bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asking Existing Data the Right Questions: Data Mining as a Research Option in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Shivarov Velizar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter was inspired by my participation in the tenth anniversary alumni meeting of the Master Online Advanced Oncology Study Program that was held online in the times of unprecedented COVID-19 pandemics in October 2020. To a large extent, the text is a personal retrospective of my research endeavors in cancer biology during the last decade. Most of the ideas that I addressed as well as the approaches used were inspired by my participation in the program. I do hope that these personal revelations will help young professional with genuine interest in cancer research having limited resources in designing and performing their own research projects.
Connecting Hazard and Impact: A Partnership between Physical and Human Science
Authors: Robbins Joanne , Ruin Isabelle , Golding Brian , Dankers Rutger , Nairn John , Millington Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe bridge from a hazard to its impact is at the heart of current efforts to improve the effectiveness of warnings by incorporating impact information into the warning process. At the same time, it presents some of the most difficult and demanding challenges in contrasting methodology and language. Here we explore the needs of the impact scientist first, remembering that the relevant impacts are those needed to be communicated to the decision maker. We identify the challenge of obtaining historical information on relevant impacts, especially where data are confidential, and then of matching suitable hazard data to them. We then consider the constraints on the hazard forecaster, who may have access to large volumes of model predictions, but cannot easily relate these to the times and locations of those being impacted, and has limited knowledge of model accuracy in hazardous situations. Bridging these two requires an open and pragmatic approach from both sides. Relationships need to be built up over time and through joint working, so that the different ways of thinking can be absorbed. This chapter includes examples of partnership working in the Australian tsunami warning system, on health impact tools for dispersion of toxic materials in the UK and on the health impacts of heatwaves in Australia. We conclude with a summary of the characteristics that contribute to effective impact models as components of warning systems, together with some pitfalls to avoid.
SHANK3 deficiency leads to myelin defects in the central and peripheral nervous system
Authors: Malara Mariagiovanna , Lutz Anne-Kathrin , Incearap Berra , Bauer Helen Friedericke , Cursano Silvia , Volbracht Katrin , Lerner Joanna Janina , Pandey Rakshita , Delling Jan Philipp , Ioannidis Valentin , Arévalo Andrea Pérez , von Bernhardi Jaime Eugenin , Schön Michael , Bockmann Jürgen , Dimou Leda , Boeckers Tobias M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMutations or deletions of the SHANK3 gene are causative for Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMDS), a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed Shank3Δ11(−/−) mice and organoids from PMDS individuals to study effects on myelin. SHANK3 was found to be expressed in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, and MRI analysis of Shank3Δ11(−/−) mice revealed a reduced volume of the corpus callosum as seen in PMDS patients. Myelin proteins including myelin basic protein showed significant temporal and regional differences with lower levels in the CNS but increased amounts in the PNS of Shank3Δ11(−/−) animals. Node, as well as paranode, lengths were increased and ultrastructural analysis revealed region-specific alterations of the myelin sheaths. In PMDS hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids we observed an altered number and delayed maturation of myelinating cells. These findings provide evidence that, in addition to a synaptic deregulation, impairment of myelin might profoundly contribute to the clinical manifestation of SHANK3 deficiency.
Matrix Valued Concomitants of $\text {SL}_{2}(\mathbb {C})$
Authors: Domokos Mátyás 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo a finite dimensional representation of a complex Lie group G, an associative algebra of adjoint covariant polynomial maps from the direct sum of m copies of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$
g
of G into an algebra of complex matrices is associated. When the tangent representation of the given representation is irreducible, the center of this algebra of concomitants can be identified with the algebra of adjoint invariant polynomial functions on m-tuples of elements of $\mathfrak {g}$
g
. For irreducible finite dimensional representations of $\text {SL}_{2}(\mathbb {C})$

