bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liobagrus brevispina, a new species of torrent catfish (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from the upper Chang‐Jiang basin, South China
Authors: Xie Rui‐Xia , Cao Liang , Zhang E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new species of Liobagrus is unearthed in the Nan‐Jiang flowing into the Jialing‐Jiang of the upper Chang‐Jiang basin in which currently recognized Chinese congeners have a concentrated distribution. This small‐sized (less than 100.0 mm LS) torrent fish belongs to the species group defined by the presence of a smooth posterior edge of the pectoral‐fin spine and upper and lower jaws of equal length or a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length. It is distinct from Liobagrus aequilabris and Liobagrus formosanus by the presence of a pectoral‐fin spine extending short of (vs. beyond) the vertical through the dorsal‐fin origin, maxillary barbels reaching the middle of the pectoral fin (vs. pectoral‐fin insertion or slightly beyond), 17–19 anal‐fin rays (vs. 15–16 in L. formosanus), 39–41 (vs. 35–37 in L. aequilabris) post‐Weberian vertebrae and the pectoral‐fin spine length 3.6%–7.4% of LS (vs. 7.6–10.5 in L. aequilabris). It differs from Liobagrus marginatoides by the presence of upper and lower jaws of equal length (vs. a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length) and a rounded or unevenly rounded (vs. subtruncate) caudal fin. The validity of the new species is confirmed by its monophyly recovered in a cytochrome b gene‐based phylogenetic analysis and its significant genetic distance with sampled congeneric species.
Age‐based life history of three groupers in the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Renán Ximena , Brulé Thierry , Galindo‐Cortes Gabriela , Colás‐Marrufo Teresa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe three most important grouper fishery species in southern Gulf of Mexico, Epinephelus morio, Mycteroperca bonaci and Mycteroperca microlepis, do not have life history parameters data reported such as growth, age and natural mortality essential to management. Individuals from the three species were captured in the Campeche Bank (CB) at different times from 1988 to 2001. Sagittae were thin‐sectioned to count annuli: n = 1081 for E. morio, n = 920 for M. bonaci and n = 251 for M. microlepis. Otoliths from the three species exhibited successive opaque and translucent bands deposited with an annual frequency, occurring between January and April for E. morio and M. bonaci, and between January and March for M. microlepis. Estimated age in the three grouper species ranged from 0+ to 20 years. The most frequent ages were 7–10 years for E. morio and 8–12 years for M. bonaci and M. microlepis. The von Bertallanfy Growth Function model parameters (L∞, K and t0) were consistent with reported growth patterns for Epinephelidae family species, as established by growth performance Ф' (near 3). The CB groupers appear to reach maximum ages over 13 years with K values between 0.09 and 0.12 year−1, indicating all three studied species displayed relatively slow growth rate and medium longevity. Lifespan values ranged from 13 to 33 years for E. morio, from 18 to 30 years for M. bonaci and from 17 to 33 years for M. microlepis. A50 was 6.1 years for E. morio and 5.5 years for both M. bonaci and M. microlepis. Age at which all females were mature was 8 years for M. bonaci and 10 years for E. morio and M. microlepis. P50 was 9.3 years for E. morio, 13.6 years for M. bonaci and 11.6 years for M. microlepis. Age at which 100% of individuals were male was 13 years for E. morio, 19 years for M. bonaci and 15 years for M. microlepis. Values of M at age exhibited an exponential decrease with age for all three species, but overall values were 0.13 year−1 for E. morio, 0.14 year−1 for M. bonaci and 0.17 year−1 for M. microlepis. For the three species size at age varied by geographical distribution area, but particularly for E. morio the discrepancy in average size between published studies may be the consequence of the fishing effort exerted on the stock and/or the lack of regulation for the fishery prior to 2001; after this stock biomass fell below the reference limit point and was declared overexploited. Resource managers could use the information provided in this study as a reference, representing pre‐overexploitation values, to evaluate the current status of these populations and ensure sustainable management actions for the CB grouper fisheries.
Osmotic dehydration of fruits using unconventional natural sweeteners and non‐thermal‐assisted technologies: A review
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Singh Manpreet , Zalpouri Ruchika , Singh Iqbal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the food preservation process, drying or dehydration reduces the moisture content that is needed for the growth and multiplicity of microorganisms that cause food spoilage. Among the most effective and appropriate methods for extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables is osmotic dehydration. This process encourages the movement of water molecules from the food to the osmo‐active solution and a small amount of solute from the solution into the food, resulting in an organoleptic and functional product. Sugar, which is the most popular osmotic agent, presents many health risks. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms of osmotic dehydration and the use of unconventional natural sweeteners like honey, jaggery, coconut sugar, stevia, and sugar beet molasses as an osmotic agent. Furthermore, certain non‐thermal methods to help osmotic dehydration have been reviewed that may improve the drying and quality parameters of different fruits.Practical applicationsThe osmotic dehydration process in fruits reduces postharvest losses, as well as maintaining the initial fruit characteristics such as color, aroma, texture, and nutritional content. The uses of natural sweeteners viz. jaggery and honey as osmotic agents have numerous health benefits. Due to these benefits, it can be used at small scales, home‐scale industries, and large‐scale industries. Various methods can be used to enhance osmotic dehydration, such as pulsed electric fields, high pressure, vacuum, microwave, centrifugal force, or ultrasound, which can be applied to large‐scale industries.
