bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manning condensation in ion exchange membranes: A review on ion partitioning and diffusion models
Authors: Kitto David , Kamcev Jovan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rational design of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) is becoming more pertinent as their usage becomes broader and as their staple applications (i.e., electrodialysis, flow batteries, and fuel cells) improve in commercial viability. Such efforts would be catalyzed by an improved fundamental understanding of ion transport in IEMs. This review discusses recent progress in modeling ion partitioning and diffusion in IEMs in an effort to relate IEM performance metrics to fundamental membrane properties over which researchers and membrane manufacturers possess direct and sometimes precise control. Central focus is given to the Donnan‐Manning model for ion partitioning and the Manning‐Meares model for ion diffusion in IEMs. These two frameworks, which are derived from Manning's counter‐ion condensation theory for polyelectrolyte solutions, have been widely used within the IEM literature since their recent introduction. To explore this topic, the mathematical derivation of both models is revisited, followed by a survey of experimental and computational discussions of counter‐ion condensation in IEMs. Alternative models which fulfill similar roles in predicting IEM transport properties are compared. This review concludes by highlighting the uniquely favorable positions of the Donnan‐Manning and Manning‐Meares models and discussing their prospects as leading predictors of IEM partitioning and diffusive properties.
Psychological and sexual distress in rectal cancer patients and partners
Authors: Acquati Chiara , Hendren Samantha , Wittmann Daniela , Reese Jennifer Barsky , Karam Eli , Duby Ashley , Dunn Kelli Bullard , Kayser Karen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRectal cancer (RC) patients experience unique sources of distress, including sexual dysfunction and body image concerns, which can also cause distress among partners. This preliminary study investigated patterns of psychological distress, sexual functioning, sexual distress, and relationship satisfaction among RC patient‐partner couples at pivotal points during cancer treatment.MethodsTwenty couples participated (N = 40). Patients and partners completed a series of validated measures of psychological distress (ET), sexual functioning (FSFI; IIEF), sexual distress (GMSEX; Sexual Distress Scale) and relationship satisfaction (GMREL) at time of diagnosis, 3 weeks after radiation, 4 weeks post‐surgery, and after chemotherapy and surgery for ostomy closure. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, and repeated‐measures ANOVA were used to analyze scores over time, first for patients and partners, and then by sex.ResultsRelationship satisfaction remained elevated over time. In this sample, 55% of patients and 78.9% of partners reported clinically significant rates of psychological distress at diagnosis, which decreased to 23% and 46% respectively at the last assessment. Sexual satisfaction and distress worsened for patients and partners between baseline and surgery for ostomy closure. Both male and female participants reported statistically significant declines in sexual function from baseline to end of treatment (p < 0.05).DiscussionRelative to relationship satisfaction, psychological and sexual health outcomes seem more vulnerable to the effects of RC treatment during the first year after diagnosis, both for patients and partners and for men and women. Results support the need for psychosocial care and sexual education/counseling for couples coping with RC.
Structural insights on the effects of mutation of a charged binding pocket residue on phosphopeptide binding to 14‐3‐3ζ protein
Authors: T. S. Sreevidya , Dalvi Somavally , Venkatraman Prasanna , Vemparala Satyavani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMutation of an invariant aspartate residue in the binding pocket of 14‐3‐3ζ isoform to alanine dramatically reduced phosphopeptide binding and induced opening of the binding pocket. Here we use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to understand the role of D124 residue in ligand binding. The simulations show that in the absence of phosphopeptide, the D124A mutation leads to binding pocket reorganization including widening up of the binding pocket at the major groove and repositioning of N173, a key residue that interacts with the main chain of phosphopeptide. These structural changes would interfere with the efficient binding of the peptide, corroborating the experimental observations. Both gain and loss of electrostatic interactions in the form of salt bridges strongly indicate a rearrangement of the network of interactions within the binding pocket. Limited proteolysis coupled mass spectrometry (lip‐MS) of the apo and holo forms of wild type (WT) and mutant protein shows a peptide binding helix otherwise buried in the WT protein was particularly accessible to trypsin in the apo form of the mutant protein and the region was mapped to 158–186 amino acid residues of 14‐3‐3ζ. These results further confirm the dynamic nature of D124A mutant. Unlike other basic residues, the invariant D124 facilitates peptide binding by maintaining the geometry of interacting residues and by enforcing the structural integrity of amphipathic pocket.
Corrosion behaviour of polymer‐laminated steel in sodium chloride solution
Authors: Hong Xiaomin , Chen Jinyang , Gu Jie , Yang Yunfan , Hu Yu , Yang Dingqing , Zhang Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behaviour of polymer‐laminated steel in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was studied. The iron migration amount was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The result indicated that the migration of iron increased with time and a turning point occurred in 3 wt.% NaCl solution when polymer‐laminated steel cans containing NaCl solution soaked at different temperatures for 240 h. In addition, the changes of the PET/TiO2 composite film after soaking were analysed by the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The crystallinity of the composite film decreased, the porosity increased and the surface cracks formed. Moreover, the composition and morphology of the corrosion products were characterized by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDS, indicating that the corrosion products were Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. Based on the results, a schematic diagram of the corrosion mechanism of polymer‐laminated steel cans was given.
