bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm neonates with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, a systematic review
Authors: Mullaly Rachel , McCallion Naomi , El‐Khuffash Afif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo perform a systematic literature review to determine the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on oxygenation, mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and early hypoxaemic respiratory failure (HRF).MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, Zetoc and ProQuest were searched. Studies including neonates <34 weeks’ gestation with PPROM, oligohydramnios or pulmonary hypoplasia and HRF in the first 28 days of life treated with iNO were included. Studies were critically appraised and assessed for potential risk of bias using standardised checklists.ResultsSix hundred and two records remained after duplicates were removed. Seven studies were included in the critical appraisal process. Quality of available evidence was very low to low. Six studies described an improvement in oxygenation after commencement of iNO. One hundred and three of 284 (36%) neonates exposed to iNO died. Seventy‐seven of 92 (84%) neonates that had an echocardiogram performed before commencement of iNO had pulmonary hypertension (PH) present.ConclusioniNO may improve oxygenation when standard care fails. Improvement in oxygenation is likely associated with increase in survival. Survival may lead to an increase in morbidity. Efficacy of iNO in this cohort is likely secondary to relatively high prevalence of PH.
Genetic liability to bipolar disorder and body mass index: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Byg Lars Meinertz , Speed Maria , Speed Doug , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder is associated with increased body mass index (BMI), but it remains undetermined if this association is causal and, if so, in which direction it goes. Here, we sought to answer these questions using bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization, a method from genetic epidemiology that uses data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to examine whether a risk factor is causal for an outcomeMethodsWe used summary statistics from GWAS of bipolar disorder and BMI conducted using data collected by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the UK Biobank, respectively. The genetic instrument for bipolar disorder contained 53 SNPs and explained 0.5% of phenotypic variance, while the genetic instrument for BMI contained 517 SNPs and explained 7.1% of phenotypic varianceResultsOur findings suggest that genetic liability to bipolar disorder reduces BMI (slope from Egger regression = −0.195, p = 0.004). It follows that a twofold increase in the genetic liability to bipolar disorder leads to a 0.6 (kg/m2) reduction in BMI, predominantly driven by reduced fat mass. Conversely, we found no evidence that BMI causes changes in the risk of developing bipolar disorderConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the increased BMI observed among individuals with bipolar disorder is not a direct consequence of genetic liability to bipolar disorder, but may more likely represent the sum of downstream correlates of manifest bipolar disorder, such as side effects of pharmacological treatment, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. As these factors are all modifiable, they can be targeted as part of clinical management
Review: School‐based mental health literacy interventions to promote help‐seeking – a systematic review
Authors: Ma Karen Kei Yan , Burn Anne‐Marie , Anderson Joanna K. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSchool‐based mental health literacy interventions aim to prevent mental disorders and promote mental wellbeing through improving the knowledge and understanding of mental health, mental disorders, and reducing stigma. Evidence suggests that good mental health literacy helps young people recognise mental health difficulties in themselves and in others, and seek help for mental health problems. Improved help‐seeking can allow for early intervention, which prevents the progression of mental disorders and ultimately reduces the burden of mental disorders. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of school‐based mental health literacy interventions in improving help‐seeking outcomes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, British Education Index and ASSIA (June 2020). Additional searches were conducted a year later to identify any new publications (June 2021). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness or cost‐effectiveness of school‐based interventions to improve help‐seeking outcomes for children and young people aged 4–18 years. Included studies were critically appraised.ResultsWe identified 11 studies investigating help‐seeking outcomes of school‐based mental health literacy interventions including a total of 7066 participants from 66 secondary schools. Overall, there is no strong evidence for the effectiveness of school‐based mental health literacy interventions in improving help‐seeking outcomes, including general attitudes towards help‐seeking, personal intentions to seek help, knowledge of when and how to seek help for mental disorders, confidence to seek help, and actual help‐seeking behaviours. None of the studies investigated the cost‐effectiveness of the interventions.ConclusionThe lack of standardised measures with established reliability and validity for help‐seeking outcomes, and the incomprehensive consideration of the multi‐faceted concepts of MH literacy and MH stigma have contributed to the scarcity of evidence for the effectiveness. Future research should focus on developing standardised measurement tools and including economic evaluations to understand pragmatic and financial aspects of school‐based mental health literacy interventions.
