bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic construction of nonautonomous Hamiltonian equations of Painlevé‐type. II. Isomonodromic Lax representation
Authors: Błaszak Maciej , Domański Ziemowit , Marciniak Krzysztof 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is the second article in a suite of articles investigating relations between Stäckel‐type systems and Painlevé‐type systems. In this paper, we construct isomonodromic Lax representations for Painlevé‐type systems found in the previous paper by Frobenius integrable deformations of Stäckel‐type systems. We first construct isomonodromic Lax representations for Painlevé‐type systems in the so‐called magnetic representation and then, using a multitime‐dependent canonical transformation, we also construct isomonodromic Lax representations for Painlevé‐type systems in the nonmagnetic representation. Thus, we prove that the Frobenius integrable systems constructed in Part I are indeed of Painlevé‐type. We also present isomonodromic Lax representations for all one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional Painlevé‐type systems originating in our scheme. Based on these results we propose complete hierarchies of that follow from our construction.
Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise THerapy (STRUETH): cerebrovascular function
Authors: Thomas Hannah J. , Marsh Channa E. , Scurrah Katrina J. , Naylor Louise H. , Smith Kurt J. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe studied monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs following resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training to assess genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrovascular function. Cerebrovascular function (rest, autoregulation, hypercapnia, exercise) was assessed in 86 healthy same‐sex MZ (30 pairs) and DZ (13 pairs) twins, who underwent 3 months of END and RES. Carbon dioxide (), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) were measured and MCAv resistance (MCACVRi) was calculated. Resting MCAv reduced by −2.8 cm/s following RES (P = 0.024), with no change following END (−0.3 cm/s, P = 0.758). Change in MCACVRi following RES was +0.11 mmHg/cm/s (P < 0.001), which was significantly greater than END (+0.02 mmHg/cm/s, P = 0.030). MAP also increased following RES (+4 mmHg, P = 0.010), but not END (+1 mmHg, P = 0.518). No changes were apparent in . At rest, positive response rates following RES ranged from 27 to 71% and from 40 to 64% following END. Intraclass correlations between twins were moderate for most variables at baseline. In response to training, only MZ pairs were significantly correlated for a change in MCAv (P = 0.005) and low frequency phase (P = 0.047) following RES.This study is the first to compare cerebrovascular function following RES and END in MZ and DZ twins. Most individuals who did not respond to one modality were able to respond by switching modality, and baseline heritability estimates were higher than training response. Exercise professionals should therefore consider modality and environmental factors when optimising interventions.Key points
Characterising individual responses to resistance and endurance exercise training can inform optimal strategies for exercise prescription.
This study utilised monozygotic and dizygotic twins in a randomised cross‐over study to determine individual responsiveness to different modalities of exercise training. The influence of environment vs. genetics on cerebrovascular responses to training was determined.
It is apparent that individuals respond differently to distinct exercise stimuli and that switching modality may be a beneficial way to obtain positive responses in cerebrovascular function.
This study has implications for improving individualised exercise prescription to maintain or improve cerebrovascular structure and function.
parC
Variants in Mycoplasma genitalium: Trends over Time and Association with Moxifloxacin Failure
Authors: Murray Gerald L. , Bodiyabadu Kaveesha , Vodstrcil Lenka A. , Machalek Dorothy A. , Danielewski Jennifer , Plummer Erica L. , Garland Suzanne M. , Whiley David M. , Sweeney Emma L. , Bradshaw Catriona S. 
Published: April 2022

