bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-step implantation of gold into graphene
Authors: Trentino Alberto , Mizohata Kenichiro , Zagler Georg , Längle Manuel , Mustonen Kimmo , Susi Toma , Kotakoski Jani , Åhlgren E Harriet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a one-atom thick, mechanically strong, and chemically stable material with unique electronic properties, graphene can serve as the basis for a large number of applications. One way to tailor its properties is the controlled introduction of covalently bound heteroatoms into the lattice. In this study, we demonstrate efficient implantation of individual gold atoms into graphene up to a concentration of 1.7 × 1011 atoms cm−2 via a two-step low-energy ion implantation technique that overcomes the limitation posed by momentum conservation on the mass of the implanted species. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy reveal gold atoms occupying double vacancy sites in the graphene lattice. The covalently bound gold atoms can sustain intense electron irradiation at 60 kV during the microscopy experiments. At best, only limited indication of plasmonic enhancement is observed. The method demonstrated here can be used to introduce a controlled concentration of gold atoms into graphene, and should also work for other heavier elements with similar electronic structure.
Microscopic origin of multiferroic order in monolayer NiI2
Authors: Fumega Adolfo O , Lado J L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The discovery of multiferroic behavior in monolayer NiI2 provides a new symmetry-broken state in van der Waals monolayers, featuring the simultaneous emergence of helimagnetic order and ferroelectric order at a critical temperature of T = 21 K. However, the microscopic origin of multiferroic order in NiI2 monolayer has not been established, and in particular, the role of non-collinear magnetism and spin–orbit coupling in this compound remains an open problem. Here we reveal the origin of the two-dimensional multiferroicity in NiI2 using first-principles electronic structure methods. We show that the helimagnetic state appears as a consequence of the long-range magnetic exchange interactions, featuring sizable magnetic moments in the iodine atoms. We demonstrate that the electronic density reconstruction accounting for the ferroelectric order emerges from the interplay of non-collinear magnetism and spin–orbit coupling. We demonstrate that the ferroelectric order is controlled by the iodine spin–orbit coupling, and leads to an associated electronically-driven distortion in the lattice. Our results establish the microscopic origin of the multiferroic behavior in monolayer NiI2, putting forward the coexistence of helical magnetic order and ligand spin–orbit coupling as driving forces for multiferroic behavior in two-dimensional materials.
Doping type influence on physical diamond properties
Authors: Itsh’ak Azoulay , Klonsky Ory , Gelbstein Yaniv , Beker Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diamond exhibits outstanding properties that make it a material of interest for the semiconductors industry. The industry required a silicon alternative that enabled devices to be smaller, cooler, faster, more powerful and cleaner. Diamond exhibit a large energy band gap that needs to be doped in order to observe any significant electrical conductivity. The purpose of this work is to compare the electrical properties of intrinsic and doped diamond based materials by impedance spectroscopy, I-V measurements and thermal conductivity measurements. The results of impedance measurement of the real and imaginary parts were presented in the form of a Nyquist and dielectric permittivity curves. In order to interpret the observed response, a resistor–capacitor circuit model was used for physical mechanisms interpretation. Direct evidence for the doping influence on the diamond, was obtained by I-V measurements. We describe Raman spectroscopy based method of measuring thermal conductivity of diamond doped samples, and review results achieved by line width correlation technique.
Bismuth/bismuth oxide-incorporated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Algethami Merfat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study loaded Bi/Bi2O3 on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to perform a two-step facile synthesis of rGO@Bi/Bi2O3 as a bismuth-based nanocomposite. First, Bi/Bi2O3 nanocomposites were synthesised via a solvothermal process using Bi(NO3)3 5H2O as the Bi3+ precursor and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent. Second, we exfoliated rGO in water to functionalise Bi/Bi2O3 with a few layers of rGO. Obtained nanocomposites were characterised with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. We also measured the nanocomposites’ photocatalytic activity using cationic dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Additionally, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the optical properties of rGO@Bi/Bi2O3. Photodegradation was recorded under differing durations of exposure to visible light. Reaction rates were recorded at 14.6 × 10–4 min−1 and 22.2 × 10–3 min−1 for MB and RhB, respectively, while photodegradation efficiency was logged at 17% and 81%.
Study on as-cast microstructure of Fe-15Mn-10Al-5Ni-0.8C low density duplex steel
Authors: Guo Zhihe , Hu Fengya , Wang Zhongjun , Fu Kuijun , Li Weijuan , Wang Jiaji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The microstructure of Fe-15Mn-10Al-5Ni-0.8C low density duplex steel ingots was studied by laser confocal scanning calorimetry , metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that: the microstructure of Fe-15Mn-10Al-5Ni-0.8C low density steel was mainly composed of coarse austenite dendrites and δ-ferrite phase in dendrite. The δ-ferrite could be completely eliminated by solution treatment. A dynamic model of austenite grain growth was established. Through analysis, it was concluded that the critical temperature for rapid austenite growth was 1250 °C. The activation energy for austenite grain growth was 365 KJ/mol as calculated by Sellars’ model.
The lack of opportunity to eat together is associated with an increased risk of weight loss among independent older adults: a prospective cohort study based on the JAGES
Authors: Kusama Taro , Kiuchi Sakura , Tani Yukako , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of eating together and the risk of weight loss in older adults.

