bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public History Play‐Acting After All: Commentary on a Confederate Battle Flag Exhibition in Virginia
Authors: Macaluso Laura A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing a Confederate battle flag exhibit as the centre of discussion, this article examines the creation and implementation of an exhibition held in January 2020 around the history and public presentation of a divisive object. Purported to be a ‘community’‐driven project, the exhibition tried to balance different aims for different publics, never taking a direct position on the problem of the presence and use of Lost Cause ideology in the Commonwealth of Virginia, even in the midst of ever‐increasing recognition that Black Lives Matter. Although the exhibition was created and opened before the death of George Floyd in the spring of 2020, Virginia suffered a devastating loss in 2017 when the Unite the Right Rally appeared with tiki‐torches on the campus of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Ninety miles south, in Lynchburg, the city's public museum went forward with a Confederate flag exhibit despite protest from several board members and members of the public. The exhibit is a review in light of the events of 2020.
Pathways for primary care practice adoption of patient engagement strategies
Authors: Miller‐Rosales Chris , Miake‐Lye Isomi M. , Brewster Amanda L. , Shortell Stephen M. , Rodriguez Hector P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify potential orderings of primary care practice adoption of patient engagement strategies overall and separately for interpersonally and technologically oriented strategies.Data SourcesWe analyzed physician practice survey data (n = 71) on the adoption of 12 patient engagement strategies.Study DesignMokken scale analysis was used to assess latent traits among the patient engagement strategies.Data CollectionThree groupings of patient engagement strategies were analyzed: (1) all 12 patient engagement strategies, (2) six interpersonally oriented strategies, and (3) six technologically oriented strategies.Principal FindingsWe did not find scalability among all 12 patient engagement strategies, however, separately analyzing the subgroups of six interpersonally and six technologically oriented strategies demonstrated scalability (Loevinger's H coefficient of scalability [range]: interpersonal strategies, H = 0.54 [0.49–0.60], technological strategies, H = 0.42 [0.31, 0.54]). Ordered patterns emerged in the adoption of strategies for both interpersonal and technological types.ConclusionsCommon pathways of practice adoption of patient engagement strategies were identified. Implementing interpersonally intensive patient engagement strategies may require different physician practice capabilities than technological strategies. Rather than simultaneously adopting multiple patient engagement strategies, gradual and purposeful practice adoption may improve the impact of these strategies and support sustainability.
Repurposing fish waste into gelatin as a potential alternative for mammalian sources: A review
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Wang Haifeng , Huang Min , Cao Guangtian , Tao Fei , Shen Qing , Zhou Guanghong , Yang Hongshun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMammalian gelatin is extensively utilized in the food industry because of its physicochemical properties. However, its usage is restricted and essentially prohibited for religious people. Fish gelatin is a promising alternative with no religious and social restrictions. The desirable properties of fish gelatin can be significantly improved by various methods, such as the addition of active compounds, enzymes, and natural crosslinking agents (e.g., plant phenolics and genipin), and nonthermal physical treatments (e.g., ionizing radiation and high pressure). The aim of this study was to explore whether the properties of fish gelatin (gel strength, melting or gelling temperature, odor, viscosity, sensory properties, film‐forming ability, etc.) could be improved to make it comparable to mammalian gelatin. The structure and properties of gelatins obtained from mammalian and fish sources are summarized. Moreover, the modification methods used to ameliorate the properties of fish gelatin, including rheological (gelling temperature from 13–19°C to 23–25°C), physicochemical (gel strengths from ∼200 to 250 g), and thermal properties (melting points from ∼25 to 30°C), are comprehensively discussed. The relevant literature reviewed and the technological advancements in the industry can propel the development of fish gelatin as a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin, thereby expanding its competitive market share with increasing utility.
Effect of high frequency versus theta‐burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on suicidality in patients with treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Mehta Shobha , Downar Jonathan , Mulsant Benoit H. , Voineskos Daphne , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Weissman Cory R. , Vila‐Rodriguez Fidel , Blumberger Daniel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS) on suicidality in patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).MethodsWe used data from a three‐site randomized clinical trial comparing 10 Hz rTMS and iTBS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with TRD. We compared the effect of 10Hz rTMS and iTBS on suicidality as measured by the suicide item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17‐item (HDRS‐17).ResultsSuicidality remitted in 71 (43.7%) participants randomized to 10Hz stimulation and 91 (49.1%) participants randomized to iTBS, without a significant difference between the proportions in the two groups (Χ2 = 0.674, df = 1, p = 0.4117). There was a significant correlation between change in suicidality and change in depression severity for both modalities (10 Hz, Pearson's r = 0.564; iTBS, Pearson's r = 0.502), with a significantly larger decrease in depression severity for those in whom suicidality remitted compared to those in whom it did not (t = 10.912, df = 276.8, p < 0.001).ConclusionsBoth 10 Hz and iTBS rTMS were effective in reducing suicidality in TRD. Future trials of iTBS for depression should include discrete measures of suicidality.
