bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of urbanisation challenges experienced in the Low-Income Areas of Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Williams Prof John James , Zacheous Abang Ako 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper examined the challenges experienced in low-income areas with specific emphasis on Khayelitsha, Cape Town. The paper argues that low-income areas in most cities are faced with enormous challenges, including amongst many others, crime, overcrowding, sanitation, health issues, floods, and shack fires. These challenges are the byproduct of poor/colonial and/or urban planning practices or institutional inertia/neglect from municipalities and skewed service provisions. Moreover, these challenges account for the spread of environmental health diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. It is furthermore argued that these areas are also associated with substance abuse, alcoholism, and prostitution. The objective of this paper is to highlight these challenges in Low-Income Areas and their implications. Interestingly, existing scholarship has barely mentioned these problems without intensely explaining their underlying implications. It is these lacunae or gaps in the extant literature that this current study will seek to address as it illuminates these implications. To gain these insights the study utilised ethnographic qualitative research and observations conducted from March 2018 to October 2019 utilising a sample of 28 individuals. The study found that these challenges impacts on the residents culminating in illness, loss of livelihoods, and lives, and also property. This rationalises the study as it seeks to influence policy and ensure a change in attitudes in these areas.
Exploring Changes In Participation In Dry January Between 2020 And 2021
Authors: Oldham Melissa , Kersbergen Inge , Cox Sharon , Brown Jamie , Piper Richard , Garnett Claire 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To explore the level of participation in Dry January during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021, and potential shifts in the sociodemographic and drinking characteristics of those taking part. Methods: We analysed data from: i) 1863 increasing and higher risk drinkers responding to a nationally representative survey of adults in England in January and February 2020 and 2021, and ii) 104,598 users of the ‘Try Dry’ app, the official aid to those participating in Dry January 2020 and 2021 in the UK. We used logistic regression, t-tests and chi-squared tests to compare the prevalence and sociodemographic composition of i) increasing and higher risk drinkers reporting a Dry January-motivated reduction attempt and ii) users of the ‘Try Dry’ app in 2020 and 2021.Results: The proportion of increasing and higher risk drinkers reporting Dry January-motivated reduction attempts increased from 4% in 2020 to 8% in 2021 (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.38-3.11, p<.001) with no changes detected in sociodemographic composition. The number of Try Dry app users in 2021 increased by 34.8% relative to 2020. App users in 2021 were two years older on average [p<.001, d=.02], with a 2% increase in the proportion of female app users [p<.001, vs. <.01].Conclusions: Higher participation in Dry January 2021 relative to 2020 indicates increased engagement with a period of temporary abstinence following the COVID-19 related lockdowns in England and the UK, which is positive in the context of increasing alcohol consumption throughout the pandemic.
Tumor DNA from tumor in situ fluid was used to track genomic status and evolutionary models of gliomas under first-line treatment
Authors: Yu Jinliang , Xu Sensen , Sheng Zhiyuan , Gao Yushuai , Bu Chaojie , Wu Shuang , Deng Kaiyuan , Bu Yage , Liu Guanzheng , Yan Zhaoyue , Jia Yulong , Guo Guangzhong , Zhang Ziyue , Kong Lingfei , Liu Gang , Wang Meiyun , Ma Chunxiao , Li Tianxiao , Bu Xingyao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumor DNA from tumor in situ fluid (TISF) provides a minimally invasive approach to repeatedly interrogated the glioma genome and provides an opportunity to monitor the dynamics of pressure-induced cloning for recurrence and treatment selectivity. Understanding the evolution of glioma will be of great help in clinical and scientific research of glioma. Currently, no study has explored the recurrence process of glioma.Methods: We performed high-depth generation gene sequencing in multiple regions of matched primary and recurrent tumors. Using 60 primary tumor tissues and their TISF, 26 of whom had tumor recurrence and 6 underwent 2 surgeries, we analyzed the heterogeneity of each period.Results：We measured considerable genomic variation in glioma patients at different times under the stress of first-line treatment. In gliomas dominated by genomic alleles with low frequency (VAF < 1%), radiographic residues had higher VAF (p = 0.016), and patients with postoperative recurrence also had higher VAF (p < 0.0001). Under the pressure of treatment, polyclonal mutations gradually increased with tumor evolution, and high-frequency dominant clones gradually appeared. Samples of relapsed TISF contained more abundant clonal mutations. Sequencing of relapsed tumor tissue and relapsed TISF samples showed high consistency in mutation detection and estimation of allele frequency (p < 0.0001, VAF correlation, R2 = 0.8737). Heterogeneity at different stages of the tumor was shown in patients who were continuously monitored. We determined that TISF may detect elevated Tumor DNA variant allele fraction prior to positive imaging findings and effectively identify patients with pseudoprogression.Conclusions: Continuous TISF-DNA analysis reveals the evolutionary structure of gliomas under first-line therapy and can be used to track postoperative residual disease and tumor recurrence. Most importantly, it could move glioma research forward.
