bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of LMA Supreme, i-gel, and Baska Mask for Airway Management during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Sharma Parul , Rai Sujeet , Tripathi Manoj , Malviya Deepak , Kumari Sumita , Mishra Smarika 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The supraglottic airway device (SAD) has proved to be an appropriate alternative to endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic surgeries owing to various advantages, namely, decreased airway manipulation and stable hemodynamics.

Aims:
We compared the efficacy in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) and safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Supreme (LMA-S), i-gel, and Baska mask in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Settings and Design:
Ninety patients posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected for a prospective randomized comparative study in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised three groups of 30 each based on the different SADs used Group-LS with LMA-Supreme, Group-IG with i-gel, and Group-BM with Baska mask. The secondary objectives were device insertion time, ease of insertion, changes in the peak airway pressure (PAP), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and airway complications (sore throat, dysphagia. dysphonia, lip/tongue or dental injury, etc.) between three groups.

Statistical Analysis:
The quantitative data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison test. Qualitative data were compared using Chi.squared test

Results:
OLP was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in the Baska mask than i-gel and LMA-S groups just after insertion and during carboperitonium. There was no significant difference in time for device insertion, number of attempts, ease of insertion, and use of manipulation (P > 0.05). However, the gastric tube insertion time was significantly lower in Group BM (9.59 ± 2.78) than Group IG with 12.79 ± 3.47 and Group LS with 10.84 ± 3.68 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to changes in the PAP, heart rate, mean arterial pressure at different time intervals, and complications.

Conclusion:
Baska mask provided a significantly higher OLP compared to i-gel and LMA-S without significant airway morbidity in laparoscopic surgeries.
Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor–Alpha and Malondialdehyde Levels in Children with Class II Malocclusion and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Prabhu Nagashree , Shetty Vabitha 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Recently biomarkers for sleep disorders have provided an alternative and convenient means of diagnosis for children at risk.

Aim:
To evaluate salivary TNF-α and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in children with skeletal class II malocclusion and with a positive history of sleep disorders.

Settings and Design:
This prospective evaluative study was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021, in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry.

Material and Methods:
21 children aged 8-12 years with skeletal class II malocclusion and at least one sleep disorder participated in the study (Group 1). 21 age and gender matched children with no skeletal malocclusion and no reported history of sleep disorders served as a comparison group (Group 2). All children were evaluated regarding their sleep history and clinically examined to determine craniofacial morphology. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all children. Salivary TNF-α was measured with a solid-phase sandwich ELISA. Salivary MDA was measured by using TBA reagent.

Statistical Analysis:
Intergroup comparison for age and normally distributed data was done using t-test. Comparison of frequencies of categories of variables was done using Chi-square test. Inter group comparison for TNF-α was done using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
There were significantly higher levels of salivary TNF-α and MDA, in children of Group 1 when compared to that of Group 2 children (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Salivary TNF-α and MDA may be a simple and non-invasive tool in the identification and screening of children at high risk for sleep disorders.
Comparative Evaluation of Duration of Extraction Space Closure and Degree of Root Resorption with Conventional and Self-Ligation Brackets
Authors: Maurya Raj Kumar , Bhardwaj Preeti , Singh Harpreet , Mishra Harsh Ashok 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Determination of difference between conventional and passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) in respect of extraction space closure, patient perception and root resorption.

Material and Methods:
Eighty patients were divided into four groups of 20 each with age-sex-matched control using a simple randomisation technique and allocation concealment with a closed opaque envelope method. Group 1 consisted of conventional brackets with Connecticut New Archwire (CNA) wire mushroom loop, group 2 consisted of conventional brackets with TAD (AbsoAnchor, Korea) supported retraction, group 3 consisted of passive SLB with CNA archwires (Libral Traders, India) mushroom loop and group 4 consisted of passive SLB brackets with TAD (AbsoAnchor, Korea) supported retraction. The rate of retraction, root resorption and patient satisfaction were assessed. All conventional brackets (Orthox, USA) and passive SLBs (CaptainOrtho, India) had 0.018 Roth prescriptions with a slot size of 0.018 × 0.025.

Results:
Retraction was the fastest in group 2 with a mean of 1.266 ± 0.14 mm/4 week and a duration of 23.40 weeks. Similarly, group 4 showed the most sluggish movement with a mean of 1.182 ± 0.80 mm/4 weeks with a total duration of 25 weeks; howeverdifferencesce among groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.470).

