bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing student engagement from facial behavior in on-line learning
Authors: Buono Paolo , De Carolis Berardina , D’Errico Francesca , Macchiarulo Nicola , Palestra Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe automatic monitoring and assessment of the engagement level of learners in distance education may help in understanding problems and providing personalized support during the learning process. This article presents a research aiming to investigate how student engagement level can be assessed from facial behavior and proposes a model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict the level of engagement from facial action units, gaze, and head poses. The dataset used to learn the model is the one of the EmotiW 2019 challenge datasets. In order to test its performance in learning contexts, an experiment, involving students attending an online lecture, was performed. The aim of the study was to compare the self-evaluation of the engagement perceived by the students with the one assessed by the model. During the experiment we collected videos of students behavior and, at the end of each session, we asked students to answer a questionnaire for assessing their perceived engagement. Then, the collected videos were analyzed automatically with a software that implements the model and provides an interface for the visual analysis of the model outcome. Results show that, globally, engagement prediction from students’ facial behavior was weakly correlated to their subjective answers. However, when considering only the emotional dimension of engagement, this correlation is stronger and the analysis of facial action units and head pose (facial movements) are positively correlated with it, while there is an inverse correlation with the gaze, meaning that the more the student’s feels engaged the less are the gaze movements.
The Importance of Using Exosome-Loaded miRNA for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shen Yunpeng , Cai Junying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a major traumatic disease of the central nervous system characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Many studies have shown that SCI can be divided into the two stages of primary and secondary injury. Primary injury leads to pathophysiological changes, while consequential injury is even more fatal, including a series of harmful reactions that expand the scope and degree of SCI. Because the pathological process of SCI is highly complex, there is still no clear and effective clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 30–200 nm, have emerged as an ideal vector to deliver therapeutic molecules. At the same time, increasing numbers of studies have shown that miRNAs play a momentous role in the process of SCI. In recent studies, researchers have adopted exosomes as carriers of miRNAs with potential therapeutic effects in SCI. In this review, we summarize relevant articles describing exosomes as miRNA carriers for SCI, after which we discuss further implications and perspectives of this novel treatment modality.
From morphology to molecular targets—the pathologist’s view in diagnosing gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Henzinger Hanna , Brcic Iva 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn the last decade, a number of genetic alterations in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have been identified. In addition, differences in tumor morphology as well as proliferation index (Ki-67) or number of mitoses have led to changes in the classification of these neoplasms. According to the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, GEP-NENs are now divided into two genetically and prognostically different categories: (i) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) subdivided into low (G1), intermediate (2) and high (G3) grade tumors, and (ii) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). In addition, a group of mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) has been defined. This review focuses on the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of the GEP-NENs and their key diagnostic features that can help the pathologist to differentiate between tumors in this heterogeneous group. In challenging cases, additional immunohistochemical and/or molecular analysis can be helpful to determine the correct diagnosis and proper treatment for the patient.
MiR92b-3p synthetic analogue impairs zebrafish embryonic development, leading to ocular defects, decreased movement and hatching rate, and increased mortality
Authors: Kranert Kilian , Woźny Maciej , Podlasz Piotr , Wąsowicz Krzysztof , Brzuzan Paweł 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of microRNA 92b-3p (MiR92b-3p) overexpression on the embryonic development of zebrafish. A synthetic MiR92b-3p analogue (mirVana™ mimic, in vivo-ready) was injected at doses up to 5 ng/embryo into the yolk sac of embryos (2–16 cell stage). At 24 h post fertilization (hpf), the locomotor activity of the embryos was measured, and after hatching (72 hpf), the rates of malformation occurrence, hatching, and mortality were determined. Next, the larvae were fixed for histological and molecular examinations. Exposure to the MiR92b-3p mimic impaired embryonic development, leading to increased occurrence of malformations (i.e., pericardial edema, spine curvature, smaller eyes), decreased locomotor activity and hatching rate, and increased mortality. Importantly, the mimic affected retinal differentiation and lens formation during zebrafish embryogenesis, which suggests that MiR92b-3p could be an important factor in the regulation of fish embryogenesis and ocular development. The expression level of MiR92b-3p was substantially higher in the exposed larvae than in the untreated larvae, indicating that the mimic was successfully delivered to the zebrafish. Although screening of potential MiR92b-3p target genes suggested some changes in their expression levels, these results were inconclusive. Together, this study indicates that MiR92b-3p mimic impairs zebrafish embryonic development, and further research is necessary to identify the MiR92b-3p–regulated cell pathways involved in the impairment of the fish’s development.
