bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Blood Donors for Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Tertiary Care Hospital of Faisalabad
Authors: Jahan Sarwat , Mushtaq Saira , Amir Ali Farah 
Published: February 2022

Background: Blood transfusion saves millions of lives worldwide each year and reduces morbidity but at the same time is a source for potentially life threatening transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). These TTIs are a threat to blood safety. Sensitive screening with advanced technologies reduces the risk of TTIs, but it still remains a major concern. Objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of various ABO blood groups and to screen the TTIs like Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among voluntary and replacement blood donors of Faisalabad.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad, from July 2018 to November 2018. After taking informed consent all replacement and voluntary blood donors were screened for HCV, HBV, HIV, syphilis and malaria.
Results: During 5 months of study period, total 1942 patients, of age ranged 18-40 years, were screened for TTIs. All blood donors were male; no female came to donate blood during this duration. Highest percentage of study population were blood group B (36.9%), followed by blood group O (28.1), A (22.2%), and AB (9.2%) respectively. Frequencies and percentages of Rhesus blood groups exhibited the predominance of positive rhesus groups in the study population. Out of total donors, 78 (4%) were infected with HCV, 30 (1.5%) with HBV, 10 (0.5%) with HIV, 19 (1 %) with syphilis and 3(0.20%) were seropositive for Malaria. Therefore, 140 (7.2 %) blood donors out of total were seropositive for various TTIs.
Conclusion: This study showed the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors. Highest percentage of blood donors suffered from HCV, followed by HBV, syphilis, HIV and malaria.
Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Analysis in Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore
Authors: Alavi Dr.Nusrat , Khawaja Dr Aneela , Asif Dr. Maliha , Ejaz Dr Asma , Abeer Dr , Arshad Faiqa 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Chemiluminescence immunoassay for thyroid stimulating hormone analysis in human serum.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study conducted from 17th March till 13th June. In Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore after approval from Institutional Review Board. Random samples from both genders, between 18-70 years of age were included. Haemolysed, lipemic or icteric specimens were excluded. The sera were assayed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.
Results: A total of one hundred and ninety-eight serum samples were processed by ELISA and CLIA in all the samples, with more females as compared to males (1:1.3). ELISA technique identified 134 subjects as Euthyroid, 40 Hypothyroid and 24 Hyperthyroid, while 122 Euthyroid, 48 hypothyroid and 28 hyperthyroid subjects by CLIA. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels reference range was taken 0.4-4.5mU/L according to American Thyroid Association. Mean ± SD of TSH was 1.45 ± 0.79; 12.27 ± 11.03 and 0.23 ± 0.17 mU/L respectively by ELISA whereas CLIA indicated Mean ± SD to be 1.93 ± 0.936, 16.04 ± 14.68 and 0.393 ± 0.375 mU/L respectively for Euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid. Correlation of coefficient (R2 =0.89) was found significantly positive between both methods. There was a significant difference in hypothyroid and Euthyroid groups.
Conclusion: TSH assay by CLIA has shown a wider range of functionality, throughout and borderline cases were identified better as compared to ELISA. Turn-around-time (TAT) decreased, physician satisfaction increased and indirectly benefitting patient treatment and prognosis.
Komunikimi publik në periudhën e karantinimit në Shqipëri si komunikim në krizë
Authors: Sakja Arta 
Published: February 2022

Ky punim trajton komunikimin dhe qasjet e liderëve politikë ndaj pandemisë përgjatë karantinimit të popullsisë për shkak të Covid-19 në Shqipëri në rrjetet sociale duke vëzhguar rrjetet sociale të Edi Rama, Kryeministër i Shqipërisë (PS), Lulzim Basha, kryetar i opozitës(PD.).Punimi përdor vëzhgimin e drejtpërdrejtë dhe analizat cilësore si metoda të punës. Në këtë punim argumentohet fakti së gjatë periudhës së karantinës liderët e ndryshëm politikë në Shqipëri përdorën cilësitë e internetit dhe rrjeteve sociale (komunikimin horizontal, karakterin e përbotshëm, shumëfishimin e menjëhershëm të audiencës, mundësinë për ndërveprim të menjëhershëm, të shpejtë dhe jo të kushtueshëm) për të shpërndarë mesazhet e tyre si edhe për të përforcuar pozicionet e tyre si përfaqësues të mazhorancës apo opozitës.Ky komunikim ka tiparet e komunikimit në krizë dhe vë përballë jo thjesht dy liderë, por dy qasje te ndryshme sipas roleve të aktorëve politikë në përballimin e krizës shëndetësore.
MUSEUM SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Raksapati Abadi 
Published: February 2022

