bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Boalsburg, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer, with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 88°F; soil temperature, 82°F; 60%, RH; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil size separation, 23.2% sand, 60.6% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture, 24.6%; soil pH 5.3; organic matter, 3.9%; water pH, slightly acidic; 0.8 inches of rainfall was recorded over tie posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 28 Jul, 7 days after the initial treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inchdiam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10-min period. Three floatation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and inverted to a sq-ft count.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Butler, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a COa sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied by using a handheld shaker and mixed with a fine grade of top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature, 90°F; RH 90%; amount of thatch, 1.25 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil size separation, 14.2% sand, 63.6% silt, 22.2% clay; soil moisture, 19.2%; soil pH 6.2; organic matter, 3.1%; water pH, slightly acidic; 2.2 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 13 Aug, 10 days after the initial treatment. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inchdiam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10- min period. Three floatation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a sq-ft count.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Boalsburg, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade of top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 88°F; soil temperature, 82°F; RH, 60%; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil size characterization, 23.2% sand, 60.6% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture, 24.6%; soil pH 5.3; organic matter, 3.9%; water pH, silightly acidic; 0.8 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 28 Jul, 7 days after the initial treatment. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10-min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a sq-ft count.
Japanese Beetle Control in Tall Fescue Turf, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Patton V. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was a 2-yr-old pure stand of rebel tall fescue located near Goldsboro, Caroline County, Md. Treatment plots were 7 × 10 ft replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied by hand-held shaker can, and liquid treatments were applied by sprinkling can. All applications were made in 2 directions across each plot. All plots received 0.8 inches of water at time of treatment (8 Sep) and another 2 inches later during the test period, all by the irrigation system. The second application of 2 lb (AI)/acre of Diazinon for Diazinon 15G (2.0 + 2.0) and Diazinon AG500 (2.0 + 2.0) treatments was made on 24 Sep. The grubs were sampled on 13 Oct by counting the number of grubs found under 10 sq ft of sod that had been cut by a sod cutter.
Control of Chinch Bug on Red Fescue, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Hellman E. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to an established home lawn in Montgomery County, Md. Turf damage at time of treatment was heavy, and nymph chinch bug populations averaged 30-40/sq ft. Treatments were applied on 13 Aug. Plots were 8 × 8 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied in 1.5 gal of water distributed in 2 directions across the plots with a sprinkling can. All plots received 0.25 inches of irrigation immediately after treatment. Chinch bugs were sampled with two 0.25-sq-ft floatation devices.
Control of Southern Masked Chafer Larvae in Tall Fescue Turf, 1986
Authors: Nechols J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several commercial-use granular insecticides wer tested for efficacy against first-instar southern masked chafer (SMC) larvae in an irrigated 4-yr-old stand of'K-31' tall fescue located at the Rocky Ford Turfgrasi Research Plots at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kans. A check was made for phytotoxicity. The predominant soil type, Chase silt loam, had a relative! high fertility and was composed of 3% organic matter. The range of acidity at the experimental site was pH 7.2-7.3 and the mowing height was 3.5 inches. The experiment was conducted on a 5- × 5-ft plot in a completely randomized block design and included 5 replicates of each of 4 treatments. Each replicat' consisted of a turf core, cut and placed inside a 6-inch-diam polyvinyl chloride cylinder, and then resituated in the turf plot. On 24 and 25 Jul, first-insta SMC larvae were collected from an adjacent tall fescue plot, placed immediately into shaded buckets containing moist peat moss, and then inoculated into premoistened turf cores. Individual larvae were placed head down into each of 10 0.5-inch holes/core and then covered with soil. Weather conditions during grub inoculations were as follows: 25—27°C; 55-75% RH; slight breeze; partly cloudy to sunny skies. No rainfall occurred, but the soil was moist because of irrigation. On 29 Jul, granular applications were made to each cylinder by hand shaking required amounts of each chemical from a cup to achieve an even distribution. Check replicates received inert granules only by the same procedure. All replicates were watered in at a rate of 0.5 inches (175 ml) immediately following treatment. Environmental conditions during application were as follows: 25°C; 85-88% RH; clear to slightly hazy skies; no detectable wind. The pretreated soil was slightly moist from the previous day's irrigation. No rainfall occurred for 24 h posttreatment. Four of the 5 treatment and check replicates were evaluated for larval mortality on 20 Aug, 21 DAT, by removing the turf cores from the cylinders and counting the number of living larvae. The size of each surviving grub was noted. One randomly selected replicate was left intact until 10 Sep (43 DAT) so that treatment and check cores could be evaluated for insect-related damage.
Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a golf course fairway near Bowie, Prince George's County, Md. Damage to the turf on 19 Aug was moderate. Plots were 8 × 8 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker can. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-gal sprinkling can. All applications were made in 2 directions across each plot. Treatments were watered into the thatch with 0.5 inches of water with the golf course irrigation system. The number of dead grubs on the surface of the plots was counted on 20 Aug.
Fletcher Scale Control on Taxus Using Foliar Sprays in Autumn, 1986
Authors: McClure M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 18 Nov, 24 3-ft yews (12 each of ‘Densiformis’ and ‘Hicksii’) were dug B & B from a commercial nursery in Broadbrook, Hartford County, Conn., and transferred to a containment area at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven. On 25 Nov, the 24 yews were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Three groups were treated the same day with foliar insecticides; the other group served as the untreated check. Treatments were applied by Solo Jetpak 425 backpack sprayer. Two liters of mixed solution was applied to each tree to drench the foliage completely. All living scales were second-instar nymphs at the time of treatment. When the foliage had dried (4 h later) the trees were moved into a glasshouse, where they were maintained under natural lighting at 15°C and watered as needed. Three wk later the general appearance of each group was recorded and each yew was sampled by removing 20 randomly selected 10-cm-long branches/plant. The branches were examined by microscope and the first 5 scales encountered on each branch were recorded as dead or alive. Plants Were kept throughout the winter and checked periodically for evidence of phytotoxicity.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Birch Aphid on Birch, Wayne County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Japanese white birch (5.5 m tall) growing in an experimental birch planting at the Ohio State University Agricultural Research and Development Center near Wooster were chosen for evaluating insecticides against birch aphid. Treatments were applied with a KWH backpack mistblower operating at half-throttle on aperture setting 3 for 50 s to deliver 630 ml of finished material per tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times; replicates consisted of 2 adjacent trees. Applications were made 29 Aug under partly sunny skies at 18°C and no breeze. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 2, 6, and 8 days posttreatment by holding a collection tray beneath 4 interdigitating branches between adjacent trees of each replicate ad striking each branch twice. Collections were placed in glass vials; aphids were counted in the laboratory with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.
Control of Bagworms on Oriental Cedar (Aborvitae), 1987
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated on a row of individual Oriental cedar plants, 25 ft high and 10 ft wide, located in Stillwater, Okla. Treatments were made on 6 Jul and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a FMC DM 010 sprayer at 350 psi. The temperature was 97°F and wind velocity was 5-10 mph at the time of treatment. Mortality was determined by examining 5 larvae from each replication at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 DAT.
Peachtree Borer Control on Purple-Leaf Sand Cherry, Wooster, Ohio, 1986
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purple-leaf sand cherry growing in 7.5-liter containers and infested with peachtree borer were used to evaluate effectiveness of Furadan spikes against establishment of peachtree borer larvae. Six-gram spikes containing 1% Furadan were placed in containers on 19 Jun 2.54 cm from the container edge and just below the surface of the medium. Plants were watered just prior to and immediately after spike placement. Five single-plant replicates/treatment were placed outside the greenhouse during the test period, and they received 1.3 cm of overhead irrigation each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 1 Oct by examining the base of each plant for exudate and frass.
