bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newton-Type Optimal Thresholding Algorithms for Sparse Optimization Problems
Authors: Meng Nan , Zhao Yun-Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSparse signals can be possibly reconstructed by an algorithm which merges a traditional nonlinear optimization method and a certain thresholding technique. Different from existing thresholding methods, a novel thresholding technique referred to as the optimal k-thresholding was recently proposed by Zhao (SIAM J Optim 30(1):31–55, 2020). This technique simultaneously performs the minimization of an error metric for the problem and thresholding of the iterates generated by the classic gradient method. In this paper, we propose the so-called Newton-type optimal k-thresholding (NTOT) algorithm which is motivated by the appreciable performance of both Newton-type methods and the optimal k-thresholding technique for signal recovery. The guaranteed performance (including convergence) of the proposed algorithms is shown in terms of suitable choices of the algorithmic parameters and the restricted isometry property (RIP) of the sensing matrix which has been widely used in the analysis of compressive sensing algorithms. The simulation results based on synthetic signals indicate that the proposed algorithms are stable and efficient for signal recovery.
Variational eigenvalue approximation of non-coercive operators with application to mixed formulations in elasticity
Authors: Meddahi Salim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present an abstract framework for the eigenvalue approximation of a class of non-coercive operators. We provide sufficient conditions to guarantee the spectral correctness of the Galerkin scheme and to obtain optimal rates of convergence. The theory is applied to the convergence analysis of mixed finite element approximations of the elasticity and Stokes eigensystems.
Robust affine registration method using line/surface normals and correntropy criterion
Authors: Yilmaz Abdurrahman , Temeltas Hakan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe problem of matching point clouds is an efficient way of registration, which is significant for many research fields including computer vision, machine learning, and robotics. There may be linear or non-linear transformation between point clouds, but determining the affine relation is more challenging among linear cases. Various methods have been presented to overcome this problem in the literature and one of them is the affine variant of the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. However, traditional affine ICP variants are highly sensitive to effects such as noises, deformations, and outliers; the least-square metric is substituted with the correntropy criterion to increase the robustness of ICPs to such effects. Correntropy-based robust affine ICPs available in the literature use point-to-point metric to estimate transformation between point clouds. Conversely, in this study, a line/surface normal that examines point-to-curve or point-to-plane distances is employed together with the correntropy criterion for affine point cloud registration problems. First, the maximum correntropy criterion measure is built for line/surface normal conditions. Then, the closed-form solution that maximizes the similarity between point sets is achieved for 2D registration and extended for 3D registration. Finally, the application procedure of the developed robust affine ICP method is given and its registration performance is examined through extensive experiments on 2D and 3D point sets. The results achieved highlight that our method can align point clouds more robustly and precisely than the state-of-the-art methods in the literature, while the registration time of the process remains at reasonable levels.
Deep learning based solder joint defect detection on industrial printed circuit board X-ray images
Authors: Zhang Qianru , Zhang Meng , Gamanayake Chinthaka , Yuen Chau , Geng Zehao , Jayasekara Hirunima , Woo Chia-wei , Low Jenny , Liu Xiang , Guan Yong Liang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the improvement of electronic circuit production methods, such as reduction of component size and the increase of component density, the risk of defects is increasing in the production line. Many techniques have been incorporated to check for failed solder joints, such as X-ray imaging, optical imaging and thermal imaging, among which X-ray imaging can inspect external and internal defects. However, some advanced algorithms are not accurate enough to meet the requirements of quality control. A lot of manual inspection is required that increases the specialist workload. In addition, automatic X-ray inspection could produce incorrect region of interests that deteriorates the defect detection. The high-dimensionality of X-ray images and changes in image size also pose challenges to detection algorithms. Recently, the latest advances in deep learning provide inspiration for image-based tasks and are competitive with human level. In this work, deep learning is introduced in the inspection for quality control. Four joint defect detection models based on artificial intelligence are proposed and compared. The noisy ROI and the change of image dimension problems are addressed. The effectiveness of the proposed models is verified by experiments on real-world 3D X-ray dataset, which saves the specialist inspection workload greatly.
Voice adaptation by color-encoded frame matching as a multi-objective optimization problem for future games
Authors: Midtlyng Mads , Sato Yuji , Hosobe Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVoice adaptation is an interactive speech processing technique that allows the speaker to transmit with a chosen target voice. We propose a novel method that is intended for dynamic scenarios, such as online video games, where the source speaker’s and target speaker’s data are nonaligned. This would yield massive improvements to immersion and experience by fully becoming a character, and address privacy concerns to protect against harassment by disguising the voice. With unaligned data, traditional methods, e.g., probabilistic models become inaccurate, while recent methods such as deep neural networks (DNN) require too substantial preparation work. Common methods require multiple subjects to be trained in parallel, which constraints practicality in productive environments. Our proposal trains a subject nonparallel into a voice profile used against any unknown source speaker. Prosodic data such as pitch, power and temporal structure are encoded into RGBA-colored frames used in a multi-objective optimization problem to adjust interrelated features based on color likeness. Finally, frames are smoothed and adjusted before output. The method was evaluated using Mean Opinion Score, ABX, MUSHRA, Single Ease Questions and performance benchmarks using two voice profiles of varying sizes and lastly discussion regarding game implementation. Results show improved adaptation quality, especially in a larger voice profile, and audience is positive about using such technology in future games.
