bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semicrystalline SrTiO3‐Decorated Anatase TiO2 Nanopie as Heterostructure for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: He Yilei , Zhang Lijuan , Wei Yanze , Zhang Xing , Wang Zumin , Yu Ranbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coupling of TiO2 and SrTiO3 through elaborate bandgap engineering can provide synergies for highly efficient photocatalysts. To further improve the separation between photogenerated electrons and holes, a nano‐heterostructured combination of semicrystalline SrTiO3 (S‐SrTiO3) and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles is designed, and an optimized interface is achieved between uniformly grown S‐SrTiO3 and metal organic framework (MOF)‐derived anatase TiO2 through a controlled hydrothermal process. Besides tuning of the bandgap and broadening of the absorption spectral range, S‐SrTiO3 particles alleviate charge carrier recombination benefiting from the coupling of the semicrystalline SrTiO3 around the interface. Additionally, highly dispersed S‐SrTiO3 on TiO2 provides a good spatial distribution of active sites and the abundant carbon remained from MOF may reduce charge transport resistance. Moreover, the rapid transfer within the nano‐heterostructure promotes the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. With the above predominant architecture, when used as a photocatalyst, the as‐synthesized S‐SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructure exhibits exceptionally high photocatalytic performance of 13 005 µmol h–1 g–1 for H2 production, exceeding most oxide‐based photocatalysts reported. This study might provide mechanistic insights into a new perspective for the design and preparation of photocatalysts with novel structure and enhanced catalysis activity.
China's strategies for promoting differentiated urban resilience measurement from the social ecosystem perspective
Authors: Luo Xixi , Liu Quanlong , Song Xuefeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBuilding resilient cities has become a hot topic in urban planning and risk management. Adopting the perspective of the social‐ecological system (SES), this paper incorporated economy–ecology–society–infrastructure into an integrated research framework and established a system for assessing the urban resilience development level. The entropy weight method was combined with a cloud model to systematically calculate and classify the resilience of 31 provinces (cities) in China. The evaluation results show that (1) the overall level of urban resilience in China was relatively low; the regional analysis showed that (2) the urban resilience of the eastern region was higher than the national average and that of the central and western regions, and from the perspective of the four subsystems, (3) the comprehensive development of each subsystem was the key to improving urban resilience. Finally, five improvement strategies were proposed to provide ideas for enhancing urban SES ability.
Metamorphic relation prioritization for effective regression testing
Authors: Srinivasan Madhusudan , Kanewala Upulee 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMetamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the program under test is faulty. Typically, MRs vary in their ability to detect faults in the program under test, and some MRs tend to detect the same set of faults. In this paper, we propose approaches to prioritize MRs to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of MT for regression testing. We present two MR prioritization approaches: (i) fault‐based and (ii) coverage‐based. To evaluate these MR prioritization approaches, we conduct experiments on three complex open‐source software systems. Our results show that the MR prioritization approaches developed by us significantly outperform the current practice of executing the source and follow‐up test cases of the MRs in an ad‐hoc manner in terms of fault detection effectiveness. Further, fault‐based MR prioritization leads to reducing the number of source and follow‐up test cases that needs to be executed as well as reducing the average time taken to detect a fault, which would result in saving time and cost during the testing process.
Estimation of blade loads for a variable pitch Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with strain gage measurements
Authors: LeBlanc Bruce , Ferreira Carlos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe blade pitch of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine can have a profound impact on the aerodynamic loading experienced by the turbine. This in turn impacts the structural loads and the performance of the machine. In order to characterize the effects of changing pitch, studies are conducted with fixed pitch offsets from a neutral pitch position in the open jet wind tunnel of TU Delft. Measurements with strain gages bonded to the turbine struts are used to estimate the normal loading of the blades. The measured behavior gives insights into the sensitivity of the turbine loading to the blade pitch angle. Aerodynamic phenomena associated with VAWTs are evident in the data including dynamic stall and blade vortex interaction. Shifting of turbine blade pitch is shown to alter the azimuthally varying normal loading, causing changes in magnitude and direction of rotor thrust. Frequency responses of the turbine and platform mounting structure are presented for rotating and fixed reference frames, respectfully. The effects of stall due to high pitch offsets is shown to excite higher per rev frequencies in both the rotor normal measurements and platform accelerations. The data sets are made available for validation of numerical models.
