bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WhatsApp and Gynecologist-Patient Interaction: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Stress Perceived by the Doctor
Authors: Veiga Melissa Gonzalez , Felizi Rogério Tadeu , Fernandes César Eduardo , Oliveira Emerson 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Construction and validation of the WhatsApp Stress Scale (WASS), a questionnaire designed for physicians that measures how the use of smartphones and related software communication applications affects the quality of life of gynecologists who use this tool to communicate with patients.
Methods The present cross-sectional observational study analyzed 60 gynecologists according to weekly WhatsApp usage time for communication with patients and compared the data with the perception of the doctor on the use of this virtual interaction as a stressor. Physicians were equally divided into three groups: < 2 hours, 2 to 5 hours, and > 5 hours. The authors created a questionnaire in Likert scale format. The study proceeded in three phases: development of the questionnaire items, pretesting, constructing, and validity and reliability testing using factor analysis, Cronbach α coefficient, and paired t-test.
Results A 9-item instrument using a 5-point Likert scale was created and administered to the participants in 3 different times: T0, T1 (15 minutes after the end of T0), and T2 (15 days later). All questionnaire items possessed adequate content validity indices and the internal consistency of the instrument was satisfactory (Cronbach α 0.935; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.744–0.989; p = 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were observed in the responses between the rounds of testing, indicating good test-retest reliability. A positive association between the high frequency of WhatsApp usage for communication with patients and the stress perceived by the doctor was shown.
Conclusion The WASS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the use of messaging applications to communicate with patients as a stressor perceived by gynecologists.
Stabilizing microbial communities by looped mass transfer
Authors: Li Shuang , Abdulkadir Nafi'u , Schattenberg Florian , Nunes da Rocha Ulisses , Grimm Volker , Müller Susann , Liu Zishu 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceThe population ecology of microbial communities is still poorly understood and their notorious instability makes them impossible to control. Much of the instability is caused by the stochastic assembly of microorganisms, especially in highly diverse microbiomes where structural and hence functional changes occur rapidly due to the short generation time of their members. Usually, to maintain organismic proportions in communities, their niches are deterministically reinforced, but stochasticity strongly counteracts this. Based on metacommunity theory, a looped mass transfer was developed that uses the rescue effect to stabilize communities. This study fills a long-standing gap and enables continuous and proportionally equal growth of community members using an unprecedented operational design that addresses an acute need in the healthcare and biotechnology industries.
Three world wars: Fiscal–monetary consequences
Authors: Hall George J. , Sargent Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
We detect common forces that impinged on US monetary and fiscal policies during two 20th century world wars and now during the War on COVID-19 and then compare government and market responses to these forces. The US government had to finance large wartime surges in its expenditures by taxing, borrowing, or printing money. We document and interpret consequences of the choices that the government made in these three world wars.
Quick counting of probability distributions for the sum of multi-sided dice: a physical and didactic approach
Authors: Sánchez S Sergio , Cortés P Ernesto , Moreno O Victor I , Pacheco B Daniel , Aguilar A Francisco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are many physical systems (with randomness) where the performance of the probability distribution is of great importance [for example the so-called radioactive dice (Murray and Hart 2012 Phys. Educ.
47 197–201)]. A relevant situation is when the value (positive integers) of the upper faces is added when rolling fair dice (unbiased), that is, balanced, regular or unshaven. It has been widely studied in the basic literature for one, two and a maximum of four dice. However, a generalization using these methods for many dice is too cumbersome to carry out. In this paper we explore a method that uses the moment generating function, already studied in Singh et al (2011 UNLV Gaming Res. Rev. J.), for five six-sided fair dice with positive integer values. We carry out the generalization of this method to study the performance of the probability distribution and make a quick counting without complications for the sum of n fair dice with s sides (s ⩾ 6), and real values. We also study the invariance of the distribution when we set the number of sides, that is, for s-fix. Therefore, we study the distributions for the outgoing total sum (random variable) of roll generalized dice, for combinations of n multi-sided dice.