Museum merupakan sebuah kata dari bahasa latin yang diadaptasi dari istilah mouseion yang berarti tempat duduk Muses atau secara filosofi berarti tempat untuk melakukan kontemplasi. Muses sendiri dalam mitologi Yunani merupakan dewi-dewi seni dan ilmu pengetahuan yang berjumlah sembilan. Dalam perkembangannya, museum memiliki pengertian sebagai lembaga nirlaba yang secara permanen ikut melayani dan membantu pembangunan masyarakat, terbuka untuk umum, yang mengambil alih, melestarikan, meneliti, mengomunikasikan, dan memamerkan warisan kemanusiaan dan lingkungan yang berwujud maupun tidak berwujud untuk tujuan pendidikan, pembelajaran, dan kesenangan.
Comparative Analysis of Bank Health Levels towards the Profitability of Sharia Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Chairunesia Wieta 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To analyze and compare the effect of bank health on profitability in Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Study design: The research method used is quantitative descriptive research.
Place and Duration of Study: The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study was conducted on Sharia Banks registered with the Indonesian Financial Services Authority and Sharia Banks listed on the Malaysia Stock Exchange with a research period of four years, from 2016-2019.
Methodology: The type of data obtained in this study is documentary data. The source of data used in this study is secondary data, namely data on audited financial statements of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia which were taken through the websites www.idx.co.id and www.bursamalaysia.com in 2016-2019. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS to see the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable, including the Descriptive Statistics Test and Multiple Regression Test.
Results: The results of this study indicate that in Islamic banks in Indonesia and Islamic banks in Malaysia there is no difference in the results of testing the effect of NPF on ROA, namely NPF is not significant in affecting profitability as proxied by ROA. However, the results of testing the effect of OER on ROA are different in the two samples. In the sample of Islamic banks in Indonesia, OER has a significant effect on ROA. While OER is not significant in influencing ROA in the sample of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Testing the effect of CAR on ROA also shows results that are not different between the samples of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Islamic banks in Malaysia, namely CAR has a significant effect on ROA. In terms of soundness level analysis, Islamic banks in Malaysia tend to be superior in the perspective of Risk Profile (NPF) and Earnings (OER), where most Islamic banks in Malaysia get the title of Very Healthy compared to Islamic banks in Indonesia. While in the perspective of Capital (CAR), both samples get the same predicate, namely Very Healthy.
Conclusion: The health level of Islamic banks in Malaysia is superior compared to the health level of Islamic bank in Indonesia.
Modelling the Effects of Mindfulness Based Stress on Breast Cancer Survival Rate among Women in Meru and Nyeri Counties, Kenya, Using Cox Proportional Hazard Model
Authors: Mutwiri M. N. , Muraya M. M. , Gitonga L. K. 
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women, affecting 34 women per every 100,000. This has led to high number of fatalities annually, which need to be mitigated. Establishing alternative conventional therapies such as working on mindfulness-based stress (MBS) may be a good alternative to improve prognosis and survival rate of breast cancer patients. However, there is little information on the effects of MBS factors on breast cancer survival. The objective of this study is to predict the effect of MBS factors on breast cancer survival rate among women in Meru and Nyeri Counties using Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Both primary data and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained using a structured questionnaire from the breast cancer survivors and the medical practioners, while secondary data was obtained from records at Meru teaching and referral hospital and Nyeri level five hospital for the period 2012 to 2017. The MBS variables included cost burden of treatment, stress on diagnosis, prolonged time taken to access treatment, poor diet, alcohol use, physical activity and lack of awareness. . This study used mixed method research design. Data obtained were analysed using R software. Kaplain-Meier estimators were used to estimate the varying effects of MBS factors on survival rate. Log-rank test was used to perform comparisons of survival curves on the patients’ survival rate considering age. The likelihood ratio test showed that MBS factors are significant in predicting hazard rates ( X2= 66.7, p = 0.0000119). Treatment period, lack of awareness, ease of coping with stress and observing the right diet were also found to significantly (p < 0.05) affect breast cancer survival rate. Access of treatment immediately after diagnosis, availing the right information to the patients, helping patients to cope easily with stress and observing the right diet were found to be the best estimators in increasing breast cancer survival rate. The study showed the importance of using model in predicting breast cancer survival rates, which can greatly improve breast cancer prognosis.
Analysing the Views of Turks and Arabs on Human Milk Banking
Authors: Ekiyor Aykut , Taş Merve Özzeybek 
Published: February 2022

