bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating coronavirus disease 2019 at home
Authors: Elbagalaty Mohamed F. , Shawkat Salma A.G. , Mohamed Mohamed A.M. 
Published: November 2022

Context
Our study follows 34 patients during their home treatment after being diagnosed with moderate-severe coronavirus disease (COVID). The home treatment was chosen by the patients and their caregivers after being informed of the risks.

Aim
To evaluate the outcome of home treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID who opted for home treatment instead of hospital admission.

Patients and methods
The retrospective study was conducted among patients diagnosed with SARS COV-2 with moderate to severe COVID who presented to our health care facility. We followed the patients from the initial diagnosis till the time of complete recovery.

Results
Overall, 87.5% of our moderate to severe COVID-infected patients were able to return to a full bill of health without the need for hospitalization. Age, BMI, or the presence of any comorbidity did not have a significant effect on the time till recovery or need for hospitalization in our sample. Majority of moderate to severe patients were not shown to need any hospitalization.

Conclusion
This sheds light on the fact that most moderate to severe COVID-infected patients may not require hospitalization and can be effectively managed at home under the supervision of a physician.
Bacterial biogram in COVID-19 patients in Menoufia University isolation hospitals
Authors: Abdelaal Gehan A. , EL-Masry Eman A. , Eldahdouh Sami S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
The evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with respiratory secondary bacterial infection, and the causative pathogens, is crucial for the treatment plan of those patients and to ensure the effective needed treatment with antibiotics and to decrease its abuse.

Aim
To clarify the incidence of bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 and sensitivity to antibiotics.

Patients and methods
Samples of sputum were collected from 120 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by clinical, laboratory, radiological signs of pneumonia, or PCR, the severity of COVID-19 was classified as moderate and severe. The moderate type included patients with pneumonia without hypoxemia. The severe type was characterized by (a) dyspnea (respiratory rate ≥30/min), (b) blood oxygen saturation less than or equal to 93%, and (c) PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than 300 or lung infiltrates more than 50%. If one of the above items was met, it was classified as severe. Then, all cases were sent for screening of the presence of secondary bacterial infections by quantitative sputum bacterial culture and sensitivity. Positive cases of bacterial infection were classified into patients with early bacterial infection less than 15 days from COVID-19 infection and patients with late bacterial infections after more than 15 days of COVID-19 infection.

Results
In total, 40 (33.3%) cases out of 120 cases of COVID-19 showed bacterial growth, while 80 (66.7%) cases were negative for bacterial secondary infection. The most common organisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae 12 cases, streptococci 10 cases, MERSA eight cases, Escherichia coli five cases and mixed infection by E. coli, Klebsiella, and Candida in five cases, Staphylococcus aureus was the same rate in early and late infections, all streptococci were early infection, and more cases of K. pneumoniae were late infection nine cases out of 13, where E. coli was early infection four cases out of five. All mixed infections were late.

Conclusion
Hidden secondary bacterial infection should be screened in COVID-19 patients. Early bacterial infections and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia are mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria, but late bacterial infections and severe COVID-19 pneumonia are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
Relationship between incidence and mortality of asthma with PM2.5, ozone, and household air pollution from 1990 to 2106 in the world
Authors: Ahmadi Farzane , Fallah Zahra , Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Allahmoradi Meisam , Salahshoor Pegah , Ahmadi Sheler , Mansori Kamyar 
Published: November 2022

Background
Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by an overreaction of the airways to a wide range of stimuli.

Objective
To determine the relationship between the incidence and mortality rate of asthma and the levels of PM2.5, ozone, and household air pollution (HAP) from 1990 to 2016 in the world.

Materials and methods
This ecological study was conducted across 194 countries. The asthma incidence and mortality rates were extracted from IHME Global Burden of Disease databases. Data on average annual population-weighted HAP, PM2.5, and ozone were obtained from the State of Global Air website. A model-based clustering with a finite mixture of matrix-variate normal distributions was used to identify countries with a similar pattern of three air pollution index values. The number of clusters was determined by the Bayesian information criterion, and R software was used for integrated completed likelihood criterion. The random-effects model was applied to evaluate the relationship between asthma incidence in groups and different years by using the SAS software.

Results
The countries were classified into five clusters in terms of the mean of PM2.5, ozone, and HAP. The incidence rates had a decreasing trend during 1990–2005 and an increasing trend during 2011–2016 in the clusters. The lowest incidence and mortality rates were observed for countries of cluster 3. The highest incidence and mortality rates were observed for countries in clusters 1 and 2, respectively. The incidence and mortality ratio trends experienced an increase in cluster 1 and a decrease in other clusters.

