bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron-scale Current Layers in the Martian Magnetotail: Spatial Scaling and Properties of Embedding
Authors: Grigorenko E. E. , Zelenyi L. M. , Shuvalov S. D. , Malova H. V. , Dubinin E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current sheets (CSs) are widespread objects in space plasma capable of storing and, then, explosively releasing the accumulated magnetic energy. In planetary magnetotails the cross-tail CS plays an important role in the global dynamics of the tail and in the transformation of the magnetic energy into the kinetic and thermal energies of the ambient plasma. We have analyzed 114 crossings of the cross-tail CS by the MAVEN spacecraft at X
MSO ∼ [−1.0, −2.8]R
M. Magnetic field observations with high time resolution allowed the observation of the inner superthin CS (STCS) with a half-thickness L
STCS ∼ (1–100)ρ
e (ρ
e is the gyroradius of thermal electrons) in 75 intervals of the CS crossings from our database. The STCS was embedded into a thicker ion-scale CS and provides 10%–50% of the total current density in the cross-tail CS. Our analysis has shown that the observed L
STCS and the embedding parameter, σ
emb, characterizing the contribution of the STCS to the total current density in the CS are well described by the novel analytical kinetic model of a multilayered CS with an inner embedded electron-scale layer: L
STCS∼ (0.9–1.2)λ and σ
emb ∼ (0.9–1.2) σ
model, where the universal spatial scaling λ ∼ δ