Landing site positioning and descent trajectory reconstruction of Tianwen-1 on Mars
Authors: Wang Anran , Wang Li , Zhang Yinuo , Hua Baocheng , Li Tao , Liu Yang , Lin Dayong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTianwen-1 (TW-1) is the first Chinese interplanetary mission to have accomplished orbiting, landing, and patrolling in a single exploration of Mars. After safe landing, it is essential to reconstruct the descent trajectory and determine the landing site of the lander. For this purpose, we processed descent images of the TW-1 optical obstacle-avoidance sensor (OOAS) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) of the landing area using our proposed hybrid-matching method, in which the landing process is divided into two parts. In the first, crater matching is used to obtain the geometric transformations between the OOAS images and DOM to calculate the position of the lander. In the second, feature matching is applied to compute the position of the lander. We calculated the landing site of TW-1 to be 109.9259° E, 25.0659° N with a positional accuracy of 1.56 m and reconstructed the landing trajectory with a horizontal root mean squared error of 1.79 m. These results will facilitate the analyses of the obstacle-avoidance system and optimize the control strategy in the follow-up planetary-exploration missions.
Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Morus indica roots from Indian Bodo tribes
Authors: Boro Hankhray , Usha Talambedu , Babu Dinesh , Chandana Prakashmurthy , Goyal Arvind Kumar , Ekambaram Hemavathy , Yusufoglu Hasan Soliman , Das Sandeep , Middha Sushil Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe roots of Morus species are well described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) for its traditional use in treating liver fibrosis due to its hepatoprotective property. However, little is known about the hepatoprotective effect of the roots of Morus indica L. (RoMi), and the pharmacological mechanism(s) are uncertain due to its intricacy. Therefore, this study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of RoMi (eRoMi) against the CCl4-induced in-vivo animal model at different dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) in comparison with silymarin as a positive control. The hepatoprotective activity of eRoMi was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and was verified by histological studies. Interestingly, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene, 1,4-phenylenebis (trimethylsilane), 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl and α-amyrin were the active components found in eRoMi as detected by GC–MS. Oral administration of eRoMi (200 mg/kg BW) to rats significantly protected serum biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and GGT as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic GSH) and elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation as compared to CCl4-treated rats. The hematological indices such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, monocytes and lymphocytes were also normal in eRoMi-treated rats. The histopathological evaluation indicated a significant restoration of liver structure as compared to silymarin. This study is the first scientific validation for the traditional use of eRoMi to understand its hepatoprotective activity.
Acetylproteomics analyses reveal critical features of lysine-ε-acetylation in Arabidopsis and a role of 14-3-3 protein acetylation in alkaline response
Authors: Guo Jianfei , Chai Xiaoqiang , Mei Yuchao , Du Jiamu , Du Haining , Shi Huazhong , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhang Heng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLysine-ε-acetylation (Kac) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is critical for metabolic regulation and cell signaling in mammals. However, its prevalence and importance in plants remain to be determined. Employing high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed protein lysine acetylation in five representative Arabidopsis organs with 2 ~ 3 biological replicates per organ. A total of 2887 Kac proteins and 5929 Kac sites were identified. This comprehensive catalog allows us to analyze proteome-wide features of lysine acetylation. We found that Kac proteins tend to be more uniformly expressed in different organs, and the acetylation status exhibits little correlation with the gene expression level, indicating that acetylation is unlikely caused by stochastic processes. Kac preferentially targets evolutionarily conserved proteins and lysine residues, but only a small percentage of Kac proteins are orthologous between rat and Arabidopsis. A large portion of Kac proteins overlap with proteins modified by other PTMs including ubiquitination, SUMOylation and phosphorylation. Although acetylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation all modify lysine residues, our analyses show that they rarely target the same sites. In addition, we found that “reader” proteins for acetylation and phosphorylation, i.e., bromodomain-containing proteins and GRF (General Regulatory Factor)/14-3-3 proteins, are intensively modified by the two PTMs, suggesting that they are main crosstalk nodes between acetylation and phosphorylation signaling. Analyses of GRF6/14-3-3λ reveal that the Kac level of GRF6 is decreased under alkaline stress, suggesting that acetylation represses plant alkaline response. Indeed, K56ac of GRF6 inhibits its binding to and subsequent activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2, leading to hypersensitivity to alkaline stress. These results provide valuable resources for protein acetylation studies in plants and reveal that protein acetylation suppresses phosphorylation output by acetylating GRF/14-3-3 proteins.
