bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“SAVING LIVES OR SAVING STONES?” THE ETHICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION IN WAR
Authors: Matthes Erich Hatala 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn discussion surrounding the destruction of cultural heritage in armed conflict, one often hears two important claims in support of intervention to safeguard heritage. The first is that the protection of people and the protection of heritage are two sides of the same coin. The second is that the cultural heritage of any people is part of the common heritage of all humankind. In this article, I examine both of these claims, and consider the extent to which they align with the current practices that they are intended to justify.
RESTRICTING POLICE IMMUNITY
Authors: Potts Keagan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolice use force in high-stakes situations: as state agents, they are obligated to balance the suspect’s right to security against the community members’ right to safety. Currently, the doctrine of qualified immunity (DQI) overprotects police officers, which facilitates the use of illegitimate force. In section I, I survey the theoretical concerns motivating my inquiry into police authority. Section II develops these moral concerns by analyzing two deleterious effects of the DQI. Then, in section III, I show a proper conception of authority to be essential to balancing the two aforementioned rights and argue that the doctrine breeds excessive use of force because it fails to ensure police legitimacy. I finish by suggesting how we should restrict police immunity.
WHAT SHOULD BECOME OF CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS? A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Valls Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Confederate monuments, like all public monuments, are a form of state speech. As such, they are prohibited from endorsing, or expressing nostalgia for, racial hierarchy and white supremacy. In many cases, Confederate monuments are reasonably seen as expressing these views, and are therefore prohibited forms of state speech. But Confederate monuments are also a very diverse set of objects, varying in terms of their time of construction, their spatial location, their form, and their inscriptions. Some monuments are more objectionable than others because of their characteristics on these dimensions, and our normative assessments must take account of these features.
SOCIAL COOPERATION AS INSTITUTIONAL RULE-FOLLOWING
Authors: Melenovsky C. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe idea that society is a cooperative venture has been used by contractualists, contractarians, and deliberative democrats to justify the burdens of society to each member. In such a cooperative venture, those who benefit from society owe a contribution and those who contribute are owed benefits. Even though this idea is quite intuitive, there are deep disagreements about what makes society cooperative. Some focus on acts of production, others on fair interaction, and still others on the intention to contribute to shared projects. In this article, I show where this kind of disagreement causes problems in current debates, and I defend one conception of social cooperation as uniquely best. Specifically, I argue that the relevant acts that make society a cooperative venture are acts of institutional rule-following. Society is a cooperative venture because people cooperate with one another by following the rules of our basic institutions.
WOMEN IN PHILOSOPHY: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF SPECIALIZATION, PREVALENCE, VISIBILITY, AND GENERATIONAL CHANGE
Authors: Schwitzgebel Eric , Jennings Carolyn Dicey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drawing on data from a range of publicly available sources, we analyze the prevalence, visibility, and subfield specializations of women in philosophy, and how the situation has changed over time. Our data strongly support three conclusions: (1) gender disparity remains large in mainstream Anglophone philosophy; (2) ethics, construed broadly to include social and political philosophy, is closer to gender parity than are other fields in philosophy; and (3) women’s involvement in philosophy has increased since the 1970s. However, women’s involvement and visibility in mainstream Anglophone philosophy has increased only slowly; and by some measures, there has been virtually no gain since the 1990s. We find mixed evidence on the question of whether (4) gender disparity is greater at the highest level of visibility or prestige.
EPISTEMIC CORRUPTION AND MANUFACTURED DOUBT: THE CASE OF CLIMATE SCIENCE
Authors: Biddle Justin B. , Kidd Ian James , Leuschner Anna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Criticism plays an essential role in the growth of scientific knowledge. In some cases, however, criticism can have detrimental effects; for example, it can be used to "manufacture doubt" for the purpose of impeding public policy making on issues such as tobacco consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we build on previous work by Biddle and Leuschner who argue that criticism that meets certain conditions can be epistemically detrimental. We extend and refine their account by arguing that such criticism can be epistemically corrupting—it can create conditions that are conducive to the development of epistemic vice by agents operating within them.
Do sample size calculations in longitudinal orthodontic trials use the advantages of this study design?
Authors: Mheissen Samer , Seehra Jadbinder , Khan Haris , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To examine whether optimal calculations of the sample size are being used in longitudinal orthodontic trials.

Materials and Methods
Longitudinal orthodontic trials with a minimum of three time points of outcome assessment published between January 1, 2017, and December 30, 2020, were sourced from a single electronic database. Study characteristics at the level of each trial were undertaken independently and in duplicate. Descriptive statistics and summary values were calculated. Inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test and logistic regression) were applied to detect associations between reporting of a sample size calculation and the study characteristics.