Prevalence, trends, and treatment outcome estimates were generated for
parC
variants in macrolide-resistant
Mycoplasma genitalium
. Among 539 cases, the most common amino acid change was S83I, which increased from 13% in 2012 to 2013, to 23% in 2019 to 2020 (
P
trend
= 0.046).
Genetic Variability of the Amur Sleeper (Perccottus glenii) and their Parasite, Cestode (Nippotaenia mogurndae), outside the Natural Area of Distribution
Authors: Alyamkin G. V. , Zhigileva O. N. , Zhokhov A. E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on the polymorphism of multilocus DNA markers (inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)), we assessed the level of genetic variability and differentiation of populations of two invasive species, the Amur sleeper (Percottus glenii) and its specific parasite, Nippotaenia mogurndae, from five reservoirs in the acquired part of the range, the Irtysh River basin, Western Siberia. We revealed a high genetic polymorphism of neutral DNA markers in P. glenii. In general, the proportion of polymorphic loci was 92%, the average heterozygosity was 0.32. These parameters were lower in particular populations of P. glenii and varied within 53–74% and 0.20–0.23, respectively. The interpopulation component accounted for approximately 35% of the variability (GST = 0.35). In N. mogurndae, polymorphism was 73.7%, heterozygosity was 0.18, varying within 18–45% and 0.06–0.15, depending on the population. The level of genetic differentiation of N. mogurndae (GST = 0.38) was similar to that of P. glenii, which indicates that the processes of genetic differentiation of the parasite and the host are synchronous. Polymorphism and genetic distances of the parasite were lower than those of the host. The population genetic structure of P. glenii was partially consistent with the structure of the hydrographic network, in contrast to N. mogurndae. The data obtained indicate that during dispersal, no significant reduction in genetic polymorphism occurred in the Amur sleeper, and over several decades a population-genetic structure characteristic of this species in the native range was formed in the acquired part of the range.
Directly observed therapy for resistant/refractory hypertension diagnosis and blood pressure control
Authors: Pio-Abreu Andrea , Trani-Ferreira Fernanda , Silva Giovanio V , Bortolotto Luiz A , Drager Luciano F 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo test the impact of directly observed therapy (DOT) at hospital for checking not only adherence/diagnosis in patients with resistant (RHTN) and refractory (RefHTN) hypertension but also blood pressure (BP) control after hospital discharge.MethodsDuring 2 years, Brazilian patients with clinical suspicion of RHTN/RefHTN after several attempts (≥3) to control BP in the outpatient setting were invited to perform DOT (including low-sodium diet and supervised medications intake) at the hospital. RHTN and RefHTN were categorised using standard definitions. After hospital discharge, we evaluated the BP values and the number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed by physicians who were not involved with the investigation.ResultsWe studied 83 patients clinically suspected for RHTN (31%) and RefHTN (69%) (mean age: 53 years; 76% female; systolic BP 177±28 mm Hg and diastolic BP 106±21 mm Hg; number of antihypertensive drugs: 5.3±1.3). DOT confirmed RHTN in 77%, whereas RefHTN was confirmed in only 32.5%. The number of antihypertensive drugs reduced to 4.5±1.3 and systolic/diastolic