bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mini-review of bio-scrubber derived from bacterial cellulose impregnated by flavonoid of moringa leaves
Authors: Sa’adah A N , Milyawan G N A , Nadya T , Silviana S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scrubber is widely used in various products, such as cosmetics, facial cleansers, and soaps. The use of scrubber releasing 209.7 trillion microplastics would harm the environment due to lack of process in treatment facilities. Efforts to substitute plastic-based scrubbers with more environmentally friendly materials need to be made. In previous studies, substitution scrubber with grape seeds has been done but has a low viscosity. This problem may be solved by using bacterial cellulose (BC) in the manufacture of bio-scrubbers. Several methods are currently being investigated to produce bacterial cellulose microparticles, such as mechanical methods using high-pressure homogenizer (HPH), acid hydrolysis, microbial hydrolysis, hydrogel fiber cultivation, microfluidic process, and ultrasonication. This review recommends the manufacture of bacterial cellulose microparticles by ultrasonication method. The recommendation is based on the literature study that has been carried out. The ultrasonication method has more advantages than other methods. It does not use solvents that pollute the environment and increasing the number of bacterial cellulose microparticles. The synthesis of bio-scrubber from bacterial cellulose ends with the drying process of bacterial cellulose microparticles. This review recommends the ambient pressure drying method. The ambient pressure drying method can produce bio-scrubber with high crystallinity, high mechanical properties, and transparency.
Studies on the curing, tensile and adhesion characteristics of cushion gum to carcass in truck retreaded tires: the effect natural rubber types
Authors: Rahmaniar  , Susanto T , Marlina P , Prasetya H A , Purbaya M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the quality of truck retreaded tyres, the cushion gum (CG) plays an important role as an adhesion medium to bond the carcass of the new tread to the worn old tyre. This study investigates the effect of natural rubber types such as reclaimed skimmed latex (RSL), ribbed smoke sheet (RSS), chloroprene (CR) and RSS added 10 phr of carbon black (CB) towards its CG performance in cold cure systems. The CG was compounded based on ASTM D3182 with 10 phr of Cumaroun Resin, 5 phr of Calcium Silicate, and other chemicals. The 4 types of CG were tested its physical and tensile properties. To determine the curing time, the rheological was analysed. The results show that the addition of carbon black may improve physical and tensile properties, excluding the elongation at break. It is found that the curing time of cushion gum based on SL rubber has the shortest duration. Each CG was applied to retreat the same type of truck’s worn tyres (1000R20). After surface modification, 5 mm of CG was bonded new same carcass the old surface and continued by heating in the autoclave chamber for 3 hours with pressure at 2 atm. The results show that the adhesion strength of cushion gum based on RSL; RSS; CR; RSS/CB is as follows: 13.64; 8.21; 8.04; 8.01 kN/m respectively, while the adhesion strength of commercial cushion gum is 15,38 kN/m. The spectra FTIR of each cushion gum convince that the less dispersion matrix compared to commercial cushion gum. To sum up, the RSL-NR is the recommended polymer for cushion gum compounding. However, in order to improve its quality, it is suggested to do some pre-treatment and increase the number of tackifier and processing oil in the formulation
Evaluation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production in thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)
Authors: Sanjaya A , Mondylaksita K , Millati R , Budhijanto W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Palm oil is one of the leading global commodities, and Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. One of the solid wastes generated from oil palm industrial activities is oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). The annual accumulation of OPEFB in Indonesia is 126,317.54 tons/year, and it increases with increasing palm oil production. The cellulosic content of OPEFB is a potential substrate for anaerobic digestion to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). This study used chemical pretreatment (NaOH 8% w/V) for OPEFB delignification before the anaerobic digestion for VFAs production. Digested cow manure (DCM) was used as the inoculum. Process optimization of producing VFAs is challenging because VFAs act as intermediate products in the metabolic pathway of anaerobic digestion. In general, the temperature can affect the activity of hydrolytic and acidogenic facultative microorganisms. It increases the hydrolysis rate of organic polymers to more soluble forms and improves the performance of anaerobic reactors for the formation of VFAs. This study examines the effect of temperature on the anaerobic digestion process of OPEFB for VFAs production in a batch reactor. The temperature varied in mesophilic (29 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. This study showed that anaerobic digestion in the thermophilic conditions produces almost thrice VFAs compared to the mesophilic process. The highest accumulation of VFAs in both reactors occurred on the seventh day, i.e., 3311.57 ± 89 mg.L−1 at ORP -163 ± 16 mV in the thermophilic reactor and 1307 ± 42 mg.L−1 at ORP -224 ± 32 mV in the mesophilic reactor. Acetic acid was the dominant VFA in each reactor. The VFA production in thermophilic reactor (RT) reached 59% of the stoichiometric potential. Although the thermophilic condition improves the VFA yield compared to the mesophilic condition, further study is still needed to increase the VFA production from OPEFB.
