bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first case report of rabies in a grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran)
Authors: Ghorani Mohammadreza , Eslami Fahime , Jafari Ghafar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRabies is an acute fatal viral encephalitis usually transmitted from animals to men following domestic and wild animal bites. Rabies is endemic in Iran. It is the most important zoonotic disease in the country. Here, we describe a case report of grey wolf rabies in Iran. One grey wolf in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province showed signs of rabies. Clinical signs were characterised by increased sensitivity, ferocity, restlessness, and depression is accompanied by lethargy. After a while, the animal died. The brain samples were taken from the wolf soon after death. The sample was refrigerated and transported fresh on ice to the laboratory. Fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) confirmed rabies infection in the wolf. Prevention and control of this fatal disease require a sensitive surveillance system to follow suspected animal and human rabies cases thoroughly through the improved reporting system, which contains the history of exposure, clinical examinations, symptoms, and laboratory results. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is very important due to its zoonotic and public health.
Impact of blade structural and aerodynamic uncertainties on wind turbine loads
Authors: Gonzaga Paulo , Toft Henrik , Worden Keith , Dervilis Nikolaos , Bernhammer Lars , Stevanovic Nevena , Gonzales Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOffshore wind power has been in the spotlight among renewable energy sources. The current trends of increased power ratings and longer blades come together with the aim to reduce energy costs by design optimisation. The standard approach to deal with uncertainties in wind‐turbine design has been by the use of characteristic values and safety factors. This paper focusses on modelling the effect of structural and aerodynamic uncertainties in blades. First, the uncertainties in laminate properties are characterised and propagated in a blade structural model by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. Wind tunnel measurement data are then used to define the variability in lift and drag coefficients for both clean and rough aerofoil behaviour, which is then used to extrapolate rough behaviours throughout the blade. A stochastic spatial interpolation parameter is used to define the evolution of the degradation level. The combined effect and the variance contribution of these two uncertainty sources in turbine loads is finally defined by aeroelastic turbine simulation. This research aims to provide a framework to deal with uncertainties in wind‐turbine blade design and understand their effects in turbine behaviour.
Hyperbolic string vertices
Authors: Costello Kevin , Zwiebach Barton 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The string vertices of closed string field theory are subsets of the moduli spaces of punctured Riemann surfaces that satisfy a geometric version of the Batalin-Vilkovisky master equation. We present a homological proof of existence of string vertices and their uniqueness up to canonical transformations. Using hyperbolic metrics on surfaces with geodesic boundaries we give an exact construction of string vertices as sets of surfaces with systole greater than or equal to L with L ≤ 2 arcsinh 1. Intrinsic hyperbolic collars prevent the appearance of short geodesics upon sewing. The surfaces generated by Feynman diagrams are naturally endowed with Thurston metrics: hyperbolic on the vertices and flat on the propagators. For the classical theory the length L is arbitrary and, as L → ∞ hyperbolic vertices become the minimal-area vertices of closed string theory.
On the search for multicenter AdS black holes from M-theory
Authors: Monten Ruben , Toldo Chiara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the effective potentials for various probe branes surrounding AdS4 black holes with massive halos in consistent truncations of M-theory on the Sasaki-Einstein7 manifolds Q111 and M111. These probes are either M2 branes extended in spacetime or “particle-like” probes such as internally wrapped M2 branes and, upon reduction to type IIA String theory, D6 branes corresponding to baryon operators in the dual Chern-Simons theory. We find both global and local minima of the potential outside the horizon, indicating the existence of stable and metastable multicenter AdS black holes in the extreme mass ratio regime, at fixed temperature and charges. For the planar case, we also find an instability towards nucleation of spacetime-filling M2 branes. With this analysis, we address some open questions on the holographic description of glassy phases of matter.
Codesign in resource-limited societies: theoretical perspectives, inputs, outputs and influencing factors
