bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking direct effect and its evolution: a proposal
Authors: Gallo Daniele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article revisits the present and future of the direct effect principle and submits solutions for its appropriate understanding and enforcement. Once the topic has been put into context and it has been shown why direct effect is an evolving notion whose scope goes beyond the Van Gend & Loos judgement and the doctrine originating from it, the study presents five intertwined arguments. First, direct effect has two facets since, aside from a subjective-substitutive form of direct effect, there exists an objective-oppositive manifestation of direct effect, whereby a directly effective European Union (EU) provision entails the disapplication of national law, without either conferring immediately an individual right or replacing the domestic norm in governing the case at hand. Second, the article claims that the obligation to disapply is triggered always by primacy and direct effect, never by primacy alone. In fact, justifying disapplication on the basis only of the primacy principle and not on primacy and direct effect is likely to undermine the logic implied in the relationship between the EU legal order and domestic legal systems. Third, there are legitimate derogations from the obligation to immediately disapply a conflicting domestic provision with EU law endowed with direct effect in so far as they are admitted by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the condition that the replacement of a national provision by an EU norm may harm individual rights and/or question the national identity clause enshrined in Article 4(2) Treaty on European Union (TEU). Fourth, the test on clarity, precision and unconditionality for assessing whether an EU norm is directly effective, as it was conceived by the CJEU, is no longer a pillar in the conceptualisation and practice of direct effect. As a matter of fact, only unconditionality, in practice, proves to be the core element of direct effect. Moreover, direct effect and direct applicability are equivalent concepts since unconditionality, as the condicio sine qua non of direct effect, coincides with direct applicability. Fifth, a distinctive quality of direct effect, along with unconditionality, is the creation of an advantage resulting from the application of EU law and the subsequent disapplication of national law. This implies that an EU directly effective provision can never be only in malam partem (ie, detrimental for the individual) and thus disapplication, lacking the existence of an advantage for the individual, shall never come into play. The article concludes that the duty to refine the doctrine of direct effect must be performed, ultimately, by the CJEU. Indeed, only the CJEU can offer guidance to national authorities, since it has an interpretive monopoly on the ifs, whens and hows of direct effect. To this end, it is vital that the EU judges, by rejecting argumentative minimalism brought to its extreme, come to reassert their constitutional role and re-establish the common core of the EU system, beginning with the principles that created and shaped it.
Disconnecting agricultural workers’ exploitation from migration policies: a trend towards a business and human rights approach in the European Union
Authors: Corcione Elena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeasonal migrants’ exploitation in Europe, especially in agriculture, is often seen as having its origins in failure of migration or labour policies. Indeed, the virtual impossibility to enter a country as a regular non-European Union (EU) worker coupled with the needs of agricultural work, requiring low-skilled workforce and short time notice for recruitment, generates a perfect environment for exploitation and the related phenomenon of gangmastering. However, work exploitation in agriculture is nowadays a structural problem, requiring structural changes in the way food is produced and intended by the agri-food supply chain as a whole. Indeed, a truly preventative approach needs not only to protect seasonal migrants from human rights violations, but also to involve agribusiness in tackling the root causes of migrants’ exploitation. Building on international standards on business and human rights, the aim of this contribution is to propose a more holistic view of the phenomenon workers exploitation in agriculture. Recent European policies seem to have understood this need, calling enterprises and farmers to bear their responsibility by introducing an accountability discourse for the agribusiness and the food supply chain, either indirectly or directly. The new social conditionality clause in the Common Agricultural Policy, the Directive on Unfair Practices in Agriculture and the recent Commission proposal for a Directive on mandatory human rights due diligence should therefore be read in conjunction with major developments in international law that call for the responsibility of powerful private actors operating in agri-food sector.
Path dependent policymaking in the post-Brexit United Kingdom: what’s new about the ‘points-based’ labour migration system?
Authors: Dias-Abey Manoj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe end of free movement as a consequence of the United Kingdom (UK)’s withdrawal from the European Union (EU) meant that it was necessary for the UK to devise a new migration system when the transition period came to an end. One aim of this article is to determine in what respects the new system, which came into force on 1 January 2021, draws on or differs from the previous immigration system. To the extent that this inquiry reveals some similarities, another aim is to uncover how the policymaking process produced these continuities. Drawing on the concept of path dependency from the ‘new institutionalism’ literature, the analysis reveals that two critical decisions taken by the New Labour government (1997–2010) set in train a path dependent policy process that has shaped immigration law and policy today. Two mechanisms of path dependency are identified. First, there were continuities in the operation of conceptual frameworks, methodologies and conclusions amongst organisations tasked with designing the new immigration system. Second, the position adopted by employing enterprises favoured the retention of key features of the previous system.
