bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial etiology and risk factors among newborns suspected of sepsis at Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Endale , Fenta Demissie Assegu , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs at an early age. Its etiology varies from one region to the other. The contribution of sepsis to neonatal mortality and morbidity is significant in resource-limited countries; however, there is limited information about the etiology of sepsis in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial caused newborn sepsis, associated factors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria. A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 sepsis suspected newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 2021 to November 2021. Blood specimens were collected and bacteria were isolated using the standard culture method. The drug resistance profile of bacteria was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The socio-demographic and clinical parameters of participants were gathered using a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the determinants of sepsis. A variable with a p < 0.05 was considered a significant determinant of neonatal sepsis with a 95% confidence level. The prevalence of sepsis caused by bacteria among newborns was 143 (36.5%); 95% CI (31.3–41.4). The predominant bacteria was Klebsiella species (n = 61; 42.65%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (n = 27; 18.88%) and Enterococcus species (n = 26; 18.18%). The overall proportions of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria range from 10.2 to 99.1%. All Klebsiella species were resistant to ceftriaxone. Ppremature rupture of membrane [AOR = 12.7 (95% CI 6.430–25.106)], absence of respiratory support [AOR = 3.53 (95% CI 1.840–6.759)], sex of newborns [AOR = 2.10 (1.214–3.560)] and reason for admission [AOR = 3.17 (95% CI 1.278–7.859)] were significantly associated with culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. This study indicated the contribution of bacteria in causing sepsis among newborns; the majority of them were Gram-negative bacteria. Most recovered bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Pre-term, mode of delivery and types of respiratory support were significantly associated with the occurrence of sepsis caused by bacteria.
Suicide trends among Australian construction workers during years 2001–2019
Authors: Maheen Humaira , Taouk Yamna , LaMontagne Anthony D. , Spittal Matthew , King Tania 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn many Western countries, including Australia, construction workers have been identified as being at elevated risk of suicide compared to other workers. A variety of suicide prevention initiatives have been implemented and expanded to reduce suicide in this occupational group; however, the net effect of these is unknown. Using 19 years of national suicide data, this study examined the suicide mortality of Australian male construction workers relative to all other working males, and compared suicide rates over time between the two groups. Age-standardized suicide rates were calculated for construction workers and those employed in other occupations. 2001–2019 trends in age-standardized rates of suicide mortality were analyzed by joinpoint regression analysis. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) measure was calculated for both groups to quantify change over time within each group, complemented by a pair-wise AAPC comparison of changes in trends between the two groups over the 2001–2019 period. Australian male construction workers' overall age-standardized suicide rate was 26.6 per 100,000 persons compared to 13.2 per 100,000 for male workers employed in other occupations (pooled over the entire 2001–2019 period). Over time, the suicide mortality rate declined in both construction workers and those working in other occupations; however, the decline in suicide mortality was greater in construction workers (AAPC: −3.0; 95%CI −4.0, −2.0) compared to other workers (AAPC: 1.5; 95%CI −2.1, −1.0). The AAPC pair-wise comparison showed a significant difference between the rate of decline among construction versus other workers over the 19-year study period (AAPC: −1.4; 95%CI 0.4, 2.5), confirming a rapid decline among construction versus other male workers. This study provides evidence of a decline in suicide rates among Australian construction workers over the last two decades. This decline may be attributable to the combined effects of population-wide, male-specific, and sector-specific suicide prevention efforts over this same period, suggesting that the continuation or expansion of such efforts may lead to further declines.
Ascorbic acid does not necessarily interfere with the electrochemical detection of dopamine
Authors: Rantataro Samuel , Ferrer Pascual Laura , Laurila Tomi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is widely stated that ascorbic acid (AA) interferes with the electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, because of their overlapping oxidation potentials on typical electrode materials. As the concentration of AA is several orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of neurotransmitters, detection of neurotransmitters is difficult in the presence of AA and requires either highly stable AA concentration or highly selective neurotransmitter sensors. In contrast to the common opinion, we show that AA does not always interfere electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters. The decay of AA is rapid in cell culture medium, having a half-time of 2.1 hours, according to which the concentration decreases by 93% in 8 hours and by 99.75% in 18 hours. Thus, AA is eventually no longer detected by electrodes and the concentration of neurotransmitters can be effectively monitored. To validate this claim, we used unmodified single-wall carbon nanotube electrode to measure dopamine at physiologically relevant concentration range (25–1000 nM) from human midbrain organoid medium with highly linear response. Finally, AA is known to affect dopamine oxidation current through regeneration of dopamine, which complicates precise detection of small amounts of dopamine. By designing experiments as described here, this complication can be completely eliminated.
