bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPAs („entrustable professional activities“) in der Frauenheilkunde – Was sollten PJ-Studierende können?
Authors: Schänzler Verena , Riedel Maximilian , Riedel Fabian , Walter Adeline , Strizek Brigitte , Weber Eva , Gembruch Ulrich , Weiss Martin , Recker Florian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAuch im Praktischen Jahr (PJ) müssen zukünftig verbesserte und praxisorientiertere Lehrkonzepte etabliert werden, um sich an die neuesten gesetzlichen Vorgaben der medizinischen Ausbildung anzupassen. Die neue ärztliche Approbationsordnung zielt dabei auf ein Absolventenprofil ab, das verstärkt auf dem Modell der kompetenzbasierten Lehre und der „entrustable professional activities“ (EPAs) basiert. Besonders in im Fachgebiet der Frauenheilkunde ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, früh wichtige Schlüsselfähigkeiten, auch im Sinne der Patientinnensicherheit, zu erlernen. Durch die Integration der EPAs ergeben sich sowohl für Studierende als auch für die Kliniken Vorteile: Studierende erlangen eine praxisnahe Ausbildung, die sie auf den Berufsalltag bestmöglich vorbereitet; Kliniken können wiederum eine bessere Patientenversorgung sicherstellen und ihr ärztliches Team mit gut ausgebildeten Berufseinsteigenden stärken. Um EPAs in das PJ integrieren zu können, müssen diese im ersten Schritt erstellt und inhaltlich definiert werden. International wurden bereits Frauenheilkunde-spezifische EPAs entwickelt; diese lassen sich allerdings nur bedingt in Deutschland anwenden. Hier sind größere Modifikationen notwendig. Um eine erfolgreiche Integration von EPAs in den Klinikalltag zu gewährleisten, müssen innerhalb der Kliniken vermehrt Ressourcen für die Betreuung und Anleitung der Studierenden mobilisiert werden. Dies soll zukünftig die Kompetenz junger Ärzte in den Berufsalltag in der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe stärken und sowohl Verantwortungsbewusstsein als auch die klinisch-praktischen Kompetenzen stärken.
The long shadow of child labour on adolescent mental health: a quantile approach
Authors: Jayawardana Danusha , Baryshnikova Nadezhda V. , Cheng Terence C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines the heterogeneous effect of child labour on adolescent mental health using longitudinal household data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. We use legislative minimum wage as an instrument to address the endogeneity bias of child work. Results from the instrumental variable quantile estimation indicate that the effect of child labour is heterogeneous across the mental health distribution. Specifically, working as a child increases the mental health score (CES-D score) at all quantiles and the magnitude of the effect is large above the median of the distribution. This suggests that child workers are likely to develop depression later in life, especially adolescents with poor mental health. Additionally, we find that the effect of child work on adolescent mental health is greater for boys compared to girls.
Value of MRI-based semi-quantitative structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunt surgery
Authors: Chen Jiakuan , He Wenjie , Zhang Xiejun , Lv Minrui , Zhou Xi , Yang Xiaolin , Wei Haihua , Ma Haiqin , Li Hongbing , Xia Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the value of structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of shunt surgery for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using two different standard semi-quantitative imaging scales.

Methods
A total of 47 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt surgery at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 were included in this study. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) were used to evaluate and quantify the clinical symptoms before and after shunt surgery. The disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) and iNPH Radscale scores were used to evaluate the preoperative MR images. The primary endpoint was improvement in the mRS score a year after surgery, and the secondary endpoint was the iNPHGS after 1 year. The preoperative imaging features of the improved and non-improved groups were compared.

Results
The rates of the primary and secondary outcomes were 59.6% and 61.7%, respectively, 1 year after surgery. There were no significant differences in preoperative DESH score, iNPH Radscale, Evans’ index (EI), or callosal angle (CA) between the improved and non-improved groups. Significant correlations were observed between the severity of gait disorder and EI and the CA.

Conclusions
The value of structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of shunt surgery is limited, and screening for shunt surgery candidates should not rely only on preoperative imaging findings.

