bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of skin lesions in livedoid vasculopathy: a study of 46 Chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Chenjing , Jing Ke , Feng Suying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical data regarding cutaneous manifestations in Chinese patients with livedoid vasculopathy (LV) are limited.ObjectivesTo assess clinical features of skin lesions in LV, especially the characteristics of extensive livedo reticularis and pigmented purpuric dermatosis‐like lesions in these patients.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study of 46 Chinese patients with LV between March 2021 and July 2021. The characteristics of skin lesions in LV were described in detail.ResultsA total of 29 females and 17 males were included in this study, with a mean age of 27.7 years (ranging from 13 to 51 years). Twenty (43.5%) patients developed their first skin lesions before age 18. Among 46 patients, 33 presented livedo reticularis with 78.8% (n = 26) of these patients whose livedo reticularis was extensive. Seven patients had lesions simulating pigmented purpuric dermatosis, including four cases of pigmented purpura and three cases of telangiectatic purpura. Numbness was found in 16 patients, mainly in the lower limbs (62.5%), ankles (31.3%), and dorsum of the feet (18.8%).ConclusionsFor patients with symptoms of extensive livedo reticularis, retiform purpura, or numbness, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis.
A trapdoor spider, Latouchia typica (Araneae: Halonoproctidae), uses vibrational cues as a trigger for predatory behavior
Authors: Nakamura Shoyo , Mukai Hiromi , Tokuda Makoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpiders are one of the most dominant predators in terrestrial ecosystems. Although cues triggering predatory behavior in web‐building and wandering spiders are well investigated, studies concerning burrowing species, the most ancestral group of spiders, are relatively limited. To clarify critical cues affecting the predatory behavior in burrowing species, we conducted vibration‐reducing experiments with the trapdoor spider Latouchia typica (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) and nymphs of the speckled cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Blattodea: Blaberidae), as prey. Spiders achieved a high success rate of prey capture even when blinded (with paint on the eyes). However, the use of a rubber mat to reduce vibrations significantly decreased predation success rate. In addition, the presence or absence of the blindfold did not affect the predation rates under the reducing vibration condition. These results indicate that substrate vibrations emitted from prey are critically important to trigger the predatory behavior in L. typica, but visual and chemical stimuli are not used even in the case when vibration cues are unavailable. This is the first study to use vibration‐reducing experiments to experimentally demonstrate the critical cues for predation in trapdoor spiders.
Enhancement of keratinocyte growth factor potential in inducing adipose‐derived stem cells differentiation into keratinocytes by collagen‐targeting
Authors: Amidzadeh Zahra , Yasami‐Khiabani Setayesh , Rahimi Hamzeh , Bonakdar Shahin , Shams Davoud , Habibi‐Anbouhi Mahdi , Golkar Majid , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDifferent growth factors can regulate stem cell differentiation. We used keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) to direct adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) differentiation into keratinocytes. To enhance KGF bioavailability, we targeted KGF for collagen by fusing it to collagen‐binding domain from Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease (vibrioCBD‐KGF). KGF and vibrioCBD‐KGF were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both proteins displayed comparable activities in stimulating proliferation of HEK‐293 and MCF‐7 cells. vibrioCBD‐KGF demonstrated enhanced collagen‐binding affinity in immunofluorescence and ELISA. KGF and vibrioCBD‐KGF at different concentrations (2, 10, and 20 ng/ml) were applied for 21 days on ASCs cultured on collagen‐coated plates. Keratinocyte differentiation was assessed based on morphological changes, the expression of keratinocyte markers (Keratin‐10 and Involucrin), and stem cell markers (Collagen‐I and Vimentin) by real‐time PCR or immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that the expression of keratinocyte markers was substantially increased at all concentrations of vibrioCBD‐KGF, while it was observed for KGF only at 20 ng/ml. Immunofluorescence staining approved this finding. Moreover, down‐regulation of Collagen‐I, an indicator of differentiation commitment, was more significant in samples treated with vibrioCBD‐KGF. The present study showed that vibrioCBD‐KGF is more potent in inducing the ASCs differentiation into keratinocytes compared to KGF. Our results have important implications for effective skin regeneration using collagen‐based biomaterials.
