bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of alternating pressure air mattresses on pressure injury prevention: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kim Soo‐Yeon , Kim Hyun‐Jung , An Ji‐Won , Lee Yoonyoung , Shin Yong‐Soon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPressure injury (PI) is a significant health problem among inpatients that affects their health, quality of life, and expenses.AimThis systematic review aimed to compare effects of alternating pressure air mattresses (APMs) with other types of supporting surfaces as a tool for PI prevention.MethodsThe literature published between 2009 and 2020 was searched using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses process was followed, including independent study selection and data extraction. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0).ResultsA total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed. The incidence of hospital‐acquired PIs at stage 1 or higher was reported in the APM group from 0.3% to 25%. In one study, APMs were found to be less effective than static air mattresses (SAMs); in contrast, two studies found no difference. In one study, the APM was reported to be more effective than the viscoelastic foam mattress (VFM). On the contrary, in a more recent study, the APM was reported to be less effective than the VFM, and there was no difference compared with high‐specification foam mattresses in another study. Using the RoB 2.0 tool, one study was evaluated at “low risk of bias,” another as “some concern,” and four as “high risk.”Linking Evidence to ActionThere is insufficient evidence to suggest that APM is more effective in preventing PIs than other supporting surfaces. Evidence to date suggests that APM can be used in patients at risk for PIs. It is important to change position regardless of the type of support surface used. Highly controlled RCTs with low risk of bias are needed to provide strong evidence for identifying the most effective PI prevention support surfaces.
Application of Functional Time Series Model in Forecasting Monthly Diurnal API Curves: A Comparison between Multi-Step Ahead and Iterative One-Step Ahead Approach
Authors: Shaadan Norshahida , Wan Mat Din Wan Najiha 
Published: March 2022

In Malaysia, Air Pollution Index (API) is used to assess the status of background air quality. The computation of API involved six major air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2 and NOx. Due to the harmful effect of air pollution, forecasting API is important. This paper introduces the application of Functional Time Series (FTS) model in forecasting monthly diurnal maximum API curves at two selected sites in Peninsular Malaysia; namely Shah Alam Selangor and Pasir Gudang Johor. Two FTS models were compared which include Multi-Step ahead and Iterative One-Step ahead approach. The results show that the Multi-Step ahead model has produced better performance giving the lowest error measures; FMSE, FRMSE and FMAPE compared to Iterative One-Step ahead. This study has shown that FTS model has the advantage because it enables the prediction of continuous API levels within a defined continuum time, which in this study was the interval time within 24 hours. Functional descriptive mean shows a bimodal pattern with a peak at 3.00 pm and the average levels are at a healthy level. Functional mean of API exhibits an increasing pattern after sunrise towards 10.00 am at both sites, which inform that, this is the time with a higher contribution of vehicles emission while the standard deviation differs in the pattern. The model is recommended as an alternative model to be used by the government and environmentalists in providing input for guiding pollution control and protecting public health at the early stage. Furthermore, as for the private sector and industries, this study might provide a predictive analytic tool for forecasting daily API curves instead of a single daily average API value.
Operational Modal Analyses of Brush Seals and Seating Load Simulations
Authors: Duran Ertuğrul Tolga 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Brush seals are one of the most effective sealing technologies in turbomachinery since they enable contact-type operation for close clearance control. Brush seal bristles must interact under turbine conditions, and the minimum pressure load to initiate proper contact between fibers is called seating load. Seating load evaluation is essential for the durability and stability assessment of bristles since unseated fibers may flutter and cause seal failure. Even with proper seating, brush seal critical modes may still be excited by flow-induced fluctuations or bucket tip excitations. In this study, a finite element-based methodology was developed to determine the seating load and identify the critical modes of brush seals. Under pressure load, brush seal nonlinear contact simulations are followed by frequency-based analysis to determine bristle and seal pack critical modes. To determine the seating load of the brush seal, the change in modal response is examined. In this paper, the modeling methodology, parameter correction procedures, geometric inspection of test seals, correlation of transient analyses with dynamic tip force measurements, operational modes of brush seals and seating load evaluation methods are detailed.
Uncertainty in Collapse Strength Prediction of Sandwich Pipelines
Authors: Bhardwaj U. , Teixeira A. P. , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses the uncertainty in the collapse strength of sandwich pipelines (SPs) under external pressure predicted by various strength models in three categories based on interlayer adhesion conditions. First, the validity of the strength models is verified by comparing their predictions with sandwich pipeline collapse test data and the corresponding model uncertainty factors are derived. Then, a parametric analysis of deterministic collapse strength predictions by models is conducted, illustrating insights of models’ behavior for a wide range of design configurations. Furthermore, the uncertainty among different model predictions is perceived at different configurations of outer and inner pipes and core thicknesses. A case study of a realistic sandwich pipeline is developed, and probabilistic models are defined to basic design parameters. Uncertainty propagation of models’ predictions is assessed by the Monte Carlo simulation method. Finally, the strength model predictions of sandwich pipelines are compared with that of an equivalent single-walled pipe.
Preterm infant circulating sex steroid levels are not altered by transfusion with adult male plasma: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Nilsson Anders K , Hellgren Gunnel , Sjöbom Ulrika , Landin Andreas , Ryberg Henrik , Wackernagel Dirk , Ley David , Hansen Pupp Ingrid , Poutanen Matti , Ohlsson Claes , Hellstrom Ann 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine if plasma transfusions with male donor plasma to very preterm infants affect circulatory levels of sex steroids.Design and patientsRetrospective multicentre cohort study in 19 infants born at gestational age <29 weeks requiring plasma transfusion during their first week of life.SettingThree neonatal intensive care units in Sweden.Main outcome measuresConcentrations of sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in donor plasma and infant plasma measured before and after a plasma transfusion and at 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours.ResultsThe concentrations of progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione were significantly lower in donor plasma than in infant plasma before the transfusion (median (Q1–Q3) 37.0 (37.0–37.0), 1918 (1325–2408) and 424 (303–534) vs 901 (599–1774), 4119 (2801–14 645) and 842 (443–1684) pg/mL), while oestrone and oestradiol were higher in donor plasma (17.4 (10.4–20.1) and 16.0 (11.7–17.2) vs 3.1 (1.1–10.2) and 0.25 (0.25–0.25) pg/mL). Median testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were 116-fold and 21-fold higher in donor plasma than pre-transfusion levels in female infants, whereas the corresponding difference was not present in male infants. Plasma sex steroid levels were unchanged after completed transfusion compared with pre-transfusion levels, irrespective of the gender of the receiving infant. The SHBG concentration was significantly higher in donor than in recipient plasma (22.8 (17.1–33.5) vs 10.2 (9.1–12.3) nmol/L) before transfusion but did not change in the infants after the transfusion.ConclusionsA single transfusion of adult male plasma to preterm infants had no impact on circulating sex steroid levels.
Two-way ↔ quantum communication using four-qubit cluster state: Mutual exchange of quantum information
Authors: Verma Vikram , Sisodia Mitali 
Published: March 2022

