bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMP-2 Modified Electrospun Scaffold for Acetabular Labral Reconstruction Promotes Collagen Fiber Regeneration in a Porcine Model
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Gao Guanying , Zhang Siqi , Liu Rongge , Dong Hanmei , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Acetabular labral tear is one of the contributing factors to early hip osteoarthritis. Patients with symptomatic labral tears may require surgical treatment, and labral reconstruction is indicated in cases of irreparable tears. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to construct the bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) electrospun scaffold for acetabular labral reconstruction and analyze the composition of the labrum and the influence of collagen fiber distribution in regenerated tissue on the biomechanical properties of labrum. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen mature male miniature pigs were selected for labral reconstruction in vivo. The animals were divided into 3 groups, including the autologous tendon group (T group), dopamine/polylactic acid–polyethylene glycol (PELA) electrospun group (DP group), and dopamine/PELA electrospun/BMP-2 group (DPB group), and the native labra were used as the control group. The microstructure of the reconstructed labrum was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Histologic and immunohistochemistry sections were used to evaluate the composition and structure of reconstructed labrum. The related gene expression was tested via quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction test. The compressive and tensile properties of tissues were evaluated using the elasticity test device. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the DP group and the T group were mainly composed of fibroblasts. The alignment of fibers was irregular. In the DPB group, the reconstructed tissues were composed of fibroblasts and chondrocytes, with parallel fibers and denser structure. The native labrum was composed of a large number of fibroblasts, which were arranged orderly and parallel, and there was almost no vascular proliferation. Under scanning electron microscopy, the reconstructed tissue of the DBP group was more similar to the native labral structure, forming a denser, clear-layered collagen fibrous structure, while the fiber alignment of the DP and T groups was irregular. The contents of type I, II, and III collagen ( COL1, COL2, and COL3, respectively) were upregulated in labrum reconstructed with the DPB scaffold, while the gene expressions did not increase in the DP and T groups. The tensile and compressive properties of the implants in the DPB group were significantly enhanced. Conclusion: BMP-2 modified electrospun scaffold promotes collagen regeneration and osteogenic differentiation and is associated with better biomechanical performance of the reconstructed labrum. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrated that BMP-2 modified electrospun scaffold could induce the regeneration of collagen and osteogenic differentiation and provide better biomechanical performance in labral reconstruction. This scaffold could be used in clinical practice after further improvement.
Emergency Department Management of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Obesity With Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin and Anti-Xa Monitoring
Authors: Tyler Dion J. , Caruso Kelsea A. , Lyden Abbie E. , Karpowitsch Katrina M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains a frequently utilized agent in the emergency department (ED) for management of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). While various protocols of UFH dosing have been proposed for patients with obesity, the optimal dosing and monitoring strategy is unclear. Objective: This study aims to compare the time to the first therapeutic anti-Xa level in obese acute VTE patients following the use of either total body weight (TBW) or adjusted body weight-based (AdjBW) dosing of UFH in the ED, and to analyze the impact of different dosing strategies on patient outcomes. Methods: Inclusion criteria included adult patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m2, and suspected VTE managed with UFH per institutional protocol utilizing a bolus dose followed by maintenance infusion and anti-Xa monitoring. The primary outcome was time to the first therapeutic anti-Xa level in the group dosed per TBW compared with the group dosed per AdjBW. Safety outcomes included incidence of bleeding events, protamine administration, and mortality. Results: There were 32 patients included in the study. Patients dosed per TBW achieved a median time to first therapeutic anti-Xa level of 14.5 hours compared with 15 hours in the AdjBW group ( P = .613). The median therapeutic UFH infusion rate was 16 units/kg/hr in the TBW group compared with 13.5 units/kg/hr in the AdjBW group ( P < .001). Safety outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Patients presenting to the ED with acute VTE may be managed with UFH using either a TBW or AdjBW dosing strategy.
