bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status in patients with advanced‐stage multiple sclerosis
Authors: Teng Maëlys , Bensmail Djamel , Hanachi Mouna , Haddad Rebecca , Hugeron Caroline , Lansaman Thibaud , Levy Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMotor and swallowing dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis (MS) unbalance calorie intake and energy expenditure, modifying nutritional status. Only one study has described nutritional status in MS patients at early disease stages (median Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] = 3), but this has never been assessed in the most severe cases. The goal of the present study was to describe nutritional status in advanced‐stage MS.MethodsThe study was a non‐interventional retrospective analysis of a prospective registry. We reviewed medical files of consecutive MS patients admitted for annual follow‐up in a physical and rehabilitation medicine unit between May 2016 and October 2018. Malnutrition for frail people, according to the French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de Santé [HAS]) definition, was our composite primary outcome criterion: body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m2 and/or albumin<35 g/L. First, we performed a descriptive analysis of the nutritional status. Second, we studied the association between malnutrition and MS characteristics in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 163 patients with median EDSS = 8 [7; 8.5] were included. Ninety‐three patients (57%) met HAS malnutrition criteria (36% with albumin <35 g/L, 31% with BMI <21 kg/m2 and 10% with both). Malnutrition was associated in univariate analysis with MS severity (EDSS ≥8.5, p = 0.0003), primary progressive type of MS (p = 0.01) and swallowing disorders (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that low disability status (EDSS <7) was the only independent (protective) factor associated with malnutrition (OR = 0.2, p = 0.03).ConclusionsMalnutrition is frequent in advanced stages of MS and is probably a key point for therapeutics, which has never been demonstrated previously. A standardized evaluation should be developed to improve nutritional therapeutic strategies in this population.
A de novo missense variant in GABRA4 alters receptor function in an epileptic and neurodevelopmental phenotype
Authors: Vogel Florian D. , Krenn Martin , Westphal Dominik S. , Graf Elisabeth , Wagner Matias , Leiz Steffen , Koniuszewski Filip , Augé‐Stock Maximilian , Kramer Georg , Scholze Petra , Ernst Margot 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariants in γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor genes cause different forms of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. To date, GABRA4, encoding the α4‐subunit, has not been associated with a monogenic condition. However, preclinical evidence points toward seizure susceptibility. Here, we report a de novo missense variant in GABRA4 (c.899C>T, p.Thr300Ile) in an individual with early‐onset drug‐resistant epilepsy and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. An electrophysiological characterization of the variant, which is located in the pore‐forming domain, shows accelerated desensitization and a lack of seizure‐protective neurosteroid function. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest an association between de novo variation in GABRA4 and a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy.
Behavioral phenotypes of pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Schraegle William A. , Tillman Rachael , Ailion Alyssa , Babajani‐Feremi Abbas , Titus Jeffrey B. , DeLeon Rosario C. , Clarke Dave , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveA broad spectrum of emotional‐behavioral problems have been reported in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but with considerable variability in their presence and nature of expression, which hampers precise identification and treatment. The present study aimed to empirically identify latent patterns or behavioral phenotypes and their correlates.MethodsData included parental ratings of emotional‐behavioral status on the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition (BASC‐2) of 81 children (mean age = 11.79, standard deviation [SD] = 3.93) with TLE. The nine clinical subscales were subjected to unsupervised machine learning to identify behavioral subgroups. To explore concurrent validity and the underlying composition of the identified clusters, we examined demographic factors, seizure characteristics, psychosocial factors, neuropsychological performance, psychiatric status, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).ResultsThree behavioral phenotypes were identified, which included no behavioral concerns (Cluster 1, 43% of sample), externalizing problems (Cluster 2, 41% of sample), and internalizing problems (Cluster 3, 16% of sample). Behavioral phenotypes were characterized by important differences across clinical seizure variables, psychosocial/familial factors, everyday executive functioning, and HRQoL. Cluster 2 was associated with younger child age, lower maternal education, and higher rate of single‐parent households. Cluster 3 was associated with older age at epilepsy onset and higher rates of hippocampal sclerosis and parental psychiatric history. Both Cluster 2 and 3 demonstrated elevated family stress. Concurrent validity was demonstrated through the association of psychiatric (i.e., rate of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) disorders and psychotropic medication) and parent‐rated HRQoL variables.SignificanceYouth with TLE present with three distinct behavioral phenotypes that correspond with important clinical and sociodemographic markers. The current findings demonstrate the variability of behavioral presentations in youth with TLE and provide a preliminary framework for screening and targeting intervention to enhance support for youth with TLE and their families.
