bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Organic Matter From Soils at the Terrestrial‐Aquatic Interface in Wetland‐Dominated Landscapes
Authors: Wardinski Katherine M. , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Jones C. Nathan , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Strahm Brian D. , Scott Durelle T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrologic controls on carbon processing and export are a critical feature of wetland ecosystems. Hydrologic response to climate variability has important implications for carbon‐climate feedbacks, aquatic metabolism, and water quality. Little is known about how hydrologic processes along the terrestrial‐aquatic interface in low‐relief, depressional wetland catchments influence carbon dynamics, particularly regarding soil‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) transport and transformation. To understand the role of different soil horizons as potential sources of DOM to wetland systems, we measured water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) concentration and composition in soils collected from upland to wetland transects at four Delmarva Bay wetlands in the eastern United States. Spectral metrics indicated that WSOM in shallow organic horizons had increased aromaticity, higher molecular weight, and plant‐like signatures. In contrast, WSOM from deeper, mineral horizons had lower aromaticity, lower molecular weights, and microbial‐like signatures. Organic soil horizons had the highest concentrations of WSOM, and WSOM decreased with increasing soil depth. WSOM concentrations also decreased from the upland to the wetland, suggesting that continuous soil saturation reduces WSOM concentrations. Despite wetland soils having lower WSOM, these horizons are thicker and continuously hydrologically connected to wetland surface and groundwater, leading to wetland soils representing the largest potential source of soil‐derived DOM to the Delmarva Bay wetland system. Knowledge of which soil horizons are most biogeochemically significant for DOM transport in wetland ecosystems will become increasingly important as climate change is expected to alter hydrologic regimes of wetland soils and their resulting carbon contributions from the landscape.
Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Tian Penghao , Yu Bingkun , Ye Hailun , Xue Xianghui , Wu Jianfei , Chen Tingdi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ionospheric sporadic E layer, the ionospheric irregularities of enhanced electron density, appears in the Earth's ionosphere at altitudes between 90 and 120 km, which supports the real‐world radio communication needs of many sectors reliant on ionosphere‐dependent decision‐making. The prediction of the occurrence of sporadic E layers has been extremely difficult due to the highly complex behavior. Conventional numerical methods are limited because of the inability to extract high‐level information from data. Deep learning is a powerful tool for mining latent features from data, which can theoretically avoid assumptions constraining physical methods. Inspired by feature extraction, we applied deep learning to explore latent relationships between mapping observable lower atmospheric data and ionospheric data from limited observations. The proposed model was trained with high‐resolution ERA5 data during 1 January 2007–30 August 2018 as input and corresponding ionospheric sporadic E data collected from COSMIC RO measurements as output. The results show that the model can learn complex relevance as bridges connecting the input and the desired output and obtain excellent performance and generalization capability by applying multiple evaluation criteria. Additionally, we established several model architecture training methods to explore the performance of the model with different input data. The statistic results show that model inference performance is proportional to the abundance of input information and is impacted by intraseasonal variability. The inference capability of the model achieves the best performance in the June–August (JJA) and December–February (DJF) seasons, which is the exact period of sporadic E layer significant occurrence, although different models are evaluated.
Fast frequency relocking for synchronization enhanced resonant accelerometer
Authors: Xu Liu , Qi Yonghong , Jiang Zhuangde , Wei Xueyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSynchronization, as a unique phenomenon, has been extensively studied in biology, chaotic systems, nonlinear dynamics, quantum information, and other fields. Benefiting from the characteristics of frequency amplification, noise suppression, and stability improvement, synchronization has been gradually applied in sensing, communication, time keeping, and other applications. In the sensing field, synchronization provides a new strategy to improve the performance of sensors. However, the performance improvement is only effective within the synchronization range, and the narrow synchronization range has become a great challenge for the wide application of synchronization-enhanced sensing mechanism. Here, we propose a frequency automatic tracking system (FATS) to widen the synchronization range and track the periodic acceleration signals by adjusting the frequency of the readout oscillator in real time. In addition, a high-precision frequency measurement system and fast response control system based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) are built, and the tracking performance of the FATS for static and dynamic external signals is analyzed to obtain the optimal control parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed automatic tracking system is capable of static acceleration measurement, the synchronization range can be expanded to 975 Hz, and the relocking time is shortened to 93.4 ms at best. By selecting the optimal PID parameters, we achieve a faster relocking time to meet the requirements of low-frequency vibration measurements, such as seismic detection and tidal monitoring.
Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics
Authors: Chen Huihua , Chen Chen , Spanos Michail , Li Guoping , Lu Rong , Bei Yihua , Xiao Junjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle as well as an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models as well as observational and interventional cohort studies with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and health. First, this review summarizes the beneficial impact of exercise on multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. We then discuss in detail the signaling pathways mediating exercise’s benefits for cardiovascular health. The exercise-regulated signaling cascades have been shown to confer myocardial protection and drive systemic adaptations. The signaling molecules that are necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy have the potential to attenuate myocardial injury and reverse cardiac remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs and their associated signaling pathways are also discussed in detail for their roles and mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address the exercise-mediated signaling pathways and molecules that can serve as potential therapeutic targets ranging from pharmacological approaches to gene therapies in CVD. We also discuss multiple factors that influence exercise’s effect and highlight the importance and need for further investigations regarding the exercise-regulated molecules as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVD as well as the cross talk between the heart and other tissues or organs during exercise. We conclude that a deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in exercise’s benefits for cardiovascular health will undoubtedly contribute to the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CVD.
Microstructural imaging and transcriptomics of the basal forebrain in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Park Min Tae M. , Jeon Peter , French Leon , Dempster Kara , Chakravarty M. Mallar , MacKinley Michael , Richard Julie , Khan Ali R. , Théberge Jean , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCholinergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. The basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic nuclei, defined as cholinergic cell groups Ch1-3 and Ch4 (Nucleus Basalis of Meynert; NBM), provide extensive cholinergic projections to the rest of the brain. Here, we examined microstructural neuroimaging measures of the cholinergic nuclei in patients with untreated psychosis (~31 weeks of psychosis, <2 defined daily dose of antipsychotics) and used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transcriptomic data to support our findings. We used a cytoarchitectonic atlas of the BF to map the nuclei and obtained measures of myelin (quantitative T1, or qT1 as myelin surrogate) and microstructure (axial diffusion; AxD). In a clinical sample (n = 85; 29 healthy controls, 56 first-episode psychosis), we found significant correlations between qT1 of Ch1-3, left NBM and MRS-based dorsal anterior cingulate choline in healthy controls while this relationship was disrupted in FEP (p > 0.05). Case-control differences in qT1 and AxD were observed in the Ch1-3, with increased qT1 (reflecting reduced myelin content) and AxD (reflecting reduced axonal integrity). We found clinical correlates between left NBM qT1 with manic symptom severity, and AxD with negative symptom burden in FEP. Intracortical and subcortical myelin maps were derived and correlated with BF myelin. BF-cortical and BF-subcortical myelin correlations demonstrate known projection patterns from the BF. Using data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, cholinergic nuclei showed significant enrichment for schizophrenia and depression-related genes. Cell-type specific enrichment indicated enrichment for cholinergic neuron markers as expected. Further relating the neuroimaging correlations to transcriptomics demonstrated links with cholinergic receptor genes and cell type markers of oligodendrocytes and cholinergic neurons, providing biological validity to the measures. These results provide genetic, neuroimaging, and clinical evidence for cholinergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Standardised survival probabilities: a useful and informative tool for reporting regression models for survival data
Authors: Syriopoulou Elisavet , Wästerlid Tove , Lambert Paul C. , Andersson Therese M.-L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen interested in studying the effect of a treatment (or other exposure) on a time-to-event outcome, the most popular approach is to estimate survival probabilities using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. In the presence of confounding, regression models are fitted, and results are often summarised as hazard ratios. However, despite their broad use, hazard ratios are frequently misinterpreted as relative risks instead of relative rates.MethodsWe discuss measures for summarising the analysis from a regression model that overcome some of the limitations associated with hazard ratios. Such measures are the standardised survival probabilities for treated and untreated: survival probabilities if everyone in the population received treatment and if everyone did not. The difference between treatment arms can be calculated to provide a measure for the treatment effect.ResultsUsing publicly available data on breast cancer, we demonstrated the usefulness of standardised survival probabilities for comparing the experience between treated and untreated after adjusting for confounding. We also showed that additional important research questions can be addressed by standardising among subgroups of the total population.DiscussionStandardised survival probabilities are a useful way to report the treatment effect while adjusting for confounding and have an informative interpretation in terms of risk.
Mammography radiomics features at diagnosis and progression-free survival among patients with breast cancer
Authors: Luo Chuanxu , Zhao Shuang , Peng Cheng , Wang Chengshi , Hu Kejia , Zhong Xiaorong , Luo Ting , Huang Juan , Lu Donghao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The associations between mammographic radiomics and breast cancer clinical endpoints are unclear. We aimed to identify mammographic radiomics features associated with breast cancer prognosis.

