bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KETASER01 protocol: What went right and what went wrong
Authors: Rosati Anna , L’Erario Manuela , Bianchi Roberto , Olivotto Sara , Battaglia Domenica Immacolata , Darra Francesca , Biban Paolo , Biggeri Annibale , Catelan Dolores , Danieli Giacomo , Mondardini Maria Cristina , Cordelli Duccio Maria , Amigoni Angela , Cesaroni Elisabetta , Conio Alessandra , Costa Paola , Lombardini Martina , Meleleo Rosanna , Pugi Alessandra , Tornaboni Elena Eve , Santarone Marta Elena , Vittorini Roberta , Sartori Stefano , Marini Carla , Vigevano Federico , Mastrangelo Massimo , Pulitanò Silvia Maria , Izzo Francesca , Fusco Lucia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss the results of the KETASER01 trial and the reasons for its failure, particularly in view of future studies.MethodsKETASER01 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open‐label, sequentially designed, non‐profit Italian study that aimed to assess the efficacy of ketamine compared with conventional anesthetics in the treatment of refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RCSE) in children.ResultsDuring the 5‐year recruitment phase, a total of 76 RCSEs treated with third‐line therapy were observed in five of the 10 participating Centers; only 10 individuals (five for each study arm; five females, mean age 6.5 ± 6.3 years) were enrolled in the KETASER01 study. Two of the five patients (40%) in the experimental arm were successfully treated with ketamine and two of the five (40%) children in the control arm, where successfully treated with thiopental. In the remaining six (60%) enrolled patients, RCSE was not controlled by the randomized anesthetic(s).SignificanceThe KETASER01 study was prematurely halted due to low eligibility of patients and no successful recruitment. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the objectives of the study. Here, we discuss the KETASER01 results and critically analyze the reasons for its failure in view of future trials.
Experimental research on seismic response of split‐type prefabricated utility tunnels through shaking table tests
Authors: Li Zheng , Luo Qingyu , Zhou Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the advantages of prefabricated structure, its applications in utility tunnels are increasing. However, more connection joints have raised concerns about the vulnerability of prefabricated utility tunnels in earthquake disasters. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the seismic response, vulnerable parts and failure modes of a prefabricated utility tunnel. A pair of twin models of prefabricated utility tunnels with two‐compartment layouts were designed, and then set up to load ground motions synchronously through a large‐scale shaking table of 6 m × 6 m under two different boundary conditions: one buried inside a soil box and its twin laid outside the soil as a comparison. The results show that: the damage of the split‐type prefabricated utility tunnel is mainly concentrated in the connection joints, and the connection joint at the top corner of the compartment with larger cross section is the vulnerable part that needs special attention; the SSI effect has a great influence on the seismic response of the prefabricated utility tunnel, and the model buried inside the soil box shows stronger seismic response than its twin laid outside the soil. The experimental results and analysis in this paper can provide a helpful reference for risk assessment and prevention, seismic design, and structural optimization of prefabricated utility tunnels.
Keeping up with the COVID's—Could siRNA‐based antivirals be a part of the answer?
Authors: Forgham Helen , Kakinen Aleksandr , Qiao Ruirui , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This deadly infection has resulted in more than 5.2 million deaths worldwide. The global rollout of COVID‐19 vaccines has without doubt saved countless lives by reducing the severity of symptoms for patients. However, as the virus continues to evolve, there is a risk that the vaccines and antiviral designed to target the infection will no longer be therapeutically viable. Furthermore, there remain fears over both the short and long‐term side effects of repeat exposure to currently available vaccines. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of the vaccine rollout and promote the idea of a COVID medicinal toolbox made up of different antiviral treatment modalities, and present some of the latest therapeutic strategies that are being explored in this respect to try to combat the COVID‐19 virus and other COVID viruses that are predicted to follow. Lastly, we review current literature on the use of siRNA therapeutics as a way to remain adaptable and in tune with the ever‐evolving mutation rate of the COVID‐19 virus.
