bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An asymptomatic huge primary retroperitoneal pseudocyst: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abedini Lotfolah , Hosseinpour Reza , Mehrabi Saadat , Hejazinia Safoora , Yavari Barhaghtalab Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Retroperitoneal non-pancreatic or idiopathic pseudocysts are very rare lesions. This case report aimed to present our patient and to check all the available literature on this kind of rare disease.

Case presentation
Our patient was a 67-year-old Iranian man admitted with mild abdominal discomfort for three months. Ultrasonography and CT scan revealed a huge cystic structure within the retroperitoneal space. The lesion was excised through midline laparotomy and opening of the retro-peritoneum. The histopathology of the cyst wall revealed a benign cystic lesion with no epithelial lining. A histologic diagnosis of non-neoplastic retroperitoneal pseudocyst was made.

Conclusion
The primary non-pancreatic retroperitoneal pseudocysts are rare lesions and have to be distinguished from other differential diagnoses of retroperitoneal lesions, and a surgeon should be aware of the possible occurrence of these lesions with unknown origin. Surgical excision is the only way to exclude malignancy and confirm the diagnosis.
Perioperative factors influencing the difficulty of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Wang Jinyao , Yang Bin , Sun Shiwei , Zhang Yangang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Identifying patients in whom adrenalectomy may be more difficult can help with surgical decision-making. This study investigated the perioperative factors affecting the difficulty of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA).

Methods
Sixty-eight patients who underwent RLA at our hospital between December 1, 2020 and May 1, 2021 were included. The difficulty of RLA was assessed by operating time and intraoperative blood loss. We analyzed the relationship between surgical difficulty and patient sex, age, and body mass index, pathological type, tumor side, tumor size, distance from the lower pole of the adrenal tumor to the upper pole of the kidney (DAK), and distance from the lower pole of the adrenal tumor to the renal pedicle (DARP).

Results
Mean operating time was 105.38 ± 33.31 min and mean intraoperative blood loss was 32.28 ± 22.88 ml. Univariate linear regression analysis showed that age (P = 0.047), tumor size (P = 0.002), DAK (P = 0.002), and DARP (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with a longer operating time. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DARP (P = 0.001), DAK (P = 0.001), tumor size (P = 0.002), and age (P = 0.033) were significantly correlated with a longer operating time. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that DARP (OR 5.341; 95% CI 1.704–16.739; P = 0.004), and tumor size (OR 4.433; 95% CI 1.434–13.709; P = 0.010) were independent predictors of operating time.

Conclusion
Age, tumor size, DAK, and DARP were predictors of the difficulty of RLA. Older age, lower DARP and DAK, and a larger tumor size were associated with a longer operating time. DARP and tumor size were independent predictors of surgical difficulty.
The higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle score is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Iranian adults
Authors: Farhadnejad Hossein , Teymoori Farshad , Asghari Golaleh , Mokhtari Ebrahim , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The combined roles of lifestyle factors in the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully investigated. In the present study, we aimed to assess the relationship between a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and the risk of T2D in Tehranian adults.

Methods
A total of 3859 individuals without T2D were recruited from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2009–2011) who were followed up for a mean period of 6 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect individuals' dietary intakes at baseline. HLS scores was calculated based on three pre-defined methods with focusing on 4 lifestyle factors including, no current smoking, no obesity, high physical activity, and greater adherence to the healthy diet[determined using the alternate healthy eating index-2010(AHEI-2010), modified French Programme National Nutrition Santé-Guideline Score(mPNNS-GS), and healthy diet pattern score(HDP)].

