bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Contamination of Intensive Care Units, Sana’a City, Yemen, 2019
Authors: Al Amad Mohammed , Al Shargabi Intesar Abdulsalam , Nasher Samar , Al-Haidari Sami Ahmed , Al-Dubaiee Riham , Moghalles Suaad Ameen , Al Moayad Khaled Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Background
Bacterial contamination of the intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the risk factors responsible for the high incidence of nosocomial infections that can significantly increase the mortality among ICU patients.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination and pathogen isolates from the ICU environment of hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in Sana’a city hospitals from December 5 to December 15, 2019. All hospitals that frequently reported mortality among ICU patients were included. A sterile swab moistened in sterile normal saline was used for sample collection. Seven ICU sites were targeted, including the patient’s bed, bedside table, masks of the oxygen-supplying apparatus, intravenous (IV) stand, door knob, wall, and floor, and two samples from each site were collected. The samples were transported to the National Center of Public Health Laboratory for microbiological culture.

Results
A total of 112 swabs were collected from the ICUs of eight hospitals. Among these, 87 (77.7%) yielded positive bacterial growth and 109 bacterial strains were isolated, including 62.4% (n=68) gram-positive and 37.6% (n=41) gram-negative bacteria. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were the predominant gram-positive bacteria isolated, which accounted for 27.5% (n=30), 21.1% (n=23), and 10.1% (n=11) of all 109 bacterial isolates, respectively. Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, and Acinetobacter were the main gram-negative isolates obtained, accounting for 12.8% (n=14), 12.8% (n=14), and 11.9% (n=13) of all 109 bacterial isolates, respectively. The common contaminated sites were the patients’ beds/bedside tables (40/109 strains, 36.7%), floors (24/109 strains, 22.0%), walls (15/109 strains, 13.8%), and masks of the oxygen-supplying apparatus (12/109 strains, 11.0%). The door knobs and IV stands were contaminated by 9 strains, representing 8.3% of the total isolated bacteria.

Conclusions
The contamination of ICU environments was high and patients’ surroundings were the most contaminated areas. Implementations of strict quality standards of hygienic practices and effective cleaning of inanimate surfaces by the hospitals’ infection control units along with periodic monitoring by the health authority are highly recommended.
Las empresas ante la web 2.0
Authors: Lasida Felipe 
Published: February 2022

Webs institucionales, redes sociales, blogs, campañas virales y transacciones online , son algunas de las posibilidades de desarrollo que tienen las empresas con Internet. ¿Qué uso le dan a la red los empresarios uruguayos? ¿Qué expectativas tienen en torno a la herramienta? ¿La comunicación digital está sustituyendo los canales tradicionales? El siguiente artículo responde estas y otras preguntas, a partir de los resultados de la investigación El uso de Internet en la comunicación de las empresas con sus clientes , realizada en Uruguay en el año 2008.
Imágenes vivas sobre fotos fijas. Fotograma: Encuentro Internacional de Fotografía 2009
Authors: Dixit Redacción 
Published: February 2022

Desde el primer día de octubre y hasta el 22 de diciembre, tuvo lugar en nuestro país la segunda edición de Fotograma, el Encuentro Internacional de Fotografía que organiza cada dos años el Centro Municipal de Fotografía (CMDF) de la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo (IMM).
MODEL TATA KELOLA PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA (PKL) DI KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Lubis Tona Aurora , . Erwita , Sarah Raja 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to reveal the governance of street vendors, based on the street vendors’ profiles namely finance, marketing, human resource and operational management in Jambi City. Those indicators will later be formulated to be a comprehensif model of street vendors governance. This research used mixed method, firstly used sequential exploratory designthen qualitative and quantitative method. In qualitative method, this research uses Interpretive Phenomenology, and Partial Least Square (PLS) for the quantitative method. The result of this research shows that the finance, marketing and human resource management have effect on street vendors governance, however, operational management has no effect.Keywords: street vendors, governance, finance, marketing, human resource, operational
BEWARE OF SCHOOLS BEARING GIFTS
Authors: Táíwò Olúfẹ́mi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent publication How Propaganda Works uses flawed ideologies to explain how propaganda works. I introduce the system of miseducation as an alternative, adapted from Carter G. Woodson’s The Mis-Education of the Negro. Miseducation explains instances of propaganda considered in the book but also another kind altogether, which I term Trojan horse propaganda. I consider the possibility that flawed social structures can themselves exert propagandistic effects, independent of any particular pattern of doxastic uptake by the individuals in that society. If so, this would suggest moving from analyses of how propaganda affects individuals’ beliefs and toward analyses of propaganda’s practical effects, and would count in favor of activist approaches that make strategic use of sites of epistemic power.
