bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)
Authors: Schibille Nadine , Amorós Ruiz Victoria , De Juan Ares Jorge , Gutiérrez Lloret Sonia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnalytical data of Roman and early Islamic glass established several primary glass production groups linked to glassmaking centres in the Levant and in Egypt. In contrast, the activities of secondary glass workshops are largely invisible in the compositional fingerprint of first millennium glass. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) of 261 glass finds from the Visigothic settlement of Tolmo de Minateda (Spain) revealed a site‐specific contamination pattern due to secondary glass processing and recycling, namely the enrichment of the glass batch by a unique combination of rare alkali elements (Li, K, Rb, Cs). With a median of 21 ppm, Li is particularly distinctive. Elevated lithium contents (Li>30 ppm) are also one of the characteristic features of Iberian plant ash glass from the Islamic period. The earliest known examples of this type of glass were found among the ninth‐century remains from Tolmo.
Orthogonal‐ and Path‐Dependent Photo/Acidoswitching in an Eight‐State Dihydroazulene‐Spiropyran Dyad
Authors: Dowds Mathias , Stenspil Stine G. , de Souza João H. , Laursen Bo W. , Cacciarini Martina , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMolecules comprised of two or more switches have potential to exist in a variety of states, which may only be accessible by a “correct” sequence of stimuli on account of the influence of the neighboring unit. Here we present a straightforward synthesis of a dyad incorporating two photoswitchable units, dihydroazulene (DHA) and spiropyran (SP). The photoswitching properties of both chromophores and the acido‐triggered switching of the SP were retained in the dyad, allowing selective switching between eight states with distinct absorption and fluorescence properties (corresponding to light‐controlled fluorescence on/off switching). Photoisomerization of DHA and protonation of SP allowed an orthogonal control of the individual sites. Conversely, photoisomerization of SP to its merocyanine (MC) isomer could not be performed without also addressing DHA‐to‐vinylheptafulvene (VHF) switching. Access to the DHA‐MC state thus appeared to be path‐dependent as it could exclusively be reached by deprotonation of the thermally stable DHA‐E‐MCH.
Cell‐penetrating peptides for cancer treatment: Current state and future directions
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow to efficiently deliver therapeutic agents into cancer cells is a knotty problem for researchers. Over the past 30 years, the use of cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) to facilitate intracellular cargo delivery has received extensive attention. Encouraged by their robust membrane permeability and satisfactory biocompatibility, various CPPs have been applied to construct anticancer drugs. However, owing to some unsolved problems, such as lack of cell selectively, short circulation time, and poor in vivo stability, no CPP has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration so far. Thus, further efforts are urgently needed to solve these problems. In this commentary, we discuss the current state and future directions of CPPs in the field of cancer therapy.
Cluster of differentiation 147 complex: A putative early predictive biomarker for preeclampsia?
Authors: Chi Wenna , Zhang Yuming , Yang Jinliang , Chen Ligong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) occurs only in humans and some non‐human primates, making its pathogenesis difficult to study. The aetiology of PE is mainly caused by a deficiency in trophoblast differentiation and spiral artery remodelling. The angiogenic factor Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) or the ratio of sFlt‐1 to PlGF and cell‐free RNA have been used as the main biomarkers for predicting PE. Now, Lee and colleagues show that the deficiency of cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) results in preeclampsia pathophysiology. This contribution makes sheds light on PE development and unveils CD147 as a potential biomarker for clinical trials.
N‐BGP: An efficient BGP routing protocol adaptation for named data networking
Authors: Aldaoud Manar , Al‐Abri Dawood , Awadalla Medhat , Kausar Firdous 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNamed data networking (NDN) is gaining momentum as a future Internet architecture. NDN is a type of information‐centric networking (ICN) that attempts to change the current Internet architecture from host/location‐centric to content‐centric, where data retrieving is done by the names of the contents irrespective of the location of the data. A mechanism to advertise the name‐based prefixes between different domains is necessary to accelerate the NDN deployment. In IP‐based routing, border gateway protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter‐domain routing protocol that plays a vital role in Internet communication by enabling different Internet domains to exchange routing information. In its current form, BGP can advertise and process IP‐based prefixes, but it cannot advertise or process NDN name‐based prefixes. Accordingly, BGP needs to be extended to support NDN technology. This paper proposes an NDN extension for BGP, referred to as N‐BGP, that offers a solution to exchange name‐based routes in the current BGP networks. This proposed extension modifies the traditional BGP speaker into a hybrid one. This hybrid speaker is qualified to understand, advertise, receive, process, and store both IP‐based and name‐based routes simultaneously and efficiently, without disturbing or breaking the current Internet operation; that is, it can coexist along with traditional speakers. We also validate and evaluate our proposed solution in a hybrid environment, and the results show that N‐BGP has the capability to exchange and process both Name and IP‐based routes efficiently.
Tetrahydroxylated bile acids improve cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in the Mdr2−/− mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis via immunomodulatory effects
Authors: Fuchs Claudia D. , Dixon Emmanuel D. , Hendrikx Tim , Mlitz Veronika , Wahlström Annika , Ståhlman Marcus , Scharnagl Hubert , Stojakovic Tatjana , Binder Christoph J. , Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Trauner Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bile salt export pump (Bsep) (Abcb11)
−/−
mice are protected from acquired cholestatic injury due to metabolic preconditioning with a hydrophilic bile acid (BA) pool with formation of tetrahydroxylated bile acids (THBAs). We aimed to explore whether loss of Bsep and subsequent elevation of THBA levels may have immunomodulatory effects, thus improving liver injury in the multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) (Abcb4)

