bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) control with preemergence and postemergence herbicide programs
Authors: Bond Jason A. , Allen Tom W. , Seale John W. , Edwards Henry M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA field study was conducted twice in Elizabeth, MS, at on-farm sites in 2010–11 and 2011–12, and twice in 2012–13 at Mississippi State University’s Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, to evaluate glyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass control and crop response to fall treatments followed by postemergence herbicide treatments in winter and/or spring. Italian ryegrass was controlled ≥92% and 61% following S-metolachlor and tillage 77 d after fall treatments (DA-FT), respectively. S-metolachlor fall treatment provided 33% greater control than clethodim winter treatment at 21 d after winter treatments (DA-WT). Tillage fall treatment followed by (fb) clethodim winter treatment fb paraquat spring treatment provided similar control (93%) to treatments containing S-metolachlor fall treatment fb a winter or spring herbicide treatment (≥93%) 24 d after spring treatments (DA-ST). Greatest soybean and corn density and yield were also observed following programs containing S-metolachlor fall treatment. Sequential postemergence herbicide treatments were not required to increase corn and soybean density and yield when S-metolachlor was used as a fall treatment. Growers have the best opportunity to maximize GR Italian ryegrass control when S-metolachlor fb a winter or spring herbicide treatment is used.
Tibetan Plateau Made Central Asian Drylands Move Northward, Concentrate in Narrow Latitudinal Bands, and Increase in Intensity During the Cenozoic
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhang Zhongshi , Jiang Dabang , Ramstein Gilles , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Li Xiangyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe evolution of central Asian drylands during the Cenozoic is a hot topic in paleoclimate research, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigate this topic with climate modeling based on six key geological periods. Our results indicate that central Asian drylands have existed since the early Eocene, after which they move northward and become narrower. Although changed land‐sea distribution and decreased atmospheric CO2 concentration promote the aridification of drylands, they only slightly affect the latitudinal position of drylands. By comparison, the growth of Asian high‐topography areas, especially the Tibetan Plateau (TP), makes central Asian drylands move northward, concentrate in narrow latitudinal bands, and increase in intensity. Good model‐data qualitative agreement is obtained for stepwise aridification in midlatitude inland Asia north of ∼40°N, and the uplifted main and northern TP by the early Miocene likely forced drylands to form in this region.
The Basal Detectability of an Ice‐Covered Mars by MARSIS
Authors: Grima C. , Mouginot J. , Kofman W. , Hérique A. , Beck P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe detection of anomalously strong relative basal reflectivity beneath the Martian South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD) from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) has led to hypotheses suggesting the presence of basal materials such as liquid water. Here, we propose a forward approach to assess whether such a high signal could be produced by a Martian terrain currently exposed at the surface without liquid water. We convert existing MARSIS surface reflectivity measurements into a basal reflectivity as if it were overlaid by an SPLD‐like ice deposit. 0.3%–2% of the surface could produce basal reflections of magnitude similar to the SPLD measurements in the assumption of a 10% impure ice. An ice loss tangent 0.01 is required to prevent any of the current Martian surface from producing a bright SPLD‐like basal reflection. The detected bright terrains are gathered within volcanic constructs of diverse geologic epoch.
Theoretical Considerations on the Characteristic Timescales of Hydrogen Generation by Serpentinization Reactions on Enceladus
Authors: Daval Damien , Choblet Gaël , Sotin Christophe , Guyot François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Cassini spacecraft demonstrated that Saturn's small moon Enceladus may harbor hydrothermal activity. In particular, molecular hydrogen production could result from water‐rock interactions in a tidally heated, water‐filled porous rocky core. The lifetime of such reactions is key to assess the habitability potential of Enceladus and to constrain plausible durations of the active stage in a context where the evolution of the moon is debated. Although it has recently been suggested that the serpentinization timescale does not exceed a few hundred million years, this estimation was based on assumptions regarding silicate dissolution kinetics that are prone to overestimate the actual reactivity of primary silicates. Here, we investigated plausible rate‐limiting mechanisms governing fluid‐rock interactions that could delay the completion of Enceladus' core serpentinization. In particular, we considered the impact of (a) various secondary mineral assemblages on the Gibbs free energy of Fe‐bearing silicate dissolution and associated dissolution rates; (b) rate‐laws alternative to the transition state theory; (c) diffusion in nanoporous secondary assemblages; (d) slow water supply. Overall, our results confirm that serpentinization timescales never exceed 500 Myr, and indicate that fluid flow ultimately sets the tempo for serpentinization. Only unreasonable grain sizes in Enceladus' core (>1 m) or unexpectedly low diffusivity of secondary coatings covering primary silicates would be consistent with serpentinization durations of several billion years. We thus suggest that either the hydrothermal activity has developed recently on Enceladus, or alternative processes (pyrolysis of insoluble organic matter, microbial activity) must be tested to explain the observed H2 flux in Enceladus' plume.