Retinal Layer Separation (ReLayS) method enables the molecular analysis of photoreceptor segments and cell bodies, as well as the inner retina
Authors: Todorova Vyara , Merolla Luca , Karademir Duygu , Wögenstein Gabriele M. , Behr Julian , Ebner Lynn J. A. , Samardzija Marijana , Grimm Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the physiology of the retina, and especially of the highly polarized photoreceptors, is essential not only to broaden our knowledge of the processes required for normal vision, but also to develop effective therapies to prevent or slow retinal degenerative diseases. However, the molecular analysis of photoreceptors is a challenge due to the heterogeneity of the retinal tissue and the lack of easy and reliable methods for cell separation. Here we present the ReLayS method—a simple technique for the separation of photoreceptor segments (PS) containing both inner and outer segments, outer nuclear layer (ONL), and inner retina (InR) that contains the remaining retinal layers. The layer-specific material isolated from a mouse half-retina with the ReLayS method was sufficient for protein isolation and Western blotting or RNA isolation and real-time PCR studies. The separation of PS, ONL, and InR was successfully validated by Western blotting and real-time PCR using proteins and genes with known expression profiles within the retina. Furthermore, the separation of the PS from the ONL enabled the detection of light-driven translocation of transducin from the PS to the soma. ReLayS is a simple and useful method to address protein and possibly metabolites distribution in photoreceptor compartments in various situations including development, ageing, and degenerative diseases.
GltS regulates biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Shibamura-Fujiogi Miho , Wang Xiaogang , Maisat Wiriya , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Li Yunan , Chen Yue , Lee Jean C. , Yuki Koichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiofilm-based infection is a major healthcare burden. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of major organisms responsible for biofilm infection. Although biofilm is induced by a number of environmental signals, the molecule responsible for environmental sensing is not well delineated. Here we examined the role of ion transporters in biofilm formation and found that the sodium-glutamate transporter gltS played an important role in biofilm formation in MRSA. This was shown by gltS transposon mutant as well as its complementation. The lack of exogenous glutamate also enhanced biofilm formation in JE2 strain. The deficiency of exogenous glutamate intake accelerated endogenous glutamate/glutamine production, which led to the activation of the urea cycle. We also showed that urea cycle activation was critical for biofilm formation. In conclusion, we showed that gltS was a critical regulator of biofilm formation by controlling the intake of exogenous glutamate. An intervention to target glutamate intake may be a potential useful approach against biofilm.
Comparison of artificial intelligence and human-based prediction and stratification of the risk of long-term kidney allograft failure
Authors: Divard Gillian , Raynaud Marc , Tatapudi Vasishta S. , Abdalla Basmah , Bailly Elodie , Assayag Maureen , Binois Yannick , Cohen Raphael , Zhang Huanxi , Ulloa Camillo , Linhares Kamila , Tedesco Helio S. , Legendre Christophe , Jouven Xavier , Montgomery Robert A. , Lefaucheur Carmen , Aubert Olivier , Loupy Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical decisions are mainly driven by the ability of physicians to apply risk stratification to patients. However, this task is difficult as it requires complex integration of numerous parameters and is impacted by patient heterogeneity. We sought to evaluate the ability of transplant physicians to predict the risk of long-term allograft failure and compare them to a validated artificial intelligence (AI) prediction algorithm.

Methods
We randomly selected 400 kidney transplant recipients from a qualified dataset of 4000 patients. For each patient, 44 features routinely collected during the first-year post-transplant were compiled in an electronic health record (EHR). We enrolled 9 transplant physicians at various career stages. At 1-year post-transplant, they blindly predicted the long-term graft survival with probabilities for each patient. Their predictions were compared with those of a validated prediction system (iBox). We assessed the determinants of each physician’s prediction using a random forest survival model.

Results
Among the 400 patients included, 84 graft failures occurred at 7 years post-evaluation. The iBox system demonstrates the best predictive performance with a discrimination of 0.79 and a median calibration error of 5.79%, while physicians tend to overestimate the risk of graft failure. Physicians’ risk predictions show wide heterogeneity with a moderate intraclass correlation of 0.58. The determinants of physicians’ prediction are disparate, with poor agreement regardless of their clinical experience.

Conclusions
This study shows the overall limited performance and consistency of physicians to predict the risk of long-term graft failure, demonstrated by the superior performances of the iBox. This study supports the use of a companion tool to help physicians in their prognostic judgement and decision-making in clinical care.