“Drugs and alcohol get talked about, why not betting?” Young men's qualitative insights about strategies to prevent gambling harm
Authors: Nyemcsok Christian , Pitt Hannah , Kremer Peter , Thomas Samantha L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssues addressedResearch is needed to understand young people's perspectives about public health promotion strategies relevant for their health and wellbeing. This study provides suggestions from young male gamblers about sports betting harm prevention and reduction strategies.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 young men aged 18 to 24 years, from Melbourne, Victoria, who regularly engaged in sports betting. A critical qualitative inquiry approach, using methods of constructivist grounded theory guided the study. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret and construct themes from the data.ResultsParticipants indicated three main harm prevention strategies. These were online consumer protection and regulatory strategies, public education campaigns that highlighted sports betting risks and harms and the creation of formal and informal support networks to reduce stigma and encourage help seeking. They also supported being engaged in the development of harm prevention strategies and suggested ways to help reduce barriers to engagement.ConclusionYoung men recognise the need for regulatory, education and engagement responses to counter the risks posed by new gambling products. Young men may be difficult to engage in formal prevention activities, however, youth‐led and informal interactive mechanisms may help to overcome this barrier, and contribute to a comprehensive public health approach to gambling harm prevention.So what?Young men can draw upon their lived experiences of gambling to provide insights relevant for public health promotion. Mechanisms should be developed to engage young people in the co‐production of strategies and policies aimed at gambling harm prevention and reduction.
Observations on the cytomorphology and ultrastructure of the peripheral blood cells of native cattle (Zobawng) of Mizoram, India
Authors: Sarkar Rupan , Kalita Arup , Choudhary Om Prakash , Kalita Pranab Chandra , Doley Probal Jyoti , Debroy Swarup 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to characterize the cytomorphology and ultrastructure of blood cells of native cattle of Mizoram. Twelve numbers of blood samples (10 ml) were collected from the Zobawng cattle, irrespective of sex. Blood smears were prepared and stained with different stains for cytomorphological study. The standard protocol has been followed for preparing blood samples for electron microscopy. Under a light microscope, erythrocytes of cattle were non‐nucleated and round. The neutrophils were round, and the cytoplasm contained cytoplasmic granules. The eosinophils were rounded in outline with distinct cytoplasmic granules. The presence of basophils was infrequent with distinct blue color cytoplasmic granules. Small, medium, and large types of lymphocytes were recorded. The monocytes were round to oval in outline. Platelets were irregular to round. The reticulocytes were recorded occasionally, like small blue thin rods or granules. The cytoplasm and nucleus of granulocytes fluoresced greenish‐yellow and red, respectively, with supravital stain. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the erythrocytes appeared as biconcave discs. Different leukocytes were observed with their finger‐like, plate‐like, and narrow cell processes on their surface. Platelets were irregular structures. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the erythrocytes appeared anucleated biconcave elongated, neutrophils were roughly rounded with small cytoplasmic processes, and eosinophils were roughly circular with small cytoplasmic processes, the basophils were roughly circular with oval to elongated cytoplasmic granules, lymphocytes were roughly circular with centrally placed well‐marked oval indented nucleus and some cytoplasmic processes, monocytes appeared spherical with long thick cytoplasmic processes and the non‐nucleated platelets appeared roughly round to elongated.Research HighlightsBlood tests are a very good tool for determining animal health and diagnosing hematological illnesses.This study showed the cytomorphological and ultrastructural features of the blood cells of native cattle (Zobawng) of Mizoram state of India.The cytomorphological studies revealed that the morphological features of the blood cells of Zobawng cattle resembled to other domestic and wild animals, however, there were some differences in the cellular components.Nuclear DNA appeared orthochromatically greenish‐yellow, but cytoplasmic RNA was observed to be metachromatically red under the fluorescence microscope.scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) results revealed that the ultrastructural features of the blood cells of Zobawng cattle contain certain cellular morphological differences as compared to the other domestic and wild animals.
First description of the Burmeister porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) electrocardiogram
Authors: Dassis Mariela , De León Carolina , Díaz Alejandro , Faiella Adrian , Olguin Javier , Saubidet Alejandro , Rodríguez Diego H. , Castro Eduardo F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to make the first characterization of the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the Burmeister porpoise (Phocoena sipinipinnis). A total of three ECGs were made in one, wild juvenile female (body weight = 32.5 kg, Lt = 1.45 m), temporarily held in captivity for rehabilitation at Mar del Plata Aquarium (Argentina). For ECG recordings, the animal was removed from its pool on a stretcher under constant veterinary supervision. A traditional six‐lead system in the frontal plane was used, with the typical four “extremities” electrodes positioned bilaterally. ECGs were readable and all waves were detectable. The QRS complexes were characterized by Q wave absence in all leads. The ECG characteristically displayed distinctly defined STs, with a T wave clearly differentiated from the QRS complex. An STs elevation was detected in leads II and III. The mean electrical axis was −79°, meaning a cranial left axis orientation. The animal showed normal sinus rhythm and heart rate (HR) showed a continuous oscillation between tachycardia and bradycardia. Mean HR from all recordings was 147.02 ± 24.95 bpm (range = 71–176, n = 178). Evidence of the occurrence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia was detected through HR variations and RR interval differences, which suggested an adequate cardiovascular system compensation to handling conditions. This study has reported ECG amplitude and duration measurements of a potentially healthy specimen, which represents the starting point for the determination of normal ECG values for this species. Also, it has confirmed that ECG is a valuable noninvasive tool for rapid cardiac health assessment in small cetaceans.
