bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of mosaic-based 2 × 2 3-dB couplers for prospective on-chip communication in mid-infrared wavelengths around 2.1  µm
Authors: Muratsubaki Taichi , Fujisawa Takeshi , Sato Takanori , Saitoh Kunimasa 
Published: August 2022

We propose two types of mosaic-based

2

×

2

3-dB couplers for wavelengths around 2.1 µm. For type I, the proposed device provides excess loss of

<

0.22

dB and imbalance of

<

±
0

.

07

d
B

over the wavelength range from 2.06 to 2.14 µm. Compared with the standard multimode-interference-based

2

×

2

3-dB coupler, the imbalance is improved by

∼

0.4

d
B

. For type II, coupling length in the multimode-interference region is about three times shorter than the one based on multimode-interference theory. It provides excess loss of

<

0.49

d
B

and imbalance of

<

±
0

.

23

d
B

over the wavelength range from 2.06 to 2.14 µm. Both proposed devices show high fabrication tolerance to hole diameter variation. Especially for type II, the fabrication-tolerant direct binary search was effective to obtain such a structure. These mosaic-based

2

×

2

3-dB couplers will play an important role in highly integrated photonic circuits.
A systematic review of home-based records in maternal and child health for improving informational continuity, health outcomes, and perceived usefulness in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Joseph Linju , Lavis Anna , Greenfield Sheila , Boban Dona , Jose Prinu , Jeemon Panniyammakal , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: August 2022

Background
Evidence shows that a gap in the documentation of patients’ past medical history leads to errors in, or duplication of, treatment and is a threat to patient safety. Home-based or patient-held records (HBR) are widely used in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) in maternal and childcare. The aim is to systematically review the evidence on HBRs in LMICs for (1) improving informational continuity for providers and women/families across health care visits and facilities, (2) to describe the perceived usefulness by women/families and healthcare providers, and (3) maternal and child health outcomes of using HBRs for maternal and child health care.

Methods
The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019139365). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Global Index Medicus databases for studies with home-based records from LMICs. Search terms pertained to women or parent-held records and LMICs. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion using a priori study selection criteria- studies explaining the use of HBRs in LMIC for maternal and child health care. The included study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results from all study designs were summarised narratively.

Results
In total, 41 papers were included in the review from 4514 potential studies. Included studies represented various study designs and 16 countries. The least evaluated function of HBR was information continuity across health care facilities (n = 6). Overall, there were limited data on the usefulness of HBRs to providers and mothers/families. Home-based records were mostly available for providers during health care visits. However, the documentation in HBRs varied. The use of HBRs is likely to lead to improved antenatal visits and immunisation uptake, and skilled birth delivery in some settings. Mothers’ knowledge of breastfeeding practices and danger signs in pregnancy improved with the use of HBRs. One randomised trial found the use of HBRs reduced the risk of cognitive development delay in children and another reported on trial lessened the risk of underweight and stunted growth in children.

Conclusion
There is limited literature from LMICs on the usefulness of HBRs and for improving information transfer across healthcare facilities, or their use by women at home. Current HBRs from LMICs are sub-optimally documented leading to poor informational availability that defeats the point of them as a source of information for future providers.
Efficacy and safety of anakinra in adults presenting deteriorating respiratory symptoms from COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Audemard-Verger Alexandra , Le Gouge Amélie , Pestre Vincent , Courjon Johan , Langlois Vincent , Vareil Marc-Olivier , Devaux Mathilde , Bienvenu Boris , Leroy Vincent , Goulabchand Radjiv , Colombain Léa , Bigot Adrien , Guimard Thomas , Douadi Youcef , Urbanski Geoffrey , Faucher Jean François , Maulin Laurence , Lioger Bertrand , Talarmin Jean-Philippe , Groh Matthieu , Emmerich Joseph , Deriaz Sophie , Ferreira-Maldent Nicole , Cook Ann-Rose , Lengellé Céline , Bourgoin Hélène , Mekinian Arsène , Aouba Achille , Maillot François , Caille Agnès 
Published: August 2022

Objective
We aimed to investigate whether anakinra, an interleukin-1receptor inhibitor, could improve outcome in moderate COVID-19 patients.

