bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boost your email marketing campaign! Emojis as visual stimuli to influence customer engagement
Authors: Valenzuela-Gálvez E. Sophía , Garrido-Morgado Álvaro , González-Benito Óscar 
Published: April 2022

PurposeIn an effort to evaluate if and how emojis might boost customer engagement in email marketing, the current research aims to analyzes emojis' effects and investigates how certain features, such as the type of emoji or the way of emojis' presentation (repetition and position), moderate their effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis research comprises four experimental studies. The first two analyze whether the presence and the type of emoji (facial vs non-facial) influence customer engagement. Then, two more studies analyze the influence of the presence and type of emoji, as well as repetitions (repetition vs no repetitions) and positions (left vs right). The data collection is through email marketing campaigns, with two types of brands. The analysis is a fractional factorial design in one- and two-way interactions to identify the influence of presentation features.FindingsEmojis influence customer engagement and can trigger interactive behaviors and increase customer engagement, even in a channel that generally is less prone to interaction. The emojis increase the probability of opening the email, the number of times email gets opened and clicks to access additional content.Research limitations/implicationsThe varied results suggest the need for more research to confirm the findings regarding presentation features. This research offers novel implications for interactive marketing and the theory of visual rhetoric because the research establishes how visual stimuli such as emojis can persuade and capture customer attention and increase customer engagement.Practical implicationsPractitioners can optimize email marketing by using emojis strategically to attract audience interest, provoke interactions, build relationships and generate word of mouth, leading to better consumer experiences, loyalty and brand profitability.Originality/valueMost studies use semantic analysis to analyze emojis; the current study instead tests whether emojis can increase customer engagement in a less-interactive channel and then also considers the moderating role of several emoji-relevant variables. In addition, the authors apply the theory of visual rhetoric to explicate the original findings, which are gathered from a unique data set involving real marketing campaigns.
The role of social marketing theory in assessing insecticide-treated net usage intentions among pregnant women in Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah-Koduah Ernest Yaw , Abdulai Shaman , Coffie Isaac Sewornu , Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Despite the efforts to improve the usage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) among pregnant women in endemic malaria countries like Ghana, its usage still remains low. Therefore, this study aims to assess the intention to use ITNs and actual usage behaviour among pregnant women in Ghana using the integrated model of behaviour prediction (IMBP) and explore factors preventing its usage.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire was administered to 310 respondents using a convenience sampling technique, and the data were analysed using multiple regression. Exploratory data collected through an interview guide was analysed using Kvale and Brinkman’s (2015) five-step approach.

Findings
The findings indicate a significantly positive association between intention to use ITN and actual usage of ITN among pregnant women in Ghana. Attitude and normative beliefs were the most significant predictors of intention to use ITNs among pregnant women. The result further shows that despite the generally positive perception of the effectiveness of the ITN in malaria prevention and positive intention to use it, its actual usage remains low because of discomfort (primarily associated with heat, irritation, heat rashes, suffocation and vomiting, size and design, reactions to ITN’s chemicals and misconceptions about ITNs causing cancer. In this study, the implications are discussed.

Originality/value
This study applied the IMBP to ITNs usage intention among pregnant women in a developing market context and found the model to predict ITN usage intention effectively.
Construction of evaluation model of ecotourism resources in featured small towns
Authors: Wangzhou Kaixin , Hao Chunbo , Wang Huamin 
Published: April 2022

