bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of exercise intensity and duration on the relationship between the slow component of V̇O2 and peripheral fatigue
Authors: de Almeida Azevedo Rafael , Keir Daniel A. , Forot Jonas , Iannetta Danilo , Millet Guillaume Y. , Murias Juan M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimIf the development of the oxygen uptake slow component (V̇O2SC) and muscle fatigue are related, these variables should remain coupled in a time‐ and intensity‐dependent manner. Methods: 16 participants (7 females) visited the laboratory on 7 separate occasions: (1) three 6‐minutes moderate‐intensity cycling exercise bouts proceeded by a ramp incremental test; (2‐3) 30‐minutes constant power output (PO) exercise bout to determine the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS); (4‐7) constant‐PO exercise bouts to task failure (TTF), pseudorandomized order, at (i) 15% below the PO at MLSS; (ii) 10 W below MLSS; (iii) MLSS; (iv) 10 W above MLSS (first intensity and randomized order thereafter). Neuromuscular fatigue was characterized by isometric maximal voluntary contractions and femoral nerve electrical stimulation of knee extensors to measure peripheral fatigue at baseline, at min 5, 10, 20, 30 and TTF. Pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) was continuously recorded during the constant‐PO bouts and V̇O2SC was characterized based on each individual V̇O2 kinetics during moderate transitions.ResultsThe development of V̇O2SC and peripheral fatigue were correlated across time (r2adj range of 0.64‐0.80) and amongst each exercise intensity (r2adj range of 0.26‐0.30) (all P < .001). Also, TTF was correlated with V̇O2SC and neuromuscular fatigue parameters (r2adj range of 0.52‐0.82, all P < .001).ConclusionThe V̇O2SC and peripheral fatigue development are correlated throughout the exercise in a time‐ and intensity‐dependent manner, suggesting that the V̇O2SC may depend on muscle fatigue even if the mechanisms of reduced contractile function are different amongst intensities.
A novel K+‐dependent Na+ uptake mechanism during low pH exposure in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): New tricks for old dogma
Authors: Clifford Alexander M. , Tresguerres Martin , Goss Greg G. , Wood Chris M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether Na+ uptake in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to acidic water adheres to traditional models reliant on Na+/H+ Exchangers (NHEs), Na+ channels and Na+/Cl− Cotransporters (NCCs) or if it occurs through a novel mechanism.MethodsZebrafish were exposed to control (pH 8.0) or acidic (pH 4.0) water for 0‐12 hours during which 22Na+ uptake (), ammonia excretion, net acidic equivalent flux and net K+ flux () were measured. The involvement of NHEs, Na+ channels, NCCs, K+‐channels and K+‐dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCKXs) was evaluated by exposure to Cl−‐free or elevated [K+] water, or to pharmacological inhibitors. The presence of NCKXs in gill was examined using RT‐PCR.Results was strongly attenuated by acid exposure, but gradually recovered to control rates. The systematic elimination of each of the traditional models led us to consider K+ as a counter substrate for Na+ uptake during acid exposure. Indeed, elevated environmental [K+] inhibited during acid exposure in a concentration‐dependent manner, with near‐complete inhibition at 10 mM. Moreover, loss increased approximately fourfold at 8‐10 hours of acid exposure which correlated with recovered in 1:1 fashion, and both and were sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA) during acid exposure. Zebrafish gills expressed mRNA coding for six NCKX isoforms.ConclusionsDuring acid exposure, zebrafish engage a novel Na+ uptake mechanism that utilizes the outwardly directed K+ gradient as a counter‐substrate for Na+ and is sensitive to TEA. NKCXs are promising candidates to mediate this K+‐dependent Na+ uptake, opening new research avenues about Na+ uptake in zebrafish and other acid‐tolerant aquatic species.
