bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An asynchronous inertial algorithm for solving convex feasibility problems with strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Bello A.U. , Nnakwe M.O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFinding a common point in a finite intersection of sets, say, $C=\cap _{i=1}^{n} F(T_i)$, where each $T_i$ is a non-expansive-type mapping, is a central task in mathematics as it cuts across different areas of application, such as road design and medical image reconstruction. There are many algorithms for approximating solutions of such problems. Of particular interest in the implementation of these algorithms are cost and speed. This is due to the large computations to be performed at each step of the iterative process. One of the most efficient methods that optimizes the time of computation and cost of implementation is the asynchronous-parallel algorithm method. In this paper, we prove a weak convergence theorem for the asynchronous sequential inertial (ASI) algorithm (introduced by Heaton and Censor in [H. Heaton and Y. Censor, Asynchronous sequential inertial iterations for common fixed points problems with an application to linear systems, J. Glob. Optim. 74 (2019), 95–119.] ) for strictly pseudo-contractive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Under additional mild conditions, we also obtain a strong convergence theorem. Finally, we apply the ASI algorithm to solving convex minimization problems and Hammerstein integral equations.
Introduction: Regulation and Domestic Service in Colonial Histories
Authors: Haskins Victoria , Sen Samita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay introduces the Special Theme on regulation and domestic service in colonial societies. It provides a brief overview of the key themes of domestic service and regulation in the history of colonial states, and reflects upon the ways in which the colonial past is deployed in contemporary calls for the regulation of domestic work by the state, to secure the rights and protections of present-day workers as modern, free subjects. We note that, while much more work needs to done on this subject, current scholarship suggests that the status of the domestic worker and the extent of regulation in colonial contexts was historically unclear and often ambivalent. The three articles that constitute the Special Theme are then discussed in turn, to highlight the important insights, both empirical and theoretical, they offer to our deeper understanding of this complex history.
Cognitive function in early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: IQ subtypes, brain volume and immune markers
Authors: Watson Andrew J. , Giordano Annalisa , Suckling John , Barnes Thomas R. E. , Husain Nusrat , Jones Peter B. , Krynicki Carl R. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Lewis Shôn , Nikkheslat Naghmeh , Pariante Carmine M. , Upthegrove Rachel , Deakin Bill , Dazzan Paola , Joyce Eileen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that cognitive subtypes exist in schizophrenia that may reflect different neurobiological trajectories. We aimed to identify whether IQ-derived cognitive subtypes are present in early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and examine their relationship with brain structure and markers of neuroinflammation.Method161 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (<5 years) were recruited. Estimated premorbid and current IQ were calculated using the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading and a 4-subtest WAIS-III. Cognitive subtypes were identified with k-means clustering. Freesurfer was used to analyse 3.0 T MRI. Blood samples were analysed for hs-CRP, IL-1RA, IL-6 and TNF-α.ResultsThree subtypes were identified indicating preserved (PIQ), deteriorated (DIQ) and compromised (CIQ) IQ. Absolute total brain volume was significantly smaller in CIQ compared to PIQ and DIQ, and intracranial volume was smaller in CIQ than PIQ (F(2, 124)= 6.407,p= 0.002) indicative of premorbid smaller brain size in the CIQ group. CIQ had higher levels of hs-CRP than PIQ (F(2, 131)= 5.01,p= 0.008). PIQ showed differentially impaired processing speed and verbal learning compared to IQ-matched healthy controls.ConclusionsThe findings add validity of a neurodevelopmental subtype of schizophrenia identified by comparing estimated premorbid and current IQ and characterised by smaller premorbid brain volume and higher measures of low-grade inflammation (CRP).
For Whom Hesperus Shines: An Astronomical Allusion in Roman Epithalamic Poetry
Authors: Guidetti Fabio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reconstructs the history and meaning of a hitherto unexplained astronomical allusion recurring several times in Roman epithalamic poetry: the association of the evening star with Mount Oeta. By examining the iterations of this motif in surviving Latin literature (especially Catullus 62, Vergil's Eclogue 8 and the pseudo-Vergilian Ciris), I propose to explain the original meaning of this association as a mythological reference to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, offering a reconstruction of the Hellenistic epithalamic context where it was probably invented, and an interpretation of its function in each of the poems under consideration. The results of this analysis shed new light on some of the most well-known texts of Latin literature, allowing us to understand how this allusion was used to explore the relations between the genres of epithalamic poetry, bucolic and epyllion.
