bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN DENGAN HASIL KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI POSBINDU SEHATI CENGKARENG JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Nur Afni Wulandari Arifin  
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus (DM ) saat ini menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian yang utama di dunia.Penderita DM yang memiliki gangguan psikologis terutama kecemasan dan depresi meningkatkan kurangnya manajemen dan hasil terapi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita DM di Posbindu Sehati.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional sampel diambil secara purposive sampling berjumlah 40 pasien.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan pengambilan data primer dengan kuesioner dan lembar observasi hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu,Uji Statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian uji Chi-Square, hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan p = 0,005.
Kata kunci : kecemasan, kadar gula darah sewaktu, Diabetes Mellitus.

ABSTRACK
Diabetes mellitus is currently one of the main causes of death in the world. sufferers diabetus mellitus psychological disorder that has especially anxiety and depression increase the lack of management and the results of the therapy.This research aims to find a relationship between anxiety level with blood sugar levels in people with diabetus mellitus who treated at the Posbindu Sehati.The research uses descriptive analytic design with croos sectional approach.Samples taken in purposive sampling of 40 patients. observation sheet the results of blood sugar levels while test statistics used in the study Chi-Square test , the result showed a significant relationship between the level of anxiety with sugar blood with p = 0.005 .
Keywords : anxiety , blood sugar levels when , Diabetes Mellitus
Lost in Translation
Authors: Faulhaber Lilian 
Published: October 2022

Since 2010, international tax policymakers have proposed a variety of minimum taxes on excess returns, but every proposal has defined excess returns differently. This Article asks what excess returns are supposed to represent—and concludes that the answer is very different from what policymakers have suggested.
The trend of targeting so-called excess returns started in 2010 with a one-page idea in the Obama Treasury’s proposed budget. Overthe next decade, this idea became the basis for one of the major international tax reform provisions in the 2017 U.S. tax reform and is now being considered as part of Pillar Two of the OECD’s current digital tax project. The idea in question is a minimum tax on foreign excess returns. Yet even though the general idea of a minimum tax on foreign excess returns has stayed the same across administrations and jurisdictions, the specifics of this idea have changed with every iteration, and the proponents of this idea have justified each version differently and defined its various elements differently.
This Article tells the story of the many recent proposals for minimum taxes on foreign excess returns, starting with the Obama Treasury’s brief proposal and ending with the OECD’s two-pillar solution to the challenges of the digital economy. This Article highlights the common threads that link all of these rules, and it also shows how differently the drafters of each rule have understood the purpose and design of a minimum tax on foreign excess returns. This Article argues that, despite claims by the policymakers advocating for these minimum taxes, none of these taxes on excess returns is supported by the economic theory of excess returns. Instead, policymakers are using the term “excess returns” to mean different things in the context of different proposals, and they are masking the policy choices they are making by using a term that appears to have support in the economic literature.
Marital Satisfaction Blues among Ghanaian Spouses: Can Premarital Counselling be a Panacea?
Authors: Bedu-Addo Paul Kobina Annan , Asare Michael 
Published: October 2022

The study aimed at determining whether premarital counselling actually influenced marital satisfaction. A self-developed structured questionnaire (α = 0.89) was utilized on a sample of 322 premarital counselled and non- premarital counselled spouses in Ghana. Linear multiple regression, independent sample t-test and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyze the data. The nature of premarital counselling significantly influenced spouses’ experience of marital satisfaction (β = .401, t = 5.241, p = .000), together with topics adequately discussed during premarital counselling (β = -.181, t= -2.370, p= .019). Additionally, premarital counselled spouses were more likely to experience marital satisfaction than non- premarital counselled spouses (M =3.39, SD = .359, t (193) = 2.571, p = .011; M = 3.26, SD = .489). Premarital counselling moderately correlated with and marital satisfaction (r = -.153, n = 322, p < 0.01).
