bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Renin‐Angiotensin System in the Bovine Utero‐Placental Unit
Authors: Nielsen AH , Schauser KH , Winther H , Dantzer V , Poulsen K 
Published: July 2002

ContentsRenin, angiotensin converting enzyme, and angiotensin II receptors are expressed in the bovine utero‐placental unit, indicating the presence of a local renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II receptors of type AT1 and AT2 as well as non‐AT1/non‐AT2 binding sites were identified. The expression of both renin and the angiotensin II receptor types in the bovine utero‐placental unit differs from that in humans. This fact is probably related to differences in placental architecture. The RAS in the bovine utero‐placental unit might be important for growth processes in the endometrium and for placentation. It might also participate in the regulation of the utero‐placental blood flow and secretion of hormones. Disturbances in the utero‐placental RAS might cause a reduced utero‐placental blood flow, intrauterine growth retarda_tion and intrauterine death.
X-ray induced hole trapping in electroradiographic plates
Authors: Kasap S. O. , Aiyah Viswanath , Baillie A. , Leiga A. G. 
Published: July 2002

Changes in the electrical properties of pure a-Se and Cl-doped a-Se:0.35% As electroradiographic layers upon exposure to x-ray radiation has been examined using xerographic techniques based on the first residual potential VR1 and the cycled-up residual potential VR∞ Hole lifetime τ as determined from the Warter expression VR1=L2/2μτ has been found to decrease sharply with the x-ray dose, tending to saturate at higher dose levels in both pure a-Se and Cl-doped a-Se:0.35%As. The hole liftime following x-ray exposure recovers toward its equilibrium value at the anneal temperature. The recovery time is dependent on the dose and is accelerated appreciably by temperature, indicative of a thermally activated process. Cycled-up xerographic residual-potential measurements have indicated that the deep-hole-trap population increases with exposure to x rays.
Comparison of cycled-up saturated residual potential and first-cycle residual-potential measurements have shown that as a result of x-ray exposure, the apparent capture coefficient increases, which can only be accounted for by introducing two x-ray-induced effects: (a) generation of deep hole traps and (b) formation of an equal number of trapped electrons and holes in the bulk due to irradiation. Recombination of holes with the trapped electrons in the bulk causes the apparent increase in the capture coefficient. A xerographic spectroscopy technique, based on the analysis of the rate of discharge of the saturated potential after the end of xerographic cycling, was used to map out the energy distribution of the occupied density of states in the mobility gap. It was found that the energy location of the peak of the occupied density of localized states remained unaffected by the exposure to x rays, but the peak value of the density of states increased with the exposure. The x-ray induced trap generation is thus simply an enhancement of the integrated concentration of inherent structural defects in the films located at their characteristic energies: 0.87 eV in pure a-Se and 0.90 eV in Cl-doped a-Se:0.35%As. The present results are consistent with the x-ray-sensitivity predictions of Kalade, Montrimas, and Rakauskas [Phys. Status Solidi A 25, 629 (1974)].
Ferroelectric structure and related properties of Pb5W3O9F1
Authors: Abrahams S. C. , Marsh P. , Ravez J. 
Published: July 2002

Lead tungsten oxyfluoride, Pb5W3O9F10, is a new ferroelectric material that crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I4 and four formulas in the unit cell. The lattice constants at 295 K are a=14.583(3) and c=7.365(1) Å for λ(MoKα1,2)=0.709 30, 0.713 59 Å. The integrated intensities of all 10 757 reflections within a reciprocal hemisphere of radius (sin θ)/λ ≤0.91 Å−1 were measured on a CAD-4 diffractometer with MoKα radiation and resulted in 7080 F2m ≥2σF2m. Correction for linear anisotropic radiation damage, followed by averaging the symmetry equivalent reflections, gave 2933 independent 〈 F2m〉≥2σ〈 F2m〉 with internal agreement factor Rint〈Fm〉 =0.0289.