Stochastic inflation from quantum field theory and the parametric dependence of the effective noise amplitude
Authors: Andersen Jens O. , Eriksson Magdalena , Tranberg Anders 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The non-linear dynamics of long-wavelength cosmological fluctuations may be phrased in terms of an effective classical, but stochastic evolution equation. The stochastic noise represents short-wavelength modes that continually redshift into the long-wavelength domain. The effective evolution may be derived from first principles quantum field theory in an expanding background, through a sequence of approximations calling for additional scrutiny. We perform such an analysis, putting particular emphasis on the amplitude of the stochastic noise, which ultimately determines the cosmological correlations and provides a non-perturbative IR regulator to the dynamics.
Analytic results for Sudakov form factors in QCD
Authors: Ebert Markus A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sudakov form factors appear ubiquitously in factorized cross sections where they allow one to resum large logarithms to all orders in perturbation theory. Their exact evaluation requires numerical integrals over anomalous dimensions, which in practice can hamper efficiency. Alternatively, one can use approximate analytic solutions, which provide fast evaluation at the cost of numerical precision and loss of properties such as renormalization group invariance. We provide an exact analytic expression of the QCD Sudakov form factor which allows one to obtain fast and numerically exact results.
Bootstrapping 2d ϕ4 theory with Hamiltonian truncation data
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Karateev Denis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We combine the methods of Hamiltonian Truncation and the recently proposed generalisation of the S-matrix bootstrap that includes local operators to determine the two-particle scattering amplitude and the two-particle form factor of the stress tensor at s > 0 in the 2d ϕ4 theory. We use the form factor of the stress tensor at s ≤ 0 and its spectral density computed using Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT), and inject them into the generalized S-matrix bootstrap set-up. The obtained results for the scattering amplitude and the form factor are fully reliable only in the elastic regime. We independently construct the “pure” S-matrix bootstrap bounds (bootstrap without including matrix elements of local operators), and find that the sinh-Gordon model and its analytic continuation the “staircase model” saturate these bounds. Surprisingly, the ϕ4 two-particle scattering amplitude also very nearly saturates these bounds, and moreover is extremely close to that of the sinh-Gordon/staircase model.
Forest logging is associated with shape of males and gynes in the wood ant Formica aquilonia
Authors: Sorvari J. , Haatanen M.-K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnvironmental stress can affect individual development and fitness in insects. Forest logging is a serious environmental stress for forest-specialist insects, such as the mound-building wood ant Formica aquilonia Yarrow 1955, which builds its nests into forests and is dependent on the nutrition provided by the forest habitat. We studied whether the logging causes such a strong environmental stress that it would be visible in disproportionate growth and shape of young winged wood ant gynes (‘queens’) and males. We measured head width, thorax width and wing length of 144 gynes and 100 males from 12 nests from six clear-cut areas, 11 nests from unlogged forest stands and 10 nests in clear-cut—forest margins. We observed disproportionate growth of different body parts and allometric growth of wings in both sexes in areas with different logging-induced disturbance. Gynes had larger heads in clear-cut areas and males had narrowest thoraxes in forest clear-cut edges. With an increasing thorax width, the wing length decreases steeper in clear-cuts than in other habitats in gynes and increases steeper in clear-cuts than other habitats in males. It seems that in a strongly disturbed clear-cut environment, the gynes invest the growth of head width. There seems to be a trade-off between the growth of the thorax and wings in gynes but not in males. The altered body shape may be adaptation to clearings caused by storm events of wild fires, but not forest management practices of modern era. Large-headed gynes may be better in a colony take-over, needed for the establishment of new colonies in early succession stage habitats in this temporally social parasitic species. Long-winged males may have better long-range flight ability, and they may thus have better fitness and change to disperse their genes onto new habitats.
Variability in the indication of brain CT scan after mild traumatic brain injury. A transnational survey
Authors: Lagares Alfonso , Castaño-Leon Ana María , Richard Marion , Tsitsopoulos Parmenion Philip , Morales Julian , Mihai Podaru , Pavlov Vladislav , Mejan Odile , de la Cruz Javier , Payen Jean François ,   BRAINI investigators, Maignan Maxime , Jacquin Laurent , Douplat Marion , Laribi Said , Pes Philippe , Ray Patrick , Guenezan Jérémy , Sebbane Mustapha , Balen Frédéric , Durand Guillaume , Abric Cordelia , Lorca María Teresa , Ponce Mariana Garcia , Cuesta Maite , Alén Jose A. F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical guidelines have been developed to standardize the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the emergency room, in particular the indication of brain CT scan and the use of blood biomarkers. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of adherence to guidelines in the management of these patients across four countries of Southern Europe.

