bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To what extent is end-tidal carbon dioxide a predictor of sepsis?
Authors: Long Joseph , Dippenaar Enrico 
Published: October 2022

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a major cause of death worldwide; 245 000 cases are reported in the UK annually with a mortality rate of 20.3%. Rapid diagnosis and rapid treatment of sepsis can significantly reduce mortality but sepsis can be difficult to diagnose. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is the measurement of expired CO2 using capnometry and waveform capnography. For CO2 to be exhaled, it must be metabolised and transported before being exhaled by effective ventilation; EtCO2 can therefore provide an indication of metabolism, circulation and ventilation. EtCO2 has already been shown to be an indicator of other metabolic acidosis conditions so this review aims to identify the usefulness of EtCO2 in identifying sepsis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between March and April 2021 using the CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE databases. The results were screened and evaluated. Results: Of the 44 papers identified in the original search, seven were included in this review. Conclusion: This review suggests an EtCO2 of ≤25 mmHg (3.3 kPa) in patients with a suspected infection is diagnostic of sepsis and therefore could be used to increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and potentially reduce sepsis mortality. It also identifies gaps in research around UK practice and in comparing EtCO2 against UK sepsis guidelines and diagnostic tools such as the UK Sepsis Trust guidelines.
Antibiofilm agents with therapeutic potential against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Kwasi David A. , Babalola Chinedum P. , Olubiyi Olujide O. , Hoffmann Jennifer , Uzochukwu Ikemefuna C. , Okeke Iruka N. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) is a predominant but neglected enteric pathogen implicated in infantile diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption. There are no non-antibiotic approaches to dealing with persistent infection by these exceptional colonizers, which form copious biofilms. We screened the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box for chemical entities that inhibit EAEC biofilm formation.MethodologyWe used EAEC strains, 042 and MND005E in a medium-throughput crystal violet-based antibiofilm screen. Hits were confirmed in concentration-dependence, growth kinetic and time course assays and activity spectra were determined against a panel of 25 other EAEC strains. Antibiofilm activity against isogenic EAEC mutants, molecular docking simulations and comparative genomic analysis were used to identify the mechanism of action of one hit.Principal findingsIn all, five compounds (1.25%) reproducibly inhibited biofilm accumulation by at least one strain by 30–85% while inhibiting growth by under 10%. Hits exhibited potent antibiofilm activity at concentrations at least 10-fold lower than those reported for nitazoxanide, the only known EAEC biofilm inhibitor. Reflective of known EAEC heterogeneity, only one hit was active against both screen isolates, but three hits showed broad antibiofilm activity against a larger panel of strains. Mechanism of action studies point to the EAEC anti-aggregation protein (Aap), dispersin, as the target of compound MMV687800.ConclusionsThis study identified five compounds, not previously described as anti-adhesins or Gram-negative antibacterials, with significant EAEC antibiofilm activity. Molecule, MMV687800 targets the EAEC Aap.In vitrosmall-molecule inhibition of EAEC colonization opens a way to new therapeutic approaches against EAEC infection.
Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses: Update and systematic review
Authors: Giménez-Richarte Ángel , Ortiz de Salazar María Isabel , Giménez-Richarte María-Paz , Collado Miriam , Fernández Pedro Luís , Clavijo Carlos , Navarro Laura , Arbona Cristina , Marco Pascual , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics.Material and methodsSystematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355.ResultsA total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety.DiscussionIn the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety.
The magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults attending University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia 2021 GC, cross sectional study design
Authors: Kebede Samuel Sahile , Yalew Aregaw , Yesuf Tesfaye , Melku Mullugeta , Bambo Getachew Mesfin , Woldu Berhanu 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundImmune hemolytic anemia commonly affects human immune deficiency infected individuals. Among anemic HIV patients in Africa, the burden of IHA due to autoantibody was ranged from 2.34 to 3.06 due to drug was 43.4%. IHA due to autoimmune is potentially a fatal complication of HIV which accompanies the greatest percent from acquired hemolytic anemia.ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia from March to April 2021.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults selected by systematic random sampling at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from March to April 2021. Data for socio-demography, dietary and clinical data were collected by structured pretested questionnaire. Five ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant and analyzed by Unicel DHX 800 hematology analyzer, blood film examination and antihuman globulin test were performed to diagnosis of immune hemolytic anemia. Data was entered into Epidata version 4.6 and analyzed by STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were computed and firth penalized logistic regression was used to identify predictors. P value less than 0.005 interpreted as significant.ResultThe overall prevalence of immune hemolytic anemia was 2.8% (10 of 358 participants). Of these 5 were males and 7 were in the 31 to 50 year age group. Among individuals with immune hemolytic anemia, 40% mild and 60% moderate anemia. The factors that showed association were family history of anemia (AOR 8.30 at 95% CI 1.56, 44.12), not eating meat (AOR 7.39 at 95% CI 1.25, 45.0), and high viral load 6.94 at 95% CI (1.13, 42.6).Conclusion and recommendationImmune hemolytic anemia is less frequent condition in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults, and moderate anemia was common in this population. The prevalence was increased with a high viral load, a family history of anemia, and not eating meat. In these patients, early detection and treatment of immune hemolytic anemia is necessary.
Preceptors training need assessment for medical laboratory professional clinical education programs in Ethiopia
Authors: Negesso Abebe Edao , Rikitu Gizachew Kedida , Sime Gelila Biresaw , Gebregzabher Endale H. , Tekele Saba Gebremichael , Misganaw Abay Sisay 
Published: October 2022

