bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Securities class actions and conditional conservatism: Evidence from two legal events
Authors: Chen Xiaomeng , Lu Meiting , Shan Yaowen , Zhang Yizhou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use two US court rulings as exogenous shocks to firms' litigation environment and examine the changes in conservative financial reporting following these court decisions. The Silicon Graphics ruling in 1999 imposed a heightened pleading standard and discouraged the filing of shareholder lawsuits against firms with headquarters in the Ninth Circuit. The Tellabs ruling in 2007, however, effectively reversed the Silicon Graphics ruling and made it easier to file securities litigation against Ninth Circuit firms. We predict and find that the reduced litigation risk following the Silicon Graphics ruling discourages conservative reporting for Ninth Circuit firms. By contrast, the elevated threat of shareholder lawsuits following the Tellabs ruling encourages conservative reporting for Ninth Circuit firms relative to non‐Ninth Circuit firms. The disciplining effect of the threat of shareholder lawsuits on conservatism is stronger for firms facing higher ex ante litigation risk. The litigation‐risk‐induced increase (decrease) in reporting conservatism leads to higher (lower) firm valuations.
Endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary lateral incisor with type II dens invaginatus in an orthodontic patient: A case report
Authors: Yeap Chee Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a case report of an immature maxillary lateral incisor with type II dens invaginatus, with a periapical lesion. The tooth was treated with MTA apical barrier followed by root filling with thermoplasticised GP and restoration with resin composite. Three‐year radiographic follow‐up showed healing of the apical lesion and normal clinical parameters.
A systematic review of frailty education programs for health care professionals
Authors: Warren Nicola , Gordon Emily , Pearson Ella , Siskind Dan , Hilmer Sarah N. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Hanjani Leila Shafiee , Young Adrienne M. , Reid Natasha , Hubbard Ruth E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and examine the reported effectiveness of education programs for health professionals on frailty.MethodsA systematic review was conducted of articles published up to June 2021, examining the evaluation of frailty training or education programs targeting health professionals/students. The participant demographics, program content and structure, effectiveness assessment methodology and outcomes, as well as participant feedback, were recorded with narrative synthesis of results.ResultsThere were nine programs that have evaluated training of health professionals in frailty. These programs varied with respect to intensity, duration, and delivery modality, and targeted a range of health professionals and students. The programs were well‐received and found to be effective in increasing frailty knowledge and self‐perceived competence in frailty assessment. Common features of successful programs included having multidisciplinary participants, delivering a clinically tailored program and using flexible teaching modalities. Of note, many programs assessed self‐perceived efficacy rather than objective changes in patient outcomes.ConclusionsDespite increasing attention on frailty in clinical practice, this systematic review found that there continues to be limited reporting of frailty training programs.
Left subclavian artery as an alternative site for left ventricular assist device outflow graft in challenging situations
Authors: Maiani Massimo , Lechiancole Andrea , Piani Daniela , Silvestri Alice , Vendramin Igor , Sponga Sandro , Benedetti Giovanni , Ortis Helena , Frigatti Paolo , Livi Ugolino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) has emerged as an effective surgical therapy for end‐stage heart failure. In an attempt to reduce invasiveness and avoid difficult sternal re‐entries, alternative surgical approaches have been adopted. In particular, when the thoracic aorta is severely diseased or difficult to expose, subclavian arteries could serve as site for outflow graft anastomosis. However, major concerns regarding the utilization of subclavian arteries are the small caliber of these vessels that could lead to inadequate LVAD flow, arm complications related to excessive blood flow, and possible outflow graft compression. In the present case series, we describe an innovative technique for LVAD implantation, in which the left subclavian artery was employed as an outflow graft anastomosis site, and the left ventricular apex was approached through a mini‐thoracotomy. Technical issues were considered to prevent possible complications: the adequacy of left subclavian artery diameter, the banding of the artery distal to the anastomosis site to limit left arm overflow, and the outflow graft covering with a reinforced vascular graft to avoid any external compression. During follow‐up, the technique reported was found to be effective in ensuring good LVAD function and flow, and no complications related to the procedure were reported.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia patients at diagnosis and resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy display exhausted T‐cell phenotype
Authors: Harrington Patrick , Dillon Richard , Radia Deepti , McLornan Donal , Woodley Claire , Asirvatham Susan , Raj Kavita , Curto‐Garcia Natalia , Saunders Jamie , Kordasti Shahram , Harrison Claire , de Lavallade Hugues 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe search for novel targets in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is ongoing, to improve treatment efficacy in refractory disease and increase eligibility for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation. Increased frequency of Tregs and effector Tregs was evident at diagnosis, together with increased expression of T‐cell exhaustion markers, including in regulatory T cells at diagnosis and in patients with refractory disease. Plasma analysis revealed significantly increased levels of cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐a and interleukin (IL)‐6 at diagnosis, in keeping with a pro‐inflammatory state prior to treatment. We hence demonstrate T‐cell exhaustion and a pro‐inflammatory state at diagnosis in CML, likely secondary to leukaemia‐associated antigenic overload associated with increased disease burden.
