bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide area circumferential ablation for pulmonary vein isolation using radiofrequency versus laser balloon ablation
Authors: Skeete Jamario , Sharma Parikshit S. , Kenigsberg David , Pietrasik Grzegorz , Osman Ahmed F. , Ravi Venkatesh , Du‐Fay‐de‐Lavallaz Jeanne M. , Post Zoe , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Larsen Timothy R. , Krishnan Kousik , Trohman Richard , Huang Henry D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with high recurrence rates of AF and atypical atrial flutters or tachycardia (AFT) postablation. Laser balloon (LB) ablation of the pulmonary vein (PV) ostia has similar efficacy as radiofrequency wide area circumferential ablation (RF‐WACA); however, an approach of LB wide area circumferential ablation (LB‐WACA) may further improve success rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (AFT/AF) recurrence postablation using RF‐WACA versus LB‐WACA in persistent AF patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study. Patients were followed for up to 24 months via office visits, Holter, and/or device monitoring. The primary endpoint was freedom from AFT/AF after a single ablation procedure. Secondary endpoints included freedom from AF, freedom from AFT, first‐pass isolation of all PVs, and procedural complications.ResultsTwo hundred and four patients were studied (LB‐WACA: n = 103; RF‐WACA: n = 101). Patients’ baseline characteristics were similar except patients in the RF‐WACA group were older (64 vs. 68, p = .03). First‐pass isolation was achieved more often during LBA (LB‐WACA: 88% vs. RF‐WACA 75%; p = .04). Procedure (p = .36), LA dwell (p = .41), and fluoroscopy (p = .44) time were similar. The mean follow‐up was 506 ± 279 days. Sixty‐six patients had arrhythmic events including 24 AFT and 59 AF recurrences. LB‐WACA group had higher arrhythmia‐free survival (p = .009) after single ablation procedures. In the multivariate Cox regression model, RF‐WACA was associated with a higher recurrence of AFT compared with LB‐WACA (Adjusted HR 3.16 [95% CI: 1.13–8.83]; p = .03).ConclusionsLB‐WACA was associated with higher freedom from atrial arrhythmias mostly driven by the lower occurrence of AFT compared with RF‐WACA.
Electrocardiographic variables associated with underlying Brugada syndrome or drug‐induced Type 1 Brugada pattern in patients with slow/fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Hasdemir Can , Sahin Hatice , Duran Gulten , Orman Mehmet N. , Kocabas Umut , Payzin Serdar , Aydin Mehmet , Antzelevitch Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coexistence of clinical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and drug‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern (DI‐Type 1 BrP) has been previously reported. The present study was designed to determine the 12‐lead ECG characteristics at baseline and during AVNRT and to identify a subset of 12‐lead ECG variables of benefit associated with underlying Brugada syndrome (BrS)/DI‐Type 1 BrP among patients with slow/fast AVNRT.MethodsA total of 40 (11 numerical/29 categorical) 12‐lead ECG parameters were analyzed and compared between patients with (n = 69) and without (n = 104) BrS/DI‐Type1‐BrP matched for age, female gender, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction and comorbid conditions. Five distinct types of ECG pattern (Type A/B/C/D/E) in V1–V2 leads during AVNRT were defined.ResultsA total of nine electrocardiographic variables, four at baseline, and five during AVNRT were identified. At baseline, patients with BrS/DI‐Type 1 BrP had higher prevalence of interatrial block, leftward shift of frontal plane QRS axis, the absence of normal QRS pattern (the presence of rSr’ pattern or type 2/3 Brugada pattern) in V1–V2 and QRS fragmentation in inferior leads compared to patients without BrS/DI‐Type 1 BrP. During AVNRT, patients with BrS/DI‐Type 1 BrP had higher prevalence of Type A ECG pattern (“coved‐type” ST‐segment elevation) in V1–V2, Type C ECG pattern (pseudo‐r’ deflection in V1 and “RBBB‐like” pattern in V2), pseudo‐r’ deflection in V1, QRS fragmentation in inferior leads and “isolated” QRS fragmentation/notching/slurring in aVL compared to patients without BrS/DI‐Type 1 BrP.ConclusionsWe identify several electrocardiographic variables that point to an underlying type 1 BrP among patients with slow/fast AVNRT.