Utilization of Recommended Preventive Health Screenings Between Transgender and Cisgender Older Adults in Sexual and Gender Minority Communities
Authors: Hoy-Ellis Charles P. , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. , Kim Hyun-Jun 
Published: February 2022

Objectives Transgender older adults are among the most health disparate populations in the United States; they also face some of the most significant barriers in accessing high quality, affordable, preventive healthcare services. We compare utilization rates of eight recommended preventive health screenings for adults aged 50 and older, by gender identity. Methods: We analyzed data from 2514 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults aged 50 and older, testing associations between gender identities and screening service utilizations by applying a series of multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographics. Results: Compared to cisgender LGB participants, transgender participants had significantly lower odds to have met four of the recommended screenings. Transgender men had significantly lower odds than transgender women to have met two of the recommended screenings. Discussion: Increasing transgender older adults’ access to preventative health screening tests is critical to reduce the health burden in this aging population.
Piperlongumine inhibits diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Naithani Manisha , Kumar Nitesh , Singh Neha , Agrawal Shruti , Sharma Ambika , Thapliyal Surabhi , Singh Jagjit , Handu Shailendra 
Published: February 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Piperlongumine (PL) has been claimed to have cytotoxic and HCC inhibitory effects in various cancer cell lines and xenograft models, but the chemopreventive potential of PL has not been studied in experimentally induced HCC yet. Research Design: Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into four groups of six each, Group A: untreated control; Group B: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) control (200 mg/kg), Group C: DEN + PL 10 mg/kg; and Group D: DEN + PL 20 mg/kg. Rats from all groups were assessed for liver cancer progression or inhibition by evaluating biochemical, cytokines, tumor markers, lipid peroxidation, and histological profiles. Results: The liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased in Group C and Group D compared to Group B. Upregulation in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, TNF-α, inflammatory mediator (NF-κB) and tumour marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in Group B were brought down upon treatment with piperlongumine in a dose-dependent manner. Antitumor cytokine (IL-12) was upregulated in PL-treated rats compared to DEN control rats. DEN treated group (Group B) showed histological features of HCC, and in rats treated with PL (Groups C, D) partial to complete reversal to normal liver histoarchitecture was observed. Conclusions: The potential chemopreventive actions of piperlongumine may be due to its free radical scavenging and antiproliferative effect. Therefore, piperlongumine may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Preliminary safety assessment of CIGB-210, an investigational peptide for HIV infection
Authors: Ramírez-Suárez Anna C , Paneque-Guerrero Taimi , Casillas-Casanova Dionne , Cosme Karelia , Bacardí Dania , Duarte Carlos A , Ancízar Julio , Brown Emma , Castro Jorge , Suárez-Alba José , Garay Hilda , Pereira Karla , Fernández-Ortega Celia 
Published: February 2022

Current human immunodeficiency virus treatments need to be periodically administered lifelong. In this study we assess the effect of repeated doses of an anti-HIV peptide drug candidate in C57BL6 strain. Two schemes of up to 15 administrations and one of 30, daily dosing for 5 days per week, all by the subcutaneous route were evaluated. Different dose concentrations of the peptide were assayed. CIGB-210 treated animals showed no symptoms or abnormal behavior as compared with placebo. All the animals gained weight during the study. Macroscopic evaluation showed no alterations in any of the organs studied. Microscopic analysis of the tissues did not show morphological changes in thymus, stomach, small and large intestines, kidney, brain, or cerebellum. The proliferative response of splenocytes and their capacity to secrete gamma interferon were not compromised by the repeated administration of CIGB-210. There were not statistically significant differences for any of the parameters evaluated during the study among treated and non-treated groups. We can conclude that CIGB-210 is well tolerated in C57BL6 mice in the dose concentration range explored and merits subsequent toxicological studies.
