bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TreeMap 2016 Dataset Generates CONUS-Wide Maps of Forest Characteristics Including Live Basal Area, Aboveground Carbon, and Number of Trees per Acre
Authors: Riley Karin L , Grenfell Isaac C , Shaw John D , Finney Mark A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The TreeMap 2016 dataset provides detailed spatial information on forest characteristics including number of live and dead trees, biomass, and carbon across the entire forested extent of the continental United States at 30 × 30m resolution, enabling analyses at finer scales where forest inventory is inadequate. We used a random forests machine learning algorithm to assign the most similar Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plot to each pixel of gridded LANDFIRE input data. The TreeMap 2016 methodology includes disturbance as a response variable, resulting in increased accuracy in mapping disturbed areas. Within-class accuracy was over 90% for forest cover, height, vegetation group, and disturbance code when compared to LANDFIRE maps. At least one pixel within the radius of validation plots matched the class of predicted values in 57.5% of cases for forest cover, 80.0% for height, 80.0% for tree species with highest basal area, and 87.4% for disturbance. A new feature of the dataset is that it includes linkages to select FIA data in an attribute table included with the TreeMap raster, allowing users to map summaries of 21 variables in a GIS. TreeMap estimates compared favorably with those from FIA at the state level for number of live and dead trees and carbon stored in live and dead trees.
Study Implications: TreeMap 2016 provides a 30 × 30 m resolution gridded map of the forests of the continental United States. Attributes of each grid cell include a suite of forest characteristics including biomass, carbon, forest type, and number of live and dead trees. Users can readily produce maps and summaries of these characteristics in a GIS. The TreeMap also includes a database containing, for each pixel, a list of trees with the species, diameter, and height of each tree. TreeMap is being used in the private sector for carbon estimation and by land managers in the National Forest system to investigate questions pertaining to fuel treatments and forest productivity as well as Forest Plan revisions.
Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research publications in pharmacy practice journals
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacy practice journals are considered the main player in promoting pharmacy practice research and the pharmacy profession globally. The current study aimed to explore and analyze literature on the COVID-19 pandemic published in pharmacy practice journals.

Methods
COVID-19 research articles were extracted from 32 pharmacy practice journals indexed in Scopus for the study period from 01 January 2020, up until 31 December 2021

Key findings
A total of 581 documents were found with an average of 4.5 authors per article and 4.8 citations per document. The retrieved documents were published in 28 pharmacy practice-related journals with the Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy and the American Journal of Health System Pharmacy journals being the leaders in this field. The major findings of the analysis indicated (1) a limited number of contributing countries with limited author-author interactions and cross country collaboration; (2) specific topics were encountered, mainly hospital pharmacy services, survey studies on knowledge, and pharmacy education; (3) several contributing countries in the Middle East, mainly Saudi Arabia; Egypt, and Jordan contributed to the retrieved documents, and (4) the highly-cited documents discussed issues related to pharmacy services and role of the community pharmacists during the pandemic.

Conclusion
Research activity on COVID-19 in pharmacy practice journals represents the commitment of researchers and professionals to transform and promote the profession of pharmacy. Research on pharmacy practice and pharmacists in low- and middle-income countries during pandemics needs to be prioritized by scholars and journal editors.
The potential existence of ‘Small Individual Formulary’ in prescribing behaviour: a qualitative semi-structured interview study
Authors: Wang Yu , Perri Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
There is a widely held but previously unsubstantiated belief that prescribers tend to consider and use a limited set of medications when making prescribing decisions. This study aimed to enhance understanding of the process of prescribing decision making in a real-world context.

Methods
Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 healthcare providers in Georgia state. The providers, most of whom are physicians of different specialties, shared their perspectives about prescribing decision making and their perceptions about using a limited set of medications in daily practice.

Key findings
Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) prescribers recognized the existence of ‘small individual formularies’ and considered it helpful in simplifying prescribing decision making; (2) healthcare providers employed an algorithm to initiate and step up drug therapy for patients; (3) formulary and patient affordability played a vital role in prescribing.

