bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition for recruitment in SARS-CoV-2 Trials in the United States: a longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Hutchinson Nora , Klas Katarzyna , Carlisle Benjamin G. , Polak Maciej , Kimmelman Jonathan , Waligora Marcin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
Competition among trials for patient enrollment can impede recruitment. We hypothesized that this occurred early in the COVID-19 pandemic, when an unprecedented number of clinical trials were launched. We performed a simple and multivariable regression analysis evaluating the relationship between the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 investigational trial sites within each USA state with unsuccessful patient-participant recruitment and: (i) the proportion of cases required to reach state recruitment goals; (ii) state population based on data from the US Census; and, (iii) number of trial sites per state.

Results
Our study included 151 clinical trials. The proportion of trials with successful recruitment was 72.19% (109 of 151 trials). We did not find a significant relationship between unsuccessful patient-participant recruitment, state recruitment goals, state population or the number of trial sites per state in both our simple and multivariable regression analyses. Our results do not suggest that early in the COVID-19 pandemic, competition for patient-participants impeded successful recruitment in SARS-CoV-2 trials. This may reflect the unique circumstances of the first few months of the pandemic in the United States, in which the number and location of SARS-CoV-2 cases was sufficient to meet trial recruitment requirements, despite the large number of trials launched.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-specific T-cell responses after experimental infection of chickens selectively bred for high and low serum levels of mannose-binding lectin
Authors: Wattrang Eva , Sørensen Dalgaard Tina , Brødsgaard Kjaerup Rikke , Naghizadeh Mohammad , Kabell Susanne , Eriksson Helena , Söderlund Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractErysipelas, caused by infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER) is an important emerging disease in laying hens. We have earlier observed prominent mannose-binding lectin (MBL) acute phase responses in experimentally ER infected chickens. The present study aimed to further examine immune responses to ER by using chickens selectively bred for high (L10H) and low (L10L) serum MBL levels. Chickens were infected with ER at 3 weeks of age and immune parameters and bacterial load were monitored in blood until day 18 after infection. Blood and spleen leukocytes collected on day 18 were stimulated in vitro with ER antigens and blast transformation of different T-cell populations was assessed. The ER infection gave a very varied outcome and no clear differences were observed between L10H and L10L chickens with respect to leukocyte counts, bacterial load or clinical outcome. Nonetheless, rapid innate responses, e.g., heterophilia and increased serum MBL levels were noted in bacteraemic chickens. All ER infected chickens also showed transient increased expression of mannose receptor MRC1L-B and decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex II on monocytes day 1 after infection indicating monocyte activation or relocation. In vitro ER stimulation showed antigen specific blast transformation of CD4+, TCRγ/δ−CD8αβ+ and TCRγ/δ+CD8αβ+ spleen cells from all infected chickens. For CD4+ and TCRγ/δ−CD8αβ+ cells the proportions of blast transformed cells were significantly higher for samples from L10L chickens than those for samples from L10H chickens. This is the first observation of ER-specific T-cells in chickens and interestingly a Th1-type response comprising cytotoxic T-cells was indicated.
Main actors in the new population policy with a growing trend in Iran: a stakeholder analysis
Authors: Jafari Hasan , Pourreza Abolghasem , Kabiri Neda , Khodyari-Zarnaq Rahim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe total fertility rate in Iran has declined to below replacement level recently, and a new approach has been taken to tackle this issue. Thus, this study aimed to identify the involved stakeholders and their characteristics in the new population policy change in Iran. We employed a qualitative approach using the purposive sampling of key informants and the identification of relevant documents. The main stakeholders were divided into seven key groups: religious, political, governmental, professional, international sectors, media, and nongovernmental organizations. In addition, there was no centralized, clear, and comprehensive mechanism to guide the activities of stakeholders to coordinate and bring the total fertility rate to the replacement level in Iran. Despite the importance of the new population policy in Iran, in recent years, we still experience dispersion and inconsistency among various actors in this area. It is imperative to go through a consensus and coalition at macro-level authorities alongside evidenced-based population policymaking.
Glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution
Authors: Jakaria Sardar M. , Budil David E. , Murtagh James 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlycopeptide antimicrobials are a class of naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycosylated products that have shown antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms by inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. In most cases, these drugs are prepared in dry powder (lyophilized) form due to chemical and physical instability in aqueous solution; however, from an economic and practical point of view, liquid formulations are preferred. Researchers have recently found ways to formulate some glycopeptide antibiotic therapeutic drugs in aqueous solution at refrigerated or room temperature. Chemical degradation can be significantly slowed by formulating them at a defined pH with specific buffers, avoiding oxygen reactive species, and minimizing solvent exposure. Sugars, amino acids, polyols, and surfactants can reduce physical degradation by restricting glycopeptide mobility and reducing solvent interaction. This review focuses on recent studies on glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. It is organized into three sections: (i) glycopeptide antibiotic instability due to chemical and physical degradation, (ii) strategies to improve glycopeptide antibiotic stability in aqueous solution, and (iii) a survey of glycopeptide antibiotic drugs currently available in the market and their stability based on published literature and patents. Antimicrobial resistance deaths are expected to increase by 2050, making heat-stable glycopeptides in aqueous solution an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens. In conclusion, it should be possible to formulate heat stable glycopeptide drugs in aqueous solution by understanding the degradation mechanisms of this class of therapeutic drugs in greater detail, making them easily accessible to developing countries with a lack of cold chains.
Comparison of mammosphere formation from stem-like cells of normal breast, malignant primary breast tumors, and MCF-7 cell line
Authors: Ambrose Jenifer Mallavarpu , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Vennila Rosy , Rupert Secunda , Sathyanesan Jeswanth , Meenakshisundaram Rajasundari , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Malayaperumal Sarubala , Kullappan Malathi , Dorairaj Sudarsanam , Gujarathi Jayesh R. , Gandhamaneni Sri Harshini , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Mammosphere formation assay has become a versatile tool to quantify the activity of putative breast cancer stem cells in non-adherent in vitro cultures. However, optimizing the suspension culture system is crucial to establish mammosphere cultures from primary breast tumors.

