bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Early Palliative Care in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shih Hsiu-Hua , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Huang Tsai-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Advanced cancer patients often suffer from a reduced quality of life (QoL) and cancer-related symptoms. Early palliative care may improve their QoL and symptom severity. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of early palliative care on QoL, symptom severity, and other outcomes in advanced cancer patients, and searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library databases for potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was QoL. The secondary outcomes were symptom intensity and functional well-being (Trial Outcome Index, TOI). The study protocol has been registered and approved by PROSPERO (CRD42020164047). Results: We obtained 12 RCTs enrolling 2980 participants. Compared with the usual care, early palliative care significantly improved QoL at ≤ 3 months (SMD = .16, 95% CI = .05–.27) and when treated more 3 months (SMD = .26, 95% CI = .11–.40). Compared with usual treatment, patients who received early palliative care exhibited a significant reduction in symptom intensity when treated more than 3 months (SMD = .18, 95% CI = .06–.31) and in TOI ≤ 3 months (SMD = .28, 95% CI = .11–.45). Conclusions: Early palliative care improves QoL, symptom intensity, and TOI in advanced cancer patients. We recommend introducing early palliative care for advanced cancer patients as the approach provides additional clinical benefits compared with usual care.
A Novel and Practical Protocol for Three-Dimensional Assessment of Alveolar Cleft Grafting Procedures
Authors: Stoop Celine C. , Janssen Nard G. , ten Harkel Timen C. , Rosenberg Antoine J. W. P. 
Published: March 2022

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of a new, easy-to-use volumetric assessment of the alveolar cleft. Design Twelve cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets of patients with a unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate were evaluated by two investigators. Residual alveolar cleft calcified volume one year after surgery was analyzed by using standardized landmarks to determine the borders of the cleft defect and semi-automatically segment the alveolar cleft defect. Results The Dice-coefficient between observers for the segmented preoperative alveolar cleft defect was 0.81. Average percentage of residual alveolar cleft calcified material was 66.7% one year postoperatively. Conclusions This study demonstrates a reliable and practical semi-automatic three-dimensional volumetric assessment method for unilateral clefts using CBCT.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Factors Related to the Effective Alveolar Molding in Presurgical Infant Orthopedics: Findings From a Pilot Study
Authors: Fujimoto Mai , Mano Mikiko , Sasaki Au , Hasegawa Hiroya , Suzuki Masaharu , Nojiri Naoko , Minami Yuri , Tokioka Kazuyuki , Suda Naoto 
Published: March 2022

Objective Presurgical infant orthopedics (PIO) reduces the severity of the original cleft and burden on patients and their parents, provides better esthetics and function, and enables surgeons to achieve better surgical repair. To reduce the alveolar cleft width and to predict treatment difficulty using PIO, various measures were examined in pretreatment cast models. Design Retrospective case-control pilot study. Patients The patients were 22 infants with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and cast models of these infants were used. Methods After PIO using passive plates, infants with UCLP were divided into two groups: contact group (12 cases with close proximity of the greater and lesser segments) and non-contact group (10 cases without proximity of segments). The two groups were compared, and variables related to the proximity between alveolar clefts were examined. Results There was no significant difference in age at PIO initiation between the two groups. However, the treatment duration was significantly longer in the non-contact group than in the contact group. Among the 13 variables, the initial lateral deviation of the nasal septum was significantly larger in the contact group than in the non-contact group. A significant positive correlation was observed between the initial lateral deviation of the nasal septum and reduction of the alveolar cleft width by PIO. Conclusion Initial lateral deviation of the nasal septum is a predictive factor for the proximity between alveolar segments in infants with UCLP at the PIO.
Application of a Novel Nasal Clip for Nostril Retention After Primary Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Yang Chao , Wu Min , Yin Jiayi , Zeng Ni , Shi Bing , Huang Hanyao 
Published: March 2022

