bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s Complicated: Minority Stress, Social Support, In-Group Social Contact, and Sexual Minority Older Adults’ Well-Being
Authors: Detwiler Bethany P , Caskie Grace I L , Johnson Nicole L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe applied the Minority Stress Model to sexual minority older adults to examine how distal minority stressors of ageism and heterosexism related to psychological well-being (life satisfaction, quality of life, psychological distress, and loneliness). We investigated social support and in-group social contact as stress-ameliorating factors and tested for a potential intersection of stress due to minority identities.Research Design and MethodsA sample of 189 sexual minority older adults (50–86 years; M = 60.41) completed survey measures online. Hierarchical regression analyses with interaction terms were utilized to test study hypotheses.ResultsFindings offered partial support for the Minority Stress Model. Large effect sizes were obtained, explaining 32%–56% of the variance in psychological well-being with models including ageism, heterosexism, stress-ameliorating factors, and demographics. Ageism and heterosexism related to greater psychological distress; however, heterosexism became nonsignificant after controlling for stress-ameliorating factors. Ageism and heterosexism’s relations to loneliness and quality of life followed similar patterns. Social support was a strong predictor of better psychological well-being for all measures. In-group social contact buffered against distress resulting from ageism, but heightened distress resulting from heterosexism. The interaction of ageism and heterosexism was not significant.Discussion and ImplicationsAgeism was a distinct source of distress for sexual minority older adults. Although social support emerged as crucial to well-being, the mixed findings related to in-group contact as a stress-ameliorating factor may indicate a need for tailored social engagement to optimize community connection as protective for sexual minority older adults.
The Manchurian Walnut Genome: Insights into Juglone and Lipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Xiang , Cai Kewei , Zhang Qinhui , Pei Xiaona , Chen Song , Jiang Luping , Han Zhiming , Zhao Minghui , Li Yan , Zhang Xinxin , Li Yuxi , Zhang Shikai , Chen Su , Qu Guanzheng , Tigabu Mulualem , Chiang Vincent L , Sederoff Ronald , Zhao Xiyang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is a tree with multiple industrial uses and medicinal properties in the Juglandaceae family (walnuts and hickories). J. mandshurica produces juglone, which is a toxic allelopathic agent and has potential utilization value. Furthermore, the seed of J. mandshurica is rich in various unsaturated fatty acids and has high nutritive value.

Findings
Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome assembly and annotation for J. mandshurica (n = 16) with a contig N50 of 21.4 Mb by combining PacBio high-fidelity reads with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture data. The assembled genome has an estimated sequence size of 548.7 Mb and consists of 657 contigs, 623 scaffolds, and 40,453 protein-coding genes. In total, 60.99% of the assembled genome consists of repetitive sequences. Sixteen super-scaffolds corresponding to the 16 chromosomes were assembled, with a scaffold N50 length of 33.7 Mb and a BUSCO complete gene percentage of 98.3%. J. mandshurica displays a close sequence relationship with Juglans cathayensis, with a divergence time of 13.8 million years ago. Combining the high-quality genome, transcriptome, and metabolomics data, we constructed a gene-to-metabolite network and identified 566 core and conserved differentially expressed genes, which may be involved in juglone biosynthesis. Five CYP450 genes were found that may contribute to juglone accumulation. NAC, bZip, NF-YA, and NF-YC are positively correlated with the juglone content. Some candidate regulators (e.g., FUS3, ABI3, LEC2, and WRI1 transcription factors) involved in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis were also identified.

Conclusions
Our genomic data provide new insights into the evolution of the walnut genome and create a new platform for accelerating molecular breeding and improving the comprehensive utilization of these economically important tree species.
A risk variant for Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma at chr8p23.1 affects enhancer activity and implicates multiple gene targets
Authors: Ali Mourad Wagdy , Chen Jianhong , Yan Li , Wang Xiaoyu , Dai James Y , Vaughan Thomas L , Casey Graham , Buas Matthew F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nineteen genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett’s esophagus (BE) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Clinical translation of such discoveries, however, has been hindered by the slow pace of discovery of functional/causal variants and gene targets at these loci. We previously developed a systematic informatics pipeline to prioritize candidate functional variants using functional potential scores, applied the pipeline to select high-scoring BE/EAC risk loci and validated a functional variant at chr19p13.11 (rs10423674). Here, we selected two additional prioritized loci for experimental interrogation: chr3p13/rs1522552 and chr8p23.1/rs55896564. Candidate enhancer regions encompassing these variants were evaluated using luciferase reporter assays in two EAC cell lines. One of the two regions tested exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity – 8p23.1/rs55896564. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the putative enhancer in EAC cell lines correlated with reduced expression of three candidate gene targets: B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2) and cathepsin B (CTSB). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping in normal esophagus and stomach revealed strong associations between the BE/EAC risk allele at rs55896564 (G) and lower expression of CTSB, a protease gene implicated in epithelial wound repair. These results further support the utility of functional potential scores for GWAS variant prioritization, and provide the first experimental evidence of a functional variant and risk enhancer at the 8p23.1 GWAS locus. Identification of CTSB, BLK and NEIL2 as candidate gene targets suggests that altered expression of these genes may underlie the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: El Hage Chehade Nabil , Ghoneim Sara , Shah Sagar , Chahine Anastasia , Mourad Fadi H , Francis Fadi F , Binion David G , Farraye Francis A , Hashash Jana G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been investigated as a treatment option for patients with inflammatory bowel disease with controversial results.
We sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of FMT in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Methods
Double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adult patients with active ulcerative colitis who received either FMT or placebo were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes of interest included the rate of combined clinical and endoscopic remission, endoscopic remission or response, clinical remission or response, and specific adverse events. The results were pooled together using Reviewer Manager 5.4 software. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger’s test.

Results
Six RCTs involving 324 patients were included. Our findings demonstrate that compared with placebo, FMT has significant benefit in inducing combined clinical and endoscopic remission (odds ratio, 4.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.19-7.72; P &lt; .0001). Subgroup analyses of influencing factors showed no differences between pooled or single stool donors (P = .71), fresh or frozen FMT (P = .35), and different routes or frequencies of delivery (P = .80 and .48, respectively). Pre-FMT antibiotics, bowel lavage, concomitant biologic therapy, and topical rectal therapy did not affect combined remission rates (P values of .47, .38, .28, and .40, respectively). Clinical remission or response and endoscopic remission or response were significantly higher in patients who received FMT compared with placebo (P &lt; .05) without any differences in serious or specific adverse events.

Conclusions
FMT demonstrated a clinical and endoscopic benefit in the short-term treatment of active ulcerative colitis, with a comparable safety profile to placebo. Future RCTs are required to standardize study protocols and examine data on maintenance therapy.
Spurious solutions for high-order curl problems
Authors: Hu Kaibo , Zhang Qian , Han Jiayu , Wang Lixiu , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate numerical solutions of high-order $\operatorname {curl}$ problems with various formulations and finite elements. We show that several classical conforming finite elements lead to spurious solutions, while mixed formulations with finite elements in complexes solve the problems correctly. To explain the numerical results, we clarify the cohomological structures in high-order $\operatorname {curl}$ problems by relating the partial differential equations to the Hodge–Laplacian boundary problems of the $\operatorname {grad}\operatorname {curl}$ complexes.
Placental Injury and Antibody Transfer after Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy
Authors: Timi Patience , Kellerhals Sarah E , Joseph Naima T , Dude Carolynn M , Verkerke Hans P , Irby Les’Shon S , Smith Alicia K , Stowell Sean R , Jamieson Denise J , Badell Martina L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the relationship between placental histopathology and transplacental antibody transfer in pregnant patients after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.MethodsDifferences in plasma concentrations of anti-receptor biding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies in maternal and cord blood were analyzed according to presence of placental injury.ResultsMedian anti-RBD IgG concentrations in cord blood with placental injury (n = 7) did not differ significantly from those without injury (n = 16) (median 2.7 [interquartile range {IQR}, 1.8–3.6] vs 2.7 [IQR, 2.4–2.9], P = 0.59). However, they were associated with lower transfer ratios (median 0.77 [IQR, 0.61–0.97] vs 0.97 [IQR, 0.80–1.01], P = 0.05).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 placental injury may mediate reduced maternal-fetal antibody transfer.
Reimagining Conflict Management Pedagogy through Fantastical Role-Play Simulations
Authors: Wehlan Cody W , Reinke Amanda J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research demonstrates that simulations encourage students to apply their understanding of theories and content, navigate problem-solving processes with peers, support student motivation for learning, and reflect afterward to enrich their comprehension of course materials. Peacebuilding and international relations scholars have implemented simulations to improve student learning and understanding about complex dilemmas, such as collective action, structural inequality, post-conflict reconstruction, climate change, disaster management, and terrorism. However, studies of real-life-based simulations also indicate that they may entrench, rather than subvert, students’ extant bias, perpetuate cultural misrepresentation, and pose logistical challenges for instructors and students. We thus add to scholarly debates about the utility of role-play simulations in internationalized pedagogy settings by asking and answering: Do adult learners perceive fantastical role-play simulations as effective teaching and learning tools for cross-cultural negotiation? We bridge disparate literature on (1) simulations as active learning tools, (2) real-life simulation approaches for teaching cross-cultural studies, and (3) creative play pedagogy to investigate the utility of fantastical simulation as a pedagogical approach for teaching cross-cultural negotiation theories. While we examined the perceived effectiveness of fantastical simulations for adult learners in a graduate-level course, more research is needed to understand their utility in other classrooms and disciplines.
