bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Outcomes Among Patients With Cancer: Observations From the University of California Cancer Consortium COVID-19 Project Outcomes Registry
Authors: Borno Hala T , Kim Mi-Ok , Hong Julian C , Yousefi Sasha , Lin Amy , Tolstykh Irina , Zhang Sylvia , McKay Rana R , Harismendy Olivier , Cinar Pelin , Rugo Hope , Koshkin Vadim S , Rabow Maya , Wang Christine , Bailey Adina , Small Eric J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among patients with a cancer diagnosis have not been fully characterized. This study leverages data from a multi-institutional cohort study, the University of California Cancer COVID Consortium, to evaluate outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with cancer.MethodsClinical data were collected from March to November 2020 and included patient demographics, cancer history and treatment, SARS-CoV-2 exposure and testing, and COVID-19 clinical management and outcomes. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression permitting unequal slopes was used to evaluate the impact of demographic, disease, and treatment factors on SARS-CoV-2 related hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality.FindingsAmong all evaluated patients (n = 303), 147 (48%) were male, 118 (29%) were older adults (≥65 years old), and 104 (34%) were non-Hispanic white. A subset (n = 63, 21%) had hematologic malignancies and the remaining had solid tumors. Patients were hospitalized for acute care (n = 79, 26%), ICU-level care (n = 28, 9%), or died (n = 21, 7%) due to COVID-19. Patients with ≥2 comorbidities were more likely to require acute care (odds ratio [OR] 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-3.55]). Cough was identified as a significant predictor of ICU hospitalization (OR 2.16 [95% CI, 1.03-4.57]). Importantly, mortality was associated with an active cancer diagnosis (OR 3.64 [95% CI, 1.40-9.5]) or advanced age (OR 3.86 [95% CI, 1.2-12.44]).InterpretationThis study observed that patients with active cancer or advanced age are at an increased risk of death from COVID-19. These study observations can inform risk counseling related to COVID-19 for patients with a cancer diagnosis.
Physical properties of the molecular cloud, N4, in SS 433: Evidence for an interaction of molecular cloud with the jet from SS 433
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroaki , Okamoto Ryuji , Murata Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Imai Hiroshi , Kurahara Kohei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We conducted observations and analyses of the molecular cloud, N4, which is located at ∼40 pc from SS 433 and the same line of sight as that of the radio shell, in 12CO(J = 1–0), 12CO(J = 3–2), 13CO(J = 3–2), and grand-state OH emissions. N4 has a strong gradient of the integrated intensity of 12CO(J = 1–0, 3–2) emission at the northern, eastern, and western edges. The main body of N4 also has a velocity gradient of ∼0.16 km s−1 (20″)−1. A velocity shift by up to 3 km s−1 from the systemic velocity at ∼49 km s−1 is detected at only the northwestern part of N4. The volume density of the molecular hydrogen gas and the kinematic temperature are estimated at eight local peaks of 12CO(J = 1–0) and 13CO(J = 3–2) emissions by the RADEX code. The calculated $n_{\rm (H_2)}$ is an order of 103 cm−3, and Tk ranges from ∼20 to ∼56 K. The mass of N4 is estimated to be ∼7300 M⊙. The thermal and turbulent pressures in N4 are estimated to be ∼105 K cm−3 and ∼107 K cm−3, respectively. The relation of the thermal and turbulent pressures in N4 tends to be similar to that of the molecular clouds in the Galactic plane. However, these values are higher than those in the typical molecular clouds in the Galactic plane. Several pieces of circumstantial evidence representing the physical properties of N4 and comparison with the data of infrared and X-ray radiation suggest that N4 is interacting with a jet from SS 433. However, no gamma-ray radiation is detected toward N4. Compared to the previous study, it is hard to detect the gamma-ray radiation by cosmic-ray proton origin due to the low sensitivity of the current gamma-ray observatories. No OH emission was detected toward N4 due to the low sensitivity of the observation and antenna beam dilution.
