bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization stress exacerbates arsenic-induced reprotoxic effects in adult rats
Authors: Venkaiah Kaduru , Daveedu Thathapudi , Prathima Papisetty , Pavani Ramanadhapuram , Sukeerthi Sadepalli , Reddy Malapati Hanuma , Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi , Sainath Sri Bhashyam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe central objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effects restraint stress and sodium arsenite on reproductive health in male rats.MethodsHealthy male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups (n = 8). Animals in group 1 served as controls and did not subjected to any stress. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to either restraint stress (5 h/day) or maintained on arsenic (25 ppm) via drinking water or both for 65 days. After completion of the experimental period, all the rats were analyzed for selected reproductive endpoints.ResultsRestraint stress or sodium arsenite treatment increased serum corticosterone levels, reduced testicular daily sperm count, epididymal sperm viability, motility, membrane integrity, and decreased testicular steroidogenic enzymes such as 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases associated with reduced serum testosterone levels, deteriorated testicular architecture, and reduced activity levels of testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase accompanied by elevated lipid peroxidation levels. In rats subjected to restraint stress and sodium arsenite, a significant decrease in selected sperm qualitative and quantitative parameters, serum testosterone levels were observed as compared with rats subjected to sodium arsenite alone. A significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed in the testis of rats subjected to both restraint stress and sodium arsenite treatment as compared with sodium arsenite alone intoxicated rats. Surprisingly, serum corticosterone levels were significantly elevated in rats following both stressors as compared with arsenic alone treated rats. Analysis of atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the accumulation of arsenic in the testis of arsenic-treated and arsenic plus immobilization stress groups was significant as compared with controls.ConclusionsBased on the findings, it can be concluded that deterioration of male reproductive health could be accelerated in arsenic intoxicated rats following restraint stress.
Defining virus-carrier networks that shape the composition of the mosquito core virome of a local ecosystem
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos , Dovrolis Nikolas , Kouvela Adamantia , Kassela Katerina , Rosa Freitas Maria Goreti , Nearchou Andreas , de Courcy Williams Michael , Veletza Stavroula , Karakasiliotis Ioannis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most important vectors of emerging infectious diseases. During the past decade, our understanding of the diversity of viruses they carry has greatly expanded. Most of these viruses are considered mosquito-specific, but there is increasing evidence that these viruses may affect the vector competence of mosquitoes. Metagenomics approaches have focused on specific mosquito species for the identification of what is called the core virome. Despite the fact that, in most ecosystems, multiple species may participate in virus emergence and circulation, there is a lack of understanding of the virus-carrier/host network for both vector-borne and mosquito-specific viruses. Here, we studied the core virome of mosquitoes in a diverse local ecosystem that had 24 different mosquito species. The analysis of the viromes of these 24 mosquito species resulted in the identification of 34 viruses, which included 15 novel viruses, as determined according to the species demarcation criteria of the respective virus families. Most of the mosquito species had never been analysed previously, and a comparison of the individual viromes of the 24 mosquito species revealed novel relationships among mosquito species and virus families. Groups of related viruses and mosquito species from multiple genera formed a complex web in the local ecosystem. Furthermore, analyses of the virome of mixed-species pools of mosquitoes from representative traps of the local ecosystem showed almost complete overlap with the individual-species viromes identified in the study. Quantitative analysis of viruses’ relative abundance revealed a linear relationship to the abundance of the respective carrier/host mosquito species, supporting the theory of a stable core virome in the most abundant species of the local ecosystem. Finally, our study highlights the importance of using a holistic approach to investigating mosquito viromes relationships in rich and diverse ecosystems.
Final 24-hour Drain Output and Postoperative Day Are Poor Indicators for Appropriate Drain Removal
Authors: Chua Charleston , Bascone Corey M. , Pereira Clifford , Hai Josephine , Park Jeannie , Hideshima Kelsey , Bhatti Satninderdeep , Nemanpour Shadi , Leon Bella , Han Gloria 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Drains are used in plastic surgery to remove excess fluid while ameliorating complications. However, there is a paucity of evidence supporting guiding parameters on when to discontinue a drain. The aim of our study was to determine whether two of the most common parameters, drain volume 24 hours before removal or postoperative day, are valid indicators for drain removal.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted for surgical operations performed by our division between July 2014 and May 2019. Of the 1308 patients, 616 had a drain and a complete record. Demographics, medical history, operative time, antibiotic use, anatomic site, donor/recipient, and complication type were recorded. Complications were defined as events that deviated from expected postoperative course or required pharmacological/procedural intervention. T-test and Chi square were used to analyze data.

