bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of S-doped LiFePO4@N/S-doped carbon core–shell structured composites for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Baoquan , Wang Shuzhong , Liu Lu , Wang Jinlong , Liu Wei , Yang Jianqiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Heteroatom-doped carbon can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathodes, but it is limited by the complex preparation process and expensive dopants. A self-assembled S-doped LiFePO4@N/S-doped C core–shell structured composites were synthesized by a convenient solvothermal method are reported. The structure and the electrochemical performance of the composites were characterized. In the S-doped LiFePO4@N/S-doped C composites, the glucose-derived carbon microspheres were attached by LiFePO4/C particles to form secondary particles in the core–shell structure. The thioacetamide regulated the morphology of LiFePO4/C particles and provided N and S atoms to dope the composites. The S-doped LiFePO4@N/S-doped C composites delivered specific discharge capacities of 157.81 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 121.26 mAh g−1 at 5 C, and capacity retention of 99.88% after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the S-doped LiFePO4@N/S-doped C composites can be attributed to the synergism of thioacetamide and glucose.
Comment on ‘Does a container of an ideal gas increase its temperature when accelerated and stopped?’
Authors: Persson Rasmus A X 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Goh (2022 Phys. Educ.

57

023005) has very recently offered what may be construed as a mechanical proof of Joule’s principle (conversion of mechanical work to heat). Curiously, the proof takes no account of viscosity and uses only deterministic mechanics. We identify an error in his proof and offer some pedagogical clarification.
Dual energy CT for a small animal radiation research platform using an empirical dual energy calibration
Authors: Duda Manuela Anna , Grad Andreas , Kampfer Severin , Dobiasch Sophie , Combs Stephanie Elisabeth , Wilkens Jan Jakob 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) has been shown to provide additional image information compared to conventional CT and has been used in clinical routine for several years. The objective of this work is to present a DECT implementation for a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) and to verify it with a quantitative analysis of a material phantom and a qualitative analysis with an ex-vivo mouse measurement. Approach. For dual energy imaging, two different spectra are required, but commercial small animal irradiators are usually not optimized for DECT. We present a method that enables dual energy imaging on a SARRP with sequential scanning and an Empirical Dual Energy Calibration (EDEC). EDEC does not require the exact knowledge of spectra and attenuation coefficients; instead, it is based on a calibration. Due to the SARRP geometry and reconstruction algorithm, the calibration is done using an artificial CT image based on measured values. The calibration yields coefficients to convert the measured images into material decomposed images. Main results. To analyze the method quantitatively, the electron density and the effective atomic number of a material phantom were calculated and compared with theoretical values. The electron density showed a maximum deviation from the theoretical values of less than 5% and the atomic number of slightly more than 6%. For use in mice, DECT is particularly useful in distinguishing iodine contrast agent from bone. A material decomposition of an ex-vivo mouse with iodine contrast agent was material decomposed to show that bone and iodine can be distinguished and iodine-corrected images can be calculated. Significance. DECT is capable of calculating electron density images and effective atomic number images, which are appropriate parameters for quantitative analysis. Furthermore, virtual monochromatic images can be obtained for a better differentiation of materials, especially bone and iodine contrast agent.
Reliable evaluation method for interface state density and effective channel mobility in lateral 4H-SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Valletta Antonio , Roccaforte Fabrizio , La Magna Antonino , Fortunato Guglielmo , Fiorenza Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electrical performance of silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (4H-SiC MOSFETs) are strongly related to the presence of interface states at the silicon dioxide (SiO2)/4H-SiC interface, whose density is much higher than in the Si/SiO2 system. In particular, the charged interface states determine a degradation of the carrier mobility in the channel of the MOSFET with respect to the bulk mobility. A reliable and consistent method for the evaluation of the interface state density (D
it) and the effective channel mobility (μ
ch) in these devices is presented in this work. The two quantities are simultaneously extracted by a combined fit of the current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) electrical characteristics collected on a single device. The simultaneous fit of the I–V and C–V characteristics, which can be easily measured on the same device, noticeably improve the reliability of D
it and μ
ch estimation. The results obtained at different temperatures indicate an increase of the μ
ch with T, in agreement with a dominance of the Coulomb scattering effect as the degradation mechanism of the carrier channel mobility induced by the presence of charged interface states.
Gap probability and full counting statistics in the one-dimensional one-component plasma
Authors: Flack Ana , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the 1d one-component plasma in thermal equilibrium, consisting of N equally charged particles on a line, with pairwise Coulomb repulsion and confined by an external harmonic potential. We study two observables: (i) the distribution of the gap between two consecutive particles in the bulk and (ii) the distribution of the number of particles N