The effects of polar solvents on structural, electronic, and optical properties of organic dyes
Authors: Majid Abdul , Kiran Saba , Sandhu Qurat‐ul‐Ain , Khan Salahuddin , Khan Shaukat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study reports first principles investigations on effects of polar solvents acetonitrile, acetone, water, ethanol, and methanol on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of organic dyes named D1, D1A, D1B, and D1C. The solute‐solvent interaction studied via conductor like screening model revealed changes in structural parameters whereas dipole moment of all the dyes increased after immersing in the solvents. The relaxation of dyes structures in the solvents caused stabilization or destabilization of molecular orbitals which is responsible for spectral shifts in UV–visible absorption spectra. The absorbance and light harvesting efficiency of majority of dyes increased upon solvation which shows their suitability to use as sensitizer. The findings suggested that water is not a suitable solvent for the simulated dyes. The efficiency of solvated dyes D1, D1B, and D1C increased but that of D1B is decreased.
Pulmonary artery sarcoma: An important mimic of pulmonary embolism—Case reports and literature review
Authors: Tuft Colin , Maheepala Krishan , Raguparan Ajantha , Naeem Anas , Lodh Suhrid , Lindstrom Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) is a rare malignancy which closely mimics acute or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. There are clinical and radiological characteristics which may raise suspicion of this important differential diagnosis. These include disproportionately low d‐dimer, troponin T or NT‐proBNP, as well as characteristic findings on CT pulmonary angiography such as the ‘wall eclipsing sign’ and an non‐dependent position of filling defects in the large arteries. Prompt diagnosis avoids inappropriate anticoagulation and facilitates early surgical management which may improve prognosis. There is emerging evidence of an effective treatment paradigm with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. We present two cases of PAIS diagnosed at a single centre within a 2‐year period. We review the literature and demonstrate the features at presentation in our cases which were suggestive of the diagnosis.
Firms' potential for economic sustainability and firm value: The moderating role of blockholders
Authors: Kyaw Khine , Thomsen Steen , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFirms that strive to innovate (i.e., firms that invest in research and development—R&D) have high potential for economic sustainability due to the possibility of generating new platforms of growth and future revenue. However, it is little understood whether financial markets incorporate (if at all) information on firms' potential for economic sustainability. After all, firms' information on R&D investments is very opaque. This poses a challenge to investors to incorporate into firm value any economic sustainability emanating from such information. We investigate whether blockholders, owners with at least a 5% shareholding in a firm, help reflect in firm value the firms' potential for economic sustainability. We find that active blockholders, rather than passive blockholders, help incorporate in firm value the potential for economic sustainability. Thus, active blockholders help mitigate agency problems in firms and help financial markets digest firms' potential for economic sustainability.
Mixture Phases Engineering of PtFe Nanofoams for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shi Yue , Zhang Dan , Huang Hao , Miao Hongfu , Wu Xueke , Zhao Huan , Zhan Tianrong , Chen Xilei , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhase engineering is a promising but challenging approach to construct PtFe‐based catalysts with efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, the authors successfully synthesize PtFe nanofoams with face center cubic (fcc) phase, with simple cubic crystalline (scc) phase and with the mixture phases of fcc and scc phases (PtFe‐mix) by hydrogen‐assisted calcination for the first time. By benchmarking the HER activity, PtFe‐mix exhibits excellent activity in 1.0 m KOH, requiring an overpotential of 28 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2, which is better than the commercial Pt/C (34 mV). PtFe‐mix also possesses remarkable stability up to 24 h. Density functional theory calculations further verify that PtFe‐mix shows a more suitable d‐band center and lower energy barrier for the initial water dissociation, facilitating the HER process. This work provides a meaningful strategy to design PtFe‐based catalysts with efficient activity for hydrogen evolution.
Creating Tunable Mesoporosity by Temperature‐Driven Localized Crystallite Agglomeration
Authors: Jeong Seok , Sim Youjung , Kim Jin Kyun , Shin Sunyoung , Lim Jaewoong , Seong Junmo , Lee Seonghwan , Moon Dohyun , Baek Seung Bin , Kim Chae Un , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Lah Myoung Soo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new synthetic approach for tunable mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (MeMs) is developed. In this approach, mesopores are created in the process of heat conversion of highly mosaic metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals with non‐interpenetrated low‐density nanocrystallites into MOF crystals with two‐fold interpenetrated high‐density nanocrystallites. The two‐fold interpenetration reduces the volume of the nanocrystallites in the mosaic crystal, and the accompanying localized agglomeration of the nanocrystallites results in the formation of mesopores among the localized crystallite agglomerates. The pore size can be easily modulated from 7 to 90 nm by controlling the heat treatment conditions, that is, the aging temperature and aging time. Various proteins can be encapsulated in the MeM, and immobilized enzymes show catalyst activity comparable to that of the free native enzymes. Immobilized β‐galactosidase is recyclable and the enzyme activity of the immobilized catalase is maintained after exposure to high temperatures and various organic solvents.
