bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using memes to promote student engagement and classroom community during remote learning
Authors: Tu Kevin , Sun Angela , Levin Daniel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs colleges moved to online teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic, many instructors found it difficult to maintain student engagement and classroom community in the virtual environment. We developed a semester‐long activity for a molecular biology research methodology course where students created, and shared original memes related to course content with peers through group chat. Surveys and semi‐structured interviews revealed that the exercise was effective in promoting student engagement, a sense of community, and relieving stress.
Characterization of CPH:SA microparticle‐based delivery of interleukin‐1 alpha for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hasibuzzaman M. M. , He Rui , Khan Ishrat Nourin , Sabharwal Rasna , Salem Aliasger K. , Simons‐Burnett Andrean Llewela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that can activate immune effector cells and trigger anti‐tumor immune responses. However, dose‐limiting toxicities including cytokine storm and hypotension has limited its use in the clinic as a cancer therapy. We propose that polymeric microparticle (MP)‐based delivery of IL‐1α will suppress the acute pro‐inflammatory side effects by allowing for slow and controlled release of IL‐1α systemically, while simultaneously triggering an anti‐tumor immune response.MethodsPolyanhydride copolymers composed of 1,6‐bis‐(p‐carboxyphenoxy)‐hexane:sebacic 20:80 (CPH:SA 20:80) was utilized to fabricate MPs. Recombinant IL‐1α (rIL‐1α) was encapsulated into CPH:SA 20:80 MPs (IL‐1α‐MPs) and the MPs were characterized by size, charge, loading efficiency, and in‐vitro release and activity of IL‐1α. IL‐1α‐MPs were injected intraperitonially into head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)‐bearing C57Bl/6 mice and monitored for changes in weight, tumor growth, circulating cytokines/chemokines, hepatic and kidney enzymes, blood pressure, heart rate, and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells.ResultsCPH:SA IL‐1α‐MPs demonstrated sustained release kinetics of IL‐1α (100% protein released over 8–10 days) accompanied by minimal weight loss and systemic inflammation compared to rIL‐1α‐treated mice. Blood pressure measured by radiotelemetry in conscious mice demonstrates that rIL‐1α‐induced hypotension was prevented in IL‐1α‐MP‐treated mice. Liver and kidney enzymes were within normal range for all control and cytokine‐treated mice. Both rIL‐1α and IL‐1α‐MP‐treated mice showed similar delays in tumor growth and similar increases in tumor‐infiltrating CD3+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.ConclusionsCPH:SA‐based IL‐1α‐MPs generated a slow and sustained systemic release of IL‐1α resulting in reduced weight loss, systemic inflammation, and hypotension accompanied by an adequate anti‐tumor immune response in HNSCC‐tumor bearing mice. Therefore, MPs based on CPH:SA formulations may be promising as delivery vehicles for IL‐1α to achieve safe, effective, and durable antitumor responses for HNSCC patients.
Prognostic nomogram based on the lymph node metastasis indicators for patients with bladder cancer: A SEER population‐based study and external validation
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang Yicun , Hu Xiaopeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the prognostic value of multiple lymph node metastasis (LNM) indicators and to develop optimal prognostic nomograms for bladder cancer (BC) patients.MethodsBC patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015, and randomly partitioned into training and internal validation cohorts. Genomic and clinical data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as external validation cohort. The predictive efficiency of LNM indicators was compared by constructing multivariate Cox regression models. We constructed nomograms on basis of the optimal models selected for overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS). The performance of nomograms was evaluated with calibration plot, time‐dependent area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in three cohorts. We subsequently estimated the difference of biological function and tumor immunity between two risk groups stratified by nomograms in TCGA cohort.ResultsTotally, 10,093 and 107 BC patients were screened from the SEER and TCGA databases. N classification, positive lymph nodes (PLNs), lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) were all independent predictors for OS and CSS. The filtered models containing LODDS had minimal Akaike Information Criterion, maximal concordance indexes and AUCs. Age, LODDS, T and M classification were integrated into nomogram for OS, while nomogram for CSS included gender, tumor grade, LODDS, T and M classification. The nomograms were successfully validated in predictive accuracy and clinical utility in three cohorts. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment was different between two risk groups.ConclusionsLODDS demonstrated superior prognostic performance over N classification, PLN and LNR for OS and CSS of BC patients. The nomograms incorporating LODDS provided appropriate prediction of BC, which could contribute to the tumor assessment and clinical decision‐making.
