bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Based on the Montreux Definition in Neonates with Sepsis: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Hu Ya , Chen Xinhong , Wang Fang , Li Chun , Yue Weihong , Wei Hong 
Published: March 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to analyze the risk factors for neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS) development based on the Montreux definition among near- and full-term neonates with sepsis and received meropenem.
Study Design This was a single-center, case–control, retrospective trial from January 2019 to June 2020. Newborns of gestational ages (GAs) ≥35 weeks, diagnosed with sepsis and received meropenem were included. Patients who developed NARDS subsequently were defined as the study group (NARDS group), while the others without NARDS were enrolled in the control group (non-NARDS group).
Results Out of 213 eligible neonates, NARDS occurred in 52 (24.4%) cases. In univariate analysis, infants with NARDS had a lower GA and birth weight, but a higher rate of premature birth (p <0.05). The median onset times of sepsis were earlier among neonates with NARDS compared with those without NARDS (1 [1,1] vs. 6 [1,15] days, p <0.001). Neonates with NARDS were more likely to suffer from early-onset sepsis (EOS), persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns, pulmonary hemorrhage, septic shock, and patent ductus arteriosus (p <0.05). During labor, women whose neonates experienced NARDS were more likely to have a cesarean delivery (67.3 vs. 46.6%, p = 0.009) and likely to receive at least one dose of corticosteroids (21.2 vs. 5.0%, p = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, factors remaining independently associated with NARDS were premature birth, cesarean delivery, EOS, and septic shock. Compared with conventional inflammatory markers for NARDS, procalcitonin (PCT) was correlated with septic neonates who developed NARDS (p = 0.012) but had a low diagnostic value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.609). C-reactive protein, white blood cells, and PLT did not correlate with morbidity of NARDS (AUC <0.05 and p >0.05).
Conclusion Premature birth, cesarean delivery, EOS, and septic shock were independently associated with NARDS among near- and full-term septic neonates. PCT showed limited predictive value for NARDS.
Key Points
Development and Evaluation of Khellin-loaded Microemulgel for Dermatological Applications
Authors: Grifoni Lucia , Vanti Giulia , Vannucchi Maria Giuliana , Bergonzi Maria Camilla , Bilia Anna Rita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroemulsions are optically nanosized emulsions, isotropic and thermodynamically stable. They represent versatile drug delivery systems with high potential because they can be administered
regardless of route. In the present study, we report on the formulation of a microemulsion made with glycerol (2.25%), Labrasol (20.25%) vitamin E acetate (2.50%), and water (75.00%), which
was developed using the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Globules of the microemulsion had PdI less than 0.25 and size of about 17 nm, evaluated by DLS analysis. These values did not change
after loading khellin, a natural lipophilic molecule with interesting biological activities, used as a model of lipophilic drug. Carboxymethyl cellulose was selected as gelling polymer to
obtain a microemulgel. Viscosity was 22 100.0 ± 1555.6 mPas·s at 21 ± 2 °C, while it was 8916.5 ± 118.1 mPas·s at 35 ± 2 °C, remaining stable over time. Khellin recovery was 93.16 ± 4.39%
and was unchanged after 4 weeks of storage (93.23 ± 2.14%). The pH was 6.59 ± 0.19 and it was found to be 6.42 ± 0.34 at the end of the storage lifetime. The diffusion of khellin from the
developed formulation was prolonged over an extended period. Based on overall results and due to the dermatological properties of the ingredients of the formulation, the developed
microemulgel loaded with khellin is very promising and suitable for skin care applications.
Managing Uncertainty: Physicians' Decision Making for Stroke Prevention for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ivany Elena , Lotto Robyn R. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Lane Deirdre A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an area of clinical equipoise. Little is known about the tools and processes that physicians use to make decisions regarding anticoagulation in this high-risk patient population.
Objective To explore physicians' decision-making process regarding stroke prevention in patients with AF and a recent history of ICH.
Methods Qualitative study, utilizing semistructured interviews and analyzed using Framework analysis.
Results Twenty physicians from five European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom) participated. The overarching theme “Managing uncertainty,” addressed the process of making high-risk clinical decisions in the context of little available robust clinical evidence for best practice. Three subthemes were identified under the umbrella theme: (1) “Computing the risks,” captured the challenge of balancing the risks of ischemic stroke with the risk of recurrent ICH in a complex patient population; (2) “Patient factors” highlighted the influence that physician-perceived patients' beliefs and previous experience of stroke had on physicians' decisions; and (3) “Making a decision” explored the process of reaching a final decision regarding initiation of OAC therapy or not.