AN EXISTENTIALIST ANALYSIS OF “STAND YOUR GROUND” LAWS
Authors: Engels Kimberly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stand your ground laws (SYG) allow an individual to use deadly force against a perceived attacker anywhere that he or she has a legal right to be, without the requirement to attempt retreat before using deadly force. This article offers an analysis of SYG laws through a Sartrean existentialist lens. Drawing off existing empirical research and case examples, I make three claims: First, SYG laws have existential import to the extent that they influence individuals’ beliefs, behavior, and judgments. Second, this existential import makes individuals more likely to perceive situations as threatening and find reasons to be afraid. Third, the phenomenological experience of negative emotions such as fear and anger affects our ability to make careful and reasoned judgments regarding the amount of threat we face. I build my case for these three claims using Sartre’s concept of fundamental project, or the image of self used to organize one’s existential possibilities. I also use Sartre’s phenomenological account of emotion and Robert Solomon’s account of emotion, which has Sartrean roots. I argue that, based on my analysis, the right to use self-defense should include the duty to retreat when possible.
POLICING, PROTEST, AND RIGHTS
Authors: Smith William 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Protest policing is increasingly characterized by an escalation in the use of preventive measures, reflected in the global diffusion of a cluster of tactics that are geared toward enhancing police control over protest. This paper presents an interpretation of the right to protest that includes a moral claim against such efforts at prevention, while also envisaging a number of circumstances where such a claim might be legitimately overridden. It goes on to contend that, even in such circumstances, the preventive tactics employed by police must satisfy stringent tests of proportionality, liability, and necessity. The paper concludes by calling for a return to a reformulated version of the so-called “negotiated management” approach that emerged during the 1980s and 1990s.
FLIP-FLOPPING IN A REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Authors: Sonderholm Jorn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses an important question in normative political theory—Main Question: In a representative democracy, can a member of a legislature legitimately flip-flop and vote in accordance with the majority view on Issue when she—prior to getting knowledge, through a referendum result, of what the majority view is on Issue—has defended and recommended to voters a view that is logically inconsistent with the majority view? This paper defends an affirmative answer to the Main Question. The last section raises the question of whether the trustee view of what obligations a legislator has in a representative democracy toward her constituents is mistaken. An alternative to the trustee view is presented and discussed, and it is concluded that this alternative view is implausible.
WHY NOT SOCIALISM
Authors: Joshi Hrishikesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to G. A. Cohen, the principles of justice are insensitive to facts about human moral limitations. This assumption allows him to mount a powerful defense of socialism. Here, I present a dilemma for Cohen. On the one hand, if such socialism is to be realized through collective property ownership, then the information problem renders the ideal incoherent, not merely infeasible. On the other hand, if socialism is to incorporate private ownership of productive assets, then Cohen loses the resources to distinguish his view from capitalism. For, if agents were ideally motivated, there would be no need for coercive taxation schemes and limitations on trade. Moreover, incorporating coercion drastically undermines Cohen’s original argument for socialism, which relies on an analogy to a camping trip among friends.
AGAINST RECATEGORIZING PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE
Authors: Reed Philip A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing trend among some physicians, psychiatrists, bioethicists, and other mental health professionals not to treat physician-assisted suicide (PAS) as suicide. The grounds for doing so are that PAS fundamentally differs from other suicides. Perhaps most notably, in 2017 the American Association of Suicidology argued that PAS is distinct from the behavior that their organization seeks to prevent. This paper compares and contrasts suicide and PAS in order to see how much overlap there is. Contrary to the emerging view that emphasizes their differences, I argue that there is significant overlap such that we ought not to separate PAS into its own category, making it diverge from how we think about and address suicide more generally. I start by examining several prominent theories of suicide and argue that PAS fits squarely within them. I then examine several apparent differences between PAS and other kinds of suicide and argue that these differences are merely apparent or they do not justify treating PAS as a fundamentally different kind of thing from suicide.
THE RIGHT TO INQUIRE INTO THE PERSONAL WORLDVIEWS OF CANDIDATES FOR POLITICAL OFFICE
Authors: Robson Gregory 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChallenging popular and philosophical views, I argue for three main claims. First, political leaders’ worldviews have a deep and underappreciated influence on their official conduct. Second, citizens have a robust claim right to inquire into leaders’ worldviews, and leaders have a corresponding moral duty to provide responses to such inquiries. Third, it is worthwhile for citizens to engage in such inquiry. A citizenry that took this argument seriously would engage in far more searching political inquiry.
BLAME IN THE AFTERMATH OF EXCUSED WRONGDOING
Authors: Piovarchy Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractControl accounts of moral responsibility argue that agents must possess certain capacities in order to be blameworthy for wrongdoing. This is sometimes thought to have revisionary consequences, because reflection on our moral practices reveals that we often blame many agents who lack these capacities. This paper argues that Control accounts of moral responsibility are not too revisionary, nor too permissive, because they can still demand quite a lot from excused wrongdoers. Excused wrongdoers can acquire duties of reconciliation, which require that they improve themselves, make reparations for the harm caused, and retract the meaning expressed in the original wrong. Failure to do these things expresses a lack of regard for the victims and can make those wrongdoers appropriate targets of blame.
