bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very High Negative Concordance Rate of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab and Tracheo-Bronchial Aspirate in Children
Authors: Camporesi Anna , De Silvestri Annalisa , Diotto Veronica , Ferrario Stefania , Eccher Laura , De Ferrari Alessandra , Messina Francesco , Pelizzo Gloria , Mileto Davide , Calcaterra Valeria , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: May 2022

Reliable testing methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are essential to allow normal activities. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs; concerns have been raised regarding NP swab accuracy in children to detect the virus because of potential lack of cooperation of the patients or due to general uncertainties about concordance between high and low respiratory tract specimens in children. The aim of the study (IRB approval: ST/2020/405) is to prospectively compare RT-PCR results on NP and tracheo-bronchial aspirate (TA) in children admitted to the hospital for surgery or admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary children hospital in Milano, Italy, during a peak of COVID-19 infections in the city. A total of 385 patients were enrolled in the study: 364 from surgical theater and 21 from PICU. Two patients (0.5%) tested positive on TA and were negative on NP; both cases occurred in November 2020, during a peak of infection in the city. Specificity of NP swab was.995 (95% CI: 0.980–0.999). Two patients with positive NP swabs tested negative on TA.ConclusionOur study shows that the specificity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on TA swab, compared to results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on NP, was very high for negative cases in our pediatric cohort during a period of high epidemiological pressure.
Circadian Dependence of the Acute Immune Response to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kilgallen Aoife B. , van den Akker Frederieke , Feyen Dries A. M. , Crnko Sandra , Snijders Blok Christian J. B. , Gremmels Hendrik , du Pré Bastiaan C. , Reijers Robin , Doevendans Pieter A. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Sampaio-Pinto Vasco , van Laake Linda W. 
Published: May 2022

Circadian rhythms influence the recruitment of immune cells and the onset of inflammation, which is pivotal in the response to ischemic cardiac injury after a myocardial infarction (MI). The hyperacute immune response that occurs within the first few hours after a MI has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we characterized the immune response and myocardial damage 3 hours after a MI occurs over a full twenty-four-hour period to investigate the role of the circadian rhythms in this response. MI was induced at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 2, 8, 14, and 20 by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Three hours after surgery, animals were terminated and blood and hearts collected to assess the immunological status and cardiac damage. Blood leukocyte numbers varied throughout the day, peaking during the rest-phase (ZT2 and 8). Extravasation of leukocytes was more pronounced during the active-phase (ZT14 and 20) and was associated with greater chemokine release to the blood and expression of adhesion molecules in the heart. Damage to the heart, measured by Troponin-I plasma levels, was elevated during this time frame. Clock gene oscillations remained intact in both MI-induced and sham-operated mice hearts, which could explain the circadian influence of the hyperacute inflammatory response after a MI. These findings are in line with the clinical observation that patients who experience a MI early in the morning (i.e., early active phase) have worse clinical outcomes. This study provides further insight on the immune response occurring shortly after an MI, which may contribute to the development of novel and optimization of current therapeutic approaches.
Long Term Metabolic Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients With Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Real Life Study
Authors: Armentaro Giuseppe , D’Arrigo Graziella , Miceli Sofia , Cassano Velia , Perticone Maria , Maio Raffaele , Marra Alberto Maria , Arturi Franco , Cittadini Antonio , Tripepi Giovanni , Sesti Giorgio , Sciacqua Angela 
Published: May 2022

