bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sleep behaviour and pattern with the risk of glaucoma: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Sun Cun , Yang Huazhen , Hu Yihan , Qu Yuanyuan , Hu Yao , Sun Yajing , Ying Zhiye , Song Huan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesGiven the role of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, the patient’s sleeping pattern might contribute to the development and progression of glaucoma. We performed a study to understand the association between sleep behaviours and glaucoma.DesignOur study was a prospective cohort study.SettingThis was a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. Self-reported data on five sleep behaviours were collected using a questionnaire at baseline. We identified four sleep patterns based on a cluster analysis of the sleep behaviours.ParticipantsIn the UK Biobank, 409 053 participants were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed for a diagnosis of glaucoma. We identified glaucoma as any hospital admission with a diagnosis of glaucoma, based on UK Biobank inpatient hospital data. Individuals who withdrew from the UK Biobank, or were diagnosed with glaucoma before recruitment, or had self-reported surgery or laser treatment for glaucoma, or had no information on sleep behaviors were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations of different sleep behaviors, as well as identified sleep patterns, with the risk of glaucoma, adjusting for multiple confounders.ResultsCompared with individuals who had a healthy sleep pattern, an excess risk of any glaucoma was observed among individuals with snoring and daytime sleepiness (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) or insomnia and short/long sleep duration (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20), but not late chronotype sleep pattern (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.03).ConclusionSnoring, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and short/long duration, individually or jointly, were all associated with the risk of glaucoma. These findings underscore the need for sleep intervention for individuals at high risk of glaucoma as well as potential ophthalmologic screening among individuals with chronic sleep problems for glaucoma prevention.
Associations between sociodemographic and behavioural parameters and child development depending on age and sex: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Schild Clara Elise , Meigen Christof , Kappelt Jonas , Kiess Wieland , Poulain Tanja 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo explore environmental and individual factors that are associated with child development and to investigate whether the strength of these associations differs according to the age of the children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study was part of the LIFE Child study, a large cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany.Participants778 children aged between 0.5 and 6 years (48.6% girls, mean age=2.67 years).Outcome measuresThe outcomes were cognitive development, language development, body and hand motor skills, social-emotional development, and tracing skills, measured with a standardised development test. We analysed the associations between development and gestational age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, behavioural difficulties, siblings, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration and overweight/obesity. We also tested for interactions between these variables and child age or sex.ResultsHigher gestational age (b ranging between 0.12 and 0.26) and higher SES (b ranging between 0.08 and 0.21) were associated with better outcomes in almost all developmental domains (all p<0.019). Children with older siblings had improved body and hand motor skills compared with children without older siblings (both b=0.55, all p<0.029). Boys had poorer scores than girls in body and hand motor skills and tracing (b=−0.45, −0.68 and −1.5, all p<0.019). Children with behavioural difficulties had significantly poorer outcomes in most developmental domains. Some of the associations with SES and sex were stronger in older than in younger children. Associations between gestational age and motor development were weaker in older children. We did not find significant associations between child development and sleep duration, breastfeeding duration or overweight/obesity.ConclusionSome factors had a protective, others an adverse effect on development of children under 6 years of age. The effect of SES and sex increased, while the effect of gestational age decreased with age.Trial registration numberNCT02550236.