Preoperative systemic immune‐inflammation index as a significant prognostic factor after TURBT in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective study based on propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ding Li , Wang Xiangbu , Deng Xiaobin , Xia Wentao , Wang Kun , Yu Xianlin , Huang Yaotian , Wang Junqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of the preoperative systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.MethodsThe clinicopathological characteristics and follow‐up data of NMIBC patients were collected retrospectively from two tertiary medical centers. A 1:1 PSM analysis was carried out using the nearest‐neighbor method (caliper size: 0.02). Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with RFS.ResultsA total of 416 NMIBC patients were included in this study. Before and after matching, patients with increased SII had worse RFS (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Multivariate Cox analysis identified SII as an independent predictor of RFS before (HR [95% CI]: 1.789 [1.232, 2.599], p = 0.002) and after matching (HR [95% CI]: 1.646 [1.077, 2.515], p = 0.021). In the matched subgroup analysis, an elevated SII had a significant association with postoperative worse RFS in the T1 stage (p = 0.025), primary status (p = 0.049), high‐grade (p = 0.0015), and multiple lesions (p = 0.043) subgroups.ConclusionSII could accurately stratify the prognosis of NMIBC patients before and after PSM analysis. An elevated SII was significantly associated with worse RFS in NMIBC patients.
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Anti‐Inflammatory Compounds from Centrosema coriaceum using GC/MS, UFLC‐QTOF‐MS, and FACE
Authors: Lemos Ari S. O. , Campos Lara M. , Souza Thalita F. , Paula Priscila L. , Da Silva João Victor G. , Coimbra Elaine S. , Hottz Eugenio D. , Dib Paula R. B. , Aguiar Jair A. K. , Grazul Richard M. , Chedier Luciana M. , Fabri Rodrigo L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, natural products with biological activities have been increasingly researched. The elucidation of phytoconstituents is necessary for the development of drugs as a natural alternative for the treatment of various diseases. The work aimed to evaluate in vitro and in silico bioactivities of hexane (CCHE) and methanol (CCME) fractions of ethanolic extract from Centrosema coriaceum Benth (Fabaceae) leaves and elucidate their phytoconstituents. CCHE and CCME showed antifungal activity for Candida glabrata (MIC of 1000 μg/mL) with fungistatic effect and action in cell envelope by sorbitol and ergosterol assays. CCHE and CCME presented promising antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical with IC50 of 13.61±0.50 and 6.31±0.40 μg/mL, respectively, and relative antioxidant activity (RAA%) of 45.77±3.61/ 28.53±2.25 % for CCHE and 82.18±2.25/51.99±3.23 % for CCME when compared to rutin and quercetin, respectively. Moreover, these fractions demonstrated promising results for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β‐carotene/linoleic acid assay. For anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities, CCHE and CCME significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and TNF‐α, without toxicity on murine intraperitoneal macrophages, respectively. Esters, alkanes, steroids, tocopherols, and terpenes were identified in CCHE by GC/MS. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and disaccharides were detected in CCME by UFLC‐QTOF‐MS and FACE. Furthermore, rutin was purified from CCME. In silico predictions evidenced that compounds present in both fractions have high affinity to the fungal membrane besides antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Based on these observations, CCHE and CCME have a noteworthy potential for the design of novel antifungal and anti‐inflammatory agents that should be explored in future studies.
Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Apoptotic Properties of Extracts ofAndricus sternlichtigalls and Their Phenolic Characterisation by HPLC
Authors: Kılınçarslan Aksoy Özge , Seçme Mücahit , Mammadov Ramazan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuercusL. galls have been used in Western and Eastern cultures for various diseases in traditional medicine. Galls are also used in the East for many purposes, including consumption as food, commercial inks, leather tanning. In the current study,Andricus sternlichtiBellido, Pujade‐Villar & Melika, 2003 galls were extracted in different solvents. The possible antioxidant effects of gall extracts were determined using 7 different methods (β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, CUPRAC and FRAP assay, Metal Chelating activity) to support each other. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin amounts of extracts are calculated by using standard curves. In addition, HPLC method used to characterize the phenolic component with 15 different standards. The MIA PaCa‐2 cell lines was preferred to identify possible cytotoxic activities of galls. Expression of some genes (Bax,Bcl‐2,FAS,BID,caspase‐3,caspase‐8,caspase‐9,caspase‐10,FADD,TRADD) role in the apoptosis was determined to investigate apoptotic effects of extracts. According the results, the gall extracts ofA. sternlichtimay be considered as a potential source of biological agents for their antioxidant capacity and rich bioactive compounds. The gall extracts exhibit antiproliferative activity via regulating expressions of apoptotic genes.
TBADT‐Mediated C‐C Bond Formation Exploiting Aryl Aldehydes in a Photochemical Flow Reactor
Authors: Cruise Adam , Baumann Marcus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA robust and general photochemical process is reported converting various aryl aldehydes into β‐ketonitriles and related species. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) is used as photocatalyst in combination with a high‐power LED emitting at 365 nm. Standardization and scalability are enabled by using a flow reactor platform integrating the LED light source placed within an encased reactor coil. Under optimized conditions a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes is reacted with acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and phenyl vinyl sulfone to give the desired products in high yields, short residence times of 5–30 minutes and a throughput of up to 41 mmol/h. This continuous process overcomes limitations previously encountered for aromatic substrates and represents an effective means to generate a variety of difunctionalized building blocks for further elaborations with an ideal atom economy.
Fast quantification of diclofenac sodium content in commercially available tablets by transmission Raman spectroscopy with PLS
Authors: Zhao Xuejia , Wang Ning , Liu Yitong , Jiang Yifei , Sun Shengnan , Wang Xiaohui , Yao Jing , Shan Guangzhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new technology based on transmission Raman spectroscopy was developed for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in commercially available tablets using chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS). Based on multifactor orthogonal design of experiment (DOE), we established an initial model consisting of 150 handmade tablets. By adding only two commercially available tablets spectra to the initial model, it was successfully applied to the determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of three commercially available diclofenac sodium tablets. The results showed that the relative error of content measured by TRS for three brands of tablets was less than 4% and the RSD of 20 commercially available tablets under brand of Ouyi was 0.49%. The method can ensure high accuracy and good repeatability in rapid nondestructive quantitative analysis and can be used as a new technology for quality control on production lines to monitor drugs in real time.
Layered‐residual herbicide programs for waterhemp control in glufosinate‐resistant soybean
Authors: Arneson Nicholas J. , Smith Daniel H. , DeWerff Ryan P. , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

Core Ideas
Glufosinate is an important POST herbicide for waterhemp control in glufosinate‐resistant soybean.
The layered‐residual herbicide approach improved season‐long waterhemp control.
Glufosinate POST combined with layered soil residual herbicides improved season‐long waterhemp control.
Glufosinate is an important POST herbicide for waterhemp control in glufosinate‐resistant soybean.
The layered‐residual herbicide approach improved season‐long waterhemp control.
Glufosinate POST combined with layered soil residual herbicides improved season‐long waterhemp control.
