bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wayfinding artificial intelligence to detect uncertain spots of OCT image in retinal diseases
Authors: Sakamoto Taiji , Shiihara Hideki , Sonoda Shozo , Terasaki Hiroto , Fujiwara Kazuki , Funatsu Ryoh , Shiba Ryosuke , Kumagai Yoshiki , Honda Naoto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to identify spots with uncertain retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT). SD-OCT B-scan images were classified into 189 normal and 111 disease-affected images. They were automatically segmented using a boundary layer detection model using deep learning. During segmentation, the AI ​​model calculated the probability of the boundary surface of the layer for each A-scan. If this probability distribution is not biased toward one point, the layer detection is uncertain. This uncertainty was calculated by entropy and a value, referred to as the uncertainty index (UI), was calculated for each OCT image. The ability of the UI in classifying normal and disease images and the presence or absence of abnormalities in each layer of the retina were evaluated by area under curve (AUC). A heatmap that changes color according to the UI value was created. The UI of normal and disease-affected images (mean ± SD) were 1.76 ± 0.10 and 2.06 ± 0.22, respectively, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). The AUC for the classification of normal and disease-affected images using UI was 0.93. The AUCs for the presence of abnormalities in each layer of the retina were: ILM: 0.588, NFL/GCL: 0.902, IPL/INL: 0.920, OPL/ONL: 0.882, EZ: 0.926, RPE/BM: 0.866. Our algorithm was able to identify retinal structural abnormalities on OCT with high accuracy, which may provide a basis for the diagnostic process as a new wayfinding AI method.
Neighbourhood environment and socioeconomic inequalities in cancer admissions: a prospective study using UK Biobank and linked administrative records
Authors: Mason Kate E. , Pearce Neil , Cummins Steven 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Neighbourhood environments may influence cancer risk. Average population effect estimates might mask differential effects by socioeconomic position. Improving neighbourhood environments could inadvertently widen health inequalities if important differences are overlooked. Methods: Using linked records of hospital admissions in UK Biobank, we assessed associations between admission with a primary diagnosis of cancer (any/breast/colorectal), and exposure to neighbourhood greenspace, physical activity facilities, and takeaway food stores, and whether household income and area deprivation modify these associations. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, and estimated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) to assess effect modification. Results: Associations between neighbourhood exposures and cancer-related hospitalisations were weak to null overall, but with some evidence of effect modification. Most notably, more greenspace near home was associated with 16% lower hazard of cancer-related hospital admission in deprived areas (95%CI: 2%-29%). This was further pronounced for people in low-income households in deprived areas, and for breast cancer. Conclusions: In deprived neighbourhoods, increasing the amount of greenspace may help reduce cancer-related hospitalisations. Examining effect modification by multiple socioeconomic indicators can yield greater insight into how social and environmental factors interact to influence cancer incidence. This may help avoid perpetuating cancer inequalities when designing neighbourhood environment interventions.
Management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a third-level pediatric surgical center.
Authors: Spezzotto Giovanna , Boscarelli Alessandro , Giangreco Manuela , Ceschiutti Giulia , Codrich Daniela , Scarpa Maria-Grazia , Iaquinto Marianna , Olenik Damiana , Guida Edoardo , Schleef Jurgen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in pediatrics remains controversial. Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is based on evidence from adult patients. The aim of this study was to investigate difference in the length of stay (LOS) between various treatment options, the risk of recurrence after non-surgical treatment versus surgery, and the role of computed tomography (CT) in the management of PSP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients admitted to our Pediatric Surgery Unit for an episode of PSP between June 2009 and July 2020. Medical records including clinical presentation at admission, diagnostics, treatments, complications, and LOS were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (22 males and 1 female) were included in this study. Median age was 15.65 (range 9–18). Chest X-rays were performed in all patients and showed 5 small (22%) and 18 large (78%) PSP. Eleven patients (48%) were managed non-operatively with observation alone and a recurrence rate of 18%, chest drain was used in 11 patients with a recurrence rate of 36%, and surgery was deemed necessary as a first treatment choice in one case. Notably, surgery resulted in a longer LOS than other types of treatment (P = .001). Six patients (27%) had an episode of relapse after non-operative management or chest drain placement. Following surgery, a relapse occurred in 2 of the 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, small PSP or clinically stable larger PSP can be treated conservatively with observation alone. Operative management should be taken into consideration in children with large symptomatic PSP, persistent air leak, and/or relapse after chest drain insertion.
Treatment for non-type 1 retinopathy of prematurity by intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Yang Xin , Zheng Fangfang , Yin Xiangke , Wan Suhua , Xu Yingying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To explore clinical characteristics and treatment reasons for intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs in the treatment of non-type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A retrospective study was conducted to screen the non-type 1 ROP from the collected ROP patients who received intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs in Henan Eye Hospital from September 2018 to June 2021. A total of 138 ROP cases (262 eyes) were included in this study, including 39 cases (28.3%) 65 eyes (24.8%) were the non-type 1 ROP. Compared with the type 1 ROP group, the non-type 1 ROP group had slightly later treatment time (41.1±8.9 weeks vs 38.6±5.5 weeks, P<0.05) and a higher proportion of fusion protein drugs(87.2% vs 54.5%, P<0.05). After intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs, 27 eyes (41.5%) were cured and 38 eyes (58.5%) were improved in the non-type 1 ROP group, without recurrence and aggravation cases. There were more lesions in zone II (63 eyes, 96.9%), stage 2 (41 eyes, 63.1%) and stage 3 (22 eyes, 33.8%), and 58 eyes (89.2%) showed pre-plus in the non-type 1 ROP group. Treatment reasons included pre-plus in 58 eyes (89.2%), ridge changes in 22 eyes (33.8%), simultaneous treatment of the contralateral eye in 9 eyes (13.8%), no regression of lesions in persistent stage 2 or 3 over 44 weeks of follow-up in 8 eyes (12.3%), and logistical considerations in 4 eyes (6.2%). Considering some peculiar clinical characteristic, personalized treatment by intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs may be necessary for some non-type 1 ROP in critical conditions.
Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses identify the intersection genes and mechanism of Huangbai for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: lai yingtao , tang lulu , lu shuting , ou weiwei , huang ling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are complex inflammatory diseases caused by multi-factors, which severely impact patient quality of life. However, there is still no effective treatment methods for RAS without side effects. Traditionally, Cortex Phellodendri has been known as “Huang Bai” for the treatment of gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Since “Huang Bai” is herb with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions. Our study aimed to explore the common genes and underlying mechanisms in “Huang Bai” for the treatment of RAS.Methods: Network pharmacology methods and bioinformatics analyses were utilized by incorporating target searching and fishing. Network analysis and silico validation were used to discover the pharmacological mechanisms of “Huang Bai” for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Results: Based on filtering criteria, 25 active ingredients in HB, 200 drug targets, and 578 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RAS and normal samples were obtained. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response was the most significantly enriched term within the DEGs. The KEGG pathway analysis identified 60 significant pathways, most of which involved in the inhibition of inflammation and regulation of immunological response. The functions are dependent on a multi-pathway, particularly the TNF signaling pathway and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. We identified six hub genes in the PPI network, most of which were validated as highly expressed in oral ulcers by DiseaseMeth databases. In addition, molecular docking displayed that the primary molecule combined well with the key targets. Conclusions: This study reflects the multi-component multi-target multi-pathway action characteristics of HB. Our study provides potential biomarkers or treatment targets for further research.
Anaerobic Spondylodiscitis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chen Chien-Ting , Wu Meng-Huang , Huang Tsung-Yu , Li Yen-Yao , Huang Tsung-Jen , Lee Chien-Yin , Lin Che-Han , Lee Ching-Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background This retrospective study analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with anaerobic spondylodiscitis. MethodsFrom a total of 382 patients with infectious spondylodiscitis, nine patients (2.4%; two male and seven female with an average age of 67 years) with anaerobic spondylodiscitis between March 2003 and March 2017 were analyzed. ResultsMost of the patients (77.8%) initially presented with afebrile back pain. Hematogenous spread occurred in seven patients and postoperative infection in two patients. Bacteroid fragilis was the most common pathogen isolated from three patients. Atypical radiographic characteristics, including a vertebral fracture with the preservation of disk height or pathological spondylolisthesis, occurred in four patients with hematogenous anaerobic spondylodiscitis. The eradication rate of anaerobic infection was significantly higher in the patients with hematogenous infection than in those with postoperative infection (100% vs. 0%, p = 0.0476). Anaerobic spondylodiscitis accounted for 2.4% of cases of infectious spondylodiscitis and predominantly affected the female patients. ConclusionsDiagnostic delay may occur because of atypical spinal radiographs if the patient reports only back pain but no fever. Anaerobic infection following elective spinal instrumentation has a higher recurrence rate.
