bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming causes variability in SOM decomposition in N‐ and P‐fertiliser‐treated soil in a subtropical coniferous forest
Authors: Tang Yuqian , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Huimin , Meng Shengwang , Yang Fengting , Chen Fusheng , Wang Shaoqiang , Dong Qingxin , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoth temperature and nutrient availability have essential roles in regulating the decomposition of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), the main controls on organic matter accumulation in forest ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information about how N deposition and phosphorus (P) additions might impact soil C and N decomposition rates in subtropical forests under climate warming. We measured soil organic C and N mineralisation rates and corresponding exoenzyme activities in a subtropical forest soil that had received N and/or P additions for six years in experimental conditions at a range of temperatures between 10 and 40°C. Our results showed that soil organic C and N decomposition rates were positively correlated with the activities of their corresponding enzymes, which suggests that the extracellular enzyme activities could be the main influence on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates. N additions had a significant positive effect on soil organic C mineralisation and enhanced oxidase and hydrolase activities. P additions had little effect on soil organic C and N decomposition rates. These results challenge the assumptions that soil microorganisms are N‐rich and P availability restricts organic matter decomposition, and provides additional evidence that N, not P, regulates organic matter decomposition in subtropical forests. While N additions significantly influenced the soil C and N decomposition rates, they had little effect on their sensitivity to temperature. In contrast, P additions had a significant effect on the temperature sensitivities of SOM decomposition and the βG and NAG Vmax. Overall, our results show that SOM decomposition is vulnerable to both N and P additions, and both should be considered when predicting how SOM decomposition and C cycling might change under warming.Highlights
The effect of N and/or P additions on the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition was explored.
N stimulated soil organic C decomposition rates and corresponding enzyme activities.
P promoted the sensitivity of SOM decomposition to temperature changes.
N and P additions could affect the stability of SOM in subtropical forests in the future.
Drug‐associated acquired hemophilia A: an analysis based on 185 cases from the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Konstantinov Konstantin , Dolladille Charles , Gillet Benjamin , Alexandre Joachim , Aouba Achille , Deshayes Samuel , Repesse Yohann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune hemorrhagic disease occurring in several underlying conditions. Drug‐associated AHA (D‐AHA) is poorly addressed nowadays.AimThis work aims to identify and characterize which drugs are associated with AHA using the WHO global database of reported potential effects of medicinal products (VigiBase).MethodsFirst, we realized a disproportionality analysis using the information component (IC) to identify D‐AHA in VigiBase. IC compares observed‐ and expected‐values in order to find associations between drugs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using disproportionate Bayesian reporting. IC025 is the lower end of a 95% credibility interval for the IC. Then, we collected cases of drugs significantly associated with AHA from July 2004 to November 2021.Results14 drugs with IC025 > 0 were identified representing a total of 185 cases. D‐AHA occurred more frequently in men (59%) than women (41%). The median (min–max) age at onset was 75 years (8–98). The median [Q1–Q3] time to onset of D‐AHA from the start of the suspected drug was 30 days [9.5–73.75] and 10% of cases resulted in a fatality. The drugs associated with the highest IC025 (IC025 > 2) were Clopidogrel, Alemtuzumab, Omalizumab. This study retrieved for the first time three usually used drugs (3/14) that exhibit a significant pharmacovigilance signal for D‐AHA.ConclusionThis worldwide pharmaco‐epidemiologic study updates the list of the drugs associated with AHA. The clinician should be aware of these possible severe ADR, which might require larger epidemiological and pathophysiologic studies.
Public contributors' preferences for the organization of remote public involvement meetings in health and social care: A discrete choice experiment study
Authors: Loria‐Rebolledo Luis E. , Watson Verity , Hassan Shaima , Gabbay Mark , Tahir Naheed , Hossain Muhammad , Goodall Mark , Frith Lucy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCovid‐19 expanded the use of remote working to engage with public contributors in health and social care research. These changes have the potential to limit the ability to participate in patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) for some public contributors. It is therefore important to understand public contributors' preferences, so that remote working can be organized in an optimal way to encourage rather than discourage participation.MethodsWe use an economic preference elicitation tool, a discrete choice experiment (DCE), via an online survey, to estimate public contributors’ preferences for and trade‐offs between different features of remote meetings. The features were informed by previous research to include aspects of remote meetings that were relevant to public contributors and amenable to change by PPIE organizers.ResultsWe found that public contributors are more likely to participate in a PPIE project involving remote meetings if they are given feedback about participation; allowed to switch their camera off during meetings and step away if/when needed; were under 2.5 h long; organized during working hours, and are chaired by a moderator who can ensure that everyone contributes. Different combinations of these features can cause estimated project participation to range from 23% to 94%. When planning PPIE and engaging public contributors, we suggest that resources are focused on training moderators and ensuring public contributors receive meeting feedback.Discussion and ConclusionProject resources should be allocated to maximize project participation. We provide recommendations for those who work in public involvement and organize meetings on how resources, such as time and financial support, should be allocated. These are based on the preferences of existing public contributors who have been involved in health and social care research.Patient or Public ContributionWe had a public contributor (Naheed Tahir) as a funded coapplicant on the UKRI ESRC application and involved members of the North West Coast Applied Research Collaboration (NWC ARC) Public Advisor Forum at every stage of the project. The survey design was informed from three focus groups held with NWC ARC public contributors. The survey was further edited and improved based on the results of six one‐to‐one meetings with public contributors.