Attenuation of Piwil2 induced by hypoxic postconditioning prevents cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting CREB2 promoter methylation
Authors: Zhan Lixuan , Chen Meiyan , Pang Taoyan , Li Xinyu , Long Long , Liang Donghai , Peng Linhui , Sun Weiwen , Xu En 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpigenetic modification contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Piwil2 belongs to the PIWI proteins subfamily and has a key role in the regulation of gene transcription through epigenetics. However, the roles of Piwil2 in cerebral ischemia have not been investigated. In this study, we aim to elucidate the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Piwil2 in ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that the expression of Piwil2 in CA1 was downregulated by HPC after tGCI. Silencing Piwil2 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS‐ODN) in CA1 after tGCI decreased the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins and exerted neuroprotective effects. Opposite results were observed after overexpression of Piwil2 induced by administration of Piwil2‐carried lentivirus. Furthermore, we revealed differentially expressed Piwil2‐interacting piRNAs in CA1 between HPC and tGCI groups by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Moreover, downregulating Piwil2 induced by HPC or AS‐ODN after tGCI caused a marked reduction of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), which in turn abolished the tGCI‐induced increase in the DNA methylation of cyclic AMP response element‐binding 2 (CREB2), thus increasing mRNA and protein of CREB2. Finally, downregulating Piwil2 restored dendritic complexity and length, prevented the loss of dentritic spines, thereby improving cognitive function after tGCI. These data firstly reveal that Piwil2 plays an important part in HPC‐mediated neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia through epigenetic regulation of CREB2.
The role of managerial ownership in dividend tunneling: Evidence from China
Authors: Bian Huan , Kuo Jing‐Ming , Pan Hui , Zhang Zhuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe examine the role of corporate executives in dividend tunneling activity by controlling shareholders and whether the correlation between executive ownership and dividend tunneling is influenced by internal and external governance mechanisms.Research Findings/InsightsWe find increased executive ownership may lead to a higher level of dividend tunneling. This is further strengthened by our finding that the positive effect of executive ownership on dividend tunneling is more pronounced for firms with weaker minority shareholder protection. In addition, our results show that higher degrees of state ownership may further intensify this positive association. Finally, we find that analyst coverage has a moderating effect and constrains the collusion between controlling shareholders and executives in dividend tunneling activity.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study contributes to the literature on the role of managerial ownership in controlling shareholders' dividend tunneling activity. We fill a gap in the literature on the corporate agency problem by providing evidence that dividends have been employed by controlling shareholders as a means of tunneling and that executives with higher ownership are more likely to collude with controlling shareholders in dividend tunneling activities.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study contributes to the debates around the promotion of the cash dividend policy in China, as our findings show that cash dividends are used as a tunneling vehicle. Providing important evidence to regulators, our findings support the argument that external monitoring by financial analysts can effectively constrain dividend tunneling by dominant shareholders, especially in the context of emerging stock markets with high ownership concentration, weak minority shareholder protection, and an underdeveloped legal system.
Paediatric epilepsy and cognition
Authors: Auvin Stéphane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCognitive comorbidities are more frequent in children with epilepsy than in the general population. The cognitive function of children with epilepsy should be appropriately screened, and when there is an impairment, it must be diagnosed and managed. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of this comorbidity. The underlying aetiology and epilepsy syndrome are the major risk factors. Other factors also play a role, such as seizure recurrence, antiseizure medication, and interictal abnormalities. Recent evidence also suggested that cognitive involvement is an ongoing process that interacts with the normal maturation of cognitive function in children with epilepsy. Furthermore, some patients experience rapid cognitive deterioration related to epileptic activity, resulting in epileptic encephalopathy. Further research is needed to better understand how to prevent or modify factors that affect cognitive function in children with epilepsy.What this paper adds

Cognitive comorbidities are more frequent in children with epilepsy than in the general population.
The risk factors for cognitive impairment are the underlying aetiology/syndrome, seizure recurrence, antiseizure medication, and interictal abnormalities.
Advanced genetic and neuroimaging studies are useful tools to better understand cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy.
