bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spleen Stiffness Measurement as Non-Invasive Surrogate for Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Sagar Tiwari Pratap , KC Sudhamshu 
Published: June 2022

Background: In patients with chronic liver diseases, liver and spleen stiffness measurement by elastography is the most recent available noninvasive tool. However, the accuracy for prediction of esophageal varices has been inconsistent across various studies. So, this study was done to evaluate the diagnostic performance of spleen stiffness measurement for detecting esophageal varices.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 19 March to 30 June 2019. Participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled for the study and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination along with measurement of liver and spleen stiffness by fibroscan.
Results: A total of 78 patients were enrolled. Mean age (±SD) was 49.79 (±10.92) years. Of 78 patients, 58 (74.4 %) had esophageal varices. Among patients with varices, Small esophageal varices were present in 44.8 % (26) and large esophageal varices were present in 55.2 % (32).Liver stiffness higher than 21.7 kPa was found to detect patients with large esophageal varices and the area under the receiver operating curve being 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 – 0.89); p<0.001. It had sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 63% in predicting the presence of large esophageal varices. While, spleen stiffness having a cutoff value of 40 kPa with the area under the receiver operating curve being 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.96 – 1.00); p<0.001, had sensitivity of 100.0 % and specificity of 87.0 % in predicting the presence of large esophageal varices.
Conclusion: Spleen stiffness measurements by Transient Elastography predict large esophageal varices better than liver stiffness measurements.
Diagnosing Malignancy by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Cases of Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Ghimire Bibek , Basnet Meenakshi , Shrestha Nischal , Amatya Satish , Bhattarai Suju 
Published: June 2022

Background: A solitary thyroid nodule is a discrete swelling that is palpable in apparently normal thyroid gland. It can be identified clinically as well as radiologically. This study aims to find the prevalence of malignancy in clinically detected solitary thyroid nodule and to compare the findings in pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology test with post-operative histopathological examination to assess the accuracy of the test.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department in our hospital from January to December 2021 with clinically diagnosed solitary thyroid nodules. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee ofNobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (58412021). The collected data were collected in Microsoft Excel 2013and was analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% ConfidenceInterval and descriptive statistics were interpreted as frequency, percentage, or as mean and standarddeviations.
Results: Among 37 patients with clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules, malignancy was found in 12 (32.43%) (17.35-47.51 at 95% Confidence Interval).The mean age of presentation was 34 ± 13 years with male female ratio of 1:8.Fine needle aspiration cytology had 64.00% sensitivity and 75.68% specificity in detecting benign lesions and 100% both in detecting malignancy.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malignancy by fine needle aspiration cytology among clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules was high as compared to other similar studies done in similar settings
Epithelial Cell Abnormality in Cervical Pap Smear with Histopathological Correlation among Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Das Manish Kumar , Bhandari Rashmita 
Published: June 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading health problem among women all over the world with significant mortality and morbidity in developing countries like Nepal. Pap smear is an effective and cost efficient diagnostic technique for cervical lesions. This study aims at histopathological correlation of cervical Pap smears.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2022 in Pathology department of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). 119 cases of cervical Pap smear were reported using the Bethesda system and correlated with histopathological examination findings for various epithelial cell abnormalities. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.
Results: Out of 5110 smears examined, 119 were positive for epithelial cell abnormalities. Cellular abnormality was commonly seen between 31-60 years of age. Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the commonest lesion found. Pap smear findings had good concordance rates with histopathological findings for individual lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Pap smear were 84%, 23.1%, 89.9%, 15% and 77.3% respectively.
Conclusion: Pap smear has a good diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and positive predictive value in diagnosing cervical lesions in comparison to histopathological examination
Comparison of Blood Pressure Readings on a Bare Arm, over a Sleeve Arm and over a Rolled-Up Sleeve Arm in Outpatient Department of Medicine in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital
Authors: Vaidya Nirish , Bhattarai Nishan , Gami Prabhat , Tamang Bijay , Bade Sahil , Bade Sohail 
Published: June 2022