PurposeWith the development of small towns in China, the country pays more and more attention to the protection of landscape resources. It is an urgent problem that is how to protect landscape resources and ecological environment while developing economic industry in small towns. Establishing an ecotourism evaluation model can provide valuable reference for ecotourism planning, development protection and sustainable development of small towns.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct the ecotourism evaluation system that accords with the characteristics of small towns. A judgment matrix is constructed to determine specific indicators and factor values based on expert survey results. Based on the AHP theory and considering 4 aspects, construction conditions of featured small towns, ecological and environmental conditions, ecotourism resources endowment and development conditions and tourism capacity. In addition, 16 factor evaluations were selected, evaluation model of ecotourism resources were built and each evaluation index value was confirmed by adopting expert's advice.FindingsEcological environment, socioeconomic, uniqueness, esthetic ornamental value, small-scale industry scale, type and development level, type and scale, tourism talent level, therapeutic and leisure value were the indispensable components of evaluation of ecotourism resources in featured small towns.Originality/valueThe ideas of ecological environment development are rooted in the hearts of the people with the development of times. The model in this research is pertinent, typical and universal to some extent. Thus it is worth popularizing and applying.
Neutrosophic management evaluation of insurance companies by a hybrid TODIM-BSC method: a case study in private insurance companies
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xie Yujuan , Noorkhah Seyed Ali , Imeni Mohsen , Das Sapan Kumar 
Published: April 2022

PurposeIn this paper, a combined TODIM-BSC method with the neutrosophical approach for evaluating the performance of a private insurance company has been proposed. In other words, first, using the BSC technique, and identify the performance evaluation indicators, then evaluate the performance of the insurance company's agencies and rank them with the TODIM decision-making method.Design/methodology/approachThe insurance industry has a special prestige and importance in domestic and foreign trade. The evaluation of insurance companies, in addition to informing the stakeholders, increases competition, industry dynamism, sustainable and balanced development of society. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model for evaluating the performance of private insurance companies by adopting multiple-attribute decision-making and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) with single-values neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs) which will be applied by considering a set of indicators and alternatives deliberated with different viewpoints.FindingsA case study of the private insurance agencies in one of the provinces of Iran based on 26 criteria of agencies is used to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed model. Finally, there was a discussion about why the results are logical, which shows the strength and robustness of the proposed framework.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed to evaluate the performance of a real-world problem with the integrated TODIM-BSC method in a neutrophilic environment. Therefore, this paper can be effective in bridging the existing research gap and expanding our knowledge of the discussion of evaluating the performance of organizations or companies. Besides, by using these results, the authors can help the planners of these companies as well as similar organizations in attracting satisfaction and retaining target customers.
Bioactive compounds and its optimization from food waste: review on novel extraction techniques
Authors: Dhua Subhamoy , Kumar Kshitiz , Sharanagat Vijay Singh , Nema Prabhat K. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The amount of food wasted every year is 1.3 billion metric tonne (MT), out of which 0.5 billion MT is contributed by the fruits processing industries. The waste includes by-products such as peels, pomace and seeds and is a good source of bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, pectin lipids and dietary fibres. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to review the novel extraction techniques used for the extraction of the bio active compounds from food waste for the selection of suitable extraction method.

Design/methodology/approach
Novel extraction techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pulsed electric field extraction and pressurized liquid extraction have emerged to overcome the drawbacks and constraints of conventional extraction techniques. Hence, this study is focussed on novel extraction techniques, their limitations and optimization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable waste.

Findings
This study presents a comprehensive review on the novel extraction processes that have been adopted for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food waste. This paper also summarizes bioactive compounds' optimum extraction condition from various food waste using novel extraction techniques.

Research limitations/implications
Food waste is rich in bioactive compounds, and its efficient extraction may add value to the food processing industries. Hence, compressive analysis is needed to overcome the problem associated with the extraction and selection of suitable extraction techniques.

Social implications
Selection of a suitable extraction method will not only add value to food waste but also reduce waste dumping and the cost of bioactive compounds.

Originality/value
This paper presents the research progress on the extraction of bioactive active compounds from food waste using novel extraction techniques.
Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid plasma arc and micro-rolling additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy
Authors: Chen Qingyong , Wang Guilan , Zhang Haiou , Li Runsheng 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different rolling deformation parameters on the morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 superalloy in hybrid plasma arc and micro-rolling (HPAMR) additive manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, different deformation strains are designed, which are as-deposited, 15% and 30%. Two straight walls are fabricated by HPAMR for each kind of deformation. One wall underwent post-deposition heat treatment, and the other wall is treated without heat treatment. These samples are further investigated to evaluate the effects of deformation on the morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties.

