bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate grafted acrylonitrile
Authors: Jiang Peng , Huanyan Xu , Zhang Wenlong , Dai Yajie , Liang Yue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was functionalized to varying degrees with acrylonitrile (AN) by melt grafting processes. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed that AN was successfully grafted onto the EVA. High resistance meter, electronic universal testing machine, etc have studied the influencing factors of grafting process and the effect of grafting rate on oil resistance, mechanical properties and electrical properties. The results show that the optimal grafting process is that the dosage of AN is 8.0 wt%, the dosage of styrene (St) is 5.0 wt%, the dosage of Dilauroyl peroxide (LPO) is 0.4 wt% of the total amount of AN and St, and the grafting rate is 1.24%. With the increase of the amount of LPO and AN, the grafting rate first increased and then decreased. The grafting rate increases, so that the oil resistance, volume resistivity, and breakdown field strength of the grafted product are gradually increased. When the grafting rate is 1.24%, the volume resistivity is 1.63 × 1013 Ω·m, which is significantly improved compared with pure EVA, and the breakdown field strength is 23.26 kV mm−1, which is 12.3% higher than pure EVA.
A deformation model and draping behavior analysis of plain weave fabric with low-twist yarn on continuous surface
Authors: Huang Zhaohua , Ma Wensuo , Jia Chenhui , Lei Xianqing , Zhang Zhuangya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composites have been widely applied in aerospace, transportation and other industrial applications. An effective method shaping the complex performs is draping plain fabrics on the mandrel surface. However, it is a challenge to realize and predict accurately the deformation of fabric. To establish an accurate deformation mode, plain weave fabrics with low-twist yarn were classified into a stable structure that are not easy to deform and an unstable structures with large deformability based on microstructure characteristics. A variable microstructure unit-cell model has been established to analyze the variation of fabric geometry and performance during deformation. To analyze the draping behavior of fabric with large deformation, a four-node unit was used to mesh the fabric, and then each node on the fabric was mapped to the mandrel surface. The deformation of fabric after draping was simulated by the continuous change of the unit mesh. Analysis results showed that the thickness of preform decreases with the increase of the major-axis of the yarn cross-section, and the formability of fabric increases with the increase of fabric pitch. The accuracy and effectiveness of the geometric mapping method are verified by the fabric drape experiment.
Integer and fractionalized vortex lattices and off-diagonal long-range order
Authors: Rampp Michael A , Schmalian Jörg 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyze the implication of off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) for inhomogeneous periodic field configurations and multi-component order parameters. For single component order parameters we show that the only static, periodic field configuration consistent with ODLRO is a vortex lattice with integer flux in units of the flux quantum in each unit cell. For a superconductor with g degenerate components, fractional vortices are allowed. Depending on the precise order-parameter manifold, they tend to occur in units of 1/g of the flux quantum. These results are well known to emerge from the Ginzburg-Landau or BCS theories of superconductivity. Our results imply that they are valid even if these theories no-longer apply. Integer and fractional vortex lattices are transparently seen to emerge as a consequence of the macroscopic coherence and single valuedness of the condensate.
Generation Covid
Authors: Maunder Megan , O'Brien Áine , Reid Jack , Bowman Dominic M , Richards Fred , Gough-Kelly Steven 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Following a survey on the impact of the pandemic on early-career researchers, Megan Maunder, Áine O'Brien, Jack Reid, Dominic M. Bowman, Fred Richards and Steven Gough-Kelly sift the data from Generation Covid.