The crystal structure was solved from the Patterson function and difference Fourier series and refined on w〈 F2m〉 by the method of least squares. The final agreement factors between measurement and model were R=0.0382 and wR=0.0329 on 〈 Fm〉. The as-grown crystal contained equal volumes of ±Z domains. The three independent tungsten atoms form WO6, WO3F3, and WO2F4 octahedra, and the three independent lead atoms form two different PbO4F5 and a PbO4F4 polyhedron. The major local dipole contribution to the spontaneous polarization is associated with a tungsten atom that is displaced 0.172(43) Å from the center of its octahedron. The corresponding predicted Curie temperature is 590(260) K, in agreement with the experimental value of 785(15) K. All six metal atoms undergo anharmonic thermal vibrations, which are fitted either to fifth or sixth order in a Gram–Charlier expansion of the probability density function. The average interatomic distances are W–F=1.798(8) Å, W–O=1.944(18) Å, Pb–F=2.68(19) Å, and Pb–O=2.72(21) Å: standard deviations are from Bessel’s relationship. The atomic rearrangement required in forming Pb5W3O9F10 from PbF2 and WO3 is discussed, and similarities and contrasts between the related families for which Pb5W3O9F10, SrAlF5, and Sr3(FeF6)2 provide the archetype structures are considered. All three families exhibit ferroelectric behavior.
Shear-induced homogenization of semidilute solution of polymer mixture and unmixing after cessation of the shear
Authors: Takebe Tomoaki , Sawaoka Ryuji , Hashimoto Takeji 
Published: July 2002

Shear-induced homogenization of semidilute solutions of polybutadiene and polystyrene mixtures with nearly critical composition was studied by the flow small-angle light scattering method. The dramatic drop of the homogenization
temperature
ΔTc(S)=Tc(0)−Tc(S) was observed, and studied as a function of shear rate S, where Tc(S) is the homogenization temperature at a given S and Tc(0) is the temperature under the quiescent state. The experimental results showed that ΔTc(S)/Tc(0)=KS0.50±0.02 where the prefactor K was found to be (2.6±0.6)×10−3 for the solutions containing 3.0 wt. % of total polymer weights. This prefactor is much larger than that reported for a case of simple-liquid mixture by 3 or 4 orders of magnitude. The large prefactor is proposed to be due to a long lifetime of the concentration fluctuations in the single-phase state and slow growth rate of the fluctuations in the two-phase state, compared with the corresponding quantities for the simple-liquid mixture. In the shear-induced homogenized state, the light scattered intensity I(qy) perpendicular to the flow direction was found to obey the Ornstein–Zernike equation. The correlation length ξ and the intensity at qy=0, I(0), were found to depend on S, i.e., ξ−2∼S1/2−S1/2c and I(0)−1∼S1/2−S1/2c, and diverge at the critical shear rate Sc. These experimental results on Tc(S), ξ−2 and I(0)−1, suggest the mean-field behavior of the solution of the polymer mixture under shear. The early-stage unmixing behavior after the cessation of the steady-state shear at S&gt;Sc was also examined, the results of which indicate that the hydrodynamic interaction is suppressed, giving rise to the small mode–mode coupling contribution Dhydro/Dapp=0.2 to 0.45, but is not yet completely screened out. Hence the hydrodynamic interaction cannot be still ignored for this system.
High resolution 1.3 μm overtone spectroscopy of HF dimer in a slit jet: K
a=0←0 and K
a=1←0 subbands of vacc=2←0
Authors: Suhm Martin A. , Farrell John T. , McIlroy Andrew , Nesbitt David J. 
