bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Cause of Biliary Peritonitis on the Background of Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Symeonidis Dimitrios , Bompou Efrosyni , Samara Athina A. , Kissa Labrini , Tepetes Konstantinos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Acute pancreatitis can cause a wide variety of local complications, sometimes pretty unusual. In the present report, we present a rather unusual cause of biliary peritonitis on the background of acute pancreatitis.
Case Presentation A 41-year-old female patient with biliary acute pancreatitis and concomitant choledocholithiasis required an urgent laparotomy due to signs of sepsis and peritoneal irritation after a trial of conservative management. During laparotomy, the diagnosis of biliary peritonitis was established. Surprisingly, a residual gallstone obstructing the common bile duct at the level of the ampulla was causing bile to reflux, through the common channel, into the main pancreatic duct and subsequently into a partially ruptured acute pancreatic necrotic collection.
Conclusion Dealing with the unexpected is a constant challenge for the surgical team dealing with acute pancreatitis patients. Although deferring surgical intervention during the course of acute pancreatitis, as much as possible, is the ideal strategy, this is not always possible. Deciding the treatment strategy based on the patients' clinical condition represents the most appropriate approach.
The importance of citizenship for deserving COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Helbling Marc , Maxwell Rahsaan , Munzert Simon , Traunmüller Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmigrant non-citizens are often considered less deserving than citizens of welfare and other public services. The logic is that valuable and scarce public resources must be limited somehow, and the club of citizens is one way of drawing a boundary. In this paper, we examine how far that boundary extends, by analyzing the extent to which Germans prioritize citizens over non-citizens for access to life-saving healthcare. We implement a conjoint experiment to elicit preferences in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected between April 2020 and March 2021, in 23 waves of an online rolling cross-sectional survey with roughly 17,000 respondents. Our main finding is that citizens are viewed as more deserving of healthcare than non-citizen immigrants, a relationship that is sizeable and robust. Our findings have implications for debates about social boundaries and how to allocate resources in Western Europe.
Electronic and optical characterization of bulk single crystals of cubic boron nitride (cBN)
Authors: Milas Peker , Mathab Sheikh , Sam Abraham John Bishoy , Alam Jahangir , Chandrashekar M. V. S. , Robinson Adam J. , Vora Patrick M. , Ozturk Birol , Spencer Michael G. 
Published: September 2022

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a relatively less studied wide bandgap semiconductor despite its many promising mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. We report on the electronic, structural, and optical characterization of commercial cBN crystal platelets. Temperature dependent transport measurements revealed the charge limited diode behavior of the cBN crystals. The equilibrium Fermi level was determined to be 0.47 eV below the conduction band, and the electron conduction was identified as n-type. Unirradiated dark and amber colored cBN crystals displayed broad photoluminescence emission peaks centered around different wavelengths. RC series zero phonon line defect emission peaks were observed at room temperature from the electron beam irradiated and oxygen ion implanted cBN crystals, making this material a promising candidate for high power microwave devices, next generation power electronics, and future quantum sensing applications.
Acceleration of hollow carbon nanospheres by gas leakage: An efficient nanomotor
Authors: Dong Yi , Li Yu , Guo Zheng-Rong , Jiang Jin-Wu 
Published: September 2022

Nanomotors serve as nanoscale engines by converting various energies into mechanical energy. In addition to the huge number of existing nanomotors, we propose a simple nanomotor based on the hollow carbon nanosphere (i.e., fullerene) that is full of gas. We investigate the acceleration of the nanosphere by leakage of gas through a nanopore by molecular dynamics simulations. The nanosphere can be driven to a high speed of 100 m/s under proper simulation conditions, which can be further tuned by temperature, gas density, and pore diameter. We observe rotation of the pore direction during the acceleration process for a nanosphere of different pore diameters. The acceleration process can be well described by the Meshchersky theory. We also simulate the deceleration process of the nanosphere due to the damping force of the gas, which can be analyzed in terms of the kinetic motion of gas molecules. The nanomotor proposed in this work shall be realizable in experiments and may be useful in driving the mechanic motion of fullerenes.
