bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is using a consolidation tumor ratio 0.5 as criterion feasible in daily practice? Evaluation of interobserver measurement variability of consolidation tumor ratio of lung cancer less than 3 cm in size
Authors: Koike Sachie , Shimizu Kimihiro , Ide Shogo , Mishima Shuji , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Takeda Tetsu , Miura Kentaro , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Araki Taisuke , Sonehara Kei , Todoroki Keisuke , Ichinohe Fumihito , Kawakami Satoshi , Koinuma Masayoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsolidation tumor ratio (CTR) calculated as the ratio of the tumor consolidation diameter to the tumor maximum diameter on thin‐section computed tomography (CT) of lung cancer has been reported as an important prognostic factor. It has also been used for treatment decision‐making. This study aimed to investigate the interobserver variability of CTR measurements on preoperative CT and propose a clinically useful CTR‐based classification criterion.MethodsWe enrolled 119 patients who underwent surgery for suspected or diagnosed small‐sized lung cancer (≤3.0 cm in diameter). Nine doctors reviewed preoperative CT scans to measure CTR. Interobserver variability of CTR measurements was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV) and Fleiss' κ. The prognostic effect of the CTR‐based classification was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsInterobserver variability of CTR measurement was the highest for tumors with the lowest CTR (CTR = 0); it decreased as CTR increased and reached a plateaued level of low variability (CV <0.5) at CTR of 0.5. We proposed a three‐group classification based on the findings of CTR interobserver variability (CTR < 0.5, 0.5 ≤ CTR < 1, and CTR = 1). Interobserver agreement of the judgment of the CTR‐based classification was excellent (Fleiss' κ = 0.81). The classification significantly stratified patient prognosis (p < 0.001, 5‐year overall survival rates with CTR < 0.5, 0.5 ≤ CTR < 1, and CTR = 1 were 100, 88, and 73.8%, respectively).ConclusionsCTR 0.5 is a clinically relevant and helpful cutoff for treatment decision‐making in patients with early‐stage lung cancer based on high interobserver agreement and good prognostic stratification.
Identification of critical lncRNAs for milk fat metabolism in dairy cows using WGCNA and the construction of a ceRNAs network
Authors: Mu Tong , Hu Honghong , Ma Yanfen , Yang Chaoyun , Feng Xiaofang , Wang Ying , Liu Jiamin , Yu Baojun , Zhang Juan , Gu Yaling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs key regulators, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the ruminant mammary gland. However, the function of lncRNAs in milk fat synthesis from dairy cows is largely unknown. In this study, we used the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to comprehensive analyze the expression profile data of lncRNAs from the group's previous Illumina PE150 sequencing results based on bovine mammary epithelial cells from high‐ and low‐milk‐fat‐percentage (MFP) cows, and identify core_lncRNAs significantly associated with MFP by module membership (MM) and gene significance (GS). Functional enrichment analysis (Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) of core_lncRNA target genes (co‐localization and co‐expression) was performed to screen potential lncRNAs regulating milk fat metabolism and further construct an interactive regulatory network of lipid metabolism‐related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). A total of 4876 lncRNAs were used to construct the WGCNA. The MEdarkturquoise module among the 19 modules obtained was significantly associated with MFP (r = 0.78, p‐value <0.05) and contained 64 core_lncRNAs (MM > 0.8, GS > 0.4). Twenty‐four lipid metabolism‐related lncRNAs were identified by core_lncRNA target gene enrichment analysis. TCONS_00054233, TCONS_00152292, TCONS_00048619, TCONS_00033839, TCONS_00153791 and TCONS_00074642 were key candidate lncRNAs for regulating milk fat synthesis. The 22 ceRNAs most likely to be involved in milk fat metabolism were constructed by interaction network analysis, and TCONS_00133813 and bta‐miR‐2454‐5p were located at the network's core. TCONS_00133813_bta‐miR‐2454‐5p_TNFAIP3, TCONS_00133813_bta‐miR‐2454‐5p_ARRB1 and TCONS_00133813_bta‐miR‐2454‐5p_PIK3R1 are key candidate ceRNAs associated with milk fat metabolism. This study provides a framework for the co‐expression module of MFP‐related lncRNAs in ruminants, identifies several major lncRNAs and ceRNAs that influence milk fat synthesis, and provides a new understanding of the complex biology of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows.
