bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory and Speech Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bo Duan , Huang Yue , Wang Bing , Lu Ping , Chen Wen-xia , Xu Zheng-min 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to critically assess the effect of cochlear implantation on auditory and speech performance outcomes of children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Material and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMbase, and Web of Science. The outcomes included speech recognition score, Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP), Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) score, and open-set speech perception. Results were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 15 studies was included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data showed that, there were no significant differences between ANSD and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) groups in terms of speech recognition score (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.45, 0.47; P = .959),CAP (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: −0.13, 1.54; P = .098), SIR score (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.49, 0.32; P = .667), and open-set speech perception (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.05; P = .142). Sensitivity analysis by removing individual studies one at a time showed that the overall estimate and level of heterogeneity did not change substantially. Conclusion: The current evidence suggested that children with ANSD who underwent cochlear implants achieved comparable effects in auditory and speech performance as children with non-ANSD SNHL.
Social Media Use by Residents and Faculty in Otolaryngology Training Programs
Authors: Gupta Vrinda , Braverman Stephanie J. , Mai Johnny P. , Noller Michael , Camacho Macario , Tolisano Anthony M. , Zapanta Philip E. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Despite the growth of social media in healthcare, the appropriateness of online friendships between otolaryngological residents and attendings is poorly defined in the current literature. This issue is of growing importance, particularly as residency programs increasingly utilize social media as a means of connecting with and evaluating applicants due to limited in-person experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to better understand the prevalence of and concerns surrounding social media use between residents and faculty. Methods: This study sent out 2 surveys in 2017 to all United States Otolaryngology residency program directors to disperse to their residents and attendings, respectively. Results: We received a response from 72 residents and 98 attendings. Our findings show that social media is commonly used by both residents and attendings, and most residents have at least 1 online friendship with an attending. Resident and attending opinions diverge on topics such as appropriateness of use, privacy settings, and professionalism. Conclusions: We call on residency programs to delineate a transparent social media policy so applicant expectations on social media are clear.
Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implants in Patients With Single-Sided Deafness: Objective and Subjective Evaluation
Authors: AlFarraj Ali , AlIbrahim Manal , AlHajjaj Haifa , Khater Fatima , AlGhamdi Ali , Fayad Jose 
Published: May 2022

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the audiological outcomes and subjective benefits of transcutaneous bone conduction implants (BCIs) in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 11 patients with SSD implantations between 2015 and 2018 at a tertiary center. Pure-tone audiometry, speech reception threshold (SRT), and speech-in-noise (SPIN) tests were performed. Preoperative and postoperative performances were compared. Subjective satisfaction level was assessed using validated questionnaires. A PubMed search was conducted to identify the relevant studies published to date. Results All patients demonstrated significant audiological improvements compared with their preoperative condition. The mean SRT improved significantly ( p = 0.001) from 109 dB to 23 dB after implantation. The mean SPIN score improved significantly after implantation. The questionnaires showed an overall positive benefit of transcutaneous bone conduction devices (BCDs). A literature search revealed 21 articles, of which 14 reported the use of BCIs in patients with SSD. Our results agree with the published evidence showing the overall benefit of BCI in patients with SSD. Conclusions Transcutaneous BCDs could be considered as an alternative treatment option for patients with SSD, it could show good audiological outcomes and high satisfaction levels. Further studies should be conducted on patients with SSD to determine the most appropriate hearing solutions.
Effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder: Results of the RECONNECT study
Authors: Christensen Michael Cronquist , Schmidt Simon , Grande Iria 
Published: May 2022

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with MDD and comorbid GAD. Methods: Open-label, 8-week study (NCT04220996) in 100 adult outpatients with severe MDD and severe comorbid GAD receiving vortioxetine as first treatment for the current depressive episode or switching to vortioxetine due to inadequate response to another drug for depression. Vortioxetine starting dosage was 10 mg/day, with forced up-titration to 20 mg/day after 1 week. Response was defined as ⩾50% decrease in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and/or Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) total score from baseline; remission defined as MADRS and/or HAM-A total score ⩽10. Results: Clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements from baseline in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and overall functioning and health-related quality of life, were observed after 8 weeks’ vortioxetine treatment (all changes p < 0.0001 vs baseline). At week 8, rates of MADRS response and remission were 61% and 35%, respectively. Corresponding rates of HAM-A response and remission were 55% and 42%. Response on both the MADRS and HAM-A scales was achieved by 52% of patients; 31% achieved remission on both scales. Vortioxetine dose up-titration was well tolerated; no unexpected adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Vortioxetine demonstrates effectiveness in significantly reducing symptoms of both depression and anxiety in patients with severe MDD comorbid with severe GAD. Findings support increasing vortioxetine dosage to 20 mg/day early in the course of therapy, and show that this may be achieved without compromising tolerability.
Physical Activity Interventions Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kokenge Molly C. , Ruppar Todd M. , Buchholz Susan 
Published: May 2022

