bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetically Controlled Mn Doping Effect on Composition Tuned CoMn Hydroxide Nanoflakes for Overall Water Splitting Application
Authors: Reddy Jeygeerthika , Duraivel Malarkodi , Senthil Karuppanan , Prabakar Kandasamy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe research on cobalt‐based bimetallic hydroxides has led to their emergence as an effective electrocatalyst for oxygen (OER) and hydrogen evolution processes (HER) to split water and replace state‐of‐the‐art efficient noble metals. It is imperative to conduct both the OER and HER in the same electrolyte, hence it is necessary to adjust the material‘s characteristics to be compatible for this application. Due to the Co3+ active site, Co(OH)2 is electrochemically oxidized to CoOOH and exhibits outstanding OER kinetics. The incorporation of Mn into the cobalt hydroxide matrix increases the surface area while balancing the ratio of *OH to *O radicals to increase electrocatalytic activity. The complementary effects of the two metal hydroxides (Co and Mn) reveal a fresh perspective on the next‐generation electrocatalyst. The OER and HER reactions are both optimized using an easy electrodeposition method. The best HER and OER as two‐electrode electrolyzers displayed a cell voltage of 1.69 V at 10 mA/cm2 in alkaline electrolyte. Interestingly, when the state of art material Pt deposited on nickel foam substrate used for HER and the best CoMn hydroxide used for OER exhibits a cell voltage of only 1.55 V to drive the current density of 10 mA/cm2.
Progress and challenges of prelithiation technology for lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Deng Zhe , Zhong Yun , Xu Mingkang , Li Sida , Liu Xueting , Zhou Yu , Huang Kai , Shen Yue , Huang Yunhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrelithiation technology is widely considered a feasible route to raise the energy density and elongate the cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries. The principle of prelithiation is to introduce extra active Li ions in the battery so that the lithium loss during the first charge and long‐term cycling can be compensated. Such an effect does not need to change the major electrode material or battery structure and is compatible with the majority of current lithium‐ion battery production lines. At this stage, various prelithiation methods have been reported, some of which are already in the pilot‐scale production stage. But there is still no definitive development roadmap for prelithiation. In this review, we first introduce the influence of prelithiation on electrochemical performance from a theoretical point of view and then compare the pros and cons of different prelithiation methods in different battery manufacturing stages. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development trends of prelithiation. We aim to build up a bridge between academic research and industrial application. Some engineering problems in the promotion of prelithiation technique are extensively discussed, including not only the implementation of prelithiation but also some collateral issues on battery designing and management.
Top advances of the year: Pediatric oncology
Authors: Pappo Alberto S. , Karol Seth E. , Bertrand Kelsey C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccelerated discovery and collaborative research continue to highlight the remarkable progress that has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cancers. This manuscript highlights important discoveries on how precision oncology is being incorporated into the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer at the national level to identify promising new therapies using a tumor‐agnostic approach. In addition, we have highlighted three articles that incorporate genomics and cell‐free DNA to better classify, monitor and incorporate risk‐based therapies for children with medulloblastoma. Finally, we highlighted the important role of monclonal antiobody therapy in the treatment of recurrent B‐cell leukemia and newly diagnosed high‐risk neuroblastoma.
