bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Electron‐Deficient and Electron‐Rich Redox‐Active Ionic π‐Systems
Authors: Chorol Sonam , Saini Poonam , Mukhopadhyay(s) Pritam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest towards the design and synthesis of organic redox‐active systems, which exist in ionic form. Multi‐ redox systems entail life‐sustaining processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The significant challenge for material scientists is to rationally design complex molecular materials that can store and transfer multiple electrons at low operational potentials and are stable under ambient conditions. Also, important are the designed ionic π‐systems that combine efficient electron and ion transport. Here, we discuss the synthesis of ionic π‐systems which exist in the closed‐shell form. Firstly, different classes of ionic arylenediimides and viologens with different π‐linkers are discussed from the synthetic, structural and redox perspective. These ionic π‐systems are based on the electron deficient π‐scaffolds, and are shown to accumulate upto six electrons. We then discuss electron‐rich ionic arylenediimides which can exist in anionic form or zwitterionic form. The anionic electron donors have absorption extending to the near Infrared (NIR) region and can be stabilized in aqueous solution. We also discuss the effect of the electron accumulation on the aromaticity and non‐aromaticity of the naphthalene and the imide rings of the naphthalenediimides. We finally discuss in brief, the applications related to the organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the yaw moment of a downwind coned wind turbine rotor
Authors: Schulz Christian W. , Wang Keqi , Wieczorek Klaus , Netzband Stefan , Abdel‐Maksoud Moustafa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe yaw moment of wind turbine rotors has never been in the focus of wind turbine aerodynamics. With the increasing activities in the development of support structures for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT), which passively align with the wind, the interest has shifted, as an accurate determination of the yaw moment is a crucial issue for a successful design of such power plants. A downwind coned rotor is a promising option to increase the yaw moment and therefore the self‐alignment capability of a passively yawing FOWT. Unfortunately, experimental and numerical studies on the estimation of the yaw moment of wind turbine rotors are rare. This is especially the case for downwind coned rotors. The aim of the present work is to provide reliable knowledge in this field. For this purpose, an extensive experimental and numerical study is carried out to determine the yaw moment of a downwind coned rotor. The results obtained from measurements in the wind tunnel are compared to those of simulations using a high fidelity RANS method and a blade element momentum theory (BEMT) method. BEMT is widely applied and can be considered as state of the art for predicting aerodynamic loads on FOWTs. However, the basic assumptions of BEMT do not account for a realistic influence of the skewed wake, so that the application of a correction method is necessary. In this work, the frequently used wake skew correction method based on Pitt and Peters is utilised and its influence on the calculation of the yaw moment is investigated. It is shown that this correction method yields a significant overprediction of the yaw moment in comparison to the measurements and consequently even impairs the quality of the simulation in this case. In contrast to this, the wake‐resolving RANS method is capable of reproducing the measurements with reasonable accuracy and provides valuable insight into the role of the lateral force for the measurement of the yaw moment.
A Compass Is Sufficient
Authors: Ben-Ari Mordechai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 1797 Lorenzo Mascheroni proved that any construction carried out with a straightedge and compass can be carried out with only a compass. Later it came to light that this theorem had already been proved by Georg Mohr in 1672. After explaining in Sect. 13.1 what is meant by performing a construction with only a compass, the proof is presented in stages starting with four auxiliary constructions: reflection of a point (Sect. 13.2), construction of a circle with a given radius (Sect. 13.3), addition and subtraction of line segments (Sect. 13.4) and construction of a line segment as a ratio of segments (Sect. 13.5). Section 13.6 shows how to find the intersection of two lines and Sect. 13.7 shows how to find the intersection of a line and a circle.
The Five-Color Theorem
Authors: Ben-Ari Mordechai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaps use colors to distinguish one region from another by ensuring that adjacent regions are colored with different colors. In 1852 Francis Guthrie noticed that a map of the counties of England could be colored using only four countries. The claim that four countries suffice to color any planar map is called the four-color theorem and was only proved in 1976 by Kenneth Appel andWolfgang Haken. They used sophisticated mathematical arguments to show that if there is a counterexample (a map needing more than four colors), it had to be associated with one of 1834 configurations. They then used a computer to check these configurations.
Developing Digital Literacy for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Marín Victoria I. , Castañeda Linda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDigital literacy is a critical competence for empowering citizenship in a digital world. It has become a key element in teaching and learning across the different educational stages that has been addressed since the last decade of the twentieth century within the field of open, distance, and digital education. The literature so far has not agreed on a common definition, but multiple international, national, and even local, frameworks exist to foster digital literacy and to evaluate and certificate it, especially with a focus on educators and students in different educational levels, but also with the citizen perspective. These frameworks are reviewed in this chapter, along with the evolution and conceptualization of digital literacy and some strategies to foster digital literacy in different educational sectors, with a focus on the educator as a key player in this fostering action. The most remarkable challenges for developing digital literacy for teaching and learning include the same conception of digital literacy, which is multiple and situated, the digital divide and the actual consideration of digital literacy as a social practice. Being digital literacy a transversal competency nowadays, clear implications for education can be drawn, such as reshaping organizations to the digital conditions, thinking on digital literacy as a collective effort, and enriching the global discourse through diversity in debates.
Safety and Efficacy of Carotid Artery Stenting with the CGuard Double-layer Stent in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Klail Tomas , Kurmann Christoph , Kaesmacher Johannes , Mujanovic Adnan , Piechowiak Eike I. , Dobrocky Tomas , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Scutelnic Adrian , Heldner Mirjam R. , Gralla Jan , Mordasini Pasquale 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Double-layer stents show promising results in preventing periinterventional and postinterventional embolic events in elective settings of carotid artery stenting (CAS). We report a single-center experience with the CGuard stent in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or occlusion with or without intracranial occlusion.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all patients who received a CGuard stent in the setting of AIS at our institution. Neuroimaging and clinical data were analyzed with the following primary endpoints: technical feasibility, acute and delayed stent occlusion or thrombosis, distal embolism, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and functional outcome at 3 months.

