bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The advances in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage repair
Authors: Qiao Kai , Xu Lu , Tang Junnan , Wang Qiguang , Lim Khoon S. , Hooper Gary , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Liu Guozhen , Tian Kang , Zhang Weiguo , Cui Xiaolin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the gradual demographic shift toward an aging and obese society, an increasing number of patients are suffering from bone and cartilage injuries. However, conventional therapies are hindered by the defects of materials, failing to adequately stimulate the necessary cellular response to promote sufficient cartilage regeneration, bone remodeling and osseointegration. In recent years, the rapid development of nanomedicine has initiated a revolution in orthopedics, especially in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their capacity to effectively stimulate cellular responses on a nanoscale with enhanced drug loading efficiency, targeted capability, increased mechanical properties and improved uptake rate, resulting in an improved therapeutic effect. Therefore, a comprehensive review of advancements in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage diseases is timely and beneficial. This review firstly summarized the wide range of existing nanotechnology applications in the medical field. The progressive development of nano delivery systems in nanomedicine, including nanoparticles and biomimetic techniques, which are lacking in the current literature, is further described. More importantly, we also highlighted the research advancements of nanomedicine in bone and cartilage repair using the latest preclinical and clinical examples, and further discussed the research directions of nano-therapies in future clinical practice.Graphical Abstract
Exploring the translational challenge for medical applications of ionising radiation and corresponding radiation protection research
Authors: Bockhold Sophie , Foley Shane J. , Rainford Louise A. , Corridori Riccardo , Eberstein Annika , Hoeschen Christoph , Konijnenberg Mark W. , Molyneux-Hodgson Susan , Paulo Graciano , Santos Joana , McNulty Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical applications of ionising radiation and associated radiation protection research often encounter long delays and inconsistent implementation when translated into clinical practice. A coordinated effort is needed to analyse the research needs for innovation transfer in radiation-based high-quality healthcare across Europe which can inform the development of an innovation transfer framework tailored for equitable implementation of radiation research at scale.

Methods
Between March and September 2021 a Delphi methodology was employed to gain consensus on key translational challenges from a range of professional stakeholders. A total of three Delphi rounds were conducted using a series of electronic surveys comprised of open-ended and closed-type questions. The surveys were disseminated via the EURAMED Rocc-n-Roll consortium network and prominent medical societies in the field. Approximately 350 professionals were invited to participate. Participants’ level of agreement with each generated statement was captured using a 6-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as median ≥ 4 with ≥ 60% of responses in the upper tertile of the scale. Additionally, the stability of responses across rounds was assessed.

Results
In the first Delphi round a multidisciplinary panel of 20 generated 127 unique statements. The second and third Delphi rounds recruited a broader sample of 130 individuals to rate the extent to which they agreed with each statement as a key translational challenge. A total of 60 consensus statements resulted from the iterative Delphi process of which 55 demonstrated good stability. Ten statements were identified as high priority challenges with ≥ 80% of statement ratings either ‘Agree’ or ‘Strongly Agree’.

Conclusion
A lack of interoperability between systems, insufficient resources, unsatisfactory education and training, and the need for greater public awareness surrounding the benefits, risks, and applications of ionising radiation were identified as principal translational challenges. These findings will help to inform a tailored innovation transfer framework for medical radiation research.
Women’s experiences throughout the birthing process in health facilities in Arab countries: a systematic review
Authors: Awad Arein , Shalash Aisha , Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mistreatment of women during facility-based childbirth has become a significant public health issue globally and is gaining worldwide attention. This systematic review of quantitative studies aimed to estimate the prevalence of mistreatment women may experience throughout the birthing process in health facilities in Arab countries. The review also aimed to identify the types of mistreatment, terminology, tools, and methods used to address this topic.

Methodology
The search was conducted using three electronic databases: “PubMed,” “Embase,” and “CINAHL” in May 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included and assessed for risk of bias. The analysis was conducted based on the evidence-based typology developed by Bohren et al. as a guide to try to estimate the prevalence of mistreatment.

Results
Eleven studies out of 174 were included. The included studies belonged to only seven Arab countries out of 22 Arab countries. The mistreatment of women during childbirth is still new in the region. Searching within the included studies yielded diverse and indirect terms that were a proxy for the word mistreatment. These terms were not comprehensive to cover different aspects of the topic. The tools that were used to measure the terms widely varied.. Moreover, it was not possible to estimate the prevalence of mistreatment of women due to high heterogeneity among the 11 studies.

