bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ellis’s Character, John Grote and the Cambridge Network
Authors: Gibbins John R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores two questions: what did Ellis bring to Cambridge, and what did Cambridge do for Ellis? The answers will be reached through primary source materials available in Trinity College Library and at Cambridge University Library. Two forms of analysis will intertwine: the first a textual study of sources on Ellis’s character and friendships, and the second a contextual study of the Cambridge he inhabited, Trinity College and the Cambridge Network in particular – networks that shaped and provoked his unique and original contributions to knowledge. While rich and well connected, confidently established within the Whig aristocratic elite, Ellis was sometimes portrayed as timid and reclusive. Why, with ‘abundance of character and richness of endowment’ did he appear ‘different to different people?’ What explains the attestations to his charismatic personality, Stoic character and his devoted following? The best evidential account is provided by his closest and most loyal friend of two decades John Grote (1813-1866), the Knighbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy and Vicar of Trumpington, and Charles Astor Bristed, a relative stranger whose path crossed with Ellis and Grote.
Ellis on Mathematical Statistics and Probability
Authors: Stigler Stephen M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRobert Leslie Ellis’s work in mathematical statistics and probability can be conveniently grouped under three headings: (1) his 1844 critique of the justifications of the method of least squares, (2) his short 1842 paper on the foundations of probability (with a brief follow-up in 1854), and (3) his return to least squares in 1850. The first of these was a brilliant dissection of two major and one minor derivation of least squares, each under different sets of assumptions. It was the most cited and admired of his mathematical works during his lifetime, and indeed in the nineteenth century. The second was not influential in the 19th century, but it may be the most cited of his works in the twentieth century, when, after the contributions of John Venn (1834–1923), it caught the eyes of a number of philosophers as a partial anticipation of Venn. The third, his return to the topic of 1844, after an 1850 review by John F.W. Herschel (1792–1871) had added a new wrinkle to an old topic, may have been less successful, but it still sheds new light on his understanding. I propose to treat these three topics in that order, with the emphasis being on a brief summary of the issues and a critique of how they may be thought of in the light of current historical understanding. Regarding the third, I will also present a previously unpublished letter from Ellis on the topic.
Robert Leslie Ellis: An Almost Perfect Moral Nature
Authors: Richards Joan L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSophia De Morgan met Robert Ellis when he was a student at Cambridge, and ever-after remembered him to possess an “almost perfect moral nature.” Her response to the sickly young man was typical of the ways Victorians responded to invalids like John Keats or Elizabeth Barrett Browning. But Ellis was neither a poet nor a woman. In the case of Ellis, the evidence of his moral character lay in the facility with which he practiced mathematics. Throughout the eighteenth century, the success of Newtonian cosmology served the English as a guarantee that in mathematics they could align their thoughts with the mind of God and by so doing truly understand the world in which they lived. As they moved into the nineteenth century, however, this assurance of unity between the human and the divine was being challenged on many fronts. When Sophia attributed “an almost perfect moral character” to the sickly young man, she was recognizing him as an ally in a battle for England’s soul that centered on the nature of mathematics.
Disclosure of a Participant’s HIV Status During a Household Community HIV Testing Project
Authors: Miller Leigh Ann , Molchan Carin , Williams Daniel B. , Grasso Michael , Nangombe Hilma , Low Andrea , Wolkon Adam , Justman Jessica , Hamunime Ndapewa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe narrative is framed within the context of ways that public health interventions balance the rights of individuals and community when related to infectious diseases. This central example is from a community-based HIV testing program in an area with high HIV prevalence. We describe a breach of confidentiality resulting from an involuntary disclosure of a participant’s HIV status. This breach of confidentiality occurs within a family. The narrative considers the respective rights of individuals and community members related to disclosure of HIV status and pays attention to how roles (e.g., health care worker, sexual partner) influence decisions regarding disclosure of someone’s HIV status. There were clear testing program guidelines for how, when, and where to disclose HIV status of household members. Standard operating procedures and careful training were meant to protect data confidentiality and privacy of patients. In practice, things were messier and less clear. The narrative describes how this confidentiality breach occurred, what was done to ensure the participant was safe after the fact and ways to amend the breach on a systems level.
Exploring Public Health’s Role in Addressing Historical Trauma Among U.S. Indigenous Populations
Authors: Gartner Danielle R. , Wilbur Rachel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite decades of often well-intentioned work, public health interventions can fail to achieve desired outcomes within Native American communities. These failures may not be due to a lack of motivation on either side. Rather, they stem from a history of colonization which continues to impact the fundamental structure of public health as well as Native American responses to public health intervention. We purport that there are discrepancies between the tools provided in much of public health’s core training and the reality and needs of work in Indian Country. These discrepancies, including a fundamental lack of knowledge about historical trauma events and the ways their impacts reverberate through communities, families, and individuals, contribute to continued experiences of health disparities by Native Americans. Using narrative, this paper offers examples of this schism and is followed by four actionable steps that individuals working in settler public health institutions can take when approaching work with Native nations and communities.
The Influence of Different Excavation Methods on Deep Foundation Pit and Surrounding Environment
