bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh hardness Li2O–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramics containing multiphase nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Lina , Sun Tengfei , Hao Zhenbang , Xie Jun , Zhang Jihong , Han Jianjun , Wang Mingzhong , Cui Xiuzhen , Liang Xinhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLi2O–Al2O3–SiO2‐based glass–ceramics containing nanocrystals have attracted much attention due to their low expansion coefficient, good mechanical properties, for different applications, such as fire‐safe glass, dental materials, and electronic devices protectors. In current research, ultrahigh hardness Li2O–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramics were prepared by conventional melt‐quenching and subsequent heat‐treatment method. MgO was introduced via Li2O substitution to change glass crystallization and mechanical properties. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated the glass transition and crystallization temperatures increased with MgO/Li2O ratio increase, for better glass network connectivity from Raman spectra analysis. In addition, the main crystal phase changed from Li2SiO5 and LiAlSi4O10, to the combination of LiAlSi2O6 and MgAl2Si4O12, and finally to MgAl2Si4O12. The Vickers hardness of glass–ceramics was highly dependent on MgO/Li2O ratios in glass components and heat‐treatment temperatures, corresponding with the crystal phases in glass–ceramics. The highest hardness could reach 9.34 GPa, which was much higher than traditional silicate glass–ceramics. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed the crystal diameters that varied from 30 to 100 nm and were determined by MgO content. Transmission electron microscope images and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy mapping also confirmed the precipitation of multiphase nanocrystals in glass matrix. The changes of glass structure, and corresponding crystal combinations in glass–ceramics resulting from MgO introduction, were responsible for the ultrahigh hardness glass.
Norovirus attribution study: Detection of norovirus from the commercial food preparation environment in outbreak and non-outbreak premises
Authors: Elviss Nicola C. , Allen David J. , Kelly Daniel , Akello Joyce Odeke , Hau Sarah , Fox Andrew J. , Hopkins Mark , Derrick Jade , O'Brien Sarah , Iturriza-Gomara Miren ,   Conducted as part of NoVAS
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Norovirus remains the most significant virological risk that is transmitted via food and the environment to cause acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the contamination of the commercial food production environment with norovirus will be higher in premises that have recently reported a foodborne norovirus outbreak than those that have not.

Methods
Sampling of commercial food production environments was carried out across a 16-month period between January 2015 and April 2016 in the South East and the North West of England by local authority environmental health departments as part of routine surveillance visits to premises. A total of 2982 samples, 2038 virological and 944 bacteriological, were collected from 256 premises. Sixteen of these premises, six from South East and ten from North West England, were sampled as part of a public health outbreak investigation.

Results & Conclusions
Overall, 2038 swabs were submitted for norovirus testing, with an average of eight swabs per premises (range 4 to 23) and a median of seven. Of the premises sampled, 11.7% (30/256) yielded at least one norovirus-positive sample (environmental, and/or food handler hand swab), and 2.5% of the swabs were positive for norovirus. A peak in the positivity rate was seen in the South East in April 2016. No associations were found between norovirus positivity and bacteriology indicators, or between bacteriology indicators and hygiene ratings.

Significance and impact of study
This study demonstrates that food premises and food handlers remain a potential source of norovirus transmission and outbreaks.
Program evaluation of an adapted PEERS® social skills program in young adults with autism spectrum disorder and/or mild intellectual impairment and social skills difficulties
Authors: Honan Ingrid , Sharp Nicole , McIntyre Sarah , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Balde Isabelle , Quinn Kirsten , Morgan Marita , Rothery Sophie , Butchers Teigan , Laugeson Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesSocial challenges are common for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or mild intellectual impairment, yet few evidence‐based interventions exist to address these challenges. PEERS®, the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills, has been shown to be effective in improving the social skills of young adults with ASD; however, it requires a significant time commitment for parents of young adults. As such, this mixed‐methods study aimed to investigate the experiences of young adults, parents and PEERS® social coaches participating in an adapted PEERS® program, and to evaluate its acceptability and efficacy.MethodYoung adults with ASD and/or mild intellectual impairment participated in a 16‐week PEERS® program. Parents and PEERS® social coaches attended fewer, condensed sessions, where they learnt program content to support the young adults' social skill development at home and in the community. Focus groups were conducted post intervention. Quantitative pre−post assessment using the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, the Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge, and Quality of Socialization Questionnaire‐Young Adults was completed by young adults. The Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition was completed by young adults and their parents.ResultQualitative results revealed that, taken together, young adults, parents and PEERS® social coaches all felt that the adapted PEERS® program was ‘challenging, but worth it’. The program was acceptable with a 93% attendance rate across all sessions. Whilst young adults' perceptions of their own social functioning did not change post‐intervention, their knowledge of social skills content improved significantly (p < 0.05). Parent perceptions of young adults' social responsiveness also improved (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSocial skill knowledge, social responsiveness, and social engagement improved significantly following the completion of the adapted PEERS® program. It was deemed acceptable and worthwhile by young adults, their parents and PEERS® social coaches.
