bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Short-Term Use of Different Doses of Corticosteroid in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia
Authors: Özen Seval , Gülhan Belgin , Yüksek Saliha Kanik , Güney Ahmet Yasin , Erat Tuğba , Yahşi Aysun , Güneş Ömer , Güder Latife , Mustafaoğlu Özlem , Bayraktar Pınar , Üçkardeş Fatih , Emeksiz Serhat , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Parlakay Aslınur Özkaya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective Encouraged by reports of favorable outcomes following the use of corticosteroids in patients with moderate-to-severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, we aimed to present our experience with early short-term corticosteroid use at our center in pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods One hundred and twenty-nine pediatric patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to the type and dose of corticosteroids given: Group 1 (those receiving dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg/d); Group 2 (those receiving methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/d); Group 3 (those receiving methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg/d); and Group 4 (those receiving pulse methylprednisolone 10–30 mg/kg/d).
Results Of 129 patients, 19 (14.7%) patients were assigned to Group 1, 30 (23.3%) patients to Group 2, 30 (23.3%) patients to Group 3, and 50 (38.8%) patients to Group 4. Thirty-two (24.8%) patients were followed in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), of whom 13 (10%) required mechanical ventilation, and 7 (%5.4) died. In Group 4, the hospitalization length was significantly longer than in other groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). No significant difference was found among the groups in terms of mortality (p = 0.15). The most common comorbidity was obesity (33%). A significant association was found between the presence of comorbidity and mortality (p < 0.001). All patients who died had an underlying disease. Cerebral palsy was the most common underlying disease among the patients who died. Worsening of lymphopenia was significant in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia at the time of transfer to the PICU (p = 0.011).
Conclusion Although children usually have a milder course of COVID-19 than adults, underlying diseases and obesity increase the severity of disease manifestations also in children. Further studies are needed to define the exact role of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients.
6-Benzyladenine alleviates NaCl stress in watermelon (
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Gao Meiling , Guo Yu , Zhang Ziwei , Zhang Zhaomin , Chi Li , Qu Zhongcheng , Wang Lei , Huang Rongyan 
Published: December 2022

