bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical contingency and the role of post‐invasion evolution in alternative community states
Authors: Faillace Cara A. , Grunberg Rita L. , Morin Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHistorical contingency has long figured prominently in the conceptual frameworks of evolutionary biology and community ecology. Evolutionary biologists typically consider the effects of chance mutation and historical contingency in driving divergence and convergence of traits in populations, whereas ecologists instead are often interested in the role of historical contingency in community assembly and succession. Although genetic differences among individuals in populations can influence community interactions, variability among populations of the same species has received relatively little attention for its potential role in community assembly and succession. We used a community‐level study of experimental evolution in two compositionally different assemblages of protists and rotifers to explore whether initial differences in species abundances among communities attributed to differences in evolutionary history, persisted as species that continued to evolve over time. In each assemblage, we observed significant convergence between two invaded treatments initially differing in evolutionary history over an observation period equal to ~40–80 generations for most species. Nonetheless, community structure failed to converge completely across all invaded treatments within an assemblage to a single structure. This suggests that whereas the species in the assemblage represent a common selective regime, differences in populations reflecting their evolutionary history can produce long‐lasting transient alternative community states. In one assemblage, we also observed increasing within‐treatment variability among replicate communities over time, suggesting that ecological drift may be another factor contributing to community change. Although subtle, these transient alternative states, in which communities differed in the abundance of interacting species, could nonetheless have important functional consequences, suggesting that the role of evolution in driving these states deserves greater attention.
The effect of maltobionic acid on bone metabolism markers in healthy Japanese postmenopausal women: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Suehiro Daiki , Moriwaki Yuichiro , Fukami Ken , Abe‐Dohmae Sumiko , Ohnishi Motoko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is characterized by compromised bone strengthpredisposing to an increased risk of fracture and is a disease with a high incidence in postmenopausal women. Frequent estrogen deficiency, particularly in postmenopausal women, induces osteoclast activation and is a major contributor to reduced bone mineral density. Maltobionic acid (MB) reportedly promotes mineral resorption and maintains bone mineral density in human clinical trials, although no studies have confirmed that MB improves bone metabolism in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MB administration on bone‐resorption markers in healthy Japanese postmenopausal women. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial. Twenty‐six healthy adult Japanese women who realized that they had passed through more than 1 year of natural menopause and were aged 40–69 years were categorized into three groups. The experimental groups were allowed to consume maltobionic acid syrup 4 g (MB syrup 4 g group), maltobionic acid syrup 2 g plus maltose syrup 2 g (MB syrup 2 g group), and maltose syrup 4 g (placebo group) for 4 weeks. All 26 participants completed the intervention. Continuous ingestion of MB syrup 2 g or 4 g for 4 weeks significantly reduced the levels of bone‐resorption markers deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and urinary N‐telopeptide (u‐NTx), and significantly increased the bone formation marker osteocalcin (OC) compared with the placebo group. Maltobionic acid (MB) intake may improve bone metabolism and reduce bone health problems, including osteoporosis, in postmenopausal, adult Japanese women. (UMIN‐CTR ID: UMIN000038627).
Ultrasonic treatment of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide enhances antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity in a mouse D‐galactose‐induced aging model
Authors: Chu Wenhui , Wang Pan , Ma Zhe , Peng Lin , Wang Zongmin , Chen Zilin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUtilization of the biological macromolecule Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) as a functional ingredient is limited by its high intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight. The goal of the present study was to improve rheological properties of DOP by ultrasonic treatment. Such a treatment resulted in the degradation of DOP and consequent reduction of rheological properties. Among DOP samples treated with ultrasonication at low (L), medium (M), and high (H) power intensities (25, 50, 75 w/cm2), M‐DOP displayed the highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) radical scavenging activity in vitro. In a mouse D‐galactose (D‐Gal)‐induced aging model, M‐DOP significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in liver. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis indicated that M‐DOP upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of anti‐inflammatory/antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor), hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in liver. In summary, M‐DOP displayed a strong radical scavenging activity in vitro, and ameliorated liver injury in the mouse aging model through the promotion of Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 signaling pathway.