Conceptualising childhood as a relational status: parenting adult children in sixteenth-century England
Authors: Cannon Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores the status of child as a relational one, defined by the power dynamics between parents and children rather than the young age of the individual. This approach complicates historiographical perspectives on the transition between childhood and adulthood, usually defined by historians as independence from parental regulation. Analysis of family correspondence from early modern England is used as a case study to explore conflicting patriarchal ideals that encouraged individuals to become independent householders, but also venerated filial obedience. It shows the broader application of this research to historians considering age as a category of analysis.
Persecuted or permitted? Fraternal Polyandry in a Calvinist colony, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Authors: Kok Jan , Bulten Luc , de Leede Bente M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral studies assume that Calvinist Christianity severely undermined or even persecuted the practice of polyandry in the Sri Lankan areas under Dutch control. We analyze Dutch colonial policy and Church activities toward polyandry by combining ecclesiastical and legal sources. Moreover, we use the Dutch colonial administration of the Sinhalese population to estimate the prevalence of polyandry. We conclude that polyandry was far from extinct by the end of the Dutch period and we argue that the colonial government was simply not knowledgeable, interested and effective enough to persecute the practice in the rural areas under its control.
“This Crisis of Our History”: The Colored Conventions Movement and the Temporal Construction of Southern Politics
Authors: Herron Paul E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter defeat in the Civil War, the white South used time as a tool of political oppression. Myths of the “Old South” and the “Lost Cause” distorted history and public memory; vagrancy laws and labor regulations controlled the time of the newly free; grandfather clauses distributed rights based on past conditions; and attacks on education, labor, and democratic rights undermined progress in the “New South.” In this article, I show that Black southerners also recognized the political value of time. My source for their sentiments is the Colored Conventions Movement. From 1865 to 1900, dozens of conventions gathered in the South, at a significantly higher rate than in other regions. Delegates deployed temporal rhetoric of the past, present, and future in pursuit of equality and justice by (1) publicly recounting African American history and national contributions to counter white narratives, (2) arguing that emancipation was a new founding moment and the present a time of ongoing crisis, and (3) demanding labor and education rights to secure the future. Scholars of American political development often consider time in studies of institutional change; we should also explore the use of time as a political tool and how temporality illuminates American racial dynamics.
The Advocates Library, Edinburgh
Authors: Berry Sara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article Sara Berry provides an account of some of the history relating to the Advocates Library in Edinburgh. She explains how the Advocates Library played a key role in the Scottish Enlightenment and acted as Scotland's national library up to the foundation of the National Library of Scotland in 1925. The article also looks at the library's integral role in supporting Faculty Members and the Scottish justice system through history to modern day. The last section looks at some of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Members, library staff and working practices.
ON THE GEOMETRY OF THE PAPPAS–RAPOPORT MODELS FOR PEL SHIMURA VARIETIES
Authors: Bijakowski Stéphane , Hernandez Valentin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article we study integral models of Shimura varieties, called Pappas–Rapoport splitting model, for ramified P.E.L. Shimira data. We study the special fiber and some stratification of these models, in particular we show that these are smooth and the Rapoport locus and the
$\mu $
-ordinary locus are dense, under some condition on the ramification.
Stakeholder-driven adaptive research (SDAR): better research products
Authors: DeLong Alia N. , Swisher Marilyn E. , Chase Carlene A. , Zhao Xin , Liburd Oscar E. , Gao Zhifeng , Bolques Alejandro , Gu Sanjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRapid changes in economic, environmental and social conditions generate both problems and opportunities in agriculture. The cycle from problem identification through discovery of potential solutions is lengthy. The objective of this study was to use collaborative methods to speed the cycle of discovery in sustainable organic strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production systems in the southeastern USA. This method, stakeholder-driven adaptive research (SDAR), combines farmers' experiential knowledge with scientists' experimental knowledge to develop rigorous research design collectively. Farmers evaluated our biological research and co-designed research experiments with scientists. Farmers and other stakeholders (1) evaluated on-station experiments individually and then made recommendations as a group, (2) served as advisory council members to direct our goals and objectives, and (3) conducted farmer field trials where they implemented aspects of our on-station experiments under their management regimes. The results eliminated potential solutions that were not feasible, ineffective or too costly for farmers to adopt. Key results included eliminating treatments using high tunnel systems altogether on one field trial on a University of Florida (UF) research facility, adding a leguminous cover crop mix treatment, adding companion planting, and eliminating strawberry cultivars Strawberry Festival and Florida Beauty from our research trials. Our proposed methodology allows farmers and other stakeholders to inform the biological research from design through dissemination to reduce the time needed to create research products in an era of rapid bio-physical, social and economic change. Accelerating the discovery cycle could significantly improve our ability to identify and address threats to the USA and global food and fiber production system.