Background: It is universally recommended that blood pressure should be measured on bare arm for accurate reading. However, this is seldom done in busy clinical schedules. This study aims to see if clothing adjustments should be a concern while measuring blood pressure under suboptimal conditions.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at medicine department of Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel Hospital among conveniently selected 100 patients. After getting informed consent, consecutive blood pressure measurements were done over rolled-up sleeve arm, sleeve arm and bare arm in seated position. Socio-demographic information were obtained through an interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Statistical Software for Social Sciences version 20.
Results: The median of differences between sleeved arm and bare arm was 0 for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the median value for differences between rolled up arm and bare arm was 2 units for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although the differences looked statistically significant, the size of the differences was not clinically significant.
Conclusion: Meticulous clothing adjustment has clinically insignificant differences in measurement of blood pressure if patient is wearing thin sleeves. Therefore, in suboptimal conditions, blood pressure can be measured on rolled-up sleeve arm and sleeve arm if patient is wearing thin sleeve clothes.
Management Practice of Women in Entrepreneurship Activities of Micro Enterprise Running in Parbat District, Nepal
Authors: Dhaubhadel Sarita , Modi Devendra Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Correction: On 21st September 2022 the co-author was changed from Dr D.K. Maheshwari to Prof. Dr. Devendra Kumar Modi
Micro-enterprises are small-scale businesses run by low-income people with government or non-government assistance. It helps people manage their daily requirements by improving their quality of life and adding value to the local economy in underdeveloped countries. They provide many small-scale jobs, raise income, increase purchasing power, and strengthen the country's economy. The major goal of this research was to find out how women micro-entrepreneurs may run their businesses as under-represented and seemingly stigmatized minority business owners. Micro businesses make managerial decisions based on individual tastes and priorities. The study discovered that the true meaning of micro-enterprise management goes beyond the standard business semantics. The study included 384 women from the Parbat district of Nepal who worked in micro-enterprises. According to the study, the participation of family members has a substantial impact on the success of a micro business. The results suggest that 99 percent of the women agreed the involvement of family members and supporters to run the enterprise. Similarly 74.50 percent women agreed that they received training to run their enterprise.
Influence of trainings with the use of gymnastic platforms on the level of physical fitness of female servicemen
Authors: Нlazunov S. 
Published: June 2022

The article considers the organization of trainings with the use of gymnastic platforms during physical training sessions in the autumn-winter period of female cadets training in the Military Institute. It was found that during the training sessions in gender-based mixed groups, female military personnel did not always have sufficient workload and positive training effect. This is due to the different content of the exercises for the military men and women, as well as the significant difference in their level of preparedness. It is proposed to use the exercises on gymnastic platforms during physical training sessions in gender-based groups for female cadets. These exercises were carried out during practical training sessions. The experiment lasted for four months. The experiment involved 29 female cadets in an experimental and control group. As the main means of training were used: the basic step of getting on the platform, step with raising the leg, attached steps, jumping. The duration of the individual exercise on the platforms increased gradually from 15-20 seconds in the first month of training to 2 minutes in the fourth month of training. The exercise on the platforms was combined with exercises for the development of strength qualities and exercises for flexibility.
The results of the experiment revealed a reliable improvement in the speed and strength endurance of the control group cadets. The overall endurance of female cadets in both groups deteriorated during the experiment (p≥0.05). The lower rate of deterioration was observed among the cadets of the experimental group. Positive feedback on the conduct of physical training using gymnastic platforms indicates an increase in the motivation of female cadets to physical improvement.
Physical development and physical fitness of students of different functional groups of health
Authors: Madyar-Fazekash E. , Voronchak M. , Hutsul N. 
Published: June 2022

The construction of physical education classes for students should be provided not only by solving special and individual problems of physical education, but also by solving the general physiological action of the body as a whole, which prevents hypodynamics, lack of motor activity, stimulates metabolism, restores and strengthens motor skills.
Аre given the results of the anthropometric and Uzhhorod National University (UzhNU) fiziometricheskikh measurements 3279 of the students of Irkutsk national research technical university (IRNITU) and testing of their engine of qual. It is established that the anthropometric and fiziometricheskie indices in youths and girls I (of basic) functional group of health (with exception of the mass of body in girls), are reliably higher than in the students II (of preparatory) functional group. The values of indices in the engine tests in I the functional group are reliably above both in the girls and in youths. The reliable difference in the test to the flexibility between all students of both functional groups it is not established. The higher content of muscular mass into the tele- girls and the youths I of functional group and better physical development ensures their advantage in the engine qualities, in comparison with the students, in reference to II the functional group. The content of fatty mass is more in all students, in reference to I the functional group. The differences between the indices of the bone mass of body in the observed groups of health it is not established. The revealed special features of physical development and physical preparedness of students should be calculated during the organization of training process on the basis of discipline “physical culture” (Institute of Higher Education).
Age features of indicators of efficiency of defensive tactical actions of young football players of 11-15 years
Authors: Stepanenko V. , Pogrebnyi V. 
Published: June 2022

