bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-fed and streptozotocin-induced mice
Authors: Yan Jing , Li Junjian , Xue Qiuyan , Xie Shiqing , Jiang Jinjin , Li Pan , Du Bing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that manifests as endocrine and metabolic disorders that seriously threatening public health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus sp. DU-106 on anti-diabetic effects and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2D.

Methods and Results
Bacillus sp. DU-106 was administered to model mice for eight consecutive weeks. Oral administration of Bacillus sp. DU-106 decreased food and water intake and alleviated body weight loss. Moreover, Bacillus sp. DU-106 imparted several health benefits to mice, including balanced blood glucose, alleviation of insulin resistance in T2D mice and an improvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. DU-106 protected against liver and pancreatic impairment. Additionally, Bacillus sp. DU-106 treatment reshaped intestinal flora by enhancing gut microbial diversity and enriching the abundance of certain functional bacteria.

Conclusion
Collectively, these findings suggest that Bacillus sp. DU-106 can ameliorate T2D by regulating the gut microbiota.

Significance and Impact of Study
Therefore, a novel probiotic, Bacillus sp. DU-106 may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving and alleviating T2D in mice.
Identification of floodwater source areas in Nepal using SCIMAP‐Flood
Authors: Pearson C. J. , Reaney S. M. , Perks M. T. , Hortobagyi B. , Rosser N. J. , Large A. R. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPractical approaches for managing flooding from fluvial sources are moving away from mitigation solely at the point of impact and towards integrated catchment management. This considers the source areas, flow pathways of floodwaters and the locations and exposure to the risk of communities. For a field site in southern Nepal, we analyse catchment response to a range of simulated rainfall events, which when evaluated collectively can help guide potential flood management solutions. This is achieved through the adoption of SCIMAP‐Flood, a decision support framework that works at the catchment‐scale to identify critical source areas for floodwaters. The SCIMAP‐Flood Fitted inverse modelling approach has been applied to the East Rapti catchment, Nepal. For multiple flood impact locations throughout the catchment, SCIMAP‐Flood effectively identifies locations where flood management measures would have the most positive effects on risk reduction. The results show that the spatial targeting of mitigation measures in areas of irrigated and rainfed agriculture and the prevention of deforestation or removal of shrubland would be the most effective approaches. If these actions were in the upper catchment above Hetauda or upstream of Manahari they would have the most effective reduction in the flood peak.
Biomechanical evaluation of customized root implants in alveolar bone: A comparative study with traditional implants and natural teeth
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Chao , Hu Hongcheng , Tang Zhihui , Fan Yubo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare and evaluate density changes in alveolar bones and biomechanical responses including stress/strain distributions around customized root implants (CRIs), traditional implants, and natural teeth.Materials and methodsA three‐dimensional finite element model of the maxillary dentition defect, CRI models, traditional restored implant models, and natural teeth with periodontal tissue models were established. The chewing load of the central incisor, the traditional implant, and the CRI was 100N, and the load direction was inclined by 11° in the sagittal plane. According to the bone remodeling numerical algorithm, the bone mineral density and distribution were calculated and predicted. In addition, animal experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the implant design. The results of the simulation calculations were compared with animal experimental data in vivo to verify their validity.ResultsNo significant differences in bone mineral density and stress/strain distribution were found between the CRI and traditional implant models. The animal experimental results (X‐ray images and histological staining) were consistent with the numerical simulated results.ConclusionsCRIs were more similar to traditional implants than to natural teeth in terms of biomechanical and biological evaluation. Considering the convenience of clinical application, this biomechanical evaluation provides basic theoretical support for further applications of CRI.
Demographic modelling helps track the rapid and recent divergence of a conifer species pair from Central Mexico
Authors: Giles‐Pérez Gustavo I. , Aguirre‐Planter Erika , Eguiarte Luis E. , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSecondary contact of recently diverged species may have several outcomes, ranging from rampant hybridization to reinforced reproductive isolation. In plants, selfing tolerance and disjunct reproductive phenology may lead to reproductive isolation at contact zones. However, they may also evolve under both allopatric or parapatric frameworks and originate from adaptive and/or neutral forces. Inferring the historical demography of diverging taxa is thus a crucial step to identify factors that may have led to putative reproductive isolation. We explored various competing demographypotheses to account for the rapid divergence of a fir species complex (Abies flinckii–A. religiosa) distributed in “sky‐islands” across central Mexico (i.e., along the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt; TMVB). Despite co‐occurring in two independent sympatric regions (west and centre), these taxa rarely interbreed because of disjunct reproductive phenologies. We genotyped 1147 single nucleotide polymorphisms, generated by GBS (genotyping by sequencing), across 23 populations, and compared multiple scenarios based on the geological history of the TMVB. The best‐fitting model revealed one of the most rapid and complete speciation cases for a conifer species‐pair, dating back to ~1.2 million years ago. Coupled with the lack of support for stepwise colonization, our coalescent inferences point to an early cessation of interspecific gene flow under parapatric speciation; ancestral gene flow during divergence was asymmetrical (mostly from western firs into A. religiosa) and exclusive to the most ancient (i.e., central) contact zone. Factors promoting rapid reproductive isolation should be explored in other slowly evolving species complexes as they may account for the large tropical and subtropical diversity.
