bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macular pigment optical density and its determinants in a Russian population: the ural eye and medical study
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Gilmanshin Timur R. , Zainullin Rinat M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Iakupova Ellina M. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Arslangareeva Inga I. , Zinnatullin Ainur A. , Gilemzianova Leisan I. , Khakimov Dinar A. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its associations with ocular and systemic parameters and diseases.MethodsThe population‐based study Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals. As part of ophthalmological and systemic examinations, MPOD was measured by reflectometry.ResultsMacular pigment optical density (MPOD) data were available for 4889 (82.9%) individuals (mean age:57.8 ± 10.1 years;range: 40–94). Mean values for MOPD, maximal MOPD, macular pigment (MP) area and MP volume were 0.13 ± 0.04 d.u. (density units), 0.36 ± 0.09 d.u., 60 791 ± 14 826 pixel and 8033 ± 2888 d.u.pixel, respectively. A higher MP density was correlated (regression coefficient r: 0.63) with older age (standardized regression coefficient beta: 0.59; non‐standardized regression coefficient B: 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.23; p < 0.001), female sex (beta: 0.08; B:0.63; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.83; p < 0.001), rural region of habitation (beta: 0.13; B: 1.02; 95%CI: 0.83, 1.22; p < 0.001), lower body mass index (beta: −0.04; B: −0.03; 95%CI: −0.05, 0.01; p = 0.004), lower prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (beta: −0.03; B: −0.43; 95%CI: −0.79, −0.08; p = 0.02), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (beta: 0.03; B: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.002, 0.02; p = 0.03), lower leukocyte cell count (beta: −0.04; B: −0.10; 95%CI: −0.16, −0.03; p = 0.003), thinner temporal parafoveal retinal thickness (beta: −0.06; B: −0.01;95%CI: −0.01, −0.003; p < 0.001), thinner central corneal thickness (beta: −0.06; B: −0.006; 95%CI: −0.009, −0.004; p < 0.001), higher prevalence of pseudophakia (beta: 0.09;B:2.08; 95%CI: 1.50, 2.65; p < 0.001) and reticular pseudo drusen (RPD) (beta: 0.03; B: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.98; p = 0.01) and lower stage of open‐angle glaucoma (beta: −0.03; B: −0.39; 95%CI: −0.74, −0.04; p = 0. 03). Prevalence (p = 0.44; beta: −0.01) and degree (p = 0.70; beta: −0.01) of angle‐closure glaucoma, prevalence (p = 0.31; beta: 0.01) of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) without RPD and prevalence (p = 0.95; beta: 0.001) of diabetic retinopathy were not significantly associated with the mean MP density in that model.ConclusionsA higher RPD prevalence and lower stage of open‐angle glaucoma were ophthalmological disorders associated with a higher MPOD in a multivariable analysis, including parameters of older age, pseudophakia, female sex, rural region, lower body mass index and lower perifoveal retinal thickness.
Association of clinically significant weight loss with number of patient visits and months of attendance at an Australian multidisciplinary weight management clinic
Authors: Chen Juliana , Kaur Harpreet , Jaques Joanna , Rock Zoe , Dean Catherine M. , Lord Reginald V. , Preda Veronica 
Published: March 2022

SummaryDespite the obesity epidemic, there are relatively few multidisciplinary obesity services in Australia, and only limited data on the effectiveness of these services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a university hospital‐based weight management clinic—the ‘Healthy Weight Clinic’ in supporting patients to achieve clinically significant weight loss (≥5% reduction in body weight), weight maintenance, and changes in body composition. A retrospective review was conducted to determine weight and associated health outcomes in patients who attended an initial consultation in the first 2 years of the clinic—between March 2017 and March 2019. Follow up was at least 1 year for all patients. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery were excluded. Of 213 total patients, 172 patients attended more than one follow‐up consultation for lifestyle modification. Mean weight change and percentage total weight change at last follow‐up was −6.2 kg (SD 7.4) and − 6.0% (SD 6.9), respectively. For every additional clinic follow‐up, there was 21.4% increased odds of achieving clinically significant weight loss, and for every additional month of follow‐up, there was 10.1% increased odds of achieving clinically significant weight loss. Twenty percent of patients (34/172) maintained ≥5% of initial body weight loss for at least 1 year. Body composition measurements were also favourable, with significant changes in percentage skeletal muscle mass of +0.8% (SD 1.5) and in percentage fat mass by −1.4% (SD 3.2). Regular support in a structured holistic multidisciplinary obesity service enables patients to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss and improved skeletal muscle mass to body fat ratio, and maintain this loss for at least 1 year. Improved weight loss was associated with more patient visits and longer duration of attendance at the clinic.
