bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact‐Free Remote Manipulation of Hydrogel Properties Using Light‐Triggerable Nanoparticles: A Materials Science Perspective for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Choi Cho‐E , Chakraborty Aishik , Coyle Ali , Shamiya Yasmeen , Paul Arghya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made in synthesizing “intelligent”, biodegradable hydrogels that undergo rapid changes in physicochemical properties once exposed to external stimuli. These advantageous properties of stimulus‐triggered materials make them highly appealing to diverse biomedical applications. Of late, research on the incorporation of light‐triggered nanoparticles (NPs) into polymeric hydrogel networks has gained momentum due to their ability to remotely tune hydrogel properties using facile, contact‐free approaches, such as adjustment of wavelength and intensity of light source. These multi‐functional NPs, in combination with tissue‐mimicking hydrogels, are increasingly being used for on‐demand drug release, preparing diagnostic kits, and fabricating smart scaffolds. Here, the authors discuss the atomic behavior of different NPs in the presence of light, and critically review the mechanisms by which NPs convert light stimuli into heat energy. Then, they explain how these NPs impact the mechanical properties and rheological behavior of NPs‐impregnated hydrogels. Understanding the rheological behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels using different sophisticated strategies, including computer‐assisted machine learning, is critical for designing the next generation of drug delivery systems. Next, they highlight the salient strategies that have been used to apply light‐induced nanocomposites for diverse biomedical applications and provide an outlook for the further improvement of these NPs‐driven light‐responsive hydrogels.
De Novo Design of A Membrane‐Anchored Probe for Multidimensional Quantification of Endocytic Dynamics
Authors: Qiu Kangqiang , Seino Ryo , Han Guanqun , Ishiyama Munetaka , Ueno Yuichiro , Tian Zhiqi , Sun Yujie , Diao Jiajie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a process of cellular uptake, endocytosis, with gradient acidity in different endocytic vesicles, is vital for the homeostasis of intracellular nutrients and other functions. To study the dynamics of endocytic pathway, a membrane‐anchored pH probe, ECGreen, is synthesized to visualize endocytic vesicles under structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super‐resolution technology. Being sensitive to acidity with increasing fluorescence at low pH, ECGreen can differentiate early and late endosomes as well as endolysosomes. Meanwhile, membrane anchoring not only improves the durability of ECGreen, but also provides an excellent anti‐photobleaching property for long‐time imaging with SIM. Moreover, by taking these advantages of ECGreen, a multidimensional analysis model containing spatial, temporal, and pH information is successfully developed for elucidating the dynamics of endocytic vesicles and their interactions with mitochondria during autophagy, and reveals a fast conversion of endosomes near the plasma membrane.
Doping Control of Magnetic Anisotropy for Stable Antiskyrmion Formation in Schreibersite (Fe,Ni)3P with S4 symmetry
Authors: Karube Kosuke , Peng Licong , Masell Jan , Hemmida Mamoun , Krug von Nidda Hans‐Albrecht , Kézsmárki István , Yu Xiuzhen , Tokura Yoshinori , Taguchi Yasujiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions, vortex‐like topological spin textures, have attracted much interest in a wide range of research fields from fundamental physics to spintronics applications. Recently, growing attention is also paid to antiskyrmions emerging with opposite topological charge in non‐centrosymmetric magnets with D2d or S4 symmetry. In these magnets, complex interplay among anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic dipolar interactions generates various magnetic textures. However, the precise role of these magnetic interactions in stabilizing antiskyrmions remains to be elucidated. In this work, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of schreibersite (Fe,Ni)3P with S4 symmetry is controlled by doping and its impact on the stability of antiskyrmions is investigated. The authors’ magnetometry study, supported by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, shows that the variation of the Ni content and slight doping with 4d transition metals considerably change the magnetic anisotropy. In particular, doping with Pd induces easy‐axis anisotropy, giving rise to formation of antiskyrmions, while a temperature‐induced spin reorientation is observed in an Rh‐doped compound. In combination with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, the stability of antiskyrmion as functions of uniaxial anisotropy and demagnetization energy is quantitatively analyzed, and demonstrated that subtle balance between them is necessary to stabilize the antiskyrmions.
