bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety After Toric Posterior Chamber Implantable Collamer Lens and Toric Iris-Fixated Foldable Phakic Intraocular Lens for Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Monteiro Tiago , Pinto Christophe , Franqueira Nuno , Faria-Correia Fernando , Mendes José , Alfonso Sánchez José , Vaz Fernando 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:
To compare visual, refractive, and safety outcomes of toric posterior chamber Implantable Collamer Lens (T-ICL) (STAAR Surgical) and toric iris-fixated foldable phakic intraocular lens (IOL) (T-Artiflex; Ophtec BV) implantation for the correction of myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included 312 eyes of 312 patients who had phakic IOL implantation for myopic astigmatism. Two groups were defined: 205 eyes that underwent T-ICL implantation and 107 eyes that underwent T-Artiflex implantation. Safety, efficacy, and predictability outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. Refractive and corneal astigmatic vector analysis were performed using the Alpins method.

RESULTS:

One year postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.05 ± 0.18 (T-ICL) and 0.10 ± 0.16 (T-Artiflex) logMAR, with efficacy indexes of 1.16 ± 0.27 and 1.05 ± 0.31, respectively (
P
< .001). Safety indexes were 1.28 ± 0.30 and 1.21 ± 0.31, respectively (
P
= .04). Spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 diopters (D) of emmetropia in 165 (80.5%) and 88 (82.2%) eyes, respectively. Refractive astigmatic analysis showed an index of success of 0.28 ± 0.33 (T-ICL) and 0.31 ± 0.26 (T-Artiflex) (
P
= .07). Surgically induced corneal astigmatism was 0.48 ± 0.74 and 0.81 ± 0.61 D, respectively (
P
< .001). Mean endothelial loss was 1.11% and 2.05%, respectively (
P
= .42). Six (2.9%) eyes in the T-ICL group and 1 (0.9%) eye in the T-Artiflex group had phakic IOL repositioning due to significant misalignment. No vision-threatening complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both the T-ICL and T-Artiflex groups showed high visual and refractive efficacy with a good safety profile for the correction of myopic astigmatism. T-ICL implantation demonstrated significantly better efficacy and safety indexes after 12 months. Vector analysis showed similar refractive astigmatic correction in both groups, but T-Artiflex implantation revealed higher surgically induced corneal astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(6):339–347.]
Study of Clinical Phenotypes and its Outcomes in Patients of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vishwanath , Suhail K. Mohammed , Raj Madhu P. , Basu Eilene , Mohammed Aslam S. Shaikh , Kumar Selva 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
The world has witnessed a surge of COVID-19 cases since the first case was reported in 2018 December, and despite the large number of cases seen across the world, there are still many gaps in the understanding of the course of the disease in different people. Several scoring systems and early warning signs have been developed to prognosticate the disease process. Clustering the patients into specific clinical phenotypes is one such strategy. In this study, we have clustered the COVID-19 patients using different variables into phenotypes and studied the outcome based on this classification.

Aim and Objectives:
To derive clinical phenotypes based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients and look at the efficiency of the phenotypes as a model for predicting course of disease.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study on COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in South India between July 2020 and October 2020 was conducted. Nine hundred and eighty-seven subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled.

Results:
Three clinical phenotypes were derived using 43 independent variables which included epidemiological, symptomatology, comorbidities, and laboratory values. Of the 987 patients studied, patients could be clustered into three phenotypes named A, B, and C. There were 379 patients in phenotype A, 313 in phenotype B, and 295 were in phenotype C. Males predominated in phenotypes C and B, which was 218 patients (73.9%) and 204 (65.2%), respectively. Mild disease was predominant in phenotype A (89.2%) patients, followed by10.3% of moderate disease and 0.5% of severe COVID disease. In phenotype B, 93.3% of patients had mild disease and the rest 21 (61.7%) had moderate disease. In phenotype C, 177 (60%) patients had severe COVID disease. Mortality was seen in phenotype C (23.1%).

Conclusions:
It can be inferred that among the phenotypes, the hyperinflammatory group was phenotype C. The independent predictive association of each variable such as age, male gender, and comorbidity is an important factor in determining the outcome but, because of the varied distribution of the multiple variables in each patient, it is not possible to consider each of these values independently and deduce the outcome, hence phenotypes which cluster the patients based on all these variables are associated with predictable outcomes The phenotypes thus can be implicated as a tool to aid in clinical management of COVID-19.
Ten years experience in surgical management of congenital lung malformations
Authors: Ogunleye Ezekiel , Olusoji Olugbenga , Fajolu Ireti , Iwuchukwu Peter 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Congenital lung malformations are very rare lung lesions caused by abnormal lung development occurring at different stages of intrauterine life. They are a spectrum of congenital malformations involving the trachea-bronchial tree, pulmonary parenchyma, and the blood vessels. They are a family of pulmonary lesions that include congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestrations, bronchogenic cysts (BC), and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). The aim of the study is to determine the pattern of congenital malformation of the lungs and the outcomes of treatment in Lagos.