Time-dependent acceleration detection based on phononic sidebands in coupled electromechanical resonators
Authors: Liu Shaopeng , Cheng Renxiang , Qi Zhipeng , Li Ying , Liu Bo , Yang Wen-Xing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An efficient route for detecting time-dependent acceleration (TDA) is performed by employing electromechanically induced phononic sidebands in coupled frequency-mismatched electromechanical resonators. Based on the effects of difference frequency mixing and cascaded phonon-scattering in the electromechanical system, the nonlinear responses of normal and anomalous phononic sidebands are generated and enhanced in the strong inter-modal coupling regime. In the detection scheme, the information of TDA can be delivered to the spectral responses of acceleration-induced sidebands (AISs) since there is the piezoelectric coupling between the electromechanical resonators and a test mass that perceives external acceleration. Additionally, the amplitude of TDA could be separately detected by observing the amplitude variation of AISs, while the variation period of TDA could be read by monitoring the frequency of the prominent peak in the AIS signals. The distinctive nature of the electromechanical system in the environment of the cryogenic cooling enables an acceleration resolution of 12 µg (g = 9.8 m s−2) and a frequency resolution of 0.06 Hz.
The use of the IAEA MARIS database in determining the variability of sediment distribution coefficients in the marine environment and potential implications for marine dispersion modelling
Authors: Kelleher Kevin , McGinnity Paul , Howard Brenda J , Boyer Patrick , Vidal Miquel , Bildstein Olivier M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A prototype tool has been developed for deriving sediment distribution coefficients, K
d, in the marine environment by harvesting simultaneous measurements of activity concentrations of radionuclides in seawater and sediments based on the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Marine Radioactivity Information System (MARIS). As a case study, the K
d variability in the Baltic Sea was investigated as this region has been extensively monitored by HELCOM since 1984 resulting in a comprehensive dataset with good spatial and temporal coverage and required ancillary parameters. The prototype tool was used to derive a dataset of in-situ apparent K
d(a) values derived from measurements of seawater and sediment in quasi-equilibrium conditions from the Baltic Sea over a period of approximately 35 years. For Cs, a comprehensive analysis of the Baltic Sea K
d(a) dataset was undertaken, focusing on the temporal trend of K
d(a) and comparing the results to K
d values derived elsewhere. For Sr and Pu, for which there were fewer data records available a more rudimentary analysis was carried out. The Cs K
d(a) median values derived from 137Cs data in this study were estimated to be 2154 l kg−1 for seabed sediment and 10 000 l kg−1 for suspended sediment. The value derived for seabed sediment is in good agreement with the previously recommended ocean margin Cs K
d value of 4000 l kg−1. The analysis demonstrated the important distinction in the Baltic Sea between K
d values for seabed sediment and suspended sediments, which differed by an order of magnitude. The analysis also highlighted the dependence of K
d values on the variation in both the salinity of seawater and the type of seabed sediment. Such variability can significantly influence outcomes when modelling the behaviour of radionuclides in marine dispersion modelling.
