bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Seed Quality1
Authors: McDonald Miller B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The assessment of seed quality continues to attract increasing attention from the seed industry. Farmers believe that seed quality information will enable them to make economic decisions regarding the cost of seeds, earliness of planting, quantity of seeds to plant, and the anticipated uniformity of stand. Seedsmen believe that seed quality information will aid them in monitoring seed quality during the various processing phases of seed production. Seed quality tests might reveal where loss in seed viability occurs during combining, cleaning, drying, storing, bagging, etc. and may pinpoint adverse practices which could subsequently be improved. The accurate assessment of seed quality could have a significant impact on improving seed performance, which would culminate in important economic considerations for the farmer and seedsman alike. This report will attempt to clarify what seed quality is, what constraints are imposed on seed quality testing, how seed quality tests are assessed, how seed quality tests can be standardized, and what the future of seed quality testing may be.
Bee-sticks, an Aid in Pollinating Cruciferae1
Authors: Williams Paul H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effective, inexpensive, disposable pollination aids (bee-sticks) can be made by gluing the thoraxes of dead honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to the tips of wooden toothpicks. Bee-sticks also are suitable for the short and long term storage and for shipment of pollen.
The Genetic Relationship of Virescent, Yellow-green, Glabrous, and Halo Mutants in Muskmelon1
Authors: Nugent Perry E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Virescent (v) is inherited independently of yellow-green (yg), glabrous (gl), and halo (h) seedling mutants in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Virescent, yellow-green seedlings were virescent with the yellowish chlorophyll change. Virescent, glabrous seedlings were virescent without trichomes, and virescent, halo seedlings produced no chlorophyll and were lethal. With each pair of mutants the segregation of progenies from test crosses fit the expected ratio for independent assortment of 2 gene pairs located on different chromosomes.
Effects of Leaf Position and Storage Conditions on Pressure Bomb Measurement of Leaf Water Potential in Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Allen J. J. , Nell T. A. , Joiner J. N. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There were generally no decreases in water potential when leaves of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) were stored in plastic bags for 1-5 hours, individually or together, provided a moist towel was included. Decreases in water potential occurred after 1 and 3 hours in leaves stored individually or together without a moist towel. Maximum stress was observed in the third negative at 0600 hours with values increasing to a maximum of −8.1 bars at 1400 hours.
Evaluation of Application Methods of Ancymidol and Daminozide for Height Control of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Nell T. A. , Wilfret G. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant size, and number of flowers of chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat. cvs. Yellow Mandalay and Royal Trophy) were reduced when grown in a soil containing granular α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5 pyrimidine (ancymidol) or provided ancymidol drench or butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) spray but not when sprayed with ancymidol (0.5 mg). Granular ancymidol at 0.5 mg/pot reduced plant height 9% on ‘Yellow Mandalay’ and 30% on ‘Royal Trophy’ compared to controls. Foliar applications of daminozide reduced height 27% on ‘Yellow Mandalay’ and 47% on ‘Royal Trophy’.
Dikegulac Sodium Influences Shoot Growth of Greenhouse Azaleas1
Authors: Shu Lih-Jyu , Sanderson Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of 0.5% dikegulac sodium applied to 4 cultivars of greenhouse-forcing azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) 11 days after shearing, decreased shoot length and increased shoot number with more shoots originating along the entire stem at lower node positions than on untreated plants. Five to 6 weeks after treatment shoot length increased normally indicating that dikegulac sodium did not have a long term depressive effect on azalea shoot growth and development.
Bench Chip Budding of Field Roses1
Authors: Davies F. T. , Fann Y. , Lazarte J. E. , Paterson D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A high percentage of successful bud unions were obtained by bench chip budding selected Rosa hybrida L. budwood on dormant, unrooted Rosa multiflora Thunb. understock. Chip budding was successful using both hand technique and a Liliput grafting tool. Parafilm strips were the most effective graft wrapping material.