A molecular framework for signaling crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene in anthocyanin biosynthesis, trichome development, and defenses against insect herbivores in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Susheng , Liu Bei , Song Junqiao , Pang Shihai , Song Tianxue , Gao Shang , Zhang Yue , Huang Huang , Qi Tiancong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe phytohormones ethylene (ET) and jasmonate (JA) regulate plant development, growth, and defense responses; however, the molecular basis for their signaling crosstalk is unclear. Here, we show that JA‐ZIM‐domain (JAZ) proteins, which repress JA signaling, repress trichome initiation/branching and anthocyanin accumulation, and inhibit the transcriptional activity of the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH)‐MYB members (GLABRA3 (GL3)‐GL1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (TT8)‐MYB75) of WD‐repeat/bHLH/MYB (WBM) complexes. The ET‐stabilized transcription factors ETHYLENE‐INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and EIN3‐LIKE1 (EIL1) were found to bind to several members of WBM complexes, including GL3, ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), TT8, GL1, MYB75, and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1). This binding repressed the transcriptional activity of the bHLH‐MYB proteins and inhibited anthocyanin accumulation, trichome formation, and defenses against insect herbivores while promoting root hair formation. Conversely, the JA‐activated bHLH members GL3, EGL3, and TT8 of WBM complexes were able to interact with and attenuate the transcriptional activity of EIN3/EIL1 at the HOOKLESS1 promoter, and their overexpression inhibited apical hook formation. Thus, this study demonstrates a molecular framework for signaling crosstalk between JA and ET in plant development, secondary metabolism, and defense responses.
Changes in the number of babies born with Down syndrome in Japan
Authors: Sugo Yoshinobu , Kurasawa Kentaro , Saigusa Yusuke , Hamanoue Haruka , Hirahara Fumiki , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe number of babies born with Down syndrome has changed in recent years because of widespread availability of prenatal screening and advanced maternal age at delivery. In Japan, which has no public institutions that record data on babies born with chromosomal abnormalities (including Down syndrome), the accurate number remains unknown.MethodsThe Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Birth Defects Monitoring Program (hereafter the JAOG Program) is the only national survey of congenital anomalies in Japan. Using data from this survey and vital statistics, we investigated the changes in the number of babies born with Down syndrome in Japan from 2006 to 2019.ResultsOn performing linear regression analysis with the proportion of babies born with Down syndrome as the response variable, and the proportion of mothers giving birth at the age of 35 years or older as the explanatory variable, the regression coefficient was 0.0054 (p < 0.001). The proportion of mothers giving birth at the age of 35 years or older was useful for predicting the proportion of babies born with Down syndrome. This proportion has increased since 2006 but has remained almost unchanged since 2015. In 2019, it was 1/734.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the proportion of mothers giving birth at the age of 35 years or older strongly affected the proportion of babies born with Down syndrome. We assume that the proportion of babies is slightly affected by the increased number of pregnant women currently undergoing prenatal screening after the introduction of noninvasive prenatal genetic testing in 2013.
How social exclusion makes radicalism flourish: A review of empirical evidence
Authors: Pfundmair Michaela , Wood Natasha R. , Hales Andrew , Wesselmann Eric D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, researchers of various disciplines have developed many theories to understand the radicalization process. One key factor that may promote radicalization is social exclusion, the state of being kept apart from others. Indeed, experimental studies have provided initial evidence for a relation between exclusion and radicalism. The current review outlines and builds upon these research programs, arguing that social exclusion has been shown (a) to increase the willingness to fight‐and‐die, (b) to promote the approval for extreme, even violent, political parties and actions, and (c) to push the willingness to engage in illegal and violent action for a political cause. We close with an agenda for future research and critically discuss implications of this work for social policy.