Safety and Efficacy of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction for Large Organ Specimen: a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Hwang Woo Yeon , Suh Dong Hoon , Lee Sangchul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) in patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic surgery for the treatment of benign or malignant diseases of solid organs, including the kidney, liver, stomach, adrenal gland, and bladder.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital between March 2015 and May 2020. The main outcome was cosmetic outcomes of scars assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 1 and 8 weeks after surgery. The secondary outcomes were postoperative pain, operating time, and complications. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire 6 months after surgery in 17 patients who were sexually active at the time of surgery.Results: A total of 38 transvaginal NOSE procedures were performed for the extraction of 33 kidneys, 2 livers, 1 stomach, 1 adrenal gland, and 1 bladder. Observers rated pigmentation and relief scores as most deviant from normal skin (2.9 ± 1.7, 3.0 ± 2.1 at postoperative 1 week; 3.6 ± 1.9, 3.5 ± 2.2 at postoperative 8 weeks, respectively), but the overall scores of each item were low. The patients’ overall satisfaction with postoperative scars was high, and the mean scores for pain and itching were low, with significant improvement from the first week to the eighth week (P=0.014 and P=0.006, respectively). Patients also reported low scores on vaginal assessment items, indicating better symptoms, and bleeding improved significantly between the two time points (P=0.001). The mean FSFI total score was 21.2 ± 8.7 (cutoff score for dysfunction is 21), with higher scores indicating better sexual functioning. Postoperative pain was reduced from moderate during the first 24 h after surgery to mild after 24 h. The mean operative time of the transvaginal NOSE procedure was 28.3 ± 13.3 min. No postoperative complications were associated with the procedure. Conclusions: Transvaginal NOSE may be a safe and feasible procedure with promising cosmetic benefits for patients who undergo minimally invasive surgery for large organs including the kidney, liver, stomach, adrenal gland, and bladder. A prospective randomized clinical trial is needed to provide solid evidence to support transvaginal NOSE.Trial registration: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05113134).
A Flexible Semi-Synthetic Data Generator for Risky Drinking Behavior
Authors: Liow Chi Hao , Choi Youngwoo , Yeom Jiwon , Doh Young Yim , Hong Seungbum 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Machine intelligence has garnered immense attention owing to its ability to discover hidden patterns in abstract and high-dimensional datasets. However, its success is often limited by the fundamental bottleneck of data scarcity. In this work, we offer a universal data augmentation solution to resolve this impasse. We first discovered the hidden knowledge within the existing scarce dataset using the machine learning (ML) technique and then synthetically augmented the dataset according to its feature importance. In principle, scarce and augmented datasets should share a common statistical property. Using this property, we specifically study the scarce dataset representing the binge-drinking behavior of university students and show that our method is effective in augmenting a limited dataset with high fidelity. The current work challenges the status quo in data scarcity with rule-less-based ML, which removes the ostensible barrier that prevents the application of data-driven techniques to the data scarce clinical research.
Hydrothermal reworking as a mechanism forming high-grade Fe-Ti ores in layered intrusions
Authors: Wang Dachuan , Hou Tong , Botcharnikov Roman , Weyer Stefan , Haselbach Sarah , Zhang zhaochong , Wang Meng , Horn Ingo , Holtz Francois 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The genesis of high-grade massive Fe-Ti oxide ores (up to >90 vol.%) in layered intrusions remains highly debated. Based on in-situ iron isotope data (δ56Fe) on drill-core samples from Fe-Ti oxide deposit hosted in Hongge layered intrusion, here we demonstrated that hydrothermal dissolution and re-precipitation of primary Fe-bearing minerals played a crucial role in the formation of the high-grade Fe-Ti oxide ores. Specifically, the δ56Fe data for primary magnetite (-0.23 to 0.63‰) and ilmenite (-1.08 to -0.27‰) significantly exceed the typical δ56Fe magmatic range. Secondary magnetites formed in thick massive ore layers, display extremely low δ56Fe values (-1.24 to -0.09‰), indicating obvious precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. Mass balance modelling suggests that about 20-30% of Fe in primary minerals was hydrothermally removed and subsequently re-precipitated into the major ore layers. Such hydrothermal reworking is expected to significantly increase both ore tonnages and grades of the Fe-Ti oxide ores.
Clinical and Genetic Analyses and Treatment Experiences of Patients with Lateralized Overgrowth
Authors: Kim Yoon-Myung , Lee Yena , Choi Yunha , Choi In-Hee , Heo Sun Hee , Choi Jung Min , Do Hyo-Sang , Jang Ja-Hyun , Yum Mi-Sun , Yoo Han-Wook , Lee Beom Hee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The genetic features and management of lateralized overgrowth have been elusive. This study was performed to investigate the causative genes and outcomes of alpelisib-treated patients with lateralized overgrowth.
