bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Automatic Optical Inspection of Used Turbine Blades with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lehr J. , Briese C. , Mönchinger S. , Kroeger O. , Krüger J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents an automatic optical inspection task for used turbine blades. The defects arising are very small and occur very rarely. The paper analyzes to what extent state of the art deep learning methods of image processing help to solve the inspection tasks. A total of 34 different turbine blades were acquired image-wise for this work. For the localization and classification of the defects, detection methods such as YOLOv7 were used on the one hand, and segmentation methods such as Mask R CNN and QueryInst on the other. Despite a very small amount of data, the methods can be trained to learn the defects and recognize unseen defects. A maximum mAP 0.5 of 60.9% was achieved. Even though the inspection task was challenging in terms of defect characteristics and the number of training data was low, reliable models could be created. The accuracy is not sufficient for full automation, but it can initially generate useful suggestions for the workers and focus attention on critical areas.
Approach for Structured Repairability Assessment for Automated Repair Processes
Authors: Lickert Hannah , Lachnit Tobias , Dietrich Franz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRepair is a crucial process to recover resources and reduce waste within a circular economy. Automating manual and laborious repair processes has the potential to establish greater economization and efficiency. While research on assessing product repairability exists, there is currently limited research specifically focused on the repairability regarding automated processes. Therefore, this paper investigates the existing knowledge on automation, manual and automated repair processes from theory as well as practical applications, to identify benchmarks for reparability assessment for automated processes. Based on these requirements, solutions, processes, and operating resources are identified. A standardized and structured approach for evaluating the repairability of products for automated repair is proposed. This research also highlights the economic and ecological advantages, as well as the sustainability challenges and potentials of using automated repair processes. Overall, this research contributes to the development of a more sustainable and efficient CE through the advancement of automated repair processes.
Sovereign Services for Machine Tool Components for Resource-Efficient Machining Processes
Authors: Kohn Oliver , Berchtenbreiter Viktor , Weigold Matthias 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing use of modern edge computing solutions in production is creating new opportunities for collecting and processing internal machine data. This data provides information on the load on a machine tool during operation. Using the technical expertise of component manufacturers, specific loads on individual components can be derived. This knowledge provides valuable insights for machine and component manufacturers to analyze the usage behavior of machine operators and use it for sustainable product development. Additionally, this information can be used to implement new business models, creating financial incentives for sustainable usage through load-oriented payment models. As a result, new potentials for users in efficient design and optimization of manufacturing processes arise. Data and service ecosystems play a crucial role in this context by establishing the technical framework that enables sovereign data exchange and the deployment of expert knowledge in the form of digital services. Therefore, this paper demonstrates a concept and the potential for sustainable machining based on digital services for two central components of a machine tool, the spindle and the feed axis.
Process- and Material-Specific Modeling to Use in Simulation-Based and Resource-Oriented Decision Support Systems Using the Example of Calcium Silicate Brick Production Planning
Authors: Schrage Tobias , Schuderer Peter , Franke Jörg 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs part of the fourth industrial revolution, data analysis and artificial intelligence are being integrated into production processes. In addition, energy consumption and CO2 costs are becoming decisive factors in the resource-oriented management of companies. For energy intensive and hybrid production processes a simulation-based decision support system (DSS) for production planning is validated and further developed for the sand lime brick industry to support the production planning process. The integration of empirical knowledge in the energy-intensive control of steam processes, in which quality-critical product parameters are set via thermodynamically complex relationships, is still part of current research approaches. In this paper, an approach for the mapping of an energetic system behavior in the energy-intensive and hybrid production processes will be discussed using the example of calcium silicate brick (CSB) production. Possibilities for using Discrete event simulation (DES) to increase the energy efficiency of steam processes are summarized and linked to formalized empirical knowledge in artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches.
Polycrystalline Diamond Tool for Milling of Granite
Authors: Ahsan A. , Kahlmeyer M. , Fedotov E. , Böhm S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractState of the art in tooling for cutting granites are sintered grinding tools having synthetic diamond grains bound together in metal matrix usually a cobalt copper alloy. Routers for CNC machining of stone surfaces come in various forms such as face milling tools, end milling cutters, edge profiling tools etc. and have either segmented or continuous grit. Characteristic of the grinding processes the material removal rates are relatively low and inefficient compared to geometrically defined tools such as milling tools for metal or wood. In this study, a milling tool with four vacuum brazed polycrystalline diamond inserts have been used to machine Nero Assoluto Granite. The cutting edge of the brazed PCD tips were laser ablated using ultrashort pulsed lasers to form round and chamfer micro-geometries. Wet milling of granite plates was carried out at constant cutting and feed speed to study the effect of various edge geometries on the tool wear as well as cutting forces. The results showed that the cutting edges with laser ablated chamfer resulted in the smallest tool wear as well as the lowest average cutting force and therefor make a decisive contribution to energy and resource efficient machining processes.
