bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal small vessel dilatation in the systemic inflammatory response to surgery
Authors: Grogan Alexander , Barclay Karen , Colville Deb , Hodgson Lauren , Savige Judy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRetinal microvascular calibre has been proposed as a predictor of cardiac events. Surgery is a major stimulus for inflammation which potentially affects small vessel calibre. This study examined the effects of surgery on retinal, and thus systemic, small vessel size, and the potentially confounding effect of surgery when retinal vessel calibre is used to predict cardiac risk in hospital patients. Consecutive participants were recruited from a preoperative assessment clinic at a teaching hospital. They provided demographic and clinical details, and underwent retinal imaging before and again, within 3 days after surgery, with a non-mydriatic retinal camera. Images were graded for vessel calibre using semi-automated software based on the Parr-Hubbard formula with Knudtson’s modification (IVAN, U Wisconsin). Differences were examined using Fisher’s exact test or a paired t-test, and calibre determinants identified from univariate and multiple linear regression analysis (STATA version 11.2). Sixty-eight participants (23 men, 34%) with a mean age of 55 ± 14.5 years, were recruited. Fourteen (21%) underwent a laparotomy which was considered major surgery and 54 (79%) had Other surgery. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased post-operatively from 7.8 ± 20.2 mg/L to 43.9 ± 55.1 mg/L (p < 0.01), and mean serum albumin decreased from 38.9 ± 4.4 g/L to 33.9 ± 5.5 g/L (p < 0.01). Mean central retinal arteriole and venular equivalent calibre (CRAE, CRVE) increased post-operatively (142.4 ± 13.3 µm to 146.4 ± 13.0 µm, p < 0.01 and 213.1 ± 16.8 µm to 217.9 ± 18.3 µm, p < 0.01, respectively). The systemic microvasculature dilates post-operatively possibly secondary to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. These changes were present within 3 days of surgery and may confound the use of small vessel calibre to predict cardiac risk in surgical inpatients. Microvascular dilatation in response to other inflammatory stimuli such as pneumonia is a known potential confounder in hospital patients.
Theaflavin 3-gallate inhibits the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and reduces its count in vitro
Authors: Chauhan Mahima , Bhardwaj Vijay Kumar , Kumar Asheesh , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Pawan , Enayathullah M. Ghalib , Thomas Jessie , George Joel , Kumar Bokara Kiran , Purohit Rituraj , Kumar Arun , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 has been recognized as an attractive drug target because of its central role in viral replication. Our previous preliminary molecular docking studies showed that theaflavin 3-gallate (a natural bioactive molecule derived from theaflavin and found in high abundance in black tea) exhibited better docking scores than repurposed drugs (Atazanavir, Darunavir, Lopinavir). In this study, conventional and steered MD-simulations analyses revealed stronger interactions of theaflavin 3-gallate with the active site residues of Mpro than theaflavin and a standard molecule GC373 (a known inhibitor of Mproand novel broad-spectrum anti-viral agent). Theaflavin 3-gallate inhibited Mproprotein of SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50value of 18.48 ± 1.29 μM. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (Indian/a3i clade/2020 isolate) with 200 μM of theaflavin 3-gallate in vitro using Vero cells and quantifying viral transcripts demonstrated reduction of viral count by 75% (viral particles reduced from Log106.7to Log106.1). Overall, our findings suggest that theaflavin 3-gallate effectively targets the Mprothus limiting the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro.
The influence of electrocardiogram (ECG) filters on the heights of R and T waves in children
Authors: Hirokawa Jun , Hitosugi Takashi , Miki Yoichiro , Tsukamoto Masanori , Yamasaki Fumiyasu , Kawakubo Yoshifumi , Yokoyama Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnesthesiologists often compare intraoperative and preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms in patients undergoing general anesthesia. In addition, many intraoperative ECG monitors have filters for removing electrocautery noise. In pediatric anesthesiology practice, we often note the appearance of elevated T waves—specifically, an increase in their height—with the use of such filters, even though no actual clinical change has occurred, which possibly leads to misdiagnosis. We investigated changes in R and T wave heights and in the T/R ratio according to the use of the strong (S) versus the diagnostic (D) filtering mode during pediatric anesthesiology. Primary outcomes were the dependence of the heights of the R and T waves on the filter mode and the correlation between rates of change in the R- and T-wave heights and heart rate (HR). In the S mode, the height of the R wave was lower (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.28) and the T/R ratio was higher than the corresponding values in the D mode (χ2 = 20.46, p < 0.001). The T/R ratios were also higher in the S mode than in the D mode, and when the D mode was changed to the S mode during tachycardia, there was a strong correlation between the rate of reduction in the R wave and HR (r = 0. 573, p = 0.041). Significant differences in the heights of the R wave and in the T/R ratio occur when using different intraoperative ECG filtering modes. Specifically, in S mode, a greater relative increase in T wave height may occur due to a significant decrease in R wave height. To avoid spurious diagnoses, anesthesiologists should be familiar with these potentially purely filter-driven changes whenever ECG is intraoperatively monitored.
