bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoantibody profiles associated with morbidity and mortality in scleroderma renal crisis
Authors: Tsuji Hideaki , Kuramoto Nobuo , Sasai Tsuneo , Shirakashi Mirei , Onizawa Hideo , Kitagori Koji  , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Watanabe Ryu , Onishi Akira , Murakami Kosaku , Yoshifuji Hajime , Tanaka Masao , Hashimoto Motomu , Ohmura Koichiro , Morinobu Akio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate association of autoantibodies with scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) among Japanese patients.

Methods
The clinical characteristics and mortality of 330 patients with sytemic screlosis (SSc) at Kyoto University Hospital were retrospectively analysed, focusing on possible association with anti-topoisomerase I (anti-topo I), anti-centromere (ACA), anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) and/or anti-U1-RNP. Logistic regression analyses were performed to reveal any association of these autoantibodies with the development and mortality of SRC.

Results
SRC was observed in 24 out of 330 SSc patients, including patients with anti-topo I (n = 12/24, 50%), anti-RNAPIII (n = 7/24, 29%), anti-U1-RNP (n = 5/24, 21%) and ACA (n = 3/24, 13%). Anti-U1-RNP [odds ratio (95% CI), 3.63 (1.11, 10.2)], anti-topo I [3.22 (1.37, 7.57)] and anti-RNAPIII (3.29 [1.16, 8.70]) were associated with the development of SRC. Furthermore, anti-topo I [6.00 (1.11, 41.1)] was associated with 1-year mortality of SRC. The 1-year survival rate after the onset of SRC among all patients and among those positive for anti-topo I was 54% and 33%, respectively. In contrast, the survival rate in patients negative for anti-topo I was 75%, of which the survival rate of patients positive for anti-RNAPIII and ACA was 83% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion
Specific SSc-related autoantibodies were associated with the morbidity and mortality of SRC.
Social Consequences of Homeownership: Evidence from the Home Ownership Scheme in Hong Kong
Authors: Miao Jia , Wu Xiaogang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Homeownership is expected to provide a wide range of social benefits. However, the empirical evidence for causation is weak, and knowledge beyond Western countries is even more limited. This article investigates how homeownership affects life satisfaction and subjective class identification in Hong Kong. The Home Ownership Scheme, a large-scale subsidized homeownership program based on a random draw, represents a quasi-experimental setting to identify the causal impact of homeownership. Based on the analyses of data from four waves of the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (HKPSSD) and instrumental variable estimation, we show that homeownership significantly improves life satisfaction among Hong Kong adults, and that those who own a home deem themselves as belonging to a higher social class. This study contributes to the understanding of homeownership effects by providing causal evidence from a Chinese society and sheds light on the effectiveness of housing policies that aim to promote homeownership in Hong Kong and beyond.
Race-Conscious Racism: Alibis for Racial Harm in the Classroom
Authors: Ray Ranita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI draw on three years of participant observations in one socio-economically marginalized public elementary and one middle school to document how teachers strategically mobilize the discursive landscape of race consciousness to 1) position themselves as racially progressive while perpetuating racial harm; 2) pathologize racially marginalized students, their families, and communities; and 3) engage in racial harassment. Drawing on these findings and adding to a body of work on race-conscious racial ideologies, I articulate some basic contours of race consciousness as an emerging racial ideology within educational institutions in an era of diversity: an increased interest in, and proliferation of, race discourse; the use of progressive language around race and racial inequality that involves defining racism as inscrutable and implicit bias as unavoidable; and racial education and acknowledgement of privilege as one of the dominant pathways to achieving racial justice. Race-conscious racism, thus, re-inscribes white supremacy and Black and brown racial suffering by obscuring its own nature as a form of racism. It allows white people to treat race-talk as racial justice, and therefore inherently virtuous. It is mobilized by those with racial power to pathologize communities of color and justify racial harm while simultaneously positioning themselves as both morally superior and anti-racist.
Cell Death and the p53 Enigma During Mammalian Embryonic Development
Authors: Raj Sonam , Jaiswal Sushil K , DePamphilis Melvin L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Twelve forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have been described in mammalian cells, but which of them occurs during embryonic development and the role played by the p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor remains enigmatic. Although p53 is not required for mouse embryonic development, some studies conclude that PCD in pluripotent embryonic stem cells from mice (mESCs) or humans (hESCs) is p53-dependent whereas others conclude that it is not. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of embryonic development and their applications in regenerative medicine, resolving this enigma is essential. This review reconciles contradictory results based on the facts that p53 cannot induce lethality in mice until gastrulation and that experimental conditions could account for differences in results with ESCs. Consequently, activation of the G2-checkpoint in mouse ESCs is p53-independent and generally, if not always, results in noncanonical apoptosis. Once initiated, PCD occurs at equivalent rates and to equivalent extents regardless of the presence or absence of p53. However, depending on experimental conditions, p53 can accelerate initiation of PCD in ESCs and late-stage blastocysts. In contrast, DNA damage following differentiation of ESCs in vitro or formation of embryonic fibroblasts in vivo induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence.
