bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercross: An Android app for plant breeding and genetics cross management
Authors: Rife Trevor W. , Courtney Chaney , Bauchet Guillaume , Neilsen Mitchell , Poland Jesse A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlant breeding is fundamentally comprised of three cyclic activities: (a) intermating lines to generate novel allelic combinations, (b) evaluating the newly created lines in diverse environments, and (c) selecting superior individuals to be used as parents in the next breeding cycle. While digital technologies and tools are commonly utilized for the latter two stages, many plant research programs still rely on manual annotation and paper tags to track the crosses that constitute the basis of a plant breeding program. This presence of analog data is a crack in the foundation of a digital breeding ecosystem and a significant occasion for errors to be introduced that will propagate through the entire breeding process. However, implementing digital cross tracking into breeding programs is difficult due to the nonstandardized workflows that different breeders have adopted. Intercross, an open‐source Android app, aims to provide scientists with a robust and simple solution for planning, tracking, and managing the crosses being made each season and aims to serve as the primary tool to digitize crossing data for breeding programs. The simplicity and flexibility of Intercross allows rapid and broad adoption by diverse breeding programs and will solidify the concepts of a digital breeding ecosystem.
Mechanistic Insights into Selective Acetaldehyde Formation from Ethanol Oxidation on Hematite Photoanodes by Operando Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Yuan Jianhe , Yuan Yuling , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping , Ma Yimeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study employed operando spectroelectrochemical l and photoelectrochemical methods to investigate the charge carrier dynamics of photogenerated holes in hematite for ethanol oxidation and its possible over‐oxidation. Ethanol oxidation was found to form acetaldehyde with around 100 % initial selectivity and faradaic efficiency. The overoxidation of acetaldehyde was suppressed by being unable to kinetically compete with ethanol oxidation in terms of turnover frequency by a factor of ten. Temperature‐dependent rate law analyses were applied to determine the activation energies of these two oxidations. For the ethanol oxidation, the activation energy was 195 meV, compared to 398 meV for acetaldehyde oxidation. These results were correlated with the valence band potential to elucidate the advantage of using hematite for safer and sustainable value‐added aldehyde synthesis compared to the industrial method. The dynamics of ethanol oxidation also addressed the challenges in broad‐spectrum deep oxidation of organic compounds in water purification using metal oxides.
El Niño and marine heatwaves: Ecological impacts on Oregon rocky intertidal kelp communities at local to regional scales
Authors: Spiecker Barbara J. , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEl Niños and marine heatwaves (MHWs) are predicted to increase in frequency under greenhouse warming. The impact of climate oscillations like El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on coastal environments in the short term likely mimics those of climate change in the long term; therefore, El Niños may serve as a short‐term proxy for possible long‐term ecological responses to an increasingly variable climate. Understanding and prediction of ecosystem responses requires elucidating the mechanisms underlying different organizational scales (organism, space, and time). We analyzed spatiotemporal variation in the effect of the 2015–2016 El Niño and the overlapping 2014–2016 East Pacific MHW on three intertidal kelps (Hedophyllum sessile, Egregia menziesii, and Postelsia palmaeformis) at seven sites across 300 km of the Oregon coast and over three years post El Niño. We measured percent cover, density, maximum length, growth, and carbon : nitrogen (C:N) ratios monthly in spring/summer at each site from 2016 through 2018. Results revealed a complex interplay between spatial, temporal, and biological factors that modified the effects of these thermal anomalies on Oregon intertidal kelp populations. Our findings generally agree with prior literature showing detrimental effects of El Niño on kelp. However, El Niño and possibly MHW effects can be mitigated or amplified by environmental processes and kelp life history strategies. In our study, coastal upwelling provided regional relief for the kelp individuals with respect to their growth needs and mitigated the adverse effects of warming. On the other hand, we also found that coastal upwelling amplified, or compounded, detrimental effects of El Niño by increasing phytoplankton‐induced shading and mollusk grazing on juvenile and adult kelps, thereby reducing their density. Given the greater uncertainty associated with warming events and climate change in the California Current Upwelling System and its biological implications, our findings reiterate the importance of acquiring better understanding of how context‐specific underlying conditions modify ecosystem processes. More specifically, understanding how demographic traits and life history stages of kelp change with biological interactions and environmental forcing over temporal and spatial scales is crucial to anticipating future climate change ramifications.
