bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of an antiseptic rinse (NanArgol) for the oral hygiene maintenance of subjects with fixed appliances: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Latuta Nadezda , Corbella Stefano , Taschieri Silvio , Diachkova Ekaterina , Tarasenko Svetlana , Oksentyuk Alina , Trifonova Daria , Admakin Oleg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of periodontal diseases development increased in patients with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the use of adjunctive rinses with nano‐Argentum to standard oral hygiene regimen in subjects wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.Materials and MethodsEighty patients were observed for 1 year. They were divided in two groups: in test group patients were instructed to rinse with non‐ionic colloidal silver solution according to protocol for 6 months as an adjunct to standard; in control group the patients followed the standard oral hygiene regimen. Index of efficiency of oral hygiene (PHPm), community periodontal index (CPI) and papillary‐marginal‐alveolar index (PMA) were evaluated before treatment and after 1 and 6 months. For statistics analysis, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis tests and Pearson criterion were used.ResultsBaseline hygiene levels in two groups had no differences. Oral hygiene indices were significantly lower in the test group in comparison with control after 1 month (PHPm = 0.38 ± 0.18 and 1.19 ± 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01; PMA = 11.78 ± 8.5 and 47.25 ± 20.9, respectively, p < 0.05; CPI = 0.65 ± 0.53 and 1.53 ± 0.77, respectively, p < 0.01) and 6 months (PHPm = 0.5 ± 0.2 and 1.2 ± 0.4, respectively, p < 0.01; PMA = 11.62 ± 19.6 and 66.33 ± 27.9, respectively, p < 0.01; CPI = 0.63 ± 0.73 and 1.68 ± 0.78, respectively, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe use of the test solution as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene provided a significant beneficial effect in terms of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Fabrication and properties of SiCnw‐reinforced SiC composites by reactive melt infiltration with BN and PyC interface
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Liu Dongxu , Yang Jiahao , Hou Hongchen , Li Haolin , Chen Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo tailor the fiber–matrix interface of SiC nanowires‐reinforced SiC (SiCnw/SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for improved mechanical properties, SiC nanowires were coated with BN and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) compound coatings prepared by the dip‐coating process in boric acid and urea solution and the pyrolysis of phenolic resin. SiCnw/SiC CMC with PyC/BN interfaces were fabricated by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) at 1680°C for 1 h. The influences of phenolic resin content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the CMC were investigated. The results showed that the flexural strength and fracture toughness reach the maximum values of 294 MPa and 4.74 MPa m1/2 as the phenolic resin content was 16 and 12 wt%, respectively. The displacement–load curve of the sample exhibited a gradient drop with increasing phenolic resin content up to 12 wt%. The results demonstrated that the PyC/BN compound coatings could play the role of protecting the SiCnw from degradation as well as improving the more moderate interfacial bonding strengths during the RMI.
Motivations for engaging in or avoiding conversations about weight: Adolescent and parent perspectives
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Lessard Leah M. , Pudney Ellen V. , Foster Gary D. , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about parent and adolescent motivations for engaging in weight communication.ObjectivesTo assess parent and adolescent motivations for engaging in, or avoiding, weight communication, and whether these reasons differed across sex, race/ethnicity, weight, and engagement in weight management.MethodsIndependent samples of parents (N = 1936) and unrelated adolescents (N = 2032) completed questionnaires assessing their agreement with different reasons they engage in, or avoid, parent‐adolescent weight communication, using 7‐point Likert scales (strongly‐disagree to strongly‐agree).ResultsParents, irrespective of sex, race/ethnicity, and child's weight status, expressed stronger motivations for engaging in weight communication in order for their child to feel good about his/her weight and body size compared to being motivated because a health professional raised their child's weight as a concern. Adolescent motivations for weight communication with parents stemmed from health concerns and worry about their weight; avoidance stemmed from feeling embarrassed, upset, or not wanting to obsess about weight. Differences emerged across sex and race/ethnicity but were most pronounced by weight status and weight management.ConclusionParents and adolescents have different motivations for engaging in or avoiding weight communication. Protecting adolescents' emotional wellbeing and body esteem are viewed as reasons for both engaging in or avoiding weight communication.
