bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SealFSv2: combining storage-based and ratcheting for tamper-evident logging
Authors: Guardiola-Múzquiz Gorka , Soriano-Salvador Enrique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTamper-evident logging is paramount for forensic audits and accountability subsystems. It is based on a forward integrity model: upon intrusion, the attacker is not able to counterfeit the logging data generated before controlling the system. There are local and distributed solutions to this problem. Distributed solutions are suitable for common scenarios, albeit not appropriate for autonomous and loosely connected systems. Moreover, they can be complex and introduce new security issues. Traditional local tamper-evident logging systems use cryptographic ratchets. In previous works, we presented SealFS (from now on, SealFSv1), a system that follows a radically different approach for local tamper-evident logging based on keystream storage. In this paper, we present a new version, SealFSv2, which combines ratcheting and storage-based log anti-tamper protection. This new approach is flexible and enables the user to decide between complete theoretical security (like in SealFSv1) and partial linear degradation (like in a classical ratchet scheme), exchanging storage for computation with user-defined parameters to balance security and resource usage. We also describe an implementation of this scheme. This implementation, which showcases our approach, is an optimized evolution of the original Linux kernel module. It implements a stackable file system that enables transparent tamper-evident logging to all user space applications and provides instant deployability. Last, we present a complete performance evaluation of our current implementation and a fair performance comparison of the two opposite approaches for local tamper-evident logging (i.e., storage-based vs. ratcheting). This comparison suggests that, on current systems and general-purpose hardware, the storage-based approach and hybrid schemes perform better than the traditional ratchet approach.
Orthostatic blood pressure adaptations, aortic stiffness, and central hemodynamics in the general population: insights from the Malmö Offspring Study (MOS)
Authors: Johansson Madeleine , Fedorowski Artur , Jordan Jens , Engström Gunnar , Nilsson Peter M. , Hamrefors Viktor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Arterial stiffness is independently associated with orthostatic hypotension in older individuals. The relationship between orthostatic blood pressure adaptation and aortic stiffness has not been thoroughly examined in a younger population. We investigated the relationship between orthostatic blood pressure adaptations, central aortic hemodynamics, and aortic stiffness in a cohort of predominantly younger and middle-aged adults.

Methods
We analyzed an observational, population-based study of 5259 individuals living in Malmö, Sweden. We related aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis at the arteria radialis using Sphygmocor to orthostatic blood pressure adaptation after 3 min standing.

Results
The mean age of the population was 41.9 ± 14.5 years, and 52.1% were women. We observed the highest aortic stiffness and central aortic blood pressure measurements in the lowest and highest quartiles of orthostatic systolic blood pressure differences (p < 0.001). Aortic stiffness and central aortic blood pressure gradually decreased across increasing quartiles of orthostatic diastolic blood pressure difference (p < 0.001). After full adjustment, orthostatic diastolic blood pressure remained significantly associated with aortic stiffness (p = 0.001) and central aortic blood pressure (p < 0.001), whereas orthostatic systolic blood pressure was significantly associated only with central aortic systolic blood pressure (p = 0.009). No significant associations were found between subclinical orthostatic hypotension, aortic stiffness, and central hemodynamics.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that altered blood pressure responses to orthostatic challenges, both blood pressure reductions and blood pressure increases, are independently and inversely associated with markers of aortic stiffness (vascular aging) in a predominantly young to middle-aged population.
Green algae monitoring via ground-based GNSS-R observations
Authors: Ban Wei , Zheng Nanshan , Zhang Kefei , Yu Kegen , Chen Shuo , Lu Qi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOutbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) exhibit high frequency, large range and damage aggravation characteristics, but existing monitoring methods, such as artificial and optical near-infrared remote sensing, cannot accommodate these characteristics. We propose a new method for monitoring green algae using Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) observations. The basic principle states that changes in the seawater dielectric constant and sea surface roughness due to the emergence of green algae lead to an increase in brightness temperature, which can be inverted based on the reflection time delay waveform. Shipboard reflection waveform data collected during an Enteromorpha prolifera outbreak in the Qingdao sea area were used for model development and validation of the detection and estimation performance. The results indicated that the root mean square error of GNSS-R-based inversion of the green algae density was 6.74%, indicating the potential of GNSS-R technology for rapid preliminary monitoring of green algae. Moreover, the advantages of a low cost, short return time and no climatic limitations support GNSS-R technology as a new and efficient means of green algae monitoring.
