bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the size of the breast lump and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with carcinoma of breast.
Authors: Saad Sanjeeda , Hossain SM Amjad , Islam Majedul 
Published: November 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females, accounting for 23 percent of total cancer cases and 14 percent of cancer deaths.1 The lifetime probability of developing breast cancer is one in six overall (one in eight for invasive disease).2 In Bangladesh breast cancer is the 2nd most common cancer and also 2nd most leading cause of cancer death among the female population after cervical cancer.3 Despite the decreases in incidence rates in North America, breast cancer incidence has been increasing in other parts of the world, such as Asia and Africa. These international differences are thought to be related to societal changes occurring during industrialization.4,5
Methods: This was a Prospective Observational cross-sectional studyconducted among the 150 adult patients of breast carcinoma admitted in Department of surgery of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Ahsania Mission Cancer & General Hospital during July 2012 to June 2013. After admission in surgery department, diagnosed patients (by ultrasonography and FNAC) with breast cancer were evaluated by history and physical examination, ultrasonography or mammography in a data collection sheet by the study physician.Tumor size was measured by physical examination, ultrasonography or mammography and during histopathological slide preparation. Histopathology of the dissected axillary lymph nodes determined the axillary lymph node status.Case record forms with appropriate questionnaire were filled for all patients.
Results: This prospective documented study enrolled 150 cases of diagnosed breast cancer patient. The mean (+SD) age of the patients was 42.16 + 11.18 years with the range from 18 – 65 years. In this study, commonest presentation was painless breast lump in case of 84% patients. Next to it was nipple retraction (40%). Clinically, 52% of study populations were at stage II. Histologically, most of the tumor was at T2 stage (2.1 to 5 cm). Duct cell carcinoma was the predominant histological type (99.33%) and 58% patient had grade II tumors. 66% population showed metastasis of tumor cells in the axillary lymph node(s). Frequency of axillary lymph node metastasis increased as the tumor size increased. We found 33.33% T1 tumors had axillary lymph node metastasis, where as 58.97% T2 tumors and 93.75% T3 tumors showed axillary lymph node metastasis respectively.
AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 107-112
Validity of DCIP Method for Rapid Screening of Haemoglobin E Trait
Authors: Ahmed Abul Kashem Jalaluddin , Khondaker Tarannum , Amin Syed Khairul 
Published: November 2022

Background: Hemoglobin E B thalassemia is the commonest thalassemia syndrome in Bangladesh. All tests for diagnosis of Hb E trait are expensive,time consuming and require sophisticated equipment. The need therefore, is a simple,low cost ,rapid and reliable test which can be used for mass screening of E trait. The present study was designed to see the validity of DCIP test as screening test for detection of E Trait.
Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from December 2008 to November 2009. Total 150 subjects attending Dhaka Shishu Hospital Thalassemia centre were selected and evaluated for Hb estimation, RBC indices, Hb Electrophoresis and DCIP test. According to electrophoresis results patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I comprised of 50 subjects with Hb E trait, group II comprised 51 subjects with ß thalassemia trait and Group III comprised of 49 normal subjects. In all 3 groups DCIP test was done and in positive cases, precipitated haemoglobin was visualized by naked eye at the bottom of the test tube. Negative samples with normal electrophoresis and ß thalassemia trait were used to see the samples gave false positive result.
Results: The test successfully detected 48 subjects among total 50 subjects of E trait. DCIP sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 96%,97%,94.12% and 97.97% respectively.
Conclusion: DCIP has high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. So, it might be considered as a valid single screening test to detect E Trait in areas with limited laboratory facilities and economic resources.
AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 113-119
Clinical Characteristics of Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients During First Hospital Reporting
Authors: Chowdhury M Alamgir , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Shil Arpan D K , Chowdhury Farid Hossain , Rahman Ekhlasur 
Published: November 2022

Background: Covid-19 is a new disease first originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is now pandemic globally1, 2. The disease affected almost all countries of the world.
Aims and objectives: To see different aspects of clinical presentations of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Methods: Subjects tested, admitted and treated were included in the study. Total 441 cases were included for the study. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed.
Results: Male: female ratio, n= 441, Ratio= 2.4:1. Nasopharyngeal swab was positive in 59% and 41% oropharyngeal sample was positive. 74% test was positive among 220 patients and 26% negative. Smoking accounts for 65% among predisposing factors. Among the co-morbid conditions Hypertension accounts for 37%, Bronchial asthma 23%, Diabetes mellitus 30%. Clinical symptoms were fever 90%, body ache 95%, cough 80%, and headache were 75%. Other symptoms were less. Symptoms may one or more in the same patient. In our series 30 (07%) cases were had respiratory distress. All of them needed hospital admission. 27 of them were cured by oxygen and medications.Nine patients were trans- ferred to ICU, where they succumbed to death 2%.
