bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Predictors of Iontophoresis-assisted Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus Based on “LASSO” Regression: 3 Year Results
Authors: Liu Yu , Shen Dan , Wang Haoyu , Liang Dengfeng , Zeng Qingyan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To report the 3 year efficacy and predictors of transepithelial corneal cross-linking assisted by iontophoresis (I-CXL) for 10 min using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression in Chinese patients with progressive keratoconus.Methods: This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 25 patients, of mean age 18.48 ± 4.02 years (range: 11 to 28 years). All patients underwent stromal imbibition of riboflavin solution for iontophoresis for 10 min, followed by epithelium-on CXL. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA; in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] units), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA; in LogMAR units), spherical equivalent (SE); max keratometry (Kmax); minimum corneal thickness (MCT); the index of surface variance (ISV); the index of vertical asymmetry (IVA); the keratoconus index (KI); the center keratoconus index (CKI); and the index of height decentration (IHD), corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT), and confocal microscopy were evaluated at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Predictors of changes in CDVA and Kmax 3-year postoperatively compared with baseline were analyzed using the LASSO regression with internal tenfold cross-validation, as indicated by average root mean squared error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2) values.Results: Corneal OCT at 1 month detected the demarcation line in 24 eyes (80%), at a mean depth of 238.97 ± 53.69 μm. Average CDVA improved from 0.26 ± 0.17 LogMAR at baseline to 0.19 ± 0.13 LogMAR at 3 years (P < 0.05), average Kmax decreased from 59.72 ± 8.71 diopters (D) at baseline to 58.03 ± 7.96 D at 3 years (Delta: −1.68 ± 3.15 D, P < 0.05). ISV, IVA, KI, and IHD also decreased significantly. After LASSO regression for predictor selection, ten parameters (age, gender, baseline UDVA, CDVA, SE, MCT, ISV, IVA, KI, and IHD) were the predictors of CDVA changes 3 years after I-CXL (RMSE = 0.0054; R2 = 0.89). Age, baseline MCT, KI, and CKI value were associated with Kmax changes (RMSE = 7.3828; R2 = 0.57).Conclusions: I-CXL for 10 min is safe and effective in patients with keratoconus, with good 3 year outcomes and the symmetry indices could predict the improvement of CDVA at 3 year after I-CXL.
Probability of successful inhaled corticosteroids cessation in preschool wheezers: a predictive score
Authors: Sirianansopa Kantisa , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Prasertsan Pharsai , Saelim Kantara , Intusoma Utcharee , Anuntaseree Wanaporn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Nearly all asthma predictive tools estimate the future risk of asthma development. However, there is no tool to predict the probability of successful ICS cessation at an early age. Therefore, we aimed to determine the predictors of successful ICS cessation in preschool wheezers, and developed a simple predictive tool for clinical practice.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study involving preschool wheezers who had undergone an ICS therapeutic trial during 2015–2020 at the University Hospital, Southern, Thailand. A predictive scoring system was developed using a nomogram to estimate the probability of successful ICS cessation. We calculated area under ROC curve and used a calibration plot for assessing the tool’s performance.
Results
A total of 131 medical records were eligible for analysis. Most of the participants were male (68.9%). More than half of the preschool wheezers had successful ICS cessation after an initial therapeutic trial regimen. The predictors of successful ICS cessation were perinatal oxygen use [OR 0.10 (0.01, 0.70), P = 0.02], allergic rhinitis [OR 0.20 (0.08, 0.56), P = 0.002], blood eosinophil count > 500 cell/mm3 [OR 0.20 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.008], and previous ICS use > 6 months [OR 0.30 (0.09, 0.72), P = 0.009].
Conclusions
Predictors of successful ICS cessation were: no perinatal oxygen use, no allergic rhinitis, blood eosinophil count < 500 cell/mm3, and previous ICS use < 6 months. A simple predictive score developed in this study may help general practitioners to be more confident in making a decision regarding the discontinuation of ICS after initial therapeutic trials.
