bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of drought conditions and their impacts in a headwater stream in the Central European lower mountain ranges
Authors: Kaule Lisa , Frei Sven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeadwaters represent a significant fraction of the global stream length and are important for streamflow quality and quantity. Since climate change is predicted to affect runoff generation processes fundamentally, it is essential to understand potential consequences for the water availability in headwater catchments. The Lehstenbach catchment, located in the Fichtel Mountains (Germany), represents many headwater catchments in the lower mountain ranges in Central Europe. This study’s primary objective is to predict and analyze potential shifts in the catchment’s water balance, estimate periods of hydrological drought conditions, and their characteristics. For this purpose, we used an integrated process-based hydrological model to represent surface/groundwater interactions and runoff generation mechanisms for the Lehstenbach catchment until 2100, using a Regional Climate Model Ensemble. The simulations indicate decreased water availability in summer and autumn, mainly due to increased evapotranspiration rates. The Minimum Environmental Flow (MEF), a quantitative measure of aquatic species’ exposition to abnormally low streamflow conditions, implies an increase of low flow conditions towards 2100. A first estimate indicates a possible increase of hydrological drought duration and intensity in the future. These findings suggest severe impacts on ecosystem health and services, such as decreasing water availability, leading to consequences like forest and wetland degradation and declining biodiversity. These findings can be used to implement suitable mitigation strategies to reduce climate change effects on the headwater ecosystems, such as water shortage for irrigation and drinking water supply and loss of flora and fauna.
Modelling time-varying covariates effect on survival via functional data analysis: application to the MRC BO06 trial in osteosarcoma
Authors: Spreafico Marta , Ieva Francesca , Fiocco Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTime-varying covariates are of great interest in clinical research since they represent dynamic patterns which reflect disease progression. In cancer studies biomarkers values change as functions of time and chemotherapy treatment is modified by delaying a course or reducing the dose intensity, according to patient’s toxicity levels. In this work, a Functional covariate Cox Model (FunCM) to study the association between time-varying processes and a time-to-event outcome is proposed. FunCM first exploits functional data analysis techniques to represent time-varying processes in terms of functional data. Then, information related to the evolution of the functions over time is incorporated into functional regression models for survival data through functional principal component analysis. FunCM is compared to a standard time-varying covariate Cox model, commonly used despite its limiting assumptions that covariate values are constant in time and measured without errors. Data from MRC BO06/EORTC 80931 randomised controlled trial for treatment of osteosarcoma are analysed. Time-varying covariates related to alkaline phosphatase levels, white blood cell counts and chemotherapy dose during treatment are investigated. The proposed method allows to detect differences between patients with different biomarkers and treatment evolutions, and to include this information in the survival model. These aspects are seldom addressed in the literature and could provide new insights into the clinical research.
Shedding Light on Treatment Options for Coronary Vasomotor Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marchini Federico , Pompei Graziella , D’Aniello Emanuele , Marrone Andrea , Caglioni Serena , Biscaglia Simone , Campo Gianluca , Tebaldi Matteo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Coronary vasomotor dysfunction embraces two specific clinical entities: coronary (micro)vascular spasm and microvascular dysfunction. The clinical manifestations of these entities are respectively called vasospastic angina (VSA) and microvascular angina (MVA). Over the years, these diseases have become more and more prominent and several studies aimed to investigate the best diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Patients with coronary vasomotor disorders are often undertreated due to the absence of evidence-based guidelines. The purpose of this overview is to illustrate the various therapeutic options available for the optimized management of these patients.

Methods
A Medline search of full-text articles published in English from 1980 to April 2022 was performed. The main analyzed aspects of vasomotor disorders were treatment options. We also performed research on “Clinicaltrial.gov” for ongoing trials.

Conclusion
Coronary (micro)vascular spasm and microvascular dysfunction are clinical entities characterized by high prevalence and clinical representation. Several therapeutic strategies, both innovative and established, are available to optimize treatment and improve the quality of life of these patients.
