bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent speciation associated with range expansion and a shift to self-fertilization in North American Arabidopsis
Authors: Willi Yvonne , Lucek Kay , Bachmann Olivier , Walden Nora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe main processes classically evoked for promoting reproductive isolation and speciation are geographic separation reducing gene flow among populations, divergent selection, and chance genomic change. In a case study, we present evidence that the additional factors of climate change, range expansion and a shift in mating towards inbreeding can initiate the processes leading to parapatric speciation. At the end of the last Pleistocene glaciation cycle, the North American plant Arabidopsis lyrata expanded its range and concomitantly lost its reproductive mode of outcrossing multiple times. We show that in one of the newly colonized areas, the self-fertilizing recolonization lineage of A. lyrata gave rise to selfing A. arenicola, which expanded its range to subarctic and arctic Canada and Greenland, while the parental species remained restricted to temperate North America. Despite the vast range expansion by the new species, mutational load did not increase, probably because of selfing and quasi-clonal selection. We conclude that such peripheral parapatric speciation combined with range expansion and inbreeding may be an important but so far overlooked mode of speciation.
Elastoresistivity in the incommensurate charge density wave phase of BaNi2(As1−xPx)2
Authors: Frachet M. , Wiecki P. , Lacmann T. , Souliou S. M. , Willa K. , Meingast C. , Merz M. , Haghighirad A.-A. , Le Tacon M. , Böhmer A. E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectronic nematicity, the breaking of the crystal lattice rotational symmetry by the electronic fluid, is a fascinating quantum state of matter. In this work, using electronic transport under strain we investigate the electronic nematicity of BaNi2(As1−xPx)2, a candidate system for charge-induced nematicity. We report a large B1g elastoresistance coefficient that is maximized at the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition temperature, that slightly precedes the first-order triclinic transition. An hysteretic behavior is observed in the resistance versus strain sweeps and interpreted as the pinning of orthorhombic domains. Remarkably, the elastoresistance only onsets together with a strong enhancement of the incommensurate charge density wave of the material, strongly suggesting that this electronic instability is uniaxial in nature and drive the orthorhombic transition. The absence of sizeable elastoresistance above this electronic phase clearly contrasts dynamic and static electronic nematicity. Finally, the elastoresistance temperature dependence that strongly differs from the Curie-Weiss form of iron-based superconductors reveals major differences for the respective coupling of electronic nematicity to the lattice. Our results uncover an extremely strain-sensitive platform to study electronic anisotropy induced by a charge-density-wave instability.
Multibody analysis and soft tissue strength refute supersonic dinosaur tail
Authors: Conti Simone , Tschopp Emanuel , Mateus Octávio , Zanoni Andrea , Masarati Pierangelo , Sala Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSauropod dinosaurs are well known for their massive sizes and long necks and tails. Among sauropods, flagellicaudatan dinosaurs are characterized by extreme tail elongation, which has led to hypotheses regarding tail function, often compared to a whip. Here, we analyse the dynamics of motion of a 3D model of an apatosaurine flagellicaudatan tail using multibody simulation and quantify the stress-bearing capabilities of the associated soft tissues. Such an elongated and slender structure would allow achieving tip velocities in the order of 30 m/s, or 100 km/h, far slower than the speed of sound, due to the combined effect of friction of the musculature and articulations, as well as aerodynamic drag. The material properties of the skin, tendons, and ligaments also support such evidence, proving that in life, the tail would not have withstood the stresses imposed by travelling at the speed of sound, irrespective of the conjectural ‘popper’, a hypothetical soft tissue structure analogue to the terminal portion of a bullwhip able to surpass the speed of sound.
Differential microRNA profiles in elderly males with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Kim Hyejun , Yun Jae Won , Baek Gayun , Kim Sungchul , Jue Mihn-Sook 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeborrheic dermatitis (SD) is one of the most common skin diseases characterized by inflammatory symptoms and cell proliferation, which has increased incidence in patients older than 50 years. Although the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated in several diseases, miRNA profiles of patients with SD remain unknown. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in lesions of elderly male patients with SD. We used a microarray-based approach to identify DEMs in lesions compared to those in non-lesions of patients with SD. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using bioinformatics tools to elucidate the functional significance of the target mRNAs of DEMs in lesions of patients with SD. Expression levels of two miRNAs—hsa-miR-6831-5p and hsa-miR-7107-5p—were downregulated, whereas those of six miRNAs—hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-127-3p, hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR-342-3p, and hsa-miR-6824-5p—were upregulated. Functions of the SD-related miRNAs were predicted to be significantly associated with typical dermatological pathogenesis, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and immune regulation. In summary, SD alters the miRNA profile, and target mRNAs of the DEMs are related to immune responses and cell proliferation, which are the two main processes in SD pathogenesis.
