bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Succession
Authors: Kokkonen Andrej , Møller Jørgen , Sundell Anders 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe problem of succession is perennial. There is in practice no optimal solution to the problem of who will succeed the ruler, at least not when power is vested in one person. The absence of a successor causes uncertainty and plotting; the existence of one creates another centre of power. Both situations are dangerous for the ruler and for the elites. This chapter shows how primogeniture is a reasonable compromise that in ‘normal’ circumstances allows for an orderly transfer of power while minimizing threats to the incumbent ruler, and it describes the corollaries of this for political stability and state-formation. To do this, state-of-the-art theory on authoritarian regimes is used but the authors also contextualize their arguments by relating them to the workings of the medieval monarchies analysed in the empirical chapters. The purpose is to develop the theoretical idea at the core of the book: the dilemma of succession.
Solving Inequalities via Policy Learning and Transfer
Authors: Cairney Paul , Keating Michael , Kippin Sean , Denny Emily St. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of policy learning and transfer in multi-level policymaking systems. Multi-level dynamics offer new ways for learning and transfer to happen, as state and sub-state governments experiment with policy or take lessons from governments addressing inequalities in new ways. Yet no single government has full understanding of or control over this process. In that context, we compare two stories of policy learning and transfer. An agency-focused story highlights policy actors and their requirements, identifying key steps to policy analysis and design. A context-focused story highlights the limits to their powers and produces a series of cautionary tales to guide analysis. We use this study of policymaking context to inform agency-centred accounts, identifying three questions to guide analysis and research: what is the evidence for an exporting government’s success; what story do exporting and importing governments tell of their approach, and; how comparable are their policymaking systems?
The Nature of Slavery
Authors: Johnston Katherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In response to abolitionist efforts to end the transatlantic slave trade in the late eighteenth century, plantation owners in the Caribbean, Britain, and the American South insisted that only Africans and their descendants could labor in warm climates. Black bodies, they argued, were especially suited for cultivating crops in the heat, while white bodies were incapable of such work. By examining personal correspondence regarding bodily health and the environment in the context of plantation labor in the Anglo-Atlantic world, this book argues that defenders of slavery made these claims about people’s ability to labor despite their experiences, not because of them. At the same time, the book shows how planters’ claims contributed to historical myths about the transition to enslaved labor on seventeenth-century plantations. Finally, this book argues that the language about climate contributed to the construction of race in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Atlantic world. By linking climate, race, and the ability to labor, planters categorically separated Black and white bodies from one another. Their arguments permeated a public imagination and, through the language of climate and bodily difference, became accepted as natural. Following a story from the Caribbean to the colony of Georgia through debates over the abolition of the slave trade and, finally, to the antebellum South, this book demonstrates the pervasiveness of a groundless theory about climate, labor, and bodily difference that ultimately contributed to notions of race.
Research and Revival
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the 1970s there has been a simultaneous growth of religious revivalist notions of spanking and of spanking research. Anchored by the work of Murray Straus and James Dobson, two influential men with very different perspectives, the chapter explores the efforts, evidence, and effectiveness involved in spreading their messages. Research conclusions on spanking impacts that have been repeated over decades are shared and include such findings as increases in intimate partner violence, drug use, struggles with mental health, and behavior problems. Meaningful differences in parenting demonstrated through longitudinal research on words and tone of language is shown to be a powerful shaper in family dynamics and childhood behavior.
School Paddling
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The history of school corporal punishment is illuminated, identifying the prerogative of schoolteachers and principals to discipline children as they wish. Mixing real-life stories of debates on school paddling, task force efforts, and school p2addling incidents, the school paddling controversy is brought to life. The chapter traces the years individual states banned corporal punishment of children in public schools. The legal case upholding school corporal punishment, Ingraham v. Wright, is reviewed along with modern-day stories of paddling young people in schools. Impacts on teachers and efforts to end paddling in schools over the years are reviewed. The legal language for the 19 states that allow paddling is included in Appendix B.
Modern Family
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Raising a child is infinitely complicated and is made more so by the rate of change in the world around us. What do modern families need from their relationships? How parents and children bond and regulate their emotions is described. The importance of touch and the meaning of touch as a form of communication are explored. The chapter reviews current understanding of how early-life experiences affect the trajectory of our lives, including brain development and understanding of ourselves. Finally, the chapter looks more deeply at what modern parents need, not just children, and concludes that parents are still developing and that spanking is not good for them either.
