bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing an EU law enforcement fusion centre
Authors: Gruszczak Artur 
Published: August 2022

Establishing an EU law enforcement fusion centre
The paper takes into consideration prospects for the establishment of an EU law enforcement fusion centre as a mechanism of improved criminal intelligence analysis embedding the intelligence-led policing model throughout the European Union. It applies a multivariant analysis of the models of law enforcement fusion centres identified in the practical intelligence co-operation in the EU. It arrives at the conclusion that the network architecture of intelligence co-operation on the EU level is flexible enough to integrate various parts of information exchange and intelligence sharing. EU agencies and bodies have moved towards closer co-operation, widening cautiously yet constantly the scope of mutual undertakings. An EU law enforcement fusion centre should be seen as a virtual networked arrangement closely connecting the existing EU agencies implementing intelligence tradecraft.
Policing intermediaries in the EU anti-money laundering framework
Authors: Egan Mo 
Published: August 2022

Policing intermediaries in the EU anti-money laundering framework
Tackling money laundering effectively in the EU, demands partnership working between state and non-state actors. Accordingly, the legislative framework reflects the negotiation of justice between the state’s ability to outsource aspects of policing to the private sector on the one hand, and the private sector’s desire to keep state interference to a minimum on the other. The result furnishes non-state actors with a significant role concerning the categorisation of risky behaviour as well as the collation and dissemination of related intelligence. Addressing the role of legal professionals specifically, this paper contests their role as policing intermediaries in the anti-money laundering framework. It argues the appropriateness of these actors being given this function in the first instance, and thereafter, their ability to perform that function is not, in its current form, compliant with the rule of law. However, it concludes that implementation of the new supervisory structure captured in the 4th Money Laundering Directive will be a crucial determinant of future compliance and offers a potential solution to the regulatory gap.
Data retention regime within the EU
Authors: Galli Francesca , Cocq Céline 
Published: August 2022

Data retention regime within the EU: Reinventing a common framework after the CJEU ruling?
In the wake of terrorist attacks on EU soil, EU Member States negotiated the Data Retention Directive (Directive 2006/24/EC) to provide law enforcement authorities with a useful tool to prevent and repress serious crime, including terrorism. The implementation exercise has turned out to be complex and coupled with several controversial national judgements concerning the instrument’s failure to comply with the rights to privacy and protection of personal data. Invalidating the Directive, the 2014 Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruling in Digital Rights Ireland, requires both national and EU policymakers to rethink the entire data retention framework. This article seeks to identify factors that are likely to influence negotiations on this framework. It does so by first providing an overview of the development of data retention provisions within the EU and then exploring the impact of the CJEU ruling on national provisions in selected EU Member States. Taking into account the interplay with other files under discussion where security concerns and fundamental rights are to be balanced, further potential developments at the EU level are subsequently eventually assessed with a view that harmonisation could be a desirable policy option.
Theory or practice?
Authors: Aas Geir 
Published: August 2022

Theory or practice? Perspectives on police education and police work
This article explores interview data taken from a study of Norwegian police training, and discusses whether police education is perceived as providing a relevant and sufficient platform for performing police work. Since the police have monopoly status when it comes to the general use of physical force, the police practice appears boundless. How should police education be directed towards covering such a diverse and complex role? The article will demonstrate how differently police officers assess police education. The interview data will display both ideological differences with regard to how policing is viewed as well as highly different expectations of police education. There is a contradiction in the fact that the police districts expect a finished product, in terms of professional autonomous police officers from the Police College, but the Police College will hardly be able to meet such an expectation. Through the notion of “practice theory” the article will challenge the traditional distinction between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ by conceptualizing the relationship between education and practice.
Police Reform and Power in Post Conflict Societies
Authors: Divon Shai André 
Published: August 2022