Key Points
• Early shunt surgery can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).
• Structural imaging findings have limited predictiveness for the prognosis of patients with iNPH after shunt surgery.
• Patients should not be selected for shunt surgery based on only structural imaging findings.
Pan-segmental intraprostatic lesions involving mid-gland and apex of prostate (mid-apical lesions): assessing the true value of extreme apical biopsy cores
Authors: Leyh-Bannurah Sami-Ramzi , Boiko Svitlana , Beyersdorff Dirk , Falkenbach Fabian , Ekrutt Jonas , Maurer Tobias , Graefen Markus , Kachanov Mykyta , Budäus Lars 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
When considering increased morbidity of apical biopsies, the added diagnostic value of separate targeting of mid-gland and apical segment of the pan-segmental mid-apical mpMRI prostate cancer (PCa) suspicious lesions was assessed.

Materials and methods
A total of 420 patients with a single mpMRI PCa-suspicious PI-RADS ≥ 3 intraprostatic lesion extending from the mid-gland to the apical segment of the gland underwent transrectal MRI-targeted (TBx) and systematic prostate biopsy. Clinically significant PCa (CsPCa) was defined as Gleason Score (GS) ≥ 3 + 4. PCa detection rates of TBx cores were assessed according to targeted anatomical segments. Finally, the diagnostic values of two theoretical TBx protocols utilizing 1-core (A) vs. 2-cores (B) per anatomical segment were compared.

Results
TBx within the pan-segmental mid-apical lesions yielded 44% of csPCa. After stratification into mid- vs. apical segment of the lesion, csPCa was detected in 36% (mid-gland) and 32% (apex), respectively. Within the patients who had no csPCa detection by mid-gland sampling (64%, n = 270), extreme apical TBx yielded additional 8.1% of csPCa. Comparison of extreme apical TBx strategy B vs. overall PCa detection in our cohort revealed corresponding similar rates of 49 vs.50% and 31 vs.32%, respectively.

Conclusion
Separate analyses of both segments, mid-gland and apex, clearly revealed the diagnostic contribution of apical TBx. Our findings strongly suggest to perform extreme apical TBx even within pan-segmental lesions. Moreover, our results indicate that a higher number of cores sampled from the mid-gland segment might be avoided if complemented with a two-core extreme apical TBx.
Phototherapeutische Keratektomie bei rezidivierenden Hornhauterosionen verschiedener epithelialer Genese: Einfluss der Ablationstiefe auf Pachymetrie und Refraktion
Authors: Grauvogl Vitus , Luft Nikolaus , Mohr Niklas , Nobl Matthias , Gerhardt Maximilian J. , Siedlecki Jakob , Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einführung
Die phototherapeutische Keratektomie gilt heute als etabliertes Therapieverfahren für Patienten, welche unter therapierefraktären genetisch bedingten Hornhautdystrophien oder rezidivierenden Erosiones ohne zugrunde liegende Basalmembrandystrophie leiden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit war es, Änderungen der Refraktion und der Pachymetrie nach phototherapeutischer Keratektomie bei Patienten, welche eine epitheliale Basalmembrandystrophie oder rezidivierende Erosiones ohne zugrunde liegende Basalmembrandystrophie (traumatisch/nichttraumatisch bedingt) aufweisen, zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden
Die Patientendaten wurden retrospektiv aus dem Smart-Eye-Data-Datenbank-System der Augenklinik der LMU in den Jahren 2014 bis 2020 zusammen mit diagnostischen Daten aus Pentacam HR und Autorefraktometer ausgewertet. Als festes Therapieregime wurde eine Photoablation von 10 μm für epitheliale Basalmembrandystrophie und 6 μm für Patienten ohne Basalmembrandystrophie gewählt.