Biochemistry of Corona Virus: An Overveiw
Authors: Caleb Nwaogwugwu Joel , Nwankwo Victor Chukwubuike , Chimaobi Nweke Celestine , James Ugoaghalam Uche , Igwe Uchenna Samuel , Chinedu Aguwamba 
Published: October 2022

Coronaviruses forma large family of respiratory viruses having positive (+ve)-stranded RNA (C0V). Their names are derived from the crown-like shape that is present on their them (surface). The new viral strain SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Even though this virus can spread via airborne, direct, and indirect contact, the most typical way of infection transmission is through droplets. Like the other coronaviruses in the same family, it can causeeverything from minor flu-like symptoms like; cold, sore throat, cough, and fever, to very seriousones like; pneumonia and breathing difficulties. It also has the potential to be fatal. The primary constituents make up the coronavirus. For instance, the positive-stranded RNA molecule that the host cell will translate is carried by the endoplasm, cell membrane, and outer globular protein. The transit of substances into and out of the cell is regulated by the cell membrane and membrane protein. One or more of them include the pointed glycoprotein, envelope small membrane protein, hemagglutinin esterase, nucleoprotein, and genomic RNA. The second coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome is the reason for the ongoing coronavirus disease epidemic known as covid-19 pandemic or coronavirus pandemic (SARS-COV-2). It was originally discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the outbreak as a pandemic and a public health emergency of global concern in January 2020 and March 2020, respectively. As of March 7th, 2021, COVID-19, one of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history, had been linked to over 2.59 million fatalities and over 11.7 million confirmed cases. Being vaccination is one of the steps you may take to protect yourself and others from getting infected with COVID-19. Protection from COVID-19 is essential since it can cause severe illness or death in some persons. It takes all the tools at our disposal to stop a pandemic. You can reduce your risk of getting sick or spreading the disease to others by taking additional precautions like wearing masks and avoiding social situations. Combining the COVID-19 vaccine with following the CDC’s recommendations for safeguarding both you and others will provide the best defense against the virus.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Elakhder Eman Awad Bedir , Teima Atef Hammad , Mohamed Ehab Shawky , Sawahel Heba Mohamed Atef 
Published: October 2022

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is still a serious neurologic condition that causes significant facial pain that is unilateral and is distributed across the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent imaging technique for determining the aetiology of TN, despite the fact that there are no particular clinical tests for its diagnosis. 3D FIESTA MRI helps to improve diagnostic precision and identify neurovascular compression when used in conjunction with conventional MRI. MRI is used to rule out alternative causes of TN, such as cerebellopontine angle lesions, demyelinating diseases, and inflammatory conditions, in addition to neurovascular compression.
Aim of the Work: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of MRI in the diagnosis of TN and its various causes.
Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 patients (14 men and 16 women), with an average age of 49.6 years, were referred to Tanta University Hospital's Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging Department from outpatient neurosurgery and/or dental clinics.
Results: The commonest affected side was the left side (46.7%) followed by the right one (40%), while bilateral affection was seen in (13.3%) of cases. According to aetiological factor, TN was secondary to underlying pathology in 24 cases (80%), while idiopathic TN with no underlying pathology was found in 6 cases (20%). Neurovascular compression and neoplastic lesions had the higher incidence. The most affected segment of the trigeminal nerve was the cisternal segment that was involved in 15 cases out of 24 cases with abnormal MRI findings.
Conclusion: Many CPA lesions may cause TN such as schwannomas and meningiomas. Demyelinating disease as multiple sclerosis were reported in our study to cause also TN. MRI showed that it has significant diagnostic role denoting brain lesions in patients with TN as it has a diagnostic accuracy 62.5%, sensitivity 60% and specificity 100% (P < 0.001).
Characteristics of Medicaid Policies for Children With Medical Complexity by State
Authors: Kusma Jennifer D. , Davis Matthew M. , Foster Carolyn 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceFamilies of children with medical complexity (CMC) report barriers to accessing affordable coverage for the full range of services their children may need to optimize their health outcomes. Medicaid enrollment through medical need–based eligibility mechanisms can help cover these service gaps. Understanding state-by-state variation in how CMC access Medicaid may allow policy makers and pediatricians to help families navigate needed services for CMC.ObjectiveTo clarify how eligibility and coverage for CMC differ for Medicaid beneficiaries across states with different policies and managed care penetration.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study used semistructured interviews with state Medicaid representatives from 23 states and Washington, DC, from February 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021. Enrollment pathways and coverage processes were discussed. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was performed. Participants included Medicaid directors, a designee, or a state-identified policy leader with expertise in and/or responsibility for child-focused programs.ExposuresState variation in Medicaid eligibility and delivery policies.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEligibility pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC in each state.ResultsA total of 43 informants from 23 states and Washington, DC, participated, which permitted data collection regarding almost half of the US. Four distinct eligibility pathways were characterized, with 3 specific to CMC, and the pathways that include the presence of waiting lists were distinguished. In addition, 3 coverage types at the state level were identified, consisting of fee-for-service, Medicaid managed care, or both. Two main connections between pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC were described.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest that state patterns in Medicaid eligibility and coverage for CMC have implications for access, including some states with substantial waiting periods for these families. Future work is needed to understand the implications of these differential Medicaid medical need–based eligibility pathways and subsequent coverage mechanisms on use of health care resources and expenditures, as well as considerations regarding challenges families of CMC face due to state-by-state variation.