A cross‐sectional natural history study of aspartylglucosaminuria
Authors: Goodspeed Kimberly , Horton Daniel , Lowden Andrea , Sguigna Peter V. , Booth Timothy , Wang Zhiyue J. , Edgar Veronica Bordes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that causes stagnation of development in adolescence and neurodegeneration in early adulthood. Precision therapies, including gene transfer therapy, are in development with a goal of taking advantage of the slow clinical course. Understanding of disease natural history and identification of disease‐relevant biomarkers are important steps in clinical trial readiness. We describe the clinical features of a diverse population of patients with AGU, including potential imaging and electrophysiological biomarkers. This is a single‐center, cross‐sectional study of the clinical, neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and imaging characteristics of AGU. A comprehensive assessment of eight participants (5 Non‐Finnish) revealed a mean non‐verbal IQ (NVIQ) of 70.25 ± 10.33 which decreased with age (rs = −0.85, p = 0.008). All participants demonstrated deficits in communication and gross/fine motor dysfunction. Auditory and visual evoked potentials demonstrated abnormalities in one or both modalities in 7 of 8 subjects, suggesting sensory pathway dysfunction. Brain imaging demonstrated T2 FLAIR hypointensity in the pulvinar nuclei and cerebral atrophy, as previously shown in the Finnish AGU population. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed a 5.1 ppm peak corresponding to the toxic substrate (GlcNAc‐Asn), which accumulates in AGU. Our results showed there was no significant difference between Finnish and Non‐Finnish patients, and performance on standardized cognitive and motor testing was similar to prior studies. Age‐related changes on functional assessments and disease‐relevant abnormalities on surrogate biomarkers, such as MRS, could be used as outcome measures in a clinical trial.
Estimating interactions and subgroup‐specific treatment effects in meta‐analysis without aggregation bias: A within‐trial framework
Authors: Godolphin Peter J. , White Ian R. , Tierney Jayne F. , Fisher David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstimation of within‐trial interactions in meta‐analysis is crucial for reliable assessment of how treatment effects vary across participant subgroups. However, current methods have various limitations. Patients, clinicians and policy‐makers need reliable estimates of treatment effects within specific covariate subgroups, on relative and absolute scales, in order to target treatments appropriately—which estimation of an interaction effect does not in itself provide. Also, the focus has been on covariates with only two subgroups, and may exclude relevant data if only a single subgroup is reported. Therefore, in this article we further develop the “within‐trial” framework by providing practical methods to (1) estimate within‐trial interactions across two or more subgroups; (2) estimate subgroup‐specific (“floating”) treatment effects that are compatible with the within‐trial interactions and make maximum use of available data; and (3) clearly present this data using novel implementation of forest plots. We described the steps involved and apply the methods to two examples taken from previously published meta‐analyses, and demonstrate a straightforward implementation in Stata based upon existing code for multivariate meta‐analysis. We discuss how the within‐trial framework and plots can be utilised with aggregate (or “published”) source data, as well as with individual participant data, to effectively demonstrate how treatment effects differ across participant subgroups.