Results
In 33 patients, stenting with the CGuard was performed. Stent deployment was successful in all patients (28 with tandem occlusions, 5 with isolated ICA occlusion). Transient acute in-stent thrombus formation occurred in three patients (9%) without early stent occlusion. Delayed, asymptomatic stent occlusion was seen in 1 patient (3%) after 49 days. Asymptomatic periinterventional distal emboli occurred in 2 patients (6%), 1 patient experienced a transient ischemic attack 79 days after the procedure and 1 patient (3%) developed sICH. Favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0–2) at 3 months was achieved in 12 patients (36%) and the mortality rate was 24%.

Conclusion
The CGuard use in emergencies was technically feasible, the safety has to be confirmed by further multicentric studies.
Accelerated weathering of Compreg with phenol-formaldehyde resin treated top veneers of European white oak (Quercus ssp., L.) and teak (Tectonia grandis, L.F.)
Authors: Passauer Lars , Schubert Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe weather resistance of Compreg surfaces depends on various factors, such as top veneer type, impregnating resin, and protective topcoats. Artificial weathering tests were performed for the first time on material types with oak and teak top veneer surfaces. Both showed strong surface brightening due to resin degradation and subsequent photobleaching of the exposed veneer surface. Directly pressed, phenolic resin-impregnated cellulose paper overlays caused significant surface stabilization.
Multi-objective optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall: a comparative study
Authors: Kashani Ali R. , Gandomi Amir H. , Azizi Koorosh , Camp Charles V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of four multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm II (SPEA2), and multi-objective multi-verse optimization (MVO), in developing an optimal reinforced concrete cantilever (RCC) retaining wall. The retaining wall design was based on two major requirements: geotechnical stability and structural strength. Optimality criteria were defined as reducing the total cost, weight, CO2emission, etc. In this study, two sets of bi-objective strategies were considered: (1) minimum cost and maximum factor of safety, and (2) minimum weight and maximum factor of safety. The proposed method's efficiency was examined using two numerical retaining wall design examples, one with a base shear key and one without a base shear key. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the variation of significant parameters, including backfill slope, the base soil’s friction angle, and surcharge load. Three well-known coverage set measures, diversity, and hypervolume were selected to compare the algorithms’ results, which were further assessed using basic statistical measures (i.e., min, max, standard deviation) and the Friedman test with a 95% level of confidence. The results demonstrated that NSGA-II has a higher Friedman rank in terms of coverage set for both cost-based and weight-based designs. SPEA2 and MOPSO outperformed both cost-based and weight-based solutions in terms of diversity in examples without and with the effects of a base shear key, respectively. However, based on the hypervolume measure, NSGA-II and MVO have a higher Friedman rank for examples without and with the effects of a base shear key, respectively, for both the cost-based and weight-based designs.
$$H^2$$-regularity for a two-dimensional transmission problem with geometric constraint
Authors: Laurençot Philippe , Walker Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe $$H^2$$