Conclusion:
SLBs have advantage of better patient comfort, less pain and reduced chairside time. Though the present study found increased treatment duration with SLB along with friction mechanics, refuting the previous claims of reduced friction with SLBs, however, the difference was not statistically significant and results have to be extrapolated with caution and experience considering other advantages of SLBs.
Effect of Life Course Factors on Dental Fear Among Adult Dental Patients Attending Out-Reach Clinics in a Rural Area of Southern India
Authors: D'Costa Valerie G. , Singhal Deepak K. , Acharya Shashidhar 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of life course factors on dental fear among adult dental patients attending out-reach clinics in a rural area of South India. The objectives were to measure dental fear and changes in socio-economic status during the life course among the study population and to know whether social mobility reduced/increased dental fear.

Methods:
Dental fear scale and life course data were collected from 403 respondents. The improvement status of individual life course criteria was categorised into “less/minimal”, “stable”, or “upwardly mobile”.

Results:
The odds of dental fear in the group showing less or minimal upward social mobility was two times that of the stable group [p = 0.022; 95% confidence interval (C.I): 1.104–3.598], whereas the odds of dental fear in the group showing more or good upward social mobility were 4.5 times that of the stable group [p = 0.001; 95% C.I: 1.928–10.515] when adjusted for covariates, that is, participant age, gender, and education and past history of dental avoidance.

Conclusion:
Social mobility was found to be a risk indicator for dental fear. Dental services may have been affected even with increased standards of living because of psychological factors such as dental fear.
Post-Expansion and End of Treatment Outcomes of Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion with a Modified Removable Appliance
Authors: Banker Alka M. , Thakkar Malvi N. , Desai Bhagyashree B. , Huja Sarandeep S. 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Maxillary expansion is the mainstay therapy for maxillary transverse deficiency. There has been a constant search for the most effective yet biologically friendly method of maxillary expansion, alternatives being, slow, rapid and semi rapid.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to explore the outcome of palatal expansion achieved using a removable plate and low continuous forces brought about by a semi rapid screw activation protocol.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective study.

Methods and Material:
Plaster models of 56 consecutive patients treated for maxillary expansion were obtained pre-treatment (T0), post-expansion (T1), and post fixed appliance treatment (T2). The radiographic images of the models were traced using Image J software. Linear and angular measurements were evaluated to measure transverse change.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Interclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] and Dahlberg's formula were used for reliability test. The differences in the mean values between the three duration groups [T0, T1 and T2] were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For multiple comparisons, a post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test was performed.

Results:
Significant increase in inter-molar, alveolar and palatal linear widths were observed from T0 to T1 with significant relapses from T1 to T2, with an overall net gain remaining at T2. Similarly, significant increases in all angular measurements were observed from T0 to T1 with significant relapses from T1 to T2 and an overall insignificant change at T2 as compared to T0.

Conclusion:
The appliance and protocol were effective in producing transverse expansion with minimal molar and alveolar tipping.
Unusual Number of Phleboliths in a Lip Vascular Malformation – A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Vascular malformation (VM) associated with jaws may cause jaw size discrepancy. Multiple phleboliths in VM are relatively rare. This case report aims to present one such case.

Patient Concerns:
A 33-year-old female patient sought surgical correction of her abnormally sized jaw and on examination, she was identified with VM.

Diagnosis:
Subsequent imaging tests revealed the presence of several phleboliths.

Treatment:
The patient was treated for an abnormal-sized mandible as well as partial removal of the superficial part of VM.

Outcomes:
The patient had satisfactory esthetics and there was less bleeding than anticipated.

Take-away Lessons:
VMs could cause jaw size discrepancy and the extent of the malformation could cause blood flow abnormalities leading to multiple phlebolith formation. Proper surgical planning and education of the patient are essential for successful treatment.
Current Overview for Chemical Disinfection of Dental Impressions and Models based on its Criteria of Usage
Authors: Chidambaram S.R. , George Ashwin Mathew , Muralidharan N.P. , Prasanna Arvind T. R. , Subramanian AravindKumar , Rahaman Faizur 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of two proven chemical disinfectants, glutaraldehyde and povidone iodine on dental impression and models by determining the reduction in the microbial load, and to compare changes in the physical properties of the models after adding the disinfectants.

