bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirements and Solutions for the Pretreatment of Â HVO Feedstocks
Authors:   Desmet Ballestra
            Group, de Greyt Wim 
Published: November 2022

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) and Hydoprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA)
are premium quality biofuels that are produced via hydrotreatment of renewable (waste)
feedstocks from vegetable and animal origin.Â HVO/HEFA production is increasing rapidly
worldwide and this is supported by several growth drivers. HVO/HEFA has a better
functionality compared to classical biodiesel based on fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
Â and it is fully compatible with mineral diesel. HVO/HEFA fractions can also be used as
sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). All major (European) airlines have recently announced
that they will start using increasing volumes of SAF on voluntary basis in anticipation
of a future compulsory SAF proportion. Initially, HVO was mainly produced from
food-grade oils (e.g. palm oil, soybean oil). However for sustainability but also
economical & political reasons, producers are increasingly looking for alternative
(lower quality â€“ non food) feedstocks such as UCO, waste animal fats, by-products from
edible/technical oil refining, distillation pitches and even non-glyceride feedstocks.
Independent of the applied technology, all HVO feedstocks need to be pre-treated
before they can enter the hydrotreatment process. Specific pre-treated feedstock
specifications depend on the HVO technology provider. In general, the pre-treatment is
necessary to remove impurities such as P and metals but also nitrogen and chlorine
containing components in order to increase the HVO catalyst life time and to avoid
corrosion problems in the plant. Pre-treatment of â€˜good qualityâ€™ feedstocks
(vegetable oils, used cooking oils, some animal fats) is pretty straightforward and can
be accomplished by a series of processes that are already known from the edible oil
refining processes. Proper pre-treatment of lower quality feedstocks is much more
challengingÂ and requires a more complex, multi-stage process that consists of a series
of dedicated unit operations. HVO/HEFA producers are very interested in such efficient
pre-treatment processes as their availability and industrial applicability will finally
determine if/to which extend a given low quality feedstock can be used which will
directly impact the economical viability of their HVO plant.
Development and characterization of a novel, edible oleocolloid made of rice bran
wax oleogel and sodium alginate-kappa-carrageenan hydrogel
Authors:   Iowa State
            University, Nutter Julia , Acevedo Nuria ,   Griffith
            Foods, Shi Xiaolei ,   Iowa State
            University
Published: November 2022

Even though tropical oils are extensively used in the food industry for their
physicochemical characteristics; there are environmental concerns regarding their
production. Therefore, suitable alternatives to solid fats are a challenge. This work
aims to develop and characterize plant-based oleocolloids with the potential to mimic
solid fats. Oleocolloids (OC) were prepared by combining an oleogel (OG) composed of 9
wt% rice bran wax (RBW), monoglycerides (MG, 0-2 wt%), and soybean oil with a hydrogel
(HG) formulated with 1 wt% sodium alginate and 0.5 wt% kappa-carrageenan in water. Two
OG:HG ratios; 7:3 and 8:2 were prepared and analyzed. Homogeneous and self-standing
formulations were selected and characterized in their rheological properties by
amplitude sweep tests. The microstructure was assessed using confocal scanning laser
microscopy (CSLM) and the solid fat content (SFC) profile through pNMR. Micrographs
showed that all samples exhibited HG-in-OG structure since HG droplets were dispersed in
the OG phase, and their size decreased upon MG addition, accordingly with its
emulsifying capacity. Overall, the elastic modulus (Gâ€™) and yield stress (Ïƒ*) values
of 8:2OC were higher than those of 7:3OC. In 8:2OC, Gâ€™ and Ïƒ* were enhanced with the
increase in MG concentration, suggesting that MG participates in the structuring
mechanism of the OC, modifies the microstructure, and imparts superior mechanical
strength to this matrix. The SFC remained between 6.5 and 8.5% for all OC at
temperatures between 10 and 60Â°C and then it sharply decreased as the temperature
approached the melting point (âˆ¼70Â°C). Significance of the
work: Oleogel/hydrogel colloidal mixtures have the potential to act as
healthy and sustainable alternatives to conventional solid fats; however limited
research has been focused on the food applicability of these matrices. This work
demonstrated that the novel plant-based oleocolloids developed hold promise to replace
solid fats in high-fat foods while enhancing their nutritional profile.
Green engineering approach with microstructured coiled flow inverter for CMF and
HMF continuous flow synthesis
Authors:   Darmstadt University of Applied
            Science, Schael Frank , Nigam Krishna ,   Indian Institute of
            Technology Delhi, Rojahn Patrick ,   Hochschule Darmstadt
            University of Applied Science
Published: November 2022