Conclusions
Physicians and other prescribers consider and use a limited set of prescription drugs based on their internal prescribing behaviour algorithm. Strategies could be developed to help stakeholders use this information to improve medication use.
Combination of Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Positron Emission Tomography to Distinguish Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer from Tuberculosis
Authors: Zheng Wenqiang , Quan Bin , Gao Guangjian , Zhang Puhong , Huang Lizhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveNon–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) holds high metabolic tumor burden and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels, and the relationship between metabolic tumor burden and cfDNA in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism of their interaction therein remain poorly characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical value of cfDNA and metabolic tumor burden by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) for NSCLC differential diagnosis from tuberculosis in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules.MethodsMetabolic tumor burden values in humans (subjects with NSCLC, subjects with tuberculosis, and healthy control subjects) and relevant mouse models were detected by preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG PET/CT) and [3H]-2-deoxy-DG uptake, respectively. The cfDNA levels were detected by quantifying serum cfDNA fragments from the ALU (115 bp) gene using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. RNA sequence was performed to determine the underlying target genes and knocked down or inhibited the target genes in vivo and in vitro to determine the mechanism therein.ResultsMetabolic tumor burden correlated with serum cfDNA levels in NSCLC subjects but not in tuberculosis subjects or healthy controls. Mouse models showed a similar phenomenon. In addition, the RNA sequence showed that glucose transporter 1 (GLU1), factor-related apoptosis ligand (FasL), caspase 8, and caspase 3 were significantly increased in NSCLC mouse tumors compared with those in tuberculosis mouse masses. Inhibiting the metabolic tumor burden by blocking or knocking down GLU1 markedly reduced the expression of FasL, the phosphorylation of caspase 8/caspase 3, and serum cfDNA levels/apoptosis percentage in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the use of a combination of cfDNA and metabolic tumor burden allowed better ability to distinguish NSCLC subjects from those with tuberculosis or healthy controls than either method used alone.ConclusionMetabolic tumor burden promotes the formation of circulating cfDNA through GLU1-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC, and the combination of cfDNA and metabolic tumor burden could be valuable for distinguishing NSCLC from tuberculosis.
Testing the key role of the stellar mass–halo mass relation in galaxy merger rates and morphologies via DECODE, a novel Discrete statistical sEmi-empiriCal mODEl
Authors: Fu Hao , Shankar Francesco , Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Dickson Max , Koutsouridou Ioanna , Rosas-Guevara Yetli , Marsden Christopher , Brocklebank Kristina , Bernardi Mariangela , Shiamtanis Nikolaos , Williams Joseph , Zanisi Lorenzo , Allevato Viola , Boco Lumen , Bonoli Silvia , Cattaneo Andrea , Dimauro Paola , Jiang Fangzhou , Lapi Andrea , Menci Nicola , Petropoulou Stefani , Villforth Carolin 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The relative roles of mergers and star formation in regulating galaxy growth are still a matter of intense debate. We here present our decode, a new Discrete statistical sEmi-empiriCal mODEl specifically designed to predict rapidly and efficiently, in a full cosmological context, galaxy assembly, and merger histories for any given input stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation. decode generates object-by-object dark matter merger trees (hence discrete) from accurate subhalo mass and infall redshift probability functions (hence statistical) for all subhaloes, including those residing within other subhaloes, with virtually no resolution limits on mass or volume. Merger trees are then converted into galaxy assembly histories via an input, redshift-dependent SMHM relation, which is highly sensitive to the significant systematics in the galaxy stellar mass function and on its evolution with cosmic time. decode can accurately reproduce the predicted mean galaxy merger rates and assembly histories of hydrodynamic simulations and semi-analytical models, when adopting in input their SMHM relations. In this work, we use decode to prove that only SMHM relations implied by stellar mass functions characterized by large abundances of massive galaxies and significant redshift evolution, at least at $M_\star \gtrsim 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, can simultaneously reproduce the local abundances of satellite galaxies, the galaxy (major merger) pairs since z ∼ 3, and the growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxies. The same models can also reproduce the local fraction of elliptical galaxies, on the assumption that these are strictly formed by major mergers, but not the full bulge-to-disc ratio distributions, which require additional processes.
Morphokinematic modelling of the point-symmetric Cat’s Eye, NGC 6543: Ring-like remnants of a precessing jet
Authors: Clairmont Ryan , Steffen Wolfgang , Koning Nico 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The planetary nebula known as the Cat’s Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) has a complex, point-symmetric morphology that cannot be fully explained by the current theory of planetary nebula formation, the interacting stellar winds model. In order to reveal the 3D structure of the Cat’s Eye Nebula, we created a detailed 3D morphokinematic model of this nebula using a [N ii] image from the Hubble Space Telescope and five different position–velocity diagrams using the SHAPE code. This modelling approach has revealed point-symmetric partial rings, which were likely formed by a precessing jet.
