bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary knowledge gaps on intravenous fluid management in adult patients: Survey among physicians and nurses of a university hospital
Authors: Wuyts Stephanie C. M. , Scheyltjens Simon , Hubloue Ives , Dupont Alain G. , Cornu Pieter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRationaleIntravenous (IV) fluids are frequently involved in iatrogenic complications in hospitalized patients. Knowledge of IV fluids seems inadequate and is not covered sufficiently in standard medical education.MethodsTwo surveys were developed, based on the 2016 British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline ‘IV fluid therapy in adults in hospital’, to provide insight on the learning needs and expectations of physicians and nurses. Each survey focused on profession‐specific practice and consisted of three parts: demographics, knowledge questions and evaluation of current habits. Physicians and nurses practicing in a Belgian university hospital were invited to complete the survey electronically, respectively, in January and May 2018.ResultsA total of 103 physicians (19%) and 259 nurses (24%) participated. Although every indication for fluid therapy may require a specific fluid and electrolyte mixture, and hence, knowledge of their exact composition, most physicians and nurses did not know the composition of commonly prescribed solutions for IV infusion. Senior physicians did not score better than juniors did on questions concerning the daily needs of a nil‐by‐mouth patient. The availability of an IV fluid on the ward guides physicians to prescribe IV fluids (17%). Nurses (56%) feel they share responsibility in fluid management as they frequently intervene in urgent situations. More than half of participants (70% of physicians, 79% of nurses) indicated a need for additional information.ConclusionsA clear need for more structured information on IV fluids was identified. Both physicians and nurses struggle with fluid therapy. Continuing education on IV fluid management, emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration, and monitoring evidence‐based practice is essential to support the clinical decision process in daily practice.
Fish distribution and behaviour with regard to the time of day and the anthropogenic structural modification of the shallow littoral
Authors: Samourdani Antigoni , Tzanatos Evangelos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe shallow littoral zone is under a variety of environmental drivers and anthropogenic pressures. As these factors are highly dynamic, they may affect the distribution and behaviour of littoral fish. The present study investigates the effect of the time of day and the benthic habitat type on the shallow littoral fish community. Diel variations in total fish abundance, community composition, species abundance and behaviour were studied in two neighbouring stations in the Patraikos Gulf (Greece): one with cobble seabed cover and another with anthropogenic habitat structural modifications, like large artificial blocks, rocks and other objects. Visual census revealed that community composition differed depending on both the time of day and the habitat type. Total abundance was highest in the morning, whereas both diel abundance and habitat use were found to be taxon specific, with most species showing a preference for the artificial rocky habitat. Diel differences in species behavioural patterns were also observed, with a greater percentage of fish being active during the day (morning and noon) rather than in the afternoon. Although the fish community does not change entirely within a day or between adjacent locations, it is significantly variable in even small spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, there are implications for the design and implementation of sampling designs and monitoring plans that should be consistent in time of day throughout the sampling period and include locations structurally modified by humans. Furthermore, the management of the shallow littoral zone should consider the small‐scale variability and alternate anthropogenic habitat with natural unaltered patches.
Ovicidal effect of essential oils of Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis on the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae)
Authors: Serra Bianca Natally Viana , Martins Maurício Laterça , Pereira Scheila Anelise , Chagas Edsandra Campos , Chaves Francisco Célio Maia , de Oliveira Maria Inês Braga , Jerônimo Gabriela Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcanthocephalosis in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum culture is a limiting factor for the production of the species, being the most recurrent, which makes it necessary to develop strategies to control parasitosis even in the early stages of parasite development. This study aimed to elucidate the morphological characteristics of eggs of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and the ovicidal effect of the essential oils of Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides, and Lippia gracilis. The parasites were collected from hosts naturally infected with N. buttnerae, and the eggs obtained from the female 'parasites' abdominal cavity were added to 12‐well plates containing the essential oils at different dilutions. After the eggs (N = 300) were separated and measured (length and width) with the aid of an optical microscope coupled to a digital program, the viability of the treated eggs was monitored 24 h after treatments, L. gracilis essential oil was 100% effective at the highest concentration, whereas L. sidoides essential oil showed over 50% efficacy at 2 mg/ml, reaching 100% efficacy at all higher concentrations. Lippia. alba essential oil did not show satisfactory efficacy in preventing N. buttnerae egg hatching.
Lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with tenofovir than entecavir treatment in subsets of chronic hepatitis B patients: an updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Bao‐Hong , Li Ru‐Hong , Huo Rong‐Rui , Li Min‐Jun , Papatheodoridis George , Zhong Jian‐Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPrevious smaller meta‐analyses comparing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus entecavir (ETV) provided controversial results. This updated meta‐analysis aimed to reliably identify any difference in the HCC incidence between TDF‐treated or ETV‐treated CHB patients in general or in specific subgroups.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant studies with hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC between TDF‐treated and ETV‐treated CHB patients. Retrieved dates ranged from January 2009 to October 2021. HRs with or without adjustment were pooled with random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐four comparative studies involving 37 771 CHB patients treated with TDF and 72 094 treated with ETV were included. TDF was associated with lower risk of HCC compared with ETV, with pooled unadjusted HR of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.86) (24 studies) and adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91) (21 studies). In propensity score matching cohorts, the TDF superiority was confirmed for unadjusted HR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.97) (14 studies) and was close to significance for adjusted HR (0.78, 95% CI: 0.58–1.04) (8 studies). Subgroup analyses showed that TDF was associated with lower HCC risk than ETV treatment in CHB patients who were from Asia (adjusted HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66–0.87; 15 studies) or nucleos(t)ide naïve (adjusted HR:0.74, 95% CI: 0.65–0.84; 18 studies).ConclusionCurrent evidence from a sizable population suggests that TDF is associated with significantly lower HCC risk compared with ETV treatment in patients who are from Asia and/or nucleos(t)ide naïve.
Implementation of a national testing policy in Dutch nursing homes during SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks
Authors: van den Besselaar Judith H. , Spaargaren Marije , Smalbrugge Martin , Koene Fleur M. H. P. A. , Termeulen Loes , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate how a national policy of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) regardless of symptoms was implemented during outbreaks in Dutch nursing homes in the second wave of the pandemic and to explore barriers and facilitators to serial testing.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐method study of nursing homes in the Netherlands with a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak after 15 September 2020. Direct care staff and management from 355 healthcare organizations were invited to participate in a digital survey. A total of 74 out of 355 (20.9%) healthcare organizations participated and provided information about 117 nursing homes. We conducted 26 in‐depth interviews on the outbreak and the testing strategy used. We also conducted four focus group meetings involving managers, physicians, nurses, and certified health assistants. Recordings were transcribed and data were thematically analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and four nursing homes (89%) tested residents regardless of their symptoms during the outbreak, and 85 nursing homes (73%) tested the staff regardless of their symptoms. However, interviews showed testing was sometimes implemented during later stages of the outbreak and was not always followed up with serial testing. Barriers to serial testing regardless of symptoms were lack of knowledge of local leaders with decisional making authority, lack of a cohort ward or skilled staff, and insufficient collaboration with laboratories or local public health services. Important facilitators to serial testing were staff willingness to undergo testing and the availability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.ConclusionsSerial testing regardless of symptoms was only partially implemented. The response rate of 21% of nursing home organizations gives a risk of selection bias. Barriers to testing need to be addressed. A national implementation policy that promotes collaboration between public health services and nursing homes and educates management and care staff is necessary.
The odds of neoplasia in dogs with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Manoharan Sindumani A. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased risk of neoplasia in humans with diabetes mellitus (DM) is well documented. It is unknown if dogs with DM have increased risk of neoplasia.ObjectiveDetermine if dogs with DM have an overall increased risk of neoplasia and risk for specific forms of neoplasia compared to dogs without DM.AnimalsSeven hundred dogs with DM and 700 breed, age, and sex‐matched dogs without DM, examined during the same years.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Odds ratios (OR), corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P‐values were calculated using conditional logistic regression to determine if dogs with DM had increased odds of developing neoplasia compared to dogs without DM.ResultsThe overall odds of developing neoplasia were not significantly different in dogs with and without DM. However, dogs with DM had significantly higher odds of developing an adrenal mass (OR, 4; 95% CI, 1.1‐14.2; P = .03) compared to dogs without DM. The odds of developing a splenic mass in dogs with DM (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.39) were increased compared to dogs without DM, but this difference was not significant (P = .07).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with DM may be at increased risk for adrenal neoplasia. Awareness of this risk can facilitate early diagnosis of this life‐threatening comorbidity. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The subtle effects of implicit bias instructions
Authors: Lynch Mona , Kidd Taylor , Shaw Emily 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJudges are increasingly using “implicit bias” instructions in jury trials in an effort to reduce the influence of jurors' biases on judgment. In this article, we report on findings from a large‐scale mock jury study that tests the impact of implicit bias instructions on judgment in a case where defendant race was varied (Black or White). Using an experimental design, we collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data at the individual and group levels obtained from 120 small groups who viewed a simulated federal drug conspiracy trial and then deliberated to determine a verdict. We find that while participants were sensitized to the importance of being unbiased, implicit bias instructions had no measurable impact on verdict outcomes relative to the standard instructions. Our analysis of the deliberations, however, reveals that those who heard the implicit bias instructions were more likely to discuss the issue of bias, potentially with both ameliorative and harmful effects on the defendant. Most significantly, we identified multiple instances where, in an effort to avoid bias, participants who heard the implicit bias instructions interfered with their own or other participants' appropriate assessments of witness credibility.
