bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Del derecho a la ciudad a los deberes con la ciudad. Análisis crítico jurídico desde una perspectiva Latinoamericana
Authors: Andrade Figueroa Gustavo Javier 
Published: January 2025

El derecho a la ciudad es el de vivir a plenitud en ella, pero cabe destacar que en la mayoría de las ciudades en Latinoamérica no se cumple. Estas ciudades se las encuentra inseguras, discriminatorias, contaminadas, violentas, dan miedo. Estas características no coinciden con la conceptualización de la categoría del derecho a la ciudad, misma que tomó fuerza en el ámbito jurídico durante las últimas décadas. El problema radica en que los ciudadanos se han quedado en la exigencia de los derechos hacia el gobierno y los “otros”, pero esto no ha dado resultado. Por lo que, el autor ha planteado concebir a las ciudades como bienes comunes, lo que implica pasar a la acción colectiva transcendiendo de la exigencia a la propuesta, pasando de los derechos al cumplimiento de responsabilidades. De esta manera, los ciudadanos se inmiscuyen en un cambio de cultura social que tiene sustento en el cuidado de los ámbitos geográficos en los que habitan y se desarrollan.
PERILAKU PEMANFAATAN JAMBAN SEHAT PADA MASYARAKAT DESA ROKAN KOTO RUANG KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Syukaisih  , Alhidayati  , Amalia Risa , Maharani Riri , Turindi Aveza 
Published: January 2025

Jamban sehat adalah jamban yang tidak mengotori permukaan tanah, air, tidak terjangkau oleh serangga, tidak menimbulkan bau, mudah digunakan dan dipelihara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perilaku masyarakat Desa Rokan Koto Ruang dalam menggunakan jamban sehat. Berdasarkan survei, akses jamban sehat mencapai 60% di desa tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 101 kepala keluarga yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, pendapatan, dan kepemilikan jamban sehat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku penggunaan jamban sehat, namun dukungan petugas kesehatan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Rekomendasi penelitian menyarankan kerja sama lintas sektor untuk meningkatkan fasilitas sanitasi dan edukasi masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemanfaatan jamban sehat.
Kata kunci: Jamban Sehat, Pemanfaatan, Pengetahuan, Perilaku, Sikap

A healthy latrine is a latrine that does not pollute the surface of the soil or water, is not accessible to insects, does not cause odors, and is easy to use and maintain. This research aims to understand the behavior of the people of Rokan Koto Ruang Village in using healthy latrines. Based on the survey, access to healthy toilets reached 60% in the village. The method used was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design involving 101 randomly selected heads of families. The results show that knowledge, attitudes, income, and ownership of healthy toilets significantly affect healthy toilet use behavior. Still, support from health workers does not have a significant effect. Research recommendations suggest cross-sector collaboration to improve sanitation facilities and educate the public about the importance of using healthy latrines.
Keywords: Attitude, Behavior, Healthy Latrines, Knowledge, Utilization
Special issue: frontiers in recent advances on cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Westermark Bengt , Heldin Carl-Henrik 
Published: January 2025

‘Of all the processes that the student of pathology is privileged to study, none is as intriguing, fascinating, and perplexing as neoplasia.’

This statement, a quote from William Boyd’s Textbook of Pathology (1961), remains as thought-provoking today as when it was first written. Over the decades since Boyd penned these words, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the development of novel therapeutic approaches have advanced at a revolutionary pace. This special issue of UJMS on cancer exemplifies the remarkable progress in cancer research, reaffirming that Boyd’s perspective on the enigmatic nature of cancer endures.
