bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Black Hole–Galaxy Connection: Interplay between Feedback, Obscuration, and Host Galaxy Substructure
Authors: Juneau Stéphanie , Goulding Andy D. , Banfield Julie , Bianchi Stefano , Duc Pierre-Alain , Ho I-Ting , Dopita Michael A. , Scharwächter Julia , Bauer Franz E. , Groves Brent , Alexander David M. , Davies Rebecca L. , Elbaz David , Freeland Emily , Hampton Elise , Kewley Lisa J. , Nikutta Robert , Shastri Prajval , Shu Xinwen , Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Wang Tao , Wong O. Ivy , Woo Jong-Hak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is growing evidence for physical influence between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. We present a case study of the nearby galaxy NGC 7582, for which we find evidence that galactic substructure plays an important role in affecting the collimation of ionized outflows as well as contributing to the heavy active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscuration. This result contrasts with a simple, small-scale AGN torus model, according to which AGN-wind collimation may take place inside the torus itself, at subparsec scales. Using 3D spectroscopy with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument, we probe the kinematics of the stellar and ionized gas components as well as the ionization state of the gas from a combination of emission-line ratios. We report for the first time a kinematically distinct core (KDC) in NGC 7582, on a scale of ∼600 pc. This KDC coincides spatially with dust lanes and starbursting complexes previously observed. We interpret it as a circumnuclear ring of stars and dusty, gas-rich material. We obtain a clear view of the outflowing cones over kiloparsec scales and demonstrate that they are predominantly photoionized by the central engine. We detect the back cone (behind the galaxy) and confirm previous results of a large nuclear obscuration of both the stellar continuum and H ii regions. While we tentatively associate the presence of the KDC with a large-scale bar and/or a minor galaxy merger, we stress the importance of gaining a better understanding of the role of galaxy substructure in controlling the fueling, feedback, and obscuration of AGNs.
Influence of the Gravitational Darkening Effect on the Spectrum of a Hot, Rapidly Rotating Neutron Star
Authors: Majczyna Agnieszka , Madej Jerzy , Różańska Agata , Należyty Mirosław 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the influence of the gravitational darkening effect on the emergent spectrum of a fast-rotating, flattened neutron star. Model atmosphere codes always calculate spectra of emergent intensities and fluxes emitted from the unit surface on the star in plane-parallel geometry. Here we took a step beyond that and calculated a small sample grid of theoretical spectra integrated over the distorted surface of a sample rotating neutron star seen by a distant observer at various inclination angles. We assumed parameters like two dimensionless angular velocities

Ω

¯

2

=
0.30

and 0.60, the effective temperature of a nonrotating star T
eff = 2.20 × 107 K, the logarithm of the surface gravity of a spherical star

log
(
g
)
=
14.40

(cgs), and inclination angles from i = 0° to i = 90° with step Δi = 10°. We assumed that the atmosphere consists of a mixture of hydrogen and helium with M
H = 0.70 and M
He = 0.30. At each point on the neutron star surface, we calculated true intensities for local values of parameters (T
eff and

log
(
g
)

