bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial profile of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis in and around Adama, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Yimana Muhabaw , Tesfaye Juhar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus which lives in the mammary gland is the leading cause of bovine mastitis worldwide, which causes enormous economic losses to the dairy industry.Objectives and methodsThe study was carried out cross‐sectionally to determine the occurrence of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the risk factors for mastitis infection in dairy cows in and around Adama from October 2014 to June 2015. This particular study included 384 animals. Milk samples were collected and screened with California mastitis test. Then bacteria were cultured and identified using biochemical tests and disc diffusion test was used to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity for MRSA.ResultsThe prevalence of mastitis was 121 (31.5%). Among them, 37 cases (30.6%) were clinical mastitis and 84 cases (69.4%) were subclinical mastitis. Among these positive cases, 37 cases (30.6%) of S. aureus were isolated. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly related to the breed, age, floor type and sanitation status of the milking (p <0.05). The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was performed on Mueller Hinton agar medium according to NCCLS guidelines to test antibiotic sensitivity. The 32.4% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. Isolates of MRSA are more resistant to amoxicillin (75%), oxytetracycline (66.7%) and sulfa (50%). However, they were sensitive to kanamycin (75%), streptomycin (58.3%) and nalidixic acid (50%). Insufficient dosage, short treatment time and chronic infection in dairy cows in the herd are the main reasons for the large number of resistant strains.Conclusion and recommendationGenerally, mastitis was prevalent in the area, and it was resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, hygienic, prevention and alternative treatment methods should be implemented.
Utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital effluent and antibiotic resistant bacteria in resource limited settings: A case study in Ujjain, India
Authors: Parashar Vivek , Singh Surya , Purohit Manju R. , Tamhankar Ashok J. , Singh Dharmpal , Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Diwan Vishal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing generation of wastewater and its indiscriminate disposal is detrimental to human and animal health. Resource‐limited settings often struggle for efficient wastewater treatment systems owing to lack of funds and operational difficulties. Therefore, alternative treatment systems involving low expenditure and simplistic operations are need of the hour. Constructed wetlands are one such alternative that can efficiently remove variety of pollutants from wastewater. In this study, we have assessed the utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital wastewater in Ujjain. An in‐house wetland system was designed and constructed using Typha latifolia and Phragmites karka. Results showed that wetland was efficient for removal of various physico‐chemical and biological contaminants, namely, biochemical‐oxygen‐demand (77.1%), chemical‐oxygen‐demand (64.9%), turbidity (68.3%), suspended‐solids (63%), total‐phosphorus (58.7%), nitrate‐nitrogen (33%), fecal coliforms (96.8%), and total coliforms (95.6%). Paired t test revealed that removal efficiencies for various parameters were significantly different among Phragmites, Typha, and control cells (p ≤ 0.05). Study also depicted that most of the bacterial isolates in inlet wastewater were selectively resistant to antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and sulphamethaxazole) as well and these isolates were also removed. Precisely, Typha was fairly suitable for antibiotic resistant bacteria removal. Thus, constructed wetlands were found to be one of the suitable options for wastewater treatment in resource‐limited settings.Practitioner Points

Constructed wetlands are one of the suitable options for wastewater treatment in resource limited settings.
These systems involve wetland vegetation, soil, and associated microbial assemblages to improve the water quality.
Typha and Phragmites were found to be efficient for treating the hospital wastewater.
Experiments showed that antibiotic resistant bacteria may also be removed through constructed wetland systems.
Easy operation, cost effectiveness, and efficiency are important attributes.
Synergistic Interaction between Attractived10Bonding and Localized Excess Electrons, the Cases of Subvalent Ag5SiO4and Ag5GeO4
Authors: Nuss Jürgen , Wedig Ulrich , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe compositions of Ag5SiO4and Ag5GeO4contravene classical rules of chemical valence, while the stoichiometric coefficients are integer. In order to disentangle the underlying bonding scheme, comparative studies at the two virtually isostructural candidates were conducted in real space and in momentum space. Analyses of the atomic structures have revealed that the orthoanions in both cases fully comply with reference data for such entities. The silver substructure, however, shows anomalous contractions that indicate accumulation of excess electrons in octahedral [Ag6]4+subunits, suggesting an electron count as [Ag6]4+(Ag+)4[(MO4)4−]2. The electronic structure of Ag5SiO4and Ag5GeO4was examined in reciprocal and position space in the framework of density functional theory. Both compounds are semiconducting with a band gap of about 1.6 eV. The analysis of the charge distribution as well as of the electron localization function suggest that the excess electrons in the silver partial structure are located in octahedral cluster like [Ag6]4+aggregates. The importance of d10dispersion interactions for the stability of subvalent silver oxides is discussed.
