bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time human action recognition using raw depth video-based recurrent neural networks
Authors: Sánchez-Caballero Adrián , Fuentes-Jiménez David , Losada-Gutiérrez Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work proposes and compare two different approaches for real-time human action recognition (HAR) from raw depth video sequences. Both proposals are based on the convolutional long short-term memory unit, namely ConvLSTM, with differences in the architecture and the long-term learning. The former uses a video-length adaptive input data generator (stateless) whereas the latter explores thestatefulability of general recurrent neural networks but is applied in the particular case of HAR. This stateful property allows the model to accumulate discriminative patterns from previous frames without compromising computer memory. Furthermore, since the proposal uses only depth information, HAR is carried out preserving the privacy of people in the scene, since their identities can not be recognized. Both neural networks have been trained and tested using the large-scale NTU RGB+D dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed models achieve competitive recognition accuracies with lower computational cost compared with state-of-the-art methods and prove that, in the particular case of videos, the rarely-used stateful mode of recurrent neural networks significantly improves the accuracy obtained with the standard mode. The recognition accuracies obtained are 75.26% (CS) and 75.45% (CV) for the stateless model, with an average time consumption per video of 0.21 s, and 80.43% (CS) and 79.91%(CV) with 0.89 s for the stateful one.
Development, implementation and evaluation of the digital transformation of renal services in Wales: the journey from local to national
Authors: Mantzourani E. , Brooks O. , James D. , Richards A. , Hodson K. , Akhtar H. , Wakelyn M. , White L. , Williams R. , O’Gorman G. , Kervin A. , Chess J. , Brown C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Treatment for people with kidney disease is often associated with complicated combinations of medicines. Logistical challenges with traditiona paper-based prescribing means that these patients are particularly susceptible to medication-relation errors and harm.

Aim
To improve the quality of care that people with kidney disease receive across Wales through a Value-Based digital transformation programme.

Setting
Renal units within the National Welsh Renal Clinical Network (WRCN).

Development
A novel Electronic Prescribing & Medicines Administration (EPMA) system, integrated into a patient care record and linked to a patient portal was developed in South West Wales (SWW) region of the WRCN, enabled by the Welsh Government (WG) Efficiency Through Technology Fund. National upscale was enabled through the WG Transformation Fund.

Implementation
EPMA was designed and rolled out initially in SWW region of the WRCN (2018). A dedicated delivery team used the blueprint to finalise and implement a strategy for successful national roll-out eventually across all Wales (completed 2021).

Evaluation
A multi-factorial approach was employed, as both the technology itself and the healthcare system within which it would be introduced, were complex. Continuous cycles of action research involving informal and formal qualitative interviews with service-users ensured that EPMA was accessible and optimally engaging to all target stakeholders (patients and staff). Results confirmed that EPMA was successful in improving the quality of care that people with kidney disease receive across Wales, contributed to Value-Based outcomes, and put people who deliver and access care at the heart of transformation.

Conclusion
Key findings of this study align directly with the national design principles to drive change and transformation, put forward by the WG in their plan for Health and Social Care: prevention and early intervention; safety; independence; voice; seamless care.
Pandemic transit: examining transit use changes and equity implications in Boston, Houston, and Los Angeles
Authors: Paul Julene , Taylor Brian D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic upended many aspects of life as we knew it, its effects on U.S. public transit were especially dramatic. Many former transit commuters began to work from home or switched to traveling via private vehicles. But for those who continued to work outside the home and could not drive—who were more likely low-income and Black or Hispanic—transit remained an important means of mobility. However, most transit agencies reduced service during the first year of the pandemic, reflecting reduced ridership demand, increasing costs, and uncertain budgets. To analyze the effects of the pandemic on transit systems and their users, we examine bus ridership changes by neighborhood in Boston, Houston, and Los Angeles from 2019 to 2020. Combining aggregated stop-level boarding data, passenger surveys, and census data, we identify associations between shifting travel patterns and neighborhoods. We find that early in the pandemic, neighborhoods with more poor and non-white households lost proportionally fewer riders; however, this gap between high- and low-ridership-loss neighborhoods shrank as the pandemic wore on. We also model ridership change controlling for multiple factors. Ridership in Houston and LA generally outperformed Boston, with built environment and demographic factors accounting for some of the observed differences. Neighborhoods with high shares of Hispanic and African American residents retained more riders in the pandemic, while those with higher levels of auto access and with more workers able to work from home lost more riders, all else equal. We conclude that transit’s social service role elevated during the pandemic, and that serving travelers in disadvantaged neighborhoods will likely remain paramount emerging from it.
Drought-tolerant Sphingobacterium changzhouense Alv associated with Aloe vera mediates drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Hagaggi Noura Sh. A. , Abdul-Raouf Usama M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrought severity and duration are expected to increase as a result of ongoing global climate change. Therefore, finding solutions to help plants to deal with drought stress and to improve growth in the face of limited water resources is critical. In this study, a drought tolerant- plant growth promoting endophytic bacterium was isolated from Aloe vera roots. It was identified as Sphingobacterium changzhouense based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was deposited into NCBI database with accession number (ON944028). The effect of S. changzhouense inoculation on maize growth under drought stress was investigated. The results revealed that inoculation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced root and shoot elongation by 205 and 176.19% respectively. Photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were improved in inoculated plants. interestingly, inoculation resulted in significant increase in total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates, proline, total proteins, total phenolics and total flavonoids by 64, 31.5, 25.1, 75.07, 83.7 and 65.4% respectively. Total antioxidant capacity of inoculated plants (51.2 mg/g FW) was higher than that of non-inoculated plants (11.87 mg/g FW), which was found to be positively correlated to the levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Our finding suggests that S. changzhouense could be used to improve crop growth and assist plants to resist drought stress in arid agricultural lands.
High Resolution Interferometric Imaging of Liquid-Solid Interfaces with HOTNNET
Authors: Kaviani R. , Kolinski J.M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
A variety of imaging methods are available to obtain kinematic data at an interface, with a widely varying range of spatial and temporal resolution. These methods require a trade-off between imaging rate and resolution.

