bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interRAI derived frailty index predicts acute hospitalizations in older adults residing in retirement villages: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Bloomfield Katherine , Wu Zhenqiang , Tatton Annie , Calvert Cheryl , Peel Nancye , Hubbard Ruth , Jamieson Hamish , Hikaka Joanna , Boyd Michal , Bramley Dale , Connolly Martin J. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The development of frailty tools from electronically recorded healthcare data allows frailty assessments to be routinely generated, potentially beneficial for individuals and healthcare providers. We wished to assess the predictive validity of a frailty index (FI) derived from interRAI Community Health Assessment (CHA) for outcomes in older adults residing in retirement villages (RVs), elsewhere called continuing care retirement communities.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting and participants
34 RVs across two district health boards in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). 577 participants, mean age 81 years; 419 (73%) female; 410 (71%) NZ European, 147 (25%) other European, 8 Asian (1%), 7 Māori (1%), 1 Pasifika (<1%), 4 other (<1%).

Methods
interRAI-CHA FI tool was used to stratify participants into fit (0–0.12), mild (>0.12–0.24), moderate (>0.24–0.36) and severe (>0.36) frail groups at baseline (the latter two grouped due to low numbers of severely frail). Primary outcome was acute hospitalization; secondary outcomes included long-term care (LTC) entry and mortality. The relationship between frailty and outcomes were explored with multivariable Cox regression, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

Results
Over mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 33% (69/209) of fit, 58% (152/260) mildly frail and 79% (85/108) moderate-severely frail participants at baseline had at least one acute hospitalization. Compared to the fit group, significantly increased risk of acute hospitalization were identified in mildly frail (adjusted HR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.41–2.51, p<0.001) and moderate-severely frail (adjusted HR = 3.52, 95%CI = 2.53–4.90, p<0.001) groups. Similar increased risk in moderate-severely frail participants was seen in LTC entry (adjusted HR = 5.60 95%CI = 2.47–12.72, p<0.001) and mortality (adjusted HR = 5.06, 95%CI = 1.71–15.02, p = 0.003).

Conclusions and implications
The FI derived from interRAI-CHA has robust predictive validity for acute hospitalization, LTC entry and mortality. This adds to the growing literature of use of interRAI tools in this way and may assist healthcare providers with rapid identification of frailty.
Investigation of the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of Porana sinensis Hemsl. Against rheumatoid arthritis using network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhao Lintao , Li Ning , Yang Yuanyuan , Qu Tong , Ren Hui , Cui Xiaomin , Tao Hongxun , Chen Zhiyong , Peng Yu 
Published: March 2022

Background
Porana sinensis Hemsl. has been widely used as a substitute for Erycibes Caulis to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, little is known about the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms that mediate the action of P. sinensis against RA.

Methods
The compounds contained in P. sinensis were analyzed by Q Exactive Focus mass spectrometer. The active constituents and pharmacological mechanism of P. sinensis against RA were clarified using a network pharmacology-based investigation. LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was used to verify anti-inflammatory effects of the active compounds screened by network pharmacology. Collagen-induced arthritis model was used to further investigate the mechanism of P. sinensis against RA.

Results
The potential components and targets of P. sinensis against RA were analyzed using network pharmacology, and five compounds, twenty-five targets, and eight pathways were identified. Experimental validation suggested that P. sinensis extract and five compounds (esculetin, umbelliferone, trans-N-feruloyltyramine, caffeic acid and scopolin) could inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell. P. sinensis extract attenuated the severity, pathological changes, and release of cytokines (IL-6 and HIF-1α) during RA progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1 pathways.

Conclusion
The study provides a basis for the application of P. sinensis against RA. Our findings may provide suggestions for developing P. sinensis into a substitute for Erycibes Caulis.
Association between integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs) use with insulin resistance and incident diabetes mellitus in persons living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Mulindwa Frank , Kamal Habiba , Castelnuovo Barbara , Bollinger Robert C. , Schwarz Jean-Marc , Brussealers Nele 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Poeple living with HIV have higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic perturbations compared to non-HIV populations. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome co-morbidities add significant burden to HIV care. Currently, WHO recommends integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) as the first or second line therapy in people with HIV due to overall good tolerability and safety profile. However, whether INSTI use increases the risk of incident diabetes (with or without metabolic syndrome) compared to other anti-retroviral therapies (ART) is controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to examine this risk in HIV-positive populations receiving INSTIs compared to other ART regimens (not containing INSTIs).

