bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF-α/anti-TNF-αdrugs and its effect on pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Dai Fang-fang , Hu Min , Zhang Yu-wei , Zhu Rong-hui , Chen Li-ping , Li Zhi-dian , Huang Yan-jie , Hu Wei , Cheng Yan-xiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPregnancy is a complex biological process. The establishment and maintenance of foetal–maternal interface are pivotal events. Decidual immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play indispensable roles in the foetal–maternal interface. The disfunction of decidual immune cells leads to adverse pregnancy outcome. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a common inflammatory cytokine, has critical roles in different stages of normal pregnancy process. However, the relationship between the disorder of TNF-αand adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), spontaneous abortion (SA), preterm birth and so on, is still indefinite. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the effect of TNF-αdisorder on pathological conditions. Moreover, we summarized the reports about the adverse pregnancy outcomes (PE, IUGR, SA and preterm birth) of using anti-TNF-αdrugs (infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab) currently in the clinical studies. Overall, IUGR, SA and preterm birth are the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes of anti-TNF-αdrugs. Our review may provide insight for the immunological treatment of pregnancy-related complication, and help practitioners make informed decisions based on the current evidences.
Undecidability of the Spectral Gap
Authors: Cubitt Toby , Perez-Garcia David , Wolf Michael M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct families of translationally invariant, nearest-neighbour Hamiltonians on a 2D square lattice of d-level quantum systems (d constant), for which determining whether the system is gapped or gapless is an undecidable problem. This is true even with the promise that each Hamiltonian is either gapped or gapless in the strongest sense: it is promised to either have continuous spectrum above the ground state in the thermodynamic limit, or its spectral gap is lower-bounded by a constant. Moreover, this constant can be taken equal to the operator norm of the local operator that generates the Hamiltonian (the local interaction strength). The result still holds true if one restricts to arbitrarily small quantum perturbations of classical Hamiltonians. The proof combines a robustness analysis of Robinson’s aperiodic tiling, together with tools from quantum information theory: the quantum phase estimation algorithm and the history state technique mapping Quantum Turing Machines to Hamiltonians.
Saffron Suffrage: Buddhist Monks and Constitutional Politics in Cambodia
Authors: Lawrence Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs one of the world’s only constitutions to recognize Theravada Buddhism as the state religion yet not include a religious exemption to the universal franchise for its monastic community, Cambodia’s Constitution stands out as an anomaly. This article traces the ways in which the realities of this remarkably inorganic approach to religion—enshrined in Cambodia’s Constitution in 1993, pursuant to a heavily internationalized peace process—have subsequently been shaped by debates occurring within Cambodia’s Buddhist institutions, rather than judicial ones. Drawing on data derived from archival research and a series of ethnographic interviews conducted during 2017 and 2018, I home in on decades-old debates about the voting rights of Cambodian monks to show how individual monks justify their participation in electoral politics through a mixture of both secular and religious arguments. The on-the-ground reality of the extension of the franchise to the Buddhist clergy in Cambodia, in other words, is ultimately shaped by an ongoing contestation within the sangha, with proponents and opponents of a religious exception grounding their arguments simultaneously in constitutional and theological vocabularies. The article sheds light on a singular constitutional arrangement—a unique relationship between religious and state institutions that has so far received relatively little scholarly attention—and highlights an instance of constitutional practice that occurs beyond the reach of both judicial and other state institutions.
THE SIMPLEST LOW LINEAR ORDER WITH NO COMPUTABLE COPIES
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY , ZUBKOV MAXIM 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA low linear order with no computable copy constructed by C. Jockusch and R. Soare has Hausdorff rank equal to$2$. In this regard, the question arises, how simple can be a low linear order with no computable copy from the point of view of the linear order type? The main result of this work is an example of a low strong$\eta $-representation with no computable copy that is the simplest possible example.
Tensions between the Middle Classes and the “New Middle Class” in Brazil: An Accidental Biographical Ethnography
Authors: Hilgers Tina , Calderón Anna , Honigmann Max 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article constructs an understanding of the Brazilian middle classes using economic, sociological, and cultural factors. It argues that the so-called new middle class is actually an expanded vulnerable class, and that the middle classes are simultaneously conscious and in denial of injustice toward the lower classes. The argument is based on an accidental biographical ethnography: reinterpretation of a field journal and the use of one person to understand broader trends. The resulting textual product juxtaposes biographical passages with theoretical analysis, deviating from traditional article structures to share the voice of the biographical participant while also critically examining the implications of this voice.