A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Lewis Acid Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Nucleophilic Ethylenes
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Acharjee Nivedita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe BF3Lewis acid (LA) catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of 1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide (PNO) with 2,3‐dihydrofuran (DHF) has been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at theωB97X‐D/6‐311G(d,p) computational level. Electron localization function (ELF) characterizes PNO and the corresponding PNO : BF3complex as zwitterionic species. Conceptual DFT indices allow classifying PNO and DHF as marginal electrophiles and strong nucleophiles, while the PNO : BF3complex is a strong electrophile. Consequently, while the non‐catalyzed 32CA reaction is non‐polar, the BF3catalyzed one has a high polar character, revealed by the analysis of the global electron density transfer (GEDT) at the transition state structures. The BF3catalyzed 32CA reaction, which is classified as of reverse electron density flux (REDF), presents highexostereoselectivity, and totalorthoregioselectivity. The presence of the BF3catalyst decreases the activation enthalpy of the 32CA reaction in dichloromethane by 7.5 kcal mol−1, as a consequence of the increase of the polar character of the reaction, in complete agreement with the experimentally observed acceleration.
Ambipolar diarylnitroxides: Molecular design and electrochemical testing
Authors: Magdesieva Tatiana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPossible approaches to molecular design of stable diarylnitroxyl radicals capable to form sufficiently stable cations and anions under one‐electron oxidation and reduction are discussed. Both covalent and noncovalent stabilizing “tools” are considered. The main focus is made on the dynamic stabilization of oppositely charged redox states of a molecule through conformational changes. The efficiency of the approaches was confirmed on a wide range of novel diarylnitroxides designed accordingly to the suggested guidelines. Spectral and quantum‐chemical data support fast conformational changes accompanying electron transfer steps and facilitating stabilization of the cationic and anionic species. Voltammetric study of new compounds revealed the formation of reversible redox couples in both anodic and cathodic areas for the majority of nitroxides making them suitable for practical application.
Impacts of raindrops increase particle sedimentation in a sheet flow
Authors: Nouhou Bako Amina , Cottenot Lionel , Courtemanche Pierre , Lucas Carine , James François , Darboux Frédéric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterrill erosion is driven by raindrops and sheet flow. Raindrop impacts cause sediment detachment and splash, but can also affect flow transport. Even if these processes have been studied for long, the actual effect of raindrop impacts on particle settling velocities has not been experimentally assessed. This leads to unconstrained adjustments in the soil erosion models, the settling velocity of particles being a freely adjustable parameter allowing for better fitting the particle flux measured at the outlet. To address the effect of raindrop impacts on the settling of particles in sheet flow, a laboratory flume experiment was designed, using an upstream feeder of sediment (100–200 μm) and simulated rainfalls. It reproduced conditions close to sheet flow, while not allowing for the detachment of particles from the flume bottom. Two series of experiments were run: a series with a high rainfall intensity (175 mm/h) generated by an oscillating‐nozzle rainfall simulator, and a series with lower rainfall intensities (10, 15, 25, 35, 55 mm/h) generated by a drop‐former rainfall simulator. When a rainfall was applied, it systematically decreased the sediment concentration at the outflow compared to the no rain condition; however, no obvious relationship was found with the rainfall intensity. This shows that raindrop impacts increase particle settling velocities in sheet flow. Two underlying mechanisms are suggested, related to the momentum of the raindrops or to the turbulence caused by the raindrops into the flow. Further studies should be carried out, using computational fluid dynamics and collaboration with the fluid mechanics community.
Disturbance and valley confinement: Controls on floodplain large wood and organic matter jam deposition in the Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Guiney Molly R. , Lininger Katherine B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic matter dynamics (entrainment, transport, deposition) can influence ecogeomorphic complexity in rivers. However, the depositional controls on downed large wood (LW) and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) on floodplains have rarely been assessed. We investigate the influence of different disturbance histories, as well as geomorphology and forest stand density, on the deposition of LW and CPOM accumulations, or jams, between two adjacent drainages (West Creek, North Fork Big Thompson) in the semi‐arid Colorado Front Range, USA. Both basins recently experienced an extreme flood, but West Creek experienced a larger flood peak as well as a recent upstream fire. We also analyse jam fabric (LW piece orientation) between floodplain and in‐channel jam types. We measured LW and CPOM jams on the North Fork to compute jam frequencies (jams ha−1) and loads (volume per area; m3 ha−1), and we compare these data to a previously published dataset from West Creek. Average floodplain LW jam frequencies (70.4 jams ha−1) and loads (678.6 m3 ha−1) on West Creek were significantly higher than on the North Fork (frequency: 14.8 jams ha−1; load: 94.3 m3 ha−1). Average floodplain CPOM jam frequencies (West Creek: 19.0 jams ha−1; North Fork: 15.1 jams ha−1) and loads (West Creek: 10.70 m3 ha−1; North Fork: 9.98 m3 ha−1) were not significantly different between basins. A larger flood peak, likely enhanced by a recent upstream fire and a more confined valley bottom, resulted in greater deposition of LW jams on West Creek compared to the North Fork. Geomorphic characteristics, such as valley confinement and slope, also influence jam frequencies and loads. Floodplain jam types oriented parallel to the stream were significantly different than other jam types. This work will inform river restoration efforts using wood and organic matter and provide insight on the transport and depositional processes influencing floodplain LW jam formation.
