bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing progress in data reporting by tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations
Authors: Heidrich Kristina N. , Juan‐Jordá Maria José , Murua Hilario , Thompson Christopher D. H. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Zeller Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are responsible for conservation and sustainable management of transboundary tuna resources in Exclusive Economic Zones and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). The data collected and analyses performed by tuna RFMOs are one of the main sources of scientific information supporting the management, sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity in the ABNJ. An understanding of the scope and availability of data provided by tuna RFMOs is timely, given the expected establishment of a new legally binding high seas agreement to protect marine biodiversity in the ABNJ. We examined official catch statistics and stock assessments that are accessible in the public domain for the five tuna RFMOs, and evaluated their taxonomic, spatial and temporal resolution. We found that the Atlantic and Indian Ocean tuna RFMOs report catches for a greater number of taxa compared to Pacific RFMOs. There are substantial gaps in the taxonomic resolution of sharks and rays and ‘other teleosts’, and only about half of the reported global catches are georeferenced, despite existing mandatory requirements. Additionally, the estimation and reporting of discards in all tuna RFMOs remains incomplete. Tuna RFMOs have made progress in implementing stock assessments for a wide range of taxa including targeted species with high economic value but also functionally important non‐target species with lower economic value. However, assessments should be expanded to cover other bycatch species. We emphasize the importance of accessible and accurate statistics, for supporting the research and societal oversight needed under any future ABNJ biodiversity treaty.
Ageing with HIV in the United States: Changing trends in inpatient hospital stays and comorbidities, 2003–2015
Authors: Siddiqi Khairul A. , Ostermann Jan , Zhang Jiajia , Khan M. Mahmud , Olatosi Bankole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs people with HIV (PWH) age, they experience prolonged exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy, increased risks of developing age‐related HIV‐associated non‐AIDS (HANA) comorbidities and higher rates of hospitalization. Few studies have explored the ageing of PWH and its impact on hospital stays in the US. This study examined trends, characteristics and comorbidities associated with hospital stays with HIV (HSWH) as compared with hospital stays without HIV (HSWOH).MethodsThirteen years of pooled National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2003 through 2015 were analysed to describe yearly trends. Trends were evaluated for eight major HANA conditions (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, liver disease, bone loss, kidney disease, pulmonary disease and neurological disease) across four age groups (18–34, 35–49, 50–64, 65+ years).ResultsAlthough overall rates of hospitalization reduced across all age groups, the proportion of HIV‐related hospitalization increased among older Americans. The average number of chronic conditions was higher for HSWH among all age groups and disproportionately increased for older PWH. Although age‐adjusted rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, bone loss and pulmonary disease were lower for HSWH relative to HSWOH, rates increased disproportionately over the study period. The prevalence of all major HANA conditions except cancer and diabetes increased among the elderly (65+), and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, bone loss, kidney disease and pulmonary disease also increased among patients aged 50–64 years.ConclusionsHigher rates of hospitalizations and HANA comorbidities were observed among older HIV patients. The ageing of PWH suggests increased future hospital resource utilization for HSWH. Appropriate training of healthcare providers is essential to managing increased comorbidity burdens of older PWH during hospital stays in the US.
