bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates in biologic therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Xu Xinni , Reitsma Sietze , Wang De Yun , Fokkens Wytske J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) associated with type 2 inflammation and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD) can be difficult to control with standard medical therapy and sinus surgery. In this group, biologicals are potentially promising treatment options. The phase III clinical trials for omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab and benralizumab in CRSwNP have demonstrated favourable outcomes. Moving forward, direct comparisons among biologicals, refining patient selection criteria for specific biologicals, determining optimal treatment duration and monitoring long‐term outcomes are areas of emerging interest. This review summarizes the clinical evidence from the recent 2 years on the role of biologicals in severe CRSwNP and N‐ERD, and proposes an approach towards decision‐making in their use.
Assessing approaches to learning with nonparametric multidimensional scaling
Authors: Knezek Gerald , Gibson David , Christensen Rhonda , Trevisan Ottavia , Carter Morgan 
Published: September 2022

This article reports on a trace‐based assessment of approaches to learning used by middle school aged children who interacted with NASA Mars Mission science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) games in Whyville, an online game environment with 8 million registered young learners. The learning objectives of two games included awareness and knowledge of NASA missions, developing knowledge and skills of measurement and scaling, applying measurement for planetary comparisons in the solar system. Trace data from 1361 interactions were analysed with nonparametric multidimensional scaling methods, which permitted visual examination and statistical validation, and provided an example and proof of concept for the multidimensional scaling approach to analysis of time‐based behavioural data from a game or simulation. Differences in approach to learning were found illustrating the potential value of the methodology to curriculum and game‐based learning designers as well as other creators of online STEM content for pre‐college youth. The theoretical framework of the method and analysis makes use of the Epistemic Network Analysis toolkit as a post hoc data exploration platform, and the discussion centres on issues of semantic interpretation of interaction end‐states and the application of evidence centred design in post hoc analysis.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Educational game play has been demonstrated to positively affect learning performance and learning persistence.
Trace‐based assessment from digital learning environments can focus on learning outcomes and processes drawn from user behaviour and contextual data.
Existing approaches used in learning analytics do not (fully) meet criteria commonly used in psychometrics or for different forms of validity in assessment, even though some consider learning analytics a form of assessment in the broadest sense.
Frameworks of knowledge representation in trace‐based research often include concepts from cognitive psychology, education and cognitive science.
What this paper adds

To assess skills‐in‐action, stronger connections of learning analytics with educational measurement can include parametric and nonparametric statistics integrated with theory‐driven modelling and semantic network analysis approaches widening the basis for inferences, validity, meaning and understanding from digital traces.
An expanded methodological foundation is offered for analysis in which nonparametric multidimensional scaling, multimodal analysis, epistemic network analysis and evidence‐centred design are combined.
Implications for practice and policy

The new foundations are suggested as a principled, theory‐driven, embedded data collection and analysis framework that provides structure for reverse engineering of semantics as well as pre‐planning frameworks that support creative freedom in the processes of creation of digital learning environments.
Cross‐valence inhibition in forming and retrieving ambivalent attitudes
Authors: Primoceri Pierpaolo , Ullrich Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany things in life are ambivalent, and it might sometimes be useful or necessary to ignore their positive attributes when judging their negative attributes and vice versa. Cross‐valence inhibition may complicate this task, leading people to underestimate the positive and negative attributes of ambivalent stimuli. In three studies (total N = 155), participants learned to associate combined evaluative information (gains and losses) with attributes of unfamiliar objects (size and colour of Chernoff faces). Participants then estimated (Studies 1–3) or experienced and recalled (Study 3) the gains and losses associated with novel ambivalent attribute combinations. As predicted, both in estimation and recall, participants rated gains (losses) to be lower, the higher the losses (gains) associated with the stimulus. The effect occurred only when the two attributes were evaluatively conflicting (Study 2). Cross‐valence inhibition might lead to maladaptive behaviour when positive and negative attributes are in fact separable in hedonic experience.
Intensified inequities: Young people's experiences of Covid‐19 and school closures in Uganda
Authors: Datzberger Simone , Parkes Jenny , Bhatia Amiya , Nagawa Rehema , Kasidi Joan Ritar , Musenze Brian Junior , Naker Dipak , Devries Karen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUganda had the longest period of school closures worldwide as a response measure during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on longitudinal qualitative data from the Contexts of Violence in Adolescence Cohort Study (CoVAC) (2018–2023), we examine how this has affected the lives of adolescents in Uganda. Our analysis showcases how intersecting inequities based on socioeconomic circumstances, gender and location have intensified, with detrimental effects on young people's educational paths and life circumstances. Strategies that take the intersections of these inequities into account are urgently needed to help the most disadvantaged and marginalized young people return to school.
