bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Community Health Volunteers Practices on Advancing Social Accountability in Nairobi County, Kenya
* Corresponding Author: Malkia Moraa Abuga, Email: malmoraa815@gmail.com
Department of Health System Management Kenya Methodist University, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: ABUGA MALKIA MORAA , Tenambergen Wanja Mwaura , Njoroge Kezia Muthoni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Abstract
Background: Community Health Volunteers position in the health system allow them to act as community mouthpieces, fighting inequities and advocating for community rights and needs to government structures. However, questions about how they carry out this role, specifically how they present community concerns to the health system and vice versa, remain unanswered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practices of community health volunteers that promote social accountability.
Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design across two sub-counties that were purposefully chosen due to their health indicators status. The quantitative data sample size was 180 Community Health Volunteers (Embakasi North 90, Embakasi Central 90) who were sampled using stratified sampling. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews and document review were used to collect qualitative data.
Results: In Embakasi North and Embakasi Central, respectively, the study found that 66 (73.3 %) and 64 (71.1 %) of Community Health Volunteers rarely recorded complaints, 68 (75.6 %) and 53 (58.9 %) of Community Health Volunteers always reported complaints to the Community Health Assistant, and 67 (74.4 %) and 47 (52.2 %) of Community Health Volunteers always provided feedback to clients on the complaints raised.
Conclusion: There was sub-optimal and inconsistent implementation of social accountability practices by the Community Health Volunteers in the two sub-counties. This was influenced by inadequate information on their mandate in social accountability, a lack of reporting indicators targeting social accountability and a lack of awareness about formal channels of complaint handling mechanisms at community health systems.
Keywords: Social Accountability, Community Health Volunteers, Community Health Systems
Targeted mRNA demethylation in Arabidopsis using the human ALKBH5 catalytic domain
Authors: Fang Ruiqiu , Chen Xiaolong , Ying Duo , Shen Jie , Wang Bin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important epigenetic modification involved in RNA stability and translation regulation. Manipulating the expression of RNA m6A methyltransferases or demethylases makes it difficult to study the effect of specific RNA methylation. Recently, m6A editor was reported to manipulate RNA methylation in a locus-specific manner in human cells, but it remains unclear whether this tool can be used in plants. Here, we report the development of a plant m6A editors (PMEs) using dLwaCas13a (from L. wadei) and human m6A demethylase ALKBH5 catalytic domain. PMEs specifically demethylates m6A of targeted mRNAs (WUS, STM, FT, SPL3 and SPL9) to increase mRNAs stability. In addition, we discovered that a double ribozyme system can significantly improve the efficiency of RNA editing. Together, these findings demonstrated that PMEs for targeted transcript editing will be useful in plant functional genomics research.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic hepatitis B via the AhR–RORγt–FoxP3 axis
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Liu Huaie , Lin Jie , Ding Jie , Zhao Yinzhou , You Jing , Geng Jiawei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the Th17/Treg imbalance of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) via the AhR–RORγt–FoxP3 axis.Methods: The proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral venous blood collected from 18 healthy controls (HCs) and 30 patients with CHB were determined by flow cytometry. AhR, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) mRNA levels were tested by RT-qPCR. Moreover, AhR, RORγt and FoxP3 protein levels were detected by western blot. Results: The proportions of Th17 and Treg cells were significantly higher in the CHB group than those in the HC group (p < 0.005). The Th17/Treg ratio was remarkably higher in the CHB group than that in the HC group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, AhR, RORγt, and FoxP3 mRNA levels were higher in the CHB group than those in the HC group (p ≤ 0.001). The expression levels of AhR, RORγt and FoxP3 protein were higher in the CHB group than those in the HC group. Moreover, there were positive correlations between AhR and RORγt mRNA (p < 0.001, r = 0.632) and between AhR and FoxP3 mRNA (p < 0.001, r = 0.798).Conclusion: The AhR–RORγt–FoxP3 axis may mediate Th17/Treg balance in CHB to influence disease development.