Conclusion: In this COVID-19 pandemic no symptom should be neglected. Prompt consultation, appropriate test and early, adequate and aggressive treatment should be instituted according to severity.
AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 120-123
A Study on Etiology of Chronic Kidney Disease among Young Patients in Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoregonj
Authors: Chowdhury Md Rashed Alam , Bhuiyan Bahar Uddin , Saad Sanjeeda , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Jaben Irena , Kabir Sazia 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), an important, chronic, noncommunicable disease is now one of the major public health problems in our country. Early detection of CKD is crucial to prevent its progression, and thereby, to potentially improve its outcome. Number of young patients with CKD are increasing day by day. Only a few studies are done in our country to assess etiology of CKD in young patients. This study was aimed to assess the etiology of CKD in young patients.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 150 patients of CKD between 15- and 40-years age who presented to Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoregonj from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019. They were clinically evaluated and underwent relevant investigations including renal biopsy in indicated cases.
Results: In this study, there was an overall male preponderance (60.67%) with age range of 31-35 years (32%). Most common symptoms of presentation were related to gastrointestinal disturbances (70%), breathlessness (66%), easy fatigability (62%), and urinary disturbances (56%). Pallor, pedal edema and facial puffiness were major clinical features. Small kidneys were seen in 65.33% of patients. 90 % of patients had proteinuria. Majority (46.67%) had CKD of unknown etiology. In this unknown etiology patients, most of them were found to have chronic glomerulonephritis based on clinical presentation and other supporting investigations. Diabetic nephropathy and obstructive uropathy were found in 13.33% patients. 80% patients were presented in stage IV and stage V CKD. Histopathologically, etiology was proven among 46 patients (30.67%) with renal biopsy.
Conclusion: It is concluded that male patients in the second and third decades were in the majority requiring medical care. Chronic Glomerulonephritis of unknown causes constitutes a major etiology among the young presenting in late stages of CKD.
AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 124-127
An Unusual Case of Intestinal Obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Kuntal , Arif Abdus Salam , Rahman Md Ekhlasur , Ahamed Qazi Sazib , Ajahar Ashika Binte , Shapnil Ahammed Ali 
Published: November 2022

A 6 years and 6 month old child hailing from Dhaka admitted into AKMMCH with the complaints of abdominal pain for 3 days and vomiting for 1 day. Abdominal pain was in umbilical region, severe, colicky, non-radiating and aggravated after taking meal. Patient’s mother also complained about vomiting for 1 day, 3-4 times, contained ingested food particle and associated with anorexia. Patient did not pass the stool for 1 day. Patient was infested with Ascaris lumbricoids 6 months back. On examination vitals were normal, abdomen was soft and tender, there was ill defined lump present in right iliac fossa, firm in consistency, adhere to underlying structures and free from overlying skin. So it is clinically diagnosed as a case of intestinal obstruction with appendicular lump. Further investigations confirmed that it is a case of intestinal obstruction due to worm bolus.
AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 140-144
Peningkatan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika melalui metode resitasi pada siswa sma
Authors: Nurhayati Sita , Astuti Erni Puji , Darmono Prasetyo Budi 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan menerapkan metode pembelajaran resitasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 3 SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo, yaitu sebanyak 36 siswa. Peneltian ini dilaksanakan 2 siklus. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengamatan, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Semua data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa kemandirian belajar siswa dengan kriteria minimal baik pada siklus I sebanyak 17 siswa atau sebesar 47,22% dan pada siklus II sebanyak 30 siswa atau sebesar 83,33%. Jadi dari siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 13 siswa atau sebesar 36,11 % dengan rerata kemandirian belajar pada siklus II sebesar 80,15% dan sudah mencapai target minimal 76%. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada siklus I terdapat 18 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan kriteria minimal baik atau sebesar 50% dan pada siklus II sebanyak 27 siswa atau sebesar 75%. Jadi dari siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 9 siswa atau sebesar 25% dengan rerata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada siklus II sebesar 85,53% juga sudah mencapai target minimal 76%. Dengan demikian penerapan metode Resitasi pada pembelajaran matematika mampu meningkatkan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa.Kata kunci: kemandirian belajar, pemecahan masalah matematika, resitasi
CRYSTALS GROWTH AND REFINEMENT OF THE Cu3SbSe3 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Chorba Onika , Filep Mykhailo , Pogodin Artem , Malakhovska Tetyana , Sabov Marjan 
Published: November 2022

The technology of thermoelectric converters, based on the Peltier and Seebeck effects, provides a reversible process of convert in thermal and electrical energy. This opens up prospects for the creation of both thermoelectric coolers and thermoelectric generators. The most widely studied class of thermoelectric materials are complex chalcogenides. In recent years, copper-containing chalcogenides have been actively researched as new highly effective and ecologically friendly thermoelectric materials. The Cu–Sb–Se ternary system are characterized by the existence of three phases CuSbSe2, Cu3SbSe3 and Cu3SbSe4. Among these compounds, the Cu3SbSe3 phase is characterized by the lowest thermal conductivity.
