bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary culture of germ cells that portray stem cell characteristics and recipient preparation for autologous transplantation in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Yuan Huaqin , Sun Jiachen , Wang Shengnan , Xiang Ziyi , Yang Fan , Yan Yaping , Duan Yanchao , Li Lufan , Wu Xin , Si Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFertility preservation for prepubertal cancer patients prior to oncologic treatment is an emerging issue, and non‐human primates are considered to constitute suitable models due to the limited availability of human testicular tissues. However, the feasibility of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) propagation in vitro and autologous testicular germ cell transplantation in vivo requires further exploration in monkeys. Herein, we characterized germ cells in macaque testes at 6 months (M), 18 M and 60 M of age, and effectively isolated the spermatogenic cells (including the spermatogonia) from macaque testes with high purity (over 80%) using combined approaches of STA‐PUT separation, Percoll gradients and differential plating. We also generated recipient monkey testes with ablated endogenous spermatogenesis using the alkylating agent busulfan in six macaques, and successfully mimicked autologous cell transplantation in the testes under ultrasonographic guidance. The use of trypan blue led to successful intratubular injection in 4 of 4 testes. Although SSCs in culture showed no significant propagation, we were able to maintain monkey testicular germ cells with stem cell characteristics for up to 3 weeks. Collectively, these data provided meaningful information for future fertility preservation and SSC studies on both non‐human primates and humans.
Light and scanning electron microscopy of the effects of Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957) on the skin of the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Maduenyane Mpho , Dos Santos Quinton Marco , Avenant‐Oldewage Annemariè 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) is one of the two most actively cultured freshwater fish in Africa and therefore, economically important. Specimens of this species were purchased from a fish farm near Hartbeespoort Dam (North West, South Africa) and introduced into the tanks of the research aquarium in the Department of Zoology at the University of Johannesburg. However, the skin of these fish was infected with Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957), which proliferated profusely in the favourable conditions of the aquarium, posing a potential threat to its host. The current study was aimed at examining the pathology caused by M. congolensis on the skin of C. gariepinus. Species identification of the parasite was confirmed using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DNA barcoding of the internal transcribed spacer region. Examination of the pathology was studied using LM of haematoxylin and eosin–stained sections (epoxy embedded) and SEM of parasites attached to the hosts’ skin. Infected skin exhibited excessive mucus production, corroborated by an increased number of mucus cells alongside proliferated and abnormally enlarged club cells, resulting in varying thickness of the epidermal layer. At the site of attachment, the basement membrane detached from the dermis. Hamulus points and marginal hooks of the parasite pierce through the hosts’ skin resulting in tearing. Epidermal cells and melanin granules were observed in the intestinal lumen of the parasite. Melanin granules were absorbed by the parasite's intestinal epithelium confirming that the parasite feeds on host skin tissue.
Nfatc1+ colonic stem cells contribute to regeneration upon colitis
Authors: Wang Jianyang , Shang Linkuo , Zhang Jiahui , Yu Zhengquan , Huang Jiaqiang , Jin Jing , Lv Cong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColonic stem cells play important roles in both normal epithelial turnover and injury repair. Lgr5+ colonic stem cells are highly susceptible to DSS‐induced damage. However, it is still unclear how colonic stem cells regenerate injured epithelium during colitis. Here, we explored the functions of a new population of NFATc1+ colonic stem cells in experimental colitis.MethodsNfatc1+ colonic stem cells were labeled using Nfatc1CreERT2;R26mTmG reporter mice. Immunostaining assays were used to detect Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and intestinal stem/progenitor cells. We performed lineage tracing assay to investigate whether Nfatc1+ cells are real colonic stem cells using Nfatc1CreERT2;R26mTmG mice. The contribution of Nfatc1+ stem cells on epithelial regeneration was detected in experimental colitis induced by DSS.ResultsNfatc1‐reporter marked cells are enriched for +3 to +5 position in colonic crypts, and they are overlapped with Sox9+ cells and Hopx+ cells that have been identified as stem cells in small intestine. However, Nfatc1‐reporter marked cells are not overlapped with Lgr5+ colonic stem cells, as well as differentiated goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells. Furthermore, Nfatc1‐reporter marked cells are able to give rise to all lineages of the colonic epithelium, and they preferentially contribute to the regeneration of colonic epithelium in DSS‐induced experimental colitis.ConclusionNfatc1+ cells were identified as a novel population of colonic stem cells that are primarily located at +3 to +5 position and contribute to epithelial regeneration during colitis.
