bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed choice, the target 3.7 of the sustainable development goals (universal access to family planning information and education): an analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Budiharsana Meiwita P , Wahyuningsih Wiji , Heywood Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background. Informed choice means that women contraceptive users choose the method that best satisfies their needs after receiving information about all available contraceptive methods, side-effects of the methods, and how to deal with the side effects if experienced. Receiving adequate information is an ethical necessity and a fundamental rule in fulfilling reproductive rights because women’s decisions depend on the information. Objective. To measure the percentages of women making an informed choice of contraceptives and associated factors in Indonesia, between 2007 and 2017. This measure reflects how far Indonesia had achieved the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.7 (“by 2030, to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes”). Methods. Married women who used five modern contraceptive methods (the pill, injectables, implants, IUD, and female sterilization) were included, comprised of a total unweighted sample of 23,910 women out of the 45,607 and 49,627 married women aged 15-49 in the 2012 and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data, respectively. The Method Information Index (MII) scores calculated responses to three questions (were told about method‐specific side effects, advised what to do if they experienced them, and informed about other available methods). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the MII value. Results. In this study, the two waves of 2012 and 2017 IDHS data revealed that women making informed choices were 24.60% and 28.65%, respectively. Meaning, over 70% of women contraceptive users were still uninformed about side effects, what to do, and other available methods. Since informed choice determines the continuation of methods used, it is crucial to close this persistent gap, in line with the principle of women’s reproductive rights in achieving SDG target 3.7. Conclusions. ﻿Over 70 percent of reproductive age married women in Indonesia were inadequately informed about side effects, what to do if they experienced side effects, and whether other methods could be used. Keywords: family planning, informed choice, contraceptives, SDG target 3.7, Indonesia, 2030
3D zoning of barium in alkali feldspar
Authors: Lubbers Jordan , Kent Adam , Meisenheimer Douglas , Wildenschild Dorthe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interpretation of chemical zoning within igneous minerals is critical to many petrologic studies. Zoning in minerals, however, is commonly observed in thin sections or grain mounts, which are random 2D slices of a 3D system. Use of these 2D sections to infer 3D geometries requires a set of assumptions, often not directly tested, introduces several issues, and results in partial loss of zoning information. Computed X-ray microtomography (microCT) offers a way to assess 3D zoning in minerals at high resolution. To observe 3D mineral zoning using microCT, however, requires that zoning is observable as differences in X-ray attenuation. Sanidine, with its affinity for Ba in the crystal lattice, can display large, abrupt variations in Ba that are related to various magma reservoir processes. These changes in Ba also significantly change the X-ray attenuation coefficient of sanidine, allowing for discrete mineral zones to be mapped in 3D using microCT. Here we utilize microCT to show 3D chemical zoning within natural sanidines from a suite of volcanic eruptions throughout the geologic record. We also show that changes in microCT grayscale in sanidine are largely controlled by changes in Ba. Starting with 3D mineral reconstructions, we simulate thin-section making by generating random 2D slices across a mineral zone to show that slicing orientation alone can drastically change the apparent width and slope of composition transitions between different zones. Furthermore, we find that chemical zoning in sanidine can commonly occur in more complex geometries than the commonly interpreted concentric zoning patterns. Together, these findings have important implications for methodologies that rely on the interpretation of chemical zoning within minerals and align with previously published numerical models that show how chemical gradient geometries are affected by random sectioning during common sample preparation methods (e.g., thin sections and round mounts).
Deciphering the projected changes in CMIP-6 based precipitation simulations over the Krishna River Basin
Authors: Anil Suram , Anand Raj P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the Krishna River Basin (KRB) is significant due to the semi-arid nature of the basin. Herein, 21 global climate models (GCMs) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were examined to simulate the historical monthly precipitation over the 1951–2014 period in the KRB. The symmetrical uncertainty (SU) method and the multi-criteria decision method (MCDM) were employed to select the suitable GCMs for projecting possible changes in precipitation over the KRB. The biases in the climate projections were removed by using the empirical quantile mapping method. The reliability ensemble averaging (REA) method was used to generate the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean of projections and to analyse the spatio-temporal changes of precipitation under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). BCC-CSM2-MR, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, INM-CM5-0, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR were found to be the most suitable GCMs for the KRB. The MME mean of the chosen GCMs showed significant changes in precipitation projection that occurs for a far future period (2071–2100) over the KRB. The projection changes of precipitation range from −36.72 to 83.05% and −37.68 to 95.75% for the annual and monsoon periods, respectively, for various SSPs. Monsoon climate projections show higher changes compared with the annual climate projections, which reveals that precipitation concentration is more during the monsoon period over the KRB.
Response of regional agricultural water use to the change of climate and plantation structure in the typical agricultural region of China
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Sun ShiKun , Li Yingjie , Hu Xinyu , Qi Xinyu , Wang Jiahui , Li Chong , Gao Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate is one of the main factors affecting agricultural water use. The variation of different climate factors will have a great impact on the balance of water supply, which will significantly aggravate the water-related threats to the sustainability of agricultural production. As a typical agricultural area of China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of the major grain-producing areas. In order to evaluate the response of future agricultural water use to future uncertain changeable factors, this study assessed future agricultural water use with the coupling effect of climate change, irrigation efficiency and plantation structure change. The results showed that the temperature and precipitation both increased to different degrees under the two greenhouse gas emission and radiation forcing scenarios, which have great impacts on the crop water requirement (ETc) of main crops. Under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 8.5, a 10% increase in the irrigation water utilization coefficient will reduce the regional irrigation water requirement by about 13 Gm3, and the adjustment of plantation structure will reduce the irrigation water consumption by about 11 Gm3. The quantitative analysis suggests that the improvement of the irrigation efficiency and the expansion of water-saving crop plantation areas in the future will moderate the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural water use. This study provides a reference for the management of agricultural water and the rational distribution of water resources under the future climate change.
Molecular Signaling Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Dana Parisa Maleki , Sadoughi Fatemeh , Asemi Zatollah , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Among primary bone malignancies, osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common
form causing morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. The interesting point
about this malignancy is that nearly 10-20% of its newly diagnosed cases have developed
metastasis. This adds up to the fact that the survival rate of both metastatic and non-metastatic
patients of osteosarcoma has not changed in the past 30 years; therefore, it has
been suggested that we need to revise our therapeutic options for OS. In recent years, diverse
signaling pathways have drawn the attention of the scientific community since they
can be great candidates for treating complicated diseases, such as cancer. In this review,
we have tried to explain the pathophysiology of osteosarcoma with the help of different
signaling pathways taking part in its initiation/progression and explore how this pathway
can be targeted for providing more efficient methods.
Chemically Modified Chitosan Supports for Phosphine-free Pd-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids with Acid Chlorides
Authors: Kong Hyoung-Jun , Bang Do-Won , Kim Minji , Park Soo-Youl , Kim Seung-Hoi 
Published: February 2022