Results:
In total, 544 patients were in the no complication group, and 72 were in the complication group. The complication group patients had drains removed later than patients in the no complication group (15.7 days versus 12.5 days, P = 0.0003) and had similar final 24-hour drain volumes versus patients in the no complication group (16.7 mL versus 18.8 mL, P = 0.2548). The complication group had more operations on the pelvis (11% versus 2.1%; P = 0.000017) or thigh (8.5% versus 3.4%; P = 0.029).

Conclusions:
Our data suggest neither postoperative day nor 24-hour volume before drain removal are valid indicators for removal. Late removal correlates with more complications; however, persisting output leading to later removal may be predictive of an impending complication rather than delays in drain removal causing the complication.
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction to Titanium-coated Polypropylene Mesh in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Jouve Eva , Giordano-Labadie Françoise , Selmes Gabrielle , Soule-Tholy Marc , Navarro Anne-Sophie , Gangloff Dimitri , Meresse Thomas , Duprez-Paumier Raphaelle , Tournier Emilie , Vaysse Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
Breast implant reconstructions increasingly incorporate meshes like the synthetic nonresorbable titanium-coated polypropylene mesh commercialized as Tiloop (Pfm medical). We report the case of a 48-year-old woman, with a medical history of nickel allergy, who presented with an extensive erythematous eruption, a periprosthetic reaction, and an axillary node reaction, 18 months after a unilateral prophylactic mastectomy. We excluded infectious, sarcoidosis and carcinomatosis. The patient’s medical history, the clinical evolution, and the particularly fast and complete healing after removal of the mesh were suggestive of an unusual allergic reaction to the titanium in the titanium-coated polypropylene mesh. Titanium allergies are very rare events, predominantly described in the dental and orthopedic fields. We also discussed the hypothesis of a tardive red breast syndrome related to a synthetic mesh, also mediated by immunological response as described recently in another case report.
Two Balance Measures as Poststroke Predictors of Ambulation Status at Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Berry Olivia , Voigtmann Christina , Curran Christopher , Dawson Nicole , Dominguez Jose , Beato Morris 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Early predictors of the degree of walking ability poststroke are vital considering the decreased length of stay in most inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs). Prediction of functional walking capability upon discharge from IRFs requires more investigation. This study aimed to (1) determine whether the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) can predict an individual's IRF discharge poststroke gait category and (2) establish cut-off scores for these assessments to better forecast gait category upon discharge.

Methods:
A total of 180 individuals with an admitting stroke diagnosis were assessed with both balance measures and the 10-m walking test at admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Participants were stratified by gait speed into 4 groups (nonambulators: 0 m/s; household ambulators: <0.4 m/s; limited community ambulators: 0.4-0.8 m/s; and community ambulators: >0.8 m/s).

Results:
Both the admission PASS and the BBS scores may predict patients who will be ambulatory and performed similarly in differentiating between gait classifications upon discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (P < .01). Cut-off scores of 6 or less on the BBS (sensitivity 96%; specificity 83%) and 17 on the PASS (sensitivity 92%; specificity 90%) were established to predict nonambulators, and cut-off scores of 29 or more on the BBS (sensitivity 92%; specificity 86%) and 30 on the PASS (sensitivity 80%; specificity 87%) were established to predict community ambulators.

Conclusions:
These results can inform clinicians of poststroke patients' walking prognosis and advise discharge needs early in a patient's IRF stay.
Kerion Celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum in a Chinese child, a case report
Authors: Wei Shuyue , Wang Haiying , Li Ailan , Yuan Chunying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Kerion Celsi, a severe form of tinea capitis, is generally caused by zoophilic and geophilic fungi. This is the first report of an unusual case of kerion Celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum in a 6-year-old boy.

Patient concerns:
A 6-year-old boy presented to the dermatology clinic with the complaint of multiple pustules, edematous plaques over the scalp with hair loss for 1 month.

Diagnosis:
Clinical and laboratory investigations, including reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, confirmed M gypseum causing kerion Celsi.

Interventions:
Upon combination therapy using oral itraconazole and oral prednisolone along with the topical terbinafine, kerion Celsi remitted in the patient.

Outcome:
New hair growth was noted during the 4-month follow-up.