Laboratory investigation of pheromone pre‐exposure in Lobesia botrana males indicates minor role of desensitization in the field
Authors: Gavara Aitor , Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Primo Jaime , Vacas Sandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe role of desensitization in mating disruption (MD) of European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Dennis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is studied by exposing males to different airborne pheromone concentrations for various time intervals prior to evaluate their behavioural response. By using different types of dispensers, male moths are exposed to three decreasing pheromone concentrations (up to the minimum concentration able to desensitize them) for 1, 3, and 24 h. The airborne pheromone concentration present in all treatments is accurately quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry equipment to compare these data with actual airborne pheromone concentrations under field conditions. The effect of pheromone exposure on L. botrana males is studied in wind tunnel and electroantennogram assays, immediately and 24 h after the exposure period. Results show that the reduction of response to the pheromone depended on the dose and the duration of the treatment, but the lowest dose tested did not produce desensitization. These results support that the most important mechanisms of MD acting in fields treated against EGVM are the competitive ones and that the non‐competitive ones only may become relevant very close to pheromone dispensers. Our results support the hypothesis of cross‐adaptation to other chemical stimuli in the pre‐exposed moths to their pheromone although more studies are needed to draw stronger conclusions.
Cognitive function and associated factors in older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xie Xia , He Jie , Du Jiao , Chen Yuqing , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of cognition status and its associated factors permit targeted interventions. This study aimed to: (i) investigate cognitive function of Chinese older adults using a large, nationally representative cohort; and (ii) explore its associated factors from aspects of socio‐demographic, health behaviour, physical and mental health.MethodsData on 2665 adults aged 65 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study wave 4 in 2018 were analyzed. Information on self‐reported cognition status, socio‐demographic characteristics, health behaviour, physical and mental health status were obtained. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to explore associated factors.ResultsThe cognition score was 24.8, with 41.1% of Chinese older adults identified as cognitively impaired. Better cognition was associated with being married, more education, living in a city/town or urban–rural integration zone, moderate night‐time sleep (5–9 h) and post‐lunch napping (less than 90 min), moderate/light physical activity for 30 min to 2 h every day, socially active and good health status; while worse cognition was associated with older age, intensive physical activity every day and more than 4 h a day, greater dependency in activities of daily living and depression.ConclusionsCognitive impairment is a common health problem in Chinese older adults. Its associated factors are multifaceted, including socio‐demographic characteristics, health behaviour and physical and mental health status. Developing interventions focused on these factors may be an important part of optimising cognition in these populations.
An integrative agent‐based vertical evacuation risk assessment model for near‐field tsunami hazards
Authors: Chen Chen , Mostafizi Alireza , Wang Haizhong , Cox Dan , Chand Cadell 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study couples FN‐curves with Agent‐based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) to assess risk for tsunamis with various recurrence intervals . By considering both expected number of casualties and the likelihood of tsunami events, multiple series of simulations and in‐depth analyses determine (1) how vertical evacuation structure (VES) placement impacts mortality rate; (2) what the best evacuation strategies VES locations are; and (3) where evacuees are likely to be caught by tsunami waves. The results from utilizing FN‐curves to conduct disaggregative analyses based on six tsunami scenarios indicate that choosing one tsunami scenario or averaging the risk of different scenarios may not fully articulate VES impacts due to the “levee effect,” which potentially leads to false positives. Findings show that placing VESs close to shorelines saves nearby at‐risk populations, but also results in two risk increasing phenomena: “exposure to risk” (i.e., evacuees being attracted to high risk roads by a VES when evacuating) and “blind zones” (i.e., locations near a VES where evacuees increase their risk by evacuating to that VES). When limited to one VES, placement near a population's centroid results in the lowest mortality rate. More than one VES may lower mortality rate further if VESs are spreading out according to community's topography. In addition to the analysis of tsunamis, the approach of coupling FN‐curves with ABMS can be used by local authorities and engineers to determine tailored hard‐adaptive measures and evacuation strategies, which helps to avoid maladaptive actions in different hazardous events.