Growth Response of European Birch Seedlings to Daylength and Root Pruning1
Authors: Kelly Robert J. , Mecklenburg Roy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of European birch (Betula pendula Roth.) grew rapidly (3.4 cm/week) in long days (8 hours of natural light plus 2 hours of supplemental light in the middle of the dark period). Two weeks of short days (8 hours of natural light) inhibited shoot growth and promoted the onset of dormancy. Daylength did not effect the rate of root growth. Root pruning suppressed the rate of root growth for 2 weeks, but once active tips were formed the rate of growth was similar to unpruned roots. Complete defoliation or covering of the foliage on short day dormant plants terminated root growth.
‘Autumn Blaze’ Ornamental Pear1
Authors: Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the release of Pyrus calleryana Done. cv. Bradford by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (4) this species has become popular as a street tree and in landscapes in areas where it is hardy. Because of problems in maturing ‘Bradford’ trees in the nursery, with subsequent problems of dieback in storage and poor transplanting success, some nurseries have sought selections of P. calleryana with all of the good characteristics of ‘Bradford’ but with better growing and handling traits. Also in some climates ‘Bradford’ does not exhibit red leaf coloration in the fall, and a number of selections have been made that are more colorful.
‘Molino’ and ‘Tonto’ Arizona Rosewood1
Authors: Hogan LeMoyne , Jones Warren , Lee Chi Won 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arizona rosewood (Vauquelinia californica Torr). Rosaceae, is native to southern Arizona and northern Mexico at elevations of 750 to 1500 m (1). ‘Molino’ and ‘Tonto’ Arizona rosewood were released by the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station to provide evergreen, drought-tolerant, flowering shrubs adapted to the low and medium deserts of the southwestern United States and similar regions of the world.
‘Ennis’ and ‘Butler’ Filberts1
Authors: Lagerstedt H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Ennis’ and ‘Butler’ are the first filbert (Corylus avellana L.) introductions to be made from the Pacific Northwest in over 40 years. Cultivars more recently introduced from the northeastern U.S. and Canada have not proved to be satisfactory in Oregon and Washington. About 85% of the U.S. filbert production comes from a single cultivar, ‘Barcelona’, introduced from Europe in 1885. Another 10% of the production comes from ‘Daviana’, a cultivar which functions primarily as a pollinizer for ‘Barcelona’. ‘Ennis’ is being introduced as a main crop cultivar to replace ‘Barcelona’ for the in-shell trade. ‘Butler’ is introduced as a pollinizer to replace ‘Daviana’. The new introductions will, in part, be described by comparing them to the cultivars they are expected to replace (Fig. 1 and 2).
Horticulture in the Canary Islands
Authors: Sauco V. Galan , Perez P. Mansito , Ruano M. Caballero 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Canary Islands, located between 27° and 29° North latitude, are excellently placed to export horticultural commodities throughout Europe. The Spanish mainland and the United Kingdom have been the traditional export markets for many years. Imminent entrance of Spain to the European Common Market should bring the advantages of preferential trade with Europe to these Islands. Now, agricultural exports and tourism constitute the principal income to the Canary Islands archipelago.
Cultivation of the Shiitake Mushroom
Authors: San Antonio James P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The basic principles and practices of the cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.) on tree logs under forest conditions at Beltsville, Maryland, are described. Spawned logs were supported to prevent contact with the soil, but no additional cultural practices were used to promote mycelial growth or mushroom fruiting. The best and most consistent mushroom yield was obtained from black and white oak. The total yield from oak logs about 90 g fresh weight mushrooms/kg fresh weight (FW) log (5 year crop cycle), was about 50% ofthat reported for large scale commercial production of shiitake mushrooms in Japan. Results of these experiments indicate also that there does not appear to be any substrate barrier to the escape and naturalization of L. edodes in the northeastern United States.