SL

2

(
ℂ
)
minimal generating systems of the corresponding algebras of concomitants are determined, both as an algebra and as a module over its center.
Zytopathologie und molekulare Diagnostik von nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen (NSCLC)
Authors: Fassunke Jana , Engels Marianne , Meemboor Sonja , Buettner Reinhard 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungZytologische Proben aus endobronchialen Aspiraten und Pleuraergüssen sind häufige Materialien in der Diagnostik von nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen (NSCLC). Ebenso wie histologische Proben aus endo- und transbronchialen Biopsaten oder CT(Computertomographie)-gesteuerte Nadelbiopsien eignen sich zytologische Proben hervorragend für die molekulare und immunhistologische Biomarkerdiagnostik des NSCLC, vorausgesetzt optimale Techniken und klare diagnostische Algorithmen werden eingesetzt. Wir stellen hier typische Verarbeitungstechniken und ein Schema der Biomarkeranalytik vor und diskutieren einen optimalen Ansatz einer umfassenden NSCLC-Diagnostik. Wenn zytologische Proben in dieser Art aufgearbeitet und genutzt werden, gelingt eine Analytik gleichwertig zu histologischen Präparaten. Für eine detaillierte, weiterführende Darstellung der zytologischen und molekularen Techniken an zytologischen Präparaten verweisen wir auf unsere eigenen Übersichtsarbeiten.
Juvenile Larynxpapillomatose
Authors: Huebner M. J. , Schützenberger A. , Traxdorf M. , Dittrich S. , Iro H. , Mueller S. K. 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Trotz multipler Therapieoptionen ist heutzutage eine Heilung der juvenilen rezidivierenden respiratorischen Larynxpapillomatose (JORRP, „juvenile onset recurrent respiratory laryngeal papillomatosis“) nicht möglich. Außerdem weisen viele Medikamente nicht zu unterschätzende Nebenwirkungen auf.

Fragestellung
Darstellung aktueller und früherer Therapieoptionen der JORRP mit Diskussion von Wirkstoff, Darreichungsart und Dosierungen.

Materialien und Methoden
Literaturrecherche und -zusammenfassung. Analyse der Therapieoptionen anhand von Wirkstoff, Darreichungsart, Dosierungen und Nebenwirkungen.

Ergebnisse
Die chirurgische Therapie bleibt weiterhin Grundlage der Therapie. Multiple Therapieoptionen werden beschrieben, jedoch keine mit der Aussicht auf eine vollständige Remission. Der Funktionserhalt der Stimme sowie die Verlängerung des Zeitintervalls zwischen den Eingriffen bzw. die Verminderung der Papillommasse im Rezidivfall bleiben oberstes Gebot. Neue immunmodulatorische Therapieoptionen werden aktuell näher untersucht.

Schlussfolgerungen
Einige der mannigfaltigen Therapieoptionen scheinen zwar vielversprechend zu sein und ein sicheres Nebenwirkungsprofil aufzuweisen, jedoch reicht die aktuelle Datenlage, die überwiegend auf Fallserien basiert, nicht für eine generelle Therapieempfehlung aus. Weitere prospektive Studien mit einer größeren Patientenzahl sind nötig.
Kardiovaskuläre Folgen des Rauchens
Authors: Pamminger Mathias , Mayr Agnes 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches Problem
Rauchen beeinflusst das kardiovaskuläre System des Körpers. Primär führt es entweder zu atheromatösen Plaques mit potenzieller Gefäßstenosierung oder zu aneurysmatischen Gefäßveränderungen mit potenzieller Rupturgefahr.

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Je nach Lokalisation ermöglicht die Sonographie eine initiale Einschätzung der Veränderungen. Eine Angiographie in Kombination mit Computertomographie (CT) oder Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ermöglicht die weiterführende Beurteilung und ggf. Therapieplanung. Ohne klinische Symptomatik wird bei Rauchern ohne sonstige Risikofaktoren oder Komorbiditäten keine bildgebende Diagnostik lediglich aufgrund des Rauchens empfohlen.

