bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administrer l’exil intérieur : l’envoi en « surveillance spéciale » sous le Consulat et le Premier Empire (1799-1815)
Authors: Le Quang Jeanne-Laure 
Published: October 2022

Qualifié de « surveillance spéciale » dans les archives policières, l’exil intérieur, qui naît en France sous le Consulat et le Premier Empire, a pour but la relégation sur le territoire national d’individus perçus comme dangereux par les autorités policières. Alors que le contexte de guerre extérieure ne permet plus l’envoi des opposants politiques en déportation, cette peine nouvelle constitue un entre-deux entre détention et liberté, supposément aussi efficace que la prison, en disséminant les individus exilés sur tout le territoire français. L’objectif est triple : couper les suspects de leur réseau de fréquentation, les éloigner de certains lieux considérés comme « sensibles », et empêcher la reconstitution de nouveaux réseaux d’opposants. Mode original et novateur de gestion d’individus suspects, cette pratique d’envoi en résidence surveillée est pourtant insuffisamment encadrée sur le plan juridique, laissant à la police napoléonienne une large marge de manœuvre. L’étude interroge la mise en œuvre concrète de la surveillance spéciale, révélant tant la volonté de centralisation de la gestion des individus suspects par le ministère de la Police générale – qui passe par la mise en place de nouveaux outils administratifs et statistiques – que l’efficacité très relative de cette peine sur le terrain, dans la mesure où le contrôle réellement exercé par les autorités locales est très fluctuant. Enfin, la perception de cette pratique policière par les exilés eux-mêmes est interrogée à travers les lettres d’exilés qui constituent des tentatives de recours pour obtenir la levée de leur surveillance, révélant les importantes contraintes tant matérielles que symboliques de la vie en exil intérieur.
Improving Initial Sepsis Management Through a Nurse-Driven Rapid Response Team Protocol
Authors: Semanco Michael , Wright Shannon , Rich Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Rapid identification and timely management of sepsis improve survival. Therefore, a bundled approach to care is recommended.

Local Problem
In an acute care area of the study institution, a 2016 internal evaluation of 27 patients with sepsis showed a median time to first-dose antibiotic administration of 269 minutes, with no patients receiving antibiotics within the 60-minute target time. Additionally, only one-third of patients received appropriate fluid resuscitation (30-mL/kg bolus of intravenous crystalloids). Given poor bundle compliance, a nurse-driven rapid response team protocol for suspected sepsis was implemented. The purpose of this project was to assess the protocol’s impact on the timeliness of treatment for sepsis.

Methods
This retrospective quality improvement evaluation involved patients aged 18 years or older for whom the suspected sepsis protocol was initiated during their acute care area admission. The evaluation focused on improvements in time to intravenous antibiotic administration and volume of fluid resuscitation compared with before protocol implementation. The protocol empowers the rapid response team to initiate sepsis management and includes pertinent laboratory tests, blood cultures, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, and a crystalloid bolus (30 mL/kg) if indicated.

Results
A total of 32 patients were evaluated. Time to first-dose antibiotic administration was reduced by half (from 269 to 135 minutes). Eighteen patients met criteria for fluid resuscitation, with twice as many receiving appropriate fluid volumes compared with before protocol implementation.

Conclusion
Implementation of the suspected sepsis protocol demonstrates the substantial role nurses have in optimizing patient care, especially in the timely treatment of sepsis.
The regulatory framework for enterprise risk management in South African local government
Authors: Whittle Christopher E. , Nel-Sanders Danielle 
Published: October 2022

Background: Enterprise risk management (ERM) entails the processes and procedures applied to mitigate uncertainties that could impact the achievement of objectives. New public management introduced business practices such as ERM to the public sector, which was adopted by the South African government across all three spheres of government including municipalities. Local government is obliged to implement ERM because of legislative requirements, National Treasury prescripts and the adoption of the King IV Code of Corporate Governance.Aim: To discuss ERM within the public sector and provides the contextualisation of ERM. It sets out the ERM structure, roles and responsibilities required by legislation and good corporate governance. Recommendations to improve ERM are provided.Setting: Within the South African local government.Methods: This study adopted a qualitative research approach and applied a research method based on desktop analysis of literature and secondary data sources using unobtrusive research techniques.Results: Reference is only made to risk in relation to financial management in municipal legislation. National Treasury has guided ERM through the Public Sector Risk Management Framework. The King IV Code provides guidance to local government councils regarding risk governance.Conclusion: The current legislative framework does not provide adequate guidance for effective ERM. Focus is placed on controls and compliance, which undermines ERM’s potential contribution to value creation. ERM within local government has little predictive value and has limited contribution in ensuring objectives are achieved.
Prevalence and patterns of refractive error among adults in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ajibode Haroun A. , Fakolujo Victoria O. , Bodunde Olubunmi T. 
Published: October 2022