Deep brain stimulation improves electroencephalogram functional connectivity of patients with minimally conscious state
Authors: Dang Yuanyuan , Wang Yong , Xia Xiaoyu , Yang Yi , Bai Yang , Zhang Jianning , He Jianghong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a potential neuromodulatory therapy that enhances recovery from disorders of consciousness, especially minimally conscious state (MCS). This study measured the effects of DBS on the brain and explored the underlying mechanisms of DBS on MCS.MethodsNine patients with MCS were recruited for this study. The neuromodulation effects of 100 Hz DBS were explored via cross‐control experiments. Coma Recovery Scale‐Revised (CRS‐R) and EEG were recorded, and corresponding functional connectivity and network parameters were calculated.ResultsOur results showed that 100 Hz DBS could improve the functional connectivity of the whole, local and local–local brain regions, while no significant change in EEG functional connectivity was observed in sham DBS. The whole brain's network parameters (clustering coefficient, path length, and small world characteristic) were significantly improved. In addition, a significant increase in the CRS‐R and functional connectivity of three MCS patients who received 100 Hz DBS for 6 months were observed.ConclusionThis study showed that DBS improved EEG functional connectivity and brain networks, indicating that the long‐term use of DBS could improve the level of consciousness of MCS patients.
Hippocampus‐prefrontal cortex inputs modulate spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture
Authors: Ge Cheng‐Long , Chen Wei , Zhang Li‐Na , Ai Yu‐Hang , Zou Yu , Peng Qian‐Yi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) often leads to cognitive impairments. However, the pathophysiology of SAE is complex and unclear. Here, we investigated the role of hippocampus (HPC)‐prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive dysfunction in sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in mice.MethodsThe neural projections from the HPC to PFC were first identified via retrograde tracing and viral expression. Chemogenetic activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway was shown via immunofluorescent staining of c‐Fos‐positive neurons in PFC. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Barnes maze (BM) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression of glutamate receptors and related molecules in PFC and HPC.ResultsChemogenetic activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway enhanced cognitive dysfunction in CLP‐induced septic mice. Glutamate receptors mediated the effects of HPC‐PFC pathway activation in CLP mice. The activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway resulted in significantly increased levels of NMDAR, AMPAR, and downstream signaling molecules including CaMKIIa, pCREB, and BDNF in PFC. However, inhibition of glutamate receptors using 2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐nitro‐7‐sulphamoyl‐benzo (F)quinoxaline (NBQX), which is an α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR inhibitor), or D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate (D‐AP5), which is an NMDA receptor antagonist abolished this increase.ConclusionOur study reveals the important role of the HPC‐PFC pathway in improving cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of CLP sepsis and provides a novel pathogenetic mechanism for SAE.