i

2/ρ

P
and the embedding parameter σ
model ∼ δ

i
/ρ

P
are determined by the local ion inertial length (δ

i
) and gyroradius of thermal protons (ρ

P
) in the STCS.
Hydroxychloroquine shortened hospital stay and reduced intensive care unit admissions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Omma Ahmet , Erden Abdulsamet , Apaydin Hakan , Aslan Meryem , Çamlı Hüseyin , Şahiner Enes Seyda , Güven Serdar Can , Armağan Berkan , Karaahmetoğlu Selma , Ates Ihsan , Kucuksahin Orhan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 has been highly controversial. In our research, we aimed to investigate the effects of hydroxychloroquine on disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Methodology: A total of 393 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively assigned to the standard of care therapy group (n = 180) or the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group (n = 213). The standard of care therapy comprised favipiravir, low molecular weight heparin, acetylsalicylic acid. Status of oxygenation at baseline and on the seventh day, laboratory tests at baseline and at discharge were recorded. Length of hospital stay, administration of anti-inflammatory treatment, admission to the intensive care unit and 28th day mortality were set as primary endpoints.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of oxygen delivery route and mortality after seven days of treatment (p = 0.592). C-reactive protein levels of the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group were significantly lower than that of the standard of care group at discharge (p = 0.034). Patients in the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group had shorter hospital stay (p = 0.007). The standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group was favored over standard of care group in terms of rate of intensive care unit admissions (21.7% vs. 10.8%; relative risk with 95% CI = 0.49 [0.31-0.80], p = 0.003).
Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine in addition to standard of care was associated with less intensive care unit admissions, early discharge and greater C-reactive protein reduction. There was no difference in 28-day mortality.
Analysis and modeling of COVID-19 epidemic dynamics in Saudi Arabia using SIR-PSO and machine learning approaches
Authors: Zrieq Rafat , Boubaker Sahbi , Kamel Souad , Alzain Mohamed , Algahtani Fahad D. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 has become a global concern because it has extensive damage to health, social and economic systems worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop tools to understand, analyze, monitor and control further outbreaks of the disease.
Methodology: The Susceptible Infected Recovered-Particle SwarmOptimization model and the feed-forward artificial neural network model were separately developed to model COVID-19 dynamics based on daily time-series data reported by the Saudi authorities from March 2, 2020 to February 21, 2021. The collected data were divided into training and validation datasets. The effectiveness of the investigated models was evaluated by using various performance metrics. The Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Particle-Swarm-Optimization model was found to well predict the cumulative infected and recovered cases and to optimally tune the contact rate and the characteristic duration of the illness. The feed-forward artificial neural network model was found to be efficient in modeling daily new and cumulative infections, recoveries and deaths.
Results: The forecasts provided by the investigated models had high coefficient of determination values of more than 0.97 and low mean absolute percentage errors (around 7% on average).
Conclusions: Both the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Particle-Swarm-Optimization and feed-forward artificial neural network models were efficient in modeling COVID-19 dynamics in Saudi Arabia. The results produced by the models can help the Saudi health authorities to analyze the virus dynamics and prepare efficient measures to control any future occurrence of the epidemic.
Bacteriostatic effect of Echeveria extracts on diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes and non-cytotoxicity on human Caco-2 cells
Authors: Olivas-Quintero Sandra , Bernal-Reynaga Rodolfo , Lopez-Saucedo Catalina , Maldonado-Puga Samantha , Díaz-Camacho Sylvia Paz , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador , Delgado-Vargas Francisco , Estrada-Garcia Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes are important aetiological agents of diarrhoeal illness among children from less developed areas, worldwide. Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes strains are increasingly becoming drug resistant, thus effective and accessible therapeutic alternatives are required for their treatment; herbal extracts may be a potential alternative. Aims: to evaluate Echeveria craigiana, E. kimnachii, and E. subrigida methanol extracts antibacterial effect on six diarrheagenic E. coli reference strains and on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells viability and cytokine production.
Methodology: Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes reference strains: typical enteropathogenic E2348/69, enterotoxigenic H10407, enterohaemorrhagic O157:H7/EDL933, enteroinvasive E11, diffusely adherent C18451-A, and enteroaggregative 042 E. coli. E craigiana, E. kimnachii, and E. subrigida leaves, collected at Sinaloa, Mexico, were freeze-dried and macerated in methanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was determined by a novel method developed in our laboratory, bacterial oxygen consumption by polarographic oxygen electrode technique and membrane integrity by two methods (live/dead and protein leakage assays). Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells viability by MTT assay and cytokine production using a Cytometric Bead Array kit.
Results: Extracts concentrations of 100 μg/mL and 5-hour incubation, reduced more than 93% the growth of all diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes tested strains and significantly decreased bacterial oxygen consumption, like bacteriostatic antibiotics. After 24-hour incubation methanol extracts had a differential antibacterial effect on each diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes strain. Echeveria extracts did not have any effect on viability and cytokine production of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
Conclusions: Echeveria methanol extracts have a bacteriostatic effect on all diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes strains, thus potentially they could be used as antibacterial agents on diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes-contaminated products and on patients with diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes infections.
A new species of Pholcus yichengicus species-group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Hebei Province, China
Authors: Lu Ying , Yao Zhiyuan , He Qiaoqiao 
Published: February 2022

The Pholcus yichengicus species-group currently contains 37 species. It is distributed in central and south-eastern China and Thailand, except for P. guani Song &amp; Ren, 1994 from Liaoning Province, north-eastern China and P. clavatus Schenkel, 1936 which is widely distributed in the country.
Pholcus bajia sp. nov. is described as a new species of the P. yichengicus species-group collected from Hebei Province, China.
Relocalisation d’une activité sportive « traditionnelle » : altération ou renforcement identitaire ? Le cas du va’a, la pirogue polynésienne, en Bretagne
Authors: Camus-Le Pape Malo 
Published: February 2022

La pratique du va’a, pirogue traditionnelle polynésienne, progresse depuis quelques années en Bretagne. L’objectif de ce travail est de s’intéresser à ce développement sur le territoire breton avec la question de la sportivisation de l’activité, rattachée à la Fédération française de canoë kayak, pour interrogation centrale. Cette sportivisation provoque-t-elle une altération des symboles identitaires originellement liés à la pirogue ou, a contrario, un maintien exacerbé ? Nous verrons que le développement du va’a en Bretagne se fait selon des modalités diverses en fonction des acteurs, des lieux et des motivations de pratique notamment
La gamification du sport. L’expérience croisée du pratiquant et du spectateur connectés à l’espace de jeu
Authors: Schoeny Alain , Chaboche José 
Published: February 2022

