bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the observed high prevalence of loss to follow-up in ART-experienced adult PLHIV: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study in the Tanga Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mushy Stella Emmanuel , Mtisi Expeditho , Mboggo Eric , Mkawe Simon , Yahya-Malima Khadija I. , Ndega John , Ngalesoni Frida , Muya Aisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs have expanded rapidly, and they are now accessible free of charge, yet "loss to follow-up, LTFU" is still a national public health issue. LTFU may result in treatment failure, hospitalization, increased risk of opportunistic infections and drug-resistant strains, and shortening the quality of life. This study described the rates and predictors of LTFU among adult PLHIV on ART in the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between October 2018 and December 2020 in Tanga's care and treatment health services facilities. The participants were HIV adult PLHIV aged 15 years and above on ART and attended the clinic at least once after ART initiation. LTFU was defined as not taking ART refills for three months or beyond from the last attendance of a refill and not yet classified as dead or transferred out. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to identify risk factors for LTFU. P values were two-sided, and we considered a p<0.05 statistically significant.
Results: 57173 adult PLHIV were on ART, where 10394 (68.78%) were females and 4717 (31.22%) were males. After two years of follow-up, 15111 (26.43%) were LTFU. Factors independently associated with LTFU involved age between 15-19 years (HR:1.85, 95% CI 1.66 – 2.07), male sex (HR:2.00 95% CI 1.51 – 2.62), divorce (HR:1.35, 95% CI 1.24 – 1.48), second-line drug type (HR:1.13, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.18), poor drug adherence (HR:1.50, 95% CI 1.23 – 1.75), unsuppressed viral load (HR: 2.15, 95% CI 2.02 – 2.29), not on DTG-related drug (HR: 7.51, 95% CI 5.88 – 10.79), advanced HIV disease WHO stage III & IV (HR: 2.51, 95% CI 2.32 – 2.72). In contrast to cohabiting, ART duration <1 year, and being pregnant showed a reduced likelihood of LTFU
Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTFU was observed in this study. Young age, not using DGT drugs, WHO clinical stage IV, poor drug adherence, male sex, unsuppressed viral load, divorcee, and second-line regime were independently associated with LTFU. To reduce LTFU, evidence-based interventions targeting the identified risk factors should be employed.
Simulation optimization and experimental research on three-stage stamping of micro-channels with titanium ultra-thin sheet used for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates
Authors: Zhong Qi , Hua Risheng , Wang Chunju , Cheng Lidong , Ma Zhenwu , He Haidong , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To reduce the weight and volume, and extend the life of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) which is considered as a kind of near zero emission green energy, titanium ultra-thin sheet is selected to fabricate the core components- bipolar plates for its smaller density and high corrosion resistance. In order to break through the bottlenecks in the manufacture of micro channels with big ratio of depth and width, a kind of three-stage stamping was investigated for its characters such as high productivity and low cost, etc. FE simulation and optimization of three-stage stamping was carried out considering the reduction of thickness by analyzing the effect of the radius of punch and female die corner, punch displacement and ratio of rib and channel width, etc. Then, the mold was designed, and experiments were performed using a servo drive machine. The arc design of punch end in the first stage can decrease the reduction of thickness from 47–22%. The best ratio between rib and channel width is 0.4–0.6, and radius of final channel corner is 0.15mm. Experimental results of three-stage stamping show that the max. reduction of thickness is about 24%, which is similar with that obtained from FE simulation. Microstructure with uniform small grain size and high surface quality are both helpful for improving the properties of bipolar plates required by PEMFC. This means that the developed three-stage stamping process is very suitable for massive manufacturing the bipolar plates with titanium ultra-thin sheet.
Risk factors of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lei Ying , Tong JinYan , Su YanYan , Wang YuQu , Zhong BiXian , Wang Qi , Zhang YunFang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the risk factors of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.
