bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage C neuro-HIV revealed by head tremor: a case study with review of the literature
Authors: Aballa L. , Louhab N. , Kissani N. 
Published: February 2022

The neurological manifestations of HIV infection are very numerous and varied. In 2018, in Morocco, 30% of seropositive subjects are unaware of their infection. Our patient was one of them. Observation: Authors report the case of a 28-year-old woman, widowed at the age of 20 after a traffic accident. In 2009, she moved to Senegal with the onset of chronic consumption of tobacco and alcohol and unprotected sexual relations with multiple partners. The patient was admitted to our training for an insidious symptomatology going back a year, marked by tremor of the head, improved by the alcohol intake, in a context of weight loss not quantified. The examination objectified a statokinetic cerebellar syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not show any atrophy or cerebellar damage. The main diagnoses discussed were: sequelae of viral cerebellitis, neurological complications of alcohol intoxication and essential tremor. The complete blood count demonstrated lymphopenia at 660 µL. The HIV and CMV serologies came back positive. Universal meningeal PCR returned VZV. The diagnosis of cerebellar VZV on AIDS was retained. The patient was initially put on Ganciclovir with marked regression of the tremors then on triple therapy after announcement of the diagnosis. Conclusion: The VZV is the 2nd cause of viral cerebrellitis after the West Nile virus. It can be seen in both the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised. The absence of a concomitant rash is not an exclusion criterion. However, its presence makes diagnostic suspicion easier.
Keywords: head tremor, cerebellitis, HIV, VZV, alcohol, essential tremor.
Impact of caffeine at the A2A receptors of olfactory bulb, brainstem and striatum of rotenone rat model of Parkinson disease.
Authors: Babatunde Bamidele Richard , Shallie Philemon Dauda 
Published: February 2022

Parkinson disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease and presently the fastest growing neurological disorder globally, yet there has not been a known cure and there has been various lapses in the management therapy. Hence this study was aimed at evaluating the impact of caffeine at the A2A receptors of olfactory bulb, brainstem and striatum of rotenone rat model of Parkinson disease.
About 55 male Adult Wistar Rats were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each with the exception of group B having 15 rats (10 rats for motor PD and 5 rats for premotor PD): Grp A (vehicle; feed + ethanol), Grp B (rotenone 3mg/kg, i.p), Grp C (caffeine 30mg/kg, i.p + rotenone 3mg/kg, i.p), Grp D (rotenone 3mg/kg, i.p + caffeine 30mg/kg, i.p), Grp E (caffeine 30mg/kg, i.p). The animals were subjected to various neurobehavioral protocols, the brains were excised, weighed, appropriate sections taken and processed histologically. The photomicrographs, Morphometric and Statistical analysis were done using Omax led digital Microscope, Image J Software and Graph Pad Prism (7) respectively.
The results showed a significant decrease in body weight (P<0.05), M/T cells count, neuronal fibres count, increase in level of anxiety (P<0.001), motor deficit, olfactory dysfunction, distortion and degeneration in histopathological presentations in rotenone treated groups, all of these were abrogated/reverse with caffeine treatment. This study was able to establish the therapeutic candidature of caffeine acting as the A2A receptor antagonist to ameliorate the various pathological lesions caused by rotenone administration.
Keywords: Parkinson disease, Rotenone, Caffeine, A2A receptors, Brainstem, Olfactory Bulb.
Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: About 7 cases
Authors: ELHAIRECH Dahmane , KANAZY Saloua , LMEJJATI Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

This study is about 9 cases of intramedullary spinal cord tumors managed in Neurosurgery Department of UHC AGADIR. There is no sexe predominance and the mean age was 30,8 years. The clinical symptoms is dominated by a spinal cord compression syndrome. All patients underwent spinal MRI. All the patients underwent surgical treatment with total removal in 4 cases, subtotal in 2 cases, and only a biopsy in 1 cases. Histologic examination showed 4 cases of ependymomas, 2 cases of astrocytomas and 1 case of hemangioblastoma. Adjuvant treatment has been administrated in 2 patients. The evolution was good in 4 patients (57,14%) and worsening in 14,28% of the cases.
Keywords : intramedullary tumors, ependymomas, astrocytomas, hemangioblastomas, surgery
Chronic exposure to metam sodium causes cognitive impairment in adult mice: evidence of hippocampal neuroinflammation
Authors: Kaikai Nour-eddine , Ba-M’hamed Saadia , Ghanima Abderrazzak , Bennis Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Neuroinflammation is a significant pathological feature contributing to cognitive deficits that can arise from exposure to environmental toxicants such as pesticides. Metam sodium (MS) is one of the emergent pesticides largely used in the agriculture and public health sectors. In the present study, we verified whether exposure to this compound would affect cognitive performance, and induce neuroinflammation as an underlying mechanism. In this context, mice received chronic treatment with different doses of MS and were submitted to novel object recognition and step-through passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal regions from treated animals underwent an immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 as markers of astrocytes and microglia respectively. The main findings showed that chronic exposure to MS resulted in a decrease in the ratio of time spent beside the novel object and strep-through latency indicating alterations in recognition memory as well as short- and long-term memory respectively. Moreover, treated animals exhibited a significant rise in immunostaining of neuroinflammatory markers GFAP and Iba-1 in the dentate gyrus as well as in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The present work demonstrates that MS diminished cognitive performance in tasks relying on hippocampal-dependent memory closely associated with high expression of neuroinflammatory markers.
Keywords: Metam sodium; cognitive performance; neuroinflammation; hippocampus; GFAP; Iba-1.
Validation of X-Ray Spectra in screening mammography simulated with Monte Carlo
Authors: Talbi Mohammed , El Mansouri M'hamed , Oustous Aziz , Nhila Oussama , Sebihi Rajaa , Khalis Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Background: Screening mammography is the examination of reference in the fight against breast cancer because of its sensitivity in detecting microlesions. Thus, it is crucial to ensure a good quality examination with the most suitable dose, requirements will depend on the choice of exposure parameters (anode/filter, tube voltage and current) and the acquisition procedures. To optimize practices, we must understand the relationship between breast dose and image quality. This can be reached by knowing the X-ray energy spectra. This study aims to generate spectra of a mammographic x-ray tube, using two types of targets, Mo and Rh by MONTE CARLO simulation using Gate code (GEANT4).
Methods: To predict the X-ray spectra for the Mo/Mo and Rh/Rh target/filter of the screening mammography tube; Monte Carlo modelization has been carried out using the GATE code (GEANT4), the generated spectra are validated by comparing them with those of the IPEM report 78.
Results: The curves of the spectra obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation have been normalized for a reliable comparison. The evaluation of these curves has been performed using a statistical analysis with the student’s t-test. The results show that the energy spectra of the GATE code are in agreement with those produced by the IPEM 78 report, no statistically significant differences have been observed between the IPEM and simulated spectra (p<.05), even though there are slight differences between them, especially in the characteristic intensity of the K-beam and in the low-energy range.
Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation is a reliable method for generating mammography spectra and can be used as a tool for optimizing acquisition parameters.
Keywords: Mammography, Screening, X-ray spectra, Gate, Monte Carlo Simulation, GEANT4, IPEM Report 78, Analysis, Molybdenum, Rhodium
Post-traumatic pituitary impairment in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: El GHIYATI Warda , GHANNIMA Abderraazzak , ABOUELHASSANE Taoufik 
Published: February 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability for the young adult population. The total annual incidence of hospitalized TBIs depends on the region, periods and measurement methods. In fact, each year, nearly 69 million people suffer head injuries, which represents a worldwide incidence of 939 cases per 100,000 people for all causes and severities., Each year, 55.9 million people (740 cases per 100,000 people) suffer from mild traumatic brain injury, while severe cases on the other hand represent 5.48 million cases (73 cases per 100,000 people). Post-traumatic pituitary impairment is a complication that can often occur in association with a TBI. Its actual prevalence remains difficult to assess because the published studies are heterogenous and also because of the difficulty to interpret the results of hormone tests in this specific population. The epidemiological study of head trauma patients makes it possible to measure the quantitative aspect in terms of incidence, to establish a screening of the situation in a vital emergency department (VED), to identify the risk factors to better target preventive actions, and to study the short-term and long-term hormonal changes in this population.
Our study is a retrospective analysis of a series of 399 head trauma patients admitted to the VED between January 2017 and December 2020 and will initially focus on describing the epidemiological profile of this population.
Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Post-traumatic pituitary impairment, epidemiology.
Molecular study of infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Maarouf Fatima , Tazzite Amal , Dehbi Hind 
Published: February 2022

Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by a degeneration of the motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord leading to a progressive paralysis of the limbs and trunk with muscle atrophy. 95% of cases are due to exon 7 deletions in the SMN gene. The aim of this work is to determine the frequency of the exon 7 deletion in the SMN1 gene in congenital hypotonia of unknown cause in some Moroccan patients.
The exon 7 deletion of the SMN1 gene was investigated in 29 unrelated Moroccan infants. These patients were referred to the genetic consultation for congenital hypotonia during the period from June 2013 to June 2021. The identification of exon 7 deletion was performed using PCR-RFLP. Homozygous deletion was found in 15 infants (52%) while 14 patients had negative results. On the other hand, deletions of NAIP gene and exon 8 of the SMN gene are in progress.
The 5q13 region (SMA locus) is composed of two 500 kb elements, duplicated and inverted, each element containing one copy of the SMN gene, one copy of the NAIP gene and one copy of the p44 gene. Deletions of exon 7 of the SMN1 gene cause the accumulation of the abnormal SMN protein and consequently its absence in axonal extensions. Thereby, the identification of this mutation remains important in infants with congenital hypotonia without obvious cause. This easy genetic test should be systematically proposed after a well-established genetic counseling.
Keywords: SMN, SMA, Congenital hypotonia, NAIP.
Neurological manifestations in Patau syndrome
Authors: Maarouf Fatima , Bouzroud Wafaa , Tazzite Amal , Dehbi Hind 
Published: February 2022

Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13) is a chromosomal abnormality due to the presence of an extra chromosome 13. It is a polymalformative syndrome characterized by the association of several cerebral malformations such as holoprosencephaly, facial dysmorphy, ocular anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, visceral malformations and a very severe psychomotor delay. This work aims to highlight the neurological problems associated with Patau syndrome.
We report the case of an 8-month-old female infant. She presents ocular cataract, posterior cleft palate and post axial polydactyly. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan were normal. The orbital ultrasonography showed bilateral congenital cataract and bilateral temporal cristalo-postoral vitreous band. The electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a total disorganization of the background activity with a chaotic, anarchic aspect, replaced by diffuse, bilateral, synchronous discharges of hypsarrhythmic type and the Doppler echocardiography showed an AIC ostium secundum of 6 mm. The constitutional karyotype showed a free and homogeneous trisomy 13 (47,XX,+13). Patau syndrome is defined by a triad: microphthalmia/anophthalmia, cleft lip and palate, and postaxial polydactyly. Confirmation is obtained by cytogenetic testing. The malformations affect midline development including the nervous system such as corpus callosum anomalies, ventriculomegaly, neural tube defects, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, cerebellar dysplasia, olfactory aplasia, and cortical dysplasia. The neurological presentation is severe: hypotonia, hyporeactivity and epilepsy. Nonspecific EEGs have been reported, including diffuse epileptic discharges, focal slowing, spike-wave/polypoint-wave complexes and a predominant theta rhythm. Patients with Patau syndrome may have brain malformations with an increased risk of seizures and variable treatment response. The genetic counseling is important to assist family members.
Keywords: Trisomy 13, Patau syndrome, cerebral malformations, hypsarrhythmia, seizures.
Clinical exome sequencing identifies a novel variant in SCN1A gene in a Moroccan patient with Dravet syndrome
Authors: Boussakri Ikhlass , Benittou Afaf , Tazzite Amal , Dehbi Hind 
Published: February 2022

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare genetic epilepsy syndrome inherited by an autosomal dominant manner. It’s characterized by occurrence of protracted febrile seizures (FS) followed by development of multiple seizure types and psychomotor retardation. Early DS diagnosis in a child with FS facilitate institution of appropriate treatment. In clinical practice, Exome-Sequencing (ES) become a powerful approach for molecular diagnosis in genetic epilepsies.
A 3-year-old Moroccan girl, born to non-consanguineous parents, was diagnosed with DS. The FS (10-15min) began in the first year of life (10months) followed by fever (40°C) and sleep problems. MRI, EEG and psychomotor development were normal. Positive family history of FS was reported in the father. The focal myoclonic seizures developed during the second-year were prolonged, repeated and resistant to treatments. ES has shown a novel heterozygous missense variant [c.4265A>T (p. Tyr1422Phe)] in exon 21 of SCN1A gene that encodes the type-1-subunit of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel which regulate neuronal excitability. This variant has been predicted to be probably damaging by in-silico analysis. Genetic counselling is recommended for all families with SCN1A mutation. More analyses are needed to identify the phenotypic features of this novel variant in order to establish an effective care management.
Keywords: Dravet syndrome, Exome sequencing, SCN1A, Moroccan patient.
Neuroscience research in Morocco and Africa
Authors: Errahmany A , Qorchi H. , Chraa M. , Louhab N. , Kissani N 
Published: February 2022

Introduction : Even if neuroscience research was established in sub-Saharan Africa from the twentieth century, Moroccan and African neurosciences still need continued international support and African engagement to address regional needs unique to Africa.
The objective of this work is to analyze the current state and level of development of neuroscience research in Morocco and Africa.
Methods : This is a review of the literature. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar for neuroscience-related studies conducted on Moroccan and African subjects over the past two decades. The search terms used were "Neuroscience" OR "Nervous System" OR "Brain" OR "Neuron" OR "Spinal Cord".
Results : Neuroscience production in Africa since 1997 has been dominated by a handful of countries : Egypt (28%), South Africa (23%), Nigeria (11%), Morocco (8%) and Tunisia (7%). Nonetheless, over the past two decades, the number of neuroscience publications published each year has grown exponentially in all major geopolitical regions of Africa (North, West, East, Central and Southern Africa).
Conclusion : Several approaches are proposed to improve research in neuroscience : Set up training programs in neuroscience, Provide a research infrastructure, offer platforms allowing meetings, interactions and collaboration between African scientists.
Keywords: Research, Neuroscience, Africa, Morocco
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SD NEGERI DOMBO 1
Authors: REJO REJO 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to describes about the implementation of character education in learning and to know the supporting factors and restricting factor in the implementation of character education in learning in SD Negeri Dombo 1 Sayung, Demak. This research employed a qualitative approach with a single case study. Data were collected by using indepth interviews, observation, documentation, and finally data were analized by qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the implementation of character education in schools is carried out in an integrated manner in all subjects, in extracurricular activities, and the activities of habituation. The results of this study are expected to be useful for educators and education personnel to make innovations in order to improve the quality of learning associated with the formation of students character.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran serta mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran di SD Negeri Dombo 1 Syung, Demak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus tunggal. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi, dan data dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, implementasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah tersebut dilaksanakan secara terintegrasi dalam semua mata pelajaran, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan kegiatan pembiasaan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi para pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan untuk melakukan inovasi dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran yang terkait dengan pembentukan karakter siswa.
SIMULADOR DE PROCESOS EN WONDERWARE INTOUCH PARA VALIDAR LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE FILTRADO DE FOSFATO BICÁLCICO
Authors: PALOMARES ORIHUELA RICARDO JOHN , Yanac Huamán David Josue 
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación consistió en el diseño e implementación de un simulador de procesos utilizando el software scada Wonderware Intouch para validar la Ingeniería de Detalle y modelar las secuencias lógicas de los procesos industriales, que permitió aceptar las secuencias de automatización de un Sistema de filtrado de sólidos para el secado de fosfato bicálcico. La investigación se realizó en 4 etapas: la primera etapa consistió en la verificación documentaria de los diagramas P&ID y su conformidad con las normas ISA, la segunda etapa consistió en esquematizar los diagramas P&ID en el simulador utilizando el software scada Wonderware Intouch, la tercera etapa consistió en hacer pruebas de forma animada en el simulador de las secuencias automatizadas indicadas en los documentos de filosofía de control, interlock’s y enclavamientos. La cuarta etapa consistió el pre-comisionamiento, comisionamiento y puesta en marcha de los equipos de campo. Las pruebas realizadas se llevaron a cabo durante la segunda y tercera etapa del proyecto, cada documento referido a la automatización en la Ingeniería de Detalle se validó en el simulador y como resultado se obtuvieron observaciones para ser emitidas a la empresa integradora extranjera responsable de la Ingeniería de Detalle a fin de ser corregida. En consecuencia, el sistema de filtrado de sólidos se puso en operación sin demoras y sin observaciones en la puesta en marcha de la automatización, logrando integrar el nuevo sistema durante una parada de planta de 8 horas, tiempo inferior a lo estimado de 24 horas.
Efectos Positivos Del Uso De Tecnologías Biométricas Para El Control De Acceso En Las Universidades
Authors: Guevara Aredo Luis Antonio 
Published: February 2022