Electrochemical Performance of High‐Valence Mo6+ and Low‐Valence Mn2+ Doped‐ Na3V2(PO4)3@C Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meghnani Dipika , Kumar Singh Shishir , Srivastava Nitin , Kumar Tiwari Rupesh , Mishra Raghvendra , Patel Anupam , Tiwari Anurag , Kumar Singh Rajendra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)‐Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is an attractive cathode for sodium‐ion batteries, which is still confronted with limited rate performance due to its low electronic conductivity. In this paper, a chemical strategy is adopted to partially replace V3+ of the NVP framework by low‐valence Mn2+ and high‐valence Mo6+ substitution. The crystal structure, sodium‐ion diffusion coefficient and electrochemical performance of Mn−Mo‐doped [Na3.94V0.98Mo0.02Mn(PO4)3@C] cathode were investigated. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the NASICON‐type structure and XPS analysis confirmed the oxidation state of Mn and Mo in doped NVP cathode. The Na ion diffusion processes were inferred from Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, which clearly show rapid Na‐ion diffusion in NASICON‐type cathode materials. The Mn−Mo‐substituted NVP shows smoother charge‐discharge profiles, improved rate performance (64.80 mAh/g at 1 C rate), better energy density (308.61 mWh/g) and superior Na‐ion kinetics than that of unsubstituted NVP@C cathode. Their enhanced performance is attributed to large interstitial volume mainly created by high valence Mo6+ and enhanced capacity is attributed to the low valence Mn2+ doping. These results demonstrate that Mn−Mo‐doped NVP cathode is strongly promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries.
A Reconfigurable Nanophotonic Heterostructure Engineered by a DNA Origami Switch
Authors: Ge Huan , Yang Donglei , Li Yimeng , Wei Yongji , Zhu Xinyuan , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Chuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDNA origami has been widely used to construct nanophotonic structures due to its unparallel capability in assembling photonic nanomaterials with nanometer precision. Nevertheless, the majority of fabricated fluorescence‐based nanophotonic systems so far operate in the ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) region, which are accompanied by limitations of shallow penetration and potential light damage. Herein, we constructed a reconfigurable nanophotonic heterostructure by integrating an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) and a gold nanorod (AuNR) on a DNA origami switch (DOS) template. With the unique anti‐Stokes luminescence of UCNP whose excitation wavelength is mostly located in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, the obtained reconfigurable nanophotonic system can be excited by 980 laser light and generates visible light emission. In our nanophotonic system, the DNA origami template serves as a switch to reversibly tune the optical properties of UCNP. The construction of this nanophotonic heterostructure expands the toolbox of DNA origami‐based nanophotonic systems that may hold great potential in optical biosensing and imaging.
α‐Pinene inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells through its proapoptotic activity by regulating the miR‐34a‐5p/Bcl‐2 signaling axis
Authors: Huang Xiaosu , Yan Pei , Ding Wenqing , Zhou Chang , Xu Qiuxiang , Li Ming , Ye Lianbao , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmong gynecological tumors, cervical cancer (CC) has the second‐highest prevalence and mortality rate. α‐Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound extracted from pine needles that carried promising anticancer properties. Nevertheless, its effect on CC and the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α‐Pinene on apoptosis in CC via in vitro assays of flow cytometry (FCW), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and Western blot. Following that, we detected the proapoptotic function of α‐Pinene on HeLa cells in vivo by TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining. Our results displayed that the α‐Pinene inhibited the growth of HeLa cells and stalled the cells in the G0/G1 phase. Interestingly, we also detected that α‐Pinene induced HeLa cells to apoptosis. The results investigated that α‐Pinene induced HeLa cells apoptosis along with up‐regulating the expression of Bax, Bid, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, miR‐34a‐5p, and down‐regulating the expression of Bcl‐2 in vitro. At the same time, the expression levels of target genes in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. Our experiment proved that α‐Pinene promoted apoptosis, which will be used to hopefully maximize the therapeutic strategies in clinical studies in CC.
