bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Hepatitis C Antibody–Positive Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Partida Diana , Powell Jesse , Gonzalez Daniel , Khalili Mandana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vaccination for both hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) is recommended in hepatitis C infection (HCV). Among HCV antibody–positive persons experiencing homelessness, we identified high rates of HAV (34%) and HBV vaccine (35%) eligibility, highlighting critical gaps in HCV preventative services. Following education, 54% and 72% underwent HAV and HBV vaccination, respectively.
Determinants of LGBTQ+ Corporate Policies
Authors: Artiga González Tanja , Calluzzo Paul , Dong G Nathan , Granic Georg D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the determinants of firms’ LGBTQ+ policies and their relation to general CSR policies. Common factors explain LGBTQ+ policies related to firms’ primary stakeholders and those aimed at public LGBTQ+ efforts: younger firms, those with more financial resources, more educated workforces, catering to retail customers, and located in liberal areas have more LGBTQ+-friendly policies. LGBTQ+ initiatives encounter less societal agreement than CSR initiatives. Illustrating the distinctiveness of LGBTQ+ issues in the CSR space, we find that firms’ LGBTQ+ friendliness only weakly correlates with overall CSR performance. Lastly, we show that firms’ LGBTQ+ policies respond to pressure from shareholder proposals. (JEL G32, G34, G38)
Neural correlates with individual differences in temporal prediction during auditory-motor synchronization
Authors: Miyata Kohei , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Fukunaga Masaki , Sugawara Sho , Sadato Norihiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Temporal prediction ability is vital for movement synchronization with external rhythmic stimuli (sensorimotor synchronization); however, little is known regarding individual variations in temporal prediction ability and its neural correlates. We determined the underlying neural correlates of temporal prediction and individual variations during auditory-motor synchronization. We hypothesized that the non-primary motor cortices, such as the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, are the key brain regions that correlate individual variations in prediction ability. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (7T) was performed for 18 healthy volunteers who tapped to 3 types of auditory metronome beats: isochronous, tempo change, and random. The prediction ability was evaluated using prediction/tracking ratios that were computed based on cross-correlations between tap timing and pacing events. Participants with a higher prediction/tracking ratio (i.e. stronger predictive tendency) tapped to metronome beats more accurately and precisely. The prediction/tracking ratio was positively correlated with the activity in the bilateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), suggesting that the bilateral PMd explains the individual variation in prediction ability. These results indicate that the PMd is involved in generating a model for temporal prediction of auditory rhythm patterns and its activity would reflect model accuracy, which is critical for accurate and precise sensorimotor synchronization.
Predicting Time to Death After Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Measures Using Vital Sign Variability: Derivation and Validation
Authors: Scales Nathan B. , Herry Christophe L. , van Beinum Amanda , Hogue Melanie L. , Hornby Laura , Shahin Jason , Dhanani Sonny , Seely Andrew J. E. 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To develop a predictive model using vital sign (heart rate and arterial blood pressure) variability to predict time to death after withdrawal of life-supporting measures.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of observational data prospectively collected as part of the Death Prediction and Physiology after Removal of Therapy study between May 1, 2014, and May 1, 2018.