The natural extension of the random beta-transformation
Authors: TIERCE YOUNÈS 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe construct a geometrico-symbolic version of the natural extension of the random
$\beta $
-transformation introduced by Dajani and Kraaikamp [Random
$\beta $
-expansions. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.23(2) (2003) 461–479]. This construction provides a new proof of the existence of a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure for the random
$\beta $
-transformation, and an expression for its density. We then prove that this natural extension is a Bernoulli automorphism, generalizing to the random case the result of Smorodinsky [
$\beta $
-automorphisms are Bernoulli shifts. Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar.24 (1973), 273–278] about the greedy transformation.
The mental health and well-being of internally displaced female Yazidis in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: a realist review of psychosocial interventions and the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Lobanov-Rostovsky Sophia , Kiss Ligia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundYazidis in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have been exposed to recurrent traumatic experiences associated with genocide and gender-based violence (GBV). In 2014, ISIS perpetrated another genocide against the Yazidi community of Sinjar. Women and girls were held captive, raped and beaten. Many have been forced into displacement. Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide are high. Limited research has evaluated interventions delivered to this population.MethodsThis review explores how the global evidence on psychosocial interventions for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence applies to the context of the female Yazidi population. We used a realist review to explore mechanisms underpinning complex psychosocial interventions delivered to internally displaced, conflict-affected females. Findings were cross-referenced with eight realist, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders who deliver interventions to female Yazidis in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Interviews also allowed us to explore the impact of COVID-19 on effectiveness of interventions.ResultsSeven mechanisms underpinned positive mental health outcomes (reduced PTSD, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation): safe spaces, a strong therapeutic relationship, social connection, mental health literacy, cultural-competency, gender-matching and empowerment. Interviews confirmed relevance and applicability of mechanisms to the displaced female Yazidi population. Interviews also reported increased PTSD, depression, suicide and flashbacks since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with significant disruptions to interventions.ConclusionCOVID-19 is just one of many challenges in the implementation and delivery of interventions. Responding to the mental health needs of female Yazidis exposed to chronic collective violence requires recognition of their sociocultural context and everyday experiences.
Relatos de prisión/ficción: Escritura, materialidad y visualidad en el diario Crítica (1922–1933)
Authors: Mascioto María de los Ángeles 
Published: November 2022

ResumenDurante la primera mitad del siglo XX, el diario Crítica fue uno de los espacios más relevantes de difusión y afianzamiento de la noticia policial en Argentina. Fue, al mismo tiempo, el medio periodístico que mayor relevancia otorgó a la situación de los presos en las cárceles locales. Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que la prensa, medio con el cual la literatura policial se encuentra indefectiblemente ligada, no solo se ha constituido en muchos casos como el primer soporte de circulación de numerosos relatos y novelas del género, sino que además fue un espacio de construcción y consolidación de las representaciones y procedimientos implementados en las historias del crimen. A partir de esto se propone, en primer lugar, identificar los rasgos escriturarios en los que se hace evidente una combinación de componentes referenciales y ficcionales en un conjunto de notas carcelarias publicadas por entregas en Crítica entre 1922 y 1933. Y, en segundo lugar, analizar los modos en que, desde su misma materialidad y visualidad, Crítica montó y expuso estos artículos en el espacio impreso.
Prospective associations of emotion reactivity and risk behaviors with suicide attempts in US Army soldiers
Authors: Naifeh James A. , Ursano Robert J. , Stein Murray B. , Mash Holly B. Herberman , Aliaga Pablo A. , Fullerton Carol S. , Dinh Hieu M. , Kao Tzu-Cheg , Sampson Nancy A. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmotion reactivity and risk behaviors (ERRB) are transdiagnostic dimensions associated with suicide attempt (SA). ERRB patterns may identify individuals at increased risk of future SAs.MethodsA representative sample of US Army soldiers entering basic combat training (n = 21 772) was surveyed and followed via administrative records for their first 48 months of service. Latent profile analysis of baseline survey items assessing ERRB dimensions, including emotion reactivity, impulsivity, and risk-taking behaviors, identified distinct response patterns (classes). SAs were identified using administrative medical records. A discrete-time survival framework was used to examine associations of ERRB classes with subsequent SA during the first 48 months of service, adjusting for time in service, socio-demographic and service-related variables, and mental health diagnosis (MH-Dx). We examined whether associations of ERRB classes with SA differed by year of service and for soldiers with and without a MH-Dx.ResultsOf 21 772 respondents (86.2% male, 61.8% White non-Hispanic), 253 made a SA. Four ERRB classes were identified: ‘Indirect Harming’ (8.9% of soldiers), ‘Impulsive’ (19.3%), ‘Risk-Taking’ (16.3%), and ‘Low ERRB’ (55.6%). Compared to Low ERRB, Impulsive [OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3–2.4)] and Risk-Taking [OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.2)] had higher odds of SA after adjusting for covariates. The ERRB class and MH-Dx interaction was non-significant. Within each class, SA risk varied across service time.ConclusionsSA risk within the four identified ERRB classes varied across service time. Impulsive and Risk-Taking soldiers had increased risk of future SA. MH-Dx did not modify these associations, which may therefore help identify risk in those not yet receiving mental healthcare.