Published: July 2002

Continuous wave difference frequency mixing of a single mode Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 μm and a scanning, single mode ring dye laser (R6G) in a LiNbO3 crystal generates a novel source of widely tunable near infrared radiation in the 1.2–2.2 μm region. In conjunction with the high sensitivity of a pulsed slit nozzle expansion with multipass optics (0.48 m path length), this narrow band source of tunable ir light allows the high resolution study of overtone (v=2←0) spectra for a wide variety of molecular complexes with H stretching vibrations. In this paper, we report the first rotationally resolved spectra of (HF)2 in the first HF stretching overtone region. In particular, we observe Ka=1←0 and 0←0 subbands for a vibrational state from one member of the v=2 overtone triad in (HF)2 with a band center of 7682.8228(5) cm−1. We tentatively assign this state as the hydrogen bond acceptor (i.e., free) HF stretching overtone 2νacc based on predissociation line widths and excellent agreement with predictions based on an anharmonic local mode description of (HF)2. Splittings of 0.2119(5) cm−1 (K′a = 0) and 0.0942(3) cm−1 (K′a = 1) due to interconversion tunneling are found.
From the observed intensity alternation due to nuclear spin statistical weights, the overall vibrational symmetry for K′a = 0 and 1 is unambiguously determined to be Γvib=A+ and B+ for the lower and upper tunneling levels, respectively. These A+ and B+ symmetry designations correspond to irreducible representations of the MS4 molecular symmetry group, which allows for large amplitude motion and exchange of the identical HF subunits. Predissociation line broadening is observed in each of the four upper vibrational levels which varies between 56(20) and 175(25) MHz and depends sensitively on both K′a and the tunneling symmetry. This tunneling symmetry dependence, together with the unusual K′a dependence of the tunneling splitting and the anomalously large intensity ratio between the parallel and perpendicular transitions, indicates the presence of vibrational resonances in the overtone region not clearly evidenced in the analysis of the corresponding fundamental HF stretch region. Our results are discussed in the context of earlier static cell FTIR spectra and recent ab initio predictions for this overtone state. The data suggest that the overtone dynamics in (HF)2 can not be satisfactorily described as an oscillator pair connected by a 1D interconversion pathway, and may instead involve substantial coupling to other intermolecular vibrational degrees of freedom.
A systematic approach to dynamic programming in bioinformatics
Authors: Giegerich Robert 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Dynamic programming is probably the most popular programming method in bioinformatics. Sequence comparison, gene recognition, RNA structure prediction and hundreds of other problems are solved by ever new variants of dynamic programming. Currently, the development of a successful dynamic programming algorithm is a matter of experience, talent and luck. The typical matrix recurrence relations that make up a dynamic programming algorithm are intricate to construct, and difficult to implement reliably. No general problem independent guidance is available.
Results: This article introduces a systematic method for constructing dynamic programming solutions to problems in biosequence analysis. By a conceptual splitting of the algorithm into a recognition and an evaluation phase, algorithm development is simplified considerably, and correct recurrences can be derived systematically. Without additional effort, the method produces an early, executable prototype expressed in a functional programming language. The method is quite generally applicable, and, while programming effort decreases, no overhead in terms of ultimate program efficiency is incurred.
Contact: robert@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de
Work partially supported by a grant from the Australian National University.
Characterization of the folding degree of proteins
Authors: Estrada Ernesto 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: The characterization of the folding degree of chains is central to the elucidation of structure--function relationships in proteins. Here we present a new index for characterizing the folding degree of a (protein) chain. This index shows a range of features that are desirable for the study of the relation between structure and function in proteins.
Results: A novel index characterizing the folding degree of (protein) chains is developed based on the spectral moments of a matrix representing the dihedral angles (φ, ω and ε) of the protein main chain. The proposed index is normalized to the chain size, is not correlated to the gyration radius of the backbone chain and is able to distinguish between structures for which the sum of the main-chain dihedral angles is identical. The index is well correlated to the percentages of helix and strand in proteins, shows a linear dependence with temperature changes, and is able to differentiate among protein families.
Availability: On request from the author.