Authors: Jagtap Santosh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCodesign with resource-constrained people living in developing countries is crucial for sustained adoption and use of designed solutions. Several studies have investigated codesign with resource-constrained people. It is, therefore, important to understand what has been investigated and learnt so far as well as to plan for further scholarly exploration of this field. To address this, I applied a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to understand main sources, definitions, and theoretical perspectives regarding codesign with resource-constrained people. The SLR also aimed to understand inputs and outputs of codesign as well as factors influencing the codesign process. The findings portray a multifaceted picture regarding these aspects of codesign. I discuss implications of review findings for the practice of codesigning solutions with resource-constrained people, identify concerns that researchers should have about this field, and offer suggestions for future research in this field of codesign.
Romance and the ozone layer: panel evidence on green behavior in couples
Authors: Köbrich León Anja , Schobin Janosch 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe exploration of the drivers of interpersonal alignment processes in romantic partners is particularly relevant to policies that promote green behavior because social anchoring in families and relationships can undermine effective behavioral change. The present paper aims to investigate the role important life events, such as childbirth, marriage, and the acquisition of real estate, in explaining the alignment of pro-environmental behavior within couples over time. The adoption of a life-course perspective is a novelty. We draw on a representative longitudinal panel data set to investigate the significance of important life events and the distribution of economic power within a relationship for green alignment. The empirical results are double edged. They show that partners who are expecting the birth of their first child are more similar than partners who are not expecting children. After childbirth, partners become significantly more dissimilar. Furthermore, we find evidence of a reconciliation effect. Over time, partners who divorce and continue cohabiting align more than partners who do not divorce.
Towards quantitative point of care detection using SERS lateral flow immunoassays
Authors: Sloan-Dennison Sian , O’Connor Emma , Dear James W. , Graham Duncan , Faulds Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid detection of biomolecules in a point of care (POC) setting is very important for diagnostic purposes. A platform which can provide this, whilst still being low cost and simple to use, is paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA). LFIA combine immunology and chromatography to detect a target by forming an immunocomplex with a label which traps them in a test zone. Qualitative analysis can be performed using the naked eye whilst quantitative analysis takes place by measuring the optical signal provided by the label at the test zone. There are numerous detection methods available; however, many suffer from low sensitivity and lack of multiplexing capabilities or are poor at providing POC quantitative analysis. An attractive method to overcome this is to use nanoparticles coated in Raman reporters as the labelled species and to analyse test zones using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Due to the wide variety of metal nanoparticles, Raman reporter and laser excitations that are available, SERS-based LFIA have been adapted to identify and quantify multiple targets at once. Large Raman microscopes combined with long mapping times have limited the platform to the lab; however, by transferring the analysis to portable Raman instruments, rapid and quantitative measurements can be taken at the POC without any loss in sensitivity. Portable or handheld SERS-LFIA platforms can therefore be used anywhere, from modern clinics to remote and resource-poor settings. This review will present an overview of SERS-based LFIA platforms and the major recent advancements in multiplexing and portable and handheld detection with an outlook on the future of the platform.Graphical abstract
Functional outcome of contralateral C7 nerve transfer combined with free functional gracilis transplantation to repair total brachial plexus avulsion: a report of thirty-nine cases
Authors: Chen Jianping , Qin Bengang , Wang Honggang , Fang Jintao , Yang Jiantao , Gu Liqiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of total brachial plexus avulsion (TBPA) is a challenge in the clinic, especially the restoration of hand function. The current main surgical order is from proximal to distal joints. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the outcomes of “distal to proximal” surgical method.