Iterative solution methods for 3D controlled-source electromagnetic forward modelling of geophysical exploration scenarios
Authors: Weiss Michael , Neytcheva Maya , Kalscheuer Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe develop an efficient and robust iterative framework suitable for solving the linear system of equations resulting from the spectral element discretisation of the curl-curl equation of the total electric field encountered in geophysical controlled-source electromagnetic applications. We use the real-valued equivalent form of the original complex-valued system and solve this arising real-valued two-by-two block system (outer system) using the generalised conjugate residual method preconditioned with a highly efficient block-based PREconditioner for Square Blocks (PRESB). Applying this preconditioner equates to solving two smaller inner symmetric systems which are either solved using a direct solver or iterative methods, namely the generalised conjugate residual or the flexible generalised minimal residual methods preconditioned with the multigrid-based auxiliary-space preconditioner AMS. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the robustness of the outer solver with respect to spatially variable material parameters, for a wide frequency range of five orders of magnitude (0.1-10’000 Hz), with respect to the number of degrees of freedom, and for stretched structured and unstructured as well as locally refined meshes. For all the models considered, the outer solver reaches convergence in a small (typically < 20) number of iterations. Further, our numerical tests clearly show that solving the two inner systems iteratively using the indicated preconditioned iterative methods is computationally beneficial in terms of memory requirement and time spent as compared to a direct solver. On top of that, our iterative framework works for large-scale problems where direct solvers applied to the original complex-valued systems succumb due to their excessive memory consumption, thus making the iterative framework better suited for large-scale 3D problems. Comparison to a similar iterative framework based on a block-diagonal and the auxiliary-space preconditioners reveals that the PRESB preconditioner requires slightly fewer iterations to converge yielding a certain gain in time spent to obtain the solution of the two-by-two block system.
Atomic number and isotopy before nuclear structure: multiple standards and evolving collaboration of chemistry and physics
Authors: Cat Jordi , Best Nicholas W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe provide a detailed history of the concepts of atomic number and isotopy before the discovery of protons and neutrons that draws attention to the role of evolving interplays of multiple aims and criteria in chemical and physical research. Focusing on research by Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford, we show that, in the context of differentiating disciplinary projects, the adoption of a complex and shifting concept of elemental identity and the ordering role of the periodic table led to a relatively coherent notion of atomic number. Subsequent attention to valency, still neglected in the secondary literature, and to nuclear charge led to a decoupling of the concepts of elemental identity and weight and allowed for a coherent concept of isotopy. This concept received motivation from empirical investigations on the decomposition series of radioelements and their unstable chemical identity. A new model of chemical order was the result of an ongoing collaboration between chemical and physical research projects with evolving aims and standards. After key concepts were considered resolved and their territories were clarified, chemistry and physics resumed autonomous projects, yet remained bound by newly accepted explanatory relations. It is an episode of scientific collaboration and partial integration without simple, wholesale gestalt switches or chemical revolutions.
Gradient damage model for ductile fracture introducing degradation of damage hardening modulus: implementation and experimental investigations
Authors: Han Jike , Matsubara Seishiro , Nishi Shinnosuke , Takada Kenji , Muramatsu Mayu , Omiya Masaki , Ogawa Kensuke , Oide Kai , Kobayashi Takaya , Murata Masanobu , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study presents a gradient damage model for ductile fracture, in which the damage hardening modulus is degraded by the accumulation of plastic deformation and the volume expansion caused by negative hydrostatic pressure. The proposed model fulfills the thermodynamic requirements, and the governing equations are derived from energy minimization principles. Two parameter studies are carried out to confirm the basic performance of the proposed model, in which some typical ductile fracture responses are demonstrated by changing parameters for degrading the damage hardening modulus. Also, a series of numerical experiments are presented to reveal the ability of the proposed model to successfully simulate the fracture tests of advanced high strength steel sheets with different tensile strengths. It is indeed confirmed by the close agreement with experimental results that the proposed model is capable of realizing the breaking elongation, the transitional behavior from unstable to stable crack propagations, and the corresponding load–displacement curves. Also, the model successfully reproduces and predicts the crack initiation positions in notched specimens with different notch radii.
Surface tension of liquid Ti, V and their binary alloys measured by electromagnetic levitation
Authors: Reiplinger B. , Plevachuk Y. , Brillo J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe surface tension of the liquid Ti-V system is systematically measured using the oscillating drop technique during electromagnetic levitation. Temperature- and compositional dependence are both investigated. The entire compositional range is covered. A linear decrease with increasing temperature is found for the pure elements as well as for all investigated alloys. The surface tension generally increases with increasing V-content. The obtained data are in good agreement with the Butler model for the ideal solution. Additionally, the Butler model for the regular solution was evaluated in the context of the obtained surface tension data. In contrast to many other Ti-based alloys, the Butler model for the regular solution yields no additional benefit for Ti-V, since there is only a neglectable small deviation between the calculations for the ideal and regular solution. Segregation effects are modeled using the Butler equation for an ideal solution. The findings are discussed considering already existing trends for the mixing behavior of liquid Ti-alloys. The results strongly suggest, that the Ti-V system obeys in general the ideal solution law.