Efficacy of Non-contact BallistocardiographySystem to Determine Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Parchani Gaurav , Kumar Gulshan , Rao Raghavendra , Udupa Kaviraja , Saran Vibhor 
Published: February 2022

Background: Functions of the autonomic nervous system have cardinal importance in day-to-day life. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to estimate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Imbalance in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is seen to be associated with chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and so on. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a non-contact ballistocardiography (BCG) system to calculate HRV parameters by comparing them to the parameters derived from a standard commercial software that uses an electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: Current study captured an ECG signal using a three-channel ECG Holter machine, whereas the BCG signal was captured using a BCG sensor sheet consisting of vibroacoustic sensors placed under the mattress of the participants of the study. Results: The study was conducted on 24 subjects for a total of 54 overnight recordings. The proposed method covered 97.92% epochs of the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and 99.27% epochs of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 20 ms and 30 ms tolerance, respectively, whereas 98.84% of two-min intervals for low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) ratio was covered within a tolerance of 1. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was also calculated, giving a P < .001 for all the three parameters and coefficients 0.66, 0.55, and 0.44 for SDNN, RMSSD, and LF/HF, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that HRV parameters captured using unobtrusive and non-invasive BCG sensors are comparable to HRV calculated using ECG.
Tazarotene 0.045% Lotion: A Novel Retinoid Formulation
Authors: Mohney Lindsey A. , Singh Rohan , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: February 2022

Objective The aim of this study is to review the available data on efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.045% lotion. Data Sources A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases was completed in November 2021. Study Selection and Data Extraction Articles that discussed efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacology of tazarotene 0.045% lotion, written in English and published before mid-November 2021, were assessed. Data Synthesis In two, 12-week phase III clinical trials, tazarotene 0.045% lotion had higher rates of treatment success (study 1: 25.5% and study 2: 29.6%) than individuals who received the vehicle (study 1: 13.0% and study 2: 17.3%) (both Ps < 0.001). Participants treated with tazarotene 0.045% lotion had greater least squares mean reduction in inflammatory (study 1: 55.5% and study 2: 59.5%) and noninflammatory (study 1: 51.4% and study 2: 60%) acne lesions when compared with vehicle (inflammatory acne lesions, study 1: 45.7% and study 2:49%; noninflammatory acne lesions, study 1: 41.5% and study 2: 41.6%) ( P < 0.001 for studies 1 and 2). Tazarotene 0.045% lotion was well tolerated. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice Retinoids are first-line therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, many patients experience cutaneous irritation, which can decrease patient adherence and efficacy. Tazarotene 0.045% lotion is the first retinoid to utilize polymeric emulsion technology (PET) to efficiently distribute the medication across the skin, decreasing adverse effects while maintaining efficacy. Conclusions Tazarotene 0.045% lotion is an effective and well-tolerated retinoid recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating acne vulgaris in individuals 9 years of age and older.
Preservation of cognitive function after brain irradiation
Authors: Surendran Haripriya Parapparambil , Narmadha M P , Kalavagunta Sruthi , Sasidharan Ajay , Dutta Debnarayan 
Published: February 2022

Objective Approximately 50–90% of brain metastatic patients who receive radiation therapy (RT) exhibit cognitive decline which may affects the quality of life of cancer survivors. Hence preservation of cognitive functions in brain metastatic patients becomes important. This review aims to evaluates the pathology or mechanism of cognitive function impairment after brain irradiation and strategies available to preserve cognitive function after radiation therapy. Data Sources Published articles evaluating the pathology behind radiation induced cognitive impairment and strategies to resolve or preserve cognitive impairment were searched for in scientific databases (eg: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, Google scholar) using keywords including memantine, brain metastases, radiation therapy, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, mechanism and prevention Data Summary Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the mechanism of radiation induced cognitive decline. Among them, vascular hypotheses play a significant role. Some pharmacological agents have been also tested in patients receiving radiotherapy, memantine was found beneficial based with the reference to existing data. Conclusion Future studies are required to evaluate the impact of memantine in different types of radiation therapy procedures and its effects on quality of life of brain metastatic survivors.
