bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible conversions between skyrmions and skyrmioniums
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhao Yuelei , Wu Kai , Chu Zhiqin , Xu Xiao-Hong , Li Xiaoguang , Åkerman Johan , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Skyrmions and skyrmioniums are both topological non-trivial spin textures in chiral magnetic systems. The dynamics of these particle-like excitations can be distinguished according to their spin structures, and the controlled conversion between them is the key to the diversified functionalities of spintronic devices. In this study, the dynamics and evolution of chiral spin textures are investigated in [Pt/Co]3/Ru/[Co/Pt]3 multilayers with ferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling. Reversible conversions between skyrmions and skyrmioniums can be realized by precisely controlling the domain wall through an applied magnetic field or electric current. Mediated by a multi-Q (winding number or topological number) cluster, skyrmions can be converted to skyrmioniums through two basic mechanisms. One way is to expand skyrmions by using sinusoidal pulses to form net domains, then to delete the stripe domains of the net domain to create the skyrmionium (reduce Q to zero). The second way is to drive multi-Q clusters to move and collapse into skyrmioniums with square pulses. The skyrmion Hall effect of skyrmioniums has been suppressed to zero, which supports that the winding number of skyrmioniums indeed is reduced to zero. We have also directly observed the topological conversion of a skyrmionium into skyrmion, characterized by the abrupt emergence of the skyrmion Hall effect. The establishment of reversible conversions between different magnetic topological spin textures is an important development, which should speed the advent of the next generation of spintronic device.
Predictors of under-weight among children less than 24 months in Nimule Border Town, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan
Authors: Eriga Francis , Gulom Godfrey , Alege John Bosco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Underweight is a public health problem globally, and more severe in South Sudan with wide regional differences. In Nimule border town, which represents other border towns in South Sudan, data on underweight among children below two years is unavailable. Thus, this study set out to assess determinants of underweight among children less than 24 months in Nimule boarder town, Pageri County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Nimule boarder town targeting 390 children below two years. Systematic sampling and simple random sampling methods were used. Data were collected through a researcher-administered questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions. Data was entered in EpiData and then exported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences research (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Descriptive data analysis was conducted and data were summarized into frequencies and percentages, means with standard deviations, and medians with interquartile ranges. Bivariate analysis was conducted with the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests for categorical independent variables, and the student’s t-test for numerical variables. Finally, multivariate analysis was done via logistic regression analysis and results were stated as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.
Results: Out of 390 participants, 112 (28.7%) were under weight. The study showed primary (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.12-1.18; P=0.095) and secondary (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12-1.17; P=0.091 levels of education were associated with underweight but not tertiary level of education (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.21-2.74; p = 0.671). Household income of 5000 to 10,000 (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.68; P =0.006) and above 10,000 (aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.28; P<0.001) South Sudanese pounds, supplementary feeding before 6 months (aOR; 0.01; 95% CI, 0.02-0.05; P<0.001) were associated with underweight and irregular hand washing (aOR; 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14-4.11; P=0.018) was associated with increased odds of underweight.
Conclusions: This study established a high prevalence of underweight. Maternal levels of education particularly primary, secondary, higher household incomes in excess of 5,000 South Sudanese pounds were protective against underweight. While irregular hand washing was a risk factor for underweight.
A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: mid-term effects, mediators and moderators
Authors: Löchner Johanna , Platt Belinda , Starman-Wöhrle Kornelija , Takano Keisuke , Engelmann Lina , Voggt Alessandra , Loy Fabian , Bley Mirjam , Winogradow Dana , Hämmerle Stephanie , Neumeier Esther , Wermuth Inga , Schmitt Katharina , Oort Frans , Schulte-Körne Gerd 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In a parallel randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of the family- and group-based cognitive-behavioural “Gug-Auf” intervention in preventing depression in children of depressed parents was evaluated. We hypothesized that the intervention would be associated with reduced incidence of depression at 15 months as well as with reduced symptom severity at 6, 12, and 15 months. We also made predictions about the role of a number of mediators and moderators.
Methods
Families were included if a parent (n = 100, mean age = 46.06, 61% female) had experienced depression and children (n = 135, aged 8–17 years, 53% female) without a mental illness. Families (91.5% German) were randomly allocated (50:50 block-wise; stratified by child age and parental depression) to the 12-session “GuG-Auf” intervention or no intervention. Outcomes were assessed (on an intention-to-treat basis) at 0-(T1), 6-(T2), 12-(T3) and 15-months(T4) after baseline. Primary outcome (onset of depression; T4) was assessed with standardized (blinded) clinical interviews. Secondary (unblinded) outcome was risk of depression (at T2-T4) indicated by internalizing, externalizing and symptoms of depression. Potential mediators were emotion regulation, attributional style, knowledge of depression and parenting style. Potential moderators were parental depression severity and negative life events. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.
