bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scaling relation in [C ii]-detected galaxies and its likely application in cosmology
Authors: Wu Yi-Han , Gao Yu , Wang Jun-Feng 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We identify and investigate a possible correlation between the $\rm {[C\,II]} \,158{-}{\mu }m$ luminosity and linewidth in the $\rm {[C\,II]}$-detected galaxies. Observationally, the strength of the $\rm {[C\,II]}\, 158{-}{\mu }m$ emission line is usually stronger than that of the carbon monoxide (CO) emission line and this $\rm {[C\,II]}$ line has been used as another tracer of the galactic characteristics. Moreover, many $\rm {[C\,II]}$-detected galaxies are identified in z &gt; 4. Motivated by previous studies of the CO luminosity–full width at half-maximum correlation relation (LFR) and the available new $\rm {[C\,II]}$ measurements, we compile samples of the $\rm {[C\,II]}$-detected galaxies in the literature and perform the linear regression analysis. The $\rm {[C\,II]}$ LFR is confirmed at a robust level. We also demonstrate the possible application of the $\rm {[C\,II]}$ LFR by utilizing it on the distance measurement of the high-z galaxy. As a result, we extend the cosmic spatial scale beyond the redshift z of 7. With the outcome of the distance measurement, we constrain the cosmology parameters in the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder model, which considers the evolution of dark energy. Consequently, the uncertainties of the w0 and wa are reduced significantly when the measured distance data of the $\rm {[C\,II]}$-detected galaxies are included in the cosmological parameter constraint, exemplifying the potential of using the $\rm {[C\,II]}$-detected galaxies as a tracer to constrain the cosmological parameters.
Filament formation via collision-induced magnetic reconnection – formation of a star cluster
Authors: Kong Shuo , Whitworth David J , Smith Rowan J , Hamden Erika T 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
A collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism was recently proposed to explain the formation of a filament in the Orion A molecular cloud. In this mechanism, a collision between two clouds with antiparallel magnetic fields produces a dense filament due to the magnetic tension of the reconnected fields. The filament contains fiber-like sub-structures and is confined by a helical magnetic field. To show whether the dense filament is capable of forming stars, we use the arepo code with sink particles to model star formation following the formation of the CMR-filament. First, the CMR-filament formation is confirmed with arepo. Secondly, the filament is able to form a star cluster after it collapses along its main axis. Compared to the control model without magnetic fields, the CMR model shows two distinctive features. First, the CMR-cluster is confined to a factor of ∼4 smaller volume. The confinement is due to the combination of the helical field and gravity. Secondly, the CMR model has a factor of ∼2 lower star formation rate. The slower star formation is again due to the surface helical field that hinders gas inflow from larger scales. Mass is only supplied to the accreting cluster through streamers.
Ionizing feedback effects on star formation in globular clusters with multiple stellar populations
Authors: Yaghoobi A , Rosdahl J , Calura F , Khalaj P , Haghi H 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Using 3D radiation-hydrodynamical simulations, we study the effects of ionizing radiation on the formation of second-generation (SG) stars in globular clusters (GCs) with multiple stellar populations. In particular, we focus on massive ($10^7 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) and young (40-Myr old) GCs. We consider stellar winds from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, ram pressure, gas accretion on to the cluster, and photo-ionization feedback of binary stars. We find that the stellar luminosity is strong enough to warm and ionize the intracluster medium, but it does not lead to a significant gas expulsion. The cluster can thus retain the ejecta of AGB stars and the accreted pristine gas. In addition, efficient cooling occurs in the central region of the cluster within $50\, \mathrm{Myr}$ from the formation of first generation stars, leading to the formation of SG stars. Our results indicate that the inclusion of photo-ionization does not suppress SG formation, but rather delays it by about $\sim 10\, \mathrm{Myr}$. The time delay depends on the density of the pristine gas, so that a denser medium exhibits a shorter delay in star formation. Moreover, photo-ionization leads to a modest decrease in the total SG mass, compared to a model without it.
Do unequal-mass binary black hole systems have larger χeff? Probing correlations with copulas in gravitational-wave astronomy