La gamification transpose des éléments de jeu dans l’espace sportif selon trois marqueurs : autonomisation, enrichissement et ludification . Les villes misent sur ces tendances actuelles de consommation de loisirs hyper-connectés, individualisés et personnalisés. L’article traite donc des modalités de production et d’usage des espaces et services sportifs gamifiés par des dispositifs connectés. Éléments théoriques, pratiques et méthodologiques arment deux études de cas typiques (parcours running d’Orléans et stade Allianz Riviera de Nice) qui montrent que la pertinence et l’efficience des aménagements réalisés sont liées aux attentes, à l’appropriation et à la valeur ajoutée que leur accordent les utilisateurs.
La glorification des valeurs et de l’ordre bourgeois dans les séries télévisuelles The Paradise et Mr Selfridge
Authors: Denis Philippe 
Published: February 2022

L’engouement qu’ont rencontré The Paradise et Mr Selfridge , deux séries télévisuelles se rapportant à l’avènement des grands magasins, premier symbole d’une démocratisation du luxe moderne, soulève une interrogation quant à savoir si elles ont comblé autant les attentes et les désirs des propriétaires de ces établissements que ceux du public. En effet, si dans la société hypermoderne une valorisation du passé par la nostalgie se développe, ce qui fait apparaître des liens entre l’ancien et l’actuel, cette réflexion permet de questionner la mise en relief dans ces séries des valeurs qui ont permis la montée de la bourgeoisie et des capitaux qui la caractérisent, tout en offrant une part de rêves. Ainsi, cet article cherche à démontrer que ces éléments sont toujours au centre des préoccupations sociales, d’où leur mise en relief au gré des épisodes.
Westworld : un abrégé incisif de sociologie de la souffrance
Authors: Ralambosoa Maharisoa 
Published: February 2022

Cet article dissèque la première saison de Westworld relativement à un leitmotiv lancinant qui revient tout au long de la série par-delà la trame faustienne de l’intelligence artificielle : le thème de la souffrance. De sa dramaturgie sociale à sa distribution collective et individuelle en passant par son appropriation individuelle à des fins identitaires, la souffrance assure une fonction dialectique de premier rang dans le blockbuster labyrinthique de HBO, reflétant de grandes notions de sociologie de la souffrance. Les allusions à notre modernité dolente et « désenchantée » (Jean Foucart) y sont plus qu’évidentes, entre impératif d’être soi, déliaison généralisée et menaces de fractures sociales inédites relatives à l’essor de l’intelligence artificielle. Autant de correspondances mises en évidence à l’intérieur de notre contribution qui a décidé d’insister sur un aspect moins évoqué de la série et sur ses corollaires théoriques.
Après ce long cauchemar : voyage au centre du labyrinthe. Hétéronomie, écritures biographiques et esthétiques contemporaines
Authors: Pepino Immacolata 
Published: February 2022