Cynomolgus monkey’s choroid reference database derived from hybrid deep learning optical coherence tomography segmentation
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Freichel Christian , Hänsli Christof , Valmaggia Philippe , Müller Philipp L. , Zweifel Sandrine , Seeger Christine , Inglin Nadja , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Denk Nora 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCynomolgus monkeys exhibit human-like features, such as a fovea, so they are often used in non-clinical research. Nevertheless, little is known about the natural variation of the choroidal thickness in relation to origin and sex. A combination of deep learning and a deterministic computer vision algorithm was applied for automatic segmentation of foveolar optical coherence tomography images in cynomolgus monkeys. The main evaluation parameters were choroidal thickness and surface area directed from the deepest point on OCT images within the fovea, marked as the nulla with regard to sex and origin. Reference choroid landmarks were set underneath the nulla and at 500 µm intervals laterally up to a distance of 2000 µm nasally and temporally, complemented by a sub-analysis of the central bouquet of cones. 203 animals contributed 374 eyes for a reference choroid database. The overall average central choroidal thickness was 193 µm with a coefficient of variation of 7.8%, and the overall mean surface area of the central bouquet temporally was 19,335 µm2 and nasally was 19,283 µm2. The choroidal thickness of the fovea appears relatively homogeneous between the sexes and the studied origins. However, considerable natural variation has been observed, which needs to be appreciated.
Determination of oligosaccharide product distributions of PL7 alginate lyases by their structural elements
Authors: Zhang Keke , Li Zhijian , Zhu Qiaoyun , Cao Huansheng , He Xinxin , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Liu Weizhi , Lyu Qianqian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlginate lyases can be used to produce well-defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) because of their specificities for AOS products. A large number of alginate lyases have been recorded in the CAZy database; however, the majority are annotated-only alginate lyases that include little information on their products, thus limiting their applications. Here, we establish a simple and experiment-saving approach to predict product distributions for PL7 alginate lyases through extensive structural biology, bioinformatics and biochemical studies. Structural study on several PL7 alginate lyases reveals that two loops around the substrate binding cleft determine product distribution. Furthermore, a database containing the loop information of all annotated-only single-domain PL7 alginate lyases is constructed, enabling systematic exploration of the association between loop and product distribution. Based on these results, a simplified loop/product distribution relationship is proposed, giving us information on product distribution directly from the amino acid sequence.
Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma
Authors: Broestl Lauren , Warrington Nicole M. , Grandison Lucia , Abou-Antoun Tamara , Tung Olivia , Shenoy Saraswati , Tallman Miranda M. , Rhee Gina , Yang Wei , Sponagel Jasmin , Yang Lihua , Kfoury-Beaumont Najla , Hill Cameron M. , Qanni Sulaiman A. , Mao Diane D. , Kim Albert H. , Stewart Sheila A. , Venere Monica , Luo Jingqin , Rubin Joshua B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMales exhibit higher incidence and worse prognosis for the majority of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Disparate survival may be related to sex-biased responses to treatment, including radiation. Using a mouse model of GBM, we show that female cells are more sensitive to radiation, and that senescence represents a major component of the radiation therapeutic response in both sexes. Correlation analyses revealed that the CDK inhibitor p21 and irradiation induced senescence were differentially regulated between male and female cells. Indeed, female cellular senescence was more sensitive to changes in p21 levels, a finding that was observed in wildtype and transformed murine astrocytes, as well as patient-derived GBM cell lines. Using a novel Four Core Genotypes model of GBM, we further show that sex differences in p21-induced senescence are patterned during early development by gonadal sex. These data provide a rationale for the further study of sex differences in radiation response and how senescence might be enhanced for radiation sensitization. The determination that p21 and gonadal sex are required for sex differences in radiation response will serve as a foundation for these future mechanistic studies.
Online localization and phase selection of multiple partial discharge sources in cross‐bonded cable networks
Authors: Shahinfar Kian , Shahrtash Seyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel rule‐based method for online localization and phase selection of multiple partial discharge (PD) sources in cross‐bonded cable (CBC) networks by simultaneous measurements of PD pulse trains at all link boxes. The proposed method detects PD defective cable sections (localization task) and their corresponding defective phases (phase selection task) regardless of the number of PD sources inside the CBC network and their severity differences. For the first time, the proposed method is capable of detecting more than one PD source by analysing PD pulse trains. Numerous simulations of different case studies performed in EMTPRV software indicate highly accurate performance of the proposed method even at high noise levels.
