bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report on Mucormycotic Osteomyelitis of Maxilla
Authors: Nasare Paras R. , Teltumde Archana 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The upper jaw is formed by the maxilla, one of the basic bones of the face. It is a crucial viscerocranium structure that aids in the creation of the palate, nose, and orbit. The upper teeth are held in place by the alveolar process of the maxilla, which is vital for mastication and speaking. Because of its substantial vascular supply, maxillary necrosis is uncommon compared to mandible necrosis [1]. Maxillary necrosis can be caused by bacterial infections like osteomyelitis, viral infections like herpes zoster, or fungal infections like mucormycosis, as well as trauma, radiation, and other factors [2]. Long-term use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, on the other hand, may result in an opportunistic infection. Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that mostly affects immunocompromised persons. These fungi are widespread in many people, although the symptoms have been linked to a weakened immune system. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening illness that frequently affects immunocompromised individuals due to diabetic ketoacidosis, neutropenia, organ transplantation, and elevated blood iron levels.
Clinical Findings: The patient have a complaint of discomfort in the upper left side of the jaw was rapid in start, dull hurting, intermittent in character, and worse on mastication. A radiating headache on the left side is also a complaint.
Diagnostic Evaluation: CRP - 12.48 m/ L, Calcium 8.1 mg/dl, KFT-Ser (urea – 29 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.4 mg/dl, Sodium 138 mmol/L, Potassium -4.3 mmol/L, Albumin 2.6 g/dl,) Urine exam routine Pus cells 1-2 cells, urine albumin nil, Crystal 3-4 calcium oxalate Crystal, 2D echo was done on dated 31/5/21, MRI was done, Cardiac call was done.
Therapeutic Intervention: If not recognised and treated early, fungal osteomyelitis is more invasive than bacterial osteomyelitis. Treatment is given to the patient as a follow-up.
Debridement of necrotic tissue on a local level. Antibiotics - Tab Augmentine 625 mg, Tab paracetamols 500 mg, Inj T. T 0.5 ml in a single dosage, Antifungal treatment, and Betadine gargle twice a day.
Conclusion: On 04/06/2021, a 58-year-old male was hospitalised to AVBR Hospital's Oral Surgery Ward 35 after being diagnosed with Mucormycotic Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla. The patient is being counselled on how to proceed with his treatment.
Atherogenic Plasma Index Levels of Colon Cancer Patients after Chemotherapy
Authors: Gundogdu Utku Donem , Çoban Funda Karabag 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Despite newly developed treatment modalities, colorectal cancer is still the leading cause of cancer deaths. In recent years, studies have been carried out to suggest that lipid metabolism may play a role in cancer development and metastasis.
Methods: Lipid metabolism both in conventional chemotherapy. It has also been found that it plays a central role in resistance to targeted therapies. In our study, we planned to compare the atherogenic plasma index levels of patients diagnosed with colon cancer before chemotherapy and in the month of chemotherapy.
Results and Conclusions: Evaluating the effect on the atherogenic plasma index after chemotherapy, we thought that lipid-regulating treatments would contribute to both cancer development and disease control.
Emoxipine Modulates Concentration-Dependent Effects of Cytarabine and Cyclocytidine on Activation of Human T Cells
Authors: Nizheharodava Darya B. , Kvasyuk Eugenii I. , Zafranskaya Marina M. , Sysa Aliaksei G. , Zhukovets Tatyna N. , Lemiasheuski Viktar O. 
Published: January 2022

Title: Emoxipine modulates concentration-dependent effects of cytarabine and cyclocytidine on activation of human T cells.
Introduction: Both cytarabine and cyclocytidine are used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Well known that cytarabine and other related cytosine-based nucleoside analogues are being toxic to tumor cells by increasing levels of cellular oxidative stress as it could be abrogated by antioxidants. However, very little is known both about both the effects of combinations of antimetabolites with antioxidants on the cytotoxic innate and adaptive immune cells and whether lymphocytes toxicity affects its anticancer efficiency.
Aim: To estimate effects of cytarabine and cyclocytidine with emoxipine on in vitro activated human T cells at concentrations reached during in vivo treatment with high doses, conventional doses and low doses.
Materials and Methods: T cells derived from blood donors were activated in vitro in cell culture medium alone or supplemented with cytarabine 0.1-10.0 μM or cyclocytidine 0.1-10.0 μM. Cell characteristics were assessed by flow cytometry.