Faster navigation of semi-structured forest environments using multirotor UAVs
Authors: Lin Tzu-Jui , Stol Karl A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModern approaches for exploration path planning generally do not assume any structural information regarding the operational area. Therefore, they offer good performance when the region of interest is entirely unknown. However, for some applications such as plantation forest surveying, partial information regarding the survey area is known before the exploration process. Because the region of interest consists only of the lower portions of the tree stems themselves, the ground and high-elevation sections of the environment are unimportant and do not need to be observed. Due to these unconventional conditions, existing methods favoring faster survey speeds produce suboptimal surveys as they do not try and ensure even coverage across the entire exploration volume, while methods that favor reconstruction accuracy produce excessively long survey times. This work proposes a structured exploration approach specifically for plantation forests utilizing a lawnmowing pattern to maximize coverage while minimizing re-visited regions, guiding the unmanned aerial vehicle to visit all areas. Experiments are conducted in various environments, with comparisons made to state-of-the-art exploration planners regarding survey time and coverage. Results suggest that the proposed methods produce surveys with significantly more predictable coverage and survey times at the expense of a longer survey.
Time–frequency feature transform suite for deep learning-based gesture recognition using sEMG signals
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ye Jiancong , Wang Can , Zhong Junpei , Wu Xinyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, deep learning methods have achieved considerable performance in gesture recognition using surface electromyography signals. However, improving the recognition accuracy in multi-subject gesture recognition remains a challenging problem. In this study, we aimed to improve recognition performance by adding subject-specific prior knowledge to provide guidance for multi-subject gesture recognition. We proposed a time–frequency feature transform suite (TFFT) that takes the maps generated by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as input. The TFFT can be connected to a neural network to obtain an end-to-end architecture. Thus, we integrated the suite into traditional neural networks, such as convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory, to adjust the intermediate features. The results of comparative experiments showed that the deep learning models with the TFFT suite based on CWT improved the recognition performance of the original architectures without the TFFT suite in gesture recognition tasks. Our proposed TFFT suite has promising applications in multi-subject gesture recognition and prosthetic control.
The role of ultra-processed food consumption and depression on type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective community study in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Sen Akankasha , Brazeau Anne-Sophie , Deschênes Sonya , Ramiro Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectives:The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association between depression and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption as risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design:A prospective community study.Setting:Baseline data (2009–2010) from CARTaGENE community health study from Quebec, Canada, were used. Food and drink consumption was assessed using the Canadian-Diet History Questionnaire II and grouped according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification, and participants were categorised into tertiles of UPF (g/d). Depression was defined using either a validated cut-off score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or antidepressant use. The outcome was the incidence of T2D, examined in 3880 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Cox regression models estimated the associations between UPF, depression and incident T2D.Participants:40–69-year-old individuals at baseline.Results:In total, 263 (6·8 %) individuals developed T2D. Participants with high depressive symptoms and high UPF consumption showed the highest risk for T2D (adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1·58, 95 % CI (0·98, 2·68)), compared to those with low depressive symptoms and low UPF consumption. The risk for T2D was similar when high depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were combined with high UPF (aHR 1·62, 95 % CI (1·02, 2·57)).Conclusions:This study shows that co-occurring depression and high UPF consumption were associated with a higher risk for T2D. Early management and monitoring of both risk factors might be essential for diabetes prevention.
Kritisches Denken
Authors: Thieme Susan , Schulte-Vels Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Kritischen Denken ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Bildung und eine wichtige Grundlage für persönliche Lebensgestaltung, politische Partizipation und für nachhaltiges Arbeiten und Wirtschaften. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Artikel ist eine Einladung, über die Rolle kritischen Denkens im eigenen Arbeitsalltag zu reflektieren und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, dies in den Arbeitsalltag zu integrieren. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Kritisches Denken fördert Wertschätzung, berufliche Zufriedenheit und Debatten über strukturelle Veränderungen von Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen.
