bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Internal Validation of the Postoperative Analgesic Intake Needs Score: A Predictive Model for Post-Operative Narcotic Requirement after Spine Surgery
Authors: Johnson Zachary D. , Connors Scott W. , Christian Zachary , Badejo Olatunde , Adeyemo Emmanuel , Pernik Mark N. , Barrie Umaru , Caruso James P. , Kafka Benjamin , Neeley Om J , Hall Kristen , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y , Dahdaleh Nader S , Reisch Joan S. , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: January 2022

Study Design Retrospective Cohort. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a clinical tool to pre-operatively risk-stratify patients undergoing spine surgery based on their likelihood to have high postoperative analgesic requirements. Methods A total of 1199 consecutive patients undergoing elective spine surgery over a 2-year period at a single center were included. Patients not requiring inpatient admission, those who received epidural analgesia, those who had two surgeries at separate sites under one anesthesia event, and those with a length of stay greater than 10 days were excluded. The remaining 860 patients were divided into a derivation and validation cohort. Pre-operative factors were collected by review of the electronic medical record. Total postoperative inpatient opioid intake requirements were converted into morphine milligram equivalents to standardize postoperative analgesic requirements. Results The postoperative analgesic intake needs (PAIN) score was developed after the following predictor variables were identified: age, race, history of depression/anxiety, smoking status, active pre-operative benzodiazepine use and pre-operative opioid use, and surgical type. Patients were risk-stratified based on their score with the high-risk group being more likely to have high opioid consumption postoperatively compared to the moderate and low-risk groups in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Conclusion The PAIN Score is a pre-operative clinical tool for patients undergoing spine surgery to risk stratify them based on their likelihood for high analgesic requirements. The information can be used to individualize a multi-modal analgesic regimen rather than utilizing a “one-size fits all” approach.
Apophysitis Among Male Youth Soccer Players at an Elite Soccer Academy Over 7 Seasons
Authors: Gudelis Mindaugas , Perez Luis Til , Cabello Javier Trujillano , Leal Daniel Medina , Monaco Mauricio , Sugimoto Dai 
Published: January 2022

Background: Apophyseal injuries are common in children and adolescent athletes. These injuries are believed to be caused by repetitive overloading, which can create inflammatory and degenerative conditions in growing bone prominences. However, their prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment in young soccer players have been understudied. Purpose: To evaluate characteristics of apophyseal injuries in adolescent athletes at an elite soccer academy. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All apophyseal injuries between July 2008 and June 2015 were evaluated. For each injury, the authors recorded the type and location, age of the player, injury date, imaging modalities, and time absent from training/competition. Results: Over the 7 seasons of this study, 210 apophyseal injuries were documented, including 172 simple apophyseal injuries and 38 apophyseal avulsion fractures. The rate of apophyseal injuries was 0.35 per 1000 hours of training exposure. A total of 196 (93.3%) cases were primary injuries, and the rest (6.7%) were reinjuries. Ultrasonography was the most commonly used imaging modality for diagnosis (172 cases; 81.9%). The most common location of apophyseal injuries was the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). Return to sport was faster in athletes with apophyseal injury at the ischiopubic ramus, those with simple apophyseal injuries, and younger athletes. Conclusion: The most common location for apophyseal injury among soccer players was the AIIS. Return to training and competition differed according to injury location, type of apophyseal injury, and age.
Biomarkers to identifyMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection among borderline QuantiFERON results
Authors: Uzorka Jonathan W. , Bakker Jaap A. , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , Leyten Eliane M.S. , Delfos Nathalie M. , Hetem David J. , Kerremans Jos , Zwarts Mieke , Cozijn Sandra , Ottenhoff Tom H.M. , Joosten Simone A. , Arend Sandra M. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundScreening for tuberculosis (TB) infection often includes QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT) testing. Previous studies showed that two-thirds of patients with negative QFT results just below the cut-off, so-called borderline test results, nevertheless had other evidence of TB infection. This study aimed to identify a biomarker profile by which borderline QFT results due to TB infection can be distinguished from random test variation.MethodsQFT supernatants of patients with a borderline (≥0.15 and <0.35 IU·mL−1), low-negative (<0.15 IU·mL−1) or positive (≥0.35 IU·mL−1) QFT result were collected in three hospitals. Bead-based multiplex assays were used to analyse 48 different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. A prediction model was derived using LASSO regression and applied further to discriminate QFT-positiveMycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients from borderline QFT patients and QFT-negative patientsResultsQFT samples of 195 patients were collected and analysed. Global testing revealed that the levels of 10 kDa interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein (IP-10/CXCL10), monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG/CXCL9) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the antigen-stimulated tubes were each significantly higher in patients with a positive QFT result compared with low-negative QFT individuals (p<0.001). A prediction model based on IP-10 and MIG proved highly accurate in discriminating patients with a positive QFT (TB infection) from uninfected individuals with a low-negative QFT (sensitivity 1.00 (95% CI 0.79–1.00) and specificity 0.95 (95% CI 0.74–1.00)). This same model predicted TB infection in 68% of 87 patients with a borderline QFT result.ConclusionsThis study was able to classify borderline QFT results as likely infection-related or random. These findings support additional laboratory testing for either IP-10 or MIG following a borderline QFT result for individuals at increased risk of reactivation TB.
Hypnosis for the management of COPD-related anxiety and dyspnoea in pulmonary rehabilitation: rationale and design for a cluster-randomised, active-control trial (HYPNOBPCO_2)
Authors: Anlló, Hernán , Herer Bertrand , Delignières Agathe , Ghergan Adelina , Bocahu Yolaine , Segundo Isabelle , Moulin Cécile , Larue François 
Published: January 2022

