bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change weakens the impact of disturbance interval on the growth rate of natural populations of Venus flytrap
Authors: Louthan Allison M. , Keighron Melina , Kiekebusch Elsita , Cayton Heather , Terando Adam , Morris William F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisturbances elicit both positive and negative effects on organisms; these effects vary in their strength and their timing. Effects of disturbance interval (i.e., the length of time between disturbances) on population growth will depend on both the timing and strength of positive and negative effects of disturbances. Climate change can modify the relative strengths of these positive and negative effects, leading to altered optimal disturbance intervals (the disturbance interval at which population growth rate is highest) and changes in the sensitivity of population growth rate to disturbance interval. While we know that climate may alter impacts of disturbance in some systems, we have a poor understanding of which effects of disturbance and which vital rates might drive an altered response to disturbance interval in a changing climate. We use demographic monitoring of natural populations of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, that have experienced natural and managed fires, combined with realistic past and future climate projections, to construct climate‐ and fire‐driven integral projection models (IPMs). We use these IPMs to compare the effect of fire return interval (FRI) on population growth rate in past and future climates. To dissect the mechanisms driving FRI response, we then construct IPMs with demographic data from an experimental manipulation of fire effects (ash addition, neighbor removal) and an accidental fire. Our results show that an FRI of 10 years is optimal for D. muscipula in past climate conditions, but a longer FRI (12 years) is optimal in future climate conditions. Further, deviations from optimal FRI reduce population growth rate dramatically in the past climate, but this reduction is muted in a future climate (future minus past sensitivity = 0.006, 95% CI [0.002, 0.011]). Finally, our experimental work suggests that fire effects are driven in part by positive, additive effects of competitor removal and ash addition immediately following a fire; for one population, both these treatments significantly increased population growth rate. Our work suggests that climate change can alter the response of populations to disturbance, highlighting the need to consider the interacting effects of multiple abiotic drivers when projecting future population growth and geographical distributions.
The benefits of the earlier use of sacubitril/valsartan in de novo heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients
Authors: Oh Ji‐Hye , Lee Jae‐Man , Lee Hee‐Jung , Hwang Jongmin , Lee Cheol Hyun , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Chung Jin‐Wook , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang‐Wook , Han Seongwook , Hur Seung‐Ho , Youn Jong‐Chan , Kim In‐Cheol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsWe evaluated the clinical outcomes and trajectory of cardiac reverse remodelling according to the timing of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) use in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsPatients with de novo HFrEF who used Sac/Val between June 2017 and October 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were grouped into the earlier use group (initiation of Sac/Val < 3 months after the first HFrEF diagnosis) and the later use group (initiation of Sac/Val ≥ 3 months after the first HFrEF diagnosis). Primary outcome was a composite of HF hospitalization and cardiac death. Secondary outcomes were HF hospitalization, cardiac death, all‐cause death, significant ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation), and echocardiographic evidence of cardiac reverse remodelling including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change during follow‐up. Among 115 enrolled patients, 67 were classified in the earlier use group, and 48 were classified in the later use group. Mean period of HFrEF diagnosis to Sac/Val use was 52.1 ± 14.3 days in the earlier use group, and 201.8 ± 127.3 days in the later use group. During the median follow‐up of 721 days, primary outcome occurred in 21 patients (18.3%). The earlier use group experienced significantly fewer primary outcome than the later use group (10.4% vs. 29.2%, P = 0.010). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed better event‐free survival in the earlier use group than in the later use group (log rank = 0.017). There were no significant differences in cardiac death, all‐cause death, and ventricular arrhythmia between two groups (1.5% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.811; 1.5% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.375; 3.0% vs. 0%, P = 0.227, respectively). Despite a significantly lower baseline LVEF in the earlier use group (21.3 ± 6.4% vs. 24.8 ± 7.9%, P = 0.012), an early prominent increase of LVEF was noted before 6 months (35.2 ± 11.9% vs. 27.8 ± 8.8%, P = 0.007). A delayed improvement of LVEF in the later use group resulted in similar LVEF at last follow‐up in both groups (40.7 ± 13.4% vs. 39.4 ± 10.9%, P = 0.686). Although the trajectory of left ventricular remodelling showed similar pattern in two groups, left atrial (LA) reverse remodelling was less prominent in the later use group during the follow‐up period (final LA volume index: 43.6 ± 14.3 mL/m2 vs. 55.2 ± 17.1 mL/m2, P = 0.011).ConclusionsEarlier use of Sac/Val was related with better clinical outcome and earlier left ventricular reverse remodelling. Remodelling of LA was less prominent in the later use group implying delayed response in diastolic function.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls
Authors: Verma Naimish K. , Bera Smritilekha , Gonnade Rajesh , Mondal Dhananjoy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed oxidative azide‐olefin cycloaddition (OAOC) reaction of differently substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls with azides provided an efficient method for preparing biologically active 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. In this study, the cycloaddition reaction was found to be a simple and powerful method for constructing diverse mono‐ and bis‐(1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole) functionalized heterocyclic compounds in moderate to high yields with great regioselectivity. The XRD‐analysis data of one of the bis‐triazole derivatives supported the regioselectivity as well as the conformity of the method in the construction of the triazole nucleus. The preliminary antifungal profile against C. albicans was observed with cinnamaldehyde‐based triazole derivatives demonstrating promising results.
