bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A Biomarker‐Based Scoring System to Assess the Presence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Espinosa Pascual María Jesús , Carnicero Carreño Jose Antonio , El Assar Mariam , Olsen Rodríguez Renee , Fraile Sanz Alfonso , Rodriguez Montes Paula , Gil Mancebo Nuria , Sánchez Ferrer Alberto , Izquierdo Coronel Bárbara , Álvarez Bello María , Martín Muñoz María , Cámara Hernández Verónica , de La Serna Real de Asua Miguel , Humanes Ybañez Silvia , Sosa Callejas Patricia , Gutierrez Muñoz Miguel , Mata Caballero Rebeca , Awamleh Garcia Paula , Perea Egido Jesús Ángel , López Pais Javier , Rodríguez Mañas Leocadio , Alonso Martín Joaquín Jesús 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsApproximately 10% of patients with myocardial infarction present with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), whose characteristics differ from those with obstructive coronary lesions (MICAD). Inflammation plays a key role in myocardial infarction. This study aims to develop a biomarker‐based index for accurate differentiation between MINOCA and MICAD.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study including 111 patients admitted for myocardial infarction: 46 with MINOCA and 65 with MICAD. Blood samples were collected within the first 24 h to measure high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and peak high‐sensitivity troponin T. The association of these biomarkers with MICAD risk was analyzed using logistic regression. Scoring systems were developed using optimization algorithms to predict the diagnosis before coronary angiography, applied to both individual biomarkers and a combined index.ResultsPatients had a mean age of 67 years (SD 13.3), with a male predominance (68.5%). Higher levels of IL‐6 and high‐sensitivity troponin T were significantly associated with increased MICAD risk (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.01–2.46, and OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.61–3.26, respectively). As score increases, interleukin‐6 and high‐sensitivity troponin T increase the likelihood of MICAD classification, while higher asymmetric dimethylarginine levels reduce it. Each one‐point increase in the combined index multiplies MICAD risk by six (OR:6.16, 95%CI: 2.72–13.95; p < 0.001). While individual indexes improved the diagnostic performance of biomarkers, the combined index demonstrated superior accuracy (AUC: 0.918).ConclusionsA biomarker‐based scoring system was developed, achieving superior discriminatory capacity for differentiating MINOCA from MICAD compared to the individual analysis of biomarkers in absolute values or independent indexes.
Management of Echocardiography Requests for the Detection and Follow‐Up of Heart Valve Disease: A Consensus Statement From the British Heart Valve Society
Authors: Chambers John , Shah Benoy N. , Garbi Madalina , Campbell Brian , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Schlosshan Dominik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn the aftermath of the Covid19 pandemic and lockdowns, there has been a growing population awaiting transthoracic echocardiograms for potential valvular heart disease. Conducting comprehensive echocardiograms for all individuals may no longer be practical, leading to substantial delays in obtaining the necessary scans. This paper explores an alternative approach, suggesting the consideration of dedicated and shorter scans specifically for patients suspected of having valvular heart disease.HypothesisTo address the increasing waiting times and improve heart valve disease detection, the British Heart Valve Society recommends a tiered approach to echocardiograms.MethodsThis approach includes basic/level 1, focused, minimum standard, and disease‐specific scans. Urgency recommendations vary, with individuals experiencing exertional chest pain or pre‐syncope requiring prompt scanning within 2 weeks, ideally at a valve clinic.ResultsPatients without known valve disease but with a murmur and stable breathlessness should be scanned as soon as possible, within a maximum of 6 weeks, balancing local demand and capacity. For those with an asymptomatic murmur and no prior scan, a basic/level 1 study is recommended to triage the necessity for a minimum standard study. Emphasizing appropriate triage for all requests, the statement guides decisions on the necessity for echocardiography, urgency level, and the required scan type.ConclusionThis practical Consensus Statement from the British Heart Valve Society aims to support appropriate shorter transthoracic echocardiography for patients referred for suspected valvular heart disease. The goal is to enhance capacity in a secure manner, thereby minimizing the risks associated with delays in obtaining timely scans.
Adaptive Slip Control of Distributed Electric Drive Vehicles Based on Improved PSO‐BPNN‐PID
Authors: Chen Huipeng , Yu Xinglei , Zhu Shaopeng , Wu Zhijun , Chien Chou Jay Tsai , Zhu Junjie , Zhou Rougang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe distributed electric drive vehicle is a highly nonlinear and time‐varying system. To address the issue of drive slip control under varying driving forces and road surface coefficients, a novel drive slip control strategy is proposed, which considers axle load transfer during vehicle acceleration. The strategy employs an improved PSO algorithm to obtain optimal parameters for the BP neural network, uses the BP neural network for forward propagation to calculate PID parameters in real‐time, and adjusts the weight matrix through backward propagation to achieve real‐time adaptive PID control for vehicle slip. Experimental results indicate that this strategy improves the ITAE index by 13.6% and response time by 74.8% compared to the anti‐saturation PID.