Trends and Resource-Efficient Application of Solid End Mills in Plastics Machining: A Comparative Market Study
Authors: Schmidt J. , Thorenz B. , Döpper F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to their high share of value creation in manufacturing, the influence of machining processes and the therein applied cutting tools on profitability and sustainability is often high. Plastics machining differs significantly from metal machining and requires special tools or machining strategies. However, innovation and research usually address the area of metal machining, while plastics machining is often based on in-house experience and the use of tools that were originally developed for metal machining. Thus, potentials regarding energy and resource efficiency of those cutting processes often remain unused. This paper analyses the market situation and needs for required innovations of companies in the plastics machining industry. Therefore, a market study was conducted in which both tool manufacturers and users were asked about relevant aspects regarding the production and application of tools as well as assessments of trends and desired innovations. The results help to identify future research needs so that potentials in the area of plastics machining can be raised with regard to energy and resource efficiency. An important finding of the study is that both tool manufacturers and users see a need for vibration-damped tools and for a wider range of tools with more special tools for plastics machining.
A Proposal for an Extension of the Consumption Performance Sustainability Index to Machining Processes
Authors: De Bernardez Leopoldo , Campana Giampaolo , Porcaro Rita , Mur Sebastián 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe previously proposed a Consumption Performance Sustainability Index to assess the sustainability of additive manufacturing products made by Fused Filament Fabrication. For simplicity and to get broader applications, the index was defined as dimensionless and composed of several factors related to the manufacturing process. The index included material and energy consumption and the performance of the transformed material, which, in the last case, was measured as the yield or the maximum resistance of the produced part in comparison with the characteristics of the feedstock material. The index can highlight the most sustainable among other solutions based on different print orientations and part densities.We propose extending the Consumption Performance Sustainability Index’s validity to additive manufacturing and Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining processes. For this purpose, each factor has been revised and, if necessary, expanded to include process parameters of machining processes. A new organization of all the factors has been introduced based on groups of parameters related to material properties and usage, part design, consumed energy, and machine time. Case studies have been investigated to evaluate this new index for assessing product sustainability preliminarily.
Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Toolpath Optimization Using a Dexel-Based Temperature Prediction Model
Authors: Mauthner G. , Stautner M. , Sell S. , Frings M. , Lorenz A. , Plakhotnik D. , Bleicher F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has been established as a new technology for industrial use-cases such as low-lot size manufacturing or part repair services. A key aspect when developing such WAAM processes is thermal management during the layer-by-layer metal deposition. To maintain a stable welding process in-depth knowledge about the heat distribution is required. Thus, predicting the heat flux for a given part geometry already in the process development stage using Computer-Aided-Manufacturing Systems (CAM) would be beneficial. However, current state-of-the-art approaches are computationally expensive and time intensive. Therefore, they are hardly applicable for WAAM applications. In this paper, a dexel-based metal cutting and deposition simulation is combined with a temperature prediction model, which is integrated in the toolpath planning algorithm when defining a build-up strategy for a given part geometry. The approach is based on a temperature prediction algorithm, that calculates temperature fields for deposited material volume considering basic material properties. Calculated temperature fields can be utilized for optimizing welding toolpath to achieve stable process conditions across the part geometry.
Directed Energy Deposition of Functionally Graded Materials: Towards Resource- and Cost-Effective Manufacturing
Authors: Strauss Jacques , Sacks Natasha , Hagedorn-Hansen Devon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the production of functionally graded materials (FGMs) using directed energy deposition (DED) where the advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field are explored. Functionally graded materials entail the joining of two or more different materials to produce a part of which the chemical and thus mechanical properties vary along one or more dimensions of a part. This study explored the benefits of FGMs, including enhanced multifunctionality, weight optimization and reduced cost. Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly DED, has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating complex FGM structures. By utilizing FGMs, designers can overcome the limitations imposed by expensive materials when developing critical components. Through strategic engineering, the material composition of the part can be tailored as a gradient between expensive materials and more affordable alternatives in non-critical regions. This approach optimizes costs while ensuring performance requirements are met. It is also widely acknowledged that utilizing AM techniques in place of or in addition to conventional manufacturing techniques can decrease material waste. The reduced material waste and enhanced resource utilization offered by DED make it a good solution for sustainable manufacturing. Furthermore, by harnessing the potential of FGMs and DED, industries could unlock new design possibilities, improve product performance, and achieve greater manufacturing efficiency.