Soil salinity is a growing problem in agriculture, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can regulate plant response to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defences in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress. Two watermelon genotypes were subjected to four different treatments: (1) normal water (control); (2) 20 mg L−1 6-BA; (3) 120 mmol L−1 NaCl; and (4) 120 mmol L−1 NaCl + 20 mg L−1 6-BA. Our results showed that NaCl stress inhibited the growth of watermelon seedlings, decreased their photosynthetic capacity, promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, and lowered the activity of protective enzymes. Additionally the salt-tolerant Charleston Gray variety fared better than the salt-sensitive Zhengzi NO.017 variety under NaCl stress. Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stress significantly increased biomass accumulation, as well as photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels, H2O2 content, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, 6-BA enhanced photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate; activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase; and improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by stimulating glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase, as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione content. Principal component analysis confirmed that 6-BA improved salt tolerance of the two watermelon varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017, albeit through two different regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, 6-BA treatment could alleviate NaCl stress-induced damage and improve salt tolerance of watermelons by regulating photosynthesis and osmoregulation, activating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and promoting antioxidant defences.
Correlation renormalized and induced spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Jiang Kun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interplay of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and electron correlation generates a bunch of emergent quantum phases and transitions, especially topological insulators (TI) and topological transitions. In this work, we find that electron correlation will induce extra large SOC in multi-orbital systems under atomic SOC and change ground state topological properties. Using Hartree-Fock mean field theory, phase diagrams of $p_{x}/p_{y}$ orbital ionic Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice are well studied. In general, correction of strength of SOC $\delta \lambda \propto (U'-J)$. Due to breaking down of rotation symmetry, form of SOC on multi-orbital materials are also changed under correlation. If non-interacting system is close to fermionic instability, spontaneous generalized SOC can also be found. Using renormalization group, SOC is leading instability close to quadratic band-crossing point. Mean fields at quadratic band-crossing point are also studied.
Reconfigurable bionic soft pneumatic gripper for fruit handling based on shape and size adaptation
Authors: Cheng Peilin , Lu Yebo , Wu Chuanyu , Yan Bo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A universal soft gripper for fruit grasping is challenging to develop. In this study, a modular and reconfigurable soft pneumatic gripper was designed. The designed gripper was inspired by the dexterous grasping of the human hand for fruits of different shapes and sizes. It comprised three soft extension actuators (SEAs), two soft rotation actuators (SRAs), and three soft bending actuators (SBAs). By adjusting SRAs, two grasping poses (claw and clenching pose) could be made to hold fruits of different shapes. The grasping size under each pose could be continuously adjusted by SEAs to grasp fruits of different sizes. SBAs were used to mimic soft fingers for grasping. Theoretical and simulation models were established to predict the relationships between deformations and pressures of SEAs, SRAs, and SBAs. The deformation characteristics of these actuators were experimentally investigated. It was shown that, by inflating SEAs, the grasping sizes under the claw and clenching poses could be increased by 87.5% and 94.5%, respectively. Furthermore, a visual recognition system was designed for automatically controlling the grasping pose and size. Grasping tests showed that, by reconfiguring the grasping pose and size, various fruits, vegetables, and foods with weights from 32 to 786 g (24.6 folds) and diameters from 30 to 141 mm (4.7 folds) could be successfully grasped, indicating the broad applicability of our all-pneumatic soft gripper.
Superconductivity and density-wave fluctuations in an extended triangular Hubbard model: an application to SnSe2
Authors: Li Yun-Xiao , Yao Zi-Jian , Yu Shun-Li , Li Jian-Xin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We employ the fluctuation-exchange approximation to study the relation of superconducting pairing symmetries and density-wave fluctuations based on the extended triangular Hubbard model upon electron doping and interactions, with an possible application to the layered metal dichalcogenide SnSe2. For the case where the interactions between electrons contain only the on-site Hubbard term, the superconducting pairings are mainly mediated by spin fluctuations, and the spin-singlet pairing with the d-wave symmetry robustly dominates in the low and moderate doping levels, and a d-wave to extended s-wave transition is observed as the electron doping reaches n = 1. When the near-neighbor site Coulomb interactions are also included, the charge fluctuations are enhanced, and the spin-triplet pairings with the p-wave and f-wave symmetries can be realized in the high and low doping levels, respectively.
3D optical measurement techniques
Authors: Engel Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The field of optical 3D metrology is gaining significant interest in the past years. Optical sensors can probe the geometry of workpieces and biological samples very fast, highly accurate and without any tactile physical contact to the object’s surface. In this respect, optical sensors are a pre-requisite for many applications in the big trends like Industrial Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 or Medicine 4.0. The interest for optical 3D metrology is shifting from a metrology for quality assurance in industrial production to “digitize the real world” to facilitate a precise digital representation of an object or an environment for documentation or as input data for virtual applications like digital fab or augmented reality. The aspiration to digitize the world necessitates fast and efficient contact free sensing principles of appropriate accuracy for solid and even soft objects with a variety of colour, surface texture and lighting conditions. This review article tries to give a concise conceptual overview about the evolution of a broad variety of optical measurement principles that evolved and gained some importance in the field of 3D metrology for industrial 3D applications and their related technological enablers.
BDS-3 RDSS two-way time transfer with asymmetric delay compensation model
Authors: Ren Zhiling , Huang Xinming , Gong Hang , Peng Jing , Sun Guangfu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the BeiDou navigation satellite system-3 (BDS-3) radio determination satellite service (RDSS), there exists a natural two-way link between the center station and the user site that can be used to achieve time transfer. Traditionally, RDSS two-way time transfer is realized by analogy with the two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) technique. However, unlike TWSTFT, the signal propagation delays are not completely symmetrical in the RDSS two-way link because of the differences in signal emission time. In this study, a model of two-way time transfer with BDS-3 RDSS is presented. An asymmetric delay compensation method is introduced to solve the asymmetry of RDSS signals and improve the accuracy of two-way time transfer. In addition, BDS-3 RDSS common clock difference experiments are designed to test the performance of two-way time transfer with an asymmetric delay compensation model. Based on analyses of the experimental results, three conclusions can be drawn. First, the accuracy of RDSS two-way time transfer is improved when the asymmetric delay compensation model is applied. Second, BDS-3 RDSS two-way time transfers in different in-station beams and subbands do not show many discrepancies on the whole, and the standard deviation values of the BDS-3 RDSS time transfer results range from 1.7 ns to 2.6 ns for the test signals. Third, the two-way time transfer results are not generally affected by receiver coordinate errors.
Graphene nano-sieves by femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Katsiaounis S , Chourdakis N , Michail E , Fakis M , Polyzos I , Parthenios J , Papagelis K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The formation of nano-pores in graphene crystal structure is alternative way to engineer its electronic properties, chemical reactivity, and surface interactions, enabling applications in technological fields such as sensing, energy and separation. The past few years, nano-perforation of graphene sheets has been accomplished by a variety of different methods suffering mainly from poor scalability and cost efficiency issues. In this work, we introduce an experimental protocol to engineer nanometer scale pores in CVD graphene membranes under ambient conditions, using low power ultra-short laser pulses and overcoming the drawbacks of other perforation techniques. Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) we visualized and quantified the nanopore network while Raman spectroscopy is utilized to correlate the nano-perforated area with the nanotopographic imaging. We suggest that Raman imaging provides the identification of nanoporous area and, in combination with AFM, we provide solid evidence for the reproducibility of the method, since under these experimental conditions, nanopores of a certain size distribution are formed.
Uncertainty-driven determination of target measurement times for indirect tracking validation in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Remy Charlotte , Bouchard Hugo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Hybrid indirect tumor tracking strategies combine continuous monitoring of surrogate signals with episodic radiographic imaging of the target to check and update their models during the treatment. This validation process is traditionally performed at predetermined and fixed-rate time intervals. This study investigates a new validation procedure based on the real-time uncertainty associated with the predicted target positions. Approach. An adaptive version of a Bayesian method for indirect tracking is developed to simulate different validation processes within a single framework: no validation, regular validation and uncertainty-based validation. While regular validation involves measuring targets at fixed intervals, uncertainty-based validation takes advantage of a key Bayesian feature, which is the real-time confidence information associated with predictions. The validation processes are applied to ground truth breathing signals consisting of a lung target and two different surrogates (one internal, one external). Their impact on prediction accuracy is evaluated with root-mean-square error (RMSE) and incidence of large errors. The number of validation measurements triggered is also examined. Main results. When using the internal surrogate and compared to regular validation, uncertainty-based validation results in significantly better prediction accuracy while using fewer validation measurements: RMSE and fraction of large errors are reduced on average by 12% and 26% respectively, with 36% fewer validation measurements. With the external surrogate, whose correlation with the target is less stable over time, more validation measurements are automatically triggered, which leads to a substantial reduction of prediction errors: RMSE and fraction of large errors are reduced on average by 17% and 28% respectively compared to regular validation. It is also observed that depending on the initial instant, regular validation can result in worse prediction accuracy compared to no validation. Significance. Uncertainty-based validation has the potential to be more efficient and effective than a validation process performed at prescheduled and fixed-rate time intervals.
A temporo-spatial description of moving tumor and organs by the probability of presence time proportion: concept and implementation for 4D dose calculation and optimization
Authors: Ren Qing , Niu Tianye 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. The binary definition of the internal target volume (ITV) artificially separates tumor from healthy organs at motion overlapping area for dose evaluation and optimization, bringing confusion about taking partial organs as tumor or adversely. In this work, the probability of presence time (PPT) proportion of a moving anatomic voxel at a geometric voxel is defined to construct a temporo-spatial description of moving objects. The geometric overlapping of tumor and organs in 3D space is distinguished by individual residence time proportion. The dose deposition at a geometric voxel is decomposed into individual dose delivered to tumor and organs for accumulative dose calculation and optimization. Approach. A novel PPT-based plan optimization strategy is proposed to generate an optimized non-uniform dose distribution based on the temporo-spatial relationship between tumor and organs. Main results. Results from a simulation study on phantoms show that the proposed method provides promising performance for surrounding organs at risk (OAR) avoidance with a reduction of mean and maximum dose at a range of 22.6%–23.1% and 23.6%–28.3% compared with ITV-based plans under different geometric conditions, while keeping the clinical target volume dose as prescription. Significance. The PPT definition constructs a unified framework to deal with the 4D temporo-spatial distribution, accumulative dose calculation and optimization of moving tumor and organs. The advantages of the PPT-based dose calculation and optimization approach are demonstrated by simulation study with significant reduction of OARs dose level compared with conventional ITV-based plan.
Plasma shape effects on the Alfvén eigenmode spectrum through Alfvén slow-magnetosonic wave coupling
Authors: Kramer G J , Cheng C Z 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of the plasma shaping (triangularity and elongation) on the continuous spectrum, frequency gaps, and number of eigenmodes is studied. The plasma shaping affects the coupling between Alfvén and slow magnetosonic waves via the geodesic magnetic curvature and the plasma pressure. The Alfvén-slow coupling creates a large number of new gaps in the continuous spectrum below the Alfvén frequency where discrete modes can reside. In ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations a large number (a few hundred or more) of potential eigenmodes are found. The number of eigenmodes is correlated with the maximum geodesic curvature and a minimum number of possible discrete eigenmodes is found at a negative triangularity of −0.3. It is hypothesized that these possible eigenmodes form a low amplitude and dense discrete spectrum, which can be studied experimentally.
Dependence of reverse leakage on the edge termination process in vertical GaN power device
Authors: Xie Tailang , da Silva Cláudia , Szabó Nadine , Mikolajick Thomas , Wachowiak Andre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The trench gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) represents a prominent device architecture among the Gallium Nitride (GaN) based vertical devices currently investigated for the next generation of power electronics. A low leakage current level in off-state under high drain bias is of great importance for vertical transistors since it is a crucial feature for high breakdown voltage and device reliability. The off-state drain leakage originates from different sources in the vertical trench gate MOSFET. Besides the trench gate module, the leakage paths at the dry-etched sidewall of the lateral edge termination can also significantly contribute to the off-state drain-current. In this report, the influence of each relevant process step on the drain leakage current in off-state that is related to the lateral edge termination is investigated utilizing specific test structures on high-quality GaN epitaxial material which mimic the lateral edge termination of the MOSFET. Electrical characterization reveals the sensitivity of the leakage current to plasma-related processes. A termination technology is presented that results in low leakage current while including thick dielectric layers from plasma-assisted deposition as intended for fabrication of a field plate structure over the edge termination.
Magnetization loss and transport current loss in ReBCO racetrack coils carrying stationary current in time-varying magnetic field at 4.2 K
Authors: ter Harmsel Jeroen , Otten Simon , Dhallé Marc , ten Kate Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

