bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social position of older immigrants in the Netherlands: where do immigrants perceive themselves on the societal ladder?
Authors: Klokgieters Silvia S. , van Tilburg Theo G. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Huisman Martijn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOlder Turkish and Moroccan immigrants are often ascribed a low social position based on their relatively unfavourable educational level, occupational status and income. Yet immigrants emigrated to improve their social position and came from contexts where determinants of social position might be based on different socio-cultural circumstances than those used in the country of settlement. In order to understand immigrants’ own perception of their social position, we interviewed 23 60–68 year old immigrants from Turkish and Moroccan origin in the Netherlands. Using a ten rung ladder, participants were asked to position themselves in the societal hierarchy before migration, after settlement and currently. Most participants positioned themselves at a middle or high position on the societal ladder. Circumstances used for positioning were related to socioeconomic indicators, but also to social affirmation, family, social integration, physical, mental health, happiness and complying to religious prescriptions. When these circumstances were deemed favourable, participants tended to position themselves higher. Our findings also show that the circumstances that participants used for positioning themselves varied across the life course. These findings complement the picture of the often low objective low socioeconomic position of older immigrants and show that immigrants’ perception of their subjective social position reflects a broader set of circumstances than just socioeconomic ones.
Optical properties of lithium titanate as a potential layer in light harvesters
Authors: Gadelrab Olivia , Elmahgary Maryam G. , Mahran Abdelrahman M. , Ganoub Moustafa , Abdellatif Sameh O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVarious solar cell architectures and materials are currently studied, seeking enhanced photon management mechanisms. Herein, we provide an attempt to prepare, characterize, model, and simulate a novel semiconductor, Lithium Titanate, which has a band gap of 3.55 eV. The semiconductor was prepared from H2TiO3 and LiCO3 by calcination at 500 °C for 5 h after grinding with deionized water. XRD, SEM, EDX, and AFM carried out a complete morphological characterization on powder and thin-film levels. Additionally, experimentally validated atomistic DFT modeling was performed where the density of states and the imaginary part of the permittivity were extracted. Finally, the optical transmission spectrum was simulated for a 4.28 μm thickness film, with the aid of a finite-difference time-domain solver, against an experimentally measured spectrum, showing a root-mean-square mismatching error of 3.78%.
Travelling Waves for Adaptive Grid Discretizations of Reaction Diffusion Systems III: Nonlinear Theory
Authors: Hupkes H. J. , Van Vleck E. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider a spatial discretization scheme with an adaptive grid for the Nagumo PDE and establish the existence of travelling waves. In particular, we consider the time dependent spatial mesh adaptation method that aims to equidistribute the arclength of the solution under consideration. We assume that this equidistribution is strictly enforced, which leads to the non-local problem with infinite range interactions that we derived in Hupkes and Van Vleck (J Dyn Differ Eqn, 2021). Using the Fredholm theory developed in Hupkes and Van Vleck (J Dyn Differ Eqn, 2021) we setup a fixed point procedure that enables the travelling PDE waves to be lifted to our spatially discrete setting.
From Boltzmann Equation for Granular Gases to a Modified Navier–Stokes–Fourier System
Authors: Alonso Ricardo J. , Lods Bertrand , Tristani Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we give an overview of the results established in Alonso (http://arxiv.org/org/abs/2008.05173, 2020) which provides the first rigorous derivation of hydrodynamic equations from the Boltzmann equation for inelastic hard spheres in 3D. In particular, we obtain a new system of hydrodynamic equations describing granular flows and prove existence of classical solutions to the aforementioned system. One of the main issue is to identify the correct relation between the restitution coefficient (which quantifies the rate of energy loss at the microscopic level) and the Knudsen number which allows us to obtain non trivial hydrodynamic behavior. In such a regime, we construct strong solutions to the inelastic Boltzmann equation, near thermal equilibrium whose role is played by the so-called homogeneous cooling state. We prove then the uniform exponential stability with respect to the Knudsen number of such solutions, using a spectral analysis of the linearized problem combined with technical a priori nonlinear estimates. Finally, we prove that such solutions converge, in a specific weak sense, towards some hydrodynamic limit that depends on time and space variables only through macroscopic quantities that satisfy a suitable modification of the incompressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier system.
