bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing of polyetheretherketone and its composites: A review
Authors: Francis Justy N. , Banerjee Indranil , Chugh Ankita , Singh Jaiveer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high‐performance plastic with favorable physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties for various industrial applications. Most PEEK substrates/components are manufactured using traditional methods like milling, compression molding, injection molding, pressure sintering, and so forth. With the advent of various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, researchers have been working on optimizing the processing parameters for AM of PEEK. Furthermore, several PEEK composites with improved properties have also been developed, and efforts have also been made to use these PEEK composites in AM. Since AM of PEEK and its composites is a relatively new area of the advanced manufacturing process, the field faces many challenges. There is a dearth of comprehensive reports on this topic. Keeping this perspective in mind, we have tried to collate the relevant information on the composites and AM of PEEK in this review. The review highlighted the influence of variation in composition on material properties and performance of PEEK and showed the correlation with AM processability of such composites. A detailed analysis of the various reports on fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering based processing of PEEK composites is included in the review. Critical barriers to the AM of these high‐performance polymer composites are pointed out. We have also included the outcome of some interesting studies about the coating of PEEK with various materials/compounds to provide a broader perspective. This review will help the researcher to design and develop additively manufactured PEEK‐based structures with improved and customized properties.
Preparationof self‐emulsifying waterborne polyamide‐imide sizing for carbon fiber and improvement on mechanical performances of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer
Authors: Ma Zhenyu , Pu Yinchuan , Huang Yudong , Liu Li , Yuan Chengce 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) has been widely used in automotive, aviation, and aerospace. However, the traditional epoxy Carbon fiber (CF) sizing for thermosetting composites was unsuitable for high‐performance CFRTP due to the high‐molding temperatures and incompatibility between them. Herein, a novel semi‐aromatic polyamide‐imide (PAI) backbone structure with multi‐ethoxy pendant groups was designed and synthesized via click‐reaction and solvent‐free polymerization. Waterborne PAI sizing was prepared via self‐emulsifying without surfactants. CF/PEEK (polyether‐ether‐ketone) and CF/PEI (polyether‐imide) composites were manufactured. Results showed that novel PAI had excellent thermal stability and solubility, PAI sizing was stable after 6‐month‐storage. Mechanical performances and hydrothermal aging resistance of composites were improved. Compared with commercial‐sized CF (eCF)/PEI, the flexural strength of sCF/PEI increased by 35.2% to 753.47 MPa, and retention rates of them with aging also increased. Noted, mechanisms of interface enhancement were revealed by quantum chemical calculations, ππ stacking and hydrogen bonding between PAI and PEI, PEEK was found.
Facile preparation and characterization of low‐gloss waterborne polyurethane coatings using amine‐based chain extenders
Authors: Kwon Yong Rok , Kim Hae Chan , Moon Seok Kyu , Kim Jung Soo , Chang Young‐Wook , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coating with a self‐roughed surface is prepared using a general prepolymer emulsion polymerization method. A rough surface is formed by crosslinking the WPU particles through the introduction of a polyfunctional amine‐based chain extender. Ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) with different functional groups are used as chain extenders, and their effect on the surface morphology and gloss of WPU films is investigated. DETA and TETA form a rough surface on the WPU film by crosslinking the polymer chains and promoting phase separation between soft and hard segments. A rough surface reflects light diffusely, resulting in a decrease in the gloss of the film. Overall, the chain extension improves the thermal stability and tensile strength of the WPU film. In particular, the WPU film with DETA, exhibiting the highest chain extension effect, shows the lowest gloss value, the highest tensile strength and thermal stability. The present series of WPU materials, prepared without matting agents and special treatment processes, can be an effective alternative for producing low‐gloss coatings. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Onymous early‐life performance degradation analysis of recent photovoltaic module technologies
Authors: Theristis Marios , Stein Joshua S. , Deline Chris , Jordan Dirk , Robinson Charles , Sekulic William , Anderberg Allan , Colvin Dylan J. , Walters Joseph , Seigneur Hubert , King Bruce H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cost of photovoltaic (PV) modules has declined by 85% since 2010. To achieve this reduction, manufacturers altered module designs and bill of materials; changes that could affect module durability and reliability. To determine if these changes have affected module durability, we measured the performance degradation of 834 fielded PV modules representing 13 module types from 7 manufacturers in 3 climates over 5 years. Degradation rates (Rd) are highly nonlinear over time, and seasonal variations are present in some module types. Mean and median degradation rate values of −0.62%/year and −0.58%/year, respectively, are consistent with rates measured for older modules. Of the 23 systems studied, 6 have degradation rates that will exceed the warranty limits in the future, whereas 13 systems demonstrate the potential of achieving lifetimes beyond 30 years, assuming Rd trends have stabilized.
