bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of Rahnella victoriana associated with bacterial canker of Eucalyptus in Iran
Authors: Basavand Esmaeil , Khodaygan Pejman , Ghelardini Luisa , Rahimian Heshmatollah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEucalypts are cultivated in many regions of the world because of their amenability to intensive plantation forestry (environmental adaptability and plasticity of clones, fast growth, easiness of rooting and strong re‐sprouting after coppicing), quality of the timber for multiple uses and high economic performance. Symptomatic Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees were sampled at two sites in the Mazandaran province of Iran. Plants showed trunk bark cracking and cankers accompanied by dark‐brown watery exudation from damaged tissues. Isolation, purification along with phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates were performed using routine bacteriological methods. Finally, the bacterial isolates obtained from cankers on symptomatic eucalyptus plants were identified as Rahnella victoriana based on results of biochemical tests in combination with analyses of partial sequences of the 16S rRNA, gyrB,rpoB, and atpD gene regions. When representative isolates were inoculated into the stem of 1‐year‐old E. camaldulensis saplings, necrotic lesions were visible in external and internal bark tissues 30 days after inoculation. The bacteria were re‐isolated from lesions up to 2 months post‐inoculation. This is the first report of bacterial canker of Eucalyptus caused by R. victoriana in Iran and in the world.
Explaining declines of newt abundance in northern Italy
Authors: Falaschi Mattia , Muraro Martina , Gibertini Chiara , Delle Monache Daniele , Lo Parrino Elia , Faraci Federico , Belluardo Francesco , Di Nicola Matteo Riccardo , Manenti Raoul , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Amphibians are an exemplary case of the current biodiversity crisis, being among the vertebrates suffering the fastest decline. Population dynamics of amphibians can result from processes acting at different scales. Both the local characteristics of breeding wetlands and the features of the surrounding landscape can strongly affect the temporal dynamics of amphibian populations. European newts are particularly threatened by land‐use change and invasive alien species. While it is known that newts are declining across Europe, few studies have performed broad‐scale assessments of their decline, either because abundance dynamics are more complex to analyse than presence/absence data or because they require a high sampling effort and long‐term monitoring.

In this study, we show that long‐term distribution data can be combined with demographic models to quantify the decline in abundance of newt species at the regional scale, and to assess the importance of multiple factors in determining abundance dynamics. We performed multiple surveys between 1996 and 2020 and used N‐mixture models in a Bayesian framework. We then calculated abundance changes between the first and the last sampling season, which were performed with an average timespan of 13 years across all wetlands.

Both Italian crested newts and smooth newts showed large declines, with an average estimated abundance loss between the first and last sampling season of 57% and 63%, respectively. Local characteristics of the wetlands were the main determinants of abundance dynamics: the abundance of both species showed a positive relationship with the area and the permanence of the wetland and a negative relationship with the presence of fish. Additionally, the abundance of Italian crested newts was negatively related to the presence of invasive crayfish. No relationship was detected between abundance and terrestrial habitat availability or connectivity measures.

Despite uncertainties in the absolute values of estimated abundance, the striking regional‐scale decline of newts is evident. Among the major determinants of population dynamics, fish and crayfish presence increased their prevalence in the study area, while other factors remained more stable. Management actions aimed at eradicating or controlling invasive fish and crayfish might halt abundance loss and even revert this declining trend.

The application of N‐mixture models to long‐term data from representative sites permits the analysis of temporal trends of species at the regional scale even when data come from complex monitoring schemes. We found large declines in abundance of two newt species, suggesting that European newts may be more threatened than previously thought.
Advances in nanotechnology‐based hair care products applied to hair shaft and hair scalp disorders
Authors: Santos Júlia Scherer , Barradas Thais Nogueira , Tavares Guilherme Diniz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveNanotechnology has been intensively applied to the development of novel cosmetic products for hair and scalp care during the last decades. Such a trend is corroborated by the fact that about 19% of the total nanocosmetics registered in the StatNano database are intended for hair and scalp care. Nanotechnology‐enabled formulations based on nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, liposomes and nanoemulsions have emerged as novel approaches due to chemical stability and their controlled release. Regarding hair care formulations, nanocarriers can target the hair shaft, hair follicle and scalp. Therefore, they have been used to treat several hair disorders, including dandruff and other hair‐damaging conditions.MethodsThis review addressed the most important nanocarriers applied to hair‐related disorders improvement. Furthermore, the application for hair photoprotection and improvement of hair colour duration by nanotechnological formulations is also approached. Besides, we provided an overview of the current scenario of available nano‐based commercial hair products and novel patented inventions.ResultsFrom the patent search, the Patent Cooperation Treaty was pointed as the most important depositing agency while the United States of America has been the most depositing country. On the contrary, according to the StatNano database, Brazil stands out in the hair care worldwide market, and it is also the main producer of hair cosmetics based on nanotechnology.ConclusionAs nano‐based products offer several advantages over conventional cosmetics, it is expected that in future, there will be more research on nanocarriers applied to hair disorders, as well as commercial products and patent applications.
