bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Mode Shape Dependent Flame-Acoustic Interactions in Reheat Flames
Authors: McClure Jonathan , Bothien Mirko , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gas turbines featuring sequentially staged combustion systems offer excellent performance in terms of fuel flexibility, part load performance and combined-cycle efficiency. These reheat combustion systems are therefore a key technology for meeting fluctuating power demand in energy infrastructures with increasing proportions of volatile renewable energy sources. To allow the high operational flexibility required to operate in this role, it is essential that the impact of thermoacoustic instabilities is minimized at all engine load conditions. In this case, high-frequency thermoacoustic instabilities in the second “reheat” combustion stage are investigated. Reheat flames are stabilized by both auto-ignition and propagation and, as a result, additional thermoacoustic driving mechanisms are present compared with more conventional swirl-stabilized combustors. Two self-excited thermoacoustic modes have been observed in a 1 MW reheat test rig at atmospheric pressure, one which exhibits limit-cycle behavior while the other is only intermittently unstable. The underlying driving mechanisms for each individual mode have been investigated previously and, in this paper, the two modes are directly compared to understand why these instabilities are each associated with different driving phenomena. It is shown that, due to the different flame regimes present in the reheat combustor, the potential for flame-acoustic coupling is highly dependent on the thermoacoustic mode shape. Different interactions between the flame and acoustics are possible depending on the orientation of the acoustic pressure nodes and antinodes relative to the auto-ignition- and propagation-stabilized flame regions, with the strongest coupling occurring when an antinode is located close to the auto-ignition zone. This provides insight into the significance of the different driving mechanisms and contributes to the ongoing development of models to allow prediction and mitigation of thermoacoustic instabilities in reheat combustion systems, which are crucial for reliable combustor designs in the future.
Data-Driven Inversion-Free Workflow of Well Performance Forecast Under Uncertainty for Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Lin Hai , Zhou Fujian , Xiao Cong , Yang Xiangtong , Wang Yan , Zhang Yang , Hou Tengfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWell performance prediction and uncertainty quantification of fractured shale reservoir are crucial aspects of efficient development and economic management of unconventional oil and gas resources. The uncertainty related to the characterization of fracture topology is highly difficult to be quantified by the conventional model-based history matching procedure in practical applications. Data-space inversion (DSI) is a recently developed inversion-free and rapid forecast approach that directly samples the posterior distribution of quantities of interest using only prior model simulation results and historical data. This paper presents some comparative studies between a recent DSI implementation based on iterative ensemble smoother (DSI-IES), model-based history matching, and conventional decline curve analysis (DCA) for shale gas rate forecast. The DSI-IES method treats the shale gas production rate as target variables, which are directly predicted via conditioning to historical data. Dimensionality reduction is also used to regularize the time-series production data by low-order representation. This approach is tested on two examples with increasing complexity, e.g., a fractured vertical well and a multistage fractured horizontal well in the actual fractured Barnett shale reservoir. The results indicate that compared with the traditional history matching and DCA methods, the DSI-IES obtains high robustness with a high computational efficiency. The application of data-space inversion-free method can effectively tap the potential value directly from historical data, which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for rapid decision-making and risk assessment.
Suppression of Stall-Induced Instability and Positive Slope at Low Flow Rates of an Axial Fan With Two-Dimensional Anti-Stall Fin
Authors: Kim Yong-In , Lee Sang-Yeol , Yang Hyeon-Mo , Lee Kyoung-Yong , Yang Sang-Ho , Choi Young-Seok 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An axial fan in the general industry needs to secure stable characteristics in a wide operating range through an antistalling process, concerning its high demands, energy consumption, safety, and lifetime. As a “simple” and “original” method to control the stall of an axial fan, two-dimensional plates so-named anti-stall fin (ASF) were attached inside the casing and toward the shaft. The sensitivity analysis for design variables was conducted through the 2k full factorial design method, and the optimization was performed using the response surface method (RSM). In the case of an axial fan without the ASF, the backflow gradually increased in the spanwise direction toward the hub and the streamwise direction to the inlet passage (upstream), as the flowrate decreased, and the rotating stall was developed through the quickening-growing-setting period. However, an ASF-attached axial fan stably recovered performance degradation in the stalling flow rates and allowed to form a negative slope to 0.5Φd. This study was mainly based on numerical simulations, while the performance before/after application of the ASF was validated through experimental tests.