Methods:
This is a prospective study of all patients with congenital lung malformations referred to our center in the period between January 2011 and December 2020. All pediatric cases were diagnosed by the pediatricians in our center and confirmed with chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The adult cases were equally confirmed with a chest CT scan. The lesions encountered in this study include BC, CPAM, bronchopulmonary sequestrations, lung hypoplasia (LH), CLE, and pulmonary arterio-venous malformations. Data collected include biodata, type of malformation, mode of management (surgery), and postoperative outcome and were analyzed as percentages and mean.

Results:
A total of 18 patients who were diagnosed with congenital lung malformations were recruited into this study. The congenital malformations included CLE, CPAM, BC, lung sequestration, LH, and arterio-venous malformation of the lung. Children accounted for 78% (13) of the population, while the adult population was 28%.(5) The neonates constituted 22% (4) with a mean age of 7.5 ± 5.1, whilst the older children made up 50%, with a mean age of 18.8 ± 10.7 months. The mean age of the adult population was 39 ± 15 years. Seventeen (94.41) had surgery, whilst one opted for continued medical surveillance. Two patients died from postoperative respiratory failure.

Conclusion:
Congenital lung malformations, though rare, are a heterogeneous group of diseases with presentation, ranging from neonatal respiratory distress to asymptomatic presentation in the adult. The mainstay of management remains surgery with a reasonably good outcome.
Automation and Digitalization of Business Processes – New Challenges Arising, Inter Alia, from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Blahušiaková Miriama 
Published: June 2022

The scientific and technical progress is unstoppable. Information technologies have an impact on every spheres of social life, including accounting. The automation of business processes is a common part of business and accounting practice. Manual, regularly occurring transactions, which are made by accountants nowadays, are gradually being replaced by information technologies and automatic robotic systems. The accounting entities fully use cloud storages, artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, etc. It is even assumed that some professions, due to robotization and automation of business processes, will gradually disappear within a few decades. The digitalization and automation of business processes have recently been accelerated in many cases by the crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on the assessment of the level of automation in different types of accounting entities, with an accent on automation in accounting practice, as well as on new challenges arising from it, many of which are the result of measures taken in the last two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
LSOP: Layer-Scaled One-shot Pruning
Authors: Wang Oliver , Dovrolis Constantine , Lee Jaeho 
Published: June 2022

Neural network pruning is a technique that removes unnecessary weight parameters from a network to decrease its memory and computational requirements. Many different pruning techniques have been proposed to reduce networks with over 90% shrinkage in size while minimizing accuracy loss. This paper aims to establish a framework that can generalize the mechanism among various pruning techniques, which can be used to guide users to design better deep pruning methods in the future. With some basic concepts and findings from data matrix approximation, the framework can explain the success of the state-of-the-art methods as well as a more generalized pruning design (Layer-Scaled One-shot Pruning, LSOP) proposed in this work. After pruning with different algorithms and measuring their accuracies, the researcher also found that those methods or algorithms aligned with the proposed framework were more accurate at sparser networks (density < 10%) than the methods that did not. This suggests that future research into neural network pruning can focus on the proposed framework, which has the potential to accelerate the development of pruning technology and adoption of more efficient neural networks.