Background: The study was part of community-based research towards strengthening the provision of optical services within a local governmental area in Nigeria.Aim: To describe the prevalence of refractive errors in the southwestern Nigerian adult population.Setting: Adults of age 30 years and above who were regular residents of the local governmental area.Methods: A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. The sampling unit was the different households. A random sample of them were refracted and then refractive errors were analysed. Analyses excluded participants with history of cataract surgery. Associations with myopia (−0.50 dioptres [D] or more) and hyperopia (≥ 0.50 D) were evaluated in logistic regression analyses.Results: The prevalence of refractive error in the study sample was 33.8% (95% confidence level [CI]: 27.1–34.4) using study participants with 6/9 presenting visual acuity but improvement by at least a line with pin hole. The prevalence of hyperopia was 46.9% and higher in women (51.8%), while that of myopia was 21.9% but higher in men (25.0%). The prevalence of hyperopia increased from 29% for 40–49 years of age to 65% for 50–59 years of age and tended to decline thereafter. Prevalence of myopia decreased from 17% in persons 40–49 years of age to 11% in those 50–59 years of age but increased after 60 years of age. A higher prevalence of myopia was positively associated (p 0.05) with lifetime occupations requiring near work, nuclear opacities, posterior subcapsular opacities and glaucoma. Factors associated with hyperopia were the same as for myopia, except for occupation, and in the opposite direction.Conclusion: The high prevalence of refractive errors strongly supports the need for an affordable and accessible optical service in the local government.
An illustration of ocular toxoplasmosis with consequent lenticular opacities and asteroid hyalosis
Authors: Mashala Dimakatso G. 
Published: October 2022

Inactive ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is not confined to immunocompromised patients but is also common in immunocompetent patients. It could result in a loss of vision, asteroid hyalosis, lenticular opacity and peripheral chorioretinal scar. More often than not, misdiagnosing the lesion may occur because of the lack of presenting symptoms. Therefore, this article aims to highlight OT and its consequences, emphasising the approach that must be followed to diagnose and manage the disease optimally. This case report is about a 24-year-old woman who had blurred vision in her left eye from the age of 9 years. After dilation for fundus examination and taking the patient for retinal imaging, the fundus showed a clearly defined pigmented chorioretinal scar on the temporal side of the macula.Contribution: As the disease has the ability for retinal complications, documenting any progressive developments of the disease is essential to manage the patient better.
Viral suppression among adolescents on HIV treatment in the Sedibeng District, Gauteng province
Authors: Mabizela Sibongile , Van Wyk Brian 
Published: October 2022

Background: Progress has been made to increase access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) to improve their survival, but ALHIV still have worse treatment adherence and viral suppression compared to adults and children.Objective: To determine the prevalence of viral suppression and the associated factors among adolescents aged 10–19 years on ART at an urban public primary healthcare facility in the Sedibeng district, Gauteng.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 192 adolescents who were on ART for at least six months between 2015 and 2018. A self-developed data extraction tool was used to collect data from the Tier.Net electronic database and clinical folders. Data were captured on Microsoft Excel, and descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS 27 statistical software.Results: The median age at ART initiation of adolescents was 9.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.0–12.0), and the median duration on ART was 70.5 (IQR: 30.25–105.5) months. The prevalence of viral suppression ( 1000 copies/mL) among adolescents on ART was 74%, with 41% achieving full suppression ( 50 copies/mL). Those adolescents who reported optimal ART adherence were more likely to be virally suppressed compared to those who reported poor adherence (98.1% vs 25.0%; p ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: Adolescent viral suppression of 74% is higher than in comparable sites, but still way too short of the UNAIDS target of 90%. We recommend adherence support for adolescents to achieve viral suppression.Contribution: The study highlights the urgent need for targeted adherence support interventions for adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy to improve rates of viral suppression to meet UNAIDS target of 95%.
Low carbohydrate diet for diabetic cardiomyopathy: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kleissl-Muir Sabine , Zinn Caryn , Rasmussen Bodil , Owen Alice , Driscoll Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) promote myocardial dysfunction in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension or coronary heart disease. Termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM), this type of cardiomyopathy often evolves to heart failure (HF), therefore worsening outcomes for people living with T2DM. Low-fat diets (LF) have been recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease but have provided limited symptom relief.Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the effect of a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet compared with usual care (UC) in patients with DMCM. This study hypothesises that the LC diet will improve symptoms of HF and quality of life (QoL) in patients with DMCM.Setting: For this 16-week randomised controlled trial 80 adult patients ( 18 years of age) with T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 6.5) or IR (triglyceride glucose index value [TyG] 4.49) and HF from an outpatient HF clinic in Victoria, Australia were recruited.Methods: Participants will be randomised to a LC or a LF diet (UC) group. The primary outcome is a composite endpoint of changes in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, hospital admissions, thirst distress and QoL. The secondary endpoint is a 2% change in HbA1c from baseline. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 16.Results: This article describes a protocol for a radomised controlled trial (RCT). The results of this trial will be published at the completion of the study.Conclusion: The results from this trial will provide an insight into the future dietary management of DMCM for both patients and healthcare practitioners.
People Parks Win-Win Framework: Integrating components that can influence people-park relationships
Authors: Queiros Dorothy R. 
Published: October 2022

