bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding of Future Prescribers About Antimicrobial Resistance and Their Preparedness Towards Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Pakistan: Findings and Implications
Authors: Hayat Khezar , Fatima Noor , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Khan Farman Ullah , Khan Faiz Ullah , Najeeb Zia ul Rehman , Ghaffari Muhammad Abuzar , Raza Syed Qasim , Liu Wenchen , Chen Chen , Fang Yu 
Published: March 2022

Background: Insufficient antimicrobial-related training for physicians during their undergraduate education could have a negative impact on their prescribing. Unlike previous studies, this study not only explored the understanding and perception of Pakistani medical students about antibiotics and resistance, but also their preparedness towards antimicrobial stewardship programs.Methods: An online cross-sectional study was undertaken with final-year medical students using a validated questionnaire from January 2021 to May 2021. Descriptive and inference statistics were applied for data analysis.Results: Of 411 students, only 6.3% had undergone antimicrobial resistance (AMR) training. 16.1% of students believed that antibiotics are effective for viral ailments. More than half of the students agreed that AMR is a major healthcare problem in Pakistan (65.9%). Most students viewed poor infection control practices (66.9%), the use of too many broad-spectrum antibiotics (68.4%) for a longer duration (62.8%) with inadequate doses (67.9%) as the causes of AMR. The student’s preparation was insufficient in interpreting microbiological and pathological results (26.3%), selecting the correct antibiotics (22.1%), and awareness of the antibiotic spectrum (20.9%). The median preparedness score showed significant differences with sex (p = 0.049), age (p &lt; 0.001), institute type (p = 0.014), and family income (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Pakistani medical students showed adequate understanding of antibiotics, but lacked preparedness for several components of ASPs, including interpretation of microbiological results and spectrum of antibiotics. More steps need to be taken to prepare medical students for AMR and stewardship initiatives adequately.
Honokiol Inhibits HIF-1α-Mediated Glycolysis to Halt Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Yi Xianglan , Qi Mengxin , Huang Mingxiang , Zhou Sheng , Xiong Jing 
Published: March 2022

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induces the expression of glycolysis-related genes, which plays a direct and key role in Warburg effect. In a recent study, honokiol (HNK) was identified as one of the potential agents that inhibited the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Because the HIF- 1α pathway is closely associated with glycolysis, we investigated whether HNK inhibited HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.Methods: The effects of HNK on HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and other glycolysis-related genes’ expressions, cancer cells apoptosis and tumor growth were studied in various human breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo. We performed the following tests: extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rate assays, glucose uptake, lactate, and ATP assays for testing glycolysis; WST-1 assay for investigating cell viability; colony formation assay for determining clonogenicity; flow cytometry for assessing cell apoptosis; qPCR and Western blot for determining the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, HK2 and PDK1. The mechanisms of which HNK functions as a direct inhibitor of HIF-1α were verified through the ubiquitination assay, the Co-IP assay, and the cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase assay.Results: HNK increased the oxygen consumption rate while decreased the extracellular acidification rate in breast cancer cells; it further reduced glucose uptake, lactic acid production and ATP production in cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of HNK on glycolysis is HIF-1α-dependent. HNK also downregulated the expression of HIF-1α and its downstream regulators, including GLUT1, HK2 and PDK1. A mechanistic study demonstrated that HNK enhanced the self-ubiquitination of HIF-1α by recruiting two E3 ubiquitin ligases (UFL1 and BRE1B). In vitro, HNK inhibited cell proliferation and clonogenicity, as well as induced apoptosis of cancer cells. These effects were also HIF1α-dependent. In vivo, HNK inhibited tumor growth and HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.Conclusion: HNK has an inhibitory effect on HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis in human breast cancer. Our research revealed a new mechanism of HNK as an anti-cancer drug, thus representing a novel strategy to improve the prognosis of cancer.
Moringa oleifera Seed at the Interface of Food and Medicine: Effect of Extracts on Some Reproductive Parameters, Hepatic and Renal Histology
Authors: Attah Alfred F. , Akindele Opeyemi O. , Nnamani Petra O. , Jonah Ugochukwu J. , Sonibare Mubo A. , Moody Jones O. 
Published: March 2022

