bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific nutrition and metabolic characteristics of critically ill patients with persistent COVID‐19
Authors: Viana Marina V. , Pantet Olivier , Charrière Mélanie , Favre Doris , Piquilloud Lise , Schneider Antoine G. , Hurni Claire‐Anne , Berger Mette M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about metabolic and nutrition characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and persistent critical illness. We aimed to compare those characteristics in patients with PCI and COVID‐19 and patients without COVID‐19 infection (non‐CO)—primarily, their energy balance.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study including two consecutive cohorts, defined as needing intubation for >10 days. We collected demographic data, severity scores, nutrition variables, length of stay, and mortality.ResultsAltogether, 104 patients (52 per group) were included (59 ± 14 years old [mean ± SD], 75% men) between July 2019 and May 2020. SAPSII, Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) score, proportion of obese patients, duration of intubation (18.2 ± 11.7 days), and mortality rates were similar. Patients with COVID‐19 (vs non‐CO) had lower SOFA scores (P = 0.013) and more frequently needed prone position (P < 0.0001) and neuromuscular blockade (P < 0.0001): lengths of ICU (P = 0.03) and hospital stays were shorter (P < 0.0001). Prescribed energy targets were below those of the ICU protocol. The energy balance of patients with COVID‐19 was significantly more negative after day 10. Enteral nutrition (EN) started earlier (P < 0.0001). During the first 10 days, COVID‐19 patients received more lipid (propofol sedation) and less protein. Higher admission C‐reactive protein (P = 0.002) decreased faster (P < 0.001). Whereas intestinal function was characterized by constipation in both groups during the first 10 days, diarrhea was less common in patients with COVID‐19 thereafter.ConclusionCompared with non‐CO patients, COVID‐19 patients were not more obese, had lower SOFA scores, and were fed more rapidly with EN, because of a more normal gastrointestinal function possibly due to fewer non–respiratory organ failures: their energy balances were more negative after the first 10 days. Propofol sedation reduced protein delivery.
Adaptation of urban distribution to the fluvial geomorphic environment and the reconstruction of the river system structure by urban distribution in Haihe Plain in the past 2,200 years
Authors: Du Longjiang , Wang Fang , Zhang Qixuan , Fang Yuanyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe alluvial plain of many of the world's large rivers is generally an area with concentrated urban distribution and a long history of development. In eastern China, the alluvial plains downstream of large rivers such as the Haihe River are the most densely populated and economically developed regions. Beijing, the capital of China, is located on the Haihe Plain. It is a matter of great significance that the region's capacity for livability and sustainable development be improved. Using the river geomorphic data and historical town information, methods of spatial statistical analysis and historical literature research, this paper analyzes the spatial relationship between the distribution of urban centers and the fluvial geomorphology of the Haihe Plain over more than 2,200 years. The research finds that: first, different levels of cities and towns have led to varying choices regarding the fluvial geomorphic environment. Second, in different periods in which different transportations were dominant, the distribution of cities and towns has adapted to the fluvial geomorphology. In the land transportation period, urban settlements mainly concentrated on the diluvial‐alluvial fans at the foot of the Taihang Mountain; in the inland shipping period, they focused on gathering at the confluence of rivers on the central plain and along the canals; in the period of global trade, Tianjin, a trade center, established itself at the mouth of the Haihe River. Third, humans intend to rebuild water system structures (such as the Grand Canal) in the context of major water conservancy projects in the basin to meet the needs of the expanding regions and towns. The research shows that the urban development of the Haihe Plain should adapt to the natural regional pattern and establish a solution based on respecting the natural conditions of the basin, to make the regional sustainable development more resilient.
