bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigens of Three Medically Important Schistosoma spp
Authors: Suleiman J. , T. Isyaku N. , E. Ukatu V. , Alhaji Y. I. 
Published: July 2022

The present study was carryout to review the antigens of three (3) medically important Schistosomes namely: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. The parasites-host relationship, the antigens, the species that produce the antigens, and the functions of the antigens were discussed. Identified antigens include: Sm-24 kDa, Sm108 kDa, Polymorphic mucins, 28/30 kDa Protease, 47 kDa protease, 60 kDa protease, Cercarial Elastase (CE) also called 28/30 kDa, Cathepsin, 22.6 kDa, 23 kDa, 16 kDa/SLP/SPO-1, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), SmEnolase, SmCalp1, 28-kD GST (rSh28GST), 29-kDa, Calpain (Sp80) and SG3PDH. The above mention antigens of the parasites were found to be much important since they enable them to compete with body immunity while carrying out their metabolic activities, reproduction, growth, defense, resistance, and so many other things within the host. Therefore, these antigens are very important in immunological studies; hence, it was recommended that, Since some parasite antigens were found to be promising candidates for developing a vaccine to protect against Schistosoma infection, more parasite antigens should be searched for the best planning and development of numerous strategies that aid in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.
Evaluation of Some Hepato- Renal Biochemical Parameters in Typhoid Fever Patients in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Nigeria
Authors: Martin Wankasi, Mieebi , Simeon George, Gborienemi , Waibode Alabrah, Peter , Solomon Agoro, Eni-yimini 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Typhoid fever infection is one of the most prevalent diseases in developing countries. It is caused by Salmonella species and can affect multiple organs in the body if left untreated. The purpose of this study was to determine the biochemical patterns of renal and liver biochemical parameters in patients admitted with typhoid fever.
Methodology: A total of 100 subjects were recruited for the study, with 50 typhoid-positive patients and 50 typhoid-negative individuals serving as controls. Blood samples collected from the subjects were analyzed for Salmonella Typhi titre, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using WHO-approved methods. The data obtained were statistically evaluated in SPSS version 22.
Results: The comparison between the positive and negative titres of Salmonella Typhi showed a significant increase in concentrations of creatinine and AST in the positive titres, whereas sodium decreased.
Conclusion: This result suggests that patients with high titers of Salmonella Typhi are more susceptible to hepatocellular injury, muscle wasting, and hyponatremia. Therefore, liver and kidney function tests should be essential clinical tests for the management of typhoid fever.
In silico and in vivo Biological Evaluation of Chenopodium quinoa on Scopolamine Induced Memory Impairment in Mice
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Mondal Triyasha , Reddy N. V. L. V. Suvarchala , Khan Imran 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo and insilico anti- amnesic activity of the ethanolic extract of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa. To establish the exact the mechanism of action, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were subjected to in silico studies using schrodinger and pass software.
Methodology: The powdered material of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa were dried and extracted with ethanol by soxhlation technique. In vivo evaluation of anti- amnesic activity of the ethanolic extract of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa was carried using Transfer latency by Elevated plus maze, Novel object recognition test and Passive avoidance time by cook’s pole climbing apparatus. The major phytoconstituents were subjected to molecular docking using PDB ID: 1EVE, 6N33, 2FV5 and 6W2X. Prediction studies for biological activities, adverse effects, direct and possible targets and using PASS (Predictions of activity spectra for substances) online software.
Results: The extract was administered at doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant anti- amnesic activity. The prolongation of the transfer latency time (secs) in the elevated plus-maze test is as an indicator for impairment of learning and memory. In Novel objective recognition test the time of memorizing the familiar object with that of the novel object and time taken for each animal to recognize the novel object compare to familiar object is noted. The results revealed that Quercetin, Beta sitosterol, Kaempferol, Dimethyl sulphide, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stigmasterol, Lenolenic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Tocopherols, Arachidonic acid and standard Donepezil have got highest glide scores against PDB ID: 1EVE, 6N33, 2FV5 and 6W2X. The ADME results revealed the higher oral bioavailability. The major phytoconstituents were subjected to prediction studies for biological activities, adverse effects, direct and possible targets and using PASS (Predictions of activity spectra for substances) online software.
Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic extract seeds of Chenopodium quinoa possessed significant anti- amnesic activity.
Association Between Myopic Refractive Error and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Choquet Hélène , Khawaja Anthony P. , Jiang Chen , Yin Jie , Melles Ronald B. , Glymour M. Maria , Hysi Pirro G. , Jorgenson Eric 
Published: July 2022

ImportanceRefractive error (RE) is the most common form of visual impairment, and myopic RE is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Whether this association represents a causal role of RE in the etiology of POAG remains unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate shared genetic influences and investigate the association of myopic RE with the risk for POAG.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational analyses were used to evaluate the association between mean spherical equivalent (MSE) RE (continuous trait) or myopia (binary trait) and POAG risk in individuals from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. To quantify genetic overlap, genome-wide genetic correlation analyses were performed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MSE RE or myopia and POAG from GERA. Potential causal effects were assessed between MSE RE and POAG using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Genetic variants associated with MSE RE were derived using GWAS summary statistics from a GWAS of RE conducted in 102 117 UK Biobank participants. For POAG, we used GWAS summary statistics from our previous GWAS (3836 POAG cases and 48 065 controls from GERA). Data analyses occurred between July 2020 and October 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasureOur main outcome was POAG risk as odds ratio (OR) caused by per-unit difference in MSE RE (in diopters).ResultsOur observational analyses included data for 54 755 non-Hispanic White individuals (31 926 [58%] females and 22 829 [42%] males). Among 4047 individuals with POAG, mean (SD) age was 73.64 (9.20) years; mean (SD) age of the 50 708 controls was 65.38 (12.24) years. Individuals with POAG had a lower refractive MSE and were more likely to have myopia or high myopia compared with the control participants (40.2% vs 34.1%, P = 1.31 × 10−11 for myopia; 8.5% vs 6.8%, P = .004 for high myopia). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrated that POAG was genetically correlated with MSE RE (rg, −0.24; SE, 0.06; P = 3.90 × 10−5), myopia (rg, 0.21; SE, 0.07; P = .004), and high myopia (rg, 0.23; SE, 0.09; P = .01). Genetically assessed refractive MSE was negatively associated with POAG risk (inverse-variance weighted model: OR per diopter more hyperopic MSE = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings demonstrate a shared genetic basis and an association between myopic RE and POAG risk. This may support population POAG risk stratification and screening strategies, based on RE information.
Do Patients With Intersectional Disadvantage Have Poorer Outcomes From Osteoarthritis Management Programs? A Tapered Balancing Study of Patient Outcomes From the Good Life With Osteoarthritis in Denmark Program
Authors: Peat George , Yu Dahai , Grønne Dorte T. , Marshall Michelle , Skou Soren T. , Roos Ewa M. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether adults with potential multiple social disadvantage have poorer outcomes following attendance in an osteoarthritis (OA) management program (OAMP), and if so, what might determine this result.MethodsAmong consecutive knee OA attendees of the Good Life With Osteoarthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) OAMP in Denmark we defined a group with potential “intersectional disadvantage” based on self‐reported educational attainment, country of birth, and citizenship. Outcomes of this group were compared with GLA:D participants who were native Danish citizens with higher educational attainment. Outcomes were pain intensity, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) quality of life subscale score, and the EuroQol 5‐domain instrument in 5 levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) score at 3 and 12 months. After data preprocessing, we used entropy balancing to sequentially control for differences between the groups in baseline covariates. Mean between‐group differences in outcomes were estimated by weighted linear regression.ResultsOf 18,448 eligible participants, 250 (1.4%) were nonnative/foreign citizens with lower education. After balancing for differences in baseline score and in administrative and demographic characteristics, they had poorer outcomes than higher‐educated native Danish citizens on pain intensity and EQ‐5D‐5L score at both follow‐up points (e.g., between‐group mean differences in pain visual analog scale [0–100] at 3 and 12 months: 3.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.5, 7.3] and 6.2 [95% CI 1.7, 10.7], respectively). Differences in KOOS quality of life subscale score, were smaller or absent. Balancing for differences on baseline score, comorbidity, self‐efficacy, and depression had the greatest effect on reducing observed outcome inequalities.ConclusionOutcome inequalities widened following OAMP attendance, particularly at longer‐term follow‐up, but the magnitude of differences was generally modest and inconsistent across outcome measures. Tailoring content to reduce outcome inequalities may be indicated, but improving access appears the greater priority.
