bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐surface synthesis and atomic scale characterization of unprotected indenofluorene polymers
Authors: Di Giovannantonio Marco , Fasel Roman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycyclic hydrocarbons with nonzero radical character have attracted enormous interest as potential active media for organic electronics and spintronics. In this context, indenofluorenes are an intriguing class of formally antiaromatic, biradical materials with a radical character that depends on the connectivity of their six‐ and five‐membered rings. Synthesis of indenofluorene polymers and related compounds, first achieved in the early ‘90s with the production of ladder‐type chains, represents a major step toward incorporation of these systems into devices. However, solution‐based synthetic protocols require bulky protecting groups to stabilize the most reactive sites and, at the same time, to improve solubility and processability of such compounds. The preparation of various pristine – that is, unprotected—indenofluorene polymers has recently become possible via the on‐surface synthesis approach, where the resulting nanostructures are supported and efficiently stabilized by the underlying substrate in ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here, an overview of these recent works is given, with a focus on synthetic challenges, structural details and electronic properties.
A simple noninvasive biomarker can reflect both the acute and chronic pulmonary impact of patent ductus arteriosus shunting
Authors: Bin‐Nun Alona , Shchors Irina , Abu‐Omar Rawan , Kasirer Yair , Mimouni Francis , Hammerman Cathy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe SFR (SpO2/FiO2 ratio) offers a continuous, noninvasive reflection of pulmonary function regardless of whether the baby is ventilated or breathing spontaneously. We hypothesized that significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunting would impair pulmonary oxygen diffusion, reflected by decreased SFR; and that early PDA related decreases in SFR predict subsequent chronic lung disease (CLD).MethodsWe retrospectively examined records from preterm neonates ≤30 weeks gestational age. Ductal shunting was graded for severity by first week echocardiogram. SFR was calculated as SpO2/FiO2 and recorded on Day 7 of life and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).ResultsWe studied 104 infants: 65 with closed duct, 17 with hemodynamically insignificant PDA, and 22 with hemodynamically significant (hsPDAs). CLD developed in 9 (14%) of those with closed ducts; 6 (35%) of those with hisPDA; and in 12 (55%) of those with hsPDA (p = 0.005). SFR values at 1 week postnatally were decreased in those with hsPDA and with hisPDA as compared with those with closed ducts (closed ducts 452 [448−457] vs. hisPDA 396 [294−442] vs. hsPDA 327 [235−369]; p = 0.00001). However, at 36 weeks only SFRs of babies with hsPDA remained significantly lower (467 [461−467] vs. 467 [413−471] vs. 369 [262−436] for closed vs. hisPDA vs. hsPDA respectively; p = 0.000148). Using ROC curve analysis, Week 1 SFR was strongly associated with hsPDA (area under curve [AUC] = 0.770; p < 0.0001) and highly predictive (AUC = 0.801; p < 0.0001) of CLD at 36 weeks PMA.ConclusionEarly decreases in SFR reflect both the acute and chronic pulmonary impact of PDA shunting, possibly providing the missing link supporting an association between hemodynamically significant PDA and subsequent CLD.
Knowledge brokering to bridge the research‐practice gap in education: Where are we now?
Authors: Rycroft‐Smith Lucy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConnecting research to practice by knowledge brokering in education, which is considered here as functionally synonymous with knowledge mobilisation, is currently under‐researched, difficult to define, and not well understood. This narrative synthesis review curates recent research concerning characterisations of knowledge brokering in education, considering the models and metaphors that have been used to describe and prescribe its activities, and then goes on to consider the limited evidence on effective knowledge brokering and what this suggests about possibilities for its evaluation in education contexts, which is considered necessary and urgent. Interpersonal relationships and social contexts are considered key to educational knowledge brokering, which has also been described as transforming knowledge, often by mediation, boundary‐spanning, and/or bridging. It is suggested that those doing the work of knowledge brokering (knowledge brokers) should have a deep understanding of the context and terrain of both research and practice (and perhaps policy) in education. A need is proposed for theoretical and empirical work to define the purposes and pitfalls of educational knowledge brokering in practice, related to issues of trust and credibility, and to enable evaluation and accountability to take place.
