bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring young Australians’ understanding of sustainable and healthy diets: a qualitative study
Authors: Ronto Rimante , Saberi Golsa , Carins Julia , Papier Keren , Fox Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:This qualitative study aimed to explore young Australians’ perspectives, motivators and current practices in achieving a sustainable and healthy diet.Design:Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with young Australians. Interviews were audio-recorded using the online Zoom platform, transcribed and analysed using a deductive analysis method by applying the Theoretical Domains Framework and inductive thematic data analysis.Setting:Young Australians recruited via social media platforms, noticeboard announcements and flyers.Subjects:Twenty-two Australians aged 18 to 25 years.Results:The majority of participants were aware of some aspects of a sustainable and healthy diet and indicated the need to reduce meat intake, increase intake of plant-based foods, reduce food wastage and packaging and reduce food miles. Young adults were motivated to adopt more sustainable dietary practices but reported that individual and environmental factors such as low food literacy, limited food preparation and cooking skills, lack of availability and accessibility of environmentally friendly food options and costs associated with sustainable and healthy diets hindered their ability to do so.Conclusions:Given the barriers faced by many of our participants, there is a need for interventions aimed at improving food literacy and food preparation and cooking skills as well as those that create food environments that make it easy to select sustainable and healthy diets. Future research is needed for longitudinal larger scale quantitative studies to confirm our qualitative findings. In addition, the development and evaluation of individual and micro-environmental-based interventions promote sustainable and healthy diets more comprehensively.
A New Ocean State After Nuclear War
Authors: Harrison Cheryl S. , Rohr Tyler , DuVivier Alice , Maroon Elizabeth A. , Bachman Scott , Bardeen Charles G. , Coupe Joshua , Garza Victoria , Heneghan Ryan , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Neubauer Philipp , Rangel Victor , Robock Alan , Scherrer Kim , Stevenson Samantha , Toon Owen B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNuclear war would produce dire global consequences for humans and our environment. We simulated climate impacts of US‐Russia and India‐Pakistan nuclear wars in an Earth System Model, here, we report on the ocean impacts. Like volcanic eruptions and large forest fires, firestorms from nuclear war would transport light‐blocking aerosols to the stratosphere, resulting in global cooling. The ocean responds over two timescales: a rapid cooling event and a long recovery, indicating a hysteresis response of the ocean to global cooling. Surface cooling drives sea ice expansion, enhanced meridional overturning, and intensified ocean vertical mixing that is expanded, deeper, and longer lasting. Phytoplankton production and community structure are highly modified by perturbations to light, temperature, and nutrients, resulting in initial decimation of production, especially at high latitudes. A new physical and biogeochemical ocean state results, characterized by shallower pycnoclines, thermoclines, and nutriclines, ventilated deep water masses, and thicker Arctic sea ice. Persistent changes in nutrient limitation drive a shift in phytoplankton community structure, resulting in increased diatom populations, which in turn increase iron scavenging and iron limitation, especially at high latitudes. In the largest US‐Russia scenario (150 Tg), ocean recovery is likely on the order of decades at the surface and hundreds of years at depth, while changes to Arctic sea‐ice will likely last thousands of years, effectively a “Nuclear Little Ice Age.” Marine ecosystems would be highly disrupted by both the initial perturbation and in the new ocean state, resulting in long‐term, global impacts to ecosystem services such as fisheries.
