bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Boll Weevils on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D.F. , Rogers R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 8 x 65 ft plots, arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications and 25 ft alleys. Nemacur 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied “in furrow” to control nematodes and thrips. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with an auxiliary compressed air system with 2 X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 GPA of total solution. Applications were made on July 1, 5, 10, 15, 21, 29, August 6, 11, 16 and 22. Twenty five squares/plot/replicate were examined from the center rows within 48 hr after treatments. Cotton was machine harvested from two rows and weights were converted to lb seed cotton per acre.
Control of Carmine Spider Mites on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Turtle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven acaricidal compounds were evaluated for the control of the carmine spider mite at the Yuma Experiment Station during Sept and Oct. The population increase of mites followed a scheduled control program for lepidoptera larvae (particularly the pink bollworm). The test was a block design with 4 replications per treatment. Plots within the blocks were 2-row, skip 2 with 6 ft alleys in row between plots. Sprays were applied Sept 10 with a pressurized CO2 backpack sprayer (40 psi) at the rate of 40 gpa. Post treatment counts were made from 25 leaves/ plot picked at random and processed in the laboratory with a mite washer and separator technique.
Chemical Control of Thrips on Irrigated Cotton, 1980
Authors: Young Jerry H. , Gould Paul M. , Mussett Kevin , Price Richard G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Westburn M, OK DM-4 and OK PM-5 (the last two are experimental lines) were planted June 4 at Tipton, OK at 20 lb per acre. They were in a 2 by 3 factorial design, replicated 4 times. Plots were 8 rows wide (40-inch) and 150 ft long. Each plot was divided into two equal subplots, one half was planted with seed treated with 6.4 oz of Orthene/cwt. Thrips counts were taken weekly by collecting 20 plants/plot and extracting thrips in a Berlese funnel. Plant, height, number of true leaves and number of fruiting bodies were taken on 25 plants per plot twice weekly from June 16 through harvest. Fleahopper and predators were collected with a D-VAC.
Control of Foliage Feeding Lepidoptera in Peanuts, 1980
Authors: Berberef Richard , Baldwin Jack , Sander Douglas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted on May 20 with 0.9 m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were applied on Aug 23 utilizing 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 70 g/acre. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 6 row x 15 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insect populations were sampled in the middle 4 rows of each plot. On each date 5 samples/ plot, each consisting of 0.6 m of row, were checked for H. zea and S. exiqua. Plants were beaten to removed larvae for counting. Twenty-five terminals/plot were collected at random and examined for S. bosqueella. Counts for this species were converted to larvae/m of row based on terminal counts made over the experimental area. Generations of all species had commenced a few days before insecticides were applied. Larval populations increased due to continued oviposifion after treatments were applied.
Rice Water Weevil, 1980
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Slaymaker P. H. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted in Crowley silt loam May 9 and flodded June 13. Three tests were each arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 (Test 2) or 4 (Test 1 and 3) replications. Granular treatments (Test 1) were applied with a hand shaker just prior to flooding on June 13 to plots 3.5 x 15 ft. Spray treatments (Test 2) were applied 1 day preflood with CO2 powered sprayer except for Furadan 3G which was applied with a hand shaker. Plots were 6 x 15 ft. Plots in Test 3 were circular (5 ft dia). Each was surrounded by sheet aluminum flashing used as a levee to prevent water movement between plots. The 5 day postflood treatments were applied to the water surface on June 18. Cymbush, Pydrin and Ambush were each mixed with the hydrocarbon Exxon 5357-9. Plots in all tests were sampled for root-feeding rice water weevil larvae on July 8 and 9 by taking 5 soil cores (9 dia x 7 cm deep) from drill rows in each plot. The samples were processed by working each through a No. 40 U.S. Standard soil testing sieve and floating larvae out in brine.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Corn Seedling Maggot Control on Sorghum, Batangas, Philippines, 1980
Authors: Venugopal M.S. , Litsinger J.A. , Apostol R.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a farmer’s field in Cale village, Tanauan, Batangas province, Philippines, 36 insecticide seed dressings were tested at 3 g ai/kg seed for seeding maggot control on sorghum planted on Aug 18. Seeds agitated in a plastic bag with 25% gum arabic-water solution and insecticide were sown (15kg/ha) to 5-m2 plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Percentage deadhearts were recorded twice, 14 and 28 days after crop emergence, from 10 randomly selected plants per plot.
