bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Country case study 7: Singapore
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The State has played a pivotal role not only in mapping out the strategic direction for the Singaporean economy but also in driving much of its structural transformation. Singapore has been very clear about what was expected of GLCs, and these have evolved over time in line with ever more sophisticated demands for economic growth. By most accounts, the strategy of State capitalism followed in Singapore has been extremely successful. GLCs bear quite a close resemblance to the best run private enterprises in the world though most GLCs are better. GLCs are run on a commercial basis, with a focus on bottom line performance. The long-term financial performance of GLCs has been very favourable, and private investors in GLCs have shared pro rata with the State in this success. In the domestic market, rents allocated to State agencies and GLCs have been held to the high-performance standards necessary to attract foreign private investment in other sectors of the economy. Rents earned in monopoly GLCs have been distributed legally and transparently to senior management, civil servants, and political leaders through generous remuneration packages.
Country case study 8: South Africa
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
SOEs in South Africa form a significant part of certain vital industries that serve as inputs to other industries. They are indispensable in fulfilling the State’s developmental mission. Since the mid-2000s, the overall economic environment in South Africa has been shaped largely by the RET policy; infrastructure-led growth; the B-BBEE policy; the economic dominance of key SOEs; and by State-investment institutions, like the Public Investment Corporation. But the combination of these policies and strategies has led to many unintended adverse consequences. It helped in the emergence of a symbiotic relationship between a constitutional state with clear rules and laws and a shadow state comprising well-organized patronage networks that facilitated corruption for the enrichment of a small group. The accumulated annual costs and debt burden of South Africa’s dysfunctional SOEs, in terms of jobs losses, deterred investments, and reduced economic growth, have become so high that they now threaten the country’s fiscal position and economic sustainability. South Africans therefore continue to suffer from poverty, inequality, and unemployment on a scale not unlike their condition under apartheid.
Prologue
Authors: Capp Bernard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Prologue opens with the story of John Rawlins, who was captured and sold into slavery at Algiers in 1621, and led a successful and bloody mutiny the following year to free himself and his companions. It uses the account he later published to introduce the themes of this book, including English attitudes towards Barbary and the Islamic world, Rawlins’ pamphlet belongs to the genre known as ‘captivity naratives’, and the Prologue discusses the different motives of Rawlins and other former captives in choosing to tell their stories in print. These narratives provide key source material for the book, though they are inevitably highly subjective, and the Prologue assesses their character, value, and limitations. It also introduces the other materials on which the book is based, including unpublished correspondence from consuls, merchants, and slaves in Barbary, government records, and petitions from slaves’ wives and families. The Prologue ends by identifying the themes addressed in each of the follfowing chapters.
The Experience of Slavery
Authors: Capp Bernard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The conditions endured by slaves in Barbary have been disputed ever since the seventeenth century, described as brutal by some and benign by others. Chapter 3 investigates the evidence to make sense of these contradictions. It explores the harsh lives of galley slaves, the close parallels between Barbary and European galleys, and the significantly different conditions in sail-driven men-of-war. Another section explores the lives and working conditions of slaves on land, whether housed in the bagnios or allowed to live and work with a degree of autonomy. These issues are pursued further through several case-studies, including William Okeley, Joseph Pitts, and Thomas Pellow. The chapter shows how there was no ‘typical’ slave experience. A slave’s conditions reflected a number of key variables, including social status, age, gender, and skills, and also the character and circumstances of his owner or owners. Many slaves passed through several, often with differing experiences. The final section explores the poorly documented lives of female captives, a small minority, and considers both those sold into domestic service and those consigned to the seraglio.
Soul Food
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In which I take another approach to our questions about epiphanies and experience. I ask: what nourishes the human psyche? Or as we might put it: what is soul food? The answer leads me to consider art, ethics, and religion, and the notions of symbol, narrative, and icon as they occur in those contexts. These notions are three of the key concepts around which our experience, including our epiphanic experience, is structured.
Ethical Experience and Other People
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In which I ask how any individual’s subjective experience involves other people. I argued in 6.8 that we should be phenomenal socialists, that is that we should accept the thesis that what we actually, directly, literally perceive is only or primarily instances of high-level phenomenal properties (and things in other categories). Chapter 7 argues, among other things, that we should be developmental-psychological socialists too: that is that we should accept the thesis that, as a matter of developmental psychology, the social does not just precede the individual, it creates it. I discuss five particular ways in which the social is constitutively involved in individuality: in child-development, in scripts, in audiences, in empathy, and in the publicity of the mental.