ReBCO racetrack coils may be used in high-dynamic superconducting linear motor systems, typically replacing either permanent- or electromagnets in the DC stator. Even so, in order to achieve a significant increase in force density, the superconductor needs to carry a high transport current while simultaneously experiencing the time-varying magnetic field from the copper mover coils. To aid with the design of such devices, a 2D numerical model has been developed that predicts the AC loss under motor-relevant conditions, i.e. under the combined influence of a stationary transport current and an alternating external magnetic field. The main aim of the experiments described in this paper is to validate this model with dedicated AC loss measurements. To this end, we constructed a set-up that simultaneously measures magnetization-, transport current- and overall AC loss. Two identical insulated sub-scale ReBCO racetrack coils were tested at 4.2 K while carrying a stationary transport current of up to 700 A in a sinusoidal, alternating magnetic field up to 1.5 T, applied perpendicular to the broad face of the windings. Just like with metallic superconductors, the transport current significantly increases the AC loss level and lowers the penetration field. The inductive, electric and calorimetric data were found to be consistent with each other, validating the experimental calibration methods involved. Furthermore, the numerical model accurately predicted all AC loss components in the coils without any fitting to the data and can thus reliably be used in the design of superconducting machines.
Entanglement in a qubit-qubit-tardigrade system
Authors: Lee K S , Tan Y P , Nguyen L H , Budoyo R P , Park K H , Hufnagel C , Yap Y S , Møbjerg N , Vedral V , Paterek T , Dumke R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantum and biological systems are seldom discussed together as they seemingly demand opposing conditions. Life is complex, ‘hot and wet’ whereas quantum objects are small, cold and well controlled. Here, we overcome this barrier with a tardigrade—a microscopic multicellular organism known to tolerate extreme physicochemical conditions via a latent state of life known as cryptobiosis. We observe coupling between the animal in cryptobiosis and a superconducting quantum bit and prepare a highly entangled state between this combined system and another qubit. The tomographic data shows entanglement in the qubit-qubit-tardigrade system, with the tardigrade modelled as an ensemble of harmonic oscillators or collection of electric dipoles. The animal is then observed to return to its active form after 420 h at sub 10 mK temperatures and pressures below