Background
Health Workforce Improvement Program and professional associations recognized the need for a formalized method of providing academic education that would improve how preceptors teach and assess student. Thus, this study aimed to assess training needs of preceptors for Medical Laboratory Science clinical practicum education programs in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was implemented in targeted health facility throughout the country to assess academic educational needs of preceptors for Medical Laboratory clinical practicum education programs. The study participants were conveniently selected practicing health professionals who formally or informally nominated as a clinical trainer or acts as clinical trainer giving practical training to the student in the targeted practice setting. An adapted structured questionnaire modified to local context was used to conduct the survey and the perceived competency assessment used five scale of measurement (Not capable, Beginner, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient). The frequency was presented using tables and figures.

Results
A total of 304 laboratory professionals participated in this study. More than half (52.6%) of the study participants were in the age group of 21 to 30 years and 264/304 (86.8%) were male. The majority (43.0%) of study participants had 6 to 10 years of experience and 212 (68.8%) did not receive clinical teaching skills training in the past two years. Regarding applying different hands-on teaching methods, the majority 38/304(12.5%) were not capable for role play and community based training, 49/304(16.1%) reported being Beginners, 85/304 (28%) said that they are advanced beginners in the competency. In this study, most study participants 98/304(32.2%) and 130/304(42.8%) perceived that they are competent and proficient in applying laboratory practice teaching methods respectively.

Conclusion
The average cumulative level of competency from level 1 (not capable) to level 3 (advanced beginner), we found: learning in the practical teaching area 45.4%, clinical practicum teaching quality improvement and advocacy 42.9%, student assessment methods 42.7%, communication, collaboration and partnership 40.9%. Overall competence of preceptors (proportion of preceptors reported competent) was 57%. We recommend designing the performance interventions in the form of training by including communication skills for effective preceptor ship, students assessment and feedback, teaching and instruction strategies, planning for clinical practicum learning and principles of learning and teaching in practical areas.
Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population
Authors: Lee Min Jin , Khang Ah Reum , Yi Dongwon , Kang Yang Ho 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study investigated the association between relative hand grip strength (HGS) and glycemic status, such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study using the data from the KNHANES of 27,894 individuals from 2014 to 2019. Relative HGS was defined as the absolute HGS divided by body mass index and divided into quartiles in men and women. Odds ratios (OR) for diabetes and IFG were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by sex, and subgroup analysis was age-stratified.