Cryobiopsy with radial‐endobronchial ultrasound (Cryo‐Radial) has comparable diagnostic yield with higher safety in comparison with computed tomography‐guided transthoracic biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: an exploratory randomised study
Authors: Herath Samantha , Wong Conroy , Dawkins Paul , Veale Andrew , Yap Elaine , Williamson Jonathan , Low Irene , Mahajan Hema , Prvan Tania , Barnard Stuart , Hawkins Stewart , Cookson Dan , Singh Tushar , Ing Alvin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography‐guided transthoracic biopsy (CT‐TTB) is the ‘gold standard’ biopsy for lung nodules. Radial‐endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS) bronchoscopy is another recommended biopsy but carries a lower diagnostic yield. Addition of cryobiopsy with R‐EBUS (Cryo‐Radial) has shown promising results. There are no studies comparing CT‐TTB with Cryo‐Radial biopsy.AimThe co‐primary aims were the diagnostic yeild and safety. The secondary aim: ability to test epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).MethodsA randomised controlled, multicentre exploratory study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals. Patients with nodules >1 cm on CT of the chest were randomised to CT‐TTB or Cryo‐Radial. With Cryo‐Radial, patients had 1–3 cryo‐biopsies in addition to at least one R‐EBUS biopsy through the 2.6 mm guide sheath.ResultsForty‐eight patients were randomised: 22 to CT‐TTB and 26 to Cryo‐Radial. Sixteen in the CT‐TTB and 20 in the Cryo‐Radial received the allocated biopsy. The diagnostic yield was CT‐TTB 93.8% (15/16) versus Cryo‐Radial 85% (17/20) P = 0.61 and the odds ratio was 0.37. For 5/13 (38%), a diagnosis was solely made on cryobiopsy. Eleven (78%) of 14 in CT‐TTB versus 7/10 (70%) Cryo‐Radial were suitable for EGFR testing P = 0.66, with odds ratio 0.63. Pneumothorax occurrence was 44% (7/16) in CT‐TTB versus 4.2% (1/24) in Cryo‐Radial. Two (12.5%) of 16 CT‐TTB required chest drain insertion.ConclusionCryo‐Radial is comparable in diagnostic yield and ability to perform EGFR testing with a significantly lower risk of pneumothorax, compared with CT‐TTB. Cryo‐Radial has the additional advantage of mediastinal staging during the same procedure with Linear‐EBUS and is a promising first‐line tool in the diagnostic method of lung cancer.
Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections
Authors: Reyes Estefany Y. , Shinohara Mari L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFungal infections in the central nervous system (CNS) cause high morbidity and mortality. The frequency of CNS mycosis has increased over the last two decades as more individuals go through immunocompromised conditions for various reasons. Nevertheless, options for clinical interventions for CNS mycoses are still limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the host–pathogen interaction mechanisms in CNS mycoses for developing novel treatments. Although the CNS has been regarded as an immune‐privileged site, recent studies demonstrate the critical involvement of immune responses elicited by CNS‐resident and CNS‐infiltrated cells during fungal infections. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of fungal invasion in the CNS, fungal pathogen detection by CNS‐resident cells (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons), roles of CNS‐infiltrated leukocytes, and host immune responses. We consider that understanding host immune responses in the CNS is crucial for endeavors to develop treatments for CNS mycosis.
High‐entropy yttrium pyrochlore ceramics with glass‐like thermal conductivity for thermal barrier coating application
Authors: Liu Hu‐Lin , Pang Sha , Liu Chang‐Qing , Wu Yuan‐Ting , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA2B2O7‐type oxides with low thermal conductivities are potential candidates for next‐generation thermal barrier coatings. The formation of high‐entropy ceramics is considered as a newly effective way to further lower their thermal conductivities. High‐entropy Y2(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2O7 (5HEO) and Y2(Ti0.25Zr 0.25Hf0.25Ta0.25)2O7 (4HEO) ceramics were prepared by in situ solid reaction sintering, considering the important roles of B‐site cations on thermal conductivities of the A2B2O7‐type oxides. Reaction process, phase structures, microstructures, and thermal conductivities of the as‐sintered ceramics were investigated. Lattice distortion effects on their thermal conductivities were also discussed by using the proposed criterion based on the supercell volume difference of the individual compounds. Near fully‐dense 5HEO and 4HEO ceramics were obtained after being sintered at 1600°C. The former one had a dual‐phase structure containing high‐entropy Y2(Ti0.227Zr0.227Hf0.227Nb0.136Ta0.182)2O7.318 pyrochlore oxide (5HEO‐P) and Y(Nb, Ta)O4 solid solution, while the latter one was a single‐phase pyrochlore oxide (4HEO‐P) with homogeneous element distribution. The formed 5HEO‐P oxide has larger lattice distortion than 4HEO‐P oxide due to the larger total amounts of Nb and Ta cations at B sites in the 5HEO‐P oxide. It results in lower thermal conductivity of 5HEO ceramics (keeping at 1.8 W·m–1·K–1) than those of 4HEO ceramics (ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 W·m–1·K–1) at temperatures from 25°C to 1400°C. Their glass‐like thermal conductivities were determined by the selection of B site cations and high‐entropy effects. These results provide some useful information for the material design of novel thermal barrier coating materials.
Double pyrovanadates CaMgV2O7: Formation mechanism, phase structure, and thermodynamic properties
Authors: Pei Guishang , Xiang Junyi , Huang Qingyun , Lv Xuewei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7 sample was synthesized via a facile solid‐state route under an air atmosphere. The nonequilibrium formation pathways of the CaMgV2O7 were investigated via powder X‐ray diffraction. A multistep reactions path (metavanadates–pyrovanadates–double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7) was proposed to describe the formation of the CaMgV2O7 considering the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The cell unit parameters of the CaMgV2O7 sample indicated the crystallization according to a monoclinic system with space group P12/c1(14), and the lattice parameters of a = 6.756 Å, b = 14.495 Å, c = 11.253 Å, β = 99.12, and V = 108.806 Å3. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the +5 oxidation state vanadium in CaMgV2O7. The endothermic effects at 1033 and 1143 K were related to the incongruent melting and liquidus temperatures of CaMgV2O7, respectively. The comprehensive thermodynamic properties of CaMgV2O7 were established in both low‐ and high‐temperature regions, utilizing a physical property measurement system and multi‐high‐temperature calorimetry (96 lines). The heat capacity (200 J mol K−1) and entropy (198 J mol K−1) at 298.15 K were computed based on the low‐temperature heat capacity values, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K was also estimated. The fitted high‐temperature capacity can be used to obtain the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. This study is part of building a reliable thermodynamic database of the CaO–MgO–V2O5 system.
Comparative efficacy of generic nifedipine versus brand‐name amlodipine for hypertension management in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Hao‐Wei , Huang Chin‐Chou , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Lin Yenn‐Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe control rate of hypertension remains concerning, indicating the requirement for better management strategies. The calcium channel blockers brand‐name amlodipine and nifedipine with extended‐release formulations demonstrate similar clinical efficacy. However, the efficacy of generic nifedipine remains obscure. We compared the efficacy of generic nifedipine and brand‐name amlodipine in terms of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Patients prescribed generic nifedipine (SRFC CYH) or brand‐name amlodipine besylate (Norvasc, Pfizer) between August 1, 2017, and July 31, 2018, were enrolled; patients with CV events within 3 months were excluded. CV outcomes included CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and composite endpoints of 3P‐ and 4P‐major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A total of 1625 patients treated with nifedipine (SRFC CYH) and 16 587 patients treated with Norvasc were included. After propensity score matching, there were 995 and 4975 patients in the nifedipine CYH and Norvasc groups, respectively. At a mean follow‐up period of 30.3 ± 6.4 months, nifedipine CYH was comparable to Norvasc in terms of CV death (P = .107), nonfatal MI (P = .121), nonfatal ischemic stroke (P = .453), hospitalization for heart failure (P = .330), 3P‐MACE (P = .584), and 4P‐MACE (P = .274). Cox regression analysis revealed that nifedipine CYH and Norvasc had similar efficacy in terms of 3P‐MACE (hazard ratio, 0.970; 95% confidence interval, 0.601–1.565, P = .900) and 4P‐MACE (hazard ratio, 0.880; 95% confidence interval, 0.628–1.233, P = .459). In conclusion, Nifedipine SRFC CYH and Norvasc have comparable clinical efficacy for hypertension management.
Moisture sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp) stored in a chamber under controlled humidity and temperature
Authors: Karataş Mukaddes , Arslan Nurhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sorption process of cowpea stored in a chamber the relative humidity of which is controlled by an atomizing humidifier was studied in 25, 35, and 45°C over 0.1%–0.9% water activities. A type III (J‐shapes) behavior was observed for the sorption isotherms of cowpea. The temperature increase caused a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Hysteresis effect existed over the entire water activity range. The experimental sorption data were fitted to many well‐known isotherm equations (GAB, BET, Henderson, Oswin, Peleg, Smith, Caurie, Halsey, Ferro‐Fontan, Kuhn, Chung‐Pfost, White‐Eiring). Among models evaluated, the Peleg equation was selected as the model giving the best fit quality for predicting the sorption behavior of cowpea. The sorption isotherms data were used to estimate the thermodynamic functions (sorption isoteric heat and entropy, Gibbs free energy, net integral enthalpy and entropy) providing an understanding energy requirement. The sorption isosteric heat calculated using the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation and the net integral enthalpy decreased swiftly with increasing moisture content while an increase was observed in the net integral entropy. Thermodynamic approach showed that the sorption process for cowpea was the enthalpy‐controlled and nonspontaneous.Practical ApplicationsSince the determination of the physicochemical relationship between water and food is very important for the continuity of food quality stability, many researches are carried out on this subject. The quality stability of foods is expressed in moisture sorption isotherms, which are the relationship between EMC and water activity at any temperature. Generally, data on equilibrium humidity were obtained using saturated salt solutions. No study was found on the moisture sorption isotherm data of cowpea stored in a chamber whose relative humidity is controlled by an atomized humidification system. It is thought that the data obtained with this system will achieve more successful results in equipment and process design since it is closer to the actual storage conditions.