Rotational spectroscopy of mono-deuterated oxirane (c-C2H3DO) and its detection towards IRAS 16293−2422 B
Authors: Müller Holger S P , Jørgensen Jes K , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Lewen Frank , Schlemmer Stephan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We prepared a sample of mono-deuterated oxirane and studied its rotational spectrum in the laboratory between 490 and 1060 GHz in order to improve its spectroscopic parameters and consequently the calculated rest frequencies of its rotational transitions. The updated rest frequencies were employed to detect c-C2H3DO for the first time in the interstellar medium in the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) of the Class 0 protostellar system IRAS 16293−2422. Fits of the detected lines using the rotation diagrams yield a temperature of Trot = 103 ± 19 K, which in turn agrees well with 125 K derived for the c-C2H4O main isotopologue previously. The c-C2H3DO to c-C2H4O ratio is found to be ∼0.15 corresponding to a D-to-H ratio of ∼0.036 per H atom, which is slightly higher than the D-to-H ratio of species such as methanol, formaldehyde, and ketene but lower than those of the larger complex organic species such as ethanol, methyl formate, and glycolaldehyde. This may reflect that oxirane is formed fairly early in the evolution of the prestellar cores. The identification of doubly deuterated oxirane isotopomers in the PILS data may be possibly judged by the amount of mono-deuterated oxirane and the observed trend that multiply deuterated isotopologues have higher deuteration rates than their mono-deuterated variants.
Post-Newtonian effects on some characteristic time-scales of transiting exoplanets
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Some measurable characteristic time-scales {ttrn} of transiting exoplanets are investigated in order to check preliminarily if their cumulative shifts over the years induced by the post-Newtonian (pN) gravitoelectric (Schwarzschild) and gravitomagnetic (Lense–Thirring) components of the stellar gravitational field are, at least in principle, measurable. Both the primary (planet in front of the star) and the secondary (planet behind the star) transits are considered along with their associated characteristic time intervals: the total transit duration tD, the ingress/egress transit duration $\tau$, the full-width at half maximum primary transit duration tH, and also the time of conjunction tcj. For each of them, the net changes per orbit $\left\langle \Delta t_D\right\rangle ,\, \left\langle \Delta \tau\right\rangle ,\, \left\langle \Delta t_H\right\rangle ,\, \left\langle \Delta t_\mathrm{cj}\right\rangle$ induced by the aforementioned pN accelerations are analytically obtained; also the Newtonian effect of the star’s quadrupole mass moment $J_2^\star$ is worked out. They are calculated for a fictitious Sun-Jupiter system in an edge-on elliptical orbit, and the results are compared with the present-day experimental accuracies for the HD 286123 b exoplanet. Its pN gravitoelectric shift $\left\langle \Delta t_\mathrm{cj}^\mathrm{1pN}\right\rangle$ may become measurable, at least in principle, at a ≃8 × 10−5 level of (formal) relative accuracy after about 30 yr of continuous monitoring corresponding to about 1000 transits. Systematics like, e.g. confusing time standards, neglecting star-spots, neglecting clouds, additional planets in the system, etc. would likely deteriorate the actual accuracy. The method presented is general enough to be applied also to modified models of gravity.
Phylogeny and biogeography of extant and extinct Fusulus (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
Authors: Hausdorf Bernhard 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
A joint maximum parsimony analysis of extant and extinct species of the Fusulus group (Clausiliidae) based on shell characters, particularly characters of the complex closing apparatus of the aperture, is presented. It reveals that the supposedly extinct Pliocene genus Parafusulus cannot be separated from the extant genus Fusulus. The extant Fusulus approximans from the Southeastern Alps is the sister group of all other Fusulus species. The extinct Pliocene Fusulus neudeggensis from the vicinity of the Eastern Alps is sister to the group including the extinct Pliocene Fusulus latestriatus from Piedmont and the more widespread extant Fusulus interruptus. Accordingly, it is proposed to maintain the subgenus Fusulus (Erjaveciella) for F. approximans but to include the extinct Pliocene species previously classified in Parafusulus, together with the extant F. interruptus, in Fusulus (Fusulus). Thus, Parafusulus and Pliofusulus are synonymized with Fusulus (Fusulus). A biogeographic analysis revealed an origin of Fusulus in the Eastern Alps and a later dispersal towards the Western Alps. F. interruptus, like Cochlodina triloba, Ruthenica filograna and Arianta arbustorum, is a representative of a biogeographic element that originated in the Eastern Alps, spread westwards and then subsequently contracted in range.
Clinical features of paediatric immunoglobulin A vasculitis patients with scrotal involvement
Authors: Sunar Yayla Emine Nur , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis (IgAV), is the most common vasculitis of childhood, is a leucocytoclastic vasculitis that affects small vessels of the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints, and kidneys. Scrotal involvement is relatively rare. In this study, we aimed to reveal the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with scrotal involvement in IgAV and its relationship with other clinical features of the disease.