Findings
As compared to as-deposited samples, the morphology can be significantly improved, the generation of defects and microporosity inside the alloy can be suppressed, and finer equiaxed crystals can be obtained with deformation of 30%. With heat treatment and 30% deformation, the Laves phase at the grain boundary is completely disappearing, more γ” and γ' strengthening phase is precipitated in the crystal and the size of the strengthening phase is smaller. Mechanical properties have been significantly improved.

Practical implications
HPAMR technology is used to successfully manufacture Inconel 718 superalloy aero-engine casing.

Originality/value
Compared with plasma arc additive manufacturing, HPAMR technology adds a rolling process, which can effectively improve the morphology of walls, refine internal grains, eliminate defects and microporosity, increase precipitation of strengthening phase and improve mechanical properties. It provides an optional manufacturing method for the integrated manufacturing of Inconel 718 parts.
Internal corporate social responsibility and university brand legitimacy: an employee perspective in the higher education sector in Tanzania
Authors: Amani David 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards university brand legitimacy (UBRL) with the mediation effect of university brand perceived ethicality in the higher education sector in Tanzania.

Design/methodology/approach
The study collected data from 399 employees of two universities through a cross-sectional survey research design. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings of this study suggest that internal CSR influences UBRL when mediated with university brand perceived ethicality.

Research limitations/implications
A cross-sectional survey research involving self-administered questionnaire was used. Therefore, the generalization of the findings should be made with caution.

Practical implications
Higher education institutions should invest in ethical management practices that consider internal CSR to ensure employees as legitimacy-granting constituents motivated to grant legitimacy to the university brand.