Indirect interactions between climate and cropland distribution shape fire size in West African grasslands
Authors: Schulte to Bühne Henrike , Tobias Joseph A. , Durant Sarah M. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Context
Climate and land use changes often interact, yet our ability to predict their combined effects on biodiversity is currently limited. In particular, the combined effects of climate and land use on key ecosystem dynamics, such as disturbance regimes, that shape biodiversity across large spatial scales, are poorly understood.

Objectives
We assess how indirect climate–land use interactions influence disturbance regimes by examining the mechanistic pathways by which climate and proximity to cropland interact to shape fire size in a West African grassland ecosystem, the W-Arly-Pendjari transboundary protected area complex.

Methods
We use remotely sensed indicators of burned area, rainfall, cropland distribution, and vegetation dynamics to test two spatially explicit hypotheses about the interaction between climate and land use effects on fire dynamics.

Results
We demonstrate that in areas where wet season grass production (which is driven by rainfall) is higher, fires are larger, but that this relationship depends on the distance to cropland. Close to cropland, environmental drivers of fire size (wet season grass production, and progressive loss of fire fuel during the fire season) have little effect on fire size, as fuel breaks induced by cropland limit fire size.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the extent to which climate factors control fire dynamics in this African grassland depends on the spatial distribution of land use. More broadly, considering the relative spatial distributions of interacting stressors may be key to improving predictions of their combined impacts on ecosystem functioning.
Microbiota and environmental health monitoring of mouse colonies by metagenomic shotgun sequencing
Authors: Lupini Laura , Bassi Cristian , Guerriero Paola , Raspa Marcello , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Sabbioni Silvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows the monitoring of microbiota composition of murine colonies employed for scientific purposes in a single test by assessing the composition of gut microbiome and the detection of pathogens from fecal pellets. In this study, we tested the potential use of mNGS for monitoring both microbiota composition and the presence of pathogens through Environmental Health Monitoring, by using exhaust dust collection filters derived from individually ventilated cages (IVC) systems.mNGS analysis was performed on nucleic acids isolated from filters collecting air from the exhaust of: (1) cages with mice housed in a non-pathogen free facility; (2) animal-free cages with clean chow and bedding from the same facility; (3) cages housing mice from a specific-pathogen free (SPF) facility. mNGS results revealed correspondence between microbiome composition from fecal pellets and filter, including pathogenic bacteria (Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter typhlonius, Chlamydia muridarum, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Citrobacter rodentium), intestinal protozoa (Tritrichomonas muris, Spironucleus muris) nematoda (Aspiculuris tetraptera) and eukaryotic parasites (Myocoptes musculinus), present in the colony. Entamoeba muris and Syphacia obvelata were detected in fecal pellets but not in filter. The animal free exhaust dust filter, exposed to clean cages (no mice) placed in the IVC after removal of all mice, exhibited the presence of the same pathogens due to contaminated connecting pipes, confirming the sensitivity of the approach. Conversely, the filter from SPF colony revealed the absence of pathogens.The current use of exhaust dust collection filters in health surveillance requires multiple molecular tests to identify specific pathogens and does not provide information on the colony microbiome. This work provides the proof-of-principle that assaying exhaust dust collection filters by mNGS for microbiota monitoring of laboratory mice is feasible. In its daily application, results suggest the usefulness of the test in SPF facilities, where pathogenic micro-organisms are expected to be absent. mNGS analysis of exhaust dust collection filters allows the analysis of multiple cages, reducing the number of tests required for pathogen detection and corresponding costs, and avoiding the use of sentinel mice.