Objective The purpose of this review was to identify and describe physical activity (PA) interventions that have been implemented with American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in the U.S. and Canada since 2006. Data Source Searches were conducted in 8 databases plus grey literature sources. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Eligible studies: (a) described an intervention designed to increase PA; (b) targeted AIANs residing in the U.S. or Canada, or if a multiethnic population, contained an AIAN subanalysis; (c) were published in 2006 or later; and (d) reported a PA outcome. Data Extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data, with conflicts resolved through discussion. Data Synthesis Data were synthesized by participant characteristics, intervention strategies, PA outcomes, and impact. Results We identified 25 eligible studies, most targeting children and youth. Intergenerational, environmental policy, cultural adaptation, and curriculum-based approaches were used. Twenty studies used self-reported PA measures. 80% of studies used an element of cultural adaptation, mostly considering cultural needs in design, not program or outcome evaluation. Sedentary behavior and leisure-time PA were rarely assessed. Significant changes in PA outcomes were achieved post-intervention in 13 studies (52%). Conclusion Future interventions should target AIAN adults to evaluate sedentary behavior and leisure-time PA. Interventions should incorporate psychometrically tested objective measures and prioritize the Native perspective from intervention design through project evaluation.
The effect of endplate addition on the performance of the savonius wind turbine: A 3-D study
Authors: Kassab Sadek Z , Chemengich Sammy J , Lotfy Eslam R 
Published: May 2022

The Savonius wind turbine is known for its simplicity, outstanding cost-effectiveness and low noise, making it ideal for wind energy harvesting in urban areas. However, its success is hampered by the low coefficient of performance. Several geometrical modifications have been proposed by researchers to improve its performance. The present study aims to investigate the impact of the endplate addition on the coefficient of performance of the Savonius wind turbine. The unsteady Reynolds Average Navier Stokes equations and the turbulence equations corresponding to SST κ-ω were solved using the commercial CFD package ANSYS FLUENT. An endplate-integrated 3D model and an endplate-free 3D model of the same geometrical configuration of 1 m diameter and height were simulated under the condition of tip speed ratio 0.8. The extracted results were compared with the existing experimental and numerical data under the same conditions and a close agreement was reached. The endplate-filled turbine showed a significant increase in performance. The lift and drag coefficients were enhanced by 4 and 1.8 times, respectively. Flow contours of pressure, velocity and turbulence intensity were obtained at an angular rotation of 90° where there was a maximum increase in performance to explain how the endplate brings about the change.
Clinical update on psychiatric outcome measurement: what is the purpose, what is known and what should be done about it?
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Pring William , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: May 2022

Objective To provide a clinical update on the purposes, evidence-base and recommendations for both clinician and patient-rated outcome measures in psychiatric practice. Conclusions Private and public sector funders have implemented outcome measurement systems in Australian mental healthcare, in order to improve cost-effectiveness. It is important to consider the ultimate aims of outcome measurement from various perspectives in evaluating the evidence-base, as there are a number of measurement dimensions to address. For individual clinicians, the purpose may be to guide treatment-planning, as well as to assess treatment and clinician efficacy. For patients, the purpose is to assess outcomes in terms of their goals for recovery, as well as to evaluate their satisfaction with the care provided, and their healthcare providers. The other orthogonal dimensions of measurement comprise, the proximal to illness measures of symptomatic severity, and the distal measures of disability, which apply to both clinician and patient outcomes. In turn, these measures may be used by healthcare funders in public or private sectors as proxy measures of the cost-effectiveness of psychiatric care provided. Clinical registries linked to service-mapping would provide better data for patients, providers and funders to assess the availability and effectiveness of psychiatric care in Australia.
Intranasal esketamine for depression: Not so special K
Authors: Rosenman Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Background Intranasal esketamine has been recently approved for the treatment of resistant depression. It is the only form of ketamine approved. The formulation costs around $600 per dose while plain injected ketamine, on which most research has been done, costs less than $20 per dose. Research shows that intranasal esketamine is less effective and has more unwanted effects than injected ketamine, yet the approval means that this intranasal formulation will now be the form used and researched. Conclusion While the approval of an inferior treatment mode is understandable from the processes by which medicines are approved, we should think carefully about embracing this particular form of a promising treatment.
Comparison of Managing Factor Xa Inhibitor to Unfractionated Heparin Transitions by aPTT Versus a Treatment Guideline Utilizing Heparin Anti-Xa Levels
Authors: Dingus Scott J. , Smith Alex R. , Dager William E. , Zochert Sara , Nothdurft Salli A. , Gulseth Michael P. 
Published: May 2022

