bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing a secondary prevention programme in those patients who visited an emergency department for drug-related problems
Authors: Ruiz-Ramos Jesus , Juanes-Borrego Ana , Puig-Campany Mireia , Blazquez-Andión Marta , López-Vinardell Laia , Gilabert-Perramon Antonio , Guiu-Segura Josep María , Mangues-Bafalluy Maria Antonia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a secondary prevention programme in patients admitted to the emergency department due to drug-related problems (DRPs).

Methods
A decision model compared costs and outcomes of patients with DRPs admitted to the emergency department. Model variables and costs, along with their distributions, were obtained from the trial results and literature. The study was performed from the perspective of the National Health System including only direct costs.

Key findings
The implementation of a secondary prevention programme for DRPs reduces costs associated with emergency department revisits, with an annual net benefit of €87 639. Considering a mortality rate attributable to readmission of 4.7%, the cost per life-years gained (LYG) with the implementation of this programme was €2205. In the short term, the reduction in the number of revisits following the programme implementation was the variable that most affected the model, with the benefit threshold value corresponding to a relative reduction of 12.4% of the number of revisits of patients with DRPs to obtain benefits.

Conclusions
Implementing a secondary prevention programme is cost-effective for patients with DRPs admitted to the emergency department. Implementation costs will be exceeded by reducing revisits to the emergency department.
Population pharmacokinetics of apramycin from first-in-human plasma and urine data to support prediction of efficacious dose
Authors: Zhao Chenyan , Chirkova Anna , Rosenborg Staffan , Palma Villar Rodrigo , Lindberg Johan , Hobbie Sven N , Friberg Lena E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Apramycin is under development for human use as EBL-1003, a crystalline free base of apramycin, in face of increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Both toxicity and cross-resistance, commonly seen for other aminoglycosides, appear relatively low owing to its distinct chemical structure.

Objectives
To perform a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis and predict an efficacious dose based on data from a first-in-human Phase I trial.

Methods
The drug was administered intravenously over 30 min in five ascending-dose groups ranging from 0.3 to 30 mg/kg. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers. PPK model development was performed stepwise and the final model was used for PTA analysis.

Results
A mammillary four-compartment PPK model, with linear elimination and a renal fractional excretion of 90%, described the data. Apramycin clearance was proportional to the absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). All fixed effect parameters were allometrically scaled to total body weight (TBW). Clearance and steady-state volume of distribution were estimated to 5.5 L/h and 16 L, respectively, for a typical individual with absolute eGFR of 124 mL/min and TBW of 70 kg. PTA analyses demonstrated that the anticipated efficacious dose (30 mg/kg daily, 30 min intravenous infusion) reaches a probability of 96.4% for a free AUC/MIC target of 40, given an MIC of 8 mg/L, in a virtual Phase II patient population with an absolute eGFR extrapolated to 80 mL/min.