Towards a Methodology for Specifying States’ Mitigation Obligations in Line with the Equity Principle and Best Available Science
Authors: Ritz Violetta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article argues that an improved legal methodology is needed to ensure that states’ greenhouse gas emissions mitigation obligations are specified in line with best available science and the equity principle. In this vein, the article explores the extent to which the ‘meta-equity assessment’ of states’ emissions by the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) can contribute to this aim. The article finds that the CAT's PRIMAP Equity tool, embedded in the Potsdam Real-time Integrated Model for the probabilistic Assessment of emission Paths, offers the best available approach to distributing a global carbon budget among states in line with equity criteria recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The emissions data and global pathways used in the PRIMAP Equity tool can be updated. The major challenge ahead lies in understanding which of the emissions and temperature pathways can be applied in the legal context, and how.
Causal Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Global Soil Moisture Over the Period 2015–2100
Authors: Le Thanh , Bae Deg‐Hyo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil moisture is an important element of the Earth system that influences both mean and extreme climate, hydrological cycle, vegetation growth and agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to understand the factors that drive soil moisture variability. Soil moisture variations have been shown to be affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in several regions. However, the causal impacts of ENSO on global soil moisture remain elusive, particularly regarding the future periods under warming environment. Here we assessed the causal effects of ENSO on soil moisture at the global scale over the 2015–2100 period using data from Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. We find that ENSO is likely to have causal impacts on soil moisture over areas of northern Australia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, Southeast Asia, large parts of South America, middle and western Asia, and parts of southern North America. The results show low consistency between CMIP6 models for the causal impacts of ENSO over Southeast Asia while the models' consensus is higher over eastern Africa, western Asia, Australia, south central North America, and South America. In addition, our results suggested an expansion in the spatial influences of ENSO on regional soil moisture for the future period 2015–2100 compared to the historical period 1915–2000. As soil moisture is an essential part of the water cycle and prediction of ENSO events is achievable, these results might have implications for regional water resources management in the future.
A Simple Monte Carlo Approach to Estimate the Uncertainties of SST and δ18Osw Inferred From Coral Proxies
Authors: Watanabe Takaaki K. , Pfeiffer Miriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe skeletons of massive corals inhabiting tropical and subtropical oceans grow over centuries. The chemical and isotopic compositions of their skeletons reflect changes in the marine environment and provide an archive of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity at a high temporal resolution spanning decades to centuries. Stable oxygen isotope ratios in coral skeletons (δ18Oc) are an excellent proxy for SST and the stable oxygen isotopic composition in seawater (δ18Osw). Variations in δ18Osw serve as a hydrological proxy and are routinely estimated by subtracting the SST component from δ18Oc. The SST component of δ18Oc is inferred from coral Sr/Ca (SST proxy). Both Sr/Ca and δ18Oc are converted to SST units based on Sr/Ca‐ and (δ18Oc–δ18Osw)‐SST calibrations. However, the exact slope values of the Sr/Ca‐SST and (δ18Oc–δ18Osw)‐SST calibrations are challenging to assess, which hampers the reliable estimation of SST, δ18Osw, and their uncertainties. Here, we present a simple Monte Carlo approach to estimate variations in SST and δ18Osw together with their confidence intervals. Our approach improves on previous error propagation methods by including intercolonial differences of calibration slopes in addition to analytical errors. In addition, Monte Carlo experiments using adjusted errors suggest that uncertainties in the calibration slopes have a minor influence on estimates of SST and δ18Osw.
Tracking Shallow Convective Mixing and Its Influence on Low‐Level Clouds With Stable Water Isotopes in Vapor
Authors: Hu Jun , Bailey Adriana , Nusbaumer Jesse , Dee Sylvia , Sasser Christiana , Worden John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow‐cloud feedbacks contribute large uncertainties to climate projections and estimated climate sensitivity. A key physical process modulating low‐cloud feedbacks is shallow convective mixing between the boundary layer and the free troposphere. However, there are challenges in acquiring observational constraints of shallow convective mixing with global coverage. To this end, we propose a novel approach to constraining convective mixing using stable water vapor isotope profiles from satellite retrievals. We demonstrate that the vertical gradient of water vapor δD between the boundary layer and free troposphere can be used to track shallow convective mixing. Analyzing isotopes in water vapor alongside low‐cloud properties from satellite retrievals, we find that low‐cloud fraction appears largely insensitive to convective mixing in shallow cumulus regions. Our results also suggest that strong shallow convective mixing is associated with the moistening of the free troposphere. The new estimate of shallow convective mixing and its relationship with low‐cloud properties offers a potential constraint on simulations of low‐cloud feedbacks and estimates of climate sensitivity.