Response surface methodology as a tool to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant sources
Authors: Weremfo Alexander , Abassah‐Oppong Samuel , Adulley Felix , Dabie Kwabena , Seidu‐Larry Salifu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used mathematical and statistical technique for modeling and optimizing the process for the extraction of bioactive compounds. This review explains the optimization approach through the use of experimental design and empirical models for response prediction and the utilization of the desirability function for multiple response optimization. This paper also reviews recent studies on the application of RSM to optimize bioactive compound extraction processes such as conventional solvent extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction. Finally, the challenges associated with the use of RSM and the efforts made to improve RSM in the extraction process are also highlighted. Overall, this review informs many aspects of RSM that are occasionally ignored or insufficiently discussed with regard to the optimization of bioactive compound extraction processes, and it summarizes significant applications where RSM proved suitable. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is indispensable during complete endoscopic radical resection of thyroid cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Fei Yang , Li Yang , Chen Feng , Tian Wen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveComplete endoscopic radical resection of thyroid cancer, especially through the areolar approach, can achieve curative and acceptable cosmetic effects in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, some inherent characteristics of endoscopic procedures hamper functional protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is considered the most important accessory to protect the nerves during conventional radical thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and necessity of IONM during complete endoscopic radical resection of thyroid cancer.MethodsA total of 106 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in the study between February 2013 and April 2018. Based on the use of the IONM technique, all patients were divided into the IONM (n = 54) and non‐IONM groups (n = 52). Overall, 66 RLNs were involved in the IONM group, and 61 RLNs were involved in the non‐IONM group. The time and ratio of RLN identification and the number of transient and permanent RLN injuries between both groups were compared.ResultsCompared to the non‐IONM group, the IONM group required less time for RLN identification (3.05 ± 1.58 vs. 9.36 ± 4.82 min, p < .01). The ratio of RLN identification in the IONM group was much higher than that in the non‐IONM group (100.00% vs. 88.52%, p = .01). A significant difference was observed in RLN transient injury between the two groups (one case accounting for 1.51% in the IONM group vs. eight cases accounting for 13.11% in the non‐IONM group; p = .03).ConclusionIONM significantly improved RLN identification and reduced transient RLN injuries during complete endoscopic radical resection.Level of Evidence3b.
Dynamics and morphology of self‐assembly behavior of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles: a dissipative particle dynamics simulation study
Authors: Song Wen‐Yuan , Lu Hui , He Jing‐Wen , Zhu Zi‐Jie , He Si‐Yi , Liu De‐Huan , Liu Hong , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe self‐assembly of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles is increasingly applied in the field of functional materials. However, the corresponding relationship between the intrinsic dynamic transition path and microstructure is still not clear enough, which will lead to an inability to achieve further precise regulation and directional design in experiments and industrial production. In this study, by constructing a coarse‐grained model of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles, the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method is used to study the effects of the following three factors on the self‐assembly behavior and structure of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles: solvophobic polymer chain length, solvophilic–solvophobic chain ratio and solvent selectivity. The simulation results show that with an increase of the chain length of the solvophobic chain, the self‐assembled morphological structure presents a process of changing from an onion‐like vesicle structure to a unilamellar vesicle structure; the morphology gradually changes from a higher‐order morphology to a lower‐order morphology with an increase of the ratio of solvophilic to solvophobic chains. In addition, solvent selectivity can also tune the aggregated morphology of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles. When the compatibility of the solvent with solvophobic polymers and solvophilic polymers is quite different, polymer‐grafted nanoparticles tend to form unilamellar vesicles; when the compatibility of the solvent with solvophobic polymer and solvophilic polymer is close, the polymer‐grafted nanoparticles tend to form a multilamellar micelle structure. The use of coarse‐grained DPD simulations to study the effect of various factors on the self‐assembly behavior of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles can achieve precise regulation of specific polymer structures, thereby providing reliable theoretical guidance for laboratory and industrial production of polymer nanocomposites with fewer defects and better performance. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Fusion of two unrelated protein domains in a chimera protein and its 3D prediction: Justification of the x‐ray reference structures as a prediction benchmark
Authors: Vymětal Jiří , Mertová Kateřina , Boušová Kristýna , Šulc Josef , Tripsianes Konstantinos , Vondrasek Jiri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProteins are naturally formed by domains edging their functional and structural properties. A domain out of the context of an entire protein can retain its structure and to some extent also function on its own. These properties rationalize construction of artificial fusion multidomain proteins with unique combination of various functions. Information on the specific functional and structural characteristics of individual domains in the context of new artificial fusion proteins is inevitably encoded in sequential order of composing domains defining their mutual spatial positions. So the challenges in designing new proteins with new domain combinations lie dominantly in structure/function prediction and its context dependency. Despite the enormous body of publications on artificial fusion proteins, the task of their structure/function prediction is complex and nontrivial. The degree of spatial freedom facilitated by a linker between domains and their mutual orientation driven by noncovalent interactions is beyond a simple and straightforward methodology to predict their structure with reasonable accuracy. In the presented manuscript, we tested methodology using available modeling tools and computational methods. We show that the process and methodology of such prediction are not straightforward and must be done with care even when recently introduced AlphaFold II is used. We also addressed a question of benchmarking standards for prediction of multidomain protein structures—x‐ray or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments. On the study of six two‐domain protein chimeras as well as their composing domains and their x‐ray structures selected from PDB, we conclude that the major obstacle for justified prediction is inappropriate sampling of the conformational space by the explored methods. On the other hands, we can still address particular steps of the methodology and improve the process of chimera proteins prediction.