MARCH3 negatively regulates IL-3-triggered inflammatory response by mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of IL-3Rα
Authors: Feng Lu , Li Chen , Zeng Lin-Wen , Gao Deng , Sun Yu-Hao , Zhong Li , Lin Heng , Shu Hong-Bing , Li Shu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor and critical regulator of inflammatory response such as sepsis. IL-3 binds to IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα), which is then associated with IL-3Rβ to initiate signaling. How IL-3-triggered physiological and pathological effects are regulated at the receptor level is unclear. Here, we show that the plasma membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH3 negatively regulates IL-3-triggered signaling. MARCH3 is associated with IL-3Rα, mediates its K48-linked polyubiquitination at K377 and promotes its proteasomal degradation. MARCH3-deficiency promotes IL-3-triggered transcription of downstream effector genes and IL-3-induced expansion of myeloid cells. In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, MARCH3-deficiency aggravates IL-3-ampified expression of inflammatory cytokines, organ damage and inflammatory death. Our findings suggest that regulation of IL-3Rα by MARCH3 plays an important role in IL-3-triggered physiological functions and inflammatory diseases.
Vaccine strain affects seroconversion after influenza vaccination in COPD patients and healthy older people
Authors: Snape Natale , Anderson Gary P. , Irving Louis B. , Jarnicki Andrew G. , Hurt Aeron C. , Collins Tina , Xi Yang , Upham John W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThough clinical guidelines recommend influenza vaccination for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and other high-risk populations, it is unclear whether current vaccination strategies induce optimal antibody responses. This study aimed to identify key variables associated with strain-specific antibody responses in COPD patients and healthy older people. 76 COPD and 72 healthy participants were recruited from two Australian centres and inoculated with influenza vaccine. Serum strain-specific antibody titres were measured pre- and post-inoculation. Seroconversion rate was the primary endpoint. Antibody responses varied between vaccine strains. The highest rates of seroconversion were seen with novel strains (36–55%), with lesser responses to strains included in the vaccine in more than one consecutive year (27–33%). Vaccine responses were similar in COPD patients and healthy participants. Vaccine strain, hypertension and latitude were independent predictors of seroconversion. Our findings reassure that influenza vaccination is equally immunogenic in COPD patients and healthy older people; however, there is room for improvement. There may be a need to personalise the yearly influenza vaccine, including consideration of pre-existing antibody titres, in order to target gaps in individual antibody repertoires and improve protection.
Galectin-1 as the new player in staging and prognosis of COVID-19
Authors: Markovic Sofija Sekulic , Gajovic Nevena , Jurisevic Milena , Jovanovic Marina , Jovicic Biljana Popovska , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Mijailovic Zeljko , Jovanovic Marina , Dolicanin Zana , Jovanovic Ivan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new virus from the group of coronaviruses was identified as the cause of atypical pneumonia and called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and disease called Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). During the cytokine storm, the main cause of the death, proinflammatory cytokines are released which stimulate further tissue destruction. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in many immune and inflammatory processes and its role in COVID-19 is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine systemic values of Gal-1 and correlations between Gal-1 and proinflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters during COVID-19 progression. This is observational and cross-sectional study. 210 COVID-19 patients were included and divided into mild, severe or critical group according to COVID-19 severity. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Systemic levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were significantly higher in stage III of COVID-19 patients compared to stage I and II. There were no significant differences in the ratio between Gal-1 and IL-10 with proinflammatory cytokines. Positive correlation was detected between Gal-1 and IL-1β, IL6, IL-10, IL-23 and IL-33. Gal-1 positively correlated with chest radiographic finding, dry cough and headache and negatively correlated with normal breathing sound. Linear regression model and ROC curve analysis point on Gal-1 as significant predictor for COVID-19 severity. Presented results implicate on Gal-1 and IL-10 dependent immunomodulation. The precise mechanism of Gal-1 effect in COVID-19 and its potential as a stage marker of disease severity is still to be clarified.
Coalescence of two growing bubbles in a Hele–Shaw cell
Authors: Ohashi Masatoshi , Toramaru Atsushi , Namiki Atsuko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn understanding of the dynamics of growth-driven coalescence is important in diverse fields across natural science and engineering. Motivated by the bubble coalescence in magma during volcanic eruptions, we study both experimentally and theoretically the coalescence of two growing bubbles in a Hele–Shaw cell. In our system, bubbles grow by gas expansion due to decompression and the diffusional influx of dissolved gas in the liquid. Our experiments show that the evolution of film thickness and bubble shape depends on viscosity, decompression rate, and cell gap. Through a scaling analysis and a perturbation approximation, we find that the hydrodynamic interaction between two bubbles is characterized by a film capillary number $$Ca_f=(\eta {\dot{R}}/\sigma )(R/D)^2$$

