bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jihad Sebagai Politik Luar Negeri dalam Al-Ahkam Al-Sulthaniyyah Karya Al-Mawardi
Authors: Fanani Ahwan 
Published: October 2022

Jihad dalam kajian kontemporer sering dikaitkan dengan tindakan kekerasan bersenjata oleh individu atau kelompok yang ditujukan terhadap pemerintah atau komunitas. Namun, konsepsi jihad menurut perkembangannya menunjukkan dinamika pemaknaan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat muslim. Al-Mawardi, yang diakui sebagai ahli hukum dan teorisi politik Islam yang memberikan penjelasan konseptual dan prosedur jihad dalam konteks kenegaraan. Berbeda dengan pemaknaan jihad sebagai perang arbitrer atau upaya pembelaan agama secara luas, konsep al-Mawardi meletakkan jihad sebagai politik luar negeri. Tulisan ini difokuskan untuk mengkaji konsepsi al-Mawardi mengenai jihad tersebut dalam al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah dan mengungkap bagaimana konsepsi tersebut dilihat dalam kacamata politik negara. Melalui penelitian kualitatif atas kitab al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah, dapat dapat disimpulkan bahwa jihad menurut al-Mawardi adalah kebijakan politik luar negeri negara Islam. Jihad bukan operasi keamanan dalam negeri, melainkan upaya untuk memperluas wilayah atau melakukan perjanjian dengan negara lain yang masuk kategori dar al-harb (n negara yang tidak memiliki perjanjian). Jihad dilaksanakan atas perintah dan persetujuan kepala negara dan dijalankan dengan mengikuti aturan peperangan, dalam menyikapi dampaknya. Dengan pengertian ini, kata jihad sebagai aksi bersenjata tidak bisa dijalankan oleh aktor individu atau kelompok di luar negara.
Politik Hukum: Relasi Antara Politik, Hukum dan Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Irfani Kholid 
Published: October 2022

Timbulnya Perdebatan paradigmatik antara politik, hukum, dan agama di suatu negara merupakan perdebatan klasik yang selalu aktual, menarik dan memerlukan solusi konkret. Indonesia mampu menjembatani perdebatan teoritis dan menjamin tata kelola negara serta mampu menjembatani relasi antara politik, hukum dan Agama melalui Pancasila yang dijadikan dasar negara. Pancasila mempunyai peran penting dalam hubungan simbiotik antara ketiga unsur itu dan diharapkan mampu mewujudkan cita-cita luhur yaitu terwujudnya keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.
papel da comunicação para a inovação
Authors: De Souza Moraes Silvana , Pelógia Martins Damian Ieda 
Published: October 2022

Este estudo objetiva investigar a relação entre comunicação e inovação no contexto organizacional, buscando na literatura destas áreas explicitar a importância da comunicação para que as empresas possam desenvolver um comportamento inovador tão necessário para a sua permanência em um mercado extremamente competitivo. Para tanto, os conceitos de comunicação e inovação voltados para o ambiente empresarial foram utilizados e um esquema de interação da comunicação para a inovação foi desenvolvido e apresentado, destacando elementos importantes na formulação da informação pela organização, como cultura e estratégia, assim como aspectos referentes a apropriação e registro desta informação pelo usuário, como o clima organizacional, competência em informação e competência em comunicação. Outros aspectos relativos ao processo comunicacional são destacados como os fluxos informacionais, a mediação e as inferências. O trabalho contribui para a área da Ciência da Informação e para os gestores organizacionais na medida em que a apresentação do esquema de integração propicia o conhecimento de como os aspectos elencados se associam e se relacionam para propiciar a inovação e, assim, possibilitar um melhor gerenciamento dos fatores envolvidos na formulação, apropriação e registro das informações e geração do conhecimento para o desenvolvimento de um ambiente inovador.
Sistemas de apoio à decisão
Authors: Castor Emiliano Carlos Serpa , Fernandes Adriana Lopes , Laia Marconi Martins de , Menezes Lucas Moura Bret de , Amorim Matheus Corrêa 
Published: October 2022