ROBOUT: a conditional outlier detection methodology for high-dimensional data
Authors: Farnè Matteo , Vouldis Angelos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology, called ROBOUT, to identify outliers conditional on a high-dimensional noisy information set. In particular, ROBOUT is able to identify observations with outlying conditional mean or variance when the dataset contains leverage outliers, highly correlated variables, and a large dimension compared to the sample size. ROBOUT entails a preliminary robust imputation procedure, that prevents leverage outliers from corrupting predictor recovery, a selection stage of the statistically relevant predictors (through cross-validated LASSO-penalized Huber loss regression), the estimation of a robust regression model based on the selected predictors (via MM regression), and a criterion to identify conditional outliers. We conduct a comprehensive simulation study in which the proposed algorithm is tested under a wide range of perturbation scenarios. The combination formed by LASSO-penalized Huber loss and MM regression turns out to be the best in terms of conditional outlier detection under the above described perturbed conditions, also compared to existing integrated methodologies like SPARSE-LTS and RLARS. The proposed methodology is finally applied to a granular supervisory banking dataset collected by the European Central Bank, in order to model the total assets of euro area banks.
The distribution of carbonate in apatite: The environment model
Authors: Yoder Claude H. , Stepien Kathleen R. , Dudrick Robyn N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The environment model is used to describe the location of carbonate in nine carbonated apatites containing varied percentages of carbonate and Na+, K+, or NH4+ ions. Unlike the traditional model for carbonate substitution, which identifies different locations and orientations of the carbonate ion in the apatite structure, the environment model utilizes the different structural surroundings to describe the different types of carbonate. The A-type carbonate environment is assigned to channels lined only with calcium ions (A-channel configuration = Ca6) or to channels containing one Na+ or a vacancy (A′-channel configuration = Ca5Na or Ca5☐), and the B-type carbonate environment is the surroundings of the replaced phosphate ion. The assignments are made by peak-fitting the carbonate asymmetric stretch region (ν3) of the IR spectrum, following previously published criteria. These assignments lead to the conclusion that the percentage of channel carbonate (A- and A′-environments) is greater than that of B-type for each of these carbonated apatites. In general, the use of triammonium phosphate as the phosphate source in the synthesis produces apatites with larger amounts of channel carbonate (A- and A′-environments), while the use of sodium-containing phosphate reagents produces smaller amounts of channel carbonate.
The environment model provides explanations for the differences within IR and NMR spectra obtained for apatites containing a range of total carbonate content. The B-type appearance of the carbonate ν3 region of the IR spectrum is found primarily in apatites containing sodium, which allows increased amounts of carbonation via co-substitution of Na+ with carbonate and creation of A′-environments with populations equal to that of B-type carbonate. The presence of ammonium or alkali metal salts with cations larger than Na+ results in the utilization of a charge-balance mechanism that produces vacancies rather than cation substitution in the channel. The carbonated apatites formed with primary utilization of the vacancy mechanism generally contain greater percentages of carbonate in the A-environment and carbonate IR spectra that contain an obvious high-frequency peak at about 1550 cm–1. The multiple peaks in the solid state 13C NMR spectra previously observed for carbonated apatite are attributed to substitution in the A-, A′-, and B-environments rather than different stereo-chemical orientations of the carbonate ion.
First evidence of dmisteinbergite (CaAl2Si2O8 polymorph) in high-grade metamorphic rocks