Intraseasonal variability modes of winter surface air temperature over central Asia and their modulation by Greenland Sea ice and central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Qin Mingyue , Li Shuanglin , Xue Yufeng , Han Zhe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe two dominant patterns of the winter (December–February) intraseasonal surface air temperature (SAT) over central Asia is derived by empirical orthogonal function analysis, with the first (mode 1) featuring a regional monopole and the second (mode 2) featuring a northwest–southeast‐orientated dipole. Mode 1 is characterized with warmer (colder) Arctic and colder (warmer) Eurasia along with an anomalous high (low) over the Ural Mountains, while mode 2 is characterized with northwest–southeast dipole over Eurasia along with wave train‐like atmospheric circulation anomalies from the western Atlantic to Asia. Whether the two intraseasonal modes are modulated by lower‐boundary forcing is then investigated, and the results suggest that mode 1 is significantly modulated by sea ice concentration over the Greenland Sea, but by central‐Pacific ENSO for mode 2. Finally, the underlying mechanisms are diagnosed, and the results suggest that the diabatic heating related with decreased sea ice in Greenland Sea induce a positive height anomaly over Urals which favours the formation of Ural blocking and therefore tends to intensify the occurrence of mode 1. Also, central‐Pacific El Niño excites the Pacific–North American teleconnection, which alters North Atlantic subtropical jet extension, favours intensified energy conversion to intraseasonal wave train and subsequently intensifies the occurrence of mode 2. This study highlights the joint role of Arctic sea ice and the SST in the tropical central Pacific.
Distinct impacts of two types of South Asian high on the connection of the summer rainfall over India and north China
Authors: Xue Xu , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reveals a distinct impact of two types of the South Asian highs (SAH)—the northern mode of the SAH (NSAH) and the traditional SAH in its entirety (ESAH)—on the relation between Indian and north China summer rainfall variation. Specifically, variation of the summer rainfall over India has a strong (weak) relation with that over north China in the anomalous NSAH (ESAH) years. In particular, in association with a reinforced and northwestward shifting NSAH, the westerly jet stream at upper‐level troposphere over mid‐latitude also enhances and shifts northward. This is accompanied by a significant circumglobal teleconnection (CGT)‐like atmospheric wave train over mid‐latitude, with two marked anticyclonic anomalies around western Asia and northeastern China. The associated southerly wind anomalies over tropical northern Indian Ocean transport more water vapour northward to India and lead to above‐normal rainfall there. In addition, the pronounced southerly wind anomalies over East Asia transport abundant water vapour to north China and also result in more rainfall over north China. The above‐normal summer rainfall and associated atmospheric heating over India help maintain the CGT wave train over mid‐latitude, which is beneficial to increasing rainfall over north China, and leading to a close connection between the Indian and north China summer rainfall variation. However, for the ESAH years, the summer rainfall anomalies over India are weak, which cannot induce an obvious CGT‐like wave train over mid‐latitude and thus have a weak impact on the rainfall over north China. Thereby, the relation between Indian and north China summer is weak for the ESAH years.
