bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite‐Based Electrocatalysts for Cost‐Effective Ultrahigh‐Current‐Density Water Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Cell
Authors: Tang Jiayi , Xu Xiaomin , Tang Tony , Zhong Yijun , Shao Zongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDevelopment of cost‐effective water splitting technology that allows low‐overpotential operation at high current density with non‐precious catalysts is the key for large‐scale hydrogen production. Herein, it is demonstrated that the versatile perovskite‐based oxides, usually applied for operating at low current density and room temperature in alkaline solution, can be developed into low‐cost, highly active and durable electrocatalysts for operating at high current densities in a zero‐gap anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cell (AEMEC). The composite perovskite with mixed phases of Ruddlesden–Popper and single perovskite is applied as the anode in AEMEC and exhibits highly promising performance with an overall water‐splitting current density of 2.01 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of only 2.00 V at 60 °C with stable performance. The elevated temperature to promote anion diffusion in membrane boosts oxygen evolution kinetics by enhancing lattice‐oxygen participation. The bifunctionality of perovskites further promises the more cost‐effective symmetrical AEMEC configuration, and a primary cell with the composite perovskite as both electrodes delivers 3.00 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of only 2.42 V. This work greatly expands the use of perovskites as robust electrocatalysts for industrial water splitting at high current density with great practical application merit.
Privacy in smart speakers: A systematic literature review
Authors: Maccario Guglielmo , Naldi Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractParallel to the increasing use of smart speakers (aka virtual assistants), privacy concerns emerge. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the literature on privacy issues in smart speakers. Both Scopus and Web of Science databases are examined, as well as the preprint repository arXiv, to take into account the most recent contributions. That literature exhibits a continuously growing trend in the last 4 years, with the USA being the single largest contributor to the field. The topics debated in the literature concern the perception of privacy issues, their contribution to adoption choices, the identification of vulnerabilities, the proposal of possible countermeasures, and (last and least) the analysis of the legal cases that are arising.
Impact of a Full Range of Amylose Level on Pasting and Gelling Properties of Barley Starches at High‐Temperature Heating
Authors: Ren Yikai , Liang Wenxin , Zhong Yuyue , Hebelstrup Kim Henrik , Blennow Andreas , Ai Yongfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPasting and gelling behaviors of barley starches isolated from Cinnamon (waxy of 3.3% apparent amylose; WB), Golden Promise (normal of 26.2% amylose; NB), and amylose‐only (high‐amylose of 97.8% amylose; AO) varieties were examined over 95–140 °C cooking. Gelatinization temperatures of AO starch were significantly higher than those of WB and NB, thereby the former displaying negligible pasting viscosity at 95 °C heating. At 140 °C, AO starch was completely gelatinized and able to develop viscosity, particularly at the final pasting stage. Gel hardness of NB gradually decreased with higher cooking temperatures. After 140 °C cooking and storage, only AO starch formed a gel, exhibiting the largest hardness among the studied gels or pastes. Gelation mechanisms of the barley starches at 95—140 °C cooking were elucidated by visualizing their gel/paste microstructures under scanning electron microscopy. The insightful information on the physicochemical properties of the barley starches possessing 3.3–97.8% amylose will be meaningful for their industrial applications.
From Peptide Nucleic Acids to Supramolecular Structures of Nucleic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kovács Lajos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNucleic acids play a pivotal role in life processes. The endeavours to shed light on the essential properties of these intriguing building blocks led us to the synthesis of different analogues and the investigation of their properties. First various peptide nucleic acid monomers and oligomers have been synthesized, using an Fmoc/acyl protecting group strategy, and their properties studied. The serendipitous discovery of a side reaction of coupling agents led us to the elaboration of a peptide sequencing method. The capricious behaviour of guanine derivatives spurred the determination of their substitution pattern using 13C, 15N NMR, and mass spectrometric methods. The properties of guanines initiated the logical transition to the study of supramolecular systems composed of purine analogues. Thus, xanthine and uracil derivatives have been obtained and their supramolecular self‐assembly properties scrutinized in gas, solid, and liquid states and at solid‐liquid interfaces.