Effects of Selected Insecticides on Control of Soybean Arthropods, 1979
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Clement Robin A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were examined to determine their effects on pest and beneficial arthropods associated with soybean. Insecticides were applied Aug 30 in ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Carroll Balderson Farm near Montross Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was used with 3 replications. Individual plots were 4 rows 50 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 27 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1-, 5-, 8-, and 14-days after application by comparing the number of Mexican bean beetles, green clover worms, and predators per 20 sweeps (15 inch diameter net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Soybean, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: Sullivan M. J. , Chapin J.W. , Turnipseed S.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted using a 38 inch row spacing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The experimental unit was an 8 row plot, 30 ft long. The middle 6 rows were treated and counts were made on the 2 middle treated rows. All materials were applied as foliar sprays using a knapsack sprayer, 50 psi, 3-X cone nozzle to give a total volume of 5.6 gal/acre. Insects were counted using the beat cloth method; 2, 1M beats/replicate. The majority of the earworms were considered large (≥ 0.5 inch long).
Control of E. Hirtipennis on Burley Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on May 23 at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Insecticides were applied on 14-day schedule for a total of 4 applications, beginning June 11. Sprays were applied with a 5-row high clearance sprayer using one full-cone nozzle per row which delivered 20 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plots were 150 ft x 5 rows wide arranged in 3 randomized complete blocks. Rows were spaced 40 Inches apart; plants were spaced 18 inches within rows. Live flea beetle counts were based on the average number/10 plants. Flea beetle damage was based on the average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant. Soil type was Hermitage silt-loam at pH 6.3.
Fruittree Leafroller Contkol on Black Oak by Spraying, 1980
Authors: Brown Leland R. , Eads Clark O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Near Lake Gregory, in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, 32 heavily infested trees of a homeowner were laid out in a randomized block experiment. Untreated check and treatments consisted of single tree plots replicated 4 times. Thorough coverage sprays, buffered to pH 6.5 and at 8.8 gal/tree, were applied with a power sprayer at 400 psi. At time of spraying the 25 foot tall trees on May 9 most buds were broken with young shoots out ca 3 inches; most young leaves were ca 0.5 inch long. At time of sampling on June 9 most normal leaves were fully expanded to 4 to 7 inches, and 50 per cent of larvae were fifth instar, and 38 per cent were fourth. Light- and medium-injury categories were also sampled but were less sensitive to differences than categories noted here. Heavy injury indicates 80 percent of leaf destroyed. A sample from each tree consisted of 10 peripheral terminals from ca 12 feet high, each terminal having ca 6 leaves. Counts were transformed to angles and subjected to analyses of variance; mean separations were for 19:1 odds by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, 1979,1980
Authors: Parrella M.P. , Morishita F.S. , Robb K.R. , Helmkamp A. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were applied to selected bedding plants and phytotoxic effects were determined. The following chemical materials were selected based on their ability to control many pests commonly found on bedding plants and due to a lack of information necessary for their labeling in a nursery: Lannate 1.8L, Orthene 75S, Pirimor 50W, Pramex 2E, SPB-1382 2E, Vydate 2L. One application of each material was made per species of bedding plant. However, the most popular bedding plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity during all seasons in California. Materials were applied until run-off with a hand gun operating from a 2.5 gpm (9.5 litres per min) piston pump at 125 psi. Plants were sprayed outdoors at both locations and transferred onto black plastic sheets on the ground under shade. The soil was an amended Univ. of California mixture with a pH of ca 7.4. Data on phytotoxicity were recorded on a weekly basis for 4 weeks following the treatment. Damage was evaluated based on the overall appearance of the plants compared to an untreated check: 0 = no damage; 1 = slight damage, no effect on marketability; 2 = moderate damage, marketability reduced, 3 = heavy damage, unmarketable. If new growth occurred during the 4 weeks following spray application, this was evaluated for phytotoxicity. Observations on phytotoxicity were made by at least 2 Individuals on each date and where possible only the inner most plants within replicates were counted.
Chemical Tests Against the Pearl Scale in Arizona Turf, 1978
Authors: Hoffman Elizabeth , Langston Dave , Smith Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight compounds were screened for insecticidal activity against the pearl scale. Because of the irregular distribution of scales in the soil, dead patches of turf were selected as centers for 2m diameter circular plots. Each plot contained only one dead patch (30-70 cm diameter) surrounded by healthy turf. Treatments and controls were assigned at random (6 replicates/treatment and 6 untreated controls) to plots. On May 12, five prefreatment cylindrical core samples (19 x 150 mm) were taken at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 cm from each plot on a line to four cardinal points of the compass (total 20 cores/plot). The samples were washed through a soil sieve to recover and count encysted scales. All compounds except methyl bromide were applied as drenches from one gallon watering cans at a rate of 1.47 kg/ha (8 lb/acre) ai. All plots except those receiving methyl bromide fumigation received five treatments, one each on June 13, 23, 29, Jul 6 and 25. On May 22, methyl bromide plots were chisel-plowed with a tractor breaking soil to a depth of 150 mm. Methyl bromide was applied at a rate of 55 kg/h and held under a polyethylene tarp for 24 hr. On Nov 24 post treatment core samples were taken as before, but at 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° from North on each plot. Samples were processed and counted as before.
