bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Uplink Transmit Power Mechanism for Energy Efficiency in Infrared-Based LiFi IoT Networks
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Qaisar Saad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The continuously increasing number of Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) access points have resulted in increased congestion in already congested indoor networks. In recent years, Light Fidelity (LiFi) has presented itself as upcoming access technology to complement WiFi owing to its vast spectrum, high data rates, and secrecy. Infrared (IR) is widely adopted in the uplink of LiFi-based systems. Due to the limited availability of energy in the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, energy efficiency is vital. This paper presents a client-based adaptive IR uplink transmit power algorithm to enhance energy efficiency while satisfying the data rate requirement of IoT nodes. With hardware-based experimentation with LZ1 IR-LED and Heidi lens, the need for such an adaptive transmit power mechanism is first demonstrated. Simulation-based evaluation is then performed, showing that the proposed algorithm outperforms random and fixed uplink optical powers in terms of energy efficiency and satisfaction of data rate requirements of IoT nodes. The results clearly show the need for hardware design of IR-based IoT nodes with integrated adaptive uplink transmit power algorithms for LiFi IoT networks.
Aerosol Optical Depth over the Middle East and North Africa region in CMIP6 Models: Climatology, Variability, and Trends
Authors: Kunchala Ravi Kumar , Attada Raju , Karumuri Rama Krishna , Seelanki Vivek , Singh Bhupendra Bahadur , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the aerosol optical depth (AOD) distribution in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The CMIP6 outputs are first validated against available moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and multiangle imaging spectroradiometer satellite observations and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis over the 2003–2014 period. The climatological annual AOD fields across the 16 CMIP6 models range between 0.2 to 0.8, in agreement with the satellite observations (0.2 to 0.6). The regionally averaged climatological AOD from the satellite observations over the MENA region is 0.35, while it ranges between 0.15 and 0.50 in the CMIP6 models. A multi-model mean (MME) was constructed as the average of the five best CMIP6 models, selected based on the correlations with observations (> 0.8), and other robust statistical metrics. The MME reproduces the AOD seasonal cycle and its interannual variations over the MENA. The observed positive trends (summer and annual) over the AP, and negative trends (winter) over the North African regions, are well captured. Furthermore, the MME generally reproduces the regional meteorological factors responsible for the AOD trends, albeit with a few discrepancies.
Brain tumor segmentation based on improved U-Net
Authors: zheng ping , Zhu Xunfei , Guo Wenbo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Automatic segmentation of brain tumors using deep learning algorithms is one of the research hotspots in the field of medical image segmentation at this stage. An improved u-net network is proposed to segment brain tumors in order to improve the segmentation effect of brain tumors.Methods: In order to solve the problems that other brain tumor segmentation models such as U-Net have insufficient ability to segment edge details, poor extraction of location information and the commonly used Binary Cross-Entropy and Dice loss are often ineffective when used as loss functions for brain tumor segmentation models, we propose a serial encoding-decoding structure, which achieves improved segmentation performance by adding Hybrid Dilated Convolution (HDC) modules and the connections between each module of the two serial networks, in addition, we propose a new loss function in order to make the model more focused on samples that are difficult to segment and classify. We compared the results of our proposed model and the commonly used segmentation models under IOU, PA, Dice, Precision, Hausdorf95, and ASD metrics.Results: The performance of the proposed method outperforms other segmentation models in each metric. In addition, the schematic diagram of segmentation results shows that the segmentation results of our algorithm are closer to ground truth, showing more details of brain tumors, while the segmentation results of other algorithms are more smooth.Conclusions: Our algorithm has better semantic segmentation performance, compared with other commonly used segmentation algorithms. The technology we proposed can be used in the diagnosis of brain tumors to provide better protection for patients' later treatment.