Carboxylic Acid f‐MWCNT/Graphite and Safranin O/Graphite Based Voltammetric Sensors for Norfloxacin Detection
Authors: Rani Aishwarya , Pan Shu‐Yuan , Chang Chang‐Tang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA well‐established electrode modifier, i. e., carboxylic acid (CA) functionalized‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNT), and a less explored safranin O (SFO) were fabricated on cuboidal graphite electrodes to develop two different voltammetric sensors for norfloxacin‘s electrochemical detection. The developed CA f‐MWCNT/graphite electrode and SFO/graphite showed a linear range of 3.10×10−7 to 3.13×10−5 M and 2.50×10−8 to 4.06×10−7 M with a limit of detection of 1.60×10−8 and 4.80×10−9 M, respectively. The practical applicability was tested in the spiked hospital wastewater, milk, and orange juice. It showed that the SFO could be a potential modifier for rapid, simple, and sensitive voltammetric detection of norfloxacin.
Actual pseudocapacity for Li ion storage in tunable core‐shell electrode architectures
Authors: Xiong Tuzhi , Gao Yingxia , Huang Peng , Huang Yongchao , Yang Hao , (Jie Tang) Balogun M‐Sadeeq 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUpon evaluating the pseudocapacitance contribution (k1v) of electrode materials, the exact capacity (also termed as actual pseudocapacity, kQ) is usually ignored. However, there is a significant variation between k1v and kQ. Herein, we designed tunable in situ core‐shell electrode materials to examine the variation between the k1v and kQ. Using nickel foam (NF) as the starting material, the internal structure of NF is systematically controlled via in situ strategy to obtain the optimized nickel oxide core–shell architectures (denoted NFNTO). Despite the directly oxidized NF (denoted NFO) exhibits a higher k1v (79.1%) than the NFNTO (47.6%), the kQ of NFNTO is ≈2.3 fold larger than NFO at the highest current density of 8.0 mA cm−2. The higher kQ can be attributed to the integration of titanium that shortens the Li+ diffusion pathway, boosts the diffusion co‐efficient and improves the electronic conductivity towards achieving enhanced ionic transport.image
Large‐scale cooperation in small‐scale foraging societies
Authors: Boyd Robert , Richerson Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present evidence that people in small‐scale mobile hunter‐gatherer societies cooperated in large numbers to produce collective goods. Foragers engaged in large‐scale communal hunts and constructed shared capital facilities; they made shared investments in improving the local environment; and they participated in warfare, formed enduring alliances, and established trading networks. Large‐scale collective action often played a crucial role in subsistence. The provision of public goods involved the cooperation of many individuals, so each person made only a small contribution. This evidence suggests that large‐scale cooperation occurred in the Pleistocene societies that encompass most of human evolutionary history, and therefore it is unlikely that large‐scale cooperation in Holocene food producing societies results from an evolved psychology shaped only in small‐group interactions. Instead, large‐scale human cooperation needs to be explained as an adaptation, likely rooted in distinctive features of human biology, grammatical language, increased cognitive ability, and cumulative cultural adaptation.
Analysis of adaptive mesh refinement in a turbulent buoyant helium plume
Authors: Maragkos Georgios , Funk Elena , Merci Bart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study evaluates OpenFOAM's adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capabilities and accuracy when applied to numerical simulations of turbulent buoyant flows. To this purpose, large eddy simulations of Sandia's turbulent helium plume test case are considered, a scenario with similar characteristics (in terms of air entrainment and vortex shedding) to those encountered in large‐scale fires. Comparison is made of the relative accuracy (in terms of both first and second order statistics), the predicted puffing frequencies and the computing times of numerical simulations using AMR and static meshes. Additionally, a sensitivity study on different AMR parameters is conducted and an evaluation of the performance of the dynamic Smagorinsky model when combined with AMR is made. Overall, the predictions of AMR are very satisfactory, in terms of both accuracy and computing times, compared to the use of static meshes of different sizes. Nevertheless, it is observed that a careful choice of a static mesh can result in equally accurate predictions with comparable, or even smaller, computing times than AMR for the case at hand. Additionally, the use of AMR slightly modified the entrainment characteristics in the near‐field region of the plume and (significantly) altered some of the, dynamically determined, turbulence model parameters.