Effects of Certain Processing Methods, Substrate Level, and Polyphenoloxidase on the Stability of Ascorbic Acid in Kiwi Fruit1
Authors: Okuse Asako , Okuse Ichiro , Ryugo K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ascorbic acid content in kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch, cv. Hayward) decreased by 20% when the pulp was boiled for 2 hours. Frozen samples when left to thaw at room temperature also lost ascorbic acid to an equal degree; whereas, homogenization for an hour resulted in complete oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. Reacting polyphenoloxidase prepared from mature kiwi fruit with extracts of the same revealed that the latter contained low amounts of polyphenols. Since ascorbic acid inhibits the oxidation of many polyphenols, our finding may account for the lack of browning reaction in tissues of bruised fruits.
Physiological Dwarfing of Peach with Mefluidide1
Authors: Arnold Calvin E. , Aldrich James H. , Cornell John A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Melfluidide [N-{2,4-dimethyl–5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl} acetamide] applied at 0, 0.9, 1.9, 3.7, 5.6 and 7.5g/liter to 2nd leaf peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. June Gold] on June 14,1976 induced a dwarfing effect on tree height 70 days following treatment which was maintained for the duration of the experiment (471 days). The number of lateral branches increased as early as 100 days after treatment. Lateral branch length was less than that of the check trees. Mefluidide reduced trunk diameter growth over the control. The lowest rate of mefluidide produced slight phytotoxicity but increasing rates caused severe defoliation and other types of phytotoxicity including tree mortality.
Flower Initiation of Brassica Species under Total Darkness1
Authors: Inouye J. , Kuo C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The in vitro flowering responses in conditions of total darkness were studied in several cultivars of diploid and tetraploid Brassica species. Diploid species with the A genome tended to form flowers about equally at high or low temperature, the single B genome species formed some flowers only at high temperature and those with C genome not at all. Similarly, allotetraploid species with the AC genomes tended to flower as did certain of those with the BC and AB genomes but to a considerably lesser extent. Leaf formation was correlated with flowering.
Cauliflower Leaf Tipburn: a Calcium Deficiency Disorder1
Authors: Maynard D. N. , Warner D. C. , Howell J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of field-grown cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis group) plants with tip-burn had lower Ca concentrations than normal leaves but did not differ in N, P, K, or Mg concentrations. In greenhouse experiments plant growth and leaf Ca increased, whereas the severity of tipburn decreased with increased Ca supply. ‘Imperial 10–6’ cauliflower leaves had a higher Ca concentration and were more tolerant of tipburn than ‘Self Blanche’ cauliflower.
Influence of Fertilizer, Dolomite, and Fluoride Levels on Foliar Necrosis of Chamaedorea elegans Mart.1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Additions of superphosphate and NaF to the potting medium increased necrosis of Chamaedorea elegans Mart, (parlor palm) while additions of dolomite decreased necrosis. Fertilizer levels had no effect. Elevated fluoride levels were found in the tissue of necrotic parlor palm foliage.
Oleander Aphid Control on Oleander with Insecticides1
Authors: Reinert James A. , Donselman Henry M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Fonscolombe, is a common pest of oleander, Nerium oleander L. Acephate, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, fenvalerate, methidathion, methomyl, permethrin, phosalone, and pirimicarb provided 100% control for 5 days after one spray application. Dimethoate, fenvalerate, methomyl, and pirimicarb provided additional residual control when plants were reinfested with aphids 5 days posttreatment.
Effects of Depulping, Stratification, and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Liriope muscari1
Authors: Fagan Ann E. , Dirr Michael A. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Depulped seeds of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L. H. Bailey pretreated with GA3 and/or kinetin and placed at 21°C for warm stratification, showed increased germination over unpulped seeds. Germination rates ranged from 87 to 100%. Identical growth regulator treatments resulted in no germination when the depulped seeds were cold stratified (5°C). Unpulped seed, pre-soaked in water for 24 hours or not soaked and given warm stratification germinated 38 and 25%, respectively. This suggested that the inhibition in unpulped seed is influenced by a water soluble inhibitor in the fruit wall.
