bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directing the Self‐Assembly of Aromatic Foldamer Helices using Acridine Appendages and Metal Coordination
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFolded molecules provide complex interaction interfaces amenable to sophisticated self‐assembly motifs. Because of their high conformational stability, aromatic foldamers constitute suitable candidates for the rational elaboration of self‐assembled architectures. Several multiturn helical aromatic oligoamides have been synthesized that possess arrays of acridine appendages pointing in one or two directions. The acridine units were shown to direct self‐assembly in the solid state via aromatic stacking leading to recurrent helix‐helix association patterns under the form of discrete dimers or extended arrays. In the presence of Pd(II), metal coordination of the acridine units overwhelms other forces and generates new metal‐mediated multihelical self‐assemblies, including macrocycles. These observations demonstrate simple access to different types of foldamer‐containing architectures, ranging from discrete objects to 1D and, by extension, 2D and 3D arrays.
Anion Recognition with Antimony(III) and Bismuth(III) Triaryl‐Based Pnictogen Bonding Receptors
Authors: Kuhn Heike , Docker Andrew , Beer Paul D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of a library of acyclic antimony(III) and bismuth(III) triaryl pnictogen bonding (PnB) receptor systems are reported. In the first‐generation receptor series, quantitative 1H NMR chloride titration experiments in THF solvent media reveal halide anion binding potency is intimately correlated with both the electronic‐withdrawing nature of the aryl‐ substituent and the polarisability of the PnB donor. Further extensive anion binding investigations with the most potent Sb‐ and Bi‐based PnB receptors: 1⋅Sb2CF3 and 1⋅Bi2CF3, reveal novel selectivity profiles, both displaying Cl− selectivity relative to the heavier halides and, impressively, to a range of highly basic oxoanions. The synthesis and preliminary chloride anion binding studies of a series of novel tripodal tris‐proto‐triazole triaryl Sb(III) and Bi(III) mixed PnB‐HB receptor systems are also described. Whereas parent triphenyl Sb(III) and Bi(III) compounds are incapable of binding Cl− in THF solvent media, the PnB‐triazole HB host systems exhibit notable halide affinity.
Loss of MEN1 leads to renal fibrosis and decreases HGF‐Adamts5 pathway activity via an epigenetic mechanism
Authors: Jin Bangming , Zhu Jiamei , Zhou Yuxia , Liang Li , Yang Yunqiao , Xu Lifen , Zhang Tuo , Li Po , Pan Ting , Guo Bing , Chen Tengxiang , Li Haiyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis is a serious condition that results in the development of chronic kidney diseases. The MEN1 gene is an epigenetic regulator that encodes the menin protein and its role in kidney tissue remains unclear.MethodsKidney histology was examined on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Masson’s trichrome staining and Sirius red staining were used to analyze renal fibrosis. Gene and protein expression were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining in the kidney tissues from mice or patients was used to evaluate protein levels. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distributions and apoptosis. RNA‐sequencing was performed for differential expression genes in the kidney tissues of the Men1f/f and Men1∆/∆ mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was carried out for identification of menin‐ and H3K4me3‐enriched regions within the whole genome in the mouse kidney tissue. ChIP‐qPCR assays were performed for occupancy of menin and H3K4me3 at the gene promoter regions. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the promoter activity. The exacerbated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models in the Men1f/f and Men1∆/∆ mice were used to assess the pharmacological effects of rh‐HGF on renal fibrosis.ResultsThe expression of MEN1 is reduce in kidney tissues of fibrotic mouse and human diabetic patients and treatment with fibrotic factor results in the downregulation of MEN1 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Disruption of MEN1 in RTECs leads to high expression of α‐SMA and Collagen 1, whereas MEN1 overexpression restrains epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF‐β treatment. Conditional knockout of MEN1 resulted in chronic renal fibrosis and UUO‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which is associated with an increased induction of EMT, G2/M arrest and JNK signaling. Mechanistically, menin recruits and increases H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (Adamts5) genes and enhances their transcriptional activation. In the UUO mice model, exogenous HGF restored the expression of Adamts5 and ameliorated renal fibrosis induced by Men1 deficiency.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that MEN1 is an essential antifibrotic factor in renal fibrogenesis and could be a potential target for antifibrotic therapy.