High spin Fe(III)‐doped nanostructures as T1 MR imaging probes
Authors: Botta Mauro , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Tei Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents based on Fe(III) as an alternative to Gd‐based compounds have been under intense scrutiny in the last 6–8 years and a number of nanostructures have been designed and proposed for in vivo diagnostic and theranostic applications. Excluding the large family of superparamagnetic iron oxides widely used as T2‐MR imaging agents that will not be covered by this review, a considerable number and type of nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed, ranging from amphiphilic polymer‐based NPs, NPs containing polyphenolic binding units such as melanin‐like or polycatechols, mixed metals such as Fe/Gd or Fe/Au NPs and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions. Iron(III) exhibits several favorable magnetic properties, high biocompatibility and improved toxicity profile that place it as the paramagnetic ion of choice for the next generation of nanosized MRI and theranostic contrast agents. An analysis of the examples reported in the last decade will show the opportunities for relaxivity and MR‐contrast enhancement optimization that could bring Fe(III)‐doped NPs to really compete with Gd(III)‐based nanosystems.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Local discontinuous Galerkin method for a third‐order singularly perturbed problem of reaction–diffusion type
Authors: Yan Li , Cheng Yao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA third‐order singularly perturbed problem of reaction–diffusion type is solved numerically by the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method. By using the local Gauss–Radau projection for the primal variable u, but local L2 projection for the two auxiliary variables p and q, we obtain an optimal convergence rate of order (or up to a logarithmic factor) in the energy norm, uniformly in the singular perturbation parameter. Here is the degree of the piecewise polynomials used in the discrete space and N is the number of mesh intervals. The layer‐adapted meshes are used including a standard Shishkin mesh, a Bakhvalov–Shishkin mesh, and a Bakhvalov‐type mesh. Numerical experiments are given to show the sharpness of our theoretical results.
A Checklist of the Arachnids from the Gulf of Guinea Islands (Excluding Ticks and Mites)
Authors: Crews Sarah C. , Esposito Lauren A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile historic efforts to document the arachnofauna of the Gulf of Guinea islands have primarily been the result of fortuitous collecting by non-specialists, recent efforts have been made to provide a more thorough documentation using systematic, targeted collecting methods. Results from those preliminary efforts indicate that the current formal scientific knowledge of the fauna is significantly underreported. Here, we present the first checklist of all arachnid species, excluding mites and ticks, for the Gulf of Guinea islands. We hope that this will serve as a guide to begin the immense work of documenting the true diversity represented in this unique archipelago.
Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón
Authors: Dijkstra Klaas-Douwe B. , Tate Russell B. , Papazian Michel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) fauna of the oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea is impoverished, even compared to other Afrotropical archipelagoes, with a combined total of 22 species recorded with certainty on São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón. Trithemis nigra Longfield, 1936 from Príncipe is the only known endemic, although two reported but unidentified species may still prove to be endemic too. Most recorded species occur widely across and beyond Africa, and 27 equally widespread species are listed as potential additions. Several hypotheses for the fauna’s impoverishment are briefly discussed.
Cetaceans of São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Carvalho Inês , Pereira Andreia , Martinho Francisco , Vieira Nina , Brito Cristina , Guedes Márcio , Loloum Bastien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea is a marine biodiversity hotspot, but cetacean fauna in these waters is poorly studied and our knowledge is documented mostly from opportunistic (sightings and strandings) and whaling data. This chapter presents a short review of historical whaling in the Gulf of Guinea and an update of cetacean biodiversity in the waters of São Tomé and Príncipe. Observations since 2002 have confirmed the presence of 12 species of cetaceans, 5 of them new to the region (Striped Dolphin, Rough-toothed Dolphin, Risso’s Dolphin, Pygmy Killer Whale, and Dwarf Sperm Whale). The archipelago seems to be an important area for cetaceans, with some species (Bottlenose Dolphin and Pantropical Spotted Dolphin) being present throughout the year. The volcanic origin of the archipelago produces great depths very close to the coast, which may favor the approach of pelagic species like Sperm Whales, Killer Whales, and Short-finned Pilot Whales. Bays and shallow waters may also serve as protection or rest areas for particular groups, like mother and calf pairs of Humpback Whales. Major anthropogenic threats to cetaceans in São Tomé and Príncipe include habitat degradation due to overfishing, fisheries interactions, possibly some occasionally directed takes and, more recently, oil and gas prospecting. Consistent and dedicated research to inform national legislation, together with increasing environmental awareness and local engagement, would help to identify effective cetacean conservation strategies in the archipelago.
