bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buffering of mantle conditions through water cycling and thermal feedbacks maintains magmatism over geologic time
Authors: Seales Johnny , Lenardic Adrian , Richards Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Earth has remained magmatically and volcanically active over its full geologic history despite continued planetary cooling and a lack of thermal equilibrium in the mantle. Here we investigate this conundrum using data-constrained numerical models of deep-water cycling and thermal history. We find that the homologous temperature - the ratio of upper mantle to melting temperatures - initially declined but has been buffered at a nearly constant value since 2.5-2.0 billion years ago. Melt buffering is a result of the dependence of melting temperature and mantle viscosity on both mantle temperature and water content. We show that thermal and water cycling feedbacks lead to a self-regulated mantle evolution, characterised by a near-constant mantle viscosity. This occurs even though the mantle remains far from thermal equilibrium. The added feedback from water-dependent melting allows magmatism to be co-buffered over geological time. Thus, we propose that coupled thermal and water cycling feedbacks have maintained melting on Earth and associated volcanic/magmatic activity.
Climate benefit of a future hydrogen economy
Authors: Hauglustaine Didier , Paulot Fabien , Collins William , Derwent Richard , Sand Maria , Boucher Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydrogen is recognised as an important future energy vector for applications in many sectors. Hydrogen is an indirect climate gas which induces perturbations of methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapour, three potent greenhouse gases. Using data from a state-of-the-art global numerical model, here we calculate the hydrogen climate metrics as a function of the considered time-horizon and derive a 100-year Global Warming Potential of 12.8 ± 5.2 and a 20-year Global Warming Potential of 40.1 ± 24.1. The considered scenarios for a future hydrogen transition show that a green hydrogen economy is beneficial in terms of mitigated carbon dioxide emissions for all policy-relevant time-horizons and leakage rates. In contrast, the carbon dioxide and methane emissions associated with blue hydrogen reduce the benefit of a hydrogen economy and lead to a climate penalty at high leakage rate or blue hydrogen share. The leakage rate and the hydrogen production pathways are key leverages to reach a clear climate benefit from a large-scale transition to a hydrogen economy.
An automatic sediment-facies classification approach using machine learning and feature engineering
Authors: Lee An-Sheng , Enters Dirk , Huang Jyh-Jaan Steven , Liou Sofia Ya Hsuan , Zolitschka Bernd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe delineation of sediment facies provides essential background information for a broad range of investigations in geosciences but is often constrained in quality or quantity. Here we leverage improvements in machine learning and X-ray fluorescence core scanning to develop an improved approach to automatic sediment-facies classification. This approach was developed and tested on a regional-scale high-resolution elemental dataset from sediment cores covering various sediment facies typical for the southern North Sea tidal flat, Germany. We use a machine-learning-built classification model involving simple but powerful feature engineering to simulate the observational behavior of sedimentologists and find that approach has 78% accuracy, followed by error analysis. The model classifies the majority of sediment facies and also, importantly, highlights critical sections for further investigation. Research resources can thus be allocated more efficiently. We suggest that our approach could provide a generalizable blueprint that can be applied and adapted for the research question and data type at hand.
Intratracheal trimerized nanobody cocktail administration suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice
Authors: Nagata Kayoko , Utsumi Daichi , Asaka Masamitsu N. , Maeda Ryota , Shirakawa Kotaro , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Yanagida Yohei , Kawai Yugo , Sato Kei , Yamaoka Yutaro , Miyakawa Kei , Ryo Akihide , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Imura Akihiro , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are highly resistant to vaccine-induced immunity and human monoclonal antibodies.

Methods
We previously reported that two nanobodies, P17 and P86, potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. In this study, we modified these nanobodies into trimers, called TP17 and TP86 and tested their neutralization activities against Omicron BA.1 and subvariant BA.2 using pseudovirus assays. Next, we used TP17 and TP86 nanobody cocktail to treat ACE2 transgenic mice infected with lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 strains, original, Delta and Omicron BA.1.