Evaluation of a lanthanide nanoparticle‐based contrast agent for microcomputed tomography of porous channels in subchondral bone
Authors: Silva Mateus O. , Kirkwood Nicholas , Mulvaney Paul , Ellis Amanda V. , Stok Kathryn S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that causes disability and pain. The osteochondral interface is a gradient tissue region that plays a significant role in maintaining joint health. It has been shown that during OA, increased neoangiogenesis creates porous channels at the osteochondral interface allowing the transport of molecules related to OA. Importantly, the connection between these porous channels and the early stages of OA development is still not fully understood. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) offers the ability to image the porous channels at the osteochondral interface, however, a contrast agent is necessary to delineate the different X‐ray attenuations of the tissues. In this study BaYbF5‐SiO2nanoparticles are synthesized and optimized as a microCT contrast agent to obtain an appropriate contrast attenuation for subsequent segmentation of structures of interest, that is, porous channels, and mouse subchondral bone. For this purpose, BaYbF5nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with a biocompatible silica shell (SiO2). The optimized BaYbF5‐SiO227 nm nanoparticles exhibited the highest average microCT attenuation among the biocompatible nanoparticles tested. The BaYbF5‐SiO227 nm nanoparticles increased the mean X‐ray attenuation of structures of interest, for example, porous channel models and mouse subchondral bone. The BaYbF5‐SiO2contrast attenuation was steady after diffusion into mouse subchondral bone. In this study, we obtained for the first time, the average microCT attenuation of the BaYbF5‐SiO2nanoparticles into porous channel models and mouse subchondral bone. In conclusion, BaYbF5‐SiO2nanoparticles are a potential contrast agent for imaging porous channels at the osteochondral interface using microCT.
Medicines and driving in older people
Authors: A Gowan Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany prescribed medicines can impair driving skills, at any age. Each year in Australia approximately 250 people aged 65 and over die from road crashes and approximately 4000 more are hospitalised. Older people are more likely to have comorbidities and require multiple medicines. Of particular concern in relation to driving are psychoactive medicines and other psychoactive substances including alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol, cannabis, opioids, gabapentinoids (pregabalin, gabapentin), stimulants and sedating medicines such as benzodiazepines are the substances of greatest concern in road safety. Patients who have complex medical conditions and take multiple medicines should be assessed for safety to drive a motor vehicle. Pharmacists have an important role to assess the impact of medicines on driving and other motor skills and counsel patients about the risks.
Long‐term conservation agriculture helps in the reclamation of sodic soils in major agri‐food systems
Authors: Jat Hanuman S. , Choudhary Madhu , Datta Ashim , Kakraliya Suresh K. , McDonald Andrew J. , Jat Mangi L. , Sharma Parbodh C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobally crop production is impaired by soil salinity and sodicity and to maintain the sustainability of the production systems under such degraded lands, conservation agriculture (CA) may be an alternative in arid and semiarid regions. An experiment was initiated with different agri‐food systems with CA‐based practices to understand the reclamation potential of sodic soil after continuous cultivation for 4 and 9 years. This included: (i) conventional tillage (CT)‐based rice‐wheat system (Sc1); (ii) partial CA with puddled rice‐zero tillage (ZT) wheat and mungbean (Sc2); (iii) ZT rice‐wheat‐mungbean (Sc3); (iv) ZT maize‐wheat‐mungbean (Sc4). Soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30‐cm depth after 4 and 9 years of wheat harvesting. Results showed an 18% decline in pH2 with Sc2 and ~30% decline in EC2 with Sc2 and Sc3 at upper soil depth after 9 years. Higher cation exchange capacity by 35% and 89% in Sc2 and 38% and 58% in Sc3 after 4 and 9 years was found, respectively, over initial levels. A decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage was recorded in Sc2 by 43% and 50%, after 4 and 9 years over the initial level, respectively. The oxidizable carbon and total organic carbon were increased by ~76%, 69%, and 64% in Sc4, Sc3, and Sc2, respectively, over initial values at 0–15 cm soil depth. Results showed that the CA‐based rice‐wheat‐mungbean system had more reclamation potential than other studied systems. Therefore, long‐term CA practices involving ZT with crop residue recycling and efficient crop rotations have the potential to reduce the sodicity stress and improve soil organic carbon thereby bringing the sodic lands under productive crop cultivation.
