bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A species diversity dataset of beetles by three passive acquisition methods in Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong)
Authors: Zhao Shuzhe , Tong Yijie , Teng Bei , Chen Xin , Yang Xingke , Li Jing , Bai Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe based the dataset in this paper on the beetle collection from the sample site of Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong) from 1st May to 28th May 2019, a period of high insect diversity. A total of 16,270 beetles (photographed in 318 images) from 478 species belonging to 39 families were collected. The dataset consists of the following components: The original photo of the whole sample obtained at each site with each collection method, the morphological species identification chart, a statistical table describing the species and numbers of beetles collected on different dates at different sites using three passive acquisition methods, and a statistical table describing the longitude, latitude, and altitude information of each sampling point. We aimed to provide a database for the evaluation of beetle species diversity in Hong Kong and a paradigm for the effectiveness of passive acquisition in the beetle collection through the three representative methods, thus laying a foundation for biodiversity research.
Preceding propagation of turbulence pulses at avalanche events in a magnetically confined plasma
Authors: Kenmochi N. , Ida K. , Tokuzawa T. , Yasuhara R. , Funaba H. , Uehara H. , Den Hartog D. J. , Yamada I. , Yoshinuma M. , Takemura Y. , Igami H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe preceding propagation of turbulence pulses has been observed for the first time in heat avalanche events during the collapse of the electron internal transport barrier (e-ITB) in the Large Helical Device. The turbulence and heat pulses are generated near the foot of the e-ITB and propagate to the peripheral region within a much shorter time than the diffusion timescale. The propagation speed of the turbulence pulse is approximately 10 km/s, which is faster than that of the heat pulse propagating at a speed of 1.5 km/s. The heat pulse propagates at approximately the same speed as that in the theoretical prediction, whereas the turbulence pulse propagates one order of magnitude faster than that in the prediction, thereby providing important insights into the physics of non-local transport.
Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunasekara T. D. K. S. C. , De Silva P. Mangala C. S. , Ekanayake E. M. D. V. , Thakshila W. A. K. G. , Pinipa R. A. I. , Sandamini P. M. M. A. , Gunarathna S. D. , Chandana E. P. S. , Jayasinghe S. S. , Herath C. , Siribaddana Sisira , Jayasundara Nishad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPediatric renal injury is an emerging health concern in communities affected by chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu). Early detection of susceptibilities through highly sensitive and specific biomarkers can lead to effective therapeutic and preventive interventions against renal diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the utility of kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early detection of renal abnormalities in selected pediatric communities in Sri Lanka. The study areas were stratified as CKDu endemic, emerging, and non-endemic based on the prevalence of CKDu, and a total of 804 school students (10–18 years of age) participated in the study. The median (IQR) urinary KIM-1 levels of the participants were 0.193 (0.026–0.338), 0.082 (0.001–0.220) and 0.040 (0.003–0.242) ng/mgCr for CKDu endemic, emerging and non-endemic regions respectively. Participants from CKDu endemic regions reported elevated (p < 0.0001) urinary KIM-1 expression compared to those from the other regions. The median (IQR) NGAL levels in participants from CKDu endemic (2.969; 1.833–5.641), emerging (3.374; 1.766–6.103), and non-endemic (3.345; 1.742–5.128 ng/mgCr) regions showed no significant difference. Also, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) showed no significant differences across gender or residency. The prevalence of albuminuria was 1–2% in the locations irrespective of CKDu burden. Albuminuric participants reported higher (p < 0.05) urinary KIM-1 levels in comparison to normoalbuminuric participants. Significantly elevated urinary KIM-1 expression in a pediatric population from CKDu affected regions, especially in the presence of albuminuria, may indicate low-grade early renal damage supporting the utility of KIM-1 as a quantifiable biomarker.
Thermal transport analysis of six circular microchannel heat sink using nanofluid
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Khan Shan Ali , Farooq Umar , Muhammad Taseer , Alshehri Ahmad , Yasmin Sumeira 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectronics devices growth in the last decade of the twentieth century ushered in a revolution inside the electronics segment. Continuous micro-sizes and operation cause these devices to heat up, resulting in a reduction in their performance or damage to their parts. Because heat can decrease device performance and life span while also wasting energy, offering an incorporated and effective cooling system has become a significant part of the design of device equipment. One of the key challenges of modern generation technology is the cooling of electronic devices. Nanofluids have attracted attention in a broad range of engineering implementations due to their great properties, which may be used to effectively cool devices while also improving energy efficiency. In view of the above defects, this numerical research object to examine the chip surface temperature, heat transfer rate, thermal resistance, Darcy friction factor and reliability of microelectronic chips in minichannel heat sinks is scrutinized by utilizing a $${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$

TiO
2

/water nanofluid as a coolant and comparing the nanoliquid outcomes with the outcomes of water. $${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$

TiO
2

/Water nanofluids at 1%, 2% and 3% volume concentrations are employed for this scrutinization. Here, a commercial CFD ANSYS (R19.2) FLUENT software package is used to analyze the electronic chip performance. The CFD ANSYS (R19.2) FLUENT software package is used for modeling, meshing and simulation of the current study.