Metacognition during unfamiliar face matching
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. , Gous Georgina , Mireku Michael O. , Ward Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKruger and Dunning (1999) described a metacognitive bias in which insight into performance is linked to competence: poorer performers are less aware of their mistakes than better performers. Competence‐based insight has been argued to apply generally across task domains, including a recent report investigating social cognition using a variety of face‐matching tasks. Problematically, serious statistical and methodological criticisms have been directed against the traditional method of analysis used by researchers in this field. Here, we further illustrate these issues and investigate new sources of insight within unfamiliar face matching. Over two experiments (total N = 1077), where Experiment 2 was a preregistered replication of the key findings from Experiment 1, we found that insight into performance was multi‐faceted. Participants demonstrated insight which was not based on competence, in the form of accurate updating of estimated performance. We also found evidence of insight which was based on competence: the difference in confidence on correct versus incorrect trials increased with competence. By providing ways that we can move beyond problematic, traditional approaches, we have begun to reveal a more realistic story regarding the nature of insight into face perception.
Liraglutide attenuate central nervous inflammation and demyelination through AMPK and pyroptosis‐related NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Song Shuang , Guo Ruoyi , Mehmood Arshad , Zhang Lu , Yin Bowen , Yuan Congcong , Zhang Huining , Guo Li , Li Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsMultiple sclerosis (MS) still maintains increasing prevalence and poor prognosis, while glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists show excellent neuroprotective capacities recently. Thus, we aim to evaluate whether the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide (Lira) could ameliorate central nervous system demyelination and inflammation.MethodsThe therapeutic effect of Lira was tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in vivo and a microglia cell line BV2 in vitro.ResultsLira administration could ameliorate the disease score of EAE mice, delay the disease onset, ameliorate pathological demyelination and inflammation score in lumbar spinal cord, reduce pathogenic T helper cell transcription in spleen, restore phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (pAMPK) level, autophagy level, and inhibit pyroptosis‐related NLR family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway in lumbar spinal cord. Additionally, cell viability test, lactate dehydrogenase release test, and dead/live cell staining test for BV2 cells showed Lira could not salvage BV2 from nigericin‐induced pyroptosis significantly.ConclusionLira has anti‐inflammation and anti‐demyelination effect on EAE mice, and the protective effect of Lira in the EAE model may be related to regulation of pAMPK pathway, autophagy, and NLRP3 pathway. However, Lira treatment cannot significantly inhibit pyroptosis of BV2 cells in vitro. Our study provides Lira as a potential candidate for Multiple Sclerosis treatment.
Humoral immune response to COVID‐19 vaccination in diabetes is age‐dependent but independent of type of diabetes and glycaemic control: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study
Authors: Sourij Caren , Tripolt Norbert J. , Aziz Faisal , Aberer Felix , Forstner Patrick , Obermayer Anna M. , Kojzar Harald , Kleinhappl Barbara , Pferschy Peter N. , Mader Julia K. , Cvirn Gerhard , Goswami Nandu , Wachsmuth Nadine , Eckstein Max L. , Müller Alexander , Abbas Farah , Lenz Jacqueline , Steinberger Michaela , Knoll Lisa , Krause Robert , Stradner Martin , Schlenke Peter , Sareban Nazanin , Prietl Barbara , Kaser Susanne , Moser Othmar , Steinmetz Ivo , Sourij Harald ,   COVAC‐DM study group
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the seroconversion following first and second COVID‐19 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in relation to glycaemic control prior to vaccination and to analyse the response in comparison to individuals without diabetes.Materials and methodsThis prospective, multicentre cohort study analysed people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and a glycated haemoglobin level ≤58 mmol/mol (7.5%) or >58 mmol/mol (7.5%), respectively, and healthy controls. Roche's Elecsys anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S immunoassay targeting the receptor‐binding domain was used to quantify anti‐spike protein antibodies 7 to 14 days after the first and 14 to 21 days after the second vaccination.ResultsA total of 86 healthy controls were enrolled in the study, as well as 161 participants with diabetes, of whom 150 (75 with type 1 diabetes and 75 with type 2 diabetes) were eligible for the analysis. After the first vaccination, only 52.7% of participants in the type 1 diabetes group and 48.0% of those in the type 2 diabetes group showed antibody levels above the cut‐off for positivity. Antibody levels after the second vaccination were similar in participants with type 1 diabetes, participants with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls after adjusting for age, sex and multiple testing (P > 0.05). Age (r = −0.45, P < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.28, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with antibody response.ConclusionsAnti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S receptor‐binding domain antibody levels after the second vaccination were comparable in healthy controls and in participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, irrespective of glycaemic control. Age and renal function correlated significantly with the extent of antibody levels.