Method
We retrospectively collected data from 363 hemodialysis patients whose dialysis ages were over 3 months at our center before January 2020. According to the echocardiogram results, these patients were divided into left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) group and non-LVDD group. The differences in basic data, cardiac structure and functiona between the two groups were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in MHD patients.
Results
Compared with the non-LVDD group, patients in the LVDD group were older, with an increased proportion of coronary heart disease, more prone to chest tightness, shortness of breath. Simultaneously, they had a significantly increased (p < 0.05) proportion of cardiac structural abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy, left heart enlargement and systolic dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of LVDD was significantly increased in elderly MHD patients older than 60 years (OR = 3.86, 95%CI 1.429–10.429), and left ventricular hypertrophy was also significantly associated with LVDD (OR = 2.227, 95% CI 1.383–3.586).
Conclusion
Age and left ventricular hypertrophy are independent risk factors for LVDD in MHD patients. Early intervention LVDD will be beneficial to improve the quality of dialysis and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events in MHD patients.
Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Guide Management of Stranded Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Glen Joshua J , Buelow Christina A , Campbell Max D , Day Joanna , Meagher Phoebe , de Merwe Jason P van , Pearson Ryan M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gaining a better understanding of the foraging ecology of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in different regions can improve the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies. New South Wales (NSW), in eastern Australia, has been identified as a region requiring improved information on foraging ecology and habitat use by green turtles. This study used stable isotope ratios of δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S from macrophytes collected along the NSW coastline from -35.722585°S, 150.230674°E through to -28.537292°S, 153.555205°E, between March- June 2021, and stored epidermis tissue from stranded green turtles found along the NSW coastline from 1998-2020. The aim of the study was to investigate diet composition and foraging behaviour of green turtles stranded along the NSW coastline. Mixing model analyses demonstrate that stranded turtles had been feeding in food-webs predominantly supported by algae (74.8%), then seagrass (19.2%), and trivial amounts of mangrove material (6%). Enriched δ15N values indicate the majority of sampled turtles feeding two to three trophic levels above primary producers within algal-based food webs. High variation was present in δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values of macrophyte sources along the NSW coastline, limiting the potential to infer the foraging behaviour of stranded green turtles. The results show green turtles stranded along the NSW coastline feed primarily in algae-dominated food-webs, with evidence of omnivory. This novel finding demonstrates the importance of algae-dominated habitats for green turtle conservation in eastern Australia. These findings may reflect opportunistic foraging behaviour of stranded green turtles, with algae being the dominate macrophyte in NSW waters.
Impact of confrontation to patient suffering and death on wellbeing and burnout in professionals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Anne-Catherine Delafontaine , Anders Royce , Bernard Mathieu , Salathé Cornelia Rolli , Putois Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:Palliative care and oncology generate a risk of burnout and psychological distress in professionals. This study aims to identify both psychopathological and positive factors related to work mental health. The aims of the study were (i) to explore the extent to which these professionals are confronted with suffering, illness, and death; and the prevalence of psychological distress and/or burnout, (ii) to identify potential determinants of burnout and psychological wellbeing at work, (iii) to develop an integrative model of mental health and to identify frequency and impact of confrontations with death, and (iv) to identify profiles of professionals are at risk of developing a mental health disorder or, conversely, characterized by wellbeing.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in palliative care and oncology with questionnaires evaluating confrontations with death, coping, burnout, psychological distress, personality, self-esteem, well-being and meaning at work. Regressions, clustering, and structural equation modelling analyses were performed.Results:109 professionals participated (58% from oncology and 42% from palliative care, 79% were female, 65% were between 30 and 49 years old).Aim i: 30% witnessed an intolerable suffering at least 9 times a month, 45% reported moderate to high level of burnout, 39% anxiety and 11% depression.Aim ii: the determinants of burnout are conscientiousness (b=0.18, p=.040), neuroticism (b=0.23, p=.002), work meaning (b=-0.25, p=.020) and wellbeing (b=-0.25, p=.020) (R2=0.44). The determinants of wellbeing are work meaning (b= 0.46, p<.001), depersonalization (b= 0.18, p=.006), self-esteem (b=0.14, p=.010), fulfilment (b=0.15, p=.020) emotional exhaustion (b=- 0.23, p<.001) (R2=0.71).Aim iii: the integrative model includes both well-being (self-esteem, conscientiousness) and psychopathology (neuroticism, anxiety) parameters, and strongly satisfied the standard SEM goodness of fit indices (e.g., CFI, IFI, and TLI ≥ 0.95).Aim iv: three profiles were identified: (a) a “distressed profile” with a majority of professionals at the patient's bedside, (b) a “disengaged profile” with professionals working as second-line consultants, (c) a “wellbeing profile” with the administrative and research teams.Conclusions:An integrative approach is essential to understand the full range of mental health issues for professionals. Meaning at work is a key factor in an interventional perspective that should primarily affect front-line professionals with limited experience.
