bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Investigations to Estimate Phosphorus Re-dissolution Rates in Trace Levels of Selected Topsoils and River Sediments
Authors: Hellmann Steffen , Kießling Günter , Leiterer Matthias , Schindewolf Marcus , Orme Alice May , von Tümpling Wolf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic phosphorus (P) input from fertilised and unfertilised topsoils into surface water and re-dissolution from sediments can be key drivers of eutrophication. This study aimed to (1) analyse the P input processes into streams/rivers particularly via erosion from fertilised and unfertilised fields and (2) study the effectiveness of the riparian strip in reducing P emissions from diffuse sources. For the investigation, Cambisol-Tschernosem and Luvisol samples from Loess were taken from Thuringian test fields (Germany). Three laboratory simulations were designed to analyse P re-dissolution and leaching behaviour from topsoils and sediments and further extrapolated to a realistic scenario based on the P input path into receiving waters via erosion. Organic bonded phosphorus and orthophosphate were leached out at the beginning. Upscaling to a realistic scenario showed that the main source of P in receiving waters was leaching from sediment interstitial sites (57.5%) via percolation while the P re-dissolution via diffusion (13%), due to two heavy rain events (17%), and leaching from soil interstitial sites (12.5%) only played a minor role. The risk of eutrophication exceeded the threshold total P of 0.10 mg L-1 given as an orientation value by the Federal/State water consortium (LAWA). This was observed in percolates from all sandy soils (0.17–0.85 mg L-1), only slightly in the clayey soils (≤ 0.11 mg L-1) but not in either streambed sediment (≤ 0.08 mg L-1). However, local differences such as steeper slope, different soil compositions such as higher sand and lower clay percentages, and poorer buffering due to lower lime and aluminium content were identified as reasons for a higher risk of eutrophication.
The dilemma for China’s national carbon trading market: minimizing carbon abatement costs or maximizing net social benefits?
Authors: Hu Yunyi , Yin Haitao , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter a decade of planning and trials, China officially launched a national carbon trading in July 2021. Using a standard economic model, this study shows that an unconstrained carbon trading market would face a dilemma between minimizing pollution control costs and maximizing social benefits. We further show that this would be a significant challenge in China. Our results show that areas with higher population densities also would have higher costs for carbon reduction, and hence the polluters in those areas would be net buyers in the national market. Moreover, our analysis indicates a significantly high correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and other local pollutants. Therefore, cross-regional transactions may result in more emission of other pollutants in areas with higher population density under the unconstrained national cap-and-trade system and cause larger losses in social benefits. We call for more studies to address the issue.
Bilateral Tensions, the Trade War, and US–China Trade Relations
Authors: Zeng Ka , Wells Rob , Gu Jingping , Wilkins Austin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article constructs a measure of geopolitical and economic tensions in US–China relations based on the sentiment expressed in major US news media and utilizes it to analyze the impact of bilateral tensions on US imports from China between 2002 and 2019. Our results suggest that bilateral tensions have had a negative effect on US imports. Additional analyses of the impact of bilateral tensions for industries with varying levels of supply chain linkages to China suggest that, contrary to expectations, they have more disproportionately affected industries highly integrated with the Chinese market. This pattern continues to hold during the trade war period. Not only were bilateral tensions associated with higher tariffs for industries with high levels of global value chain linkages to China, but the tariff hikes have also had a more sustained impact on such industries. Overall, our findings indicate that potential “sunk costs” considerations may not have been strong enough to forestall the downward trend in bilateral trade relations under both routine diplomacy and trade war conditions.
Joint ergodicity of fractional powers of primes
Authors: Frantzikinakis Nikos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We establish the mean convergence for multiple ergodic averages with iterates given by distinct fractional powers of primes and related multiple recurrence results. A consequence of our main result is that every set of integers with positive upper density contains patterns of the form

$\{m,m+[p_n^a], m+[p_n^b]\}$

, where

$a,b$

are positive nonintegers and

$p_n$

denotes the nth prime, a property that fails if a or b is a natural number. Our approach is based on a recent criterion for joint ergodicity of collections of sequences, and the bulk of the proof is devoted to obtaining good seminorm estimates for the related multiple ergodic averages. The input needed from number theory are upper bounds for the number of prime k-tuples that follow from elementary sieve theory estimates and equidistribution results of fractional powers of primes in the circle.