Conclusion Physicians described the process of deciding on stroke prevention in patients with AF post-ICH as “challenging” due to considerable “clinical equipoise.” Key factors that affected decision making were patient comorbidities, functional status, and patient willingness to engage with OAC therapy. Shared decision making was believed to be beneficial, but physicians believed that the ultimate responsibility to decide on stroke prevention lay with the clinician.
Emerging Multiple Parasite Reinfection as Neglected Tropical Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Alatas Fatima Safira , Pratiwi Aldisa Ayu , Kurniawan Agnes , Pudjiadi Antonius Hocky 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil-transmitted helminth infection is endemic in Indonesia, with cases of reinfection despite individualized therapy and a mass treatment program. Three cases of multiple helminth infections were described that might be associated with chronic bloody diarrhea and stunted growth. These case series alert pediatricians that untreated helminthic infections are part of the differential diagnosis in children with gastrointestinal bleeding. Environmental surveillance should be performed in high-risk areas to prevent reinfection and growth alteration. In endemic areas, bloody diarrhea warns for an early routine fecal analysis. Correct diagnosis, prompt treatment, and source control are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
FeNO in Asthma
Authors: Loewenthal Lola , Menzies-Gow Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAsthma is a common disease affecting 350 million people worldwide, which is characterized by airways inflammation and hyperreactivity. Historically diagnosis and treatment have been mainly based on symptoms, which have the potential to result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) is exhaled in human breath and is a marker of airways inflammation. Levels of NO are increased in the exhaled breath of patients with type 2 asthma and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) provides an objective biomarker of airway inflammation. FeNO testing is an accessible, noninvasive, and easy-to-use test. Cut-off values have been established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) but vary between guidance. FeNO levels have been shown to be predictive of blood and sputum eosinophil levels but should not be used in isolation and current guidance emphasizes the importance of incorporating clinical symptoms and testing when utilizing FeNO results. The inclusion of FeNO testing can increase diagnostic accuracy of asthma, while high levels in asthmatic patients can help predict response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and suppression of levels with ICS to monitor adherence. FeNO levels are also a predictor of asthma risk with increased exacerbation rates and accelerated decline in lung function associated with high levels as well as having an emerging role in predicting response to some biologic therapies in severe asthma. FeNO testing is cost-effective and has been shown, when combined with clinical assessment, to improve asthma management.
Similarities and Differences in Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions Among Four FDA-Approved Devices
Authors: Parthasarathy Teralandur K. , Klostermann Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSimilarities and differences in distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) among four Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved devices were assessed quantitatively. DPOAEs were recorded from 42 adult subjects (84 ears) ranging in age from 19 to 40 years. All subjects had hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better for the test frequencies from 0.25 to 8.0 kHz and normal acoustic immittance findings. DPOAEs were collected in a quiet non-sound-treated room. DPOAE measurement parameters included an f2/f1 ratio of ~1.2, with f1 at 65 dB SPL (L1) and f2 at 55 dB SPL (L2). There were no significant differences in the mean emissions levels among the four devices. This investigation showed that validity criteria, pass criteria, and strategies for DPOAE measurements interact to produce varying pass and refer results. However, when DPOAEs are obtained with consistent validity criteria, pass criteria, and strategies for measurement, the results are remarkably consistent.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CNS = central nervous system, DPOAEs = distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, FDA = Food and Drug Administration, L = level, OAEs = otoacoustic emissions, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Interactive Effects of Low–Pass Filtering and Masking Noise on Word Recognition
Authors: Scott Teri , Green Walter B. , Stuart Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA word recognition in noise paradigm was employed to examine temporal resolution in individuals with simulated hearing loss. Word recognition scores were obtained for low-pass filtered speech (i.e., cutoff frequencies of 1000, 1250, and 1500 Hz) presented in continuous and interrupted noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of–10, 0, and 10 dB. Performance improved with increasing SNR and low–pass frequency filter settings. Generally, word recognition performance was better in the interrupted noise condition than the continuous noise condition. This effect was greatest in the -10 dB SNR condition. Since the continuous/interrupted performance difference steadily declined as a function of low-pass filter cutoff frequency, these findings suggest that one factor leading to poorer speech recognition in individuals with high–frequency hearing impairment may be their dependence on low-frequency hearing channels that are inherently poorer than high-frequency channels for temporal resolution.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, MS = multiple sclerosis, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Intraoperative Auditory Assessments as Predictors of Hearing Preservation After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Tucker Anne , Slattery William H. , Solcyk Linda , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the association of intraoperative auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and near-field cochlear nerve action potentials (CNAPs) with postoperative hearing preservation in acoustic tumor surgery. Thirty-three consecutive patients undergoing middle fossa surgery had intraoperative surface ABR and direct CNAP assessments. Postoperatively, hearing was assessed. Hearing preservation was defined as any measurable hearing at any frequency and also by the American Academy of Otolaryngology– Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) hearing preservation classification system. The presence of an ABR or CNAP was associated with hearing preservation and the absence of an ABR, and CNAP was associated with no hearing preservation in 75.6 percent of the cases. The presence of either the ABR or CNAP was not related to AAO-HNS class outcome. ABR and CNAP had a useful rate of prediction of hearing preservation surgery outcome. However, in nearly one-quarter of the cases, no association between ABR or CNAP responses and hearing preservation was found. This finding must be taken into account when determining the clinical usefulness of these techniques.