Higher Education Expansion in China, 1999–2003: Impact on Graduate Employability
Authors: Ou Dongshu , Zhao Zhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the impact of China's higher education expansion on labor market outcomes for young college graduates using China's 2005 1 Percent Population Sample Survey. Exploiting variations in the expansion of university places across provinces and high school cohorts between 1999 and 2003, we apply a difference‐in‐differences model and take into account the demand‐side effect by using the Bartik index. We find that the expansion of higher education in China decreased unemployment rates among males and college graduates in the short term. However, the policy decreased women's labor force participation and individual earnings in high‐skilled white‐collar jobs. We further discuss potential channels affecting the outcomes that were observed. Our results illustrate the broad economic benefits of higher education. The findings shed new light on the contribution of young skilled labor in the economic growth of China and call for policies that can alleviate the short‐term negative impact of higher education on individual students and maximize human capital. Our study also provides an interesting example of the consequences of the unequal expansion of higher education opportunities on the labor market of an emerging economy.
Interrater reproducibility of the 2016 American society of echocardiography left ventricular diastolic function guidelines
Authors: Wong Jonathan M. , Abouzeid Christiane M. , Nguyen Thuy D. , Fang Qizhi , Bibby Dwight , Schiller Nelson B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle data exist regarding interreader variability of diastolic measurements and their application by the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography left ventricular (LV) diastolic function guidelines.MethodsVolunteers (n = 49) were recruited from an outpatient cardiology practice. The presence and grade of diastology dysfunction (DD) was determined by the 2016 LV diastology guideline algorithm. We determined the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each measurement and Fleiss K‐statistic to define differences in grading DD. We determined predictors associated with disagreement of DD grade using odds ratios.ResultsThe mean LVEF was 56%, LAVI 32 ml/m2, and peak TR velocity was 2.3 m/s. The ICC for mitral inflow and tissue Doppler velocities were >.90, for LV volumes were .80–.86, and for LA volume was .56. The Fleiss K‐value for the agreement of the presence of DD was .68 and for DD grade was .59. Variables with increased odds of disagreement were (1) at least one reader considering a TR signal uninterpretable (OR 12.0; 95% CI 1.3–109.6), (2) at least one reader assessing both LVEF 50%–55% and LAVI 29–39 ml/m2 (OR 9.3; 95% CI 1.0–87), and (3) at least one reader assessing LVEF 50–55% (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.1–13.4).ConclusionsUsing the 2016 ASE/EACVI diastology guidelines, we found excellent interrater reliability of Doppler measurements, moderate‐good interrater reliability of volumetric measurements, and moderate‐good but not excellent agreement for diastology grade.
Risk of ischaemic heart diseases and stroke in behçet disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chuang Kai‐Wen , Chang Hua‐Ching 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehçet disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis. In addition to the mucocutaneous lesions, the vascular injury of pathophysiology in BD is theoretically correlated with cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to elucidate the association of BD with ischaemic heart diseases (IHDs) and stroke.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was performed for all relevant observational studies from database inception until 10 July 2021. No language restriction was applied. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of six observational studies consisting of three cohort studies, two cross‐sectional studies and one study with both study designs were adopted in the meta‐analysis. The numbers of patients with BD and healthy controls were 9,813 and 41,802, respectively. The pooled analysis demonstrated no significant association between BD and IHD. By contrast, we found that patients with BD had a significantly higher risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.083; 95% confidence interval, 1.339–3.240; p = 0.001) than healthy controls. We observed substantial heterogeneity across studies in few meta‐analyses, but no significant publication bias was detected in any of the meta‐analyses.ConclusionsBD was significantly associated with stroke but not IHD. Physicians should be aware of possible vascular and neurological complications during care of patients with BD.
Development of empirically derived brief program evaluation measures in Pennsylvania first‐episode psychosis coordinated specialty care programs
Authors: Dong Fanghong , Moore Tyler M. , Westfall Megan , Kohler Christian , Calkins Monica E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe Pennsylvania first episode psychosis program evaluation (PA‐FEP‐PE) core assessment battery was developed as a standard and comprehensive clinical assessment and data collection tool in Pennsylvania coordinated specialty care programs (CSC). To reduce administrative time and maximize clinical utility by maintaining acceptable levels of precision, we aimed to generate a short form using item response theory (IRT)‐based computer‐adaptive test (CAT) simulation and analyse the implementation and acceptability of the short form among providers from PA‐CSC.MethodsFEP participants (n = 759; age 14–36) from nine coordinated specialty care programs completed 156 items drawn from the PA‐FEP‐PE battery. Multidimensional IRT‐based CAT simulations were used to select the best PA‐FEP‐PE items for abbreviated forms.ResultsA 67‐item PA‐FEP‐PE short form was developed to capture six factors: (1) positive affect and surgency (with negative loadings on Anxious‐Misery items); (2) psychiatric services satisfaction; (3) antipsychotic side effect severity; (4) family turmoil and associated traumas; (5) trauma load; and (6) psychosis. The total number of items was reduced more than 50% in the PA‐FEP‐PE shortened forms. The short form demonstrated good psychometric properties, and it was well accepted by our providers in the implementation.ConclusionsThe empirical derivation and implementation of abbreviated measures of key domains and constructs in FEP care have streamlined and facilitated PA‐FEP program evaluation. Our work supports potential application of IRT based methods to empirically reduce core assessment battery measures in large‐scale data collection efforts such as in the Early Psychosis Intervention Network.
Effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hu Jiangang , Lv Xiaolong , Niu Xiangpeng , Yu Fangheng , Zuo Jiakun , Bao Yinli , Yin Huifang , Huang Cuiqin , Nawaz Saqib , Zhou Wen , Jiang Wei , Chen Zhaoguo , Tu Jian , Qi Kezong , Han Xiangan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
To study the effects of environmental stress and nutrient conditions on biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).

Methods and Results
The APEC strain DE17 was used to study biofilm formation under various conditions of environmental stress (including different temperatures, pH, metal ions, and antibiotics) and nutrient conditions (Luria-Bertani [LB] and M9 media, with the addition of different carbohydrates, if necessary). The DE17 biofilm formation ability was strongest at 25°C in LB medium. Compared to incubation at 37°C, three biofilm-related genes (csgD, dgcC, and pfs) were significantly upregulated and two genes (flhC and flhD) were downregulated at 25°C, which resulted in decreased motility. However, biofilm formation was strongest in M9 medium supplemented with glucose at 37°C, and the number of live bacteria was the highest as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacteria in the biofilm were surrounded by a thick extracellular matrix, and honeycomb-like or rough surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, biofilm formation of the DE17 strain was remarkably inhibited under acidic conditions, whereas neutral and alkaline conditions were more suitable for biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was also inhibited at specific concentrations of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and spectinomycin). The real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the transcription levels of biofilm-related genes change under different environmental conditions.

Conclusions
Nutritional and environmental factors played an important role in DE17 biofilm development. The transcription levels of biofilm-related genes changed under different environmental and nutrient conditions.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The findings suggest that nutritional and environmental factors play an important role in APEC biofilm development. Depending on the different conditions involved in this study, it can serve as a guide to treating biofilm-related infections and to eliminating biofilms from the environment.
Sentiment and emotion trends in nurses' tweets about the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Xavier Teenu , Lambert Joshua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTwitter is being increasingly used by nursing professionals to share ideas, information, and opinions about the global pandemic, yet there continues to be a lack of research on how nurse sentiment is associated with major events happening on the frontline. The purpose of the study was to quantitatively identify sentiments, emotions, and trends in nurses' tweets and to explore the variations in sentiments and emotions over a period in 2020 with respect to the number of cases and deaths of COVID‐19 worldwide.DesignA cross‐sectional data mining study was held from March 3, 2020 through December 3, 2020. The tweets related to COVID‐19 were downloaded using the tweet IDs available from a public website. Data were processed and filtered by searching for keywords related to nursing in the profile description field using the R software and JMP Pro Version 16 and the sentiment analysis of each tweet was done using AFINN, Bing, and NRC lexicon.FindingsA total of 13,868 tweets from the Twitter accounts of self‐identified nurses were included in the final analysis. The sentiment scores of nurses' tweets fluctuated over time and some clear patterns emerged related to the number of COVID‐19 cases and deaths. Joy decreased and sadness increased over time as the pandemic impacts increased.ConclusionsOur study shows that Twitter data can be leveraged to study the emotions and sentiments of nurses, and the findings suggest that the emotional realm of nurses was affected during the COVID‐19 pandemic according to the emotional trends observed in tweets.Clinical RelevanceThe study provides insight into what nurses are feeling, and findings from this study highlight the importance of developing and implementing interventions targeted at nurses at the workplace to prevent mental health consequences.
The contribution of personality traits and social norms to the gender pay gap: A systematic literature review
Authors: Roethlisberger Claudia , Gassmann Franziska , Groot Wim , Martorano Bruno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe gender pay gap is a persistent and pervasive problem. This study systematically reviews the literature on two determinants of the wage gap that have attracted attention more recently: the contribution of personality traits and social norms. Based on 39 studies identified, we discuss how personality traits and social norms are operationalized and how much of the gender wage gap they explain. We find that both are important in understanding the gap and that they are closely related, most notably, as preferences are reflections of personality traits and social norms. However, there is no clear consensus on the constructs, what they precisely capture and how to measure them. Thus, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the results, with the contribution of personality traits and social norms to the pay gap ranging from a few to more than 20%. The literature is not conclusive on whether these factors rather explain the gap or are a source of discrimination. Key limitations of this literature emanate from concerns about the potential endogeneity of personality traits and social norms, and that studies have largely ignored that we can adapt our personality, preferences, and attitudes in adult life.