Photoluminescence intensity of Cu-doped ZnO modulated via defect occupancy by applying electric bias
Authors: Ho Lok-Ping , Younas Muhammad , Borgersen Jon , Khan Rao Tahir Ali , Rezvani Seyed Javad , Pollastri Simone , Akhtar Muhammad Javed , Nadeem Muhammad , Huang Dong , Shi Ying-Li , Kuznetsov Andrej , Ling Francis Chi-Chung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Discovering multifunctional materials is of paramount importance for advancing the science and technology. Herein, we report on an optical phenomenon modulated by an electrical process that happened at the metal–ZnO:Cu junction, for which the light emission intensity from the photoluminescence is tuned reversibly by applying electric bias to the junction. Importantly, these observations were correlated with the x-ray absorption measurements, detecting prominent flips in Cu+/Cu2+ oxidation state occupations in ZnO:Cu film as a function of the resistive switching. Moreover, further analysis of the x-ray absorption data revealed an additional prominent correlation—the signals interpreted as the Zn–O bond fingerprints also exhibited the modulations. By considering the whole set of data, we propose a scenario explaining the modulation phenomena.
Frustration, strain and phase co-existence in the mixed valent hexagonal iridate Ba3NaIr2O9
Authors: Garg Charu , Cervellino Antonio , Nair Sunil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using detailed synchrotron diffraction, magnetization, thermodynamic and transport measurements, we investigate the relationship between the mixed valence of Ir, lattice strain and the resultant structural and magnetic ground states in the geometrically frustrated triple perovskite iridate Ba3NaIr2O9. We observe a complex interplay between lattice strain and structural phase co-existence, which is typically not observed in this family of compounds. The low temperature magnetic ground state is characterized by the absence of long-range magnetic order, and points towards the condensation of a cluster glass state from an extended regime of short range magnetic correlations.
Phase-controlled synthesis of SnS2 and SnS flakes and photodetection properties
Authors: Luo Jiaqi , Song Xiaohui , Lu Yingying , Hu Yanjie , Lv Xiaojing , Li Lin , Li Xueping , Deng Jianping , Yan Yong , Jiang Yurong , Xia Congxin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered tin sulfide compounds including SnS2 and SnS have attracted increasing attention due to their great potential application in the fields of optoelectronics and energy storage. However, device development has been delayed by the lack of capabilities to synthesize large-scale and high-quality 2D tin sulfide. Here, a phase-controlled synthesis of SnS2 and SnS flakes with lateral size over 100 μm was successfully realized via a facile chemical vapor deposition method. The lateral size of flakes and phase transformation of SnS2 to SnS can be tuned via changing the synthesis temperature. Compared to the formation of the SnS2 phase at relative low temperature (<750 °C), the SnS phase is favorable at higher temperature. The phototransistor based on the as-prepared SnS2 and SnS exhibits excellent photoresponse to 405 nm laser, including a high responsivity (1.7 × 106 mA W−1), fast response rates (rise/decay time of 13/51 ms), an outstanding external quantum efficiency (5.3 × 105%), and a remarkable detectivity (6.24 × 1012 Jones) for SnS2-based phototransistor, and these values are superior to the most reported SnS2 based photodetectors. Although the responsivity (3390 mA W−1) and detectivity (1.1 × 1010 Jones) of SnS-based device is lower than that of the SnS2 phototransistor, it has a faster rise/decay time of 3.10/1.59 ms. This work provides a means of tuning the size and phase of 2D layered tin sulfide, and promotes the application of SnS2 in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Quantum simulation of fermionic systems using hybrid digital–analog quantum computing approach
Authors: Guseynov N M , Pogosov W V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider a hybrid digital–analog quantum computing approach, which allows implementing any quantum algorithm without standard two-qubit gates. This approach is based on the always-on interaction between qubits, which can provide an alternative to such gates. We show how digital–analog approach can be applied to simulate the dynamics of fermionic systems, in particular, the Fermi–Hubbard model, using fermionic SWAP network and refocusing technique. We concentrate on the effects of connectivity topology, the spread of interaction constants as well as on errors of entangling operations. We find that an optimal connectivity topology of qubits for the digital–analog simulation of fermionic systems of arbitrary dimensionality is a chain for spinless fermions and a ladder for spin 1/2 particles. Such a simple connectivity topology makes digital–analog approach attractive for the simulation of quantum materials and molecules.
