bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of reconstructed intestinal micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay in 3D human gut model for genotoxicity assessment of orally ingested substances
Authors: Lim Hui Kheng , Hughes Christopher Owen , Lim Michelle Jing Sin , Li Jia’En Jasmine , Rakshit Moumita , Yeo Calvin , Chng Kern Rei , Li Angela , Chan Joanne Sheot Harn , Ng Kee Woei , Leavesley David Ian , Smith Benjamin Paul Chapman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe micronucleus (MN) assay is widely used as part of a battery of tests applied to evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemicals, including new food additives and novel food ingredients. Micronucleus assays typically utilise homogenous in vitro cell lines which poorly recapitulate the physiology, biochemistry and genomic events in the gut, the site of first contact for ingested materials. Here we have adapted and validated the MN endpoint assay protocol for use with complex 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues; we have named this new protocol the reconstructed intestine micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay. Our data suggest the commercial 3D microtissues replicate the physiological, biochemical and genomic responses of native human small intestine to exogenous compounds. Tissues were shown to maintain log-phase proliferation throughout the period of exposure and expressed low background MN. Analysis using the RICyt assay protocol revealed the presence of diverse cell types and nuclear anomalies (cytome) in addition to MN, indicating evidence for comprehensive DNA damage and mode(s) of cell death reported by the assay. The assay correctly identified and discriminated direct-acting clastogen, aneugen and clastogen requiring exogenous metabolic activation, and a non-genotoxic chemical. We are confident that the genotoxic response in the 3D microtissues more closely resembles the native tissues due to the inherent tissue architecture, surface area, barrier effects and tissue matrix interactions. This proof-of-concept study highlights the RICyt MN cytome assay in 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues is a promising tool for applications in predictive toxicology.
Approximation types describing extensions of valuations to rational function fields
Authors: Kuhlmann F.-V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce the notion of approximation type for the partial, and in certain cases the total description of extensions of a given valuation from a field K to the rational function field K(x). To every extension, a unique approximation type of x over K is associated, while x may be the limit of many pseudo Cauchy sequences. Approximation types also provide information in cases where the extensions are not immediate, and we prove that they correspond bijectively to the extensions when K is algebraically closed or, more generally, lies dense in its algebraic closure with respect to the topology induced by the valuation.
The Hawking–Penrose Singularity Theorem for $$C^1$$-Lorentzian Metrics
Authors: Kunzinger Michael , Ohanyan Argam , Schinnerl Benedict , Steinbauer Roland 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe extend both the Hawking–Penrose theorem and its generalisation due to Galloway and Senovilla to Lorentzian metrics of regularity $$C^1$$

C
1

. For metrics of such low regularity, two main obstacles have to be addressed. On the one hand, the Ricci tensor now is distributional, and on the other hand, unique solvability of the geodesic equation is lost. To deal with the first issue in a consistent way, we develop a theory of tensor distributions of finite order, which also provides a framework for the recent proofs of the theorems of Hawking and of Penrose for $$C^1$$

C
1

-metrics (Graf in Commun Math Phys 378(2):1417–1450, 2020). For the second issue, we study geodesic branching and add a further alternative to causal geodesic incompleteness to the theorem, namely a condition of maximal causal non-branching. The genericity condition is re-cast in a distributional form that applies to the current reduced regularity while still being fully compatible with the smooth and $$C^{1,1}$$

C

1
,
1

-settings. In addition, we develop refinements of the comparison techniques used in the proof of the $$C^{1,1}$$

C

1
,
1

-version of the theorem (Graf in Commun Math Phys 360:1009–1042, 2018). The necessary results from low regularity causality theory are collected in an appendix.
Fighting ability and the toxicity of raiding pheromone in an obligate kleptoparasite, the stingless bee Lestrimelitta niitkib
Authors: James Chase C. , Sánchez Daniel , Cruz-López Leopoldo , Nieh James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The evolution of obligate kleptoparasitism, the theft of food, has led to remarkable innovations, including physical weapons and chemical signals that can evolve into chemical weapons. Stingless bees in the genus Lestrimelitta are excellent examples of this phenomenon because they are obligate kleptoparasites that no longer collect floral resources and instead steal brood resources from other bees. Their ability to raid successfully is thus essential to their fitness even when they fight species that are physically bigger, have larger defense forces, or both. We conducted morphometric analyses, quantified Lestrimelitta niitkib mandibular gland pheromone (MGP) components, and carried out individual fighting trials between L. niitkib and the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana, a common victim species, to shed light on the detailed reasons for their success at robbing. Measurements showed that L. niitkib mandibles have thicker exoskeleton cuticles and overall greater width, particularly in the medial and proximal sections, than S. mexicana, which is quite similar in body size. In all fights, L. niitkib bit victims and released MGP, as it does during raids. Scaptotrigona mexicana victims exhibited significantly increased uncoordinated behaviors and showed partial or complete paralysis. We analyzed and quantified the major components of MGP, which consisted of large quantities of geranial (mean of 253 μg) and neral (48 μg) per bee. Microinjections of 1 bee equivalent (BE) of natural or synthetic MGP and ≥ 0.1 BE of geranial significantly increased deleterious behaviors and paralysis as compared to control injections. We suggest that the large quantities of MGP used during raiding have led to an unexpected outcome, a semiochemical evolving the additional function of a toxin, and contribute to the ability of Lestrimelitta to rob its victims.