Correlation of MZT2A Expression with Immunity and Prognosis in Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: zhan Shizhang , Wang Wenping , Yan Minghu , Li Dan , Liu jing , Fan Xinyuan , Zhang Qi , Liu Shu-an , Li Ruoran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mitotic spindle tissue protein 2A(MZT2A) has the properties of the core subunit of the γ-tubulin ring complex ( γ-TuRC ) and is involved in mediating the formation of bipolar spindles in mitosis. The lack of MZT2A will weaken the nucleation activity of microtubule ( MT ) and slow down the rate of cell proliferation. Although there is evidence that the expression of MZT2A plays a crucial role in the development of some tumors, there is still no research on MZT2A in pan-cancer. Therefore, we aim to explore the prognostic value of MZT2A in a variety of cancer types and to study its potential immune function.
Methods
This study was conducted with datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue Expression and the Human Protein Atlas. Bioinformatic methods were used to analyse the correlation between MZT2A expression levels in different tumours and survival prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, immune regulatory genes, tumour mutational load (TMB), tumour neoantigens, homologous recombination defects (HRD), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumour stemness score and enrichment analysis regarding MZT2A.
Results
MZT2A was highly expressed in most tumours and was positively or negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with different tumours. MZT2A was also found to be negatively correlated with the immune microenvironment, immune infiltrating cells, and immune-related genes in most tumours, and was strongly correlated with TMB in 11 tumours, MSI in 10 tumours, tumour neoantigens in 5 tumours, and HRD in 12 tumours, and MZT2A expression was significantly correlated with RNA stemness score (RNAss) in 24 tumours and DNA stemness score (DNAss) in 12 tumours. The results suggest that MZT2A can be used as a target or predictor of tumour therapy. the immunosuppressive effect of MZT2A in TME suggests that anti-MZT2A immunotherapy may be a new direction in cancer treatment.
Conclusion
MZT2A is involved in tumour development and can be used as a prognostic marker for a variety of tumours and as a target or predictor for tumour immunotherapy.
STK4, a novel prognostic biomarker, correlated with immune infiltrates in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bai Zi-Yuan , Peng Lu-Shan , Li Run-Qi , Peng Xian-Chu , Yang Zhe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1/STK4/KRS2) is a highly conservative serine/threonine kinase, as well as a a core member of the Hippo signaling pathway. STK4 has been reported play important roles in mutiple tumors. However, there has still been no systematic and comprehensive study on the role of the STK4 in ccRCC.
Methods
In this study, experiments including Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with bioinformatics analysis were used to integrate the analysis of the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of STK4 in ccRCC.