Efficacy, safety and unmet needs of evolving medical treatments for carcinoid syndrome
Authors: Koumarianou Anna , Daskalakis Kosmas , Tsoli Marina , Kaltsas Gregory , Pavel Marianne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis review reports on the currently available medical treatment options for the control of symptoms due to carcinoid syndrome in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. The efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of approved drugs such as somatostatin analogues (SSA), telotristat ethyl (TE) and interferon‐alpha, are reviewed. Somatostatin analogues remain the standard treatment of carcinoid syndrome based on the high expression of somatostatin receptors and the resulting inhibition of secretion of bioactive compounds; their use is associated with relatively mild AEs, involving mainly the gastrointestinal system, and being usually transient. Although dose escalation of SSA remains an unapproved option, it is clinically implemented to alleviate symptoms in refractory carcinoid syndrome and supported by the most recent guidelines. The side effects associated with the increased dose are in general mild and consistent with standard dose of SSA. Telotristat ethyl, an oral inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, represents a rather novel innovative treatment option in patients with carcinoid syndrome suffering from diarrhea and complements the standard therapy of SSA. Given the low toxicity profile, TE may be considered an early add‐on treatment to SSA in patients with uncontrolled carcinoid syndrome. However, further prolonged follow‐up of patients treated with TE may be needed to exclude potential AEs, such as liver toxicity or depressed mood, in patients with long–term treatment. Interferon alpha is a cytokine with direct inhibitory effect on hormone secretion and tumor cell proliferation and an approved therapy in carcinoid syndrome but is associated with significant AEs in the majority of the patients requiring frequently dose reduction. The finding of a more favorable tolerability of pegylated interferon needs to be confirmed in a prospective study.
Untangling Goal Tensions in Family Firms: A Sensemaking Approach
Authors: Diaz‐Moriana Vanessa , Clinton Eric , Kammerlander Nadine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile economic and non‐economic goals may converge in the long term, they often lead to tensions for organizational decision‐makers in the short term, especially in family firms that place much emphasis on family‐related goals. We draw on a sensemaking approach to investigate such potential tensions in the decision‐making of family firms. Based on a qualitative analysis of 59 interviews, 501 items of archival data and 39 observations from eight private Irish firms, we explore the perceived goal tensions of family firm decision‐makers as they seek to balance economic and non‐economic goals. We identify three sensemaking mechanisms – ensuring continuity in the family firm, preserving family cohesion, and delegating responsibilities to trusted advisors – that assist family firm decision‐makers in managing these goal tensions. Moreover, we identify that sensegiving based on three different values – sense of commitment, community embeddedness, and family firm identity – helps family firm decision‐makers to justify and communicate their decisions. Our model contributes to a more granular understanding of the management of goal tensions and of decision‐making in family firms by going beyond the question of whether family firms prioritize economic or non‐economic; instead, it reveals concrete processes showing how firms balance and aim to incorporate both goals. Furthermore, we advance knowledge on sensemaking in family firms by revealing how sensemaking can explain idiosyncratic family firm behaviour and by showing how family firm decision‐makers use specific values when ‘giving sense’ to justify their decisions.
