bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Study of Unintentional Childhood Injuries in a Rural and Urban Area of Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State, India
Authors: Nirgude Abhay S , Haleema Mubeena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Worldwide injury & violence is most important cause of death in children, every year it causes death in approximately 950000 children and youngsters who are under the age group of 18 years of age. Ninety percent of it is caused by unintentional injuries. Methods:This study was conducted with the aim to find the period prevalence and factors associated with unintentional childhood injuries. The study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area of a private medical College, Mangaluru taluk.. Community based cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling 400 children (0-18 years) from rural area and 500 from urban during July 2016 to October 2018. Multistage simple random sampling method was followed to select the participants. Source of data was Mother/Father. Predesigned pretested validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results:Period prevalence of childhood injury was 67(16.8%) in rural area and 93(18.6%) in urban area. In both area fall was most common cause of injury. Factors which were found to be protective against injury were male child, children of working women in rural area and in urban area it was children belonging to lower and middle socio-economic status, child with 1 sibling. Usage of protective gears while driving was reported by majority of subjects. Almost one third of the children had risk factors for burn at home. However risk factors for sharp injury and animal bite was not found in majority of the children. Environmental risk factors for falls were unprotected roof/balcony/staircase, unsafe equipment/ deep ditches in playground. In both areas, risk factors for fall were significantly associated with fall. Conclusions:Magnitude of unintentional childhood injuries was similar in rural and urban areas, in both areas majority of the participants had fall as a cause of injury. Varied risk factors for injury were found in both areas. Injury prevention, risk reduction should be part of school curriculum and school health programme. Parents should be sensitized about the common type of injury, risk factors and its prevention
Effectiveness of Nootropics in Combination with Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Function in Mild-To-Moderate Dementia: A Study Using Real-world Data
Authors: Kang Minjae , Lee Dan Bee , Kwon Sungchan , Lee Eun , Kim Woo Jung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline has been either limited or controversial. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) and nootropics combination in the treatment of cognitive impairment in dementia.
Methods
Data were based on electronic medical records in a university health system. Patients with mild-to-moderate dementia and no history of prior cognitive enhancer use were included (n = 583). The subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group. The primary outcome measure was the change in cognitive function, as assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) from baseline to 300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription. Subsequent analyses were conducted in consideration of the dementia type, medical adherence, and type of nootropics.
Results
The changes in MMSE scores from baseline to endpoint were not significantly different between the two groups. In Alzheimer’s dementia, the combination group showed significantly less deterioration in MMSE language subscale scores compared to the ChEI only group (F = 6.86, p = 0.009), and the difference was consistent in the highly adherent subjects (F = 10.16, p = 0.002). The choline alfoscerate and the ginkgo biloba extract subgroups in Alzheimer’s dementia showed more significant improvements in the MMSE language subscale scores compared to the other nootropics subgroup (F = 7.04, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
The present study showed that the effectiveness of ChEI and nootropics combination on cognition may appear differently according to the dementia type. It emphasizes the need for well-controlled studies to generalize the effectiveness of nootropics across various clinical settings.
Light Absorption Enhancement in thin Film GaAs Solar Cells Using Dielectric Nanoparticles
Authors: Chaudhry Fateh A. , Escandell Lorena , López-Fraguas Eduardo , Vergaz Ricardo , Sanchez-Pena Jose Manuel , Garcia-Camara Braulio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cost-effective and lightweight solar cells are demanded in strategic fields such as space applications or integrated-wearable devices, among others. A reduction of the thickness of the active layer, producing thin-film devices, has been a traditional solution for both requirements. However, this also reduces the efficiency of the device. For this reason, alternative strategies are being proposed. In this work, light trapping effects of an array of semiconductor nanoparticles located on the top surface of a thin-film GaAs solar cell are investigated to improve the optical absorption and current density in active layer, under the standard AM-1.5 solar spectrum. The numerical results are compared with other previous proposals such as an aluminum nanoparticle array, as well as conventional solar cells with and without a standard anti-reflective coating (ARC). The inclusion of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) shown an improved response of the solar cells at different angle of incidence in comparison to solar cell with an ARC. Furthermore, the efficiency was increased a 10% respect to the aluminum nanoparticles (NPs) architecture, and a 21% and a 30% respect to solar cells with and without ARC, respectively.
