bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Política migratoria colombiana 2010-2020: barreras emergentes y retos en educación
Authors: Tovar-Flórez Miguel Ángel , Vanegas-Niño Luz Karime , Sanvicén-Torné Paquita 
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta una revisión documental de investigaciones sobre la política migratoria de Colombia y su impacto en la educación, en el periodo 2010-2020. El análisis de contenido identifica tres categorías clave: política migratoria y educación obligatoria; barreras emergentes en educación obligatoria y retos en política migratoria y educación obligatoria. Esto demuestra el interés creciente por analizar el impacto de la migración desde Venezuela hacia Colombia en la educación primaria y secundaria. Cuantitativamente, las aportaciones científicas aumentan a partir de 2015, debido al incremento de flujos migratorios venezolanos, tratando problemáticas y retos políticos y educativos.
Spin within systematic review abstracts on antiplatelet therapies after acute coronary syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wise Audrey , Mannem Deepika , Arthur Wade , Ottwell Ryan , Greiner Benjamin , Srouji Derek , Wildes Daniel , Hartwell Micah , Wright Drew N , Khojasteh Jam , Vassar Matthew 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesSpin is a reporting practice in which study results are misrepresented by overestimating efficacy or underestimating harm. Prevalence of spin varies between clinical specialties, and estimates are based almost entirely on clinical trials. Little is known about spin in systematic reviews.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analysis searching MEDLINE and Embase for systematic reviews and meta-analyses pertaining to antiplatelet therapies following acute coronary syndrome on 2 June 2020. Data were extracted evaluating the presence of spin and study characteristics, including methodological quality as rated by A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2). All data extraction was conducted in a masked, duplicate manner from 2 June 2020 to 26 June 2020.Participants and settingNot applicable.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe assessed abstracts of systematic reviews on antiplatelet therapy following acute coronary syndrome and evaluated the prevalence of the nine most severe types of spin. We additionally explored associations between spin and certain study characteristics, including quality.ResultsOur searches returned 15 263 articles, and 185 systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. Of these 185 reviews, 31.9% (59/185) contained some form of spin in the abstract. Seven forms of spin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9) among the nine most severe were identified. No instances of types 6 or 8 were found. There were no statistically significant relationships between spin and the evaluated study characteristics or AMSTAR-2 appraisals.ConclusionsSpin was present in abstracts for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; subsequent studies are needed to identify correlations between spin and specific study characteristics. There were no statistically significant associations between spin and study characteristics or AMSTAR-2 ratings; however, implementing changes will ensure that spin is reduced in the field of cardiology as well as other fields of medicine.
Investigating the relationship between thought interference, somatic passivity and outcomes in patients with psychosis: a natural language processing approach using a clinical records search platform in south London
Authors: Magrangeas Thibault Thierry , Kolliakou Anna , Sanyal Jyoti , Patel Rashmi , Stewart Robert 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to apply natural language processing algorithms in routine healthcare records to identify reported somatic passivity (external control of sensations, actions and impulses) and thought interference symptoms (thought broadcasting, insertion, withdrawal), first-rank symptoms traditionally central to diagnosing schizophrenia, and determine associations with prognosis by analysing routine outcomes.DesignFour algorithms were developed on deidentified mental healthcare data and applied to ascertain recorded symptoms over the 3 months following first presentation to a mental healthcare provider in a cohort of patients with a primary schizophreniform disorder (ICD-10 F20-F29) diagnosis.Setting and participantsFrom the electronic health records of a large secondary mental healthcare provider in south London, 9323 patients were ascertained from 2007 to the data extraction date (25 February 2020).OutcomesThe primary binary dependent variable for logistic regression analyses was any negative outcome (Mental Health Act section, >2 antipsychotics prescribed, >22 days spent in crisis care) over the subsequent 2 years.ResultsFinal adjusted models indicated significant associations of this composite outcome with baseline somatic passivity (prevalence 4.9%; adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.88), thought insertion (10.7%; 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.55) and thought withdrawal (4.9%; 1.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69), but not independently with thought broadcast (10.3%; 1.05, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.22).ConclusionsSymptoms traditionally central to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but under-represented in current diagnostic frameworks, were thus identified as important predictors of short-term to medium-term prognosis in schizophreniform disorders.