Results
A total of 147 trials were analyzed; 75.5% of these trials reported a sample size calculation with none reporting optimal sample size calculation for longitudinal trials. Most of the longitudinal orthodontic trials did not report the correlation and the number of longitudinal measurements in calculating the sample size. An association between reporting of a sample size calculation (yes or no) and the type of journal (orthodontic and non-orthodontic) was detected with higher odds of reporting a sample size calculation in orthodontic journals than in non-orthodontic journals (3.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.59; P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
The findings of this study highlighted that the undertaking of optimal sample size calculations in longitudinal orthodontic trials is being underused. Greater awareness of the variables required for undertaking the correct sample size calculation in these trials is required to reduce suboptimal research practices.
Media Promosi untuk Membantu Promosi Desa Wisata
Authors: Jiwa Permana Agus Aan , Wirayani Made Padmi 
Published: February 2022

Kurangnya publikasi dalam bentuk manual maupun digital mengakibatkan kurangnya informasi kepada wisatawan mengenai wisata. Masyarakat atau wisatawan tidak banyak mengetahui mengenai potensi wisata yang ada di desa wisata yang terpencil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membantu masyarakat, khususnya di Desa Bug-Bug untuk mempromosikan objek wisata yang sedang digalakkan saat ini kepada wisatawan lokal dan mancanegara. Potensi wisata alam yang dimiliki di desa tersebut yaitu Pantai Pasir Putih dan Perkemahan Taman Harmoni Bali Bukit Asah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Beberapa metode digunakan untuk mengumpulan data dari lokasi wisata. Dilakukan sesi wawancara langsung dengan pimpinan atau tetua di desa tersebut. Setelah produk selesai akan dilakukan pengujian untuk uji ahli dan uji konten. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam riset ini adalah produk yang dihasilkan sudah dapat mewakili pemikiran dan harapan dari masyarakat untuk membantu promosi pengembangan desa wisata di desa tersebut. Melalui proses pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk membantu promosi daerah wisata.
The Voiceless Women: A Study in Shivani’s Bhairavi: The Runaway
Authors: Pant Megha 
Published: February 2022

The term ‘subaltern’ incorporates the entire people that are subordinates in terms of class, caste, gender and rank, or in any other way. When it operates in terms of class, gender and caste, it is more psychological than physical. Antonio Gramsci coined the term subaltern to identify the cultural hegemony (According to Merriam Webster the word hegemony means the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group).
This paper endeavors to highlight the voiceless Marginalized women in Shivani’s Bhairavi: The Runaway (a translation from the original Hindi text, Bhairavi rendered in English by Priyanka Sarkar). Shivani aka Gaura Pant was a very prolific and voluminous writer, she has many novels, short stories and essays to her credit. The English translation of her works give an insight into the deeper psychological understanding of women. Shivani’s purpose is to give voice to the marginalized women in the society and to explore the discrimination order of caste, gender and class.
Riesgo psicosocial intralaboral y síndrome de burnout en psiquiatras de una clínica de Antioquia en el 2020: serie de casos
Authors: López-Rincón María Angélica , Palacio-Jaramillo Julian David , Palacios-Palacios Yadilfa , Sánchez-Neira Yaline 
Published: February 2022

Introducción. El síndrome de burnout es un conjunto de signos y síntomas relacionados al desgaste ocasionado por el trabajo, fatiga emocional, despersonalización y disminución del sentido de logros personales, por lo cual se describen las características demográficas, los riesgos psicosociales intralaborales, el síndrome de burnout y el impacto percibido sobre el trabajo por el COVID 19 en un grupo de psiquiatras. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos en 13 psiquiatras incluidos por muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, que completaron la escala de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral, la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory y una encuesta relacionada con coronavirus SARS- COV-2. Resultados. Los casos presentan una edad promedio de 35 años con predomino del sexo femenino, el 65.1% de los casos reportó que la emoción prevalente fue angustia, temor al contagio e interferencia en el trabajo ante la situación de pandemia, el 69.2% de los casos, percibieron que incrementó las actividades intralaborales, con aumento de consultas virtuales, resultados mayores a los obtenidos en estudios, dónde los valores van desde el 30% al 34.5% en la misma dimensión. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout fue de 7.7% en psiquiatras de una clínica de tercer nivel en Antioquía, en los trece casos reportados se encontró un riesgo muy alto asociado a las condiciones laborales, así como de las actividades laborales ante la actual situación de pandemia por SARS- COV-2.