Results
Here, we demonstrate that a novel nanobody TP86 potently neutralizes both BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron variants, and that the TP17 and TP86 nanobody cocktail broadly neutralizes in vitro all VOCs as well as original strain. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of this nanobody cocktail suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of human ACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 strains, original, Delta and Omicron BA.1.

Conclusions
Intratracheal trimerized nanobody cocktail administration suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice.
Adaptive super‐twisting control of underwater intervention system considering dynamic couplings and uncertainties
Authors: Xiong Xinyang , Xiang Xianbo , Zhang Qin , Yang Shaolong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderwater vehicle‐manipulator system (UVMS) is an emerging advanced equipment in underwater intervention scenarios. Several challenges limiting the performance of UVMS's manipulator are treated as burning issues, such as dynamic coupling effects, system uncertainties, disturbances etc. In this article, a novel lightly computational adaptive neural network based backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control framework is proposed for underwater manipulator trajectory control in UVMS intervention scenario. First, a backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control (BSSTSMC) scheme is derived, in which the chattering phenomenon of traditional sliding mode control is reduced effectively. Compared with other chattering‐free methods, the higher order control theory maintains the system robustness as well as control accuracy better. Second, a modified neural network (NN) is introduced to predict the unknown system dynamics with the consideration of coupling effects in real‐time. Then, a dimension compression strategy (DCS) for the NN's input layer is proposed to reduce the computational burden and improve the predict performance. Next, based on the Lyapunov method, the system stability is proved, in which the related error variables are guaranteed to be uniformly bounded. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed DCS‐NN‐BSSTSMC framework through the comparison with other controllers.
PID controller‐based adaptive gradient optimizer for deep neural networks
Authors: Dai Mingjun , Zhang Zelong , Lai Xiong , Lin Xiaohui , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to improper selection of gradient update direction or learning rate, SGD optimization algorithms for deep learning suffer from oscillation and slow convergence. Although Adam algorithm can adaptively adjust the update direction and learning rate at the same time, it still has the overshoot phenomenon, and hence suffers from wasting computing resources and slow convergence. In this work, the PID controller from the feedback control area is borrowed to re‐express the adaptive optimization algorithm (the Adam optimization algorithm is derived into the integral I component form) of deep learning. In order to alleviate the overshoot phenomenon and hence speed up the convergence of Adam, a complete adaptive PID optimizer (adaptive‐PID) is proposed by incorporating the proportional P and derivative D component. Extensive experiments on standard data sets verify that the proposed adaptive‐PID algorithm significantly outperforms Adam algorithm in terms of convergence rate and accuracy.
A new protection algorithm for tackling the impact of fault‐resistance and cloud energy storage on coordination of recloser‐fuse protection
Authors: Yazdaninejadi Amin , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPresenting cloud energy storage system (CESS) in the landscape of storage devices exposes microgrids (MGs) to a substantial change. Employing a specific type of inverter namely synchronverter as the connecting interface for CESS gains high inertial response in MGs with high penetration level of inverter‐based distributed generations (IBDGs). However, high fault contribution of synchronverters can lead to challenging issues. Nevertheless, presence of fault resistance which results in malfunctioning of the recloser‐fuse pair intensifies the cruciality of the dilemma. In this paper, at the outset, the effects of contribution of synchronverter‐based CESS and also fault resistance on recloser‐fuse protection are explored and then, a new algorithm is proposed for tackling these bottlenecks. To overcome these hurdles, the conventional recloser‐fuse scheme is applied at first. Then, by using the obtained schemes for fast and slow operations of the recloser, a specific part of them is set in a manner that the fuse‐saving task is performed properly even when the synchronverter‐based CESS is deployed. On the other hand, the other part of the recloser scheme is altered in a way that the maloperation of the recloser‐fuse pair owing to the fault resistance is alleviated. Adequate numerical analyses are conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme.
