bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar water uptake in the needles of Pinus torreyana
Authors: Tianshi Emily , Chau Pao C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe natural habitat of Pinus torreyana, the Torrey pine, is restricted to two locales in coastal Southern California that experience substantial fog and low clouds during the dry months of a Mediterranean climate. In similar semi-arid climate systems that encounter fog or low clouds, many plants can capture atmospheric moisture and are capable of direct foliar water uptake to reduce water stress. In this study, we investigated if the needles of P. torreyana are also capable of direct water uptake. In addition to water immersion, we measured the surface properties along a needle using microdroplets. The droplet contact angle is a measure of surface wettability, and the droplet absorption is a measure of localized foliar water uptake. The results showed that the entire length of the P. torreyana needle, including under the base sheath, is hydrophilic and capable of direct water uptake. The spatial gradients of the wettability and the water uptake along the needle are relatively small. Moreover, the wettability and water uptake increase from young shoots to one-year and two-year old needles. Our results also showed that the decrease in water uptake at higher contact angles can be described by a linear regression. Compared with the leaves of four shrubs in the same habitat, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Malosma laurina, Rhus integrifolia, and Eriodictyon crassifolium, the P. torreyana needles have lower contact angles and higher water uptake rates.
Pathogenese, Klinik und Therapie des Erysipels
Authors: Borst C. , Symmank D. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Erysipel ist eine häufig vorkommende, akut auftretende, bakterielle Infektion der Haut, welche oft mit Systemzeichen einhergeht. Ursächlich für diese häufige Dermatose sind zumeist β‑hämolysierende Streptokokken der Gruppe A (Streptococcus pyogenes). Typischerweise dringen Bakterien durch einen Substanzdefekt in die Haut ein und siedeln sich in den superfiziellen Lymphgefäßen der Dermis an. Das Erysipel tritt üblicherweise an der unteren Extremität auf, kann aber jedes Körperareal betreffen. Klinisch zeichnet es sich durch eine Rötung mit flammenartigen Ausläufern, einer Schwellung und Überwärmung des betroffenen Areals aus. Die Rötung kann aufgrund der Oberflächlichkeit des Entzündungsprozesses in der Regel gut von gesundem Gewebe abgegrenzt werden. Im Bereich des respektiven Lymphabstromgebiets kann es zu einer reaktiven Lymphadenopathie kommen. Darüber hinaus können sich die Patienten mit Fieber, Schüttelfrost und Tachykardie präsentieren. Laborchemisch zeichnet sich die Erkrankung durch eine Erhöhung der Leukozytenzahl mit Neutrophilie, des C‑reaktiven Proteins und der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit aus. Therapeutisch kommt Penicillin zum Einsatz, wobei Clindamycin eine bewährte Therapiealternative darstellt. Das Erysipel heilt meist komplikationslos ab, allerdings können sich chronisch-rezidivierende Verläufe etablieren.
Caprine dental microwear reveals livestock management and exploitation of landscape during the Middle and Late Bronze Age of the Balearic Islands (ca. 1500–850 cal. BC)
Authors: Valenzuela-Suau Lua , Rivals Florent , Ramis Damià , Valenzuela-Lamas Sílvia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last few decades, bioarchaeological studies have grown exponentially on the Balearic Islands. In general, animal husbandry based on domestic triad and a Mediterranean macchia landscape is well-attested during the prehistory of this archipelago. Despite providing meaningful data about dietary patterns and livestock practices, dental microwear analyses on animal teeth have not been previously applied to the research of the Balearic Islands. This study presents the results of dental microwear analyses from 107 caprine teeth from seven archaeological sites from the Balearics dated from the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The results suggest that sheep and goats were predominantly browsers, having a shrubby-predominant diet, with the exception of Cala Blanca caprines (Menorca) that were mixed feeders with a tendency towards a grazering diet. Dental microwear results also suggest that caprines from two archaeological sites located on the coast did not feed near to the settlements, thus suggesting livestock movement. The combination of these results with the archaeobotanical information available from some sites has allowed a better understanding about livestock management and its impact on the transformation of the prehistoric landscape of the Balearic Islands.