Since the first publication of the 12 green engineering principles by Anastas and
coworkers in 2003 a considerable body of literature developed the idea and its
systematic application further. Nowadays several chemical process assessment tools
include green engineering principles. This talk gives an overview on the status of green
engineering in process assessment and presents a process development example following
green engineering principles such as employment of renewable rather than depleting
feedstocks and maximization of mass, energy, space and time efficiency among
others. In particular, investigations of the technical synthesis of
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural HMF and 5-(chloromethyl) furfural CMF from sugars and sugar
containing waste streams is presented. HMF and CMF attracted a lot of attention in
recent literature as potential candidates for new platform chemicals. However, mainly
studies of batch processes are so far available. In continuation of earlier
investigations process development for a continuous flow synthesis of HMF and CMF is
performed by means of a reactive extraction which allows to beneficially combine
separation and reaction unit operations in a single processing step. A coiled flow
inverter reactor concept with reactor diameters on the scale of millimeter and
submillimeter is used. The hydrodynamic properties of the reactor concept in conjunction
with small reactor diameters assure efficient heat and mass transfer, narrow residence
time distribution and improved safety when compared to regular batch processes. The
continuous flow approach allows more easy adaption to changing processing demands and
better process control. In systematic investigations environmentally benign
extraction solvents, reaction temperature, initial sugar concentrations, and reactor
geometry is varied. Kinetic details as well as the influence of flow regimes of the
two-phase mixture and hydrodynamic aspects of the reactor operation are elucidated. This
information is of relevance for optimization for a later scale-up of the process in line
with green engineering principles.
Epoxy materials with triglyceride structure
Authors:   Pittsburg State
            University, Petrovic Zoran , Radojcic Dragana ,   Pittsburg State
            University, Hong Jian 
Published: November 2022

Preparing materials for technical applications made completely from natural oils
is always aÂ respectable goal. Epoxidized oils are an excellent platform for a range of
new polymers, including cross-linked epoxy resins prepared by cationic ring-opening
polymerization. Casts of glassy or rubbery epoxy resins were made from epoxidized algal,
soybean, and linseed oils at room temperature, in relatively short amounts of time.Â
The tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalyst allowed for precise control of the processing
time and curing temperature, even at very low concentrations. Properties of the resins
were dependent on both the degree of conversion and initial epoxy content.Â
Co-polymerization with small amounts of cyclohexene oxide led to improved strength and
modulus. The limits of the mechanical properties achievable with triglyceride structure
alone were studied. Materials displayed good mechanical, optical and electrical
properties.
Cost effective hygienic design strategies for your protein plant
Authors:   Process Plus LLC, McCullough Dennis , Korte Scott ,   Process Plus
            LLC
Published: November 2022

One item which is generally not discussed in food manufacturing is how to design
facilities which provide the ability to perform proper cleaning and sanitization for low
water activity products. As example, a typical approach for handling low water activity
products is to dry clean and attempt to heat sanitize without introducing water or other
fluids for cleaning and sanitization (which could increase the micro risk). This is a
developing area with great importance for control of pathogens in soybean oil processing
preparation and extraction areas. Without a kill step in place, all processing
operations and finished products developed from oil extraction have shown sensitivity to
potentially harmful microbiological contamination.However, having a "Kill"
step to the manufacturing process of oil processing operations is not enough in the
avoidance of microbiological contamination. Beyond having hygienic designed equipment
with proper cleaning and sanitization processes for low water activity products, one
must understand facility design, and the application of hygienic zones (i.e., material
flows and personnel transfers) within the manufacturing environment. Before we jump to
the conclusion of selecting the €˜best' designs, we must provide the right technical
solution(s), which is based on understanding current designs. The desired facility
state and hygienic equipment design facilitates both zoning control and supports proper
cleaning and sanitization steps. This is accomplished through design
actions:1. Effective physical and operational segregation of raw materials (dirty side)
and finished product (clean side) via the "Kill" step process.2. Materials
and flow of people facilitate the separation and segregations.3. Proper HVAC
pressurization between manufacturing processes and warehousing with special emphasis on
"Post-Kill" pre-packaging areas.The results indicate the importance of
selecting cost effective hygienic design for equipment and facilities within oil
processing operations. Implementing recommended equipment design features and facility
segregation steps should meet the objectives targeted.
Strategies to prevent hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in fish
Authors:   Chalmers University of
            Technology, Undeland Ingrid 
Published: November 2022

