bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of treadmill exercise stress testing on troponin levels in children and adolescents
Authors: Pompa Anthony G. , Arora Gaurav , Harris Tyler H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Chest pain is a common complaint among paediatric patients and cardiac troponin (cTn) level is often part of the initial emergency department evaluation. It is well known that after intense endurance exercise cTn levels can be elevated in patients with otherwise healthy hearts, however the effect shorter duration exercise has on cTn levels in this population is not known.Objective:Determine the behaviour of cTn levels in healthy children and adolescent patients after short burst, high-intensity aerobic exercise.Methods:Patients without haemodynamically significant heart disease referred for a treadmill exercise stress test (EST) were recruited over a 6-month period. cTn levels were measured prior to exercise and 4 hours after exercise.Results:Thirteen patients enrolled. Indications for EST were exertional syncope (six), chest pain (four), and long QT syndrome (three). The median exercise time was 12.9 (9.9–13.7) minutes with an average endurance at the fiftieth percentile for age and maximum heart rate rose to an average of 92 (74–98)% of the predicted peak for age. cTn levels prior to exercise were undetectable in all patients. There was no cTn rise in any patient after exercise. There were no ischaemic changes or arrhythmias on exercise electrocardiograms.Conclusion:Serum cTn levels do not rise significantly in healthy children after short duration, high-intensity aerobic exercise. Physicians evaluating paediatric patients with an elevated cTn level after less than prolonged strenuous activity likely cannot attribute this lab value solely to exercise and may need to undertake further cardiac investigation.
Between Demographic Optimism and Pessimism?
Authors: McConnell Eileen Díaz , Rodríguez-Muñiz Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2060, Latinx, African Americans, Asians, and other “minority” groups will together comprise the majority of the country’s population. Past research has found that non-Hispanic Whites, hereafter Whites, find such projections disquieting or threatening. Yet, recent surveys reveal that when given more than binary good/bad choices, most Whites opt for the middle-point response that this development will be “neither good nor bad for the country.” How can we account for this seemingly ambiguous evaluation of projected ethnoracial demographic futures? Using eight waves of nationally representative U.S. survey data collected between 2015 and 2018, this article begins to unpack the “neither” response among Whites, exploring what it might mean and what factors are associated with it, relative to seemingly optimistic and pessimistic stances. Multinomial Logistic Regression analyses and additional descriptive analyses indicate that “neither good nor bad” in this context is a substantive response: White “Neithers” are socio-demographically and attitudinally distinct from their counterparts. Our study demonstrates the value of moving beyond an exclusive focus on expressions of demographic threat and pessimism. Moreover, it invites further investigation into factors that inform and shape how Whites and other ethnoracial populations in the U.S. understand and assess projected population shifts.
Characteristics of Tropical‐Cyclone Turbulence and Intensity Predictability
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Rotunno Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the characteristics of tropical‐cyclone (T‐C) turbulence and its related predictability implications. Using the Fourier‐Bessel spectral decomposition for convection‐permitting simulations, it is shown that T‐C turbulence possesses different spectral properties in the azimuthal and radial directions, with a steeper power law in the radial‐wavenumber than that in the azimuthal‐wavenumber direction. This spectral difference between the azimuthal and radial directions prevents one from using a single wavenumber to interpret T‐C intensity predictability as for classical homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Analyses of spectral error growth for a high‐wavenumber perturbation further confirm that the spectral growth is more rapid for high azimuthal wavenumbers than for the radial wavenumbers, reaching saturation after ∼9 hr and ∼18 hr for the azimuthal and radial directions, respectively. This result highlights the key difficulty in quantifying T‐C intensity predictability based on spectral upscale error growth for future applications.
Panoptic View of Mantle Flow Beneath Trans‐Continental Northeast Asia: Distinct Variation Detected From ∼2,000 km Shear Wave Splitting Profile
Authors: Yang Fan , Guo Guangrui , Li Juan , Chen Qi‐Fu , Chen Yun , Chen Sidan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe obtained a panoptic view of the pattern of mantle flow in the “Big Mantle Wedge” associated with the stagnation of the subducting Pacific slab. We applied a simultaneous inversion of multiple waveforms method to measure SKS‐wave splitting parameters for a dense seismic array in trans‐continental Northeast Asia. We identify distinct patterns separated by the North‐South Gravity Lineament (NSGL): to the west, the ENE fast axis orientation with small δt reflects limited frozen anisotropy in the stable lithosphere; while to the east, local variation of anisotropy is superimposed on the NNW‐dominated fast direction, suggesting contribution of other mechanisms rather than the only asthenospheric flow. Within a distance of 200 km crossing the NSGL, we reveal a gradual clockwise rotation in the fast direction, and the keel‐deflected flow caused by the 60–80 km reduction in the lithosphere thickness across the NSGL might contribute to the variation of anisotropy.