In this study, we have proposed a scheme for two-way quantum communication in which the two legitimate participants mutually exchange their quantum information to each other by using a four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel. Recently, by utilizing four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel, Kazemikhah et al. [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 60, 378 (2021)] tried to design a scheme for mutual exchange of quantum information between two legitimate participants. However, in this study, it has been shown that in their scheme, the transmission of quantum information cannot be realized because the two participants are not entangled to each other due to a trivial conceptual mistake made by Kazemikhah et al. in the description of the quantum channel. Here, we have shown that two legitimate participants can teleport quantum information states to each other by using four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel, provided they co-operate with each other and perform nonlocal controlled phase gate operation. If both participants do not co-operate with each other, then no one can reconstruct the information sent to them, and therefore, the exchange of information is possible only when both participants are honest to each other.
COMPARISON OF UTILITY SCORES OF HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR DYSPLASTIC OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Hino Akihiro , Kaku Nobuhiro , Tagomori Hiroaki , Ikeda Shinichi , Tsumura Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the utility score of dysplastic osteoarthritis of the hip (OA) after different surgical treatments. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the utility scores of 204 patients using the Short Form-6 Dimension. Results: Utility scores of all surgery types were significantly higher than those preoperatively in OA ([Formula: see text]). The utility scores of the unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) were significantly higher than those of the revision THA. Conclusions: Although THA and osteotomy are effective surgical procedures, lifetime treatment plans should be considered to avoid revision surgery as far as possible.
Convolution Approach for Value at Risk Estimation
Authors: Siu Yam Wing 
Published: March 2022

