bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrorism concern and persistence of negative attitudes towards Islam and Muslims
Authors: Vergani Matteo , Mansouri Fethi , Orellana Liliana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study suggests that terrorism concerns can hinder the effect of prejudice reduction interventions based on education and outgroup knowledge. There is accordance in the literature that individuals who possess more knowledge about Muslim people and Islam are less likely to have anti‐Muslim prejudice. We conducted secondary analyses of data from a representative sample of Australians (N = 1,267), and we found that terrorism concerns moderate the relationship between anti‐Muslim prejudice and knowledge of Islam, wherein individuals with higher levels of terrorism concern have high anti‐Muslim attitudes regardless of their levels of knowledge. In an experimental study manipulating terrorism concerns, a national sample of 502 Australians was randomly allocated to watch a news video about ISIS or a video portraying Muslims positively. Individuals who watched the ISIS video had significantly higher anti‐Muslim attitudes and were significantly more likely to retain negatively framed information about Muslims than those who watched the positive video. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Antifungal Azole Derivatives Featuring Naphthalene Prove Potent and Competitive Cholinesterase Inhibitors with Potential CNS Penetration According to the in Vitro and in Silico Studies
Authors: Sari Suat , Akkaya Didem , Zengin Merve , Sabuncuoğlu Suna , Özdemir Zeynep , Alagöz M. Abdullah , Karakurt Arzu , Barut Burak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCholinesterase inhibition is of great importance in the fight against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Azole antifungals have come under the spotlight with recent discoveries that underline the efficacy and potential of miconazole and its derivatives against cholinesterase enzymes. In this study, we evaluated a library of azoles against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase using in vitro and in silico methods to identify potent inhibitors. Low micromolar IC50 values were obtained for imidazole derivatives, which were further tested and found potent competitive cholinesterase inhibitors via enzyme kinetics study. The active derivatives showed negligible toxicity in in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Molecular modeling studies predicted that these derivatives were druglike, could penetrate blood‐brain barrier, and tightly bind to cholinesterase active site making key interactions via the imidazole moiety at protonated state. Thus, current study identifies potent and competitive cholinesterase inhibitor azoles with minor toxicity and potential to pass into the central nervous system.
BioWF: A Naturally‐Fused, Di‐Domain Biocatalyst from Biotin Biosynthesis Displays an Unexpectedly Broad Substrate Scope
Authors: Richardson Shona M. , Harrison Peter J. , Herrera Michael A. , Wang Menglu , Verez Rebecca , Ortiz Gustavo Perez , Campopiano Dominic J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe carbon backbone of biotin is constructed from the C7 di‐acid pimelate, which is converted to an acyl‐CoA thioester by an ATP‐dependent, pimeloyl‐CoA synthetase (PCAS, encoded by BioW). The acyl‐thioester is condensed with ʟ‐alanine in a decarboxylative, Claisen‐like reaction to form an aminoketone (8‐amino‐7‐oxononanoic acid, AON). This step is catalysed by the pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme (AON synthase, AONS, encoded by BioF). Distinct versions of Bacillus subtilis BioW (BsBioW) and E. coli BioF (EcBioF) display strict substrate specificity. In contrast, a BioW‐BioF fusion from Corynebacterium amycolatum (CaBioWF) accepts a wider range of mono‐ and di‐fatty acids. Analysis of the active site of the BsBioW : pimeloyl‐adenylate complex suggested a key role for a Phe (F192) residue in the CaBioW domain; a F192Y mutant restored the substrate specificity to pimelate. This surprising substrate flexibility also extends to the CaBioF domain, which accepts ʟ‐alanine, ʟ‐serine and glycine. Structural models of the CaBioWF fusion provide insight into how both domains interact with each other and suggest the presence of an intra‐domain tunnel. The CaBioWF fusion catalyses conversion of various fatty acids and amino acids to a range of AON derivatives. Such unexpected, natural broad substrate scope suggests that the CaBioWF fusion is a versatile biocatalyst that can be used to prepare a number of aminoketone analogues.