Outcomes of Professional Development Activities for Selected Texas School Personnel Helping Students Cope with Behavioral and Mental Health Issues
Authors: Wingenbach Gary , Koswatta Taniya , Engels Josephine , Freeny Jamie , Haddad Sana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
School personnel help youth cope with life and school stressors daily. However, help may depend on one’s confidence or knowledge of such issues. In 2019 and 2020, more than 13,800 Texas educators participated in Emotional Backpack Project (EBP) training for youth coping with behavioral and mental health issues. Post-intervention results showed significant gains in understanding students’ behavioral and mental health issues, improved confidence in approaching students, parents, or other school staff to discuss students’ harmful behaviors, understanding mindfulness activities, and increased knowledge of trauma informed schools and trauma informed educators. Teachers and other school personnel were less confident approaching parents or guardians to discuss youth mental health issues than in approaching students, counselors, and other staff. EBP interventions produced positive results in school personnel’s knowledge, perceptions, and confidence to help students cope with behavioral and mental health issues. EBP training should be adopted widely and occur more than once annually.
Prognostic impact of C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy score in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in immunotherapy (CRAFITY) score in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 297 patients receiving Atez/Bev from September 2020 to November 2021 at 17 different institutions and hospital groups in Japan. Patients with AFP≥100 ng/mL and those with CRP≥1 mg/dL were assigned a CRAFITY score of 1 point.Results: The patients were assigned CRAFITY scores of 0 points (n=147 [49.5%]), 1 point (n=111 [37.4%]), and 2 points (n=39 [13.1%]). AFP≥100 ng/mL and CRP≥1.0 mg/dL were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The median PFS in the CRAFITY score 0, 1, and 2 groups was 11.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.4-not applicable [NA]), 6.5 months (95% CI 4.6-8.0), and 3.2 months (95% CI 1.9-5.0), respectively (p<0.001). The median OS in patients with CRAFITY score 0, 1 and 2 was not reached, 14.3 months (95% CI 10.5-NA), and 11.6 months (95% CI 4.9-NA), respectively. The percentage of patients with grade ≥3 liver injury, any grade of decreased appetite, any grade of proteinuria, any grade of fever, and any grade of fatigue was lowest in patients with a CRAFITY score of 0, followed by patients with CRAFITY scores of 1 and 2.Conclusions: The CRAFITY score is simple and could be useful for predicting therapeutic outcomes and treatment-related adverse events.
Lipidomics Analysis Reveals Protective Effect of Myriocin on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Model Rats
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Jingmin , Yang Meng , Guo Jinxiu , Li Duolu , Li Ying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ceramide accumulation has been associated with ischemic stroke. Myriocin is an effective SPT inhibitor, which reduces the levels of ceramides by inhibiting de novo synthesis pathway. However, the role of myriocin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study established an experimental rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We employed UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based lipidomic analysis to identify the disordered lipid metabolites and the effects of myriocin in cerebral cortical tissues of rats. In this study, we found 15 characterized lipid metabolites involved in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism in cerebral I/R-injured rats, which were significantly reversed by myriocin. Specifically, the mRNA expression of metabolism-related enzyme genes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).We demonstrated that myriocin could regulate the mRNA expression of ASMase, NSMase, SGMS1, SGMS2, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER3 involved in sphingolipid metabolism and PLA2 involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, TUNEL and western blot assay showed that myriocin played a key role in regulating neuronal cell apoptosis. In summary, the present work provides a new perspective for a systematic study of metabolic changes in ischemia stroke and the therapeutic applications of myriocin.
Numerical study on vortex-induced vibrations of a flexible cylinder subjected to multi-directional flows
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Piguang , Fu Shixiao , Zhao Mi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vortex-induced Vibrations ( VIVs ) of a flexible cylinder subjected to multi-directional flows have been studied based on a wake oscillator model. The multi-directional flow comprises two slab of flows in different directions, with each slabs having uniform uni-directional profile. The dynamics of the flexible cylinder is described based on the linear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and a wake oscillator model is uniformly distributed along the cylinder to model the hydrodynamic force acting on it. The dynamics of the coupled system has been solved numerically using the finite element method and simulations have been conducted with the cylinder subjected to multi-directional flows with different angles between the two slabs. A large number of different initial conditions have been applied and more than one steady state responses have been captured for each flow condition. The steady state responses exhibit two different patterns, one is characterized by two waves travelling in the opposite directions, while the other is dominated by a single travelling wave. It has been found that the cross-flow VIV primarily occurs in the local cross-flow direction and a transition of its vibrating direction happens at the interface of the two flows. Such transition is not observed in the inline VIV and significant vibrations at the double frequency appear in both local cross-flow and inline directions. Energy analysis shows that this transition is boosted by a specific energy transfer pattern between the structure and the flow, which excites the vibration of the cylinder in some directions while damps it in others. It has also been found that this energy transfer is related to certain motion trajectories.