Commercial toilets emit energetic and rapidly spreading aerosol plumes
Authors: Crimaldi John P. , True Aaron C. , Linden Karl G. , Hernandez Mark T. , Larson Lars T. , Pauls Anna K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAerosols can transmit infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2, influenza and norovirus. Flushed toilets emit aerosols that spread pathogens contained in feces, but little is known about the spatiotemporal evolution of these plumes or the velocity fields that transport them. Using laser light to illuminate ejected aerosols we quantify the kinematics of plumes emanating from a commercial flushometer-type toilet, and use the motion of aerosol particles to compute velocity fields of the associated flow. The toilet flush produces a strong chaotic jet with velocities exceeding 2 m/s; this jet transports aerosols to heights reaching 1.5 m within 8 seconds of initiating a flush. Quantifying toilet plumes and associated flow velocities provides a foundation for future design strategies to mitigate plume formation or to disinfect pathogens within it.
Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries
Authors: Friehs Maria-Therese , Kotzur Patrick F. , Kraus Christine , Schemmerling Moritz , Herzig Jessica A. , Stanciu Adrian , Dilly Sebastian , Hellert Lisa , Hübner Doreen , Rückwardt Anja , Ulizcay Veruschka , Christ Oliver , Brambilla Marco , De keersmaecker Jonas , Durante Federica , Gale Jessica , Grigoryev Dmitry , Igou Eric R. , Javakhishvili Nino , Kienmoser Doris , Nicolas Gandalf , Oldmeadow Julian , Rohmer Odile , Sætrevik Bjørn , Barbedor Julien , Bastias Franco , Bjørkheim Sebastian B. , Bolatov Aidos , Duran Nazire , Findor Andrej , Götz Friedrich , Graf Sylvie , Hakobjanyan Anna , Halkias Georgios , Hancheva Camellia , Hřebíčková Martina , Hruška Matej , Husnu Shenel , Kadirov Kamoliddin , Khachatryan Narine , Macedo Francisco G. , Makashvili Ana , Martínez-Muñoz Maylin , Mercadante Eric , Mesesan Schmitz Luiza , Michael Andreas , Mullabaeva Nozima , Neto Félix , Neto Joana , Ozturk Merve , Paschenko Svitlana , Pietraszkiewicz Agnieszka , Psaltis Charis , Qiu Yuting , Rupar Mirjana , Samekin Adil , Schmid Katharina , Sczesny Sabine , Sun Yiwen , Svedholm-Häkkinen Annika M. , Szymkow Aleksandra , Teye-Kwadjo Enoch , Torres Claudio V. , Vieira Luc , Yahiiaiev Illia , Yzerbyt Vincent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.
Physical but not virtual presence of others potentiates implicit and explicit learning
Authors: Sarasso Pietro , Ronga Irene , Del Fante Elena , Barbieri Paolo , Lozzi Irene , Rosaia Nicola , Cicerale Alessandro , Neppi-Modona Marco , Sacco Katiuscia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractE-learning activities are becoming more and more common. Whilst it is well known that the physical presence of others motivates individuals to engage in perceptual and learning tasks, systematic investigations comparing the effects of physical and virtual co-presence of others on knowledge acquisition are still scarce. Here we investigate the effects of physical and virtual co-presence of others on explicit and implicit learning. In Experiment 1 (discovery sample), retrieval accuracy in a spatial memory task and EEG indexes (mismatch negativity-MMN) of implicit perceptual learning were recorded when participants were alone or in presence of another individual. In Experiment 2 (replicating sample), we added a “virtual” condition, where the same tasks were performed during a video-conference call. In both experiments, MMN was demonstrated to encode for perceptual learning as revealed by the significant correlation with Bayesian Surprise (a consolidated information-theoretic index of Bayesian learning). Furthermore, In Experiments 1 and 2 physical co-presence systematically ameliorated memorization performances and increased MMN indexes related to implicit learning. These positive effects were absent in the virtual condition, thus suggesting that only physical, but not virtual co-presence is effective in potentiating learning dynamics.
