bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences with a 3D4K Digital Exoscope System (ORBEYE) in a Wide Range of Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Göttsche J. , Piffko A. , Regelsberger J. , Dührsen L. , Pantel T.F. , Westphal M. , Flitsch J. , Ricklefs F.L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Exoscopic 3D4K video systems (EX) have recently been introduced as an alternative to conventional operating microscopes (OM). However, experience in handling and setup remains scarce. This study evaluated the practicability of exoscopic surgery in a wide range of procedures.
Material and Methods All EX operations performed between August 2018 and May 2020 were evaluated and compared with procedures using OM. A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate surgeons' comfort, image quality (including fluorescence modes), and handling.
Results In all, 513 EX operations were performed during the investigated period. EX was generally rated as a valuable surgical tool. In particular, the digital 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence and the comfort level of posture during surgery were stated to be superior to OM (100 and 83%, respectively).
Conclusion EX has been used for a significant number of neurosurgical procedures. While presuming that the technical methodology as such will not influence outcome of glioma surgery, proof of equipoise between different techniques expands the spectrum of surgical environments giving neurosurgeons a choice to work according to their preferred ergonomics.
Adjusting D-dimer to Lung Disease Extent to Exclude Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients (Co-LEAD)
Authors: Planquette Benjamin , Khider Lina , Berre Alice Le , Soudet Simon , Pernod Gilles , Mao Raphaël Le , Besutti Matthieu , Gendron Nicolas , Yanoutsos Alexandra , Smadja David M. , Goudot Guillaume , Kahf Salma Al , Mohamedi Nassim , Hamoud Antoine Al , Philippe Aurélien , Fournier Laure , Rance Bastien , Diehl Jean-Luc , Mirault Tristan , Messas Emmanuel , Emmerich Joseph , Chocron Richard , Couturaud Francis , Ferretti Gilbert , Sevestre Marie Antoinette , Meneveau Nicolas , Chatellier Gilles , Sanchez Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Objective D-dimer measurement is a safe tool to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE), but its specificity decreases in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our aim was to derive a new algorithm with a specific D-dimer threshold for COVID-19 patients.
Methods We conducted a French multicenter, retrospective cohort study among 774 COVID-19 patients with suspected PE. D-dimer threshold adjusted to extent of lung damage found on computed tomography (CT) was derived in a patient set (n = 337), and its safety assessed in an independent validation set (n = 337).
Results According to receiver operating characteristic curves, in the derivation set, D-dimer safely excluded PE, with one false negative, when using a 900 ng/mL threshold when lung damage extent was <50% and 1,700 ng/mL when lung damage extent was ≥50%. In the derivation set, the algorithm sensitivity was 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.7–100.0) and its specificity 28.4% (95% CI: 24.1–32.3). The negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01–0.44) and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.60–0.67). In the validation set, sensitivity and specificity were 96.7% (95% CI: 88.7–99.6) and 39.2% (95% CI: 32.2–46.1), respectively. The NLR was 0.08 (95% CI; 0.02–0.33), and the AUC did not differ from that of the derivation set (0.68, 95% CI: 0.64–0.72, p = 0.097). Using the Co-LEAD algorithm, 76 among 250 (30.4%) COVID-19 patients with suspected PE could have been managed without CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 88 patients would have required two CTs.
Conclusion The Co-LEAD algorithm could safely exclude PE, and could reduce the use of CTPA in COVID-19 patients. Further prospective studies need to validate this strategy.
Financial wealth and early income mobility
Authors: van den Heuvel Milan , Ryckebusch Jan , Schoors Koen , Roukny Tarik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the interaction between financial wealth and early income growth. Using banking data on career starters in Belgium, we find higher income growth for individuals with higher financial wealth as early as 3 years into a career. While the roles of social capital and innate abilities appear limited, our results suggest that individuals with higher disposable wealth are more likely to find a job matching their human capital, in turn, boosting their chances of higher performance and consequent income growth. Policies addressing individuals’ capacity to accommodate frictions in the market for first jobs could therefore substantially promote economic mobility.