Authors: Wannhoff Iris , Ferrero Silvio , Borghini Alessia , Darling Robert , O’Brien Patrick J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We identified dmisteinbergite, the rare trigonal polymorph of CaAl2Si2O8, for the first time in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Dmisteinbergite occurs as a crystallization product of silicate melt inclusions (nanogranitoids) in garnet from three host rocks with different protoliths and re-equilibration conditions, i.e., from 1.0 to 4.5 GPa. Raman spectra and compositions of the dmisteinbergite here investigated are overall identical to those of previously characterized artificial and natural dmisteinbergite. In nanogranitoids, this phase coexists with other metastable polymorphs of feldspar (kumdykolite, kokchetavite) and SiO2 (quartz, cristobalite), recently interpreted as the result of undercooling, supersaturation and rapid crystallization of a silicate melt confined in a micrometric pore. Dmisteinbergite formation likely results from a similar process, and thus it should be regarded as a kinetically controlled phase. Moreover, the investigation of dmisteinbergite as well as of other metastable feldspar polymorphs offers new insights into the behavior of natural materials under non-equilibrium conditions.
Feiite: Synthesis, stability, and implications for its formation conditions in nature
Authors: Prissel Kelsey , Fei Yingwei , Strobel Timothy A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Feiite (Fe3TiO5) is a high-pressure Fe-Ti oxide mineral recently discovered in martian meteorite Shergotty. Feiite is isostructural with Fe4O5, a high-pressure iron oxide stable at pressures &gt;10 GPa. The stability of feiite has yet to be studied, as it has not previously been synthesized in the laboratory. To determine the minimum pressure at which feiite can be synthesized, we have conducted multi-anvil experiments at 1200 °C and at pressures ranging from 7 to 12 GPa. Major element compositions and XRD patterns indicate that we successfully synthesized feiite with an orthorhombic unit cell (Cmcm structure) in experiments conducted at pressures 8 GPa or greater. Relative to A2B2O5 phases with similar structure, feiite can be synthesized at lower pressures. The coexistence of feiite and liuite (FeTiO3-perovskite) in Shergotty indicates that the upper pressure limit of feiite stability is above 15 GPa. To investigate the effect of oxygen fugacity on the composition and stability of feiite, we conducted an additional series of experiments at 1200 °C and 10 GPa pressure in which we varied the Fe3+/Fetotal ratio of the experimental starting materials. In doing so, we identified a minimum Fe3+ content necessary to stabilize the feiite structure (Fe3+/Fetotal = 0.26 at 10 GPa and 1200 °C). The importance of Fe3+ for feiite stability suggests this phase would not form in lunar or HED meteorites, where iron-titanium oxides contain little to no ferric iron. Though our experimental results can only place a lower limit on the shock pressures experienced in Shergotty, the determined pressure stability indicates feiite could also be present in diamond-bearing terrestrial rocks sourced from the upper mantle or transition zone. Additionally, the presence of feiite would be an indicator of source Fe3+/Fetotal.
Seroprevalence of Pertussis Antibodies and Infection Risk Among Female
Medical Students
Authors: Jhancy Malay , Bernhardt Grisilda Vidya , Srinivasamurthy Sureshkumar , Akram Wardah Mohammad , Haris Aysha Simran 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Pertussis seroprotection among neonates depends on maternal antibodies before receiving their first childhood acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination. Therefore, childbearing women need to have adequate seroprotection, either before conception or during the antenatal period, to protect their neonates from contracting neonatal pertussis. Given the global rise in neonatal pertussis incidence, there is a need to address the importance of protection against this infection by promoting booster vaccinations among female medical students as a preventive measure for their future generation. This paper addresses a part of our study on the seroprevalence of anti-PT IgG antibodies in female medical students who are more prone to acquire infections from the patients during their clinical rotations.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted for three months by recruiting female medical students of RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. The antibody levels (IgG) of pertussis (anti-PT) in blood sera of the study population were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunoassay. A 60 – 125 IU/mL titer was considered the positive titer level (p-value <0.05 being statistically significant).