Evaluation of the Impact of Tractor Field Works on Changes in Selected Elements of Engine Oils
Authors: Gołębiowski Wojciech , Zając Grzegorz , Sarkan Branislav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tractors are used for various types of field work, as well as for transport on public roads, in difficult and changing environmental conditions. The main goal of the study was to analyze the changes of trace elements in engine oil during various field works. For this purpose, engine oils from two tractors were selected for the study. These tractors were coupled with: a cultivator, a reversible plow, a tillage-sowing unit, and a trailer. The samples were taken at the beginning and after the field work with a given unit was completed. The instrumental chemical analysis method HDXRF was used to determine changes in the content of the trace elements: Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Ca, P, Zn, and Mo in the engine oil. The comparison of oil from tractors coupled with various agricultural machines allowed the conclusion that the distribution of the consumption of tested metals, as well as the concentrations of individual elements, differed significantly depending on the coupled machine. The research showed that agricultural treatments with a cultivator caused the highest percentage of wear-induced changes in the content of metal elements such as Cr, Cu, and Pb. On the other hand, the operation of a tractor coupled with a tillage-sowing unit resulted in the vehicle’s accelerated wear.
Health consequences of vitamin D deficiency in the human body
Authors: Glibowski Paweł , Iłowiecka Katarzyna , Środek Karolina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vitamin D is extremely important for the proper functioning of the body. The most commonly known role of vitamin D is its participation in regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism and bone mineralization. This role is crucial in the prevention of rickets in children and osteoporosis in the elderly. In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D. Proper vitamin D levels in blood have a positive effect on overall health, thus reducing the risk of many diseases. Vitamin D plays, inter alia, a positive role in some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (inflammatory bowel disease), nervous system (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease), and cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis). Additionally, its positive protective effect in the case of neoplastic and immunological diseases has been noted. Some studies also confirm the relationship of vitamin D deficiency to obesity and depression. In the event of these diseases, it is possible to prevent disease and support the process of treatment by maintaining appropriate levels of 25(OH)D in the blood. Besides, sufficient blood vitamin D levels reduces the risk of developing respiratory tract infections and suppresses cytokine storm, which is responsible for most COVID-19 deaths.
The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge regarding the role of vitamin D in the human body, especially in the context of the impact of its abnormal level on the development of various diseases.
The modelling and implementation of the virtual 3D animation scene based on the geometric centre-of-mass algorithm
Authors: Chen Ruxue , Sulaimani Hani Jamal , Hoon Kim Sae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the process of modernisation, the essence of virtual 3D animation scene modelling is to enhance the rendering effect of animation, so designers need to understand and skilfully use virtual reality technology. During the scene modelling, the system perception module will obtain the perception information on the basis of understanding the behaviour state of the role, and thus provide the data basis for the emotion module and the behaviour module. Among them, the emotion module is mainly used to adjust the emotional changes of the role, and the behaviour module is mainly used to build the motion database. So this article after understanding the current situation on the basis of the virtual 3D animation scene modelling, use the geometric centroid algorithm for virtual 3D animation scene modelling technology to realise in-depth understanding, and the final results prove that the build system can not only clear intuitive present animation image, but can be in effective connection also, on the basis of multiple motion clips, to maintain the original movement in detail.
Mathematical simulation experiment based on optimisation of heat treatment process of aluminium alloy materials
Authors: Su Jing , Yuan Sunan , Joseph Nympha Rita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper establishes a related differential equation model about changes in financial interest rates. It uses information related to liquidity to feedback the law and stability of differential equations in interest rate changes. The article applies stochastic processes and partial differential equations to complex financial networks to confirm node yields in financial market networks. It confirms the existence of interest rate stickiness in Chinese financial markets. The advantage of this interest rate model is that when the external economic environment changes, the state of interest rates will also change accordingly.
AtanK-A New SVM Kernel for Classification
Authors: Tian Meng , Li Hongkui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of support vector machine in practice is closely related to the optimal selection of kernel functions and their hyper-parameters. A novel kernel, namely the arctangent kernel, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the Gaussian kernel, the new proposed kernel has a quick similarity descent in the neighborhood of the inspection sample and a moderate similarity descent toward the infinity of the inspection sample. The experimental results on two simulated data sets and some UCI data sets show that the new proposed kernel function has better effectiveness and robustness compared with the polynomial kernel, the Gaussian kernel, the exponential radial basis function, and the former proposed kernel with moderate decreasing.
Sports Science Teaching of Athletics Based on Nonlinear Mathematical Equation
Authors: Niu Lifen , Durakoglu Abdulhamit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To study the teaching of sports science in athletics, this paper adopts the method of a nonlinear mathematical equation, According to the explosive power = force * speed and hill force speed equation, the best matching value between the load weight and the muscle contraction speed when the athlete reaches the maximum explosive power is obtained by the mathematical method, to achieve the objective of quantifying and scientifying the maximum explosive power training method according to the individual ability of the athlete. The results show that the training intensity is slightly lower than the optimal strength load (about 30%F0) and faster than the optimal movement speed. Jumping events adopt load weight higher than the optimal load to 50% F0 and load intensity slightly slower than the optimal speed combination for training; Conclusion: According to the characteristics of track and field events, this paper discusses the application of the research results in the training of athletes’ explosive development in different track and field events, to achieve better training effect and improve students’ athletic ability.