A Two‐Spacecraft Study of Mars' Induced Magnetosphere's Response to Upstream Conditions
Authors: Stergiopoulou Katerina , Andrews David J. , Edberg Niklas J. T. , Halekas Jasper , Lester Mark , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Dimmock Andrew P. , Gruesbeck Jacob R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis is a two‐spacecraft study, in which we investigate the effects of the upstream solar wind conditions on the Martian induced magnetosphere and upper ionosphere. We use Mars Express (MEX) magnetic field magnitude data together with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), solar wind density, and velocity measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, from November 2014 to November 2018. We compare simultaneous observations of the magnetic field magnitude in the induced magnetosphere of Mars (|B|IM) with the IMF magnitude (|B|IMF), and we examine variations in the ratio |B|IM/|B|IMF with solar wind dynamic pressure, speed and density. We find that the |B|IM/|B|IMF ratio in the induced magnetosphere generally decreases with increased dynamic pressure and that a more structured interaction is seen when comparing induced fields to the instantaneous IMF, where reductions in the relative fields at the magnetic pile up boundary (MPB) are more evident than in the field strength itself, along with enhancements in the immediate vicinity of the optical shadow of Mars. We interpret these results as evidence that while the induced magnetosphere is indeed compressed and induced field strengths are higher during periods of high dynamic pressure, a relatively larger amount of magnetic flux threads the region compared to that available from the unperturbed IMF during low dynamic pressure intervals.
A New Probe Into the Innermost Inner Core Anisotropy via the Global Coda‐Correlation Wavefield
Authors: Costa de Lima Thuany , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Waszek Lauren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvestigations of the Earth's inner core (IC) using seismic body waves are limited by their volumetric sampling due to uneven global distribution of large earthquakes and receivers. The sparse coverage of the IC leads to uncertainties in its anisotropy, the directional dependence of seismic velocity. Yet, detailed constraints on anisotropy, such as its magnitude, and spatial distribution, are required to understand the crystallographic structure of IC's iron and its solidification and deformation processes. Here, we present a new method to investigate the IC's anisotropic properties based on Earth's coda‐correlation wavefield constructed from the late coda of large earthquakes. We perform a comprehensive travel time analysis of I2*, an IC‐sensitive correlation feature identified as a counterpart of the direct seismic wavefield's PKIKPPKIKP waves, yet fundamentally different. Namely, I2* is a mathematical manifestation of similarity among specific seismic phases with the same slowness detected in global correlograms in the short inter‐receiver distance range. Our new spatial sampling of the IC overcomes the shortage of direct seismic wavefield paths sensitive to the IC's central volume, also known as the innermost IC (IMIC). The observed I2*’s travel time variations relative to Earth's rotation axis (ERA) support a model of cylindrical anisotropy with 3.3% strength and a zonal pattern of slow axis oriented 55° from ERA. We thus find compelling evidence for a deep IC structure with distinct anisotropy, although we cannot resolve the depth at which the change occurs. This finding reinforces previous inference on the IMIC, with implications for Earth's evolution.
Systematic Integration of Applications into the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Earth Mission Architecture Study
Authors: Lee Christine M. , Glenn Nancy F. , Stavros E. Natasha , Luvall Jeff , Yuen Karen , Hain Chris , Schollaert Uz Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) concept is the first National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth mission to develop and implement systematic integration of science application needs at the architecture study stage. Prior NASA mission concept and planning activities presumed that science measurement needs would encompasss application measurement needs and so did not explicitly evaluate and include applications at this stage. However, the effort presented here identified, documented and integrated application needs that would not have been included by considering research science needs only. First, a low latency of no greater than 24 hr was identified as the optimal target to enable the maximum number of applications and was then carried through into all SBG candidate architectures. Second, many applications expressed needs around improved spatial and temporal resolution. While increased spatial resolution would not be possible under current cost and technology considerations, the need for improved resolution for temporal sampling helped drive and bolster discussions with international partners such as the European Space Agency, Italian Space Agency, and Centre National D’Etudes Spatiales. Lastly, we found that the applications and science were synergistic with one another; for example, mission concept decisions to consider additional measurement features were driven by both high relevance application and science priorities, and in particular, evapotranspiration for agriculture and high temperature features for fires and geologic hazards. This paper discusses the process and key contributions originating from the SBG Applications Working Group and how they shaped SBG at the architecture study stage. This stage in the mission planning considers the trade space of spacecraft instruments and architectures, and evaluates which formulations are suitable candidates for SBG. The approach described here may be utilized as a framework for applications and science to inform future NASA satellite mission studies.