A função do Sistema de Apoio à Decisão (SAD) é compilar informações de todos os setores e apresentar uma forma organizada, resumida e direta das informações corporativas, com o intuito de auxiliar, agilizar e maximizar a tomada de decisão dos gestores e colaboradores. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as evoluções dos SADs ocorridas no período de dez anos na empresa ELETROBRAS. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, sendo os dados coletados em documentos fornecidos pela empresa, no sítio eletrônico oficial e por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a ELETROBRAS passou por uma grande transformação ao iniciar um processo de unificação de todos os seus SADs por meio da implementação de um ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), que passou a ser o maior insumo das informações corporativas ao sistema de apoio à decisão. Essa evolução foi necessária e fundamental para a integração das informações das empresas que fazem parte do grupo ELETROBRAS, melhorar o processo de tomada de decisão e para obter maior confiabilidade dos acionistas. Foi possível ainda verificar que, apesar dos aspectos negativos apontados pelos entrevistados, os benefícios da concretização dessa implantação se sobrepuseram aos desafios.
Lower urinary tract symptoms following discontinuation of long-term non-medical use of testosterone preparations
Authors: Ibishev Kh. S. , Sharbabchiev V. A. , Paleny A. I. , Uzhakhov M.-Kh. M. , Mezhidova A. D. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The aging process in men is accompanied by a progressive decrease in the level of serum testosterone (Tc). In addition to chronological aging, various factors contribute to the decline in testosterone levels. One of such factors contributing to the decrease in endogenous Tc and the development of secondary hypogonadism is the long-term use of testosterone preparations (TPs) used for non-medical purposes.Objective. To assess the nature of lower urinary tract symptoms following discontinuation of long-term non-medical use of testosterone preparations.Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis of examination results in 31 men aged 22 – 46 years who received TPs for non-medical purposes while visiting gyms and subsequently turned to urologist with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was carried out. The study used the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, laboratory and instrumental examinations: general urine examination, general blood examination, prostate secretion microscopy, evaluation of serum total Tc, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin, estradiol, prostate ultrasound and bladder ultrasound, uroflowmetryResults. When assessing LUTS, the prevalence of irritative symptoms was noted. The level of serum total Tc in 13 (41.9%) men was in the range of 8 – 11 nmol/l, in 18 (58.1%) men it was below 8 nmol/l. In addition, most patients (77.4%) had areas of reduced blood flow in the prostate, and 67.7% had prostate fibrosis.Conclusion. Discontinuation of the use of long-term non-medical TPs can lead to the development of secondary hypogonadism and LUTS, which in most cases are irritative. In the treatment of these patients, an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program should be developed.
Malignant skin neoplasms in patients after kidney transplantation
Authors: Perlin D. V. , Alexandrov I. V. , Perlina A. D. , Shmanev A. O. , Dymkov I. N. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction.The widespread use of modern immunosuppressive therapy schemes has increased the duration of transplanted organ function. However, along with an increase in life expectancy, there is an elevation in malignant neoplasms in patients with a transplanted organ.Objective.To present own clinical experience in the treatment of patients with malignant skin neoplasms after kidney transplantation.Materials and methods.Four patients with malignant skin neoplasms were observed in our clinic from 2010 to 2017. Three of them developed Kaposi's sarcoma between 6 months and 6 years after kidney transplantation, and one was diagnosed with squamous-cell skin cancer 10 years after the operation.Results.After histological verification of Kaposi's sarcoma, excision of neoplasms was performed in two cases, followed by a decrease in the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs. In one case, a complete conversion of immunosuppressive therapy was performed. Stabilization of the oncological process was noted during therapy. However, subsequent deterioration in the function of the transplanted organ was recorded up to a complete loss of function in all patients, which led to the removal of the kidney. A patient with squamous-cell skin cancer underwent surgical treatment with a course of close-focus radiotherapy, but further progression led to a lethal outcome.Conclusion.Kidney transplant recipients receive lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and represent a high-risk group for developing skin malignancies and an increased risk of cancer mortality. Withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs, i.e. calcineurin inhibitors, is still the main condition for the complete cure of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma but is accompanied by an extremely high probability of loss of function of the transplanted organ.
The role of genetic factors in the development of recurrent urolithiasis
Authors: Savilov A. V. , Jain M. , Anokhin D. M. , Kotsepuga M. E. , Tivtikyan A. S. , Samokhodskaya L. M. , Okhobotov D. A. , Afanasyevskaya E. V. , Mamedov V. N. , Shurygina A. S. , Shershnev S. P. , Kamalov A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Urolithiasis is a polyethylological disease of the urinary system. Epidemiological data on urolithiasis is disappointing: over the past 30 years, the number of patients with urolithiasis has increased by 48.57%, and the mortality rate has increased by 17.12%. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes can influence the risk of development and recurrence of this disease. Early diagnosis of a patient's genetic predisposition to primary or recurrent urolithiasis is important for the effective prevention of urolithiasis.Objective. To explore the association of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) rs3134057 (TNFRS11B), rs851982 (ESR1), rs1540339 (VDR), rs2202127 (CASR), rs526906 (KL) with the development of recurrent urolithiasis.Materials and methods. The observed group consisted of 96 patients with a single-sided ureteral stone, of whom 45 had recurrent urolithiasis; the control group consisted of 51 volunteers. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants, DNA was extracted from the blood and analyzed for each SNP studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We analyze the data obtained on genotype and presence or absence of urolithiasis in the participants using a binomial logistic regression model.Results. An association was found between the presence of SNP rs3134057 in the TNFRS11B gene (odds ratio (OR), 1.92; confidence interval (CI): 1.05-3.52; p = 0.031) and the development of recurrent urolithiasis.Conclusion. The association of rs3134057 with urolithiasis relapse leads us to investigating the effect of this SNP on serum osteoprotegerin levels, a product of the TNFRS11B gene.
Investigating COVID-19 Vaccine Communication and Misinformation on TikTok: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: van Kampen Katherine , Laski Jeremi , Herman Gabrielle , Chan Teresa M 
Published: October 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for reliable information, especially around vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern and a great threat to broader public health. The prevalence of social media within our daily lives emphasizes the importance of accurately analyzing how health information is being disseminated to the public. TikTok is of particular interest, as it is an emerging social media platform that young adults may be increasingly using to access health information.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine and describe the content within the top 100 TikToks trending with the hashtag #covidvaccine.

