bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐relationship stalking and intimate partner abuse in a sample of Australian adolescents
Authors: Cloonan‐Thomas Sinead , Daff Elizabeth S. , McEwan Troy E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThere is limited research examining stalking among adolescents. This study investigates adolescent stalking following an intimate relationship, or post‐relationship stalking (PRS), potential links with youth intimate partner abuse (YIPA) during the relationship, and examines psychological processes hypothesised to be associated with perpetrating PRS.MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐three participants aged between 14–18 years were recruited from Australian secondary schools, with a subsample of 205 who reported on experiences of YIPA and PRS used in this study.ResultsResults showed that PRS was prevalent, with 19% (n = 33) reporting victimisation and 18% (n = 31) perpetration. Significant relationships were found between the experience of PRS and prior YIPA victimisation. Rumination about relationships was significantly related to PRS perpetration.ConclusionsThese findings add to the small body of literature on adolescent stalking and emphasise the need for more research into this phenomenon in order to guide developmentally appropriate prevention and intervention strategies.
The scope of inductive risk
Authors: Magnus P. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Argument from Inductive Risk (AIR) is taken to show that values are inevitably involved in making judgments or forming beliefs. After reviewing this conclusion, this paper poses cases that are prima facie counterexamples: the unreflective application of conventions, use of black‐boxed instruments, reliance on opaque algorithms, and unskilled observation reports. These cases are counterexamples to the AIR posed in ethical terms as a matter of personal values. Nevertheless, it need not be understood in those terms. The values that load a theory choice may be those of institutions or past actors. This means that the challenge of responsibly handling inductive risk is not merely an ethical issue but is also social, political, and historical.
Motivational determinism
Authors: Barnes Eric Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhysical determinism is a metaphysical thesis about the natural world whose consequences for freedom and moral responsibility have been widely discussed. In this paper, I articulate a different form of determinism, motivational determinism, which claims that all intentional action is causally determined by the prior motivational state of the agent. Motivational determinism was defended in a simple form by Hume, but has been neglected in recent philosophical literature. I show that there are important reasons that support the plausibility of MD. I then compare MD with libertarian and physical deterministic theories of agency and note that MD has various attractive features. I show that MD is much more threatening to moral responsibility than physical determinism. I conclude that MD is an interesting theory of human agency that deserves wide attention.
Pairwise Comparisons as a Scale Development Tool for Composite Measures
Authors: Floridi Ginevra , Lauderdale Benjamin E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComposite scales are widely used for measuring aggregate social science concepts. These often consist of linear indices obtained as the weighted sum of a set of relevant indicators. However, selecting coefficients (or weights) that reflect the substantive importance of each indicator towards the concept of interest is a difficult task. We propose a method for the generation of linear indices for aggregate concepts based on pairwise comparisons. Specifically, we ask a group of subject-matter experts to perform a series of pairwise comparisons, with respect to the concept of interest, between profiles displaying different combinations of indicators. This allows us to estimate coefficients for each indicator that provide a linear approximation to how experts make the pairwise evaluations. As we show, the method makes it straightforward to assess intercoder reliability, while being a more accessible task than directly asking experts for coefficients. We demonstrate our method with an application to the concept of ‘productive ageing’, including a cross-cultural comparison of weighting schemes derived from a group of Italian and a group of South Korean experts on this concept.
Experimental strain‐based vibration control to obtain the fatigue strain limit by the staircase method
Authors: Shi Lujie , Khalij Leila , Gautrelet Christophe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study is a combination of constant amplitude fatigue experimental tests with strain control technique and staircase method to assess the fatigue strain limit (FSL). The strain control provides a dwell‐fatigue test to the failure by a strain gauge bonded to the reduced section center of the specimen. A staircase test procedure with a vibration bending bench is detailed in this work, including parameters selection. The result analysis is based on kernel density estimation, used to access the FSL on non‐parameter distribution. Low‐carbon steel specimens with fatigue zone were selected to evaluate the FSL statistical features. The results highlight the efficiency of the strain‐controlled staircase method to reach the FSL.
An Alternative Formulation for Modeling Self-Excited Vibrations of Drillstring With Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits
Authors: Tian Kaixiao , Detournay Emmanuel , Zhang He 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work describes an alternative formulation of a system of nonlinear state-dependent delay differential equations (SDDDEs), which governs the coupled axial-torsional vibrations of a 2 DOF drillstring model with a realistic representation of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits. The regenerative effect associated with the complex cutter layout for such bits can introduce up to 100 state-dependent delays in the equations of motion. This large number of state-dependent delays renders the computational efficiency of conventional solution strategies unacceptable. The regeneration of the bottom-hole surface can alternatively be described by the bit trajectory function, whose evolution is governed by a partial differential equation (PDE). Thus the original system of SDDDEs can be replaced by a nonlinear coupled system of a PDE and ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Via the application of the Galerkin Method, this system of PDE-ODEs is transformed into a system of coupled ODEs, which can readily be solved. The algorithm is further extended to perform a linear stability analysis of the bit motion. The resulting stability boundaries are verified with time-domain simulations. The reported algorithm could, in principle, be applied to a more realistic drillstring model, which may lead to an in-depth understanding of the mitigation of self-excited vibrations through PDC bit designs.
Effects of Intrinsic Flame Instabilities on Thermoacoustic Oscillations in Lean Premixed Gas Turbines
Authors: Li Fangyan , Tian Xiaotao , Du Minglong , Shi Lei , Cui Jiashan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thermoacoustic instabilities are commonly encountered in the development of aeroengines and rocket motors. Research on the fundamental mechanism of thermoacoustic instabilities is beneficial for the optimal design of these engine systems. In the present study, a thermoacoustic instability model based on the lean premixed gas turbines (LPGT) combustion system was established. The longitudinal distribution of heat release caused by the intrinsic instability of flame front was considered in the model. Effects of different heat release distributions and characteristic parameters (Lewis number Le, Zeldovich Number β, and Prandtl number Pr) of the premixed gas on thermoacoustic instability behaviors of the LPGT system were investigated based on the established model. Results show that the LPGT system features have two kinds of unstable thermoacoustic modes. The first one corresponds to the natural acoustic mode of the plenum and the second one corresponds to that of the combustion chamber. The characteristic parameters of the premixed gases have a large impact on the stability of the system and can even change the system from stable to unstable state.
Optimum Design and Performance Simulation of a Multi-Device Integrated System Based on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Xiuqin , Cheng Wentao , Lin Qiubao , Wu Longquan , Wang Junyi , Chen Jincan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) based on syngas are a promising technology for electric vehicle applications. To increase the fuel conversion efficiency, the low-temperature waste heat from the PEMFC is absorbed by a refrigerator. The absorption refrigerator provides cool air for the interior space of the vehicle. Between finishing the steam reforming reaction and flowing into the fuel cell, the gases release heat continuously. A Brayton engine is introduced to absorb heat and provide a useful power output. A novel thermodynamic model of the integrated system of the PEMFC, refrigerator, and Brayton engine is established. Expressions for the power output and efficiency of the integrated system are derived. The effects of some key parameters are discussed in detail to attain the optimum performance of the integrated system. The simulation results show that when the syngas consumption rate is 4.0 × 10−5 mol s−1 cm−2, the integrated system operates in an optimum state and the product of the efficiency and power density reaches a maximum. In this case, the efficiency and power density of the integrated system are 0.28 and 0.96 J s−1 cm−2, respectively, which are 46% higher than those of a PEMFC.
Rotordynamics of an Improved Face-Grinding Spindle: Rotational Stiffness of Thrust Bearing Increases Radial Stiffness of Spindle
Authors: Lin Shengye , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The support is a key factor affecting performance of face-grinding spindle. However, advantage of traditional rolling element bearing is not highlighted when it is for large-size face grinding. This technical brief aims to develop a combined support for the face-grinding spindle consisting of a water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing and two types of radial rolling bearings, and the flexible rotor dynamics of the spindle with the combined support is analyzed using the modified transfer matrix method. The results show that the rotational stiffness of water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing can increase the radial stiffness of the face-grinding spindle, so the small-size rolling bearings can be utilized as the radial support for the spindle by aid of such rotational stiffness. A comparative study of comprehensive performance between the spindle supported by rolling bearings and the replacement spindle designed with our proposed combined support shows that the proposed one has technical advantage of large axial load-carrying capacity, low frictional power loss, low temperature rise, etc.
Numerical Investigation for Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic Cell by Nanofluid Cooling
Authors: Salem Hassan , Mina Ehab , Abdelmessih Raouf , Mekhail Tarek 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The cooling fluid is a key factor in cooling photovoltaic (PV) panels especially in the case of concentrated irradiance. Maintaining the panel at low temperature increases its efficiency. This article investigates the usage of water-Al2O3 as a nanofluid for achieving the required cooling process. The particle concentrations and sizes are investigated to record their effect on heat transfer and pressure drop in the developing and developed regions. The research was performed using ansys cfd software with two different approaches: the single phase with average properties and the discrete phase with the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework. Both approaches are compared to experimental results found in the literature. Both approaches show good agreement with the experimental results, with some advantage for the single-phase model in both processing time and predicting heat transfer in the concentration range of 1–6% by volume. It was shown that the heat transfer coefficient is greatly enhanced by increasing the particle concentration or decreasing the particle size. Conversely, the usage of nanofluid causes a severe increase in the pumping power, especially with the increase in concentration and the reduction in particle size. Thus, a system optimization was suggested to raise the overall system efficiency for photovoltaic applications.