Ultracompact meta-imagers for arbitrary all-optical convolution
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Zhao Dong , Li Ziqin , Liu Songde , Tian Chao , Huang Kun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectronic digital convolutions could extract key features of objects for data processing and information identification in artificial intelligence, but they are time-cost and energy consumption due to the low response of electrons. Although massless photons enable high-speed and low-loss analog convolutions, two existing all-optical approaches including Fourier filtering and Green’s function have either limited functionality or bulky volume, thus restricting their applications in smart systems. Here, we report all-optical convolutional computing with a metasurface-singlet or -doublet imager, considered as the third approach, where its point spread function is modified arbitrarily via a complex-amplitude meta-modulator that enables functionality-unlimited kernels. Beyond one- and two-dimensional spatial differentiation, we demonstrate real-time, parallel, and analog convolutional processing of optical and biological specimens with challenging pepper-salt denoising and edge enhancement, which significantly enrich the toolkit of all-optical computing. Such meta-imager approach bridges multi-functionality and high-integration in all-optical convolutions, meanwhile possessing good architecture compatibility with digital convolutional neural networks.
Very-high-frequency probes for atomic force microscopy with silicon optomechanics
Authors: Schwab L. , Allain P. E. , Mauran N. , Dollat X. , Mazenq L. , Lagrange D. , Gély M. , Hentz S. , Jourdan G. , Favero I. , Legrand B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) has been consistently supporting nanosciences and nanotechnologies for over 30 years and is used in many fields from condensed matter physics to biology. It enables the measurement of very weak forces at the nanoscale, thus elucidating the interactions at play in fundamental processes. Here, we leverage the combined benefits of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems and cavity optomechanics to fabricate a sensor for dynamic mode AFM at a frequency above 100 MHz. This frequency is two decades above the fastest commercial AFM probes, suggesting an opportunity for measuring forces at timescales unexplored thus far. The fabrication is achieved using very-large-scale integration technologies derived from photonic silicon circuits. The probe’s optomechanical ring cavity is coupled to a 1.55 μm laser light and features a 130 MHz mechanical resonance mode with a quality factor of 900 in air. A limit of detection in the displacement of 3 × 10−16 m/√Hz is obtained, enabling the detection of the Brownian motion of the probe and paving the way for force sensing experiments in the dynamic mode with a working vibration amplitude in the picometer range. When inserted in a custom AFM instrument embodiment, this optomechanical sensor demonstrates the capacity to perform force-distance measurements and to maintain a constant interaction strength between the tip and sample, an essential requirement for AFM applications. Experiments indeed show a stable closed-loop operation with a setpoint of 4 nN/nm for an unprecedented subpicometer vibration amplitude, where the tip–sample interaction is mediated by a stretched water meniscus.
Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors
Authors: Tate Ashley E. , Sahlin Hanna , Liu Shengxin , Lu Yi , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Kuja-Halkola Ralf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn one of the largest, most comprehensive studies on borderline personality disorder (BPD) to date, this article places into context associations between this diagnosis and (1) 16 different psychiatric disorders, (2) eight somatic illnesses, and (3) six trauma and adverse behaviors, e.g., violent crime victimization and self-harm. Second, it examines the sex differences in individuals with BPD and their siblings. A total of 1,969,839 Swedish individuals were identified from national registers. Cumulative incidence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was evaluated after 5 years of follow-up from BPD diagnosis and compared with a matched cohort. Associations were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs from Cox regression. 12,175 individuals were diagnosed with BPD (85.3% female). Individuals diagnosed with BPD had higher cumulative incidences and HRs for nearly all analyzed indicators, especially psychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorders were most common (cumulative incidence 95% CI 33.13% [31.48–34.73]). Other notable findings from Cox regressions include psychotic disorders (HR 95% CI 24.48 [23.14–25.90]), epilepsy (3.38 [3.08–3.70]), violent crime victimization (7.65 [7.25–8.06]), and self-harm (17.72 [17.27–18.19]). HRs in males and females with BPD had overlapping CIs for nearly all indicators. This indicates that a BPD diagnosis is a marker of vulnerability for negative events and poor physical and mental health similarly for both males and females. Having a sibling with BPD was associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders, trauma, and adverse behaviors but not somatic disorders. Clinical implications include the need for increased support for patients with BPD navigating the health care system.