CENPO regulated proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer in a p53-dependent manner
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Chen Chuangqi , Yan Mei , Zeng Xiangtai , Zhang Yuchao , Lai Dongming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be a leading cause of cancer-related death. Centromere protein O (CENPO) can prevent the separation of sister chromatids and cell death after spindle injury. Nevertheless, the role of CENPO in CRC has not been reported. The expression level of CENPO in CRC was revealed by TCGA database and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Subsequently, the loss-of-function assays were performed to identified the role of CENPO in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that CENPO was highly expressed in CRC. The expression of CENPO was positively correlated with the deterioration of CRC. Moreover, CENPO knockdown inhibited the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells, which was characterized by slowed proliferation, cycle repression at G2, promotion of apoptosis, reduced migration and weakened tumorigenesis. Furthermore, CENPO knockdown downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, CCND1, PIK3CA and inhibited AKT phosphorylation in CRC cells. Moreover, the function of CENPO in regulating proliferation and apoptosis depended on p53. In summary, CENPO may play a promoting role in CRC through the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which can be regarded as a molecular therapeutic target for CRC.
Current status of intra-cranial stereotactic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery in Australia and New Zealand: key considerations from a workshop and surveys
Authors: Pudsey Lauren , Haworth Annette , White Paul , Moutrie Zoe , Jonker Benjamin , Foote Matthew , Poder Joel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, there has been increased interest worldwide in the use of conventional linear accelerator (linac)-based systems for delivery of stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) contrasting with historical delivery in specialised clinics with dedicated equipment. In order to gain an understanding and define the current status of SRS/SRT delivery in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) we conducted surveys and provided a single-day workshop. Prior to the workshop ANZ medical physicists were invited to complete two surveys: a departmental survey regarding SRS/SRT practises and equipment; and an individual survey regarding opinions on current and future SRS/SRT practices. At the workshop conclusion, attendees completed a second opinion-based survey. Workshop discussion and survey data were utilised to identify areas of consensus, and areas where a community consensus was unclear. The workshop was held on the 8th Sept 2020 virtually due to pandemic-related travel restrictions and was attended by 238 radiation oncology medical physicists from 39 departments. The departmental survey received 32 responses; a further 89 and 142 responses were received to the pre-workshop and post-workshop surveys respectively. Workshop discussion indicated a consensus that for a department to offer an SRS/SRT service, a minimum case load should be considered depending on availability of training, peer-review, resources and equipment. It was suggested this service may be limited to brain metastases only, with less common indications reserved for departments with comprehensive SRS/SRT programs. Whilst most centres showed consensus with treatment delivery techniques and image guidance, opinions varied on the minimum target diameter and treatment margin that should be applied.
Frequency of positive allergy tests in children, adults and seniors
Authors: Heindl Benjamin , Braunsteiner Tobias , Klug Livia , Wantke Felix , Hemmer Wolfgang , Wöhrl Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Background
Among allergists, it is often assumed that allergies primarily affect children and young adults and are “lost” during life.

Methods
To challenge this assumption, we analysed skin prick tests and patch tests from a large patient cohort of 5857 consecutive patients seen by the same physician in 2018 in a large allergy outpatient clinic in Vienna.

Results
We observed a clustering of patients suffering from inhalant allergy between the ages of 5 and 59 years (44.6% = 2155/4828), although inhalant allergies were still frequent beyond the age of 60 years with 20.2% (167/826). Food allergies were most relevant in infants under 5 years of age, at 16.3% (33/203). The proportion of contact allergies was low in childhood, but steadily increased over the age and affected more often women (women: 5.28% = 187/3544, men: 1.99% = 46/2313).

Conclusion
Inhalant allergies play a relevant role until old age. Food allergies are mainly a disease of infancy, and contact allergies predominantly affect adult women.
Symmetry of odd solutions to equations with fractional Laplacian
Authors: Djitte Sidy M. , Jarohs Sven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a symmetry result to solutions of equations involving the fractional Laplacian in a domain with at least two perpendicular symmetries. We show that if the solution is continuous, bounded, and odd in one direction such that it has a fixed sign on one side, then it will be symmetric in the perpendicular direction. Moreover, the solution will be monotonic in the part where it is of fixed sign. In addition, we present also a class of examples in which our result can be applied.