Results
The findings from the TCGA database revealed that the expression of STK4 and its expression based on the tumor stage, tumor grade, and nodal metastasis status in ccRCC was increased. The results of IHC, WB, and RT-PCR further verified it. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to clarify the diagnositic value of STK4 in patients with ccRCC. According to the Timer database, we found that the high expression of STK4 has significant (p < 0.001) association with renal cancer (including ccRCC) patients survival, suggesting that STK4 is a reliable prognostic predictors. Then, GSEA was performed to explore the mechanism underlying the functions of STK4 in ccRCC. We found that STK4 may play roles in immunoregulatory interactions. Subsequently, STK4 were subjected to immune infiltration analyses. Results suggested that STK4 may play roles in the development of ccRCC by adjusting immune infiltration by influencing NK and pDCs cell.
Conclusions
STK4 may be prognostic markers in ccRCC and potential for finding novel strategies for the treatment of patients with ccRCC.
Comprehensive analysis of current leakage at individual screw and mixed threading dislocations in freestanding GaN substrates
Authors: Hamachi Takeaki , Tohei Tetsuya , Hayashi Yusuke , Imanishi Masayuki , Usami Shigeyoshi , Mori Yusuke , Sakai Akira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The electrical characteristics of Schottky contacts on individual threading dislocations (TDs) with a screw-component in GaN substrates and the structures of these TDs were investigated to assess the effects of such defects on reverse leakage currents. Micrometer-scale platinum/GaN Schottky contacts were selectively fabricated on screw- and mixed-TD-related etch pits classified based on the pit size. Current-voltage (I-V) data acquired using conductive atomic force microscopy showed that very few of the screw TDs generated anomalously large reverse leakage currents. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the I-V characteristics established that the leakage current conduction mechanisms for the leaky screw TDs differed from those for the other screw and mixed TDs. Specifically, anomalous current leakage was generated by Poole-Frenkel emission and trap-assisted tunneling via distinctive trap states together with Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, with the mechanism changing according to variations in temperature and applied voltage. The leaky TDs were identified as Burgers vector b = 1c closed-core screw TDs having a helical morphology similar to that of other screw TDs generating small leakage currents. Based on the results, we proposed that the atomic-scale modification of the dislocation core structure related to interactions with point defects via dislocation climbing caused different leakage characteristics of the TDs.
Combined space stressors induce independent behavioral deficits predicted by early peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Rienecker Kira D. A. , Grue Katherine , Paladini Maria Serena , Frias Elma S. , Frattini Valentina , Borlongan Mia C. , Chou Austin , Torres-Espin Abel , Krukowski Karen , Ferguson Adam R. , Rosi Susanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interplanetary space travel poses many hazards to the human body. To protect astronaut health and performance on critical missions, there is first a need to understand the effects of deep space hazards, including ionizing radiation, confinement, and altered gravity. Previous studies of rodents exposed to a single such stressor document significant deficits, but our study is the first to investigate possible cumulative and synergistic impacts of simultaneous ionizing radiation, confinement, and altered gravity on behavior and cognition. Our cohort was divided between 6-month-old female and male mice in group, social isolation, or hindlimb unloading housing, exposed to 0 or 50 cGy of 5 ion simplified simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCRsim). We report interactions and independent effects of GCRsim exposure and housing conditions on behavioral and cognitive performance. Exposure to GCRsim drove changes in immune cell populations in peripheral blood collected early after irradiation, while housing conditions drove changes in blood collected at a later point. Female mice were largely resilient to deficits observed in male mice. Finally, we used principal component analysis to represent total deficits as principal component scores, which were predicted by general linear models using GCR exposure, housing condition, and early blood biomarkers.
