bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge-Based Congestion-Aware Datacenter Load Balancing with Smart Probing
Authors: Bhutta Areeb Ahmed , Ahmed Hasnain 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Data center networks employ multipath topologies for delivering high bisection bandwidth. Load balancing through these multiple paths reduces latency and improves throughput. Network fabric-based schemes need customized hardware and cannot be implemented on commodity hardware. The existing end-host-based solutions have shown performance better than equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) but they use active probing and uneven congestion signal (e.g. coarse-grained RTT or ECN) that degrades performance especially in asymmetric topologies. Therefore, most of these end-host solutions cannot accurately sense congestion. End-to-end latency can effectively provide accurate path congestion information and smart probing with the help of congestion window can reduce network overhead. In this paper, we propose an edge-based congestion-aware load-balancing solution with smart probing. We combine ECN and end-to-end latency to get more accurate congestion metric and with probabilistic approach we avoid congestion at the best available path. Furthermore, we employ congestion window trend to perform smart probing that will reduce network overhead by performing probing only when required. The proposed scheme is implemented in network simulator ns-3 and flow completion time is taken as the key performance metric. The results show that the proposed scheme not only outperformed ECMP, Clove and LetFlow but also improved the performance over Hermes and CONGA at least 10–30% by employing (i) an accurate congestion signal that effectively detects congestion and asymmetries, and (ii) smart probing to reduce network overhead.
Kidney function and the comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin in adults with atrial fibrillation: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Jun Min , Scaria Anish , Andrade Jason , Badve Sunil V , Birks Peter , Bota Sarah E , Campain Anna , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Garg Amit X , Ha Jeffrey , Harel Ziv , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Hockham Carinna , James Matthew T , Jardine Meg J , Levin Adeera , McArthur Eric , Ravani Pietro , Shao Selena , Sood Manish M , Tan Zhi , Tangri Navdeep , Whitlock Reid , Gallagher Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin in adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) by level of kidney function.

Methods and results
We pooled findings from five retrospective cohorts (2011–18) across Australia and Canada of adults with; a new dispensation for a DOAC or warfarin, an AF diagnosis, and a measure of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The outcomes of interest, within 1 year from the cohort entry date, were: (1) the composite of all-cause death, first hospitalization for ischaemic stroke, or transient ischaemic attack (effectiveness), and (2) first hospitalization for major bleeding defined as an intracranial, upper or lower gastrointestinal, or other bleeding (safety). Cox models were used to examine the association of a DOAC vs. warfarin with outcomes, after 1:1 matching via a propensity score. Kidney function was categorized as eGFR ≥60, 45–59, 30–44, and &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 74 542 patients were included in the matched analysis. DOAC initiation was associated with greater or similar effectiveness compared with warfarin initiation across all eGFR categories [pooled HRs (95% CIs) for eGFR categories: 0.74(0.69–0.79), 0.76(0.54–1.07), 0.68(0.61–0.75) and 0.86(0.76–0.98)], respectively. DOAC initiation was associated with lower or similar risk of major bleeding than warfarin initiation [pooled HRs (95% CIs): 0.75(0.65–0.86), 0.81(0.65–1.01), 0.82(0.66–1.02), and 0.71(0.52–0.99), respectively). Associations between DOAC initiation, compared with warfarin initiation, and study outcomes were not modified by eGFR category.