A comparison of microbiota in the ladybird Harmonia axyridis between native and invaded ranges
Authors: Li Hongran , Shu Xiaohan , Zhou Jincheng , Meng Ling , Zhou Xuguo , Obrycki John J. , Li Baoping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a biocontrol agent of aphids and coccids, the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was introduced from its native Asian range into North America. There, it has spread quickly and widely, potentially contributing to the decline of endemic ladybirds. This study examined microbial communities residing in H. axyridis in its native and introduced or invaded regions. We collected ladybirds at 11 localities across mainland China (native range) and at seven localities across the USA (invaded range) and applied next‐generation amplicon sequencing to examine microbial communities. We found that the diversity of the microbial community of H. axyridis in the invaded range declined compared to the native range. The microbial community differed markedly in composition between native and invaded ranges. Among all identified 22047 amplicon sequence variants, only 4.2% were shared by the two ranges, whereas 4967 were unique to the invaded and 16159 to the native range. Our findings suggest that the composition of the microbial community of H. axyridis is largely restructured in the invaded North American region compared to the native Asian region.
Insect‐plant‐fungus interactions in mycorrhizal associations, with a focus on spittlebugs and ectomycorrhizal host plants
Authors: Thompson Vinton 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMycorrhizal plants mediate interactions between their root‐associated fungal symbionts and insect herbivores. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations tend to boost phloem sap sucking insects and host specialist chewing insects but depress host generalist chewing insects. In turn, insect herbivores have only small negative effects on the abundance of AM fungi. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations, less studied, have no consistent effect on phloem sap‐sucking or chewing insects, but their insect herbivores have strong negative effects on EM fungal abundance.Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) feed on xylem sap and are disproportionately associated with EM plants, probably because many EM fungi are especially well equipped to access nitrogen (N) from complex soil organic matter. Assimilated N is transported in host plant xylem sap as amino acids, the primary food source for xylem‐feeding insects.Although EM plants account for only 2% of all vascular plants, about 19% of spittlebugs have EM primary hosts. This compares to 9% of hosts that are rhizobial or actinorhizal N‐fixing plants, alternative modes of root‐associated N acquisition that also attract spittlebugs.Notable spittlebug EM host plants includePinusandAbies(Pinaceae),Quercus,AlnusandBetula(Fagales),Salix(Salicaceae),Eucalyptus(Myrtaceae) and the gymnospermGnetum(Gnetales).Some EM plants, including severalPinusspecies, host spittlebug pests and some play an important role in the ecology of spittlebug vectors of the bacterial plant pathogenXylella fastidiosa.The fossil record and dated molecular phylogenies suggest that spittlebugs initially evolved in parallel with EM Pinaceae.
Hydromechanical coupling model for mechanical and hydraulic behavior of fractured rock mass in the framework of advanced general particle dynamics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Fan Xiaowei , Du Erbao , Bi Jing , Berto Filippo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, hydromechanical coupling model is proposed to study the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of fractured rock mass in the framework of advanced general particle dynamics (GPD), and the relationship between stress and seepage is determined. Then, the proposed model is employed to investigate one‐dimensional seepage, and the numerical seepage field is in a good agreement with the analytical solution, implying the feasibility and accuracy of advanced GPD method. Finally, the proposed model is applied to analyze the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of surrounding rock mass around excavated tunnel under hydromechanical coupling conditions, and the numerical results obtained by the proposed model are in a good agreement with those obtained by PFC, which further verifies the correctness of the proposed model.
Evaluating the effect of management on patients with oral hypofunction: A longitudinal study
Authors: Onuki Wakana , Magara Jin , Ito Kayoko , Ita Reiko , Kawada Satomi , Tsutsui Yuhei , Nakajima Yuta , Sakai Haruka , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDeclining oral function may affect subsequent physical frailty in the older population. The aim of this longitudinal study was to summarise data on patients who underwent functional oral examination and evaluate the impact of management on patients with oral hypofunction (OHF).MethodsDental outpatients aged over 65 years at their initial visit to the Niigata University Hospital received detailed assessment of seven oral function items to diagnose oral hypofunction using diagnostic criteria defined by the Japanese Society of Gerodontology. Patients with OHF at the first assessment received management including oral health guidance for low function and dental treatment. They were re‐evaluated approximately 6 months later and the two assessments were compared. According to the results of the second assessment, the patients were divided into two groups: OHF improved and OHF re‐diagnosed.ResultsOf the 273 patients who underwent the first assessment, 86 (31.5%) were diagnosed with OHF and received management. Of those, 42 (48.8%) completed the second assessment. Comparing the first and second assessment, significant improvement was observed in oral hygiene, occlusal force, tongue–lip motor function of /pa/, mastication and swallowing. The change in values from the first assessment demonstrated a significant difference between the OHF improved and re‐diagnosed groups only in occlusal force.ConclusionManagement for patients with OHF can contribute to the improvement of poor oral function, and an increase in occlusal force was notable in the recovery from OHF.