A study on the real-time compensation system based on Abbe principle for range accuracy of submicron measuring instrument
Authors: Tianci Feng , Chengjun Cui , Shan Wang , Dengfeng Dong , Weihu Zhou , Jianli Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Range accuracy is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of laser tracker. However, the different field-testing methods of laser tracker influenced the range accuracy. In this paper, we propose a universal scheme for correcting range accuracy of laser tracker based on Abbe principle. The reasons for the Abbe error have been analyzed and the theoretical calculation and simulation verification have been done. Finally, we built Abbe error compensation system by using the autocollimator to compensate the distance accuracy error of home-made laser tracker. The experimental results show that the ranging accuracy after compensation can be improved from 1.828 ppm to 0.496 ppm. The method proposed in this paper is also applicable to the range accuracy calibration of other submicron measuring instruments.
Volumetric particle tracking velocimetry with improved algorithms using a two-view shadowgraph system
Authors: Wu Y , Zhao C Y , Wang Q 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Determining the time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) three-component (3C) velocity is essential for complex turbulent flow measurements. The current study is an extension of a recently developed temporal-spatial three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (TS 3D-PTV) technique established for two-view imaging systems. Two improvements have been embedded in TS 3D-PTV algorithm to improve the accuracy at high particle image densities (up to 0.03 ppp). One is using the neighboring particle information to correct the predicted positions and select the temporal particles with higher probability; the other is to iteratively optimize the 2D particle positions during the tracking process using the temporal and image information. The synthetic particle tests indicate that the correctness can be increased by 4.7%–5.8%, to reach a value about 92% with the improved algorithm around 0.03 ppp. The comparative results also indicate that using an advanced particle identification algorithm can improve the correctness over 20%. Two experiments, including a buoyancy jet in water and a transient droplet splashing process, have been conducted with a two-view shadowgraph imaging system. Different tracking algorithms have been conducted to determine the 3D trajectories of seeding particles or secondary droplets comparatively. The new algorithm has shown the best performance with much longer and more reliable trajectories, which indicates the tracking interruption caused by particle overlapping is reduced. The newly developed algorithms have further improved the performance under high seeding density conditions, which makes the two-view shadowgraph 3D PTV system adaptable to more experimental conditions.
Investigation of textured sensing skin for monitoring fatigue cracks on fillet welds
Authors: Liu Han , Laflamme Simon , Li Jian , Bennett Caroline , Collins William N , Eisenmann David J , Downey Austin R J , Ziehl Paul , Jo Hongki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Load-induced fatigue cracking in welds is a critical safety concern for steel transportation infrastructure, and the automation of their detection using commercial sensing technologies remains challenging due to the randomness in crack initiation and propagation. The authors have previously proposed a corrugated soft elastomeric capacitor (cSEC), which is a flexible and ultra-compliant thin-film strain gauge that transduces strain into a measurable change in capacitance. The cSEC technology has been successfully demonstrated for measuring bending strain as well as angular rotation in a folded configuration. This study builds on prior discoveries to characterize the sensor’s capability at monitoring fatigue cracks in corner welds, for which the sensor needs to be installed in a folded configuration. A crack monitoring algorithm is developed to fuse the cSEC data into actionable information. Experimental work is conducted on an orthogonal welded connection, mimicking a plate-to-web joint in steel bridges, with cSECs folded over the fillet welds. The sensor’s electromechanical behavior is characterized, and results confirm that the cSEC is capable of fatigue crack detection and quantification. In particular, results show that the cSEC can detect a minimum crack length of 0.48 mm and that its overall sensing performance, including signal linearity, resolution, and accuracy, is adequate under no damage, yet decreases with increasing crack size, likely attributable to the simplification of the electromechanical model and higher noise produced by the loading equipment under smaller applied displacement.