Extended distribution of Litsea keralana Kosterm. (Lauraceae) – an endemic and threatened species of the Western Ghats
Authors: Babu Kanda Naveen , Kurian Ayushi , Narayanan Ayyappan , Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLitsea keralana Kosterm. (Lauraceae), an endemic and threatened species is newly reported from Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRTTR), Karnataka state. Hitherto, this species is known from Kerala and Tamil Nadu of the southern Western Ghats. The present study confirms the range extension of the species to further north towards Karnataka in the easternmost tip of the Western Ghats, as there were no reports on the occurrence of this species from this state. A detailed description of the species, field photographs, scanned herbarium specimen, and a distribution map are provided. The occurrence of just one individual in close proximity to the coffee estate in BRTTR deserves total protection.
Plasticity impairment exposes CA3 vulnerability in a hippocampal network model of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Schumm Samantha N. , Gabrieli David , Meaney David F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProper function of the hippocampus is critical for executing cognitive tasks such as learning and memory. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological disorders are commonly associated with cognitive deficits and hippocampal dysfunction. Although there are many existing models of individual subregions of the hippocampus, few models attempt to integrate the primary areas into one system. In this work, we developed a computational model of the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1. The subregions are represented as an interconnected neuronal network, incorporating well‐characterized ex vivo slice electrophysiology into the functional neuron models and well‐documented anatomical connections into the network structure. In addition, since plasticity is foundational to the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory as well as necessary for studying adaptation to injury, we implemented spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity among the synaptic connections. Our model mimics key features of hippocampal activity, including signal frequencies in the theta and gamma bands and phase‐amplitude coupling in area CA1. We also studied the effects of spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity impairment, a potential consequence of TBI, in our model and found that impairment decreases broadband power in CA3 and CA1 and reduces phase coherence between these two subregions, yet phase‐amplitude coupling in CA1 remains intact. Altogether, our work demonstrates characteristic hippocampal activity with a scaled network model of spiking neurons and reveals the sensitive balance of plasticity mechanisms in the circuit through one manifestation of mild traumatic injury.
Development of multimodal micro‐endoscopic system with oblique illumination for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of oral cancer
Authors: Thapa Pramila , Singh Veena , Bhatt Sunil , Tayal Shilpa , Mann Priyanka , Maurya Kiran , Mishra Deepika , Mehta Dalip Singh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultimodality of an optical system implies the use of one or more optical techniques to improve the system's overall performance and maximum utility. In this article, we demonstrate a multimodal system with oblique illumination that combines two different techniques; fluorescence micro‐endoscopy and spectroscopy simultaneously and can be utilized to obtain diverse information from the same location of biological sample. In present system, use of graded index (GRIN) rod‐lens makes it highly compact and oblique incidence decouples illumination geometry with collection geometry, preventing CCD cameras from saturation and reduces number of optical elements, thereby making system further miniaturized and field‐portable. It also overcomes the disadvantages of undesired reflections from different optical elements. The experimental results of simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy of the biological samples are presented along with quantitative spectroscopic parameters; peak wavelength shift, area under the curve and full width half maximum (FWHM). The spatial resolution, spectral resolution and field of view of the system are found to be 4.38 μm, 0.5 nm and , respectively. Furthermore, we have obtained the red shift for cancerous oral tissue with respect to normal oral tissue 5.79 ± 1.071 nm. This could be important indicator for oral cancer screening.
Comparison of centrifugal and membrane filtration modalities on therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Keklik Muzaffer , Çelik Serhat , Yıldızhan Esra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a technique in which plasma is separated from the rest of the blood in an extracorporeal system and exchanged with appropriate fluids. Two main methods are used in the TPE process: membrane filtration (mTPE) and centrifuge‐based (cTPE) TPE. We aimed to compare the efficacy of these methods and their effects on hemostatic parameters.MethodsA total of 88 TPE procedures performed on 51 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Hemostatic parameters, such as pre‐ and postoperative complete blood count, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer levels were evaluated, as well as data recorded during the TPE application, such as preparation time, operation time, and plasma removal efficiency (PRE). The Fresenius multiFiltrate, software version 5.3 device was used for the mTPE procedure and the Spectra Optia device was used for cTPE.ResultsWhile both modalities removed similar amounts of plasma, the total time to perform the cTPE treatment was significantly lower than the mTPE (107 [66‐191] min vs 116.5 [80‐181] min, respectively) (P = .026). At the PRE rate, the mTPE procedure was as effective as cTPE (86.8% ± 16.3 vs 85.15% ± 17.63 respectively, P = .64). The difference was not statistically significant, and this is the highest rate of PRE reported about the mTPE procedure in the literature.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study directly comparing Fresenius and Spectra regarding mTPE and cTPE. While there were no statistically significant differences regarding PRE, treatment time of the mTPE was significantly longer than the cTPE treatment time.