Particle size distribution and homogenisation efficiency in high‐pressure homogenisation of wheat germ oil‐water system
Authors: Lai Quoc Dat , Huynh Thi Thuy Loan , Doan Ngoc Thuc Trinh , Nguyen Hoang Dung 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWheat germ oil (WGO) is well‐known as a good source of vegetable oil due to its nutrients and health benefits. Emulsification is a process that improves the incorporation of oil into food. High‐pressure homogenisation (HPH) is a nonthermal and soft technique with enormous potential in oil‐in‐water emulsification. This paper focussed on the application of HPH for emulsification of WGO‐in‐water system. Influences of homogenisation pressure (100–300 bar), oil fraction (10–20% v/v) and lecithin adding (0–0.2% w/v of content) on the homogenisation were evaluated based on distribution of particles diameter and homogenisation efficiency. The increase in operating pressure and lecithin ratio decreased the particle size and increased the emulsion stability, and vice versa for oil fraction. The findings imply that the investigated factors significantly influenced particle size and emulsion system stability. The regression model between mean particle diameter and technical conditions of emulsion was established. With HPH treatment conditions of 300 bar operating pressure, 10% (v/v) oil fraction and 0.2% (w/v) lecithin created an emulsion system with a mean particle size of 3.32 µm, more than 50% of the volume of particles smaller than 1.5 µm of diameter and the homogenisation efficiency of 98.61%. HPH exhibits high efficiency and potential in WGO‐in‐water emulsification application.
Critical migration policy narratives from West Africa
Authors: Teye Joseph Kofi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough there are contesting perspectives on migration, there is little understanding of how narratives of various policy actors shape migration governance in West Africa. This paper relies on a desk‐review and qualitative data to examine the narratives that shape migration policy formulation and outcomes in West Africa. The findings indicate that while various stakeholders have been championing divergent narratives on migration, programmes that have been adopted by West African countries to manage migration have largely been based on the narratives of political elite and international development partners, although there were situations where these narratives were not supported by any strong evidence. While early views on the impacts of international migration portrayed it as a threat to socio‐economic development, more recent narratives have recognized the potential of migration to contribute to socio‐economic transformation. Consequently, various West African countries are developing policies to harness the benefits of immigration, emigration and return migration for socio‐economic development.
Theory‐based capacity building intervention for intersectoral action for health at local governments: An exploratory pilot study
Authors: Hernantes Naia , Bermejo‐Martins Elena , Øvergård Kjell Ivar , Pumar‐Mendez María Jesús , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga , Iriarte‐Roteta Andrea , Antoñanzas‐Baztan Elena , Mujika Agurtzane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo design, implement and evaluate a nurse‐led capacity building intervention (PromoGOB) for intersectoral action for health at local governments.DesignThe programme was based on theories of the policy process and organizational change and facilitated by a nurse developing a health broker role. A complex intervention perspective was adopted in carrying out the study. The intervention was evaluated using a mixed method embedded design.MethodsQuantitative component relied on a specific questionnaire. This tool, designed and piloted ad hoc, measured the capacity in terms of knowledge, awareness, resources, skills, and commitment, both at sectoral and government levels. For the qualitative component, semi‐structured interviews were conducted. These explored the perceived capacity and feasibility and acceptability issues. The programme was initiated at the end of October 2019, and it lasted a total of 5 weeks. Nineteen individuals representing various sectors at a local government in northern Spain participated in the study. The data analysis was concluded by the end of March 2020.FindingsPromoGOB positively influenced participants' capacity for addressing health promotion. Awareness component, intersectoral work and the nurse as health broker were essential in the programme. The necessity of political participation was identified as an issue to be prioritized in future studies.ConclusionThis study highlights the relevance of capacity building at local governments and the role that nurses can play in it. Further work should be undertaken to continue developing Health in All Policies approach at local level.ImpactThis study offers a starting point for nurses to get involved in the policy process of health promotion, performing a specific role as health brokers, building capacity at local governments for addressing social determinants of health, and delving into theories and concepts of the Health in All Policies field.