C

a
f

=

(
η

R
˙

/
σ
)

(
R
/
D
)

2

depending on viscosity $$\eta$$
η
, bubble radius R, growth rate $${\dot{R}}$$

R
˙

, interfacial tension $$\sigma$$
σ
, and cell gap D. The experimental results demonstrate that the film capillary number solely determines the bubble distortion just before coalescence. Under our experimental conditions, bubble coalescence occurs below a critical value of a nominal film capillary number defined as a film capillary number evaluated when two undeformed circular bubbles come into contact.
Coupled-core fiber Bragg gratings for low-cost sensing
Authors: Flores-Bravo Jose A. , Madrigal Javier , Zubia Joseba , Sales Salvador , Villatoro Joel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSensors based on Bragg gratings inscribed in conventional single mode fibers are expensive due to the need of a sophisticated, but low-speed, interrogation system. As an alternative to overcome this issue, in this work, it is proposed and demonstrated the use of coupled-core optical fiber Bragg gratings. It was found that the relative reflectivity from such gratings changed when the coupled-core fiber was subjected to point or periodic bending. This feature makes the interrogation of such gratings simple, fast, and cost-effective. The reflectivity changes of the gratings are attributed to the properties of the supermodes supported by the coupled-core fiber. As potential applications of the referred gratings, intensity-modulated vector bending and vibration sensing are demonstrated. We believe that the results reported here can pave the way to the development of many inexpensive sensors. Besides, coupled-core fiber Bragg gratings may expand the use of grating technology in other areas.
Aktuelle Evidenzlage zur Beurteilung der Fahrtauglichkeit von
Menschen mit kognitiven Einschränkungen: Ein systematisches
Review
Authors: Karrer Linda , Pfleger Elisabeth , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz demenzieller Erkrankungen
handelt es sich bei der Überprüfung der Fahrtauglichkeit von
Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen um ein Thema von
großer gesellschaftlicher Relevanz.
Methodik Es wurde eine umfassende systematische Literaturrecherche zu der
Forschungsfrage: „Welche evidenz-basierten Methoden eignen sich zur
Beurteilung der Fahrtauglichkeit von Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) oder milden
kognitiven Einschränkungen (MCI)?“ für den Zeitraum
2015–2020 durchgeführt. Die Recherche erfolgte in den
Datenbanken Medline, PsycINFO, LIVIVO, PubPsych, Scopus, Cinahl und CENTRAL.
Ergebnisse 30 Studien wurden in die qualitative Analyse eingeschlossen.
Die Fahrtauglichkeit kann mit praxisbasierten Testverfahren wie Praxisfahrtest
(On-road), Fahrsimulator und Fahrverhaltensbeurteilung im natürlichen
Umfeld (Naturalistic Driving) beurteilt werden. Theoriebasierte Methoden sind:
neuropsychologische Tests, fahrspezifische Testungen und Fragebögen zur
Selbsteinschätzung. Die Studienlage zeigt, dass einzelne
neuropsychologische Tests nicht zur Bestimmung der Fahrtauglichkeit ausreichen.
Eine höhere Aussagekraft haben praxisbasierte Testverfahren,
fahrspezifische Testungen sowie Kombinationen aus evidenz-basierten
Methoden.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Überprüfung der Fahrtauglichkeit
von Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen sollte angesichts des
progredienten Verlaufs demenzieller Erkrankungen engmaschig durch eine
Kombination aus theorie- und praxisbasierter Methoden erfolgen.
HIV-Test in der Schwangerschaft – 2020 noch nicht bei
100%
Authors: Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Strizek Brigitte , Cravat Laila , Merz Waltraut M. , van Bremen Kathrin , Rockstroh Juergen K. , Wasmuth Jan-Christian , Boesecke Christoph , Haberl Annette 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ende 2019 lebten weltweit 38 Millionen Menschen mit HIV, mehr
als die Hälfte Mädchen und Frauen. Kenntnis über den
HIV-Status der Schwangeren kann eine HIV-Transmission verhindern. Ziel unserer
Studie war es, die Umsetzung der 2015 in den Mutterschaftsrichtlinien
vorgeschriebenen Dokumentation zur Beratung zum HIV-Test und dessen
Durchführung zu untersuchen.
Methodik Von Juni bis Oktober 2020 wurde an der
Universitätsfrauenklinik Bonn die Dokumentation zum HIV-Screening in
Mutterpässen überprüft und Schwangere anhand eines
anonymen Fragebogens zum HIV-Test und ihrer Einstellung zu einem universellen
Screening befragt.
Ergebnisse Von 401 analysierten Mutterpässen war in 11%
die Dokumentation unvollständig: in 8% war keine Dokumentation