The General Theory of Skeptical Trust
Authors: Norris Pippa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For many decades the conventional view has overwhelmingly celebrated the positive consequences of trust. To consider these issues, Section I of this chapter discusses debates in the contemporary literature about the causes of trust, summarizing the extensive body of empirical research published by social scientists in diverse disciplines. Section II describes the core thesis developed in this book, which builds upon the performance arguments in the literature and develops the core typology of trustworthy relationships. Section III theorizes that individual cognitive skills and knowledge, as well as the broader information environment found in open societies, help to strengthen accurate evaluations of trustworthiness. This argument challenges the prevalent normative assumptions about the value of trust prevalent in the modern literature and reframes the interpretation of the empirical evidence. The chapter lays the foundations for the next chapter outlining the study’s research design, sources of empirical data, and how judgments of trustworthiness are operationalized and tested against performance indicators.
Criminal Jurisdiction
Authors: Herman Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No issue proved a greater sticking point in negotiations over wartime basing in Latin America than the matter of criminal jurisdiction over US military personnel stationed in the region. US military leaders insisted that jurisdiction over their troops overseas was necessary to ensure discipline and order within the armed forces, but many in Latin America regarded the right to enforce national law within national borders as a defining feature of sovereignty. After World War II, Status of Forces Agreements (SOFAs) dictating the terms of governance over criminal actions by US troops would become a standard feature of US basing overseas. But during World War II, no such template yet existed. Instead, as with so many features of governance at World War II bases in Latin America, arrangements for policing US personnel were forged on the ground.
Afterlife
Authors: Kalman Laura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 investigates the court fight’s afterlife. It lays the blame for the way the fight is remembered at the feet of journalists Joseph Alsop and Joseph Catledge. Their 1938 book, The 168 Days, was a remarkable piece of reporting about the court fight that made Roosevelt the whipping boy whose “hubris” led him to the conviction that “the people” fully supported him. Alsop and Catledge created the narrative of the misbegotten court fight on which subsequent generations rely. This chapter argues that FDR won the battle, though he lost the war, and that the court bill represented a reasonable remedy for 1937. Too often FDR’s court bill is conflated with all proposals for enlargement debated in 1937 to create the sense that any attempt to “pack” the court is forever more destined for the dumpster. The chapter explores the consequences of the president’s successes and failures for the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and for the way that court packing is remembered. It also addresses the resurgence of interest in court packing as a contemporary remedy.
Introduction
Authors: Blum Deborah , Smart Ashley , Zeller Tom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The profession of science journalism is thriving. Public health crises like the Covid-19 pandemic and environmental threats such as global climate change have reminded everyone—from editors to audiences—that informed and insightful reporting on these issues is vital to journalistic understanding of the world. And the internet age has delivered a blossoming of outlets devoted to the coverage of science—places where young writers can break into the business, learn the craft, and build a portfolio. This guide to science journalism has tapped some of the world’s best science journalists to provide tips on how to avoid mistakes, find experts, and otherwise navigate this variegated world, including practical chapters on the craft of science storytelling, the business of science book writing, the challenges of international science reporting, and the virtues of science journalism across borders.
How Science Works
Authors: Akpan Nsikan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, New York Public Radio health and science editor Nsikan Akpan discusses what every journalist needs to know about science and the people who practice it. Akpan offers a primer on how to read a science paper; explains why not all scientific papers are trustworthy; espouses the benefits of journal clubs as a way to steep oneself in the science fundamentals; explains why it’s important to understand not only what scientists do but also why they do it; and advises journalists to seek interviews with principal investigators and with junior scientists. This chapter will help readers come to understand science not merely as a method but as a mentality.
Working With Statistics
Authors: Koerth Maggie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, Maggie Koerth, a senior science writer at FiveThirtyEight, offers detailed, practical, and user-friendly advice for journalists seeking to decipher the often-complex challenges of statistics in research. One of the most important things you can do any time you are presented with statistics, she writes, is to ask where they came from. How were these data collected? How do the people who collected the data define important terms (especially ones you think you know the definition of instinctively)? Has the way the data were selected changed over time? She also provides a guide to critical terms and ideas in statistics, from p values to risk and probability. The most important thing to know, she adds, is that numbers can—and should—be questioned. That’s the big rule. Everything else is just helping narrow down what questions to ask—and asking them.