RNA‐binding protein DHX9 promotes glioma growth and tumor‐associated macrophages infiltration via TCF12
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhou Xuelan , Cheng Shan , Ge Yuyuan , Chen Baomin , Shi Jia , Li Haoran , Li Suwen , Li Yongdong , Yuan Jiaqi , Wu Anyi , Liu Xinglei , Huang Shilu , Xu Zhipeng , Dong Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with high heterogeneity, strong invasiveness, high therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis, comprehending a serious challenge in neuro‐oncology. Until now, the mechanisms underlying glioma progression have not been fully elucidated.MethodsThe expression of DExH‐box helicase 9 (DHX9) in tissues and cells was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. EdU and transwell assays were conducted to assess the effect of DHX9 on proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Cocultured model was used to evaluate the role of DHX9 on macrophages recruitment and polarization. Animal study was performed to explore the role of DHX9 on macrophages recruitment and polarization in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐qPCR assay was used to explore the relation between DHX9 and TCF12/CSF1.ResultsDHX9 was elevated in gliomas, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Besides promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, DHX9 facilitated the infiltration of macrophages into glioma tissues and polarization to M2‐like macrophages, known as tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). DHX9 silencing decreased the expression of colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), which partially restored the inhibitory effect on malignant progress of glioma and infiltration of TAMs caused by DHX9 knockdown by targeting the transcription factor 12 (TCF12). Moreover, TCF12 could directly bind to the promoter region of CSF1.ConclusionDHX9/TCF12/CSF1 axis regulated the increases in the infiltration of TAMs to promote glioma progression and might be a novel potential target for future immune therapies against gliomas.
Treatment side affects exercising microvascular oxygenation response in active breast cancer survivors: A pilot study
Authors: Cayot Trent E. , Herbert Brooklyn , Klika Riggs J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer treatment is associated with cardiovascular toxicity, skeletal muscle dysfunction and interruptions in mitochondrial respiration. Microvascular oxygenation responses, measured via near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), at peak exercise intensity has previously been associated with aerobic capacity. Specifically, the greater magnitude of microvascular deoxygenation observed at peak exercise intensity has been associated with higher aerobic capacity. Therefore, a pilot study investigated if diagnosis side (uninvolved side, treatment side) and/or exercise side (paddle side, non‐paddle side) affected microvascular oxygenation responses at peak intensity during paddle exercise. Thirty‐three breast cancer survivors (age = 57 ± 9 years, height = 1.64 ± 0.05 m, weight = 76.5 ± 15.6 kg, 7 ± 7 years since treatment) who also competed as dragon boat racers performed a unilateral (paddle), discontinuous graded exercise test (2‐min exercise, 1‐min rest) on a rowing ergometer to volitional fatigue. Tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2DIFF) and total haemoglobin concentration (total[heme]DIFF) responses at peak exercise intensity were measured bilaterally from the posterior deltoids using NIRS. Two‐way analysis of variance determined if diagnosis side and/or exercise side effected StO2DIFF or total[heme]DIFF. Diagnosis side elicited a moderate effect (effect size = 0.66) on StO2DIFF, as the treatment side deoxygenated less (−6.0 ± 14.7 ∆BSL) compared to the uninvolved side (−16.9 ± 16.9 ∆BSL) at peak exercise intensity. No other significant main effects or interactions were observed for StO2DIFF or total[heme]DIFF. The pilot findings suggest that the ability of the exercising muscle to use oxygen for the purpose of mitochondrial oxidative respiration may be impaired on the treatment side.
In vitro and in vivo gene transfer in the cloudy catshark Scyliorhinus torazame
Authors: Fujimori Chika , Umatani Chie , Chimura Misaki , Ijiri Shigeho , Bando Hisanori , Hyodo Susumu , Kanda Shinji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCartilaginous fishes have various unique physiological features such as a cartilaginous skeleton and a urea‐based osmoregulation strategy for adaptation to their marine environment. Also, because they are a sister group of bony vertebrates, understanding their unique features is important from an evolutionary perspective. However, genetic engineering based on gene functions as well as cellular behavior has not been effectively utilized in cartilaginous fishes. This is partly because their reproductive strategy involves internal fertilization, which results in difficulty in microinjection into fertilized eggs at the early developmental stage. Here, to identify efficient gene transfer methods in cartilaginous fishes, we examined the effects of various methods both in vitro and in vivo using the cloudy catshark, a candidate model cartilaginous fish species. In all methods, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was used to evaluate exogenous gene transfer. First, we examined gene transfer into primary cultured cells from cloudy catshark embryos by lipofection, polyethylenimine (PEI) transfection, adenovirus infection, baculovirus infection, and electroporation. Among the methods tested, lipofection, electroporation, and baculovirus infection enabled the successful transfer of exogenous genes into primary cultured cells. We then attempted in vivo transfection into cloudy catshark embryos by electroporation and baculovirus infection. Although baculovirus‐injected groups did not show GFP fluorescence, electroporation successfully introduced GFP into muscle cells. Furthermore, we succeeded in GFP transfer into adult tissues by electroporation. The in vitro and in vivo gene transfer methods that worked in this study may open ways for genetic manipulation including knockout experiments and cellular lineage analysis in cartilaginous fishes.