SETTING:
Adult ICU.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients in the ICU with a planned withdrawal of life-supporting measures and an expectation of imminent death.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Vital sign waveforms and clinical data were prospectively collected from 429 patients enrolled from 20 ICUs across Canada, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands. Vital sign variability metrics were calculated during the hour prior to withdrawal. Patients were randomly assigned to the derivation cohort (288 patients) or the validation cohort (141 patients), of which 103 and 54, respectively, were eligible for organ donation after circulatory death. Random survival forest models were developed to predict the probability of death within 30, 60, and 120 minutes following withdrawal using variability metrics, features from existing clinical models, and/or the physician’s prediction of rapid death. A model employing variability metrics alone performed similarly to a model employing clinical features, whereas the combination of variability, clinical features, and physician’s prediction achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of all models at 0.78 (0.7–0.86), 0.79 (0.71–0.87), and 0.8 (0.72–0.88) for 30-, 60- and 120-minute predictions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Machine learning models of vital sign variability data before withdrawal of life-sustaining measures, combined with clinical features and the physician’s prediction, are useful to predict time to death. The impact of providing this information for decision support for organ donation merits further investigation.
Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 5 Protein Deficiency Differentially Influences Blood Pressure, Vascular and Behavioral Effects in Aged Male Mice
Authors: D'Souza Manoranjan S. , Luu Anh N. , Guisinger Trevor C. , Seeley Sarah L. , Waldschmidt Ryan A. , Chrissobolis Sophocles 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Aging and elevated activity of the renin–angiotensin–system (RAS) are associated with hypertension, vascular and emotional behavioral abnormalities, like anxiety and depression. Many actions of the main effector hormone of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), are mediated by Ang II type 1 receptor whose activity is modulated by the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) protein. We assessed the role of RGS5 on blood pressure, vascular and emotional behavioral outcomes in aged male mice in the presence and absence of chronically elevated Ang II levels. We used aged (∼21-month old) male RGS5-deficient (RGS5−/−) and wild-type (RGS5+/+) mice treated with vehicle (saline) or Ang II (1 mg/kg/d for 21 days). RGS5 deficiency increased baseline and cerebral vascular superoxide levels in the presence of chronically elevated Ang II levels, suggesting that RGS5 deficiency leads to elevated blood pressure and deleterious cerebral vascular outcomes in aged mice. RGS5 deletion had no effect on Ang II–induced increases in systolic blood pressure. Chronically elevated Ang II levels increased spontaneous locomotor activity in RGS5+/+ but not RGS5−/− mice. RGS5 deficiency and Ang II treatment had no effect on anxiety- and depression-like behavior. This is the first study to assess the effects of deficiency of an RGS protein in the vasculature or on emotional behavioral outcomes in aged mice. We report that RGS5 has protective effects on blood pressure and the cerebral vasculature in aged mice. Clinically, these data suggest that RAS blockers may significantly reduce cerebrovascular disease risk in aged males lacking RGS5.
Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology
Authors: Gunaydin Akyildiz Aysenur , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , De Biase Daniela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, particularly enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community because it carries the potential to improve risk prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, although sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, that is, the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation and the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD and to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
OCULAR FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH MUTATIONS IN ATOH7 GENE OVERLAP THOSE WITH FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Naruse Sho , Kondo Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

Background/Purpose:
To report the ocular findings in three patients with a mutation in the ATOH7 gene.

Methods:
The clinical findings were collected from the medical records including those for magnetic resonance imaging. Three patients of two families who had poor vision since infancy were studied. Genetic testing of the ATOH7 gene was performed.

Results:
The three patients had varying degrees of intraocular vascular proliferation associated with advanced retinal detachments as falciform retinal folds or total retinal detachments. This state is referred to as congenital retinal nonattachment. One eye of a sibling had fluorescein angiographic findings of excessive branching of the retinal vessels and fluorescent dye leakage that were consistent with those of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Bilateral hypoplasia of the optic nerve was found in all three patients by magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic analysis showed a known in-frame deletion of the ATOH7 gene in all three patients.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of a patient with a mutation in the ATOH7 gene that had typical vascular patterns of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in the peripheral retina. The ocular features associated with mutations in the ATOH7 gene overlap those with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy at the early and advanced stages.
C-DU(KE) Calculator: A Clinical Tool for Risk Stratification in Infectious Keratitis
Authors: Mousa Hazem M. , Feghali James , Song Ailin , Soifer Matias , Jammal Alessandro A. , Perez Victor L. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of infectious keratitis predictive of poor outcome to develop a web-based predictive calculator.

Method:
A retrospective chart review was performed at the Duke Eye Center. Two hundred fifteen adult patients with culture-proven infectious keratitis presenting between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, were separated into a derivation set (136 patients, 53 positives; 83 controls) and a temporal validation set (79 patients, 26 positives; 53 controls). The poor outcome group consisted of patients requiring penetrating keratoplasty for visually significant scarring, penetrating keratoplasty for ulcer progression, or evisceration/enucleation for endophthalmitis. Univariable analysis was performed followed by stepwise multivariable logistic regression to obtain a predictive model in the derivation data set. Culture-naïve and postculture models were constructed. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration plots, respectively.

