bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Factors and Prognosis of De Novo Aneurysms After Aneurysm Clipping
Authors: Lu Zhuangzhuang , Wang Chao , Tang Fengjiao , Feng Yugong 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To confirm this hypothesis, this study aimed to explore the pathogenic factors, prognosis, and their relationship in de novo aneurysms and to reach a consensus on their management.

Methods:
First, the clinical data of 5 patients with de novo aneurysms from April 1998 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Then, the English literature on de novo aneurysms reported in Pubmed from 1985 to 2021 was systematically reviewed, and 18 case reports from 17 articles and 16 case series were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses and modified Fisher test were used to analyze the relationship between pathogenic factors and prognosis.

Results:
Hypertension was noted in 60% of our clinical cases, 50% of the case series identified in the literature review, and 66.7% of the case reports in the literature review. In the case reports identified from our literature review, the proportion of original aneurysms in the anterior circulation was 96.3%. Moreover, in our 5 cases, all original aneurysms occurred in the anterior circulation. The rupture rate of original aneurysms in our 5 cases was 100%, and that of the cases reported in the literature review was 88.9%. Univariate logistic analysis showed that the time interval was related to the prognosis of de novo aneurysms with a P value of 0.048 and an odds ratio of 0.968 (95% confidence interval 0.938–1.000). Modified Fisher exact tests showed that patient age at the occurrence of de novo aneurysm P = 0.029) was related to the prognosis of de novo aneurysms.

Conclusions:
Hypertension, an original aneurysms located in the anterior circulation and rupture represent the pathogenic factors associated with de novo aneurysms. The time interval to de novo aneurysm and patient age at the occurrence of de novo aneurysm are predictive of prognosis. Based on the above information, we can prevent and improve the prognosis of de novo aneurysms.
A Booklet to Promote Psychological Health in New Families Affected by Craniosynostosis
Authors: Stock Nicola M. , Kearney Anna , Horton Jo , Pearse Lucy , O’Driscoll Michelle , Murfett Lucy , Hilton Caroline , Pearse Kris , Wilkinson-Bell Karen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Recent research indicates that parents of children with craniosynostosis may be at risk of emotional distress. Yet, parents may not be accessing the support they need to cope with common challenges. The aim of this project was to develop a research-informed booklet to promote psychological health in new families, and to assess acceptability of the booklet within the craniosynostosis community. The first draft was designed in close collaboration with leading UK charity Headlines Craniofacial Support 5 parent representatives, and 3 specialist clinical psychologists via online focus groups. The draft booklet, attached to an online acceptability survey, was distributed to a broader group of parents and multidisciplinary specialists working in craniofacial teams in England for feedback. A total of 44 complete responses to the online acceptability survey were received. Acceptability (measured by the number of respondents who would recommend the booklet) was 100%. All respondents reported they “agreed” or “strongly agreed” with the UK-wide distribution of the booklet. Evidence for psychological intervention in the craniofacial field remains scarce, and specialist teams may be under-resourced to effectively screen and support parents. It is hoped this booklet will begin to address the gap in psychological support for new families affected by craniosynostosis.
Lung Transplant Outcomes in Adults in the United States: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-world Evidence from the SRTR
Authors: Erdman Jay , Wolfram Josephine , Nimke David , Croy Richard , Wang Xuegong , Weaver Tim , Schladt David , Fitzsimmons William E. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was retrospectively analyzed to provide real-world evidence of the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens in adult lung transplant recipients in the United States.

Methods.
Adult recipients (N = 25 355; ≥18 y) of a primary deceased-donor lung transplant between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2017, were followed for 3 y posttransplant based on immunosuppressive regimen at discharge: immediate-release tacrolimus (TAC) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), TAC + azathioprine (AZA), cyclosporine (CsA) + MMF, or CsA + AZA. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of graft failure or death (all-cause) at 1 y posttransplant (calculated via a modified Kaplan–Meier method).