Gene drive escape from resistance depends on mechanism and ecology
Authors: Cook Forest , Bull James J. , Gomulkiewicz Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGene drives can potentially be used to suppress pest populations, and the advent of CRISPR technology has made it feasible to engineer them in many species, especially insects. What remains largely unknown for implementations is whether antidrive resistance will evolve to block the population suppression. An especially serious threat to some kinds of drive is mutations in the CRISPR cleavage sequence that block the action of CRISPR, but designs have been proposed to avoid this type of resistance. Various types of resistance at loci away from the cleavage site remain a possibility, which is the focus here. It is known that modest‐effect suppression drives can essentially “outrun” unlinked resistance even when that resistance is present from the start. We demonstrate here how the risk of evolving (unlinked) resistance can be further reduced without compromising overall suppression by introducing multiple suppression drives or by designing drives with specific ecological effects. However, we show that even modest‐effect suppression drives remain vulnerable to the evolution of extreme levels of inbreeding, which halt the spread of the drive without actually interfering with its mechanism. The landscape of resistance evolution against suppression drives is therefore complex, but avenues exist for enhancing gene drive success.
Rapid evaluation of notch stress intensity factors using the peak stress method with 3D tetrahedral finite element models: Comparison of commercial codes
Authors: Meneghetti Giovanni , Campagnolo Alberto , Visentin Alberto , Avalle Massimiliano , Benedetti Matteo , Bighelli Andrea , Castagnetti Davide , Chiocca Andrea , Collini Luca , De Agostinis Massimiliano , De Luca Alessandro , Dragoni Eugenio , Fini Stefano , Fontanari Vigilio , Frendo Francesco , Greco Alessandro , Marannano Giuseppe , Moroni Fabrizio , Pantano Antonio , Pirondi Alessandro , Rebora Alessandro , Scattina Alessandro , Sepe Raffaele , Spaggiari Andrea , Zuccarello Bernardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe peak stress method (PSM) allows a rapid application of the notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) approach to the fatigue life assessment of welded structures, by employing the linear elastic peak stresses evaluated by FE analyses with coarse meshes. Because of the widespread adoption of 3D modeling of large and complex structures in the industry, the PSM has recently been boosted by including four‐node and ten‐node tetrahedral elements of Ansys FE software, which allows to discretize complex geometries. In this paper, a Round Robin among eleven Italian Universities has been performed to calibrate the PSM with seven different commercial FE software packages. Several 3D mode I, II and III problems have been considered to investigate the influence of (i) FE code, (ii) element type, (iii) mesh pattern, and (iv) procedure to extrapolate stresses at FE nodes. The majority of the adopted FE software packages present similar values of the PSM parameters, the main source of discrepancy being the stress extrapolation method at FE nodes.
Towards improved modeling of SOC decomposition: soil water potential beyond the wilting point
Authors: Liang Junyi , Chen Kangli , Siqintana  , Huo Tianci , Zhang Yaowen , Jing Jingying , Feng Wenting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoils are important carbon (C) reservoirs and play a critical role in regulating the global C cycle. Soil water potential (SWP) measures the energy with which water is retained in the soil and is one of the most vital factors that constrain the decomposition of soil organic C (SOC). The measurements for soil water retention curve (SWRC), on which the estimation of SWP depends, are usually carried out above −1.5 MPa (i.e., the wilting point for many plants). However, the average moisture threshold at which soil microbial activity ceases is usually below −10 MPa in mineral soils. Beyond the measurement range, the SWP estimation has to be derived from extrapolating the SWRC, which violates the statistical principle, resulting in possibly inaccurate SWP estimations. To date, it is unclear to what extent the extrapolated SWP estimation deviates from the “true value” and how it impacts the modeling of SOC decomposition. This study combined SWRC measurements down to −43.7 MPa, a 72‐day soil incubation experiment with four moisture levels, and an SOC decomposition model. In addition to the complete SWRC (SWRCall), we fitted two more SWRCs by using measurements above −0.5 MPa (SWRC0.5) and −1.7 MPa (SWRC1.7), respectively, to quantify the deviations of extrapolated SWPs from the complete SWRC. Results showed that extrapolating the SWRC beyond its measurement range significantly underestimated the SWP. Incorporating the extrapolated SWP in the model significantly underestimated the SOC decomposition under relatively dry conditions. With the extrapolated SWP, the model predicted no SOC decomposition in the driest treatment, while the experiment observed a significant CO2 emission. The results emphasize that accurate SWP estimations beyond the wilting point are critically needed to improve the modeling of SOC decomposition.