Species redescription and nest architecture of Plebeia flavocincta (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Maia Ulysses Madureira , Borges Rafael Cabral , dos Santos-Júnior José Eustáquio , Dias Victor Hugo Pedraça , Carvalho Airton Torres , Imperatriz-Fonseca Vera Lucia , de Oliveira Guilherme Corrêa , Giannini Tereza Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBees are important insects both environmentally and economically. Despite this, most bee species are poorly characterized regarding their morphology and nesting habits, which are relevant characteristics for planning management and conservation. Plebeia flavocincta is a stingless bee species that occurs in the Northeast region of Brazil and there is little knowledge about its morphology and nesting biology. Here, we morphologically characterize Plebeia flavocincta workers from 54 colonies and use seven colonies to describe the structure of the species’ nest. All nests were found in seasonally dry forest areas in different substrates, namely, hollow of native trees, wall, post, and wooden boxes. The structure of the species’ nest was detailed in terms of the number, shape, and area of the combs; brood cell size; size of food pots; nest size; and honey volume. Plebeia flavocincta is found in both natural and urban environments. The structure of the nest of Plebeia flavocincta is similar to that found in other species of the same genus. This is the first nest diagnosis study of the species. In addition, by establishing morphological data to recognize Plebeia flavocincta, this study provides useful information for management and conservation plans for the species.
Effect of loading rate and time delay on the tangent modulus method (TMM) in coal and coal measured rocks
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Karakus Murat , Nguyen Giang D. , Amrouch Khalid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNon-destructive techniques of in-situ stress measurement from oriented cored rocks have great potential to be developed as a cost cost-effective and reliable alternative to the conventional overcoring and hydraulic fracturing methods. The tangent modulus method (TMM) is one such technique that can be applied to oriented cored rocks to measure in-situ stresses. Like the deformation rate analysis (DRA), the rock specimen is subjected to two cycles of uniaxial compression and the stress-tangent modulus curve for the two cycles is obtained from the stress–strain curve. A bending point in the tangent modulus curve of the first cycle is observed, separating it from the tangent modulus curve of the second cycle. The point of separation between the two curves is assumed to be the previously applied maximum stress. A number of experiments were conducted on coal and coal measured rocks (sandstone and limestone) to understand the effect of loading conditions and the time delay. The specimens were preloaded, and cyclic compressions were applied under three different modes of loading, four different strain rates, and time delays of up to one week. The bending point in the stress-tangent modulus curves occurred approximately at the applied pre-stress levels under all three loading modes, and no effect of loading rate was observed on the bending points in TMM. However, a clear effect of time delay was observed on the TMM, contradicting the DRA results. This could be due to the sensitivity of TMM and the range of its applicability, all of which need further investigation for the in-situ stress measurement.
Monarchical Constitutional Guardianship and Legal Métissage in Asia
Authors: De Visser Maartje , Harding Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article presents a roadmap for examining the phenomenon of monarchy in Asia, which we conceive as a pluralist institution in a twofold manner. First, many monarchies discharge a wide range of roles and responsibilities ranging from the symbolic to the religious to the legal-political. These varied functions can be usefully captured under the notion of constitutional guardianship, and call for intersectional analysis. Second, it is common for monarchies to have metamorphosed from being purely endogenous institutions to becoming ones embedded in a scheme of limited, constitutional government under the influence of ideas from elsewhere. Monarchies should accordingly be viewed as a form of legalmétissage, viz. a braiding of local and extraneous ideas, practices, and rules. In this sense, a law-and-society approach is more likely to reveal the nature of monarchies than a strictly legal-doctrinal approach, although some of the latter is needed to fully appreciate the former’s significance.
Eyes on the Prize: Toward a Reimagining of the Role of Awards in African Studies
Authors: Phillips Kristin D. , Cheney Kristen E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhillips and Cheney preface an analysis of the ASA’s Graduate Student Paper Prize in a discussion with past Prize winners with a review of the sociological literature on awards and scholarly critiques of the history of African Studies. They find that the Prize has played an important role in amplifying and recognizing the voices of young scholars who have pushed the thematic and theoretical boundaries of the field. But these contributions are attended by limitations that the ASA should remediate as they consider the GSP Prize in relation to efforts to realize anti-colonial and social justice-oriented approaches to knowledge production.