Methods
Nested from a large breast cancer cohort in our institution, we conducted an extreme case-control study consisting of 207 cases with any invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) endpoint <5 years and 207 molecular subtype-matched controls with >5-year iDFS. A total of 632 radiomics features in craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views were extracted from pre-treatment mammography. Logistic regression was used to identify iDFS-associated features with multiple testing corrections (Benjamini–Hochberg method). In a subsample with RNA-seq data (n = 96), gene set enrichment analysis was employed to identify pathways associated with lead features.

Results
We identified 15 iDFS-associated features from CC-view yet none from MLO-view. S(1,−1)SumAverg and WavEnLL_s-6 were the lead ones and associated with favourable (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.87, P = 0.01) and poor iDFS (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.31–1.76, P = 0.01), respectively. Both features were associated with eight pathways (primarily involving cell cycle regulation) in tumour but not adjacent normal tissues.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest mammographic radiomics features are associated with breast cancer iDFS, potentially through pathways involving cell cycle regulation.
A compact cold-atom interferometer with a high data-rate grating magneto-optical trap and a photonic-integrated-circuit-compatible laser system
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Ding Roger , Christensen Justin , Rosenthal Randy R. , Ison Aaron , Gillund Daniel P. , Bossert David , Fuerschbach Kyle H. , Kindel William , Finnegan Patrick S. , Wendt Joel R. , Gehl Michael , Kodigala Ashok , McGuinness Hayden , Walker Charles A. , Kemme Shanalyn A. , Lentine Anthony , Biedermann Grant , Schwindt Peter D. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe extreme miniaturization of a cold-atom interferometer accelerometer requires the development of novel technologies and architectures for the interferometer subsystems. Here, we describe several component technologies and a laser system architecture to enable a path to such miniaturization. We developed a custom, compact titanium vacuum package containing a microfabricated grating chip for a tetrahedral grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) using a single cooling beam. In addition, we designed a multi-channel photonic-integrated-circuit-compatible laser system implemented with a single seed laser and single sideband modulators in a time-multiplexed manner, reducing the number of optical channels connected to the sensor head. In a compact sensor head containing the vacuum package, sub-Doppler cooling in the GMOT produces 15 μK temperatures, and the GMOT can operate at a 20 Hz data rate. We validated the atomic coherence with Ramsey interferometry using microwave spectroscopy, then demonstrated a light-pulse atom interferometer in a gravimeter configuration for a 10 Hz measurement data rate and T = 0–4.5 ms interrogation time, resulting in Δg/g = 2.0 × 10−6. This work represents a significant step towards deployable cold-atom inertial sensors under large amplitude motional dynamics.
Decoding the olfactory map through targeted transcriptomics links murine olfactory receptors to glomeruli
Authors: Zhu Kevin W. , Burton Shawn D. , Nagai Maira H. , Silverman Justin D. , de March Claire A. , Wachowiak Matt , Matsunami Hiroaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSensory processing in olfactory systems is organized across olfactory bulb glomeruli, wherein axons of peripheral sensory neurons expressing the same olfactory receptor co-terminate to transmit receptor-specific activity to central neurons. Understanding how receptors map to glomeruli is therefore critical to understanding olfaction. High-throughput spatial transcriptomics is a rapidly advancing field, but low-abundance olfactory receptor expression within glomeruli has previously precluded high-throughput mapping of receptors to glomeruli in the mouse. Here we combined sequential sectioning along the anteroposterior, dorsoventral, and mediolateral axes with target capture enrichment sequencing to overcome low-abundance target expression. This strategy allowed us to spatially map 86% of olfactory receptors across the olfactory bulb and uncover a relationship between OR sequence and glomerular position.
