bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical ethnographic perspective on risk and dangerousness in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Domingue Jean‐Laurent , Jacob Jean‐Daniel , Perron Amélie , Pariseau‐Legault Pierre , Foth Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the Canadian forensic psychiatric context, the concepts of risk and dangerousness interact, intersect, and morph into the notion of significant threat to the safety of the public. Stemming from the results of a critical ethnography of the Ontario Review Board, this article unpacks the central role of forensic psychiatric nursing, as an example of a 'psych' discipline (e.g., psychiatry and psychology), in a system that is built to produce risky persons and to legitimize their detention and supervision. By using excerpt of interviews conducted with nurses, ethnographic observations of Review Board hearings, and other documentary artifacts, the findings illustrate how rationalizations of risk and dangerousness are contingent on space, time, and observer. Depending on the time of the assessment or on the health‐care professional who performs it, different elements including, but not limited to, mental illness, interpersonal relationships, financial instability, and sexual vulnerability, are relied upon in very fluid, interchangeable, and discretionary ways to justify findings of dangerousness. Such a dynamic expands the reach of psychiatry's legitimacy at identifying risky conduct and controlling risky persons to domains very loosely associated with the notion of dangerousness. The work of Foucault and Castel provides the theoretical backdrop on which rests the discussion and the implications for nursing.
Overcoming legal barriers to coastal wetland restoration: lessons from Australia's Blue Carbon methodology
Authors: Bell‐James Justine 
Published: September 2022

Globally, there is a recognized need for widespread restoration of coastal wetlands. Despite this recognition, progress in many places has been slow, for reasons including legal and policy barriers. In Australia many of these legal barriers have been overcome in the development of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative ‐ Tidal Restoration of Blue Carbon Ecosystems) Methodology Determination 2022, which allows for certain coastal restoration projects to be accredited and ultimately receive Australian Carbon Credit Units. This paper describes the new methodology, outlines the key legal barriers which had to be addressed in its development, and analyzes the legal solutions utilized. It concludes with some general observations for fucoastal wetland restoration projects. Despite the jurisdictional focus on Australia, it is anticipated that these lessons will be of broader relevance to other countries grappling with restoration projects in the intertidal zone.
Ecological impacts of coral gardening outplanting in the Maldives
Authors: Dehnert Inga , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone 
Published: September 2022

As coral reefs continue to degrade at an alarming rate, coral restoration efforts are increasing worldwide in an attempt to keep up with the global challenge of preserving these iconic ecosystems and the many services they provide. Coral gardening, the farming and outplanting of coral fragments, is a commonly applied practice; however, regional validation is required before upscaling can be considered. This study follows up from the successful farming of fragments in mid‐water rope nurseries, by reporting on the successive outplanting of these corals. Specifically, 60 Pocillopora verrucosa colonies were outplanted to a degraded reef at different depths (1–12 m), applying three arrangement patterns (equal, clustered, random). After 1 year, 72% were considered successfully outplanted (alive and still attached), with detachment being the main challenge at wave‐impacted shallow depths, while loose coral rubble caused more partial mortality at depth. Outplanting stress was observed at 1–6 m depth, but had no impact on survival or growth. Drupella sp. predation was most common at 3 m and 79% of colonies hosted mutualistic fauna after 1 year. Outplanting significantly benefitted the reef environment with a higher fish abundance and diversity along with a higher increase in natural coral cover (H = 2.7; 6.2% increase) in comparison with the control sites. These are promising results, considering that the restoration site has shown little natural recovery in the last few years (coral cover <4%). We hope that our findings provide useful initial insights and help to guide effective restoration practices in the Maldives.