Results
None of the children who received the intervention developed depression, whereas two of those in the control group did. The intervention significantly reduced internalizing symptoms at T3 (p = .027, d = -0.45) and T4 (p = .035, d=-0.44). Both groups showed reduced depressive symptoms (p = .029, d = -0.44). Cognitive problem-solving and negative parenting emerged as mediators. No adverse events were observed.
Conclusions
GuG-Auf is effective in reducing children’s risk of depression. Despite some limitations in the generalizability, these findings contribute substantially to reducing the burden of youth depression.
Registration:
The trial was registered on 16/04/2014 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02115880) and study protocol published in BMC Psychiatry (https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0263-2).
A Rare Anatomical Variation of Iliac Artery in ApoE-/- Mice
Authors: ZHANG Xi , TAO Wan-lu , Liu Jinxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
The study aimed to report a case of anatomical variation in the mouse iliac artery.
Methods
Totally 35 aortas of male ApoE−/− mice were dissected, including the aortic tree and their distal branches.
Results
Among the 35 arteries, 1 of them showed prominent anatomic variants unexpectedly. The terminal abdominal aorta descended as a trunk and finally extended into the left external iliac artery after divided out several main branches, instead of divided into the left and right iliac arteries communis as reported in previous studies.
Conclusion
The present study identified a rare case of iliac artery anatomical variation in ApoE- / -mice. Mice as vertebrate mammals highly close to human anatomy, the finding might help in the pre-intervention for catheter surgery in human patients and interpreting angiography of the pelvic region by radiologists.
Prevalence of prediabetes and associated factors among community members in Rural Isingiro district
Authors: Ampeire Isaac Petit , Kawugezi Peter Chris , Mulogo Edgar Mugema 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In rural Uganda many people are either pre-diabetic or diabetic, however they do not know that these conditions afflict them. The burden of pre-diabetes in rural Isingiro had not previously been determined. The study examined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey that enrolled 370 participants aged between 18 and 70 years was conducted in the Kabuyanda sub-county, rural Isingiro district in March 2021. Multistage sampling and systematic random sampling was conducted to select eligible households and data was collected using a pretested WHO STEP-wise protocol questionnaire. The primary outcome was Prediabetes (FBG=6.1mmol/l to 6.9mmol/l), calculated as a proportion. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models were performed for data analysis using STATA.
Results;The prevalence of Prediabetes was 9.19% (95% CI 6.23-12.14). Factors independently associated with pre-diabetes were; advancing age [AOR=5.771 95% CI=1.031-32.306, P=0.046], moderate-intensity work [AOR=2.637 95%CI=1.233-5.636, P=0.012], high level of consumption of diet categorized as protective [AOR=5.657 95%CI=1.679-19.054, P=0.005] and body mass index [AOR=3.608 95% CI=1.414-9.206, P=0.007] were significantly associated with Prediabetes.
Conclusion; Prediabetes is prevalent among adult community members in rural Isingiro, southwestern Uganda. Age and lifestyle factors predict Prediabetes in this rural population, suggesting a need for targeted health promotion interventions.
The Pursuit of Low Carbon Concrete with Partial Cement Replacement: A Review of Merits and Demerits.
Authors: Yousafzai Mehran Ahmad , Khan Amir Hamza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change has become one of the biggest concerns for scientists and engineers during this anthropocentric era. One of the major causes of these alterations in climate are the greenhouse gases (GHGs) and among them, carbon dioxide is on the lead. In the human sources of CO2 emissions, construction is one of the principal sources, which is a carbon-intensive sector mainly because of the use of concrete and is growing globally at a rapid rate. The main material used for construction purposes is concrete, the third most used substance in the world after air and water. Billions of tons of natural materials are mixed and processed to make concrete, leaving a substantial mark on the environment. Concrete is attractive in resilience and durability because of the special properties of cement. The production of cement is accounted for 5% of the manmade emissions on a global level, releasing 600-700 kg of CO2 per each ton of cement. There is a dire need to make the concrete sustainable. Since the last few decades, researchers have been striving to find a solution for lessening the environmental impacts of concrete and cement. Different paths have been developed to address and mitigate these issues. There is no single way to achieve a sustainable concrete instead each and every possible measure must be explored and taken, if found feasible. Cement replacement with some other low carbon material has been the focus of research for the last two decades. While a long journey is yet to be covered, it is necessary to review and analyze where the research stands and how much progress has been made. The current study is intended to answer these questions by giving a review of the available literature. Moreover, as any variation in the composition of concrete will definitely change its engineering properties, one of the objectives of the study is to look at the merits and demerits of all the alternatives examined for low carbon concrete. Finally, the study will make an attempt to identify research gaps in the subject of low carbon concrete.