Police Reform and Power in Post Conflict Societies: A Conceptual Map for Analysis
Post-conflict reconstruction and police reform are located in the security-development nexus where global and state power moves towards individuals. In recent years, there has been an increased investment by the EU and the UN to contribute to police reform in post conflict societies. This article offers a conceptual map for the analysis of power across contexts through police reform interventions in post conflict societies. It draws on various theories of power to explain the conceptual-contextual gap. This map facilitates the observation of the police as a technology of power and as a projector of power in post conflict societies. ‘Unintended-empowerment’ through power projection is introduced to explain how police as an organisation and policing as a practice are often undermined. The article concludes with an outline to assist the analysis of the conceptual-contextual gap in police reform interventions and outcomes in post conflict societies through power optics.
Do police strategies help promote creative policing?
Authors: Suve Priit 
Published: August 2022

Do police strategies help promote creative policing?
Police are expected to be creative, but also systematic. This paper asks the question whether police strategies help promote creative policing. Estonia is the case study in this analysis; a country which has a police force that never systematically employed any model of policing, and where the sphere of police is under-researched. Using a content analysis of legal documents, the models and strategies of policing were analyzed, and five general coordination mechanisms of the police (military, bureaucracy, professionalism, community orientation, and public-private orientation) hovering above strategies were recognized. These mechanisms were analyzed in light of the developments of strategic thinking with the aim to identify opportunities for a creative and innovative way of policing. The findings illustrate that the mechanisms have various potentials in supporting to find “blue oceans.” The article makes suggestions for further research on promoting creative policing.
Gender expressions, morality and the use of physical force by the Argentine police
Authors: Calandrón Sabrina 
Published: August 2022

Gender expressions, morality and the use of physical force by the Argentine police
This paper analyzes the phenomenon of the use of police force and gender moralities in training and professional practices of police women. The central question is how physical and lethal force produces contradictions between making progress careers and agreeing with expressions of femininity that inhibit, a priori, such skills. This paper is the result of an ethnographic fieldwork displayed over five years in different police Argentinian institutions. The fieldwork includes interviews and participant observation in training facilities and workplaces (police stations, patrols and special operations) of Argentina’s Federal Police, Argentine National Gendarmerie, Buenos Aires Provincial Police and Argentine Naval Prefecture. Ethnographic descriptions discuss the idea of homogeneity of police culture and contribute to think about flexibility, permeability and diversity in the police profession. This article presents arguments and empirical data which lead to conceive police as a space of tensions regarding the conceptions of gender. On the one hand, police officers (males and females) reaffirm some hegemonic ideas of gender; on the other hand, in their speeches they break the traditional notion that femininity systematically implies weakness. In this sense, the display of physical force is incorporated by women in the course of their police careers and exercised in contexts of police actions, but reinterpreted when justifying their actions against judicial agents.
Experiments in policing: The challenge of context
Authors: Bradford Ben , Giacomantonio Chris , MacQueen Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Experiments in policing: The challenge of context
This paper considers the effect of organizational context, alongside wider political factors, on the ability of police/academic partnerships to ‘deliver’ experimental studies in policing. Comparing and contrasting across two recent studies, the Making and Breaking Barriers research project on mounted police, and the Scottish Community Engagement Trial (ScotCET), the paper draws on the experience of the authors and their police partners in designing, implementing and interpreting the research, with a particular focus on relational factors and how these shaped the research process. The mechanics of designing and delivering a policing experiment cannot work without attending to the nature of police/researcher partnership, the challenges posed by police cultures and other organizational factors, and the environment within which the study is occurring. There is a strong need for academic/police partnerships to consider experimental research projects within their wider social, economic and political contexts.
Is managerialism alive and well in the police service?
Authors: Beckley Alan 
Published: August 2022