Conclusion
DOAC use, compared with warfarin use, was associated with a lower or similar risk of all-cause death, ischaemic stroke, and transient ischaemic attack and also a lower or similar risk of major bleeding across all levels of kidney function.
Understanding surface wave modal content for high-resolution imaging of submarine sediments with distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Viens Loïc , Perton Mathieu , Spica Zack J , Nishida Kiwamu , Yamada Tomoaki , Shinohara Masanao 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
Ocean bottom distributed acoustic sensing (OBDAS) is emerging as a new measurement method providing dense, high-fidelity and broad-band seismic observations from fibre-optic cables deployed offshore. In this study, we focus on 35.7 km of a linear telecommunication cable located offshore the Sanriku region, Japan, and apply seismic interferometry to obtain a high-resolution 2-D shear wave velocity (VS) model below the cable. We first show that the processing steps applied to 13 d of continuous data prior to computing cross-correlation functions (CCFs) impact the modal content of surface waves. Continuous data pre-processed with 1-bit normalization allow us to retrieve dispersion images with high Scholte-wave energy between 0.5 and 5 Hz, whereas spatial aliasing dominates dispersion images above 3 Hz for non-1-bit CCFs. Moreover, the number of receiver channels considered to compute dispersion images also greatly affects the resolution of extracted surface-wave modes. To better understand the remarkably rich modal nature of OBDAS data (i.e. up to 30 higher modes in some regions), we simulate Scholte-wave dispersion curves for stepwise linear VS gradient media. For soft marine sediments, simulations confirm that a large number of modes can be generated in gradient media. Based on pre-processing and theoretical considerations, we extract surface wave dispersion curves from 1-bit CCFs spanning over 400 channels (i.e. ∼2 km) along the array and invert them to image the subsurface. The 2-D velocity profile generally exhibits slow shear wave velocities near the ocean floor that gradually increase with depth. Lateral variations are also observed. Flat bathymetry regions, where sediments tend to accumulate, reveal a larger number of Scholte-wave modes and lower shallow velocity layers than regions with steeper bathymetry. We also compare and discuss the velocity model with that from a previous study and finally discuss the combined effect of bathymetry and shallow VS layers on earthquake wavefields. Our results provide new constraints on the shallow submarine structure in the area and further demonstrate the potential of OBDAS for high-resolution offshore geophysical prospecting.
The ultramarine simulation: properties of dark matter haloes before redshift 5.5
Authors: Wang Qiao , Gao Liang , Meng Chen 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We introduce the Ultramarine simulation, an extremely large N-body simulation of the structure formation and evolution to redshift 5.5 at which cosmic reionization was just completed. The simulation evolves 2.1 trillion particles within a 512 h−1 Mpc cube and has an unprecedented mass and force resolution for large volume simulations of this kind, 5.6 × 106 h−1 M⊙ and 1.2 h−1 kpc, respectively. We present some basic statistical results of the simulation, including the halo mass function, halo bias parameter as well as halo mass-concentration relation at high redshifts, and compare them with some existing representative models. We find excellent agreement with some models on the high redshift halo mass functions, but neither the halo bias factor nor halo mass-concentration relation. All halo bias models for comparison over-predicate high redshift halo bias by large factors, an accurate fit to our simulation is given. High redshift dark matter haloes still can be reasonably described with NFW model, the halo mass-concentration relations are monotonic, with more massive haloes having lower concentration, in disfavour of the upturn feature reported by some studies. The mass concentration relation has little evolution between $z$ = 5.5 to $z$ = 10, in contrast to strong evolution predicted by most existing models. In addition, concentration parameters of high redshift dark matter haloes are much lower than most model predictions.
The quantum character of the Scalar Field Dark Matter
Authors: Matos Tonatiuh 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The scalar field dark matter (SFDM) model, also called Fuzzy, Wave, Bose–Einstein, and Ultra-light Dark Matter, has received a lot of attention because it has been able to provide simpler and more natural explanations for various features of galaxies, such as the number of satellite galaxies and the cusp-core problem. We recently showed that this model is able to explain the vast polar orbits of satellite galaxies around their host, the so-called VPO, and to explain the X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in the vacuum regions of our galaxy, that is, the Fermi Bubbles. In all these phenomena, the quantum character of SFDM has been crucial. In this work, we study the quantum effects of SFDM at the cosmological level, to see these effects not only at the galactic scale, but also at the cosmological scale. Using a convenient ansatz, we were able to integrate the perturbed equations to show that the shape of the SFDM haloes resembling atoms is a generic result. The main conclusion of this work is that quantum mechanics, the successful microworld theory, could also explain the dark side of the Cosmos.
Drinking on an empty stomach: a scoping review of the evidence on how consuming food with alcohol affects short-term outcomes
Authors: Ramsbottom Anna , Petticrew Mark , Huber Alexandra , van Schalkwyk May C I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is a leading risk factor for death worldwide. Governments issue official guidelines on reducing the short-term risks associated with alcohol as do alcohol industry-funded organizations. Both sources frequently recommend consuming food with alcohol, however, it is unclear what evidence these recommendations are based on. The aim of this scoping review was to map and summarize evidence on the short-term effects of consuming food and alcohol.

Methods
A scoping review, following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, searched CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO and NICE Evidence Search (published inception to June 2021). Studies in English, investigating co-consumption of food and alcohol and reporting short-term health outcomes or acute effects, were included.

Results
Of the 15 246 studies identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. There was little evidence on the effects of food co-consumption on most short-term alcohol-related outcomes. Included studies were low in quality and inconsistent in their reported outcomes.

