bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[Nb@Ge13/14]3−: New Family Members of Ge‐Based Intermetalloid Clusters
Authors: Huang Ya‐Shan , Xue Yuan , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Popov Ivan A. , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the past two decades, single‐atom‐centered medium‐sized germanium clusters [M@Gen] (M=transition metals, n>12) have been extensively explored, both from theoretical perspectives and experimental gas‐phase syntheses. However, the actual structural arrangements of the Ge13 and Ge14 endohedral cages are still ambiguous and have long remained an unresolved problem for experimental implementation. In this work, we successfully synthesize 13‐/14‐vertex Ge clusters [Nb@Ge13]3− (1) and [Nb@Ge14]3− (2), which are structurally characterized and exhibit unprecedented topologies, neither classical deltahedra nor 3‐connected polyhedral structures. Theoretical analysis indicates that the major stabilization of the Ge backbones arises due to the substantial interaction of Ge 4p‐AOs with the endohedral Nb 4d‐AOs through three/four‐center two‐electron bonds with an enhanced electron density accumulated over the shortest Nb−Ge13 contact in 1. Low occupancies of the direct two‐center two‐electron (2c–2e) Nb−Ge and Ge−Ge σ bonds point to a considerable degree of electron delocalization over the Ge cages revealing their electron deficiency.
Multigram Synthesis of a Combustion‐Relevant δ‐Ketohydroperoxide through Sulfonylhydrazine Substitution
Authors: Ke Yan‐Ting , Gall Bradley K. , Dewey Nicholas S. , Rotavera Brandon , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA synthesis of a δ‐ketohydroperoxide is described, addressing potential functional‐group compatibilities in these elusive species relevant to combustion and atmospheric chemistries. The hydroperoxide is installed via sulfonylhydrazine substitution, which was found to be more effective than displacement of secondary halides. As part of this protocol, it was observed that 1,2‐dimethoxyethane is an advantageous medium for the reaction, avoiding the formation of a tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide side product. This discovery facilitated the multigram synthesis (6 steps, 41 % yield overall) and discrete characterization of the target δ‐ketohydroperoxide.
A Vicinal Diol Approach for the Total Synthesis of Molestin E, ent‐Sinulacembranolide A and ent‐Sinumaximol A
Authors: Hoff Oskar , Kratena Nicolas , Aynetdinova Daniya , Christensen Kirsten E. , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work an approach for the synthesis of furanocembranoid natural products containing the C‐7,8‐diol moiety is disclosed. This culminated in the first total synthesis of the natural product molestin E, together with ent‐sinulacembranolide A and ent‐sinumaximol A as well as a thorough exploration of their chemistry. Late‐stage ring‐closure of the C‐7,8‐diols to the corresponding epoxides was also demonstrated. Key features of this synthetic strategy include a stereoselective Baylis‐Hillman reaction, ring‐closing metathesis and Shiina macrolactonisation. Chiral‐pool materials were deployed to ensure the desired absolute stereochemistry which was confirmed by late‐stage single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Bypass control of heat exchanger network under uncertainty
Authors: Manchikatla Chaitanya , Li Zukui , Huang Biao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dynamic control of the heat exchanger network is important for developing energy‐efficient and safe industrial processes. In such a system, the control is achieved through the bypass stream around the heat exchanger. This work aims to track the setpoint temperature of the mixed stream by manipulating the bypass fraction of the cold stream around the heat exchanger. The implemented control is in a non‐linear model predictive control (NMPC) framework. The first‐principles model of a shell and a tube heat exchanger is used. The orthogonal collocation technique is used to discretize the first‐principles model into the system of algebraic equations. In this work, uncertainty is also considered in the inlet temperature of the hot stream. The uncertain optimal control problem is dealt with by using a scenario tree‐based approximation along with the affine policy‐based method. The results show that, under different scenarios of uncertainty, the controlled variable efficiently tracks the setpoint. In comparison, considering the same scenarios of uncertainty used, the deterministic optimization approach shows significant deviation in the controlled variable from the setpoint as time passes.