Terrestrial Stilling Projected to Continue in the Northern Hemisphere Mid‐Latitudes
Authors: Deng K. , Liu W. , Azorin‐Molina C. , Yang S. , Li H. , Zhang G. , Minola L. , Chen D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe near‐surface wind speed over land has declined in recent decades, a trend known as terrestrial stilling (TS). However, recent studies have indicated a reversal of the TS during the last decade, triggering renovated interest in the future wind speed changes. This study examines the TS over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land areas and explores its future changes under Model Inter‐comparison Projection Phase 6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. The results show that the NH mid‐latitude TS will likely continue during the whole 21st century under mid‐to‐high greenhouse warmings (SSPs‐245, 370, and 585). Nevertheless, if the world reduces carbon emissions substantially (SSP‐126), the TS will be interrupted and likely reversed after the mid‐21st century. The projected TS shows seasonal differences, with the largest (smallest) decreasing trends of wind speed in boreal summer (winter). Moreover, the TS reversal during the last decade is suggested as a multi‐decadal fluctuation related to the Pacific and Atlantic multi‐decadal oscillations. In addition, this study proposes that increased upper‐air warming in the future climate could play a key role in reducing the NH mid‐latitude surface wind speed. The continuing TS provides strong implications for the near‐surface environment and wind energy development, particularly for countries in the NH mid‐latitudes.
WUS256: An Adjoint Waveform Tomography Model of the Crust and Upper Mantle of the Western United States for Improved Waveform Simulations
Authors: Rodgers A. , Krischer L. , Afanasiev M. , Boehm C. , Doody C. , Chiang A. , Simmons N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a new model (WUS256) of radially anisotropic seismic wavespeeds of the crust and upper mantle of the western United States (WUS) obtained from adjoint waveform tomography for the purpose of improving synthetic waveform fits to observed data. WUS256 is based on inversion of over 94,000 waveforms from 72 earthquakes recorded by nearly 3,400 stations. We started with the SPiRaL global model (Simmons et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab277) and waveforms in the period band of 50–120 s. We followed a conservative multiscale inversion approach with eight stages and 256 total inversion iterations which enabled monotonic misfit reduction to 20‐s minimum‐period waves. WUS256 relied on time‐frequency (TF) phase misfits and a trust region limited memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L‐BFGS) optimization. Hessian‐vector products were used to qualitatively assess model resolution. Results indicate that WUS256 has good coverage of the continental regions to depths of about 150 km and is able to resolve features on lateral scales of about 200 km. We quantify waveform fits by the reduction in TF and normalized amplitude difference misfits between WUS256 and the SPiRaL starting model. WUS256 significantly improves waveform fits with misfit reduction 64% for both inversion and validation data sets compared to the SPiRaL starting model and shows even better fits compared to other models. Waveform fits illustrate that WUS256 reproduces body‐waves, fundamental mode surface waves as well as late arriving dispersed and/or scattered short period surface waves. The improvement in waveform fit indicates that WUS256 can be used to reproduce path effects on regional complete waveforms and moment tensor inversions.
Long‐Term Patterns of Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics in the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Qian Wei , Zhang Shi , Tong Chuan , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Li Xiaofei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLong‐term patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) in estuarine and coastal waters remain poorly understood. Here we summarized DO concentrations and analyzed the crucial drivers of hypoxia in northwestern and southern Hong Kong and Mirs Bay over the past three decades. Deoxygenation was weak in the bottom water in northwestern Hong Kong, although DO was consistently undersaturated, whereas the annual minimum DO in the bottom water exhibited a significant decrease in southern Hong Kong (−0.06 ± 0.01 mg L−1 yr−1) and Mirs Bay (−0.10 ± 0.02 mg L−1 yr−1). Seasonal hypoxia in the bottom water was accompanied by supersaturated DO and high Chl‐a in surface waters of southern Hong Kong, indicating a crucial role of local extensive productivity in the oxygen depletion of the bottom water. The rapid deoxygenation was also attributed to the water stratification preventing oxygen replenishment in southern Hong Kong and the predeoxygenation of bottom water retained in Mirs Bay. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations have increased from 1 to 3 mg N L−1, which increased the primary productivity contributing to the decrease in water DO over the past three decades. Therefore, these results suggest that biological oxygen consumption and seasonal stratification are mainly driving the formation and maintenance of hypoxia in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent areas.
