bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genital ulcer disease: A review
Authors: Ahmed Jaweed , Rawre Jyoti , Dhawan Neha , Dudani Pankhuri , Khanna Neena , Dhawan Benu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genital ulcer disease (GUD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is an important risk factor for the acquisition of HIV. GUD is mainly caused by five sexually transmitted infections. Three pathogens most frequently associated with GUD are herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi. Although their prevalence varies among different geographical regions, HSV-2 is the leading cause of this syndrome globally. In recent years, there has been an epidemiological transition of HSV-1 with a growing role of this virus as a causative agent of GUD. GUD may present with unique features depending on the etiological agent that can help clinicians identify the etiology and start treatment. However, owing to atypical presentations and co-infections, an accurate clinical diagnosis is often a challenge without confirmatory laboratory tests. Standard methods used to detect the causative pathogens of GUD have limitations. Molecular methods can provide a more sensitive and rapid microbiological diagnosis, with detection of the pathogen from the clinical sample directly. In situations where no laboratory support is available, the syndromic approach for management should be followed. The current scenario, clinical presentation (typical and atypical), laboratory diagnosis, and management of GUD will be discussed in this review. We searched PubMed literature and Google search engine using the terms “genital ulcer disease,” “epidemiology of genital ulcer disease,” and “clinical features of genital ulcer disease and atypical presentations” and relevant literature was selected to provide current perspectives of GUD.
Peritraumatic distress in Southern Indian inhabitants during second wave COVID-19 pandemic: A community-level survey
Authors: Ravoori Srinivas , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Yaddanapalli Suresh C. , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Khan Nadeem Ahmed , Yeramala Varsha 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease which has ruining and dismantling the harmony of people internationally, its development and spread, creates turmoil, nervousness and dread among worldwide.

Aim:
To evaluate seriousness of peritraumatic problems among southern Indian inhabitants during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
A referral sampling technique was continued until a sufficient sample size was reached, while this self-administered survey catches insights about depression, fears, psychological change, evasion cognitive change, and collectively quantifies the stress on a scale of 0–60. Expressive factual examinations were utilized to sum up clear cut information and inferential measurable investigations included Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlations were done.

Results:
The study included only those participants who understood English and had access to the internet. Inconsequential outcomes were found among gender in which both male and female members frequently showed apprehension and nervousness about COVID-19. 44.8% tried not to watch the news on COVID-19 as they were excessively frightened and make frenzy to family members. 90.9% of participants with lower education levels were more stressed over the thought of getting COVID-19 when showing manifestations related with the novel corona virus, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The current assessment shows that almost all the study participants have felt restless, uncomfortable and terrified of watching the news whilst stressed over appearances related with COVID-19 due to their greater access to information.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the sudden onset of Mucormycosis in the Indian subcontinent-A review
Authors: Mahesh Shakila , Srivastava Samridhi , Sakshi  , Tripathi Riya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mucormycosis or black fungus is a rare fungal infection, but cases are rising amidst the Coronavirus pandemic. The disease mostly infects immunocompromised patients including diabetics and those receiving corticosteroid therapy. The most common etiological agent is Rhizopus arrhizus, from the Mucorales family of fungi. The fungal spores may affect the nose and sinuses, the respiratory tract, renal tract, cutaneous tissues, or may be disseminated throughout the body. Early detection can be done by PCR technique, but direct microscopy is also commonly done. Treatment is most commonly done using high-cost liposomal Amphotericin B injections. Surgical debridement of the affected tissues may sometimes be necessary. Knowledge of the disease and its management techniques is absolutely essential for healthcare professionals in the current scenario. Early diagnosis may improve prognosis. In this narrative review, we seek to provide an overview of the most essential features of Mucormycosis, especially in association with SARS-CoV-2.
Burden of iodine deficiency disorders and its association with various sociodemographic variables in a district of North East India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Himashree , Agarwalla Rashmi , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Chutia Happy , Nath Chandan K. , Pala Star 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Iodine is one such micronutrient, the deficiency of which can impair the mental growth and development of young children and is the leading cause of preventable mental impairment. The present study has been conducted to study the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) and its association with various sociodemographic variables among children (6–12 years) residing in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya.

Methods:
The sample size was 2700 with a multistage 30 cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the various sociodemographic variables. The weight and height of each child were recorded as per the standard procedure. In order to assess goitre, children were examined as per standard procedures prescribed by the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme (NIDDCP).