Age, morbidity, or something else? A residual approach using microdata to measure the impact of technological progress on health care expenditure
Authors: Laudicella Mauro , Li Donni Paolo , Olsen Kim Rose , Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study measures the increment of health care expenditure (HCE) that can be attributed to technological progress and change in medical practice by using a residual approach and microdata. We examine repeated cross‐sections of individuals experiencing an initial health shock at different point in time over a 10‐year window and capture the impact of unobservable technology and medical practice to which they are exposed after allowing for differences in health and socioeconomic characteristics. We decompose the residual increment in the part that is due to the effect of delaying time to death, that is, individuals surviving longer after a health shock and thus contributing longer to the demand of care, and the part that is due to increasing intensity of resource use, that is, the basket of services becoming more expensive to allow for the cost of innovation. We use data from the Danish National Health System that offers universal coverage and is free of charge at the point of access. We find that technological progress and change in medical practice can explain about 60% of the increment of HCE, in line with macroeconomic studies that traditionally investigate this subject.
Efficacy of different sentinel lymph node biopsy protocols in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Suárez Ajuria Maria , Gallas Torreira Mercedes , García García Abel , Marichalar Mendía Xabier , Chamorro Petronacci Cintia M. , Padín Iruegas Elena , Pérez Sayáns Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is highly protocolized in other cancers, however, this is not the case for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, hence our objective was to evaluate the different protocols published. A specific study protocol was designed and subsequently registered on PROSPERO (Ref. CRD42021279217). Twenty‐three articles were included in the meta‐analysis. The grouped sensitivity of the SNB was 82% (95% CI: 0.74–0.88), and the grouped specificity was 100% (95% CI: 0.99–1.00). The use of other radiotracers other than pre‐operative lopamidol showed higher values of sensitivity of 82.80% (95% CI: 76.90%–87.50%; p < 0.001). The use of the blue dye stain showed higher sensitivity values of 85.60% (95% CI: 71.90%–93.20%), compared to sensitivity values of 77.50% when it was not used (95% CI: 69.10%–84.20%) (p < 0.001). Diagnostic rates are variable and they were significantly better when 99mTc was used in all its variations and accompanied by the blue dye staining.
Outcomes of a trial of an age‐friendly dining initiative: Dining Co
Authors: Rosso Edoardo , Chen Jinwen , Champion Stephanie , Gordon Susan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith the rise of age‐friendly cities and communities, increasing attention is being paid to coproducing age‐friendly guidelines with older people and community stakeholders. Little is known however about age‐friendly guidelines for dining establishments.MethodsA three‐stage study to develop general and contextualised requirements for an age‐friendly dining experience was conducted in the City of Onkaparinga, South Australia. The first stage involved older people in co‐designing aspects of an age‐friendly dining experience. Subsequently, the second and third stage coproduced, trialed and evaluated age‐friendly initiatives with two dining venues.ResultsThrough co‐design, seven domains of an age‐friendly dining experience were identified (Menu, Affordability, Dementia Awareness, Venue, Feeling Welcome, Special Offerings and Assistance), alongside an overarching desire for a ‘meaningful’ dining experience. Differences in health and socioeconomic status of diners underpinned the differences needed to ensure an age‐friendly dining experience and highlight the importance of contextualisation for the local population. The trial demonstrated positive outcomes for both older diners and venues.DiscussionThe environment, value and logistics of dining out are important to older people when making choices about dining in the community. The elements of an age‐friendly dining experience presented in this study are a useful starting point for contextualisation to other local settings.
Evaluation of m‐Health‐rehabilitation for respiratory disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Kiani Shamim , Abasi Sanaz , Yazdani Azita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic respiratory diseases are prominent causes of morbidity worldwide that impose significant social and economic burdens on individuals and communities. Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the main aspects of medical rehabilitation. Nowadays, mobile health apps deliver pulmonary rehabilitation support via smartphones. This article presents a systematic review of the literature on m‐Health apps used in respiration disorders rehabilitation.MethodsA systematic search was performed on MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus in May 2021 without any date limitation. This study was using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms associated with pulmonary rehabilitation. Relevant studies were selected by two independents and were categorized studies results. The inclusion criterion was m‐Health apps for pulmonary rehabilitation and exclusion criteria mobile‐based interventions, by voice call or short message service and cardiopulmonary articles.ResultsSearching scientific databases yielded 161 relevant articles. Then, 27 articles were included in the study with a complete evaluation of the articles. Sixty percent of them were related to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rehabilitation aiming to improve the quality of life, promote self‐management, encourage physical activity, and reduce the symptoms as the most common goals of pulmonary rehabilitation using m‐Health apps; 89% of these studies showed that m‐Health apps can be effective in improving pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, 37% of studies reported high usability and acceptance. However, the results of some studies show that adherence to apps decreases in the long run.ConclusionOur study shows that m‐Health pulmonary rehabilitation apps are effective in improving the quality of life, self‐management, and physical activity. According to the results, it seems that using the m‐Health apps for pulmonary rehabilitation can be useful in the COVID‐19 pandemic and help reduce respiratory disorders in patients with COVID‐19 disease.