Woody plant encroachment constrains regeneration of ground‐layer species in a neotropical savanna from seeds
Authors: Pinheiro Luiz Felipe Souza , Kansbock Leticia , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo , Kolb Rosana Marta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWoody plants have been encroaching into savannas on a global scale. Global climatic changes, along with changes to disturbance regimes, are considered to be the main drivers of this process. Particularly, many formerly open physiognomies of the Brazilian savanna have become encroached by woody species over the course of a few decades under fire suppression. In this scenario, many typical savanna species of the ground‐layer are reducing their above‐ground presence, possibly due to change in environmental filtering as a result of encroachment. Consequently, at encroachment sites, changes to microhabitats occur, such as less incident light to the soil surface, reduced red:far‐red ratios and soil surface temperatures, and increased litter deposition. These changes may hinder the regenerative capacity of ground‐layer savanna species. This study investigated the role of encroachment‐induced environmental changes as filters for the recruitment ability of ground‐layer savanna species. We examined the germination and seedling emergence of 12 species under controlled conditions, simulating natural aspects of encroached and non‐encroached sites of the Brazilian savanna. The germination and/or seedling emergence of all species examined were/was negatively affected by the simulated environmental filtering changes. Increased litter deposition reduced seedling emergence more than temperature and light affected germination. Filtering changes caused by woody encroachment represent a bottleneck for the regeneration from seeds of ground‐layer savanna species. Filtering changes by woody encroachment is one of the underlying mechanism explaining changes in species presence in savannas, and it ultimately leads to positive feedback loops wherein woody encroachment begets more woody encroachment.
What shapes research and research capacity building in rural health services? Context matters
Authors: Wong Shee Anna , Quilliam Claire , Corboy Denise , Glenister Kristen , McKinstry Carol , Beauchamp Alison , Alston Laura , Maybery Darryl , Aras Drew , Mc Namara Kevin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the contextual factors influencing research and research capacity building in rural health settings.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured telephone interviews to collect data regarding health professionals’ research education and capacity building. Analysis involved inductive coding using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis; and deductive mapping to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).SettingVictorian rural health services and university campuses.ParticipantsTwenty senior rural health managers, academics and/or research coordinators. Participants had at least three years’ experience in rural public health, health‐related research or health education settings.Main outcome measuresContextual factors influencing the operationalisation and prioritisation of research capacity building in rural health services.ResultsFindings reflected the CFIR domains and constructs: intervention characteristics (relative advantage); outer setting (cosmopolitanism, external policies and incentives); inner setting (implementation climate, readiness for implementation); characteristics of individuals (self‐efficacy); and process (planning, engaging). Findings illustrated the implementation context and the complex contextual tensions, which either prevent or enhance research capacity building in rural health services.ConclusionsRealising the Australian Government’s vision for improved health service provision and health outcomes in rural areas requires a strong culture of research and research capacity building in rural health services. Low levels of rural research funding, chronic workforce shortages and the tension between undertaking research and delivering health care, all significantly impact the operationalisation and prioritisation of research capacity building in rural health services. Effective policy and investment addressing these contextual factors is crucial for the success of research capacity building in rural health services.
Patient‐reported outcomes of a short hospital stay after total knee replacement in a regional public hospital: a prospective cohort treated 2018–2019
Authors: Fatima Manaal , Scholes Corey J , Tutty Amanda , Ebrahimi Milad , Genon Michel , Martin Samuel J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes and satisfaction following short length of stay (LoS) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the Australian regional context remain unexplored. This study reports complications, outcomes and satisfaction of patients discharged from an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP), 6 weeks after TKA in a regional hospital.MethodsProspective recruitment occurred between 2018 and 2019. Demographics, intraoperative data, complications and emergency department (ED) presentations were retrieved from hospital records. Complications were graded for severity using a published scale. Knee range of motion (ROM), timed up‐and‐go (TUG), 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) were assessed preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was assessed via questionnaire at the postoperative follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred patients/117 primary TKAs were prospectively included. Median LoS was 2 days (interquartile range 1–3 days) with 74.4% and 88.4% of patients satisfied with their knee and LoS, at 6 weeks respectively. Twenty‐seven patients presented to the ED a total of 37 times with complication severity of Grade III or less, and 10 patients were readmitted. Significant improvements in objective and subjective outcomes were observed, however only change in median OKS exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold.ConclusionAn enhanced recovery protocol after TKA in a regional hospital can achieve a median LoS of 2 days without compromising patient‐reported outcomes and objective functional measures, whilst maintaining a high level of patient satisfaction with both the surgery and LoS. Further work is required to better optimize management of largely low‐grade complications in this patient population.