EDITORIAL MISCONDUCT
Authors: Baylis Françoise , Cattapan Alana , Snow Dave 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article interrogates the nature of editorial privilege and authorial integrity in peer-reviewed academic journals. Focusing on the authors’ experience with publishing a letter critiquing high-profile authors in a high-profile journal, the article identifies key concerns with (i) the time it took to complete the peer-review process, (ii) the failure to provide the authors with the peer-review reports, and (iii) the decision to rewrite our text instead of allowing us to respond to the peer-review comments. Our experience suggests that despite the existence of editorial codes of conduct, encroachments on authorial integrity still occur, and the lines between helpful copyediting and unhelpful rewriting of an article are not always clear.
NEUTRALITY, RELEVANCE, PRESCRIPTION, AND THE IPCC
Authors: Havstad Joyce C. , Brown Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that its assessment reports are "policy-relevant and yet policy-neutral, never policy-prescriptive." Here, we investigate the meaning of that statement and conclude that at least one of the components within the statement—the claim to policy-neutrality—is extremely misleading. Misunderstandings of this neutrality claim have resulted in harm to the IPCC’s efforts and image. In an effort to help the IPCC restore its credibility, we explore possible interpretations of "neutrality," expose likely sources of misunderstanding, and suggest a plausible way of interpreting the term that is both defensible as a goal and fits with the IPCC’s actual activities. Future science advising efforts should carefully choose how they present their aims, to avoid the confusions created by unfortunate connotations of "neutrality."
FORTIFYING THE SELF-DEFENSE JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT
Authors: Cogley Zac 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
David Boonin has recently advanced several challenges to the self-defense justification of punishment. Boonin argues that the self-defense justification of punishment justifies punishing the innocent, justifies disproportionate punishment, cannot account for mitigating excuses, and does not justify intentionally harming offenders as we do when we punish them. In this paper, I argue that the self-defense justification, suitably understood, can avoid all of these problems. To help demonstrate the self-defense theory’s attraction, I also develop some contrasts between the self-defense justification, Warren Quinn’s better-known "auto-retaliator" argument, and desert-based justifications of punishment. In sum, I show that the self-defense justification of punishment is more resilient than commonly supposed and deserves to be taken seriously as a justification of punishment.
Biomedyczne właściwości chitozanu – zastosowanie w inżynierii tkankowej Biomedical properties of chitosan: Application in tissue engineering
Authors: Sikora Monika , Wiśniewska-Wrona Maria , Arabski Michał 
Published: February 2022

Abstrakt
Inżynieria tkankowa to interdyscyplinarna dziedzina badań, która stosuje zasady inżynierii i nauk przyrodniczych do opracowywania substytutów biologicznych, przywracania, utrzymywania lub poprawy funkcji tkanek. Łączy medycy-nę kliniczną, inżynierię mechaniczną, materiałoznawstwo i biologię molekularną. Chitozan jest związkiem, który może być stosowany na szeroką skalę w biomedycynie, m.in. jako nośnik leków, nici chirurgiczne, materiały opatrunkowe przeznaczone do przyspieszonego gojenia ran oraz rusztowania komórkowe w inżynierii tkankowej. Chitozon spełnia najważniejsze kryteria dla biomateriałów, m.in. kompatybilność, odpowiednie właściwości mechaniczne, morfologia i porowatość, nietoksyczność i biodegradowalność. Rusztowania chitozanowe mogą sprzyjać adhezji, różnicowaniu i proliferacji na powierzchni komórek. Z chitozanu można tworzyć różne formy funkcjonalne w zależności od potrzeb i wymagań, w tym: hydrożele 3D, gąbki 3D, folie i membrany oraz nanowłókna. Ze względu na unikalne właściwości fizykochemiczne biopolimer ten może być również wykorzystany do oczyszczania białek terapeutycznych z endotoksyn bakteryjnych, co jest dziś istotnym problemem w oczyszczaniu produktu końcowego w zastosowaniach medycznych. Obecnie terapie oparte na białkach rekombinowanych znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w terapiach celowanych, inżynierii tkankowej oraz szeroko pojętej medycynie regeneracyjnej. Dlatego tak ważny jest współistniejący, dobrze zapro-jektowany system oczyszczania produktu białkowego, który nie zmieni swoich zasadniczych właściwości. Artykuł jest przeglądem aktualnych badań nad zastosowaniem materiałów bioaktywnych na bazie chitozanu w medycynie regene-racyjnej różnych tkanek i narządów (m.in. tkanki chrzęstnej i kostnej, tkanki skórnej czy tkanki nerwowej).
