bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing the Black Experience
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In establishing context, this chapter examines the ways in which the system of enslavement continues to influence economic and well-being outcomes for black Atlantans. Events covered include the emergence of “Sweet Auburn Avenue,” the death of Booker T. Washington, and the elevation of DuBois as the leading voice of the black community. Consequential national events were the WWII, Great Depression, FDR’s New Deal and push-back from Georgia officials against on progressive reforms of the FDR administration intended to improve the conditions of blacks. The School moved forward under the directorships of E. Franklin Frazier and Forrester B. Washington, both of whom brought a strong black perspective to curriculum development.
Enduring Legacy of Whitney M. Young Jr.
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter overviews the life of Whitney M. Young Jr. from his early years in Kentucky to the time of his accidental downing death in Lagos, Nigeria. The content covers his early experience with the Urban League as a social work student and administrator, his contributions to social work education as dean of the Atlanta University School of Social Work, and his work as Director of the National Urban League and member of “Big Six” of the Civil Rights movement who planned the March on Washington. The chapter details his rise to international acclaim as a civil rights leader and presidential advisor.
Entering into the Millennium and Beyond
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the 1988 consolidation that brought the BSW program that had been housed at Clark College to the School, and the 1983 addition of the PhD program, the School now awarded the social work degree at all levels of the BSW, MSW, and PhD. Curriculum renewal during this period saw a shift from a from the generalist approach to the advanced clinical concentration, becoming again like all other schools of social work, a change that was influenced as much by the Council on Social Work Education’s reaffirmation requirements as by professional trends favoring micro practice. The “Republican Revolution” and the enactment of 1996 welfare reform bill resulted in the abandonment of the safety net philosophy, even as poverty rates soared upward. The aftermath of the election of America’s first African American president dispelled then myth of America as a post racial society, with resurgence of hate groups operating under a banner of white nationalism and white supremacy.
This Happy, Free, and Flourishing Country
Authors: Morales R. Isabela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Edmund Townsend, his brother Samuel, and other relatives migrated from Virginia to northern Alabama in the early 1800s, among the first white settlers to occupy land ceded by and seized from Native American tribes. The brothers purchased vast swathes of land for cotton cultivation and participated in the domestic slave trade by buying large numbers of enslaved people and relocating them west to Alabama. Both Edmund and Samuel sexually exploited the enslaved women they owned, fathering enslaved, mixed-race children who were legally their property. As their wealth grew and they became members of the slave-owning elite, the Townsend brothers witnessed and participated in Alabama’s transformation from the country’s western frontier to its Cotton Kingdom.
Pedagogy
Authors: Bowman Judith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes teaching roles, signature pedagogies, and the pedagogical challenges of online teaching. It lists some basic teaching competencies and preferred attributes as found in the literature. It aligns those competencies and attributes with the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and the Community of Inquiry theoretical framework. It suggests that instructors focus on those general principles on the basis that such principles can generate actions appropriate to any teaching situation, including online instruction. It explains the concept of signature pedagogies with their surface, deep, and implicit structures and describes their application in the arts, in the music disciplines, and in online instruction. Among pedagogical challenges, it cites compliance with accreditation standards and active engagement online. It describes some active learning techniques that can be successful online and ways to modify content and pedagogical techniques for the online environment.
Music Education
Authors: Bowman Judith 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes issues related to teaching music education online and presents experiences with various types of online music education instruction in narratives provided by professors teaching music education online. It provides background on the development of the music education profession and its pedagogy at undergraduate and graduate levels, including a significant symposium on the future of music education with implications for online instruction. It describes the nature of music education studies at undergraduate and graduate levels and explains the signature pedagogies relevant to those levels. It reviews the state of the practice, including influential publications on undergraduate and graduate music education, and the status of online music education as reported in two national surveys and individual research reports. It features three professors who describe their online teaching experiences: master of music degree online, music education master’s programs and online Community Music Graduate Certificate, and virtual mentoring of preservice music teachers. Each professor offers suggestions for prospective online music education teachers, and the chapter concludes with some lessons drawn from the field.
