bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable Anti‐Inflammatory Supramolecular Nanofiber Hydrogel to Promote Anti‐VEGF Therapy in Age‐Related Macular Degeneration Treatment
Authors: Gao Huiqin , Chen Muchao , Liu Yan , Zhang Dandan , Shen Jingjing , Ni Ni , Tang Zhimin , Ju Yahan , Dai Xiaochan , Zhuang Ai , Wang Zhaoyang , Chen Qian , Fan Xianqun , Liu Zhuang , Gu Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and severe vision loss worldwide, while the currently available treatments are often unsatisfactory. Previous studies have demonstrated both inflammation and oxidative‐stress‐induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of aberrant development of blood vessels in wet AMD (wet‐AMD). Although antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (e.g., Ranibizumab) can impair the growth of new blood vessels, side effects are still found with repeated monthly intravitreal injections. Here, an injectable antibody‐loaded supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel is fabricated by simply mixing betamethasone phosphate (BetP), a clinic anti‐inflammatory drug, anti‐VEGF, the gold‐standard anti‐VEGF drug for AMD treatment, with CaCl2. Upon intravitreal injection, such BetP‐based hydrogel (BetP‐Gel), while enabling long‐term sustained release of anti‐VEGF to inhibit vascular proliferation in the retina and attenuate choroidal neovascularization, can also scavenge reactive oxygen species to reduce local inflammation. Remarkably, such BetP‐Gel can dramatically prolong the effective treatment time of conventional anti‐VEGF therapy. Notably, anti‐VEGF‐loaded supramolecular hydrogel based on all clinically approved agents may be readily translated into clinical use for AMD treatment, with the potential to replace the current anti‐VEGF therapy.
Nanoheterojunction‐Mediated Thermoelectric Strategy for Cancer Surgical Adjuvant Treatment and β‐Elemene Combination Therapy
Authors: Ji Xiaoyuan , Tang Zhongmin , Liu Haijun , Kang Yong , Chen Liqun , Dong Jinrui , Chen Wei , Kong Na , Tao Wei , Xie Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs an indispensable strategy for tumor treatment, surgery may cause two major challenges: tumor recurrence and wound infection. Here, a thermoelectric therapeutic strategy is provided as either an independent cancer therapy or surgical adjuvant treatment. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) and Bi2Te2.8Se0.2 (BTS) nanoplates composed of Z‐scheme thermoelectric heterojunction (BST/BTS) are fabricated via a two‐step hydrothermal processes. The contact between BST and BTS constructs an interfacial electric field due to Fermi energy level rearrangement, guiding electrons in the conductive band (CB) of BTS combine with the holes in the valance band (VB) of BST, leaving stronger reduction/oxidation potentials of electrons and holes in the CB of BST and the VB of BTS. Moreover, under a mild temperature gradient, another self‐built‐in electric field is formed facilitating the migration of electrons and holes to their surfaces. Based on the PEGylated BST/BTS heterojunction, a novel thermoelectric therapy platform is developed through intravenous injection of BST/BTS and external cooling of the tumors. This thermoelectric strategy is also proved effective for combination cancer therapy with β‐elemene. Moreover, the combination of heterojunction and hydrogel is administrated on the wound after surgery, achieving efficient residual tumor treatment and antibacterial effects.
A Universal Tandem Device of DC‐Driven Electrochromism and AC‐Driven Electroluminescence for Multi‐Functional Smart Windows
Authors: Cai Yulu , Yang Biao , Ji Junpeng , Sun Fuchang , Zhao Yiqian , Yu Lirong , Zhao Changbin , Liu Manyu , Liu Mingqiang , He Yaowu , Zhang Chaohong , Meng Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the development of modern technology, the functions of smart windows are expected to be more abundant apart from reducing energy consumption. A viable and popular solution is to develop a versatile product. Here a multi‐functional tandem device enabled by ionic gels to form a smart glass that can be applied in manifold scenarios, is reported. The ionic gels successfully fulfill the multiple tasks of simultaneously being electrolytes, ion storage medium, as well as transparent electrodes, and help heighten the overall transparency of the devices. The novel tandem configuration simply consists of five stacking functional layers and is universal for DC‐driven electrochromic and AC‐driven electroluminescent sub‐devices. The newly‐developed devices demonstrate magnificent characteristics of high and tunable transparency (0–77%), selective infrared shielding ability, diversified displaying and decoration, excellent stability (3000 cycles), and even flexibility. Multifarious application scenarios of the structure in diversified device forms are proposed and presented. The proposed device architecture provides a facile methodology to fabricate functional devices and will provoke infinite novel ideas for developing the next‐generation smart windows.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of N‐Tosylhydrazones with ortho‐Bromophenethyl Tosylamides
Authors: Zhang Jieming , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Wu Qi , Zhang Junliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) via cyclization of ortho‐bromophenethyl tosylamides with aryl N‐tosylhydrazones in the presence of base was developed. The reaction is believed to proceed via the oxidative addition of palladium with ortho‐bromophenethyl tosylamides, followed by carbene insertion and cyclization. The carbene species were generated in‐situ from the aryl N‐tosylhydrazones and KOtBu.magnified image