H
2

-regularity of variational solutions to a two-dimensional transmission problem with geometric constraint is investigated, in particular when part of the interface becomes part of the outer boundary of the domain due to the saturation of the geometric constraint. In such a situation, the domain includes some non-Lipschitz subdomains with cusp points, but it is shown that this feature does not lead to a regularity breakdown. Moreover, continuous dependence of the solutions with respect to the domain is established.
Benefits of active listening during 3D sound localization
Authors: Gaveau V. , Coudert A. , Salemme R. , Koun E. , Desoche C. , Truy E. , Farnè A. , Pavani F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn everyday life, sound localization entails more than just the extraction and processing of auditory cues. When determining sound position in three dimensions, the brain also considers the available visual information (e.g., visual cues to sound position) and resolves perceptual ambiguities through active listening behavior (e.g., spontaneous head movements while listening). Here, we examined to what extent spontaneous head movements improve sound localization in 3D—azimuth, elevation, and depth—by comparing static vs. active listening postures. To this aim, we developed a novel approach to sound localization based on sounds delivered in the environment, brought into alignment thanks to a VR system. Our system proved effective for the delivery of sounds at predetermined and repeatable positions in 3D space, without imposing a physically constrained posture, and with minimal training. In addition, it allowed measuring participant behavior (hand, head and eye position) in real time. We report that active listening improved 3D sound localization, primarily by ameliorating accuracy and variability of responses in azimuth and elevation. The more participants made spontaneous head movements, the better was their 3D sound localization performance. Thus, we provide proof of concept of a novel approach to the study of spatial hearing, with potentials for clinical and industrial applications.
Production of a viral surface protein in Nannochloropsis oceanica for fish vaccination against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
Authors: Rout Sweta Suman , de Grahl Imke , Yu Xiaohong , Reumann Sigrun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica is a unicellular oleaginous microalga of emerging biotechnological interest with a sequenced, annotated genome, available transcriptomic and proteomic data, and well-established basic molecular tools for genetic engineering. To establish N. oceanica as a eukaryotic host for recombinant protein synthesis and develop molecular technology for vaccine production, we chose the viral surface protein 2 (VP2) of a pathogenic fish virus that causes infectious pancreatic necrosis as a model vaccine. Upon stable nuclear transformation of N. oceanica strain CCMP1779 with the codon-optimized VP2 gene, a Venus reporter fusion served to evaluate the strength of different endogenous promoters in transformant populations by qPCR and flow cytometry. The highest VP2 yields were achieved for the elongation factor promoter, with enhancer effects by its N-terminal leader sequence. Individual transformants differed in their production capability of reporter-free VP2 by orders of magnitude. When subjecting the best candidates to kinetic analyses of growth and VP2 production in photobioreactors, recombinant protein integrity was maintained until the early stationary growth phase, and a high yield of 4.4% VP2 of total soluble protein was achieved. The maximum yield correlated with multiple integrations of the expression vector into the nuclear genome. The results demonstrate that N. oceanica was successfully engineered to constitute a robust platform for high-level production of a model subunit vaccine. The molecular methodology established here can likely be adapted in a straightforward manner to the production of further vaccines in the same host, allowing their distribution to fish, vertebrates, or humans via a microalgae-containing diet.

Key points
• We engineered N. oceanica for recombinant protein production.
• The antigenic surface protein 2 of IPN virus could indeed be expressed in the host.
• A high yield of 4.4% VP2 of total soluble protein was achieved in N. oceanica.
Fluorophore-conjugated 4-1BB antibody enables early detection of T-cell responses in inflammatory arthritis via NIRF imaging
Authors: Duan Shao , Han Chaozhe , Xia Yifei , Jing Chengwei , Dong Bohan , Zhang Xin , Wang WeiWei , Wang Yu , Zhang Maomao , Li Ping , Chen Weiyu , Xiao Zunyu , Li Chao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We first developed a 4-1BB-targeted optical probe, named IRDye-680RD-4-1BB mAb (monoclonal antibody), and evaluated its value for the detection of 4-1BB+ activated T cells in vivo as well as the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) mouse model.

