bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The programming effect of parenteral obesity on the structural and mechanical properties of femora in female rats fed a varied calorie diet during puberty
Authors: Radzki Radosław P. , Bieńko Marek , Wolski Dariusz , Polak Paweł 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study was aimed to ascertain whether continuation or change in the offspring of the diet consumed by the parents modulates, in later life, the previously programmed bone metabolism. We used adult Wistar rats (16 males; 32 females), divided into groups that were fed either a standard (diet S) or a high‐energy (diet F). After 90 days of obesity induction, the rats were submitted to obtain female offspring from parents S and F. The offspring stayed with their mothers until 21 days of age (weaning day). Our previous studies have proved the programming effects of parental obesity on the skeletal system of their offspring at the age of 21 days. Weaned female offspring were divided into groups: S/S‐parents and offspring fed the S diet; S/F‐parents fed the S diet and offspring fed the F diet; F/S‐parents fed the diet F and offspring with the diet S; F/F‐parents and offspring fed the F diet (F/F). After sacrifice, isolated femurs were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and by a three‐point bending test. The bones were examined at 49 and 90 days of life. We found that nutritional programming has a significant influence on the development and metabolism of the skeletal system in females during growth and maturity. Moreover, the modification of nutrition alters the metabolism of bone tissue, and the osteotropic effects vary depending on the nature of the change, as well as the stage of development. Reducing the caloric content of the diet inhibits the mineralization and decreases the mechanical strength of the bones while increasing the caloric content of the diet has a beneficial osteotropic effect.
“Like Any Other Camp”: Experiences and lessons learned from an integrated day camp for children with heart disease
Authors: Blais Angelica , Longmuir Patricia E. , Messy Raquel , Messy Roland , Lai Lillian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeSummer camps for children living with heart disease can have a profound impact on well‐being. However, specialized camps often require extensive resources (i.e., 24‐h medical staff supervision) and may be located in far remote settings. Integrating children with heart disease into mainstream day camps may address these barriers. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of attending an integrated day camp from the perspectives of children with heart disease and their parents.Design and MethodsThis study used a qualitative descriptive design. Among 25 eligible families, 9 participated in interviews which were held 3 months to 2 years after attending an integrated camp (mean age of children at camp was 7.3 ± 2.25 years). Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim for an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsMany parents chose the integrated camp as their child's first summer camp experience, citing trust in the local division of Cardiology's approval of the camp activities as an important reason for enrolling. All participants agreed the integrated camp was a valued opportunity which should continue, although not all described positive camp experiences. Participants' descriptions of the integrated camp were organized into two main themes: 1) overall expectations of the camp and 2) important opportunities afforded by the camp experience. Partaking in a typical camp experience, connecting to local children with heart disease, adequate safety precautions and activity adaptations were specific expectations held by participants. Important opportunities included greater independence and confidence, navigating disclosure of their diagnosis to peers on their own terms, and more diverse social connections. Improving communication with parents to ensure expectations match camp objectives would have enhanced the experience.Practice ImplicationsPractitioners looking for an alternative to specialized camps for their patients with heart disease may use these results to guide the design and promotion of an integrated camp.
Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs with liver disease
Authors: O'Kell Allison L. , Gallagher Alexander E. , Cooke Kirsten L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver disease is frequently cited as a cause of gastroduodenal ulceration (GDU) in dogs but studies regarding GDU and liver disease are limited.ObjectivesTo document the presence of GDU in dogs with liver disease.AnimalsForty dogs that underwent liver biopsy, computed tomographic (CT) angiography or both at the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital to diagnose congenital or acquired liver disease.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Dogs had gastroduodenoscopy performed with photographic and video documentation in a standardized fashion. Lesions (hemorrhage, erosions, ulcers) in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were scored based on a grading scale. Presence of esophageal varices was recorded. Dogs were categorized into 4 groups according to cause of liver disease (inflammatory disease, cirrhosis, congenital, other). Presence or absence of ulcers, erosions or both as well as total endoscopic scores were compared among groups.ResultsForty dogs were enrolled with the following distribution: 13 congenital, 13 inflammatory, 3 cirrhosis, and 11 other. Four dogs had GDU (10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3%‐24%) and 6 dogs had erosions (15%; 95% CI, 6%‐30%). No difference was found in total endoscopic score (P = .21) or in the proportion of dogs with ulcers, erosions or both versus those without (P = .25) among the groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGastroduodenal ulceration was found in 10% of dogs with liver disease in this population. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger numbers of dogs with specific disease etiologies.
