bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance of the Rutgeerts Score, SES-CD, and MM-SES-CD for Prediction of Postoperative Clinical Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C L , Dulai Parambir S , Marshall John K , Jairath Vipul , Reinisch Walter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
We compared the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) and Modified Multiplied SES-CD (MM-SES-CD) scores with the Rutgeerts score for predicting clinical recurrence (CR) of postoperative Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
This post hoc analysis of the prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing remicade and placebo in the prevention of recurrence in Crohn’s disease patients undergoing surgical resection who are at an increased risk of recurrence (PREVENT) study used receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to compare the Rutgeerts, SES-CD, and MM-SES-CD scores at week 76 for subsequent CR by week 104 in 208 participants. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated cutoffs for the odds of experiencing CR by week 104, after adjustment for confounders. CR was defined as Crohn’s Disease Activity Index score ≥200 and ≥70-point increase from baseline (or development of fistulas, abscesses, or treatment failure) and endoscopic recurrence by week 104, defined as Rutgeerts score ≥i2.

Results
The week 76 Rutgeerts score predicted CR by week 104 with fair accuracy (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.83), which was similar to the SES-CD ileum score (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64-0.80) and the MM-SES-CD ileum score (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.80). Compared with cutoffs by the other scores, the MM-SES-CD total score ≥26 at week 76 had the highest odds ratio to predict CR by week 104. Patients with a week 76 MM-SES-CD total score ≥26 were 4.41 times (95% CI, 2.06-9.43, P &lt; .001) more likely to have CR by week 104 compared with those with an MM-SES-CD total score &lt;26.

Conclusions
The SES-CD and MM-SES-CD perform similarly to the Rutgeerts score for predicting subsequent CR of postoperative CD. The MM-SES-CD threshold of ≥26 was predictive of postoperative CR. Clinicians and trialists could consider using the SES-CD or MM-SES-CD to assess postoperative CD given their ability to capture colonic disease recurrence and predict CR.
De Novo Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Tale of 2 Sisters
Authors: Preziosi Nicholas A , Rizvi Areeba H , Feerick John D , Mandelia Chetan 
Published: June 2022

