bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in Flaveria (Asteraceae): Insights from the Flaveria linearis Complex
Authors: Adachi Shunsuke , Stata Matt , Martin Duncan G , Cheng Shifeng , Liu Hongbing , Zhu Xin-Guang , Sage Rowan F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flaveria is a leading model for C4 plant evolution due to the presence of a dozen C3-C4 intermediate species, many of which are associated with a phylogenetic complex centered around Flaveria linearis. To investigate C4 evolution in Flaveria, we updated the Flaveria phylogeny and evaluated gas exchange, starch δ13C, and activity of C4 cycle enzymes in 19 Flaveria species and 28 populations within the F. linearis complex. A principal component analysis identified six functional clusters: (1) C3, (2) sub-C2, (3) full C2, (4) enriched C2, (5) sub-C4, and (6) fully C4 species. The sub-C2 species lacked a functional C4 cycle, while a gradient was present in the C2 clusters from little to modest C4 cycle activity as indicated by δ13C and enzyme activities. Three Yucatan populations of F. linearis had photosynthetic CO2 compensation points equivalent to C4 plants but showed little evidence for an enhanced C4 cycle, indicating they have an optimized C2 pathway that recaptures all photorespired CO2 in the bundle sheath (BS) tissue. All C2 species had enhanced aspartate aminotransferase activity relative to C3 species and most had enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity. These aminotransferases form aspartate and alanine from glutamate and in doing so could help return photorespiratory nitrogen (N) from BS to mesophyll cells, preventing glutamate feedback onto photorespiratory N assimilation. Their use requires upregulation of parts of the C4 metabolic cycle to generate carbon skeletons to sustain N return to the mesophyll, and thus could facilitate the evolution of the full C4 photosynthetic pathway.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs in Upper-Extremity Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Clinical Study on Digital Care Programs
Authors: Janela Dora , Costa Fabíola , Molinos Maria , Moulder Robert G , Lains Jorge , Scheer Justin K , Bento Virgílio , Yanamadala Vijay , Cohen Steven P , Correia Fernando Dias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFear-avoidance beliefs (FAB) have been associated with poorer prognosis and decreased adherence to exercise-based treatments in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. However, the impact of high FAB on adherence and outcomes in upper extremity MSK (UEMSK) pain is poorly explored, particularly through exercise-based digital care programs (DCP).ObjectiveAssess the adherence levels, clinical outcomes and satisfaction in patients with UEMSK pain and elevated FAB after a fully remote multimodal DCP. Associations between FABQ-PA and clinical outcomes were conducted.MethodsSecondary analysis of an ongoing clinical trial. Participants with UEMSK pain (shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand) and elevated FAB-physical activity (FABQ-PA ≥ 15) were included. Adherence (completion rate, sessions/week, total exercise time) and mean change in clinical outcomes—disability (QuickDASH), numerical pain score, FABQ-PA, anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9)—between baseline and end-of-program were assessed. Associations between FABQ-PA and clinical outcomes were conducted.Results520 participants were included, with mean baseline FABQ-PA of 18.02 (SD 2.77). Patients performed on average 29.3 exercise sessions (2.8 sessions/week), totalizing 338.2 exercise minutes. Mean satisfaction was 8.5/10 (SD 1.7). Significant improvements were observed in all clinical outcomes. Higher baseline FAB were associated with higher baseline disability (P &lt; .001), and smaller improvements in disability (P &lt; .001) and pain (P = .001). Higher engagement was associated with greater improvements in FABQ-PA (P = .043) and pain (P = 0.009).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the potential benefits of a structured and multimodal home-based DCP in the management of UEMSK pain conditions in patients with elevated FAB in a real-world context.
Does Directed Innovation Mitigate Climate Damage? Evidence from U.S. Agriculture
Authors: Moscona Jacob , Sastry Karthik A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies how innovation reacts to climate change and shapes its economic impacts, focusing on U.S. agriculture. We show in a model that directed innovation can either mitigate or exacerbate climate change’s potential economic damage depending on the substitutability between new technology and favorable climatic conditions. To empirically investigate the technological response to climate change, we measure crop-specific exposure to damaging extreme temperatures and crop-specific innovation embodied in new variety releases and patents. We find that innovation has redirected since the mid-twentieth century toward crops with increasing exposure to extreme temperatures. Moreover, this effect is driven by types of agricultural technology most related to environmental adaptation. We next show that U.S. counties’ exposure to induced innovation significantly dampens the local economic damage from extreme temperatures. Combining these estimates with the model, we find that directed innovation has offset 20% of potential losses in U.S. agricultural land value due to damaging climate trends since 1960 and that innovation could offset 13% of projected damage by 2100. These findings highlight the vital importance, but incomplete effectiveness, of endogenous technological change as a source of adaptation to climate change.
Capital Structure and the Yield Curve
Authors: Duarte Diogo , Öztekin Özde , Saporito Yuri F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We develop a dynamic capital structure model in which interest rates are stochastic and driven by three state variables: level, slope, and curvature of the yield curve in an arbitrage-free Nelson-Siegel model. Our analysis suggests that the yield-curve factors are critical determinants of the capital structure of firms and that an increase in any of the three factors is followed by an increase of the firm’s leverage and a shortening of its debt maturity. We perform a two-stage least squares system of equations that accounts for the joint determination of leverage and debt maturity and confirms our model’s predictions. (JEL E43, G12, G32)
The effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depressive symptoms in spondyloarthritis: does the type of drug matter?
Authors: Webers Casper , Kiltz Uta , Braun Jürgen , van der Heijde Désirée , Boonen Annelies 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effect of pharmacological treatment of SpA on depressive symptoms and explore whether this effect differs between drug classes.