Development of an Implantable Collamer Lens Sizing Model: A Retrospective Study Using ANTERION Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography and a Literature Review
Authors: Kim Taein , Kim Su Jeong , Lee Bo Young , Cho Hye Jin , Sa Beom Gi , Ryu Ik Hee , Kim Jin Kuk , Lee In Sik , Han Eoksoo , Yoo Tae Keun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Optimal sizing for phakic intraocular lens (EVO ICL with KS-AquaPort) implantation plays an important role in preventing postoperative complications. We aimed to formulate optimal lens sizing using ocular biometric parameters measured by the Heidelberg anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 892 eyes of 471 healthy subjects treated with intraocular collamer lens (ICL) and assigned them to development (80%) and validation (20%) sets. We built vault prediction models using the development set via classic linear regression methods, partial least squares, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression techniques. We evaluated prediction abilities based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to select the best prediction model. The performance was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and the mean squared error (MAE) between the achieved and predicted vaults.
Results
Measurements of aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle (ACA) distance, spur-to-spur distance, crystalline lens thickness (LT), and white-to-white distance from ANTERION were highly associated with the ICL vault. The LASSO model using the AQD, ACA distance, and LT showed the best BIC results for postoperative ICL vault prediction. In the validation dataset, the LASSO model showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.582, P < 0.001) and the lowest MAE (104.5 µm).
Conclusions
This is the first study to develop a postoperative ICL vault prediction and lens sizing model based on ANTERION. As the measurements from ANTERION and other AS-OCT are not interchangeable, ANTERION can be used for optimal ICL sizing using our formula.
Risk Assessment of Human Monkeypox Infections for Vaccine Prioritization
Authors: Zucker Roy , Lavie Gil , Sagy Yael Wolff , Arieh Noa Gur , Markovits Hila , Abu-Ahmad Weissam , Battat Erez , Beckenstein Tanya , Carmeli Guy , Mark-Amir Avner , Wagner-Kolasko Gal , Edri Amos , Duskin-Bitan Hadar , Yaron Shlomit , Peretz Alon , Netzer Doron , Arbel Ronen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
As the current global resurgence of monkeypox virus infection (MPXVi) continues, the immediate supply of vaccines is lower than the demand. Therefore, prioritization of vaccinations for the highest risk subjects using routine medical records is warranted.
Methods
This population-based cohort study included all Clalit Health Services (CHS) subjects deemed at moderate-to-high risk for MPXVi: males who purchased HIV-PrEP or tested for sexually transmitted infections since January 2021, aged 25–46 who received Human Papilloma Virus vaccine, or HIV-positive. We defined a high-risk group within the cohort and compared the risk for MPXVi to the moderate-risk group from June 6 (the first known CHS case) until Jul 25, 2022.
Results
Out of 4.8 million CHS members, 8,089 met the study eligibility criteria (0.18%). During the study period, 54 CHS members tested positive for MPXVi, 51 (94%) of whom were included in the study cohort. The highest risk group included 2,274 (28%) subjects who met the following criteria in 2022: Used HIV-PrEP or erectile dysfunction therapy or were diagnosed with STIs by rectal PCR. The hazard ratio for MPXV infection in the high-risk group compared to the moderate-risk group is 19.35 (95% CI: 8.26–45.36). The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV for MPXV infection are 88.2%, 72.3%, 99.9%, and 2.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
Subjects in the highest risk group have a nearly 20-fold risk for MPXV infection compared to the moderate risk group. Our findings may assist in prioritizing new vaccines by promptly identifying high-risk populations without the need for intrusive sexual behavior questioning.