Background There are inadequate data on the optimal strategy for transitioning factor Xa inhibitors (FXai; apixaban, rivaroxaban) to unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions. Objective In patients transitioning from an FXai to an UFH infusion, this study compared the safety and efficacy of monitoring UFH infusions using an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) titration scale versus utilizing an UFH-calibrated anti-Xa titration scale aided by a novel institutional guideline. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on adult patients transitioning from an FXai to an UFH infusion at 2 medical centers from June 1, 2018, to November 1, 2020. One institution utilized aPTT while the other institution primarily used UFH-calibrated anti-Xa. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, major bleeding, or new thrombosis during the hospitalization with a planned noninferiority analysis. Secondary outcomes were also collected including the amount and duration of UFH administered between cohorts. Results The incidence rate of the primary composite endpoint was 6.3% in the anti-Xa group and 11% in the aPTT group ( P < 0.001 for noninferiority, P = 0.138 for superiority) meeting noninferiority criteria. No statistical differences were seen in new thrombosis, major bleeding, or any bleeding. Conclusion and Relevance This represents the first report of a comparison between aPTT versus anti-Xa monitoring in relation to clinical outcomes for patients transitioning from an FXai to an UFH infusion. A transition guideline primarily utilizing an UFH-calibrated anti-Xa assay appears to be a safe alternative to aPTT monitoring and can aid facilities in the management of patients during these complex transitions.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on the expression of inflammatory mediators in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Yang Yelin , Somani Sohel 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To determine differences in inflammatory markers expressed in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with treatment naive DME were enrolled in the study. They were stratified into 2 groups based on Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) from overnight polysomnography: OSA + (AHI ≥ 15) and OSA – (AHI<15). Multiplex immunoassay was performed for aqueous and serum cytokines including VEGF, placental growth factor (PGF), ICAM, IL2, IL3, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL17, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1), monocyte attractant protein-1 (MCP1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.004 using Bonferroni correction. Results 32 DME positive patients were enrolled in the study; of which 17 patients were OSA + and 15 OSA-. The OSA + cohort had significantly higher levels of serum EGF (p = 0.003), and trended towards higher levels of most serum cytokines including ICAM and IL6. OSA- cohort had significantly higher levels of aqueous IL17 compared to the OSA + cohort (2.97 ± 1.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.46 pg/mL, p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in other aqueous cytokines. Conclusions OSA + group trended towards higher levels of most serum inflammatory markers, suggesting a greater pro-inflammatory state. However, they did not have significantly greater level of aqueous cytokines.
Providing access to high-quality, low-cost medicines across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), working with governments and generic manufacturers around the globe - A business case
Authors: Alton Gregg , Samuel Clifford , Reddi Anand 
Published: May 2022