Objective This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of using a novel nasal clip designed for nostril retention after primary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty. Design This is a retrospective study. Setting Department of Cleft Lip and Palate in a stomatological hospital. Patients A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who had a unilateral complete cleft lip without cleft palate and underwent primary surgical repair. Interventions The patients were categorized into 3 groups: the group in which the conventional nasal retainer was used, that in which the nasal clip was used, and the control group in which no postoperative nasal retainer was used. The nasal retainer or our nasal clip was applied 7 days after primary surgical repair and kept in the nostrils of children from 6 to 12 months. Main Outcome Measures Noses underwent photogrammetry preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. The nose was also subjectively scored at the follow-up. Results The nasal retainer and the nasal clip significantly minimized relapse as determined by nasal tip deviation. The nasal clip sustained nasal symmetry, as determined by the postoperative nostril width ratio, better than did the conventional retainer. After 6 to 12 months, the nasal clip achieved better columellar morphology and a more symmetric nasal base than did the conventional nasal retainer. Statistical differences in subjective scores between the control and nostril retention groups were noted. Conclusion The application of the novel nasal clip after primary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty preserves nasal morphology and reduces postoperative relapse without the need for adhesive tape.
Hitch suture assisted tuck in Tenon's Patch Graft for management of Corneal Perforations
Authors: Bafna Rahul Kumar , Kalra Nidhi , Rathod Aishwarya , Asif Mohamed Ibrahime , Lata Suman , Parmanand Kumar , Kaur Navpreet , Kittur Amogh Shreekant , Shakkarwal Chetan , Roop Prakhyat , Agarwal Rinky , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Namrata 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To describe a novel modification of tuck-in Tenon's patch graft (TPG) using temporary horizontal mattress sutures and fibrin glue to hitch the graft in the management of corneal perforations. Design Ambispective interventional case series. Methods Modified technique of autologous TPG was used to seal corneal perforations measuring 3–5 mm, using horizontal mattress sutures to hitch the graft in a lamellar pocket, followed by application of fibrin glue. The horizontal mattress sutures were removed after the reformation of the anterior chamber. The primary outcome measure was a well formed anterior chamber in the post-operative period and the secondary outcome was epithelization time. Results The surgery was performed in 22 eyes. The mean age was 43.86 ± 16.02 (26–66) years, with 14 males and eight females. The etiologies of corneal perforation included dry eye (n = 10), neurotrophic keratitis (n = 6), trauma (n = 2), chemical injury (n = 2) and exposure (n = 2). The mean size of the perforation with the thinned-out area was 4.3 mm (range 3–5 mm). The mean duration of epithelialization was 14.31 ± 2.63 days (7–21 days). No intraoperative complications were observed. All eyes had a well-formed anterior chamber in the immediate postoperative period. Postoperatively, two eyes had graft pseudoectasia due to a thick graft and supra tenon haemorrhage each; one eye each had graft thinning with the formation of pseudopterygium and graft melting. Conclusion Tenon's patch graft, along with the use of temporary horizontal mattress sutures and fibrin glue, is an effective modification of the technique for managing corneal perforations measuring 3–5 mm.
Long-term follow-up of bilateral ectasia after laser–assisted Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) with known risk factors
Authors: Goupillou Paul , Boutillier Guillaume , Naguszewski Dominique , Muraine Marc 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To report the long-term follow-up of bilateral ectasia after laser–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with known risk factors Case Report We report the case of a 23-year-old woman. Preoperative refraction was – 7.25 −2.00 × 20 in the right eye and −7.25 −1.50 × 155 in the left eye. Maximal keratometry was 47.32 diopters and 48.37 diopters, respectively, which was a contraindication to Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) and a SMILE was proposed in 2015. One year after surgery, ectasia developed in the left eye and crosslinking (CXL) was performed. Two years after surgery, ectasia also developed in the right eye and CXL was also performed, leading to stabilization in both eyes five years after surgery. Conclusions Known contraindications for LASIK are also contraindications for the performance of refractive surgery with SMILE. CXL is an efficient treatment of post-SMILE corneal ectasia.
Impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults
Authors: Shivgulam Madeline E , O’Brien Myles W , Johns Jarrett A , Petterson Jennifer L , Wu Yanlin , Frayne Ryan J , Kimmerly Derek S 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Acute, laboratory-based bouts of prolonged sitting attenuate lower-limb arterial endothelial-dependent vasodilation. However, the impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial health is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that greater habitual total sedentary time, more time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer sedentary breaks would be associated with worse popliteal flow-mediated dilation (FMD) responses. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 98 healthy participants (19–77 years, 53 females) that wore an activPAL monitor on the thigh for 6.4 ± 0.8 days to objectively measure sedentary activity and completed a popliteal ultrasound assessment to determine FMD. Both relative (%baseline diameter) and absolute (mm) FMD were calculated. Using bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses, we examined if there were relationships between sedentary outcomes and FMD while statistically controlling for any potential confounders. Results: In the multiple regression model, age ( p = 0.006, β = −0.030, 95% CI = −0.051, −0.009) and total time in sedentary bouts > 1 hour ( p = 0.031, β = −0.005, 95% CI = −0.009, −0.001) were independent predictors of relative FMD. Age (β = −0.002, 95% CI = −0.003, −0.001), mean blood flow (β = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.024), moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 155.9E−5, 95% CI = 22.4E−5, 289.4E−5), sedentary breaks (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.007, 0.066), and total time spent in sedentary bouts > 1 hour (β = −25.02E−5, 95% CI = −47.67E−5, −2.378E−5) were predictors of absolute FMD (all, p < 0.047). All independent outcomes remained significant after partially controlling for all other predictor variables (all, p < 0.031). Conclusions: Habitual prolonged sedentary bouts and sedentary breaks, but not total sedentary time, were predictors of popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function. The patterns by which sedentary time is accumulated may be more important than the total sedentary time on lower-limb arterial health.
Rationale and methods of the ‘Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey’ and initial findings from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Bunting Lisa , McCartan Claire , Davidson Gavin , Grant Anne , Mulholland Ciaran , Schubotz Dirk , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark 
Published: March 2022