In-Process Detection of Defects on Parts Produced by Laser Metal Deposition Using Off-Axis Optical Monitoring
Authors: Mazzarisi Marco , Guerra Maria Grazia , Latte Marco , Devito Fabrizia , Galantucci Luigi Maria , Campanelli Sabina Luisa , Lavecchia Fulvio , Dassisti Michele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLaser Metal Deposition (LMD) is emerging among metal Additive Manufacturing technologies due to its wide range of applications. This technique represents an evolution of laser cladding, currently used for fabricating and repairing complex metal components, promoting manufacturing sustainability. One of the main drawbacks hindering the widespread use of these technology is the complexity of implementing monitoring equipment on industrial LMD systems with limited modification setups. Therefore, it is essential to develop appropriate off-axis systems that allow effective monitoring of the deposition process. The present work proposes a prototype off-axis monitoring system consisting of a pair of specially set cameras capable of analyzing the evolution of the melt pool and discerning fundamental information on geometry, size and brightness intensity. By correlating this information with the process outcome, it could be possible to forecast the most frequent defects related to the deposition process. Experimental tests have been carried out, in which powder flow and laser alterations were specifically induced. The prototype system enabled the characterization of each type of process variation and the determination of specific indicators, serving as the basis for achieving a zero-waste sustainable manufacturing process.
Development of a Minimalistic Smart Sensor System for Motion Measurement of Wind Turbine Towers
Authors: Rupfle Johannes , Neffa Patricio , Grosse Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe accurate measurement of wind turbine tower motion is crucial for assessing structural integrity, identifying damages, and estimating remaining useful life. In this study, the development of a smart sensor system is presented, which combines acceleration measurements, real-time kinematic measurements, and SCADA data to accurately determine the motion of slender structures. The proposed setup offers a cost-effective and easily deployable solution. Installed on the top of the wind turbine nacelle, the sensor system collects data to calculate the tower motion. Real-time kinematics measurements serve as correction input for a state estimator, to enhance accuracy and reliability. Data gathering and processing occur directly on the sensor node, allowing for efficient transfer. Test measurements on a wind turbine tower have demonstrated the effectiveness of the system for accurate motion measurements. Beyond wind turbine manufacturing, this sensor system holds potential for application in several domains, including tall buildings and bridges, where the detection of vibrational movements is valuable for structural health monitoring.
Horizon causality from holographic scattering in asymptotically dS3
Authors: Franken Victor , Mori Takato 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the AdS/CFT correspondence, a direct scattering in the bulk may not have a local boundary analog. A nonlocal implementation on the boundary requires O(1/GN) mutual information. This statement is formalized by the connected wedge theorem, which can be proven using general relativity within AdS3 but also argued for using quantum information theory on the boundary, suggesting that the theorem applies to any holographic duality. We examine scattering within the static patch of asymptotically dS3 spacetime, which is conjectured to be described by a quantum theory on the stretched horizon in static patch holography. We show that causality on the horizon induced from null infinities $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
± is consistent with the theorem. Specifically, signals propagating in the static patch are associated with local operators at $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
±. Our results suggest a novel connection between static patch holography and the dS/CFT correspondence.