Originality/value
This study is among initial endeavors to examine internal CSR as a driver of UBRL in the higher education domain context.
Episodic alcohol exposure attenuates mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation during bone fracture callus formation
Authors: Eby Jonathan M. , Sharieh Farah , Azevedo Jessica , Callaci John J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol‐exposed rodents with a surgically created tibia fracture display deficient fracture callus formation and diminished signs of endochondral ossification characterized by the absence of chondrocytes and mature hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that alcohol may inhibit MSC differentiation. These findings led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure inhibits mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation within the developing fracture callus.MethodsIn the present study, we utilized a lineage‐tracing approach to determine which stage(s) of chondrogenic differentiation are affected by alcohol exposure. We utilized lineage‐specific reporter mice to determine the effects of alcohol on MSC and early and late chondrogenic cell frequencies within the fracture callus. In addition, serially sectioned slides were stained immunofluorescently and immunohistochemically and quantified to determine the effect of alcohol on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, within the fracture callus of alcohol‐administered rodents.ResultsAlcohol‐administered rodents had a reduced fracture callus area at 4, 6, and 9 days postfracture. Alcohol had no effect on apoptosis in the fracture callus at any of the examined timepoints. Alcohol‐administered rodents had significantly fewer proliferative cells in the fracture callus at 9 days postfracture, but no effect on cell proliferation was observed at earlier fracture callus timepoints. Alcohol‐administered rodents had reduced Collagen2a1‐ and Collagen10a1‐expressing cells in the developing fracture callus, suggesting that alcohol inhibits both early chondrogenic differentiation and later chondrocyte maturation during fracture callus development.ConclusionThe data suggest that alcohol could affect normal fracture healing through the mitigation of MSC chondrogenic differentiation at the callus site.
Node negative duodenal adenocarcinoma is associated with long‐term patient survival following pancreaticoduodenal resection
Authors: Patel Pranav Harshad , Likos‐Corbett Marinna , Doyle Joseph , Kumar Sacheen , Bhogal Ricky Harminder 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy. There is limited data reporting patient outcomes following radical pancreatic resection for DA. We assessed the disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for DA in our institution.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all patients undergoing pancreatic resection of DA at our institution between January 2009 and March 2020 inclusive.ResultsNinteen patients underwent pancreatic resection at our institution for DA during the study period. The overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was 37% and 5%, respectively. Nine patients (47%) had no nodal involvement. Median follow up was 25 months (range 1–108 months). Median DFS for our whole cohort was 17 months but was significantly higher in patients with no nodal metastasis [p < 0.001]. Median OS was 9.5 months for the whole cohort but was significantly higher in the patients with no nodal metastasis (60 months) compared to those with nodal metastasis (17.5 months) [p < 0.003].ConclusionImproved DFS and OS for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for DAs is associated with lymph node negative disease.
A comparison of extracorporeal side to side or end to side anastomosis following a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer
Authors: Baqar Ali Riaz , Wilkins Simon , Wang Wei Chun , Oliva Karen , Centauri Suellyn , Yap Raymond , McMurrick Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether an extracorporeal side‐to‐side (SS) or end‐to‐side (ES) stapled anastomosis impacts short‐term and long‐term outcomes after an oncological laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from two Victorian tertiary referral hospitals was performed. Patients who underwent oncological resection for colorectal cancer between February 2010 and September 2020 were selected from the colorectal neoplasia database. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the type of stapled anastomosis: Group 1 (functional end‐to‐end/side‐to‐side (SS)); and Group 2 (end‐to‐side (ES)). Primary outcomes were anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, mortality and morbidity, length of stay post‐surgery, readmission to hospital, and 30‐day mortality.ResultsThis large case series of 1040 patients (SS = 625, ES = 415) demonstrated that the type of stapling technique impacted operative duration and postoperative ileus rates. Patients in the SS group had a faster operation of 108 min rather than 130 min in the ES group (p < 0.001). The SS group were more likely to experience a post‐operative ileus (p < 0.001) with no impact on length of stay (SS, 7 days versus ES, 7 days; p = 0.14). There were no differences between the two groups with respect to lymph node yield, lymph node ratio, anastomotic leaks, return to theatre, 30‐day mortality and 5‐year overall survival.DiscussionThe type of extracorporeal stapled anastomosis following an oncological laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has minimal impact on morbidity and survival outcomes; however, a side‐to‐side stapled anastomosis is more likely to be a faster operation with a higher postoperative ileus rate.
The coincidence of Guillain‐Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Alluqmani Majed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of both Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) in the same individual is rare. The underlying pathophysiology of this case was assumed to be an autoimmune humoral mechanism. Molecular mimicry, in which a cross‐reaction occurs between autoantibodies and the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves and acetylcholine receptors of the neuromuscular junction, cannot be excluded as an underlying cause.Case presentationAn 18‐year‐old female presented with symptoms of generalized weakness and distal weakness in both upper and lower extremities, more pronounced on the right side, and with associated right foot drop and bilateral ptosis. An electrophysiological study was performed and the acetylcholine receptor antibody titer determined. The patient was diagnosed with GBS and MG.ConclusionsGBS and MG are two different neurological entities with different pathophysiologies. New‐onset or persistence of symptoms in a patient with GBS treated with intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis should prompt a probe for another autoimmune neurological illness, particularly autoimmune neuromuscular disorders such as MG.
Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization
Authors: Xue Meng‐Tong , Sheng Wen‐Jie , Song Xue , Shi Yu‐Jiao , Geng Zhi‐Jun , Shen Lin , Wang Rui , Lü He‐Zuo , Hu Jian‐Guo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL‐III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.ObjectiveHere, we speculated that ATL‐III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL‐III on SCI in rats and explored the potential mechanism.MethodsThe protective and anti‐inflammatory effects of ATL‐III on neuronal cells were examined in a rat SCI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglial line. The spinal cord lesion area, myelin integrity, and surviving neurons were assessed by specific staining. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, grid walk test, and footprint test. The activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression of corresponding inflammatory factors from M1/M2 and the activation of relevant signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting.ResultsATL‐III effectively improved histological and functional recovery in SCI rats. Furthermore, ATL‐III promoted the transformation of M1 into M2 and attenuated the activation of microglia/macrophages, further suppressing the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation through the NF‐κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways.ConclusionThis study reveals a novel effect of ATL‐III in the regulation of microglial/macrophage polarization and provides initial evidence that ATL‐III has potential therapeutic benefits in SCI rats.