Results:
The culture-naïve model consisted of corticosteroid drop use postsymptom onset [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.3, P = 0.054], decreased vision (OR = 2.4, P = 0.001), and increased ulcer area (OR = 1.017, P = 0.017). The postculture model additionally included fungal keratitis (OR = 5.4, P = 0.006) and elapsed time from symptoms to organism-sensitive therapy (OR = 1.027, P = 0.014). The models were summarized by the acronym C-DU(KE). The AUCs for the culture-naïve model were 0.794 in the derivation set and 0.850 in the validation set. The AUCs for the postculture model were 0.898 in the derivation set and 0.946 in the validation set. Calibration plots indicated goodness of fit in the data sets for both models. The calculator was deployed under the URL: https://duke-eye-calculator.shinyapps.io/Corneal_Ulcers/.

Conclusions:
The C-DU(KE) calculator permits a data-driven prediction of outcome in infectious keratitis that can supplement clinical judgment.
Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection: Is it Important? A 10-Year Retrospective Case-control Study of Characteristics and Outcomes in Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Minihan Lily , Lee Oei Ju , Bajuk Barbara , Palasanthiran Pamela 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To determine the characteristics and outcomes of postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods:
A retrospective, matched case-control study in a tertiary NICU. Infants born between January 2009 and December 2019, <32 weeks’ gestational age (GA) and/or birth weight (BW) <1500 g with pCMV infection were matched 1:1 with cytomegalovirus-(CMV)-negative infants by year of admission, gender, GA and BW. Primary outcome was death ≤36 weeks’ postmenstrual age or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary outcomes were length of ventilation (LOV), length of stay (LOS) and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at corrected age 1 and 2 years.

Results:
Forty-eight pCMV-positive infants (median GA 25.3 weeks, BW 695 g, age 58 days) were identified from 1659 infants (incidence 2.9%). The most common symptoms of pCMV infection were abdominal distension (43.8%), sepsis-like syndrome (29.2%), thrombocytopenia (60.5%) and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (60.9%). Compared with controls, there were no significant differences in the composite outcome of death or BPD (56.3% vs. 37.5%; P = 0.1) or NDI at 1 and 2 years (51.9% vs. 44%; P = 0.8; 71.4% vs. 50%; P = 0.4). pCMV-positive infants had a significantly longer median LOV (23.5 vs. 12 days)* and LOS (140 vs. 110.5 days)*. Eleven (22.9%) infants received antivirals. Ten improved and 1 died. Two untreated infants died (1 from pCMV infection).

Conclusions:
Clinically identifiable pCMV infections are significant and associated with increased respiratory support and prolonged hospital stay in vulnerable infants. pCMV screening and preventive measures against transmission merit consideration.
*P < 0.05.
Coagulation Abnormalities and Management in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Noni Maria , Koukou Dimitra-Maria , Tritzali Maroula , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Michos Athanasios , Spoulou Vana 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The incidence and severity of coagulation abnormalities have not been extensively studied in pediatric populations with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, their association with an increased risk for thromboembolic events remains unclear, and there is a lack of evidence for optimal prophylactic antithrombotic management. The aim of our study was to present our experience in evaluation, management, and long-term outcomes of coagulation abnormalities in pediatric hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
A prospective study was performed in all children hospitalized for COVID-19 during a 6-month period focusing on patients’ coagulation abnormalities, the normalization of the coagulation profile with or without anticoagulation prophylaxis and the clinical outcome of the disease.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-three patients (median age: 11.4 months) were enrolled in the study. Coagulation abnormalities were detected in 92.4% of patients with increased D-dimer levels to be the most common abnormality detected in 84.3% of patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation was initiated only in 7 (3.1%) selected patients with severe COVID-19 and at least 2 risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and in all patients with previous history of VTE. Follow-up coagulation profile in 85 patients showed that changes over time had a tendency towards normalization irrespectively of the initiation of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. No thrombotic complications were observed 3 months upon discharge.

