bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II prospective study of hypofractionated proton therapy of prostate and pelvic lymph nodes: Acute effects on patient‐reported quality of life
Authors: Wong William W. , Hillman David W. , Daniels Thomas B. , Vargas Carlos E. , Rwigema Jean Claude , Corbin Kimberly S. , Keole Sameer R. , Merrell Kenneth W. , Stish Bradley J. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Davis Brian J. , Mitchell Cecilia M. , Choo Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to report acute changes in patient‐reported quality of life (PRQOL) using the 26‐item Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC‐26) questionnaire in a prospective study using hypofractionated intensity‐modulated proton beam therapy (H‐IMPT) targeting the prostate and the pelvic lymph nodes for high‐risk or unfavorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer.MethodsFifty‐five patients were enrolled. H‐IMPT consisted of 45 GyE to the pelvic lymph nodes and 67.5 GyE to the prostate and seminal vesicles in 25 fractions. PRQOL was assessed with the urinary incontinence (UI), urinary irritative/obstructive symptoms (UO), and bowel function (BF) domains of EPIC‐26 questionnaire. Mean changes in domain scores were analyzed from pretreatment to the end of treatment and 3 months posttreatment. A clinically meaningful change (or minimum important change) was defined as a score change > 50% of the baseline standard deviation.ResultsThe mean scores of UO, UI, and BF at baseline were 84.6, 91.1, and 95.3, respectively. At the end of treatment, there were statistically significant and clinically meaningful declines in UO and BF scores (−13.5 and −2.3, respectively), while the decline in UI score was statistically significant but not clinically meaningful (−13.7). A clinically meaningful decline in UO, UI, and BF scores occurred in 53.5%, 22.7%, and 73.2% of the patients, respectively. At 3 months posttreatment, all three mean scores showed an improvement, with fewer patients having a clinically meaningful decline in UO, UI, and BF scores (18.4%, 20.5%, and 45.0%, respectively). There was no significant reduction in the mean UO and UI scores compared to baseline, although the mean BF score remained lower than baseline and the difference was clinically meaningful.ConclusionsUO, UI, and BF scores of PRQOL declined at the end of H‐IMPT. UO and UI scores showed improvement at 3 months posttreatment and were similar to the baseline scores. However, BF score remained lower at 3 months posttreatment with a clinically meaningful decline.
Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality
Authors: Xu Yufan , Zhu Hongjia , Denduluri Akhila , Ou Yangteng , Erkamp Nadia A. , Qi Runzhang , Shen Yi , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid–liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
Vanadium Tetrasulfide for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Batteries: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Yao Kaitong , Wu Meng , Chen Dong , Liu Chuanbang , Xu Chen , Yang Donghua , Yao Honghu , Liu Lin , Zheng Yun , Rui Xianhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlkali metal‐ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs) and multivalent metal‐ion batteries (ZIBs, MIBs, and AIBs), among the next‐generation rechargeable batteries, are deemed appealing alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their cost competitiveness. Improving the electrochemical properties of electrode materials can greatly accelerate the pace of development in battery systems to cover the increasing demands of realistic applications. Vanadium tetrasulfide (VS4) is known as a prospective electrode material due to its unique one‐dimensional atomic chain structure with a large chain spacing, weak interactions between adjacent chains, and high sulfur content. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies and recent advances of VS4 as cathodes/anodes for rechargeable batteries. Meanwhile, we describe the structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of VS4. And we describe in detail its specific applications in batteries such as SIBs, PIBs, ZIBs, MIBs, and AIBs as well as modification strategies. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of VS4 in the domain of energy research are described.