Ergebnisse
In beiden Kollektiven konnte eine Abnahme der Pachymetrie am Apex nachgewiesen werden (epitheliale Basalmembrandystrophie: Abnahme 25,8 μm, ±19,6 μm SD, Bandbreite −12–97 μm; keine Basalmembrandystrophie: Abnahme 12,3 μm, ±17,6 μm SD, Bandbreite −39–68 μm). Es kam zu keiner signifikanten Zu- oder Abnahme der „total corneal refractive power“ im epitheliale Basalmembrandystrophie-Kollektiv, im Kollektiv der rezidivierenden Erosiones ohne Basalmembrandystrophie zu einer signifikanten Zunahme von 42,3 dpt auf 42,6 dpt (Veränderung ±0,8 dpt SD, p < 0,05). Das sphärische Äquivalent zeigte keine Veränderung im Follow-up-Intervall für das epitheliale Basalmembrandystrophie Kollektiv. Hingegen zeigte das Kollektiv ohne Basalmembrandystrophie eine statistisch signifikante Abnahme des SE um 0,4 dpt (±0,7 dpt SD, p < 0,05). Das mittlere Follow-up-Intervall betrug 126 Tage (CI 95 %: 104 bis 147 Tage).

Schlussfolgerung
Ein signifikanter Einfluss auf die Refraktion konnte in der durchgeführten Studie in Bezug auf die „total corneal refractive power“ für beide Kollektive nur in geringem Maße festgestellt werden. Der finale Abtrag anhand der Pachymetrie am Apex hingegen kann auf das 2,3- bis 2,6-Fache der ursprünglichen Ablationstiefe geschätzt werden. Ursachen hierfür sind einerseits der Laserabtrag selbst sowie der Einfluss der reaktiven Wundheilung des kornealen Epithels.
Predictive inference of dual generalized order statistics from the inverse Weibull distribution
Authors: Aly Amany E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, some predictive results of dual generalized order statistics (DGOSs) from the inverse Weibull distribution are obtained. For this goal, different predictive and reconstructive pivotal quantities are proposed. Moreover, several predictive and reconstructive intervals concerning DGOSs based on the inverse Weibull distribution are constructed. Furthermore, the maximum likelihood predictor as well as the predictive maximum likelihood estimates based on DGOSs are studied. Finally, simulation studies are carried out to assess the efficiency of the obtained results.
Eye tracking identifies biomarkers in α-synucleinopathies versus progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Habibi Mahboubeh , Oertel Wolfgang H. , White Brian J. , Brien Donald C. , Coe Brian C. , Riek Heidi C. , Perkins Julia , Yep Rachel , Itti Laurent , Timmermann Lars , Best Christoph , Sittig Elisabeth , Janzen Annette , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study (1) describes and compares saccade and pupil abnormalities in patients with manifest alpha-synucleinopathies (αSYN: Parkinson’s disease (PD), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) and a tauopathy (progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)); (2) determines whether patients with rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), a prodromal stage of αSYN, already have abnormal responses that may indicate a risk for developing PD or MSA.

Methods
Ninety (46 RBD, 27 PD, 17 MSA) patients with an αSYN, 10 PSP patients, and 132 healthy age-matched controls (CTRL) were examined with a 10-min video-based eye-tracking task (Free Viewing). Participants were free to look anywhere on the screen while saccade and pupil behaviours were measured.

Results
PD, MSA, and PSP spent more time fixating the centre of the screen than CTRL. All patient groups made fewer macro-saccades (> 2◦ amplitude) with smaller amplitude than CTRL. Saccade frequency was greater in RBD than in other patients. Following clip change, saccades were temporarily suppressed, then rebounded at a slower pace than CTRL in all patient groups. RBD had distinct, although discrete saccade abnormalities that were more marked in PD, MSA, and even more in PSP. The vertical saccade rate was reduced in all patients and decreased most in PSP. Clip changes produced large increases or decreases in screen luminance requiring pupil constriction or dilation, respectively. PSP elicited smaller pupil constriction/dilation responses than CTRL, while MSA elicited the opposite.

Conclusion
RBD patients already have discrete but less pronounced saccade abnormalities than PD and MSA patients. Vertical gaze palsy and altered pupil control differentiate PSP from αSYN.
Inter-eye correlation analysis of 24-h IOPs and glaucoma progression
Authors: Dakroub Mohamad , Verma-Fuehring Raoul , Agorastou Vaia , Schön Julian , Hillenkamp Jost , Puppe Frank , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether 24-h IOP monitoring can be a predictor for glaucoma progression and to analyze the inter-eye relationship of IOP, perfusion, and progression parameters.