Optimizing biomedical discoveries as an engine of culture change in an academic medical center
Authors: DeChant Anne K. , Fening Stephen , Haag Michael , Harte William , Chance Mark R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Academic discovery in biomedicine is a growing enterprise with tens of billions of dollars in research funding available to universities and hospitals. Protecting and optimizing the resultant intellectual property is required in order for the discoveries to have an impact on society. To achieve that, institutions must create a multidisciplinary, collaborative system of review and support, and utilize connections to industry partners. In this study, we outline the efforts of Case Western Reserve University, coordinated through its Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative (CTSC), to promote entrepreneurial culture, and achieve goals of product development and startup formation for biomedical and population health discoveries arising from the academic ecosystem in Cleveland. The CTSC Office of Translation and Innovation, with the university’s Technology Transfer Office (TTO), helps identify and derisk promising IP while building interdisciplinary project teams to optimize the assets through key preclinical derisking steps. The benefits of coordinating funding across multiple programs, assuring dedicated project management to oversee optimizing the IP, and ensuring training to help improve proposals and encourage an entrepreneurial culture, are discussed in the context of a case study of therapeutic assets, the Council to Advance Human Health. This case study highlights best practices in academic innovation.
‘To stay, serve and witness’ – church politics and British inner cities in the 1980s
Authors: Thieme Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy analysing the Church of England's 1985 report Faith in the City (FITC), this article demonstrates that the church played a decisive role in shaping the discourse on British ‘inner cities’. Following a brief historical contextualization, the article examines the FITC report itself, how it came about and what arguments the Church of England introduced into the national debate on inner cities, as well as the media and political discussion that followed its publication and the reactions in the religious field. The article argues that the publication was a turning point in the inner cities discourse of the 1980s. It examines how the church succeeded in (re)directing national attention to the topic thereby countering the territorial stigmatization and replacing it with a more positive view focused on the potential of the residents living in the inner cities.
The Influence of Ridge Subduction on the Geochemistry of Vanuatu Arc Magmas
Authors: Deng Chen , Jenner Frances E. , Wan Bo , Li Ji‐Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effects of buoyant ridge subduction have been researched for decades. However, it remains unclear how this process influences magma chemistry. Here we use a compilation of geochemical data, well‐established geochemical proxies (i.e., Ba/Nb, Th/Nb) and mantle redox modeling (i.e., V/Sc, Cu) to propose that the subduction of a ridge underneath the central portion of the Vanuatu arc causes shallow‐angle subduction and the development of a slab tear. We suggest that the shallow slab pinches out the asthenospheric mantle and bulldozes ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle from the forearc toward the main‐arc. Slab‐fluxed melting of this bulldozed material could account for the along‐arc 87Sr/86Sr‐143Nd/144Nd variations of the Vanuatu magmas. The influx of hot sub‐slab material into the Vanuatu arc mantle wedge through a slab tear produces magmatism within the forearc. Modeling of V/Sc and Cu systematics suggest that the mantle source of the forearc magmas has a higher fO2 and Cu content than the source of the main‐arc and rear‐arc samples. The main‐arc and rear‐arc mantles were metasomatized by both slab‐derived fluids and melts. Whereas release of high Cu‐SO2 slab‐derived fluids caused oxidation and Cu enrichment of the forearc mantle. These systematics indicate a decrease in the fO2 of slab fluxes with increasing depth‐to‐slab and distance‐from‐trench. Our findings highlight the role of ridge subduction in controlling the along‐arc and across‐arc variations in the chemistry of Vanuatu arc magmas. This updated geodynamic model, based on geochemistry, is consistent with recent geophysical constraints and 3D numerical modeling.