Re‐examining the widespread policy of stopping sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors during acute illness: A perspective based on the updated evidence
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Aroda Vanita R. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Bozkurt Biykem , Buse John B. , Heerspink Hiddo L. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Marx Nikolaus , McMurray John J. V. , Solomon Scott D. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are now seen as an integral part of therapy in type 2 diabetes to control not only blood glucose but to improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an uncommon but serious complication of type 2 diabetes, which has a high case fatality rate. The absolute risk of DKA in large, prospective randomized clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors has been low, although the relative risk is higher in those assigned to SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo. In those without diabetes but prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure or chronic kidney disease, the risk of DKA is similar to placebo. Over the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic, cases of DKA have also been reported in cases of COVID‐19 hospitalizations. Consensus guidelines have recommended that SGLT2 inhibitors should be avoided in cases of serious illness and suggest they are not recommended for routine in‐hospital use. However, recent data suggest potential beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in the setting of acute illness with COVID‐19 with no increase in adverse events and low rates of DKA, which were non‐severe. Given the low rates of DKA in cardiovascular outcome trials and in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, the potential for SGLT2 inhibitors not being re‐initiated following discharge and their cardiovascular and kidney benefits, we believe the practice of routine ‘sick day’ guidance should be re‐examined based on current evidence with a call for further research in this area. Furthermore, high‐quality trials of initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in people admitted to hospital with cardiovascular disease or kidney disease, and trials of continuation of SGLT2 inhibitors in people, with careful monitoring of DKA should be conducted. These should be further supplemented with large observational studies.
Predicting incident heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: TheDM‐CURErisk score
Authors: Lin Yilu , Shao Hui , Shi Lizheng , Anderson Amanda H. , Fonseca Vivian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimEarly identification and prediction of incident heart failure (HF) is important because of severe morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to predict onset of HF among patients with diabetes.MethodsA time‐varying Cox model was derived from ACCORD clinical trial to predict the risk of incident HF, defined by hospitalization for HF (HHF). External validation was performed on patient‐level data from the Harmony Outcome trial and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. The model was transformed into an integer‐based scoring algorithm for 10‐year risk evaluation. A stepwise algorithm identified and selected predictors from demographic characteristics, physical examination, laboratory results, medical history, medication and health care utilization, to develop a risk prediction model. The main outcome was incident HF, defined by HHF. The C statistic and Brier score were used to assess model performance.ResultsIn total, 9649 patients with diabetes free of HF were used, with median follow‐up of 4 years and 299 incident hospitalization of HF events. The model identified several predictors for the 10‐year HF incidence risk score ‘DM‐CURE’: socio‐Demographic [education, age at type 2 diabetes (T2DM) diagnosis], Metabolic (glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, high‐density lipoproteins), diabetes‐related Complications (myocardial infarction, revascularization, cardiovascular medications, neuropathy, hypertension duration, albuminuria, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, End Stage Kidney Disease), and health care Utilization (all‐cause hospitalization, emergency room visits) for Risk Evaluation. Among them, the strongest impact factors for future HF were age at T2DM diagnosis, health care utilization and cardiovascular disease‐related variables. The model showed good discrimination (C statistic: 0.838, 95% CI: 0.821‐0.855) and calibration (Brier score: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.006‐0.007) in the ACCORD data and good performance in the validation data (Harmony: C statistic: 0.881, 95% CI: 0.863‐0.899; CRIC: C statistic: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.794‐0.833). The 10‐year risk of incident HF increased in a graded fashion, from ≤1% in quintile 1 (score ≤14), 1%‐5% in quintile 2 (score 15‐23), 5%‐10% in quintile 3 (score 24‐27), 10%‐20% in quintile 4 (score 28‐33) and ≥20% in quintile 5 (score >33).ConclusionsThe DM‐CURE model and score were useful for population risk stratification of incident HHF among patients with T2DM and can be easily applied in clinical practice.
COVID‐19 and plasma cells: Is there long‐lived protection?*
Authors: Nguyen Doan C. , Lamothe Pedro A. , Woodruff Matthew C. , Saini Ankur S. , Faliti Caterina E. , Sanz Ignacio , Lee Frances Eun‐Hyung 
Published: July 2022

SummaryInfection with SARS‐CoV‐2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long‐lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long‐lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early‐minted blood antibody‐secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and immunization.
