bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political connection and CSR: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Park SeHyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars have been raising voices for corporate leadership in politics, namely the political corporate social responsibility (CSR). While many anecdotes of democratic deficits to corporations support the claim, it is still dubious whether corporations can be trusted with such a role. If the motivation for CSR is for further value creation as the resource based‐view suggests, they may thrive in their political role by creating shared value for both private and public sectors. However, if their motivation is mere societal acceptance as the institutional theory suggests, they will fail to serve both public and private; firms will fulfill self‐interest at the cost of society at best. One way to investigate this is to examine the interaction between political connection and CSR and thereby reveal the motivation for CSR. While both concepts have been extensively studied separately, their interaction has been sparsely explored with inconclusive mixed results. Thus, this paper clarifies the effect of political connection on CSR. To this end, this paper exploits the 2008 presidential election in South Korea as an exogenous shock to the channels for political connection. This paper captures the difference‐in‐difference estimate of the effect of political connection on CSR with instrumental variables to alleviate endogeneity problems and two‐way fixed effects to handle firm heterogeneity. As a result, this paper demonstrates a negative causal effect of political connection on CSR, a decline by 4.9% on average, which resolves the conflict in the literature. In addition, the negative effect supports institutional theory over the resource based‐view as the motivation for CSR and raises a cautious voice for political CSR.
The eco‐evolutionary history of Madagascar presents unique challenges to tropical forest restoration
Authors: Culbertson Katherine A. , Treuer Timothy L. H. , Mondragon‐Botero Ariadna , Ramiadantsoa Tanjona , Reid J. Leighton 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh biodiversity and endemism combined with persistently high deforestation rates mark Madagascar as one of the hottest biodiversity hot spots. Contemporary rising interest in large‐scale reforestation, both globally and throughout Madagascar itself, presents a promising impetus for forest restoration and biodiversity conservation across the island. However, Madagascar may face unique restoration challenges due to its equally unique eco‐evolutionary trajectory, which must be understood to enable successful ecological restoration. We conducted a systematic review of potential barriers to restoration for terrestrial forest biomes (rain forests, dry forests, and subhumid highland forests) in Madagascar. Our results indicate that aboveground biomass recovery of Malagasy forests appears to be slower than other tropical forests. We suggest four key synergistic factors that inhibit restoration in Madagascar: (a) lack of resilience to shifting nutrient and fire regimes arising from widespread high‐intensity shifting cultivation; (b) predominance of nutrient‐poor, highly weathered ferralitic soils; (c) vulnerability of regenerating native trees to competition with invasive species due to their evolutionary isolation; and (d) low seed dispersal into regenerating forests due to the unique dependence of Malagasy trees on dispersal by forest‐dependent endangered or extinct primates. However, we note that rigorous experimental study of regenerating forests in Madagascar is currently lacking. There are great opportunity and need for such research to disentangle drivers and interactions inhibiting forest restoration. These studies would enable reforestation practitioners to effectively capitalize on current global momentum to implement the large‐scale restoration necessary for the conservation of Madagascar's numerous endemic species.Abstract in Malagasy is available with online material
Improved glycaemic control and weight benefit with iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes advancing their therapy from basal insulin plus oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: Results from the LixiLan‐L‐CN randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyong , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Junqing , Dong Xiaolin , Lu Yibing , Pang Wuyan , Gu Shenghong , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Ping Lin , Nian Gaowei , Souhami Elisabeth ,   LixiLan‐L‐CN investigators
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi compared with iGlar in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes advancing therapy from basal insulin ± oral antihyperglycaemic drugs.Materials and methodsLixiLan‐L‐CN (NCT03798080) was a 30‐week randomized, active‐controlled, open‐label, parallel‐group, multicentre study. Participants were randomized 1:1 to iGlarLixi or iGlar. The primary objective was to show the superiority of iGlarLixi over iGlar in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change from baseline to Week 30.ResultsIn total, 426 participants were randomized to iGlarLixi (n = 212) or iGlar (n = 214). Mean age was 58 years, 67% had a body mass index ≥24 kg/m2, corresponding to overweight/obesity, and the mean diabetes duration was 12.3 years. From mean baseline HbA1c of 8.1% in both groups, greater decreases were seen with iGlarLixi versus iGlar [least squares mean difference: −0.7 (95% confidence interval: −0.9, −0.6)%; p < .0001] to final HbA1c of 6.7% and 7.4%, respectively. HbA1c <7.0% achievement was greater with iGlarLixi (63.3%) versus iGlar (29.9%; p < .0001). Mean body weight decreased with iGlarLixi and increased with iGlar [least squares mean difference: −0.9 (95% confidence interval: −1.4, −0.5) kg; p = .0001]. Hypoglycaemia incidence was similar between groups. Few gastrointestinal adverse events occurred (rated mild/moderate) with a slightly higher incidence with iGlarLixi than iGlar.ConclusionsiGlarLixi provided better glycaemic control and facilitated more participants to reach glycaemic targets alongside beneficial effects on body weight, no additional risk of hypoglycaemia, and few gastrointestinal AEs, supporting iGlarLixi use as an efficacious and well tolerated therapy option in Chinese people with long‐standing T2D advancing therapy from basal insulin.
