bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registration of the maize synthetic population OhMCMV‐1
Authors: Jones Mark W. , Ohlson Erik W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a devastating virus disease of maize, induced by co‐infection by Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and one of several potyviruses. The maize synthetic population OhMCMV‐1 (Cycle‐1 [C1]) (Reg. no. GP‐623, PI 699306) was developed and released by the USDA‐ARS Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Quality Research Unit as a germplasm resource for improved MLN, MCMV, and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) resistance. The population has undergone one complete cycle of S1 recurrent selection for resistance to MCMV. Cycle‐1 S1 lines were significantly more resistant to MLN, MCMV, and SCMV than Cycle‐0 S1 lines. The elite virus resistance present within OhMCMV‐1 (C1) indicates this population has strong utility for developing new breeding lines, hybrids, and varieties and for helping to mitigate the economic impact of MLN.
Relationships between treatments received in the Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder over 30 years and personality status
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Tyrer Helen , Yang Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compared the drug treatments and health service contacts of anxious and depressed patients separated by personality disturbance in 200 patients over 30 years. Contact details with health professionals at 5, 12 and 30 years were recorded and analysed by multilevel models at all time points. Over 30 years, patients with dependent and anankastic personality disturbance and cothymia (the general neurotic syndrome) were 2.27 times more likely to receive selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and new antidepressants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.24), particularly paroxetine, and were 1.6 weeks (95% CI: 1.2–2.3) longer on the drug than those without the syndrome. Similar results with SSRIs and new antidepressants in patients with personality disorder fell short of significance after adjusting for age, sex and DSM status. Most patients had a DSM diagnosis at follow‐up points, and these had increased psychological treatment, psychiatric admissions, multiple drugs, SSRIs and new antidepressants. At later follow‐up, most drug treatments decreased apart from psychological treatment, SSRIs and new antidepressants, and baseline personality disorder had little impact on treatment histories compared with others. We conclude that the (Galenic) general neurotic syndrome is associated with greater use of treatments in the long term, showing that combined personality and symptomatic pathology overcomes that of personality disorder alone.
The X‐ray crystal structure of human A15C neuroglobin reveals both native/de novo disulfide bonds and unexpected ligand‐binding sites
Authors: Gao Shu‐Qin , Yuan Hong , Liu Xi‐Chun , Li Lianzhi , Tan Xiangshi , Wen Ge‐Bo , Lin Ying‐Wu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman neuroglobin (Ngb) contains a heme group and three Cys residues (Cys46, Cys55, and Cys120) in the polypeptide chain. By introducing an additional Cys at position 15, the X‐ray structure of A15C Ngb mutant was solved at a high resolution of 1.35 Å, which reveals the formation of both the native (C46C55) and the engineered (C15C120) disulfide bonds, likely playing a functional and structural role, respectively, according to the geometry analysis. Unexpectedly, 1,4‐dioxane from the crystallization reagents was bound not only to the protein surface, but also to the heme distal pocket, providing insights into protein‐ligand interactions for the globin and guiding the design of functional heme enzymes.
A dinitroaniline herbicide resistance mutation can be nearly lethal to plants
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Han Heping , Chen Jinyi , Yu Qin , Vila‐Aiub Martin , Beckie Hugh J , Powles Stephen B 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLolium rigidum is the most important weed in Australian agriculture and pre‐emergence dinitroaniline herbicides (e.g., trifluralin) are widely and persistently used for Lolium control. Consequently, evolution of resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides has been increasingly reported. Resistance‐endowing target‐site α‐tubulin gene mutations are identified with varying frequency. This study investigated the putative fitness cost associated with the common resistance mutation Val–202–Phe and the rare resistance mutation Arg–243–Met causing helical plant growth.RESULTSResults showed a deleterious effect of Arg–243–Met on fitness when plants are homozygous for this mutation. This was evidenced as high plant mortality, severely diminished root and aboveground vegetative growth (lower relative growth rate), and very poor fecundity compared with the wild‐type, which led to a nearly lethal fitness cost of >99.9% in competition with a wheat crop. A fitness penalty in vegetative growth was evident, but to a much lesser extent, in plants heterozygous for the Arg–243–Met mutation. By contrast, plants possessing the Val–202–Phe mutation exhibited a fitness advantage in vegetative and reproductive growth.CONCLUSIONThe α‐tubulin mutations Arg–243–Met and Val–202–Phe have contrasting effects on fitness. These results help understand the absence of plants homozygous for the Arg–243–Met mutation and the high frequency of plants carrying the Val–202–Phe mutation in dinitroaniline‐resistant L. rigidum populations. The α‐tubulin Arg–243–Met mutation can have an exceptional fitness cost with nearly lethal effects on resistant L. rigidum plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The future of polyethylene terephthalate bottles: Challenges and sustainability
Authors: Tsironi Theofania N. , Chatzidakis Stylianos M. , Stoforos Nikolaos G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely used polymer for manufacturing plastic bottles appropriate for water and soft beverages usage. The advantages of PET, regarding its mechanical and barrier and permeation properties, convenience, safety as food contact material, and recyclability, are well documented during the past decades. However, the recent trends towards the adoption of circular economy and the EU Directives regarding the reduction of the impact of plastic products on the environment has raised significant concerns about the sustainability and future of PET plastics. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the advantages and drawbacks of PET for applications in the bottled water and soft beverages sectors and discuss the future of PET bottles, considering the current trends and sustainability issues.