Sustained effect of leukocytapheresis/granulocytapheresis versus anti-human TNF-α monoclonal antibody on ulcerative colitis - a 2-year retrospective study -
Authors: Sakai Masahiro , Hayashi Koichi , Ito Tomoyuki , Otani Haruka , Mori Yuya , Ito Shinsuke , Endo Keita , Matsuda Hiroto , Yoshino Kaede , Kitamura Koichi , Kubota Eiji , Motomura Yasuaki , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Fujitani Shigeki , Suzuki Toshihiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Although anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody (BP) agents are widely used as an established treatment tool for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC), whether leukocytapheresis/granulocytapheresis (L/G-CAP) has similar beneficial impact on the disease activity remains undetermined. Furthermore, the costs defrayed for the treatment with these two modalities have not been compared. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated whether L/G-CAP offered sustained beneficial effects over 2-year period. The patients who had moderately to severely active UC (Rachmilewitz Clinical Activity Index (CAI)≧5) and were treated with a series (10 sessions) of L/G-CAP (n=19) or BP (n=7) as an add-on therapy to conventional medications were followed. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness pertaining to the treatment with L/G-CAP and BP was assessed over 12 months. Results: At baseline, L/G-CAP and BP groups manifested similar disease activity (CAI, L/G-CAP; 7.0 [6.0-10.0], BP; 10.0 [6.0-10.0], p=0.207). The L/G-CAP and BP treatment suppressed the activity, with CAI 1 or less attained on day 180. When the L/G-CAP group was dichotomized into L/G-CAP-high and L/G-CAP-low group based on CAI values (≥3 or <3) on day 365, CAI was gradually elevated in L/G-CAP-high group but remained suppressed in L/G-CAP-low group without additional apheresis for two years. Anemia was corrected more rapidly and hemoglobin levels were higher in BP group. The cost of the treatment with L/G-CAP over 12 months was curtailed to 76% of that with BP (1.79 [1.73-1.92] vs. 2.35 [2.29-3.19] million yen, p=0.028). Conclusions: L/G-CAP is as effective as BP in a substantial number of patients over two years. The cost for the treatment of UC favors L/G-CAP although the correction of anemia may prefer BP. Thus, L/G-CAP can effectively manage the disease activity with no additional implementation for two years although further therapeutic modalities might be required in a certain population with high CAI observed on day 365. Trial registration: This study is a retrospective analysis evaluating the long-term efficacy of L/G-CAP and anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody agents on the disease activity during a total of two years, and also assessing the costs of the treatment for UC over 12-month period (UMIN trial No. 000036954). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center (Chiba, institutional approval No. 376) and Keiyu Hospital (Yokohama, Kanagawa, institutional approval No. R3-26) with waiver of the requirement for obtaining informed consent, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Information from medical records was anonymized and de-identified prior to final analysis.
The level of fascin-1 in circulating tumor cells and in cells of the local tumor site in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kakurina Gelena , Sereda Elena , Stakheeva Marina , Tashireva Lubov , Velikaya Viktoria , Cheremisina Olga , Kondakova Irina , Choinzonov Evgeny . 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The study of the biology of highly aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the search for prognostic markers are of great significance. Disease progression is the major cause of death in cancer patients and is associated with remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Fascin-1 (FSCN1), an actin-binding protein, is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and motility of tumor cells. To analyze the contribution of FSCN1 to the progression of HNSCC, we determined its serum level, the relative number of FSCN1-containing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and peripheral blood leukocytes, tumor cells (TC), and tumor microenvironment cells. We also estimated all parameters as prognostic markers of metastasis and recurrence in HNSCC patients. Methods: Biological samples from 33 HNSCC patients (T1-4N0-2M0) were taken before starting anticancer therapy. Blood serum from 11 healthy volunteers served as a control. The serum level of FSCN1 was determined using ELISA. The number of FSCN1+ leukocytes and CTCs was assessed by flow cytometry. The number of FSCN1- expressing tumor cell components was evaluated using TSA-modified immunofluorescence analysis. For statistical analysis the Statistica 8.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software package was used. Results: The serum level of FSCN1 was significantly higher in HNSCC patients than in healthy volunteers (p=0.05). In peripheral blood, the relative number of FSCN1+ CD326+ CTCs was almost 3 times higher than the number of FSCN1+ leukocytes. In the primary tumor tissue, the number of TC_FSCN1+ (6.1[1.1;18.2]%) was higher than that of other tumor components containing this protein. The number of FSCN1+ tissue fibroblasts was the lowest (0.36[0.0;1.8]%). In HNSCC patients with lymph node metastases (T2-4N1-2M0), the serum level of FSCN1 was 10 times higher than that observed in HNSCC patients without lymph node metastases. The FSCN1level of more than 2.7ng\ml in HNSCC patients before treatment was associated with a high risk of progression within 12 months after anticancer treatment. In HNSCC patients with disease progression occurred a year after anticancer treatment, the content of FSCN1+ tumor cells was 6 times higher than that in HNSCC patients without disease progression. The number of FSCN1+CD326+ CTCs strongly correlated with the content of TC_FSCN1+ tissue (r=0.9; p=0.02). Conclusion: We were the first to give a comprehensive assessment of the content of FSCN1 in various biological samples of patients with HNSCC. The relative number of TC_FSCN1+ in tissue samples was shown to correlate with HNSCC progression. The assessment of the serum level of FSCN1 can be promising for determining the risk of progression within 12 months after treatment in patients with HNSCC.
