bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on compressive strength of ultrafine graded fly ash replaced concrete and machine learning approaches in its strength prediction
Authors: Suprakash Adapala Sunny , Karthiyaini Somasundaram , Shanmugasundaram Muthusamy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUltrafine graded fly ash (UFGFA) is a well‐graded pozzolanic material among silica‐rich reactive pozzolans that contributes to the improvement of the early pozzolanic reactivity of cement paste, mortar, and concrete at early ages. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effect of UFGFA on the development of compressive strength in M20, M25, and M30 grade concretes with a partial replacement of cement ranging from 0% to 40% by weight at various water‐binder (W/B) ratios of 0.43–0.53. Compressive strength development was examined at ages 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Additionally, three machine learning (ML) models (linear regression, ANN, and GEP) were used to predict the compressive strength of the concretes using different predictive classifications. According to the investigations, experimental studies indicate that a lower W/B ratio and a minimum amount of UFGFA replacement result in an increase in strength at an early age of 7 days. At 14, 28, and 56 days, higher strength results were obtained when 15%–30% UFGFA was replaced with a W/B ratio less than 0.5, whereas a reduction in strength was observed when more than 30% UFGFA was replaced with cement and with W/B ratio greater than 0.5. All machine learning models produced good predictions of compressive strength, with LR models having least performance and ANN has the more accurate fit. ANN models outperformed the other three machine learning models, but GEP models performed identically near to the ANN model, with expressions generated, that can be used for further development of predictive model.
Unravelling the species diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of the mycoheterotrophic Voyrieae (Gentianaceae) and the description of a new species
Authors: Gomes Sofia I.F. , Kikuchi Izai A.B.S. , Lachenaud Olivier , Perdomo Julian , Léotard Guillaume , Maas Paul J.M. , Maas‐van de Kamer Hiltje , Merckx Vincent S.F.T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBecause different tropical forest regions possess their own species diversity and communities, it is crucial to investigate the diversification history of their biota to understand how biodiversity was assembled. However, this requires reliable species concepts and robust, well‐sampled phylogenies. Here we focus on the fully mycoheterotrophic genusVoyria(Gentianaceae) and its diversification history in the Neotropics. We use a likelihood‐based approach to test species boundaries inVoyriawith a population‐level ITS dataset and we build an extensive multigene species‐level phylogenetic framework forVoyria, which we use to infer the biogeographic evolution of the genus. We find strong support for the established morphology‐based species delimitation in this genus but we also discover a new species, which we describe here. Ancestral area reconstructions place the origin of the Voyrieae in the Guianas. Frequent exchange with other forest regions is inferred to have started from the Oligocene and continued toward the present. In these exchanges, the Guianas appeared to have acted as the most important source, while other regions mainly functioned as sinks. We conclude that well‐sampled phylogenies of fully mycoheterotrophic plants, which are ecologically restricted to rainforest habitats, can be instrumental to test hypotheses on rainforest biome evolution.
Fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) bottle with high barrier property and mechanical property via compound plasticization
Authors: Zuo Wenqiang , Xu Dawei , Li Li , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe conventional solution method can hardly manufacture the three‐dimensional poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) part, thus blocking its further industrial development. Complex‐shaped PVA products could be fabricated by thermal processing, however, the migration of plasticizers in PVA melt‐processed products frequently leads to deteriorated performance and limited application. In this article, part glycerol was replaced by solid polyols with higher molecular weight in compound plasticizing systems, finally realizing the continuous production of three‐dimensional PVA bottles. The remaining glycerol offered the easy access for solid polyols to enter the PVA molecules, which provided better stability for the plasticized system during the blow molding processing. With the incorporation of solid polyols, the migration behaviors of plasticizers were remarkably inhibited. The extraction migration rate was remarkably reduced from 54.1% to 7.4%, and the contact migration rate was reduced from 14.0% to 5.4%. The environmental‐friendly PVA bottles possessed the excellent barrier properties and axial bearing pressure capacity. The permeation rate of petroleum ether was reduced from 1.6 to 0.9 g·mm/m2·day, and the axial bearing pressure was increased from 74.3 to 148.7 N, demonstrating the promising application for PVA in barrier packaging fields.