A novel deviation density peaks clustering algorithm and its applications of medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Limin , Han Xuming , Li Mingyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm can identify clusters with various shapes and densities in the underlying dataset. However, the DPC algorithm cannot exactly find the true quantity of clustering centers when computing the local density, and it is difficult to handle non‐convex datasets. Moreover, the DPC algorithm is difficult to identify boundary points and outliers without a reasonable allocation strategy when dealing with low‐density points. To solve these limitations, a novel deviation density peaks clustering (DeDPC) algorithm is proposed. First, the local deviation of the spatial distance of datasets with different structures is utilised to replace the local density to generate a more reasonable clustering center decision graph. Second, a threshold is defined to further divide and process low‐density points. Finally, outliers in low‐density points can be accurately found to accurately cluster the dataset. To evaluate the performance of the DeDPC algorithm, experiments are conducted on synthetic and real‐world datasets and the DeDPC is compared with other clustering methods. The DeDPC is also applied to medical image segmentation to further demonstrate its capability for medical image processing. The simulation results show that the DeDPC method has good validity and utility for both non‐convex datasets and medical image segmentation.
Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of two kinds of Ti3C2 co‐catalysts with different interlayer spacing towards enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Luo Qiang , Wu Yan , Chen Jibing , Cai Qizhou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the methods for improving photocatalytic efficiency is using suitable co‐catalysts which can promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. In this study, a typical MXene material, layered Ti3C2, was selected as a co‐catalyst and acquired by selectively etching Al element from Ti3AlC2 using hydrogen fluoride (HF), and then the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2 was reduced through ultrasonic oscillation treatment. By subsequent hydrothermal reactions, the ZnO nanoparticles successfully grew on the surface of two kinds of layered Ti3C2 without and with ultrasonic oscillation treatment (Ti3C2 and Ti3C2‐U), thus yielding two ZnO/Ti3C2 composite photocatalysts (ZTX and ZTUX samples), respectively. Compared with the pure ZnO, ZTX and ZTUX samples have significantly improved photocatalytic activity, which arises from the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes depending on the appropriate Fermi level position of Ti3C2. Besides, the ZTUX photocatalysts on the whole exhibit higher photocatalytic activity compared with the ZTX photocatalysts, depending on narrower layer spacing of Ti3C2‐U which facilitates transport of photogenerated electrons.
Metallicities and ages for star clusters and their surrounding fields in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Narloch W. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Piatti A. E. , Karczmarek P. , Górski M. , Graczyk D. , Smolec R. , Hajdu G. , Suchomska K. , Zgirski B. , Wielgórski P. , Pilecki B. , Taormina M. , Kałuszyński M. , Pych W. , Rojas García G. , Lewis M. O. 
Published: July 2022

Aims. We study 147 star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in order to determine their mean metallicities and ages, as well as the mean metallicities of 80 surrounding fields. We construct an age–metallicity relation (AMR) for the clusters in the LMC.
Methods. For this purpose, we used Strömgren photometry obtained with the SOI camera on the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. We derived the metallicities of individual stars utilizing a metallicity calibration of the Strömgren (b − y) and m1 colors from the literature. Cluster ages were determined from the isochrone fitting.
Results. We found the mean metallicity and age for 110 star clusters. For the remaining 37, we provide an age estimation only. To the best of our knowledge, for 29 clusters from our sample, we provide both the metallicity and age for the first time, whereas for 66 clusters, we provide a first determination of the metallicity, and for 43 clusters, the first estimation of the age. We also calculated the mean metallicities for stars from 80 fields around the clusters. The results were then analyzed for spatial metallicity and age distributions of clusters in the LMC, as well as their AMR. The old, metal-poor star clusters occur both in and out of the LMC bar region, while intermediate-age clusters are located mostly outside of the bar. The majority of star clusters younger than 1 Gyr are located in the bar region. We find a good agreement between our AMR and theoretical models of the LMC chemical enrichment, as well as with AMRs for clusters from the literature. Next, we took advantage of 26 stellar clusters from our sample which host Cepheid variables and used them as an independent check of the correctness of our age determination procedure. We used period-age relations for Cepheids to calculate the mean age of a given cluster and compared it with the age obtained from isochrone fitting. We find good agreement between these ages, especially for models taking into account additional physical processes (e.g., rotation). We also compared the AMR of the LMC and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) derived in a uniform way and we note that they indicate possible former interaction between these two galaxies. The Strömgren photometry obtained for this study has been made publicly available.