Association between infections and functional somatic disorders: a cross-sectional population-based cohort study
Authors: Schovsbo Signe Ulfbeck , Møllehave Line Tang , Petersen Marie Weinreich , Ahrendt Bjerregaard Anne , Eliasen Marie , Pedersen Susanne Brix , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Kårhus Line Lund , Fink Per , Linneberg Allan , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Jørgensen Torben , Benros Michael Eriksen 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIt has been suggested that infections can trigger functional somatic disorders (FSD). However, current evidence is limited by inconsistent findings in smaller studies conducted in clinical settings within selected populations and short follow-up times. We aimed to test the hypothesis that former infections are associated with FSD using data from nationwide registries and a large population-based cohort study, the Danish Study of Functional Disorders study.DesignFSD cases were identified in a cross-sectional population-based cohort and linked retrospectively to former hospital contacts with infections identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. The associations between FSD and former infections within 17 years were analysed using logistic regressions to calculate ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for age, sex and subjective social status.SettingA population-based cohort in Denmark examined between 2011 and 2015.ParticipantsA total of 9656 men and women aged 18–76 years.Main outcome measuresFSD measured by various delimitations, including bodily distress syndrome (BDS), irritable bowel (IB), chronic fatigue (CF), chronic widespread pain (CWP), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).ResultsOverall, infections were associated with increased risk of all delimitations of FSD. The associations were more pronounced for multisystemic FSD. The number of prior infections increased the risk in a dose-response manner (p<0.0001). Bacterial but not viral infections were significantly associated with BDS (OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.96)), IB (OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.88)), CWP (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.90)) and CF (OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.96)), but not MCS.ConclusionFormer infections leading to hospital contacts were associated with a higher risk of having FSD. These associations were more pronounced for bacterial than viral infections, and more infections increased the risk in a dose-response manner. These results tend to support the idea that severe infections could play a role in FSD.
Diagnostic performance of S100B as a rule-out test for intracranial pathology in head-injured patients presenting to the emergency department who meet NICE Head Injury Guideline criteria for CT-head scan
Authors: Rogan Alice , Sik Annabelle , Dickinson Emily , Patel Vimal , Peckler Brad , McQuade David , Larsen Peter D 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury is a common ED presentation. CT-head utilisation is escalating, exacerbating resource pressure in the ED. The biomarker S100B could assist clinicians with CT-head decisions by excluding intracranial pathology. Diagnostic performance of S100B was assessed in patients meeting National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence Head Injury Guideline (NICE HIG) criteria for CT-head within 6 and 24 hours of injury.MethodsThis multicentre prospective observational study included adult patients presenting to the ED with head injuries between May 2020 and June 2021. Informed consent was obtained from patients meeting NICE HIG CT-head criteria. A venous blood sample was collected and serum was tested for S100B using a Cobas Elecsys-S100 module; >0.1 µg/mL was the threshold used to indicate a positive test. Intracranial pathology reported on CT-head scan by the duty radiologist was used as the reference standard to review diagnostic performance.ResultsThis study included 265 patients of whom 35 (13.2%) had positive CT-head findings. Within 6 hours of injury, sensitivity of S100B was 93.8% (95% CI 69.8% to 99.8%) and specificity was 30.8% (22.6% to 40.0%). Negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.3% (95% CI 84.2% to 99.6%) and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.85; p=0.003). Within 24 hours of injury, sensitivity was 82.9% (95% CI 66.4% to 93.44%) and specificity was 43.0% (95% CI 36.6% to 49.7%). NPV was 94.29% (95% CI 88.7% to 97.2%) and AUC was 0.65 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.74; p=0.046). Theoretically, use of S100B as a rule-out test would have reduced CT-head scans by 27.1% (95% CI 18.9% to 36.8%) within 6 hours and 37.4% (95% CI 32.0% to 47.2%) within 24 hours. The risk of missing a significant injury with this approach would have been 0.75% (95% CI 0.0% to 2.2%) within 6 hours and 2.3% (95% CI 0.5% to 4.1%) within 24 hours.ConclusionWithin 6 hours of injury, S100B performed well as a diagnostic test to exclude significant intracranial pathology in low-risk patients presenting with head injury. In theory, if used in addition to NICE HIGs, CT-head rates could reduce by one-quarter with a potential miss rate of <1%.