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Reed Jennifer L. , Terada Tasuku , Vidal-Almela Sol , Tulloch Heather E. , Mistura Matheus , Birnie David H. , Wells George A. , Nair Girish M. , Hans Harleen , Way Kimberley L. , Chirico Daniele , O’Neill Carley D. , Pipe Andrew L. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience poor functional capacity and quality of life (QOL). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to elicit greater improvements in functional capacity and QOL compared with moderate to vigorous intensity continuous training (MICT) in other cardiovascular populations, yet HIIT remains understudied in AF.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) on functional capacity and general QOL in patients with persistent and permanent AF. Disease-specific QOL, resting heart rate (HR), time in AF, and physical activity (PA) levels were also assessed.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial, conducted between November 17, 2015, and February 4, 2020, at a tertiary-care cardiovascular health center in Ottawa, Canada, recruited 94 patients with persistent and permanent AF.InterventionsHigh-intensity interval training (23 minutes: two 8-minute interval training blocks of 30-second work periods at 80%-100% of peak power output interspersed with 30-second recovery) or CR (60 minutes: continuous aerobic conditioning within 67%-95% of peak HR and 12-16 of 20 ratings of perceived exertion) twice weekly for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were changes in functional capacity (6-minute walk test [6MWT] distance) and general QOL (Short Form 36) from baseline to 12 weeks’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in disease-specific QOL (Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale), resting HR, time in AF, and PA levels. An intention-to-treat analysis was used to compare changes between groups.ResultsOf the 94 patients who consented, 86 participated (mean [SD] age, 69 [7] years; 57 [66.3%] men). No significant differences in improvements in 6MWT distance (mean [SD], 21.3 [34.1] vs 13.2 [55.2] m; P = .42) and general QOL (Physical Component Summary, 0.5 [6.1] vs 1.1 [4.9] points; P = .87) between HIIT and CR were observed. No significant differences in improvements in disease-specific QOL (AF symptoms: −1.7 [4.3] vs −1.5 [4] points, P = .59), resting HR (−3.6 [10.6] vs −2.9 [12.4] beats per minute, P = .63), and moderate to vigorous PA levels (37.3 [93.4] vs 14.4 [125.7] min/wk; P = .35) between HIIT and CR were detected. Participants attended a mean (SD) of 18.3 (6.1) (75.1%) HIIT sessions and 20.0 (4.5) (83.4%) CR sessions (P = .36).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, twice-weekly 23-minute HIIT was as efficacious as twice-weekly 60-minute CR in improving functional capacity, general and disease-specific QOL, resting HR, and PA levels in patients with persistent and permanent AF.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02602457
Does long‐term phenytoin have a place in Dravet syndrome?
Authors: Zographos George A. , Russ‐Hall Sophie J. , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnti‐seizure medications that block sodium channels are generally considered contraindicated in Dravet syndrome. There is, however, considerable debate about the sodium‐channel blocker phenytoin, which is often used for status epilepticus, a frequent feature of Dravet syndrome. We describe four patients with Dravet syndrome in whom long‐term phenytoin therapy reduced seizure frequency and duration. In two patients, phenytoin produced prolonged periods without status epilepticus for the first time. Attempting to wean phenytoin in all patients after 1 to 20 years of use resulted in seizure exacerbation. Reintroducing phenytoin improved seizure control, suggesting phenytoin is beneficial in some patients with Dravet syndrome.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium‐Nonequilibrium Competition in Nanofilaments for Achieving Complementary Electronic Synapses
Authors: Guo Jiawei , Li Wenhao , Liao Yitao , Shen Yiwei , Wang Kun , Suk Chan Hee , Zhou Xiongtu , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing , Guo Tailiang , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the human brain, the natural complementary behaviors of synapse connections, which are enhanced and weakened through the participation of astrocytes and microglias, play an important role in the process of training and memory. Even though memristors based on the electrochemical metallization mechanism (ECM) have great potential in realizing electronic synapses (e‐synapses), the lack of complementary ECM e‐synapses has, to a certain extent, hindered the construction of artificial neural networks. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium‐nonequilibrium competition (TC) in nanofilaments is meticulously designed by modifying the metal‐ion nanochannels to achieve complementary ECM e‐synapses. The evolution in the morphology of a TC‐induced nanofilament includes a thinning behavior of the nanofilaments caused by electrical stimulation and a coarsening behavior caused by metal‐ion chelation. The TC effect leads to a decrease in the conductance under positive pulse stimulation and to an increase in the conductance while resting, these behaviors being exactly complementary to those of a conventional ECM e‐synapse. Finally, the feasibility of fabricating logic gate circuits with learning capability based on complementary ECM e‐synapses is verified using behavioral‐level modeling. These ECM e‐synapses with complementary functions are expected to be significant to researchers in the field of large neural network systems.