Visualized calculation of regional power grid power data based on multiple linear regression equation
Authors: Chen Kun , Wang Xinhua , Alghazzawi Daniyal M. , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The power generation of distributed power generation systems in regional power grids is mainly affected by external environmental factors, and there are volatility and intermittent power generation issues. This paper establishes a relatively simple multiple linear regression prediction model to predict grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems. The article uses a hybrid modelling method to filter more important weather forecast input variables through a step-by-step linear regression method to realize the visual calculation of power data. The research results show that the multiple linear regression equation methods proposed in the article have pervasive application value in the actual application of solar photovoltaic power consumption data.
Distribution network monitoring and management system based on intelligent recognition and judgement
Authors: Xue Yiwei , Sun Qizhen , Li Chendi , Dang Weijun , Hao Fangzhou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on the shortcomings of the current intelligent management of distribution networks, the article designs and implements a remote intelligent detection system for live distribution networks. The article constructs and realises an algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and agent system. The algorithm is applied to energy-saving intelligent supervision of equipment in the distribution network. The simulation experiment shows that the integrated algorithm based on GA and agent system can accurately detect power quality in real time. At the same time, the algorithm can monitor the energy consumption of equipment in the distribution network under multiple disturbances.
Research on motion capture of dance training pose based on statistical analysis of mathematical similarity matching
Authors: Chen Qingwen , Albarakati Abdullah , Gui Lanlan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the combination of motion capture technology and teaching, based on dance teaching, this paper proposes a dance posture analysis method based on feature vector matching and applies it to dance teaching.. The main research work includes the following: (1) according to the characteristics of human motion poses-free editing, extracting human skeleton models, establishing a human motion model database, analysing the application of motion capture systems in dance training, and proposing a method of feature plane similarity matching to calculate model components and motion parameters. After verification, the method has high accuracy and robustness for the analysis of human posture, so that dancers can accurately compare the differences with standard dance movements, and provide theoretical support for scientific dance training. (2) Aiming at the complexity of learning dance, a dance teaching method based on motion capture technology is proposed. Using motion capture technology, a whole complex dance movement is decomposed into many small segments to make a teaching animation, which guides students to learn based on small dance movement. Imitation makes the abstract theory vivid, intuitive and easy to understand, which is conducive for the innovation of education and teaching methods.
Review on Fabrication and Application of Regenerated Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Materials
Authors: Wang Ke , Ma Qian , Zhou Hong-Tao , Zhao Ju-Mei , Cao Miao , Wang Shu-Dong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Natural silk fiber derived from the Bombyx mori (B. mori) silkworm has long been used as a luxury raw material in textile industry because of its shimmering appearance and durability, and as surgical suture for its high strength and flexibility. Regenerated silk fibroin, as the main protein extracted from the cocoons of the B. mori silkworm, recently has gained considerable attention due to its outstanding properties, including facile processability, superior biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation, and versatile functionalization. Tremendous effort has been made to fabricate silk fibroin into various promising materials with controlled structural and functional characteristics for advanced utilities in a multitude of biomedical applications, flexible optics, electronics devices, and filtration systems. Herein, reverse engineered silk fibroin extraction methods are reviewed, recent advances in extraction techniques are discussed. Fabrication methods of silk fibroin materials in various formats are also addressed in detail; in particular, progress in new fabrication technologies is presented. Attractive applications of silk fibroin-based materials are then summarized and highlighted. The challenges faced by current approaches in production of silk fibroin-based materials and future directions acquired for pushing these favorable materials further toward above mentioned applications are further elaborated.
Disposal: What Do We Do With A Dead Body?1
Authors: Lampard John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article looks at the different ways in which dead human bodies are disposed of in modern society, particularly in Britain, and examines the social, theological, liturgical, and practical issues they raise for the Christian Church. It argues that the churches have failed to reflect theologically on cremation. In particular, it argues that ashes remain part of the body and should be treated with equal respect; the ashes of a Christian should be buried. Finally, it looks at the effect of the COVID pandemic on funeral practices.
Discernment or Direction: Dancing with the Spirit as we step out in Mission The Fernley-Hartley Lecture, 2019
Authors: Cox-Darling Joanne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article draws from the developments in pneumatology, especially in respect to how the Spirit calls God’s people into mission and missional endeavour, in order to offer a critical insight into how the Fresh Expressions movement continues to equip the church to live faithfully. To do this, the article utilises research from ecumenical partners in mission in the UK, before arguing that Fresh Expressions (as an organisation as well as a set of principles and practices), has inherited much from the work of the Holy Spirit, but had not gone far enough to draw further conclusions or to self-resource itself from a strong pneumato-missional perspective.