The LSOP framework’s capability to explain strong pruning performances implies that polynomial decay and Low-Rank Matrix Approximation techniques from the field of data science can provide support for neural network pruning.
ANALYSIS OF CAESAREAN SECTION RATE ACCORDING TO ROBSON CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.
Authors: Fatima Syeda Sitwat , Zeb Laila , Shafqat Tanveer , Qazi Qudsia 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The World Health Organization, recommends the Robson Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates at both national and international levels. This study was aimed to analyze CS rate in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology MTI, LRH, Peshawar; according to RTGCS. This will help understand the major contributory groups to the overall CS rate and to formulate strategies to optimize the escalating rates.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study for a period of 1 year from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021 was conducted at a tertiary care hospital located in the capital city of KPK Province, Pakistan. Women (n=7376) who delivered during the study period, fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. All relevant obstetric information was entered into a structured proforma. The study population was classified into Robson 10 groups and percentages were calculated for the overall CS rate, the representation of groups and contributions of the each group to the total CS rate.
Findings: A total of 7376 deliveries were analyzed as per RTGCS. Of these 1679 (22.76%) were caesarean sections. According to the criteria used, Group I & III represented more than half (53.75%) of the obstetric population. The major contributor to the overall CS rate was group V (Previous caesarean delivery, single, cephalic > or equal to 37weeks), followed by group I (Nulliparous, single, cephalic > or equal to 37 weeks, in spontaneous labour), group X (All singleton, cephalic, < 37 weeks gestation pregnancies-including previous CS) and group III.
Conclusion: The implementation of RTGCS at MTI, LRH, Peshawar helped to identify the contribution of each group to the overall CS rate. Group V was the leading contributor to the overall CS rate. This study also revealed a high rate of CS among low risk groups i.e. group I and III.
Recommendations: Current study can be used to compare results among the institutions at provincial and national levels to design uniform policies throughout the Pakistan to optimize CS rate. Furthermore, education for both pregnant women and obstetricians is required to encourage and promote ECV and VBAC to avoid repeat Caesarean sections. Moreover, the instrumental vaginal delivery should be encouraged where clinically indicated and justified
TÉCNICAS DE ESCOVAÇÃO DENTÁRIA
Authors: Basso Bruna dos Santos , Serigioli Cristiane Rodrigues Costa , Souza Karen de Oliveira , Lima Erika Barbosa , Prado Fabíola Stahlke , Gomes de Sá André Tomazini , Moura Sandra Kiss , Christina Simões Tania 
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A remoção mecânica do biofilme das superfícies dentárias pela escovação, associada ao uso do fio dental, deve ser individualizada para cada paciente a fim de manter a saúde bucal. Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre técnicas de escovação dentária, identificar e descrever as técnicas encontradas conforme a condição de saúde bucal, diferenciar o seu passo a passo de execução e apresentar os dados em quadro sinóptico. Metodologia: A estratégia de busca usou os descritores “higiene bucal” ou "escovação dentária" e "técnicas" em três bases de dados. A pesquisa recrutou artigos dos últimos vinte anos publicados em português e disponíveis na internet com o texto completo. Os critérios de inclusão observados foram: objetivo e indicação da técnica de escovação; posição, inclinação e sentido das cerdas da escova; tipo e duração do movimento da escova. Resultados: Quarenta e oito artigos foram encontrados, mas apenas dois descreveram a técnica de escovação dentária. Na análise exploratória foram incluídos vinte e um documentos técnicos. Na análise descritiva vinte e três documentos foram analisados, mas dois foram excluídos por não atenderem o mínimo de três critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Houve divergência nas informações encontradas na literatura, possivelmente pela escassez de documento técnico sobre o assunto, sendo necessário mais estudos que reforcem a importância, a indicação e o modo de realização das técnicas de escovação dentária.
AROMATERAPIA COMO MÉTODO NÃO INVASIVO PARA ALÍVIO DA DOR DURANTE O TRABALHO DE PARTO: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Lais de Sousa Silva Jessianne , Araújo Miura Thatyani de , Leite de Araújo Loiola Batista Nancy Nay , Rodrigues de Sousa Marah Christini , Dos Santos Brasil Silva Laide , Martins Castelo Branco Jullyan Sttefanny 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas sobre a utilização da aromaterapia para o alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo ou scoping review, oito estudos analisados, buscas em plataformas online de pesquisa Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e PUBMED, com intervalo de ano de publicação entre 2017 e 2022, considerados estudos qualitativos e quantitativos, com questão norteadora: “Quais os principais óleos essenciais utilizados para alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto?”. Resultados: Diversos óleos essenciais foram citados, bem como suas diversas formas de aplicação, entre os prevalecentes: lavanda, rosa, rosa damascena, jasmim e cítricos. Sobressai a eficácia comprovada da aromaterapia através de óleos essenciais, pois sua utilização traz maior satisfação para as mulheres em processo de parto, proporcionando o alívio da dor durante esse momento, a diminuição da ansiedade e de fatores estressantes, aumentando o relaxamento e o bem-estar. Conclusão: A aromaterapia é um método não-farmacológico, de baixo custo e não invasivo. Os óleos essenciais têm potencial complementar e alternativo no alívio da dor e ansiedade durante o trabalho de parto.
Immune System Response after Immobilization Stress in the Background of Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Ilderbayev Oralbek , Zharmakhanova Gulmira , Rakhyzhanova Saule , Musaynova Assem , Ilderbayeva Gulzhan , Nursafina Akmaral , Zhazykbayeva Lashyn 
Published: June 2022

