bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological effects of microcurrent and its application for maximising acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise
Authors: Kolimechkov Stefan , Seijo Marcos , Swaine Ian , Thirkell Jack , Colado Juan C. , Naclerio Fernando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrocurrent is a non-invasive and safe electrotherapy applied through a series of sub-sensory electrical currents (less than 1 mA), which are of a similar magnitude to the currents generated endogenously by the human body. This review focuses on examining the physiological mechanisms mediating the effects of microcurrent when combined with different exercise modalities (e.g. endurance and strength) in healthy physically active individuals. The reviewed literature suggests the following candidate mechanisms could be involved in enhancing the effects of exercise when combined with microcurrent: (i) increased adenosine triphosphate resynthesis, (ii) maintenance of intercellular calcium homeostasis that in turn optimises exercise-induced structural and morphological adaptations, (iii) eliciting a hormone-like effect, which increases catecholamine secretion that in turn enhances exercise-induced lipolysis and (iv) enhanced muscle protein synthesis. In healthy individuals, despite a lack of standardisation on how microcurrent is combined with exercise (e.g. whether the microcurrent is pulsed or continuous), there is evidence concerning its effects in promoting body fat reduction, skeletal muscle remodelling and growth as well as attenuating delayed-onset muscle soreness. The greatest hindrance to understanding the combined effects of microcurrent and exercise is the variability of the implemented protocols, which adds further challenges to identifying the mechanisms, optimal patterns of current(s) and methodology of application. Future studies should standardise microcurrent protocols by accurately describing the used current [e.g. intensity (μA), frequency (Hz), application time (minutes) and treatment duration (e.g. weeks)] for specific exercise outcomes, e.g. strength and power, endurance, and gaining muscle mass or reducing body fat.
Outcome of self-expandable metal stents placement for obstructive colorectal cancer: 7 years’ experience from a Swedish tertiary center
Authors: Papachrysos Nikolaos , Shafazand Morteza , Alkelin Leif , Kilincalp Serta , de Lange Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims
Self expandable metal stents (SEMS) is an alternative to emergency surgery to treat malignant large bowel obstruction. It can be used either for palliation or as a bridge to curative surgery. Our study aims to review the outcomes of SEMS treatment in a tertiary center and to find predictors for the clinical outcome.

Patient and methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from SEMS insertion at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, a referral center in Western Sweden (1.7 million inhabitants), between 2014 and 2020. Data collected were age, the intent of intervention, tumor localization, complication rate, technical and clinical success, 30- and 90-days mortality as well as long-term survival for the indication bridge to surgery.

Results
We identified 265 SEMS insertions (mean age 72, female 49.4%). Most SEMS were used for palliation (90.2%). The malign obstruction was most often located in the left colon (71.7%). Technical success was achieved in 259 (97.7%) cases and clinical success in 244 (92.1%) cases. Post-operative complications occurred in 11 cases (4.2%). The 30-days mortality rate was 11.7% and the 90-day was 31.7%. In our analysis the tumor site was not associated with adverse outcomes and bridge to surgery indication was a positive prognostic factor for the 90-day mortality.

Conclusions
We found that SEMS is an effective and safe treatment for patients with acute obstructive colorectal cancer.
Incidental dural tears associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients operated for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Alhaug Ole Kristian , Dolatowski Filip , Austevoll Ivar , Mjønes Sverre , Lønne Greger 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Study design
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective
Incidental dural (ID) tear is a common complication of spine surgery with a prevalence of 4–10%. The association between ID and clinical outcome is uncertain. Former studies found only minor differences in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). We aimed to examine the association of ID with treatment failure after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods
Between 2007 and 2017, 11,873 LSS patients reported to the national Norwegian spine registry (NORspine), and 8,919 (75.1%) completed the 12-month follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to study the association between ID and failure after surgery, defined as no effect or any degrees of worsening; we also compared mean ODI between those who suffered a perioperative ID and those who did not.

Results
The mean (95% CI) age was 66.6 (66.4–66.9) years, and 52% were females. The mean (95% CI) preoperative ODI score (95% CI) was 39.8 (39.4–40.1); all patients were operated on with decompression, and 1125 (12.6%) had an additional fusion procedure. The prevalence of ID was 4.9% (439/8919), and the prevalence of failure was 20.6% (1829/8919). Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for failure for ID was 1.51 (1.22–1.88); p < 0.001, adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.44 (1.11–1.86); p = 0.002. Mean postoperative ODI 12 months after surgery was 27.9 for ID vs. 23.6 for no ID.