Assessing and assuring interoperability of a genomics file format
Authors: Niu Yi Nian , Roberts Eric G , Denisko Danielle , Hoffman Michael M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationBioinformatics software tools operate largely through the use of specialized genomics file formats. Often these formats lack formal specification, making it difficult or impossible for the creators of these tools to robustly test them for correct handling of input and output. This causes problems in interoperability between different tools that, at best, wastes time and frustrates users. At worst, interoperability issues could lead to undetected errors in scientific results.ResultsWe developed a new verification system, Acidbio, which tests for correct behavior in bioinformatics software packages. We crafted tests to unify correct behavior when tools encounter various edge cases—potentially unexpected inputs that exemplify the limits of the format. To analyze the performance of existing software, we tested the input validation of 80 Bioconda packages that parsed the Browser Extensible Data (BED) format. We also used a fuzzing approach to automatically perform additional testing. Of 80 software packages examined, 75 achieved less than 70% correctness on our test suite. We categorized multiple root causes for the poor performance of different types of software. Fuzzing detected other errors that the manually designed test suite could not. We also created a badge system that developers can use to indicate more precisely which BED variants their software accepts and to advertise the software’s performance on the test suite.Availability and implementationAcidbio is available at https://github.com/hoffmangroup/acidbio.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An R package VIGoR for joint estimation of multiple linear learners with variational Bayesian inference
Authors: Onogi Akio , Arakawa Aisaku 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSummaryAn R package that can implement multiple linear learners, including penalized regression and regression with spike and slab priors, in a single model has been developed. Solutions are obtained with fast minorize-maximization algorithms in the framework of variational Bayesian inference. This package helps to incorporate multimodal and high-dimensional explanatory variables in a single regression model.Availability and implementationThe R package VIGoR (Variational Bayesian Inference for Genome-wide Regression) is available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) (https://cran.r-project.org/) and at GitHub (https://github.com/Onogi/VIGoR).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cellular immunity in subacute thyroiditis: a new perspective through neopterin
Authors: Sahin Tekin Melisa , Kocaturk Evin , Gurcu Sinem , Kayadibi Huseyin , Dibeklioglu Bilge , Yorulmaz Goknur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. Although its etiology is not fully understood, it is believed to occur shortly after viral infections and is mostly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*35. Cellular immunity is prominent in SAT. Neopterin is produced by activated monocytes/macrophages and is a marker of cellular immunity. Its production is stimulated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ), provided mainly by activated helper T lymphocytes type 1 (Th1) in the adaptive immune system. Therefore, with these cells’ activation, an increase in serum neopterin levels is expected. We aimed to evaluate neopterin levels in demonstrating cellular immunity in SAT and compared 15 SAT patients with 16 healthy controls. Since all SAT patients were in the active thyrotoxic phase, we found a significant difference in thyroid functions. Classical inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were markedly elevated in the patient group. Although we expected to find an increase considering that cellular immunity is at the forefront in the pathogenesis of SAT, we found serum neopterin levels significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. There is an increase in CD8+ T cells in the thyroid tissue in SAT. The possible relationship with HLA-B*35- major histocompatibility complex class I in SAT, and the antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells may be the reason why we observed low serum neopterin levels in patients due to the cytokine imbalance. Neopterin provides unique and independent data from classical acute phase response indicators.
Increased levels of pathogenic Th17 cells and diminished function of CD69+ Treg lymphocytes in patients with overweight
Authors: Mendoza-Pérez Alejandra , Vitales-Noyola Marlen , González-Baranda Larisa , Álvarez-Quiroga Crisol , Hernández-Castro Berenice , Monsiváis-Urenda Adriana , Baranda Lourdes , Niño-Moreno Perla , Hurtado Gilberto , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Raquel , González-Amaro Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A low-grade inflammatory phenomenon is a feature of overweight and metabolic syndrome. The involvement of a pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocyte subset and the CD69+ T regulatory (Treg) cell subtype in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated with or without overweight has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes and CD69+ Treg cells in patients with metabolic dysfunction (insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). The number of pathogenic Th17 cells and the levels and function of CD69+ Treg cells were analyzed in blood samples from individuals with metabolic dysfunction, associated with or without overweight. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes as well as Th22 cells were determined by eight-color flow cytometry analysis, whereas the levels and suppressive function of CD69+ Treg cells were also analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry. We detected increased levels of pro-inflammatory Th17 pathogenic cells and Th22 lymphocytes in overweight unhealthy individuals (P &lt; 0.001, compared to normal weight healthy). Conversely, diminished numbers of CD69+ Treg lymphocytes were observed in metabolically unhealthy individuals, with or without overweight. Likewise, the immunosuppressive function of CD69+ Treg cells was also defective in these patients. The increased levels of pathogenic Th17 cells along with a diminished number and function of CD69+ Treg lymphocytes may significantly contribute to the low-grade inflammatory phenomenon of metabolically unhealthy patients.