Manufacturing heat-damaged papers as model materials for evaluating conservation methods
Authors: Völkel Laura , Rusakov Dmitrii , Kontturi Eero , Beaumont Marco , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDirect fire, indirect heat, and extinguishing water cause great damage to cultural assets upon a fire disaster in a library or archive. Conservation and restoration of heat-damaged papers are particularly challenging due to the complexity and severity of the damage. Since valuable originals obviously cannot be used for the development of treatment methods and only to a limited extent for the analysis of the damage, it is necessary to produce model paper materials that have a high degree of similarity to fire-damaged papers, which was addressed in the present study. Three different heating methods were tested to produce model papers of different heating levels. Their altered optical, structural, and chemical properties were analyzed and compared with the results of original fire-damaged samples. The study points out pathways to enable the production of comparable sample materials. Heating between hot plates or in an oven produces papers that have properties quite similar to the originals in terms of surface area, paper structure, cellulose integrity, and interactions with water. Stack heating in the oven has proven to be a particularly effective manufacturing method for larger quantities of model papers.
Aerodynamics of ancient egyptian Obelisks and their structural response to Boundary Layer wind
Authors: ElDegwy Ahmed , Elsayed Ashraf , Darwish Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAncient Egyptian obelisks have been carved thousands of years ago and survived many earthquakes and wind storms. This study examines the aerodynamic characteristics and the response of two of the tallest and slenderest ancient Egyptian obelisks to boundary layer winds using a two-phase methodology. The firstphase involved preparing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for the twoobelisks with different angles of projection to wind. The variations in the windpressure coefficient and the forces on the obelisks have been studied for differentprojection angles, different reference velocities and along the height of eachobelisk. Within the second phase structural analysis was performed subjecting eachobelisk to a wind load under different angles of loading. The results show that whensubject to boundary layer winds, the pressure coefficient on the surface and thestresses within the obelisks vary significantly with the angle of attack and dimensions of the obelisk.
Analysis and/or Interpretation in Neurophysiology? A Transatlantic Discussion Between F. J. J. Buytendijk and K. S. Lashley, 1929–1932
Authors: Gruevska Julia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the interwar period, biologists employed a diverse set of holistic approaches that were connected to different research methodologies. Against this background, this article explores attempts in the 1920s and 1930s to negotiate quantitative and qualitative methods in the field of neurophysiology. It focuses on the work of two scientists on different sides of the Atlantic: the Dutch animal psychologist and physiologist Frederik J.J. Buytendijk and the American neuropsychologist Karl S. Lashley, specifically analyzing their critical correspondence, 1929–1932, on the problems surrounding the termintelligence.It discusses the inexplicable anomalies in neurophysiology as well as the reliability of quantitative and qualitative methods. While in his laboratory work Lashley adhered to a strictly analytic approach, Buytendijk tried to combine quantitative methods with phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches. The starting point of their discussion is Lashley’s monograph onBrain Mechanisms and Intelligence(1929) and the rat experiments discussed therein. Buytendijk questioned the viability of the maze-learning method and the use of statistics to test intelligence in animals; he reproduced Lashley’s experiments and then confronted Lashley with his critical findings. In addition to elucidating this exchange, this paper will, more generally, shed light on the nature of the disagreements and shared assumptions prevalent among interwar neurophysiologists. In turn, it contributes to historiographical debates on localization and functionalism and the discrepancy between analytic (quantitative) and interpretative (qualitative) approaches.
Nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite/lithium oxide and graphene oxide nanosheets for medical applications
Authors: Afifi M. , El-Naggar Mehrez E. , Muhammad Shabbir , Alghamdi Noweir Ahmad , Wageh S. , Salem Salem R. , Alhashmialameer Dalal , Taleb Manal Abou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal-based bioceramics are developed to imitate the natural bones to be used as bone substitutes. Different nanocomposites are synthesized using hydroxyapatite (HAP), Li2O and GO to fabricate HAP, Li2O, HAP/Li2O, HAP/GO and HAP/Li2O/GO. XRD shows the change in crystal structure upon adding the three nanocomposites to each other. Besides, FTIR and XPS explain the functional groups of the compositions and analyze their surface composition. The TEM explains the morphological changes for particles dimensions of HAP/Li2O/GO showing a length of 20 nm for HAP and a size of 6 nm for Li2O sphere. In addition, SEM graphs explained the enhancement of HAP/Li2O/GO porosity showing a particle size of 0.3–0.4 µm and length of 0.8 µm. Further, roughness parameters are improved upon adding HAP and Li2O to GO, showing a roughness average value of 57.80 nm. Moreover, the cell viability of HAP/Li2O/GO is examined and shows a maximum value of 97.4 ± 1.2%. In addition, the antibacterial activity exhibited by HAP/Li2O/GO against (Escherichia coli = E. coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus = S. aureus) showed an inhibition zone of 13.4 ± 1.2 mm 12.3 ± 1.3 mm. Adding HAP presents an improvement in surface roughness as well as cell viability and antibacterial activity. Besides, the microhardness has been improved from 2.6 ± 0.1 GPa to 3.1 ± 0.2 for pure HAP and HAP/Li2O/GO, respectively. Therefore, combining HAP, GO and Li2O results in a nanocomposite of enhanced biocompatibility and can be suggested for bone biomedical applications.
Open Science Practices in Gambling Research Publications (2016–2019): A Scoping Review
Authors: Louderback Eric R. , Gainsbury Sally M. , Heirene Robert M. , Amichia Karen , Grossman Alessandra , Bernhard Bo J. , LaPlante Debi A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe replication crisis has stimulated researchers around the world to adopt open science research practices intended to reduce publication bias and improve research quality. Open science practices include study pre-registration, open data, open access, and avoiding methods that can lead to publication bias and low replication rates. Although gambling studies uses similar research methods as behavioral research fields that have struggled with replication, we know little about the uptake of open science research practices in gambling-focused research. We conducted a scoping review of 500 recent (1/1/2016–12/1/2019) studies focused on gambling and problem gambling to examine the use of open science and transparent research practices. Our results showed that a small percentage of studies used most practices: whereas 54.6% (95% CI: [50.2, 58.9]) of studies used at least one of nine open science practices, each practice’s prevalence was: 1.6% for pre-registration (95% CI: [0.8, 3.1]), 3.2% for open data (95% CI: [2.0, 5.1]), 0% for open notebook, 35.2% for open access (95% CI: [31.1, 39.5]), 7.8% for open materials (95% CI: [5.8, 10.5]), 1.4% for open code (95% CI: [0.7, 2.9]), and 15.0% for preprint posting (95% CI: [12.1, 18.4]). In all, 6.4% (95% CI: [4.6, 8.9]) of the studies included a power analysis and 2.4% (95% CI: [1.4, 4.2]) were replication studies. Exploratory analyses showed that studies that used any open science practice, and open access in particular, had higher citation counts. We suggest several practical ways to enhance the uptake of open science principles and practices both within gambling studies and in science more generally.
Magnetothermal Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in R3Co11B4
Authors: Abu Elnasr Raghda , Aly Samy H. , Yehia Sherif , Mohammad Fatema Z. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a study on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in R3Co11B4, where R = Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, and Ho. The two-sublattice model is used for calculating magnetization, magnetic heat capacity, isothermal entropy change ∆Sm, and adiabatic temperature change ∆Tad, for different magnetic field changes ∆H = 1.5, 3, and 5 T and at temperatures up to 600 K. Direct and inverse MCE are shown to take place in the ferrimagnetic compounds with R = Tb, Dy, and Ho. The maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change and maximum adiabatic temperature change have been calculated for ferromagnetic Nd3Co11B4 compound to be 1.85 J/K mol and 6.5 K at Tc = 432 K, for a field change ∆H = 5 T. The relative cooling power (RCP) is in the 44–161 J/mol range for the same field change. Also, the type of phase transition is investigated in the light of Arrott plots, universal curves, and the features of the temperature and field dependences of the magnetization, heat capacity, entropy, and the magnetocaloric properties. Those features confirm that the transition at the Curie temperature of these compounds is of the second order.
