bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cabbage Maggot Control with Directed Sprays and Drenches on Transplant Cabbage
Authors: Libby J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Globe’ cabbage was transplanted in 27 ft rows, with 36 inch between rows, at 14 inch plant spacing. Drenches were applied at 4 oz of solution per plant (300 gal/acre). Directed sprays were applied with a solo knapsack sprayer usjng 72 gal spray/acre. Plots were planted and treated May 22, 1975. Each treatment consisted of 4 single row replicates in a randomized complete block design. Results were taken on Sept 10. The soil type was Piano silt loam with a pH 6.2. The soil composition was sand 12%, silt 70%, clay 18%. Total moisture (rainfall) was 13.53 inches.
Control of a Pod Borer in Asparagus Beans, 1974
Authors: Lange W. Harry , Su C. Y. , Kungand S. P. , Rose R. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field plot insecticide evaluations were conducted in ten square meter plots. Each treatment was applied to four replicated plots in a RCB experimental design. For each planting, nine insecticides and one control were evaluated. Granular formulated insecticides were applied by hand with the amount for each row of the plot being previously weighed. Emulsifiable and wettable powder formulations were applied with 2.5 gallon air pressure sprayers, each calibrated with a stopwatch. Emulsifiable and wettable powder insecticides were applied in 500 ml spray during the pod filling stage. Methods of control evaluation were based on the dissection and count of the actual number larvae and the number of damaged pods of per plot.
Melonworm,

Diaphania

Hyaunata

, Control on Cucurbits, 1975
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Morgan’ melon and ‘Poinsett’ cucumbers were planted on 0.8 m wide beds of Leon fine sand October 1, 1975 as subplots in a split-plot design with four replications. Subplots were 0.6 m double rows with five plants/row and were seep-irrigated. Treatments were applied October 17, 24 and 31 and ten runners/subplot examined for melonworm larvae on November 4. Data were transformed (X + 0.5) for analysis.
Insect Control on Sweet Peppers, Delaware, 1975
Authors: Burbutis Paul P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet peppers were transplanted June 10 in Williamsville (Sussex Co.) Del. Insecticide treatments were replicated 3 times and plots were 3 rows wide x 40 ft long with plants 1 ft apart in the row and 3 ft between rows. There was a 10 ft-wide alley between the randomized complete blocks. Spray materials were applied on a weekly schedule with a 2-gal, CO2 sprayer at 25 psi pressure in 1 gal water (= 38 gal water/acre) starting July 9 and ending September 16. The Furadan 10G treatment (= Standard) was applied by hand using a small shaker and placing the granules in a furrow ca 2 inch deep and 5 inch from the plant. This material was “side dressed” on June 24 at 2 lb a.i./acre and on July 23 at 3 lb a.i./a. Bio-film, 6 oz/100 gal, was added to the three Pirimor treatments. Peppers were harvested on August 19, September 11 and 30 from the middle rows of each plot and all fruit were inspected for “worm” infestations. The first and last harvests consisted of all the red and green peppers over 2 inch diameter at the stem end, and the second harvest was of commercial-sized reds only. Worm infestations in peppers harvested on September 30 were essentially the same as in those of the September 11 harvest. Green peach aphid populations were recorded weekly from leaves sampled at random from the middle rows of each plot.
Redbacked Cutworm Control in Peppermint, 1975
Authors: Berry Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten ft2 soil samples 2-inch deep were taken at random across each test plot to estimate the cutworm population prior to treatment. Subsequent soil samples were taken at weekly intervals from the same area in each plot. Each soil sample was placed in a plastic bag and screened through sieves to remove cutworm larvae. One-acre, unreplicated plots were treated May 16 with Orthene 75S (1.0 and 2.0 lb a.i./acre), N-2596 10G (2.0 and 4.0 lb a.i./acre), and Dyfonate 10G (4.0 lb a.i./acre) (Experiment no. 1). Orthene 75S was applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 26 gal water/A at 30 psi. N-2596 and Dyfonate were applied with a tractor-mounted M-l Cyclone broadcast spreader. Granular treatments were harrowed into the top 2 inch of soil immediately after application, then sprinkler irrigated. The soil type was Deschutes fine sandy loam with an organic matter content of &gt; 1.0%. The soil temperature at application was 32°C at 2-inch. Additional experiments were conducted in small plots (50 x 50 ft), replicated twice (Experiment no. 2). These plots were treated with a tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 1 gal water/plot at 30 psi. Pre- and posttreatment estimates of the cutworm density were taken as before, except 4 ft2 soil samples were taken from each plot.
Effect of Timing and Method of Application of Systemic Insecticides on Insect Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1975
Authors: Kring James B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
General. Plots were randomized and replicated (4X). Granular insecticides were applied by hand in 2-inch bands, one on each side of the row, 3 inch to each side of the seed piece. Colorado potato beetle pressure was severe in both test areas. No fungicides or herbicides were used. Yields were weights of all potatoes dug by hand.
Potato

L.