Conclusions
The results support further Phase II clinical trials with apramycin at an anticipated efficacious dose of 30 mg/kg once daily.
Tasks as needs: reframing the paradigm of clinical natural language processing research for real-world decision support
Authors: Lederman Asher , Lederman Reeva , Verspoor Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectronic medical records are increasingly used to store patient information in hospitals and other clinical settings. There has been a corresponding proliferation of clinical natural language processing (cNLP) systems aimed at using text data in these records to improve clinical decision-making, in comparison to manual clinician search and clinical judgment alone. However, these systems have delivered marginal practical utility and are rarely deployed into healthcare settings, leading to proposals for technical and structural improvements. In this paper, we argue that this reflects a violation of Friedman’s “Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics,” and that a deeper epistemological change must occur in the cNLP field, as a parallel step alongside any technical or structural improvements. We propose that researchers shift away from designing cNLP systems independent of clinical needs, in which cNLP tasks are ends in themselves—“tasks as decisions”—and toward systems that are directly guided by the needs of clinicians in realistic decision-making contexts—“tasks as needs.” A case study example illustrates the potential benefits of developing cNLP systems that are designed to more directly support clinical needs.
Effects of Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage Treatment on Survival of Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum)
Authors: Liu Yong-Biao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is a need for alternative treatments for postharvest pests on stored products. In this study, 45-d long-term controlled atmosphere (CA) treatments with 3, 5, 6.5, and 8% O2 were studied to determine effects on survival and development of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) eggs and susceptibility of different life stages to a 14-d 5% O2 treatment. Low oxygen treatments were effective against S. oryzae and T. confusum. The 45-d CA treatments with 6.5, 5, and 3% O2 resulted in 0.26, 0.004, and 0% survival rates from egg to adult respectively for S. oryzae and 6.51, 0.14, and 0% survival rates from egg to later stages respectively for T. confusum. For both species, eggs were more susceptible to low oxygen treatment than larvae or pupae. A 14-d CA treatment with 5% O2 resulted in 4.9 and 3.3% survival of eggs of S. oryzae and T. confusum, respectively, as compared with over 50% survival of larvae and pupae for both species. S. oryzae adults, however, were very susceptible to low oxygen treatment and 14-d exposure to 5% O2 atmosphere resulted in zero survival. In contrast, the 14-d exposure to 5% O2 atmosphere resulted in over 94% survival for T. confusum adults. This study suggested there were considerable differences between stored product insects in susceptibility to low oxygen treatment and that long-term CA storage treatments with a low oxygen level of ≤6.5 and ≤5% have potential in controlling S. oryzae and T. confusum, respectively.
Shifting Wrongs to Rights: Lessons in Human Rights from the Situation of Mothers Impacted by Albinism in Africa
Authors: Ibhawoh Bonny , Reimer-Kirkham Sheryl , Ero Ikponwosa , Mgijima-Konopi Innocentia , Beaman Lori , Senkoro Perpetua , Astle Barbara , Strobell Emma , Imafidon Elvis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDebates about legitimizing human rights in Africa have centred on making universal human rights principles relevant to local social and cultural contexts. Localizing human rights norms requires seeing human rights in terms of relevance to specific situations rather than as the application of abstract principles. In this paper, scholars and advocates analyse the challenges in the practice of human rights, with a focus on mothers impacted by albinism, whether as mothers of children with albinism or as mothers with albinism themselves. Women and girls impacted by albinism are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations and reflect the unfulfilled promise of the United Nations principle to ‘Leave no one behind’. On account of intersecting factors—including denial of humanity; gendered stigma, discrimination and disenfranchisement; lack of access to the social determinants of health; and violence—mothers impacted by albinism are truly amongst those ‘furthest behind’. Drawing on the frameworks of vernacularization and culturalization, we conceptualize and contextualize human rights in relation to the unique experiences of mothers impacted by albinism in Tanzania, South Africa, and Ghana. Our analysis takes up four particularities that pose challenges to protecting the rights of mothers impacted by albinism: personhood as foundation for human rights; the communal nature of human rights; proportionality and human rights; and the intersectional nature of human rights. These particularities shed light on human rights practice for mothers impacted by albinism and carry implications for human rights practice more broadly.
Effect of radioiodine therapy under thyroid hormone withdrawal on health-related quality of life in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Ming Hui , Yu Hui , Liu Yangbao , Yang Lihua , Chen Yuanhao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effect of radioactive iodine therapy under thyroid hormone withdrawal in differentiated thyroid cancer patients on health-related quality of life.

Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy were involved in this study. All of them were managed with thyroid hormone withdrawal. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and its thyroid cancer module at three different time points. Changes in health-related quality of life were evaluated by Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine social-demographic and clinical factors associated with worse health-related quality of life.

Results
A total of 99 differentiated thyroid cancer patients were involved in this study. Changes in health-related quality of life at different time points showed that 1 month post-radioactive iodine treatment, an improvement in nausea and vomiting, insomnia and appetite loss was observed. Impairments of global health, role, cognitive and social function and problems of discomfort in the head and neck, voice concerns, dry mouth, fatigue, pain, dyspnea, thyroid fatigue, fear, tingling or numbness, joint pain and shoulder function increased after radioactive iodine treatment. Univariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated potential factors associated with worse health-related quality of life. Thyroid stimulating hormone and parathyroid hormone levels were more sensible to changes in functional domain. Patients aged ≥55-year-old, with annual income under ¥50 000, low parathyroid hormone and pT4 tumour stage experienced higher changes in symptom scales after radioactive iodine treatment.