One-loop squared amplitudes for hadronic tW production at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD
Authors: Chen Long-Bin , Dong Liang , Li Hai Tao , Li Zhao , Wang Jian , Wang Yefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the analytic results of one-loop squared amplitudes for tW production at a hadron collider. The calculation is performed using the method of differential equations. After renormalization, we have checked that the infrared divergences agree with the general structure predicted by anomalous dimensions. The finite remainder contributes to the next-to-next-to-leading order hard function, one of the essential gradients in the factorization formula of the cross section near the infrared region, which can be used in resummation of all-order soft gluon effects or a differential next-to-next-to-leading order calculation based on the phase space slicing method.
Elements of celestial conformal field theory
Authors: Fan Wei , Fotopoulos Angelos , Stieberger Stephan , Taylor Tomasz R. , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In celestial holography, four-dimensional scattering amplitudes are considered as two-dimensional conformal correlators of a putative two-dimensional celestial conformal field theory (CCFT). The simplest way of converting momentum space amplitudes into CCFT correlators is by taking their Mellin transforms with respect to light-cone energies. For massless particles, like gluons, however, such a construction leads to three-point and four-point correlators that vanish everywhere except for a measure zero hypersurface of celestial coordinates. This is due to the four-dimensional momentum conservation law that constrains the insertion points of the operators associated with massless particles. These correlators are reminiscent of Coulomb gas correlators that, in the absence of background charges, vanish due to charge conservation. We supply the background momentum by coupling Yang-Mills theory to a background dilaton field, with the (complex) dilaton source localized on the celestial sphere. This picture emerges from the physical interpretation of the solutions of the system of differential equations discovered by Banerjee and Ghosh. We show that the solutions can be written as Mellin transforms of the amplitudes evaluated in such a dilaton background. The resultant three-gluon and four-gluon amplitudes are single-valued functions of celestial coordinates enjoying crossing symmetry and all other properties expected from standard CFT correlators. We use them to extract OPEs and compare them with the OPEs extracted from multi-gluon celestial amplitudes without a dilaton background. We perform the conformal block decomposition of the four-gluon single-valued correlator and determine the dimensions, spin and group representations of the entire primary field spectrum of the Yang-Mills sector of CCFT.
Celestial insights into the S-matrix bootstrap
Authors: Ghosh Sudip , Raman Prashanth , Sinha Aninda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider 2-2 scattering in four spacetime dimensions in Celestial variables. Using the crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR), we recast the Celestial amplitudes in terms of crossing symmetric partial waves. These partial waves have spurious singularities in the complex Celestial variable, which need to be removed in local theories. The locality constraints (null constraints) admit closed form expressions, which lead to novel bounds on partial wave moments. These bounds allow us to quantify the degree of low spin dominance(LSD) for scalar theories. We study a new kind of positivity that seems to be present in a wide class of theories. We prove that this positivity arises only in theories with a spin-0 dominance. The crossing symmetric partial waves with spurious singularities removed, dubbed as Feynman blocks, have remarkable properties in the Celestial variable, namely typically realness, in the sense of Geometric Function Theory (GFT). Using GFT techniques we derive non-projective bounds on Wilson coefficients in terms of partial wave moments.
A note on quiver Yangians and ℛ-matrices
Authors: Bao Jiakang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this note, we study possible ℛ-matrix constructions in the context of quiver Yangians and Yang-Baxter algebras. For generalized conifolds, We also discuss the relations between the quiver Yangians and some other Yangian algebras (and$$ \mathcal{W} $$W-algebras) in literature.
Emerging Fermi liquids from regulated quantum electron stars
Authors: Chagnet Nicolas , Ðukić Vladan , Čubrović Mihailo , Schalm Koenraad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We construct a fully quantum zero-temperature electron star in a soft-wall regulated anti-de-Sitter Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory that is thermodynamically stable compared to the Reissner-Nordström black hole. The soft wall only acts on the effective mass of the fermionic degrees of freedom, and allows for a controlled fully backreacted solution. The star is holographically dual to an RG flow where a gapped Fermi liquid starts to emerge from a UV CFT, but decouples again once the effective energy scale becomes lower than the gap of the fermionic degrees of freedom. The RG flow then returns to a non-trivial strongly coupled relativistic fixed point with a holographic dual. Our regulated quantum electron star is thus the fermionic analogue of the Horowitz-Roberts-Gubser-Rocha AdS-to-AdS domain wall solution for the holographic superconductor.