Conclusions
Depending on the mortality and incidence trends of asthma in countries in each cluster, effective national and international intervention measures are recommended to deal with such pollutants.
Role of noncontrast magnetic resonance pulmonary imaging in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Mohammad Osama I. , Okab Ali A. , Sweed Enas M.M. , Mohammed Elsaid Salwa H. , Sadek Mohammed S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition and has a clinical dilemma in diagnosis. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is a gold standard in its diagnosis, but MRI has proven a good role in PE diagnosis.

Aim
The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of noncontrast magnetic resonance pulmonary angiography (MRPA) imaging in diagnosis of acute PE using CTPA as a gold standard.

Patients and methods
In total, 25 patients with PE confirmed by CTPA were included in this study. All patients underwent computed tomography angiography and noncontrast MRPA on the same day or within three consecutive days. The results were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results
The mean age of the study group was 46.4 ± 13.5 years. Females represent 60% (15/25) and males represent 40% (10/25). The per-vessel sensitivity of noncontrast MRPA reached to about 100% with specificity 100% at the level of the main trunk, right and left main pulmonary arteries down to segmental arteries. The sensitivity for right subsegmental branches was 25% and left subsegmental branches was 33.3%.

Conclusion
The noncontrast MRPA has a reasonable sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PE, especially in major branches. So, it can be used as an alternative to the computed tomography angiography, especially when the computed tomography angiography and the use of gadolinium are contraindicated.
Assessment of diaphragmatic mobility by chest ultrasound and basic echocardiography in patients with malignant pleural effusion undergoing pleurodesis
Authors: Saeed Adel M. , Gomaa Ashraf A. , Ezzelregal Hieba G. , Elbaz Eman M. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is prevalent, and in cases such as aging patients as well as increased long-term survival for metastatic cancers, the number of patients will continue to elevate in the near future.

Aim
To assess both the diaphragmatic mobility using chest ultrasound and basic echocardiography before and after pleurodesis in patients with MPE.

Patients and methods
This study included 35 patients with MPE; the diagnosis is based on positive pleural fluid cytology, thoracoscopic biopsy, and fitted for chemical pleurodesis by bleomycin. Baseline chest ultrasound was done to for assess the diaphragmatic mobility and basic echocardiography. Chemical pleurodesis was done through intrapleural injection of 1 IU/kg bleomycin as a sclerosing agent in 100 ml of normal saline.

Results
Regarding outcome, 17 (48.6%) patients succeeded (defined as absent lung sliding and no reaccumulation of pleural fluid in the lines examined) and 7 (20%) patients failed (known as reaccumulation of pleural fluid and (even with) no presence of lung sliding). There was a statistically substantial decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion (mobility) at 2 weeks and at 2 months after pleurodesis than before. A significant relation was detected between outcome of the studied patients with lung sliding before pleurodesis, whereas there was a substantial increase in pleurodesis success with no presence of lung sliding at 2 weeks and at 2 months after pleurodesis.

Conclusion
Ultrasound of the diaphragm is an uncomplicated, noninvasive method for estimating the contractile activity of diaphragm. The decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion at 2 weeks and at 2 months after pleurodesis compared with that before pleurodesis can be used as sign to predict pleurodesis success. There is no significant relation between echocardiography measurements and outcome except that normal left ventricle ejection fraction % has a significant relation with increased success outcome.
Prevalence and predictors of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Alkhayat Khaled Fawzy , Gadallah Doaa , Hasan Mohamed Hamed , Abdel-Gawad Abdelhady Ragab , Mohamed Eman Roshdy , Bakir Asmaa Ramadan 
Published: November 2022

Background
Several studies are ongoing to obtain more information about post-COVID-19 (corona virus disease-19) pulmonary fibrosis. Old-aged patients are more likely to evolve lung fibrosis in COVID-19. Another risk factor is the degree of disease severity, including comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, as well as lab findings, for example, lymphopenia and leukocytosis.

Aims of work
To assess the prevalence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and reveal some of its predictors.

Results
The study included 50 patients in the outpatient clinics of Chest and EL-Helal Hospitals with a mean age of 49.6 ± 17.7 years. It included 32 (64%) males and 18 (36%) females. Pulmonary fibrosis was detected in 34 (68%) patients. Pulmonary fibrosis was bilateral in 24 patients and unilateral in 10 patients. Leucopenia, elevated serum ferritin, elevated D-dimer, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with pulmonary fibrosis (P value <0.001).