Vertical space use and thermal range of the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), (Rüppell, 1837) in the western North Atlantic
Authors: Guttridge Tristan L. , Müller Lukas , Keller Bryan A. , Bond Mark E. , Grubbs R Dean. , Winram William , Howey Lucy A. , Frazier Bryan S. , Gruber Samuel H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is a highly mobile, large‐bodied shark primarily found in coastal‐pelagic and semi‐oceanic waters across a circumtropical range. It is a target or by‐catch species in multiple fisheries, and as a result, rapid population declines have occurred in many regions. These declines have contributed to the species being assessed as globally critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Although conservation and management measures have yielded promising results in some regions, such as the United States, high levels of at‐vessel and post‐release mortality remain a major concern to the species population recovery. This examined the vertical space use and thermal range of pop‐off archival satellite–tagged S. mokarran in the western North Atlantic Ocean, expanding the understanding of the ecological niche of this species and providing insight into by‐catch mitigation strategies for fisheries managers. The results showed that S. mokarran predominantly used shallow depths (75% of records <30 m) and had a narrow temperature range (89% of records between 23 and 28°C). Individual differences in depth use were apparent, and a strong diel cycle was observed, with sharks occupying significantly deeper depths during the daytime. Furthermore, two individuals were confirmed pregnant with one migrating from the Bahamas to South Carolina, U.S.A., providing further evidence of regional connectivity and parturition off the U.S. East Coast. The findings suggest that S. mokarran may be vulnerable to incidental capture in the western North Atlantic commercial longline fisheries due to substantial vertical overlap between the species and the gear. The results can be incorporated into conservation and management efforts to develop and/or refine mitigation measures focused on reducing the by‐catch and associated mortality of this species, which can ultimately aide S. mokarran population recovery in areas with poor conservation status.
Analysis of lumbar spine stenosis specimens for identification of amyloid
Authors: Maurer Mathew S. , Smiley Dia , Simsolo Eli , Remotti Fabrizio , Bustamante Angela , Teruya Sergio , Helmke Stephen , Einstein Andrew J. , Lehman Ronald , Giles Jon T. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Tsai Felix , Blaner William S. , Brun Pierre‐Jacques , Riesenburger Ron I. , Kryzanski James , Varga Cindy , Patel Ayan R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common reason for spine surgery in which ligamentum flavum is resected. Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid is an often unrecognized and potentially modifiable mechanism for LSS that can also cause TTR cardiac amyloidosis. Accordingly, older adult patients undergoing lumbar spine (LS) surgery were evaluated for amyloid and if present, the precursor protein, as well as comprehensive characterization of the clinical phenotype.MethodsA prospective, cohort study in 2 academic medical centers enrolled 47 subjects (age 69 ± 7 years, 53% male) undergoing clinically indicated LS decompression. The presence of amyloid was evaluated by Congo Red staining and in those with amyloid, precursor protein was determined by laser capture microdissection coupled to mass spectrometry (LCM‐MS). The phenotype was assessed by disease‐specific questionnaires (Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) and the 36‐question short‐form health survey, as well as biochemical measures (TTR, retinol‐binding protein, and TTR stability). Cardiac testing included technetium‐99m‐pyrophosphate scintigraphy, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and cardiac biomarkers as well as measures of functional capacity.ResultsAmyloid was detected in 16 samples (34% of participants) and was more common in those aged ≥ 75 years of age (66.7%) compared with those <75 years (22.3%, p < 0.05). LCM‐MS demonstrated TTR as the precursor protein in 62.5% of participants with amyloid while 37.5% had an indeterminant type of amyloid. Demographic, clinical, quality‐of‐life measures, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical measures did not differ between those with and without amyloid. Among those with TTR amyloid (n = 10), one subject had cardiac involvement by scintigraphy.ConclusionsAmyloid is detected in more than a third of older adults undergoing LSS. Amyloid is more common with advancing age and is particularly common in those >75 years old. No demographic, clinical, biochemical, or cardiac parameter distinguished those with and without amyloid. In more than half of subjects with LS amyloid, the precursor protein was TTR indicating the importance of pathological assessment.
