bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abolition, Black Ultraradicalism, and the Generation of the General Strike
Authors: Albernaz Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis essay unearths an alternative genealogy of the general strike by tracing the concept's first articulation back to the struggle against Atlantic racial slavery. The famed originator of the general strike idea, the English radical William Benbow, turns out to have adapted the revolutionary program of his associate Robert Wedderburn, a Jamaican-born Black abolitionist and “ultraradical” communist. Wedderburn's 1817 abolitionist text on the general strike, energized by the Haitian Revolution and calling for global rebellion across both the Caribbean and Europe, reveals the theory and practice of the general strike to have always been a weapon of Black radicalism and one especially shaped by enslaved women. With this framework established through the recovery of Wedderburn's importance, the essay offers theoretical reflections on some of the key issues that the general strike inherently raises around work, temporality, the idea of the proletariat, and communism, while engaging several important thinkers of the general strike (in particular W. E. B. Du Bois, Walter Benjamin, and Saidiya Hartman). Ultimately, the essay argues for approaching the general strike in the light of its convergence with abolition.
Introducing blood flow in kidney explants by engraftment onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane is not sufficient to induce arterial smooth muscle cell development
Authors: Tarnick Julia , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Kidney explant cultures are an important tool to gain insights into developmental processes, insights that can be used to develop strategies for engineering kidneys from stem cells. However, explants are not connected to a perfused vascular system. This limits their survival and limits physiological studies, for example of blood filtration, the main function of the kidney. Previous studies have shown that grafting kidneys onto avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) can establish perfusion and enable glomerular vascularization, but the realism and maturity of the resultant vasculature has not been examined. Here, we show that vasculature of kidney explants grafted onto CAM is very different from natural kidney vasculature, showing excessive growth of endothelial cells, absence of a hierarchical arterio-venous network and no vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. The model therefore has serious limits.
Human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids model features of Leigh syndrome and reveal abnormal corticogenesis
Authors: Romero-Morales Alejandra I. , Robertson Gabriella L. , Rastogi Anuj , Rasmussen Megan L. , Temuri Hoor , McElroy Gregory Scott , Chakrabarty Ram Prosad , Hsu Lawrence , Almonacid Paula M. , Millis Bryan A. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Cartailler Jean-Philippe , Gama Vivian 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare, inherited neurometabolic disorder that presents with bilateral brain lesions caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated nuclear-encoded proteins. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three LS patient-derived fibroblast lines. Using whole-exome and mitochondrial sequencing, we identified unreported mutations in pyruvate dehydrogenase (GM0372, PDH; GM13411, MT-ATP6/PDH) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (GM01503, DLD). These LS patient-derived iPSC lines were viable and capable of differentiating into progenitor populations, but we identified several abnormalities in three-dimensional differentiation models of brain development. LS patient-derived cerebral organoids showed defects in neural epithelial bud generation, size and cortical architecture at 100 days. The double mutant MT-ATP6/PDH line produced organoid neural precursor cells with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, characterized by fragmentation and disorganization, and showed an increased generation of astrocytes. These studies aim to provide a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available patient-derived cell lines that can be used to study Leigh syndrome.
Proximal humerus fractures: anatomy, diagnosis and management
Authors: Rudran Branavan , Little Christopher , Duff Alexander , Poon Henry , Tang Quen 
Published: July 2022

Proximal humeral fractures are common with a bimodal distribution and sex discrepancy, affecting younger men and older women. The presentation of a proximal humeral fracture can vary greatly because of this bimodal distribution and the associated differences in mechanism of injury. Initial management should involve assessment of life- and limb-threatening injuries as outlined by the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma, with particular attention paid to axillary nerve function and vascular status. Initial imaging should involve orthogonal X-rays in three planes to determine fracture characteristics and exclude glenohumeral dislocation. Computed tomography imaging improves interobserver agreement and is the gold standard in determining fracture management. Management depends on fracture pattern, patient functionality and bone stock. Most patients with proximal humeral fractures achieve good functional outcomes via conservative methods (sling support and early, graded mobilisation), although there is a lack of evidence in certain populations, including younger patients. Surgery is required for open fractures and more complex fracture patterns where there is a risk of avascular necrosis of the humeral head, unacceptable impairment of functionality or neurovascular compromise. Surgical techniques can be head-sparing or involve replacement of the humeral head. There are several head-sparing techniques, each with different cost–benefit and complication profiles with no one technique superior to any other. However, improvements in plate technology may render open reduction internal fixation a more suitable technique, particularly in younger patients. Head replacement techniques (hemiarthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty) are indicated when the risk of avascular necrosis is too high or in older patients with osteoporotic bone. In these patients, reverse shoulder arthroplasty is preferred as it achieves better functional results than hemiarthroplasty. Complication rates vary depending on the fracture configuration and the course of management undertaken.
Fabrication and optical performance research of VO2/SiO2/VO2 composite spherical structure films
Authors: Liang Jiran , Li Xinzhe , Zhang Dequan , Wang Shuangli , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: July 2022

Vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) is an ideal thermochromic smart window material for its infrared optical properties accompanied by reversible semiconductor-to-metal phase transition. However, it is still faced with insufficient solar energy modulation efficiency and low luminous transmittance. In order to further improve the thermochromic performance of

V
O

2

thin film, we proposed a

V
O

2

/

S
i
O

2

/

V
O

2

composite spherical structure film composed of a

V
O

2

/

S
i
O

2

microsphere antireflection structure and

V
O

2

single-layer film structure. This composite spherical structure film can form a Fabry–Perot cavity-like structure when

V
O

2

changes to a metal state at high temperature, which can enhance the absorption of near-infrared light. The solar energy modulation efficiency and visible light transmittance were improved simultaneously compared to a single-layer film microsphere structure with the same

V
O

2

thickness. The solar energy modulation efficiency was improved from 3.11% to 7.65% by increasing the difference in transmittance between the semiconductor phase and the metal phase, and the luminous transmittance was enhanced from 51.53% to 57.23% at the optimized top thickness of 25 nm and bottom thickness of 54 nm. This optical study of composite structure film will lay a foundation for the application of

V
O

2

film in thermochromic smart windows.
Mid-infrared resonant light emission from GeSn resonant-cavity surface-emitting LEDs with a lateral p-i-n structure
Authors: Chang Chen-Yang , Yeh Po-Lun , Jheng Yue-Tong , Hsu Lung-Yi , Lee Kuo-Chih , Li Hui , Cheng H. H. , Chang Guo-En 
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate room-temperature, mid-infrared resonant electroluminescence from GeSn resonant-cavity LEDs with a lateral p-i-n configuration on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. A vertical cavity to enhance light emission in the GeSn active layer is formed by the low-index buried oxide and deposited

SiO

2

layer. A planar lateral p-i-n diode structure favorable for CMOS-compatible, dense integration was designed and fabricated for current injection. Under continuous-wave electrical injection, room-temperature resonant electroluminescence was successfully observed at

∼
1980

nm

with a spectral emission factor of 2.2. These results could pave the way toward efficient electrically injected GeSn light emitters operating at room temperature.
First comprehensive analysis of Aedes aegypti bionomics during an arbovirus outbreak in west Africa: Dengue in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2016–2017
Authors: Badolo Athanase , Sombié Aboubacar , Yaméogo Félix , Wangrawa Dimitri W. , Sanon Aboubakar , Pignatelli Patricia M. , Sanon Antoine , Viana Mafalda , Kanuka Hirotaka , Weetman David , McCall Philip J. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Dengue’s emergence in West Africa was typified by the Burkina Faso outbreaks in 2016 and 2017, the nation’s largest to date. In both years, we undertook three-month surveys of Aedes populations in or near the capital city Ouagadougou, where the outbreaks were centered.

Methodology
In 1200LG (urban), Tabtenga (peri-urban) and Goundry (rural) localities, we collected indoor and outdoor resting mosquito adults, characterized larval habitats and containers producing pupae and reared immature stages to adulthood in the laboratory for identification. All mosquito adults were identified morphologically. Host species (from which bloodmeals were taken) were identified by PCR. Generalized mixed models were used to investigate relationships between adult or larval densities and multiple explanatory variables.

Results
From samples in 1,780 houses, adult Ae. aegypti were significantly more abundant in the two urban localities (Tabtenga and 1200 LG) in both years than in the rural site (Goundry), where Anopheles spp. were far more common. Results from adult collections indicated a highly exophilic and anthropophilic (>90% bloodmeals of human origin) vector population, but with a relatively high proportion of bloodfed females caught inside houses. Habitats producing most pupae were waste tires (37% of total pupae), animal troughs (44%) and large water barrels (30%).
While Stegomyia indices were not reliable indicators of adult mosquito abundance, shared influences on adult and immature stage densities included rainfall and container water level, collection month and container type/purpose. Spatial analysis showed autocorrelation of densities, with a partial overlap in adult and immature stage hotspots.