Large magnetocapacitance beyond 420% in epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with an MgAl2O4 barrier
Authors: Sato Kenta , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Ogata Kentaro , Xiao Gang , Kaiju Hideo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMagnetocapacitance (MC) effect has been observed in systems where both symmetries of time-reversal and space-inversion are broken, for examples, in multiferroic materials and spintronic devices. The effect has received increasing attention due to its interesting physics and the prospect of applications. Recently, a large tunnel magnetocapacitance (TMC) of 332% at room temperature was reported using MgO-based (001)-textured magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here, we report further enhancement in TMC beyond 420% at room temperature using epitaxial MTJs with an MgAl2O4(001) barrier with a cation-disordered spinel structure. This large TMC is partially caused by the high effective tunneling spin polarization, resulted from the excellent lattice matching between the Fe electrodes and the MgAl2O4 barrier. The epitaxial nature of this MTJ system sports an enhanced spin-dependent coherent tunneling effect. Among other factors leading to the large TMC are the appearance of the spin capacitance, the large barrier height, and the suppression of spin flipping through the MgAl2O4 barrier. We explain the observed TMC by the Debye-Fröhlich modelled calculation incorporating Zhang-sigmoid formula, parabolic barrier approximation, and spin-dependent drift diffusion model. Furthermore, we predict a 1000% TMC in MTJs with a spin polarization of 0.8. These experimental and theoretical findings provide a deeper understanding on the intrinsic mechanism of the TMC effect. New applications based on large TMC may become possible in spintronics, such as multi-value memories, spin logic devices, magnetic sensors, and neuromorphic computing.
DNA-influenced automated behavior detection on twitter through relative entropy
Authors: Gilmary Rosario , Venkatesan Akila , Vaiyapuri Govindasamy , Balamurali Deepikashini 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwitter is a renowned microblogging site that allows users to interact using tweets and it has almost reached 206 million daily active users by the second quarter of 2021. The ratio of Twitter bots has risen in tandem with their popularity. Bot detection is critical for combating misinformation and protecting the credibility of online disclosures. Current bot detection approaches rely on the Twitosphere’s topological structure, ignoring the heterogeneity among the profiles. Moreover, most techniques incorporate supervised learning, which depends strongly on large-scale training sets. Therefore, to overcome these issues, we proposed a novel entropy-based framework to detect correlated bots leveraging only user behavior. Specifically, real-time data of users is collected and their online behaviors are modeled as DNA sequences. We then determine the probability distribution of DNA sequences and compute relative entropy to evaluate the distance between the distributions. Accounts with entropy values less than a fixed threshold represent bots. Extensive experiments conducted in real-time Twitter data prove that the proposed detection technique outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with precision = 0.9471, recall = 0.9682, F1 score = 0.9511, and accuracy = 0.9457.
A typology of North Sea oil and gas platforms
Authors: Lawrence J. M. , Fernandes P. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the commercial exploitation of marine oil and gas reserves began in the middle of the twentieth century, extensive networks of offshore infrastructure have been installed globally. Many of the structures are now nearing the end of their operational lives and will soon require decommissioning, generating renewed interest in their environmental impacts and in the ecological consequences of their removal. However, such work requires selection of a subsample of assets for surveying; censuses of the entire ‘population’ in any given jurisdiction are practically impossible due to their sheer number. It is important, therefore, that the selected sample is sufficiently representative of the population to draw generalized conclusions. Here, a formal clustering methodology, partitioning around medoids, was used to produce a typology of surface-piercing oil and gas platforms in the North Sea. The variables used for clustering were hydrocarbon product, operational state, platform design and material, and substructure weight. Assessing intra-cluster variability identified 13 clusters as the optimum number. The most important distinguishing variable was platform type, isolating floating platforms first, then concrete gravity-based and then fixed steel. Following clustering, a geographic trend was evident, with oil production more prevalent in the north and gas in the south. The typology allows a representative subset of North Sea oil and gas platforms to be selected when designing a survey, or an assessment of the representativeness of a previously selected subset of platforms. This will facilitate the efficient use of the limited funding available for such studies.