Results.
Discharge immunosuppressive regimens in lung transplant recipients changed over time, with a substantial increase in the use of TAC + MMF. TAC + MMF was the most common immunosuppressive regimen (received by 61.0% of individuals at discharge). The cumulative incidence of graft failure or death at 1 y posttransplant in adult lung transplant patients receiving TAC + MMF was 8.6% (95% confidence interval 8.1-9.1). Risk of graft failure or death was significantly higher in adults receiving CsA + MMF or CsA + AZA compared with TAC + MMF, with no significant difference seen between TAC + MMF and TAC + AZA. TAC + MMF had the highest continued use at 1 y posttransplant (72.0% versus 35.4%–51.5% for the other regimens). There was no increase in the rate of infection or malignancy in the TAC + MMF group.

Conclusions.
Real-world evidence from the most comprehensive database of transplant recipients in the United States supports the use of TAC in combination with MMF or AZA as maintenance immunosuppression in adult lung transplant recipients.
Age-dependent Sex Differences in Graft Loss After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Vinson Amanda J. , Zhang Xun , Dahhou Mourad , Süsal Caner , Döhler Bernd , Sapir-Pichhadze Ruth , Cardinal Heloise , Melk Anette , Wong Germaine , Francis Anna , Pilmore Helen , Foster Bethany J. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
Sex differences in kidney graft loss rates were reported in the United States. Whether these differences are present in other countries is unknown.

Methods.
We estimated the association between recipient sex and death-censored graft loss in patients of all ages recorded in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, and Collaborative Transplant Study registries who received a first deceased donor kidney transplant (1988–2019). We used multivariable Cox regression models, accounting for the modifying effects of donor sex and recipient age, in each registry separately; results were combined using individual patient data meta-analysis.

Results.
We analyzed 438 585 patients. Young female patients 13–24 y old had the highest crude graft loss rates (female donor: 5.66; male donor: 5.50 per 100 person-years). Among young recipients of male donors, females showed higher graft loss risks than males (0–12 y: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.42, (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.73); 13–24 y: 1.24 (1.17-1.32); 25–44 y: 1.09 (1.06-1.13)). When the donor was female, there were no significant differences by recipient sex among those of age <45 y; however, the aHR for females was 0.93 (0.89–0.98) in 45–59 y-old and 0.89 (0.86–0.93) in ≥ 60 y-old recipients. Findings were similar for all 3 registries in most age intervals; statistically significant heterogeneity was seen only among 13–24-y-old recipients of a female donor (I2 = 71.5%, P = 0.03).

Conclusions.
There is an association between recipient sex and kidney transplantation survival that is modified by recipient age and donor sex.
Novel Ex-Vivo Thrombolytic Reconditioning of Kidneys Retrieved 4 to 5 Hours After Circulatory Death
Authors: Olausson Michael , Antony Deepti , Travnikova Galina , Johansson Martin , Nayakawde Nikhil B. , Banerjee Debashish , Søfteland John Mackay , Premaratne Goditha U. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
Due to organ shortage, many patients do not receive donor organs. The present novel thrombolytic technique utilizes organs from donors with uncontrolled donation after circulatory deaths (uDCD), with up to 4–5 h warm ischemia, without advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (aCPR) or extracorporeal circulation (EC) after death.

Methods.
The study group of pigs (n = 21) underwent simulated circulatory death. After 2 h, an ice slush was inserted into the abdomen. Kidneys were retrieved 4.5 h after death. Lys-plasminogen, antithrombin-III (ATIII), and alteplase (tPA) were injected through the renal arteries on the back table. Subsequent ex vivo perfusion at 15 °C was continued for 3 h, followed by 3 h with red blood cells (RBCs) at 32 °C. Perfusion outcome and histology were compared between uDCD kidneys, receiving no thrombolytic treatment (n = 8), and live donor kidneys (n = 7). The study kidneys were then transplanted into pigs as autologous grafts with a single functioning autologous kidney as the only renal support. uDCD control pigs (n = 8), receiving no ex vivo perfusion, served as controls.

Results.
Vascular resistance decreased to <200 mmHg/mL/min (P < 0.0023) and arterial flow increased to >100 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.00019) compared to controls. In total 13/21 study pigs survived for >10 days, while all uDCD control pigs died. Histology was preserved after reconditioning, and the creatinine level after 10 days was next to normal.