Poor tolerability of lenvatinib in elderly patients ≥80 years old with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Kinoshita Akiyoshi , Hagiwara Noriko , Osawa Akiyuki , Akasu Takafumi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Ueda Kaoru , Saeki Chisato , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Koike Kazuhiko , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Management of elderly patients with cancer has become a global issue. We investigated the safety and tolerability of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients ≥80 years old. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 61 HCC patients and divided them into 2 groups: an elderly group (n = 13, ≥80 years old) and a younger group (n = 48, <80 years old). We compared the adverse events (AEs), administration period, dose intensity, objective response, and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups. Results The discontinuation of lenvatinib due to AEs was more frequent in the elderly group (8/13, 61.5%) than in the younger group (10/48, 20.8%) (P = 0.0043). Fatigue and appetite loss accounted for half of the cases discontinued due to AEs in the elderly group. The elderly group had a significantly lower 8-week-delivered dose intensity/body surface area ratio (147.2) and 8-week-relative dose intensity (50.0%) than those in the younger group (267.4, 67%) (P = 0.003, 0.029). The objective response rate was significantly lower in the elderly group (15.4%) than in the younger group (61.5%) (P = 0.021). The PFS in the elderly group tended to be shorter than that in the younger group (P = 0.058, hazard ratio [HR] 1.98). The modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade (hepatic function) (HR, 2.60; P = 0.01) and objective response (HR, 0.41; P = 0.011) were independently associated with the PFS in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion The management of AEs is crucial for adherence and maintaining the dose intensity of lenvatinib in elderly HCC patients.
Reversible Cardiomyopathy after Rituximab Treatment in a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient
Authors: Girkar Nishat , Zaki Saba , Pawar Sunita , Dhande Priti 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that has shown efficacy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both as a single agent and in combination with traditional chemotherapies. Case report Here, we present a case wherein a 56-year-old man developed dilated cardiomyopathy following one cycle of rituximab and bendamustine chemotherapy protocol used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia. On the fifth day the patient developed hypotensive shock followed closely by the development of cough after two days. Management and outcome The patient was started on carvedilol 3.125 mg, ramipril 2.5 mg, and torsemide 5 mg for treatment of cardiomyopathy. Blood transfusion was necessary for hypotensive shock. Antibiotic regimen was started for sepsis and progressive cough. The patient recovered fully from all the symptoms. Discussion This case illustrates the potential for cardiomyopathy with rituximab, particularly in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and its proposed mechanisms and treatment. The expanding utility of rituximab impels us to increase monitoring and awareness of this serious cardiovascular adverse effect.
A cost analysis of sorafenib for desmoid tumors
Authors: Johns Michael S , Merritt William T , Rhodes Lori , Ford Candice N , Thompson Mark , Lee William M , Sheldon Yarrow , Petrelli Nicholas J , Tiesi Gregory J 
Published: February 2022

Introduction A recent randomized trial demonstrated that sorafenib improved progression free survival (PFS) in patients with desmoid tumors despite many patients experiencing stable disease or spontaneous regression without treatment. Utilizing these trial data, we performed a cost analysis of sorafenib efficacy through two years of treatment. Methods Current Medicare Part D rates for sorafenib were utilized (dose 400 mg/day, cost $309/day). Annual costs per progression and objective response were calculated. Radiologic progression and response were defined using RECIST criteria. Patients with disease progression were separately analyzed in two groups: both clinical and radiologic (CAR), and radiologic alone. Results 84 previously randomized patients were analyzed (placebo: 35, sorafenib: 49). At one year, sorafenib was associated with a 43% absolute risk reduction (ARR) of CAR progression and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 2.3 patients/year, costing $259,406. At two years, ARR was 48% and NNT of 2.1 patients/year, costing $473,697. When evaluating only patients with RECIST defined radiologic progression, sorafenib patients experienced ARR of 13.9% with NNT 7.2 and estimated costs of $812,052 at one year. Two-year ARR was 17.5% with NNT 5.7 and estimated costs $1,285,052. Sorafenib patients experienced improved RECIST partial response rates at 1 and 2 years of 14.7% and 14.3%, with NNT 6.8 and 6.9, and costs of $766,938 and $1,556,433; respectively. Conclusion For the treatment of desmoid tumors, Sorafenib led to improved PFS, but at a significant cost per patient. Favorable RECIST outcomes were less likely and costlier. Patients should be informed of possible benefits of treatment versus potential financial burden.