Unmasking acute aortic root dissection in otherwise stable atypical chest pain
Authors: Al‐Salman Akram , Awuah Dominic O. , Sedeeq Ann , Alkotob Mohammed L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the absence of typical features and risks for life‐threatening chest pain including aortic dissection, the obligation and urgency for their evaluation remains unimpeachable, more so when patients present in stable conditions suggestive of benign etiology. Better do the painstaking, rather than be undone by the pain.
KubeSC‐RTP: Smart scheduler for Kubernetes platform on CPU‐GPU heterogeneous systems
Authors: Harichane Ishak , Makhlouf Sid Ahmed , Belalem Ghalem 
Published: June 2022

SummaryHeterogeneous systems composed of multiple CPUs and GPUs are progressively attractive as platforms for high performance computing because of their higher performance. Especially with the use of containers which are rapidly replacing virtual machines as the compute instance of choice in cloud‐based deployments such in Kubernetes clusters. The task scheduling in a heterogeneous environment became one of the most important issues considered by the platform providers. The ability to choose the appropriate device, CPU or GPU, has a direct impact on the performance of a particular system. It reduces total processing time and increases customer satisfaction. In heterogeneous systems, optimizing resource consumption is a critical aspect for cloud service providers. Adequate scheduling of an application implies optimization of its execution time, which results in resource consumption for the service provider. The development of algorithms for scheduling applications in heterogeneous computing systems has received a significant amount of attention in recent years. A variety of efforts are dedicated to the design of such scheduling algorithms. This article is one of those efforts. We present in this work, KubeSC‐RTP, a scheduler for Kubernetes environment using machine learning based on runtime prediction of the applications in order to better select the appropriate device, CPU or GPU.
TLR4 aggravates microglial pyroptosis by promoting DDX3X‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via JAK2/STAT1 pathway after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Fan , Xu Haocheng , Yang Haiyuan , Shao Minghao , Xu Shun , Lyu Feizhou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) participates in the initiation of neuroinflammation in various neurological diseases, including central nervous system injuries. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐mediated microglial pyroptosis is crucial for the inflammatory response during secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanism by which TLR4 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and microglial pyroptosis after SCI remains uncertain.MethodsWe established an in vivo mouse model of SCI using TLR4‐knockout (TLR4‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. The levels of pyroptosis, tissue damage and neurological function recovery were evaluated in the three groups (Sham, SCI, SCI‐TLR4‐KO). To identify differentially expressed proteins, tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based proteomics was conducted using spinal cord tissue between TLR4‐KO and WT mice after SCI. For our in vitro model, mouse microglial BV2 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (1 µg/ml, 8 h) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (5 mM, 2 h) to induce pyroptosis. A series of molecular biological experiments, including Western blot (WB), real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemical (IHC), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Dual‐Luciferase Reporter assay (DLA) and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), were performed to explore the specific mechanism of microglial pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro.ResultsOur results indicated that TLR4 promoted the expression of dead‐box helicase 3 X‐linked (DDX3X), which mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and microglial pyroptosis after SCI. Further analysis revealed that TLR4 upregulated the DDX3X/NLRP3 axis by activating the JAK2/STAT1 signalling pathway, and importantly, STAT1 was identified as a transcription factor promoting DDX3X expression. In addition, we found that biglycan was increased after SCI and interacted with TLR4 to jointly regulate microglial pyroptosis through the JAK2/STAT1/DDX3X/NLRP3 axis after SCI.ConclusionOur study preliminarily identified a novel mechanism by which TLR4 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated microglial pyroptosis in response to SCI—providing a novel and promising therapeutic target for SCI.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Glucose in Glycopeptides**
Authors: Reintjens Niels R. M. , Yakovlieva Liubov , Marinus Nittert , Hekelaar Johan , Nuti Francesca , Papini Anna Maria , Witte Martin D. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Walvoort Marthe T. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelective modification of carbohydrate residues in glycopeptides is highly relevant as a tool in glycobiology. In particular, oxidation allows for subsequent ligation with a label or handle and can be effectuated enzymatically or chemically. Chemical oxidation of carbohydrate residues in glycopeptides is nearly invariably done using periodate cleavage, leading to aldehydes. In this work, we applied palladium‐catalyzed oxidation for the same purpose. The catalyst, [(neocuproine)PdOAc]2OTf2, developed for the site‐selective oxidation of mono‐ and oligosaccharides on preparative scale, proved suitable for the oxidation of glucose residues in a series of glucopeptides. Careful optimization of the reaction conditions is necessary to get acceptable conversions without excessive over‐oxidation of amino acid side‐chains, in particular threonine. The resulting carbonyl function can be used for an oxime‐ligation to biotin. A protocol for the analysis of the products using mass spectrometry is also reported.