Subduction-accretion complex with boninitic ophiolite slices and Triassic limestone seamounts: Ankara Mélange, central Anatolia
Authors: Okay Aral I , Altıner Demir , Danelian Taniel , Topuz Gültekin , Özcan Ercan , Kylander-Clark Andrew RC 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOphiolitic mélanges in Anatolia represent Mesozoic subduction-accretion complexes, which are unusually poor in land-derived coarse-clastic rocks. A segment of the ophiolitic mélange in the Beynam region south of Ankara was studied. The ophiolitic mélange consists of three accretionary units (AUs), which are distinguished by lithology, structure, age and geochemistry. At the base there is a serpentinite mélange, which is overlain by a semi-intact Upper Jurassic ophiolite with boninite geochemistry. The topmost AU consists of ocean-island-like alkali basalts with seamount-derived Triassic shallow-marine limestones and Jurassic radiolarian cherts, which are stratigraphically overlain by Upper Cretaceous fore-arc turbidites. The base of the fore-arc sequence is palaeontologically and isotopically dated to the early to middle Campanian (c. 81 Ma). Detrital zircons from the fore-arc sequence indicate a Late Cretaceous (87–81 Ma) magmatic arc as a source. The formation of the subduction-accretion complex was a two-stage process. The first stage took place during the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous, when supra-subduction type oceanic crust was generated, and subduction accretion was intra-oceanic. In the second stage during the Late Cretaceous the subduction jumped inboard, creating an Andean-type convergent margin, and the Jurassic oceanic crust was incorporated in the subduction-accretion complex. The lack of land-derived sandstones in the ophiolitic mélange can be attributed to the intra-oceanic subduction and to the limestone deposition in the upper plate during the main phase of subduction accretion in the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous.
Wer spricht? Die Redeeinleitungen im Thomasevangelium
Authors: Witetschek Stephan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Gospel of Thomas (GThom) is a collection of sayings, most of which come with the stereotypical introduction ‘Jesus said: …’ The GThom thus looks like a loose collection of disparate material. However, several sayings in the collection are introduced by ‘He said: …’, thus omitting explicit reference to Jesus as the speaker. This points to greater (narrative) coherence: when the speaker's name is missing in a logion, the logion depends on the surrounding context and ceases to be a self-contained unit. This article views the GThom as a sayings collection on the way to becoming a literary composition titled ‘The Gospel according to Thomas’.
Design and performance analysis of a novel class of SMA-driven rotational mechanisms/joints
Authors: Zhou Haiqin , Cao Shunze , Ma Nan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rotational joint plays a vital role in the industrial and civil areas, which is typically utilized to achieve the relative rotation between the adjacent parts. Generally, structuring a conventional rotational joint involves the bulk actuators (e.g., motor and hydraulic cylinders) and complex structures, bringing difficulty for miniaturing the dimension. In this paper, a class of novel rotational mechanisms, which were constructed by the combination of compliant mechanisms (e.g., cartwheel pivot and multileaf pivot) and intelligent actuator (e.g., shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and spring), was proposed to reduce the complexity of the conventional rotational joints. As the case study, a novel SMA wire-driven flexural rotational mechanism (SDFRM), which is constructed by the cartwheel pivot and SMA wire, was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of combining the compliant mechanism and smart actuator. After establishing the static model of the cartwheel pivot and the thermal effect model of the SMA wire, the overall model of SDFRM was developed for the comprehensive performance analysis and the control system design. After that, the model validation and experiments were performed with the proposed prototype and control system. It can be seen from the experimental results that the proposed model can be validated within the error of 3.8%. In addition, the performance study on SDFRM indicates that the prototyped SDFRM system can track the given trajectories within the error of 0.2 mm in the workspace. As a result, the proposed concept was demonstrated as an effective way to reduce the dimension and weight of the conventional rotational joint.
Hypergraphs without non-trivial intersecting subgraphs
Authors: Liu Xizhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA hypergraph
$\mathcal{F}$
is non-trivial intersecting if every pair of edges in it have a nonempty intersection, but no vertex is contained in all edges of
$\mathcal{F}$
. Mubayi and Verstraëte showed that for every
$k \ge d+1 \ge 3$
and
$n \ge (d+1)k/d$
every
$k$
-graph
$\mathcal{H}$
on
$n$
vertices without a non-trivial intersecting subgraph of size
$d+1$
contains at most
$\binom{n-1}{k-1}$
edges. They conjectured that the same conclusion holds for all
$d \ge k \ge 4$
and sufficiently large
$n$
. We confirm their conjecture by proving a stronger statement.They also conjectured that for
$m \ge 4$
and sufficiently large
$n$
the maximum size of a
$3$
-graph on
$n$
vertices without a non-trivial intersecting subgraph of size
$3m+1$
is achieved by certain Steiner triple systems. We give a construction with more edges showing that their conjecture is not true in general.
