bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recovery trajectory of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in randomised controlled trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of operative and nonoperative treatments
Authors: Ridha Ali , Raj Siddarth , Searle Henry , Ahmed Imran , Smith Nicholas , Metcalfe Andrew , Khatri Chetan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this research was to understand the trajectory of recovery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction compared to nonoperative treatments.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis approach was used to evaluate randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive search was conducted on databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up until 18 May 2023. The study focused on full‐text RCTs involving patients with partial or complete ACL tears. Included were studies focusing on patients undergoing ACL reconstruction or nonoperative care. The primary outcome was characterising the effects of treatments and tracking changes in International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC) outcomes over time. The secondary outcome was characterising and tracking the changes of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score subscales, ACL‐quality‐of‐life questionnaire, Lysholm, Tegner and CKRS scores.ResultsA total of 84 RCTs were included. The pooled standardised mean changes for the IKDC compared with baseline were: 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3–3.6) at 3 months, 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9–3.6) at 6 months, 2.2 (95% CI: 0.8–3.6) at 12 months and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3–3.4) at 24 months. Graphs illustrating IKDC scores over time further emphasise these findings, showing a sustained improvement over time to 12 months, with a plateauing of scores past this time point. Our secondary outcome patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) also showed a similar pattern with scores plateauing at the 12‐months mark.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the IKDC score and other PROMs are effective for tracking recovery up to 12 months. Other PROMs show pain and daily activities generally recover within 6 months, and quality of life improves up to 12 months, but PROMs show minimal improvement beyond this period. This inconsistency with a return sport period indicates that PROMs may lack the sensitivity required to assess this aspect of recovery accurately.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Knee muscle strength and movement biomechanics in individuals with and without knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bandak Elisabeth , Stenroth Lauri , Bosch Will , Krommes Kasper , Berg Johannes Iuel , Aagaard Henrik , Haugegaard Micael , Hölmich Per , Bliddal Henning , Henriksen Marius , Alkjær Tine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeAnterior cruciate ligament injury increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis, possibly via early onset of knee pain and changes in musculoskeletal function. This study compared knee muscle strength and movement biomechanics during walking and forward lunge between individuals with and without knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.MethodsCross‐sectional study including participants at least 3 years post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, aged 18–40 at the time of surgery, and body mass index ≤30. Symptomatic participants were defined by a knee pain score (reconstructed knee) of ≥3 on a 0–10 scale during activities of daily living in the past week. Asymptomatic participants were defined by a pain score of 0. Maximal isometric quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength (Nm/kg) and 3D walking, and forward lunge movement biomechanics were measured.ResultsA total of 122 participants (30% females) were included: 33 symptomatic and 89 asymptomatic (average age: 33.7, range 23.7–51.3 years). The average post‐surgery time was 6 (range 3–10) years. The symptomatic group exhibited lower isometric quadriceps and hamstring strength with mean group differences (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.33 (0.10 to 0.56) Nm/kg and 0.19 (0.07 to 0.31) Nm/kg, respectively. There were no important group differences in the walking and forward lunge movement biomechanics.ConclusionsSymptomatic individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrated weaker knee muscles compared to their asymptomatic counterparts. The comparable walking and forward lunge biomechanics suggest that knee pain has no substantial impact on movement biomechanics up to 10 years post‐surgery.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Extraction of Desertification Information and Spatiotemporal Change in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Based on Optimal Feature Space Combination
Authors: Zhi Ying , Liu Shulin , Wang Tao , Duan Hanchen , Kang Wenping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDesertification seriously threatens the ecosystem security of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and the sustainable development of human society. The regional warming and humidification of the climate caused by global warming have brought uncertainty to the desertification development trend of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, it is crucial to pay close attention to the status and trends of desertification. In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indexes, albedo and topsoil grain size index (TGSI) data for the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau were collected by Google Earth Engine (GEE) from 2000 to 2020, established an optimal monitoring model for desertification on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau using the feature space, and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution patterns. The results show that the albedo‐modified soil‐adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) model is the most suitable for desertification monitoring in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau region, with an overall accuracy of 88.07%. Generally, desertification on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau shows an overall improving trend from 2000 to 2020, with the proportion of non‐desertification areas rising from 61% in 2000 to 70% in 2020. The desertification situation in most parts of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau shows a worsening rebound from 2010 to 2015, and then improves. There are constant transitions between adjacent levels of desertification land, with more active low desertification land and more stable bare desert. This study provides a simple, feasible, and highly accurate desertification monitoring method for the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau region, and provides important data support for the driving mechanism and control measures of desertification.
