bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LapB (YciM) orchestrates protein–protein interactions at the interface of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid biosynthesis
Authors: Möller Anna‐Maria , Brückner Simon , Tilg Lea‐Janina , Kutscher Blanka , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe outer membrane (OM) of Gram‐negative bacteria functions as an essential barrier and is characterized by an asymmetric bilayer with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. The enzyme LpxC catalyzes the first committed step in LPS biosynthesis. It plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between LPS and phospholipids (PL), which are both derived from the same biosynthetic precursor. The essential inner membrane proteins YejM (PbgA, LapC), LapB (YciM), and the protease FtsH are known to account for optimal LpxC levels, but the mechanistic details are poorly understood. LapB is thought to be a bi‐functional protein serving as an adaptor for FtsH‐mediated turnover of LpxC and acting as a scaffold in the coordination of LPS biosynthesis. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the physical interaction of LapB with proteins at the biosynthetic node from where the LPS and PL biosynthesis pathways diverge. By a total of four in vivo and in vitro assays, we demonstrate protein–protein interactions between LapB and the LPS biosynthesis enzymes LpxA, LpxC, and LpxD, between LapB and YejM, the anti‐adaptor protein regulating LapB activity, and between LapB and FabZ, the first PL biosynthesis enzyme. Moreover, we uncovered a new adaptor function of LapB in destabilizing not only LpxC but also LpxD. Overall, our study shows that LapB is a multi‐functional protein that serves as a protein–protein interaction hub for key enzymes in LPS and PL biogenesis presumably by virtue of multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs in its cytoplasmic C‐terminal region.
Ethical considerations in engaging young people in European obesity prevention research: The CO‐CREATE experience
Authors: Budin‐Ljøsne Isabelle , Ayuandini Sherria , Baillergeau Evelyne , Bröer Christian , Helleve Arnfinn , Klepp Knut‐Inge , Kysnes Bjarte , Lien Nanna , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Nesrallah Samantha , Rito Ana , Rutter Harry , Samdal Oddrun , Savona Natalie , Veltkamp Gerlieke 
Published: November 2022

SummaryEngaging youth in obesity prevention research and policy action is essential to develop strategies that are relevant and sensitive to their needs. Research with young people requires critical reflection to safeguard their rights, dignity, and well‐being. The CO‐CREATE project used various methods to engage approximately 300 European youth aged 15–19 years in the development of policies to prevent adolescent obesity. This paper discusses ethical considerations made in the project pertaining to the youth's voluntary participation, their protection from obesity stigma, respect for their time, data privacy and confidentiality, power balance, and equality of opportunity to participate in the research. We describe measures implemented to prevent or limit the emergence of ethical challenges in our interaction with youth and discuss their relevance based on our experience with implementation. While some challenges seemingly were prevented, others arose related to the youth's voluntary participation, time burdens on them, and the sustainability of participation under the Covid‐19 pandemic. Concrete and ongoing ethical guidance may be useful in projects aiming to interact and build collaborative relationships with youth for long periods of time.
Effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique Felix , Oliveira Luiz Fernando Ferreira , Cardoso Renata Silva , Santana Sandro Isaias , Casarin Renato Correa , Ervolino Edilson , Salvador Sergio Luiz , Palioto Daniela Bazan , Furlaneto Flávia Aparecida Chaves , Messora Michel Reis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.MethodsThirty‐two rats were divided into four groups: control, C‐HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP‐HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP‐HD100 groups. In the C‐HD100 and EP‐HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109 PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, IL‐10, IL‐1β, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)‐1, BD‐2, and BD‐3, Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)‐4, CD‐8 and CD‐57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP‐HD100 (p < .05). The EP‐HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP‐1, RANTES, IL‐10, and TGF‐β, lower levels of TNF‐α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and M‐CSF levels between EP and EP‐HD100 groups. The C‐HD100 group had higher IL‐6, TNF‐α, RANTES, and MCP‐1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP‐HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD‐1, BD‐2, and BD‐3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR‐2, TLR‐4, CD‐4, CD‐8, and CD‐57 between EP and EP‐HD100 groups.ConclusionThe topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.