Boosting hydrogen production with ultralow working voltage by selenium vacancy‐enhanced ultrafine platinum–nickel nanowires
Authors: Jin Yu , Zhang Zhe , Yang Hao , Wang Pengtang , Shen Chenqi , Cheng Tao , Huang Xiaoqing , Shao Qi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDefect engineering provides a highly potential way to yield exceptional catalytic performance. Herein, we first report the selenium (Se) vacancies‐decorated ultrafine platinum–nickel (PtNi‐Sev) nanowires, as a bifunctional catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The optimized PtNi‐Sev exhibits obvious enhancement for HER and MOR compared to PtNi nanowires. It displays merely an overpotential of 18.8 mV for alkaline HER and the outstanding MOR performance (3.51 A/mgPt). When applying in one symmetric overall water splitting electrolyzer coupling with HER and MOR, an ultralow working voltage of 0.637 V with 100% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production was achieved at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Further investigations reveal that the weakened hydrogen binding energy, strong OH binding as well as relative weak CO binding are responsible for the improved HER and MOR activities.
Data and text mining from online reviews: An automatic literature analysis
Authors: Moro Sérgio , Rita Paulo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on a thorough analysis of the scientific literature using data and text mining to uncover knowledge from online reviews due to their importance as user‐generated content. In this context, more than 12,000 papers were extracted from publications indexed in the Scopus database within the last 15 years. Regarding the type of data, most previous studies focused on qualitative textual data to perform their analysis, with fewer looking for quantitative scores and/or characterizing reviewer profiles. In terms of application domains, information management and technology, e‐commerce, and tourism stand out. It is also clear that other areas of potentially valuable applications should be addressed in future research, such as arts and education, as well as more interdisciplinary approaches, namely in the spectrum of the social sciences.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Application Areas > Business and Industry
Ensuring equity in access to online courses: Perspectives from the WHO health emergency learning response
Authors: George Richelle , Utunen Heini , Ndiaye Ngouille , Tokar Anna , Mattar Lama , Piroux Corentin , Gamhewage Gaya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization's (WHO) open‐source learning platform, OpenWHO, allows diverse audiences worldwide to access self‐paced, asynchronous online courses based on WHO technical expertise and guidance. In addition, the platform emphasizes equitable access to learning by aiming to remove barriers. All OpenWHO courses are therefore provided free of charge and in low‐bandwidth friendly, downloadable, and offline formats. This paper explores differences in access to online learning across learner demographics, namely gender, country income status, and preferred language. The evidence presented is derived from surveys and statistical data extracted from the OpenWHO platform. It advocates for the importance of offering courses in non‐time‐bound formats that address the relevant diseases, outbreaks, and challenges of affected communities. Doing so is vital to ensure the broadest possible and most equitable access to learning, according to learners' availability and preferred media, languages, and health topics.
String scale black holes at large D
Authors: Chen Yiming , Maldacena Juan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study aspects of black holes near the Hagedorn temperature. The large dimension expansion introduced by Soda, Emparan, Grumiller and Tanabe connects them to the well studied two dimensional black hole based on SL(2)k/U(1). This allows us to explore black holes at string scale temperatures. We argue that the black hole can surpass the Hagedorn temperature, but at a somewhat larger temperature it is likely to turn over to a highly excited string.