The History of Biological Research in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Santos Bruna S. , Viegas Sofia B. , Paiva Jorge , Figueiredo Estrela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón) have been the focus of biological research for over two hundred years. Following small surveys that generated modest collections in the eighteenth and early mid-nineteenth century, European institutions commissioned several exploratory missions to the region that resulted in the first major catalogues of its biodiversity. The following century brought a new wave of research investment, mostly driven by the colonial interests. After the independence of both Equatorial Guinea and São Tomé and Príncipe, novel research trends focusing on conservation aspects of biodiversity research emerged. Here we present a chronological review of the zoological and botanical expeditions to the region, commenting on their major results, collectors, and the naturalists who studied them.
Species Ecology in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands: Distribution, Habitat Preferences, Assemblages, and Interactions
Authors: Soares Filipa C. , Hancock Joana M. , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Maia Hugulay Albuquerque , Stévart Tariq , de Lima Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón) are an exceptional centre of endemism for flora and fauna. Remarkable progress has been made in biological research during the last few decades: from species being described and reported for the first time, to general patterns of species-habitat associations found across terrestrial, coastal, and marine taxa. Despite this increase in knowledge, key aspects of Gulf of Guinea species ecology remain poorly understood. This chapter reviews existing knowledge on the biodiversity of the islands, focusing on species distributions, population abundance estimates, traits, habitat associations and interactions. To promote these islands as ecological models, and to ensure the future of their endemic-rich biodiversity, it is essential to overcome current knowledge gaps and reduce existing taxonomic, spatial, and temporal biases in the information available. Therefore, future studies should favour systematic island-wide surveys and prioritize understudied areas and taxonomic groups. Moreover, long-term monitoring studies are urgently needed to assess biodiversity trends and to advise conservation actions. The future of ecological research and conservation of the unique biodiversity of these islands must increasingly rely on the development of local biodiversity-focused scientific expertise, through outreach, capacity building, and advanced training, paired with international collaborations and the development of local organizations.
Is Twitter for the Birds? The Young and the Restless Don’t Think So
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the relevance and identifies the affordances of social media for civic education. Most people use social media, including nearly all young people (Pew, 2018; Pew, 2015). Social media also functions as a place of civic participation and has affordances which support online and offline civic learning and engagement. Social media users are co-creators and co-curators of content, making social media an active and interactive space. Social media can disrupt or support hegemonic structures, maintaining or challenging power. In short, social media is where people, particularly youth and people in power, are, and it is a space in which to practice civic skillsin vivo.
(Digital) Citizenship: Dissenting from Indifference
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter shares the one primary finding of a study of high-school teachers who included Twitter as part of their civic education teaching. Teachers in this study believed that students should be prepared to engage in the civic sphere in both online and offline spaces, and thus felt a responsibility to teach students about both sides of civic life. Teachers felt that there was no real dichotomy between online and offline citizenship and that the term digital citizenship was detrimental to encouraging students’ civic participation.
The Margins Don’t Get Erased by Simply Insisting that the Powers That Be Erase Them: Social Media as a Disrupter
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCivic education in the United States is inequitable across racial and socioeconomic lines. At the same time, social media can maintain or disrupt oppressive power structures. This chapter discusses how, in a study of teachers using Twitter for civic education, most of the teachers wanted to use social media with their students to disrupt unjust systems in their communities. Although the teachers were not yet as successful in changing these unequitable systems as they would have hoped, this chapter presents social media as a potential challenge to those unjust systems. Students who are further marginalized or vulnerable can find community and connection via social media, and social media can serve as a tool for civic participation and activism which promotes individual and community thriving. This chapter also discusses how teachers can support students in using social media for social justice-oriented civic participation.
For the Sake of Our Children? A Mixed-Methods Study of the Family Dynamics of Intra-European Mobility Among Somalis
Authors: de Hoon Marloes , van Liempt Ilse 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter adds to a young body of literature exploring the patterns of and motivations for the intra-EU mobility of non-EU migrants. As explanatory factors of these mobilities, recent studies point to the constrained access to work, networks and institutions in the country of residence. The role of children in onward mobilities has received little attention thus far. While offspring are generally theorised as a ‘binding’ factor, research suggests that children can also be central in onward-mobility decision-making. Parents take children’s specific needs and their hopes for their children’s future into consideration within the decision of onward mobility. Children can also move on their own account or stay put while their parents move again. We present a case study to unveil the dynamics within Somali families around the decision to move onwards to the UK. This provides a rich and suitable case, because of the relatively high onward-mobility rates and the great variety in family composition and characteristics. Using a mixed-methods design, we develop, test and contextualise theoretical expectations concerning the relationship between the timing of arrival of children in the host country and their onward migration, with or without their parents. In addition, we empirically address the expectation that independent migration is more common in larger families. A comparison with other young people of refugee background is provided to shed light on the particularities and generalities of our findings.