Realistic Forests and the Modeling of Forest‐Atmosphere Exchange
Authors: Bannister E. J. , MacKenzie A. R. , Cai X.‐M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractForests cover nearly a third of the Earth's land area and exchange mass, momentum, and energy with the atmosphere. Most studies of these exchanges, particularly using numerical models, consider forests whose structure has been heavily simplified. In many landscapes, these simplifications are unrealistic. Inhomogeneous landscapes and unsteady weather conditions generate fluid dynamical features that cause observations to be inaccurately interpreted, biased, or over‐generalized. In Part I, we discuss experimental, theoretical, and numerical progress in the understanding of turbulent exchange over realistic forests. Scalar transport does not necessarily follow the flow in realistic settings, meaning scalar quantities are rarely at equilibrium around patchy forests, and significant scalar fluxes may form in the lee of forested hills. Gaps and patchiness generate significant spatial fluxes that current models and observations neglect. Atmospheric instability increases the distance over which fluxes adjust at forest edges. In deciduous forests, the effects of patchiness differ between seasons; counter intuitively, eddies reach further into leafy canopies (because they are rougher aerodynamically). Air parcel residence times are likely much lower in patchy forests than homogeneous ones, especially around edges. In Part II, we set out practical ways to make numerical models of forest‐atmosphere more realistic, including by accounting for reconfiguration and realistic canopy structure and beginning to include more chemical and physical processes in turbulence resolving models. Future challenges include: (a) customizing numerical models to real study sites, (b) connecting space and time scales, and (c) incorporating a greater range of weather conditions in numerical models.
Intermittent compressive force induces cell cycling and reduces apoptosis in embryoid bodies of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Manokawinchoke Jeeranan , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Okawa Hiroko , Pavasant Prasit , Egusa Hiroshi , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn vitro manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by environmental factors is of great interest for three-dimensional (3D) tissue/organ induction. The effects of mechanical force depend on many factors, including force and cell type. However, information on such effects in iPSCs is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular mechanism in iPSCs responding to intermittent compressive force (ICF) by analyzing the global gene expression profile. Embryoid bodies of mouse iPSCs, attached on a tissue culture plate in 3D form, were subjected to ICF in serum-free culture medium for 24 h. Gene ontology analyses for RNA sequencing data demonstrated that genes differentially regulated by ICF were mainly associated with metabolic processes, membrane and protein binding. Topology-based analysis demonstrated that ICF induced genes in cell cycle categories and downregulated genes associated with metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed differentially regulated genes related to the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle. qPCR analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of Ccnd1, Cdk6 and Ccng1. Flow cytometry showed that ICF induced cell cycle and proliferation, while reducing the number of apoptotic cells. ICF also upregulated transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) at both mRNA and protein levels, and pretreatment with a TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) prior to ICF abolished ICF-induced Ccnd1 and Cdk6 expression. Taken together, these findings show that TGF-β signaling in iPSCs enhances proliferation and decreases apoptosis in response to ICF, that could give rise to an efficient protocol to manipulate iPSCs for organoid fabrication.
Chip-scale optical airflow sensor
Authors: Luo Yumeng , An Xiaoshuai , Chen Liang , Li Kwai Hei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAirflow sensors are an essential component in a wide range of industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications. The development of compact devices with a fast response and wide measurement range capable of in situ airflow monitoring is highly desirable. Herein, we report a miniaturized optical airflow sensor based on a GaN chip with a flexible PDMS membrane. The compact GaN chip is responsible for light emission and photodetection. The PDMS membrane fabricated using a droplet-based molding process can effectively transform the airflow stimuli into optical reflectance changes that can be monitored by an on-chip photodetector. Without the use of external components for light coupling, the proposed sensor adopting the novel integration scheme is capable of detecting airflow rates of up to 53.5 ms−1 and exhibits a fast response time of 12 ms, holding great promise for diverse practical applications. The potential use in monitoring human breathing is also demonstrated.
Reading and Listening Comprehension in Individuals With Down Syndrome and Word Reading–Matched Typically Developing Children
Authors: Prahl Alison , Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the reading comprehension and listening comprehension performance of English-speaking children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with word reading–matched typically developing (TD) children.Method:Participants included 19 individuals with DS (Mage= 17;2 [years;months], range: 11;1–22;9) and 19 word reading–matched TD children (Mage= 7;2, range: 6;6–8;1). Participants completed three norm-referenced measures of reading comprehension and three norm-referenced measures of listening comprehension. Dependent variables were raw scores on each measure, with the exception of scaled scores on one reading comprehension measure.Results:Independent-samplesttests with Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels of .008 revealed a significant between-groups difference for two of three reading comprehension measures. The mean raw scores were lower for the DS group than the TD group, with large effect sizes. Independent-samplesttests with Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels of .008 revealed a significant between-groups difference for three of three listening comprehension measures. The mean raw scores on the three measures were lower for the DS group than the TD group, with large effect sizes.Conclusions:The DS group, despite being matched on word reading to the TD group, demonstrated reduced reading comprehension skills as compared with the TD group. Thus, as individuals with DS acquire word reading skills, it appears that they are unable to translate word reading success to achieve reading comprehension at the expected level (i.e., as indexed by typical readers). The between-groups differences in listening comprehension suggest that deficits in listening comprehension likely are a barrier to reading comprehension proficiency for children with DS. Listening comprehension may be a malleable factor that can be targeted to improve reading comprehension outcomes for individuals with DS.