Factors related to a college student's career optimism and their perception of career services
Authors: Thompson Dorothy A. , Dent Heidi L. , Fine Monica B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA student's expectation for a positive outcome for their future career development is referred to as career optimism. Career Services, a common university department, utilizes the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to understand how students form career interests and make educational and vocational choices. Then Career Services can assist students in finding a career that matches their interests. We hypothesize that students' perception of the assistance provided by the Career Services department when the SCCT is applied, impacts the student's career optimism. In addition, we hypothesize, and results support, that different factors, such as a student's chosen major, impact student perception of Career Services and career optimism.
Anti‐tumour potential of PD‐L1/PD‐1 post‐translational modifications
Authors: Zhou Shimeng , Zhu Jinfeng , Xu Jingwei , Gu Bingzi , Zhao Qiao , Luo Congzhou , Gao Zhoufeng , Chin Y. Eugene , Cheng Xiaju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe immune checkpoint programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) are biologically important immunosuppressive molecules, and the PD‐L1/PD‐1‐mediated signalling pathway is currently considered one of the main mechanisms of tumour escape immune surveillance. PD‐L1 is highly expressed on the cytomembrane of tumour cell and binds to PD‐1 receptor of activated T cells. This interaction activates PD‐L1/PD‐1 downstream signal transduction, inhibiting T cells anti‐tumour activity. Therefore, inhibitors of PD‐L1/PD‐1 activation, showing significant efficacy in some types of tumours, have been widely approved in clinical tumour therapy. Recent research on PD‐L1/PD‐1 signalling pathway regulation has shown post‐translational modifications (PTMs) form of PD‐L1 or PD‐1, including glycosylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation, which may play an important role in PD‐L1/PD‐1 signalling pathway regulation and anti‐tumour function of T cells. In this review, we focused on PTMs of PD‐L1/PD‐1 research and potential applications in tumour immunotherapy.
The evaluation of an automated mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test compared to RT‐qPCR SARS‐CoV‐2 assay and comparison of its sensitivity in Delta‐ and Omicron‐variant samples
Authors: Krutova Marcela , Brajerova Marie , Kepka Zdenek , Briksi Ales , Hubacek Petr , Drevinek Pavel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid diagnostics tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen vary in their sensitivities, and moreover, genomic mutations may further affect the performance of the assays. We aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of an automated antigen assay and compare its sensitivity in Delta‐ and Omicron‐variant positive clinical samples.Material and methodsThe analytical performance of an automated mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test was evaluated on a population of community‐dwelling subjects with mild respiratory symptoms or being asymptomatic investigated by the RT‐qPCR Allplex™ SARS‐CoV‐2 assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were evaluated on prospective 621 nasopharyngeal swabs along with oropharyngeal swabs. The sensitivity regarding variants determined by the Allplex™ SARS‐CoV‐2 Variant assays was analysed in additional, retrospective 158 Delta and 59 Omicron samples.ResultsThe overall sensitivity of the antigen test in prospective samples was 77.9% (113/145; 95% confidence interval [CI] 70.3–84.4) with the specificity of 99.8% (95% CI 98.8–100). Regarding the variant, the sensitivity was higher in Omicron‐variant samples, 93.2% (55/59; 95% CI 83.5–98.1), compared to Delta‐variant samples, 71.5% (113/158; 95% CI 63.8–78.4; p = .001).ConclusionIn community‐dwelling subjects with mild respiratory symptoms or being asymptomatic, the automated mariPOC SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test showed high sensitivity over 98.0% in subgroup samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values < 25. Regarding the variant, the antigen test sensitivity was higher in the Omicron‐variant samples compared to the Delta‐variant samples. The analytical performance of the antigen test can differ between the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, and a re‐evaluation should be performed for new circulating lineages.
Simultaneous enhancement of emission and thermal sensitivity via phase transition in Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ crystals
Authors: Li Dongyu , Xu Weijiang , Huang Zhen , Jin Xiao , Xu Bing , Zhang Zhenghe , Zhang Tingting , Wang Deng , Liu Xuping , Suo Hao , Li Qinghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of site symmetric distortion induced by the phase transition on up‐conversion emission and thermal sensing performance of Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ (GMO) crystals were elaborately studied by minimizing interference from many factors. Monoclinic GMO showed a much stronger fluorescence intensity and larger fluorescence intensity ratio under the irradiation of 980 nm laser in comparison to the orthorhombic counterpart. These remarkable up‐conversion properties stemmed from the low site symmetry with large site symmetric distortion in monoclinic GMO. Moreover, the thermal sensing property of the samples was assessed based on the fluorescence intensity ratio technique, where monoclinic GMO exhibited much higher maximum absolute sensitivity (Sa = 0.0257 K−1 at 510 K) due to the site symmetric distortion, which was further explained by the Judd–Ofelt theory and polarizability of the chemical bond volume model. Results opened an efficient avenue for achieving highly sensitive thermometry in many daily scenarios via finely tailoring the local site symmetry.