The lipid-rich Seed of Moringa oleifera has been promoted as an effective water clarifier. Aside its vital nutritional application as an emerging food additive, the seed has continued to gain a wider acceptance in various global ethnomedicines for managing several communicable and lifestyle diseases, howbeit, its potential toxic effect, particularly on fertility and pregnancy outcomes has remained uninvestigated; the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOSE) aqueous-methanol extracts on fertility and pregnancy outcome, was investigated in vivo using female Wistar rats that were divided into 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight. Group six was given Moringa oleifera seed treated water ad-libitum (ad-libitum group). Organs harvested for histological assessment included ovary, uterus, liver and kidney. In addition to HPLC fingerprint and a preliminary peptide detection, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of MOSE using standard methods. Data were analyzed with significance at p ≤ 0.05. There was no significant difference in the estrus cycle, mating index, gestation survival index, gestation index, fertility index and sex ratio among all groups. Gestation length was reduced in some groups. While the male pup birth weight was comparable among the different groups, female pups birth weights were significantly reduced in 50 and 100 mg groups. Anogenital distance indices of female pups in ad libitum group were significantly increased. Pathologies were observed in liver and kidneys of dams while kidneys of pups presented a dose dependent reduction in the number of glomeruli. There were no observed pathological changes in the ovary and uterus. This study showed for the first time in rodents, that the lipid-rich MOSE is unsafe to the kidney of rodents while the lipid-free MOSE appears to be safe at doses up to 300 mg/kg body weight. Findings from this study suggested that the female pups were masculinized. In conclusion, the lipid-rich seed extracts of MOSE appear to be unsafe during pregnancy, induce hepatic and renal toxicity while the lipid-free MOSE excludes inherent toxicity as the hydrophobic part has been linked to toxicity as observed in this study due to the developmental programming effect on female offspring in rodents.
Inspiration for COVID-19 Treatment: Network Analysis and Experimental Validation of Baicalin for Cytokine Storm
Authors: You Jia , Li Huawei , Fan Peng , Yang Xi , Wei Yuanfeng , Zheng Lingnan , Li Zhaojun , Yi Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Background: Cytokine storm (CS) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome and a major cause of multi-organ failure and even death in COVID-19 patients. With the increasing number of COVID-19 patients, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies for CS. Baicalin is an anti-inflammatory and antiviral traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of baicalin against CS through network analysis and experimental validation, and to detect key targets of CS that may bind closely to baicalin through molecular docking.Method: Access to potential targets of baicalin and CS in public databases. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of baicalin and CS by Cytoscape 9.0 software and performed network topology analysis of the potential targets. Then, the hub target was identified by molecular docking technique and validated in the CS model. Finally, GO and KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis of common targets were confirmed using R language, and the location of overlapping targets in key pathways was queried via KEGG Mapper.Result: A total of 86 overlapping targets of baicalin and CS were identified, among which MAPK14, IL2, FGF2, CASP3, PTGS2, PIK3CA, EGFR, and TNF were the core targets. Moreover, it was found that baicalin bound most closely to TNF through molecular docking, and demonstrated that baicalin can effectively inhibit the elevation of TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bioenrichment analysis revealed that the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway may be potential key pathways for baicalin to treat CS.Conclusion: Based on this study, baicalin was identified as a potential drug for the alleviation of CS, and the possible key targets and pathways of baicalin for the treatment of CS were elucidated to reveal the main pharmacological mechanisms.
Transmitted Cross-Polarized Light Detection of Particulate Inorganic Carbon Concentrations and Fluxes in the Ocean Water Column: Ships to ARGO Floats
Authors: Bishop James K. B. , Amaral Vinicius J. , Lam Phoebe J. , Wood Todd J. , Lee Jong-Mi , Laubach Allison , Barnard Andrew , Derr Alex , Orrico Cristina 
Published: March 2022

Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) plays a major role in the ocean carbon cycle impacting pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity, as well as particulate organic carbon (POC) export and transfer efficiency to the deep sea. Remote sensing retrievals of PIC in surface waters span two decades, yet knowledge of PIC concentration variability in the water column is temporally and spatially limited due to a reliance on ship sampling. To overcome the space–time gap in observations, we have developed optical sensors for PIC concentration and flux that exploit the high mineral birefringence of CaCO3 minerals, and thus enable real-time data when deployed operationally from ship CTDs and ARGO-style Carbon Flux Explorer floats. For PIC concentrations, we describe a fast (10 Hz) digital low-power (∼0.5 W) sensor that utilizes cross-polarized transmitted light to detect the photon yield from suspended birefringent particles in the water column. This sensor has been CTD-deployed to depths as great as 6,000 m and cross-calibrated against particulates sampled by large volume in situ filtration and CTD/rosettes. We report data from the September–November 2018 GEOTRACES GP15 meridional transect from the Aleutian Islands to Tahiti along 152°W where we validated two prototype sensors deployed on separate CTD systems surface to bottom at 39 stations, many of which were taken in nearly particle-free waters. We compare sensor results with major particle phase composition (particularly PIC and particulate aluminum) from simultaneously collected size-fractionated particulate samples collected by large volume in situ filtration. We also report results from the June 2017 California Current Ecosystem-Long Term Ecological Research (CCE-LTER) process study in California coastal waters where high PIC levels were found. We demonstrate that the PIC concentration sensor can detect PIC concentration variability from 0.01 to &gt;1 μM in the water column (except in nepheloid layers) and outline engineering needs and progress on its integration with the Carbon Flux Explorer, an autonomous float.
Gangguan Makan pada Remaja Dipengaruhi Oleh Media Sosial Melalui Citra Tubuh Negatif
Authors: Tunga Tezsa Leonyka Esther 
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan; Remaja merupakan salah satu fase dalam kehidupan yang mengalami periode peralihan dengan disertai perubahan pada aspek fisik, kognitif dan sosio-emosional. Gangguan makan merupakan salah satu fenomena dalam fokus kesehatan masyarakat yang marak terjadi di usia remaja. Tujuan; untuk mengetahui pengaruh media sosial terhadap gangguan makan melalui citra tubuh. Metode; Metode telaah literatur dengan pendekatan PRISMA menggunakan 11 artikel yang relevan. Hasil; Media sosial mampu berimplikasi pada kejadian gangguan makan melalui citra tubuh negatif pada remaja, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Citra tubuh negatif yang dimiliki oleh remaja dapat terjadi karena penggunaan media sosial yang tidak dibatasi, baik dari segi intensitas maupun isi konten yang diakses dengan menampilkan bentuk tubuh yang dianggap ideal yang lekat dengan kesan kurus dan berbentuk. Kesimpulan dan rekomendasi; Pengaruh yang diberikan media sosial melalui citra tubuh negatif terhadap gangguan makan dapat direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan intervensi berupa peningkatan literasi penggunaan media sosial sehingga tidak menimbulkan efek negatif terhadap pola pikir dan sikap remaja..
Surface potential and local conductivity measurements of micropatterned aromatic monolayers covalently attached to n-Si(111) via Si–C and Si–O bonds
Authors: Garcia Maria Carmela T. , Utsunomiya Toru , Ichii Takashi , Sugimura Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The surface potentials and local conductivity of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed using aromatic molecules covalently bonded to n-type silicon (111) via Si–C and Si–O bonds were measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and conductive AFM (CAFM). Surface potential measurements were done using micropatterned SAMs with hexadecyl SAM as a reference to eliminate surface potential variations due to the cantilever tips. Micropatterning was conducted via vacuum ultraviolet photolithography at λ = 172 nm. Ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static water contact angle and atomic force microscopy tests show that the aromatic SAMs were well-organized despite the short molecular lengths of the precursors. KPFM results show that Si–C bonded SAMs have higher surface potentials compared to Si–O SAMs, which is in agreement with dipole moments estimated by Molecular Orbital Package semi-empirical computations. CAFM scans showed conductive domains for the aromatic SAM regions, and Si–O SAMs exhibited a higher current than Si–C SAMs.
Produksi Video Profil Campus Ministry untuk Memecahkan Problem Komunikasi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Krisdinanto Nanang , Chandra Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Datangnya pandemi Covid-19 membuat Campus Ministry Universitas Kampus Widya Mandala Surabaya (UKWMS) memiliki problem komunikasi terhadap segenap warga kampus yang dilayaninya. Padahal, keberadaan Campus Ministry sebagai salah satu unit layanan di kampus UKWMS amat penting, karena unit ini bertugas melayani warga kampus di bidang kerohanian atau keagamaan. Selama ini, Campus Ministry belum memiliki sarana komunikasi yang bisa disebarkan secara digital sebagai salah satu solusi komunikasi di masa pandemi. Karena itu, program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan mengajak Campus Ministry sebagai mitra untuk memproduksi video profil untuk dijadikan sebagai media komunikasi dan promosi di masa pandemi. Kegiatan ini selama empat bulan (September – Desember 2021) dengan melibatkan Tim Abdimas (yang terdiri atas dosen dan mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi UKWMS) bersama tim dari Campus Ministry sebagai mitra. Program ini dijalankan melalui empat tahapan, yaitu pra-produksi, produksi, pasca-produksi, dan evaluasi. Luaran yang dihasilkan adalah video profil Campus Ministry yang bisa digunakan sebagai media komunikasi dan promosi yang disebarkan melalui media sosial seperti Instagram, Youtube, maupun Facebook. Melalui program ini, Campus Ministry mendapatkan solusi atas problem komunikasi atau promosi yang dlalami selama masa pandemi.
Kata Kunci: Video Profil, Campus Ministry, Problem Komunikasi, Pandemi.
Defect Analysis and Development Strategy for Robusta Coffee of Tanahwulan Village, Indonesia
Authors: Savitri Dyah Ayu , Setiyono  , Novijanto Noer , Fajriati Rizka Maulida 
Published: March 2022