Californicus

Control, Ellensburg, Washington, 1972
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Fox L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Naches Series, loam, with less than 3% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were conducted as separate experi-ments, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 50 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. On May 1 and 2, 1972, broadcast applica-tions of granular materials were made with a hand-operated grass seeder, and the Dyfonate EC (40 gal/acre) with a tractor-mounted sprayer, then disced within 1 hr after application. Potatoes were planted on or about May 8. Sidedress applications of granular materials were made on May 22 and 23, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in 1 inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were rill irrigated. Tuber samples were harvested on October 11 to 16, from the 2 center rows of each plot. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on the number of injured tubers per 100 lb. Percentages of injured tubers were transformed to X + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Potato

Limonius

Control, Walla Walla, Washington, 1971
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Catherine Series, silt loam, with less than 3% organic matter. Each plot was 6 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 50 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Potatoes were planted on May 7, 1971. Test materials were sidedressed on May 19, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in 1 inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were rill irrigated. One row per plot was harvested on October 4. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on percent injured by weight. Percentages of injured tubers were transformed to X + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening,

L.

Canus

, Yakima, Washington, 1970
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
L. canus larvae were collected in the fall of 1969 from Grandview, Washington, and held at 40°F until the tests were conducted. The soli was “river-bottom soil”, sandy loam, &lt; 5% organic matter, sifted with 8-mesh sieve. The bioassays were conducted as follows: insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell dry blender for 15 min, after which water was added to the soil (2.7% moisture), and the treated soil was placed in 0.5-pt Mason fruit jars. The dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials to 6 inch in depth. Two boiled wheat grains were pushed down ca. 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was placed in each jar; if the wireworm did not burrow into the soil within 1 min, the wireworm was replaced. Regular jar lids were used, but they were not secured tightly. Each treatment con-sisted of 10 jars. The jars were held in a laboratory maintained at ca. 20 to 25°C. The jars were checked once weekly to determine mortality, which included any dead or moribund larvae. At the weekly checks, moisture was added to the soil as required, two new boiled wheat grains were added, and the same live larvae were replaced in the corresponding jars. Five separate tests were conducted, and the results are summarized in the table.
Evaluation of Nematicides and Insecticides for Sweet Potatoes, 1975
Authors: Averre C. W. , Barker K. R. , Sorensen K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides and insecticides on nematodes, and insects, and on yield and quality of sweet potatoes were studied in a deep Norfolk Sandy Loam (pH = 6.0, O. M. = 0.7%, silt = 85.2%, sand = 10.1%, clay = 4.7%). The site had been planted to tobacco the previous year. A moderate infestation of root-knot nematode larvae (ca. 1000/cc soil) was present in March, 1975. On June 3, the field was disked. On June 4, 7-day preplant treatments were applied; soil temperature at 4 in. was 84°F, moisture was estimated at 90% of field capacity. On June 11, at planting treatments, Vernam 6EC herbicide (2/3 pt/A), and fertilizer (500 lb/A 6-12-6) were applied, and sweet potato plants free of nematode infection were planted. Soil temperature was 76°F at 4 in., moisture was estimated at ca. 50% of field capacity. Granular products were broadcast over proper plots, mixed in the top six inches with a “roto-tiller”; in-row applications were banded 12-inches wide and bedded up. Telone was placed 6-inches deep with a hand injector on 12-inch spacing in the row. Emulsifiable concen-trates were disolved in ca. 1.9 gal of water (500 gal/A) and drenched over proper plots. Plots were single rows, 50 ft long on 40-inch centers with ca. 12-inch spacing between plants. Treatments were randomized in four blocks. On July 29, layby treatments were broad-cast over the plants. On September 3, twelve soil borings (2 to 12-inch zone) were taken in each plot, composited, and assayed for nematodes (extracted by sugar solution flotation technique), and on October 8, roots were harvested and yields were recorded in pounds by U.S.D.A. size grades (jumbo. No. 1, canner). Nematode infestation was counted by slicing 1/3 to 1/2 of the distal portion of the root in 2-mm sections from five roots in each grade and counting internal lesions. Insect damage and overall quality were assessed visually. The root-knot level was high and wireworm injury was moderate. The growing season was normal and plants were not subject to prolonged drought stress. Moderate rains prior to harvest caused some roots to rot.