Results: Only cytarabine 1.0-10.0 μM had both antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Additionally, these cytarabine concentrations increased the γIFN-producing by CD3+CD4+ T cells and did not affect the release of this cytokine by CD3+CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the lowest concentration (0.1 μM) did not have or showed minor antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects, did not alter the release of γIFN. Cyclocytidine did not affect viability of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells but decreased the proliferative capacity of activated normal T cells in dose-dependent manner. Additionally, cyclocytidine altered the percentage of γIFN-producing proliferative CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells for any concentration tested (0.1, 1.0, 1 and 10.0 μM) meanwhile highly suppressed the number of the whole amount of CD3+CD8+ cells and did not affect the release of cytokines by CD3+CD4+ T cells.
The study of the expression of the CD107a marker showed a significant stimulating effect of 10 µm of citarabine on the activation of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+).
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Rishikesan M. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Stevia rebaudiana is a shrub-like plant that belongs to the sunflower family and is commonly referred as stevia.It is 1000 times sweeter than sugar even at a very low concentration. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme that generates oxygen species and catalyzes the production of uric acid from purine metabolism.Overproduction of uric acid results in a clinical condition called gout. The aim of this study is to explore the phytochemicals, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of methanolic leaf extract of stevia rebaudiana.
Methods: Methanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana was prepared by the Hot Percolation method. Phytochemical screening was done to analyse the presence of various phytochemicals. The leaf extract was tested for its antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potentials. The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: It was observed that the methanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana has significant antioxidant potential (Ic50 of = 310 μg/ml) as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitory potentials(Ic50 of = 270 μg/ml) and the activity increased in a dose dependent manner as compared to that of standard (Vitamin C and Allopurinol respectively).
Conclusion: The study proves the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory efficacy of Stevia rebaudiana and throws light on the prospects of drug formation against oxidant activity and gout formation.
Impact of Glyphosate Exposure on Glycogen Metabolic Enzymes in the Liver of Adult Male Rats
Authors: Prakasam N. Vishal , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide and desiccant. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases resulting due to deficiency in insulin secretion. Chronic hyperglycemia will lead to long term damage and failure of different organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves etc. Liver is the major site for gluconeogenesis and a lot of glycolytic enzymes will be involved. Expression of Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase, the glycolytic enzymes are studied in this research.
Aim: To determine whether glyphosate exposure is detrimental to the glycogen metabolic enzymes (Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase) in the liver of adult male rats.
Materials and Methods: The following study was done on albino rats of wistar strain, and was approved by the institutional animal ethics committee. They were fed with a rat pellet diet. In our study the rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats in each and were subjected to glyphosate orally with different dosage in each group and mRNA expression analysis of glycogen related enzymes was done after a span of 16 weeks. The data were analyzed statistically by a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the group. The results with p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The present result showed that the mRNA expression of glycogen synthase significantly reduced (P<0.05) and mRNA expression of glycogen phosphorylase activity increased significantly with an increased dose of glyphosate (P<0.05) to that of control.
Conclusion: Exposure to glyphosate causes detrimental changes in the glycolytic enzymes glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase leading to diabetes.
Harnessing Bifunctional Ferritin with Kartogenin Loading for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Capture and Enhancing Chondrogenesis in Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Ren En , Chen Haimin , Qin Zainen , Guan Siwen , Jiang Lai , Pang Xin , He Yi , Zhang Yang , Gao Xing , Chu Chengchao , Zheng Li , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethods that leverage bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and stimulating factor kartogenin (KGN) for chondrocyte differentiation have paved the way for cartilage repair. However, the scarce carriers for efficiently bridging the two components significantly impede their further application. Therefore, one kind of bifunctional ferritin has designed and synthesized: RC‐Fn, a genetically engineered ferritin nanocage with RGD peptide and WYRGRL peptide on the surface. The RGD can target the integrin αvβ3 of BMSCs and promote proliferation, and the WYRGRL peptide has an inherent affinity for the cartilage matrix component of collagen II protein. RC‐Fn nanocages have an ideal size for penetrating the proteoglycan network of cartilage. Thus, intra‐articularly injected RC‐Fn with KGN loading can convert the articular cavity from a barrier into a reservoir to prevent rapid release and clearance of KGN and exogenous BMSCs, which results in efficient and persistent chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration.