Intervelocity of galaxy pairs in ΛCDM
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S. , Kanehisa Kosuke Jamie , Taibi Salvatore , Li Pengfei 
Published: August 2022

Context. Observational studies of pairs of galaxies have uncovered that their differential line-of-sight velocities indicate the presence of a peak in their three-dimensional (3D) intervelocity distribution at 130−150 km s−1. It had been argued that galaxy pairs in the standard model of cosmology, ΛCDM, should not exhibit such an intervelocity peak, while modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) predicts such a preferred intervelocity for paired galaxies. However, no direct comparison with ΛCDM applying the same selection criteria and methodology as the observational studies has been performed at present, placing the comparison on uncertain footing.
Aims. To rectify this situation, we investigate this potential challenge to ΛCDM by determining whether an analog of the observed intervelocity peak is present in galaxy pairs within the IllustrisTNG-300 cosmological simulation.
Methods. We identified galaxy pairs following the observational study’s selection criteria, measured their projected velocity difference, and analyzed both the de-projected and the full velocity difference for this galaxy pair sample in the simulation.
Results. We recovered a deprojected intervelocity peak at ∼130 km s−1 for galaxy pairs selected from the simulation. The full 3D velocity information available for the pairs in the simulation also reveals a clear preference for this intervelocity.
Conclusions. The intervelocity peak among galaxy pairs does not appear to be a feature unique to MOND, as it is also present in ΛCDM. Thus, it cannot be claimed to be a unique success characteristic of either theory over the other. Developing the galaxy pair intervelocity into a test of gravity in the low-acceleration regime will require more detailed studies to identify measurable differences among the models.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Carnerero Maria I. , Raiteri Claudia M. , Rimoldini Lorenzo , Busonero Deborah , Licata Enrico , Mowlavi Nami , Lecoeur-Taïbi Isabelle , Audard Marc , Holl Berry , Gavras Panagiotis , Nienartowicz Krzysztof , Jevardat de Fombelle Grégory , Carballo Ruth , Clementini Gisella , Delchambre Ludovic , Klioner Sergei , Lattanzi Mario G. , Eyer Laurent 
Published: August 2022

Context.One of the novelties ofGaiadata release 3 (DR3) with respect to the previous data releases is the publication of the multiband light curves for about 1 million active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of the values of some parameters characterising their variability properties.Aims.The goal of this work is the creation of a catalogue of variable AGN, the selection of which is based onGaiadata only.Methods.We first present the implementation of the methods used to estimate the variability parameters within the framework of a specific object study module for AGN (SOS-AGN). We then describe the selection procedure that led to the definition of the high-purityGaiavariable AGN sample and analyse the properties of the selected sources. We started from a sample of millions of sources, which were identified as AGN candidates using 11 different classifiers based on variability processing. Because the focus is on the variability properties, we first defined some pre-requisites in terms of number of data points in theGband and mandatory variability parameters. A series of filters was then applied using onlyGaiadata and theGaiaCelestial Reference Frame 3 (Gaia-CRF3) sample as a reference.Results.The resultingGaiaAGN variable sample, named GLEAN, contains about 872 000 objects, more than 21 000 of which are new identifications. We checked for the presence of contaminants by cross-matching the selected sources with a variety of galaxies and stellar catalogues. The completeness of GLEAN with respect to the variable AGN in the last Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalogue is ∼47%, while that based on the variable AGN of theGaia-CRF3 sample is ∼51%. The set of filters applied to the sources selected by SOS-AGN to increase the sample purity reduced the source number by about 37%. From both a comparison with other AGN catalogues and an investigation of possible contaminants, we conclude that purity can be expected to be above 95%. The multi-wavelength properties of these sources are investigated. In particular, we estimate that ∼4% of them are radio-loud. We finally explore the possibility to evaluate the time-lags between the flux variations of the multiple images of strongly lensed quasars, and show one case.
Evaluation of Salivary Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries Using a Novel Method
Authors: Soğukpinar Önsüren Asli , Mutluay Merve , Seyithanoğlu Muhammed , Tanriverdi Burak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidative stress in the saliva of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).
Methods Eighty children aged 3 to 6 years were involved in this case-control study. The study consisted of two groups: the study group (S-ECC) and the control group with no caries. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and antioxidant levels were calculated after obtaining unstimulated saliva samples from all participating children.
Results The native/total thiol and total oxidant status (TOS) levels of the study group were higher than those of the control group, though not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The oxidative stress index (OSI) value was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.024).
Conclusion Our results confirmed that the thiol/disulfide homeostasis was reduced, and disulfide formation, which is rereducible to thiol, was insufficient in children with S-ECC to compensate oxidative stress compared with the control group. Also, thiol levels were inadequate to compensate for oxidative stress, and thiol/disulfide homeostasis was not an independent parameter for S-ECC. Besides, the increases in the TOS level and OSI value show that oxidative stress had significant effects on S-ECC's etiopathogenesis.