Quality Improvement in Pediatrics: Survey Needs Assessment for Ambulatory Pediatric Specialties (SNAAPS)
Authors: Rice Katlyn , Alpert-Gillis Linda , Cohen Andrew , Scharf Michael 
Published: July 2022

Objective: This article describes a pediatric quality improvement (QI) initiative designed to improve access to behavioral health (BH) care across pediatric specialty clinics. Mental health concerns and chronic health conditions are undertreated in American youth. By implementing a robust biopsychosocial model of care, behavioral health integration (BHI) across pediatric specialty clinics provides opportunities to address mental health concerns, reduce access barriers to mental health care, decrease mental health stigma, improve care continuity, and increase effectiveness of medical care provided. Method: The Survey Needs Assessment in Ambulatory Pediatric Specialties (SNAAPS) was developed and implemented within the pediatric QI initiative following the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle. The SNAAPS was used to assess medical provider identification of challenging mental health concerns and perceived need for BHI. Results: Results were shared with department stakeholders to inform new integration efforts. Providers reported highest demand for BHI to address issues of depression, anxiety, distress regarding medical diagnosis and treatment, and treatment adherence. Providers reported several BH concerns created barriers to effective medical care and providers only sometimes felt successful in overcoming these barriers to conducting medical care. Conclusions: Demand for BHI was clear across many specialties. Using the SNAAPS as part of the PDSA cycle was a useful process to inform new BHI efforts and therefore facilitate improved effectiveness and quality of health care. Implications for Impact Statement This study provides an organizational model and needs assessment survey that can be used to improve access to behavioral health care across pediatric specialty clinics. Results demonstrated that pediatric specialty providers identified several behavioral health concerns that created barriers to their patients’ medical care, which could be addressed by integrating behavioral health services directly into pediatric specialty clinics. Further, using the SNAAPS within the quality improvement context (following the PDSA cycle) was a useful strategy to increase access to behavioral health care in an evidence-based, resource-sensitive way.
Suicidality in Bereaved Parents Within Pediatric Institutions: Recommendations for Managing Ethical Challenges
Authors: Patten Joanna T. , Hoag Jennifer A. , Galtieri Liana R. , Canavera Kristin , Thompson Amanda L. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Illness remains among the leading causes of death for children in the United States. Bereaved parents are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes, including suicidal ideation and death by suicide. Although professional ethics and national standards recommend psychosocial care for parents of children with chronic or life-limiting illnesses, there are ethical challenges associated with managing parent suicidality within a pediatric institution. Method: We present two cases illustrating the ethical challenges of responding to suicide risk in parents experiencing bereavement within pediatric institutions. Lack of systematic psychosocial support or standard operating procedures (SOP) in both cases resulted in several ethical concerns and suboptimal clinical care. Results: We reference the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct ( American Psychological Association [APA], 2017 ) and apply an ethical framework ( Andrews, 2021 ) for delivering psychological services to parents in pediatric institutions in these two cases. We describe the ethical challenges of: Conflicting interests of parent and child, multiple relationships, documentation and billing, informed consent, provider competence, and systemic racism within health care and law enforcement when managing suicide risk of grieving parents. Conclusions: We discuss practices for the ethical management of suicide risk in parents experiencing bereavement within a pediatric institution. We provide recommendations for clinical practice and organizational policy, as well as strategies to improve assessment and management of parental suicidality and suggestions for future research. Implications for Impact Statement Clinical management of suicide risk in bereaved parents within pediatric institutions is complicated by a range of ethical concerns, which often underlie organizational barriers and practical challenges of caring for these parents. This article includes illustrative case examples, provides clinical and practical recommendations, and prepares pediatric psychologists and health care settings to develop standardized operating procedures to care for this vulnerable population.