Marine Le Pen and the Ethnic Stream of French Nationalism
Authors: Schertzer Robert , Woods Eric Taylor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the relative success of Marine Le Pen in the 2017 French presidential election, where she secured the highest-ever level of support for the National Front, a far-right, ethnic nationalist party. How did Le Pen do so well in the archetypal civic nation? To help understand this outcome, this chapter examines the foundations of ethnic nationalism in French history. It traces how, over time, a series of foundational ethnic myths and symbols were institutionalized to become a core element of French political culture. It then analyzes the content of all of Marine Le Pen’s tweets during the 2017 campaign to show how she tapped into this tradition of French political culture. It is argued that Le Pen’s use of these myths and symbols was central to her support among the white majority in France.
Classical Projections
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Classical Projections theorizes a new term, “film quotation,” for the medium-specific repurposing, re-framing, and re-viewing of preexisting films within subsequent films. As a visual corollary to literary quotation, film quotation embeds film fragments within on-screen televisions, movie theaters, and computer screens. Quotation accesses the way the humanities make meaning; the pull-quote, epigraph, and quotation are standard for citing evidence, invoking authority, or interrogating literary and scholarly writing. Film studies has yet to seriously examine how film quotations convene interaction and create new knowledge across time. Classical Projections focuses on film quotations of classical Hollywood film—mainstream American studio production, 1915–1950—as quoted in post-classical Hollywood, roughly 1960 to present. Though film quotation has been used since early silent cinema, this strategic historical frame asks, How does post-classical cinema visualize its own “belatedness,” its awareness of coming after a “classical” or “golden age”? How do post-classical filmmakers claim or disavow classical history? How do historically disenfranchised post-classical filmmakers, whether marginalized by gender, sexuality, or race, grapple with exclusionary and stereotype-ridden canons? As a constitutive element of post-classical authorship, film quotations amass and manufacture “classical” Hollywood in retrospective, highly strategic ways. Considering both archival quotations and “created-quotations,” which are fabricated by the quoting filmmakers, uncovers the images, voices, and fragments of the “classical” canon that either never existed, were never preserved, were mired in caricature, or that classical Hollywood could not “image/imagine.” By revealing how quotational tellings of film history build and embolden exclusionary, myopic canons, Classical Projections uncovers opportunities to construct more capacious cultural memory.
Film Quotation and the Oppositional Gaze
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 considers how Julie Dash’s Illusions (1982), Cheryl Dunye’s The Watermelon Woman (1996), and Spike Lee’s Bamboozled (2000) intervene in conventional, oversimplified accounts of mainstream American film history through Black film quotational authorship. Dash and Dunye create quotations, shooting footage that masquerades as “indexical” Hollywood creation, to prove the need for invention in an industry based on exclusion, excision, and marginalization of the racial and gendered Other. Lee responds to the same stereotype-ridden classical canon differently. Rather than inventing in the absences, Bamboozled collects blackface minstrelsy artifacts, re-animates blackface performance, and demonstrates stereotype’s toxic power, as his satire film turns to horror. All three filmmakers operationalize what bell hooks calls “the oppositional gaze” in film quotation, to rethink not only Hollywood past and present, but also Black film authorship through their emphatic “writing” with quotation.
Film Quotation and Visual Sovereignty
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 reframes quotations as physical and visual spaces that negotiate power, control, and sovereignty. Considering classical Western genre quotations staged for spectating Native American characters, I borrow “visual sovereignty” from Joanne Barker (Lenape) and Michelle Raheja (Seneca) to center Native Americans’ unique cultural geographies, identities, and self-determination. Reading quotations as visually sovereign spaces, this chapter asks, How might classical Hollywood quotation cede representational ground to Native American perspectives and politics? How can film quotation support decolonization and Indigenous sovereignty? And when does quotation replicate political and cultural domination? The chapter centers three films adapted from literature: Powwow Highway (Jonathan Wacks, 1989), The Indian in the Cupboard (Frank Oz, 1995), and in critical opposition, Thomas King’s I Am Not the Indian You Had in Mind (2007). The last named most successfully achieves Native American visual sovereignty from within the colonial, classical archive, ultimately destabilizing anti-Indigenous representational landmarks.
