bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRC4 Gene Based Pcr Assay in Diagnosis Of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Setu Sanjida Khondakar , Ahmed Sarmin , Sattar Abu Naser Ibn , Firoz Md Towfique Hasan , Hasan Md Kamrul , Sumon Mostofa Aziz 
Published: September 2022

Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging due to atypical presentation and various inadequacies of diagnostic tools. This study aimed to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay by using TRC4 primers in comparison with the IS6110 primers to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from extra pulmonary samples. This study was done in Microbiology and Immunology Department of BSMMU from 162 extra-pulmonary samples sent for laboratory investigation of M. tuberculosis during the period of March 2013 to February 2014. All patients were subjected to AFB smear by Z-N staining, culture in L-J media and PCR by two primes IS6110 and TRC4. Among EPTB cases 24 (25.26%) were positive by AFB smear and/or mycobacterial culture and 73(76.84%) cases were positive by PCR test. PCR showed significantly higher detection rate of EPTB cases than that of AFB smear and L-J medium culture (p <0.005). Only IS6110 and only TRC4 were positive in 4.1% and 12.5% cases respectively. The sensitivity of PCR using TRC4 primers was higher (85.71%) than IS6110 primers (80.95%). Repetitive elements TRC4 can be an ideal target for PCR assays to identify M. tuberculosis; in strains carrying no copies or single copy of 156110 and can play a significant role in diagnose the EPTB cases.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 12-17
Clinical Profiles of Peripartum Neurodeficit
Authors: Ahmed Md Shaik , Datta Nitai Prasad , Najir Selina , Sattar Md Abdus 
Published: September 2022

To find out the clinical profiles of peripartum neurodeficit, a prospective observational study in 23 patients was conducted from 1st July 2008 to 31st June 2009 in the department of Physical Medicine, Chittagong Medical College. Presenting neurological findings and FIM scores for self-care, sphincter control, transfer and locomotion were measured. Ambulation of the patients was paretic and dependent. Paralysed body parts were mainly both lower limbs (69.6%). Disability pattern was mainly in walking (82.6%). Reflexes of most of the patients and mostly lower limbs were affected. Muscle power was reduced in the lower limbs in 100% and in the upper limbs in 40% of the patients. Neurological profiles are measured with functional independence measure (FIM) scale. Normal FIM scores are of self-care-42, sphincter control-14, transfer-21 and locomotion-14 and combined score is 91. In the observed patients, FIM scores of selfcare were; minimum 9 to maximum 21, sphincter control 2 to 5, transfer 3 to 9, locomotion 2 to 5. Combined total FIM score was found minimum 16 to maximum 49 and mean 36.70 + 11.60 out of normal score 91. From this study it may be concluded that peripartum neurodeficit may cause various neurological disabilities.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 18-21
Immediate Effect of Nebulized Budesonide in Asthmatic Children : A Randomized Controlled Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Sharma Jhulan Das , Karim Md Rezaul 
Published: September 2022

Very little is known about the immediate response of nebulized corticosteroid in addition to systemic steroids plus nebulized salbutamol in the early management of acute asthma in children. This study was aimed to observe any immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in the management of acute asthma in children. A total of 106 asthmatic patients aged between 5-12 years were investigated in a prospective single-blind, placebo controlled fashion. All subjects were entered in a randomized manner into one of two groups, Group-1 (Study Group) and Group-II (Control Group). After the Paediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) and the Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEFR) had been measured in all patients at the beginning of the study, both the study group (Group-1) and the control group (Group-II) received three consecutive doses of nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) and one dose of parenteral hydrocortisone (5 mg/kg/dose, intravenous). After this initial treatment, nebulized budesonide (1 mg/dose) was administered to patients in Group-1. One hour latter, the PASS and the PEFR were measured once more and at discharge, the durations of hospital stay (in days) were recorded for comparison between two groups. There were 53 patients in Group-1 (mean age: 7.99€2.12) and 53 patients in Group-II (mean age: 7.45+2.13). Both the groups were comparable for age (p=0.212) and sex (p=0.242)and inhaled steroid prophylaxis rate (p=0.233). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with respect to the decrease in PASS (p=0.851). Yet, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to the increase in PEFR (p=0.006) and durations of hospital stay in days (p=0.004). The positive immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in addition to systemic steroids and nebulized salbutamol in improving the PEFR as well as durations of hospital stay in asthmatic children is an encouraging finding for further study of its routine use in the paediatric emergency department.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 27-31
Epidemiology and Management of Mandibular Fracture : Two Year Experience in Tertiary Care Dental Hospital
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ali , Uddin Mohammad Muslim , Biswas Rajat Shankar Roy 
Published: September 2022