Is managerialism alive and well in the police service?
The political ideology and philosophy of increased marketization of services provided by the public sector since the 1990s has led to confusion of roles, relationships and values in the wider sector and, in particular, public police services in liberal democracies. Adoption of this approach could lead to less effective provision of police services and thereby diminish community safety and heighten citizens’ fear of crime. This paper will examine the phenomenon of ‘managerialism’ born out of the regime of ‘New Public Management’ which is still rife within operational policing where emphasis on outputs has taken precedence over quality of service and long-held traditions of common-sense law enforcement. The paper will discuss the implications of this phenomenon in relation to effective governance of the public police. Prioritising performance indicators that skew cause and effect and confuse outputs with outcomes and impact have been identified as potential causes for concern in that they may reduce long-term law enforcement or crime prevention benefits, lead to lower public trust and ultimately diminish police legitimacy. After identifying the current situation in Australia relating to this occurrence, the paper will offer some suggestions for consideration and conclusions in this debate which are globally relevant. While police forces must maintain productive performance within quality standards of efficiency, effectiveness and economy set inside continuous improvement of front line services, this must be delivered in a vision complying with the rule of law, police integrity and human rights.
Therapeutic Comparison Between Alcoholic and Aqueous Plant Extract of Tannins with Metronidazole in Experimentally Infected Laboratory Mice Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts
Authors: Luma Abdullatef S.N.  , Firas M.B. Al-Khashab  
Published: August 2022

The current study was conducted during the period between from the beginning of October 2021 until the end of March 2022. The aim of the study was to measure the therapeutic efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous extracts from the local tannins Cupressus sempervirens for the treatment of experimental infected laboratory mice with Cryptosporidiosis.
Through a significant decrease in the number of Oocyst of the parasite that causes infection Cryptosporidium parvum after oral administration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts with three concentrations (2, 1.3, 1) mg/ml compared to MTZ drug, as the alcoholic extract proved its efficacy by stopping the shedding of parasite Oocyst at the ninth day of treatment with its total absence on the eleventh day of treatment, while the shedding of parasite Oocysts in the group treated with aqueous extract stopped on the eleventh day and completely absent on the thirteenth day of infection.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Alcoholic Extract of Tannins (Before and After Acidosis) on Laboratory Mice Experimentally Infected with the Parasite Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Luma Abdullatef S.N.  , Firas M.B. Al-Khashab  
Published: August 2022

Plants extracts are the one of the most important sources that have been used in both ancient and recent to many facture variants, types of medical drugs and that was the aim of the current study to find safe, effective and available natural alternatives by measuring the therapeutic effect of the alcoholic extract of tannins before and after the acid hydrolysis of the extract, in laboratory mice experimentally infected with C. parvum and using three therapeutic concentrations (2, 1.3, 1) mg / ml, and the alcoholic extract before the acid hydrolysis proved its therapeutic efficacy with a noticeable decrease in the number of Oocyst excreted with the feces, as the Oocyst were no longer excreted from the ninth day of the treatment. Parasite Oocyst on the fifth day of treatment were treated by oral administration of the extract in infected mice, in the other hand the current study recorded that Cryptosporidiais as a common disease in the study area, with infection rate of 26%.
Tujuh Elemen Dasar Pemerintahan Daerah Sebagai Konsekwensi Strategis Teori Desentralisasi
Authors: Hamim Sofyan Safari 
Published: August 2022

In theoretical way tehere are generic basic elements in local government institution, in order to implement its autonomy with the best way, as instrument which create democratization process and build welfare in local level, it should pay attention to democracy principle, equalization, equilty, and uniqueness in every region at the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia system.
The efficiency and effectiveness on implementation of local goverment need to be increased with pay attention more to the correlation aspects between central government and local government and between many regions, potency and the regional differences, also chances and challenges in global competition on unitary system of state goverment implemetation. There at least seven (7) basic elements that build local goverment as strategic consequeces of theory of decentralizaion, they are (1)Governmental Affairs; (2) Instituional; (3) Personal; (4) Local Finance, (5) Regional Representative; (6) Public Service (7)Guidance and Control, that have three dimensions which are philosophical dimension, theoretical dimension, and practical dimension.
the basic elements of local government, decentralizaion
PROEJA NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS: DESAFIOS ATUAIS
Authors: Larentes da Silva Adriano 
Published: August 2022

Os acontecimentos políticos no Brasil após o golpe parlamentar de 2016 trouxeram inúmeras dúvidas e inquietações em relação ao futuro do PROEJA no âmbito dos Institutos Federais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre os desafios do PROEJA frente ao atual cenário de desesperanças e retrocessos em nosso país. A partir de um conjunto de estudos, pesquisas e experiências sobre o PROEJA nos últimos 12 anos, são indicados os principais desafios existentes atualmente para garantir o direito de jovens e adultos ao acesso e à permanência nos Institutos Federais.
CALIDAD DE LOS PROYECTOS DE SOFTWARE EN ESTUDIANTES DE NIVEL SUPERIOR DE LAS INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS EN REPUBLICA DOMINICANA
Authors: Ruiz Priscila 
Published: August 2022