Methods
Thirty-nine patients underwent contralateral C7 (CC7) nerve transfer to directly repair the lower trunk (CC7-LT) and phrenic nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve (PN-SSN) during the first stage, followed by free functional gracilis transplantation (FFGT) for elbow flexion and finger extension. Muscle strength of upper limb, degree of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test and static two-point discrimination of the hand were examined according to the modified British Medical Research Council (mBMRC) scoring system.

Results
The results showed that motor recovery reached a level of M3 + or greater in 66.7% of patients for shoulder abduction, 87.2% of patients for elbow flexion, 48.7% of patients for finger extension, and 25.6% of patients for finger flexion. The mean shoulder abduction angle was 45.5° (range 0–90°), and the average elbow flexion angle was 107.2° (range 0–142°), with 2.5 kg average flexion strength (range 0.5–5 kg). In addition, protective sensibility (≥ S2) was found to be achieved in 71.8% of patients.

Conclusion
In reconstruction of TBPA, CC7 transfer combined with free functional gracilis transplantation is an available treatment method. It could help patients regain shoulder joint stability and the function of elbow flexion and finger extension and, more importantly, provide finger sensation and partial finger flexion function. However, the pick-up function was unsatisfied, which needed additional surgery.
Properties of an attention-grabbing motion signal: a comparison of tail and body movements in a lizard
Authors: Peters Richard A. , Ramos Jose 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimals signals must be detected by receiver sensory systems, and overcome a variety of local ecological factors that could otherwise affect their transmission and reception. Habitat structure, competition, avoidance of unintended receivers and varying environmental conditions have all been shown to influence how animals signal. Environmental noise is also crucial, and animals modify their behavior in response to it. Animals generating movement-based visual signals have to contend with wind-blown plants that generate motion noise and can affect the detection of salient movements. The lizard Amphibolurus muricatus uses tail flicking at the start of displays to attract attention, and we hypothesized that tail movements are ideally suited to this function. We compared visual amplitudes generated by tail movements with push-ups, which are a key component of the rest of the display. We show that tail movement amplitudes are highly variable over the course of the display but consistently greater than amplitudes generated by push-ups and not constrained by viewing position. We suggest that these features, combined with the tail being a light structure that does not compromise other activities, provide an ideal introductory component for attracting attention in the ecological setting in which they are generated.
Long-term microclimate study of a peatland in Central Europe to understand microrefugia
Authors: Słowińska Sandra , Słowiński Michał , Marcisz Katarzyna , Lamentowicz Mariusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeatlands perform many important ecosystem functions at both the local and global scale, including hydrologic and climatic regulation. Although peatlands often act as climatic microrefugia, they have rarely been the subject of long-term microclimatic studies. In this study, we aimed to compare the local climatic conditions of a mid-forest mire to that of an open area and examine the differences in microclimates within the mire based on plant community diversity, shading, and water table depths. The peatland studied in this work was significantly cooler than the reference site, mainly due to a higher decline in nighttime air temperatures. However, the daily maximum air temperature near the ground was often higher. We also noticed that microclimates significantly differed within the studied peatland. Wet and shaded microsites were cooler than the sites having a lower water level and receiving higher amounts of solar radiation. The results of the study suggest that peatlands have locally cooler climates, and thus can serve as climate change refugia. These findings can help us interpret reconstructed data from the peat archive, and, when combined with experiments, identify tipping points for peatland ecosystems.
A free boundary isometric embedding problem in the unit ball
Authors: Koerber Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study a free boundary isometric embedding problem for abstract Riemannian two-manifolds with the topology of the disc. Under the assumption of positive Gauss curvature and geodesic curvature of the boundary being equal to one, we show that every such disc may be isometrically embedded into the Euclidean three-space $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