Engineering the NiNC Catalyst Microenvironment Enabling CO2 Electroreduction with Nearly 100% CO Selectivity in Acid
Authors: Sheng Xuedi , Ge Wangxing , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCO2 electrolysis in acid has emerged as a promising route to achieve high CO2 utilization due to the inhibition of undesired carbonate formation that generally occurs in alkaline or neutral conditions. However, the efficiency and stability of this system need to be further improved through tailoring of the electrocatalyst and its working environment. Here, a working microenvironment of structurally engineered NiNC catalyst for acidic CO2 electrolysis is probed and optimized by adding hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) nanoparticles in the catalytic layer of gas‐diffusion electrodes. The PTFE‐modified electrode delivers nearly 100% CO Faradaic efficiency at an industry‐relevant current density of 250 mA cm−2, and a high single‐pass CO2 utilization of 75.7% at a current density of 200 mA cm−2 under 20 sccm CO2 gas flow rate. Moreover, compared to a conventional electrode without added PTFE, the PTFE‐modified electrode exhibits a substantially enhanced water‐flooding‐resistant ability. Mechanistic investigations reveal that a moderate PTFE modification can optimize the local CO2/H2O ratio in the catalytic layer, favoring the reduction of the diffusion layer thickness and the formation of a highly active and stable solid–liquid–gas interfacial microenvironment.
Synergizing Hydrogen Spillover and Deprotonation by the Internal Polarization Field in a MoS2/NiPS3 Vertical Heterostructure for Boosted Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Yaoda , Chen Ya , Tian Yahui , Sakthivel Thangavel , Liu Hang , Guo Shengwu , Zeng Haibo , Dai Zhengfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen spillover (HSo) has emerged to upgrade the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Pt‐support electrocatalysts, but it is not applicable to the deprotonated oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Non‐precious catalysts that can perform well in both HSo and deprotonation (DeP) are extremely desirable for a sustainable hydrogen economy. Herein, an affordable MoS2/NiPS3 vertical heterostructure catalyst is presented to synergize HSo and DeP for efficient water electrolysis. The internal polarization field (IPF) is clarified as the driving force of HSo in HER electrocatalysis. The HSo from the MoS2 edge to NiPS3 can activate the NiPS3 basal plane to boost the HER activity of the MoS2/NiPS3 heterostructure (112 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm–2), while for OER, the IPF in the heterostructure can facilitate the hydroxyl diffusion and render MoS2‐to‐NiPS3/P‐to‐S dual‐pathways for DeP. As a result, the stacking of OER‐inactive MoS2 on the NiPS3 surface still brings intriguing OER enhancements. With them serving as electrode couples, the overall water splitting is attested stably with a cell voltage of 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2. This research puts forward the IPF as the criterion in the rational design of HSo/DeP‐unified non‐precious catalysts for efficient water electrolysis.