La calidad es un atributo imperante en todos los haberes del día a día. Es necesario que los productos salientes obtengan niveles de calidad de acuerdo a los estándares aplicados. La industria tecnológica va en aumento día a día y esto trae como consecuencia que la calidad en el producto final sea demandada y probada. Uno de los aspectos a tocar en el amplio mundo de la tecnología es la calidad en los proyectos finales de los estudiantes de ingeniería. Por esto es muy importante considerar el tema educación y tecnología, ya que es la base del desarrollo de los futuros profesionales del área. Por regla general, las instituciones de nivel superior establecen parámetros al momento de desarrollar los proyectos finales. Pero estos muchas veces son rebajados al “confort estudiantil”, entiéndase, realizar el menor esfuerzo para aprobar el proyecto. Al tener esta mentalidad, los resultados del producto se convierten en softwares con deficiencias en diversas áreas de prueba. Este artículo nace con la intención de identificar los factores que provocan la baja calidad en el ámbito de los proyectos de software universitarios y cómo afrontar y resolver estos. Hoy en día se debe ver la calidad como un aporte al desarrollo y no como un gasto para obtenerla. Mientras mayor sea la calidad del producto final, más demanda y reconocimiento tendrá el mismo. Se debe desarrollar un patrón en el área educativa que normalice los procesos de calidad en el proyecto de software para que el estudiante ingrese al mundo laboral con una mente estructurada a favor de un producto con estándares reconocidos.
ITINERÁRIOS DOS EGRESSOS DO NÍVEL MÉDIO INTEGRADO, IFBA - CAMPUS JACOBINA
Authors: Santos Marcos Roberto Paixão , França Ivo Chaves de , Silva Iara Reis da , Silva Lucas Mendonça da , Araújo Jaíne Reis 
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa possui natureza quantitativa e objetivou produzir e analisar uma base de dados sobre os itinerários da primeira turma de egressos (ingressa em 2012 e egressa em 2016) dos cursos de mineração, eletromecânica e informática, forma integrada, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, Campus Jacobina. Analisada a bibliografia de estudos sobre egressos, construímos o questionário eletrônico, estruturado pelos eixos origem social, experiência no IFBA e itinerários dos egressos. Com isso buscou-se responder as seguintes perguntas: quais relações há entre origem social e o desempenho dos estudantes durante a sua formação no IFBA? Quais os principais desafios encontrados durante o itinerário acadêmico? O que este egresso tem feito? As planilhas geradas a partir das respostas foram inseridas e processadas no software Pentaho (​um pacote de soluções livres que usa a tecnologia de Business Intelligence - BI ​para consolidação e análise de bancos de dados). Concluímos que é necessário atinar para as dimensões de reprodução das desigualdades sociais no âmbito da escola, o fortalecimento das políticas de assistência estudantil com atenção especial à saúde física e mental do estudante, a necessidade de reforma curricular e a articulação de políticas de emprego para a juventude.
Nghiên cứu sản xuất mẫu chứng dương ARN của virus SARS-CoV-2 cho đánh giá chất lượng sinh phẩm chẩn đoán COVID-19