Results
Mean ± SD age of participants(44.4% men) was 41.1 ± 12.3 years. After 6-year follow-up of study, 295(7.6%) new cases of T2D were reported. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, an inverse association was observed between the higher score of HLS-AHEI-2010 (OR = 0.24;95%CI:0.10–0.60), HLS-mPNNS-GS (OR = 0.28;95%CI:0.15–0.50), and HLS-HDP (OR = 0.39;95%CI:0.24–0.64) and the risk of T2D (P for trend < 0.05). Also, the fully-adjusted model showed that after controlling the effects of various confounders, this invers association between the higher score of HLS-AHEI-2010 (OR = 0.25;95%CI:0.10–0.61, P for trend:0.001), HLS-mPNNS-GS (OR = 0.29;95%CI:0.15–0.55,P for trend:0.001), and HLS-HDP (OR = 0.36;95%CI:0.22–0.61,P for trend < 0.001) and risk of T2D was remained significant.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggested that higher score of HLS, characterized by no smoking, normal body weight, vigorous physical activity, and healthy diet, is related to decreased risk of T2D incidence.
Characterizing uncertainty in goals-of-care discussions among black and white patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Chen Annie T. , Tsui Shelley , Sharma Rashmi K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Uncertainty has been associated with distress and poorer quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Prior studies have focused on prognostic uncertainty; little is known about other types of uncertainty that patients and family members experience when discussing goals of care. Understanding the types of uncertainty expressed and differences between Black and White patients can inform the development of uncertainty management interventions.

Methods
This study sought to characterize the types of uncertainty expressed by Black and White patients and family members within the context of information needs during inpatient goals-of-care discussions. We performed a secondary analysis of transcripts from 62 recorded goals-of-care discussions that occurred between 2012 and 2014 at an urban, academic medical center in the United States. We applied an adapted taxonomy of uncertainty to data coded as describing information needs and used an inductive qualitative analysis method to analyze the discussions. We report the types of uncertainty expressed in these discussions.

Results
Fifty discussions included patient or family expressions of information needs. Of these, 40 discussions (n=16 Black and n=24 White) included statements of uncertainty. Black and White patients and families most frequently expressed uncertainty related to processes and structures of care (system-centered uncertainty) and to treatment (scientific uncertainty). Statements of prognostic uncertainty focused on quantitative information among Whites and on qualitative information and expectations for the future among Blacks.

Conclusions
Black and White patients and families frequently expressed system-centered uncertainty, suggesting this may be an important target for intervention. Addressing other sources of uncertainty, such as prognostic uncertainty, may need more tailored approaches.
Effect of selective gastric residual monitoring on enteral intake in preterm infants
Authors: Elia Serena , Ciarcià Martina , Miselli Francesca , Bertini Giovanna , Dani Carlo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Prefeed gastric residuals (GRs) monitoring has been correlated with an increased time to reach full feeds and longer parenteral nutrition without beneficial effect on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurrence. We aimed to assess effects of a new local protocol to provide for the selective evaluation of GRs excluding their routine monitoring.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective study based on a “before and after” design in a cohort of infants born at 23+0–31+6 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was the age at full enteral feeding (150 mL/kg/d). Secondary outcomes included age at regaining of birth weight, and evaluation of Z-scores of weight, length, and head circumference at discharge.

Results
We studied 49 infants in the selective GR group and 59 in the routine GR group. Age at full (150 mL/kg) enteral feeding (17.8 ± 10.1 vs. 22.9 ± 10.5 days, P = 0.017) and regaining of birth weight (11.1 ± 3.0 vs. 12.5 ± 3.5 days, P = 0.039) were lower while the Z-scores of weight at discharge (-1.10 ± 0.83 vs. -1.60 ± 1.45, P = 0.040) were higher in infants in the selective GR group in comparison with infants in the routine GR group.