Ultrathin and Mechanically Robust Mussel Byssus‐Inspired MXene@Aramid Nanofibers Materials with Superior Endurance in Harsh Environments for Tunable EMI Shielding Performance
Authors: Lu Jingyi , Cheng Liang , Liao Can , Jia Pengfei , Song Lei , Wang Bibo , Hu Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReducing the fire hazards caused by high power electromagnetic (EM) waves and maintaining operational status of EM interference (EMI) shielding devices in harsh environments have caught increasing eyesight. In this paper, a series of promising EMI shielding materials with mussel byssus‐inspired structure are accomplished via an efficient vacuum‐assisted filtration approach. The flexible multilayered MXene@ANF nacres reveal superior mechanical property compared with both self‐supporting MXene film and MXene@ANF mixture film. Meanwhile, these nacres exhibit both exceeding and tunable EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 40–60 dB in 8.2–12.4 GHz with a thickness of ≈20 µm and the absolute SE (SSEt) accomplishes 36641.94 dB·cm2 g−1. Besides, the exceeding thermal insulation of ANF offers the MXene nacres with an outstanding flame‐stopping capacity, and it can still block 99.99% EM waves after 2 min burning. Furthermore, MXene nacres perform superior endurance in harsh environment and retain EMI SE of 42 dB after the ultralow temperature damage. The EMI SE and fire safety of MXene@ANF with two typical structures, composite films and foam, are also systematically investigated. Therefore, this work is promising to fabricate tunable EMI shielding products with low fire hazards and high endurance in harsh environments.
Creep Behavior of Graphene Oxide, Silk Fibroin, and Cellulose Nanocrystal Bionanofilms
Authors: Shakil Ahmad , Kim Sunghan , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO), silk fibroin (SF), and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposite is a novel biomaterial with superior mechanical properties. Elevated temperature nanoindentation experiments using constant load hold method are performed to investigate temperature‐dependent mechanical and creep behavior of the GO–SF–CNC nanocomposite. Hardness and reduced modulus of GO–SF–CNC are determined from experiments at 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C, and yield strength and creep coefficients are predicted from finite element analysis using two‐layer viscoplasticity theory. Results show that increasing the temperature from 25 to 80 °C, hardness, reduced modulus, and yield strength of GO–SF–CNC nanocomposite dramatically increase by 112%, 40%, and 140% respectively, and creep displacements during constant load hold reduce by 53%. It is attributed to increasing in crystallizations in the nanocomposite because of increasing in β‐sheet formations of SF material and reduction in water molecules in CNC material. However, at 100 °C, the mechanical properties deteriorate, and creep displacements increase because of water evaporation from the nanocomposite, making it weaker. Hardness‐to‐yield strength ratio is found within 1.84–2.06. Maximum creep exponent is 2.9 at 40 °C, which reduces to 2.06 at 80 °C and again increases to 2.27 at 100 °C.
Stable Manganese‐Oxide Composites as Cathodes for Zn‐Ion Batteries: Interface Activation from In Situ Layer Electrochemical Deposition under 2 V
Authors: Álvarez‐Serrano Inmaculada , Almodóvar Paloma , Giraldo David Agustín , Llopis Francisco , Solsona Benjamín , López María Luisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA set of multiphase manganese‐oxide composite materials (Mn2O3@Mn3O4 and Mn3O4@Mn5O8), and a birnessite‐type KxMnO2 oxide are prepared and evaluated as cathodes for Zn‐ion batteries. The species formed when the electrodes are subjected to 2 V in aqueous solutions of MnSO4 and ZnSO4 are analyzed, suggesting an interphase activation leading to enhancement of electrochemical response. For the first time, it is shown that a Zn4(SO4)(OH)6.xH2O phase coats the composite‐type electrodes in the charging stage, contributing to extending the lifetime of the batteries. KxMnO2 electrode with layered birnessite structure shows long cycling life at low current densities (122 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 after 50 cycles) and good efficiencies (ca. 99%) in the 0.1 Mn2+ electrolyte. In contrast, in the 0.5 m Mn2+ electrolyte, high values of specific capacity are delivered by the cell at higher rates, that is, 150 mAh g−1 at 600 mA g−1. In Mn5O8@Mn3O4 the good performance is due to the synergistic effect of the two compounds forming the composite. Thus, after more than 100 cycles this composite displays specific capacity values of 175 mAh g−1 at 2150 mA g−1 in the 0.1 m Mn2+/1 m Zn2+ electrolyte.