Ammonia mapping observations toward the Galactic massive star-forming region Sh 2-255 and Sh 2-257
Authors: Kohno Mikito , Omodaka Toshihiro , Handa Toshihiro , Chibueze James O , Nagayama Takumi , Burns Ross A , Murase Takeru , Matsusaka Ren , Nakano Makoto , Sunada Kazuyoshi , Yamada Rin I , Bieging John H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We performed NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1), (2, 2), and (3, 3) mapping observations toward the Galactic massive star-forming region Sh 2-255 and Sh 2-257 using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope as a part of the KAGONMA (KAgoshima Galactic Object survey with the Nobeyama 45 metre telescope by Mapping in Ammonia lines) project. NH3 (1, 1) has an intensity peak at the cluster S255 N, is distributed over 3 pc × 2 pc, and is located between two H ii regions. The kinetic temperature derived from the NH3 (2, 2)/(1, 1) ratio was ∼35 K near the massive cluster S255 IR. These clusters also show emission with a large line width of ∼3–4 km s−1. Based on the reported data, we suggest that NH3 gas in these regions is affected by stellar feedback from embedded youn stellar object (YSO) clusters in S255 IR and S255 N. We also detected NH3 (1, 1) emission in a region west of the main gas clump at the location of a concentration of Class II YSOs adjacent to the H ii regions Sh 2-254. The presence of Class II YSOs implies ∼2 Myr of star formation, younger than Sh 2-254 (∼5 Myr), thus we suggest that star formation in the western region could be influenced by the older H ii region Sh 2-254.
Ghana Must Go: Nativism and the Politics of Expulsion in West Africa, 1969–1985
Authors: Daly Samuel Fury Childs 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Beginning in the late 1960s, the Nigerian and Ghanaian governments staged a series of massive forced removals of one another’s nationals. The first was in Ghana in 1969, and the largest was Nigeria’s 1983 deportation of over one million Ghanaians. A further expulsion from Nigeria happened in 1985, and smaller ones took place in the years that followed. Each was an enactment of the state’s sovereign right to define its national community — and a devastating blow to the principle of free movement in Africa. Using records from Nigeria and elsewhere, ‘Ghana Must Go’ places the expulsions in the longer history of law and nationality policy in the British Empire. Mass expulsions were made possible by colonial-era jurisprudence that tied political membership to indigeneity, often through codified, neo-traditional ‘customary’ laws. The mass deportations of the 1960s–1980s were underwritten by this jurisprudence, even though their immediate causes lay in economic resentment, the failure of regional co-operation, and Ghana and Nigeria’s rocky diplomatic relationship.
The Effects of Combined Respiratory-Gated Auricular Vagal Afferent Nerve Stimulation and Mindfulness Meditation for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Meints Samantha M , Garcia Ronald G , Schuman-Olivier Zev , Datko Michael , Desbordes Gaelle , Cornelius Marise , Edwards Robert R , Napadow Vitaly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Respiratory-gated Auricular Vagal Afferent Nerve stimulation (RAVANS) is a safe nonpharmacological approach to managing chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the feasibility and acceptability of RAVANS, combined with mindful meditation (MM) for chronic low back pain (CLBP), (2) the potential synergy of MM+RAVANS on improving pain, and (3) possible moderators of the influence of MM+RAVANS on pain.