Contact: estrada66@yahoo.com
An ancestral nuclear protein assembly: Crystal structure of the Methanopyrus kandleri histone
Authors: Fahrner Richard L. , Cascio Duilio , Lake James A. , Slesarev Alexei 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEukaryotic histone proteins condense DNA into compact structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes were viewed as a distinguishing feature of eukaryotes prior to ideication of histone orthologs in methanogens. Although evolutionarily distinct from methanogens, the methane‐producing hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri produces a novel, 154‐residue histone (HMk). Amino acid sequence comparisons show that HMk differs from both methanogenic and eukaryotic histones, in that it contains two histone‐fold ms within a single chain. The two HMk histone‐fold ms, N and C terminal, are 28% identical in amino acid sequence to each other and ∼21% identical in amino acid sequence to other histone proteins. Here we present the 1.37‐Å‐resolution crystal structure of HMk and report that the HMk monomer structure is homologous to the eukaryotic histone heterodimers. In the crystal, HMk forms a dimer homologous to [H3–H4]2 in the eukaryotic nucleosome. Based on the spatial similarities to structural ms found in the eukaryotic nucleosome that are important for DNA‐binding, we infer that the Methanopyrus histone binds DNA in a manner similar to the eukaryotic histone tetramer [H3–H4]2.
Validation of the Japanese version of the Dutch Boredom Scale
Authors: Kawada Michiko , Shimazu Akihito , Tokita Masahito , Miyanaka Daisuke , Schaufeli Wilmar B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The current study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the Dutch Boredom Scale (DUBS-J), a new boredom scale that comprehensively assesses employees' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to low-stimulus work situations.

Methods
The translated and back-translated DUBS was administered via an internet survey to 1358 Japanese employees from various occupations. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate factorial validity. In order to evaluate discriminant validity with other work-related, well-being constructs, CFA was conducted, and the square root of average variance extracted (AVE) for the DUBS-J and the square of the inter-construct correlations were compared. Construct validity was evaluated based on the correlation coefficients between boredom at work on the one hand and potential antecedents and consequences on the other hand.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the expected one-factor model. CFA and AVE supported the discriminant validity of DUBS-J with work engagement, workaholism, and job satisfaction. Construct validity was generally supported by expected correlations of boredom at work with possible antecedents and consequences. Internal consistency was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient = .88, and the results of principal component analysis (PCA). Test–retest reliability was confirmed with intraclass correlation coefficients = .62.

Conclusion
The current study confirmed that DUBS-J is an adequate measure of boredom at work that can be used in the Japanese context.
Effects of chromaticity difference from Planckian locus duv of lighting on tinted color of illumination and brightness in space (part 1): Experiment using a scale model with uniform luminance distribution
Authors: Mochizuki Etsuko , Murakumo Takayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the combined effects of illuminance, correlated color temperature, and chromaticity shift from the Planckian locus duv on the perception of the tinted color of illumination and spatial brightness. All 60 conditions with 3 levels of floor illuminance, 4 conditions of correlated color temperature, and 5 levels of duv were tested. Consequently, it was identified that the effects of the duv shift on the tinted color of illumination differed depending on the correlated color temperature. The spatial brightness was significantly lower in the case of positive duv.
Confirmation that eagle fatalities can be reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines
Authors: McClure Christopher J. W. , Rolek Brian W. , Dunn Leah , McCabe Jennifer D. , Martinson Luke , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Automated curtailment is potentially a powerful technique to reduce collision mortality of wildlife with wind turbines. Previously, we used a before–after–control–impact framework to demonstrate that eagle fatalities declined after automated curtailment was implemented with the IdentiFlight system at a wind power facility in Wyoming, USA. We received substantial interest and feedback regarding our study and, here, we implement several analytical suggestions and include more recent data that strengthen the inference we draw from our results.
The five main analytical suggestions we received were to (1) exclude from analysis data that were collected during the period when automated curtailment was only partially implemented; (2) only analyse data from a single make and model of turbine; (3) evaluate changes in the rate of fatality, instead of the yearly numbers of fatalities that result from fluctuations around that rate; (4) calculate a standard measure determining effects of a treatment in a before–after–control–impact study and (5) examine yearly fluctuations of the fatality rate during the before period.