Backgroung:Phosphine-free Pd-catalytic platforms, i) combination with chitosan- Schiff base (CS-Py/Pd), ii) immobilized on chitosan-Schiff base (CS-Py@Pd), and iii) anchored to modified carbon nanotube support (CNT@CS-Py@Pd),Methods:They were evaluated regarding a novel pathway for the cross-coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with acid chlorides.Results:The CS-Py@Pd platform had the highest catalytic efficiency of the three platforms, yielding moderate to excellent yields of diaryl ketones.Conclusion:The catalytic activity of the Pd-catalyst was highly dependent upon the manufacturing process and type of support.
Organoboronic Acids: A Chance for Improving Photochemistry
Authors: Kliś Tomasz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Photoredox catalysis as a powerful strategy for the activation of small molecules
requires the use of reactants which are suitable to undergo single-electron transfer with the
formation of radicals. In this perspective, we highlight the unique ability of organoboronic acid
derivatives to form radicals under photoredox catalysis conditions with particular emphasis
placed on the methods of activation of B-C bonds. Key to facilitate the activation relies on use
of easily oxidizable organoboronate complexes: organotrifluoroborates, alkoxyorganoboronates
or nitrogen-containing Lewis base adducts. The low reduction potentials of these compounds
allows facile single-electron oxidation to generate non-stabilized alkyl radicals, including
primary radicals, under mild conditions. The use of molecular oxygen is also a common
way to activate boronic acids in photocatalytic reactions. The role of the oxygen relies on addition
of the oxygen anion-radical formed in the photocatalytic cycle to the boron center affording the easily oxidizable
boronate adduct. Amongst the variety of activation methods, the protocols avoiding the use of external Lewis
base are especially valuable. This has been demonstrated in visible-light-mediated alkenylation of alkylboronic
acids using alkenylsulfones as coupling partners. The radical species resulting from alkylboronic acid derivatives
could be utilized in the formation of C–X or C–C bonds including enantioselective photoreactions. The application
of boronic acids in the visible light-driven installation of side chains at dehydroalanine residues in proteins shows
the increasing role of these compounds in future syntheses of complex natural products.
Repurposing Ayush-64 for COVID-19: A Computational Study Based on
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: K.C. Mahija , K.A. Abdul Nazeer 
Published: February 2022

Background:
As COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect people’s lives, the government
of India gave emergency use approval to the ayurvedic antimalarial drug Ayush-64 in April
2021 to treat asymptomatic COVID-19 positive and mild COVID-19 positive patients.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Ayush-64 to treat COVID-19 and
provide a new approach for repurposing Ayurvedic drugs.