Methods and analysis
The study will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. This protocol adheres to the Standard Protocol Items for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses checklist. Eligibility criteria will be original peer-reviewed published articles and conference abstracts with no language or geographical restriction; that report the ocurrence of diabetes mellitus as a discrete outcome or part of metabolic syndrome, in adult PLWHIV receiving INSTIs compared to other ART regimens. PubMed/ Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched from 1st- January-2000 to 31st—January-2022. Per our a priori, screening, inclusion and data extraction will be conducted separately by two investigators, and a senior researcher will be consulted in case of disagreement. The quality of included studies will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case-control studies and the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB2) for randomized controlled trials. The quantitative synthesis of the study outcomes will be explored in different subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Meta regression will also be performed to further test the predictors of the outcome.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is waived as the study is a review of published litterature. The analyses will be presented in conferences and published as a scientific article.

Trial registrartion
PROSPERO registration number is; CRD42021273040.
Notes from the Editors, March 2022
Authors: Editors - 
Published: March 2022

buy this issue
The struggle over schools today requires battles over both the privatization of education and the current attempts to limit its social content and meaning. Those fighting against this changing totality must align themselves with the embattled radical teachers in the trenches. In the famous words of Grace Lee Boggs, more than a half-century ago, it is necessary to create "a new system of education that will have as its means and its end the development of the great masses of people to govern over themselves and administer over things."
Antibacterial Activity from Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro
Authors: Warmasari Ni Wayan Mutiara , Ernawati Desak Ketut , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra , Jawi I Made 
Published: March 2022

Background: Infection is one of the main causes of disease in tropical regions like Indonesia. One of them can be caused by bacterial infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that attacks individuals when the body's immune system is weak. The incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that already exist so that requires an alternative treatment, one of which is the use of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Temulawak rhizome is one of the spices which is still often used as traditional medicine among Indonesian people. Temulawak rhizome extract is known to have a variety of chemical contents with active compounds in the form of essential oils xanthorrhizol and curcumin which can affect the rate of bacterial growth.Methods: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of temulawak rhizome extract on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. The method used in this study is the true experimental post test only control group design. Samples were divided into four treatment concentrations such as the extract concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizome which was tested by agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer).Result: The results of the analyze of variant (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference (p = 0,000). The temulawak extract could inhibit bacterial growth with a medium inhibitory response (5-10 mm). Temulawak rhizome extract showed the greatest inhibition at 100% concentration with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.20 mm.Conclusion : The extract of temulawak rhizome has antibacterial activity. The higher concentration of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb), the greater ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.
Protective Effect of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Ethanol Extract Cream as an Antioxidant Against Exposure to Ultraviolet B Rays in the Skin of Male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Rats
Authors: Dewanti Dewa Ayu Putu Sri Ista , Ernawati Desak Ketut , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra , Jawi I Made 
Published: March 2022

Background: Indonesia is an archipelagic country and one of the tropical countries that get sun exposure all the time. Sun exposure can have beneficial and detrimental effects in life. Exposure to radiation can cause acute effects in the form of erythema through the inflammatory process. Antioxidants are substances that can protect the body from damage caused by ROS. Natural antioxidants can be found in vegetables and fruits, one of which comes from lemon extract (Citrus limon L.). Lemon extract is known to have various chemical contents with active compounds in the form of flavonoids and phenols which can act as antioxidants. The aim of this research was to determine the protective effect that can be produced by lemons on UVB exposure in the skin of male wistar rats.Methods: This research uses the true experimental post test only control group design method. Samples were divided into three treatment concentrations, namely ethanol extract of lemon 5%, 10%, and 20%.Result: After testing for normality, the significance value was obtained (p <0.05). Based on the results of the normality and homogeneity test, the results of the data distribution are not normal and the homogeneous tests of the hypotheses used are the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test results showed a significant difference with the significance value (p = 0.001). The best degree of erythema score was found in the cream of 10% ethanol extract of lemon with an average of 0.8 ± 0.84.Conclusion : The ethanol extract of lemon (Citrus limon L.) cream in a certain dosage has a significant effect on reducing the erythema degree score in the back skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to UVB rays.
Phylogenetic study and association between prominent genotype and haplotype of KISS1 gene with FSH level in Idonesian native goat breeds
Authors: Febriana A. , Sutopo S. , Kurnianto E. , Widiyanto W. 
Published: March 2022

