bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Is Associated With a Reduced Maternal Cardiovascular Risk: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Involving Data From 8 Studies and 1 192 700 Parous Women
Authors: Tschiderer Lena , Seekircher Lisa , Kunutsor Setor K. , Peters Sanne A. E. , O’Keeffe Linda M. , Willeit Peter 
Published: January 2022

Background
Breastfeeding has been robustly linked to reduced maternal risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and type 2 diabetes. We herein systematically reviewed the published evidence on the association of breastfeeding with maternal risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.

Methods and Results

Our systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science of articles published up to April 16, 2021, identified 8 relevant prospective studies involving 1 192 700 parous women (weighted mean age: 51.3 years at study entry, 24.6 years at first birth; weighted mean number of births: 2.3). A total of 982 566 women (82%) reported having ever breastfed (weighted mean lifetime duration of breastfeeding: 15.6 months). During a weighted median follow‐up of 10.3 years, 54 226 CVD, 26 913 coronary heart disease, 30 843 stroke, and 10 766 fatal CVD events were recorded. In a random‐effects meta‐analysis, the pooled multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios comparing parous women who ever breastfed to those who never breastfed were 0.89 for CVD (95% CI, 0.83–0.95; I
2
=79.4%), 0.86 for coronary heart disease (95% CI, 0.78–0.95; I
2
=79.7%), 0.88 for stroke (95% CI, 0.79–0.99; I
2
=79.6%), and 0.83 for fatal CVD (95% CI, 0.76–0.92; I
2
=47.7%). The quality of the evidence assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool ranged from very low to moderate, which was mainly driven by high between‐studies heterogeneity. Strengths of associations did not differ by mean age at study entry, median follow‐up duration, mean parity, level of adjustment, study quality, or geographical region. A progressive risk reduction of all CVD outcomes with lifetime durations of breastfeeding from 0 up to 12 months was found, with some uncertainty about shapes of associations for longer durations.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding was associated with reduced maternal risk of CVD outcomes.
Loss of the Protective Effect of Estrogen Contributes to Maternal Gestational Hypertension‐Induced Hypertensive Response Sensitization Elicited by Postweaning High‐Fat Diet in Female Offspring
Authors: Xue Baojian , Yu Yang , Beltz Terry G. , Guo Fang , Wei Shun‐Guang , Johnson Alan Kim 
Published: January 2022

Background
A recent study conducted in male offspring demonstrated that maternal gestational hypertension (MHT) induces hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) elicited by postweaning high‐fat diet (HFD). In this study, we investigated the sensitizing effect of MHT on postweaning HFD‐induced hypertensive response in female rat offspring and assessed the protective role of estrogen in HTRS.

Methods and Results
The results showed that MHT also induced a sensitized HFD‐elicited hypertensive response in intact female offspring. However, compared with male offspring, this MHT‐induced HTRS was sex specific in that intact female offspring exhibited an attenuated increase in blood pressure. Ovariectomy significantly enhanced the HFD‐induced increase in blood pressure and the pressor response to centrally administered angiotensin II or tumor necrosis factor‐α in offspring of normotensive dams, which was accompanied by elevated centrally driven sympathetic activity, upregulated mRNA expression of prohypertensive components, and downregulated expression of antihypertensive components in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, when compared with HFD‐fed ovariectomized offspring of normotensive dams, the MHT‐induced HTRS and pressor responses to centrally administered angiotensin II or tumor necrosis factor‐α in HFD‐fed intact offspring of MHT dams were not potentiated by ovariectomy, but the blood pressure and elicited pressor responses as well as central sympathetic tone remained higher.