−/−
mouse. Cholestatic liver injury in Mdr2

−/−

Bsep

−/−
double knockout (DKO), Mdr2

−/−
, Bsep

−/−
, and wild‐type mice was studied for comparison. Mdr2

−/−
mice were treated with a THBA (3α,6α,7α,12α‐Tetrahydroxycholanoic acid). RNA/protein expression of inflammatory/fibrotic markers were investigated. Serum BA‐profiling was assessed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Hepatic immune cell profile was quantified by flow cytometric analysis (FACS). In vitro, the THBA effect on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)–induced inflammatory signaling in hepatocyte and cholangiocytes as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)–induced macrophage activation was analyzed. In contrast to Mdr2

−/−
, DKO mice showed no features of sclerosing cholangitis. Sixty‐seven percent of serum BAs in DKO mice were polyhydroxylated (mostly THBAs), whereas Mdr2

−/−
mice did not have these BAs. Compared with Mdr2
−/−, DKO animals were protected from hepatic inflammation/fibrosis. THBA feeding in Mdr2
−/− mice improved liver injury. FACS analysis in DKO and Mdr2
−/− THBA‐fed mice showed changes of the hepatic immune cell profile towards an anti‐inflammatory pattern. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) protein expression was reduced in DKO and in Mdr2
−/− THBA‐fed mice compared with Mdr2
−/− control mice. In vitro, THBA‐reduced CDCA induced EGR1 protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. LPS/IFN‐γ–induced macrophage activation was ameliorated by THBA. THBAs repress EGR1‐related key pro‐inflammatory pathways. Conclusion: THBA and their downstream targets may represent a potential treatment strategy for cholestatic liver diseases.
A single hepatitis B virus genome with a reporter allows the entire viral life cycle to be monitored in primary human hepatocytes
Authors: Sumiyadorj Ariunaa , Murai Kazuhisa , Shimakami Tetsuro , Kuroki Kazuyuki , Nishikawa Tomoki , Kakuya Masaki , Yamada Atsumu , Wang Ying , Ishida Atsuya , Shirasaki Takayoshi , Kawase Shotaro , Li Ying‐Yi , Okada Hikari , Nio Kouki , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Duger Davaadorj , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For the development of antiviral agents to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV), it is essential to establish an HBV cell culture system that can easily monitor HBV infection. Here, we created a novel HBV infection monitoring system using a luminescent 11‐amino acid reporter, the high‐affinity subunit of nano‐luciferase binary technology (HiBiT). The HiBiT‐coding sequence was inserted at the N‐terminus of preS1 in a 1.2‐fold plasmid encoding a genotype C HBV genome. After transfection of HepG2 cells with this HiBiT‐containing plasmid, the supernatant was used to prepare a recombinant cell culture‐derived virus (HiBiT‐HBVcc). Primary human hepatocytes (PXB) were inoculated with HiBiT‐HBVcc. Following inoculation, intracellular and extracellular HiBiT activity and the levels of various HBV markers were determined. Reinfection of naive PXB cells with HiBiT‐HBVcc prepared from HiBiT‐HBVcc‐infected PXB cells was analyzed. When PXB cells were infected with HiBiT‐HBVcc at several titers, extracellular HiBiT activity was detected in a viral titer‐dependent manner and was correlated with intracellular HiBiT activity. Inhibitors of HBV entry or replication suppressed extracellular HiBiT activity. Viral DNA, RNA, and proteins were detectable, including covalently closed circular DNA, by Southern blot analysis. The synthesis of relaxed‐circular DNA from single‐stranded DNA in HiBiT‐HBV decreased to one third of that of wild‐type HBV, and the infectivity of HiBiT‐HBVcc decreased to one tenth of that of wild‐type HBVcc. HiBiT‐HBVcc prepared from PXB cells harboring HiBiT‐HBV was able to infect naive PXB cells. Conclusions: Recombinant HiBiT‐HBV can undergo the entire viral life cycle, thus facilitating high‐throughput screening for HBV infection in vitro using supernatants. This system will be a powerful tool for developing antiviral agents.
The experience of working with anaesthesia associates in the United Kingdom and the impact on medical anaesthetic training