Performance analysis for energy efficient communications aided by UAV with reconfigurable intelligent surface
Authors: Liu Jinbo , Sun Shaohui 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe continuous growth of wireless connectivity and the emergence of the concept of the Internet of Everything in the future sixth‐generation (6G) network require a new communication paradigm. Different from the prior works that focus on performance optimization for communication networks, in this paper, we attempt to analyze the energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communication aided by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) which is a new disruptive technology, for the reason that UAV has the line‐of‐sight (LoS) link transmission and flexibility and RIS has the low power for improving the communication reliability and network coverage. At firstly, when central limit theorem (CLT) assumption is used and the number of RIS reflecting elements is large, we derive the closed‐form expression of the average signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) of each user based on the new BS‐RIS‐user communication link and RIS‐user/BS association. Following this, we further gain the energy efficiency (EE) in closed‐form based on random access between BS and user. Finally, we further show the performance of EE under certain assumptions. In particular, the offered results demonstrate that the use of the RIS can significantly improve EE due to RIS assist in improving the SINR and has very low transmission power; meanwhile, the UAV equipped with RIS can also improve EE for the reason that RIS can be used as a mobile relay to take advantage of the LoS link transmission.
Anion Responsive Molecular Switch Based on a Doubly Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Helttunen Kaisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA calix[4]pyrrole receptor bearing two proximally meso‐meso linking isophthaloyl straps displays open and closed states depending on the calix[4]pyrrole conformation. In the crystal structures and in non‐polar solvent, the calix[4]pyrrole adopts open 1,3‐alternate conformation with straps on the sides. Anion binding triggers a closed state of the receptor providing two types of interactions with an aromatic benzoate guest: hydrogen bonds from the pyrrolic NH groups and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions from the phenyl groups of the straps. Slow exchange dynamics was observed on the NMR timescale indicating that benzoate, acetate and chloride anions, which bind with relatively low affinity get kinetically trapped in the receptor as insects in a Venus flytrap.
Vestibular Sensory Conflict During Postural Control, Freezing of Gait, and Falls in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Kanel Prabesh , van Emde Boas Miriam , Roytman Stiven , Kerber Kevin A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe vestibular system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of episodic motor impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD), but specific evidence remains lacking.ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between the presence of freezing of gait and falls and postural failure during the performance on Romberg test condition 4 in patients with PD.MethodsModified Romberg sensory conflict test, fall, and freezing‐of‐gait assessments were performed in 92 patients with PD (70 males/22 females; mean age, 67.6 ± 7.4 years; Hoehn and Yahr stage, 2.4 ± 0.6; mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 26.4 ± 2.8).ResultsFailure during Romberg condition 4 was present in 33 patients (35.9%). Patients who failed the Romberg condition 4 were older and had more severe motor and cognitive impairments than those without. About 84.6% of all patients with freezing of gait had failure during Romberg condition 4, whereas 13.4% of patients with freezing of gait had normal performance (χ2 = 15.6; P < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the regressor effect of Romberg condition 4 test failure for the presence of freezing of gait (Wald χ2 = 5.0; P = 0.026) remained significant after accounting for the degree of severity of parkinsonian motor ratings (Wald χ2 = 6.2; P = 0.013), age (Wald χ2 = 0.3; P = 0.59), and cognition (Wald χ2 = 0.3; P = 0.75; total model: Wald χ2 = 16.1; P < 0.0001). Patients with PD who failed the Romberg condition 4 (45.5%) did not have a statistically significant difference in frequency of patients with falls compared with patients with PD without abnormal performance (30.5%; χ2 = 2.1; P = 0.15).ConclusionsThe presence of deficient vestibular processing may have specific pathophysiological relevance for freezing of gait, but not falls, in PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Friend or Foe? Soldiers and Civilians in Helsinki, 1747–1807
Authors: Gustafsson Sofia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe construction of the sea fortress Sveaborg outside Helsinki started in 1748 and caused an enormous influx of military staff into town; the soldiers far outnumbered the civilian population. The locals’ hospitality towards the army was not voluntary; the law obliged all burghers to accommodate military staff in their own homes. The biggest risks when soldiers arrived in town were related to public health, public order, and the billeting of soldiers. In mid-eighteenth-century Helsinki public health was not yet a concern, but the large-scaled billeting was an acute problem. Public order was a pressing concern too, to avoid conflicts the social order had to be maintained, everyone should know their proper places and behave accordingly. Since the army arrived in peacetime to its own country, the army and the local authorities constantly negotiated about the terms of the hospitality to maintain a safe and peaceful co-existence. The townsmen remained masters of their own houses and their own town, but they still had to submit to the state, the social hierarchies, and the common good. But the billeting also provided new economic opportunities for the burghers in the tavern and alcohol business, as well as skilled workforce for bold entrepreneurs.