Intentions for a third child: The role of parental sex composition preferences
Authors: Mishra Ankita , Parasnis Jaai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the effect of parents' sex composition preferences on intentions for a third child in India. Parents' preference for sex composition are balanced or mixed gender (a son and a daughter) or gender biased, commonly for a son, and are expected to change over time. Pooled sample of 22,290 couples with two children from the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), conducted in 2005/6 and 2015/16 is used to analyze couples' sex composition preferences and its effect on third child intentions. Our results show that desire for a son dominates the preference for balanced sex composition over the ten‐year period, as couples with two daughters are 7 to 9 times more likely to intend to have a third child. This intention for third child is moderated by women's education and media exposure. Parental preference for a male child continues to be a significant driver for couples exceeding the two children norm in India. Policies promoting women's education will have spillover effects on fertility intentions but would not fully close the gap caused by preference for son. Purposeful policy efforts for changing these preferences need to work synchronously with the broader efforts to address gender inequality.
Workers' self‐selection into public sector employment: A tale of absenteeism
Authors: Ehlert Andree , García‐Morán Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated whether employees' career transitions from the private to the public sector are related to their previous absences, where absenteeism is a proxy for a preference for shirking (exerting low effort). The aim was to determine whether workers who shirk are more likely to select public sector jobs. We differentiated absenteeism by type, such as health problems or childcare obligations, versus a preference for low effort. Using 2004 to 2017 data from the German Socioeconomic Panel, which represented 50,565 person‐years, we estimated a duration model of private‐sector workers' exit into public employment, controlling for potential absenteeism drivers, and found a positive relationship between the probability of switching to public employment and absenteeism among workers who were in good health and had no children. This finding supports the conclusion that workers with a preference for low work effort tend to switch to public sector jobs. We further examined potential reverse causality and conducted various robustness checks. The policy implications and potential shortcomings of our results are discussed.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy to prevent hepatitis B virus vertical transmission—A review of maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Samadi Kochaksaraei Golasa , Shaheen Abdel A. , Seow Cynthia H. , Barkema Herman W. , Coffin Carla S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. Vertical transmission of HBV from HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive mothers to their infants is the most common cause of HBV infection worldwide. The use of passive–active immunoprophylaxis is >90% effective in reducing the risk of vertical transmission, but immunoprophylaxis failure can occur in infants born to mothers with high viraemia. Thus, it is recommended that pregnant women with HBV‐DNA level >200 000 IU/ml receive nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment [i.e. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine or telbivudine] during third trimester to prevent infant immunoprophylaxis failure. TDF is recommended as the first‐line therapy based on available data on efficacy, safety and resistance profile. However, maternal immunological reconstitution following parturition can increase immune‐mediated flares to viral antigens that is potentially exacerbated following TDF withdrawal. In this article, we review available data on the efficacy and safety of TDF administration to prevent HBV mother‐to‐child transmission. We also discuss changes in maternal viral markers [i.e. HBV‐DNA, HBV e antigen and HBsAg] and alanine aminotransferase during follow‐up post‐partum in mothers received NA to prevent HBV vertical transmission.
Risk factors for pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Han , Fan Yu‐Hua , Lin Alex T. L. , Huang William J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative persistence of storage symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is bothersome, and evidence of its cause is sparse. We sought to analyze risk factors for using antimuscarinics or beta‐3 agonists after TURP in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.MethodsBPH patients who underwent TURP and were followed up for >6 months after surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms was defined as the prescription of antimuscarinics or beta‐3 agonists within 3 months after TURP for >3 months. Preoperative and perioperative variables were evaluated for their effect on the postoperative prescription of antimuscarinics or beta‐3 agonists.ResultsOf the 376 patients, 45 (12.0%) received postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms. Patients who underwent bipolar TURP were significantly more likely to receive postoperative pharmacotherapy than those who underwent monopolar TURP (15.7% vs 6.9%; P = 0.01). Significantly more patients with intravesical prostatic protrusions >1 cm used postoperative pharmacotherapy than those with protrusions of ≤1 cm (14.4% vs 5.2% respectively; P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age >75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.04; 95% CI 1.29‐7.16; P = 0.011), intravesical prostatic protrusion >1 cm (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.32‐9.15; P = 0.012), and bipolar transurethral resection (OR 4.25; 95% CI 1.53‐11.80; P = 0.005) as significant risk factors for postoperative pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsAdvanced age, intravesical prostatic protrusion, and bipolar TURP were significantly associated with postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms after TURP in BPH patients. Therefore, patients with these risk factors might be informed about the risk of postoperative storage symptoms that may require medications after TURP.