TPST: A Traffic Flow Prediction Model Based on Spatial–Temporal Identity
Authors: Hou Yuchen , Cao Buqing , Liu Jianxun , Li Changyun , Shi Min 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the constant dynamics of temporal dependence and spatial correlation, the interaction between them has become intricate. Existing work attempts to model precise temporal dependency and spatial correlation to make their interactions more accurate but ignores the importance of understanding how the two interact with each other. Thus, this article mines deeper into their interaction mechanism and proposes a new traffic prediction model called traffic flow prediction model based on spatial–temporal identity (TPST). It provides a new way named the spatial–temporal identity mechanism to model spatial–temporal interactions, which convert complex temporal dependence and spatial correlation into their identity information. Meanwhile, in order to improve spatial–temporal interaction resolution of the model, the method utilizes the down‐sampling cross‐convolution technique to contain more spatial–temporal history information and parses spatial–temporal interactions at different granularity. Experiments conducted with four real traffic flow datasets show that TPST consistently outperforms the other seven benchmark models, providing higher prediction accuracy with lower computational cost.
Modified Cryptosystem‐Based Authentication Protocol for Internet of Things in Fog Networks
Authors: Kanthimathi S. , Sivakami R. , Indira B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe advanced architecture called fog‐driven IoT, positioned between the centralized cloud platform and IoT devices, aims to expand storage, computing, and network capabilities to the Internet edges. This setup ensures that services and resources from fog nodes are easily accessible and in proximity to the end‐users and devices, reduces latency, enhances mobility, and provides location awareness. However, despite its benefits, the fog computing paradigm inherits security and privacy issues like those found in cloud computing. These concerns encompass challenges like message replay, impersonation, spoofing, man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, and physical capture of IoT devices, posing potential risks to the system's security and privacy. In order to address these challenges, a new authentication protocol is proposed in this study, which encompasses five key phases: “node registration, fog server registration, node authentication, fog server authentication, and fail‐safe authentication.” It begins with node registers on fog servers (FSs), establishing a foundation for trust and identity verification. The protocol then scales to authenticate the fog network, which consists of multiple FSs, each undergoes authentication within the cloud server, to ensure robustness and reliability across distributed servers. A significant innovation lies in the third phase, where mutual authentication is achieved using the Modified Blowfish (MBF) algorithm, promoting secure communication between FSs and nodes while ensuring stronger encryption and better protection against attacks. The fourth phase extends authentication mechanisms to the FS in which intra‐fog authentication is done by the IKM scheme and inter‐fog authentication is done by the IECC mechanism to manage cryptographic keys effectively within fog nodes and also enhance security in communication between different fog nodes. Additionally, a fail‐safe authentication phase provides emergency response capabilities against potential attacks, bolstering the protocol's resilience. The proposed method's performance is validated against other well‐known techniques to prove the supremacy of the method. At 75% data variation, the IECC scheme attained a better KCA attack value of 0.152, which surpasses the result of ECC, RSA, Blowfish, Fernet, ElGamal, NTRU, and CP‐ABE. This potentially underscores the model's effectiveness in protecting data against known cryptographic vulnerabilities contrasting to other traditional techniques.
A Multi‐Objective Decision‐Making Neural Network: Effective Structure and Learning Method
Authors: Yan Shu‐Rong , Nadershahi Mohadeseh , Guo Wei , Ghaderpour Ebrahim , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDecision Neural Networks significantly improve the performance of complex models and create more transparent and accountable decision‐making systems that can be trusted in critical applications. However, their performance strongly depends on the amount of data and the learning algorithm. This article describes the development of a simplified structure and training algorithm based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to enhance the decision neural network's training and assess the utility function's efficacy in multi‐objective issues. The suggested algorithm converges faster than traditional algorithms. Also, the designed scheme combines gradient descent with the Gauss‐Newton method, allowing it to escape shallow local minima more effectively than other similar techniques. Numerical examples demonstrate how well the suggested method estimates linear utility functions, even complicated and nonlinear ones. Additionally, the findings of applying the enhanced decision neural network to multi‐objective decision‐making issues show that this instructional technique produces responses with higher quality and faster convergence. By applying the designed scheme to a multi‐objective problem with seven primary answers, it is shown that accuracy is improved by more than 20%.
Identification of genetic loci associated with protein and fiber digestibility in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Lin Sen , Medina Cesar Augusto , Patel Smit Bipinchandra , Xu Zhanyou , Zanton Geoffrey I. , Combs David , Wang Guojie , Shewmaker Glenn , Fransen Steve , Llewellyn Don , Norberg Steven , Yu Long‐Xi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), known as the queen of forages, is a versatile and valuable forage crop that holds significant importance in agriculture due to its myriad benefits for livestock. Ruminants benefit from alfalfa's digestible fiber and protein, contributing to improved feed efficiency and milk production. However, alfalfa protein is rapidly and extensively degraded in rumen, and it is a challenge to maximize the efficiency of the forage crude protein utilized as metabolizable protein by ruminant livestock. In this study, the phenotypic data of 14 traits related to forage digestibility were collected from 200 alfalfa accessions planted at three different locations for 2 years. The performance of these accessions showed dramatic variations by location, indicating that environmental factors play important roles in alfalfa digestibility. Twenty‐two significant genetic markers associated with 12 traits related to forage digestibility were identified by genome‐wide association study. Among them, seven markers were associated with more than one trait, although the significant markers varied by year and location. Putative candidate genes associated with these loci were also identified. The digestibility‐related markers and associated genes identified in this study will help to better understand the genetic basis of forage digestibility and its interaction with environments. After validation, the closely linked markers and associated genes can be used for marker‐assisted selection of alfalfa with improved forage quality.
Spatiotemporal land use dynamics filter life history strategies to shape urban spontaneous plant assemblages
Authors: Huang Jun‐Long , Qian Shen‐Hua , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpontaneous plants, such as weeds, are a key component of urban flora that can provide significant ecological benefits like nutrient cycling and soil pollutant removal. Our ability to fully harness these species in urban restoration efforts is hindered, however, due to a lack of understanding of their functional ecology under urban stressors. Here, we analyzed the effects of spatiotemporal urban land dynamics on the functional diversity of spontaneous plants from three life history strategies: colonization, establishment, and nutrient acquisition. Specifically, we measured 11 functional traits of 54 spontaneous plants across 79 sampling sites in Chongqing, a rapidly growing megacity in southwestern China with a population exceeding 16 million. We found that colonization‐related traits of spontaneous plants were uncorrelated with nutrient‐acquisition traits. When controlled for species richness, functional α‐ and β‐diversity showed clearer responses to urbanization that varied by life history strategy and urban development stage. Spontaneous plant assemblages became more functionally homogeneous in their colonization and nutrient‐acquisition strategies within newly urbanized areas than in historically developed areas. Yet, establishment strategies exhibited a neutral response to urbanization. Our findings reveal both challenges and opportunities of utilizing spontaneous plants in urban landscapes, highlighting the need to consider temporal dynamics in urban growth and plant functional diversity across life history strategies. Effective management should focus on controlling high‐dispersal spontaneous plants in historically developed areas while retaining those with diverse nutrient acquisition strategies in newly urbanized areas to maximize ecological benefits for sustainable urban development.
Satellite Remote Sensing Reveals More Beneficial Effect of Forest Plant Diversity on Drought Resistance in More Arid Areas of Yunnan, China
Authors: Ma Guotao , Sun Hao , Hu Keke , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlant diversity is important in enhancing an ecosystem's drought resistance. However, the relationship between plant diversity and drought resistance has historically aroused much controversy. Given that most previous studies on the relationship were conducted with in situ data at a small or point scale, this study explored the relationship with satellite remote sensing, taking Yunnan Province of China as the study area. Specifically, Sentinel‐2 remote sensing data were used to estimate plant diversity. The temporal correlation between the standardized vegetation index (SVI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was used to express the vegetation sensitivity to drought or drought resistance. A moving window method was developed to explore the relationship between plant diversity and drought resistance. MODIS and SPEI data from 2000 to 2018, as well as Meteorological reanalysis data from 1990 to 2020, were utilized. Results indicated that (1) the remotely sensed plant diversity index was found significantly correlated with field investigations of plant diversity in the study area, with a correlation coefficient of around 0.43–0.49 and p‐value < 0.001. The plant diversity of the study area can be recognized with the Sentinel‐2 remote sensing data. (2) The area proportion of having positive temporal correlation coefficients between SVIs and one‐month SPEI varied around 60%–88% during the dry seasons, while that varied around 30%–50% during the wet seasons. Most of the forest vegetation in the study area was sensitive to drought in the dry seasons rather than in the wet seasons. (3) About 80% of the study area presented a beneficial effect of plant diversity on drought resistance, that is, the higher the plant diversity, the lower the forest sensitivity to drought. (4) The beneficial effect of plant diversity has different manifestations in different regions, and it was stronger in more arid and drought‐prone areas.