The lncRNA39896–miR166b–HDZs module affects tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Hong Yuhui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Cui Jun , Meng Jun , Chen Yinhua , Zhang Chengwei , Yang Jinxiao , Luan Yushi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe yield and quality of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) is seriously affected by Phytophthora infestans. The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) Sl‐lncRNA39896 is induced after P. infestans infection and was previously predicted to act as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) for the microRNA Sl‐miR166b, which function in stress responses. Here, we further examined the role of Sl‐lncRNA39896 and Sl‐miR166b in tomato resistance to P. infestans. Sl‐miR166b levels were higher in Sl‐lncRNA39896‐knockout mutants than in wild‐type plants, and the mutants displayed enhanced resistance to P. infestans. A six‐point mutation in the region of Sl‐lncRNA39896 that binds to Sl‐miR166b disabled the interaction, suggesting that Sl‐lncRNA39896 acts as an eTM for Sl‐miR166b. Overexpressing Sl‐miR166b yielded a similar phenotype to that produced by Sl‐lncRNA39896‐knockout, whereas silencing of Sl‐miR166b impaired resistance. We verified that Sl‐miR166b cleaved transcripts of its target class III homeodomain‐leucine zipper genes SlHDZ34 and SlHDZ45. Silencing of SlHDZ34/45 decreased pathogen accumulation in plants infected with P. infestans. Additionally, jasmonic acid and ethylene contents were elevated following infection in the plants with enhanced resistance. Sl‐lncRNA39896 is the first known lncRNA to negatively regulate resistance to P. infestans in tomato. We propose a novel mechanism in which the lncRNA39896–miR166b–HDZ module modulates resistance to P. infestans.
Comparative study of the usefulness of risk score assessment in the early stages of COVID‐19 affected pregnancies: Omicron variant versus previous variants
Authors: Magawa Shoichi , Nii Masafumi , Maki Shintaro , Enomoto Naosuke , Takakura Sho , Kusaka Naoko , Maegawa Yuka , Osato Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Kondo Eiji , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the utility of the risk score in assessing the current status and prognosis of COVID‐19 in pregnancy.MethodsSeventy‐seven cases affected before the Omicron variant epidemic and 50 pregnant cases affected by the Omicron variant were included. The risk score consists of maternal background, current condition, and examination findings. We determined the risk score in the early stages of disease onset.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the maternal or gestational ages between the groups. The risk score was significantly lower in the After‐Group patients (those affected during the Omicron epoch), while 14.3% of the Before‐Group patients (those affected during the pre‐Delta and Delta epochs), experienced a worsening of disease after the visit to the center, whereas none of the After‐Group patients did. The Before Group's frequency of risk score items was higher among the two groups for “fever for ≥48 h,” “mild pneumonia image,” and “blood tests,” whereas “disease onset 14 days after the second vaccination” was increased in After Group. The blood test parameters for platelet count, C‐reactive protein, and D‐dimer levels were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsThe risk score system appeared superior in detecting deteriorating cases. There were no cases of post‐illness deterioration in the After‐Group, suggesting that cases of the Omicron variant in pregnancy may have had a less severe course compared to that of previous variants. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of a specific blood test evaluation, suggesting the need for a combined evaluation of cases affected during pregnancy.
Clinical outcomes of implant‐supported monolithic zirconia crowns and fixed partial dentures: A systematic review
Authors: Kim Wanjin , Li Xiao Chun , Bidra Avinash S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the survival rates of implant‐supported monolithic zirconia crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPD).Material and methodsAn electronic search for articles in the English language literature published from January 1, 2001 to September 17, 2021 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL search engines. After applying predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the definitive list of selected articles was used for calculating the interval survival rate (ISR) and cumulative survival rate (CSR). Restoration failure in this study was defined as the fracture or compromise of any part of the ceramic restoration that required the removal or remake of the implant‐supported restoration.ResultsThe electronic search resulted in 457 titles. The systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 14 clinical studies that addressed the clinical outcomes of implant‐supported monolithic zirconia crowns and fixed partial dentures. Of these, 3 were randomized controlled trials, 5 were prospective studies, and 6 were retrospective studies. Follow‐up periods ranged from 1 to 5 years. Of the 644 implant‐supported monolithic zirconia restorations computed in this systematic review, there was only 1 reported failure of the monolithic zirconia restorative material over a follow‐up period of up to 5 years, for a cumulative survival rate of 99.84%. At the maximum follow‐up interval of 5 years, the cumulative survival rate for monolithic zirconia single crowns was 100% and the cumulative survival rate for monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures was 99.60%.ConclusionsImplant‐supported monolithic zirconia single crowns and fixed partial dentures have excellent short‐term (<5 years) survival rates but the evidence for medium‐term survival (>5 years) and beyond is lacking.