Novel Oligomer Enables Green Solvent Processed 17.5% Ternary Organic Solar Cells: Synergistic Energy Loss Reduction and Morphology Fine‐Tuning
Authors: Xia Hao , Zhang Ying , Deng Wanyuan , Liu Kuan , Xia Xinxin , Su Chun‐Jen , Jeng U‐Ser , Zhang Miao , Huang Jiaming , Huang Jingwei , Yan Cenqi , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Weiguo , Li Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe large non‐radiative recombination is the main factor that limits state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two novel structurally similar oligomers (named 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT) with D‐A‐D‐A‐D and A‐D‐A‐D‐A configuration are synthesized for high‐performance ternary OSCs with low energy loss. As third components, these PM6 analogue oligomers effectively suppress the non‐radiative recombination in OSCs. Although the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT are higher than that of PM6, the oligomers enabled ultra‐high electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of 0.05% and improved VOC, indicating suppressing non‐radiative recombination overweighs the common belief of deeper HOMO requirement in third component selection. Moreover, the different compatibility of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT with PM6 and BTP‐BO4Cl fine‐tunes the active layer morphology with synergistic effects. The ternary devices based on PM6:5BDTBDD:BTPBO4Cl and PM6:5BDDBDT:BTP‐BO4Cl achieve a significantly improved PCEs of 17.54% and 17.32%, representing the state‐of‐the art OSCs processed by green solvent of o‐xylene. The strategy using novel oligomer as third component also has very wide composition tolerance in ternary OSCs. This is the first work that demonstrates novel structurally compatible D‐A type oligomers are effective third components, and provides new understanding of synergetic energy loss mechanisms towards high performance OSCs.
Emerging Long‐Range Order from a Freeform Disordered Metasurface
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , He Qiong , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Li Ling , Sang Di , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Renyan , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, disordered metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in imaging, holography, and wavefront shaping. However, how to emerge long‐range ordered phase distribution in disordered metasurfaces remains an outstanding problem. Here, a general framework is proposed to generate a spatially homogeneous in‐plane phase distribution from a disordered metasurface, by engineering disorder parameters together with topology optimization. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, an all‐dielectric disordered supercell metasurface with relatively homogeneous in‐plane phase fluctuation is designed by disorder parameter engineering, manifesting as polarization conversion‐dependent random scattering or unidirectional transmission. Then, a topology optimization approach is utilized to overcome the lattice coupling effect and to further improve the homogeneity of complex electric field fluctuation. In comparison with the initial supercell metasurface, both the phase fluctuation range and the relative efficiency of the topology‐optimized freeform metasurface are significantly improved, leading to a long‐range ordered electric field distribution. Moreover, three experimental realizations are performed, all of which agree well with the theoretical results. This methodology may inspire more exotic optical phenomena and find more promising applications in disordered metasurfaces and disordered optics.
Controllable Polarization‐Insensitive and Large‐Angle Beam Switching with Phase‐Change Metasurfaces
Authors: Nemati Arash , Yuan Guanghui , Deng Jie , Huang Aihong , Wang Weide , Toh Yeow Teck , Teng Jinghua , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency compact non‐mechanical beam tuning devices has attracted a lot of attention for light detection and ranging, augmented reality display, and chip‐to‐chip communication. Owing to the fast wavefront manipulation in an ultra‐thin dimension, metasurfaces have been regarded as potential substitutes for traditional tunable optical components toward further miniaturization and low power consumption. However, most beam tuning metasurfaces currently are polarization‐sensitive and designed to work in reflection mode, which limit their applications in integrated optical systems for full‐range steering. In this paper, a transmission mode polarization‐insensitive beam switching metasurface based on nonvolatile phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at the telecommunication wavelength. The high transmission efficiency with a large switching angle of up to 75° is achievable for potentially full‐range beam steering applications. As a proof of concept, the transmitted beam with a switching angle of 15° and directivity of 82.4% is demonstrated. In addition, by controlling the phase transition in the intermediate states, the metasurface can be used as a tunable beam splitter to control the ratio of the beam power between two predesigned transmission angles. The demonstrated phase‐change metasurfaces pave the way for achieving high‐efficiency dynamic beam steering for various important applications.
Programmable Coloration and Patterning on Reconfigurable Chiral Photonic Paper
Authors: Cui Shuzhen , Qin Lang , Liu Xiaojun , Yu Yanlei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResponsive photonic crystals are widely employed to construct rewritable paper, where patterns are written and erased repeatedly via color switching. The working principle mainly lies in the changes on the lattice constant of periodic structures, which, however, restricts the localized color tuning of the recorded patterns and thus limits multicolor information transfer. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to write, erase, and importantly to tune the colors by developing unique light‐driven cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that possess self‐organized helical superstructures with two structural elements of pitch lengths (lattice constant) and helical axes (reconfiguration). Reconfiguration of the helical axes provides two high‐contrast optical states for writing and erasing by pressure and electricity, whereas precise photocontrol of the pitch lengths contributes to localized color tuning. These features primarily capitalize on the light‐driven CLC with diverse photostationary colors, which is induced by a newly designed binary chiral system and confined in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. Distinct multicolor patterns are mechanically written, optically tuned, and electrically erased on the rewritable photonic paper in a programmable manner. Such photonic paper has potential to record, program, and remember optically addressed images in visualized color information and user‐interactive display technologies.