Contrasting Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Between Arid and Alpine Grasslands When Converted From Shrublands
Authors: Peng Zhen , Cao Jingjuan , Degen A. Allan , Huang Mei , Qi Tianyun , Luo Binyu , Liu Peipei , Shang Zhanhuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe conversion of shrubland to grassland alters primarily the vegetation, but the impact of this conversion on the carbon budget and carbon management in arid and alpine regions remains poorly understood. To fill this research gap, we compared the effects of shrubland‐to‐grassland conversion, which has been ongoing for at least a decade, on soil organic carbon (SOC) between arid and alpine regions, and examined the mechanisms involved. Shrubland converted to grassland led to a 470% increase in SOC in arid regions; whereas, it led to a 41.4% decrease in SOC in alpine regions. In the conversion to grassland in arid regions, there was a shift in plant species from low‐ to high‐carbon plants, which enhanced carbon input into the soil and facilitated faster decomposition, resulting in an increase in SOC. However, in the conversion to grassland in alpine regions, an opposite trend occurred, resulting in a decrease in SOC. The increase in SOC in arid regions occurred in the late conversion stage; whereas, the decrease in SOC in alpine regions occurred in the early conversion stage. The soil nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P) and the heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) were identified as the most important drivers of SOC in arid and alpine regions, respectively, while ecological stoichiometry was the key factor in SOC dynamics. This study provides important insights in SOC dynamics in the conversion of shrubland to grassland. The conversion of shrublands shoud take into account climatic factors, particularly in alpine regions, where shrub removal should be minimized to reduce carbon loss.
Mechanisms and Suppression of Quantum Dot Blinking
Authors: Yang Changgang , Zhang Guofeng , Li Jialu , Chen Ruiyun , Qin Chengbing , Hu Jianyong , Yang Zhichun , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their unique optoelectronic properties and great potential for applications. QD photoluminescence (PL) blinking research has made a significant contribution to the development of high quality QD materials and related applications. Almost all colloidal QDs are subject to PL blinking, a phenomenon in which the PL intensity of single QD randomly switches between different emission states. The blinking behavior disrupts the PL emission of QDs and hinders related QD‐based applications. Studies of QD blinking provide insight into the blinking mechanisms and contribute to the development of methods to suppress blinking. This review summarizes the significant advances in the understanding of PL blinking mechanisms and the development of suppression strategies since the first observation of PL blinking in single QDs. Specifically, it covers the Auger‐blinking mechanism, the band‐edge carrier blinking mechanism, the conversion of blinking types and their origins, the size dependence of blinking behavior, and various advanced blinking suppression strategies. Looking ahead, the integration of the advanced suppression strategies into various QD applications to unlock the full potential of colloidal QDs will be a key focus of future research.
Performance Testing, Corrosion Behavior, and Corrosion Product Analysis of Cast Magnesium and Its Alloys
Authors: Song Yuwei , Guo Chuanping , He Jun , Shi Chenchen , Liu Peng , Qiao Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate the biocompatibility of magnesium and its alloys, this study examines surface bubble changes and corrosion product formation in cast Mg, Mg‐0.8Ca, and Mg‐2.0Zn‐1.6Ca under 37°C simulated body fluid. Corrosion products on pure magnesium surfaces protect the substrate and lower corrosion rates. A 1‐week in vitro immersion test confirmed that corrosion products from all three materials are harmless to the human body. Electrochemical experiments align with in vitro findings, showing pure Mg has the best corrosion resistance, while Mg‐2.0Zn‐1.6Ca has the poorest. Tensile and bending tests reveal that alloying improves the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. These results have significant scientific and practical value for advancing magnesium alloys in biomedicine, optimizing material design, and enhancing performance.
Comparative Analysis of Two Elastic Types of Surface‐Crosslinked Gelatin Nanoparticles as Suitable Systems for Macromolecular Drug Delivery
Authors: Novak Armin W. , Pochmann Stefan V. , Horn Alexander , Weiss Agnes‐Valencia , Schneider Marc 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith a steadily rising number of novel biopharmaceuticals in development, the demand for applicable delivery systems for macromolecular drugs persists. Polymeric nanoparticles, consisting of the natural product gelatin, present beneficial attributes for this application. To stabilize those nanoparticles without interfering with encapsulated macromolecules, surface‐crosslinked gelatin particles are developed and thoroughly characterized for their physicochemical and mechanical properties. With only limited data available for the latter, investigating the elastic properties can offer a more comprehensive understanding of the crosslinking processes involved and of the gelatin particles’ potential applications. In this study, protocols for surface‐crosslinked gelatin particles type A (GNP‐A) and B (GNP‐B) are described. Significant differences between the two types of gelatin are reported regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties. GNP‐A consists of a lower crosslinking degree, leading to pronounced swelling in aqueous environments and softer nanoparticles. They possess contrary properties compared to the more extensively crosslinked and stiffer GNP‐B. However, this doesn't affect encapsulation efficiency, allowing to develop nanoparticulate systems suitable for various applications by adjusting the particle properties while maintaining the same drug load. These findings provide a deeper understanding of polymeric gelatin particles and reveal the importance of investigating the mechanical properties of drug delivery systems during pharmaceutical development.