Interactive effects of the low‐carbohydrate diet score and genetic risk score on Hypo‐HDL‐cholesterolemia among Korean adults: A cross‐sectional analysis from the Ansan and Ansung Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Park SoHyun , Jang Min‐Jae , Park Min Young , Kim Jun‐Mo , Shin Sangah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study investigated the interaction between the genetic risk score (GRS) and abnormal high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lipid levels, which are modified by low‐carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and their effects on the prevalence of hypo‐HDL‐cholesterolemia (hypo‐HDL‐C) in Korean adults. Baseline data were obtained from the Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), conducted from 2001 to 2002, that targeted 8,314 Korean adults aged 40–69 years, including old men (47.6%) and women (52.4%), and whole genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed. We identified 18 SNPs significantly associated with hypo‐HDL‐C in the proximity of several genes, including LPL, APOA5, LIPC, and CETP, and calculated the GRS. The low‐carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) was calculated on the basis of energy intake information from food frequency questionnaires. Furthermore, we performed multivariable‐adjusted logistic modeling to examine the odds ratio (OR) for hypo‐HDL‐C across tertiles of LCDS and GRS, adjusted for several covariates. Among participants in the highest GRS tertile, those in the highest tertile of the LCDS had a significantly lower risk of hypo‐HDL‐C (OR: 0.759, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.625–0.923) than those in the lowest tertile of the LCDS. In the joint effect model, the group with the lowest GRS and highest LCDS was found to have the lowest risk of hypo‐HDL‐C prevalence. This study suggests that individuals with a high genetic risk for low HDL concentrations may have a beneficial effect on a lower intake of carbohydrates.
The effect of preschool attendance on Children's health: Evidence from a lower middle‐income country
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we find that children in Vietnam who were born in December of a given year have better health outcomes than those born in January of the following year. Children born in December are taller, heavier, and less likely to be underweight and suffer from stunted growth than those born in January of the following year, though these two groups of children differ in age by only 1 month. We argue that the effect of being born in December compared to January on children's health is translated through early preschool attendance. In Vietnam, children born in December are more likely to start preschool as well as primary school 1 year earlier than those born in January of the following year. Thus, the health benefit for a child born in December would come from earlier and longer exposure to preschool. Importantly, we find that the positive effect of preschool persists over time as children grow. A possible major reason why preschool attendance improves health is the nutrition provided for children in preschools.
More surgery in December among US patients with commercial insurance is offset by unrelated but lesser surgery among patients with Medicare insurance
Authors: Dexter Franklin , Epstein Richard H. , Diez Christian , Fahy Brenda G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveEvaluate whether there is more surgery (in the US State of Florida) at the end of the year, specifically among patients with commercial insurance.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingThe 712 facilities in Florida that performed inpatient or outpatient elective surgery from January 2010 through December 2019.ResultsAmong patients with commercial insurance, December had more cases than November (1.108 [1.092–1.125]) or January (1.257 [1.229–1.286]). In contrast, among patients with Medicare insurance (traditional or managed care), December had fewer cases than November (ratio 0.917 [99% confidence interval 0.904–0.930]) or January (0.823 [0.807–0.839]) of the same year. Summing among all cases, December did not have more cases than November (ratio 1.003 [0.992–1.014]) or January (0.998 [0.984–1.013]). Comparing December versus November (January) ratios for cases among patients with commercial insurance to the corresponding ratios for cases among patients with Medicare, years with more commercial insurance cases had more Medicare cases (Spearman rank correlation +0.36 [+0.25], both p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn the US State of Florida, although some surgeons' procedural workloads may have seasonal variation if they care mostly for patients with one category of insurance, surgical facilities with patients undergoing many procedures will have less variability. Importantly, more commercial insurance cases were not causing Medicare cases to be postponed or vice‐versa, providing mechanistic explanation for why forecasts of surgical demand can reasonably be treated as the sum of the independent workloads among many surgeons.
