bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of backward walking training on foot posture and balance in flat foot adults
Authors: Saleh Marwa S. , Elimy Doaa A. , Ibrahim Amal H. , Moharam Ashraf N. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionFlat foot changes the posture of the foot and affects dynamic balance. Backward walking is a novelty in rehabilitative clinic; it improves strength and balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backward walking training on foot posture and dynamic balance in flat foot subjects.MethodsOverall, 44 participants with bilateral mobile flat foot, aged 19–35 years, were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups. Group A received backward walking training 3 times/week for 6 weeks, in addition to traditional physical therapy exercises. Group B received traditional physical therapy exercises only, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, foot posture was assessed with the Foot Posture Index and balance was evaluated with the HUMAC Balance System through the Limits of Stability test.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the Foot Posture Index and a significant increase of the Limits of Stability in both groups after treatment compared with the pre-treatment status (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Comparison between the groups after treatment showed a significant decrease in the Foot Posture Index in group A compared with group B (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a significant increase in the Limits of Stability in group A compared with group B (<i>p</i> < 0.001).ConclusionsBackward walking training as an addition to physical therapy exercises of flat foot can improve foot posture and enhance balance in comparison with physical therapy exercises alone.
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FIELD OF FOREST RELATIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONSTITUENT CONTETIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE
Authors: Куплевацкий С.В. , Платонов Е.П. 
Published: May 2022

Затронуты проблемы учета и сохранности земель лесного фонда на примере реализации федерального закона от 29.07.2017 г. № 280-ФЗ, получившего название закон о лесной амнистии. Исследования выполнялись в субъектах Российской Федерации, входящих в Уральский федеральный округ (УрФО). Установлено, что на территории округа имеют место многочисленные участки наложения земель различного назначения. Указанные участки условно можно распределить на три группы. В первую входят участки пересечения (наложения) земель лесного фонда с землями сельскохозяйственного назначения. Во вторую группу вошли участки с наложением на лесной фонд земель промышленности и в третью – с наложением земель населенных пунктов. Практика применения закона о лесной амнистии на участках указанных групп существенно различается. Особую сложность представляют участки лесного фонда, переведенные без согласования с Рослесхозом в земли поселений. Их возврат в лесной фонд связан с необходимостью отмены генеральных планов развития населенных пунктов, что может вызвать социальную напряженность, поскольку на указанных землях нередко уже возведены жилые помещения.
The article is touched upon the problems of accounting and preservation of forest lands on the example of the implementation of the Federal Law of 29.07.2017 № 280-ФЗ called «The Forest Amnesty Law». Studies were carried out in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Ural Federal District (UrFD). It was established that on the territory of the district there are numerous areas of overlapping lands for various perposes. These areas can be conditionally divided into three groups. The fi rst includes the area of intersection (overlapping) of forest fund land with agricultural land. The second group included plots with industrial lands overlapping and the third plots with lands of settlements overlapping. The practice of the law on forest amnesty applying in the areas of these groups differs signifi cantly. Particular diffi culty is represented by forest fund plots transferred without agreement with Rosleskhos to the lands of seltelments. Their return to the forest fund is associated with the need to canceal master plans for the development of Settlements, which can Cause social tensilon, since residential premises are often erected on these lands.
Cambios en la composición y estructura de la vegetación arbórea en un área impactada por la ganadería en el corregimiento de Santa Cecilia, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda
Authors: Luis Javier Luis Javier 
Published: May 2022

Con fin de determinar los cambios en la composición y estructura de la vegetación arbórea en un área impactada (75 ha) por ganadería durante el período 2015-2017, se muestreó y monitoreó todos los individuos de porte arbóreo presente en una parcela de 0,25 ha (50x50 m). Los muestreos realizados, permitieron registrar 199 individuos pertenecientes a 14 familias y 19 especies.Las familias mejor representadas en cuanto a riqueza de especies, fueron: Moraceae con 3, seguida de Malvaceae, Melastomataceae y Urticaceae con dos especies cada una. A nivel de especies, sobresalen por su abundancia Vismia angustifolia (punta de lanza) con 12 individuos, Jacaranda sp. (gualanday o pinguasí) y Lacistema aggregatum (café de monte) con 9 individuos cada una, e Himatanthus articulatus (mamancallo) con 8 individuos. La composición de especies fue similar a lo largo de los muestreos, sin embargo, en el año 2016 se registró la especie Apeiba membranacea y Brosimum utile en el año 2017. El promedio diamétrico de los individuos osciló entre 18 y 19 cm. La dinámica de crecimiento de los árboles muestra, que a pesar de que el bosque no ha alcanzado su madurez, los individuos de las clases más altas, disminuyen su tasa de crecimiento al paso de los años. De otra parte, la mortalidad y reclutamiento varió entre los períodos evaluados. Para el período 2015-2016, no se presentó mortalidad, sin embargo, se reclutaron 10 individuos, para un total de 65 árboles para este período, representando un incremento de 0,363 m2, equivalente al 16% del área basal con respecto al año 2015 (1.897 m2). A pesar de la poca variación en los parámetros estructurales y de composición, las familias y especies aumentan, conforme avanza el estadío sucesional, demostrando la tendencia de recuperación de atributos de diversidad, composición y funcionalidad del ecosistema.