Pentagon functions for one-mass planar scattering amplitudes
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Sotnikov Vasily , Zoia Simone 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present analytic results for all planar two-loop Feynman integrals contributing to five-particle scattering amplitudes with one external massive leg. We express the integrals in terms of a basis of algebraically-independent transcendental functions, which we call one-mass pentagon functions. We construct them by using the properties of iterated integrals with logarithmic kernels. The pentagon functions are manifestly free of unphysical branch cuts, do not require analytic continuation, and can be readily evaluated over the whole physical phase space of the massive-particle production channel. We develop an efficient algorithm for their numerical evaluation and present a public implementation suitable for direct phenomenological applications.
Observable flavor violation from spontaneous lepton number breaking
Authors: Escribano Pablo , Hirsch Martin , Nava Jacopo , Vicente Avelino 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose a simple model of spontaneous lepton number violation with potentially large flavor violating decays, including the possibility that majoron emitting decays, such as μ → eJ, saturate the experimental bounds. In this model the majoron is a singlet-doublet admixture. It generates a type-I seesaw for neutrino masses and contains also a vector-like lepton. As a by-product, the model can explain the anomalous (g − 2)μ in parts of its parameter space, where one expects that the branching ratio of the Higgs to muons is changed with respect to Standard Model expectations. However, the explanation of the muon g − 2 anomaly would lead to tension with recent astrophysical bounds on the majoron coupling to muons.
Vector dark matter production from catalyzed annihilation
Authors: Cai Chengfeng , Zhang Hong-Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We provide a simple model of vector dark matter (DM) which can realize the recently proposed freeze-out mechanism with catalyzed annihilation. In our setup, a vector DM field Xμ and a catalyst field Cμ is unified by an SU(2)D gauge symmetry. These gauge fields acquire their masses via spontaneously symmetry breaking triggered by a doublet and a real triplet scalar fields. The catalyst particle is automatically lighter than the DM since it only acquires mass from the vacuum expectation value of the doublet scalar. We also introduce a dimension-5 operator to generate a kinetic mixing term between Cμ and the U(1)Y gauge field Bμ. This mixing term is naturally small due to a suppression with a high UV completion scale, and thus it allows the catalyst to decay after the DM freeze-out. We derive the annihilation cross sections of processes X* + X → 2C and 3C → X* + X and solve the Boltzmann equations for both the DM and the catalyst. We develop the analytical approximate solutions of the equations and find them matching the numerical solutions well. Constraints from relic abundance and indirect detection of DM are considered. We find that the DM with a mass mX ≳ 4.5 TeV survives in the case of a long-living catalyst. On the other hand, if the catalyst decays during the catalyzed annihilation era, then the bound can be released. We also discuss two paradigms which can maintain the kinetic equilibrium of DM until the DM freeze-out. In both cases, the freeze-out temperature of DM is an order of magnitude higher than the original model.
Single top production in association with a WZ pair at the LHC in the SMEFT
Authors: El Faham Hesham , Maltoni Fabio , Mimasu Ken , Zaro Marco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study single top quark production in association with a WZ pair at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model (SM) and the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). A significant advantage of tWZ compared to other EW top production processes is its sensitivity to unitarity-violating behaviour induced in its 2 → 2 sub-amplitudes through modified EW interactions. At NLO in QCD, tWZ interferes with t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