Materials and Methods:
Irreversible hydrocolloid upper impressions of 90 patients were made and divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each; Group A––Control group; Impressions were run under clean tap water before pouring the model. Group B––2% Glutaraldehyde sprayed on the impression and left in situ for 10 min before pouring the model. Group C –10 ml of (5%) povidone iodine incorporated into the gypsum before pouring the model. Models from all three groups were subjected to microbiological assessment at three different time intervals, T0––24 h, T1––1 month and T2––3 months of storage by comparing the colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria and fungi. The compressive strength of 5 models from each group was also analyzed in Newton's/mm2.

Results:
2% Glutaraldehyde proved more effective than povidone iodine after 24 h of storage (T1), however at the end of 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) the Povidone group showed the maximum disinfection. Both the disinfectants caused a reduction in the compressive strength of the model with the povidone iodine group showing the maximum reduction.

Conclusion:
Although povidone iodine was the most effective disinfectant after 3 months, it showed a significant reduction in the compressive strength and caused discoloration of the model. 2% Glutaraldehyde proved to be the choice of disinfectant with minimal adverse effects.
The Effects of Zentangle® on Affective Well-Being Among Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chung Siu-Ki , Ho Fiona Yan-Yee , Chan Henri Chun-Yiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Importance: Zentangle® is a self-help art modality purported to have repetitive, mindful, and meditative qualities. It can be a cost-effective intervention, but its effect on affective well-being has been underresearched.
Objective: To evaluate the immediate and 2-wk postintervention effects of Zentangle delivered by a certified Zentangle teacher on affective well-being in the general population.
Design: Two-armed parallel-groups pilot randomized controlled trial.
Participants: Thirty-eight participants from a nonclinical population.
Intervention: Participants were randomized into the Zentangle group, which participated in a 2-hr Zentangle class and were encouraged to practice for 2 wk, or the waitlist control group. Participants learned basic Zentangle principles and drew two Zentangles under the teacher’s instructions.
Outcomes and Measures: The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form were used to assess positive and negative affect; depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms; and self-compassion.
Results: Significant reductions in negative affect were found in the Zentangle group compared with the waitlist control group at both immediate and 2-wk postintervention assessments (ds = 1.04 and 0.79, respectively, p &lt; .001). Participants who practiced Zentangle for &gt;80 min per week had a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms and an improvement in self-compassion (ds = 0.84 and 0.24, ps &lt; .05 and .005, respectively). No significant between-groups difference was found for other measures.
Conclusions and Relevance: Our results shed light on the effects of Zentangle on improving affective well-being in the general population. With sufficient practice, Zentangle can also help improve self-compassion and reduce anxiety.
What This Article Adds: The results of this study could provide information to determine whether Zentangle can be used as a tool in occupational therapy intervention to improve affective well-being.
Interventions to Improve Social Participation, Work, and Leisure Among Adults Poststroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Boone Anna , Hunter Elizabeth G. , Schaffer Olivia , Strickland Madison , Wood Lea , Wolf Timothy J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Importance: Sustaining a stroke frequently leads to difficulties in returning to work, leisure, and social participation. These outcomes are important for occupational therapy practitioners to address.
Objective: To determine the current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve social participation, work, and leisure among adults poststroke.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and Cochrane databases.
Study Selection and Data Collection: Primary inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, within the scope of occupational therapy that evaluated an intervention to address work, leisure, or social participation poststroke (levels of evidence ranged from Level 1b to Level 2b). Reviewers assessed records for inclusion, quality, and validity following Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Findings: Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four articles related to social participation were categorized as follows: occupation-based approaches, metacognitive strategy training, education and training approaches, impairment-based approaches, and enriched environment approaches. Three articles related to work and 3 articles related to leisure were not further categorized (2 articles were each included in two categories). Seventeen Level 1b and 30 Level 2b articles were included. The strength of evidence to support occupational therapy interventions for social participation, work, and leisure outcomes is predominantly low.
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy interventions may improve work, leisure, and social participation outcomes poststroke, with the strongest evidence existing for client education, upper extremity training, and cognitive training for improving social participation.
What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy practitioners may use the available literature along with clinical reasoning to improve work, leisure, and social participation outcomes among clients poststroke. Additional research is required to build stronger evidence to support clinical decision making in stroke rehabilitation in these areas.
Manoeuvering through the Dilemma of Marketing Positioning In the Frozen Food Business
Authors: Hasan Hazriah , Muhammad Farah Hanan , Muhammad Mohd Zulkifli 
Published: August 2022