Investigating the effects of population density of residence and rural/urban classification on rate of influenza‐like illness symptoms in England and Wales
Authors: Tunnicliffe Louis , Warren‐Gash Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBetter understanding of risk factors for influenza could help improve seasonal and pandemic planning. There is a dearth of literature on area‐level risk factors such as population density and rural/urban living.MethodsWe used data from Flusurvey, an online community‐based cohort that records influenza events. The study outcome was symptoms of influenza‐like illness (ILI). Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to explore associations of both population density and rural/urban status with rate of ILI symptoms and whether these effects differed by vaccination status.ResultsOf the 6177 study participants, the median age was 45 (IQR 32–57), 65.73% were female, and 66% reported at least one episode of ILI symptoms between 2011 and 2016. We found no evidence to suggest that the rate of ILI symptoms was higher in the medium [RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.95–1.09)] or high [RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.96–1.09)] population density group versus the low population density group. This was the same for the effect of urban living [RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–1.03)] versus rural living on symptom rate. There was weak evidence to suggest that the ILI symptom rate was lower in urban areas compared with rural areas among unvaccinated individuals only [RR 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.99)], whereas no difference was seen among vaccinated individuals [1.04 (95% CI 0.94–1.16)].ConclusionsAlthough neither population density nor rural/urban status was associated with ILI symptom rate in this community cohort, future research that incorporates activity and contact patterns will help to elucidate this relationship further.
Clinical efficacy of wet dressing combined with chitosan wound dressing in the treatment of deep second‐degree burn wounds: A prospective, randomised, single‐blind, positive control clinical trial
Authors: Hu Jialin , Lin Yuesen , Cui Chengshuo , Zhang Fangfang , Su Tingting , Guo Kaiyu , Chen Tiannan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of wet dressing combined with chitosan wound dressing for deep II degree burn wounds, and provide the basis for clinical application. From October 2019 to October 2021, 80 patients with second‐degree deep burn treated in the Department of burn and plastic surgery of our hospital were selected as the research objects. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (40n) was treated with wet compress, and the study group (40n) was treated with wet compress combined with chitosan wound dressing. The wound healing time, wound healing percentage and pain score were used as the effectiveness indexes, and the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events and the detection rate of bacterial culture of wound exudates were used as the safety indexes. The efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared. The wound healing time of the study group (19.53 ± 2.74 days) was shorter than that of the control group (24.78 ± 4.86 days), the difference was significant (t = 3.571, P = 0.015). The percentage of wound healing at the 14th after treatment in the study group was higher than that in the control group (65.00% versus 37.50%) (X2 = 6.054, P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in pain scores between the two groups at each time point. The scar growth was observed 3 months after wound healing. The scar score of the study group (6.00 ± 0.98) was lower than that of the control group (8.77 ± 1.19) (t = 2.571, P = 0.031). The positive rate of wound secretion culture on the 7th and 14th day was statistically significant (X2 = 4.528, P = 0.033; X2 = 6.646, P = 0.010), and the study group was lower than the control group (29.03% versus 81.82%; 8.11% versus 42.86%). There was no significant difference in treatment cost between the study group and the control group (1258.7 ± 223.6 versus 1248.9 ± 182.3) (t = 1.571, P = 0.071). No adverse events or serious adverse events occurred in both groups. Chitosan wound dressing can significantly shorten the time of wound healing and reduce wound pain and wound infection in patients with deep second‐degree burns. And it can effectively improve the situation of scar hyperplasia, which is worthy of clinical application.