A Tumor‐Specific Platform of Peroxynitrite Triggering Ferroptosis of Cancer Cells
Authors: Huang Daipeng , Huang Haiqiao , Li Mingle , Fan Jiangli , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Long Saran , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a potent oxidant and nucleophile participating in a variety of pathophysiological processes as well as playing a major role in cancer therapy. However, the intracellular environment of solid tumors severely restricts the production of ONOO−, which leads to an unsatisfactory anticancer effect. Here, a tumor‐specific platform for ONOO− generation, prepared by linking a type I photosensitizer with a GSH‐responsive NO donor, is constructed to overcome the tumor hypoxic microenvironment and enhance treatment efficiency (NBS‐2S‐NO). Responding to the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) within tumors, NBS‐2S‐NO can selectively induce ONOO− generation after a cascade including red light irradiation causing superoxide radical (O2•−) production, GSH‐triggered NO release, and fast reaction between O2•− and NO. The generated ONOO− can cause oxidative damage to tumor cells, induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) during the cell death process and finally cause ferroptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo outcomes demonstrate the notable anticancer ferroptosis efficacy of this platform, suggesting not only an effective ferroptosis strategy for the design of new photosensitizers but also a worthy of reference for antioxidant regulation to enhance the oxidative damage during the tumor treatment process.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Mondal Aniruddha , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogen is an efficient, clean, and economical energy source, owing to its huge energy density. Electrochemical water splitting is a potential candidate for inexpensive and eco‐friendly hydrogen production. Recently, the development of 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials with a variety of physicochemical properties has shown their potential as eminent non‐noble metal‐based nanoscale electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Nanostructuring such materials induces deep modification of their functionalities, compared to their bulk counterparts. High density of different types of exposed active sites is formed, and the small diffusion paths, which enhances the electron transfer in the 2D structures, can successfully aid the charge collection process in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. In this review, the key parameters to improve the catalyst performance of 2D TMDs in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) processes are discussed in detail and the most recent developments in the field are summarized, focusing on the improvement of the electrocatalytic activity of 2D TMDs. This review delivers deep insight for the clear understanding of the potential of 2D TMDs nanoscale materials as electrocatalysts for HER, suggesting the development of new type of catalyst with efficient activity in HER as well as other renewable energy fields.
Coupling Methanol Oxidation with Hydrogen Evolution on Bifunctional Co‐Doped Rh Electrocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Guo Yan , Yang Xiaobo , Liu Xingchen , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEfficient hydrogen production from electrochemical overall water splitting requires high‐performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and a fast oxidation reaction to replace sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, Co‐doped Rh nanoparticles are thus grown on carbon black using Co nanosheets as the bridge. These nanoparticles with a size of ≈1.94 nm exhibit the overpotential of as low as 2 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the HER, and a mass activity of as high as 889 mA mg−1 for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline media. As confirmed by density functional theory simulations, such excellent activity originates from Co‐doping, which reduces reaction energy barriers for both the rate‐determining step of a Volmer process during the HER and the conversion of *CO to COOH* during the MOR (namely the enhanced adsorption of H2O and COOH*). Coupling boosted HER on the cathode with accelerated MOR on the anode, efficient H2 generation is achieved. This two‐electrode cell only requires a cell voltage of 1.545 V at 10 mA cm−2 with impressive long‐life cycling stability. Such performance even outperforms that of commercial Pt/C || IrO2 cell. This study offers a new strategy to achieve efficient HER from overall water splitting.
Bone‐Adhesive Anisotropic Tough Hydrogel Mimicking Tendon Enthesis
Authors: Choi Suji , Moon Jong Ryul , Park Nuri , Im Jihye , Kim Ye Eun , Kim Ji‐Heung , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTendon consists of soft collagen, yet it is mechanically strong and firmly adhered to the bone owing to its hierarchically anisotropic structure and unique tendon‐to‐bone integration (enthesis), respectively. Despite the recent advances in biomaterials, hydrogels simultaneously providing tendon‐like high mechanical properties and strong adhesion to bone‐mimicking enthesis is still challenging. Here, a strong, stiff, and adhesive triple‐network (TN) anisotropic hydrogel that mimics a bone‐adhering tendon is shown. The tough adhesive TN hydrogel is developed by combining imidazole‐containing polyaspartamide (providing multiple hydrogen bonds to the bone surface) and energy‐dissipative alginate–polyacrylamide double‐network. To mimic the anisotropic structure and high mechanical properties of tendons, the bone‐adhered TN hydrogel is linearly stretched and subsequently fixed via secondary cross‐linking. The resulting hydrogel exhibits high tensile modulus and strength while maintaining a high bone adhesion without chemical modification of the bone surface. Furthermore, a bone–ligament–bone structure with strong bone adhesion reminiscent of the natural ligament is realized.