The relative influence of climate extremes and species richness on the temporal variability of bird communities
Authors: Cady Samantha M. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Davis Craig A. , Luttbeg Barney , Roberts Caleb P. , Loss Scott R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecological stability is increasingly urgent as rapid species extinction continues. Though evidence of positive diversity–stability relationships is accumulating, empirical results are inconsistent, and effect sizes tend to be small, raising questions about relative contributions of intrinsic (i.e., species composition/interactions) and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) drivers of stability. Community stability may be more strongly influenced by environmental conditions than by community diversity in some contexts, yet little is known about the comparative importance of diversity and climate means, extremes, and variability in regulating stability. We used a half‐century of continental‐scale bird data to quantify avian community temporal variability (a metric often used to approximate ecological stability) at 1379 sites and compared relative effects of climatic variables and species richness. We found that extreme heat and extremely low precipitation at decadal scales are associated with high bird community variability and these climate variables outperformed species richness in terms of variance explained and magnitude of effect. This provides empirical support for the theoretical concept that, at a continental, decadal scale, environmental conditions can play a larger role than intrinsic factors in determining community stability. Our findings also increase understanding of how climate extremes cause diverse ecological responses.
Up‐titration of medication in patients with new‐onset heart failure with and without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zandijk Arietje J.L. , Santema Bernadet T. , Inkelaar Friso D.J. , van der Wal Martje H.L. , Warink‐Riemersma Janke , Rienstra Michiel , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsDifferences in guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) and clinical outcomes have been observed between heart failure (HF) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) versus those in sinus rhythm. This study evaluated the effects of up‐titration of HF therapies, consisting of beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)/angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARBs) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), in patients with new‐onset HF with and without AF.MethodsAmong 607 patients with new‐onset HF (<3 months) from a specialized nurse‐led HF clinic in the Netherlands, 187 (31%) patients had AF, and 420 (69%) patients were in sinus rhythm at baseline electrocardiogram. After an up‐titration period of 9 months, achieved doses and reasons for not reaching target doses were documented.ResultsPatients with AF were older, less likely to have ischaemic heart disease and had higher baseline N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide levels (all P < 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was similar between patients with AF and those in sinus rhythm (37% vs. 36%, P = 0.453). Prescription of GDMT was comparable between patients with AF and those in sinus rhythm, except for a lower ACEi/ARB prescription and higher use of diuretics in patients with AF (79% vs. 86%; P = 0.038; 86% vs. 59%, P < 0.001, respectively, compared with sinus rhythm). Up‐titration to guideline‐recommended target doses of beta‐blocker, ACEi/ARB and MRA therapy was similar between patients with and without AF (31% vs. 24%, P = 0.096; 32% vs. 40%, P = 0.098; 23.7% vs. 30.5%, P = 0.125, respectively). Reasons for not further up‐titrating to recommended target doses were consistent across patients with AF and sinus rhythm. LVEF improvement of ≥5% and ≥10% after up‐titration was more common in patients with AF than those in sinus rhythm (67% vs. 53%, P = 0.017; 48% vs. 36%, P = 0.043). Achieving target doses of ACEi/ARB and MRA therapies was associated with lower mortality and HF rehospitalization rates at 3 years in both patients with AF and those in sinus rhythm.ConclusionsIn patients with new‐onset HF, up‐titration to recommended doses of GDMT was similar in patients with and without AF, but was associated with a greater improvement in LVEF in patients with AF.
Epigenetic Modifications Associated With Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) Firefighting
Authors: Goodrich Jaclyn M. , Furlong Melissa A. , Urwin Derek J. , Gabriel Jamie , Hughes Jeff , Jung Alesia M. , Calkins Miriam M. , DuBose Kathleen N. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Solle Natasha Schaefer , Beitel Shawn C. , Burgess Jefferey L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWildland–urban interface (WUI) firefighting involves exposure to burning vegetation, structures, and other human‐made hazards, often without respiratory protection. Response activities can last for long periods of time, spanning multiple days or weeks. Epigenetic modifications, including microRNA (miRNA) expression and DNA methylation, are responsive to toxicant exposures and are part of the development of cancers and other diseases. Epigenetic modifications have not been studied in relation to WUI fires. Firefighters (n = 99) from southern California, including 79 firefighters who responded to at least one WUI fire, provided blood samples at baseline and approximately 10 months later. We quantified the relative abundance of 800 miRNAs in blood samples using the nCounter Human v3 miRNA expression panel and blood leukocyte DNA methylation throughout the genome via the Infinium EPIC array. We used linear mixed models to compare the expression of each miRNA across time and DNA methylation at each locus, adjusting for potential confounders. In the miRNA analysis among all firefighters, 65 miRNAs were significantly different at follow‐up compared to baseline at a false discovery rate of 5%. Results were similar when restricted to firefighters with a recorded WUI fire exposure during the interim period, although only 50 were significant. Expression of miRNA hsa‐miR‐518c‐3p, a tumor suppressor, was significantly associated with WUI fire response (fold change 0.77, 95% CI = [0.69, 0.87]). In the DNA methylation analysis, no statistically significant changes over time were identified. In summary, WUI fire exposures over a wildfire season altered miRNA expression but did not substantially impact DNA methylation.