Bioinspired Multifunctional E‐skin for Robot Dynamic Tactile Real‐Time Feedback Systems Using Triboelectric Sensors and Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Wang Feng‐xia , Fang Ping , Wang Ming‐jiong , Liu Hui‐cong , Lu Wen‐xiao , Chen Tao , Sun Li‐ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDesigning efficient robot dynamic tactile feedback systems remains a great challenge, especially in disaster relief and human‐computer interaction, because they need to provide timely tactile and visual data. Herein, a novel bioinspired electronic skin (e‐skin) is proposed based on self‐powered triboelectric sensor (TES) arrays and electrochromic device (ECD) arrays. Single‐electrode TES arrays (TESA) are used to detect pressure distribution at the different positions of the robot. The ECD arrays (ECDs) are used as the real‐time visualization window to provide feedback on the pressure distribution by the change in the color of the e‐skin. The bioinspired e‐skin arrayed system possesses a similar capability to Chameleon, displaying the pressure information on the contact surface between the robot and object in real‐time via interactive color‐changing capabilities, such as the location, degree, and distribution. Moreover, the proposed e‐skin can be used as a feedback system for large‐scale curved robot surfaces due to its flexibility, large‐scale process, and excellent compatibility. Thus, the novel design, large‐scale process, and self‐powered advantages make it a good candidate to pave the way for developing human‐robot interactions as robot dynamic tactile real‐time feedback systems.
Vegetation dynamics in nitrogen‐fertilized versus mixed legume‐smooth bromegrass pastures interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass
Authors: Guretzky John A. , Hillhouse Heidi , MacDonald James C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterseeding annual warm‐season grasses may increase forage and pasture productivity. From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a grazing experiment that examined smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pasture responses to interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan]. The experiment had a split‐plot design with six main plots each containing two, 0.60‐ha pasture subplots (i.e., 12 total subplots). The six main plots included three replications each of two pasture types: (A) nitrogen (N)‐fertilized smooth bromegrass (FERT) and (B) mixed legume‐smooth bromegrass [LEG; alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)]. The subplots included sorghum‐sudangrass interseeded and unseeded control treatments. Each pasture subplot, which supported two steers (Bos taurus) from spring through summer, contained six, 0.10‐ha sub‐subplots for rotational stocking. Sorghum‐sudangrass was interseeded after stocking cycle 2 in two of the sub‐subplots in the interseeded subplot each year. Vegetation responses were evaluated in these sub‐subplots and in two adjacent sub‐subplots in the unseeded control subplot. Across years, sampling dates, and subplot treatments, the LEG main plots supported 7% greater forage biomass (2743 ± 102 kg ha−1) and six more grazing days than the FERT main plots (2552 ± 111 kg ha−1). Sorghum‐sudangrass interseeded sub‐subplots, however, had 36% greater forage biomass than unseeded sub‐subplots pre‐grazing in stocking cycle 5. To optimize forage biomass, producers should fertilize in early spring or maintain legumes in smooth bromegrass pastures. Interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass provides an option to increase late‐summer forage biomass.
Tissue mosaicism, FMR1 expression and intellectual functioning in males with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Baker Emma K. , Arpone Marta , Bui Minh , Kraan Claudine M. , Ling Ling , Francis David , Hunter Mathew F. , Rogers Carolyn , Field Michael J. , Santa María Lorena , Faundes Víctor , Curotto Bianca , Morales Paulina , Trigo Cesar , Salas Isabel , Alliende Angelica M. , Amor David J. , Godler David E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by hypermethylation of the FMR1 promoter due to the full mutation expansion (full mutation [FM]: CGG ≥ 200 repeats) and silencing of FMR1. Assessment of mosaicism for active‐unmethylated alleles has prognostic utility. This study examined relationships between FMR1 methylation in different tissues with FMR1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and intellectual functioning in 87 males with FXS (1.89–43.17 years of age). Methylation sensitive Southern blot (mSB) and Methylation Specific‐Quantitative Melt Aanalysis (MS‐QMA) were used to examine FMR1 methylation. FMR1 mRNA levels in blood showed strong relationships with FMR1 methylation assessed using MS‐QMA in blood (n = 68; R2 = 0.597; p = 1.4 × 10−10) and buccal epithelial cells (BEC) (n = 62; R2 = 0.24; p = 0.003), with these measures also showing relationships with intellectual functioning scores (p < 0.01). However, these relationships were not as strong for mSB, with ~40% of males with only FM alleles that were 100% methylated and non‐mosaic by mSB, showing methylation mosaicism by MS‐QMA. This was confirmed through presence of detectable levels of FMR1 mRNA in blood. In summary, FMR1 methylation levels in blood and BEC examined by MS‐QMA were significantly associated with FMR1 mRNA levels and intellectual functioning in males with FXS. These relationships were not as strong for mSB, which underestimated prevalence of mosaicism.
