bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End-of-Life Use of Systemic Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: van Breeschoten Jesper , Ismail Rawa K. , Wouters Michel W.J.M. , Hilarius Doranne L. , de Wreede Liesbeth C. , Haanen John B. , Blank Christian U. , Aarts Maureen J.B. , van den Berkmortel Franchette W.P.J. , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Hospers Geke A.P. , Kapiteijn Ellen , Piersma Djura , van Rijn Rozemarijn S. , Stevense-den Boer Marion A. , van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Boers-Sonderen Marye J. , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P.M. , van den Eertwegh Alfons J.M. 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE: The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies improved the overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma. It is not known how often these costly treatments with potential serious side effects are ineffectively applied in the last phase of life. This study aimed to investigate the start of a new systemic therapy within 45 and 90 days of death in Dutch patients with advanced melanoma. METHODS: We selected patients who were diagnosed with unresectable IIIC or stage IV melanoma, registered in the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry, and died between 2013 and 2019. Primary outcome was the probability of starting a new systemic therapy 45 and 90 days before death. Secondary outcomes were type of systemic therapy started, grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), and the total costs of systemic therapies. RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2019, 3,797 patients with unresectable IIIC or stage IV melanoma were entered in the registry and died. The percentage of patients receiving a new systemic therapy within 45 and 90 days before death was significantly different between Dutch melanoma centers (varying from 6% to 23% and 20% to 46%, respectively). Thirteen percent of patients (n = 146) developed grade 3/4 AEs in the last period before death. The majority of patients with an AE required hospital admission (n = 102, 69.6%). Mean total costs of systemic therapy per cohort year of the patients who received a new systemic therapy within 90 days before death were 2.3%-2.8% of the total costs spent on melanoma therapies. CONCLUSION: The minority of Dutch patients with metastatic melanoma started a new systemic therapy in the last phase of life. However, the percentages varied between Dutch melanoma centers. Financial impact of these therapies in the last phase of life is relatively small.
Variations in cost of transport and their ecological consequences: a review
Authors: Jahn Miki , Seebacher Frank 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Movement is essential in the ecology of most animals, and it typically consumes a large proportion of individual energy budgets. Environmental conditions modulate the energetic cost of movement (cost of transport, COT), and there are pronounced differences in COT between individuals within species and across species. Differences in morphology affect COT, but the physiological mechanisms underlying variation in COT remain unresolved. Candidates include mitochondrial efficiency and the efficiency of muscle contraction–relaxation dynamics. Animals can offset increased COT behaviourally by adjusting movement rate and habitat selection. Here, we review the theory underlying COT and the impact of environmental changes on COT. Increasing temperatures, in particular, increase COT and its variability between individuals. Thermal acclimation and exercise can affect COT, but this is not consistent across taxa. Anthropogenic pollutants can increase COT, although few chemical pollutants have been investigated. Ecologically, COT may modify the allocation of energy to different fitness-related functions, and thereby influence fitness of individuals, and the dynamics of animal groups and communities. Future research should consider the effects of multiple stressors on COT, including a broader range of pollutants, the underlying mechanisms of COT and experimental quantifications of potential COT-induced allocation trade-offs.
“Don’t rush into thinking of walking again”: Patient views of treatment and disability following an open tibia fracture in Malawi
Authors: Schade Alexander Thomas , Sibande Wakumanya , Kumwenda Moses , Desmond Nicola , Chokotho Linda , Karasouli Eleni , Metcalfe Andrew , Harrison William J. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Open tibia fractures are a common injury following road traffic accidents in Malawi and can lead to long term disability. Very little is known about patients’ experiences of the healthcare system and the disability in low-income countries following this injury. The aim of the study was to explore patient experiences of treatment and disability following an open tibia fracture in Malawi. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with ten patients with open tibia fractures at a central hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. A mixed deductive-inductive thematic analysis was used to identify broad themes of treatment and disability. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: Patient characteristics included an average age of 39.1 years old (22-63) and 80% were male. Broad themes found were delays in receiving treatment, change in individuals’ societal role and delayed recovery associated with pain and immobility. Conclusions: Open tibia fractures in Malawi have a devastating impact on patients and their families. Further studies are required to explore the reasons for the delays in open fracture emergency treatment.
Marksismi retseptsioon ja dogmaatilise marksismi kriitika Eesti alal aastatel 1905–16
Authors: Roasto Margo 
Published: August 2022