The avoiding late diagnosis of ovarian cancer (ALDO) project; a pilot national surveillance programme for women with pathogenic germline variants inBRCA1andBRCA2
Authors: Philpott Sue , Raikou Maria , Manchanda Ranjit , Lockley Michelle , Singh Naveena , Scott Malcolm , Evans D Gareth , Adlard Julian , Ahmed Munaza , Edmondson Richard , Woodward Emma Roisin , Lamnisos Athena , Balega Janos , Brady Angela F , Sharma Aarti , Izatt Louise , Kulkarni Anjana , Tripathi Vishakha , Solomons Joyce S , Hayes Kevin , Hanson Helen , Snape Katie , Side Lucy , Skates Steve , McGuire Alistair , Rosenthal Adam N 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundOur study aimed to establish ‘real-world’ performance and cost-effectiveness of ovarian cancer (OC) surveillance in women with pathogenic germlineBRCA1/2variants who defer risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO).MethodsOur study recruited 875 femaleBRCA1/2-heterozygotes at 13 UK centres and via an online media campaign, with 767 undergoing at least one 4-monthly surveillance test with the Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm (ROCA) test. Surveillance performance was calculated with modelling of occult cancers detected at RRSO. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated using Markov population cohort simulation.ResultsOur study identified 8 OCs during 1277 women screen years: 2 occult OCs at RRSO (both stage 1a), and 6 screen-detected; 3 of 6 (50%) were ≤stage 3a and 5 of 6 (83%) were completely surgically cytoreduced. Modelled sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for OC were 87.5% (95% CI, 47.3 to 99.7), 99.9% (99.9–100), 75% (34.9–96.8) and 99.9% (99.9–100), respectively. The predicted number of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained by surveillance was 0.179 with an ICER cost-saving of -£102,496/QALY.ConclusionOC surveillance for women deferring RRSO in a ‘real-world’ setting is feasible and demonstrates similar performance to research trials; it down-stages OC, leading to a high complete cytoreduction rate and is cost-saving in the UK National Health Service (NHS) setting. While RRSO remains recommended management, ROCA-based surveillance may be considered for femaleBRCA-heterozygotes who are deferring such surgery.
Stable stellar configurations with polynomial complexity factor
Authors: Zubair M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present two new families of anisotropic solutions for static spherically symmetric stellar systems by taking into account the implications of complexity factor proposed by Herrera (Phys. Rev. D 97:044010, 2018) in the framework of gravitational decoupling. We start by taking minimal geometric deformation approach as a useful solution generating tool for the new physically viable models of anisotropic matter distributions, and utilize the Durgapal IV and Durgapal V perfect fluid stellar models as seed solutions in the mechanism under consideration. We consider a complexity factor which corresponds to a polynomial of order N, and use it as an axillary condition in order to determine the deformation function. We explore the scenarios, in which polynomial type complexity factors leads to stable stellar configurations. In all cases, both solutions produce similar results with an inappreciable changes in their magnitudes.
The Ordovician of Scandinavia: a revised regional stage classification
Authors: Nielsen Arne Thorshøj , Ahlberg Per , Ebbestad Jan Ove R. , Hammer Øyvind , Harper David Alexander Taylor , Lindskog Anders , Rasmussen Christian Mac Ørum , Stouge Svend 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Ordovician of Scandinavia (i.e. Denmark, Norway and Sweden) has been investigated for over two centuries and, through time, various chronostratigraphic schemes have been introduced, facilitating regional correlation. However, a modern chronostratigraphy has never been proposed. Here, we delineate ten regional stages for the Ordovician of Scandinavia, comprising, in ascending order, the Slemmestadian, Ottenbyan, Billingenian, Volkhovian, Kundan, Segerstadian, Dalbyan, Moldåan, Jerrestadian and Tommarpian. We propose to discontinue the use of the term Hunnebergian Regional Stage despite its Scandinavian origin; this interval is included in the new Ottenbyan Stage. The base of each stage, as (re)defined here, is selected to coincide with the appearance of a characteristic fossil taxon and delimited at the top by the base of the overlying stage. The stage boundaries generally coincide with or approximate to significant changes in the depositional environment that are recognizable across Scandinavia from the carbonate platform to the foreland basin. Local efficacy has been the primary criterion for the recognition of Scandinavian stage boundaries rather than approximating to the global or East Baltic stage boundaries. It is proposed to abolish the Baltoscandian regional series and subseries, as correlation with the global series is sufficiently precise to make these higher rank regional schemes redundant.