), and these monochromatic intensities are next integrated over the whole surface to obtain the emergent spectrum. In this paper, we compute for the first time theoretical spectra of the fast-rotating neutron star. Our work clearly shows that the gravitational darkening effect strongly influences the spectrum and should be included in realistic models of the atmospheres of rotating neutron stars.
The Impact of Neutron Transfer Reactions on the Heating and Cooling of Accreted Neutron Star Crusts
Authors: Schatz H. , Meisel Z. , Brown E. F. , Gupta S. S. , Hitt G. W. , Hix W. R. , Jain R. , Lau R. , Möller P. , Ong W.-J. , Shternin P. S. , Xu Y. , Wiescher M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nuclear reactions heat and cool the crust of accreting neutron stars and need to be understood to interpret observations of X-ray bursts and long-term cooling in transiently accreting systems. It was recently suggested that previously ignored neutron transfer reactions may play a significant role in the nuclear processes. We present results from full nuclear network calculations that now include these reactions and determine their impact on crust composition, crust impurity, heating, and cooling. We find that a large number of neutron transfer reactions indeed occur and impact crust models. In particular, we identify a new type of reaction cycle that brings a pair of nuclei across the nuclear chart into equilibrium via alternating neutron capture and neutron release, interspersed with a neutron transfer. While neutron transfer reactions lead to changes in crust model predictions and need to be considered in future studies, previous conclusions concerning heating, cooling, and compositional evolution are remarkably robust.
Preparedness to implement national enteral nutritional therapy practice guidelines: An observational study of primary health care institutions in South Africa
Authors: Mooi Nomaxabiso M. , Ncama Busisiwe P. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Despite the long-term consequences of malnutrition in hospitalised patients, nutritional practice guidelines for adults, particularly in the recovery phase are rarely implemented in community based primary health care settings.Aim: This study aimed at assessing the current practice to establish preparedness for effective implementation of the 2016 South African Enteral Nutrition Practice Guidelines for Adults.Setting: This study was conducted in a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, a community health centre, two primary health care (PHC) clinics and one household.Methods: Non-participant observations were conducted to observe 10 purposefully selected health care professionals involved in nutritional therapy provision to adults, a patient on home enteral nutrition (HEN) and a family caregiver. Content analysis helped identify predominant themes that emerged in the study.Results: Observation results showed that the national enteral nutritional (EN) therapy practice guidelines were not available in all health care institutions. Health care professionals were not aware of them and the care users confirmed that they attended HEN related follow-up care at institutions that prescribed and inserted their feeding tubes. Two major themes that emerged in this study include positive factors and negative factors that influence implementation of the guideline.Conclusion: The study identified factors that can have significant influence on the implementation of the national enteral nutritional therapy practice guidelines, a necessary step for changing clinical practice and thus clinical outcomes of patients. The EN/HEN training and the provision of necessary resources are needed to improve the situation. More research on the strategies for the dissemination of guidelines is essential to improve awareness and thus adoption and implementation.
The Immigrant Partnership and Advocacy Curricular Kit: A Comprehensive Train-the-Trainer Curriculum in Immigrant and Refugee Health
Authors: Miller Kathleen K. , Rule Amy R. L. , Bensman Rachel , Butteris Sabrina , Houser Laura , Kaeppler Caitlin , Lauden Stephanie M. , Pitt Michael B. , St Clair Nicole E. , Van Ganderen Kristin , Cobb Carmen 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
The number of immigrants and refugees in the United States is growing, yet many trainees and clinicians feel unprepared to manage the diverse needs of this population. This perspective piece describes the development of the Immigrant Partnership and Advocacy Curricular Kit (I-PACK) by the Midwest Consortium of Global Child Health Educators. I-PACK is an adjunct to the Consortium’s sugarprep.org global health curricular materials. Using Kern’s six-step approach to curriculum development, they developed eight modules in immigrant and refugee health that incorporate interactive learning activities. The I-PACK was launched as an open-access resource in September 2020. As of September 2021, the curriculum has been freely available at sugarprep.org/i-pack and downloaded from educators in 15 countries. The I-PACK curriculum can address a growing need in medical education to empower learners and clinicians to provide competent and compassionate care for immigrants and refugees.
Kriminalisasi Ulama dalam Teori Kekuasaan