Lid induced sloshing suppression and evaluation of wall stresses in a liquid storage tank including seismic soil‐structure interaction
Authors: Hernandez‐Hernandez Diego , Larkin Tam , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAboveground liquid storage tanks are often found on weak compressive soil due to their proximity to harbours and rivers. These soil conditions lead to a high probability of significant soil‐structure interaction (SSI) under earthquake loading. In strong earthquakes, the transient partial separation of the tank base from the supporting medium (uplift) and chaotic liquid sloshing often cause damage to the tank wall. This experimental research determines the simultaneous effects of SSI and the restriction of sloshing on the development of hoop and axial stresses in the tank wall. A low‐density polyethylene tank with two different supporting foundation conditions, that is rigid and flexible, was tested using a shake table. A high‐density foam floating lid was utilised as a barrier to the development of sloshing enabling evaluation of the contribution of sloshing to wall stress development. The maximum experimentally determined stresses are compared with those from a nonlinear elastic spring‐mass model. The results reveal that a flexible supporting medium reduces the development of stresses by increasing the occurrence of uplift compared to that when the tank lies on a rigid supporting medium. Furthermore, restricting chaotic sloshing decreases both the maximum stress and uplift. The spring‐mass model predicts the maximum stresses with more accuracy when the tank is on a flexible than on a rigid supporting medium.
Three‐dimensional nonlinear soil–structure interaction for Rayleigh wave incidence in layered soils
Authors: Nguyen Kien T. , Kusanovic Danilo S. , Asimaki Domniki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose a methodology to analyze three‐dimensional (3D) nonlinear soil–structure interaction (SSI) problems for Rayleigh (R) wave incidence in horizontally layered soils. The methodology comprises of two steps: (i) we calculate the free‐field displacement histories of the layered soil subjected to incident R wave using thin‐layer method (TLM) and (ii) we compute the effective input forces using domain reduction method (DRM) and simulate the responses of the structure and its vicinity using finite element analysis. Through a comprehensive verification study, we find good agreement with published research on SSI problems that implement boundary elements in the free‐field; as well as on layered media problems with no structures that implement the propagator matrix technique and TLM. The agreement is consistently good for homogeneous and layered soils in 2D and 3D. Finally, we illustrate the capability of the methodology through a nonlinear analysis of a 12‐story building on a two‐layer soil overlaying a homogeneous halfspace, subjected to R wave incidence. The presented example highlights the influence of incident wave azimuth on measures of the building response, such as peak acceleration, inter‐story drift ratio, and rocking motions.
Performance assessment of biomass–geothermal configuration energy resources for cooling and power generation
Authors: Xu Jian , Yao Yanfei , Ehyaei M. A. , Ahmadi Abolfazl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels is the main environmental impact of energy resources. Moving toward the use of renewable energy resources is the only solution to tackle these problems. In this paper, a configuration of the hybrid biomass and geothermal energy resource is examined for cooling and electricity generation. In this study, water as a geothermal working fluid is heated up due to combustion of syngas produced in a digester and produce power in a steam turbine. So, the remaining heat of this geofluid runs an absorption chiller for cooling production. The results reveal that the energy and exergy efficiencies of this proposed cycle are 30.8% and 15.5%, respectively. Moreover, the economic analysis of this cycle concludes that the payback period is 2.8 years and the simple payback period for this configuration is 2.6 years. Moreover, the highest exergy destruction rate of 52.4% belongs to the absorption refrigeration cycle. Whereas the lowest exergy destruction of the steam line is the lowest value of 17.4%.
