bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis living through the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ryan Noelle , Meskell Pauline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the experience of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis living through the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured interviews.MethodPurposive sampling was employed to recruit 13 participants with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis attending the respiratory department of a large urban teaching hospital in Limerick, Ireland. Data were collected between January 2021 and February 2021 through semi‐structured interviews, using an online platform. Reflective thematic analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified from participant's experience of living through the COVID‐19 pandemic: (1) fear of contracting COVID‐19 disease, (2) living with reduced social interaction, (3) the adjustment in the relationship with healthcare professionals (HCP) and (4) navigating an altered landscape.ConclusionHealthcare professionals have a key role in protecting the physical and psychological health of the person with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during this time and into the future. Through being cognisant of the additional supportive care needs of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HCP can focus on developing targeted interventions aimed to enhance care provision.ImpactThis study considers people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a particularly vulnerable group whose experiences of living through the COVID‐19 pandemic warrant specific attention. Participants felt compelled to self‐isolate due to fear and anxiety of contracting COVID‐19 disease. Participants reported increased social isolation with some experiencing anger and resentment at loss of precious time with loved ones. Participants felt an increased responsibility for self‐monitoring their condition and had concerns about differentiating symptoms of COVID‐19 disease from an exacerbation. A variety of strategies that helped them cope through the pandemic were identified and also the important role these played. The results from this study can be used to inform HCP’ understanding of challenges experienced by people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during enforced restrictions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Sex disparities in enrollment and reporting of outcomes by sex in contemporary clinical trials of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Thomas Gijo , Nyaga Ulrich Flore , Fitzgerald John L. , Gallagher Celine , Middeldorp Melissa E. , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderrepresentation of females in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) limits generalizability and quality of the evidence guiding treatment of females. This study aimed to measure the sex disparities in participants' recruitment in RCTs of atrial fibrillation (AF) and determine associated factors, and to describe the frequency of outcomes reported by sex.MethodsMEDLINE was searched to identify RCTs of AF published between January 1, 2011, and November 20, 2021, in 12 top‐tier journals. We measured the enrollment of females using the enrollment disparity difference (EDD) which is the difference between the proportion of females in the trial and the proportion of females with AF in the underlying general population (obtained from the Global Burden of Disease). Random‐effects meta‐analyses of the EDD were performed, and multivariable meta‐regression was used to explore factors associated with disparity estimates. We also determined the proportion of trials that included sex‐stratified results.ResultsOut of 1133 records screened, 142 trials were included, reporting on a total of 133 532 participants. The random‐effects summary EDD was −0.125 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.143 to −0.108), indicating that females were under‐enrolled by 12.5 percentage points. Female enrollment was higher in trials with higher sample size (<250 vs. >750, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.065, 95% CI: 1.008–1.125), higher mean participants' age (aOR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002–1.009), and lower in trials conducted in North America compared to Europe (aOR: 0.945, 95% CI: 0.898–0.995). Only 36 trials (25.4%) reported outcomes by sex, and of these 29 (80.6%) performed statistical testing of the sex‐by‐treatment interaction.ConclusionFemales remain substantially less represented in RCTs of AF, and sex‐stratified reporting of primary outcomes is infrequent. These findings call for urgent action to improve sex equity in enrollment and sex‐stratified outcomes' reporting in RCTs of AF.
Long‐term follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial comparing systemic family therapy (FT‐S) added to treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU alone in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Godart Nathalie , Dorard Géraldine , Duclos Jeanne , Curt Florence , Kaganski Irène , Minier Lisa , Corcos Maurice , Falissard Bruno , Eisler Ivan , Jeammet Philippe , Berthoz Sylvie 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundRandomized controlled trials showed the efficacy of family therapy for anorexia nervosa during adolescence, but studies examining its long‐term beneficial effect are still needed. This article presents the results of a 54‐month post‐randomization follow‐up of a previously reported randomized controlled trial that compared two post‐hospitalization outpatient treatment programs: Treatment As Usual alone versus Systemic Family Therapy added to Treatment As Usual.MethodsA consecutive series of 60 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa (DSM‐IV) were randomized (30 per group). During the first 18 months, in the Treatment As Usual group, subjects received a multidisciplinary treatment. In the other group, Systemic Family Therapy sessions targeting intra‐familial dynamics were added to Treatment As Usual. At 54 months, the primary outcome was defined using the Morgan and Russell global Outcome Categories (Good or Intermediate versus Poor). Secondary outcomes were the Global Outcome Assessment Schedule score, body mass index, amenorrhea, number of hospitalizations, eating disorder symptoms, psychopathological features, and family functioning. Analyses were carried out using an Intention‐To‐Treat with the Last Observation Carried Forward procedure. Data of 59/60 subjects were available.ResultsAt 54 months, significant effects in favor of adding Systemic Family Therapy to Treatment As Usual were shown for the Global Outcome Categories (60% of Good/Intermediate versus 31% in the control group, p = .026), mean body mass index (p = .048), resumption of menses (70.0% vs. 40% p = .020), and mental state score (p = .010). Family cohesion scores were lower in the Systemic Family Therapy group (p = .040).ConclusionsAdding Systemic Family Therapy focusing on intra‐familial dynamics to a multidimensional outpatient treatment program appeared to lead to a better long‐term outcome in young women who suffered from severe anorexia nervosa during adolescence.