Authors: Sellers Claudie , Penfold Nigel , Gass Cleave , Drennan Vari M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnaesthesia Associates have been established in the UK for over 10 years, but without statutory regulation. Renewed interest surfaced based on a widening gap between patient need and workforce supply in the UK and established advanced practice non‐doctor roles within healthcare systems elsewhere. However, there are no robust data on their impact on patient or hospital outcomes, or training opportunities for medical anaesthetists, and perceptions of the profession within the anaesthetic community are mixed. This paper describes an investigation into the demographics and scope of practice of Anaesthesia Associates in the UK in 2017, and the experience of working together as an anaesthetic team. Through qualitative interviews, we explored the role and relationships, the impact on medical anaesthetic training and ideas about future development. The overall experience of working with Anaesthesia Associates was positive. Successful integration requires understanding of the educational needs and competencies of all. Future development relies on strong leadership and robust patient outcome and efficiency measures. Interviewees strongly supported statutory regulation, which was agreed by the government in 2019 but not yet implemented. Anaesthesia Associates were seen as a benefit to anaesthetic departments and as such may provide part of the solution to the prevailing workforce issues in UK Anaesthesia, further critically challenged by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
The effects of compulsory isolation measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The example of prison workers
Authors: Ayhan Fatma , Balsak Habip , Ayhan Veli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research was to identify depression, anxiety, and perceived social support levels among prison workers and to determine the relationship between anxiety and depression and perceived social support.MethodsThe descriptive, cross‐sectional research was conducted between 15 November 2020, and 10 February 2021. The study sample consisted of 603 prison workers contacted using the convenience sampling method, consenting to take part in the research, and working under compulsory Covid‐19 isolation measures. A questionnaire produced in an electronic environment consisting of a personal information form, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questions was employed.ResultsThe mean GAD, PHQ and MSPSS scores of the prison workers working under compulsory isolation conditions were 18.38 ± 5.78, 14.30 ± 6.99, and 42.76 ± 20.27, respectively. Of the prison workers in this study, 71.5% exhibited severe depression symptoms and 21.4% moderate depression, while 25.5% exhibited severe anxiety symptoms and 23.4% moderate anxiety symptoms. MSPSS and its subdomains exhibited negative correlation with depression, and the MSPSS friends subdomain was negatively correlated with anxiety.ConclusionAnxiety and depression scores were at high levels in prison workers exposed to compulsory isolation during the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Identifying Bone Matrix Impairments in a Mouse Model of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) by Clinically Translatable Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Rafay , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Derasari Shrey , Meyer Joshua , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Elefteriou Florent , Nyman Jeffry S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Three-to-four percent of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) present with unilateral tibia bowing, fracture, and recalcitrant healing. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme therapy prevented poor bone mineralization and poor mechanical properties in mouse models of NF1 skeletal dysplasia; but transition to clinical trials is hampered by the lack of a technique that (i) identifies NF1 patients at risk of tibia bowing and fracture making them eligible for trial enrollment and (ii) monitors treatment effects on matrix characteristics related to bone strength. Therefore, we assessed the ability of matrix-sensitive techniques to provide characteristics that differentiate between cortical bone from mice characterized by postnatal loss of Nf1 in Osx-creTet-Off;Nf1flox/flox osteoprogenitors (cKO) and from wild-type (WT) mice. Following euthanasia at two time points of bone disease progression, femur and tibia were harvested from both genotypes (n ≥ 8/age/sex/genotype). A reduction in the mid-diaphysis ultimate force during three-point bending at 20 weeks confirmed deleterious changes in bone induced by Nf1 deficiency, regardless of sex. Pooling females and males, low bound water (BW), and low cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Ct.vBMD) were the most accurate outcomes in distinguishing cKO from WT femurs with accuracy improving with age. Ct.vBMD and the average unloading slope (Avg-US) from cyclic reference point indentation tests were the most sensitive in differentiating WT from cKO tibias. Mineral-to-matrix ratio and carbonate substitution from Raman spectroscopy were not good classifiers. However, when combined with Ct.vBMD and BW (femur), they helped predict bending strength. Nf1 deficiency in osteoprogenitors negatively affected bone microstructure and matrix quality with deficits in properties becoming more pronounced with duration of Nf1 deficiency. Clinically measurable without ionizing radiation, BW and Avg-US are sensitive to deleterious changes in bone matrix in a preclinical model of NF1 bone dysplasia and require further clinical investigation as potential indicators of an onset of bone weakness in children with NF1. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Density and Fat Fraction of the Psoas, Paraspinal, and Oblique Muscle Groups Are Associated With Lumbar Vertebral Bone Mineral Density in a Multi-Ethnic Community-Living Population: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gurusamy Pradyumna , Larsen Britta A. , Allen Richard T. , Ward Samuel R. , Allison Matthew A. , Hughes-Austin Jan M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Low vertebral bone mass is a major risk factor for vertebral compression fractures. Although sarcopenia has been shown to be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), it is not known whether trunk musculature is directly associated with lumbar BMD, and whether exercise modifies this association. Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we sought to determine the association of muscle density and fat fraction of the psoas, paraspinal, and oblique muscle groups with L3 lumbar volumetric BMD, and whether these associations were modified by exercise. We obtained L3 vBMD measurements, and fat and muscle measurements (in Hounsfield units [HU]) from abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans spanning the L2–L4 intervertebral disc spaces. Muscle density was defined as the mean HU value for a muscle group area. Fat fraction was calculated as the mean HU value for the muscle group fat area/total muscle group area (cm2). Exercise data were self-reported (MET-minute/week). We utilized multivariable linear regression to evaluate these associations, stratified by gender, and adjusting for demographics, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, impaired fasting glucose, and corticosteroid and anti-resorptive medication use. Among 1923 MESA participants, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 62 ± 10 years, 49% were female, 40% white, 21% black, 26% Hispanic/Latino, and 13% Chinese. In fully adjusted analysis, for every 1-SD higher psoas fat fraction, there was a 3.19-SD lower L3 vBMD in men and 4.3-SD lower L3 vBMD in women (p &lt; 0.001). For every 1-SD higher psoas density, there was a 0.2-SD higher L3 vBMD (p &lt; 0.001) in men and 0.19-SD higher L3 vBMD (p &lt; 0.001) in women. Findings were similar for paraspinal and oblique muscles. Intentional exercise did not modify these associations. In men and women, trunk muscle density was positively associated with higher lumbar BMD, suggesting a local association. Future studies are warranted to determine the temporality of this association. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Linking skeptical judgment with skeptical action: Consideration of client identification and professional commitment