Shelf‐life prediction of milk‐millet powders
Authors: Pasagadi Aditya Sukumar , Prakash Arun Kumar , Harthikote Veerendrasimha Vikram Simha , Geethambika Seethu Bhasi , Franklin Magdaline Eljeeva Emerald , Pushpadass Heartwin A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMigration of moisture and oxygen into packages during storage lead to deteriorative reactions such as nonenzymatic browning (NEB), stickiness, caking, and oxidation. Actual shelf‐life testing of milk‐millet powders is tedious and time‐consuming as they have long storage stability. The aim of this study was to predict the shelf‐life of spray‐dried milk‐millet powders based on deteriorative reactions due to moisture and oxygen uptake, and evaluate whether the prediction models could be applied as an alternative to accelerated or normal shelf‐life testing. Fresh cow milk was standardized, concentrated to 22% total solids (TS), blended with millet wort of 22% TS in 1:1 ratio, and dried into powder using a lab‐scale co‐current type spray dryer. The predicted shelf‐life of milk‐malted foxtail millet powder based on stickiness and NEB caused by moisture gain was 17 and 30 days in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), 41 and 58 days in EVOH laminate (LDPE/EVOH/LDPE), and 96 and 134 days in polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) laminate (PET/Al foil/PET/LDPE) pouches, respectively. The corresponding shelf‐life of milk‐barnyard millet powder based on stickiness and NEB was 18 and 30 days, 66 and 96 days, and 90 and 102 days, in HDPE, EVOH laminate, and PET laminate, respectively. Similarly, the predicted oxygen limiting shelf‐life based on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was found to be 40, 75, and 86 days for milk‐foxtail millet powder and 32, 72, and 93 days for milk‐barnyard millet powder in HDPE, EVOH laminate, and PET laminate, respectively. The rate of deteriorative reactions was the lowest in PET laminate pouches because of its excellent barrier properties over that of HDPE and EVOH even at the adverse accelerated storage conditions. The simulation model was adequate and reliable in predicting the shelf‐life of milk‐millet powders in packaging materials with wide range of barrier properties.Practical ApplicationsDeteriorative reactions such as caking and nonenzymatic browning induced by moisture, and oxidative reactions induced by ingress of oxygen into the package, affect the shelf‐life of milk‐millet powders. For such food powders having long shelf‐life, regular and accelerated shelf‐life testing are cumbersome and sometimes untenable. Simulation and mathematical modeling of shelf‐life is an alternative to long‐term shelf‐life tests. In this study, models for predicting the shelf‐life of milk‐millet powders based on moisture gain and oxygen uptake were developed. Prediction of shelf‐life will be helpful to monitor the product stability against spoilage by deteriorative reactions. The models could also be used for evaluation of shelf‐life of millet‐ and other food powders in flexible packaging materials. The prediction model not only required less time and resources but also was adequately reliable.
Process optimization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from defatted flaxseed cake (Linum usitatissimu) using ultrasound‐assisted extraction method and its characterization
Authors: Singh Shikhangi , Shahi Navin Chandra , Lohani Umesh Chandra , Bhat Mohd Ishfaq , Sirohi Ranjna , Singh Shikha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use an ultrasound‐assisted approach to maximize the extraction of polyphenols from defatted flaxseed cake. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the power intensity (757, 1010, 1262 W/cm2), solid–liquid ratio (1: 10, 1:20, and 1:30 g/ml), and sonication time (15, 20, and 25 min), using a three‐factor Box–Behnken design. The optimization was done on the basis of different responses viz. extract yield, total phenolics content (TPC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The linear effect of power intensity was significant (p < .01) on all the responses. However, TPC assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity was only significantly affected by power intensity in a negative linear fashion. The interactive effect of power intensity with sonication time was also significant (p < .05) on all the responses. The optimized values obtained for extract yield, TPC assay, and DPPH antioxidant activity were 19.126%, 51.984 mg GAE/g, and 72.149%, respectively, under the optimal condition of power intensity 1013.69 W/cm2, solid–liquid ratio 22.83 g/ml, and sonication time 22.22 min. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that ultrasound‐assisted extraction effectively disrupted the defatted flaxseed cake powder, thereby improving polyphenol yield.Practical ApplicationDefatted flaxseed cakes are normally used as fodder in animal nutrition or as fuel in industries. Economically, the potentiality of the defatted flaxseed cake seems to be ignored as they can be the good source of raw materials in pharmaceutical or act as functional food ingredient. Most of the antioxidants used in foods are synthetic ones which and have been restricted recently due to some major health issues. Therefore, nowadays there is interest in finding natural sources of antioxidants. Enrichment of defatted flaxseed cake extract into food not only increases it stability but also the nutritional value.