Prevalence and heart rate variability characteristics of premature ventricular contractions detected by 24-hour Holter among outpatients with palpitations in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dong Yan , Li Xiaorong , Zheng Wei , Man Yilong , Liu Jin , Yu Ping , Zhang Fengxiang , Yang Bing , Cao Kejiang 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence and heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detected by 24-hour Holter among Chinese outpatients with palpitations.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in a tertiary hospital.ParticipantsA total of 4754 outpatients who received 24-hour Holter for palpitations.Main outcome measuresPrevalence, HRV time-domain and frequency-domain analyses of 24-hour Holter, and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline variables (age, gender) to decrease the bias between comparison groups.ResultsThe prevalence of PVC was 67.7% (3220/4754), and was higher in men than women (69.9% vs 66.0%, p=0.004); the prevalence of frequent PVCs (PVC burden≥5%) was 7.7% (368/4754). Older patients had the highest frequency of PVC among all patients. However, among 3220 patients with PVC, younger patients’ PVC burden was much higher. Matched 1:1 by age and gender, the HRV time-domain parameters in patients with PVC were all lower than those in patients without PVC (all p<0.05); for the HRV frequency-domain parameters, the patients with frequent PVCs had a higher low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (5.4 vs 2.8, p<0.001) than those with PVC burden less than 5%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PVC and frequent PVCs were 67.7% and 7.7%, respectively, detected by 24-hour Holter among Chinese outpatients with palpitations. Decreased HRV time-domain parameters suggested the occurrence of PVC, and increased LF/HF ratio represented the imbalance of autonomic nervous system in patients with frequent PVCs. Further studies are needed to understand the HRV indexes in PVC patients.
Factors associated with discontinuation among long-acting reversible contraceptive users: a multisite prospective cohort study in urban public health facilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Mihretie Getasew Sisay , Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Abebaw Yeshiwas , Gedefa Leta , Gure Tadesse , Alemayehu Birtukan Asmare , Amenu Demisew , Tadesse Daniel , Fanta Girma Abraham , Abubeker Ferid Abbas , Yemane Awol , G/Michael Amanuel Desta , Teklu Alula M , Damtew Mengistu Hailemariam , Girma Bisrat 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe study aims to determine discontinuation among long-acting reversible contraceptive users at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after initiation and its associated factors among new long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) users.DesignA facility-based multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample size of 1766 women.SettingThe study was conducted in five large cities of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Gondar, Mekelle, Jimma and Harar) between March 2017 and December 2018. Various referral hospitals and health centres that are found in those cities are included in the study.ParticipantsThe study population was all women who were new users of LARCs and initiated LARCs in our selected public health facilities during the enrolment period.InterventionsA pretested structured questionnaire was administered at enrolment and at 6 and 12 months to determine discontinuation proportion and factors associated with discontinuation.ResultFrom the total of 1766 women sampled for the study only 1596 (90.4%) participants completed all the questionnaires including the 12-month follow-up study. The overall proportion of discontinuation of LARCs at 12 months was 21.8% (95% CI 19.8 to 23.9). The overall discontinuation proportions at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 2.94%, 8.53%, 3.94% and 6.36%, respectively. Location of method initiation (adjusted HR (aHR)=5.77; (95% CI 1.16 to 28.69)) and dissatisfaction with the method (aHR=0.09; (95% CI 0.03 to 0.21)) were found to be the predictors of discontinuation among intrauterine contraceptive device users. Being satisfied with the method (aHR=0.21; (95% CI 0.15 to 0.27)), initiation after post abortion (aHR=0.48; (95% CI: 0.26, 0.89)) and joint decision with partner for method initiation (aHR=0.67; (95% CI: 0.50, 0.90)) were inversely associated with implant discontinuation.ConclusionThe majority of LARC users discontinue the method in the first 6 months after insertion and dissatisfaction with the method increased the likelihood of removal during the first year of LARC use.