Geospatial analysis of cesarean section in Iran (2016-2020): Exploring clustered patterns and measuring spatial interactions of available health services
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Pishgar Elahe , Salari Zahra , Kiani Behzad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe lives of babies and mothers are at risk due to the uneven distribution of healthcare facilities required for emergency cesarean sections (CS). However, CS without medical indications might cause complications for mothers and babies, which is a global health problem. Identifying spatiotemporal variations of CS rates in each geographical area could provide helpful information to understand the status of using CS services.MethodsThis cross-sectional study explored spatiotemporal patterns of CS in the northeast of Iran from 2016 to 2020. Space-time scan statistics and spatial interaction analysis were conducted using geographical information systems to visualize and explore patterns of CS services. ResultsThere were 74,291 CS cases, and the total CS rate was 35.4% of all deliveries from 2016 until 2020. Some spatiotemporal clusters regarding CS distribution were identified (p<0.05). According to spatial interaction analysis, there was a solid spatial concentration of hospital facilities in the political center of the study area. Moreover, a high degree of inequity was observed in spatial accessibility to CS hospitals in the whole study area.ConclusionsA high CS rate in comparison to the global CS rate was observed. Therefore, healthcare policymakers might investigate the study area for potential reasons for the remarkable difference. Hospital capacity and distance from population centers to hospitals play an essential role in CS rate variations and spatial interactions among people and CS facilities. As a result, some healthcare strategies, e.g., building new hospitals and empowering the existing local hospitals to perform CS in areas out of service, might be developed to decline inequity.
Spectral Organ Fingerprints For Machine Learning-Based Intraoperative Tissue Classification With Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Studier-Fischer Alexander , Seidlitz Silvia , Sellner Jan , Özdemir Berkin , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Ayala Leonardo , Odenthal Jan , Knödler Samuel , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Haney Caelan Max , Camplisson Isabella , Dietrich Maximilian , Schmidt Karsten , Salg Gabriel Alexander , Kenngott Hannes Götz , Adler Tim Julian , Schreck Nicholas , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Maier-Hein Klaus , Maier-Hein Lena , Müller-Stich Beat Peter , Nickel Felix 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Visual discrimination of tissue during surgery can be challenging since different tissues appear similar to the human eye. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) removes this limitation by associating each pixel with high-dimensional spectral information. While previous work has shown its general potential to discriminate tissue, clinical translation has been limited due to the method’s current lack of robustness and generalizability. Specifically, it had been unknown whether variability in spectral reflectance is primarily explained by tissue type rather than the recorded individual or specific acquisition conditions. The contribution of this work is threefold: (1) Based on an annotated medical HSI data set (9,059 images from 46 pigs), we present a tissue atlas featuring spectral fingerprints of 20 different porcine organs and tissue types. (2) Using the principle of mixed model analysis, we show that the greatest source of variability related to HSI images is the organ under observation. (3) We show that HSI-based fully-automatic tissue differentiation of 20 organ classes with deep neural networks is possible with high accuracy (> 95 %). We conclude from our study that automatic tissue discrimination based on HSI data is feasible and could thus aid in intraoperative decision making and pave the way for context-aware computer-assisted surgery systems and autonomous robotics.Category for submissionExperimental studyLevel of EvidenceNot applicable. Translational animal science. Original article.
Comparison of Chloral Hydrate Nasal Spray With an Oral Solution for Sedation Before Electroencephalography in Children
Authors: Karimi Parviz , Karimi Elahe , Aidy Ali , Tahmasebi Masoumeh , Ghaneialvar Hori , Abbasi Naser 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The choice of route of drug administration is given depends not only on the compliance but also on the drug’s pharmacokinetics pathway. In this study, the efficacy, and safety of nasal and oral administration of chloral hydrate in the pediatric ready for electroencephalography were evaluated. Methods 143 infants who had to undergo EEG for the diagnosis of neurological disorders received chloral hydrate between January 2017 and December 2018. Chloral hydrate was administered nasally or orally to infants using doses of 50-100 mg/kg. Clinical parameters are being analyzed to measure the efficacy/safety of nasal spray Vs. oral administration was (a) Heart rate Pre-sedation, (b) Heart rate Post Sedation, (c ) Hypoxemia, (d) Apnea), and (e) Oxygen Supplementation. Mean procedure time, mean recovery time, and total nursing times were calculated. Results Oral chloral hydrate group showed a lower heart rate and also a significantly higher percentage of hypoxemia. Apnea was not statistically different between the groups. The mean procedure time for the nasal and oral solution was ranged from 10 to 15 and 15-25 min, respectively. The mean recovery time for the nasal and oral solution was 5-8 and 10-15 min, respectively. Conclusion Chloral hydrate nasal spray is likely to be more safe and effective than oral in pediatric sedation.