Conclusions
Selective monitoring of GRs decreased age at full enteral feeding and at regaining of birth weight and induced better Z-scores of weight at discharge in comparison with routine GR monitoring in a cohort of extremely preterm infants without increasing the incidence of NEC. Omitting prefeed GRs monitoring in clinical practice seems reasonable.
Investigating the causal relationships between badges and learning outcomes in SQL-Tutor
Authors: Tahir Faiza , Mitrovic Antonija , Sotardi Valerie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practice of adding game elements to non-gaming educational environments has gained much popularity. Gamification has been shown in some studies to enhance engagement, motivation and learning outcomes in technology-supported learning environments. Although gamification research has matured, there are some shortcomings such as inconsistency in applying gamification theories and frameworks and evaluating multiple game mechanics simultaneously. Moreover, there is little research on applying gamification to Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). This paper investigates the causal effects of gamification on learning in SQL-Tutor, a mature ITS teaching students how to phrase queries in SQL. Having conducted a study under realistic conditions, we present a quantitative analysis of the performance of 77 undergraduate students enrolled in a database course. There are three main findings of our study: (1) gamification affects student learning by mediating the time-on-task; (2) students’ background knowledge does not influence time-on-task unless students achieve badges; and (3) students’ interest in topic (motivational construct) moderates the relationship between badges and time-on-task, but does not improve learning outcomes directly.
MicroRNA548ac expression level in relation to BDCAF scored Behçet’s disease activity and history of treatment response
Authors: Hassouna Sally S. , Tayel Manal Y. , Elzawawy Ashraf I. , Amin Rowayda M. , Tahoun Mona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Behçet’s disease gives a challenge to be diagnosed and followed up due to lack of specific biomarkers. MicroRNAs showed relations to different disease states including immunological and inflammatory illnesses. In this study, we are estimating microRNA548ac levels for the first time to be tested in the disease to see if there is a link to disease activity and if microRNA548ac can be used as a biomarker for activity or remission and prognosis of Behçet’s disease. MicroRNA548ac has been shown to have a role in autoimmunity and some inflammatory conditions. Blood samples were taken from patients to measure white blood cells expression of microRNA548ac, and compared to its expression in healthy subjects, disease activity was assessed by usage of Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF).

Results
MicroRNA548ac expression decreased but not significantly with increased Behçet’s disease activity, and expression was having a significant positive correlation with increased treatment response history.

Conclusions
MicroRNA548ac appeared not to be related to disease activity which needs confirmation in further studies, but it may predict response to treatment so that patients having higher expression of microRNA548ac may have a better response to treatment. Here, microRNA548ac could be used as a disease biomarker for disease prognosis.
First data for sotorasib in patients with pancreatic cancer with KRAS p.G12C mutation: A phase I/II study evaluating efficacy and safety
Authors: Strickler John H , Satake Hironaga , Hollebecque Antoine , Sunakawa Yu , Tomasini Pascale , Bajor David Lawrence , Schuler Martin H. , Yaeger Rona , George Thomas J. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Coveler Andrew L. , Vincent Mark David , Falchook Gerald Steven , Burns Timothy F. , Rha Sun Young , Lemech Charlotte Rose , Juric Dejan , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Tran Qui , Hong David S. 
Published: February 2022

