bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To study the awareness about solid waste management rules among nursing professionals in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Vashisht M. G. , Malik Ishwanti , Dahiya Pushpa , Bhattacharya Sudip 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, on an average, 0.5–0.99 kg/person/day general solid waste is produced which is higher (i.e. 0.1–0.49 kg per person per day) than solid waste generated in low-income nations and lower than in developed countries (1.5 kg per day). The Government of India has issued guidelines for the management of a different kind of hospital waste from time to time including Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules in the year 2016 and is mandatorily applicable to all organizations including the hospitals

Objective:
We conducted this study to assess the knowledge and awareness among nursing professionals regarding various provisions of solid waste management rules, 2016.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study done on nursing professionals across all seniority and from various specialties and super specialty departments. A pretested questionnaire comprising 20 questions was used as a study tool.

Results:
There were a total of 550 participants. The mean knowledge count of the respondents was 9.487273 (1.00–14.00). The mean score was 59.3% of the overall achievable score. In the subgroup analysis, respondents above 60 years of age, married, females, urban residents, nursing sisters scored better than the middle-aged professionals, unmarried, males, rural residents, and staff nurses.

Conclusions:
This study has given insight into various domains of SWM rules, 2016 where nurses performed well and those where considerable gaps exist. The health care workers are more aware of biomedical waste (M&H) rules, and the solid waste management rules are new to them. It is recommended that the biomedical waste management training program must include training on general solid waste management rules.
Pulse oximetry vs non-invasive blood pressure/oscillometry to record blood pressure in neonates: A prospective observational study
Authors: Raju Reenu , Isac Mathai 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To assess the usefulness and efficacy of pulse oximetry (disappearance/reappearance of plethsmographic waves) as a method of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in neonates.

Objective:
To investigate the reliability of the plethysmographic wave form of the pulse oximeter to measure the systolic blood pressure.

Study Setting:
A prospective observational study was done to assess usefulness and efficacy of pulse oximetry (disappearance/reappearance of plethysmographic waves) as a method of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in neonates.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted among 500 neonates to investigate the reliability of the plethysmographic waveform of the pulse oximeter to measure the systolic blood pressure as it is a easy way to perform and non invasive.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The results will compare and analyse statistically by Pearson correlation co-efficient. Regression modeling will carried out to explain the relationship of non-invasive blood pressure with mean DP and RP and attempted to predict the non-invasive blood pressure from mean DP/mean RP.

Results:
The study results revealed that NIBP systolic and diastolic both correlated with DP and RP of pulse oximetry plethysmograph.

Conclusion:
Study concluded that pulse oximetry is a reliable tool in measuring blood pressure in neonates (appearance and disappearance of plethysmogram).
Visual morbidity and spectrum of ophthalmic changes in pregnancy induced hypertension
Authors: Uma M. S , Bhuvana S , Annamalai Radha , Muthayya M 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of ocular changes in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and co-relate the ophthalmic changes and severity of the disease with visual outcome.

Methods and Material:
This is a retrospective study conducted from a hospital-based cohort of pregnant women, who delivered from June 2018 to December 2020. A total of 153 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PIH admitted in the obstetric ward were included in this study. History with regard to age, parity, gravida, gestational age, medical history, and ocular findings were noted from the patient’s case records. Anterior segment examination, dilated fundus evaluation, blood pressure (BP) recordings, urine proteinuria were done. All data were analyzed using the satistical package for social science (SPSS) program.

Results:
Out of 153 patients, 78 (50.98%) were primigravida, 55 (35.95%) were gravida 2, and 20 (13.07%) were multigravida. Gestational age ranged from 23–40 weeks. Ocular changes were seen in 57% of the PIH patients. Hypertensive retinopathy was seen in 23.53% of PIH patients with a mean age of 29.06 ± 4.36 years. Grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy was the most common manifestation in PIH patients (51.16%). The visual loss occurred in 72% of eclampsia and12% of pre-eclampsia which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Papilledema was seen in 6% and refractive error in 41% of the patients.

