bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Simulation of Freezing of Water in Large Tanks Including Expansion of Ice
Authors: Terala Shashank , Mazumder Sandip , Matharu Gurpreet , Vaishnav Dhaval , Ali Syed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A liquid water-urea mixture is stored onboard diesel vehicles and used for exhaust aftertreatment. In cold weather conditions, the mixture may freeze and the freezing process may span over a day. In the first part of our study (Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications—Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 13, p. 011008, 2021), it was shown that traditional computational methods are impractical for modeling such large-duration freezing processes because of restrictions in the time-step size posed by numerical stability and physical time scale considerations. A model, in which natural convection driven thermal transport is treated as a diffusive process, was developed and demonstrated. Since the flow field was not computed in this model, the computations were found to be orders of magnitude more efficient than traditional methods. This preliminary model did not account for the expansion of ice. Here, a new model that accounts for the expansion of ice, and the consequent rise of the initial air-water/ice interface (ice dome formation) is presented. An additional conservation equation for excess volume fraction is introduced to this end and is solved using the unstructured finite-volume procedure and sub-time-stepping. Since the flow field is not computed, the air-water/ice interface is tracked using a new algorithm similar to the traditional volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, but one that constructs fluxes using a diffusive formulation rather than an advective one. Validation studies in full-scale three-dimensional tanks show good agreement with measured temperature-time data. It is found that the air-water/ice interface first evolves to a concave shape before finally becoming a convex ice dome after full solidification.
Guiding the Prostatic Artery Embolization Procedure With Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Mahmoudi Mostafa , Jennings Chadrick , Pereira Keith , Hall Andrew F. , Arzani Amirhossein 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and is the most frequent benign tumor in men. To reduce BPH therapy complications, prostatic artery embolization (PAE) was developed to replace the surgical options. PAE is a minimally invasive technique in which emboli are injected into the prostate arteries (PA), obstructing the blood flow in the hypervascular nodules. In this work, a personalized PAE treatment strategy was proposed using patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, the hemodynamics environment in the iliac arterial tree considering a large network of bifurcations was studied. The results showed complex blood flow patterns in the iliac arterial network. Subsequently, the transport of embolic particulates during PAE for the standard horizontal and hypothetical vertical patient positioning was simulated using Lagrangian particle tracking. Emboli of different sizes were released at various locations across the iliac arterial tree. The emboli entering the PA were mapped back to their initial location to create emboli release maps (ERMs). The obtained ERMs during the standard patient positioning for smaller emboli at certain release locations showed distinct regions in which if the emboli were released within these regions, all of them would reach the PA without nontarget embolization. During the hypothetical vertical patient positioning, the larger emboli formed a larger coherent region in the ERMs. Our patient-specific model can be used to find the best spatial location for emboli injection and perform the embolization procedure with minimal off-target delivery.
The influence of glacial isostatic adjustment on continental shelf stratigraphic correlation
Authors: King Meghan E. , Creveling Jessica R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) imparts geographic variability in the amplitude and timing of local sea-level (LSL) change arising from glacial-interglacial oscillations relative to a global mean signal (eustasy). We modeled how GIA manifests in the stratigraphic record across four shelf-perpendicular transects moving progressively more distal to the Quaternary North American ice complex, subject to varying amounts of GIA during glacial-interglacial cycles. Along each transect, we obtained LSL histories for nine sites between 1 m and 250 m water depth from the output of a gravitationally self-consistent GIA model run from marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 11 to the present. We paired each site's unique LSL history with 50 identical annual sedimentation models to create a library of 400-k.y.-duration synthetic stratigraphic columns (each assuming no tectonics). Comparison of the suite of synthetic stratigraphic columns between transects for a given bathymetric depth reveals latitudinal differences in the stratigraphically determined number, magnitude, and age of glacial-interglacial cycles, as inferred from stratigraphic sequence count, apparent water-depth change, and age of preserved deglacial transgression. We conclude that, for many field locales, extraction of primary information about the number, scale, and duration of pre-Cenozoic glacial-interglacial cycles from continental shelf stratigraphic records near ice sheets demands a deconvolution of the GIA signal.
867 Prognostic accuracy of triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19 in a pre-hospital setting: an observational cohort study
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Sutton Laura , Stone Tony , Campbell Richard , Pilberry Richard , Thomas Benjamin , Goodacre Steve 