Complementary psychological care is recommended for COPD, as it significantly reduces anxiety and boosts the pulmonary rehabilitation efficacy. In a precedent trial (HYPNOBPCO_1,ISRCTN10029862), administering a single hypnosis session was linked to reduced anxiety and improved breathing mechanics in intermediate and advanced COPD patients. However, whether hypnosis could improve self-management of anxiety and dyspnoea in COPD during pulmonary rehabilitation is yet to be investigated.This is the protocol for HYPNOBPCO_2, a 2-arm, cluster-randomised, statistician-blinded superiority monocentre trial (NCT04868357). Its aim is to assess the efficacy of hypnosis as a tool to manage anxiety and dyspnoea during a pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP). Clusters of COPD patients eligible for the conventional hospital-based PRP at the Centre Hospitalier de Bligny (CHB) will be randomised and evenly allocated into two parallel arms: “Hypnosis” (treatment) and “Relaxation” (active control). “Hypnosis” will consist of the CHB's conventional 4-week group PRP, supplemented by two educational sessions for teaching self-hypnosis. “Relaxation” will be identical, except standard relaxation exercises will be taught instead. Primary end-point will consist of assessing weekly changes in anxiety throughout the PRP, additional to total anxiety change after treatment completion. Anxiety will be determined by the six-item version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6). Secondary outcomes will include change in the 6-min walk test and the COPD assessment test (CAT). Further follow-up outcomes will include CAT and STAI-6 retests, re-hospitalisation rate, action plan use and persistence in self-hypnosis use, throughout the 12 weeks ensuing PRP completion.
Using copepods to develop a didactic strategy for teaching species concepts in the classroom
Authors: Gomes Camila Moraes , Sodré Davidson , da Costa Rauquírio Marinho , Magalhães André , do Rosário Renata Furtado , Ferrari Stephen Francis , Gomes Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista , Sampaio Iracilda , Vallinoto Marcelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile there is little doubt that the species is the lowest independent evolutionary unit, understanding the many different species concepts is a difficult task, even for university students. In the present study, we propose a didactic sequence that involves fieldwork, laboratory analyses, experimental cultures, and computational work in an integrated strategy for the comprehension of the phenetic, ecological, biological, and phylogenetic species concepts. This activity is based on the observation of the morphological, ecological, biological, and phylogenetic characteristics of samples of two copepod crustaceans, Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 and Acartia lilljeborgi Giesbrecht, 1889 (Copepoda, Calanoida). These species were the focus of a simple practical that contributes to the effective comprehension of the four species concepts mentioned above, using straightforward methods that can be standardized easily in the laboratory and classroom. The practical activities developed for the didactic sequence presented here not only made the classes more interesting and motivational, but also contributed to the more effective assimilation of the content, as well as the more effective consolidation of the knowledge presented in the class. It is important to note that these activities can be developed at different educational levels (i.e., undergraduate and graduate students), and can be applied to other types of organism (e.g., amphibians, insects or other copepods), as long as their characteristics are adequate for the systematic exploration of the four species concepts included here.
Poor reporting quality of observational clinical studies comparing treatments of COVID-19 – a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Ziemann Sebastian , Paetzolt Irina , Grüßer Linda , Coburn Mark , Rossaint Rolf , Kowark Ana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific world is in urgent need for new evidence on the treatment of COVID patients. The reporting quality is crucial for transparent scientific publication. Concerns of data integrity, methodology and transparency were raised. Here, we assessed the adherence of observational studies comparing treatments of COVID 19 to the STROBE checklist in 2020.