Do physical activity interventions combining self-monitoring with other components provide an additional benefit compared with self-monitoring alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vetrovsky Tomas , Borowiec Agnieszka , Juřík Roman , Wahlich Charlotte , Śmigielski Witold , Steffl Michal , Tufano James J , Drygas Wojciech , Stastny Petr , Harris Tess , Małek Łukasz 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the net effect of different physical activity intervention components on step counts in addition to self-monitoring.DesignA systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesFive databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Discus) were searched from inception to May 2022. The database search was complemented with backward and forward citation searches and search of the references from relevant systematic reviews.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing an intervention using self-monitoring (active control arm) with an intervention comprising the same treatment PLUS any additional component (intervention arm).Data extraction and synthesisThe effect measures were mean differences in daily step count. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and effect moderators were explored using univariate and multivariate meta-regression models.ResultsEighty-five studies with 12 057 participants were identified, with 75 studies included in the meta-analysis at postintervention and 24 at follow-up. At postintervention, the mean difference between the intervention and active control arms was 926 steps/day (95% CI 651 to 1201). At a follow-up, the mean difference was 413 steps/day (95% CI 210 to 615). Interventions with a prescribed goal and involving human counselling, particularly via phone/video calls, were associated with a greater mean difference in the daily step count than interventions with added print materials, websites, smartphone apps or incentives.ConclusionPhysical activity interventions that combine self-monitoring with other components provide an additional modest yet sustained increase in step count compared with self-monitoring alone. Some forms of counselling, particularly remote phone/video counselling, outperformed other intervention components, such as websites and smartphone apps.PROSPERO registered numberCRD42020199482.
End-of-Life Essentials education modules: a quality and safety initiative to improve health professionals end-of-life care knowledge, skills, attitude and confidence
Authors: Devery Kim , Yin Huahua , Rawlings Deb 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThere is a need for expanded end-of-life (EOL) care education and resources for health professionals in acute hospitals to help them increase EOL care skills and knowledge, and build capacity and confidence to provide high-quality EOL care. End-of-Life Essentials (EOLE) is an Australian government-funded project, which offers free peer-reviewed online education modules and implementation resources on EOL care to health professionals in acute hospitals, aiming to help support the provision of high-quality EOL care.MethodsThe development of EOLE education modules included seven major steps and two peer-review processes. In total, ten EOLE education modules and associated toolkits had been developed by the end of 2018. To evaluate the effectiveness of EOLE education modules, premodule and postmodule survey data from all ten modules and registration data were extracted from the EOLE learning management system for a 4-month period. The significance of difference in learners’ self-perceived EOL care knowledge, skills, attitude and confidence before and after module learning were tested by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests.ResultsResults from Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests revealed statistically significant improvement in learners’ self-perceived EOL care knowledge, skill, attitude and confidence after completion of EOLE modules regardless of their discipline (p<0.001). The learners from different disciplines also reported a high level of intention (median=4, IQR=1) to change their practice after completion of EOLE module learning.ConclusionThe evaluation results show a positive impact of EOLE module learning on allied health professionals, doctors and nurses, suggesting that EOLE could be a reliable and accessible online EOL care education resources for health professionals of all disciplines to improve their EOL care knowledge, skills and confidence, build up their capacities in providing quality EOL care to patients and their families, in turn, improve the quality and safety of EOL care in health settings.
Single-centre case–control study investigating the association between acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in a young, overweight, UK population
Authors: Callanan Niamh , Wright Neil 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which the presence of acanthosis nigricans confers additional risk for insulin resistance, in addition to obesity alone (body mass index, BMI) within a young, overweight, UK population.Research design and methodsRetrospective data were collected to compare the degree of insulin resistance within a sample of 94 young people with acanthosis nigricans, and a matched cohort of 94 participants with obesity alone. Insulin resistance was assessed by fasting glucose, fasting insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (a mathematical model derived to measure insulin resistance).ResultsThe acanthotic and control group were well matched for age, BMI, BMI SDS and sex, although the groups were not matched for ethnicity. The acanthotic group showed a significantly greater median fasting insulin (215 pmol/L), mean fasting glucose (4.7 mmol/L) and median HOMA-IR score (6.4), compared with the control group (126 pmol/L, 4.5 mmol/L and 3.7, respectively). The presence of acanthosis nigricans as an indicator of insulin resistance was found to have a positive predictive value of 81% (within this study population).ConclusionIndividuals with both acanthosis nigricans and obesity had significantly greater degrees of insulin resistance than individuals with obesity alone. The findings support the potential for acanthosis nigricans as a visible marker of type 2 diabetes in young people.