Le but de cet article est d’essayer de comprendre comment la sociologie peut tirer parti d’outils issus de domaines de production intellectuelle autres que la connaissance scientifique. En accordant une attention particulière à la littérature et aux séries télévisées, nous proposons une comparaison avec l’artifice compositionnel sophistiqué de l’hétéronyme – considéré sous les différentes formes qu’il a prises depuis le début des années 2000 – afin de souligner comment cela s’inscrit dans le débat plus large sur l’utilisation des récits pour la recherche sociale développé au cours des dernières décennies. Le but ultime de cet article est donc de démontrer comment cet artifice narratif permet de repenser les catégories propres à la sociologie à partir d’un des concepts fondateurs de la discipline : celui de l’identité.
A Systematic Literature Review of Contingency Distance Teaching and Learning in the Time of Crisis
Authors: Karrar Azza Zeinelabdin , Merghani Suhaila Abdalla 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the transition from traditional teaching and learning methods that rely heavily on face-to-face interaction inside lecture rooms to online distance learning in the context of the pandemic. The existing literature is systematically reviewed using the guidelines for conducting systematic information system (IS) literature reviews, with the assistance of NVivo. Diverse experiences navigating the contingency transition to distance learning in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review's findings are presented in the form of various figures, tables, and graphs. It makes comparisons between the included studies' objectives, methodology, theory application, findings, perspective, and context. Additionally, the analysis compares the findings from prepared (in terms of infrastructure and training) and unprepared implementation cases. This chapter is expected to guide decision-makers in developing strategic action plans to enhance the online learning experience for instructors, students, and institutions as a whole during a crisis situation.
Pyloroduodenojejunostomy
Authors: Madhavan Shibumon Mundunadackal , Chauhan Smita , Jha Sneha , Kumar Suneed , Masood Shakeel 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Gastric outlet obstruction is a common condition due to various malignant and benign etiologies. Benign gastric outlet obstruction has been managed surgically by gastric resection or drainage procedures. Pyloroduodenojejunostomy (PDJ) is an old surgical procedure with very few descriptions in the literature and is rarely performed now. We present our experience of six cases of Roux-en-Y PDJ performed for benign gastroduodenal strictures causing gastric outlet obstruction.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective study of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y PDJ for benign gastroduodenal obstruction in the department of Surgical Gastroenterology in a teaching hospital in Northern India from January 2017 to December 2019. Side-to-side pyloroduodenojejunostomy was done with a Roux-en-Y limb of jejunum along with side-to-side jejunojejunostomy. A feeding jejunostomy was added in patients who were nutritionally poor. No vagotomy was performed.

Results:
Four male and two female patients with median (range) age of 42 (37–61) years underwent PDJ. There were no major postoperative complications in the study group. Etiology of benign strictures was tuberculosis in two patients and peptic in four. On mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up of 19.5 (5.12) months, all the patients were symptom-free. The mean (SD) weight gain was 10 (3.40) kg.

Conclusion:
Roux-en-Y PDJ is a useful alternative in the management of surgically difficult cases of benign gastroduodenal strictures with low morbidity and good outcome.
Fecal Contamination in Child Play Spaces and on Child Hands Are Associated with Subsequent Adverse Child Developmental Outcomes in Rural Democratic Republic of the Congo: REDUCE Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: George Christine Marie , Birindwa Alves , Beck Sara , R. Julian Timothy , Kuhl Jennifer , Williams Camille , Coglianese Nicole , D. Thomas Elizabeth , Bauler Sarah , François Ruthly , Ng Angela , Presence Amani Sanvura , Claude Bisimwa Rusanga Jean , Tofail Fahmida , Perin Jamie , Mirindi Patrick , Cirhuza Lucien Bisimwa 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
The objective of the Reducing Enteropathy, Undernutrition, and Contamination in the Environment (REDUCE) program is to identify exposure pathways to fecal pathogens that are significant contributors to morbidity among young children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and on developing and evaluating scalable interventions to reduce fecal contamination from these pathways. This prospective cohort study of 270 children under 5 years of age was conducted in rural South Kivu, DRC, to investigate the association between Escherichia coli in hand rinse, soil, food, object, surface, stored water, and water source samples and child developmental outcomes. Child developmental outcomes were assessed by communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal social, problem-solving, and combined scores measured by the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ) at a 6-month follow-up. Children having E. coli present in the soil in their play spaces had significantly lower combined EASQ z scores (coefficient: −0.38 (95% CI: −0.73, −0.03)). E. coli on children’s hands was associated with lower communication EASQ z scores (−0.37 (95% CI: −0.0.10, −0.01), and E. coli in stored drinking water was associated with lower gross motor EASQ z scores (−0.40 (95% CI: −0.68, −0.12). In the REDUCE cohort study, E. coli in soil in child play spaces, on children’s hands, and in stored drinking water was associated with lower developmental outcome scores (communication, gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving skills). These results suggest the need for interventions to reduce fecal contamination in the household environment to protect the cognitive development of susceptible pediatric populations in rural DRC.
Embargo, remate y, o , adjudicación de bienes, en la relación jurídico-tributaria en Mexicali
Authors: Becerra Valenzuela Emigdio Julián , Capito Mata Sergio Gilberto , García Espinoza Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación se plantea dentro de un marco jurídico, social e institucional, ya que la magnitud de éste comprende la actuación de la Administración Desconcentrada de Recaudación de Baja California “1” respecto del embargo, remate y/o adjudicación de bienes muebles e inmuebles propiedad de terceros ajenos a la relación jurídico-tributaria, por lo que para su diagnóstico constitucional, se necesita y requiere de una investigación científica y metodológica de las unidades de observación, con la finalidad de ofrecer mecanismos de perfeccionamiento de procedimientos recaudatorios en los que se observe a plenitud los derechos humanos y así evitar futuras sentencias que afecten y mermen al erario. Los resultados que se muestran, derivan de una investigación básica y práctica, en donde se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas que nos proporcionan datos y cifras, que ayudan al mejoramiento de procedimientos y mecanismos recaudatorios en las unidades administrativas del Servicio de Administración Tributaria, también, brinda orientación a los contribuyentes sobre sus derechos y obligaciones tributarias. Por lo tanto a modo de conclusión, podemos decir que el Servicio de Administración Tributaria debe de actualizar y capacitar tanto a su personal, como los manuales internos que se aplican en el Procedimiento Administrativo de Ejecución.
Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución en el Sistema Acusatorio Oral
Authors: González Galaviz Carlos Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