Methods
Design: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: We conducted a systematic literature search in the Medline database. This study was performed at the RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology Participants: We extracted all observational studies on the treatment of COVID-19 patients from the year 2020. Main outcome measures: The adherence of each publication to the STROBE checklist items was analysed. The journals’ impact factor (IF), the country of origin, the kind of investigated treatment and the month of publication were assessed.

Results
We analysed 147 observational studies and found a mean adherence of 45.6% to the STROBE checklist items. The percentage adherence per publication correlated significantly with the journals’ IF (point estimate for the difference between 1st and 4th quartile 11.07%, 95% CI 5.12 to 17.02, p < 0.001). U.S. American authors gained significantly higher adherence to the checklist than Chinese authors, mean difference 9.10% (SD 2.85%, p = 0.023).

Conclusions
We conclude a poor reporting quality of observational studies on the treatment of COVID-19 throughout the year 2020. A considerable improvement is mandatory.
Identification of an ACK1/TNK2-based prognostic signature for colon cancer to predict survival and inflammatory landscapes
Authors: Kong Defeng , Li Guoliang , Yang Zhenrong , Cheng Shujun , Zhang Wen , Feng Lin , Zhang Kaitai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractActivated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1), a kind of tyrosine kinase, is considered to be an oncogene in many cancers, and it is likely to become a potential target for cancer treatment. We found that the expression of the ACK1 gene in colon cancer was higher than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer, and high expression of the ACK1 gene was associated with poor prognosis of patients. We assessed the prognosis of colon cancer based on ACK1-related genes and constructed a model that can predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients in colon cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then explored the relationship between ACK1 and the immune microenvironment of colon cancer. The overexpression of ACK1 might hinder the function of antigen-presenting cells. The colon cancer prognosis prediction model we constructed has certain significance for clinicians to judge the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. The expression of the ACK1 gene might affect the infiltration level of a variety of immune cells and immunomodulators in the immune microenvironment.
Attitudes of polish nurses towards representatives of certain religions
Authors: Zalewska-Puchała Joanna , Bodys-Cupak Iwona , Majda Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The verification of attitudes of nurses towards people of different religions is essential when it comes to anticipating opportunities for cooperation in the field of provision of healthcare. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the attitudes of Polish nurses, on the example of nurses living in the Lesser Poland region (southern Poland) towards representatives of certain religions.

Methods
The study was cross-sectional and was carried out using both the diagnostic survey and method of estimation. The selection of the study group was purposeful. The research tools used in the study include the Bogardus’ Social Distance Scale adapted by Jasińska-Kania and Staszyńska; Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) by Sidanius and Pratto; Social Approbation Questionnaire by Drwal and Wilczyńska and Author’s questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was assumed in the analyzes. The research was carried among 1271 professionally active nurses.

Results
The respondents showed the least significant social distance towards the Orthodox and Protestants and the most significant towards the Muslims. There was a considerable dependence when it comes to the level of the social distance of the respondents shown on sociodemographic variables and frequency of contact with Others, provision of healthcare to people of different religions, and training on transcultural nursing. The relationship between SDO and the modified Bogardus Scale has been shown. All subscales of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) correlated significantly and negatively with the Bogardus scale.

Conclusions
The study outcomes show that there is a need to train nurses on transcultural nursing.
Association between exercise frequency with renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Böhm Michael , Schumacher Helmut , Werner Christian , Teo Koon K. , Lonn Eva M. , Mahfoud Felix , Speer Thimoteus , Mancia Giuseppe , Redon Josep , Schmieder Roland E. , Sliwa Karen , Marx Nikolaus , Weber Michael A. , Laufs Ulrich , Williams Bryan , Yusuf Salim , Mann Johannes F. E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Guidelines recommend physical activity to reduce cardiovascular (CV) events. The association between physical activity and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without diabetes is unknown. We assessed the association of self-reported physical activity with renal and CV outcomes in high-risk patients aged ≥ 55 years over a median follow-up of 56 months in post-hoc analysis of a previously randomized trial program.

Methods
Analyses were done with Cox regression analysis, mixed models for repeated measures, ANOVA and χ2-test. 31,312 patients, among them 19,664 with and 11,648 without diabetes were analyzed.