Authors: Gultom Charles Marulan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The term "Criminalization of Ulama" has recently been heard in the public sphere related to political issues. In history, this is not a new issue. Criminalization has occurred since the Dutch colonial era. Why is it called criminalization of ulama? To reveal this reality, I will show the relevance of this theory of power promoted by Michel Foucault. The purpose of this explanation is to find out the patterns of criminalization of ulama. The method used is a qualitative approach by digging into the primary source of kyai sadrach's story. The variety of data collected will be reduced according to the needs and purposes of the research with analysis from various points of view. The paper will first reveal how Sadrach experienced clerical criminalization. Furthermore, Foucault's theory of power will define how power plays a role in the case of criminalization of clerics. From both exposures, researchers saw that the criminalization of clerics has political motives, in addition to the law.
Abstrak: Istilah “Kriminalisasi Ulama” baru baru ini sering terdengar di ruang publik terkait isu politik. Di dalam sejarah, hal ini bukan isu baru. Kriminalisasi sudah terjadi semenjak era penjajahan Belanda. Mengapa disebut kriminalisasi ulama? Untuk menyingkapkan realitas ini, saya akan menunjukkan relevansi ini dari teori kekuasaan yang diusung oleh Michel Foucault. Tujuan dari penjelasan tersebut kita dapat mengetahui pola-pola kriminalisasi ulama. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggali sumber primer dari kisah Kyai Sadrach. Ragam data yang terkumpul akan direduksi sesuai kebutuhan dan tujuan penelitian dengan analisa dari berbagai sudut pandang. Makalah ini pertama-tama akan mengungkapkan bagaimana Sadrach mengalami kriminaliasi ulama. Selanjutnya teori kekuasaan Foucault akan mendedah bagaimana kuasa sangat berperan dalam kasus kriminalisasi ulama. Dari kedua pemaparan tersebut, peneliti melihat bahwa bahwa kriminalisasi ulama memiliki motif politis, selain hukum.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Kristiani dalam Merawat Kemajemukan
Authors: Rewasan Ruben 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The problem of pluralism in Indonesia is still a hot topic of discussion in society. Even though in formal meetings, most accept pluralism in Indonesia as a gift. However, in reality, in grassroots society, pluralism still faces serious challenges. Perhaps because of this condition, conflicts with a plurality background are still common in Indonesia. In this situation, many people say that the conflicts were triggered by various provocations of elite interests. However, the main problem of various conflicts that occur at the grassroots is because the religious character that characterizes the spirit of pluralism is not well understood. As a result, many people are easily caught up in provocations that tear tolerance. Starting from this fact, instilling a character that accepts and appreciates and implements the spirit of accepting pluralism through a religious education approach is a priority. This is because strengthening a character that is loyal to pluralism is a solid foundation to fend off all forms of provocation that divides the nation. It is also in this interest that character education that is oriented to self-integrity that lives pluralism is the main goal. In this connection, the role of Christian Religious Education is needed in its implementation.
Abstrak: Masalah kemajemukan di Indonesia masih menjadi perbincangan hangat dalam masyarakat. Walau pun dalam pertemuan-pertemuan formal sebagian besar menerima kemajemukan di Indonesia sebagai anugerah. Akan tetapi dalam kenyataannya pada masyarakat akar rumput, kemajemukan masih mendapat tantangan yang berat. Mungkin karena kondisi ini, konflik-konflik yang berlatar belakang masalah kemajemukan masih sering dijumpai di Indonesia. dalam situasi ini, banyak orang menyebutkan bahwa berbagai konflik itu dipicu oleh berbagai provokasi kepentingan para elit. Namun masalah utama dari berbagai konflik yang terjadi pada akar rumput lebih disebabkan karena karakter keagamaan yang mencirikan spirit kemajemukan tidak dihayati dengan baik. Akibatnya banyak orang dengan mudah terjebak dalam provokasi yang mengoyak toleransi. Bertolak dari kenyataan ini maka menanamkan karakter yang menerima dan menghayati serta mengimplementasikan spirit menerima kemajemukan melalui pendekatan pendidikan agama merupakan prioritasnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena dengan mengokohkan karakter yang loyal terhadap kemajemukan merupakan fondasi kokoh guna menangkis segala bentuk provokasi yang memecah-belah bangsa. Dalam kepentingan ini pula maka pendidikan karakter yang berorientasi pada integritas diri yang menghayati kemajemukan adalah tujuan utamanya. Dalam hubungan ini, peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen sangat dibutuhkan dalam implementasinya. Ini juga yang menjadi tujuan penulisan ini, yaitu sebagai sumbangan untuk menegaskan karakter kristiani yang bercirikan spirit toleran terhadap kemajemukan.
ADAPTACIONES CURRICULARES EN NIÑOS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL ASOCIADA A TRASTORNO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Barberán Díaz José Luis , Barberán-Zambrano Sandra Ximena , Cagua-Cedeño Ximena Lilibeth , Cabrera-Moreira Gretty Alexandra , Gómez-Macías Nilda Aracely , Loor-Llanos Lilian Pilar , Moreira-Moreira Kerlis Mercedes , Salazar-Ostaiza Mildred Gissella , Santos-Zambrano Rocio Katiuska , Zambrano-Moreira Julexy Alejandra , Zurita-Montero Kerly Aracely , Marcillo-García Concepción Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