I
in a fixed interval I = [−L, +L] inside the bulk, the so-called full-counting-statistics (FCS). For both observables, we compute, for large N, the distribution of the typical as well as atypical large fluctuations. We show that the distribution of the typical fluctuations of the gap g is described by the scaling form

P

gap,bulk

(

g
,
N

)

∼
N

H

α

(

g

N

)

, where α is the interaction coupling and the scaling function H

α
(z) is computed explicitly. It has a faster than Gaussian tail for large z:

H

α

(

z

)

∼

e

−

z

3

/

(

96
α

)

as z → ∞. Similarly, for the FCS, we show that the distribution of the typical fluctuations of N

I
is described by the scaling form

P

FCS

(

N

I

,
N

)

∼
2
α

U

α

[

2
α

(

N

I

−

N

¯

I

)

]

, where

N

¯

I

=
L
N
/

(

2
α

)

is the average value of N

I
and the scaling function U

α
(z) is obtained explicitly. For both observables, we show that the probability of large fluctuations is described by large deviations forms with respective rate functions that we compute explicitly. Our numerical Monte-Carlo simulations are in good agreement with our analytical predictions.
Performance evaluation of an airfoil under ice accretion using CFD simulations
Authors: Bodenlle-Toral Daniel , García-Regodeseves Pedro , Pandal-Blanco Adrián 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The profiles used in wind turbine blades have a great effect on aerodynamic behavior. The incorporation in engineering methods of the three-dimensional and rotation effects obtained through numerical simulations has allowed to substantially improve the design of the blades. A further advance in the improvement of the models is the modification of the surface state of the profile due to environmental effects. The presence of erosion, dirt, or snow on the leading edge reduces the aerodynamic behavior of the profiles. Therefore, incorporating its effects would improve predictions. However, the implementation of these effects in numerical models is complex. In this work, only the effect of the ice/snow accretion will be taken into account. The study is made using the NREL PHASE VI experimental horizontal-axis turbine with the S809 profile. The BEM theory is applied to conduct accurate 2D numerical simulations firstly, of a clean profile (unmodified) and afterwards of accreted profile. The latter is constructed by the modification of the profile in advance, following indications of the Icing ANSYS Fluent tool. Simulations are conducted under a RANS numerical approach through an SST k-ω model, which properly predicts boundary layer behavior. CFD results are evaluated at different sections of the profile and compared against predictions from other authors in terms of aerodynamic coefficients. The simulations consistently predict an increase in the drag coefficient (CD +33%), and a decrease in the lift coefficient (CL -9%). The presence of ice accretion affects the airfoil performance along the whole blade span, being slightly more pronounced towards the root of the blade. This work presents a new engineering methodology able to accurately predict airfoil performance under ice accretion at a reduced computational cost.
A dynamic disastrous CGE model to optimize resource allocation in post-disaster economic recovery: post-typhoon in an urban agglomeration area, China
Authors: Li Hongwei , Xu Erqi , Zhang Hongqi , Zhong Shuai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optimizing the allocation schemes of post-disaster recovery resources can promote the sustainable development of a regional economy. However, previous studies determined the inputs and allocation schemes of recovery resources based on direct economic (DE) loss while neglecting indirect economic (IDE) loss, which restricted economic recovery. This study considered DE and IDE loss, and used a dynamic disastrous computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate multiple scenarios with different inputs and allocation schemes to identify a better economic recovery strategy. Taking Super Typhoon Mangkhut’s landing in Guangdong Province in 2018 as an example, the results showed that the IDE loss had a long-term impact and dynamic accumulation without post-disaster recovery, reaching 15.25 times the DE loss