Systematic Studies on Liquid Sodium 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)imidazolate (NaTDI)‐Based Electrolytes and Its Impact on the Cycling Behaviour Against Wet Impregnated WI‐NaNMC and Prussian White Cathodes
Authors: Szczęsna‐Chrzan Anna , Trzeciak Tomasz , Zybert Magdalena , Ronduda Hubert , Ostrowski Andrzej , Trzaskowski Maciej , Drozd Marcin , Smoliński Maciej , Żukowska Grażyna Zofia , Raróg‐Pilecka Wioletta , Wieczorek Władysław , Buckel Alexander , Younesi Reza , Marcinek Marek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe article describes a research on new salts and cathode materials dedicated to sodium cells. Sodium technology is considered to be one of the most promising (for new battery generations) and has been very actively (re)‐developed for more than a decade. The first part of this work is mainly focused on electrochemical studies of the low coordinating Hückel type salt (4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)imidazolate, NaTDI)‐based electrolytes with and without solid electrolyte interface modified additives: fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). In the second part electrolytes are tested in a half‐cells with layered oxides. Sodium nickel‐manganese‐cobalt oxide (NaNMC) and WI‐NaNMC‐333 and WI‐NaNMC‐622 layered cathode materials are prepared by wet impregnation synthesis (WI) routine. Prussian White is obtained from University of Uppsala group to compare and initial electrochemical properties against electrolyte with NaTDI. Basic physicochemical properties of the obtained powders are also reported in the manuscript. The best properties are recorded for 0.75 m NaTDI in EC:DMC (1:1 v/v) with 3% FEC additive by its conductivity (11.52 mS cm−1 for 20 °C). The same solution also shows promising results during electrochemical tests in half‐cell geometry against WI‐NaNMC‐622 cathode (114.22 mAh g−1 after 1 cycle C/20). NaPF6 salt is used as an electrolyte as a commercially available reference.
Realization of Polaritonic Topological Charge at Room Temperature Using Polariton Bound States in the Continuum from Perovskite Metasurface
Authors: Dang Nguyen Ha My , Zanotti Simone , Drouard Emmanuel , Chevalier Céline , Trippé‐Allard Gaëlle , Amara Mohamed , Deleporte Emmanuelle , Ardizzone Vincenzo , Sanvitto Daniele , Andreani Lucio Claudio , Seassal Christian , Gerace Dario , Nguyen Hai Son 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExciton‐polaritons are mixed light–matter excitations resulting from the strong coupling regime between an active excitonic material and photonic resonances. Harnessing these hybrid excitations provides a rich playground to explore fascinating fundamental features, as out‐of‐equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensation and quantum fluids of light, plus novel mechanisms to be exploited in optoelectronic devices. The formation of exciton‐polaritons arising from the mixing between hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite excitons and an optical bound state in a continuum (BIC) of a subwavelength‐scale metasurface, are experimentally investigated at room temperature. These polaritonic eigenmodes, hereby called polariton BICs (pol‐BICs) are revealed in reflectivity, resonant scattering, and photoluminescence measurements. Although pol‐BICs only exhibit a finite quality factor bounded by the nonradiative losses of the excitonic component, they fully inherit BIC peculiar features: a full uncoupling from the radiative continuum in the vertical direction, which is associated to a locally vanishing farfield radiation in momentum space. Most importantly, the experimental results confirm that the topological nature of the photonic BIC is perfectly transferred to the pol‐BIC. This is evidenced by the observation of a polarization vortex in the farfield of polaritonic emission. The results pave the way to engineer BIC physics of interacting bosons and novel room temperature polaritonic devices.