Methods
In this controlled, open-label trial, we enrolled adults with COVID-19 requiring oxygen. We randomly assigned patients to receive intravenous anakinra plus optimized standard of care (oSOC) vs. oSOC alone. The primary outcome was treatment success at day 14 defined as patient alive and not requiring mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Results
Between 27th April and 6th October 2020, we enrolled 71 patients (240 patients planned to been enrolled): 37 were assigned to the anakinra group and 34 to oSOC group. The study ended prematurely by recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board due to safety concerns. On day 14, the proportion of treatment success was significantly lower in the anakinra group 70% (n = 26) vs. 91% (n = 31) in the oSOC group: risk difference—21 percentage points (95% CI, -39 to -2), odds ratio 0.23 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.91), p = 0.027. After a 28-day follow-up, 9 patients in the anakinra group and 3 in the oSOC group had died. Overall survival at day 28 was 75% (95% CI, 62% to 91%) in the anakinra group versus 91% (95% CI, 82% to 100%) (p = 0.06) in the oSOC group. Serious adverse events occurred in 19 (51%) patients in the anakinra group and 18 (53%) in the oSOC group (p = 0·89).

Conclusion
This trial did not show efficacy of anakinra in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, contrary to our hypothesis, we found that anakinra was inferior to oSOC in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.
Burnout prevalence and contributing factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey study in an urban community in Thailand
Authors: Kunno Jadsada , Supawattanabodee Busaba , Sumanasrethakul Chavanant , Wiriyasirivaj Budsaba , Yubonpunt Pataraporn 
Published: August 2022

Background
Burnout is associated with an increased risk for severe COVID-19. Few studies have examined burnout prevalence related to healthcare workers during the pandemic. This study investigated the burnout prevalence and contributing factors among HCWs, including medical staff and support staff, during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was distributed among HCWs in Bangkok, Thailand, from July–August 2021. The independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the contributing factors and burnout items. Variable factors associated with burnout among HCWs were used in multiple linear regression models.

Results
A total of 517 HCWs’ survey responses were received. Most participants were medical staff (55.3%), female (83.4%), and over the age of 35 (59.4%); most participants (65.6%) did not have any diseases but had family members that did (63.6%). The prevalence of overall burnout presented among medical staff (25.9%). The results of the multiple linear regression models found that female (vs. male, β 0.088; 95% CI 0.033, 6.614) was higher associated with overall burnout score. In addition, hours of sleep as > 6 hr./day (vs. ≤ 6 hr./day, β -0.120; 95% CI -6.012, -0.969) was lower associated with overall burnout score.

Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of addressing burnout among HCWs, in which female medical staff who slept less than six hours per day were associated with burnout. Our study further suggested that both intervention and identification are needed of frontline HCWs to prevent and reduce the risk of burnout, as the proportion of females compared to males is high. Thus, the government should provide support in these areas to prevent a humanitarian crisis.
Thromboembolic events in COVID-19 ambulatory patients: An observational study about incidence, and thromboprophylaxis outcomes
Authors: Hammami Rania , Jdidi Jihen , Chakroun Olfa , Issaoui Fadhila , Ktata Nouha , Maamri Hanen , Baklouti Mouna , Bahloul Amine , Gargouri Rania , Nasri Abdennour , Msaad Sameh , Kammoun Samy , Kammoun Samir , Rejab Imen Ben , Charfeddine Selma , Abid Leila 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThere are no clear data about the incidence and the prophylactic strategies of arterial and venous thromboembolic events (TE) in COVID-19 ambulatory patients. Thus, we conducted this study to analyze thromboembolic complications in this setting and to assess thromboprophylaxis management and outcomes in the real life.Patients and methodsThis is an observational study including Covid-19 ambulatory patients. We assessed incidence of venous and arterial TE events as well as thromboprophylaxis outcomes and hemorrhagic complications. We defined high risk thrombo-embolic factor according to the Belgian guidelines which are the only guidelines that described thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 ambulatory patients.ResultsWe included 2089 patients with a mean age of 43±16 years. The incidence of 30 days venous and arterial TE complications in our cohort was 1%. Venous thromboembolic complications occurred in 0.8% and arterial thromboembolic complications occurred in 0.3%.We noted at least one high-risk TE factor in 18.5% of patients but thromboprophylaxis was prescribed in 22.5% of the cases, LMWH in 18.1%, and Rivaroxaban in 3.7%. Hemorrhagic events occurred in eight patients (0.3%): five patients showed minor hemorrhagic events and three patients showed major ones (0.14%).ConclusionsOur study showed that the incidence of thromboembolic complications is very low in COVID-19 ambulatory patients. Paradoxically, there is an over prescription of thrombo-prophylaxis in this population.
Predictors of chronic COVID-19 symptoms in a community-based cohort of adults
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Zyskind Israel , Naiditch Hiam , Zimmerman Jason , Glatt Aaron E. , Pinter Abraham , Theel Elitza S. , Joyner Michael J. , Hill D. Ashley , Lieberman Miriam R. , Bigajer Elliot , Stok Daniel , Frank Elliot , Rosenberg Avi Z. 
Published: August 2022

Background
COVID-19 can cause some individuals to experience chronic symptoms. Rates and predictors of chronic COVID-19 symptoms are not fully elucidated.