Framing an intervention as focused on one's strength: Does framing enhance therapeutic benefit?
Authors: Murphy Samuel T. , Cheavens Jennifer S. , Strunk Daniel R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionA capitalization approach to enhancing client skills in cognitive behavioral interventions is focused on enhancing skills that represent relative strengths. This approach may bolster outcomes because the targeted skills are those that clients can most effectively use to recover from negative moods. Alternatively, the benefits might be due to client attitudes about these skills, such as their confidence that they can use these skills effectively.MethodsIn an unselected sample of 616 undergraduates, we randomized to one of two brief interventions (a cognitive or mindfulness intervention) and one of two framing conditions (framing the intervention as focusing on a relative strength or a weakness), resulting in four conditions. Participants were then asked to use the skill targeted in their intervention to recover from a sad mood induction.ResultsFraming conditions did not differ on expectations of benefit from sustained use of an intervention but did differ on mood recovery. Participants told that the intervention focused on a strength recovered more quickly following the mood induction. There was no difference between the skill interventions.DiscussionOur finding suggests intervention framing positively contributes to the effects of strengths focused treatments, though perhaps not by enhancing treatment expectations.
The daunting task of fighting HIV in Afghanistan: Current evidence and future recommendations
Authors: Mousavi Sayed Hamid , Qaderi Shohra , Ahmadi Attaullah , Arman Sayed Ibrahim , Ahmad Shoaib , Kareemzai Malyar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), like any other disease, has created great worry in Afghanistan. The country's slew of issues has paved the way for HIV to spread and go unchecked. International groups have banded together to stop the virus's spread since the first case was confirmed in Afghanistan. The cumulative effects of international collaboration have aided in the reduction of cases and improved awareness. Because of their injection use, a large portion of the country's population has been classified as a vulnerable category for HIV infection. Awareness campaigns and international collaboration should be implemented to further limit the spread of HIV.
The effectiveness of mRNA‐1273 vaccine against COVID‐19 caused by Delta variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kow Chia S. , Ramachandram Dinesh S. , Hasan Syed S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe aimed to perform meta‐analyses to summarize the overall effectiveness of the mRNA‐1273 vaccine against COVID‐19 caused by the Delta variant from real‐world studies. A systematic literature search with no language restriction was performed in electronic databases to identify eligible observational studies that reported the effectiveness of the mRNA‐1273 vaccine to prevent reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) confirmed COVID‐19 caused by Delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 (B.1.617.2). A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI), and the vaccine effectiveness was indicated as (pooled OR − 1)/OR. Five studies were included for this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that the administration of mRNA‐1273 vaccine protected against RT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 caused by Delta variant ≥21 days post first dose, with pooled vaccine effectiveness of 66% (95% CI: 65%–67%), as well as ≥14 days after the second dose, with pooled vaccine effectiveness of 91% (95% CI: 84%–95%). In conclusion, the mRNA‐1273 vaccine offers a substantial protection rate against RT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 caused by the Delta variant upon full vaccination, although with slightly reduced effectiveness relative to other strains of SARS‐CoV‐2.
My knowledge: The negative impact of territorial feelings on employee's own innovation through knowledge hiding
Authors: Guo Mengyao , Brown Graham , Zhang Lihua 
Published: January 2022

SummaryInnovation is critical for organizational success but innovation often depends on employee's willingness to share, which they surprisingly are not always willing to do despite potential negative costs to the individuals who hide information. Drawing on psychological ownership theory, we explain how knowledge engenders territorial feelings and leads employees to hide knowledge. Using social exchange theory, we explain how certain types of knowledge hiding behavior negatively impact the hider by reducing their own innovation. To explore potential mitigating factors, we proposed that affect‐based trust alleviates the relationship between territorial feelings and knowledge hiding and buffers the harmful effect of territorial feelings on innovative behavior. We tested the model in two studies: a pilot study of 133 full‐time employees (Study 1) and a two‐wave investigation of 30 supervisors and 240 employees (Study 2). Results revealed that (a) territorial feelings positively influenced evasive hiding and playing dumb but not rationalized hiding, (b) evasive hiding and playing dumb mediated the link between territorial feelings and innovative behavior, (c) affect‐based trust moderated the relationship between territorial feelings and evasive hiding as well as the indirect effects of territorial feelings on employee innovative behavior via evasive hiding. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.