Authors: Adamcewicz Christian , Thrane Eric 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The formation history of binary black hole systems is imprinted on the distribution of their masses, spins, and eccentricity. While much has been learned studying these parameters in turn, recent studies have explored the joint distribution of binary black hole parameters in two or more dimensions. Most notably, it has recently been argued that binary black hole mass ratio and effective inspiral spin χeff are anticorrelated. We point out a previously overlooked subtlety in such 2D population studies: in order to conduct a controlled test for correlation, one ought to fix the two marginal distributions – lest the purported correlation be driven by improved fit in just one dimension. We address this subtlety using a tool from applied statistics: the copula density function. We use the previous work correlating mass ratio and χeff as a case study to demonstrate the power of copulas in gravitational-wave astronomy while scrutinizing their astrophysical inferences. Our findings, however, affirm their conclusions that binary black holes with unequal component masses exhibit larger χeff (98.7 per cent credibility). We conclude by discussing potential astrophysical implications of these findings as well as prospects for future studies using copulas.
The influence of the porosity of dust particles on the amplitude of the change in the brightness of a comet
Authors: Wesołowski Marcin , Gronkowski Piotr , Kossacki Konrad J 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The paper presents a new approach to determining the change in the brightness of a comet during an outburst. It was investigated how the porosity of the dust particle translates into an increase in comet brightness during an outburst. It has been shown that the greater the porosity of a given particle, the greater the scattering efficiency, which directly translates into a greater amplitude of the change in the cometary brightness. In the case of dense aggregates with porosity ψ = 0.05, the brightness rate varies from −0.74 to −4.24 mag. In the case of porous agglomerates, the porosity of which is in the range from 0.30 to 0.90, the brightness change ranges from −0.91 to −6.66 mag.
RAiSE: simulation-based analytical model of AGN jets and lobes
Authors: Turner Ross J , Yates-Jones Patrick M , Shabala Stanislav S , Quici Benjamin , Stewart Georgia S C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analytical model for the evolution of extended active galactic nuclei (AGNs) throughout their full lifecycle, including the initial jet expansion, lobe formation, and eventual remnant phases. A particular focus of our contribution is on the early jet expansion phase, which is traditionally not well captured in analytical models. We implement this model within the Radio AGN in Semi-Analytic Environments (RAiSE) framework, and find that the predicted radio source dynamics are in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of both low-powered Fanaroff-Riley Type-I and high-powered Type-II radio lobes. We construct synthetic synchrotron surface brightness images by complementing the original RAiSE model with the magnetic field and shock-acceleration histories of a set of Lagrangian tracer particles taken from an existing hydrodynamic simulation. We show that a single set of particles is sufficient for an accurate description of the dynamics and observable features of Fanaroff-Riley Type-II radio lobes with very different jet parameters and ambient density profile normalizations. Our new model predicts that the lobes of young (≲10 Myr) sources will be both longer and brighter than expected at the same age from existing analytical models, which lack a jet-dominated expansion phase; this finding has important implications for interpretation of radio galaxy observations. The RAiSE code, written in python, is publicly available on github and pypi.
The Magellanic Edges Survey – IV. Complex tidal debris in the SMC outskirts
Authors: Cullinane L R , Mackey A D , Da Costa G S , Koposov S E , Erkal D 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We use data from the Magellanic Edges Survey (MagES) in combination with Gaia EDR3 to study the extreme southern outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), focussing on a field at the eastern end of a long arm-like structure which wraps around the southern periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Unlike the remainder of this structure, which is thought to be comprised of perturbed LMC disc material, the aggregate properties of the field indicate a clear connection with the SMC. We find evidence for two stellar populations in the field: one having properties consistent with the outskirts of the main SMC body, and the other significantly perturbed. The perturbed population is on average ∼0.2 dex more metal-rich, and is located ∼7 kpc in front of the dominant population with a total space velocity relative to the SMC centre of ∼230 km s−1 broadly in the direction of the LMC. We speculate on possible origins for this perturbed population, the most plausible of which is that it comprises debris from the inner SMC that has been recently tidally stripped by interactions with the LMC.