Critical Foliar Levels of Potassium in Pot Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Hershey David R. , Paul J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pot chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum ☓ morifolium Ramat. ‘Bright Golden Anne’) were grown vegetatively for 5 weeks at 10 application rates of K. Two critical K levels were determined by correlating top fresh weights with K concentration in the most recently mature leaves. The critical foliar level associated with maximum yield was 2.3% K and that associated with 90% of maximum yield was 1.3% K. Potassium concentrations in leaves showing the earliest signs of K deficiency symptoms ranged from 0.6 to 0.7% K.
Light, Fertilizer, and Water Level Effects on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Composition, and Light Compensation Point of Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Nell T. A. , Allen J. J. , Joiner J. N. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Light compensation point (LCP) was decreased 28.1% at 25% shade and 65% under 63% shade, as compared to full sun plants in chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Shade level decreased plant growth characteristics measured and increased light intensity produced earlier flowering. Reductions in water and fertilizer levels did not alter LCP, but growth characteristics were affected. Total water used per pot varied with light levels.
Improving the Longevity of Bud-cut Carnation Flowers with Silver Thiosulfate1
Authors: Aldrufeu Anna , Folch Immaculada , Camprubi Pere 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Silver thiosulfate in either distilled or tap water increased the longevity of bud-cut carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by 8 or 9 days when they were treated just after harvest, and by 11 or 13 days when they were treated after storage at 1°C for 8 weeks. Other preservative chemicals (8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + sucrose, aminoethoxyvinylglycine) were much less effective.
‘Tuckcross 756P’ Tomato1
Authors: Trinklein David H. , Lambeth Victor N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tuckcross 756P’ is an early, large, pink-fruited three-way hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) that is adapted for greenhouse culture in the northern U.S. and Canada. Since 1971 it has performed well in experiment station and commercial greenhouse trials (2, 3, 4). With early production of good quality fruit, ‘Tuckcross 756P’ is also resistant to fusarium wilt and tolerant to leaf mold.
Women in Horticulture: A Need for Full Participation!
Authors: Marihelen Kamp 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Women in Horticulture Working Group in the Education Division of ASHS is a reality! The objectives of this Working Group are: “To promote high standards of professionalism, to foster communication by dispelling myths of the sexes, and to encourage participation by both sexes in exploring problems faced by professional horticulturists in the work environment”.
Council for Professional Horticulture: A Proposal
Authors: Storey J. Benton 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is time for horticulturists to control their own destinies. Too often, we have assumed a defensive posture with respect to our academic and research programs. Those professions that have developed systems for accrediting their academic programs—engineering, landscape architecture, forestry, medicine, veterinary medicine—seem to have more clout than horticulture. Yet, horticulture is no less of a profession and must be recognized as such immediately if we are to maintain and enrich courses, degree programs, and opportunities for our graduates.
“Dean of World Pomology” Seeks U.S. Teaching Opportunity
Authors: Childers Norman F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dr. Steve A. Pieniazek, retired director of the Institute of Pomology in Skierniewice, Poland, tells us he would be interested in coming to the United States and teaching pomology on a temporary basis. There is an increasing need for teachers in pomology. It is possible he could fill an opening caused by retirement while the department is looking for a replacement.
Cuphea — A Potential New Crop
Authors: Thompson A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Species of Cuphea are undergoing domestication to produce a new crop that will serve as a domestic source of lauric acid and other medium-chain fatty acids. Potential usage of seed oils for industrial, medicinal, and nutritional purposes, and usage of plants for ornamental purposes are cited. Major constraints to commercialization and commercial production are excessive seed shattering, seed dormancy, sticky exudates from glandular hairs, and indeterminate flowering and seed production. Current cooperative, multidisciplinary new crop research and development efforts are described.
Sorting Through The Variability
Authors: Carlson Peter S. , Conrad Betsey F. , Lutz Joseph D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current axiom is that passage of plant cells through tissue culture results in increased genetic variability. The major task confronting anyone who would harness this new genetic variability is to recover the rare, desirable genotypes from the large number of other genotypes. This task is accomplished easily if the desired phenotype is controlled by a single gene, and expressed at the cellular level in vitro. Tolerance of plants to stresses often do not exhibit these characteristics. We will consider several approaches to developing novel selection systems for complex, agricultural traits.