Assessment of localized and resuspended 137Cs due to decontamination and demolition in the difficult-to-return zone of Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture
Authors: Taira Yasuyuki , Matsuo Masahiko , Orita Makiko , Matsunaga Hitomi , Takamura Noboru , Hirao Shigekazu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the next step that occurred more than one decade after the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), decontamination and demolition have been carried out in the Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Base (SRRB) of the difficult-to-return zone around the FDNPS. However, the risk of internal exposure among workers due to airborne dust inhalation after building demolition operations has not been sufficiently evaluated. To evaluate the working environment and internal exposure risk due to inhalation in the SRRB of Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture, the cesium-137 (137Cs) radioactivity levels in the airborne dust at building demolition sites were analyzed using gamma spectrometry. The 137Cs radioactivity levels and resuspension factors of the airborne dust at the subject building sites in the difficult-to-return zone remained at high levels compared with those of the control, which was located in the evacuation order-lifted area in Tomioka town. However, the 137Cs radioactivity levels did not increase significantly, despite demolition operations that used heavy machinery. In this case, no substantial increases in accident-derived 137Cs levels due to decontamination and demolition in the SRRB of Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture, were observed in the airborne dust samples, which suggests that the 137Cs radioactivity in the airborne dust is primarily associated with particles that are resuspended by localized winds accompanied by the transfer of construction vehicles as opposed to the decontamination and demolition operations. However, the internal exposure doses due to aspirating airborne dust containing 137Cs were extremely low compared with the estimated annual effective doses of decontamination workers or the limits recommended by the Japanese government. Additionally, countermeasures such as wearing protective masks could help reduce the on-site inhalation of soil-derived radionuclides. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1555–1563. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
No substantial increase in accident-derived 137Cs due to demolition in areas close to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station was observed in the airborne dust. 137Cs radioactivity in the airborne dust is primarily associated with particles resuspended by localized wind accompanied by transfer of construction vehicles.
A disaggregated approach to analysing the effects of globalization and energy consumption on economic growth: New insights from low‐income countries
Authors: Ehigiamusoe Kizito Uyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of globalization and energy consumption on economic growth in 10 low‐income countries during the 1990–2017 period. It also determines the causal relationship between globalization and energy consumption. It disaggregates overall globalization into economic, social, and political dimensions, as well as disaggregates total energy consumption into renewable and non‐renewable energy. It employs the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares, Instrumental Variables approach, and Dumitrescu‐Hurlin Granger non‐causality technique to account for heterogeneity, endogeneity and cross‐sectional dependence. The results show that overall globalization has a positive impact on economic growth in low‐income countries. But when it disaggregates globalization into economic, social and political dimensions, the results reveal that social and political dimensions boost economic growth while economic dimension undermines economic growth. Moreover, the results show that energy consumption is a significant determinant of economic growth. But when it disaggregates energy consumption into renewable and non‐renewable energy, the results reveal that non‐renewable energy consumption has a positive impact on economic growth, while the impact of renewable energy consumption is tenuous. The results also show a unidirectional causality from globalization to energy consumption, suggesting that globalization enhances energy consumption. This study implies that overall globalization and total energy consumption are significant determinants of economic growth, Therefore, efforts to accelerate economic growth should incorporate both globalization and energy consumption in low‐income countries. However, low‐income countries should appraise the dimensions of globalization and energy consumption that are not growth‐enhancing with a view to making them drivers of economic growth.
Assessment of farmers' water and fertilizer practices and perceptions in the North China Plain
Authors: Sun Xiulu , Ritzema Henk , Huang Xiuqiao , Bai Xiaojun , Hellegers Petra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIrrigation and fertilization are vital to increasing crop yield, but their application often exceeds crop requirements. Excessive fertilization under inefficient irrigation depletes the already scarce water resources while contributing to water pollution. To overcome these problems, the introduction of fertigation in combination with modern irrigation technologies has been promoted in the North China Plain (NCP), but farmers have been reluctant to adopt such technologies. To better understand the current situation and farmers' perceptions, we performed a case study in the People's Victory Canal Irrigation District (PVCID) of NCP. A field survey was carried out using a participatory approach, and field monitoring was conducted on a representative farm. We found that farmers are generally satisfied with their irrigation and fertilization practices, although they result in low application efficiency and distribution uniformity. In principle, the lack of knowledge about how to implement fertigation technology, the small‐scale farming conditions, and the high cost of developing advanced fertigation systems are the main obstacles for fertigation adoption. We further conclude that (i) to improve the on‐farm performance in terms of efficiency and uniformity of irrigation and fertilization, evidence‐based guidelines are required to help farmers to implement; (ii) for effective adoption of new technologies, consideration of farmers' situation and perspectives is critical; and (iii) surface fertigation might be a good start for fertigation promotion.