bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational intelligence based sustainable computing with classification model for big data visualization on map reduce environment
Authors: Xu Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the researchers have perceived the modifications or transformations motivated by the presence of big data on the definition, complexity, and future direction of the real world optimization problems. Big Data visualization is mainly based on the efficient computer system for ingesting actual data and producing graphical representation for understanding large quantity of data in a fraction of seconds. At the same time, clustering is an effective data mining tool used to analyze big data and computational intelligence (CI) techniques can be employed to solve big data classification process. In this aspect, this study develops a novel Computational Intelligence based Clustering with Classification Model for Big Data Visualization on Map Reduce Environment, named CICC-BDVMR technique. The proposed CICC-BDVMR technique intends to perform effective BDV using the clustering and data classification processes on the Map Reduce environment. For clustering process, a grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) with kernelized fuzzy c-means (KFCM) technique is used to cluster the big data and the GOA is mainly utilized to determine the initial cluster centers of the KFCM technique. GOA is a recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the swarming behaviour of grasshoppers. This algorithm has been shown to be efficient in tackling global unconstrained and constrained optimization problems. Based on the modified GOA, an effective kernel extreme learning machine model for financial stress prediction was created. Besides, big data classification process takes place using the Ridge Regression (RR) and the parameter optimization of the RR model is carried out via the Red Colobuses Monkey (RCM) algorithm. The design of GOA and RCM algorithms for parameter optimization processes for big data classification shows the novelty of the study. A wide ranging simulation analysis is carried out using benchmark big datasets and the comparative results reported the enhanced outcomes of the CICC-BDVMR technique over the recent state of art approaches. The broad comparison research illustrates the CICC-BDVMR approach’s promising performance against contemporary state-of-the-art techniques. As a result, the CICC-BDVMR technique has been demonstrated to be an effective technique for visualising and classifying large amounts of data.
085 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Improves Erectile Function: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Poulios E , Mykoniatis I , Pyrgidis N , Zilotis F , Kapoteli V , Kotsiris D , Kalyvianakis D , Hatzichristou D 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Animal studies postulate that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections improve key elements of the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to erectile dysfunction (ED).

Objectives
To conduct the first double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of PRP injections in patients with mild and moderate ED.

Methods
Sixty sexually active patients with mild and moderate ED were randomly assigned to two sessions, with a one-month difference, of 10 mL PRP (n=30) or placebo (n=30) intracavernosal injections. An FDA-approved separation system was used. Patients were evaluated at one, three and six months after completion of the treatment protocol. A per-protocol analysis was applied. All participants withheld any ED treatment during the trial. The primary outcome was the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in the International Index of Erectile Function – Erectile Domain (IIEF-EF) from baseline to six months after final treatment. Erectile function at all time points, as well as safety of PRP injections, were also evaluated.

Results
At six months, a MCID was achieved by 20/29 (69%) patients in the PRP group compared to 7/26 (27%) in the placebo group. The risk difference between the two groups was 42% (95%CI: 18-66), p&lt;0.001 and the baseline-adjusted mean between-group-difference in the IIEF-EF score was 3.9 points (95%CI: 1.8-5.9). Similarly, a statistically significant difference of both the number of participants attaining a MCID and the IIEF-EF score was also observed at the one- and three-month evaluation between the two groups. Accordingly, patients receiving PRP were more satisfied with the treatment. No adverse events were observed during the study period.

Conclusions
Intracavernosal PRP injection therapy used as outlined in this trial appears to be a safe and effective short-term treatment for the management of mild to moderate ED. Therefore, it may be a promising addition to the urologist's armamentarium for the management of ED. Still, further high-quality studies are warranted to corroborate our findings.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
088 Acetyl-L-Carnitine Improves Erectile Function in Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury Rats Via Promoting Cavernous Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wang J , Song J , Song G , Hu P , Sun T , Liu K , Xu W , Liu J , Ruan Y 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), an acetyl derivative of L-carnitine, has been proven to promote nerve repair and regeneration in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) caused by CN injury is a common complication after radical prostatectomy, which lacks efficient curative treatments.

Objective
Although attempts have been made to apply ALCAR to treatment of peripheral neuropathy, the effects of ALCAR on NED remain unknown. Therefore, we intend to explore the potential role of ALCAR in the treatment of NED.