Drought specifically downregulates mineral nutrition: Plant ionomic content and associated gene expression
Authors: D'Oria Aurélien , Courbet Galatéa , Billiot Bastien , Jing Lun , Pluchon Sylvain , Arkoun Mustapha , Maillard Anne , Roux Christine Paysant‐Le , Trouverie Jacques , Etienne Philippe , Diquélou Sylvain , Ourry Alain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the main limiting factors of plant yield is drought, and while the physiological responses to this environmental stress have been broadly described, research addressing its impact on mineral nutrition is scarce. Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum were subjected to moderate or severe water deficit, and their responses to drought were assessed by functional ionomic analysis, and derived calculation of the net uptake of 20 nutrients. While the uptake of most mineral nutrients decreased, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Mo uptake were impacted earlier and at a larger scale than most physiological parameters assessed (growth, ABA concentration, gas exchanges and photosynthetic activity). Additionally, in B. napus, the patterns of 183 differentially expressed genes in leaves related to the ionome (known ionomic genes, KIGs) or assumed to be involved in transport of a given nutrient were analyzed. This revealed three patterns of gene expression under drought consisting of up (transport of Cl and Co), down (transport of N, P, B, Mo, and Ni), or mixed levels (transport of S, Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, or Mn) of regulation. The three patterns of gene regulations are discussed in relation to specific gene functions, changes of leaf ionomic composition and with consideration of the crosstalks that have been established between elements. It is suggested that the observed reduction in Fe uptake occurred via a specific response to drought, leading indirectly to reduced uptake of Zn and Mn, and these may be taken up by common transporters encoded by genes that were downregulated.
Planning a digital intervention for adolescents with asthma (BREATHE4T): A theory‐, evidence‐ and Person‐Based Approach to identify key behavioural issues
Authors: Easton Stephanie , Ainsworth Ben , Thomas Mike , Latter Sue , Knibb Rebecca , Cook Amber , Wilding Sam , Bahrami‐Hessari Michael , Kennington Erika , Gibson Denise , Wilkins Hannah , Yardley Lucy , Roberts Graham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a transparent approach to planning a digital intervention for adolescents to self‐manage their asthma using breathing retraining (BRT), based on an existing, effective adult intervention (BREATHE).MethodsA theory‐, evidence‐, and Person‐Based Approach was used to maximise the effectiveness and persuasiveness of the intervention. A scoping review and semistructured interviews with target intervention users (N = 18, adolescents aged 12−17 years with asthma and parents) were carried out to explore user perspectives, barriers, and facilitators towards the intended behaviours and potential intervention features. The combined evidence was used alongside and to inform theory‐based activities and enabled iterative planning of the intervention.ResultsThe scoping review identified themes relating to user‐specific self‐management issues, content, education, training needs, and features for a digital intervention. Interviews elicited potential barriers to intended behaviours such as the anticipated embarrassment of using BRT and concerns around remaining calm. Facilitators included BRT delivered by adolescents who share experiences of asthma and information for performing exercises discreetly. Relevant theoretical frameworks ensured that appropriate psychological constructs were targeted. A behavioural analysis identified six intervention functions and thirty behaviour change techniques. Logic modelling mapped the programme theory and mechanisms, which aims to improve adolescent asthma‐related quality of life.ConclusionsThis study gives a transparent insight into the approach followed to plan a self‐guided BRT intervention for adolescents and has led to identification of key behavioural issues, enabling relevant intervention content to be chosen. Insight has been given into adolescent perceptions of BRT, which facilitated development of the prototype intervention.