Formally, Value at risk (VaR) measures the worst expected loss over a given horizon under normal market conditions at a given confidence level. Very often, daily data are used to compute VaR and scale up to the required time horizon with the square root of time adjustment. This gives rise to an important question when we perform VaR estimation: whether the values of VaR (i.e., “loss”) should be interpreted as (1) exactly on [Formula: see text]th day and (2) within i days. This research attempted to answer the above question using actual data of SPX and HSI. It was found that, in determining the proportionality of the values, (i.e., slopes) of VaR versus the holding period, the slopes for within i days are generally greater than those for exactly on [Formula: see text]th day. This has great implications to risk managers as it would be inappropriate to simply scale up the one-day volatility by multiplying the square root of time (or the number of days) ahead to determine the risk over a longer horizon of [Formula: see text] days. The evolution of log return distribution over time using actual data has also been performed empirically. It provides a better understanding than a series of VaR values. However, the number of samples in actual data is limited. There may not be enough data to draw reliable observation after it has been evolved a few times. Numerical simulation can help solve the problem by generating, say, one million log returns. It has been used to provide many insights as to how the distribution evolves over time and reveals an interesting dynamic of minimum cumulative returns. Numerical simulation is time consuming for performing evolution of distribution. The convolution approach provides an efficient way to analyze the evolution of the whole data distribution that encompasses VaR and others. The convolution approach with modified/scaled input distribution has been developed and it matches the results of numerical simulation perfectly for independent data for both exactly on [Formula: see text]th day and within i days. As the autocorrelation of the single index is mostly close to zero, results show that the convolution approach is able to match empirical results to a large extent.
Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Department of Veteran Affairs’ Use and Outcomes
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Elgudin Yakov , Shroyer A. Laurie W. , Altarabsheh Salah , Sharma Vikas , Rubelowsky Joseph , Cornwell Lorraine , Davierwala Piroze , Chu Danny , Cmolik Brian 
Published: March 2022

Background
Coronary artery bypass can be performed off pump (OPCAB) without cardiopulmonary bypass. However, trends over time for OPCAB versus on‐pump (ONCAB) use and long‐term outcome has not been reported, nor has their long‐term outcome been compared.

Methods and Results

We queried the national Veterans Affairs database (2005–2019) to identify isolated coronary artery bypass procedures. Procedures were classified as OPCAB on ONCAB using the as‐treated basis. Trend analyses were performed to evaluate longitudinal changes in the preference for OPCAB. The median follow‐up period was 6.6 (3.5–10) years. An inverse probability weighted Cox model was used to compare all‐cause mortality between OPCAB and ONCAB. From 47 685 patients, 6759 (age 64±8 years) received OPCAB (14%). OPCAB usage declined from 16% (2005–2009) to 8% (2015–2019). Patients with triple vessel disease who received OPCAB received a lower mean number of grafts (2.8±0.8 versus 3.2±0.8;
P
<0.01).

