bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use
Authors: Ho Hsi-Cheng , Brodersen Jakob , Gossner Martin M. , Graham Catherine H. , Kaeser Silvana , Reji Chacko Merin , Seehausen Ole , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Altermatt Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile aquatic (blue) and terrestrial (green) food webs are parts of the same landscape, it remains unclear whether they respond similarly to shared environmental gradients. We use empirical community data from hundreds of sites across Switzerland and a synthesis of interaction information in the form of a metaweb to show that inferred blue and green food webs have different structural and ecological properties along elevation and among various land-use types. Specifically, in green food webs, their modular structure increases with elevation and the overlap of consumers’ diet niche decreases, while the opposite pattern is observed in blue food webs. Such differences between blue and green food webs are particularly pronounced in farmland-dominated habitats, indicating that anthropogenic habitat modification modulates the climatic effects on food webs but differently in blue versus green systems. These findings indicate general structural differences between blue and green food webs and suggest their potential divergent future alterations through land-use or climatic changes.
Arctic introgression and chromatin regulation facilitated rapid Qinghai-Tibet Plateau colonization by an avian predator
Authors: Hu Li , Long Juan , Lin Yi , Gu Zhongru , Su Han , Dong Xuemin , Lin Zhenzhen , Xiao Qian , Batbayar Nyambayar , Bold Batbayar , Deutschová Lucia , Ganusevich Sergey , Sokolov Vasiliy , Sokolov Aleksandr , Patel Hardip R. , Waters Paul D. , Graves Jennifer Ann Marshall , Dixon Andrew , Pan Shengkai , Zhan Xiangjiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), possesses a climate as cold as that of the Arctic, and also presents uniquely low oxygen concentrations and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. QTP animals have adapted to these extreme conditions, but whether they obtained genetic variations from the Arctic during cold adaptation, and how genomic mutations in non-coding regions regulate gene expression under hypoxia and intense UV environment, remain largely unknown. Here, we assemble a high-quality saker falcon genome and resequence populations across Eurasia. We identify female-biased hybridization with Arctic gyrfalcons in the last glacial maximum, that endowed eastern sakers with alleles conveying larger body size and changes in fat metabolism, predisposing their QTP cold adaptation. We discover that QTP hypoxia and UV adaptations mainly involve independent changes in non-coding genomic variants. Our study highlights key roles of gene flow from Arctic relatives during QTP hypothermia adaptation, andcis-regulatory elements during hypoxic response and UV protection.
Ablation of CD8+ T cell recognition of an immunodominant epitope in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3
Authors: Swaminathan Srividhya , Lineburg Katie E. , Panikkar Archana , Raju Jyothy , Murdolo Lawton D. , Szeto Christopher , Crooks Pauline , Le Texier Laetitia , Rehan Sweera , Dewar-Oldis Michael J. , Barnard Peter J. , Ambalathingal George R. , Neller Michelle A. , Short Kirsty R. , Gras Stephanie , Khanna Rajiv , Smith Corey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns of escape from vaccine-induced immunity. A number of studies have demonstrated a reduction in antibody-mediated neutralization of the Omicron variant in vaccinated individuals. Preliminary observations have suggested that T cells are less likely to be affected by changes in Omicron. However, the complexity of human leukocyte antigen genetics and its impact upon immunodominant T cell epitope selection suggests that the maintenance of T cell immunity may not be universal. In this study, we describe the impact that changes in Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 have on recognition by spike-specific T cells. These T cells constitute the immunodominant CD8+ T cell response in HLA-A*29:02+ COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals; however, they fail to recognize the Omicron-encoded sequence. These observations demonstrate that in addition to evasion of antibody-mediated immunity, changes in Omicron variants can also lead to evasion of recognition by immunodominant T cell responses.
Spin-orbital Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in single Kondo molecular magnet
Authors: Xia Hui-Nan , Minamitani Emi , Žitko Rok , Liu Zhen-Yu , Liao Xin , Cai Min , Ling Zi-Heng , Zhang Wen-Hao , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Ruben Mario , Fu Ying-Shuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies of single-spin objects are essential for designing emergent quantum states. We investigate a molecular magnet Tb2Pc3 interacting with a superconducting Pb(111) substrate, which hosts unprecedented Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) subgap states, dubbed spin-orbital YSR states. Upon adsorption of the molecule on Pb, the degeneracy of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) is lifted, and the lower LUMO forms a radical spin via charge transfer. This leads to Kondo screening and subgap states. Intriguingly, the YSR states display two pairs of resonances with clearly distinct behavior. The energy of the inner pair exhibits prominent inter and intra molecular variation, and it strongly depends on the tip height. The outer pair, however, shifts only slightly. As is unveiled through theoretical calculations, the two pairs of YSR states originate from the ligand spin and charge-fluctuating higher LUMO, coexisting in a single molecule, but only weakly coupled presumably due to different spatial distribution. Our work paves the way for understanding complex many-body excitations and constructing molecule-based topological superconductivity.