The synthesis of the Cu3SbSe3 polycrystalline alloy was carried out using high purity elementally components. The synthesis was carried out in vacuumed quartz ampoules by a one-temperature, two-stage process. Taking into account the incongruent melting of Cu3SbSe3, the single crystal growth was carried out by the method of vertical zone crystallization from a solution-melt in vacuumed conical quartz ampoules. As a result, the grown single crystal was dark gray color with metallic luster, without defects with length ~ 40 mm and diameter 12 mm.
Obtained single crystalline sample of Cu3SbSe3 was investigated by DTA method. The heating curve contains one endothermic effect at 530°С, which corresponds to the process of peritectic decomposition of Cu3SbSe3. The effect corresponding to the melting of all components in the quartz container is not fixed. However, it is clearly visible on the cooling curve at 712 °С. The exothermic effect of crystallization of Cu3SbSe3 (503 °С) is clear and sharp and is observed with supercooling ΔТ = 27 °С. To confirm the single crystallinity of grown Cu3SbSe3 sample, an XRD analysis of the natural surface was carried out. The diffraction pattern shows two clear and narrow diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (400) planes at angles of 22.27° and 45.42°, respectively. The crystal structure of the obtained Cu3SbSe3 single crystal was investigated by XRD analysis using the Rietveld full-profile refinement method. Established that Cu3SbSe3 crystallize in orthorhombic crystal system, SGPnma with lattice parameters: a = 7.9668 Å, b = 10.65870 Å, c = 6.8207 Å, Z = 4.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 3d-­METAL COMPLEXES WITH BIS(PHOSPHONOMETHYL)AMINOSUNRIC ACID
Authors: Trunova Elena , Rusakova Mariya , Makotryk Tamara 
Published: November 2022

New complexes of 3d-metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) with bis(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinic acid (H6BPMAS) have been synthesized. The complexes were studied in aqueous solutions at ratios M2+:H6BPMAS = 1:1 in a wide pH range (1÷10). Regardless of the nature of the metal, the formation of complexes of the general composition [M(HnBPMAS)(OH)m] (n= 4÷0, m=1÷0) is shown. The stability constants of the formed differently protonated complexes are calculated and diagrams of their distribution are plotted. It is shown that the process of complexation takes place most completely in the region of pH>4. For all bis(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinates of 3d metals, the dominance of the complex with one form of the ligand occurs in approximately the same pH ranges. A close order of change in the values of lgKst. complexes testifies to the same type of structure of their internal coordination sphere.
Solid complexes of the composition Na4[MBPMAS]⋅4H2O were synthesized. Their composition, structure, and thermal characteristics were determined by the set of me­thods such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, DTA and non-quantitative mass spectrometry. It is proved that the complexes have the structure of a distorted octahedron, in which the 3-d metal ions are bound to the oxygen atoms of the carboxyl and phosphonic groups and the tertiary nitrogen atom of the ligand. At the same time, two 5-membered (aminomethylenephosphonic and glycine) and one 6-membered (β-alanine) metallocycles are formed in bis(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinates.
The biological activity of H6BPMAS and its complexes with Ni(II) and Co(II) against non-pathogenic bacterial species of microorganisms Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aureofaciens was studied. The study of the activity of substances was carried out in a liquid sterile Hiss medium. The maxi­mum stimulating effect on the growth of bacterial cultures for the studied compounds was recorded at a concentration of 1 µM in 24 hours after the start of cultivation of mic­ro­organisms. The highest growth of microorganisms was recorded for metal complexes (50% Na4[CoBPMAS]·4H2O and 35% Na4[NiBPMAS]·4H2O). The maximum stimulating effect on the growth of bacterial cultures is shown by the Co(II) complex, which is able to initiate the synthesis of one of the most important growth hormones - heteroauxin.