Conclusion
Pulmonary fibrosis is recognized as a complication between survivors. Immune response due to lung injury by viral infection, and trials to repair are keys to the procedure of fibro genesis. Predictors of lung fibrosis involve increased lab parameters such as serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence among Students of BS Program at University Level
Authors: Saeed Sana , Islam Md. Ramizul , Latif Swera , Ashraf Ijaz 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the impact of emotional intelligence among university students. This descriptive study was carried out among undergraduate students at Pakistan's University of Agriculture Faisalabad. A total of 176 students from the university's Social Science Faculty were conveniently chosen as a sample. Data has been collected by using a well-structured questionnaire and percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, weightage score, and rank order by the SPSS 17.0 package by following descriptive statistical analyses method. The study findings revealed that students' emotional intelligence scores varied and that it influenced their academic achievements differently. The reality of a few esteemed crescendos of emotional intelligence among students may be cooperative in terms of valuable life skills as well as satisfying academic depictions. Emotional intelligence management can help students perform better in school and have a positive impact on real-life activities. As a result, it is suggested that students with low academic performance be taught emotional intelligence through training and various programs. This research would help teachers, policymakers, curriculum planners, and institution heads deal with the disabilities of their students. It would also provide guidance and support for professional development, training, and retention plans for teachers.
Medieval Shields of Europe and Rus’ (Construction, Military Symbolic Significance, Development)
Authors: Kozak M. 
Published: November 2022

The article considers the problem of the development of shields, the main element of medieval protective equipment, and an important military and heraldic symbol in Ukrainian medieval state of Rus’ and in Europe in general. The state of the research and the source base are outlined. The main trends in the development of the design and symbolic significance of shields in Europe during the Middle Ages are outlined. At the same time, emphasis was placed on sources concerning Rus’ lands and adjacent territories. The author draws attention to the need to compare archaeological, written and iconographic sources in one study. The study focuses on the most representative sources, especially those that can be to apply on material from the Rus’ lands. It is emphasized that the shield as a basic element of protective equipment during the Middle Ages, іn Rus’ lands largely developed in line with European trends. Which in turn makes it impossible to isolate local features about to beginning of the ХІІІ century. At the turn of the XII–XIII centuries in some regions of Eastern Europe, namely the Rus’-Baltic-Polish border, a relatively new type of shield is being formed, the so-called “protopaveza”. This in turn had a direct impact on the armaments of Rus’ and the Teutonic Order in the ХІІІ–ХІV centuries. The author analyzes the main interactions and borrowings of types of shields between different regions of Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages. It is noted that in the Ukrainian medieval state of Rus’, which was at the intersection of Eastern and Western military traditions, shields of both European types and the eastern “kalkan” could be used. However, given the available sources, it is safe to say that the European trend of development of this protective equipment had an advantage. The author came to the conclusion that the shields used in Rus’ and Europe in the X–XII centuries generally belonged to the same types. In particular, it is round, almond-shaped and triangular shields. The issue of shields of the XIII–XV centuries remains more complicated. During this period can be observed as the influence of Western Europe on Rus’, for example, the spread of the knight's “tarch”. And trends that began in Eastern Europe, namely the spread of pavises in the XIV–XV centuries.
Australian Foreign Policy during the World War II
Authors: Vietrynskyi I. 
Published: November 2022

The article is related to the establishment of Australian foreign policy tradition and becoming of Australia as a subject of international relations. The significant role of the dominions during First World War Great and their help for Great Britain victory, intensified their struggle for independence. As the result of long-term efforts, dominions reached the proclamation of the Balfour Declaration in 1926 by London, which was later confirmed by the Statute of Westminster (1931), which established the authority for dominions for an independent foreign policy. The development of Australian foreign policy before and during World War II was analyzed. The evolution of the relations of the Australia and Great Britain in the context of the events of the World War II is traced, in particular the peculiarities of the allied relations of the two countries. There is shown the regional dimension of the World War II within the Asia-Pacific region, in the context of Australia and the United States actions against Japanese aggression. There are analyzed the peculiarities of external threats effect on the transformation of the Australian foreign policy strategy, in particular in the national security sphere. The main threat for Australia in that period become Japanise aggressive and expansionist policy in the Asia-Pacific region. A lot of Australian soldiers and military equipment were sent to Great Britain to support traditional allie. But in actual strategic situation in Europe there were great doubts that British troops and the navy would be able to effectively help Australians in case of an attack by Japan. Politics of national security and defense of Australia in the context of its participation in World War II is considered. In the conditions of real threat of Japanese invasion, as well as the lack of sure to receive necessary support from Great Britain, the Australian government start to find a military alliance with the USA. There were identified the key implications of World War II for Australian socio-economic system.
Soviet Aggression in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and American – Pakistan Relanions
Authors: Kovalkov O. 
Published: November 2022