Influence of surface treatment on properties of Cocos nucifera L. Var typica fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Brailson Mansingh Bright , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Siengchin Suchart , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural fibers are a powerful competitor in the polymer composite market due to their availability, sustainability, obtainability, cost, and biodegradability. The surface of natural fibers was changed to increase mechanical qualities, hydrophobicity, and bonding with polymer matrix. This study exposes the influence of several surface treatments of coconut tree peduncle fibers (CTPFs) on the thermomechanical and water absorption properties of CTPF‐reinforced polymer composites. The CTPFs were treated with sodium hydroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium permanganate and stearic acid at a constant 40 wt% and individually reinforced in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix containing 60 wt% CTPFs. Chemically treated CTPFs improved reinforcement‐matrix adhesion and enhanced composite mechanical characteristics. In addition, the scanning electron microscope fractographical study of stressed composite specimens shows improved reinforcement‐matrix bonding. Moreover, the treated CTPFs have a higher cellulose wt%, which improves the composites crystalline nature, hydrophobicity and thermal stability. The potassium permanganate treated CTPF composite's maximum tensile strength of 128 MPa, flexural strength of 119 MPa, impact strength of 9.9 J/cm2, hardness value of 99 HRRW and thermal stability up to 193°C make them appropriate for lightweight mobility and structural applications.
Intensification of a distant hurricane by warm‐core eddies in the Gulf Stream in boreal fall
Authors: Fujiwara Keita , Kawamura Ryuichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated how warm‐core eddies (WCEs) in the Gulf Stream (GS) modulated the intensity of a distant tropical cyclone (TC) approaching the current in October. We performed cloud‐resolving regional simulations including a control run with the observed WCEs and a sensitivity run excluding the WCEs. These simulations found that the WCEs played a favorable role in the development of the distant TC. The WCEs affected the synoptic‐scale thermodynamic environments over the North Atlantic through the enhanced heat and moisture supply from the GS, increasing the moisture imports toward the distant TC. The WCEs‐enhanced moisture influx created very moist environments in the inner core. This inner‐core moistening was favorable for deep eyewall convection and an associated TC secondary circulation, leading to TC development. This result indicates the importance of WCEs in facilitating the remote process leading to TC development that previous studies have proposed.
From correlation to causation: The new frontier of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Rothi Mohd Hafiz , Greer Eric Lieberman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile heredity is predominantly controlled by what deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences are passed from parents to their offspring, a small but growing number of traits have been shown to be regulated in part by the non‐genetic inheritance of information. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is defined as heritable information passed from parents to their offspring without changing the DNA sequence. Work of the past seven decades has transitioned what was previously viewed as rare phenomenology, into well‐established paradigms by which numerous traits can be modulated. For the most part, studies in model organisms have correlated transgenerational epigenetic inheritance phenotypes with changes in epigenetic modifications. The next steps for this field will entail transitioning from correlative studies to causal ones. Here, we delineate the major molecules that have been implicated in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in both mammalian and non‐mammalian models, speculate on additional molecules that could be involved, and highlight some of the tools which might help transition this field from correlation to causation.
Description of the normal gastric mucosa in anatomy education: How many leukocytes are acceptable?
Authors: Gocht Andreas , Schumacher Udo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTextbooks covering normal human histology illustrate an allegedly normal gastric mucosa containing significant infiltrates of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. This standard description seems to conflict with the pathologist's criterion for normality, which specifies only a few or a complete absence of inflammatory cells. Eventually, both anatomists and pathologists face the dilemma: how much infiltrate should their students and medical colleagues be told is acceptable for the gastric mucosa to be classified as normal? Summarizing the suggestions of experts in gastroenterology and our own experience, a simple approach could be to accept no more than five mononuclear and plasma cells per high power field as normal (400‐fold magnification with a field area of 0.24 mm2). The divergence of views on this topic illustrates the need for anatomists and pathologists to find a consensus about the definition of “normal” tissues.
