bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying IGR J18007−4146 as an intermediate polar using XMM and NuSTAR
Authors: Coughenour Benjamin M , Tomsick John A , Shaw Aarran W , Mukai Koji , Clavel Maïca , Hare Jeremy , Krivonos Roman , Fornasini Francesca M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Many new and unidentified Galactic sources have recently been revealed by ongoing hard X-ray surveys. A significant fraction of these have been shown to be the type of accreting white dwarfs known as cataclysmic variables (CVs). Follow-up observations are often required to categorize and classify these sources, and may also identify potentially unique or interesting cases. One such case is IGR J18007−4146, which is likely a CV based on follow-up Chandra observations and constraints from optical/IR catalogues. Utilizing simultaneous XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations, as well as the available optical/IR data, we confirm the nature of IGR J18007−4146 as an intermediate polar type CV. Timing analysis of the XMM data reveals a periodic signal at 424.4 ± 0.7 s that we interpret as the spin period of the white dwarf. Modelling the 0.3–78 keV spectrum, we use a thermal bremsstrahlung continuum but require intrinsic absorption as well as a soft component and strong Fe lines between 6 and 7 keV. We model the soft component using a single-temperature blackbody with $kT = 73^{+8}_{-6}$ eV. From the X-ray spectrum, we are able to measure the mass of the white dwarf to be $1.06^{+0.19}_{-0.10}$ $\mathrm{ M}_{\mathord \odot }$, which means IGR J18007−4146 is more massive than the average for magnetic CVs.
Gravity or turbulence V: star-forming regions undergoing violent relaxation
Authors: Bonilla-Barroso Andrea , Ballesteros-Paredes Javier , Hernández Jesus , Aguilar Luis , Zamora-Avilés Manuel , Hartmann Lee W , Kuznetsova Aleksandra , Camacho Vianey , Lora Verónica 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Using numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of stellar clusters within molecular clouds (MCs), we show that the stars in clusters formed within collapsing MC clumps exhibit a constant velocity dispersion regardless of their mass, as expected in violent relaxation processes. In contrast, clusters formed in turbulence-dominated environments exhibit an inverse mass segregated velocity dispersion, where massive stars exhibit larger velocity dispersions than low-mass cores, consistent with massive stars formed in massive clumps, which, in turn, are formed through strong shocks. We furthermore use Gaia EDR3 to show that the stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster exhibit a constant velocity dispersion as a function of mass, suggesting that it has been formed by collapse within one free-fall time of its parental cloud, rather than in a turbulence-dominated environment during many free-fall times of a supported cloud. Additionally, we have addressed several of the criticisms of models of collapsing star-forming regions: namely, the age spread of the ONC, the comparison of the ages of the stars to the free-fall time of the gas that formed it, the star formation efficiency, and the mass densities of clouds versus the mass densities of stellar clusters, showing that observational and numerical data are consistent with clusters forming in clouds undergoing a process of global, hierarchical and chaotic collapse, rather than being supported by turbulence.
Evolution of Earth’s magnetosheath as a planar magnetic structure
Authors: Shaikh Zubair I , Raghav Anil N 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In general, the Earth’s magnetosheath (MS) plasma is highly compressed, heated, and turbulent. Thus, it provides preferential conditions in which to investigate plasma turbulence, dissipation, and transport, which are the major unresolved issues in the modern space era. Here, we examine plasma evolution features using 10 crossovers of the Wind spacecraft through the dawn and dusk sides of the Earth’s magnetosheath. The study demonstrates explicitly that the magnetosheath is transformed into planar magnetic structure (PMS). We found that, on average, $77.56{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the whole magnetosheath transit-time region is transformed into PMS. The average thickness of the magnetosheath-moulded PMS is ∼5.74 h. We also noticed that a few plasma parameters, such as Bmag and β, Np and Tp, Np and Vp, and Tp and Vp, show high correlation coefficients. Also, the regression analysis of these variables suggests that they are dependent on each other equally. We propose that the MS evolves into PMS due to the draping of plasma at the magnetopause surface, or the alignment of a discontinuity present in the MS due to high compression caused by the solar wind. However, convection of solar-wind-originated PMS into the MS should not be overlooked.