El artículo aborda la problemática relacionada con las necesidades educativas especiales, tiene como objetivo compartir la experiencia desarrollada con niños que poseen discapacidad intelectual asociada a Trastorno Espectro Autista TEA; en el documento se explica el caso investigado en una estudiante de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas – Ecuador, se muestran las orientaciones recibidas para trabajar este caso específico. La metodología que se utilizó para realizar la presente indagación fue deductiva-inductiva ya que permitió tener un mejor enfoque de la investigación, fue de gran utilidad para obtener información, permitiendo así la recolección de datos reales que se reflejan en este artículo, también se utilizó el método analítico-sintético para analizar los diferentes hechos y fenómenos relacionados con la problemática, la técnica de la observación fue utilizada para el registro de la evolución en el caso estudiado. El instrumento utilizado como parte de la intervención en esta investigación fueron las adaptaciones curriculares, en las que se describen las actividades a desarrollar según las recomendaciones emitidas por las áreas competentes como son la UDAI y DECE. Como resultado de la intervención, se ha logrado una mejor interacción con el entorno y adelantos en el desarrollo cognitivo y social de la estudiante.
Active Smokers and the risk of type 2 diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural area of kpk
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Hussain , Khan Atta Muhammad , Nowsherwan Nowsherwan , Abbass Muhammad , Ali Amjad , Ikram Qazi , Zaib Shah 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To determine the risk of type 2 diabetes among smoker patients in urban and rural area of kpk Pakistan.
Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted from July 2017 to September 2018 at the period of one year Department of diabetes and Endocrinology HMC Hospital, Peshawar. Total number of patients on this study 42 the patients had age ≥15 year, both gender and history of smoking. The subjects were recruited by non-probability convenient sample technique. The detailed history, physical examination and required laboratory tests were done. The data was collected on Performa. Among known diabetic patients itemized history was taken in regards to age at which smoking initiates, prescriptions utilized and if the illness was controlled. The available data was analyzed power by SPSS 21 version.
Results: During a one year study period absolute 42 patients had history of smoking were recruited and studied had mean age ± SD identified as 32.72±6.93 (yrs) with male gender predominance. Regarding residence the rural and urban population of kpk was identified as 22(58%) and 20(39%), hyperlipidemia 30(54%), duration of smoking (yrs) as <1 (16%), 1-3 (30%), 3-5 (34%) and (20%), the number of cigarettes smoked per day as <22(42%) and (58%), the co-morbids as COPD / asthma 20(40%), hypertension 25(42%), obesity 22(44%) and osteoporosis 16(32%) and diabetes mellitus as 34(68%) respectively.
Conclusion: The smoking is the risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in the two sexual orientations. The length of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked each day are straightforwardly relative to acquire type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Efficacy of Dapagliflozin & Metformin Vs Sitagliptin & Metformin in New patients with Type 2 Diabetic in HMC Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Hussain , Khan Muhamamd Naeem , Khan Atta Muhammad , Abbass Muhammad , Ikram Qazi , Hassan Javaid , Bibi Khadija , Zaib Shah 
Published: February 2022