Residual Activity of Candidate Insecticidal Formulations for Quarantine Control of the Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1979-80
Authors: Cawley B. M. , Fons J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During quarantine control formulation tests conducted in 71 nW trailer vans in Miami, Florida, aluminum and carpet squares were exposed concurrently with caged insects to evaluate initial effects (reported separately by von Windeguth and Arner). Acrylic carpet and painted aluminum were cut into 152 mm2 squares and exposed, two of each type, at floor level along the sides of trailers one square width from side wall near the center point of the trailer. The exposure period was 30 minutes, and during the last 20 minutes, one rear door of the trailer was opened. Approximately 100 adult, colony-reared flies were caged in 0.47 L paper cans with screened ends. Caged flies were chilled at 0°C until inactive, the cage cover removed, and the cage placed open-end down on the treated surface for one hour. Both surface types were tested at 4 and 28 hr after trailer treatment, and each surface was used only once. Three replications were made, each with residues collected on a different date. Flies were allowed free access to food and water and held at ca. 21°C until mortality counts 24 hr posttreatment. Control mortality was corrected according to Abbott’s formula.
Insecticides to Control Adult Cat Fleas, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. , Silverman Jules 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flea infestations commonly occur in carpeted areas of homes and apartments where cats and dogs are kept as pets. The most common carpet in new homes was selected for these studies. In consisted of 196 double multi-fiber nylon strands/sq in, was backed with jute, and was about 5/8-inch deep. Pieces of carpet were sprayed with insecticide and adult fleas were confined to residual deposits. Two series of tests were made with adult cat fleas 1 to 4 days old that were offspring of adults placed on laboratory cats. Flea eggs dropping from the cats were collected in glass jars fitted to the bottom of cages in which the cats were housed. Larvae were reared in a mixture of dog chow, dried beef blood and brewer’s yeast and pupated in find sand. Pupal cocoons screened from the sand were isolated in 1-qt jars. An inverted funnel fitted with #16 screen was fastened to a jar lid to allow adults that emerged from the cocoons to be separated for the tests. When liquids were applied for Series 1, discs of carpet (3.5 in diam) were sprayed at 20 psi with an automated lab paint gun sprayer equipped with a fine-fan nozzle. Dusts were worked lightly into discs with a stainless steel spatula. Aerosols were sprayed from a distance of ca 6-8 inch. In Series 2, a 1-gal compression sprayer with a fine-fan nozzle (Spraying Systems Multeejet No. 800067) was used to treat ca 3 sq ft carpet. Spray was applied at 4, 2 and 1 qt/800 sq ft rates. A more dense, 15/16-inch shag carpet containing 400 double strands of nylon fiber/sq in was included in Series 2. For each test series 20±5 fleas were confined 24 hours to each of 3 treated and untreated pieces of carpet placed at the bottom of 3.5-in diam x 15-in plexiglass cylinders. After exposure, all fleas were forced into a basin of cool water where dead and live could be counted. Fleas were considered dead if they exhibted no coordinated movement or could not remain upright on the surface of the water. Percent mortality was corrected with Abbott’s formula. Each treatment was tested after being aged indoors at 73°F for 1 day and 1, 3 and 6 weeks.
Control of German Cockroaches in Low-Income Apartments, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of various baits, sprays and aerosols was determined against German cockroaches in 1 and 2 bedroom apartments near Los Angeles. The extent of cockroach infestation was monitored with standard trapping utilizing two 1-qt jars provisioned with fresh white bread. Clay powder in each trap prevented cockroaches from escaping and serves as a desiccant. Two traps were installed in the kitchen for 1 week prior to the treatments and for 1 week at intervals after the apartments were treated. Aqueous sprays were applied with a 1-gal B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Multeejet no. 800067 nozzle. An average of ca 1.1 qt finish spray/apartment was applied along intersections, baseboards, cracks and crevices, behind and underneath appliances, and into areas likely to harbor cockroaches. Most spray was applied in kitchen and bathroom areas, but closets, storage areas, and furniture were treated when the occupant indicated cockroaches had been seen in these areas. In tests with total release foggers, cans of spray were triggered in the center of the kitchen and the closed apartment was not reopened for at least 4 hours. When baits were tested, they were installed in 12 specific sites that included corners of cabinets and near appliances where cockroaches would most likely encounter the bait in the kitchen, bathroom and storage areas. Whitmire #270 Dursban crack and crevice aerosol was thoroughly applied to cracks and crevices in the kitchen and bathrooms. Counts from each post-treatment period were compared to the initial total number of cockroaches trapped. The significance of the reduction in total number of cockroaches trapped/apartment/week was analyzed with a Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test.
