bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy: Practical aspects of implementation
Authors: Pipe Steven W. , Reddy K. Rajender , Chowdary Pratima 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe first wave of gene therapies for haemophilia submitted for regulatory review utilize a liver‐directed approach in which a functional gene copy of factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) is packaged inside a recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector (rAAV). Following a single treatment event, these particles are taken up into liver cells, where the rAAV uncoats and delivers the DNA to the nucleus of the cell, where genetic elements that accompany the gene allow for efficient expression and secretion of FVIII or FIX protein into the plasma. An immune response to the vector capsid has been manifest by elevations in common liver enzymes that must be diligently followed postinfusion for weeks and months afterward and if signs of toxicity appear, will trigger a course of immunosuppression. Despite this, the studies have shown that this works in the great majority of individuals and the immunosuppression course is either avoided or short‐lived for many. Optimal outcomes in the haemophilia population will be dependent on proper screening assessment and maintenance of liver health prior to consideration of gene therapy, close short‐term follow up and implementation of immunomodulatory strategies to identify and manage liver toxicity and preserve durable transgene expression. This review proposes best practices to assist clinical teams with overcoming the challenges this platform of therapy poses to the traditional clinical care models and infrastructure within the haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) who will be coordinating the patient's journey through this potentially transformative therapy.
Adapting a codesign process with young people to prioritize outcomes for a systematic review of interventions to prevent self‐harm and suicide
Authors: Knowles Sarah , Sharma Vartika , Fortune Sarah , Wadman Ruth , Churchill Rachel , Hetrick Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch and clinical outcomes that matter to people with lived experience can significantly differ from those outcomes studied by researchers. To inform a future Cochrane review of suicide and self‐harm prevention interventions, we aimed to work with young people with relevant lived experience to agree on priority outcomes.DesignFour participatory codesign workshops were completed across two sites (New Zealand, United Kingdom) with 28 young people in total. We iteratively adapted the methods over the course of the study.Results‘Improved coping’ and ‘safer/more accepting environment to disclose’ were the final top‐rated outcomes. ‘Reduction of self‐harm’ was considered a low priority as it could be misleading, stigmatizing and was considered a secondary consequence of other improvements. In contrast to typical research outcomes, young people emphasized the diversity of experience, the dynamic nature of improvement and holistic and asset‐based framing. Methodologically, dialogue using design materials (personas) to thematically explore outcomes was effective in overcoming the initial challenge of disparate quantitative ratings.DiscussionThe results will directly inform the development of a Cochrane review, enabling identification of whether and how outcomes of most importance to young people are measured in trials. Rather than producing discrete measurable outcomes that could be easily added to the systematic review, the young people challenged the academic conceptualization of outcomes, with implications for future evidence synthesis and intervention research, and for future codesign.Patient or Public ContributionYoung people with lived experience were codesigners of the outcomes, and their feedback informed iterative changes to the study methods.
Assembly of alumina particles in aqueous suspensions induced by high‐frequency AC electric field
Authors: John James E. , Qian Shizhi , Ghosh Dipankar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe role of high‐frequency alternating current (AC) electric field in the assembly of alumina particles in aqueous media was investigated. Field–particle interactions were in situ investigated for coarse and fine powder particles in very dilute suspensions. For both coarse and fine particles, AC field‐induced assembly led to the formation of chains of particles within a minute, which were aligned in the field direction. However, a much finer network of particle chains evolved in fine particle suspensions. Threshold field strength for chain formation was also lower for fine particles (28 V/mm) than for coarse particles (50 V/mm), suggesting stronger interactions for finer particles. Chain length increased with both field strength and field duration. Chain formation was attributed to mutual dielectrophoretic (DEP) interaction forces. Increase in DEP forces with field strength resulted in enhanced interactions. For finer particles, decreasing interparticle distance might have favored stronger interactions. Suspension microstructure was disrupted as soon as the field was removed. However, higher field duration was associated with an improved pattern stability and retention following the field removal. Finally, particle motion was studied in deliberately applied spatially nonuniform AC field, which revealed different mechanisms of chain formation for coarse (negative‐DEP) and fine (positive‐DEP) particles.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by the consortium comprising the marine fungal filtrates of Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium hainanense along with their antimicrobial, antioxidant, larvicidal and anticancer potency
Authors: Thakor Rashmi , Mistry Harsh , Patel Hitesh , Jhala Devendrasinh , Parmar Nilam , Bariya Himanshu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
To biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fungal isolates [DS-2 (Penicillium oxalicum) and DW-8 (Fusarium hainanense)] as well as their mixed cell-free filtrate (CFF) acting as a consortium (DSW-28) and their bio-potentials.