Backgrounds and Aims: The Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS) was commissioned by the Health and Social Care Board (NI) with the aim of providing reliable prevalence estimates of the mental health problems of children and young people aged 2–19 years. Method: The NIYWS used a random probability design, stratified by deprivation decile and county, to ensure even geographical distribution and representation. The survey used a broad range of validated measures to identify children and young people who met established clinical criteria for common mood, anxiety and behaviour disorders, trauma related disorders, as well as those at risk of autism spectrum disorder, eating disorders, future psychotic illness, self-injury or suicide. Results: Data were collected on 3074 children and young people aged 2–19 years, as well as over 2800 parents. The survey achieved a high response rate (67%) and initial findings indicated that 11% of the sample were at risk of emotional or behavioural problems. Conclusions: The NIYWS was the first large scale nationally representative survey of the mental health of children and young people in NI. Despite the legacy of political violence the initial findings show comparable levels of emotional and behavioural problems to England.
Journey of remdesivir from the inhibition of hepatitis C virus to the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Cihlar Tomas , Mackman Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

If a planned path reaches a dead-end, one can simply stop. Or one can turn around, walk back to the last intersection and take another path, or one can consider taking few paths in parallel. The last scenario is reflective of the journey of remdesivir, the first antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, that was approved by FDA less than 10 months after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. As of January 2022, 10 million COVID-19 patients have been treated with remdesivir worldwide, but the journey of this molecule started more than a decade earlier with the search for a cure of hepatitis C virus. The development path of remdesivir before the emergence of COVID-19 represents a valuable example of a preemptive pandemic preparedness, but the pursuit of this path would not have been possible without sustaining support of John C. Martin, whom we will sorely miss for his piercing vision, uncompromising leadership, and genuine compassion for patients suffering around the world.
Inclusion of people living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias who lack a study partner in social research: Ethical considerations from a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: de Medeiros Kate , Girling Laura M. , Berlinger Nancy 
Published: March 2022

Background Because use of a study partner (proxy decision-maker) to give informed consent on behalf of someone living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) is common in nearly all clinical research, people living with ADRD who lack a study partner are regularly excluded from participation. Social research presents different opportunities and risks than clinical research. We argue that guidelines developed for the latter may be unduly restrictive for social research and, further, that the automatic exclusion of people living with ADRD presents separate ethical challenges by failing to support extant decision-making capacity and by contributing to underrepresentation in research. Purpose The study objective was to identify key components related to including cognitively vulnerable participants who lack a study partner in social research. Research design/Study sample We conducted an adaptive qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) and subsequent content analysis on 49 articles addressing capacity and research consent for potentially cognitively compromised individuals, to include people living with ADRD, who lack a study partner. Results We identified four major topic areas: defining competency, capacity, and consent; aspects of informed consent; strategies to assess comprehension of risks associated with social research; and risks versus benefits. Conclusions Based on findings, we suggest new and ethically appropriate ways to determine capacity to consent to social research, make consent processes accessible to a population experiencing cognitive challenges, and consider the risks of excluding a growing population from research that could benefit millions.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Elderly Depression
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhou Ke , Zhang Huiping 
Published: March 2022