Temporal and interspecific dietary variation in wintering ducks in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Ando Haruko , Ikeno Susumu , Narita Ayu , Komura Taketo , Takada Atsushi , Isagi Yuji , Oguma Hiroyuki , Inoue Tomomi , Takenaka Akio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFarmlands are becoming more important as waterfowl foraging habitats, while natural wetlands are being lost globally. However, it is unclear how waterfowl coexist in agricultural landscapes by resource partitioning. We evaluated the diets of seven sympatric dabbling ducks foraging in rice paddy and lotus fields around Lake Kasumigaura, the second largest lake in Japan, during two wintering seasons (from November to February) by faecal DNA metabarcoding using chloroplast trnL and mitochondrial CO1 region sequences. We examined 420 faecal samples and found different patterns of dietary diversity and composition among the duck species. The pattern also differed between plant and invertebrate food. Dietary niche partitioning was clear in plant food. Large‐bodied ducks intensively use crop plants, and other ducks might mediate competition by using terrestrial and aquatic plants that are suitable for their foraging behaviours or microhabitats. Dietary segregation among species was the most apparent in February, when the abundance of foraging ducks was the largest. This study illustrated the complex pattern of dietary niche partitioning of dabbling ducks in agricultural landscapes, which might be difficult to evaluate by conventional approaches. The availability of crop plants, as well as other plant food resources in flooted areas and farmland dikes, may enable ducks to coexist by spatial or behavioural resource partitioning.
Re‐opening Pandora's box: Who owns professionalism and is it time for a 21st century definition?
Authors: Goddard Viktoria C. T. , Brockbank Susannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of professionalism is dominant within health care education and the lives of practising clinicians globally, and yet there is no single agreed definition nor framework applied universally across the health care professions. This article questions how much attention is paid to where definitions of the concept of professionalism came from and whether the accepted norms within the dominant discourses are still truly applicable to a 21st century workforce.MethodTaking a critical look at the existing body of literature on professionalism using a locus of medical education, this article reviews who the dominant voices have been in the creation of current understandings of professionalism. Using a pragmatic and targeted approach, regulatory body definitions of professionalism from across the world are compared to demonstrate the complexities of finding a universally accepted definition of the concept.ResultsThe article suggests that the extant definitions are grounded but also stuck in a background of Western, White, heteronormative view of society and the professions of the past and argues that we need to better understand the expectations of professionalism from the perspectives of those who now work in health care and health care education, as well as reviewing the views of the “public” within this debate.ConclusionsBy reopening the “Pandora's box” of professionalism, this article argues that we can improve the quality of definitions—and thus application—of professionalism for health care professionals and patients.
Far right: The significance of an umbrella concept
Authors: Pirro Andrea L P 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis contribution makes the case for a shift in boundaries between the (populist) radical right and the extreme right, arguing for the systematic use of the term ‘far right’. The significance of a deliberately generic but fundamentally meaningful concept such as ‘far right’ is motivated by the growing links between illiberal‐democratic (‘radical right’) and anti‐democratic (‘extreme right’) collective actors. This begs considering the conceptual grounds for differentiation among far‐right collective actors, their underlying dynamics, and why it is important to look at what they do to tackle this phenomenon in practice—that is, to extrapolate their ideological essence and their varying allegiances to democracy. The complexity of far‐right politics questions the long‐standing conceptual distinctions internally defining it. The use of an umbrella concept may thus enhance precision in the discussion of this phenomenon, at the same time highlighting the unfolding of a new phase in nativist politics.
Simulation for ultrasound‐guided renal biopsy using boiled egg
Authors: Tsuji Kenji , Kitamura Shinji , Uchida Haruhito A. , Wada Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReal‐time ultrasound‐guided renal biopsy is generally applied to diagnose multiple kidney diseases. A practical simulation model is desired since it is an invasive technique with higher risks of complications such as bleeding. We developed a simple simulation tool for ultrasound‐guided renal biopsy using boiled eggs. Boiled chicken eggs were embedded in the agar, and a biopsy simulation was performed using a real‐time ultrasound‐guided technique as the renal biopsy simulator by trainees and biopsy‐proficient nephrologists, and the feedback from the participants was obtained. The ultrasonographic evaluation revealed a clear contrast between egg yolk and white, which clearly mimicked the kidney cortex and medulla region. In addition, we observed the needle entering the egg white under needle penetration, and we obtained the biopsy core consisting of egg white. As for the simulations, all the participants succeeded in obtaining the appropriate samples. A total of 92% of the trainees agreed that the simulation could reduce their fears of performing renal biopsies in patients. In addition, all the trainees and biopsy‐proficient nephrologists recommend using the simulator for trainees before conducting renal biopsies on patients. The total cost of the simulator was low (<USD 1/simulator). Collectively, our simulation tool using boiled eggs may be a good candidate for practical simulation models of renal biopsy.