Excellent energy‐storage property and thermal stability of PLZT‐based antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhou Yongxin , Xia Jiake , Chen Xuefeng , Wang Genshui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract(Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3antiferroelectric (AFE) materials are promising materials due to their energy‐storage density higher than 10 J cm−3, but their low energy‐storage efficiency and poor temperature stability limit their application. In this paper, the (1 − x)(Pb0.9175La0.055)(Zr0.975Ti0.025)O3–xPb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3(PLZTYN100x) AFE ceramics were prepared via two‐step sintering method and investigated thoroughly. With the doping of Yb3+and Nb5+, the phase structure transforms from the orthorhombic phase (AFEO) to the coexistence of the orthorhombic‐and‐tetragonal phases. This structure reduces the free energy difference between the AFE and ferroelectric phases and reduces the fluctuation of energy with temperature, improving the energy storage efficiency and temperature stability. When thex = 0.05 (PLZTYN5), the AFE ceramic exhibits excellent temperature stability and ultrahigh energy storage performance, whose recoverable energy density (Wrec) is 6.8–8.2 J cm−3at 30 kV mm−1in the temperature range from −55 to 75°C, and efficiency (ƞ) is 78%–86.7%. In addition, the change ofWrecis less than 15%, exceeding the performance of most AFE ceramics. The results demonstrate that the PLZTYN5 ceramic has great potential in pulse power capacitors.
Mg3B2O6 microwave dielectric ceramics fabricated by combining cold sintering with post‐annealing process
Authors: Chi Mengjiao , Liu Yahan , Zhao Jianwei , Dong Chao , Luo Xinjiang , Wang Dawei , Liu Bing , Mao Minmin , Shi Feng , Song Kaixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to get pure‐phase Mg3B2O6 (abbreviated as MBO) ceramics by the traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. In this paper, pure‐phase MBO ceramics were successfully densified and obtained by combining the cold sintering and post‐annealing process. The relative density of MBO ceramics was ∼80% cold sintered at 150°C/90 min/800 MPa, which was further improved to ∼91% by post‐annealing at 900°C, 400°C lower than that of the traditional high‐temperature sintering process (∼1300°C). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman results demonstrated that the secondary phase of MgO was effectively eliminated, and dense microstructure was observed by the cold‐sintering process plus post‐annealing treatment. Finally, the microwave dielectric properties of MBO were evaluated with εr: 5.15–6.37, Q×f: 5942–16 686 GHz, τf: −48.45–69.72 ppm/°C.
Comparative antiplatelet effects of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Bashir Khalid , Burns Tammy , Pirruccello Samuel J. , Aurit Sarah J. , Hilleman Daniel E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChlorthalidone (CTD) may be superior to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in the reduction of adverse cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. The mechanism of the potential benefit of CTD could be related to antiplatelet effects. The objective of this study was to determine if CTD or HCTZ have antiplatelet effects. This study was a prospective, double‐blind, randomized, three‐way crossover comparison evaluating the antiplatelet effects of CTD, HCTZ, and aspirin (ASA) in healthy volunteers. The effects of these treatments on platelet activation and aggregation were assessed using a well‐established method with five standard platelet agonists. Thirty‐four patients completed the three‐way crossover comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment changes in platelet activation and aggregation studies. There were statistically significant antiplatelet effects with ASA but not with CTD or HCTZ. Hypokalemia occurred in 0 (0%), 10 (30%), and 6 (18%) of the ASA, CTD, and HCTZ patients, respectively. The results of our study suggest that the benefits of CTD and HCTZ in reducing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension is not a result of an antiplatelet effect. In our study, hypokalemia with CTD was more prevalent than that reported in a large outcome trial in patients with hypertension. The clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain.
Sleep patterns, sluggish cognitive tempo, and daytime sleepiness – a commentary on Fredrick et al. (2022)
Authors: Sadeghi‐Bahmani Dena , Brand Serge 
Published: September 2022

Fredrick et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022) showed in their cross‐sectional and observational study that higher Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) traits were associated with more impaired subjective and objective sleep parameters. Importantly, data were gathered from adolescents and their parents, thus, enhancing the validity of the findings. In addition, the observed pattern of associations was unrelated to ADHD traits, age, sex, medication, or pubertal development. In the present commentary, we acknowledge the scientific value and practical and clinical implications of these findings. For future studies, we propose seven research avenues, which might help to further clarify the neurophysiological, psychological, and behavioral associations between SCT traits and sleep patterns.