bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human influence increases the likelihood of extremely early cherry tree flowering in Kyoto
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Aono Yasuyuki , Stott Peter A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The full flowering of Kyoto’s cherry trees in 2021 was observed on the 26th of March, the earliest date recorded in over 1200 years. An early shift of the flowering season is consistent with Kyoto’s warming climate and could have serious repercussions for the local economy. It is therefore crucial to assess how human activity impacts flowering dates and alters the likelihood of extremely early flowering. To make this assessment, our study combines a risk-based attribution methodology with a phenological model that estimates full flowering dates from daily temperature data. We employ 14 state-of-the-art climate models that provide ensembles of simulations with and without the effect of anthropogenic forcings, and, using the simulated temperatures at Kyoto, we obtain representations of the cherry flowering season under different climatic conditions. An observationally-based correction is also applied to the simulated temperatures to introduce the effect of urban warming. We find a significant anthropogenic shift in the mean flowering season of over a week, about half of which is due to urban warming. By the end of the century and under medium emissions, the early shift is estimated to further increase by almost a week. Extremely early flowering dates, as in 2021, would be rare without human influence, but are now estimated to be 15 times more likely, and are expected to occur at least once a century. Such events are projected to occur every few years by 2100 when they would no longer be considered extreme.
Probability of committed warming exceeding 1.5 ∘C and 2.0 ∘C Paris targets
Authors: Sherwood Steven C , Sen Gupta Alex , Schwartz Stephen E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The feasibility of achieving the Paris 1.5 ∘C target continues to be a complex and hotly debated question. To help resolve this question we calculate probability distributions of the committed warming that would ensue if all anthropogenic emissions were stopped immediately, or at successive future times. We use a simple Earth system model together with a Bayesian approach that incorporates multiple lines of evidence and accounts for known model biases. This analysis reveals a wide range of possible outcomes, including no further warming, but also a 15% chance of overshooting the 1.5 ∘C target, and 1%–2% chance for 2 ∘C, even if all emissions had stopped in 2020. If emissions merely stabilize in 2020 and stop in 2040, these probabilities increase to 90% and 17%. The uncertainty arises mainly from that of present forcing by aerosols. Rather than there being a fixed date by which emissions must stop, the probability of reaching either target—which is already below 100%—gradually diminishes with delays in eliminating emissions, by 3%–4% per year for 1.5 ∘C.
Variational quantum eigensolver for SU(N) fermions
Authors: Consiglio Mirko , Chetcuti Wayne J , Bravo-Prieto Carlos , Ramos-Calderer Sergi , Minguzzi Anna , Latorre José I , Amico Luigi , Apollaro Tony J G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Variational quantum algorithms aim at harnessing the power of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, by using a classical optimizer to train a parameterized quantum circuit to solve tractable quantum problems. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the aforementioned algorithms designed to determine the ground-state of many-body Hamiltonians. Here, we apply the VQE to study the ground-state properties of N-component fermions. With such knowledge, we study the persistent current of interacting SU(N) fermions, which is employed to reliably map out the different quantum phases of the system. Our approach lays out the basis for a current-based quantum simulator of many-body systems that can be implemented on NISQ computers.
Diagonal unitary and orthogonal symmetries in quantum theory: II. Evolution operators
Authors: Singh Satvik , Nechita Ion 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study bipartite unitary operators which stay invariant under the local actions of diagonal unitary and orthogonal groups. We investigate structural properties of these operators, arguing that the diagonal symmetry makes them suitable for analytical study. As a first application, we construct large new families of dual unitary gates in arbitrary finite dimensions, which are important toy models for entanglement spreading in quantum circuits. We then analyze the non-local nature of these invariant operators, both in discrete (operator Schmidt rank) and continuous (entangling power) settings. Our scrutiny reveals that these operators can be used to simulate any bipartite unitary gate via stochastic local operations and classical communication. Furthermore, we establish a one-to-one connection between the set of local diagonal unitary invariant dual unitary operators with maximum entangling power and the set of complex Hadamard matrices. Finally, we discuss distinguishability of unitary operators in the setting of the stated diagonal symmetry.
Wilson loop in general representation and RG flow in 1D defect QFT
Authors: Beccaria M , Giombi S , Tseytlin A A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe generalized Wilson loop operator interpolating between the supersymmetric and the ordinary Wilson loop inN=4SYM theory provides an interesting example of renormalization group flow on a line defect: the scalar coupling parameterζhas a non-trivial beta function and may be viewed as a running coupling constant in a 1D defect QFT. In this paper we continue the study of this operator, generalizing previous results for the beta function and Wilson loop expectation value to the case of an arbitrary representation of the gauge group and beyond the planar limit. Focusing on the scalar ladder limit where the generalized Wilson loop reduces to a purely scalar line operator in a free adjoint theory, and specializing to the case of the rankksymmetric representation ofSU(N), we also consider a certain ‘semiclassical’ limit wherekis taken to infinity with the productkζ2fixed. This limit can be conveniently studied using a 1D defect QFT representation in terms ofNcommuting bosons. Using this representation, we compute the beta function and the circular loop expectation value in the largeklimit, and use it to derive constraints on the structure of the beta function for general representation. We discuss the corresponding 1D RG flow and comment on the consistency of the results with the 1D defect version of the F-theorem.
Supplementation of Facial Fat Grafting to Increase Volume Retention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schipper Jan Aart M , Vriend Linda , Tuin Aartje J , Dijkstra Pieter U , Schepers Rutger H , van der Lei Berend , Jansma Johan , Harmsen Martin C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
For decades, facial fat grafting has been used in clinical practice for volume restoration. The main challenge of this technique is variable volume retention. The addition of supplements to augment fat grafts and increase volume retention has been reported in recent years.

Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate which supplements increase volume retention in facial fat grafting as assessed by volumetric outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Methods
Embase, Medline, Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 30, 2020. Only studies assessing volume after facial fat grafting with supplementation in human subjects were included. Outcomes of interest were volume or patient satisfaction. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool.

Results
After duplicates were removed 3724 studies were screened by title and abstract. After reading 95 full-text articles, 27 studies were eligible and included for comparison. Supplementation comprised of platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, adipose tissue–derived stromal cells or bone marrow–derived stromal cells, cellular or tissue stromal vascular fraction, or nanofat. In 13 out of 22 studies the supplemented group showed improved volumetric retention and 5 out of 16 studies showed greater satisfaction. The scientific quality of the studies was rated as weak for 20 of 27 studies, moderate for 6 of 27 studies, and strong for 1 study.

Conclusions
It remains unclear if additives contribute to facial fat graft retention and there is a need to standardize methodology.

Level of Evidence: 4
Adenylate cyclase type 9 antagonizes cAMP accumulation and regulates endothelial signalling involved in atheroprotection
Authors: Rautureau Yohann , Berlatie Marianne , Rivas Daniel , Uy Kurunradeth , Blanchette Alexandre , Miquel Géraldine , Higgins Marie-Ève , Mecteau Mélanie , Nault Audrey , Villeneuve Louis , Lavoie Véronique , Théberge-Julien Gabriel , Brand Geneviève , Lapointe Line , Denis Maxime , Rosa Camille , Fortier Annik , Blondeau Lucie , Guertin Marie-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Thorin Éric , Ledoux Jonathan , Rhainds David , Rhéaume Éric , Tardif Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsThe adenylate cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) gene appears to determine atherosclerotic outcomes in patients treated with dalcetrapib. In mice, we recently demonstrated that Adcy9 inactivation potentiates endothelial function and inhibits atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize the contribution of ADCY9 to the regulation of endothelial signalling pathways involved in atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsWe show that ADCY9 is expressed in the endothelium of mouse aorta and femoral arteries. We demonstrate that ADCY9 inactivation in cultured endothelial cells paradoxically increases cAMP accumulation in response to the adenylate cyclase activators forskolin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Reciprocally, ADCY9 overexpression decreases cAMP production. Using mouse femoral artery arteriography, we show that Adcy9 inactivation potentiates VIP-induced endothelial-dependent vasodilation. Moreover, Adcy9 inactivation reduces mouse atheroma endothelial permeability in different vascular beds. ADCY9 overexpression reduces forskolin-induced phosphorylation of Ser157-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and worsens thrombin-induced fall of RAP1 activity, both leading to increased endothelial permeability. ADCY9 inactivation in thrombin-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells results in cAMP accumulation, increases p-Ser157-VASP, and inhibits endothelial permeability. MLC2 phosphorylation and actin stress fibre increases in response to thrombin were reduced by ADCY9 inactivation, suggesting actin cytoskeleton regulation. Finally, using the Miles assay, we demonstrate that Adcy9 regulates thrombin-induced endothelial permeability in vivo in normal and atherosclerotic animals.ConclusionAdcy9 is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates local cAMP and endothelial functions including permeability relevant to atherogenesis.
Mitogenomics and mitochondrial gene phylogeny decipher the evolution ofSaccharomycotinayeasts
Authors: Christinaki Anastasia C. , Kanellopoulos Spyros G. , Kortsinoglou Alexandra M. , Andrikopoulos Marios Α. , Theelen Bart , Boekhout Teun , Kouvelis Vassili N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSaccharomycotina yeasts belong to diverse clades within the kingdom of fungi and are important to human everyday life. This work investigates the evolutionary relationships among these yeasts from a mitochondrial (mt) genomic perspective. A comparative study of 155 yeast mt genomes representing all major phylogenetic lineages of Saccharomycotina was performed, including genome size and content variability, intron and intergenic regions’ diversity, genetic code alterations, and syntenic variation. Findings from this study suggest that mt genome size diversity is the result of a ceaseless random process, mainly based on genetic recombination and intron mobility. Gene order analysis revealed conserved syntenic units and many occurring rearrangements, which can be correlated with major evolutionary events as shown by the phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated mt protein matrix. For the first time, molecular dating indicated a slower mt genome divergence rate in the early stages of yeast evolution, in contrast with a faster rate in the late evolutionary stages, compared to their nuclear time divergence. Genetic code reassignments of mt genomes are a perpetual process happening in many different parallel evolutionary steps throughout the evolution of Saccharomycotina. Overall, this work shows that phylogenetic studies based on the mt genome of yeasts highlight major evolutionary events.