A functional vulnerability framework for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Auber Arnaud , Waldock Conor , Maire Anthony , Goberville Eric , Albouy Camille , Algar Adam C. , McLean Matthew , Brind’Amour Anik , Green Alison L. , Tupper Mark , Vigliola Laurent , Kaschner Kristin , Kesner-Reyes Kathleen , Beger Maria , Tjiputra Jerry , Toussaint Aurèle , Violle Cyrille , Mouquet Nicolas , Thuiller Wilfried , Mouillot David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSetting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is a challenging goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective management of all ecosystems. Safeguarding the most threatened ecosystems requires accurate and integrative quantification of their vulnerability and their functioning, particularly the potential loss of species trait diversity which imperils their functioning. However, the magnitude of threats and associated biological responses both have high uncertainties. Additionally, a major difficulty is the recurrent lack of reference conditions for a fair and operational measurement of vulnerability. Here, we present a functional vulnerability framework that incorporates uncertainty and reference conditions into a generalizable tool. Through in silico simulations of disturbances, our framework allows us to quantify the vulnerability of communities to a wide range of threats. We demonstrate the relevance and operationality of our framework, and its global, scalable and quantitative comparability, through three case studies on marine fishes and mammals. We show that functional vulnerability has marked geographic and temporal patterns. We underline contrasting contributions of species richness and functional redundancy to the level of vulnerability among case studies, indicating that our integrative assessment can also identify the drivers of vulnerability in a world where uncertainty is omnipresent.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces mucosal antibody responses in previously infected individuals
Authors: Sano Kaori , Bhavsar Disha , Singh Gagandeep , Floda Daniel , Srivastava Komal , Gleason Charles ,   PARIS Study Group, Amoako Angela A. , Andre Dalles , Beach Katherine F. , Bermúdez-González Maria C. , Cai Gianna , Cognigni Christian , Kawabata Hisaaki , Kleiner Giulio , Lyttle Neko , Mendez Wanni , Mulder Lubbertus C. F. , Oostenink Annika , Raskin Ariel , Rooker Aria , Russo Kayla T. , Salimbangon Ashley Beathrese T. , Saksena Miti , Sominsky Levy A. , Tcheou Johnstone , Wajnberg Ania , Carreño Juan Manuel , Simon Viviana , Krammer Florian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmune responses at the respiratory mucosal interface are critical to prevent respiratory infections but it is unclear to what extent antigen specific mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies are induced by mRNA vaccination in humans. Here we analyze paired serum and saliva samples from patients with and without prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at multiple time points pre and post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination. Our results suggest mucosal SIgA responses induced by mRNA vaccination are impacted by pre-existing immunity. Indeed, vaccination induced a minimal mucosal SIgA response in individuals without pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 while SIgA induction after vaccination was more efficient in patients with a history of COVID-19.
Microspheres from light—a sustainable materials platform
Authors: Delafresnaye Laura , Feist Florian , Hooker Jordan P. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDriven by the demand for highly specialized polymeric materials via milder, safer, and sustainable processes, we herein introduce a powerful, purely light driven platform for microsphere synthesis – including facile synthesis by sunlight. Our light-induced step-growth precipitation polymerization produces monodisperse particles (0.4–2.4 μm) at ambient temperature without any initiator, surfactant, additive or heating, constituting an unconventional approach compared to the classically thermally driven synthesis of particles. The microspheres are formed via the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of a photoactive monomer (2-methylisophthaldialdehyde, MIA) and a suitable electron deficient dienophile (bismaleimide). The particles are stable in the dry state as well as in solution and their surface can be further functionalized to produce fluorescent particles or alter their hydrophilicity. The simplicity and versatility of our approach introduces a fresh opportunity for particle synthesis, opening access to a yet unknown material class.
Climate and land management accelerate the Brazilian water cycle
Authors: Chagas Vinícius B. P. , Chaffe Pedro L. B. , Blöschl Günter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreasing floods and droughts are raising concerns of an accelerating water cycle, however, the relative contributions to streamflow changes from climate and land management have not been assessed at the continental scale. We analyze streamflow data in major South American tropical river basins and show that water use and deforestation have amplified climate change effects on streamflow extremes over the past four decades. Drying (fewer floods and more droughts) is aligned with decreasing rainfall and increasing water use in agricultural zones and occurs in 42% of the study area. Acceleration (both more severe floods and droughts) is related to more extreme rainfall and deforestation and occurs in 29% of the study area, including southern Amazonia. The regionally accelerating water cycle may have adverse global impacts on carbon sequestration and food security.
WAVY GROWTH Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligases affect apical PIN sorting decisions
Authors: Konstantinova Nataliia , Hoermayer Lukas , Glanc Matouš , Keshkeih Rabab , Tan Shutang , Di Donato Martin , Retzer Katarzyna , Moulinier-Anzola Jeanette , Schwihla Max , Korbei Barbara , Geisler Markus , Friml Jiří , Luschnig Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDirectionality in the intercellular transport of the plant hormone auxin is determined by polar plasma membrane localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins. However, apart from PIN phosphorylation at conserved motifs, no further determinants explicitly controlling polar PIN sorting decisions have been identified. Here we present Arabidopsis WAVY GROWTH 3 (WAV3) and closely related RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, whose loss-of-function mutants show a striking apical-to-basal polarity switch in PIN2 localization in root meristem cells. WAV3 E3 ligases function as essential determinants for PIN polarity, acting independently from PINOID/WAG-dependent PIN phosphorylation. They antagonize ectopic deposition of de novo synthesized PIN proteins already immediately following completion of cell division, presumably via preventing PIN sorting into basal, ARF GEF-mediated trafficking. Our findings reveal an involvement of E3 ligases in the selective targeting of apically localized PINs in higher plants.