In Estonian historiography, the revolutionary year of 1905 has been described as a starting point for subsequent political changes in 1917 and 1918. Hence many authors have highlighted the importance of political development that led to the foundation of the first Estonian political parties in 1905. However, the ideological differentiation of Estonian political thought between the revolutionary years of 1905 and 1917 has been studied less. The aim of this article is to analyse the political debates on Marxist theory that took place in the Estonian area of the Baltic provinces from 1905 to 1916.
The leaders of the Estonian socialist movement first became acquainted with Marxist theory through German and Russian socialist literature. Since 1905, various texts by socialist authors were also available to a wider audience in Estonian. First and foremost, the works of German social democrats were published in Estonian. During 1910–14, the first volume of Karl Marx’s Capital was translated into Estonian. While it had often previously been argued that socialism benefits all oppressed people, Marxist ideology was now presented as a scientific theory that explained economic development and protected the interests of industrial workers in a class society.
The article claims that during the period from 1905 to 1916, recognised experts on Marxist ideology emerged among Estonian socialists. In addition to Marxist tactics, Estonian socialist authors discussed theoretical issues such as the material conception of history. In these discussions, the personal conflicts between Estonian socialists as well as their ideological disagreements became evident. More broadly, these discussions were shaped by earlier ideological debates among European socialists at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
The article also argues that during the period considered, several Estonian left-wing thinkers questioned the validity of Marxism. Influenced by Bernstein’s revisionist ideas, these thinkers criticised Marxism as a one-sided and dogmatic ideology. They claimed that Marxism was just another theory with both strengths and weaknesses. However, Estonian social democrats who embraced Marxism as a scientific theory responded to such criticism and defended the materialist view of society.
The debates on Marxist theory considered here provide evidence of the ideological differentiation of Estonian left-wing political thought. From 1905 to 1916, numerous socialist texts in Estonian presented various approaches for understanding Marxist ideology. Thus, one can witness an intensified reception of Marxism in the Estonian area during that period. More specifically, these ideological debates reveal new facets of the political views of Estonian socialists who later affected the course of Estonian history as communist revolutionaries or as members of the Estonian Constituent Assembly.
GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub , Sereda Dominika , Nieścior Hubert 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Obesity is a chronic disease that causes the development of numerous complications such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. The 2017 global nutrition report showed that 2 billion adults and 41 million children worldwide are overweight or obese. Due to the growing problem of obesity, pharmacotherapy is recommended in patients with BMI ≥30 kg / m2 or BMI> 27 kg / m2 with accompanying risk factors. The aim of the study is to discuss the role of GLP-1 analogues in the treatment of obesity.
Description of the state of knowledge
GLP-1 receptor agonists that were initially related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes are now being used successfully in the treatment of obesity.
The GLP-1 hormone is released from intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to an increase in glucose levels. Due to the wide neuroanatomical distribution of GLP-1R within the structures of the reward system, it is possible to suppress the need for food intake, which translates into a reduction in the amount of food consumed and a decrease in body weight. The most common side effects associated with the use of GLP-1 analogues include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, which rarely lead to discontinuation of treatment.
Summary
Numerous studies have shown that chronic systemic delivery of GLP-1 agonists led to weight loss and helped to maintain a lower body weight. Reduction in food intake is reported as the main mechanism. Discontinuation of the drug was associated with weight gain.
Long noncoding RNA H19 alleviates inflammation in osteoarthritis through interactions between TP53, IL-38, and IL-36 receptor
Authors: Zhou Yeli , Li Jing , Xu Feng , Ji Encheng , Wang Chenglong , Pan Zheer 
Published: August 2022

Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic inflammatory articular cartilage degradation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been previously indicated to play an important role in inflammation-related diseases. Herein, the current study set out to explore the involvement of lncRNA H19 in OA. Methods Firstly, OA mouse models and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes were established. Expression patterns of IL-38 were determined in the synovial fluid and cartilage tissues from OA patients. Furthermore, the targeting relationship between lncRNA H19, tumour protein p53 (TP53), and IL-38 was determined by means of dual-luciferase reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Subsequent to gain- and loss-of-function assays, the levels of cartilage damage and proinflammatory factors were further detected using safranin O-fast green staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vivo, respectively, while chondrocyte apoptosis was measured using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) in vitro. Results IL-38 was highly expressed in lentivirus vector-mediated OA mice. Meanwhile, injection of exogenous IL-38 to OA mice alleviated the cartilage damage, and reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors and chondrocyte apoptosis. TP53 was responsible for lncRNA H19-mediated upregulation of IL-38. Furthermore, it was found that the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-38 were achieved by its binding with the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Overexpression of H19 reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and chondrocyte apoptosis, which was abrogated by knockdown of IL-38 or TP53. Conclusion Collectively, our findings evidenced that upregulation of lncRNA H19 attenuates inflammation and ameliorates cartilage damage and chondrocyte apoptosis in OA by upregulating TP53, IL-38, and by activating IL-36R. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):594–607.
Enhanced and tunable femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of pure and nickel-doped zinc oxide films
Authors: Mohamed Shaimaa , Abdel Samad Fatma , Ashour Mohamed , Abdel-wahab M. Sh. , Tawfik Wael Z. , Soma Venugopal Rao , Mohamed Tarek 
Published: August 2022