Pathways in the association between added sugar consumption, obesity in mother‐child dyads, and chronic oral disease burden in early childhood
Authors: Araújo Sângela Maria Pereira , da Silva Gisele Quariguasi Tobias Lima , Costa Elizabeth Lima , Nunes Ana Margarida Melo , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we modeled the pathways in the association of socioeconomic status, frequency of added sugar consumption, and obesity in mother‐child dyads with chronic oral disease burden in early childhood using structural equation modeling. A population‐based study was conducted on preschoolers from public daycare centers in São Luís, Brazil (n = 674) and their mothers. Chronic oral disease burden in early childhood was a latent variable, representing the shared variance of the following indicators: visible plaque index, gingivitis, and dental caries. A higher consumption frequency of added sugars by children [standardized regression coefficient (SC) = 0.219] explained the chronic oral disease burden. A higher consumption frequency of added sugars by mothers was associated with greater consumption of sugar by children (SC = 0.236), and indirectly with a greater chronic oral disease burden (SC = 0.052). Maternal obesity was associated with obesity in the offspring (SC = 0.130). The chronic oral disease burden is already present in early childhood and can be explained by the higher consumption of added sugars by the mother‐child dyad. Approaches to preventing chronic oral diseases should focus on common risk factors, start early in life, and promote family involvement in this process.
The use of rodent models to better characterize the relationship among epilepsy, sleep, and memory
Authors: Merten John E. , Villarrubia Sadie A. , Holly Kevin S. , Kemp Aaron S. , Kumler Allison C. , Larson‐Prior Linda J. , Murray Teresa A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, is known to be associated with impaired sleep and memory. Although the specific mechanisms underlying these impairments are uncertain, the known role of sleep in memory consolidation suggests a potential relationship may exist between seizure activity, disrupted sleep, and memory impairment. A possible mediator in this relationship is the sleep spindle, the characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) feature of non‐rapid‐eye‐movement (NREM) sleep in humans and other mammals. Growing evidence supports the idea that sleep spindles, having thalamic origin, may mediate the process of long‐term memory storage and plasticity by generating neuronal conditions that favor these processes. To study this potential relationship, a single model in which memory, sleep, and epilepsy can be simultaneously observed is of necessity. Rodent models of epilepsy appear to fulfill this requirement. Not only do rodents express both sleep spindles and seizure‐induced sleep disruptions, but they also allow researchers to invasively study neurobiological processes both pre‐ and post‐ epileptic onset via the artificial induction of epilepsy (a practice that cannot be carried out in human subjects). However, the degree to which sleep architecture differs between rodents and humans makes direct comparisons between the two challenging. This review addresses these challenges and concludes that rodent sleep studies are useful in observing the functional roles of sleep and how they are affected by epilepsy.
A modified nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model for life prediction of rolling bearing under variable loading conditions
Authors: Yu Aodi , Huang Hong‐Zhong , Li Yan‐Feng , Yang Wenxian , Deng Zhiming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the use of rolling bearings in wind turbines, aero engines, and other equipment, they often operate under variable operating and loading conditions. The practice has shown that the sequence of these loads and their interaction has a significant impact on the fatigue life of rolling bearings. In order to better understand this issue, a modified nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model, which considers the influences of both load sequence and load interaction, is proposed in this paper and verified using the fatigue testing data for six materials. Then, the verified model was applied to evaluate the fatigue damage accumulation and fatigue life of a rolling bearing. The results have shown that, compared with the existing models, the proposed model can more accurately predict the damage accumulation and fatigue life of the rolling bearing under variable loading conditions.