Determinación de cambios en la calidad fisicoquímica del agua por efectos de la minería mecanizada, con especial atención en los períodos de operación y descanso minero en el municipio de Cértegui, Chocó
Authors: Murillo Hinestroza Yirlesa , Vargas Porras Lady 
Published: May 2022

En el intento de establecer los cambios que la minería a cielo abierto en el municipio de Cértegui, Chocó, Colombia, genera sobre las características fisicoquímicas de ecosistemas hídricos intervenidos por esta actividad productiva, se escogieron cinco fuentes hídricas: las quebradas San Antonio, La Platina, Calochiquito, San Antonito y Regadero. En cada fuente hídrica se hicieron mediciones in situ de variables fisicoquímicas (2 estaciones: antes y después del vertimiento minero), tomando registros durante la operación minera y después de la fase de descanso entre 24 a 48 horas. Los resultados permitieron inferir, que el desarrollo de actividades mineras a cielo abierto, genera mayores cambios en las variables sólidos disueltos (2,19 y 23,6 mg/l) y suspendidos (0 y 750 mg/l), conductividad (4,9 y 55,1 µs/cm) y turbiedad (0 y 1000 FAU), que con el desmonte del suelo y el vertimiento directo de los efluentes del proceso a las fuentes hídricas, se genera un arrastre de partículas y material sólido, que modifican estas variables y la calidad fisicoquímica del agua como se evidenció en las estaciones ubicadas después del vertimiento durante los muestreos con operación. En conclusión, los cortos períodos de descanso implementados durante la etapa operativa de la minería favorecen el restable- cimiento de algunas variables fisicoquímicas como los sólidos, la velocidad y algunos nutrientes como fosfatos; no obstante, una vez se genera el disturbio minero se producen grandes afectaciones en las estaciones después del vertimiento, que aun con el cese de la actividad, no muestran un restablecimiento total del ecosistema.
Observation error analysis for the WInd VElocity Radar Nephoscope W-band Doppler conically scanning spaceborne radar via end-to-end simulations
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Martire Paolo , Caubet Eric , Phalippou Laurent , Stesina Fabrizio , Kollias Pavlos , Illingworth Anthony 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The WIVERN (WInd VElocity Radar Nephoscope) mission, now in Phase 0 of the ESA Earth Explorer program, promises to complement Doppler wind lidar by globally observing, for the first time, the vertical profiles of winds in cloudy areas. This work describes an initial assessment of the performances of the WIVERN conically scanning 94 GHz Doppler radar, the only payload of the mission. The analysis is based on an end-to-end simulator characterized by the following novel features tailored to the WIVERN radar: the conically scanning geometry, the inclusion of cross-polarization effects and the simulation of a radiometric mode, the applicability to global cloud model outputs via an orbital model, the incorporation of a mispointing model accounting for thermoelastic distortions, microvibrations, star-tracker uncertainties, etc., and the inclusion of the surface clutter. Some of the simulator capabilities are showcased for a case study involving a full rotational scan of the instrument. Preliminary findings show that mispointing errors associated with the antenna's azimuthal mispointing are expected to be lower than 0.3 m s−1 (and strongly dependent on the antenna's azimuthal scanning angle), wind shear and non-uniform beam-filling errors have generally negligible biases when full antenna revolutions are considered, non-uniform beam filling causes random errors strongly dependent on the antenna azimuthal scanning angle, but typically lower than 1 m s−1, and cross-talk effects are easily predictable so that areas affected by strong cross-talk noise can be flagged. Overall, the quality of the Doppler velocities appears to strongly depend on several factors, such as the strength of the cloud reflectivity, the antenna-pointing direction relative to the satellite motion, the presence of strong reflectivity and/or wind gradients, and the strength of the surface clutter. The end-to-end simulations suggest that total wind errors meet the mission requirements in a good portion of the clouds detected by the WIVERN radar. The simulator will be used for studying tradeoffs for the different WIVERN configurations under consideration during Phase 0 (e.g., different antenna sizes, pulse lengths, and antenna patterns). Thanks to its modular structure, the simulator can be easily adapted to different orbits, different scanning geometries, and different frequencies.