by 2022. In the baseline scenario, the recovery resource inputs, including relief funds, reconstruction funds, and natural disaster commercial insurance, were limited, leading to a cumulative loss recovery rate of less than 2% in 2018–2022. According to our findings, recovery resources needed a 15-fold increase to recover to pre-disaster levels. Considering the impacts of sector connections on IDE loss, six allocation schemes were established based on DE loss, IDE loss, and industrial structure. Compared with the typical allocation scheme based on DE loss, allocating recovery resources according to the diffusion coefficient substantially improved the loss recovery rate and recovery resource utilization efficiency. The dynamic disastrous CGE model conducted multi-scenario simulations to identify the optimal recovery resource allocation scheme that supported rapid and efficient post-disaster economic recovery.
2022 Roadmap on aqueous batteries
Authors: Wu Daxiong , Li Xiu , Liu Xiaoyu , Yi Jin , Acevedo-Peña Próspero , Reguera Edilso , Zhu Kai , Bin Duan , Melzack N , Wills R G A , Huang Jianhang , Wang Xiaotong , Lin Xiaofeng , Yu Dingshan , Ma Jianmin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The development of efficient electrochemical energy storage devices is crucial for future renewable energy management. Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are considered to be one of the most sustainable battery technologies due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, high safety and environmental friendliness. However, some tough issues, such as the narrow electrochemical stability window of water, chemical instability of electrode materials, uncontrollable dendrite growth and poor cycling lifespan, severely limit the development of high-energy aqueous batteries with stability and infallible safety. This article mainly summarizes current and future challenges and the advanced science and technology to meet these challenges of various ARBs, such as aqueous Li/Na/K/Mg/Ca/Al/-ion batteries, aqueous flow batteries and photo-responsive batteries. In addition, the potential direction and prospect of the further development of these system batteries are discussed. Finally, given the various technologies and their associated technical challenges, we are motivated to develop a 2022 roadmap on aqueous batteries.
Study of cylindrical and spherical dust acoustic solitons and quasiperiodic structures in a quantum dusty plasma
Authors: Emadi Elham , Zahed Hossein 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The solitonic and quasiperiodic structures of dust acoustic (DA) waves are investigated in a three components quantum dusty plasma composed of mobile negative dust grains, ions, and inertialess electrons. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive A deformed Korteweg–de Vries (dKdV) equation in planar and nonplanar geometries, and its numerical solutions are obtained using the two level finite difference approximation method. The influence of geometries on DA solitons is discussed. It is observed that in nonplanar geometries, DA solitons travel at different speeds in comparison to one-dimensional planar ones. Furthermore, in the planar geometry, the bifurcation of DA traveling waves has been analyzed on the framework of the dKdV equation. By adding an external periodic force to the derived dKdV equation, the quasiperiodic behaviors of DA waves are presented.
A Modified Palpebral Marginal Incision Technique Using Levator Aponeurotic Flap in Blepharoplasty
Authors: Qiu Yucheng , Zhou Xianyu , Jin Yan , Liu Fei , Ouyang Tianxiang , Lin Dengwen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Double-eyelid surgery is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries performed in Asians. The palpebral marginal incision technique (PMIT) conceals the incision scar and creates natural-looking double-eyelids. However, the amount of eyelid skin removed by conventional PMIT is limited, which potentially results in an unnatural crease or inferior skin below the palpebral crease that appears swollen.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to introduce a modified PMIT which creates scarless, dynamic, and natural double-eyelids with a limited amount of eyelid skin excision.