Low dietary diversity is associated with linear growth faltering and subsequent adverse child developmental outcomes in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo (REDUCE program)
Authors: George Christine Marie , Coglianese Nicole , Bauler Sarah , Perin Jamie , Kuhl Jennifer , Williams Camille , Kang Yunhee , Thomas Elizabeth D. , François Ruthly , Ng Angela , Presence Amani S. , Jean Claude Bisimwa R. , Tofail Fahmida , Mirindi Patrick , Cirhuza Lucien B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary diversity, child growth and child developmental outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study. Developmental outcomes were assessed by communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal social, problem solving and combined developmental scores measured by the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ) at a 6‐month follow‐up visit. Height and weight were measured at baseline and a 6‐month follow‐up. Baseline minimum dietary diversity (MDD) for children 6–23 months old was defined by consumption of five or more of the following food groups: (1) breast milk; (2) grains, roots and tubers; (3) legumes and nuts; (4) dairy products; (5) flesh foods; (6) eggs; (7) vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables and (8) other fruits and vegetables. Participants were 117 children 6–23 months of age. Linear growth faltering was defined as a significant decline (p < 0.05) in length‐for‐age Z‐scores (LAZ) between baseline and follow‐up. Regression models were performed. The study was conducted in rural eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). MDD was positively associated with change in LAZ (coefficient: 0.87 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 1.40]), and a reduced odds of stunting (LAZ < −2) (odds ratio: 0.21 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.61]). MDD was also associated with a significantly higher combined EASQ‐Z‐scores (coefficient: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.003, 0.68], higher communication EASQ‐Z‐scores [0.50 {95% CI: 0.14, 0.85}], and higher personal social EASQ‐Z‐scores [0.46 {95% CI: 0.11, 0.82}]). This study provides further evidence demonstrating the need for interventions to improve dietary diversity among young children.
The population genetics of adaptation through copy number variation in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Stalder Luzia , Oggenfuss Ursula , Mohd‐Assaad Norfarhan , Croll Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobial pathogens can adapt rapidly to changing environments such as the application of pesticides or host resistance. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major source of adaptive genetic variation for recent adaptation. Here, we analyse how a major fungal pathogen of barley, Rhynchosporium commune, has adapted to the host environment and fungicide applications. We screen the genomes of 125 isolates sampled across a worldwide set of populations and identify a total of 7,879 gene duplications and 116 gene deletions. Most gene duplications result from segmental chromosomal duplications. Although CNVs are generally under negative selection, we find that genes affected by CNVs are enriched in functions related to host exploitation (i.e., effectors and cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes). We perform genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and identify a large segmental duplication of CYP51A that has contributed to the emergence of azole resistance and a duplication encompassing an effector gene affecting virulence. We show that the adaptive CNVs were probably created by recently active transposable element families. Moreover, we find that specific transposable element families are important drivers of recent gene CNV. Finally, we use a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data set to replicate the GWAS and contrast it with the CNV‐focused analysis. Together, our findings show how extensive segmental duplications create the raw material for recent adaptation in global populations of a fungal pathogen.
Economy of Tribulation: Translating Humanitarianism for an Islamic Counterpublic
Authors: Iqbal Basit Kareem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the theoretical problem of how to approach Islamic charity in a humanitarian world, without simultaneously reproducing a secularization narrative in the terms of analysis. First, I outline the economic theology of an Islamic reformist organization serving Syrian refugees in Jordan. I argue that it should be disarticulated from the interpretative frame of “neoliberal piety” to which the academic literature often refers modern Islamic charity. Second, I outline how the organization's director locates Islamic charity and international humanitarianism together within the same moral economy. I argue that his account, which relates but does not assimilate distinctive regimes of care, problematizes the acts of secular translation which generally mediate humanitarianism and religion. Taken together, these two arguments methodologically return us to the anthropological reclamation of historical difference.