Conclusions
The results indicate that in adult female offspring MHT induced HTRS elicited by HFD. Estrogen normally plays a protective role in antagonizing HFD prohypertensive effects, and MHT compromises this normal protective action of estrogen by augmenting brain reactivity and centrally driven sympathetic activity.
Embodying Meaning Visually: From Perceptual Dynamics to Motion Kinematics
Authors: Coëgnarts Maarten , Slugan Mario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper adopts an embodied cognitive perspective to review the significance of dynamic patterns in the visual expression of meaning. Drawing upon the work of Rudolf Arnheim we first show how perceptual dynamics of inanimate objects might be extended in order to structure abstract meaning in fixed images such as paintings. Second, we evaluate existing experimental work that shows how simple kinematic structures within a stationary frame might embody such high-level properties as perceptual causality and animacy. Third and last, we take inspiration from these experiments to shed light on the expressiveness of dynamic patterns that unfold once the frame itself becomes a mobile entity (i.e., camera movement). In the latter case we will also present a filmic case study, showing how filmmakers might resort to these dynamic patterns so as to embody a film’s story content, while simultaneously offering a further avenue for film scholars to deepen their engagement with the experimental method.
Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Urban Matthew J. , Shimomura Aoi , Shah Swapnil , Losenegger Tasher , Westrick Jennifer , Jagasia Ashok A. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo broadly synthesize the literature regarding rural health disparities in otolaryngology, categorize findings, and identify research gaps to stimulate future work.Study DesignScoping review.Data SourcesA comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and CINAHL.Review MethodsThe methods were developed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Peer‐reviewed, English‐language, US‐based studies examining a rural disparity in otolaryngology‐related disease incidence, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, or outcome were included. Descriptive studies, commentaries, reviews, and letters to the editor were excluded. Studies published prior to 1980 were excluded.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 1536 unique abstracts and yielded 79 studies that met final criteria for inclusion. Seventy‐five percent were published after 2010. The distribution of literature was as follows: otology (34.2%), head and neck cancer (20.3%), endocrine surgery (13.9%), rhinology and allergy (8.9%), trauma (5.1%), laryngology (3.8%), other pediatrics (2.5%), and adult sleep (1.3%). Studies on otolaryngology health care systems also accounted for 10.1%. The most common topics studied were practice patterns (41%) and epidemiology (27%), while the Southeast (47%) was the most common US region represented, and database study (42%) was the most common study design.ConclusionOverall, there was low‐quality evidence with large gaps in the literature in all subspecialties, most notably facial plastic surgery, laryngology, adult sleep, and pediatrics. Importantly, there were few studies on intervention and zero studies on resident exposure to rural populations, which will be critical to making rural otolaryngology care more equitable in the future.
Genetic barcoding systematically compares genes in del(5q) MDS and reveals a central role for CSNK1A1 in clonal expansion
Authors: Stalmann Ursula S. A. , Ticconi Fabio , Snoeren Inge A. M. , Li Ronghui , Gleitz Hélène F. E. , Cowley Glenn S. , McConkey Marie E. , Wong Aaron B. , Schmitz Stephani , Fuchs Stijn N. R. , Sood Shubhankar , Leimkühler Nils B. , Martinez-Høyer Sergio , Banjanin Bella , Root David , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Pearce Juliette E. , Schuppert Andreas , Bindels Eric M. J. , Essers Marieke A. , Heckl Dirk , Stiehl Thomas , Costa Ivan G. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Schneider Rebekka K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
How genetic haploinsufficiency contributes to the clonal dominance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains unresolved. Using a genetic barcoding strategy, we performed a systematic comparison on genes implicated in the pathogenesis of del(5q) MDS in direct competition with each other and wild-type (WT) cells with single-clone resolution. Csnk1a1 haploinsufficient HSCs expanded (oligo)clonally and outcompeted all other tested genes and combinations. Csnk1a1−/+ multipotent progenitors showed a proproliferative gene signature and HSCs showed a downregulation of inflammatory signaling/immune response. In validation experiments, Csnk1a1−/+ HSCs outperformed their WT counterparts under a chronic inflammation stimulus, also known to be caused by neighboring genes on chromosome 5. We therefore propose a crucial role for Csnk1a1 haploinsufficiency in the selective advantage of 5q-HSCs, implemented by creation of a unique competitive advantage through increased HSC self-renewal and proliferation capacity, as well as increased fitness under inflammatory stress.
Classifying microscopic images as acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Resnet ensemble model and Taguchi method
Authors: Chen Yao-Mei , Chou Fu-I , Ho Wen-Hsien , Tsai Jinn-Tsong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Researchers have attempted to apply deep learning methods of artificial intelligence for rapidly and accurately detecting acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in microscopic images.

Results
A Resnet101-9 ensemble model was developed for classifying ALL in microscopic images. The proposed Resnet101-9 ensemble model combined the use of the nine trained Resnet-101 models with a majority voting strategy. Each trained Resnet-101 model integrated the well-known pre-trained Resnet-101 model and its algorithm hyperparameters by using transfer learning method to classify ALL in microscopic images. The best combination of algorithm hyperparameters for the pre-trained Resnet-101 model was determined by Taguchi experimental method. The microscopic images used for training of the pre-trained Resnet-101 model and for performance tests of the trained Resnet-101 model were obtained from the C-NMC dataset. In experimental tests of performance, the Resnet101-9 ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 85.11% and an F1-score of 88.94 in classifying ALL in microscopic images. The accuracy of the Resnet101-9 ensemble model was superior to that of the nine trained Resnet-101 individual models. All other performance measures (i.e., precision, recall, and specificity) for the Resnet101-9 ensemble model exceeded those for the nine trained Resnet-101 individual models.