Sorption of 60Co(II) from aqueous solutions onto biosynthesized zinc oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Mekawy Zakaria A. , Moussa Saber I. , Mousa Abeer M. , Dakroury Gehan A. , Allan Karam F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNano ZnO is biosynthesized using Lactobcillus sp. Poly Acrylic acid-co-Acrylonitrile/ZnO, PAACAN/ZnO, and poly Acrylic acid-co-Maleic acid/ZnO, PAACMA/ZnO, nancomposites were synthesized using 60Co γ-rays. PAACAN/ZnO and PAACMA/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized and used as sorbents for 60Co(II) radionuclide. The monolayer adsorption capacities of 60Co(II) onto PAACMA/ZnO and PAACAN/ZnO are 18.235, 7.105 mgg−1, respectively at pH 4.5 and 20 °C. The sorption reaction has a pseudo 2nd order mechanism. 0.1 M EDTA could be used as an eluent for desorption. The desorption efficiencies of 60Co(II) from PAACAN/ZnO and PAACMA/ZnO were 67.51 and 84.85%, respectively. The sorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.
Stress-Inducing and Anxiety-Ridden: A Practice-Based Approach to the Construction of Status-Bestowing Evaluations in Research Funding
Authors: Edlund Peter , Lammi Inti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMore than resource allocations, evaluations of funding applications have become central instances for status bestowal in academia. Much attention in past literature has been devoted to grasping the status consequences of prominent funding evaluations. But little attention has been paid to understanding how the status-bestowing momentum of such evaluations is constructed. Throughout this paper, our aim is to develop new knowledge on the role of applicants in constructing certain funding evaluations as events with crucial importance for status bestowal. Using empirical material from retrospective interviews with Sweden-based early-career scientists who, successfully or unsuccessfully, applied for European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grants, our findings show how these scientists interlinked experiences from various practices to construct the ERC’s evaluations, in general, and the final-stage appointments at Brussels’ Madou Plaza Tower, in particular, as apex-esque, crescendo-like status-bestowing events. We discuss our findings as instructional, preparatory, and demarcative practices that, by extension, distribute responsibility for the construction and reinforcement of high-stakes, career-defining evaluations through which considerable stress and anxiety is generated in academia.
Vortices nucleation by inherent fluctuations in nematic liquid crystal cells
Authors: Aguilera Esteban , Clerc Marcel G. , Zambra Valeska 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultistable systems are characterized by exhibiting domain coexistence, where each domain accounts for the different equilibrium states. In case these systems are described by vectorial fields, domains can be connected through topological defects. Vortices are one of the most frequent and studied topological defect points. Optical vortices are equally relevant for their fundamental features as beams with topological features and their applications in image processing, telecommunications, optical tweezers, and quantum information. A natural source of optical vortices is the interaction of light beams with matter vortices in liquid crystal cells. The rhythms that govern the emergence of matter vortices due to fluctuations are not established. Here, we investigate the nucleation mechanisms of the matter vortices in liquid crystal cells and establish statistical laws that govern them. Based on a stochastic amplitude equation, the law for the number of nucleated vortices as a function of anisotropy, voltage, and noise level intensity is set. Experimental observations in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic anchoring and a negative anisotropic dielectric constant under the influence of a transversal electric field show a qualitative agreement with the theoretical findings.
Onion Vinegar Quality Evaluation and its Alleviate Oxidative Stress Mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans Via SKN-1
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Liu Xinhua , Hang Shuqin , Cao Chunxin , He Yucheng , Sun Xiaoming , Zheng Rongquan , Yuan Jianfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, there has been renewed interest in biorefining of agricultural onion into functional products. In this study, onion vinegar (OV) are prepared by a two-stage semi-continuous fermentation method, and its content of total flavonoids (3.01 mg/mL) and polyphenols (976.76 μg/mL) is superior to other commercial vinegars. OV possesses a high radical scavenging activity and enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities in vivo, alleviating intracellular oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Treated by OV, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH·), diammonium 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+·) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5- tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-Oxide (PTIO·) free radicals clearance rates are 88.76, 98.76 and 90.54%, respectively in vitro. Whereas the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in C. elegans reach 271.57, 129.26, and 314.68%, respectively. Using RNAi and RT-PCR, it has been further confirmed that OV modulates transcription factor SKN-1, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) homologous, in C. elegans, enhancing the resistance of C. elegans against sodium arsenite stress. Lifespan analysis reveals that 1 mL OV extends the maximum lifespan of the nematode to 26 days. Evidence is presented which shows that OV increases the lifespan of C. elegans by activating the SKN-1 signaling pathway. Overall, the OV is a well functional condiment, enhancing the value-added of onion.