Decentralization of viral load testing to improve HIV care and treatment cascade in rural Tanzania: Data from the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort
Authors: Mnzava Dorcas , Okuma James , Ndege Robert , Kimera Namvua , Ntamatungiro Alex , Nyuri Amina , Byakuzana Theonestina , Abilahi Faraji , Mayeka Paul , Temba Emmy , Fanuel Teddy , Glass Tracy Renée , Klimkait Thomas , Vanobberghen Fiona , Weisser Maja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Monitoring HIV viral load (VL) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended by the World Health Organization. Implementation of VL testing programs have been affected by logistic and organizational challenges. Here we describe the VL monitoring cascade in a rural setting in Tanzania and compare turnaround times (TAT) between an on-site and a referral laboratory.
Methods
In a nested study of the prospective Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) we included PLHIV aged ≥ 15 years, on ART for ≥ 6 months after implementation of routine VL monitoring in 2017. We assessed proportions of PLHIV with a blood sample taken for VL, whose results came back, and who were virally suppressed (VL < 1000 copies/mL) or unsuppressed (VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL). We described the proportion of PLHIV with unsuppressed VL and adequate measures taken as per national guidelines and outcomes among those with low-level viremia (LLV; 100–999 copies/mL). We compare TAT between on-site and referral laboratories by Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
Results
From 2017 to 2020, among 4,454 PLHIV, 4,238 (95%) had a blood sample taken and 4,177 99 %) of those had a result. Of those, 3,683 (88%) were virally suppressed. In the 494 (12%) unsuppressed PLHIV, 425 (86%) had a follow-up VL (102 (24%) within 4 months and 158 (37%) had virologic failure. Of these, 103 (65%) were already on second-line ART and 32/55 (58%) switched from first- to second-line ART after a median of 7.7 months (IQR 4.7–12.7). In the 371 (9%) PLHIV with LLV, 327 (88%) had a follow-up VL. Of these, 267 (82%) resuppressed to < 100 copies/ml, 41 (13%) had persistent LLV and 19 (6%) had unsuppressed VL. The median TAT for return of VL results was 21 days (IQR 13–39) at the on-site versus 59 days (IQR 27–99) at the referral laboratory (p < 0.001) with PLHIV receiving the VL results after a median of 91 days (IQR 36–94; similar for both laboratories).
Conclusion
Robust VL monitoring is achievable in remote resource-limited settings. More focus is needed on care models for PLHIV with high viral loads to timely address results from routine VL monitoring.
Contour Error Dynamic Analysis and Predictive Control for Multi-axis Motion System
Authors: Jiang Jiali , Li Bingran , Dong Qingyu , Zhang Hui , Ye Peiqing , Jiang Shengxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Contour tracking accuracy is the key performance index of multi-axis motion control system. In the previous design of contour error feedback controller, the independent design idea of tracking controller and contour controller of each logic axis is often adopted, which is not easy to realize the optimal control of tracking accuracy and contour accuracy. The coupling increment of each controller is inevitable in motion control compensation, which has an impact on the stability of the control system. Therefore, a predictive control method for contour error is proposed. At first, through the state space model of feed system, the system dynamics are judged to predict the contour accuracy in the future finite time domain. Besides, the linear quadratic performance index function of contour error is established, and the performance of the control objective is continuously optimized during the limited time domain with the form of rolling optimization. A closed-loop solution is obtained which is most suitable for the current motion situation and could add to the system, so as to realize the optimal control considering the trajectory contour and the tracking stability of each servo axis in the next few sampling cycles. Finally, by the means of comparative experiments on the three-axis motion control platform, it is verified that the proposed contour predictive control strategy not only effectively reduces the tracking error, but also significantly improves the contour accuracy, which is suitable for application in complex industrial environment.
Treatment decision-making among patients with metastatic prostate cancer: Impact of decision locus of control on functional outcomes and decision satisfaction
Authors: Morgans Alicia , Schumacher Frank , Helenowski Irene , Sun Zequn , Oswald Laura , Gonzalez Brian , Moses Kelvin , Benning James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) engages patients in the decision-making process and may be associated with better outcomes relative to physician- or patient-directed decision-making. We assessed the association between decision locus of control (DLOC) and patient-reported quality of life (QOL), functional outcomes, and decision satisfaction among mPC patients.
Methods
After a clinic visit in which a treatment decision was made (baseline), mPC patients completed DLOC and QOL surveys. QOL was re-assessed at 2- and 4-months post-baseline. Mean scores for each QOL dimension (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and role functioning) were compared by DLOC group using mixed effects models. Patient preferences for DLOC and provider communication techniques were similarly collected via survey.