Methods
The 4-1BB expression pattern was analysed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The 4-1BB mAb was conjugated with IRDye-680RD NHS ester, and characterized via fluorescence spectrum. A cell-binding assay was also performed to assess the interaction of this probe with activated and naïve murine T cells. Longitudinal near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of the probe was performed at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after probe administration.

Results
4-1BB expression was highly upregulated during the pathogenesis of RA. Good colocalization was also observed between CD3 and 4-1BB by IF staining and t-SNE (T-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding) analysis, which indicates that 4-1BB was mainly expressed on T cells. Compared to the control group, a significantly higher signal was observed in the right hind paw (RP) of mice with AIA at all time points. The ex vivo biodistribution study results were consistent with the in vivo NIRF imaging results, which validated the accuracy of the region of interest (ROI) measurements. The sensitivity against 100% specificity observed in the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis could distinguish the AIA group from the control group at all time points, indicating the value of IRDye-680RD-4-1BB mAb for RA diagnosis.

Conclusion
We successfully developed a novel optical imaging probe, named IRDye-680RD-4-1BB mAb, for tracking 4-1BB+ activated T cells in vivo, and 4-1BB NIRF imaging is a promising strategy for noninvasively detecting the pathogenesis of RA.
Diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on third-generation dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Luo Yong-Heng , Mei Xi-Long , Liu Qin-Ru , Jiang Bo , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Ke , Wu Xia , Luo Yong-Mei , Li Ya-Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the potential of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) parameters in identifying metastatic cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and to explore the relationships between DECT and pathological features.

Methods
Clinical and DECT data were collected from patients who underwent radical resection of OSCC and cervical lymph node dissection between November 2019 and June 2021. Microvascular density was assessed using the Weidner counting method. The electron density (ED) and effective atomic number (Zeff) in non - contrast phase and iodine concentration (IC), normalized IC, slope of the energy spectrum curve (λHU), and dual-energy index (DEI) in parenchymal phase were compared between metastatic and non - metastatic lymph nodes. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed.

Results
The inclusion criteria were met in 399 lymph nodes from 103 patients. Metastatic nodes (n = 158) displayed significantly decreased ED, IC, normalized IC, λHU, and DEI values compared with non-metastatic nodes (n = 241) (all p < 0.01). Strong correlations were found between IC (r = 0.776), normalized IC (r = 0.779), λHU (r = 0.738), DEI (r = 0.734), and microvascular density. Area under the curve (AUC) for normalized IC performed the highest (0.875) in diagnosing metastatic nodes. When combined with the width of nodes, AUC increased to 0.918.

Conclusion
DECT parameters IC, normalized IC, λHU, and DEI reflect pathologic changes in lymph nodes to a certain extent, and aid for detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes from OSCC.

Key Points
• Electron density, iodine concentration, normalized iodine concentration, λHU, and dual-energy index values showed significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic nodes.
• Strong correlations were found between iodine concentration, normalized iodine concentration, slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve, dual-energy index, and microvascular density.
• DECT qualitative parameters reflect the pathologic changes in lymph nodes to a certain extent, and aid for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes from oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Sturzprävention bei älteren Menschen durch ergotherapeutische Wohnraumanalyse, -beratung und -anpassung: eine Prozessdarstellung
Authors: Mohr Sara , Müller Christian , Hildebrand Frank , Laubach Markus 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungSturzgeschehen bei älteren Menschen treten häufig auf und sind mit relevanten kurz- als auch langfristigen Traumafolgen assoziiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der demografischen Entwicklung rücken präventive Maßnahmen zunehmend in den Fokus. Wohnraumanalysen durch ErgotherapeutInnen ermöglichen die Evaluation extrinsischer und verhaltensbasierter Sturzrisikofaktoren. Verhältnisprävention im Sinne der ergotherapeutischen Wohnraumanalyse ist eine wirksame Maßnahme, um Morbidität und Mortalität, einhergehend mit Stürzen bei älteren Menschen, und den steigenden sturzassoziierten Gesundheitskosten vorzubeugen. Ergotherapeutische Wohnraumanalysen und entsprechende Sturzpräventionsmaßnahmen reduzieren Sturzrisiko und Sturzrate bei älteren Menschen mit erhöhtem Sturzrisiko effektiv und sind im Kontext bestehender gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen umsetzbar. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, den optimalen Versorgungsprozess der Wohnraumanalyse, -beratung und -anpassung für sturzgefährdete PatientInnen durch HausärztInnen, OrthopädInnen und ErgotherapeutInnen darzustellen.