Subsurface flow constructed wetland model for phytoremediation of chromium from tannery wastewater using Echinodorus palaefolius
Authors: Prasakti L , Melyta D , Sarto  , Prasetya A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the leather tanning process or tannery, Cr solution is usually used to modify leather properties. This results in Cr containing wastewater, which becomes a crucial issue. One promising method for removing Cr from tannery wastewater is by using subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSF-CW). A combination of adsorption and phytoremediation that occurs in the SSF-CW removes Cr from wastewater. In this research, the effect of vegetation and media on Cr removal was investigated. Echinodorus palaefolius was used as a phytoremediation agent, while wood charcoal and natural zeolite were used as media. The experiment was conducted in 4-different SSF-CW reactor configurations, namely CTT (wood charcoal-zeolite; no plant), CDT (wood charcoal-zeolite; with plant), ZDT (zeolite; with plant) and ADT (wood charcoal; with plant). Each reactor was filled with 70 L Cr contained water that was recirculated within the reactor for 15 days. Evidence revealed that Echinodorus palaefolius significantly increases the removal of Cr from wastewater, compared to that of without those plants (wood charcoal-zeolite medium only). Using an initial concentration of Cr of 2.05 mg/L, removal percentage is 63.7, 86.83, 70.37, and 83.05% for CTT, ZDT, ADT, and CDT, respectively. It is also found that zeolite media performed much better than charcoal. A combination of zeolite medium and Echinodorus palaefolius (ZDT) produced the highest Cr removal. In addition to that, despite its Cr intoxication indication, the Echinodorus palaefolius was able to grow/regenerate during the experiment.
Stress state of hydrotechnical facilities resistant to natural disasters
Authors: Nikolaev A P , Gureeva N A , Yushkin V N , Marchenko S S , Kiseleva R Z , Fomin S D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The equations of the theory of the stress-strain state of an elastic body for practical engineering structures of the agro-industrial complex do not have analytical solutions. Therefore, the development of numerical methods for determining the strength parameters of agricultural facilities is an urgent task. Among the numerical methods of strength calculations, the finite element method is currently widely used. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a finite element of a hexahedral shape is used to determine the stress-strain state of an elastic body under bulk loading in two formulations: in the formulation of the method of displacements with nodal unknowns in the form of displacements and their derivatives, and in a mixed formulation with nodal unknowns in the form of displacements and stresses. Approximation of displacements through nodal unknowns in obtaining the finite element stiffness matrix was performed using a form function, the elements of which were Hermite polynomials of the third degree. When obtaining the deformation matrix, displacements and stresses of the internal points of the finite element were approximated in terms of nodal unknowns using bilinear functions. The calculation example shows a significant advantage of using a finite element in a mixed formulation.
Improving the environmental safety of dairy products
Authors: Yu Kontareva V , Belik S N , Morgul E V , Kryuchkova V V , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina A A , Mosolova N I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The authors studied the influence of prebiotic components on the biological value of enriched yogurt. Yogurt was produced by fermenting pasteurized normalized milk with yogurt starter containing freeze-dehydrated strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and lactose with the addition of a prebiotic complex containing an inactivated yeast culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dietary fibers, vitamins, amino acids, macro- and microelements. The prebiotic complex was introduced at the stage of fermentation of the mixture, at a concentration of 1%, previously dissolved in milk at 38…42 °C. The amino acid content was determined; the aminoacid score, the utility of the aminoacid composition and the utility coefficient were calculated. It was established that the biological value of proteins of yogurt is characterized by their high content, balance of four essential aminoacids and presence of three limiting aminoacids. Enrichment of yogurt with a prebiotic complex slightly increased its biological value and the ability to absorb essential aminoacids. Therefore, it is impractical to use this component to increase the biological value of the protein of traditional products. The main function of the prebiotic component of the studied yogurt is to stabilize the intestinal microflora, which determines its functional significance.
Milk productivity and quality depending on the composition of the diet
Authors: Varakin A T , Ryadnov A A , Stepurina M A , Vorontsova E S , Datchenko O O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effect of using wet feed wheat grain harvested with sodium acetate in the diets of lactating cows instead of dried grain on milk productivity and milk quality. The content of crude protein in wheat grain at the natural humidity of the experimental variant was significantly higher than in the grain storage of the control variant prepared by the traditional method of canning - fire drying. The data of the experiment on lactating cows indicated that the inclusion of wet flattened wheat grain with sodium acetate in the diet instead of dried flattened grain had a positive effect on the dairy productivity of cows and milk quality. In comparison with the control group, the advantage of cows of the experimental group in terms of the average daily milk yield was 7.8%, and in terms of fat content by 0.21% and protein by 0.04%. The consumption of energy feed units per 1 kg of natural milk in the control group of cows was 1.02 and in the experimental group - 0.95 and the tested grain fodder – 290 and 269 g. The economic efficiency of milk production in the experimental group increased by 14.5%.