Methods
This study aimed at determining the self-renewal and sphere-forming potential of breast cancer stem-like cells derived from human primary invasive ductal carcinoma and normal breast tissue samples, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using an optimal suspension culture system. Mammosphere-forming efficiency of the mammospheres generated from the tissue samples and cell line were compared. We evaluated the expression of CD44+/CD24−/low and CD49f+/EpCAM−/low phenotypes in the stem-like cells by flow cytometry. CK-18, CK-19, α-SMA, and EpCAM marker expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining.

Results
Breast epithelial cells isolated from the three samples formed two-dimensional spheroids in suspension cultures. Interestingly, mammospheres formed from patient-derived primary breast tumors were enriched in breast cancer stem-like cells with the phenotype CD44+/CD24−/low and exhibited a relatively more number of large spheres when compared to the normal breast stem cells. MCF-7-derived SCs were more aggressive and resulted in the formation of a significantly higher number of spheroids. The expression of CK-18/CK-19 and α-SMA/EpCAM proteins was confirmed in breast cancer tissues.

Conclusions
Thus, the use of primary tumor specimens and breast cancer cell lines as suitable models for elucidating the breast cancer stem cell activity was validated using mammosphere culture system.
Nivolumab and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Randomized German Hodgkin Study Group Phase II NIVAHL Trial
Authors: Bröckelmann Paul J. , Bühnen Ina , Meissner Julia , Trautmann-Grill Karolin , Herhaus Peter , Halbsguth Teresa V. , Schaub Valdete , Kerkhoff Andrea , Mathas Stephan , Bormann Matthias , Dickhut Andreas , Kaul Helen , Fuchs Michael , Kobe Carsten , Baues Christian , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas , von Tresckow Bastian 
Published: December 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. In the investigator-sponsored randomized phase II NIVAHL trial for early-stage unfavorable classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), two schedules of four cycles of nivolumab, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine followed by 30 Gy involved-site radiotherapy resulted in high complete remission rates and an unprecedented 1-year progression-free survival in 109 patients. In this article, we report the preplanned final analysis conducted three years after the registration of the last patient including long-term safety results. No survival events were observed since the primary analysis, and after a median follow-up (FU) of 41 months, the overall survival was 100% in both treatment groups. The progression-free survival was 98% and 100% in the sequential and concomitant nivolumab, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine treatment groups, respectively. At last FU, the mean forced expiratory pressure in one second was 95.5% (standard deviation 12.7%), the mean diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin was 82.8% (standard deviation 15.4%), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was in the normal range in 95% of patients. Hypothyroidism requiring long-term medication occurred in 15% of patients, who were nearly exclusively female (87%). No second primary malignancies occurred, and no patient required corticosteroid treatment at last FU. Patient-reported normalized global quality-of-life score measured by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 improved over time. This preplanned FU analysis of the largest anti–programmed death protein 1 HL first-line trial to date confirms the outstanding efficacy and relatively favorable safety profile of this therapeutic approach.
Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone in Endothelial Inflammation
Authors: Barabutis Nektarios , Akhter Mohammad S , Kubra Khadeja-Tul , Jackson Keith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The discovery of hypothalamic hormones propelled exciting advances in pharmacotherapy and improved life quality worldwide. Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) is a crucial element in homeostasis maintenance, and regulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Accumulating evidence suggests that this neuropeptide can also promote malignancies, as well as inflammation. Our review is focused on the role of that 44 - amino acid peptide (GHRH) and its antagonists in inflammation and vascular function, summarizing recent findings in the corresponding field. Preclinical studies demonstrate the protective role of GHRH antagonists against endothelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting that the development of those peptides may lead to new therapies against pathologies related to vascular remodeling (eg, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome). Targeted therapies for those diseases do not exist.