Phytotoxicity Test, Selected Woody Plants, Madison and Wooster, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 15 species of containerized woody plants obtained from a nursery in Madison. Applications were made using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 Flat-fan nozzle delivering 1,892 ml (application to runoff) of finished spray to 45 plants. Each treatment was applied to 3 plants of each species or cultivar. All treatments were applied 23 Jul with conditions sunny, temperature of 20°C, and winds at 10-13 km/h. Plants sprayed with Safer's Insecticidal Soap received a second application 7 days later. Conditions on 30 Jul were sunny, 26°C, and winds were 10-13 km/h. A second group of plants consisting of 8 species was brought to Wooster to evaluate potential phytotoxicity of Zectran and UCZF-21. Plants were sprayed 17 Sep with conditions sunny, temperature of 23°C, and winds at 5-10 km/h. Plants were sprayed to runoff as above.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of summer generation crawlers of the pine needle scale on heavily infested 5- to 6-ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Each treatment was applied to 4 tree replicates. Foliar sprays were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with one Spraying System 5500 adjustable cone nozzle mounted on the end of a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi; 940 ml of each treatment was applied to each replicate. Treatments were applied 17 Jul under partly cloudy skies. The air temperature was 78°F, and RH was 62%. Twelve days posttreatment (29 Jul), a minimum of 5 infested needle fascicles were randomly removed from each tree. Fascicles were then individually placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice cooler back to the laboratory, where the viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a dissecting stereomicroscope was determined. Counts were made from a minimum of 5 fascicles.
Control of Summer Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale on Scotch Pine, Carroll County, Ohio, 1981
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Roth J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scotch pine (2-2.5 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating toxicity of an experimental pyrethroid insecticide against crawlers of the summer (= July) generation. Infested trees with newly hatching crawlers were sprayed 22 Jul, using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum speed to deliver 946 ml of finished spray to each of 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Ambient temperature was 21°C with partly cloudy skies and 6-8 km/h winds. Settled first instars, crawlers, and eggs were present during spraying. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 4 Aug by collecting infested needle fascicles and inspecting them with the aid of a binocular microscope in the field for living and dead settled first instars. Counts were made from at least 31 needle fascicles; the first 100 settled nymphs observed were used for analysis.
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control in North Carolina, 1985
Authors: Hobbs W. R. , Hain F. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of Zectran, using 2 application rates of each t'ormulation, were evaluated for efficacy in controlling Nantucket pine tip moths in Christmas tree plantings of Virginia pine. Dimethoate was used as a standard. A plantation of 4-yr-old trees in Sampson County and one of 2-yr-old trees in Wake County were selected as test sites. Using a randomized block design, 5 blocks of 25 trees each were selected for each treatment. (At the Sampson County site there were 7 blocks per treatment and 5 control blocks.) The trees were sprayed on 18 Jun in Sampson County and 19 Jun in Wake County, 10 days after peak pheromone trap catch of adults, with a hand pump sprayer to the point of runoff. The trees in the Sampson County plantation were about 4 ft tall and required 5 gal of spray for 50 trees. At the Wake County plantation 5 gal covered 125 trees. Both sites were evaluated on 23 Jul, 5 wk after treatment. Only the 9 center trees of each block were used in the evaluation. The dead terminals were counted on treated and untreated trees.
Laboratory Evaluation of an IGR (UC84572) Against the Black Carpet Beetle, 1987
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White felt pads were used as a substrate to evaluate water-based sprays of UC84572 IE against black carpet beetle larvae. Circular pads (64 cm2) were attached with spots of Elmer's Glue-All to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes fitted with ventilated lids. Solutions of UC84572 (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4%) were applied as a fine spray using a perfume atomizer. Each pad was treated with 0.3 ml of the desired concentration. Treatments were replicated 4 times. After drying, 10 random instar larvae were placed in each dish without food or water. Temperature and relative humidity were 25°C and 45%, respectively. Mortality counts were made at 2- to 3-day intervals but mortality is reported here on a weekly basis. The number of adults transforming from surviving larvae was also recorded.