Results
The lowest relative HGS quartile had a significant increase in the risk for diabetes (men: OR 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12–3.50; women: OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.70–4.24) and IFG (men: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.59; women: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.40–1.84). The ORs for diabetes and IFG according to the decreasing quartiles of relative HGS gradually increased in both sexes (P for trend <0.001). ORs and 95% CI of the lowest relative HGS quartile for diabetes were higher in the younger age group than that of the older age group (men: 4.47 and 2.80–7.14 for young adults; 2.41 and 1.37–4.25 for older adults; women: 5.91 and 3.06–9.38 for young adults; 1.47 and 0.92–2.33 for older adults). ORs and 95% CI for IFG was similar with the trend of ORs for diabetes (men: 1.80 and 1.43–2.26 for young adults; 1.17 and 0.75–1.84 for older adults; women: 2.20 and 1.77–2.72 for young adults; 1.33 and 0.86–2.07 for older adults).

Conclusion
Lower relative HGS was associated with a higher risk of not only diabetes but also IFG in both sexes. These trends were stronger in younger adults than in older adults.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastrojejunostomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Secondary to Rapid Weight Loss
Authors: Storm Andrew C. , Mahmoud Tala , Akiki Karl , Law Ryan J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
A 19-year-old man diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy presented for recurrent emesis and weight loss. Imaging studies of the abdomen demonstrated features of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The patient deferred conservative treatment options and was deemed not to be a surgical candidate. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent was performed to bypass the obstruction. Subsequently, the patient's oral intake and weight significantly improved. The stent was removed 6 months after placement with resolution of superior mesenteric artery syndrome symptoms.
European Union Litigation
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , de Almeida Lucila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2022 and the end of June 2022. Out of a total of 270 judgments decided in this period, 52 had a contract law dimension.
Reptile search algorithm and kriging surrogate model for structural design optimization with natural frequency constraints
Authors: Yildiz Betül Sultan , Bureerat Sujin , Panagant Natee , Mehta Pranav , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study explores the use of a recent metaheuristic algorithm called a reptile search algorithm (RSA) to handle engineering design optimization problems. It is the first application of the RSA to engineering design problems in literature. The RSA optimizer is first applied to the design of a bolted rim, which is constrained optimization. The developed algorithm is then used to solve the optimization problem of a vehicle suspension arm, which aims to solve the weight reduction under natural frequency constraints. As function evaluations are achieved by finite element analysis, the Kriging surrogate model is integrated into the RSA algorithm. It is revealed that the optimum result gives a 13% weight reduction compared to the original structure. This study shows that RSA is an efficient metaheuristic as other metaheuristics such as the mayfly optimization algorithm, battle royale optimization algorithm, multi-level cross-entropy optimizer, and red fox optimization algorithm.
Mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ekşi Seçil , Pehlivan Hüseyin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated experimentally and numerically. Tensile tests were carried out at various temperatures (25–400 °C) and cross-head speeds (1–200 mm min−1). The results showed that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy decreased with increasing deformation temperature. Also, the temperature had more effect on the mechanical properties than on the strain rate. The fracture morphology of test specimens was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The bending behavior of aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures was investigated with finite element simulations. It obtained a good correlation with the validation study, and it can be predicted as the high-temperature behavior of aluminum alloy with finite element simulations. The analysis results show that the temperature dramatically affects the load-carrying capacity of aluminum. The load-carrying capacity and the absorbed energy values of aluminum alloy decreased with the increasing temperature on bending behavior.
Mapeo del movimiento social “Ni una Menos” en Latinoamérica: ciberactivismo político e incidencia en el abordaje de los feminicidios.
Authors: Mendiola-Vásquez Melissa 
Published: October 2022