Viewing Quantum Charge from the Classical Vantage Point
Authors: Gilton Marian J. R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates the benefit of studying a classical version of chromodynamics in order to better understand color charge in quantum chromodynamics. Standard presentations of the conservation and confinement of color charge serve to obscure the Lie-algebra-valued character of the conserved Noether charge. This article shows how we can remove these obscuring factors by studying color charge from the vantage point of classical chromodynamics. This key example of color charge illustrates the larger methodological benefit of this classical vantage point: interpreting classical gauge theories helps to delineate the uniquely quantum features of quantum field theories.
Structural Inequality in Collaboration Networks
Authors: Ventura Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent models of scientific collaboration show that minorities can end up at a disadvantage in bargaining scenarios. However, these models presuppose the existence of social categories. Here, I present a model of scientific collaboration in which inequality arises in the absence of social categories. I assume that all agents are identical except for the position that they occupy in the collaboration network. I show that inequality arises in the absence of social categories. I also show that this is due to the structure of the collaboration network and that similar patterns arise in two real-world collaboration networks.
n-3 index is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors but is not improved by walnut intake in free-living elderly: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jehi Tony , Sabaté Joan , Bitok Edward , Sala-Vila Aleix , Ros Emilio , Cofan Montse , Oda Keiji , Rajaram Sujatha 
Published: June 2022

Abstractn-3 index, the erythrocyte proportion of the EPA + DHA fatty acids is a clinical marker of age-related disease risk. It is unclear whether regular intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, raises n-3 index in older adults. Of the 356 participants at the Loma Linda, CA centre from the original study, a randomly selected subset (n 192) was included for this secondary analysis (mostly Caucasian women, mean age 69 years). Participants were assigned to either the walnut (15 % of daily energy from walnuts) or the control group (usual diet, no walnuts) for 2 years. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined at baseline and 1-year following intervention. No differences were observed for erythrocyte EPA, but erythrocyte DHA decreased albeit modestly in the walnut group (–0·125 %) and slightly improved in the control group (0·17 %). The change in n-3 index between the walnut and control groups was significantly different only among fish consumers (those who ate fish ≥ once/month). Longitudinal analyses combining both groups showed significant inverse association between the 1-year changes of the n-3 index and fasting plasma TAG (ß = −10), total cholesterol (ß = −5·59) and plasma glucose (ß = −0·27). Consuming ALA-rich walnuts failed to improve n-3 index in elders. A direct source of EPA/DHA may be needed to achieve desirable n-3 index, as it is inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. Nevertheless, incorporating walnuts as part of heart healthy diets is still encouraged.
Gatekeeping by Central and Local Party Actors: Theory and Evidence from a Field Study of New Brunswick Nominations, 2017–2018
Authors: Albaugh Quinn M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder what circumstances do central and local party actors engage in gatekeeping to influence the outcomes of local nomination races? In this article, I develop a theory of gatekeeping in Canadian parties by synthesizing past work on candidate selection with a multi-method field study of New Brunswick provincial nominations (2017–2018). I present evidence in favour of this theory from participant-observation of 25 nominating conventions, 93 elite interviews, and an original dataset of major party nominations for the 2018 New Brunswick election. The theory and evidence show how gatekeeping by central party actors helps explain how nominations can go uncontested, even in competitive and safe seats. The theory also generates several testable claims for future studies of candidate selection in other places, time periods and levels of government in Canada.
Sum expressions for Kubota–Leopoldt -adic -functions
Authors: Zhao Luochen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen $p$ is an odd prime, Delbourgo observed that any Kubota–Leopoldt $p$-adic $L$-function, when multiplied by an auxiliary Euler factor, can be written as an infinite sum. We shall establish such expressions without restriction on $p$, and without the Euler factor when the character is non-trivial, by computing the periods of appropriate measures. As an application, we will reprove the Ferrero–Greenberg formula for the derivative $L_p'(0,\chi )$. We will also discuss the convergence of sum expressions in terms of elementary $p$-adic analysis, as well as their relation to Stickelberger elements; such discussions in turn give alternative proofs of the validity of sum expressions.
Are we free to work miracles? On Peter van Inwagen's concept of the miraculous
Authors: Kuźniar Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo bolster his consequence argument against David Lewis's rejoinder, Peter van Inwagen uses the concept of miracle. He claims that the Lewisian compatibilist must admit that under determinism, we possess the ability to work miracles par excellence, that is, not just in some purely technical sense of the term. The article argues that van Inwagen's definition of a ‘miracle’ is too broad even if it is interpreted merely as an explication of one component often thought to be inherent in the religious concept of miracle, namely the concept of an event that breaks the laws of nature. Nomological effects of miracles are not miracles themselves.