The Biomechanical Effects of Different Bag‐Carrying Styles on Lumbar Spine and Paraspinal Muscles: A Combined Musculoskeletal and Finite Element Study
Authors: Zhao Geng , Wang Hongwei , Wang Lianlei , Ibrahim Yakubu , Wan Yi , Sun Junyuan , Yuan Suomao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesBags such as handbags, shoulder bags, and backpacks are commonly used. However, it is difficult to assess the biomechanical effects of bag‐carrying styles on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles using traditional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bag‐carrying styles on the lumbar spine.MethodsWe developed a hybrid model that combined a finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine and musculoskeletal models of three bag‐carrying styles. The image data was collected from a 26‐years‐old, 176 cm and 70 kg volunteer. OpenSim and ABAQUS were used to do the musculoskeletal analysis and finite analysis. Paraspinal muscle force, intervertebral compressive force (ICF), and intervertebral shear force (ISF) on L1 were calculated and loaded into the FE model to assess the stress distribution on the lumbar spine.ResultsDifferent paraspinal muscle activation occurred in the three bag‐carrying models. The increase in the ICF generated by all three bags was greater than the bags' weights. The handbag produced greater muscle force, ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the nucleus pulposus than the backpack and shoulder bag of the same weight. Peak stress on the intervertebral discs in the backpack model and the L1–L4 segments of the shoulder bag model increased linearly with bag weight, and increased exponentially with bag weight in the handbag model.ConclusionUnbalanced bag‐carrying styles (shoulder bags and handbags) led to greater muscle force, which generated greater ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the lumbar spine. The backpack produced the least burden on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles. Heavy handbags should be used carefully in daily life.
Suitability of the left internal jugular vein for CRT‐D placement in the setting of extensive venous occlusion: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Manongi Ngoda , Goldbarg Seth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlacement of coronary sinus (CS) leads is predominantly accomplished via the left cephalic‐axillary‐subclavian venous system. However, vein stenosis or occlusion from long‐term chronic hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end‐stage renal failure can pose a challenge. Cannulation of the CS via the left internal jugular vein (IJV) is technically difficult but often feasible. We report a case in which a patient with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) had extensive left venous system occlusion from prior in dwelling HD catheters, and an AV fistula contralaterally, who underwent biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement with lead insertion through the left IJV.
Therapeutic response of iNO in preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Oka Shuntaro , Nishimura Eri , Ozawa Junichi , Haga Mitsuhiro , Miyahara Naoyuki , Sakatani Shun , Minamitani Yohei , Namba Fumihiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been used as a rescue treatment for preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). However, its effectiveness remains debatable. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the impact of iNO therapy on HRF in extremely preterm infants.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed. Extremely preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit who received iNO therapy later in their postnatal life were included. The oxygen saturation index (OSI) was used as an index of the severity of respiratory failure.ResultsIn total, 30 extremely preterm infants were included in this study. Oxygenation was enhanced after the administration of iNO in infants with HRF. The OSI decreased by more than 20% in 12 patients (40%, positive responder) and did not decrease in 17 patients (57%, negative responder) within the first 6 h of treatment. The iNO initiation day was the significant independent factor associated with a positive response to iNO therapy in extremely preterm infants with HRF.ConclusionsiNO therapy was effective in enhancing oxygenation in extremely preterm infants with HRF. Earlier use of iNO was the significant factor associated with a positive therapeutic response to iNO, implying that iNO may be more effective in pulmonary vessels which are less damaged by shorter‐term mechanical ventilation.
