bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Patient: Management and the Long-term Consequences of Graves' Disease in Children
Authors: Rivkees Scott A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In children, Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Most pediatric patients with GD will not go into lasting remission, even following many years of antidrug therapy. Thus, most pediatric patients will require radioactive iodine (RAI) or surgery. When antithyroid drugs are used, methimazole is the drug of choice. When methimazole is used in children, up to 20% will have minor adverse reactions and serious adverse events occur in up to 1%. RAI is an effective form of therapy when the thyroid size is less than 80 g. Because of concerns of whole-body radiation exposure, it is recommended that RAI be avoided in children under 5 years of age, and dosages less than 10 mCi be used between 5 and 10 years of age. Surgery is an effective treatment in children if performed by a high-volume thyroid surgeon. Because of the scarcity of high-volume pediatric thyroid surgeons, a multidisciplinary approach using pediatric surgeons and endocrine surgeons can be considered. Whereas there is a trend toward long-term antithyroid drug therapy in adults, for several reasons, this approach may not be practical for children. Determining the optimal treatment for the pediatric patient with GD, requires consideration of the risks and benefits relating to age and likelihood of remission.
Empowering Lordship in the Registers of Homage to Charles VI (Languedoc, 1389–1390)
Authors: Graham-Goering Erika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article surveys the extensive registers of homages and dénombrements from the voyage of King Charles VI to Languedoc in 1389–90 as evidence of the reinforcement of seigneurial power through interaction with the royal government. These records established a consensus view of aristocratic power in the seneschalsies of Toulouse and Carcassonne but differentiated those who owed homage or fealty to the king. This distinction revealed a consistent gap within the stratification of social status and judicial rights of the men and women in these groups, even as references to lordship across this corpus remained stable. Lordship and nobility were thus malleable but separate concepts, and lordship cut across the divide between the categories of high and low justice often prioritized by normative models of power. The negotiations surrounding seigneurial authority suggest a decentralized and dynamic alternative to top-down models of the political development of the late medieval French kingdom.Cet article aborde les registres d'hommages et de dénombrements faits au roi Charles VI en Languedoc en 1389–90 en les traitant comme signes du renforcement du pouvoir seigneurial à travers des interactions avec la monarchie. Ces registres établissent une vision consensuelle du pouvoir aristocratique dans les sénéchaussées de Toulouse et de Carcassonne, tout en distinguant ceux qui doivent hommage ou fidélité au roi. Cette distinction révèle un écart dans la stratification du statut social et des droits judiciaires de ces hommes et femmes, alors même que les références à la seigneurie restent stables dans l'ensemble du corpus. La seigneurie et la noblesse sont donc des concepts malléables mais distincts, et la seigneurie recoupe la distinction entre les catégories de haute et de basse justice privilégiées par les modèles normatifs du pouvoir. Ces négociations autour de l'autorité seigneuriale suggèrent une alternative décentralisée et dynamique aux modèles top down du développement politique du royaume français à la fin du Moyen Age.
Fashion on the Brain
Authors: Hamerton Katharine J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores Nicolas Malebranche's approach to fashion: an inescapable postlapsarian consequence of God's sociable design of the human mind and body as manifested in the imagination. A problematic side effect of the general laws established by God governing the soul-body relationship, fashion wreaked havoc on individuals' thinking and potential for redemption yet pointed to a larger providential plan for social benefit. These ideas led Malebranche to a distinctive nonpolitical approach to fashion—both “Enlightenment project” and theodicy—in which he sought to promote, toward human liberation and salvation, an enlightened understanding of the processes that created fashion and a charitable approach to managing it. Ultimately, however, his brain-based analysis ended up limiting individual freedoms (imaginative, cognitive, and behavioral), notably for those endowed with certain kinds of minds, in ways that had long-lasting effect. It also helped lay foundations for the Enlightenment's conflicted views about fashion as individual folly and beneficial social phenomenon.Cet article montre que, pour Nicolas Malebranche, la mode constitua une conséquence inévitable de la Chute et du dessin sociable et providentiel de l'esprit et du corps, manifesté dans l'imagination. Effet secondaire et problématique des lois générales établies par Dieu pour gouverner les relations entre l'esprit et le corps, la mode entrave la réflexion et l'accès au salut tout en dessinant un plan providentiel, au bénéfice de tous. A la fois projet des Lumières et théodicée, cette approche apolitique s'efforce, dans une visée mêlant libération, salut et charité, de saisir les processus qui créent la mode afin de s'en accommoder. Parce qu'elle met l'accent sur le cerveau, cette approche tend pourtant à restreindre, de manière durable, les libertés individuelles (imagination, cognition, comportement), surtout pour certains types d'esprit. Et elle montre comment, pour les Lumières, la mode peut être à la fois une folie individuelle et un phénomène à multiples vertus sociales.
Encyclopédistes, Magistrates, and the Corporate General Will
Authors: Harris Jeffrey Ryan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article argues that a variety of versions of the “general will” were central to late Old Regime political culture and that these included not only Jean-Jacques Rousseau's most famous anticorporatist variant but also corporate ones originating with Denis Diderot and with the Parlements (via the Jansenists). These rival variants of general will discourse all contributed to an emerging protodemocratic political culture in the last decades of the Old Regime, and they furthermore framed the debate over the forms and procedures of the Estates-General in 1789. Because French political culture in 1789 depended on a plural, contested general will discourse, François Furet's and Keith Michael Baker's arguments locating the Terror's origins in a hegemonic Rousseauist general will discourse in 1789 are incorrect. The article also thereby indicates that Timothy Tackett's argument denying evidence for Rousseau's direct influence on the deputies in 1789 cannot suffice to disprove the influence of a “discourse of will” in the National Constituent Assembly.Cet article soutient que plusieurs variantes de la « volonté générale » jouaient un rôle central dans la culture politique française à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, y compris non seulement la plus célèbre variante anticorporatiste de Rousseau mais aussi des variantes corporatives issues de Diderot et des Parlements (grâce aux Jansénistes). Ces variantes rivales dans le discours de la volonté générale contribuaient toutes à une culture politique proto-démocratique émergente dans les dernières décennies de l'Ancien Régime, et en outre elles ont délimité le débat sur les formes et procédures des Etats Généraux en 1789. Puisque la culture politique française en 1789 dépendait d'un discours pluriel et contesté de la volonté générale, les arguments de Furet et de Baker qui situent les origines de la Terreur dans un discours hégémonique rousseauiste de la volonté générale sont incorrects. Cet article indique aussi que l'argument de Tackett qui nie l’évidence d'une influence directe de Rousseau sur les députés en 1789 ne peut pas suffire pour réfuter l'influence d'un « discours de volonté » dans la Constituante.
Domestic Affairs
Authors: Ghosh Sahana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do protests and security regimes engage each other on the question of difference? This question frames this essay's ethnographic portrayal of the expression of dissent and political claims in a borderland site of national security and the Indian security state's management of such dissent to reinforce its legitimacy as a liberal democracy. Border residents in eastern India, predominantly Muslim or depressed caste, are minority citizens. By closely reading the terms through which they articulate their claims and humiliations and how they are rendered suspect, subordinated, and othered from fulsome democratic rights and citizenship, this essay offers a portrait of the slow violence of affective rule in a place of “no conflict.” Turning away from spectacular instances of militarism and state violence, this essay illuminates the affective force of militarization whose goal is to disable critique and segment minority citizens into subordinated inclusion. It asks how collective political action might be heard and endure in such constrained conditions. This specific locus is instructive for the logic of contradistinction as a mode of security rule more widely. It demonstrates that the intersection of gender and religious identity is not a “dimension” of contemporary national security regimes but must be seen as foundational to their constitution and legitimacy.
Finding the right thermal limit: a framework to reconcile ecological, physiological and methodological aspects of CTmax in ectotherms
Authors: Ørsted Michael , Jørgensen Lisa Bjerregaard , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTUpper thermal limits (CTmax) are frequently used to parameterize the fundamental niche of ectothermic animals and to infer biogeographical distribution limits under current and future climate scenarios. However, there is considerable debate associated with the methodological, ecological and physiological definitions of CTmax. The recent (re)introduction of the thermal death time (TDT) model has reconciled some of these issues and now offers a solid mathematical foundation to model CTmax by considering both intensity and duration of thermal stress. Nevertheless, the physiological origin and boundaries of this temperature–duration model remain unexplored. Supported by empirical data, we here outline a reconciling framework that integrates the TDT model, which operates at stressful temperatures, with the classic thermal performance curve (TPC) that typically describes biological functions at permissive temperatures. Further, we discuss how the TDT model is founded on a balance between disruptive and regenerative biological processes that ultimately defines a critical boundary temperature (Tc) separating the TDT and TPC models. Collectively, this framework allows inclusion of both repair and accumulation of heat stress, and therefore also offers a consistent conceptual approach to understand the impact of high temperature under fluctuating thermal conditions. Further, this reconciling framework allows improved experimental designs to understand the physiological underpinnings and ecological consequences of ectotherm heat tolerance.
Boosting Visible Light-induced Photocyclization Quantum Yield of a Diarylethene-perylenebisimide Dyad by Introducing a Ketone Spacer Group
Authors: Ikariko Issei , Kim Sunnam , Hiroyasu Yae , Higashiguchi Kenji , Matsuda Kenji , Yokojima Satoshi , Kurihara Seiji , Fukaminato Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, we found a unique visible light-induced photocyclization reaction in a diarylethene-perylenebisimide dyad based on multiplicity conversion via intramolecular energy transfer. Here we report on the remarkable enhancement of photocyclization quantum yield under visible light irradiation by changing the spacer unit from an ester to a ketone group. This simple modification lifts the restrictions of solvent choice and oxygen quenching.
Long-term health after Severe Acute Malnutrition in children and adults- the role of the Pancreas (SAMPA): Protocol
Authors: Ahmed Sana , PrayGod George , R. Lee Nanette , Kelly Paul , Trilok-Kumar Geeta , Chisenga Molly , Kweka Belinda , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , AM Shaw James , M. Paglinawan-Modoc Dixi , Solon Juan , Frahm Olsen Mette , Stefanovski Darko , Cox Sharon , Nitsch Dorothea , Keogh Ruth , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: October 2022