Conclusions.
Kidneys from extended uDCD, not receiving aCPR/EC, can be salvaged using thrombolytic treatment to remove fibrin thrombi while preserving histology and enabling transplantation with a clinically acceptable early function.
Factors Associated With Abducens Nerve Palsy in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Petroclival Meningiomas
Authors: Yoo Jihwan , Lim Seung Hun , Jung In-Ho , Park Hun Ho , Han Jinu , Hong Chang-Ki 
Published: January 2022

Background:
During the surgical resection of petroclival meningiomas, preserving the cranial nerves is crucial. The abducens nerve is particularly vulnerable during surgery. However, the preoperative risk factors and postoperative prognosis of abducens nerve palsy (ANP) are poorly understood.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 70 patients who underwent surgery for petroclival meningiomas between May 2010 and December 2019, divided into gross-total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) groups. The relationship of preoperative clinical factors with the incidence and recovery of postoperative ANP was analyzed.

Results:
Postoperative ANP was observed in 23 patients (32.9%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the tumor-to-cerebellar peduncle T2 imaging intensity index (TCTI) (P < 0.001) and internal auditory canal invasion (P = 0.033) contributed to postoperative ANP. GTR was achieved in 37 patients (52.9%), and 10 (27.0%) of them showed ANP. STR was achieved in 33 patients (47.1%), and 13 (39.4%) of them showed ANP. Recovery from ANP took a median of 6.6 months (range, 4.5–20.3 months). At 6 months after the operation, recovery of the abducens nerve function was observed in 16 patients (69.0%); of whom, 4 (40.0%) were in the GTR group and 12 (92.3%) were in the STR group (P = 0.025).

Conclusions:
TCTI and internal auditory canal invasion were the risk factors for postoperative ANP. Although intentional STR did not prevent ANP immediately after the operation, recovery of the abducens nerve function after surgery was observed more frequently in the STR group than in the GTR group.
Dialysis-Associated Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Donaldson Laura , Freund Paul , Aslahi Ramona , Margolin Edward 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Dialysis-associated nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (DA-NAION) occurs secondary to intradialytic hypotension often with catastrophic consequences and is one of the rare situations where NAION can recur in the same eye. We describe 3 cases of DA-NAION associated with hypotension, review the current literature on DA-NAION, and provide recommendations for decreasing the risk of intradialytic hypotension.

Methods:
In addition to describing 3 cases of DA-NAION, PubMed was searched for all reports of DA-NAION in adults with documented episodes of hypotension preceding the onset of NAION. A total of 50 eyes of 31 patients were included. Age, visual acuity at presentation, rate of bilateral involvement at presentation, sequential involvement of the fellow eye, and recurrence of NAION in the same eye were analyzed.

Results:
We found that most cases of DA-NAION occur in relatively young patients (47.7 ± 14.7 years) with a high rate of bilateral involvement at presentation (23%) and bilateral sequential involvement (39%). Vision loss is severe with 64% of patients presenting with 20/200 acuity or worse in the involved eye and 19% of patients with final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in both eyes. 3 patients (9.7%) had recurrence of NAION in the previously affected eye.