The thrust of her family is well protected. To secure frozen food production is not a playful business. She gambled on her well-being and left her wealth to start a new small business without her knowing how to execute the food processors and machinery. She baked dough and cooked the fillings with her full-hearted energy. She successfully produced her first ever bake after a year of trial. No shortcut towards success in life, she believed. She needs a living, therefore she oughta challenge. The challenge that she encountered will make her stronger surely and eventually.Many entrepreneurs start their businesses in ‘rough situations. Some have abandoned families who don’t fit with any part of their business. In contrast, Mrs. Ruzi was practically smothered by parental involvement, support, and caring. She has lost her husband to illness, live in poverty, and was exposed to hunger and destitution. Her children live in all kinds of conditions and are sometimes ‘set up for failure’ from the very start. But her children also are able, despite their initial circumstances, to achieve great things in life. Her dream comes true when on 1st January 2009, she formed a company of her own and named it after her own name, RUZI'S FOOD. Despite her composed face, it is clearly engraved with the indescribable feeling of owning a business. On that significant date, she found a real workplace at 1893 Panchor, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. By looking at the structure of her company, Mrs. Ruzi is a very strong and visionary person. With her own capacity, the company has been able to survive till today even continuously facing several sets of hurdles in the business.

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Case Teaching Strategy
This case is rated medium to difficult; depending on how deep the analysis one wants to undertake. The case should be distributed to participants or students a few days before the discussion session takes place, and at least THREE HOURS should be allocated for the discussion and class activity. If desired, the initial discussion can be conducted in groups of THREE or FOUR participants/students and followed by a general class discussion. For students, the case study can be used for a long report in lieu of the traditional final exam.

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Teaching note
You do not currently have access to these teaching notes. Please email at geric@umk.edu.my if you require the teaching note. Teaching notes accompany case studies with suggested learning objectives, classroom methods, and potential assignment questions. They support dynamic classroom discussion to help develop student's analytical skill
Wau Tradisi: Branding of a Traditional Family Mixed Gravy Spice
Authors: Hassan Hasannuddiin , Yusuff Mohd Nor Hakimin , Aziz Mohd Ikhwan 
Published: August 2022

This case describes a family business producing gravy mix spices—known as' gravy 'in Malay—that has been operating since the 1970s in Kampung Kubang Pasu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In 1984, Mr.Mohd Anazim Adnan (henceforth he shall be known as "Anazim"), a family member of the third generation, was entrusted with the legacy of this mixed spice "gravy" business that was started by her great grandmother. In 1986, via Kilang Bimbingan Bank, Pembanggunan started the first pilot test in Kota Bharu. In line with the development of the local food industry and the transition of business management from the store to the factory, Mr. Adnan (Anazim's father) applied for the grant and set up the wau tradisi in 1986 in Kilang Jalan, Padang Tembak. As a result, the transition from Anazim's father to him was successful. The company was able to maintain the success of this mixed spice gravy by continuing the family’s secret recipe for generations. Most of the traditional methods for food manufacturing and business management are still practiced in the business of Wau Tradisi. As the company manager, Anazim feels there is a need to update the company’s management, expand the market, and conduct research on the products. Because the mixed spices gravy market is highly demanded in Malaysia, and there is not enough supply to supply all of Peninsular Malaysia, In the transition and expansion process, there are two vital turning points that have to be overcome. First, the product branding, and second, the human resources. During the period, Anazim faced difficulties managing the obstacles, such as poor support from its management and documentation issues. Anazim was able to move the business forward after the obstacles were removed by using trial and error steps. Currently, Anazim is able to expand his business internationally and capture the demand both locally and internationally.

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Case Teaching Strategy
This case is rated medium to difficult; depending on how deep the analysis one wants to undertake. The case should be distributed to participants or students a few days before the discussion session takes place, and at least THREE HOURS should be allocated for the discussion and class activity. If desired, the initial discussion can be conducted in groups of THREE or FOUR participants/students and followed by a general class discussion. For students, the case study can be used for a long report in lieu of the traditional final exam.

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Teaching note
You do not currently have access to these teaching notes. Please email at geric@umk.edu.my if you require the teaching note. Teaching notes accompany case studies with suggested learning objectives, classroom methods, and potential assignment questions. They support dynamic classroom discussion to help develop student's analytical skill