Distinguishing the contributions of neuronal and mucosal serotonin in the regulation of colonic motility
Authors: Martin Alyce M. , Jones Lauren A. , Wei Lai , Spencer Nick J. , Sanders Kenton M. , Ro Seungil , Keating Damien J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpecialized enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the mucosal lining of the gut synthesize and secrete almost all serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) in the body. Significantly lower amounts of 5‐HT are made by other peripheral tissues and serotonergic neurons within the enteric nervous system (ENS). EC cells are in close proximity to 5‐HT receptors in the ENS, and the role of 5‐HT as a modulator of gut motility, particularly colonic motor complexes, has been well defined. However, the relative contribution of neuronal 5‐HT to this process under resting and stimulus‐evoked conditions is unclear.MethodsIn this study, we combined the use of the selective serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor, fluoxetine, with two models of mucosal 5‐HT depletion—surgical removal of the mucosa and our Tph1Cre/ERT2; Rosa26DTA mouse line—to determine the relative contribution of neuronal and mucosal 5‐HT to resting and distension‐evoked colonic motility.Key resultsFluoxetine significantly reduced the frequency of colonic migrating complexes (CMCs) in flat‐sheet preparations with the mucosa present and in intact control Tph1‐DTA colons in which EC cells were present. No such effect was observed in mucosa‐free preparations or in intact Tph1‐DTA preparations lacking EC cell 5‐HT.Conclusions and inferencesWe demonstrate that mucosal 5‐HT release plays an important role in distension‐evoked colonic motility, and that SERT inhibition no longer alters gut motility when EC cells are absent, thus demonstrating that ENS 5‐HT does not play a role in regulating gut motility.
KAI2 regulates seedling development by mediating light‐induced remodelling of auxin transport
Authors: Hamon‐Josse Maxime , Villaécija‐Aguilar José Antonio , Ljung Karin , Leyser Ottoline , Gutjahr Caroline , Bennett Tom 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Photomorphogenic remodelling of seedling growth is a key developmental transition in the plant life cycle. The α/β‐hydrolase signalling protein KARRIKIN‐INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), a close homologue of the strigolactone receptor DWARF14 (D14), is involved in this process, but it is unclear how the effects of KAI2 on development are mediated.

Here, using a combination of physiological, pharmacological, genetic and imaging approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana (Heynh.) we show that kai2 phenotypes arise because of a failure to downregulate auxin transport from the seedling shoot apex towards the root system, rather than a failure to respond to light per se.

We demonstrate that KAI2 controls the light‐induced remodelling of the PIN‐mediated auxin transport system in seedlings, promoting a reduction in PIN7 abundance in older tissues, and an increase of PIN1/PIN2 abundance in the root meristem. We show that removing PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 from kai2 mutants, or pharmacological inhibition of auxin transport and synthesis, is sufficient to suppress most kai2 seedling phenotypes.

We conclude that KAI2 regulates seedling morphogenesis by its effects on the auxin transport system. We propose that KAI2 is not required for the light‐mediated changes in PIN gene expression but is required for the appropriate changes in PIN protein abundance within cells.
Contemplating the spirituality of scholarship
Authors: Coghlan David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContemplation has been defined as “taking a long loving look at the real.” In the realm of the scholarship of nursing and midwifery, the pulls and counterpulls between disease and illness and between patient and person, for example, require that scholars and practitioners develop an understanding of the way their minds work and of the way they come to know. This dialogue takes a (short) loving look at the foundations of spirituality and spiritual development in human consciousness and invites readers to contemplate and appreciate their lives as scholars and practitioners.
Resistance to RNA interference by plant‐derived double‐stranded RNAs but not plant‐derived short interfering RNAs in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Fu Jinqiu , Xu Shijing , Lu Huan , Li Fanchi , Li Shengchun , Chang Ling , Heckel David G. , Bock Ralph , Zhang Jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlant‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising technology for pest control through expression of double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeted against essential insect genes. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and whether long dsRNA or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the effective triggers of the RNAi response. Here we generated transplastomic and nuclear transgenic tobacco plants expressing dsRNA against the Helicoverpa armigera ATPaseH gene. We showed that expression of long dsRNA of HaATPaseH was at least three orders of magnitude higher in transplastomic plants than in transgenic plants. HaATPaseH‐derived siRNAs are absent from transplastomic plants, while they are abundant in transgenic plants. Feeding transgenic plants to H. armigera larvae reduced gene expression of HaATPaseH and delayed growth. Surprisingly, no effect of transplastomic plants on insect growth was observed, despite efficient dsRNA expression in plastids. Furthermore, we found that dsRNA ingested by H. armigera feeding on transplastomic plants was rapidly degraded in the intestinal fluid. In contrast, siRNAs are relatively stable in the digestive system. These results suggest that plant‐derived siRNAs may be more effective triggers of RNAi in Lepidoptera than dsRNAs, which will aid the optimization of the strategies for plant‐mediated RNAi to pest control.