Results:
Among 90 ethnically different student participants (mean age of 21 years), forty-four percent (n=40) showed detectable titers of anti-PT IgG antibodies. Whereas fourteen percent of participants (n=13) had high positive titers above 125U/mL, four percent (n=3) showed positive titers ranging from 60-125IU/mL. Two percent (n=2) were in borderline with 55 - <60IU/mL and twenty three percent (n=21) were < 55IU/mL titres. The mean ± SD of IgG titers was 42 ± 74.93 IU/mL with a range of 0-267 IU/mL

Conclusion:
Only forty-four percent had detectable titers of anti-PT IgG antibodies, among whom fourteen percent (n=13) had high positive titers indicating recent infection. The results signify a low level of seroprotection among female medical students that emphasizes the need to promote booster vaccination for the high-risk group who work in the health profession.
FOXN3 Expression Regulated by miR-299-5p Inhibiting the Proliferation,
Migration and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Maimaitiming Kamilijiang , Yilihamu Alimire , Keyimu Kudusi , Keranmu Rexiati , Li Jun , Xu Hui , Wufuer Duolikun 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the commonest malignancies of the oral cavity. FOXN3 is a tumor suppressor that represses the progression of many tumors. Nonetheless, its role in OSCC has not been elucidated. This work is performed to probe the role and dysregulation mechanism of FOXN3 in OSCC.