Suitability of SoToxa® Oral Fluid Screening Over Time: Re-Examination of Drugged Driving in Wisconsin
Authors: Savage Theodore , Sanders Therese , Pieters Ryan , Miles Amy , Barkholtz Heather 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Drug-impaired driver detection is a critical element of traffic safety. However, shifting drug use patterns over time and geography may limit the long-term reliability of assay-based screening tools. In this work, we compare qualitative results from the Abbott SoToxa® oral fluid (OF) screening device to Quantisal™ OF and whole blood. Our objective was to examine these three qualitative toxicological approaches, scope applicability of OF collection at the roadside, and compare them with a previous analysis of SoToxa® in Wisconsin. OF specimens were screened with the SoToxa® for six drugs or drug classes including amphetamine, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). OF and blood specimens were collected from 106 participants. Quantisal™ OF and blood specimens were screened for drugs on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC–QToF-HRMS) using a data-independent acquisition mode. UPLC–QToF-HRMS data were compared to comprehensive spectral libraries, and drugs were qualitatively identified. Drug Recognition Expert evaluations were performed, and face sheets submitted for 21 participants in this work. In general, the SoToxa® results were consistent with the combined qualitative results observed in Quantisal™ OF specimens and whole blood specimens. Limitations were uncovered for benzodiazepines, opioids and THC. The SoToxa® benzodiazepine assay has high cutoff concentrations for diazepam and clonazepam, limiting its sensitivity and positive predictive value when considering these drugs. SoToxa® opioid screening did not detect fentanyl, which is increasingly prevalent among drug users. Finally, ∆9-THC and its major metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-THC are lipophilic, limiting partitioning into OF. Despite these limitations, the SoToxa® instrument may be useful in assisting law enforcement with identifying individuals driving under the influence of drugs and establishing probable cause at roadside for making impaired driving arrests. Furthermore, Quantisal™ OF may be useful as screening specimens due to their ease of collection and results consistent with whole blood.
Integration of Control Strategies to Optimize Management of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and Phytophthora Root Rot (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) in Flowering Dogwoods (Cornalaes: Cornaceae) After Simulated Flooding
Authors: Neupane Krishna , Ojha Vivek K , Oliver Jason B , Addesso Karla M , Baysal-Gurel Fulya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and Phytophthora root rot (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) cause significant damage to the ornamental industry in the United States. In this study, mefenoxam (fungicide), permethrin (insecticide), and charcoal + kaolin were used in different combinations with Phytophthora cinnamomi (Rands: Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) inoculated and noninoculated plants to optimize the management of ambrosia beetles and Phytophthora root rot. Treatment applications were performed in two trials on 1 (mefenoxam, drench), 18 (P. cinnamomi inoculation), or 19 (permethrin, spray) days before instigating flood stress or 2 d after flood stress (charcoal + kaolin, spray), respectively. Flooding was maintained for 21 d. Ambrosia beetle attacks and plant growth data were recorded. Tree roots were rated at study end for disease severity and root samples were plated on PARPH-V8 medium to determine the percentage of pathogen recovery. In both trials, the combination of mefenoxam + permethrin treatment had reduced disease severity and ambrosia beetle attacks compared to the inoculated controls. Permethrin-treated trees had shorter galleries compared to controls in trial 1 and no gallery formation in trial 2. In both trials, no differences were observed among the treatments in numbers of galleries with eggs and adults, but mefenoxam + charcoal + kaolin had significantly fewer galleries with larvae among the noninoculated trees compared with the respective control in trial 1. Overall, treatments containing combinations of mefenoxam + permethrin had reduced disease severity and ambrosia beetle attacks.
Lack of Evidence for Fitness Costs in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) With Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Upper Midwest Region of the United States
Authors: Menger James P , Ribeiro Arthur V , Potter Bruce D , Valmorbida Ivair , Hodgson Erin W , Knodel Janet J , Koch Robert L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Twenty years after the arrival of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the United States, it remains the most economically important arthropod pest of soybean in the Upper Midwest Region. After years of repeated and sustained insecticidal pressures placed on the aphid, resistance to the pyrethroid class of insecticides has been documented in multiple years over a large geographic area. In this study, the fitness of aphid isolates displaying resistant and susceptible phenotypes to λ-cyhalothrin were compared within several experiments over three soybean-growing seasons. Rates of population increase were evaluated on whole plants in the greenhouse, intrinsic rates of increase were calculated from leaf discs in the laboratory, and aphid size and asymmetry were compared through tibial measurements. No evidence of a fitness cost associated with the resistant phenotype was seen in any of our experiments. In contrast, individual resistant isolates occasionally supported significantly higher fitness values than some susceptible isolates. Additionally, a pooled analysis comparing resistant and susceptible phenotypes across years and isolates revealed that, on average, the resistant phenotype had significantly higher fitness values than the susceptible phenotype in most experiments. The lack of reproductive fitness costs associated with the pyrethroid-resistant phenotype raises concerns for longevity of pyrethroid use in soybean aphid management.