Methods
The top 250 most viewed TikToks with the hashtag #covidvaccine were batch downloaded on July 1, 2021, with their respective metadata. Each TikTok was subsequently viewed and encoded by 2 independent reviewers. Coding continued until 100 TikToks could be included based on language and content. Descriptive features were recorded including health care professional (HCP) status of creator, verification of HCP status, genre, and misinformation addressed. Primary inclusion criteria were any TikToks in English with discussion of a COVID-19 vaccine.

Results
Of 102 videos included, the median number of plays was 1,700,000, with median shares of 9224 and 62,200 followers. Upon analysis, 14.7% (15/102) of TikToks included HCPs, of which 80% (12/102) could be verified via social media or regulatory body search; 100% (15/15) of HCP-created TikToks supported vaccine use, and overall, 81.3% (83/102) of all TikToks (created by either a layperson or an HCP) supported vaccine use.

Conclusions
As the pandemic continues, vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to lifting restrictions, and discovering reasons for this hesitancy is important to public health measures. This study summarizes the discourse around vaccine use on TikTok. Importantly, it opens a frank discussion about the necessity to incorporate new social media platforms into medical education, so we might ensure our trainees are ready to engage with patients on novel platforms.
Implementointitutkimus sairaanhoitopiirin roolista kansallisen terveyden edistämisen ohjelman toimeenpanijana
Authors: Dalbom Linda , Tuominen Miia , Rautava Päivi 
Published: October 2022

Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö rahoitti vuosina 2017–2018 terveyden ja hyvinvoinninedistämisen ja terveyserojen kaventamisen kärkihankkeen osana VESOTE-hanketta (Vaikuttavaa elintapaohjausta sosiaali- ja terveydenhuoltoon poikkihallinnollisesti), jonka tavoitteena oli levittää joukko näyttöön perustuvia elintapaohjauksen hyviä käytäntöjä tai toimintamalleja. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on analysoida VESOTE -kärkihankkeen kautta väestötasoisen terveyden edistämisen ohjelman implementoinnin toteuttamista maakuntatasolla. Tutkimusmaakunta kattaa sairaanhoitopiirin 27 kuntaa sekä 500000 asukasta. Tavoitteena on kuvata terveyden edistämisen ohjelman käynnistyminen, haasteet ja edistäjät käytettäväksi muiden väestötason terveyden edistämisen ohjelmien implementoinnin tueksi. Laadullisen analyysin aineistona toimivat VESOTE – kärkihankkeen aikana syntyneet dokumentit: UKK-instituutin valtakunnallinen hankesuunnitelma 2016, aluehankkeen hankesuunnitelma 2017, aluehankeen rahoittajalle laatimat väliraportit 2017–2018, valtakunnallinen loppuraportti 2019 sekä aluehankkeen avainhenkilöiden kokemukset. Toteuttamisen onnistumista arvioitiin suomalaisessa käypä hoito suositustyössä käytetyn implementointitutkimuksen ja kansainvälisen EPIS -viitekehyksien avulla. Teorioiden avulla voidaan selittää mitä vaiheita implementointiprosessi pitää sisällään ja miten ja miksi implementointi onnistuu tai epäonnistuu. Tämän tiedon varassa tehtiin analyysirunko, johon etsittiin sisällöllisesti sopivia asioita aineistosta. Terveydenhuollon toimintaa kehitettäessä tarvitaan terveyshyödyn mittaamisen rinnalle selittävää tutkimusta muutoksen edellytyksistä ja esteistä. Implementointiprosessin kartoitus-, valmistelu-, toteutus- ja ylläpitovaiheet ovat tärkeitä, koska ne kaikki vaikuttavat lopputulokseen. Tulokset ja vaikutukset ovat yhteydessä keinoihin, joita implementoinnissa käytetään. Sairaanhoitopiirin rooli keskittyi toteutusvaiheeseen. Ylläpitovaiheeseen eli toiminnan juurtumiseen ja sen vaikuttamiseen systemaattisesti palvelujärjestelmätasolla ei päästy.
The Basque Language (Euskera) As an Ideological Instrument in the Historical Construction of Basque Ethnic Identity
Authors: Ullán de la Rosa Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes how studies of a language and the language itself can be used as symbolic instruments to construct or support a differential ideological identity. The analyses of these studies have allowed us to undertake a sort of “archaeology” of the process of Basque ethnogenesis. All the authors instrumentalized philological studies as a way of expressing and claiming their ethnic identity, building their arguments on the basis of previous works (the “archaeological” layer being immediately underneath) at the same time that they reformulated them in order to better suit their specific conception of Basque identity as well as their particular sociopolitical interests. As if we were looking at a stratigraphic cut of an uninterrupted human settlement, the research unravels the existence of a narrative thread that, stratum upon stratum (that is, author upon author) connects the Basque chroniclers of the 16th to 18th centuries with the romantic fuerista writers of the 19th century, as well as Sabino de Arana-Goiri, the founder of the contemporary Basque Nationalist Party.
Turning Ukrainians into a separate nation
Authors: Krpan Domagoj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUkraine's national identity was born out of historical events which impacted the regions in Ukraine differently. In western and central parts of Ukraine, the people tend to be more pro-Western, while in the eastern and southern parts of the country, the people are more pro-Russian. This difference emerged from two approaches to the Ukrainian identity. The pro-Western part of the country believes that they were a separate nation from the Russians and should break ties with Russia. The pro-Russian part believes that the Ukrainians and the Russians are the same nation or two brotherhood nations that should stand together against outside threats.This paper will analyze which key historical events were the roots of the Ukrainian national identity and where the differences between the regional approaches are laying. This difference between pro-Western and pro-Russian attitudes influenced the Ukrainian political landscape from its independence until 2014. After the Revolution of Dignity, the occupation of Crimea, and the war in Donbas, the political situation started to change towards more pro-Western policies. The invasion in 2022 could be the final nail in the coffin of the Ukrainian-Russian brotherhood, and it might erase the last difference between the two parts of Ukraine.