Results:
A total of 2700 children were interviewed in total. Out of these, 1365 (50.5%) were males. The total goitre rate was found to be 195 (7.22%), indicating that IDDs are a mild public health problem in the study area. The median (interquartile range) urinary iodine excretion levels were 150 (108.05–189.37) mg/L. With respect to weight-for-age, it was observed that 93 (3.9%) children were severely underweight and 389 (16.8%) had severe stunting. A significant association was observed between goitre with the age group of children (p <.00001), maternal education (p <.00001), prevalence of stunting (p <.00001), and underweight (p <.05).
Benefits and challenges of fostering research-focused communities of practice at a specialised health sciences university: An exploratory study
Authors: Al-Nasser Sami , Masuadi Emad Mohamed , Salaad Idris Mohamud , Aldayel Ahmad Ibrahim , Alharbi Abdullah Sami , Alothman Abdullah Mansour , Alkanhal Hamad Mohammed , Alothman Faisal Mohammed , Safi Mohammed Faisal 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Structured undergraduate research, whether mandatory or elective, provides undergraduate students with a unique opportunity to develop their research skills. However, the majority of the students undertake individual research projects rather than working in a group. This study explores the perceived benefits and challenges of fostering research focused communities of practice at a specialised health sciences university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC). A self-administered questionnaire was developed that assessed the perceived benefits and challenges of doing research in groups. Data were collected using a mixture of a dichotomous and a 5-point Likert scale and were analysed using Statistical Program for Social Scientists (SPSS).

Results:
Of the 380 medical students invited to participate in this study, 307 completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 80.7%. The majority of the medical students (87%) agreed on the importance of teamwork in conducting medical research. Almost all medical students (96%) believed patience and tolerance were required to make the team successful. Significant differences were found between junior and senior medical students regarding their perceived benefits (P-value = 0.0001) and challenges (P-value = 0.0007).

Conclusion:
Although most of the students believed that doing research in groups is essential and that working within such groups enhances their research knowledge, forming these research groups was not without problems. The need for patience and tolerance to keep the group together, the issue of free-riders and the difficulties related to which research group to join were some of the challenges students encountered.
Exploring the value of a multidisciplinary-led medication review for elderly individuals at a long-term care facility performed by four different health-care professions in an equal and closely integrated collaboration
Authors: Frandsen Sara , Drastrup Anne M. , Dalin Dagmar A. , Vermehren Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The increasing population of elderly individuals had led to an increasing number of polypharmacy patients. Polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse drug reactions and hospitalization. One means to combat polypharmacy involves performing medication reviews, which can be conducted by different methods and stakeholders.

Objective:
The study objective was to explore the value of involving different health-care professions in medication reviews at an equal and closely integrated collaborative physical meeting for elderly individuals at a long-term care facility. A specific focus was to explore the contributions and opinions of the different health-care professionals regarding the medication review process.

Materials and Methods:
A single case study was applied to perform an in-depth study of a group of health-care professionals performing medication reviews in collaboration. Hence, the study was performed in two settings: 1) the practical execution of medication reviews at a long-term care facility in an interprofessional team and 2) qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted to explore the forms of work done by different professional groups in performing an interdisciplinary medication review.

Results:
Forty-nine residents from a long-term care facility were included in the study and were offered a medication review. In total, they reported 573 prescriptions, for which 150 changes were recommended by the interprofessional team. At the 3- and 8-month follow-ups, 30.0% and 49.5% of the accepted recommendations had been implemented, respectively. According to the interview, the results reveal that the interdisciplinarity of the interprofessional team was perceived as a great advantage to the results of the medication reviews.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that performing medication reviews in interprofessional collaboration improves the perceived quality of such reviews with a more complete picture of the residents and their medications, leading to more personalized recommendations and resulting in optimized medication reviews for the individual patients.
Identification of factors contributing to the development of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures- A prospective study
Authors: Venkatakrishnaiah Nagakiran K. , Anandkumar Uma M. , Wooly Sameer , Rajkamal Guda , Gadiyar H. Balakrishna , P Janakiraman 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Geriatric hip fractures are a major cause of concern globally and often a frequent reason for morbidity and mortality. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent but often under-diagnosed complication, especially after a major hip surgery. Some of the factors that have been associated with POD are diabetes, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading, electrolyte imbalance, and blood pressure fluctuations. Malnutrition as a risk factor is only recently being recognized. Although there are many possible risk factors reported, they are quite conflicting and not very clear. Therefore, we have attempted to conduct this study to identify the potential risk factors for the development of POD in patients with hip fractures.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was performed on 110 geriatric hip fracture patients admitted to tertiary health care in South India. Data regarding preoperative blood investigations, ASA grading, hypertension and diabetes status, MNA (mini nutritional assessments) status, serum albumin, and serum electrolytes values were recorded. The Confusion Assessment Method tool (CAM) was used to diagnose delirium in the postoperative period. Statistical analysis was done for various factors influencing the occurrence of POD.