Semantic compositionality and Berkeley's divine language argument
Authors: DeRose Todd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCritics of Berkeley's divine language argument usually dismiss it for one of two main reasons: (1) it appears to be a mere variation on Descartes's argument for the existence of other minds, or (2) there is too little similarity between human languages and the ‘discourse of nature’. I will first show that the compositional features of language on which Berkeley partially bases his argument include systematicity and productivity – not merely the generativity on which Descartes's is based. I will then show that the analogy between human languages and the discourse of nature is stronger than typically appreciated, even given contemporary understandings of language.
Energy consumption analysis for an adaptive prototype of 3R industrial robot
Authors: González-Barbosa Erick-Alejandro , González-Palacios Max Antonio , Aguilera-Cortés Luz Antonio , González-Barbosa José-Joel , Serrano-Rubio Juan Pablo , Colin Robles José Ángel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents a methodology to reduce the energy consumption of an industrial robot. We propose a design for a 3R serial manipulator of general geometry. We show an analytical model aiming to analyze the search space of architectures based on the torsion angles of the robot to determine the optimal architecture that allows the efficient use of energy. The analytical model provides a theoretical estimation of the energy consumption and is validated by monitoring the experimental robot. The numerical calculations obtained with a particular case reduced the energy consumption by approximately 7.5%.
Crystallographic and Compositional Evolution of Ordered B2 and Disordered BCC Phases During Isothermal Annealing of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Dasari Sriswaroop , Sharma Abhishek , Soni Vishal , Kloenne Zachary , Fraser Hamish , Banerjee Rajarshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are promising candidates for next-generation high-temperature materials. RHEAs containing Al, often exhibit a checkered pattern microstructure comprising a combination of disordered BCC and ordered B2 phases. Since the ordered B2 phase is based on the BCC parent matrix, distinguishing these two phases can be rather challenging. Advanced characterization techniques are necessary for a reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of BCC and B2 phases in RHEAs. Additionally, there is a tendency for transformation of the ordered B2 phase into more complex ordered-omega type phases that are usually deleterious to mechanical properties. The current study focuses on the phase stability of a candidate RHEA, Al0.5Mo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr. Correlative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) have been employed to investigate the phase stability and transformation pathway of this RHEA when isothermally annealed at 800°C. The results show that a metastable two-phase BCC + B2 microstructure formed at the early stages of decomposition, eventually transforming into a three-phase BCC + B2 + hP18 microstructure. The hP18 phase is an ordered omega derivative of the ordered B2 phase. The correlative microscopy techniques (TEM and APT) reveal a very interesting interplay of compositional partitioning between the different phases and their respective stability.
Development and application of criteria to evaluate written CBT self-help interventions adopted by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services
Authors: Farrand Paul , Dawes Adam , Doughty Michelle , Phull Sundeep , Saines Sally , Winter Simon , Roth Anthony 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Guided CBT self-help represents a low-intensity intervention to deliver evidence-based psychological therapy within the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme. Best practice guidance highlighting characteristics associated with CBT self-help is available to help services reach decisions regarding which interventions to adopt. However, at present a single process to evaluate written CBT self-help interventions informed by guidance is lacking. This study reports on the development of a standardised criteria-driven process that can be used to determine the extent written CBT self-help interventions are consistent with guidance regarding the fundamental characteristics of low-intensity CBT and high-quality written patient information. Following development, the process was piloted on 51 IAPT services, with 23 interventions identified as representing free-to-use written CBT self-help interventions. Overall, inter-rater reliability was acceptable. Following application of the criteria framework, 14 (61%) were considered suitable to be recommended for use within the IAPT programme. This pilot supports the development and potential utility of an independent criteria-driven process to appraise the suitability of written workbook-based CBT self-help interventions for use within the IAPT programme.

Key learning aims

(1)
To recognise the range of written low-intensity CBT self-help interventions currently used within IAPT services.

(2)
To identify separate criteria associated with high-quality written CBT self-help interventions.

(3)
To use identified criteria to develop a framework to evaluate written workbook based low-intensity CBT self-help interventions for use within the IAPT programme.

(4)
To evaluate inter-rater reliability of the criteria framework to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of written workbook based low-intensity CBT self-help interventions used within IAPT services.
Oedipus Philosophus: A Thought Experiment
Authors: Moran Jerome 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article has a four-fold purpose: (I) to point out the interface and overlap of Classics and Philosophy; (ii) to encourage the take-up of A level Philosophy as a fitting companion for Classics courses, linguistic and non-linguistic; (iii) to reinforce the correction of certain crucial misunderstandings about Sophocles’ play, Oedipus Rex, especially concerning the agency of Oedipus both in the play and the back story of the play; (iv) to present a ‘thought experiment’ in order to show how modern philosophy might be applied to an ancient Greek play in order to resolve issues of truth and necessity.