Evapotranspiration in a subtropical wetland savanna using low‐cost lysimeter, eddy covariance and modelling approaches
Authors: Saha Amartya , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Li Haoyu , Sonniér Gregory , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , McMillan Nicholas , Zhang Xukai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) constitutes the largest loss of water from subtropical grassland and wetland ecosystems, yet data in much of the world have high uncertainty at the landscape scale as there is little information on plant water use. Additionally, anthropogenic alterations to grasslands are a major threat globally and alter ecosystem water use, but the impact of these changes is often unquantified. A major reason for this is the complexity and expense of field‐based ET quantification methods such as agricultural lysimeters and eddy covariance systems. Accurate measurements of ET are critical for sustainable water management. This study developed two different low‐cost lysimeters—weighing‐type and water level‐based, to measure ET under partly controlled conditions for single species as well as mixed grassland and wetland communities. Lysimeters were placed in an open‐sided, transparent‐roofed shadehouse and watered periodically. ET values were then compared with (i) actual ET from an eddy covariance tower onsite, (ii) vapour transport‐based reference ET models (FAO Penman–Monteith, modified Turc and Abtew simple radiation models), and (iii) reference ET data customized for vegetation types from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN). Both weighing‐type and water level lysimeters yielded seasonal patterns and annual magnitudes similar to other ET methods. Annual ET measurements from single‐species weighing‐type lysimeters (ranging from 881 to 1278 mm for four plant species, n = 5 per species, 20 in total) and water level lysimeters (1085 ± 306 mm, plant community average, n = 31) were about 10–20% lower than reference ET models (~1300 mm) and similar to FAWN data (1050 mm). Actual ET from eddy covariance was 722 mm for 10 months (missing data for February and March), while weighing lysimeter measurements for the dominant grass Paspalum notatum was 885 mm for the same 10 months. While rainfall exclusion and watering can result in ET differing from actual field conditions, low‐cost lysimeters can provide an independent measure of ET for comparison with regional ET models/remote sensing data lacking field validation. Thereby, low‐cost lysimeters are potentially useful for water resources and ecosystem management in data‐poor regions of the world.
IL‐3 regulates the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells
Authors: Rani Lekha , Kumar Anil , Karhade Juilee , Pandey Garima , Guha Adrita , Mishra Gyan C. , Wani Mohan R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIL‐17‐producing Th17 cells play an important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant immune activation due to an imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is associated with the development of RA and other autoimmune diseases. Targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and their associated molecules is emerging as a promising strategy to treat and reverse RA. Here, we demonstrate that IL‐3 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes the development of Treg cells in IL‐2‐dependent manner. In IL‐2 KO mice, we observed that IL‐3 has no effect on differentiation of both Th17 and Treg cells. In addition, IL‐3 decreases pathogenic IL‐17A+TNF‐α+, IL‐17A+IFN‐γ+ and IL‐23R+ Th17 cells, secretion of GM‐CSF and IFN‐γ, and osteoclastogenesis when presented in the culture together with Th17 polarizing cytokines. Mechanistically, IL‐3 regulates the development of Th17 cells through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL‐3 treatment significantly decreases the pathogenic Th17 cell responses and arthritic scores in the mouse model of RA. Importantly, IL‐3 inhibits the differentiation of human Th17 cells. Thus, our results suggest a novel therapeutic role of IL‐3 in the regulation of Th17 cell‐mediated pathophysiology of RA.
Termination of CD40L co‐stimulation promotes human B cell differentiation into antibody‐secreting cells
Authors: Marsman Casper , Verstegen Niels JM , Streutker Marij , Jorritsma Tineke , Boon Louis , ten Brinke Anja , van Ham S. Marieke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman naïve B cells are notoriously difficult to differentiate into antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro while maintaining sufficient cell numbers to evaluate the differentiation process. B cells require T follicular helper (TFH) cell‐derived signals like CD40L and IL‐21 during germinal center (GC) responses to undergo differentiation into ASCs. Cognate interactions between B and TFH cells are transient; after TFH contact, B cells cycle between GC light and dark zones where TFH contact is present and absent, respectively. Here, we elucidated that the efficacy of naïve B cells in ACS differentiation is dramatically enhanced by the release of CD40L stimulation. Multiparameter phospho‐flow and transcription factor (TF)‐flow cytometry revealed that termination of CD40L stimulation downmodulates NF‐κB and STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, the termination of CD40 signaling downmodulates C‐MYC, while promoting ASC TFs BLIMP1 and XBP‐1s. Reduced levels of C‐MYC in the differentiating B cells are later associated with crucial downmodulation of the B cell signature TF PAX5 specifically upon the termination of CD40 signaling, resulting in the differentiation of BLIMP1 high expressing cells into ASCs. The data presented here are the first steps to provide further insights how the transient nature of CD40 signaling is in fact needed for efficient human naïve B cell differentiation to ASCs.