Glyphosate decreases bovine oocyte quality by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: E Zhiqiang , Zhao Yuhan , Sun Jingyu , Zhang Xiaomeng , Jin Qingguo , Gao Qingshan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGlyphosate is a universal herbicide with genital toxicity, but the effect of glyphosate on oocytes has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glyphosate (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mM) on bovine oocytein vitromaturation. We showed that 50 mM glyphosate adversely affects the development of bovine oocytes. Exposure of oocytes to 50 mM glyphosate caused an abnormal reduction in oxidative (redox) levels compared with that in the control group, with a significantly higher reactive oxide species level (P <0.05) and significantly lower glutathione (GSH) expression (P <0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (SOD1,SOD2,SIRT2,SIRT3) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were significantly reduced (P <0.05). Furthermore, treatment with 50 mM glyphosate-induced apoptosis, and the mRNA levels of the apoptotic genesCaspase-3andCaspase-4were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05); however, the mRNA level ofBAXwas significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). Additionally, the mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic genesSurvivinandBCL-XLwere significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05), and oocyte quality was adversely affected. Together, our results confirmed that glyphosate impairs the quality of oocytes by promoting abnormal oocyte redox levels and apoptosis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on prevalence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) and virulence genes in feces, hides, and carcasses of pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide
Authors: Dewsbury Diana M. A. , Cernicchiaro Natalia , Sanderson Michael W. , Dixon Andrea L. , Ekong Pius S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to summarize peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and concentration of non-O157 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) serogroups and virulence genes (stx and eae) in fecal, hide, and carcass samples in pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide, using a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses.Data synthesisSeventy articles were eligible for meta-analysis inclusion; data from 65 articles were subjected to random-effects meta-analysis models to yield fecal prevalence estimates. Meta-regression models were built to explore variables contributing to the between-study heterogeneity.ResultsWorldwide pooled non-O157 serogroup, STEC, and EHEC fecal prevalence estimates (95% confidence interval) were 4.7% (3.4–6.3%), 0.7% (0.5–0.8%), and 1.0% (0.8–1.1%), respectively. Fecal prevalence estimates significantly differed by geographic region (P < 0.01) for each outcome classification. Meta-regression analyses identified region, cattle type, and specimen type as factors that contribute to heterogeneity for worldwide fecal prevalence estimates.ConclusionsThe prevalence of these global foodborne pathogens in the cattle reservoir is widespread and highly variable by region. The scarcity of prevalence and concentration data for hide and carcass matrices identifies a large data gap in the literature as these are the closest proxies for potential beef contamination at harvest.
The livestock farming digital transformation: implementation of new and emerging technologies using artificial intelligence
Authors: Fuentes Sigfredo , Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Tongson Eden , Dunshea Frank R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLivestock welfare assessment helps monitor animal health status to maintain productivity, identify injuries and stress, and avoid deterioration. It has also become an important marketing strategy since it increases consumer pressure for a more humane transformation in animal treatment. Common visual welfare practices by professionals and veterinarians may be subjective and cost-prohibitive, requiring trained personnel. Recent advances in remote sensing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence (AI) have helped developing new and emerging technologies for livestock biometrics to extract key physiological parameters associated with animal welfare. This review discusses the livestock farming digital transformation by describing (i) biometric techniques for health and welfare assessment, (ii) livestock identification for traceability and (iii) machine and deep learning application in livestock to address complex problems. This review also includes a critical assessment of these topics and research done so far, proposing future steps for the deployment of AI models in commercial farms. Most studies focused on model development without applications or deployment for the industry. Furthermore, reported biometric methods, accuracy, and machine learning approaches presented some inconsistencies that hinder validation. Therefore, it is required to develop more efficient, non-contact and reliable methods based on AI to assess livestock health, welfare, and productivity.