Methods
this was a three-year follow-up prospective cohort study based on a self-reported questionnaire. We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) conducted in 2016 and 2019. The participants were independent older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan. We used &gt;5% weight loss during follow-up as the outcome variable and frequency of eating together as the explanatory variable. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated based on the Poisson regression model with a Huber–White sandwich estimator for standard errors, including possible confounders.

Results
among 56,919 participants, the mean age was 73.0 years (1SD = 5.5) at baseline, and 47.9% were male. About 15.1% (n = 8,596) of the participants experienced &gt;5% weight loss during follow-up. The proportion of each category of the eating together frequency was 36.6% for ‘every day’, 10.3% for ‘several times a week’, 26.8% for ‘several times a month’, 20.5% for ‘several times a year’ and 5.8% for ‘seldom’. Compared to ‘every day’, only ‘several times a year (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.13)’ and ‘seldom (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.08–1.27)’ were significantly associated with the increased risk of &gt;5% weight loss.

Conclusion
there is a temporal association between less frequent opportunities to eat together and the increased risk of weight loss among independent older adults.
Work Exposures and Development of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moretti Anfossi Christian , Ahumada Muñoz Magdalena , Tobar Fredes Christian , Pérez Rojas Felipe , Ross Jamie , Head Jenny , Britton Annie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death, and there is evidence that work exposures could be associated with their development. This study aimed to systematically review observational studies of adults exposed to job strain, effort–reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise, and assess the association of those work exposures with CVDs.

Methods
The Navigation Guide framework was applied. The population were adults of working age (18–65), and cohort and case–control studies were included. The work exposures were job strain, effort–reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise. The outcomes were cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease, and hypertensive diseases. The selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently and disagreements were solved by a third reviewer or by consensus. The synthesis of the results was done by applying the ‘vote counting based on direction’ method, and the results were summarized in an effect direction plot. The strength of the evidence for every risk factor and CVD was defined by consensus.

Results
A total of 17 643 papers were initially identified in the literature search, but after applying the filters by title and abstract, and full text, 86 studies were finally included. From the included studies, sufficient evidence was found of the harmfulness of job strain for cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence of the harmfulness of shift work for ischemic heart disease. Evidence of no relationship was found between long working hours and shift work with ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive disease, respectively. The other associations of work exposures and CVDs had limited or inadequate evidence of harmfulness.