Mechanistic Insights into Annulation of Arylidene‐Δ2‐Pyrrolin‐4‐Ones by Cinchona Squaramide‐Based Organocatalysts
Authors: Ciber Luka , Ričko Sebastijan , Gregorc Jure , Požgan Franc , Svete Jurij , Brodnik Helena , Štefane Bogdan , Grošelj Uroš 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArylidene‐Δ2‐pyrrolin‐4‐ones undergo organocatalyzed annulation with malononitrile, furnishing dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]pyrroles (18 examples, 0–77% ee in dichloromethane, 11–44% ee in methanol). The products could be enantiomerically enriched by trituration (11 examples, 95–99% ee). Enantioselectivity was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the conformation of the catalyst, which in turn was solvent‐controlled. The reaction mechanism, which included two pseudo‐enantiomeric organocatalyst conformations, was investigated by experimental and quantum chemical methods. The reaction mechanism consists of Michael addition reaction step followed by 6‐exo‐dig annulation, which was found to be the rate determining step. Additionally, it was identified that the preferred reaction pathway follows the model originally proposed by Pápai et al.magnified image
Multipoint Costriking Nanodevice Eliminates Primary Tumor Cells and Associated‐Circulating Tumor Cells for Enhancing Metastasis Inhibition and Therapeutic Effect on HCC
Authors: Mu Weiwei , Chu Qihui , Yang Huizhen , Guan Li , Fu Shunli , Gao Tong , Sang Xiao , Zhang Zipeng , Liang Shuang , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEliminating primary tumor (“roots”) and inhibiting associated‐circulating tumor cells (associated‐CTCs, “seeds”) are vital issues that need to be urgently addressed in cancer therapy. Associated‐CTCs, which include single CTCs, CTC clusters, and CTC–neutrophil clusters, are essential executors in metastasis and the cause of metastasis‐related death in cancer patients. Herein, a “roots and seeds” multipoint costriking nanodevice (GV‐Lipo/sorafenib (SF)/digitoxin (DT)) is developed to eliminate primary tumors and inhibit the spread of associated‐CTCs for enhancing metastasis inhibition and the therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GV‐Lipo/SF/DT eliminates primary tumor cells by the action of SF, thus reducing CTC production at the roots and improving the therapeutic effect on HCC. GV‐Lipo/SF/DT inhibits associated‐CTCs effectively via the enhanced identification and capture effects of glypican‐3 and/or vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) targeting, dissociating CTC clusters using DT, blocking the formation of CTC–neutrophil clusters using anti‐VCAM1 monoclonal antibody, and killing CTCs with SF. It is successfully verified that GV‐Lipo/SF/DT increases the CTC elimination efficiency in vivo, thus effectively preventing metastasis, and shows enhanced antitumor efficacy in both an H22‐bearing tumor model and orthotopic HCC models. Overall, the “roots and seeds” multipoint costriking strategy may open a new cancer treatment model for the clinic.
Designing Conductive‐Bridge Phase‐Change Memory to Enable Ultralow Programming Power
Authors: Yang Zhe , Li Bowen , Wang Jiang‐Jing , Wang Xu‐Dong , Xu Meng , Tong Hao , Cheng Xiaomin , Lu Lu , Jia Chunlin , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui , Zhang Wei , Ma En 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhase‐change material (PCM) devices are one of the most mature nonvolatile memories. However, their high power consumption remains a bottleneck problem limiting the data storage density. One may drastically reduce the programming power by patterning the PCM volume down to nanometer scale, but that route incurs a stiff penalty from the tremendous cost associated with the complex nanofabrication protocols required. Instead, here a materials solution to resolve this dilemma is offered. The authors work with memory cells of conventional dimensions, but design/exploit a PCM alloy that decomposes into a heterogeneous network of nanoscale crystalline domains intermixed with amorphous ones. The idea is to confine the subsequent phase‐change switching in the interface region of the crystalline nanodomain with its amorphous surrounding, forming/breaking “nano‐bridges” that link up the crystalline domains into a conductive path. This conductive‐bridge switching mechanism thus only involves nanometer‐scale volume in programming, despite of the large areas in contact with the electrodes. The pore‐like devices based on spontaneously phase‐separated Ge13Sb71O16alloy enable a record‐low programming energy, down to a few tens of femtojoule. The new PCM/fabrication is fully compatible with the current 3D integration technology, adding no expenses or difficulty in processing.