360490 Background: KRAS mutation is present in 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with p.G12C accounting for 1% to 2% of these mutations. Sotorasib, a small molecule that specifically and irreversibly inhibits KRASG12C, has been investigated in the CodeBreaK100 trial in patients with KRASG12C-mutated advanced solid tumors. Herein, we report on the largest dataset evaluating efficacy and safety of a KRASG12C inhibitor in patients with pretreated KRASG12C-mutated pancreatic cancer. Methods: CodeBreaK100 (NCT03600883) is an international, single arm, phase I/II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sotorasib in patients with KRASG12C-mutated advanced solid tumors with ≥ 1 prior systemic therapy unless intolerant or ineligible for available therapies. The primary efficacy endpoint is confirmed objective response rate (ORR), assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints include duration of response (DoR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: As of November 1, 2021, 38 patients with pancreatic cancer (mean age: 65 years, 76.3% male) from the combined phase I/II study received sotorasib 960 mg once daily. Stage IV disease was present in 55.3% of patients at diagnosis, and in all patients at enrollment. Baseline ECOG scores were 0, 1, or 2 in 31.6%, 57.9%, and 10.5% of patients, respectively. Most patients (79%) had ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy (median: 2 [range: 1-8]). Median treatment duration was 4.1 months with a median follow-up of 16.8 months. Eight patients had confirmed partial response by BICR with a resulting ORR of 21.1% (95% CI: 9.55%-37.32%). DCR was 84.2% (Table 1). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade occurred in 16 (42.1%) patients. Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs occurred in 6 patients: diarrhea (2); fatigue (2); abdominal pain, ALT increase, AST increase, pleural effusion, and pulmonary embolism (1 each). No TRAEs were fatal or resulted in sotorasib discontinuation. Conclusions: Sotorasib demonstrated clinically meaningful anticancer activity and tolerability in patients with heavily pretreated KRASG12C-mutated advanced pancreatic cancer, who have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Clinical trial information: NCT03600883. [Table: see text]
Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Regulation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Dichtel Laura E , Cordoba-Chacon Jose , Kineman Rhonda D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Patients with obesity have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), representing a spectrum of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), without and with fibrosis. Understanding the etiology of NAFLD is clinically relevant since NAFLD is an independent risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, NASH predisposes patients to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH cirrhosis represents the fastest growing indication for liver transplantation in the United States. It is appreciated that multiple factors are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) regulate metabolic, immune, and hepatic stellate cell function, and alterations in the production and function of GH is associated with obesity and NAFLD/NASH. Therefore, this review will focus on the potential role of GH and IGF1 in the regulation of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: Development of 5-Year Prediction Models Using the FRISBEE Study
Authors: Baleanu Felicia , Moreau Michel , Charles Alexia , Iconaru Laura , Karmali Rafik , Surquin Murielle , Benoit Florence , Mugisha Aude , Paesmans Marianne , Rubinstein Michel , Rozenberg Serge , Bergmann Pierre , Body Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Individualized fracture risk may help to select patients requiring a pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis. FRAX and the Garvan fracture risk calculators are the most used tools, although their external validation has shown significant differences in their risk prediction ability.

Objective and Methods
Using data from the Fracture Risk Brussels Epidemiological Enquiry study, a cohort of 3560 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 85 years, we aimed to construct original 5-year fracture risk prediction models using validated clinical risk factors (CRFs). Three models of competing risk analysis were developed to predict major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs), all fractures, and central fractures (femoral neck, shoulder, clinical spine, pelvis, ribs, scapula, clavicle, sternum).

Results
Age, a history of fracture, and hip or spine BMD were predictors common to the 3 models. Excessive alcohol intake and the presence of comorbidities were specific additional CRFs for MOFs, a history of fall for all fractures, and rheumatoid arthritis for central fractures. Our models predicted the fracture probability at 5 years with an acceptable accuracy (Brier scores ≤ 0.1) and had a good discrimination power (area under the receiver operating curve of 0.73 for MOFs and 0.72 for central fractures) when internally validated by bootstrap. Three simple nomograms, integrating significant CRFs and the mortality risk, were constructed for different fracture sites. In conclusion, we derived 3 models predicting fractures with an acceptable accuracy, particularly for MOFs and central fractures. The models are based on a limited number of CRFs, and we constructed nomograms for use in clinical practice.
Oxidative Stress Predicts Post-Surgery Complications in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Leimkühler M. , Bourgonje A. R. , van Goor H. , Campmans-Kuijpers M. J. E. , de Bock G. H. , van Leeuwen B. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
An excessive perioperative inflammatory reaction can lead to more postoperative complications in patients treated for gastrointestinal cancers. It has been suggested that this inflammatory reaction leads to oxidative stress. The most important nonenzymatic antioxidants are serum free thiols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether high preoperative serum free thiol levels are associated with short-term clinical outcomes.

Methods
Blood samples were drawn before, at the end of, and 1 and 2 days after surgery of a consecutive series of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Serum free thiols were detected using a colorimetric detection method using Ellman’s reagent. Short-term clinical outcomes were defined as 30-day complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥2) and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between serum free thiol levels and short-term patient outcomes.