Machine learning-driven performance-based seismic design of hybrid self-centering braced frames with SMA braces and viscous dampers
Authors: Hu Shuling , Qiu Canxing , Zhu Songye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A hybrid self-centering braced frame equipped with shape memory alloy-based self-centering braces (SMA-SCBs) and viscous dampers is proposed to achieve enhanced seismic performance. Based on the proposed hybrid strategy combining the contributions of SMA-SCBs and viscous dampers, this paper investigates the advantages of such hybrid self-centering braced frames in achieving the desired maximum inter-story drift under a considered seismic intensity. To this end, the influence of design parameters of SMA-SCBs and viscous dampers on hybrid self-centering braced frames is examined through parametric dynamic analyses of equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems. The analysis results indicate that the post-yield stiffness ratio α and energy dissipation factor β of SMA-SCB, and the contribution of viscous damper show significant influence on the peak displacement responses of hybrid self-centering braced frames. The constant inelastic displacement ratio prediction model for hybrid self-centering braced frames is developed using machine learning algorithms. A performance-based seismic design method is subsequently proposed for the hybrid self-centering braced frames to achieve the target displacement responses based on the developed machine learning models. Two hybrid self-centering braced frames are designed based on the proposed design method. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the designed structures. To highlight the advantages of the hybrid self-centering braced frames, another six-story self-centering braced frame with SMA-SCBs only is also studied in this paper. The analysis results indicate that all the designed hybrid self-centering braced frames can achieve the desired performance objective. Compared to the self-centering braced frame with SMA-SCBs only, the hybrid self-centering braced frames can achieve much smaller base shear demand and absolute floor acceleration responses.
Investigation into a conductive artificial muscle based on sodium alginate/cellulose with good response characteristics
Authors: Jia Weikun , Wang Lan , Fang Fujian , Xu Yan , Zhao Gang , Ma Xueyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Artificial muscle is a research topic that combines new driving methods, intelligent materials and bionics. To overcome the weaknesses of the electric actuator made of bio-gel materials, e.g. poor driving effect and short working life, the working mechanism of artificial muscle based on sodium alginate/cellulose (SCAM) and how to improve its performance have explored in this study. First of all, the basic process of preparing conductive artificial muscle with sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the main materials were defined. Secondly, the addition amount of CMC was optimized based on parameters such as the single-cycle output force, working life and curvature. Thirdly, the electrochemical and microscopic testing methods were applied to expound the internal reaction mechanism of improving the response characteristics of samples based on the FITR. The results show that the addition of CMC enables SCAM to have better response characteristics in the electric field, which is applicable to the practical application of flexible machinery and bio-gel artificial muscle.
Fast and credible likelihood-free cosmology with truncated marginal neural ratio estimation
Authors: Cole Alex , Miller Benjamin K. , Witte Samuel J. , Cai Maxwell X. , Grootes Meiert W. , Nattino Francesco , Weniger Christoph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sampling-based inference techniques are central to modern cosmological data analysis; these methods, however, scale poorly with dimensionality and typically require approximate or intractable likelihoods.
In this paper we describe how Truncated Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation (tmnre) (a new approach in so-called
simulation-based inference) naturally evades these issues, improving the (i) efficiency, (ii) scalability, and (iii) trustworthiness of the inference. Using measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), we show that tmnre can achieve converged posteriors using orders of magnitude fewer simulator calls than conventional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (mcmc) methods. Remarkably, in these examples the required number of samples is effectively independent of the number of nuisance parameters. In addition, a property called local amortization allows the performance of rigorous statistical consistency checks that are not accessible to sampling-based methods. tmnre promises to become a powerful tool for cosmological data analysis, particularly in the context of extended cosmologies, where the timescale required for conventional sampling-based inference methods to converge can greatly exceed that of simple cosmological models such as ΛCDM. To perform these computations, we use an implementation of tmnre via the open-source code swyft.[swyft is available at https://github.com/undark-lab/swyft. Demonstration on cosmological simulators used in this paper is available at https://github.com/a-e-cole/swyft-CMB.]
Neutrino masses and mass hierarchy: evidence for the normal hierarchy
Authors: Jimenez Raul , Pena-Garay Carlos , Short Kathleen , Simpson Fergus , Verde Licia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The latest cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses, in combination with the latest laboratory measurements on oscillations, provide “decisive” Bayesian evidence for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. We show that this result holds across very different prior alternatives by exploring two extremes on the range of prior choices. In fact, while the specific numerical value for the Evidence depends on the choice of prior, the Bayesian odds remain greater than 140:1 across very different prior choices. For Majorana neutrinos this has important implications for the upper limit of the neutrino-less double beta decay half life and thus for the technology and resources needed for future double beta decay experiments.