Human milk is an important source of food for a new born baby to grow up in a healthy manner. World Health Organisation points to the importance of feeding on human milk and ranks it as the first source of nutrition.
This paper aims to analyse the views of Turkish and Saudi Arabian citizens’ views on human milk banking comparatively. The research sample was composed of 184 individuals who lived in Turkey and 385 individuals who lived in Riyadh- the capital of Saudi Arabia. The participants were given the survey form on human milk banking. Mann Whitney U test was used in comparing the differences of independent groups for two-class data whereas Kruskal Wallis H test was used for multi-class data and Hochberg GT2 test was used in finding which groups had the source of difference. It was concluded that there were no differences between Turks’ and Arabs’ views on human milk banking and that they both had negative attitudes towards milk brotherhood.
Generalized Estimators for Finite Population Variance Using Measurable and Affordable Auxiliary Character
Authors: Muhammad Isah , Zakari Yahaya , Audu Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a generalized exponential-type estimator for estimating the population variance using measurable and affordable auxiliary character in single phase sampling has been proposed. Some special cases of the proposed generalized estimator with a = 1 and a = 2 have also been discussed. The expressions for the mean square error and bias of the proposed generalized estimator have been derived. The efficiency of the proposed generalized estimator has been compared theoretically with the existing estimators and the conditions under which the proposed estimators are better than some existing estimators have also been given. Numerical examples with five real data sets to compute MSEs and PREs were conducted to ascertain the efficiency of the proposed estimators over others and the results showed that both of the proposed estimators were more efficient than the estimators considered in literature. Thus, the estimator with perform better than the estimator with a = 1.
Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Bitter Leaf Vegetables - Onugbu (Vernonia amygdalina): A Case Study of Farms in Nimo, Njikoka Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeke O. A. , Udemba N. N. , Udeh N. P. , Imakwu C. A. , Nwadike C.  C. , Nnatuanya I. O. , Elosiuba N. V. , Egwuagu C. C. , Afoemezie P. I. , Obudulu C. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Vegetables form a major component of the human diet; however, some agricultural practices may put consumers at risk of parasitic infections. There is high consumption of bitter leaf (Onugbu) in the rural part of Nigeria. They are eaten raw as medicinal herbs by some people. The culture of inadequate or poor washing of vegetables could pose significant and major health threats to the consumers. The aim of the study was to identify some of the parasites that may be attached to the locally consumed edible vegetable Vernonia amygdalina called Onugbu amongst Igbo speaking dialect in south eastern Nigeria.
Study Design: This study is a survey that evaluated the parasitic contamination of bitter leaf grown in selected farms in Nimo in Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.
Duration: The study lasted for six months.
Methodology: V. amygdalina leaf samples were bought directly from the farmers at 300 Naira per rap. The examination of sample was carried out using sedimentation method. Samples weighing 50g were gently washed in normal saline water. The water used in washing was filtered and centrifuged at 300g to concentrate the parasitic stages and also to avoid damages. The sediments obtained were transferred unto labelled clean slides and examined under the light microscope at x 40 objective lens.
Results: Parasites were detected in all samples collected from the farm. The commonest parasite was Entamoeba histolytica (cyst 45.5%); other parasites seen are Entamoeba coli (cyst 13.6%), B. coli (trophozoite 27.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (ova 9.1%) and Strongyloides stercolaris (larva 4. 6%).
Conclusion and Recommendations: The results provide evidence of contamination of bitter leaves from farms in Nimo in Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria with parasites of public health importance. To avoid infection, humans should wash the leaves of this vegetable with running water or salt and water before it is eating raw.
Effects of Mulching on Soil Water Content, Maize Performance and Weed Growth in Dry Land Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Ranu Mst. Sarmin , Ahamed Kamal Uddin , Islam Md. Shoriful , Ara Sumi Shamim 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The objectives of the research work were to evaluate the effects of mulching on soil water content, maize performance and weed growth in dry land area of Bangladesh
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications
Place and Duration of Study: Central research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during November 2019 to April 2020.
Methodology: The experimental field is divided into 3 blocks to represent 3 replications. There are 6 unit plots (each unit plot consists of 3m ´ 2m area) in the experimental farm. Distances of 1 m and 0.5 m are maintained between replication to replication and plots to plots, respectively. Plant to plant and row to row distances are considered to be 0.25 m and 0.75 m, respectively. The treatments are assigned in random plots. The land is ploughed four times followed by laddering to have fine tilth of the soil. The maize cultivars Shuvra and KS-510 are used as plant materials. Fig. 1 represents the six mulch treatments are imposed on the plants: Control (without mulch, CK), water hyacinth dry (10 t/ha, WH), rice straw dry (10 t/ha, RS), black polythene (4m ´ 3m, BP), white polythene (4m ´ 3m, WP), and transparent polythene (4m ´ 3m, TP) (S2). The mulches are applied as per treatment in each plot just after sowing to maintaining an equal thickness throughout the plot. Dried and cleaned mulches are used before applying to the experiment. The significance of the difference among the treatment means were estimated by the MSTAT-C package programme at 5% level of probability.
Results: It is found in the experimental results that the soil water content of the no-mulching treatment is lower as compared to that of the other treatments from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. It is also observed that the RS mulching provides the highest soil water content, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll contents, and total biomass. Significant enhancement of maize yield (20.55 ton/ha) is recorded for the rice straw mulching. In contrast, the weed dry weight of 7.45g/m2 is observed in the RS mulching, which is lower than the other treatments.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the RS mulching, compared to other mulching, would be more efficient for maximum utilization of limited water resources, weed suppression as well as to increase the maize yield. The present research approach would be applicable to manage the soil water for enhancing the maize production in dry land area.
The Effects MTHFR Gene Mutations on Vitamin B12 Concentration in the Blood; Bioinformatics Approach – A Review
Authors: Darwish Hassan Sadek , Khan Sara Maram , Badshah Jamal , Hussein Jomana , Almshlib Shahad , Abdelkarim Wasan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The protein encoded by MTHFR gene catalyzes the conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Genetic variation in this gene influences susceptibility to occlusive vascular disease; neural tube defects, colon cancer and acute leukemia. Also, mutations in this gene are associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.
Methods: NCBI bioinformatics database application was used to search for MTHFR gene. Protein sequences were converted into DNA and mRNA. Protein sequences were analysed into DNA and mRNA. It includes information about the accession number, the number of amino acids in the protein product, the number of exons and the length of nucleotide. Also, nucleotide sequences and mRNA were included in FASTA format. Additionally, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was used to compare the sequences of this gene in humans with other organisms like mouse.
Results: Human MTHFR gene can be studied through [Pan Troglodytes (chimpanzee)]. Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to several health problems including cardiovascular disease, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and pregnancy complications.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between MTHFR gene and vitamin B12 levels. Mutation in MTHFR gene has negatively impact vitamin B12 levels and methylation pathway, which affects the conversion process of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, several health complications are caused by the observed increases in the levels of homocysteine.
Incidence of POUR in Patients Having Undergone Elective Spinal Surgery
Authors: Kashyap Milind , Balasubramaniam Navin 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To determine the incidence of POUR (post operative urine retention) in patients that have undergone elective spinal surgeries.
Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics and was done by reviewing the post operative records of 150 patients that had undergone elective spinal surgery in the past 8 months and prospectively checked for POUR afterward.
Results: The end results show that out of the total number of patients studied, which is 148, (excluding 2 according to the exclusion criteria), 14 developed POUR at the end of the 8-month study while 134 remained unaffected, making the total incidence to be 9.4% for this study.
The Pattern of using Oral Rehydration Salts in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Fouda Dina I. , Foudah Ahmed I. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the pattern of using oral rehydration salts in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at outpatient department in Al-kharj. The study included all of the patients who received oral rehydration salts in the outpatient pharmacy between January and July 2018.
Results: From January/2018 to June/2018, 416 patients received oral rehydration salts (oral rehydration solution) from the outpatient pharmacy of the hospital. More than half of the patients who received oral rehydration salt were males (59.62%). Most of the patients were less than 10 years old (71.15%). Most of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (99.28%) and most of the physicians who prescribed oral rehydration salts were residents (99.28%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that oral rehydration salts were commonly used in Al-kharj. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency of using oral rehydration salts in different settings.
Evaluation and Correlation of Pulpal Calcification in the Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Vidarbha Region, India
Authors: Loya Parul , Nikhade Pradnya 
Published: February 2022