Conclusions
In this comprehensive review, there was sufficient evidence of a harmful relationship between job strain, shift work, and CVDs. For the other work exposures, more high-quality studies are needed. In order to improve current prevention strategies for CVDs, the findings of this review imply that job strain and shift work are work exposures that constitute additional risk factors that could be approached as targets for worksite interventions.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020179972.
An Overview of Cleaning Agents’ Health Hazards and Occupational Injuries and Diseases Attributed to Them in Sweden
Authors: Kathare Maitreyi , Julander Anneli , Erfani Behnaz , Schenk Linda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using data from the Swedish Products Register, hosted by the Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI), national occupational injury and disease statistics, and call records from the Swedish Poisons Information Centre (PIC) we characterize health hazards of marketed cleaning products and recorded injuries, disease, and incidents linked to cleaning or disinfection agents. The results show that cleaning agents pose many kinds of health hazards, although corrosion and irritation hazards dominate, in particular for the eyes (54% of all included products). Few products were recognized as inhalation hazards. The nature of the health hazards is reflected in the occupational disease and injury statistics and PIC records for eyes and skin but not for the respiratory tract. Among occupational disease cases attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents, 61% concern skin and 26% the respiratory tract. Among occupational injury cases 64% concern chemical burns. However, only a small part (&lt;0.5%) of all reported diseases and injuries were explicitly attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents. On average, there were 11 cases of disease attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents per million workers and year. For occupational injuries the corresponding number was 8. The data concern a broad range of sectors and occupations, but notable sectors were healthcare, accommodation and food service, and manufacturing. Women were more likely to suffer from disease, men and women equally likely to suffer from injury. PIC cases were evenly distributed between men and women, but the clear risk cases more frequently involved men. Occupational diseases increased many-fold in 2020 while injuries decreased, which could be due to COVID-19 changing use patterns of cleaning and disinfection agents at work. We conclude that cleaning agents pose a variety of risks to a large part of the workforce, although particular attention for preventive efforts may need to be directed to the healthcare, accommodation and food service, and manufacturing sectors.
Metabolic and RNA sequencing analysis of cauliflower curds with different types of pigmentation
Authors: Chen Daozong , Yang Yingxia , Niu Guobao , Shan Xiaozheng , Zhang Xiaoli , Jiang Hanmin , Liu Lili , Wen Zhenghua , Ge Xianhong , Zhao Qiancheng , Yao Xingwei , Sun Deling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is a popular vegetable worldwide due to its delicious taste, high nutritional value and anti-cancer properties. Cauliflower normally produces white curds, and natural spontaneous mutations lead to the production of orange, purple or green curds. However, some white cauliflowers show uneven purple pigmentation in their curds, which seriously affects the appearance quality and economic value of this crop. The underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptional and metabolic profiling analysis of light orange, white and purplish cauliflower curds. Metabolite analysis revealed that the pigments conferring purple colouration were delphinin and cyanin. Transcriptome analysis showed that the anthocyanin metabolism-related structural genes DFR, ANS and UGT and the transcription factor genes PAP2, TT8, GL3, EGL3 and TTG1 were upregulated in purplish versus white curds. These findings shed light on the formation of purplish curds, which could facilitate the breeding of purely white or red cauliflower.
ASPIRER: a new computational approach for identifying non-classical secreted proteins based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Fuyi , Xu Jing , Rong Jia , Webb Geoffrey I , Ge Zongyuan , Li Jian , Song Jiangning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProtein secretion has a pivotal role in many biological processes and is particularly important for intercellular communication, from the cytoplasm to the host or external environment. Gram-positive bacteria can secrete proteins through multiple secretion pathways. The non-classical secretion pathway has recently received increasing attention among these secretion pathways, but its exact mechanism remains unclear. Non-classical secreted proteins (NCSPs) are a class of secreted proteins lacking signal peptides and motifs. Several NCSP predictors have been proposed to identify NCSPs and most of them employed the whole amino acid sequence of NCSPs to construct the model. However, the sequence length of different proteins varies greatly. In addition, not all regions of the protein are equally important and some local regions are not relevant to the secretion. The functional regions of the protein, particularly in the N- and C-terminal regions, contain important determinants for secretion. In this study, we propose a new hybrid deep learning-based framework, referred to as ASPIRER, which improves the prediction of NCSPs from amino acid sequences. More specifically, it combines a whole sequence-based XGBoost model and an N-terminal sequence-based convolutional neural network model; 5-fold cross-validation and independent tests demonstrate that ASPIRER achieves superior performance than existing state-of-the-art approaches. The source code and curated datasets of ASPIRER are publicly available at https://github.com/yanwu20/ASPIRER/. ASPIRER is anticipated to be a useful tool for improved prediction of novel putative NCSPs from sequences information and prioritization of candidate proteins for follow-up experimental validation.
qmotif: determination of telomere content from whole-genome sequence data
Authors: Holmes Oliver , Nones Katia , Tang Yue Hang , Loffler Kelly A , Lee Michael , Patch Ann-Marie , Dagg Rebecca A , Lau Loretta M S , Leonard Conrad , Wood Scott , Xu Qinying , Pickett Hilda A , Reddel Roger R , Barbour Andrew P , Grimmond Sean M , Waddell Nicola , Pearson John V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Changes in telomere length have been observed in cancer and can be indicative of mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. Most methods used to estimate telomere length require laboratory analysis of DNA samples. Here, we present qmotif, a fast and easy tool that determines telomeric repeat sequences content as an estimate of telomere length directly from whole-genome sequencing.

Results
qmotif shows similar results to quantitative PCR, the standard method for high-throughput clinical telomere length quantification. qmotif output correlates strongly with the output of other tools for determining telomere sequence content, TelSeq and TelomereHunter, but can run in a fraction of the time—usually under a minute.