Conclusion
We demonstrated a significant association between ID and increased odds for patient-reported failure 12 months after surgery. However, the magnitude of the detrimental effect of ID on the clinical outcome was small.
The effect of the combined application of solid- and gas-phase flame retardants in epoxy gelcoats on the thermal stability, fire performance and adhesion of coated carbon fibre–reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Pomázi Ákos , Krecz Martin , Toldy Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe explored the combined effect of two flame retardants (FR) containing phosphorus—ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP)—on the fire performance of coated carbon fibre–reinforced composites. We prepared epoxy gelcoats with 10% total phosphorus content with different ratios of APP and RDP and characterised by DSC, TGA, rheometry, limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test and mass loss calorimetry (MLC). The increasing ratio of liquid RDP led to a significant reduction in viscosity: gelcoats over 3%P RDP content became sprayable without any diluents. The gelcoat with 7%P APP and 3%P RDP had the best fire performance (pHRR of 141 kW m−2), followed by the gelcoat with 6%P APP and 4%P RDP (pHRR of 171 kW m−2). We prepared flame-retarded and reference epoxy/carbon fibre–reinforced composites by hand lamination, wet compression and vacuum infusion. The flammability of the laminates decreased with increasing fibre content due to the reduction in resin content; therefore, the vacuum-infused sample performed the best. However, due to the more compact structure of the vacuum-infused sample, the reduction in total heat release was greater than expected from the fibre content alone. The MLC results of the coated composites indicated that it was not necessary to incorporate 3%P RDP in the composite matrix of the coated composites, as FRs in the coating alone are sufficient to protect the composite. The adhesion between the composite and the gelcoat was influenced by the presence of the FR additives in the resins, and adhesion was stronger when the composite matrix and the gelcoat contained the same FR.
The In Vitro Activity of Fluconazole, Amphotericin B and Echinocandins Against Cyberlindnera fabianii Planktonic Cells and Biofilms
Authors: Tóth Zoltán , Bozó Aliz , Kovács Renátó , Balogh Bettina , Balázs Bence , Forgács Lajos , Kelentey Barna , Majoros László 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUntil recently, little was known about the susceptibility pattern of Cyberlindnera fabianii (Cy. fabianii) planktonic cells and biofilms regarding the most frequently administered systemic antifungals, despite the high mortality rate and its potential role in catheter-related infections. In the current study, the activity of fluconazole, amphotericin B and echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin) was determined against planktonic and sessile cells of Cy. fabianii clinical isolates (n = 8). Planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 1 to 2, from 0.25 to 1, from 0.015 to 0.06, from 0.03 to 0.12 and from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/l for fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin, respectively. One-day-old biofilms were highly resistant to fluconazole (MIC ranged from 512 to > 512) compared to planktonic counterparts, but not to amphotericin B (MIC ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/l) and echinocandins (MIC ranged from 0.06 to 2 mg/l). Based on the calculated planktonic killing rates, the highest activity was observed in the case of anidulafungin (k values ranged from 0.37 to 2.09), while micafungin, caspofungin, amphotericin B and fluconazole exerted 0.46–1.47, 0.14–0.86, −0.03 to 2.08 and −0.15 to 0.09 killing rate value ranges, respectively. The obtained in vitro planktonic and sessile susceptibility patterns suggest that echinocandins and amphotericin B may be the most reliable treatment option for the treatment of Cy. fabianii infections.
Multiscenario flood hazard assessment using probabilistic runoff hydrograph estimation and 2D hydrodynamic modelling
Authors: Tufano Rita , Guerriero Luigi , Annibali Corona Mariagiulia , Cianflone Giuseppe , Di Martire Diego , Ietto Fabio , Novellino Alessandro , Rispoli Concetta , Zito Claudia , Calcaterra Domenico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to define a procedure of flood hazard assessment applicable to large river basins in which flood events can be induced/sustained by the full basin area or by fractions of the total area as functions of the extent of the triggering precipitation event. The proposed procedure is based on a combined approach accounting for (1) the reconstruction of intensity–duration–frequency curves expressing the magnitude in terms of intensity for multiple return periods; (2) the application of the soil conservation service method for runoff estimation from a selected rainfall scenario considering some characteristics of the basin (i.e. soil type, land use/treatment, surface condition, and antecedent moisture conditions); (3) 2D hydrodynamic modelling conducted by the HEC-RAS model using runoff hydrographs as hydrological input data; (4) the reconstruction of flood hazard maps by overlaying multiple inundation maps depicting flood extent for different return periods. To account for the variability in the extent of the triggering precipitation event and the resulting input hydrograph, multiple contributing areas are considered. The procedure is tested at the archaeological site of Sybaris in southern Italy, which is periodically involved in flood events of variable magnitude. The obtained results highlight that the variable extent of the floodable area is strongly conditioned by the extent of the contributing area and return period, as expected. The archaeological site is always involved in the simulated flooding process, except for the smallest contributing area for which only a 300-year event involves this part of the site. Our findings may be useful for developing and supporting flood risk management plans in the area. The developed procedure might be easily exported and tested in other fluvial contexts in which evaluations of multiple flood hazard scenarios, due to the basin geometry and extent, are needed.
Multinationality and systematic risk: a literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Höge-Junge Christin , Eckert Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the literature, the impact of multinationality on the valuation of multinational companies is heavily debated. To understand this impact on valuation, we need to clarify whether and how multinationality affects systematic risk. For this purpose, we analyze the state of research concerning the impact of corporate multinationality on systematic risk, conducting a systematic literature review of 35 studies and a univariate meta-analysis based on 20 studies. We test the predictions of the upstream–downstream hypothesis and the increasing capital market integration hypothesis on the basis of a meta-regression analysis of 17 studies. Our results provide no empirical support for the upstream–downstream hypothesis. However, they corroborate the capital market integration hypothesis in a more radical manner than expected: whereas multinationality seemed to have a risk-reducing effect until the beginning of the 1990s, since then its impact appears to have shifted. We find a risk-increasing effect for multinationality from 1990 on. Our results have important implications for academic research and managerial practice.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug and poison–related deaths in Gold Coast, Australia
Authors: Thompson Isabella , Olumbe Alex , Tse Rexson , Thompson Melissa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
COVID-19 is postulated to impact drug- and poison-related deaths. America has reported an increased in drug-related deaths, whereas Australia has reported a decline. Regional studies are scant and may not mirror national data. Characterising drug and poison–related deaths during COVID-19 at a regional level would inform local interventions and policies on the current and future pandemics.