Overland flow velocity and soil properties in established semi‐natural woodland and wood pasture in an upland catchment
Authors: Monger Felicity , Bond Stephanie , Spracklen Dominick V , Kirkby Mike J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManagement of upland land‐use has considerable potential for mitigating flood risk by increasing topsoil storage and slowing overland flow. Recent work has highlighted the potential for vegetation to impact the velocity of saturation‐excess overland flow. Woodland creation is widely proposed for Natural Flood Management (NFM), but data on saturation‐excess overland flow in woodland habitats is lacking. Here we measure soil properties and overland flow velocities in established broadleaf woodland and wood pasture with an understorey dominated by either grass or bracken. We show that wood pasture dominated by bracken has overland flow velocity 12–20% lower than established broadleaf woodland and 19–27% lower than grass‐dominated wood pasture. Established woodland soils exhibited eight times higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than bracken‐dominated wood pasture and 80 times higher than grass‐dominated wood pasture. We conclude that upland habitats can be managed to reduce flood risk, first by storing storm water in the soil and then by reducing overland flow velocity through rough surface vegetation. These factors combine to reduce floods by delaying the onset of overland flow runoff and slowing its delivery to streams. It is clear than Manning's n is far from constant in these shallow overland flows, the development of overland flow datasets is, therefore, also beneficial for improving the theory and practice of hillslope rainfall‐runoff modelling.
Sub‐chronic cadmium and lead compound exposure induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ in murine model: Attenuative effects of resveratrol
Authors: Mitra Sreyashi , Patra Tapas , Saha Depanwita , Ghosh Paramita , Mustafi Saunak Mitra , Varghese Alex C. , Murmu Nabendu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCadmium and lead are widespread, nonbiodegradable heavy metals of perpetual environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate whether sub‐chronic exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and lead acetate [Pb(CH3COO)2] induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) in swiss albino mice. The effects of resveratrol to reverse the metal‐induced toxicity were also analyzed. The mice were randomly divided into four groups for metal treatments and two groups received two different doses of each metal, CdCl2(0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and Pb(CH3COO)2(3 and 6 mg/kg). The fourth group received oral doses of 20 mg/kg resveratrol in combination with 0.5 mg/kg CdCl2or 6 mg/kg Pb(CH3COO)2for 16 weeks. Toxic effects of both metals were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by the alterations in sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers, testicular histology, and protein expressions of the treated mice. Pronounced perturbation of sperm parameters, cellular redox balance were observed with severe distortion of testicular histo‐architecture in metal exposed mice. Significant overexpression of Akt cascade and testicular GCNIS marker proteins were recorded in tissues treated with CdCl2. Notable improvements were observed in all the evaluated parameters of resveratrol cotreated mice groups. Taken together, the findings of this study showed that long‐term exposure to Cd and Pb compounds, induced acute reproductive toxicity and initiation of GCNIS development in mice. Conversely, resveratrol consumption abrogated metal‐induced perturbation of spermatogenesis, testicular morphology, and the upregulation of Akt cascade proteins along with GCNIS markers, which could have induced the development of testicular cancer.
Anticancer effects of disulfiram in T-cell malignancies through NPL4-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway
Authors: Chen Cunte , Nie Dingrui , Huang Youxue , Yu Xibao , Chen Zheng , Zhong Mengjun , Liu Xin , Wang Xianfeng , Sui Songnan , Liu Zhuandi , Tan Jiaxiong , Yu Zhi , Li Yangqiu , Zeng Chengwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractT-cell malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL), are characterized by inferior treatment effects, high heterogeneity, poor prognosis, and a lack of specific therapeutic targets and drugs to improve outcome. Disulfiram (DSF) is a drug used to clinically control alcoholism that has recently been shown to be cytotoxic for multiple cancers. However, the underlying effects and mechanisms of DFS treatment in patients with T-cell malignancies are not well characterized. In this study, we report that DSF promotes apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of malignant T-cell cell lines and primary T-ALL cells. We provide evidence that DSF exerts anticancer activity in T-cell malignancies by targeting the NPL4-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Notably, high expression of NPL4 and 2 ubiquitin–proteasome pathway genes, anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 (ANAPC1) and proteasome 26S subunit ubiquitin receptor, non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2), was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) for patients with TCL and T-ALL (p &lt; 0.05). More importantly, the weighted combination of NPL4, ANAPC1, and PSMD2 could visually display the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates for patients with T-cell malignancies in a nomogram model and facilitate risk stratification. Specifically, risk stratification was an independent predictor of OS for patients with T-cell malignancies. In conclusion, DSF might induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of malignant T-cells via the NPL4-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and offer a potential therapeutic option for T-cell malignancies.