Insolvency resolution and doing business reforms in BRICS Nations: A comparative study
Authors: Chawla Neelam , Kumar Basanta , Patel Gokulananda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes the factors responsible for the efficacy of resolving insolvency issues, influencing the ease of doing business (EoDB) ranking in the BRICS (Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa) nations' context, focusing on India. Besides, the study examines the legal framework and judicial decisions on insolvency resolution that boost stakeholders' confidence and improve the business environment. We applied descriptive statistics, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) to analyze and interpret the findings. The key results show that insolvency resolution has been one of the priorities of the governments of Brazil, Russia, and China for almost a decade. Resolving insolvency is the prime factor responsible for India's rank improvement, whereas it is not a priority for South Africa. The AHP calculations prove the Indian government's commitment to insolvency resolution, syncing with experts' opinions. Future EoDB studies concerning other nations may employ the AHP techniques, bringing new results.. The findings add value to the knowledge base on insolvency resolution, contributing to the EoDB ranking vis-a-vis the business environment and providing a broader implication for further research.
The root characteristics promoted higher water use efficiency and stronger drought tolerance in invasive Compositae plants
Authors: li wenrao , Wang Luwei , Qian Shufan , He Mengyue , Cai Xiaojie , Ding Jianqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Root traits affect the response of invasive plants to drought. Understanding the differences in root traits between native and invasive plants could therefore help improve our understanding of invasive plant performance under changing water conditions. ﻿Methods Root morphological and physiological traits as well as water use parameters associated with water use efficiency were compared in soil-cultured native and invasive Compositae plants under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Seedlings of five invasive and five genetically-related native species were examined via paired-methods. Results Under drought stress, compared with the native plants, invasive plants had a more positive root and leaf water potential, longer fine root length (diameter ≤ 0.5 mm), larger specific root length and lower water consumption. Especially, invasive plants maintained a higher biomass, higher instantaneous and biomass water use efficiencies than the native plants, although drought inhibited all plants growth and invasive plants had similar root hydraulic conductivity with native plants. Changes in water use efficiency in the invasive plants were mainly regulated by the fine root length (diameter ≤ 1 mm), specific root length, and root water potential; however, in native plants, only the fine root length (diameter ≤ 1 mm) had an effect, regardless of the water conditions. Conclusion Together, a more positive root water potential, and longer and thinner fine roots (diameter ≤ 1 mm) are associated with improvements in water use efficiency and drought tolerance in invasive plants, suggesting that physiological and morphological root characteristics play an important role in the success of plant invasion.
A Deep Learning Approach for Predicting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective, Multicentre Study
Authors: Zhao Litao , Bao Jie , Qiao Xiaomeng , Jin Pengfei , Ji Yanting , Li Zhenkai , Zhang Ji , Su Yueting , Ji Libiao , Shen Junkang , Zhang Yueyue , Niu Lei , Xie Wanfang , Hu Chunhong , Shen Hailin , Wang Ximing , Liu Jiangang , Tian Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To construct deep learning (DL) models based on multicentre biparametric MRI (bpMRI) for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and compare the performance of these models with that of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessment of expert-level radiologists based on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).Methods: This study included 1861 consecutive men with mpMRI from seven hospitals, who underwent radical prostatectomy or biopsy. These patients were divided into training cohort (3 hospitals, 1216 patients) and external validation cohorts (4 hospitals, 645 patients). PI-RADS assessment was performed by expert-level radiologists. The DL models were constructed for the classifications between benign and malignant lesions (DL-BM), and between csPCa and non-csPCa (DL-CS). The integrated model combining a DL-CS model and PI-RADS (PIDL-CS) was constructed. The performance of the deep learning models and PIDL-CS were compared with those of PI-RADS.Results: In each external validation cohort, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of DL-BM and DL-CS models were not significantly different from that of PI-RADS (Ps > 0.05), whereas the AUC of PIDL-CS was superior to that of PI-RADS (Ps < 0.05) except one external validation cohort (P > 0.05). The specificity of the PIDL-CS for the detection of csPCa was much more than that of PI-RADS (Ps < 0.05).Conclusion: Our proposed DL model can be a potential non-invasive auxiliary tool to predict csPCa. Further, PIDL-CS greatly increased the specificity in the detection of csPCa compared with PI-RADS assessment of expert-level radiologists, greatly reducing the unnecessary biopsies and helping radiologists achieve a precise diagnosis of csPCa.
Analysis of promoter methylation in IGFBP3 and TWIST1 gene for early detection of colorectal tumors in stool of patients
Authors: Navaz Abdolreza Mehdi , Shalmashi Hooman , Safaei Sahar , Zarredar Habib , Kermani Touraj Asvadi , Hashemzadeh Shahryar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relative level of methylation of this gene in stool samples of colorectal cancer patients.Methods: In present study, stool samples were collected from 40 colorectal cancer patients and 40 healthy controls. After collecting the DNA of the samples, the extracts were treated by sulfite method and the methylation of the target site was evaluated by met-HRM method. Differences in methylation level of the two groups were evaluated by appropriate statistical tests. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The relative methylation rate of the studied genes (IGFBP3 and TWIST1) in the stool samples was lower than that of the healthy groups and this difference was significant in the confidence interval (P< 0.0001 and P< 0.0025, respectively). Meanwhile, this genes has no significant association with clinical findings Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the IGFBP3 and TWIST1 methylation could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. However, it is better to do more studies on the level of protein.