Conclusions
Despite a weak and inconsistent evidence base, food co-consumption is often recommended by both official guidance and alcohol industry-funded sources. Food co-consumption as a harm reduction measure, while plausible, requires a stronger evidence base and more nuanced messaging due to the risk of encouraging heavier, sustained drinking.
MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF 226RA, 232TH, 40K IN THE SOIL IN SETTLEMENTS ON THE COASTLINE OF LAKE VAN, TURKEY
Authors: Yorgun N Yıldız , Oto B , Gür F , Tarakçı M , Yıldız H Erzen , Kavaz E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the natural radioactivity level and its effects on the environment of Lake Van, which is the largest lake in Turkey, were investigated extensively. Initially, 254 soil samples have been collected from the districts (Tusba, Edremit, Gevas, Tatvan, Ahlat, Adilcevaz, Ercis) located around the coastline of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. A Na(TI) detector was used to detect activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in each collected soil sample. The obtained average results were compared with available data from Turkey and international data base. The average activity in soil samples was measured as 28.0 ± 3.7–43.6 ± 2.2 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 27.3 ± 4.1–55.4 ± 4.8 Bq/kg for 232Th and 377 ± 42– 706 ± 40 Bq/kg for 40K. It was observed that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (43.6 ± 2.2, 55.4 ± 4.8, 706 ± 40 Bq/kg, respectively) for Tatvan district and (37.0 ± 3.5, 51.4 ± 4.2, 479 ± 41 Bq/kg, respectively) for Ahlat district were higher than both national and international average value. In addition, radiological effect parameters originating from terrestrial natural radionuclides for the study area; gamma dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and lifetime cancer development probability (LCR) were calculated. The Dout, AEDE, LCR (83.0 ± 3.9 nGy/h, 0.102 ± 0.005 mSv/y, 0.36 ± 0.02 x 10–3, respectively) parameters in Tatvan district were found to be above the international allowable value.
Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in cervical cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Haixia , Huang Yuan , Wen Weibo , Li Xiangdan , Xu Dongyuan , Liu Lan 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The role of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in the existing tumor node metastasis classification system should be verified as one of the prognosis prediction factors. This work evaluated LNR’s performance in predicting cervical cancer (CC) prognosis through a meta-analysis.

Method:
Related studies were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The language was restricted to English. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) were utilized to analyze the prognostic value of LNR.

Results.
Our study included 8 articles with 3325 subjects published after 2015. Based on our analysis, high LNR was the adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (OS, HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.23–1.73; P = .238) and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.98–3.66; P = .597) among the CC cases. Furthermore, as revealed by subgroup analysis, in CC patients, median LNR of about 0.0625 and 0.066 served as the prominent risk factor for DFS and OS.

Conclusions:
The current work illustrates that elevated LNR is related to the dismal prognosis of CC. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted for assessing whether LNR is a factor independently predicting the prognosis of CC.
Management and treatment of ankle sprain according to clinical practice guidelines: A PRISMA systematic review
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Francisco J. , Ruiz-Muñoz María , Martín-Martín Jaime , Coheña-Jimenez Manuel , Perez-Belloso Ana J. , Pilar Romero-Galisteo Rita , Gónzalez-Sánchez Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The lateral sprain of the ankle is a very frequent injury in the population in general, appearing in the emergency services frequently. The general objective was to review the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management and treatment of ankle sprains, assess their quality, analyze the levels of evidence and summarize the grades of recommendation.

Methods:
A systematic search of the literature in relevant databases with the search terms “ankle,” “sprain,” “practice guideline,” and “guideline” was carried out. There were included those guidelines that had the system of grades of recommendation and level of evidence concerning to management and treatment of ankle sprain. The quality of the guides was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool.

Results:
Seven clinical practice guides were included in this review. The AGREE II scores ranged from 42% to 100%, with only six CPGs explicitly declaring the use of a systematic methodology. Seventeen recommendations were extracted and summarized.

Discussion:
Six of the recommendations analyzed present enough evidence to be applied in clinical practice and are highly recommended for ankle sprain management: Ottawa rules, manual therapy, cryotherapy, functional supports, early ambulation, short term NSAIDs and rehabilitation.
CXCL2 acts as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Hou Wenji , Zuo Junbo , Huang Zhenhua , Ding Xin , Bu Xuefeng 
Published: October 2022

Background:
STAD ranked 5th most common in the incidence of malignant tumors and 3rd most common in the death rate of cancer worldwide. CXC chemokines affect the biological progress of various tumors, resulting in therapeutic failure. The role of CXCL2 in STAD was still a mystery.

Methods:
The expression, prognostic value, and clinical function of CXCL2 were analyzed using several online bioinformatics tools and clinical tissues.

Results:
CXCL2 level was significantly upregulated in STAD tissues. Strong correlation was obtained between CXCL2 level and immune cells as well as immune biomarkers. High CXCL2 expression in STAD was correlated with a favorable prognosis. Further analysis revealed that CXCL2, pTNM stage and age were independent factors affecting the prognosis of STAD patients. A predictive nomogram indicated that the calibration plots for the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were predicted relatively well compared with an ideal model in the entire cohort. Validation analysis revealed that CXCL2 expression was upregulated in STAD and high CXCL2 level had a better overall survival. CXCL2 was associated with resistance to numerous drugs or small molecules in STAD.