Environmental sustainability in Africa: Insight into paper consumption by an African university
Authors: Macaulay Babajide Milton , Ajayi Oluwaseun Matthew , Ogunmiloro Ayomipo Taiwo , Owoeye Josiah Abolade 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability is a huge challenge in Africa as the region is currently struggling to provide sustainable systems to support daily human activities. Such activities in many African organisations include paper‐based information storage and communication which are not ecofriendly and place a huge burden on forest resources. This study therefore focused on the implication of overusing paper in an African university. Fifty offices in the university were surveyed and 59 questionnaires administered. The questionnaires were transcribed and analysed using both textual qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results showed that 6888 reams of paper (costing about 8 million Naira) are consumed annually by the university, translating to about 413 trees, which are enough to occupy a standard‐sized football pitch. It was also found that administrative staff members were generally Information Communication Technology (ICT) certified; however, many of them are still not well‐informed on the environmental implication of overconsuming paper even though they are largely aware of the benefits of paperless systems. Recommendations were offered on how to reduce the demand for paper by the university. This study is expected to create more awareness on the urgent need for African organisations to take environmental sustainability issues more seriously.
Immunologic deviations in recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse model
Authors: Ansariniya Hossein , Zare Fateme , Mosaffa Nariman , Idali Farah , Shabani Mahdi , Hadinedoushan Hossein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is an abnormality that has a great impact on women's quality of life. RSA is defined as at least three unexplained abortions (without prior live birth) occurring before the 20th week of pregnancy.AimThe present review attempts to discuss immunologic deviations in mouse models of RSA.ContentThe mating of DBA/2J males with CBA/J female mice has provided specialists with a homologous model of RSA. Much of the research using the CBA/J × DBA/2J mouse model has shown immune system alteration results in rejection. The link between RSA and the immune system suggests new approaches to prevent RSA from an immunological perspective. Rejection in this model is linked with the changed immune system during pregnancy, including change in Th1/Th2 ratio and defects in T and NK cells function, and so forth.ImplicationsThe use of animal models prone to RSA can help a lot to solve the remained mysteries. This study reviews the existing knowledge of immune system roles in the RSA mouse models.
Is this workplace bullying? How ideas about conflict shape conflict management strategies
Authors: Marzionna Paulo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe adoption of specific conflict management strategies has usually been linked to various factors, such as litigation avoidance, union substitution and the pursuit of strategic benefits. This study advances the hypothesis that actors’ different frames of reference impact how workplace conflicts are interpreted and managed by unions and employers. Drawing on original data from the Brazilian banking sector, this article shows that companies and unions have different interpretations of workplace bullying. Unions understand workplace bullying as an organizational or sectoral problem inherent to labour relations in the banking sector. In contrast, employers see workplace bullying as a problem caused by individual managers. These different understandings of the same type of conflict are shaped by each actor's frame of reference and influence their responses to workplace bullying. With a pluralist or critical frame of reference, unions favour conflict management tools that try to promote structural changes in the sector. With a unitarist frame of reference, employers try to transform individual behaviour or simply remove individual managers from the workplace. Therefore, organizations with a unitarist frame interpret and respond to conflicts in notably different ways from organizations holding a pluralist or critical frame of reference.
Perils of ingesting harmful prey by advanced snakes
Authors: Kornilev Yurii V. , Natchev Nikolay D. , Lillywhite Harvey B. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe advanced snakes (Alethinophidia) include the extant snakes with a highly evolved head morphology providing increased gape and jaw flexibility. Along with other physiological and morphological adaptations, this allows them to immobilize, ingest, and transport prey that may be disproportionately large or presents danger to the predator from bites, teeth, horns, or spines. Reported incidents of snakes failing to consume prey and being injured or killed during feeding mostly reflect information in the form of natural‐history notes. Here we provide the first extensive review of such incidents, including 101 publications describing at least 143 cases of mortality (including six of ‘multiple individuals’) caused by ingestion or attempted consumption of injurious prey. We also report on 15 previously unpublished injurious feeding incidents from the USA, Austria, and Bulgaria, including mortality of five juvenile piscivorous dice snakes (Natrix tessellata) from a single location. Occurrences are spread across taxa, with mortality documented for at least 73 species from eight families and 45 genera. Incidents were generally well represented within each of three major categories: oversized prey (40.6%), potentially harmful prey (40.6%), and predator's behavioural/mechanical errors (18.9%). Reptile (33%) and fish (26%) prey caused disproportionately high mortality compared to mammals (16%). Feeding can be dangerous throughout a snake's life, with the later stages of feeding likely being more perilous. The number of reports has increased over time, and the data seem biased towards localities with a higher number of field‐working herpetologists. We propose a standardized framework, comprising a set of basic information that should ideally be collected and published, and which could be useful as a template for future data collection, reporting, and analyses. We conclude that incidents of mortality during feeding are likely to be more common than previously assumed, and this hypothesis has implications for the ecology of persistence where populations are impacted by changing trophic environments.