Exploiting Molecular Dynamics in Composite Coatings to Design Robust Super‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Guo Rui , Goudeli Eirini , Xu Wanjun , Richardson Joseph J. , Xu Weijian , Pan Shuaijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFluorinated motifs are promising for the engineering of repellent coatings, however, a fundamental understanding of how to effectively bind these motifs to various substrates is required to improve their stability in different use scenarios. Herein, the binding of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) using a cyanoacrylate glue (binder) is computationally and experimentally evaluated. The composite POSS–binder coatings display ultralow surface energy (≈10 mJ m−2), while still having large surface adhesions to substrates (300–400 nN), highlighting that super‐repellent coatings (contact angles >150°) can be readily generated with this composite approach. Importantly, the coatings show super‐repellency to both corrosive liquids (e.g., 98 wt% H2SO4) and ultralow surface tension liquids (e.g., alcohols), with ultralow roll‐off angles (<5°), and tunable resistance to liquid penetration. Additionally, these coatings demonstrate the potential in effective cargo loading and robust self‐cleaning properties, where experimental datasets are correlated with both relevant theoretical predictions and systematic all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of the repellent coatings. This work not only holds promise for chemical shielding, heat transfer, and liquid manipulations but offers a facile yet robust pathway for engineering advanced coatings by effectively combining components for their mutually desired properties.
The diagnostic utility of exome‐based carrier screening in families with a positive family history
Authors: Kotecha Udhaya Hardik , Mistri Mehul , Rayabarapu Pranavchand , Shah Parth , Shah Nidhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentification of disease‐causing variants in families with a history of a suspected recessive disorder is essential for appropriate counseling and reproductive decision making. The present case series depicts the utility of whole exome‐based phenotypes‐driven carrier analysis in 14 families with a positive family history. A phenotype‐based analysis revealed a putative diagnostic yield of 71.4%. Proband sample, though insufficient, was available in only one family, which allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed. In the remaining nine families, despite the detection of heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, only a putative diagnosis was possible due to incomplete proband phenotyping as well as nonavailability of proband samples. We describe the youngest known patient homozygous for a likely pathogenic variant in PPP1R21. He is currently asymptomatic at 7 days of life and has a simplified gyral pattern on neuroimaging. The case series, though small, captures the challenges in the diagnosis of genetic disorders in low to middle income countries with in‐equitable health care access. It reinforces the significance of detailed phenotyping in the proband as well as the importance of DNA storage for a conclusive diagnosis. A recurring post‐test counseling challenge was risk ascertainment and reproductive decision making in subsequent pregnancies if the detected pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are co‐inherited, in families with a putative diagnosis. When opted for, prenatal testing in such a scenario would be limited in its ability to comment on the fetal status with respect to the disorder in the proband.
Congenital heart defects associated with pathogenic variants in WAC gene: Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of DeSanto–Shinawi syndrome
Authors: Quental Rita , Gonçalves Daniel , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Serrano Gonçalves Edite , Oliveira Jorge , Parente Freixo João , Leão Miguel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWAC‐related intellectual disability, also known as DeSanto–Shinawi syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in WAC gene. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features, including deep‐set eyes, flat nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, and synophrys. Chromosomal deletions at 10p12p11 encompassing WAC gene have been described in patients with a similar phenotype, presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, visual impairments, abnormal behavior, and dysmorphic features. An important clinical difference between the two groups of patients, is that those with large deletions frequently present with congenital cardiac defects, which were rarely reported in patients with pathogenic variants in WAC. The genes underlying heart defects in patients with the deletion have not yet been fully clarified. Here, we describe two unrelated Portuguese patients with de novo pathogenic variants in WAC gene, previously unreported in the literature. Both patients present with microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and facial dysmorphisms. Interestingly, the youngest patient has a severe congenital cardiac malformation, showing that intragenic pathogenic WAC variants can also be associated with heart defects. Therefore, this report expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this rare syndrome and provides deeper insights by comparing the clinical features of our patients with previously reported cases.