bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAVIDADE BUCAL: UMA ROTA DISSEMINADORA EM POTENCIAL PARA O COVID-19?
Authors: Porto Edla carvalho , De Matos Vilas Boas Aline , Loyanna Pimentel da Silva Leticia , Oliveira de Almeida Franciele 
Published: April 2022

A doença Covid-19, causada por uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave, através do vírus SARS-CoV-2, surgiu em 2019 e rapidamente se espalhou pelo mundo inteiro, tornando-se uma pandemia. Os principais sintomas são: febre, dispneia, tosse seca e tem crescido os relatos de manifestações orais, como perda de paladar e presença de lesões. Com a infecção pelo vírus, o organismo se defende através das respostas imunes, secretando citocinas pró-inflamatórias, as quais se exacerbam e aumentam de número, gerando a tempestade de citocinas. Foi verificada a possível relação de a cavidade oral ser considerada uma via disseminadora do COVID-19 e sua relação com as manifestações orais. Uma busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), utilizando-se os descritores: “Covid-19”, “Sars-CoV-2”, “ACE2”, “cavidade oral” e “manifestações”. As ACE2 foram encontradas em células epiteliais da cavidade oral, tecidos gengivais, o que sugere que a cavidade oral pode ser uma via potencial de disseminação do vírus, e sua maior expressão foi percebida na língua, podendo representar um fator para alterações gustativas. As lesões orais foram percebidas no início da doença e progrediram com a evolução da infecção. Dessa maneira, os cirurgiões dentistas podem contribuir na detecção das manifestações orais do COVID-19, as quais são indicativos em potencial da infecção por coronavírus.
Descritores: Covid-19. Cavidade oral. Manifestações.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of “Hepa-Merz” in Burn Disease
Authors: Shakirov B. M. , Muradova R. R. , Haydarov M. M. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: A burn affects the structure and function of almost every organ including the liver.
Material and Methods: This study received approval from Samarkand Centre of Emergency Medical Care (RCSUMA), Uzbekistan. The research program included complex treatment and examination of 82 patients with IIIAB-IV (deep burns) degree burns from 30% to 60% of the body surface and included: a general clinical and instrumental examination, biochemical and clinical blood tests.
Results: The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the use of Hepa-Merz in the complex treatment of severely burned patients. Conclusions: The use of Hepa-Merz allows to enhance the targeted therapeutic effect on the functional and morphological state of the liver and is indicated for the prevention and treatment of post-burn intoxication hepatitis.
The Impact of Maturity on Role of Head and Eye on Ocular Motions to Intersection Scanning Conduct
Authors: Rehman Ateeq , Jamali Maqbool Ahmed , Jandan Nisar Ahmed , Abbasi Muhammad Ashfaque , Ghoto Abbas Ali , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The Objectives of researchers of this study are to find out if there was a relationship between age and the input of head and hand actions on scanning conduct at crossings. Impending junctions necessitates scanning a broad region, which necessitates big lateral head turns and eye movements.
Methodology: We selected 53 participants in two age sets: 27 older (14 females and 19 males; 62-82 years) and 25 youngers (11 females and 14 males; 23-42 years) with visual acuity that fulfilled MA driver's license standards (minimum 21/41 modified or unmodified). Randomized control data, as well as vehicle position, speed, and heading, and info regarding other programmed automobiles, remained gathered at a rate of 32 cycles per second (rpm). With the help of a six-camera remote digital authentication scheme operating at 60 Hz, data on head and eye movements were acquired. This research was conducted at People Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah from April 2020 to March 2021.
Results: When driving in a simulator, 29 drivers over the age of 28 were monitored to see how their eyes and heads moved as they drove. It was determined that there were two types of scans for each of the city's 19 four-way intersections: eye-only scans (which contained only eye actions) and head-plus-eye scans (head and eye movements). Experienced drivers' head-eye scans (47.7% vs. 55%), as well as eye-only scans, were lower than expected (9.3 percent vs. 11.2 percent). In head-eye scans, skilled drivers showed the lower head and visual attention percentage compared to younger drivers. Among senior drivers, more eye-only scans (7 vs. 6) were performed, even though there were lesser head-eye scans (just 2). If you look at all-gaze scans, you won't see any ageing effects. According to our results, eye and head motions have a significant influence in development of cognitive deficits. Our findings show that eye and head motions both contribute to age-related impairments in intersection scanning, emphasizing the necessity of evaluating both eye and head movements.