Photoreceptor distributions, visual pigments and the opsin repertoire of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
Authors: Bolstad Kennedy , Novales Flamarique Iñigo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFishes often have cone photoreceptors organized in lattice-like mosaic formations. In flatfishes, these lattices undergo dramatic changes during metamorphosis whereby a honeycomb mosaic of single cones in the larva is replaced by a square mosaic of single and double cones in the adult. The spatio-temporal dynamics of this transition are not well understood. Here, we describe the photoreceptors and mosaic formations that occur during the larva to juvenile transition of Atlantic halibut from the beginning of eye migration to its completion. To gauge the possibility of colour vision, visual pigments in juveniles were measured by microspectrophotometry and the opsin repertoire explored using bioinformatics. At the start of eye migration, the larva had a heterogeneous retina with honeycomb mosaic in the dorsonasal and ventrotemporal quadrants and a square mosaic in the ventronasal and dorsotemporal quadrants. By the end of metamorphosis, the square mosaic was present throughout the retina except in a centrodorsotemporal area where single, double and triple cones occurred randomly. Six cone visual pigments were found with maximum absorbance (λmax, in nm) in the short [S(431) and S(457)], middle [M(500), M(514) and M(527)], and long [L(550)] wavelengths, and a rod visual pigment with λmaxat 491 nm. These pigments only partially matched the opsin repertoire detected by query of the Atlantic halibut genome. We conclude that the Atlantic halibut undergoes a complex re-organization of photoreceptors at metamorphosis resulting in a multi-mosaic retina adapted for a demersal life style.
Determining KLF14 tertiary structure and diagnostic significance in brain cancer progression
Authors: Zahra Kainat , Shabbir Maria , Badshah Yasmin , Trembley Janeen H. , Badar Zunaira , Khan Khushbukhat , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alruwaili Nawaf W. , Razak Suhail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExpression analysis of new protein targets may play a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of brain tumor progression. The study aimed to investigate the possible relation of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε in the development and progression of brain cancer and space occupying lesion (SOL) of the brain. One hundred human blood samples comprising varying diagnostic groups (SOL brain, grade I, II, III, IV) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR to determine the expression level of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε. TPD52 and PKCε were upregulated in brain cancer by 2.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively, whereas, KLF14 and miR-124 were downregulated in brain cancer. In metastatic and high-grade brain cancer, TPD52 and PKCε expression were up-regulated and KLF14 and miR-124 expression were down-regulated. Further, these genes were found to be differentially expressed in the blood of patients with SOL. Upregulation of TPD52 and PKCε, however, reduced expression of KLF14 and miR-124 in SOL of the brain as compared to healthy controls. Expression analysis of TPD52, KLF14, miR-124, and PKCε provided useful information on the differences existing between the normal brain and SOL, in addition to gliomas; thus, might prove to be useful having diagnostic or prognostic value.
Insights about the common generative rule underlying an information foraging task can be facilitated via collective search
Authors: Naito Aoi , Katahira Kentaro , Kameda Tatsuya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial learning is beneficial for efficient information search in unfamiliar environments (“within-task” learning). In the real world, however, possible search spaces are often so large that decision makers are incapable of covering all options, even if they pool their information collectively. One strategy to handle such overload is developing generalizable knowledge that extends to multiple related environments (“across-task” learning). However, it is unknown whether and how social information may facilitate such across-task learning. Here, we investigated participants’ social learning processes across multiple laboratory foraging sessions in spatially correlated reward landscapes that were generated according to a common rule. The results showed that paired participants were able to improve efficiency in information search across sessions more than solo participants. Computational analysis of participants’ choice-behaviors revealed that such improvement across sessions was related to better understanding of the common generative rule. Rule understanding was correlated within a pair, suggesting that social interaction is a key to the improvement of across-task learning.
Antimicrobial properties of chitosan from different developmental stages of the bioconverter insect Hermetia illucens
Authors: Guarnieri Anna , Triunfo Micaela , Scieuzo Carmen , Ianniciello Dolores , Tafi Elena , Hahn Thomas , Zibek Susanne , Salvia Rosanna , De Bonis Angela , Falabella Patrizia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrowing antimicrobial resistance has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with antimicrobial potential. In this perspective, attention has been focused on biopolymers that could also be functional in the medical field. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and with its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, has several applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Currently, the main source of chitin is the crustacean exoskeleton, but the growing demand for these polymers on the market has led to search for alternative sources. Among these, insects, and in particular the bioconverter Hermetia illucens, is one of the most bred. Chitin can be extracted from larvae, pupal exuviae and dead adults of H. illucens, by applying chemical methods, and converted into chitosan. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the identity of the chitosan produced from H. illucens and its structural similarity to commercial polymer. Recently, studies showed that chitosan has intrinsic antimicrobial activity. This is the first research that investigated the antibacterial activity of chitosan produced from the three developmental stages of H. illucens through qualitative and quantitative analysis, agar diffusion tests and microdilution assays, respectively. Our results showed the antimicrobial capacity of chitosan of H. illucens, opening new perspectives for its use in the biological area.