Surgical site wound infection, and other postoperative problems after coronary artery bypass grafting in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Jinglin , Wang Huijuan , Liu Xiuhua , Song Xinghui , Zhong Xiaoning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on surgical site wound infection, and other postoperative problems after coronary artery bypass grafting. A systematic literature search up to April 2022 was performed and 37 444 subjects with coronary artery bypass grafting at the baseline of the studies; 4320 of them were with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 33 124 were without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on surgical site wound infection, and other postoperative problems after coronary artery bypass grafting using the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects had a significantly higher surgical site wound infection (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.60,P = 0.04), respiratory failure (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.55‐2.18,P < 0.001), mortality (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.37‐1.89,P < 0.001), pneumonia (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.97‐2.68,P < 0.001), pleural effusion (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.83,P = 0.02), stroke (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.17‐3.36,P = 0.01), and length of intensive care unit stay (MD, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.19‐1.26,P = 0.008) after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with subjects without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects did not show any significant difference in length of hospital stay (MD, 0.83; 95% CI, −0.01 to 1.67,P = 0.05), and pneumothorax (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.98‐2.59,P = 0.06) after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with subjects without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects had a significantly higher surgical site wound infection, respiratory failure, mortality, pneumonia, pleural effusion, stroke, and length of intensive care unit stay, and no significant difference in length of hospital stay, and pneumothorax after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with subjects without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of 1 out of 11 studies in the meta‐analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Assessment of humoral immune response to two mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer) in healthcare workers fully vaccinated with and without a history of previous infection
Authors: Serrano Laura , Algarate Sonia , Herrero-Cortina Beatriz , Bueno Jessica , González-Barriga María T. , Ducons María , Montero-Marco Jesica , Acha Beatriz , Taboada Ana , Sanz-Burillo Pilar , Yuste Cristina , Benito Rafael ,   RIPOVAC Study Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Presence of anti-S1 region of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was analysed, at two and eight months, in 477 immunocompetent healthcare workers in Zaragoza, Spain, vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer).

Methods and results
Antibody analysis was performed with Alinity i System (Abbott). At 2 months, 100% of vaccinated had anti-S1 IgG (mean = 13,285 AU ml−1). This value was significantly higher with Moderna (18,192 AU ml−1) than with Pfizer (10,441 AU ml−1). The mean value of anti-S1 IgG after vaccination was significantly higher in patients with than without previous infection (18,539 vs. 7919 AU ml−1); in both groups was significantly higher with Moderna than with Pfizer (21,881 vs. 15,733 AU ml−1 and 11,949 vs. 6387 AU ml−1), respectively. At 8 months, 100% of patients were IgG positive, with higher levels with Moderna than with Pfizer. Nevertheless, in ensemble of cases, a mean decrease of antibody levels of 11,025 AU ml−1 was observed.

Conclusion
At 2 and 8 months after vaccination, IgG response persists with both vaccines but with important decrease which suggests the need for revaccination.

Significance and impact of study
The study contributes to know the immune status after vaccination with two of more used anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This knowledge is important for establishing the best vaccination strategy
Anti-microbial efficacy, mechanisms and druggability evaluation of the natural flavonoids
Authors: Lin Hongyan , Hu Jiabao , Mei Feng , Zhang Yahan , Ma Yudi , Chen Qingqing , Wang Changyi , Fu Jiangyan , Yang Minkai , Wen Zhongling , Wang Xiaoming , Qi Jinliang , Han Hongwei , Yang Rongwu , Yang Yonghua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study was conducted to evaluate 35 natural flavonoids for their in vitro susceptibility against E. coli (ATCC 25922), Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), B. subtilis (ATCC 530) and Staph. aureus (ATCC 6538) in search of a potential broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Methods and Results
Glabridin, a natural isoflavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., was identified to be highly active with a MIC of 8–16 μg ml−1 against Staph. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli. By the results of the docking simulation, we located the potential targets of glabridin as DNA gyrase and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The subsequent DNA gyrase inhibition assays (glabridin: IC50 = 0.8516 μmol L−1, ciprofloxacin: IC50 = 0.04697 μmol L−1), DHFR inhibition assays (glabridin: inhibition ratio = 29%, methotrexate: inhibition ratio = 45% under 100 μmol L−1 treatment) and TUNEL confirmed that glabridin acted as DNA gyrase inhibitor and DHFR mild inhibitor, exerting bactericidal activity by blocking bacterial nucleic acid synthesis. CCK-8 and in silico calculations were also conducted to verify the low cytotoxicity and acceptable druggability of glabridin.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that glabridin represents the prototypical member of an exciting structural class of natural antimicrobial agents.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study reports a novel mechanism of bactericidal activity of glabridin against Staph. aureus.