Effects of Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined With Prechamber Jet Ignition on the Combustion Characteristics in a Kerosene-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Liu Fengnian , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yusheng , Liu Changwen , Wei Haiqiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For security and logistical convenience, the single fuel forward policy hopes to use a single kerosene fuel to replace a variety of military fuels, especially the unsafe gasoline. However, the performance of kerosene-fueled spark ignition (SI) engines is severely restricted by knock, slow combustion rate, and poor combustion stability. This work innovatively applies cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with prechamber jet ignition (PJI) to a kerosene-fueled engine to suppress knock and improve performance. The results show that applying cooled EGR at a fixed throttle opening can suppress knock and improve fuel economy. However, the power decreased due to the decreased intake of energy. While applying EGR with constant fresh air mass flow makes the knock more prominent because of the microboosting effect caused by the increased throttle opening. This indicates that cooled EGR alone cannot improve the power output. Moreover, combustion instability was also caused due to the slower combustion rate. Therefore, PJI was introduced to compensate for the negative impact of EGR. As a result, a synergistic effect of cooled EGR and PJI was discovered, improving the IMEP by 5% and reducing the ISFC by 4.9% compared to the baseline. The PJI can shorten the combustion duration and improve the combustion stability because of the high kinetic energy jet and high turbulence flame. In addition, a novel two-stage heat release process which includes the unusual first-stage low-temperature heat release was discovered. Overall, EGR dominates the knock suppression, and PJI contributes to the combustion rate improvement.
The Ignition of C1–C7 Natural Gas Blends and the Effect of Hydrogen Addition in the Low and High Temperature Regimes
Authors: Mohamed A. Abd El-Sabor , Bikram Sahu Amrit , Panigrahy Snehasish , Bourque Gilles , Curran Henry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New ignition delay time (IDT) measurements for two natural gas (NG) blends composed of C1–C7n-alkanes, NG6 (C1:60.625%, C2:20%, C3:10%, C4:5%, nC5:2.5%, nC6:1.25%, nC7:0.625%) and NG7 (C1:72.635%, C2:10%, C3:6.667%, C4:4.444%, nC5:2.965%, nC6:1.976%, nC7:1.317%) by volume with methane as the major component are presented. The measurements were recorded using a high-pressure shock tube (HPST) for stoichiometric fuel in air mixtures at reflected shock pressures (p5) of 20–30 bar and at temperatures (T5) of 987–1420 K. The current results together with rapid compression machine (RCM) measurements in the literature show that higher concentrations of the higher n-alkanes (C4–C7) ∼1.327% in the NG7 blend compared to the NG6 blend result in the ignition times for NG7 being almost a factor of two faster than those for NG6 at compressed temperatures of (TC) ≤ 1000 K. This is due to the low temperature chain branching reactions that occur for higher alkane oxidation kinetics in this temperature range. On the contrary, at TC &gt; 1000 K, NG6 exhibits ∼20% faster ignition than NG7, primarily because about 12% of the methane in the NG7 blend is primarily replaced by ethane (∼10%) in NG6, which is significantly more reactive than methane at these higher temperatures. The performance of NUIGMech1.2 in simulating these data is assessed, and it can reproduce the experiments within 20% for all the conditions considered in the study. We also investigate the effect of hydrogen addition to the auto-ignition of these NG blends using NUIGMech1.2, which has been validated against the existing literature for natural gas/hydrogen blends. The results demonstrate that hydrogen addition has both an inhibiting and a promoting effect in the low- and high-temperature regimes, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of the hydrogen/NG mixtures are performed to understand the underlying kinetics controlling these opposite ignition effects. At low temperatures, H-atom abstraction byO˙H radicals from C3 and larger fuels are the key chain-branching reactions consuming the fuel and providing the necessary fuel radicals, which undergo low temperature chemistry (LTC) leading to ignition. However, with the addition of hydrogen to the fuel mixture, the competition by H2 for O˙H radicals via the reaction H2 +  O˙H ↔ H˙ + H2O reduces the progress of the LTC of the higher hydrocarbon fuels thereby inhibiting ignition. At higher temperatures, since H˙ + O2 ↔ Ö + O˙H is the most sensitive reaction promoting reactivity, the higher concentrations of H2 in the fuel mixture lead to higher H˙ atom concentrations leading to faster ignition due to an enhanced rate of the H˙ + O2 ↔ Ö + O˙H reaction.