Conclusions:
Neuro-ophthalmologists have an important role in identifying patients who have suffered DA-NAION and communicating their findings to nephrologists to minimize the chance of involvement of the fellow eye and recurrence in the same eye. Intradialytic blood pressure must be closely monitored, and fluid balance, dialysate composition, and dialysis protocol must be optimized to prevent occurrence of intradialytic hypotension, which is the culprit for DA-NAION.
Rapid turnaround multiplex sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: comparing tiling amplicon protocol performance
Authors: Constantinides Bede , Webster Hermione , Gentry Jessica , Bastable Jasmine , Dunn Laura , Oakley Sarah , Swann Jeremy , Sanderson Nicholas , Fowler Philip W , Ma Geoffrey , Rodger Gillian , Barrett Lucinda , Jeffery Katie , Peto Timothy EA , Stoesser Nicole , Street Teresa , Crook Derrick W 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenome sequencing is pivotal to SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, elucidating the emergence and global dissemination of acquired genetic mutations. Amplicon sequencing has proven very effective for sequencing SARS-CoV-2, but prevalent mutations disrupting primer binding sites have necessitated the revision of sequencing protocols in order to maintain performance for emerging virus lineages. We compared the performance of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) Midnight and ARTIC tiling amplicon protocols using 196 Delta lineage SARS-CoV-2 clinical specimens, and 71 mostly Omicron lineage samples with S gene target failure (SGTF), reflecting circulating lineages in the United Kingdom during December 2021. 96-plexed nanopore sequencing was used. For Delta lineage samples, ARTIC v4 recovered the greatest proportion of ≥90% complete genomes (81.1%; 159/193), followed by Midnight (71.5%; 138/193) and ARTIC v3 (34.1%; 14/41). Midnight protocol however yielded higher average genome recovery (mean 98.8%) than ARTIC v4 (98.1%) and ARTIC v3 (75.4%), resulting in less ambiguous final consensus assemblies overall. Explaining these observations were ARTIC v4’s superior genome recovery in low viral titre/high cycle threshold (Ct) samples and inferior performance in high titre/low Ct samples, where Midnight excelled. We evaluated Omicron sequencing performance using a revised Midnight primer mix alongside prototype ARTIC v4.1 primers, head-to-head with the existing commercially available Midnight and ARTIC v4 protocols. The revised protocols both improved considerably the recovery of Omicron genomes and exhibited similar overall performance to one another. Revised Midnight protocol recovered ≥90% complete genomes for 85.9% (61/71) of Omicron samples vs. 88.7% (63/71) for ARTIC v4.1. Approximate cost per sample for Midnight (£12) is lower than ARTIC (£16) while hands-on time is considerably lower for Midnight (∼7 hours) than ARTIC protocols (∼9.5 hours).
Shared brain and genetic architectures between mental health and physical activity
Authors: Zhang Wei , Paul Sarah E. , Winkler Anderson , Bogdan Ryan , Bijsterbosch Janine D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhysical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N=6,389), canonical correlation analysis was applied to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of sub-networks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety disorders, neuroticism, subjective well-being, and risk-taking behaviors). We estimated the genetic correlation between mental health and physical activity measures, as well as putative causal relationships by applying linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic structural equational modeling, and latent causal variable analysis to genome-wide association summary statistics (GWAS N=91,105-500,199). Physical activity and mental health were associated with connectivity strength and amplitude of the DMN, SN, and CEN (r’s≥0.12, p’s<0.048). These neural correlates exhibited highly similar loading patterns across mental health and physical activity models even when accounting for their shared variance. This suggests a largely shared brain network architecture between mental health and physical activity. Mental health and physical activity (including sleep) were also genetically correlated (|rg|=0.085-0.121), but we found no evidence for causal relationships between them. Collectively, our findings provide empirical evidence that mental health and physical activity have shared brain and genetic architectures and suggest potential candidate sub-networks for future studies on brain mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of physical activity on mental health.
Protective effect of BNT162b2 vaccination on aerobic capacity following mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross sectional study, Israel, March-December 2021
Authors: Blumberg Yair , Edelstein Michael , Jabal Kamal Abu , Golan Ron , Perets Yuval , Saad Musa , Levinas Tatyana , Dabbah Saleem , Israeli Zeev , Yacoubi Salah , Raya Alaa Abu , Amital Anat , Halabi Majdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compared 23 unvaccinated to 15 vaccinated patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in terms of their aerobic capacity measured by a cardio pulmonary exercise test (CPET). Compared with unvaccinated individuals, those vaccinated had a higher heart rate, higher VO2. Our results suggest objective limitations to exercise capacity in the months following acute COVID19 illness, mitigated by vaccination