Abbreviations: AAO-HNS = American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, ABR = auditory brainstem response, CNAP = cochlear nerve action potential, Fpz = frontoproximal midline, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, PTA = pure-tone average, SDS = speech discrimination score
Optimizing Electrode and Filter Selection in Cochlear Implant Speech Processor Maps
Authors: Henshall Katherine R. , McKay Colette M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined two hypotheses: that speech understanding of cochlear implantees could be improved by removing electrodes that exhibit nontonotopic percepts from the speech processor map and that speech understanding could be improved by extending the range of high frequencies that are mapped to the electrodes. Electrodes producing nontonotopic percepts were identified using a multidimensional scaling procedure with seven users of the Nucleus CI22 implant and Spectra processor. Two experimental maps were created with those electrodes removed: the first using the same set of filters as their clinical map and the second using the complete set of filters available. After periods of take-home experience, speech perception was tested and compared for the two experimental maps and their own clinical map. It was found that removing nontonotopic electrodes did not improve speech perception, possibly due to the deleterious side effect of shifting the frequency-to-electrode allocation. Also, extending the high-frequency range of the map did not improve speech perception, possibly due to the poor sensitivity of this processor to high-frequency sounds.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CNC = consonant-nucleus-consonant, MDS = multidimensional scaling, SIT = Speech Intelligibility Test, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Sentence Recognition Materials Based on Frequency of Word Use and Lexical Confusability
Authors: Bell Theodore S. , Wilson Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sentence stimuli developed in this project combined aspects from several traditional approaches to speech audiometry. Sentences varied with respect to frequency of word use and phonetic confusability. Familiar consonant-vowel-consonant words, nouns and modifiers, were used to form 500 sentences of seven to nine syllables. Based on concepts from the Neighborhood Activation Model for spoken word recognition, each sentence contained three key words that were all characterized as high- or low-use frequency and high or low lexical confusability. Use frequency was determined by published indices of word use, and lexical confusability was defined by a metric based on the number of other words that were similar to a given word using a single phoneme substitution algorithm. Thirty-two subjects with normal hearing were randomly assigned to one of seven presentation levels in quiet, and an additional 32 listeners were randomly assigned to a fixed-level noise background at one of six signal-to-noise ratios. The results indicated that in both quiet and noise listening conditions, high-use words were more intelligible than low-use words, and there was an advantage for phonetically unique words; the position of the key word in the sentence was also a significant factor. These data formed the basis for a sequence of experiments that isolated significant nonacoustic sources of variation in spoken word recognition.
Abbreviations: CVC = consonant-vowel-consonant, HD = high frequency of use word from a dense neighborhood, HS = high frequency of use word from a sparse neighborhood, LD = low frequency of use word from a dense neighborhood, LS = low frequency of use word from a sparse neighborhood, NAM = Neighborhood Activation Model, SIN = Speech in Noise, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Effects of Release Time and Directionality on Unilateral and Bilateral Hearing Aid Fittings in Complex Sound Fields
Authors: Novick Marni L. , Bentler Ruth A. , Dittberner Andrew , Flamme Gregory A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn studies to date, the effectiveness of the directional microphone has been investigated independently of the signal processing scheme used in the hearing aid. In addition, the number and placement of the background noise speakers can create an advantage for a particular polar pattern (i.e., cardioid, supercardioid, and hypercardioid) in any laboratory design. With these considerations in mind, the purpose of this investigation was twofold: (1) to determine the effect of different amplitude-compression release times on speech perception ability in noise, measured with directional microphone hearing aids, and (2) to determine the impact of environment (classroom vs anechoic chamber) on those measures. Ten subjects with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated. Using an eight-speaker complex sound field, speech perception was assessed in an anechoic chamber and a typical classroom environment. None of the release times resulted in superior performance in either the anechoic or classroom environment.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, BTE = behind the ear, HINT = Hearing in Noise Test, ITE = in the ear, KEMAR = Knowles Electronics Mannikin for Acoustic Research, RBCF = randomized blocks completely factorial, RT = reverberation time, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, SPIN = Speech Perception in Noise (test), TR = release time
The latitudinal temperature gradient and its climate dependence as inferred from foraminiferal δ18O over the past 95 million years
Authors: Gaskell Daniel E. , Huber Matthew , O’Brien Charlotte L. , Inglis Gordon N. , Acosta R. Paul , Poulsen Christopher J. , Hull Pincelli M. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe temperature difference between low and high latitudes is one measure of the efficiency of the global climate system in redistributing heat and is used to test the ability of models to represent the climate system through time. Here, we show that the latitudinal temperature gradient has exhibited a consistent inverse relationship with global mean sea-surface temperature for at least the past 95 million years. Our results help reduce conflicts between climate models and empirical estimates of temperature and argue for a fundamental consistency in the dynamics of heat transport and radiative transfer across vastly different background states.