The ScAPD1‐like gene from the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae via phenylpropanoid gene regulation
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Yang Ruirui , Liang Yuqing , Gao Bei , Li Shimin , Bai Wenwan , Oliver Melvin J. , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSoloist is a member of a distinct and small subfamily within the AP2/ERF transcriptional factor family that play important roles in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. There are limited studies of Soloist genes and their functions are poorly understood. We characterized the abiotic and biotic stress tolerance function of the ScSoloist gene (designated as ScAPD1‐like) from the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. ScAPD1‐like responded to multiple abiotic, biotic stresses and plant hormone treatments. ScAPD1‐like protein located to the nucleus and bound to several DNA elements. Overexpression of ScAPD1‐like in Arabidopsis did not alter abiotic stress resistance or inhibit Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection. However, overexpression of ScAPD1‐like significantly increased the resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis and S. caninervis to Verticillium dahliae infection, decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. ScAPD1‐like overexpression plants altered the abundance of transcripts for lignin synthesis and promoted lignin accumulation in Arabidopsis. ScAPD1‐like directly bind to RAV1, AC elements, and TATA‐box in the promoters of AtPAL1 and AtC4H genes, respectively, in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated ScAPD1‐like directly bound to PAL and C4H genes promoters in Arabidopsis and their homologs in S. caninervis. In S. caninervis, ScAPD1‐like overexpression and RNAi directly regulated the abundance of ScPAL and ScC4H transcripts and modified the metabolites of phenylpropanoid pathway. We provide insight into the function of Soloist in plant defense mechanisms that likely occurs through activation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. ScAPD1‐like is a promising candidate gene for breeding strategies to improve resistance to Verticillium wilt.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization for Exhaust Energy Splitting: An Innovative Method of Improving Exhaust Energy Grade for the Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: He Fengshuo , Lu Tong , Pan Zhenjia , Niu Yu , Zhou Gongjie , Lu Yong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, a method for improving the exhaust energy grade called exhaust energy splitting is proposed. During the exhausting process of a low-speed marine diesel engine, the exhaust energy splitting is used to split and recover the exhaust in the early stage and the sweeping gas in the late stage separately. GT-Power software and Flowmaster software are used to co-simulate and design the exhaust energy splitting system. Through exergy analysis of the exhaust piping system before and after the energy splitting, the exergy efficiency of the system increases by about 0.47–4.92%, and the optimal splitting phase is around −115 deg. At the same time, the exhaust splitting system is optimized from the perspectives of heat exergy and kinetic energy exergy, and the results show that the exergy efficiency of the optimized exhaust piping system improves by 0.2–2%. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of exhaust energy splitting through exergy analysis.
2D Active Liner Experimental Results in Acoustic Flow Duct Facility
Authors: Billon Kevin , Collet Manuel , Salze Edouard , Gillet Martin , Ouisse Morvan , Volery Maxime , Lissek Hervé , Mardjono Jacky 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper is focused on experimental characterization of new active liners technologies in acoustic flow duct facilities (FDF). These measurements have been performed in the NLR (Netherlands Aerospace Center). Different configurations of passive and active treatments have been tested using the same grazing flow conditions (Mach 0.3) in an aeroacoustic test bench: 1 conventional liner (standard SDOF sandwich panels with honeycomb core) used as reference and a 2D active liner based on an array of electroacoustic absorbers. The grazing flow test campaign comprises acoustics and aerodynamics measurements to characterize the aeroacoustics flow conditions, the membrane behavior, the acoustic impedance and the resulting insertion loss.
Dynamics and Stability of Camber Morphing Wing With Time-Varying Stiffness
Authors: Prabhakar Manoj , Murugan Senthil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Morphing wing structures are a promising concept to improve the aircraft performance. Many research works are focusing on the design of mechanism for camber morphing and its aerodynamic performance analysis. However, the dynamic and aeroelastic models of camber morphing wing that can capture the phenomena associated with morphing for performance analysis are not available. This study develops an analytical dynamic model and the solution methods to perform dynamics and stability analysis of camber morphing wing. The change in geometrical and material properties of morphing wing are modeled as time varying stiffness parameters. Floquet theory is then used to study the stability and response of the morphing wing dynamics. The dynamic response and instability regions induced due to aerodynamic flow variations, magnitude and frequency of time varying stiffness (i.e, camber morphing) are identified and quantified with these models. Numerical results show that the morphing process has significant effect on the dynamic response and stability of the camber morphing wing.
Design Space Exploration and Modelling of GATOR 3D Printed Morphing Skins
Authors: Heeb Rafael M. , Dicker Michael , Woods Benjamin K. S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Morphing aircraft wings are one of the proposed solutions to reducing aviation’s environmental impact as they seek to improve the aircraft’s aerodynamic efficiency and thereby reduce green-house gas emissions. The competing structural requirements of morphing skins, which are required to have a high out-of-plane stiffness to resist aerodynamic loading and a low in-plane stiffness to keep the actuation energy low, are one of the key reasons why this technology is not yet being deployed on a large scale. The novel Geometrically Anisotropic Thermoplastic Rubber (GATOR) morphing skins introduced by these authors seek to take advantage of multi-material 3D printing and structural scaling laws to allow for better compromises between the competing design constraints.