Tomato Pinworm Control, 1975
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were direct seeded January 20, 1975 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to give a density of 1 plant per ft. Plots consisted of single rows on 6 ft centers, 36 ft long. Insecticides were applied weekly from March 20 to April 25. The first two applications were made with a 2-gal hand held sprayer which delivered 50 gal per acre at 30 to 40 psi. The remaining applications were made with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row. These treatments were applied at a pressure of 150 psi in 100 gal of water per acre. On April 16 the number of pinworm mines per 4th leaf from the plant terminal of 10 randomly selected leaves per plot were counted. All the fruit was picked and weighed April 28. The percent pinworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected tomatoes from each plot. Means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range statistic.
Tomato Miscellaneous Pests
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were planted in the field from seed on May 12,1975 in 25 ft rows on 5 ft centers. Soil type was Ockley silt loam, 2 to 4% organic matter. Fifteen treatments including the check were arranged in a randomized block design, 1 row per treatment separated from the next treatment by an untreated row. Four replicates were used. Four applications were made at 10 day intervals beginning August 7 using a Back-pack mist blower (Vandermolen KWH 66), output of which was about 15 gallons per acre. Aphid counts were made by selected 10 leaves from each replicate and counting the aphids thereon. Numbers thereof were about equally divided between M.euphorbiae and M.persicae. Fruit damage by fruitworms and hornworms was assessed by examining from each replicate the first 100 fruit for characteristic feeding damage.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, Missouri, 1975
Authors: Huggans J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a new (fall) seeding of MFA’s WL-307 alfalfa. The soil Shelby loam with 5 to 10% slope and 4 to 8 inch surface soil. Results of soil tests conducted prior to seeding showed 4.6% organic matter and pH of 5.4. Effective neutralizing material (limestone) was applied to adjust pH to 6.1. One week prior to test application the field was sprayed with 3 qt 2,4-DB per acre to reduce a heavy accumulation of spring weeds. Sprays of the compounds under test were applied May 7 to 20 ft x 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4/replications. Spray treatments at the rate of 20 gallons per acre were applied at 40 psi with an IH cub tractor with a 20 ft spray boom and a power take-off roller pump. Eleven FS-6 nozzles with 50 mesh filter screens were spaced equidistance along the boom. Evaluation samples were taken May 14-15, 21-22, and 28-29. Primary sampling for efficacy against weevil larvae was by plucking individual stems of alfalfa from each plot and extracting the living larvae by heating in modified “Tulgren” funnels. Samples consisted of 25 stems per plot per sampling date. Labeled materials recommended for weevil control by the University were included in the test for standard of comparison. They were Furadan 4F 0.25 lb, Imidan 70WP 1.0 lb and en-capsulated me-parafhion (Penncap M 2EC) 0.5 lb A/A. The numbers of larvae recovered by stem pluck sampling at 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment are presented in Table 1.
Insecticidal Sprays Applied to Second Cutting Alfalfa, 1975
Authors: Wesley Stephen W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticidal sprays were applied to 0.1 acre plots of second cutting ‘Ranger’ alfalfa at Rosemount, Minn. A complete randomized block design of 3 replications was used. Each of the spray treatments applied to one set of plots was July 3, when the alfalfa was ca 6 inches tall, and to a second set of plots July 17, when the alfalfa was ca 12 inches tall. The sprays were applied by boom sprayer in 48 gal water/acre at 175 psi. Arthropod populations were sampled by vacuum machine. Each sample consisted of 10 “put-downs” of the 8 inch dia vacuum hose (equivalent to 3.5 ft2/plot). Plots were sampled July 18 and July 31. Yields were taken from a 12 ft wide swath across each plot August 1.
Corn -