A novel authentication scheme for group based communication for IoT oriented infrastructure in smart cities
Authors: Alam Irfan , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a result of the rapid developments in digital technologies, smart cities have been adorned with several digital gadgets based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The essential part of smart cities operations is IoT communications. IoT devices generate, process, and exchange a large amount of security-critical and privacy-sensitive data regularly, resulting in attractive targets for threats and attacks. Group-oriented communication plays a critical role in the IoT world, such as data gathering and area monitoring. The lower time complexity of Group-based authentication (GBA) makes these protocols very popular for efficient and secured communication. This paper uses a polynomial-based group authentication scheme and membership verification to ensure efficient and threat-free communication among IoT devices. Furthermore, a Bi-variate polynomial is used instead of the single variable polynomial to add the novelty of the work. Along with novelty, the protected nature of the bi-variate polynomial makes the proposed scheme very secure and reliable. Security analysis of the proposed work shows its efficiency over existing schemes.
Fluid dynamics of the upper airway in pediatric patients with severe laryngomalacia
Authors: Ye Lin song , Ye Linsong , Wei Jiazhang , Liang Zhenhua , Li Yan , Wu Minghui , Zhao Chunli , Weng Jingjin , Liu Xiaoqing , Su Jiping , Qu Shenhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Laryngomalacia is the top cause of pediatric laryngeal wheeze. Objectives: We used computational fluid dynamics to study the inspiratory airflow dynamics in severe pediatric laryngomalacia. Method: Computed tomography was performed on the upper airways of two infants, one with severe laryngomalacia and one with normal airway, and 3D models were reconstructed. ANSYS CFD-POST software was used to simulate airflow in the models. To compare the volumetric flow rate, flow velocity, pressure, wall shear, vortex. Results: The volume flow rate in the laryngomalacia model was significantly reduced compared with the control. Under inspiratory pressures, the peak flow velocity, pressure, and shear force in the control model appeared at the soft palate stenosis, while that in the laryngomalacia model appeared at the supraglottis stenosis. In the both group, the maximum flow velocity and shear force increased with decreasing inspiratory pressure, while the minimum pressure decreased with decreasing inspiratory pressure. In the control model, the airflow vortex appeared anteriorly below the posterior section of the soft palate. In the laryngomalacia model, the vortex appeared anteriorly below the posterior section of the soft palate and anteriorly below the vocal folds. Conclusion: Our methodology provides a new mechanistic understanding of pediatric laryngomalacia.
Divergence and Convergence of the Gut Microbiomes of Wild Insect Pollinators
Authors: Li Jilian , Zhuang Daohua , Sauers Logan , Ren Haiqing , Guo Jun , Wang Liuhao , Zhuang Mingsheng , Guo Yulong , Zhang Zhengyi , Wu Jie , Yao Jun , Yang Huipeng , Huang Jiaxing , Wang Chengrui , Lin Qinghui , Sadd Ben M. , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPollination services provided by wild insect pollinators are critical to natural ecosystems and the economic value of crops around the world. Gut microbiota of these insects may determine health and the contributions of their hosts to these services. Thus, phylogenetically divergent insect pollinators represent a crucial system in which to investigate evidence for factors contributing to the assembly of host microbial communities, which is a general question in host-microbiota research. We investigated the microbiomes of multiple insect pollinator species from China, distributed across three insect orders. ResultsWe found lineage-specific divergences of dominant microbial genera and microbiota community compositions across the divergent insect pollinator genera. However, we found no broad phylogenetic signal underlying these divergences, even though one is present at finer phylogenetic scales. Although there is clearly no single insect pollinator associated gut microbiota, there is suggestive evidence that ecology, including diet, may be associated with community structure. Indeed, we uncover a similar microbe in the gut microbiomes of a pollinator fly and bees, but comparative genomics indicates potential functional differences that could relate to the evolution with host or other microbiota members. ConclusionsOverall, this study suggests selective processes involving ecology or physiology, or neutral processes determining microbe colonization may predominate in the turnover of lineages in insect pollinators broadly, while evolution with hosts and co-occurring microbes may occur under certain circumstances and on smaller phylogenetic scales.