Results
Physical activity was inversely associated with renal outcomes (doubling of creatinine, end-stage kidney disease (ESRD)) and CV outcomes (CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization). Moderate activity (at least 2 times/week to every day) was associated with lower risk of renal outcomes and lower incidence of new albuminuria (p < 0.0001 for both) compared to lower exercise levels. Similar results were observed for those with and without diabetes without interaction for renal outcomes (p = 0.097–0.27). Physical activity was associated with reduced eGFR decline with a moderate association between activity and diabetes status (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Moderate physical activity was associated with improved kidney outcomes with a threshold at two sessions per week. The association of physical activity with renal outcomes did not meaningfully differ with or without diabetes but absolute benefit of activity was even greater in people with diabetes. Thus, risks were similar between those with diabetes undertaking high physical activity and those without diabetes but low physical activity.
Clinical trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov.uniqueidentifier:NCT00153101.
Endoscopic resection as an independent predictive factor of local control in patients with T1bN0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Miyazaki Tomohiko , Myojin Miyako , Hosokawa Masao , Aoyama Hidefumi , Okahara Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Although chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is one of the curative treatments for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with submucosal invasion, the risk of local recurrence after CRT remains a clinical problem. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the predictive factors for local recurrence after CRT.

Methods
Ninety-one patients with clinical or pathological (c/p) T1bN0M0 thoracic ESCC who underwent CRT from 2004 to 2017 in our institution were analyzed retrospectively. Sixty-three patients were diagnosed with pathological T1b after undergoing initial endoscopic resection (ER) and treated with additional CRT; meanwhile, 28 patients were clinically diagnosed with T1b and underwent definitive CRT. We investigated the predictors of disease–specific survival (DSS) and local recurrence–free survival (LRFS) by performing univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The median observation period was 59.8 months. The 5-year DSS and LRFS rates were 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.1–92.5) and 87.1% (95% CI: 79.1–95.1), respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed no significant predictors associated with DSS. On the contrary, ER (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.48, p = 0.003) and tumor length (HR: 6.78, 95% CI: 1.28–36.05, p = 0.025) were recognized as independent predictive factors for LRFS. During follow-up, recurrence was observed in 18 patients (19.8%). With regard to the patterns of relapse, local recurrence was the most common in 11 patients, and salvage ER was performed in 9 of 11 patients.

Conclusions
ER and tumor length were independent predictive factors for LRFS. Our study suggested that performance of ER prior to CRT improved the local control in patients with c/p T1bN0M0 ESCC. In addition, most of the patients who experienced local recurrence were treated with salvage ER, which contributed to preserving the organs.
Dermal microfilariae of dogs, jackals and cats in different regions of Iran
Authors: Sazmand Alireza , Bahiraei Zahra , Nemati Farzad , Annoscia Giada , Bezerra-Santos Marcos Antonio , Nayebzadeh Hassan , Salemi Amir Masoud , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud , Otranto Domenico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the complexity of retrieving skin-dwelling microfilariae, filarioids of dogs presenting dermal microfilariae (e.g.Cercopithifilariaspp.,Onchocerca lupi) are relatively unknown compared toDirofilariaspp.andAcanthocheilonemaspp.whose microfilariae circulate in the blood. AlthoughCercopithifilariaspp. andO. lupifilarioids are distributed worldwide, there is a paucity of information on their occurrence in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate these filarioids in a large population of dogs from different regions of Iran.MethodsFrom October 2018 to September 2020, skin biopsies were obtained from dogs housed in shelters (n = 557) and privately owned dogs (n = 26) in seven provinces of Iran (Hamedan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Mazandaran, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Esfahan), as well as from three road-killed jackals (Canis aureus) and three cats (Felis catus) in Hamedan province. The skin biopsies were first soaked in saline solution at room temperature overnight, and examined for dermal microfilariae under the microscope. Positive skin specimens and sediments were tested by PCR for a 304-bp region of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and amplicons were sequenced.ResultsMicrofilariae ofCercopithifilariaspp. were found in skin biopsies of 32 of the 583 (5.5%) dogs tested, with infection rates of up to 25% in Kermanshah. No microfilariae were recovered from skin biopsy samples collected from dogs in Khorramabad and Ahvaz, nor from the examined jackals and cats. None of the privately owned dogs were found to be infected. Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the microfilariae were consistent withC. bainae. Eighteen skin samples were positive for thecox1 gene, of which 15 sequences showed a nucleotide identity of 100% and three of 93.4% with the reference sequence ofC. bainaeavailable in GenBank (haplotype I; GenBank accession number: JF461457).ConclusionsThe data from this study broadens current knowledge on the geographical distribution ofC. bainaein dogs in Middle Eastern countries. Further studies on different wild canine species in the country (e.g. jackal, fox, wolf) could provide further information on the epidemiology of these filarioids. A particular focus should be put on zoonoticO. lupigiven the reports of its presence in human patients from this country.Graphical Abstract