Published: May 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundEmergency Medical Service (EMS) and other practitioners assessing patients with suspected COVID-19 in the community must rapidly determine whether patients need treatment in hospital or can self-care. Tools to triage patient acuity have only been validated in hospital populations.We aimed to estimate the accuracy of five risk-stratification tools recommended to predict severe illness and compare accuracy to existing clinical decision-making in a pre-hospital setting.Methods/DesignAn observational cohort study using linked ambulance service data for patients assessed by EMS crews in the Yorkshire and Humber region of England between 18th March 2020 and 29th June 2020 was conducted to assess performance of the PRIEST tool, NEWS2, the WHO algorithm, CRB-65 and PMEWS in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome was death or need for organ support.Abstract 867 Table 1Triage tool diagnostic accuracy statistics (95% CI) for predicting any adverse outcomeToolN*C-statisticThresholdProportion with scoreSensitivitySpecificityPPVNPVCRB-6574700.79(0.78, 0.80)>00.540.89(0.88, 0.89)0.54(0.53, 0.54)0.29 (0.29, 0.30)0.96 (0.95, 0.96)NEWS274350.80(0.78, 0.81)>10.750.96(0.96, 0.96)0.30(0.29, 0.30)0.23 (0.22, 0.23)0.97 (0.97, 0.97)PMEWS74600.81(0.80, 0.83)>20.720.98(0.97, 0.98)0.34(0.33, 0.34)0.24 (0.24, 0.24)0.99 (0.98, 0.99)PRIEST74700.83(0.82, 0.84)>40.660.97(0.97, 0.97)0.41(0.40, 0.41)0.26 (0.25, 0.26)0.98 (0.98, 0.99)WHO74700.64(0.64, 0.65)>00.740.98(0.97, 0.98)0.31(0.30, 0.31)0.23 (0.23, 0.24)0.98(0.98, 0.99)*Totals rounded to nearest 5Abstract 867 Figure 1ROC curves showing triage tool performance for predicting any adverse outcomeResults/ConclusionsOf 7550 patients in our cohort, 17.6% (95% CI:16.8% to 18.5%) experienced the primary outcome. The NEWS2, PMEWS, PRIEST tool and WHO algorithm identified patients at risk of adverse outcomes with a high sensitivity (>0.95) and specificity ranging between 0.3 (NEWS2) and 0.41 (PRIEST tool). The high sensitivity of NEWS2 and PMEWS was achieved by using lower thresholds than previously recommended (NEWS2; 0–1 vs 2+ and PMEWS; 0–2 vs 3+).On index (first) assessment, 65% of patients were transported to hospital and EMS decision to transfer patients achieved a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.85) and specificity of 0.39 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.40) to the primary outcome. This does not account for clinical reasons not to convey patients to hospital who subsequently deteriorated.Use of NEWS2, PMEWS, PRIEST tool and WHO algorithm could therefore potentially improve EMS triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. Use of the PRIEST tool could significantly increase the sensitivity of triage without increasing the number of patients conveyed to hospital.
Initial antihypertensive agent effects on acute blood pressure after intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Ng Yisi , Qi Wenjing , King Nicolas Kon Kam , Christianson Thomas , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Shah Shreyansh , Divani Afshin , Bettin Margaret , Coleman Elisheva R , Flaherty Matthew L , Walsh Kyle B , Testai Fernando D , McCauley Jacob L , Gilkerson Lee A , Langefeld Carl D , Behymer Tyler Paul , Woo Daniel , James Michael L 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCurrent guidelines recommend blood pressure (BP) lowering in patients after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) without guidance on initial choice of antihypertensive class. This study sought to determine if initial antihypertensive class differentially effects acute BP lowering in a large multiethnic ICH cohort.MethodsSubjects enrolled in the Ethnic/Racial Variations in ICH study between August 2010 and August 2017 with elevated admission BP and who received labetalol, nicardipine or hydralazine monotherapy as initial antihypertensive were analysed. Primary outcomes were systolic and diastolic BP changes from baseline to first BP measurement after initial antihypertensive treatment. Secondary outcomes included haematoma expansion (HE), hospital length of stay (LOS) and modified Rankin Score (mRS) up to 12 months after ICH. Exploratory outcomes assessed effects of race/ethnicity. Linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for relevant covariates, were performed to determine associations of antihypertensive class with outcomes.ResultsIn total, 1156 cases were used in analyses. Antihypertensive class was associated with diastolic BP change (p=0.003), but not systolic BP change (p=0.419). Initial dosing with nicardipine lowered acute diastolic BP than labetalol (least square mean difference (labetalol-nicardipine)=5.47 (2.37, 8.57), p<0.001). Initial antihypertensive class was also found to be associated with LOS (p=0.028), but not with HE (p=0.406), mortality (p=0.118), discharge disposition (p=0.083) or mRS score at discharge, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up (p=0.262, 0.276, 0.152 and 0.36, respectively). Race/ethnicity variably affected multivariable models.ConclusionIn this large acute ICH cohort, initial antihypertensive class was associated with acute diastolic, but not systolic, BP-lowering suggesting differential effects of antihypertensive agents.Trial registration numberNCT01202864.
The Cell Type–Specific 5hmC Landscape and Dynamics of Healthy Human Hematopoiesis and TET2-Mutant Preleukemia
Authors: Nakauchi Yusuke , Azizi Armon , Thomas Daniel , Corces M. Ryan , Reinisch Andreas , Sharma Rajiv , Cruz Hernandez David , Köhnke Thomas , Karigane Daiki , Fan Amy , Martinez-Krams Daniel , Stafford Melissa , Kaur Satinder , Dutta Ritika , Phan Paul , Ediriwickrema Asiri , McCarthy Erin , Ning Yuhong , Phillips Tierney , Ellison Christopher K. , Guler Gulfem D. , Bergamaschi Anna , Ku Chin-Jen , Levy Samuel , Majeti Ravindra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a key step in DNA demethylation that is mediated by ten–eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which require ascorbate/vitamin C. Here, we report the 5hmC landscape of normal hematopoiesis and identify cell type–specific 5hmC profiles associated with active transcription and chromatin accessibility of key hematopoietic regulators. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to model TET2 loss-of-function mutations in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Disrupted cells exhibited increased colonies in serial replating, defective erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation, and in vivo competitive advantage and myeloid skewing coupled with reduction of 5hmC at erythroid-associated gene loci. Azacitidine and ascorbate restored 5hmC abundance and slowed or reverted the expansion of TET2-mutant clones in vivo. These results demonstrate the key role of 5hmC in normal hematopoiesis and TET2-mutant phenotypes and raise the possibility of utilizing these agents to further our understanding of preleukemia and clonal hematopoiesis.