Testing for implicit bias: Values, psychometrics, and science communication
Authors: Byrd Nick , Thompson Morgan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur understanding of implicit bias and how to measure it has yet to be settled. Various debates between cognitive scientists are unresolved. Moreover, the public's understanding of implicit bias tests continues to lag behind cognitive scientists'. These discrepancies pose potential problems. After all, a great deal of implicit bias research has been publicly funded. Further, implicit bias tests continue to feature in discourse about public‐ and private‐sector policies surrounding discrimination, inequality, and even the purpose of science. We aim to do our part by reconstructing some of the recent arguments in ordinary language and then revealing some of the operative norms or values that are often hidden beneath the surface of these arguments. This may help the public learn more about the science of implicit bias. It may also help both laypeople and scientists reflect on the values, interests, and stakeholders involved in establishing, justifying, and communicating scientific research.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Social Development
Liberty, Loyalty, and Solidarity: The Role of Transnational, National, and Local Resources in Voluntary Organizations in Russia
Authors: Kravchenko Zhanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the transformation of volunteer work as an organizational resource in the context of the transformation of Russian civil society over the past 30 years. Utilized by voluntary associations as well as by professionalized NGOs, this type of resource can serve as a vehicle for building personal relationships and commitments with corporate partners while also eliciting individual work and financial contributions. By examining a charity organization and a community-based association and a charity organization operating in St. Petersburg since the late 1980s and early 1990s, respectively, this study links the structures and processes that integrate volunteering into the organizational fabric to an overall structure of resource mobilization patterns at the local, national, and transnational levels.
Pecunia olet: The Funding Dilemma for Think Tanks in Poland
Authors: Jezierska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThink tanks are a special type of civil society organization engaged in research and advocacy. They produce and deliver social analysis to policymakers and the wider public, aiming to influence policy in a given direction while declaring themselves detached from vested interests. This chapter focuses on how the image of independence rhymes with think tanks’ need for significant economic resources, revealing two main strategies to resolve the resulting funding dilemma. The first strategy entails diversification of funding sources; the second is avoiding certain types of funding outright. The concrete sources that individual think tanks eschew turn out to be linked to their ideological profiles: conservative institutions highlighted foreign funding as the most problematic, while market liberal and centrist liberal institutions shunned state funding.
From Local to Digital and Back: E-Resourcefulness Among Urban Movements in Poland
Authors: Domaradzka Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, websites, blogs, and social media profiles have become important resources for managing the activities of neighborhood groups and wider networks of urban activists in Poland. Via the Internet, residents obtain information, local activists mobilize other community members, and organizers announce various types of local activities and events. At the grassroots level, online platforms help to maintain relations between involved neighbors and to build a common identity related to a given place. On the supra-local level, they are even more important as networking tools for knowledge sharing and the coordination of lobbying activities nationwide. The selected case demonstrates that effectiveness in modern social initiatives can be maximized by combining bottom-up initiatives with the communication possibilities offered by the Internet.
Keine Zukunft? Alter und Altern in der ‚alternden Gesellschaft‘
Authors: Lang Frieder R. , Lessenich Stephan , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungKeine andere Altersgruppe ist in unserer Gesellschaft in ähnlichem Maße Gegenstand von homogenisierenden und stereotypisierenden Zuschreibungen wie ‚die Alten‘. Dabei ist das höhere Alter nicht weniger ‚bunt‘ als jede andere Lebensphase. Hinter der gleichmacherischen Rede von ‚den‘ älteren Menschen verbirgt sich eine soziale Welt ungeahnter Diversität. Diese Vielfalt des Alters und Alterns, des Älterwerdens und des Alterserlebens sichtbar zu machen, war ein zentrales Anliegen der Studie Altern als Zukunft. Von Altersbildern über die Vorsorge bis zum Zeithandeln finden sich durchgängig Hinweise, dass Alter und Altern keine globalen oder einheitlichen Phänomene sind, sondern immer nur mit Bezug zu bestimmten Lebenskontexten analysiert und verstanden werden können.
Zukunftshandeln und Altersvorsorge
Authors: Lang Frieder R. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Projekt Altern als Zukunft wurden Erwartungen, Einstellungen und Handlungen untersucht, die sich auf die Vorsorge für das Alter und auf die persönliche Zukunft beziehen. Im Vordergrund stehen drei Fragekomplexe, die sich dem Vorsorgehandeln widmen und dessen motivationaler Verankerung: Erstens geht es darum, wie Altersvorsorge ja nach Lebenskontext und Themenfeld verschieden gedacht, geplant und gestaltet wird. Zweitens geht es um die Bewertungen der möglichen Folgen des Vorsorgehandelns. Drittens werden die Wünsche behandelt, die Menschen für ihre Zukunft im Alter haben. Bei allen Fragekomplexen werden auch Einflüsse des Alters und des kulturellen Kontexts betrachtet.