Microstructure of a nickel insert, a special copper alloy, and a cast joint between them
Authors: Naglič Iztok , Kresnik Žan , Resnik Andrej , Markoli Boštjan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract in English
This work deals with the characterisation of the microstructure of a nickel insert, a special copper alloy and the cast joint between them after their use as a glass manufacturing mould. The microstructure was characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
It was found that the nickel insert contained 7 at. % Si and 0.3 at. % Fe. The special copper alloy contains undesirable phases or compounds, including lead, aluminium-based oxides and borides. The borides are either iron-, iron-chromium- or chromium-based with different stoichiometries between metal components and boron. The cast joint between the nickel insert and the special copper alloy has evidence of mixing the two alloys, while only in some areas porosity and oxides prevented the formation of a suitable cast joint. Aluminium-based oxides and some borides could be the cause of the formation of cracks due to their morphology.
TANTANGAN PERKEMBANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Abdul Abdul Rachman , Mandiri Dewi Putri , Astuti Widi , Arkoyah Siti 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tantangan perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Perbankan syariah di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dengan adanya merger tiga bank syariah di Indonesia menjadi kekuatan besar yaitu Bank Syariah Indonesia namun demikian tidak sedikit pula tantangan yang dihadapi dunia perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian library research yaitu dengan menggunakan data sekunder data-data Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Bank Indonesia, Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah dan dokumen lainnya yang berkaitan dengan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merumuskan beberapa tantangan yang harus diselesaikan guna untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah dan mempertahankan akselerasinya secara berkesinambungan, yaitu pertama, adalah terdapat gap sumber daya insani baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas yang tidak terserap dengan baik dalam perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Kedua, pengembangan produk dan layanan perbankan syariah yang dinilai kurang inovatif dan kompetitif dibandingkan perbankan konvensional lainnya dan rendahnya tingkat literasi masyarakat terhadap lembaga keuangan syariah di Indonesia. Ketiga, tatanan peradilan agama untuk dapat menyelesaikan perselisihan transaksi keuangan syariah juga dinilai belum memadai. Keempat, perbedaan pemahaman mazhab dalam fiqh muamalah di beberapa negara menghadirkan perbedaan dan perselisihan dalam penyelarasan produk secara nasional dan global.
Comparative analysis of vitamin D levels in younger and older populations in rural vs. urban areas of Amravati district: An epidemiological survey
Authors: Daphale Dr. Ajay , Daphale Dr. Amit , Daphale Dr. Surita , Thakare Dr. Vaishali 
Published: October 2022

Background Deficiency of the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D, is a major public health issue which affects people all over the world. Vitamin D deficiency was common among populations in the Amravati district of India, particularly among females, young adults in rural areas and the elderly. While many studies have focused on vitamin D levels in individuals, few have compared vitamin D status in younger and older as well rural and urban populations.
Methodology The present study was conducted in the pathology department of a tertiary health care centre serving both a rural and urban population. 481 adult patients were examined from Jun 2017 to May 2019, age 20 to 78, of both sexes.
Result We found that there was a high frequency of vitamin-D deficiency/inadequacy. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml of serum 25- Hydroxyvitamin D) was 40%. There was significantly more deficiency in urban than rural areas. However, we found no significant differences by age or sex.
Conclusion Vitamin-D deficiency is very common in India. The clinically identified cases, on the other hand, are just the tip of the iceberg. Given the numerous effects that this deficiency might produce, this hidden pandemic slows the country's development. Vitamin-D deficiency must be managed with care and attention. Vitamin-D supplementation is critical for these residents who are vitamin-D deficient. Food fortification should be explored as the best long-term public health measure to improve the vitamin D status of the entire population.