Predicting the distribution of arsenic in groundwater by geospatial machine learning technique in two worst hit districts of Assam, India: a risk to public health
Authors: Nath Bibhash , Chowdhury Runti , Ni-Meister Wenge , Mahanta Chandan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArsenic (As) is a well-known human carcinogen and a significant chemical contaminant in groundwater. The spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of As in groundwater makes it difficult to predict the location of safe areas for tube well installations for consumption and agricultural use. Geospatial machine learning techniques have been used to predict the location of safe and unsafe areas of groundwater As contaminations. Here we used a similar machine learning approach to determine the risk and extent of As >10 μg/L in groundwater at a finer spatial resolution (250m × 250m) in two worst-hit districts of Assam, India, to advise policymakers for targeted campaigning for mitigation. Random Forest Model was employed in Python environments to predict probabilities of the occurrences of As at concentrations >10 µg/L using several intrinsic and extrinsic predictor variables. The selection of predictor variables was based on their inherent relationship with the occurrence of As in groundwater. The relationships between predictor variables and proportions of As occurrences >10 μg/L follow the well-documented processes leading to As release in groundwater. We identified extensive areas of potential As hotspots based on the probability of ≥0.7 for As >10 µg/L. These identified areas include areas that were not previously surveyed and extended beyond previously known As hotspots. Twenty-five percent of the land area (1,500 km2) was identified as a high-risk zone with an estimated population of 155,000 potentially consuming As through drinking water or food cooked with water containing As >10 μg/L. The ternary hazard map (i.e., high, moderate, and low risk for As >10 µg/L) could inform the policymakers to target the regions by establishing newer drinking water treatment plants and supplying safe drinking water.
Magnitude and breadth of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination
Authors: Sievers Benjamin L. , Chakraborty Saborni , Xue Yong , Gelbart Terri , Gonzalez Joseph C. , Cassidy Arianna G. , Golan Yarden , Prahl Mary , Gaw Stephanie L. , Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Blish Catherine A. , Boyd Scott D. , Davis Mark M. , Jagannathan Prasanna , Nadeau Kari C. , Pulendran Bali , Singh Upinder , Scheuermann Richard H. , Frieman Matthew , Vashee Sanjay , Wang Taia T. , Tan Gene S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that possess mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape have arisen over the course of the current pandemic. While the current vaccines have largely been effective against past variants, the number of mutations found on the Omicron (B.1.529) spike appear to diminish the efficacy of pre-existing immunity. Using pseudoparticles expressing the spike of several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we evaluated the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response over time in naturally infected and in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. We observed that while boosting increases the magnitude of the antibody response to wildtype (D614), Beta, Delta and Omicron variants, the Omicron variant was the most resistant to neutralization. We further observed that vaccinated healthy adults had robust and broad antibody responses while responses were relatively reduced in vaccinated pregnant women, underscoring the importance of learning how to maximize mRNA vaccine responses in pregnant populations. Findings from this study show substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and breadth of responses after infection and mRNA vaccination and may support the addition of more conserved viral antigens to existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.One Sentence SummaryDiminished efficacy of pre-existing immunity to highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Performance of COVIDSeq and Swift normalase amplicon SARS-CoV-2 panels for SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Sequencing: Practical Guide and Combining FASTQ Strategy
Authors: Choi Hosoon , Hwang Munok , Navarathna Dhammika H. , Xu Jing , Lukey Janell , Jinadatha Chetan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe whole genomic sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 has been performed extensively and is playing a crucial role in fighting against COVID-19 pandemic. Obtaining sufficient WGS data from clinical samples is often challenging especially from the samples with low viral load. We evaluated two SARS-CoV-2 sequencing protocols for their efficiency/accuracy and limitations. Sequence coverage of >95% was obtained by Swift normalase amplicon SARS-CoV-2 panels (SNAP) protocol for all the samples with Ct ≤ 35 and by COVIDSeq protocol for 97% of samples with Ct ≤ 30. Sample RNA quantitation obtained using digital PCR provided more precise cutoff values. The quantitative digital PCR cutoff values for obtaining 95% coverage are 10.5 copies/μL for SNAP protocol and 147 copies/μL for COVIDSeq protocol. Combining FASTQ files obtained from 2 protocols improved the outcome of sequence analysis by compensating for missing amplicon regions. This process resulted in an increase of sequencing coverage and lineage call precision.