Methods and Results
The fungi (DS-2 and DW-8) were harvested and CFF was prepared. CFF of each fungus and their mixture were reacted with silver nitrate solution under dark conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs. The UV–Visible spectra determined the surface plasmon resonance at 438, 441 and 437 nm for the AgNPs synthesized by DS-2, DW-8 and DSW-28, respectively. The band gap energy was found between 2.21 and 2.24 eV which depicted their ability to act as a semiconductor. The TEM imaging revealed the spherical shape and small size of AgNPs. The XRD pattern exhibited the crystalline structure corresponding to their peaks. The FTIR spectra indicate the presence of different functional groups present on the surface of AgNPs. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was exhibited by AgNPs. The AgNPs also act as an effective antioxidant by depicting their radical scavenging activity against DPPH. Moreover, the AgNPs also inhibited the growth of fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus more efficiently in a dose-dependent method. The biosynthesized AgNPs from DSW-28 showed a significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion
The silver nanoparticles synthesized by the CFF of two different fungi act synergistically in a consortium leading towards the production of silver nanoparticles with smaller size and higher bioactivity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The impressive bioactivity of the silver nanoparticles synthesized by the mixture of CFF of various fungi acting as a consortium recommends their prospective use in agriculture as well as in biomedical as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, larvicidal and anticancer agents in future.
Validating Performance Standards via Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Binici Salih , Cuhadar Ismail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractValidity of performance standards is a key element for the defensibility of standard setting results, and validating performance standards requires collecting multiple pieces of evidence at every step during the standard setting process. This study employs a statistical procedure, latent class analysis, to set performance standards and compares latent class analysis results with previously established performance standards via the modified‐Angoff method for cross‐validation. The context of the study is an operational large‐scale science assessment administered in one of the southern states in the United States. Results show that the number of classes that emerged in the latent class analysis concurs with the number of existing performance levels. In addition, there is a substantial level of agreement between latent class analysis results and modified‐Angoff method in terms of classifying students into the same performance levels. Overall, the findings establish evidence for the validity of the performance standards identified via the modified‐Angoff method. Practical implications of the study findings are discussed.
Ultrastructure of selected life history stages of the parasitic dinoflagellate Euduboscquella cachoni
Authors: Coats D. Wayne , Moon Eunyoung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEuduboscquella species differ from most other syndinean dinoflagellates by having mononucleate trophonts, but resemble species of Amoebophrya and Sphaeripara by episome‐hyposome differentiation and cortical complexity. Cytology and development of Euduboscquella species are well characterized, but their ultrastructure remains essentially unexplored. Transmission electron microscopy of Euduboscquella cachoni trophonts, tomont, and sporocytes revealed previously unrecognized structures. Initially dense, fibrous chromosomes uncoiled during early infection, with condensed chromosomes absent over much of the growth cycle recondensing at trophont maturity. The hyposomal amphiesma was two appressed membranes, the episomal cortex was alveolate, and a supraepisomal cavity limited by membrane enclosed the episome. Pseudopod‐like extensions of the hyposome during mid infection may facilitate osmotrophic nutrition. The pharyngeal lamina appears to lack ingestatory function; however, transcortical transport of particles occurred via the supraepisomal cavity and episomal micropores. Microtubules originating from the electron‐opaque perinema bordering the episome, formed an episomal skeleton hypothesized to function with the pharyngeal lamina, perinema, and the paired membranes of the supraepisomal cavity to effect parasite egress and ingestion of host material. Trichocysts absent during early infection developed during late infection and reached maturity during sporogenesis, suggesting functional importance in spore survival or infection.
Nile tilapia TRIM39 recruits I3K413 and I3KL45 as adaptors and is involved in the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Gao Feng‐ying , Zhou Xin , Lu Mai‐xin , Wang Miao , Liu Zhi‐gang , Cao Jiang‐meng , Ke Xiao‐li , Yi Meng‐meng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTripartite motif (TRIM) proteins play a regulatory function in cancer, cell apoptosis and innate immunity. To understand the role of TRIM39 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), TRIM39 cDNA was isolated. The total length of TRIM39 cDNA was 5025 bp. The deduced OnTRIM39 protein contains 549 amino acids and has conserved domains of the TRIM family, which are the RING, B‐box, coiled‐coil and PRY‐SPRY domains. OnTRIM39 mRNA was widely expressed in various tissues. After challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae and stimulation with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the amount of OnTRIM39 transcript was changed in various tested tissues. OnTRIM39 overexpression increased NF‐κB activity. OnTRIM39 was present in the cytoplasm. Mass spectrometry of proteins pulled down with recombinant OnTRIM39 showed that 250 proteins potentially interact with OnTRIM39. The authors selected I3K4I3 from the 250 candidate proteins to verify its interaction with TRIM39. They also selected I3KL45, a member of the same 14‐3‐3 protein family, to verify its interaction with TRIM39. The results of pull‐down assays showed that OnTRIM39 interacted with both I3K413 and I3KL45. These results contribute to further study of the innate immune mechanism of tilapia.
