bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep personal relationships and well‐being: A response to Hooker
Authors: Crisp Roger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is a response to Brad Hooker's “Does having deep personal relationships constitute an element of well‐being?” (2021). The paper begins with a discussion of the implications of disagreement about such issues. After raising some general questions for Hooker's account, the paper turns to the key elements in a deep personal relationship, according to Hooker: multi‐faceted understanding, and strong affection. The issue of impartiality is discussed, and it is claimed that Hooker's account is consistent with morality's being impartial. Some possible interpretations of Hooker's overall project are offered, and the paper ends with a discussion of Hooker's suggestions that the affection in valuable personal relationships must be merited.
Risk assessment of human cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplantation: Insight into CD4+ T cell subsets
Authors: Hassanzadeh Yashgin , Yaghobi Ramin , Pakzad Parviz , Geramizadeh Bita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant risk factor for post‐transplant viral infections in organ transplantation, affecting allograft outcomes. Most current methods attempt to predict HCMV viremia or disease by monitoring virus‐specific T cell immunity. This approach may support physicians in limiting treatment toxicity, overmedication, and cost. T cells play an essential role in acquired immunity for stable and long‐term protection against viruses. As a component of cell‐mediated immunity, heterogeneous CD4+ T cells orchestrate immune responses by involving their different subsets, including T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, T follicular helper (Tfh), and T regulatory (Treg). HCMV affects the frequency and phenotype of CD4+ T cells, changing the composition of their subsets during different infection stages. Hypothetically, defining a panel of HCMV‐specific CD4+ T cell subsets and investigating their profile may help classify at‐risk patients. The early detection could be followed by a personalized treatment. This review discusses the frequency changes of CD4+ T cell subsets post‐transplant and their predictive value during HCMV infection.
Kappa opioids inhibit the GABA/glycine terminals of rostral ventromedial medulla projections in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Authors: Otsu Yo , Aubrey Karin R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDescending projections from neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) make synapses within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord that are involved in the modulation of nociception, the development of chronic pain and itch, and an important analgesic target for opioids. This projection is primarily inhibitory, but the relative contribution of GABAergic and glycinergic transmission is unknown and there is limited knowledge about the SDH neurons targeted. Additionally, the details of how spinal opioids mediate analgesia remain unclear, and no study has investigated the opioid modulation of this synapse. We address this using ex vivo optogenetic stimulation of RVM fibres in conjunction with whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from the SDH in spinal cord slices. We demonstrate that both GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission is employed and show that SDH target neurons have diverse morphological and electrical properties, consistent with both inhibitory and excitatory interneurons. Then, we describe a subtype of SDH neurons that has a glycine‐dominant input, indicating that the quality of descending inhibition across cells is not uniform. Finally, we discovered that the kappa‐opioid receptor agonist U69593 presynaptically suppressed most RVM‐SDH synapses. By contrast, the mu‐opioid receptor agonist DAMGO acted both pre‐ and postsynaptically at a subset of synapses, and the delta‐opioid receptor agonist deltorphin II had little effect. These data provide important mechanistic information about a descending control pathway that regulates spinal circuits. This information is necessary to understand how sensory inputs are shaped and develop more reliable and effective alternatives to current opioid analgesics.
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On Cyclotron-Based Production of Gallium-68 Isotope: A Computational Benchmark for the Production Yield & Shielding Considerations
Authors: Salas-Tapia Luis Fernando , Zhang Tian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gallium-68 (68Ga) has played a relevant role for the novel studies in the nuclear medicine area. Its production has been made traditionally and initially using 68Ge/68Ga generators. These devices represent some flaws, namely, high costs, low activity per elution, and long-time waiting between elutions. In order to address these concerns, the cyclotron-based production of 68Ga has been recently investigated and has shown promising outcomes regarding the activity at the end of bombardment for both solid and liquid targets. Currently, the use of computational codes and theoretical calculations takes relevance when it comes to calculating relevant nuclear physics quantities such as the production yield and the ambient dose rate. These outcomes are important for having a proper understanding of all the reactions involved during an irradiation routine with protons on a target. In this work, we used important cad-based programs, Monte Carlo codes, and a deterministic calculator with the objective of making a full benchmark with a previous experimental research. We also calculated the shielding requirements for this kind of isotope production facility. The proposed shielding materials and their respective thickness showed to be sufficient to avoid high ambient dose rates outside the machine. For the production yield, we found out that a hybrid combination of Monte Carlo codes and subsequently a computation with a deterministic calculator gave us more precise results for the irradiation conditions considered here.
Ductile Tearing or Plastic Collapse?
Authors: Gilles Ph. , Marques Viera E. , Ancelet O. , Le Delliou P. , Le Grasse Th. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ductile fracture is characterized by a large amount of deformation. Two mechanisms may lead to ductile failure: local tearing may appear in front of a stress concentration region like a crack front or large geometry changes in a weak part of the structure can induce global collapse of the structure. For large cracks such as those considered in Leak Before Break studies, tearing analyses and net-section collapse criteria have been used. The present paper examines the link between these two mechanisms for a through-wall cracked pipe under bending and concludes that the transition from ductile tearing to collapse depends not only on material properties but also on geometrical parameters. The reference stress approach is a promising approach for predicting the transition, provided the transferability issue of j-resistance curve has been solved.
Supplemental Material: The Cretaceous-Paleogene contact in the Tornillo Group of Big Bend National Park, West Texas
Authors: Lehman T.M. , al. et 
Published: August 2022