La evolución del uso de los indicadores biométricos para el control de acceso a entornos con equipos e información sensible en conjunto con la actual irrupción de componentes electrónicos y digitales, ha tenido un mayor crecimiento en los últimos años. La presente revisión sistemática abarca el análisis de los efectos positivos que produce el uso de dichos indicadores adheridos a hardware y software, centrando la investigación en el estado actual tanto de universidades a nivel nacional como internacional en técnicas de autenticación, verificación y reconocimiento de usuarios en el campo de la biometría.
En este contexto, responderemos a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué efectos positivos conlleva la implementación de tecnologías biométricas para el control de acceso en las universidades? Por lo mismo, se hace necesario centrar como objeto de esta investigación, el impacto que generan las tecnologías biométricas en instituciones de educación superior a partir de la revisión de bases de datos académicas de los últimos 5 años.
Posterior a la revisión sistemática, se logró identificar que los más importantes efectos positivos de las tecnologías biométricas en las universidades son en su mayoría orientadas a la seguridad y fiabilidad tanto de los datos como del entorno, y también, a optimizar el tiempo de desarrollo de los diversos procesos que, a su vez conlleva a un ahorro de tiempo y costos posterior a la aplicación de cualquier sistema con tecnologías biométricas.
نموذج تطبيقي لنظام شامل لتقويم الأداء الوظيفي : مصمم لحالة الخدمة المدنية في السودان
Authors: حمد عبد الرحمن حمد البيلي 
Published: February 2022

نموذج تطبيقي لنظام شامل لتقويم الأداء الوظيفي : مصمم لحالة الخدمة المدنية في السودان
This research aims at building a complete comprehensive applicable system, so it can be easy to apply for the civil service positions in the Sudan.
The performance appraisal system is considered as one of the compfexed administrative systems, that is because of the connected relationship between this system and the other administrative systems..
and also because of its several views it contains.
The Findings of the research treat the following contains of the performance appraisal system: 1-The standards of the performance reports.
2-The purposes of the performance appraisal.
3-The References for the performance report writers.
4-The right of the laborer to complain because of suffering injustice.
5-The procedure of the performance appraisal.
6-There are committees to check the performance appraisal written by the direct bosses.
7-The researcher designed eight forms as model reports for the performance appraisal to all civil service positions in Sudan.Each form is for each similar positions.
And each form includes the important scientific stipulations which help the bosses to do justice in the reports of the performance appraisal.
8-Set up conditions in the system, which can lead to perfection and fairness in the performance appraisal