Gut Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Welsh Onion-producing Areas of North China
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Chen Chen , Wang Xingya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in digestion, development, nutritional metabolism, and detoxification in insects. However, scant information exists on the gut bacterial variation, composition, and community structure of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and how its gut microbiota has adapted to different geographical environments. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we detected 3,837,408 high-quality reads and 1,457 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 47 gut samples of S. exigua collected from ten sites in northern China. Overall, we identified 697 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, among which Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. Gut bacterial alpha-diversity metrics revealed significant differences among these populations. We detected the highest alpha bacterial diversity in Xinming, northern Liaoning Province, and the lowest bacterial diversity in Zhangwu, western Liaoning Province. Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of S. exigua in Liaoning Province was significantly different from that of other populations. There was a similar microbial community structure among populations in the adjacent province, suggesting that the environment influences bacterial succession in this pest. Finally, PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that microbial functions closely associated with the gut microbiomes mainly included membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and replication, and amino acid metabolism.
Elevated ozone inhibits isoprene emission of a diploid and a triploid genotype of Populus tomentosa by different mechanisms
Authors: Li Shuangjiang , Feng Zhaozhong , Yuan Xiangyang , Wang Miaomiao , Agathokleous Evgenios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution affects plant growth and isoprene (ISO) emission. However, the response mechanism of isoprene emission rate (ISOrate) to elevated O3 (EO3) remains poorly understood. ISOrate was investigated in two genotypes (diploid and triploid) of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) exposed to EO3 in an open top chamber system. The triploid genotype had higher photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) than the diploid one. EO3 significantly decreased A, gs, and ISOrate of middle and lower leaves in both genotypes. In the diploid genotype, the reduction of ISOrate was caused by a systematic decrease related to ISO synthesis capacity, as indicated by decreased contents of the isoprene precursor dimethylallyl diphosphate and decreased isoprene synthase protein and activity. On the other hand, the negative effect of O3 on ISOrate of the triploid genotype did not result from inhibited ISO synthesis capacity, but from increased ISO oxidative loss within the leaf. Our findings will be useful for breeding poplar genotypes with high yield and lower ISOrate, depending on local atmospheric volatile organic compound/NOx ratio, to cope with both the rising O3 concentrations and increasing biomass demand. They can also inform the incorporation of O3 effects into process-based models of isoprene emission.
The observability of galaxy merger signatures in nearby gas-rich spirals
Authors: McElroy Rebecca , Bottrell Connor , Hani Maan H , Moreno Jorge , Croom Scott M , Hayward Christopher C , Twum Angela , Feldmann Robert , Hopkins Philip F , Hernquist Lars , Husemann Bernd 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Galaxy mergers are crucial to understanding galaxy evolution, therefore we must determine their observational signatures to select them from large IFU galaxy samples such as MUSE and SAMI. We employ 24 high-resolution idealized hydrodynamical galaxy merger simulations based on the ‘Feedback In Realistic Environment’ (FIRE-2) model to determine the observability of mergers to various configurations and stages using synthetic images and velocity maps. Our mergers cover a range of orbital configurations at fixed 1:2.5 stellar mass ratio for two gas rich spirals at low redshift. Morphological and kinematic asymmetries are computed for synthetic images and velocity maps spanning each interaction. We divide the interaction sequence into three: (1) the pair phase; (2) the merging phase; and (3) the post-coalescence phase. We correctly identify mergers between first pericentre passage and 500 Myr after coalescence using kinematic asymmetry with 66 per cent completeness, depending upon merger phase and the field of view of the observation. We detect fewer mergers in the pair phase (40 per cent) and many more in the merging and post-coalescence phases (97 per cent). We find that merger detectability decreases with field of view, except in retrograde mergers, where centrally concentrated asymmetric kinematic features enhances their detectability. Using a cut-off derived from a combination of photometric and kinematic asymmetry, we increase these detections to 89 per cent overall, 79 per cent in pairs, and close to 100 per cent in the merging and post-coalescent phases. By using this combined asymmetry cut-off we mitigate some of the effects caused by smaller fields of view subtended by massively multiplexed integral field spectroscopy programmes.