bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Design of Multifunctional Interfacial Zn Host toward Practical Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Park Jung Been , Choi Changhoon , Park Jong Hyun , Yu Seungho , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) are receiving attention as large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, low toxicity, and the abundance of Zn. However, Zn anodes still undergo undesired dendrite growth and intrinsic side reactions, thereby hindering the practical application of ZMBs. In this study, a multifunctional porous zincophilic carbon host (FPCH) assisted by a thin ZnO interphase (ZI) on bare Zn (FPCH‐ZI/Zn) is rationally designed as the interfacial host for stable Zn deposition/dissolution processes to reduce the limitations of Zn anodes. Hydrophobic FPCH with large specific surface areas and zincophilic oxygen‐based functional groups induce a uniform distribution of electric field/Zn2+ flux and low nucleation overpotential and restrain side reactions. Additionally, hydrophilic ZI ensures sufficient quantities of the electrolyte are absorbed into FPCH‐ZI/Zn; it complements the shortcomings (low hygroscopicity of the electrolyte) of hydrophobic FPCH, depositing Zn inside the host. Consequently, the symmetric FPCH‐ZI/Zn cells exhibit excellent cycling performances with low‐voltage polarization, even under harsh operating conditions. Furthermore, in the MnO2∥Zn full‐cell tests, the FPCH‐ZI/Zn full cells exhibit superb long‐term cyclability compared to that of bare Zn under real‐world operating conditions (N/P ratio: ≈7.3), indicating the availability of FPCH‐ZI/Zn for practical ZMBs.
The relationship between chlorophyllous spores and mycorrhizal associations in ferns: evidence from an evolutionary approach
Authors: Mellado‐Mansilla Daniela , Testo Weston , Sundue Michael A. , Zotz Gerhard , Kreft Holger , Coiro Mario , Kessler Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseApproximately 14% of all fern species have physiologically active chlorophyllous spores that are much more short‐lived than the more common and dormant achlorophyllous spores. Most chlorophyllous‐spored species (70%) are epiphytes and account for almost 37% of all epiphytic ferns. Chlorophyllous‐spored ferns are also overrepresented among fern species in habitats with waterlogged soils, of which nearly 60% have chlorophyllous spores. Ferns in these disparate habitat types also have a low incidence of mycorrhizal associations. We therefore hypothesized that autotrophic chlorophyllous spores represent an adaptation of ferns to habitats with scarce mycorrhizal associations.MethodsWe evaluated the coevolution of chlorophyllous spores and mycorrhizal associations in ferns and their relation to habitat type using phylogenetic comparative methods.ResultsAlthough we did not find support for the coevolution of spore type and mycorrhizal associations, we did find that chlorophyllous spores and the absence of mycorrhizal associations have coevolved with epiphytic and waterlogged habitats. Transition rates to epiphytic and waterlogged habitats were significantly higher in species with chlorophyllous spores compared to achlorophyllous lineages.ConclusionsSpore type and mycorrhizal associations appear to play important roles in the radiation of ferns into different habitat types. Future work should focus on clarifying the functional significance of these associations.
Size reduction and skull shape parallelism following the evolutionary forest‐to‐savanna transition in Platyrrhini monkeys
Authors: Cáceres Nilton , Cerezer Felipe O. , Bubadué Jamile 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are strong physiological and behavioral differences that allow animals to live in forests versus savannas. For example, terrestrial forest‐dwelling mammals tend to be small compared to species living in savannas. Robust capuchin monkeys (genus Sapajus) are widespread in tropical South America, occurring in both forest and savanna environments, with forest species considered basal in an evolutionary context. Whether or not skull shape and size variations are associated with variation in resource use remains unknown, particularly for the two species living in savanna (Sapajus libidinosus and S. cay). Here we show that savanna species present convergent size and skull characteristics that may facilitate living in this new environment. Geometric morphometric methods were used to assess skull size and shape variation for 184 Sapajus specimens distributed across South America. We used phylogenetic generalized least squares to test size against environmental variables and multivariate morphological trajectories/partial least square analyses on the skull shape to detect shape differences in specimens between forest and savanna biomes. Our findings reveal Sapajus size reduction in the evolutionary transition from forest to savanna, a process related to increasing seasonality. Moreover, we found morphological parallelism in the skull (e.g., muzzle shortening) and (large) molars in the two savanna species, features that may facilitate the processing of harder food such as fallback resources. We associate these phenotypic differences to the evolutionary process of colonizing the savannas by primates (including early hominins), leading to morphological adaptations to tolerate stressful, seasonal environments, such as body size reduction and ingestion and mastication of tough foods.
