bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures
Authors: Fattahi Ehsan , Taheri Shahed , Schilling Arndt F. , Becker Thomas , Pörtner Ralf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTechniques for tissue culture have seen significant advances during the last decades and novel 3D cell culture systems have become available. To control their high complexity, experimental techniques and their Digital Twins (modelling and computational tools) are combined to link different variables to process conditions and critical process parameters. This allows a rapid evaluation of the expected product quality. However, the use of mathematical simulation and Digital Twins is critically dependent on the precise description of the problem and correct input parameters. Errors here can lead to dramatically wrong conclusions. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and remaining challenges with respect to generating input values for computational analysis of mass and momentum transport processes within tissue cultures. It gives an overview on relevant aspects of transport processes in tissue cultures as well as modelling and computational tools to tackle these problems. Further focus is on techniques used for the determination of cell‐specific parameters and characterization of culture systems, including sensors for on‐line determination of relevant parameters. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques are well‐established, and modelling tools are technically mature. New sensor technologies are on the way, especially for organ chips. The greatest remaining challenge seems to be the proper addressing and handling of input parameters required for mathematical models. Following Good Modelling Practice approaches when setting up and validating computational models is, therefore, essential to get to better estimations of the interesting complex processes inside organotypic tissue cultures in the future.
Block copolymer binders with hard and soft segments for scalable fabrication of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted much attention owing to their superior safety and potentially high‐energy density. Nevertheless, sulfide‐based ASSBs suffer from limited performance in terms of their cycle life and rate capability, which is closely related to interfacial degradation during cycling. Another weakness is the absence of manufacturing protocols. Having noted that the binder can play a pivotal role in both the cell performance and scale‐up, here, we report poly(1,2‐butadiene)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBD‐b‐PMMA) block copolymers as the binders. At the optimal ratio, the soft PBD segments and hard PMMA segments work synergistically to strengthen adhesion among particles in the electrode and introduce elasticity in the binder network, enabling the key battery performance indicators to be improved markedly. The systematic study also reveals the importance of the microscopic distributions of these two segments. This study signifies the appropriate combination of adhesion and elasticity in designing binders for sulfide‐based ASSBs.
Spectrum–effect relationship between ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and antioxidant activities of Lophatherum gracile Brongn
Authors: Liu Xiaokang , Wang Yang , Ge Wei , Cai Guangzhi , Guo Yunlong , Gong Jiyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLophatherum gracile Brongn. is a medicinal and edible plant resource as well as a natural additive in the functional food market. To better understand its characteristics and efficacy, a method combining chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activity was proposed. A total of 21 common peaks were confirmed from liquid chromatography fingerprints and were identified as 14 flavonoids and 7 phenolic acids by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Q‐Orbitrap/MS). Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2'‐diazide‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that all of the test samples had moderate to high antioxidant effects, with IC50 values ranging from 5.2 to 16.1 mg/ml and 1.2 to 2.8 mg/ml for DPPH and ABTS assays, and the FeSO4 concentrations of 1.84–4.20 mmol/L for the FRAP assay. The spectrum–effect relationship between UHPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity was investigated through Pearson correlation analysis and Grey relational analysis (GRA) to identify the antioxidant constitutes in Lophatherum gracile Brongn. The results showed that 11 compounds were greatly associated with the antioxidant activity with a correlation degree >0.80, which can be used as the quality marker of Lophatherum gracile Brongn.
Inhibition of glial D‐serine release rescues synaptic damage after brain injury
Authors: Tapanes Stephen A. , Arizanovska Dena , Díaz Madelen M. , Folorunso Oluwarotimi O. , Harvey Theresa , Brown Stephanie E. , Radzishevsky Inna , Close Liesl N. , Jagid Jonathan R. , Graciolli Cordeiro Joacir , Wolosker Herman , Balu Darrick T. , Liebl Daniel J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynaptic damage is one of the most prevalent pathophysiological responses to traumatic CNS injury and underlies much of the associated cognitive dysfunction; however, it is poorly understood. The D‐amino acid, D‐serine, serves as the primary co‐agonist at synaptic NMDA receptors (NDMARs) and is a critical mediator of NMDAR‐dependent transmission and synaptic plasticity. In physiological conditions, D‐serine is produced and released by neurons from the enzymatic conversion of L‐serine by serine racemase (SRR). However, under inflammatory conditions, glial cells become a major source of D‐serine. Here, we report that D‐serine synthesized by reactive glia plays a critical role in synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify the therapeutic potential of inhibiting glial D‐serine release though the transporter Slc1a4 (ASCT1). Furthermore, using cell‐specific genetic strategies and pharmacology, we demonstrate that TBI‐induced synaptic damage and memory impairment requires D‐serine synthesis and release from both reactive astrocytes and microglia. Analysis of the murine cortex and acutely resected human TBI brain also show increased SRR and Slc1a4 levels. Together, these findings support a novel role for glial D‐serine in acute pathological dysfunction following brain trauma, whereby these reactive cells provide the excess co‐agonist levels necessary to initiate NMDAR‐mediated synaptic damage.