Five-Axis Trajectory Generation Considering Synchronization and Nonlinear Interpolation Errors
Authors: Ward Robert A. , Sencer Burak , Jones Bryn , Ozturk Erdem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel real-time interpolation technique for five-axis machine tools to attain higher speed and accuracy. To realize computationally efficient real-time interpolation of 6-DOF tool motion, a joint workpiece–machine coordinate system interpolation scheme is proposed. Cartesian motion of the tool center point (TCP) is interpolated in the workpiece coordinate system (WCS), whereas tool orientation is interpolated in the machine coordinate system (MCS) based on the finite impulse response filtering. Such an approach provides several advantages: (i) it eliminates the need for complex real-time spherical interpolation techniques, (ii) facilitates efficient use of slower rotary drive kinematics to compensate for the dynamic mismatch between Cartesian and rotary axes and achieve higher tool acceleration, and (iii) mitigates feed fluctuations while interpolating near kinematic singularities. To take advantage of such benefits and realize accurate joint WCS–MCS interpolation scheme, tool orientation interpolation errors are analyzed. A novel approach is developed to adaptively discretize long linear tool moves and confine interpolation errors within user set tolerances. Synchronization errors between TCP and tool orientation are also characterized, and peak synchronization error level is determined to guide the interpolation parameter selection. Finally, blending errors during non-stop continuous interpolation of linear toolpaths are modeled and confined. Advantages of the proposed interpolation scheme are demonstrated through simulation studies and validated experimentally. Overall, proposed technique can improve cycle times up to 10% while providing smooth and accurate non-stop real-time interpolation of tool motion in five-axis machining.
Image Analysis of Particle Flow in Centrifugal Solar Particle Receiver
Authors: Hicdurmaz Serdar , Buck Reiner , Hoffschmidt Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Particle solar receivers promise economical and operational advantages compared to the molten salt-based solar receivers. In this study, an experiment is designed to observe the particle flow characteristics in the Centrifugal Particle Solar Receiver. A set of experiments for various receiver rotational speeds and particle mass flowrates is conducted, and experimentally obtained raw results are post-processed by means of an Image Processing Routine based on 4BestEstimate algorithm. The axial advance of the particles in one receiver rotation, the particle film thickness, and the ratio of the length of the stationary zone to the receiver circumference is measured to be later used in the validation study of the discrete element method-based numerical model.
The Contact Mechanics for Indentation of Single Asperity and Rough Surfaces
Authors: Sun Zhaoning , Li Xiaohai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A finite element analysis of a rigid sphere contact with a deformable elastic–plastic plat called indentation model is studied. The numerical results are applied on the rough surfaces contact of the Greenwood-Williamson (G-W) model. A series of the relationships of the rough surfaces contact parameters are obtained. The contact parameters of the indentation model and the flattening model are compared in detail, and the reasons for their differences are analyzed. In the case of single asperity contact, for ω/ωc &gt; 1, the indentation model reaches the initial plastic yield while the flattening model is ω/ωc=1. In ω/ωc=10, the plastic yield reaches the contact surface for the first time, and the corresponding point of the flattening model is relatively earlier in ω/ωc=6. The contact parameters of the rough surface in different plasticity indexes are compared again. On the point of ψ = 0.5, the contact parameters of the flattening model and the indentation model coincide perfectly. For 0.5 &lt; ψ &lt; 4, the difference between the parameters curves become larger and larger. To the point of ψ = 4, when the distance difference reaches the maximum, it begins to decrease until the two curves are close to coincide again. The dimensionless elastic–plastic contact hardness is introduced. The relation between the real contact area and the contact pressure of the indentation model can be acquired quickly. The results show that the geometric shape of deformable contact parts has an important effect on the contact parameters, especially for the extension of the plastic deformation region within a specific range of plasticity index.
Tectonostratigraphy and major structures of the Georgian Greater Caucasus: Implications for structural architecture, along-strike continuity, and orogen evolution
Authors: Trexler Charles C. , Cowgill Eric , Niemi Nathan A. , Vasey Dylan A. , Godoladze Tea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the Greater Caucasus Mountains have played a central role in absorbing late Cenozoic convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, the orogenic architecture and the ways in which it accommodates modern shortening remain debated. Here, we addressed this problem using geologic mapping along two transects across the southern half of the western Greater Caucasus to reveal a suite of regionally coherent stratigraphic packages that are juxtaposed across a series of thrust faults, which we call the North Georgia fault system. From south to north within this system, stratigraphically repeated ~5–10-km-thick thrust sheets show systematically increasing bedding dip angles (&lt;30° in the south to subvertical in the core of the range). Likewise, exhumation depth increases toward the core of the range, based on low-temperature thermochronologic data and metamorphic grade of exposed rocks. In contrast, active shortening in the modern system is accommodated, at least in part, by thrust faults along the southern margin of the orogen. Facilitated by the North Georgia fault system, the western Greater Caucasus Mountains broadly behave as an in-sequence, southward-propagating imbricate thrust fan, with older faults within the range progressively abandoned and new structures forming to accommodate shortening as the thrust propagates southward. We suggest that the single-fault-centric “Main Caucasus thrust” paradigm is no longer appropriate, as it is a system of faults, the North Georgia fault system, that dominates the architecture of the western Greater Caucasus Mountains.