Background: Prenatal growth retardation may increase the risk of later chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes; however, long-term effects of wasting malnutrition in childhood or adulthood are less studied. Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions, both critical for nutrition and NCD aetiology, may not fully recover following malnutrition. However, the evidence and mechanistic information is piecemeal. We hypothesise that wasting malnutrition at any age has long-term detrimental effects on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic structure and function. Methods: The SAMPA international research programme will assess pancreatic structure and function in 3700 participants from ongoing observational nutrition cohorts, two adolescent and four adult, in Zambia, Tanzania, Philippines, and India. Pancreas size, structure, and calcification will be assessed by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan; exocrine function by faecal elastase and serum lipase; and endocrine function by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In-depth hormonal analyses of incretins, glucagon, proinsulin and trypsinogen during OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance tests will be done in subsets of adult participants. Pancreatic size and function outcomes will be compared between people with and without prior wasting malnutrition. Analyses will investigate effect modification by sex, current age, time since malnutrition, current body mass index and dietary patterns. Mathematical modelling of OGTT data will be used to estimate the relative contribution to glucose dysregulation of decreased insulin production, changes in insulin clearance and increased insulin resistance. Proinsulin/insulin ratio will be analysed in archived samples from the Tanzanian cohort using a nested case-control design to investigate whether abnormal values precede diabetes. Conclusions: SAMPA, a large-scale multi-centre research programme using data from people with or without prior wasting malnutrition to assess several aspects of pancreatic phenotype, will provide coherent evidence for future policies and programmes for malnutrition and diabetes.
Case Report: Case report: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in combination with bronchoscopy in the treatment of respiratory failure of lung cancer patient.
Authors: Guziejko Katarzyna , Minarowski Łukasz , Mróz Robert 
Published: October 2022