Results
Eighty-one patients surgically treated for gastrointestinal cancer were included in the study. Median age was 68 (range 26–87) years, and 28% were female. Patients in the lowest tertile of preoperative serum free thiols had a threefold higher risk to develop postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.1–10.7) and a fourfold higher risk to have an increased length of stay in the hospital (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.3–12.9) compared with patients in the highest tertile.

Conclusions
Patients with lower preoperative serum free thiol levels, indicating a decrease in extracellular antioxidant capacity and therefore an increase in systemic oxidative stress, are more likely to develop postoperative complications and show a longer in hospital stay than patients with higher serum free thiol levels.
Urban-human faces and the semiotic right to the city: From the USSR propaganda machinery to the participatory city
Authors: Soro Elsa 
Published: February 2022

Now that the usage and meaning of urban spaces have been dramatically challenged by the global pandemic, several debates and reflections are going on around the manner in which cities – both as concerns the public and the private spaces – have been designed. The article observes how “urban-human face” representations have served different models of urbanity across times and cultures.
Using a framework deriving from semiotics of culture, according to which the city represents a model of the world, the article attempts to interpret how portraits of faces have been modelling the city through different urban faciality mechanisms. The focus is on a sample of what we call ‘urban-human faces’, ranging from Soviet propaganda posters to the digital #selfiecity project. The expression refers to series of representations that bring together the city and the face. It can be argued that both the city and the face, produced at a specific historical and cultural moment, with their figurative and plastic elements, deploy the struggle for the city ownership and authorship.
Nonetheless, the commensurability of the city and the face can be just based on the fact that both semiotic configurations represent an excess with the help of cartographic reproduction (the city) and the portrait (the face), respectively. A city can be represented by a face to the extent to which it is also multifaceted as a polylogue. On the basis of such instable commensurability, the article will ultimately attempt to bring together the semiotics of the face and the semiotics of the city.
«Заспівати свою пісню на своім подвірю». Достоменніст простору/достоменніст в просторі
Authors: Duć-Fajfer Olena 
Published: February 2022

„Zaśpiewać swoją pieśń na swoim podwórzu” – tożsamość (w) przestrzeni
W artykule ujęte zostały kwestie dynamicznej relacji przestrzenno-tożsamościowej w kontekście destrukcji łemkowskiej przestrzeni etnicznej po wysiedleniach lat 1945-1947. W pierwszej części nakreślone zostało tekstualne wyrażanie się symbiozy, konsolidowania łemkowskiego świata wspólnotowego przez wartości i symbole przestrzenno-pejzażowe, mające cechy archetypiczne. Następnie rozpoznany i wskazany został mechanizm mitu reinwencyjnego, który dąży do ocalenia mocy przestrzeni ojczystej poprzez skontrastowanie jej z przestrzenią obcą z zastosowaniem podziału sacrum- -profanum. Powolne wyczerpywanie się tego mechanizmu w świecie odczarowanym wprowadza do symbolicznego uniwersum coraz więcej obrazów przestrzeni pragmatycznej. Mechanizm mitu uaktywnia się natomiast w rytualnej migracji kolistej, która łączy rozbity świat łemkowski poprzez celebrowanie dorocznych rytuałów/ świąt wspólnotowych ustanawiających nowe sensy przestrzenne. Termin „nowe” nie oznacza ich oderwania od tożsamości przestrzeni i tożsamości przestrzennej bazowej dla łemkowskiej podmiotowości. W części drugiej zasygnalizowany został wpływ czynnika przestrzennego na tożsamość językową Łemków. W oparciu o dane statystyczne, korzystanie z praw językowych oraz zaobserwowane postawy i praktyki językowe wysunięta została teza o zasilaniu przez rodzime wartości przestrzenne mechanizmów i działań rewitalizacyjnych w zakresie języka łemkowskiego.