Methods:
The bioactives present in Ayush-64 were found along with their targets, and a plantbioactive-
target network was created. A protein-protein interaction network of the common targets
of Ayush-64 and COVID-19 was constructed and analyzed to find the key targets of Ayush-64 associated
with the disease. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed to find
COVID-19 related biological processes and pathways involved by the key targets. The key bioactives
were docked with SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CL, native Human Angiotensin-converting
Enzyme ACE2, Spike protein S1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RdRp.

Results:
From the 336 targets for Ayush-64, we found 38 key targets. Functional enrichment analysis
of the key targets resulted in 121 gene ontology terms and 38 pathways. When molecular
docking was performed with four receptors, thirteen bioactives showed good binding affinity comparable
to that of the eight drugs presently used to treat COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking study of Ayush-64 revealed
that it can be recommended to treat COVID-19. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed
to confirm the results. The study demonstrated a new approach for repurposing Ayurvedic drugs.
Vitamin K Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Where is
the Evidence?
Authors: Roumeliotis Stefanos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Schurgers Leon J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients,
progresses gradually with deterioration of kidney function and is a strong, independent predictor of
cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), the most potent inhibitor of VC, requires
vitamin K as a co-factor to become biologically active. Accumulating epidemiological data have associated
vitamin K depletion with VC progression and CV outcomes. CKD patients are characterized by
poor vitamin K status and at the same time, pronounced CV calcification. In early and advanced CKD,
including end-stage kidney disease, exogenous supplementation of vitamin K (especially with menaquinone
7, its most bioavailable form) might decrease the inactive form of MGP (dephosphorylated, uncarboxylated
MGP) and probably retard the progression or even reverse VC. Here, we focus and discuss
the interventional human studies of vitamin K supplementation in CKD patients and suggest future directions
in this area of interest.
Collaborative Mining of Whole Genome Sequences for Intelligent HIV-1
Sub-Strain(s) Discovery
Authors: Ekpenyong Moses E. , Adegoke Anthony A. , Edoho Mercy E. , Inyang Udoinyang G. , Udo Ifiok J. , Ekaidem Itemobong S. , Osang Francis , Uto Nseobong P. , Geoffery Joseph I. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Effective global antiretroviral vaccines and therapeutic strategies depend
on the diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of their various strains as well as their transmission
and pathogenesis. Most viral disease-causing particles are clustered into a taxonomy of subtypes to
suggest pointers toward nucleotide-specific vaccines or therapeutic applications of clinical significance
sufficient for sequence-specific diagnosis and homologous viral studies. These are very useful
to formulate predictors to induce cross-resistance to some retroviral control drugs being used across
study areas.

Objective:
This research proposed a collaborative framework of hybridized (Machine Learning and
Natural Language Processing) techniques to discover hidden genome patterns and feature predictors
for HIV-1 genome sequences mining.

Method:
630 human HIV-1 genome sequences above 8500 bps were excavated from the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) for 21
countries across different continents, except for Antarctica. These sequences were transformed and
learned using a self-organizing map (SOM). To discriminate emerging/new sub-strain(s), the HIV-1
reference genome was included as part of the input isolates/samples during the training. After training
the SOM, component planes defining pattern clusters of the input datasets were generated for
cognitive knowledge mining and subsequent labeling of the datasets. Additional genome features,
including dinucleotide transmission recurrences, codon recurrences, and mutation recurrences, were
finally extracted from the raw genomes to construct output classification targets for supervised
learning.

Results:
SOM training explains the inherent pattern diversity of HIV-1 genomes as well as interand
intra-country transmissions in which mobility might play an active role, as corroborated by the
literature. Nine sub-strains were discovered after disassembling the SOM correlation hunting matrix
space attributed to disparate clusters. Cognitive knowledge mining separated similar pattern clusters
bounded by a certain degree of correlation range, as discovered by the SOM. Kruskal-Wallis ranksum
test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed statistically significant variations in dinucleotide, codon,
and mutation patterns.