Identität, Populismus und direkte Demokratie. Zum Einfluss der nationalen Identität auf das Verhältnis von rechtspopulistischen Einstellungen und der Präferenz für direktdemokratische Entscheidungsverfahren
Authors: Reinhardt Peter 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungUnter dem Eindruck steigender Unzufriedenheit mit dem politischen System und Misstrauen in gewählte RepräsentantInnen steht die Forderung nach direktdemokratischen Beteiligungsformen gegenwärtig besonders in Verbindung mit dem Rechtspopulismus. Doch bleiben die genaue Beziehung zwischen Populismus und Verfahrenspräferenzen auf individueller Ebene und die Frage, wie genau populistische Einstellungen mit Verfahrenspräferenzen zusammenhängen, weiter offen. Dieser Aufsatz schlägt eine sozialpsychologische Erklärung über Identitätsverlust und -bildung als Ergänzung der Debatte zu Verfahrenspräferenzen vor und liefert ein theoretisches Argument über die Rolle der nationalen Identität, um das Verhältnis zwischen Rechtspopulismus und Verfahrenspräferenzen zu erfassen. Daran anschließend wird empirisch der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich durch populistische Einstellungen und die nationale Identifikation Präferenzen für direktdemokratische Entscheidungsverfahren erklären lassen können. Die Analysen zeigen eine Assoziation von einerseits populistischen Einstellungen und andererseits nationaler Identifikation mit Präferenzen für direktdemokratische Verfahren. Der vermutete moderierende Effekt der nationalen Identifikation auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Populismus und Verfahrenspräferenz bestätigt sich nicht. Der Artikel diskutiert vor dem Hintergrund der Ergebnisse die Bedeutung sozialpsychologischer Ansätze für politikwissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit Verfahrenspräferenzen.
Function-oriented defect assessment in hybrid sheet molding compound tensile specimen using surrogate models
Authors: Bretz Lucas , Koch Dominik , Debowski Krzysztof , Höger Katja , Lanza Gisela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlass fiber (GF) Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) composites are popular lightweight materials due to their good processability. Hybrid SMCs expand the field of operation, combining the high stiffness of unidirectional carbon fibers (CF) with the economic efficiency of GF. Combinations of manufacturing deviations (delamination, varying GF content, CF misorientation) occur during the production of hybrid SMCs and impede the mechanical performance of the part. A function-oriented quality assurance instead of strict tolerances is proposed. Finite element (FE) simulations are computationally too expensive for an assessment within the cycle time. Hence, surrogate models are trained on multiple parameterized FE simulations. The surrogate models shall allow for an individual functional assessment in real-time based on integrated measurement inputs. This work focuses on the generation of parametrized FE simulations for measurement inputs and surrogate modeling. Simulations and surrogate models show acceptable deviations from tensile tests for multiple combinations of manufacturing deviations. The measurement uncertainty of the stiffness prediction is assessed for both the FE simulation and the surrogate models in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM).
Mental imagery of nature induces positive psychological effects
Authors: Koivisto Mika , Grassini Simone 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exposure to natural environments promotes positive psychological effects. Experimental studies on this issue typically have not been able to distinguish the contributions of top-down processes from stimulus-driven bottom-up processing. We tested in an online study whether mental imagery (top-down processing) of restorative natural environments would produce positive psychological effects, as compared with restorative built and non-restorative urban environments. The participants (n = 70) from two countries (Finland and Norway) imagined being present in different environments for 30 s, after which they rated their subjective experiences relating to vividness of imagery, relaxation, emotional arousal, valence (positivity vs. negativity) of emotions, and mental effort. In addition, a psychometric scale measuring vividness of imagination, a scale measuring nature connectedness, and a questionnaire measuring preference of the imagined environments were filled-in. Imagery of natural environments elicited stronger positive emotional valence and more relaxation than imagery of built and urban environments. Nature connectedness and preference moderated these effects, but they did not fully explain the affective benefits of nature. Scores in a psychometric imagery scale were associated in consistent way to the subjective ratings in the imagery task, suggesting that the participants performed attentively and honestly in reporting their subjective experiences. We conclude that top-down factors play a key role in the psychological effects of nature. A practical implication of the findings is that inclusion of natural elements in imagery-based interventions may help to increasing positive affective states.
Bionic Stepping Motors Driven by Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Wang Shupeng , Zhou Shihui , Zhang Xiaolong , Xu Pengyun , Zhang Zhihui , Ren Luquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy imitating the behavioral characteristics of some typical animals, researchers develop bionic stepping motors to extend the working range of piezoelectric materials and utilize their high accuracy advantage as well. A comprehensive review of the bionic stepping motors driven by piezoelectric materials is presented in this work. The main parts of stepping piezoelectric motors, including the feeding module, clamping module, and other critical components, are introduced elaborately. We classify the bionic stepping piezoelectric motors into inchworm motors, seal motors, and inertia motors depending on their main structure modules, and present the mutual transformation relationships among the three types. In terms of the relative position relationships among the main structure modules, each of the inchworm motors, seal motors, and inertia motors can further be divided into walker type, pusher type, and hybrid type. The configurations and working principles of all bionic stepping piezoelectric motors are reported, followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the performance for each type. This work provides theoretical support and thoughtful insights for the understanding, analysis, design, and application of the bionic stepping piezoelectric motors.