Background Gilead Sciences, under Dr. John Martin’s leadership, created its Global Access Program to deliver high-quality, affordable medicines to treat and ultimately eliminate some of the world’s most challenging-to-treat, pervasive, life-limiting diseases not as philanthropy but based on a self-sustaining business model—a highly novel concept in the pharmaceutical realm. John was determined to bring together all key stakeholders from public health officials to doctors and patients around the globe to understand barriers and opportunities in HIV, viral hepatitis, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and in so doing, pushed the Gilead team to devise novel strategies to address healthcare disparities in resource-challenged geographies. Purpose This case study provides an overview of the evolution and impact of the Gilead Access to Medicines Program in providing treatments for HIV in low- and lower middle-income countries.
The association between self-reported psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation and disability among adolescents in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Bjereld Ylva , Augustine Lilly , Turner Russell , Löfstedt Petra , Ng Kwok 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To analyse the associations between bullying victimisation, disability, and self-reported psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, and to investigate the role of support from parents and teachers in such associations. Methods: The study was based on Finnish and Swedish data from two waves (2013/2014 and 2017/2018) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey ( n=16,057). Descriptive statistics were produced for four groups of adolescents: (a) bullied with disabilities; (b) not bullied with disabilities; (c) bullied without disabilities; and (d) not bullied without disabilities (reference group). Two multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were performed for the Finnish and Swedish samples separately. The first model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation, controlling for a range of confounders. The second model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and social support from parents and teachers. Results: Across both countries, bullied adolescents with disabilities were more likely to self-report psychosomatic complaints than the reference group, even after adjusting for other potential confounders. Teacher support was identified as a potential protective factor as the odds ratio for psychosomatic complaints decreased when including teacher support as a factor in the model. The association with parent support showed mixed findings in Finland and Sweden. Conclusions: Disability in combination with bullying victimisation generated the highest levels of self-reported psychosomatic complaints compared to adolescents that were not bullied nor had disabilities. High teacher support may be a protective factor against psychosomatic complaints for bullied and/or disabled adolescents.
A Systematic Review on Improving the Family Experience After Consent for Deceased Organ Donation
Authors: Bjelland Sonja , Jones Krista 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The demand for transplanted organs outweighs the supply and intensifies the need to improve care for donor families. Studies have shown inadequate care by hospital staff can increase posttraumatic stress disorder and complicated grief in these families but putting solutions into practice remains slow. Objective This systematic review identified factors that relieve or contribute to distress for deceased organ donor families in the time since the decision to donate. Additionally, it provides insights into potential improvements at public health, educational, and health system levels to address these deficiencies. Methods Search terms included organ don*, famil* or relati*, family-centered, grief, and experience*. The search covered original research articles, published in English, from 2014 to July 2021. Results Four key themes emerged among the studies. (a) Understanding factors that affect the emotional aftermath can help staff prevent posttraumatic stress disorder and complicated grief. (b) Improving communication by hospital staff includes: avoiding medical jargon, providing adequate audio and visual explanations, and understanding that the next of kin is struggling to comprehend the tragedy and the information they are being told. (c) End-of-life care such as memory making, bringing in palliative care resources, and parting ceremonies can assist with familial coping as well as staff interactions. (d) Families want more support in the months and years after the donation decision. Discussion Changes at multiple levels can improve the quality of care for families whose relative gave the gift of life, but more research and translation into practice are needed.
Antibacterial easy adjustable woven compression bandage for venous leg ulcers
Authors: Aboalasaad Abdelhamid R , Khan Muhammad Z , Sirková Brigita K , Wiener Jakub , Šlamborová Irena , Khalil Amany S , Hassanin Ahmed H. 
Published: May 2022

The proposed study aims in first part to discuss the structure and behavior of short-stretch cotton woven compression bandage (WCB), and in second part the production and properties of multifunctional WCB. The bandage includes an integrated tension sensor, which causes a change in the spacing of colored threads during its deformation. The motivation of this research was to investigate the optimum techniques for compression therapy using a modified construction of cotton WCB as a tensiometer. The aim of second part is focused on an industrial product which has the easy adjustable compression and antibacterial properties. Multifunctional WCB can be produced by two methods, the first was using highly twisted warp yarns (ply twist 1800 to 2200 twist/m) and the weft yarns will be treated with silver Nano-particles (NPs). The second method was post-treatment of the WCB with three concentrations of zinc oxide NPs 1–3 % in powder form with 15 g/L acrylic binder. Silver NPs coated yarns showed a comparable antibacterial activity on both tested bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using quantitative and qualitative test methods. The WCB tested samples achieved 95–99% bacteria reduction, the nanoparticles size and its distribution were confirmed by the Zetasizer Nano, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The practical bandage pressure by PicoPress showed significant deviations compared with theoretical pressure calculated by Laplace’s equation ranges ±0.68 to ±15.64% especially at the highest extension levels.