Design
Pilot feasibility and acceptability study.

Setting
Pain management center at large academic medical center.

Subjects
Nineteen adults with CLBP and previous MM training.

Methods
Participants attended two sessions during which they completed quantitative sensory testing (QST), rated pain severity, and completed a MM+stimulation session. Participants received RAVANS during one visit and sham stimulation during the other, randomized in order. Following intervention, participants repeated QST.

Results
MM+RAVANS was well tolerated, acceptable, and feasible to provide relief for CLBP. Both MM+stimulation sessions resulted in improved back pain severity, punctate pain ratings, and pressure pain threshold. Individuals with greater negative affect showed greater back pain improvement from MM+RAVANS while those with greater mindfulness showed greater back pain improvement from MM+sham.

Conclusions
Results suggest that for CLBP patients with prior MM training, the analgesic effects of MM may have overshadowed effects of RAVANS given the brief single session MM+RAVANS intervention. However, those with greater negative affect may benefit from combined MM+RAVANS.
Enabling Policing to Be Better: Lessons from Two Case Studies in Police Collaboration
Authors: Zaghloul Fatema , Partridge Justin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the UK, the introduction of austerity measures for public services has intensified the thinking around inter-organizational collaboration between emergency services and other public and/or private sector organizations. Theoretically, while collaborative benefits are held up as beacons that drive organizations to participate in inter-organizational arrangements, a high number of such arrangements fail. In this paper, we explored the factors that influenced the collaboration process in the context of developing ‘collaborative information infrastructures’, from an organizational and collaboration level perspective, via a multiple case study approach. Our findings offer insights into how policymakers and public managers could improve their practices by considering their approach towards, and impact of, these factors when implementing collaborative projects in information technology and information systems.
Police and the Pandemic Response in India—Findings from Kerala
Authors: Kumar T K Vinod 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 is a challenge the likes of which the world has not witnessed in recent times. Response to the pandemic has both medical and non-medical facets. The non-medical response includes measures such as social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown. The police have a significant role in the implementation of these measures. Using time-series analyses, the data from one district and the state of Kerala were examined to ascertain whether the police efforts had an impact on the spread of the disease. The study concludes that the interventions by the police had a significant effect in reducing the spread of the disease.
On the Distribution of the Number of Lattice Points in Norm Balls on the Heisenberg Groups
Authors: Gath Yoav A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the fluctuations in the number of integral lattice points on the Heisenberg groups which lie inside a Cygan–Korányi ball of large radius. Let $$ \mathcal{E}_{q}(x)=\big|\mathbb{Z}^{2q+1}\cap\delta_{x}\mathcal{B}\big|-\textit{vol}\big(\mathcal{B}\big)x^{2q+2}\,, $$ be the error term which occurs for this lattice point counting problem on the $(2q + 1)$-dimensional Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}_{q}$, where $\mathcal{B}=\{\mathbf{u}\in\mathbb{R}^{2q+1}:|\mathbf{u}|_{{Cyg}}\leq\,1\}$ is the unit ball with respect to the Cygan–Korányi norm $$ |\mathbf{u}|_{{Cyg}}=\Big(\Big(u^{2}_{1}+\cdots+u^{2}_{2q}\Big)^{2}+u^{2}_{2q+1}\Big)^{1/4}\,, $$ and $\big\{\delta_{x}\big\}_{x\gt0}$ are the Heisenberg dilations given by $\delta_{x}\mathbf{u}=(xu_{{1}},\ldots, xu_{{2q}},x^{2}u_{{2q+1}})$.For $q\geq\,3$, we prove that the suitably normalized error term $\mathcal{E}_{q}(x)/x^{2q-1}$ has a limiting value distribution in the sense that there exists a probability density $\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)$ such that for any interval $\mathcal{I}$, $$ \lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{1}{X}\textit{meas}\Big\{x\in[X,2X]:\mathcal{E}_{q}(x)/x^{2q-1}\in\mathcal{I}\Big\}=\int\limits_{\mathcal{I}}\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)\textit{d}\alpha\,. $$ The density $\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)$ is an entire function of α which satisfies, for any non-negative integer $j\geq\,0$ and any real α, $|\alpha|$ sufficiently large in terms of j and q, the upper bound $$ \begin{split} \big|\mathcal{P}^{(j)}_{q}(\alpha)\big|\leq\exp{\Big(-|\alpha|^{4-\beta/\log\log{|\alpha|}}\Big)}\,, \end{split} $$ where β &gt; 0 is an absolute constant. In addition, we prove that $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\alpha\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)\textit{d}\alpha=0$ and $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\alpha^{3}\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)\textit{d}\alpha\lt0$, and we derive an explicit formula for the j-th integral moment of the density $\mathcal{P}_{q}(\alpha)$ for any integer $j\geq\,1$.