On-chip beam rotators, adiabatic mode converters, and waveplates through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections
Authors: Sun Bangshan , Morozko Fyodor , Salter Patrick S. , Moser Simon , Pong Zhikai , Patel Raj B. , Walmsley Ian A. , Wang Mohan , Hazan Adir , Barré Nicolas , Jesacher Alexander , Fells Julian , He Chao , Katiyi Aviad , Tian Zhen-Nan , Karabchevsky Alina , Booth Martin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhotonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss, in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating light. Here, we report a new method for femtosecond laser writing of optical-fiber-compatible glass waveguides, namely spherical phase-induced multicore waveguide (SPIM-WG), which addresses this challenging task with three-dimensional on-chip light control. Fabricating in the heating regime with high scanning speed, precise deformation of cross-sections is still achievable along the waveguide, with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal directions. We observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017, low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm, and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single-mode fiber. SPIM-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles, or manipulate the polarization state of propagating light for target wavelengths. We also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric nonuniform modes; examples include circular, elliptical modes, and asymmetric modes from ppKTP (periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate) waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light sources. Created inside optical glass, these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared wavelengths. The compatibility with optical fiber also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry, which usually needs input and output fiber connections.
Next-day manufacture of a novel anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: first-in-human clinical study
Authors: Yang Junfang , He Jiaping , Zhang Xian , Li Jingjing , Wang Zhenguang , Zhang Yongliang , Qiu Liyuan , Wu Qionglu , Sun Zhe , Ye Xun , Yin Wenjie , Cao Wei , Shen Lianjun , Sersch Martina , Lu Peihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo improve clinical outcomes and shorten the vein-to-vein time of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, we developed the FasT CAR-T (F-CAR-T) next-day manufacturing platform. We report the preclinical and first-in-human clinical studies evaluating the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of CD19 F-CAR-T in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). CD19 F-CAR-T cells demonstrated excellent proliferation with a younger cellular phenotype, less exhaustion, and more effective tumor elimination compared to conventional CAR-T cells in the preclinical study. In our phase I study (NCT03825718), F-CAR-T cells were successfully manufactured and infused in all of the 25 enrolled pediatric and adult patients with B-ALL. CD19 F-CAR-T safety profile was manageable with 24% grade 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 28% grade 3/4 neurotoxicity occurring predominantly in pediatric patients. On day 14, 23/25 patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remission (CR), and 20 subsequently underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) within 3 months post F-CAR-T therapy. Fifteen of 20 patients were disease-free with a median remission duration of 734 days. One patient relapsed and 4/20 died from transplant-related mortality. Of the three patients who did not undergo allo-HSCT, two remained in CR until 10 months post-F-CAR-T. Our data indicate that anti-CD19 FasT CAR-T shows promising early efficacy for B-ALL. Further evaluations in larger clinical studies are needed.
HOTAIR/miR-1277-5p/ZEB1 axis mediates hypoxia-induced oxaliplatin resistance via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer
Authors: Weng Xingyue , Liu Hao , Ruan Jian , Du Miaoyan , Wang Lingjie , Mao Jiayan , Cai Ying , Lu Xuemei , Chen Wei , Huang Yaqing , Zhi Xiao , Shan Jianzhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hypoxic microenvironment contributes to the chemoresistance of many malignant tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of lncRNAs in hypoxia-mediated resistance in CRC and its potential mechanism. Here, we discovered that hypoxia-induced oxaliplatin resistance and HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) expression was increased in hypoxia-treated CRC cell lines and CRC tumors. Knockdown of HOTAIR by siRNA reduced the viability and proliferation of CRC cells treated with oxaliplatin and reversed hypoxia-induced resistance. Mechanically, we found that HOTAIR modulates zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) expression by negative regulations of miR-1277-5p. When miR-1277-5p was silenced, knockdown of HOTAIR was unable to reduce the oxaliplatin resistance in CRC cells. In mouse models of CRC, HOTAIR knockdown markedly inhibited the tumor growth when treated with oxaliplatin. Thus, HOTAIR/miR-1277-5p/ZEB1 axis appears a promising therapeutic target for improving the oxaliplatin efficacy in CRC.