Methodische Innovationen
Aktuelle Leitlinien der entsprechenden Pathologien erkennen das Rauchen einstimmig als modifizierbaren Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen an, weshalb stets eine Raucherentwöhnung als erster Schritt zur Prävention sekundärer Akutereignisse empfohlen wird. Bei Verdacht auf ein chronisches Koronarsyndrom erhöht das Rauchen die klinische Wahrscheinlichkeit, wodurch eher eine bildgebende Diagnostik indiziert werden sollte.

Leistungsfähigkeit
Obwohl das Rauchen weitreichende Folgen am gesamten kardiovaskulären System zeigt, bleibt zu klären, ob Raucher durch eine Modifikation aktueller Leitlinien zur Vorsorge und Diagnose hinsichtlich harter klinischer Endpunkte profitieren würden.

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Raucher sollten aufgrund des deutlich erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risikos zu einer Raucherentwöhnung beraten werden. Hinsichtlich konkreter Krankheitsbilder bedingt das Rauchen keine prinzipielle Modifikation der bildgebenden Abklärung, bei intermediärem Risiko kann aber tendenziell früher zur Bildgebung geraten werden.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells cross-talk with B10 cells by BAFF/BAFF-R pathway to promote immunosuppression in cervical cancer
Authors: Jianyi Ding , Haili Gan , Bo Yin , Meiqin Yang , Baoyou Huang , Haoran Hu , Fang Li , Qingliang Zheng , Lingfei Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmunosuppression induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is one of the main obstacles to the efficacy of immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Recent studies on the immunosuppressive ability of MDSCs have primarily focused on T cells, but the effect of MDSCs on B cells function is still unclear. In a study of clinical specimens, we found that the accumulation of MDSCs in patients with cervical cancer was accompanied by high expression of B cell activating factor (BAFF) on the surface and high expression of interleukin (IL)-10-producing B cells (B10) in vivo. We found that the absence of BAFF could significantly inhibit tumor growth in a cervical cancer model using BAFF KO mice. Further studies showed that abundant MDSCs in cervical cancer induced B cells to differentiate into B10 cells by regulating BAFF which acted on the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) of them. In this process, we found that a large amount of IL-10 secreted by B10 cells can activate STAT3 signaling pathway in MDSCs, and then form a positive feedback loop to promote the differentiation of B10 cells. Therefore, this study reveals a new mechanism of BAFF-mediated mutual immune regulation between MDSCs and B cells in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.
Comparison of hidden blood loss and clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Ge Meng , Zhang Yuan , Ying Hang , Feng Chenchen , Li Yanlei , Tian Jinlong , Zhao Tingxiao , Shao Haiyu , Huang Yazeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Hidden blood loss (HBL) is a growing area of interest for spinal surgeons. Simultaneously, spine surgeons’ pursuit of minimally invasive spine surgery has never ceased, as evidenced by the increasing number of articles comparing percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mis-TLIF). However, there has been no comparison of HBL between Endo-TLIF and Mis-TLIF. This study aimed to compare HBL, visible blood loss (VBL), and total blood loss (TBL) following Endo-TLIF and Mis-TLIF and evaluate the clinical significance of these procedures.

Methods
Between October 2017 and October 2019, 370 patients underwent lumbar interbody fusion at our institution and were followed up for at least 24 months. Our study included 41 Endo-TLIF and 43 Mis-TLIF cases. We recorded each patient’s age, height, weight, and haematocrit and calculated the TBL, which was used to indirectly obtain the HBL. Additionally, we compared the clinical outcomes of these two groups, including visual analogue scores for the lumbar spine and leg (VAS-Back; VAS-Leg), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, disease type, operative segment, and intervertebral fusion and complication rates.