The endowment effect and the trading of draft picks in major professional U.S. sports
Authors: Hobbs Jeff , Singh Vivek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have examined the endowment effect. Others have documented the influence of behavioral economics in sports. However, there exists little research on the endowment effect in sports. We study this phenomenon through the trading of draft picks in three major professional sporting organizations: the National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League. We find strong evidence of the endowment effect overall and varying degrees of it across leagues. We find that it exists beyond information asymmetries, differences in trading activity, the prior short‐term trading relationships of the teams involved and the desire of non‐endowed, one‐time owners of picks to repurchase those picks.
Management of infection prophylaxis in Dutch patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, a web‐based case vignette questionnaire: The MINDSET study
Authors: Rozema Johanne , van Roon Eric , Vogelzang Lars , Kibbelaar Robby , Veeger Nic , van de Loosdrecht Arjan , Hoogendoorn Mels 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesInfections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The objective of the MINDSET study was to evaluate haematologists' management of infection prevention in MDS patients using a case vignette study and to assess the availability of guidelines.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based, nationwide survey amongst haematologists in the Netherlands between September and December 2021. The survey included a set of case vignettes. In addition, the availability of protocols was evaluated.ResultsSixty responses were obtained (23.6%). These responses were well distributed across hospital types as well as level of experience. No protocols regarding infection prophylaxis specifically for MDS patients were received. In the case vignette of a 75‐year‐old MDS patient, respondents would primarily prescribe infection prophylaxis in case of recurrent infections (96.7%) and neutropenia (75.0% for absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 0.2 × 109/L and 53.3% for ANC < 0.5 × 109/L), especially in combination with hypomethylating agents (80.0%), lenalidomide (66.7%) or chemotherapy (51.7%). Respondents would predominantly choose antibacterial agents (85.0%), followed by antifungal agents (71.7%).ConclusionsThis study showed diverse reasons and considerations of haematologists regarding whether to prescribe infection prophylaxis in MDS patients. Given the seriousness of infections in MDS patients, patient‐tailored recommendations might be valuable in clinical decision‐making.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for estimating soil properties: A technology for the 21st century
Authors: Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Behrens Thorsten , Ben‐Dor Eyal , Chabrillat Sabine , Demattê José Alexandre Melo , Ge Yufeng , Gomez Cecile , Guerrero César , Peng Yi , Ramirez‐Lopez Leonardo , Shi Zhou , Stenberg Bo , Webster Richard , Winowiecki Leigh , Shen Zefang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements of soil samples are reliable because they are highly repeatable and reproducible. They characterise the samples' mineral–organic composition. Estimates of concentrations of soil constituents are inevitably less precise than estimates obtained conventionally by chemical analysis. But the cost of each spectroscopic estimate is at most one‐tenth of the cost of a chemical determination. Spectroscopy is cost‐effective when we need many data, despite the costs and errors of calibration. Soil spectroscopists understand the risks of over‐fitting models to highly dimensional multivariate spectra and have command of the mathematical and statistical methods to avoid them. Machine learning has fast become an algorithmic alternative to statistical analysis for estimating concentrations of soil constituents from reflectance spectra. As with any modelling, we need judicious implementation of machine learning as it also carries the risk of over‐fitting predictions to irrelevant elements of the spectra. To use the methods confidently, we need to validate the outcomes with appropriately sampled, independent data sets. Not all machine learning should be considered ‘black boxes’. Their interpretability depends on the algorithm, and some are highly interpretable and explainable. Some are difficult to interpret because of complex transformations or their huge and complicated network of parameters. But there is rapidly advancing research on explainable machine learning, and these methods are finding applications in soil science and spectroscopy. In many parts of the world, soil and environmental scientists recognise the merits of soil spectroscopy. They are building spectral libraries on which they can draw to localise the modelling and derive soil information for new projects within their domains. We hope our article gives readers a more balanced and optimistic perspective of soil spectroscopy and its future.HighlightsSpectroscopy is reliable because it is a highly repeatable and reproducible analytical technique.Spectra are calibrated to estimate concentrations of soil properties with known error.Spectroscopy is cost‐effective for estimating soil properties.Machine learning is becoming ever more powerful for extracting accurate information from spectra, and methods for interpreting the models exist.Large libraries of soil spectra provide information that can be used locally to aid estimates from new samples.