Objective
A deep learning framework trained on synchronous profilometry data acquired using two imaging modalities at two different spatial resolutions to enhance spatial resolution while maintaining temporal resolution is desired.

Methods
Fizeau interferometry (FIF) and frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) are used to overcome the resolution-rate trade-off via a deep learning framework. The FTIR imaging data are recorded at high resolution, while the FIF imaging data are recorded with a lesser resolved, larger field of view. We apply a deep learning framework using a multi-layer convolutional neural network to enhance the FIF image resolution.

Results
With the deep learning framework, we achieve the high spatial resolution of measurements obtained by FTIR imaging in all three dimensions from the lower resolution FIF data. A high-order overset technique ultimately yields full up-scaled images from the network outputs without losing precision. The accuracy of the super-resolved image is evaluated using test data.

Conclusions
This hybrid framework, called HOTNNET, is implemented in its entirety on high-speed imaging profilometry data acquired in the study of droplet impacts on a smooth, solid surface, and is used to recover full, high-resolution images at high rates by unwrapping the phase of the interferometry. This framework can be readily adapted to other paired datasets by retraining the network on the novel data.
Characterisation of AMB-FUBINACA metabolism and CB1-mediated activity of its acid metabolite
Authors: Webb Hunter D. J. , Finlay David B. , Chen Shuli , Vernall Andrea J. , Sparkes Eric , Banister Samuel D. , Rosengren Rhonda J. , Glass Michelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeAMB-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) which is primarily metabolised by hepatic enzymes producing AMB-FUBINACA carboxylic acid. The metabolising enzymes associated with this biotransformation remain unknown. This study aimed to determine if AMB-FUBINACA metabolism could be reduced in the presence of carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitors and recreational drugs commonly consumed with it. The affinity and activity of the AMB-FUBINACA acid metabolite at the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) was investigated to determine the activity of the metabolite.MethodsThe effect of CES1 and CES2 inhibitors, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) on AMB-FUBINACA metabolism were determined using both human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant carboxylesterases. Radioligand binding and cAMP assays comparing AMB-FUBINACA and AMB-FUBINACA acid were carried out in HEK293 cells expressing human CB1.ResultsAMB-FUBINACA was rapidly metabolised by HLM in the presence and absence of NADPH. Additionally, CES1 and CES2 inhibitors both significantly reduced AMB-FUBINACA metabolism. Furthermore, digitonin (100 µM) significantly inhibited CES1-mediated metabolism of AMB-FUBINACA by ~ 56%, while the effects elicited by Δ9-THC were not statistically significant. AMB-FUBINACA acid produced only 26% radioligand displacement consistent with low affinity binding. In cAMP assays, the potency of AMB-FUBINACA was ~ 3000-fold greater at CB1as compared to the acid metabolite.ConclusionsCES1A1 was identified as the main hepatic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of AMB-FUBINACA to its less potent carboxylic acid metabolite. This biotransformation was significantly inhibited by digitonin. Since other xenobiotics may also inhibit similar SCRA metabolic pathways, understanding these interactions may elucidate why some users experience high levels of harm following SCRA use.
The Influence of Process Parameters on the Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of 316L Steel Parts Produced by Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Kluczyński Janusz , Śnieżek Lucjan , Grzelak Krzysztof , Torzewski Janusz , Szachogłuchowicz Ireneusz , Wachowski Marcin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the additive manufacturing (AM), powder bed fusion (PBF) process parameters on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of 316L steel samples is shown. Based on the previous research, five parameter groups were selected. To make this analysis broader, research results of AM parts have been compared to the conventionally made counterparts. Such an approach allowed analyzing the manner different parameters affect the tensile and LCF behavior. The preliminary tests indicated that AM specimens are characterized by 65 pct of the total LCF strength in comparison to the conventionally made material. Further LCF tests indicated differences in the dissipated energy of some samples, which was visible in the hysteresis loops generated during testing in the total strain amplitude range from 0.30 to 0.45 pct. Based on the Morrow approach, it was possible to register an increased share of the plastic component during the fracture process in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) parts in the LCF tests with the total strain amplitude above 0.45 pct. The final microscopical investigation of parts’ fractures surfaces indicated the influence of the layered structure, and internal imperfections (such as unmelted powder particles and lack of fusion) of the as-built AM parts on the cracking process, which caused an increased number of multiplanar cracks and generation of the complex fracture morphology characterized by the layered structure of AM parts and share of imperfections—mostly porosity caused by unmelted powder particles which potentially was a base of secondary stage cracks.
Weyl Sets in a Truncated Matricial Stieltjes Moment Problem
Authors: Wall Michaela , Fritzsche Bernd , Kirstein Bernd , Mädler Conrad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven a point w in the open upper complex half-plane $$\Pi _{\mathord {+}}$$