Open-source tool for battery module simulation and design
Authors: Perez Estevez Manuel Antonio , Renzi Massimiliano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electric and hybrid vehicles are two of the most promising solutions to meet the new emission requirements of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is their most critical component in terms of performance. Therefore, battery modeling plays an important role for designing and controlling battery modules. Up to now, the design of battery modules is conditioned by the use of expensive tools that involve long simulation times; in response to this, the present work introduces an open-source tool developed in Python to study the performance of battery modules and contribute to their design. To show the scope and use of the tool, a theoretical case study is presented. In particular, the effect of slight differences in cells behavior, due to manufacturing process or aging, is shown at the module level. A SOC difference of 2.5%, due to current imbalances, was obtained among the cells after discharge for a small battery module with new cells. This result points out the importance of accurate and fast module models to correctly predict the remaining travel range and the need for an online parameters identification procedure. In addition, the temperature distribution in the module along with the heat generated by the cells, also estimated by the tool, can be used for proper design and control of the battery cooling system.
Intelligent parking platform based on huawei soft ker cloud
Authors: Lei Guowei , Zhang Jialiang , Mo Yongtian , Liao Wenliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, parking problem in urban cities has getting more and more urgent. Most of the problems are mainly due to the information share and management. In the work, we develop a cloud platform based on Huawei soft Ker cloud. On the cloud platform, we build a new smart parking platform, and implement methods, programs, and simulation test system for design and debugging. The functions of license plate recognition, car search and navigation, payment, parking lot search, intelligent parking are implemented in the platform through code debugging.
“Seeing” the Invisible: Under Vehicle Reconstruction (UVR) for Surround View Visualization
Authors: Hu Feng , Yu Shuping , Zhou Wenjia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Providing blind-spot-free vehicle surround view to the driver is important for many driving maneuvers such as parking. Existing vehicle Surround View System (SVS) can only visualize front, left, rear and right side of the vehicle but leaves the under vehicle area unknown. However, perceiving the under vehicle area is critical for many tasks such as passing through speed bumps, avoiding potholes, driving on narrow roads with high curbs or the unpaved terrain. In this paper, we propose a novel Under Vehicle Reconstruction (UVR) algorithm which utilizes what the vehicle sees in the past and vehicle egomotion to “see” through the original invisible under vehicle area. First, front or back fisheye cameras, are utilized to build a local textured map for future usage. Second, vehicle’s precise location and orientation within the local map is estimated using the vehicle egomotion. Finally, correspondent under vehicle area texture is retrieved from the map using vehicle’s pose and stitched together with traditional Surround View System to provide a new blind-spot-free visualization. As far as we know, our work is the first solution that can provide full under vehicle area reconstruction which empowers many Advanced Driving Assistant System (ADAS) functionalities such as transparent hood or transparent vehicle. Experiments on both simulated and real data are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Development of the photo-diode subsystem for the HERD calorimeter double-readout
Authors: Adriani O. , Antonelli M. , Basti A. , Berti E. , Betti P. , Bigongiari G. , Bonechi L. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Bottai S. , Brogi P. , Castellini G. , Checchia C. , Casaus J. , Cui X. , Dong Y. , D'Alessandro R. , Detti S. , Giovacchini F. , Finetti N. , Maestro P. , Marrocchesi P.S. , Liu X. , Marin J. , Martinez G. , Mori N. , Pacini L. , Papini P. , Pizzolotto C. , Ricciarini S. , Spillantini P. , Starodubtsev O. , Stiaccini L. , Tang Z. , Tiberio A. , Vannuccini E. , Velasco M. , Wang R. , Wang Z. , Xu M. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. , Zhang L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The measurement of cosmic-ray individual spectra provides
unique information regarding the origin and propagation of
astro-particles. Due to the limited acceptance of current space
experiments, protons and nuclei around the “knee” region
(∼ 1 PeV) can only be observed by ground based
experiments. Thanks to an innovative design, the High Energy
cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility will allow direct
observation up to this energy region: the instrument is mainly based
on a 3D segmented, isotropic and homogeneous calorimeter which
properly measures the energy of particles coming from each direction
and it will be made of about 7500 LYSO cubic crystals. The read-out
of the scintillation light is done with two independent systems: the
first one based on wave-length shifting fibers coupled to
Intensified scientific CMOS cameras, the second one is made of two
photo-diodes with different active areas connected to a custom
front-end electronics. This photo-diode system is designed to
achieve a huge dynamic range, larger than 107, while having a
small power consumption, few mW per channel. Thanks to a good
signal-to-noise ratio, the capability of a proper calibration, by
using signals of both non-interacting and showering particles, is
also guaranteed. In this paper, the current design and the
performance obtained by several tests of the photo-diode read-out
system are discussed.