Stable climate simulations using a realistic general circulation model with neural network parameterizations for atmospheric moist physics and radiation processes
Authors: Wang Xin , Han Yilun , Xue Wei , Yang Guangwen , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In climate models, subgrid parameterizations of
convection and clouds are one of the main causes of the biases in
precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulations. In recent years, due
to the rapid development of data science, machine learning (ML)
parameterizations for convection and clouds have been demonstrated to have
the potential to perform better than conventional parameterizations. Most
previous studies were conducted on aqua-planet and idealized models, and the
problems of simulation instability and climate drift still exist. Developing
an ML parameterization scheme remains a challenging task in realistically
configured models. In this paper, a set of residual deep neural networks
(ResDNNs) with a strong nonlinear fitting ability is designed to emulate a
super-parameterization (SP) with different outputs in a hybrid ML–physical
general circulation model (GCM). It can sustain stable simulations for over
10 years under real-world geographical boundary conditions. We explore the
relationship between the accuracy and stability by validating multiple deep
neural network (DNN) and ResDNN sets in prognostic runs. In addition, there
are significant differences in the prognostic results of the stable ResDNN
sets. Therefore, trial and error is used to acquire the optimal ResDNN set
for both high skill and long-term stability, which we name the
neural network (NN) parameterization. In offline validation, the neural network parameterization can
emulate the SP in mid- to high-latitude regions with a high accuracy.
However, its prediction skill over tropical ocean areas still needs
improvement. In the multi-year prognostic test, the hybrid ML–physical GCM
simulates the tropical precipitation well over land and significantly
improves the frequency of the precipitation extremes, which are vastly
underestimated in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5), with a
horizontal resolution of 1.9∘ × 2.5∘.
Furthermore, the hybrid ML–physical GCM simulates the robust signal of the
Madden–Julian oscillation with a more reasonable propagation speed than
CAM5. However, there are still substantial biases with the hybrid
ML–physical GCM in the mean states, including the temperature field in the
tropopause and at high latitudes and the precipitation over tropical oceanic
regions, which are larger than those in CAM5. This study is a pioneer in
achieving multi-year stable climate simulations using a hybrid ML–physical
GCM under actual land–ocean boundary conditions that become sustained over
30 times faster than the target SP. It demonstrates the emerging potential
of using ML parameterizations in climate simulations.
Description and evaluation of the community aerosol dynamics model MAFOR v2.0
Authors: Karl Matthias , Pirjola Liisa , Grönholm Tiia , Kurppa Mona , Anand Srinivasan , Zhang Xiaole , Held Andreas , Sander Rolf , Dal Maso Miikka , Topping David , Jiang Shuai , Kangas Leena , Kukkonen Jaakko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Numerical models are needed for evaluating aerosol processes in
the atmosphere in state-of-the-art chemical transport models,
urban-scale dispersion models, and climatic models.
This article describes a publicly available aerosol dynamics model,
MAFOR (Multicomponent Aerosol FORmation model; version 2.0);
we address the main structure of the model, including the types
of operation and the treatments of the aerosol processes.
The model simultaneously solves the time evolution of both the
particle number and the mass concentrations of aerosol components
in each size section. In this way, the model can also allow for
changes in the average density of particles.
An evaluation of the model is also presented against a
high-resolution observational dataset in a street canyon located
in the centre of Helsinki (Finland) during afternoon traffic
rush hour on 13 December 2010. The experimental data included
measurements at different locations in the street canyon of
ultrafine particles,
black carbon, and fine particulate
mass PM1.
This evaluation has also included an intercomparison with the
corresponding predictions of two other prominent aerosol dynamics
models, AEROFOR and SALSA.
All three models simulated the decrease in the measured
total particle number concentrations fairly well with increasing distance
from the vehicular emission source. The MAFOR model reproduced
the evolution of the observed particle number size distributions
more accurately than the other two models.
The MAFOR model also predicted the variation of the concentration
of PM1 better than the SALSA model.
We also analysed the relative importance of various aerosol
processes based on the predictions of the three models.
As expected, atmospheric dilution dominated over other processes;
dry deposition was the second most significant process.
Numerical sensitivity tests with the MAFOR model revealed that
the uncertainties associated with the properties of the condensing
organic vapours affected only the size range of particles smaller
than 10 nm in diameter.
These uncertainties therefore do not significantly affect the
predictions of the whole of the number size distribution and the
total number concentration. The MAFOR model version 2 is well
documented and versatile to use, providing a range of
alternative parameterizations for various aerosol processes.
The model includes an efficient numerical integration of particle
number and mass concentrations, an operator splitting of processes,
and the use of a fixed sectional method. The model could be used
as a module in various atmospheric and climatic models.