Research on 3D reconstruction technology of large‐scale substation equipment based on NeRF
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Yang Rui , Liu Yunpeng , Xu Wenxuan , Zhang Gonghao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe high‐quality 3D model is the key to digital twin and visualization. Here, the neural radiation field (NeRF) is applied to greatly improve the speed and accuracy of 3D reconstruction of large‐scale substation equipment. The incremental SFM algorithm is used to accurately position the camera in open scenes, and the frame extraction experiment indicates that the single angle increment should not be greater than 8°. The reconstruction test is carried out on the power transformer and high‐voltage experimental equipment following the circular shooting track for instant‐NGP (a variant of NeRF). Compared with the traditional 3D reconstruction method, the speed of reconstruction is accelerated by 23–55 times, and the fidelity is improved by 2–3 times. Also, the deployment scheme of NeRF in the digital twin technology of large‐scale substation equipment is proposed. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of NeRF in practical application.
Novel denoizing method for partial discharge signals using singular value decomposition and spectral subtraction
Authors: Xu Yifan , Jing Yan , Wang Yanxin , He Ruixin , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPartial discharge (PD) detection is essential in assessing the insulation state of electrical equipment. However, PD signals are often overwhelmed by interference, resulting in inaccurate detection results. Aiming at this problem, this study proposes a PD detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and improved spectral subtraction. First, the test signal is constructed as a Hankel matrix, which is used as a trajectory matrix for the SVD. Next, the singular value mutation point in the feature matrix is set as the threshold for removing the narrowband interference (NBI), and a signal containing only white noise is obtained. Finally, the improved spectral subtraction is used to remove white noise and improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The method proposed herein, along with the variational mode decomposition, the empirical mode decomposition, and the improved threshold wavelet method, are applied to the processing of PD signals. Also, the SNR value, waveform similarity coefficient, and mean square error of the denoizing signal of the four algorithms were calculated, considering the noise suppression and feature preservation abilities. The simulation and measurement results show that the SVD‐spectral subtraction method has a strong suppression effect on narrow‐band interference and white noise. Compared with other algorithms, this method can significantly improve the execution efficiency and has great application prospects.
Statistical analysis of Al III and C III] emission lines as virial black hole mass estimators in quasars
Authors: Buendia-Rios T. M. , Negrete C. A. , Marziani P. , Dultzin D. 
Published: November 2022

Aims. We test the usefulness of the intermediate ionisation lines Al IIIλ1860 and C III]λ1909 as reliable virial mass estimators for quasars.
Methods. We identified a sample of 309 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16) in the redshift range 1.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 that have [O II]λ3728 recorded on the same spectrum as Al IIIλ1860, Si III]λ1892, and C III]λ1909. We set the systemic quasar redshift using careful measurements of [O II]λ3728. We then classified the sources as Population A (Pop. A), extreme Population A (Pop. xA), and Population B (Pop. B), and analysed the 1900 Å blend using multi-component models to look for systematic line shifts of Al IIIλ1860 and C III]λ1909 along the quasar main sequence.
Results. We do not find significant shifts of the Al IIIλ1860 line peak in Pop. B or in the vast majority of Pop. A. For Pop. xA, a small median blueshift of −250 km s−1 was observed, motivating a decomposition of the Al III line profile into a virialised component centred at rest frame and a blueshifted component for an outflow emission. For Pop. B objects, we proved the empirical necessity to fit a redshifted very broad component, clearly seen in C III], and analysed the physical implications on a Pop. B composite spectrum using CLOUDY simulations. We find consistent black hole mass estimations using Al III and C III] as virial estimators for the bulk of Pop. A.
Conclusions. Al III (and even C III]) is a reliable virial black hole mass estimator for Pop. A and Pop. B objects. The Pop. xA sources deserve special attention due to the significant blueshifted excess observed in the line profile of Al III, although it is not as large as the excess observed in C IVλ1549.