Three-month follow-up of durability of response to the third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in adults aged 60 years and older: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Eliakim-Raz Noa , Stemmer Amos , Leibovici-Weisman Yaara , Ness Asaf , Awwad Muhammad , Ghantous Nassem , Erez Noam , Bareket-Samish Avital , Levy-Barda Adva , Ben-Zvi Haim , Moskovits Neta , Bar-Haim Erez , Stemmer Salomon M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the durability of response 3 months after the third BNT162b2 vaccine in adults aged 60 years and older.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary centre.ParticipantsHealthcare workers/family members aged ≥60 years old who received the third BNT162b2 dose.InterventionsBlood samples were drawn immediately before (T0), 10–19 days (T1) and 74–103 days (T2) after the third dose.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnti-spike IgG titres were determined using a commercial assay and seropositivity was defined as ≥50 arbitrary units (AU)/mL. Neutralising antibody titres were determined at T2. Adverse events, COVID-19 infections and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) levels were documented.ResultsThe analysis included 97 participants (median age, 70 years (IQR, 66–74), 58% CFS level 2). IgG titres, which increased significantly from T0 to T1 (median, 440 AU/mL (IQR, 294–923) and median, 25 429 AU/mL (IQR, 14 203–36 114), respectively; p<0.001), decreased significantly by T2, but all remained seropositive (median, 8306 AU/mL (IQR, 4595–14 701), p<0.001 vs T1). In a multivariable analysis, only time from the second vaccine was significantly associated with lower IgG levels at T2 (p=0.017). At T2, 60 patients were evaluated for neutralising antibodies; all were seropositive (median, 1294 antibody titres; IQR, 848–2072). Neutralising antibody and anti-spike IgG levels were correlated (r=0.6, p<0.001). No major adverse events or COVID-19 infections were reported.ConclusionsAnti-spike IgG and neutralising antibody levels remain adequate 3 months after the third BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adults aged ≥60 years, although the decline in IgG is concerning. A third dose of vaccine in this population should be top priority.
Association of sedentary and physical activity behaviours with body composition: a genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Ramadan Ferris A , Bea Jennifer W , Garcia David O , Ellingson Katherine D , Canales Robert A , Raichlen David A , Klimentidis Yann C 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesStudies suggest that body composition can be independently improved through physical activity (PA). We performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to test the incremental benefits of sedentary behaviour and various PA exposures on body composition outcomes as assessed by anthropometric indices, lean body mass (kg), body fat (%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (kg).MethodsGenetic instruments were identified for both self-reported and accelerometer-measured sedentary behaviour and PA. Outcomes included anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of adiposity, extracted from the UK Biobank and the largest available consortia. Multivariable MR (MVMR) included educational attainment as a covariate to address potential confounding. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for weak instrument bias and pleiotropic effects.ResultsWe did not identify consistent associations between genetically predicted self-reported and accelerometer-measured sedentary behaviour and body composition outcomes. All analyses for self-reported moderate PA were null for body composition outcomes. Genetically predicted PA at higher intensities was protective against VAT in MR and MVMR analyses of both accelerometer-measured vigorous PA (MVMR β=−0.15, 95% CI: −0.24 to –0.07, p<0.001) and self-reported participation in strenuous sports or other exercises (MVMR β=−0.27, 95% CI: −0.52 to –0.01, p=0.034) was robust across several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe did not identify evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted PA and body composition, with the exception of a putatively protective effect of higher-intensity PA on VAT. Protective effects of PA against VAT may support prior evidence of biological pathways through which PA decreases risk of downstream cardiometabolic diseases.