Conclusion
The topic of mistreatment of women in Arab countries was not adequately addressed in the studies included in this review. More research on this topic is recommended due to its importance in improving maternal health in the region. However, a standardized and comprehensive terminology for mistreatment of women, a standardized tool, and a standardized methodology are recommended to enable comparability between results and allow pooling to estimate the prevalence.
A novel push–pull central-lever mechanism reduces peak forces and energy-cost compared to hand-rim wheelchair propulsion during a controlled lab-based experiment
Authors: le Rütte Thomas A. , Trigo Fransisca , Bessems Luca , van der Woude Lucas H. V. , Vegter Riemer J. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hand-rim wheelchair propulsion is straining and mechanically inefficient, often leading to upper limb complaints. Previous push–pull lever propulsion mechanisms have shown to perform better or equal in efficiency and physiological strain. Propulsion biomechanics have not been evaluated thus far. A novel push–pull central-lever propulsion mechanism is compared to conventional hand-rim wheelchair propulsion, using both physiological and biomechanical outcomes under low-intensity steady-state conditions on a motor driven treadmill.

Methods
In this 5 day (distributed over a maximum of 21 days) between-group experiment, 30 able-bodied novices performed 60 min (5 × 3 × 4 min) of practice in either the push–pull central lever wheelchair (n = 15) or the hand-rim wheelchair (n = 15). At the first and final sessions cardiopulmonary strain, propulsion kinematics and force production were determined in both instrumented propulsion mechanisms. Repeated measures ANOVA evaluated between (propulsion mechanism type), within (over practice) and interaction effects.

Results
Over practice, both groups significantly improved on all outcome measures. After practice the peak forces during the push and pull phase of lever propulsion were considerably lower compared to those in the handrim push phase (42 ± 10 & 46 ± 10 vs 63 ± 21N). Concomitantly, energy expenditure was found to be lower as well (263 ± 45 vs 298 ± 59W), on the other hand gross mechanical efficiency (6.4 ± 1.5 vs 5.9 ± 1.3%), heart-rate (97 ± 10 vs 98 ± 10 bpm) and perceived exertion (9 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1) were not significantly different between modes.

Conclusion
The current study shows the potential benefits of the newly designed push–pull central-lever propulsion mechanism over regular hand rim wheelchair propulsion. The much lower forces and energy expenditure might help to reduce the strain on the upper extremities and thus prevent the development of overuse injury. This proof of concept in a controlled laboratory experiment warrants continued experimental research in wheelchair-users during daily life.
Disclosure, transparency, and accountability: a qualitative survey of public sector pharmaceutical committee conflict of interest policies in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Parker Lisa , Wong Anna , Fusire Terence , Dimancesco Deirdre , Tisocki Klara , Walkowiak Helena , Vian Taryn , Kohler Jillian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWeak governance over public sector pharmaceutical policy and practice limits access to essential medicines, inflates pharmaceutical prices, and wastes scarce health system resources. Pharmaceutical systems are technically complex and involve extensive interactions between the private and public sectors. For members of public sector pharmaceutical committees, relationships with the private sector can result in conflicts of interest, which may introduce commercial biases into decision-making, potentially compromising public health objectives and health system sustainability. We conducted a descriptive, qualitative study of conflict of interest policies and practices in the public pharmaceutical sector in ten countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor-Leste) between September 2020 and March 2021.ResultsWe identified 45 policy and regulatory documents and triangulated documentary data with 21 expert interviews. Key informants articulated very different governance priorities and conflict of interest concerns depending on the features of their country’s pharmaceutical industry, market size, and national economic objectives related to the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Public sector pharmaceutical policies and regulations consistently contained provisions for pharmaceutical committee members to disclose relevant interests, but contained little detail about what should be declared, when, and how often, nor whether disclosures are evaluated and by whom. Processes for preventing or managing conflicts of interest were less well developed than those for disclosure except for a few key procurement processes. Where processes for managing conflicts of interest were specified, the dominant strategy was to recuse committee members with a conflict of interest from relevant work. Policies rarely specified that committee members should divest or otherwise be free from conflicts of interest.ConclusionsRobust processes for conflict of interest prevention and management could ensure the integrity of decision-making and build public trust in pharmaceutical processes to achieve public health objectives. Upstream approaches including supportive legislative frameworks, the creation of oversight bodies, and strengthening regulatory institutions can also contribute to building cultures of transparency, accountability, and trust.
Localized delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from PLGA microspheres promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Shi Zheng-liang , Fan Zhi-yong , Zhang Hua , Li Shen-tai , Yuan He , Tong Jiu-hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Repair of peripheral nerve defect presents a considerable challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The aim of this study is to develop a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for the treatment of the peripheral nerve defect.