Egg rejection based on egg size recognition as a specific strategy against parasitic cuckoos
Authors: Ye Ping , Cai Yan , Wu Neng , Yao Xiaogang , Li Guangrong , Liang Wei , Yang Canchao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts, egg recognition based on color and/or pattern is a common and effective defense to counter parasitism. However, for egg recognition based on size, only a few studies have found affirmative results, and they do not provide unambiguous evidence that egg size recognition in hosts has evolved as an important and specific anti-parasite adaptation against parasite eggs. We studied the brood parasite system between the Asian emerald cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus and its host, the chestnut-crowned warbler Phylloscopus castaniceps. The cuckoo parasitizes the warbler using non-mimetic and larger eggs at a parasitism rate of 12.9%. The warbler nests used in this experiment were built in a dark environment with the nest illuminance near 0 lux. Experiments with 2 types of model eggs with colors and patterns resembling cuckoo eggs of different sizes (cuckoo egg size or host egg size) showed that the warblers were able to reject 63.6% of cuckoo model eggs under these dim light conditions. However, model eggs with the same color and pattern similar to the warbler egg size were always accepted. This study provides strong evidence supporting the theory that egg size recognition can be evolved in hosts as a specific anti-parasite adaptation against cuckoos. We suggest that the egg size recognition of the warbler is an outcome of the tradeoff between the costs of violating the parental investment rule and suffering cuckoo parasitism.
Efficient screening for severe aortic valve stenosis using understandable artificial intelligence: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Makimoto Hisaki , Shiraga Takeru , Kohlmann Benita , Magnisali Christofori Eleni , Gerguri Shqipe , Motoyama Nobuaki , Clasen Lukas , Bejinariu Alexandru , Klein Kathrin , Makimoto Asuka , Jung Christian , Westenfeld Ralf , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The medical need for screening of aortic valve stenosis (AS), which leads to timely and appropriate medical intervention, is rapidly increasing because of the high prevalence of AS in elderly population. This study aimed to establish a screening method using understandable artificial intelligence (AI) to detect severe AS based on heart sounds and to package the built AI into a smartphone application.

Methods and results
In this diagnostic accuracy study, we developed multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using a modified stratified five-fold cross-validation to detect severe AS in electronic heart sound data recorded at three auscultation locations. Clinical validation was performed with the developed smartphone application in an independent cohort (model establishment: n = 556, clinical validation: n = 132). Our ensemble technique integrating the heart sounds from multiple auscultation locations increased the detection accuracy of CNN model by compensating detection errors. The established smartphone application achieved a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 value of 97.6% (41/42), 94.4% (85/90), 95.7% (126/132), and 0.93, respectively, which were higher compared with the consensus of cardiologists (81.0%, 93.3%, 89.4%, and 0.829, respectively), implying a good utility for severe AS screening. The Gradient-based Class Activation Map demonstrated that the built AIs could focus on specific heart sounds to differentiate the severity of AS.

Conclusions
Our CNN model combining multiple auscultation locations and exported on smartphone application could efficiently identify severe AS based on heart sounds. The visual explanation of AI decisions for heart sounds was interpretable. These technologies may support medical training and remote consultations.
Surgical reconstruction of a giant left ventricular aneurysm with prior unloading using a microaxial pump
Authors: Medina Estrada Marta L , Silaschi Miriam C , Charitos Efstratios I , Treede Hendrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 46-year-old male patient presented with cardiac decompensation due to a giant left ventricular aneurysm combined with a severely reduced left ventricular function after a silent myocardial infarction. Left ventricular unloading was performed with a microaxial pump as a bridge to surgery. Myocardial function in the basal segments was preserved and surgical ventricular reconstruction was performed successfully.
Outline of Treatment Procedures and Basic Principles Underlying Treatment
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the treatment procedures and looks at the basic principles underlying treatment. There are four main sections to the Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic: Workbook, Fifth Edition (MAP–5): Basics, Coping Skills, Exposure to Feared Symptoms and Situations, and Planning for the Future. The treatment begins with education about the nature of panic disorder, the causes of panic and anxiety, and the ways panic and anxiety are perpetuated by feedback loops among physical, cognitive, and behavioral response systems. The important coping skills include breathing retraining and cognitive restructuring. The chapter then considers the multiple mechanisms for therapeutic change during exposure therapy: self-efficacy and control; emotional processing; extinction; and violation of expectancies and fear toleration. Ultimately, the skills developed through this program are intended to serve clients far beyond its completion; they are skills clients can rely on for the rest of their lives, or for however long symptoms of panic and/or agoraphobia persist.