Ambivalent Entanglements: Syrian Refugees’ Network Relations and (Im)mobilities in Protracted Displacement
Authors: Tobin Sarah A. , Etzold Benjamin , Momani Fawwaz , Adel Al Yakoub Tamara , AlMassad Rola Fares Saleem , Shdefat Ahmad Ghanem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlace-based or territorially confined approaches in forced migration studies are well-suited to investigating how displaced people live and interact with others in certain localities and navigate their way through governance regimes of aid and asylum. They may, however, fail to capture the inherent multi-sitedness of many displaced people’s everyday lives and their translocal connections across the globe. This chapter presents the role of family- and kin-network figurations in mobilities for Syrian refugees in Jordan. As part of the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project ‘Transnational Figurations of Displacement’ (TRAFIG), the chapter asserts that a key prospect for getting out of protracted displacement is the role of figurations, including family- and kin-based networks. Inspired by figurational sociology, the chapter seeks to highlight how ambiguous and uncertain family and kin networks are experienced by Syrian refugees in these ‘translocal figurations of displacement’ and how they impact on their mobility. Utilising 23 interviews – 6 males and 17 females aged between 20 and 49 – we examine the ways in which figurational networks of family and kin shaped and reshape refugees’ experiences with and desires for mobility bothintoandwithinJordan and their aspirationsbeyondJordan. In particular, we find that family and kin networks provide key socio-cultural structures and figurational contours to the mobilities experienced by Syrians through (1) knowledge-sharing and (2) trust-based interactions. We pay careful attention to the idea that future mobility is as much about imaginations and aspirations that reflect the family- and kin-network figurations, which may or may not be grounded in the real possibilities for mobility.
Ronald D. Laings „radical trip“. Zum Verhältnis von Psychiatrie, Anti-Psychiatrie und Wissenschaft in den 1960er Jahren
Authors: Lienhard Marina 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungInspiriert von der amerikanischen Forschung zur Rolle des familiären Umfelds in der Entstehung der Schizophrenie begann der heute als Galionsfigur der britischen Antipsychiatrie bekannte schottische Psychiater Ronald D. Laing Ende der 1950er Jahre mit seinem Kollegen Aaron Esterson ein eigenes Forschungsprojekt. Dabei gelangte er zur Überzeugung, dass die als „schizophren“ Diagnostizierten weit vernünftiger seien als die von sich selbst entfremdeten bürgerlichen Familien. Angetrieben durch diese Perspektive drängte Laing stärker in die Öffentlichkeit und begann sich politisch zu engagieren. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Laings Entwicklung zum Anti-Psychiater und Star der Gegenkultur im Laufe der 1960er Jahre und fragt nach den Gründen und Möglichkeitsbedingungen für diesen Wandel vom Wissenschaftler zum „scientific political activist“.
Gegenexpert*innen: Umwelt, Aktivismus und die regionalen Epistemologien des Widerstandes
Authors: Güttler Nils 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Nachfrage nach „Gegenwissen“ in den sozialen Bewegungen der 1970er und 1980er Jahre wurden „Gegenexpert*innen“ zu einem integralen Bestandteil der Umwelt- und Gesundheitspolitik. Im Umweltbereich waren sie besonders in den ökologisch stark belasteten Industrieregionen und Ballungsgebieten aktiv. Das regionalistische Problembewusstsein der Gegenexpert*innen korrelierte, so die These des Aufsatzes, mit einem Modus von Wissenschaft, der für die Umweltwissenschaften im 20. Jahrhundert insgesamt typisch war. Die Geschichte der Umweltwissenschaften war über das gesamte 20. Jahrhundert hinweg eine Geschichte regionaler Epistemologien. Die Gegenexpert*innen waren aus dem nahräumig formatierten und infrastrukturnahen Feld des Umweltwissens bald nicht mehr wegzudenken. Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert, ausgehend von jeweils einer Publikation, drei umweltpolitische Projekte von Gegenexpert*innen im Rhein-Main-Gebiet um 1980: das Engagement des Umweltpfarrers Kurt Oeser; der epistemische Aktivismus der Gründungsgrünen Jutta Ditfurth; sowie das Programm einer „sozialen Naturwissenschaft“ im Umfeld des Darmstädter Wissenschaftsphilosophen Gernot Böhme.