Experimental study of the effect of temperature and velocity in channel forming of polyvinyl chloride composite reinforced by 3D-fiberglass with an aluminum middle layer
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Sadooghi Ali , Rahmani Kaveh , Akbari Saeed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the stamp forming process of a U-shaped cross-section channel with sharp corners of composite laminates including aluminum sheet and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with 3D-fiberglass was investigated. The laminates were produced by manual layup and arrangement of fibers with different angles of [0°/90°] and [± 45°] degrees using hot press. The process of forming composite samples was carried out at temperatures of 25, 80, 120, 160°C and different velocities of punch. The effect of parameters including layup configuration, temperature, and forming speed on the spring-back of the formed laminates and the required forming force were evaluated. The results showed that as the forming temperature increased, the forming force decreased sharply. The lowest forming force was obtained for the laminate with [± 45°, Al, ± 45°] layout at 160°C temperature which was equal to 0.7KN. Also, with the increase in temperature, the spring-back angle has been reduced, the lowest of which is obtained with the laminate with [0°/90°] 3 layout equal to 8 degrees. Finally, it was concluded that increasing the speed of the forming process results in a decrease in the spring-back angle and this effect is more pronounced at higher temperatures.

Graphical abstract
Evaluation of Satellite’s Point-Ahead Angle Derived from TLE for Laser Communication
Authors: Lazzaro Riccardo , Bettanini Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvances in lasers, optics and electronics for Satellite’s optical communication are opening the possibility of very high performance near Earth space links with data rate up to several Gbps. Being the divergence of the laser beam typically of tens of $$\mu$$
μ
rad, an extremely high precision pointing is needed to correctly establish and maintain data optical link. In particular, the relative motion between the satellite and the ground station shall be accurately evaluated to estimate how to correct pointing angles for future orbital locations. This correction is made via a point-ahead mirror (PAM) mechanism, which deviates the laser beam by an angle called point-ahead angle (PAA). The purpose of this paper is evaluate the possibility of accurately estimate the point-ahead angle in advance using the two-line elements sets for the orbiting satellite, which are available before the ground station overpass. The study evaluated TLE-based orbital evolution of Sentinel-6 satellite, comparing the results with the high precision data obtained by laser ranging from the crustal dynamics data information system (CDDIS). The maximum error observed between the estimated and measured point-ahead angles was less than 1$$\mu$$
μ
rad, demonstrating the possibility of this point-ahead correction technique for LEO orbiting satellites.
A participatory approach for empowering community engagement in data governance: The Monash Net Zero Precinct
Authors: Sharp Darren , Anwar Misita , Goodwin Sarah , Raven Rob , Bartram Lyn , Kamruzzaman Liton 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Data governance is an emerging field of study concerned with how a range of actors can successfully manage data assets according to rules of engagement, decision rights, and accountabilities. Urban studies scholarship has continued to demonstrate and criticize lack of community engagement in smart city development and urban data governance projects, including in local sustainability initiatives. However, few move beyond critique to unpack in more detail what community engagement should look like. To overcome this gap, we develop and test a participatory methodology to identify approaches to empowering community engagement in data governance in the context of the Monash Net Zero Precinct in Melbourne, Australia. Our approach uses design for social innovation to enable a small group of “precinct citizens” to co-design prototypes and multicriteria mapping as a participatory appraisal method to open up and reveal a diversity of perspectives and uncertainties on data governance approaches. The findings reveal the importance of creating deliberative spaces for pluralising community engagement in data governance that consider the diverse values and interests of precinct citizens. This research points toward new ways to conceptualize and design enabling processes of community engagement in data governance and reflects on implementation strategies attuned to the politics of participation to support the embedding of these innovations within specific socio-institutional contexts.
Leading-edge pressure gradient effect on boundary layer receptivity to free-stream turbulence
Authors: Mamidala Santhosh B. , Weingärtner A. , Fransson J.H.M. 
Published: February 2022

Free-stream turbulence (FST) induced boundary layer transition is an intricate physical process that starts already at the leading edge (LE) with the LE receptivity process dictating how the broad spectrum of FST scales is received by the boundary layer. The importance of the FST integral length scale, apart from the turbulence intensity, has recently been recognized in transition prediction but a systematic variational study of the LE pressure gradient has still not been undertaken. Here, the LE pressure gradient is systematically varied in order to quantify its effect on the transition location. To this purpose, we present a measurement technique for accurate determination of flat-plate boundary layer transition location. The technique is based on electret condenser microphones which are distributed in the streamwise direction with high spatial resolution. All time signals are acquired simultaneously and post-processed giving the full intermittency distribution of the flow over the plate in a few minutes. The technique is validated against a similar procedure using hot-wire anemometry measurements. Our data clearly shows that the LE pressure gradient plays a decisive role in the receptivity process for small integral length scales, at moderate turbulence intensities, leading to variations in the transitional Reynolds number close to 40 %. To our knowledge, this high sensitivity of LE pressure gradient to transition has so far not been reported and our experiments were therefore partly repeated using another LE to ensure set-up independence and result repeatability.