The ONCAB 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year survival rates were 82.9% (82.5–83.3), 60.4% (59.8–61.1), and 37.2% (36.1–38.4); correspondingly, OPCAB rates were 80.7% (79.7–81.7), 57.4% (56–58.7), and 34.1% (31.7–36.6) (
P
<0.01). OPCAB was associated with increased risk‐adjusted all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.15 [1.13–1.18];
P
<0.01) and myocardial infarction (incident rate ratio, 1.16 [1.05–1.28];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
Over 15 years, OPCAB use declined considerably in Veterans Affairs medical centers. In Veterans Affairs hospitals, late all‐cause mortality and myocardial infarction rates were higher in the OPCAB cohort.
Now is the Winter of Our Dull Content: Seasonality and the Atlantic Communications Frontier in Eighteenth-Century New England
Authors: Taylor Jordan E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Winter was a challenging time for newspaper printers in early New England. When temperatures dropped, ships stopped arriving from abroad and foreign intelligence dried up. Examining this link between climate and print culture helps to reveal the material origins of early America's literary culture and its public sphere.
Little Brother to Dartmouth Thetford Academy, Colonialism, and Dispossession in New England
Authors: Crandall Maurice S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inspired by Robert Lee and Tristan Ahtone's “Land-Grab Universities” (High Country News, March 2020), this essay examines how a small Vermont secondary school, Thetford Academy, is deeply connected to colonialism and Indigenous land dispossession, inviting readers to examine how their own local schools and institutions are similarly implicated.
Diademed sifakas (Propithecus diadema) in intact and degraded forest habitat at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar, show high reproductive success and no evidence that dental senescence or rainfall affects reproductive output
Authors: Heffernan Katie S. , Samonds Karen E. , Godfrey Laurie R. , Raharison Jean-Luc , Ranaivoarisoa Jean Freddy , Irwin Mitchell T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sifakas (genus Propithecus) diverge from other lemurs in their strategy to contend with Madagascar’s highly seasonal climate and maximize reproductive success: they have long lifetimes (presumably to wait out unfavorable times) and extreme dental precocity (to allow weanlings to effectively process tough foods and thereby relieve energetic stress on mothers). However, as sifakas age, dental senescence can contribute to reproductive failure, especially when coupled with unfavorable weather conditions (as shown by King et al., 2005 for P. edwardsi at Ranomafana). To extend the effective life of the teeth, compensatory blades maintain functionality for the female sifaka, but wear may eventually have consequences on infant survival in certain climatic scenarios. We investigate the impacts of climate, age, and dental senescence on the reproduction of another sifaka, Propithecus diadema, in fragmented and intact habitats of Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. We documented birth and infant survival between 2002 and 2017 across twelve groups, including 73 births, and we used 77 dental casts representing 54 adults to estimate age when exact age was not known. We report that sifakas in Tsinjoarivo do not conform to the expectations that link advanced age with dental and reproductive senescence. Propithecus diadema at Tsinjoarivo show slower tooth wear, higher reproductive output and higher infant survival compared to congeners. Likelihood of birth and infant mortality do not correlate with intrinsic (mother’s age, tooth wear) or extrinsic (rainfall or habitat type) stressors. However, the small number of years without births or with infant deaths limits statistical power. At the local level, this study suggests that the long-term viability of Propithecus diadema at Tsinjoarivo is promising and reproductive output is high, even in disturbed fragments where nutrient intakes are reduced. Further research is needed to contextualize and understand these differences among sites and regions within Madagascar and avoid over-generalizing from single study sites.
Free Movement of Medicines and Protection of Public Health
Authors: Forni Federico 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the Pharma Expressz judgment (case C-178/20) the Court of Justice clarified which conditions a Member State can impose to the import of a medicinal product not having a marketing authorisation in the national territory. The Court pointed out that a medicine not authorised in a Member State can entry in that Member State only in accordance with Article 5(1) of Directive 2001/83/EC on medicinal products for human use. Moreover, according to the Court a national measure requiring a medical prescription and a declaration from the competent national health authority is justified to protect public health although the product can be dispensed in another Member State without a medical prescription. After an overview on the development of pharmaceutical law in the EU, the contribution analyses this judgment in which the Court balanced the Treaty rules on the free movement of goods with the need to protect human health.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Libo , Wang Yetong , Hu Ke , Ma Bin , Chi Junting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe performed a meta‐analysis and estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their related factors among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CBM databases.Review MethodsA systematic search was performed for relevant studies published before August 17, 2021. A random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Subgroup analysis was performed by continent or region, study setting, sex, sample size, diagnosis, and assessment method.ResultsTwenty‐two articles covering 40,956 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled crude prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety were 25.2% (95% CI, 20.9%‐29.6%) and 28.9% (95% CI, 16.1%‐41.6%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed the following: (1) continent or region, study setting, sex, sample size, depression assessment method, and CRS diagnosis were significantly correlated with the prevalence of depression, and (2) continent or region, study setting, sample size, anxiety assessment method, and CRS diagnosis were significantly correlated with the prevalence of anxiety. Meta‐regression analysis revealed that study setting and sample size were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of depression. In contrast, CRS diagnosis and anxiety assessment method were positively associated with the pooled prevalence of anxiety.ConclusionDepression and anxiety are common in patients with CRS, especially among clinics. Therefore, in patients with CRS, screening and early diagnosis of depression and anxiety are necessary for prevention and treatment.
Understanding the Sidewall Passivation Effects in AlGaInP/GaInP Micro-LED
Authors: Park Juhyuk , Baek Woojin , Geum Dae-Myeong , Kim Sanghyeon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe passivation effects of sulfur treatment and Al2O3 passivation for AlGaInP/GaInP red micro-light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) were investigated in terms of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the current density showing the peak EQE (JEQE, peak). We systematically compared the electrical and optical characteristics of the micro-LEDs with and without passivation according to various sizes. Interestingly, our investigation indicated that simple electrical characteristics such as current density–voltage property are difficult to precisely reflect the minor change in electrical properties due to passivation when the device has the inherently low leakage current. Whereas the EQE was enhanced by 20% and JEQE, peak was largely shifted to a lower current density region at the LED with a size of 15 × 15 μm2. To examine the passivation effects, we carefully analyzed the EQE and JEQE, peak with the ABC recombination model, and established the methodology to investigate the influence of a sidewall in micro-LEDs. As a result, we extracted the surface recombination velocity regarding the surface passivation, showing a nearly 14% reduction with the passivation.