Functional Data Analysis for Longitudinal Data with Informative Observation Times
Authors: Weaver Caleb , Xiao Luo , Lu Wenbin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In functional data analysis for longitudinal data, the observation process is typically assumed to be noninformative, which is often violated in real applications. Thus, methods that fail to account for the dependence between observation times and longitudinal outcomes may result in biased estimation. For longitudinal data with informative observation times, we find that under a general class of shared random effect models, a commonly used functional data method may lead to inconsistent model estimation while another functional data method results in consistent and even rate-optimal estimation. Indeed, we show that the mean function can be estimated appropriately via penalized splines and that the covariance function can be estimated appropriately via penalized tensor-product splines, both with specific choices of parameters. For the proposed method, theoretical results are provided, and simulation studies and a real data analysis are conducted to demonstrate its performance.
Endocrine disorders in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: A bidirectional relationship
Authors: Akset Maud , Poppe Kris Gustave , Kleynen Pierre , Bold Ionela , Bruyneel Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnoea or hypopnea due to total or partial pharyngeal collapse and temporary upper airway obstruction during sleep. The prevalence of OSA is increasing and currently affects about 30% of men and 13% of women in Europe. Intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sleep fragmentation resulting from OSA can provoke subsequent cardiometabolic disorders. The relationships between endocrine disorders and OSA are complex and bidirectional. Indeed, several endocrine disorders are risk factors for OSA. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of OSA is increased in patients with obesity, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. In some cases, treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder can improve, and occasionally cure, OSA. On the other hand, OSA can also induce endocrine disorders, particularly glucose metabolism abnormalities. Whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for OSA can improve these endocrine disturbances remains unclear due to the presence of several confounding factors. In this review, we discuss the current state‐of‐the‐art based on the review of the current medical literature for key articles focusing on the bidirectional relationship between endocrine disorders and OSA and the effects of treatment. Screening of OSA in endocrine patients is also discussed, as it remains a subject of debate.
eIF3a‐PPP2R5A‐mediated ATM/ATR dephosphorylation is essential for irinotecan‐induced DNA damage response
Authors: Mei Chao , Sun Ze‐En , Tan Li‐Ming , Gong Jian‐Ping , Li Xi , Liu Zhao‐Qian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe individual differences and pervasive resistance seriously hinder the optimization of irinotecan‐based therapeutic effectiveness. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) plays a key role in tumour occurrence, prognosis and therapeutic response. This study focused on the role of eIF3a in irinotecan‐induced DNA damage response.Materials and MethodsThe cck8 cell viability and clone survival analyses were used to test the regulatory role of eIF3a on irinotecan sensitivity in HT29 and CACO2 cell lines in vitro. This regulatory role was also verified in vivo by conducting subcutaneous xenograft model. Irinotecan‐induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry analysis, TUNEL staining, western blot and comet assays. The immunofluorescence, co‐IP, luciferase reporter assay, RIP and flow cytometric analyses were carried out to investigate the underline mechanism.ResultsWe demonstrated that eIF3a continuously activates ATM/ATR signal by translationally inhibiting PPP2R5A, a phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates and inactivates ATM/ATR after DNA repair complete. Suppression of PPP2R5A resulted in chronic ATM/ATR phosphorylation and activation, impairing DNA repair and enhancing irinotecan sensitivity.ConclusionsOur study suggested eIF3a with a high potential to influence phenotypic functions, which may contribute substantially to the early identification of susceptible individuals and the provision of personalized medication to irinotecan‐treated patients.