Z and t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

and a method to meaningfully separate it from these overlapping processes needs to be employed. In order to define tWZ production for total rates and differential distributions, we consider the approaches proposed in the literature for similar cases and find that diagram-removal procedures provide reliable results both for the SM and the SMEFT in a suitably defined phase-space region. We provide robust results for total and differential cross sections for tWZ at 13 TeV, including the six relevant dimension-6 operators ($$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tW,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tZ,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tG,$$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi Q}^{\left(-\right)} $$

O
φQ

−

,$$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi Q}^{(3)} $$

O
φQ

3

,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
φt), also matching short-distance events to parton shower.
Circulating cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles reflect cardiac injury during systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice
Authors: Hegyesi Hargita , Pallinger Éva , Mecsei Szabina , Hornyák Balázs , Kovácsházi Csenger , Brenner Gábor B. , Giricz Zoltán , Pálóczi Krisztina , Kittel Ágnes , Tóvári József , Turiak Lilla , Khamari Delaram , Ferdinandy Péter , Buzás Edit I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is increased under cellular stress and cardiomyocyte damaging conditions. However, whether the cardiomyocyte-derived EVs eventually reach the systemic circulation and whether their number in the bloodstream reflects cardiac injury, remains unknown. Wild type C57B/6 and conditional transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by cardiomyocytes were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). EVs were separated both from platelet-free plasma and from the conditioned medium of isolated cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular wall. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were determined by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The presence of GFP + cardiomyocyte-derived circulating EVs was monitored by flow cytometry and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. In LPS-treated mice, systemic inflammation and the consequent cardiomyopathy were verified by elevated plasma levels of TNFα, GDF-15, and cardiac troponin I, and by a decrease in the ejection fraction. Furthermore, we demonstrated elevated levels of circulating small- and medium-sized EVs in the LPS-injected mice. Importantly, we detected GFP+ cardiomyocyte-derived EVs in the circulation of control mice, and the number of these circulating GFP+ vesicles increased significantly upon intraperitoneal LPS administration (P = 0.029). The cardiomyocyte-derived GFP+ EVs were also positive for intravesicular troponin I (cTnI) and muscle-associated glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). This is the first direct demonstration that cardiomyocyte-derived EVs are present in the circulation and that the increased number of cardiac-derived EVs in the blood reflects cardiac injury in LPS-induced systemic inflammation (SIRS).
Influence of anaemia in severely injured patients on mortality, transfusion and length of stay: an analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Tanner Linda , Neef Vanessa , Raimann Florian J. , Störmann Philipp , Marzi Ingo , Lefering Rolf , Zacharowski Kai , Piekarski Florian ,   Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management (Sektion NIS) of the German Trauma Society (DGU)
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Anaemia is one of the leading causes of death among severely injured patients. It is also known to increase the risk of death and prolong the length of hospital stay in various surgical groups. The main objective of this study is to analyse the anaemia rate on admission to the emergency department and the impact of anaemia on in-hospital mortality.

Methods
Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) between 2015 and 2019 were analysed. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 16 years and most severe Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥ 3. Patients were divided into three anaemia subgroups: no or mild anaemia (NA), moderate anaemia (MA) and severe anaemia (SA). Pre-hospital data, patient characteristics, treatment in the emergency room (ER), outcomes, and differences between trauma centres were analysed.

Results
Of 67,595 patients analysed, 94.9% (n = 64,153) exhibited no or mild anaemia (Hb ≥ 9 g/dl), 3.7% (n = 2478) displayed moderate anaemia (Hb 7–8 g/dl) and 1.4% (n = 964) presented with severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl). Haemoglobin (Hb) values ranged from 3 to 18 g/dl with a mean Hb value of 12.7 g/dl. In surviving patients, anaemia was associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed moderate (p < 0.001 OR 1.88 (1.66–2.13)) and severe anaemia (p < 0.001 OR 4.21 (3.46–5.12)) to be an independent predictor for mortality. Further significant predictors are ISS score per point (OR 1.0), age 70–79 (OR 4.8), age > 80 (OR 12.0), severe pre-existing conditions (ASA 3/4) (OR 2.26), severe head injury (AIS 5/6) (OR 4.8), penetrating trauma (OR 1.8), unconsciousness (OR 4.8), shock (OR 2.2) and pre-hospital intubation (OR 1.6).

Conclusion
The majority of severely injured patients are admitted without anaemia to the ER. Injury-associated moderate and severe anaemia is an independent predictor of mortality in severely injured patients.
Management von medikamentenassoziierten Kiefernekrosen – Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse neuester Studien im Vergleich zu bewährten Strategien
Authors: Tröltzsch Matthias , Tröltzsch Markus , Pautke Christoph , Otto Sven 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Antiresorptiva gehören weltweit zu den am häufigsten applizierten Arzneimitteln. Ihr Haupteinsatzbereich liegt in der Osteologie und Onkologie. Trotz allgemein guter Verträglichkeit treten bei Patienten unter Therapie unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) auf. Eine spezifische UAW im Bereich der Kiefer ist die sog. medikamentenassoziierte Osteonekrose („medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw“, MRONJ) der Kiefer.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Arbeit stellt neuesten Entwicklungen in Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie der MRONJ im Vergleich zu bereits bestehenden Erkenntnissen zusammen.