D

.

Longicornis

Control, Recommended Insecticides, 1975
Authors: Musick G. J. , Szatmari-Goodman Gary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn, variety OYO 220, was planted at Wooster, Ohio, on May 2 and 15 and at Ashland, Ohio, on April 30 and May 16. Recommended soil insecticides (Furadan, Counter, Dasanit, Dyfonate, Lorsban, Mocap, and Thimet) were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel with Gandy granular insecticide boxes mounted on a 2-row John Deere corn planter. Applications were made at a ground speed of 3 mph. Plots were 2 rows wide, 40 ft long, with 25 ft alleyways between each of 4 replications. A split-plot design was used with the date of planting assigned to the whole plot and insecticide to the split plot. Soils at both locations were silt loams. Rainfall during May was near normal with June and July below normal. Soil temperature (4 inch depth) at planting on the early dates (April 30 and May 2) was ca 13°C and on the later dates (May 15 and 16) was ca 16°C. Treatments were evaluated by removing 24 root systems from each treatment and rating the rootworm damage to each root system on a scale of 1-6 ( 1 = no damage; 4 = 1 node of roots (or equivalent) destroyed; 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots destroyed). These ratings were made July 28 to August 5.
Suppression of Corn Rootworm Larvae in Illinois, 1975
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticides were evaluated as 7-inch band and furrow applications in 4 experimental fields with high rootworm populations. The fields were located in Henderson, Warren, Woodford, and Champaign Counties. Single-row plots 100 ft long in 3 randomized blocks were planted and treated between May 5 and May 10, 1975. Eval-uations were made by counting stand, rating root damage, counting number of lodged plants, and harvesting the plots by combine. Ten plants were dug and washed per plot for damage ratings. A root rating of “1” indicated little or no injury, “2” light feeding, but no major root pruning, “3” three roots pruned to less than one inch of stalk, “4” one node or roots removed, “5” two nodes of roots removed, and “6” three nodes of roots removed. One hundred corn plants were counted and those plants lodged at the base more than 30% were recorded. The data were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The soil types and pH in the counties were: Henderson - Tama Muscatine silt loam, 5.2; Warren - Muscatine silt loam, 6.1; Woodford - Muscatine, 5.7; and Champaign - Flanagan, 6.3. Rainfall was normal and well spaced during the summer. Henderson and Warren County fields received normal fertilizer applications, Woodford received light fertilizer, and Champaign received no fertilizer.
Control of Corn Borers in Corn, 1974 and 1975
Authors: Su C. Y. , Kung S. P. , Rose R. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide field tests for the control of com borers in sweet corn and field corn were conducted in 1974 and 1975. Each treatment was applied in 1 litre of spray to 4 replicated 10 square meter plots using a RCB experi-design. Insecticides were applied with 2.5 gal air pressure sprayers, each calibrated with a stopwatch and charged to 40 psi for each plot. Spraying was begun upon the initiation of silking and continued at weekly intervals until harvest. For each crop planting, 9 insecticides and 1 control were tested. Control efficacy was based on the number of tunnels and com borers in the stalks and the number of com borers in the ears of comparative samples.
Cotton,

H.

Zea

,

H.

Virescens

,

A.

Grandis

Control, Altus, 1975
Authors: Price Richard G. , Coakley Jerry , Young Jerry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 7A and Lankart XL571 were planted on May 8 and 9 at 20 lbs per acre. Eight row plots, 200 ft long; replicated 3 times in a complete randomized block design were used. Spray applications were made with a Hahn Hi-Boy sprayer traveling at a speed of 4 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of using 5 gal of total spray mixture per acre, with one number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Seven applications were made between July 30 and Sept 6, 1975. Intervals between applications ranged from 4 to 11 days. Due to field irrigation and rainfall during the treatment period, the interval between several spray applications had to be lengthened. Plots were irrigated on July 16 and August 7. Rainfall during the treatment period totaled 1.96 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruit prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Bollworm-budworm populations, 55% and 45% respectively, were considered moderate to heavy during the application period while boll weevil populations were light.
Cotton,

H

.

Zea

,

H

.

Virescens

,

A.

Grandis

Control, Chickasha, 1975
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lockett 4789A was planted on June 5, 1975 at 20 lb per acre. Eight row plots, 200 ft long, replicated 3 times in a complete randomized block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of using 5 gal of total spray mixture per acre, with 1 number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Eight applications were made between August 6 and September 6. Intervals between applications ranged from 4 to 6 days. Plots were not irrigated. Rainfall was light during the test period and did not effect the treatment schedule. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis sp. and boll weevil populations were moderate to heavy. On August 22, 50 larvae were collected for species determination. Sixty-two percent were H.zea and 38% H.virescens. On September 2, 11 larvae were collected and 57% were H.zea and 43% H. virescens
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Peanuts. EMPORIA, VA, 1975
Authors: Smith John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An existing spider mite infestation was located in a grower’s field on June 3, 1975. Plots of 3 rows (36 inch spacing) by 12 ft length were established in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied over the row in a 10 inch band with a CO2 regulated, knapsack sprayer calibrated to deliver 18 gal/acre at 50 psi. Efficacy counts were made on 10 randomly selected leaves (40 leaflets) from the center row of each plot. All growth stages were counted at 72 hours and 22 days after treatment.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Fall, 1983
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 12 Sep in Myakka fine sand on the University of Florida’s Central Florida Research and Education Center in Sanford. Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated in a 15 inch band at planting time for weed control. Treatments were applied to single row, 40 ft plots with 12 inch plant spacing. Rows were spaced 5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 5 times in randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; 1 overhead and 1 drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 50 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Sprays were applied 5, 7, and 11 Oct. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 12 Oct as follows: 0 = no apparent feeding damage; 1 = etching or feeding holes in outer leaves, no whorl damage; 2 = light whorl damage (some whorl leaves without damage); 3 = heavy whorl damage (all whorl leaves damaged). Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 inches tall; the stage considered most susceptable to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Only the percentage of plants showing ratings of 2 and 3 were included in the table since a rating of 1 was not considered a threat to the plant.