The role of MEK1/2 and MEK5 in melatonin‐mediated actions on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone microarchitecture, biomechanics, and bone formation
Authors: Munmun Fahima , Mohiuddin Omair A. , Hoang Van T. , Burow Matthew E. , Bunnell Bruce A. , Sola Veronica M. , Carpentieri Agata R. , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelatonin, the primary hormone involved in circadian entrainment, plays a significant role in bone physiology. This study aimed to assess the role of MEK1/2 and MEK5 in melatonin‐mediated actions in mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and on bone using small‐molecule inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approaches. Consistent with in vitro studies performed in mMSCs and hMSCs, nightly (25 mg/kg, i.p., 45 days) injections with PD184352 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) or Bix02189 (MEK5 inhibitor) or SC‐1‐151 (MEK1/2/5 inhibitor) demonstrated that MEK1/2 and MEK5 were the primary drivers underlying melatonin's actions on bone density, microarchitecture (i.e., trabecular number, separation, and connectivity density), and bone mechanical properties (i.e., ultimate stress) through increases in osteogenic (RUNX2, BMP‐2, FRA‐1, OPG) expression and decreases in PPARγ. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MEK1 or MEK5 in mMSCs seeded on PLGA scaffolds and placed into critical‐size calvarial defects in Balb(c) mice (male and female) revealed that treatment with melatonin (15 mg/L; p.o., nightly, 90 days) mediates sex‐specific actions of MEK1 and MEK5 in new bone formation. This study is the first to demonstrate a role for MEK1/2 and MEK5 in modulating melatonin‐mediated actions on bone formation in vivo and in a sex‐specific manner.
Re‐terrestrialization in the phylogeny of epiphytic plant lineages: Microsoroid ferns as a case study
Authors: Chen Chi‐Chuan , Hyvönen Jaakko , Schneider Harald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fern family Polypodiaceae, with over 1600 species, is not only one of the most species‐rich families of ferns, but also a major contributor to the vascular epiphytic diversity throughout the tropics. Although the vast majority of species belonging to this family prefer to grow as epiphytes, several species colonize successfully rheophytic, lithophytic, and even terrestrial habitats. Here, we explore the hypothesis that non‐epiphytic habitat preferences, including terrestrial growth, evolved secondarily with epiphytes being the plesiomorphic habitat preference. The results of phylogenetic analyses, based on dense taxon sampling and four chloroplast DNA regions, were integrated with divergence time estimates and ancestral character state reconstructions to test these predictions. Both fossils and secondary calibration data were incorporated to obtain divergence time estimations. The results support the prediction of multiple transitions from epiphytic/lithophytic to terrestrial/rheophytic habitats occurring mainly in the Microsoreae lineage. The change in niche preferences coincides with niche colonization opportunities created by climatic fluctuations and geographical changes during the Oligocene and Miocene periods.
Pepper SUMO E3 ligase CaDSIZ1 enhances drought tolerance by stabilizing the transcription factor CaDRHB1
Authors: Joo Hyunhee , Lim Chae Woo , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) conjugation (SUMOylation) is a reversible post‐translational modification associated with protein stability and activity, and modulates hormone signaling and stress responses in plants. Previously, we reported that the pepper dehydration‐responsive homeobox domain transcription factor CaDRHB1 acts as a positive modulator of drought response.

Here, we show that CaDRHB1 protein stability is enhanced by SUMO E3 ligase Capsicum annuum DRHB1‐interacting SAP and Miz domain (SIZ1) (CaDSIZ1)‐mediated SUMOylation in response to drought, thereby positively modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and drought responses. Substituting lysine (K) 138 of CaDRHB1 with arginine reduced CaDSIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation, indicating that K138 is the principal site for SUMO conjugation.

Virus‐induced silencing of CaDSIZ1 promoted CaDRHB1 degradation, suggesting that CaDSIZ1 is involved in drought‐induced SUMOylation of CaDRHB1. CaDSIZ1 interacted with and facilitated SUMO conjugation of CaDRHB1. CaDRHB1, mainly localized in the nucleus, but also in the cytoplasm in the SUMOylation mimic state, suggesting that SUMOylation of CaDRHB1 promotes its nuclear export, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation.

Moreover, CaDSIZ1‐silenced pepper plants were less sensitive to ABA and considerably sensitive to drought stress, whereas CaDSIZ1‐overexpressing plants displayed ABA‐hypersensitive and drought‐tolerant phenotypes. Collectively, our data indicate that CaDSIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation of CaDRHB1 functions in ABA‐mediated drought tolerance.