Longitudinal dynamics of co-infecting gastrointestinal parasites in a wild sheep population
Authors: Sweeny Amy R. , Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Bal Xavier , Hayward Adam D. , Pilkington Jill G. , McNeilly Tom N. , Nussey Daniel H. , Kenyon Fiona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin-year variation in infection is a ubiquitous feature of natural populations, but is determined by a complex interplay of environmental, parasitological and host factors. At the same time, co-infection is the norm in the wild. Longitudinal dynamics of co-infecting parasites may therefore be further complicated by covariation across multiple parasites. Here, we used fecal parasite egg and oocyst counts collected repeatedly from individually marked wild Soay sheep to investigate seasonal dynamics of six gastrointestinal parasite groups. Prevalence and abundance tended to be higher in spring and summer, and abundance was higher in lambs compared to adults. We found that within-year variation in highly prevalent strongyle nematode counts was dependent on adult reproductive status, where reproductive ewes had distinct dynamics compared to males and barren ewes. For similarly prevalent coccidia we found an overall peak in oocyst counts in spring but no differences among males, barren and pregnant ewes. Using multivariate mixed-effects models, we further show that apparent positive correlation between strongyle and coccidia counts was driven by short-term within-individual changes in both counts rather than long-term among-individual covariation. Overall, these results demonstrate that seasonality varies across demographic and parasite groups and highlight the value of investigating co-infection dynamics over time.
Graph-based approach for enumerating floorplans based on users specifications
Authors: Shekhawat Krishnendra , Jain Rahil N. , Bisht Sumit , Kondaveeti Aishwarya , Goswami Dipam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at automatically generating dimensioned floorplans while considering constraints given by the users in the form of adjacency and connectivity graph. The obtained floorplans also satisfy boundary constraints where users will be asked to choose their preferred location based on cardinal and inter-cardinal directions. Further, spanning circulations are inserted within the generated floorplans. The larger aim of this research is to provide alternative architecturally feasible layouts to users which can be further refined by architects.
Very preterm and very low birthweight infant with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum, right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation, and discontinuous pulmonary arteries
Authors: Puente Bao N. , d’Udekem Yves , Krishnan Anita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrematurity and low birthweight are associated with increased mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation carries one of the highest risks of mortality. We present a patient who was born at 28 weeks of gestation at 1.2 kg, with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum, right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation, coronary artery atresia, and discontinuous pulmonary arteries, who successfully underwent palliation with a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt, pulmonary arterioplasty, and subsequently a bidirectional Glenn.
Terrorist Attacks Against Emergency Medical Services: Secondary Attacks are an Emerging Risk
Authors: Schmeitz Cindy T.J. , Barten Dennis G. , van Barneveld Kevin W.Y. , De Cauwer Harald , Mortelmans Luc , van Osch Frits , Wijnands Jaap , Tan Edward C. , Boin Arjen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Terrorists increasingly aim at so-called soft targets, such as hospitals. However, little is known about terrorist attacks against Emergency Medical Services (EMS).Objective:This study aims to review all documented terrorist attacks against EMS that occurred world-wide from 1970-2019 using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).Methods:Reports of terrorist attacks against EMS were extracted from the GTD from 1970-2019. Data collection included temporal factors, attack and weapon type, number of casualties, and if it was a primary or secondary attack (secondary attack: deliberate attack against the first responders of an initial terrorist attack). Reports were excluded if EMS were not a target or if it was unclear whether they were a target. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time.Results:There were 184 terrorist attacks against EMS, resulting in 748 deaths and 1,239 people injured. Terrorist attacks against EMS significantly increased over the past two decades. The “Middle East & North Africa” was the most frequently affected region with 81 attacks (44.0%) followed by “South Asia” with 41 attacks (22.3%). Bombings and explosions were the most common attack type (85 incidents; 46.2%) followed by armed assaults (68 incidents; 35.3%). Combined prehospital and hospital attacks were first reported in 2005 and occurred seven times. The first secondary attack against EMS dates from 1997, after which an increase was observed from 10 to 39 incidents in the periods 2000-2009 and 2010-2019, respectively.Conclusions:This analysis of the GTD, which identified 184 terrorist attacks against EMS over a 50-year period, demonstrates that terrorist attacks against EMS have significantly increased during the years and that secondary attacks are an emerging risk. Bombings and explosions are the most common attack type. Terrorist attacks against EMS are most prevalent in countries with high level of internal conflicts, however, they have also occurred in western countries. These incidents may hold valuable information to prevent future attacks.