Control of myopia using diffusion optics spectacle lenses: 12-month results of a randomised controlled, efficacy and safety study (CYPRESS)
Authors: Rappon Joe , Chung Carol , Young Graeme , Hunt Christopher , Neitz Jay , Neitz Maureen , Chalberg Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the L/M cone opsin gene array cause abnormally high perceived retinal contrast and the development of myopia. Environmental factors may also lead to high visual contrast and cause myopia. Diffusion optics technology (DOT) lenses are designed to reduce contrast signalling in the retina and slow myopia progression.MethodsTheControl of Myopia UsingPeripheral Diffusion LensesEfficacy andSafetyStudy (CYPRESS,NCT03623074) is a 36-month, multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-masked trial evaluating two investigational spectacle lenses versus control lenses in myopic children aged 6–10, with a planned interim analysis at 12 months. The primary endpoints are change from baseline in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER).Results256 children (58% female; mean age at screening, 8.1 years) were dispensed spectacles. Across all groups, baseline averages were AL 24.02 mm (SD±0.77 mm), SER −2.01 D (SD±0.9 D) using manifest refraction, and SER −1.94 D (SD±1.0 D) using cycloplegic autorefraction. At 12 months, mean difference in SER progression for test 1 versus control was −0.40 D (p<0.0001), representing a 74% reduction and −0.32 D for Test 2 (p<0.0001), representing a 59% reduction. The difference in AL progression for test 1 versus control was 0.15 mm (p<0.0001) and test 2 versus control was 0.10 mm (p=0.0018).Conclusion12-month results from this ongoing trial demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of DOT spectacles for reducing myopic progression.
Heteromeric formation with βA3 protects the low thermal stability of βB1-L116P
Authors: Xu Jingjie , Zhang Ying , Liu Jian , Hu Lidan , Luo Chenqi , Yao Ke , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: September 2022

Background/aims
Congenital cataract is the leading cause of visual disability and blindness in childhood. βB1-crystallin (CRYBB1) comprises about 1/10th of crystallin structural proteins, forming heteromers to maintain lens transparency. We previously reported a CRYBB1 mutation (c.347T>C, p.L116P) affecting 16 patients in a congenital nuclear cataract family. In this study, we investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism of βB1-L116P.

Methods
Protein isolation, size-exclusion chromatography, spectroscopy, Uncle stability screens and molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess βA3- and βB1-crystallin thermal stability, structural properties and heteromer formation.

Results
Cells that overexpressed βB1-L116P tended to form aggregates and precipitations under heat-shock stress. Thermal denaturation and time-dependent turbidity experiments showed that thermal stability was significantly impaired. Moreover, protein instability appeared to increase with elevated concentrations detected by the Uncle system. Additionally, βA3 had a relative protective effect on βB1-L116P after heteromers were formed, although βA3 was relatively unstable and was usually protected by basic β-crystallins. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that L116P mutation altered the hydrophobic residues at the surface around the mutant site, providing solvents more access to the internal and hydrophobic parts of the protein.

Conclusions
Decreased βB1-crystallin thermal stability in the presence of the cataract-related L116P mutation contributes significantly to congenital cataract formation. Moreover, its formation of heteromers with βA3 protects against the low thermal stability of βB1-L116P.
Effect of age, sex, and morbidity count on trial attrition: meta-analysis of individual participant level data from phase 3/4 industry funded clinical trials
Authors: Lees Jennifer S , Hanlon Peter , Butterly Elaine W , Wild Sarah H , Mair Frances S , Taylor Rod S , Guthrie Bruce , Gillies Katie , Dias Sofia , Welton Nicky J , McAllister David A 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the association between individual participant characteristics and attrition from randomised controlled trials.DesignMeta-analysis of individual participant level data (IPD).Data sourcesClinical trial repositories (Clinical Study Data Request and Yale University Open Data Access).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligible phase 3 or 4 trials identified according to prespecified criteria (PROSPERO CRD42018048202).Main outcome measuresAssociation between comorbidity count (identified using medical history or concomitant drug treatment data) and trial attrition (failure for any reason to complete the final trial visit), estimated in logistic regression models and adjusted for age and sex. Estimates were meta-analysed in bayesian linear models, with partial pooling across index conditions and drug classes.ResultsIn 92 trials across 20 index conditions and 17 drug classes, the mean comorbidity count ranged from 0.3 to 2.7. Neither age nor sex was clearly associated with attrition (odds ratio 1.04, 95% credible interval 0.98 to 1.11; and 0.99, 0.93 to 1.05, respectively). However, comorbidity count was associated with trial attrition (odds ratio per additional comorbidity 1.11, 95% credible interval 1.07 to 1.14). No evidence of non-linearity (assessed via a second order polynomial) was seen in the association between comorbidity count and trial attrition, with minimal variation across drug classes and index conditions. At a trial level, an increase in participant comorbidity count has a minor impact on attrition: for a notional trial with high level of attrition in individuals without comorbidity, doubling the mean comorbidity count from 1 to 2 translates to an increase in trial attrition from 29% to 31%.ConclusionsIncreased comorbidity count, irrespective of age and sex, is associated with a modest increased odds of participant attrition. The benefit of increased generalisability of including participants with multimorbidity seems likely to outweigh the disadvantages of increased attrition.