Lay Summary
We present a report of 2 sisters who developed acute onset hematochezia concurrently with SARS-CoV-2 infection. One patient recovered completely, whereas the sibling developed chronic symptoms leading to a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis requiring biologic therapy.
A review of research on design theory and engineering practice of high-speed railway turnout
Authors: Wang Ping , Xu Jingmang , Wang Shuguo , Qian Yao , Chen Rong , Yang Fei , Fang Jiasheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper systematically reviews the research progress, problems, specific countermeasures, and development trends of dynamic design theory as applied to high-speed railway turnouts. This includes wheel–rail contact solving, high-speed vehicle–turnout dynamic interaction simulation, analysis of long-term turnout performance deterioration, safety assessment of trains passing through the turnout, and the maintenance and management of turnout serviceability. High-speed turnouts still face severe technical challenges with regard to their acclimation to the future development of rail transit technology. Some of these challenges include the suitability of next-generation higher-speed turnouts to a complex environment, lifecycle design, optimization of wheel–rail matching and vehicle–turnout dynamic performance, real-time status capture and performance assessment, health management and damage prediction. It is now necessary to deepen the basic theoretical study of high-speed railway turnouts, and integrate cutting-edge techniques, such as advanced materials and manufacturing, intelligence and automation, big data and cloud computing, in an effort to enhance China’s capabilities for original innovation in high-speed railway turnout technology. By analysing the present situation in a problem-orientated manner, this paper aims to provide a new perspective, as well as some basic data for academic research into technological innovations for railway engineering.
Making and Unmaking a “Bactericidal” Organism: Sterile Surgical Maggots and Organic Antiseptics in Inter-War America
Authors: Quick Tom 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article charts the popularization of and eventual disengagement with an approach to wound infection control centered on the medical efficacy of living beings (maggots) in 1920s and 1930s America. Baltimore surgeon William Stevenson Baer successfully drew on his wartime experience to promote the use of sterile or “surgical” maggots in the treatment for deep-seated bone infection at this time. This article situates the practices he promoted in the context of President Herbert Hoover's contemporary establishment of the “associative state,” thereby drawing out the relevance of the latter to medical governance. In so doing, it conveys an image of the development of early twentieth-century infection control that contrasts with narratives centered on medically productive aspects of biomedical industrialization and specialization. The incorporation of surgical maggot research and evaluation within the United States Department of Agriculture played a critical role in the subsequent abandonment of the use of maggots as medical aides. Hoover's orientation of this institution towards the support of large-scale private enterprise helped motivate efforts to synthetically replicate (and thereby displace) maggots' medical efficacy. Ultimately, maggot-based therapeutics proved incompatible with conditions created by the orientation of American governmental institutions towards corporate subsidy rather than the support of individuals.
Duplicate appendix complicated by low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm: a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Suzuki Kensuke , Shimizu Yasuhito , Hirota Mihono , Fujino Masafumi , Nobumoto Daigo , Kubosawa Hitoshi , Oda Kenji , Ohtsuka Masayuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) have been a very controversial tumor, and there is a lack of standardization for the optimal surgical procedure due to the infrequency of this disease. This is the first case report of duplicate appendix complicated by LAMN. The preoperative imaging examinations revealed that the mucinous tumor was shrinking spontaneously, allowing for safe laparoscopic resection. The histopathological findings indicated a dilated common base of the duplicated appendix, suggesting that the mucinous content drained spontaneously to the cecum. Further studies of the various complications of LAMNs are needed to establish the optimal surgical approach for LAMNs.
Treatment of a recurrent ischial ulcer with injected exosomes
Authors: Messa Genevieve E , Tiongco Rafael P , Lau Frank H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) affect 2.5 million patients per year. Even after successful reconstruction, 50% of PUs recur. Patients with multiply recurrent PUs eventually consume all locoregional donor sites. This underscores the need for novel, less invasive approaches in PU reconstruction. Here, we report the first successful use of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in PU reconstruction. The patient presented with a right ischial ulcer that persisted despite 9 months of wound care and appropriate antibiotic therapy. After six subcutaneous ExoFlo exosome injections over 8 weeks, the PU was completely healed. Additional studies of this promising technology should be performed.
The long-term survival and functional maturation of human iNPC-derived neurons in the basal forebrain of cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Feng Su , Zhang Ting , Ke Wei , Xiao Yujie , Guo Zhong , Lu Chunling , Li Shuntang , Guo Zhongxin , Liu Yuanyuan , Tan Guohe , Chen Yingying , Yue Feng , Shu Yousheng , Yue Chunmei , Jing Naihe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNPCs) are a promising source of cells for stem cell-based therapy. The therapeutic potential of human iNPCs has been extensively tested in animal models, including both mouse and monkey models. However, the comprehensive characterization of grafted iNPCs in the brain of non-human primates has been lagged behind. In this study, we transplanted human iNPCs into the basal forebrain of adult cynomolgus monkeys. We found that grafted iNPCs predominantly differentiated into neurons that displayed long-term survival up to 12 months. Additionally, iNPC-derived human neurons gradually matured in term of morphology and subtype differentiation. More excitingly, we observed that human neurons displayed electrophysiological activities resembling those of mature neurons, indicating the acquisition of functional membrane properties. Collectively, this study systematically characterized human iNPCs in the brain of non-human primates, and will provide invaluable clues for developing safe and effective stem cell-based therapies for different brain disorders.
Vasovagal Electrophysiology on 12-Lead ECG After Venipuncture
Authors: Redondo Jose , Conte Lisa M , Seda Gilbert 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Vasovagal syncope is the most common form of syncope seen in young and otherwise healthy active duty service members. Although self-limiting, syncopal events often produce a significant drain of medical resources because of their sudden and often dramatic presentation, which can be associated with traumatic injuries secondary to loss in postural tone. Malignant differential pathologies associated with syncopal presentation need to be ruled out, which in turn further diminishes resources, especially in a deployed environment that is often in austere, remote locations with a lack of readily available medical supplies. We present a case of vasovagal syncope experienced by a 20-year-old sailor shortly after venipuncture and the 12-lead electrocardiogram captured shortly after presentation. This case highlights the unique electrophysiology during a vasovagal episode and the impact a relatively benign condition has on medical operations in the operational setting.
Neofunctionalization of a Noncoding Portion of a DNA Transposon in the Coding Region of the Chimerical Sex-Determining Gene dm-W in Xenopus Frogs
Authors: Hayashi Shun , Suda Kosuke , Fujimura Fuga , Fujikawa Makoto , Tamura Kei , Tsukamoto Daisuke , Evans Ben J , Takamatsu Nobuhiko , Ito Michihiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most vertebrate sex-determining genes (SDGs) emerge as neofunctionalized genes through duplication and/or mutation of ancestral genes that are involved with sexual differentiation. We previously demonstrated dm-W to be the SDG in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis and found that a portion of this gene emerged from the masculinization gene dmrt1 after allotetraploidization by interspecific hybridization between two ancestral species around 17–18 Ma. dm-W has four exons consisting of a noncoding exon 1, dmrt1-derived exons 2 and 3, and an orphan exon 4 (Ex4) of unknown origin that includes coding sequence (CDS). In this study, we searched for the origin of Ex4 and investigated the function of the CDS of this exon. We found that the Ex4-CDS is derived from a noncoding portion of the hAT-10 family of DNA transposon. Evolutionary analysis of transposons and determination of the Ex4 sequences from three other species indicated that Ex4 was generated before the diversification of most or all extant allotetraploid species in subgenus Xenopus, during which time we hypothesize that transposase activity of this hAT superfamily was active. Using DNA–protein binding and transfection assays, we further demonstrate that the Ex4-encoded amino acid sequence increases the DNA-binding ability and transrepression activity of DM-W. These findings suggest that the conversion of the noncoding transposon sequence to the CDS of dm-W contributed to neofunctionalization of a new chimeric SDG in the ancestor of the allotetraploid Xenopus species, offering new insights into de novo origin and functional evolution of chimerical genes.
Recovery from the damage of cranial radiation modulated by memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: Hokama Yohei , Nishimura Masahiko , Usugi Ryoichi , Fujiwara Kyoko , Katagiri Chiaki , Takagi Hiroshi , Ishiuchi Shogo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy is an important treatment option for central nervous system malignancies. However, cranial radiation induces hippocampal dysfunction and white matter injury; this leads to cognitive dysfunction, and results in a reduced quality of life in patients. Excitatory glutamate signaling through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays a central role both in hippocampal neurogenesis and in the myelination of oligodendrocytes in the cerebrum.