‘What price do you put on your health?’: Medical cannabis, financial toxicity and patient perspectives on medication access in advanced cancer
Authors: Olson Rebecca E. , Smith Alexandra , Good Phillip , Dudley Morgan , Gurgenci Taylan , Hardy Janet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionFollowing 2016 legislation permitting limited access to cannabis for research and medicinal purposes, the number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis (MC) on symptom burden relief in cancer contexts has increased in Australia. This study aimed to understand the perceptions, hopes and concerns of people with advanced cancer regarding the future availability and regulation of MC in Australia.MethodsThis qualitative study draws on semistructured interviews conducted between February 2019 and October 2020 in Brisbane, Australia, as part of an MC RCT substudy. Interviews were undertaken on 48 patients with advanced cancer in palliative care eligible to participate in an MC trial (n = 26 participated in an RCT;n = 2 participated in a pilot study;n = 20 declined). Interviews included a discussion of patients' decision‐making regarding trial participation, concerns about MC and perceptions of future availability, including cost. Transcribed interviews were analysed inductively and abductively, informed by constructivist thematic analysis conventions.ResultsOverall, participants supported making MC legally accessible as a prescription‐only medication. Fear of financial toxicity, however, compromised this pathway. Steep posttrial costs of accessing MC prompted several people to decline trial participation, and others to predict—if found effective—that many would either access MC through alternative pathways or reduce their prescribed dosage to enable affordable access.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that—despite a relatively robust universal healthcare system—Australians are potentially vulnerable to and fearful of financial toxicity. Prevalent in the United States, financial toxicity occurs when disadvantaged cancer patients access necessary but expensive medications with lasting consequences: bankruptcy, ongoing anxiety and cancer worry. Interview transcripts indicate that financial fears—and the systems sustaining them—may pose a threat to RCT completion and to equitable access to legal MC. Such findings support calls for embedding qualitative substudies and community partnerships within RCTs, while also suggesting the importance of subsidisation to overcoming injustices.Patient or Public ContributionA patient advisory committee informed RCT design. This qualitative substudy foregrounds patients' decision‐making, perceptions and experiences.
Bereaved parents involvement in maternity hospital perinatal death review processes: ‘Nobody even thought to ask us anything’
Authors: Helps Änne , O'Donoghue Keelin , O'Connell Orla , Leitao Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe death of a baby is devastating for parents, families and staff involved. Involving bereaved parents in their baby's care and in the maternity hospital perinatal death review can help parents manage their bereavement and plan for the future. In Ireland, bereaved parents generally have not been involved in this review process. The aim of our study was to assess parents' perception of how they may be appropriately involved in the maternity hospital perinatal death review in ways that benefit them and the review process itself.MethodsBereaved parents (n = 20) in Ireland were invited to take part in semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out on the interview transcripts.ResultsFour main themes were identified based on the participants' views and opinions on how they experienced the review process and how they feel this process may be improved. The themes reflect the journey of the parents through the different stages of the review process: Throughout process; On leaving the hospital; Interaction with the hospital ‘waiting in limbo’; Review itself. Identified subthemes highlighted essential aspects of this process and care provided to parents. For the parents, open, honest communication with staff, as well as having a key hospital contact was essential. Parents wished to provide feedback on their experience and wanted to be included in the review of their baby's death, in a way that was sensitive to their needs and the hospital's schedule.ConclusionA respectful, flexible system that allows bereaved parents' involvement in their baby's perinatal death review and is tailored to their needs is essential. A collaborative process between staff and parents can highlight clinical areas in need of change, enhance lessons learned, improve bereavement services and may prevent future perinatal deaths.Public ContributionBereaved parents were interviewed for this study.