Methods
Fourteen patients with lateralized overgrowth were enrolled. Clinical features and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) findings were evaluated. Deep sequencing with a customized 143 gene panel of affected tissue and peripheral white blood cells was performed. Propranolol was administered and clinical outcomes were examined. The PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib was administered via a managed access program.
Results
Genetic testing identified PIK3CA (n = 7, 50%), KRAS (n = 2, 14.3%), PTEN (n = 1, 7.1%), MAP2K3 (n = 1, 7.1%), GNAQ (n = 1, 7.1%), TBC1D4 (n = 1, 7.1%), and TEK (n = 1, 7.1%) mutations. Propranolol was administered in 12 patients, and 7 experienced relief of symptoms. Alpelisib was administered in two volunteers with a PIK3CA mutation, and the WB-MRI after 1 year of treatment showed a reduction in proliferated masses.
Conclusions
Deep sequencing identified diverse genetic features of lateralized overgrowth. Targeted therapy with a PIK3CA inhibitor would be the primary therapeutic strategy for PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome.
Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis of Small Renal Masses: Association with Collateral Vessels Detected Using Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Yanagi Masato , Kiriyama Tomonari , Akatsuka Jun , Endo Yuki , Takeda Hayato , Katsu Akifumi , Honda Yuichiro , Suzuki Kyota , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Ikuma Shunsuke , Mikami Hikaru , Toyama Yuka , Kimura Go , Kondo Yukihiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Active surveillance (AS) is one of the treatment methods for patients with small renal masses (SRMs; <4 cm), including renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). However, some small RCCs may exhibit aggressive neoplastic behaviors and metastasize. Little is known about imaging biomarkers capable of identifying potentially aggressive small RCCs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) often detects collateral vessels arising from neoplastic angiogenesis in RCCs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between SRM differential diagnoses and prognoses, and the detection of collateral vessels using CECT.
Methods
A total of 130 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed non-metastatic SRMs (fat-poor angiomyolipomas [fpAMLs; n = 7] and RCCs [n = 123]) were retrospectively enrolled. Between 2011 and 2019, SRM diagnoses in these patients were confirmed after biopsy or surgical resection. All RCCs were surgically resected. Regardless of diameter, a collateral vessel (CV) was defined as any blood vessel connecting the tumor from around the kidney using CECT. First, we analyzed the role of CV-detection in differentiating between fpAML and RCC. Then, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of RCC diagnosis based on CV-detection using CECT. We also assessed the prognostic value of CV-detection using the Fisher exact test, and Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of CV-detection for the diagnosis of small RCCs was 48.5%, 45.5%, 100%, 100%, and 9.5% respectively. Five of 123 (4.1%) patients with RCC experienced recurrence. CV-detection using CECT was the only significant factor associated with recurrence (p = 0.0177). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly lower in patients with CV compared with in those without CV (5-year RFS 92.4% versus 100%, respectively; p = 0.005). In addition, critical review of the CT images revealed the CVs to be continuous with the venous vessels around the kidney.
Conclusions
The detection of CVs using CECT is useful for differentiating between small fpAMLs and RCCs. CV-detection may also be applied as a predictive parameter for small RCCs prone to recurrence after surgical resection. Moreover, AS may not be suitable for small RCCs with CVs.
Evaluation of a Post-Discharge Pharmacist Opioid Review Following Total Knee Arthroplasty – A Pilot Study
Authors: Tran Tim , Ford James , Hardidge Andrew , Antoine Shari , Veevers Beth , Taylor Simone , Elliott Rohan A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMore than 70% of patients continue to use opioid medications 3-weeks following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Post-discharge pharmacist reviews improve medication management, however it’s effect on opioid usage is not known.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of post-discharge pharmacist review on opioid use following TKA.MethodsA pilot pre- and post-intervention study was undertaken on patients who had undergone a TKA and were supplied an opioid upon discharge from hospital. During the intervention, patients were contacted by a pharmacist approximately five days post-discharge to review analgesic usage, provide education and advice and communicate a plan to their general practitioner (GP). The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients taking opioids 3-weeks post-discharge. Secondary endpoints included:· Percentage of patients obtaining an opioid refill;· Patient satisfaction with opioid supply and the pharmacist review.ResultsPre- and post-intervention, 65 and 44 patients were included, respectively. The percentage of patients taking opioids 3-weeks post-discharge declined from 72.3% to 29.6% (p<0.001) and the percentage requiring an opioid refill from their GP declined from 64.6% to 36.4% (p<0.001). More patients were satisfied with opioid supply during the intervention period (79.5% cf. 47.6%, p=0.001). 28 (63.6%) patients could recall the post-discharge pharmacist review, and all were either satisfied or extremely satisfied with the review.ConclusionPharmacist-delivered post-discharge review reduced the percentage of patients taking opioids 3-weeks post-discharge following a TKA. This intervention has the potential to provide a more balanced approach to the management of hospital supplied opioids.