BP at hospital discharge reduced to 131±17 mm Hg/80±12 mm Hg. After hospital discharge, systolic BP remained significantly lower than the last outpatient visit prehospital admission (delta changes (95% CI): 1 month: −25.7 (−33.8 to −17.6) mm Hg; 7 months: −27.3 (−35.5 to −19.1) mm Hg) despite fewer number of antihypertensive classes (1 month: −1.01 (−1.36 to −0.67); 7 months: −0.77 (−1.11 to −0.42)). Similar reductions were observed for diastolic BP.ConclusionsDOT at hospital is helpful not only in confirming/excluding RHTN/RefHTN phenotypes, but also in improving BP values and BP control and in reducing the need for antihypertensive drugs after hospital discharge.
Patients with HIV-associated cancers have evidence of increased T cell dysfunction and exhaustion prior to cancer diagnosis
Authors: Chaudhary Omkar , Trotta Diane , Wang Kaicheng , Wang Xun , Chu Xiuping , Bradley Chip , Okulicz Jason , Maves Ryan C , Kronmann Karl , Schofield Christina M , Blaylock Jason M , Deng Yanhong , Schalper Kurt A , Kaech Susan M , Agan Brian , Ganesan Anuradha , Emu Brinda 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk of developing cancers after controlling traditional risk factors and viral suppression. This study explores whether T cells can serve as a marker of risk for cancer among HIV-infected virally suppressed patients.MethodsA nested case control study design was pursued with 17 cancer cases and 73 controls (PLWH without cancer)ouidentified among the US Military HIV Natural History Study cohort, and were matched for CD4 + count, duration of HIV infection, and viral suppression. Cells were obtained from PLWH on an average of 12 months prior to clinical cancer diagnosis. Expression of inhibitory receptors (PD-1, CD160, CD244, Lag-3, and TIGIT), and transcription factors (T-bet, Eomesodermin, TCF-1, and (TOX) was measured on CD8 +T cells from that early time point.ResultsWe found that cases have increased expression of PD-1 +CD160+CD244+ (‘triple positive’) on total and effector CD8 + compared with controls (p=0.02). Furthermore, CD8 +T cells that were both PD-1 +CD160+CD244+ and T-betdimEomeshiwere significantly elevated in cases at time point before cancer detection, compared with controls without cancer (p=0.008). This was driven by the finding that transcriptional factor profile of cells was altered in cancers compared with controls. Triple-positive cells were noted to retain the ability for cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion mediated by expression of CD160 and PD-1, respectively. However, triple-positive cells demonstrated high expression of TOX-1, a transcription factor associated with T cell exhaustion.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have found a subset of dysfunctional CD8 +T cells, PD-1 +CD160+CD244+T-betdimEomeshi, that is elevated 12 months before cancer diagnosis, suggesting that peripheral T cell alterations may serve as a biomarker of increased cancer risk among PLWH.
Isospin extrapolation as a method to study inclusive $${\overline{B}} \rightarrow X_{s} \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-} $$ decays
Authors: Amhis Yasmine , Owen Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel approach to reconstruct inclusive $${\overline{B}} \rightarrow X_{s} \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays is presented. The method relies on isopsin symmetry to extrapolate the semi-inclusive signature $$X_{b}\rightarrow K^{+} \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-} X$$