Methods
A 4-year retrospective study from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (COVID-19 pandemic) of all drug and poison–related deaths admitted to the Gold Coast University Hospital under Coronial investigation.

Results
Drug and poison–related deaths increased in both the proportion and absolute numbers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no statistical difference in age, sex, location of death, manner of death and classification of drugs and poison implicated.

Conclusions
Although there is an increase in drug and poison–related deaths, the overall demographic and pattern have not changed. Further studies to account for the variation may enable implementation of targeted public health interventions to address the burden of related deaths in regional settings in the context of future pandemics.
Autobiographical memory functions in the recall of authentic moments
Authors: Sutton Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAuthenticity, or being true to oneself, relies on integrating autobiographical memories into a coherent life-story. These autobiographical memories serve three adaptive functions: self-identity, social connection and directing behaviour in the future. But little is known about how memory and the subjective sense of authenticity interact. Using a between-subjects experimental design, we compared memories of authentic and inauthentic moments with controls. Memories of in/authentic events were more likely to use the self function and less likely to use the social function than controls. In addition, we noted a trend for memories of inauthentic events to be more likely than controls to use the directive function. These results highlight the importance of an ecological approach to memory as well as the potential adaptive value of recalling inauthentic experiences in developing a coherent sense of self.
HDCR-katalysierte Hydrogenierung von CO2 zum H2-Carrier Ameisensäure
Authors: Müller Volker , Burger Yvonne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydrogen is considered as a game changer in decarbonization and combating global warming crisis. However, transport and storage of the gas are still challenging tasks. We describe here a unique enzyme from acetogenic bacteria that binds H2 to CO2, thereby producing the liquid organic hydrogen carrier formic acid. A whole-cell-system enables high rates of formic acid production as well as hydrogen production from formic acid. Both processes can be timely separated in one operational unit to generate a biobattery to store and release hydrogen on demand.
Gliridae and Eomyidae (Rodentia) of the Miocene Tagay fauna (Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Daxner-Höck Gudrun , Mörs Thomas , Filinov Ivan A. , Shchetnikov Alexander A. , Bayarmaa Baatarjav , Namzalova Oljuna , Erbajeva Margarita A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe small mammals Myomiminae indet. (Gliridae), Leptodontomys cf. gansus Zheng and Li, 1982 (Eomyidae) and the new species Keramidomys sibiricus nov. spec. (Eomyidae) are described. They were collected from six layers of the middle to upper part of the Tagay-1 section on Olkhon Island. The glirid Myomiminae indet. is represented by only a few isolated teeth, the small eomyid Leptodontomys cf. gansus by a mandible with two teeth, and the second small eomyid Keramidomys sibiricus nov. spec. by several isolated teeth and a mandible. The ancestral tooth characteristics of Keramidomys sibiricus nov. spec. indicate an early evolutionary stage of Keramidomys in Asia. The suggested age of the assemblage is Early/Middle Miocene transition.
Multiscale simulation of colloids ingressing porous layers with evolving internal structure
Authors: Nikolopoulos Christos , Eden Michael , Muntean Adrian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report on a reaction-diffusion model posed on multiple spatial scales that accounts for diffusion, aggregation, fragmentation, and deposition of populations of colloidal particles. The model is able to account for the heterogeneity of the internal porous structure of the layer. For simplicity, we represent the microstructures as discs with prescribed initial random distribution of radii. As microstructures grow due to the deposition of populations of colloidal particles, local clogging becomes possible, that is neighbouring disks may touch each other. We investigate how distributions of evolving microstructures influence the transport and storage properties of porous layers. As working tool, we propose a FD-FEM discretization of the multiscale model. We illustrate numerically local clogging effects on the dispersion tensor and quantify herewith the layer’s performance with respect to both the efficiency of the transport and the storage capacity. The presented model and numerical approach can be extended in a rather straightforward way to handle slightly more complex geometrical settings like thin porous structures with multi-layers in 2D, or single layers in 3D.