Methods
A rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) was established by crushing the CN 5 millimeters distal to the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). Twenty-four BCNI rats were randomly divided into BCNI group, BCNI+ALCAR-LD (50 mg/kg/day) group, and BCNI+ALCAR-HD (100 mg/kg/day) group, whereas the remaining eight age-matched rats were sham-operated as controls. Fourteen days after intraperitoneal injection of ALCAR, erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial pressure. The penile tissues and CNs at the distal damage point were collected from each group of rats for subsequent histological and molecular biological analysis. Rat Schwann cell line S16 was used for CCK-8 and wound healing assay, and the expressions of SC markers Pmp22 and nerve growth factor (NGF) were verified by PCR.

Results
First, we found that the erectile function of rats in the BCNI model group was severely impaired, which was improved considerably in both BCNI+ALCAR-LD and BCNI+ALCAR-HD groups. Then, we observed that the penis was fibrotic after denervation in the BCNI group, which was manifested as decreased smooth muscle content and increased collagen content in the corpus cavernosum, and high expression of fibrosis indicators including TGF-beta, CTGF, and Smad 2/3. The above changes were alleviated after the administration of low and high-dose ALCAR. Meanwhile, our results also showed that after ALCAR treatment, the NO/cGMP pathway was promoted and the RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited in the corpus cavernosum of BCNI rats. Further, rats treated with ALCAR had high expression of ATF3 and S100 in the distal nerve tissues of the CN extrusion site, indicating the repairing effect of ALCAR on the CN. In vitro experiments showed that ALCAR promoted the proliferation and migration of SC, and increased the expression of Pmp22 and NGF.

Conclusions
ALCAR could boost CN repair and regeneration, thereby suppressing penile fibrosis and improving penile erection. ALCAR could inhibit penile fibrosis and improve penile erection by promoting proliferation and migration of SC and secretion of NGF to promote nerve repair and regeneration. Our study provides new insight into the therapeutic effect of ALCAR and preclinical evidence for a potential treatment strategy for NED.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
103 To Drain or Not to Drain an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Implantation? A Multi-Institutional Experience Tracking Scrotal Hematoma and Infection Occurrence
Authors: Osmonov D , Ragheb A , Romero-Otero JR , Bettocchi CB , van Renterghem K , Jünemann K , Wilson S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although the placement of a drain after inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation has become a current recommendation by many surgeons, some institutions still disagree believing drainage to be a potential source of infection.

Objectives
We hereby present our data to defy this belief and to add to the body of evidence supporting postoperative (PO) drainage. Furthermore, we attempt to define the optimal duration for drainage.

Methods
Our subjects underwent IPP implantation by three European high volume surgeons. All implantations were performed via the penoscrotal access using the Coloplast Titan Touch device. Only patients without a previous penile implantation were included. We divided our patients into 3 groups: Group 1: no-drain (n=60), Group 2: 24-hour drain (n=60) and Group 3: 72-hour drain (n=60). All patients received similar perioperative antibiotics accordingly to clinical guidelines. Surgical outcomes such as presence or absence of PO scrotal hematoma and infection were evaluated and compared between the 3 groups. We defined hematoma as a scrotal swelling correlated with evidence of scrotal free floating fluid on ultrasound examination. The ultrasound was done after 24 hours and on the 3rd and 10th PO days. Overall PO follow up was for 80 days.

Results
There were no significant differences in age, BMI, operative time, medical comorbidities among our study groups. The patients from Group 3 developed significantly less hematoma compared to Groups 1 and 2. The exact distribution of hematoma incidence was greatest in Group 1: n=12 (20%, p=0.005) followed by Group 2: n=8 (13.3%, p=0.05) and least in Group 3: n=1 (1.7%, p=0.002). Four patients in the no-drain group (6.7% p=0.005) developed IPP associated infection requiring device removal. All four had a hematoma prior to the infection. Groups 2 and 3 were infection-free.

Conclusion
Prolonged drainage up to 72 hours after virgin IPP implantation significantly reduces hematoma rates without the increased risk of drain-associated infections. Moreover, we believe that the development of a scrotal hematoma, by itself, may be a potential cause for surgical site infection.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no. A consultant, employee (part time or full time) or shareholder is among the authors (Coloplast).
110 Global Trends in Prevalence, Treatments, and Costs of Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Dysfunction in Men
Authors: Kohn T , Nguyen HMT , Rajanahally S , Hellstrom W , Hsieh T , Raheem O 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile prosthesis is a durable and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Even as other treatment options for ED have been brought to market, penile prosthetic surgery remains a mainstay for urologists treating ED. No systematic study has yet summarized the global trends in penile prosthetic surgery.