Dental tissue proportions and linear dimensions of Sima de los Huesos lower incisors
Authors: Lockey Annabelle Louise , Martín‐Francés Laura , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Bermúdez de Castro José María , Martinón‐Torres María 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the phenotypic affinities of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) mandibular incisors dental tissue proportions, and radicular dimensions, relative to Neandertals, recent modern humans (RMH), and a large comparative sample of Pleistocene hominins.Materials and MethodsTwo dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) data were extracted from SH (n = 22) incisors, and compared with specimens from Krapina (n = 6) and Ehringsdorf (n = 2), RMH (n = 42), as well as a comparative sample of hominins from the literature (n = 244). We calculated average enamel thickness (AET), relative enamel thickness (RET) and radicular variables (cervical area [CA] and root surface area [RSA], root linear dimensions [RL], dentine and pulp volume [RDV, RPV, TRV]).ResultsWe found that SH incisor crown variables were generally undiagnostic for 2D and 3D AET and 2D RET. Trends indicated thicker 3D RET in RMH relative to SH hominins, Tighenif hominins, and Neandertals. The SH and Neandertal mandibular incisors share similar RL, RSA, and root tissue volumes when compared to other extinct members of Homo. Relative to all other extinct hominins examined here, SH incisors display a relatively narrow cervical labio‐lingual diameter. Finally, we found a weak correlations in SH and RMH between the crown and root variables.DiscussionThis study confirms that SH mandibular incisors' dental tissue proportions and root dimensions align more closely to Neandertals. However, the complete set of Neandertal apomorphies is not present within SH mandibular incisors. SH incisors concur with traits reported in SH canines, and contrasting patterns in the molars, revealing a dichotomy between the anterior and posterior teeth for dental tissue proportions.
Improving community health‐care systems’ early detection of cognitive decline and dementia
Authors:   PAD 20/20 Work Group on Community‐Based Detection of Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreliminary estimates suggest that current global health‐care systems lack the resource capacity to provide persons with dementia timely access to diagnosis, treatment, and care. There is an increasing need to improve timely identification of individuals who will likely progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia particularly among under‐represented, underserved, and vulnerable populations. The rapidly evolving area of bioinformatics of health system data and the emergence of fluid‐based biomarkers for pre‐symptomatic AD may provide an innovative strategic option for health system planners. A think‐tank style meeting entitled “The Campaign to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease Work Group on Community‐Based Detection and Assessment of Cognitive Decline” developed recommendations to guide future sustainability activities, public policy campaigns, and implementation pilots. The group identified and explored different pathways of community‐based detection using electronic health records, from different international health‐care systems, to detect and surveil individuals with early possible cognitive impairment.
Photo‐controllable Luminescence from Radicals Leading to Ratiometric Emission Switching via Dynamic Intermolecular Coupling
Authors: Jin Jia‐Ming , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Tan Ji‐Hua , Li Yang , Mu Yingxiao , Zhu Ze‐Lin , Cao Chen , Ji Shaomin , Hu Dehua , Huo Yanping , Zhang Hao‐Li , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of photoinduced luminescent radicals with dynamic emission color is still challenging. Herein we report a novel molecular radical system (TBIQ) that shows photo‐controllable luminescence, leading to a wide range of ratiometric color changes via light excitation. The conjugated skeleton of TBIQ is decorated with steric‐demanding tertiary butyl groups that enable appropriate intermolecular interaction to make dynamic intermolecular coupling possible for controllable behaviors. We reveal that the helicenic pseudo‐planar conformation of TBIQ experiences a planarization process after light excitation, leading to more compactly stacked supermolecules and thus generating radicals via intermolecular charge transfer. The photo‐controllable luminescent radical system is employed for a high‐level information encryption application. This study may offer unique insight into molecular dynamic motion for optical manufacturing and broaden the scope of smart‐responsive materials for advanced applications.
Precisely Tailoring Heterometallic Polyoxotitanium Clusters for the Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Gao Mei‐Yan , Bai Hui , Cui Xiaofeng , Liu Shuyan , Ling Shan , Kong Tingting , Bai Bing , Hu Canyu , Dai Yitao , Zhao Yingguo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian , Xiong Yujie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a promising yet challenging approach for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons to valuable oxygenated chemicals with O2 under mild conditions. In this work, we report an atomically precise material model to address this challenge. The key to our solution is the rational incorporation of Fe species into polyoxotitanium cluster to form a heterometallic Ti4Fe1 cocrystal. This newly designed cocrystal cluster, which well governs the energy and charge transfer as evidenced by spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations, enables the synergistic process involving C(sp3)−H bond activation by photogenerated holes and further reactions by singlet oxygen (1O2). Remarkably, the cocrystal Ti4Fe1 cluster achieves efficient and selective oxidation of hydrocarbons (C5 to C16) into aldehydes and ketones with a conversion rate up to 12 860 μmol g−1 h−1, 5 times higher than that of Fe‐doped Ti3Fe1 cluster. This work provides insights into photocatalyst design at atomic level enabling synergistic catalysis.
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of the 77Se Nucleus
Authors: Suh Eul Hyun , Ratnakar James , Singh Jaspal , Kovacs Zoltan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract77Se is a spin
, low sensitivity nucleus with a natural abundance of 7.6 %. Although 77Se NMR is very useful in the characterization of selenium containing molecules including seleno‐proteins, the detection of 77Se is challenging in biological samples without enrichment. Therefore, the goal of this work was to establish whether the 77Se signal could be enhanced in the liquid state by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR without the need of enrichment. The dominant spin‐lattice relaxation mechanism for 77Se is via chemical shift anisotropy, which is highly dependent on the molecular symmetry. Here we tested three selenium compounds (sodium selenate, sodium selenite and selenocystine) with different molecular symmetries in dissolution DNP experiments and demonstrated that 77Se DNP using commercially available hardware is feasible but the achieved NMR signal enhancements (1368‐fold for selenate, 125‐fold for selenite and no enhancement for selenocystine at 9.4 T) were strongly dependent on molecular symmetry.
Thermal properties of geopolymer composites containing microencapsulated phase change materials
Authors: Pławecka Kinga , Bąk Agnieszka , Bazan Patrycja , Łach Michał 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using phase change materials (PCMs) as one of the components of a geopolymer and to determine the effect of PCMs addition on the thermal properties of the geopolymer composite obtained. This paper presents the results of geopolymers produced based on fly ash with the addition of microencapsulated PCMs. The geopolymer composites were prepared by adding 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% PCM, and the curing process was carried out in two temperature ranges: 60°C and 75°C. A PCM with a melting point of 28°C (MicroCapsPCM28‐slurry [Slovenia]) was used. The composites were subjected to thermal conductivity tests in three temperature ranges (0–20°C; 20–40°C; and 30–50°C). This was followed by specific heat and density tests. In addition, the morphology of the geopolymers was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of PCMs to the geopolymer materials significantly reduces their thermal conductivity index (compared to the reference sample). Furthermore, the addition of microencapsulated phase‐change materials caused changes in the specific heat of the materials analyzed.