Study of Symptoms, Signs and Surgical Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation in Damascus Hospital.
Authors: Al-koud Mohamad , Mousa Asma , Abdin Jihad , Al-Fawaris Ma'moun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:In view of the increasing number of cases that regressed with a history of pulpous hernia and based on the importance of morbidity and functional disability caused by such cases, it was necessary to conduct this study to study the symptoms and signs that patients refer to and to know the optimal treatment method for themMethods:A retrospective study was conducted: The hospital's approval was obtained to review patients' data from 2021 to 2022, Samples were collected from patient records in the Neurosurgery Division of the hospital, the questionnaire was created in an automated electronic Google form, the data is archived by Microsoft Excel 2019, The study included 180 patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Division who were diagnosed with pulpal herniation (disc) at Al-Mujtahid Hospital in Damascus. Below we review some characteristics of the sample according to demographic variables and the variables that measure risk factorsResults:63.3% of the patients were female, and the mean age was 47.3 years, 22.7% had a history of arterial hypertension, and 12.3% had a history of diabetes. The percentage Lower back with a radicular spread of 36.1%. While 17.9% had nervous claudication, and 14.9% had numbness and numbness, most of the patients also had acute pain 54.4%. Where the percentage of hernia in the vertebrae (L5-L4) 54.4% was the largest. The Lasik score was positive on one side at 42.2%, and 5.6% positive on both sides. While 89.4% of them were managed surgicallyConclusion:Based on the existing results, it was found that most cases regressed in advanced stages after the development of symptoms, which leads to the need for surgery as the best way to get rid of pain.
Effect of Citric Acid and Benzophenone Tetracarboxyclic Acid Treatments on Stability and Durability of Short Rotation Teak Wood
Authors: Basri Efrida , Hanifah Nisrina , Martha Resa , Rahayu Istie S. , Darmawan Wayan , Gérardin Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Short rotation teak has been around 30 cm in diameter at the age of 15 years, however the wood is low quality especially in dimensional stability and durability. The short rotation teak wood was treated by non-biocide chemicals of Citric Acid (CA) and Benzophenone Tetracarboxylic Acid (BPTCA). The objective of this study was to improve dimensional stability and durability of the short rotation teak by modification treatment of CA and BPTCA. Short rotation teak sapwood was impregnated by 20% and 40% of both CA and BPTCA followed by heated in oven at 150 °C (HT150oC) for 2 h. Dimensional stability was characterized by anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water uptake (WU), and termite durability was determined by weight loss and percentage of damage of the wood samples. The results show that the ASE values increased in the average of 46% and 50% after CA and BPTCA treatments, respectively. The WU values decreased in the average of 34% and 22% after CA and BPTCA treatments, respectively. These phenomena indicated a remarkable improvement in dimensional stability of the treated teak wood. Weight losses of treated teak woods due to termites were in the average of 1.0% and 1.5% after CA and BPTCA treatments, respectively, which categorized their durability to be class 1 (very durable). The results showed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) indicate that chemical reaction of wood lignin with CA and BPTCA chemicals was occurred. The CA and BPTCA treatment can be applied for improving the quality of short rotation teaks for high quality wood product utilization.
