bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malondialdehyde Level and Tissue Apoptosis Count as an Early-Detection Marker of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Firdausa Amalia Yosi , Ahimsa Sally Salsabila , Ahmada Rafdan Affan , Sukmawati Natasya Fauzia , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Soebadi Bagus , Radithia Desiana , Winias Saka , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Marsetyo Riyan Iman , Zain Rosnah Binti , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and TA count represent the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to malignancy and thus may be used as an indicator of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). This study aimed to determine the MDA level and tissue apoptosis (TA) count in oropharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke.
Materials and Methods Wistar rats were divided into three groups: T4 group (4-week cigarette smoke exposure), T8 group (8-week cigarette smoke exposure), and control group, which was not exposed to cigarette smoke. The oropharyngeal tissue of the rats from each group was examined histopathologically to count the number of apoptotic cells, and then the blood serum was made to measure the MDA level.
Statistical Analysis Bonferroni test was performed to see the differences in each group for MDA level. While the data from tissue apoptosis were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for the significance. All data were considered significant if p < 0.05.
Results The MDA level and TA count increased as the duration of cigarette smoke exposure increased. In the T8 group, the MDA level and TA count were significantly higher compared with the T4 and control groups with a p-value < 0.05.
Conclusions Exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke increased the TA count and MDA level in the oropharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats. The TA count and MDA level may be used as markers of OPMD.
Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Treatment in Gastric Cancer in Young Patients in India
Authors: Maheshwari Udip , Sharma Manish , Goel Varun , Goyal Pankaj , Jain Parveen , Agarwal Chaturbhuj , Jajodia Ankush , Talwar Vineet , BP Amrit , Joga Srujana , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Pasricha Sunil 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Gastric cancer poses an enormous burden across the globe and India in terms of cancer-related mortality. There is paucity of epidemiological and survival data among young gastric cancer patients in India. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics, clinical profile, and survival data of gastric cancer in young patients < 30 years at tertiary care institution at New Delhi, India.
Materials and Methods Young gastric cancer patients (≤30 years) who were registered over a period of 7 years (2010–2017) were analyzed at a tertiary care center. Total of 2,735 patients of gastric cancers were registered out of which 70 cases were younger than 30 years, of which 63 patients were available for final analysis and data was missing for the remaining 7 cases. All patients underwent standard diagnostic and staging investigation and were staged as per American Joint Committee on Cancer 7 staging system. Lymph node ratio was calculated as number of positive nodes by the number of lymph nodes removed and were categorized as ≤0.6 and >0.6. Minimum follow-up of 1 year was required for inclusion in the study. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up and were not included for survival analysis.
Results Younger patients (≤30 years) with gastric cancer were 2.5% of total gastric cancer patients. Mean age was 24.9 years with males being involved twice as commonly as females (2.15:1). Positive family history was present in 14.2% patients and smoking was present in 57.1% patients. Metastatic disease at presentation was present in 69.8% patients, while only 6.4% patients presented with stage I/II disease. Fourteen patients underwent surgery, out of which six patients underwent partial gastrectomy and remaining eight underwent total gastrectomy with D2 nodal dissection. Median overall survival was 10.8 months (8.8–12.8) and 2-year overall survival was 15.1%.
Conclusion Incidence of stomach cancer in young patients is more than expected and more than global average in India. Most of these young patients are presenting in advanced stage and survival is poor compared with typical aged patients
Temporal decay of strong solutions for generalized Newtonian fluids with variable power-law index
Authors: Ko Seungchan 
Published: April 2022

We consider the motion of a power-law-like generalized Newtonian fluid in R3, where the power-law index is a variable function. This system of nonlinear partial differential equations arises in mathematical models of electrorheological fluids. The aim of this paper is to investigate the decay properties of strong solutions for the model based on the Fourier splitting method. We first prove that the L2-norm of the solution has the decay rate (1+t)−34. If the H1-norm of the initial data is sufficiently small, we further show that the derivative of the solution decays in the L2-norm at the rate (1+t)−54.