Knowledge-Driven Approaches to Create the MTox700+ Metabolite Panel for Predicting Toxicity
Authors: Sostare Elena , Lawson Thomas N , Saunders Lucy R , Colbourne John K , Weber Ralf J M , Sobanski Tomasz , Viant Mark R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Endogenous metabolite levels describe the molecular phenotype that is most downstream from chemical exposure. Consequently, quantitative changes in metabolite levels have the potential to predict mode-of-action and adversity, with regulatory toxicology predicated on the latter. However, toxicity-related metabolic biomarker resources remain highly fragmented and incomplete. Although development of the S1500+ gene biomarker panel has accelerated the application of transcriptomics to toxicology, a similar initiative for metabolic biomarkers is lacking. Our aim was to define a publicly available metabolic biomarker panel, equivalent to S1500+, capable of predicting pathway perturbations and/or adverse outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of multiple toxicological resources, yielding 189 proposed metabolic biomarkers from existing assays (BASF, Bowes-44, and Tox21), 342 biomarkers from databases (Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and Toxin and Toxin-Target Database), and 435 biomarkers from the literature. Evidence mapping across all 8 resources generated a panel of 722 metabolic biomarkers for toxicology (MTox700+), of which 462 (64%) are associated with molecular pathways and 575 (80%) with adverse outcomes. Comparing MTox700+ and S1500+ revealed that 418 (58%) metabolic biomarkers associate with pathways shared across both panels, with further metabolites mapping to unique pathways. Metabolite reference standards are commercially available for 646 (90%) of the panel metabolites, and assays exist for 578 (80%) of these biomarkers. This study has generated a publicly available metabolic biomarker panel for toxicology, which through its future laboratory deployment, is intended to help build foundational knowledge to support the generation of molecular mechanistic data for chemical hazard assessment.
Distributional patterns of Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) all over the world: a track analysis
Authors: Aguilar-Estrada Luis Gabriel , Morrone Juan J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe distributional patterns of the species of the mollusc subclass Vetigastropoda were analysed using the panbiogeographical method of track analysis. We analysed distributional data of 434 species and 72 genera of the world obtained from specialized literature and records in 12 malacological collections. We constructed the individual tracks for the species analysed and superimposed them, applying a parsimony analysis of endemicity with progressive character elimination. We identified 26 generalized tracks, extending in the Pacific Ocean (14), Indian Ocean (six), Atlantic Ocean (four), Mediterranean Sea (one) and Atlantic–Pacific Oceans (one). The generalized tracks show the complex relationships of the mollusc biota, representing geographical and phylogenetic boundaries of taxa with diverse geographical affinities. Five panbiogeographical nodes were identified by the intersection of two or more generalized tracks. Our analysis offers an approximation for understanding the distributional patterns of vetigastropod species worldwide from the perspective of evolutionary or historical biogeography. The results obtained for the Vetigastropoda coincide completely or in part with those previously presented for other taxa. The generalized tracks support hypotheses of primary biogeographical homology that might be corroborated by evidence from other different, phylogenetically unrelated taxa.
Adaptation to graviportality in Rhinocerotoidea? An investigation through the long bone shape variation in their hindlimb
Authors: Mallet Christophe , Billet Guillaume , Cornette Raphaël , Alexandra Houssaye And 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWeight support is a strong functional constraint modelling limb bones in heavy quadrupeds. However, the complex relations between bone shape, mass, size and body proportions have been poorly explored. Rhinocerotoidea is one of the groups showing the highest body mass reached by terrestrial mammals through time. Here, we explore the evolutionary variation of shape in hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod bones and its relationship with mass, size and gracility in this superfamily. Our results show that bones undergo a general increase in robustness towards high masses, associated with reinforcements of the main muscle insertions. The shape of the femur, carrying a marked phylogenetic signal, varies conjointly with mass, size and gracility, whereas that of the tibia appears related to gracility and mass only. The shape of the fibula does not vary according to that of the tibia. Moreover, congruent variation of shape between the distal part of the femur and the complete tibia underlines the potentially strong covariation of the elements constituting the knee joint. These results, coupled with those previously obtained from forelimb study, allow a better comprehension of the relationship between bone shape and mass among Rhinocerotoidea, and a refining of the concept of ‘graviportality’ in this superfamily.
Taking the Temperature of Distance Learners: Does University Climate Influence Perceptions of Belonging in a Distance Education Environment?
Authors: Sokolowich Janelle R. , Ferguson Patricia E. , Hendricks Kathryn R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