Preexisting psychological illness and its association with mortality in lung cancer patients with access to support resources
Authors: Wright Allison E. , Sheehan Elyce , Qeadan Fares , Stalter Lily , Saeed Ali Imran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of lung cancer often results in tremendous stress for most patients, especially in patients with underlying psychological illness. Psychosocial support (consultation with psychologist, psychotherapist, or social worker) referral is considered standard for quality cancer care; however, which patients utilize these resources and how these resources affect patient outcomes remain unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify which newly diagnosed lung cancer patients accessed available psychosocial resources and assessed how utilization of these resources correlated with treatment and survival outcomes.MethodsData were collected from National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center at the University of New Mexico. We analyzed lung cancer registry and mortality data at the cancer center and bronchoscopy suite data to retrospectively identify patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2012 and 2017. We used a logistic regression model to compare psychological support utilization at the cancer center between patients with and without history of psychiatric illness. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to identify individual risk factors for mortality.ResultsPatients with a previous psychological diagnosis were 2.4 times more likely (odds ratio = 2.443; confidence interval [CI], 1.130–5.284) to utilize psychological resources than patients without a pre‐cancer psychological diagnosis. Patients who received psychosocial intervention had a 120.4% higher hazard of dying than those who did not (hazard ratio = 2.204; 95% CI, 1.240–3.917). One‐year survival probability among those who did not utilize resources was 62.65% (95% CI, 55.24%–71.06%) and 43.0% (95% CI, 31.61%–58.50%) among those who did. Patients with a previous psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to utilize psychosocial resources within 1 year of lung cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with previous psychiatric illness are more likely to utilize psychosocial resources at the cancer center after a new diagnosis of lung cancer. Patients who utilize psychosocial interventions have higher 1‐year mortality than those who do not.
Canagliflozin reduces proteinuria by targeting hyperinsulinaemia in diabetes patients with heart failure: A post hoc analysis of the CANDLE trial
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Shimabukuro Michio , Tanaka Atsushi , Imai Takumi , Hiramitsu Shinya , Takahashi Naohiko , Kadokami Toshiaki , Ajioka Masayoshi , Suzuki Makoto , Node Koichi ,   the CANDLE Trial Investigators
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate factors associated with proteinuria regression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with canagliflozin.Materials and MethodsThis study was a post hoc analysis of the CANDLE trial (UMIN000017669), which compared the effect of 24 weeks of treatment with canagliflozin or glimepiride for changes in N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide in patients with T2DM and chronic heart failure (CHF). Factors associated with regression of proteinuria at 24 weeks were evaluated with multivariate logistic models.ResultsThe rate of regression of proteinuria was higher (28/102, 27.5% vs. 12/112, 10.7%), and that of progression was lower (9/102, 8.8% vs. 26/112, 23.2%), in the canagliflozin versus the glimepiride group (P = .0001). There were no differences in the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate category between groups. Insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and estimated plasma volume were decreased at 24 weeks in the regression subclass but not in the progression subclass, suggesting that regression of proteinuria is associated with the declines in these values in the canagliflozin group. Higher insulin level at baseline was solely associated with proteinuria regression in the multivariate logistic regression model (baseline insulin, as per a 1‐mlU/L increase, odds ratio 1.24 [1.05‐1.47], P = .011).ConclusionsIn patients with T2DM and CHF, regression of proteinuria with canagliflozin treatment was associated with the pretreatment insulin level. These results may provide clinicians with novel mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of canagliflozin on renal outcomes and may warrant discussion for selecting preferred patient profiles, including pretreatment insulin levels.
Substantive representation of women, informal quotas and appointed upper house parliaments: The case of the Omani State Council
Authors: Al‐Lawati Nawra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of informal quotas on the substantive representation of women in appointed upper parliaments using the Omani State Council as a case study. Although no formal gender quota has been institutionalized in Oman, it is presumed that the Sultan will assign 17% of the seats to women, effectively an informal quota. Through semi‐structured interviews with female MPs appointed to the State Council, I examine the relationship between informal gender quotas and the substantive representation of women. The findings reveal that the majority of appointed female MPs under informal quota acted for women's interests inside and outside the parliament. Within the parliament, they reviewed legislation with consideration to women's interests and proposed studies or drafted laws on women's issues. Outside the parliament, they acted for women's interests by tapping into their social and political capital, which is presumably acquired through their appointment to the State Council.