Evaluation of C-reactive protein as predictor of adverse prognosis in acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 18,715 individuals
Authors: Liu Shijie , Jiang Hongcheng , Dhuromsingh Menaka , Dai Lei , Jiang Yue , Zeng Hesong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundProper prognostic biomarker is of great importance for clinical decision-making in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although recently emerges plenty of novel inflammatory biomarkers, the canonical inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein still plays an important role in prognosing adverse post-infarction complications.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Medline were systematically searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2021, conforming with standards set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.ResultsA total of 23 studies were eventually eligible for this meta-analysis, including 18,715 individuals. Our findings showed that elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) had a statistically significant superiority in predicting all-cause mortality (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: [2.71, 3.84], p &lt; 0.00001), cardiovascular death (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: [2.30, 4.61], p &lt; 0.00001), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (OR: 2.85, 95% CI [2.08, 3.90], p &lt; 0.00001), heart failure (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: [1.48, 3.54], p = 0.0002), recurrent myocardial infarction (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: [1.28, 2.43], p &lt; 0.001), and restenosis (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: [1.18, 2.47], p = 0.004). Subgroup analysis implies that CRP had better performance in predicting plenty of hospitalization and short-term (&lt;12 months) adverse prognosis than long-term prognosis and Asian patients with elevated CRP were under more risk in adverse prognosis after PCI than Europeans.ConclusionOur meta-analysis suggests that CRP is a prospective predictor of the prognosis in patients with AMI undergoing PCI, especially in hospitalization and short-term and in the Asian group.
Effect of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation with mitral or aortic stenosis: A review
Authors: Guo Guigao , Liang Shucheng , Guan Zeyu , Zhu Ke 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSeveral studies have summarized the clinical performance of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with mitral stenosis or aortic stenosis. The significance of this review was to provide clinicians the latest update of the clinical application of DOACs in managing this specific population.MethodsLiteratures from the PubMed database up to July 2022 were screened for inclusion. Studies on the effect of DOACs in patients suffering from AF with mitral or aortic stenosis were assessed for further selection.ResultsResults from four studies were gathered: the RISE MS trial, the DAVID-MS study, and two observational studies. In the Korean observational study with a 27-month follow-up duration and a sample population consisted of patients with mitral stenosis and AF, the thromboembolic events happened at a rate of 2.22%/ year in the DOAC group and 4.19%/year in the warfarin group (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.18–0.45). Intracranial hemorrhage occurred at rates of 0.49% and 0.93% in the DOAC and the warfarin groups, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.22–1.26). In the Danish observational study, which had a sample pool with AF patients with aortic stenosis, reported that the adjusted hazard ratios for thromboembolism and major bleeding were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.08–2.45) and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59–0.91) for DOACs compared with warfarin during 3 years of follow-up. In the RISE-MS trial involving AF patients with mitral stenosis, there were no differences in ischemic stroke, systemic embolic events, or major bleeding between the rivaroxaban vs. warfarin groups during a 1-year follow-up as well as equal rate of increased thrombogenicity in the left atrial appendage at 6 months. The rate of silent cerebral ischemia at 12 months was higher in the warfarin group (17.6%) than that in the rivaroxaban group (13.3%).ConclusionsCurrent published studies supported DOACs' effectiveness in preventing thromboembolism in patients of AF with mitral or aortic stenosis. Further clinical trials could confirm these findings.
The role of stress echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair era: A systematic review
Authors: Pavasini Rita , Fabbri Gioele , Bianchi Nicola , Deserio Maria Angela , Sanguettoli Federico , Zanarelli Luca , Tonet Elisabetta , Passarini Giulia , Serenelli Matteo , Campo Gianluca 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIn the last decade, percutaneous treatment of valve disease has changed the approach toward the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral regurgitation (MR). The clinical usefulness of stress echocardiography (SE) in the candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of MR remains to be established. Therefore, the key aim of this review is to assess the main applications of SE in patients undergoing TAVI or TEER.MethodsWe searched for relevant studies to be included in the systematic review on PubMed (Medline), Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Biomed Central databases. The literature search was conducted in February 2022. The inclusion criteria of the studies were: observational and clinical trials or meta-analysis involving patients with AS or MR evaluated with SE (excluding those in which SE was used only for screening of pseudo-severe stenosis) and treated with percutaneous procedures.ResultsThirteen studies published between 2013 and 2021 were included in the review: five regarding candidates for TEER and eight for TAVI. In TEER candidates, seeing an increase in MR grade, and stroke volume of &gt;40% during SE performed before treatment was, respectively, related to clinical benefits (p = 0.008) and an increased quality of life. Moreover, overall, 25% of patients with moderate secondary MR at rest before TEER had the worsening of MR during SE. At the same time, in SE performed after TEER, an increase in mean transvalvular diastolic gradient and in systolic pulmonary pressure is expected, but without sign and symptoms of heart failure. Regarding TAVI, several studies showed that contractile reserve (CR) is not predictive of post-TAVI ejection fraction recovery and mortality in low-flow low-gradient AS either at 30 days or at long-term.ConclusionThis systematic review shows in TEER candidates, SE has proved useful in the optimization of patient selection and treatment response, while its role in TAVI candidates is less defined. Therefore, larger trials are needed to test and confirm the utility of SE in candidates for percutaneous procedures of valve diseases.