Examining the barriers and facilitators for Māori accessing injury and rehabilitation services: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nelson Vicky , Lambert Michelle , Richard Lauralie , Derrett Sarah , Wyeth Emma 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInjury accounts for 10% of the global burden of disease. While the literature is scarce, research investigating injury among Indigenous populations has found incidence and prevalence rates are higher, compared with non-Indigenous populations. New Zealand is no exception; Māori have higher rates of injury and disability compared with non-Māori. Given the burden of injury for Māori, this scoping review aims to identify, understand and map available literature related to the barriers and facilitators to accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in New Zealand.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted to identify the relevant literature and provide an opportunity to highlight key concepts and research gaps in the literature. This work will be guided by the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and will be underpinned by Kaupapa Māori research principles. The overall project is also be guided by a Māori advisory group. Database searches, for example, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus and Embase, will be used to identify empirical literature, and Google, New Zealand government websites and relevant non-government organisations will be used to identify relevant grey literature.Ethics and disseminationTo the best of our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to systematically examine the currently available literature relating to the barriers and facilitators of accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in New Zealand. Ethical approval was not required for this scoping review. Dissemination will include publication of the scoping review findings in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as presentations at conferences, to the project’s advisory group, and staff working in the field of Māori disability and rehabilitation.
Depression, anxiety and insomnia among frontline healthcare workers amid the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Oteir Alaa O , Nazzal Mohammad S , Jaber Ala'a F , Alwidyan Mahmoud T , Raffee Liqaa A 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and insomnia among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in Jordan.MethodsA cross-sectional design was conducted among 122 frontline HCWs who have dealt with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. The study survey included standardised questionnaires of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were collected online during the active surge period of cases from 11 May 2020 to 13 June 2020. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsA total of 122 HCWs participated in the study (response rate=64.2%). Among the participants, 44.3% were physicians, 32.8% were nurses and 17.2% were paramedics. The mean age of participants was 32.1 (±5.8) years, and the majority were males (80.3%). The mean scores for GAD-7, PHQ-9 and ISI were 8.5 (±5.2), 9.5 (±5.7) and 11.2 (±6.4), respectively. Results showed that the participants reported severe symptoms of anxiety (29.5%), depression (34.5%) and insomnia (31.9%), with no observed differences based on gender, job title, marital status or educational level. Moreover, in the multivariate linear regression, none of the independent factors were associated with GAD-7, PHQ-9 or ISI scores, and the only exception was increased severity of insomnia among paramedics.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has exerted strenuous emotional, psychological and physical pressures on the health of frontline HCWs.
Association of maternal socioeconomic status and race with risk of congenital heart disease: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Miao Qun , Dunn Sandra , Wen Shi Wu , Lougheed Jane , Maxwell Cynthia , Reszel Jessica , Hafizi Kaamel , Walker Mark 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the interrelationships between maternal socioeconomic status (SES), race and congenital heart diseases (CHD) among infants.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Study settingOntario, Canada.Study populationAll singleton stillbirths and live births born in hospitals between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2018 in Ontario, Canada (n=804 292).OutcomeCHD.AnalysisMultivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess associations between maternal neighbourhood household income, education level, race and CHD while adjusting for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-existing health conditions, substance use during pregnancy, maternal rural residence and infant’s sex.ResultsCompared with infants whose mothers lived in the highest median household income neighbourhoods, infants whose mothers lived in the lowest median income neighbourhoods had a higher likelihood of having CHD (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24). Compared with infants whose mothers lived in neighbourhoods with more people with a university or higher degree, those infants whose mothers lived in neighbourhoods with less people with a university or higher degree had a higher chance of developing CHD (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.36). Compared with white mothers, black mothers had a higher odds of giving birth to a child with CHD (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.54). No association was detected between White and Asian mothers and CHD among infants.ConclusionsOur study indicates that there are inequities in CHD burden by maternal SES and race in Ontario, Canada. Further investigation is needed to examine racial variation in CHD using more detailed ethnic data.