The aim of the current research was to analyze the population structure and expression of KISS1 gene associated with reproductive traits through Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level and DNA sequencing analysis based on KISS1 gene. Genotypes of 23 goat does consist of Kacang goats (n=7), Kejobong goats (n=8) and Senduro goats (n=8) were investigated using DNA sequencing, 16 out of 23 samples were synchronized to examine their FSH level using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using MEGA X software for DNA sequences and General Linier Model (GLM) for FSH plasma level. The phylogenetic tree showed the high homology between Indonesian native goats with other species showing a gene conservatism. A significantly higher FSH plasma levels were obtained from Kacang and Kejobong than Senduro goat (P = 0.002), litter size (LS) 3 than LS 1 (P = 0.0175), further CAATGCGCAACGCT haplotype and GA genotype at g.2459 G>A have a higher FSH plasma than other haplotypes and genotypes (P = 0.0027; P<0.0001) and are associated with high LS (3.0±0.18). Neither sample collection times nor parities have different significantly. The current trial indicated that CAATGCGCAACGCT haplotype and GA genotype at g.2459 G>A were correlated with reproductive traits.
Insufficient Entry and Consumer Search
Authors: Matsuoka Toshiki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study considers a search market with an outside option and shows that entry may be insufficient. When a firm enters the search market, the price decreases, and consumers can search for more products, which increases the market demand and improves social welfare. However, firms do not internalize the effect, and insufficient entry can occur. Additionally, insufficient entry is likely to occur in a search market with low search costs and/or an attractive outside option, as these factors increase the socially optimal number of firms but decrease the firms’ profits.
Association study of CLDN14 variations in patients with kidney stones
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Murtaza Khadijah , Ammara Hafiza , Misbah  , Bhinder Munir Ahmad , Riaz Amjad , Shehzad Wasim , Zahoor Muhammad Yasir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Claudin-14 protein plays an essential role in regulating calcium ions in the kidney and ear. Two phenotypes, hearing loss and kidney stones, were reportedly associated with variations in the CLDN14 gene. This study aimed to understand CLDN14 mutations’ contribution to hearing loss and renal stone formation in a Pakistani cohort. We analyzed CLDN14 sequence variations in 100 patients, along with healthy individuals, to assess whether specific polymorphisms were associated with the disease. Also, we performed an in silico analysis using a mutation database and protein annotation. The rs219779’s genotype CT (p = 0.0020) and rs219780’s genotype AG (p = 0.0012) were significantly associated with kidney stones. We also found that a novel haplotype, “TA” associated with kidney stone formation, has moderate linkage disequilibrium. The TA haplotype was significantly correlated with a kidney stone risk formation of 3.76-fold (OR (CI 95%) = 3.76 (1.83–7.72)) and p = 0.0016 compared to other haplotypes. In silico analysis revealed that mutations associated with hearing loss were not correlated with renal stone formation but affected claudin-14 protein stability. We structurally mapped a novel TA haplotype of CLDN14 that, based on our analysis, likely contributes to the pathogenesis of renal stones.
A Dispersive Mixing Testing Apparatus
Authors: Chohan R. K. , David B. , Nir A. , Tadmor Z. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The dispersion process of agglomerated soldis, such as carbon-black, into rubbers and plastics is still not understood to a satisfactory extent. Dispersive mixing is commonly carried out in roll mills, internal mixers and continuous intensive mixers. It is accomplished by repeated passage of the mixture, through converging-tight clearance high stress regions, of the mixers. The key design and operational variables are the geometry of this region, the stress history of the fluid element, and the passage distribution function. A laboratory apparatus was designed and built to enable a systematic study of the effect of these variables on mixing. The apparatus, and experimental results are described. Results verify that the number of passages is a dominant variable in dispersive mixing, and proves the utility of the apparatus to study the dispersive mixing process.
Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?
Authors: Stanojević Milan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under-five mortality (U-5MR) in HIC and LIC are presented. SDG 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to less than 12 per 1,000 live births, and reduction of U-5MR to less than 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Negative influence of COVID-19 pandemic on performance of SDG 3.2 has been discussed. The lowest NMR was in HIC, almost 10 times lower than in LIC and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on the U-5MR between HIC and LIC are even worse because the difference was between 13 and 15 times lower in HIC. More children are dying after the neonatal period in LIC. In HIC, NMR comprises 56.3% of U-5MR, while in LIC it is 40.3%, and in SSA, it is 36.8%. Births attended by skilled birth personnel in HIC was 99.0% and in LIC it was only 58.6%, which might affect early NMR. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of perinatal health, with possible negative effects on stillbirth rates, NMR, U-5MR, maternal mortality rates, and many other indicators. The gap of the NMR and U-5MR between HIC and LIC has increasing tendency regardless of COVID-19 pandemic, affecting adversely perinatal health indicators in HIC and LIC.