Results
Median age of participants (N = 101) was 69 years (range: 49–92); most were White (80%) and married (82%). 62% reported using SDM. At baseline, there were no differences in QOL dimensions between DLOC groups. At 4 months, patient-directed (p = 0.01) and SDM (p = 0.03) were associated with better physical functioning than physician-directed decision-making, and there was a trend toward greater decision satisfaction among patients who reported patient-directed (p = 0.06) or SDM (p = 0.10). SDM was the most reported preferred DLOC.
Conclusion
mPC patients reporting SDM had better physical functioning and a trend toward greater decision satisfaction at 4 months than physician- or patient-directed decision-making, suggesting measurable benefit from patient involvement in decision-making. Future investigations of these associations in larger, more diverse populations can further clarify these previously unmeasured benefits of patient engagement in treatment decisions.
AFM methods for studying the morphology and micromechanical properties of the membrane of human buccal epithelium cell
Authors: Torkhov Nikolay A. , Buchelnikova Victoria A. , Ivonin Ivan V. , Mosunov Andrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We studied morphology, structure and micromechanical properties of the membrane of living human buccal epithelium cells in the presence of protective adsorption layer of ca. 100 nm on their surface by means of atomic force microscopy in contact and semicontact scanning modes in a broad range of force affections (0-40 µN). Local mapping of micromechanical surface properties was carried out. The values of elasticity (Young's modulus E=E(x,y)), elastic Dhdfrm=Dhdfrm(x,y) and plastic Dhstif=Dhstif (x,y) deformations were obtained.
Reconstructing the evolutionary history of a B cell lineage with minimum spanning tree and genotype abundances
Authors: Abdollahi Nika , Jeusset Lucile , de Septenville Anne , Davi Fréderic , Bernardes Juliana Silva 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) genes exposed to an antigen undergo somatic hypermutations and Darwinian antigen selection, generating a large BCR-antibody diversity. This process, known as B cell affinity maturation, increases antibody affinity, forming a specific B cell lineage that includes the unmutated ancestor and mutated variants. In a B cell lineage, cells with a higher antigen affinity will undergo clonal expansion, while those with a lower affinity will not proliferate and probably be eliminated. Therefore, cellular (genotype) abundance provides a valuable perspective on the ongoing evolutionary process. Phylogenetic tree inference is often used to reconstruct B cell lineage trees and represents the evolutionary dynamic of BCR affinity maturation. However, such methods should process B cell population data derived from experimental sampling that might contain different cellular abundances. There are a few phylogenetic methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of B cell lineages; best-performing solutions are time-demanding and restricted to analyzing a reduced number of BCR IGH sequences, while time-efficient methods do not consider cellular abundances. We propose ClonalTree, a low-complexity and accurate approach to reconstruct B cell lineage trees that incorporates genotype abundances into minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithms. Using both simulated and experimental data, we demonstrated that ClonalTree outperforms MST-based algorithms and achieves a similar performance compared to a method that explores tree generating space exhaustively. However, ClonalTree has a lower running time, being more convenient for reconstructing phylogenetic lineage trees from high-throughput BCR sequencing data, mainly in biomedical applications, where a lower computational time is appreciable. It is hundreds to thousands of times faster than exhaustive approaches, enabling the analysis of a large set of sequences within minutes or seconds and without loss of accuracy. The source code is freely available at github.com/julibinho/ClonalTree.
MicroRNA-146b-5p suppresses pro-inflammatory mediator synthesis via targeting of TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human dental pulp cells
Authors: Han Peifeng , Sunada-Nara Keisuke , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Fujii Mayuko , Wang Shihan , Kieu Thoai Quoc , Yu Ziniu , Okiji Takashi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
MicroRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) is reported to be up-regulated during and to control the inflammation process, although its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the anti-inflammation effects of miR-146b-5p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). An increase in hsa-miR-146b-5p expression following the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in LPS-stimulated hDPCs. The expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p and pro-inflammatory cytokines was down-regulated by a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, and expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p was also decreased by a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Enforced expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p abolished phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling components, such as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB (RELA). Expression of rno-miR-146b-5p and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was also up-regulated in experimentally-induced rat pulpal inflammation in vivo, and rno-miR-146b-5p blocked the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB signaling components in LPS-stimulated ex vivo cultured rat incisor pulp tissues. These findings suggest that the synthesis of miR-146b-5p is controlled via an IL6/STAT3 signaling cascade, and in turn, miR-146b-5p down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in LPS-stimulated hDPCs.