Mechanical effects: challenges for high-field superconducting magnets
Authors: Zhang Xingyi , Qin Jinggang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDue to its clean products and sufficient raw materials, fusion energy is expected to become one of the main solutions of the energy crisis and ensuring the sustainable development of human society, which is a long-term strategic frontier field. The promise of fusion energy is to constrain the motion of high-temperature plasma by the high magnetic field generated by superconducting magnets, and then achieve controllable thermonuclear fusion. Fusion power is proportional to the fourth power of the magnetic field strength. Thus, future commercial fusion reactors need a higher magnetic field as the basis for sustainable development [1].In order to verify the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy, China, the United States, the European Union, Russia et al. have jointly participated in the construction of the International Thermonuclear Fusion Test Reactor (ITER), which is expected to produce the first plasma discharge by 2025 [2]. Currently, China is leading the world in many fields of fusion energy research. For example, the experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST) whole-superconducting Tokamak located at the Institute of Plasma Physics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences has achieved a repeatable world record of stable plasma operation at 120 million degrees Celsius for 101 seconds, which provides a solid foundation for ITER and also China's future Independent Building Fusion Reactor (https://www.cas.cn/syky/202105/t20210528_4790357.shtml). Prof. Jiangang Li, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, participated in and completed the design and construction of EAST plasma facing componments (PFCs) engineering by the support of the national ‘9th five-year plan’ major scientific and technological infrastructure, and presided over the completion of the national ‘11th five-year plan’ major scientific and technological infrastructure—EAST auxiliary heating system project. He also hosted the national ‘13th five-year plan’ major scientific and technological infrastructure—Integrated Research Facility for Critical Systems of fusion reactor comprehensive research facility for fusion technology (CRAFT). Many important scientific and technological problems have been solved and overcome by Prof. Li and his co-workers, which puts China's plasma physics research and fusion engineering technology at the forefront of global engineering.
Computational simulations of the effects of gravity on lymphatic transport
Authors: Li Huabing , Wei Huajian , Padera Timothy P , Baish James W , Munn Lance L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Physical forces, including mechanical stretch, fluid pressure, and shear forces alter lymphatic vessel contractions and lymph flow. Gravitational forces can affect these forces, resulting in altered lymphatic transport, but the mechanisms involved have not been studied in detail. Here, we combine a lattice Boltzmann-based fluid dynamics computational model with known lymphatic mechanobiological mechanisms to investigate the movement of fluid through a lymphatic vessel under the effects of gravity that may either oppose or assist flow. Regularly spaced, mechanical bi-leaflet valves in the vessel enforce net positive flow as the vessel walls contract autonomously in response to calcium and nitric oxide (NO) levels regulated by vessel stretch and shear stress levels. We find that large gravitational forces opposing flow can stall the contractions, leading to no net flow, but transient mechanical perturbations can re-establish pumping. In the case of gravity strongly assisting flow, the contractions also cease due to high shear stress and NO production, which dilates the vessel to allow gravity-driven flow. In the intermediate range of oppositional gravity forces, the vessel actively contracts to offset nominal gravity levels or to modestly assist the favorable hydrostatic pressure gradients.
Antipsychotic Maintenance Treatment for Patients With Schizophrenia: The Need for Placebo-Controlled Trials and The Risk of Paradigm Shifts
Authors: Lawrence Ryan E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
There is limited evidence guiding clinicians and patients on how long to continue antipsychotic medication beyond the first 1–2 years of treatment. Data from long-term (beyond 2 years) placebo-controlled trials would be informative but would be resource-intensive and technically difficult to obtain. Philosophy and history offer perspective on whether schizophrenia researchers should invest in such trials.