MRI diagnose post-operative anastomotic leak in patients with rectal cancer: preliminary experience
Authors: Yu Liang , Chen Guangliang , Wang Hua , Wang Xiaojie , Huang Ying , Chi Pan , Chen Zhifen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) was one of the most serious postoperative complications after colorectal anastomosis. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early detection of AL in patients with clinically suspected AL after rectal anterior resection.Methods: This was a prospective study including patients who underwent anterior resections and post-operative MRI examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of diagnosing AL of MRI were calculated.Results: Total of 23 patients received MRI after surgery and the median time interval from surgery to MRI was 10 days (3-21 days). The median distance from anastomosis to anal verge was 4.0cm (2.0-10cm), and 11 patients underwent diverted ileostomy. Eighteen patients were found to had an anastomotic leak, including one patient who had a pelvic abscess, and five patients who had no evidence of AL in the MRI examination. the overall sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% (17/18) and 80% (4/5), respectively. The PPV was 0.94 and the NPV was 0.80. For patients who had anastomosis lower than 5cm, the diagnostic accuracy of MRI was 93.7% (15/16). T2-weighted with fat-suppression can show the leak track well.Conclusions: The accuracy of plain MRI examination in diagnosing AL was favorable for patients who were suspected of AL. T2-weighted with fat-suppression was the best imaging to estimate the AL.The multi-center prospective study with more samples is needed to further estimate the safety and feasibility of MR in diagnosing the AL.
The influence of RGO gain on Co 0.5 Mn 0.3 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nano-composites' construction, morphology, and magnetic characteristics
Authors: Moradi Seyed Ali Hosseini , Ghobadi Nader 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One-pot simplified co-precipitation procedure was used to produce non-stoichiometric ferrite (Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4) and diminish graphene oxide (rGO) nano-composites in this investigation. Powders such as XRD, FT-IR, and SEM were used to study the structural and surface analysis of the composites. An investigation of the magnetic characteristics of Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) was also conducted using VSM. A vector network analysis tool was used to conduct microwave adsorption investigations on Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 NCs in the 2–18 GHz frequency spectrum. By adjusting the amount of rGO added to Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4, the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing characteristics of Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 nanocomposites may be remarkably adaptable due to their customizable microstructure and synergistic effects. The addition of rGO can significantly improve EM wave absorption characteristics compared to the unadulterated Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 ferrites. The generated Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 NCs' minor reflection loss (RL) was 39.7 dB in the 11.9 GHz frequency spectrum. The effective absorption bandwidth is a maximum of 6.5 GHz (RL under 10 dB) with a thickness of two millimeters. The Co0.5Mn0.3Cu0.2Fe2O4 NCs that haven't been changed since synthesis (: as-synthesized) might be considered a novel alternative for the slight EM wave absorber due to their proper impedance matching and synergistic effect among dielectric and magnetic loss.
Interference effects in GaN high electron mobility transistor power amplifier induced by microwave pulses
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Chen Quanyou , Chen Chaoyang , Chen Zhidong , Liu Zhong , Zhao Gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of wireless communication, radar and pulse power technology, the electromagnetic environment faced by electronic systems is increasingly complex and the intensity of electromagnetic field can be significant. In this study, a new interference phenomenon was observed when the microwave pulses were injected into the gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) power amplifier through the output port. We investigated the relationship between the peak power of reverse injection microwave pulses and the duration or the amplitude of the interference by effect experiments. The interference duration could reach the magnitude of millisecond. Deep traps in GaN HEMT power amplifiers are proved to be the cause of this interference effects.
Validation of a Rapid Remote Digital Test for Impaired Cognition using Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental State Examination: An Observational Research Study
Authors: Alim-Marvasti Ali , Kuleindiren Narayan , Harvey Kirsten , Ciocca Matteo , Lin Aaron , Selim Hamzah , Mahmud Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are useful screening tools for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, these tests require qualified in-person supervision and take up to 60 or 15 minutes to complete respectively. We have developed a digital cognitive screening test (M-CogScore) that can be completed remotely in under 5 minutes without supervision. We set out to validate M-CogScore in head-to-head comparisons with CDR and MMSE. MethodsTo ascertain the validity of the M-CogScore, we enrolled participants as healthy controls or impaired cognition matched for age, sex, and education. Participants completed the 30-item paper MMSE Second Edition Standard Version (MMSE-2-SV), paper CDR, and smartphone-based M-CogScore. The digital M-CogScore test is based on time-normalised scores from smartphone adapted stroop (M-Stroop), digit-symbols (M-Symbols), and delayed recall tests (M-Memory). We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the convergent validity between M-CogScore and the 30-item MMSE-2, and non-parametric tests to compare M-CogScore with a CDR diagnosis of impaired cognition (CDR 0.5 or 1). M-CogScore was compared to MMSE-2-SV using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) with corresponding optimal cut-offs. Results72 participants completed all three tests. The M-CogScore correlated with both MMSE-2 (r=0.66, p<0.0001) and impaired cognition on CDR (Mann Whitney U 187, p<0.001). M-CogScore achieved an AUC of 0.85 (95% bootstrapped CI [0.80, 0.91]) when differentiating between normal and impaired cognition, compared to an AUC of 0.78 [0.72, 0.84] for the MMSE-2-SV (p=0.21) ConclusionM-CogScore was significantly correlated with established cognitive tests including CDR and MMSE-2-SV. M-CogScore can be taken remotely without supervision, is automatically scored, has less of a ceiling effect than the MMSE, and takes significantly less time to complete. Digital screening tests such as M-CogScore are desirable to aid in rapid and remote clinical cognitive evaluations.