Con la nueva implementación del sistema penal acusatorio oral que fue publicada el 18 de junio del 2008 y la reforma al artículo 17 de la constitución, que menciona "las leyes preverán mecanismos alternativos de solución de controversias". Este nuevo proceso de Mecanismos Alternativos tiene como finalidad proporcionar, a través de diálogo, la solución de una controversia para que no se llegue al juicio, y que ambas partes de manera voluntaria puedan encontrar una solución factible para la situación. Esta investigación dará a conocer al lector sobre los beneficios y las ventajas de la nueva implementación del sistema acusatorio oral. Si bien se sabe que los juicios pueden llegar a ser demasiado duraderos y en muchos casos las partes no quedan satisfechas con la resolución dictada por el juez. Los Mecanismos Alternativos son una manera más rápida de solucionar una controversia y las partes llegan a un acuerdo mutuo para solucionar su conflicto. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer al público en general, sobre el juicio oral, los Mecanismos Alternativos que nos ofrece y la eficacia que tendrá a corto, mediano y largo plazo en nuestro país, y poder respondernos ¿Fue necesario implementar este nuevo sistema penal acusatorio? ¿Serán efectivos los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Controversia?
El derecho constitucional y el actuar del crimino?logo
Authors: Medina Wahnnatah Armando , Almada Quintero María Guadalupe , Duarte Félix Cirilo , Medina Almada Ana Lucia 
Published: February 2022

El presente expone brevemente el ana?lisis de la relacio?n que guarda el Marco Constitucional en Me?xico con la Criminologi?a, respecto de la planeacio?n de las actividades que realiza el sistema gubernamental y que de acuerdo a la estructura legal, se establece las facultades correlativas que tanto la Federacio?n como las Entidades Federativas, tienen que realizar para lograr la planificacio?n en pro de los habitantes.
Lo anterior, en relacio?n con las generalidades de la criminologi?a, ambas encaminadas a identificar las conductas de las personas cuando se relacionan con la comisio?n de los delitos,
Se enfoca este ana?lisis desde sus aportes para la formacio?n en profesionales de la criminologi?a. Con un sentido social responsable para dirigir al estudio en su prevencio?n, concibiendo al derecho y a las normas juri?dicas como elementos para la reconstruccio?n social.