Multifactor relationships between the forest structure and water conservation function ofPicea crassifoliaKom. plantations in Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Lin Sha , He Kangning , Wang Zuoxiao , Zuo Yafan , Cheng Chang , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractForest structure and ecosystem function/service relationships have attracted considerable attention; however, knowledge of how forest structure systematically affects water conservation function is still lacking. Such research is urgently needed in Qinghai Province, China's Water Tower, to guide forest structure optimization for plantations with weak water conservation functions. Since healthy, stable tree growth is crucial for forests to fulfill their water conservation functions, this study examined the impacts of forest structure on tree growth. We investigated 115 plots in Qinghai Province and analyzed tree size, size heterogeneity, species diversity, competition and spatial distribution effects on the individual tree growth and water conservation function ofPicea crassifoliaKom. using mixed‐effect and structural equation models, respectively. Forest structure was important in modulating tree growth and the water conservation function. Tree size had the greatest impact on growth performance and directly enhanced the water conservation function. High‐size heterogeneity increased the tree growth rate and directly and indirectly improved the water conservation function via competition. Both individual growth and water conservation function were negatively related to competition between trees. Species diversity promotedP. crassifoliagrowth under a given degree of neighbourhood competition and indirectly affected the water conservation function by increasing size heterogeneity and reducing competition. An uneven spatial distribution did not influence tree growth but positively affected the water conservation function. Therefore, we emphasize that for plantations to fulfill their water conservation functions, pure forests with homogeneous structures should be transformed into mixed forests with heterogeneous structures.
Mapping Organizational Changes of Fiber‐Like Structures in Disease Progression by Multiparametric, Quantitative Imaging
Authors: Qian Shuhao , Meng Jia , Feng Zhe , Zhou Lingxi , Jiang Shenyi , Wang Yalun , Ye Zitong , Zhuo Shuangmu , Chen Jianxin , Li Xinjian , Gao Lixia , Ding Zhihua , Qian Jun , Liu Zhiyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the progression of diseases, modified cell–matrix interactions have major effects not only upon key cellular functions but also upon the structure of extracellular matrix and vasculature, which are two of the most prevalent fiber‐like structures in biological tissues. Unfortunately, quantitative approaches to assessing these structural changes are lacking. Herein, a multiparametric imaging system is established to resolve subtle organizational changes of collagen fibers and vasculature in disease progression. The pixel‐wise, automated waviness (paWav) is developed as a novel biomarker, and a multimodal analysis system combining paWav with orientation and alignment assessments is constructed. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with second near‐infrared excitation or emission are developed for in vivo deep‐penetration vasculature imaging. The organization remodeling of cortical blood vessels in stroke in marmosets is quantitatively characterized using biologically excretable AIE dots that highlight the clinical translation potential, and a distance dependence law in vessel morphological remodeling is identified. Finally, the multiparametric analysis relying completely on collagen fiber signatures successfully differentiates cancerous from normal pancreatic tissues using a predictive classification approach. Collectively, the combined use of these structural changes in fibrillar tissue components may enable a better understanding of cell–matrix interactions in pathogenesis and identification of new potential treatment targets.
Caregiver perspectives on the everyday medical and social needs of long‐term pediatric liver transplant patients
Authors: Wadhwani Sharad I. , Barrera Ana‐Gabriela , Shifman Holly P. , Baker Ethel , Bucuvalas John , Gottlieb Lara M. , Kotagal Uma , Rhee Sue J. , Lai Jennifer C. , Lyles Courtney R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Using in‐depth interviews, we sought to characterize the everyday medical and social needs of pediatric liver transplant caregivers to inform the future design of solutions to improve care processes. Participants (parents/caregivers of pediatric liver transplant recipients) completed a survey (assessing socioeconomic status, economic hardship, health literacy, and social isolation). We then asked participants to undergo a 60‐min virtual, semistructured qualitative interview to understand the everyday medical and social needs of the caregiver and their household. We intentionally oversampled caregivers who reported a social or economic hardship on the survey. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and organized around the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behavior model. A total of 18 caregivers participated. Of the participants, 50% reported some form of financial strain, and about half had less than 4 years of college education. Caregivers had high motivation and capability in executing transplant‐related tasks but identified several opportunities for improving care. Caregivers perceived the health system to lack capability in identifying and intervening on specific family social needs. Caregiver interviews revealed multiple areas in which family supports could be strengthened, including (1) managing indirect costs of prolonged hospitalizations (e.g., food, parking), (2) communicating with employers to support families' needs, (3) coordinating care across hospital departments, and (4) clarifying care team roles in helping families reduce both medical and social barriers. This study highlights the caregiver perspective on barriers and facilitators to posttransplant care. Future work should identify whether these themes are present across transplant centers. Caregiver perspectives should help inform future interventions aimed at improving long‐term outcomes for children after liver transplantation.