The nonlinear optical properties of pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO thin films are explored using the Z-scan technique at different input laser intensities and an excitation wavelength of 750 nm by 100 fs laser pulses. The pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO thin films were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. A scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to measure the thickness and composition of the thin films, while a UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the linear optical properties. The structure of the thin films was measured using x-ray diffraction. Saturable absorption (SA) was observed in the pure ZnO thin film, while Ni-doped ZnO illustrated a combination of SA and reverse SA (RSA). The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of both pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO thin films were found to be input laser intensity dependent. As the input laser intensity increased, the nonlinear absorption coefficient and the nonlinear refractive index of both samples increased. An enhancement of two times in the nonlinear refractive index was observed for the Ni-doped ZnO thin film compared to the pure ZnO thin film. The optical limiting behavior of pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO thin films was investigated, and the data demonstrated that Ni-doped ZnO thin film is a good candidate for optical limiter applications due to the presence of strong RSA.
Impact of COVID-19 on the food security and identifying the compromised food security dimension: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Gebeyehu Daniel Teshome , East Leah , Wark Stuart , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: August 2022

Background
Food security is substantially affected directly by COVID-19 and/or indirectly by the measures adopted for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the impact of COVID-19 on food security and identify the most compromised food security dimension to ease the food security regulators and actors’ intervention prioritisation.

Methodology
Primary research focused on the impact of COVID-19 on food security will be searched from three online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), manually using a google scholar search engine, and studies’ reference list were also manually searched. The prevalence of food insecurity in each study and the most compromised food security dimension including their associated factors will be identified. The food insecurity before and after COVID-19 emergence and the status of food security dimension before and after COVID-19 will be compared and interpreted.

Discussion
The heterogeneity of the studies and the factors for the variability of outcomes will be discussed. COVID-19 had a negative impact on food security if the food insecurity prevalence before the emergence of COVID-19 is less than during the COVID-19 pandemic. Other confounding factors that can contribute to the high food insecurity prevalence like natural disasters, war, and instability will be considered in addition to COVID-19.

Registration
This systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registration number: CRD42022325475.
The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy, Laura Cull Ó Maoilearca and Alice Lagaay (eds) (2020)
Authors: Naccarato Teoma 
Published: August 2022

Review of: The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy, Laura Cull Ó Maoilearca and Alice Lagaay (eds) (2020)
London and New York: Routledge, 490 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13849-562-3, h/bk, £190
ISBN 978-1-00303-531-2, e-book, £36
Funções de pedotransferência para estimar a retenção e a disponibilidade de água em Planossolo Háplico sob sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária no Agreste da Paraíba
Authors: Costa da Nóbrega Camila , Luan Ferreira da Silva Pedro , Pereira de Oliveira Flávio , César Costa Campos Milton , Targino de Sousa Neto Abraão 
Published: August 2022

Objetivou-se com este trabalho a geração de Funções de Pedotransferência (FPT) para predição da umidade retida a potenciais matriciais específicos em um Planossolo Háplico sob sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária no Agreste da Paraíba, após três anos de implantação dos sistemas. A pesquisa foi conduzida na EMPAER, Alagoinha, PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco sistemas de integração e quatro repetições. Os sistemas foram: 1) Gliricídia + Brachiaria decumbens; 2) Sabiá + Brachiaria decumbens; 3) Ipê roxo + Brachiaria decumbens; 4) Milho + Brachiaria decumbens; 5) Brachiaria decumbens. Foi determinada a retenção de água no solo nos potenciais matriciais: Ψm = 0, -6, -10, -33, -100, -300, -500, -1000 e -1500 kPa. Foram geradas e validadas funções de pedotransferência (FPT) para cada ponto da curva de retenção. As FPT geradas para estimar os pontos da curva de retenção de água no solo estudado foram validadas através da relação 1:1 entre dados observados e os estimados. Também foram aplicados FPT existentes na literatura. Os resultados mostraram um aumento no conteúdo de água disponível em todos os tratamentos em profundidade, estando relacionado a granulometria do solo. Os pontos da curva de retenção de água no solo foram estimados com razoável precisão (R² ≈ 0,88) a partir das FPT geradas, podendo essas funções serem utilizadas em modelos de simulação de retenção de água no solo, considerando o solo em estudo e as características da região. As FPT testadas da literatura, apresentaram baixa eficiência preditiva.
Agregação e coeficiente de vulnerabilidade estrutural de um Latossolo sob plantio direto e adubações nitrogenadas e potássicas
Authors: Tavares Danillo Dutra , Silva Pedro Luan Ferreira da , Oliveira Flávio Pereira de , Martins Adriana Ferreira , Silva Alison José da , Souza Adailson Pereira de , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Campos Milton César Costa 
Published: August 2022