Ultrafast energy transfer between self-assembled fluorophore and photosynthetic light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) in lipid bilayer
Authors: Yoneda Yusuke , Kito Masaya , Mori Daiki , Goto Akari , Kondo Masaharu , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Nagasawa Yutaka , Dewa Takehisa 
Published: February 2022

Photosynthetic light-harvesting (LH) systems consist of photosynthetic pigments, which are non-covalently self-assembled with protein scaffolds in many phototrophs and attain highly efficient excitation energy transfer via ultrafast dynamics. In this study, we constructed a biohybrid LH system composed of an LH complex (LH2) from Rhodoblastus acidophilus strain 10050 and a hydrophobic fluorophore ATTO647N (ATTO) as an extrinsic antenna in the lipid bilayer. Through the addition of ATTOs into a solution of LH2-reconstituted lipid vesicles, ATTOs were incorporated into the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer to configure the non-covalently self-assembled biohybrid LH. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy clearly showed efficient energy transfer from ATTO to B850 bacteriochlorophylls in LH2. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the energy transfer took place in the time range of 3–13 ps, comparable to that of the covalently linked LH2-ATTO that we previously reported. In addition, the biohybrid LH system exhibited a much higher antenna effect than the LH2-ATTO system because of the higher loading level of ATTO in the membrane. These findings suggest that the facile self-assembled biohybrid LH system is a promising system for constructing LH for solar-energy conversion.
Adherable temperature sensor to a porous structure of fiber via reduced graphene oxide and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) complex
Authors: Jung Hanyung , Park Jinhyuk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present an adherable temperature sensor on aramid fiber filament coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) complex. The PDADMAC dispersed in a graphene oxide aqueous solution was dried and reduced to an rGO-PDADMAC complex with laser irradiation. The rGO-PDADMAC sensor was characterized with a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The rGO-PDADMAC sensor showed a negative temperature coefficient resistance change at 40% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, the sensor successfully detected 58% resistance variation from 25 °C to 100 °C as the pristine rGO sensor showed 61% resistance variation on a rigid surface. Also, the rGO-PDADMAC sensor demonstrated long-term reliability of 3% sensitivity for seven days in normal room conditions at 25 °C and 40% RH. Additionally, the adherable temperature sensor of the rGO-PDADMAC complex viscous to the porous structure of aramid fiber detected 55% sensitivity from 25 °C to 100 °C.
Scotch-tape surface wrinkling based thin-film material properties extraction
Authors: Seok Seonho , Park HyungDal , Kim Jinseok 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new simple method to measure thin film material properties using scotch-tape surface wrinkling. Thin metal films have been deposited on polymer substrates by e-beam evaporation. After patterned by photolithography and wet etching, long and narrow thin metal layers have been transferred by peel-off onto the scotch tape. The effect of velocity of scotch tape peel-off on the metal film transfer from polymer substrates to the scotch tape has been investigated. After metal transfer, metal film wrinkling patterns have been established on the scotch tape due to mechanical properties mismatch between the two materials. The wrinkling patterns have been characterized in term of amplitude and wavelength and they are compared with finite element method buckling simulation results for material properties extraction. By consequence, elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and a multilayer of 30 nm Ti on 300 nm Au have been found 147 GPa and 885 GPa based on the measured wavelength of the wrinkling films.
A perspective of active microfluidic platforms as an enabling tool for applications in other fields
Authors: Hébert Marie , Huissoon Jan , Ren Carolyn L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microfluidics has progressed tremendously as a field over the last two decades. Various areas of microfluidics developed in fully-fledged domains of their own such as organ-on-a-chip, digital and paper microfluidics. Nevertheless, the technological advancement of microfluidics as a field has not yet reached end-users for independent use. This is the key objective that is kept as a lens throughout this review. The ultimate goal is for microfluidics to be simply considered as a tool for application-focused research. A modular automated platform is envisioned to provide the stacking and modularity required to lower the knowledge barrier for end-users. The literature considered in this review is limited to active microfluidics and the analysis focuses on the potential for end-users to independently leverage the platforms for research in various fields such as cell assays, biochemistry, materials, and environmental factors monitoring.
Re-investigation and line identifications for W11+ in the visible range
Authors: Fu N , Lu Q , Yan C L , Xu G Q , Wang K , Chen C Y , Zou Y , Xiao J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a new investigation of unidentified emission lines in 350–660 nm from W11+ at a compact electron-beam ion trap in Shanghai. To help the line identification, transition energies of the lowest 48 levels are calculated by the large-scale relativistic configuration interaction and multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculation. The results from the two calculations are in good agreement with each other and the deviation is 0.66% on average. By using the collisional-radiative model implemented in the flexible atomic code, six observed lines for the visible spectrum of W11+ are identified as magnetic-dipole transitions from 4f
125s
25p
3 and 4f
135s
25p
2 configurations.