zur Beratung oder Durchführung des HIV-Tests erfolgt, in 3% war
nur die Beratung dokumentiert. In den Fragebögen (n=291) gaben
47% der Schwangeren an, dass keine Beratung erfolgt oder erinnerlich
sei. 90% der Frauen unterstützten die Durchführung eines
HIV-Testes in der Schwangerschaft, 9% waren unsicher, 1% lehnten
diesen ab. 55% würden die Umstellung der aktuellen
„opt-in“ zur „opt-out“-Screening-Strategie
befürworten.
Zusammenfassung Die Dokumentation der Beratung und Durchführung
des HIV-Tests in der Schwangerschaft war in 11% unvollständig,
fast die Hälfte der Mütter berichten, dass eine Beratung nicht
erfolgt oder erinnerlich sei. Neue Strategien der Hebammen und
Frauenärzt*innen müssen entwickelt werden, um eine
universelle HIV-Testung der Schwangeren zu erreichen und in Richtung null
HIV-Mutter-Kind-Transmission zu gelangen.
Análise tomográfica dos parâmetros anatômicos para inserção dos parafusos de trajeto cortical
Authors: Herrero Carlos Fernando Pereira Silva , Marangoni Rafael Campos Fróes 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Estudar os parâmetros anatômicos do trajeto de inserção do parafuso cortical e descrever sua técnica.
Métodos Analisaram-se exames de tomografia computadorizada de 30 pacientes, e as medidas nas vértebras de L1 a L5 bilateralmente. Um segundo observador avaliou dez exames aleatoriamente. Os parâmetros incluíram o ângulo lateral (AL) e o diâmetro do parafuso (DP) como variáveis axiais, e o ângulo cranial (AC) e o comprimento do parafuso (CP) como variáveis sagitais.
Resultados No total, havia 15 pacientes do sexo masculino (média de idade de 31,33 anos) e 15 do sexo feminino (média de idade de 32,01 anos). O AL variou de 13,8° a 20,89°, com uma tendência de aumento no sentido de proximal a distal. O AC variou de 17,5° a 24,9°, com tendência de diminuição no sentido caudal. O DP variou de 2,3 mm a 7,2 mm, havendo uma tendência ao aumento conforme avançamos de proximal a distal. O CP variou de 19 mm a 45 mm, havendo uma tendência de diminuição conforme avançamos de proximal (L1) a distal (L5). Não houve diferença estatística entre os sexos, nem diferenças na confiabilidade interobservador, quanto aos valores estudados quando comparados os lados.
Conclusão A trajetória do parafuso de trajeto cortical apresenta variações em diferentes populações. Assim, recomendamos o estudo pré-operatório de imagens para reduzir os riscos cirúrgicos relacionados à técnica.
A influência de calçados no arco longitudinal medial do pé e na cinemática dos membros inferiores de crianças no início da fase de aquisição de marcha
Authors: Okai-Nobrega Liria Akie , Santos Thiago Ribeiro Teles , Lage Ana Paula , Araújo Priscila Albuquerque de , Souza Thales Rezende de , Fonseca Sérgio Teixeira 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o comportamento do arco longitudinal medial do pé (ALM) e os parâmetros cinemáticos dos membros inferiores durante a deambulação com calçados biomiméticos (CBs) e não biomiméticos (NB1, NB2, NB3 e NB4) em crianças no início da fase de aquisição da marcha.
Métodos Foram avaliadas quatro crianças no início da fase de aquisição da marcha nas seguintes condições: andar descalço, andar com CBs e calçados NB1, NB2, NB3 e NB4 em solo plano. O calçado biomimético é descrito como biomimético por emular pisos naturais e irregulares por meio de uma palmilha interna dinâmica. O ALM e a cinemática do quadril, joelho e tornozelo durante a marcha foram avaliados por meio de sistema de análise do movimento tridimensional. A similaridade entre as curvas cinemáticas das condições descalça e com calçado foi analisada por meio do cálculo de root mean square error (RMSE).
Resultados O CB foi o que apresentou maior magnitude do ALM e maior diferença do ALM em relação à condição descalça (maior RMSE). O CB apresentou ainda menor diferença na cinemática das articulações do joelho e tornozelo durante a marcha quando comparado à condição descalça (menor RMSE). O calçado NB2 apresentou a cinemática do quadril mais semelhante à condição descalça (menor RMSE).
Conclusão Os calçados CB e NB2 que apresentam a região do antepé mais larga geraram menores diferenças na cinemática dos membros inferiores. Além disso, o ALM foi maior no CB provavelmente devido a seu design ser diferente daquele dos demais calçados.
Relative efficiency of biochar particles of different sizes for immobilising heavy metals and improving soil properties
Authors: Ahmad Wiqar , Khan Arbaz , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ahmad Ijaz , Adnan Muhammad , Fahad Shah 
Published: January 2022