Magnetic properties of bilayer nano-stanene-like structure with Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida coupling
Authors: Su Xin , Si Nan , Jiang Wei , Gao Wei-Chun , Zhang Feng-Ge 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A bilayer nano-stanene-like structure with Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida (RKKY) coupling described by the Ising model is proposed. The magnetic and thermodynamic properties are studied using the effective-field theory with correlations. The exchange coupling, longitudinal magnetic field, number of non-magnetic layers, and anisotropies had major influences on the magnetization, specific heat, and internal energy. Different saturation magnetizations are observed on the magnetization curve. The variation in the system blocking temperature is studied. The results provide theoretical guidance for the magnetic investigation of nanomaterials with RKKY coupling.
Biodiversity of Mollusca in Bahr AL-Najaf Depression in winter
Authors: Mizhir A H , Jasim N A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To study the biological diversity of the Mollusca, six sites were selected along the perimeter of the Bahr AL-Najaf Depression, and samples were collected at a rate of three replicates monthly for the interval from November 2019 till January 2020. The results of this study showed that highest density of 224 individuals / 50 cm2 was recorded in January 2020. Eight species have been identified, 4 of which belong to Bivalvia: Corbicula fluminea, Pseudodontopsis euphraticus, Unio tigridis and Trachycardium lacunosum, 4 species belong to the gastropod: Melanopsis nodosa, Melanopsis costata, Melanoides tuberculata and Theodoxus jordani. Corbicula fluminea and Melanoides tuberculata were more abundant in study site compared with else species. The results of the constancy index showed that five species, one of theme belongs to Bivalvia and the rest belongs to Gastropod, where the other species were accessories to Bahr AL-Najaf Depression environment. The index values of Species richness varied between 2.5-6.5, while the Shanon-Weiner index ranged between 0.024-0.29 bit/ind., but the uniformity index ranged between 0.024-0.036.
Study Kinetic Reaction and Removal of Indigo Carmine Dye in Aqueous Solutions by Direct Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Kazm Karrar H. , Najim Sarmad T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present work, it has been proved that the direct anodic electrochemical oxidation method is effective for removing indigo carmine dye through an application on simulated textile effluent confirmed by tests of UV-visible and COD. The effect of several factors such as current density (3,6,9) mA/cm2electrolyte temperature (20,30,40,50)°C, and initial coloring concentration (250, 500, 1000) ppm, area ratio of electrode (anode/cathode) (1:1) and electrode spacing (0.5,1,1.5)cm) were investigated using a well design electrochemical cell. The experiment shows that the optimum condition for removing indigo carmine dye from simulated textile wastewater are current density (9 mA/cm2), temperature (40°C), concentration (250 ppm), electrodes distance (0.5 cm) and power consumption (3.238 w.h/m3) with removal percent (61.7%). pseudo-first-order the reaction was most to statistically appropriate describing the machine direct anodic electrochemical oxidation of indigo carmine.
Analysis of the environmental reality of the marshes and its sustainable development
Authors: Irzoqy Israa Mahmooed mohammed , Ibrahim Lamia Flaieh , Al-Tufaily Hodoud Mohamed Abboud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study of the reality and concept of the environment of the marshes, both natural and human, and both sides complement each other in terms of the mutual influence between man and the environment, and that this influence refers to the process of adaptation practiced by man to the natural environment, which tries to harness for him to achieve goals, most of which are economic, which are not without harm to the environmental reality of the marshes Such as overfishing and destruction operations such as the drying of large areas, and the reason lies in the lack of interest on the part of governments and ministries concerned with protecting the marshes from various environmental violations and their attempt to develop them Its geographical location and its origin, as for the second topic, we touched on the most important environmental problems that the marshes suffer from in Iraq, and the methods of dealing with the deterioration occurring in the environment of the marshes were included in the third topic. In addition to the suggestions and conclusions and a list of sources and references.