Methods
We provide a method for quantifying neurogenesis in human subjects in live brain during cancer therapy. Neuroimaging using originally created behavioral tasks was employed to examine human hippocampal memory pathway in patients with brain disorders.

Results
Treatment with memantine, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, reversed impairment in hippocampal pattern separation networks as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hyperbaric preconditioning of the patients just before radiotherapy with memantine mostly reversed white matter injury as detected by whole brain analysis with Tract-Based Spatial Statics. Neuromodulation combined with the administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and memantine during radiotherapy facilitated the restoration of hippocampal function and white matter integrity, and improved higher cognitive function in patients receiving cranial radiation.

Conclusions
The method described herein, for diagnosis of hippocampal dysfunction, and therapeutic intervention can be utilized to restore some of the cognitive decline experienced by patients who have received cranial radiation. The underlying mechanism of restoration is the production of new neurons, which enhances functionality in pattern separation networks in the hippocampi, resulting in an increase in cognitive score, and restoration of microstructural integrity of white matter tracts revealed by Tract-Based Spatial Statics Analysis.
Trends in Socio-economic Inequality in Smoking Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Evidence From the 2011 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Tai-Yi , Qiu De-Chao , Song Fujian , Chen Ting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Socio-economic inequalities in smoking and related health problems are a public health concern worldwide. To support the development of effective tobacco control policies, this study examines trends in smoking rates according to socio-economic status (SES) in China.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed data from repeated cross-sectional China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) on adults aged ≥45 years for the years 2011 and 2018, which involved 16 471 participants in 2011 and 19 367 in 2018. We then estimated the SES of individuals based on four types of wealth-related variables, namely, education, occupation, household characteristics, and durable consumer goods. Principal-component analysis was conducted to measure SES, and the Erreygers normalised concentration index (ECI) was used to calculate socio-economic inequality in current smoking by gender, age, and region.

Results
The overall ECI (95% confidence interval) for women was −0.042 (−0.054 to −0.031) and −0.038 (−0.047 to −0.029) for 2011 and 2018, respectively. The ECI (95% confidence interval) for men was −0.077 (−0.101 to −0.050) and −0.019 (−0.042 to 0.005) for 2011 and 2018, respectively. The inequality in smoking by SES for adults aged &lt; 60 years in the Northeast region increased during 2011–2018, from −0.069 (−0.144 to 0.006) to −0.119 (−0.199 to −0.038) for women and from 0.009 (−0.115 to 0.132) to −0.164 (−0.296 to −0.032) for men.

Conclusions
smoking inequality by socio-economic among adults aged ≥45 years declined in recent years in China. However, smoking inequality by SES increased in other population groups.