Demokratie in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Wolfensberger Peter , Trenoweth Steve 
Published: November 2022

Was ist zum Thema bereits bekannt? Psychiatrische Pflege hat sich in den letzten Jahren weiterentwickelt und fokussiert heute auf Empowerment der Betroffenen und der Umsetzung des Recovery-Ansatzes. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Demokratie ist ein wichtiger und gern übersehener Aspekt professioneller psychiatrischer Pflege, welcher den Fokus über die direkte Patient_innenarbeit hinaus öffnet. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die psychiatrische Pflege ist aufgefordert, eine grössere Verantwortung in der psychiatrischen Versorgung zu übernehmen.
Versorgungslücke subjektive Hinwendung zum Menschen
Authors: Blom Nicole 
Published: November 2022

Was ist zu dem Thema bekannt? In den letzten Jahren gab es immer wieder verschiedene Novellierungen des Ausbildungsberufs Pflege. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die Entwicklungen der Perspektiven von Medizin und Pflege sind sehr unterschiedlich. Für eine gute und zukunftsfähige Versorgung von hilfebedürftigen Menschen, bedarf es beider Sichtweisen gleichermaßen. Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Pflegefachpersonal können mit der Generierung einer eigenen Wissensbasis, einer erhöhten Handlungsautonomie und mit ihrer ganzheitlichen Perspektive eine wertvolle Ergänzung zur Medizin sein und somit einen ebenso wichtigen Beitrag für die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung leisten.
The 2021 European Heat Wave in the Context of Past Major Heat Waves
Authors: Lhotka Ondřej , Kyselý Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe past two decades in Europe have been characterized by numerous major heat waves, with record‐breaking temperatures reported also during the summer of 2021. While most previous studies on heat waves were based on land‐only datasets (station or gridded), we use the ERA5 reanalysis to capture also heat wave characteristics over water bodies. An up‐to‐date list of major European heat waves since 1950 is presented, and the 2021 heat wave is evaluated in this long‐term context. This event was record‐breaking in length at the European scale, and in many other aspects (spatial extent, magnitude) comparable to the 2003 and 2010 major heat waves. The summer of 2021 was unprecedented over Europe according to the number of hot days (63) and the earliest start of a major heat wave (June 19), while the 2019 heat wave with record‐breaking temperatures across Western Europe stands out as to its intensity. Another recent major heat wave in 2018 ranked fourth in terms of magnitude. The spatial pattern in occurrence of the most severe heat wave since 1950 in individual parts of Europe is dominated by the 2003 (Western Europe), 2010 (Eastern Europe), 2018 (Scandinavia), and 2021 (Mediterranean) major heat waves. Overall, 83% of the domain area experienced the most severe heat wave in the past two decades (2002–2021), which demonstrates a rapidly changing summer climate in Europe.
Impact of Tropospheric Ties on UT1‐UTC in GNSS and VLBI Integrated Solution of Intensive Sessions
Authors: Wang Jungang , Ge Maorong , Glaser Susanne , Balidakis Kyriakos , Heinkelmann Robert , Schuh Harald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVery Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) intensive (INT) sessions are critical for the rapid determination and densification of Universal Time 1‐Coordinate Universal Time (UT1‐UTC), which plays an important role in satellite geodesy and space exploration missions and is not predictable over longer time scales. Due to the limited observation geometry of INT sessions with two to three stations observing about 1 hr, tropospheric gradients cannot be estimated, which degrades the UT1‐UTC precision. We investigate the impact of tropospheric ties at Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) and VLBI co‐located stations in INT sessions from 2001 to 2021. VLBI and GNSS observations are combined on the observation level. The results are evaluated by using both UT1‐UTC and Length of Day (LOD) from consecutive sessions. We demonstrate a better agreement of 10%–30% when comparing the derived LOD to GNSS LOD for INT1, INT2, and VGOS‐2 sessions; whereas, the agreement is not improved when directly comparing UT1‐UTC to the IERS Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs) product, potentially because INT sessions also contribute to IERS EOP products. The major impact comes from tropospheric gradient ties, whereas applying zenith delay ties does not improve or even deteriorate UT1‐UTC agreement. Gradient ties also introduce systematic biases in UT1‐UTC by around −3 to −5 μs, except for the Russian INT sessions. Regression analysis shows that the east gradient introduces systematic effects in UT1‐UTC for sessions involving Germany and USA (Hawaii), whereas for Germany–Japan and Russian sessions, the north gradient also contributes systematically.