This article presents the results of studies of age characteristics of indicators of effectiveness of protective tactical actions of young football players at the stage of preliminary basic training. An objective reflection of the effectiveness of defensive tactical actions in competitions of young football players aged 11-15 is the integrated coefficient of effectiveness (EC) of defensive actions, which consists of EC selections, interceptions, headers in defense and counterattacks.
Studies have shown that these characteristics do not improve significantly with age. The exception is 14 years of age, where the integrated KE defensive actions, KE interceptions and head games in defense have a probable increase (p <0.05). The probable increase in these indicators coincides with a significant increase at this age in such morphological characteristics as body length in the standing position and the length of the lower extremities.
Indicators of the effectiveness of protective actions in the process of competitive activity are positively correlated with each other. Particularly high statistically significant correlations in all age groups of subjects were observed between EC selections and counteractions (p <0.001), as well as between EC interceptions and header defenses.
Features of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of schoolchildren aged 10-16 with posture disorders
Authors: Khrabra S. , Vakulenko L. , Barladin O. , Grushko V. , Veremchuk O. 
Published: June 2022

Analyzing the posture rating maps, we noted that all surveyed students have normal height and body weight relative to their age. The sums of points of indicators of a rating of a posture of schoolboys testify that pupils of fifth classes already have moderate infringements of separate characteristics of the musculoskeletal system. Quantitative indicators average 92.5 points (norm 110 points). The most common disorders involve the position of the head, the deviation of the neck from the midline, shoulders and shoulders are asymmetrical. The sum of the scores of the posture rating of seventh-graders is an average of 78.5 points. This is the lowest score in the ranking of students surveyed. In 40% there is a valgus position of the heels, in 62.5% – stooping and flat and flat-concave back. In the eighth grade, 56.2% of students who passed the posture test have deviations in almost all indicators of the posture rating map. In grades 9-11, 25% of students have postural defects according to 8-9 indicators of the map… and 50% of students, we noted incorrect positions of the head, neck, asymmetrically located shoulders and shoulders.
The Kerdo index in schoolchildren of all groups characterized the predominance of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system: 62.1 ± 2.8% of people have a predominance of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, 14.6 ± 1.5% of people – parasympathetic, others – functional balance.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Tata Surya dengan Alat Peraga Visual Siswa Kelas VII B SMP Negeri 5 Jember
Authors: Qodrina Irma Laila 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA materi tata surya dengan alat peraga visual pada siswa kelas VIIB SMPN 5 Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas melalui tiga siklus, setiap siklus memiliki empat kegiatan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan,pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIIB SMPN 5 Jember yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Instrumen penelitian meliputi RPP, lembar observasi guru, lembar observasi siswa, dan tes evaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, tes. Hasil penelitian memaparkan alat peraga visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA materi Tata Surya pada siswa kelas VIIB SMPN 5 Jember Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Peningkatan siswa yang tuntas belajar dari Siklus I ke Siklus II 18,75% dan Siklus II ke Siklus III 18,75%. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perolehan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada Siklus I 53,13% siswa tuntas belajar, Siklus II 71,88%, siswa tuntas belajar, dan Siklus III 90,63% siswa tuntas belajar. Siswa yang belum tuntas belajar pada Siklus III akan diberikan tutorial tentang materi pelajaran, latihan soal, dan ujian mandiri yang didampingi oleh guru sehingga diharapkan semua siswa dapat tuntas belajar. Sedangkan dari perolehan nilai rata-rata menunjukan peningkatan tiap siklusnya, yaitu pada siklus 1 sebesar 71,38, siklus 2 sebesar 74,34 dan siklus 3 sebesar 78,09 .
Teknik Field Trip dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Feature yang Berkearifan Lokal pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Nufus Hayatun , Barkudin Barkudin , Agustina Juaidah 
Published: June 2022