Boredom belief moderates the mental health impact of boredom among young people: Correlational and multi‐wave longitudinal evidence gathered during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tam Katy Y. Y. , Chan Christian S. , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Lavi Iris , Lau Jennifer Y. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesYoung people's experience of boredom and its psychological health sequelae have been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined the moderating role of boredom beliefs—the extent to which one affectively dislikes boredom (boredom dislike) and cognitively accepts it (boredom normalcy)—on the association between boredom experience and mental well‐being. We also validated a new measure of boredom beliefs in two different samples of young people.MethodWe report data from a correlational study with British young people aged 12–25 (Study 1; N = 2495) and a 16‐week eight‐wave within‐subject study with Israeli adolescents aged 12–18 (Study 2; N = 314).ResultsAcross both studies, disliking boredom was associated with higher frequency and intensity of boredom. Boredom dislike moderated the negative association between boredom and mental well‐being, such that the association was more salient among those who strongly disliked boredom. Normalizing boredom was positively associated with mental well‐being. The measure of boredom beliefs demonstrated fair validity and reliability.ConclusionResults provide novel insights into the potential buffering effect of boredom beliefs against the mental health impact of boredom, particularly at a time of reduced activity. These findings generalize across two different countries.
Evaluation of the blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology in dogs
Authors: Park Jooyoung , Lee Dohee , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a biomarker in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been found to be associated with changes in the NLR in humans.ObjectivesTo examine the diagnostic value of the NLR in meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) in dogs.AnimalsThirty‐eight MUE dogs, 20 hydrocephalic dogs, 10 brain tumor (BT) dogs, 32 idiopathic epilepsy (IE) dogs, and 41 healthy dogs.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of neurologic disease. The NLR was determined in all dogs.ResultsThe median NLR was significantly higher in MUE dogs (6.08) than in healthy (1.78, P < .001), IE (2.50, P < .05), and hydrocephalic dogs (1.79, P < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the NLR for differentiation between MUE and healthy dogs was 0.96, and between the MUE dogs and dogs with other forebrain diseases was 0.86. An optimal cutoff of 4.16 for the NLR had a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 83.9% to differentiate the MUE dogs from the dogs with other forebrain diseases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe NLR could be a biomarker for diagnosing MUE and distinguishing it from other intracranial diseases in dogs.
A Place for Neuroscience in Teacher Knowledge and Education
Authors: Dubinsky Janet M. , Roehrig Gillian , Varma Sashank 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe foundational contributions from neuroscience regarding how learning occurs in the brain reside within one of Shulman's seven components of teacher knowledge, Knowledge of Students. While Knowledge of Students combines inputs from multiple social science disciplines that traditionally inform teacher education, teachers must also (and increasingly) know what happens inside students' brains. Neuroscience professional development provides neuroscience principles that teachers can learn and apply to distinguish among pedagogical choices, plan lessons, guide in‐the‐moment classroom decisions, and inform the views of students. Neuroscience does not directly invent new pedagogies. Rather, knowledge of neuroscience guides teachers in choosing appropriate pedagogies, pragmatically informing teaching. By providing physiological explanations for psychological phenomena relevant to education, teachers benefit from neuroscience content in their training and professional development.
Adaptations in vascular access procedures as an initiative to protect healthcare workers throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hackett Anna , Wells Celia , Gupta Rohit , Kohli‐Seth Roopa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has led to procedural changes in vascular access services to protect healthcare workers and patients from further spread of the virus. Operational changes made by the vascular access service at a healthcare system in New York City during the first wave of the COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic included a team‐based approach as well as consideration for types of lines placed to address the increase in patient volume while providing safety to healthcare workers and conserving personal protective equipment. The study consists of two samples of adult inpatients admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City in need of vascular access. Chi‐square tests of independence were used to analyze trends in data. By the fourth wave, usage of shorter lifespan ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous lines increased significantly and the use of longer lasting intravenous catheters decreased significantly between the first and fourth waves of COVID‐19. This paper aims to show that with greater knowledge about proper personal protective equipment and mindful resource use, hospitals are able to become more comfortable and efficient while providing increasingly frequent vascular access services in the current and future pandemics.