Methods
An electronic survey including structural and general management of mTBI patients and six clinical vignettes was conducted. In-charge physicians from France, Spain, Greece and Portugal were contacted by telephone and email. Differences among countries were searched using an unconditional approach test on contingency tables.

Results
One hundred and eighty eight physicians from 131 Hospitals (78 Spain, 36 France, 12 Greece and 5 Portugal) completed the questionnaire. There were differences regarding the in-charge specialist across these countries. There was variability in the use of guidelines and their adherence. Spain was the country with the least guideline adherence. There was a global agreement in ordering a brain CT for patients receiving anticoagulation or platelet inhibitors, and for patients with seizures, altered consciousness, neurological deficit, clinical signs of skull fracture or signs of facial fracture. Aging was not an indication for CT in French centres. Loss of consciousness and posttraumatic amnesia were considered as indications for CT more frequently in Spain than in France. These findings were in line with the data from the 6 clinical vignettes. The estimated use of CT reached around 50% of mTBI cases. The use of S100B is restricted to five French centres.

Conclusions
There were large variations in the guideline adherence, especially in the situations considered to order brain CT after mTBI.
Quotient of Bergman kernels on punctured Riemann surfaces
Authors: Auvray Hugues , Ma Xiaonan , Marinescu George 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider a punctured Riemann surface endowed with a Hermitian metric that equals the Poincaré metric near the punctures, and a holomorphic line bundle that polarizes the metric. We introduce a new method to compare the Bergman kernels of high tensor powers of the line bundle and of the Poincaré model near the singularity and show that their quotient tends to one uniformly on a neighborhood of the singularity up to arbitrary negative powers of the tensor power.
Intersections of thick compact sets in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$
Authors: Falconer Kenneth , Yavicoli Alexia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a definition of thickness in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

and obtain a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection of finitely or countably many thick compact sets using a variant of Schmidt’s game. As an application we prove that given any compact set in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

with thickness $$\tau $$
τ
, there is a number $$N(\tau )$$

N
(
τ
)

such that the set contains a translate of all sufficiently small similar copies of every set in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

with at most $$N(\tau )$$

N
(
τ
)

elements; indeed the set of such translations has positive Hausdorff dimension. We also prove a gap lemma and bounds relating Hausdorff dimension and thickness.
Cytokines and chemokines multiplex analysis in patients with low disease activity rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Skrzypkowska Maria , Stasiak Mariusz , Sakowska Justyna , Chmiel Joanna , Maciejewska Agata , Buciński Adam , Słomiński Bartosz , Trzonkowski Piotr , Łuczkiewicz Piotr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a severe chronic autoimmune disorder that results from pathological activation of immune cells and altered cytokine/chemokine network. The aim of our study was to evaluate concentrations of chosen cytokines and chemokines in blood sera and synovial fluid samples isolated from low disease activity rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) sufferers. Blood sera and synovial fluid samples have been obtained from 24 OA and 14 RA patients. Cytokines/chemokines levels have been determined using a Milliplex®Map 38-plex human cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead-based panel (Merck Millipore, Germany) and Luminex®MAGPIX®platform (Luminex USA). Low disease activity RA patients showed altered concentration of numerous cytokine/chemokine when compared to OA controls—they were characterized by, inter alia, increased: eotaxin/CCL11 (p = 0.037), GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.037), IL-2 (p = 0.013), IL-4 (p = 0.017), IL-7 (p = 0.003), IL-8 (p = 0.0007) and GM-CSF (p = 0.037) serum levels, whilst MDC/CCL22 concentration was decreased in this group (p = 0.034). Eotaxin/CCL11 (p = 0.001), GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.041), IL-10 (p = 0.003), GM-CSF (p = 0.01), IL-1RA (p = 0.0005) and VEGF (p = 0.01) concentrations in synovial fluid of RA females were also increased. Even with low disease activity score, RA patients exhibited increased concentrations of cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as numerous chemokines, growth factors and regulators of angiogenesis. Surprisingly, RA subjects also shown decreased concentration of CCL22 chemokine. The attempt to restore cytokine balance and tolerogenic environment is ineffective in RA sufferers even with good disease management. Distinguished factors could serve as possible indicators of disease progression even in low disease activity patients.
Partial monovision achieved by unilateral implantation of a multifocal add-on lens with bilateral pseudophakia: evaluation and results
Authors: Knecht Vitus André , Colosi Horaţiu Alexandru , Hassenstein Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the results of partial monovision (PMV) in comparison to a bilateral monofocal implantation (MMV).