Influence of particle size of flame‐synthesized carbon nanoparticles on band gap and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Bharj Jyoti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBand gap and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated for flame‐synthesized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of four different particle size distributions. The particles were collected by varying the flow rates of fuel and oxidizer in a controllable co‐flow diffusion flame. The results indicated the possibility of both direct and indirect band gaps in the synthesized CNPs. The band gaps were found to increase with a decrease in the particle size, thereby exhibiting the quantum confinement effect. The PL properties observed with the pure powdered sample showed strong emission in the green region. However, for samples dispersed in isopropyl alcohol, the emission wavelength shifts towards the blue region, showing strong solvent dependence. The particle size of CNPs, however, only affects the emission peak intensities.
Inhibition of glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, and migration by Urolithin B through inducing G0/G1 arrest and targeting MMP‐2/‐9 expression and activity
Authors: Eidizade Fateme , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Zhiani Rahele , Mehrzad Jamshid , Mirzavi Farshad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne kind of brain cancer with a dismal prognosis is called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to its high growth rate and widespread tumor cell invasion into various areas of the brain. To improve therapeutic approaches, the objective of this research investigates the cytotoxic, anti‐metastatic, and apoptotic effect of urolithin‐B (UB) as a bioactive metabolite of ellagitannins (ETs) on GBM U87 cells. The malignant GBM cell line (U87) was examined for apoptosis rate, cell cycle analysis, cell viability, mRNA expressions of several apoptotic and metastasis‐associated genes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 activity and protein expression, and migration ability. The findings revealed that UB decreased U87 GBM viability in a dose‐dependent manner and NIH/3T3 normal cells with the IC50 value of 30 and 55 μM after 24 h, respectively. UB also induces necrosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in U87 cells. UB also increases ROS production and caused down‐regulation of Bcl2 and up‐regulation of Bax apoptotic genes. Additionally, treatment of UB reduced the migration of U87 cells. The protein levels, mRNA expression, and the MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 enzyme activities also decreased concentration‐dependently. So, due to the non‐toxic nature of UB and its ability to induce apoptosis and reduce the U87 GBM cell invasion and migration, after more research, it can be regarded as a promising new anti‐GBM compound.
Pre‐lab video demonstrations to enhance students' laboratory experience in a first‐year chemical engineering class
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Passaretti Paolo , Miri Taghi , Hart Abarasi , Favero Claudia , Anumudu Christian K. , Robbins Phillip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe limited capabilities of teaching laboratories, combined with an increasing number of students enrolled in university, require constant augmentation of instructional approaches. By enhancing laboratory demonstrations with digital technology, these structural issues can be addressed while at the same time enhancing student understanding and learning. Our case study focuses on the fermentation lab part of the Reaction Equilibria and Thermodynamics (RET) module, a first‐year chemical engineering course at the University of Birmingham. Video demonstrations were used to introduce students to the laboratory set‐ups and walk them through each step and technique. The video demonstrations allowed the students to attend the in‐person lab sessions having established knowledge and understanding of the processes involved and the outcomes desired, which decreased the burden on the facilities and the staff. A knowledge‐based quiz and a student survey conducted at the end of the module showed that the pre‐lab videos encouraged more active participation in the laboratory sessions and reinforced learning. Approximately 70% of the students polled in the first survey conducted within this project felt more confident going into the laboratory sessions after watching the pre‐lab videos and attempting the knowledge quiz, while 92% of the students polled in the second survey judged the pre‐lab video sessions as beneficial to them. Overall, the teaching method has the potential to improve student participation and access, boost confidence and learning, and provided a more structured and flexible approach to laboratory learning outcomes.
Critical action among Asian and Hispanic/Latinx youth: Identifying a multidimensional measure and exploring within‐group differences
Authors: Suzuki Sara , Quiles Taina B. , Maker Castro Elena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCritical action—behaviours aimed at dismantling systems of oppression—must be examined within youths' racialized experiences and should incorporate cultural and sociohistorical factors. We considered an expansive list of items capturing youth behaviours to create a novel four‐factor (service, community change, expression, and care) measure of critical action for Asian and Hispanic/Latinx youth. Multiple distinct profiles of critical action were identified within both racial‐ethnic groups, and associations between the profiles and sociodemographic and contextual support variables were explored. Gender differences in the type of critical action were found in both racial‐ethnic groups, pointing to the potential influence of gender roles on critical action among these populations. Differences in critical action patterns were also found between those born in the U.S. versus those born outside the U.S.; access to critical action may differ within racial‐ethnic groups depending on birthplace and associated nuances in familial and cultural contexts. This paper demonstrated a need for attending to variation between and within groups in the study of critical action in order to effectively support racialized youth's coping within and resistance against systems of oppression.