Conclusion: To evaluate head motions, and to highlight the necessity for training programmed for senior drivers this can emphasize before approaching the junction.
Saccadic as Well as Manual Reaction Times to Targets Given to the Amblyopic Eye are Faster than Those of the Opposite Eye or Normal Eyes
Authors: Jamali Maqbool Ahmed , Jandan Nisar Ahmed , Rehman Ateeq , Abbasi Muhammad Ashfaque , Ghoto Abbas Ali , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: April 2022

Aim: Amblyopia is caused by a combination of neural and visual impairments caused by abnormal early visual growth. One of the many drawbacks of amblyopia is that the amblyopic eye's saccadic and physical reaction times to targets presented to it are much slower than the other eye or normal eyes.
Methodology: Assumed that amblyopic eye's recognized impairments in contrast sensitivity, the question immediately arises if the longer reaction times are merely a result of the stimuli's diminished visibility. Our current research was conducted at People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah from May 2019 to April 2020.
Results: RTs to perifoveal stimuli are measured in study 1 as a function of efficient stimulus contrast, i.e., contrasting as measured by the amblyopic eye's comparison threshold. In our anisometropic amblyopes, researchers find that the asymptotic RTs including both eyes are the same when the sensory differences among eyes are minimized or eliminated. Several cross-eyed amblyopes, though, might have had an insurmountable delayed at asymptote. However, after accounting for stimulus sensory changes, these individuals' saccadic response times exhibited considerable interocular discrepancies. According to our results, eliminating the fixation image does slow down the amblyopic eye's reaction time, and that the gap impact is the same in both eyes. Therefore, the amblyopic eye's intrinsic delayed is not eliminated by the gap impact.
Conclusion: Last but not least in Experiment 3, we looked at the interocular variations in saccadic and manual reaction times for the same participants. As a result, we were able to determine the relationship between latencies in the two modes.
Expression Level Tuning for Optimal Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Parekh Rajesh N. , Wittrup K. Dane 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe relationship between expression level and secretion of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) was determined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a tunable amplifiable δ integration vector. Optimal secretory productivity of 15 mg of BPTI/g cell dry weight yields 180 mg/L secreted active BPTI in test‐tube cultures, an order of magnitude increase over 2μ plasmid‐directed secretion. Maximum productivity is determined by the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) . Unfolded protein accumulates in the ER as synthesis increases, until a physiological instability is reached and secretion decreases precipitously despite high BPTI mRNA levels. Optimal specific productivity of a standard laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae is double that reported for secretion of BPTI by Pichia pastoris, indicating that efficient utilization of S. cerevisiae's available secretory capacity can eliminate apparent differences among yeast species in their capacity for heterologous protein secretion. Although not generally recognized, the existence of an optimum synthesis level for secretion is apparently a general feature of eucaryotic expression systems and could be of substantial significance for maximization of protein secretion in mammalian and insect cell culture.
Altering Flavor Profiles in Onion (Allium cepa L.) Root Cultures Through Directed Biosynthesis
Authors: Prince C. L. , Shuler M. L. , Yamada Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRoot cultures of Allium cepa L. (onion) were fed potential precursors in the sulfate reduction pathway to the (+) ‐S‐alk(en) yl‐l‐cysteine sulfoxides (RCSOs) which are flavor precursors in Alliumsp. Sulfate, valine, and methacrylic acid did not increase RCSO production, indicating that these steps were not rate limiting. Cysteine, glutathione, and methionine could increase both the methyl‐ and propenylcysteine sulfoxides. The ratio of the propenyl to methyl form could be dramatically altered (over a range of 8.5) depending on the amount and type of precursor used. Additionally, novel flavor components, not normally found in A. cepa L., were made in substantial amounts by feeding the corresponding thiol (propyl, 2‐propenyl (allyl), and ethyl) . These results demonstrate that customized flavor profiles can be produced from Allium root cultures and provide an example of the use of plant cell cultures to produce novel metabolites.