Authors: Yang Yongming , Li Xiwen , Chen Yao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTaking a deep foundation pit in Shijiazhuang, Beijing as the background of the project, combined with the excavation range of the deep foundation pit and the spatial location and geometry of the surrounding engineering bodies, FLAC3D software is used to establish a numerical model of the deep foundation pit excavation containing the deep foundation pit, surrounding buildings and underground tunnels and other engineering bodies. The numerical model truly reflects the geometric size and spatial location relationship between deep foundation pit and surrounding engineering bodies. Based on the numerical model, the numerical simulation of deep foundation pit excavation under different excavation methods was carried out. The analysis of the horizontal displacement of the support structure during the excavation of the deep foundation pit, the investigation of the surrounding buildings and surface settlement and the deformation of the metro tunnel. The influence mechanism of different excavation methods on the safety of deep foundation pit, surrounding buildings and tunnel were discussed. It is concluded that the excavation method has less influence on the deformation and displacement of the deep foundation pit and the surrounding buildings and tunnels under the condition of shallow excavation depth. As the excavation depth increases, the effect of the excavation method on the deformation of the deep foundation pit, buildings, tunnels and surface settlement increases. The layered excavation method is suitable for deep foundation pits with shallow excavation depths, while the layered section excavation method is more suitable for deep foundation pits with deep excavation depths. Deep foundation pit excavation has a smaller effect on the deformation of the tunnel. The surrounding buildings have a greater influence on the deformation during the excavation of the deep foundation pit, but the effect of the buildings on it is less than the limiting effect of the prestressing anchor cables on the deformation of the deep foundation pit.
Study on Critical Shaft Length in Underground Metro Tunnel with One End to Outside
Authors: Wang Tingting , Geng Pengqiang , Weng Miaocheng , Liu Fang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 1:15 small-scale model was built based on a blocked tunnel at one end of Chongqing rail transit, the reliability of FDS numerical simulation was verified by experiments. Adopts the FDS18.0 software for the shaft seal at the end of the tunnel, and discusses the fire location, fire heat release rate on the effects of the shaft of natural smoke extraction mode when fire between seal and shaft, shaft smoke exhaust volume significantly greater than other fire source position, the critical length of shaft is bigger, when fire heat release rate between 2.5 MW to 7.5 MW. The critical shaft length decreases with the increase of shaft height, but has nothing to do with the heat release rate of fire source. A critical shaft length prediction model for tunnel closure at one end is proposed.
Evaluation the Level of Service of Signalized Intersection: Al-Amreia Intersection as a Case Study
Authors: Rajab Noor A. , Awad Hamid A. , Alrawi Firas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the west of Bagdad city, this intersection realizes a huge traffic, and there are a lot of tourist attractions near to the study area. The aim of this research is to enhance traffic operations, improve the level of service and decrease the delay in Al-Ameria signalized intersection by examine four suggested alternative. Special teams with a special tools are collected traffic and geometric data for the intersection. HCS 2010 program are used in this study to measure the delay and evaluate the level of service in each approach and for the hall of the intersection. The result of this study show that the intersection is operated under the breakdown condition with level of service F for all approaches. The results highlighted that the fourth alternative is the best suitable suggestion to enhance the level of service for the intersection. The fourth alternative recommended to construct a flyover from the North bound towards the South bound the level of service improve from F to C for the base year and for the target year.
Study on Deterioration Rule of Water-Binder Ratio on Mechanical Properties and Frost Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Gong Xu , Yu Hongfa , Wu Chengyou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the rapid freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle test, the changes of relevant indexes (mass, relative dynamic elastic modulus, mechanical properties and thickness of concrete F-T damage layer) of concrete and mortar specimens with three water-binder ratios under F-T cycle was systematically studied. The results show that the quality, relative dynamic elastic modulus and mechanical properties of concrete and mortar decrease with the increase of F-T cycles, the thickness of F-T damaged layer of concrete increases in different degrees. The degree of F-T damage of mortar specimen is obviously lower than that of concrete specimen. Through regression analysis, it is find that the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete were significantly related to the relative dynamic elastic modulus of mortar, the thickness of concrete damage layer and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete, it shows that one of the factors causing the F-T damage of concrete is the damage of mortar.
Coulomb and Higgs branches from canonical singularities. Part I. Hypersurfaces with smooth Calabi-Yau resolutions
Authors: Closset Cyril , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Wang Yi-Nan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Compactification of M-theory and of IIB string theory on threefold canonical singularities gives rise to superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in 5d and 4d, respectively. The resolutions and deformations of the singularities encode salient features of the SCFTs and of their moduli spaces. In this paper, we build on Part 0 of this series [1] and further explore the physics of SCFTs arising from isolated hypersurface singularities. We study in detail these canonical isolated hypersurface singularities that admit a smooth Calabi-Yau (crepant) resolution. Their 5d and 4d physics is discussed and their 3d reduction and mirrors (the magnetic quivers) are determined in many cases. As an explorative tool, we provide a Mathematica code which computes key quantities for any canonical isolated hypersurface singularity, including the 5d rank, the 4d Coulomb branch spectrum and central charges, higher-form symmetries in 4d and 5d, and crepant resolutions.
Positivity of the Veneziano amplitude in D = 4
Authors: Maity Pronobesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Veneziano amplitude was put forward as a solution to the axioms of the S-matrix bootstrap. However, unitarity, reflected in the positivity of the coefficients in the Gegenbauer expansion of the amplitude is not obvious. In this note we compute the generating function of these coefficients in terms of the Appell hypergeometric function. We use this to read off an exact form of this coefficient on the leading Regge trajectory in D = 4. We find that it decays with the spin but always remains positive. Since for large spin these coefficients are expected to be smaller than those on the subleading trajectories, our result indicates the positivity of the full Veneziano amplitude in D = 4.
Estimation of secondary cancer projected risk after partial breast irradiation at the 1.5 T MR-linac
Authors: De-Colle C. , Dohm O. , Mönnich D. , Nachbar M. , Weidner N. , Heinrich V. , Boeke S. , Gani C. , Zips D. , Thorwarth D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
For patients treated with partial breast irradiation (PBI), potential long-term treatment-related toxicities are important. The 1.5 T magnetic resonance guided linear accelerator (MRL) offers excellent tumor bed visualization and a daily treatment plan adaption possibility, but MRL-specific electron stream and return effects may cause increased dose deposition at air–tissue interfaces. In this study, we aimed to investigate the projected risk of radiation-induced secondary malignancies (RISM) in patients treated with PBI at the 1.5 T MRL.