Abnormal warm sea‐surface temperature in the Indian Ocean, active potential vorticity over the Tibetan Plateau, and severe flooding along the Yangtze River in summer 2020
Authors: Ma Tingting , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Mao Jiangyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExcessive precipitation was observed throughout the Yangtze River Valley during the record‐breaking Meiyu season in 2020. However, the mechanism of extreme precipitation over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River remains unclear. Our results show that the activities of high potential vorticity (PV) systems during their eastward propagation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) should be responsible for the above‐normal rainfall not only over western China but also over eastern China. The activity of high‐PV systems is characterized by a prominent diurnal cycle, and their formation is closely related to the thermal contrast between the near‐surface and lower atmosphere. In the morning, surface sensible heating increases sharply after sunrise, leading to a decrease in diabatic heating with height. Accordingly, PV weakens in the lower atmosphere, and the formation of high‐PV systems reaches a minimum. An increase in turbulence increases near‐surface evaporation, which in turn reduces surface diabatic heating. At the same time, cloud formation increases diabatic heating at approximately 400 hPa. Consequently, the thermal contrast below 400 hPa leads to an increase in diabatic heating with height, favoring the generation of high‐PV systems. Compared with the climatology, an excessive water vapor supply from the anomalous anticyclone over the northern Bay of Bengal, forced by the Indian Ocean warming in 2020, contributes to a stronger thermal contrast and enhanced activity of high‐PV systems over the TP. The arrival timing of high‐PV systems at the eastern flank of the TP plays an important role in the subsequent development of these systems. Early arrival in the afternoon or evening is generally accompanied by air convergence and sufficient water vapor supply downstream of the TP, which favors the systems moving off the TP and influencing precipitation downstream.
Sustainable packaging of quantum chemistry software with the Nix package manager
Authors: Kowalewski Markus , Seeber Phillip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe installation of quantum chemistry software packages is commonly done manually and can be a time‐consuming and complicated process. An update of the underlying Linux system requires a reinstallation in many cases and can quietly break software installed on the system. In this paper, we present an approach that allows for an easy installation of quantum chemistry software packages, which is also independent of operating system updates. The use of the Nix package manager allows building software in a reproducible manner, which allows for a reconstruction of the software for later reproduction of scientific results. The build recipes that are provided can be readily used by anyone to avoid complex installation procedures.
Does single‐site robotic surgery makes sense for gallbladder surgery?
Authors: Bosi Henrique Rasia , Rombaldi Marcelo Costamilan , Zaniratti Thamyres , Castilhos Fernanda Oliveira , Sbaraini Mariana , Grossi João Vicente , Pretto Guilherme Gonçalves , Cavazzola Leandro Totti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCholecystectomy is one of the most performed surgeries. Several techniques were created, generating less pain, better aesthetic results and faster return to activities. Robotic surgery through a single portal combined the advantages of single‐incision surgery with the principles of conventional laparoscopy, making it a safe and feasible procedure. However, due to the high costs, this technology is hardly available in practice, especially in the public health system. The objective is to evaluate the safety of robotic cholecystectomy using the da Vinci Single‐Site © Surgical Platform (DVSSP) in a tertiary public hospital, and to assess alternatives that can reduce the costs, influencing the final real value of the procedure.MethodsProspective and descriptive study evaluating robotic cholecystectomies using the DVSSP technology performed at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from May 2017 to November 2018.ResultsA total of 37 cholecystectomies were performed. The average time of surgery was 82.62 min, and no intraoperative complications were observed. There was a need for conversion to conventional laparoscopy in two surgeries (5.4%). The average cost of the robotic procedure was U$ 1146.23 and the amount passed on to the institution by the Brazilian Unified Health System was on average U$ 212.59 (p < 0.05). Postoperative outcomes were satisfactory, with an incisional hernia index of 8.1%.ConclusionAlthough robotic surgery in this setting is a safe and feasible alternative, the high cost of the procedure prevents its dissemination on a large scale. New alternatives are needed to reduce the value and to allow greater accessibility.
Research on a rat model of genotype IV swine hepatitis E virus
Authors: Jian Zhijie , Li Youyou , Xu Zhiwen , Zhao Jun , Li Fengqin , Deng Huidan , Sun Xiangang , Zhu Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, Genotypes 3 and 4 are the main zoonotic genotype. Due to the lack of mature and effective culture cell lines, researches on genotype IV swine HEV (SHEV‐4) infection and pathogenic mechanism have been carried out in pigs, gerbils and non‐human primate models.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish a rat infection model by intra‐peritoneal infection with SHEV‐4, which provided a new research idea and scientific basis for further revealing the mechanism of HEV infection and preventing HEV infection.MethodsSHEV‐4 virus was administered intra‐peritoneally to 6‐ to 8‐week‐old mice to observe the serological changes and virus release.ResultsAccording to the results of the rat serum HEV IgG, ALT and AST levels, swine HEV, minus‐strand HEV RNA can infect Sprague–Dawley rats across species, and there are no obvious clinical symptoms after infection. HEV RNA was detected in most tissues and organs after infection, but the viral load was low. The liver had pathological changes of chronic hepatitis.ConclusionsWe found that the rat model of porcine HEV infection is a small animal model suitable for the study of HEV infection.
The efficacy of pomegranate peel extract on Eimeria shedding and growth indices in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens
Authors: Khorrami Pedram , Gholami‐Ahangaran Majid , Moghtadaei‐Khorasgani Elham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoccidiosis is the most common enteric parasitic disease in poultry that is caused by different species of Eimeria. Some chemical drugs were utilized for the control of this infection but drug residue and resistance‐induced concerns in chicken consumers.ObjectiveThe present study was performed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPEx) on the control of coccidiosis in chickens.MethodsTotally, 300 broiler chicks were divided into 10 groups and 5 groups challenged with a mixture of common Eimeria of 21 days old in Iran. Five days after the challenge, as soon as clinical signs appeared, the oocyte per gram (OPG) of faeces was measured, and chickens were treated with 100, 200 and 400 ppm PPEx (for 7 days) and toltrazuril (for 2 days) in separate groups. Another five groups were only treated with these compounds without challenge. All challenged and non‐challenged have a control group. The OPG was measured in the final treatment in chickens. At 35 days of age, all chickens were euthanized and the intestinal and liver samples were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. The growth indices were recorded and analysed all over the growing period, weekly.ResultsThe results revealed that the addition of PPEx especially in 400 ppm can reduce the intestinal lesions and OPG but in this dose, the growth indices can influence negatively, while the administration of toltrazuril with the best effect on OPG and intestinal lesions, no effect on growth indices in challenged chickens. Also, supplementation of 400 ppm PPEx can induce injuries in the liver while the lower dose has no effect on liver tissue.ConclusionIt is necessary for finding effective ingredients in PPEx and preparation of serial dilution for access to optimal dose with best anti‐coccidial effect and lowest negative effect on growth indices in chickens.
Digital labour platforms and the redefinition of work: Opportunities and challenges for workers
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the opportunities and challenges for workers on digital labour platforms, based on surveys conducted with some 12,000 respondents globally. It presents a first major overview of the worker experience on digital labour platforms in multiple sectors and countries, with regard to access to work, earnings, working time, social protection, and occupational safety and health. It also focuses on how digital labour platforms use algorithmic management practices to manage and evaluate workers and its impact on the working conditions of the workers. Finally, it discusses the role of platform design in shaping the worker experience in the context of non‐discrimination issues.
Seizing the opportunity: A way forward
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses some of the emerging hard‐ and soft‐law responses or initiatives taken by governments, social partners, platforms and other stakeholders (such as cooperatives) to address the challenges faced by workers on digital labour platforms, in particular by drawing on national practices. It suggests policies that may be required at the national, international and multilateral levels to ensure decent work for workers and fair competition for enterprises on digital labour platforms.