Cinephilic Pilgrimage and Authorial Scandal
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 returns to the white male mainstream during the #MeToo movements. The chapter begins by examining the “coincidence” of Ronan Farrow as both lead investigative journalist reporting the Harvey Weinstein scandal and as Woody Allen’s son. Imbricating the Weinstein reporting with Allen’s earlier scandal reframes Allen’s The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) and Manhattan Murder Mystery (1993) and occasions comparison with Quentin Tarantino’s first post-Weinstein film Once upon a Time . . . in Hollywood (2019), which fictionalizes part of Roman Polanski’s life, another “scandalous auteur.”. Purple Rose, Manhattan Murder, and Once upon a Time each dramatize absorptive/absorbing spectatorship on-screen, as characters physically or visually inhabit embedded quotations. These shared quotational passages into film quotations answer #MeToo rhetoric about whether “great artists” can be separated from their artwork. While undergoing extratextual revaluation, Allen and Tarantino insert themselves and their characters into quotations, archives, and histories, as though to prevent spectators from totally divorcing their films from their authorship.
Trickles of Money, Floods of Children
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter situates the 1974/1975 child allowance [Kindergeld] reform within the history of migration. During the period of labor recruitment, guest workers received the same amount of child allowance no matter where their children lived. Then, in 1975, the state introduced a two-tiered system whereby the amount of child allowance depended on whether the child resided in the European Economic Community. The reform shaped ideas about the meaning of family migration after the labor recruitment stop in 1973. Migrants criticized the reform as the most recent example of the state’s failure to provide for their reproductive needs. Meanwhile, the state depicted foreign parents as irresponsible “welfare migrants” who disregarded their children’s need for stability in pursuit of higher child allowance payouts. The reform laid the groundwork for a persistent view of child migration as a threat, driven by parental desire for economic gain rather than love and intimacy.
Marriage, Deportation, and the Politics of Vulnerability
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the debate about marriage migration in the 1980s. Politicians who wanted to restrict marriage migration described foreign families as pathologically patriarchal and inherently oppressive toward women and children. Why, it was asked, should the state encourage the unity of a family that abused its weakest members? Ironically, the new restrictions introduced tended to reinforce familial dependency by restricting spousal access to work permits and to an independent resident status. The chapter also analyzes anti-deportation activism in both migrant and binational families, with a particular focus on the history of the Association of Women Married to Foreigners, founded in 1972. Their anti-deportation appeals tended to be most successful when women called on the German state to protect them from their male family members and their oppressive homelands, using their perceived vulnerability to appeal to the state’s paternalism and preconceived notions about the “foreign” family.
Conclusion
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The conclusion takes the debate over “family migration” into the struggle over refugee admissions that took place between 2015 and 2018. In this period, the FRG initially suspended family reunification for the more than 125,000 Syrian asylum seekers granted subsidiary protection. The conclusion connects debates about whether to allow Syrian asylum seekers access to family reunification to earlier debates about family reunification for guest workers and their family members. Twenty-first-century debates about the role of the family in integration, sexual morality, economic utility, and child welfare still reflect the patterns formed in the postwar period.
The Sea and Cyberspace
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter integrates insights from the historical chapters into the conceptualization for the different actors. It compares the sea between the late 16th and mid-19th centuries and cyberspace and finds many shared characteristics of insecurity. Whilst the differences do not alter the fundamental structure of insecurity, they change the assessment of the expected speed of interaction, the range of policy solutions, as well as the stability of insecurity reproduced across time. It argues for the late 16th and late 17th centuries as the closest approximations to current trends. The chapter discusses the spectrum of state proximity, clarifying the differing types of relationships of the actors with the state and amongst one another and reports on the results of the interactive macro-historical focuses outlined in Chapter 2: narratives of piracy, the evolution of interests in privateering, longevity and path dependency, the evolution of mercantile companies, and the abolition of privateering.