Spirits and Skins: The Sceapheord of Exeter Book Riddle 13 and Holy Labour
Authors: Burns Rachel A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While the unnamed creatures of Exeter Book Riddle 13 have been read as ‘chickens’ since the early twentieth century, this solution has never fully satisfied either the narrative description or the cryptic puzzles of this short verse text. In this article, I propose a new solution, the Old English word SCEAPHEORD (‘flock of sheep’), which fulfils the various clues of the riddle and fits more satisfactorily among the quadruped cluster of neighbouring Riddles 12, 14 and 15. Far from settling the meaning of the text, this new solution opens the riddle to a range of interpretative possibilities. Following previous critical work on the role of medieval riddles in teaching interpretative practice, I will demonstrate that the riddle invites readings of the wandering sceapheord on several discrete levels, in a process analogous to fourfold biblical exegesis: the literal (a flock of sheep), the historical (allusions to biblical Eden, following Patrick Murphy) and the anagogical (images of renewal and salvation). A fourth, moral level of interpretation is revealed through attention to the riddle’s letter-games and etymological puns, which, in the Isidorean tradition, portray human language as reflective of material reality. By emphasizing this relationship between the textual and the real, the poem encourages monks to apply their skills of exegetical analysis to their daily labour (represented by the ubiquity of sheep-rearing in the early medieval English economy). While celebrating the spiritual meaning of individual acts of manual labour, Riddle 13 also reinforces the moral and theological importance of collective monastic work.
Learning the Ropes of Tatparya: Revival of the Mimansa Rules of Interpretation
Authors: Agarwal Krishna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The primary task of the judiciary while interpreting the statute is to ascertain the true intention of the legislature. Maxwell on the interpretation of Statutes, setting out the principles evolved by the English Courts, is of immense help in the interpretation of statutes. An indigenous alternative that has been used by the Indian judiciary time and again is the Mimansa Rules which are the traditional rules of interpretation laid down by Jaimini to interpret Brahmanas. Despite dating back to the 5th century BC, these principles are considered scientific to an extent that they can be used to interpret the modern statutes and judgments. The Indian judiciary has adopted the principles of Mimansa to adjudicate several disputes about statutory interpretation. In light of these judgments, the researcher examines the scientific nature and application of the Mimansa Rules of Interpretation in contemporary times in parallel with the Maxwell’s Principles.
The nature of a beneficiary’s interest under a Jersey law trust: Kea Investments v Watson in its historical context
Authors: Williams Sam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Kea Investments v Watson [2021] JRC 009, the Royal Court of Jersey considered for the first time whether a beneficiary’s interest under a discretionary trust could be the subject of distraint by a judgment creditor. This article places the decision in its historical context and argues that it reflects the inherent difficulty in reconciling a system of property law which in Jersey has its roots in the customary law of Normandy, and the quintessentially English law concept of the trust as transposed to the island.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and pediatric asthma: friend or foe?
Authors: Abrams Elissa M. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The interplay of asthma and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children is yet unknown. The purpose of this review is to determine the interplay of asthma and asthma therapeutics and COVID-19.