The cross‐section of routine practice of echocardiographic diastolic evaluation in atrial fibrillation in a community hospital: A quality improvement project
Authors: Yang Ji Hyun , Dani Sourbha S. , Kim Seong Yoon , Kinzfogl George , Davidson Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in the context of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been controversial and can be challenging and labor‐intensive. We aimed to assess the actual practice of diastolic evaluation in AF in our community hospital echocardiography laboratory and to improve clinical performance by a quality improvement project.MethodsWe reviewed 244 echocardiograms in patients with AF at the time of echocardiography from November 2019 to November 2020 (pre‐intervention phase). We classified cases into a complete versus incomplete evaluation group according to the completeness of diastolic parameter measurement. After an educational intervention, we reviewed 68 echocardiograms in patients with AF from August 2021 to October 2021 (post‐intervention phase).ResultsOur results demonstrated an improvement in a complete diastolic assessment from 69% to 91% after intervention (p < .001). In the pre‐intervention phase, the four parameters (mitral inflow pulsed wave Doppler image, left atrium volume index, mitral annular tissue Doppler image [TDI], and tricuspid regurgitation Vmax), mitral annular TDI was not acquired in 71 out of 244 cases (29.1%) and those cases were classified as incomplete evaluation group. Interestingly, in the pre‐intervention phase, 57 out of 162 cases (35%) with preserved EF (≥50%) received significantly more incomplete diastolic evaluation than 14 out of 82 patients (17%) with reduced EF (<50%) (p = .004). There were no statistically significant differences in age, BMI, the reason for requesting echocardiography, and patient level of care between the complete and incomplete evaluation groups. In the post‐intervention phase, completeness of diastolic measurement in AF was significantly improved compared to the pre‐intervention phase (29% vs. 9%, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionA quality improvement project effectively improved the clinical performance of diastolic evaluation in AF in our community echocardiography laboratory. After the intervention, we decreased an incomplete evaluation from 30% to 9%. More efforts should be needed to increase awareness and familiarity in evaluating diastolic function in AF.
Alpha‐klotho and peritoneal membrane status: A hypothesis generating study
Authors: Branco Patrícia , Martins Ana Rita , Calça Rita , Mateus Catarina , Jervis Maria João , Rodrigues Anabela , Lopes Sofia Azeredo , Civantos Ester , Mas‐Fontao Sebastian , Gaspar Augusta , Ramos Sância , Morello Judit , Gomes Daniel Pinto , Pereira Sofia Azeredo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term success of peritoneal dialysis relies on the integrity of the peritoneal membrane. This proof‐of‐concept study addressed the hypothesis that fibrosis is already present in the membrane at pre‐dialysis and that the membrane status is related to the individual's uraemic fingerprint.MethodsA clinical‐mechanistic, transversal, single‐centre study was conducted. Pre‐dialysis peritoneal biopsies were scored considering the submesothelial compact zone thickness (STM), vasculopathy and inflammation. We investigated if the membrane status could be inferred from a panel of proteins (α‐Klotho, Galectin‐3, FGF21, FGF23, Tweak, TNFα and hsPCR) in blood.ResultsA total 58 incident patients aged 56 ± 15 years old were included, 31% female, 55% hypertension, 29% diabetic and 24% obese. Person‐to‐person STM was found to be highly variable and 38% of patients were fibrosis positive. Both α‐Klotho (Spearman r = −.7491, p < 0.001) and FGF21 (Spearman r = −.5102, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with STM. α‐Klotho, but not FGF21, was able to discriminate fibrosis from nonfibrosis with/without inflammation and vasculopathy. PLS models identified α‐Klotho as the protein most relevant for fibrosis. α‐Klotho was independently associated with fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane (OR = .991 (.896–.997), p = 0.002).ConclusionBefore the start of dialysis in incident patients, some patients already present fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane and other patients do not. Our findings suggest that α‐Klotho may be implicated in fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane.