Protected areas are often surrounded by impoverished communities. Biodiversity must be conserved while improving community well-being. Greater insight is required into what influences pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour in these communities. Much appears to rest on the relationships between protected area staff and local communities surrounding the parks, yet there is limited understanding of stakeholders’ perceptions and how to pragmatically achieve win-win solutions. With the current lack of a multidimensional framework to enhance understanding of this complex and dynamic relationships, this research aimed to construct a comprehensive integrated framework representing the components that can influence people-park relationships. The framework was constructed via a threefold approach, namely a broader literature review, a focused study of existing schemata and primary research regarding the attitudes and behaviour of three local communities bordering three different protected areas in South Africa. The resultant People Parks Win-Win Framework consists of four layers (each with its own components): ‘External context’, ‘Stakeholders’, ‘Community beneficiation’ and ‘Outputs’. Its unique arrangement focuses on beneficiation, inclusion of more stakeholders and their characteristics, the centrality of relationships and demonstration of outputs (how preceding layers can culminate in win-wins and how pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour fit into this). A simplified framework is also provided, for stakeholders to superimpose their own characteristics, benefits, influences and beneficiation principles. This research draws on the work of others as well as primary research to produce this multidimensional framework capturing the influences on people-park relationships with a focus on achieving both community well-being and biodiversity conservation.Conservation implications: Win-wins for community well-being and biodiversity conservation are complex. Yet potential exists for tangible and intangible beneficiation, which can foster positive attitudes resulting in pro-conservation behaviour and robust reciprocate relationships between parks and neighbouring communities. To this end, the framework serves as a practical tool for protected area managers and stakeholders involved in the people-park relationships, which can be customised to particular contexts.
Rifampicin resistance and mortality in patients hospitalised with HIV-associated tuberculosis
Authors: Spies Ruan , Schutz Charlotte , Ward Amy , Balfour Avuyonke , Shey Muki , Nicol Mark , Burton Rosie , Sossen Bianca , Wilkinson Robert , Barr David , Meintjes Graeme 
Published: October 2022

Background: Patients with HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of death.Objectives: We investigated the association between rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and mortality in a cohort of patients who were admitted to hospital at the time of TB diagnosis.Method: Adults hospitalised at Khayelitsha Hospital and diagnosed with HIV-associated TB during admission, were enrolled between 2013 and 2016. Clinical, biochemical and microbiological data were prospectively collected and participants were followed up for 12 weeks.Results: Participants with microbiologically confirmed TB (n = 482) were enrolled a median of two days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–3 days) following admission. Fifty-three participants (11.0%) had RR-TB. Participants with rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) received appropriate treatment a median of one day (IQR: 1–2 days) following enrolment compared to three days (IQR: 1–9 days) in participants with RR-TB. Eight participants with RS-TB (1.9%) and six participants with RR-TB (11.3%) died prior to the initiation of appropriate treatment. Mortality at 12 weeks was 87/429 (20.3%) in the RS-TB group and 21/53 (39.6%) in the RR-TB group. RR-TB was a significant predictor of 12-week mortality (hazard ratio: 1.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–3.29; P = 0.03).Conclusion: Mortality at 12 weeks in participants with RR-TB was high compared to participants with RS-TB. Delays in the initiation of appropriate treatment and poorer regimen efficacy are proposed as contributors to higher mortality in hospitalised patients with HIV and RR-TB.
Bibliometric visualisation of industrial and organisational psychology during COVID-19 pandemic: Insight for future research
Authors: Fatuhrahmah Ufi , Widiana Herlina Siwi 
Published: October 2022