Embrittlement Within Viscous Shear Zones Across the Base of the Subduction Thrust Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Tulley C. J. , Fagereng Å. , Ujiie K. , Diener J. F. A. , Harris C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeophysical observations indicate that patches of localized fracturing occur within otherwise viscous regions of subduction plate boundaries. These observations place uncertainty on the possible down‐dip extent of the seismogenic zone, and as a result the maximum magnitude of subduction thrust earthquakes. However, the processes controlling where and how localized fracturing occurs within otherwise viscous shear zones are unclear. We examined three exposures of exhumed plate boundary on Kyushu, Japan, which contain subducted sediments and hydrated oceanic crust deformed at ∼300 to ∼500°C. These exposures preserve subduction‐related viscous deformation, which in two of the studied exposures has a mutually overprinting relationship with quartz veins, indicating localized cyclical embrittlement. Where observed, fractures are commonly near lithological contacts that form viscosity contrasts. Mineral equilibrium calculations for a metabasalt composition indicate that exposures showing cyclical embrittlement deformed at pressure‐temperature conditions near dehydration reactions that consume prehnite and chlorite. In contrast, dominantly viscous deformation occurred at intervening pressure‐temperature conditions. We infer that at conditions close to metamorphic dehydration reactions, only small stress perturbations are required for transient embrittlement, driven by localized dehydration reactions reducing effective stress, and/or locally increased shear stresses along rheological contrasts. Our results show that the protolith composition of the subducting oceanic lithosphere controls the locations and magnitudes of dehydration reactions, and the viscosity of metamorphosed oceanic crust. Therefore, compositional variations might drive substantial variations in slip style.
High‐Pressure Melting Curve of FeH: Implications for Eutectic Melting Between Fe and Non‐Magnetic FeH
Authors: Tagawa Shoh , Helffrich George , Hirose Kei , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile hydrogen could be an important light alloying element in planetary iron cores, phase relations in the Fe‐FeH system remain largely unknown at high pressures and temperatures (P‐T). A speculative Fe‐H2 phase diagram has been proposed assuming continuous solid solution between Fe and FeH and eutectic melting between FeH and H2. Recent studies revealed that stoichiometric FeH becomes non‐magnetic above ∼40 GPa, which might affect its melting behavior. Here we examined the melting curve of non‐magnetic FeH between 43 and 152 GPa by a combination of laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell techniques and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The melting temperature was determined by employing the appearance of additional hazy XRD signals upon quenching temperature as a melting criterion. We also performed thermodynamic modeling, which well reproduces the change in the curvature of FeH melting curve upon the loss of magnetism and extrapolates the experimental constraints to inner core pressures. The XRD data showed that non‐magnetic FeH melts congruently at temperatures higher than the known eutectic melting curve for FeHx (x > 1). Combined with the fact that the endmembers exhibit different crystal structures, these results indicate that Fe and non‐magnetic FeH form a eutectic system. The dT/dP slope of the FeH melting curve is comparable to that for Fe, suggesting that the eutectic liquid composition of FeH0.42 (Fe + 0.75 wt% H) previously estimated at ∼40 GPa changes little with increasing pressure.
Full‐Field Modeling of Heat Transfer in Asteroid Regolith: 2. Effects of Porosity
Authors: Ryan Andrew J. , Pino Muñoz Daniel , Bernacki Marc , Delbo Marco , Sakatani Naoya , Biele Jens , Emery Joshua P. , Rozitis Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of granular planetary regolith is strongly dependent on the porosity, or packing density, of the regolith particles. However, existing models for regolith thermal conductivity predict different dependencies on porosity. Here, we use a full‐field model of planetary regolith to study the relationship between regolith radiative thermal conductivity, porosity, and the particle non‐isothermality. The model approximates regolith as regular and random packings of spherical particles in a 3D finite element mesh framework. Our model results, which are in good agreement with previous numerical and experimental datasets, show that random packings have a consistently higher radiative thermal conductivity than ordered packings. From our random packing results, we present a new empirical model relating regolith thermal conductivity, porosity, temperature, particle size, and the thermal conductivity of individual particles. This model shows that regolith particle size predictions from thermal inertia are largely independent of assumptions of regolith porosity, except for when the non‐isothermality effect is large, as is the case when the regolith is particularly coarse and/or is composed of low thermal conductivity material.