Results
Endo-TLIF had significantly lower HBL, VBL, and TBL values than Mis-TLIF (P < 0.05 for all). Although Endo-TLIF contained significantly less HBL than Mis-TLIF, the HBL to TBL ratio was statistically greater in Endo-TLIF (91%) than in Mis-TLIF (87%). Concerning clinical outcomes, VAS-Back, VAS-Leg, ODI, JOA, and Endo-TLIF demonstrated greater improvement rates than Mis-TLIF one week post-operatively. However, at the final follow-up, VAS-Back, VAS-Leg, ODI, and JOA scores all demonstrated a trend toward sustained improvement, with no statistically significant between-procedure difference. There were no statistically significant between-procedure differences in disease type, surgical segment, and complication or fusion rates.

Conclusion
Endo-TLIF significantly reduced HBL, VBL, and TBL compared to Mis-TLIF and improved short-term clinical outcomes; however, long-term clinical outcomes and fusion rates remained comparable between the two groups, as did the incidence of peri-operative complications.
Impact of statin therapy on late target lesion revascularization after everolimus-eluting stent implantation according to pre-interventional vessel remodeling and vessel size of treated lesion
Authors: Asada Kohei , Takeda Teruki , Higo Yosuke , Sawayama Yuichi , Yagi Noriaki , Fukuyama Megumi , Yamaji Masayuki , Sakai Hiroshi , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Nakagawa Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClinical evidence demonstrating the impact of statins for preventing late target lesion revascularization (TLR) after newer-generation drug-eluting stent implantation and differences in the effect of statins on late TLR according to pre-interventional vessel remodeling and vessel size is limited. We retrospectively evaluated 1193 de novo lesions in 720 patients who underwent everolimus-eluting stent implantation using intravascular ultrasound from January 2010 to December 2012. The primary endpoint was late TLR. Lesions were divided into the statin group (n = 825) and non-statin group (n = 368). The incidence of late TLR was significantly lower in the statin than non-statin group (1.7% vs. 5.2%, respectively; p = 0.001), and within the statin group, it was significantly lower in the follow-up low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 than ≥ 100 mg/dL level subgroup (1.0% vs. 3.6%, respectively; p = 0.006). Furthermore, in positive remodeling lesions and non-small vessel size lesions, the incidence of late TLR was significantly lower in the statin than non-statin group (1.6% vs. 8.5% and 1.3% vs. 5.3%, respectively; p = 0.001 and p = 0.004). Lowering the LDL-C level using statins was more effective for preventing late TLR after everolimus-eluting stent implantation. Evaluating pre-interventional vessel remodeling patterns and vessel size might be helpful to stratify lesions at high risk of late TLR.
Dynamical processes controlling the evolution of early-summer cut-off lows in Northeast Asia
Authors: Nie Yu , Zhang Yang , Zuo Jinqing , Wang Mengling , Wu Jie , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCut-off lows are crucial extratropical circulation systems that can bring weather extremes over large areas, but the mechanism responsible for the life cycle of cut-off lows remains elusive. From a perspective of regional eddy-mean flow interaction, this study investigates the dynamical processes controlling the evolution of early-summer cut-off lows over Northeast Asia using the 6-hourly reanalysis data. Through the diagnostic of local wave activity (LWA) budget, we show that the cut-off low is initialized by a Rossby wave train originated from the subpolar North Atlantic, and then reinforced rapidly by zonal LWA flux convergence and local baroclinic eddy generation, and eventually decayed through energy dispersion by zonal wave activity advection. Furthermore, we show that the evolutions of the above dynamical processes are strongly modulated by the changes of background flow. In early summer, Northeast Asia is located at the eastern exit of the midlatitude jet to the north of the subtropical jet and exhibits a weak meridional gradient of potential vorticity, which favors frequent formation of cyclonic anomaly and energy accumulation. Prior to the onset of cut-off lows by several days, a Rossby wave train propagates along the Eurasian midlatitude jet, which initializes a cyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia. With the aid of mean flow advection of anomalous zonal momentum, the zonal winds are then decelerated at the midlatitude jet exit and accelerated at the subtropical jet center. The former obstructs the wave packet proceeding downstream and the latter favors stronger baroclinic eddy generation below the subtropical jet. The two processes together maintain and strengthen the cyclonic anomaly in Northeast Asia rapidly.
Selection of object detections using overlap map predictions