CircTMTC1 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through targeting miR-495-MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis
Authors: Zhao Yajie , Li Chao , Zhang Yan , Li Zhanzhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common primary malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of nasopharynx. CircTMTC1 is upregulated in NPC patients, but its role and molecular mechanism in NPC are unknown. Normal nasopharyngeal epithelium and tumor tissues were collected. The expression of circTMTC1, miR-495, MET/eIF4G1 pathway-related molecules were examined. Colony formation and transwell assays were used to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Gene interaction was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and luciferase activity assays. Subcutaneous and intravenous xenograft mouse models were established to analyze NPC growth and metastasis in vivo. CircTMTC1 was highly expressed and miR-495 was downregulated in NPC, which were associated with poor prognosis of NPC. Both circTMTC1 knockdown and miR-495 overexpression inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted cell apoptosis. CircTMTC1 directly targeted miR-495 to promote the expression of its downstream target gene MET. miR-495 knockdown enhanced the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and survivin and accelerated NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT through targeting MET and activating the MET-eIF4G1 axis. CircTMTC1 silence inhibited NPC growth and lung metastasis by targeting the miR-495-MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis in vivo. CircTMTC1 accelerates NPC progression through targeting miR-495 and consequently activating the MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
Cryo-EM structure of the inner ring from the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex
Authors: Huang Gaoxingyu , Zhan Xiechao , Zeng Chao , Liang Ke , Zhu Xuechen , Zhao Yanyu , Wang Pan , Wang Qifan , Zhou Qiang , Tao Qinghua , Liu Minhao , Lei Jianlin , Yan Chuangye , Shi Yigong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Here we present single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the inner ring (IR) subunit from the Xenopus laevis NPC at an average resolution of 4.2 Å. A homo-dimer of Nup205 resides at the center of the IR subunit, flanked by two molecules of Nup188. Four molecules of Nup93 each places an extended helix into the axial groove of Nup205 or Nup188, together constituting the central scaffold. The channel nucleoporin hetero-trimer of Nup62/58/54 is anchored on the central scaffold. Six Nup155 molecules interact with the central scaffold and together with the NDC1–ALADIN hetero-dimers anchor the IR subunit to the nuclear envelope and to outer rings. The scarce inter-subunit contacts may allow sufficient latitude in conformation and diameter of the IR. Our structure reveals the molecular basis for the IR subunit assembly of a vertebrate NPC.
Assessing the climate change exposure of foreign direct investment
Authors: Li Xia , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study deploys newly available data to examine the exposure of multinational companies’ overseas investments to physical climate risks. Globally, foreign investments are significantly exposed to lower physical climate risks, compared with local firms across countries. Within countries however, the differences of physical climate risks between foreign and local facilities are small. We also examine China, as it is fast becoming one of the largest sources of outward foreign investment across the globe. We find that foreign direct investment from China is significantly more exposed to water stress, floods, hurricanes and typhoon risks across countries, compared with other foreign facilities. Within host countries however, once again the physical climate risks of Chinese overseas facilities are comparable to those of non-Chinese foreign investments.
WTAP-mediated m6A modification of lncRNA NORAD promotes intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Li Gaocai , Ma Liang , He Shujie , Luo Rongjin , Wang Bingjin , Zhang Weifeng , Song Yu , Liao Zhiwei , Ke Wencan , Xiang Qian , Feng Xiaobo , Wu Xinghuo , Zhang Yukun , Wang Kun , Yang Cao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification at the posttranscriptional level and involved in various diseases and cellular processes. However, the underlying mechanism of m6A regulation in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remains elusive. Here, we show that methylation of the lncRNA NORAD significantly increases in senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) by m6A sequencing. Subsequent loss- and gain-of-function experiments reveal WTAP is increased in senescent NPCs due to an epigenetic increase in H3K4me3 of the promoter mediated by KDM5a, and significantly promotes NORAD m6A modification. Furthermore, YTHDF2-mediated decay of NORAD is enhanced in senescent NPCs, and then deficiency of NORAD results in less sequestraion of PUMILIO proteins, contributing to the augmented activity of PUM1/2, thus repressing the expression of target E2F3 mRNAs and promoting the cellular senescence. Here, we show interruption of NORAD m6A modification or the NORAD/PUMILIO/E2F3 axis could serve as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the senescence of NPCs and development of IVDD.