Methods
From January 2018 to December 2020, 382 patients (764 eyelids) underwent double-eyelid surgeries with the described technique. The key point was to form a pretarsal levator aponeurotic flap, acting as a soft motor transmission to bridge tarsus, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin dermis. Satisfaction with the overall aesthetic outcomes—as assessed by surgeon and patients—and complications were postoperatively evaluated at various follow-ups.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 7.6 months (range, 6-12 months). Of the patients, 332 (86.9%) reported self-assessment of outcomes as satisfactory and 37 (9.7%) as fair. Secondary operations were required for 13 (3.4%) patients for double-eyelid asymmetry or crease curve malformations. Early-stage hematoma (12 cases) and lagophthalmos (19 cases) were observed and completely recovered within 1 month.

Conclusions
Our modified PMIT technique was capable of achieving scarless and natural-looking double-eyelids with a biomimetic anatomic structure.

Level of Evidence: 4
Phage Therapy of Mycobacterium Infections: Compassionate Use of Phages in 20 Patients With Drug-Resistant Mycobacterial Disease
Authors: Dedrick Rebekah M , Smith Bailey E , Cristinziano Madison , Freeman Krista G , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Belessis Yvonne , Whitney Brown A , Cohen Keira A , Davidson Rebecca M , van Duin David , Gainey Andrew , Garcia Cristina Berastegui , Robert George C R , Haidar Ghady , Ip Winnie , Iredell Jonathan , Khatami Ameneh , Little Jessica S , Malmivaara Kirsi , McMullan Brendan J , Michalik David E , Moscatelli Andrea , Nick Jerry A , Tupayachi Ortiz Maria G , Polenakovik Hari M , Robinson Paul D , Skurnik Mikael , Solomon Daniel A , Soothill James , Spencer Helen , Wark Peter , Worth Austen , Schooley Robert T , Benson Constance A , Hatfull Graham F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Nontuberculous Mycobacterium infections, particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, are increasingly common among patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchiectatic lung diseases. Treatment is challenging due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage therapy represents a potentially novel approach. Relatively few active lytic phages are available and there is great variation in phage susceptibilities among M. abscessus isolates, requiring personalized phage identification.

Methods
Mycobacterium isolates from 200 culture-positive patients with symptomatic disease were screened for phage susceptibilities. One or more lytic phages were identified for 55 isolates. Phages were administered intravenously, by aerosolization, or both to 20 patients on a compassionate use basis and patients were monitored for adverse reactions, clinical and microbiologic responses, the emergence of phage resistance, and phage neutralization in serum, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Results
No adverse reactions attributed to therapy were seen in any patient regardless of the pathogen, phages administered, or the route of delivery. Favorable clinical or microbiological responses were observed in 11 patients. Neutralizing antibodies were identified in serum after initiation of phage delivery intravenously in 8 patients, potentially contributing to lack of treatment response in 4 cases, but were not consistently associated with unfavorable responses in others. Eleven patients were treated with only a single phage, and no phage resistance was observed in any of these.