Comparison of Growth Curve Models for Ongole Grade Cattle
Authors: Adinata Yudi , Noor Ronny Rachman , Priyanto Rudy , Cyrilla Lucia , Sudrajad Pita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Growth curves are important for understanding the growth phase and specific characteristics of farm animals. This study evaluated growth curve models to predict the age at puberty and growth rate of Ongole Grade cattle. The study used the weights of cattle from birth to 3 years old in 2011 to 2019 obtained from the Beef Cattle Research Station. The data were analyzed using three non-linear growth curve models: von Bertalanffy, logistic, and Gompertz. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the growth equation for the respective models were 0.996, 0.981, and 0.992. The estimated age and body weight at puberty for each model were 6.43 months and 144.09 kg, 13.94 months and 164.082 kg, and 11.76 months and 169.571 kg, respectively. The Gompertz function best fit the growth rate and exhibited the smallest standard deviation.
Genetic Diversity of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) Revealed Using RAD-Seq SNP Markers
Authors: Nagano Yukio , Tashiro Hiroaki , Nishi Sayoko , Hiehata Naofumi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Fukuda Shinji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is thought to have originated in southeastern China and spread as a cultivated plant worldwide. Many of the loquat genetic resources collected internationally are of unknown origin, and their genetic background requires clarification. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of 95 accessions by using SNP markers obtained by restriction site–associated DNA sequencing. Principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis broadly classified loquat into three groups: 1) Japanese and Chinese cultivars and some Japanese strains (wild plants that are not used for commercial cultivation), 2) Vietnamese, Israeli, Greek, USA, and Mexican cultivars and strains, and 3) other Japanese strains. Group 2 is cultivated mostly outside of East Asia and was clearly distinct from the other groups, indicating that varieties of unknown origin with genetic backgrounds different from those of Japanese and Chinese cultivars may have been introduced to Mediterranean countries and North America (USA and Mexico). The fact that Japanese and Chinese cultivars belong to the same group confirms that the current Japanese cultivars are derived from genetic resources brought from China. Some of group 1 may have been introduced to Japan before excellent varieties were developed in China, while group 3 may have been indigenous to Japan.
A facilitated social innovation: Stakeholder groups using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles for perinatal health across levels of the health system in Cao Bang province, Vietnam
Authors: Bergström Anna , Hoa Dinh Phuong , Nga Nguyen Thu , Hoa Trieu , Tu Tran Thanh , Lien Pham Thi Lan , Trang Tran , Wallin Lars , Persson Lars-Åke , Eriksson Leif 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Universal coverage of evidence-based interventions for perinatal health could prevent most deaths, particularly if entire communities were engaged in the implementation. Social innovations may provide creative solutions to healthcare challenges, but their implementation relies on engaging communities and health system actors. This proof-of-concept study aimed to assess whether an earlier successful social innovation for improved neonatal survival that employed regular facilitated Plan-Do-Study-Act meetings on commune-level was feasible and acceptable when implemented on multiple levels of the health system (52 health units) and resulted in actions with plausibly favourable effects on perinatal health and survival in Cao Bang province, northern Vietnam.
Methods
The integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework guided implementation and evaluation of the Perinatal Knowledge-Into-Practice (PeriKIP) project. Data collection included facilitators’ diaries, health workers knowledge on perinatal care, structured observations of antenatal care, focus group discussions with facilitators, their mentors and representatives of different actors of the initiated stakeholder groups and an individual interview with the Reproductive Health Centre director. Clinical experts assessed the relevance of the identified problems and actions taken based on facilitators’ diaries. Descriptive statistics included proportions, means, and t-tests for the knowledge assessment and observations. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis.
Results
The social innovation resulted in the identification of about 500 relevant problems. Also, 75% of planned actions to overcome prioritised problems were undertaken, results presented, and a plan for new actions to achieve the group’s goals to enhance perinatal health. The facilitators had significant roles, ensuring that the stakeholder groups were established based on principles of mutual respect. Overall, the knowledge of perinatal health and performance of antenatal care improved over the intervention period.
Conclusions
The establishment of facilitated local stakeholder groups can remedy the need for tailored interventions and grassroots involvement in perinatal health and provide a scalable structure for focused efforts to reduce preventable deaths and promote health and well-being.