Two‐stage particle separation channel based on standing surface acoustic wave
Authors: Lv Honglin , Chen Xueye , Zhang Yaolong , Wang Xiangyang , Zeng Xiangwei , Zhang Dengying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic technology has great advantages in the precise manipulation of micro and nano particles, and the collection method of micro and nano particles based on ultrasonic standing waves has attracted much attention for its high efficiency and simplicity of structure. This article proposes a two‐stage particle separation channel using ultrasound. In the microfluidic channel, two different sound pressure regions are used to achieve the separation of particles with positive acoustic contrast factors. Through numerical simulation, the performance of three common piezoelectric substrate materials was compared qualitatively and quantitatively, and it was found that the output sound pressure intensity of 128°YX‐LiNbO3 was high and the output was stable. At the same time, the influence of the number of electrode pairs of the interdigital transducer and the electrode voltage on the output sound wave is studied. Finally, 15 pairs of electrode pairs are selected, and the electrode voltages of the two sound pressure regions are 2.0 V and 3.0 V, respectively. After selecting the corresponding parameters, the separation process was numerically simulated, and the separation of three kinds of particles was successfully achieved. This work has laid a certain theoretical foundation for rapid disease diagnosis and real‐time monitoring of the environment in practical applications.
Growth and development of trabecular structure in the calcaneus of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) reflects locomotor behavior, life history, and neuromuscular development
Authors: Saers Jaap P. P. , Gordon Adam D. , Ryan Timothy M. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBone structure dynamically adapts to its mechanical environment throughout ontogeny by altering the structure of trabecular bone, the three‐dimensional mesh‐like structure found underneath joint surfaces. Trabecular structure, then, can provide a record of variation in loading directions and magnitude; and in ontogenetic samples, it can potentially be used to track developmental shifts in limb posture. We aim to broaden the analysis of trabecular bone ontogeny by incorporating interactions between ontogenetic variation in locomotor repertoire, neuromuscular maturation, and life history. We examine the associations between these variables and age‐related variation in trabecular structure in the calcaneus of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We used high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography scanning to image the calcaneus in a cross‐sectional sample of 34 juvenileM. fuscataaged between 0 and 7 years old at the Primate Research Institute, Japan. We calculated whole bone averages of standard trabecular properties and generated whole‐bone morphometric maps of bone volume fraction and Young’s modulus. Trabecular structure becomes increasingly heterogeneous in older individuals. Bone volume fraction (BV/total volume [TV]) decreases during the first month of life and increases afterward, coinciding with the onset of independent locomotion inM. fuscata. At birth, primary Young’s modulus is oriented orthogonal to the ossification center, but after locomotor onset bone structure becomes stiffest in the direction of joint surfaces and muscle attachments. Age‐related variation in bone volume fraction is best predicted by an interaction between the estimated percentage of adult brain size, body mass, and locomotor onset. To explain our findings, we propose a model where interactions between age‐related increases in body weight and maturation of the neuromuscular system alter the loading environment of the calcaneus, to which the internal trabecular structure dynamically adapts. This model cannot be directly tested based on our cross‐sectional data. However, confirmation of the model by longitudinal experiments and in multiple species would show that trabecular structure can be used both to infer behavior from fossil morphology and serve as a valuable proxy for neuromuscular maturation and life history events like locomotor onset and the achievement of an adult‐like gait. This approach could significantly expand our knowledge of the biology and behavior of fossil species.
Von Economo neurons: Cellular specialization of human limbic cortices?
