bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of water hyacinth in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Authors: Latip Siti Noor Hajjar Md , Damanhuri Siti Nur Aida , Ibrahim Nur Diana , Chin Khor Bee , Nasruddin Mimi Fadzlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Municipal wastewater discharge is one of the most serious threats to the ecosystem. The sewage needs to be treated appropriately before the wastewater can be released into the environment. In recent years, the application of constructed wetlands, and facultative ponds treating domestic sewage has attracted attention because it is environmental approach. Vegetation considered as a dominant feature of constructed wetlands, and acts as a biotic factor in the treatment process. The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipies) appears to be a promising candidate for pollutants removal owning to its rapid growth rate and extensive root system. This study is conducted to determine the efficiency of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment for nutrient removal and to identify the best practices for water hyacinth cultivation in the sewage treatment plant (STP). Plant growths and water quality were measured to determine the suitability of water hyacinth for sewage treatment plant. Water hyacinth has a good potential to be utilized in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
Exploring the Development of Poverty Eradication Efforts in Southeast Asia: A Scientometric Perspective
Authors: Rahmah Mutia , Nooraini Afni , Hamdi Muchlis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article intends to find out the development of Southeast Asia countries efforts in eradicating the poorness by mapping proclivity of the topics in the Scopus database. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to visualize such trends. This study shows that there are 187 relevant publications yet only 20 of them specifically discuss poverty eradication efforts. Indonesia is the most productive country in publishing such efforts. Andam’s document in 2010 is the most cited article that discusses the impact of protection systems on poverty as an effort to eradicate poverty in Thailand. Furthermore, efforts to eradicate poverty in Vietnam are implemented by enhancing the poor and providing funding facilities. In the Philippines, such efforts are accomplished through strengthening the poor networking and creating community support system, while in Malaysia the focus is more on IT. Meanwhile, other countries did not specifically discuss poverty eradication efforts.
The Height of Smoke Injection and Atmospheric Conditions on Smoke Dispersion in Riau Province Using The CALIPSO
Authors: Muhlis A , Trilaksono N J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Every year, smoke is still a significant problem and challenge in Indonesia. Forest and land fires cause vast amounts of smoke, negatively affecting society, such as health by decreased air quality index and transportation through reduced visibility. Factors that affect the spread of smoke from a fire source include wind, smoke injection height, and atmospheric conditions. This study examines the smoke dispersion that occurred on 23 and 31 August 2019; and 18 September 2019 in Riau province, where smoke was identified by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). The results showed that the height of the smoke injection was relatively high, ranging from 1.6 to 2.5 km, the majority of which are above the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Winds that move from the southeast and southwest with a speed of 3-5 m/s support the growth of the smoke column and the transportation of smoke from the fires to the downtown area of Pekanbaru. A secondary stable layer in the lower layer supports the fumigation process, which resulted in a decrease in the air quality index in Pekanbaru at the event to an unhealthy level and visibility up to 2 km.
IMERG-E satellite rainfall estimation error decomposition for early warning use in several parts of Indonesia
Authors: Pandiangan A E C , Syahputra M R , Hadi T W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An early warning can be used with rainfall input from satellite estimation to prevent and reduce losses due to flood risk. IMERG-E satellite rainfall estimation has fast time latency and can be used for this purpose. We tried to separate systematic and random components of the error of IMERG-E rainfall estimation. An additive error model used for this decomposition assumes that the linear function can fit the relationship between satellite and references measurements. The references measurements are hourly hellman rain gauges in several parts of Indonesia. The result shows that more stations have dominant systematic components in JJA than in DJF seasons. In 1-hr temporal, the random components are more dominant (>50%) in almost all study areas. Systematic components are dominant at Padang Pariaman and Jembrana stations (>50%) for all periods. Coarse spatial aggregation (0.2° and 0.3°) increased systematic components and lowered temporal (3-hr and 6-hr) decrease systematic components throughout the study area. Dominant random components in almost the entire study area show IMERG-E challenging to correct, and caution is needed when used as input for early warning in most parts of Indonesia. Bias reduction IMERG-E in Indonesia needs to be developed considering different seasons and locations.