Utilization of Oil Red O staining for assessing aspiration risk in lung transplant patients: A multidisciplinary prospective study with clinical practice insights
Authors: Torous Vanda F. , Basler Debra , McEnery Caroline , Astor Todd , Ly Amy 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease with microaspiration has been associated with graft dysfunction in lung transplant patients. Identifying patients with aspiration is clinically important because it enables implementation of appropriate interventions like antireflux therapy. Oil Red O (ORO) staining with determination of the lipid‐laden macrophage index (LLMI) has been proposed as a noninvasive surrogate marker in the detection of aspiration. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate clinical utilization of ORO staining in the assessment of aspiration risk.MethodsAll transbronchial surgical pathology biopsies obtained in lung transplant patients undergoing routine surveillance from August 2020 through November 2021 were included in this study. Clinical team members prospectively ascertained the aspiration risk category (ARC) of each patient both before and after biopsy findings and recorded reasons for change in ARC.ResultsA total of 132 transbronchial biopsies with concurrent LLMI were included in the study. LLMI was low in 51 cases (38.6%), including 21 of the 54 cases (38.9%) where aspiration was suggested based on the transbronchial biopsy findings. In total, 19 cases (14.4%) underwent a change in ARC post‐biopsy including 10 that were upgraded and nine cases that were downgraded. Transbronchial biopsy findings were noted as the reason for change in ARC in the majority (15/19; 79%) of cases; only a minority (2/19; 10.5%) were due to the LLMI. Notably, 16 cases (12.1%) had a low LLMI with high‐risk post‐biopsy ARC and nine cases (6.8%) had a high LLMI with low‐risk post‐biopsy ARC.ConclusionsThis study observed that clinical evaluation for aspiration relied more heavily on transbronchial biopsy findings. Although LLMI may retain clinical utility in some scenarios, reevaluation of the clinical value of ORO testing would be prudent.
Laser Photoreduction of Graphene Aerogel Microfibers: Dynamic Electrical and Thermal Behaviors
Authors: Hunter Nicholas , Karamati Amin , Xie Yangsu , Lin Huan , Wang Xinwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work reports the dynamic behaviors of graphene aerogel (GA) microfibers during and after continuous wave (CW) laser photoreduction. The reduction results in one‐order of magnitude increase in the electrical conductivity. The experimental results reveal the exact mechanisms of photoreduction as it occurs: immediate photochemical removal of oxygen functional groups causing a sharp decrease in electrical resistance and subsequent laser heating that facilitates thermal rearrangement of GO sheets towards more graphene‐like domains. X‐ray and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirm that photoreduction removes virtually all oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups. Interestingly, a dynamic period immediately following the end of laser exposure shows a slow, gradual increase in electrical resistance, suggesting that a proportion of the electrical conductivity enhancement from photoreduction is not permanent. A two‐part experiment monitoring the resistance changes in real‐time before and after photoreduction is conducted to investigate this critical period. The thermal diffusivity evolution of the microfiber is tracked and shows an improvement of 277 % after all photoreduction experiments. A strong linear coherency between thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity is also uncovered. This is the first known work to explore both the dynamic electrical and thermal evolution of a GO‐based aerogel during and after photoreduction.
How does multi‐agent govern corporate greenwashing? A stakeholder engagement perspective from “common” to “collaborative” governance
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Ziyuan , Zhu Weixing , Ma Lin , Dong Yuting , Sun Xiao , Wu Fengzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGreenwashing is an obstacle to the sustainable development of society, but the current governance of greenwashing is still a “common” governance, not a “collaborative” governance. Accordingly, this study focuses on the three stakeholders of greenwashing governance: company, media and government. Using a sample of listed companies that have published social responsibility reports from 2014 to 2018, this study analyzes the influence mechanism of media reports on greenwashing and discusses the moderating role of government regulation and mediating role of internal supervision. This study finds that internal supervision plays a hiding role in the process of media reports reducing greenwashing, but government regulation has a weakening effect on this hiding effect, showing a “common” governance. Simultaneously, this “common” governance is heterogeneous across time (i.e., corporate life cycle), space (i.e., spatial spillovers) and environment (i.e., the uncertainty of corporate external policies). However, when the cooperation between the government and the media is strengthened, the hiding behavior of the companies is suppressed and the performance of greenwashing governance is improved, so that “collaborative” governance is achieved. Against this backdrop, this study provides a macro‐to‐micro governance policy framework for corporate greenwashing from the four dimensions of strategy, systems, tools, and information to achieve “collaborative” governance. This study enriches the research on the corporate greenwashing governance and has practical implications for the government, media and other stakeholders.
Raciolinguistic policy assemblages and white supremacy in teacher education
Authors: Cushing Ian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRaciolinguistic ideologies are sets of beliefs about language which frame racialised communities as displaying linguistic deficiencies which require remediation. These ideologies are tethered to European colonialism and white supremacist logics which have long been normalised and actively written into teacher education policy in England. In this article I argue that raciolinguistic ideologies are integral to the contemporary, state‐crafted policy assemblage that pre‐service teachers and teacher educators must navigate, including the Teachers' Standards, the Core Content Framework and various documents produced by Ofsted, the schools inspectorate. I argue that this policy assemblage represents a form of hostile governance which is attempting to derail and curtail anti‐racist efforts. I show how raciolinguistic ideologies surface under guises of career advancement, pedagogical excellence, scientific objectivity, research validity and social justice. These guises operate to coerce pre‐service teachers and teacher educators to reproduce raciolinguistic ideologies in their own practice, reduce professional agency and place responsibility on low‐income and racialised communities to modify their language towards idealised whiteness. The article ends with some proposals for how teacher educators might find cracks in this oppressive system, in locating spaces for resistance which seek to undo harmful and colonial ideologies about language in the struggle against white supremacy.