An Ultrahigh Rate and Stable Zinc Anode by Facet‐Matching‐Induced Dendrite Regulation
Authors: Yi Zhehan , Liu Jiaxin , Tan Shandong , Sang Zhiyuan , Mao Jing , Yin Lichang , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Liqun , Hou Feng , Dou Shi Xue , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Liang Ji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResource‐abundant metal (e.g., zinc) batteries feature intrinsic advantages of safety and sustainability. Their practical feasibility, however, is impeded by the poor reversibility of metal anodes, typically caused by the uncontrollable dendrite enlargement. Significant effort is exerted to completely prevent dendrites from forming, but this seems less effective at high current densities. Herein, this work presents an alternative dendrite regulation strategy of forming tiny, homogeneously distributed, and identical zinc dendrites by facet matching, which effectively avoids undesirable dendrite enlargement. Confirmed by multiscale theoretical screening and characterization, the regularly exposed Cu(111) facets at the ridges of a copper nanowire are capable of such dendrite regulation by forming a low‐mismatched Zn(002)/Cu(111) interface. Consequently, reversible zinc electroplating/stripping is achieved at an unprecedentedly high rate of 100 mA cm−2 for over 30 000 cycles, corresponding to an accumulative areal capacity up to 30 Ah cm−2. A full cell using this anode shows a high capacity of 308.3 mAh g−1 and a high capacity retention of 91.4% after 800 cycles. This strategy is also viable for magnesium and aluminum anodes, thus opening up a promising and universal avenue toward long‐life and high‐rate metal anodes.
Intrinsic Contribution of Mass Transport within Nanoscale Channels of Nanoporous Gold for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction
Authors: Yu Tianshui , Zhou Xiangji , Chen Yu , Chen Jin , Yuan Songliu , Qian Lihua , Lu Xianglong , Liu Pan , Lei Pengxiang , Li Xiuhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction enables the conversion of CO2 into fuel in favor of its global circulation. Nanoporous metals with interconnected and unique skeletons contain large amounts of active sites for effective catalysis, while reaction dynamics are usually stuck by mass transport limited by nanoscale channels. In this work, nanoporous gold (NPG) with different pore sizes is utilized to evaluate the intrinsic behavior of mass transport within nanoscale channels. By defining one comprehensive parameter to exclude the effect of crystalline facets, the intrinsic contribution of mass transport within nanoscale channels to catalytic activity is experimentally identified. Identical correlations between pore size and specific current density are observed in two kinds of NPG that contain crystalline facets with obviously different fractions and comparable fractions. Therefore, the specific current density of CO production monotonously increases with pore size, with a subsequent saturation in both NPG. The critical size of 46 nm correlating with mass transport within nanoscale channels offers one fundamental principle to design hierarchically porous catalysts with high electrochemical activity in the future.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transannulation of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Carboxylic Esters
Authors: Kaieda Yuya , Yamamoto Kosuke , Kuriyama Masami , Onomura Osamu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed transannulation of N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with carboxylic esters followed by acid‐mediated aromatization has been developed, affording a variety of 2,5‐disubstituted oxazole derivatives in good to high yields under mild reaction conditions. The present transformation is proposed to involve the intermolecular carbonyl ylide formation between in situ generated α‐imino rhodium carbene species and carboxylic esters, which undergoes the nucleophilic attack of the neighboring α‐imino moiety.magnified image
Railway Track Vibration Analysis and Intelligent Recognition of Fastener Defects
Authors: Yin Xianxian , Wei Xiukun , Zheng Haichao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rail fastener is an indispensable component used to connect the rail and sleepers in the track structure. Real‐time recognition of the fastener defects plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of rail transit. In this paper, an intelligent and innovative method is proposed to detect the fastener defects including the invisible defects appearing as bolt loosening and the visible defects such as the worn or completely missing fasteners by using axle‐box vibration acceleration and deep learning network. First, the dynamical relation between the fastener defects and the axle‐box vibration acceleration is investigated by using the first principle and the vehicle–track dynamical model. Then a defects recognition network is built based on the deep convolution neural network for track fasteners by using the frequency spectrum images of the axle‐box vibration. The results show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 98.27%. Finally, the track section where the fasteners are most likely to be damaged is investigated, and rail corrugation is found to be a key factor that causes fastener fatigue.