<p>Table S1: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon data. Figure S1: Wetherill U-Pb concordia diagrams for detrital zircons. Figure S2: Wetherill U-Pb concordia diagrams for zircon standard reference materials. </p>
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Thermal history modeling techniques and interpretation strategies: Applications using HeFTy
Authors: Murray Kendra E. , Goddard Andrea L. Stevens , Abbey Alyssa L. , Wildman Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Advances in low-temperature thermochronology, and the wide range of geologic problems that it is used to investigate, have prompted the routine use of thermal history (time-temperature, tT) models to quantitatively explore and evaluate rock cooling ages. As a result, studies that investigate topics ranging from Proterozoic tectonics to Pleistocene erosion now commonly require a substantial numerical modeling effort that combines the empirical understanding of chronometer thermochemical behavior (kinetics) with independent knowledge or hypotheses about a study area's geologic history (geologic constraints). Although relatively user-friendly programs, such as HeFTy and QTQt, are available to facilitate thermal history modeling, there is a critical need to provide the geoscience community with more accessible entry points for using these tools. This contribution addresses this need by offering an explicit discussion of modeling strategies in the program HeFTy. Using both synthetic data and real examples, we illustrate the opportunities and limitations of thermal history modeling. We highlight the importance of testing the sensitivity of model results to model design choices and describe a strategy for classifying model results that we call the Path Family Approach. More broadly, we demonstrate how HeFTy can be used to build an intuitive understanding of the thermochronologic data types and model design strategies that are capable of discriminating among geologic hypotheses.
Why do people consent to receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations? A representative survey in Germany
Authors: Walach Harald , Ofner Michael , Ruof Viviane , Herbig Markus , Klement Rainer Johannes 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo answer the question: Why do people consent to being vaccinated with novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2?DesignRepresentative survey.SettingOnline panel.Participants1032 respondents of the general German population.MethodA representative survey among German citizens in November/December 2021 that resulted in 1032 complete responses on vaccination status, sociodemographic parameters and opinions about the COVID-19 situation.ResultsAlmost 83% of the respondents were vaccinated. The major motivation was fear of medical consequences of an infection and the wish to lead a normal life again. The major motivation to be not vaccinated was the fear of side effects and scepticism about long-term effectiveness and safety. Sixteen per cent of vaccinated respondents reported some serious side effect, while more than 30% reported health improvements, mostly due to the relief of psychological stress and social reintegration. We also validated a ‘Corona Orthodoxy Score—COS’ consisting of seven items reflecting opinions on COVID-19. The scale is reliable (alpha=0.76) and unidimensional. The COS was a highly significant predictor of vaccination status and readiness to be vaccinated in a multivariable logistic regression model. Those who were vaccinated were more likely to live in smaller households (OR=0.82, p=0.024), had a higher income (OR=1.27, p<0.001), a higher COS score (OR 1.4, p<0.0001) and used less alternative media (OR=0.44, p=0.0024) and scientific publications (OR=0.42, p=0.011) as information sources.ConclusionsThe major motives for being vaccinated are fear of medical symptoms and the wish to lead a normal life. Those not wanting to be vaccinated cite a lack of knowledge regarding long-term safety and side effects as reasons. This can likely only be overcome by careful and active long-term efficacy and safety monitoring.
SNAPTIMED study: does the Scottish and Newcastle Antiemetic Protocol achieve timely intervention and management from the emergency department to discharge for paracetamol poisoning?
Authors: Humphries Christopher , Roberts Georgina , Taheem Anjeli , Abdel Kader Hashem , Kidd Rebecca , Smith Jason 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to establish whether the modified 12-hour Scottish and Newcastle Antiemetic Protocol (SNAP) for paracetamol poisoning is associated with improvement in hospital length of stay (LoS), as well as to validate the performance of the protocol for the prevention of anaphylactoid reactions and total infusion duration.MethodsRetrospective chart review from 25 March 2019 to 25 September 2020. Patients aged 16 or older with a diagnosis of suspected or confirmed paracetamol overdose were included in the analysis if they received treatment for paracetamol poisoning, and the protocol used could be identified. Data were collected for LoS, number of extended treatment infusions used and evidence of anaphylactoid reaction.Results1167 records were assessed for eligibility, and 294 were included for analysis. Use of the SNAP was associated with a statistically significant reduction in LoS of −8.8 hours (95% CI −12.6 to −2.0), and a reduced risk of anaphylactoid reaction (Number Needed to Treat=10).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, use of the SNAP reduced the duration of inpatient admissions and rate of anaphylactoid reactions.
Multilevel approach to individual and organisational predictors of stress and fatigue among healthcare workers of a university hospital: a longitudinal study
Authors: Daouda Oumou Salama , Bun René Sosata , Ait Bouziad Karim , Miliani Katiuska , Essa-Eworo Anastasia , Espinasse Florence , Seytre Delphine , Casetta Anne , Nérome Simone , Nascimento Adelaide , Astagneau Pascal , Temime Laura , Hocine Mounia N 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of experiencing stress and fatigue due to the demands of their work within hospitals. Improving their physical and mental health and, in turn, the quality and safety of care requires considering factors at both individual and organisational/ward levels. Using a multicentre prospective cohort, this study aims to identify the individual and organisational predictors of stress and fatigue of HCWs in several wards from university hospitals.MethodsOur cohort consists of 695 HCWs from 32 hospital wards drawn at random within four volunteer hospital centres in Paris-area. Three-level longitudinal analyses, accounting for repeated measures (level 1) across participants (level 2) nested within wards (level 3) and adjusted for relevant fixed and time-varying confounders, were performed.ResultsAt baseline, the sample was composed by 384 registered nurses, 300 auxiliary nurses and 11 midwives. According to the three-level longitudinal models, some predictors were found in common for both stress and fatigue (low social support from supervisors, work overcommitment, sickness presenteeism and number of beds per ward). However, specific predictors for high level of stress (negative life events, low social support from colleagues and breaks frequently cancelled due to work overload) and fatigue (longer commuting duration, frequent use of interim staff in the ward) were also found.ConclusionOur results may help identify at-risk HCWs and wards, where interventions to reduce stress and fatigue should be focused. These interventions could include manager training to favour better staff support and overall safety culture of HCWs.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect access to condoms, chlamydia and HIV testing, and cervical cancer screening at a population level in Britain? (Natsal-COVID)
Authors: Dema Emily , Sonnenberg Pam , Gibbs Jo , Conolly Anne , Willis Malachi , Riddell Julie , Bosó Pérez Raquel , Copas Andrew J , Tanton Clare , Bonell Chris , Oeser Clarissa , Clifton Soazig , Unemo Magnus , Mercer Catherine H , Mitchell Kirstin R , Field Nigel 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate how differential access to key interventions to reduce STIs, HIV and their sequelae changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsBritish participants (18–59 years) completed a cross-sectional web survey 1 year (March–April 2021) after the initial lockdown in Britain. Quota-based sampling and weighting resulted in a quasi-representative population sample. We compared Natsal-COVID data with Natsal-3, a household-based probability sample cross-sectional survey (16–74 years) conducted in 2010–2012. Reported unmet need for condoms because of the pandemic and uptake of chlamydia testing/HIV testing/cervical cancer screening were analysed among sexually experienced participants (18–44 years) (n=3869, Natsal-COVID; n=8551, Natsal-3). ORs adjusted for age and other potential confounders describe associations with demographic and behavioural factors.ResultsIn 2021, 6.9% of women and 16.2% of men reported unmet need for condoms because of the pandemic. This was more likely among participants: aged 18–24 years, of black or black British ethnicity, and reporting same-sex sex (past 5 years) or one or more new relationships (past year). Chlamydia and HIV testing were more commonly reported by younger participants, those reporting condomless sex with new sexual partners and men reporting same-sex partners; a very similar distribution to 10 years previously (Natsal-3). However, there were differences during the pandemic, including stronger associations with chlamydia testing for men reporting same-sex partners; with HIV testing for women reporting new sexual partners and with cervical screening among smokers.ConclusionsOur study suggests differential access to key primary and secondary STI/HIV prevention interventions continued during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was not strong evidence that differential access has changed during the pandemic when compared with 2010–2012. While the pandemic might not have exacerbated inequalities in access to primary and secondary prevention, it is clear that large inequalities persisted, typically among those at greatest STI/HIV risk.
Improving detection of cerebral small vessel disease aetiology in patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Das Alvin S , Gokcal Elif , Regenhardt Robert W , Horn Mitchell J , Schwab Kristin , Daoud Nader , Viswanathan Anand , Kimberly W Taylor , Goldstein Joshua N , Biffi Alessandro , Rost Natalia , Rosand Jonathan , Schwamm Lee H , Greenberg Steven M , Gurol M Edip 
Published: August 2022