Evaluation of research and development subsidies and fossil energy tax for sustainable development using computable general equilibrium model
Authors: Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Borzuei Daryoosh , Zahedi Rahim , Ahmadi Abolfazl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolicy‐making in improving the quality of the environment and social welfare and increasing the rate of economic growth to achieve sustainable development has been considered by policymakers in recent years. Punitive policies such as taxes on fossil energy consumption and incentive policies such as subsidies for investment in research and development are among the policies used to achieve sustainable development goals. In this study, using a computable general equilibrium model, two scenarios of subsidy to investment in research and development and subsidy with the taxation of fossil fuels, to double the ratio of investment in research and development GDP have been considered. First, the subsidy rate required to invest in research and development to achieve this goal is determined, and then, the economic, welfare, and environmental effects of the policies implemented are examined. This study shows that in the first scenario, the subsidy rate required to invest in research and development to achieve this goal is 10.74% and in the second scenario is 10.21%. Meanwhile, the required tax rate in the second scenario is estimated at 2.5% of fossil energy consumption. The results show that both the fossil energy tax policy and the research and development subsidy policy are able to reduce energy consumption, air pollution, and social welfare. The reduction in welfare in both scenarios is regardless of the social benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Hydrothermal silicification and its impact on Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Ye Ning , Li Yingtao , Huang Baiwen , Xi Binbin , Jiang Hong , Lu Ziye , Chen Qianglu , You Donghua , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2022

The Shunnan area is a newly discovered hydrocarbon field in Shuntuoguole lower uplift, in which the host rocks are Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates. The carbonate reservoirs are well affected by hydrothermal silicification with well‐preserved intercrystalline pore of replacement quartz and megaquartz cements. Based on the petrography, pore types, and diagenetic processes, this research evaluated the reservoir quality and re‐constructed the porosity evolution in different diagenetic stages. Samples are collected from 7‐cored wells distributed along NNE‐ or ENE‐trending sinistral strike‐slip faults. Nine types of lithofacies were identified in the study area, including mudstone, bioclast wackestone, peloidal bioclast packstone, boundstone, peloidal grainstone, ooid grainstone, slightly silicified limestone (silica less than 25%), strongly silicified limestone (silica around 50%), and chert. Chert has better porosity (average 21.3%) and permeability (average 44.7 mD) than other lithofacies. The main reservoir pores are mainly developed in forms of fractures, intercrystalline replacement quartz and dissolved vugs. The porosity evolution shows that the primary porosity was limited due to cementation and compaction, and the earlier secondary porosity was occlusive as a result of coarse calcite cementation. Therefore, the precursor limestones may be tight, and the reservoir quality of the Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates was controlled by hydrothermal silicification. During the hydrothermal silicification event, the burial depth of the Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates was more than 3,000 m and their stratum temperature was higher than 120°C, representing a deep burial condition. The statistical data of porosity‐depth/temperature trends for carbonates suggest that the early secondary pores would be significantly reduced when the burial temperature reaches 100°C (or depth of strata reaches 3,000 m). Therefore, the dissolved vugs in strongly silicified limestone or hydrothermal chert are caused by hydrothermal silicification and not inherited from precursor carbonate rocks.