Single phase line‐broken fault detection and location based on differential voltage in radial distribution network
Authors: Chang Zhongxue , Zeng Zhihao , Dou Minna , Zhang Zhihua , Song Guobing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle phase line‐broken (SPLB) fault is one kind of high impedance fault (HIF). When a SPLB fault occurs, there are four scenarios: SPLB fault with neither side conductors grounded (SPLB‐NSCG), with source side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐SSCG), with load side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐LSCG), with both side conductors grounded (SPLB‐BSCG). Traditional HIF detection methods using current or voltage characteristics have low sensitivity to SPLB fault. In this paper, voltage characteristics are analysed firstly in the cases of the first three scenarios of SPLB fault, respectively. Theoretical analysis finds that the voltage at both the sides of the disconnection point is significantly different. A high sensitive SPLB fault detection method based on differential voltage is proposed for radial distribution network with different data synchronization ability. Finally, SPLB fault location methods based on centralized intelligent mode feeder automation (FA) and intelligent distributed mode FA are proposed. Simulations based on PSCAD verify that the proposed SPLB fault detection method is feasible, highly sensitive and immune to the neutral grounded mode, fault scenarios and fault resistance.
Fast and fault‐tolerant model predictive control of MMCs under selective harmonic elimination
Authors: Mohammadhassani Ardavan , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a suitable pulse‐width modulation (PWM) technique for some applications of modular multilevel converters (MMC) with lower number of semiconductor submodules (SM). However, SHE can make it difficult to control circulating currents in the MMC. Moreover, the MMC is vulnerable to SM switch failures that reduce its output power magnitude and quality. This paper proposes a fault‐tolerant model predictive control strategy for MMCs operating with SHE (FT SHE‐MPC). The effects of switch failure on phase voltage waveforms are studied first. Then, a method is proposed to design the FT SHE waveform to preserve its harmonic performance. Next, the proposed FT SHE‐MPC is designed to increase the capacitor voltages during an SM failure to maintain the fundamental component of the faulty phase voltage and control the circulating currents, maintaining balance among line voltages and the output power of the MMC. Additionally, the proposed method offers as much as 60% faster FT transition time and as much as 36% lower capacitor voltage ripple. The advantages of the proposed method are verified through offline and real‐time simulation studies on a three‐phase nine‐level MMC in PSCAD/EMTDC software and RTDS.
The anti‐cancer effect of chitosan/resveratrol polymeric nanocomplex against triple‐negative breast cancer; an in vitro assessment
Authors: Bozorgi Azam , Haghighi Zahra , Khazaei Mohammad Rasool , Bozorgi Maryam , Khazaei Mozafar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, the authors synthesised chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) as a resveratrol (RSV) carrier and evaluated their efficacy in stimulating apoptosis in MDA‐MB 231 cells. Blank (Cs NPs) and RSV‐ Cs NPs (RSV‐Cs NPs) were synthesised via ionic gelation and characterised by using fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering/Zeta potential and RSV release. MDA‐MB 231 cells were treated with RSV, Cs NPs and RSV‐Cs NPs (24, 48, and 72 h), followed by the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell toxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore apoptosis induction. FTIR spectra confirmed the NPs via the formation of cross‐linking bonds. Cs and RSV‐Cs NPs sizes were about 75 and 198 nm with 14 and 24 mV zeta potentials. The RSV entrapment efficiency was 52.34 ± 0.16%, with an early rapid release followed by a sustained manner. Cs and RSV‐Cs NPs inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations and IC50 values. RSV‐Cs NPs had the most cytotoxic effect and stimulated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, indicated by increased Bcl‐2‐associated x (BAX), BAX/Bcl‐2 ratio, P53 expressions, reduced Bcl‐2 and upregulated caspases 3, 8 and 9. RSV‐Cs NPs have a great potential to suppress invasive breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting mitochondrial metabolism and inducing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Ulnare Karpustranslation – unsere Erfahrungen
Authors: Pilny Jaroslav , Slodicka Roman , Kachlík David , Horácková Katerina , Hájek Petr 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie ulnare Translation des Karpus (UT) ist eine seltene und oft
übersehene Verletzung. Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrung
punkto Diagnostik und Therapie aus der Behandlung von 8 Patienten mit einer
drohenden (5), manifesten (1) respektive chronischen UT (2).
Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle Preparation and Its Protective
Effect on Celecoxib-induced Toxicity in Rat isolated Cardiomyocytes and
Mitochondria
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Esmaeli Samira , Khezri Saleh , Salimi Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurcumin has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory and tissue protective. In here we hypothesized that
curcumin-loaded chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles (CuCsSLN) are able to
increase its overall bioavailability and hence its antioxidant and
mitochondria;/lysosomal protective properties of curcumin. CuCsSLN were
prepared using solvent diffusion technique for formation of solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLNs) and electrostatic coating of positive-charged chitosan to
negative surface of SLNs. CuCsSLN showed the encapsulation efficiency of
91.4±2.7%, the mean particle size of 208±9 nm,
the polydispersity index of 0.34±0.07, and the zeta potential
of+53.5±3.7 mV. The scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images of nanoparticles verified their nanometric size and also spherical shape.