AIM
This study aimed to gain an understanding of how students’ perceptions of belonging are impacted by their observations of the cultural/racial climate and diversity and inclusion in a distance education environment.

BACKGROUND
Studies have evaluated students’ perceptions of belonging and racial climate in a physical environment; there is a gap in understanding those perceptions within a distance education environment.

METHOD
In 2019, an online survey was administered to distance learning students from four academic programs at a national university that provides education services in all 50 states.

RESULTS
Results of a multiple linear regression analysis showed that students’ perceptions of university inclusion and diversity efforts, experiences related to language barriers, and advisors played a significant role in students’ perceptions of belonging, F(4, 205) = 52.96, p < .000, with an R
2 of .51.

CONCLUSION
Supporting an equitable distance learning environment should be a paramount objective for universities.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: is it futile?
Authors: Kim Christin , Vigneshwar Mythili , Nicolato Patricia 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a treatment modality used to restore end-organ perfusion in the setting of refractory cardiac arrest in patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Despite advances in medicine, survival from cardiac arrest remains low with conventional CPR. The body of literature relating to ECPR is limited to retrospective studies and case series, with data that are inconsistent. Routine use of ECPR is not currently endorsed by the American Heart Association.

Recent findings
In several single-center retrospective studies, ECPR was associated with a higher level of return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge, when compared with conventional CPR. However, data from larger population-based registry studies have not reproduced these findings. Implementation of ECPR is a complex endeavor that requires specialized, multidisciplinary expertise to be successful.

Summary
ECPR may be considered as an adjunct to CPR in cases of refractory cardiac arrest. The success of ECPR relies on specialized expertise, thoughtful patient selection, and timely initiation.
Behavioral and social interventions to promote optimal HIV prevention and care continua outcomes in the United States
Authors: Gamarel Kristi E. , King Wesley M. , Operario Don 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of reviewThis review reports on trends in behavioral and social intervention research in the United States published over the past year (2020–2021) investigating HIV prevention and care outcomes, organized by the level of intervention focus – individual, dyadic, and organizational.Recent findingsResearchers have continued to develop and evaluate behavioral and social interventions to reduce HIV acquisition risk and disease progression. With few exceptions, social and behavioral interventions have primarily focused on individuals as the unit of behavior change. Interventions operating at the individual-, dyadic-, and organizational-level have made strides to reduce HIV transmission risk and disease progressing by addressing mental health, substance use, stigma, peer and romantic relationships, and, to some extent, structural vulnerabilities.SummarySocial and behavioral interventions continue to be critical in addressing HIV inequities in the United States. An important gap in the literature is the need for multilevel interventions designed and implemented within existing community-based organizations and local healthcare settings. We call on researchers to continue to attend to the structural, environmental, and economic vulnerabilities that shape HIV inequities in the development of multilevel approaches necessary to realize the full potential of existing and emerging HIV prevention and care strategies.
The innovative use of qualitative and mixed methods research to advance improvements along the HIV prevention and care continua
Authors: Arnold Emily A. , Campbell Chadwick K. , Koester Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Despite enormous advances in prevention and care modalities, HIV continues to burden populations around the globe and is largely driven by social and behavioral processes. Mixed methods and qualitative research endeavors are best suited to uncovering and making sense of these dynamics, producing unique and actionable findings to alleviate the burden of HIV. We reviewed the global literature published on PubMed from 2020 to 2021 to identify studies that produced new insights into the social and behavioral dynamics that drive the HIV epidemic, focusing on mixed methods or purely qualitative study designs.

Recent findings
Mixed methods and qualitative studies have revealed important nuances in the social and behavioral dynamics associated with the HIV prevention and care continua, from preexposure prophylaxis uptake and adherence to engagement in HIV care and treatment, and have important implications for attaining goals for controlling the epidemic.