Metamorphism-facilitated faulting in deforming orthopyroxene: Implications for global intermediate-depth seismicity
Authors: Shi Feng , Wang Yanbin , Wen Jianguo , Yu Tony , Zhu Lupei , Huang Taizi , Wang Kelin 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The exothermic metamorphic reaction in orthopyroxene (Opx), a major component of oceanic lithospheric mantle, is shown to trigger brittle failure in laboratory deformation experiments under conditions where garnet exsolution takes place. The reaction product is an extremely fine-grained material, forming narrow reaction zones that are mechanically weak, thereby facilitating macroscopic faulting. Oceanic subduction zones are characterized by two separate bands of seismicity, known as the double seismic zone. The upper band of seismicity, located in the oceanic crust, is well explained by dehydration-induced mechanical instability. Our newly discovered metamorphism-induced mechanical instability provides an alternative physical mechanism for earthquakes in the lower band of seismicity (located in the oceanic lithospheric mantle), with no requirement of hydration/dehydration processes.
Phosphonate production by marine microbes: Exploring new sources and potential function
Authors: Acker Marianne , Hogle Shane L. , Berube Paul M. , Hackl Thomas , Coe Allison , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Chisholm Sallie W. , Repeta Daniel J. 
Published: March 2022

SignificancePhosphonates are a class of phosphorus metabolites characterized by a highly stable C-P bond. Phosphonates accumulate to high concentrations in seawater, fuel a large fraction of marine methane production, and serve as a source of phosphorus to microbes inhabiting nutrient-limited regions of the oligotrophic ocean. Here, we show that 15% of all bacterioplankton in the surface ocean have genes phosphonate synthesis and that most belong to the abundant groupsProchlorococcusand SAR11. Genomic and chemical evidence suggests that phosphonates are incorporated into cell-surface phosphonoglycoproteins that may act to mitigate cell mortality by grazing and viral lysis. These results underscore the large global biogeochemical impact of relatively rare but highly expressed traits in numerically abundant groups of marine bacteria.
Perfectionism and performance‐related psychobiosocial states: The mediating role of competition appraisals
Authors: Ruiz Montse C. , Appleton Paul R. , Duda Joan L. , Bortoli Laura , Robazza Claudio 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTUsing the multi‐states (MuSt) theory as a framework, the present study focused on the individual (personality) antecedents of psychobiosocial states. Psychobiosocial states comprise emotional subjective experiences and their correlates (cognitive, motivational, volitional, bodily, motor‐behavioural, operational, and communicative), that can be functional for performance (helpful) or dysfunctional (harmful). Specifically, we examined the relationships between two perfectionism dimensions (perfectionistic strivings and concerns) and functional and dysfunctional psychobiosocial states. The hypothesized mediational role of competitive appraisals was also tested. Participants (N = 271, 138 female, 133 male, M age = 22.74 ± 7.01) completed questionnaires assessing the targeted variables. Structural equation modelling revealed that perfectionistic strivings were positive predictors of functional states directly and via challenge appraisals. On the other hand, perfectionistic concerns were positive predictors of dysfunctional states directly and via threat appraisals. Results provide support to MuSt theory and extend the literature on the antecedents of athletes’ performance‐related feeling states. Findings also provide support for the holistic conceptualization of psychobiosocial states encompassing the functionality dimension. The results highlight the importance of developing interventions aimed at helping athletes high in perfectionistic concerns evaluate situations as a challenge (and less of a threat) and increasing their perceived resources.Highlights
Perfectionistic strivings positively related to functional psychobiosocial states
Perfectionistic concerns positively related to dysfunctional psychobiosocial states
Competitive challenge appraisals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and functional psychobiosocial states
Competitive threat appraisals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic concerns and dysfunctional psychobiosocial states