Calix[4]arene‐Based Sensitizers for Host‐Guest Supramolecular Dyads for Solar Energy Conversion in Photoelectrochemical Cells.
Authors: Decavoli Cristina , Boldrini Chiara L. , Faroldi Federica , Baldini Laura , Sansone Francesco , Ranaudo Anna , Greco Claudio , Cosentino Ugo , Moro Giorgio , Manfredi Norberto , Abbotto Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe photogeneration of electricity and solar fuels by solar irradiation in photoelectrochemical cells is one of the sectors with the highest growth potential in the decarbonised society. However, the use of different components, in particular photosensitizers and catalysts, can present problems of charge transfer efficiency at the interface, leading to lower final efficiencies. In this work we present novel integrated photosensitizer‐catalyst dyads based on robust and, at the same time, flexible host‐guest non‐covalent interactions through the use of calix[4]arene cavities. Current photogeneration in photoelectrochemical cells showed twice greater efficiency in the integrated calixarene‐based host‐guest dyads compared to the traditional architecture based on the separate photosensitizer‐catalyst pair. Molecular dynamics studies have shown that the enhanced performance originates from an optimization of the distances between the centres of the photosensitizer, catalyst and semiconductor involved in the charge transfer processes, thus allowing a higher final efficiency of the charge photogeneration process.
Architecturally robust MoWS2 and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets hybrid for high‐performance energy storage and conversion applications
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Rout Chandra Sekhar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe quench for the unremitting energy demand can be gratified by finding various substitute renewable energy sources and consequently safekeeping of these energies by energy storage devices. A variety of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials are being explored for the application of water splitting and supercapacitor among which MoWS2 has gained its spot with potential tunable properties. Herein, the synthesis of MoWS2 and its nanocomposite with Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets is carried out by a simplistic hydrothermal method involving two steps. The structural and morphological characteristics were investigated through several characterization tools like powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The MXene sheets act as a template for the growth of MoWS2 (MWS) nanosheets and could exhibit extraordinary supercapacitive and electrocatalytic activity. The highest specific capacitance achieved by the pseudocapacitive MoWS2@MXene (MWSM) was 259 F/g @0.2 A/g. Then the above‐mentioned negative electrode was again taken for asymmetric studies where CoSe2@CNT@rGO was preferred as a positive site electrode and the asymmetric device showed a specific energy of 14 Wh/kg at a specific power of 8 KW/kg with an excellent cycling stability and coulombic efficiency of 93% and 96% which was measured for 6000 cycles. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) studies displayed that only 186 mV of overpotential was required to attain 10 mA/cm2 of current density. The electrocatalyst also achieved a small Tafel slope of 52 mV/dec along with exceptional stability upto 12 hours. High porosity, ample electrochemical active sites, rapid charge transfer kinetics and barrier‐free passage for ion transfer resulted in the enhanced electrochemical activity of MoWS2@MXene electrode/electrocatalyst.
Estimating Recycling of Fish in Catch-and-Release Fisheries
Authors: Jones Thomas S , Jones Matthew I , Treml Melissa , Heinrich Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of catch-and-release angling for many species has increased over the past several decades. A potential benefit of catch-and-release fisheries is higher catches for anglers due to multiple captures of individual fish within a season. We term the measure of this benefit “recycling rate,” defined as the total catch in a fishing season divided by the number of individuals caught at least once. Multiple-capture studies are common in the literature, but our recycling rate is a new metric that could be helpful in evaluating recreational fisheries. Estimates of recycling rate will be dependent on several factors, especially the distribution of angling selectivities among individual fish, which is generally unknown. We compared several models that estimated recycling rate based on different assumptions about angling selectivity. Application of the models to Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu data from Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota, demonstrated that estimates of recycling rate were robust to assumptions about the distribution of angling selectivity.