Bödewadt flow of non‐Newtonian fluid with single‐walled TiO2 nanotubes suspensions
Authors: Shaw Sachin , Ramesh Katta , Azam Muhammad , Nayak Manoj Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study analyzes the boundary layer flow behavior of single‐walled Titania nanotube (SWTNT)–water nanofluid over a rotating disk. The main motivation behind such an investigation is that single‐walled Titania nanotubes (SWTNTs) exhibit significant results due to their extensive applications, low cost, high thermal conductivity, dielectric properties, and photocatalytic activities compared to prevalently existing single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The radial and azimuthal slip conditions are implemented. Fourth order Runge–Kutta method along with the shooting technique is applied to obtain the appropriate numerical solution. The relevant outcomes include the fact that the Casson fluid parameter controls the radial velocity of SWTNT‐water nanofluid and radial and tangential slip parameters exhibit the same trend of radial velocity in the presence of SWTNT in the base fluid. The descending trend of radial velocity is due to a rise in the Casson fluid parameter in the range . The ranges of other parameters influencing the flow behavior are . The non‐Newtonian fluid model helps in controlling the momentum transfer of SWTNT‐water nanofluid. Boundary layer flow of SWTNT‐water nanofluid due to radial stretching is the novelty of our study. The present work may be extended to the Darcy and non‐Darcy medium, which is beyond the scope of our work.
First‐trimester screening for pre‐eclampsia and small for gestational age: A comparison of the gaussian and Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithms
Authors: Serrano Berta , Bonacina Erika , Rodo Carlota , Garcia‐Manau Pablo , Sanchez‐Duran María Ángeles , Pancorbo María , Forcada Cristina , Murcia María Teresa , Perestelo Ana , Armengol‐Alsina Mireia , Mendoza Manel , Carreras Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivePre‐eclampsia (PE) and small for gestational age (SGA) can be predicted from the first trimester. The most widely used algorithm worldwide is the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm. The recently described Gaussian algorithm has reported excellent results although it is unlikely to be externally validated. Therefore, as an alternative approach, we compared the predictive accuracy for PE and SGA of the Gaussian and FMF algorithms.MethodsSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study was conducted at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) with 2641 singleton pregnancies. The areas under the curve for the predictive performance for early‐onset and preterm PE and early‐onset and preterm SGA were calculated with the Gaussian and FMF algorithms and subsequently compared.ResultsThe FMF and Gaussian algorithms showed a similar predictive performance for most outcomes and marker combinations. Nevertheless, significant differences for early‐onset PE prediction favored the Gaussian algorithm in the following combinations: mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A, MAP with placental growth factor, and MAP alone.ConclusionsThe first‐trimester Gaussian and FMF algorithms have similar performances for PE and SGA prediction when applied with all markers within a routine care setting in a Spanish population, adding evidence to the external validity of the FMF algorithm.
Lung cancer detection by using probabilistic majority voting and optimization techniques
Authors: Sünnetci Kubilay Muhammed , Alkan Ahmet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe number of people dying from lung cancer in the world is increasing day by day. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer holds a prominent position for the recovery of patients. Chest computed tomography scan images that are clinical adjuncts are used in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Herein, the proposed method automatically diagnoses lung cancer using machine learning algorithms, probabilistic majority voting, and optimization techniques. The paper uses images from Adenocarcinoma Left Lower Lobe, Large Cell Carcinoma Left Hilum, Normal, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Left Hilum subjects. 80% and 20% of these images are used in the training and validation set, respectively, and there are 1000 images in the data set. For each image used in the study, image features are extracted using the Bag of Features method (2000 features). Linear Discriminant, Optimizable Support Vector Machine, and Optimizable K‐Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers are trained using these features. Afterward, the new image label is estimated in two steps. First, if the two or three classifier outputs are the same, the image label is detected using the majority voting technique. Second, if the classifier outputs are not the same, the image label is determined according to the most successful classifier, Optimizable KNN. To better experience the majority voting technique used in the proposed method, its detailed theoretical framework is given in the study. Additionally, the Graphical User Interface application of the proposed method has been designed to save time and reduce the workload of expert radiologists. From the results, it is seen that the Accuracy (%), Error (%), Sensitivity (%), Specificity (%), Precision (%), F1 Score (%), Matthews Correlation Coefficient, and Kappa of the proposed method are equal to 99.2837, 0.007163, 99.2571, 99.9139, 99.3486, 99.2816, 0.98738, and 0.94965 respectively.