6
×

10

−
6

mbar, setting a new record for the conditions that a complex form of life can survive.
Transition of turbulence regime during neutral beam injection on EAST
Authors: Ma Longhao , Xiang Nong , Hu Yemin , Huang Yueheng , Chen Jiale , Zhai Xuemei , Qian Zehua , Gong Xianzu , Ye Kaixuan , Wang Fudi , Jin Yifei , Qian Jinping , Zang Qing , Liu Haiqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent experiments on EAST with neutral beam injection (NBI) and radio frequency (RF) waves (lower hybrid wave (LHW) and electron cyclotron waves) heating, it was observed that an increase in the line-averaged electron density and a decrease in the plasma internal inductance occurred in the duration of NBI. To explain the experimental observation, the simulations are conducted by using the equilibrium code EFIT and the transport codes ONETWO and TGYRO. It is shown that L-H transition is triggered right after neutral beam is injected, leading to the formation of density pedestal, the plasma density gradient in the outer region (0.4 < ρ < 0.75) is thus changed, which leads to an increase in η
i (

η

i

=

L

n

i

/

L

T

i

, where

1

/

L

n

i

=
∣
d

lnn

i

/

dr
∣

and

1

/

L

T

i

=
∣
d
ln

T

i

/

dr
∣

), where ρ is the normalized square root of the toroidal magnetic flux. A transition from a trapped electron modes (TEM) to an ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes dominant turbulence regime then happens due to the increase of η
i in the region (0.4 < ρ < 0.75), which results in an inward particle pinch. As a result of the rise of plasma density, the parallel refractive index and ray trajectories of the LHW are affected and more power is deposited outside ρ > 0.6, which drives more off-axis current and therefore the internal inductance is reduced.