Methods
Projected excess absolute risk values (EARs) for the contralateral breast, lungs, thyroid and esophagus were estimated for 11 patients treated with PBI at the MRL and compared to 11 patients treated with PBI and 11 patients treated with whole breast irradiation (WBI) at the conventional linac (CTL). All patients received 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions. For patients treated at the CTL, additional dose due to daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was simulated. The t‑test with Bonferroni correction was used for comparison.

Results
The highest projected risk for a radiation-induced secondary cancer was found for the ipsilateral lung, without significant differences between the groups. A lower contralateral breast EAR was found for MRL-PBI (EAR = 0.89) compared to CTL-PBI (EAR = 1.41, p = 0.01), whereas a lower thyroid EAR for CTL-PBI (EAR = 0.17) compared to MRL-PBI (EAR = 0.33, p = 0.03) and CTL-WBI (EAR = 0.46, p = 0.002) was observed. Nevertheless, when adding the CBCT dose no difference between thyroid EAR for CTL-PBI compared to MRL-PBI was detected.

Conclusion
Better breast tissue visualization and the possibility for daily plan adaption make PBI at the 1.5 T MRL particularly attractive. Our simulations suggest that this treatment can be performed without additional projected risk of RISM.
Influence of welding parameters on grain size, HAZ and degree of dilution of 6063-T5 alloy: optimization through the Taguchi method of the GMAW process
Authors: Meseguer-Valdenebro José L. , Martínez-Conesa Eusebio , Portoles Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to design experiments using Taguchi’s method that determine the influence of welding parameters on the grain size, heat-affected zone and degree of dilution of the 6063-T5 alloy. The welding process used is GMAW, and the welding parameters are the power, welding speed and bevel spacing. The study of the influence of these welding parameters on the measurements made during welding (which are the size of the heat-affected zone, the degree of dilution and the grain size) allows one to determine the quality of the joint. In addition, the welding parameter that most influences the minimisation of these three measurements will be determined.
High frequency-based protection algorithm for meshed MTDC systems
Authors: Abu-Elanien Ahmed E. B. , Elserougi Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research presents a high frequency-based algorithm for zonal protection of meshed Multi-Terminal high voltage Direct Current (MTDC) systems. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to capture high frequency current transients from one end of each line. The faulty line is identified by analyzing two distinct high frequency bands form the captured transients. The characteristics of these current transients during normal condition are different from faulty condition. A four-terminal meshed MTDC model is used to test the performance of the protection algorithm. Various faults with different fault scenarios were simulated using four-terminal meshed MTDC model. The simulation results showed success of the algorithm in identifying internal faults. Moreover, the high frequency algorithm showed robustness against other abnormal conditions such as AC faults and sudden change of wind power.
Arithmetic statistics of Prym surfaces
Authors: Laga Jef 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a family of abelian surfaces over$$\mathbb {Q}$$Qarising as Prym varieties of double covers of genus-1 curves by genus-3 curves. These abelian surfaces carry a polarization of type (1, 2) and we show that the average size of the Selmer group of this polarization equals 3. Moreover we show that the average size of the 2-Selmer group of the abelian surfaces in the same family is bounded above by 5. This implies an upper bound on the average rank of these Prym varieties, and gives evidence for the heuristics of Poonen and Rains for a family of abelian varieties which are not principally polarized. The proof is a combination of an analysis of the Lie algebra embedding$$F_4\subset E_6$$F4⊂E6, invariant theory, a classical geometric construction due to Pantazis, a study of Néron component groups of Prym surfaces and Bhargava’s orbit-counting techniques.