Methods
Data from the observational Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index Validation Study were used. Patients were assessed at baseline and after initiation of NSAIDs/conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs)/TNF inhibitors (TNFis). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale [HADS-D; 0–21 (best–worst)]. Covariables included demographics and disease characteristics, including disease activity [Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)/BASDAI]. The change in HADS-D from baseline was compared between treatments (NSAIDs/csDMARDs/TNFis) with analysis of variance and multivariable regression analysis.

Results
A total of 304 patients were included; 102/45/157 initiated NSAIDs/csDMARDs/TNFis and 260 (85%) / 44 (15%) had axial/peripheral SpA. At baseline, the mean HADS-D was 6.9 (s.d. 4.2); 126 (42%) were possibly depressed (HADS-D ≥8) and 66 (22%) were probably depressed (HADS-D ≥11). At follow-up, depressive symptoms significantly improved in all treatment groups. In multivariable regression without disease activity measures, initiating TNFis compared with NSAIDs was associated with greater improvement in depressive symptoms [β = −1.27 (95% CI −2.23, −0.32)] and lower odds of possible depression at follow-up [odds ratio 0.47 (95% CI 0.23, 0.94)]. This association was attenuated after additional adjustment for disease activity (ASDAS/BASDAI) but not CRP. csDMARDs did not differ from NSAIDs regarding their effect on HADS-D. Between-drug class results were confirmed in axial SpA (axSpA), although less clear in peripheral SpA.