Production and characterization of virus-free, CRISPR-CAR T cells capable of inducing solid tumor regression
Authors: Mueller Katherine P , Piscopo Nicole J , Forsberg Matthew H , Saraspe Louise A , Das Amritava , Russell Brittany , Smerchansky Madeline , Cappabianca Dan , Shi Lei , Shankar Keerthana , Sarko Lauren , Khajanchi Namita , La Vonne Denne Nina , Ramamurthy Apoorva , Ali Adeela , Lazzarotto Cicera R , Tsai Shengdar Q , Capitini Christian M , Saha Krishanu 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated high clinical response rates against hematological malignancies (e.g., CD19+ cancers) but have shown limited activity in patients with solid tumors. Recent work showed that precise insertion of a CAR at a defined locus improves treatment outcomes in the context of a CD19 CAR; however, it is unclear if such a strategy could also affect outcomes in solid tumors. Furthermore, CAR manufacturing generally relies on viral vectors for gene delivery, which comprise a complex and resource-intensive part of the manufacturing supply chain.MethodsAnti-GD2 CAR T cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 within 9 days using recombinant Cas9 protein and nucleic acids, without any viral vectors. The CAR was specifically targeted to the T cell receptor alpha constant gene (TRAC). T cell products were characterized at the level of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and secretome using CHANGE-seq, targeted next-generation sequencing, scRNA-seq, spectral cytometry, and ELISA assays, respectively. Functionality was evaluatedin vivoin an NSG™ xenograft neuroblastoma model.ResultsIn comparison to retroviral CAR T cells, virus-free CRISPR CAR (VFC-CAR) T cells exhibitTRAC-targeted genomic integration of the CAR transgene, elevation of transcriptional and protein characteristics associated with a memory-like phenotype, and low tonic signaling prior to infusion arising in part from the knockout of the T cell receptor. On exposure to the GD2 target antigen, anti-GD2 VFC-CAR T cells exhibit specific cytotoxicity against GD2+ cells in vitroand induce solid tumor regressionin vivo. VFC-CAR T cells demonstrate robust homing and persistence and decreased exhaustion relative to retroviral CAR T cells against a human neuroblastoma xenograft model.ConclusionsThis study leverages virus-free genome editing technology to generate CAR T cells featuring aTRAC-targeted CAR, which could inform manufacturing of CAR T cells to treat cancers, including solid tumors.
Advancing in Schaaf-Yang syndrome pathophysiology: from bedside to subcellular analyses of truncated MAGEL2
Authors: Castilla-Vallmanya Laura , Centeno-Pla Mónica , Serrano Mercedes , Franco-Valls Héctor , Martínez-Cabrera Raúl , Prat-Planas Aina , Rojano Elena , Ranea Juan A G , Seoane Pedro , Oliva Clara , Paredes-Fuentes Abraham J , Marfany Gemma , Artuch Rafael , Grinberg Daniel , Rabionet Raquel , Balcells Susanna , Urreizti Roser 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSchaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is caused by truncating mutations inMAGEL2, mapping to the Prader-Willi region (15q11-q13), with an observed phenotype partially overlapping that of Prader-Willi syndrome. MAGEL2 plays a role in retrograde transport and protein recycling regulation. Our aim is to contribute to the characterisation of SYS pathophysiology at clinical, genetic and molecular levels.MethodsWe performed an extensive phenotypic and mutational revision of previously reported patients with SYS. We analysed the secretion levels of amyloid-β 1–40 peptide (Aβ1-40) and performed targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in fibroblasts of patients with SYS (n=7) compared with controls (n=11). We also transfected cell lines with vectors encoding wild-type (WT) or mutated MAGEL2 to assess stability and subcellular localisation of the truncated protein.ResultsFunctional studies show significantly decreased levels of secreted Aβ1-40and intracellular glutamine in SYS fibroblasts compared with WT. We also identified 132 differentially expressed genes, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such asHOTAIR, and many of them related to developmental processes and mitotic mechanisms. The truncated form of MAGEL2 displayed a stability similar to the WT but it was significantly switched to the nucleus, compared with a mainly cytoplasmic distribution of the WT MAGEL2. Based on the updated knowledge, we offer guidelines for the clinical management of patients with SYS.ConclusionA truncated MAGEL2 protein is stable and localises mainly in the nucleus, where it might exert a pathogenic neomorphic effect. Aβ1-40secretion levels andHOTAIRmRNA levels might be promising biomarkers for SYS. Our findings may improve SYS understanding and clinical management.