Coffee is one of the worthy international trade commodities across countries. Coffee quality is strongly influenced by the behavior of farmers from cultivation, harvesting to processing results. The coffee commodity of Tanahwulan village has a unique character so that it has the potential to be developed further. This study aims to examine the defect of Robusta coffee in Tanahwulan village and its development strategy in the future. For this purpose, the defect analysis based of Indonesian National Standard was used to determine the quality of coffee. The SWOT analysis was also used to identify the development strategy of Tanahwulan village robusta coffee. The results showed that the value of coffee quality defects was at the level of random quality. The types of defects in coffee beans were black bean, partially black bean, broken black bean, brown bean, big size outer skin, medium size outer skin, parchment bean, big size parchment, medium size parchment, small size parchment, broken bean, immature bean , bean with one hole, bean with more than one hole, large sized twigs, dirt or stones and medium sized twigs, dirt or stones. The water content and antioxidant activity were 11% and 82.87%, respectively. The taste of brewed coffee has a final value of 75.5 with notes including chocolaty, spicy, dirty, and dark roast. Based on SWOT Analysis, to improve the Quality of Tanahwulan village robusta coffee, it is necessary to apply aggressive strategy or SO strategy. Therefore, this commodity could empower the opportunities to exist.
The Central 300 pc of the Galaxy Probed by Infrared Spectra of H3
+ and CO. III. Locations of Sgr B2 and Star Iota
Authors: Oka Takeshi , Geballe T. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using a simple relation between the radial expansion velocity of diffuse gas in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy and its distance from Sgr A* we estimate the physical depths within the CMZ of Star ι (2MASS J17470898-2829561) and two Sgr B2 far-infrared continuum sources with respect to the location of Sgr A*. To do this we use velocity profiles of infrared absorption lines of