Objective
To systematically review studies of trends in penile prosthetic surgery to determine global movements in implantation rates, malleable vs inflatable prosthetic surgery, inpatient vs outpatient implantation surgery, the proportion of men with ED undergoing penile prosthetic surgery, and prosthetic cost.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for studies assessing trends in penile prosthetic surgeries and costs associated with penile prosthetic device and inclusive surgical costs.

Results
Twenty-seven studies were identified during the systematic review, comprising 447,204 penile prosthetic surgeries reported from 1988 to 2019. Trend analysis demonstrates that rates of penile prosthetic surgery dramatically declined in the late 1980s and early1990s but has demonstrated modest growth since the mid-2000s. Outpatient inflatable penile prosthetic surgery has strongly trended upward. Penile prostheses device costs have matched the rate of inflation, but inclusive surgical cost has radically outpaced inflation. Growth has mainly been seen in the United States, with a more modest global growth.

Conclusion
Penile prosthesis remains a viable option for the treatment of ED. Trends such as outpatient surgery and inflatable penile prosthesis placement may be driving the recent steady growth of penile prosthetic surgeries but surging inclusive surgical cost may present a barrier for some patients without insurance coverage.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
116 Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibition for Autoimmune Induced Chronic Prostatitis
Authors: Ohira S , Tone S , Nakatsuka T , Morinaka H , Takasaki H , Hirata K , Shimizu S , Nagai A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objectives
Evidence-based treatment for chronic prostatitis (CP) has not been established so far. Innovative therapy for CP is needed to establish evidence-based therapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway. IDO1 expression in prostate is higher than that of other organs. IDO1 is induced in various tissues during inflammatory disease. Furthermore, protective effect of IDO1 inhibition for inflammation was indicated in some reports. We hypothesize that IDO1 plays a central role for immunological reaction in CP. We investigated the relevance between IDO1 inhibition and CP using autoimmune induced CP model mice. This study was approved by the safety committee for DNA experiments and the animal research committee of our facility (Approval No.18-07 and 20-89).

Materials and Methods
Ten to twelve weeks old, IDO1 knock out (IDO1 KO) mice were used through the research. Same conditional wild type (WT) mice were set as control. Prostate gland extracted from Wister rat were used as prostate antigen (Pag) for mice. PAg 100µg / 100µl were injected into mice subcutaneously. After creating autoimmune induced CP model mice, inflammatory change in the prostate was investigated using histological, biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
Histological analysis showed suppressive effect of inflammatory cells infiltration and interstitial fibrosis were observed in IDO1 KO CP model mice compared with that of WT CP model mice. Proteomic analysis showed decreased effect of lymphocyte and monocyte related cytokines (CCL2, CCL3) and fibrosis related cytokine (TIMP-1) in IDO1 KO CP model mice compared with that of WT CP model mice. Same results were obtained from immunohistochemical analysis using immunofluorescent stain.

Conclusions
IDO1 is involved in chronic inflammation via cytokines/chemokines in the prostate. IDO1 inhibition contribute to suppressive effect of chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the prostate. Therefore, IDO1 inhibition might be a novel target therapy for chronic prostatitis.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
122 Defining Factors Predictive of Persistent Climacturia after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Martinez J Flores , Benfante N , Schofield E , Mulhall JP 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Climacturia (Cl) is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine around the time of orgasm. Cl is a common clinical condition after radical prostatectomy (RP). Cl is a barrier to sexual satisfaction. Rates as high as 60% have been reported with little data on the chronology of recovery.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the natural history of CI after RP.

Methods
Men who underwent RP and completed a proprietary sexual incontinence questionnaire at 12 and 24 months (±3 months) constituted the study sample. Pre or postop ADT or radiation therapy were exclusions. We assessed demographics, comorbidities, baseline testosterone (T), pre-RP prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason group, nerve sparing status (NSS), and the presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) post-RP. Primary end-point was Cl rate at 12 and 24 months post-RP. Predictors of Cl were analyzed using a series of logistic regression models. Factors entered into the model included age, diabetes, smoking history, baseline T, baseline PSA, Gleason score sum, and NSS score.