Method
BDNF microspheres were prepared by using an oil-in-water emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and sustained release performance of microspheres was observed and calculated. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and expanded. ADSCs were divided into four groups: control, BDNF, blank microsphere and BDNF microsphere groups. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell migration was determined by Transwell assays. Twenty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent transection damage model on the right sciatic nerve. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle was calculated by comparing the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle from the operated side to that of the normal side. Neuroelectrophysiological testing was performed to assess nerve function recovery. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining.

Results
The microspheres were spherical and had uniform size (46.38 ± 1.00 μm), high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity. In vitro release studies showed that BDNF-loaded microspheres had good sustained release characteristics. The duration of BDNF release was extended to more than 50 days. BDNF or BDNF microsphere promote the proliferation and migration of ADSCs than control group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, BDNF significantly decreased the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and compound amplitude (AMP) (P < 0.05). The nerve fibers in the BDNF microsphere group were closely arranged and uniformly distributed than control group.

Conclusion
BDNF/PLGA sustained-release microsphere could promote the migration of ADSCs and promoted neural differentiation of ADSCs. Moreover, BDNF/PLGA sustained-release microsphere ameliorated nerve conduction velocity and prevented neuralgic amyotrophy.
Effectiveness of an adapted diving mask (Owner mask) for non-invasive ventilation in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paiva Dulciane Nunes , Wagner Litiele Evelin , dos Santos Marinho Sônia Elvira , Dornelles Carlos Fernando Drumond , de Souza Barbosa Juliana Fernandes , de Melo Marinho Patrícia Érika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is indicated to avoid orotracheal intubation (OTI) to reduce hospital stay and mortality. Patients infected by SARS-CoV2 can progress to respiratory failure (RF); however, in the initial phase, they can be submitted to oxygen therapy and NIV. Such resources can produce aerosol and can cause a high risk of contagion to health professionals. Safe NIV strategies are sought, and therefore, the authors adapted diving masks to be used as NIV masks (called an Owner mask).

Objective
To assess the Owner mask safety and effectiveness regarding conventional orofacial mask for patients in respiratory failure with and without confirmation or suspicion of COVID-19.

Methods
A Brazilian multicentric study to assess patients admitted to the intensive care unit regarding their clinical, sociodemographic and anthropometric data. The primary outcome will be the rate of tracheal intubation, and secondary outcomes will include in-hospital mortality, the difference in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PaCO2 levels, time in the intensive care unit and hospitalization time, adverse effects, degree of comfort and level of satisfaction of the mask use, success rate of NIV (not progressing to OTI), and behavior of the ventilatory variables obtained in NIV with an Owner mask and with a conventional face mask. Patients with COVID-19 and clinical signs indicative of RF will be submitted to NIV with an Owner mask [NIV Owner COVID Group (n = 63)] or with a conventional orofacial mask [NIV orofacial COVID Group (n = 63)], and those patients in RF due to causes not related to COVID-19 will be allocated into the NIV Owner Non-COVID Group (n = 97) or to the NIV Orofacial Non-COVID Group (n = 97) in a randomized way, which will total 383 patients, admitting 20% for loss to follow-up.

Discussion
This is the first randomized and controlled trial during the COVID-19 pandemic about the safety and effectiveness of the Owner mask compared to the conventional orofacial mask. Experimental studies have shown that the Owner mask enables adequate sealing on the patient’s face and the present study is relevant as it aims to minimize the aerosolization of the virus in the environment and improve the safety of health professionals.