Er:YAG/Yb:YAG nanopowders‐derived Er/Yb co‐doped yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) fibers fabricated by UV‐curable nanocomposites for 1.5‐µm single‐frequency fiber lasers
Authors: Zheng Baoluo , Qi Fuxin , Yang Jing , li Biao , Liu Jinming , Zhang Xin , Hou Yubin , Zhang Qian , Wang Pu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rare‐earth (RE)‐doped yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) glass fibers have demonstrated their unique advantages in single‐frequency lasers due to their high solubility of RE ions and high gain per unit length. However, the RE‐doped YAS fiber is usually fabricated by RE:YAG crystal or ceramic rods and melting‐in‐tube method, which depend heavily on RE:YAG crystal or ceramic rods and, thus, cannot adjust the fiber compositions effectively; there is little research on the multiple RE ions co‐doped YAS fiber deriving from RE:YAG crystal or ceramic rods. In present work, we developed a novel method to fabricate Er/Yb co‐doped YAS fibers efficiently. The Er:YAG and Yb:YAG nanopowders were fabricated by the coprecipitation method, and then the nanopowders were dispersed into liquid organic resin to form a novel UV‐curable nanocomposite, after curing, debinding, purifying, and drawing process, an Er/Yb co‐doped YAS fibers was fabricated, the absorption coefficients of the fiber was measured to be 17 dB/cm at 976 nm (2F7/2ground level to2F5/2level of Yb and4I15/2ground level to4I11/2level of Er) and 3.2 dB/cm at 1530 nm (4I15/2ground level to the high states of4I13/2of Er). A 1.5‐µm single‐frequency laser was constructed with the 2‐cm Er/Yb co‐doped YAS fiber. The longitudinal mode spacing was calculated to be 2.2 GHz with an effective cavity length of 4.5 cm, and the spectral signal‐to‐noise ratio was higher than 60 dB. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that Er/Yb co‐doped YAS fibers are fabricated using the UV‐curable nanocomposites. It indicates that this proposed technology is critical for the fabrication of various types of RE ions co‐doped YAS fibers and their applications in single‐frequency fiber lasers.
Lipidomic analysis reveals altered lipid profiles of gingival tissues with periodontitis
Authors: Zhou Min , Li Chen , Han Xue , Yu Bohan , Yan Xiang‐zhen , Zhang Yan , Yang Xiao‐juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe role of lipids in periodontitis has not been well studied. Thus, this study aimed to explore periodontitis‐associated lipid profile changes and identify differentially expressed lipid metabolites in gingival tissues.Materials and MethodsGingival tissues from 38 patients with periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 38 periodontally healthy individuals (control group) were collected. A ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based non‐targeted metabolomics platform was used to identify and compare the lipid profiles of the two groups. The distribution and expression of related proteins were subsequently analysed via immunohistochemistry to further validate the identified lipids.ResultsLipid profiles significantly differed between the two groups, and 20 differentially expressed lipid species were identified. Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), diacylglycerols (DGs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) were significantly up‐regulated, while triacylglycerols (TGs) were downregulated in the periodontitis group. Moreover, the staining intensity of ABHD5/CGI‐58, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and sPLA2‐IIA was significantly stronger in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis than in those of healthy controls.ConclusionsLysoPCs, DGs, and PEs were significantly up‐regulated, whereas TGs were down‐regulated in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. Correspondingly, the immunohistochemical staining of ABHD5/CGI‐58, sPLA2, and sPLA2‐IIA in gingival tissues was consistent with the downstream production of lipid classes (lysoPCs, TGs, and DGs).