Conclusion
Compared to the nine trained Resnet-101 individual models, the Resnet101-9 ensemble model had superior accuracy in classifying ALL in microscopic images obtained from the C-NMC dataset.
A scaffold-level genome assembly of a minute pirate bug, Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and a comparative analysis of insecticide resistance-related gene families with hemipteran crop pests
Authors: Bailey Emma , Field Linda , Rawlings Christopher , King Rob , Mohareb Fady , Pak Keywan-Hassani , Hughes David , Williamson Martin , Ganko Eric , Buer Benjamin , Nauen Ralf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrius laevigatus, a minute pirate bug, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, spider mites and thrips in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. No genomic information is currently available forO. laevigatus, as is the case for the majority of beneficial predators which feed on crop pests. In contrast, genomic information for crop pests is far more readily available. The lack of publicly available genomes for beneficial predators to date has limited our ability to perform comparative analyses of genes encoding potential insecticide resistance mechanisms between crop pests and their predators. These mechanisms include several gene/protein families including cytochrome P450s (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs).Methods and findingsIn this study, a high-quality scaffold level de novo genome assembly forO. laevigatushas been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 125,649 bp and a total genome size of 150.98 Mb. The genome assembly achieved a level of completeness of 93.6% using a set of 1658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. Genome annotation identified 15,102 protein-coding genes - 87% of which were assigned a putative function.Comparative analyses revealed gene expansions of sigma class GSTs and CYP3 P450s. Conversely the UGT gene family showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily level betweenO. laevigatusand some of its targeted crop pests. A target site mutation in ryanodine receptors (I4790M, PxRyR) which has strong links to diamide resistance in crop pests and had previously only been identified in lepidopteran species was found to also be present in hemipteran species, includingO. laevigatus.Conclusion and significanceThis assembly is the first published genome for the Anthocoridae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into target-site selectivity issues and potential resistance mechanisms in beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of gene families often linked to insecticide resistance may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted pesticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by sustainably, environmentally-friendly and effectively control pests without impacting beneficial predator populations.
A modified decision tree approach to improve the prediction and mutation discovery for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Deelder Wouter , Napier Gary , Campino Susana , Palla Luigi , Phelan Jody , Clark Taane G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicating the effective treatment and control of tuberculosis disease (TB). With the adoption of whole genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, machine learning approaches are being employed to predict M. tuberculosis resistance and identify underlying genetic mutations. However, machine learning approaches can overfit and fail to identify causal mutations if they are applied out of the box and not adapted to the disease-specific context. We introduce a machine learning approach that is customized to the TB setting, which extracts a library of genomic variants re-occurring across individual studies to improve genotypic profiling.

Results
We developed a customized decision tree approach, called Treesist-TB, that performs TB drug resistance prediction by extracting and evaluating genomic variants across multiple studies. The application of Treesist-TB to rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol (EMB) drugs, for which resistance mutations are known, demonstrated a level of predictive accuracy similar to the widely used TB-Profiler tool (Treesist-TB vs. TB-Profiler tool: RIF 97.5% vs. 97.6%; INH 96.8% vs. 96.5%; EMB 96.8% vs. 95.8%). Application of Treesist-TB to less understood second-line drugs of interest, ethionamide (ETH), cycloserine (CYS) and para-aminosalisylic acid (PAS), led to the identification of new variants (52, 6 and 11, respectively), with a high number absent from the TB-Profiler library (45, 4, and 6, respectively). Thereby, Treesist-TB had improved predictive sensitivity (Treesist-TB vs. TB-Profiler tool: PAS 64.3% vs. 38.8%; CYS 45.3% vs. 30.7%; ETH 72.1% vs. 71.1%).

Conclusion
Our work reinforces the utility of machine learning for drug resistance prediction, while highlighting the need to customize approaches to the disease-specific context. Through applying a modified decision learning approach (Treesist-TB) across a range of anti-TB drugs, we identified plausible resistance-encoding genomic variants with high predictive ability, whilst potentially overcoming the overfitting challenges that can affect standard machine learning applications.
Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into plants responses under phosphate starvation in association with chilling stress
Authors: Gao Xiaoning , Dong Jinsong , Rasouli Fatemeh , Pouya Ali Kiani , Tahir Ayesha T. , Kang Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Chilling temperature reduces the rate of photosynthesis in plants, which is more pronounced in association with phosphate (Pi) starvation. Previous studies showed that Pi resupply improves recovery of the rate of photosynthesis in plants much better under combination of dual stresses than in non-chilled samples. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.