SK2 channels set a signalling hub bolstering CAF-triggered tumourigenic processes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rapetti-Mauss Raphael , Nigri Jérémy , Berenguier Camille , Finetti Pascal , Tubiana Sarah Simha , Labrum Bonnie , Allegrini Benoit , Pellissier Bernard , Efthymiou Georgios , Hussain Zainab , Bousquet Corinne , Dusetti Nelson , Bertucci François , Guizouarn Hélène , Melnyk Patricia , Borgese Franck , Tomasini Richard , Soriani Olivier 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveIntercellular communication within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) dramatically contributes to metastatic processes. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, resulting in a lack of targeted therapy to counteract stromal-induced cancer cell aggressiveness. Here, we investigated whether ion channels, which remain understudied in cancer biology, contribute to intercellular communication in PDAC.DesignWe evaluated the effects of conditioned media from patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on electrical features of pancreatic cancer cells (PCC). The molecular mechanisms were deciphered using a combination of electrophysiology, bioinformatics, molecular and biochemistry techniques in cell lines and human samples. An orthotropic mouse model where CAF and PCC were co-injected was used to evaluate tumour growth and metastasis dissemination. Pharmacological studies were carried out in the Pdx1-Cre, Ink4afl/flLSL-KrasG12D(KICpdx1) mouse model.ResultsWe report that the K+channel SK2 expressed in PCC is stimulated by CAF-secreted cues (8.84 vs 2.49 pA/pF) promoting the phosphorylation of the channel through an integrin–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–AKT (Protein kinase B) axis. SK2 stimulation sets a positive feedback on the signalling pathway, increasing invasiveness in vitro (threefold) and metastasis formation in vivo. The CAF-dependent formation of the signalling hub associating SK2 and AKT requires the sigma-1 receptor chaperone. The pharmacological targeting of Sig-1R abolished CAF-induced activation of SK2, reduced tumour progression and extended the overall survival in mice (11.7 weeks vs 9.5 weeks).ConclusionWe establish a new paradigm in which an ion channel shifts the activation level of a signalling pathway in response to stromal cues, opening a new therapeutic window targeting the formation of ion channel-dependent signalling hubs.
IL1R2 increases regulatory T cell population in the tumor microenvironment by enhancing MHC-II expression on cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Lujun , Huang Hao , Zheng Xiao , Li Yuan , Chen Junjun , Tan Bo , Liu Yingting , Sun Runzi , Xu Bin , Yang Min , Li Bin , Wu Changping , Lu Binfeng , Jiang Jingting 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundRegulatory T cells (Treg) are an integral part of the tumor immune tolerance. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is a pivotal driver for accumulation of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The molecular nature underpinning Treg cells and CAFs coupling needs to be further defined.MethodsThe Il1r2flox/floxFoxp3Cremice were generated to establish the conditional knock-out ofIl1r2in Foxp3+Tregs in vivo. Using the MC38 tumor model, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and further analyzed the immune profiling of the TME by multicolor flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the whole tumor tissues, TCR repertoire analysis of sorted CD3+TILs were also performed.ResultsWe showed that IL1 receptor 2 (IL1R2), a decoy receptor that neutralizes IL1, was highly expressed in Treg cells in the TME. In addition, we found thatIl1r1was largely expressed in the CAFs, suggesting IL1R2 plays a role in modulating crosstalk between Tregs and CAFs. We further demonstrated thatIl1r2deficiency in Treg cells led to greater antitumor efficacy of ICI, decreased Tregs and increased CD8+T cells in the TME, as well as reduced levels of T cell dysfunction. Mechanistically, we showed that IL1 inhibited major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression on fibroblasts and Treg-specificIl1r2deletion led to a decrease in genes associated with MHC-II antigen presentation in CAFs.ConclusionsOur study established a critical role of IL1 signaling in inhibiting Treg-mediated tumor immune suppression through downregulating MHC-II antigen presentation in CAFs.