Sistem Skala Kegunaan Untuk Meningkatkan Fitur User Pada Website Ryzenrekber Dengan Evaluasi Kemudahan Pengguna
Authors: Haqiem Alief Lukman , Nurdiawan Odi 
Published: January 2025

Website Ryzenrekber adalah platform yang digunakan untuk mendukung transaksi jual beli akun game online, termasuk PUBG Mobile. Keberhasilan website ini sangat bergantung pada tingkat kemudahan penggunaan (usability) dan kepuasan pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi usability website Ryzenrekber untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui pengembangan fitur yang lebih optimal. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS), yang merupakan instrumen standar untuk mengukur usability berdasarkan persepsi pengguna. Penelitian ini memaparkan pentingnya usability dalam mendukung keberhasilan transaksi online di platform seperti Ryzenrekber. Masalah yang ditemukan adalah kurang optimalnya beberapa fitur yang dapat menyebabkan pengalaman pengguna yang tidak memuaskan, seperti navigasi yang kompleks, kecepatan akses, dan efektivitas fitur pencarian. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan didapatkan 151 responden yang disebarkan kepada pengguna aktif website digrup telegram ryzenrekber. Responden diminta untuk memberikan penilaian terhadap 10 pernyataan dengan skala Likert 1-5, yang kemudian dianalisis dan dilakukan perhitungan untuk menghasilkan skor usability. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa website Ryzenrekber memperolehrata-rata skor SUS sebesar 69, yang berada di bawah ambang batas standar usability sebesar 70. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa evaluasi usability menggunakan metode SUS efektif untuk mengidentifikasi kekurangan website Ryzenrekber. Implementasi perbaikan yang didasarkan pada temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna dan keberhasilan transaksi di platform tersebut.

Kata kunci: Usability testing, Website, System Usability Scale
Antracycline Induced Early Onset Chronic Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Patients
Authors: Idrees Ibtisam , Ahmad Riaz , Nadeem Muhammad , Khan Amjad , Gilani Atifa , Khattak Rahimullah 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the patients for early onset chronic cardiotoxicity who have been taking anthracyclines as part of their cancer treatment.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Oncology department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: One hundred patients with solid or hematological malignancies taking anthracyclines for more than three months and less than a year were included in the study. They underwent 2 dimensional echocardiography by consultant cardiac physician to look for cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction less than 60%. Age, gender, duration of anthracyclines use and presence of comorbid illness were correlated with presence of early onset chronic cardiotoxicity in our study participants.
Results: Out of 100 cancer patients using anthracyclines for more than three months and less than 12 months included in the study, 55(55%) were males while 45(45%) were females. Sixty-nine (69%) had ejection fraction more than 60% on echocardio-graphy while 31(31%) had <60%. Chi-square test revealed that presence of comorbidities (type 2 DM/ Hypertension) had statistically significant association with presence of cardiotoxicity in our study (p-value 0.002).
Conclusion: Cardiotoxicity emerged as a significant adverse effect related to anthracycline use among patients suffering from various types of malignant conditions. Patients with preexisting medical conditions like diabetes or hypertension were more at risk of developing cardiotoxicity with these agents.
Effect of Physical Training on Oxygen Saturation at Very High Altitude in Young Males
Authors: Raza Syed Hassan , Satti Shahzeb Ahmed , Arshad Abdur Rehaman , Chaudry Azhar Ali , Imran Muhammad , Iftikhar Raheel 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the effect of physical training on oxygen saturation at very high altitude in young male individuals.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology PEMH Rawalpindi from Jun–Jul 2022.
Methodology: The study was done on 250 young individuals arriving at a height of 11,820 feet for the very first time. All individuals were made to stay at the same height for the study period of 28 days. Individuals were tasked to walk 100 meters daily at a steady pace to ensure physical activity. Oxygen saturation was measured, before and after walking 100 meters at a height of 11,820 feet on day 0, day 7, day 14 and day 28 respectively.
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 28.08±4.82 years. On day 0, post walk average oxygen saturation was 91.53±1.80%. After a stay of 28 days at a height of 11, 820 feet post walk average oxygen saturation increased to 92.24±2.18%.
Conclusion: The oxygen saturation of young individuals improved over a period of 28 days stay after physical training. Human body adapts to physical training at high altitude by undergoing a large number of physiological processes resulting in improved exercising capacity and increase in oxygen saturation over a period of time.
Co-Existence of Uterine Myomas and Endometriosis in Women Undergoing Myomectomy/Hysterectomy
Authors: Arwa Fatima  , Yazdani Tehreem , Zafar Bushra , Shafqat Hira 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of coexistence of myomas and endometriosis in patients undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Sep 2022 to Sep 2023.
Methodology: Seventy (70) patients undergoing above mentioned myomectomy/hysterectomy were visually examined for the presence of endometriosis. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used in SPSS-20 to determine the significance of the relationship between the two conditions. Categorical data were expressed as descriptive statistics through frequency percentile. Analysis of continuous variables was carried out through the one-way ANOVA. Results were considered significant at p≤0.05.
Results: In this study, 13 out of 70(18.57%) of the patients operated for myomectomy/ hysterectomy were found to have coexisting uterine myomas and endometriosis. Statistically non-significant (p=0.08) association between these two ailments was noted. Age, parity and body weight were not found to influence the existence or coexistence of these ailments. Pain was a significant finding 13(18.57%) in cases of endometriosis and coexisting uterine myomas (p=0.00). Abnormal uterine bleeding was found significantly (p=0.02) associated with uterine myomas 54(77.14%). Subfertility though a predominant feature was not found to have a significant association with both the conditions and their coexistence (p=0.35, p=0.34 & p=0.44).
Conclusion: A non-significant association between uterine myomas and endometriosis. Pain was a significant finding where the two diseases coexisted.
Pattern of Skin Diseases in Children Attending Dermatology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Habib Aamir , Aamir Reham Binte , Nazeer Hafsa , Ahmed Asfa , Ansari Mohsin Mehmood , Basra Arslan Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the pattern and frequency of skin disorders in children attending Dermatology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology Department, Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur, from Mar to Aug 2023.
Methodology: Three thousand eight hundred and eleven (3811) children reporting to dermatology outdoor department with skin diseases during the study period were included in this study. All cases were diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist. Data regarding patient age and sex was collected for each patient. Diseases were categorized into various groups depending on aetiology and cutaneous structure affected by the disease.
Results: The mean age of patients was 8.03+4.40 years. Most common diseases were infections (n=1607, 42.2%), followed by parasitic diseases (n=843, 22.1%), dermatitis and eczematous disorders (n=497, 13.0%) and inflammatory dermatoses (n=136(3.6%) in descending order of frequency. Together, these groups comprised 80.1% of total patients (n=3083). Infections and infestations were found in 64.3 % (n=2445).
Conclusion: Infections and infestations are the most commonly encountered disease groups. Scabies followed by pyodermas, dermatophytoses and atopic dermatitis were the four commonly encountered paediatric dermatoses in descending order of frequency, accounting for 54.3% of total number of paediatric patients.
Enhanced Recovery after Planned Gynaecological Surgery: A Study on Gut Motility and Hospital Stay
Authors: Saleem Uzma , Nadia Arif  
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gum in ameliorating post-operative ileus, reducing hospital stay and improving patient satisfaction after planned gynecological surgery.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Kharian, Pakistan from Aug 2022 to Mar 2024.
Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was conducted on a total of 400 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A had 243 patients while group-B had 157 patients. Patients in the group-A were made to start chewing gum 8 hours post surgery for 15 minutes thrice a day, whereas group-B did not chew any chewing gum. The outcome measures were time to first bowel sounds, passage of flatus, bowel opening, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, length of hospital stay and patient satisfaction.
Results: Mean age of patients in groups A and B was 44.0 and 40.0 years respectively. The median time to first audible gut sounds and passage of flatus in group-A were 19.0(17.0-22.0) and 24.0(23.0-28.0) hours versus 23.0(21.0-24.0) and 28.0(27.0-28.5) hours in group-B, p≤0.001. Mean time of first liquid intake and bowel opening in group-A was 28.0(28.0-31.0) and 40.0(37.0-42.0) hours as opposed 31.0 (30.0-42.0) and 44.0(42.0-48.0) hours in group-B, p≤0.001. Mean length of hospital stay in group-A and B was 44.0(42.0-46.0) and 52.0(47.0-56.0) hours with a p-value ≤0.001. There was significantly less nausea and improved patient satisfaction in group-A.