Conclusions:
Ocular examination of PIH patients reveals important objective information concerning the disorder. The presence of retinal change is a marker of the severity of PIH and is the most common ocular feature. Detection of progression of these changes reflects ischemic changes of the placenta. Fundus examination in PIH patients is important to predict adverse fetal outcomes, and risks to mother’s life.
A study of clinical profile, sequelae of COVID, and satisfaction of inpatient care at a government COVID care hospital in Karnataka
Authors: Suresh Harshini , Nagaraja Manjunatha S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has increased the morbidity and mortality across the world. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness, and the least common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, headache and loss of taste or smell. In this current pandemic, the number of COVID-19 survivors being discharged from the hospital is increasing day by day and the long-term effect among the survivors is also increasing. Fatigue and dyspnea were the most reported Post COVID symptoms. The presence of these symptoms is also known as “Long COVID”. COVID-19 disease has not only affected the physical health but also the mental health of the patients which also had led to decrease in their quality of life.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 35 patients who were admitted in District hospital in Mysuru during the month of October 2020. Purposive Sampling was adopted for selecting the patients. Data was collected through telephone after their discharge. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS trial version 23. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and proportions were calculated. To see the association between the variables, Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test was used. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 49.1 years. Majority of them had fever (68.6%) followed by Myalgia (65.7%), cough (60%), fatigue (42.9%), headache (37.1%) Majority of the patients had no symptoms after discharge (65.7%). After being discharged from the hospital, 22.9% of patients had difficulty in sleeping, 17.1% had loss of taste/smell and fatigue, 8.6% of them had breathlessness and 5.7% of the patients had a change in voice and loss of appetite.

Conclusion:
With the increasing number of cases across the world, we will most likely face an ongoing wave of COVID-19 sequelae. To Prevent this, an extensive rehabilitation program is necessary for patients during hospitalization and after discharge.
A study to assess the outcome in COVID-19 confirmed cases receiving Remdesivir as compared to conventional therapy: Medical records-based audit
Authors: Prabhu Divya , Kulkarni Ashwin , Thyagaraj Vijayashree , Balaji Vijay , Kumar Thimmaiah Anil , Rao Medha Y. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused large number of infections and mortality globally. There are no proven medications to prevent and treat COVID-19, nevertheless several potential pharmacotherapeutic agents have been tried. Remdesivir was found to be effective in few studies.

Aims:
To assess the outcome in COVID-19 confirmed cases receiving Remdesivir as compared to conventional therapy.

Methodology:
This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in South India after the approval of the Institutional ethical committee. It was a medical records-based retrospective, longitudinal study. Medical records of the inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were reviewed from the period of June 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. This study was conducted to assess the clinical and laboratory profile and outcome in the patients admitted with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease who received Remdesivir.

Statistical Analysis:
The analysis was done using SPSS Inc. released 2009, PASW statistics for Windows version 18.0, Chicago.

Results:
One hundred eleven (N = 111) patients were included in the study. 56 patients received the conventional treatment (Hydroxychloroquine HCQ) and 55 patients received Remdesivir. It was seen that among patients treated with HCQ, 24 (42.9%) required non-invasive ventilation and seven (12.7%) patients treated with Remdesivir required it (P = 0.001). It was noticed that the mean duration of hospitalization was 16.6 days in HCQ group and was 11.4 days in Remdesivir group (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates that Remdesivir does have benefit in reducing the mortality and duration of hospital stay. There was reduced requirement of non-invasive and invasive ventilation among patients treated with Remdesivir.
Educational intervention on cervical and breast cancer screening: Impact on nursing students involved in primary care
Authors: Dhanasekaran Kavitha , Verma Chandresh , Sriram Latha , Kumar Vipin , Hariprasad Roopa 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Nurses are the foundation of the Indian health system. They play a crucial role in primary care and implementation of community-centered government health initiatives such as cancer screening. The purpose of this manuscript is to share the experience of this educational intervention study and emphasize the need for drastic medical education reforms to include curricula to strengthen knowledge about cancer screening among nursing students.

Methods:
A one-day workshop on “Cervical and breast cancer screening” was conducted for nursing students pursuing BSc Nursing (Group 1) and General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) (Group 2) in India. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was administered among consented participants before and after the workshop to assess their knowledge and awareness on the subject at the baseline and the improvement they gained after the workshop.