Enhanced hybrid neural network for automated essay scoring
Authors: Li Xia , Yang Huali , Hu Shengze , Geng Jing , Lin Keke , Li Yuhai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn an online learning system, the automatic scoring of an essay is key to providing immediate feedback on essays submitted by students. To the best of our knowledge, existing approaches ignore the multidimensional and heterogeneous characteristics of essays or rely too heavily on the manual creation of features; therefore, a more comprehensive method of scoring essays is required. To address this issue, this paper proposes an enhanced hybrid neural network for automated essay scoring that extracts and fuses the linguistic, semantic, and structural attributes of an essay to achieve a comprehensive representation. Specifically, linguistic attributes include not only lexical features extracted from the words of an essay but also syntactic features obtained from sentences and syntax trees. Semantic attributes include the dynamic textual semantic representation and topic similarity obtained by the text encoder. We also considered the structural attributes. The text encoder provides the overall structural representation, while the sentence similarity matrix provides the two spatial features of connectivity and aggregation. Finally, we fused the three attributes and six features to achieve a more objective and comprehensive automatic scoring. We found that our model improves the Kappa index by an average of 1.4% over the current best model when tested against four state‐of‐the‐art models using eight public data sets.
Community, risk assessment, prevention and control: Black American college students' information seeking on COVID‐19
Authors: Stewart J. Brenton 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the disproportionate impact of the novel coronavirus on Black Americans, there is little research that centres Black college students' information behaviours during the pandemic.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify information needs, resources and use regarding the novel coronavirus pandemic among Black American college students.MethodsThis is a quantitative study among 389 college students in the USA. Data were collected using an online crowdsourced survey instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data through SPSS.ResultsThe most salient information needs related to Covid‐19 symptoms, personal protective equipment, vulnerable populations, and risk assessment; however, students also wanted information on Covid‐19's impact on the Black community. There were no statistically significant gender differences in students' information seeking, resources or use with one exception; male students believed the internet alone could provide all relevant information about the coronavirus in comparison to female students. Barriers related to the volume of information, information fluidity and determining the quality of information.ConclusionColleges and universities can play a critical role in information dissemination during crisis events. Students need critical information literacy skills that intersect with everyday information needs, particularly health literacy.
Exploring assessment of balance using virtual reality in patients at risk of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Teng Christina , Chiarovano Elodie , Tighe David , Bui Kim Tam , Venkatesha  , Blinman Prunella L. , MacDougall Hamish G. , Vardy Janette L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose‐limiting toxicity for people treated for cancer. Impaired balance and falls are functional consequences of CIPN. Virtual reality (VR) technology may be able to assess balance and identify patients at risk of falls.AimsTo assess the impact of potentially neurotoxic chemotherapy on balance using VR, and explore associations between VR balance assessment, falls and CIPN.MethodsThis prospective, repeated measures longitudinal study was conducted at two Australian cancer centres. Eligible participants were commencing adjuvant chemotherapy containing a taxane for breast cancer, or oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer (CRC), per institutional guidelines. Balance assessments using VR were conducted at baseline, end of chemotherapy and 3 and 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. Participants also completed a comprehensive CIPN assessment comprising clinical and patient‐reported outcomes, and recorded falls or near falls.ResultsOut of 34 participants consented, 24 (71%) had breast cancer and 10 (29%) had CRC. Compared to baseline, balance threshold was reduced in 10/28 (36%) evaluable participants assessed at the end of chemotherapy, and persistent in 7/22 (32%) at 6 months. CIPN was identified in 86% at end of chemotherapy and persisted to 6 months after chemotherapy completion in 73%. Falls or near falls were reported by 12/34 (35%) participants, and were associated with impaired VR balance threshold (P = 0.002).ConclusionsWhile VR balance assessment was no better at identifying CIPN than existing measures, it is a potential surrogate method to assess patients at risk of falls from CIPN.