Results

In this study, RNA-seq analysis showed the expression level of 41 photosynthetic genes in plant roots increased under phosphate starvation associated with 4 °C (-P 4 °C) compared to -P 23 °C. Moreover, iron uptake increased significantly in the stem cell niche (SCN) of wild type (WT) roots in -P 4 °C. In contrast, lower iron concentrations were found in SCN of aluminum activated malate transporter 1 (almt1) and its transcription factor, sensitive to protein rhizotoxicity 1 (stop1) mutants under -P 4 °C. The Fe content examined by ICP-MS analysis in -P 4 °C treated almt1 was 98.5 ng/µg, which was only 17% of that of seedlings grown under -P 23 °C. Average plastid number in almt1 root cells under -P 4 °C was less than -P 23 °C. Furthermore, stop1 and almt1 single mutants both exhibited increased primary root elongation than WT under combined stresses. In addition, dark treatment blocked the root elongation phenotype of stop1 and almt1.

Conclusions
Induction of photosynthetic gene expression and increased iron accumulation in roots is required for plant adjustment to chilling in association with phosphate starvation.
What constitutes ‘good’ home care for people with dementia? An investigation of the views of home care service recipients and providers
Authors: Goh Anita M. Y. , Polacsek Meg , Malta Sue , Doyle Colleen , Hallam Brendan , Gahan Luke , Low Lee Fay , Cooper Claudia , Livingston Gill , Panayiotou Anita , Loi Samantha M. , Omori Maho , Savvas Steven , Burton Jason , Ames David , Scherer Samuel C. , Chau Nadia , Roberts Stefanie , Winbolt Margaret , Batchelor Frances , Dow Briony 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Our objective was to explore what people receiving and providing care consider to be ‘good’ in-home care for people living with dementia.

Methods
We conducted 36 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with key stakeholders in Australia in the first quarter of 2018. Participants included those receiving care (4 people living with dementia, 15 family carers) or providing care (9 case managers, 5 service managers, 10 home care workers). Qualitative thematic analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach.

Results
Consensus was reached across all groups on five themes considered as important for good in-home dementia care: 1) Home care workers’ understanding of dementia and its impact; 2) Home care workers’ demonstrating person-centred care and empathy in their care relationship with their client; 3) Good relationships and communication between care worker, person with dementia and family carers; 4) Home care workers’ knowing positive practical strategies for changed behaviours; 5) Effective workplace policies and workforce culture. The results contributed to the co-design of a dementia specific training program for home care workers.

Conclusions
It is crucial to consider the views and opinions of each stakeholder group involved in providing/receiving dementia care from home care workers, to inform workforce training, education program design and service design. Results can be used to inform and empower home care providers, policy, and related decision makers to guide the delivery of improved home care services.

Trial registration
ACTRN 12619000251123.
Utility of fetal facial markers on a second trimester genetic sonogram in screening for Down syndrome in a high-risk Thai population
Authors: Pranpanus Savitree , Keatkongkaew Kanokkarn , Suksai Manaphat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
To establish the reference ranges and evaluate the efficacy of the fetal facial sonomarkers prenasal thickness (PT), nasal bone length (NBL), PT/NBL ratio and NBL/PT ratio for Down syndrome screening in the second trimester of high-risk pregnancies using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound.

Methods
A prospective study was done in Thai pregnant women at high risk for structural and chromosomal abnormalities between May 2018 and May 2019. The main exclusion criteria were any fetal anatomical anomaly detected on ultrasonography or postpartum examination, abnormal chromosome or syndrome other than Down syndrome. Ultrasounds were performed in 375 pregnant women at 14 to 22 weeks’ gestation and the fetal facial parameters were analyzed. Down syndrome results were confirmed by karyotyping. The reference ranges of these facial ultrasound markers were constructed based on the data of our population. The Down syndrome screening performance using these facial ultrasound markers was evaluated.

Results
In total, 340 euploid fetuses and 11 fetuses with Down syndrome met the inclusion criteria. The PT, NBL, and PT/NBL ratios in the euploid fetuses gradually increased with gestation progression while the NBL/PT ratio gradually decreased between 14–22 weeks’ gestation. The NBL, PT/NBL ratio, and NBL/PT ratio all had 100% sensitivity and PT had 91% sensitivity. These facial markers had 100% negative predictive value for Down syndrome screening in the second trimester. The Bland–Altman analysis showed the intra- and inter-observer variations of PT and NBL had high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in both operators, with ICCs of 0.98 and 0.99 and inter-observer ICCs of 0.99 for both operators.

Conclusion
The facial ultrasound markers are very useful for second trimester Down syndrome screening in our population. These facial ultrasound markers were easily identifiable and highly consistent either intra- or inter-operator by using widely-available 2D ultrasound. However, the reference ranges for these markers need to be constructed based on individual populations.

Trial registration
Registration number: REC 61–029-12–3. Date of registration: 18 May 2018.