Storms over the Balkans during the Second World War
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In a new interpretation of the history of the Balkans during the Second World War, this book explores the tangled political rivalries, cultural clashes, and armed conflicts among the great powers and the indigenous people competing for influence and domination. The author takes an original approach to the region based on the interaction among geography, social conditions, and imperial rivalries that spans several centuries, culminating in three wars during the first half of the twentieth century. Against this background, Rieber focuses on leadership, personified by Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin, Churchill, and Tito, as the key to explaining events. For each one the Balkans represented a strategic prize vital for the fulfillment of their ambitious war aims. For the local forces the destabilization of the war offered the opportunity to reorder societies, expel ethnic minorities and expand national borders. The book illustrates how the leaders of the external powers were forced to improvise their tactics and compromise their ideologies under the pressure of war and the competing claims of their allies and clients. Neither the Axis nor the Allied camps were uniform blocs and deep divisions ran through the ranks of the resistance and those collaborating with the occupying powers. These tensions contributed to the failure of all the participants in the struggle to achieve their aims. The complexities of the wartime experiences help to explain the persistence of memories and unfulfilled aspirations that continue to haunt the region.
Mussolini
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mussolini’s intervention in the Balkans was aggressive but inconsistent. It was guided by his desire to overturn the Versailles settlement in order gain the territories promised Italy in the Treaty of London in 1915 as the basis for a renewal of Italy’s imperial policies in the Adriatic and Mediterranean. The historical roots of his policies went back to the Venetian Republic and the Risorgimento. He regarded Great Britain as the main obstacle to his plans. His occupation of Albania was the first step toward his goal. He forged an alliance with Hitler to secure his continent flank but sought to conduct a parallel war against Greece and Yugoslavia. His joint occupation of these countries with Germany was fraught with disagreements particularly over supporting pro-Axis movements among the Croats and Serbs.
Stalin
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Stalin’s major strategic interest in the Balkans was to secure a preponderant influence in Romania and Bulgaria in his negotiations with Germany leading to the Nazi–Soviet Pact and with Great Britain leading to the October 1944 spheres of influence deal. His territorial claims were limited to Bessarabia, a historic Russian claim necessary to gain control of the mouths of the Danube and secure the western shore of the Black Sea on the approaches to the Turkish Straits. Although he encouraged the resistance to the Axis occupation of the Balkans, he did not provide military assistance to the local communist dominated Partisan bands until late in the war when his armies crossed into the region. His ideological aims developed gradually, moving from the idea of national roads to socialism to the formation of popular democracies of coalition governments in which the communists would dominate.
Churchill
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Churchill pursued two traditional lines of British foreign policy. He sought to maintain British control over the Mediterranean as the vital connection with its imperial holdings in North Africa, the Middle and Far East. Equally, he opposed Hitler’s expansion as a threat to the balance of power on the continent. He negotiated with Stalin to secure British preponderance in Greece and supported Tito’s Partisans as the most effective resistance in Yugoslavia against the Axis. He aimed to restore constitutional monarchies in the region as the most effective means of checking Soviet penetration to the Mediterranean. Failing to persuade the United States to open a second front in the Balkans, he gained the acquiescence of Stalin and Roosevelt for a unilateral intervention to crush the communist led resistance in Greece, leading to civil war.
Tito
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tito emerged as the leader of Yugoslav Communist Party during the purges of the Comintern. From the beginning of his career he favored an insurrectionary path to socialism. But he was obliged to modify his leftist tendencies after the failure of the Montenegrin rising and strictures from Moscow. His early attempt to cooperate with Mihailović collapsed. He then directed his Partisans to wage civil war against the Serb Chetniks, the Croat Ustaša, and Nedić’ collaborationist regime, as well as the Axis occupation forces. He took his first steps toward the creation of a federal Yugoslav state. He accepted military aid from Britain and welcomed its agents. But he resisted the return of the Royal Government-in-exile in London. The Partisan program appealed to all ethnic and social groups including women. Within the resistance, Serbs constituted the bulk of the Partisans but he favored the Slovenes and tangled with the Croats.
Early Signs
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A review of relations with Moscow shows a pattern of rising tensions throughout the war. Tito advanced his plans for a postwar federal government including territories outside the pre-war boundaries of Yugoslavia. In the wake of the German retreat, he pushed his forces to occupy Istria including Trieste where he confronted the British army in a stand-off. This was the first armed crisis of the Cold War. Negotiations within the country over republican boundaries were fraught with tensions. His attempt to create a Balkan federation by joining with Bulgaria was opposed by Stalin. Tito supported the communists dominated EAM in the first stage of the Greek civil war and sought to bring Albania under Yugoslav control. After taking power, the Albanian communist party developed internal spits between pro-Yugoslav pro-Soviet factions.
Conclusion Storms Abate but then Build up
Authors: Rieber Alfred J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The leaders in the struggle over the Balkans during the Second World War, however radical their designs, were all historically minded, as references in the previous pages have demonstrated. The legacies of the past contributed heavily to their failures. The conclusion reviews the impact of the four major factors shaping the Balkans as a region, emphasizing the historic roots of the policies followed by the four principals of the narrative. It summarizes the extensive material and human losses in the war, which hardly changed state boundaries but destroyed the power of the old elites and established radically new regimes. The war also left a legacy of memories that continued to contribute to intra-state tensions and bitter ethnic relations for decades afterwards.
Law and Muslim Political Thought in Late Colonial North India
Authors: Hussain Adeel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the 1930s, much of the world was in severe economic and political crises. These upheavals ushered in new ways of thinking about social and political conditions. In some cases, these new ideas transformed entire political systems. Particularly in Europe, these transformations are well chronicled in scholarship. In scholarly writings on India, however, Muslim political thought has gone relatively unnoticed during this eventful decade. Instead, scholarship on Muslim India has so far privileged the early 1920s, where a movement to uphold the caliphate after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire briefly united Hindus and Muslims under Gandhi, and on the Pakistan movement of the 1940s. This book seeks to fill this gap. It maps the evolution of Muslim legal and political thought from roughly 1927 to 1940. By looking at landmark legal decisions in tandem with the political ideas of Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan’s founding fathers, this book highlights the more concealed ways in which Indian Muslims began to acquire a political outlook with distinctly separatist aspirations. What makes this period worthy of a separate study is that the legal antagonism between religious communities in the 1930s foreshadowed political conflicts that arose in the run-up to independence in 1947. The presented cases and thinkers reflect the possibilities and limitations of Muslim political thought in colonial India.
Shahidganj Mosque and the Burden of Time
Authors: Hussain Adeel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter sheds light on the Shahidganj dispute. It argues that the conflict laid bare the crucial questions of Muslim nationality: representation, time, and territoriality. This chapter maps how Indians approached notions of temporality and how they translated them into claims for nationality and sovereignty. As its main conceptual contribution, this chapter resolves the tension between proponents of a more static or homogenous notion of time and postmodern adherents that view temporality as necessarily existing in fragments. It argues that certain events can produce ‘temporal excesses’ in which divergent temporal imaginations can forge momentary unions that allow for an enunciation in collective political action. This chapter finds that temporality, politics, and law overlap in meaningful ways and cannot be studied distinct from one another.
A Quick Argument for Timelessness
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The first four chapters found that there are discoveries we could make that would lead people to deny that time exists. These discoveries could, however, be incompatible with what we know about the world from science. The goal of Part Two of the book is to show that the relevant discoveries are compatible with science. In this chapter, we take a look at recent physics. By drawing on work in quantum gravity, we offer a quick argument for the conclusion that our best science is compatible with the absence of time. We outline a challenge for this argument based on the expected emergence of spacetime. We address one version of this challenge, involving theoretical emergence.
Approximating Spacetime
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Chapter Seven, we consider a second line of argument for the claim that spacetime must emerge. This line of argument is based on the idea that without spacetime, empirical confirmation is not possible, and so we could never have any empirical basis to believe that spacetime and thus time do not exist. We consider two versions of this problem: one based on location, and one based on mental content. We resolve both by appealing to the idea that spacetime might be approximated by a non-spatiotemporal structure. This allows us to recover empirical confirmation without time.
The Trouble with Error Theory
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Chapter Ten, we take a closer look at temporal error theory. We differentiate two versions of the view: fictionalism and eliminativism. We then look to raise a problem for both of these versions. The problem is connected to the potential that error theory has to falsify agentive thought; but it runs deeper. Not only is agentive thought potentially falsified by temporal error theory, but this falsification threatens to make both forms of temporal error theory pragmatically incoherent in an interesting sense: one can’t actually act in the ways that error theory seems to demand. This serves as a springboard to Chapter Eleven, where show how to recover a realist picture of agency in the face of temporal error theory.