Significance statement
Kleptoparasites, organisms that steal food resources, employ multiple physical and chemical tools to survive. The success of kleptoparasitism requires a balance between honesty and coercion in interspecific communication. The genus Lestrimellita consists of a group of kleptoparasitic stingless bee species that raid other bee colonies for food and therefore depend upon winning these raids. However, why they succeed remains not fully understood. We studied differences in morphology between L. niitkib and its victims, the pheromones they release during raids, and ran individual fight trials between L. niitkib and a common victim to identify why they are successful. We suggest that the release of pheromones at the beginning of raids, in concert with the pheromone’s toxicity, has been combined to improve L. niitkib’s ability to successfully rob.
Impact on Patient’s Appearance Perception of Autologous and Implant Based Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy Using BREAST-Q
Authors: Persichetti Paolo , Barone Mauro , Salzillo Rosa , Cogliandro Annalisa , Brunetti Beniamino , Ciarrocchi Silvia , Alessandri Bonetti Mario , Tenna Stefania , Sorotos Michail , Santanelli Di Pompeo Fabio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a better quality of life with one of the two techniques and if the results are in line with those already present in the literature. The hypothesis from which we started is to demonstrate that cancer patients who undergo a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) breast reconstruction surgery are more satisfied and have a higher level of quality of life compared to those subjected to an intervention of reconstruction with prosthesis.

Materials and Methods
All patients undergoing reconstruction from January 2010 to July 2018 were eligible for inclusion. This is a retrospective cohort study carried out using the patients of two plastic surgery departments who have undergone monolateral or bilateral implant-based or DIEP flap breast reconstruction. We administered BREAST-Q questionnaire electronically almost 2 year after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction with DIEP flaps. Baseline demographics and patient characteristics were analyzed using a Students t-test (continuous variables) or Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables). Mean standard deviation BREAST-Q scores were reported for the overall cohort and by modality for the postoperative period. The linear regression model was applied to all BREAST-Q score with all predictor factors.

Results
Of the 1125 patients involved, only 325 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study; specifically, 133 (41%) DIEP and 192 (59%) prosthetic reconstructions. We summarized the results of the principal scales of BREAST-Q module: satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, satisfaction with outcome, and sexual well-being in which the autologous group was always more satisfied. We reported results of all linear regression models with higher values for the DIEP group independently from predictors.