Injuries of the maxillofacial complex represent one of the most important health problems worldwide. The incidence of maxillofacial skeleton fractures is rising globally, the main contributors being road side accidents, interpersonal violence and falls from heights. If not treated properly, such fractures may lead to life long functional and structural disability. This study was designed to determine demographics, clinical features, patterns of mandibular bone fractures, treatment and postoperative evaluation of such fractures. This was a descriptive study, based on data of 30 patients of mandible fractures, from March 2010 to February 2012. Variables examined included demographic & clinical features, patterns of mandibular bone fractures and results of open and closed reduction of isolated mandibular fractures using surgical stainless steel wire and miniplates. Patients were followed up for one year. There were 30 patients, 26 male and 4 females, age ranged from 5-70 years (mean age was 25 years). Most common causes were road traffic accident (50%), and interpersonal violence (30%).Parasymphysis (53%)and angle(20%) of mandible was most common site of mandibular fracture and Postoperative complication rate was higher in closed reduction than in open reduction cases with internal fixation (ORIF). Long-term collection of epidemiological data regarding maxillofacial skeleton and management aspects of mandibular fractures are important for the evaluation of existing preventive measures and useful in the development of new methods of injury prevention and treatment.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 37-40
New Treatment Options in Primary Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Dutta Pradip Kumar , Dutta Arup 
Published: September 2022

Primary Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Steroids and Immunosuppressives are the mainstay of treatment of this group. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guideline for GN recommends the best evidence based guidelines for GN. After the guideline has been published some of the advances has been seen in some of the trials regarding the use of Rituximab particularly in steroid and Calcineurin (CNI) dependent Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome(MCNS) and Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN). Recently a new entity "Cz glomerulonephritis” has been proposed for which complement directed therapy (Eculizumab) has been suggested. In some recent trials Abatacept has been used in Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Ofatumumab has been used in Rituximab resistant nephrotic syndrome. In our review we will focus on some of key recommendations of KDIGO guideline along with some of the findings made after the guideline has been published.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 44-51
Disaster Management: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Huq Mohammad Ershadul , Khan Mohammad Asif , Illias Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

Disaster refers to death, loss of human life, economic disruption & deterioration of health and health related services Disasters are not confined to a particular part of the world. They can occur at any place at any time. Major disasters or emergencies occurred throughout the history and as the world population grows and the resources become more limited, communities are increasingly becoming more vulnerable to the hazards that cause disaster. The statistics gathered since 1969 shows a rise in the number of people affected by disasters. The number of injuries and deaths differs depending on the number of factors such as the type of disaster, the density and distribution of the population, condition of the environment, and degree of the preparedness and opportunity of the warning. We can minimize the death, ecological disruption and deterioration of the health services by proper planning and management.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 3-6
Utilization and Satisfaction With Major Health Care Services Amongst the Slum Dwellers of Dhaka City
Authors: Mahejabinl Farzana , Parveen Shamima , Datta Pranay 
Published: September 2022

The main objectives of this study are to find out the extent of utilization of health care services and satisfaction with major types of health care services amongst the slum dwellers of Dhaka city. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months starting from July 2013 to December 2013. A house to house survey was conducted and a total of 1029 slum dwellers were enrolled for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Data were collected through pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire. The study showed that pharmacy quacks 476 (46.3%) were the most dominant source of health care for the slum dwellers in Dhaka city. Medical College Hospital 238 (23.1%) was the second most dominant source of health care in slum areas. The other main sources were government hospitals, private practitioners respectively. Most of the respondents 429 (41.69%) were satisfied with the services of pharmacy quack and 268 (26.04%) respondents were satisfied with the services of medical college hospital. Among rest, 132 (12.82%) were satisfied with government hospitals and 121(11.75%) were satisfied with private practitioners. Majority of the respondents selected pharmacy quack to receive health care services due to affordability 127 (24.6%) and feasibility 107 (20.7%). In the study, 51 (16.1%) respondents selected medical college hospital for availability of facilities, effective treatment, good doctor-patient communication and better investigation facilities. According to the respondents 291 (38.1%) the main barrier to access health care was treatment cost. Highly significant association was found between educational status of the slum dwellers and selection of pharmacy quack (p=0.000) and medical college hospital (p=0.000). Significant association was also found between occupational status and selection of pharmacy quack (0.003) and medical college hospital (0.011). Highly significant association was found between monthly income and selection of medical college hospital (p=0.000). Pharmacy quack was the most dominant healthcare service in slum area. As persons running pharmacy quacks often provide poor quality of healthcare services, they need continuous training and back-up supports to improve their quality of services and to strengthen the overall healthcare system in Bangladesh.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 7-13
Haemoglobin Increment by Red Blood Cells Transfusion in Cancer Patients With Anaemia
Authors: Begum Mamtaz , Banu Laila Arjumand , Hasan Md Kamrul , Islam Naima 
Published: September 2022