Conclusions
Phage treatment of Mycobacterium infections is challenging due to the limited repertoire of therapeutically useful phages, but favorable clinical outcomes in patients lacking any other treatment options support continued development of adjunctive phage therapy for some mycobacterial infections.
First-in-man concomitant mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting using a single minimally invasive access
Authors: Miazza Jules , Koechlin Luca , Jeger Raban V , Reuthebuch Oliver T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present the case of a 78-year-old woman suffering from coronary artery disease and secondary severe mitral valve regurgitation due to left ventricular and annular distention. The interdisciplinary heart team recommended a simultaneous hybrid procedure consisting of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting with subsequent transapical mitral valve replacement using the Tendyne prosthesis via the same small anterolateral thoracotomy. The operation was performed using a heart-team approach with close collaboration between heart surgeons and cardiologists in the hybrid operating theatre. The intra- and postoperative courses were uneventful. Predischarge transthoracic echocardiography on postoperative day 8 revealed the immaculate functioning of the implanted valve without para- or transvalvular insufficiency, a mean gradient of 2 mmHg, no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and a stable ejection fraction of 50%.
The combination of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting revascularization with concomitant transapical mitral valve replacement is feasible and enables a further step towards minimally invasive therapy, even in complex situations. It shows that the modern heart-team approach exceeds mere decision making and expands towards a hybrid treatment for patients.
Perioperative diabetes mellitus affects the outcomes of lung transplant recipients
Authors: Yamada Yoshito , Sato Tosiya , Harada Norio , Kayawake Hidenao , Tanaka Satona , Yutaka Yojiro , Hamaji Masatsugu , Nakajima Daisuke , Ohsumi Akihiro , Date Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Identifying the risks for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation (LTx) is beneficial to the patient. We hypothesized that diabetes mellitus (DM) is relevant to CLAD development. Our study aimed to clarify if DM is a risk for poor post-LTx outcomes.

METHODS
The records of patients first undergoing LTx in our institution between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analysed. We established 6 months post-LTx as the landmark point for predicting overall survival (OS) and CLAD development. To identify perioperative DM, we evaluated the patient for DM at 6 months post-LTx.

RESULTS
A total of 172 patients were investigated. DM and CLAD occurred in 76 and 39 patients, respectively, and 40 died. At 6 months post-LTx, the unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of DM for OS were 3.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.67–6.73] and 2.78 (95% CI = 1.35–5.75), respectively. The unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of DM for CLAD-free survival were 2.20 (95% CI = 1.27–3.80) and 2.15 (95% CI = 1.24–3.74). The patients with DM were older and had a higher body mass index and more incidents of post-LTx malignant disease than the non-DM patients. The 5-year OS and CLAD-free survival rates of the patients with or without DM were 57.2% vs 86.5% and 50.1% vs 72.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Perioperative DM was identified as an independent adverse factor for OS and CLAD-free survival. Perioperative management of DM should be emphasized in the clinical setting of LTx.
Potential probiotic approaches to control Legionella in engineered aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Cavallaro Alessio , Rhoads William J , Huwiler Simona G , Stachler Elyse , Hammes Frederik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Opportunistic pathogens belonging to the genus Legionella are among the most reported waterborne-associated pathogens in industrialized countries. Legionella colonize a variety of engineered aquatic ecosystems and persist in biofilms where they interact with a multitude of other resident microorganisms. In this review, we assess how some of these interactions could be used to develop a biological-driven “probiotic” control approach against Legionella. We focus on: (i) mechanisms limiting the ability of Legionella to establish and replicate within some of their natural protozoan hosts; (ii) exploitative and interference competitive interactions between Legionella and other microorganisms; and (iii) the potential of predatory bacteria and phages against Legionella. This field is still emergent, and we therefore specifically highlight research for future investigations, and propose perspectives on the feasibility and public acceptance of a potential probiotic approach.
Political Risk and Economic Sectors: Chinese Overseas Public and Private Investment in the Developing World
Authors: Biglaiser Glen , Lu Kelan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article compares Chinese public and private overseas foreign direct investment (FDI) to determine how political risk affects an authoritarian developing country. Using panel data for up to 118 developing countries from 2003 to 2017, and studying different economic investment sectors (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary; energy/non-energy), we find that political risk has varying effects on Chinese overseas FDI. Chinese state firms appear to invest in higher political risk countries regardless of the economic sector, while Chinese private firms tend to invest in states who share similar political ideologies when investing in the energy/primary sector. We also find that both public and private Chinese firms choose geographically proximate countries for economically riskier investments. Our sectoral investment study offers insights into differences in Chinese public and private firms’ political risk tolerance.