bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between nurse managers’ leadership styles, team culture and competence planning in Norwegian municipal in‐patient acute care services: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vatnøy Torunn Kitty , Dale Bjørg , Sundlisæter Skinner Marianne , Karlsen Tor‐Ivar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased complexity in the primary healthcare services has followed in the wake of health reforms and reveals the need for competence enhancement in the nursing services. Effective and visionary leadership, sufficiently qualified staff and cooperation among professionals are considered as key measures to safeguard quality in the services.AimsTo identify which leadership styles characterise first‐line nurse managers in Norwegian municipal in‐patient acute care (MipAC) units and to investigate how first‐line nurse managers’ leadership styles are associated with team culture and documented nursing competence planning.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was distributed to all the first‐line nurse managers in Norwegian MipAC units (n = 229). Data were collected between March and June 2019. The response rate was 80.5% (n = 182). First‐line managers’ background information and data about their focus on team culture and competence planning were recorded. Furthermore, we noted organisational structural characteristics, and managers’ transformational (relational) leadership and transactional (task‐oriented) leadership styles.ResultsThe managers exhibited a high degree of transformational leadership behaviour, which was significantly associated with team culture. No significant associations between leadership behaviours and documented competence planning were found. Notably, we found a significant correlation between transformational and transactional leadership styles, indicating that the managers adapt their leadership behaviours to actual requirements and situations. Organisational structural factors: the share of registered nurses (RNs) on the staff and having a position for a professional development nurse were positively associated with competence planning.ConclusionA relational leadership style promotes team culture and both factors may empower the professional nursing environment. However, first‐line nurse managers need to acknowledge nursing competence planning as a central part of effective leadership. Having a professional development nurse position seems to complement leadership and ease the manager's responsibilities regarding team culture and competence planning.
Two‐part D‐vine copula models for longitudinal insurance claim data
Authors: Yang Lu , Czado Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn short‐term nonlife (e.g., car and homeowner) insurance, policies are renewed yearly. Insurance companies typically keep track of each policyholder's claims per year, resulting in longitudinal data. Efficient modeling of time dependence in longitudinal claim data will improve the prediction of future claims needed for routine actuarial practice, such as ratemaking. Insurance claim data usually follow a two‐part mixed distribution: a probability mass at zero corresponding to no claim and an otherwise positive claim from a skewed and long‐tailed distribution. This two‐part data structure leads to difficulties in applying established models for longitudinal data. In this paper, we propose a two‐part D‐vine copula model to study longitudinal mixed claim data. We build two stationary D‐vine copulas. One is used to model the time dependence in binary outcomes resulting from whether or not a claim has occurred. The other studies the dependence in the claim size given occurrence. Under the proposed model, the prediction of the probability of making claims and the quantiles of severity given occurrence is straightforward. We use our approach to investigate a dataset from the Local Government Property Insurance Fund in the state of Wisconsin.
On the sign recovery by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, thresholded least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and thresholded basis pursuit denoising
Authors: Tardivel Patrick J.C. , Bogdan Małgorzata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBasis pursuit (BP), basis pursuit deNoising (BPDN), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are popular methods for identifying important predictors in the high‐dimensional linear regression model . By definition, when , BP uniquely recovers when and implies (identifiability condition). Furthermore, LASSO can recover the sign of only under a much stronger irrepresentability condition. Meanwhile, it is known that the model selection properties of LASSO can be improved by hard thresholding its estimates. This article supports these findings by proving that thresholded LASSO, thresholded BPDN, and thresholded BP recover the sign of in both the noisy and noiseless cases if and only if is identifiable and large enough. In particular, if X has iid Gaussian entries and the number of predictors grows linearly with the sample size, then these thresholded estimators can recover the sign of when the signal sparsity is asymptotically below the Donoho–Tanner transition curve. This is in contrast to the regular LASSO, which asymptotically, recovers the sign of only when the signal sparsity tends to 0. Numerical experiments show that the identifiability condition, unlike the irrepresentability condition, does not seem to be affected by the structure of the correlations in the X
matrix.