Time and Agency
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the final chapter, we show how to reconcile agency with the loss of time. We argue that agentive thoughts can be based on non-temporal foundations, allowing for a viable notion of agency in the face of temporal error theory. The picture of agency developed still invokes temporal thoughts in some cases, and so the link between time and agency is not completely severed. It is, however, weakened to the point where it is possible to gain enough of an agentive foothold to make temporal fictionalism viable. The key insight of Chapter Eleven is that agency can be rebuilt on purely causal foundations.
A Scent of Tea
Authors: Steinke Ronen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter refers to Anna’s grandmother, who recalled how the Nazi Stormtroopers came and stood outside of their greengrocer’s store on the Alexanderplatz, shouted anti-Jewish slogans, and urged people to boycott their business on 1 April 1933. It talks about SA Storm 33 or also known as the ‘Murder Storm’ that went to Moabit hospital and removed Jewish doctors from consulting rooms and operating theatres. It also details how the Jewish doctors were taken as prisoners to the former barracks on General-Pape-Straße, while some were brutally murdered, beaten to death with truncheons. The chapter analyzes the mistrust of Anna’s grandmother to Dr. Mohamed Helmy, who was the only doctor not taken during the Brownshirt raid. Instead of being expelled like his many Jewish colleagues, Dr. Helmy was promoted to the rank of senior consultant just at the age of just thirty-one.
A Fool’s Licence
Authors: Steinke Ronen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Dr. Mohamed Helmy’s thoughts about his new colleagues after Jewish doctors were taken by SA Storm 33, expressing his feelings of horror as patients suddenly began dying after routine operations. It mentions one of the junior doctors that mocked the new Nazi medical officers who certified patients as insane and yet they were teetering on the edge of insanity themselves. It also talks about Dr. Kurt Strauss, a sports physician that was appointed by the SA as the senior surgical consultant and found absolutely incompetent by a nurse in the Moabit hospital. The chapter explains how Muslim Berlin had been a place of culture and there was a shared nostalgia for the Ancient Orient and the comparatively harmonious coexistence of religions. It cites the journal Moslemische Revue that proudly noted that its events had been attended by important figures, such as Albert Einstein and Martin Buber.
A Step Too Far
Authors: Steinke Ronen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes Dr. Mohamed Helmy’s residence in a townhouse in Krefelder Straße 7, Moabit, where he was a neighbor to a Jewish tobacconist named Markus Lesser and a couple Getrud and Arthur Conitzers with their two daughters. It discusses how the townhouse, which belonged to the Jewish wine merchants Caroline and Feibusch Klag, was used by the Nazis for densification measures. It also mentions Erna Mendelsohn, whose home in the Altonaer Straße had been seized by the state and was moved to the townhouse. The chapter elaborates Dr. Helmy’s situation as the only resident who had not been made to share his apartment with a stranger as the rule implies that only Jews had to take in Jews. It recounts Dr. Helmy’s private practice in his home after he left the Moabit hospital when his contract ended on 30 June 1937, receiving patients in secret, and employing Anna as his assistant.
A Paper Marriage
Authors: Steinke Ronen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter mentions the network of Arab friends and confidants that were engaged in helping Dr. Mohamed Helmy to protect Anna. It details Anna’s paper marriage or mariage blanc to Abdel Aziz Helmy Hammad, a week after Anna’s conversion to Islam, which was a plan Dr. Helmy devised to procure Anna a legal route out of Berlin. It also explains Dr. Helmy’s decision to have a Sharia Marriage for Anna, emphasizing that a religious ceremony could prevent Anna from going to the registry office and having her cover blown. The chapter talks about the sham marriage networks that extended as far as Egypt, citing the case of an enterprising nurse that charged fifty Egyptian pounds to arrange a mariage blanc and another fifty for the divorce. It talks about Anna’s bridegroom, who was a a jazz musician and a long-standing and courageous opponent of the Nazis.
Introduction
Authors: Hernes Tor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Time represents potential for becoming a more dynamic tool for researchers and practitioners to explain complex organizational phenomena than in its current form. It is necessary to better account better for how organizational life fluctuates among moments of instantaneity, enduring continuity, and imagination of distant times. In order for its potential to be harnessed further, it is important to think of time as more than a temporal measure of activity such as pace, rhythm, acceleration, and duration. It is also important to transcend current dualisms, such as between event time and clock time. This book advances the argument of activity as constitutive of time and develops a framework that consists of four dimensions time-as-experience, time-as-resource, time-as-events, and time-as-practice.