Infrared drying of apple (Malus domestica) slices: Effect on drying and color kinetics, texture, rehydration, and microstructure
Authors: Aradwad Pramod P. , Thirumani Venkatesh Arun Kumar , Mani Indra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, apple slices were dried using infrared (IR) and hot air techniques and comprehensively analyzed in terms of drying and product characteristics. The influence of IR power level (450–650 W) and hot air temperature (60–75°C) on mass transfer, color kinetics, product texture, microstructure, and rehydration characteristics was studied. The results indicated that drying time, color change, and energy requirement were lower in IR drying than in hot air drying. Moisture diffusivity was observed to increase with IR power (3.367 × 10−9–5.579 × 10−9 m2/s) and hot air temperature (1.288 × 10−9–2.387 × 10−9 m2/s). The activation energies of apple slices in IR and hot air drying were 11.94 and 21.90 kJ/mol, respectively. IR‐dried apple slices were more crispy, with a porous structure and higher rehydration ability. Experimental data were fitted to nine different thin‐layer drying and four‐color kinetic models using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of regression analysis indicated that the Midilli–Kucuk model is the best model to describe the drying behavior in both techniques. The color characteristics (L, a, and b) can be best explained by the modified color model and total color change by fraction conversion model for both IR and hot air drying of apple slices. This study revealed that IR drying of apple slices results in a better quality product in less time and energy as compared to hot air drying.Practical applicationsDrying is a vital food processing and preservation technique based on the principle of reducing the water content of the product. Although several drying techniques are available, there have been continuous efforts to improve drying methods in terms of energy efficiency and product quality attributes. The present work has been carried out considering the dearth of information on the influence of infrared power/intensity on the drying behavior and product quality of apple slices. Mass and color kinetics have been studied for a better understanding of the process, along with texture, microstructure, and rehydration properties. Our results showed that the process is superior, in terms of energy and product quality, as compared to other published work. It is concluded that infrared drying can be effectively used in the dehydration of apple slices on an industrial scale and can be promoted as a healthy alternative to fried snacks.
Partial melting and reaction along deformation features in plagioclase
Authors: Incel Sarah , Baïsset Marie , Labrousse Loïc , Schubnel Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeological processes involving deformation and/or reactions are highly influenced by the rock grain size, especially if diffusion‐controlled processes take place such as metamorphic reactions and diffusion creep. Although many processes, inducing grain‐size reduction, are documented and understood at relatively high stresses and low temperatures (e.g., cataclasis) as well as at lower stress and higher temperature conditions (e.g., bulging and subgrain rotation), deformation twinning, a plastic deformation mechanism active in various minerals at lower temperatures, has been neglected as nucleation site for melting and reaction and thus as a cause for grain‐size reduction so far. We conducted experiments on natural plagioclase‐bearing aggregates at 2.5 to 3 GPa confining pressure and temperatures of 700°C to 950°C using two different deformation apparatus, a deformation multianvil apparatus (DDIA) and a Griggs press, as well as a piston‐cylinder apparatus. Regardless of the apparatus type, we observe the breakdown of plagioclase into an eclogite‐facies paragenesis, which is associated with partial melting in the high temperature domain of the eclogite facies. Partial melting mostly takes place along the grain and interphase boundaries. However, several melt patches or plagioclase decomposition products coincide with the occurrence of deformation twins and grain‐scale microcracking in plagioclase indicating intracrystalline melting and reaction in addition to melting and reaction along grain and interphase boundaries. In the present study, we demonstrate how the interplay between brittle microcracking and plastic deformation twinning can cause intracrystalline melting and/or reaction, which has the potential to lower the effective grain size of plagioclase‐rich rocks and thus impacts their reactivity and deformation behaviour.
Stress, social support, and racial differences: Dominant drivers of exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Isiguzo Chinwoke , Mendez Dara D. , Demirci Jill R. , Youk Ada , Mendez Gabriella , Davis Esa M. , Documet Patricia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding is recommended for 6 months; however, many childbearing people wean their infants before 6 months. Psychosocial factors such as stress, social support and race are significant determinants of breastfeeding; however, few studies have longitudinally explored the effect of perceived stress and various forms of social support on exclusive breastfeeding. We used quantitative methodologies to examine exclusive breastfeeding, perceived stress and social support among 251 participants from the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study. Participants between 18 and 44 years were recruited during pregnancy (irrespective of parity) and completed surveys in real‐time via Ecological Momentary Assessment up to 12 months postpartum from December 2017 to August 2021. We measured perceived stress with the adapted Perceived Stress Scale and perceived social support with the Multi‐dimensional Social Support Scale. Received social support was measured using a single question on breastfeeding support. We conducted a mixed‐effects logistic regression to determine the effect of stress, race and social support on exclusive breastfeeding over 6 months. We examined the moderation effect of perceived social support and breastfeeding support in the relationship between perceived stress and exclusive breastfeeding. Black, compared with White, participants were less likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Participants who reported higher perceived stress were less likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Perceived social support moderated the relationship between perceived stress and exclusive breastfeeding (odds ratio: 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.001–0.072). However, breastfeeding support directly increased the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding over 6 months. Perceived stress is negatively associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Birthing people who intend to breastfeed may benefit from perinatal support programs that include components to buffer stress.