Background and purposeWe evaluate whether non-haemorrhagic imaging markers (NHIM) (white matter hyperintensity patterns, lacunes and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS)) can discriminate cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) from hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (HTN-cSVD) among patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (isolated-LICH).MethodsIn patients with isolated-LICH, four cSVD aetiologic groups were created by incorporating the presence/distribution of NHIM: HTN-cSVD pattern, CAA pattern, mixed NHIM and no NHIM. CAA pattern consisted of patients with any combination of severe centrum semiovale EPVS, lobar lacunes or multiple subcortical spots pattern. HTN-cSVD pattern consisted of any HTN-cSVD markers: severe basal ganglia PVS, deep lacunes or peribasal ganglia white matter hyperintensity pattern. Mixed NHIM consisted of at least one imaging marker from either pattern. Our hypothesis was that patients with HTN-cSVD pattern/mixed NHIM would have a higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is associated with HTN-cSVD.ResultsIn 261 patients with isolated-LICH, CAA pattern was diagnosed in 93 patients, HTN-cSVD pattern in 53 patients, mixed NHIM in 19 patients and no NHIM in 96 patients. The frequency of LVH was similar among those with HTN-cSVD pattern and mixed NHIM (50% vs 39%, p=0.418) but was more frequent in HTN-cSVD pattern compared with CAA pattern (50% vs 20%, p<0.001). In a regression model, HTN-cSVD pattern (OR: 7.38; 95% CI 2.84 to 19.20) and mixed NHIM (OR: 4.45; 95% CI 1.25 to 15.90) were found to be independently associated with LVH.ConclusionAmong patients with isolated-LICH, NHIM may help differentiate HTN-cSVD from CAA, using LVH as a marker for HTN-cSVD.
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptides on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhu Ping 
Published: August 2022