A patient with Castleman’s disease initially manifesting symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema
Authors: Kondo Junichi , Arinuma Yoshiyuki , Matsueda Yu , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Muramatsu Takumi , Kanayama Yoshiro , Hoshiyama Takayuki , Tono Toshihiro , Tanaka Sumiaki , Oku Kenji , Yamaoka Kunihiro 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Castleman’s disease (CD), especially multicentric CD (MCD) has been known to manifest a variety of clinical features such as fatigue, anaemia, fever, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Here, we report a 72-year-old female patient who had complicated severe synovitis, as an initial manifestation of the disease, lastly diagnosed as MCD. Initially, she had been diagnosed as remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema (RS3PE) syndrome because of bilateral leg pitting oedema with significant C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase-3 elevation but no disease-specific autoantibodies. Promptly, corticosteroid and additionally weekly methotrexate were introduced, but her leg oedema and inflammatory findings did not adequately come to be a remission. A lymph node biopsy from the groin region was performed because multiple lymph node swelling in ultrasound examination appeared even after introducing treatments, which revealed mixed-type CD. Multiple lymphadenopathies were observed in the axilla and inguinal region; finally, we diagnosed her as idiopathic MCD and introduced tocilizumab, which significantly improved leg oedema as well as inflammatory findings. As is shown in this case, manifestations included in RS3PE syndrome could be one of the clinical phenotypes in MCD, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis of MCD.
The obsolescing bargain crosses the Belt and Road Initiative: renegotiations on BRI projects
Authors: Bennon Michael , Fukuyama Francis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been an extremely rapid increase in bilaterally financed infrastructure projects globally, as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI is a broad initiative involving many Chinese state-owned enterprises to develop transport and other infrastructure across the developing world, with bilateral financing from either the China Development Bank (CDB) or the China Export–Import Bank (CEXIM). More recently, many large BRI projects have undergone renegotiations with borrower nations or caused financial distress. This provides a useful opportunity to evaluate the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain model. The obsolescing bargain has historically been used to describe the relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and the developing countries they invest in. For large capital investments paid off over a long operating period, such as infrastructure projects, the obsolescing bargain describes a shift in leverage from MNCs to the host nation once the capital investment is complete, often leading to renegotiation or even expropriation. This study examines the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain to evaluate the practices of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and policy banks in mitigating political risk.
Telehealth education improves parental care ability and postoperative nutritional status of infants after CHD surgery: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Qi-Liang , Lei Yu-Qing , Liu Jian-Feng , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore the effect of telehealth education on improving the parental care ability and postoperative nutritional status of infants after congenital heart disease surgery.