Using protein concentrate in livestock and poultry diets for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Nikolaev S I , Imangaliev A D , Batrakova Yu M , Shkalenko V V , Ryabova M A , Morozova E A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the main results of the experiment on the use of high-protein concentrate “Gorlinka” in the diets of dairy cows and laying hens on their productive qualities. It was found that in terms of the main indicators of nutritional value (protein, fat, nitrogen-free extractives, ash elements), as well as in terms of amino acid composition and mineral substances, the studied concentrate surpasses the traditionally used in feeding farm animals and birds, oil cake and meal from sunflower seeds. The results of studies have shown that the groups of animals that received protein concentrate with the diet were in the lead. The use of protein concentrate “Gorlinka” in the feeding of dairy cows and laying hens increased the average daily milk yields of cows by 5.47-7.12%. There were also positive changes in the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.03-0.04%, in dry matter by 0.04-0.09%, in the number of eggs laid by laying hens by 216-822 pieces, in the average egg weight by 0.77-1.66 g. Thus, the use of protein concentrate “Gorlinka” in feeding dairy cows and laying hens had a positive effect on the quality of the products (milk and edible eggs), while economic indicators improved.
The use of thin-walled structures for the sustainable development of agro-industrial systems and facilities
Authors: Klochkov Yu V , Nikolaev A P , Ishchanov T R , Sh Dzhabrailov A , Andreev A S , Yu Klochkov M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The issues of optimal use of strength resources of materials from which elements of thin-walled objects of the agro-industrial complex are made for the purpose of sustainable development of agricultural production are currently coming to the fore. In this regard, the development of modern algorithms for the numerical analysis of the processes of physically nonlinear deformation of thin-walled objects of agro-industrial complex of various sizes and shapes is becoming a rather urgent topic. The article proposes an algorithm for the finite element analysis of physically nonlinear deformation of thin-walled objects of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the transverse shear, based on the hypotheses of the theory of plastic flow The element of discretization of the thin-walled object of the agricultural and industrial complex was a four-node fragment of its middle surface. The stiffness matrix of this sampling unit was obtained in the process of minimizing the Lagrange functional with respect to the sought nodal parameters, which were the components of the step vector of displacement and their first-order partial derivatives, as well as the components of the step vector of the angles of rotation of the normal.
Modeling potato yield statistics by using information technology for sustainable development
Authors: Darmanyan A P , Bogdanov S I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The potato yield statistics analysis and modeling in the Russian Federation according to the Federal State Statistics Service data for the period 2000-2020 was carried out. Based on the analysis of the autocorrelation function (Acf) as a mathematical model for modeling potato yield, the choice of a linear autoregressive model of the first order is justified. By using the multiple regression and correlation analysis methods, the parameters of the model were found, their statistical significance was proved, and the potato yield calculations proved the found model correspondence to real data for the period of 2002-2020.
Personalized 3D-printed anthropomorphic whole-body phantom irradiated by protons, photons, and neutrons
Authors: Tillery Hunter , Moore Meagan , Gallagher Kyle J , Taddei Phillip J , Leuro Erick , Argento David , Moffitt Gregory , Kranz Marissa , Carey Margaret , Heymsfield Steven B , Newhauser Wayne D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to confirm the feasibility of three-dimensionally-printed (3D-printed), personalized whole-body anthropomorphic phantoms for radiation dose measurements in a variety of charged and uncharged particle radiation fields. We 3D-printed a personalized whole-body phantom of an adult female with a height of 154.8 cm, mass of 90.7 kg, and body mass index of 37.8 kg/m2. The phantom comprised of a hollow plastic shell filled with water and included a watertight access conduit for positioning dosimeters. It is compatible with a wide variety of radiation dosimeters, including ionization chambers that are suitable for uncharged and charged particles. Its mass was 6.8 kg empty and 98 kg when filled with water. Watertightness and mechanical robustness were confirmed after multiple experiments and transportations between institutions. The phantom was irradiated to the cranium with therapeutic beams of 170-MeV protons, 6-MV photons, and fast neutrons. Radiation absorbed dose was measured from the cranium to the pelvis along the longitudinal central axis of the phantom. The dose measurements were made using established dosimetry protocols and well-characterized instruments. For the therapeutic environments considered in this study, stray radiation from intracranial treatment beams was the lowest for proton therapy, intermediate for photon therapy, and highest for neutron therapy. An illustrative example set of measurements at the location of the thyroid for a square field of 5.3 cm per side resulted in 0.09, 0.59, and 1.93 cGy/Gy from proton, photon, and neutron beams, respectively. In this study, we found that 3D-printed personalized phantoms are feasible, inherently reproducible, and well-suited for therapeutic radiation measurements. The measurement methodologies we developed enabled the direct comparison of radiation exposures from neutron, proton, and photon beam irradiations.