Gene expression underlying parenting and being parented shows limited plasticity in response to different ambient temperatures
Authors: Moss Jeanette B. , Cunningham Christopher B. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Moore Allen J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible interactions between parents and offspring are essential for buffering families against variable, unpredictable, and challenging environmental conditions. In the subsocial carrion beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, mid‐summer temperatures impose steep fitness costs on parents and offspring but do not elicit behavioural plasticity in parents. Here, we ask if plasticity of gene expression underpins this behavioural stability or facilitates independent compensation by larvae. To test this, we characterized gene expression of parents and offspring before and during active parenting under benign (20°C) and stressful (24°C) temperatures to identify genes of parents and offspring associated with thermal response, parenting/being parented, and gene expression plasticity associated with behavioural stability of parental care. The main effects of thermal and social condition each shaped patterns of gene expression in females, males, and larvae. In addition, we implicated 79 genes in females as “buffering” parental behaviour across environments. The majority of these underwent significant changes in expression in actively parenting mothers at the benign temperature, but not at the stressful temperature. Our results suggest that neither genetic programmes for parenting nor their effects on offspring gene expression are fundamentally different under stressful conditions, and that behavioural stability is associated primarily with the maintenance of existing genetic programmes rather than replacement or supplementation. Thus, while selection for compensatory gene expression could expand the range of thermal conditions parents will tolerate, without expanding the toolkit of genes involved selection is unlikely to lead to adaptive changes of function.
Impact of workplace bullying and resilience on new nurses' turnover intention in tertiary hospitals
Authors: Baek Gyu Li , Lee EunJu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe turnover of new nurses is a critical issue that not only causes economic loss to hospitals but also negatively affects the quality of nursing services and patient care. This study examined the impact of workplace bullying, which is an external factor, and resilience, an internal factor, on new nurses' turnover intention. The participants of this study comprised 153 nurses from two tertiary hospitals located in Korea with more than 8 weeks but less than 12 months of work experience. The factors impacting the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals were verbal and non‐verbal bullying (β = 0.27), tenacity (β = −0.24), not getting placement in the desired department (β = 0.17), and age group (β = 0.12). The regression model was significant (F = 9.23, p<0.001) based on hierarchical regression analysis, and the explanatory power of the model was 29%. It was concluded that reduction of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in the workplace, and programs that promote the tenacity of resilience, are necessary to reduce the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals.
Nursing students doing gender: Implications for higher education and the nursing profession
Authors: Andrew Lesley , Robinson Ken , Dare Julie , Costello Leesa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe average age of women nursing students in Australia is rising. With this comes the likelihood that more now begin university with family responsibilities, and with their lives structured by the roles of mother and partner. Women with more traditionally gendered ideas of these roles, such as nurturing others and self‐sacrifice, are known to be attracted to nursing as a profession; once at university, however, these students can be vulnerable to gender role stress from the competing demands of study. A qualitative research design, guided by Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy, explored the gendered behaviours and experiences of 22 women nursing students, all of whom had children and began university in a heterosexual intimate relationship. The findings reveal traditional ideas of gender were almost universal among participants, and these ideas had a significant influence on the nursing degree experience. Participants commonly prioritised family over the university and practiced maternal gatekeeping (prevention of male partner involvement in domestic work). These traditionally gendered behaviours, coupled with experiences of gender role stress, had a detrimental impact on participants' capacity to study and their personal wellbeing. The importance of these findings to the burgeoning nursing workforce shortage nursing is considered in terms of student retention and the supply of graduates into the profession. The implications to the nursing profession are also explored against the evidence that nursing students with traditional gender beliefs are less likely to develop as autonomous, critical thinking nurses compared to their gender‐egalitarian peers. The introduction of gender theory via critical pedagogy in the undergraduate nursing degree curriculum is recommended to enlighten and empower women nursing students and promote the competence, agility, and sustainability of the nursing profession.
Quality of life and lifetime achievement in adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Stanford Nicole Toscana , McAllister Jennie , Gibbons Meredith , Jensen Kristin , Lee Hannah , Rothkopf Amy , Jackson Ruslana , Farr Maryjane , Addonizio Linda , Law Sabrina , Lee Teresa , Richmond Marc , Zuckerman Warren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvival in pediatric heart transplantation has improved since the first successful transplant over 35 years ago leading to increasing numbers of patients entering adulthood. We sought to examine quality of life and various lifetime achievements in our institutional population of long‐term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant.MethodsParticipants ≥18 years of age who received a heart transplant as a pediatric patient (<18 years old), and who have survived ≥10 years post‐transplant, completed two self‐report surveys: (1) Ferrans and Powers QLI cardiac version which reports a measure of life satisfaction with a range of 0 (very dissatisfied) to 1 (very satisfied); and (2) CHONY Pediatric Heart Transplant Life Achievement Survey to examine lifetime achievement.ResultsSixty‐two and sixty‐five participants completed the Ferrans and Powers QLI cardiac version and CHONY Pediatric Heart Transplant Life Achievement Survey. The mean overall QLI was 0.75 ± 0.14 with the most satisfaction in the family domain. QLI scores were analyzed by age at initial transplant, gender, indication for transplant, and whether patients currently followed by pediatric or adult providers, with no statistically significant differences noted. Seventy‐two percent of participants demonstrated stable employment or schooling. Around thirty percent of participants showed the ability to reach academic milestones including college and post‐graduate education and ten percent to start their own families.ConclusionsOur cohort of long‐term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant report a quality of life with scores thought to be reflective of a satisfactory quality of life, and many demonstrate achievement of major life milestones.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopy findings after pediatric solid organ transplantation: A case series
Authors: Ylinen Elisa , Merras‐Salmio Laura , Jahnukainen Timo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal symptoms are common among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Information about colonoscopy findings after pediatric SOT is limited. This retrospective study reports endoscopy findings in a nationwide pediatric transplant recipient cohort.MethodsAll pediatric recipients (kidney, liver, or heart) transplanted between 2010 and 2020 at our institution (n = 193) who had undergone ileocolonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after SOT were enrolled. Sixteen patients were identified. A meticulous search on clinical data including transplantation, gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopy findings, and follow‐up data was performed.ResultsEndoscopy was performed at a median of 2.6 years (0.4–13.3) after the first transplantation (median age at SOT 1.2 years). Gastrointestinal symptoms leading to endoscopy did not differ between the different transplant groups. The leading endoscopy indications were prolonged diarrhea and anemia. PTLD was found in 8 (50%) patients. Five were histologically early PTLD lesions and three were monomorphic large B‐cell PTLDs (two EBV‐positive and one EBV‐negative), one having previously been diagnosed with autoimmune enteropathy. One patient had EBV enteritis. De novo inflammatory bowel disease was found in one patient, eosinophilic gastroenteritis in another, and in one patient with several episodes of watery diarrhea, the histological finding was mild non‐specific colitis. In four patients, the endoscopy finding remained unclear and the symptoms were suspected to be caused by infectious agents or mycophenolate.ConclusionsPTDL with various stages is a common finding after pediatric SOT in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy should be considered in transplant recipients with prolonged diarrhea, anemia, and/or abdominal pain.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome miR‐29b‐3p alleviates UV irradiation‐induced photoaging in skin fibroblast
Authors: Yan Tingting , Huang Lining , Yan Yunling , Zhong Yiping , Xie Heng , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosome (MSCs‐exo) was identified to reduce photoaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of microRNA (miR)‐29b‐3p derived from bone marrow MSCs‐exo (BMSCs‐exo) in photoaging.MethodsExosomes were isolated from BMSCs and verified by Western blot. A photoaging cell model was constructed by UVB irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) was performed to detect the mRNA levels of miR‐29b‐3p, collagen type I and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). CCK‐8, Transwell and flow cytometry were applicated to examine cell viability, migration and apoptosis. Commercial kits are used to measure levels of oxidative stress indicators. Finally, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay was applied to validate the target of miR‐29b‐3p.ResultsExtracted exosomes were positive for HSP70 and CD9. Survival of HDFs increased in an exosome concentration‐dependent manner. UVB irradiation inhibited miR‐29b‐3p levels compared with controls, but BMSCs‐exo treatment restored miR‐29b‐3p levels (p < .05). Additionally, BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p reversed the inhibition of HDFs migration and oxidative stress by UVB irradiation, as well as the promotion of apoptosis. However, this reversal was attenuated by the suppression of miR‐29b‐3p (p < .05). Furthermore, BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p also inhibited the degradation of collagen type I and the production of MMPs in photoaging, and they were also eliminated by the reduced miR‐29b‐3p. Finally, MMP‐2 was the target gene of miR‐29b‐3p.ConclusionOur study presented a novel role for BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p in improving skin photoaging function, and these findings may provide new insights into the targeted treatment of skin photoaging.
The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy
Authors: Apatzidou Danae Anastasia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTobacco smoking has been implicated in periodontal pathology through various mechanisms, including perturbations of the inflammatory and host responses to putative periodontal pathogens, alterations in the subgingival microbial communities, and a compromised healing potential of the tissues leading to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. This review provides the evidence for the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal disease in an attempt to explain possible mechanisms of how tobacco smoking may exert its negative effects on the periodontal tissues via systemic and localized pathways. Early and more recent studies explore cigarette smoking–induced changes in periodontal clinical indices; in subgingival microbial flora by employing traditional detection methods for selected microorganisms, in addition to modern techniques such as deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses that are able to fully characterize the microbial communities; and in inflammatory and immune responses critically appraising study limitations and differences in study protocol designs. Periodontal treatment outcomes and implant therapy outcomes are reviewed in an attempt to shed light on possible mechanisms for the inferior treatment outcome noted in smokers. The potential harmful effects of passive smoking are also reviewed, providing evidence for the advantages of smoking cessation. Quitting cigarette smoking should be recommended by the dentist, and effort should be made to inform smokers about the negative effects of smoking on the periodontal status and implant therapy outcomes.
Selection history and task predictability determine the precision expectations in attentional control
Authors: Abbasi Hossein , Henare Dion , Kadel Hanna , Schubö Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredictive processing frameworks have demonstrated the central role that prediction plays in a range of cognitive processes including bottom‐up and top‐down mechanisms of attention control. However, relatively little is understood about how predictive processes interact with the third main determinant of attentional priority – selection history. In this experiment, participants developed a history of either color or shape selection while we observed the impact of these histories in an additional singleton search task using behavioral measures and ERP measures of attentional control. Throughout the experiment, participants were encouraged to predict the upcoming display, but prediction errors were either high or low depending on session. Persistent group differences in our results showed that selection history contributes to the precision weighting of a stimulus, and that this is mediated by overall prediction error. Color‐singleton distractors captured attention and required greater suppression when participants had a history of color selection; however, these participants gained large benefits when the upcoming stimuli were highly predictable. We suggest that selection history modulates the precision expectations for a feature in a persistent and implicit way, producing an attentional bias that predictability can help to counteract, but cannot prevent or eliminate entirely.
Respiratory admissions before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic with mediation analysis of air pollutants, mask‐wearing and influenza rates
Authors: Ko Fanny Wai San , Lau Louis Ho Shing , Ng So Shan , Yip Terry Cheuk Fung , Wong Grace Lai Hung , Chan Ka Pang , Chan Tat On , Hui David Shu Cheong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveDecline in hospitalizations for various respiratory diseases has been reported during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but what led to such an observation is uncertain.MethodsThis was a territory‐wide, retrospective cohort study involving all public hospital admissions in Hong Kong from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD and non‐COVID pneumonia, were assessed. COVID‐related admissions were excluded from this study. The time of commencement of the pandemic was taken from the fourth week of January 2020. The associations between air pollutant levels, influenza and mask‐wearing rates with hospital admissions were assessed by mediation analyses.ResultsThere were altogether 19,485, 78,693 and 238,781 admissions for asthma, COPD and non‐COVID pneumonia from January 2017 to December 2020. There was a marked reduction in hospital admissions of asthma, COPD and non‐COVID pneumonia (37%, 36% and 12% decrease in average daily admissions, respectively) during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to before. Air pollutant levels and influenza rate were decreased while mask‐wearing rate was increased. Collinearity of mask‐wearing rates and pandemic year was observed. For COPD, NO2, SO2, PM10 and influenza rates (4%, 11%, 4% and 4% of the total effect, respectively), while for non‐COVID pneumonia, PM10 and influenza rates (11% and 52%, respectively) had significant mediation effect on changes in hospital admissions before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, a decrease in air pollutant levels and influenza rate had mediation effect on the reduction in hospitalizations of COPD and non‐COVID pneumonia.