The impact of the Soviet aggression in Afghanistan in 1979–1989 on US–Pakistan relations on the basis of predominantly American-Pakistani documents and memoirs has been examined in the article. Soviet intervention in Afghanistan led to the deterioration of Soviet-American relations, the curtailment of “détente” and the escalation of the Cold War. One manifestation of this was the United States’ full support for the Afghan opposition. The USA needed Pakistan as allies in this policy but it was sandwiched between Soviet-occupied Afghanistan and unfriendly India, so it needed reliable allies. In addition, the Afghan opposition parties’ headquarters, Mujahedeen training camps were located in Pakistan with almost 3 million settled refugees. The USA and Pakistan were mutually interested in close cooperation.
The conditionality of changing the format of US-Pakistani relations by the civil war in Afghanistan and the involvement of the USSR on the side of the ruling People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan have been proved. The relations between the USA and Pakistan in the 1980s developed in two directions: official and covert but under the Afghan crisis influence the United States gave in to its principles. Despite the dictatorial regime, violation of the conditions of nuclear non-proliferation the USA has significantly expanded its military-technical and economic assistance to Pakistan. This significantly strengthened the country's defense capabilities and position of M. Ziyaul-Haq’s regime and Pakistan has become in general one of the main allies of the USA in their support of the Afghan crisis opposition. The secret cooperation between the CIA and the Pakistani Interagency Intelligence in financing and supplying military property to the Afghan Mujahedeen, providing them with intelligence, assisting in the production and dissemination of propaganda materials was important. This had a marked effect on the Afghan war outbreak, greatly strengthened the Mujahedeen’s ability to resist Soviet troops, and significantly increased the disastrous consequences of the Afghan adventure for the USSR. After the Soviet troops’ withdrawal from Afghanistan, Pakistan lost strategic importance to the USA, and most programs of US-Pakistani cooperation were curtailed.
The Role of Women-Journalists and Writers in the Development of Democracy and Culture in Australia (the end of the XIXth century – 70s of the XXth century)
Authors: Zernetska O. 
Published: November 2022

The emancipation of Australian women in particular journalists and writers, who dedicated their lives to the development of culture of the fifth continent has been detected in this article. The goal of the article is to analyse the arrival of women – journalists, editors, publishers - in the print media and to determine their role in the formation and development of democracy and culture of the young state.
As a result of the interdisciplinary research (combination of history, sociology, philology, culturology) new data on the role of women were obtained in the formation of democracy in Australia. This gives reason to affirm that this is the first study of this problem in Ukraine.
New names of such outstanding Australian men – journalists, editors, publishers, writers as E.S. Hall, S. Bennet, H. Parks, G. Mott, C. Feilberg, W. Winn and women – L. Lawson, F. Baverstock, N. Palmer were introduced into scientific circulation. Significantly expanded and supplemented historical and cultural information about such outstanding women writers and journalists as M. Gilmore, E.F. Richardson, M. Franklin, K.S. Prichard, C. Stead, C. McCullough. Their life is investigated in the context of socio-historical development of Australia and world events that were reflected in their work. Great is their contribution to the antifascist struggle, to the defence of freedom and democratic values in Australia.
The artistic value of the work of each of them is determined. The humanistic and realistic approach in creating their characters is clarified. It reflects the historical and socio-cultural development of Australia since the mid-XIX century to the 70-s of the XX century. It is proved that the history of periodicals and the development of literature on the fifth continent is the story of extraordinary talented women, in whose destinies the history of the development of the fourth power and the literature of Australia is reflected. The stages of The Bulletin magazine’s existence, the reasons for its closure and its influence on formation of Australian national literature are analysed.
The practical value of the work lies in the fact that it brings new data to academic courses such as “The History of Australia”, “The Print Media of Australia”, “The Literature of Australia”.
It is proved than women writers and journalists of Australia enriched Australian literature with bright original works and also made a significant contribution to its culture and democracy.