The association between current earnings surprises and the ex post bias of concurrently issued management forecasts
Authors: Baginski Stephen P. , Campbell John L. , Ryu Patrick W. , Warren James D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe vast majority of managers’ earnings forecasts are issued concurrently (i.e., bundled) with their firm’s current earnings announcement. We document a predictable bias in these forecasts—the forecasts fail to fully reflect the persistence of the current earnings surprise. Specifically, we find that managers issue (1) optimistically biased forecasts alongside negative earnings surprises and (2) pessimistically biased forecasts alongside large positive earnings surprises. Bayesian updating implies this bias could be unintentional, but we find that the bias is stronger when managers have greater incentives and fewer constraints to issue biased forecasts, suggesting that, to some extent, the bias might be intentional. Relatedly, although managers typically have better information about their firm’s earnings than analysts, we show that analyst reliance on these biased management forecasts represents a mechanism (and an alternative interpretation) for a similar analyst underreaction to current earnings attributed in the literature to analysts’ cognitive bias. We also find that, on average, investors do not appear to initially understand the bias in these forecasts but do unravel it over longer windows. However, investors more quickly unravel the bias when the manager has a history of issuing biased forecasts and when the firm has more sophisticated investors. Overall, we document that managers’ forecasts appear to repeatedly underweight the persistence of current earnings surprises, are biased in ways that improve investors’ perceptions of managers’ ability, and that this behavior concentrates in subsamples where outsiders have a harder time recognizing any bias.
On the role of monetary incentives in risk preference elicitation experiments
Authors: Hackethal Andreas , Kirchler Michael , Laudenbach Christine , Razen Michael , Weber Annika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncentivized experiments in which individuals receive monetary rewards according to the outcomes of their decisions are regarded as the gold standard for preference elicitation in experimental economics. These task-related real payments are considered necessary to reveal subjects’ “true preferences.” Using a systematic, large-sample approach with three subject pools of private investors, professional investors, and students, we test the effect of task-related monetary incentives on risk preferences in four standard experimental tasks. We find no significant differences in behavior between and within subjects in the incentivized and non-incentivized regimes. We discuss implications for academic research and forions in the field.
Two New Methods for Counting and Tracking the Evolution of Polar Faculae
Authors: Hovis-Afflerbach B. , Pesnell W. Dean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolar faculae are the footpoints of magnetic-field lines near the Sun’s poles that are seen as bright regions along the edges of granules. The time variation in the number of polar faculae has been shown to correlate with the strength of the polar magnetic field and to be a predictor of the subsequent solar cycle. Due to the small size and transient nature of these features, combined with different techniques and observational factors, previous counts of polar faculae differ in magnitude. Further, there were no scalable techniques to measure the statistical properties of the faculae, such as the variation of the facular lifetime with time or solar activity. Using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we present two new methods for tracking faculae and measuring their properties. In the first, we calculate the pixel-by-pixel standard deviation of the HMI continuum intensity images over one day, visualizing the faculae as streaks. The lifetime of the facula is found by dividing the angular length of the streaks by the latitude-dependent rotation rate. We apply this method to the more visible pole each day for a week every six months, from September 2010 to March 2021. Combining all of the measured facular lifetimes provides a statistical distribution with a mean of 6.0 hours, a FWHM of 5.4 hours, and a skew towards longer lifetimes, with some faculae lasting up to 1 day. In the second method, we overlay images of the progressive standard deviation with the HMI magnetogram to show the close relationship between the facular candidates and the magnetic field. The results of this method allow us to distinguish between motion due to the Sun’s rotation and “proper motion” due to faculae moving across the Sun’s surface, confirming that faculae participate in convective motions at the poles. Counts of polar faculae using both methods agree with previous counts in their variation with the solar cycle and the polar magnetic field. These methods can be extended to automate the identification and measurement of other properties of polar faculae, which would allow for daily measurements of all faculae since SDO began operation in 2010.
Physical Activity and Exercise Addiction During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Ceci Franca , Di Carlo Francesco , Burkauskas Julius , Salone Anatolia , De Luca Ilaria , Cicconcelli Dorotea , Giorgetti Valentina , La Fratta Irene , Todaro Antonino , Simonato Pierluigi , Martinotti Giovanni , di Giannantonio Massimo , Corazza Ornella 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSevere restrictive measures were implemented globally to limit the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic leading to significant lifestyle changes and impacting on both the physical and the mental health of citizens. Caught by the fear of getting sick, some individuals have adopted behaviors which favored the development of exercise addiction (EA). Our aim was to evaluate physical activity habits and the risk of EA in the general Italian population during phase 1 of the lockdown. The role of appearance anxiety (AA), self-compassion, and use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) as predictors of EA development were investigated. A comparison between physically active subjects with the inactive ones was also included. Between April and May 2020, an online survey was conducted across Italy. Nine hundred thirty-six answers were collected. The rate of EA in the physically active sample (782 subjects) was 4.1%. The physically active group showed higher SCS scores and a greater use of PIEDs. Of the physically active participants, 84.2% reported variations in their fitness routine. Perceived benefit of exercising resulted significantly higher in those with EA. Subjects with EA reported stronger motivation in engaging in physical activity as for “physical wellness,” “psychological well-being,” and “sexual attractiveness and confidence in relationship.” A higher level of AA, a lower level of self-compassion, and a higher perceived benefit of exercising during lockdown were all significant predictors for the presence of EA. Our findings suggest that the fear of getting sick from Covid-19, combined with radical changes in the lifestyles induced by the lockdown and individual personological characteristics, can favor the development of EA and related phenomena in the general population.