Self-steepening, Raman scattering and self-phase modulation-interactions via the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation with an extra dispersion. Modulation insability and spectral analysis
Authors: Abdel-Gawad H. I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is worth mentioning that the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation (PCLLE) exhibits the effects of self-steepening (SS), Raman scattering (RS) and self-phase modulation (SPM). Our attention is focused, here, to inspect the challenge between these phenomena may lead to a dominant one among them. On the other hand, we investigate the dominant phenomena produced due to these interactions. Furthermore, the structure of the configuration of pulses propagation in optical fibers are depicted. These phenomena are illustrated, here, via studying the PCLLE with an extra dispersion. This equation is formulated and the exact solutions of this new equation are found by using the unified method (UM). The importance of the UM stems from the fact that, in the applications, we have found that the UM is of low time cost in symbolic computation. So, we think that it prevails the known methods in the literature. On the other hand, the solutions for the complex envelope field equations, found in the literature, are always considered with real wave amplitude. Here, a transformation based on using complex wave amplitude is introduced. Indeed, in this case, solutions describe the waves that result from soliton- periodic wave collision, which may reveal novel phenomena. The solutions obtained are evaluated numerically and represented in graphs. It is shown that pulses compression occurs which may be due to self-phase modulation. Also, dispersive shock wave can be produced which may be argued to the presence of the extra dispersion and self-sdteepening. It is worthy to mention that, self-steepening arises for a small value of the related coefficient. The results obtained, here, are novel. The modulation instability is analyzed and it is found that it triggers at a critical values of SS and RS coefficients. At this stage, shock wave may occur. It is observed that the spectrum shows soliton with periodic waves background.
Hypolipidemic Effects of Soy Protein and Isoflavones in the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease- A Review
Authors: Xiao Chao-Wu , Hendry Amy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and affects about 25% of the population globally. Obesity and diabetes are the main causes of the disease characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver. There is currently no direct pharmacological treatments for NAFLD. Dietary intervention and lifestyle modification are the key strategies in the prevention and treatment of the disease. Soy consumption is associated with many health benefits such as decreased incidence of coronary heart disease, type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and obesity. The hypolipidemic functions of soy components have been shown in both animal studies and human clinical trials. Dietary soy proteins and associated isoflavones suppressed the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and improved NAFLD-associated metabolic syndrome. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying the effects of soy components are mainly through modulation of transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2, and expressions of their target genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis as well as lipid droplet-promoting protein, fat-specific protein-27. Inclusion of appropriate amounts of soy protein and isoflavones in the diets might be a useful approach to decrease the prevalence of NAFLD and mitigate disease burden.
Catalytic conversion of glucose to methyl levulinate over metal-modified Beta zeolites
Authors: Aho Atte , Kumar Narendra , Eränen Kari , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Salmi Tapio , Peurla Markus , Angervo Ilari , Hietala Jukka , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethyl levulinate was selectively formed from glucose and methanol over a copper modified Beta zeolite bifunctional catalyst at 180 °C under argon atmosphere. The selectivity to methyl levulinate substantially exceeded previously reported in the open literature results. The copper modification was done through an ion-exchange method using a solution of copper nitrate, followed by drying and calcination of the catalyst. Copper modification changed the distribution of acid sites namely, less Brønsted and more Lewis sites were observed with FTIR using pyridine adsorption. Application of the proton form H-Beta-25 gave the methyl levulinate yield of ca. 89%, which could be elevated with the addition of copper, as the apparent selectivity exceeds 99%, assuming that methyl glucosides are eventually transformed to methyl levulinate. The non-acidic Cu/SiO2 catalyst was completely inactive in methyl levulinate formation. Metal modification of Beta zeolite with Sn and Zn did not perform as well as Cu in the formation of methyl levulinate during glucose transformation.