Availability and implementation
qmotif is implemented in Java and source code is available at https://github.com/AdamaJava/adamajava, with instructions on how to build and use the application available from https://adamajava.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Recovery in the melting pot: complex origins and restored genetic diversity in newly established Eurasian beaver (Rodentia: Castoridae) populations
Authors: Munclinger Pavel , Syrůčková Alena , Náhlovský Jan , Durka Walter , Saveljev Alexander P , Rosell Frank , Stubbe Annegret , Stubbe Michael , Ulevičius Alius , Samiya Ravchig , Yanuta Grigori , Vorel Aleš 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Several larger vertebrate species have recovered from dramatic bottlenecks caused by overhunting and habitat destruction. One of the most notable comebacks concerns the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.), which has increased its range by natural dispersal from both relict populations and populations established through translocations. Genetic methods have recently been used to study beavers at several locations. However, owing to a lack of reference samples from relict populations and alternative names of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, the ancestry of re-established beaver populations remains obscure. Here, we focus on the genetic characterization of several newly established populations. Unlike previous studies, we also used microsatellite genotypes of reference samples from all relict populations. Our analysis was fully capable of tracing the origin of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome to relict populations. Although we confirmed an extraordinarily low genetic diversity in relict populations, our analysis showed restored diversity in newly established populations resulting from translocations. Recent expansions and stochastic effects have created a strong but complicated population structure, with neighbouring populations differing significantly in genetic composition. We conclude that this restored genetic diversity very likely contributes to the viability and ongoing expansion of the newly established populations.
Cellular and evolutionary perspectives on organismal cognition: from unicellular to multicellular organisms
Authors: Baluška František , Miller William B , Reber Arthur S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we follow the evolutionary origins of cells as unicellular organisms and their evolution towards multicellularity, with a focus on plants and animals, both of which have two basic types of organismal self-identities: the immunological and the neuronal. Most cells of the animal immune system and its mesenchymal tissues are amoeba-like without flagella or cilia and form only loose cell–cell contacts. On the other hand, neuronal and epithelial cells are typically ciliated and assemble epithelial or neuronal synapses. In contrast, walled cells of higher plants lack flagella or cilia. However, lower plants up to the gymnosperm tree Ginkgo biloba have flagellated sperm cells. In our symbiotic concept of eukaryogenesis, the first ancient eukaryotic cells emerged from the merger of a large amoeba-like host cell with a small flagellated guest cell which later transformed into the eukaryotic nucleus. This duality at the origin of the eukaryotic cell matches with the duality of sexual gametes. It also corresponds to the immune system/neural dualities of organismal self-identities in both animals and plants.
Diversification of tiny toads (Bufonidae:Amazophrynella) sheds light on ancient landscape dynamism in Amazonia
Authors: Moraes Leandro J C L , Werneck Fernanda P , Réjaud Alexandre , Rodrigues Miguel T , Prates Ivan , Glaw Frank , Kok Philippe J R , Ron Santiago R , Chaparro Juan C , Osorno-Muñoz Mariela , Dal Vechio Francisco , Recoder Renato S , Marques-Souza Sérgio , Rojas Rommel R , Demay Léa , Hrbek Tomas , Fouquet Antoine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMajor historical landscape changes have left significant signatures on species diversification. However, how these changes have affected the build-up and maintenance of Amazonia’s megadiversity continues to be debated. Here, we addressed this issue by focusing on the evolutionary history of a pan-Amazonian toad genus that has diversified throughout the Neogene (Amazophrynella). Based on a comprehensive spatial and taxonomic sampling (286 samples, all nominal species), we delimited operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from mitochondrial DNA sequences. We delimited 35 OTUs, among which 13 correspond to nominal species, suggesting a vast underestimation of species richness. Next, we inferred time-calibrated phylogenetic relationships among OTUs based on complete mitogenomic data, which confirmed an ancient divergence between two major clades distributed in eastern and western Amazonia, respectively. Ancestral area reconstruction analyses suggest that the Andean foothills and the Brazilian Shield region represent the ancient core areas for their diversification. These two clades, probably isolated from one other by lacustrine ecosystems in western Amazonia during the Miocene, display a pattern of northward and eastward dispersals throughout the Miocene‒Pliocene. Given the ecological association of Amazophrynella with non-flooded forests, our results reinforce the perception that ancient Amazonian landscape changes had a major impact on the diversification of terrestrial vertebrates.