Methods
We extracted data from manually drawn IOP curves with HIOP-Reader, a software suite we developed. The relationship between measured IOPs and mean ocular perfusion pressures (MOPP) to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was analyzed. We determined the ROC curves for peak IOP (Tmax), average IOP(Tavg), IOP variation (IOPvar), and historical IOP cut-off levels to detect glaucoma progression (rate of RNFL loss). Bivariate analysis was also conducted to check for various inter-eye relationships.

Results
Two hundred seventeen eyes were included. The average IOP was 14.8 ± 3.5 mmHg, with a 24-h variation of 5.2 ± 2.9 mmHg. A total of 52% of eyes with RNFL progression data showed disease progression. There was no significant difference in Tmax, Tavg, and IOPvar between progressors and non-progressors (all p > 0.05). Except for Tavg and the temporal RNFL, there was no correlation between disease progression in any quadrant and Tmax, Tavg, and IOPvar. Twenty-four-hour and outpatient IOP variables had poor sensitivities and specificities in detecting disease progression. The correlation of inter-eye parameters was moderate; correlation with disease progression was weak.

Conclusion
In line with our previous study, IOP data obtained during a single visit (outpatient or inpatient monitoring) make for a poor diagnostic tool, no matter the method deployed. Glaucoma progression and perfusion pressure in left and right eyes correlated weakly to moderately with each other.
Inflammation suppresses DLG2 expression decreasing inflammasome formation
Authors: Keane Simon , Herring Matthew , Rolny Peter , Wettergren Yvonne , Ejeskär Katarina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Loss of expression of DLG2 has been identified in a number of cancers to contribute to the disease by resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation and poor survival. In light of the previous evidence that DLG2 alters the cell cycle and affects proliferation, combined with indications that DLG2 is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome axis we speculated that DLG2 has an immune function. So far, there is no data that clearly elucidates this role, and this study was designed to investigate DLG2 in inflammatory colon disease and in colon cancer as well as its impact on inflammasome induction.

Methods
The DLG2 expression levels were established in publicly available inflammation, colon cancer and mouse model datasets. The overexpression and silencing of DLG2 in colon cancer cells were used to determine the effect of DLG2 expression on the activation of the inflammasome and subsequent cytokine release.

Results
The expression of DLG2 is repressed in inflammatory colon diseases IBD and Ulcerative colitis as well as colorectal cancer tissue compared to healthy individuals. We subsequently show that induction with inflammatory agents in cell and animal models results in a biphasic alteration of DLG2 with an initial increase followed by an ensuing decrease. DLG2 overexpression leads to a significant increase in expression of IL1B, IκBζ and BAX, components that result in inflammasome formation. DLG2 silencing in THP1 cells resulted in increased release of IL-6 into the microenvironment which once used to treat bystander COLO205 cells resulted in an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and an increase proliferating cells and more cells in the G2/M phase. Restoration of DLG2 to the colon resulted in reduced AKT and S6 signaling.

Conclusion
DLG2 expression is altered in response to inflammation in the gut as well as colon cancer, resulting in altered ability to form inflammasomes.