Conclusion
After radioactive iodine treatment, differentiated thyroid cancer patients experienced negative health-related quality of life, and most of these impairments might not recover in the short term. Thyroid stimulating hormone and parathyroid hormone levels, annual income and pT tumours stage were independent risk factors for decreased health-related quality of life.
Complete mesocolic excision in comparison with conventional surgery for right colon cancer: a nationwide multicenter study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology colorectal cancer network (CoME-in trial). Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Degiuli Maurizio , Solej Mario , Resendiz Aguilar Hogla Aridai , Marchiori Giulia , Reddavid Rossella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation, or simply CME, includes the sharp dissection along the mesocolic visceral and parietal layers, with the ligation of the main vessels at their origins. To date, there is low evidence on its safety and efficacy. This is a study-protocol of a multicenter, randomized, superiority trial in patients with right-sided colon cancer. It aims to investigate whether the complete mesocolic excision improves the oncological outcomes as compared with conventional right hemicolectomy, without worsening early outcomes. Data on efficacy and safety of complete mesocolic excision are available only from a large trial recruiting eastern patients and from a low-volume single-center western study. No results on survival are still available. For this reason, complete mesocolic excision continues to be a controversial topic in daily practice, particularly in western world. This new nationwide multicenter large-volume trial aims to provide further data on western patients, concerning both postoperative and survival outcomes.
Promoting Equity in Health Care through Human Flourishing, Justice, and Solidarity
Authors: Jotterand Fabrice , Spellecy Ryan , Homan Mary , Derse Arthur R 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a non-rights-based argument based on beneficence (i.e., the welfare of individuals and communities) and justice as the disposition to act justly to promote equity in health care resource allocation. To this end, we structured our analysis according to the following main sections. The first section examines the work of Amartya Sen and his equality of capabilities approach and outlines a framework of health care as a fundamental human need. In the subsequent section, we provide a definition of health equity based on the moral imperative to guarantee that every individual ought to have the freedom to pursue health goals and well-being. In the later part of the article, we outline a non-right approach to health care based on three pillars: (1) human flourishing, (2) justice as a disposition not a process, and (3) solidarity.
Clinical Presentation and Severity of Adenovirus Detection Alone vs Adenovirus Co-detection With Other Respiratory Viruses in US Children With Acute Respiratory Illness from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Probst Varvara , Spieker Andrew J , Stopczynski Tess , Stewart Laura S , Haddadin Zaid , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J , Schuster Jennifer E , Staat Mary A , McNeal Monica , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Szilagyi Peter G , Boom Julie A , Sahni Leila C , Piedra Pedro A , Englund Janet A , Klein Eileen J , Michaels Marian G , Williams John V , Campbell Angela P , Patel Manish , Gerber Susan I , Halasa Natasha B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is commonly associated with acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children and is also frequently co-detected with other viral pathogens. We compared clinical presentation and outcomes in young children with HAdV detected alone vs co-detected with other respiratory viruses.

Methods
We used data from a multicenter, prospective, viral surveillance study of children seen in the emergency department and inpatient pediatric settings at seven US sites. Children less than 18 years old with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled between 12/1/16 and 10/31/18 and tested by molecular methods for HAdV, human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (PIV, types 1–4), influenza (flu, types A-C), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Our primary measure of illness severity was hospitalization; among hospitalized children, secondary severity outcomes included oxygen support and length of stay (LOS).

Results
Of the 18,603 children enrolled, HAdV was detected in 1,136 (6.1%), among whom 646 (56.9%) had co-detection with at least one other respiratory virus. HRV/EV (n = 293, 45.3%) and RSV (n = 123, 19.0%) were the most frequent co-detections. Children with HRV/EV (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI = [1.11–2.34]), RSV (aOR = 4.48; 95% CI = [2.81–7.14]), HMPV (aOR = 3.39; 95% CI = [1.69–6.77]), or ≥ 2 co-detections (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI = [1.14–3.36]) had higher odds of hospitalization compared to children with HAdV alone. Among hospitalized children, HAdV co-detection with RSV or HMPV was each associated with higher odds of oxygen support, while co-detection with PIV or influenza viruses was each associated with higher mean LOS.