Foldable three dimensional neural electrode arrays for simultaneous brain interfacing of cortical surface and intracortical multilayers
Authors: Lee Ju Young , Park Sang Hoon , Kim Yujin , Cho Young Uk , Park Jaejin , Hong Jung-Hoon , Kim Kyubeen , Shin Jongwoon , Ju Jeong Eun , Min In Sik , Sang Mingyu , Shin Hyogeun , Jeong Ui-Jin , Gao Yuyan , Li Bowen , Zhumbayeva Aizhan , Kim Kyung Yeun , Hong Eun-Bin , Nam Min-Ho , Jeon Hojeong , Jung Youngmee , Cheng Huanyu , Cho Il-Joo , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChallenges in the understanding of three-dimensional (3D) brain networks by simultaneously recording both surface and intracortical areas of brain signals remain due to the difficulties of constructing mechanical design and spatial limitations of the implanted sites. Here, we present a foldable and flexible 3D neural prosthetic that facilitates the 3D mapping of complex neural circuits with high spatiotemporal dynamics from the intracortical to cortical region. This device is the tool to map the 3D neural transmission through sophisticatedly designed four flexible penetrating shanks and surface electrode arrays in one integrated system. We demonstrate the potential possibilities of identifying correlations of neural activities from the intracortical area to cortical regions through continuous monitoring of electrophysiological signals. We also exploited the structural properties of the device to record synchronized signals of single spikes evoked by unidirectional total whisker stimulation. This platform offers opportunities to clarify unpredictable 3D neural pathways and provides a next-generation neural interface.
Enhancing mechanical properties of flash-spun filaments by pressure-induced phase separation control in supercritical high-density polyethylene solution
Authors: Wee Jae-Hyung , Bae Younghwan , Cho Nam Pil , Kim Moo Sung , Lee Won Jun , Yeo Sang Young 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlash-spun nonwoven (FS-NW) is gaining attention in the PPE field due to its excellent barrier and mechanical properties resulting from its non-uniform diameter distribution and unique filament morphology. The unique network structure of flash-spun filaments (FSF) comprising the FS-NW can be controlled by phase separation behavior in the supercritical fluid (SCF) process. This study proposes a simple method to control the microstructure of FSFs by controlling the pressure-induced phase separation (PIPS) process in polymer/SCF solution. This phase separation behavior of an HDPE/SCF solution was confirmed by using a high-pressure view cell. A multistage nozzle allowing for phase-separated pressure to form different phases was also designed. HDPE-FSFs were synthesized by flash-spinning, and their morphology, crystallinity, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the filaments obtained by PSP control at 220 °C and with an HDPE concentration of 8 wt% showed a network structure composed of strands, wherein the diameters ranged from 1.39 to 40.9 μm. Optimal FSF was obtained at 76 bar, with a crystallinity of 64.0% and a tenacity of 2.88 g/d. The PIPS method can thus effectively control the microstructure more feasibly than temperature- or solvent-induced techniques and can allow the effective synthesis of various products.
The surgical management trends of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: 5-year experience in one institution
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhong Weiyang , Quan Zhengxue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) have gradually become a health threat to elderly individuals. Treatment options are controversial, and many challenges remain. Our study aimed to investigate the management trends of OVCFs at a single institution, covering all cases of OVCFs between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. A total of 938 OVCF patients were reviewed, and OVCFs were most common in patients over 70 years old. The hospital stay, surgery haemorrhage rate and total cost decreased year by year. The number of patients with previous OVCFs varied from 123 in 2016 to 83 in 2020. The average bone mineral density (BMD) of the patients generally decreased year by year. In OVCF treatments, the rate of PV or PK increased from 93.86% in 2016 to 98.98% in 2020, while the rate of PV combined with pedicle fixation decreased from 6.14% in 2012 to 1.12% in 2020. Most patients were treated with bisphosphonates, and only 2 patients were treated with teriparatide. The visual analogue scale scores significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with the preoperative values. The rate of previous fractures was correlated with BMD, while there were no correlations with sex, age, or anti-osteoporosis treatment. In conclusion, the 5-year incidence of OVCFs increased and average patient BMD worsened by year. Although the total cost is continuously decreasing, poor adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatments and the prevention of refracture create more severe challenges.