Improved diagnosis by automated macro‐ and micro‐anatomical region mapping of skin photographs
Authors: Amruthalingam L. , Gottfrois P. , Gonzalez Jimenez A. , Gökduman B. , Kunz M. , Koller T. ,   DERMANATOMY Consortium, Pouly M. , Navarini A.A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe exact location of skin lesions is key in clinical dermatology. On one hand, it supports differential diagnosis (DD) since most skin conditions have specific predilection sites. On the other hand, location matters for dermatosurgical interventions. In practice, lesion evaluation is not well standardized and anatomical descriptions vary or lack altogether. Automated determination of anatomical location could benefit both situations.ObjectiveEstablish an automated method to determine anatomical regions in clinical patient pictures and evaluate the gain in DD performance of a deep learning model (DLM) when trained with lesion locations and images.MethodsRetrospective study based on three datasets: macro‐anatomy for the main body regions with 6000 patient pictures partially labelled by a student, micro‐anatomy for the ear region with 182 pictures labelled by a student and DD with 3347 pictures of 16 diseases determined by dermatologists in clinical settings. For each dataset, a DLM was trained and evaluated on an independent test set. The primary outcome measures were the precision and sensitivity with 95% CI. For DD, we compared the performance of a DLM trained with lesion pictures only with a DLM trained with both pictures and locations.ResultsThe average precision and sensitivity were 85% (CI 84–86), 84% (CI 83–85) for macro‐anatomy, 81% (CI 80–83), 80% (CI 77–83) for micro‐anatomy and 82% (CI 78–85), 81% (CI 77–84) for DD. We observed an improvement in DD performance of 6% (McNemar test P‐value 0.0009) for both average precision and sensitivity when training with both lesion pictures and locations.ConclusionIncluding location can be beneficial for DD DLM performance. The proposed method can generate body region maps from patient pictures and even reach surgery relevant anatomical precision, e.g. the ear region. Our method enables automated search of large clinical databases and make targeted anatomical image retrieval possible.
Definitions of remission in psoriasis: a systematic literature review from the National Psoriasis Foundation
Authors: Balak D.M.W. , Perez‐Chada L.M. , Guo L.N. , Mita C , Armstrong A.W. , Bell S.J. , Gondo G.C. , Liao W. , Merola J.F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsoriasis studies increasingly employ outcomes that indicate complete disease resolution, yet remission and cure are poorly defined for psoriasis. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify definitions of psoriasis remission and cure reported in the literature. Medline, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched on July 22, 2020, for full‐text studies providing definitions for psoriasis remission/cure. Definitions were analysed descriptively for endpoint, time‐frame, on/off treatment, patient‐reported outcomes, and disease domains. We identified 106 studies that provided 41 unique remission definitions. Most definitions included endpoints based on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), such as PASI75 (n = 16 studies), PASI90 (n = 10), PASI100 (n = 10), and PASI of 0 (n = 3), and descriptive endpoints related to ‘skin clearance’ (n = 18). Few definitions specified time‐frame, on/off treatment or other psoriasis‐related disease domains. One small consensus‐initiative defined drug‐free remission for plaque psoriasis by BSA of 0 without any therapy for at least 12 months. While there is no cure for psoriasis, seven studies defined psoriasis cure using similar endpoints to those used to define remission. We identified a variety of definitions of psoriasis remission. These results will inform the development of consensus‐based definitions for psoriasis remission to support efforts to improve research and clinical outcomes.
How to induce ant–plant interactions: Seed baiting to enhance its dispersal as a tool for restoration
Authors: Ortiz Daniela P. , Elizalde Luciana , Pirk Gabriela I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn degraded drylands, direct sowing is one of the most widespread revegetation practices, but its efficiency is low and usually seed enhancement techniques are needed to increase its success. We evaluated how to induce seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory), as this interaction could improve the chances of seed germination and seedling establishment, via seed transport to ants' nests where seeds are protected and the soils enriched. Our objective was to develop seeds with the addition of baits attractive to ants without affecting seed germination. First, we tested the attractiveness of baits of different sizes and ingredients by performing cafeteria experiments in nests of the omnivorous ant Dorymyrmex tener, the most abundant and effective seed disperser ant in the Patagonian steppe. Then, we attached the most preferred baits (small baits containing pate, sugar and clay) to seeds of two native plants species (Acaena splendens and Oenothera odorata) with relevant characteristics for restoration purposes and tested their attractiveness to ants. We used different strategies to attach the bait to the seeds (e.g. encrusted, agglomerate and seeds on the surface) looking for the most attractive and simplest one. We found that only baited seeds were removed and the interaction was induced regardless of the way the bait was attached. Also, germination of seeds with bait was similar to that of seeds without bait in O. odorata, but reduced in A. splendens. We showed that it is possible to encourage ants to transport previously non‐attractive seeds through the design of baits, potentially improving direct sowing efficiency.