Values in climate modelling: testing the practical applicability of the Moral Imagination ideal
Authors: Pulkkinen Karoliina , Undorf Sabine , Bender Frida A.-M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is much debate on how social values should influence scientific research. However, the question of practical applicability of philosophers’ normative proposals has received less attention. Here, we test the attainability of Matthew J. Brown’s (2020) Moral Imagination ideal (MI ideal), which aims to help scientists to make warranted value-judgements through reflecting on goals, options, values, and stakeholders of research. Here, the tools of the MI ideal are applied to a climate modelling setting, where researchers are developing aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) parametrizations in an Earth System Model with the broader goal of improving climate sensitivity estimation. After the identification of minor obstacles to applying the MI ideal, we propose two ways to increase its applicability. First, its tools should be accompanied with more concrete guidance for identifying how social values enter more technical decisions in scientific research. Second, since research projects can have multiple goals, examining the alignment between broader societal aims of research and more technical goals should be part of the tools of the MI ideal.
Prediction of transonic wing buffet pressure based on deep learning
Authors: Zahn R. , Breitsamter C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present study, a deep learning approach based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is applied for the prediction of transonic wing buffet pressure. In particular, fluctuations in surface pressure over a certain time period as measured by a piezoresistive pressure sensor, are considered. As a test case, the generic XRF-1 aircraft configuration developed by Airbus is used. The XRF-1 configuration has been investigated at different transonic buffet conditions in the European Transonic Wind tunnel (ETW). During the ETW test campaign, sensor data has been obtained at different local span—and chordwise positions on the lower and upper surface of the wing and the horizontal tail plane. For the training of the neural network, a buffet flow condition with a fixed angle of attack $$\alpha$$
α
and a fixed sensor position on the upper wing surface is considered. Subsequent, the trained network is applied towards different angles of attack and sensor positions considering the flow condition applied for training the network. As a final step, the trained LSTM neural network is used for the prediction of pressure data at a flow condition different from the flow condition considered for training. By comparing the results of the wind tunnel experiment with the results obtained by the neural network, a good agreement is indicated.
Variability and symmetry of gait kinematics under dual-task performance of older patients with depression
Authors: Jungen Pia , Batista João P. , Kirchner Miriam , Habel Ute , Bollheimer L. Cornelius , Huppertz Charlotte 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression in old age is associated with an increased fall risk. Especially in cognitively challenging situations, fall-promoting gait deviations could appear due to depression- and age-related cognitive deficits.

Aim
This study investigates (i) whether there are differences in gait performance between depressed older patients and healthy controls and (ii) if gait patterns aggravate when performing a cognitive task whilst walking.

Methods
16 depressed older patients (mean age: 73.1 ± 5.8 years) and 19 healthy controls (mean age: 73.3 ± 6.1 years) were included in the study. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (speed, stride length, swing time) and minimum toe clearance were recorded using a three-dimensional motion-capture system under a single- and a dual-task condition (counting backwards).

Results
After Bonferroni correction, depressed older patients showed significantly slower walking speed, shorter strides and smaller minimum toe clearance, as well as greater variability in stride length than healthy controls. Under the dual-task, gait performance deteriorated compared with single-task, with slower gait speed, shorter strides, and longer swing time.

Discussion
Slower walking speed and shorter steps of depressed patients may be a strategy to counteract their fall risk. Increased variability suggests a less stable gait pattern in patients, which could be a reason for their increased fall risk.

Conclusions
Depression in old age has a strong effect on gait performance. Possible interventions that might prevent falls in this vulnerable group are discussed. The study was registered at Open Science Framework on May 18, 2021 (publicly accessible May 30, 2023).