Coaching early childhood teachers: A systematic review of its effects on teacher instruction and child development
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Huang Runke , Su Yufen , Zhu Jie , Hsieh Wu‐Ying , Li Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoaching is proven to be an effective strategy of professional development; however, rare research has documented the nuances of coaching effects and the enablers in early childhood education. This study presents a systematic review of 33 randomised controlled trials or (quasi‐)experiments to investigate the effects of coaching as a professional development tool on early childhood teachers' instruction and young children's developmental outcomes. The synthesis of evidence revealed positive effects of coaching on teachers' knowledge gains and instructional competencies and a range of children's developmental outcomes (language and literacy, social‐emotional development, and academic skills). We analysed the ‘who’, ‘what’ and ‘how’ components of coaching to explain the enabling factors surrounding the effects of coaching. Empirical evidence synthesised in this review supports the theoretical notions of situated learning derived from anthropological studies of apprenticeship, suggesting that coaching should be situated in the real teaching context for promoting its effects. This systematic review is the first to apply situated learning theory in discussing how coaching works and reveals a robust positive effect of coaching on teachers' knowledge gains and instructional abilities, and children's developmental outcomes. Guidelines that could help understand the application of coaching are provided to inform the scaling up of coaching‐focused professional development programmes in early childhood settings. Implications of this research synthesis are also discussed for future research.
Land cover classification of treeline ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal transect using spectral‐ and three‐dimensional information from UAV‐based aerial imagery
Authors: Mienna Ida Marielle , Klanderud Kari , Ørka Hans Ole , Bryn Anders , Bollandsås Ole Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe alpine treeline ecotone is expected to move upwards in elevation with global warming. Thus, mapping treeline ecotones is crucial in monitoring potential changes. Previous remote sensing studies have focused on the usage of satellites and aircrafts for mapping the treeline ecotone. However, treeline ecotones can be highly heterogenous, and thus the use of imagery with higher spatial resolution should be investigated. We evaluate the potential of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the collection of ultra‐high spatial resolution imagery for mapping treeline ecotone land covers. We acquired imagery and field reference data from 32 treeline ecotone sites along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway (60–69°N). Before classification, we performed a superpixel segmentation of the UAV‐derived orthomosaics and assigned land cover classes to segments: rock, water, snow, shadow, wetland, tree‐covered area and five classes within the ridge‐snowbed gradient. We calculated features providing spectral, textural, three‐dimensional vegetation structure, topographical and shape information for the classification. To evaluate the influence of acquisition time during the growing season and geographical variations, we performed four sets of classifications: global, seasonal‐based, geographical regional‐based and seasonal‐regional‐based. We found no differences in overall accuracy (OA) between the different classifications, and the global model with observations irrespective of data acquisition timing and geographical region had an OA of 73%. When accounting for similarities between closely related classes along the ridge‐snowbed gradient, the accuracy increased to 92.6%. We found spectral features related to visible, red‐edge and near‐infrared bands to be the most important to predict treeline ecotone land cover classes. Our results show that the use of UAVs is efficient in mapping treeline ecotones, and that data can be acquired irrespective of timing within a growing season and geographical region to get accurate land cover maps. This can overcome constraints of a short field‐season or low‐resolution remote sensing data.
Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Sulfonyl‐Activated sp3 C−N Bond Cleavage for the C3‐Alkylation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins
Authors: Zhao Jinyu , Jia Lina , Yuan Changping , Li Linlin , Hu Minggang , Han Fuzhong , Hu Xiangping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA molecular iodine‐catalyzed system for the coupling reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with N‐benzylic sulfonamides via sp3 C−N bond cleavage has been established. This procedure provides a series of C3‐alkylated 4‐hydroxycoumarins containing structurally diverse functional groups in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the practicability of this method could be manifested efficiently in a gram‐scale synthesis of drug coumatetralyl and access to a bioactive agent pyranocoumarin from obtained product.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photo‐catalyst Ag2S/WO3 and its Application for Crystal Violet Degradation in the Aqueous Medium
Authors: Abdoli Marzieh , Manesh Afshin Taghva , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Aghaie Mehran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, Ag2S/WO3 Nano‐composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and identified by techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunaure, Emmett and Teller (BET), Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet‐Visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) and Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS). This Nano‐composite represents good efficiency to degrade the color of crystals violet (CV) in the aqueous medium owing to subsequent activation under visible light. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine dependency of degradation to variables viz time, pH, amount of photo‐catalyst, and CV concentration. The modeling results show the applicability of the quadratic model to predict and estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables, while judgment were examined according to Correlation coefficients. The highest percentage of CV degradation was achieved under optimal conditions set as 45 minutes irradiation of 6 mg.L−1 of VC at pH of 7 using 1.25 g of Ag2S/Wo3 which lead to decompositions of around 98 % which has good agreement with the laboratory results (97.65 %). The regeneration of Ag2S/WO3 nano‐composite reveals decreases in its applicability to conduct similar experiments and close results till 4 replicates. Also, the kinetic of analysis of the CV decomposition follows the quasi‐first‐order model.
Self‐Healing Clay/Epoxy Composites Prepared from Clay‐Modified Microcapsules
Authors: Khostavan Sepide , Fazli Mostafa , Ahangari Morteza Ghorbanzadeh , Omrani Abdollah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrea‐formaldehyde microcapsules were made in the presence of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles by in‐situ polymerization and characterized with different methods. To monitor the presence of MMT and Dicyclopentadiene in microcapsules. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra was taken from samples. Distribution of microcapsule‘s diameters was studied by optical microscopy (OM) micrographs. Size distribution analysis showed that the average diameter of the microcapsules decreased from 130 (in the neat microcapsules) to 85 μm in MMT modified microcapsules. Surface and shell wall of microcapsules have an important role in their capability. Therefore, surface roughness and shell barrier properties were investigated by AFM micrographs and Thermogravimetry analysis. Results of both the methods showed improved features in MMT modified microcapsules. The synthesized microcapsules were used in MMT/epoxy nanocomposite as the healing agent and a coated glass monitored under optical microscope before and after crack demonstrating a good healing observed after 2 hours.
PFOA‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of Indolylmethanols with 2‐Alkylazaarenes**
Authors: Zhong Yi , Hong Gang , Tang Zhicong , Yang Peng , Wang Qi , Gong Yu , Wang Limin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe selective alkylation of 2‐indolylmethanols with 2‐methyl‐N‐heteroaromatics in the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid is herein demonstrated. This protocol features high regioselectivity, easy availability of raw materials and well tolerance of functional groups. This approach allows the formation of a range of hindered quaternary centers. More importantly, the present method offers efficient ways to introduce biologically important indole and quinoline skeleton into highly complex molecular.
Suffering, psychological distress, and well‐being in Indonesia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ho Samuel , Cook Kaye V. , Chen Zhuo Job , Kurniati Ni Made Taganing , Suwartono Christiany , Widyarini Nilam , Wong Paul T. P. , Cowden Richard G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on the subjective experience of suffering has typically focussed on older clinical samples living in Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries. To further extend the existing body of empirical research on suffering to less WEIRD contexts, we use three waves of data (Wave 1: December 2020; Wave 2: January 2021; Wave 3: February 2021) from a sample of nonclinical Indonesian adults (n = 594) to examine associations between suffering, two indices of psychological distress, and 10 facets of well‐being. In our primary analysis, we estimated a series of multiple regression models that adjusted for a range of sociodemographic characteristics, financial and material stability, religious/spiritual factors, prior values of overall suffering, and prior values of each outcome assessed in Wave 1. Results indicated that overall suffering assessed in Wave 2 was associated with an increase in both indices of psychological distress and a decrease in eight facets of well‐being assessed in Wave 3. Using a similar analytic approach, results from a secondary analysis indicated that higher scores on both indices of psychological distress and lower scores on seven of the well‐being facets assessed in Wave 2 were associated with worse subsequent overall suffering assessed in Wave 3. These findings contribute to empirical literature on the implications of suffering for well‐being.