During the last 20 years, numerous studies have revealed how hemoglobin (Hb)
strongly controls development of lipid oxidation in fish muscle; more so than the total
lipid content or the relative amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Chalmers, three
main routes have been explored to combat Hb-mediated lipid oxidation in fish muscle; (i)
preventing lysis of the red blood cells (RBC), (ii) removing Hb during processing, or
(iii), introducing natural antioxidants. Key results from these strategies will be
revealed. In (i), which is mainly applicable to very early steps of the fish process
chain, we have found for example that avoiding osmotic or mechanic pressure as well as
temperature raises keeps the RBC intact. Important RBC-stabilizing factors were also
identified in blood plasma of herring and trout. In terms of Hb-removal, washing or
pH-shift processing of different types of fish raw materials have been studied. Among
findings are that repeated washing of fish mince (3Ã—3 volumes), e.g. in surimi
production, can remove nearly 85% heme and yield relatively stable minces. On the other
hand, limited washing (1Ã—1 volumes) destabilizes fish mince despite >60% heme
removal, pointing at wash-out of antioxidants counteracting the effect of Hb removal.
Work with antioxidants has been done both in simpler models such as washed fish mince
and with more complex systems as filleting rest raw materials. Particularly interesting
results have been found when using bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) or rosemary extracts
as well as grape or lingonberry press cakes. Extracts/solutions provides the possibility
to apply antioxidants onto the surface of intact fish tissue via dipping or incubation
treatments which is easy to implement in industry. The solid materials can on the other
hand be co-processed with fish (rest)raw materials proving a sustainable concept to
valorize different food side streams while at the same time preventing
oxidation.
As nanotecnologias e as indústrias: aplicações e implicações
Authors: Maia João 
Published: November 2022

Este artigo faz um levantamento das possíveis aplicações da nanotecnologia molecular às indústrias ligadas ao ambiente, saúde e transformação, entre outras. Neste contexto, este trabalho também desenvolve o debate ético e político sobre as implicações decorrentes de um novo regime tecnológico específico baseado nas nanotecnologias. As considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de uma forte cooperação científica e tecnológica entre os países de modo a mitigar as possíveis fraturas sociais e ambientais. Em paralelo, os países devem implementar políticas internas para adaptarem o enquadramento institucional e social dos territórios às tecnologias emergentes, incluindo no debate social sobre as suas aplicações.
The Utilization of Heart Rate Variability for Autonomic Nervous System Assessment in Healthy Pregnant Women: Systematic Review
Authors: Sharifiheris Zahra , Rahmani Amir , Onwuka Joseph , Bender Miriam 
Published: November 2022

Background
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a central role in pregnancy-induced adaptations, and failure in the required adaptations is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Mapping maternal ANS function in healthy pregnancy may help to understand ANS function.

Objective
This study aimed to systematically review studies on the use of heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring to measure ANS function during pregnancy and determine whether specific HRV patterns representing normal ANS function have been identified during pregnancy.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to guide the systematic review. The CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched to comprehensively identify articles without a time span limitation. Studies were included if they assessed HRV in healthy pregnant individuals at least once during pregnancy or labor, with or without a comparison group (eg, complicated pregnancy). Quality assessment of the included literature was performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool. A narrative synthesis approach was used for data extraction and analysis, as the articles were heterogenous in scope, approaches, methods, and variables assessed, which precluded traditional meta-analysis approaches being used.

Results
After full screening, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. In 88% (7/8) of the studies, HRV was measured using electrocardiogram and operationalized in 3 different ways: linear frequency domain (FD), linear time domain (TD), and nonlinear methods. FD was measured in all (8/8), TD in 75% (6/8), and nonlinear methods in 25% (2/8) of the studies. The assessment duration varied from 5 minutes to 24 hours. TD indexes and most of the FD indexes decreased from the first to the third trimesters in the majority (5/7, 71%) of the studies. Of the FD indexes, low frequency (LF [nu]) and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio showed an ascending trend from early to late pregnancy, indicating an increase in sympathetic activity toward the end of the pregnancy.