Conclusion
Results provide an evidence base for the selection of appropriate vector control methods to minimize the risk, frequency and magnitude of future outbreaks in Ouagadougou. An integrated strategy combining community-driven practices, waste disposal and insecticide-based interventions is proposed. The prospects for developing a regional approach to arbovirus control in West Africa or across Africa are discussed.
“Then they prayed, they did nothing else, they just prayed for the boy and he was well”: A qualitative investigation into the perceptions and behaviours surrounding snakebite and its management in rural communities of Kitui county, Kenya
Authors: Wood Leo , Ngari Cecilia , Parkurito Stanley , Barnes Kieran , Otundo Denis , Misiani Daniel Asiago , Kephah Geoffrey Maranga , Trelfa Anna , Olouch George O. , Harrison Robert A. , Tianyi Frank-Leonel 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Human-snake interactions are common in tropical regions where subsistence-farming and livestock-herding activities predominate alongside proliferation of snakes. Local beliefs and perceptions about snakes and snakebites influence human behaviour. Understanding these beliefs and perceptions can inform the development of resources to drive behaviour change and to minimise the risk of injury to both humans and snakes. This qualitative study, conducted between May and July 2019, sought to explore the beliefs and perceptions regarding snakes and snakebites, and methods of prevention and management among members of the community in Kitui County, Kenya.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 23 participants, recruited using a stratified purposeful sampling strategy in four selected sub-counties of Kitui county. Interview data was anonymised and coded and a thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12.

Results
People from Kitui county mostly had negative perceptions about snakes. There was a generalised awareness of the need to prevent snakebite, predominantly through keeping snakes away from homes/compounds. However, implementation was limited by financial constraints. Participants also identified logistic and financial obstacles to early hospital presentation following a snakebite, and they expressed a strong preference of having their snakebites treated in a hospital over consulting traditional healers. There was a universal recognition of the benefit of early intervention with a specific appreciation of the utility of the black stone. Furthermore, the removal of a snake’s “teeth” was an expected treatment outcome for some community members, with the failure to do so perceived as causing poor wound healing or persistence of symptoms. Some religious groups held views which differed from most participants.

Conclusion
There is a need to explore and clarify common misconceptions about snakes and first aid treatment of snakebites, encourage learning about the true nature of snakes, and highlight beneficial uses of snakes. A change in the epistemological conception of community education material by enhancing the value and use of local forms of knowledge, and the employment of art techniques to transmit this knowledge, could improve community perception and methods of snakebite prevention. Patient expectations should be appropriately managed by discussing possible outcomes, incorporating follow-up visits and addressing long-term complications of snakebites.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of group-based indoor gardening and art activities demonstrates therapeutic benefits to healthy women
Authors: Odeh Raymond , Diehl Elizabeth R. M. , Nixon Sara Jo , Tisher C. Craig , Klempner Dylan , Sonke Jill K. , Colquhoun Thomas A. , Li Qian , Espinosa Maria , Perdomo Dianela , Rosario Kaylee , Terzi Hannah , Guy Charles L. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThere is mounting anecdotal and empirical evidence that gardening and art-making afford therapeutic benefits.ObjectivesThis randomly controlled pilot study tested the hypothesis that participation in group-based indoor gardening or art-making activities for one hour twice a week for four weeks would provide quantifiably different therapeutic benefits to a population of healthy women ages 26–49.MethodsA population of 42 volunteers was randomly assigned to parallel gardening or art-making treatment groups. A total of 36 participants initiated the treatment protocol and 32 (Gardening n = 15 and Art n = 17) received the interventions and completed all assessments. Treatments included eight one-hour group-based gardening or art intervention sessions. Self-report psychometric assessments were conducted for anxiety, depression symptomatology, mood disturbance, stress, satisfaction with discretionary social activities, and quality of life measures. Cardiac physiological data were also collected. Outcomes were measured at baseline, during, and post-intervention.ResultsEngaging in both gardening and art-making activities resulted in apparent therapeutic improvements for self-reported total mood disturbance, depression symptomatology, and perceived stress with different effect sizes following eight one-hour treatment sessions. Gardening also resulted in improvements for indications of trait anxiety. Based on time-course evidence, dosage responses were observed for total mood disturbance, perceived stress, and depression symptomatology for both gardening and art-making. However, gardening or art-making did not have an apparent influence on heart rate or blood pressure or result in marked improvement for satisfaction with discretionary leisure activities.ConclusionThe data did not support the hypothesis of differential therapeutic benefits of gardening and art-making for healthy women. When taken together, group-based gardening or art-making can provide quantitatively measurable improvements in healthy women’s psychosocial health status that imply potentially important public health benefits.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03266120.
Osteopathic practice in the United Kingdom: A retrospective analysis of practice data
Authors: Plunkett Austin , Fawkes Carol , Carnes Dawn 
Published: July 2022

Background
This study describes osteopathic practise activity, scope of practice and the osteopathic patient profile in order to understand the role osteopathy plays within the United Kingdom’s (UK) health system a decade after our previous survey.