Estimation of graphical models for skew continuous data
Authors: Nghiem Linh H. , Hui Francis K. C. , Müller Samuel , Welsh Alan H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a new approach for estimating non‐Gaussian undirected graphical models. Specifically, we model continuous data from a class of multivariateskeweddistributions, whose conditional dependence structure depends on both a precision matrix and a shape vector. To estimate the graph, we propose a novel estimation method based on nodewise regression: we first fit a linear model, and then fit a one component projection pursuit regression model to the residuals obtained from the linear model, and finally threshold appropriate quantities. Theoretically, we establish error bounds for each nodewise regression and prove the consistency of the estimated graph when the number of variables diverges with the sample size. Simulation results demonstrate the strong finite sample performance of our new method over existing methods for estimating Gaussian and non‐Gaussian graphical models. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the proposed method on observations of physicochemical properties of wine.
Convergence of likelihood ratios and estimators for selection in nonneutral Wright–Fisher diffusions
Authors: Sant Jaromir , A. Jenkins Paul , Koskela Jere , Spanò Dario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA number of discrete time, finite population size models in genetics describing the dynamics of allele frequencies are known to converge (subject to suitable scaling) to a diffusion process termed the Wright–Fisher diffusion. This diffusion evolves on a bounded interval, such that many standard results in diffusion theory, assuming evolution on the real line, no longer apply. In this article we derive conditions to establish ‐uniform ergodicity for diffusions on bounded intervals, and use them to prove that the Wright–Fisher diffusion is uniformly in the selection and mutation parameters ergodic, and that the measures induced by the solution to the stochastic differential equation are uniformly locally asymptotically normal. We subsequently use these results to show that the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators for the selection parameter are uniformly over compact sets consistent, asymptotically normal, display moment convergence, and are asymptotically efficient for a suitable class of loss functions.
Let's talk about our feelings: Emotional labour of community practice in times of pandemic
Authors: Feldman Guy , Itzhaki‐Braun Yael , Frankenburg Ruth , Friedman‐Hauser Gal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom the earliest days of the Covid‐19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected marginalised communities around the world, community practice had assumed a critical role on the front lines of the social services' response to the pandemic. While scholars have devoted growing attention to community practice in normal and crisis times, little is known about the emotions of community practitioners and how they deal with them in order to do their job well. Drawing on Hochschild's concept of ‘emotional labour,’ this study examines how community social workers confronted the emotions they felt during the Covid‐19 pandemic so as to meet the requirements of their job. We address this question by drawing on in‐depth interviews with 30 community social workers in the public social services in Israel. Our research shows that community social workers experienced a wide range of interrelated negative emotions, including helplessness, frustration, disappointment, and anger. In response, workers developed four distinct coping mechanisms: emotional distancing; sharing of emotions; self‐soothing; and politization. Building on Foucault's notion of ‘technologies of the self,’ our analysis reveals that Covid‐19 produced what we call ‘pandemic subjectivity’ among human service professionals.
Timing of partial melting and granulite formation during the genesis of high to ultra‐high temperature terranes: Insight from numerical experiments
Authors: Cenki Bénédicte , Rey Patrice F. , Arcay Diane , Giordani Julian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong‐lived high to ultra‐high temperature (HT‐UHT) granulitic terranes formed throughout Earth's history. Yet, the detailed processes involved in their formation remain unresolved and notably the sequence of appearance and duration of migmatisation and granulites conditions in the orogenic cycle. These processes can be evaluated by analytical and numerical models. First, solving the steady‐state heat equation allows underlining the interdependency of the parameters controlling the crustal geotherm at thermal equilibrium. Second, performing two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical experiments of an orogenic cycle, from shortening to gravitational collapse, allows to consider non‐steady‐state geotherms and understand how deformation velocity may affect the relative timing of migmatite and granulite formation. These numerical experiments with elevated radiogenic heat production and slow shortening rates allow the formation of large volumes of prograde migmatites and granulites going through the sillimanite field as observed in many HT‐UHT terranes. Finally, the interplay between these parameters can explain the difference in predicted pressure‐temperature‐time paths that can be compared with the natural rock archive.