Phenotyping diverse cowpea genotypes reveals shoot traits contributions to drought recovery
Authors: Sakariyahu Solihu Kayode , Aliyu Ramatu Enehezeyi , Indabo Sadam Sulaiman , Muhammad Hadiza Usman , Aminu Aliyu , Ahmed Hauwa Oziohu , Mohammed Saba Baba , Adamu Abu-Kasim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The success of a breeding program largely depends on the presence of sufficient genetic diversity in crops to provide an avenue for selection of desirable genotypes for utilization in crop improvement. However, the primary gene pools of many crop plants are so depleted in genetic variability which is a consequence of continuous selections imposed by plant breeders. This necessitates exploring the potentials of landraces for sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the “Wooden box techniques” was adopted to screen cowpea genotypes for their response to seedling drought stress, owing to its rapid and high throughput nature. Here, 420 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for their tolerance to seedling drought. Time course analysis of growth and agronomic traits revealed gradual cessation of growth as drought stress intensified as evidenced by reduction in trifoliate number, increase in leaf senescence and stem wilting. Multivariate analysis using principal component (PC) analysis and k-mean clustering identified 3 major clusters where PC1 and PC2 explained 46.7% of the variability in response to drought stress. The biplot analysis showed that plant height, stem greenness and trifoliate number contributed positively to PC1 while leaf senescence score was negatively related to the clustering on this axis. The comprehensive data analysis pipeline allows us to identify the relationship between the agronomic and stay-green parameters, which provides us with the understanding of traits that could be useful during the selection of lines under drought stress at the seedling stage. Our method provides an aid-to-selection for rapid screening of a large collection of cowpea lines for their response to seedling drought stress. Additionally, our results identified potential tolerant genotypes for use as parents for genetic analysis of drought tolerant traits and incorporation into breeding programs targeting the development and deployment of drought tolerant varieties.
Survey on public awareness, attitudes and self-protective behavior adoption in different periods of COVID-19
Authors: Fang Fang , Chen Sijie , Geng Xianhui , Kiprop Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The outbreak and spread of the pandemics have been an issue of critical concern globally, posing a significant threat to the health sector globally. This study aimed to examine the basic knowledge and attitudes toward the recommended protective measures at different times, respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide recommendations for developing targeted strategies and measures for preventing and controlling public health emergencies. Methods: The study used self-filled questionnaires to examine the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on COVID-19 at two different period, from 20 - 31 March 2020 (the beginning period) and 22 - 27 April 2022 (the regular epidemic prevention and control period) . Descriptive and quantitative analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results: The survey collected 2375 valid questionnaires. A comparison of the two periods reveals that as the epidemic continued over a long period, the level of knowledge, attitudes towards preventive measures, risk perceptions, and adoption behavior of the respondents at the beginning of the epidemic were significantly higher than during the regular epidemic prevention and control period. Conclusion: With the upsurge in the spread of the epidemic, the public needs a multi-channel, targeted, and all-round guidance and information on prevention and control of the COVID-19, and internalizes knowledge into individual's behavior of actively responding to diseases.When the epidemic lasts for a long time, the relevant agencies should strengthen their monitoring role to promote public compliance with the recommended measures.