CFTR gene variants, air pollution, and childhood asthma in a California Medicaid population
Authors: Thilakaratne Ruwan , Graham Steve , Moua John , Jones Caitlin G. , Collins Caroline , Mann Jennifer , Sciortino Stanley , Wong Jacklyn , Kharrazi Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarriers of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (“carriers”) have been found to have an increased risk of persistent asthma. However, it is unclear at what level of CFTR function this risk exists and whether it is modified by asthmogens, such as air pollution. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children born in California between July 2007 and December 2013, linking CFTR genotype data from the California newborn screening program to Medicaid claims records through March 17, 2020 to identify asthma cases, and to air pollution data from CalEnviroScreen 3.0 to identify levels of particulate matter with diameter 2.5 microns or smaller (PM2.5). Log‐binomial regression models for asthma risk were fitted, adjusting for race/ethnicity and sex. Compared to population controls, carriers had higher risk of asthma (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.69; p < 0.1). Other non‐CF‐causing variants on the second allele did not appear to further increase risk. Genotypes with the greatest asthma risk were F508del with an intron 10 T7 or (TG)11T5 in trans (aRR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.12). This association was higher among children living in areas at or above (aRR = 1.80) versus below (aRR = 1.37) the current national air quality standard for PM2.5, though this difference was not statistically significant (pinteraction > 0.2). These results suggest carriers with CFTR functional levels between 25% and 45% of wildtype are at increased risk of asthma. Knowledge of CFTR genotype in asthmatics may be important to open new CFTR‐related treatment options for these patients.
Sleep quality in individuals with chronic low back pain and central sensitization
Authors: Aoyagi Kosaku , He Jianghua , Clauw Daniel J. , Sharma Neena K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeSleep problems are common in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Central sensitization (CS) is present in a subgroup of individuals with CLBP. However, our knowledge about whether sleep quality varies between the subgroups of CLBP is limited. Therefore, we sought to examine whether the subgroup of CLBP with CS has poorer sleep quality than the subgroup without CS.Methods2011 Fibromyalgia Survey (2011 FM survey) was used as a surrogate measure of CS to divide the CLBP participants into two subgroups: CLBP with CS and CLBP without CS. We also created a CS index comprising a set of quantitative sensory testing measures (i.e., pressure pain thresholds, conditioned pain modulation) to evaluate pain sensitivity. Sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Group differences about PSQI and CS index and associations between sleep quality and CS across the groups were analyzed.ResultsWe included 60 participants with CLBP and 23 healthy controls (HCs). Overall, 80% of the participants with CLBP presented with poor sleep quality. Participants with CLBP with CS showed significantly higher PSQI scores (poorer sleep) than participants with CLBP without CS and HCs (p < 0.05). Both the 2011 FM survey and CS index were significantly correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.5870, p < 0.001 and r = −0.264, p = 0.04). Logistic regression models revealed that the FM status (odds ratio (OR) = 6.00, p = 0.02 [95% confidence interval: 1.31–42.1]), but not the CS index (OR = 1.11, p = 0.79 [95% CI: 0.48–2.71]) was associated with PSQI. After adjusting covariates, the results remained similar but became non‐significant for the FM status.DiscussionWe found that sleep problems were more common and severe in those who exhibited signs of CS. Thus, clinicians may consider using 2011 FM survey to identify those with CS and co‐existing sleep problems.