Decreasing Extracellular pH Increases CD13 Receptor Surface Content and Alters the Metabolism of HL60 Cells Cultured in Stirred Tank Bioreactors
Authors: McDowell Christi L. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFlow cytometry and Northern blotting were used to examine the effects of extracellular pH on CD13 receptor surface content and mRNA levels of HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells. Decreasing culture pH (7.4, 7.2, and 7.0) increased the CD13 receptor surface content of HL60 cells cultured at low agitation intensity (80 rpm) in 2‐L bioreactors. Unlike our earlier findings on the effects of increasing agitation rates and serum concentrations, changes in CD13 receptor content in response to decreasing culture pH did not correlate with changes in CD13 mRNA levels. Decreasing culture pH also decreased the average HL60 cell size. HL60 cells cultured at pH 7.0 and 7.2 exhibited glucose consumption and lactate production rates that were approximately 30−40% and 20−30% lower, respectively, than values of cells cultured at pH 7.4.
The influence of anaesthesia and surgery on the circadian rhythm of melatonin
Authors: Kärkelä J. , Vakkuri O. , Kaukinen S. , Huang W‐Q. , Pasanen M. 
Published: July 2002

Background: Operations are typically associated with sleep and other circadian rhythm disturbances. The present study was set up to evaluate the influence of spinal and general anaesthesia associated with knee surgery on the circadian rhythm of melatonin, which has sleep inducing properties. Previously this context has been studied only in some invasive operations and it might be that general anaesthesia induces more disturbances on circadian rhythm of melatonin than operations done with patients awake.Methods: The circadian secretion pattern of melatonin was monitored during the pre‐ and postoperative evenings, nights and mornings to clarify possible anaesthesia/surgery‐induced changes in the nocturnal secretion of melatonin and in the phase of the melatonin rhythm. The study included 20 patients scheduled for minor orthopaedic operations. The patients were randomised to receive either spinal or general anaesthesia. Melatonin was measured from evening and morning saliva samples radioimmunologically. The nocturnal urine before and after surgery was radioimmunologically examined for 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulphate.Results: Melatonin secretion evaluated from the saliva samples was significantly diminished during the first postoperative evening as compared with that during the preoperative evening (P<0.001). There was also a significant decline of 26% (P<0.05) in postoperative 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulphate excretion. There was no significant difference in melatonin secretion between the spinal and general anaesthesia groups.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anaesthesia in conjunction with surgery acutely disturbed the normal circadian rhythm of melatonin by delaying the onset of nocturnal melatonin secretion.
Orbitofrontal involvement in the processing of unpleasant auditory information
Authors: Frey S. , Kostopoulos P. , Petrides M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAlthough little is known about the contribution of the orbitofrontal cortex to the processing of new information in man, lesion studies in monkeys have suggested that it plays a critical role. The present study investigated changes in cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography in normal human subjects during exposure to unpleasant auditory stimuli. The results indicated that the caudal orbitofrontal cortex, area 13, which is powerfully linked to the medial temporal limbic region and is involved in the regulation of autonomic responses, is a key part of the frontal cortex responding in the face of unpleasant incoming information.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Roberts syndrome in a family with negative history
Authors: Paladini D. , Palmieri S. , Lecora M. , Perone L. , Di Meglio A. , D'Armiento M. , Cascioli C. , Martinelli P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA case is presented in which the ultrasonographic detection of multiple congenital anomalies led to the diagnosis of Roberts syndrome in the fetus of a woman with a negative family history. The fetus had bilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral amesomelia with ectrodactyly, a complex congenital heart disease and intrauterine growth retardation. These malformations are frequent in Roberts syndrome and, therefore, an amniocentesis was performed to detect the cytogenetic marker of this syndrome, premature centromere separation. This phenomenon could not be detected in metaphases from amniocytes, but it was present in peripheral lymphocytes cultured at birth. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this represents the first case in which the suspicion of Roberts syndrome was raised by ultrasound in a family with a negative family history. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A prospective study of the effect of education on non–compliant behaviour in contact lens wear