A typology of Mexican highly educated immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States
Authors: Salamanca Elizabeth , Alcaraz Jorge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study develops a typology of highly educated Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs living in the United States (U.S.) based on their personal resources, motivations and social capital, and the U.S. institutional challenges they face. An exploratory qualitative analysis was conducted by examining 25 in‐depth interviews with Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs and opinion leaders in the United States. The results show that highly educated Mexican migrant entrepreneurs have different resources, motivations, and premigration conditions and face different institutional challenges. These differences give rise to six types of immigrants: “self‐made‐preneurs,” “expat‐preneurs,” “consolidated‐preneurs,” “stubborn millennials,” “runaway‐preneurs” and “avoider‐preneurs.” Previous studies have proposed a typology of high‐skilled migrants or have compared their profile with that of other migrants. However, a typology of highly educated migrant entrepreneurs or any systematic study on the unique institutional challenges they face does not exist.
Endoscopic sexing in turtles and tortoises: 467 cases (2007–2017)
Authors: Divers Stephen J. , Barbosa Amanda , Ellis Lauren E. , Innis Charles , Gibbons Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis multi‐institutional retrospective study evaluated the feasibility and safety of endoscopic sex identification in 467 turtles and tortoises, representing 10 species.MethodsMedical records of turtles and tortoises that underwent endoscopic sex identification at the University of Georgia, New England Aquarium and Turtle Conservancy were reviewed for presurgical management, anaesthesia, endoscopic equipment and surgical techniques, endoscopic results and complications.ResultsThe majority of animals weighed less than 200 g, were fasted and anaesthetised using an injectable combination of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and morphine or hydromorphone, supplemented by local lidocaine at the prefemoral site. Anaesthetic reversal using atipamezole alone or in combination with naloxone was routine. For uncomplicated procedures, mean total anaesthesia, surgery and recovery times were 22, 4 and 18 minutes, respectively. All animals were placed in lateral recumbency for a prefemoral endoscopic approach to the coelom using a rigid telescope and sterile fluid infusion to visualise the gonads. Sex identification was definitive in 99.4% (n = 464) of the animals. Iatrogenic bladder perforation was the most common complication (n = 5), which necessitated extended anaesthesia and surgical time for repair. Only a single anaesthetic‐related death was reported, which was associated with human error and drug overdose.ConclusionsThis is the first large‐scale study to retrospectively evaluate endoscopic sex identification in multiple chelonian species. Results suggest that endoscopic sexing is a safe, accurate and practical means for sex identification in turtles and tortoises, and represents a valuable tool in their reproductive management.
RE:PRODUKTION – das Planspiel zu Energieeffizienz bei Querschnittstechnologien
Authors: Grund Ernst , Gehrung Katja 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Planspiel RE:PRODUKTION (Abb. 8.1) wird spielerisch Wissen zum Thema energiebetriebene Querschnittstechnologien in der Produktion vermittelt. In dem Spiel werden für die Spieler zudem die Zusammenhänge und Wechselbeziehungen von Querschnittstechnologien sichtbar und es wird deutlich, wie wichtig das Einbeziehen aller Beschäftigten ist.Während des Spiels werden in Teams unterschiedliche Maßnahmen umgesetzt, welche die Energieeffizienz in der Produktion verbessern und damit CO2 reduzieren. Dabei lernen die Spieler Zusammenhänge zwischen ökologischen und ökonomischen Einsparpotenzialen besser kennen. Aufgrund der interaktiven Planspielgestaltung wird die Kommunikations- und Sozialkompetenz aller Spieler gestärkt. Durch das Planspiel werden die Spieler animiert, das vermittelte Wissen in den eigenen Unternehmensalltag zu übertragen.