The value relevance of digital marketing capabilities to firm performance
Authors: Homburg Christian , Wielgos Dominik M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital transformation of the marketing organization forces firms to develop new digital marketing capabilities (DMCs) to remain competitive. However, despite considerable academic and managerial interest, the value relevance of DMCs beyond the value achieved through classic marketing capabilities (CMCs) remains unclear. Similarly, research investigating the interaction effect of DMCs and CMCs is scarce. We address both research gaps by drawing on a mixed-methods approach combining in-depth interviews and a multi-industry, multisource dataset. The results reveal that DMCs significantly contribute to firm profitability beyond the influence of CMCs. Drawing on the contingent view of resource-based theory, we investigate the moderating influence of organizational and environmental contingencies on the interaction effect of DMCs and CMCs. This investigation reveals important tradeoffs that result in actionable managerial implications for realizing the complementarity potential—and preventing the substitutive potential—of a firm’s DMCs and CMCs.
Effects of predator novelty on intraguild predation communities with adaptive prey defense
Authors: Ingeman Kurt E. , Novak Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding coexistence within community modules such as intraguild predation (IGP), where an omnivore both preys on and competes with an intermediate consumer for a shared resource, has provided insight into the mechanisms that promote the persistence of complex food webs. Adaptive, predator-specific defense has been shown theoretically to enhance coexistence of IGP communities when employed by shared prey. Yet to date, all such theory has assumed that prey have an accurate perception of predation risk and appropriate antipredator responses, assumptions that may not be justified when considering a novel predator. We therefore consider the effects of an introduced predator on IGP coexistence, describing two invasion scenarios: suboptimal defense, whereby a similar invader elicits an ineffective antipredator response; and naïveté toward an unfamiliar invader, for which prey fail to accurately estimate predation risk. We examine predictions for native predator persistence across gradients of enrichment and defense costs. The model predicts that predator novelty can weaken the effect of adaptive defense, causing exclusion of native predators that would persist in the absence of novelty and inducing unstable dynamics in previously stable regions of parameter space. Coexistence is predicted to be more sensitive to the effects of suboptimal defense than to naïveté, and differentially leads to the exclusion of native predators in highly productive environments and when defense costs are low. Moderate novelty of the omnivore can increase resource density via a trophic cascade, while consumer novelty can either lead to omnivore exclusion or facilitate three-species coexistence by providing a subsidy to the otherwise excluded native omnivore. Our analyses suggest that models of adaptive defense are sensitive to assumptions regarding predator–prey eco-evolutionary experience and that predator novelty has significant implications for food web dynamics.
Snakehead: the extent to which Chinese organised crime groups are involved in human smuggling from China to the UK
Authors: Whittle Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith human smuggling, trafficking and associated areas such as modern slavery consistently in the news over the past decade governments have established and reinforced a narrative whereby evil organised criminals are responsible for driving the numbers of people migrating. This despite much academic evidence to contrary. Snakeheads have long been linked to facilitating human smuggling from China and tick all the stereotypical boxes for an organised crime ‘folk devil’. An ominous name; shadowy methods; allegedly highly exploitative and a reassuringly ‘foreign’ threat, Snakeheads fit neatly into the narrative above. Using a range of sources including qualitative interviews, survey data, Government statistics and Freedom of Information Requests this this paper suggests the reality is very different. That Snakeheads do not fit snuggly with media and government perceptions of who smuggles people from China or how they interact with organised crime. It suggests that the smuggling from China is not overseen by nefarious organised crime groups but criminal entrepreneurs.
Nodes of tension: negotiating epistemic fluency in interdisciplinary co-teaching
Authors: Colton Jill , Mignone Joanne , Newport-Peace Diana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper is about interdisciplinary collaboration in a higher education context. The authors have investigated their own experiences of interdisciplinary collaboration through reflexive autobiographical narrative writing and co-generative dialogue. The experience of working in a project which brought together students from different parts of the university was analysed with reference to critical readings about interdisciplinary work. The authors have identified moments of boundary crossing or ‘nodes of tension’ through which relationships were being negotiated and knowledge was being produced. The analysis of these moments shows that interdisciplinary work is intensely relational and dialogic; it takes time and involves significant labour. The authors contend that this labour is essential to building trust and openness to what is unfamiliar, and that universities which seek to promote interdisciplinary collaboration must acknowledge the significant additional work necessary to negotiate nodes of tension.