Entendemos el feminicidio desde la perspectiva de Marcela Lagarde, partiendo de elementos conceptuales de misoginia -odio hacia las mujeres- e impunidad estatal -necropolítica de género-, que responde a la realidad latinoamericana. Por otro lado, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación han servido como herramientas de visibilización de feminicidios, lo cual ha generado toda una forma de ciberactivismo político, el cual lo entenderemos como el uso de las TIC’s como estrategia para la organización política de la acción colectiva. El ensayo analiza el movimiento social “Ni una menos” en Argentina, Bolivia, Perú, El Salvador y México. Dicha selección de países se realizó, en primer lugar, con base en los altos índices de feminicidios según el Observatorio de Igualdad de Género de la CEPAL; en segundo lugar, por la información bibliográfica de fuentes primarias y secundarias de la labor realizada desde el movimiento en cada uno de los países y, en tercer lugar, por la incidencia de la conformación del colectivo en redes sociales como un medio táctico para la convocatoria a la movilización.
¿Cómo fortalecer la comunidad en la vialidad rural? Necesidades de formación y capacitación a partir de las voces comunitarias. Experiencias con comunidades del cantón de Naranjo, Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Carrillo Yolanda 
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene como eje central establecer la relación entre la educación permanente y los procesos de formación y capacitación recibidos por las comunidades del cantón de Naranjo, desde una mirada de líderes comunitarios que forman parte de las Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral y de los Comité de caminos. Dichas comunidades forman parte de un proyecto de investigación –extensión de la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional. La metodología fue de tipo cualitativo, mediante técnicas participativas como talleres comunales, además del uso de fuentes orales. Es a partir de sus experiencias y vivencias que dan significados a las necesidades de formación requeridas por las comunidades. Con estos procesos de formación mediante la educación permanente se logra potenciar las capacidades de conocimiento de los integrantes de las organizaciones locales, permitiendo con ello la apertura y fortalecimiento de los espacios de participación comunitaria, no solo en su accionar, sino en la toma de decisiones.
Mario Oliva, navegante americano
Authors: Mellado-Gómez Diego 
Published: October 2022

5.800 kilómetros separan Puerto Montt de San José. Pasando por las ciudades de Temuco y Santiago, cruzando el ecuador, desde las gélidas aguas puertomontinas hasta el tibio Mar Caribe, el viaje de Mario Oliva fue sin duda una odisea climática. Su arribo fue parte de un oleaje migratorio que, como nos enseña en Exiliados, expatriados e integrados: chilenos en Costa Rica 1973-2018 (2021), habría considerado alrededor de 3.000 chilenos entre 1973 y parte de la década de 1980, de los cuales algunos siguieron su ruta hacia otras latitudes, otros instalaron, pero luego retornaron y otros se integraron a la sociedad costarricense, aportando y colaborando en el desarrollo social, cultural y científico del país.

Presentado en el encuentro “In memoriam. Mario Oliva Medina: claves de su pensamiento”, organizado por laVicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, lunes 31 de mayo de 2021.
Réquiem por Mario Oliva
Authors: Núñez-Rodriguez Mauricio 
Published: October 2022

Mario Oliva se despide con una amplia bibliografía sobre diversos asuntos relacionados con la historia y la literatura centroamericana y latinoamericana. Chileno de nacimiento; vocación deja un ejemplo impecable como profesor e investigador para sus colegas del Instituto de Investigaciones Latinoamericanas (IDELA) de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y para los colegas de muchas regiones que tuvimos el privilegio de conocerlo y compartir quimeras académicas.

Publicado originalmente en: http://www.josemarti.cu/requiem-por-mario-oliva/
Un encuentro con José Martí en las letras de Mario Oliva Medina
Authors: Vargas-Ramos Daliana 
Published: October 2022

Mario Oliva Medina es profesor universitario, y prolífico escritor chileno que reside en Costa Rica desde 1976 cuya pasión ha sido los estudios sobre AméricaLatina. De espíritu martiano, se destaca dentro de su producción gran cantidad de artículos tales como La Musa Proletaria en Costa Rica 1900-1948, Revista Repertorio Americano: algunos alcances sobre su trayectoria 1919-1958, Las ideas socialistas 1880-1930, La Revista Renovación 1911-1914: de la política a la literatura y Gabriela Mistral en Costa Rica, publicados en diversas revistas especializadas nacionales e internacionales. También ha dedicado tiempo importante a la escritura de libros sobre nuestras realidades entre ellos: Artesanos y obreros costarricenses 1880-1914, Como alas de mariposa, Cien años de poesía popular en Costa Rica 1850-1950, Los intelectuales y las letras centroamericanas sobre la Guerra Civil Española, (editado también como España desde lejos) y José Martí en la historia y la cultura costarricenses.

Publicado originalmente en: Vargas, D. (2012). Un encuentrocon José Martí en las letras de Mario Oliva Medina. Temas De Nuestra América Revista De Estudios Latinoaméricanos, 28 (51-52), 27-35