Decoding Sugars: Mass Spectrometric Advances in the Analysis of the Sugar Alphabet
Authors: van Ede Jitske M. , Soic Dinko , Pabst Martin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMonosaccharides play a central role in metabolic networks and in the biosynthesis of glycomolecules, which perform essential functions across all domains of life. Thus, identifying and quantifying these building blocks is crucial in both research and industry. Routine methods have been established to facilitate the analysis of common monosaccharides. However, despite the presence of common metabolites, most organisms utilize distinct sets of monosaccharides and derivatives. These molecules therefore display a large diversity, potentially numbering in the hundreds or thousands, with many still unknown. This complexity presents significant challenges in the study of glycomolecules, particularly in microbes, including pathogens and those with the potential to serve as novel model organisms. This review discusses mass spectrometric techniques for the isomer‐sensitive analysis of monosaccharides, their derivatives, and activated forms. Although mass spectrometry allows for untargeted analysis and sensitive detection in complex matrices, the presence of stereoisomers and extensive modifications necessitates the integration of advanced chromatographic, electrophoretic, ion mobility, or ion spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, stable‐isotope incorporation studies are critical in elucidating biosynthetic routes in novel organisms.
Evaluating Financial Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence From India
Authors: Das Ramjeevan Prasad , Jha Manish Kumar , Jha Amit Prakash 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study uses the MIX Market database to evaluate the financial efficiency of 30 diverse microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India based on their legal status, such as banks, NBFIs, NGOs, and credit unions from 2015 to 2019, which is rare in the existing research. To enhance the reliability of our financial efficiency assessments, we employed an intricate econometric method using two‐stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) and bootstrap techniques. We additionally applied the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to determine changes in efficiency over time in the Indian context. The research provides valuable insights into MFI performance using network data envelopment analysis, the Bootstrap model, and the Malmquist Productivity Index. The results yield that Bharat Financial, Rashtriya Seva Samiti, and Lok Biradri Trust are the most efficient institutions, and Annapurna Co‐operative has the lowest efficiency of 0.6920 per overall average financial efficiency score, whereas Dhosa has the most significant overall MPI score. On average, these MFIs have a financial efficiency rate of 85.5%, with a mean efficiency score of 0.835 in stages 1 and 2 and 0.97544 total MPI. Hence, the MFIs are financially efficient and sustainable. These findings emphasize and provide invaluable insights to the government and industry practitioners in their policy‐making to improve the essential role that MFIs play in promoting sustainable development and accomplishing the goal of poverty alleviation, contributing to the economic development and empowerment of poor people.
Quantum Integral Inequalities Via Different Variants of Parameterized Harmonically Convex Functions on Finite Intervals With Related Applications
Authors: Shah Ahsan Fareed , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Wong Patricia J. Y. , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib , Umair Shahzad Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work introduces a new concept, ‐harmonically ‐convex function, which covers some important variants of harmonically convex functions previously presented in the literature. We have established well‐known Hermite‐Hadamard–type integral inequalities for this newly defined convexity using generalized quantum integrals. In addition, we discussed this well‐known inequality on finite intervals using quantum integrals. Finally, we validated our unique findings using some examples, such as Python‐programmed graphs and Mathematica.
Single‐Machine Scheduling to Minimize the Size of Input Buffer
Authors: Tanaka Shunji , Lin Bertrand M. T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates a single‐machine scheduling problem with a finite‐capacity input buffer. In this problem, each job is assigned to the machine at its release date and started immediately or sent to the input buffer to wait for processing. The problem in this study is to find a schedule that minimizes the required size of the input buffer. Its strong NP‐hardness will be shown first, and next, a pseudo‐polynomial time dynamic program will be developed for another ordinary NP‐hard case. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented using different formulation approaches. We also design four heuristic algorithms to produce approximate solutions in a reasonable time. Numerical experiments appraise the effectiveness of the formulations.