Functional traits influence patterns in vegetative and reproductive plant phenology – a multi‐botanical garden study
Authors: Sporbert Maria , Jakubka Desiree , Bucher Solveig Franziska , Hensen Isabell , Freiberg Martin , Heubach Katja , König Andreas , Nordt Birgit , Plos Carolin , Blinova Ilona , Bonn Aletta , Knickmann Barbara , Koubek Tomáš , Linstädter Anja , Mašková Tereza , Primack Richard B. , Rosche Christoph , Shah Manzoor A. , Stevens Albert‐Dieter , Tielbörger Katja , Träger Sabrina , Wirth Christian , Römermann Christine 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Phenology has emerged as key indicator of the biological impacts of climate change, yet the role of functional traits constraining variation in herbaceous species’ phenology has received little attention. Botanical gardens are ideal places in which to investigate large numbers of species growing under common climate conditions. We ask whether interspecific variation in plant phenology is influenced by differences in functional traits.

We recorded onset, end, duration and intensity of initial growth, leafing out, leaf senescence, flowering and fruiting for 212 species across five botanical gardens in Germany. We measured functional traits, including plant height, absolute and specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon and nitrogen content and seed mass and accounted for species’ relatedness.

Closely related species showed greater similarities in timing of phenological events than expected by chance, but species' traits had a high degree of explanatory power, pointing to paramount importance of species’ life‐history strategies. Taller plants showed later timing of initial growth, and flowered, fruited and underwent leaf senescence later. Large‐leaved species had shorter flowering and fruiting durations.

Taller, large‐leaved species differ in their phenology and are more competitive than smaller, small‐leaved species. We assume climate warming will change plant communities’ competitive hierarchies with consequences for biodiversity.
Skin conditions among pediatric dermatology outpatients in Botswana
Authors: Sethomo Warona , Williams Victoria L. , Tladi Paseka , Gabaitiri Lesego , Mazhani Loeto , Steenhoff Andrew P. , Kovarik Carrie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn understanding of the prevalence patterns of skin diseases in children in Botswana is needed to guide national dermatological policy development, training, and resource allocation to improve patient care.ObjectiveTo describe local skin disease patterns in children aged 0–18 years presenting for dermatologic care in Botswana.MethodsA retrospective review of records from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2016 was conducted at the outpatient dermatology clinic of Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) in Gaborone, Botswana and outreach clinic sites.ResultsThere were 4413 pediatric visits constituting 18.6% of all dermatology visits. There was a slight male predominance of 1.2:1. The majority of disorders were noninfectious 80.1% (3537/4413) versus infectious 14.6% (645/4413), with 5.2% (231/4413) unclassified. In the noninfectious category, two‐thirds were inflammatory, followed by disorders of nails, skin appendages, and pigmentary disorders. Atopic dermatitis was the most common inflammatory disorder. Over half of infectious skin diseases were viral, followed by fungal and bacterial disorders. In the HIV‐related disorders, the majority were verrucae 94% (108/115) followed by Kaposi sarcoma. The nine most common skin diagnoses accounted for close to 70% of all skin diseases seen at the clinic, and these included atopic dermatitis (almost half of all cases), followed by verruca, acne, and vitiligo.ConclusionThere is a high burden of skin disorders in children in Botswana. In our cohort, a small number of skin conditions made up the vast majority of pediatric diagnoses. This information can be used to guide dermatology training and resource allocation to better manage these common diseases.
Primary Investigation of Ilmenite Dosage Effect on the Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties
Authors: Aljaberi Jaber Brak , Bageri Badr , Elkatatny Salaheldin Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A high-density mud is required for deep drilling operations to keep formation pressure under control and avoid the kick. The high-density mud showed several challenges including sagging issues, undesirable rheology parameters, and higher possibility of inducing formation damage. Ilmenite is a weighting material that is used to increase the density of the drilling fluid. The effect of ilmenite dosage on the density of drilling fluid, rheological parameters, filtration, and filter cake qualities was explored in this study. Three different models were used to match the rheological properties including the Bingham model, the power-law model, and the Herschel–Bulkley model. The results showed that the prepared drilling mud density was correlated exactly with the amount of ilmenite added to the formulation. Similarly, the viscosity parameters were increased as ilmenite dosage increased. Even so, the results show that the rheological behavior seems to exhibit perfect matching using the three models, Herschel–Bulkley model was showing the highest accuracy compared to the other investigated models. Notably, the filtration behavior was dominated greatly by ilmenite dosage. The filtration volume and filter cake increased drastically as the ilmenite concentration increased. Correspondingly, the filter cake permeability was increased as the ilmenite concentration increased. Meanwhile, the dense packing of ilmenite particles at high concentrations produced lower filter cake porosity. Correlations were found with excellent accuracy between the ilmenite dosage and the filtration volume and filter cake properties.