X
b

→

K
+

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

X

to the fully inclusive rate in $${{B} ^+} $$

B

+

and $${B} ^0$$

B

0

decays. We investigate the possibility to measure branching fractions and other observables such as lepton universality ratios and $$C\!P$$

C

P

asymmetries. As a proof of concept, fast simulation is used to compare the $$X_{b}\rightarrow K^{+} \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-} X$$

X
b

→

K
+

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

X

signature with a fully inclusive approach. Several experimental advantages are seen which have the potential to make measurements of inclusive $${\overline{B}} \rightarrow X_{s} \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays tractable at a hadron collider.
Redirecting T-cell Activity with Anti-BCMA/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Antibodies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other B-cell Lymphomas
Authors: Martens Anne W.J. , Rietveld Joanne M. , de Boer Renate , Peters Fleur S. , Ngo An , van Mil Lotte W.H.G. , de Heer Koen , Spaargaren Marcel , Verkleij Christie P.M. , van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Adams Homer C. , Eldering Eric , van Noesel Carel J.M. , Verona Raluca , Kater Arnon P. 
Published: April 2022

T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies hold high promise for treatment of B-cell malignancies. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) exhibits high expression on normal and malignant mature B cells including plasma cells, which can be enhanced by inhibition of γ-secretase. BCMA is considered a validated target in multiple myeloma but whether mature B-cell lymphomas can be targeted by the BCMAxCD3 T-cell redirector teclistamab is currently unknown. BCMA expression on B-cell non–Hodgkin lymphoma and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells was assessed by flow cytometry and/or IHC. To assess teclistamab efficacy, cells were treated with teclistamab in presence of effector cells with/without γ-secretase inhibition. BCMA could be detected on all tested mature B-cell malignancy cell lines, while expression levels varied per tumor type. γ-secretase inhibition universally increased BCMA surface expression. These data were corroborated in primary samples from patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, CLL, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Functional studies with the B-cell lymphoma cell lines revealed teclistamab-mediated T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. This was independent of the level of BCMA expression, but generally lower in mature B-cell malignancies compared with multiple myeloma. Despite low BCMA levels, healthy donor T cells and CLL-derived T cells induced lysis of (autologous) CLL cells upon addition of teclistamab. These data show that BCMA is expressed on various B-cell malignancies and that lymphoma cell lines and primary CLL can be targeted using teclistamab. Further studies to understand the determinants of response to teclistamab are required to identify which other diseases might be suitable for teclistamab targeting.Significance:Besides reported BCMA expression on multiple myeloma, we demonstrate BCMA can be detected and enhanced using γ-secretase inhibition on cell lines and primary material of various B-cell malignancies. Furthermore, using CLL we demonstrate that low BCMA-expressing tumors can be targeted efficiently using the BCMAxCD3 DuoBody teclistamab.
Intramural Needle Ablation for Refractory Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Nakamura Tomofumi , Nakajima Ikutaro , Oates Connor , Narui Ryohsuke , Tanigawa Shinichi , Sljapic Tatjana , Whang William , Koruth Jacob S. , Choudry Subbarao , Schaeffer Benjamin , Fujii Akira , Tedrow Usha B. , Sapp John L. , Stevenson William G. , Reddy Vivek Y. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are often amenable to catheter ablation. However, a deep intramural focus may lead to failure due to inability of standard ablation techniques to penetrate the focus. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of infusion needle ablation (INA) for PVCs that are refractory to standard radiofrequency ablation.

Methods:
Under 2 Food and Drug Administration approved protocols, INA was evaluated in patients with frequent PVCs that were refractory to standard ablation. Initial targets for ablation were selected by standard mapping techniques. INA was performed with a deflectable catheter equipped with an extendable/retractable needle at the tip that can be extended up to 12 mm into the myocardium and is capable of pacing and recording. After contrast injection for location assessment, radiofrequency ablation was performed with the needle tip using a temperature-controlled mode (maximum temperature 60 °C) with saline infusion from the needle. The primary end point was a decrease in PVC burden to <5000/24 hours at 6 months. The primary safety end point was incidence of procedure- or device-related serious adverse events.

Results:

At 4 centers, 35 patients (age 55.3±16.9 years, 74.2% male) underwent INA. The baseline median PVC burden was 25.4% (interquartile range, 18.4%–33.9%) and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 37.7±12.3%. Delivering 10.3±8.0 INA lesions/patient (91% had adjunctive standard radiofrequency ablation also) resulted in acute PVC elimination in 71.4%. After a mean follow-up of 156±109 days, the primary efficacy end point was met in 73.3%. The median PVC burden decreased to 0.8% (interquartile range, 0.1%–6.0%;
P
<0.001). The primary safety end point occurred in 14.3% consisting of 1 (2.9%) heart block, 1 (2.9%) femoral artery dissection, and 3 (8.6%) pericardial effusions (all treated percutaneously).