Investigation on optical, structural and electrical properties of solid-state polymer nanocomposites electrolyte incorporated with Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Salim E. , Hany Wessam , Elshahawy A. G. , Oraby A. H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA solid polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyethylene 3,4-dioxythiophene: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been prepared with various concentrations of incorporated silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) by using solution cast approach. The FTIR spectroscopic study revealed the complexation between the polymeric nanocomposite (PNC) and the Ag NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results infer that the semicrystalline phase of PNC decreases as the amount of incorporated Ag NPs increases. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image revealed that Ag NPs have diameters ranging from 22 to 43 nm. Complex dielectric permittivity and alternating current (AC) electrical conductivity of nanocomposite films have been investigated in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz at 30 °C. Dc conductivity ($${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{dc}}$$

σ
dc

) values for the nanocomposite films are estimated from AC conductivity plots. The $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{dc}}$$

σ
dc

value was observed to increase from 1.98 × 10−9 to 2.29 × 10−7 S.cm−1 for the PNC system incorporated with optimal Ag NPs. From complex impedance (Z*) analysis, it has been found that the bulk electrical resistance (Rb) of the PNC films decreases with increasing the Ag NPs content. Therefore, these obtained PNC films have promising applications in energy storage devices.
Effects of minimalist shoes on pelvic floor activity in nulliparous women during running at different velocities: a randomized cross-over clinical trial
Authors: García-Arrabe María , García-Fernández Pablo , Ruiz-Ruiz Beatriz , del Prado-Álvarez Rebeca , Romero-Morales Carlos , Díaz-Arribas María José 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional shoes. The aim of the present study was to determine the short-term effects of minimalist shoes in femur range of motion (ROM) and cadence. The secondary objectives were the assessment of the electromyographic activity of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in nulliparous women. A randomized, prospective cross-over clinical trial design was used for the study. A total of 51 participants were randomly allocated into a two-sequence crossover design (AB/BA crossover design). Femur ROM, cadence and PFM activity were recorded. The femur ROM at 6 km/h was greater with the minimalist shoes by 1.62 degrees than with the traditional ones (p = 0.001). There was a main effect of the type of shoe (p = 0.015) systematically observing a higher running cadence with the minimalist shoe compared to the traditional one. Electromyographic activity of the PFM revealed significant differences for 11 km/h for the total average (p = 0.027) and the minimum peaks at 9 km/h (p = 0.011) and 11 km/h (p = 0.048) for the minimalist shoe with respect to the traditional shoes. Minimalist shoes produce immediate effects on the biomechanical variables of running. An increase was observed in the femur ROM at 6 km/h and in the cadence at 11 km/h with the use of minimalist shoes. The use of minimalist shoes increased the electromyographic activation of the PFM in the minimum peaks at speeds of 9 and 11 km/h and in the total average at speeds of 11 km/h compared to the traditional shoe.
Low-frequency electrical stimulation of bilateral hind legs by belt electrodes is effective for preventing denervation-induced atrophies in multiple skeletal muscle groups in rats
Authors: Uno Hiroyuki , Kamiya Shohei , Akimoto Ryuji , Hosoki Katsu , Tadano Shunta , Kouzaki Karina , Tamura Yuki , Kotani Takaya , Isemura Mako , Nakazato Koichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBelt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES) can simultaneously contract multiple muscle groups. Although the beneficial effects of B-SES in clinical situations have been elucidated, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we developed a novel rodent B-SES ankle stimulation system to test whether low-frequency stimulation prevents denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Electrical stimulations (7‒8 Hz, 30 min) with ankle belt electrodes were applied to Sprague–Dawley rats daily for one week. All animals were assigned to the control (CONT), denervation-induced atrophy (DEN), and DEN + electrical stimulation (ES) groups. The tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles were used to examine the effect of ES treatment. After seven daily sessions of continuous stimulation, muscle wet weight (n = 8–11), and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA, n = 4–6) of TA and GAS muscles were lower in DEN and DEN + ES than in CON. However, it was significantly higher in DEN than DEN + ES, showing that ES partially prevented muscle atrophy. PGC-1α, COX-IV, and citrate synthase activities (n = 6) were significantly higher in DEN + ES than in DEN. The mRNA levels of muscle proteolytic molecules, Atrogin-1 and Murf1, were significantly higher in DEN than in CONT, while B-SES significantly suppressed their expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, low-frequency electrical stimulation of the bilateral ankles using belt electrodes (but not the pad electrodes) is effective in preventing denervation-induced atrophy in multiple muscles, which has not been observed with pad electrodes. Maintaining the mitochondrial quantity and enzyme activity by low-frequency electrical stimulation is key to suppressing muscle protein degradation.
Integrated mechanical environment of pre- and post-rupture fault and asperity origin of the 2011 giant Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Xie Zhoumin , Cai Yongen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is a key to know mechanical environment (ME) of pre- and post-rupture fault of giant earthquakes at subduction zones for predicting earthquake and tsunami disaster. However, we know little about its details till now. In this paper, using the inverted stress change three hours before and three hours after the mainshock in the rupture zone of the 2011 Tohoku-OkiMw9.0 earthquake, we show a quantitative integrated ME in the rupture zone, including principal stress, pore-fluid pressure and friction strength. We discover from this environment a large asperity composed of two asperities induced by relatively high friction coefficients and relatively lower pore-fluid pressures. The integrate ME quantitatively explained the reasons of the overshoot and relatively lower shear strength of the trench, which caused huge displacement and tsunami at the trench. We suggest that the asperities favor the horst and graben structure system which provides a geology environment for interseismic stress accumulation and thus for breeding the megathrust tsunami earthquake.