Bioinformatics and integrated pharmacology network to identify the therapeutic targets and potential molecular mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid on primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Kong Deqi , Cho Heeryun , Lee Jaeeun , Choi Eunsaem , Lee Ahyoung , Choi Ehnkyoung , Kim Yunbae , Kim Haijoong , Hong Sooncheol 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Women experiencing primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) are more likely to experience infertility, and its incidence is increasing worldwide annually. Recently, the role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the treatment of POI has been reported. However, details of the potential pharmacological targets and related molecular pathways of ALA remain unclear and need to be elucidated. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the potential therapeutic target and related molecular mechanism of ALA on POI. First, the potential targets of POI and ALA related targets were downloaded from online public databases. Subsequently, the overlapped target genes between POI and ALA were acquired, and Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed and constructed. Finally, molecular docking was performed to verify protein-to-protein effect. A total of 152 potential therapeutic targets were identified. The biological processes of the intersecting targets were mainly involved in the cellular response to peptides, response to xenobiotic stimuli, and response to peptide hormones. The highly enriched pathways were the cAMP, PI3K/AKT, estrogen, progesterone mediated oocyte maturation, and apoptosis signaling pathways. The top ten hub targets for ALA in the treatment of POI were STAT3, STAT1, CASP3, MTOR, PTGS2, CASP8, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, MAPK1, and ESR1. The binding between ALA and all top hub targets were verified using the molecular docking analysis. In summary, using the systematic integrated pharmacology network and bioinformatics analysis, this study illustrated that ALA participates in the treatment of POI via multiple-targets and multiple-pathways mechanisms.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic era 2020 on Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) - National Child Health program in India – A cross-sectional comparative research study
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In India because of the elevated birth rate and Brobdingnagian population (globally next to china) Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) (National Child Health program) is a significant measure by the Government of India, quite vital for public health care provision systems for reducing mortality in children (to achieve SDG goal), particularly within the current COVID-19 pandemic era throughout which most of the essential maternal- kid RCH (Reproductive and Child Health) health services were disrupted globally as well as in India. One of the researchers is a medical doctor who felt that the performance of RBSK during COVID-19 must be investigated to know the status of implementation of services during the pandemic crisis to alert policymakers if there is a disruption of these vital health services due to ongoing pandemic so that proper and timely action should be taken to rectify disruption if any during as well as after pandemic. This analysis study was done to supply significant information to the scientific community and decision-makers with concrete information analysis from authorized HMIS (Health Management data system) of Government - MoHFW (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare)) to provide the COVID-19 impact on RBSK services by public health care facilities across thirty-six states and UTs of India. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 23.49, 31.18 and 29.72 for males and 22.37, 30.27 and 29.31 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign.
Measuring crater volumes from bullet impacts: implications for field methods and cratering mechanics
Authors: Campbell Oliver , Blenkinsop Tom , Gilbert Oscar , Mol Lisa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bullet impacts are a ubiquitous form of damage to the built environment resulting from armed conflicts. Bullet impacts into stone buildings result in surficial cratering, fracturing, and changes to material properties, such as permeability and surface hardness. Controlled experiments into two different sedimentary stones were conducted to characterise surface damage and to investigate the relationship between the impact energy (a function of engagement distance) and crater volumes. Simplified geometries of crater volume using only depth and diameter measurements showed that the volume of a simple cone provides the best approximation (within 5%) to crater volume measured from photogrammetry models. This result suggests a quick and efficient method of estimating crater volumes during field assessments of damage. Over the engagement distances studied (100 – 400 m), there is little consistent effect on crater volume, but different target materials result in an order of magnitude variation in measured crater volumes. Bullet impacts in the experiments are similar in appearance to damage caused by hypervelocity experiments, but crater excavation is driven by momentum transfer to the target rather than a hemispherical shock wave. Target material plays the dominant role in controlling damage, not projectile energy as predicted by some impact scaling relationships.
Hyperbilirubinemia and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal care unit in Jimma Medical Center
Authors: Asaye Sintayehu , Bekele Misgana , Getachew Aklilu , Fufa Diriba , Adugna Tesfaye , Tadese Edosa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a widespread and significant clinical problem among neonates worldwide. Globally, every year about 1.1 million babies develop it and the vast majority reside in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Studies on magnitude and factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are limited in Ethiopia. So this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among hospitalized neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit of Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Jimma, South West Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at JMC from July 24 to October 19, 2020. A total of two hundred twenty-two neonates with their mothers were included and conveniently selected. Data was collected by interviewing mothers through structured questionnaires and reviewing neonates' medical records using a checklist. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: from a total of neo-maternal pairs included in the studies; the proportion of Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was found to be 94(42.3%). Neo-maternal ABO incompatibility 33 (35.1%), prematurity41 (43.6%), sepsis 35 (37.2%), Neonatal birth asphyxia 20 (21.2%), and Rh isoimmunization 10 (10.6%) was significantly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Conclusion and Recommendations: The prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the study setting was high. Antenatal care (including both mother and fetus detail examination and follow-ups) as well cautions during labor need to focus since Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-associated factors were maternal and neonatal. Hence, further assessment, early intervention, and timely treatment are important to mitigate the burdens in neonates due to hyperbilirubinemia.