Development of an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Patient‐Reported Experience Measure (PREM): A patient‐led consensus work and ‘think aloud’ study for a quality improvement programme
Authors: Sheldon Elena M. , Lillington George , Simpson Kati , Gibson Kirsty , Chambers Lucy , D'Afflitto Manfredi , Greig Nancy , Stearn Theresa , Hind Daniel , Ainley Rachel , Winsor Gemma , Ridsdale Katie , Totton Nikki , Lobo Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are key in improving healthcare quality, but no PREM exists for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to co‐produce a PREM with IBD service users for IBD service evaluation and quality improvement programme.MethodsA pool of 75 items was drawn from published survey instruments covering interactions with services and aspects of living with IBD. In Stage 1, during two workshops, eight expert service users reduced candidate items through a ranked‐choice voting exercise and suggested further items. During Stage 2, 18 previously uninvolved people with IBD assessed the face and content validity of the candidate items in ‘Think Aloud’ interviews. During two final workshops (Stage 3), the expert service users removed, modified and added items based on the interview findings to produce a final version of the PREM.ResultsStage 1 generated a draft working PREM mapped to the following four domains: Patient‐Centred Care; Quality; Accessibility; Communication and Involvement. The PREM included a set of nine items created by the expert group which shifted the emphasis from ‘self‐management’ to ‘living with IBD’. Stage 2 interviews showed that comprehension of the PREM was very good, although there were concerns about the wording, IBD‐relevance and ambiguity of some items. During the final two workshops in Stage 3, the expert service users removed 7 items, modified 15 items and added seven new ones based on the interview findings, resulting in a 38‐item PREM.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates how extensive service user involvement can inform PREM development.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved as active members of the research team and as research participants to co‐produce and validate a PREM for IBD services. In Stage 1, eight expert service users (‘the expert group’) reduced candidate items for the PREM through a voting exercise and suggested new items. During Stage 2, 18 previously uninvolved people with IBD (the ‘think aloud’ participants) assessed the validity of the candidate items in ‘Think Aloud’ interviews as research participants. In Stage 3, the expert group removed, changed and added items based on the interview findings to produce a final version of the 38‐item PREM. This study shows how service user involvement can meaningfully inform PREM development.
The importance of personal documentation for patients living with long‐term illness symptoms after pituitary surgery: A Constructivist Grounded Theory study
Authors: Heckemann Birgit , Graf Tatjana , Ung Eva Jakobsson , Jakobsson Sofie , Ragnarsson Oskar , Olsson Daniel S. , Blomdahl Christina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite surgical treatment, pituitary adenomas often cause long‐term illness symptoms, that profoundly impact patients' quality of life physically, psychologically and socially. Healthcare professionals often fail to recognize and discuss the ensuing problems. Personal documentation, such as symptom monitoring, reflective writing or even posts on social media, may help this patient group to manage their daily life and support communication of their care needs. Documentation strategies and the role of documentation for people with long‐term symptoms after pituitary adenoma surgery are currently unknown.AimTo examine the effects and strategies of documenting symptoms, activities and physical and emotional well‐being among people living with long‐term pituitary adenoma.MethodsIn this Constructivist Grounded Theory study, 12 individuals living with long‐term illness symptoms after pituitary adenoma surgery described their documentation strategies in in‐depth interviews using teleconferencing and photo‐elicitation between August and October 2020.ResultsStrategies for documentation included analogue and digital media. One core category (Exercising autonomy) and three categories describing processes (Gaining insight, Striving for control and Sharing) emerged from the analysis. These three interrelated processes become an expression of autonomy to manage life and make sense of chronic illness. Personal documentation is a flexible tool that is used more extensively in times of ill health and less in times of relative well‐being. Sharing documentation with healthcare professionals facilitated care planning and sharing with friends and family fostered emotional well‐being.ConclusionPersonal documentation is a valuable resource for managing life after pituitary adenoma surgery. The current findings may be relevant to other chronic illnesses. Further research exploring potential tools for personal documentation is needed.Patient or Public ContributionWe deliberately chose a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach for this interview study. Using Constructivist Grounded Theory, we gave people living with long‐term symptoms a voice, allowing them to freely speak about managing their illness in connection with personal documentation. The theoretical sampling approach enabled us to invite participants that could provide a broad overview of the landscape of personal documentation.