High-speed flat-detector computed tomography for temporal bone imaging and postoperative control of cochlear implants
Authors: Eisenhut Felix , Taha Lava , Manhart Michael , Thimsen Vivian , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich , Hornung Joachim , Dörfler Arnd , Lang Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Flat-detector computed tomography (FD-CT) is the standard for cochlear implant (CI) imaging. FD-CT systems differ in technical characteristics. Our aim was an evaluation of two different FD-CT generations with different protocols and hardware regarding image quality, radiation dose, and scan time.

Methods
Two temporal bone specimens (− / + CI = TB0/TB1) were scanned using three different scanners: two FD-CT systems with different scanning protocols (standard FD-CT: 20 s 70 kV, 20 s 109 kV; high-speed FD-CT [HS-FD-CT]: 7 s 109 kV, 9 s 109 kV, 14 s 72 kV) and MS-CT (5 s 120 kV). Acquired datasets were evaluated in consensus reading regarding qualitative and quantitative parameters: addressing CI- and cochlea-specific parameters, cochlea delineation, lamina spiralis ossea visibility, distinction of single CI electrodes, determination of intracochlear implant position, stapes delineation, and mastoidal septation were assessed. Addressing protocol-specific parameters, radiation dose (dose-length-product/DLP), and scan time were assessed.

Results

Two HS-FD-CT protocols (14 s/9 s) provide higher or equivalent diagnostic information regarding CI- and cochlea-specific parameters compared to both standard FD-CT protocols. The fastest HS-FD-CT protocol (7 s)—providing inferior diagnostic information compared to all other FD-CT protocols—still exceeds MS-CT. The highest DLP was recorded for the 14 s HS-FD-CT protocol (TB1 = 956 mGycm); the lowest DLPs were recorded for the 7 s HS-FD-CT protocol (TB0 = 188 mGycm) and for MS-CT (TB0 = 138 mGycm), respectively. HS-FD-CT allows a significant reduction of scan time compared to standard FD-CT.

Conclusion
High-speed FD-CT improves visualization of temporal bone anatomy and postoperative assessment of CIs by combining excellent image quality, fast scan time, and reasonable radiation exposure.
A Journey Undertaken by Families to Access General Surgical Care for their Children at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania; Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Philipo Godfrey Sama , Bokhary Zaitun Mohamed , Bayyo Neema Lala , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Pueschel Miriam Gerd , Bakari Rajabu Athumani , Lakhoo Kokila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA majority of the 2 billion children lacking access to safe, timely and affordable surgical care reside in low‐and middle‐income countries. A barrier to tackling this issue is the paucity of information regarding children's journey to surgical care. We aimed to explore children's journeys and its implications on accessing general paediatric surgical care at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), a tertiary centre in Tanzania.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was undertaken at MNH, recruiting patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries. Data on socio‐demographic, clinical, symptoms onset and 30‐days post‐operative were collected. Descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis.ResultWe recruited 154 children with a median age of 36 months. The majority were referred from regional hospitals due to a lack of paediatric surgery expertise. The time taken to seeking care was significantly greater in those who self‐referred (p = 0.0186). Of these participants, 68.4 and 31.1% were able to reach a referring health facility and MNH, respectively, within 2 h of deciding to seek care. Overall insurance coverage was 75.32%. The median out of pocket expenditure for receiving care was $69.00. The incidence of surgical site infection was 10.2%, and only 2 patients died.ConclusionAlthough there have been significant efforts to improve access to safe, timely and affordable surgical care, there is still a need to strengthen children's surgical care system. Investing in regional hospitals may be an effective approach to improve access to children surgical care.