Quantitative MRI Differentiates Electromyography Severity Grades of Denervated Muscle in Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: Tan Ek T. , Serrano Kenneth C. , Bhatti Pravjit , Pishgar Farhad , Vanderbeek Alyssa M. , Milani Carlo J. , Sneag Darryl B. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundQuantitative MRI (qMRI) metrics reflect microstructural skeletal muscle changes secondary to denervation and may correspond to conventional electromyography (EMG) assessments of motor unit recruitment (MUR) and denervation.HypothesisDifferences in quantitative T2, diffusion‐based apparent fiber diameter (AFD), and fat fraction (FF) exist between EMG grades, in patients with clinically suspected neuropathy of the brachial plexus.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 30 subjects (age = 37.5 ± 17.5, 21M/9F) with suspected brachial plexopathy.Field Strength/Sequence3‐Tesla; qMRI using fast spin echo (T2‐mapping), multi‐b‐valued diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (for AFD), and dual‐echo Dixon gradient echo (FF‐mapping) sequences.AssessmentqMRI values were compared against EMG grades (MUR and denervation). qMRI values (T2, AFD, and FF) were obtained for five regional shoulder muscles. A 4‐point scale was used for MUR/denervation severity.Statistical TestsLinear mixed models and least‐squares pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate qMRI differences between EMG grades. Predictive accuracy of EMG grades from qMRI was quantified by 10‐fold cross‐validated logistic models. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMean (95% confidence interval) qMRI for “full” MUR were T2 = 39.40 msec (35.72–43.08 msec), AFD = 78.35 μm (72.52–84.19 μm), and FF = 4.54% (2.11–6.97%). Significant T2 increases (+8.36 to +14.67 msec) and significant AFD decreases (−11.04 to −21.58 μm) were observed with all abnormal MUR grades as compared to “full” MUR. Significant changes in both T2 and AFD were observed with increased denervation (+9.59 to +15.04 msec, −16.25 to −18.66 μm). There were significant differences in FF between some MUR grades (−1.45 to +2.96%), but no significant changes were observed with denervation (P = 0.089–0.662). qMRI prediction of abnormal MUR or denervation was strong (mean accuracy = 0.841 and 0.810, respectively) but moderate at predicting individual grades (accuracy = 0.492 and 0.508, respectively).Data ConclusionQuantitative T2 and AFD differences were observed between EMG grades in assessing muscle denervation.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Breast and thyroid cancer: A multicenter study with Accrual to Clinical Trials Network
Authors: Peckham Merry , Spencer Horace J. , Syed Shorabuddin , Armstrong William B. , Farwell Donald Gregory , Gal Thomas J. , Goldenberg David , Russell Marika D. , Solis Roberto N. , King Deanne , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate a possible link between breast and thyroid cancer.MethodsA multicenter retrospective review of patients in the electronic medical records of six Accrual to Clinical Trial (ACT) institutions with both breast cancer and thyroid carcinoma. Each center queried its data using a predefined data dictionary. Information on thyroid and breast cancer included dates of diagnosis, histology, and patient demographics.ResultsA random‐effects model was used. There were 4.24 million women's records screened, 44 605 with breast cancer and 11 846 with thyroid cancer. The relative risks observed at each institution ranged from 0.49 to 13.47. The combined risk ratio (RR) estimate was 1.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.50–5.18).ConclusionThere was no association between the risk of developing thyroid cancer and being a breast cancer survivor compared to no history of breast cancer, but the range of relative risks among the participating institutions was wide. Our findings warrant further study of more institutions with larger sample size. Additionally, further analysis of the significance of regional RR differences may be enlightening.
The degenerative impact of hyperglycemia on the structure and mechanics of developing murine intervertebral discs
Authors: Lintz Marianne , Walk Remy E. , Tang Simon Y. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes has long been implicated as a major risk factor for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, interfering with molecular signaling and matrix biochemistry, which ultimately aggravates the progression of the disease. Glucose content has been previously shown to influence structural and compositional changes in engineered discs in vitro, impeding fiber formation and mechanical stability.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the impact of diabetic hyperglycemia on young IVDs by assessing biochemical composition, collagen fiber architecture, and mechanical behavior of discs harvested from 3‐ to 4‐month‐old db/db mouse caudal spines.ResultsWe found that discs taken from diabetic mice with elevated blood glucose levels demonstrated an increase in total glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, but comparable advanced glycation end products (AGE) levels to wild‐type discs. Diabetic discs also contained ill‐defined boundaries between the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, with the latter showing a disorganized and unaligned collagen fiber network at this same boundary.ConclusionsThese compositional and structural changes had a detrimental effect on function, as the diabetic discs were twice as stiff as their wild‐type counterparts and demonstrated a significant resistance to deformation. These results indicate that diabetes may predispose the young disc to DDD later in life by altering patterns of extracellular matrix deposition, fiber formation, and motion segment mechanics independently of AGE accumulation.