Prediabetes and osteoporotic fracture risk: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Ji Songjie , Jiang Xu , Han Huijun , Wang Cong , Wang Chao , Yang Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes confers an increased risk of fracture. However, whether prediabetes is also a risk factor of osteoporotic fracture has not been comprehensively examined. We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the relationship between prediabetes and osteoporotic fracture risk.MethodsThis meta‐analysis included relevant prospective cohort studies from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random‐effect model after incorporation of the intra‐study heterogeneity was selected to pool the results. Subgroup analyses were applied to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on relationship between prediabetes and osteoporotic fracture risk.ResultsEight studies including 33,136 community dwelling adult patients were included, and 7429 (22.4%) patients were prediabetic. Prediabetes was not independently associated with a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture compared with normoglycemia (adjusted risk ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.21, P = 0.69, I2 = 42%). Sensitivity limited to the elderly population showed consistent results (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.91–1.24, P = 0.15, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis suggested that prediabetes defined by HbA1c (approximately 5.7%–6.4%) was associated with a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.53, P = 0.04), but not that defined by impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (P = 0.60). Sex, follow‐up duration, and adjustment of bone mineral density did not significantly affect the outcome.ConclusionsCurrent evidence does not support that prediabetes is independently associated with osteoporotic fracture risk. Different definitions of prediabetes may affect the association between prediabetes and osteoporotic fracture risk.
Discrepancies between validated GC‐FID and UHPLC‐DAD methods for the analysis of Δ‐9‐THC and CBD in dried hemp flowers
Authors: Duchateau Céline , De Leersnijder Cedric , Barhdadi Sophia , Canfyn Michaël , De Braekeleer Kris , Deconinck Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerbal products for smoking containing cannabidiol (CBD) are available as “low‐tetrahydrocannabinol cannabis products” in most EU countries. In Belgium, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of these products must be less than 0.2% w/w, which is also the limit for agricultural hemp. For agricultural hemp, the official and only valid method for European regulators is gas‐chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC‐FID). There is no such method, for smoking products. Many of these herbal for smoking products are analyzed as part of their quality control and have certificate of analysis. During surveillance by official labs, discrepancies were seen between the official results and the certificate of analysis. In this study, a GC‐FID method based on the European method and an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (UHPLC‐DAD) method were validated and applied for samples analysis in order to investigate these discrepancies. The GC‐FID method shows better results for the validation parameters; notably, it has β‐expectation tolerance limits within 10% with a β value of 95% while the validated UHPLC‐DAD method has β‐expectation tolerance limits within 15% with a β value of 90%. Furthermore, the other parameters evaluated are generally better with the GC‐FID method. The statistic t test shows that the difference between both methods was significantly different for total‐THC, but not significantly different for the total‐CBD. The authors state that, as for agricultural hemp, the GC‐FID method is to be preferred for the analysis of THC and CBD in products for smoking.
Detectability of oxandrolone, metandienone, clostebol and dehydrochloromethyltestosterone in urine after transdermal application
Authors: Gessner Lina , Thevis Mario , Rothschild Markus Alexander , Jübner Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSituations of both, intentional and inadvertent or accidental doping, necessitate consideration in today's doping controls, especially in the light of the substantial consequences that athletes are facing in case of so‐called adverse analytical findings. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether a transdermal uptake of doping substances would be possible. In addition to the period of detectability of the particular substances or respective characteristic metabolites, the possibility of deducing the route of administration by metabolite patterns was also assessed. Twelve male subjects were included in the study. Four common anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide to facilitate transdermal administration on different skin regions. One half of the test persons received only oxandrolone (17α‐methyl‐2‐oxa‐4,5α‐dihydrotestosterone), and the other half were applied a mixture of oxandrolone, metandienone (17β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methylandrosta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one), clostebol (4‐chlorotestosterone‐17β‐acetate) and dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT). Urine samples were collected 1 h, 6 h and one sample per day for the next 14 consecutive days. Measurements were conducted on a tandem‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) or tandem‐liquid chromatography–MS/MS (LC‐MS/MS) system. Substance findings were obtained at least 1 day after application on nearly all skin locations. The results indicated inter‐individual variability in detection windows, also varying between the different analytes and possible impact of skin location and skin thickness, respectively. Nevertheless, a rapid and rather long detectability of all substances (or respective metabolites) was given, in some cases within hours after administration and for up to 10–14 days. Hence, the transdermal application or exposure to the investigated AAS is a plausible scenario that warrants consideration in anti‐doping.