Quantifying the maximum possible improvement in $$2^{k}$$ experiments
Authors: Sudarsanam Nandan , Kumar Anusha , Frey Daniel D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research formulates, and numerically quantifies the optimal response that can be discovered in a design space characterized by main effects, and two-way and three-way interactions. In an experimental design setup, this can be conceptualized as the response of the best treatment combination of a$$2^k$$2kfull factorial design. Using Gaussian and Uniform priors for the strength of main effects and interaction effects, this study enables a practitioner to make estimates of the maximum possible improvement that is possible through design space exploration. For basic designs up to two factors, we construct the full distribution of the optimal treatment. Whereas, for values of$$k\ge 3$$k≥3, we analytically formulate two indicators of a greedy heuristic of the expected value of the optimal treatment. We present results for these formulations up to$$k=7$$k=7factors and validate these through simulations. Finally, we also present an illustrative case study of the power loss in disengaged wet clutches, which confirms our findings and serves as an implementation guide for practitioners.
Dual-axes of functional organisation across lateral parietal cortex: the angular gyrus forms part of a multi-modal buffering system
Authors: Humphreys Gina F. , Tibon Roni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDecades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence have implicated the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) in a myriad of cognitive domains, generating numerous influential theoretical models. However, these theories fail to explain why distinct cognitive activities appear to implicate common neural regions. Here we discuss a unifying model in which the angular gyrus forms part of a wider LPC system with a core underlying neurocomputational function; the multi-sensory buffering of spatio-temporally extended representations. We review the principles derived from computational modelling with neuroimaging task data and functional and structural connectivity measures that underpin the unified neurocomputational framework. We propose that although a variety of cognitive activities might draw on shared underlying machinery, variations in task preference across angular gyrus, and wider LPC, arise from graded changes in the underlying structural connectivity of the region to different input/output information sources. More specifically, we propose two primary axes of organisation: a dorsal–ventral axis and an anterior–posterior axis, with variations in task preference arising from underlying connectivity to different core cognitive networks (e.g. the executive, language, visual, or episodic memory networks).
Disconnections in personal neglect
Authors: Bertagnoli S. , Pacella V. , Rossato E. , Jenkinson P. M. , Fotopoulou A. , Scandola M. , Moro Valentina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPersonal neglect is a disorder in the perception and representation of the body that causes the patients to behave as if the contralesional side of their body does not exist. This clinical condition has not been adequately investigated in the past as it has been considered a symptom of unilateral spatial neglect, which has mainly been studied with reference to extrapersonal space. Only a few studies with small samples have investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of personal neglect, and these have mainly focused on discrete cortical lesions and modular accounts, as well as being based on the hypothesis that this disorder is associated with somatosensory and spatial deficits. In the present study, we tested the novel hypothesis that personal neglect may be associated not only with discrete cortical and subcortical lesions, but also with disconnections of white matter tracts. We performed an advanced lesion analyses in a large sample of 104 right hemisphere damaged patients, 72 of whom were suffering from personal neglect. Results from the analyses of the grey and white matter were controlled for co-occurrent clinical variables such as extrapersonal neglect, anosognosia for hemiplegia and motor deficits, along with other lesion-related variables such as lesion size and the interval from the lesion onset to neuroimaging recordings. Our results reveal that personal neglect is associated with lesions in a medial network which involves the temporal cortex (Heschl’s gyrus), the ventro-lateral nuclei of the thalamus and the fornix. This suggests that personal neglect involves a convergence between sensorimotor processes, spatial representation and the processing of self-referred information (episodic memory).
Optimisation of Trailing Edge Flaps on the Base Cavity of a Vehicle for Improved Performance at Yaw
Authors: Urquhart Magnus , Sebben Simone 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of passenger vehicles are becoming increasingly stringent. The aerodynamic drag is a major contributor to the vehicle’s total energy consumption where a large portion is attributed to the base wake. This paper optimises the angles of small trailing edge flaps on a base cavity of a full-scale sports utility vehicle placed in a wind tunnel. The trailing edge flaps are controlled using servos mounted inside the cavity. The flap angles are optimised using a surrogate model based optimisation algorithm with the objective of reducing the aerodynamic drag at different yaw angles and to create a yaw-insensitive geometry by considering several weighted yaw angles to form the driving cycle averaged drag. Low drag designs are further investigated using base pressures and wake measurements. The results show that the base pressures are symmetrised by reducing the crossflow in the wake. As the model is yawed the wake becomes increasingly downwash dominated by a large rotating windward structure which is reduced by the optimised flaps. The cycle averaged drag optimised design has a smaller increase in drag when yawed compared to a design optimised without considering yaw.