CAD‐CAM Hollow Obturator Prosthesis: A Technical Report
Authors: Alfaraj Amal , Su Fang‐Yu , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn obturator with a hollow bulb can decrease the overall weight of the prosthesis, stress on the underlying tissues, and patient discomfort. Although many techniques and materials have been proposed in the literature for hollowing the obturator prosthesis, they are often time consuming and technique sensitive. This proposed technique used an open‐source software program to hollow a digital design of a solid obturator base from a commercially available software in one single convenient step. The hollowing process allowed precise control of prosthesis thickness at the hollow space area for desirable hermetic seal and prosthesis strength.
The adjustment of life history strategies drives the ecological adaptations of soil microbiota to aridity
Authors: Li Chaonan , Liao Haijun , Xu Lin , Wang Changting , He Nianpeng , Wang Junming , Li Xiangzhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil microbiota increase their fitness to local habitats by adjusting their life history strategies. Yet, how such adjustments drive their ecological adaptations in xeric grasslands remains elusive. In this study, shifts in the traits that potentially represent microbial life history strategies were studied along two aridity gradients with different climates using metagenomic and trait‐based approaches. The results indicated that resource acquisition (e.g., higher activities of β‐d‐glucosidase and N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosidase, higher degradation rates of cellulose and chitin, as well as genes involved in cell motility, biodegradation, transportation and competition) and growth yield (e.g., higher biomass and respiration) strategies were depleted at higher aridity. However, maintenance of cellular and high growth potential (e.g., higher metabolic quotients and genes related to DNA replication, transcription, translation, central carbon metabolism and biosynthesis) and stress tolerance (e.g., genes involved in DNA damage repair, cation transportation, sporulation and osmolyte biosynthesis) strategies were enriched at higher aridity. This implied that microbiota have lower growth yields but are probably well primed for rapid responses to pulses of rainfall in more arid soils, whereas those in less arid soils may have stronger resource acquisition and growth yield abilities. By integrating a large amount of evidence from taxonomic, metagenomic, genomic and biochemical investigations, this study demonstrates that the ecological adaptations of soil microbiota to aridity made by adjusting and optimizing their life history strategies are universal in xeric grasslands and provides an underlying mechanistic understanding of soil microbial responses to climate changes.
Smith or Malthus? A Sea‐Change in the Concept of a Population
Authors: Kreager Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis two‐part article offers a critical appreciation of Malthus's political economy of population to mark the bi‐centenary of hisPrinciples of Political Economy(1820). His general economic theory emerged after the first four editions of his famous Essay, in three steps: (1) a rapidly produced series of essays on tariffs, rents, and capital mal‐distribution (1814–1815); (2) consequent revision of the economic basis of the Essay (1817); and (3) formal statement in the Principles. His main economic writings thus belong to a later, more mature period of his work, and their evolution is of particular interest for demography on three counts. One is that his rethinking was stimulated directly by the need to rectify serious deficiencies he had come to recognize in the Essay. Second, this makes his later thought of more direct interest to today's study of population and development. Third, all three steps began in, and were sustained by, dialogue with Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. The dialogue led to further thinking beyond the Essay, with major innovative developments. Comparison to the Smithian baseline shows (1) that the familiar stereotype of Malthus as prophet of population‐laden disaster is seriously incomplete; and (2) capital distribution replaces population distribution as a mechanism of growth, inducing a radical change in the concept of population.
Non‐paradigmatic punishments
Authors: Brown Coverdale Helen , Wringe Bill 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review article argues for a better acknowledgement by penal philosophers of the diversity of subjects, agents, and practices of punishment. Much current penal philosophy has an unhelpful hyper‐focus on the criminal punishment of culpable adults, by states, often through imprisonment. This paradigmatic case is important, but other subjects, agents, and practices of punishment are not statistically insignificant side‐issues, and a comprehensive account of punishment should address them. Our understanding of punishment as a whole can be enhanced by considering non‐paradigmatic punishment, with implications for whether and when punishment is justified, how we should understand appropriate authority, and how we should understand and engage with abolitionist arguments. We explore non‐paradigmatic penal practices (community punishments, suspended prison sentence, restorative justice, and alternative jurisprudence), non‐paradigmatic punishing agents (International judicial bodies, schools, and religious communities; with practices such as boycotts, shaming and shunning) and non‐paradigmatic subjects of punishment (collective agents, corporations and children).