Conclusions:
We identified CXCL2 as a novel therapeutic target and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.
The relationship between the flexor and extensor muscle areas and the presence and degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in the cervical region
Authors: Yuksel Yavuz , Ergun Tarkan , Torun Ebru 
Published: October 2022

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and degree of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and the cervical region muscle areas.

Methods:
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the patients who were sent to our clinic for investigation of neck pain between 2019 and 2020 years were evaluated retrospectively. 143 Turkish women patients between 30 and 40 ages were examined in the study. The presence and degree of IVDD was evaluated for each patient. The areas of the cervical flexor and extensor paravertebral muscles were measured.

Results:
No cervical disc degeneration was present in 44 (30.76%) patients (grade 1). The cervical intervertebral disc degeneration was grade 2 in 28 (19.58%), grade-3 in 41 (28.67%), and grade 4 in 30 (20.97%) patients. In early stage degeneration (grade 2), an increase was observed in the area of all cervical paravertebral flexor and extensor muscles examined. As the degree of degeneration increased (grades 3 and 4), a decrease was observed in the areas of all muscles. Statistical significance was found for musculus (m) sternocleidomastoideus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius capitis, m. semispinalis capitis, and m. multifidus muscles (P = .009, r = −0.261; P = .014, r = −0.248; P = .008, r = −0.267; P = .002, r = −0.307; P = .028, r = −0.222, respectively).

Conclusions:
IVDD is common in middle-aged females with neck pain. An increase in muscles areas is observed in the early stages of cervical disc degeneration but progressive decrease develops in all cervical paraspinal muscles areas as the degree of disc degeneration increases.
Risk factor stratification for postoperative delirium: A retrospective database study
Authors: Vacas Susana , Grogan Tristan , Cheng Drew , Hofer Ira 
Published: October 2022

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a disturbing reality for patients and their families. Absence of easy-to-use and accurate risk scores prompted us to retrospectively extract data from the electronic health records (EHR) to identify clinical factors associated with POD. We seek to create a multivariate nomogram to predict the risk of POD based upon the most significant clinical factors.

Methods:
The EHR of 32734 patients >18 years of age undergoing surgery and had POD assessment were reviewed. Patient characteristics and study variables were summarized between delirium groups. We constructed univariate logistic regression models for POD using each study variable to estimate odds ratios (OR) and constructed a multivariable logistic regression model with stepwise variable selection. In order to create a clinically useful/implementable tool we created a nomogram to predict risk of delirium.

Results:
Overall, we found a rate of POD of 3.7% across our study population. The Model achieved an AUC of the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI 0.82–0.84). We found that age, increased American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (ASA 3–4 OR 2.81, CI 1.49–5.28, P < .001), depression (OR 1.28, CI 1.12–1.47, P < .001), postoperative benzodiazepine use (OR 3.52, CI 3.06–4.06, P < .001) and urgent cases (Urgent OR 3.51, CI 2.92–4.21, P < .001; Emergent OR 3.99, CI 3.21–4.96, P < .001; Critically Emergent OR 5.30, CI 3.53–7.96, P < .001) were associated with POD.

Discussion:
We were able to distinguish the contribution of individual risk factors to the development of POD. We created a clinically useful easy-to-use tool that has the potential to accurately identify those at high-risk of delirium, a first step to prevent POD.
Ustekinumab is effective against ulcerative colitis with intestinal stenosis: A case report
Authors: Liu Ailing , Guo Jing , Liu Hua , Xu Yonghong , Wu Jun , Mao Tao , Tian Zibin , Ding Xueli 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Intestinal stricture and obstruction are rare complications of ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, there are only a few studies on the treatment of UC with intestinal stenosis, however there are no reports on the treatment of UC with benign intestinal stenosis with ustekinumab (UST).

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to a 3-year history of recurrent bloody mucous in stool with intermittent abdominal pain and distension developed in the past month. She was steroid-dependent and had developed a secondary loss of response to infliximab.

Diagnoses:
She was diagnosed with UC combined with incomplete intestinal obstruction due to stenosis. The stricture had a mixed pattern with both inflammatory and fibrotic components, with the former covering a larger section of the intestine.

Interventions:
The patient was given UST for 56 weeks.

Outcomes:
The patient’s symptoms subsided after treatment with UST. The ulcers healed, and the stenosis was reduced.

Lessons:
UST is effective against UC with benign intestinal stenosis. It is thought that UST inhibits the production of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-17, leading to the suppression of myofibroblast proliferation, ultimately alleviating intestinal stenosis.