We studied the combined effect of gamma radiation (6 Gy, remote period) and immobilization stress on immunological reactivity. Materials and methods. To address this, we carried out experiments on 40 white male Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 g, which were divided into 4 groups: Group I - intact animals, group II - animals exposed to gamma radiation (dose of 6 Gy), group III - animals exposed to immobilization stress and group IV - animals exposed to combined exposure to gamma radiation (dose of 6 Gy) and immobilization stress. Animals in groups II and IV were irradiated 90 days before the study on the TERAGAM radiotherapeutic cobalt unit. In groups III and IV, animals were modeled for acute immobilization stress by immobilization for 6 h in bright light. Results. At the early period of immobilization stress, all indicators of the immune system, such as cellular, humoral and nonspecific phagocytic links of immunity were activated, indicating the activation of the general adaptive syndrome of the organism. The suppressive action of gamma radiation on the immune system was preserved in a remote period, with this suppression being revealed not only on the T-cellular link, but also on nonspecific phagocytic links, and the functional metabolic activity of neutrophils. In the remote period after the combined effect of sublethal gamma radiation and immobilization stress in the early stage of the adaptation syndrome, there was a decrease in all cells of the T system of immunity, in the functional ability of leukocytes, and in the mononuclear phagocytic system of the body. The experimental immobilization-radiation pathological process was accompanied by disorders of the functional activity of the essential adaptive systems of the body. Based on our results, we could conclude about the dominant role of ionizing radiation in immunological reactivity.
HIGHLIGHTS

At an early stage, after exposure to stress, the general adaptation syndrome is activated in the body
The suppressive effect of gamma radiation on the immune status and phagocytic activity persists in the long term
The pathological process that occurs under the combined effects of radiation and immobilization stress is accompanied by a violation of the functional activity of the most important adaptive systems of the body
Under the combined influence of radiation and non-radiation factors, the radiation factor has a predominant influence

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Sinovac vaccination and the course of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients in Turkey
Authors: Delen Leman Acun , Örtekus Mesut 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
The Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher transmission rate than the first variant identified. The efficacy of vaccines is affected by the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

OBJECTIVE:
Investigate the relationship of vaccination and virus variant on the course of the disease in patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, cohort study

SETTING:
Tertiary health institution

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included patients older than the age of 18 years who were hospitalized in a COVID-19 service or the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between 1 January 2021 and 30 April 2021. Demographic characteristics, vaccination and the Alpha virus variant status, comorbidities, and information about hospitalization were obtained from the hospital automation system and patient files.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Vaccination rate and relationship with course of disease.

SAMPLE SIZE:
608

RESULTS:

Most of the patients (n=482, 79.3%) were admitted to the COVID-19 service. More of the COVID-19 service patients had the Alpha variant than the patients admitted to ICU (
P
<.009). The Alpha variant was also more common in younger patients (
P
<.001). There was no relationship between the Alpha virus and comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Mortality was lower in the patients who had received a second dose of the Sinovac vaccine (
P
=.004) compared with unvaccinated patients.

CONCLUSION:
Although the Alpha variant spreads faster, it has a milder course. If only the Sinovac vaccine is available, we recommend that the two doses of the Sinovac vaccine be administered.

LIMITATIONS:
Our study is single-center and did not include pregnant and pediatric patients.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Spinal anesthesia versus combined sciatic nerve/lumbar plexus nerve block in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Kaçmaz Mustafa , Turhan Zeynep Yuksel 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
The most important cause of mortality due to long bone fractures in the elderly patients are femoral fractures that require total hip arthroplasty (THA). THA surgeries may cause severe postoperative pain, long hospital stays, a need for transfusion and mortality.

OBJECTIVE:
Compare outcomes of spinal anesthesia (SA) versus combined sciatic nerve/lumbar plexus block (CSLPB).

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort trıal.

SETTING:
University hospital in Turkey.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We selected patients from the electronic medical records by date of surgery (most recent first) and compared demographic and pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics including the amount of opioid use within the first 48 postoperative hours, 30-day mortality rates, length of hospital stay, intraoperative oxygen saturation (SpO
2
) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values, duration of the surgery, and blood transfusion need.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Opioid use within the first 48 postoperative hours.

SAMPLE SIZE:
204, 102 patients in each group with overall median (IQR) age of 82 (10.2) years.

RESULTS:

There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of opioid use within the postoperative 48 hours, 30-day mortality rates, intensive care need, duration of the surgery, blood transfusion need, and length of hospital stay. While the intraoperative SpO
2
value was lower in the CSLPB group (
P
=.03), MAP values were lower in the SA group (
P
=.046). Preoperative American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) scores (
P
=.039) and the number of comorbidities were higher in the CSLPB group.

CONCLUSION:
We prefer CSLPB used with standardized sedation protocols for anesthesia in THA surgery in elderly patients.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design and single-centered.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.