The effect of climate change on energy consumption and environmental pollution according to degree days indicator “Baghdad city as an example”
Authors: Abed Hassan Susan , Ismail Husain Saad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The problem of climate change has emerged globally in recent decades. One of its most prominent indicators is the increase in temperatures in all countries, especially in regions with hot and arid climates. This has coincided with the problem of rising energy consumption for cooling needs in cities, especially in the summer season. Also, the increase in energy consumption contributes to increasing environmental pollution in urban areas. This, in turn, contributes to global warming. Several methods have emerged to calculate the energy consumption of buildings. The degree-days method is more applicable because it provides an accurate analysis of the temperature of the weather and its change on any given day and throughout the seasons of the year. This research calculated the cooling degree days for Baghdad City from 1960 until 2019. The results revealed that the annual average of degree days measured over the years had increased by 24% since 1960; energy consumption was calculated accordingly to determine the energy requirements, which had increased by 30%. The calculation of degree days will enable a local climate to assess critical issues of climate change and energy consumption related to environmental pollution.
Understanding Law in Contextual Pluralism: A Preface
Authors: Wang Shucheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Law has become increasingly important in China’s development. However, the nature and function of law in China’s context can hardly be understood and explained by traditional legal concepts and theories. With a global rise of authoritarianism, the Symposium on ‘Sources of Law, Authoritarian Legality and Chinese Jurisprudence’ critically examines the sources of law, authoritarian legality, and Chinese jurisprudence from an interdisciplinary perspective. The discussion of the symposium covers the theoretical relationship between the Party and law and its practical implications, the dynamics of Chinese law and governance, theoretical challenges from, and reflections on, the development of intraparty regulations, and China’s jurisprudence of international law, as well as the instantiation of legal instrumentalism in China’s context.
A practical approach with drones, smartphones, and tracking tags for potential real-time animal tracking
Authors: Mesquita Geison P , Mulero-Pázmány Margarita , Wich Serge A , Rodríguez-Teijeiro José Domingo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drones are increasingly used for fauna monitoring and wildlife tracking; however, their application for wildlife tracking is restricted by developing such systems. Here we explore the potential of drones for wildlife tracking using an off-the-shelf system that is easy to use by non-specialists consisting of a multirotor drone, smartphones, and commercial tracking devices via Bluetooth and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB). We present the system configuration, explore the operational parameters that can affect detection capabilities, and test the effectiveness of the system for locating targets by simulating target animals in savanna and forest environments. The self-contained tracking system was built without hardware or software customization. In 40 tracking flights carried out in the Brazilian Cerrado, we obtained a detection rate of 90% in savanna and 40% in forest areas. Tests for targets in movement (N = 20), the detection rates were 90% in the savanna and 30% in the forest areas. The spatial accuracy obtained by the system was 14.61 m, being significantly more accurate in savanna (x¯= 10.53) than in forest areas (x¯ = 13.06). This approach to wildlife tracking facilitates the use of drones by non-specialists at an affordable cost for conservation projects with limited resources. The reduced size of the tags, the long battery life, and the lower cost compared to GPS-tags open up a range of opportunities for animal tracking.
Great diversity of KSα sequences from bat-associated microbiota suggests novel sources of uncharacterized natural products
Authors: Salazar-Hamm Paris S , Hathaway Jennifer J Marshall , Winter Ara S , Caimi Nicole A , Buecher Debbie C , Valdez Ernest W , Northup Diana E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multidomain enzymes in microorganisms that synthesize complex, bioactive molecules. PKS II systems are iterative, containing only a single representative of each domain: ketosynthase alpha (KS$\alpha $), ketosynthase beta and the acyl carrier protein. Any gene encoding for one of these domains is representative of an entire PKS II biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Bat skin surfaces represent an extreme environment prolific in Actinobacteria that may constitute a source for bioactive molecule discovery. KS$\alpha $ sequences were obtained from culturable bacteria from bats in the southwestern United States. From 467 bat bacterial isolates, we detected 215 (46%) had KS$\alpha $ sequences. Sequencing yielded 210 operational taxonomic units, and phylogenetic placement found 45 (21%) shared &lt;85% homology to characterized metabolites. Additionally, 16 Actinobacteria genomes from the bat microbiome were analyzed for biosynthetic capacity. A range of 69–93% of the BGCs were novel suggesting the bat microbiome may contain valuable uncharacterized natural products. Documenting and characterizing these are important in understanding the susceptibility of bats to emerging infectious diseases, such as white-nose syndrome. Also noteworthy was the relationship between KS $\alpha $ homology and total BGC novelty within each fully sequenced strain. We propose amplification and detection of KS$\alpha $ could predict a strain's global biosynthetic capacity.