Diaphragm ultrasound to evaluate the antagonistic effect of sugammadex on rocuronium after liver surgery in patients with different liver Child-Pugh grades: study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, non-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sun Shujun , Sun Yan , Chen Rui , Yao Chunlin , Xia Haifa , Chen Xiangdong , Lin Yun , Yao Shanglong 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe use of muscle relaxants is an indispensable in the general anaesthesia but is prone to accidents, which are often related to residual muscle relaxant. Therefore, how to timely and effectively eliminate the residual effect of muscle relaxants after surgery has become an urgent clinical problem. Rocuronium is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant that is primarily metabolised by the liver. Patients with liver dysfunction can affect the metabolic process of rocuronium, thereby delaying the recovery of muscle relaxation. Sugammadex (SUG) is a novel-specific antagonist of aminosteroidal muscle relaxants, which can effectively antagonise muscle relaxants at different depths. However, whether liver dysfunction affects the antagonistic effect of SUG against rocuronium has not been reported. Therefore, we hypothesise that with the increase of patients’ liver Child-Pugh grade, the recovery time of rocuronium antagonised by the same dose of SUG after surgery will be prolonged, and the incidence of muscle relaxation residual will be increased in the short term.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, double-blind, low-intervention, non-randomised controlled clinical trial involving 99 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ⅰ–Ⅲ, body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, who will undergo laparoscopic radical resection of liver cancer under general anaesthesia in the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Ultrasonography will be applied to monitor the change rate of diaphragm thickness at different time after extubation to evaluate the occurrence of residual muscle relaxant, which indirectly reflects the dose–effect relationship of SUG antagonising against rocuronium in patients with different liver Child-Pugh grades preoperatively.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (UHCT21012). The findings will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT05028088.
Factors associated with the longer-term unmet supportive care needs of stroke survivors in Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Tamrat Edna Gebremichael , Gufue Zenawi Hagos , Getachew Sefonias , Yifru Yared Mamushet , Gizaw Muluken 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of the longer-term unmet supportive care needs and associated factors among adult stroke survivors.DesignInstitutional-based multicentre cross-sectional study.SettingBetween 1 March 2020 and 31 May 2020, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsAdult stroke survivors (aged ≥18 years, n=422), diagnosed with a stroke at least 6 months before the study period and who started regular follow-up at the neurology outpatient clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported longer-term supportive care needs.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty-six (53.6%) stroke survivors had longer-term unmet supportive care needs, and 196 (46.4%) survivors had no longer-term unmet supportive care needs. Information need about stroke was reported by 416 (98.6%), and how to travel on public transportation was reported by 340 (80.6%) survivors. These were the most frequently reported unmet needs. Stroke survivors’ longer-term unmet supportive care needs were significantly associated with being hypertensive with (adjusted OR (AOR) 4.59; 95% CI 2.61 to 8.07), having heart disease with (AOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.19 to 3.82), moderate and above level of disability according to the modified Rankin Scale score with (AOR 26.4; 95% CI 8.61 to 80.92) and unable to use the physiotherapy service with (AOR 2.85; 95% CI of 1.63 to 4.99).ConclusionsThere are significant longer-term unmet supportive care needs among adult stroke survivors. The factors associated with longer-term unmet supportive care needs were; having comorbidities, moderate and above level of disability according to the modified Rankin Scale score and unable to use the physiotherapy service. The development of appropriate services to address the longer-term unmet supportive care needs of stroke survivors is warranted.
Development of an algorithm to classify primary care electronic health records of alcohol consumption: experience using data linkage from UK Biobank and primary care electronic health data sources
Authors: Fraile-Navarro David , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Agrawal Utkarsh , Jani Bhautesh , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi , Currie Dorothy , Baldacchino Alexander , Sullivan Frank 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesDevelop a novel algorithm to categorise alcohol consumption using primary care electronic health records (EHRs) and asses its reliability by comparing this classification with self-reported alcohol consumption data obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe UKB, a population-based cohort with participants aged between 40 and 69 years recruited across the UK between 2006 and 2010.ParticipantsUKB participants from Scotland with linked primary care data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCreate a rule-based multiclass algorithm to classify alcohol consumption reported by Scottish UKB participants and compare it with their classification using data present in primary care EHRs based on Read Codes. We evaluated agreement metrics (simple agreement and kappa statistic).ResultsAmong the Scottish UKB participants, 18 838 (69%) had at least one Read Code related to alcohol consumption and were used in the classification. The agreement of alcohol consumption categories between UKB and primary care data, including assessments within 5 years was 59.6%, and kappa was 0.23 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.24). Differences in classification between the two sources were statistically significant (p<0.001); More individuals were classified as ‘sensible drinkers’ and in lower alcohol consumption levels in primary care records compared with the UKB. Agreement improved slightly when using only numerical values (k=0.29; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.31) and decreased when using qualitative descriptors only (k=0.18;95% CI 0.16 to 0.20).ConclusionOur algorithm classifies alcohol consumption recorded in Primary Care EHRs into discrete meaningful categories. These results suggest that alcohol consumption may be underestimated in primary care EHRs. Using numerical values (alcohol units) may improve classification when compared with qualitative descriptors.