Abelson tyrosine kinasecontrolsBCRsignalling and B‐cell differentiation by promoting B‐cell metabolism
Authors: Luo Li , Jiang Panpan , Chen Qianglin , Chang Jiang , Jing Yukai , Luo Xi , Gu Heng , Huang Yanmei , Chen Ran , Liu Ju , Kang Danqing , Liu Qi , Wang Yi , Fang Guofeng , Zhu Yingzi , Guan Fei , Lei Jiahui , Yang Lu , Liu Chaohong , Dai Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Abelson tyrosine kinase (c‐Abl) was first studied in chronic myelogenous leukaemia, and its role in lymphocytes has been well characterised. c‐Abl is involved in B‐cell development and CD19‐associated B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalling. Although c‐Abl regulates different metabolic pathways, the role of c‐Abl is still unknown in B‐cell metabolism. In this study, B‐cell‐specificc‐Ablknockout (KO) mice (Mb1Cre+/−c‐Ablfl/fl) were used to investigate how c‐Abl regulates B‐cell metabolism and BCR signalling. We found that the levels of activation positive BCR signalling proximal molecules, phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (pSYK) and phosphorylated Bruton tyrosine kinase (pBTK), were decreased, while the level of key negative regulator, phosphorylated SH2‐containing inositol phosphatase 1 (pSHIP1), was increased inMb1Cre+/−c‐Ablfl/flmice. Furthermore, we found c‐Abl deficiency weakened the B‐cell spreading, formation of BCR signalosomes, and the polymerisation of actin during BCR activation, and also impaired the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B‐cells both in quiescent condition and after immunisation. Moreover, B‐cell mitochondrial respiration and the expression of B‐cell metabolism‐regulating molecules were downregulated in c‐Abl deficiency mice. Overall, c‐Abl, which involved in actin remodelling and B‐cell metabolism, positively regulates BCR signalling and promotes GC differentiation.
Heat inactivated mycobacteria, alpha‐Gal and zebrafish: Insights gained from experiences with two promising trained immunity inductors and a validated animal model
Authors: Juste Ramón A. , Ferreras‐Colino Elisa , de la Fuente José , Domínguez Mercedes , Risalde María A. , Domínguez Lucas , Cabezas‐Cruz Alejandro , Gortázar Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrained immunity (TRAIM) may be defined as a form of memory where innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic and natural killer (NK) cells undergo an epigenetic reprogramming that enhances their primary defensive capabilities. Cross‐pathogen protective TRAIM can be triggered in different hosts by exposure to live microbes or microbe‐derived products such as heat‐inactivated Mycobacterium bovis or with the glycan α‐Gal to elicit protective responses against several pathogens. We review the TRAIM paradigm using two models representing distinct scales of immune sensitization: the whole bacterial cell and one of its building blocks, the polysaccharides or glycans. Observations point out to macrophage lytic capabilities and cytokine regulation as two key components in non‐specific innate immune responses against infections. The study of the TRAIM response deserves attention to better characterize the evolution of host–pathogen cooperation both for identifying the aetiology of some diseases and for finding new therapeutic strategies. In this field, the zebrafish provides a convenient and complete biological system that could help to deepen in the knowledge of TRAIM‐mediated mechanisms in pathogen–host interactions.
Tissue immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2: Role in protection and immunopathology*
Authors: Rybkina Ksenia , Davis‐Porada Julia , Farber Donna L. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS‐CoV‐2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site‐specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.
Children's food choices are highly dependent on patterns of parenting practices and food availability at home in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Europe: Cross‐sectional results from the Feel4Diabetes study
Authors: Zannidi Dimitra , Karatzi Kalliopi , Karaglani Eva , Liatis Stavros , Cardon Greet , Iotova Violeta , Tsochev Kaloyan , Chakarova Nevyana , Moreno Luis A. , Flores‐Barrantes Paloma , Radó Sándorné , Rurik Imre , Lindström Jaana , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Manios Yannis ,   the Feel4Diabetes Study Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood parenting practices, behaviours and food availability at home are associated with children's food choices; however, these associations have been mainly studied for each parenting practice separately and focused mostly on healthy populations.The aim of the study was to identify patterns of parenting practices (including data regarding food availability at home, food and physical activity–related behaviours and rewards) and to investigate their cross‐sectional associations with children's food choices in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsData of parents and children (n = 2278), from the Feel4Diabetes study conducted in six European countries, were collected using validated questionnaires. The data analysed included children's food choices, food availability at home and food and physical activity–related parenting practices. Four patterns of parenting practices were identified using principal component analysis, and associations between those components and children's food choices were assessed using adjusted, individual linear regressions.ResultsParenting patterns focusing on unhealthy habits, such as allowing unhealthy snacks and unlimited screen time, providing higher availability of unhealthy foods at home, rewarding with snacks and screen time, were positively associated with children's unhealthy food choices (consumption of savoury/sweet snacks, fizzy drinks, etc.). The parenting patterns providing fruit/vegetables at home, consuming fruit, and being physically active with the child were positively associated with children's healthier food choices (consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals, etc.).ConclusionsPublic health initiatives should focus on high‐risk families for T2D, assisting them to adopt appropriate parenting practices and behaviours to promote healthier food choices for children.