Study Design
Essay.

Results
In Descartes’ model of science, knowledge grows by accumulation and evolves from simpler toward more complex areas. From this perspective, the most important questions are when and how to build this evidence base. In Kuhn’s model of science, paradigm shifts can occur that reframe which questions and answers are meaningful. From this perspective, the question of whether to invest in long-term placebo-controlled trials is especially important. An historical review of schizophrenia over the past century indicates that major paradigm shifts have occurred regarding schizophrenia treatments, what counts as evidence, and the definition of schizophrenia.

Conclusions
While long-term placebo-controlled trials would add value within the current paradigm, if a paradigm shift occurs there is a risk that this value would not be maintained in the new paradigm.
Findings From Implementing a Patient Experience Survey in a Quality Measurement System for Substance Abuse Disorder Treatment Facilities in 6 States
Authors: Zuckerbraun Sara , Eicheldinger Celia , Barch Daniel , Mark Tami , Seibert Julie , Thornburg Vanessa , Carley-Baxter Lisa 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Patient experience surveys (PESs) are an important component of determining the quality of health care. There is an absence of PES data available to people seeking to identify higher quality substance use disorder treatment providers. Our project aimed to correct this by implementing a PES for substance use disorder treatment providers and publicly disseminating PES information.

Methods
We created a population frame of all addiction providers in 6 states. Providers were asked to disseminate a survey invitation letter directing patients to a survey Web site. No personally identifiable information was exchanged. We developed a 10-question survey, reflecting characteristics National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) have identified as reflecting higher-quality addiction treatment.

Results
Nineteen percent of facilities participated; among participating facilities, 9627 patients completed the survey. Patient experience varied significantly by facility with the percentage of a facility’s patients who chose the most positive answer varying widely. We calculated that between-facility reliability will meet or exceed 0.80 for facilities with 20 or more responding patients. We searched for but did not find evidence of data falsification.

Conclusions
This cost-efficient survey protocol is low burden for providers and patients. Results suggest significant differences in quality of care among facilities, and facility-level results are important to provide to consumers when they evaluate the relative patient-reported quality of facilities. The data are not designed to provide population-based statistics. As more facilities and patients per facility participate, public-facing PES data will be increasingly useful to consumers seeking to compare and choose facilities.
Associations Between Distinct Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders and Receipt of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Frost Madeline C. , Hawkins Eric J. , Glass Joseph E. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), having a co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with lower likelihood of receiving OUD treatment medications (MOUD). However, it is unclear how distinct co-occurring SUDs are associated with MOUD receipt. This study examined associations of distinct co-occurring SUDs with initiation and continuation of MOUD among patients with OUD in the national Veterans Health Administration (VA).

Methods
Electronic health record data were extracted for outpatients with OUD who received care August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2017. Analyses were conducted separately among patients without and with prior-year MOUD receipt to examine initiation and continuation, respectively. SUDs were measured using diagnostic codes; MOUD receipt was measured using prescription fills/clinic visits. Adjusted regression models estimated likelihood of following-year MOUD receipt for patients with each co-occurring SUD relative to those without.

Results
Among 23,990 patients without prior-year MOUD receipt, 12% initiated in the following year. Alcohol use disorder (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.90) and cannabis use disorder (aIRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87) were negatively associated with initiation. Among 11,854 patients with prior-year MOUD receipt, 83% continued in the following year. Alcohol use disorder (aIRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.97), amphetamine/other stimulant use disorder (aIRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.99), and cannabis use disorder (aIRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98) were negatively associated with continuation.

Conclusions
In this study of national VA outpatients with OUD, those with certain co-occurring SUDs were less likely to initiate or continue MOUD. Further research is needed to identify barriers related to specific co-occurring SUDs.
Cage Obliquity and Radiological Outcomes in Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Authors: Park Ki-Hoon , Chung Hee-Woong , Lee Han-Dong , Jeon Chang-Hoon , Koh Jeong-hyun , Chung Nam-Su 
Published: October 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective radiological study.

Objective.
This study aimed to examine whether cage obliquity affects radiological outcomes in oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
The OLIF cage enters the disk space in the oblique direction and is then turned to the true orthogonal orientation. However, orthogonal cage placement is often hindered by cage rotation limitations. Few studies have examined the degree of cage obliquity and its effects in OLIF.

Materials and Methods.
This study involved 171 levels in 118 consecutive patients who underwent OLIF between L2–L3 and L4–L5 with a minimum two-year follow-up. Cage obliquity was divided into three groups on postoperative axial computed tomography images; cage obliquity <10° (group 1), cage obliquity ≥10° and <20° (group 2), and cage obliquity ≥20° (group 3). The radiological outcomes included anterior/posterior disk height, intervertebral disk angle, foraminal height, fusion, and cage subsidence. Postoperative complications related to cage obliquity were examined.

Results.
The mean cage obliquity of the 171 cages was 11.3±6.9°. Cage obliquity was greater at the L4–L5 level (13.4±6.4°) than at other levels (L2–L3 and L3–L4: 6.5±7.0° and 10.1±6.2°, respectively) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in radiological outcomes among the groups. There were two cases of postoperative contralateral neurological symptoms in group 3.

Conclusions.
Our study showed that the orthogonal cage rotation in OLIF achieved adequate lateral cage placement. Although accurate cage rotation can be limited at the lower lumbar segments, radiological outcomes were not affected by cage obliquity.