The integration of emerging technologies in socioeconomically disadvantaged educational contexts. The view of international experts
Authors: García‐Vandewalle García José Manuel , García‐Carmona Marina , Trujillo Torres Juan Manuel , Moya‐Fernández Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of students' digital skills is essential to access the labour market and interact with society, being especially important in disadvantaged socioeconomic contexts affected by the digital divide.ObjectivesThe investigation has two objectives. On the one hand, to study the integration of ICT in disadvantaged contexts and, on the other, to know the critical use that is made of them in schools as a source of educational change.MethodsIn this research, eight international experts in education are interviewed on what they consider to be the best way of implementing new technologies in disadvantaged contexts to achieve educational improvement. A mixed methodology has been used, qualitative through semi‐structured interviews and quantitative through a text mining analysis of the interviews' transcripts with the R programming language.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that the teaching staff is the key element. The curriculum, objectives and school director's help are also highlighted, as well as the collaboration of the students who have to be provided with the necessary digital resources. At the state level, greater funding and support from universities are needed to support research and the quality of teacher training.
Comparison of glucose time in range and area under curve in range in relation to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Lu Jingyi , Shen Yun , Ni Jiaying , Zhang Lei , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims/introductionWe proposed a novel continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐based metric, area under the curve in range (AucIR), for integrating both the amplitude and duration of dysglycemia, and further compared AucIR with the emerging key CGM‐derived metric, time in range (TIR).Materials and methodsA total of 2,030 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled during May 2020 to October 2021. AucIR and TIR were measured with 7‐day CGM data. Logistic regression analysis and the C‐statistic was carried out to assess the association of AucIR and TIR with diabetic retinopathy (DR).ResultsBoth AucIR (r = −0.89) and TIR (r = −0.95) were strongly correlated with mean glucose levels. Compared with TIR, AucIR showed a tighter relationship with parameters of glycemic variability, including the coefficient of variation (r = −0.56), standard deviation (r = −0.89) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (r = −0.70). For each absolute 10% decrease in AucIR, the risk of DR was increased by 7% (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.13) after adjustment for confounders. With respect to TIR, each absolute 10% decrease was associated with an 8% (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.14) increased risk of DR. The model discrimination for DR, as measured by C‐statistic, did not differ significantly between the two metrics (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAucIR did not provide added benefit over TIR in the assessment of DR risk among patients with type 2 diabetes. The potential value of AucIR needs to be explored in future studies.
Energy and exergy analysis of a water bed‐infrared dryer coupled with a photovoltaic‐thermal collector
Authors: Rezvani Zeinab , Mortezapour Hamid , Ameri Mehran , Akhavan Hamid‐Reza , Arslan Selçuk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrange is a perishable fruit that is dried to increase its shelf‐life. The main challenge of industrial dryers is their high energy consumption, which accounts for about 12% to 20% of the energy demands of the industry. In the present study, a continuous water bed‐infrared dryer equipped with a photovoltaic‐thermal (PV‐T) collector was presented for orange fruit drying. The designed dryer comprised two main units: the PV‐T air collector and the water bed‐infrared dryer. The PV‐T collector was considered to simultaneously generate electricity and heat required for the hot airflow inside the dryer. The effects of the hot water flow rate (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 L/min) and the product thickness (3, 5, and 7 mm) on solar heat fraction, final moisture content of the dried oranges, and energy and exergy efficiencies of the dryer were investigated using the factorial test based on a randomized complete block design experiment. The average solar heat fraction increased by 35.1% with increasing the thickness from 3 to 7 mm, and increased by 29.8% with increasing the water flow rate from 0.05 to 0.15 L/min. Rising the water flow rate in the studied range reduced the final moisture content by about 14.7%. The average solar heat fraction, final moisture content as well as energy and exergy efficiencies of the dryer were obtained 0.26–0.61, 9.1%–16.04% wet basis (wb), 26.35%–35.63%, and 3.42%–12.9%, respectively. The best operating condition suggested based on the highest solar heat fraction, energy and exergy efficiencies, and the lowest final moisture content, was the 3‐mm slice thickness of orange and the water flow rate of 0.15 L/min.Practical ApplicationsThe main challenge of industrial dryers is their high energy consumption. In the present study, to increase energy efficiency in water bed dryers, a heat source of infrared radiation was deployed on top of the product surface, and a PV‐T collector was used to generate electricity and hot airflow simultaneously. We experimentally investigated the changes in heat fraction of solar energy, final moisture content of dried oranges, and energy and exergy efficiencies of the designed continuous water bed‐infrared dryer equipped with PV‐T collector at different operating conditions.
Bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease and depression among patients and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Ho‐Hui Eileen , Bai Ya‐Mei , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Su Tung‐Ping , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Wang Yen‐Po , Chen Mu‐Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimApproximately 30% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients develop depression. Conversely, several studies reported increased IBD risk among patients with depression. Such bidirectional relationship has not been reported within one representative cohort, nor investigated among patients' family members. These associations may further implicate the gut–brain axis in IBD.MethodsWe conducted parallel retrospective cohort analyses to investigate depression risk among IBD patients and their unaffected siblings, and IBD risk among patients with depression and their unaffected siblings using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database. Individuals were followed up to 11 years for new‐onset depression or IBD. Controls were matched to unaffected siblings based on predefined characteristics.ResultsTo investigate depression risk among IBD ‐ 422 IBD patients, 537 unaffected siblings, and 2148 controls were enrolled. During follow‐up, 78 (18.5%) IBD patients, 26 (4.8%) unaffected siblings, and 54 (2.5%) controls developed depression. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for depression among IBD patients and unaffected siblings were 9.43 (95% CI 6.43–13.81; P < 0.001) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.14–2.91; P = 0.013), respectively. To investigate IBD risk among depression ‐ 25 552 patients with depression, 26 147 unaffected siblings, and 104 588 controls were enrolled. During follow‐up, 18 (0.70/1000) depression patients, 25 (0.96/1000) unaffected siblings, and 58 (0.55/1000) controls developed IBD. ORs for IBD among depression patients and unaffected siblings were 1.87 (95% CI 1.07–3.26; P = 0.028) and 1.69 (95% CI 1.05–2.69; P = 0.029), respectively.ConclusionsThis population‐based study elucidates bidirectional association between IBD and depression. Elevated risks for either disease among patients and their unaffected siblings suggest shared etiologic contributors, offering novel insight into the gut–brain axis' influence in IBD pathophysiology.
Association of surveillance technology and staff opinions with physical restraint use in nursing homes: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Favez Lauriane , Simon Michael , Bleijlevens Michel H.C. , Serdaly Christine , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical restraints are used in nursing homes (NHs) despite their negative consequences. Use of surveillance technologies as alternatives to physical forms of restraints and negative staff opinions about the appropriateness of restraint use have been postulated to reduce this practice; however, these have rarely been investigated alongside resident outcome data. This study aimed to measure physical restraint prevalence in Swiss NHs and its associations with (a) the use of surveillance technologies and (b) staff's opinion about the appropriateness of physical restraint use.MethodsThis cross‐sectional multicenter study analyzed data on 3,137 staff and 6,149 residents of 292 units in 86 Swiss NHs (2018–2019). Based on routine resident data, we measured the prevalence of two classes of physical restraint: (a) bedrails or (b) trunk fixation or seating option that prevents standing. To assess potential factors associated with restraint use, we applied a logistic multilevel model.ResultsA 11.1% of residents were restrained with at least one form of physical restraint. Against our hypothesis, surveillance technologies were not significantly associated with restraint use, and staff members' opinion that the use of physical restraints was appropriate on their unit was associated with decreased odds of residents being restrained (odds ratio (OR): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.80).ConclusionsAlthough Swiss NHs have a low prevalence of physical restraint use, only a minority of NH units do not use any restraints with their residents. Surveillance technologies seem to be used concurrently with restraints and not as an alternative. Further research should investigate staff's current and intended uses of surveillance technologies in practice. Staff members' opinion that they use restraints inappropriately might correctly reflect overuse of restraints on their unit. If so, staff ratings of inappropriate restraint use may identify units that need improvement.