Piezoresistive 3D graphene–PDMS spongy pressure sensors for IoT enabled wearables and smart products
Authors: Sengupta Debarun , Kamat Amar M , Smit Quinten , Jayawardhana Bayu , Kottapalli Ajay Giri Prakash 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, 3D porous graphene–polymer composite-based piezoresistive sensors have gained significant traction in the field of flexible electronics owing to their ultralightweight nature, high compressability, robustness, and excellent electromechanical properties. In this work, we present an improved facile recipe for developing repeatable, reliable, and linear 3D graphene–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spongy sensors for internet of things (IoT)-enabled wearable systems and smart consumer products. Fundamental morphological characterization and sensing performance assessment of the piezoresistive 3D graphene–polymer sensor were conducted to establish its suitability for the development of squeezable, flexible, and skin-mountable human motion sensors. The density and porosity of the sponges were determined to be 250 mg cm−3 and 74% respectively. Mechanical compressive loading tests conducted on the sensors revealed an average elastic modulus as low as ∼56.7 kPa. Dynamic compressive force-resistance change response tests conducted on four identical sensors revealed a linear piezoresistive response (in the compressive load range 0.42–2.18 N) with an average force sensitivity of 0.3470 ± 0.0794 N−1. In addition, an accelerated lifetime test comprising 1500 compressive loading cycles (at 3.90 N uniaxial compressive loading) was conducted to demonstrate the long-term reliability and stability of the sensor. To test the applicability of the sensors in smart wearables, four identical graphene–PDMS sponges were configured on the fingertip regions of a soft nitrile glove to develop a pressure sensing smart glove for real-time haptic pressure monitoring. Similarly, the sensors were also integrated into the Philips 9000 series electric shaver to realize smart shaving applications with the ability to monitor shaving motions. Furthermore, the readiness of our system for next-generation IoT-enabled applications was demonstrated by integrating the smart glove with an embedded system software utilizing the an open source microcontroller platform. The system was capable of identifying real-time qualitative pressure distribution across the fingertips while grasping daily life objects, thus establishing the suitability of such sensors for next-generation wearables for prosthetics, consumer devices, and personalized healthcare monitoring devices.
BenchML: an extensible pipelining framework for benchmarking representations of materials and molecules at scale
Authors: Poelking Carl , Faber Felix A , Cheng Bingqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We introduce a machine-learning (ML) framework for high-throughput benchmarking of diverse representations of chemical systems against datasets of materials and molecules. The guiding principle underlying the benchmarking approach is to evaluate raw descriptor performance by limiting model complexity to simple regression schemes while enforcing best ML practices, allowing for unbiased hyperparameter optimization, and assessing learning progress through learning curves along series of synchronized train-test splits. The resulting models are intended as baselines that can inform future method development, in addition to indicating how easily a given dataset can be learnt. Through a comparative analysis of the training outcome across a diverse set of physicochemical, topological and geometric representations, we glean insight into the relative merits of these representations as well as their interrelatedness.
Graph neural network-based resource allocation strategies for multi-object spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Tianshu , Melchior Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Resource allocation problems are often approached with linear programming techniques. But many concrete allocation problems in the experimental and observational sciences cannot or should not be expressed in the form of linear objective functions. Even if the objective is linear, its parameters may not be known beforehand because they depend on the results of the experiment for which the allocation is to be determined. To address these challenges, we present a bipartite graph neural network (GNN) architecture for trainable resource allocation strategies. Items of value and constraints form the two sets of graph nodes, which are connected by edges corresponding to possible allocations. The GNN is trained on simulations or past problem occurrences to maximize any user-supplied, scientifically motivated objective function, augmented by an infeasibility penalty. The amount of feasibility violation can be tuned in relation to any available slack in the system. We apply this method to optimize the astronomical target selection strategy for the highly multiplexed Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph instrument, where it shows superior results to direct gradient descent optimization and extends the capabilities of the currently employed solver which uses linear objective functions. The development of this method enables fast adjustment and deployment of allocation strategies, statistical analyses of allocation patterns, and fully differentiable, science-driven solutions for resource allocation problems.