Importance of vector leptoquark-scalar box diagrams in Pati-Salam unification with vector-like families
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Kawamura Junichiro , Okawa Shohei , Omura Yuji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study lepton flavor violation (LFV) induced by one-loop box diagrams in Pati-Salam (PS) unification with vector-like families. The vector leptoquark (LQ) associated with the PS gauge symmetry breaking generally causes various LFV processes such as KL → μe and μ → e conversion at the tree-level, thereby driving its mass scale to be higher than PeV scale. The vector-like families are introduced to suppress such tree-level LFV processes, allowing the LQ to have TeV scale mass. In this paper, we point out that there are inevitable one-loop contributions to those LFV processes from the box diagrams mediated by both one LQ and one scalar field, even if the tree-level contributions are suppressed. We consider a concrete model for demonstration, and show that the vector-like fermion masses have an upper bound for a given LQ mass when the one-loop induced processes are consistent with the experimental limits. The vector-like fermion mass should be lighter than 3 TeV for 20 TeV LQ, if a combination of the couplings does not suppress KL → μe decay. Our findings would illustrate importance of the box diagrams involving both LQ and physical modes of symmetry breaking scalars in TeV scale vector LQ models.
Analytic periods via twisted symmetric squares
Authors: Álvarez-García Rafael , Schlechter Lorenz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the symmetric square of Picard-Fuchs operators of genus one curves and the thereby induced generalized Clausen identities. This allows the computation of analytic expressions for the periods of all one-parameter K3 manifolds in terms of elliptic integrals. The resulting expressions are globally valid throughout the moduli space and allow the explicit inversion of the mirror map and the exact computation of distances, useful for checks of the Swampland Distance Conjecture. We comment on the generalization to multi-parameter models and provide a two-parameter example.
A Bulk Spectral Gap in the Presence of Edge States for a Truncated Pseudopotential
Authors: Warzel Simone , Young Amanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the low-energy properties of a truncated Haldane pseudopotential with maximal half filling, which describes a strongly correlated system of spinless bosons in a cylinder geometry. For this Hamiltonian with either open or periodic boundary conditions, we prove a spectral gap above the highly degenerate ground-state space which is uniform in the volume and particle number. Our proofs rely on identifying invariant subspaces to which we apply gap-estimate methods previously developed only for quantum spin Hamiltonians. In the case of open boundary conditions, the lower bound on the spectral gap accurately reflects the presence of edge states, which do not persist into the bulk. Customizing the gap technique to the invariant subspace, we avoid the edge states and establish a more precise estimate on the bulk gap in the case of periodic boundary conditions.
Prevalence and initiation of statin therapy in the oldest old—a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Sundvall Helena , Vitols Sigurd , Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Fastbom Johan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the prevalence and initiation of statins as well as treatment intensity in the oldest old, with younger olds as a reference.

Methods
A population-based cohort was used, including record-linked data from the Total Population Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and the Swedish Patient Register. In each year over the study period (2009–2015), statin use was described in individuals 85 years or older and 65–84 years of age, and initiation rates were calculated among individuals with no statin treatment during a preceding 3-year period.

Results
A total of 1,764,836 individuals ≥ 65 years in 2009, increasing to 2,022,764 in 2015, were included in the analyses. In individuals 85 years or older, the prevalence of statin therapy increased from 11% in 2009 to 16% in 2015, the corresponding initiation rates being 1.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Corresponding prevalence and incidence figures in 65–84-year-olds were 23 to 25% and 3.0 to 3.3%, respectively. Overall, the proportion of individuals initiating statin with high-intensity treatment (atorvastatin ≥ 40 mg or rosuvastatin ≥ 20 mg) in the oldest old increased from 1 to 36% during the study period, and a similar increase was seen in the younger age group. Over the study years, the presence of an established indication for statin treatment varied between 70 and 76% in the oldest old and between 30 and 39% in the younger olds.

Conclusion
Prevalence and initiation of statin therapy are increasing among the oldest old, despite the fact that randomized controlled trials focusing on this age group are lacking and safety signals are difficult to detect.
Can the 5‐item Modified Frailty Index Predict Outcomes in Geriatric Trauma? A National Database Study
Authors: Guiab Keren , Evans Teresa , Siddiqi Mahwash , Saadat Ghulam , Brigode William , Starr Frederic , Bokhari Faran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty results in increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes following trauma. We investigated the association between the 5‐item modified frailty index (mFI‐5) and outcomes in geriatric trauma patients.MethodsThe 2011–2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was used to study outcomes in patients ≥ 65 years old. The mFI‐5 was measured and categorized into no frailty (mFI‐5 = 0), moderate frailty (mFI‐5 = 0.2), and severe frailty (mFI‐5 ≥ 0.4). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors of mortality and complications.Results26,963 cases met the inclusion criteria, of whom 25.5% were not frail, 38% were moderately frail, and 36.6% were severely frail. Mean age (± SD) was 76 ± 7 years, 61.5% were male, and 97.8% sustained blunt injuries. Median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 17 (IQR = 10–26), and the median Glasgow Coma Scale was 15 (IQR = 12–15). Overall mortality was 30.6%. Factors independently associated with mortality were age (OR = 1.07 per year, 95%CI 1.06–1.07), blunt trauma (OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.19 –1.75), ISS (OR = 1.04 per unit increase in ISS, 95%CI 1.03–1.04), and severe frailty (OR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.15–1.32). Interestingly, male sex and GCS appeared to be protective factors with OR of 0.88 (95%CI 0.83 – 0.93) and 0.89 per point change in GCS (95%CI 0.88–0.9), respectively. Moderate (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.19–1.25) and severe frailty (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.–1.59) were significantly associated with in‐hospital complications.ConclusionModerate and severe frailty were significant predictors of complications. Only severe frailty was associated with short‐term mortality. The mFI‐5 can be used as an objective measure to stratify risks in geriatric trauma.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: evolving diagnostic perspectives
Authors: Cipriani Alberto , Mattesi Giulia , Bariani Riccardo , Cecere Annagrazia , Martini Nicolò , De Michieli Laura , Da Pozzo Stefano , Corradin Simone , De Conti Giorgio , Zorzi Alessandro , Motta Raffaella , De Lazzari Manuel , Bauce Barbara , Iliceto Sabino , Basso Cristina , Corrado Domenico , Perazzolo Marra Martina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetically determined heart muscle disease characterized by fibro-fatty myocardial replacement, clinically associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Originally described a disease with a prevalent right ventricular (RV) involvement, subsequently two other phenotypes have been recognized, such as the left dominant and the biventricular phenotypes, for which a recent International Expert consensus document provided upgrade diagnostic criteria (the 2020 “Padua Criteria”). In this novel workup for the diagnosis of the entire spectrum of phenotypic variants of ACM, including left ventricular (LV) variants, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as the cardiac imaging technique of choice, due to its capability of detailed morpho-functional and tissue characterization evaluation of both RV and LV. In this review, the key role of CMR in the diagnosis of ACM is outlined, including the supplemental value for the characterization of the disease variants. An ACM-specific CMR study protocol, as well as strengths and weaknesses of each imaging technique, is also provided.

Key Points
• Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy includes three different phenotypes: dominant right, biventricular, and dominant left.
• In 2020, diagnostic criteria have been updated and cardiac magnetic resonance has emerged as the cardiac imaging technique of choice.
• This aim of this review is to provide an update of the current state of art regarding the use of CMR in ACM, with a particular focus on novel diagnostic criteria, CMR protocols, and prognostic significance of CMR findings in ACM.
Rheological design of thickened alcohol-based hand rubs
Authors: Silva Andreia F , Wood Tiffany A , Hodgson Daniel J M , Royer John R , Thijssen Job H J , Lips Alex , Poon Wilson C K 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe handleability and sensory perception of hand sanitisers by consumers affect the hygiene outcome. Spillage may result in under-dosing and poor sensory properties can lead to under-utilisation. We first propose four principles (low runoff, spreadability, smoothness and non-stickiness) for designing the rheology of thickened alcohol-based hand rubs with acceptable handleability and hand feel. We then evaluate a commercial hand gel and a variety of simplified formulations thickened with microgels (Carbopol 974P, Carbopol Ultrez 20 and Sepimax Zen), or linear polymers (Jaguar HP 120 COS), and evaluate them against these design criteria. All four additives provide acceptable spreadability by shear thinning to $$\eta \approx {10^{-1}\,\mathrm{\text {Pa}\text { s}}}$$