Sacubitril/Valsartan (sac/val) has improved clinical prognosis in patients affected by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexist, with a prevalence of T2DM of 35%–40% in patients with HF. T2DM is the third co-morbidities in patients with HF and a strong independent risk factor for the progression of HF. In a post hoc analysis of PARADIGM-HF, improved glycemic control was shown in patients with T2DM and HFrEF receiving sac/val compared to enalapril at 12 months of follow-up. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a series of repeated observations in 90 HFrEF patients, the long term effect of sac/val treatment on renal function, glycometabolic state and insulin sensitivity parameters, according to diabetic status. We studied 90 patients (74 men and 16 women, mean age 68 ± 10 years, 60 diabetics and 30 non-diabetics) suffering from HFrEF and still symptomatic despite optimal pharmacological therapy. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;35% and II-III NYHA functional class were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical-instrumental and laboratory determinations and Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLHFQ) every 6 months until 30 months to evaluate benefits and adverse events. After 30 months follow-up, we observed a significant improvement in glycometabolic parameters including HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), HOMA index, and LDL cholesterol. Moreover, renal function, NTpro-BNP levels and echocardiographic parameters significantly improved. In diabetic patients a significant reduction in use of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin was observed after 30 months of sac/val treatment. In the whole population, multivariate analysis shows that the evolution of cardiac index (CI) was significantly associated to simultaneous changes in HOMA, IGF-1 and visit; per each visit and for 1 ng/ml increase in IGF-1 there was an increase in CI of 64.77 ml/min/m2 (p &lt; 0.0001) and 0.98 ml/min/m2 (p = 0.003), respectively, whereas 1 point increase in HOMA was associated with a −7.33 ml/min/m2 (p = 0.003) reduction in CI. The present data confirm persistent metabolic improvement in patients with HFrEF after treatment with sac/val and highlights its potential therapeutical role in patients with metabolic comorbidities.
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Is of Clinical Significance Regarding Emotional and Behavioral Problems in 7-Year-Old Children With Familial Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Population-Based Controls the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study–VIA 7; A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Spang Katrine Søborg , Thorup Anne A. E. , Ellersgaard Ditte , Hemager Nicoline , Christiani Camilla , Burton Birgitte Klee , Gantriis Ditte , Greve Aja , Gregersen Maja , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Obel Carsten , Plessen Kerstin J. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundChildren born to parents with severe mental illness are at increased risk of mental and behavioral difficulties during childhood. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of clinically significant behavioral difficulties in 7-year-old children of parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as well as in control children by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Further, we aimed to determine if the SDQ could function as a screening instrument for clinically relevant behavioral problems of children at high risk of these severe mental illnesses.MethodsBy means of the Danish National Registers, we established a cohort of 522 7-year old children stratified by familial high risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N = 202), bipolar disorder (N =120), and controls (N = 200). The child's primary caregiver completed the SDQ parent version and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) while the schoolteacher completed the SDQ teacher version and the CBCL teacher equivalent; the Teachers Report Form (TRF). Finally, global functioning was assessed with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).ResultsChildren with familial high risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder have a significantly increased risk (OR = 3.8 and 2.3) of suffering clinically significant behavioral difficulties at age 7-years according to SDQ parent ratings. The SDQ discriminates with moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity between familial high-risk children with and without a psychiatric diagnosis and has overall compelling discriminatory abilities in line with the more time consuming CBCL/TRF.Conclusions Familial high-risk children have more behavioral difficulties and more frequently at a level indicative of mental illness compared to control children as measured by the SDQ. The SDQ works well as a screening instrument for clinically relevant behavioral problems in high-risk children.
Women in Surgery Events Alone do not Change Medical Student Perceptions of Gender Bias and Discrimination in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Hull Bethany , Pestrin Olivia , Brennan Caitlin M. , Hackney Rosie , Scott Chloe E.H. 
Published: May 2022

AimsThis study investigated the perceptions of medical students regarding the barriers to pursuing a career in trauma and orthopaedics (T&amp;O); and whether these perceptions were altered by attending an event promoting women in T&amp;O.MethodsAn event consisting of presentations and interactive sessions from two female T&amp;O trainees was hosted online. Attendees completed pre and post-event questionnaires. Students were asked about their previous exposure to T&amp;O, perceptions of gender imbalances in T&amp;O and what barriers they perceived prevented women from entering T&amp;O. Univariate analysis was performed to identify changes in perceptions following the event.ResultsPre-event questionnaires were completed by 102 people; and post-event by 52. Although 64/102 respondents were considering a career in T&amp;O, 26/102 were dissuaded by perceived gender disparities. Perceptions of gender disparities were significantly higher in UK based attendees compared to other nationalities (p = 0.047). Attendees were more likely to want to pursue a career in T&amp;O if they had been directly exposed at medical school (p = 0.044), but exposure did not alter perceptions of women in T&amp;O. The most common perceived barrier was the orthopaedic stereotype followed by male dominated workplace culture, and lack of female role models. Pre and post-event responses did not differ significantly for any areas examined.ConclusionThere are significant concerns amongst medical students regarding gender based discrimination within T&amp;O, and these perceptions were not altered by attending a one-off women in T&amp;O event. Early exposure to T&amp;O appears important to improve interest in orthopaedics, whereas negative stereotyping is a barrier.
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Isolated Proximal Posterior Artery Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Guang , Zhu Yujing , Ling Yeping , Chen Pingbo , Dai Jiaxing , Wang Chunlei , Xu Shancai , Shumadalova Alina , Shi Huaizhang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to isolated proximal posterior cerebral artery (PPCA) occlusion is rare but associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the optimal treatment strategy for patients with AIS caused by PPCA remains unclear. We discuss our single-center experience with endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with PPCA.MethodsData from patients with AIS due to PPCA occlusion were retrospectively analyzed. We analyzed procedural details, the degree of reperfusion, functional outcomes, and complications. Functional outcomes were determined using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, and good outcome was defined as mRS 0–2 at 90 days. Successful reperfusion was defined as modified treatment in cerebral ischemia (mTICI) 2b−3 after endovascular therapy. Safety variables included symptomatic hemorrhage (defined as an increase of four or more points in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score), vessel perforation or dissection, and new ischemic stroke in different territories.ResultsSeven patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 64 ± 12.4 years. Successful reperfusion was achieved in all seven patients (100%). Good outcomes were achieved at 90 days in 2 patients (28.6%), and favorable outcomes were observed in five patients (71.4%). One patient underwent angioplasty as rescue therapy after three attempts. One patient died because of severe gastrointestinal bleeding 24 h after EVT, which was probably a complication of intravenous alteplase. One patient had an embolism in the basilar artery and achieved complete reperfusion after rescue thrombectomy. Another patient had a complication of vessel dissection in the PPCA and underwent stent implantation as rescue therapy. We observed no recurrence of ischemic stroke or any intracranial hemorrhage on non-contrast computed tomography 24 h after the procedure.ConclusionEVT may represent an alternative treatment strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by PPCA.
Functional Analysis of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases of Ustilago maydis
Authors: Vázquez-Carrada Melissa , Feldbrügge Michael , Olicón-Hernández Dario Rafael , Guerra-Sánchez Guadalupe , Pardo Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2022