Joint estimation of selection intensity and mutation rate under balancing selection with applications to HLA
Authors: Slatkin Montgomery 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A composite likelihood method is introduced for jointly estimating the intensity of selection and the rate of mutation, both scaled by the effective population size, when there is balancing selection at a single multi-allelic locus in an isolated population at demographic equilibrium. The performance of the method is tested using simulated data. Average estimated mutation rates and selection intensities are close to the true values but there is considerable variation about the averages. Allowing for both population growth and population subdivision does not result in qualitative differences but the estimated mutation rates and selection intensities do not in general reflect the current effective population size. The method is applied to 3 class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and 2 class II loci (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1) in the 1000 Genomes populations. Allowing for asymmetric balancing selection has only a slight effect on the results from the symmetric model. Mutations that restore symmetry of the selection model are preferentially retained because of the tendency of natural selection to maximize average fitness. However, slight differences in selective effects result in much longer persistence time of some alleles. Trans-species polymorphism, which is characteristic of major-histocompatibility loci in vertebrates, is more likely when there are small differences in allelic fitness than when complete symmetry is assumed. Therefore, variation in allelic fitness expands the range of parameter values consistent with observations of trans-species polymorphism.
Prone Apprehension Relocation Test significantly correlates with radiological instability scores of the hip
Authors: Gebhardt Sebastian , Lerch Solveig , Sobau Christian , Miehlke Wolfgang , Wassilew Georgi I , Zimmerer Alexander 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, there was a debate about whether borderline dysplastic hips should be treated surgically with hip arthroscopy or periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Current studies recommend a classification into stable and unstable hips. Therefore, radiological scores have been described in recent years. Likewise, a new clinical stability test with the Prone Apprehension Relocation Test (PART) has been described. However, there has been no correlation between the modern radiological scores and the PART. We prospectively studied a consecutive group of patients who presented to our clinic. The PART and radiological scores were assessed in these patients. We divided the patients into a PART-positive and a PART-negative group and analyzed the associated clinical and radiological findings. Out of 126 patients (126 hips) included, 36 hips (29%) were evaluated as PART positive. There were significantly more females in the PART positive group (P = 0.005). Comparing the PART groups, significant differences (P &lt; 0.0001) were found for the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index, Gothic arch angle (GAA), anterior wall index (AWI), the occurrence of the upsloping lateral sourcil (ULS) and signs of acetabular retroversion. The correlation analysis showed an association between LCEA, FEAR index, GAA, AWI, ULS and the PART. A chi-square automatic interaction detection algorithm revealed that the strongest predictor of positive PART was the GAA. In conclusion, a high correlation between the PART and known radiological instability parameters was found. Consequently, a combination of clinical instability testing and radiological instability parameters should be applied to detect unstable hips.