Cyber Mercantile Companies
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how the role the mercantile companies played in the early modern system can provide a better understanding of today’s large technology companies’ roles and their relationships to the analogical cyber navies, privateers, and pirates. It argues that the mercantile company lens improves understanding of how cooperative and conflictive relations to states, as well as practices of self-protection, influence cyber(in-)security. By doing so, the chapter further refines understanding of the role companies play in providing cyber(in-)security. The argument is developed three ways: one focus is on the protection of a company’s assets from threats propagated through cyberspace, raising questions such as the protection supplied by the state and private hack-back. A second area of comparison is the competition for skilled personnel between mercantile companies and states. Finally, this chapter analyses the overlapping interest between states and mercantile companies in the pursuit of their business, with a particular focus on signals intelligence.
Relationships 5.0 and the Cognitive Revolution
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses the cognitive revolution, looking at the evolution of artificial intelligence and recent developments in the field. Having some type of a relationship with AI is not necessarily down to technological capability, but rather to social norms and public acceptance. In other fields besides relationships, statistics show that people are still uneasy with AI. Future generations, who will be more exposed to AI technological achievements and applications, will be far more open toward connecting with these technologies. The trend is clear: the cognitive revolution is on track on both sides of the demand/supply equation. On the supply side, AI chatbots are becoming more sophisticated. New improvements to their algorithms, more massive databases, novel functionalities, and more powerful computation engines make human-AI interactions more natural. On the demand side, certain populations are becoming more open to such technologies.
Relationships 5.0 and the Sensorial Revolution
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the sensorial revolution, presenting current and future developments of extended reality (XR) technologies, usually referred to as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). It is clear that though XR technologies are creating environments that people want to use, many still do not feel completely comfortable with the relationships engendered by this technology. First, there are claims against how “real” these technologies are and how much they are capable of creating truly satisfying interactions. Second, many people fear that using XR will reduce their conversational skills. Despite the fears many still hold, these technologies help many overcome anxieties, traumas, and depression, to name just a few. Virtual avatars also act as benevolent therapists, companions, and even lovers.
Looking Ahead—Policy, Ethics, and Guidelines for Relationships 5.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the ethics of emerging technologies, considering the questions these technologies raise. One can think of three major types of problems being faced in the age of Relationships 5.0: problems on “their” side, the in-between, and “our” side. The first type of problems concerns how artificial beings are designed and whether there are biases encoded therein. The second type regards humans’ interaction with artificial beings, such as privacy: how they keep secrets. The third type is about humans and what they go through when they make connections with artificial beings. Technological progress does not necessarily need to be banned, if that is possible at all, but there is the choice to prepare for such a reality by thinking about these problems. Humans can set guidelines and prepare solutions for these problems instead of shutting their eyes and letting the revolutions come. In this way, society will be ready for Relationships 5.0.
Media, the Mind, and the Reenactment of the Enemy
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When considering any major political foes—or the other, the term used throughout this book—in the recent history of the world, probably the Soviet Union and its official successor, Russia, on the one hand, and the West, with the United States being the predominant influence, on the other hand, come to the forefront of the discussion. The chapter provides an overview of the seven political events that were the focus of the investigation detailed in this book: the Olympic Games in Sochi, the takeover of Crimea, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, the downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, the proxy war in Syria, the 2016 US presidential election, and the poisoning of the Skripals. Then it discusses how the media collection/media analyses and the empirical part of the study were conducted. It also provides detailed demographic background information on the participants in the study.
How the Mind Constructs a Memory of Recent Political Events
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The question addressed in this chapter is how the minds of individuals in Russia and the United States constructed their memory of recent political events and whether the producers’ efforts to portray the stories in such a way that they are consumed by people as believable and accurate were successful. Also, it discusses how the stereotypes existent in the sociocognitive constructs of each group contribute to the reconstruction and reenactment of the other. First, the chapter presents empirical findings related to each of the seven events analyzed in the book, and then it discusses more general issues revealed through the analysis of the survey data.
Discourse on the One God (Yishen lun一‎神‎論‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo 
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F.	“Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)