Somatic mutations during rapid clonal domestication of Populus alba var. pyramidalis
Authors: Zheng Zeyu , Hu Hongyin , Lei Weixiao , Zhang Jin , Zhu Mingjia , Li Ying , Zhang Xu , Ma Jianchao , Wan Dongshi , Ma Tao , Ren Guangpeng , Ru Dafu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor many clonally propagated species, the accumulation of somatic mutations is the principal driver of declines in yield and quality. However, somatic mutations may also promote genetic diversification. Thus, elucidating somatic mutation rates and patterns is important to understand the genetic basis undergirding the emergence of commercially valuable traits and developmental processes. In this study, we studied the effect of short‐time clonal domestication of Populus alba var. pyramidalis, a species that has been propagated by cutting for the last 67 years. We found that: (1) the somatic mutation rate for P. alba var. pyramidalis is 9.24 × 10−9, which is higher than rates observed in related species; (2) there were more mutations near heterozygous regions, and a larger proportion of CpG and CHG sites were associated with somatic mutations, which may be related to the blocking of DNA repair by methylation; and (3) deleterious mutations were not shared by multiple individuals, and all occurred in heterozygous states, demonstrating the strong selective pressures that act against deleterious mutations. Taken together, the results of our study provide a global view of somatic mutation that will aid efforts to understand the genetic basis of commercially valuable traits and to improve clonally breeding species.
Effect of laser‐scan strategy on microstructure and fatigue properties of 316L additively manufactured stainless steel
Authors: Roirand Hugo , Hor Anis , Malard Benoit , Saintier Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe particular roles of grain morphology and defects, controlled using laser‐scan strategies, on the mechanical properties and the fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel are investigated. Microstructural characterization and X‐ray tomography analysis was performed to understand the genesis of polycrystalline microstructure and defects. Tensile and fatigue tests were performed to analyze the effect of defect population and microstructural properties on plasticity and damage mechanisms during monotonic and cyclic loading. The effect of the grain‐size and shape and type of defect was carefully investigated to evaluate the mechanisms driving the mechanical behavior under quasi‐static and fatigue loading. It is shown that the laser‐scan strategy determines the anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the building direction. Moreover, contrary to the existing literature, for 316L obtained by AM, the grain size and shape does not affect the mechanical properties, and LoF defects drive the fatigue life, independent of the defect/grain size ratio.
Investigation of cytokine polymorphisms on viral infections after renal transplantation exhibit association between IFN‐γ +874 A > T and CMV manifestations
Authors: de Almeida Stéphanie Gomes Santos , Knakcfuss Fabiana Batalha , Assis Lívia Maria , de Sousa Regina Celia Gonçalves , Matuck Tereza Azevedo , de Carvalho Deise de Boni Monteiro , Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas , Guimarães Maria Angelica Arpon Marandino , Varella Rafael Brandão 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effects of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐10 polymorphisms on viral infections (CMV, BKPyV, HHV‐6, EBV) after renal transplantation. IFN‐γ+874 A > T (lower IFN production) was associated with CMV disease (p = .039) in patients under mycophenolate‐based therapy and graft failure (p = .025). This study underscores the role of IFN‐γ+874 SNP in CMV infection.
A breach in the social contract: Limited participation and limited evidence in COVID‐19 responses
Authors: Rangel Jamie Cristian , Crath Rory D. , Renade Sudit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedically trained health professionals have been central to the development of policy responses to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis. In their multiple roles—as clinicians, public health leaders, members of scientific advisory boards, and also as media pundits and health professionals—they have helped shape discourses of science‐based policy options during the first 2 years of the pandemic. In particular, health professionals as a collective voice insisted on the necessity of society‐wide measures of social control to curb the morbidity and mortality of the virus. These measures, in turn, informed the political and moral imagination of the political class, the media and the larger public. Yet, as emerging evidence suggests, measures of social control posed a serious and long‐term risk for health equity. In this discussion piece on the first 2 years of COVID‐related public health directives, we interrogate the tensions that advocating for extensive and protracted measures of social control can pose to the social contract between medicine and society, health equity and democracy. To illustrate these tensions, we discuss the public fallout between vocal members of the OSAT, an ad hoc biomedical‐led organization, and the Government of Ontario in light of the disagreement on the scope of ‘stay home’ orders to manage the third wave of the pandemic in the Spring of 2021 and, more recently, the mass protest against mass‐scale public health measures in Ottawa, Canada. We argue that while decision making under emergency conditions is a difficult task, the legitimacy of the social contract between medicine and society depends on medical experts’ judicious exercise of public health ethics principles. We offer a set of recommendations for building a more collaborative response to future health crises.