Spaces of Hospitality on the Missionary Baltic Rim, Tenth–Twelfth Centuries
Authors: Jezierski Wojtek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies examples of confrontations between missionary guests and pagan host communities on the Baltic Rim from the late tenth to mid-twelfth centuries to uncover the spatial dynamics and intercultural articulations of hospitality in Christianization contexts. In terms of method, the chapter focuses on the functional, political, and symbolic mechanisms structuring collective production spaces of hospitality during such encounters. The addressed problems consider how spaces of hospitality were practically and discursively produced and negotiated through such meetings. It delves also into the ways arrival of this special type of Christian strangers and guests was contained in terms of power relations and security measures. And, finally, how these interactions involved and oscillated between hospitable and hostile attitudes. The results point out the deeply ambiguous, volatile, and heavily contested nature of spaces of hospitality in the Christianization of the Baltic Rim, both for missionary agents and for the host communities receiving/rejecting them.
Merchants and Guests: Laws and Conditions of Baltic Trade Hospitality, Twelfth–Fourteenth Centuries
Authors: Boestad Tobias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn the medieval Baltic Rim, foreign merchants staying in town for their trade were usually called “guests.” This linguistic connection between otherwise very different languages raises the question of whether, and how far, the medieval coastal societies around the Baltic Sea may have shared common conceptions of trade hospitality and securitization of foreign presence. This paper departs from a critique of the German/Catholic chroniclers’ guest-perspective division of the Baltic people into hospitable and unhospitable communities and argues that trade hospitality was an ambivalent enterprise that was never unconditional and always negotiated between the guests and their hosts. Indeed, from the latter’s perspective, treaties with foreign merchants raised the question of the level of safety they were prepared to provide. This meant considering not only in which ways they could benefit from their openness, but also to what extent they were ready to commit themselves toward the strangers and to protect them. In any case, trade hospitality was never unconditional, and the status of guests included rules and boundaries, such as reciprocity or peacekeeping that the rulers and the local populations expected the foreign merchants to abide by. If they did not, the hosts had to find ways to force them to comply with their expectations—if possible without them off.
Social Cognition in Adolescents with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): Evidence from the Social Attribution Task
Authors: Forrest Claire L. , Lloyd-Esenkaya Vanessa , Gibson Jenny L. , St Clair Michelle C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial cognition impairments may explain social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) in individuals with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). In a novel approach, the Social Attribution Task (SAT) was used to examine this association. SAT narratives were coded from 53 participants [n = 26 DLD; n = 27 typical language development (TLD)] matched on age (Mage = 13;6) and gender (35.9% female). Parents reported SEBD. Adolescents with DLD performed worse than their TLD peers on the majority of SAT indices and had higher peer (d = 1.09) and emotional problems (d = .75). There was no association between social cognition abilities and SEBD. These exploratory findings suggest social cognition should be further examined in this population.
Lemongrass Plant as Potential Sources of Reinforcement for Biocomposites: A Preliminary Experimental Comparison Between Leaf and Culm Fibers
Authors: Fiore Vincenzo , Badagliacco Dionisio , Sanfilippo Carmelo , Pirrone Roberto , Siengchin Suchart , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Botta Luigi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, the world requires more sustainable and eco-friendly materials to replace or limit the usage of synthetic materials. Moreover, several researchers focused their attention on the use of agricultural sources as reinforcement for biocomposites since they are abundant, cost-effective and environmentally favorable sources. In such a context, purpose of the present paper is the evaluation of lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon flexuosus) as possible source of natural reinforcement for biocomposites. To this aim, natural fibers were obtained from the leaf and the stem of lemongrass and their main properties were compared for the first time. To this scope, mechanical and thermal characterizations, chemical investigation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis were carried out. The experimental campaign showed that, despite having similar chemical composition (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents equal to 44–45%, 28–29% and 17%, respectively), leaf fibers possess higher mechanical properties (i.e., + 55% and + 76% in the tensile strength and modulus, respectively) than stem ones. This result can be ascribed to different factors such as larger amount of absorbed water (i.e., + 4%) and ash content (+ 2%) shown by stem fibers in addition to a more compact structure evidenced by leaf fibers which also present higher density (i.e., 1.139 g/cm3 versus 1.019 g/cm3).