Working capital management, financial constraints and exports: evidence from European and US manufacturers
Authors: Mansilla-Fernández José Manuel , Milgram-Baleix Juliette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of firms’ working capital management, measured by the cash conversion cycle (CCC) on exports, on both the intensive and extensive margins. By using Heckman’s two-stage model for the treatment of sample selection bias, we find that the longer the CCC, the lower firms’ likelihood of exporting and the lower the volume of their exports. This phenomenon is economically more relevant for financially constrained firms than for unconstrained firms. The results are robust to the propensity score matching, the transition sample and the placebo analyses. Finally, these results can be extrapolated in the context of the COVID-19 crisis because of the decline in trading conditions and firms’ shortage of liquidity.
Hydro - thermal interactions of a ferrofluid in a non - uniform magnetic field
Authors: Dalvi Shubham , van der Meer Theo H. , Shahi Mina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA numerical study is performed to examine the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field on the thermo-hydraulic behaviour of a ferrofluid. The analysis is done in the context of a differentially heated semi-circular annulus where a magnetic dipole with its distinct location and dipole strength is used to obtain different configurations. The field variables are computed by solving the coupled set of flow equations, energy equations and the Maxwell’s magneto-statics equations. A detailed description is provided on the flow and thermal response after observing different parameters at both global and local scale. Comparison of streamlines and isotherms with a reference case of natural convection concludes that the recirculation zones are responsible for the increased velocity and heat transfer magnitudes. Another key finding of the present work is about the possibility to locally improve the thermal performance of heat exchangers at any desired position along the circumference.
Pain catastrophizing and pre-operative psychological state are predictive of chronic pain after joint arthroplasty of the hip, knee or shoulder: results of a prospective, comparative study at one year follow-up
Authors: Hardy Alexandre , Sandiford Marie-Hélène , Menigaux Christophe , Bauer Thomas , Klouche Shahnaz , Hardy Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the relationship between pre-operative psychological state, postoperative pain and function one year after total shoulder, hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods
Patients undergoing shoulder, hip or knee arthroplasty between March 2014 and November 2015 were included. Pain catastrophizing score (PCS) was determined preoperatively, at six months and at one year follow-up. Joint pain at rest was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale (0‒100). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory or Geriatric Depression Score, situational anxiety and dispositional anxiety were measured using the State-Trait Inventory and joint function was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for the hip and knee and Oxford Shoulder Score for the shoulder.

Results
A total of 266 patients were included (65% female; mean (± SD) age: 71.8 ± 10.3 years; mean body mass index: 27.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Pre-operative PCS was significantly correlated with pain > 30/100 at one year and with functional scores, for all joints. Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for pain intensity > 30/100 at one year: pre-operative PCS > 20/52 (OR = 3.5 ± 1.1 [95% CI: 1.9‒6.6]; p = 0.0001), trait-anxiety score ≥ 46 (OR = 2.4 ± 0.9 [95% CI: 1.1‒5.2]; p = 0.03), pre-operative pain ≥ 60/100 (OR = 3.2 ± 1 [95% CI: 1.8‒6.1]; p = 0.0001) and pain for at least 3 years (OR = 1.8 ± 0.6 [95% CI: 1‒3.4]; p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Pre-operative pain catastrophizing and trait-anxiety are risk factors for post-operative pain after shoulder, hip and knee arthroplasty.

Trial registration number
www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02361359.
White plumage color as an honest indicator: feather macrostructure links reflectance with reproductive effort and success
Authors: Laczi Miklós , Jablonszky Mónika , Markó Gábor , Nagy Gergely , Szabó Gyula , Zsebők Sándor , Török János , Hegyi Gergely 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structural condition of feathers may generally have a decisive role in shaping the color properties of the plumage. However, the information content of structurally mediated color differences is poorly known. This makes it particularly hard to determine the meaning of color variation in pigment-free white plumage patches. The white wing patch of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) is an important sexual trait, and changes in its reflectance are partly due to macrostructural condition. We used 2 years of macrostructural, reflectance, and breeding data from both sexes to examine whether wing patch macrostructure lends information content to actual reflectance in terms of reproductive effort and success. Macrostructure strongly predicted actual reflectance in males but only weakly in females. Furthermore, in males, feather vane width was related positively to current year reproductive effort, and negatively to previous year reproductive effort. This indicates that macrostructurally mediated reflectance attributes may inform the receiver not only of actual reproductive capacity but also of individual quality via reproductive costs.Significance statementColoration of animals takes a central place in their communication and in advertising reproductive abilities. Although white plumage is widespread among animals, usually we have little knowledge on how its structure is linked to reproduction. We investigated this link in a wild population of collared flycatchers. We demonstrated that white feather structure was related to coloration and with current year and previous year reproductive capabilities in males. Our results suggest that white feather structure has the potential to connect reproductive costs with coloration.