Adherence to an injury prevention program in male amateur football players is affected by players’ age, experience and perceptions
Authors: van de Hoef Peter Alexander , Brink Michel S , Brauers Jur J , van Smeden Maarten , Gouttebarge Vincent , Backx Frank J G 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAdherence to injury prevention programmes in football remains low, which is thought to drastically reduce the effects of injury prevention programmes. Reasons why (medical) staff and players implement injury prevention programmes, have been investigated, but player’s characteristics and perceptions about these programmes might influence their adherence. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between player’s characteristics and adherence and between player’s perceptions and adherence following an implemented injury prevention programme.MethodsData from 98 of 221 football players from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial concerning hamstring injury prevention were analysed.ResultsAdherence was better among older and more experienced football players, and players considered the programme more useful, less intense, more functional and less time-consuming. Previous hamstring injuries, educational level, the programme’s difficulty and intention to continue the exercises were not significantly associated with adherence.ConclusionThese player’s characteristics and perceptions should be considered when implementing injury prevention programmes.
Inactivated genotype 1a, 2a and 3a HCV vaccine candidates induced broadly neutralising antibodies in mice
Authors: Alzua Garazi Pena , Pihl Anne Finne , Offersgaard Anna , Duarte Hernandez Carlos Rene , Duan Zhe , Feng Shan , Fahnøe Ulrik , Sølund Christina , Weis Nina , Law Mansun , Prentoe Jannick C , Christensen Jan Pravsgaard , Bukh Jens , Gottwein Judith Margarete 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveA prophylactic vaccine is needed to control the HCV epidemic, with genotypes 1–3 causing >80% of worldwide infections. Vaccine development is hampered by HCV heterogeneity, viral escape including protection of conserved neutralising epitopes and suboptimal efficacy of HCV cell culture systems. We developed cell culture-based inactivated genotype 1–3 HCV vaccine candidates to present natively folded envelope proteins to elicit neutralising antibodies.DesignHigh-yield genotype 1a, 2a and 3a HCV were developed by serial passage of TNcc, J6cc and DBN3acc in Huh7.5 cells and engineering of acquired mutations detected by next-generation sequencing. Neutralising epitope exposure was determined in cell-based neutralisation assays using human monoclonal antibodies AR3A and AR4A, and polyclonal antibody C211. BALB/c mice were immunised with processed and inactivated genotype 1a, 2a or 3a viruses using AddaVax, a homologue of the licenced adjuvant MF-59. Purified mouse and patient serum IgG were assayed for neutralisation capacity; mouse IgG and immune-sera were assayed for E1/E2 binding.ResultsCompared with the original viruses, high-yield viruses had up to ~1000 fold increased infectivity titres (peak titres: 6–7 log10 focus-forming units (FFU)/mL) and up to ~2470 fold increased exposure of conserved neutralising epitopes. Vaccine-induced IgG broadly neutralised genotype 1–6 HCV (EC50: 30–193 µg/mL; mean 71 µg/mL), compared favourably with IgG from chronically infected patients, and bound genotype 1–3 E1/E2; immune-sera endpoint titres reached up to 32 000.ConclusionHigh-yield genotype 1–3 HCV could be developed as basis for inactivated vaccine candidates inducing broadly neutralising antibodies in mice supporting further preclinical development.
Vitamin D receptor and STAT6 interactome governs oesophageal epithelial barrier responses to IL-13 signalling
Authors: Brusilovsky Michael , Rochman Mark , Shoda Tetsuo , Kotliar Michael , Caldwell Julie M , Mack Lydia E , Besse John A , Chen Xiaoting , Weirauch Matthew T , Barski Artem , Rothenberg Marc E 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe contribution of vitamin D (VD) deficiency to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases remains elusive. We aimed to define the impact of VD on oesophageal allergic inflammation.DesignWe assessed the genomic distribution and function of VD receptor (VDR) and STAT6 using histology, molecular imaging, motif discovery and metagenomic analysis. We examined the role of VD supplementation in oesophageal epithelial cells, in a preclinical model of IL-13-induced oesophageal allergic inflammation and in human subjects with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE).ResultsVDR response elements were enriched in oesophageal epithelium, suggesting enhanced VDR binding to functional gene enhancer and promoter regions. Metagenomic analysis showed that VD supplementation reversed dysregulation of up to 70% of the transcriptome and epigenetic modifications (H3K27Ac) induced by IL-13 in VD-deficient cells, including genes encoding the transcription factorsHIF1AandSMAD3, endopeptidases (SERPINB3) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators (TGFBR1, TIAM1, SRC, ROBO1, CDH1). Molecular imaging and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed VDR and STAT6 colocalisation within the regulatory regions of the affected genes, suggesting that VDR and STAT6 interactome governs epithelial tissue responses to IL-13 signalling. Indeed, VD supplementation reversed IL-13-induced epithelial hyperproliferation, reduced dilated intercellular spaces and barrier permeability, and improved differentiation marker expression (filaggrin, involucrin). In a preclinical model of IL-13-mediated oesophageal allergic inflammation and in human EoE, VD levels inversely associated with severity of oesophageal eosinophilia and epithelial histopathology.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings identify VD as a natural IL-13 antagonist with capacity to regulate the oesophageal epithelial barrier functions, providing a novel therapeutic entry point for type 2 immunity-related diseases.