Conclusion
Treatment of active SpA also improves depressive symptoms. Especially in axSpA, TNFis have a greater effect than NSAIDs, which is mainly explained by a stronger effect on disease activity. We found no evidence for a direct link between CRP-mediated inflammation and depressive symptoms in SpA.
Comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: different sides of the same coin?
Authors: Dey Mrinalini , Nagy György , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite the improvement in treatment for people with RA, ∼30% of patients remain symptomatic in the presence of optimized medical therapy, described as having ‘difficult-to-treat’ (D2T) RA. The average patient with RA has 1.6 other clinical conditions, which accumulate over time. Comorbidities are increasingly recognized as key contributors to D2T disease, and are themselves perpetuated by the D2T state. In this review, we discuss the commonest comorbidities in the context of D2T RA. We propose the need for a paradigm shift in the clinical and research agenda for comorbidities—including a need to consider and manage these prior to the development of D2T disease and not as an afterthought.
Targeted Intracellular Demethylation of Methylmercury Enhances Elimination Kinetics and Reduces Developmental Toxicity in TransgenicDrosophila
Authors: Krout Ian N , Scrimale Thomas , Rand Matthew D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMethylmercury (MeHg) persists today as a priority public health concern. Mechanisms influencing MeHg metabolism, kinetics, and toxicity outcomes are therefore essential knowledge for informing exposure risks. Evidence points to different toxic potencies of MeHg and inorganic mercury (Hg2+), highlighting the role for biotransformation (demethylation) in regulating MeHg toxicokinetics/dynamics. Whereas microbial MeHg demethylation in the gut is seen to influence elimination kinetics, the potential for systemic demethylation in tissues and target organs to influence MeHg toxicity remains uncertain. To investigate the consequences of systemic MeHg demethylation across development, we engineered transgenic Drosophila to express the bacterial organomercurial lyase enzyme (merB) in a targeted and tissue-specific manner. With all combinations of merB-induced demethylation, ubiquitously (via an actin promoter) or in a tissue-specific manner (ie, gut, muscle, neurons), we observe a rescue of MeHg-induced eclosion failure at the pupal to adult transition. In MeHg-fed larvae with ubiquitous or targeted (gut and muscle) merB expression, we see a significant decrease in MeHg body burden at the pupal stage relative to control flies. We also observe a significant increase in the MeHg elimination rate with merB demethylation induced in adults (control, t1/2 = 7.2 days; merB flies, t1/2 = 3.1 days). With neuronal-specific merB expression, we observe a rescue of MeHg-induced eclosion failure without a decrease in Hg body burden, but a redistribution of Hg away from the brain. These results demonstrate the previously unidentified potential for intracellular MeHg demethylation to promote transport and elimination of Hg, and reduce developmental MeHg toxicity.Impact Statement: These findings demonstrate the potential for MeHg demethylation in situ to contribute significantly to the MeHg elimination and distribution kinetics of whole animals and thereby affords a means of protection against the toxic insult of MeHg. Therefore, this study reveals important insight into processes that can determine an individual’s resistance or susceptibility to MeHg and provides rationale for therapies targeting a novel metabolism-based pathways to alleviate toxicity risk stemming from MeHg exposure.
XThe Seventeenth Century, Part II
Authors: Baker William , Stelzer Emily , Airey Jennifer , Martin Catherine Gimelli , Parry David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter has four sections: 1. General and Poetry; 2. Restoration Drama Excluding Dryden; 3. Dryden; 4. Prose. Section 1 is by William Baker, with Emily Stelzer covering Marvell, Herrick, and Crashaw; sections 2 and 3 are by Jennifer Airey; section 4 is by William Baker on Hobbes, William Baker and Catherine Gimelli Martin on Locke, David Parry on Bunyan, and Emily Stelzer on Pepys. There is no ‘Miscellaneous’ section this year.
Mitral valve surgery after failed transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: a review and word of caution
Authors: El-Eshmawi Ahmed , Costa Ana Claudia , Boateng Percy , Pandis Dimosthenis , Israel Yonatan , Adams David H. , Tang Gilbert H.L. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
As transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) evolves and indications broaden to include younger and lower surgical risk patients, it is essential to understand TEER failure trends and potential impact on subsequent mitral valve surgery, especially when pertaining to feasibility of durable valve reconstruction as opposed to de-novo repair.

Recent findings
Results of the two largest series analysing mitral valve surgery following TEER have demonstrated remarkably low repairability rates with consequent need for valve replacement. Post TEER surgery was associated with high early and late mortalities, likely as a reflection of patient baseline characteristics and acuity of surgery. Presence and correction of concomitant cardiac pathologies were a frequent finding. Centre and surgeon volumes were important factors in optimizing the likelihood of salvage repair and reducing perioperative risks.

Summary
Surgical mitral valve repair in reference centres remain the gold standard and the most durable treatment for degenerative mitral disease with excellent perioperative safety outcomes. Given the high likelihood of needing high-risk mitral valve replacement when TEER fails, consideration for potentially less durable transcatheter alternatives should be taken with caution in younger or lower surgical risk patients.
Speech Recognition Performance Differences Between Precurved and Straight Electrode Arrays From a Single Manufacturer
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Smetak Miriam R. , Patro Ankita , Lindquist Nathan R. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Holder Jourdan T. , Haynes David S. , Tawfik Kareem O. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Precurved cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays have demonstrated superior audiometric outcomes compared with straight electrodes in a handful of studies. However, previous comparisons have often failed to account for preoperative hearing and age. This study compares hearing outcomes for precurved and straight electrodes by a single manufacturer while controlling for these and other factors in a large cohort.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary academic medical center.

Patients
Two hundred thirty-one adult CI recipients between 2015 and 2021 with cochlear (Sydney, Australia) 522/622 (straight) or 532/632 (precurved) electrode arrays.

Interventions
Postactivation speech recognition and audiometric testing.

Main Outcome Measures
Speech recognition testing (consonant-nucleus-consonant word [CNCw] and AzBio) was collected at 6 and 12 months postactivation. Hearing preservation was characterized by a low-frequency pure-tone average shift, or the change between preoperative and postoperative low-frequency pure-tone average.

Results
Two hundred thirty-one patients (253 ears) with 6-month and/or 12-month CNCw or AzBio testing were included. One hundred forty-nine (59%) and 104 (41%) ears were implanted with straight and precurved electrode arrays, respectively. Average age at implantation was 70 years (interquartile range [IQR], 58–77 y). There was no significant difference in mean age between groups. CNCw scores were significantly different (p = 0.001) between straight (51%; IQR, 36–67%) and precurved arrays (64%; IQR, 48–72%). AzBio scores were not significantly different (p = 0.081) between straight (72%; IQR, 51–87%) and precurved arrays (81%; IQR, 57–90%). Controlling for age, race, sex, preoperative hearing, and follow-up time, precurved electrode arrays performed significantly better on CNCw (b = 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.2–16.0; p < 0.001) and AzBio (b = 8.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–16.0;, p = 0.014) testing. Hearing preservation was not different between electrodes on adjusted models.