An Enhanced Turbulent Flow of Water-based Optimization for Optimal Power Flow of Power System Integrated Wind Turbine and Solar Photovoltaic Generators
Authors: Zahedibialvaei Amir , Trojovský Pavel , Hesari-Shermeh Maryam , Matoušová Ivana , Trojovská Eva , Hubálovský Štěpán 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel and efficient upgraded model of turbulent flow in water-based optimization (TFWO), specifically ETFWO, to achieve optimal power flow (OPF) in the electrical networks that use both solar photovoltaic (PV) units and wind turbines (WTs). The OPF formulation considers the magnitude of the voltage at the WT and PV buses as the control variable. Conversely, the dependent variable is the anticipated active power generation at WT and PV. Probabilistic models and real-time data on wind speed and solar irradiance are used to predict the power output of WT and PV producers. The OPF and solution methods are validated using the IEEE 30-bus network. By comparing ETFWO to other recent optimization techniques applied to the same groups of constraints, control variables, and system data, we can gauge the algorithm’s robustness and efficiency in solving OPF.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Legionella: A Case Report
Authors: Grotberg John C. , Schulte Linda , Schumer Erin , Sullivan Mary , Kotkar Kunal , Masood Mohammad F. , Pawale Amit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background:
Legionella remains underdiagnosed in the intensive care unit and can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. In severe cases, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) allows time for resolution of disease with Legionella-targeted therapy. VV-ECMO outcomes for Legionella are favorable with reported survival greater than 70%. Rapid molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the lower respiratory tract aids in diagnosing Legionella with high sensitivity and specificity. We present a unique case of a patient with a positive COVID-19 test and ARDS who suffered a cardiac arrest. The patient was subsequently cannulated for VV-ECMO, and after lower respiratory tract PCR testing, Legionella was determined to be the cause. She was successfully treated and decannulated from VV-ECMO after 8 days.
Case Presentation:
A 53-year-old female presented with 1 week of dyspnea and a positive COVID-19 test. She was hypoxemic, hypotensive and had bilateral infiltrates on imaging. She received supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors, broad spectrum antibiotics, and was transferred to a tertiary care center. She developed progressive hypoxemia and suffered a cardiac arrest, requiring 10 minutes of CPR and endotracheal intubation to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Despite mechanical ventilation and paralysis, she developed refractory hypoxemia and was cannulated for VV-ECMO. Dexamethasone and remdesivir were given for presumed COVID-19. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed with PCR testing was positive for Legionella pneumophila and negative for COVID-19. Steroids and remdesivir were discontinued and she was treated with azithromycin. Her lung compliance improved, and she was decannulated after 8 days on VV-ECMO. She was discharged home on hospital day 16 breathing room air and neurologically intact.
Conclusions:
This case illustrates the utility of rapid PCR testing to diagnose Legionella in patients with respiratory failure and the early use of VV-ECMO in this patient population. Moreover, many patients encountered in the ICU may have prior COVID-19 immunity, and though a positive COVID-19 test may be present, further investigation with lower respiratory tract PCR testing may provide alternative diagnoses. Patients with ARDS should undergo Legionella-specific testing, and if positive, early VV-ECMO should be considered in patients with refractory hypoxemia.
Growth and survival analysis of early stages in the pen shell Atrina maura during pilot-commercial production
Authors: Hoyos-Chairez Francisco , Chávez-Villalba Jorge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hatchery spat of pen shells is difficult to obtain as production runs generally end in failure. We present a successful case of commercial pilot spat production of Atrina maura in hatchery, describing each phase in detail and determining growth of larvae and post-larvae using multi-model inference (MMI). Growth rates from D-larvae to umbo stage (D-larvae = 65 ± 5.1 µm height and 75 ± 5.1 µm length) increased from 4.33 µm/day up to 675.6 µm/day during post-larvae stage (spat = 10.9 ± 2.2 mm height and 28.1 ± 4.4 mm length). Survival presented a significantly daily decrease from 22.5% (beginning) to a final absolute survival of 0.042%; from 120 million D-larvae, 50,000 commercial spat were produced. MMI showed that the best models describing growth correspond to Gompertz model for shell length and exponential model for shell height. Critical phases are the transition from D-larvae to umbo stage (> 80% collapse of cultures) and high mortality during metamorphosis. Further studies are required to find solutions to these problems. The results of this study contribute to improving the management of pen shells in hatchery, as the production protocol is different of those for other bivalve species.