Calcineurin inhibitors’ impact on cardiovascular and renal function, a descriptive study in lung transplant recipients from the North of Spain
Authors: Nogueiras-Álvarez Rita , Mora-Cuesta Víctor Manuel , Cifrián-Martínez José Manuel , de Cos-Cossío María Ángeles , García-Sáiz María del Mar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx) need administration of immunosuppressive therapy following the procedure to prevent graft rejection. However, these drugs are not exempt from potential risks. The development of cardiovascular risk factors and impaired renal function in the post-transplantation period are conditions that may be favoured by the use of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) drugs which could have repercussions on the quality of life and the post-transplantation evolution. To evaluate the cardiovascular and renal toxicity following the administration of CNI as maintenance immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) we reviewed a total number of 165 patients undergoing LTx between 01/01/2015 and 08/12/2018. They were divided into two groups according to the CNI drug administrated: cyclosporine (CsA-group) with 11 patients or tacrolimus (Tac-group), with 154 patients. We evaluated the de novo occurrence of arterial hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia and impaired renal function after initiation of CNI administration. In addition to that, the time until each of these events was assessed. A higher rate for developing HTN (p < 0.001) and impaired renal function (p = 0.047) was observed within the CsA-group. The new onset of hyperlipidemia was similar between both CNI groups and de novo appearance of DM was only documented in those LTRs receiving tacrolimus. In this LTRs retrospective study, it was observed that having ≥ 4 tacrolimus trough levels above the upper limit of the proposed interval for each specific post-LTx period was associated with an increased risk for developing renal impairment. No other statistically significant association was found between supratherapeutic CNIs blood levels and the evaluated toxicities.
Deceptive and open-label placebo effects in experimentally induced guilt: a randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects
Authors: Sezer Dilan , Locher Cosima , Gaab Jens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlacebos are known to yield significant effects in many conditions. We examined deceptive and open-label placebo effects on guilt, which is important for self-regulation and a symptom of mental disorders. Following an experimental induction of guilt, healthy subjects were randomized to deceptive placebo (DP; n = 35), open-label placebo (OLP; n = 35), or no treatment (NT; n = 39). The primary outcome was guilt responses assessed in area under the curve (AUC). Secondary outcomes were shame, guilt, and affect. We hypothesized that DP and OLP would reduce guilt compared to NT. Guilt responses were higher in the NT group than in the placebo groups (estimate = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.24–3.82, d = 0.53), whereas AUC guilt did not differ significantly between the placebo groups (estimate = −0.38, 95% CI = −2.52–1.76, d = −0.09). Placebos are efficacious in reducing acute guilt responses, regardless of the placebo administration (i.e., open vs. deceptive). Furthermore, we observed narrative-specific effects with significant changes of guilt but not shame, pride, or affect. These results indicate not only that guilt is amenable to placebos but also that placebos can be administered in an ethical and potentially emotion-specific manner.
Challenges in selecting admixture models and marker sets to infer genetic ancestry in a Brazilian admixed population
Authors: Escher Luciana Maia , Naslavsky Michel S. , Scliar Marília O. , Duarte Yeda A. O. , Zatz Mayana , Nunes Kelly , Oliveira Silviene F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe inference of genetic ancestry plays an increasingly prominent role in clinical, population, and forensic genetics studies. Several genotyping strategies and analytical methodologies have been developed over the last few decades to assign individuals to specific biogeographic regions. However, despite these efforts, ancestry inference in populations with a recent history of admixture, such as those in Brazil, remains a challenge. In admixed populations, proportion and components of genetic ancestry vary on different levels: (i) between populations; (ii) between individuals of the same population, and (iii) throughout the individual's genome. The present study evaluated 1171 admixed Brazilian samples to compare the genetic ancestry inferred by tri-/tetra-hybrid admixture models and evaluated different marker sets from those with small numbers of ancestry informative markers panels (AIMs), to high-density SNPs (HDSNP) and whole-genome-sequence (WGS) data. Analyses revealed greater variation in the correlation coefficient of ancestry components within and between admixed populations, especially for minority ancestral components. We also observed positive correlation between the number of markers in the AIMs panel and HDSNP/WGS. Furthermore, the greater the number of markers, the more accurate the tri-/tetra-hybrid admixture models.