Low left atrial volume is an independent predictor of persistent hypotension after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Maekawa Kota , Ohara Nobuyuki , Takasugi Junji , Fujiwara Satoru , Okada Taiji , Miyakoshi Chisato , Imamura Hirotoshi , Kawamoto Michi , Sakai Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPersistent hypotension (PH) after carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a relatively common complication; however, it is unclear which patients are more likely to experience this phenomenon. Recently, lower left atrial (LA) volume was associated with vasovagal syncope, which has a similar neurological mechanism to hypotension after CAS. This study aimed to investigate whether LA volume can predict PH after CAS.MethodsThis single center retrospective analysis used data from 316 patients who had undergone CAS between March 2013 and February 2021. After the exclusion of urgent CAS, 212 procedures (202 patients) with transthoracic echocardiograms were included. The procedures were divided among two groups according to the presence or absence of PH for more than 1 hour after CAS.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 73.0±7.5 years. PH was observed during 52 (24.5%) procedures. The PH group exhibited a lower LA volume index (LAVI) than the no-PH group (29.7±9.1 vs 37.7±12.5 mL/m2, respectively; p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.716. The optimal cut-off value was 33.5 mL/m2(sensitivity 0.750, specificity 0.625). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that LAVI <33.5 mL/m2was an independent predictor for PH after CAS (OR 4.950, 95% CI 2.190 to 11.200; p<0.001). Preoperative hydration was negatively associated with PH (OR 0.235, 95% CI, 0.070 to 0.794; p=0.020).ConclusionsA lower LA volume can predict PH after CAS, and preoperative hydration may prevent PH after CAS.
Brief report on IQOS point-of-sale marketing, promotion and pricing in IQOS retail partner stores in Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Authors: Henderson Katherine C , Van Do Vuong , Wang Yu , Duan Zongshuan , Popova Lucy , Spears Claire Adams , Weaver Scott R , Ashley David L , Barker Dianne C , Huang Jidong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesPhilip Morris has a history of aggressive marketing tactics in its global pursuit of IQOS sales, which extant literature suggests may appeal to non-smokers and young adults. This study was the first to examine point-of-sale (POS) marketing and pricing of IQOS after it entered the US market in October 2019.MethodsTrained field staff assessed 75 retail partner stores selling IQOS/HeatSticks in the Atlanta area in February–November 2020 using an IQOS-tailored, standardised assessment tool. The tool assessed store characteristics, product availability and accessibility, marketing and promotions and pricing for each store.ResultsAll stores assessed sold HeatSticks in at least one of the three flavours (tobacco, smooth menthol, fresh menthol), but did not sell the IQOS device. IQOS/HeatSticks marketing was present inside 98.5% and outside 17.3% of stores assessed. Marketing for other tobacco products was present inside 98.5% and outside 32% of stores. The average price per HeatSticks pack was US$6.40 compared with US$6.08 for Marlboro Red cigarettes.ConclusionOur study revealed a considerable amount of POS marketing and promotion for IQOS/HeatSticks at retail partner locations, visible to all retail consumers, including youth and non-smokers. This study was the first to examine IQOS POS marketing and promotion in the US context and findings add to the extant literature on IQOS global marketing strategies. As additional novel tobacco/nicotine products continue to enter the market, targeted monitoring of the POS marketing and promotion for these new products is warranted.