Waveform Relaxation with Asynchronous Time-integration
Authors: Meisrimel Peter , Birken Philipp 
Published: November 2022

We consider Waveform Relaxation (WR) methods for parallel and partitioned time-integration of surface-coupled multiphysics problems. WR allows independent time-discretizations on independent and adaptive time-grids, while maintaining high time-integration orders. Classical WR methods such as Jacobi or Gauss-Seidel WR are typically either parallel or converge quickly.We present a novel parallel WR method utilizing asynchronous communication techniques to get both properties. Classical WR methods exchange discrete functions after time-integration of a subproblem. We instead asynchronously exchange time-point solutions during time-integration and directly incorporate all new information in the interpolants. We show both continuous and time-discrete convergence in a framework that generalizes existing linear WR convergence theory. An algorithm for choosing optimal relaxation in our new WR method is presented.Convergence is demonstrated in two conjugate heat transfer examples. Our new method shows an improved performance over classical WR methods. In one example, we show a partitioned coupling of the compressible Euler equations with a nonlinear heat equation, with subproblems implemented using the open source librariesDUNEandFEniCS.
The Heat Is On: 20-HETE Instructs an Immunosuppressive Phenotype in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Van Ginderachter Jo A. 
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapy of cancer is a burgeoning field of research since the realization that our immune system intrinsically has the capacity to restrict tumor occurrence and progression. Though strategies to maximize antitumor T-cell activation are well established, the efficacy of these therapies is limited by an insufficient knowledge of the intricate tumor microenvironment and its capacity to thwart antitumor immunity. Chen and colleagues now uncover a novel immunosuppressive pathway in non–small cell lung carcinoma. Overexpression of cytochrome P450F2 in cancer cells increases production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, which instructs the expression of immunosuppressive molecules in cancer-associated fibroblasts by binding the GPR75 receptor and activating STAT3/c-Jun signaling. This work proposes several innovative therapeutic anchor points that may improve the efficacy of existing immunotherapies.
See related article by Chen et al., p. 4016
Developmental Deconvolution Suggests New Tumor Biology and a Tool for Predicting Cancer Origin
Authors: Wang Linghua 
Published: November 2022

Summary:
Defining the developmental origins of cancer can help uncover cellular mechanisms of cancer development and progression and identify effective treatments, but it has been challenging. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Moiso and colleagues constructed a developmental map of 33 cancer types, based on which they deconvoluted tumors into developmental components and constructed a deep learning classifier capable of high- accuracy tumor type prediction.
See related article by Moiso et al., p. 2566 (4) .
Enhancing Sweat Rate Using a Novel Device for the Treatment of Congestion in Heart Failure
Authors: Aronson Doron , Nitzan Yaacov , Petcherski Sirouch , Bravo Evgeny , Habib Manhal , Burkhoff Daniel , Abraham William T. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Current treatment of fluid retention in heart failure relies primarily on diuretics. However, adequate decongestion is not achieved in many patients. We aimed to study the feasibility and short-term performance of a novel approach to remove fluids and sodium directly from the interstitial compartment by enhancing sweat rate.

Methods:
We used a device designed to enhance fluid and salt loss via the eccrine sweat glands. Skin temperature in the lower body was increased from 35 °C to 38 °C, where the slope of the relationship between temperature and sweat production is linear. The sweat evaporates instantaneously, thus avoiding the awareness of perspiration. The primary efficacy endpoint was the ability to increase skin temperature to the desired range. A secondary efficacy endpoint was a clinically meaningful hourly sweat output, defined as ≥150 mL/h. The primary safety endpoint was any procedure-related adverse events.