A previously uncharacterized gene, PA2146, contributes to biofilm formation and drug tolerance across the ɣ-Proteobacteria
Authors: Kaleta Matthew F. , Petrova Olga E. , Zampaloni Claudia , Garcia-Alcalde Fernando , Parker Matthew , Sauer Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscriptomic studies have revealed a large number of uncharacterized genes that are differentially expressed in biofilms, which may be important in regulating biofilm phenotypes such as resistance to antimicrobial agents. To identify biofilm genes of unknown function in P. aeruginosa, we made use of RNA-seq and selected 27 uncharacterized genes that were induced upon biofilm growth. Biofilms by respective mutants were subsequently analyzed for two biofilm characteristics, the biofilm architecture and drug susceptibility. The screen revealed 12 out of 27 genes to contribute to biofilm formation and 13 drug susceptibility, with 8 genes affecting both biofilm phenotypes. Amongst the genes affecting both biofilm phenotypes was PA2146, encoding a small hypothetical protein that exhibited some of the most substantial increases in transcript abundance during biofilm growth by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and clinical isolates. PA2146 is highly conserved in ɣ-proteobacteria. Inactivation of PA2146 affected both biofilm phenotypes in P. aeruginosa PAO1, with inactivation of homologs in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli having similar effects. Heterologous expression of PA2146 homologs complemented the P. aeruginosa ∆PA2146, suggesting that PA2146 homologs substitute for and play a similar role as PA2146 in P. aeruginosa.
Photoinduced small electron polarons generation and recombination in hematite
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhu Yonghao , Zhou Zhaohui , Long Run , Fang Wei-Hai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolarons generally affect adversely the photochemical and photophysical properties of transition metal oxides. However, the excited-state dynamics of polarons are not fully established to date and thus require an atomistic understanding. We focus on α-Fe2O3 with photoexcitation, electron injection, and heterovalent doping as the small polaron models, and conduct simulations of ab initio adiabatic molecular dynamics (AIMD) and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD). The elaborately designed AIMD simulations show that localization of electron at a single Fe site is an adiabatic and ultrafast process within sub-15 fs. Fe2O3 doping with an electron or a Si and Ti dopant forms a localized electron polaron while photoexcitation forms localized electron and hole polarons simultaneously, leading to diverse electron–hole recombination dynamics. NA-MD simulations demonstrate that recombination of an electron polaron created by doping with a delocalized hole at the valence band maximum of α-Fe2O3 takes place around 5 ps, while recombination between a pair of small electron and hole polarons in photoexcited Fe2O3 delays to about 110 ps owing to weak NA coupling and fast decoherence process. The ultrafast formation of small electron polarons in α-Fe2O3 impedes the accumulation of delocalized holes in the valence band that directly participate in water oxidation at photoanodes. The detrimental effect can be partially circumvented in photoexcited Fe2O3 for slowing electron–hole recombination despite polarons may retain low charge mobility. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the excited-state dynamics of small electron polaron in α-Fe2O3 and may help design efficient transition metal oxides photoanodes.
Approaching Heisenberg-scalable thermometry with built-in robustness against noise
Authors: Zhang Da-Jian , Tong D. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is a major goal in quantum thermometry to reach a 1/N scaling of thermometric precision known as Heisenberg scaling but is still in its infancy to date. The main obstacle is that the resources typically required are highly entangled states, which are very difficult to produce and extremely vulnerable to noises. Here, we propose an entanglement-free scheme of thermometry to approach Heisenberg scaling for a wide range of N, which has built-in robustness irrespective of the type of noise in question. Our scheme is amenable to a variety of experimental setups. Moreover, it can be used as a basic building block for promoting previous proposals of thermometry to reach Heisenberg scaling, and its applications are not limited to thermometry but can be straightforwardly extended to other metrological tasks.