Objective
To examine occurrence and patterns of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection (PASC) symptomatology and their relationship with demographics, acute COVID-19 symptoms and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses.

Methods
A multi-stage observational study was performed of adults (≥18 years) from 5 US states. Participants completed two rounds of electronic surveys (May-July 2020; April-May 2021) and underwent testing to anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein IgG antibody testing. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify clusters of chronic COVID-19 symptoms.

Results
Overall, 390 adults (median [25%ile, 75%ile] age: 42 [31, 54] years) with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies completed the follow-up survey; 92 (24.7%) had ≥1 chronic COVID-19 symptom, with 11-month median duration of persistent symptoms (range: 1–12 months). The most common chronic COVID-19 symptoms were fatigue (11.3%), change in smell (9.5%) or taste (5.6%), muscle or joint aches (5.4%) and weakness (4.6%). There were significantly higher proportions of ≥1 persistent COVID-19 symptom (31.5% vs. 18.6%; Chi-square, P = 0.004), and particularly fatigue (15.8% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.008) and headaches (5.4% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.011) in females compared to males. Chronic COVID-19 symptoms were also increased in individuals with ≥6 acute COVID-19 symptoms, Latent class analysis revealed 4 classes of symptoms. Latent class-1 (change of smell and taste) was associated with lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels; class-2 and 3 (multiple chronic symptoms) were associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and more severe acute COVID-19 infection.

Limitations
Ambulatory cohort with less severe acute disease.

Conclusion
Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly experience chronic symptoms, most commonly fatigue, changes in smell or taste and muscle/joint aches. Female sex, severity of acute COVID-19 infection, and higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were associated with the highest risk of having chronic COVID-19 symptoms.
Assessing risk factors for latent and active tuberculosis among persons living with HIV in Florida: A comparison of self-reports and medical records
Authors: Seneadza Nana Ayegua Hagan , Kwara Awewura , Lauzardo Michael , Prins Cindy , Zhou Zhi , Séraphin Marie Nancy , Ennis Nicole , Morano Jamie P. , Brumback Babette , Cook Robert L. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study examined factors associated with TB among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida and the agreement between self-reported and medically documented history of tuberculosis (TB) in assessing the risk factors.

Methods
Self-reported and medically documented data of 655 PLWH in Florida were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, current marital status, education, employment, homelessness in the past year and ‘ever been jailed’ and behavioural factors such as excessive alcohol use, marijuana, injection drug use (IDU), substance and current cigarette use were obtained. Health status information such as health insurance status, adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), most recent CD4 count, HIV viral load and comorbid conditions were also obtained. The associations between these selected factors with self-reported TB and medically documented TB diagnosis were compared using Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Additionally, the agreement between self-reports and medical records was assessed.

Results
TB prevalence according to self-reports and medical records was 16.6% and 7.5% respectively. Being age ≥55 years, African American and homeless in the past 12 months were statistically significantly associated with self-reported TB, while being African American homeless in the past 12 months and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were statistically significantly associated with medically documented TB. African Americans compared to Whites had odds ratios of 3.04 and 4.89 for self-reported and medically documented TB, respectively. There was moderate agreement between self-reported and medically documented TB (Kappa = 0.41).

