bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full arch immediate occlusal loading using site specific implants: A clinical series of 10 patients (13 arches)
Authors: Morris Gary A. , Steinberg Mark J. , Drago Carl 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeOsseointegration of dental endosseous implants has proven to be effective, predictable, and clinically successful. Unloaded healing protocols were originally used in treating edentulous patients. Full arch immediate occlusal loading protocols have been shown to be as effective as unloaded healing protocols. This paper reports on the results, benefits, and limitations of one specific immediate loading protocol using site specific implants for fresh extraction and healed extraction sites.Materials and methodsTen consecutive patients [{13 arches} (age range: 64‐81 years; average: 70.1) (4 males/6 females) were treated by the first 2 authors in private practice settings. Hopeless teeth were scheduled for extraction with immediate implant placement and immediate loading with insertion of full arch, screw‐retained, acrylic resin interim prostheses within 24 hours. Implants were also placed into healed edentulous ridges. Insertion torque values for each implant were recorded. Interim prostheses were removed after at least 3 months of healing. Implants were reverse torque tested (35 Ncm) and evaluated for macroscopic mobility. Definitive full arch prostheses were made. Patients were followed for 21 to 48 months postimplant surgery. Panoramic radiographs were taken immediately postimplant placement and 1 year postoperative.ResultsThirteen arches were treated; 11 ultrawide diameter implants were placed into molar sockets, 26 inverted body‐shift implants were placed into anterior sockets; 25 standard diameter, tapered implants were placed into edentulous sites; 2 zygomatic implants were placed in one patient. The total number of implants placed was 64 (4 preexisting implants were also used and not included in this study). The minimum implant insertion torque value was 20 Ncm. After 12 to 18 months of function (average 14 months), the implant and prosthetic survival rates were 100%. Eight patients were restored with definitive zirconia or acrylic resin hybrid fixed prostheses. Two patients were restored with bar titanium frameworks and removable overdenture prostheses. No prosthetic complications were reported for the definitive prostheses.ConclusionsThe results of this clinical series with site specific implants and immediate full arch occlusal loading in treating edentulous patients resulted in 100% clinical implant and prosthetic survival rates. According to this study, this protocol can be used with high levels of anticipated success.
Implementing a Care Pathway for small and nutritionally at‐risk infants under six months of age: A multi‐country stakeholder consultation
Authors: van Immerzeel Tabitha D. , Diagne Maty , Deme/Ly Indou , Murungi Amanda E. , Diouf Saliou , Kerac Marko , Grijalva‐Eternod Carlos S. , Day Louise T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNutritional vulnerability under the age of 6 months is prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries with 20.1% infants underweight, 21.3% wasted and 17.6% stunted in a recent review. A novel Care Pathway for improved management of small and nutritionally at‐risk infants under 6 months and their mothers (MAMI) has recently been developed to provide outpatient care at large coverage. We aimed to investigate stakeholders’ views on the feasibility of its implementation and to identify barriers and enablers. This was an early stage formative mixed‐methods study: an online survey plus in‐depth interviews with country‐level stakeholders in nutrition and child health from different geographical regions and stakeholder groups. 189 stakeholders from 42 countries responded to the online survey and 14 remote interviews were conducted. Participants expressed an urgent need for improved detection and care for small and nutritionally at‐risk infants under 6 months. Whilst they considered the MAMI Care Pathway feasible and relevant, they noted it was largely unknown in their country. The most mentioned implementation barriers were: community‐specific needs and health care seeking barriers, health workers’ lack of competence in breastfeeding counselling and the absence of a validated anthropometric screening method. Possible enablers for its implementation were: patients’ preference for outpatient care, integrating the MAMI care pathway into existing maternal and child health programmes and the possibility of a local pilot project. Adaptation to the local context was considered crucial in further scale‐up.
Foliar water uptake enables embolism removal in excised twigs of Avicennia marina
Authors: Fuenzalida Tomás I. , Blacker Matthew J. , Turner Michael , Sheppard Adrian , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Embolism refilling is thought to require relaxation of xylem tension, and it is unclear whether and how tall trees or plants growing in arid or saline soils recover from embolism. We tested whether foliar water uptake could enable embolism refilling in dehydrated twigs of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina).

Four dehydrated twigs were imaged by laboratory‐based micro‐computed tomography before and after wetting leaves.

Emboli were observed in dehydrated stems and leaves. Embolism decreased with increasing distance from the cut end of stems, suggesting that stem emboli were caused by cutting. A significant (P = 0.026) c. 80% reduction in the embolised area was observed in leaves between the start and the end of the experiment (29 ± 10 h after wetting). Embolus diameter was unaffected by wetting.