Conclusions:
Although abnormal findings in coagulation profile were very common, they were not associated with risk for VTE even in severe cases. A trend of normalization early in the course of the disease was observed regardless of the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis.
Association Between Self-care and Resilience
Authors: van Rijn Michelle M. , Jaarsma Tiny , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke M. , Weldam Saskia W.M. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Self-care (SC) is a cornerstone in heart failure management and is related to patient outcomes. The continuous and complex demands of SC can be experienced as stressful and may require patients to apply resilient behaviors as they manage their conditions. Resilience may be a helpful factor in performing SC.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the association between resilience and SC in patients with heart failure.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed between January 2020 and January 2021. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire addressing baseline characteristics, the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the Resilience Evaluation Scale, and the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory, which measures 3 concepts of SC: SC maintenance, SC monitoring, and SC management. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether resilience was associated with SC.

Results
Eighty-six patients were included, and 74 patients completed the questionnaire. In the univariate analysis, an association was found between resilience and SC maintenance, resulting in an increase in SC for patients with higher resilience (β = 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.96). In the multivariate analysis adjusted and corrected for confounders, no significant associations between resilience and all SC scales were found.

Conclusion
This study could not demonstrate significant associations between resilience and all SC scales. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on factors that can mediate or moderate SC. Further longitudinal research should be performed to study cause-effect relationships.
Self-reported Sleep Quality Before and After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Wood Kathryn A. , Higgins Melinda K. , Barnes Angel H. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in atrial fibrillation (AF) with reported links between worse sleep quality and higher AF severity. Little research has examined whether sleep quality changes after AF ablation despite it being a routinely performed procedure.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reported sleep quality before and after AF ablation and to examine whether sleep quality differs by AF severity or sex.

Methods
This longitudinal pilot study assessed sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at preablation and at 1, 3, and 6 months after ablation. Atrial fibrillation disease severity was assessed by the Canadian Cardiology Society Severity of AF scale. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman ρ correlations, and multilevel longitudinal models.

Results
The sample (N = 20) was 55% female with a mean age of 65 (±7) years. Poor sleep quality (mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores > 5) was evident at all time points. Improvement was noted at 3 months (moderate effect size d = 0.49); and negligible further improvement, from 3 to 6 months post ablation. Improvement was seen primarily in male subjects (large effect size d = 0.89 at 3 months), with smaller improvements for female subjects. Although Severity of AF scale scores were not correlated with sleep quality, Severity of AF scale severity scores did significantly improve over time.

Conclusions
Patients with AF have poor sleep quality that improves for the first 3 months after AF ablation, with men showing more improvement than women. A more accurate understanding of the sleep challenges after AF ablation could lead to development of more realistic patient education and improve patient self-management.
Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality Rates: Implications for Rural Health Policy and Preparedness
Authors: Grome Heather N. , Raman Rameela , Katz Benjamin D. , Fill Mary-Margaret , Jones Timothy F. , Schaffner William , Dunn John 
Published: April 2022

Context:
It is well established that rural communities face geographic and socioeconomic challenges linked to higher rates of health disparities across the United States, though the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on rural communities is less certain.

Objective:
To understand the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on rural communities in Tennessee, investigate differences in rural-urban mortality rates after controlling for confounding variables, and inform state pandemic response policy.

Design:
A cross-sectional analysis of cumulative COVID-19 morality rates.

Setting/Participants:
Tennessee county-level COVID-19 mortality data from March 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, were matched with county-level sociodemographic and health data from public datasets: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Social Determinants of Health, PLACES: Local Data for Better Health County Data, and the US Census Bureau. County status was defined using the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification.

Main Outcome Measures:
A negative binomial regression model estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for rural compared with urban mortality. Unadjusted rate ratios and rate differences for COVID-19 mortality in rural versus urban counties were compared with those for influenza and pneumonia and all-cause mortality over the past 5 years.

Results:
During the study period, 9650 COVID-19 deaths occurred across 42 urban and 53 rural counties. Controlling for county-level sociodemographic characteristics, health care access, and comorbidities, incidence rate ratio was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.00-1.28, P < .05) for rural as compared with urban deaths. Unadjusted COVID-19 mortality risk difference between rural and urban counties was greater (61.85, 95% CI, 54.31-69.31) than 5-year influenza and pneumonia rural-urban risk difference (12.57, 95% CI, 11.16-13.00) during 2015-2019.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 mortality rates were greater for populations living in Tennessee's rural as compared with urban counties during the study period. This differential impact must be considered in public health decision making to mitigate COVID-19.