Methods
A total number of 301 male patients with a diagnosis of IgAV between January 2005 and 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups as with and without scrotal involvement. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the groups were compared.

Results
Scrotal involvement was detected in 16.3% (49) of male IgAV patients. Scrotal involvement was unilateral in 51% of patients. While single acute scrotal attack was present in 93.9% of patients, only three patients had recurrent acute scrotal involvement. In patients with scrotal involvement, the age at diagnosis was younger (p = .007), and disease recurrence was higher (p = .003). Glucocorticoid use was more common in patients with scrotal involvement (p &lt; .001). In multivariable analysis, a statistically significant relation between scrotal involvement and age at diagnosis (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.96, p =  .006) was detected.

Conclusions
In IgAV patients with scrotal involvement, the age at diagnosis is lower, steroid use is more common, and recurrent disease is more frequent.
Global 5′-UTR RNA structure regulates translation of a SERPINA1 mRNA
Authors: Grayeski Philip J , Weidmann Chase A , Kumar Jayashree , Lackey Lela , Mustoe Anthony M , Busan Steven , Laederach Alain , Weeks Kevin M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
SERPINA1 mRNAs encode the protease inhibitor α-1-antitrypsin and are regulated through post-transcriptional mechanisms. α-1-antitrypsin deficiency leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver cirrhosis, and specific variants in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) are associated with COPD. The NM_000295.4 transcript is well expressed and translated in lung and blood and features an extended 5′-UTR that does not contain a competing upstream open reading frame (uORF). We show that the 5′-UTR of NM_000295.4 folds into a well-defined multi-helix structural domain. We systematically destabilized mRNA structure across the NM_000295.4 5′-UTR, and measured changes in (SHAPE quantified) RNA structure and cap-dependent translation relative to a native-sequence reporter. Surprisingly, despite destabilizing local RNA structure, most mutations either had no effect on or decreased translation. Most structure-destabilizing mutations retained native, global 5′-UTR structure. However, those mutations that disrupted the helix that anchors the 5′-UTR domain yielded three groups of non-native structures. Two of these non-native structure groups refolded to create a stable helix near the translation initiation site that decreases translation. Thus, in contrast to the conventional model that RNA structure in 5′-UTRs primarily inhibits translation, complex folding of the NM_000295.4 5′-UTR creates a translation-optimized message by promoting accessibility at the translation initiation site.
Changes in the architecture and abundance of replication intermediates delineate the chronology of DNA damage tolerance pathways at UV-stalled replication forks in human cells
Authors: Benureau Yann , Pouvelle Caroline , Dupaigne Pauline , Baconnais Sonia , Moreira Tavares Eliana , Mazón Gerard , Despras Emmanuelle , Le Cam Eric , Kannouche Patricia L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
DNA lesions in S phase threaten genome stability. The DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways overcome these obstacles and allow completion of DNA synthesis by the use of specialised translesion (TLS) DNA polymerases or through recombination-related processes. However, how these mechanisms coordinate with each other and with bulk replication remains elusive. To address these issues, we monitored the variation of replication intermediate architecture in response to ultraviolet irradiation using transmission electron microscopy. We show that the TLS polymerase η, able to accurately bypass the major UV lesion and mutated in the skin cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) syndrome, acts at the replication fork to resolve uncoupling and prevent post-replicative gap accumulation. Repriming occurs as a compensatory mechanism when this on-the-fly mechanism cannot operate, and is therefore predominant in XPV cells. Interestingly, our data support a recombination-independent function of RAD51 at the replication fork to sustain repriming. Finally, we provide evidence for the post-replicative commitment of recombination in gap repair and for pioneering observations of in vivo recombination intermediates. Altogether, we propose a chronology of UV damage tolerance in human cells that highlights the key role of polη in shaping this response and ensuring the continuity of DNA synthesis.
Negative supercoils regulate meiotic crossover patterns in budding yeast
Authors: Tan Taicong , Tan Yingjin , Wang Ying , Yang Xiao , Zhai Binyuan , Zhang Shuxian , Yang Xuan , Nie Hui , Gao Jinmin , Zhou Jun , Zhang Liangran , Wang Shunxin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interference exists ubiquitously in many biological processes. Crossover interference patterns meiotic crossovers, which are required for faithful chromosome segregation and evolutionary adaption. However, what the interference signal is and how it is generated and regulated is unknown. We show that yeast top2 alleles which cannot bind or cleave DNA accumulate a higher level of negative supercoils and show weaker interference. However, top2 alleles which cannot religate the cleaved DNA or release the religated DNA accumulate less negative supercoils and show stronger interference. Moreover, the level of negative supercoils is negatively correlated with crossover interference strength. Furthermore, negative supercoils preferentially enrich at crossover-associated Zip3 regions before the formation of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks, and regions with more negative supercoils tend to have more Zip3. Additionally, the strength of crossover interference and homeostasis change coordinately in mutants. These findings suggest that the accumulation and relief of negative supercoils pattern meiotic crossovers.