Authors: González‐Acosta Carlos A. , Ortiz‐Muñoz Daniela , Becerra‐Hernández Lina V. , Casanova Manuel F. , Buriticá Efraín 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVon Economo neurons (VENs) have been mentioned in the medical literature since the second half of the 19th century; however, it was not until the second decade of the 20th century that their cytomorphology was described in detail. To date, VENs have been found in limbic sectors of the frontal, temporal and insular lobes. In humans, their density seems to decrease in the caudo‐rostral and ventro‐dorsal direction; that is, from the anterior regions of the cingulate and insular cortices towards the frontal pole and the superior frontal gyrus. Several studies have provided similar descriptions of the shape of the VEN soma, but the size of the soma varies from one cortical region to another. There is consensus among different authors about the selective vulnerability of VENs in certain pathologies, in which a deterioration of the capacities involved in social behaviour is observed. In this review, we propose that the restriction of VENs towards the sectors linked to limbic information processing in Homo sapiens gives them a possible functional role in relation to the structures in which they are located. However, given the divergence in characteristics such as location, density, size and biochemical profile among VENs of different cortical sectors, the activities in which they participate could allow them to partake in a wide spectrum of neurological functions, including autonomic responses and executive functions.
Pandemics and consumers' mental well‐being
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents the immense impact that pandemics can have specifically on consumers' mental well‐being, extending many of the well‐being topics examined in this special issue on pandemics and consumer well‐being. Avenues for future research in the area are suggested, with expanded discussion and future research suggestions related to four consumer characteristics including three areas associated with negative mental well‐being (parenthood, suffering with chronic illness, aging, and family) as well as another characteristic associated with positive mental well‐being (religion). The article concludes with a pressing call to action for academics and others to step up to the purpose in their careers and make a difference in the world for good in relation to consumers' mental well‐being.
Classification of stillbirth by the International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality using a sequential approach: A 20‐year retrospective study from Thailand
Authors: Taweevisit Mana , Nimitpanya Panachai , Thorner Paul S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality (ICD‐PM) is a system for recording causes of perinatal death. In this system, placental pathology is considered a “maternal condition” and this category does not cover the spectrum of placental pathology that can impact on perinatal death. The aim of the study was to apply a wider spectrum of placental pathology as a separate parameter for classifying death in the ICD‐PM.MethodsAll autopsy reports at a single institution over a 20‐year period (2001–2020) were reviewed. Causes of stillbirth were analyzed in a sequential manner: step 1, clinical history and laboratory results; step 2, placenta; and step 3, autopsy; and classified at each step according to the ICD‐PM.ResultsThe review identified 330 cases, including 126 antepartum and 204 intrapartum deaths. Step 1 identified a cause in 176 (86%) intrapartum deaths and 64 (51%) antepartum deaths. The addition of placental pathology (step 2) changed the cause of death in 12% of cases, with causes now identified in 190 (93%) intrapartum and 89 (71%) antepartum deaths. Adding step 3 did not identify any additional causes of death.ConclusionThe accuracy of the ICD‐PM classification is dependent on the data available. Placental pathology made a significant difference in assigning causes of death in our series, stressing the importance of placental examination. Determination of the cause of death based on clinical history and laboratory data alone may be inaccurate, and less useful for comparative studies and planning prenatal care.
Exploring the needs and coping strategies of New Zealand parents in the neonatal environment
Authors: Dodge Andrew , Gibson Charlotte , Williams Matt , Ross Kirsty 
Published: February 2022

AimHaving an infant admitted to a neonatal care facility can be highly distressing for parents given the fragile state of their child and the often‐unfamiliar environment. This study aimed to explore the needs and coping strategies of parents in this setting.MethodsAn online qualitative survey was used to explore the needs of parents who had a child discharged from a New Zealand neonatal unit in the past 12 months. A total of 394 parents participated in the study (387 mothers, 5 fathers), providing 970 responses across three open‐ended questions examining their needs, unmet needs and coping strategies. The study included participants across both neonatal intensive care units and special care baby units, with prematurity (47%) the most common reason for admission. An inductive form of thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour themes were developed that capture the needs and coping strategies expressed by parents in this study: communication and information; physical contact and access to the baby; emotional and non‐medical support; and involvement, autonomy and respect.ConclusionsThe themes developed largely centre around the struggle parents face when confronting the uncertainty of the neonatal environment and the difficulty in establishing their parental role. Parental distress may be reduced through communicating accurate information regularly and providing empathetic understanding, while opportunities for physical contact and involvement may assist in raising parental confidence and scaffolding the journey to independent care of their infant.
Active learning structural model updating of a multisensory system based on Kriging method and Bayesian inference
Authors: Yuan Ye , Au Francis T. K. , Yang Dong , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModel updating techniques are often applied to calibrate the numerical models of bridges using structural health monitoring data. The updated models can facilitate damage assessment and prediction of responses under extreme loading conditions. Some researchers have adopted surrogate models, for example, Kriging approach, to reduce the computations, while others have quantified uncertainties with Bayesian inference. It is desirable to further improve the efficiency and robustness of the Kriging‐based model updating approach and analytically evaluate its uncertainties. An active learning structural model updating method is proposed based on the Kriging method. The expected feasibility learning function is extended for model updating using a Bayesian objective function. The uncertainties can be quantified through a derived likelihood function. The case study for verification involves a multisensory vehicle‐bridge system comprising only two sensors, with one installed on a vehicle parked temporarily on the bridge and another mounted directly on the bridge. The proposed algorithm is utilized for damage detection of two beams numerically and an aluminum model beam experimentally. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory accuracy in identifying damage with much less data, compared with the general Kriging model updating technique. Both the computation and instrumentation can be reduced for structural health monitoring and model updating.
Nitrogen fertilisation disrupts the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae but not spore density and community composition in a wheat field
Authors: Babalola Busayo Joshua , Li Jing , Willing Claire Elizabeth , Zheng Yong , Wang Yong‐Long , Gan Hui‐Yun , Li Xing‐Chun , Wang Cong , Adams Catharine A. , Gao Cheng , Guo Liang‐Dong 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Elucidating the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is critical for understanding their functions. Furthermore, research investigating the temporal dynamics of AM fungi in response to agricultural practices remains in its infancy.

We investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilisation and watering reduction on the temporal dynamics of AM fungi, across the lifespan of wheat.

Nitrogen fertilisation decreased AM fungal spore density (SD), extraradical hyphal density (ERHD), and intraradical colonisation rate (IRCR) in both watering conditions. Nitrogen fertilisation affected AM fungal community composition in soil but not in roots, regardless of watering conditions. The temporal analysis revealed that AM fungal ERHD and IRCR were higher under conventional watering and lower under reduced watering in March than in other growth stages at low (≤ 70 kg N ha−1 yr−1) but not at high (≥ 140) nitrogen fertilisation levels. AM fungal SD was lower in June than in other growth stages and community composition varied with plant development at all nitrogen fertilisation levels, regardless of watering conditions.

This study demonstrates that high nitrogen fertilisation levels disrupt the temporal dynamics of AM fungal hyphal growth but not sporulation and community composition.
Investigating target refraction advice provided to cataract surgery patients by UK optometrists and ophthalmologists
Authors: Charlesworth Emily , Alderson Alison J , Fylan Fiona , Armstrong Richard A , Chandra Aman , Elliott David B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether UK optometrists and ophthalmologists provide target refraction advice to patients prior to cataract surgery, and when this should first be discussed.MethodsOptometrists and ophthalmologists were asked to complete a survey of two clinical vignettes (both older patients with cataract; a pre‐operative myope who routinely read without glasses and a patient using a monovision approach), plus multiple choice and short answer questions either using hard copy or online.ResultsResponses were obtained from 437 optometrists and 50 ophthalmologists. Optometrists who reported they would provide target refraction advice were more experienced (median 22 years) than those who would leave this to the Hospital Eye Service (median 10 years). The former group reported it was in the patients’ best interest to make an informed decision as they had seen many myopic patients who read uncorrected pre‐operatively, and were unhappy that they could no longer do so after surgery. Inexperienced optometrists reported that they did not want to overstep their authority and left the decision to the ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologists estimated their percentage of emmetropic target refractions over the last year to have been 90%.ConclusionCurrently, some long‐term myopes become dissatisfied after cataract surgery due to an emmetropic target refraction that leaves them unable to read without glasses as they did prior to surgery. Although experienced optometrists are aware of this and attempt to discuss this issue with patients, less experienced optometrists tend not to. This suggests that target refraction needs greater exposure in university training and continuing professional development. To provide patients with the knowledge to make informed decisions regarding their surgery, we suggest an agreed protocol within funded direct referral schemes of initial target refraction discussions by optometrists to introduce the idea of refractive outcomes and outline options, with further discussion with the ophthalmologist to clarify understanding.