Π
+

, we describe the set of possible values $$F_\sigma \left( {w}\right) $$

F
σ

w

of Stieltjes transforms $$F_\sigma \left( {z}\right) :=\int _{[\alpha ,\infty )}\left( {x-z}\right) ^{-1}\sigma \left( {\textrm{d}x}\right) $$

F
σ

z

:
=

∫

[
α
,
∞
)

x
-
z

-
1

σ

d
x

, $$z\in \Pi _{\mathord {+}}$$

z
∈

Π
+

, corresponding to solutions $$\sigma $$
σ
to a truncated matricial Stieltjes moment problem as intersection of two matrix balls.
Series of problems in Clairaut’s Elements of Geometry: interaction between historical analysis and mathematics education research
Authors: Gosztonyi Katalin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I propose an analysis of the structure of Clairaut’s Éléments de Géométrie (1741), a book presenting geometrical knowledge organized around problems, with rich metadiscourse connecting problems and other elements of mathematical content. This analysis is inspired both by the “Series of problems at the crossroad of cultures” interdisciplinary history of sciences project, in which texts from various cultures structured around problems were analysed, and by ongoing mathematics educational research on the Hungarian Guided Discovery approach, where “series of problems” play a central role in the planning and implementation of teaching trajectories. I show how a dialog between the analysis of Clairaut’s historical text and mathematics educational research contributes to the reflection on the construction and analysis of inquiry based teaching trajectories in mathematics education.
High Purity Grade Phycocyanin Recovery by Decupling Cell Lysis from the Pigment Extraction: an Innovative Approach
Authors: Lauceri Rosaria , Cavone Cristina , Chini Zittelli Graziella , Kamburska Lyudmila , Musazzi Simona , Torzillo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, is one of the few natural blue pigments available as food colourant, and it is largely used in food industry. We have devised an innovative two-step extraction process which allowed to obtain bright blue phycocyanin crude extracts with high purity grade P (within 2.5 and 3.5) directly from fresh biomass of Arthrospira platensis Gomont 1892 (commonly named Spirulina). We found out and for the first time exploited ammonium sulphate capability to minimize the release of water soluble phycobiliproteins in aqueous medium during ultrasound-assisted cell lysis/purification phase. The conventional sequence which is, extraction followed by purification, was reversed. The extraction phase was decoupled from biomass cell lysis. Cell lysis, accomplished by ultrasonication in ammonium sulphate solution, was merged with purification in a single step, before the pigment extraction/recovering phase. The process was entirely carried out in aqueous solutions. No downstream purification was required to obtain products suitable for the most common phycocyanin applications (i.e. foods, nutraceuticals). Production time, hours instead of days, was reduced to the advantage of the product quality. The process has the great advantages of (1) direct use of extracting solutions that cannot be used in the ordinary ultrasound-assisted extraction of phycocyanin (because of the extensive simultaneous extraction of contaminant molecules), (2) gain of high commercial value phycocyanin due to the elevated purity grade and (3) direct production of highly concentrated bright blue pigment crude extracts (up to about 5 mg mL−1) immediately in hand to the market.
Graphical Abstract
Global Catastrophic Risk and the Drivers of Scientist Attitudes Towards Policy
Authors: Nathan Christopher , Hyams Keith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn anthropogenic global catastrophic risk is a human-induced risk that threatens sustained and wide-scale loss of life and damage to civilisation across the globe. In order to understand how new research on governance mechanisms for emerging technologies might assuage such risks, it is important to ask how perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes towards the governance of global catastrophic risk within the research community shape the conduct of potentially risky research. The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of emerging technology research culture as it relates to global catastrophic risks, and to shed new light on how new research governance mechanisms might be developed. We analyse in-depth interviews with leading AI and biotech researchers both from universities and the private sector. We develop new insights in terms of four salient themes. First, ‘engineering mindset’, which highlights the premium placed by many interviewees on pursuing interesting research about the physical world for its own sake. Second, ‘self-government’, which looks at how self-regulation of technological development currently occurs. Third, ‘pure incentives’, focussing on how career and other incentives shapes research. Fourth, ‘norms and persuasion’, which examines the role of moral considerations in guiding the research choices of scientists. We end by considering the implications of these findings for future research on governance of anthropogenic global catastrophic risk.
Comparison of updated birth weight, length and head circumference charts by gestational age in China with the INTERGROWTH-21st NCSS charts: a population-based study
Authors: Zhang Ya-Qin , Li Hui , Zong Xin-Nan , Wu Hua-Hong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
INTERGROWTH-21st Newborn Cross-Sectional Study (NCSS) charts were established and recommended for global application. However, whether one international reference is appropriate for all populations is still unclear. We aim to compare the updated Chinese birth size charts by gestational age with INTERGROWTH-21st NCSS charts.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out, and the birth weight, length and head circumference of 24,375 infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies at gestational age ranging from 24+0 to 42+6 weeks were measured in 13 cities in China from 2015 to 2018. Growth charts were constructed. The measurements of all these infants were evaluated by the methods of calculating their Z scores using the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) based on birth weight was analyzed using Chinese charts and INTERGROWTH-21st charts.