Methods
The PMV group was treated bilaterally with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, followed 3 months later by the implantation of a multifocal AddOn® lens (+ 3.00 D) into the non-dominant eye. The MMV group received a bilateral monofocal IOL implantation intending to achieve a slight anisometropia (0.0 D/ − 0.50 D). The near visual acuity (UNVA), intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), distance visual acuity (UDVA), defocus curve, and Lang-Stereotest II were conducted uncorrected, binocular, and minimum 3 months after the last operation. For the contrast sensitivity test, the patients were refractively corrected. The Quality of Vision Questionnaire (QoV), Visual Function Questionnaire (VF-14), spectacle independence, and general satisfaction were also assessed.

Results
A total of 27 PMV patients and 28 MMV patients without ocular diseases relevant to visual acuity were examined. The PMV group was significantly better at UNVA (0.11 ± 0.08 logMAR vs 0.56 ± 0.16 logMAR) and between − 2.00 and − 4.00 D in the defocus curve (p < 0.001). At the UIVA, the PMV group was slightly better (0.11 ± 0.10 logMAR vs 0.20 ± 0.18 logMAR) but not significant (p = 0.054). The UDVA (− 0.13 ± 0.09 logMAR vs − 0.09 ± 0.14 logMAR) (p = 0.315) and contrast sensitivity (p = 0.667) revealed no differences between the groups. The stereo vision was in favor of PMV (p = 0.008). Spectacle independence was statistically better for PMV at distance, intermediate, and near (distance p = 0.012; intermediate p < 0.001; near p < 0.001). In the VF-14 Questionnaire, the PMV was statistically superior (p < 0.001). The QoV Questionnaire showed no differences regarding frequency and severity of visual disturbances. Both groups were highly satisfied (p = 0.509).

Conclusion
Patients with PMV are more independent of glasses and are able to read without disadvantages in distance vision, due to halos and glare. The concept of PMV is well suited for the desire of eyeglass independence, without optical side effects.
A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics
Authors: Diehl Patrick , Lipton Robert , Wick Thomas , Tyagi Mayank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComputational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, the Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities, with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized.
Unsupervised single image dehazing with generative adversarial network
Authors: Ren Wei , Zhou Li , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost recent learning algorithms for single image dehazing are designed to train with paired hazy and corresponding ground truth images, typically synthesized images. Real paired datasets can help to improve performance, but are tough to acquire. This paper proposes an unsupervised dehazing algorithm based on GAN to alleviate this issue. An end-to-end network based on GAN architecture is established and fed with unpaired clean and hazy images, signifying that the estimation of atmospheric light and transmission is not required. The proposed network consists of three parts: a generator, a global test discriminator, and a local context discriminator. Moreover, a dark channel prior based attention mechanism is applied to handle inconsistency haze. We conduct experiments on RESIDE datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach which outperformed previous state-of-the-art unsupervised methods by a large margin.
Emergence in southern France of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant harbouring both N501Y and E484K substitutions in the spike protein
Authors: Colson Philippe , Delerce Jérémy , Burel Emilie , Dahan Jordan , Jouffret Agnès , Fenollar Florence , Yahi Nouara , Fantini Jacques , La Scola Bernard , Raoult Didier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 variants have become a major virological, epidemiological, and clinical concern, particularly with regard to the risk of escape from vaccine-induced immunity. Here, we describe the emergence of a new variant, with the index case returning from travel in Cameroon. For 13 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients living in the same geographical area of southeastern France, a qPCR test for screening variant-associated mutations showed an atypical combination. The genome sequences were obtained by next-generation sequencing with Oxford Nanopore Technologies on GridION instruments within about 8 h. Analysis revealed 46 nucleotide substitutions and 37 deletions, resulting in 30 amino acid substitutions and 12 deletions. Fourteen of the amino acid substitutions, including N501Y and E484K, and nine deletions are located in the spike protein. This genotype pattern led to the establishment of a new Pangolin lineage, named B.1.640.2, that is a phylogenetic sister group to the old B.1.640 lineage, which has now been renamed B.1.640.1. The lineages differ by 25 nucleotide substitutions and 33 deletions. The combination of mutations in these isolates and their phylogenetic position indicate, based on our previous definition, that they represent a new variant, which we have named “IHU”. These data are a further example of the unpredictability of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and of their possible introduction into a given geographical area from abroad.