Results:
Ninety-one students attempted both pre and post-surveys, of which 56 were from Group 1 and 35 from Group 2. Students demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge on cervical and breast cancer screening after participating in the workshop.

Conclusion:
Undergraduate nursing education curricula must undergo medical education reform to include education and training for nurses in cancer screening and further motivate their increased participation in preventive cancer screening programs.
The epidemiological aspects of fungal keratitis in a population sample from Northern Iran: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Akbari Mitra , Sedighi Mohadese , Moghadam Reza Soltani , Kazemnejad Ehsan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Fungal keratitis can be influenced by different genetic, environmental, and even iatrogenic factors that the impact of such factors can be very different in various populations. Thus, it should be attempted to provide a clear picture of the epidemiological situation of this disease in different areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of fungal keratitis in a population sample from northern Iran.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on all consecutive patients clinically suspected to fungal keratitis that were ultimately diagnosed by positive fungal culture that admitted to Amiralmomenin hospital in Rasht city, Iran, between 2011 and 2019. The sampling method was census. The required information was collected by reviewing the hospital’s recorded files.

Results:
Forty seven patients were examined in the study that 53.2% of the patients were men. Among the population of women, housewives-farmers with the prevalence rate of 45% and among the population of men, those with farm occupation with the prevalence rate of 52% formed the most common occupational subgroups. Most patients (89.3%) had no history of any ocular surgery or manipulation. Aspergillus was the most frequent pathogen (23.4%) followed by Penicillium (19.1%) and Fusarium (17.0%). History of chronic disorders was also revealed in 44.6%. The results of smear and culture obtained from the study were as follows: in 8.5% of patients as positive smear and positive culture, and in 91.5% as negative smear and positive culture. Only 2.1% used the lens.

Conclusion:
Fungal keratitis affects our male population slightly higher than females with the highest overall prevalence rate in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The most frequent fungal strains responsible for fungal keratitis include Aspergillus followed by Penicillium and Fusarium.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among South Indian pregnant women
Authors: Ravinder S Sheela , Padmavathi R , Maheshkumar K , Mohankumar M , Maruthy K. N. , Sankar S. , Balakrishnan Kalpana 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Deficiency of vitamin D is widespread across the globe. Expectant women are one of the most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Even in South India with abundance of sunlight, pregnant women are believed to be at a high risk of this deficiency. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence of VDD in antenatal women, associate it with modifiable risk factors and evaluate its correlation with low birth weight.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in Chennai, in 100 pregnant women in their last trimester on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and their vitamin D and calcium levels were assessed. A detailed history regarding physical activity, diet, and sun exposure were collected and results were analyzed.

Results:
The point prevalence of VDD (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level <20 ng/mL) among antenatal women in our study is 62%. Univariate analysis revealed that sun exposure and socioeconomic status were the significant factors associated with higher percentage of VDD. Linear regression analysis showed that only sun exposure was a significant predictor for serum 25(OH) D levels. VDD is also associated with increased risk of low-birth-weight babies.

Conclusion:
VDD is highly prevalent among pregnant women in South India leading to adverse health consequences in the mother and offspring. Less physical activity, decreased sun exposure, darker skin complexion, lower socioeconomic status and lack of awareness are the major risk factors associated with VDD in our study population.
What do clinical resident doctors think about workplace violence? A qualitative study comprising focus group discussions and thematic analysis from a tertiary care center of India
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Ranjan Piyush , Sarkar Siddharth , Kaur Tarang Preet , Mathew Roshan , Gora Dinesh , Mohan Ajay , Jangra Jaswant 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant problem in both developed and developing countries among healthcare workers. The study aims to examine the perspective of resident doctors on various aspects of WPV to promote a better understanding of the complexity of the problem of WPV at a tertiary care center in India.

Material and Methods:
Seven focus group discussions were conducted with resident doctors from various departments, which were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to English. Thematic analysis was done using Atlas. ti 8 to generate themes, subthemes, and codes from the discussions.

Results:
A total of 39 resident doctors with a mean age of 28.0 ± 3.8 years were recruited. The themes that emerged during the analysis are as follows: types of WPV, risk factors for WPV, the impact of WPV, and mitigation strategies for WPV.