Understanding intraday momentum strategies
Authors: Rosa Carlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the out‐of‐sample performance of the intraday momentum strategy where the overnight return predicts the return of the last half‐hour of trading. The predictability disappears in the out‐of‐sample period. A Markov‐switching model endogenously identifies two distinct regimes and suggests that the predictability depends on the strength of the signal. Hence, assessing return predictability in calendar time may lead to false conclusions when anomalies feature time‐varying returns. The paper documents that understanding the return dynamics is important for an effective strategy implementation. A strategy with thresholds delivers higher returns than a strategy that is always active.
Alterations of voxel‐wise spontaneous activity and corresponding brain functional networks in multiple system atrophy patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Li Yingmei , Liu Hu , Yu Hongmei , Yang Huaguang , Guo Miaoran , Cao Chenghao , Pang Huize , Liu Yu , Cao Kaiqiang , Fan Guoguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence has indicated that cognitive impairment is an underrecognized feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is related to a high risk of dementia. However, the mechanism underlying MCI in MSA remains controversial. In this study, we conducted the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses to detect the characteristics of local neural activity and corresponding network alterations in MSA patients with MCI (MSA‐MCI). We enrolled 80 probable MSA patients classified as cognitively normal (MSA‐NC, n = 36) and MSA‐MCI (n = 44) and 40 healthy controls. Compared with MSA‐NC, MSA‐MCI exhibited decreased ALFF in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC) and increased ALFF in the right cerebellar lobule IX and lobule IV–V. In the secondary FC analyses, decreased FC in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) was observed when we set the RDLPFC as the seed region. Decreased FC in the bilateral cuneus, left precuneus, and left IPL and increased FC in the right middle temporal gyrus were shown when we set the right cerebellar lobule IX as the seed region. Furthermore, FC of DLPFC‐IPL and cerebello‐cerebral circuit, as well as ALFF alterations, were significantly correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in MSA patients. We also employed whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry analysis, but no gray matter atrophy was detected between the patient subgroups. Our findings indicate that altered spontaneous activity in the DLPFC and the cerebellum and disrupted DLPFC‐IPL, cerebello‐cerebral networks are possible biomarkers of early cognitive decline in MSA patients.
High‐temperature energy storage dielectric with inhibition of carrier injection/migration based on band structure regulation
Authors: Liu Guang , Lei Qingquan , Feng Yu , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Chen Qingguo , Chi Qingguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDielectric capacitors have a high power density, and are widely used in military and civilian life. The main problem lies in the serious deterioration of dielectric insulation performance at high temperatures. In this study, a polycarbonate (PC)‐based energy storage dielectric was designed with BN/SiO2 heterojunctions on its surface. Based on this structural design, a synergistic suppression of the carrier injection and transport was achieved, significantly improving the insulating properties of the polymer film. In particular, the composite film achieves optimal high‐temperature energy‐storage properties. The composite film can withstand an electric field intensity of 760 MV m−1 at 100°C and obtain an energy storage density of 8.32 J cm−3, while achieving a breakthrough energy storage performance even at 150°C (610 MV m−1, 5.22 J cm−3). Through adjustment of the heterojunction structure, free adjustment of the insulation performance of the material can be realized; this is of great significance for the optimization of the material properties.image
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A wolf in hepatocellular carcinoma's clothing
Authors: Nguyen Paul , Hui Samuel , Robertson Marcus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare malignancy that may mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) given its hepatoid histologic appearance and production of alpha fetoprotein. Clinical management and prognosis of HAC varies considerably from HCC. We present two cases of metastatic HAC in a cirrhotic liver diagnosed after biopsy and histopathological evaluation. The cases underscore the importance of recognizing the limitations of diagnostic imaging and pursuing a biopsy where there is diagnostic uncertainty.