Plasma membrane H+-ATPases of fungi, yeasts, and plants act as proton pumps to generate an electrochemical gradient, which is essential for secondary transport and intracellular pH maintenance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two genes (PMA1 and PMA2) encoding H+-ATPases. In contrast, plants have a larger number of genes for H+-ATPases. In Ustilago maydis, a biotrophic basidiomycete that infects corn and teosinte, the presence of two H+-ATPase-encoding genes has been described, one with high identity to the fungal enzymes (pma1, UMAG_02851), and the other similar to the plant H+-ATPases (pma2, UMAG_01205). Unlike S. cerevisiae, these two genes are expressed jointly in U. maydis sporidia. In the present work, mutants lacking one of these genes (Δpma1 and Δpma2) were used to characterize the role of each one of these enzymes in U. maydis physiology and to obtain some of their kinetic parameters. To approach this goal, classical biochemical assays were performed. The absence of any of these H+-ATPases did not affect the growth or fungal basal metabolism. Membrane potential tests showed that the activity of a single H+-ATPase was enough to maintain the proton-motive force. Our results indicated that in U. maydis, both H+-ATPases work jointly in the generation of the electrochemical proton gradient, which is important for secondary transport of metabolites and regulation of intracellular pH.
Pollutions accidentelles des eaux de surface : une application des modèles de comptage
Authors: Ropars Carole , Le Goffe Philippe , Rieusset Frank 
Published: May 2022

Applying Count Models to Accidental Surface-Water Pollutions.
Besides chronic nonpoint source pollutions, internal waters are subject to accidental pollutions of various origins. Spills of chemicals, sewage or livestock effluent cause spectacular damage to drinking water supply and aquatic fauna. We have constructed a statistical base that provides a foundation for an exploratory analysis of accidental pollutions of internal waters in Brittany and a comparison between agricultural risks and risks arising from other activities. The descriptive analysis of these accidents is followed by an explanation of the number of accidents at the municipal level, using count models.
L’influence des conditions de travail passées sur la santé et la consommation de médicaments auto-déclarées des retraités
Authors: Barnay Thomas , Defebvre Éric 
Published: May 2022

The Impact of PastWorking Conditions on Retirees’ Self-Assessed Health and Medication Use.
This article aims to measure the net effect of physical and psychosocialworking conditions, throughout their entire professional career, on retirees’ self-assessed physical and mental health, and drug consumption. Based on the French Health and Career Path (Santé et Itinéraire Professionnel) survey, we control our regressions for socioeconomic characteristics, employment, career path, past individual characteristics on entering the labour market, and past health status. Our results highlight the negative role of exposure to detrimentalworking conditions on retirees’ physical and mental health, evidencing a clear relationship between physical constraints and physical health on the one hand, and between psychosocial risk factors and mental health (including drug consumption) on the other hand. These findings underline the long-term effect of difficult working conditions on health status, even after retirement.
L’accès féminin à l’emploi en territoire ouvrier : une inadéquation géographique ?
Authors: Baguelin Olivier 
Published: May 2022