What are they bringing with them? Understanding past science experiences of preservice elementary teachers and what they mean for the science methods course
Authors: Hulings Melissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study sought to better understand how past science learning experiences affected preservice elementary teachers, both in terms of their own self‐efficacy and their perceptions of science teaching and learning at the beginning of their science methods course. Following an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, this study first involved the collection of quantitative data and then the collection of more in‐depth qualitative data. In the first phase, the quantitative data included the Draw‐a‐Science‐Teacher‐Test Checklist (DASTT‐C) and the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI‐B) of preservice elementary teachers. In the second phase of this study, selected science autobiographies written by these same preservice elementary teachers, were explored based on extremely high or low scores on one of the STEBI‐B subscales and the DASTT‐C. Based on the findings, these preservice elementary teachers used their past experiences with science as a foundation for how they perceived science and its instruction in the elementary classroom. Overall, these preservice elementary teachers have a desire to make science in the elementary grades a positive experience for their future students.
Analyticity and unitarity for cosmological correlators
Authors: Di Pietro Lorenzo , Gorbenko Victor , Komatsu Shota 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the fundamentals of quantum field theory on a rigid de Sitter space. We show that the perturbative expansion of late-time correlation functions to all orders can be equivalently generated by a non-unitary Lagrangian on a Euclidean AdS geometry. This finding simplifies dramatically perturbative computations, as well as allows us to establish basic properties of these correlators, which comprise a Euclidean CFT. We use this to infer the analytic structure of the spectral density that captures the conformal partial wave expansion of a late-time four-point function, to derive an OPE expansion, and to constrain the operator spectrum. Generically, dimensions and OPE coefficients do not obey the usual CFT notion of unitarity. Instead, unitarity of the de Sitter theory manifests itself as the positivity of the spectral density. This statement does not rely on the use of Euclidean AdS Lagrangians and holds non-perturbatively. We illustrate and check these properties by explicit calculations in a scalar theory by computing first tree-level, and then full one- loop-resummed exchange diagrams. An exchanged particle appears as a resonant feature in the spectral density which can be potentially useful in experimental searches.
Bott–Chern Laplacian on almost Hermitian manifolds
Authors: Piovani Riccardo , Tomassini Adriano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet$$(M,J,g,\omega )$$(M,J,g,ω)be a 2n-dimensional almost Hermitian manifold. We extend the definition of the Bott–Chern Laplacian on$$(M,J,g,\omega )$$(M,J,g,ω), proving that it is still elliptic. On a compact Kähler manifold, the kernels of the Dolbeault Laplacian and of the Bott–Chern Laplacian coincide. We show that such a property does not hold when$$(M,J,g,\omega )$$(M,J,g,ω)is a compact almost Kähler manifold, providing an explicit almost Kähler structure on the Kodaira–Thurston manifold. Furthermore, if$$(M,J,g,\omega )$$(M,J,g,ω)is a connected compact almost Hermitian 4-manifold, denoting by$$h^{1,1}_{BC}$$hBC1,1the dimension of the space of Bott–Chern harmonic (1, 1)-forms, we prove that either$$h^{1,1}_{BC}=b^-$$hBC1,1=b-or$$h^{1,1}_{BC}=b^-+1$$hBC1,1=b-+1. In particular, ifgis almost Kähler, then$$h^{1,1}_{BC}=b^-+1$$hBC1,1=b-+1, extending the result by Holt and Zhang (Harmonic forms on the Kodaira–Thurston manifold.arXiv:2001.10962, 2020) for the kernel of Dolbeault Laplacian. We also show that the dimensions of the spaces of Bott–Chern and Dolbeault harmonic (1, 1)-forms behave differently on almost complex 4-manifolds endowed with strictly locally conformally almost Kähler metrics. Finally, we relate some spaces of Bott-Chern harmonic forms to the Bott–Chern cohomology groups for almost complex manifolds, recently introduced in Coelho et al. (Maximally non-integrable almost complex structures: an h-principle and cohomological properties,arXiv:2105.12113, 2021).