Bioactive Saponins of Primula vulgaris Huds. Promote Wound Healing through Inhibition of Collagenase and Elastase Enzymes: in Vivo, in Vitro and in Silico Evaluations
Authors: Kahraman Cigdem , Sari Suat , Küpeli Akkol Esra , Tatli Cankaya Irem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrimula vulgaris Huds. leaves and roots were used to treat skin damage and inflammation in Anatolian Folk Medicine. This study aimed to assess the ethnopharmacological use of the plant using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico test models. Linear incision and circular excision wound models were used to determine the in vivo wound‐healing potential of the plant extracts and fractions. In vitro assays including hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase inhibitory activities were carried out for the active compounds to discover their activity pathways. Structure‐based molecular modeling was performed to understand inhibitory mechanisms regarding collagenase and elastase at the molecular level. The butanol fraction of the roots of P. vulgaris showed the highest wound‐healing activity. Through activity‐guided fractionation and isolation techniques, primulasaponin I (1) and primulasaponin I methyl ester (2) were stated as the major active compounds. These compounds exerted their activities through the inhibition of collagenase and elastase enzymes. Primulasaponin I methyl ester isolated from butanol fraction was found to be the strongest agent, especially with the values of 29.65 % on collagenase and 38.92 % on elastase inhibitory activity assays, as well as molecular docking studies. The present study supports scientific data for the traditional use of P. vulgaris and the wound healing properties of the plant can be referred to secondary metabolites as especially saponins found in the roots.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from ThreeRhododendronSpecies and Their Repellent, Insecticidal and Fumigant Activities
Authors: Sang YuLi , Wang Pei , Liu JingYu , Hao YanJun , Wang XiuLan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to assess the repellent, contact, and fumigant properties of three essential oils (EOs) fromRhododendronspecies in China against adults ofTribolium castaneum,Lasioderma serricorne,Sitophilus oryzae, this study analyzed their chemical components. The three EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation from leaves ofRhododendronspecies, includingR. davidsonianum,R. heliolepis and R. strigillosum. Sesquiterpenoids and monoterpenes were the main components of the three EOs that were detected by GC/MS and GC‐FID. α‐Pinene, β‐Caryophyllene, α‐Humulene, Kaura‐16‐ene and Sandaracopimaradiene was among the comparatively high components. In this study, the EOs of threeRhododendronspecies demonstrated repellent activities againstT. castaneumandL. serricornein 2 h and 4 h exposure, but the repellent activity toS. oryzaewas not obvious. The three EOs fromR. davidsonianum,R. heliolepis and R. strigillosumalso had contact activities and fumigant activities against theTribolium castaneum(LC50=13.453 mg/L air, 4.728 mg/L air, 4.529 mg/L air and LD50=15.027 μg/adult, 15.017 μg/adult, 10.994 μg/adult, respectively),Lasioderma serricorne(LC50=8.584 mg/L air, 6.044 mg/L air, 6.355 mg/L air and LD50=4.566 μg/adult, 7.067 μg/adult, 3.652 μg/adult, respectively) andSitophilus oryzae(LC50=3.304 mg/L air, 6.795 mg/L air, 7.130 mg/L air and LD50=10.200 μg/adult, 15.021 μg/adult, 9.178 μg/adult, respectively) adults. The above results not only opened a potential prospect for applications ofRhododendronsin the prevention and control of insects in stored products, but also provide a basis for the comprehensive utilization of the rich naturalRhododendronplant resources.