“A Wanderer's Tale”: The development of a virtual reality application for pain and quality of life in Australian burns and oncology patients
Authors: Desselle Mathilde R. , Holland Lucy R. , McKittrick Andrea , Kennedy Glen , Yates Patsy , Brown Jason 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to co-design and conduct a pilot evaluation of a novel, immersive virtual reality (VR) experience for procedural pain and anxiety in an Australian healthcare setting. The secondary objective was to identify key parameters that can facilitate the development and implementation of VR experiences in clinical practice.MethodA qualitative, Design Box method was selected for co-design. It was used with adult burns survivors and adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, and healthcare professionals from these fields to identify the practical and design parameters required for the application of VR technology within the clinical setting. Results informed the development of the VR experience that was evaluated by consumers and healthcare professionals, who completed qualitative surveys. Thematic analysis was conducted on co-design notes and survey data.ResultsProcedural pain and management was a challenge for both cohorts, but particularly the burns cohort. Anxiety was significant challenge for both cohorts. Boredom and quality of life was a significant challenge, particularly for the AYA oncology cohort. These results informed the development of “A Wanderers Tale,” an Australiana-themed, gaze-controlled VR application for Oculus Quest platforms. Thematic analysis results suggest that cultural preferences, procedural contexts of use, and agency through customization and interaction are three parameters to consider when creating or selecting VR experiences for application in health.Significance of resultsThis work describes a novel method for the use VR as an adjuvant pain management tool in patients with burns and cancer. The VR experience may provide a culturally, practice and procedure-appropriate tool in comparable settings of care. The study also describes interdisciplinary co-design and evaluation approaches that can help maximize the use of VR to improve healthcare approaches that address clinical challenges in pain, anxiety, and quality of life for patients while in hospital.
The Potential Impact of a Clean Energy Society on Air Quality
Authors: Sanyal Swarnali , Wuebbles Donald J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emissions from fossil fuel use not only affect climate but also affects air pollution both directly (emitting primary particles) and indirectly (emitting precursors for formation of ozone [O3] and particulates). Effects on ozone and particulates (especially PM2.5) are of major concern because of their adverse health effects on human and other life on Earth. Although alternative energy use is increasing, the impacts are not yet large enough to reduce the poor air quality resulting from extensive use of fossil fuels and resulting emissions in much of the world. A more definite energy transformation is needed to reduce these health impacts. Here, we examine the possibility of a midcentury future, where, because of its influence on climate, fossil fuel use has been extensively reduced in much of the world, and replaced by nonpolluting forms of energy. Analyses of the clean energy future globally and in five regions across the world, including 29 megacities, show that air quality with respect to ozone and particulate pollution improves significantly. When compared to the high‐emission future under the clean energy scenario, population weighted ozone, and particulate matter exposure are reduced by >40% and 50%, respectively. The number air quality noncompliance events, defined by exceedance days and air quality index (AQI), improved considerably under the clean energy scenario. Annually, exceedance days are reduced to 0.7% ± 1.7% for ozone pollution and 7.4% ± 17.8% for particulate pollution under the clean energy scenario. AQI always stayed above the “very unhealthy category” and are improved significantly for the “unhealthy category” in all regions. Overall major hotspots experienced significantly cleaner air under the clean energy scenario, emphasizing the significance of transforming energy production, and moving away from conventional use of fossil fuels, on air quality and human health.
Interferometric Study of Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities in Regions of Phase Scintillations and HF Backscatter
Authors: Spicher Andres , LaBelle James , Bonnell John W. , Roglans Roger , Moser Chrystal , Fuselier Stephen A. , Bounds Scott , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Di Mare Francesca , Feltman Connor A. , Jin Yaqi , Kletzing Craig , Miloch Wojciech J. , Moen Jøran I. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Sawyer Rhyan , Takahashi Toru , Yeoman Tim K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the nature of small‐scale irregularities observed in the cusp by the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 (TRICE‐2) in regions of enhanced phase scintillations and high‐frequency coherent radar backscatter. We take advantage of the fact that the irregularities were detected by spatially separated probes, and present an interferometric analysis of both the observed electron density and electric field fluctuations. We provide evidence that fluctuations spanning a few decameters to about a meter have low phase velocity in the plasma reference frame and are nondispersive, confirming that decameter‐scale irregularities follow the E × B velocity. Furthermore, we show that these “spatial” structures are intermittent and prominent outside of regions with strongest precipitation. The observations are then discussed in the context of possible mechanisms for irregularity creation.
PINNup: Robust Neural Network Wavefield Solutions Using Frequency Upscaling and Neuron Splitting
Authors: Huang Xinquan , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeismic wave‐equation based methods, for example, full waveform inversion, are currently used to illuminate the interior of Earth. Solving for the frequency‐domain scattered wavefield via physics‐informed neural network (PINN) has great potential in increasing the flexibility and reducing the computational cost of seismic modeling and inversion. However, when dealing with high‐frequency wavefields using PINN, its accuracy and training cost limit its application. Thus, we propose a novel implementation of PINN using frequency upscaling and neuron splitting, which allows the neural network model to grow in size as we increase the frequency while leveraging the information from the pre‐trained model for lower‐frequency wavefields, resulting in fast convergence to highly accurate wavefield solutions. Numerical results show that, compared to the commonly used PINN with random initialization, the proposed PINN exhibits notable superiority in terms of convergence and accuracy and can achieve neuron based high‐frequency wavefield solutions with a shallow model.