Significance:
We show that 5-hydroxymethylation profiles are cell type–specific and associated with transcriptional abundance and chromatin accessibility across human hematopoiesis. TET2 loss caused aberrant growth and differentiation phenotypes and disrupted 5hmC and transcriptional landscapes. Treatment of TET2 KO HSPCs with ascorbate or azacitidine reverted 5hmC profiles and restored aberrant phenotypes.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 265
Delineation of Cancer Service Areas Anchored by Major Cancer Centers in the United States
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Wang Fahui , Onega Tracy 
Published: May 2022

Defining a reliable geographic unit pertaining to cancer care is essential in its assessment, planning, and management. This study aims to delineate and characterize the cancer service areas (CSA) accounting for the presence of major cancer centers in the United States. We used the Medicare enrollment and claims from January 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015 to build a spatial network from patients with cancer to cancer care facilities that provided inpatient and outpatient care of cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. After excluding those without clinical care or outside of the United States, we identified 94 NCI-designated and other academic cancer centers from the members of the Association of American Cancer Institutes. By explicitly incorporating existing specialized cancer referral centers, we refined the spatially constrained Leiden method that accounted for spatial adjacency and other constraints to delineate coherent CSAs within which the service volumes were maximal but minimal between them. The derived 110 CSAs had a high mean localization index (LI; 0.83) with a narrow variability (SD = 0.10). The variation of LI across the CSAs was positively associated with population, median household income, and area size, and negatively with travel time. Averagely, patients traveled less and were more likely to receive cancer care within the CSAs anchored by cancer centers than their counterparts without cancer centers. We concluded that CSAs are effective in capturing the local cancer care markets in the United States. They can be used as reliable units for studying cancer care and informing more evidence-based policy.Significance:Using the most refined network community detection method, we can delineate CSAs in a more robust, systematic, and empirical manner that incorporates existing specialized cancer referral centers. The CSAs can be used as a reliable unit for studying cancer care and informing more evidence-based policy in the United States. The cross-walk tabulation of ZIP code areas, CSAs, and related programs for CSAs delineation are disseminated for public access.
Text Messages to Improve Medication Adherence and Secondary Prevention After Acute Coronary Syndrome: The TEXTMEDS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chow Clara K. , Klimis Harry , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Redfern Julie , Hillis Graham S. , Brieger David , Atherton John , Bhindi Ravinay , Chew Derek P. , Collins Nicholas , Andrew Fitzpatrick Michael , Juergens Craig , Kangaharan Nadarajah , Maiorana Andrew , McGrady Michele , Poulter Rohan , Shetty Pratap , Waites Jonathon , Hamilton Craig Christian , Thompson Peter , Stepien Sandrine , Von Huben Amy , Rodgers Anthony ,   on behalf of the TEXTMEDS Investigators*
Published: May 2022