Severe anaemia is usually treated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and in some cases moderate anaemia also requires transfusion. Traditionally one unit of red blood cells is transfused to increase the hemoglobin (Hb) level by 1 gm/dl, although no consensus guideline is available in our country. This study was done to see how much hemoglobin level was increased after transfusion of one unit of red blood cells in cancer patients with anaemia in our people. During the period of July 2012 to December 2012, 160 patients were studied in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka. All patients were aged >18 years of both sexes having a haemoglobin level of <10 gm/dl, and had no transfusion of platelets, plasma or colloid within 24 hours of red cells transfusion or with active bleeding or drain loss. The average increment of haemoglobin level was 0.74 gm/dl (0.74±0.11) gm/dl for each unit of red blood cells transfusion. This rise of haemoglobin level was different from the traditional calculation which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The traditional calculation for correction of anaemia by red blood cell transfusion is not suitable for the people of our country.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 21-25
Blunt Abdominal Trauma: An Evaluation At Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Rahman MA Mushfiqur , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Sarwar Khurshid Alam 
Published: September 2022

Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) is a common paediatric surgical problem in Bangladesh. This retrospective study was carried out from July 2010 to June 2013 to evaluate the management of patients with BAT in the department of Paediatric Surgery of Chittagong Medical Hospital. Hospital records were analyzed regarding mechanism of injury, clinical presentations, investigations, treatment and follow up. This study was aimed at observing present management of BAT and advocate further improvement. The age range was up to 12 years. Total number of patients studied was 48, with male female ratio of 3:1. 9 children were < 5 years of age and 39 children were > 5 years of age. Common mechanism of injury were road traffic accident (56.25%) and fall from a height (31.25%). 33 patients presented within 24 hours (68.75%) and 15 presented after 24 hours (31.25%). 5 patients (10.65%) presented with shock and 34 patients (70.83%) had signs of peritonitis. 36 patients (75%) were treated conservatively and surgical intervention was required in 12 cases (25%). After one month, 1 patient presented with Pancreatic pseudocystand 2 patient developed intestinal obstruction.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 26-30
Association of Maternal Weight Gain and Fetal Weight at Term Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nu Ma Yin , Nut Pu Chaw , Akhter Fateha , Dutta Asok Kumar , Dutta Arup 
Published: September 2022

To evaluate the relationship between maternal weight gain and fetal weight in term pregnancy. An observational study was carried out in a private clinic in Cox's Bazar, from March 2011 to March 2012. Total 200 mothers with singleton pregnancy were selected. Maternal weights were recorded in 1st trimester and 3rd trimester. Fetal weights were noted at 37 completed weeks of gestation by ultrasonography. Most (63%) of the women were 20 - 29 years of age (mean 24.1±5.3) and 70.5% women got married at the age of 16 — 20 years (mean 18.71±2.79) and 11% of them had <2500gm fetus. The frequency of <2500gm fetus were 12% and 22.5% had > 1 children (mean 1.33±0.36), 46% of mothers having >3 children had <2500gm fetus (p = <0.05). It was detected that 65.5% of 20 — 24 years old mothers gained 10-12 kg. Mothers who gained < 8 kg of weight, 75% of them had <2500gm fetus, this study also revealed that 44.3% of mothers who gained 10 -12 kg weight had>2500gm fetus. There is significant correlation between the number of parity and variation of fetal weight.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 31-35
Surgical Repair of Vesico- Vaginal Fistula
Authors: Das Suchanda , Begum Rokeya , Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Sultana Nargis 
Published: September 2022

The objective of our study is to highlight the outcome of repair of vesicovaginal fistula in a tertiary care hospital. From May' 2013 to Dec'2014 some patents with vesicovaginal fistula underwent surgical repair in Chittagong Medical College Hospital. This is an observational study. Obstetrical complication mainly obstructed labour (98%) was the most common cause for the development of urinary fistula . Among 50 pt. (all are repaired with transvaginal approach) 41 pt —fully cured, 3 pt had urethral, incontinence. 1 pt. had vaginal stenosis, 5 pt had no successful outcome. The study concluded that genitourinary fistula is still a very troublesome complication of obstetric and gynaecoalogical procedure in developing countries. The high prevalence of vesicovaginal fistula highlights the importance of hospital delivery and the need for skilled and competent health care personal. In all case of VVF repair, proper evaluation of pt. to decide type of procedure and route of repair is essential.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 36-40
Study of Structural and Functional Defects In Choledochal Cyst
Authors: Khastagir Rajib , Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Islam Mohammed Saiful 
Published: September 2022