Curcumin was released from CuCsSLN in a sustain release pattern up to
24 hours. Then isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were
simultaneously treated with (1) control (0.05% ethanol), (2) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml) treatment, (3) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml)+++CuCsSLN
(1 µg/ml) treatment, (4) CuCsSLN
(1 µg/ml) treatment, (5) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml)+++curcumin
(10 µM) treatment and (6) curcumin (10 µM)
treatment for 4 h at 37°C. The results showed that celecoxib
(20 µg/ml) induced a significant increase in
cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondria membrane
potential (ΔΨm) collapse, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress
and mitochondrial swelling while CuCsSLN and curcumin reverted the above toxic
effect of celecoxib. Our data indicated that the effect of CuCsSLN in a number
of experiments, is significantly better than that of curcumin which shows the
role of chitosan nanoparticles in increasing effect of curcumin.
Application of Halogen-Bonding Catalysis for Markovnikov-Type Hydrothiolation of Alkenes
Authors: Sun Zhankui , Zhang Xue , Liang Nuoyu , Li Ruining 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon–sulfur bond-formation reactions are applied widely in organic synthesis and chemical biology. Hydrothiolation of alkenes provides a direct way to build carbon–sulfur bonds. Most known methods proceed via radical processes and result in anti-Markovnikov-type products. Herein, we demonstrate that I2 catalyzes the hydrothiolation of alkenes and provides Markovnikov-type products in good to excellent yields. Titration studies revealed that thiol was activated by I2 through halogen bonding. This metal-free reaction has advantages such as green and mild conditions, high functionality tolerance, broad substrate scope, and atom economy. Its application was further demonstrated in peptide syntheses.
Novel Applications of Concentrated Growth Factors in Facial Rejuvenation and Plastic Surgery
Authors: Li Guo , Wang Hang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConcentrated growth factor (CGF), which is a third-generation platelet concentrate product, exhibits good potential for repair and regeneration of soft and hard tissues, and has gradually attracted attention in the field of cosmetic plastic surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and research of CGF in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. A comprehensive review of the literature about the applications of CGF in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 articles were included in this review. In recent years, CGF has been applied in many aspects in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery, including skin photoaging, repairment of soft-tissue defects, rhinoplasty, hair loss, autologous fat transplantation, and scars. In addition, no significant adverse reactions have been reported so far. CGF is rich in high-concentration growth factors, which has great potential and application prospects in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. However, the applications of CGF still have some problems, such as the mechanism, time of decomposition, and long-term efficacy and safety, which are needed to be resolved in future.
Management of Wide Alar Lobule Using Preservation Rhinoplasty Philosophy: Alar Coring Technique
Authors: Abdulraheem Maryam Hassan A. H. , Ng Chew Lip , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA broad alar base disrupts nasal harmony and facial aesthetic balance and is an aesthetic concern for many patients. This wide appearance may be related to excessive nostril sill, alar flare, wide alar lobule, or a combination. Many techniques are described in literature to address the alar base with resultant scars to a variable degree. Management of alar lobule thickness is particularly challenging. Our technique presented here introduces a novel method to reduce the thickness of the alar lobule with excellent aesthetic outcome.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Non-COVID Neurosurgical Patients: Lessons Learned
Authors: Arora Rajnish Kumar , Shakya Jitendra , Pannem Rajkumar , Sharma Suresh , Sadhasivam Saravanan , Rawat Vikram Singh , Rekhapalli Rajashekhar , Sihag Rakesh Kumar , Mittal Radhey Shyam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the basic functioning of the health care system. There has been an adverse impact on non-COVID-19 patients due to a shift in healthcare delivery, which is underreported. This study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on various aspects of non-COVID neurosurgical patients.
Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a structured questionnaire to assess the physical, economic, and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on neurosurgical patients presenting to our hospital after a nationwide lockdown.
Results Among 203 patients, non-neurotrauma and neurotrauma cases were 175 (86%) and 28 (16%), respectively. Among non-neurotrauma patients, 130 (64%) patients had cranial pathology. All 56 (27.6%) preoperative patients experienced rescheduling of surgery. Among 52 postsurgical patients, 47 (90%) had their adjuvant therapy delayed. Forty patients experienced deterioration in their neurological symptoms. Seventy-six (37%) patients sought medical attention from private hospitals. A severe contraction of income (≥ 25% of the income before lockdown) was experienced by families of 29 (14.3%) patients. Severe and very severe stress have been experienced by 24 (11.8%) and 14 (6.9%) patients, respectively. Severe and very severe anxiety was experienced by 32 (15.8%) and 9 (4.4%) patients.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown had a tremendous impact on the physical, social, and psychological well-being of patients with non-COVID illnesses. We are yet to face the long-term implications of the delay due to this pandemic in scheduled surgical and adjuvant treatments of non-COVID neurosurgical patients.