such that the image of the boundary meets the unit sphere $$\mathbb {S}^2$$

S

2

orthogonally. We also show that the embedding is unique up to rotations and reflections through planes containing the origin. Finally, we define a new Brown-York type quasi-local mass for certain free boundary surfaces and discuss its positivity.
Exploiting environmental signals to enable policy correlation in large-scale decentralized systems
Authors: Danassis Panayiotis , Erden Zeki Doruk , Faltings Boi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCan artificial agents benefit from human conventions? Human societies manage to successfully self-organize and resolve the tragedy of the commons in common-pool resources, in spite of the bleak prediction of non-cooperative game theory. On top of that, real-world problems are inherently large-scale and of low observability. One key concept that facilitates human coordination in such settings is the use of conventions. Inspired by human behavior, we investigate the learning dynamics and emergence of temporal conventions, focusing on common-pool resources. Extra emphasis was given in designing arealistic evaluation setting: (a) environment dynamics are modeled on real-world fisheries, (b) we assume decentralized learning, where agents can observe only their own history, and (c) we run large-scale simulations (up to 64 agents). Uncoupled policies and low observability make cooperation hard to achieve; as the number of agents grow, the probability of taking a correct gradient direction decreases exponentially. By introducing anarbitrary common signal(e.g., date, time, or any periodic set of numbers) as a means to couple the learning process, we show that temporal conventions can emerge and agents reachsustainableharvesting strategies. The introduction of the signal consistently improves the social welfare (by$$258\%$$258%on average, up to$$3306\%$$3306%), the range of environmental parameters where sustainability can be achieved (by$$46\%$$46%on average, up to$$300\%$$300%), and the convergence speed in low abundance settings (by$$13\%$$13%on average, up to$$53\%$$53%).
Adoption of Pedagogical Documentation in Finnish ECEC Settings
Authors: Lindh Charlotte , Mansikka Jan-Erik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to educational research, pedagogical documentation, utilised in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings in several countries around the world, can enhance participation and quality. However, the use of pedagogical documentation does not have an unequivocal meaning and the impact depends on the context and how pedagogical documentation is implemented and adopted. This study investigated how pedagogical documentation was used and adopted among professionals in Finnish ECEC in the wake of a new normative curriculum in 2016 that made pedagogical documentation mandatory. Theoretically, the study is based on educational research that has a close affinity to the Reggio Emilia approach to documentation. The empirical data (N = 135) was derived from a questionnaire that was sent out to ECEC centres in one larger municipality in Finland. Our empirical data was examined using a mix of quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Our findings arrived at four different dimensions presenting various ways of implementing and adopting pedagogical documentation. We see the results as significant both in Finland and internationally, since pedagogical documentation requires interpretation by ECEC professionals and adaptation to local and regional conditions.
A Capability Approach to worker dignity under Algorithmic Management
Authors: Lamers Laura , Meijerink Jeroen , Jansen Giedo , Boon Mieke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a conceptual framework to study and evaluate the impact of ‘Algorithmic Management’ (AM) on worker dignity. While the literature on AM addresses many concerns that relate to the dignity of workers, a shared understanding of what worker dignity means, and a framework to study it, in the context of software algorithms at work is lacking. We advance a conceptual framework based on a Capability Approach (CA) as a route to understanding worker dignity under AM. This paper contributes to the existing AM literature which currently is mainly focused on exploitation and violations of dignity and its protection. By using a CA, we expand this focus and can evaluate the possibility that AM might also enable and promote dignity. We conclude that our CA-based conceptual framework provides a valuable means to study AM and then discuss avenues for future research into the complex relationship between worker dignity and AM systems.
Exculpation and Stigma in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Bervoets Jo , Kampen Jarl K. , Hens Kristien 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There is a widespread recognition that biomedical explanations offer benefits to those diagnosed with a mental disorder. Recent research points out that such explanations may nevertheless have stigmatizing effects. In this study, this ‘mixed blessing’ [2] account of biomedical explanations is investigated in a case of philosophical interest: Tourette Syndrome.

Method
We conducted a vignette survey with 221 participants in which we first assessed quantitative attributions of blame as well as the desire for social distance for behavior associated with Tourette Syndrome.

Results
In our study, it is confirmed that in the case of biomedical explanations, less blame is attributed than in the case of psychosocial explanations. When presented with a mixed (or an epigenetic) explanation stressing an entanglement of biological and psychosocial factors this did not increase blame attribution. The desire for social distance is unaffected by the type of explanation but the participants’ free text feedback indicates this might obfuscate an underlying dilemma between stigma and blame revealed in recent research.

Conclusion
There seems to be potential for blame reduction in explanations where biological and psychosocial factors are entangled. However, dynamic, ‘epigenetic’, explanations require further qualitative research to be performed as well as a philosophical framework to account for the ‘mixed blessings’ account.
The ties that bind? Marriage formation, consanguinity and war in Lebanon and Palestine
Authors: Jarallah Yara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper explores the link between the civil war (1975–1990) in Lebanon and the first Intifada (1987–1993) in Palestine, and women’s transition to marriage and consanguinity. It marries the literature on demographic behaviour and social ties, and contributes to nascent literature on demographic behaviour in times of war extended to consanguinity. It uses a mixed methods approach using two nationally representative data sets- one from each country, complemented with in-depth interviews (n = 55). Estimation methods are a discrete-time hazard model for entry into marriage and a discrete-time competing risks model for type of marriage. Findings provide empirical support for a war-induced effect on marriage formation, with a conflict-induced educational differential, especially for higher educated women in both settings. In times of war, Lebanese, and Palestinian women and their families resort to marriage as a protective strategy, especially when further educational pursuit is no longer deemed relevant because of both actual and perceived threats to women’s safety. The strategies that women devise however, differ across both countries. Women in Lebanon strategize out-group marriages to diversify resources by establishing new alliances through marriage, while in-group marriages decline. Palestinian women on the other hand, show more heterogeneity, with some women maintaining existing familial bonds through in-group marriages, while others diversify resources through out-group marriages to facilitate new alliances. The differences in women’s strategies in each setting is also indicative of other context contingent conflict-induced mechanisms. These operate through distorted sex-ratios against women in Lebanon, and through the breakage of kin networks through migration/displacement in Palestine.