Study of Suspended Sediment Diffusion Coefficients in Submerged Vegetation Flow
Authors: Li Da , Yang Zhonghua , Guo Man 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe traditional profile model of the sediment diffusion coefficient (), which is parabolic along the water depth, cannot precisely predict the vertical distribution of in vegetated flow. Therefore, in this study, a series of flume experiments were conducted to clarify the influence of submerged vegetation on the diffusion characteristics of suspended load particles. First, the submerged canopy increases the efficiency of momentum exchange but restrains the vertical diffusion of suspended sediment, indicating that the presence of submerged plants promotes the siltation of solid particles. Second, the depth‐averaged sediment diffusion coefficient () monotonically decreases with increasing relative water depth, while the depth‐averaged momentum exchange coefficient () presents two opposite trends, likely owing to the dominant turbulence event changing from ejections to sweeps and the different variation tendencies of the velocity gradient and Reynolds shear stress with increasing vegetation density. Compared with the ratio () of to the momentum exchange coefficient in nonvegetated flow, in submerged canopy flow is significantly less than 1, which means that the solid particles diffuse less readily than liquid particles because of the stem‐scale vortices generated by the vegetation. In addition, vertical profile models of and suspended sediment concentration were proposed and validated by experimental data. The models exhibit a high accuracy, correlation and applicability and can provide critical information to promote research on riverbed deformation and nutrient dynamics in vegetated rivers, wetlands and estuaries.
Lifespan extension with preservation of hippocampal function in aged system xc−-deficient male mice
Authors: Verbruggen Lise , Ates Gamze , Lara Olaya , De Munck Jolien , Villers Agnès , De Pauw Laura , Ottestad-Hansen Sigrid , Kobayashi Sho , Beckers Pauline , Janssen Pauline , Sato Hideyo , Zhou Yun , Hermans Emmanuel , Njemini Rose , Arckens Lutgarde , Danbolt Niels C. , De Bundel Dimitri , Aerts Joeri L. , Barbé Kurt , Guillaume Benoit , Ris Laurence , Bentea Eduard , Massie Ann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− has been identified as the major source of extracellular glutamate in several brain regions as well as a modulator of neuroinflammation, and genetic deletion of its specific subunit xCT (xCT−/−) is protective in mouse models for age-related neurological disorders. However, the previously observed oxidative shift in the plasma cystine/cysteine ratio of adult xCT−/− mice led to the hypothesis that system xc− deletion would negatively affect life- and healthspan. Still, till now the role of system xc− in physiological aging remains unexplored. We therefore studied the effect of xCT deletion on the aging process of mice, with a particular focus on the immune system, hippocampal function, and cognitive aging. We observed that male xCT−/− mice have an extended lifespan, despite an even more increased plasma cystine/cysteine ratio in aged compared to adult mice. This oxidative shift does not negatively impact the general health status of the mice. On the contrary, the age-related priming of the innate immune system, that manifested as increased LPS-induced cytokine levels and hypothermia in xCT+/+ mice, was attenuated in xCT−/− mice. While this was associated with only a very moderate shift towards a more anti-inflammatory state of the aged hippocampus, we observed changes in the hippocampal metabolome that were associated with a preserved hippocampal function and the retention of hippocampus-dependent memory in male aged xCT−/− mice. Targeting system xc− is thus not only a promising strategy to prevent cognitive decline, but also to promote healthy aging.
Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling
Authors: Wang Lijun , You Xiuling , Zhang Lingli , Zhang Changqing , Zou Weiguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.
Functional hydrogels for the treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Tengling , Liu Wenguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major disease posing a significant threat to human health, as it leads to necrosis of numerous cardiomyocytes (CMs), left ventricle dilation, and cardiac dysfunction, ultimately resulting in heart failure. Owing to the shortage of heart donors and the shortcomings of current clinical treatment methods, significant resources have been dedicated to developing platforms for cardiac tissue engineering, including functional hydrogels. Herein, we review variations in the myocardial microenvironment and the effects of functional hydrogel systems that are designed to support and mimic this microenvironment during cardiac repair following MI. Specifically, we provide an overview of recent functional hydrogels designed for cardiac tissue engineering. These include matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogels, reactive oxygen species-scavenging hydrogels and immunomodulatory hydrogels, which can reverse the adverse myocardial microenvironment. Additionally, we describe conductive hydrogels that can reconstruct electrical signal conduction within infarct areas, vascularized hydrogels that promote the repair of cardiac function, and 3D-printed hydrogels, which can achieve personal customized cardiac tissue via printing of intact cardiac structures, thus addressing the current shortage of heart donors.