Maternal and paternal involvement in complementary feeding in Kaduna State, Nigeria: The continuum of gender roles in urban and rural settings
Authors: Allotey Diana , Flax Valerie L. , Ipadeola Abiodun , Kwasu Sarah , Bentley Margaret E. , Worku Beamlak , Kalluru Keerti , Valle Carmina G. , Bose Sujata , Martin Stephanie L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHousehold gender roles influence infant and young child feeding behaviours and may contribute to suboptimal complementary feeding practices through inequitable household decision‐making, intra‐household food allocation and limited paternal support for resources and caregiving. In Igabi local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria, the Alive & Thrive (A&T) initiative implemented an intervention to improve complementary feeding practices through father engagement. This study describes household gender roles among A&T participants and how they influence maternal and paternal involvement in complementary feeding. We conducted 16 focus group discussions with mothers and fathers of children aged 6–23 months in urban and rural administrative wards and analysed them using qualitative thematic analysis methods. Most mothers and fathers have traditional roles with fathers as ‘providers’ and ‘supervisors’ and mothers as ‘caregivers’. Traditional normative roles of fathers limit their involvement in ‘hands‐on’ activities, which support feeding and caring for children. Less traditional normative roles, whereby some mothers contributed to the provision of resources and some fathers contributed to caregiving, were also described by some participants and were more salient in the urban wards. In the rural wards, more fathers expressed resistance to fathers playing less traditional roles. Fathers who participated in caregiving tasks reported respect from their children, strong family relationships and had healthy home environments. Our research findings point to the need for more context‐specific approaches that address prevalent gender normative roles in complementary feeding in a variety of settings.
The role of breastfeeding promotion in German hospitals for exclusive breastfeeding duration
Authors: Hockamp Nele , Sievers Erika , Hülk Philipp , Rudolf Henrik , Rudloff Silvia , Lücke Thomas , Kersting Mathilde 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding promotion and support in hospitals is expected to have a positive impact on maternal breastfeeding outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the association between breastfeeding promotion in maternity hospitals in Germany and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates during the first 4 months. Thus, a nationwide cross‐sectional web‐based survey of breastfeeding promotion was conducted in 103 hospitals. Mother–infant pairs (n = 962) were recruited at these hospitals for a prospective web‐based survey of breastfeeding status at five‐time points, that is, during a hospital stay, at discharge as well as after 0.5, 2, and 4 months. The hospital analysis was based on the “10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, adapted for Germany. Their degree of implementation was stratified by a breastfeeding promotion index (BPI) as low (≤5 steps), medium (6–8 steps), and high (≥9 steps). The association between the BPI and the odds of EBF at each of the five‐time points was estimated by multivariable regression models, adjusting for various maternal factors. At all time points, the proportion of EBF among mothers from high BPI hospitals exceeded the proportion of those from medium or low BPI hospitals. A high BPI was associated with higher odds of EBF during the hospital stay and at discharge, while maternal factors for EBF such as breastfeeding experience and no early use of a pacifier persisted beyond. The high commitment of hospitals and tailored support of mothers is essential for EBF.
From cultivar mixtures to allelic mixtures: opposite effects of allelic richness between genotypes and genotype richness in wheat
Authors: Montazeaud Germain , Flutre Timothée , Ballini Elsa , Morel Jean‐Benoit , David Jacques , Girodolle Johanna , Rocher Aline , Ducasse Aurélie , Violle Cyrille , Fort Florian , Fréville Hélène 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Agroecosystem diversification through increased crop genetic diversity could provide multiple services such as improved disease control or increased productivity. However, we still poorly understand how genetic diversity affects agronomic performance.

We grew 179 inbred lines of durum wheat in pure stands and in 202 binary mixtures in field conditions. We then tested the effect of allelic richness between genotypes and genotype richness on grain yield and Septoria tritici blotch disease. Allelic richness was tested at 19K single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed along the durum wheat genome. Both genotype richness and allelic richness could be equal to 1 or 2.

Mixtures were overall more productive and less diseased than their pure stand components. Yet, we identified one locus at which allelic richness between genotypes was associated with increased disease severity and decreased grain yield. The effect of allelic richness at this locus was stronger than the effect of genotype richness on grain yield (−7.6% vs +5.7%).

Our results suggest that positive effects of crop diversity can be reversed by unfavourable allelic associations. This highlights the need to integrate genomic data into crop diversification strategies. More generally, investigating plant–plant interactions at the genomic level is promising to better understand biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships.
Shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes to composite restoration bonded with particular adhesives after different surface pre‐treatments
Authors: Buyukcavus Esra , Ugurlu Muhittin , Buyukcavus Muhammed Hilmi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in vitro the shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes to composite restoration bonded with particular adhesives after different surface pre‐treatments.Setting and sample populationThe sample population is 60 extracted molars.Materials and methodsAfter the teeth were thermocycled, they were randomly divided into six groups according to the adhesive and various surface pre‐treatments that had been applied. The surface pre‐treatments included sandblasting with 50‐μm aluminium oxide particles and roughening with diamond bur and 37% phosphoric acid. Transbond XT Adhesive Primer (3M Unitek) (TXT) and Assure Plus (Reliance Orthodontic Products) adhesives were used in the study. Following the application of the adhesives, the brackets were bonded to the surfaces of the teeth. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analysed with one‐way ANOVA and LSD tests (P = .05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined using a stereomicroscope. Data from the ARI scores were submitted to Pearson's chi‐squared test (P = .05).ResultsThe highest shear bond strengths were obtained in the Assure Plus group 15.05 ± 3.72 MPa after sandblasting (P < .05). The lowest shear bond strengths were found in the TXT group (7.52 ± 2.89 MPa; P < .05). Sandblasting and bur pre‐treatment for TXT and Assure Plus adhesives increased shear bond strength in both of them. There were no significant differences in the ARI scores between the groups (P > .05).ConclusionSandblasting and roughening pre‐treatment can increase the bond strength of teeth with composite restoration. Assure Plus is also more effective than conventional adhesive systems.
Endotyping allergic rhinitis in children: A machine learning approach
Authors: Malizia Velia , Cilluffo Giovanna , Fasola Salvatore , Ferrante Giuliana , Landi Massimo , Montalbano Laura , Licari Amelia , La Grutta Stefania 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe diversity of allergic rhinitis (AR) phenotypes is particularly evident in childhood, suggesting the need to analyze and identify new approaches to capture such clinical heterogeneity. Nasal cytology (NC) is a very useful diagnostic tool for identifying and quantifying nasal inflammation. Data‐driven approaches such as latent class analysis (LCA) assign subjects to classes based on their characteristics. We hypothesized that LCA based on NC, including the assessment of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells, may be helpful for identifying AR endotypes in children.MethodsA total of 168 children were enrolled. Sociodemographic characteristics and detailed medical history were obtained from their parents. All children performed NC and skin prick tests. LCA was applied for identifying AR endotypes based on NC, using the R package poLCA. All the statistical analyses were performed using R 4.0.5 software. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05.ResultsLCA identified two classes: Class 1 (n = 126, 75%): higher frequency of children with moderate/large number of neutrophils (31.45%); almost all the children in this class had no mast cells (91.27%) and Class 2 (n = 42, 25%): higher frequency of children with moderate/large number of eosinophils (45.24%) and moderate/large number of mast cells (50%).ConclusionsThe present study used a machine learning approach for endotyping childhood AR, which may contribute to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to deliver personalized health care in the context of precision medicine.
Allergic rhinitis, microbiota and passive smoke in children: A pilot study
Authors: Brindisi Giulia , Marazzato Massimiliano , Brunetti Francesca , De Castro Giovanna , Loffredo Lorenzo , Carnevale Roberto , Cinicola Bianca , Palamara Anna Teresa , Conte Maria Pia , Zicari Anna Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases affecting children. Objective assessment of nasal obstruction is possible through active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). Several factors, such as passive smoke exposure (PSE), are triggers for worsening nasal obstruction and chronic inflammation. PSE affects bacterial eubiosis in the upper respiratory tract. This study evaluates the influence of PSE and cotinine levels on both nasal obstruction and local microbiome composition in children with AR.MethodsFifty patients (aged between 6 and 16 years) with AR monosensitized grass pollen were enrolled. They underwent skin prick tests, a nasal swab to evaluate the microbial composition of the anterior nostrils, a basal AAR, a post‐decongestion AAR, and spirometry. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to evaluate PSE.ResultsA significantly lower percentage of mean nasal flow (mNF%) was observed before and after hydrazine administration in subjects exposed to passive smoke (Exp group) compared with the non‐exposed group. In contrast, higher cotinine levels were observed in the Exp group than in the controls. PSE has been associated with a decrease in biodiversity and a change in the nasal microbiome composition; instead, although to a different extent, the abundance of specific taxa resulted in being correlated to cotinine levels and nasal flow.ConclusionChildren with AR exposed to passive smoke with positive serum cotinine could represent a risk factor for developing nasal obstruction and microbial dysbiosis, suggesting their possible role in pathophysiological processes.