Assessing the effect of probiotics on tilapia lake virus‐infected tilapia: Transmission and immune response
Authors: Yang Ying‐Fei , Yamkasem Jidapa , Surachetpong Win , Lin Yi‐Jun , You Shu‐Han , Lu Tien‐Hsuan , Chen Chi‐Yun , Wang Wei‐Min , Liao Chung‐Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProbiotics have been used to alleviate disease transmission in aquaculture. However, there are limited studies on probiotic use in modulating tilapia lake virus (TiLV). We assessed commercially available probiotic supplements used in TiLV‐infected tilapia and performed mortality and cohabitation assays. We developed a mechanistic approach to predict dose–response interactions of probiotic effects on mortality and immune gene response. We used a susceptible–infected–mortality disease model to assess key epidemiological parameters such as transmission rate and basic reproduction number (R0) based on our viral load dynamic data. We found that the most marked benefits of probiotics are significantly associated with immune system enhancements (~30%) and reductions in disease transmission (~80%) andR0(~70%) in tilapia populations, resulting in a higher tolerance of farming densities (~400 fold) in aquaculture. These findings provide early insights as to how probiotic use‐related factors may influence TiLV transmission and the immune responses in TiLV‐infected tilapia. Our study facilitates understanding the mode of action of probiotics in disease containment and predicting better probiotic dosages in diet and supplements to achieve the optimal culturing conditions. Overall, our analysis assures that further study of rationally designed and targeted probiotics, or mechanistic modelling is warranted on the basis of promising early data of this approach.
The Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Psychedelic Medicines Within Midwifery Practice
Authors: Stein Cindy A. , Penn Andrew , Van Hope Stephanie , Dorsen Caroline G. , Mangini Mariavittoria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe research and use of psychedelic medicines to treat common mental health disorders has increased substantially in the past 2 decades. At the same time, knowledge is relatively uncommon among midwives regarding (1) the relative benefits of psychedelic‐assisted therapy, (2) best practices associated with the delivery of psychedelic‐assisted therapy, and (3) responsible integration of this potentially useful intervention into mental health treatment plans. The purpose of this review is to describe current applications of psychedelic medicines to treat common mental health disorders, to describe the current legal status of these medicines used in this context, and to explore the potential for midwifery practice in this area with further training. This article also addresses the disparities regarding LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC populations in relation to this topic and their historical exclusion from research and treatment access in this field.
Plicidentine in the oral fangs of parrotfish (Scarinae, Labriformes)
Authors: Viviani Jérémie , LeBlanc Aaron , Rurua Vahine , Mou Teiva , Liao Vetea , Lecchini David , Galzin René , Viriot Laurent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParrotfish play important ecological roles in coral reef and seagrass communities across the globe. Their dentition is a fascinating object of study from an anatomical, functional and evolutionary point of view. Several species maintained non‐interlocked dentition and browse on fleshy algae, while others evolved a characteristic beak‐like structure made of a mass of coalesced teeth that they use to scrape or excavate food off hard limestone substrates. While parrotfish use their highly specialized marginal teeth to procure their food, they can also develop a series of large fangs that protrude from the upper jaw, and more rarely from the lower jaw. These peculiar fangs do not participate in the marginal dentition and their function remains unclear. Here we describe the morphology of these fangs and their developmental relationship to the rest of the oral dentition in the marbled parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis), the star‐eye parrotfish (Calotomus carolinus), and the palenose parrotfish (Scarus psittacus). Through microtomographic and histological analyses, we show that some of these fangs display loosely folded plicidentine along their bases, a feature that has never been reported in parrotfish. Plicidentine is absent from the marginal teeth and is therefore exclusive to the fangs. Parrotfish fangs develop a particular type of simplexodont plicidentine with a pulpal infilling of alveolar bone at later stages of dental ontogeny. The occurrence of plicidentine and evidence of extensive tooth wear, and even breakage, lead us to conclude that the fangs undergo frequent mechanical stress, despite not being used to acquire food. This strong mechanical stress undergone by fangs could be linked either to forced contact with congeners or with the limestone substrate during feeding. Finally, we hypothesize that the presence of plicidentine in parrotfish is not derived from a labrid ancestor, but is probably a recently evolved trait in some parrotfish taxa, which may even have evolved convergently within this subfamily.