Conclusion:
Exposure to WPV is not uncommon in India. Factors associated from individual to policy level are involved in subjugating the episodes of violence. Findings from this study will contribute in devising mitigation strategies for the same.
Factor analysis – Eating patterns among khat chewers
Authors: Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Chandika Rama M. , Tubaigi Amal A. , Majrashi Abdulrahman M. , Meree Wedad A. , Asiri Abdulmajeed A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Khat is a green leafy plant that grows in many countries, including in the southwest of Saudi Arabia. It is estimated that one third of the people in Jazan chew khat, and the majority are males. The objective of this study was to identify the dietary patterns among khat-chewing students of Jazan University.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted at Jazan University. A total of 620 khat-chewing students participated in the study. Food intakes were collected through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were assessed by exploratory factor analysis based on the intake of the 17 food groups. A principal component analysis for factor extraction followed by varimax rotation was used.

Results:
Based on the Kaiser criterion and the scree plot, factor analysis identified three patterns that accounted for 70.2% of the variability within the sample. The first factor (starch) was characterized by rice, bread, pizza, potato, traditional food, burger, snacks, and hot drinks. The second factor (meat products/fruit) included meat products, poultry, fish, cool drinks, and fruit. The third factor (dairy products/vegetables) included dairy, low-fat and fat-free dairy, fat, and vegetables.

Conclusion:
The present study identified dietary patterns among khat-chewing students via factor analysis. It is now important to identify a correlation between specific patterns and health status to implement dietary interventions.
Central markers of obesity affect heart rate variability independent of physical activity in young adults
Authors: Banerjee Anushna , Singh Nikhilesh , Raju Aruna , Gupta Richa 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Obesity is considered to be a risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular conditions. Various markers for obesity are used to evaluate effect of obesity on cardiovascular autonomic activity. In light of conflicting reports on effect of obesity on heart rate variability (HRV), use of obesity indices, and the effect of physical activity on HRV, we evaluated autonomic activity in young Indian obese adults using revised Indian and World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) guidelines for obesity, waist circumference (WC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR) taking into consideration the level of physical activity.

Methods:
The study was conducted on 91 young healthy adults. Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were recorded to determine BMI and WHR. Five-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for assessment of HRV. Physical activity was assessed by the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ).

Results:
Waist circumference showed a negative correlation with the time domain parameters of HRV and high frequency normalized units (HFnu) while a positive correlation with low frequency normalized units (LFnu). In multiple linear regression analysis, time domain indices, HFnu and total power decreased while LFnu increased with an increase in WC. The result was supported by the similar effect of waist–hip ratio categories on HRV in analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Physical activity had no effect on HRV.

Conclusion:
Central obesity parameters are better predictors of effect of obesity on HRV independent of the effect of physical activity.
Evaluation of the relationship between retinal nerve layer thickness and corpus callosum atrophy in MRI with memory impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Amirifard Hamed , Sanei Sistani Sharareh , Nezamdoust Zahra , Haratirad Ehsan , Banaie Shahram , Khosravi Alireza 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease in which demyelination and loss of axons lead to disruption of communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Cognitive impairment occurs in a significant proportion of patients with MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and corpus callosum atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging with memory disorders in patients with MS.

Methods:
This descriptive analytical study was performed on patients with a diagnosis of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis referred to the clinic of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan, Iran. An information form that includes a Mini–Mental State Examination was first prepared, by which the patient’s memory impairment is measured. After recording the data, the data were collected using an information form and finally analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using an independent t-test.

Results:
In this study, 80 patients with MS primary progressive multiple sclerosis were included in the study, of which 53 were female and 27 were male. The mean age of patients was 45.1 ± 5.9 years, which did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.536). The mean RNFL thickness in patients with memory impairment was significantly lower than that in patients without memory impairment. The mean corpus callosum thickness was found to be significantly lower in patients with memory impairment than in patients without memory impairment.

Conclusion:
All in all, the results of this study showed that the thickness of RNFL and the corpus callosum in patients with memory impairment was significantly lower than that in patients without memory impairment.