Cropping patterns of shifting cultivation farming in Palasa Highlands, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Syafruddin  , Suwitra I Ketut , Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Rahayu Heni SP , Saidah  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The research stages consist of identification on potential application of agricultural technology and study on cropping patterns, namely cropping pattern of shallot-shallot-shallot and shallot-peanut- shallot. The research was carried out from November to October 2017 in mountainous area that many farmers were engaged in nomadic farming. The study aims to identify problems and potential land use for the application of agricultural technology and study appropriate cropping patterns to increase income for shifting cultivation. The results showed that the condition of the land was less fertile, very steep slope with traditional existing farming technology, so the risk of crop failure was very high and the land quality decreased very quickly due to the erosion. The results of the analysis of farming feasibility and Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) in the introduction of cropping patterns is very feasible to be developed with B/C and MBCR values more than 1.
A three-dimensional numerical study on the effect of geometric asymmetry on arcjet thruster performance
Authors: NANDYALA Hari Prasad , KUMAR Amit , THANKAPPAN Jayachandran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In an arcjet thruster, the cathode and constrictor degrade with time, and the electrical arc discharge may become unsymmetrical. In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model of a hydrogen plasma arcjet is developed and validated to study the effect of unsymmetrical electric arc discharge on thruster performance. The unsymmetrical arc discharge is realized by introducing a radial shift of the cathode so that the cathode tip offset is 80 μm (25% of the constrictor radius). Simulations are conducted for both axially centered cathode (coaxial) and off-centered cathode (non-coaxial) configurations with identical propellant flow rates and input current. Simulations show asymmetrical arc discharge in the non-coaxial cathode configuration, resulting in azimuthally asymmetric Joule heating, species concentrations, and velocity field. This asymmetry continues as the plasma expands in the divergent section of the nozzle. Temperature, species concentrations, and axial velocity exhibit asymmetric radial distribution at the nozzle exit. The computed Joule heating was found to reduce with cathode shift, and consequently, the thrust and specific impulse of the thruster was decreased by about 6.6%. In the case of the non-coaxial cathode, geometric asymmetry also induces a small side thrust.
Frequency and clinical outcomes of pharmacist-driven switching from warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants in an underserved patient population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bartholomew Rebekah R , Noble Brie N , Stanislaw Jennifer J , Viehmann Megan , Herink Megan C , Furuno Jon P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) medications have improved safety, efficacy, and laboratory monitoring requirements compared to warfarin. However, available data are limited on the frequency and clinical outcomes of pharmacist-driven warfarin-to-DOAC switches. We aimed to quantify the frequencies and rationale of warfarin-to-DOAC switches in an underserved population. We also assessed clinical outcomes and compliance with recommended laboratory monitoring after switches.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adult (age 18 years or older) patients on warfarin who were assessed by a clinical pharmacist for switch appropriateness to a DOAC. Study data were collected via manual chart review and included demographics, comorbid illnesses, switch status, the rationale for or against switching, incidence of thromboses and bleeds within 6 months of the switch assessment, and the time to the first complete blood count and renal and hepatic function tests after the switch. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive statistics, including the mean and SD, median and interquartile range, and frequencies and percentages.

