bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-2 The Microrna Profile of day 30 Pregnant Ipsilateral or non-Pregnant Bovine Uterus
Authors: Amiss Erin M , McCarty Keelee J , Pratt Scott L , Long Nathan M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers for various health issues and physiological states, and could be utilized as a tool to detect pregnancy loss. The objective of this study was to determine the variation in miRNA abundance between pregnant and non-pregnant uteri of cows at day 30 post-insemination. Uterine samples were collected from pregnant (n = 4) and non-pregnant (n = 4) cows, and snap frozen in liquid N2. Isolation of uterine RNA was performed using the mirVANA kit and RNA quantification and quality assessed. Eight libraries were generated (4 biological replicates per group) and subjected to RNAseq procedures and bioinformatic analysis by LC Sciences (Houston, TX, USA). Raw sequence data were analyzed using the ACGT101-miR program (LC Sciences, Houston, TX) removing extraneous sequence information. The remaining sequences ranging in size for 18 to 26 nucleotides were mapped to known bovine miRNA sequences (miRbase 22.1) and the bovine genome. Significant and differentially abundant miRNAs were analyzed using normalized deep sequencing counts and were subjected to ANOVA (P &lt; 0.05). There were 55 significant (P &lt; 0.05) differentially abundant microRNAs of which 35 were upregulated in open samples and 20 were upregulated in pregnant samples. Target prediction was performed using TargetScan for differentially abundant miRNA. Functional enrichment analysis of the miRNA target genes was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID 2021). Gene targets were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The top 5 KEGG pathways across all significant and differentially abundant miRNAs were pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, human papillomavirus infection, and metabolic pathways. These results show that there is variation in the abundance of miRNAs between pregnant and open cows at day 30 post-insemination.
PSIV-A-9 Effect of Three Different Initial Implant Programs on Beef×Dairy Steer Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Wesley Kaitlyn R , Word Alyssa B , Holland Ben P , Karr Kendall J , Hutcheson John P , Walter Lee-anne J , Johnson Bradley J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increased prevalence of beef×dairy cattle at finishing has left producers searching for ways to optimize performance though growth-promoting technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate timing and dosage of trenbolone acetate (TBA) administration on live and carcass outcomes of beef×dairy steers. Beef×dairy steers (n = 6,895; initial body weight = 156±5.2kg) were allotted into 30 pens, with pen as the experimental unit. Pens were assigned one of three implant treatments: 1) Revalor-IS (IS) at d0, IS at d80, and Revalor-XS (XS) at d160 (IS/IS/XS); 2) Ralgro at d0, IS at d80, and XS at d160 (Ral/IS/XS); 3) Encore at d0 and XS at d160 (Enc/XS). Steers were blocked by arrival date, each pen was terminally sorted after d250, and shipped at 329 ± 25d. For live outcomes, effects of implant treatment and block were evaluated. For carcass outcomes, effects of implant treatment, terminal sort group, interaction of treatment×sort, and block were evaluated. IS/IS/XS and Ral/IS/XS were heavier (P&lt; 0.001) than Enc/XS steers at d160. Final body weight was numerically increased for IS/IS/XS, but not statistically different (P=0.15). Bullers decreased from IS/IS/XS to Ral/IS/XS to Enc/XS (P&lt; 0.001). Dry matter consumption increased (P&lt; 0.01) from Enc/XS to IS/IS/XS. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were similar (P≥0.11). Hot carcass weight numerically increased (P=0.30) for IS/IS/XS compared to Enc/XS steers. Dressed yield, heavy carcasses, and 12th rib fat thickness were similar (P≥0.16). Marbling score differed (P=0.04), and Enc/XS graded a greater proportion of USDA Prime and fewer USDA Select carcasses than IS/IS/XS (P&lt; 0.05). Fewer Enc/XS and Ral/IS/XS tended (P=0.07) to be yield grade (YG) 3, with numerically more YG 1 and 2 carcasses than IS/IS/XS. While delaying administration of aggressive implants may improve quality grade and decrease bullers, few performance differences were observed as a result of initial implant.