Film and Video Storytelling
Authors: Cheney Ian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, filmmaker and science journalist Ian Cheney examines the strengths and weaknesses of film as a journalistic device. Film, Cheney argues, is best suited as a medium for conveying stories and inviting further thought, rather than for transmitting encyclopedic amounts of information. On technical topics, it’s an opportunity to turn scientists and other researchers into primary characters and to allow their humanity to shine through in favor of getting bogged down in attempting to regurgitate every detail of their research. Cheney also argues that scientists are good models and encourages visual storytellers working in this medium to be as original and innovative as the best scientists are when designing a new research study: by building on what came before and looking for opportunities to break new ground.
Magazine Writing
Authors: Williams Paige 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paige Williams, an award-winning staff writer for the New Yorker, provides expert guidance for crafting a stellar magazine story in this smart and lively chapter. As she notes, magazines offer certain freedoms that other journalistic forms do not, namely, the space and time to go deep or develop characters. These freedoms mean nothing unless journalists learn how to control them. Know the purpose. Is the purpose to serve the public, entertain, neither, or both? The best teachers are practice and study: Read obsessively in a range of genres, study voice and how to build a story, structure, and the poetry of language. But remember that reporting is everything: make the calls, get on the ground, vet the studies, and find the documents. It helps to have a clear goal, which doesn’t mean having an agenda; it means the writer decides the point of the story. Writing nice sentences is never enough. Strong reporting plus lovely writing—that’s a superpower, she says.
Science Policy
Authors: Vergano Dan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dan Vergano, a Washington, D.C.–based science writer for BuzzFeed and a long-time science policy expert, explores the ways that science journalists can learn to intelligently navigate the world of government science policy. He writes that the Covid-19 pandemic and the threat of climate change underline the need to investigate policy decisions about science. Stories need relevance, insight, and originality to have any impact. The key to a revelatory story is to follow the science behind policies to show where things went wrong. While the justifications for decisions are endless, their scientific underpinnings often aren’t—satellites orbit, toxins sicken, and projectiles penetrate—and there are credible experts in these disciplines. Talk to them about a new policy promising utopia the way you would check out a new paper in Nature concluding a fossil belonged to a fire-breathing dinosaur. In other words, be as skeptical of science policies as you would policies in any other field.
Marketing Your Stories
Authors: Penchoff Jason 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Today, producing great journalism is only half the battle. Journalists also need to know how to market stories. In this chapter, Jason Penchoff, senior director of marketing and communications at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and former vice president of member marketing at Medscape, offers tips and guidance on how to market science journalism, emphasizing the need to understand the audience, experiment with content types, build a personal own brand, and use channels and tools to expand audience reach. He argues that making sure key audiences engage with reporting—and at the right time—is becoming an important part of the science beat and charts the many ways to identify and engage users in an increasingly competitive environment.
Setting the Stage
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the development of different marketing mix concepts and how they have never aligned appropriately with nonprofit arts organizations. The chapter starts with a discussion of the nonprofit arts, how they came into existence as we know them today, and how the challenges of our market economy affect them. The discussion then focuses on marketing concepts as they have developed from the industrial revolution to the present day and considers why certain adjustments became the various components of McCarthy’s marketing mix. The chapter then moves toward an understanding of why the traditional and commercially minded marketing mix which is the core of business marketing practices, in no way aligns with the work of the nonprofit arts.
Contrasting Frameworks
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the frameworks and conceptions of promotion and education. It reviews the history of promotion and key ideas from McCarthy through contemporary promotion. It also defines the perspective of education used in the engagement edge. It clarifies theories of constructivism and learner-centered teaching, two approaches to education. The chapter lays important groundwork which attempts to ensure that the author’s use of the words and the reader’s interpretation are congruent, so that the reader can follow the path into the two chapters that follow. In each section of the chapter, the concepts are related back to the work of nonprofit arts organizations.