After incorporating these suggestions and including additional data collected since the prior paper was published, our results confirm prior work. We demonstrate that eagle fatalities were reduced by 85% (95% highest density interval = 12%, 100%) after implementation of automated curtailment. Rate of fatalities declined by 2.85 eagles per year (−0.67, 5.70) between before and after periods at the treatment site and increased by 2.26 eagles per year (−1.77, 7.37) at the control site. Overall, the fatality rate declined by 4.91 (−0.27, 11.27) more eagles per year at the treatment site than at the control site. The probability that the fatality rate declined at the treatment site relative to the control site was 0.97.
Our re‐analysis strengthens our inference by using more robust analyses and data to support the conclusions of the prior study suggesting that automated curtailment was effective at reducing eagle fatalities at our treatment site. Because of the site‐ and species‐specific nature of our work, future research should examine the efficacy of automated curtailment at other sites, with other species, and under different curtailment regimes.
Radiation therapy practice changes in the COVID‐19 pandemic era: A pilot study in California
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Jennifer , Ruan Dan , Yu Amy S. , Sehgal Varun , Qi X. Sharon , Barker Margaret C. , Shen Zhilei L. , Goetsch Steve 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to investigate practice changes among Southern and Northern California's radiation oncology centers during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsOn the online survey platform SurveyMonkey, we designed 10 survey questions to measure changes in various aspects of medical physics practice. The questions covered patient load and travel rules; scopes to work from home; new protocols to reduce corona virus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) infection risk; availability of telemedicine; and changes in fractionation schedules and/or type of treatment plans. We emailed the survey to radiation oncology centers throughout Northern and Southern California, requesting one completed survey per center. All responses were anonymized, and data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative research methods.ResultsAt the end of a 4‐month collection period (July 2, 2021 to October 11, 2021), we received a total of 61 responses throughout Southern and Northern California. On average, 4111 patients were treated per day across the 61 centers. New COVID‐19‐related department and hospital policies, along with hybrid workflow changes, infectious control policies, and changes in patient load have been reported. Results also showed changes in treatment methods during the pandemic, such as increased use of telemedicine, hypofractionation for palliative, breast cancer, and prostate cancer cases; and simultaneous boosts, compared to sequential boosts.ConclusionOur California radiation oncology center population study shows changes in various aspects of radiation oncology practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study serves as a pilot study to identify possible correlations and new strategies that allow radiation oncology centers to continue providing quality patient care while ensuring the safety of both staff and patients.
A Phytomolecule Icariin Protects from Sarcopenia Partially by Suppressing Myosin Heavy Chain Degradation in Orchiectomized Rats
Authors: Yang Wen‐yao , Cao Hui‐juan , Li Ling , Huang Cui‐shan , Shi Ke‐da , Sun Antonia Ru‐Jia , Qin Ling , Wang Xin‐luan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTreatments are lacking for sarcopenia, which is an age‐related disease characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and/or physical performance. Icariin is a phytomolecule from herbal Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat musculoskeletal disorders for thousands of years. Here the effects of icariin against sarcopenia are investigated and the underlying mechanism is elucidated. A classic rat model of bilaterally orchiectomized (ORX) is used to induce sarcopenia. After administration for 8 weeks, compared to the control group, the forelimb grip strength, the specific tetanic forces of the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) are higher, and the fiber cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle are larger in the icariin group. In addition, icariin promotes mRNA and protein expressions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) both in SOL and EDL. Mechanistically, icariin significantly suppresses the mRNA and protein expressions of FOXO3a, atrogin‐1, and MuRF‐1, which are related to the degradation of myosin heavy chain. Collectively, icariin protects from sarcopenia in ORX rats characterized by enhancing grip strength and skeletal muscle contraction, as well as increasing skeletal muscle CSA by inhibiting the ubiquitination degradation of the MyHC in skeletal muscle fibers.