The Louisiade ophiolite: A missing link in the western Pacific
Authors: McCarthy Anders , Magri Luca , Sauermilch Isabel , Fox Jodi , Seton Maria , Mohn Geoffroy , Tugend Julie , Feig Sandrin , Falloon Trevor , Whittaker Joanne M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent dredging of a 100 km long ridge along the northernmost part of the Louisiade Plateau (LP) recovered serpentinized peridotites, MORB (mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt) and volcaniclastic breccia–conglomerates. Clinopyroxene, Cr‐spinel and bulk rocks show that the serpentinites are harzburgites to dunites, whereas hornblende phenocrysts from volcaniclastic rocks reflect hydrous, andesitic volcanism. The association of MORB, depleted mantle rocks and fingerprints of hydrous arc magmatism is typical of supra‐subduction zone ocean lithosphere formed above a nascent subduction zone. Seismic and high‐resolution bathymetry data reveal structures consistent with an extensive east–west elongated ophiolite estimated to have obducted onto the LP between 53 and 80 Ma. This represents a major eastwards continuation of the Papuan Ultramafic Belt and forms a crucial link with ophiolites farther south in New Caledonia, providing support for major subduction initiation events in marginal basins along the northern and eastern margins of Australia and Zealandia in the Palaeocene–Eocene.
Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in an 18‐year time series in Brazil and in distinct Brazilian regions
Authors: Cruz Mariana C. , Camargos Paulo , Nascimento‐Carvalho Cristiana M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in Brazil.MethodsEcological study assessing all invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and meningococcal C disease (MenC) cases reported in all age groups, from 2001 to 2019. MCC was implemented in 2010. Data were collected on the DATASUS platform. Joinpoint regression was performed to assess the annual percent change (APC) of the incidence rate.ResultsInvasive meningococcal disease incidence decreased in all Brazilian regions from 2001 onwards, without apparent additional reduction attributable to MCC vaccine in the North, Northeast and South. The higher and statistically significant APC reduction in all age groups, in the North and South, and in children <5 years, in the Northeast, occurred between 2001 and 2011 (−15.4%), 2004 and 2012 (−14.4%), and 2001 and 2013 (−10.3%), respectively, before MCC vaccine implementation. Annual incidence of MenC in children under 5 years significantly fell in the North (−6.8%; 2011–2018), Southeast (−40.6%; 2010–2015) and Midwest (−48.6%; 2010–2014), which may be attributable to MCC implementation.ConclusionInvasive meningococcal disease and MenC behaved differently after MCC vaccine implementation in Brazil during this 18‐year time‐series analysis. This suggests that the control of IMD should be based on multiple public health care measures and considered on a regional basis.
Day and night isotope labelling reveal metabolic pathway specific regulation of protein synthesis rates in Arabidopsis
Authors: Duncan Owen , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPlants have a diurnal separation of metabolic fluxes and a need for differential maintenance of protein machinery in the day and night. To directly assess the output of the translation process and to estimate the ATP investment involved, the individual rates of protein synthesis and degradation of hundreds of different proteins need to be measured simultaneously. We quantified protein synthesis and degradation through pulse labelling with heavy hydrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes to allow such an assessment of ATP investment in leaf proteome homeostasis on a gene‐by‐gene basis. Light‐harvesting complex proteins were synthesised and degraded much faster in the day (approximately 10:1), while carbon metabolism and vesicle trafficking components were translated at similar rates day or night. Few leaf proteins changed in abundance between the day and the night despite reduced protein synthesis rates at night, indicating that protein degradation rates are tightly coordinated. The data reveal how the pausing of photosystem synthesis and degradation at night allows the redirection of a decreased energy budget to a selective night‐time maintenance schedule.