Hijras and South Asian historiography
Authors: Hinchy Jessica Bridgette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s, scholars of South Asia have framed the hijra community in a variety of ways, for instance, as a third gender, a transgender group, and an identity made through more than gender difference. Both interdisciplinary and historical accounts have debated the relationship between “hijra” and other gender, sexual or social subjectivities and categories. Hijra histories suggest that the community has often been at the center of historical transformations in governance, households, gender, embodiment, epistemologies, and political economies. Yet historical research has especially focused on the 19th century, raising questions about what a deeper genealogy of the term hijra might reveal about longer trajectories of historical change in gendered categories and practices. I argue that hijra histories may provide openings for gender historians to think critically about what precisely they mean by “gender.” Moreover, because hijra and transgender studies from South Asia have foregrounded the geopolitics of translation, this literature prompts fruitful questions for the field of transgender history.
Frequency‐doubled short nanosecond fiber lasers for glass drilling and grinding
Authors: Jiang Shibin , Wang Qing , Jiang Lijia , Zhu Xiaonong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe developed a fiber laser based 515 nm single‐mode green laser with pulse width of 5 ns, peak power of greater than 20 kW, and repetition rates from 100 kHz to 500 kHz, which is suitable for glass drilling and grinding. The lithium triborate (LBO) crystal is used for second harmonic generation of 515 nm laser with efficiency of 68%. Glass drilling speed of 50 mm/s @ 0.5 mm thick glass was achieved for industrial environment continuous operation, which is equivalent to 1 s of time to drill a 4 mm diameter hole on a 2 mm thick glass. The typical chip sizes for the rear and front sides are 80 μm and 120 μm, respectively. Seven thousand holes are drilled in 24 hours in glass product line, and the success rate is larger than 99.7%. This laser glass drilling approach is rapidly accepted by glass industrial. Glass surface grinding was demonstrated by using 1 ns pulse width 515 nm lasers.
Update on potential of edible mushrooms: high‐value compounds, extraction strategies and bioactive properties
Authors: López‐Hortas Lucía , Flórez‐Fernández Noelia , Torres María D. , Domínguez Herminia 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe traditional and growing importance of mushrooms due to their rich composition in nutritive and bioactive compounds converts the whole feedstock and their fractions into versatile attractive ingredients for food and nutraceuticals. The processing conditions are critically relevant to selectively recover high‐valuable compounds in a sustainable way. This short review, covering scientific papers published in the last 2 years, offers an updated vision of the study and applications of edible mushroom bioactive compounds, covering aspects in relation to the novelties in the cultivation, isolation, identification, characterisation of chemical and biological properties, extraction technologies and purification, as well as food applications, particularly in novel foods.