Self-Pressurized, Encapsulated Sprays for German Cockroach Control in Single-Family Dwellings, 1985
Authors: Wright Charles G. , Dupree H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field evaluations were made in single-family dwellings infested with at least 25 visible German cockroaches/kitchen to compare the efficacy of 6 self-pressurized, encapsulated insecticide formulations against a standard nonencapsulated chlorpyrifos spray. Visually-sighted German cockroaches were counted, with flashlight illumination where necessary, in each kitchen prior to insecticide application. Items in cabinets were removed during the counting procedure to provide clear access for insecticide application. Preapplication counts were performed from August through November 1985, followed immediately by treatment, with additional inspections, and retreatments where living cockroaches were sighted, at specified intervals. All sprays were injected into cracks and crevices with a plastic application tube in keeping with label instructions. Six single-family dwellings (replicates) were treated/formulation, except for 1 formulation, where 12 single-family dwellings were used. The 12 dwellings were treated with 1 formulation to allow comparisons of mortality following an initial application only versus an initial application plus reapplications at specified intervals when living cockroaches were observed. The amount of insecticide applied/kitchen was determined by weight. Other rooms were treated with the same formulation, but the number of cockroaches was not counted and the quantity of spray applied was not measured. Floor and wall surfaces of the kitchen were combined for the kitchen area (m2). Analyses were calculated on percent reduction of cockroaches (pre-versus postcounts for each house) using a general linear models procedure and the Goodnight [1982] Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test for variables.
Control of Lesser Mealworm in a Rroiler House with Igrs and Baythroid, West Virginia, 1987
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in a poultry house located at West Virginia University. The house is 30 by 100 ft with 2 holding areas separated by a 20 by 30 ft feed mixing and storage corridor. Each side of the house is divided into 3 rows of 5 by 8 ft pens for holding birds; each pen is stocked with 54 birds at the start of a cycle. At the end of a cycle (about 42 days), accumulated hard crust is removed and about 2 inches of new wood chip litter is added. Treatments were applied after crust removal and prior to addition of new chips; there was no mixing of treated loose material with the new chips. Sprays were applied with a 2 gal hand sprayer at the rate 1 gal per 606 sq ft. Treatments were replicated twice with each side of the house having a replicate of each treatment assigned at random. Treated and untreated areas were 160 sq ft (4 pens). New birds were placed in the house 4 days after treatment. For sampling, a 4 inch piece of 1 % inch diam PVC pipe fitted with a roll of corrugated cardboard was used to trap (collect) larvae and adults. When placed for sampling, traps were partially covered with litter. Four traps were used to sample each treatment area and placed within the confines of the 2 center cages to allow for a buffer zone between treatments. Traps were left in place for 3 days. Data are presented as the mean no. of larvae and adults per trap per day.
Toxicities of Selected Chemicals and Combinations Thereof to Pyrethroid Resistant Horn Flies, 1986
Authors: Hinkle Nancy C. , Sheppard D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five chemicals were tested singly and in combination against known resistant field-collected horn flies to evaluate their potential efficacy against resistant horn flies. The treated filter paper technique of Sheppard and Hinkle was used in which the chemicals were dissolved in acetone and diluted to produce the desired ranges of concentrations when pipetted onto filter paper. Flies were subsequently exposed to the dried residues while confined in plastic petri dishes and mortality was assessed at 2 h. Ca. 30-40 flies were used per rate per replication. Dosage-mortality regression lines were calculated using Daum’s program for probit analysis and resultant LC50 values were ranked within replicates and weighted. The combined weighted LC30 values were then used to rank the chemicals and combinations for efficacy. As horn fly populations with varying levels of resistance were used for the various replications, it would be inappropriate to compute mean LC30 values.
Comparison of Toxicities of Eight Terpenes Tested Against House Flies, 1985
Authors: Hinkle Nancy C. , Sheppard D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anethole, pine oil, neryl-geranyl, citral, isobornyl acetate, limonene, phellandrene, and unitene-d were evaluated as potential naturally occurring insecticides by topical application to female house flies. These by-products of turpentine distillation were diluted in acetone and 1.0 u,l applied to the pterothoracic nota of ca. 30 flies per rate, with two replications per chemical. Flies were confined in groups often following treatment and mortality was assessed at 24 h; flies unable to stand were considered dead. Percent mortality was regressed on rate using Daum’s program for probit analysis and the resultant LD50 values were used to rank the chemicals by toxicity.