Embolism refilling occurred slowly, in stems embolised by cutting and leaves embolised by cutting and/or dehydration. The lack of response of embolus diameter to wetting suggests that capillarity was not the main mechanism for refilling. Results show that excised twigs of A. marina are able to recover from embolism by absorption of atmospheric water and call for studies under natural conditions.
Causal counterfactuals without miracles or backtracking
Authors: Gallow J. Dmitri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIf the laws are deterministic, then standard theories of counterfactuals are forced to reject at least one of the following conditionals: 1) had you chosen differently, there would not have been a violation of the laws of nature; and 2) had you chosen differently, the initial conditions of the universe would not have been different. On the relevant readings—where we hold fixed factors causally independent of your choice—both of these conditionals appear true. And rejecting either one leads to trouble for philosophical theories which rely upon counterfactual conditionals—like, for instance, causal decision theory. Here, I outline a semantics for counterfactual conditionals which allows us to accept both (1) and (2). And I discuss how this semantics deals with objections to causal decision theory from Arif Ahmed.
Maternal hepatitis C prevalence and trends by county, US: 2016–2020
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Rossen Lauren M. , Burgess Amanda R. , Palmsten Kristin , Ziller Erika C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrends in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among women delivering live births may differ in rural vs. urban areas of the United States, but estimation of trends based on observed counts may lead to unstable estimates in rural counties due to small numbers.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to use small area estimation methods to provide updated county‐level prevalence estimates and, for the first time, trends in maternal HCV infection among live births by county‐level rurality.MethodsCross‐sectional natality data from 2016 to 2020 were used to estimate maternal hepatitis C prevalence using hierarchical Bayesian models with spatiotemporal random effects to produce annual county‐level estimates of maternal HCV infection and trends over time. Models included a 6‐level rural–urban county classification, year, maternal characteristics and county‐specific covariates. Data were analysed in 2022.ResultsThere were 90,764/18,905,314 live births (4.8 per 1000) with HCV infection reported on the birth certificate. Hepatitis C prevalence was higher among rural counties as compared to urban counties. Rural counties had the largest annual increases in maternal hepatitis C prevalence (per 1000 births) from 2016 to 2020 (micropolitan: 0.39; noncore: 0.40), with smaller increases among less densely populated urban counties (medium metro: 0.28; small metro: 0.28) and urban counties (large central metro:0.11; large fringe metro: 0.14).ConclusionsThe prevalence of maternal HCV infection was the highest in rural counties, and rural counties saw the greatest average prevalence increase during 2016–2020. County‐level data can help in monitoring rural–urban trends in maternal HCV infection to reduce geographic disparities.
Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small‐scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small‐Scale Fisheries
Authors: Golo Harrison Kwame , Ibrahim Sulley , Erinosho Bolanle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough Ghana has ratified several relevant treaties related to the ocean, and the country recognizes local communities' customary laws as an important source of law, there is limited research on the integration of customary laws and practices into marine small‐scale fisheries governance. This article addresses this gap by analysing customary law systems and practices of the various ethnic communities occupying the coastlines of the Western, Central, Greater Accra and Volta regions. Our analysis draws on the ‘respect for cultures’ principle of the Food and Agriculture Organization's Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small‐Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. The article focuses on the relevance of custodianship, consensus building and empowerment norms that are operational among Ghana's coastline ethnic groups. The article concludes with a research and policy agenda on the importance of and challenges around recognizing and integrating coastal communities' customary law into marine small‐scale fisheries governance in Ghana.
Hydrodynamic controls on sedimentary facies of tidal point bars: A case study in the Georgia coastal plain, USA
Authors: Souza Pricilla , Georgiou Ioannis Y. , Fitzgerald Duncan M. , Hughes Zoe J. , Howes Nick C. , Kulp Mark A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTidal point bars are commonly developed in coastal plain meandering channels. They form by the same basic processes as fluvial point bars but are further modified by tidal action. This study analyses the sedimentary facies of six active tidal point bars and their relationships. The bars are situated along the Georgia coastal plain, USA, in the lower and upper reaches of the fluvial marine transition and in tidal channels without upstream river input. Based on millimetric logging of 31 cores, nine sedimentary facies were identified, which are proposed to be used for the characterization of tidal point bars in other depositional settings. These bars share common sedimentary facies; however, the internal organization of these facies and their associations differ appreciably in response to complex local tidal processes and fluvial–tidal interactions. The increase in tidal influence results in prominent heterogeneous architectures, with greater concentration of heterolithic stratification (mostly inclined), bioturbation and evidence of flow reversals. In contrast, when freshwater river discharge overcomes tidal stages in the fluvial marine transition bars, structureless coarse‐grained facies with attendant erosional surfaces and decreased bioturbation are predominantly developed. In the lower reach of the fluvial marine transition, along the estuarine turbidity maximum, alternations of fluvial and tidal sedimentation are evidenced by a bimodal facies association, where alternations of gravel lag and muddy facies (massive to heterolithic) dominate. Moreover, despite differences in local hydrodynamics, coarsening‐upward sequences, mostly composed of structureless coarser facies, are consistently distributed along the upper parts of the bars, which may indicate overprinting of regional events such as storm surge‐related floodings in the sedimentological record. This study provides a basis for better identifying the hydrodynamic processes that shape coastal systems, such as estuarine and backbarrier environments. Additionally, those deposits are analogues for certain hydrocarbon reservoirs, thereby increasing knowledge of their facies distribution and aiding production optimization.