Conclusion:
Results of the discovered sub-strains and response clusters visualizations corroborate
the existing literature, with significant haplotype variations. The proposed framework would assist
in the development of decision support systems for easy contact tracing, infectious disease surveillance,
and studying the progressive evolution of the reference HIV-1 genome.
Synthesis of Pyrimidine Hybrids Based on 4H-Pyran and 4H-Chromene
Privileged Structures
Authors: Zonouz Adeleh Moshtaghi , Ghaffari, Parisa , Pourreza Azita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
A combinatorial library of pyrimidine hybrids based on 4H-chromene and 4H-pyran privileged
structures has been developed by reacting phenyl isothiocyanate with chromene derivatives 1a-j
and pyranopyrazoles 2a-f in refluxing dry pyridine, respectively. Thus, the target pyrimidine hybrids
3a-j and 4a-f were obtained in good yields with a simple reaction strategy.
Identification and Validation of Hydroxychavicol from Betel Leaf as a
Promising Breast Cancer Inhibitor: An In vitro and In silico Analysis
Authors: Langeswaran K. , Sangavi P. , Sangeetha R. 
Published: February 2022

Aim:
This study aimed at identifying promising breast cancer inhibitors through in vitro and
in silico studies.

Background:
Piper betel. L. is a traditional herb used for varied ailments.

Objective:
The present study is designed to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic potency of HC against the
MCF-7 cell line by in vitro analysis. Further in silico examination was performed to detect and formulate
protein-ligand complex of HC using molecular docking technique.

Methods:
In vitro study was conducted using MTT assay and microscopic examinations to determine
the cell viability and morphological changes in MCF-7 cells. In silico, scrutiny was performed using
virtual screening, Docking, ADME, DFT analysis, MMGBSA, and molecular dynamic simulation to
evaluate hydroxychavicol stability.

Results:
HC showed an outstanding anti-cancer potential, with dose- and time-dependent patterns in
MTT assay and through the fluctuating organization of MCF-7 cells. In silico analysis showed that the
selected lead compound-complex exhibited good stability and was a highly potent inhibitor against the
target breast cancer protein.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed that HC might be an alternate potential inhibitor against breast cancer.
Nanocapsules: An Emerging Drug Delivery System
Authors: Purohit Deepika , Jalwal Pawan , Manchanda Deeksha , Saini Sapna , Verma Ravinder , Kaushik Deepak , Mittal Vineet , Kumar Manish , Bhattacharya Tanima , Rahman Md. Habibur , Dutt Rohit , Pandey Parijat 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Controlled drug release and site-specific delivery of drugs make nanocapsules the most approbative drug delivery system for various kinds of drugs, bioactive, protein, and peptide compounds. Nanocapsules (NCs) are spherical shape microscopic shells consisting of a core (solid or liquid) in which the drug is positioned in a cavity enclosed by a distinctive polymeric membrane.

Objectives:
The main objective of the present study is to elaborate on various formulation techniques and methods of nanocapsules (NCs). The review also spotlights various biomedical applications as well as on the patents of NCs till date.

Methods:
The review was extracted from the searches performed using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, and Google Scholars, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of NCs, some published patents of NCs have been also reported in the review.

Results:
NCs are tiny magical shells having incredible reproducibility. Various techniques can be used to formulate NCs. The pharmaceutical performance of the formulated NCs can be judged by evaluating their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, etc. using different analytical techniques. Their main applications are found in the field of agrochemicals, genetic manipulation, cosmetics, hygiene items, strategic distribution of drugs to tumors, nanocapsule bandages to combat infection, and radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
In the present review, our team made a deliberate effort to summarize the recent advances in the field of NCs and focus on new patents related to the implementation of NCs delivery systems in the area of some life-threatening disorders like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
Theranostic Applications of Stimulus-Responsive Systems based on Fe2O3
Authors: Pourmadadi Mehrab , Ahmadi Mohammad Javad , Dinani Homayoon Soleimani , Ajalli Narges , Dorkoosh Farid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
According to the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems, enthusiasm for
nanotechnology in biomedical applications has been developed in the past decades. Fe2O3 nanoparticles,
as the most stable iron oxide, have special merits that make them useful widely for detecting
diseases, therapy, drug delivery, and monitoring the therapeutic process. This review presents the
fabrication methods of Fe2O3-based materials and their photocatalytic and magnetic properties.
Then, we highlight the application of Fe2O3-based nanoparticles in diagnosis and imaging, different
therapy methods, and finally, stimulus-responsive systems, such as pH-responsive, magneticresponsive,
redox-responsive, and enzyme-responsive, with an emphasis on cancer treatment. In
addition, the potential of Fe2O3 to combine diagnosis and therapy within a single particle called
theranostic agent will be discussed.