Background: Respiratory failure (RF) is a common medical problem among cancer patients. Particularly active or ex-smokers diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung cancer may develop severe hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Moreover, pneumonitis as a complication of the currently widely used immunotherapy of various cancers, may cause respiratory disorders requiring ventilation support. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended as the first-line treatment for this type of respiratory failure and reduces the need for endotracheal intubation. Case presentation: We present a case report of lung cancer patient, who received NIV in the treatment of RF due to an infectious exacerbation of COPD. In addition, NIV enabled assisted flexible bronchoscopy (NIV-FB) to be performed. During the procedure tumor samples were collected for further molecular diagnosis of lung cancer. Improvement of the patient general condition and quality of life was also achieved. Conclusions: NIV can be used at any stage of oncological management in patients with lung cancer. It can also be implemented during endoscopic procedures of the respiratory system, as well as support in palliative care of patients with lung cancer at the end of life. Further studies should evaluate the use of NIV in conjunction with various oncological treatments and identify the exact contradictions for BF with NIV support in advanced cancer patients with RF.
Population disruption: observational study of changes in the population distribution of the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Waterlow Naomi R. , Cheshire James , Danon Leon , Liu Yang , Grundy Chris , Kucharski Adam J. ,   LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Eggo Rosalind M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Mobility data have demonstrated major changes in human movement patterns in response to COVID-19 and associated interventions in many countries. This involves sub-national redistribution, short-term relocations, and international migration. Aggregated mobile phone location data combined with small-area census population data allow changes in the population distribution of the UK to be quantified with high spatial and temporal granularity. Methods: In this paper, we combine detailed data from Facebook, measuring the location of approximately 6 million daily active Facebook users in 5km2 tiles in the UK with census-derived population estimates to measure population mobility and redistribution. We provide time-varying population estimates and assess spatial population changes with respect to population density and four key reference dates in 2020 (first UK lockdown, end of term, beginning of term, Christmas). Results: We show how population estimates derived from Facebook data vary compared to mid-2020 small area population estimates by UK national statistics agencies. We also estimate that between March 2020 and March 2021, the total population of the UK declined and we identify important spatial variations in this population change, showing that low-density areas have experienced lower population decreases than urban areas. We estimate that, for the top 10% highest population tiles, the population has decreased by 6.6%. Finally, we provide evidence that geographic redistributions of population within the UK coincide with dates of non-pharmaceutical interventions including lockdowns and movement restrictions, as well as seasonal patterns of migration around holiday dates. Conclusions: The methods used in this study reveal significant changes in population distribution at high spatial and temporal resolutions that have not previously been quantified by available demographic surveys in the UK. We found early indicators of potential longer-term changes in the population distribution of the UK although it is not clear if these changes will persist after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Who Pays the Cancer Tax? Patients’ Narratives in a Movement to Reduce Their Invisible Work
Authors: Valentine Melissa A. , Asch Steven M. , Ahn Esther 
Published: October 2022