Effect of Different Customized Abutment Types on Stress Distribution in Implant‐Supported Single Crown: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Pumnil Suphakrit , Rungsiyakull Pimduen , Rungsiyakull Chaiy , Elsaka Shaymaa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to investigate stress distribution among 4 different customized abutment types: titanium abutment (Ti), titanium hybrid‐abutment‐crown (Ti‐Hybrid), zirconia abutment with titanium base (Zir‐TiBase), and zirconia hybrid‐abutment‐crown with titanium base (Zir‐Hybrid‐TiBase).Materials and methodsTo achieve this purpose, 4 types of abutment configurations were simulated. A static load of 200 N (vertical) and 100 N (oblique) were applied to the models. The volume average, maximum, and stress distribution of von Mises stress, including percentage difference, were analyzed with 3D finite element analysis.ResultsAccording to the volume average von Mises stress, the Ti and Zir‐TiBase comparison group showed that the Zir‐TiBase group dominantly generated the higher value at Ti‐base (22.57 MPa) and screw (17.68 MPa). To evaluate the effect of the hybrid‐abutment‐crown on volume average von Mises stress by comparing the Ti‐Hybrid and Zir‐Hybrid‐TiBase groups, it was revealed that the combination of abutment and crown in the Ti‐Hybrid group generated the worst stress concentration at the screw (12.42 MPa), while in the Zir‐Hybrid‐TiBase group presented stress concentration at the implant (8.90 MPa).ConclusionsA titanium base improved stress distribution at implant in zirconia abutment with titanium base by absorbing stress itself. Customized titanium hybrid‐abutment‐crown and zirconia hybrid‐abutment‐crown with titanium base created concentrated stress at screw and implant; respectively. Both abutment types should be cautiously used and maintenanced regularly.
Is pre‐operative imaging of external angular dermoid cysts in children necessary?
Authors: Mead Jessica , Kirkpatrick Joshua , Murdoch Jean , Stringer Mark D 
Published: May 2022

AimTo investigate the frequency and modality of pre‐operative imaging in children with an external angular dermoid cyst and whether this influenced subsequent management.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken to assess the presentation, investigation, treatment and outcomes in children aged less than 16 years with an external angular dermoid cyst. All children who underwent external angular dermoid cyst excision between January 2008 and April 2021 at a regional children's hospital were analysed.ResultsSixty‐one patients (32 boys) were identified. Fifty‐four were managed by paediatric surgeons and seven by ophthalmic surgeons. Pre‐operative imaging was performed in 19 (31%) patients, including plain radiographs (3), ultrasound scan (14), computerised tomography scan (1), and magnetic resonance imaging scan (2). None of these investigations showed evidence of an intracranial or orbital extension of the cyst or changed management. All cysts were excised under day‐case general anaesthesia. There was one minor postoperative complication and two recurrences.ConclusionsExternal angular dermoid cysts rarely communicate through the bone with the orbit or anterior cranial fossa. Routine pre‐operative imaging is unnecessary unless there are clinical features such as an atypical location (e.g. temporal), eye signs (e.g. strabismus, proptosis and globe displacement) or a draining sinus.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the density of Borrelia burgdorferi‐infected Ixodes ricinus ticks across a landscape: A 5‐year study in southern England
Authors: Medlock Jolyon M. , Vaux Alexander G. C. , Gandy Sara , Cull Benjamin , McGinley Liz , Gillingham Emma , Catton Matthew , Pullan Steven T. , Hansford Kayleigh M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe density of Borrelia burgdorferi‐infected Ixodes ricinus nymphs (DIN) was investigated during 2013–2017 across a Lyme disease‐endemic landscape in southern England. The density of nymphs (DON), nymph infection prevalence (NIP), and DIN varied across five different natural habitats, with the highest DIN in woodland edge and high biodiversity woodlands. DIN was significantly lower in scrub grassland compared to the woodland edge, with low DON and no evidence of infection in ticks in non‐scrub grassland. Over the 5 years, DON, NIP and DIN were comparable within habitats, except in 2014, with NIP varying three‐fold and DIN significantly lower compared to 2015–2017. Borrelia garinii was most common, with bird‐associated Borrelia (B. garinii/valaisiana) accounting for ~70% of all typed sequences. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was more common than B. afzelii. Borrelia afzelii was more common in scrub grassland than woodland and absent in some years. The possible impact of scrub on grazed grassland, management of ecotonal woodland margins with public access, and the possible role of birds/gamebirds impacting NIP are discussed. Mean NIP was 7.6%, highlighting the potential risk posed by B. burgdorferi in this endemic area. There is a need for continued research to understand its complex ecology and identify strategies for minimizing risk to public health, through habitat/game management and public awareness.