Reenacting Neuroectodermal Exposure of Hematopoietic Progenitors Enables Scalable Production of Cryopreservable iPSC-Derived Human Microglia
Authors: Mathews Mona , Wißfeld Jannis , Flitsch Lea Jessica , Shahraz Anahita , Semkova Vesselina , Breitkreuz Yannik , Neumann Harald , Brüstle Oliver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman microglia, as innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a central role in the pathogenesis of a large number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, experimental access to primary human microglia for biomedical applications such as disease modeling is extremely limited. While induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide an alternative source of microglia, the reenactment of their complex ontogenesis with a yolk sac origin and subsequent priming upon CNS invasion has remained a challenge. Here, we report a developmentally informed in vitro differentiation method for large-scale production and cryopreservation of iPSC-derived microglia (iPSdMiG). Specifically, iPSCs were propagated in conditions yielding both yolk sac hematopoietic derivatives and early neuroepithelial cells. To enable large-scale production, we implemented 3D bioreactor-based dynamic culture conditions and the use of novel mesh macrocarriers. Under these conditions, microglia could be harvested across a time period of at least 6 weeks, with 1 × 106 iPSCs giving rise to up to 45 × 106 iPSdMiG. The transcriptomic profile of iPSdMiG showed high similarity to adult human microglia, and harvested cells were immunopositive for typical microglial markers. In addition, iPSdMiG were able to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, engaged in phagocytotic activity, produced reactive oxygen species and lent themselves to co-culture studies in neural 2D and 3D systems. Importantly, iPSdMiG were efficiently cryopreserved, enabling the establishment of donor-specific microglia cell banks for disease modeling, drug discovery and eventually cell therapy.
Graphical abstract
Main points.
Scalable generation of iPSC-derived multi-lineage embryoid bodies on macrocarriers, reproducibly releasing microglia exhibiting characteristic markers and function. Cells are transcriptomically similar to primary human microglia and cryopreservable.
Resilience: Myanmar students’ experiences of overcoming eLearning challenges during COVID 19 and political instability
Authors: Gomersall Steve , Floyd Alan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2020, COVID-19 forced global education online. Especially in developing countries, this change presented a challenge for those with limited access to devices and reliable electricity and Internet. Whilst some students struggled to adapt, others thrived with eLearning. This paper explores the experiences of one group of students who succeeded in overcoming not only the restrictions of COVID-19, but also significant political instability. The group has a mix of 1st year and 2nd year students in a pre-university program. The 2nd-year students in particular are noteworthy as despite the adversity faced, they have now successfully transitioned to university studies. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s (The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1979) socio-ecological framework, the data from twelve semi-structured interviews was analysed and inductively coded. The findings outline how personal goal orientation, coping mechanisms acquired in previous adverse situations, and a desire to serve their communities combine with external influences from families and communities and basic need fulfilment to enable the students to persevere and thrive. The implication is that as students draw on previous experiences, these five core concepts should be incorporated into general education to build the students’ capacity for resilience.
Life barcoded by DNA barcodes
Authors: Guo Mali , Yuan Chaohai , Tao Leyan , Cai Yafei , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe modern concept of DNA-based barcoding for cataloguing biodiversity was proposed in 2003 by first adopting an approximately 600 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene to compare via nucleotide alignments with known sequences from specimens previously identified by taxonomists. Other standardized regions meeting barcoding criteria then are also evolving as DNA barcodes for fast, reliable and inexpensive assessment of species composition across all forms of life, including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. Consequently, global DNA barcoding campaigns have resulted in the formation of many online workbenches and databases, such as BOLD system, as barcode references, and facilitated the development of mini-barcodes and metabarcoding strategies as important extensions of barcode techniques. Here we intend to give an overview of the characteristics and features of these barcode markers and major reference libraries existing for barcoding the planet’s life, as well as to address the limitations and opportunities of DNA barcodes to an increasingly broader community of science and society.