Construction of a C1$$ {C}^1 $$ Polygonal Spline Element Based on the Scaled Boundary Coordinates
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Yi , Li Chong‐Jun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe construct a new polygonal spline finite element method based on the scaled boundary coordinates to address the plate bending problems in the Kirchhoff‐love formulation. The Bernstein interpolations are utilized in both radial and circumferential directions in the scaled boundary coordinates. Firstly, the continuity conditions inside an S‐domain and normal derivatives constraining conditions are imposed by a simple linear system on the S‐net coefficients. Secondly, to satisfy the connection between different polygonal elements, we construct the Hermite interpolation by equivalently transforming part of the S‐net coefficients to proper boundary degrees of freedom, namely, three degrees of freedom at each vertex and a normal derivative at the midpoint of each edge. Moreover, we discuss the convergence analysis of the proposed element over convex meshes by finding the necessary and sufficient geometric conditions, where the corresponding unisolvency theorem is proved by studying the dimension of the spline space . This proposed spline element base have explicit expressions, and the computation of the stiffness matrix can be greatly simplified by using the S‐net coefficients. Some numerical tests verify the cubic polynomial completeness, the optimal 4th‐order convergence rate, and the continuity of the derivatives. It also shows other good properties like superconvergence in the square mesh and insensitivity to the mesh distortion.
Time‐restricted eating, caloric reduction, and unrestricted eating effects on weight and metabolism: a randomized trial
Authors: Oldenburg Niki , Mashek Douglas G. , Harnack Lisa , Wang Qi , Manoogian Emily N. C. , Evanoff Nicholas , Dengel Donald R. , Taddese Abdisa , Yentzer Brad P. , Lysne Lesia , Wong Alison , Hanson Michelle , Anderson Julie D. , Alvear Alison , LaPage Nicole , Ryder Justin , Varady Krista , Gao Zan , Ryu Suryeon , Bolan Patrick J. , Bergman Bryan , Helgeson Erika , Panda Satchidananda , Chow Lisa S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic improvements may precede weight loss. We compared the effects of self‐selected 8‐h time‐restricted eating (TRE), 15% caloric restriction (CR), and unrestricted eating (UE) on weight, body composition, caloric intake, glycemic measures, and metabolic flexibility.MethodsIn this 12‐week randomized‐controlled trial, we measured weight (primary outcome), body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging), caloric intake (24‐h recall), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry during hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp), and glycemic measures (hemoglobin A1c, hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp, continuous glucose monitoring).ResultsOf the 88 enrolled participants, 81 (92%) completed the trial (mean [SD], age, 43.2 [10.5] years, BMI, 36.2 [5.1] kg/m2; 54.5% female, 84.1% White). Final eating windows were 9.8 h (95% CI: 9.0 to 10.6) for TRE, 12.9 h (95% CI: 11.9 to 13.9) for CR, and 11.8 h (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.7) for UE. Compared with UE (n = 29), weight changes were −1.4 kg (95% CI: −4.5 to 1.7; p = 0.53) with TRE (n = 30) and −2.5 kg (95% CI: −5.8 to 0.8; p = 0.18) with CR (n = 29). TRE showed lower metabolic flexibility than CR (−0.041 [95% CI: −0.080 to −0.002]). Weight, body composition, caloric intake, and glycemic measures were similar among groups. Eating window reduction correlated with decreased caloric intake and visceral fat.ConclusionsIn a 12‐week intervention, TRE did not lead to significant improvements in weight, average body composition, or glycemic or metabolic measures compared with CR or UE.
Prognostic Value of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Children and Adolescents with High‐Grade Mature B‐Cell Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Real‐World Outcomes Study
Authors: Zeng Chenggong , Wei Zhiqing , Huang Junting , Zhu Jia , Sun Feifei , Wang Juan , Lu Suying , Zhang Yizhuo , Sun Xiaofei , Zhen Zijun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle progress has been made in determining prognostic factors for patients with high‐grade mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (HG B‐NHL). Based on the important role of lymphocytes in cancer progression, this study aimed to explore the effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes on the prognosis of pediatric HG B‐NHL.MethodsPatients aged less than 18 years with newly diagnosed HG B‐NHL were enrolled. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset levels were detected at diagnosis, and their optimal cutoff values were determined according to event‐free survival (EFS).ResultsIn total, 206 patients were enrolled. The 5‐year EFS and overall survival (OS) rates of the whole group were 92.1% ± 1.9% and 96.6% ± 1.3%, respectively. The 5‐year EFS rate was worse in patients with a low relative CD4+ T‐cell count (87.2% vs. 97.0%, p = 0.008), high relative CD8+ T‐cell count (79.1% vs. 93.4%, p = 0.03), low CD4/CD8 ratio (80.5% vs. 94.2%, p = 0.01), and low B‐cell count (80.0% vs. 93.4%, p = 0.02) at diagnosis than their counterparts. Cox multivariate analysis identified low relative CD4+ T‐cell (HR = 4.91) and B‐cell (HR = 3.87) counts at diagnosis as independent adverse prognostic factors. Patients with simultaneously low levels of CD4+ T and B cells had the worst outcomes in the entire cohort, with a 5‐year EFS rate of 60.0%.ConclusionLow relative CD4+ T‐cell and B‐cell counts at diagnosis are associated with poor prognosis in children and adolescents with HG B‐NHL in the real world.