Results:
Among the total of 110 cases of geriatric hip fractures patients, 44.5% of the patients developed postoperative delirium. Advancing age, hypoalbuminemia, malnourishment, and uncontrolled diabetes played an important role to the development of post operative delirium in patients with hip fractures.

Conclusion:
Advancing age, hypoalbuminemia, malnourishment, and uncontrolled diabetes are strong predictors for the development of postoperative delirium in geriatric hip fracture patients. Since age is a non-modifiable risk factor, interventional strategies aimed at correcting modifiable risk factors like nutrition, serum albumin levels, and diabetes control play an important part in preventing delirium in the postoperative period in elderly hip fracture patients.
MeSH terms: Hip Fractures, Postoperative Complication, Delirium, Nutrition Assessment, Serum Albumin
School reopening: Back to classroom. A systematic review of strategies and their implementation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dewan Manasvee , Sharma Neha , Panda Pragyan S. , Banerjee Priyanka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
School closure has affected millions of students worldwide. After more than a year of school closure, steps have been taken to re-start in-person schooling. These strategies have worked well for many setups; however, there are some gaps that have led to repeated sessions of closure and reopening of schools. We have studied these plans of reopening schools and looked into changes that can improve their execution. In this study, we have studied the impact of school reopening in the transmission of SARS CoV-2 in various countries, both developed and developing nations. We have reviewed the measures taken in different countries to reopen schools. We have studied how effective these measures were so as to chart out plans from them to execute our strategies in the country. Both urban and rural setups have been taken in to account. We have searched the electronic databases, PubMed and MEDLINE, and bibliographies of relevant studies were included. We have used the keywords “COVID-19,” “school,” “reopening,” “prevention,” “strategies,” and “transmission.” We have manually searched for studies addressing school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic. PRISMA approach has been adopted to study the articles systematically. After reviewing different studies on school reopening, a low transmission rate among students was noted in 12 out of 13 studies. Measures such as hand hygiene, masks, and contact tracing are fundamental in preventing the spread of infection in schools.
Adaptation status and related factors in patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Razavi Mohammadreza , Khatiban Mahnaz , Ahmadi Fazloallah , Oshvandi Khodayar 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the only approach to treat patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Adaptation and acceptance of ICD play an important role in the optimal treatment of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine adaptation status and related factors in patients living with ICDs.

Methods and Materials:
In this descriptive–analytical study, 148 patients referred to Kowsar Hospital in Shiraz and Farshchian Hospital in Hamedan city between July 2020 and September 2021 were included in the study. Patients’ adjustment status was measured based on the mode of the Roy nursing model and using the Baecke physical activity questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality, mini nutritional assessment (MNA) nutrition questionnaire, constipation scoring questionnaire, self-concept scale, and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS).

Results:
Patients had low physical activity and poor sleep quality. Negative self-concept in relation to the disease and adherence to physicians’ recommendations was observed among patients. In addition, patients did not have optimal interpersonal communication. Multivariate regression findings showed that the number of years of device implantation and the number of shock discharges are effective factors in the incidence of insomnia and the negative self-concept of patients.