Authors: Ortegren Marc , Downen Tom , Kim Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine, in an experimental setting, how skeptical judgment translates into skeptical action, the influence of client identification on skeptical judgment, and of professional commitment on the link between judgment and action. We find that skeptical judgment decreases as client identification increases, and that higher professional commitment can improve the association between skeptical judgment and action. Our findings suggest that efforts to strengthen the commitment of auditors may prove beneficial, that different factors may affect judgment and action differently, and that it may be worthwhile to distinguish between skeptical judgment and skeptical action in academic research.
Accrual earnings management: Do Chief Financial Officer power and career horizon matter?
Authors: Abdullah Yahya , Nabar Sandeep 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine whether Chief Financial Officer (CFO) internal power and career horizon are associated with accrual earnings management. Our proxy for the CFO's power within the firm is the ratio of the CFO's compensation to the CEO's compensation, and the CFO's career horizon is proxied by the number of years to retirement age. We find a negative relationship between the CFO's internal power and discretionary accruals. We do not find any evidence that CFO career horizon impacts accrual management. We further find that the negative association between CFO internal power and discretionary accruals is evident only for income‐decreasing accruals, and only in firms that meet or just beat earnings forecasts. The evidence implies that CFOs exert their influence to ratchet down large positive earnings surprises, thereby creating cookie jar reserves for future years.
HIV testing and linkage to ART following secondary distribution of HIV self‐test kits to male partners of women living with HIV: a pilot randomized control trial in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Joseph Davey Dvora L. , Wall Kristin M. , Naidoo Nireshni , Naidoo Dhirisha , Xaba Gugu , Serao Claire , Malone Todd , Dovel Kathryn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionSouth African men are underrepresented in HIV testing and treatment services. Secondary distribution of oral HIV self‐test (HIVST) kits by women living with HIV (WLHIV) to their male partners (i.e. index partner HIVST) may increase men's testing and treatment but has been understudied.MethodsBetween March and July 2021, we evaluated the effectiveness of index partner HIVST versus the standard of care (SOC) (invitations for men's facility‐based testing) on men's testing in a 1:1 randomized control trial. Eligibility criteria included: WLHIV; ≥18 years of age; attending one of four high‐density rural clinics; have a working cell phone; and self‐reported having a primary male partner of unknown serostatus. The primary outcome was the proportion of WLHIV reporting that her partner tested for HIV within 3 months after enrolment.ResultsWe enrolled 180 WLHIV and 176 completed an endline survey (mean age = 35 years, 15% pregnant, 47% unmarried or non‐cohabiting). In the HIVST arm, 78% of male partners were reported to have tested for HIV versus 55% in SOC (RR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.14–1.76). In the HIVST arm, nine men were reactive with HIVST (14% positivity), six were confirmed HIV positive with standard testing (67%) and all of those started antiretroviral therapy (ART), and four HIV‐negative men started pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (5%). In SOC, six men were diagnosed with HIV (12% positivity), 100% started ART and seven HIV‐negative men started PrEP (16%). One case of verbal intimate partner violence was reported in the HIVST arm.ConclusionsSecondary distribution of HIVST to partners of WLHIV was acceptable and effective for improving HIV testing among men in rural South Africa in our pilot study. Interventions are needed to link reactive HIVST users to confirmatory testing and ART.