H

3

+

and of far-infrared absorption lines of H2O+, OH+, and 13CH+. The distances to Star ι and to the Sgr B2 sources are found to be ∼90 pc greater than the distance to Sgr A*. Our conclusion that Sgr B2 lies toward the rear of the CMZ is contrary to most previous models in which it has been placed shallower than Sgr A*.
Three-polarizer Treatment of Linear Polarization in Coronagraphs and Heliospheric Imagers
Authors: DeForest Craig E. , Seaton Daniel B. , West Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Linearly polarized light has been used to view the solar corona for over 150 years. While the familiar Stokes representation for polarimetry is complete, it is best matched to a laboratory setting and therefore is not the most convenient representation either for coronal instrument design or for coronal data analysis. Over the last 100 years of development of coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers, various representations have been used for both direct measurement and analysis. These systems include famous representations such as the (B, pB) system, which is analogous to the Stokes system in solar observing coordinates, and also internal representations such as in-instrument Stokes parameters with fixed or variable “vertical” direction, and brightness values through a particular polarizing optic or set thereof. Many polarimetric instruments currently use a symmetric three-polarizer measurement and representation system (which we refer to as “(M, Z, P)”) to derive the (B, pB) or Stokes parameters. We present a symmetric derivation of (B, pB) and Stokes parameters from (M, Z, P), analyze the noise properties of (M, Z, P) in the context of instrument design, develop (M, Z, P) as a useful intermediate system for data analysis including background subtraction, and draw a helpful analogy between linear polarimetric systems and the large existing body of work on photometric colorimetry.
Probing the Local Interstellar Medium with Scintillometry of the Bright Pulsar B1133 + 16
Authors: McKee James W. , Zhu Hengrui , Stinebring Daniel R. , Cordes James M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interstellar medium hosts a population of scattering screens, most of unknown origin. Scintillation studies of pulsars provide a sensitive tool for resolving these scattering screens and a means of measuring their properties. In this paper, we report our analysis of 34 yr of Arecibo observations of PSR B1133 + 16, from which we have obtained high-quality dynamic spectra and their associated scintillation arcs, arising from the scattering screens located along the line of sight to the pulsar. We have identified six individual scattering screens that are responsible for the observed scintillation arcs, which persist for decades. Using the assumption that the scattering screens have not changed significantly in this time, we have modeled the variations in arc curvature throughout the Earth’s orbit and extracted information about the placement, orientation, and velocity of five of the six screens, with the highest-precision distance measurement placing a screen at just

5.46

−
0.59

+
0.54

pc from the Earth. We associate the more distant of these screens with an underdense region of the Local Bubble.
The DR21(OH) Trident—Resolving the Massive Ridge into Three Entangled Fibers as the Initial Condition of Cluster Formation
Authors: Cao Yue , Qiu Keping , Zhang Qizhou , Li Guang-Xing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
DR21(OH) ridge, the central part of a high-mass star- and cluster-forming hub-filament system, is resolved spatially and kinematically into three nearly parallel fibers (f1, f2, and f3) with a roughly north–south orientation, using the observations of molecular transitions of H13CO+ (1 − 0), N2H+ (1 − 0), and NH2D (11,1 − 10,1) with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy. These fibers are all mildly supersonic (σ velocity dispersions about 2 times the sound speed), having lengths around 2 pc and widths about 0.1 pc, and they entangle and conjoin in the south where the most active high-mass star formation takes place. They all have line masses 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than their low-mass counterparts and are gravitationally unstable both radially and axially. However, only f1 exhibits high-mass star formation all the way along the fiber, yet f2 and f3 show no signs of significant star formation in their northern parts. A large velocity gradient increasing from north to south is seen in f3, and can be well reproduced with a model of freefall motion toward the most massive and active dense core in the region, which corroborates the global collapse of the ridge and suggests that the disruptive effects of the tidal forces may explain the inefficiency of star formation in f2 and f3. On larger scales, some of the lower-density, peripheral filaments are likely to be the outer extensions of the fibers, and provide hints on the origin of the ridge.