Conclusion
During the study period, patients undergoing placement of precurved electrode arrays had significantly higher CNC and AzBio scores than patients receiving straight electrodes, even after controlling for age, preoperative hearing, and follow-up time.

Professional Practice Gap and Educational Need
Understanding the difference in audiometric outcomes between precurved and straight electrode arrays will help to guide electrode selection.

Learning Objective
To understand differences in speech recognition scores postoperatively by electrode array type (precurved versus straight).

Desired Result
To demonstrate a difference in hearing performance postoperatively by electrode type.

Level of Evidence
III

Indicate IRB or IACUC
Approved by the Institutional IRB (090155).
Preliminary Validation Study of the French-Quebec Version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist
Authors: Pépin Émilie , Tanguay Noémie , Roy Marie-Pier , Macoir Joël , Bruneau Marie-Andrée , Ismail Zahinoor , Hudon Carol 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Alzheimer disease dementia may be preceded by cognitive stages during which behavioral and psychological changes can occur. More precisely, behavioral symptoms may be observed during the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stages; these symptoms can be measured using the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI–C).

Objective:
To validate the French-Quebec version of the MBI–C in individuals ages 60–85 years.

Method:
The sample included 60 participants (20 MCI, 20 SCD, 20 cognitively healthy) and their informants. To assess the discriminant validity of the MBI–C, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis with a multiple comparisons test was performed on the MBI–C Total score. To determine convergent validity, Spearman correlations were calculated between the MBI–C subscales and a set of validation tools. Finally, test–retest reliability was assessed with Spearman correlations of MBI–C scores between two test sessions.

Results:
All of the analyses indicated satisfactory psychometric properties for the French-Quebec version of the MBI–C.

Conclusion:
This validation study reveals that the MBI–C can be used successfully in dementia risk assessments. From now on, the use of a validated MBI–C will be possible in the French-Quebec population.
Published Research on the Human Health Implications of Climate Change from 2012-2019: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bartlett Victoria L. , Gupta Ravi , Wallach Joshua , Nyhan Kate , Chen Kai , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImportanceClimate change is one of the most pressing global public health issues and is increasingly gaining attention from governments and researchers as a critical policy and research focus. While research on the effects of climate change on human health has grown significantly over the past few decades, there remain known gaps in research on non-physical health topics, like mental health, and in research on low-income countries.ObjectiveTo better understand the current state of research on the human health effects of climate change, including exposures, health conditions, populations, areas of the world studied, funding sources, and publication characteristics, with a focus on topics that are relevant for vulnerable populations.Evidence ReviewWe searched the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Climate Change and Human Health Literature Portal, a curated bibliographic database of global peer-reviewed research and gray literature on the science of climate impact on human health, to identify peer-reviewed original research investigating the health effects of climate change published from 2012 to 2019. The database combines searches of multiple search engines including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and includes added-value expert tagging of climate change exposures and health impacts. We filtered our search by year published, limited to original research articles published in English. After identifying all original research articles, we selected a 5% random sample to manually perform a detailed characterization of research topics and publication information.FindingsThere were 7082 original research articles published between 2012 and 2019, and the number of articles increased by 23% annually. In our random sample of 348 articles, we found that there were several gaps in research topics that are particularly relevant to vulnerable populations, such as those in the Global South (159; 45.7%) and the elderly (55; 15.8%). Additionally, fewer first authors were from the Global South (110; 31.6%), which may in part explain why there is disproportionally less research focusing on these countries.Conclusions and RelevanceOur results help elucidate gaps in research that, once addressed, may help us better understand and mitigate some of the most devastating effects of climate change on human health.
Using Trends and Outliers in Managing Delayed Transfusions
Authors: Bahar Burak , Gehrie Eric A. , Mo Yunchuan D. , Jacquot Cyril , Delaney Meghan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDelayed transfusions may result in patient morbidity and mortality, but no standards for timely transfusion have been developed. Information technology tools could be implemented to identify gaps in provision of blood and to recognize areas of improvement. Herein, we propose that the time to initiate a blood transfusion after an informative laboratory test could feasibly be used by the transfusion medicine service as a metric to monitor for transfusion delays. Trends and outlier events could be further investigated and used to make decisions and implement protocols to improve patient care.