In this work, a finite element study of the novel GATOR skins is presented exploring the fundamental relationships between skin configuration and performance of a GATOR skin panel consisting of two face sheets and a zero Poisson’s ratio Morphcore using a numerical model comprised of second-order 3D elements and 2D first-order elements to model the core and the skin, respectively which was validated with experimental results. The GATOR skin is divided into 6 unique design parameters: core height, bending member thickness, core thickness, bending member angle, the distance between the unit cells, and skin thickness. A detailed design space analysis shows how those parameters influence the performance metrics such as axial and bending rigidity and mass properties to better understand what effect they have on those competing design requirements and how they can be used in a targeted way to optimize a GATOR skin.
Imaging of extrapontine myelinolysis preceding central pontine myelinolysis in a case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with hyperammonaemia and hypokalaemia
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Matsuki Mitsuru , Furukawa Rieko , Nakata Waka , Sakurai Yoshio , Ajihara Sayaka , Kawano Akiko , Mori Harushi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPatients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) often present with severe hyperammonaemia. We report a case of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) secondary to the treatment of hyperammonaemia due to OTCD, a disease requiring early diagnosis, as it can have a severe prognosis.CaseA girl toddler was brought to the hospital with a complaint of somnolence, presenting with hyperammonaemia and liver failure, and was diagnosed with OTCD. Treatment was started immediately, and the ammonia level returned to the normal range within 24 hours. On days 13–20, another treatment was commenced for re-elevated ammonia levels, which subsequently returned to within the reference range; however, mildly impaired consciousness persisted. Hypokalaemia coincided with temporary intravenous treatment and continuous haemodialysis. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images revealed lesions as high-signal areas in the bilateral putamen on day 11 (extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM)) and in the pons on day 51 (central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)). Consequently, ODS was diagnosed.ConclusionWhen interpreting magnetic resonance images of patients under acute treatment for hyperammonaemia due to OTCD, a condition that may be complicated by hypokalaemia, paying attention to findings suggesting EPM may help detect ODS before CPM appears and may improve patient prognosis.
Impact of additional community services provision on dementia caregiver burden: an interrupted time-series analysis of 12-year interRAI assessments in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Crystal Ying , Chau Patsy Y K , Yeoh Eng-kiong , Wong Eliza L Y 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of providing additional dementia caregiver support services on caregiver burden.DesignInterrupted time-series analysis using territory-wide panel data.SettingsAll public-funded district elderly community centres in Hong Kong (HK).ParticipantsPrimary caregivers for older adults (age over 65 years) living with dementia assessed through International Residential Assessment in HK between 1 October 2004 and 31 September 2016. Paid caregivers were excluded.InterventionsIn April 2014, US$280 million was allocated to provide additional psychological support, education and respite care for dementia caregivers in HK.Main outcome measuresCaregiver burden was measured by two age-standardised rates: (1) caregivers in emotional distress; and (2) caregivers with long care time in a week (more than 20 hours a week). We fitted the two time-series into Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to evaluate intervention impacts, with follow-up analyses to consider a 6-month transition period of policy implementation. Segmented linear regressions and Holt-Winter exponential smoothening models were used as sensitivity analyses.Results36 689 dementia caregivers were included in this study, of which 14.4% caregivers were distress and 31.9% were long-hours caregivers after the policy intervention in April 2014. Providing additional caregiver service significantly reduced standardised rates of caregivers in distress (β (95% CI)=−3.93 (−7.85 to −0.01), p<0.05), but the effect was not sustained (p=0.183). There was no significant impact on the level of age-standardised rates of caregiver with long care time (β (95 CI)=−4.25 (−9.61 to 1.10), p=0.120). Also, there was no significant delay of intervention impacts.ConclusionOur study finds that strengthening caregiver services provision could reduce distress rates among primary caregivers for older adults living with dementia. Expanding community services for caregiver could be a solution to the escalating burden of informal care for people living with dementia.