The application of magnetic resonance ultrasmall magnetic Fe3O4 nano bimodal contrast agent in rabbit orthotopic liver tumors
Authors: Yuhuang Wang , Kang Li , Chen Bai , Guodong Feng , Xiuming Zhang , Dan Shi , Yu Zhang , Nianlong Liu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the diagnostic value of ultra‐small superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as dual modal contrast agent in rabbit orthotopic liver tumor. Twenty‐four New Zealand rabbits with orthotopic liver tumor were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group contained 12 rabbits which intravenously injected with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the control group contained 12 rabbits which intravenously injected with Gd‐DTPA. After injection, the cross‐sectional T1 and T2‐weighted scan images of experimental group and cross‐sectional T1‐weighted scan images of control group were obtained at the different timepoints (including 0, 5, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min) with a clinical 3.0 T MRI scanner. The SNR value of the tumor site and the normal liver site at different time points were calculated, respectively, and then the signal change value (CNR) of the tumor relative to the normal liver tissue was obtained. The r1 value of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was significantly higher than Gd‐DTPA (6.97 mM−1 s−1 for Fe3O4 nanoparticles and 4.75 mM−1 s−1 for Gd‐DTPA and only Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited the r2 relaxation rate which was 22.53 mM−1 s−1). In addition, the r2/r1 ratio of Fe3O4 was 3.23 which also demonstrated the strong MR relaxation characteristics of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Compare with clinical used MRI contrast agent (Gd‐DTPA), the ultra‐small magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles not only showed the better T1 contrast enhancement but also exhibited the T1/T2 dual‐modal enhanced contrast ability, which could improve the accuracy and sensitivity of MRI diagnosis and realize the early diagnosis of diseases in prospect.
In vivo fluorescent screening for HPPD‐targeted herbicide discovery
Authors: Fu Yi‐Xuan , Zhang Zi‐Ye , Guo Wu‐Yingzheng , Dai Yi‐Jie , Wang Zheng‐Yu , Yang Wen‐Chao , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), playing a critical role in vitamin E and plastoquinone biosynthesis in plants, has been recognized as one of the most important targets for herbicide discovery for over 30 years. Structure‐based rational design of HPPD inhibitors has received more and more research interest. However, a critical challenge in the discovery of new HPPD inhibitors is the common inconsistency between molecular‐level HPPD‐based bioevaluation and the weed control efficiency in fields, due to the unpredictable biological processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.ResultsIn this study, we developed a fluorescent‐sensing platform of efficient in vivo screening for HPPD‐targeted herbicide discovery. The refined sensor has good capability of in situ real‐time fluorescence imaging of HPPD in living cells and zebrafish. More importantly, it enabled the direct visible monitoring of HPPD inhibition in plants in a real‐time manner.ConclusionWe developed a highly efficient in vivo fluorescent screening method for HPPD‐targeted herbicide discovery. This discovery not only offers a promising tool to advance HPPD‐targeted herbicide discovery, but it also demonstrates a general path to develop the highly efficient, target‐based, in vivo screening for pesticide discovery. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Atrazine and estradiol effects on development of Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's cricket frog) exposed in outdoor enclosures
Authors: Windle Shauni , McMurry Scott , Brain Richard , Maul Jonathan , Wolf Jeffrey , Belden Jason 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe herbicide atrazine has been proposed as a potential endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) for amphibians. Using atrazine concentrations below or at those typically found in surface waters (0.5, 5.0, 50 μg/L), we exposed Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's cricket frog) larvae throughout development until metamorphosis (i.e. Gosner stages 26–45). An additional 50 μg/L treatment (50s μg/L) was utilized where supplemented algae was added to control for indirect atrazine effects from reduced food sources. In addition to atrazine, experimental groups also included a negative control and two positive controls, 17β‐estradiol (E2) at 2.3 and 25 μg/L. At 60 days post‐metamorphosis, A. blanchardi metamorphs were euthanized for analysis of gross and histopathological development.RESULTSAtrazine did not significantly influence mortality (mean recovery of 54% across treatments), sex ratio, body mass (BM), snout‐vent length (SVL), gonad size, nor gonad development of A. blanchardi. Females exposed to 50s μg/L atrazine had 29% less mass, were 10% shorter, and had a 29% lower mean ovary area (mm2) as compared to negative controls, suggesting algae enrichment had a significant negative effect. Males exposed to estradiol (25 μg/L) showed an increased level of oviduct development. Ovary area was also significantly influenced by estradiol treatment at 2.3 and 25 μg/L.CONCLUSIONOverall, estradiol had much less effect than predicted based on other model species (e.g. Xenopus laevis). Development of A. blanchardi, overall, was not affected by long‐term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine. However, this species also was largely insensitive to exogenous estradiol in this test system. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seasonal migratory activity of SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across China and Myanmar
Authors: Ge Shi‐shuai , Zhang Hao‐wen , Liu Da‐zhong , Lv Chun‐yang , Cang Xin‐zhu , Sun Xiao‐xu , Song Yi‐fei , He Wei , Chu Bo , Zhao Sheng‐yuan , Wu Qiu‐lin , Yang Xian‐ming , Wu Kong‐ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invaded Myanmar and China in 2018 and greatly impacted agricultural production and ecosystem balance in these areas. FAW is a migratory insect, but its seasonal migration pattern between the two countries has been largely unknown. From 2019 to 2021, we monitored the seasonal migration of FAW in the China–Myanmar border area using a searchlight trap, assessed the reproductive development status of female migrants and traced the migratory routes by trajectory simulation.ResultsFAW moths were trapped by the searchlight trap in Lancang County (Yunnan, China) all year, with obvious seasonal differences in the number caught. There were small‐scale persistent trapping peaks in spring and summer, and obvious peaks in autumn; only a small number of moths were trapped in winter. Examination of the ovaries of female moths collected in different seasons showed that most females had matured, indicating that the moths were migrating and did not take off from the local area. In the migration trajectory simulation, FAW mainly migrated from Myanmar to Southwest China in spring and summer and back to Myanmar in autumn.ConclusionOur findings indicate that FAW migrates between China and Myanmar according to the monsoon circulation, which will help guide cross‐border regional monitoring and management strategies against this pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrafast analysis of peptides by laser diode thermal desorption–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Segura Pedro A. , Guillaumain Cédric , Eysseric Emmanuel , Boudrias Judith , Moreau Mégane , Guérette Cassandra , Clémencin Rémi , Beaudry Francis 
Published: August 2022

RationaleThe COVID‐19 pandemic demonstrated the importance of high‐throughput analysis for public health. Given the importance of surface viral proteins for interactions with healthy tissue, they are targets of interest for mass spectrometry‐based analysis. For that reason, the possibility of detecting and quantifying peptides using a high‐throughput technique, laser diode thermal desorption–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LDTD‐QqQMS), was explored.MethodsTwo peptides used as models for small peptides (leu‐enkephalin and endomorphin‐2) and four tryptic peptides (GVYYPDK, NIDGYFK, IADYNYK, and QIAPGQTGK) specific to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein were employed. Target peptides were analyzed individually in the positive mode by LDTD‐QqQMS. Peptides were quantified by internal calibration using selected reaction monitoring transitions in pure solvents and in samples spiked with 20 μg mL−1 of a bovine serum albumin tryptic digest to represent real analysis conditions.ResultsLow‐energy fragment ions (b and y ions) as well as high‐energy fragment ions (c and x ions) and some of their corresponding water or ammonia losses were detected in the full mass spectra. Only for the smallest peptides, leu‐enkephalin and endomorphin‐2, were [M + H]+ ions observed. Product ion spectra confirmed that, with the experimental conditions used in the present study, LDTD transfers a considerable amount of energy to the target peptides. Quantitative analysis showed that it was possible to quantify peptides using LDTD‐QqQMS with acceptable calibration curve linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 18.2%), and trueness (bias < 8.3%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated for the first time that linear peptides can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using LDTD‐QqQMS. Limits of quantification and dynamic ranges are still inadequate for clinical applications, but other applications where higher levels of proteins must be detected could be possible with LDTD. Given the high‐throughput capabilities of LDTD‐QqQMS (>15 000 samples in less than 43 h), more studies are needed to improve the sensitivity for peptide analysis of this technique.