Conclusion: Gum chewing following surgery enhances post-operative Bowel function recovery, patient satisfaction and shortens hospital stay.
Comparison of Age, Gender, and Bacteria Isolated with Antibiotics Resistance Patterns on Urine Cultures
Authors: Amir Mumtaz , Malik Ahmed Hassaan , Saleem Muhammad Rehan 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare age, gender, and bacteria isolated from urine cultures with antibiotic resistance patterns.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgery and Pathology Department Combined Military Hospital, Bannu Pakistan, from Jan 2023 to Apr 2024.
Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-six patients aged 1 to 80 years with urinary tract infection symptoms were included. Patients having recurrent urinary tract infections, immunocompromised patients already taking antibiotics, and those with multiple co-morbid conditions were excluded. Urine cultures were evaluated, and the sensitivity/resistance pattern was compared with gender, age, and bacteria isolated in positive cases.
Results: Forty-six samples were culture positive (11.9%). Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism, obtained from 32 samples (69.6%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 8 samples (17.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae from 4(8.7%), Enterobacter from 1(2.2%) and Serratia liquefaciens from 1(2.2%) sample. Resistance to Ampicillin was found in 30 samples (88.2%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 24(85.7%), Ciprofloxacin 23(74.2%), Ceftriaxone 18(69.2%), Levofloxacin 10(66.7%), Co-trimoxazole 21 samples (65.6%), Cefepime 9(36%), Gentamicin 7(33.3%), Meropenem 10(27%), Piperacillin/Tazobactum 3(14.3%), Fosfomycin 4(13.8%), Amikacin 4(10.5%), and Nitrofurantoin 3 samples (7.5%) respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for gender, age, or type of bacteria with antibiotic sensitivity/resistance profiles (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Urinary tract bacteria resist most prescribed antibiotics, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Co-trimoxazole.
Challenges and Barriers Towards Medical Research Among Medicaland Dental Students of Public Sector Medical College
Authors: Omer Umme Ammarah , Abbasi Muhammad Ali , Razzaq Ayan-ur- , Qureshi Shaista Noor , Tiwana Madeeha , Zahid Khaula 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to identify challenges and attitudes of undergraduate medical students during research engagement and propose strategies to overcome them.
Study Design: The study is a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Medical and Dental departments of Army Medical College Rawalpindi. Duration of the research spanned from March 2023 to May 2023, following approval from the Ethical Review Committee of Army Medical College (ERC/ID/264 Dated: 03 March 2023).
Patients and Methods: A 29-item questionnaire for the quantitative cross-sectional study was adopted from another study and was further validated by a panel of 06 experts in the field of medical education and research. A pilot test was conducted to verify the construct of the adopted tool. A random sampling technique was employed to select the participants. The inclusion criteria were undergraduate medical students who have studied medical research modules. Non-respondents and unwilling participants fall under the exclusion criteria of the study. Analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, Version 26.
Results: Out of a total of 135 participants, 94.1% belonged to MBBS and 5.9% were in the BDS training program. Female turnover was 59.3% and male participants were 40.7%. Common barriers reported by the participants were “lack of information” (28.1% strongly agree, 38.1% agree
Conclusion: Despite barriers, a significant proportion of participants actively engaged in research, with high publication rates (81.5%) and recognition (76.3%). While the majority recognized the importance of medical research (88.1%),
The Spectrum of Malignant Tumours at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi
Authors: Khadim Muhammad Tahir , Parveen Bushra , Din Hafeez Ud , Ameer Amna , Arif Ayesha 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of malignant tumors seen in our practice and to provide a foundation for building a comprehensive cancer care strategy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Histopathology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 2009 to 2018.
Methodology: All malignant tumors reported from 2009-2018 were retrieved from our tumor registry. This data was analyzed for overall frequency gender distribution, age groups and type/site relationship. Present data was also compared with recent and previous such analyses done both nationally and worldwide, in similar settings and demographics.