Optimal planar leg geometry in robots and crabs for idealized rocky terrain
Authors: Chen Yang , Clifton Glenna , Graf Nicole M , Durand Kayla , Taylor Jennifer , Gong Yifeng , Grezmak John E , Daltorio Kathryn A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Natural terrain is uneven so it may be beneficial to grasp onto the depressions or ‘valleys’ between obstacles when walking over such a surface. To examine how leg geometry influences walking across obstacles with valleys, we (1) modeled the performance of a two-linkage leg with parallel axis ‘hip’ and ‘knee’ joints to determine how relative segment lengths influence stepping across rocks of varying diameter, and (2) measured the walking limbs in two species of intertidal crabs, Hemigrapsus nudus and Pachygrapsus crassipes, which live on rocky shores and granular terrains. We idealized uneven terrains as adjacent rigid hemispherical ‘rocks’ with valleys between them and calculated kinematic factors such as workspace, limb angles with respect to the ground, and body configurations needed to step over rocks. We first find that the simulated foot tip radius relative to the rock radius is limited by friction and material failure. To enable force closure for grasping, and assuming that friction coefficients above 0.5 are unrealistic, the foot tip radius must be at least 10 times smaller than that of the rocks. However, ratios above 15 are at risk of fracture. Second, we find the theoretical optimal leg geometry for robots is, with the distal segment 0.63 of the total length, which enables the traversal of rocks with a diameter that is 37% of the total leg length. Surprisingly, the intertidal crabs’ walking limbs cluster around the same limb ratio of 0.63, showing deviations for limbs less specialized for walking. Our results can be applied broadly when designing segment lengths and foot shapes for legged robots on uneven terrain, as demonstrated here using a hexapod crab-inspired robot. Furthermore, these findings can inform our understanding of the evolutionary patterns in leg anatomy associated with adapting to rocky terrain.
Forest fires and impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on air quality in four Latin American megacities
Authors: Bonilla Jorge A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Latin America, as other regions in the world, imposed mobility restrictions to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Although recent research has analyzed the effect of mobility restrictions on air quality in several regions, a scarce literature explores the causal effects of the lockdowns in Latin America at a city scale whose results may guide local policymaking. This article, based on a quasi-experimental approach, estimates the causal short-term impacts of lockdowns on air quality considering the influence of forest fires on pollution in four megacities in Latin America (Bogotá, Mexico City, Santiago, and Sao Paulo). Results show that nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide consistently declined (from 16% to 68%), nevertheless, fine particles rarely decreased across cities. Only Bogotá exhibited an overall reduction in fine particles (45% for PM2.5). Mexico City obtained the lowest reduction in pollutants, whereas Bogotá outperformed other cities in several pollutants. Evidence from mobility statistics supports the decrease in air pollution by a reduction in driving, transit use, and other mobility indicators.