An ACTH-secreting tumour hidden in a congenitally hypoplastic left lung
Authors: Chen Xueyu , Zhang Yajie , Lin Jules , Li Hecheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) syndrome has historically been a therapeutic challenge because of the difficulty localizing occult ACTH-secreting tumours. Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old woman with ectopic ACTH syndrome and had an ACTH-secreting tumour hidden within a congenitally hypoplastic left lung. A satisfactory therapeutic outcome was obtained after left pneumonectomy was performed on patient in this case.
Real-World Evidence of the Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Sotrovimab for Preventing Hospitalization and Mortality in COVID-19 Outpatients
Authors: Aggarwal Neil R , Beaty Laurel E , Bennett Tellen D , Carlson Nichole E , Davis Christopher B , Kwan Bethany M , Mayer David A , Ong Toan C , Russell Seth , Steele Jeffrey , Wogu Adane F , Wynia Matthew K , Zane Richard D , Ginde Adit A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is not known whether sotrovimab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment authorized for early symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, is also effective in preventing the progression of severe disease and mortality following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant infection.MethodsIn an observational cohort study of nonhospitalized adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1 October 2021–11 December 2021, using electronic health records from a statewide health system plus state-level vaccine and mortality data, we used propensity matching to select 3 patients not receiving mAbs for each patient who received outpatient sotrovimab treatment. The primary outcome was 28-day hospitalization; secondary outcomes included mortality and severity of hospitalization.ResultsOf 10 036 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 522 receiving sotrovimab were matched to 1563 not receiving mAbs. Compared to mAb-untreated patients, sotrovimab treatment was associated with a 63% decrease in the odds of all-cause hospitalization (raw rate 2.1% vs 5.7%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], .19–.66) and an 89% decrease in the odds of all-cause 28-day mortality (raw rate 0% vs 1.0%; aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, .0–.79), and may reduce respiratory disease severity among those hospitalized.ConclusionsReal-world evidence demonstrated sotrovimab effectiveness in reducing hospitalization and all-cause 28-day mortality among COVID-19 outpatients during the Delta variant phase.
Validation of the Soleris® Coliform Method for Detection of Coliform Bacteria in Dried Cannabis Flower: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 010302
Authors: Le Quynh-Nhi , Mozola Mark , Tudor Alexandra , Horine Leo , Roman Brooke , Montei Carolyn , Zhang Lei , Biswas Preetha , Donofrio Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The Soleris® Coliform Vial is a growth-based, automated method for detection of coliform bacteria in foods and other consumer products such as nutraceuticals and cosmetics. The method was granted AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM certification for select foods after successful completion of a validation study.

Objective
The objective of the current study was to validate the Soleris coliform method for use with dried cannabis flower (&gt;0.3% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol).

Methods
A comparative matrix study was performed in which naturally contaminated dried cannabis flower was tested with the Soleris coliform method and with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual solid medium method. Multiple lots of dried cannabis flower were obtained, pre-screened for coliforms, and blended to produce test materials at four different contamination levels ranging from 4.5 to 1600 CFU/g. Each material was tested at three different Soleris detection threshold levels determined by the dilution used to inoculate the Soleris vials. Probability of detection analysis was performed to determine if differences in the number of positive results obtained with the two methods were significant.

Results
For all four dried cannabis flower materials, at all three Soleris test thresholds, there were no significant differences in the number of positive results obtained with the Soleris and cultural plating methods as determined by probability of detection analysis at P &lt; 0.05.

Conclusion
The Soleris coliform test is an accurate method for detection of coliform bacteria in dried cannabis flower.