Results
Data on 152 men were analyzed. Mean age 61±8 years. 45% had hypertension, 60% hyperlipidemia, 10% had diabetes, 18% obstructive sleep apnea, 8% were current smoker, and 27% former smokers. Baseline T and PSA were 421±176 ng/dL and 7±6 ng/mL. The median Gleason score was 7, 82% of patients had bilateral NSS, 13% unilateral. Median NSS score was 3 (IQR 2, 4). Cl prevalence at 12 and 24 months post-surgery were 38% and 39%. No patient characteristics were associated with CI at either 12 or 24 months post-RP.

Conclusion
Cl is highly prevalent at 12 months post RP and when present at this juncture appears to be unlikely to recover.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
125 Characteristics of Testicular Atrophy During Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)
Authors: Suetomi T , Ichioka D , Iimura T , Kojo K , Ikeda A , Kimura T , Kawahara T , Hoshi A , Kandori S , Negoro H , Nishiyama H 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a common treatment for late-onset hypogonadism. In addition to adverse events such as polycythemia, it is reported that TRT may cause testicular atrophy due to decreased gonadotropin; however, there are no reported studies that have actually observed the degree of atrophy. We investigated changes in testicular size in patients undergoing TRT and examined the characteristics of testicular atrophy.

Subjects and Methods
Testicular size was measured before treatment and at 3 months, 6 months, and every 6 months after treatment up to 24 months in 121 patients undergoing TRT for more than 3 months. The size of each testicle was measured using a punched-out elliptical ring orchidometer, and the average testicular volume was calculated. Patients showing testicular atrophy at 3 months after the start of TRT were classified as the atrophy group, and cases with no change were classified as the unchanged group.

Results
The age of the subjects ranged from 38 to 81 (mean 53.7 years). Overall, testicular volume decreased over time, from a mean of 16.5 ml before treatment to 13.7 ml at 24 months, with atrophy becoming significant from 6 months. In the atrophy group (60 cases), the atrophic tendency persisted after 6 months, whereas in the unchanged group, no atrophic tendency was seen after 24 months. The background factors of the two groups were compared. Among age, baseline testicular volume, testosterone, and method of TRT administration (injection or ointment), the items that showed significant differences between the two groups were baseline testicular volume and method of administration. Testicular atrophy was more likely to occur in patients with larger baseline testicular size or those treated with injectable formulations.

Conclusion
For patients with large testicular volume or anxiety about testicular atrophy, it may be better to recommend TRT in ointment form rather than injectable formulations.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
167 Clinical Analysis on the Pharmaceutical Formulation of VIAGRA OD Film
Authors: Shimoyama H. , Sasaki H. , Ogushi Y. , Niikura A. , Ota T. , Ichimura Y. , Hshimoto Y. , Kurokawa I. , Sugishita H. , Tanifuji S. , Yamagishi M. , Imamura Y. , Ota M. , Ishikawa K. , Hayashi K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

VIAGRA was first placed on the Japanese market in 1999. Since then, PDE5 inhibitors, such as VIAGRA, have been widely used as the first alternative therapeutic medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). A new form of VIAGRA called VIAGRA OD Film was launched in the Japanese market on October 21st, 2016. OD film is taken orally without water and is fast dissolving. It is therefore expected to be easier to consume. Moreover, this medication is packaged in thin aluminum sheets to improve portability compared to the original tablets. For this study, we surveyed 25 patients to analyze the OD film formulation.
These patients desired ED treatment and used the VIAGRA OD Film. All the participants answered our survey. They were aged between 21 and 79. Thirteen patients switched from the tablets to the OD film and 12 patients only used the OD film.
The survey items included: 1) portability, 2) storage, 3) ease of consumption, 4) comfortableness, 5) level of self-consciousness with their partner, 6) thoughts on taking the film formulation, 7) comparison with the tablets, and 8) efficacy and adverse reaction.
We observed that 61.5% of the patients who switched from tablets to film found that storage and portability were improved. Additionally, 61.5% of the patients who switched from tablets to film and 75.0% of the patients who were prescribed film only were able to comfortably swallow them. We also found that 69.2% who switched from tablets to film and 75.0% who were prescribed film only felt more at ease using it and 61.5% who switched from tablets to film and 66.7% who were prescribed film only felt more comfortable with the film. Finally, 28.0% of the individuals stated a negative opinion on the ease of consuming the OD film. The efficacy of the film was the same as the tablets. We identified two cases of adverse reactions with mild hot flashes and headache but no severe adverse reaction.
This survey indicates that the ease of intake and portability was improved with OD film.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.