Why (Some) Corporations Have Positive Duties to (Some of) the Global Poor
Authors: Ó Laoghaire Tadhg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany corporations are large, powerful, and wealthy. There are massive shortfalls of global justice, with hundreds of millions of people in the world living below the threshold of extreme poverty, and billions more living not far above that threshold. Where injustice and needs shortfalls must be remediated, we often look towards agents’ capabilities to determine who ought to bear the costs of rectifying the situation. The combination of these three claims grounds what I call a ‘linkage-based’ account of why corporations have demanding positive duties to the global poor. In this paper, I put forward a distinctive linkage-based account of corporations’ positive duties centred on the idea of dependence and the importance of meeting agents’ core needs. In addition to outlining and defending this account, I will show that we can utilise its basic conceptual components to make headway on questions that have received insufficient attention in the business ethics literature; specifically, we can say something substantive about the weighting of needy agents’ competing claims to assistance, and about the limits to the demands that can be lodged against corporations on the basis of others' unmet needs. Having integrated considerations of duties' grounding, their comparative weight, and the limits of their demandingness into a single account of corporate positive duty, I conclude by discussing a challenge to attributing to corporations duties owed to the worst-off amongst the global poor.
Landscape genetics of an endangered salt marsh endemic: Identifying population continuity and barriers to dispersal
Authors: Statham Mark J. , Aylward Cody M. , Barthman-Thompson Laureen , Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreserving the genetic diversity of endangered species is fundamental to their conservation and requires an understanding of genetic structure. In turn, identification of landscape features that impede gene flow can facilitate management to mitigate such obstacles and help with identifying isolated populations. We conducted a landscape genetic study of the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), a species endemic to the coastal marshes of the San Francisco Estuary of California. We collected and genotyped > 500 samples from across the marshes of Suisun Bay which contain the largest remaining tracts of habitat for the species. Cluster analyses and a population tree identified three geographically discrete populations. Next, we conducted landscape genetic analyses at two scales (the entire study area and across the Northern Marshes) where we tested 65 univariate models of landscape features and used the best supported to test multivariable analyses. Our analysis of the entire study area indicated that open water and elevation (> 2 m) constrained gene flow. Analysis of the Northern Marshes, where low elevation marsh habitat is more continuous, indicated that geographic distance was the only significant predictor of genetic distance at this scale. The identification of a large, connected population across Northern Marshes achieves a number of recovery targets for this stronghold of the species. The identification of landscape features that act as barriers to dispersal enables the identification of isolated and vulnerable populations more broadly across the species range, thus aiding conservation prioritization.
A forecasting and warning system of storm surge events along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Kristensen Nils Melsom , Røed Lars Petter , Sætra Øyvind 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the Norwegian Meteorological Institute’s system regarding the daily forecasts of water level, and warnings of possible dangerous water level events along the Norwegian coast. The system consists of three parts, the production of water level forecasts, a decision support system, and a system for dissemination of warnings to key users and the general public. Included is a brief description of the forecasting model and the parallel ensemble prediction system, and an assessment of the forecasts produced by them. Based on the assessment of the production models for a three year period we find that they provide sufficiently trustworthy forecasts of water levels for the purpose at hand. Also included is a description of the web based decision support system for issuing warnings. The decision support system was for instance used during the extreme weather event “Elsa” in February 2020, and was found to be an efficient tool both to monitor the event in its early stages and to expedite warnings to key users and the general public.
Why do Socioeconomic Differences in Women’s Living Standards Converge After Union Dissolution?
Authors: Hogendoorn Bram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnion dissolution is a critical event for women’s living standards. Previous work has found that women in high-income unions lose more from union dissolution than women in low-income unions. This study proposes two mechanisms to explain this “convergence” in living standards. The compensation mechanism concerns the ability to compensate the loss of partner earnings with alternative sources of income, whereas the partner independence mechanism concerns how much women stand to lose from dissolution in the first place. To test these mechanisms, the author drew on a unique administrative dataset from the Netherlands, covering women who experienced dissolution within ten years after union formation (N = 57,960). A decomposition analysis showed that convergence was not driven by compensation: women from all income groups decreased their household size and re-partnered, women from low-income unions increased transfer income, and women from high-income unions increased personal earnings and decreased tax payments. Instead, convergence was driven by partner independence: women from lower-income unions depended relatively less on their partners because they relied more on transfer income prior to dissolution. These results demonstrate how partners’ interdependence moderates the consequences of life events. The welfare state plays a crucial role in this process.