Sea level along the world’s coastlines can be measured by a network of virtual altimetry stations
Authors: Cazenave Anny , Gouzenes Yvan , Birol Florence , Leger Fabien , Passaro Marcello , Calafat Francisco M. , Shaw Andrew , Nino Fernando , Legeais Jean François , Oelsmann Julius , Restano Marco , Benveniste Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor nearly 30 years, space-based radar altimetry has been routinely measuring changes in sea level at global and regional scales. But this technique designed for the open ocean does not provide reliable sea level data within 20 km to the coast, mostly due to land contamination within the radar echo in the vicinity of the coast. This problem can now be overcome through dedicated reprocessing, allowing the retrieval of valid sea level data in the 0-20 km band from the coast, and then the access to novel information on sea level change in the world coastal zones. Here we present sea level anomalies and associated coastal sea level trends at 756 altimetry-based virtual coastal stations located along the coasts of North and South America, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Africa, North Indian Ocean, Asia and Australia. This new dataset, derived from the reprocessing of high-resolution (300 m) along-track altimetry data from the Jason-1, 2 and 3 missions from January 2002 to December 2019, allows the analysis of the decadal evolution of coastal sea level and fills the coastal gap where sparse sea level information is currently available.
Thermochemistry and mechanisms of the Pt+ + SO2 reaction from guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry and theory
Authors: Armentrout P. B. 
Published: May 2022

The kinetic energy dependences of the reactions of Pt+ (2D5/2) with SO2 were studied using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer and theory. The observed cationic products are PtO+ and PtSO+, with small amounts of PtS+, all formed in endothermic reactions. Modeling the kinetic energy dependent product cross sections allows determination of the product bond dissociation energies (BDEs): D0(Pt+–O) = 3.14 ± 0.11 eV, D0(Pt+–S) = 3.68 ± 0.31 eV, and D0(Pt+–SO) = 3.03 ± 0.12 eV. The oxide BDE agrees well with more precise literature values, whereas the latter two results are the first such measurements. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed for PtO+, PtS+, PtO2+, and PtSO+ at the B3LYP and coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple [CCSD(T)] levels of theory using the def2-XZVPPD (X = T, Q) and aug-cc-pVXZ (X = T, Q, 5) basis sets and complete basis set extrapolations. These theoretical BDEs agree well with the experimental values. After including empirical spin–orbit corrections, the product ground states are determined as PtO+ (4Σ3/2), PtS+ (4Σ3/2), PtO2+ (2Σg+), and PtSO+ (2A′). Potential energy profiles including intermediates and transition states for each reaction were also calculated at the B3LYP/def2-TZVPPD level. Periodic trends in the thermochemistry of the group 9 metal chalcogenide cations are compared, and the formation of PtO+ from the Pt+ + SO2 reaction is compared with those from the Pt+ + O2, CO2, CO, and NO reactions.
Biochar enriched compost elevates mungbean (
Authors: Mithu Md. Mehedi Hasan , Mia Shamim , Suhi Ayesa Akter , Tahura Saraban , Biswas Purnendu , Kader Md. Abdul , Kassim Susilawati , Makino Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2022

Context Organic amendments including biochar can improve crop production under salt stress. However, it is still not clear whether biochar enriched compost would enhance legume performance under salt stress after fresh application and in succeeding crops. Aim The aim of the study was to examine the effect of biochar enriched compost in reducing the salinity stress after fresh application at increasing rates and in the succeeding crop. Methods In a pot trial, biochar–compost was applied at four different rates (0, 1, 2, and 3%) while mungbean was grown under five different salt stress conditions (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 dS m−1). In the field trial, the residual effect of different organic amendments (control, compost, cow urine, compost with cow urine, biochar–compost, and biochar–compost with cow urine) was evaluated under three different salt stress conditions (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1). Soil properties, plant performance, and nutrient uptake were determined. Key Results Results revealed a significant biochar × salt treatment interaction in our pot culture. Biochar–compost application can minimise salt effects at a higher application rate resulting in better plant performance; however, these effects are minimal when salt was added at higher rates. We also observed a significant residual effect of biochar compost on biomass production (51.03%), seed yield (79.48%), and K+ uptake (77.95%) than the control treatment. We believe that biochar–compost buffered Na+ while improved plant water, and nutrient availability and uptake. In addition, biochar–compost might have increased nitrogen acquisition through enhanced biological nitrogen fixation. Conclusions Biochar enriched compost enhances the yield of legume grown under salt stress. Implications Our results suggest that biochar–compost can be one of the sustainable means for alleviating soil salinity.