Leadership, teamwork and technology enabling the largest free and accessible event worldwide on COVID-19 management
Authors: Pereira Daniella Nunes , Marcolino Milena Soriano 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo report the experience of technology-enabling organisation and deployment of a large-scale free online scientific event about COVID-19, and to share leadership lessons learnt.MethodsThe ‘First Brazilian Congress of Clinical Evidence on COVID-19’ took place between 3 May and 7 May 2021 and was hosted by theUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, one of Brazil’s top federal universities. Online platforms and a website were used for registration, as well as live transmission of the event, such as Zoom, YouTube and Even. A Situational Leadership framework was used to lead the team. Participants’ satisfaction was evaluated through an online questionnaire.ResultsThere were overall 27 000 registrations. The transmission reached over 97 100 views, from Brazil, Cuba, Mexico and the UK. Conference’s topics included the whole COVID-19 ‘system of care’. Speakers and moderators from all over Brazil and abroad were chosen according to their expertise on COVID-19 and on evidence-based medicine. Video testimonies were presented between sessions from people who could not work from home about what touched their heart during the pandemic. Accessibility was ensured through simultaneous translation to Brazilian sign language. From 2228 respondents of the satisfaction assessment questionnaire, 97.4% reported their expectations to be exceeded and 86.8% reported acquiring new knowledge about COVID-19.ConclusionThis experience showed that leadership, teamwork, motivation and technology enabled the dissemination of accessible scientific evidence on COVID-19 to a large audience through a free online event. Lessons learnt may be useful for the post-pandemic, for new-waves, as well as recovery.
TheMystery Arts BoxProject: a qualitative exploration of the experiences, benefits, and challenges of participating in a remotely delivered art and craft project for British veterans with visual impairment
Authors: Castle Claire , Engward H , Kersey T , Kirk-Partridge L 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe clinical application of the arts among military personnel and veterans has been well documented, particularly in relation to service-related mental health difficulties. However, the impacts of engaging recreationally with art activities on general well-being remain underexplored and even more so among those living with visual impairment (VI). This pilot explored the artistic experiences of veterans with VI participating in a remotely delivered art and craft project during continued COVID-19 restrictions in Spring/Summer 2021.MethodsSix participants received amystery arts box(MAB) containing a selection of materials, collated to encourage experimentation with unfamiliar techniques. Participants were asked to journal their process as they developed a final piece/pieces. They were invited to join group video calls to share work and ideas and seek guidance. Semistructured interviews were run with participants at the end of the project. Journal and interview data were thematically analysed.ResultsAnalysis identified 11 themes relating to initial and ongoing responses to theMABand creative and journalling process. Several benefits were identified, including artistic learning, trying something new, and social, cognitive and emotional experiences. The value of the activity to participants’ lives within the context of the ongoing pandemic was also considered. Challenges were associated with the use of unfamiliar materials, impacts of sight loss and the limitations of remote delivery.ConclusionThis pilot brings to the fore the everyday artistic experience of veterans living with VI and considers the benefits, challenges and well-being implications of a remotely delivered arts activity. Findings illustrate the importance of ensuring accessibility of artistic activities to those for whom disability might limit participation and highlight the ongoing role that remotely delivered arts activities might play in meeting the social and recreational needs of individuals beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Color flow Doppler in spinal ultrasound: a novel technique for assessment of catheter position in labor epidurals
Authors: van den Bosch Oscar F C , Gleicher Yehoshua , Arzola Cristian , Siddiqui Naveed , Downey Kristi , Carvalho Jose C A 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundUltrasound is commonly used to facilitate epidural catheter placement. However, data are lacking regarding its potential to confirm its position in the epidural space. Our aim was to visualize flow in the epidural space of patients receiving epidural analgesia for labor using color flow Doppler ultrasound.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study that included patients who had delivered vaginally under epidural analgesia. We used a 5–2 mHz curvilinear probe in a left and right paramedian longitudinal oblique view to visualize the anterior and posterior complex at the interspace of epidural catheter insertion, one and two interspaces above and below. At each window, the color flow Doppler function was used to visualize flow within the epidural space on injection of normal saline (1 mL). If no flow was visualized at any interspace, one assessment at the level of insertion was repeated with a 1 mL air/saline mixture. We studied a convenience sample size of 40 patients.ResultsWe visualized flow in the epidural space in all 40 patients. Flow was visualized on injection of 1 mL of saline in 37/40 patients (93%). In the remaining 3/40 patients (7%), flow was visualized with an air/saline mixture. Flow on injection of saline was visualized only at the interspace of insertion in 26/37 patients (70%), at the interspace of insertion and one interspace above in 10/37 (27%), or only at one interspace above in 1/37 (3%). Flow was visualized only on the left or on the right paramedian view in 19/37 patients (51%), despite a symmetrical sensory block in all patients.ConclusionColor flow Doppler ultrasound is a feasible and fast way to determine flow in the epidural space in the obstetric population. Its potential clinical uses are confirmation of the epidural catheter position after placement, as well as troubleshooting of unsatisfactory epidural analgesia. Interestingly, our results suggest that epidural catheters predominantly remain at the interspace of insertion.Trial registration numberNCT05126745.