Method
We used a retrospective questionnaire survey design to ask about osteopathic practice and audit patient case notes. All UK registered osteopaths were invited to participate in the survey. The survey was conducted using a web-based system. Each participating osteopath was asked about themselves, their practice and asked to randomly select and extract data from up to 8 random new patient health records during 2018. All patient related data were anonymised.

Results
The survey response rate was 500 osteopaths (9.4% of the profession) who provided information about 395 patients and 2,215 consultations. Most osteopaths were self-employed (81.1%; 344/424 responses) working alone either exclusively or often (63.9%; 237/371) and were able to offer 48.6% of patients an appointment within 3 days (184/379). Patient ages ranged from 1 month to 96 years (mean 44.7 years, Std Dev. 21.5), of these 58.4% (227/389) were female. Infants <1 years old represented 4.8% (18/379) of patients. The majority of patients presented with musculoskeletal complaints (81.0%; 306/378). Persistent complaints (present for more than 12 weeks before appointment) were the most common (67.9%; 256/377) and 41.7% (156/374) of patients had co-existing medical conditions. The most common treatment approaches used at the first appointment were soft-tissue techniques (73.9%; 292/395), articulatory techniques (69.4%; 274/395) and high velocity low amplitude thrust (34.4%; 136/395). The mean number of treatments per patient was 7 (mode 4).

Conclusion
Osteopaths predominantly provide care of musculoskeletal conditions, typically in private practice. To better understand the role of osteopathy in UK health service delivery, the profession needs to do more research with patients in order to understand their needs and their expected outcomes of care, and for this to inform osteopathic practice and education.
Severe influenza A in a Tunisian ICU sentinel SARI centre: Epidemiological and clinical features
Authors: Jamoussi Amira , Ayed Samia , Merhabene Takoua , Doghri Hamdi , Ben Khelil Jalila , Besbes Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Influenza A virus infection is a contagious acute respiratory infection which mostly evolves in an epidemic form, less frequently as pandemic outbreaks. It can take a severe clinical form that needs to be managed in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of influenza A, then to determine independent predictive factors of ICU mortality in Abderrahmen Mami hospital, Ariana, Tunisia.

Methods
It was a single-center study, including all hospitalized patients in intensive care, between November 1st, 2009 and October 31st, 2019, with influenza A virus infection. We recorded demographic, clinical and biological data, evolving features; then multivariate analysis of the predictive factors of ICU mortality was realized.

Results
During the study period (10 consecutive seasons), 120 patients having severe Influenza A were admitted (Proportion = 2.5%) from all hospitalized patients, with a median age of 48 years and a gender-ratio of 1.14. Among women, 14 were pregnant. Only 7 patients (5.8%) have had seasonal flu vaccine during the year before ICU admission. The median values of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment were respectively 26, 10 and 3. Virus strains identified with polymerase chain reaction were H1N1 pdm09 (84.2%) and H3N2 (15.8%). Antiviral therapy was prescribed in 88 (73.3%) patients. A co-infection was recorded in 19 cases: bacterial (n = 17) and aspergillaire (n = 2). An acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was diagnosed in 82 patients. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was conducted for 72 (60%) patients with success in 34 cases. Endotracheal intubation was performed in 59 patients with median duration of invasive mechanical ventilation 8 [3.25–13] days. The most frequent complications were acute kidney injury (n = 50, 41.7%), shock (n = 48, 40%), hospital-acquired infections (n = 46, 38.8%) and thromboembolic events (n = 19, 15.8%). The overall ICU mortality rate was of 31.7% (deceased n = 38). Independent predictive factors of ICU mortality identified were: age above 56 years (OR = 7.417; IC95% [1.474–37.317]; p = 0.015), PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 95 mmHg (OR = 9.078; IC95% [1.636–50.363]; p = 0.012) and lymphocytes count ≤ 1.325 109/L (OR = 10.199; IC95% [1.550–67.101]; p = 0.016).

Conclusion
Influenza A in ICU is not uncommon, even in A(H1N1) dominant seasons; its management is highly demanding. It is responsible for considerable morbi-mortality especially in elderly patients.