Conclusions:
INA is effective for the elimination of frequent PVCs that are refractory to conventional ablation and is associated with an acceptable safety profile.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01791543 and NCT03204981.
Intuitive Sociology: Children Recognize Decision-Making Structures and Prefer Groups With Less-Concentrated Power
Authors: Thomas Ashley J. , Mitchell Vivian , Sumner Emily , Terrizzi Brandon F. , Piff Paul K. , Sarnecka Barbara W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
From an early age, children recognize that people belong to social groups. However, not all groups are structured in the same way. The current study asked whether children recognize and distinguish among different decision-making structures. If so, do they prefer some decision-making structures over others? In these studies, children were told stories about two groups that went camping. In the hierarchical group, one character made all the decisions; in the egalitarian group, each group member made one decision. Without being given explicit information about the group’s structures, 6- to 8-year-old children, but not 4- and 5-year-old children, recognized that the two groups had different decision-making structures and preferred to interact with the group where decision-making was shared. Children also inferred that a new member of the egalitarian group would be more generous than a new member of the hierarchical group. Thus, from an early age, children’s social reasoning includes the ability to compare social structures, which may be foundational for later complex political and moral reasoning.
Projected Changes in Atmospheric Ridges over the Pacific–North American Region Using CMIP6 Models
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Singh Deepti , Taylor Graham P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Projected changes in atmospheric ridges and associated temperature and precipitation anomalies are assessed for the end of the twenty-first century in a suite of 27 models contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under a high-end emissions scenario over the Pacific–North American region. Ridges are defined as spatially coherent regions of positive zonal anomalies in 500-hPa geopotential height. The frequency of ridge days in the historical period varies by geography and season; however, ridge days are broadly more common over the region in winter and least common in summer. The CMIP6 models are credible in reproducing key features of reanalysis-derived ridge climatology. The CMIP6 models also reproduce historical temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with ridges. These associations include positive temperature anomalies over and to the west/northwest of the ridge peak and negative precipitation anomalies southeast of the ridge peak. Future projections show a general decrease in ridge days across most of the region in fall through spring, with considerable model agreement. Projections for summer are different, with robust projections of increases in the number of ridge days across parts of the interior western United States and Canada. The CMIP6 models project modest decreases in the probability of stronger ridges and modest increases in the probability of weaker ridges in fall and winter. Future ridges show similar temperature and precipitation anomaly associations as in the historical climate period, when future anomalies are computed relative to future climatology.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric ridges over the Pacific–North American region are a type of atmospheric circulation pattern associated with important weather and climate impacts. These impacts include heatwaves and drought. This study uses climate models to understand how ridges and their impacts may change under future climate warming. The results suggest that ridge days will be less common across parts of the domain in fall, winter, and spring. In summer, an increase in ridge days is projected in a region centered on Montana. Results suggest that temperature and precipitation patterns associated with ridges will change at a similar rate to the overall mean climate. This work provides evidence that continued climate warming will alter atmospheric circulation over the Pacific–North American region in complex ways.
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Post-Operative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Rubel Kolin E. , Rodman Cole P. , Jones Alex , Sharma Dhruv , Campiti Vince , Falls Megan , Bolujo Ife , Ting Jonathan Y. , Illing Elisa A. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its associated immune dysfunction are well-studied risk factors for adverse surgical outcomes. The literature regarding endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is less robust and there have been conflicting reports on post-operative complications and surgical results in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of diabetes mellitus on outcomes after ESS via rates of post-operative medical intervention in the first 6 months after surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 176 subjects who underwent ESS from 2015 to 2019 at a single institution by 2 fellowship-trained rhinologists. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, those with a documented Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >6.5 or diagnosis of DM and those with HbA1C < 6.5. Patient age, demographics, 6-month preoperative HbA1c, surgical status and extent, and 6-monthpostoperative need for steroids and/or antibiotics were collected. Results: Out of n = 176 total patients, n = 39 (22.2%) were categorized into the DM group, which were older (46.4 vs 53.8 years, P = .004) and higher proportion of white patients (89.7% vs 68.6%, P = .008). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in proportion of revision surgery, surgical extent, and post-operative use of antibiotics or steroids. When including all variables in binary logistic regression for use of postoperative antibiotics or steroids, the only significant variable predicting these outcomes was the extent of surgical resection including sphenoid sinus ( P = .001, OR [95% CI] = 4.02 [1.73-9.34]) or frontal sinus ( P < .001, OR [95% CI = 9.86 [4.00-24.33]). Conclusions: Patients with DM do not appear to have worse post-operative outcomes outside of the initial 6-month postoperative period.