Can we use temperature measurements to identify pre‐symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in nursing home residents?
Authors: Elhamamsy Salaheldin , DeVone Frank , Bayer Thomas , Halladay Chris , Cadieux Marilyne , McConeghy Kevin , Rajan Ashna , Sachar Moniyka , Mujahid Nadia , Singh Mriganka , Nanda Aman , McNicoll Lynn , Rudolph James L. , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has had a severe impact on morbidity and mortality among nursing home (NH) residents. Earlier detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 may position us to better mitigate the risk of spread. Both asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic transmission are common in outbreaks, and threshold temperatures, such as 38C, for screening for infection could miss timely detection in the majority of residents. We hypothesized that in long‐term care residents, temperature trends with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could identify infection in pre‐symptomatic individuals earlier than standard screening.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records in 6176 residents of the VA NHs who underwent SARS‐CoV‐2 testing triggered by symptoms. We collected information about age and other demographics, baseline temperature, and specific comorbidities. We created standardized definitions, and a hypothetical model to test measures of temperature variation and compare outcomes to the VA standard of care.ResultsWe showed that a change from baseline of 0.4C identified 47% of NH residents who became SARS‐CoV‐2 positive, earlier than standard testing by an average of 42.2 h. Temperature variability of 0.5C over 3 days when paired with a 37.2C temperature cutoff identified 55% of NH residents who became SARS‐CoV‐2 positive earlier than the standard of care testing by an average of 44.4 h. A change from baseline temperature of 0.4C when combined with temperature variability of 0.7C over 3 days identified 52% of NH residents who became SARS‐CoV‐2 positive, earlier than standard testing by an average of 40 h, and by more than 3 days in 22% of the residents. This earlier detection comes at the expense of triggering 57,793 tests, as compared to the number of trigger tests ordered in the VA system of 40,691.ConclusionsOur model suggests that early temperature trends with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may identify infection in pre‐symptomatic long‐term care residents.
Arabidopsis mitochondrial single‐stranded DNA‐binding proteins SSB1 and SSB2 are essential regulators of mtDNA replication and homologous recombination
Authors: Qian Jie , Zheng Min , Wang Lingyu , Song Yu , Yan Jiawen , Hsu Yi‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTFaithful DNA replication is one of the most essential processes in almost all living organisms. However, the proteins responsible for organellar DNA replication are still largely unknown in plants. Here, we show that the two mitochondrion‐targeted single‐stranded DNA‐binding (SSB) proteins SSB1 and SSB2 directly interact with each other and act as key factors for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, as their single or double loss‐of‐function mutants exhibit severe germination delay and growth retardation. The mtDNA levels in mutants lacking SSB1 and/or SSB2 function were two‐ to four‐fold higher than in the wild‐type (WT), revealing a negative role for SSB1/2 in regulating mtDNA replication. Genetic analysis indicated that SSB1 functions upstream of mitochondrial DNA POLYMERASE IA (POLIA) or POLIB in mtDNA replication, as mutation in either gene restored the high mtDNA copy number of the ssb1‐1 mutant back to WT levels. In addition, SSB1 and SSB2 also participate in mitochondrial genome maintenance by influencing mtDNA homologous recombination (HR). Additional genetic analysis suggested that SSB1 functions upstream of ORGANELLAR SINGLE‐STRANDED DNA‐BINDING PROTEIN1 (OSB1) during mtDNA replication, while SSB1 may act downstream of OSB1 and MUTS HOMOLOG1 for mtDNA HR. Overall, our results yield new insights into the roles of the plant mitochondrion‐targeted SSB proteins and OSB1 in maintaining mtDNA stability via affecting DNA replication and DNA HR.