Investigation of transverse crack spacing in an asphalt pavement with a semi-rigid base
Authors: Chen Jiangcai , Li Hengzhen , Zhao Zihong , Hou Xiangchen , Luo Junhui , Xie Cheng , Liu Haobin , Ren Tianzeng , Huang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransverse cracking is a serious problem for semi-rigid base asphalt pavement. The shrinkage of the base course and the surface course, as well as reflective cracks, are key factors for transverse cracking in asphalt pavement. Crack spacing can directly reflect the degree of transverse cracking in pavements. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the transverse crack spacing and discuss its affecting factors. To this end, a calculation model of transverse crack spacing for the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement was first established. Then, the transverse crack spacings of different composite structures were calculated, and the influences of the shrinkage coefficient, the structural layer thickness, and the pavement tensile strength on transverse crack spacing were expounded. Finally, the transverse crack spacing of the pavement after the appearance of the reflective was calculated. The results show that the lower lime and fly ash content and skeleton gap gradation can be adopted during the design of the base course. Meanwhile, the lower lime and fly ash content in the macadam base, the skeleton gap gradation and asphalt concrete with a larger particle size in the surface layer can be used during the design of surface layer. In addition, the transverse crack spacing of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement could be increased by reducing the shrinkage coefficient, increasing the thicknesses of the surface course and the base course, and improving the tensile strength of the pavement. After the appearance of reflective cracks, the transverse crack spacing of the surface layer ranged between 32.8 m and 66.5 m. 15fp-AC25, 15fp-AC20, 15df-AC25, and 17fp-AC25 were found to be the best semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structures to reduce transverse cracking. Finally, transverse cracking in pavement composite structures under different bonding conditions needs to be analyzed in the follow-up work.
A novel anti-TNF-α drug ozoralizumab rapidly distributes to inflamed joint tissues in a mouse model of collagen induced arthritis
Authors: Oyama Shohei , Ebina Kosuke , Etani Yuki , Hirao Makoto , Kyuuma Masanao , Fujii Yasuyuki , Iwata Katsuya , Ogawa Bunichiro , Hasegawa Tomoya , Kawano Sasagu , Nakanishi Yutaka , Okada Seiji , Nakata Ken 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn clinical studies, the next-generation anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) single domain antibody ozoralizumab showed high clinical efficacy shortly after the subcutaneous injection. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab, we compared the biodistribution kinetics of ozoralizumab and adalimumab after subcutaneous injection in an animal model of arthritis. Alexa Fluor 680-labeled ozoralizumab and adalimumab were administered by subcutaneous injection once (2 mg/kg) at five weeks after induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in an animal arthritis model. The time-course of changes in the fluorescence intensities of the two compounds in the paws and serum were evaluated. The paws of the CIA mice were harvested at four and eight hours after the injection for fluorescence microscopy. Biofluorescence imaging revealed better distribution of ozoralizumab to the joint tissues than of adalimumab, as early as at four hours after the injection. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a greater fluorescence intensity of ozoralizumab in the joint tissues than that of adalimumab at eight hours after the injection. Ozoralizumab showed a significantly higher absorption rate constant as compared with adalimumab. These results indicate that ozoralizumab enters the systemic circulation more rapidly and is distributed to the target tissues earlier and at higher levels than conventional IgG antibodies. Our investigation provides new insight into the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab in clinical practice.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is attenuated for replication in a polarized human lung epithelial cell model
Authors: Mache Christin , Schulze Jessica , Holland Gudrun , Bourquain Daniel , Gensch Jean-Marc , Oh Djin-Ye , Nitsche Andreas , Dürrwald Ralf , Laue Michael , Wolff Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants of concern remain a major threat for global health. Here we introduce an infection model based upon polarized human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus immortalized (hAELVi) cells grown at the air–liquid interface to estimate replication and epidemic potential of respiratory viruses in the human lower respiratory tract. hAELVI cultures are highly permissive for different human coronaviruses and seasonal influenza A virus and upregulate various mediators following virus infection. Our analysis revealed a significantly reduced capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants to propagate in this human model compared to earlier D614G and Delta variants, which extends early risk assessments from epidemiological and animal studies suggesting a reduced pathogenicity of Omicron.