Cross-sectional survey of non-invasive indirect blood pressure measurement practices in cats by veterinarians
Authors: Navarro Iliana , Summers Stacie , Rishniw Mark , Quimby Jessica 
Published: February 2022

Objectives This survey of small animal veterinarians endeavored to: (1) determine current methods of indirect blood pressure measurement; (2) detail techniques used to reduce situational hypertension; and (3) better understand the obstacles to performing blood pressure measurement in cats. Methods An online survey was produced and circulated to members of the Veterinary Information Network. A total of 733 veterinarians who saw cats in their practice and had access to at least one indirect blood pressure device completed the entirety of the survey. Results Ninety-six percent (703/733) of veterinarians who completed the survey reported measuring indirect blood pressure in cats in their practice, with veterinary technicians conducting most (600/703; 85.3%) of these measurements. Few veterinarians (30/733; 4.1%) did not measure blood pressure, with these veterinarians citing several obstacles including: difficulty interpreting results with the occurrence of fear, anxiety and stress in cats (20/30; 66.7%); difficulty performing measurements in cats (17/30; 56.7%); and technical staff being uncomfortable performing measurements (12/30; 40.0%). Most veterinarians (300/435; 69.0%) in this survey preferred an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector with sphygmomanometry, with many (272/300; 90.7%) perceiving that the results obtained with this device were more trustworthy compared with results obtained with oscillometry. Ninety percent (633/703) of veterinarians employed techniques to reduce situational hypertension in cats. Techniques perceived to be most helpful among veterinarians included: using a quiet location (454/633; 71.7%); minimizing restraint (316/633; 49.9%); performing blood pressure prior to other procedures (eg, phlebotomy, cystocentesis) (302/633; 47.7%); avoiding other animals (219/633; 34.6%); and allowing time for acclimation (167/633; 26.4%). Conclusions and relevance This survey study of veterinarians helps clarify obstacles to routine blood pressure measurement in conscious cats. Veterinarians reported several strategies that they felt reduced situational hypertension in cats. The data inform modifications of techniques to increase the frequency and perceived reliability of blood pressure measurement in at-risk cats.
Complete recovery of the retinal pigment epithelium layer after spontaneous large serous retinal pigment epithelial tear
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Xiao Jun , Luo Lifu , Yang Bo , Zou He , Zhang Chenchen 
Published: February 2022

Introduction The objective of this study is to report a case of complete recovery of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer after spontaneous large serous RPE tear and explore the possible RPE repair mechanism. Case description A 63-year-old male patient developed serous detachment of the RPE in the macula of his left eye. During the follow-up period, an oval-shaped RPE tear spontaneously occurred in the macular area, and fundus autofluorescence showed that the torn area was 6.59 mm2. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed that the subretinal fluid had been absorbed and that the continuity of the RPE layer was gradually restored from the periphery to the center over the course of 9 months. Moreover, visual acuity (VA) in the left eye was restored to 20/20, and there was no significant difference in macular function between the two eyes, as measured by multifocal electroretinography, at the last follow-up. In addition, the patient received no special treatment during the entire follow-up period. Conclusion The integrity of the RPE layer can be restored completely after extensive RPE tear, and recovered RPE may allow the recovery of macular function.