Methods
A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted at a provincial maternal and child hospital in southeastern China. A total of 84 infants were enrolled in the study, with 42 infants in the intervention group and 42 infants in the control group.

Results
Body weight, albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin of infants in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group one month after discharge (P&lt;0.05). The STRONGkids score of infants in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of those in the control group one month after discharge (P&lt;0.05). The Family Caregiver Task Inventory score of infants in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of those in the control group one month after discharge (P&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Performing telehealth education about home feeding and care guidance for parents of infants after congenital heart disease surgery can greatly improve parental care ability so that infants get better feeding and care, which can effectively improve the postoperative nutritional status of the infants.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Senescence: Hallmarks, Mechanisms, and Combating Strategies
Authors: Weng Zhijie , Wang Yigan , Ouchi Takehito , Liu Hanghang , Qiao Xianghe , Wu Chenzhou , Zhao Zhihe , Li Longjiang , Li Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted and complicated process, manifested by a decline of normal physiological functions across tissues and organs, leading to overt frailty, mortality, and chronic diseases, such as skeletal, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders, necessitating the development of practical therapeutic approaches. Stem cell aging is one of the leading theories of organismal aging. For decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been regarded as a viable and ideal source for stem cell-based therapy in anti-aging treatment due to their outstanding clinical characteristics, including easy accessibility, simplicity of isolation, self-renewal and proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potentials, and immunomodulatory effects. Nonetheless, as evidenced in numerous studies, MSCs undergo functional deterioration and gradually lose stemness with systematic age in vivo or extended culture in vitro, limiting their therapeutic applications. Even though our understanding of the processes behind MSC senescence remains unclear, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the aspects of the age-related MSC phenotypic changes and possible mechanisms driving MSC senescence. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the morphological, biological, and stem-cell marker alterations of aging MSCs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie MSC senescence, the recent progress made regarding the innovative techniques to rejuvenate senescent MSCs and combat aging, with a particular focus on the interplay between aging MSCs and their niche as well as clinical translational relevance. Also, we provide some promising and novel directions for future research concerning MSC senescence.
Forage agronomists are needed in animal science departments
Authors: Looper Michael L , Jennings John A , Daniel Rivera J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ruminants serve a valuable role in sustainable agricultural systems, specifically in the conversion of renewable resources from grasslands, pasture, and other by-products into high-quality human food. Recognizing forage and grasses are grown on 25% of arable land, suitable agronomic practices for management of grazing livestock are necessary for the economic sustainability of the livestock enterprise, whereas at the same time, minimizing water and soil erosion. Demographics of undergraduate animal science students have changed over the last several years with more students from urban backgrounds and with interests other than traditional animal agriculture. Thus, continued emphasis on education programs supporting grazing livestock industries becomes that much more important. In addition, newer technologies to measure production on range and pastureland have emerged, thereby increasing opportunities for further training and education. Based on an email assessment of 10 land grant institutions, typically one MS student/yr and one PhD student/3 to 4 yr graduates with an advanced degree in forage agronomy. Overall budget reductions which impact operational costs, internal funding for research projects and graduate student stipends, force universities to focus in areas with the best chance of monetary return. Challenges with funding faculty positions outside of a department’s emphasis area typically result in the question “Should forage agronomy students be trained in Departments of Animal Science or Agronomy/Plant/Soils Sciences?” It could be argued that either department is the best fit. Forage agronomy requires training in the basics of plant and soil science, but the application of those sciences within a Department of Animal Science relates more to animal science/production than to traditional crop production such as cereal grains. Animal science departments must communicate the meaningful context of forage agronomy in an active learning environment developing students’ ability to critically think and solve problems. Those providing technical expertise to livestock producers can no longer make recommendations based solely on production efficiency and profitability. Instead, best management practices must include the impact of grazing livestock on the environment and environmental sustainability. Cooperative agreements between departments should be discussed to adequately support student development in this critical subject matter.
Case Report of Esophageal Rupture, Empyema, and Aortic Dissection Potentially Caused by Severe Vomiting
Authors: Huang Jiawen , Huang Chengfeng , Lin Zhaoming , Liu Huanan , Zhang Xiaoshen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Both empyema and type A aortic dissection are life-threatening conditions. The combination, though rare, can cause serious complications and death. There have been rare cases of empyema caused by a co-infection with a Gram-positive bacterium, Granulicatella adiacens, which is difficult to identify, and a Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. In this case, a 50-year-old man was referred to the emergency department due to sudden chest pain and a suspected diagnosis of type A aortic dissection. The patient was subsequently found to have co-morbid empyema and a fissure in the esophagus when the cause of the disease was investigated. Considering the possibility that the patient's infection was of digestive origin, a combination of Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibiotics was given immediately. Etiological examination later confirmed the presence of Granulicatella adiacens and Escherichia coli in chest drainage fluid, and the patient was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and conservative treatment.
Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Moothedath Abdul W. , Meena Jagdish P. , Gupta Aditya K. , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Pandey Ravindra M. , Seth Rachna 
Published: January 2022

Background:
In this trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of olanzapine in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, patients aged 3 to 18 years were randomly assigned to either the olanzapine group or the placebo group. All patients received intravenous ondansetron and dexamethasone 30 minutes before highly emetogenic chemotherapy, followed by oral ondansetron for 48 hours. Participants in the olanzapine group received olanzapine once daily on days 1 and 2, while those in the control group received a placebo in the same dosage and schedule. The primary objective was: (a) to compare the complete control rates of vomiting in the delayed phase and (b) to compare the complete control rates of vomiting in acute and overall phases. The secondary objective was to evaluate the safety of olanzapine and the need for rescue medications.

Results:
A total of 128 patients were randomly assigned either to the olanzapine group (n=63) or the control group (n=65). Complete control of vomiting between olanzapine and placebo group was 73% versus 48% (P=0.005) in the delayed phase, 60% versus 54% (P=0.46) in the acute phase, and 48% versus 34% (P=0.117) in the overall phase, respectively. Grades 1 and 2 sedation was greater in the olanzapine group (46% vs. 14%; P<0.001). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the placebo group required rescue medications for vomiting compared with in the olanzapine group (P=0.025).

Conclusions:
Olanzapine significantly improved complete control of vomiting in the delayed phase. A considerably lesser proportion of patients in the olanzapine group needed rescue medications.
Knowledge of Required Medical Surveillance Among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Goode Erin , Shah Devangi , Ver Hoeve Elizabeth S. , Anderson Lindsay M. , Walsh Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience treatment-related late effects so guidelines recommend providing a treatment summary, yearly follow-up, and risk-adapted testing. AYA survivors’ knowledge of surveillance follow-up was studied.