Learning to Record Panic and Anxiety
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the importance of objective recordkeeping of panic and anxiety. Keeping records offsets the anxiety-inducing effects of avoidance, subjective monitoring, and recall biases. The goal is for clients to begin to become observers rather than victims of their anxiety. The chapter then looks at the two forms of recording panic and anxiety: Your Panic Attack Record and Your Daily Mood Record. The therapist will provide corrective feedback and answer questions as the client completes (in session) a Your Panic Attack Record for a recent panic attack. Therapists should aid clients in recording their thoughts and behaviors by helping them to consider what it was they were most worried about happening in the panic attack, and what they did as a result. In addition, therapists should provide feedback to clients as they complete the ratings on the Your Daily Mood Record for today and yesterday.
Breathing Skills
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the importance of understanding how breathing patterns contribute to panic and anxiety. Many people overbreathe/hyperventilate when they panic—in other words, they breathe too quickly. Technically, to overbreathe or to hyperventilate means to breathe in more oxygen than is needed by the body. The chapter then explains the mechanics of breathing and the symptoms of overbreathing, which will help correct the mistaken belief that the symptoms of overbreathing are harmful. It also looks at the process of learning diaphragmatic breathing and slow breathing. Finally, the chapter provides a guide on how to apply breathing skills as a coping skill.
Facing Agoraphobia Situations
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the value of facing agoraphobia situations. In many ways, direct experience is the most powerful way of learning. It is essential that one eventually repeatedly face and deal with all the situations on one’s agoraphobia hierarchy. Sometimes people believe that they have already tried to face agoraphobia situations, without any success. As a result, they mistakenly judge that this treatment approach does not work. However, it is likely that previous unsuccessful attempts at facing the fear were not structured in exactly the right way. The chapter then presents the most effective method of exposure exercises. The practices with agoraphobia situations are intended to do three things: gather new information to help one fully realize that what one is worried about happening is very unlikely to happen or never happens; let one learn that one can handle and survive the feelings of anxiety and fear; and show that one can accomplish the things that one has been avoiding.
Involving Others
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents ways for incorporating significant others to help one confront one’s fears of agoraphobia situations. Research suggests that involving spouses, life partners, family, or friends in the therapy process can lead to continued improvement, especially after formal therapy is over. Helpers can learn about panic and agoraphobia by reading this workbook, by having a mental health professional explain things to them, or by asking the client to explain things to them in as objective a way as possible. The helper may aid the client by discussing the task before the client attempts it and after it is over, prompting the client to use their thinking skills and breathing, and helping them to evaluate their accomplishments objectively. Also, the helper can join the client as they complete their exposure practice. However, it is important to remember that if the helper or partner accompanies the client, they could become a safety signal. Therefore, it is essential that, eventually, the client is able to face the symptoms or situation on their own, without their helper.
The Nature of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the nature of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The key features of panic disorder are (1) one or more episodes of abrupt, intense fear or discomfort (i.e., a panic attack) and (2) persistent anxiety or worry about the recurrence of panic attacks, their consequences, or life changes as a result of the attacks. Individuals with panic disorder often avoid, feel hesitant about, or feel nervous in situations where they expect panic attacks or other physical symptoms to occur. Typically, these situations are ones where one may not be able to escape or find help. Avoiding situations from which escape might be difficult or where help may be unavailable in the event of a panic attack or other physical symptoms is called agoraphobia. The chapter then outlines the typical agoraphobia situations. The kind of treatment that is described in this program is called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and it is designed to educate and to teach constructive ways of coping.
Learning More Breathing and Thinking Skills
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the importance of developing more breathing skills and thinking skills, looking at ways of replacing negative thoughts with evidence-based thinking. Two errors characterize anxious thinking: (1) jumping to conclusions and (2) blowing things out of proportion. The first step toward change is to treat thoughts as guesses rather than as facts. The goal is to develop more realistic ways of thinking. One can develop more realistic beliefs by considering all of the evidence—and from obtaining additional information, where necessary—such as the information on panic attacks. It is important to recognize that whatever it is that one is worried about is not going to last forever and is survivable.
Planning for the Future
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the process of learning how to structure continued practice, ways of maintaining progress, and how to approach high-risk times and manage setbacks. One can use the Your Practice Plan form to list all of the things to be practiced over the next few weeks in terms of breathing skills, thinking skills, facing agoraphobia situations, and facing symptoms. The chapter then looks at several ways to maintain the progress that one has made so far. It is helpful to anticipate the kinds of stressful events one may experience ahead of time and to prepare for them in a matter-of-fact way. A panic attack or resurgence of anxiety does not mean that one is getting worse or that one has lost all of the progress that one has gained. The most important thing to do when one has a flare-up of anxious symptoms is to repeat everything one has already done.