Clinical impacts of sacubitril/valsartan on patients eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Ti , Huang Jin‐Long , Lin Po‐Lin , Lee Ying‐Hsiang , Hsu Chien‐Yi , Chung Fa‐Po , Liao Chia‐Te , Chiou Wei‐Ru , Lin Wen‐Yu , Liang Huai‐Wen , Chang Hung‐Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsSacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) has been used in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) could benefit the HFrEF patients with wide QRS durations. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impacts of SAC/VAL on reverse cardiac remodelling in CRT‐eligible and CRT‐ineligible HFrEF patients with different QRS durations.Methods and resultsThe TAROT‐HF study was a multicentre, observational study enrolling patients who initiated SAC/VAL from 10 hospitals since 2017. Patients with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% were classified into two groups: (i) Group 1: CRT‐eligible group, patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology plus QRS duration ≥130 ms or non‐LBBB morphology plus QRS duration ≥150 ms; and (ii) Group 2: CRT‐ineligible group. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounders, and 1168 patients were analysed. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The improvements in LVEF and left ventricular end‐systolic volume index (LVESVi) were more significant in Group 2 than in Group 1 after 1 year SAC/VAL treatment (LVEF: 8.4% ± 11.3% vs. 4.5% ± 8.1%, P < 0.001; change percentages in LVESVi: −14.4% ± 25.9% vs. −9.6% ± 23.1%, P = 0.004). LVEF improving to ≥50% in Groups 1 and 2 constituted 5.2% and 20.2% after 1 year SAC/VAL treatment (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that wide QRS durations were negatively associated with the reverse cardiac remodelling in these HFrEF patients with SAC/VAL treatment.ConclusionDespite SAC/VAL treatment, wide QRS durations are associated with lower degrees of left ventricular improvement than narrow ones in the HFrEF patients. Optimal intervention timing for the CRT‐eligible patients requires further investigation.
A review on characterization of supercapacitors and its efficiency analysis for different charging methods and applications
Authors: Pattnaik S. , Kumar M. R. , Mishra S. K. , Gautam S. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dependence on renewable energy to solve the major energy issues related to global warming and shortage of energy resources is increasing drastically. This has led to high level awareness of proper energy storage and management. In this regard, supercapacitors have evolved as an efficient energy storage solution and hence successfully employed in several applications. This is attributed to its high‐power density, superior performance, and extended maintenance‐free lifetime. Also, it is known for low equivalent series resistance, that means, only a small amount of energy is lost while its charging/discharging even at high current. As a result, it has developed a lot of inquisitiveness among the research community of recent past for further exploration of different aspects of supercapacitors, ranging from material science, modeling and characterizations, engineering applications, and so forth. This review article aims at putting forth an exclusive study of their characterization of supercapacitor for different charging methods and applications. Further, the prime focus is given to the efficiency estimation of supercapacitors which is very essential as it denotes the amount of energy loss or the utilizable state of charge. The analysis has been carried out based on different charging methods and applications, which is essential for improving overall system reliability and performance. The purpose is to organize all important research carried out in this domain till date and to stimulate further insights for effective energy storage and management.
Effect of slopes on rainfall interception by leaf litter under simulated rainfall conditions
Authors: Zhao Longshan , Meng Ping , Zhang Jinsong , Zhang Jinxin , Sun Shoujia , He Chunxia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRainfall interception is one of the main hydrological functions of leaf litter. However, the effect of slope on the interception capacity of leaf litter has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to determine the capacities of leaf litters to intercept rainwater under different slopes (i.e., flat ground at 0° and inclined slopes at 5°, 15°, 25° and 35°) and to analyse the ways in which the slope affects the interception capacity of leaf litter. Under a simulated rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h, litter flows (i.e., infiltration flow, slope flow and lateral flow) through three types of leaf litter (i.e., Pinus massoniana needleleaves and Osmanthus fragrans and Magnolia grandiflora broadleaves) were measured. The leaf litter biomass per unit area was 0.5 kg/m2 in the experimental box, and the interception capacity was calculated using the difference between rainfall and litter flow. The results show that the interception capacity of broadleaves was greater than that of needleleaves. The effect of slope was more pronounced than that of leaf shape because the rainwater stored on the leaf surfaces contributed to the generation of litter flow as the slope increased. The rainfall amount intercepted by each leaf litter decreased with increasing slope, and changes in the proportion of rainfall interception by leaf litter with increasing rainfall duration can be described by an exponential function (R2 > 0.80, p < 0.001). The maximum dynamic interception capacity (Cmax) and effective interception capacity (Cmin) of the three leaf litter types decreased as the slope increased. Statistical analyses show that 15° is a critical slope threshold that influences rainfall interception by leaf litter and litter flow. When the slope was greater than 15°, leaf litter interception capacities significantly decreased and the level of litter flow significantly increased. Therefore, slope affects the interception capacity of leaf litter and this impact should be considered in the estimation of litter interception storage on an inclined slope.