Methodik
Es wurde eine systematische Literaturübersicht der Jahre 2016–2021 zu diesem Thema durchgeführt. Prospektive Therapiestudien, Diagnostikstudien mit Vergleichsgruppe und innovative Studien zur Pathogenese der MRONJ wurden eingeschlossen und nach den MINORS-Kriterien („methodological index for non-randomized studies“) bewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die MRONJ tritt bei ca. 2–12 % der Patienten, die aus onkologischer Indikation mit Antiresorptiva behandelt werden, auf (osteologische Indikation ca. 0,1–1 %). Die Therapie der MRONJ sollte frühzeitig und operativ erfolgen. Die Heilungsrate ist bei einem operativen Therapieansatz mit über 85 % sehr gut.
Quest for breathing: proliferation of alveolar type 1 cells
Authors: Satora Leszek , Gawlikowski Tomasz , Tański Adam , Formicki Krzysztof 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is much evidence that the vertebrate lung originated from a progenitor structure which was present in bony fish. However, critical basic elements for the evolution of breathing in tetrapods, such as the central rhythm generator sensitive to CO2/pH and the pulmonary surfactant, were present in the lungless primitive vertebrate. This suggests that the evolution of air breathing in all vertebrates may have evolved through exaptations. It appears that the capability for proliferation of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells is the “critical factor” which rendered possible the most radical subsequent innovation—the possibility of air breathing. “Epithelial remodeling,” which consists in proliferation of alveolar cells—the structural basis for gas diffusion—observed in the alimentary tract of the gut-breathing fishes (GBF) has great potential for application in biomedical research. Such a process probably led to the gradual evolutionary development of lungs in terrestrial vertebrates. Research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the GBF should contribute to explaining the regeneration-associated phenomena that occur in mammal lungs, and especially to the understanding of signal pathways which govern the process.
Equivalence classes and conditional hardness in massively parallel computations
Authors: Nanongkai Danupon , Scquizzato Michele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model serves as a common abstraction of many modern large-scale data processing frameworks, and has been receiving increasingly more attention over the past few years, especially in the context of classical graph problems. So far, the only way to argue lower bounds for this model is to condition on conjectures about the hardness of some specific problems, such as graph connectivity on promise graphs that are either one cycle or two cycles, usually called the one cycle versus two cycles problem. This is unlike the traditional arguments based on conjectures about complexity classes (e.g., $$\textsf {P}\ne \textsf {NP}$$

P
≠
NP

), which are often more robust in the sense that refuting them would lead to groundbreaking algorithms for a whole bunch of problems. In this paper we present connections between problems and classes of problems that allow the latter type of arguments. These connections concern the class of problems solvable in a sublogarithmic amount of rounds in the MPC model, denoted by $$\textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

, and the standard space complexity classes $$\textsf {L}$$
L
and $$\textsf {NL}$$
NL
, and suggest conjectures that are robust in the sense that refuting them would lead to many surprisingly fast new algorithms in the MPC model. We also obtain new conditional lower bounds, and prove new reductions and equivalences between problems in the MPC model. Specifically, our main results are as follows.

Lower bounds conditioned on the one cycle versus two cycles conjecture can be instead argued under the $$\textsf {L}\nsubseteq \textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

L
⊈
MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

conjecture: these two assumptions are equivalent, and refuting either of them would lead to $$o(\log N)$$

o
(
log
N
)

-round MPC algorithms for a large number of challenging problems, including list ranking, minimum cut, and planarity testing. In fact, we show that these problems and many others require asymptotically the same number of rounds as the seemingly much easier problem of distinguishing between a graph being one cycle or two cycles.

Many lower bounds previously argued under the one cycle versus two cycles conjecture can be argued under an even more robust (thus harder to refute) conjecture, namely $$\textsf {NL}\nsubseteq \textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

NL
⊈
MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

. Refuting this conjecture would lead to $$o(\log N)$$

o
(
log
N
)

-round MPC algorithms for an even larger set of problems, including all-pairs shortest paths, betweenness centrality, and all aforementioned ones. Lower bounds under this conjecture hold for problems such as perfect matching and network flow.