ZKASP: ZKP-based attestation of software possession for measuring instruments
Authors: Brandão Luís T A N , Galhardo Carlos E C , Peralta René 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Software-controlled measuring instruments used in commercial transactions, such as fuel dispensers and smart meters, are sometimes subject to ‘memory replacement’ attacks. Cybercriminals replace the approved software by a malicious one that then tampers with measurement results, inflicting a financial loss to customers and companies. To mitigate such attacks, legal metrology systems often require regular device attestation, where an auditor checks that the device possesses (‘knows’) the approved software. However, current attestation methods usually require the software to be known by the auditor, thus increasing the risk of inadvertent leakage or malicious theft of proprietary information, besides facilitating its malicious adulteration. We describe how this issue can be addressed in legal metrology systems by using zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge (ZKPoK). These proofs enable attestation of possession of approved software, while ensuring its confidentiality from the auditor. To further provide publicly verifiable evidence of freshness, each such proof can be related to a fresh random value from a public randomness beacon. This article presents the basic conceptual idea, while also discussing pitfalls that should be avoided.
Improving robustness of line features for VIO in dynamic scene
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Xiong Jian , Guo Hang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The point feature, whose dynamic robustness has been widely studied, dominates in the field of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) or visual-inertial odometry (VIO). When discussing a dynamic scene, line features are not given enough attention. This paper proposes a pre-processing step for VIO to reduce the influence of lines upon dynamic objects on system robustness and merges it into a state-of-the-art optimization-based VIO pipeline. First, it is determined whether the line feature is a potential dynamic line based upon the result of the semantic segmentation, optical flow and re-projection error. Then, instead of filtering them out, the information matrixes of these line features in the optimization function is adjusted by a weight-based method according to their tracked size. A simulated challenged visual-inertial dataset is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm against other state-of-the-art methods. The results shows that proposed method can increase robustness to dynamic scenes and make the line-based map neater and more intuitive through avoiding the drawing of dynamic line features during the mapping procedure.
In-depth analysis on electrical parameters of floating gate IGZO synaptic transistor affecting pattern recognition accuracy
Authors: Kwon Ojun , Oh Seyoung , Park Heejeong , Jeong Soo-Hong , Park Woojin , Cho Byungjin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The reliable conductance modulation of synaptic devices is key when implementing high-performance neuromorphic systems. Herein, we propose a floating gate indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) synaptic device with an aluminum trapping layer to investigate the correlation between its diverse electrical parameters and pattern recognition accuracy. Basic synaptic properties such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, long/short term memory, and long-term potentiation/depression are demonstrated in the IGZO synaptic transistor. The effects of pulse tuning conditions associated with the pulse voltage magnitude, interval, duration, and cycling number of the applied pulses on the conductance update are systematically investigated. It is discovered that both the nonlinearity of the conductance update and cycle-to-cycle variation should be critically considered using an artificial neural network simulator to ensure the high pattern recognition accuracy of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit images. The highest recognition rate of the MNIST handwritten dataset is 94.06% for the most optimized pulse condition. Finally, a systematic study regarding the synaptic parameters must be performed to optimize the developed synapse device.
Chloramphenicol-activated electro-chemiluminescent behavior of BNQDs-Ru(phen)3
2+ system for ultra-sensitive sensing of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical and milk samples
Authors: Wu Fang-hui , Wen Guo-qiang , Luo Xiang-rui , Xu Xu-dong , Liu Zi , Sun Wen-bin , Kang Yan-shang , Yan Zhengquan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To improve the sensitivity for electro-chemiluminescent (ECL) detection of chloramphenicol (CAP), a common broad-spectrum antibiotic, boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) were prepared with excellent photoelectric property and low toxicity. After its structure and electrochemical property were investigated in detail, it was noted that the ECL signal of Ru(Phen)3
2+ could be strengthened by the proposed BNQDs, which was further activated by ten’s times in the presence of CAP. Under the optimized conditions, there was an excellent linear relationship between ΔECL and lgc
CAP in a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol l−1 CAP. The detection limit was super-low to be 3.3 × 10−11 mol l−1 (S/N = 3). When applied for CAP detection in real pharmaceutical and food samples, the recoveries were between 97.8% and 105.7% with R.S.D. less than 3.3%. A possible CAP-activated ECL mechanism of BNQDs-Ru(phen)3
2+ was also proposed. This work will offer a great potential for efficient monitoring of CAP pollution and clinical diagnosing of CAP-related diseases in future.