Inhibition of Calcium Signaling Prevents Exhaustion and Enhances Anti‐Leukemia Efficacy of CAR‐T Cells via SOCE‐Calcineurin‐NFAT and Glycolysis Pathways
Authors: Shao Mi , Teng Xinyi , Guo Xin , Zhang Hao , Huang Yue , Cui Jiazhen , Si Xiaohui , Ding Lijuan , Wang Xiujian , Li Xia , Shi Jimin , Zhang Mingming , Kong Delin , Gu Tianning , Hu Yongxian , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are potent agents for recognizing and eliminating tumors, and have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of patients with refractory leukemia and lymphoma. However, dysfunction of T cells, including exhaustion, is an inevitable obstacle for persistent curative effects. Here, the authors initially found that calcium signaling is hyperactivated via sustained tonic signaling in CAR‐T cells. Next, it is revealed that the store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) inhibitor BTP‐2, but not the calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM, markedly diminishes CAR‐T cell exhaustion and terminal differentiation of CAR‐T cells in both tonic signaling and tumor antigen exposure models. Furthermore, BTP‐2 pretreated CAR‐T cells show improved antitumor potency and prolonged survival in vivo. Mechanistically, transcriptome and metabolite analyses reveal that treatment with BTP‐2 significantly downregulate SOCE‐calcineurin‐nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) and glycolysis pathways. Together, the results indicate that modulating the SOCE‐calcineurin‐NFAT pathway in CAR‐T cells renders them resistant to exhaustion, thereby yielding CAR products with enhanced antitumor potency.
Perovskite Quantum Dots in Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Lu , Najar Adel , Wang Kai , Du Minyong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have captured a host of researchers’ attention due to their unique properties, which have been introduced to lots of optoelectronics areas, such as light‐emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells. Herein, the authors aim at reviewing the achievements of PQDs applied to solar cells in recent years. The engineering concerning surface ligands, additives, and hybrid composition for PQDSCs is outlined first, followed by analyzing the reasons of undesired performance of PQDSCs. Subsequently, a novel overview that PQDs are utilized to improve the photovoltaic performance of various kinds of solar cells, is provided. Finally, this review is summarized and some challenges and perspectives concerning PQDs are also discussed.
Impact of Ferroelectric Domain Structure on Bulk Photovoltaic Effect of Epitaxial BiFe1−xCoxO3 Films
Authors: Chen Yang , Wei Haoming , Wu Yangqing , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFerroelectric domain is an elusive feature on bulk photovoltaic effect and can be tuned by the growth conditions. Here, in (111)‐oriented BiFe1−xCoxO3 epitaxial films, the periodic ferroelectric domains structure is manipulated by Co‐doped concentration. The intrinsic 109° domain structure is turned into 71° domain structure due to reduction of crystal cell volume. The experimental results show that ferroelectric domain and ferroelectric domain wall (DW) play completely different roles in bulk photovoltaic effect. In ferroelectric domain structure, the domain provides a depolarization field for the separation of photogenerated carriers and DW is carriers transport channel. The 71° ferroelectric domain creates a larger depolarization field than the 109° domain, which leads to open‐circuit voltage exceeding 1.7 V. Besides, the 71° domain wall has a higher photoconductivity than the 109° domain wall, which makes short‐circuit current density reaching 0.42 mA cm−2. The optimization of domain structure will effectively enhance bulk photovoltaic effect and also provides a new method to regulate the domain structure for bulk photovoltaic devices.
From the Direct Observation of a PAA‐Based Binder Using STEM‐VEELS to the Ageing Mechanism of Silicon/Graphite Anode with High Areal Capacity Cycled in an FEC‐Rich and EC‐Free Electrolyte
Authors: Xiong Jianhan , Dupré Nicolas , Moreau Philippe , Lestriez Bernard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe polymer binder is a key constituent of silicon‐based electrode formulation for lithium‐ion batteries. However, its extremely difficult visualization in fresh electrodes becomes completely impossible in cycled electrodes. Here, the combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy—valence electron energy‐loss spectroscopy with the use of a specific electrolyte solvent composition (a mixture of dimethyl carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate, without ethylene carbonate) allows the visualization, for the first time, of the binder in silicon‐based electrodes, even cycled up to 100 cycles. Such an observation is possible as the only solid degradation product of this electrolyte is LiF, as confirmed by quantitative 7Li and 19F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The electrodes, based on a blend of silicon and graphite, have a very high surface capacity, 6.5 mAh cm−2, which makes them meaningful for electric vehicle applications. The performance is appreciable, in particular the first cycle efficiency approaching that of commercial graphite electrodes, as well as the capacity retention in full cell, versus LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, 60% after 100 cycles. This work also illustrates the ultimate state of destructuration of silicon after long cycling, which invites new ways of thinking about the design of this material.