Expanding and Evaluating Public Satisfaction with Wildlife Governance: Insights from Deer Management in Indiana, USA
Authors: Stinchcomb Taylor R. , Ma Zhao , Swihart Robert K. , Caudell Joe N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWildlife agencies in North America desire to incorporate broader public interests into decision-making so they can realize the principle of governing wildlife in the public trust. Public satisfaction is a key component of good governance but evaluating satisfaction with wildlife management focuses on traditional user experiences rather than perceptions of agency performance. We draw from political science, business, and conservation social science to develop a multidimensional concept of satisfaction with wildlife management that includes agency performance, service quality, trust in the managing agency, and informational trust. We use data collected from a 2021 survey of Indiana residents to analyze the social and cognitive determinants of satisfaction with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management. Quantile regression models revealed that respondents’ acceptability of management methods and deer-related concerns most strongly affected performance and quality components, whereas respondent characteristics mostly affected trust components of the index. Future research should associate satisfaction with key variables we did not fully capture including perceived control, psychological distance, and norms of interaction between wildlife agencies and the public. Expanding agency conceptions of public satisfaction represents a critical step toward public trust thinking and the practice of good wildlife governance in North America.
Assessing the impact of measurement errors in the calculation of CWSI for characterizing the water status of several crop species
Authors: Gonzalez-Dugo V. , Zarco-Tejada P. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCanopy temperature is generally accepted as an indirect but rapid, accurate, and large-scale indicator of crop water status and is, therefore, proposed to monitor irrigation needs. Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) is the most widely used among the existing thermal-based indicators, and its links with water stress have been demonstrated. When calculating CWSI using the empirical approach, the differential between canopy and air temperature is normalized by two thresholds, also known as baselines. The Non-water stress baseline (NWSB) in the empirical approach is calculated as the relationship between Tc–Ta (°C) and the vapor pressured deficit (VPD, kPa) for well-irrigated crops. The baselines display different slopes depending on the species, which have a significant impact on the computed CWSI. This study analyzed the resulting errors on CWSI due to the measurement errors of critical inputs needed for its calculation. Six crop species were selected according to their NWSB with slopes that range from − 0.5 to − 3 °C·kPa−1 and used for this analysis, assuming measurement errors ranging 0.2–1 °C for Ta, 0.25–2 °C for Tc, and 5–10% for relative humidity (RH). It was concluded that the effects observed on CWSI are heavily dependent on the slope of the NWSB and therefore vary across species. The calculation was very sensitive to the bias in air and canopy temperature. These errors were maximal as the slope of the NWSB was less steep. When the VPD ranged from 2 to 6.6 kPa, an error of 1 °C in measuring the air temperature affected CWSI between 28 and 83% in orange, which is the species displaying the minimum slope (− 0.5 °C kPa−1). On the contrary, crops with steeper baseline slopes such as squash (− 3 °C kPa−1) showed errors ranging between 2 and 8% for the same VPD interval. This differences among the different crops species considered in this study may be related to the contrasting coupling of the species to the atmosphere, that determines the influence of vapor pressure on the transpiration rate. This study highlights the importance of reliable climatic data and the need for accurate calibrated thermal sensors to calculate CWSI accurately.
Relations Between Statistics of Three-Dimensional Flame Curvature and its Two-Dimensional Counterpart in Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Chakraborty Nilanjan , Rasool Raheel , Ahmed Umair , Klein Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relations between the actual flame curvature probability density function (PDF) evaluated in three-dimensions and its two-dimensional counterpart based on planar measurements have been analytically derived subject to the assumptions of isotropy and statistical independence of various angles and two-dimensional curvature. These relations have been assessed based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) databases of turbulent premixed (a) statistically planar and (b) statistically axisymmetric Bunsen flames. It has been found that the analytically derived relation interlinking the PDFs of actual three-dimensional curvature and its two-dimensional counterpart holds reasonably well for a range of curvatures around the mean value defined by the inverse of the thermal flame thickness for different turbulence intensities across different combustion regimes. The flame surface is shown to exhibit predominantly two-dimensional cylindrical curvature but there is a significant probability of finding saddle type flame topologies and this probability increases with increasing turbulence intensity. The presence of saddle type flame topologies affects the ratios of second and third moments of two-dimensional and three-dimensional curvatures. It has been demonstrated that the ratios of second and third moments of two-dimensional and three-dimensional curvatures cannot be accurately predicted based on two-dimensional measurements. The ratio of the third moments of two-dimensional and three-dimensional curvatures remains positive and thus the qualitative nature of curvature skewness can still be obtained based on two-dimensional curvature measurements. As the curvature skewness is often taken to be a marker of the Darrius-Landau instability, the conclusion regarding the presence of this instability can potentially be taken from the two-dimensional curvature measurements.