What Happens to Peace When the Process is Stalled: Competing International Approaches to the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, 1996–2021
Authors: Lehrs Lior , Markus Dror K , Miodownik Dan , Sheafer Tamir , Shenhav Shaul R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Does an ongoing stalemate in a peace process affect the international agenda toward the conflict and international perceptions about policies that should be adopted to resolve it? We provide a tentative answer to this question by drawing insight from analysis of developments and trends in international media attention to key terms and concepts in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict during cycles of violence, as well as periods of rapprochement and peace negotiations, in the last two and half decades (1996–2021). We find that although attention to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process has been declining over the years, much of the international discussion continues to be devoted to relaunching a negotiation process leading to a two-state solution. The ongoing stalemate in such “process,” we show, provides ample opportunities for alternative approaches to emerge advocating alternative endgames (e.g., one-state), international pressure (e.g., Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions), or unilateral steps (e.g., annexation). Each of these approaches promotes an alternative vision and provides a different path and employs its own terminology and vision of the future. The Israeli–Palestinian case study helps illustrate what may happen to peace when the process is stalled, and how a stalemate can produce change in the international debate on the conflict and push for the emergence of new policy directions and agendas.
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Melayah Sarra , Ghozzi Mariem , Jemni Malek , Sakly Nabil , Ghedira Ibtissem , Mankaï Amani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Eighty-three RA patients with positive anti-cyclic citrullinated antibodies (anti-CCP) and 160 healthy blood donors were included in this study. ASCA IgG and IgA were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The frequency of ASCA was significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy subjects (22.9% vs 3.7%, P &lt; 10−3). Both ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA were significantly more frequent in RA patients than in the control group (20.5% vs 3.1%, P &lt; 10−3and 9.6% vs 0.6%, P = .002, respectively). ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA levels were significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy subjects (7.8 ± 8.4 U/mL vs 2.3 ± 2.8 U/mL, P &lt; 10−6 and 6.2 ± 10.9 U/mL vs 3.4 ± 1.7 U/mL, P = .002, respectively).

Conclusion
A high frequency of ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA has been found in RA patients.
Hydrogen reionization ends by z = 5.3: Lyman-α optical depth measured by the XQR-30 sample
Authors: Bosman Sarah E I , Davies Frederick B , Becker George D , Keating Laura C , Davies Rebecca L , Zhu Yongda , Eilers Anna-Christina , D’Odorico Valentina , Bian Fuyan , Bischetti Manuela , Cristiani Stefano V , Fan Xiaohui , Farina Emanuele P , Haehnelt Martin G , Hennawi Joseph F , Kulkarni Girish , Mesinger Andrei , Meyer Romain A , Onoue Masafusa , Pallottini Andrea , Qin Yuxiang , Ryan-Weber Emma , Schindler Jan-Torge , Walter Fabian , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The presence of excess scatter in the Ly-α forest at z ∼ 5.5, together with the existence of sporadic extended opaque Gunn-Peterson troughs, has started to provide robust evidence for a late end of hydrogen reionization. However, low data quality and systematic uncertainties complicate the use of Ly-α transmission as a precision probe of reionization’s end stages. In this paper, we assemble a sample of 67 quasar sightlines at z &gt; 5.5 with high signal-to-noise ratios of &gt;10 per ≤15 km s−1 spectral pixel, relying largely on the new XQR-30 quasar sample. XQR-30 is a large program on VLT/X-Shooter which obtained deep (SNR &gt; 20 per pixel) spectra of 30 quasars at z &gt; 5.7. We carefully account for systematics in continuum reconstruction, instrumentation, and contamination by damped Ly-α systems. We present improved measurements of the mean Ly-α transmission over 4.9 &lt; z &lt; 6.1. Using all known systematics in a forward modelling analysis, we find excellent agreement between the observed Ly-α transmission distributions and the homogeneous-UVB simulations Sherwood and Nyx up to z ≤ 5.2 (&lt;1σ), and mild tension (∼2.5σ) at z = 5.3. Homogeneous UVB models are ruled out by excess Ly-α transmission scatter at z ≥ 5.4 with high confidence (&gt;3.5σ). Our results indicate that reionization-related fluctuations, whether in the UVB, residual neutral hydrogen fraction, and/or IGM temperature, persist in the intergalactic medium until at least z = 5.3 (t = 1.1 Gyr after the big bang). This is further evidence for a late end to reionization.