Method:
FOXN3 mRNA and miR-299-5p expressions were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to detect OSCC cell growth; Transwell experiment was conducted to detect cell migration and invasion; dual-luciferase reporter experiment and bioinformatics were adopted to analyze the relationship between miR-299-5p and FOXN3; Western blot was implemented to detect FOXN3 protein expression.

Result:
FOXN3 expression was remarkably down-modulated, and miR-299-5p expression was markedly up-modulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with paracancerous tissues and normal oral epithelial cell line. FOXN3 overexpression impeded OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. FOXN3 was proven to be a downstream target of miR-299-5p, and miR-299-5p mimics enhanced OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. Moreover, FOXN3 overexpression partially reversed the promoting effects of miR-299-5p mimics on OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion.

Conclusion:
FOXN3 expression is remarkably down-modulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and miR-299-5p targets FOXN3 to facilitate OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. These results imply that miR-299-5p/FOXN3 axis may be a potential target for OSCC treatment.
Survey on Medicinal Plants and Herbs in Traditional Iranian Medicine with Anti-oxidant, Anti-viral, Anti-microbial, and Anti-inflammation Properties
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:The review aims to summarize the major and dominant natural antioxidants and their resources from medicinal and herbal plants with antiviral, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities. For this review manuscript, online databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, were searched for papers published from 1960 to November, 2021. Search terms consisted of “medicinal plants”, “traditional Iranian medicine”, “traditional Persian medicine”, “pharmaceutical properties”, “antioxidant activity”, “antiviral activity”, “anti-inflammation”, “antimicrobial” and “antibacterial activities”. (-)-Epicatechin, Caffeic acid, Gallic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Kaempferol, and Resveratrol are some of the most important chemical compounds with antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, Carnosol, P-Coumaric acid, Carnosic acid, Luteolin, Apigenin, and Kaempferol are the major chemical compounds with antiviral properties. Curcumin, Colchicine, Resveratrol, Capsaicin, (-)-Epigallocatechin, Quercetin, Myristicin, and Elmicin are the principal chemical compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Isoeugenol, Coumarin, Piperonal, Scoparone, Spathulenol, D-Limonene, and Myrcene are the principal chemical compounds with antibacterial properties in traditional Iranian medicine. Persian traditional medicine, or Iranian traditional medicine, is one of the main ancient forms of traditional medicine, which has influenced knowledge regarding other medicinal plants in various countries. It has also been considered one of the most well-known traditional and holistic systems of medicine.
Diabetes and Cardiorenal Complications: A Clinical Review of Existing Therapies and Novel Combinations, Focusing on SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kale Ajinath , Sharma Anshima , Anders Hans-Joachim , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a set of metabolic disorders specified by hyperglycemia as a result of abnormalities in insulin secretion or sensitivity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the widespread co-morbidities of T2DM and share risk factors for onset and progression. Despite numerous mono- and combination therapies exist, the progression of diabetes complications remains a global health concern. Treatment options for diabetic- CKD and CVD include drugs targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, albuminuria, hyperlipidemia and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 channel (SGLT2) is abundantly present in proximal tubules of the kidney and its capacity to recover glucose and sodium from the glomerular filtrate limits urinary glucose and sodium excretion. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce sodium and glucose reabsorption in the proximal and thus increase urinary glucose excretion in T2DM. SGLT2i monotherapy can improve but dual SGLT2/RAAS inhibition or SGLT2i along with other classes of drugs are more effective in protecting the kidneys and the cardiovascular system in patients with and without diabetes. Combinations such as empagliflozin and linagliptin, ertugliflozin and metolazone, dapagliflozin and sacubitril- valsartan and many more show promising results. Here, we have reviewed the ongoing and completed clinical trials, addressed current theories, and discussed necessary future research to explain the possible risks and benefits of using an SGLT2i alone and in combination with existing antidiabetic drugs and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system.
Nephroprotective Effect of Cinnamon cassia and Azadirachta indica on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Miao Xiangyang , Jabeen Farhat , Shabbir Samina , Boruah Prerona , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam , Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad , Nawaz Mohsin , Ashar Ambreen , Mahfooz Ashar , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Mengal Kifayatullah 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) has gained a lot of focus in today’s world owing to its wide usage in several industries. The hazardous effects of TiO2 and its nanoparticles are also slowly revealing. The need for a proper cure of these toxic effects is of utmost importance. Due to its few side effects, medicinal plants can be an efficient source of remedy but are least considered compared to synthetic medicines. Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica are the most common of such medicinal plants used extensively in Pakistan and India. In this study, we carried out experiments to know the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles in kidneys using a murine model and observed the ameliorating effects of Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica on the toxicity of TIO2 nanoparticles.Methods:Rats were given a subcutaneous injection of TiO2 nanoparticles at the dose of 150mg/kg body weight for 28 days along with oral administration of Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica alone and in combination.Results and Discussion:Both Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica at doses of 100 or 150mg/kg reduced the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles evident from reduced alterations in kidney histopathology and also decreased DNA damage.Conclusion:It was concluded that Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica showed remedial or healing effects against nephrotoxicity in rats exposed to TiO2 sublethal doses.
Content Validity of the AHRQ Health Care Professional Survey on Informed Consent: A Methodological Study
Authors: Abu Alhaijaa Eyad , Abu Moghli Fathieh 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To assess the content validity of the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) healthcare professional survey on informed consent.

Background:
The AHRQ has developed the healthcare professional survey on informed consent to assess the impact of the informed consent quality improvement training module on the healthcare professional knowledge, practices, and attitudes about informed consent.

Methods:
A qualitative study was carried out as part of a doctorate student dissertation study to assess the healthcare providers' and patients' perspectives and experiences on the informed consent process utilizing a descriptive, cross-sectional study design. The researchers have contacted 13 experts by email, asking for their voluntary support to validate the survey. The researchers adopted five domains of content validity measures, including relevancy, sufficiency, simplicity, clarity, and ambiguity. A four-point Likert scale was adopted and communicated to the experts to guide their scoring criteria. Preliminary pilot testing was done to assess the psychometric properties of the newly modified tool.

Results:
Seven experts have responded and shared their feedback either through email or hard copies, representing a response rate of 53.8%. Only one survey item scored less than 0.78 on I-CVI and was dropped from the survey. One subscale, “the Informed consent process overall effectiveness,” was dropped from the study as it falls below the acceptable level of 0.9. All edits requested by the experts' panel were done. The psychometric properties were then tested, and further enhancement of the tool was done to reach the acceptable Cronbach's alpha level.

Conclusion:

The AHRQ initiated the first stage of survey item development, and this study continued the efforts by validating the content of the survey and testing its content validity. The final poll was judged to have excellent content validity, good psychometric properties, and 41 items.