Forecasts for cosmological measurements based on the angular power spectra of AGN and clusters of galaxies in the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey
Authors: Bykov S. , Gilfanov M. , Sunyaev R. 
Published: November 2022

Context. The eROSITA X-ray telescope aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) orbital observatory, in the course of its all-sky survey, is expected to detect about three million active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and approximately one hundred thousand clusters and groups of galaxies. Such a sample, clean and uniform, complemented with redshift information, will open a new window into the studies of the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe and the determination of its cosmological parameters.
Aims. The purpose of this work is to assess the prospects of cosmological measurements with the eROSITA sample of AGNs and clusters of galaxies. We assumed the availability of photometric redshift measurements for eROSITA sources and explored the impact of their quality on our forecasts.
Methods. As the LSS probe, we use the redshift-resolved angular power spectrum of the density fluctuations of objects. We employed a Fisher-matrix formalism and assumed flat ΛCDM cosmology to forecast the constraining power of eROSITA samples of AGNs and clusters of galaxies. We computed the LSS-relevant characteristics of AGNs and clusters in the framework of the halo model and their X-ray luminosity functions. As the baseline scenario, we considered the full four-year all-sky survey and investigated the impact of reducing the survey length to two years.
Results. We find that the accuracy of photometric redshift estimates has a more profound effect on cosmological measurements than the fraction of catastrophic errors. Under realistic assumptions about the photometric redshift quality, the marginalised errors on the cosmological parameters achieve 1 − 10% accuracy depending on the cosmological priors used from other experiments. The statistical significance of Baryon acoustic oscillation detection in angular power spectra of AGNs and clusters of galaxies considered individually achieves 5 − 6σ. Our results demonstrate that the eROSITA sample of AGNs and clusters of galaxies used in combination with currently available photometric redshift estimates will provide cosmological constraints on a par with dedicated optical LSS surveys.
The link between infall location, early disc size, and the fraction of self-gravitationally fragmenting discs
Authors: Schib O. , Mordasini C. , Helled R. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Many protoplanetary discs are self-gravitating early in their lives. If they fragment under their own gravity, they form bound gaseous clumps that can evolve to become giant planets. Today, the fraction of discs that undergo fragmentation, and therefore also the frequency of conditions that may lead to giant planet formation via gravitational instability, is still unknown.
Aims. We study the formation and evolution of a large number of star-disc systems, focusing on the early sizes of the discs and their likelihood to fragment. We investigate how the fraction of discs that fragments depends on the disc-size distribution at early times.
Methods. We performed a population synthesis of discs from formation to dispersal. Whilst varying the infall radius, we study the relationship between early disc size and fragmentation. Furthermore, we investigate how stellar accretion heating affects the fragmentation fraction.
Results. We find that discs fragment only if they become sufficiently large early in their lives. This size depends sensitively on where mass is added to the discs during the collapse of their parent molecular cloud core. Infall locations derived from pure hydrodynamic and non-ideal magnetised collapse simulations lead to large and small discs, respectively, and 22 and 0% fragmentation fractions, respectively, in populations representative of the initial mass function; however, the resulting synthetic disc size distribution is larger and smaller, respectively, than the observed Class 0 disc size distribution. By choosing intermediate infall locations, leading to a synthetic disc size distribution that is in agreement with the observed one, we find a fragmentation fraction of between 0.1 and 11%, depending on the efficiency of stellar accretion heating of the discs.
Conclusions. We conclude that the frequency of fragmentation is strongly affected by the early formation process of the disc and its interaction with the star. The early disc size is mainly determined by the infall location during the collapse of the molecular cloud core and controls the population-wide frequency of fragmentation. Stellar accretion heating also plays an important role in fragmentation and must be studied further. Our work is an observationally informed step towards a prediction of the frequency of giant planet formation by gravitational instability. Upcoming observations and theoretical studies will further our understanding of the formation and early evolution of discs in the near future. This will eventually allow us to understand how infall, disc morphology, giant planet formation via gravitational instability, and the observed extrasolar planet population are linked.