Use of Non-selective Beta blockers in Decompensated Cirrhosis and ACLF
Authors: Gananandan Kohilan , Mookerjee Raj , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Our understanding of beta blockers in liver cirrhosis has transformed over the last 40 years. However, questions remain over their safety in acute decompensation and acute on chronic liver failure. Since these conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, a critical appraisal of recent literature is imperative to help guide clinicians.

Recent Findings
The latest BAVENO guidelines now recommend carvedilol in all patients with clinically significant portal hypertension to prevent decompensation. There is significant data which shows safety of beta blocker use in decompensated cirrhosis but concerns remain in refractory ascites. There is also a short-term mortality benefit demonstrated in acute on chronic liver failure.

Summary
With the latest guidelines and recent evidence, it seems beta blocker use will continue to increase. Future studies should aim to identify biomarkers that can determine who will benefit from beta blockers and help guide therapy.
A network analysis of the Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-SF): A large-scale cross-cultural study in Iran, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
Authors: Li Li , Mamun Mohammed A. , Al-Mamun Firoj , Ullah Irfan , Hosen Ismail , Zia Syed Ahsan , Poorebrahim Ali , Pourgholami Morteza , Lin Chung-Ying , Pontes Halley M. , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-SF) is a validated instrument assessing internet disorder which modified the internet gaming disorder criteria proposed in the fifth edition of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5). However, the relationships between the nine items in the IDS9-SF are rarely investigated. The present study used network analysis to investigate the features of the IDS9-SF among three populations in Bangladesh, Iran, and Pakistan. Data were collected (N = 1901; 957 [50.3%] females; 666 [35.0%] Pakistani, 533 [28.1%] Bangladesh, and 702 [36.9%] Iranians) using an online survey platform (e.g.,Google Forms). All the participants completed the IDS9-SF. The central-stability-coefficients of the nine IDS9-SF items were 0.71, 0.89, 0.96, 0.98, 0.98, 1.00, 0.67, 0.79, and 0.91, respectively. The node centrality was stable and interpretable in the network. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed that the network structure had no significant differences among Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Iranian participants (p-values = 0.172 to 0.371). Researchers may also use the IDS9-SF to estimate underlying internet addiction for their target participants and further explore and investigate the phenomenon related to internet addiction.
Transkriptomik über Artgrenzen hinweg
Authors: Westermann Alexander J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRNA sequencing has become a key technology to study microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions and improved our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and physiological consequences. Here, focusing on our gut, I illustrate how metatranscriptomics and Dual RNA-seq approaches provide functional insights into increasingly complex cellular interactions and outline future directions in the field of “cross-species” transcriptomics.
Transkriptionskontrolle über bakterielle Membranen
Authors: Braun Volkmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacteria adjust to a large variety of surroundings by regulating the expression of the appropriate genes. They respond to soluble compounds, compounds attached to surfaces, osmotic pressure, or temperature. The way they react to signals elicited from the surrounding without entering the cells is of particular interest because this involves signal recognition on the cell surface or in the periplasm followed by long range signal transmission into the cytoplasm where gene control takes place.
Signalschalter an der mitochondrialen Importmaschinerie
Authors: Meisinger Chris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mitochondrial protein import machineries were anticipated to be constitutively active entities enabling continuous protein influx. However, recent studies revealed that the main protein entry gate at the outer membrane, the TOM complex, is targeted by several cytosolic signalling cascades and that activated protein kinases can directly modulate biogenesis, assembly and function of the import machinery. This enables a dynamic adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome to changing cellular demands.