Primary Hyper‐IgE‐Related Salivary Gland Disease: A New Disease Entity
Authors: Zhu Wen‐Xuan , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Gao Yan , Chen Yan , Zhang Zu‐Yan , Hua Hong , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of primary hyper‐IgE‐related salivary gland disease (PHIESD), which is a newly proposed entity.MethodsFifteen consecutive patients pathologically diagnosed with chronic sialadenitis were enrolled, and their clinicopathological features were comprehensively analyzed. Inclusion criteria: (1) multiple salivary gland enlargement; (2) elevated serum IgE and/or IgE‐positive cell infiltration in salivary gland tissues; (3) histology‐confirmed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration; (4) exclusion of other known diseases.ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio was 5:10. The median age was 21 (range, 3–63) years. The average number of affected glands was 3.7 ± 1.4. Submandibular, parotid, and sublingual glands were involved in 15, 8, and 2 patients, respectively. Comorbid diseases included allergic diseases in seven patients and autoimmune diseases in two. Elevated serum IgE (median 175 kU/L) was seen in all patients. Serum IgG4 was slightly elevated in three patients. Histologically, most patients had mild lesions, including mild lymphocyte infiltration (60%) and focal fibrosis (66.7%). Lymphoid follicular formation (53.3%), moderate to severe lymphocytic inflammation (40%) and severe fibrosis (33.3%) were also observed. Immunohistochemically, IgE‐positive cells infiltrated mainly around the ducts, with scattered infiltration of IgG4‐positive, mast, and interleukin‐4 positive cells. During follow‐up (median, 46 months) of ten patients without intervention and two with immunosuppressive therapy, no significant changes in gland size or serum IgE level were noted.ConclusionsPHIESD manifests as homogeneous enlargement of multiple salivary glands and elevated serum IgE. Histopathology further verifies the diagnosis. It might be associated with anaphylaxis or autoimmune dysfunction. Conservative treatment is suggested.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:2132–2138, 2022
Low hemoglobin is associated with worse outcomes via larger hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage due to systemic disease
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Shu Yang , Chen Yunlong , Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Yu , Cheng Yajun , Wu Bo , Lei Peng , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhether hemoglobin is associated with outcomes of a specific subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. A total of 4643 patients with ICH from a multicenter cohort were included in the analysis (64.0% male; mean age [SD], 58.3 [15.2] year), of whom 1319 (28.4%) had anemia on admission. The unsupervised consensus cluster method was employed to classify the patients into three clusters. The patients of cluster 3 were characterized by a high frequency of anemia (85.3%) and mainly composed of patients of systemic disease ICH subtype (SD‐ICH; 90.0%) according to the SMASH‐U etiologies. In SD‐ICH, a strong interaction effect was observed between anemia and 3‐month death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–11.9, p = 0.004), and the hemoglobin levels were linearly associated with 3‐month death (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.92; p = 0.009), which was partially mediated by larger baseline hematoma volume (p = 0.008). This study demonstrated a strong linear association between low hemoglobin levels and worse outcomes in SD‐ICH, suggesting that hemoglobin‐elevating therapy might be extensively needed in a specific subtype of ICH.
Anatomically and physiologically informed computational model of hepatic contrast perfusion for virtual imaging trials
Authors: Sauer Thomas J. , Abadi Ehsan , Segars Paul , Samei Ehsan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeVirtual (in silico) imaging trials (VITs), involving computerized phantoms and models of the imaging process, provide a modern alternative to clinical imaging trials. VITs are faster, safer, and enable otherwise‐impossible investigations. Current phantoms used in VITs are limited in their ability to model functional behavior such as contrast perfusion which is an important determinant of dose and image quality in CT imaging. In our prior work with the XCAT computational phantoms, we determined and modeled inter‐organ (organ to organ) intravenous contrast concentration as a function of time from injection. However, intra‐organ concentration, heterogeneous distribution within a given organ, was not pursued. We extend our methods in this work to model intra‐organ concentration within the XCAT phantom with a specific focus on the liver.MethodsIntra‐organ contrast perfusion depends on the organ's vessel network. We modeled the intricate vascular structures of the liver, informed by empirical and theoretical observations of anatomy and physiology. The developed vessel generation algorithm modeled a dual‐input‐single‐output vascular network as a series of bifurcating surfaces to optimally deliver flow within the bounding surface of a given XCAT liver. Using this network, contrast perfusion was simulated within voxelized versions of the phantom by using knowledge of the blood velocities in each vascular structure, vessel diameters and length, and the time since the contrast entered the hepatic artery. The utility of the enhanced phantom was demonstrated through a simulation study with the phantom voxelized prior to CT simulation with the relevant liver vasculature prepared to represent blood and iodinated contrast media. The spatial extent of the blood–contrast mixture was compared to clinical data.ResultsThe vascular structures of the liver were generated with size and orientation which resulted in minimal energy expenditure required to maintain blood flow. Intravenous contrast was simulated as having known concentration and known total volume in the liver as calibrated from time–concentration curves. Measurements of simulated CT ROIs were found to agree with clinically observed values of early arterial phase contrast enhancement of the parenchyma ( HU). Similarly, early enhancement in the hepatic artery was found to agree with average clinical enhancement HU).ConclusionsThe computational methods presented here furthered the development of the XCAT phantoms allowing for multi‐timepoint contrast perfusion simulations, enabling more anthropomorphic virtual clinical trials intended for optimization of current clinical imaging technologies and applications.
Alternating salt‐fog spray aging of stitched woven composites: Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness
Authors: Lin Chen , Cheng Ling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe experimental investigation was focused on the effect of salt‐fog corrosion on the interlaminar facture behavior of stitched woven composites with various stitching patterns. To this aim, four kinds of stitched woven composites were exposed to alternating salt‐fog and hot‐air environmental conditions according to GJB 150.11A‐2009 standard, for 2 and 4 cycles. In particular, an un‐stitched woven composite was used as a control. Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were carried out in order to evaluate the interlaminar fracture toughness of woven composites during the aging process, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to reveal the interlaminar damage mechanisms. The results provide evidence that the stitching method can significantly improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of woven composites. The decrease of Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness for stitched woven composites is more serious as the salt‐fog spray aging cycles are increased. The stitching density has a significant effect on Mode I interlaminar fracture properties of the stitched woven composite both before and after the salt‐fog spray aging treatment. The effect of salt‐fog spray aging became more significant with an increase of the stitching density, while the interlaminar fracture toughness of the composites increased significantly.
A quest for substituent effects on novel diamino(phosphino)phosphinidenes using density functional theory method
Authors: Khorshidvand Neda , Kassaee Mohamad Zaman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubstituent effects on singlet (s) and triplet (t), symmetric acyclic (1X), cyclic‐saturated (2X), and cyclic‐unsaturated (3X) diamino(phosphino)phosphinidenes are investigated, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory (X = H, Me, t‐Bu, NH2, OH, Ph, CF3, and CN). All novel phosphinidenes scrutinized show singlet ground state, suggested by the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) on both gas‐phase and solvent‐phase optimized structures. Singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔES–T) increases in going from acyclic to cyclic‐saturated and cyclic‐unsaturated structures in gas phase. Band gap (ΔEH–L) decreases in going from cyclic‐saturated to cyclic‐unsaturated and to acyclic structures. Proton affinity (PA) decreases in going from acyclic to cyclic‐unsaturated and cyclic‐saturated structures in gas phase. Inverse pKa increases in both polar solvents (water and DMSO). Most our phosphinidenes appear as superacids in gas phase.
Risk of somatic hospitalization in parents after cancer in a child, a nationwide cohort study
Authors: von Heymann Annika , Alef‐Defoe Sierra , Salem Hanin , Andersen Elisabeth Anne Wreford , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Wadt Karin A. W. , Winther Jeanette Falck , Johansen Christoffer , Bidstrup Pernille Envold 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of cancer in a child is a profoundly stressful experience. The impact on parents' somatic health, including lifestyle‐related diseases, however, is unresolved. This paper assesses parents' risk of hospitalization with somatic disease after a child's cancer diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐ and register‐based study with parents of all children under age 20 diagnosed with cancer in Denmark between 1998 and 2013 and parents of cancer‐free children, matched (1:10) on child's age and family type. We estimated HR with 95% CI in Cox proportional hazard models for 13 major International Classification of Diseases‐10 disease groups, selected stress‐ and lifestyle‐related disease‐groups, and investigated moderation by time since diagnosis, parental sex, and cancer type.ResultsAmong n = 7797 parents of children with cancer compared with n = 74,388 parents of cancer‐free children (51% mothers, mean age 42), we found no overall pattern of increased risk for 13 broad disease groups. We found increases in digestive system diseases (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12), genitourinary system diseases (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14), and neoplasms (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.27), the latter attributable mostly to increased rates of tobacco‐related cancers and mothers' diet‐related cancers.ConclusionsThis is the first attempt to document the impact of childhood cancer on parents' somatic health. With the exception of increased risk for neoplasms, likely due to shared genetic or lifestyle factors, our findings offer the reassuring message, that the burden of caring for a child with cancer does not in general increase parents' risk for somatic diseases.