Influence of PEG Subunit on the Biological Activity of Ionenes: Synthesis of Novel Polycations, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies
Authors: Kopiasz Rafał J. , Kulbacka Natalia , Drężek Karolina , Podgórski Rafał , Łojszczyk Ilona , Mierzejewska Jolanta , Ciach Tomasz , Augustynowicz‐Kopeć Ewa , Głogowska Agnieszka , Iwańska Agnieszka , Tomaszewski Waldemar , Jańczewski Dominik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn alarming increase of antibiotic resistance among pathogens creates an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents. Many reported polycations show high antimicrobial activity along with low hemolytic activity. Unfortunately, most of those molecules remain highly cytotoxic against various mammalian cells. In this work, a systematic study on the impact of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether side groups (short polyethylene glycol (PEG) analog) on antimicrobial, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties of novel amphiphilic ionenes is presented. A detailed description of synthesis, leading to well‐defined alternating polymers, which differ in structural elements responsible for hydrophilicity (PEG) and hydrophobicity (alkyl chain), is presented. Obtained results show that the PEG moiety and fine‐tuned hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance of ionenes synergistically lead to low cytotoxic, low hemolytic molecules with high activity against S. aureus, including methicillin‐resistant strains (MRSA). Additionally, the results of mechanistic studies on bacterial cells and fluorescently labeled liposomes are also discussed.
Multicomponent Hydrogel Matrices of Fmoc‐FF and Cationic Peptides for Application in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Rosa Elisabetta , Diaferia Carlo , Gianolio Eliana , Sibillano Teresa , Gallo Enrico , Smaldone Giovanni , Stornaiuolo Mariano , Giannini Cinzia , Morelli Giancarlo , Accardo Antonella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last years, peptide‐based hydrogels are being increasingly used as suitable matrices for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Recently, the synthesis and the gelation properties of a small library of cationic peptides, containing a Lys residue at the C‐terminus and derivatized with an Fmoc group or with the fluorenyl methoxycarbonyl‐diphenylalanine (FmocFF) at the N‐terminus are derived. Here, it is demonstrated that the combination of these peptides with the well‐known hydrogelator FmocFF, in different weight/weight ratios, allows the achievement of seven novel self‐sorted hydrogels, which share similar peptide organization of their supramolecular matrix. Rheological and relaxometric characterization highlight a different mechanical rigidity and water mobility in the gels as demonstrated by the storage modulus values (200 Pa < G’ < 35 000 Pa) and by relaxometry, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrate that most of the tested mixed hydrogels do not disturb significantly the cell viability (>95%) over 72 h of treatment. Moreover, in virtue to its capability to strongly favor adhesion, spreading and duplication of 3T3‐L1 cells, one of the tested hydrogel may be eligible as synthetic extracellular matrix.
Water‐Soluble (Poly)acylhydrazones: Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Caillaud Kilian , Ladavière Catherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcylhydrazone‐based (macro)molecules display an increasingly broad spectrum of applications, from small therapeutic molecules and metal‐ions probes to self‐healing films and biorelevant dynamic polymers. The acylhydrazone function is indeed of prime interest since its unique design combines hydrogen bonds, pH‐dependent reversibility, ability to undergo molecular exchanges, and a possible polyvalency. However, a key parameter of its use in aqueous media is the associated water‐solubility of the resulting (macro)molecule. This property can indeed become a limitation for applications requiring high concentrations or no organic cosolvent. This review first focuses on describing the acylhydrazone function, its properties, and its relevancy in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Then it details the synthesis strategies (molecular design, cosolvent, reaction conditions) reported in the literature to ensure a sufficient solubilization of both single‐bond and multiple‐bond acylhydrazone (macro)molecules, together with their various applications.