Trial registration
NCT03072641.
A multi-variate heart disease optimization and recognition framework
Authors: Balaha Hossam Magdy , Shaban Ahmed Osama , El-Gendy Eman M. , Saafan Mahmoud M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most widely spread diseases all over the world among the common chronic diseases. CVD represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is vital to accurately detect the existence of heart diseases to help to save the patient life and prescribe a suitable treatment. The current evolution in artificial intelligence plays an important role in helping physicians diagnose different diseases. In the present work, a hybrid framework for the detection of heart diseases using medical voice records is suggested. A framework that consists of four layers, namely “Segmentation” Layer, “Features Extraction” Layer, “Learning and Optimization” Layer, and “Export and Statistics” Layer is proposed. In the first layer, a novel segmentation technique based on the segmentation of variable durations and directions (i.e., forward and backward) is suggested. Using the proposed technique, 11 datasets with 14,416 numerical features are generated. The second layer is responsible for feature extraction. Numerical and graphical features are extracted from the resulting datasets. In the third layer, numerical features are passed to 5 different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, while graphical features are passed to 8 different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with transfer learning to select the most suitable configurations. Grid Search and Aquila Optimizer (AO) are used to optimize the hyperparameters of ML and CNN configurations, respectively. In the last layer, the output of the proposed hybrid framework is validated using different performance metrics. The best-reported metrics are (1) 100% accuracy using ML algorithms including Extra Tree Classifier (ETC) and Random Forest Classifier (RFC) and (2) 99.17% accuracy using CNN.
Predicting number of threads using balanced datasets for openMP regions
Authors: Alcaraz Jordi , TehraniJamsaz Ali , Dutta Akash , Sikora Anna , Jannesari Ali , Sorribes Joan , Cesar Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncorporating machine learning into automatic performance analysis and tuning tools is a promising path to tackle the increasing heterogeneity of current HPC applications. However, this introduces the need for generating balanced datasets of parallel applications’ executions and for dealing with natural imbalances for optimizing performance parameters. This work proposes a holistic approach that integrates a methodology for building balanced datasets of OpenMP code-region patterns and a way to use such datasets for tuning performance parameters. The methodology uses hardware performance counters to characterize the execution of a given region and correlation analysis to determine whether it covers an unique part of the pattern input space. Nevertheless, a balanced dataset of region patterns may become naturally imbalanced when used for training a model for tuning any specific performance parameter. For this reason, we have explored several methods for dealing with naturally imbalanced datasets for finding the appropriated way of using them for tuning purposes. Experimentation shows that the proposed methodology can be used to build balanced datasets and that such datasets, plus a combination of Random Forest and binary classification, can be used to train a model able to accurately tune the number of threads of OpenMP parallel regions.
Endoscope-assisted resection of brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Oertel Joachim , Fischer Gerrit , Linsler Stefan , Huelser Matthias , Sippl Christoph , Teping Fritz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Targeted surgical precision and minimally invasive techniques are of utmost importance for resectioning cavernous malformations involving the brainstem region. Minimisation of the surgical corridor is desirable but should not compromise the extent of resection. This study provides detailed information on the role of endoscopy in this challenging surgical task. A retrospective analysis of medical documentation, radiologic studies and detailed intraoperative video documentation was performed for all consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of brainstem cavernous malformations between 2010 and 2020 at the authors’ institution. A case-based volumetry of the corticotomy was performed and compared to cavernoma dimensions. A total of 20 procedures have been performed in 19 patients. Neuroendoscopy was implemented in all cases. The mean size of the lesion was 5.4 (± 5) mm3. The average size of the brainstem corticotomy was 4.5 × 3.7 (± 1.0 × 1.1) mm, with a median relation to the cavernoma’s dimension of 9.99% (1.2–31.39%). Endoscopic 360° inspection of the resection cavity was feasible in all cases. There were no endoscopy-related complications. Mean follow-up was 27.8 (12–89) months. Gross-total resection was achieved in all but one case (95%). Sixteen procedures (80%) resulted in an improved or stable medical condition. Eleven patients (61.1%) showed further improvement 12 months after the initial surgery. With the experience provided, endoscopic techniques can be safely implemented in surgery for BSCM. A combination of neuroendoscopic visualisation and neuronavigation might enable a targeted size of brainstem corticotomy. Endoscopy can currently be considered a valuable additive tool to facilitate the preparation and resection of BSCM.
Evolutionary neighborhood discovery algorithm for agricultural routing planning in multiple fields
Authors: Utamima Amalia , Reiners Torsten , Ansaripoor Amir H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, operations research in agriculture has improved the harvested yield, reduced the cost and time required for field operations, and maintained economic and environmental sustainability. The heuristics method, named Evolutionary neighborhood discovery algorithm (ENDA), is applied to minimize the inter-field and intra-field distance of the routing planning of machines in multiple agricultural fields. The problem is an extended version of the Agricultural Routing Planning (ARP) that takes into consideration the different capacity of the machines and multiple agricultural fields. This research also describes the mathematical model to represent the proposed problem formulated as an integer program. The experimental results show that ENDA successfully solves ARP instances, giving the best results and the fastest running time compared to those obtained by Genetic Algorithms and Tabu Search. The results also show that ENDA can save an average of 11.72% of the distance traveled by the machines outside the working path (when making maneuvers, going to or from the entrances and going from and returning to the Depot).