PSIV-A-8 Development of Automated Computer Vision Systems for Evaluating Dairy cow Body Weight and Body Condition Scores
Authors: Bi Ye , Kadlec Robert , Castro Kayla , Indest Sam , Amorim Sabrina , Morota Gota 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Animal dimensions are important indicators for monitoring the growth rates, diet efficiency, and health status of animals. A computer vision system is one of the recently emerging precision livestock farming technologies to overcome the previously unresolved challenges pertaining to labor and cost. It is common practice to collect top-view depth images for evaluating body mass or conformation traits. However, in the depth image data acquisition process, some manual interventions are often involved for controlling a camera from a laptop computer or detailed steps for automated data collection are not described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of automated top-view dairy cow depth data collection methods using the picture- and video-based methods. Both methods automatically performed animal detection, trigger recording, capture depth data, and stop recording. The depth sensor camera was mounted 2.74 m above the ground over a free walk-through path between the milking parlor and feeding area. A total of 150 Holsteins and 100 Jersey cows were evaluated. A pixel location that depth is monitored was set up as a point-of-interest. The picture-based method takes the only pre-determined number of frames instead, while the video-based method takes a sequence of frames as a video. More than 90% of cows were successfully captured in both picture- and video-based methods. The success rate further improved to 98% when the video-based method was combined with the infrared cut lens. Overall, the video-based method yielded more accurate results for collecting depth data on cows. However, the picture-based method can be improved by increasing the number of pictures taken. We also discuss the utility of the developed automated system for evaluating body weight and body condition scores.
PSIV-A-11 Effects of Supplementing Extruded Dried Distillers' Grains Cubes to Stocker Cattle Grazing Introduced Pastures on Subsequent Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Adams Jordan , Tedeschi Luis O , Beck Paul A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of supplementing extruded dried distillers’ grains (DDG) cubes to grazing steers on subsequent finishing performance and carcass characteristics. Steers (n = 140) grazed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)/bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pastures from 14 April to 17 September 2020 with supplementation treatments (n = 3 pastures/treatment) that included: 1) Fertilized Control (FC), no supplementation on N fertilized pastures (112 kg N/ha); 2) Fertilized Supplement (FS), supplemented DDG cubes at 2.9 kg/d prorated for 3-d/wk feeding on N fertilized pastures; and 3) Supplement (S), supplemented DDG cubes at 0.75% of BW/d prorated for 5-d/wk feeding on unfertilized pastures. All animals were followed through the finishing phase in a commercial feedyard to investigate carryover effects on feedlot performance in 2 pens comingled across supplemental treatment. Carcass characteristics were evaluated via ultrasonography on d0 and d84 of finishing, and measurements were obtained at harvest. Feed DMI were segregated to individual animals according to Guiroy et al. (2001) and Tedeschi and Fox (2020b). Supplemented animals were heavier (P &lt; 0.01) at feedlot entry than FC, but harvest BW did not differ (P = 0.23). However, S and FS required 37 fewer days on feed (P = 0.01) than FC. Supplementation on pasture reduced total feed required (P = 0.02) and feed costs (P = 0.01) relative to FC. Gains were greater (P = 0.02) for FC and FS than S from d0 to d84, but did not differ thereafter (P ≥ 0.15). At harvest, FC had the greatest dressing percent (P &lt; 0.01) and lower yielding carcasses than FS (P = 0.01), but did not differ (P = 0.11) from S. Overall, extruded DDG cube supplementation during grazing did not negatively affect subsequent feedlot performance or carcass characteristics, but reduced the total feed required for finishing.
PSIV-A-12 Effects of Treating Primary Bovine Satellite Cells Cultures Inducted to Differentiate with Steroid Hormones, Zinc or Manganese on Creatine Kinase Activity
Authors: Alberto Anthony F , Motsinger Laura A , Hansen Stephanie L , Thornton Kara J , Brown Bailee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anabolic implants containing estradiol (E2) and trenbolone acetate (TBA) promote skeletal muscle growth by increasing protein synthesis of primary bovine satellite cells (BSC). Recent data indicate skeletal muscle growth induced by anabolic implants may be positively augmented by trace mineral (TM) supplementation. Currently, the effects that E2, TBA or TM have on differentiation of primary BSC cultures is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether BSC differentiation is altered when cultures are treated with E2, TBA, zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn). Primary BSC were grown to 80% confluency and treated (n=2) with 3% horse serum (CON), 10 nM TBA, 10 nM E2, 10 nM TBA and 10 nM E2, or 0.05, 0.10 or 0.25 μM of Mn, or 10, 20 or 40 μM of Zn. Creatine kinase activity was measured at 0, 24 and 72 h post-treatment to assess BSC differentiation. Creatine kinase is a muscle specific enzyme that is upregulated during satellite cell differentiation. A series of contrasts were constructed to compare CON and treated cultures at each time point. Creatine kinase activity increased (P&lt; 0.05) over time indicating all cultures were differentiating. There was no difference (P &gt;0.10) between the CON and any of the treatments at either 0 or 24 h post-differentiation. Treatment with 10 nM TBA increased (P=0.03) creatine kinase activity at 72 h compared to CON cultures. However, treatment with Zn, Mn, E2 or E2 and TBA did not have an effect (P &gt;0.15) on BSC differentiation as measured by creatine kinase activity. This preliminary data indicates TBA might increase BSC differentiation, but further experiments are needed to validate this finding. Further, additional research analyzing the impacts of Zn and Mn in the presence of different steroid hormones is warranted to better understand the relationship that exists between steroid hormones and TM.
PSV-A-3 Insulin in Sheep Under Different Patterns of Heat Stress
Authors: dos Reis Barbara Roqueto , Nguyen T , White Robin R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Livestock welfare and production are readily affected by thermal environment. However, the coordinate physiological shifts associated with heat stress differ substantially when animals have the opportunity to acclimate to thermal environments, or when night cooling occurs. Although some of these responses to thermal environment change have been characterized within some species, physiological signals in sheep associated with gradual versus drastic changes in ambient temperature have not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in insulin concentration in sheep exposed to\ thermal environments representing different patterns of temperature change. We hypothesized that insulin would increase in response to rapidly elevated temperature. Six sheep (Suffolk, Dorset, or Suffolk x Dorset, 74.3 ± 13.3 kg) were assigned to 1 of 2 groups exposed to a cross-over experiment. Groups were assigned to 1 of 2 rooms, where they were housed for 20 d, prior to switching rooms. The thermal environment changed five times per period (every 4 d), starting at thermoneutral (20°C, 27°C, 35°C, 27°C, 20°C) in one room and hot (35°C, 27°C, 20°C, 27°C, 35°C) in the other room. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on day four of each sampling period. Plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of insulin and glucagon by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ovine Insulin ELISA kit, Eagle Biosciences Inc, #INO91-K01) per manufacturer’s instructions. Relationships were analyzed as a generalized linear model with insulin concentration as the response variable and temperature, room, period, and animal as fixed effects; 2- and 3-way interactions among temperature, room, and period were also evaluated. Insulin concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.61 ng/mL, and was significantly influenced by animal (P = 0.044) and the interaction (P =0.004) between room and period. The interaction supports the idea that the pattern of heat loading, so more than absolute heat load modulates physiological adaptation to environment in the short-term
PSV-A-1 Estrus Response and Pregnancy Rates of Beef Cows Enrolled in two Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols, with or without pre-Synchronization
Authors: Pancini Stefania , Dias Nicholas W Wege , Currin John , Clark Sherrie , Stewart Jamie L , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pre-synchronization strategies with prolonged exposure to exogenous progesterone have the potential to alter estrus expression and improve fertility in beef cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the estrus response and pregnancy rate of suckled beef cows enrolled in two fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. A total of 1,216 cows (angus-crossed) at 10 locations across VA were enrolled in the study. Within location, cows were ranked by body weight, and days postpartum and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) 7&7 (n = 610), cows were administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF; 25 mg) and a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) insert [Day -14], an injection of GnRH (100 μg [Day -7]), PGF injection and CIDR removal [Day 0], and a second injection of GnRH concurrently with TAI 64 ± 2 h later [Day 2]; 2) 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR (7-day; n = 606), cows were administered GnRH (100 μg) and a CIDR insert [Day -7], PGF (25 mg) injection and CIDR removal [Day 0], and a second injection of GnRH concurrently with TAI 64 ± 2 h later [Day 2]. All cows received an estrus alert patch (ESTROTECT) on Day 0 and were evaluated for patch activation at TAI on Day 2. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography between 45 and 65 days after TAI. The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus between Day 0 and 2 was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for 7&7 compared with 7-day cows (72.8% and 55.9%, respectively). However, pregnancy rate to TAI was similar (P = 0.328) between treatments (63.8% and 61.1%, for 7&7 and 7-day, respectively). We conclude that suckled beef cows enrolled in the 7&7 TAI protocol had increased estrus expression, but similar pregnancy rate when compared with cows enrolled in the 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR TAI protocol.
PSV-A-2 Evaluation of Immune Performance of Calves Born to Cows Vaccinated with a Lifetime Regimen of a Modified-Live or Killed Viral Vaccine When Challenged with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Melchior-Tiffany Emily A , Anderson Collin , Cox Shad H , Dunlap Richard L , Lodge-Ivey Shanna , Wenzel John C , Scholljegerdes Eric J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way at preventing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. Maternal antibodies from colostrum provide immunoglobulins to stimulate the naïve immune system of calves, but these wane within the first 3 months of life. Limited information is available on the quality of colostrum influenced by vaccines, and their subsequent calf protection against BVDV. The objective of this study was to evaluate calf performance against BVDV after consumption of colostrum from cows vaccinated with either a killed viral (KV, n = 7) or modified-live viral vaccination (MLV, n = 9) against BVDV. Calves were weaned at approximately 140 days of age and intranasally challenged with BVDV strain 1373. Clinical scores were evaluated twice daily for 28 days, and blood samples were collected on day -2, 0, 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 28 post-infection (dpi) for evaluation of complete blood counts, virus isolation, and metabolites. Colostrum IgG was similar between treatment groups (P = 0.75). Calves that were born to KV cows had increased leukocyte and lymphocyte concentrations compared to MLV calves (P ≤ 0.03). Calves born to MLV cows tended to have higher clinical scores, including higher temperatures, and nasal discharge (P = 0.08). Overall, metabolites were unaffected by treatment (P ≥ 0.8), however, metabolites did differ by dpi. Serum urea nitrogen was lowest at dpi 8 (P = 0.02) and glucose was reduced from dpi -2 through d 14 (P &lt; 0.001). Non-esterified fatty acids were elevated through dpi 14 (P &lt; 0.0001) and haptoglobin peaked on dpi 10 (P &lt; 0.0001). Metabolites were altered by the viral challenge and indicate the nutritional status of the animal was shifted to support the immune response. Overall, vaccination treatment of the cow had little impact on the calf’s ability to mount an immune response.
PSII-A-8 Examining the Effects of Providing Injectable Mineral, Oral Mineral or Both to High-Risk Calves Relative to Weight Gain, Ribeye Area and Backfat Thickness
Authors: Crump Zachary C , Alberto Anthony F , Brown Bailee , Motsinger Laura A , Reichhardt Caleb C , Roholt Bryce W , Rood Kerry , Garcia Matthew D , Bowman Brett , Thornton Kara J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In some regions of the US, cattle range large areas that do not provide adequate mineral levels and due to the area, mineral supplementation is not possible. Weaned calves from this production system exhibit decreased production performance due to their deficient mineral status. However, there is currently no best practices to supplement these calves with mineral when they are received into a confined feeding setting. As such, this research examined the effects of different mineral supplementation strategies on weight gain, 12th rib fat thickness (REFT) and ribeye area (REA) of sixty feedlot steers obtained from a sale barn in an area known to be mineral deficient. Initially animals were stratified by weight into four different treatment groups (n=15): control (CON), dietary mineral (DM), multimin+dietary mineral (MM+DM), or Multimin (MM) and fed in pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks. Steers received their treatment for the first 40 d of the trial; after this time all steers received the DM treatment. Days 0, 5, 11, 40, 59, 95, 120 and 148 weights were recorded and d 4, 56, and 148 REA and REFT were measured via ultrasound. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with day as a repeated measure to determine the main effect of treatment. Weight, REA and REFT each increased (P&lt; 0.05) over time. Treatment impacted (P=0.02) weight such that steers receiving the DM treatment gained more (P&lt; 0.05) than those receiving MM+DM and MM, but were no different (P=0.25) than CON steers. Additionally, treatment impacted (P=0.05) REFT such that CON steers had increased (P=0.02) REFT than MM steers, but no other treatment groups were different (P &gt;0.10) from one another. This study suggests that mineral supplementation strategy during the first 40 d of confined feeding may impact production parameters of mineral deficient steers.
PSII-A-6 Evaluation of Maternal Plane of Nutrition and Selenium Supplementation on the Neonatal Fragment Crystallizable Receptor (Fcrn) in ewe Mammary Tissue
Authors: Voigt Rachel A , Hammer Carolyn J , Guenther Maverick C , Borowicz Pawel P , Neville Tammi L , Swanson Tara J , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Redmer Dale A , Reynolds Lawrence P , Caton Joel S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) in livestock species is transferred to the offspring exclusively through colostrum. In ruminants, a highly selective mammary barrier allows only immunoglobulin G1 to enter colostrum in substantial amounts. The neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor (FcRn) is responsible for the bidirectional transport of IgG; however, its role in concentrating IgG into colostrum is not well described. The objective of this study was to evaluate maternal nutrition and supranutritional selenium (Se) supplementation on FcRn abundance in mammary tissue. Pregnant Rambouillet ewes (n = 80) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement which included the main effects of dietary Se [adequate Se (9.5 µg/kg of BW) vs. high Se (81.8 µg/kg of BW)] and plane of nutrition [60%, 100%, and 140% of requirements]. After parturition, ewe mammary glands were collected, and tissue samples were fixed in 10% NBF before paraffin embedding and sectioning. Cross-sections (5 μm) were mounted onto glass slides, deparaffinized, stained for FcRn, and counterstained with DAPI. Areas of tissue cross-sections were captured with Plan-Apochromat 20x/0.8 NA lens using the tiling module of Zeiss software. Images were analyzed using ImagePro Premiere software. Relative fluorescence within the areas of interest was used as an indicator of FcRn abundance with data presented as receptor abundance per glandular tissue area. Data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS. High Se supplementation increased FcRn abundance per glandular area (P = 0.01). Abundance of mammary FcRn was not influenced by maternal plane of nutrition. Mammary FcRn was positively correlated (r2 = 0.25; P = 0.02) with IgG concentration in colostrum. Results indicate the presence of FcRn in ewe mammary tissue and correlation with colostral IgG. Further evaluation of the role of supranutritional Se and the FcRn is needed.
PSIV-B-16 Effects of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Carinata Meal on Performance, Intake, and Digestibility in Backgrounding Beef Heifers Consuming a Corn Silage-Based Diet
Authors: Schulmeister Tessa M , Tarnonsky Federico , Podversich Federico , de Martinez Juan Jesus Vargas , Fernandez-Marenchino Ignacio , Maderal Araceli , Cuervo Wilmer , Gomez Camila , Gonella Angela M , Dubeux Jose C , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The value of carinata, a non-food oilseed crop, has been demonstrated as a high-quality jet fuel alternative and successful cover crop in the southeastern U.S.; however, research is limited regarding carinata as an alternative for commonly used protein sources in livestock. Eighty-four Angus crossbred heifers were used in a generalized randomized block design to evaluate the effects of replacing cottonseed meal with carinata meal on performance, intake, and digestibility in backgrounding corn silage-based diet. Treatments included: corn silage only (C), corn silage + Brassica carinata meal (BCM) at 10% (CS-BCM10) or 20 % (CS-BCM20) inclusion, or corn silage + cottonseed meal at 10% inclusion (CS-CSM). Protein sources were mixed on an as fed basis with corn silage prior to delivery and provided ad libitum, with individual intake measured using the GrowSafe system. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS. An effect of treatment was observed for final body weight (BW; P &lt; 0.01), average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01), and gain to feed ratio (P &lt; 0.01), where CS was least. Dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.01) was greatest for CS-BCM10. No effect of treatment was observed for residual feed intake (P = 0.94), time ruminating (P = 0.32), or DMI as a percentage of BW (P = 0.10). Intake of nutrients was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) for CS-CSM, except crude protein (CP), which was least (P &lt; 0.01) for CS. Dry and organic matter digestibility was decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in CS but did not differ from CS-BCM10, whereas CP digestibility was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) in CS-BCM20, and neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility was least (P &lt; 0.01) for CS. Carinata performed similarly to cottonseed meal in backgrounding beef heifers fed a corn silage-based diet, thereby enhancing its value in the southeastern U.S.