Results: Total 37793 malignant tumors were diagnosed and registered. Out of this, 22077(58.4%) were males and 15716(41.5%) were females. The most common cancer reported was breast (14.3%) followed by urinary bladder (8.7%), oral (6.7%), lymph nodular (5.5%) and prostatic (5.3%). Malignant tumors in pediatric age group (0-14 years) were found to be 3.4%. Most malignancies were reported in 6th decade of life.
Conclusion: There was increase in the total number of the malignant tumors during 2009-2018, as compared to the previous 10 years’ data. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The five most common sites in male were urinary bladder, prostate, skin, lymph nodes and oral cavity and pharynx. Whereas in females these were breast, skin, oral cavity, female genital organs (ovary) and lymph nodes.
Albumin and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin based Testosterone Indices in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Khan Sikandar Hayat , Urooj Uzma , Quereshi Zeeshan Ali , Sarwar Urwa , Shahid Rahat , Noor Chaudhry Qamar Ul Haq 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate total testosterone, “Free Androgen Index”, calculated free testosterone, % free testosterone, calculated bioavailable testosterone, and % testosterone as a possible biomarker to predict presence of Polycystic ovarian syndrome as per Rotterdam criteria.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Jul 2020.
Methodology: A total of 328 female subjects were included in the study, which included 166 subjects with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 162 without polycystic ovarian syndrome as per Rotterdam criteria. Various albumin and sex hormone binding globulin-based androgen measures, including calculated free testosterone and calculated bioavailable testosterone, and only the included measure Free Androgen Index were calculated. These various measures were evaluated between polycystic ovarian syndrome and non-polycystic ovarian syndrome. Following that, receiver operating curve analysis was carried out to see area under curve for various androgen excess parameters to measure the diagnostic performance of each measure for diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Results: Almost all androgen excess measures demonstrated significant differences between subjects with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Area under curve as measured by receiver operator curve analysis shows highest area under curve for as: Bioavailable testosterone =0.792[95% CI: 0.743-0.842], Free testosterone =0.791[95% CI: 0.743-0.842], Free Androgen Index =0.782[95% CI: 0.731-0.833], Total testosterone =0.748[95% CI: 0.696-0.800], %Bioavailable testosterone =0.675[95% CI: 0.619-0.734], % Free testosterone =0.671[95% CI: 0.612-0.729], and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin =0.337[95% CI: 0.0.78-395].
Conclusion: Free testosterone followed by Bioavailable testosterone and Free Androgen Index, have demonstrated higher Area Under Curve ....
Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients undergoing Emergency Intracranial Endovascular Therapy for Acute Stroke
Authors: Nofal Sabih , Shiraz Atif , Liaquat Jahanzeb , Akhtar Sohail , Abbas Ghulam , Slehriya Atiq Ur Rehman 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the outcomes of concurrent carotid artery stenting in patients undergoing emergency intravascular management for acute stroke.
Study Design: Case Series Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Interventional Radiology, Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2020 to Mar 2021.
Methodology: The study involved recruitment of patients undergoing emergency intracranial vascular intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke, with concurrent ipsilateral carotid stenosis. Thrombus aspiration from the intracranial vessels was done with help of SOFIA Catheter. Following the confirmation of successful cerebral revascularization, the carotid lesion was stented using an appropriately sized stent. All patients were closely monitored for one year to assess any morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Results: A total of 11 patients were included in this study out of which 8(72.7%) were male and 3(27.3%) were female. Mean age was 63.73+10.56 years. Hypertension was the most common co-morbid disease, 9(81.8%). The stenosis ranged from 58 - 94%. The residual stenosis after stenting was 11 – 40 %. Per-operatively, 2 patients (18.2%) had Cerebral Hyperperfusion and 1 (9.1%) had asymptomatic stent thrombosis. In terms of complications, there were a total of three (27.3%) CVA events in the study population at 1 years follow up. Two patients recovered and there was 1(9.1%) mortality.
Conclusions: The initial experience in management of tandem stenosis of the carotid artery by stenting while performing thrombectomy of ipsilateral ischemic stroke has shown encouraging results.