Porous Bulbs to Control Water Contents in Container Media
Authors: Karnoski T. C. , Willits D. H. , Skaggs R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Porous, ceramic bulbs were used to control the water content of containers filled with Metro-Mix 350 and subjected to an evaporative flux at the surface. Two initial media water contents (0.13 cm3 and container capacity), 2 pressure heads (0 cm and -12 cm of water), and 3 bubbling pressure (0.5,1.0, and 2.0 bar) were investigated. The degree of control varied. The wettest profiles were produced by the treatments with the largest pore size and the higher pressure head. The treatments producing the best results were those using the 1.0-bar (3.0 micron) bulbs. A pressure head of 0 cm of water produced water contents in excess of container capacity, while a pressure head of -12 cm of water produced a water content profile between container capacity and that obtained in a nonirrigated control.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Sweet Potato
Authors: Jarret R. L. , Salazar S. , Fernandez Z. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asexual embryos arose from callus derived from axillary bud shoot tips of 6 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plant introductions (PIs) when cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Transferral of embryogenic callus to auxin-free medium resulted in the continued development and eventual germination of individual somatic embryos and recovery of rooted plantlets.
Temperature-influenced Instability in a Genic Male-sterile Common Bean
Authors: Estrada S. , Mutschler M. A. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genic male steriles of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) showed an average of 68% outcrossing. Outcrossing estimates are conservative due to selfing or sibbing made possible by unexpected fertility restoration in plants initially classified as male sterile. In growth chamber studies, a temperature regime of 30° day/18°C night for 2 weeks after flowering altered the expression of unstable sterile plants from partial sterile to male sterile. The reverse shift was conditioned by an 18° day/7° night temperature regime. Sterility was restored again by returning plants to the higher temperatures. The sterile F1 progenies of the cross male sterile x Swedish Brown-10 were all unstable. Temperature-stable steriles were obtained by selfing cold-treated, unstable steriles or by using these plants to pollinate stable steriles.
Within-row Spacing and Dry Weight Distribution in Two Strawberry Cultivars
Authors: Hancock J. F. , Moon J. W. , Flore J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa L.) ‘Midway’ and ‘Guardian’ were grown runnerless at several within-row spacings (8-47 cm). The proportion of dry matter allocated to fruit was negatively correlated with spacing distance for ‘Guardian’ (r = 0.68), but positively correlated for ‘Midway’ (r = 0.91). Total crown weight was positively associated with plant-spacing distance for ‘Guardian’ (r = 0.88) but not for ‘Midway’ (r = 0.05). Specific leaf weight was positively correlated with spacing for both cultivars.
Effects of Waxing on Moisture Loss and Ripening of ‘Fuerte’ Avocado Fruit
Authors: Durand Ben J. , Orcan Lelia , Yanko Uri , Zauberman Giora , Fuchs Yoram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Internal atmosphere composition, respiration rate, ethylene production, weight loss, and firmness were monitored during the ripening of waxed and nonwaxed avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) during storage at 5°C, and ripening at 20°. Artificial waxing, which usually forms a uniform film over the closely packed platelet structure of the natural wax, was sometimes incomplete. Waxing caused a slight buildup of CO2 and possible reduction in internal O2 concentrations during the preclimacteric of stored fruit, and may have reduced ethylene synthesis during the climacteric. Waxing caused a 1-day delay in fruit softening under extended cold-storage conditions.
Effect of Number of Bacteria on Cold Injury of Rooted Cuttings from Phony-infected and Uninfected Peach Trees
Authors: Daniell J. W. , Krewer G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rooted twig cuttings of ‘Jefferson’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] infected or noninfected with phony peach disease were divided into nonphony, medium phony, and severe phony based on symptoms and on Fastidious, gram-negative, xylemlimited bacteria (PPXLB) counts. During the dormant season, the rooted plants were subjected to cold treatments of -11.7°, -14.4°, -17.9°, -20.0°, and -21.6°C in cold chambers. Plants with higher PPXLB counts exhibited more cold injury than plants with lower counts.