Cognitive dissonance induction as an “inoculator” against negative attitudes towards victims
Authors: Aguilar Pilar , Correia Isabel , de Vries Jan , Tortora Leda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe “belief in a just world” and the related “justice motive” can be construed as a fundamental drive‐in people's life. Paradoxically this “justice motive” may motivate people to be unfair by assigning blame to objectively innocent victims. In two experimental studies, we address the possibility that inducing cognitive dissonance can reduce the assigning of blame to innocent victims. Study 1 (n = 71) consisted of a 2 × 2 design in which participants were randomly assigned to two types of induction (Dissonance induction/Awareness Induction Only condition) and two victims' background conditions (innocent victim v non‐innocent victim). In Study 2 (n = 171) 3 types of induction were compared (Dissonance Induction/Awareness Induction/Control condition) with all victims' scenarios considering them innocent. Study 1 showed that innocent victims were less negatively evaluated in the Dissonance Induction condition compared to the Awareness Only Induction condition; non‐innocent victims were not differently evaluated in both conditions. Study 2 showed that innocent victims were less negatively evaluated in the Dissonance Induction condition compared to the Awareness Induction condition and the Control condition. Overall, findings suggest that cognitive dissonance induction can be an effective mechanism to reduce assigning blame to innocent victims.
Place and Policy Preferences – Spatial Divides in Attitudes towards Social Policies in Germany
Authors: Pinggera Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rise of the knowledge economy has led to a bifurcation between prosperous, often urban, areas and “left‐behind” regions. While the literature has started to analyse the political implications of these developments for electoral behaviour and socio‐cultural attitudes, the structuring of social policy preferences by place remains unclear. Distinguishing between an economic (booming‐declining) and a geographic (urban–rural) dimension, I argue that differences in material self‐interest and ideological predispositions explain spatial divides in support for different types of social policies. Combining original survey data on voters' preferences with municipal‐level data in Germany, I show that general support for social policy is higher in declining than in booming regions. However, social investments (e.g., active labour market policies) are preferred over consumption policies (e.g., unemployment benefits) in booming and, to a smaller degree, in urban than in declining and rural regions. These findings contribute to a bigger discussion on compensating “left‐behind” regions.
The impact of preformed and de novo HLA‐DP antibodies in renal transplantation, a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Qinqin , You Yajie , Wang Xiaoyan , Fan Su , Ma Xiao , Chen Hao , Gao Ming , Gong Guangming , Shen Jie , Tan Ruoyun , Gu Min 
Published: November 2022

The impact of preformed and de novo HLA‐DP antibodies after renal transplantation remains controversial and unclear. To address the clinical relevance of HLA‐DP antibodies on the outcomes in renal transplantation, we performed a random effect model meta‐analysis through a systematic review from inception to December 31, 2021. The outcome was graft loss or acute rejection. Finally five articles were identified as our inclusion criteria. The study which reported 1166 patients included in the final meta‐analysis of de novo HLA‐DP antibodies after transplantation showed an increased risk of graft loss or acute rejection (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.6–8.10, P = 0.002, I2 = 52%). In the subgroup study, we established that patients with HLA‐DP DSA after renal transplantation had a 8.85‐fold increased risk of graft loss or acute rejection compared with patients without HLA‐DP DSA (p = 0.003).While as for HLA‐DP NDSA after renal transplantation, 2.73‐fold increased risk of graft loss or acute rejection compared with patients without HLA‐DP antibodies (p = 0.04). Besides, the studies which reported 487 patients included in the final meta‐analysis of preformed HLA‐DP antibodies did not show an increased risk of graft loss or acute rejection (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 0.79–26.16, P = 0.09, I2 = 57%). The results of our meta‐analysis suggested that de novo HLA‐DP antibodies especially de novo HLA‐DP DSA had a significant deleterious impact on the renal transplant risk of graft loss or acute rejection, while preformed HLA‐DP antibodies had a no significant deleterious impact on the risk. The routine detection of HLA‐DP antibodies after renal transplantation seems to be very important and may be as one of noninvasive biomarker‐guided risk stratification.