Physical therapy within US HTCs: A multicentre survey of utilization, practice patterns and pain management approaches
Authors: Newman Jennifer R. , Durben Nancy , Baumann Kimberly , Lambing Angela Y. , Nichols Cynthia D. , Witkop Michelle , Santaella Maria E. , Buckner Tyler W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPractice patterns and utilization of physical therapists (PTs) affiliated with Hemophilia Treatment Centers (HTCs) in the United States (US) are not well known.AimsDescribe utilization, role responsibilities and practice patterns of US HTC PTs. Identify practice patterns specifically focusing on assessment and treatment of pain. Recognize gaps in utilization and role responsibilities of PTs as part of the multidisciplinary team and suggest guidelines for PT involvement within the HTC.MethodsRespondents were a subset of a convenience sample of healthcare providers who responded to a non‐validated survey developed by a multi‐disciplinary panel of haemophilia experts.ResultsA 33.0% response‐rate (n = 59) representing all regions of US HTCs was achieved. Those working ≥10 hours per week were more likely to provide nutrition education (P = .026) and surgical options education (P < .001). Those who billed insurance for their services during comprehensive visits were more likely to provide education regarding surgical options (P = .046). The majority of PTs (95.0%) evaluated pain regardless of time spent in clinic and felt comfortable treating pain. Fifty‐eight percent used a formal pain measurement tool and more likely to use a formal pain measurement tool if billing insurance (P = .004). Top five non‐pharmacologic treatments recommended for pain management included splints/braces (84.8%), aquatic therapy (74.6%), orthotics (71.2%), surgical options (47.5%) and yoga (32.2%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated PT utilization across HTC centres varies widely. Gaps in care may be addressed through salary support, funded education, greater regional/national collaboration of PTs specializing in bleeding disorders and advocacy for insurance coverage for appropriate services.
In vitro efficacy of a non‐instrumentation technique to remove intracanal multispecies biofilm
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Mansour Dina , Saavedra Flavia , Staley Christopher , Chen Ruoqiong , Fok Alex S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a non‐instrumentation technique to disinfect root canals infected by a human dental plaque‐derived multispecies biofilm.MethodologyTwenty‐two mandibular incisors were accessed, autoclaved and inoculated with dental plaque. The Center for Disease Control biofilm reactor was used to promote contamination of the root canal space. In the conventional technique (control), the specimens were instrumented until size 35/04 and irrigated with 6% NaOCl. In the non‐instrumentation technique, a glide path was established using K‐files size 10–20 and specimens were immediately cleaned with the GentleWave System. Samples were obtained for culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences in abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis test, and differences in alpha diversity were compared using anova. Alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated using mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used to measure alpha diversity. The Bray–Curtis dissimilarity was used to measure beta diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe total numbers of reads in biological samples ranged from 126 to 45 286. Significantly fewer reads were obtained from samples following cleaning by either method (p < .0001), and significantly fewer reads were obtained in post‐cleaning samples following conventional versus non‐instrumentation cleaning regiment (p = .002). Communities in pre‐treatment samples were similar in both groups; however, significantly greater relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella and Campylobacter were observed following cleaning using non‐instrumentation technique (Kruskal–Wallis p = .009, .033, and .001, respectively). Whilst no significant differences were observed in Shannon alpha diversity, the Chao1 index was significantly lower in post‐cleaning samples.ConclusionsSignificant shifts in composition were observed following cleaning by using both regimens, but the impact of this change was greater following a conventional cleaning technique.
Etching behavior of ground fused silica and light enhancement modulated by surface/subsurface cracks
Authors: Ye Hui , Li Xiaofeng , Jiang Chen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanical defects (scratches/cracks) originated from grinding processing need to be dislodged so that improving the optical performance of fused silica. In this paper, HF‐based (HF represents hydrofluoride acid) etchant was used as a subsequent fabrication for loose‐abrasive ground fused silica, and the surface morphology and characteristics of samples were evaluated, meanwhile, the electric/light field distribution around treated cracks was simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The results show that sufficient material removal amount blunts the cracks to be a series of parabolic‐shaped and smooth craters fused with each other, whose diameter and depth grow as a power function with etched depth. Triple subsurface defect depth should be removed so as to mitigate surface roughness to be ∼2.46 µm and promote transmission from initial 22.55%–54.02%. FDTD simulation results reveal that deep etching alleviates the light intensification factor (LIF) of craters within 1.8 as the diameter‐to‐depth ratio of craters is increased over 10. Moreover, a thickness removal model of ground fused silica involving the cracks distribution characteristics, cracks etching behavior as well as the LIF variation of craters is established, in which the supposed etched depth is determined to promote the manufacturing efficiency and laser damage resistance of the material.