Conclusions
We identified 3 HRV operationalization methods along with potentially indicative HRV patterns. However, we found no justification for the selection of measurement tools, measurement time frames, and operationalization methods, which threaten the generalizability and reliability of pattern findings. More research is needed to determine the criteria and methods for determining HRV patterns corresponding to ANS functioning in healthy pregnant persons.
Autoestima y su medición
Authors: Guillén Riebeling Raquel del Socorro , Reidl Martínez Lucy María 
Published: November 2022

Bajo el panorama de la Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, se abordan factores psicológicos relacionados con la condición corporal de peso corporal, la cual es denominada como Índice de Masa Corporal o IMC, resultado de la medición antropológica y cuya clasificación va del rango de bajo peso al de obesidad. Entre los factores o modalidades relacionadas con el IMC de sobrepeso y obesidad, se encuentran: la personalidad, la emoción, la cognición, la conducta y las relaciones interpersonales. En este artículo, se aborda la modalidad emocional que se vincula con otras modalidades, la Autoestima en su conceptualización y en su medición. El instrumento de Autoestima (Reidl-Martínez, 2002), se analiza en sus versiones anteriores hasta su versión final como Escala de Autoestima de Reidl Martínez (2002).
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Powtoon Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada Materi Ekosistem Muatan IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sari Sinta Merta , Ganing Ni Nyoman 
Published: November 2022

Kebijakan pembelajaran daring menuntut guru untuk lebih aktif dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran agar kegiatan pembelajaran dapat berlangsung dengan maksimal dan mampy memberikan proses pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran powtoon berbasis problem based learning pada materi ekosistem muatan IPA kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model Hannafin and Peck (analyze, design, development and implementation, evaluation) sebagai langkah-langkah sistematis dalam proses pengembangan produk. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ahli isi pembelajaran, ahli desain pembelajaran, ahli media pembelajaran dan siswa kelas V SD. Pengumpulan Data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, angket/kuisioner sebagai instrument pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran powtoon berbasis problem based learning dinyatakan layak digunakan berdasarkan hasil uji coba produk yang meliputi hasil penilaian ahli isi pembelajaran memperoleh persentase skor 96,79% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, hasil penilaian ahli desain pembelajaran memperoleh persentase skor 90,00% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, hasil penilaian ahli media pembelajaran memperoleh persentase skor 84,70% dengan kualifikasi baik, dan hasil penilaian siswa melalui uji coba perorangan memperoleh persentase skor 95,83% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik. Dari hasil uji coba dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran powtoon berbasis problem based learning layak digunakan pada proses pembelajaran.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Tematik (Muatan Pelajaran IPA) Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Agustini Ni Kadek Ayulina , Rati Ni Wayan 
Published: November 2022

Proses pembelajaran tematik (muatan IPA) di sekolah dasar cenderung masih kurang maksimal. Masih terdapat beberapa siswa yang tidak fokus saat belajar sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik pada tema 7 (muatan pelajaran IPA) siswa kelas V SD dengan menerapan model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan II siklus pelaksanaan. Tiap-tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yakni tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode non tes berupa observasi dan metode tes berupa lembar soal. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriftif, dengan menggunakan indikator keberhasilan. Hasil analisis siklus I diperoleh bahwa, hasil belajar IPA siswa masih berada di kategori rendah, dimana persentase rata- rata kelas yang diperoleh sebesar 63,7% dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 45,7%. Pada siklus II, terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar IPA, dimana rata- rata kelas yang diperoleh sebesar 72,3. Setelah dikonversikan menunjukkan bahwa persentase hasil belajar siswa sebesar 72,3% berada pada kriteria sedang. Persentase ketuntasan klasikal belajar siswa pada siklus II mencapai 71,4%. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa.
Faktor Kesulitan Belajar Matematika pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Saputra Mohamad Irvando , Japa I Gusti Ngurah , Simamora Alexander Hamonangan 
Published: November 2022

Siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar matematika dalam kelas, lemah dalam pemahaman, kurangnya interaksi, saat diberikan tugas tidak dikerjakan, nilai yang didapatkan tidak maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor kesulitan belajar matematika di masa pandemi. Jenis penelitian ini menerapkan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data mepergunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang didapat kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk data yang mudah dibaca kemudian dianalisis lalu disimpulkan. Subjek pada penelitian yaitu menggunakan 2 kelas dengan jumlah 37 orang siswa. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif, data yang sudah didapat kemudian dipaparan berupa data adapun mudah dibaca selanjutnya diterjemahan serta diringkas. Hasil analisis terkait kesulitan belajar matematika yang dialami siswa kelas IV disebabkan oleh peserta didik yang tidak menyukai ilmu matematika dan beranggapan bahwa Matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang sulit. Siswa kurang semangat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran matematika. Siswa kurang percaya diri atas kemampuanya sendiri untuk bisa memahami materi tanpa dibantu oleh guru. Kebiasaan belajar matematika siswa rendah. Faktor lingkungan sangat memengaruhi cara keluarga mendidik. Faktor lingkungan dan keadaan sekolah sangat berpengaruh yaitu cara mengajar guru, sarana dan prasarana, dan sumber belajar. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan motivasi dalam belajar matematika yang cukup