Control of Red Harvester Antwith Sprays, Drenches and Baits, 1980
Authors: Price Richard , Ree Bill , Plnkston Ken , Young Jerry , Peden Martha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Control of red harvester ants was evaluated in 2 separate tests. Test 1 was conducted near Stillwater, Oklahoma on 16 acres of open pasture land. Test 2 was conducted along a roadside outside of Perkins, Oklahoma. Treatments in b6th tests were randomized and replicated 10 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and marked prior to the start of the tests. Treatments for Test 1 and 2 were applied on Jun 3 and 23 respectively. Mounds were checked at weekly intervals after treatment. If more than 2 ants were observed per mound, the colony was recorded as active. Treatments were applied over 1 m2 as centered on each nest opening as follows: drenches consisted of 3.81 applied from a garden sprinkler can; sprays consisted of 300 ml applied with a 7.61 B&G stainless steel sprayer at 30 psi; bait was evenly distributed over the surface of the mounds.
Cattle-

Hypoderma

Lineatum

Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Government-owned Hereford and Angus yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexas Co., TX, that are naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypodermalineatum (Villers), are treated with new animal systemic insecticides detected as having possible efficacy for grub control in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test (Drummond, R.O., 1980, Insect. Acaric. Tests 5:216-7). Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or derma I ly by whole-body spray of 4 l/animal at &gt; 1033KPa [usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides may be administered derma I ly by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly by injection of a specific weight of insecticide (usually technical grade insecticide in diethyl succinate) per body weight. Normally cattle are treated initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. After treatment in May or June, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same heard are examined monthly from August to February of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number In untreated cattle. The most recent report of tests with new systemics in cattle was presented by Drummond, R.O., 1980, Insect. Acaric. Test 5:216-7).
Cattle Lice Control, 1980
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Jones C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental cattle originated at several locations in eastern Wyoming. All animals were approximately one year old. Experimental groups, consisting of from 5 to 10 animals, were either heifers, bulls, steers or mixtures of steers and heifers. Cattle treated with MK-933 were first weighed then injected subcutaneously in the neck. A control group was injected with carrier only. BAY Vb 9328 was applied as a whole-body spray of 5 qt/animal at 300 psi. A control group was sprayed with water alone. Rabon and Ectrin ear tags were placed in either one or both ears using the Allflex superfast tag system. Both Ectiban formulations were applied on two separate dates. Ectiban dust was applied by hand to restrained cattle at 2 oz each. Ectiban EC was applied as a whole-body spray of 6 qt/animal at 150 psi. All cattle were inspected for lice on the treatment date prior to treatment, then at various times posttreatment. Total number of lice were recorded in the inspection areas which were 1, 15-cm hair part on the poll and 3, 15-cm hair parts on the head, brisket, neck, backline and rump-tailhead. Viability of lice was determined posttreatment by microscopic examination of specimens.
Insecticide and Acaricide Tests - Past, Present and Future
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide and Acaricide Tests (l&A Tests) is published by the Entomological Society of America (ESA). It appears in the ESA by-laws, has an elected editorial board (two representatives from Section F and one each from Sections B, D, and E), and is represented on the ESA publication council b) its editor. Volume I, l&A Tests was published in 1976, and subsequent volumes have been published annually in the spring. I&A Tests continues to serve motion, improvements in insecticide and acaricide testing methods, and to provide a permanent reference of information on the performance of materials for insect and mite control.
Mouse-

Cuterebra

Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebrafontinella Clark. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally with candidate insecticides formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks to prevent grooming, and their bodies are dipped into 100-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg and 1%. Four days later, mice are killed and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae usually found in the inguinal region. Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis is conducted with corrected percentage kill data. Details of the test have been presented by Gingrich, R.E., et al., 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(3): 742-5, and Drummond, R.O., and R. E. Gingrich, 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(4): 1211-2. Recent results were presented by Drummond, R. O., 1980, Insect. Acaric. Tests 5:230-1. In special tests with 4 known systemic insecticides, technical material was dissolved in diethyl succinate and injected subcutaneously into female mice on a mg/kg basis similar to the oral treatment. In other tests, some female mice were collared and dipped as well as male mice.