The influence of land use, microhabitat and aquatic insect subsidies on predatory riparian arthropod distributions
Authors: Carlson Peter E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agricultural land use effects on aquatic and riparian communities are complex and multifaceted, resulting in habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in riparian and instream ecosystems. This study correlated predatory arthropod densities and species richness to abundance of potential prey (emerged aquatic insects and terrestrial dipterans) along an agricultural to forested land use gradient. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used as an effect size to measure attraction to prey, and the ratio of predator to prey was calculated to indicate potential consumption capacity of prey. Results revealed that gradients in land use and microhabitat condition, distance from the stream and season were important explanatory factors. Positive correlations between predatory arthropods and aquatic insect abundance were more apparent than those with terrestrial dipteran abundance, suggesting an overall preference of aquatic prey. However, positive correlations between predatory arthropods and adult aquatic insect subsidies were strongest in microhabitats with characteristics associated with higher moisture (e.g., greater soil organic matter and shade), particularly with increasing agricultural land use. In September, there was an indication of reduced confinement to microhabitats, likely as an effect of elevated seasonal precipitation. Overall results of this study suggest that a limited tolerance to desiccation in predatory arthropods increases spatial confinement with agricultural land use and ultimately restricts access to adult aquatic insect subsidies. The findings of this study have implications for the pathways that adult aquatic insect subsidies use to enter into riparian food webs with consequences that could cascade across trophic levels and larger spatial scales.
The democratic ethics of artificially intelligent polling
Authors: Cerina Roberto , Rouméas Élise 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper examines the democratic ethics of artificially intelligent polls. Driven by machine learning, AI electoral polls have the potential to generate predictions with an unprecedented level of granularity. We argue that their predictive power is potentially desirable for electoral democracy. We do so by critically engaging with four objections: (1) the privacy objection, which focuses on the potential harm of the collection, storage, and publication of granular data about voting preferences; (2) the autonomy objection, which argues that polls are an obstacle to independently formed judgments; (3) the tactical voting objection, which argues that voting strategically on the basis of polls is troublesome; and finally (4) the manipulation objection, according to which malicious actors could systematically bias predictions to alter voting behaviours.
Printed Models for Better Prediction of Surgery in Patients with Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Authors: Hoogerbeets Sterre F. , Roest Arno A. W. , Valverde Israel , Gomez-Ciriza Gorka , Kroft Lucia , Hazekamp Mark G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe complex and variable anatomy of complex double outlet right ventricle makes it imperative to understand the spatial anatomic structures to determine whether it is feasible to repair the anomaly in a biventricular or univentricular fashion. Biventricular repair should be aimed for but is not always feasible. Choosing the correct surgical technique is of great importance in surgical planning of biventricular repair. Conventional imaging is typically insufficient to predict feasibility and technique of biventricular repair. The gap between virtual images and spatial reality can be filled using 3D prints. Retrospective observational study of all available imaging including 3D prints and operative reports in 13 patients. 3D-prints enabled accurate prediction of biventricular repair in 8 cases and of univentricular repair in 2 cases. In 2 patients, no precise prediction was possible. One 3D-print was created post repair. 3D-prints accurately predicted the optimal technique for achieving biventricular repair in 8 cases. Conventional imaging could not accurately predict biventricular repair of optimal surgical technique in any patient. In complex double outlet right ventricle, 3D-printing can predict feasibility of biventricular repair better than conventional imaging. Additionally, 3D-prints can predict the type of surgical technique better. 3D-printing is also helpful in preoperative discussion with parents, caretakers, and pediatric cardiologists. 3D-prints are strongly recommended in patients with complex double outlet right ventricle.
Graphical Abstract
Quality and impact of youtube for patient education on prostatic artery embolization
Authors: Jacob Connor C. , Makary Mina S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the quality of YouTube videos on patient education concerning prostatic artery embolization (PAE).

Methods
All PAE videos on YouTube were evaluated in December 2023. The quality of the videos was evaluated utilizing the DISCERN Scale Criterion. The popularity and engagement of each video was assessed using the Video Power Index (VPI) and Viewer Impact Score (VIS), respectively. Comparisons of these metrics were conducted and stratified by the video source type including academic institution, interventional radiologist, and patient testimony. Data describing discussion of risks, benefits, and indications were further collected.

Results
Of the 43 videos, video characteristics included duration (mean = 4.6 min), views (mean = 16,885), and likes (mean = 139). The mean DISCERN, VPI, and VIS scores were 47.9, 15.0, and 36.9, respectively. There was no correlation between quality, and popularity (R2 = 0.09) or engagement (R2 = 0.01). Videos featuring board-certified physicians did not significantly improved DISCERN scores (p = 0.13), VPI (p = 0.15), or VIS (p = 0.39) scores when compared to those without. Content by interventional radiologists demonstrated higher popularity compared to videos featuring other specialties (p = 0.04), but there was no difference in quality (p = 0.18).

Conclusion
Educational videos about PAE on YouTube are of average quality. Clinicians should be aware of the general state of online information concerning PAE and guide patients towards high quality resources.