Results
Among 189 eligible patients, 108 (57%) were switched from warfarin to a DOAC. The primary rationales for switching were less monitoring (64%) and labile international normalized ratio (32%). The main reason against switching was DOAC inappropriateness (53%), such as in morbid obesity (14%). Patient preference was commonly cited in both groups (54% and 36%, respectively). The overall incidence of thrombotic events (9%) and bleeds (15%) after switch assessment was low. Laboratory monitoring after switches was consistent with current recommendations.

Conclusion
No increase in harm was observed 6 months after switch assessment when pharmacists at a family medicine clinic switched underserved patients from warfarin to DOACs.
Genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of the dioecious palmChamaedorea tepejilote(Arecaceae) in Costa Rica: the role of mountain ranges and possible refugia
Authors: Fuchs Eric J , Cascante-Marín Alfredo , Madrigal-Brenes Ruth , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGene flow connects populations and is necessary to sustain effective population sizes, and genetic diversity. In the Lower Central American (LCA) region, the complex topographic and climatic history have produced a wide variety of habitats resulting in high biodiversity. Phylogeographic studies of plants from this area are scarce, and to date none have been conducted on palms. We used SSR and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to study the genetic diversity and structure of populations of the understory palm Chamaedorea tepejilote in Costa Rica. We found that populations of C. tepejilote have moderate to high nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic diversity, likely due to large population sizes and its outcrossing mating system. Habitat loss and fragmentation may have contributed to increased genetic structure within slopes. High-elevation mountain ranges appeared to be a significant barrier for gene flow among populations in the Caribbean and Pacific slopes; however, ranges are permeable through low-elevation passes. In contrast, most populations had a single distinct cpDNA haplotype, supporting the hypothesis of several isolated populations that experienced decline that likely resulted in eroded cytoplasmic genetic diversity within populations. The haplotype network and Bayesian analysis linked populations in the Caribbean and the southern Pacific coast, suggesting that gene flow between Pacific and Caribbean populations may have occurred through the southern extreme of the Talamanca Mountain range in Panama, a colonization pathway not previously suggested for LCA plants. This is one of the first phylogeographic studies conducted on tropical palms in the LCA region and the first in the genus Chamaedorea, which sheds light on possible gene flow and dispersal patterns of C. tepejilote in Costa Rica. Our results also highlight the importance of mountain ranges on shaping gene flow patterns of Neotropical plants.
Behind the veil: the effect of banning the Islamic veil in schools
Authors: Maurin Éric , Navarrete H Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Islamic veil is a subject of intense controversy in many Western countries. In particular, it remains an open question whether banning the veil in schools prevents female Muslim students from engaging in normal schooling, or whether it is a policy that promotes their integration. We shed light on this question by exploring the effects of the 1994 ministerial circular that required French schools to ban Islamic veils. We show that the ban coincided with a significant improvement in the educational attainment of female students of Muslim origin, as well as a rise in mixed marriages.
Peak Expiratory Flow Predicts Incident Dementia in a Representative Sample of U.S. Older Adults: The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).
Authors: Donahue Patrick T , Xue Qian-Li , Carlson Michelle C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Dementia is an increasingly important public health problem with various risk factors. Respiratory function, measured via peak expiratory flow (PEF), may be a modifiable dementia risk factor.

Methods
We investigated the association between PEF and incident dementia in 5 935 older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) from 2011 to 2014. Baseline PEF, expressed as a standardized residual (SR) percentile, was analyzed as a predictor of incident dementia using discrete-time proportional hazards models, while controlling for several health and sociodemographic covariates.

Results
After 14 332 person-years of follow-up, 9.0% (N = 536) had incident cases of dementia. Compared to the lowest PEF category (SR-percentile &lt; 10%), the highest PEF category (SR-percentile ≥ 80%) had 49% lower risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.37, 0.71]), and the second highest PEF category (SR-percentile 50%–80%) had 25% lower risk of incident dementia (HR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.56, 1.00]). A sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation to account for missing PEF measurements yielded similar associations with incident dementia.

Conclusion
These associations suggest a dose–dependent relationship such that higher PEF categories were more protective against incident dementia. PEF may be considered as an easily administered, low-cost measure of respiratory function and a potentially modifiable dementia risk factor. Improving PEF may reduce dementia risk through vascular mechanisms, such as increased brain oxygenation. Future research should explore potential causal pathways between PEF and dementia.
Age Differences in Prosocial Behavior Depend on Effort Costs
Authors: Byrne Kaileigh A , Lockwood Patricia L , Ghaiumy Anaraky Reza , Liu Yizhou 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined age differences in willingness to engage in effortful and effortless prosocial behavior for a fully anonymous recipient.

Method
Participants were recruited through the Prolific online recruitment platform. In Experiment 1, older (N = 46) and younger (N = 65) adults completed the “pay-it-forward” effortful decision-making task with fixed effort demands and a version of the Dictator Game, an effortless prosocial decision-making task. In Experiment 2, older (N = 38) and younger (N = 42) adults completed the Dictator Game and a modified pay-it-forward decision-making task in which effort demands were calibrated to one’s ability.

Results
In both Experiments 1 and 2, older adults were more prosocial than younger adults on the effortless Dictator Game. In Experiment 1, older adults were less prosocial across all trials of the effortful pay-it-forward task. However, when the task was more achievable in Experiment 2, older adults were only less prosocial when the probability of a reward was low.