State Mobilization in Authoritarian Regimes: Youth Politics and Regime Legitimation in Cambodia
Authors: Vong Mun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explains the political significance of the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia, the quasi-youth wing of the ruling Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia. I argue that pro-regime events organized by the youth wing are a form of state mobilization designed to help the ruling party pre-empt the threat posed by the country's growing youth population. In doing so, the youth wing draws upon the monarchy, culture, and nationalism to regenerate the ruling party's legitimacy claims to make them more appealing to the target group. The article contributes to our knowledge of how authoritarian regimes mobilize citizens to maintain power.
Simulation and collective training - creating a total experience
Authors: Smith E. , Mclntyre H.M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a popular misconception that synthetic training is only concerned with time spent in the simulator. If this were so, a training exercise which had focused on the simulation experience alone, might fail to provide the rich learning environment needed to maximise training opportunities and so fall short of expectations in terms of delivery of a complete training experience.This is particularly true when considering collective training for military aircrew; where all mission phases are equally important, and all roles and tasks must be carefully considered when assessing the training need. The training designers must create a scenario that meets the requirements of the total training audience (the collective) throughout all the mission phases; planning, briefing, flying (traditionally the key simulation event) and debriefing. This scenario must allow the trainees to become fully immersed and provide a ‘total experience’ in order for them to obtain maximum benefit from the synthetic training event.Maintenance of such an environment during the training process places an extra burden on those who are providing the training experience. As the number and mix of trainees participating in a synthetic exercise grows so too do the demands placed upon the exercise management team, the trainers and the assessors to provide a rich and rewarding training experience. Not only must these key personnel be carefully selected, their needs must also be taken into account during the training design process. This will help to ensure that transformation of data to information and information flow is optimised for all participants.Recent experience in mission training via distributed simulation has shown that greater training opportunities can be afforded if the training designers address the needs of all the above. Using these experiences as reference points, this paper will discuss synthetic training issues along with the expectations of the trainees and the training providers and suggest some guidelines for creating a total training experience.
Numerical simulation of the vortex-fin interaction over a tangent-ogive cylinder
Authors: Omar A.A. , Chongam K. , Oh-Hyun R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interaction between slender body vortices and a single vertical fin located down the axis of the body is investigated numerically for angle of attack of 30 deg and Reynolds number of 6000. The present research includes a parametric study on the effect of fin location and fin azimuthal position. A numerical method based on the pseudo-compressibility is used for solving the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel implicit scheme. The numerical results show that the vortices remain very coherent and attached to the body until they reach the fin section, where they become less coherent and begin to separate from the body. Also, the results show that the fin location does not affect the upstream development of the vortices, but it does affect the location at which the vortices separate from the body. The effect of azimuthal fin positions was also investigated. As the azimuthal angle of the fin increased, the size of the vortex on the port side decreased, but the starboard side vortex grew in size and moved across the leeward ray to the port side. The computed results are found to agree well with the available experimental data. The effect of the grid size on the numerical solutions was also investigated.
Reliability enhancement methodology and modelling - the REMM project
Authors: Marshall J. , Walls L. , Jones J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCustomers demand reliable products and such demands are reflected in the product specification and requirements documents. Indeed, contractual obligations are being introduced to ensure that the supplier meets the cost of unreliability. Thus, equipment suppliers must design products to perform reliably for the required product life. Moreover suppliers must provide sufficient evidence that their product will meet reliability requirements. This evidence is termed the reliability case. The main instigator for the use of the reliability case is the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) under the guise of Defence Standard 00-42 Part 3 but the concept is also becoming accepted in the commercial field as one of the key criteria for selecting products.This paper describes the work carried out under a collaborative project funded by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (CARAD) entitled reliability enhancement methodology and modelling (REMM). More specifically it will concentrate on demonstrating the methodology in the form of providing the necessary guidance for building a reliability case. It will also discuss the challenges associated with design for reliability and demonstrate how the REMM tool will encourage designers to consider what might go wrong.The REMM tool encompasses a reliability assessment model and this paper will describe and discuss the advantages of this Bayesian model with particular reference to decision making aspects during
the design stage of a project.