Abbildende Müller-Matrix-Ellipsometrie für die Charakterisierung vereinzelter Nanostrukturen
Authors: Käseberg Tim , Grundmann Jana , Siefke Thomas , Kroker Stefanie , Bodermann Bernd 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ellipsometrie ist eine der vielseitigsten Methoden zur optischen Nanostrukturcharakterisierung. Insbesondere die Müller-Matrix-Ellipsometrie ermöglicht die Messung von optischen oder geometrischen Parametern mit Genauigkeiten bis in den Sub-Nanometer-Bereich. In der konventionellen Ellipsometrie wird dabei über die komplette Beleuchtungspunktgröße gemittelt. Wenn der strukturierte Bereich auf der Probe kleiner ist als der Beleuchtungspunkt, oder die Struktur keine Periodizität aufweist, kann das Messergebnis durch in den Randbereichen reflektiertes Licht beeinträchtigt werden. Besonders problematisch ist dies bei freistehenden Nanostrukturen mit charakteristischen Größen kleiner als die Beleuchtungspunktgröße. In solchen Fällen kann abbildende Ellipsometrie genutzt werden. Dabei wird eine Müller-Matrix für jedes Pixel in einem Kamerabild gemessen, wodurch der Polarisationseinfluss der Probe lokal bestimmt wird. In diesem Beitrag liefern wir Ansätze, konkrete Zusammenhänge zwischen geometrischen Eigenschaften von Nanostrukturen auf Nebendiagonalelemente der Müller-Matrix zu ermitteln. Dazu haben wir einen Aufbau für die Messung von Müller-Matrix-Bildern bei verschiedenen Einfallswinkeln in Transmission und Reflexion realisiert sowie eine Probe gefertigt, mit der wir geometrische Struktureigenschaften in Müller-Matrix-Bildern systematisch messen. Wir stellen Messungen sowie numerische Simulationen zum Vergleich der Ergebnisse vor. Des Weiteren diskutieren wir thermische Einflüsse auf Messergebnisse und stellen einen Algorithmus zu deren Behandlung vor.
Investigating the Correlation Between Students’ Reading Fluency and Comprehension
Authors: Makebo Tadiwos Hambamo , Bachore Mebratu Mulatu , Ayele Zeleke Arficho 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between students' reading fluency and comprehension. It is a correlational design. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the district, school, students, and grade level. Accordingly, 100 students participated in the study. As the research was quantitative, reading comprehension tests and comprehension-based silent reading fluency tests were applied to collect data. The data was analyzed using statistical techniques like Pearson product-moment correlation and linear regression. The findings revealed that reading accuracy level and reading rate, which are the parameters of reading fluency, were strongly correlated (r =. 885, P < 0.01) with each other. However, silent reading fluency (SRF) had a moderate correlation with reading comprehension. Moreover, the reading rate had a strong positive correlation with reading accuracy (r =.885, p < 0.01, and reading comprehension (r =.410, p<0.01). In addition, the linear regression outputs confirmed that the higher the students' reading rate and accuracy level, the higher their reading comprehension (Beta = 0.42, t = 4.53, p < 0.05). It means that when reading rate and accuracy increase, so do their reading comprehension. The results suggest that reading rate and accuracy levels are valid measures of reading ability when students read silently with comprehension
Development of Android-based Interactive Multimedia to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills in Learning Matters
Authors: Hamdani Salma Almira , Prima Eka Cahya , Agustin Rika Rafikah , Feranie Selly , Sugiana Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

The advancement in science and technology in the 21st Century necessitates improving critical thinking skills in students. Implementing digital technology such as interactive multimedia in the learning process can encourage quality learning and teaching. This study aims to create Android-based interactive multimedia that will help students improve their critical thinking skills in learning matters. This research aims to develop android-based interactive multimedia to enhance critical thinking skills in learning matters. This research employed a developmental method that included analysis, design, development, implementation, and one group pretest-posttest to assess students' critical thinking skills. The participants were 30 students from Private Junior High schools in Bandung Barat. The instruments used were the expert's judgment rubric, students' questionnaire, and objective test. With an overall score of 88.25%, the experts' judgment score was classified as very good. Moreover, the average score of students' impressions was 84.56%, classified as very good. Based on the data analysis, the value of g is 0.52, which is classified as a medium enhancement. This finding indicates that students' critical thinking skills improve after applying Android-based interactive multimedia.