Recent findings
There is no evidence to date that asthma is a risk factor for more severe COVID-19 outcomes, especially in children. There is actually some basis to suggest that children with atopic asthma may be at reduced risk of asthma exacerbations during COVID-19. The impact of asthma therapeutics on COVID-19 outcomes is unclear, but guidance is relatively uniform in recommending that those with asthma remain on current asthma medications. A focus on social determinants of health may be increasingly important during the pandemic and beyond.

Summary
Asthma in children appears to be more friend, than foe, during COVID-19.
Predicting the course of asthma from childhood until early adulthood
Authors: Koefoed Hans Jacob L. , Vonk Judith M. , Koppelman Gerard H. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
To communicate recent insights about the natural history of childhood asthma, with a focus on prediction of persistence and remission of childhood asthma, up to early adulthood.

Recent findings
Lung function around the age of 8–9 years is the strongest predictor: obstructive lung function predicts asthma persistence up to early adulthood, whereas normal lung function predicts remission. The ability to predict asthma remission improves when lung function is combined with blood eosinophil levels and degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interventions, such as inhaled corticosteroids and immunotherapy do not appear to alter the course of asthma. Epigenetic studies have revealed potential novel biomarkers of asthma remission, such as micro-RNA patterns in blood. Specifically, lower serum levels of mi-R221-5p, which is associated with lower IL-6 release and eosinophilic inflammation, predict remission. Higher levels of blood DNA-methylation of a CpG site in Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 11 Beta were associated with asthma remission.

Summary
Lung function, allergic comorbidity and polysensitization in childhood predict the course of asthma. Recent epigenetic studies have provided a better understanding of underlying pathological processes in asthma remission, which may be used to improve prediction or develop novel treatments aimed at altering the course of asthma.
Current strategies for phenotyping and managing asthma in preschool children
Authors: Feleszko Wojciech , Jartti Tuomas , Bacharier Leonard B. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Half of all children will experience an episode of wheezing by 6 years. Recurrent preschool wheezing is associated with early lung function loss and has a lifelong impact on airway health, so deciding which children should be treated to prevent exacerbations while also avoiding irreversible health consequences is crucial. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical approach to the pediatric patient under 5 years of age with asthma, with particular attention to the recent enhanced identification of wheeze phenotypes.

Recent findings
Here, we note the difficulty of defining ‘asthma’ for this age group and advocate that it be determined by the set of respiratory symptoms presented, without assumptions about the underlying mechanisms of the disease. In addition, we propose a forward-looking approach, what treatment to apply to particular phenotypes, which child should be treated, and, if so, which treatment strategy to choose. No clear recommendation exists for the management of nonallergic preschool wheezing, a substantial clinical and research gap.

Summary
We recommend an empathetic approach to parent anxiety and considering objective markers: timing, severity, and frequency of symptoms, along with an assessment of other biomarkers, including viral etiology, aeroallergen sensitization, and blood eosinophils, that contribute to successful decision-making.
MRI Predictors of Residual Dysplasia in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Following Open and Closed Reduction
Authors: Johnson Mitchell A. , Gohel Shivani , Nguyen Jie C. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Following open or closed reduction for children with developmental dysplasia of the hip, there remains a significant risk of residual acetabular dysplasia which can compromise the long-term health of the hip joint. The purpose of this study was to use postoperative in-spica magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to determine factors predictive of residual acetabular dysplasia at short-term follow-up.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 63 hips in 48 patients which underwent closed or open reduction and spica casting for developmental dysplasia of the hip. MRI performed in-spica at ∼3-week follow-up were used to assess 11 validated metrics and 2 subjective factors. Acetabular index (AI) was measured on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs at 2-year postoperative follow-up. Binary logistic regression was then used to identify variables predictive of residual dysplasia, defined as an AI greater than the 90th percentile for age based on historic normative data.

Results:
Average age at surgical reduction was 9.3±3.2 months. 58.7% (37/63) of reductions were open. A total of 43 (68.3%) hips demonstrated residual acetabular dysplasia at 2 years postoperatively based on normative values. In those with persistent dysplasia, patients were on average older at the time of reduction (10.0 mo±3.2 vs. 8.0 mo±2.8, P=0.010) and more likely female (88.4% vs. 60.0%, P=0.010). Patients with residual dysplasia were more likely to have mild subluxation on postoperative MRI (40.0% vs. 10.5%, P=0.022). Hips with a cartilaginous acetabular index (CAI) of >23 degrees were 7.6 times more likely to develop residual dysplasia. Type of reduction (ie, closed vs. open) did not appear to influence the rate of residual dysplasia (P=0.682).

Conclusion:
In this series, the rate of residual dysplasia after surgical reduction was higher than most previous reports, with no appreciable difference between closed and open reductions. Older age, female sex, and a higher CAI were associated with a greater risk of persistent radiographic dysplasia. In particular, hips with a CAI >23 degrees were 7.6 times more likely to be dysplastic at 2-year follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.