Although many research works have been undertaken over decades to find out the etiology and mechanism of the structural defects resulting in formation of choledochal cyst and the consequent physiological dysfunction, the exact cause remained obscure. This study was undertaken to explore what structural changes in the choledochal cyst leads to its dilatation, at the same time it was also decided to find out how the choledochal cyst behaves with volume change. The study was conducted on 10 children with choledochal cyst in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka during the period of March 2007 to October 2008 by infusing a volume of contrast diluted with normal saline with the help of peroperative cholangiogram and a pressure measuring device. Biopsy was taken from resected choledochal cyst wall and wall of the CBD unaffected by the cyst. We hypothesized that, choledochal cyst is plastic in nature and there is increase of collagen fibers than elastic fibers in the wall of choledochal cyst that causes its dilatation. Out of 10 patient 2 were male and 8 were female. In quantitative estimation of collagen and elastic fiber, in control quantity of collagen fiber mean 106.40 ± 49.50, quantity of elastic fiber mean 79.80 ± 15.98, proportion of collagen and elastic fiber mean 1.35 ± 0.59 and in case (from choledochal cyst wall) quantity of collagen fiber mean 199.60 ± quantity of elastic fiber mean 46.10 ± 1.50, proportion of collagen and elastic fiber mean 4.76 ± 1.96. All this findings are statistically significant (p. value < 0.001). From the study it concluded that, choledochol cyst is plastic in nature showing almost a sigmoid shaped curve and increase in the collagen fiber over the elastic fiber in its wall causing dilatation with resultant stasis.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 46-48
Primary Tuberculous Appendicitis: Rare Cause of a Common Disease
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Khan AKM Shahabuddin 
Published: September 2022

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is quite rare, representing only 3% of all extrapulmonary cases. Primary tuberculosis of the appendix is a clinical rarity. It is usually secondary to tuberculosis elsewhere in the abdomen. Diagnosis is often made only after histopathological examination of the resected specimen. This report describes a 21 year old male with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, who was finally diagnosed as tuberculous appendicitis as the histopathological examination revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation along with caseous necrosis. We made a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis of appendix and the patient was on anti-tuberculosis medication. This article stresses the importance of histopathological examination of the resected appendix.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 54-56
Carcinoma of Vagina in Utero-Vaginal Prolapse: A Rare Presentation & Literature Review
Authors: Rehena Zeenat , Begum Rokeya , Das Suchanda 
Published: September 2022

Primary vaginal carcinoma is a rare entity in gynaecological oncology. Genital prolapse associated with primary carcinoma of vagina is even more rare. We here report two cases of early stage of vaginal carcinoma associated with utero-vaginal prolapse treated by surgery & radiotherapy and the review of literature of same entity. A 65 yrs old post menopausal lady presented with irreducible utero-vaginal prolapse & foul smelling per vaginal discharge. A fungating growth was present on the middle part of rt. antero-lateral wall of vagina. Biopsy was taken from the growth & histopathology showed squamous cell Ca. A 75 yrs old multiparous lady presented with long standing ulcer in association with second degree uterovaginal prolapse. Biopsy of the ulcer revealed squamous cell Ca of vagina. As one of the most complicated therapeutic problems in gynaecological oncology, this disease had been deemed to be untreatable until the end of 1930s. Presently as a result of technological improvements in radiotherapy & radical surgery, more favourable prognosis are to be achieved. A patient with a long history of uterine prolapse must be treated with care due to the risk potential for malignant change. Any lesion associated with utero-vaginal prolapse need careful evaluation & should be subjected to biopsy to rule out the underlying carcinoma.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 61-64
Management of Large Facial Patch With Recurring Reversal Reaction: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Delwar , Yasmin Rezina , Saha Alvin 
Published: September 2022

Inflamed large facial patch, being compromising the appearance and beauty of a patient, is a source of embarrassment and distress, and affects anti-leprosy drive adversely in many ways in the field situation. Its management with oral prednisolone alone, the mainstay of treatment for reversal reaction, proved disappointing. To see whether topical tacrolimus will be helpful in managing those patients. We treated a patient with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, twice daily and lower dose oral prednisolone for twelve months during March, 2012-February, 2013. Complete remission was achieved No side effects of whatsoever was seen. No recurrence of reaction is seen till to date. Tacrolimus ointment and lower dose prednisolone was found helpful in managing patient with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 65-68
Textiloma: Unexplained Abdominal Pain Following Caesarean Section
Authors: Bhattacharjee Seema , Begum Rokeya 
Published: September 2022

Retaining of surgical sponges or instruments in the abdomen during surgery usually menifest as abscess, abdomino cutaneous fistula with or without any definite symptoms during lifetime. A 22 years lady presented to us with persistant symptoms of foul smelling lochial discharge, fever and abdominal pain of about 3 months following caesarean section due to retained gauze into abdominal cavity. The condition is termed as textiloma or gauzoma (from surgical gauze). Several reports of textiloma were reported in literature but migration of retained gauze into terminal ileum without producing bowel symptom is not reported. It is an ethical surgical repercussions following caesarean section.
JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 69-72