Efficacy of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in epileptic encephalopathy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rangarajan Anush , Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary , Kenchaiah Raghavendra , Prathyusha Parthipulli Vasuki , Viswanathan Lakshminarayanapuram Gopal , Asranna Ajay , Chatterjee Aparajita , Nagappa Madhu , Seshagiri Doniparthi Venkata , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Bharath Rose Dawn , Jitender Saini , Thennarasu Kandavel , Sinha Sanjib 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHigh-level evidence for using steroids in epileptic encephalopathy (EE), other than West syndrome (WS), is lacking. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in EE other than WS.MethodsThis is an open-label evaluator-blinded randomised controlled study. Children aged 6 months or more with EE other than WS were included. Eighty children were randomised into intervention and non-intervention groups with 40 in each group. At the first visit (T1) seizure frequency, electroencephalographic (EEG) and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) were obtained, and antiseizure medication (ASM) were optimised. After 1 month (T2), subjects were randomised to intervention (ASM+3 months IVMP pulse) or non-intervention group (only ASM) with 40 subjects in each group. They were followed up for 4 months (T3) and assessed.ResultsAfter 4 months of follow-up, 75% of patients receiving IVMP had >50% seizure reduction versus 15.4% in control group (χ2=28.29, p<0.001) (RR 4.88, 95% CI 2.29 to 10.40), median percentage change in seizure frequency (91.41% vs 10%, p<0.001), improvement in EEG (45.5% vs 9.4%, χ2=10.866, p=0.001) and social age domain of VSMS scores (Z=−3.62, p<0.001) compared with baseline. None of the patients in the intervention group had any serious side-effects.DiscussionThree-month pulse IVMP therapy showed significant improvement in seizure frequency, EEG parameters and VSMS scores, with no steroid-related serious adverse effects. It can be considered as a safe and effective add on treatment in children with EE other than WS.Trial registration numberCTRI/2019/02/017807.
Clinical and genetic analysis of familial neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Chinese: associated with ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP18 gene variants
Authors: Chang Yanyu , Zhou Luyao , Zhong Xiaonan , Shi Ziyan , Sun Xiaobo , Wang Yuge , Li Rui , Long Youming , Zhou Hongyu , Quan Chao , Kermode Allan G , Yu Qingfen , Qiu Wei 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundFamilial clustering of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) was present in Chinese. This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic background of familial NMOSD.MethodsThrough questionnaires in four medical centres in 2016–2020, we identified 10 families with NMOSD aggregation. The statistical differences of clinical characteristics between familial and sporadic NMOSD (22 cases and 459 cases) were summarised. The whole-exome sequencing (WES) for seven families (13 cases and 13 controls) was analysed, compared with our previous WES data for sporadic NMOSD (228 cases and 1 400 controls). The family-based and population-based association and linkage analysis were conducted to identify the pathogenetic genes, the variant impacts were predicted.ResultsThe familial occurrence was 0.87% in Chinese. Familial patients had higher expanded disability status scale score than sporadic patients (p=0.03). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2252257 in the promoter and enhancer of ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP18 was linked to familial NMOSD (p=7.8E-05, logarithm of the odds (LOD)=3.1), SNPs rs361553, rs2252257 and rs5746523 were related to sporadic NMOSD (p=1.29E-10, 3.45E-07 and 2.01E-09, respectively). Patients with the SNP rs361553 T/T genotype had higher recurrence rate than C/T or C/C genotype (1.22±0.85 vs 0.69±0.57 and 0.81±0.65, p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively). SNPs rs361553 and rs2252257 altered USP18 expression in brain and nerve tissues.ConclusionMost clinical characteristics of familial NMOSD were indistinguishable from sporadic NMOSD except for the worst episodes severity. USP18 with impaired intronic regulatory function contributed to the pathogenesis of NMOSD.