Discussion
In everyday life, many prosocial contexts depend on effort expenditure. When prosocial activities are effortful, older adults are less willing to engage in prosocial behavior, particularly when reward likelihood is low, and instead focus on resource conservation. In the absence of such effort costs, older adults are more prosocial than younger adults. This work suggests that older adults may prefer to engage in prosocial behavior more than younger adults, but physical resource constraints may limit their ability to engage in such effortful prosocial activities.
Martingale product estimators for sensitivity analysis in computational statistical physics
Authors: Plecháč Petr , Stoltz Gabriel , Wang Ting 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We introduce a new class of estimators for the linear response of steady states of stochastic dynamics. We generalize the likelihood ratio approach and formulate the linear response as a product of two martingales, hence the name ‘martingale product estimators’. We present a systematic derivation of the martingale product estimator, and show how to construct such estimator so that its bias is consistent with the weak order of the numerical scheme that approximates the underlying stochastic differential equation. Motivated by the estimation of transport properties in molecular systems, we present a rigorous numerical analysis of the bias and variance for these new estimators in the case of Langevin dynamics. We prove that the variance is uniformly bounded in time and derive a specific form of the estimator for second-order splitting schemes for Langevin dynamics. For comparison, we also study the bias and variance of a Green–Kubo (GK) estimator, motivated, in part, by its variance growing linearly in time. We compare on illustrative numerical tests the new estimators with results obtained by the GK method.
Tomographic Alcock–Paczynski method with redshift errors
Authors: Xiao Liang , Huang Zhiqi , Zheng Yi , Wang Xin , Li Xiao-Dong 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) method is a promising method that uses the redshift evolution of anisotropic clustering in redshift space to calibrate cosmology. It extends the applicable range of the AP method to substantially nonlinear scales, yielding very tight cosmological constraints. For future stage-IV slitless spectroscopic surveys, non-negligible redshift errors might reduce the advantage of the tomographic AP method by suppressing the resolution of the nonlinear structure along the line of sight. The present work studies how redshift errors propagate to cosmological parameters in tomographic AP analysis. We use a formula σz = σ(1 + z)α to model the redshift errors, with σ varying from 0.001 to 0.006 and α varying from 0.5 to 1.5. The redshift errors produce a signal of anisotropic clustering that is similar to a strong Finger-of-God effect, which smears out both the AP signal and the contamination caused by redshift-space distortions (RSD). For the target precision of the Chinese Space Station Telescope optical survey (σ ≲ 0.002), the decrement of constraining power on the dark energy equation of state is mild ($\lesssim 50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), and the suppression of RSD contamination leads to a smaller bias-to-signal ratio. Our results indicate that the tomographic AP method will remain a useful and complementary tool for analyses of future slitless spectroscopic surveys.
The galaxy morphology–density relation in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: Pfeffer Joel , Cavanagh Mitchell K , Bekki Kenji , Couch Warrick J , Drinkwater Michael J , Forbes Duncan A , Koribalski Bärbel S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The optical morphology of galaxies is strongly related to galactic environment, with the fraction of early-type galaxies increasing with local galaxy density. In this work, we present the first analysis of the galaxy morphology–density relation in a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We use a convolutional neural network, trained on observed galaxies, to perform visual morphological classification of galaxies with stellar masses $M_\ast \gt 10^{10} \, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ in the EAGLE simulation into elliptical, lenticular and late-type (spiral/irregular) classes. We find that EAGLE reproduces both the galaxy morphology–density and morphology–mass relations. Using the simulations, we find three key processes that result in the observed morphology–density relation: (i) transformation of disc-dominated galaxies from late-type (spiral) to lenticular galaxies through gas stripping in high-density environments, (ii) formation of lenticular galaxies by merger-induced black hole feedback in low-density environments, and (iii) an increasing fraction of high-mass galaxies, which are more often elliptical galaxies, at higher galactic densities.
COMET: Clustering observables modelled by emulated perturbation theory
Authors: Eggemeier Alexander , Camacho-Quevedo Benjamin , Pezzotta Andrea , Crocce Martin , Scoccimarro Román , Sánchez Ariel G 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present COMET, a Gaussian process emulator of the galaxy power spectrum multipoles in redshift space. The model predictions are based on one-loop perturbation theory and we consider two alternative descriptions of redshift-space distortions: one that performs a full expansion of the real- to redshift-space mapping, as in recent effective field theory models, and another that preserves the non-perturbative impact of small-scale velocities by means of an effective damping function. The outputs of COMET can be obtained at arbitrary redshifts, for arbitrary fiducial background cosmologies, and for a large parameter space that covers the shape parameters ωc, ωb, and ns, as well as the evolution parameters h, As, ΩK, w0, and wa. This flexibility does not impair COMET’s accuracy, since we exploit an exact degeneracy between the evolution parameters that allows us to train the emulator on a significantly reduced parameter space. While the predictions are sped up by two orders of magnitude, validation tests reveal an accuracy of $0.1\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the monopole and quadrupole ($0.3\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the hexadecapole), or alternatively, better than $0.25\, \sigma$ for all three multipoles in comparison to statistical uncertainties expected for the Euclid survey with a tenfold increase in volume. We show that these differences translate into shifts in mean posterior values that are at most of the same size, meaning that COMET can be used with the same confidence as the exact underlying models. COMET is a publicly available python package that also provides the tree-level bispectrum multipoles and Gaussian covariance matrices.