Highlights
The Soleris coliform method provides cannabis industry QC personnel with an effective method for analysis of dried cannabis flower and produces results in 18–24 h.
A novel experimental design for boar sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Shepherd Myles J , Herickhoff Lisa A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCryopreservation of sperm is a routine technology in many livestock species, but not in swine. Frozen sperm must result in acceptable conception rates and produce 11 to 12 piglets/litter to be competitive with traditional cooled semen. The development of an extender that results in high post-thaw sperm quality and acceptable litter size requires the identification of factors that markedly affect post-thaw semen quality. The present study aims to first identify factors in boar sperm cryopreservation that significantly affect post-thaw sperm quality using an efficient, cost-effective, and relatively rapid approach. The Plackett–Burman experimental design is ideal for the screening of factors at their extreme, greatly reducing the amount of time and resources needed for a follow-up, full factorial design. Using commercial semen, a 9-factor, 12-run Plackett–Burman design was used on 10 boars split between 12 treatments. Through this method, glycerol concentration, cooling rate, antioxidant supplementation with GameteGuard (Membrane Protective Technologies, Inc. Fort Collins, CO), and straw size were identified as highly influential factors that affect post-thaw sperm quality. Extender type, starting osmolality, sodium dodecyl sulfate addition, and stepwise addition of glycerol were also influential for some but not all post-thaw sperm parameters (P &lt; 0.05). Equilibration time in the straws before freezing was determined to have no impact on post-thaw sperm quality parameters. Using the Plackett–Burman design, it can be concluded that four of the nine factors warrant detailed investigation in full factorial experiments in the development of boar sperm cryopreservation extenders.
Benefit of Biennial Fecal Occult Blood Screening on Colorectal Cancer in England: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Parmar Dharmishta , Massat Nathalie J , Sasieni Peter , Duffy Stephen W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The English national bowel cancer screening program offering a guaiac fecal occult blood test began in July 2006. In randomized controlled trials of guaiac fecal occult blood test screening, reductions in mortality were accompanied by reductions in advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to evaluate the effect of participation in the national bowel cancer screening program on stage-specific CRC incidence as a likely precursor of a mortality effect.

Methods
In this population-based case-control study, cases were individuals diagnosed with CRC aged 60-79 years between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. Two controls per case were matched on geographic region, gender, date of birth, and year of first screening invitation. Screening histories were extracted from the screening database. Conditional logistic regression with correction for self-selection bias was used to estimate odds ratios (odds ratios corrected for self-selection bias [cOR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by Duke stage, sex, and age.

Results
14 636 individuals with CRC and 29 036 without were eligible for analysis. The odds of CRC (any stage) were increased within 30 days of a screening test and decreased thereafter. No reduction in CRC (any stage) among screened individuals compared with those not screened was observed (cOR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.15). However, screened individuals had lower odds of Duke stage D CRC (cOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.93). We estimate 435 fewer Duke D CRC by age 80 years in 100 000 people screened biennially between ages 60 and 74 years compared with an unscreened cohort.

Conclusion
The impact of colorectal screening on advanced CRC incidence suggests that the program will meet its aim of reducing mortality.
Introductory Information for Therapists
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides introductory information for therapists regarding the treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia. Developments in the conceptualization of panic attacks and panic disorder in the 1980s and 1990s made possible significant improvements in the psychological treatment of panic disorder and the development of panic control treatment (PCT), a treatment for panic disorder. Since then a substantial body of evidence on the efficacy of this intervention and closely related variants containing very similar components has accumulated, and it is stipulated as a first-line treatment of choice in clinical practice guidelines. The chapter then looks at the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for agoraphobia. It also details the pharmacological treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia, before outlining the treatment program presented in this therapist guide.
Negative Cycles of Panic and Agoraphobia
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the importance of helping clients understand the negative cycles that contribute to panic attacks and agoraphobia. In addition to being informative, the therapist should give corrective feedback and facilitate the client’s discovery of the pattern of influences across thoughts, behaviors, and physiology, as well as the sequence of events that typify panic attacks and episodes of anxiety. A theme that the therapist will introduce here—and that is central to the entire treatment—is that anxiety and fear are not “all bad.” The purpose of fear and anxiety is to prepare the body and mind to deal with threat. By learning to differentiate between anxiety and fear (panic) on the basis of accurate descriptions of the response components that typically exemplify the respective states, clients acquire even more objective self-awareness and enhance their role as a behavioral scientist of their own reactions. The chapter then looks at the Step-by-Step Analysis of Panic Attack form. Step-by-step analysis is a method of identifying response components and the ways in which they cycle and influence each other.