Climate change and the hydropower sector: A global review
Authors: Wasti Asphota , Ray Patrick , Wi Sungwook , Folch Christine , Ubierna María , Karki Pravin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRenewable sources of electricity, such as solar and wind, need to be paired with sources of reliable baseload. Hydropower is a renewable, low‐emission source of electricity baseload available throughout much of the world as an alternative to electricity conventionally provided by thermal combustion of fossil fuels; however, the global hydropower sector as it stands relies upon surface water flows of substantial and predictable volume. This makes it vulnerable to climate change. The impact of climate change on the hydropower sector is difficult to predict, and not globally uniform. It might be positive, negative, or inconsequential depending upon the local timing and magnitude of changes, reservoir size, allocation priority, and the energy market. The secondary effects of climate change on glacier lake outbursts floods, landslides, and sediment load are poorly understood. In addition, when planning hydropower projects for the future, attention must be given to the greenhouse gas contribution of the impounded waters behind storage dams, and the impact of dams on water temperature. In the past decade, sovereign nations and international development agencies worldwide have evaluated the potential of hydropower as a cost‐effective, clean, sustainable option for baseload electricity supply. There is therefore a crucial need to assess the opportunities and risks hydropower poses across a wide range of potential future climate conditions. This review paper conducts a global survey of the literature on the effect of climate change on hydropower and identifies room for improvement in current approaches to evaluation of the net benefits of hydropower projects under climate change.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
A Novel and Reactive Fluorescent “Turn‐on” Probe Based on Benzimidazole Derivative for Selective CN−Detection
Authors: Yang Di , Diao Xuewen , Liu Ji , Chen Yaxin , Leng Yanli , Cai Xiaohua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel fluorescent probeLbased on benzimidazole derivative for selective CN−detection was designed and synthesized, and its structure was identified by spectral analysis. In DMSO/H2O (v/v=7 : 3, pH=9) solvent system, the fluorescence intensity forLenhances and the color change from yellow to colorless and purple was immediately observed at 426 nm, but there was no obvious color change when other anions instead of CN−was added to the system. The mechanism on CN−recognition was also studied by1H NMR, IR, MS analysis and theoretical calculations. The probeLfor CN−detection exhibited high sensitivity, and the molar ratio and lowest detection limit was 1 : 1 and 8.2×10−7 mol L−1, respectively. In addition, the probeLcould be successfully applied to the detection of CN−in bitter almond, and was also used as a test paper, which indicated that the probeLmight conveniently carried out the quick identification and detection of cyanide ion in the environment and food samples through its fluorescent color change under UV lamp.
The AgeCap Conceptual Framework for Research on Capability in Ageing
Authors: Rydberg Sterner Therese , Häggblom-Kronlöf Greta , Gudmundsson Pia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe overall goal of AgeCap is to contribute to increased wellbeing and participation in life for the older population. While there are several ways to meet this challenge, AgeCap has chosen the capability approach, which focuses on a subjective perceived health- and ability-related perspective, rather than on disease or disabilities. The understanding of capability used within the centre is based on the work of the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen, described as the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value (Sen A. The idea of justice. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2009). The capability approach focuses on what people are able to do and to be – their capabilities – and on their freedom of choice to perform those actions. AgeCap’s multidisciplinary setting was an opportunity to adopt the capability approach within its research. Nevertheless, it also created challenges in establishing a common view of what capability is, and how to apply the concept in collaborations across several different research fields. Thus, at an early stage during the setting up of the Centre, it was decided that a conceptual framework aiming to capture a shared view of capability in ageing should be developed. In addition, in order to facilitate the application of the capability approach within the research setting and make it more accessible to different target groups within society, it was later proposed that a graphic illustration of the AgeCap framework of capability should be created. This chapter describes the conceptual framework and graphic illustration that were developed by the Communication Group in collaboration with the Steering Committee, Principal Investigators, other researchers within AgeCap and the company Explain Artist. Central concepts include available resources, conversion factors, capability set, freedom of choice, goals of value and justice. The purpose of the conceptual framework is mainly to serve as a platform for researchers to use in any way they find relevant from their own perspective. Furthermore, the graphic illustration was developed in order to facilitate the application of the capability approach within AgeCap and make our research more accessible to society in order to dismantle the wall between researchers, older people and the general public.