Authors: Claydon Bridget E. , Efront Nathan , Woods Craig 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe contact lens practitioner and patient present a specific case for the study of non‐compliance in areas such as hygiene, solution use, appointment attendance and wearing times. Education is one of the factors thought to influence compliance among patients in general health care situations and contact lens practitioners are encouraged to educate patients in the care and maintenance of contact lenses. A prospective, randomized, controlled and double masked study was performed to assess the effect of a‘compliance enhancement strategy’ on levels of compliance among contact lens wearers over twelve months. Eighty experienced contact lens patients were randomly allocated to two experimental groups. A standard level of contact lens instruction was applied to the first group and in addition the compliance enhancement strategy was applied to patients assigned to the second group. The strategy consisted of extra education for patients using a video, booklets, posters, a checklist and a health care contract. Patients were given free supplies of RelMu multipurpose solution and Medalist 38 soft contact lenses IBausch and Lomb, Rochester. New York). Compliance levels were assessed at a twelve month aftercare appointment by demonstration and questionnaire. The results indicate that the compliance enhancement strategy had little significant effect on the compliance levels of the patients to whom it was applied. The population of contact lens wearers were generally very compliant and the contact lenses and care regimen were clinically successful. The possibility that the assessment of non–compliance was not adequately sensitive to highlight small differences in non‐compliant, behaviour is discussed. The standard level of eduction applied to this sample of contact lens patients was adequate to ensure generally high levels of compliance with the simple care and maintenance regimen recommended.
Units, mg/l or % CDT for detection of harmful alcohol consumption?
Authors: GRIMSRUD KJERSTI , SUNDREHAGEN ERLING 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAbstract Recent studies have demonstrated that the diagnostic performance of CDT measurements is influenced by variations in total transferrin concentration. Improved specificity is obtained with relative values, either %CDT or units CDT per total transferrin concentration. Whether relative or absolute values are used, confirmatory methods by HPLC or IEF should be available, and definition of the CDT values and correlation to HPLC or IEF should be given.
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Its Modulation by Calcium Ions During Tumor Growth
Authors: Pustovidko A. V. , Potselueva M. M. , Evtodienko Yu. V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the role of Ca2+ in regulating their activity during Zajdela hepatoma growth in the animal peritoneal cavity were studied. We found a marked increase in the ROS‐generating activity of PMNL in circulating blood, the result of increases in both the specific activity of leukocytes and total number of PMNL in circulating blood. The ROS‐generating activity of PMNL was substantially activated by Ca2+ ions and a calcium ionophore (ionomycin), but this effect virtually completely disappeared during tumor growth. Perhaps the high ROS‐generating activity of PMNL and the lack of the sensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ during tumor growth in the organism are due to an accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ ions.
Detecting periodic patterns in biological sequences.
Authors: Coward E , Drabl√∏s F 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: The search for repeated patterns in DNA and protein sequences is important in sequence analysis. The rapid increase in available sequences, in particular from large-scale genome sequencing projects, makes it relevant to develop sensitive automatic methods for the identification of repeats. RESULTS: A new method for finding periodic patterns in biological sequences is presented. The method is based on evolutionary distance and 'phase shifts' corresponding to insertions and deletions. A given sequence is aligned to itself in a certain sense, trying to minimize a distance to periodicity. Relationships between different such periodicity measures are discussed. An iterative algorithm is used, and the running time is nearly proportional to the sequence length. The alignment produces a periodic consensus pattern. A 'phase score' is used to indicate a statistical significance of the periodicity. Three examples using both DNA and protein sequences illustrate how the method can be used to find patterns. AVAILABILITY: On request from the authors. CONTACT: evindc@mat nu.no; finn.drablos@unimed.sintef.no
Chemical Recycling of Poly(Cyclohexene Carbonate) Using a Di‐MgII Catalyst
Authors: Singer Frances N. , Deacy Arron C. , McGuire Thomas M. , Williams Charlotte K. , Buchard Antoine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChemical recycling of polymers to true monomers is pivotal for a circular plastics economy. Here, the first catalyzed chemical recycling of the widely investigated carbon dioxide derived polymer, poly(cyclohexene carbonate), to cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide is reported. The reaction requires dinuclear catalysis, with the di‐MgII catalyst showing both high monomer selectivity (>98 %) and activity (TOF=150 h−1, 0.33 mol %, 120 °C). The depolymerization occurs via a chain‐end catalyzed depolymerization mechanism and DFT calculations indicate the high selectivity arises from Mg‐alkoxide catalyzed epoxide extrusion being kinetically favorable compared to cyclic carbonate formation.