Uncovering the impacts of alternative splicing on the proteome with current omics techniques
Authors: Reixachs‐Solé Marina , Eyras Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe high‐throughput sequencing of cellular RNAs has underscored a broad effect of isoform diversification through alternative splicing on the transcriptome. Moreover, the differential production of transcript isoforms from gene loci has been recognized as a critical mechanism in cell differentiation, organismal development, and disease. Yet, the extent of the impact of alternative splicing on protein production and cellular function remains a matter of debate. Multiple experimental and computational approaches have been developed in recent years to address this question. These studies have unveiled how molecular changes at different steps in the RNA processing pathway can lead to differences in protein production and have functional effects. New and emerging experimental technologies open exciting new opportunities to develop new methods to fully establish the connection between messenger RNA expression and protein production and to further investigate how RNA variation impacts the proteome and cell function.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Translation > Regulation
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Determination of home-made wine selected parameters and study of honey addition impact on pro-healthy components content
Authors: Jastrzębska Aneta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe chemical characteristic of home-made wine, based on the vinification process of Maréchal Foch grapes with minimal intervention, was discussed. The addition of honey in the vinification process has been studied to improve the parameters of the pro-health properties of wine. Assays of antioxidant capacity, pH, colour intensity, total acidity, histamine, tyramine, tryptamine and phenylethylamine contents were carried out during the fermentation, maturation and storage processes. Moreover, the discussed above and selected oenological and quality parameters (organic acids, metals, total and free sulphur dioxide, alcohol content) of obtained wines were compared with commercial wines. Obtained results of allergenic compounds (SO2 and histamine) showed a significantly lower level for home-made wines. The presence of honey during the fermentation process significantly improved the antioxidant parameters, titratable acidity, and influenced the final product colour intensity and colour brilliance. The obtained data show that home-produced wine seems to be a valuable alternative to traditional commercial production due to the lack of chemical additives and potentially allergenic substances in the presence of compounds that enhance human health. Moreover, minimal intervention during fermentation, no filtering step, no chemical additives, processing aids and clarifying substances suggest that home-made wine can be considered natural.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Ziyi , Hao Xuezhi , Yang Ke , Wang Qi , Wang Jing , Lin Lin , Teng Fei , Li Junling , Xing Puyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
After progression to immunotherapy, the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was limited. Administration of the same or different immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., ICI rechallenge) may serve as a novel option. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ICI rechallenge for NSCLC and explore prognostic factors.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, data of advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients rechallenged with ICI at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College between December 2018 and June 2021 were retrieved. Progression-free, overall survivals (PFS; OS), etc. were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline characteristics, prior treatment results, etc. for prognostic factor exploration using the Cox model.

Results
Forty patients were included. Median age was 59 years. Thirty-one (78%) were male. Twenty-seven (68%) were smokers. Adenocarcinoma (28 [70%]) was the major histological subtype. Median PFS of patients receiving initial ICI was 5.7 months. The most common rechallenge regimens were ICI plus chemotherapy and/or angiogenesis inhibitor (93%). Seventeen (43%) were rechallenged with another ICI. Median PFS for ICI rechallenge was 6.8 months (95% CI 5.8–7.8). OS was immature. Tendencies for longer PFS were observed in nonsmoker or patients with adenocarcinoma, response of stable/progressive disease in initial immunotherapy, or whose treatment lines prior to ICI rechallenge were one/two. However, all results of prognostic factors were nonsignificant.

Conclusion
ICI rechallenge may be an option for NSCLC after progress to immunotherapy. Further studies to confirm the efficacy and investigate prognostic factors are warranted.
Strong eventual consistency of the collaborative editing framework WOOT
Authors: Karayel Emin , Gonzàlez Edgar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCommutative Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are a promising new class of data structures for large-scale shared mutable content in applications that only require eventual consistency. The WithOut Operational Transforms (WOOT) framework is the first CRDT for collaborative text editing introduced by Oster et al. (In: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). ACM, New York, pp 259–268, 2006a). Its eventual consistency property was verified only for a bounded model to date. While the consistency of many other previously published CRDTs had been shown immediately with their publication, the property for WOOT remained open for 14 years. We use a novel approach identifying a previously unknown sort-key based protocol that simulates the WOOT framework to show its consistency. We formalize the proof using the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant to machine-check its correctness.