Maize seed endophytes
Authors: Wallace Jason G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaize is a vital global crop, and each seed (kernel) hosts an ecosystem of microbes living inside it. However, we know very little about these endophytes and what their role is in plant production and physiology. In this Microreview, I summarize the major questions around maize seed endophytes, including what organisms are present, how they get there, whether and how they transmit across generations, and how they and the plant affect each other. Although several studies touch on each of these areas, ultimately there are far more questions than answers. Future priorities for research on maize seed endophytes should include understanding what adaptations allow microbes to be seed endophytes, how the host genetics and the environment affect these communities, and how maize seed endophytes ultimately contribute to the next generation of plants.
The cost of self‐promotion: ecological and demographic implications of the mentor effect in natural plant populations
Authors: Lynn Austin M. , Sullivan Lauren L. , Galen Candace 
Published: November 2022

SummaryUnder the mentor effect, compatible heterospecific pollen transfer induces self‐pollen germination in otherwise self‐incompatible plants. The mentor effect could be considered a novel mode of reproductive interference if it negatively impacts fitness. Yet to date, this phenomenon has predominately been investigated under experimental conditions rather thanin situ. We address this gap in natural populations of the self‐incompatible native dandelion,Taraxacum ceratophorum, where selfing only occurs in association with hybridization from exoticTaraxacum officinale.We tested whether self‐fertilization rate increases in the hybrid zone, as predicted due to the mentor effect. Using results from these investigations, we created an exponential growth model to estimate the potential demographic impacts of the mentor effect onT. ceratophorumpopulation growth.Our results demonstrate that the strength of the mentor effect inTaraxacumdepends on the prevalence of pollinator‐mediated outcross pollen deposition rather than self‐pollination. Demographic models suggest that reduced outcrossing inT. ceratophorumunder exotic invasion could negatively impact population growth through inbreeding depression.We demonstrate the mentor effect is rare in natural populations ofT. ceratophorumdue to masking by early life cycle inbreeding depression, prevalent outcrossing, and ovule usurpation by heterospecific pollen.
System mapping with adolescents: Using group model building to map the complexity of obesity
Authors: Savona Natalie , Brown Andrew , Macauley Talia , Aguiar Anaely , Hayward Josh , Ayuandini Sherria , Habron Janetta , Grewal Navnit Kaur , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Mendes Sofia , Klepp Knut‐Inge , Rutter Harry , Allender Steven , Knai Cécile 
Published: November 2022

SummaryPublic health research and practice is increasingly employing systems thinking to help grapple with complex issues, from obesity to HIV treatment. At the same time, there is growing recognition that to address a given problem it is essential collaborate with those most at risk of or affected by it. Group model building (GMB), a process grounded in system dynamics, combines systems thinking and participatory methods to structure and address complex issues. As part of the CO‐CREATE project we conducted GMB sessions with young people in six countries to create causal loop diagrams showing the factors that they believe drive obesity. This paper describes the background to GMB and the process we used to construct causal loop diagrams; it discusses how GMB contributed to generating noteworthy and useful findings, and the strengths and limitations of the method. Using GMB, we identified areas of concern to adolescents in relation to obesity that have so far had little attention in obesity research and policy: mental health and online activity. In using GMB, we also helped answer calls for a more participatory approach to youth involvement in research and policy development.
Characterization of FA1654: A putative DPS protein in Filifactor alocis
Authors: Mangar Malissa , Mishra Arunima , Yang Zhengrong , Deivanayagam Champion , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe survival/adaptation of Filifactor alocis, a fastidious Gram‐positive asaccharolytic anaerobe, to the inflammatory environment of the periodontal pocket requires an ability to overcome oxidative stress. Moreover, its pathogenic characteristics are highlighted by its capacity to survive in the oxidative‐stress microenvironment of the periodontal pocket and a likely ability to modulate the microbial community dynamics. There is still a significant gap in our understanding of its mechanism of oxidative stress resistance and its impact on the virulence and pathogenicity of the microbial biofilm. Coinfection of epithelial cells with F. alocis and Porphyromonas gingivalis resulted in the upregulation of several genes, including HMPREF0389_01654 (FA1654). Bioinformatics analysis indicates that FA1654 has a “di‐iron binding domain” and could function as a DNA starvation and stationary phase protection (DPS) protein. We have further characterized the FA1654 protein to determine its role in oxidative stress resistance in F. alocis. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress, there was an ∼1.3 fold upregulation of the FA1654 gene in F. alocis. Incubation of the purified FA1654 protein with DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron resulted in the protection of the DNA from Fenton‐mediated degradation. Circular dichroism and differential scanning fluorimetry studies have documented the intrinsic ability of rFA1654 protein to bind iron; however, the rFA1654 protein is missing the intrinsic ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide. Collectively, the data may suggest that FA1654 in F. alocis is involved in oxidative stress resistance via an ability to protect against Fenton‐mediated oxidative stress‐induced damage.