Background: The present study aimed to synthesize the effects of five types of child maltreatment (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect) on late-life depression. Method: Four English-language databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database) were systematically reviewed, and data related to the association between child maltreatment and late-life depression were extracted. Ten studies involving 30,308 older adults were included, and the effect sizes were pooled using random-effect models. Findings: Except for sexual abuse, four types of child maltreatment were found to be positively associated with late-life depression. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and physical neglect were associated with elderly depression (PA: OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.55–1.95, p < .001; EA: OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.73–2.12, p < .001; PN: OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.15–3.67, p < .01) at a small level, and emotional neglect was associated with elderly depression (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.43–7.39, p < .001) at an approximately moderate level. Gender moderated the relationship between physical neglect, emotional neglect, and late-life depression. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the significance of child maltreatment in the development of late-life depression, and underscore the need for future research and practice to explore potential ways to address late-life depression among older adults who suffered child maltreatment.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Impact on Mortality
Authors: Feldstein Eric , Ali Syed , Patel Smit , Raghavendran Keshav , Martinez Erick , Blowes Leah , Ogulnick Jonathan , Bravo Michelle , Dominguez Jose , Li Boyi , Urhie Ogaga , Rosenberg Jon , Bowers Christian , Prabhakaran Kartik , Bauershmidt Andrew , Mayer Stephan A. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a known predictor of poor outcomes in critically ill patients. We sought to examine the role ARDS plays in outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Prior studies investigating the incidence of ARDS in SAH patients did not control for SAH severity. Hence, we sought to determine the incidence ARDS in patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH and investigate the predisposing risk factors and impact upon outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the years 2008 to 2014. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors and outcome associated with developing ARDS in the setting of SAH. Results We identified 170,869 patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, of whom 6962 were diagnosed with ARDS and of those 4829 required mechanical ventilation. ARDS more frequently developed in high grade SAH patients (1.97 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.01; p < 0.0001). Neurologic predictors of ARDS included cerebral edema (OR 1.892, CI 1.180–3.034, p = 0.0035) and medical predictors included cardiac arrest (OR 4.642, CI 2.273–9.482, p < 0.0001) and cardiogenic shock (OR 2.984, CI 1.157–7.696, p = 0.0239). ARDS was associated with significantly worse outcomes (15.5% vs. 52.9% discharged home, 63.0% vs. 40.8% discharged to rehabilitation facility and 21.5% vs. 6.3% in-hospital mortality). Conclusion Patients with SAH who developed ARDS were less likely to be discharged home, more likely to need rehabilitation and had a significantly higher risk of mortality. The identification of risk factors contributing to ARDS is helpful for improving outcomes and resource utilization.
Recruiting an underserved, difficult to reach population into a cancer trial: Strategies from the Restore-2 Rehabilitation Trial for gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients
Authors: Simon Rosser BR , Wright Morgan , Hoefer Chris J , Polter Elizabeth J , Kohli Nidhi , Wheldon Christopher W , Haggart Ryan , Talley Kristine MC , Mitteldorf Darryl , Kilian Gunna , Konety Badrinath R , Ross Michael W , West William 
Published: March 2022

Background/aims: Sexual minorities are small and under-researched populations that are at disproportionate risk for cancer and poor cancer outcomes. Described as a “hidden population,” the principal research challenge has been to develop effective methods to identify and recruit such cancer patients into cancer studies. Online recruitment strategies, as well as targeted clinic recruitment using patient-entered sexual orientation and gender identity data from electronic medical records have potential to transform recruitment, but studies testing the effects of how to recruit using these have not been published. Methods: In 2019, we conducted a naturalistic, three-arm, stratified prospective study to compare three recruitment strategies: (a) clinic based recruitment of prostate cancer patients from gay health and urology clinics; (b) directly from the gay community; and (c) online recruitment (through cancer support, sex/dating, and social sites). For each strategy, we estimated time, workload, and direct costs involved. To study how recruitment strategy may affect sampling, we tested for retention rates, demographic and outcome differences across sites. Using these methods, we successfully recruited 401 gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients into a randomized, controlled, 24-month trial testing an online sexual and urinary rehabilitation curriculum tailored for this population. Results: There were seven key results. First, it is possible to recruit substantial numbers of sexual minority men into prostate cancer studies provided online recruitment methods are used. Second, we observed big differences in dropout during study onboarding by recruitment source. Third, within online recruitment, the online sex/dating application (app) was the most successful and efficient, followed by the cancer support site, and then the social networking site. Fourth, while clinics were the cheapest source of recruitment, they were time intensive and low in yield. Fifth, the cancer support site and sex/dating app recruits differed by several characteristics, with the former being more rehabilitation-focused while the latter were younger and more sexually active. Sixth, we found almost no differences in outcomes across the three online recruitment sites. Seventh, because retention in online studies has been a concern, we confirm very low attrition at 3- and 6 months into the trial. Conclusion: For sexual minority cancer research, more research on how to use sexual orientation and gender identity electronic medical record data for clinic-based recruitment is needed. For other small or hard-to-reach populations, researchers should compare and publish online versus offline recruitment strategies.