Conclusion:
Patients living with ICD did not adjust to the new conditions after placement of the device. Low level of physical activity and sleep disturbance and also negative self-concept about the disease and adherence to treatment was observed among the patients. Shock discharges and duration of the device implantation were associated with impaired self-concept and insomnia in the patients.
Closing human resources gap in health: Moving beyond production to proactive recruitments
Authors: Kumar Shobhit , Sarwal Rakesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human Resources for Health (HRH) plays an integral role in healthcare service delivery. Gap in HRH has been a major concern with our healthcare ecosystem for a long time. It is vital to have adequately staffed public healthcare facilities, which are freely accessible to the population. To understand the reasons, we looked at the production, availability, and vacancies of HRH existing in public sector as well as measures taken for closing HRH gap during the period 2014–2015 to 2019–2020 and best practices adopted by the some of the State/UTs. We relied on official websites and official reports/statistics. While teaching capacity has increased significantly in recent past, and there are sufficient numbers of registered HRH, it has not translated into the recruitment of HRH in public facilities. Measures like campus placement, assured career progression, efficient and transparent recruitment process, modern and responsive HR management system, financial and non-financial incentives and notification of the vacant posts can play a vital role in filling the existing gaps. Some of the states have taken proactive measures for filling the vacancies, which can be replicated. The vacancies need to be filled in a mission mode. States also need to sanction required posts as per the norms. The ratio between different categories of healhtcare staff should be taken into consideration while sanctioning posts for these cadres. Availability of HRH in public sector as per norms would contribute toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal-3, reducing out of pocket expenditure and bring enormous socioeconomic gains.
Home-based newborn care (HBNC) under the national health mission in urban India – A cross country secondary analysis
Authors: Hannah Erin , Dumka Neha , Ahmed Tarannum , Bhagat Deepak K. , Kotwal Atul 
Published: September 2022

Background:
There is a paucity of evidence in the coverage of the home-based newborn care (HBNC) program delivered through the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Hence, an analysis was undertaken to identify gaps and progress in its implementation and inform policy and strategies to achieve universal access to newborn services.

Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate and understand the status of the HBNC program in urban areas of India through a health systems approach.

Methods:
Cross-sectional intra-country study was undertaken based on facility records and supporting literature available in the public domain. After categorizing the states into four groups, the programme’s status in urban areas was analysed and presented in median and interquartile ranges. Statistical significance in the difference between the medians across the groups was checked using the Kruskal Wallis test.

Results:
Overall, the median full HBNC coverage was less than one-fifth (< 20%) of the total reported live births (P = 0.17). Excepting the union territories (UTs), the median coverage was found to be less than one-fifth (< 20%) of the reported institutional deliveries (P = 0.16) and more than half (> 50%) of the reported home deliveries (P = 0.83) in urban areas. The differences in the medians across the groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The differential coverage calls for strengthening referral linkages to specialized newborn care facilities, ensuring skilled personnel at varying levels of facilities, and improving the engagement of frontline workers in urban communities under the NUHM.
Bacterial coinfections in COVID: Prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity patterns and clinical outcomes from a tertiary institute of Northern India
Authors: Sahu Chinmoy , Singh Sweta , Pathak Ashutosh , Singh Sanjay , Patel Sangram Singh , Ghoshal Ujjala , Garg Atul 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Bacterial coinfections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during viral infections including corona virus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to comprehend the complex connection between bacterial and viral infections. During the current pandemic, systematic testing of the COVID-19 patients having bacterial coinfections is essential to choose the correct antibiotics for treatment and prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study was planned to study the prevalence, demographic parameters, comorbidities, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfections.

Material and Methods:
The COVID-19 patients having bacterial coinfections were selected for the study and analyzed for the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivities, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. The bacterial isolates were identified and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results:
Of the total 1,019 COVID-19 patients screened, 5.2% (n = 53) demonstrated clinical signs of bacterial coinfection. Escherichia coli were the most common isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. among the gram-negative bacterial infections. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus were most common among the gram-positive bacterial infections. The antibiotic sensitivity profiling revealed that colistin (99%), imipenem (78%), and fosfomycin (95%) were the most effective drugs against the gram-negative isolates while vancomycin (100%), teicoplanin (99%), and doxycycline (71%) were most potent against the gram-positive isolates. The analysis of the clinical parameters and outcomes revealed that among the COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfections, the mortality rate was higher (39%) than the control group (17%) (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study reveals the significantly increased rates of bacterial coinfections among COVID-19 patients which may lead to an increase in mortality. This study will guide the physicians at the primary level on the rational and correct usage of antibiotics in such COVID cases. Hence, systematic testing of COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfections is the need of the hour to decrease the mortality rate and limit the spread of AMR.