Menulis feature masih menjadi suatu yang sulit bagi siswa SMA terutama dalam menuangkan gagasan dengan cara mengisahkan fakta yang singkat, jelas, dan menarik. Untuk itu, diperlukan teknik yang tepat dalam mengajarkan feature. Salah satu teknik yang diharapkan membantu mahasiswa mampu menulis feature yaitu teknik field trip. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan teknik field trip dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis feature yang berkeraifan lokal pada siswa SMA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Proses penelitian tindakan terdiri dari prosedur empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengembangan, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan data pra test dan dua kali siklus, penggunaan teknik field trip dapat meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam menulis feature. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat pada ketercapaian KKM yaitu mencapai nilai 75 dari pra siklus berjumlah 7 orang peserta didik atau 41%, siklus I terdapat 13 orang peserta didik yang tuntas atau 76%, kemudian siklus II terdapat 17 orang peserta didik tuntas atau 100%. Sedangkan yang belum mencapai KKM mengalami penurunan dari pra siklus sebesar 59%, siklus I sebesar 24%, dan siklus II menjadi 0%. Untuk itu, teknik field trip direkomendasikan bisa diterapkan dalam pembelajaran menulis pada jenjang SMA dan sederajat dengan memberikan teks yang memiliki unsur kearifa lokal.
Efficiency of Strength Development trough Specific Aquatic Means for Junior Basketball Players
Authors: Tomele S.C. , Neamtu M. 
Published: June 2022

U15 basketball juniors are at puberty, during this period there are psycho-physiological transformations with profound repercussions in
terms of their physical constitution. In the training of junior basketball players at this stage, in addition to learning the correct technical and tactical procedures and improving motor skills, it is recommended by specialists to emphasize a harmonious physical development, a good functioning of the body with special attention to posture and functional disorders that may occur during this period. The study aims to implement a program of exercises specific to aquatic activities adapted to the particularities of U15 junior basketball players and to find out the effects produced on the increase of physical strength for these athletes.
The Formation of Police Law in the System of Special Administrative Law of Ukraine
Authors: Karabin Tetyana , Bilash Oleksandr 
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the investigation of the formation of police law in the legal system of Ukraine and its meaningful content. The separation of police law is considered controversial in Ukrainian science, so its research also requires analysis of the relationship with related parts of the legal array, in particular, general administrative law, administrative tort law, administrative procedure and more.
The material of the article is represented by highlighting issues that need to be addressed during the formation of special administrative law in Ukraine in general and the problems of the formation of police law in particular. The study also outlines the already developed positions and scholarly prerequisites for the formation of a sub-branch of police law. Nevertheless, there is no generally accepted understanding of what is police activity in the Ukrainian doctrine, which relations should be attributed to police-law ones, which authorities are referred to the police. The article attempts to answer these questions, and also a particular structure of police law as a sub-branch of modern administrative law of Ukraine is proposed. Specifically, it is a set of norms that define and regulate the formation of authorities that ensure public safety, law and order; tasks and powers of police authorities; grounds and procedure for application of police measures, procedures; rights and responsibilities of citizens in the field of police activities.
Perceptions and understanding of tele-physiotherapy: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shalabi Kholood M. , Almodaraa Arwa N. , Ali Alrajhi Raghad , Alotaibi Lamia N. , Batt Wejdan H. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Tele-physiotherapy continues to rise, noticeably in Saudi Arabia which established a tele-physiotherapy initiative in 2018. However, data about the population’s understanding of tele-physiotherapy are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To explore Saudi population’s perception of tele-physiotherapy, and the correlation between quality of life and tele-physiotherapy preferences. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey conducted on Riyadh residents, using a self-administered tele-physiotherapy survey and the SF-12 quality of life (QoL) index (Arabic version). RESULTS: Of 1011 participants, 85.3% were female, 50.8% were aged 26 to 50 years, almost 75% had university-level education, and 34.2% were employed. Only 19% had heard about tele-physiotherapy, with 43.7% of them citing social media as a source. Only 2.5% had tried tele-physiotherapy. Almost half reported uncertainty about most of the tele-physiotherapy questions, and over half recognised limitations e.g., anxiety about incorrectly performing the exercises (79.7%), therapist communication (51.7%), technical problems (70.7%), and privacy violations (66.3%). However, 58.7% said they would try tele-physiotherapy. There was no significant correlation between SF-12 QoL scores and participants’ tele-physiotherapy knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant lack of knowledge among our cohort of patients about tele-physiotherapy. Even though, the willingness to try tele-physiotherapy was generally positive. More strategies need to be implemented to educate the Saudi individuals about tele-physiotherapy.