Reduction in sound discrimination in noise is related to envelope similarity and not to a decrease in envelope tracking abilities
Authors: Souffi Samira , Varnet Léo , Zaidi Meryem , Bathellier Brice , Huetz Chloé , Edeline Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHumans and animals constantly face challenging acoustic environments, such as various background noises, that impair the detection, discrimination and identification of behaviourally relevant sounds. Here, we disentangled the role of temporal envelope tracking in the reduction in neuronal and behavioural discrimination between communication sounds in situations of acoustic degradations. By collecting neuronal activity from six different levels of the auditory system, from the auditory nerve up to the secondary auditory cortex, in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs, we found that tracking of slow changes of the temporal envelope is a general functional property of auditory neurons for encoding communication sounds in quiet conditions and in adverse, challenging conditions. Results from a go/no‐go sound discrimination task in mice support the idea that the loss of distinct slow envelope cues in noisy conditions impacted the discrimination performance. Together, these results suggest that envelope tracking is potentially a universal mechanism operating in the central auditory system, which allows the detection of any between‐stimulus difference in the slow envelope and thus copes with degraded conditions.
imageKey points
In quiet conditions, envelope tracking in the low amplitude modulation range (<20 Hz) is correlated with the neuronal discrimination between communication sounds as quantified by mutual information from the cochlear nucleus up to the auditory cortex.
At each level of the auditory system, auditory neurons retain their abilities to track the communication sound envelopes in situations of acoustic degradation, such as vocoding and the addition of masking noises up to a signal‐to‐noise ratio of −10 dB.
In noisy conditions, the increase in between‐stimulus envelope similarity explains the reduction in both behavioural and neuronal discrimination in the auditory system.
Envelope tracking can be viewed as a universal mechanism that allows neural and behavioural discrimination as long as the temporal envelope of communication sounds displays some differences.
Implementation of a Model Predictive Control Strategy to Regulate Temperature Inside Plug-Flow Solar Reactor With Countercurrent Flow
Authors: Alsahlani Assaad , Randhir Kelvin , Hayes Michael , Schimmels Philipp , Ozalp Nesrin , Klausner James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Solar-driven thermochemical energy storage systems are proven to be promising energy carriers (solar fuels) to utilize solar energy by using reactive solid-state pellets. However, the production of solar fuel requires a quasi-steady-state process temperature, which represents the main challenge due to the transient nature of solar power. In this work, an adaptive model predictive controller (MPC) is presented to regulate the temperature inside a tubular solar reactor to produce solid-state solar fuel for long-term thermal storage systems. The solar reactor system consists of a vertical tube heated circumferentially over a segment of its length by concentrated solar power, and the reactive pellets (MgMn2O4) are fed from the top end and flow downwards through the heated tube. A countercurrent flowing gas supplied from the lower end interacts with flowing pellets to reduce it thermochemically at a temperature range of 1000—1500 °C. A low-order physical model was developed to simulate the dynamics of the solar reactor including the reaction kinetics, and the proposed model was validated numerically by using a 7-kW electric furnace. The numerical model then was utilized to design the MPC controller, where the control system consists of an MPC code linked to an adaptive system identification code that updates system parameters online to ensure system robustness against external disturbances (sudden change in the flow inside the reactor), model mismatches, and uncertainty. The MPC controller parameters are tuned to enhance the system performance with minimum steady-state error and overshoot. The controller is tested to track different temperature ranges between 500 °C and 1400 °C with different particles/gas mass flowrates and ramping temperature profiles. Results show that the MPC controller successfully regulated the reactor temperature within ± 1 °C of its setpoint and maintained robust performance with minimum input effort when subjected to sudden changes in the amount of flowing media and the presence of chemical reaction.
Aeroacoustic and Structural Achievements for a Morphing Blade Twist System Developed for the European Project “Shape Adaptive Blades for Rotorcraft Efficiency”
Authors: Ameduri Salvatore , Concilio Antonio , Visingardi Antonio , Federico Luigi , Barbarino Mattia , Vitagliano Pier Luigi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In line with target of the European Project “Shape Adaptive Blades for Rotorcraft Efficiency-SABRE”, that is to say, to mitigate the environmental impact of the rotorcraft, a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) morphing twist systems was developed and related performance and impact predicted. At first, the specifications of the system were generated for the reference rotorcraft. Secondly, the layout was selected basing on the capability of transferring twist. Thirdly, an advanced analysis was addressed to predict architecture performance its operational limit from a structural point of view. Then, the prototyping task was faced: a laboratory prototype was realized and tested. At this point, a review of the design and of the experimental outcomes was organized. On its basis two demonstrators were built: the former for tests in wind tunnel, the latter for validation in whirl tower. In parallel numerical investigations were addressed, to identify the optimal distribution of the SMA twist on the blade, in terms of aerodynamic-power benefits and acoustic impact of the selected solution.
The promising outcomes of the demonstration campaign and the novel contents of the concept, jointly to the favorable advice of the European Community, led CIRA to organize a dedicated exploitation strategy and to address its intellectual protection at European level.