Contrasting Frameworks
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes McCarthy’s framework around product and several scholars’ work on theories related to experience. It follows how McCarthy described product and looks at how the notion of products and services works within the marketing mix. It describes different considerations about product, including product levels, product types, product attributes, product quality, and product features. It then reviews Dewey’s definition of art and considers various ramifications for a shift to experience. Finally, the chapter compares, contrasts, and synthesizes Dewey’s definition of experience, and Pine and Gilmore’s descriptions of the experience economy. Throughout the chapter, the concepts are related back to the work of nonprofit arts organizations.
Experience and the Arts
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents how the notion of experience is most appropriately suited to the arts. It describes the social nature of art, and the way socialization through the arts is a distinct attribute not found in most for-profit products and services. It explores both Dewey’s work as well as Pine and Gilmore’s notion of The Experience Economy and combines Pine and Gilmore’s distinct arguments to further differentiate nonprofit arts from other products and services. These differences are found in aesthetic issues, audience interaction, and experience required. The chapter also includes the case of Sally Taylor’s Consenses, an arts project that centered on an exploration of perception, culminating in audience experience.
Why Pop Culture News Matters
Authors: Penney Joel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines the landscape of today’s politically engaged pop culture journalism and situates it in a context that accounts for its recent flourishing in the digital news ecosystem as well as its relationship to the long-term historical trends of identity-based polarization and the hybridization of the political and cultural spheres. Through its exploration of both past and present, it argues that pop culture discourse in the news plays an important role in communicating political viewpoints to the public and therefore must be taken more seriously in journalism and media studies. The chapter also introduces the key tensions surrounding entertainment journalism’s engagement with hot-button political debates, including the potential for the accessible lens of pop culture and celebrity to create new points of entry into public issue discourse as well as the dynamics of hyper-commercialism and hyper-partisanship that have made lifestyle and opinion news formats into frequent targets of critique.
Hot Takes and Clickbait
Authors: Penney Joel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an in-depth look at the economics of entertainment journalism and how coverage of political controversy in pop culture aligns with the broader profit-making strategies of digital media companies and demands for online clicks and social media shares. Through interviews, the chapter explores how journalists at the nexus of pop culture and politics adopt strategies to negotiate the pressures of “clickbait” commercialism—such as pegging long-developing works of social and political criticism to the biggest blockbuster entertainment events of the day—as well as how they address critiques about its quality and sincerity and accusations of cynical pandering to polarized audiences. The discussion interrogates the seeming contradiction of the news industry’s embrace of pop culture controversy to serve bottom-line needs and its simultaneous devaluing of professional roles and expertise in entertainment journalism which threatens to hold the field back from fulfilling its important public mission.
A Valuable Paradox
Authors: Errington Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A key element of the “success story” of Indonesia’s development is its language, which has no native speakers. The author introduces Indonesian instead as part of a valuable paradox rooted in its historical and ideological connections with Malay, one of hundreds of Indonesia’s native, ethnic languages. The spread of knowledge of Indonesian is shown to have been enabled also by the development of urban centers as “blind spots” for a state project of linguistic modernization. This chapter situates Indonesian in two of these towns, Kupang and Pontianak, as a language spoken by college students, showing how it figures in their biographies, educations, and aspirations, notwithstanding differences in ethnic background and native language. A contrastive approach is outlined to ways they speak which brackets broad assumptions about linguistic and national “nativeness” that lack fit with the “Indonesian case.” This provides an an alternative approach to uses and values of the language of this plural, postcolonial nation.
The Irrelevance of Deontological Distinctions and “Moral Inertia”?
Authors: Kamm F.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines whether case-based reasoning can be used to undermine “common-sense deontological” moral principles embodying such distinctions as harming versus not aiding, harming as a mere means versus as a side effect, and redirecting threats (as in the Trolley Problem) versus starting new ones. It does this by considering Derek Parfit’s discussion in his On What Matters, volume 3, of the irrelevance of deontological principles prompted by his concern that morality will not be consistent with practical reason if it involves these principles. The chapter considers how Parfit thinks one’s practical reason should reconcile three issues: concerns about self-sacrifice, pursuing the greater good, and abiding by morality. It compares his views on these issues with those of the author. It then critically examines his use of case-based reasoning to try to undermine deontological principles and distinctions as well as the idea of “moral inertia”.