Lesson:
We presented the first case of kerion Celsi infection secondary to M gypseum that was probably transmitted from a guinea pig.
Effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy combined with immunomodulatory therapies for multiple myeloma
Authors: Deng Jie , Liu Li , Sun Jianhai , Ma Yanlin , Li Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered one of the prevalent malignant plasma cell diseases affecting people. In essence, maintenance treatment is valuable for prolonging the survival time of patients experiencing MM. The majority of the currently used treatment protocols for MM are founded on a combination of chemotherapy and immunomodulatory drugs, of which immunomodulatory drugs seems to be one of the most active drugs. However, in the literature, chemotherapy combined with immunomodulatory therapies have not been unambiguously proven. To systematically appraise and synthesize these results, the present investigation will evaluate whether combining chemotherapy with immunomodulatory therapies an effective and safe approach to treating patients with MM.

Methods:
Two authors relied in 7 different databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and for studies on chemotherapy's effectiveness when combined with immunomodulatory therapies. The authors only considered studies published up to December 16, 2021 and only those written in English or Chinese. They will also carry out selection of studies, extraction of data, along with assessing risk of bias. Besides, they will also use RevMan V.5.3 to conduct data synthesis. They will establish heterogeneity using the I
2 test. At the same time, the authors will evaluate publication bias by making a funnel plot and conducting the Begg as well as Egger tests.

Ethics and dissemination:
The present study will not necessitate ethics approval since it will be funded on already published works.

OSF registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/X7DE4.
Traction method versus conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Kinoshita Jun , Iguchi Mikitaka , Maekita Takao , Wan Ke , Shimokawa Toshio , Fukatsu Kazuhiro , Ito Daisaku , Taki Shinya , Nishimoto Masayuki , Takao Masaki , Tabata Yasuto , Mukai Yousuke , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced therapeutic technique for en bloc resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. Although gastric ESD is minimally invasive and provides favorable outcomes, it is technically difficult and requires a long procedure time for dissection. The traction-assisted approach overcomes some of the difficulties of gastric ESD, but its ability to reduce the procedure time remains unclear. The traction-assisted approach using dental floss and a clip did not reduce procedure time in the total population, but it reduced procedure time for lesions limited to the greater curvature of the upper or middle of the stomach. Although the traction direction of the clip-with-line method may be limited to the oral side via the cardia, EndoTrac ESD may provide flexible traction at any time during the procedure. This prospective randomized control study has been designed to compare the efficacy and safety of EndoTrac and conventional gastric ESD.

Methods/design:
This multicenter, randomized control trial will enroll 150 patients at 2 hospitals in Japan undergoing EndoTrac or conventional ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasia. Patients with a single gastric epithelial neoplasm who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized to EndoTrac or conventional ESD. Patients will be randomized by a computer-generated random sequence with stratification by operator experience, tumor size, tumor location, and institution. The primary endpoint will be ESD procedure time, defined as the time from the start of the submucosal injection to the completion of resection. Other outcomes will include the rates of adverse events and pathological curability

Discussion:
The ability of EndoTrac ESD to reduce the long procedure time and/or adverse events observed with conventional ESD can not only reduce physical stress on the patient, but can also reduce length of hospital stay and medical costs. Reduced technical difficulty will contribute to the widespread adoption of this ESD technique worldwide.

Trial registration:
University Hospital Medial Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), ID: 000044450; Registered on June 6, 2021.

https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050485.

Protocol version number:
1.1, March 1, 2022. Patient enrolment began on June 6, 2021 and is expected to be completed by July 19, 2025.
Nonimprovement in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relation to Activity Patterns, Uplifts and Hassles, and Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: Friedberg Fred , Adamowicz Jenna L. , Bruckenthal Patricia , Milazzo Maria , Ramjan Sameera , Quintana Daniel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To test a model of nonimprovement in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) using self-report activity patterns (e.g., “push-crash”), uplifts and hassles, and a biological measure of cardiac autonomic function. Activity pattern impacts on symptoms and objective measures of autonomic and physical activity were also examined.

Methods
This prospective study in CFS collected all data remotely, including 6 months of weekly web diaries that recorded symptom ratings, activity patterns, and hassles and uplifts. In addition, 6 months of weekly heart monitoring and 3 months of daily waking actigraphy data were collected. Improvement or nonimprovement status was assessed using semistructured interviews at the 6-month follow-up.

Results
A total of 148 individuals (87.2% female) were enrolled, and 12.2% were lost to follow-up. Participants reporting nonimprovement (n = 92), as compared with improvement (n = 38), showed greater autonomic dysfunction (lower heart rate variability, group difference = 5.93 [SE = 2.73] milliseconds; p = .032) and lower mean intensity of behavioral uplifts (group difference = 0.14 [SE = 0.16]; p = .043), but no significant differences in any activity pattern, including push-crash, limiting activity, and healthy pacing.