Do Corticosteroid Receptor mRNA Levels Predict the Expression of Their Target Genes?
Authors: Koorneef Lisa L , Viho Eva M G , Wahl Lucas F , Meijer Onno C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The glucocorticoid stress hormones affect brain function via high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and lower-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). MR and GR not only differ in affinity for ligands, but also have distinct, sometimes opposite, actions on neuronal excitability and other cellular and higher-order parameters related to cerebral function. GR and MR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are often used as a proxy for the responsiveness to glucocorticoids, assuming proportionality between mRNA and protein levels. This may be especially relevant for the MR, which because of its high affinity is already largely occupied at low basal (trough) hormone levels. Here we explore how GR and MR mRNA levels are associated with the expression of a shared target gene, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ, coded by Tsc22d3) with basal and elevated levels of corticosterone in male mice, using in situ hybridization. Depending on the hippocampal subfield and the corticosterone levels, mRNA levels of MR rather than GR mostly correlated with GILZ mRNA in the hippocampus and hypothalamus at the bulk tissue level. At the individual cell level, these correlations were much weaker. Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data, we again observed that MR and GR mRNA levels were only weakly correlated with target gene expression in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We conclude that MR mRNA levels can be limiting for receptor action, but many other cell-specific and region-specific factors ultimately determine corticosteroid receptor action. Altogether, our results argue for caution while interpreting the consequences of changed receptor expression for the response to glucocorticoids.
Diversity of mitophagy pathways at a glance
Authors: Ganley Ian G. , Simonsen Anne 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that play a central role in various cell signaling and metabolic pathways. A healthy mitochondrial population is maintained through a series of quality control pathways and requires a fine-tuned balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation. Defective targeting of dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosomes through mitophagy has been linked to several diseases, but the underlying mechanisms and the relative importance of distinct mitophagy pathways in vivo are largely unknown. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we describe our current understanding of how parts of, or whole, mitochondria are recognized by the autophagic machinery and targeted to lysosomes for degradation. We also discuss how this might be regulated under different physiological conditions to maintain mitochondrial and cellular health.
Γονικές επιρροές στη βαθμολόγηση των μαθητών της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Παπακωνσταντίνου Αντιγόνη Άλμπα 
Published: December 2022

Το άρθρο αυτό επιχειρεί να κατανοήσει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι γονείς των μαθητών επηρεάζουν τη βαθμολόγηση των εκπαιδευτικών της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Κατά τη θεωρητική πλαισίωση της έρευνας προσδιορίζεται ο κοινωνικός ρόλος των εκπαιδευτικών της δευτεροβάθμιας ως δρώντων στο σχολείο, το οποίο εκλαμβάνεται ως πεδίο δράσης και αλληλεπίδρασης, και στοχευμένα περιγράφεται η γονική εμπλοκή στο γυμνάσιο και το λύκειο. Έπειτα, μέσα από μία θεματική ανάλυση ημιδομημένων συνεντεύξεων με ομάδες εστίασης, τις οποίες απαρτίζουν είκοσι εκπαιδευτικοί ποικίλων ειδικοτήτων της δευτεροβάθμιας, εκτίθενται οι απόψεις των συμμετεχόντων, σχετικά με τους τρόπους, με τους οποίους οι γονείς των μαθητών εκδηλώνουν το ενδιαφέρον τους για τους βαθμούς των παιδιών τους, καθώς επίσης και σχετικά με τα μέσα που χρησιμοποιούν, προκειμένου να ασκήσουν επιρροή στο βαθμολογικό έργο των εκπαιδευτικών. Όπως διαφαίνεται, οι εκπαιδευτικοί επηρεάζονται από τις παρεμβάσεις, τις επαφές ή την πίεση για τη βέλτιστη δυνατή βαθμολογία που ασκούν οι γονείς, ενώ το μέγεθος της επιρροής αυτής εξαρτάται από σύνθετους και ποικίλους παράγοντες, που αφορούν περιπτωσιολογικά σε όλους τους εμπλεκόμενους στη διαδικασία της βαθμολόγησης.
PRICE FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT USING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMY DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Vetrenko Vladimir I. , Romanova Tatyana I. 
Published: December 2022