Objective. Systematic evaluation of the efficacy of natriuretic recombination in human brain on disease myocardial infarction, left ventricular heart failure, and the efficacy and safety of long-term left ventricular remodeling. Methods. Computerized search of CNKI, Wanfang database, Wipro Chinese Technology Publications (VIP) numerical database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Medline Cochrane Library, clinical Trail.Gov clinical collection, and other documents. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction from inception to December 2021 were searched. Based on the Jadad scale, inclusion-exclusion data for diseases were collected and elaborated by meta by RevMan 5.3 simulation software. In a total of 23 randomized controlled trials, 2 024 cases were used as the basic data, the control group was routinely treated for 1 012 cases, and 1 012 cases in the experimental group were also treated with natriuretic peptide in the recombinant human brain on the previous basis. Results. In terms of overall efficacy, the experimental group was better than the control group, statistically significant (

OR
=
4.30

, 95% CI (3.26, 5.67),

P
<
0.000

01

), left ventricular ejection fraction in the experimental group than the control group (

OR
=
1.58

, 95% CI (1.27, 1.90),

P
<
0.000

01

). In terms of a myocardial strain in the left ventricle, the experimental group was superior to the control group. The difference was significant (

OR
=
−
0.91

, 95% CI (-1.50, -0.33),

P
=
0.002

). In terms of the cardiac output volume, the experimental group was superior to the control group (

OR
=
1.24

, 95% CI (0.55, 1.94),

P
=
0.0005

). Regarding brain natriuretic peptide precursors, the experimental group was superior to the control group (

OR
=
−
4.37

, 95% CI (-6.21, -3.25),

P
<
0.00001

). In terms of the heart rate, the experimental group was superior to the control group. Measurement of differential significance is as follows:

OR
=
−
13.70

, 95% CI (-14.95, -12.46),

P
<
0.00001

. In terms of contraction, the experimental group was superior to the comparison group (

OR
=
−
12.38

, 95% CI (-17.98, -6.79),

P
<
0.00001

). The experimental group outperformed the control group (

OR
=
−
7.42

, 95% CI (-8.53, -6.30),

P
<
0.00001

). In terms of bad influence, the measurement is as follows:

OR
=
0.95

, 95% CI (0.29, 3.16),

P
=
0.94

. Conclusion. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular remodeling, if treated with a heavy treatment of the group of cerebral natriuretic peptide mode, it can increase clinical treatment, improve the cardiac effect, inhibit ventricular remodeling, improve blood pressure and heart rhythm, and have greater clinical treatment and safety.