Conclusions
HAdV co-detection with other respiratory viruses was associated with greater disease severity among children with ARI compared to HAdV detection alone.
The African ‘Other’ as Displaced Enslaved and Refugee: Internal Borders across Time and Place
Authors: Olwig Karen Fog 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTaking its point of departure in two historically separate legal cases involving the right to care for kin this article compares the perception and treatment of two groups subjected to forced migration—enslaved Africans and their descendants in the former Danish West Indian colonial society and African refugees in present-day Danish welfare society. Drawing on Balibar’s notion of ‘internal borders’ it demonstrates the key role of ‘the Other’ in the management of displaced people in contexts of structural inequality and their contradictory position of being legally embedded but socially detached in the society in which they are placed. This comparative historical lens illuminates how, across time and place, family and kin ties can figure as sites of contention between universal, ideal, morally accepted human rights and the actual rights bestowed by local authorities, whether in colonial plantation societies based on enslavement or in modern welfare states.
Formation of black widows through ultracompact X-ray binaries with He star companions
Authors: Guo Yunlang , Wang Bo , Han Zhanwen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Black widows (BWs) are a type of eclipsing millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with companion masses $M_2\lesssim 0.05\, \rm M_\odot$, which can be used to study the accretion history and the radiation of pulsars, as well as the origin of isolated MSPs. Recent observations indicate that there are two subtypes of BWs. One is the BWs with $M_2 \sim 0.01\!-\!0.05\, \rm M_\odot$, whereas another with $M_2 \lesssim 0.01\, \rm M_\odot$. However, the origin of the latter is still highly uncertain. In this paper, we investigated the formation of BWs with $M_2 \lesssim 0.01\, \rm M_\odot$ through ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) with He star companions, in which a neutron star (NS) accretes material from a He star through Roche lobe overflow. By considering different He star masses and evaporation efficiencies with the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (mesa ), we evolved a series of NS+He star systems that can undergo UCXB stage. This channel can explain the formation of the BWs with $M_2 \lesssim 0.01\, \rm M_\odot$ within the Hubble time, especially three widely studied BWs, i.e. PSRs J1719−1438, J2322−2650, and J1311−3430. We found that X-ray irradiation feedback does not affect the evolutionary tracks of evaporation process. The simulations indicate that the UCXBs with He star companions are the potential progenitors of isolated MSPs, and that the origin of BWs with $M_2 \lesssim 0.01\, \rm M_\odot$ is different with another subtype of BWs. In addition, this work suggests that the BWs with $M_2 \lesssim 0.01\, \rm M_\odot$ may not be produced by redback systems.
Role of EXO1 nuclease activity in genome maintenance, the immune response and tumor suppression in Exo1D173A mice
Authors: Wang Shanzhi , Lee Kyeryoung , Gray Stephen , Zhang Yongwei , Tang Catherine , Morrish Rikke B , Tosti Elena , van Oers Johanna , Amin Mohammad Ruhul , Cohen Paula E , MacCarthy Thomas , Roa Sergio , Scharff Matthew D , Edelmann Winfried , Chahwan Richard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
DNA damage response pathways rely extensively on nuclease activity to process DNA intermediates. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a pleiotropic evolutionary conserved DNA exonuclease involved in various DNA repair pathways, replication, antibody diversification, and meiosis. But, whether EXO1 facilitates these DNA metabolic processes through its enzymatic or scaffolding functions remains unclear. Here, we dissect the contribution of EXO1 enzymatic versus scaffolding activity by comparing Exo1DA/DA mice expressing a proven nuclease-dead mutant form of EXO1 to entirely EXO1-deficient Exo1−/− and EXO1 wild type Exo1+/+ mice. We show that Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice are compromised in canonical DNA repair processing, suggesting that the EXO1 enzymatic role is important for error-free DNA mismatch and double-strand break repair pathways. However, in non-canonical repair pathways, EXO1 appears to have a more nuanced function. Next-generation sequencing of heavy chain V region in B cells showed the mutation spectra of Exo1DA/DA mice to be intermediate between Exo1+/+ and Exo1–/– mice, suggesting that both catalytic and scaffolding roles of EXO1 are important for somatic hypermutation. Similarly, while overall class switch recombination in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice was comparably defective, switch junction analysis suggests that EXO1 might fulfill an additional scaffolding function downstream of class switching. In contrast to Exo1−/− mice that are infertile, meiosis progressed normally in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1+/+ cohorts, indicating that a structural but not the nuclease function of EXO1 is critical for meiosis. However, both Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice displayed similar mortality and cancer predisposition profiles. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EXO1 has both scaffolding and enzymatic functions in distinct DNA repair processes and suggest a more composite and intricate role for EXO1 in DNA metabolic processes and disease.
Ψ-Footprinting approach for the identification of protein synthesis inhibitor producers
Authors: Handel Franziska , Kulik Andreas , Wex Katharina W , Berscheid Anne , Saur Julian S , Winkler Anika , Wibberg Daniel , Kalinowski Jörn , Brötz-Oesterhelt Heike , Mast Yvonne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Today, one of the biggest challenges in antibiotic research is a targeted prioritization of natural compound producer strains and an efficient dereplication process to avoid undesired rediscovery of already known substances. Thereby, genome sequence-driven mining strategies are often superior to wet-lab experiments because they are generally faster and less resource-intensive. In the current study, we report on the development of a novel in silico screening approach to evaluate the genetic potential of bacterial strains to produce protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI), which was termed the protein synthesis inhibitor ('psi’) target gene footprinting approach = Ψ-footprinting. The strategy is based on the occurrence of protein synthesis associated self-resistance genes in genome sequences of natural compound producers. The screening approach was applied to 406 genome sequences of actinomycetes strains from the DSMZ strain collection, resulting in the prioritization of 15 potential PSI producer strains. For twelve of them, extract samples showed protein synthesis inhibitory properties in in vitro transcription/translation assays. For four strains, namely Saccharopolyspora flava DSM 44771, Micromonospora aurantiaca DSM 43813, Nocardioides albertanoniae DSM 25218, and Geodermatophilus nigrescens DSM 45408, the protein synthesis inhibitory substance amicoumacin was identified by HPLC-MS analysis, which proved the functionality of the in silico screening approach.