MoS2/MXene pillared nanocomposite for ultrafast photonics applications
Authors: Guo Lihao , Lei Jingjing , Zhang Yongfeng , Duan Xinghao , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Zihao , Wei Zhiyi , Li Lan , Guo Qiyun , Liu Xiaoyao , Ning Ruizhi , Wang Junli , Hu Wenwen , Wu Weiwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we used nanocomposite saturable absorbers (SAs) in order to precisely design and modulate the process of compositing the light absorption by band gap engineering. Due to the higher absorption intensity of our MoS2/MXene nanocomposite, we have successfully shortened the pulse duration (1.2 μs) of SA with enhancing saturable absorption intensity (7.22 MW cm−2), and the ultra-fast fiber laser based on this nanocomposite SA has shown wider Q-switching stable range in the case of high pump power. This strategy can efficiently improve the performance of SA and shows the potential application prospect of nanocomposites in nonlinear optics.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on carbon nitride and organic semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Hantang , Liu Jie , Jiang Lang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) presents a promising way to solve the global energy crisis. Metal-free carbon nitride (CN) and organic semiconductors photocatalysts have drawn intense interests due to their fascinating properties such as tunable molecular structure, electronic states, strong visible-light absorption, low-cost etc. In this paper, the recent progresses of photocatalytic hydrogen production based on organic photocatalysts, including CN, linear polymers, conjugated porous polymers and small molecules, are reviewed, with emphasis on the various strategies to improve PHE efficiency. Finally, the possible future research trends in the organic photocatalysts are prospected.
Millisecond speed deep learning based proton dose calculation with Monte Carlo accuracy
Authors: Pastor-Serrano Oscar , Perkó Zoltán 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Next generation online and real-time adaptive radiotherapy workflows require precise particle transport simulations in sub-second times, which is unfeasible with current analytical pencil beam algorithms (PBA) or Monte Carlo (MC) methods. We present a deep learning based millisecond speed dose calculation algorithm (DoTA) accurately predicting the dose deposited by mono-energetic proton pencil beams for arbitrary energies and patient geometries. Approach. Given the forward-scattering nature of protons, we frame 3D particle transport as modeling a sequence of 2D geometries in the beam’s eye view. DoTA combines convolutional neural networks extracting spatial features (e.g. tissue and density contrasts) with a transformer self-attention backbone that routes information between the sequence of geometry slices and a vector representing the beam’s energy, and is trained to predict low noise MC simulations of proton beamlets using 80 000 different head and neck, lung, and prostate geometries. Main results. Predicting beamlet doses in 5 ± 4.9 ms with a very high gamma pass rate of 99.37 ± 1.17% (1%, 3 mm) compared to the ground truth MC calculations, DoTA significantly improves upon analytical pencil beam algorithms both in precision and speed. Offering MC accuracy 100 times faster than PBAs for pencil beams, our model calculates full treatment plan doses in 10–15 s depending on the number of beamlets (800–2200 in our plans), achieving a 99.70 ± 0.14% (2%, 2 mm) gamma pass rate across 9 test patients. Significance. Outperforming all previous analytical pencil beam and deep learning based approaches, DoTA represents a new state of the art in data-driven dose calculation and can directly compete with the speed of even commercial GPU MC approaches. Providing the sub-second speed required for adaptive treatments, straightforward implementations could offer similar benefits to other steps of the radiotherapy workflow or other modalities such as helium or carbon treatments.