Manipulating the Water Dissociation Electrocatalytic Sites of Bimetallic Nickel‐Based Alloys for Highly Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Xin Sisi , Xiao Yao , Zhang Zhengfu , Li Zhimin , Zhang Wang , Li Caiju , Bao Rui , Peng Jian , Yi Jianhong , Chou Shulei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal alloys are currently drawing increasing attention as promising electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, traditional density‐functional‐theory‐derived d‐band theory fails to describe the hydrogen adsorption energy (ΔGH) on hollow sites. Herein, by studying the ΔGH for a series of Ni−M (M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, W) bimetallic alloys, an improved d‐band center was provided and a potential NiCu electrocatalyst with a near‐optimal ΔGH was discovered. Moreover, oxygen atoms were introduced into Ni−M (O−NiM) to balance the adsorption/desorption of hydroxyl species. The tailored electrocatalytic sites for water dissociation can synergistically accelerate the multi‐step alkaline HER. The prepared O−NiCu shows the optimum HER activity with a low overpotential of 23 mV at 10 mA cm−2. This work not only broadens the applicability of d‐band theory, but also provides crucial understanding for designing efficient HER electrocatalysts.
Amine‐Catalyzed Copper‐Mediated C−H Sulfonylation of Benzaldehydes via a Transient Imine Directing Group**
Authors: Higham Joe I. , Bull James A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransient directing groups (TDGs) can provide a powerful means for C−H functionalization without requiring additional steps for directing group introduction and removal. We report the first use of a TDG in combination with copper to effect C−H functionalization. The regioselective copper mediated β−C(sp2)−H sulfonylation of aldehydes with sulfinate salts is accomplished using catalytic β‐alanine to form a transient imine. A broad range of sulfonylated benzaldehydes are prepared using copper fluoride as both copper source and oxidant, involving a [5,6] cupracyclic intermediate. γ‐(peri)‐Sulfonylation of napthyl and phenanthrenyl carboxaldehydes is achieved through [6,6] cupracyclic intermediates. Further derivatisation of the aldehyde products is demonstrated. Kinetic experiments and Hammett analysis suggest the turnover limiting step to be a concerted asynchronous C−H cleavage via a dearomative Wheland‐type transition state.
Layered Organic Metal Chalcogenides (OMCs): From Bulk to Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Wang Guan‐E , Luo ShaoZhen , Di Tuo , Fu ZhiHua , Xu Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe modification of inorganic two‐dimensional (2D) materials with organic functional motifs is in high demand for the optimization of their properties, but it is still a daunting challenge. Organic metal chalcogenides (OMCs) are a type of newly emerging 2D materials, with metal chalcogenide layers covalently anchored by long‐range ordered organic functional motifs, these materials are extremely desirable but impossible to realize by traditional methods. Both the inorganic layer and organic functional motifs of OMCs are highly designable and thus provide this type of 2D materials with enormous variety in terms of their structure and properties. This Minireview aims to review the latest developments in OMCs and their bulk precursors. Firstly, the structure types of the bulk precursors for OMCs are introduced. Second, the synthesis and applications of OMC 2D materials in photoelectricity, catalysis, sensors, and energy transfer are explored. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future research on OMCs are discussed.