Background: Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in combination with Metformin versus Sitagliptin in type 2 diabetic patients in hayat abad medical complex hospital Peshawar to check the efficacy of these anti Diabetic drug on patients and check the results of these two double combination drug using long tram and short tram treatment check effectiveness, safety side effects.
Purpose: Randomized Measured study in Department of diabetes and Endocrinology HMC Hospital, Peshawar after the hospital ethical committee approval for one year i.e. 12-11-2017 to 12-12-2018 check the efficy of dapagliflozin in combination with metformin versus sitagliptin local setting.
Methodology: three hundred subjects were selected via Hospital and opd, Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In Group-A, patients were given 100mg q.d sitagliptin plus 850 mg metformin twice a day. In Group-B, patients were given 10mg qd dapagliflozin plus 850mg metformin twice a day. Patients were followed up in OPD for 7/24 weeks. After 7/24 weeks, blood sample was obtained for assessment of HbA1c. Reports were measured and if HbA1c is < 6.0 then efficacy achieved. All this information was recorded on Performa.
Results: the efficacy dapagliflozin and metformin versus sitagliptin and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients shows that 105(35.5% in Group A and 81(25.5%) in Group-B had efficacy and p value was 0.10.
Conclusion: the study showed that Role of Efficacy of Metformin and Dapagliflozin is not significantly different when compared with Metformin and Sitagliptin in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patients.
Result of a standardized management protocol for chronic orchialgia and a suggested algorithm incorporating spermatic cord block, tender point block, microscopic vericocelectomy, and microscopic sub inguinal denervation.
Authors: Jan Mir Abid , Waqas Muhammad , Naveed Naveed , Qudrat Qudrat , Khan Ishan Ullah , Ikram Ikram , Opal Samiullah 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: We investigated Patients presenting with chronic orchialgia at Andrology in institute of kidney and diseases Peshawar, from 2003 August up to when were included.
Materials and Methods: A thorough history and physical examination was undertaken including description of pain by the patient in terms of site, severity, radiation and associated pain. Extensive workup, directed by history and phsical examination, was done to rule out reversible causes of orchalgia. All patients had urinalysis, culture and ultrasound scrotum with color Doppler. Further investigations like semen analysis, culture and hormonal workup were done if indicated. The intensity of the pain was noted according to visual analogue scale. Patients were subdivided into three groups as mild pain (group A, pain score=1 - 3), moderate pain (group B, pain score=4 - 6) and severe pain, (group C, pain score=7 - 10). Site of pain and radiation/association to any other region was recorded.
Finding: Results of the study indicated that 92 patients reported at institute of kidney diseases Peshawar with chronic orchialgia had their mean age at 37+/-4years. Five patients lost to followo 92 were included in final analysis (table 01). Pain was partially relieved in 14 patients and not relieved in another 9 patients which is almost 76% of total patients. These non-responders were compared with the remaining in which pain was completely relieved. There was no difference in etiology among responders and non-responders, however pain severity was more in non-responders at initial presentation (table 2).
Conclusions: Patients with pelvic floor muscle spasm are more likely to experience treatment failure following microscopic subinguinal spermatic cord denervation for chronic scrotal content pain, even with a favorable response to spermatic cord block. A history relating to pelvic floor muscle spasm should be taken for all patients presenting with chronic orchialgia or chronic scrotal content pain, and digital rectal exam should be performed if the history is suggestive. If underlying pelvic floor dysfunction exists, pelvic floor physical therapy can be offered to patients prior to spermatic cord denervation. History of prior vasectomy, epididymectomy, prior inguinal or scrotal surgery or other patient demographic factors were not associated with treatment failure.
Tree Appraisal: Can Depreciation Factors Be Rated Greater Than 100%?
Authors: Cullen Scott 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenerally accepted tree appraisal methods set forth in theGuide for Plant Appraisalemploy Species, Condition, and Location adjustment percentage factors. It is sometimes suggested that these factors may be rated greater than 100% in order to reflect a value greater than replacement cost. This article examines this proposition and concludes that while appealing in its apparent simplicity, the proposition is conceptually unsupported, confusing, and unnecessary. Alternatives are offered and citations are provided.
Tilia’s Physical Dimensions Over Time
Authors: Larsen Flemming Kjølstad , Kristoffersen Palle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTree height, trunk height, trunk diameter, crown base, and crown radius were measured on 331 trees growing in urban environments (Tilia cordata, T. europaea, T. euclora, andT. platyphyllos). Regression analyses revealed quadratic correlation between age and size for all relationships. Growth formulas and growth rates were derived and growth curves compiled. The results can be used for forecastingTilia’s physical dimensions as functions of time and environment and with it for planning and assessing the consequences ofTiliatree-planting schemes in urban environments. When implemented as a computer-aided design (CAD) application, these relationships can form the basis for dynamic illustration of a project.