Conclusions
TB prevalence was higher based on self-reports than medical records. There was moderate agreement between the two data sources, showing the importance of self-reports. Establishing the true prevalence of TB and associated risk factors in PLWH for developing policies may therefore require the use of self-reports and confirmation by screening tests, clinical signs and/or microbiologic data.
Drug administration errors in Latin America: A systematic review
Authors: Assunção-Costa Lindemberg , Costa de Sousa Ivellise , Alves de Oliveira Maria Rafaela , Ribeiro Pinto Charleston , Machado Juliana Ferreira Fernandes , Valli Cleidenete Gomes , de Souza Luís Eugênio Portela Fernandes 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study systematically reviewed studies to determine the frequency and nature of medication administration errors in Latin American hospitals.SummaryWe systematically searched the medical literature of seven electronic databases to identify studies on medication administration errors in Latin American hospitals using the direct observation method. Studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese between 1946 and March 2021 were included. A total of 10 studies conducted at 22 hospitals were included in the review. Nursing professionals were the most frequently observed during medication administration and were observers in four of the ten included studies. Total number of error opportunities was used as a parameter to calculate error rates. The administration error rate had a median of 32% (interquartile range 16%–35.8%) with high variability in the described frequencies (9%–64%). Excluding time errors, the median error rate was 9.7% (interquartile range 7.4%–29.5%). Four different definitions of medication errors were used in these studies. The most frequently observed errors were time, dose, and omission. Only four studies described the therapeutic classes or groups involved in the errors, with systemic anti-infectives being the most reported. None of the studies assessed the severity or outcome of the errors. The assessment of the overall risk bias revealed that one study had low risk, three had moderate risk, and three had high risk. In the assessment of the exploratory, observational, and before-after studies, two were classified as having fair quality and one as having poor quality.ConclusionThe administration error rate in Latin America was high, even when time errors were excluded. The variation observed in the frequencies can be explained by the different contexts in which the study was conducted. Future research using direct observation techniques is necessary to more accurately estimate the nature and severity of medication administration errors.
Effects of an individualized nutritional intervention on kidney function, body composition, and quality of life in kidney transplant recipients: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Morais Tássia Louise Sousa Augusto de , Souza Karla Simone Costa de , Lima Mabelle Alves Ferreira de , Pereira Maurício Galvão , Almeida José Bruno de , Oliveira Antônio Manuel Gouveia de , Sena-Evangelista Karine Cavalcanti Mauricio , de Rezende Adriana Augusto 
Published: August 2022

Background
Proteinuria after kidney transplantation (KTx) has been a frequent problem due to several factors, high protein intake being one of them. Individualized nutritional intervention in the late post-KTx period can promote the improvement or the reduction of risks associated with the parameters of evaluation of kidney function, body composition, and quality of life in individuals submitted to KTx.

Methods
This is a single-center, randomized and stratified clinical trial. The study will be conducted in a university hospital in northeastern Brazil with 174 individuals aged ≥19 years submitted to KTx and followed up for 12 months. Assessments will take place at 3-month intervals (T0, T3, T6, T9, and T12). The patients will be allocated to intervention and control groups by random allocation. The intervention group will receive individualized nutritional interventions with normoproteic diets (1.0 g/kg) after 60 days of KTx whereas the controls will receive the standard nutritional guidance for the post-KTx period. The primary efficacy variable is the change from baseline in log proteinuria assessed with the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Secondary efficacy variables include body composition, anthropometry, quality of life assessment and physical activity, lipid profile and glycemic control. Ninety-two subjects per group will afford 70% power to detect a difference of 25% between groups in log proteinuria. Primary efficacy analysis will be on the modified intention-to-treat population with between-groups comparison of the change from baseline in log proteinuria by analysis of covariance.

Discussion
The study will assess the effects of an individualized nutritional intervention on proteinuria 12 months after KTx.

Trial registration
REBEC (RBR-8XBQK5).
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of disposing and storing unused and expired medicines among the communities of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Kafle Sajala , Bhandary Shital , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi 
Published: August 2022

Background
Unused medicines can be stored by many people at their places of residence and houses for later use. This study evaluated knowledge, and attitudes regarding unused and expired medicines and explored medicine storage and disposal practices among selected households in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal.

Method
A cross-sectional study with a two-stage cluster survey design was done using a semi-structured questionnaire from April to October 2021. The sample size (total number of households) after adjusting for design effect and non-response rate was 210 and the study population was the household heads. Simple random sampling was done to select clusters during the first stage and systematic random sampling to select households during the second stage. Descriptive statistics and t-test/one-way ANOVA were used to compare the respondents’ average knowledge scores. Practice variables were presented using frequency distribution.

Results
Around half the respondents were from the Kathmandu district, nearly 20% were from Bhaktapur and 30% were from Lalitpur. Nearly two-thirds were male and about 25% had a bachelor’s degree. Nearly 90% of respondents agreed that storage of excess medicines at home may promote self-medication. Similarly, 97.6% of respondents agreed there is a lack of adequate information on the safe disposal of unused medicines. The majority [125 (59.5%)] of participants always checked the expiry date of medicines. The safe methods of medicine disposal were not known by 137 (65.2%) participants. Throwing in a dustbin was the preferred method of expired medicine disposal.

Conclusion
The level of knowledge and practice of disposing of unused and expired medicines requires improvement. Educational interventions may help improve awareness further. Creating a chart summarizing disposal procedures of common medicines is important. Similar studies in other regions are required.