Tiltrotor development to meet public acceptability targets
Authors: Reber R. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCivil tiltrotor technology will literally change the way man flies! With the advent of modern vertical flight aircraft, like the tiltrotor, air travel will accede to new levels of convenience, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Tiltrotors can operate in all weather conditions from airports or from smaller facilities called vertiports strategically located to provide convenient access to other transportation systems. In evaluating the economic viability of this mode of travel, the entire cost of the system must be included to realise the benefits of such a system, not just the cost of the aircraft or its cost of operation. When an improved air transportation system is developed, tiltrotors, because of their time savings and cost-competitiveness, will be able to compete in the 50–500 mile range with all types of aircraft as well as high-speed rail and other modes of transportation. While each mode has its advantages, tiltrotor will do well because it can add flexibility to the system and can complement the other modes and make the overall system more efficient. It will also be acceptable to the public at large because of its unique capability and low noise signature.
Measurements of leading-edge vortices on a 75° delta planform wing at M = 2.5
Authors: Milanovic I. M. , Kalkhoran I. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn experimental study of the supersonic vortices from a 75° swept-back delta wing has been carried out in a Mach 2.49 stream. Five-hole conical probe surveys were conducted at the trailing edge of the planform for 7° and 12° angles-of-attack. The main objective was to determine the Mach number and pressure distributions in the primary vortex. A novel approach of utilising a computational flow solver was used to generate the calibration data for the five-hole probe over a range of Mach numbers and pitch angles. Measurements indicate significant static and total pressure deficits in the vortex core. Both the magnitude and the spatial scale of these deficits increase with the higher incidence angle. The swirl profiles have supersonic peak magnitudes and resemble the low speed Lamb-Oseen vortex. Similar to the case of supersonic wing tip vortices, and contrary to the experimental results from transonic and low speed leading-edge vortices, the axial Mach number distribution in the vortex core is found to have strong wake-like profile.
The impacts of aviation on the atmosphere
Authors: Rogers H. L. , Lee D. S. , Raper D. W. , Foster P. M. de F. , Wilson C. W. , Newton P. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the current status of knowledge regarding the impact of aviation on the atmosphere. The growth of the aviation industry is likely to continue in the future and at present there are significant concerns that this will adversely affect climate and local air quality in the vicinity of airports. Indeed, it is possible that air quality may become a constraint to increased capacity of some large hub airports. Currently the radiative forcing impact from aircraft emissions, other than CO2, are not accounted for in the International Civil Aviation Organization emission trading scheme proposals. Taking only this approach, emissions trading could, in theory, increase the radiative forcing, rather than decrease it. The study of improved ‘environmentally friendly’ flight is still in its infancy, however any proposed and actual new developments, in terms of technology and operational practice, should include an environmental assessment.
Characterisation of wall flow topology in jet-in-crossflow interaction
Authors: Kwon E. Y. , Chocinski D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe topological structure of an underexpanded Mach 2·5 jet injected into a Mach 0·75 crossflow are studied experimentally and numerically. The structure of the skin friction pattern is examined in detail by localising precisely the topological singularities. Oil-flow visualisations reveal the complex nature of the wall flow and its strong three-dimensionality. Four vortical structures appear in the vicinity of the wall, where two are essentially parallel to the wall (horseshoe vortex and boundary-layer vortices) and the other two are directed perpendicular to the wall (wake vortices). Comparison of computation with experiment shows good agreement for the complex separated-flow surface shear pattern and the pressure distribution. The crossflow Mach number plays an important role in the separation mechanisms. Significant differences in the topology occur with a Mach 0·3 crossflow whereas above Mach 0·6 the mean structure of the interaction is almost conserved, except that the secondary wake vortices disappear.
Advanced combat aircraft performance assessment
Authors: Kutschera A. , Render P. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the advent of thrust vector control and post stall manoeuvrability affecting the design of modern combat aircraft, there still remains a shortage of performance metric tools available to the conceptual designer. The need for such a tool is highlighted, and a suitable metric is introduced. Using the metric, the effects of thrust vector control and post stall manoeuvrability are investigated quantitatively for a 180° heading change in the horizontal plane, in terms of time to complete the manoeuvre, final Specific Excess Power, energy change over the manoeuvre and turn diameter. The extension of the metric to investigate different manoeuvres and the impact of other new technologies is briefly discussed.