Results:
We studied 6 normal subjects and 18 patients with congestion. Participants underwent 3 treatment sessions of up to 4 hours. Skin temperature increased to a median of 37.5 °C (interquartile range, 37.1–37.9 °C) with the median core temperature increasing by 0.2 °C (interquartile range, 0.1–0.3 °C). The median hourly weight loss during treatment was 215 g/h (interquartile range, 165–285; range, 100–344 g/h). In 80% of treatment procedures, the average sweat rate was ≥150 mL/h. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables or renal function and no procedure-related adverse events.

Conclusions:
Enhancing sweat rate was safe and resulted in a clinically meaningful fluid removal and weight loss.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04578353.
In Defense of Modular Thinking
Authors: Wyble Brad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this issue, Pessoa emphasizes the importance of viewing neural activity from a perspective that functional networks form dynamically in a way that dramatically changes the functional contribution of individual brain areas. In this response, I argue that we should strive toward pluralism in understanding neural activity at both the emergent network and modular levels, on the bases that a purely emergent understanding would be incomplete, and that there are computational advantages to anatomically stable modularity.
Machine Learning for Ranking Factors of Global and Regional Protest Destabilization with a Special Focus on Afrasian Instability Macrozone
Authors: Medvedev Ilya , Ustyuzhanin Vadim , Zinkina Julia , Korotayev Andrey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Based on the experience of previous studies, the authors use machine learning methods at two levels for evaluating predictors of instability. First, they analyze the factors that lead to instability in general; second, they focus on the factors that influence the intensity of instability. Their analysis relies on data on mass protest destabilization. The system for assessing predictors of nonviolent destabilization is modernized and a two-level model is developed for ranking the factors of instability. After that, using Shapley vectors, all predictors within the final model are estimated and quantified. The authors analyze several subsamples: the world as a whole, the World System core and periphery, and the Afrasian instability macrozone. The result shows that the division of the original database into world-system zones, as well as specifying the Afrasian zone as a separate entity makes sense. The results obtained through machine learning are further cross-validated with more traditional regression models.
Oblique Paths to Truth – Myth and Bodily Elements in Simone Weil, Jeanne Hersch and María Zambrano
Authors: Severini Piergiacomo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze in which way Simone Weil, Jeanne Hersch and María Zambrano relaunch bodily elements both in the rational search for truth and in the language they use for expressing it. In particular, the focus is on these women philosophers’ reflection on well-known myths and mythical stories which show how bodily elements precede consciousness and reason. In these stories, it emerges the impossibility of knowing the Truth directly through the objects and the necessity of elaborating indirect paths to transcendent truth. This paper should shed light on the endeavour to reintegrate the human bind to the marginal world, which is peculiar to women philosophers in the History of Philosophy, thus indicating a path to the human search for meaning that is alternative to the mainstream Western male philosophical one.
PATMOS-x Version 6.0: 40 Years of Merged AVHRR and HIRS Global Cloud Data
Authors: Foster Michael J. , Phillips Coda , Heidinger Andrew K. , Borbas Eva E. , Li Yue , Menzel W. Paul , Walther Andi , Weisz Elisabeth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new version of the PATMOS-x multidecadal cloud record, version 6.0, has been produced and is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. A description of the processes and methods used for generating the dataset are presented, with a focus on the differences between version 6.0 and the previous version of PATMOS-x, version 5.3. The new version appears both to be more stable, with less intersatellite variability, and to have more consistent polar cloud detection, phase distribution, and cloud-top height distribution when compared against the MODIS EOS record. Improvements in consistency and performance are attributed to the addition of multidimensional variables for cloud detection, constraining cloud retrievals to radiometric bands available throughout the record, and the addition of data from the HIRS instrument.

Significance Statement
The PATMOS-x project produces multidecadal cloudiness records from polar-orbiting satellites. Version 6.0 combines imager and sounder data from 15 satellites and shows significant improvements in accuracy and stability.