Protein Scaffold‐Based Multimerization of Soluble ACE2 Efficiently Blocks SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kayabolen Alisan , Akcan Ugur , Özturan Doğancan , Ulbegi‐Polat Hivda , Sahin Gizem Nur , Pinarbasi‐Degirmenci Nareg , Bayraktar Canan , Soyler Gizem , Sarayloo Ehsan , Nurtop Elif , Ozer Berna , Guney‐Esken Gulen , Barlas Tayfun , Yildirim Ismail Selim , Dogan Ozlem , Karahuseyinoglu Sercin , Lack Nathan A. , Kaya Mehmet , Albayrak Cem , Can Fusun , Solaroglu Ihsan , Bagci‐Onder Tugba 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoluble ACE2 (sACE2) decoys are promising agents to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2, as their efficiency is unlikely to be affected by escape mutations. However, their success is limited by their relatively poor potency. To address this challenge, multimeric sACE2 consisting of SunTag or MoonTag systems is developed. These systems are extremely effective in neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2 in pseudoviral systems and in clinical isolates, perform better than the dimeric or trimeric sACE2, and exhibit greater than 100‐fold neutralization efficiency, compared to monomeric sACE2. SunTag or MoonTag fused to a more potent sACE2 (v1) achieves a sub‐nanomolar IC50, comparable with clinical monoclonal antibodies. Pseudoviruses bearing mutations for variants of concern, including delta and omicron, are also neutralized efficiently with multimeric sACE2. Finally, therapeutic treatment of sACE2(v1)‐MoonTag provides protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in an in vivo mouse model. Therefore, highly potent multimeric sACE2 may offer a promising treatment approach against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.
Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Baudino Luisa , Santos Cleis , Pirri Candido F. , La Mantia Fabio , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing amount of batteries used in today's society has led to an increase in the demand of lithium in the last few decades. While mining resources of this element have been steadily exploited and are rapidly depleting, water resources constitute an interesting reservoir just out of reach of current technologies. Several techniques are being explored and novel materials engineered. While evaporation is very time‐consuming and has large footprints, ion sieves and supramolecular systems can be suitably tailored and even integrated into membrane and electrochemical techniques. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the available solutions to recover lithium from water resources both by passive and electrically enhanced techniques. Accordingly, this work aims to provide in a single document a rational comparison of outstanding strategies to remove lithium from aqueous sources. To this end, practical figures of merit of both main groups of techniques are provided. An absence of a common experimental protocol and the resulting variability of data and experimental methods are identified. The need for a shared methodology and a common agreement to report performance metrics are underlined.
Carbothermal Shock Synthesis of High Entropy Oxide Catalysts: Dynamic Structural and Chemical Reconstruction Boosting the Catalytic Activity and Stability toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ali , Wang Baoming , Harutyunyan Avetik R. , Li Ju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMixed transition‐metals (TM) based catalysts have shown huge promise for water splitting. Conventional synthesis of nanomaterials is strongly constrained by room‐temperature equilibria and Ostwald ripening. Ultra‐fast temperature cycling enables the synthesis of metastable metallic phases of high entropy alloy nanoparticles, which later transform to oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles upon use in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, an in situ synthesis of non‐noble metal high entropy oxide (HEO) catalysts on carbon fibers by rapid Joule heating and quenching is reported. Different compositions of ternary to senary (FeNiCoCrMnV) HEO nanoparticles show higher activity towards catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to a noble metal IrO2 catalyst. The synthesized HEO also show two orders of magnitude higher stability than IrO2, due to stronger carbide‐mediated intimacy with the substrate, activated through the OER process. Alloying elements Cr, Mn and V affect OER activity by promoting different oxidation states of the catalytically active TM (Fe, Ni and Co). Dissolution of less stable elements (Mn, V and Cr) leads to enhancements of OER activity. Dynamic structural and chemical perturbations of HEO oxide nanoparticles activate under OER conditions, leading to enlargement in ECSA by forming mixed single atom catalysts and ultra‐fine oxyhydroxide nanoparticles HEOs.