Trial registration
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): RBR – 7xmbgsz. Registered on 15 April 2021.
Oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis 23017 combined with ellagic acid attenuates intestinal inflammatory injury caused by Eimeria infection by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway
Authors: Yang Xuelian , Pan Xinghui , Jia Zhipeng , Bai Bingrong , Zhi Wenjing , Chen Hang , Ma Chunli , Ma Dexing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether oral administration ofLactobacillus brevis23017 (LB) alone and in combination with ellagic acid inhibits ChTLR15/ChNLRP3/ChIL-1β by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to attenuate intestinal inflammatory injury. Two animal experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, chickens were allocated into 7 groups: PBS, and low, medium and high dosages of live and heat-killed LB, named L/LB(+), M/LB(+) and H/LB(+), and L/LB(−), M/LB(−) and H/LB(−), respectively. In Experiment 2, chickens were divided into 5 groups: PBS, challenge control, and low, medium and high dosages of ellagic acid combined with LB(+), named L/EA + L/LB(+), M/EA + M/LB(+) and H/EA + H/LB(+), respectively. Chickens were gavaged with LB with or without ellagic acid once a day. Then, the mRNA and protein levels of the components of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway found in the caecal tissues were quantified. On Day 7 post-infection withE. tenella, the levels of the components of the ChTLR15/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway in the caeca were again quantified, and the anticoccidial effects were assessed. The results showed that the levels of the genes in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the chickens in the LB(+) groups were higher than those in the LB(−) groups (p < 0.001); those in the H/LB(+) group were higher than those in the M/LB(+) and L/LB(+) groups (p < 0.001); and those in the H/EA + H/LB(+) group showed the highest expression levels compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). After challenge, the chickens in the H/LB(+) group displayed less inflammatory injury than those in the M/LB(+) and L/LB(+) groups (p < 0.05), and the chickens in the H/EA + H/LB(+) group showed stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the other groups (p < 0.05). Thus, these protective effects against infection were consistent with the above results. Overall, significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed in chickens orally gavaged with high dosages of liveL. brevis23017 and ellagic acid, which occurred by regulation of the ChTLR15/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway.
Numerical solution of fractional differential equations with Caputo derivative by using numerical fractional predict–correct technique
Authors: Zabidi Nur Amirah , Majid Zanariah Abdul , Kilicman Adem , Ibrahim Zarina Bibi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFractional differential equations have recently demonstrated their importance in a variety of fields, including medicine, applied sciences, and engineering. The main objective of this study is to propose an Adams-type multistep method for solving differential equations of fractional order. The method is developed by implementing the Lagrange interpolation and taking into account the idea of the Adams–Moulton method for fractional case. The fractional derivative applied in this study is in the Caputo derivative operator. The analysis of the proposed method is presented in terms of order of the method, order of accuracy, and convergence analysis, with the proposed method being proved to converge. The stability of the method is also examined, where the stability regions appear to be symmetric to the real axis for various values of α. In order to validate the competency of the proposed method, several numerical examples for solving linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations are included. The method will be presented in the numerical predict–correct technique for the condition where $\alpha \in (0,1)$
α
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, in which α represents the order of fractional derivatives of $D^{\alpha }y(t)$

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.
70 years of wood modification with fungi
Authors: Stange Stephanie , Wagenführ André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo obtain special wood properties for various technical applications, fungi with their broad spectrum of activity can make a contribution. The foundations for today's mycological wood modifications were laid by researchers who wanted to increase the yield of edible mushrooms. They noticed the changed properties of the wooden substrate by the progressive wood degradation. Controlled use of fungi and an eye for the technical benefits of mycologically degraded wood revolutionized the fundaments of wood modification, primarily biological. In this context, the so-called Myko-Holz (myco-wood) plays a unique role and influences the current research for pencil wood, tone wood or even spalting.
Reviewing recherche presentations of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: case reports
Authors: Jeyakumar Aishwarya , Ramachandran Rajoo , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Jeyakumar Lavanya , Gadupudi Vignesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a type of pseudo-hermaphroditism occurring in males internally due to failure in the Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH)-dependent sex differentiation pathway. Due to absent Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH), the adult male has both the Wolffian and Mullerian duct derivatives. Considering the limited information available in the existing literature, malignant transformation in PMDS has rarely been reported.Case PresentationIn this article we present two cases of PMDS which have complicated in to malignancy with review of literature and histopathological correlation. Both of these patients presented with lower abdominal pain, for which computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis was performed following ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis Both the Wolffian and Mullerian duct derivates were visualized on the above mentioned scans in these genetically confirmed males (46 XY).ConclusionFamiliarity with PMDS is necessary to diagnose the condition. Hence, in this article, we report recherche presentations of Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome which had complicated into malignancies.
The Double Topology: Reflections on the Function and History of Literary Topoi
Authors: Meiner Carsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article sets out to rethink literary topology by way of a three-step argument. The article first critically analyzes how Curtius grounds topoi in Jung's archetypes and how Bakhtin grounds topoi in temporality. The article then proposes to think of literary topoi as originating in cultural and historical reality. At different points in time, new places, discourses, practices, and events arise, and, because of their cultural ubiquity, these cultural phenomena possess obvious conventional functions and meanings, a sort of cultural doxa. Second, however, literature constantly uses these phenomena for purposes other than the primary conventional ones. On the background of this constant literary misuse of culturally conventional phenomena, the article argues that a literary misuse, a heterodox use, is tied to the doxa of these new phenomena, a relation termed the double topology. The article demonstrates how this notion works with respect to new places (the horse carriage), discourses (gastronomy), practices (gallantry), and events (revolts). Third, the article discusses how literary history reflects upon its own heterodox topoi and the constant risk of their becoming clichés. At certain times, critical topoi themselves become clichés, and the article indicates ways in which authors have tried to rework topoi in order for them to become literary resources again.