Soil moisture levels affect growth, flower production and yield of cucumber
Authors: Odhiambo Judith Achieng , Aguyoh Joseph Nyamori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Field trial to determine the optimum soil moisture level for enhanced performance of cucumber was conducted in polyethylene covered rain shelter for two seasons in 2017 and repeated in 2018. The research was conducted at Rongo University Research and Teaching field. Three seeds of cucumber ‘Ashley’ were sown directly in 3.5 litre plastic pots containing 8 kg of sterilised air-dried growth medium made up of sand and top soil in the ratio of 1:2. The treatments were four levels of water applied at 100 % (control), 80 %, 60 % and 40 % pot capacity. The experimental design was completely randomised block design replicated three times. Data on the plant growth, flower production and yield were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean separation tests at p ≤ 0.05 level of significance. There were significant differences on the vine growth, internodes length and diameter as a result of Water Stress (WS) levels. The treatments also significantly affected the Relative Leaf Water Content (RLWC) and Relative Leaf Expansion Rate (RLER) but did not affect the number of leaves per vine. Fruit firmness was also affected by water stress. To optimise the productivity of cucumber, the soil moisture level should be maintained to at least 80 % of the field capacity throughout its productive phase.
Political rationalities related to the public participation as exemplified by the Warsaw #housing2030 project
Authors: Zubrzycka-Czarnecka Aleksandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article analyses political rationalities positioning residents in decision-making in the context of #housing2030 project in Warsaw, Poland. The paper applies a governmental approach, a policy analysis tool reconstructed (on the ground of existing studies) by Greg Marston and Catherine McDonald (2006). As reported in the article, two political rationalities were identified: (1) public participation designed in the context of local communities and neighbourhoods and (2) public (tenant) participation designed in the context of neoliberal governance in housing. It was found that in the case of the #housing2030 project, the contradiction of political rationalities leads to an incoherent vision of public participation in housing policymaking and to some residents (social tenants) being treated differently. The article argues that this contributes to the micro-practices of social scepticism and distrust on the part of tenant organisations and urban movements towards the #housing2030 project.
Elevated resting heart rates are a risk factor for mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Jin Han , Yang Shengwen , Yang Fan , Zhang Long , Weng Haoyu , Liu Shengcong , Fan Fangfang , Li Haichao , Zheng Xizi , Yang Hongyu , Zhang Yan , Zhou Jing , Li Jianping 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
We evaluated the association between higher resting heart rates (RHRs) and adverse events in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
One hundred and thirty-six patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted. Outcomes of patients with different RHRs were compared.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients had RHRs of <80 bpm (beat per min), 85 had 80–99 bpm and 22 had ≥100 bpm as tachycardia. Those with higher RHRs had lower pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and higher temperatures, and there was a higher proportion of men upon admission (all P < 0.05). Patients with higher RHRs showed higher white blood cell counts and D-dimer, cardiac troponin I (TnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels, but lower albumin levels (all P < 0.05) after admission. During follow-up, 26 patients died (mortality rate, 19.1%). The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with tachycardia than among the moderate and low RHR groups (all P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the risks of death and ventilation use increased for patients with tachycardia (P < 0.001). Elevated RHR as a continuous variable and a mean RHR as tachycardia were independent risk factors for mortality and ventilator use (all P < 0.05) in the multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Conclusions:
Elevated average RHRs during the first 3 days of hospitalisation were associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Average RHRs as tachycardia can independently predict all-cause mortality.
New insights of epigenetics in vascular and cellular senescence
Authors: Zhu Menglin , Ding Qian , Lin Zhongxiao , Chen Xu , Chen Siyao , Zhu Yizhun 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Vascular senescence plays a vital role in cardiovascular diseases and it is closely related to cellular senescence. At the molecular level, aging begins with a single cell, and it is characterized by telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, and so on. Epigenetics is an independent discipline that modifies DNA activity without altering the DNA sequence. The application of epigenetics helps to alleviate the occurrence of human diseases, inhibit senescence, and even inhibit tumor occurrence. Epigenetics mainly includes the modification of DNA, histone, and noncoding RNA. Herein, the application of epigenetics in vascular senescence and aging has been reviewed to provide the prospects and innovative inspirations for future research.