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) in predicting systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL)
Authors: Kriplani Akshay , Pandit Shruti , Chawla Arun , de la Rosette Jean J. M. C. H. , Laguna Pilar , Jayadeva Reddy Suraj , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this prospective observational study was to assess the clinical significance of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) as potential biomarkers to identify post-PNL SIRS or sepsis. Demographic data and laboratory data including hemoglobin (Hb), total leucocyte count (TLC), serum creatinine, urine microscopy and culture were collected. The NLR, LMR and PLR were calculated by the mathematical division of their absolute values derived from routine complete blood counts from peripheral blood samples. Stone factors were assessed by non-contrast computerized tomography of kidneys, ureter and bladder (NCCT KUB) and included stone burden (Volume = L × W × D × π × 0.167), location and Hounsfield value and laterality. Intraoperative factors assessed were puncture site, tract size, tract number, operative time, the need for blood transfusion and stone clearance. Of 517 patients evaluated, 56 (10.8%) developed SIRS and 8 (1.5%) developed sepsis. Patients developing SIRS had significantly higher TLC (10.4 ± 3.5 vs 8.6 ± 2.6, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.3,p = 0.000002), higher NLR (3.6 ± 2.4 vs 2.5 ± 1.04, OR 1.3, 95% CI = 1.09–1.5,p = 0.0000001), higher PLR (129.3 ± 53.8 vs 115.4 ± 68.9, OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001–1.008,p = 0.005) and lower LMR (2.5 ± 1.7 vs 3.2 ± 1.8, OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34,p = 0.006). Staghorn stones (12.8 vs 3.24%, OR 4.361, 95% CI 1.605–11.846,p = 0.008) and long operative times (59.6 ± 14.01 vs 55.2 ± 16.02, OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.03,p = 0.05) had significant association with postoperative SIRS. In conclusion, NLR, PLR and LMR can be useful independent, easily accessible and cost-effective predictors for early identification of post-PNL SIRS/sepsis.
Matched-pair analysis of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hartrampf Philipp E. , Weinzierl Franz-Xaver , Buck Andreas K. , Rowe Steven P. , Higuchi Takahiro , Seitz Anna Katharina , Kübler Hubert , Schirbel Andreas , Essler Markus , Bundschuh Ralph A. , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Labelled with lutetium-177, the urea-based small molecules PSMA I&T and PSMA-617 are the two agents most frequently used for radioligand therapy (RLT) in patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressing prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this matched-pair analysis, we aimed to compare the toxicity and efficacy of both agents for PSMA-directed RLT.

Materials and methods
A total of 110 mCRPC patients from two centres were accrued, 55 individuals treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T, and a matched cohort of 55 patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Matching criteria included age at the first cycle, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, and previous taxane-based chemotherapy. Using common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE v. 5.0), toxicity profiles were investigated (including bone marrow and renal toxicity). Overall survival (OS) between both groups was compared.

Results
Toxicity assessment revealed grade III anaemia in a single patient (1.8%) for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T and five (9.1%) for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. In addition, one (1.9%) grade III thrombopenia for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was recorded. Apart from that, no other grade III/IV toxicities were present. A median OS of 12 months for patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T did not differ significantly when compared to patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (median OS, 13 months; P = 0.89).

Conclusion
In this matched-pair analysis of patients receiving one of the two agents most frequently applied for PSMA RLT, the rate of clinically relevant toxicities was low for both compounds. In addition, no relevant differences for OS were observed.