Results:
Survey responses for 73 AYAs were stratified: low (0 to 1 correct; n=18; 24.7%) versus high knowledge (2 to 4 correct; n=55; 75.3%) of their required testing. Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores fell within average ranges for participant age (T-scores: 52.4 for physical function, 49.3 for anxiety, 46.3 for depression, and 44.7 for fatigue). Younger age at survivorship visit was a significant predictors of improved knowledge scores.

Conclusion:
Despite attendance at a survivorship clinic, minority of participants (9.5%) demonstrated complete knowledge of surveillance testing needs. Most survivors are aware of some of their surveillance needs. PROMIS scores were not associated with surveillance knowledge.
Mediating Effects of Coping Strategies on Quality of Life Following Extremity Injury
Authors: Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Lin Wei-Ting , Kuo Fang-Li , Lee Bih-O 
Published: January 2022

Background
Few researches have explored the self-regulation process in patients with extremity injuries. Knowledge about the role of coping in the postinjury self-regulation process remains scarce.

Objectives
We examined the relationships between illness representations, coping, and quality of life (QoL) based on the self-regulation framework, assuming adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies play mediating roles between illness representation and QoL in patients with extremity injuries.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey with a correlational model testing design was used. A sample of 192 patients with extremity injury was recruited before hospital discharge at trauma centers in Indonesia. Validated questionnaires were used to assess patients’ illness representations, coping, and QoL. Hierarchical regressions were carried out, and multiple mediation analyses were used to identify the mediating role of coping.

Results
Patients with extremity injuries who harbored negative illness representations were less focused on using adaptive coping strategies, were more focused on using maladaptive coping strategies, and tended to experience reduced QoL. The mediating effects of coping, which manifested as parallel mediations of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, could significantly explain the QoL variance.

Discussion
In postinjury self-regulation, coping has a parallel mediating role that can facilitate the effect of illness representations and directly influence postinjury QoL. Enhancing adaptive coping strategies, reducing maladaptive coping techniques, and reframing negative illness representations during the early recovery phase could improve postinjury QoL. Early screening and preventive efforts using psychologically driven interventions may help redirect patients’ focus toward adaptive coping strategies and reframe their illness representations before they transition back into the community.
Brief Report: Patients' Experiences and Opinions After Desimplification of Their Single-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV Infection: A Survey in a Multicentre Cohort
Authors: Suárez-García Inés , Ruiz-Algueró Marta , Alejos Belén , García-Yubero Cristina , Belza Mª José , Espacio Ramón , Hernández Juanse , Muñoz Sánchez Josefa , Garaialde Ainhoa , Alonso Socas María del Mar , Alcaraz Antonia , Pierola Ruiz de Galarreta Beatriz , Martínez Madrid Onofre Juan , Gutiérrez Cuéllar Isabel , Gómez-Ayerbe Cristina , Olalla Julián , Jarrín Inma ,   on behalf of the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to describe patients' experiences after single-tablet regimen (STR) desimplification and its impact on self-reported treatment adherence and quality of life.

Methods:
We performed a survey among all patients from the multicenter cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Network who had desimplified the STRs dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DGT/ABC/3TC) or rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine to their separate components (DTG + generic ABC/3TC or RPV + generic TDF/FTC) between December 2016 and November 2018.

Results:
Among 216 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria, 138 (63.9%) completed the questionnaire. Most of the patients (78.3%) knew what generic drugs are, only 8.7% believed that treatment with 2 pills is less effective than treatment with an STR, and 67.4% agreed that it is reasonable to take 2 pills instead of 1 for HIV treatment to decrease costs for the health care system. After desimplification, 13.0% of the patients stated they had more secondary effects, 8.0% had forgotten one or more doses more frequently than before, and 10.9% had sometimes forgotten to take 1 pill, but not the other. A proportion of 30.4% reported not being happy to take more pills a day, and 10.1% experienced a worse quality of life after the treatment desimplification.

Conclusions:
After STR desimplification, most of the patients had a fair knowledge about generic antiretrovirals, and they agreed to desimplify their STR to decrease costs. Although almost a third of the respondents were not happy to take 2 pills a day, only a minority reported worse adherence or quality of life.