Background: The dental pulp is soft tissue enclosed in the hard tissues of teeth. Calcification occurring in the body affects the dental pulp too. Pulp undergoes calcification as whole or in discrete masses known as denticles or pulp stones. Pulp stones are nodular, calcified masses seen more frequently in coronal pulp than radicular pulp. Pulp stones can vary from small structures embedded in pulp tissue to large masses.
Aim: To evaluate and correlate the pulpal calcification with cardiovascular diseases in the patients using radiograph in Vidarbha region.
Objectives:

To evaluate the presence of pulpal calcification in the patients with cardiovascular disease using Ortho-pantomogram images.
To co-relate the radiological findings with the cardiovascular disorders.

Methodology: The present study comprises of 30 patients out of whom 15 patients will be in test group and 15 patients in control group. The test group will consist of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and control group will consist of healthy patients with no significant medical history. Ortho-pantomogram will be taken of each participant and the anterior and posterior teeth will be assessed for any pulp calcification and obliteration of pulp chamber and root canals.
Expected Results: Positive correlation is expected between pulp calcification and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion: Positive correlation can be found between the occurrence of pulpal calcifications and cardiovascular disease. Hence the occurrence of pulpal calcifications can be used to predict the future chances of cardiovascular diseases in the otherwise normal person. Early detection of pulp calcification can be used as a tool to predict the disease and will help in taking possible steps to avoid the future episodes of heart diseases.