Dysregulated protein phosphorylation in tauopathy
Authors: Ferrer Isidro Ferrer , Andrés-Benito Pol , Ausín Karina , Cartas-Cejudo Paz , Lachén-Montes Mercedes , Rio José Antonio del , Fernández-Irigoyen Joaquín , Santamaría Enrique 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The neocortex of P301S mice, used as a model of frontotemporal degeneration linked to tau mutation, and wild-type mice, both aged 9 months, were analyzed with conventional label-free phosphoproteomics and SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) to assess the (phospho)proteomes. The total number of identified dysregulated phosphoproteins was 328 corresponding to 524 phosphorylation sites. The majority of dysregulated phosphoproteins, most of them hyper-phosphorylated, were proteins of the membranes, synapses, membrane trafficking, membrane vesicles linked to endo- and exocytosis, cytoplasmic vesicles, and cytoskeleton. Another group was composed of kinases. In contrast, proteins linked to DNA, RNA metabolism, RNA splicing, and protein synthesis were hypo-phosphorylated. Other pathways modulating energy metabolism, cell signalling, Golgi apparatus, carbohydrates, and lipids are also targets of dysregulated protein phosphorylation in P301S mice. The present results, together with accompanying immunohistochemical and western blotting studies, show widespread abnormal phosphorylation of proteins, in addition to protein tau, in P301S mice. These observations point to dysregulated protein phosphorylation as a relevant contributory pathogenic component of tauopathies.
Role of controlled hypotension in Resuscitation of Elderly Trauma Patients in Emergency Department, Egypt
Authors: Nofal Aya E. , Awad Noha M. , Abdelgeleel Nashwa M. , Ismail Monira Taha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In the recent decade, a new paradigm in early trauma resuscitation especially in case of ongoing, uncontrollable bleeding has emerged. This paradigm change stresses on damage control resuscitation; a combination process of controlled hypotension, balanced resuscitation and damage control surgery. This study was designed to determine the impact of controlled hypotension as a factor in improving the outcome in traumatized elderly patients because vigorous fluid resuscitation is associated with a rebleeding and high mortality rate.Aim: This study was conducted to improve the resuscitation process and decrease the mortality rate of elderly trauma patients in the emergency department.Subjects and methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included elderly trauma patients (> 65 years old) presenting with traumatic hypovolemic shock who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Suez Canal University Hospital according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, which received balanced resuscitation with controlled hypotension with the target systolic blood pressure being 90 mmHg, and Group 2, which received balanced resuscitation with the target systolic blood pressure being 100 mmHg.Results: After resuscitation, patients in the controlled hypotension group had significantly less severe base deficit than those in the group 2 (p = 0.04). Meanwhile, regarding coagulopathy, patients in the controlled hypotension group had significantly lower international normalized ratio (<1.5) than those in the Group 2 (p < 0.001). Moreover, we found that patients who took controlled hypotension have less mortality at the emergency room (21.6%) than those in the group 2 (35.1%) (p = 0.04).Conclusion: The study reported a lower rate of mortality and acid deficit in the group managed by controlled hypotension. The results regarding the benefits of controlled hypotension in elderly trauma patients are optimistic. However, many confirmatory studies should be conducted.
Optimized Design and Key Performance Factors of a Gas Circulation Filtration System in a Metal 3D Printer
Authors: guoqing zhang , junxin li , xiaoyu Zhou , yongsheng zhou , anmin wang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To further improve the quality of parts in metal 3D printers, it is necessary to optimize the structure and study the performance of their gas circulation filtration systems. First, we used the parametric modeling method to complete the formed cavity modeling. We then optimized the design of the air inlet structure of the formed cavity using the moldflow simulation method, and finally, we evaluated the optimized design results through assembly experiments and measurements of the molded parts’ components. The combination of parametric modeling and moldflow simulation methods produced a high modeling efficiency and had a good effect on the optimized design of the gas circulation filtration systems. After optimizing the design, the turbulence intensities and distribution areas of the formed cavities were reduced. During the 3D printing of the curved guide plate, the plane of the guide plate holder was inclined 55° relative to the machining datum plane, which improved the form quality. The 3D printed curved guide plate closely matched the inlet end of the printer’s air duct, and the upper guide plate was fixed at a suitable position using screws. The niobium contents of the parts formed by the guide plate in Design 2 were low, which lays a foundation for the 3D printing of high-performance metal parts.