In modern world, under the pressure of buyers on retailers, the main foundations of classical marketing collapse and businesses need to master new pricing tools. Armed with new technologies and techniques, you can effectively influence the economic performance of an enterprise. Therefore, the development of new pricing methods in digital economy is not only an urgent task, but also necessary in the daily activities of business entities. The article describes a price function development model using the main parameters of supply and demand and the generalized Hooke’s law, as the closest one to display the processes of its state. Formulas are given to determine the price and its constituent parameters, taking into account supply and demand indicators, at which it becomes unprofitable for a seller to increase the amount of profit, and to increase the volume of consumption for a consumer. The results obtained allow trading and manufacturing companies during the period of economy digitalization, together with the involvement of financiers and IT experts, to automate the process of calculation and construction of retail prices for their products and move away from manual modeling of these parameters.
Purpose is to find, as a first approximation, a mathematical expression of the price, taking into account supply and demand indicators, at which it becomes unprofitable for a seller to increase the amount of profit, and it becomes unprofitable for a consumer to increase the volume of consumption.
Methodology: the article describes a model for a price function development using the main parameters of supply and demand and the generalized Hooke’s law.
Results: the results obtained allow us to predict profit taking into account the state of demand, while the price of a product may differ significantly from the price calculated by the classical method at the same costs.
Practical implication: it is advisable to apply the obtained results for automated calculation and modeling of retail prices for products.
Australian hospital paediatricians and nurses’ perspectives and practices for influenza vaccine delivery in children with medical comorbidities
Authors: Norman Daniel A. , Danchin Margie , Blyth Christopher C. , Palasanthiran Pamela , Tran David , Macartney Kristine K. , Wadia Ushma , Moore Hannah C. , Seale Holly 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Influenza vaccination of children with medical comorbidities is critical due their increased risks for severe influenza disease. In Australia, hospitals are an avenue for influenza vaccine delivery to children with comorbidities but are not always effectively utilised. Qualitative enquiry sought to ascertainment the barriers and enablers for influenza vaccination recommendation, delivery, and recording of these children at Australian hospitals.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews and discussion group sessions were conducted with paediatricians and nurses at four tertiary paediatric specialist hospitals and two general community hospitals in three Australian states. Transcripts from interviews and group sessions were inductively analysed for themes. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model was used to explore the elements of each theme and identify potential interventions to increase influenza vaccination recommendation and delivery behaviours by providers.

Results
Fifteen discussion sessions with 28 paediatricians and 26 nurses, and nine in-depth interviews (five paediatricians and four nurses) were conducted. Two central thematic domains were identified: 1. The interaction between hospital staff and parents/patients for influenza vaccine recommendation, and 2. Vaccination delivery and recording in the hospital environment. Six themes across these domains emerged detailing the importance of dedicated immunisation services, hospital leadership, paediatricians’ vaccine recommendation role, the impact of comorbidities, vaccination recording, and cocooning vaccinations. Supportive hospital leadership, engaged providers, and dedicated immunisation services were identified as essential for influenza vaccination of children with comorbidities in Australian hospital.

Conclusion
Recommendation of influenza vaccination for Australian children with comorbidities is impacted by the beliefs of paediatricians and the perceived impact of influenza disease on children’s comorbidities. Dedicated immunisation services and supportive hospital leadership were drivers for influenza vaccine delivery at hospitals. Future interventions targeting hospital-based influenza vaccine delivery for children with comorbidities should take a rounded approach targeting providers’ attitudes, the hospital environment and leadership support.