The paradox of family support for young mothers: An interpretive phenomenology analysis
Authors: McGregor Casey M. , Arditti Joyce A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to illuminant the lived experiences of becoming a mother during adolescence within the context of multigenerational family caregiving.BackgroundAdolescence is a developmental time frame during which identity formation is most salient and characterized by separation from parents (Erikson, 1968). Teenage childbearing, then, presents a unique scenario during which adolescent mothers and their families may need to renegotiate autonomy and caregiving roles.MethodQualitative methods, and interpretive phenomenological analysis, were utilized to explore the lived experiences of nine women who became mothers before the age of 19 years. Mothers were recruited from rural, Central Appalachian regions in the United States.ResultsWe identified the essence of young mothers' lived experiences regarding their receipt of caregiving during the transition to parenthood as an adolescent. Mothers equated instrumental and emotional support from family with their own “lovability” and interpreted support as indicative of their evolving competence as mothers.ConclusionsYoung motherhood appeared to be a developmental paradox in that their adolescent identity conflicted with their maternal identity.ImplicationsYoung mothers would benefit from multilevel interventions. Instead, practitioners might consider supporting whole families of young mothers by providing the means to create a healthy, supportive environment for the mother and her offspring.
Mean annual temperature and carbon availability respectively controlled the contributions of bacterial and fungal residues to organic carbon accumulation in topsoil across China's forests
Authors: Zhao Xuechao , Tian Peng , Liu Shengen , Yin Pan , Sun Zhaolin , Wang Qingkui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimSoil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization has become an important topic in recent years in the context of global climate change. Microbial residues represent a significant component of stabilized SOC pools. However, spatial variations in the contributions of bacterial and fungal residues to SOC and their determinants at a continental scale remain poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the spatial variations and controls of the contributions of microbial residues to SOC in forest topsoil.LocationNorth–south transect in eastern China.Time period2014.Major taxa studiedForest ecosystems.MethodsA total of 195 surface (0–10 cm) soils were sampled from 28 forest sites across tropical and boreal forests in eastern China from July to August to assess how biotic and abiotic factors govern the geographic patterns of the contributions of soil microbial residues (indicated by amino sugars) to SOC.ResultsFungal residues (30.0%) had a greater average contribution to SOC than bacterial residues (15.5%). The contributions of bacterial (CBR) and total microbial residues (CMR) to SOC showed negative latitudinal patterns and were positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT). In contrast, the contribution of fungal residues to SOC (CFR) showed no clear geographic or climatic patterns. On average, the CBR (9.7%), CFR (21.1%) and CMR (30.8%) were lower in boreal forests than in other biome forests. SOC concentration negatively mediated CBR, CFR and CMR. The piecewise structural equation model results showed that MAT was the primary driver of the geographic pattern of CBR, whereas SOC and soil carbon : nitrogen ratio were more directly associated with the CFR. Additionally, plant factors and microbial properties (i.e., microbial biomass and composition) played relatively little roles in regulating CBR, CFR and CMR.Main conclusionsThese findings advance the current knowledge of the different geographic patterns of CBR and CFR regulated by different potential mechanisms in forest ecosystems. This highlights that the dynamics of microbial residues could potentially have unexpected consequences for topsoil SOC stocks under climate change.