Tentacled snakes-inspired flexible pressure sensor for pain sensation monitoring
Authors: Zheng Anbo , Qin Yuxiang , Zhang Xueshuo , Xia Qing , Xu Xin , Bai Chenxiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exploration of flexible tactile sensors with high sensitivity that can imitate the perception functions (tactile sensing and pain sensing) of human skin is the main force in the realization of electronic skin. The research of electronic skin with the function of pain perception is of great significance in the field of biomimetic robot and treatment of patients losing the pain sensation ability of their skin. Herein, to broaden the application field of traditional electronic skin, we demonstrate a biomimetic and highly sensitive tactile sensor for realization of sensory functionalities of human skin. The structure of our sensor mimics the surface of the tentacles of tentacled snakes, which are strikingly sensitive mechanoreceptors. We design a tentacle-inspired flexible sensor by sandwiching the convex dielectric layer of PDMS/MXene microarrays between two flexible electrodes. It is found that the bioinspired sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 3.61 kPa−1, a fast response time of 29 ms and a satisfactory stability, ensuring the ability in monitoring physiological signals. Finally, we present the application of the sensor for finger bending, international Morse code detection, and artery pulse detection. By presetting the pain thresholds of different areas of skin in a program, the sensor can identify and distinguish pressure data that exceed the pain threshold, realizing the detection of pain. In addition, it can be further applied on robot skins to assess the risk level of the working environment by monitoring its pressure data.
High-repetition-rate seeded free-electron laser with direct-amplification of an external coherent laser
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Feng Chao , Faatz Bart , Zhang Weiqing , Zhao Zhentang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Various scientific and industrial researches such as spectroscopy and advanced nano-technologies have been demanding high flux and fully coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray radiation. These demands can be commendably satisfied with a MHz-level repetition-rate seeded free-electron laser (FEL). Dictated by the seed laser system, seeded FELs have faced obstacles for the realization of MHz repetition rate. Reducing the required peak power of an external coherent seed laser can effectively increase the repetition rate of a seeded FEL. This paper presents a novel technique that employs a long modulator as a carrier for laser amplification and electron modulation, which is quite different from nominal seeded FELs. Applications of the proposed technique into high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) and echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that seed laser power is reduced by about three orders of magnitude and the FEL radiation possesses consistently high coherence and power stability with respect to the nominal HGHG or EEHG. The proposed technique paves the way for the realization of fully coherent EUV and soft x-ray FELs with a repetition rate of MHz and an average power of about 100 W.
Quantum dynamics of Gaudin magnets
Authors: He Wen-Bin , Chesi Stefano , Lin Hai-Qing , Guan Xi-Wen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum dynamics of many-body systems is a fascinating and significant subject for both theory and experiment. The question of how an isolated many-body system evolves to its steady state after a sudden perturbation or quench still remains challenging. In this paper, using the Bethe ansatz wave function, we study the quantum dynamics of an inhomogeneous Gaudin magnet. We derive explicit analytical expressions for various local dynamic quantities with an arbitrary number of flipped bath spins, such as: the spin distribution function, the spin–spin correlation function, and the Loschmidt echo. We also numerically study the relaxation behavior of these dynamic properties, gaining considerable insight into coherence and entanglement between the central spin and the bath. In particular, we find that the spin–spin correlations relax to their steady value via a nearly logarithmic scaling, whereas the Loschmidt echo shows an exponential relaxation to its steady value. Our results advance the understanding of relaxation dynamics and quantum correlations of long-range interacting models of the Gaudin type.
Looking through the windows: a study about the dependency of phase-coupling estimates on the data length
Authors: Basti Alessio , Chella Federico , Guidotti Roberto , Ermolova Maria , D’Andrea Antea , Stenroos Matti , Romani Gian Luca , Pizzella Vittorio , Marzetti Laura 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Being able to characterize functional connectivity (FC) state dynamics in a real-time setting, such as in brain–computer interface, neurofeedback or closed-loop neurostimulation frameworks, requires the rapid detection of the statistical dependencies that quantify FC in short windows of data. The aim of this study is to characterize, through extensive realistic simulations, the reliability of FC estimation as a function of the data length. In particular, we focused on FC as measured by phase-coupling (PC) of neuronal oscillations, one of the most functionally relevant neural coupling modes. Approach. We generated synthetic data corresponding to different scenarios by varying the data length, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the phase difference value, the spectral analysis approach (Hilbert or Fourier) and the fractional bandwidth. We compared seven PC metrics, i.e. imaginary part of phase locking value (iPLV), PLV of orthogonalized signals, phase lag index (PLI), debiased weighted PLI, imaginary part of coherency, coherence of orthogonalized signals and lagged coherence. Main results. Our findings show that, for a SNR of at least 10 dB, a data window that contains 5–8 cycles of the oscillation of interest (e.g. a 500–800 ms window at 10 Hz) is generally required to achieve reliable PC estimates. In general, Hilbert-based approaches were associated with higher performance than Fourier-based approaches. Furthermore, the results suggest that, when the analysis is performed in a narrow frequency range, a larger window is required. Significance. The achieved results pave the way to the introduction of best-practice guidelines to be followed when a real-time frequency-specific PC assessment is at target.