Genome sequences of three Aegilops species of the section Sitopsis reveal phylogenetic relationships and provide resources for wheat improvement
Authors: Avni Raz , Lux Thomas , Minz‐Dub Anna , Millet Eitan , Sela Hanan , Distelfeld Assaf , Deek Jasline , Yu Guotai , Steuernagel Burkhard , Pozniak Curtis , Ens Jennifer , Gundlach Heidrun , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Himmelbach Axel , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin , Spannagl Manuel , Wulff Brande B. H. , Sharon Amir 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYAegilops is a close relative of wheat (Triticum spp.), and Aegilops species in the section Sitopsis represent a rich reservoir of genetic diversity for the improvement of wheat. To understand their diversity and advance their utilization, we produced whole‐genome assemblies of Aegilops longissima and Aegilops speltoides. Whole‐genome comparative analysis, along with the recently sequenced Aegilops sharonensis genome, showed that the Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis genomes are highly similar and are most closely related to the wheat D subgenome. By contrast, the Ae. speltoides genome is more closely related to the B subgenome. Haplotype block analysis supported the idea that Ae. speltoides genome is closest to the wheat B subgenome, and highlighted variable and similar genomic regions between the three Aegilops species and wheat. Genome‐wide analysis of nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) genes revealed species‐specific and lineage‐specific NLR genes and variants, demonstrating the potential of Aegilops genomes for wheat improvement.
Effect of aneuploidy of a non‐essential chromosome on gene expression in maize
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Yang Hua , Chen Chen , Hou Jie , Ji Tieming , Cheng Jianlin , Birchler James A. 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYThe non‐essential supernumerary maize (Zea mays) B chromosome (B) has recently been shown to contain active genes and to be capable of impacting gene expression of the A chromosomes. However, the effect of the B chromosome on gene expression is still unclear. In addition, it is unknown whether the accumulation of the B chromosome has a cumulative effect on gene expression. To examine these questions, the global expression of genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and transposable elements (TEs) of leaf tissue of maize W22 plants with 0–7 copies of the B chromosome was studied. All experimental genotypes with B chromosomes displayed a trend of upregulated gene expression for a subset of A‐located genes compared to the control. Over 3000 A‐located genes are significantly differentially expressed in all experimental genotypes with the B chromosome relative to the control. Modulations of these genes are largely determined by the presence rather than the copy number of the B chromosome. By contrast, the expression of most B‐located genes is positively correlated with B copy number, showing a proportional gene dosage effect. The B chromosome also causes increased expression of A‐located miRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNAs potentially regulate their targets in a cascade of effects. Furthermore, the varied copy number of the B chromosome leads to the differential expression of A‐located and B‐located TEs. The findings provide novel insights into the function and properties of the B chromosome.
Prediction of fetal blood group antigens from maternal plasma using Ion AmpliSeq HD technology
Authors: Orzińska Agnieszka , Kluska Anna , Balabas Aneta , Piatkowska Magdalena , Kulecka Maria , Ostrowski Jerzy , Mikula Michal , Dębska Marzena , Uhrynowska Małgorzata , Guz Katarzyna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFetal blood group (BG) and platelet (HPA) antigens may trigger maternal immunization, causing a fetal disease. Noninvasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPT) predicts fetal genotype, identifying pregnancies with no risk. All current techniques detect fetal antigen alleles with unspecific background and without estimation of fetal fraction, thus new protocols for detection of fetal BG/HPA alleles with ultrahigh sensitivity still need to be tested to improve NIPT.AimTo design NIPT of clinically important antigens using Ion AmpliSeq HD technology.MethodsPlasma DNA from 36 pregnant women (9–33 week of gestation, 24 immunized with anti‐HPA‐1a,‐3b,‐15a, ‐K, or ‐D+C+S), with known BG/HPA genotypes of their neonates/partners, was tested on Ion S5 System using the Ion AmpliSeq HD designer custom gene panel. NGS contained 25 rs‐targets encoding relevant BG/HPA antigens and 10 markers.ResultsUsing the NGS protocol, 76 out of 85 differences in fetal/maternal BG/HPA genotypes were determined in concentration above 2% fetal paternally inherited allele chimerism. The level of unspecific reads for BG/HPA alleles was below 0.87%. In 24 immunized women NGS revealed feto‐maternal incompatibility in 11 cases (from 2.44% to 7.41%) and excluded in 10 (<0.05%), three cases had inconclusive results (1.79%, 0.19%, 0.11%). The presence of fetal DNA was confirmed in each case by detecting markers with at least 2% chimerism.ConclusionThe use of Ion AmpliSeq HD technology improves the prediction of feto‐maternal incompatibility, increasing the sensitivity of BG/HPA NIPT and serving confirmation of the fetal DNA at the same workflow.
Autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood as a novel therapy in obstetric hemorrhage: A case series
Authors: Phillips Jaclyn M. , Tamura Takahiro , Waters Jonathan H. , Larkin Jacob , Sakamoto Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report maternal outcomes in a cohort of women who received autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood and to describe the feasibility of blood collection and cell salvage processing at the time of vaginal hemorrhage.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series of patients who received autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood at the time of obstetric hemorrhage from January 2014 to August 2020. Maternal data and cell salvage utilization characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record.ResultsSixty‐four cases were identified in which autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood occurred during an obstetric hemorrhage. Median quantitative blood loss was 2175 ml (interquartile range 1500–2250 ml) with 89% of cases having a blood loss greater than 1000 ml. Patients on average received approximately 1.3 units of autologous blood product (384 ml, interquartile range 244–520 ml) and no direct adverse events were observed during transfusion. We observed heterogeneity in autologous blood volume across all values of quantitative blood loss. The need for allogenic blood transfusion was common and occurred in 72% of all cases (N = 46). There were no documented cases of maternal sepsis or severe infectious morbidity.ConclusionIn 64 cases where autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood occurred, autotransfusion was well tolerated. Heterogeneity in autologous blood volume collection likely represents the lack of standardized protocols for blood collection in the delivery room. Autotransfusion of vaginally shed blood is a feasible and reasonable technique to employ during severe obstetric hemorrhage.
Algorithmic estimation of adrenal volume based on body weight and CT landmarks in dogs
Authors: Swepson Ryan , Hosgood Giselle , Stander Nerissa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComputed tomographic (CT) methods for quantifying adrenal size are helpful for identifying and directing management of adrenal disease in dogs. This retrospective, observational study aimed to use CT to determine anatomic landmarks associated with adrenal gland volume in dogs, and subsequently develop an algorithm to estimate adrenal volume for individual subjects. Abdominal CT images from 150 dogs without adrenal disease were assessed. The volume of the left and right adrenals, as well as dimensions from anatomic structures, were measured. Predictive models for adrenal volume were examined with cross validation. A further 29 dogs were used for external validation and model fit. Dogs in the test cohort weighed from 3.1 to 67.5 kg (mean 24.4 kg) with left (VLA) and right (VRA) adrenal volume ranging from 0.23 to 2.84 cm3(mean 1.22 cm3) and 0.14 to 2.97 cm3(mean 1.11 cm3), respectively. A predictive model for each adrenal based on weight (W) and L1 height (HL1) best explained the adrenal volume, with external validation confirming model fit. The final models, adjusted for bias, were:VLA = 0.154 + (0.02 × W) + (0.07 × HL1) (adjR2 = 0.62); andVRA = −0.116 + (0.02 × W) + (0.06 × HL1) (adjR2 = 0.64). In dogs undergoing CT, these algorithms can be used to estimate expected adrenal volume and allow comparison with the actual volume measured on CT, facilitating interpretation of CT findings, and clinical decision‐making.