Effects of lotus rhizome root powder made by different levels and drying methods on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of regular‐fat model sausages
Authors: Qiu Zhuang Zhuang , Chin Koo Bok 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe effects on physicochemical properties and shelf‐life of regular‐fat model sausages (RFMSs) added with oven‐dried or freeze‐dried lotus rhizome root powder (LRRP, ≤150 µm) at two different concentrations (0.5% or 1%) were investigated in this study. RFMSs added with LRRP showed decreased lightness (L*), reduced microbial counts, and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), but increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hardness, and cohesiveness. The changes in L*, a*, and b* of RFMSs treated with 1% oven‐dried LRRP were the largest. Furthermore, addition of 1% oven‐dried LRRP to the RFMSs minimised the TBARS value and the microbial count. RFMSs treated with LRRP had a denser and more compact microstructure than RFMSs without LRRP based on low‐vacuum scanning electron microscopy analysis. Therefore, LRRP improved the shelf‐life of RFMSs, especially 1% oven‐dried LRRP inhibited the maximum lipid oxidation and microbial growth.
Effects of ultrasound power on the properties of non‐salt chicken myofibrillar protein emulsions
Authors: Fu Qing‐quan , Shi Hai‐bo , Zhou Lei , Li Pan‐pan , Wang Rong‐rong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe present study was designed to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic powers (0–600 W) on the storage stability, rheological properties and microstructure of non‐salt chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions. The Turbiscan stability index (TSI) values, storage modulus (G′) values, loss modulus (G″) values, viscosity values and droplet size of the MP emulsions first increased and then decreased with an increase in ultrasonic power. The results of the creaming index and TSI values showed that ultrasonic treatment effectively improved the storage stability of the emulsions compared with non‐ultrasonic treatment. Meanwhile, sonication decreased the oil droplet size and the contact angles accompanied by an increase in G′ and G″ values and the viscosity. The oil droplets became smaller and more uniform distribution observed through the different kinds of microscopic analysis. The physical stability of non‐salt MP emulsions treated with different ultrasonic powers was significantly enhanced, and ultrasonic treatment with 450 W power had the optimal efficiency for the stability of the emulsions.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose‐modified whey protein concentrate microcapsules for the encapsulation of tangeretin
Authors: Hu Yan , Lu Hang , Liu Fei , Liu Yongling 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe oral bioavailability of tangeretin is limited by its low water solubility and high crystallisation. In the present study, tangeretin was entrapped in whey protein concentrate (WPC)‐stabilised emulsions to enhance its bioaccessibility. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was added to modify the interface of the emulsion droplets, and Ca2+‐crosslinking was used to induce the gel formation. Spray drying of the emulsions or gels enabled to produce microcapsules. The physicochemical characteristics and in vitro digestion behavior of the microcapsules were investigated. Results indicated that HPMC modification and Ca2+‐crosslinking increased the average particle size, altered the microstructure, ameliorated the quality of the WPC‐based microcapsules and improved the encapsulation efficiency of tangeretin. Furthermore, the in vitro studies showed that HPMC modified and Ca2+‐added microcapsules could control the release of free fatty acid. HPMC greatly increased the bioaccessibility of tangeretin from around 28% to 80%. Overall, these results confirmed that HPMC‐modified WPC microcapsules could be a promising carrier to protect hydrophobic functional ingredients and improve their oral bioavailability.
Nursing engagement in genetics and genomics: A developing country's perspective
Authors: Abad Peter James B. , Sur Aster Lynn D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo review how nursing is engaged with genetics/genomics developments in the Philippines’ healthcare system.BackgroundThere is an increasing demand for genetics services. However, the number of genetics professionals is lagging with this demand. Nurses play pivotal roles in mainstreaming genetics/genomics across healthcare settings.Sources of evidencePublished and gray literature on genetics/genomics services in the Philippines and roles of nurses and the experiences of the authors.DiscussionNurses involved in genetics in the Philippines work in specialty genetics clinics and in newborn screening (NBS). Several issues hinder maximizing roles of nurses in genetics, such as the absence of competency standards, inadequate educational preparation, absence of a specialty organization, and increased workload of nurses.ConclusionThe engagement of nursing with genetics/genomics is limited. Increasing awareness on the impact of nursing in genetics/genomics, adopting competency standards, and curricular integration are key if nurses’ roles in genetic healthcare are to be realized.Implications for nursing practiceIntroducing genetics/genomics systematically in practice environments is crucial. Tools such as the Method for Introducing New Competency Genomics can be used as a guide. Existing population‐based genetics programs such as NBS and rare disease offer a good context to introduce genetics in existing courses in the curriculum.Implications for nursing policyNursing leaders need to be aware and recognize the relationship between nursing and genetics/genomics. A local specialty group in genetics and collaboration with international organizations are crucial to advocate the inclusion of genetics/genomics in nursing. Existing genetics/genomics competency standards can be validated in the local context to inform curricular integration.