomagmatic eruptions at various depths, lateral locations, and energies. The experiments follow a multi‐instrument approach in order to observe phenomena in the atmosphere and in the ground, and measure the respective energy partitioning. The experiments show significant coupling of atmospheric (acoustic)‐ and ground (seismic) signal over a large range of (scaled) distances (30–330 m, 1–10 m J−1/3). The distribution of ejected material strongly depends on the sequence of how the explosions occur. The overall crater sizes are in the expected range of a maximum size for many explosions and a minimum for one explosion at a given lateral location. As previous research showed before, peak atmospheric over‐pressure decays exponentially with scaled depth. An exponential decay rate of was measured. At a scaled explosion depth of 4 × 10−3 m J−1/3 ca. 1% of the blast energy is responsible for the formation of the atmospheric pressure pulse; at a more shallow scaled depth of 2.75 × 10−3 m J−1/3 this ratio lies at ca. 5.5%–7.5%. A first order consideration of seismic energy estimates the sum of radiated airborne and seismic energy to be up to 20% of blast energy. Finally, the transient cavity formation during a blast leads to an effectively reduced explosion depth that was determined. Depth reductions of up to 65% were measured.
Eastward Asthenospheric Flow From NE Tibet Inferred by Joint Inversion of Teleseismic Body and Surface Waves: Insight Into Widespread Continental Deformation in Eastern China
Authors: Guo Zhen , Li Shilin , Yu Yong , Chen Y. John , Yang Yingjie , Xu Bo , Liang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the last 50 Ma, the eastern Eurasian continent has experienced widespread crustal and lithospheric deformation. However, mechanisms in creating such widespread intra‐continental deformation are still not well understood. Here, we present a 3‐D S‐wave velocity model of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions by jointly inverting teleseismic body and surface waves. The resulting model clearly suggests that lateral extrusion of asthenosphere from northern Tibet is being blocked by the thick cratonic keels of Ordos and Sichuan, and therefore the asthenosphere is channeled into a strong eastward flow beneath the northern Qinglin between these two cratonic keels. Our results also demonstrate that continental deformation in eastern Eurasia is likely influenced by the small‐scale convection when the lateral asthenospheric flow from NE Tibet encounters preexisting continental lithospheric steps to the east of Ordos.
Intensified Atmospheric Branch of the Hydrological Cycle Over the Tibetan Plateau During the Last Interglacial From a Dynamical Downscaling Perspective
Authors: Jiang Nanxuan , Yan Qing , Wang Huijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestigation of the variations of hydrological cycles during the Last Interglacial (130–115 ka; LIG) may deepen our understanding of climate change in a warmer‐than‐present world induced by Earth's orbit. Here we revealed an intensified atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer during the LIG relative to the preindustrial period, using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model driven by the Community Earth System Model. Our results showed that precipitation over the TP increased by 5.65 × 107 kg s−1, with 63.2% of the increase contributed by advected moisture transports, and the remaining 36.8% caused by local moisture recycling processes. As for advected moisture transports, the inflow increased by 1.93 × 107 kg s−1 and the outflow decreased by 0.87 × 107 kg s−1, respectively. Variations of the moisture transport were more profound at the eastern and northern edges, which were linked with changes in Indian summer monsoon and westerly jets. Regarding local moisture recycling processes, evaporation enhanced by 2.85 × 107 kg s−1 over the TP, influenced by variations in surface air temperature, surface net radiation flux, surface relative humidity, and surface wind fields. Increased evaporation accompanied by enhanced moisture inflow resulted in an enriched precipitation recycling ratio of ∼1% over the TP during the LIG relative to the preindustrial in summer. Our results aid in understanding the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle over the TP in an orbit‐induced warmer world and shed light on the future evolution of the hydrological cycle over the TP at multi‐millennial and orbital timescale.
Sulfur Geochemistry Destabilizes Population Oscillations of Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)
Authors: LaFond‐Hudson Sophia , Johnson Nathan W. , Pastor John , Dewey Brad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElevated inputs of sulfate to freshwater systems can increase sulfide concentrations in anoxic soils and subsequently destabilize aquatic plant populations, but the interactions between sulfate, other geochemical cycles, and interannual plant population cycles are poorly understood. Increased sulfate loading increases mineralization of nitrogen from litter, but the sulfide produced during this process can limit nitrogen uptake by plants. In some cases, iron may mitigate sulfide's impacts on plants by precipitating iron sulfide. We examined the interannual effects of sulfate loading on mesocosm populations of wild rice, an emergent aquatic plant that undergoes population oscillations and is sensitive to sulfide. Using experimental mesocosms with self‐perpetuating populations, we investigated how population dynamics respond to manipulations of surface water sulfate (10 mg L−1 or 300 mg L−1), sediment iron (4.3 mg g−1 or 10.9 mg g−1 dry weight), and shoot litter (present or removed). Populations exposed to constant 10 mg L−1 sulfate concentrations had stable biomass oscillations of approximately 3‐year periods, consistent with previous studies that demonstrated litter‐driven oscillations in nitrogen availability. Populations exposed to 300 mg L−1 sulfate concentrations produced fewer and smaller seeds and declined to extinction in 6 years or less. We did not find a strong effect of iron loading or litter removal on wild rice biomass or seed production. Our observations show the potential of elevated surface water sulfate to rapidly destabilize wild rice populations under varying iron and organic carbon concentrations.
Identification Approach of Arriving Wave Model Based on Likelihood Ratio Test With Different Sensor Noise Levels
Authors: Tanaka Yuji , Ota Mamoru , Kasahara Yoshiya 
Published: July 2022

Abstractk‐vector direction determined by propagation characteristics is crucial for understanding the global features of space plasma. Identifying the arriving wave model is a major factor in obtaining fast and accurate results in the direction finding of various plasma waves. If we can determine whether the observation data contain a significant natural wave or not, we can reduce the computational time for direction finding analysis by excluding noise‐only data. The conventional approach for identifying the arriving wave model assumes that all electromagnetic field sensors have same noise levels. However, the noise levels of electromagnetic field sensors on board scientific satellites can change owing to sensor degradation during long‐term instrument operation. Thus, the arriving wave model should be identified even when the noise levels of all electromagnetic field sensors are not equal. We proposed robustly identifying the arriving wave model by introducing a noise integration kernel that includes information about noise level ratios. Our proposed approach classifies a spectral matrix into three cases: noise model, single plane wave model, and multiple waves model. The proposed approach comprises the likelihood ratio test, and the identification result based on a statistical viewpoint. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations, and it was verified that the proposed approach can correctly derive the arriving wave model with high accuracy even with different sensor noise levels.