Biochar has received significant attention for its potential in bioremediation of polluted soils. However, the impact of biochar particle size is yet to be investigated. We evaluated the role of various particle sizes (<3, 3–6 and 6–9 mm) of commercially available hardwood Acacia arabica biochar applied at the rate of 10 g kg−1 soil in the immobilisation of heavy metals 12 months after application. Heavy metals cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were spiked in designated pots from their respective sources CdSO4, Ni(NO3)2 and PbNO3 according to their permissible limits (0.2–2, 8.1 and 10–15 mg kg−1, respectively). Biochar particles of sizes <3, 3–6 and 6–9 mm significantly mitigated contamination of Cd by 35%, 10% and 9%; Pb by 61%, 60% and 35%; and Ni by 64%, 45% and 3.2%. Relative to the control, application of biochar particles of sizes <3, 3–6 and 6–9 mm significantly increased soil porosity by 10.3%, 4.2% and 3%; saturation percentage by 100%, 42% and 27%; pH by 0.53%, 2.6% and 4%; and organic matter by 33.6%, 19.7% and 16.8%. Soil bulk density decreased by 12%, 5% and 2.3%; and electrical conductivity by 19%, 20% and 24%. The contamination factor for Cd was >1 (in the moderate contamination category), whereas Pb and Ni had contamination factors <1 (in the low contamination category), under biochar application. The heavy metal spiking effect was also significant and ranked as Pb > Cd > Ni for soil pH, electrical conductivity and porosity; Cd > Ni > Pb for organic matter; and Ni > Cd > Pb for bulk density and saturation percentage. Smallest sized biochar (<3 mm) maximally stabilised heavy metals in the soil and improved soil physicochemical properties. Therefore, heavy metal polluted soils should be treated with fine (<3 mm) biochar for maximum immobilisation for heavy metals and improvement in soil physicochemical properties.
Mandarinchī‘eat’ sentences in elicitation and corpus data
Authors: Newman John , Zhao Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen collected methodically through elicitation experiments, invented examples prompted by a cue word provide evidence for how speakers think about that word. This study explores characteristics of Mandarinchī‘eat’ sentences obtained through an elicitation experiment and SMS, newspaper, and fiction corpora. Our findings support the view that invented examples collected methodically represent a valuable data type with its own characteristics worthy of attention and analysis.