Graph convolutional reinforcement learning for resource allocation in hybrid overlay–underlay cognitive radio network with network slicing
Authors: Yuan Siyu , Zhang Yong , Ma Tengteng , Cheng Zhenjie , Da Guo  
Published: October 2022

AbstractNowadays, wireless communication system is facing the problems of spectrum resource shortage. Cognitive radio technology allows cognitive users to use the spectrums authorized to primary users to improve the spectrum utilization. In this paper, a cognitive network model based on hybrid overlay–underlay spectrum access mode is established. To solve the resource allocation problem, a multi‐agent resource allocation algorithm based on graph convolution reinforcement learning which combines deep Q network (DQN) and graph attention network is proposed. DQN is used for action selection and graph attention network is used to obtain the information about neighbours, so as to achieve local cooperation. The proposed algorithm can adaptively optimize cognitive network throughput, spectrum efficiency, or power efficiency by controlling the transmission power and channel selection of cognitive users. To improve the information interaction efficiency, the agent's states are divided into two categories, whether it needs to interact with neighbours or not, which shortens training time and improves convergence speed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the power efficiency of cognitive networks. Compared with Q‐learning, DQN and exiting graph convolutional reinforcement learning algorithm, the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher stability, and obtains higher network power efficiency.
Co‐planning of generation and transmission expansion planning for network resiliency improvement against extreme weather conditions and uncertainty of resiliency sources
Authors: Zare Ghaleh Seyyedi Abbas , Mahmoudi Rashid Sara , Akbari Ehsan , Nejati Seyed Ashkan , Khalafian Farshad , Siano Pierluigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeneration and transmission expansion increase the flexibility of power systems and hence their ability to deal with contingency. This paper presents a resilient‐constrained generation and transmission expansion planning (RCGTEP) model considering the occurrence of earthquakes and floods. The proposed model minimizes the investment and operation costs of resiliency sources (RSs) and resiliency (blackout) costs arising from the outage of the network against the occurrence of extreme conditions. For further consideration, uncertainties of load and RSs availability are included as a Stochastic programming model. A hybrid solver of teaching‐learning‐based optimization (TLBO) and krill herd optimization (KHO) is used to solve the proposed problem and achieve the optimal solution, including a low standard deviation in the final optimal response. The model is tested using a modified version of the IEEE 6‐Bus and IEEE 89‐Bus transmission networks. Numerical results show the potential of the mentioned approach to improve indices of operation, economics, and resiliency in the transmission network.
The feasibility of continuous basalt fibre‐reinforced polymer application to composite cross‐arms
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Mingjia , Liu Hechen , Ma Yunfan , Wang Wanxian , Dai Xiaohan , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComposite cross‐arms have the advantages of high lightning resistance but impose onerous requirements on mechanical and insulation reliability. Traditional glass fibre composites fail to meet the needs of practical applications. Basalt fibre exhibits better mechanical properties and stability than glass fibre and has potential application value. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of its application to composite cross‐arms. The mechanical, electrical, and physical properties of basalt fibre‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) were investigated and compared with glass fibre‐reinforced polymer (GFRP). The results indicate that BFRP has better thermal stability and mechanical properties than GFRP. Among them, the temperature at the maximum weight loss rate of BFRP is 14°C higher than that of GFRP, and the tensile and flexural modulus of BFRP is 43% and 29% higher than those of GFRP. Furthermore, the dielectric losses of BFRP and GFRP at 50 Hz are 2%, and the breakdown field strength is 22 kV/mm, both of which have the same insulation properties. BFRP meets the requirements of composite cross‐arm for quality and reliability to ensure the safety and stability of transmission lines. However, the interlaminar shear test and SEM show weak interfacial bonding strength between basalt fibre and resin. Furthermore, micro‐computed tomography scanning of BFRP and GFRP and 3D construction of their internal microstructures indicate that the pore defect content of BFRP reaches 0.034%, which far exceeds that of GFRP. These findings show that the wettability and adhesion between basalt fibre and resin must be improved. Developing special sizing agents for basalt fibre is necessary further to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of BFRP.
Improvement of two grid power factor control methods for matrix converter open‐end‐winding drive with common‐mode voltage elimination supplied by unbalanced grid
Authors: Stanić Luka , Ristić Leposava , Bebić Milan , Rivera Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates space‐vector‐modulation (SVM) technique that uses only rotating space vectors to drive a direct matrix converter (DMC) with zero common‐mode voltage (CMV). Two methods for controlling grid power factor have been proposed in the literature for such a drive. Until now, analysis has been limited to balanced grid conditions. However, total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid currents significantly increases under unbalanced conditions. Hence, the aims of this paper are: (1) derivation of DMC model consisting of general equations for output voltages and input currents, written in the complex form. (2) Analysis and comparison of two existing methods for grid power factor control under balanced grid conditions, by using the previously derived model. (3) Proposal of extended versions of both methods in order to improve converter's performance under unbalanced grid conditions. The proposed control strategy aims to achieve sinusoidal currents and maintain the same power factor on the grid side while completely compensating grid unbalance on the load side. (4) Determination of the maximum transfer ratio under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. Experimental results with Hardware In the Loop (HIL) are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.