Summary
Articles reviewed contribute to advancing our understanding of complex social dynamics, structural level factors such as healthcare systems and policy, as well as the research endeavor itself and the need to diversify and sustain research to truly represent the perspectives of those most impacted by HIV. Numerous studies represent the unique ability of qualitative and mixed methods research to expand our understanding of and empathy for individuals living with and affected by HIV, offering new insights to help alleviate the burden of HIV.
Interevaluator and Intraevaluator Reliability of Chest Wall Mobility Assessment in Young Asthmatics Subjects
Authors: Garcia-Araujo Adriana S. , Trimer Renata , da Luz Goulart Cassia , Caruso Flavia R. , Ricci Paula A. , Borghi–Silva Audrey 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability of chest wall mobility using cirtometry in individuals with asthma and controls.

Methods:
Twenty-six controlled individuals with asthma group (AG) and 12 healthy individuals control group (CG) underwent chest wall mobility assessed by cirtometry. The measurements were performed manually by 2 independent evaluators at 3 levels: axillary, xiphoid and abdominal using a tape, in 2 different days. For the analyses, the average of 3 measurements and the highest value were considered.

Results:
Interrater reliability in AG showed acceptable intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the axillary (0.76 and 0.75), good for the xiphoid (0.91 and 0.93), and abdominal level (0.91 and 0.91) for the average and highest value. In CG, ICC values were acceptable for the 3 levels: axillary (0.64 and 0.71), xiphoid (0.66 and 0.93), and abdominal level (0.61 and 0.91) also for the average and highest value. The analysis with the mean and the highest values found it acceptable for the axillary and good for the xiphoid and abdominal levels. Intrarater ICC was good for all levels in AG, axillary (0.86), xiphoid (0.93), and abdominal (0.96), for both evaluators. In CG, for evaluator 1, it was acceptable for the axillary and good for the xiphoid and abdominal levels. Regarding evaluator 2, it was good for the axillary and xiphoid and acceptable at the abdominal level.

Conclusion:
Cirtometry is a reliable tool to measure the chest wall mobility in controlled asthma individuals and in healthy individuals. The average of the 3 measurements or the highest value of the evaluations may be considered in clinical assessments. Axillary mobility was lower in the asthma group.
The effects of social distancing and self-isolation on functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Barakat Bara , Schakaki Samer , Vögeli Thomas-Alexander 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
This study is aimed to analyze the effect of social distancing on functional outcomes (potency, continence recovery, and quality of life) on patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods:
We retrospectively assessed functional outcomes of 55 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic (group A: 12 ORP and 15 RARP) and compared these data with patients from the previous year (group B: 13 ORP and 15 RARP). Propensity-score matching was performed to analyze variables associated with potency, continence recovery and compared between the groups at 1 and 3months.

Results:
Patients from group A were less interested in postsurgical rehabilitation compared to those from group B (95.7% vs. 56.2%, p
= 0.042). Continence recovery among group B patients also tended to be higher for RARP (p
= 0.06) and ORP (p
= 0.08) at 1 month, although statistical significance was not reached. The cumulative continence recovery at 3 months among group B patients was higher and statistically significantly advantageous for RARP (p
= 0.00) and ORP (p
< 0.01). Potency rates among younger group B patients following bilateral nerve-sparing procedures were statistically significantly advantageous for RARP (p
= 0.026) and ORP (p
= 0.011).

Conclusions:
Our results highlight the large impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on functional outcomes following radical prostatectomy. Future design and planning of home-based models for improved post-operative care should consider this evidence.
Are Specific Body Sites Prone for Wound Infection After Skin Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schlager Justin Gabriel , Ruiz San Jose Virginia , Patzer Kathrin , French Lars E. , Kendziora Benjamin , Hartmann Daniela 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION
Identifying risk factors for wound infection may guide clinical practice for optimal use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize the current evidence whether specific body sites have higher risks for surgical site infections (SSI).

Methods
The systematic literature search included MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and trial registers. Only observational studies qualified for inclusion and meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS
Eighteen studies with 33,086 surgical wounds were eligible. Eight studies were of good, 4 of fair, and 6 of poor quality. The mean infection rate was 4.08%. Meta-analysis showed that the lips had significantly higher infection rates. The lower extremity and ears had or tended toward a higher risk for infection, but studies were clinically heterogeneous. A large prospective trial found that surgical wounds on the hands were at higher risk for infection. The trunk showed the lowest infection rate. The risk for SSI in other body locations was not different or remained uncertain because of substantial heterogeneity among studies.

CONCLUSION
Lips, lower extremities, and probably ears and hands may have a higher risk for wound infection after skin surgery. The trunk showed the lowest infection rate.