Conclusion
This is the first study performed on the Italian population that compares autologous surgical techniques with the implantation of breast implants. In this population, DIEP is considered the technique that leads to the highest satisfaction in all BREAST-Q scores.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Toupet Fundoplication
Authors: Alimi Yewande R. , Esquivel Micaela M. , Hawn Mary T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEsophageal achalasia is a primary motility disorder of unknown origin. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the resistance caused by a non‐relaxing lower esophageal sphincter, therefore allowing passage of food and liquid from the esophagus into the stomach. A myotomy with a partial fundoplication (anterior Dor or posterior Toupet) is considered the standard of care for patients with achalasia. In the following review, we describe the indications and technique for a posterior partial fundoplication (Toupet).
Acute pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty does not affect chronic pain during the first postoperative year: observational cohort study of 389 patients
Authors: Latijnhouwers D. A. J. M. , Martini C. H. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , Verdegaal S. H. M. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Gademan M. G. J. ,   the Longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of Osteoarthritis Study (LOAS) Group, van der Linden H. M. J. , Kaptein B. L. , Damen P. J. , Kaptijn H. H. , Vehmeijer S. B. W. , Marijnissen W. C. M. , Onstenk R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronic pain is frequently reported after total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA/TKA) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We investigated if severity of acute postoperative pain following THA/TKA in OA patients was associated with pain during the first postoperative year. From an observational study, OA patients scheduled for primary THA/TKA (June 2012–December 2017) were included from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Acute postoperative pain scores were collected within 72 h postoperatively and categorized as no/mild (NRS ≤ 4) or moderate/severe (NRS > 4). Pain was assessed preoperatively, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively using the HOOS/KOOS subscale pain. With Multilevel Mixed-effects-analyses, we estimated associations between acute and chronic pain until one year postoperative, adjusted for confounders and including an interaction term (Time*Acute pain). 193 THA and 196 TKA patients were included, 29% of THA and 51% of TKA patients reported moderate/severe pain acutely after surgery. In the THA group, the difference in pain at 3 months between the no/mild and moderate/severe groups, was approximately six points, in favor of the no/mild group (95% CI [−12.4 to 0.9]) this difference became smaller over time. In the TKA group we found similar differences, with approximately four points (95% CI [−9.6 to 1.3]) difference between the no/mild and moderate/severe group at 6 months, this difference attenuated at 12 months. No association between severity of acute postoperative pain and pain during the first postoperative year was found. These findings suggest that measures to limit acute postoperative pain will likely not impact development of chronic pain.
Maximal Convergence and Interpolation on Unconnected Sets
Authors: Blatt Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA theorem of Grothmann states that interpolating polynomials to a holomorphic function on a compact set E is maximally convergent to f only if a subsequence of the interpolation points converges to the equilibrium distribution of E in the weak* sense. Grothmann’s proof applies only for connected sets E. The objective of this paper is to provide a new necessary condition for maximal convergence which is the crucial tool to prove Grothmann’s theorem for unconnected sets E.
Patient satisfaction, joint stability and return to sports following simple elbow dislocations: surgical versus non-surgical treatment
Authors: Geyer Stephanie , Lacheta Lucca , Seilern und Aspang Jesse , Willinger Lukas , Lutz Patricia M. , Lappen Sebastian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Siebenlist Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
While conservative management is commonly promoted for simple elbow dislocations, the importance of primary surgical treatment in these injuries is still undetermined. The objective of this study was to report patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), return to sports (RTS) and joint stability using ultrasound in patients following conservative or surgical treatment after simple elbow dislocation.

Methods
Patients with a minimum follow-up of 24 months after conservative (CT) or surgical treatment (ST) following simple elbow dislocation were included in this retrospective study. To evaluate patients’ postoperative outcome and satisfaction, the Elbow Self-Assessment Score (ESAS) was used, and validated scores such as the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), the Quick Disability of Arm and Shoulder Score (Quick-DASH) and RTS were assessed. For objective assessment of residual joint instability, a standardized clinical examination as well as a dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the affected and the contralateral elbow was performed.

Results
Forty-four patients (26 women, 18 men) with an average age of 41.5 ± 15.3 years were available for follow-up survey (65.5 ± 30.4 months; range 26–123). 21 patients were treated conservatively and twenty-three patients received surgical treatment. CT and ST resulted in similar outcome with regard to ROM, ESAS (CT: 99.4 ± 1.5; ST: 99.8 ± 0.3), MEPS (CT: 97.3 ± 6.8 points; ST: 98.7 ± 3.3) and Quick-DASH (CT: 7.8 ± 10.4; ST: 6.3 ± 7.9) (n.s.). There was no difference in elbow stability and laxity measured by ultrasound between the study groups and compared to the healthy elbow (n.s.). Two patients of the CT group (10%) complained about persistent subjective elbow instability. RTS was faster after surgical compared to conservative treatment (p = 0.036).

Conclusion
Both, conservative and surgical treatment results in high patient satisfaction and good-to-excellent functional outcome after simple elbow dislocation. Even though ultrasound evaluation showed no significant differences in joint gapping between groups, 10% of conservatively treated patients complained about severe subjective instability. Surgically treated patients returned faster to their preoperatively performed sports. Thus, primary surgical treatment may be beneficial for high demanding patients.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic study, Level III.
Retinometer predicts visual outcome in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Wald Caroline Sophie , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Rehak Matus , Girbardt Christian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To analyze the preoperative predictive value of retinometer visual acuity (VA) in eyes following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods
Patients undergoing DMEK between August 2011 and July 2020 were included. Preoperative interference visual acuity was assessed using Heine Lambda 100 Retinometer. Depending on the presence or absence of concomitant ocular disease, the Retinometer was evaluated for its ability to preoperatively predict best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) six months after surgery using correlation, simple and multiple linear regression, contingency analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Preoperative corneal backscatter was correlated with Retinometer prediction accuracy.

Results
A total of 198 eyes were included in the analysis. There was a significant correlation between Retinometer VA and postoperative BCVA (r = 0.647, P < 0.001). Regardless of the presence or absence of concomitant ocular disease and the surgery procedure (DMEK & triple DMEK), Retinometer VA was the most significant predictor of postoperative BCVA (P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed reliable diagnostic performance of the Retinometer (AUC = 0.829, P < 0.001). A Retinometer VA ≥ 0.5 accurately predicted a postoperative BCVA ≥ 0.5 in 91% of cases. No association was found between corneal backscatter and prediction accuracy (P = 0.566).

Conclusions
Retinometer VA can be used for preoperative prediction of postoperative BCVA in DMEK and triple DMEK patients, independent of increased backscatter values and the presence or absence of concomitant ocular disease. By using this simple but effective tool, indication for DMEK can be facilitated and postoperative outcomes can be realistically predicted preoperatively.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor localizes at the blood–bile barrier in humans and pigs
Authors: Pryymachuk Galyna , El-Awaad Ehab , Piekarek Nadin , Drebber Uta , Maul Alexandra C. , Hescheler Juergen , Wodarz Andreas , Pfitzer Gabriele , Neiss Wolfram F. , Pietsch Markus , Schroeter Mechthild M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimal models and clinical studies suggest an influence of angiotensin II (AngII) on the pathogenesis of liver diseases via the renin–angiotensin system. AngII application increases portal blood pressure, reduces bile flow, and increases permeability of liver tight junctions. Establishing the subcellular localization of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), the main AngII receptor, helps to understand the effects of AngII on the liver. We localized AT1R in situ in human and porcine liver and porcine gallbladder by immunohistochemistry. In order to do so, we characterized commercial anti-AT1R antibodies regarding their capability to recognize heterologous human AT1R in immunocytochemistry and on western blots, and to detect AT1R using overlap studies and AT1R-specific blocking peptides. In hepatocytes and canals of Hering, AT1R displayed a tram-track-like distribution, while in cholangiocytes AT1R appeared in a honeycomb-like pattern; i.e., in liver epithelia, AT1R showed an equivalent distribution to that in the apical junctional network, which seals bile canaliculi and bile ducts along the blood–bile barrier. In intrahepatic blood vessels, AT1R was most prominent in the tunica media. We confirmed AT1R localization in situ to the plasma membrane domain, particularly between tight and adherens junctions in both human and porcine hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and gallbladder epithelial cells using different anti-AT1R antibodies. Localization of AT1R at the junctional complex could explain previously reported AngII effects and predestines AT1R as a transmitter of tight junction permeability.
A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise
Authors: Ferretti Guido , Fagoni Nazzareno , Taboni Anna , Vinetti Giovanni , di Prampero Pietro Enrico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof’s theory of the energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition wherein coupling of respiration to metabolism is most perfect. The quantitative relationships show that the homeostatic equilibrium, centred around arterial pH of 7.4 and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure of 40 mmHg, is attained when the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide flow ($${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$V˙A/V˙RCO2) is − 21.6. Several combinations, exploited during exercise, of pertinent respiratory variables are compatible with this equilibrium, allowing adjustment of oxygen flow to oxygen demand without its alteration. During exercise transients, the balance is broken, but the coupling of respiration to metabolism is preserved when, as during moderate exercise, the respiratory system responds faster than the metabolic pathways. At higher exercise intensities, early blood lactate accumulation suggests that the coupling of respiration to metabolism is transiently broken, to be re-established when, at steady state, blood lactate stabilizes at higher levels than resting. In the severe exercise domain, coupling cannot be re-established, so that anaerobic lactic metabolism also contributes to sustain energy demand, lactate concentration goes up and arterial pH falls continuously. The$${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$V˙A/V˙RCO2decreases below − 21.6, because of ensuing hyperventilation, while lactate keeps being accumulated, so that exercise is rapidly interrupted. The most extreme rupture of the homeostatic equilibrium occurs during breath-holding, because oxygen flow from ambient air to mitochondria is interrupted. No coupling at all is possible between respiration and metabolism in this case.
Solidarity, support and acceptance: a celebration of the person, not the disease
Authors: Page Tamara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSt Andrew’s Hospital provides care for more than 700 patients diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Each person’s experience is individual, but created by their interactions with the healthcare providers from diagnosis through to treatment. The ability of St Andrew’s Hospital to deliver this care and create the best possible outcomes is crucial to each person’s recovery. Those affected by breast cancer and having undergone treatment at St Andrew’s Hospital are invited to an annual luncheon where guest speakers provide powerful presentations that align with each person’s personal journey post-treatment, providing them the ability to reflect on what bought them here, and how to plan moving forward. A number of exhibitors offering both free and for purchase items or services are available for people to look at, book into or purchase. The highlight of the day is the lingerie fashion parade where women gather the courage to display custom-made lingerie and swimwear, enabling women post-mastectomy to celebrate themselves and not the disease.