Laboratory characterization of obligate carriers of type 3 von Willebrand disease with a potential role for Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA‐200)
Authors: Geevar Tulasi , Dave Rutvi Gautam , Mathews Nitty Skariah , Kumar Snehil , Mammen Joy John , Vijayan Ramya , Aboobacker Fouzia N. , Abraham Aby , Srivastava Alok , Nair Sukesh Chandran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionType 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by undetectable von Willebrand Antigen (VWF:Ag). Carriers of type 3 VWD carry one null allele and have von Willebrand factor (VWF) at about 50% of normal. The aim of this study was to characterize type 3 VWD carriers and to study the role of Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA‐200) in this cohort.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study where data were collected from carriers (parents/offspring) of type 3 VWD patients and evaluated with activated partial thromboplastin time, factor VIII, blood group, ristocetin cofactor assay (VWF:RCo), VWF:Ag, and closure time on PFA‐200 with collagen/epinephrine (COL/EPI), and collagen/ADP (COL/ADP).ResultsOne hundred carriers were included in the study of which 85 were included for PFA‐200 analysis. The mean (SD) of VWF:Ag (IU/ml) and VWF:RCo (IU/ml) was 0.63 (0.24) and 0.61 (0.26), respectively. Among the 100 carriers, based on VWF levels (VWF:Ag and/or VWF:RCo) and bleeding history, there were 7 type 1 VWD, 10 type 2 VWD, 25 borderline VWF (0.30–0.50 IU/ml and no bleeding), and 58 normal VWF (>0.50 IU/ml). PFA‐200 was prolonged in 71% of the carriers, all carriers with type 1 and type 2 VWD phenotype, 80% carriers with borderline VWF, and 59% with normal VWF. COL/EPI was more sensitive than COL/ADP and showed better correlation with VWF parameters than COL/ADP.ConclusionCarriers of type 3 VWD can have a variable laboratory phenotype. PFA‐200 showed good sensitivity among the carriers at VWF levels <0.50 IU/ml.
The Nuts and Bolts of Health Care: Evaluating an initiative to build direct support professional capacity to support the health care of individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Selick Avra , Durbin Janet , Salonia Chanelle , Volpe Tiziana , Orr Erin , Hermans Heather , Zaretsky Lauren , Malhas Mais , Lunsky Yona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDirect support professionals (DSP) are instrumental in supporting the health care of individuals with intellectual disabilities, yet receive little training and support for this role. We implemented a capacity building intervention for DSPs in a community agency in Ontario, Canada. This study evaluated the perceived value and feasibility of the intervention and the value of a structured implementation approach.MethodThe intervention included communication tools, a health resource toolkit, and training. A mixed methods evaluation was used to collect feedback from DSPs and people with intellectual disabilities.ResultsParticipants generally found the intervention valuable and feasible. Although practice change is difficult, extensive engagement and being responsive to feedback were helpful strategies. The primary concern reported by DSPs was resistance from health care providers.ConclusionAn important next step is to engage health care providers to ensure the tools are valuable and feasible for everyone involved in the health encounter.
FGF21 alleviates acute liver injury by inducing the SIRT1‐autophagy signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaoning , Jin Zhongqian , Lin Danfeng , Shen Tianzhu , Zhang Jiangnan , Li Dan , Wang Xuye , Zhang Chi , Lin Zhuofeng , Li Xiaokun , Gong Fanghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiver injury can lead to different hepatic diseases, which are the mainly causes of high global mortality and morbidity. Autophagy and Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) have been shown protective effects in response to liver injury. Previous studies have showed that Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) could alleviate acute liver injury (ALI), but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we verified the relationship among FGF21, autophagy and SIRT1 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced ALI. We established CCl4‐induced ALI models in C57BL/6 mice and the L02 cell line. The results showed that FGF21 was robustly induced in response to stress during the development of ALI. After exogenous FGF21 treatment in ALI models, liver damage in ALI mice was significantly reduced, as well as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Consistently, FGF21 also greatly reduced the levels of ALT, AST, pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) in ALI cell lines. Mechanistically, exogenous FGF21 treatment efficiently upregulated the expression of autophagy marker microtubule‐associated protein light chain‐3 beta (LC3 II) and autophagy key molecule coiled‐coil myosin‐like BCL2‐interacting protein (Beclin1), which was accompanied by alleviating hepatotoxicity in CCl4‐treated wild‐type mice. Then, we examined how FGF21 induced autophagy expression and found that SIRT1 was also upregulated by FGF21 treatment. To further verify our results, we constructed an anti‐SIRT1 lentit‐RNAi to inhibit SIRT1 expression in mice and L02 cells, which reversed the protective effect of FGF21 on ALI. In summary, these results indicate that FGF21 alleviates ALI by enhancing SIRT1‐mediated autophagy.