Background:
TEXTMEDS (Text Messages to Improve Medication Adherence and Secondary Prevention After Acute Coronary Syndrome) examined the effects of text message–delivered cardiac education and support on medication adherence after an acute coronary syndrome.

Methods:
TEXTMEDS was a single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of patients after acute coronary syndrome. The control group received usual care (secondary prevention as determined by the treating clinician); the intervention group also received multiple motivational and supportive weekly text messages on medications and healthy lifestyle with the opportunity for 2-way communication (text or telephone). The primary end point of self-reported medication adherence was the percentage of patients who were adherent, defined as >80% adherence to each of up to 5 indicated cardioprotective medications, at both 6 and 12 months.

Results:

A total of 1424 patients (mean age, 58 years [SD, 11]; 79% male) were randomized from 18 Australian public teaching hospitals. There was no significant difference in the primary end point of self-reported medication adherence between the intervention and control groups (relative risk, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.84–1.03];
P
=0.15). There was no difference between intervention and control groups at 12 months in adherence to individual medications (aspirin, 96% vs 96%; β-blocker, 84% vs 84%; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, 77% vs 80%; statin, 95% vs 95%; second antiplatelet, 84% vs 84% [all
P
>0.05]), systolic blood pressure (130 vs 129 mm Hg;
P
=0.26), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.0 vs 1.9 mmol/L;
P
=0.34), smoking (
P
=0.59), or exercising regularly (71% vs 68%;
P
=0.52). There were small differences in lifestyle risk factors in favor of intervention on body mass index <25 kg/m
2
(21% vs 18%;
P
=0.01), eating ≥5 servings per day of vegetables (9% vs 5%;
P
=0.03), and eating ≥2 servings per day of fruit (44% vs 39%;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
A text message–based program had no effect on medical adherence but small effects on lifestyle risk factors.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364448
; Unique identifier: ANZCTR ACTRN12613000793718.
Differences in Performance on Quality Measures for Thrombectomy‐Capable Stroke Centers Compared With Comprehensive Stroke Centers in 2019 to 2020
Authors: Baker David W. , Schmaltz Stephen , Kolbusz Karen , Messé Steven R. , Jauch Edward C. , Schwamm Lee H. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Thrombectomy‐Capable Stroke Center (TSC) certification was created to improve timely access to mechanical thrombectomy (MT), where travel to a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) would entail prolonged transport time. No study has evaluated the quality of MT and stroke care at TSCs compared with CSCs.