Accumulation of Four Electrons on a Terphenyl (Bis)disulfide
Authors: Schmid Lucius , Fokin Igor , Brändlin Mathis , Wagner Dorothee , Siewert Inke , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe activation of N2, CO2 or H2O to energy‐rich products relies on multi‐electron transfer reactions, and consequently it seems desirable to understand the basics of light‐driven accumulation of multiple redox equivalents. Most of the previously reported molecular acceptors merely allow the storage of up to two electrons. We report on a terphenyl compound including two disulfide bridges, which undergoes four‐electron reduction in two separate electrochemical steps, aided by a combination of potential compression and inversion. Under visible‐light irradiation using the organic super‐electron donor tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, a cascade of light‐induced reaction steps is observed, leading to the cleavage of both disulfide bonds. Whereas one of them undergoes extrusion of sulfur to result in a thiophene, the other disulfide is converted to a dithiolate. These insights seem relevant to enhance the current fundamental understanding of photochemical energy storage.
Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si−O−P and Al−O−P Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Wickemeyer Lucas , Hartmann Lukas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe new oxygen‐bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2P−O−Si(C2F5)3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but‐3‐en‐2‐one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2P−O−AlBis2 (Bis=−CH(SiMe3)2) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2‐addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but‐3‐en‐2‐one 2 forms the 1,2‐addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4‐position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert‐butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2P(H)−O−AlBis2(CCPh) and the FLP −C≡C 1,2‐addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
Canadian contributions to environmetrics
Authors: Dean Charmaine B. , El‐Shaarawi Abdel H. , Esterby Sylvia R. , Mills Flemming Joanna , Routledge Richard D. , Taylor Stephen W. , Woolford Douglas G. , Zidek James V. , Zwiers Francis W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the importance of collaboration in statistics by Canadian researchers and highlights the contributions that Canadian statisticians have made to many research areas in environmetrics. We provide a discussion about different vehicles that have been developed for collaboration by Canadians in the environmetrics context as well as specific scientific areas that are focused on environmetrics research in Canada including climate science, forestry, and fisheries, which are areas of importance for natural resources in Canada.
Artificialintelligence‐basedremote monitoring system for automated anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nalamani Govardhan Praveena , Surendranath Srigitha , Sundararajan Manju 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn recent decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are employed in the remote monitoring system which experiences a huge delay due to the excessive time consumption by the image processing techniques. The existing video surveillance system is unable to detect the anomaly accurately and falls short in classifying the routine activity and the anomaly activities. Therefore, an efficient anomaly detection model is necessitated for identifying the anomaly behavior of malicious nodes in the WSN environment. This research work introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐based remote monitoring system for WSN. Primarily, the online video frames are retrieved from the wireless video sensors where the frames are generated by segmenting the entire stream of video as a constant‐sized structural frame. The sequence/stream of video segments is fed into the proposed AI framework to detect anomaly activities. It has multiple levels of hidden layers to compare the features of the input captured image with the preloaded reference image. Furthermore, a 5‐fold cross‐validation approach has been inspected to validate the efficacy of the suggested AI model. The performance results evident that the proposed AI system acquires a better prediction accuracy of 98.2% and precision of 97.3% than the existing monitoring systems.
Mapping Maize Mutants Using Bulked‐Segregant Analysis and Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Best Norman B. , McSteen Paula 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForward genetics is used to identify the genetic basis for a phenotype. The approach involves identifying a mutant organism exhibiting a phenotype of interest and then mapping the causative locus or gene. Bulked‐segregant analysis (BSA) is a quick and effective approach to map mutants using pools of mutants and wild‐type plants from a segregating population to identify linkage of the mutant phenotype, and this approach has been successfully used in plants. Traditional linkage mapping approaches are outdated and time intensive, and can be very difficult. With the highly evolved development and reduction in cost of high‐throughput sequencing, this new approach combined with BSA has become extremely effective in multiple plant species, including Zea mays (maize). While the approach is incredibly powerful, careful experimental design, bioinformatic mapping techniques, and interpretation of results are important to obtain the desired results in an effective and timely manner. Poor design of a mapping population, limitations in bioinformatic experience, and inadequate understanding of sequence data are limitations of these approaches for the researcher. Here, we describe a straightforward protocol for mapping mutations responsible for a phenotype of interest in maize, using high‐throughput sequencing and BSA. Specifically, we discuss relevant aspects of developing a mutant mapping population. This is followed by a detailed protocol for DNA preparation and analysis of short‐read sequences to map and identify candidate causative mutations responsible for the mutant phenotype of interest. We provide command‐line and perl scripts to complete the bioinformatic analysis of the mutant sequence data. This protocol lays out the design of the BSA, bioinformatic approaches, and interpreting the sequencing data. These methods are very adaptable to any forward genetics experiment and provide a step‐by‐step approach to identifying the genetic basis of a maize mutant phenotype. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Bulked‐segregant analysis and high‐throughput sequencing to map maize mutants