A literature review on career chance experiences: Conceptualization and sociocultural influences on research
Authors: Kim Namhee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to review the literature on career chance to show how it has developed and been conceptualized and to identify what sociocultural factors have been associated with career change research. Thirty‐eight scholarly empirical journal articles were collected based on the search criteria and reviewed using Torraco's integrative literature review and Garrard's matrix method. The results show that career chance experiences have been conceptualized based on attributes such as inability to plan, human actions involved, and changes in direction, but the current research does not adequately account for cultural traditions.
Periodontitis and cognitive impairment in older adults: The mediating role of mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Li An , Du Mi , Chen Yuntao , Marks Luc A.M. , Visser Anita , Xu Shulan , Tjakkes Geerten‐Has E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased attention has been focused on the associations of periodontal disease with the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. Although the associations are likely to be multifactorial, few studies have explored the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the periodontitis‐dementia link.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 1,883 participants aged ≥60 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011‒2014 were analyzed. The following data were collected: 1) general information on sociodemographic, behavioral, and health‐related factors; 2) periodontal status (mean attachment loss [AL] and mean probing depth [PD]); 3) mitochondrion‐derived biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction (blood sample concentration of methylmalonic acid [MMA]); 4) cognitive function (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease immediate recall [CERAD‐IR] and delay recall [CERAD‐DR], animal fluency test, and digit symbol substitution test [DSST]). Mediation analysis weighted for complex survey design was used to assess the effect of MMA on the association of periodontal status with cognitive function after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsParticipants with Stage III and IV periodontitis had lower scores on cognitive performance and higher MMA levels than those with Stages I/II periodontitis. Circulating MMA was significantly associated with CERAD‐DR (weighted β [SE] = −0.076 [0.011]) and DSST (weighted β [SE] = −0.039 [0.009]), which mediated 9.9% and 6.0% of the total association of mean PD with cognitive function. Moreover, MMA mediated 11.7% and 5.8% of the association of mean AL with CERAD‐DR and DSST, respectively.ConclusionThe findings suggest that MMA, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a mediating role in the link between periodontitis and cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥60 years.
Low‐diffraction transparent micro light‐emitting diode displays with optimized pixel structure
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Zhiyong , Lan Yi‐Fen , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransparent displays suffer from background image blur due to light diffraction when passing through periodic pixel structures. A simple, reference‐image free and semi‐analytical model based on diffraction theory and human eye's angular resolution is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the diffraction effect of transparent displays. Several factors including object distance, resolution and aperture ratio are analyzed with our model to establish guidelines for minimizing the diffraction effect in transparent displays. By optimizing the pixel structures within a 2 × 2‐pixel size region, the relative diffraction intensity is reduced by 42% at the 50% aperture ratio regardless of pixel density, which is valuable for achieving diffraction‐less high resolution and low aperture ratio transparent displays with current fabrication technologies.
Adherence to apixaban for extended thromboprophylaxis after major abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Schulman Sam , Carlson Vanessa , Serrano Pablo E. , Sne Niv , Kahnamoui Kamyar , Mithoowani Siraj , Ikesaka Rick , Gross Peter L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to lack of data, direct oral anticoagulants are not considered by guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after cancer surgery. Adherence to low‐molecular‐weight heparin injections in this setting is sometimes poor.AimAnalysis of adherence to oral apixaban for extended thromboprophylaxis.MethodsConsecutive patients discharged after major surgery for abdominal/pelvic cancer and considered eligible for extended prophylaxis were offered apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily. Primary outcomes were adherence metrics—proportion of prescriptions filled, persistence (not prematurely discontinued), proportion of days covered (PDC) based on apixaban pill counts, and modified Morisky medication adherence scale at Days 28–30. Secondary outcomes were bleeding, VTE, and serious adverse events until Day 90.ResultsWe included 53 patients, 51 were analyzed. Of 45 patients with prescriptions all had it filled (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%–100%). Persistence was 98% (95% CI, 90%–100%). PDC was ≥80% for 48 patients (94%; 95% CI, 84%–99%). We found good adherence (0/6 answers “yes”) in 75% and moderate (1/6 answers “yes”) in 25%. No major bleed or VTE occurred while on apixaban.ConclusionOur results support good adherence with apixaban for VTE prophylaxis up to 28 days after major abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery.