Status Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan yang Diperdagangkan di Pasar Ikan Tradisional di Bali
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Giri , Faiqoh Elok , Wiratama I Gusti Ngurah Made 
Published: June 2022

The high demand for fish for local consumption and export has led to overfishing and increased the trade of fish that are prohibited by law and international agreements. Therefore, this study aims to calculate species diversity and determine the conservation status of fish traded in traditional fish markets in Bali. Field sampling was carried out at fish markets located in Badung, Buleleng, Karangasem, and Jembrana. Samples are identified to the lowest taxa level that can be determined, based on morphological characters. Diversity parameters such as the Shannon diversity index (H), Simpson (Simp), Fisher Alpha, Species richness (S) and Pielou's evenness (J) were calculated using the Rstudio while the determination of conservation status refers to the IUCN Red List. The number of fish samples collected was 69 individuals from 23 families. Of the total 69 individuals, 61 individuals were successfully identified to species level, while the rest of it were identified to the genus level. The results showed that the family of Labridae/wrasses has the highest number of species (9 species) followed by Clupeidae and Scombridae (7 species each). The result of diversity indices showed that the Kedonganan fish market (Badung) has the highest diversity. Evaluation of the conservation status of traded fish showed that 80% of the traded fish species are still in LC (Least Concern) status, although one species identified as bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, is known to have VU (Vulnerable) status. Tingginya permintaan ikan untuk konsumsi lokal maupun ekspor menyebabkan terjadinya overfishing dan meningkatkan perdagangan ikan-ikan yang dilarang oleh undang-undang maupun kesepakatan internasional. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung keanekaragaman jenis dan menentukan status konservasi ikan yang diperdagangkan di pasar ikan tradisional di Bali. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di pasar ikan yang terletak di kabupaten Badung, Buleleng, Karangasem, dan Jembrana. Sampel diidentifikasi sampai pada level taksa terendah yang bisa ditentukan, berdasarkan pada karakter morfologi. Parameter keanekaragaman seperti indeks keanekaragaman Shannon (H), Simpson (Simp), Fisher Alpha, Species richness (S) dan Pielou’s evenness (J) dihitung dengan Rstudio sedangkan penentuan status konservasi mengacu pada IUCN RedList. Jumlah sampel ikan yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 69 individu dari 23 famili. Dari total 69 individu, 61 individu berhasil diidentifikasi sampai pada level spesies sedangkan sisanya sampai level genus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Famili Labridae/wrasses memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak (9 spesies) disusul oleh Clupeidae dan Scombridae (masing-masing 7 spesies). Hasil analisis keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa pasar ikan Kedonganan (Badung) memiliki keanekaragaman tertinggi. Evaluasi terhadap status konservasi ikan yang diperdagangkan menunjukkan bahwa 80% jenis ikan yang diperdagangkan masih dalam status LC (Least Concern) meskipun ditemukan juga satu spesies yaitu tuna mata besar, Thunnus obesus yang diketahui dalam status VU (Vulnerable).