Human-plant centric shading control: Considering the impact of shading systems on both occupants’ and plants’ requirements
Authors: Kheybari Abolfazl Ganji , Kasravi Morteza 
Published: December 2022

Traditionally, control strategies are applied to automate switchable electrochromic glazing systems (EC) to save energy and provide comfort for occupants indoors. In addition, the plants’ minimum requirements and the consequences of active shading on the supplemental artificial lighting for plants should be considered when designers want to embrace Biophilic design.
This paper introduces a simulation workflow to evaluate the impact of shading activation on both human and plant requirements year-round using combined climate-based daylight (Radiance) and building energy simulation tool (TRNSYS).
Finally, the simulated total electricity demand for supplemental lighting for plants in a prototypical office room in temperate climate condition are presented and discussed under different control strategies.
Energy performance and scenario analyses of a multistorey apartment building in Norway
Authors: Trulsrud Tonje Healey , Andresen Inger , Gaitani Niki 
Published: December 2022

Plus Energy Buildings are perceived as a strategy in the energy transition and to promote decarbonization of the building stock. This paper presents the design development of a plus energy demonstration project based on building performance simulations performed with IDA-ICE for energy strategies and future scenarios.
The objective of the design strategies was to reduce the primary energy consumption, while ensuring a satisfactory indoor environment. Future scenarios for climate change, user behavior, and energy flexibility were developed to analyze the impact on the building's energy performance.
Results from the analyses reveal the expected building performance with respect to energy and indoor environment standards, and robustness with respect to meeting the standards under different scenarios for occupant behavior and climate conditions. According to the simulation results, the building design is robust and can adapt to changes in exterior conditions.
Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking for Treatment of Keratoconus in Children and Adolescents under 18 Years of Age
Authors: Xanthopoulou Kassandra , Milioti Georgia , Daas Loay , Munteanu Cristian , Seitz Berthold , Flockerzi Elias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of accelerated (9 mW/cm2, 10 min) epithelium-off (epi-off) corneal crosslinking (A-CXL) in keratoconus (KC) patients < 18 years of
age.
Patients and Methods Our retrospective study included 41 eyes (25 male and 5 female patients, mean age 15.3 ± 1.2 years) who underwent A-CXL (9 mW/cm2, 10 min) because of
progressive KC or critical KC at first presentation or asymmetrical finding in the partner eye. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and tomography readings (Pentacam
HR, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), evaluated 2 years, 1 year, 6 months preoperatively, prior to surgery (pre-CXL) and 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, > 2 years postoperatively (post-CXL).
The demarcation line was assessed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-1000 and CASIA 2, Tomey, Nagoya, Japan).
Results Total deviation value increased statistically significantly 6 months pre-CXL to pre-CXL. Anterior steep, flat, and mean keratometry values showed a statistically significant
increase 6 weeks post-CXL (p < 0.05), followed by a significant decrease until 2 years post-CXL for steep and mean keratometry. Kmax increased 6 weeks post-CXL without
statistical significance and decreased significantly even > 2 years post-CXL (p < 0.0001). Posterior keratometry as well as anterior and posterior astigmatism did not show any
significant changes post-CXL. Thinnest and apical pachymetry decreased significantly until 6 months post-CXL (p < 0.05) and remained stable > 2 years post-CXL (p > 0.05). BCVA
decreased 6 weeks post-CXL but improved significantly > 2 years post-CXL (p = 0.003). The demarcation line reached an average depth of 52.1%.
Conclusions Epi-off A-CXL stabilizes KC progression in patients < 18 years even > 2 years postoperatively and leads to a deep demarcation line. A “pseudoprogression” is
observed up to the 6-week follow-up, which is not indicative of the long-term results.