Authors: Ngọc Phùng Thị , Hường Vũ Thị Thu , Thủy Phạm Thị Hồng , Đức Phạm Trung , Minh Phạm Thị 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu này nhằm thiết lập quy trình sản xuất mẫu chứng dương ARN của virus SARS-CoV-2 từ dịch nuôi cấy bất hoạt, và đánh giá tính ổn định của mẫu ARN tại các điều kiện bảo quản khác nhau.
Phương pháp: Phương pháp mô tả thực nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm.
Kết quả: Nghiên cứu xây dựng quy trình sản xuất mẫu chứng dương ARN SARS-CoV-2 dựa trên các yêu cầu của WHO về thiết lập mẫu chuẩn ARN thứ cấp. Từ dịch nuôi cấy SARS-CoV-2 bất hoạt chủng quốc tế, qua tách chiết, định lượng nồng độ ARN và đánh giá sự ổn định của mẫu ở các nồng độ khác nhau, từ đó chọn ra một nồng độ mẫu thấp nhất mà ở đó vẫn đảm bảo sự ổn định qua thời gian bảo quản thực. Độ ổn định của mẫu được đánh giá ở 3 cấp nồng độ: 5x104cp/µl, 104cp/µl và 2x103cp/µl tại các điều kiện bảo quản như sau: ở -700C sau 3 tháng, 6 tháng và 8 tháng; số lần tan băng; ở 250C và 40C trong 6 tuần. Kết luận: Đã xây dựng quy trình sản xuất và thực hiện sản xuất 15 ống mẫu chứng dương ARN SARS-CoV-2 ở nồng độ 2x103cp/µl với thể tích mỗi ống là 40µl/ống. Mẫu chứng dương ARN SARS-CoV-2 sản xuất đã được kiểm tra và thấy ổn định qua 8 tháng bảo quản tại -700C, qua 10 lần tan băng và qua ít nhất 1 tháng tại 250C và 40C.
Đánh giá thực trạng và thử nghiệm biện pháp nhằm nâng cao năng suất sinh sản của chuột lang (Cavia porcellus) nuôi tại Viện kiểm định Quốc gia Vắc xin và Sinh phẩm y tế
Authors: Thơm Trần Thị Hương , Mùi Nguyễn Bá , Thiển Đoàn Hữu , Hiếu Nguyễn Chí , Hạnh Hán Quang , Thảo Quách Thu 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Chuột lang (Cavia porcellus) là động vật thí nghiệm phổ biến trong các thử nghiệm về vắc xin và sinh phẩm y tế nhưng chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu ở Việt Nam. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá khả năng sinh sản và thử nghiệm biện pháp nâng cao năng suất sinh sản để làm cơ sở cho việc nâng cao năng suất chăn nuôi chuột lang dùng làm động vật thí nghiệm tại Viện Kiểm định Quốc gia Vắc xin và Sinh phẩm y tế.
Phương pháp: Mô tả thực nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm bằng các phương pháp thường quy trong chăn nuôi. Đánh giá khả năng sinh sản của chuột được thực hiện trên 300 ổ đẻ (chuột mẹ sinh con). Thử nghiệm biện pháp nâng cao năng suất sinh với 50 ổ thí nghiệm và 50 ổ đối chứng.
Kết quả: Số con sơ sinh còn sống trung bình là 2,27 con/ổ, cao nhất ở lứa 3 đạt 2,66 con/ổ và khối lượng sơ sinh trung bình là 93,29g/con; trong đó ở lứa 3 là cao nhất đạt 101,14g/con. Khối lượng cai sữa trung bình của lứa 2, lứa 3 là tương đương nhau và cao hơn các lứa còn lại (241,90g/con; 242,50g/con). Tỷ lệ sơ sinh sống đến 24h của lứa 2 (84,30%) , lứa 3 (82,10% ), lứa 4 (80,70%) cao hơn lứa 1, lứa 5, lứa 6. Tỷ lệ sống tới cai sữa ở lứa đẻ thứ 4 cao nhất chiếm tỷ lệ 74,33%. Hình thức nuôi ghép con với số lượng tối đa 3 con con/mẹ làm tăng tỷ lệ sống của chuột lang con từ khi sinh đến khi cai sữa (81,33%) so với lô không ghép ổ (73,83%) đồng thời làm tăng khối lượng cơ thể chuột lang con ở các thời điểm 1 tuần tuổi, 2 tuần tuổi, 3 tuần tuổi.
Kết luận: Chuột lang nuôi tại Viện Kiểm định Quốc gia Vắc xin và Sinh phẩm y tế có năng suất sinh sản và sinh trưởng tương đương với các cơ sở nuôi chuột lang thí nghiệm khác trong khu vực. Hình thức nuôi ghép con với số lượng tối đa 3 con con/mẹ làm tăng năng suất sinh sản.