Color tissue doppler imaging of tricuspid annular plane systolic and diastolic excursion in children: A comparison of normal, volume‐overloaded and pressure overloaded right ventricles
Authors: Malakan Rad Elaheh , Amani Sude , Ilali Hamidreza Mirzaei , Sedaghat Abdullah , Zanjani Keyhan Sayadpour , Moghadam Ehsan Aghaei , Shabanian Reza , Zeinaloo Ali Akbar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTricuspid annular plane (TAP) systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a reproducible M‐mode parameter for the measurement of longitudinal shortening of the right ventricle (RV). To date, all attention has been focused on the systolic excursion of TAP and the diastolic excursion of the annular plane back to the base has been ignored. This study aims to compare the quantitative (excursion, slope, and duration) and qualitative (velocity, acceleration, and indentation) characteristics of TAP systolic and diastolic excursion, using color tissue Doppler imaging, in three groups of children with normal RV (NORV), volume overloaded RV (VORV), and pressure overloaded RV (PORV) and normal pulmonary arterial pressure.Subjects and methodsA prospective case‐control study was performed in three groups of children with normal heart, VORV and PORV. TAPSE and tricuspid annular plane diastolic excursion (TAPDE) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and compared between the three groups. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.ResultsTAPSE, TAPDE, TAPSE slope, TAPSE slope/TAPDE slope, TAPDE duration and TAPDE duration/RR interval were lower in PORV (TAPSE: PORV: 14.45 ± 4.30, NORV: 20.45 ± 5.46, P = .003, TAPDE:PORV: 14.39 ± 4.61, NORV: 20.28 ± 5.65, P = .004, TAPSE slope:PORV: 4.79 ± 1.40, NORV: 7.15 ± 1.98, P = .001, .001, TAPDE duration:PORV: 201.1 ± 87.9 ms, NORV: 292.1 ± 97.9, P = .006, TAPDE duration/RR interval: PORV: .37 ± .09, NORV: .48 ± .08, P = .0002).ConclusionPressure‐overload on RV produced more impairment of TAPSE and TAPDE patterns than volume overload. Values of TAPSE and TAPDE in patients with VORV and PORV stay in two ends of the normal spectrum. The harmful impact of pre‐tricuspid volume overload seems to be less than the post‐tricuspid volume overload.
Longer daylengths associated with poleward range shifts accelerate aphid extinction by parasitoid wasps
Authors: Kehoe Rachel , van Veen Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change is causing the poleward range‐shift of many species, with consequent modifications to daylight regimes and potential impacts on light‐cycle activity patterns and ecological interactions.
Day‐active parasitoids experiencing longer summer days associated with a poleward range shift display increased attack rates on their aphid hosts and have higher lifetime fecundity. Theory consequently predicts that with increasing photoperiod, host–parasitoid interactions would become less stable with more variable population densities and increased extinction probability.
To test this prediction empirically, we conducted a multigenerational aphid‐parasitoid microcosm experiment in which we followed population dynamics under 14 and 18 h daylight treatments.
As predicted, we found an increased extinction rate of both aphids and parasitoids with longer daylengths. The long‐day treatments also exhibited higher temporal variation in parasitoid numbers and increased cumulative parasitoid population size, consistent with the prediction that increased aphid extinctions are due to increased parasitoid attack rates.
Our results demonstrate that light regime can affect the dynamics of interacting species and potentially limit the co‐existence of hosts and parasitoids, as well as other trophically interacting taxa where activity patterns are dependent on the light regime. This highlights the importance of the rarely considered effect of changing daylight conditions associated with climate change–driven range shifts, which could limit poleward range shifts due to changing ecological interactions.
Association of immunosuppression treatment with generalization among patients with ocular myasthenia gravis: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Ruan Zhe , Guo Rongjing , Zhou Hongyu , Gao Feng , Lin Ye , Xu Quan , Yu Liping , Wu Songdi , Lei Tao , Zhang Min , Gao Yanwu , Lu Xiaodan , Li Huanhuan , Sun Chao , Tang Baoli , Li Zhuyi , Chang Ting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze disease generalization in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) treated with immunosuppression compared with patients without immunosuppression treatment.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from patients with OMG at seven medical centers in China from January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2019 and compared disease generalization in patients (treated with immunosuppression vs. not treated) within 2 years of disease onset using raw and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses.ResultsIn the study population of 813 patients with OMG, 425 (52.3%) with immunosuppression had a mean (SD) onset age of 50.0 (15.1) years, and 188 (44.2%) were women. The remaining 388 (47.7%) patients were not immunosuppressed (mean age, 48.4 [15.0] years; 185 [47.7%] women). Disease generalization developed in 122 (31.4%) and 37 (8.7%) patients in the non‐immunosuppression and immunosuppression groups, respectively. Relative to non‐immunosuppression, immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of generalization in a multivariable‐adjusted Cox model (hazard ratio [HR] 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.40; p < 0.001) and IPTW‐weighted Cox model (HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.19–0.42; p < 0.001). In sensitivity analyses, longer duration of immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of generalization (HR 0.90 for every 1‐month increase; 95% CI 0.87–0.92; p < 0.001; IPTW‐adjusted). Combination therapy with steroids and non‐steroidal immunosuppressants showed superior efficacy in reducing the risk of generalization (HR 0.14; 95% CI 0.07–0.26; p < 0.001).ConclusionImmunosuppression significantly reduced the 2‐year risk of generalization in patients with OMG.