Geochemical indications for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals in terrestrial sediments of the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Reinhardt Lutz , von Gosen Werner , Lückge Andreas , Blumenberg Martin , Galloway Jennifer M. , West Christopher K. , Sudermann Markus , Dolezych Martina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the late Paleocene to early Eocene, clastic fluvial sediments and coals were deposited in northern high latitudes as part of the Margaret Formation at Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada). Syn-sedimentary tectonic movements of the Eurekan deformation continuously affected these terrestrial sediments. Different volcanic ash layers occur, and unconformities subdivide the deposits into four sedimentary units. Rare vertebrate fossils indicate an early Eocene (Graybullian) age for the upper part of the Stenkul Fiord outcrop.Here, we present carbon isotope data of bulk coal, related organic-rich mud and siltstones, a plant leaf wax-derived alkane, and additional plant remains. These data provide a complete carbon isotope record of one stratigraphic section with defined unconformity positions and in relation to other Eurekan deformation features. A previously dated ash layer MA-1 provided a U-Pb zircon age of 53.7 Ma and is used as a stratigraphic tie point, together with a discrete negative carbon isotope excursion found above MA-1 in a closely sampled coal seam. The excursion is identified as the likely expression of the I-1 hyperthermal event.Based on our isotope data that reflect the early Eocene dynamics of the carbon cycle, this tie point, and previous paleontological constraints from vertebrate fossils, the locations of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals and their extent along the complete section are herein identified. Within the intervals of the PETM and ETM-2 hyperthermal events, increasing amounts of clastic sediments reached the site toward the respective end of the event. This is interpreted as a response of the fluvial depositional system to an intensified hydrological system during the hyperthermal events. Our study establishes an enhanced stratigraphic framework allowing for the calculation of average sedimentation rates of different intervals and considerations on the completeness of the stratigraphic record.As one of the few high-latitude outcrops of early Eocene terrestrial sediments, the Stenkul Fiord location offers further possibilities to study the effects of extreme warming events in the Paleogene.
Proximal hamstring tendon avulsions: comparable clinical outcomes of operative and non-operative treatment at 1-year follow-up using a shared decision-making model
Authors: van der Made Anne D , Peters Rolf W , Verheul Claire , Smithuis Frank F , Reurink Gustaaf , Moen Maarten H , Tol Johannes L , Kerkhoffs Gino M M J 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate 1-year clinical and radiological outcomes after operative and non-operative treatment of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions.MethodsPatients with an MRI-confirmed proximal hamstring tendon avulsion were included. Operative or non-operative treatment was selected by a shared decision-making process. The primary outcome was the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) score. Secondary outcome scores were Proximal Hamstring Injury Questionnaire, EQ-5D-3L, Tegner Activity Scale, return to sports, hamstring flexibility, isometric hamstring strength and MRI findings including proximal continuity.ResultsTwenty-six operative and 33 non-operative patients with a median age of 51 (IQR: 37–57) and 49 (IQR: 45–56) years were included. Median time between injury and initial visit was 12 (IQR 6–19) days for operative and 21 (IQR 12–48) days for non-operative patients (p=0.004). Baseline PHAT scores were significantly lower in the operative group (32±16 vs 45±17, p=0.003). There was no difference in mean PHAT score between groups at 1 year follow-up (80±19 vs 80±17, p=0.97). Mean PHAT score improved by 47 (95% CI 39 to 55, p<0.001) after operative and 34 (95% CI 27 to 41, p<0.001) after non-operative treatment. There were no relevant differences in secondary clinical outcome measures. Proximal continuity on MRI was present in 20 (95%, 1 recurrence) operative and 14 (52%, no recurrences) non-operative patients (p=0.008).ConclusionIn a shared decision-making model of care, both operative and non-operative treatment of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions resulted in comparable clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up. Operative patients had lower pretreatment PHAT scores but improved substantially to reach comparable PHAT scores as non-operative patients. We recommend using this shared decision model of care until evidence-based indications in favour of either treatment option are available from high-level clinical trials.