Results
The mean Z scores were 0.10 for birth weight, 0.35 for length and − 0.02 for head circumference. Compared to the INTERGROWTH-21st charts, the Chinese birth weight percentile curves were higher except for the 90th percentile at 29–37 weeks gestational age, and the length percentile curves were higher after 33 weeks gestational age, while the 10th percentile of the head circumference was lower and the other percentiles were similar. The prevalence of SGA was 10.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.7%–10.5%] using the Chinese birth weight chart and 6.5% (95% CI = 6.2%–6.8%) using the INTERGROWTH-21st birth weight chart. The prevalence of LGA was 9.9% (95% CI = 9.5%–10.2%) and 8.2% (95% CI = 7.9%–8.6%) using the Chinese and INTERGROWTH-21st birth weight charts, respectively.

Conclusions
Chinese birth size charts based on infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies were different from the INTERGROWTH-21st charts. Differences in the classification of newborns by the two charts should receive attention, and whether the application of INTERGROWTH-21st in Chinese newborns will lead to misclassification needs to be validated in future clinical practice.
Impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis and treatment of lung cancer: an umbrella review
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Chen Yen-Fu , Wu Wei-Ting , Han Der-Sheng , Tsai I.-Chen , Chang Ke-Vin , Özçakar Levent 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and function, is known to cause adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this umbrella review was to integrate published systematic reviews and meta-analyses exploring sarcopenia and lung cancer to provide comprehensive knowledge on their relationship.

Methods
Eligible studies were searched from scientific databases until June 28, 2022. Critical appraisal was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. The impact of sarcopenia on the pathophysiology, prevalence, and prognosis of lung cancer is summarized at the level of systematic reviews or meta-analyses.

Results
Fourteen reviews and meta-analyses were conducted. The methodological quality was high for one review, low for nine, and critically low for four. The most common standard for diagnosing sarcopenia in the lung cancer population is computed tomography (CT) to measure the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3). Sarcopenia was highly prevalent among patients with lung cancer, with a pooled prevalence ranging from 42.8% to 45.0%. The association between sarcopenia and increased postoperative complications and decreased disease control rates with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been demonstrated. Mortality was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients with lung cancer, regardless of the stage of disease or type of treatment.

Conclusions
Sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor for lung cancer. Future studies are necessary to clarify the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop effective interventions for sarcopenia in patients with lung cancer.