Randomized comparative double‐blind study assessing the difference between topically applied microbiome supporting skincare versus conventional skincare on the facial microbiome in correlation to biophysical skin parameters
Authors: Santamaria Emilia , Åkerström Ulf , Berger‐Picard Nicolas , Lataste Sylvain , Gillbro Johanna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are trillions of live bacteria, of around 1000 different species, living in human skin which are considered essential for the balance and barrier function of the skin. The gut microbiome has been a subject of extensive research and evidence shows that the gut flora is affected by preservatives and processed foods. In conventional skincare, preservatives are used, and this raises the question of how it affects the skin flora and its balance.MethodsA randomized double‐blind study on 14 healthy volunteers ages 23–45 years old were advised to use microbiome‐supporting (MS) products on one cheek and benchmark (BM) products on the other cheek daily for 3 weeks. To investigate how the skin was affected, the skin microbiome was analysed using 16 S rRNA sequencing and biophysical parameters were assessed using an Antera 3D camera. Measurements were performed before and after the 3 weeks of using the products.ResultsThe use of MS products for 3 weeks significantly increased the total number of reads mapped to unique bacterial species (p < 0.05) and the number of different unique species (p < 0.05). In addition, the use of MS products significantly reduced redness (p < 0.05) and improved skin texture (p < 0.01). The use of BM products showed no significant difference in any of the parameters except improved skin texture (p < 0.05). Additionally, the MS side showed a significantly improved diversity (p < 0.05) compared with the BM side. The four major phyla found were, similarly to previous findings by others, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Some of the most prevalent species were Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudonomas aeruginosa.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed significant improvements in the microbiome and biophysical parameters within 3 weeks of using MS skincare alone, while BM skincare only gave significantly improved skin roughness. Importantly, the MS side gave a significantly improved bacterial Shannon diversity (p < 0.05) compared with the BM side. Regarding the biophysical parameters, the MS skincare gave significant improvements in several parameters compared with baseline. However, they were not yet significant when compared to using BM skincare and therefore a larger study population will be needed. Importantly, this is the first study to investigate how preservatives affect the facial microbiome in vivo and has raised a need for further investigation. These results together with further studies can lead to innovations within the cosmetic industry that promote healthier skin.
Investigation of preparation and properties of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 multilayered composites
Authors: Chen Yingying , Ma Deli , Li Qinggang , Ji Jun , Zhang Zhenyu , Du Yuhang , Chen Sique , Yang Hailing , Wei Yulin , Shi Guopu , Pan Baocai , Wu Junyan , Wang Zhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTi3SiC2/Al2O3 multilayered composites were prepared by the combination of tape casting and hot pressing sintering. The slurry was produced by adjusting the amounts of each organic material, including triethyl phosphate (TEP) as a dispersion, polyvinyl butyrate (PVB) as a binder, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a plasticizer, and anhydrous ethanol as an organic solvent. When TEP content was 3 wt.%, PVB content was 4.5 wt.%, R‐value (DOP/PVB) was 1.4, and solid content was 38 wt.%; the cast film with a smooth surface, good flexibility, and uniform thickness was obtained after defoaming, tape casting, and drying. Three samples were prepared, namely, S1–S3. The S1 was monolithic Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 (mass ratio is 1:1) composites. S2 and S3 were Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 multilayered composites, which matrix layers were Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 composites (mass ratio is 1:1) and Al2O3, respectively, and their interface layer was Ti3SiC2. S1–S3 were also sintered at 1550°C. The bending strength of multilayered materials were lower than that of monolithic material, but the fracture toughness of multilayered materials significantly increased. Due to the introduction of Ti3SiC2 interface layer, the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 multilayered composites were reduced by 30.7% and 33.8%, respectively, compared with monolithic material.
Nanoindentation responses near single grain boundaries in oxide ceramics
Authors: Nakamura Ryo , Masuda Hiroshi , Yoshida Hidehiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocal mechanical responses near single grain boundaries (GBs) of 9.8 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 bicrystals, SrTiO3 bicrystal, and Al2O3 polycrystal were investigated by nanoindentation at room temperature to reveal single GB contributions to the mechanical properties. Contrary to the concept of the Hall–Petch strengthening, the hardness showed negligible variations among grain interiors, GB vicinities, and just on GBs in the samples. Importantly, the hardness may be underestimated owing to GB grooving in thermally etched samples. Despite the negligible change in intrinsic hardness, the transmission electron microscopy observation of the ZrO2 specimen under impressions revealed dislocation pileups at GBs. These results suggest that single GBs of oxide ceramics prevented dislocation movement but with limited strengthening contributions. This should correspond to the macroscopic Hall–Petch behaviors in oxide ceramics, where the Hall–Petch coefficients normalized by friction stress are significantly smaller than those in metals.