Implications
Our research indicated that socio-economic inequality of current smoking among residents aged 45 years and older declined in 2018 when compared with 2011 numbers, particularly for men aged ≥ 60 years. Women in the Northeast region displayed more significant smoking inequality by SES than women in other regions did. During the study period, there was an increase in inequality in smoking by SES for adults aged &lt; 60 years in the Northeast region. Thus, tobacco control policies and interventions should be targeted at high-risk subpopulations with lower SES, particularly in Northeast China.
Long-term follow-up of young denim sandblasters in Turkey
Authors: Albez F S , Araz Ö , Yılmazel Uçar E , Alper F , Karaman A , Sağlam L , Akgün M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDenim sandblasting-induced silicosis is a recently identified occupational disease.AimsIn this study, we aimed to evaluate pulmonary and radiological changes in the long-term follow-up of former denim sandblasters.MethodsNinety former denim sandblasters were followed from 2007 to 2018. Chest X-rays were evaluated according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) classification. Baseline and final data were compared. Silicosis prevalence, radiological progression and pulmonary dysfunction were evaluated.ResultsAll of the sandblasters were men. Their mean age was 34 ± 5 years, mean follow-up time was 9 ± 2 years (mean time since initial exposure: 17 ± 2 years) and mean duration of exposure was 34 ± 25 months. Rates of radiological progression and decline in pulmonary during follow-up were 63% and 39%, respectively. During follow-up, all patients were diagnosed with silicosis. All workers who were ILO category 0 at baseline (n = 26, 29%) progressed to higher categories. The number of patients in Category 2 doubled and the number of patients in Category 3 increased by 2.5-fold. Eleven patients developed new large opacities and the number of patients with category C opacity increased from 4 to 13. Exposure time was an independent determinant of radiological progression (OR: 1.0, P = 0.036) and decline in pulmonary function (OR: 1.3, P = 0.019).ConclusionsThe prevalence of silicosis in denim sandblasters increases steadily even after exposure is discontinued. Radiological progression was observed in a higher proportion of workers than a decline in lung function. Duration of exposure was the major determinant of disease progression in our study.
Using Patient-Reported Outcomes in Dose-Finding Oncology Trials: Surveys of Key Stakeholders and the National Cancer Research Institute Consumer Forum
Authors: Lai-Kwon Julia , Vanderbeek Alyssa M , Minchom Anna , Lee Aiyegbusi Olalekan , Ogunleye Della , Stephens Richard , Calvert Melanie , Yap Christina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported adverse events may be a useful adjunct for assessing a drug’s tolerability in dose-finding oncology trials (DFOT). We conducted surveys of international stakeholders and the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Consumer Forum to understand attitudes about patient-reported outcome (PRO) use in DFOT.

Methods
A 35-question survey of clinicians, trial managers, statisticians, funders, and regulators of DFOT was distributed via professional bodies examining experience using PROs, benefits/barriers, and their potential role in defining tolerable doses. An 8-question survey of the NCRI Consumer Forum explored similar themes.

Results
International survey: 112 responses from 15 September–30 November 2020; 103 trialists [48 clinicians (42.9%), 38 statisticians (34.0%), 17 trial managers (15.2%)], 7 regulators (6.3%), 2 funders (1.8%)]. Most trialists had no experience designing (73, 70.9%), conducting (52, 50.5%), or reporting (88, 85.4%) PROs in DFOT. Most agreed that PROs could identify new toxicities (75, 67.0%) and provide data on the frequency (86, 76.8%) and duration (81, 72.3%) of toxicities. The top 3 barriers were lack of guidance regarding PRO selection (73/103, 70.9%), missing PRO data (71/103, 68.9%), and overburdening staff (68/103, 66.0%). NCRI survey: 57 responses on 21 March 2021. A total of 28 (49.1%) were willing to spend &lt;15 min/day completing PROs. Most (55, 96.5%) preferred to complete PROs online. 61 (54.5%) trialists and 57 (100%) consumers agreed that patient-reported adverse events should be used to inform dose-escalation decisions.

Conclusion
Stakeholders reported minimal experience using PROs in DFOT but broadly supported their use. Guidelines are needed to standardize PRO selection, analysis, and reporting in DFOT.
De Novo Domestication in the Multi-Omics Era
Authors: Jian Liumei , Yan Jianbing , Liu Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost cereal crops were domesticated within the last 12,000 years and subsequently spread around the world. These crops have been nourishing the world by supplying a primary energy and nutrient source, thereby playing a critical role in determining the status of human health and sustaining the global population. Here, we review the major challenges of future agriculture and emphasize the utilization of wild germplasm. De novo domestication is one of the most straightforward strategies to manipulate domestication-related and/or other genes with known function, and thereby introduce desired traits into wild plants. We also summarize known causal variations and their corresponding pathways in order to better understand the genetic basis of crop evolution, and how this knowledge could facilitate de novo domestication. Indeed knowledge-driven de novo domestication has great potential for the development of new sustainable crops that have climate-resilient high yield with low resource input and meet individual nutrient needs. Finally, we discuss current opportunities for and barriers to knowledge-driven de novo domestication.