Low energy non-volatile look-up table using 2 bit ReRAM for field programmable gate array
Authors: Chee Hock Leong , Kumar T Nandha , Almurib Haider A F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A low energy non-volatile look-up table (NV-LUT) consisting of 2 bit resistive random-access memories (2 bit ReRAMs) for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is investigated in this paper. The multi-bit (MB) LUT configuration reduces the number of array cells by half compared to single-bit (SB) ReRAM-based arrays. A comparison of WRITE and READ delay time, energy consumption, and energy delay product (EDP) is carried out between the SB-NVLUT and MB-NVLUT. Different 2, 4, 6, and 8-input LUT configurations were compared. For WRITE 0 and 1 conditions, the MB-NVLUT is 2× faster than the SB-NVLUT and has an average of 1.22× and 2× lower energy consumption and 2.46× and 4.6× lower EDP respectively. For 01 → 10 switching, the MB-NVLUT write delay remains 2× quicker while having 1.03× lower energy consumption and 2.05× lower EDP. The MB-NVLUT is 9.2× lower in write delay, 128× lower in energy consumption, and 153× lower in EDP compared to the SB-NVLUT in 10 → 01 switching. SB-NVLUTs and MB-NVLUTs are then evaluated on Virtex 4 and Virtex 5 FPGA benchmark circuits with the average EDP for SB-NVLUTs greater than that of the MB-NVLUTs and both NVLUTs demonstrating performance matching conventional static RAM LUTs. A LUT controller circuit specifically designed for MB-NVLUT arrays is proposed. The reduction in the MB-NVLUT array cells leads to reduction in components in the controller circuit and improved performances over SB-NVLUTs.
Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of 2D and 3D auxetic structures
Authors: Orhan Süleyman Nazif , Erden Şeydanur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Auxetic materials and structures have a negative Poisson’s ratio and it is this unique property that differentiates them from traditional materials. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) auxetic structures have attracted considerable interest with the emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies. Many studies have been carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the existing 3D structures or improve and develop new ones, and extensive research is ongoing. This paper presents a comparative numerical study of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D geometries of four different auxetic structures, namely: elliptic holes, lozenge grids, re-entrant and arrowhead. Among these structures, elliptic holes and lozenge grids are designed and studied in 3D for the first time in this study. The structures are analysed under axial tension and the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus and stiffness values are obtained from linear finite element model analysis. In addition, the unit cells of the 3D structures are examined. The findings showed that the elliptical holes structure exhibits a higher negative Poisson’s ratio than other auxetics and the 3D re-entrant and 2D arrowhead structures outperform the other auxetics with respect to the Young’s modulus and stiffness values.
Research on the vibration transmission characteristics of quasi-periodic impedance layered structure constructed by magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Si Qianqian , Wang Lei , Sun ZeBang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, the theoretical and experimental study on vibration transmission in quasi-periodic impedance layered structures built by magnetorheological (MR) fluid is conducted. Based on the MR effect of MR fluid, the quasi-periodic layered structures formed by low and high impedance layers following Fibonacci, Thue–Morse and multiperiodic sequences are constructed, respectively. These different quasi-periodic patterns can be flexibly obtained by controlling the arrangement style and magnetic field strength of electromagnets outside the MR fluid. The vibration transfer model is established based on the transfer matrix method and the trends of vibration level difference with different parameters are analyzed. Furthermore, experiments are performed to estimate the vibration transmissivity of the proposed structures. It indicates that the developed quasi-periodic impedance layered structures can exhibit greater damping effect on vibrations by appropriately increasing the magnetic field strength and thickness ratio of low to high impedance layers. Moreover, there exist quasi-periodic impedance patterns whose attenuation effect on vibration is better than that of periodic pattern in the frequency range studied in this paper (20–200 Hz). This means that the introducing of the particular quasi-periodicity increases the transmission loss of vibrations in a certain frequency range. This investigation is conducive to further expand the application of MR materials and quasi-periodic structures in the field of vibration control.