Three‐ and Five‐Membered Anionic Chains of Pnictogenylboranes
Authors: Moussa Mehdi Elsayed , Kahoun Tobias , Marquardt Christian , Ackermann Matthias T. , Hegen Oliver , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Virovets Alexander V. , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn unprecedented family of three‐ and five‐membered substituted anionic derivatives of parent pnictogenylboranes is herein reported. Reacting various combinations of the pnictogenylboranes H2E′−BH2−NMe3 (E′=P, As) with pnictogen‐based nucleophiles MER1R2 (E=P, As; R1=H, R2=tBu; R1=R2=Ph; M=Na, K) allows for the isolation of the unsymmetrical products [Na(18‐crown‐6)][H2E′−BH2−EHtBu] (3: E=E′=P; 4: E=E′=As; 5: E=As, E′=P) and [M(C)][H2E′−BH2−EPh2] (7: E=E′=P, M=Na, C=18‐crown‐6; 8: E=E′=As; M=K, C=[2.2.2]cryptand; 9: E=P, E′=As, M=Na, C=[2.2.2]cryptand; 10: E=As, E′=P, M=K, C=[2.2.2]cryptand). [Na(18‐crown‐6)][H2As−BH2‐tBuPH−BH3] (6) is only accessible by a different pathway, using tBuPH2, BH3 ⋅ SMe2 and NaNH2 as starting materials. Additionally, the synthesis of symmetrical diphenyl‐substituted compounds [M(18‐crown‐6)][Ph2E−BH2−EPh2] (11: E=P, M=Na; 12: E=As, M=K) is reported which can be regarded as isostructural inorganic, negatively charged analogs of dppm (1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) and dpam (1,1‐bis(diphenylarsino)methane). Furthermore, an elongation of the pnictogen boron backbone in compounds 3, 7 and 9′ (similar compound to 9, stabilized however by 18‐crown‐6), is attainable by reacting them with the pnictogenylboranes H2E′−BH2−NMe3 leading to corresponding five‐membered chain‐like compounds [Na(18‐crown‐6)][H2E−BH2−R1R2P−BH2−E′H2] (E=E′=P, R1=H, R2=tBu (13); E=E′=P, R1=R2=Ph (14); E=E′=As, R1=R2=Ph (15); E=P, E′=As, R1=R2=Ph (16)). Finally, the thermodynamics of the reaction pathways were evaluated by quantum chemical computations.
LiHMDS‐Mediated Deprotonative Coupling of Toluenes with Ketones
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kajima Akihisa , Toyama Eito , Korenaga Toshinobu , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki , Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) acts as an effective base for deprotonative coupling reactions of toluenes with ketones to afford stilbenes. Various functionalities (halogen, OCF3, amide, Me, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, SMe, and SPh) are allowed on the toluenes. Notably, this system proved successful with low‐reactive toluenes bearing a large pKa value compared to that of the conjugate acid of LiHMDS (hexamethyldisilazane, 25.8, THF), as demonstrated by 4‐phenyltoluene (38.57, THF) and toluene itself (∼43, DMSO).
Preparation and Functionalization of Mono‐ and Polyfluoroepoxides via Fluoroalkylation of Carbonyl Electrophiles
Authors: Guo Shuo , Sun Wei , Tucker Joseph W. , Hesp Kevin D. , Szymczak Nathaniel K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe outline a new synthetic method to prepare mono‐ and polyfluoroepoxides from a diverse pool of electrophiles (ketones, acyl chlorides, esters) and fluoroalkyl anion equivalents. The initially formed α‐fluoro alkoxides undergo subsequent intramolecular ring closure when heated. We demonstrated the versatility of the method through the isolation of 16 mono‐ and polyfluoroepoxide products. These compounds provide unique entry points for further diversification via either fluoride migration coupled with ring opening, or defluorinative functionalization reactions, the latter of which can be used as a late‐stage method to install select bioactive moieties. The reaction sequences described herein provide a pathway to functionalize the commonly observed products formed from 1,2‐addition into carbonyl electrophiles
Circularly polarized luminescence in molecular recognition systems: Recent achievements
Authors: Takaishi Kazuto , Maeda Chihiro , Ema Tadashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) dyes are recognized to be new generation materials and have been actively developed. Molecular recognition systems provide nice approaches to novel CPL materials, such as stimuli‐responsive switches and chemical sensing materials. CPL may be induced simply by mixing chiral or achiral, luminescent or nonluminescent host and guest; there are several combinations. Molecular recognition can potentially save time and effort to construct well‐ordered chiral structures with noncovalent attractive interactions as compared with the multi‐step synthesis of covalently bonded dyes. It is a challenging subject to engage molecular recognition events with CPL, and it is important and interesting to see how it is achieved. In fact, simple molecular recognition systems can even enable the fine adjustment of CPL performance and detailed conformational/configurational analysis of the excited state. Here we overview the recent achievements of simple host–guest complexes capable of exhibiting CPL, summarizing concisely the host/guest structures, CPL intensities, and characteristics.