η
≈

10

-
1

Pa s

at $$\dot{\gamma }\sim {10^3\,\mathrm{\text {s}^{-1}}}$$

γ
˙

∼

10
3

s

-
1

. Either the finite yield stress conferred by the microgels ($$\sigma _y \gtrsim {10\,\mathrm{\text {Pa}}}$$

σ
y

≳

10

Pa

) or the increase in low-shear viscosity provided by the linear polymer ($$\eta \gtrsim {1\,\mathrm{\text {Pa}\text { s}}}$$

η
≳

1

Pa s

at $$\dot{\gamma }\lesssim {0.1\,\mathrm{\text {s}^{-1}}}$$

γ
˙

≲

0.1

s

-
1

) give rise to acceptably low runoff. However, the formulation using the linear polymer shows a filament breakage time of $$\tau _\mathrm{b} \approx {1\,\mathrm{\text {s}}}$$

τ
b

≈

1

s

in capillary rheology, which may result in stickiness and therefore a less than optimal hand feel.
Consensus statements on complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer—technical steps and training implications
Authors: Tejedor Patricia , Francis Nader , Jayne David , Hohenberger Werner , Khan Jim ,   on behalf the CME Project Working Group,   on behalf the CME Consensus Steering Group (SG), Tejedor Patricia , Francis Nader , Jayne David , Hohenberger Werner , Khan Jim ,   on behalf the CME Consensus Project Working Group (PWG), Ahmed Anwar , Abraham-igwe Chukwuma , Evans Charles , Miskovic Danilo , Pfeffer Frank , Tulina Inna , Coffey John Calvin , Campbell Kenneth , Gómez-Ruiz Marcos , West Nicholas Paul , Shihab Oliver , Bianchi Paolo Pietro , Coyne Peter Edward , Tsarkov Petr , Varghese Philip , Motson Roger W. , Gerjy Roger , Tou Samson , Gill Talvinder Singh , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Ozben Volkan ,   on behalf the CME Consensus Expert Group, Arezzo Alberto , Stevenson Andrew R. L. , Lynch Andrew Craig , Min Byung Soh , Pastor Carlos , Bertelsen Claus Anders , Hahnloser Dieter , Ignjatovic Dejan , Spinoglio Giuseppe , Kessler Hermann , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Okabayashi Koji , Boni Luigi , Morino Mario , Leitz Michael R. , Crolla Rogier M. P. H. , Croner Roland S. , Kim Seon Hahn , Efetov Sergey K. , Benz Stefan R. , Niebisch Stefan , Panis Yves , Hiller Wolfgang F. A. , Bemelman Willem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
CME is a radical resection for colon cancer, but the procedure is technically demanding with significant variation in its practice. A standardised approach to the optimal technique and training is, therefore, desirable to minimise technical hazards and facilitate safe dissemination. The aim is to develop an expert consensus on the optimal technique for Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME) for right-sided and transverse colon cancer to guide safe implementation and training pathways.

Methods
Guidance was developed following a modified Delphi process to draw consensus from 55 international experts in CME and surgical education representing 18 countries. Domain topics were formulated and subdivided into questions pertinent to different aspects of CME practice. A three-round Delphi voting on 25 statements based on the specific questions and 70% agreement was considered as consensus.

Results
Twenty-three recommendations for CME procedure were agreed on, describing the technique and optimal training pathway. CME is recommended as the standard of care resection for locally advanced colon cancer. The essential components are central vascular ligation, exposure of the superior mesenteric vein and excision of an intact mesocolon. Key anatomical landmarks to perform a safe CME dissection include identification of the ileocolic pedicle, superior mesenteric vein and root of the mesocolon. A proficiency-based multimodal training curriculum for CME was proposed including a formal proctorship programme.

Conclusions
Consensus on standardisation of technique and training framework for complete mesocolic excision was agreed upon by a panel of experts to guide current practice and provide a quality control framework for future studies.