Conclusions
This study provided evidence for linking patient-reported nonimprovement to a biological variable indexing autonomic dysfunction and a behavioral measure indicating a deficit in psychological uplifts. These findings suggest a possible marker of illness trajectory that could potentially advance the biomedical underpinnings of CFS.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02948556.
Facial Emotion Expression and the Inducibility of Myocardial Ischemia During Cardiac Stress Testing: The Role of Psychological Background Factors
Authors: Bekendam Maria T. , Mommersteeg Paula M.C. , Vermeltfoort Ilse A.C. , Widdershoven Jos W. , Kop Willem J. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Negative emotional states, such as anger and anxiety, are associated with the onset of myocardial infarction and other acute clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease. The likelihood of experiencing these short-term negative emotions has been associated with long-term psychological background factors such as depression, generalized anxiety, and personality factors. We examined the association of acute emotional states preceding cardiac stress testing (CST) with inducibility of myocardial ischemia and to what extent psychological background factors account for this association.

Methods
Emotional states were assessed in patients undergoing CST (n = 210; mean [standard deviation] age = 66.9 [8.2] years); 91 (43%) women) using self-report measures and video recordings of facial emotion expression. Video recordings were analyzed for expressed anxiety, anger, sadness, and happiness before CST. Psychological background factors were assessed with validated questionnaires. Single-photon emission computed tomography was used to evaluate inducibility of ischemia.

Results
Ischemia occurred in 72 patients (34%). Emotional states were not associated with subsequent inducibility of ischemia during CST (odds ratio between 0.93 and 1.04; p values > .50). Psychological background factors were also not associated with ischemia (odds ratio between 0.96 and 1.06 per scale unit; p values > .20) and did not account for the associations of emotional states with ischemia.

Conclusions
Emotional states immediately before CST and psychological background factors were not associated with the inducibility of ischemia. These findings indicate that the well-documented association between negative emotions with acute clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease requires a different explanation than a reduced threshold for inducible ischemia.
Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Testing, Linkage, and Early Antiretroviral Treatment in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project
Authors: Resch Stephen C. , Foote Julia H. A. , Wirth Kathleen E. , Lasry Arielle , Scott Justine A. , Moore Janet , Shebl Fatma M. , Gaolathe Tendani , Feser Mary K. , Lebelonyane Refeletswe , Hyle Emily P. , Mmalane Mompati O. , Bachanas Pamela , Yu Liyang , Makhema Joseph M. , Holme Molly Pretorius , Essex Max , Alwano Mary Grace , Lockman Shahin , Freedberg Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The Botswana Combination Prevention Project tested the impact of combination prevention (CP) on HIV incidence in a community-randomized trial. Each trial arm had ∼55,000 people, 26% HIV prevalence, and 72% baseline ART coverage. Results showed intensive testing and linkage campaigns, expanded antiretroviral treatment (ART), and voluntary male medical circumcision referrals increased coverage and decreased incidence over ∼29 months of follow-up. We projected lifetime clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of CP in this population.

Setting:
Rural and periurban communities in Botswana.

Methods:
We used the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications model to estimate lifetime health impact and cost of (1) earlier ART initiation and (2) averting an HIV infection, which we applied to incremental ART initiations and averted infections calculated from trial data. We determined the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [US$/quality-adjusted life-years (QALY)] for CP vs. standard of care.

Results:
In CP, 1418 additional people with HIV initiated ART and an additional 304 infections were averted. For each additional person started on ART, life expectancy increased 0.90 QALYs and care costs increased by $869. For each infection averted, life expectancy increased 2.43 QALYs with $9200 in care costs saved. With CP, an additional $1.7 million were spent on prevention and $1.2 million on earlier treatment. These costs were mostly offset by decreased care costs from averted infections, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $79 per QALY.

Conclusions:
Enhanced HIV testing, linkage, and early ART initiation improve life expectancy, reduce transmission, and can be cost-effective or cost-saving in settings like Botswana.
The Siege of Ayder Hospital: A Cri de Coeur From Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Wall L. Lewis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In November 2020, the federal government of Ethiopia invaded its northern region of Tigray, in collusion with the Government of Eritrea and ethnic Amhara militias. The invading forces pillaged the schools, destroyed the transportation infrastructure, burned crops and killed livestock, and looted the health care system. Thousands of civilians were killed, often in extrajudicial executions. Thousands of Tigrayan women were raped. Tens of thousands of Tigrayans fled to Sudan as refugees. Hundreds of thousands face famine and millions more have been internally displaced. The region is under a total communications blackout. The banking system has collapsed. The federal government has harassed external aid workers and imposed a de facto blockade on all medicines and famine relief. A man-made humanitarian catastrophe unlike any in recent memory is unfolding. The world medical community must speak up. The madness must stop.