Use of machine learning models to predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Li Rong , Shen Lan , Ma Wenyan , Yan Bo , Chen Wenchang , Zhu Jie , Li Linfeng , Yuan Junyi , Pan Changqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular diseases are a significant health burden with the prevalence increasing worldwide. Thus, a highly accurate assessment and prediction of death risk are crucial to meet the clinical demand. This study sought to develop and validate a model to predict in‐hospital mortality among patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using nonlinear algorithms.MethodsA total of 2414 ACS patients were enrolled in this study. All samples were divided into five groups for cross‐validation. The logistic regression (LR) model and XGboost model were applied to predict in‐hospital mortality. The results of two models were compared between the variable set by the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score and the selected variable set.ResultsThe in‐hospital mortality rate was 3.5% in the dataset. Model performance on the selected variable set was better than that on GRACE variables: a 3% increase in area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for LR and 1.3% for XGBoost. The AUC of XGBoost is 0.913 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.910–0.916), demonstrating a better discrimination ability than LR (AUC = 0.904, 95% CI: 0.902–0.905) on the selected variable set. Almost perfect calibration was found in XGBoost (slope of predicted to observed events, 1.08; intercept, −0.103; p < .001).ConclusionsXGboost modeling, an advanced machine learning algorithm, identifies new variables and provides high accuracy for the prediction of in‐hospital mortality in ACS patients.
Triple combination targeting methyltransferase, BCL‐2, and PD‐1 facilitates antileukemia responses in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zeng Zhihong , Maiti Abhishek , Herbrich Shelley , Cai Tianyu , Cavazos Antonio , Manzella Taylor , Ma Helen , Hayes Kala , Matthews Jairo , DiNardo Courtney D. , Daver Naval G. , Konopleva Marina Y. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA recent breakthrough therapy combining the BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) targeting DNA methyltransferase has improved outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the responses and long‐term survival in older/unfit patients and in patients with relapsed/refractory AML remain suboptimal. Recent studies showed that inhibition of BCL‐2 or DNA methyltransferase modulates AML T‐cell immunity.MethodsBy using flow cytometry and time‐of‐flight mass cytometry, the authors examined the effects of the HMA decitabine combined with the BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax (DAC/VEN therapy) on leukemia cells and T cells in patients with AML who received DAC/VEN therapy in a clinical trial. The authors investigated the response of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibition in the DAC/VEN–treated samples in vitro and investigated the triple combination of PD‐1 inhibition with HMA/venetoclax in the trial patients who had AML.ResultsDAC/VEN therapy effectively targeted leukemia cells and upregulated the expression of the immune checkpoint‐inhibitory receptor PD‐1 in T cells while preserving CD4‐positive and CD8‐positive memory T cells in a subset of patients with AML who were tested. In vitro PD‐1 inhibition potentiated the antileukemia response in DAC/VEN–treated AML samples. The combined use of azacitidine, venetoclax, and nivolumab eliminated circulating blasts and leukemia stem cells/progenitor cells and expanded the percentage of CD8‐positive memory T cells in an illustrative patient with relapsed AML who responded to the regimen in an ongoing clinical trial.ConclusionsImmunomodulation by targeting PD‐1 enhances the therapeutic effect of combining an HMA and venetoclax in patients with AML.