Methods
We compared performance for 3 MT measures for all TSCs and CSCs certified by The Joint Commission in 2019 and 2020: (1) time from arrival to skin puncture, (2) the percentage of patients who achieved Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2B perfusion, and (3) the proportion of patients with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation following MT. Wilcoxon ranked‐sum tests and signed‐rank tests were used to compare TSCs and CSCs within years and changes in performance from 2019 to 2020.

Results

The median time from arrival to skin puncture was 75.8 minutes for CSCs compared with 106.1 minutes for TSCs in 2019 (
P
<0.001) and 74.8 minutes for CSCs compared with 91.7 minutes for TSCs in 2020 (
P
<0.001). For TSCs, the median time was 11.2 minutes lower in 2020 compared with 2019 (
P
<0.005). There were no differences in the median proportion of patients who had

Thrombolysis

in

Cerebral

Infarction

≥

${\text{Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction}} \ge $

2b perfusion achieved for CSCs compared with TSCs in 2019 (85.2% versus 84.3%, respectively;
P
=0.87) or 2020 (86.9% versus 88.6%, respectively;
P
=0.73). Rates of symptomatic hemorrhagic complications were similar.

Conclusions
Times from arrival to skin puncture were longer at TSCs compared with CSCs, although this difference narrowed significantly in 2020. This improvement and the similar rates of successful MT and complications at TSCs and CSCs support current recommendations to transport patients with suspected large‐vessel occlusion to a TSC if a CSC is >30 minutes longer transport time. However, routing decisions for suspected large‐vessel occlusion must be made at a local level based on the performance data for TSCs and CSCs.
Hypothesis Test and Confidence Analysis With Wasserstein Distance on General Dimension
Authors: Imaizumi Masaaki , Ota Hirofumi , Hamaguchi Takuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe develop a general framework for statistical inference with the 1-Wasserstein distance. Recently, the Wasserstein distance has attracted considerable attention and has been widely applied to various machine learning tasks because of its excellent properties. However, hypothesis tests and a confidence analysis for it have not been established in a general multivariate setting. This is because the limit distribution of the empirical distribution with the Wasserstein distance is unavailable without strong restriction. To address this problem, in this study, we develop a novel nonasymptotic gaussian approximation for the empirical 1-Wasserstein distance. Using the approximation method, we develop a hypothesis test and confidence analysis for the empirical 1-Wasserstein distance. We also provide a theoretical guarantee and an efficient algorithm for the proposed approximation. Our experiments validate its performance numerically.
Population risk profile analysis of acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Al-Tawil Mohammed , Geragotellis Alexander , Jubouri Matti , Tan Sven ZCP , Mohammed Idhrees , Williams Ian , Bashir Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

Background Uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (unTBAD) comprises the estimated majority of type B aortic dissection (TBAD), presenting without any of the complications associated with complicated TBAD (coTBAD). Although first-line treatment for coTBAD is thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and despite the fact that TEVAR has proven its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of unTBAD, unTBAD is still being predominantly managed conservatively with medical therapy, with a small proportion of patients being offered TEVAR. Aims The main scope of this review is to highlight the evidence in the literature of the demographic characteristics and associated co-morbidities of unTBAD patients undergoing TEVAR in order to produce a risk stratification system to achieve favourable outcomes. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and EMBASE. Results Multiple demographic characteristics and associated co-morbidities of unTBAD patients affecting TEVAR outcomes were identified, assessed, and investigated, including age, gender, race, genetics, medical conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, and lifestyle factors such as smoking. Most factors were associated with increased risks of mortality and morbidity, while others, such as race, were identified as being protective against those when it comes to TEVAR. Conclusion Despite the favourable results yielded by TEVAR in unTBAD, there remains a grey area concerning its management. Thus, it is important to incorporate the demographics and co-morbidities of unTBAD patients’ when into clinical judgement when assessing indications for TEVAR intervention to ensure optimum results can be achieved.