Orientation: Industrial and organisational psychology (IOP) researchers have shown their contribution to solving COVID-19 pandemic in the workplace through the enormous number of studies.Research purpose: This study intended to map IOP research related to the COVID-19 crisis to provide the research issues that have emerged and potential for future research.Motivation for the study: All the IOP levels (worker, team and organisation) were impacted by COVID-19, and they continuously change. Researchers must be careful in directing their research and avoid focusing on certain levels or problems.Research approach/design and method: A bibliometric visualisation analysis method was adopted in this study.Main findings: The bibliometric results showed that the prominent keywords in IOP research-related COVID-19 are ‘human(s)’, ‘COVID-19’, keywords related to subject characteristics and mental health. Six clusters on the map showed the prominent themes: mental health, health care workers as the research subject, specific workplace issues, digital technology, methodologies used, and country. Furthermore, in every cluster, the depth overview of study results is presented. The top issues were at the worker-level, while the organisational-level issues gained limited attention.Practical/managerial implications: For practitioners and managers, this study provides a complete picture of emerging issues during COVID-19 crisis ranging from causes, risk factors and solutions. For researchers, this study can provide insight for further research.Contribution/value-add: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the IOP issues related-COVID-19 that will be beneficial as the basis for policymaking and recommendations for future potential areas.
The necessity of bilateral staging bone marrow examinations for paediatric solid tumours
Authors: Van Marle Anne-Cecilia , Coetzee Ilse , Britz Wynand , Eichbauer Jade , Smith Marguerité , Van Gend Marli , Van der Westhuizen Helen , Vorster Rièlle , Haupt Leriska 
Published: October 2022

Background: Bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies (BMATs) form an important part of staging to detect bone marrow metastases of both haematological and nonhaematological neoplasms.Aim: The study’s primary aim was to determine whether it is necessary to perform bilateral BMATs on paediatric cancer patients as opposed to unilateral BMATs for the staging of solid tumours.Setting: The Paediatric Oncology Unit at Universitas Academic Hospital (UAH) in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed using laboratory reports from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Data were collected and reported on regarding the total number of staging BMATs performed, the average length of the trephine biopsies, the number of BMATs used for primary diagnosis, the number of bone marrow specimens where metastases were detected (left, right or both), the type of primary cancer and demographic information.Results: One hundred and eighteen patients were included for interpretation. Bone marrow metastases were detected in 28 patients, of which five patients had discrepant left and right results. These five cases included nephroblastoma (n = 2), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2) and a germ cell tumour (n = 1).Conclusion: Discrepant results were found in five cases (n = 28; 17.8%). Ultimately, the clinical implication of incorrectly staging solid tumours outweighs the small risks and discomfort of a bilateral bone marrow biopsy.
Diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of deep organ tumours
Authors: Bondera Tichayedza , Schubert Pawel , Van Zyl Anel , Pitcher Richard , Bagadia Asif 
Published: October 2022

Background: Paediatric tumour cytological diagnosis by image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has not gained wide acceptance despite increasing publications advocating the procedure.Objective: The primary aim was an audit of the diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE at a single institution. Evaluation of safety was a secondary aim.Method: Details of consecutive cases of paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE for suspected non-benign deep-seated lesions performed from 01 January 2014 to 30 April 2020 were retrieved from the institutional radiology and laboratory databases. Diagnostic yield and accuracy were evaluated using clinico-pathological-radiological correlation and/or subsequent histological specimen diagnosis correlation. Complications and the frequency of key radiological features potentially affecting yield and accuracy were described.Results: Of 65 cases retrieved, cytology showed malignancy in 52, benign features in five and one indeterminate diagnosis; seven samples were insufficient for cytological assessment. Of the 65 cases, 58 had subsequent formal histological diagnosis. The overall diagnostic yield was 98.5%, with 94.5% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% positive predictive value, 75.0% negative predictive value and 95.3% diagnostic accuracy. All cases (n = 26) demonstrating restricted diffusion on MRI yielded adequate samples and cyto-histopathological correlation.Conclusion: Paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE has a relatively high diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of deep-seated tumours. The relatively low negative predictive value may reflect insufficient samples obtained from cystic and/or benign lesions. Sampling from areas of restricted MRI diffusion may enhance diagnostic yield.