Co-Creation Tools für den Projektabschluss
Authors: Kurzhals Kerstin , Uude Katrin , Sormani Eva , Chak Choiwai Maggie , Banze Madleen 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungEuer Projekt ist schon vor einiger Zeit gestartet und ihr habt bereits zahlreiche Ergebnisse vorliegen. Dann seid ihr nun schon in der letzten Phase des Projektes angekommen, der des Projektabschlusses. Euer Ziel ist es zum einen, eure Ergebnisse messbar zu machen, zum anderen wollt ihr, dass die Projektergebnisse auch nachhaltig in der Gesellschaft etabliert werden und einen gesellschaftlichen sowie sozialen Einfluss erzeugen.
Projektübergreifende Co-Creation Tools
Authors: Kurzhals Kerstin , Uude Katrin , Sormani Eva , Chak Choiwai Maggie , Banze Madleen 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Erfolg transdisziplinärer Kooperationen liegt maßgeblich in der Vielfalt der beteiligten Akteur*innen, wobei hierdurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit steigt, dass diese auch räumlich weit verteilt sind. Dies ist insbesondere der Fall, wenn zivilgesellschaftliche Akteur*innen beteiligt sind, da diese häufig aus einem erweiterten Einzugsgebiet kommen und sich in den seltensten Fällen direkt am Hochschulstandort bündeln. Zusammenarbeit beginnt jedoch durch Austausch gemeinsamer Interessen, durch Nähe, durch das persönliche Gespräch miteinander.
Operative communication: project Cybersyn and the intersection of information design, interface design, and interaction design
Authors: Vehlken Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the connecting lines between the Chilean Project Cybersyn’s interface design, the German Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm and its cybernetically inspired approaches towards information design, and later developments in interaction design and the emerging field of Human–Computer Interaction in the USA. In particular, it first examines how early works of designers Tomàs Maldonado and Gui Bonsiepe on operative communication, that is, language-independent (and thus internationalizable) pictogram systems and visual grammars for computational systems, were intertwined with attempts to ground industrial design in a scientific methodology, to address an era of computing machines, and to develop the concept of the interface as a heuristic for a renovated design thinking. It thereby also reconstructs further historical vanishing lines—e.g. the pictorial grammar of Otto Neurath’s ISOTYPE—of the development of the ‘ulm model’ of design. Second, the article explores how an apprehension of first-order cybernetics in West Germany—e.g. represented by hfg ulm staff like Max Bense or Abraham Moles, merged with Cybersyn’s second-order cybernetics ideas, as represented by Stafford Beer’s Viable System Model. And third, it asks about a further conceptual turn regarding an understanding of design which resulted in a focus on communicative interaction, e.g. in the later works of Fernando Flores and Terry Winograd on HCI, or in Beer’s Team Syntegrity approach. As an effect, the text will explore a specific and international network of cybernetic thinking between Latin America, Europe, and North America which emerged around Project Cybersyn, and which was occupied with questions of HCI, a democratization of design, and intelligence amplification.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cervical foraminal stenosis: comparison of 3D T2 SPACE with sagittal oblique 2D T2 TSE
Authors: Barnaure I. , Galley J. , Fritz B. , Sutter R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective

The oblique orientation of the cervical neural foramina challenges the implementation of a short MRI protocol with concurrent excellent visualization of the spine. While sagittal oblique T2-weighted sequences permit good evaluation of the cervical neuroforamina, all segments may not be equally well depicted on a single sequence and conspicuity of foraminal stenosis may be limited. 3D T2-weighted sequences can be reformatted in arbitrary planes, including the sagittal oblique. We set out to compare 3D T2w SPACE sequences with sagittal oblique reformations and sagittal oblique 2D T2w TSE sequences for the evaluation of cervical foraminal visibility and stenosis.

Materials and methods
Sixty consecutive patients who underwent MRI of the cervical spine with sagittal oblique 2D T2w TSE and 3D T2w SPACE sequences were included. Image homogeneity of the sequences was evaluated. Imaging sets were assessed for structure visibility and foraminal stenosis by two independent readers. Results of the sequences were compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests. Interreader agreement was evaluated by weighted κ.

Results
Visibility of most structures was rated good to excellent on both sequences (mean visibility scores ≥ 4.5 of 5), though neuroforaminal contents were better seen on sagittal oblique T2w TSE (mean scores 4.1–4.6 vs. 3.1–4.1 on 3D T2w SPACE, p < 0.01). Stenosis grades were comparable between sequences (mean 1.1–2.6 of 4), with slightly higher values for 3D T2w SPACE at some levels (difference ≤ 0.3 points).

Conclusion
3D T2w SPACE is comparable with sagittal oblique 2D T2w TSE in the evaluation of cervical neural foramina.