Os Latossolos tropicais, geralmente, se apresentam bem agregados, contudo, nos últimos anos têm havido uma intensificação agrícola desses solos devidos à demanda global por fibras e proteínas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a agregação e coeficiente de vulnerabilidade estrutural de um Latossolo Amarelo sob sistema de plantio direto submetido às adubações nitrogenadas e potássicas. O experimento foi instalado seguindo um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 11 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial conforme a matriz Plan Puebla III, resultado da combinação de cinco doses de Nitrogênio (N), na forma de Uréia (5; 30; 50; 70 e 95 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de Potássio (K), na forma de KCl (4; 24; 40; 56 e 76 kg ha-1), mais a testemunha (sem adubação). As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-10 e 10-20 cm de profundidade. A agregação do solo foi determinada pela separação e classificação por tamanho do diâmetro médio ponderado de agregados secos e úmidos. As demais variáveis avaliadas foram granulometria, densidade do solo e distribuição do espaço poroso. Os maiores valores de macroagregados secos na camada de 0-10 cm foram 90,8 e 92,5%, para linha e entrelinha, respectivamente. Para a camada de 10-20 cm, o maior valor na linha foi de 92,1% e 92,6% na entrelinha. Conclui-se que o sistema de uso com adoção de plantio direto e a combinação da adubação nitrogenada e potássica, não alterou a estabilidade dos agregados.
A Comparative Analysis of Emissions Trading Systems: Cost Efficiency and Environmental Jurisdictional Authority Overlap
Authors: Ji Philip Inyeob , Mulenga Richard , Bhandari Seema Bogati 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study conducts a comparative analysis of selected emissions trading systems (ETS) by examining them in terms of cost efficiency and jurisdictional authority overlap. Findings show that, the selected allowances markets generally exhibit cost inefficiency as manifested by price volatility. It is also found that ETS environmental jurisdictional overlaps are largely caused by the overly centralized environmental policy regulation. Literature review indicates that practical approaches to mitigating price volatility and jurisdictional authority problems include, among others, linking of ETS jurisdictions as exemplified by the linked California-Quebec ETS, integration of allowances markets, switching from emission-based taxation to consumption-based taxation, and development of the derivatives markets. Streamlining and delegation of environmental laws and judicial reviews are some of the efforts that could help mitigate jurisdictional overlap disputes.
Numerically flat holomorphic bundles over non-Kähler manifolds
Authors: Li Chao , Nie Yanci , Zhang Xi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study numerically flat holomorphic vector bundles over a compact non-Kähler manifold X which admits an Astheno–Kähler metric.
We prove that
numerically flatness is equivalent to
approximate Hermitian flatness and the existence of a filtration by sub-bundles whose quotients are Hermitian flat.
This gives an affirmative answer to the question proposed by Demailly, Peternell and Schneider.
“We are in our country. Why do we have to resort to western ways of doing things?”: an analytic framework for knowledge application in language teachers studying abroad
Authors: Marshall Steve , Spracklin Arlene Kent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article we suggest a framework for researching the study abroad experiences of English language teachers, and analyze data from a study of higher education English teachers from four Southeast Asian countries who completed graduate studies at a Canadian university. We present data from interviews with 10 participants which took place in their home countries four years after taking the program. Research questions and interview questions relate to the relevance of the program to participants’ professional practice, the challenges they faced when applying knowledge in their local contexts, and the opportunities and benefits that came with completing a Canadian graduate program. In our data analysis, we highlight a combination of local, national, and transnational factors, as well as cultural differences, that affected the application of knowledge learned in Canada. We conclude by considering a number of implications for educators involved in study abroad programs for English language teachers.