Many studies examine the division of labor inside organizations. Yet there is also an expected division of labor between organizations and their clients, which research to date has tended to ignore or has treated as static and easily accepted by both parties. How might clients change the expected division of labor with a service organization? We developed this question while studying an academic cancer center (ACC), where patient activists led a movement to bring to light the burdensome invisible work they and their families did to coordinate their treatment. They shared their own stories, developed formal channels for collecting more stories, and worked to broadcast the growing set of stories across ACC. Their stories became a resource for change and mobilized a coalition of staff allies. Coalition members drew on the patient stories to develop a new diagnostic framing of the “Cancer Tax”—the burdensome coordination work ACC required of patients. They also developed a prognostic frame for how ACC could help, which inspired a new program that took on some of the patients’ coordination tasks. In this way, the patients’ stories created new awareness of the problem and provided resources for staff allies to make the case for taking on some of the patients’ invisible work. This study shows that clients can effectively influence organizational change through movements fueled by personal narratives (for instance, lessening the coordination work they must do to coproduce complex services). Funding: This work was supported by Co-Investigators on the Cancer Center Transformational Initiative, funded by Stanford Health Care for $500,000 per year, 2012–2019. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1627 .
Active focal-plane coronagraphy with liquid-crystal spatial-light modulators: broadband contrast performance in the visible
Authors: Kühn Jonas G. , Patapis Polychronis 
Published: October 2022

The technological progress in spatial-light modulator (SLM) technology has made it possible to use those devices as programmable active focal-plane phase coronagraphic masks, opening the door to novel versatile and adaptive high-contrast imaging observation strategies. However, the scalar nature of the SLM-induced phase response is a potential hurdle when applying the approach to wideband light, as is typical in astronomical imaging. For the first time, to our knowledge, we present laboratory results with broadband light (up to

∼

12

%

bandwidth) for two commercially available SLM devices used as active focal-plane phase masks in the visible regime (640 nm). It is shown that under ideal or realistic telescope aperture conditions, the contrast performance is negligibly affected in this bandwidth regime, reaching a sufficient level for ground-based high-contrast imaging, which is typically dominated by atmospheric residuals.
Rotary bi-layer ring-shaped metamaterials for reconfiguration absorbers
Authors: Van Long Le , Tung Nguyen Hoang , Giang Trinh Thi , Son Pham Thanh , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Tung Bui Son , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Lam Vu Dinh 
Published: October 2022

A reconfigurable metamaterial absorber (MA) in the microwave region is
numerically and experimentally demonstrated based on a multi-layered
metamaterial. The proposed structure can be mechanically switched
between two different configurations to obtain designated absorption
behaviors. By rotating the upper ring layer by multiples of 90 deg,
two separated absorption modes of the MA are created. The first
configuration acts as a single-band absorber, while the second
configuration performs multi-band perfect absorption. In addition, the
proposed structure can be easily switched into two different
configurations to obtain a designated absorption feature. Our work is
expected to provide an effective approach to obtaining reconfigurable
MAs, which are useful for various applications.
Influence of FeCo layer thickness on the interfacial asymmetry of FeCo/Si multilayers fabricated by direct current magnetron sputtering
Authors: He Jialian , Zhang Zhong , Liu Yang , Huang Qiushi , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: October 2022

FeCo/Si is a promising material combination for polarized neutron
supermirrors because of its appropriate optical constants. Five
FeCo/Si multilayers with monotonically increasing FeCo layer
thicknesses were fabricated. Grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry and
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to
characterize the interdiffusion and asymmetry of the interfaces.
Selected area electron diffraction was used to determine the
crystalline states of FeCo layers. It was found that the asymmetric
interface diffusion layers existed in FeCo/Si multilayers.
Furthermore, the FeCo layer started the transition from amorphous to
crystalline when the thickness of the FeCo layer reached
4.0 nm.