Guidance on evaluating parametric model uncertainty at decision-relevant scales
Authors: Smith Jared D. , Lin Laurence , Quinn Julianne D. , Band Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Spatially distributed hydrological models are commonly employed to optimize the locations of engineering control measures across a watershed. Yet, parameter screening exercises that aim to reduce the dimensionality of the calibration search space are typically completed only for gauged locations, like the watershed outlet, and use screening metrics that are relevant to calibration instead of explicitly describing the engineering decision objectives. Identifying parameters that describe physical processes in ungauged locations that affect decision objectives should lead to a better understanding of control measure effectiveness. This paper provides guidance on evaluating model parameter uncertainty at the spatial scales and flow magnitudes of interest for such decision-making problems. We use global sensitivity analysis to screen parameters for model calibration, and to subsequently evaluate the appropriateness of using multipliers to adjust the values of spatially distributed parameters to further reduce dimensionality. We evaluate six sensitivity metrics, four of which align with decision objectives and two of which consider model residual error that would be considered in spatial optimizations of engineering designs. We compare the resulting parameter selection for the basin outlet and each hillslope. We also compare basin outlet results for four calibration-relevant metrics. These methods were applied to a RHESSys ecohydrological model of an exurban forested watershed near Baltimore, MD, USA. Results show that (1) the set of parameters selected by calibration-relevant metrics does not include parameters that control decision-relevant high and low streamflows, (2) evaluating sensitivity metrics at the basin outlet misses many parameters that control streamflows in hillslopes, and (3) for some multipliers, calibrating all parameters in the set being adjusted may be preferable to using the multiplier if parameter sensitivities are significantly different, while for others, calibrating a subset of the parameters may be preferable if they are not all influential. Thus, we recommend that parameter screening exercises use decision-relevant metrics that are evaluated at the spatial scales appropriate to decision making. While including more parameters in calibration will exacerbate equifinality, the resulting parametric uncertainty should be important to consider in discovering control measures that are robust to it.
A portable NMR platform with arbitrary phase control and temperature compensation
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhao Jianyu , Dreyer Frederik , Krüger Daniel , Anders Jens 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In this paper, we present a custom-designed nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) platform based on a broadband complementary
metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) NMR-on-a-chip transceiver and a synchronous
reference signal generator, which features arbitrary phase control of the
excitation pulse in combination with phase-coherent detection at a non-zero
intermediate frequency (IF). Moreover, the presented direct digital
synthesis (DDS)-based frequency generator enables a digital temperature
compensation scheme similar to classical field locking without the need for
additional hardware. NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry measurements verify
the functionality of the proposed frequency reference and temperature
compensation scheme as well as the overall state-of-the-art performance of
the presented system.
ПРИОРИТЕТНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОТРАСЛЕЙ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Shakeyev S.S. , Nevmatulina K.A. , Шакеев С.С. , Невматулина К.А. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the research: The authors investigated the main directions of development of mineral resources in Kazakhstan, such as oil and gas industries, nuclear power. From the point of view of the development of the country's economic potential, the mineral sector of Kazakhstan is very promising. The development of a competitive mining industry in Kazakhstan contributes to the expansion of the tax base and high revenues to the state budget. Methods of research used: Methods of statistical analysis, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, system analysis and evolutionary approach were used. Research results: based on the analysis of hydrocarbon and nuclear raw materials reserves, the authors identified the main factors for the sustainable development of these raw materials industries, proposed directions for their sustainable development, and also outlined measures for their state incentives. Conclusions of the study: the main task of the state is to create conditions for the development of the industry, attracting investments and building the appropriate infrastructure, which will contribute to the maximum use of the competitive advantages of the industry. Due to the intensive development of production and export of raw materials, the national economy in recent years has managed to achieve high rates of economic growth, strengthen investment potential, and subsequently take the lead in the world arena.
Цель исследования: Авторами исследованы основные направления развития минерально-сырьевых ресурсов Казахстана, таких как нефтяная и газовая отрасли, ядерная энергетика. С точки зрения развития экономического потенциала страны, минерально-сырьевой сектор Казахстана является весьма перспективным. Развитие конкурентоспособной добывающей промышленности Казахстана способствует расширению налогооблагаемой базы и высоким поступлениям в государственный бюджет. Использованные методы исследования: Использованы методы статистического анализа, анализа и синтеза, сравнительный анализ, системный анализ и эволюционный подход. Результаты исследования: на основе проведенного анализа запасов углеводородного и ядерного сырья авторами обозначены основные факторы устойчивого развития этих сырьевых отраслей, предложены направления их устойчивого развития, а также обозначены меры их государственного стимулирования. Выводы исследования: основной задачей государства является создание условий для развития отрасли, привлечения инвестиций и строительства соответствующей инфраструктуры, что будет способствовать максимальному использованию конкурентных преимуществ отрасли. За счет интенсивного развития производства и экспорта сырьевых ресурсов национальная экономика в последние годы сумела достичь высоких темпов экономического роста, укрепить инвестиционный потенциал, а в последующем выйти в лидирующие позиции на мировой арене.