Authors: Rana Md Sohel , Nibali Aiden , He Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvances in deep neural networks have led to significant improvement of object detection accuracy. However, object detection in crowded scenarios is a challenging task for neural networks since extremely overlapped objects provide fewer visible cues for a model to learn from. Further complicating the detection of overlapping objects is the fact that most object detectors produce multiple redundant detections for single objects, which are indistinguishable from detections of separate overlapped objects. Most existing works use some variant of non-maximum suppression to prune duplicate candidate bounding boxes based on their confidence scores and the amount of overlap between predicted bounding boxes. These methods are unaware of how much overlap there actually is between the objects in the image, and are therefore inclined to merge detections for highly overlapped objects. In this paper, we propose an overlap aware box selection solution that uses a predicted overlap map to help it decide which highly overlapping bounding boxes are associated with actual overlapping objects and should not be pruned. We show our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art set-NMS bounding box selection algorithm for both the crowdHuman dataset and a sports dataset.
Information transport in communication limited swarms
Authors: Wilson James , Hauert Sabine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsers and operators of swarms will, in the future, need to monitor the operations of swarms in a distributed way, without explicitly tracking every agent, and without the need for significant infrastructure or set up. Here we present a method for swarm self-monitoring that enables the aggregate display of information about swarm location by making use of physical transport of information and local communication. This method uses movement already exhibited by many swarms to collect self-reflective information in a fully distributed manner. We find that added swarm mobility can compensate for limited communication and that our self-monitoring swarm system scales well, with performance increasing with the size of the swarm in some cases. When developing systems such as this for real-world applications, individual agent memory will need to be taken into consideration, finding an effective means to spread swarm knowledge among robots while keeping information accessible to users.
Executive function training for kindergarteners after the Great East Japan Earthquake: intervention effects
Authors: Yamamoto Noriko , Imai-Matsumura Kyoko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJapan’s Social Thinking and Academic Readiness Training (START) program Academic Readiness (AR) lesson aims to improve self-regulation, executive function, and behavior problems in kindergarten children, but the effects of the START program AR lessons in unfavorable circumstances are unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the START program AR lesson in affected areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake. A cluster randomized trial was conducted with 111 5-year-old children in two kindergartens in Miyagi Prefecture to evaluate the effectiveness of the six-week AR lesson. One kindergarten was randomly chosen to implement the AR lesson, and the other maintained standard education. In the intervention group, trained classroom teachers provided the children with a 20-min AR lesson once a week. Executive function, behavioral self-regulation, and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were measured before and after the six-week intervention. The intervention group showed improved inhibitory control and enhanced behavioral self-regulation compared with the standard practice group. In addition, teachers’ evaluations showed that children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors improved significantly. The results indicate that the START program AR lesson was effective in enabling teachers to help students improve executive function, self-regulation, and problematic behaviors. Therefore, educators and policy-makers should consider implementing the START program AR lesson in kindergartens after a disaster.
A Hopf lemma for the regional fractional Laplacian
Authors: Abatangelo Nicola , Fall Mouhamed Moustapha , Temgoua Remi Yvant 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe provide a Hopf boundary lemma for the regional fractional Laplacian $$(-\Delta )^s_{\Omega }$$

(
-
Δ
)

Ω
s

, with $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

a bounded open set. More precisely, given u a pointwise or weak super-solution of the equation $$(-\Delta )^s_{\Omega }u=c(x)u$$

(
-
Δ
)

Ω
s

u
=
c

(
x
)

u

in $$\Omega$$
Ω
, we show that the ratio $$u(x)/(\text {dist}(x,\partial \Omega ))^{2s-1}$$

u

(
x
)

/

(
dist

(
x
,
∂
Ω
)

)

2
s
-
1

is strictly positive as x approaches the boundary $$\partial \Omega$$

∂
Ω

of $$\Omega$$
Ω
. We also prove a strong maximum principle for distributional super-solutions.