Women’s Access to Employment in Blue Collar Territories : a Spatial Mismatch ?
Blue collar territories are rather unconducive to women’s employment ; it all depends on the presence of local industries that are intensive in female labour. For given population density and local share of blue collar women, these territories have much lower female employment rates. This link is analysed in detail : in particular, the hypothesis of a spatial mismatch unfavourable to female employment is examined. The analysis, successively in cross-section and panel, is conducted on census data for the years 2006-2012. In cross-section, once adjusted for confounders and spatial interdependencies, the relation of interest (between the share of blue collar and women’s employment) is reduced but remains very significant. The results of the panel analysis suggest that two-thirds of this is a long-term link compatible with a spatial mismatch scenario.
Kinetics of growth and level of residual stresses during curing of epoxy oligomers with active thinners
Authors: TROFIMOV D. A. , BRESSKAYA A. D. , SHALGUNOV S. I. , SIMONOV-EMELYANOV I. D. 
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of the kinetics and level of residual stresses during the curing of systems based on ED-20 epoxy oligomer with amine curing agent (TETA) and active diluents (AD) having different nature, structure and characteristics (laproxides and laprolate).The effect of the structure, AD content, and curing temperature on the kinetics and level of residual stresses in the ED-20 + TETA + AD systems is shown.It has been established that the most effective AD for reducing residual stresses in the ED-20 + TETA systems are laproxides of grades E-181, 703 and laprolat 301 at a content of 0.15-0.20 vol.Optimal compositions of binders based on epoxy oligomers with active diluents with low level of residual stresses (no more than ~2 MPa), shrinkage of ~3%, initial viscosity of ~0.2 Pa·s at curing temperature of up to 60°C are proposed, which guarantees high-quality impregnation of fibrous fillers and high level having physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced plastics.
Effects of In composition on the surface morphology of self-assembled In
x
Ga1−x
Sb/GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Kawazu Takuya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the influence of the In composition x on the surface morphology of In
x
Ga1−x
Sb quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In
x
Ga1−x
Sb QDs are successfully formed at x ≤ 0.5 on GaAs(100) and x ≤ 0.6 on GaAs(311)A, where the QD size is larger and their density is lower on GaAs(100) than those on GaAs(311)A at any x. The shape and density n

QD
of In
x
Ga1−x
Sb QDs on GaAs(100) is more significantly affected by x than those on GaAs(311)A; the aspect height-to-radius ratio h/r increases about twofold on GaAs(100) with increasing x, but the increase of h/r is only 1.1 times on GaAs(311)A. As x increases from 0.0 to 0.5, n

QD
decreases by a factor of 150 on GaAs(100), while the decrease of n

QD
is only 7 times on GaAs(311)A. The comparison between the experiment and a rate equation model suggests that the hopping barrier energy between surface sites depends linearly on x.
Distributed temperature–strain sensor based on inter-mode Kerr four-wave mixing of PMF: proposal and proof-of-concept
Authors: Liu Li-Ming , Yang Yu-Lian , Deng Qing-Xue , Jia Xin-Hong , Liang Wen-Yan , Jiang Li , Song Wei-Jie , Zhang Xuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A novel concept of distributed temperature–strain sensors is proposed using inter-mode Kerr four-wave mixing of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), in which the dominated physical mechanism is basically different from reported Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG). The independent measurement for temperature and strain sensitivities (−0.431 MHz °C−1 and 0.067 MHz/10 με) was completed by detecting the change in birefringence under pump-Stokes frequency separation at 370 MHz. As a preliminary proof-of-concept, sensing with a spatial resolution of ∼5 m was demonstrated along ∼210 m PMF. Compared with BDG, the proposed sensor features potential of multiple parameters measurement including temperature–strain and liquid acoustic impedance.
Additive Feature Attribution Explainable Methods to Craft Adversarial Attacks for Text Classification and Text Regression
Authors: Chai Yidong , Liang Ruicheng , Samtani Sagar , Zhu Hongyi , Wang Meng , Liu Yezheng , Jiang Yuanchun 
Published: May 2022

<p> Deep learning (DL) models have significantly improved the performance of text classification and text regression tasks. However, DL models are often strikingly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Many researchers have aimed to develop adversarial attacks against DL models in realistic black-box settings (i.e., assumes no model knowledge is accessible to attackers) that typically operate with a two-phase framework: (1) sensitivity estimation through gradient-based or deletion-based methods to evaluate the sensitivity of each token to the prediction of the target model, and (2) perturbation execution to craft adversarial examples based on the estimated token sensitivity. However, gradient-based and deletion-based methods used to estimate sensitivity often face issues of capturing the directionality of tokens and overlapping token sensitivities, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel eXplanation-based method for Adversarial Text Attacks (XATA) that leverages additive feature attribution explainable methods, namely LIME or SHAP, to measure the sensitivity of input tokens when crafting black-box adversarial attacks on DL models performing text classification or text regression. We evaluated XATA’s attack performance on DL models executing text classification on three datasets (IMDB Movie Review, Yelp Reviews-Polarity, and Amazon Reviews-Polarity) and DL models conducting text regression on three datasets (My Personality, Drug Review, and CommonLit Readability). The proposed XATA outperformed the existing gradient-based and deletion-based adversarial attack baselines in both tasks. These findings indicate that the ever-growing research focused on improving the explainability of DL models with additive feature attribution explainable methods can provide attackers with weapons to launch targeted adversarial attacks. </p>