Metachronous adenocarcinoma at stoma site 50 years after abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma rectum – A case report and review of literature
Authors: L Harilal S , Konan Bharat , Pottakkat Biju , Raja Kalayarasan , M Priyanka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStoma site carcinomas are rare tumors, most of which are metachronous cancers of the colon. Due to the rarity of the condition, evidence-based guidelines are yet to be formulated. The patient and the enterostomal therapist must be aware of stomal tumors to facilitate early intervention, as most tumors are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, here we describe a case of stomal carcinoma post abdominoperineal resection and its successful management. We also review similar cases reported in the literature.Case A 72-year-old male presented with a nodule over the stoma site of two months duration. He had undergone abdominoperineal resection with end descending colostomy in 1970 for rectal cancer. Examination revealed multiple nodular ulceroproliferative lesions from 9 o'clock to 3 o'clock position. Colonoscopy and staging with whole-body positron emission tomography combined with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (PET-CT) ruled out other lesions and lymph nodal or distant metastases. Wide local excision and refashioning of stoma were performed. Histopathological examination revealed stage I metachronous descending colon cancer. His postoperative course was uneventful, and there is no evidence of tumor recurrence at three years of follow-up. ConclusionA primary adenocarcinoma originating from a colostomy site is rare but can occur many years after the end of the recommended postoperative follow-up period. It is essential to train ostomates to monitor the stoma for possible tumors to facilitate early diagnosis and to recognize the impact of such a recurrence on survival and quality of life.
Feature Fusion based Parallel Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Image Annotation
Authors: Wang Mengke , Liu Yan , Liu Weifeng , Liu Baodi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Graph neural networks' application in automatic image annotation is becoming more mature. However, there are still several problems. First, the feature data of the original image obtained by the feature extraction algorithm, such as color features and gradient features, all have the problem of slight intra-class variance and significant inter-class variance. Second, merely utilize the graph convolution neural networks to construct samples or labeled graphs, limiting multimodality's fusion and expansion. This paper uses a parallel graph convolution network based on feature fusion (PGCF) for automatic image annotation. By fusing the sample features, the inherent defects of the features extracted by a single model are reduced, and the annotation performance under the condition of semi-supervised learning is improved. Experiments on three benchmark image annotation datasets show that this method is superior to the existing methods.
HIV-1 infection of human tonsils activates CD4+ T cell oxidative phosphorylation and myeloid NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Swartz Talia , Freeman Tracey , Zhao Connie , Schrode Nadine , Beaumont Kristin , Tweel Benjamin , Fortune Trinisia , Schroff Sanjana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to a chronic, incurable infection that causes immune activation, resulting in chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) despite virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms underlying this chronic inflammation are multifactorial, but significant literature supports the role of lymphoid structures as reservoirs for viral latency and centers of immune activation. A systematic analysis of the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes induced by HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue has not been conducted. Human tonsil explants from four distinct donors were infected with HIV-1 ex vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) was performed to evaluate the represented cell types and the impact of infection, including differential gene expression, and associated inflammatory signaling pathways. Most of the cells (80%) are lymphocytes with nearly equivalent representation from T (38%) and B (42%) lymphocytes. We also identify smaller populations of NK, epithelial, and myeloid cells. CD4+ T cells demonstrated the highest levels of HIV-1 transcript expression. Highly infected CD4+ T cells also exhibited increased expression of genes involved in the respiratory electron transport pathway. Cells in the myeloid compartment that expressed low levels of HIV-1 transcript demonstrated increased expression of genes involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, suggesting that these cells may play a “bystander” role in HIV-associated inflammatory pathogenesis. We propose a model in which HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells activate oxidative phosphorylation pathways, resulting in excess ATP efflux. Bystander myeloid cells may sense the resulting extracellular ATP, thereby triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory signaling pathways, and pyroptotic cell death. These observations support important mechanistic understanding to drive the development of therapeutic and care strategies to eradicate disease in PWH.