bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative reproductive ecology of two sisterAsarumspecies (Aristolochiaceae) in relation to the evolution of elongated floral appendage
Authors: Takahashi D. , Sakaguchi S. , Teramine T. , Setoguchi H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenusAsarum(Aristolochiaceae) shows diverse floral morphology and is hypothesized to have diversified as a result of pollinator‐mediated selection. Yet most aspects of their reproductive ecology, including pollinators, remain unclear. This study focuses onA. costatumandA. minamitanianumin Japan, a sister species pair having remarkable differences in calyx lobe length (10–20 mm and 70–180 mm, respectively). The objectives of this study are to elucidate multiple aspects of reproductive ecology of these two species and obtain evolutionary insights into floral organ elongation.We adopted combined approaches, including field observations, molecular analyses and cultivation experiments, such as pollinator observation for 3 years, fine‐scale spatial genetic analysis of 769 individuals, paternity analysis based on 566 seeds over 4 years, and control pollination experiments.BothAsarumspecies had strong spatial genetic structures, indicating limited seed dispersal. Pollinator observation revealed that flies and ground‐dwelling insects visited flowers of both species, but that the pollinator fauna differed between the species. The visitation rate of flies was extremely low but was more than twice as high in the species with an elongated floral appendage. Paternity analysis revealedA. minamitanianumwas predominantly outcrossing, whileA. costatumshowed a wide range of selfing rates among fruits.These twoAsarumspecies are likely adapted to fly pollination in the shady forest understorey, where available pollinator fauna is limited. In addition, although its function remains unclear, the elongated calyx lobe ofA. minamitanianumcould have evolved for effective pollen dispersal by attracting fly visitors.
Discovery of resistance to Pratylenchus neglectus among P. thornei‐resistant Iranian landrace wheats and the introgression of both resistances into advanced breeding lines
Authors: Sheedy Jason G. , Lin Jing , Thompson John P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRoot‐lesion nematodes (RLNs) Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are globally important pathogens of cereal and pulse crops. These RLNs can occur together in farming systems and must be managed concurrently to minimize substantial yield losses in intolerant crop cultivars. Australian wheat cultivars with resistance to P. neglectus, have either the Rlnn1 resistance gene, which provides a high level of resistance but is linked with yellow flour colour that reduces cultivar marketability for bread production, or QRlnn.lrc‐2B, which provides moderate resistance. We evaluated a collection of 91 P. thornei‐resistant Iranian landrace wheats (ILWs) for their resistance to P. neglectus in four glasshouse experiments to (a) identify genotypes with resistance to both RLNs, (b) determine if any genotypes carried Rlnn1 and/or QRlnn.lrc‐2B and (c) develop ILW‐derived advanced breeding lines (ABLs) with resistance to both RLNs. A factor analytic linear mixed model (FA‐1) that explained 70% of the genetic variation, where the genetic correlations between the experiments ranged from 0.54 to 0.77, was used for the combined analysis of all experiments. Seven P. neglectus‐resistant genotypes were identified, with five that had potentially novel resistance. Subsequently, six breeding lines that were resistant to both RLNs were developed by crossing six ILWs with Australian cultivars and selecting for resistance in each generation. Both the ILWs and ABLs will be valuable genetic resources for wheat breeders to develop cultivars with dual resistance, enabling better management of mixed RLN populations with novel P. neglectus resistance that potentially is not linked with yellow flour colour.
Deep personal relationships, value, merit, and change
Authors: Hooker Brad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA paper of Roger Crisp’s four years ago contained arguments that seemed to imply that having deep personal relationships does not constitute an element of well‐being. The lesson to draw from that paper of Crisp’s, according to a recent journal article of mine, is that one’s having a deep personal relationship does constitute an element of one’s well‐being on condition that one’s affection for the other person is merited. Crisp’s paper earlier in this issue of Ratio responds to my arguments. Here I reply to new questions that Crisp poses or provokes.
Stability of the inverse scattering problem for the self‐adjoint matrix Schrödinger operator on the half line
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Chuan , Bondarenko Natalia Pavlovna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the inverse scattering problem for the self‐adjoint matrix Schrödinger operator on the half line. We estimate the difference of two potentials and the difference of the two unitary matrices in the boundary conditions when the two sets of scattering data are close enough (or coincide) on a finite interval, which implies the stability of the inverse scattering problem.
Market shaping: Understanding the role of non‐government actors in social care quasi‐market stewardship
Authors: Green Celia , Carey Gemma , Malbon Eleanor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs market‐based responses to social care have grown in popularity across the world, the need for good stewardship of social care quasi‐markets is increasingly becoming a concern for governments. The market stewardship literature has focused almost exclusively on the role of government and central agencies. However, non‐government actors also play an important role in shaping quasi‐markets. We examine the market stewardship activities being conducted by non‐government actors in the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a large social care quasi‐market. Results show a wide range of non‐government actors are conducting both direct and indirect stewardship activities that are actively shaping the NDIS market. These include activities focused on both the participant side of the market such as advocacy and information provision and on the provider side such as connecting consumers with services, assisting providers with regulatory and administrative requirements and marketing for providers. We argue that for effective stewardship of the NDIS these activities need to be acknowledged and supported by central government. For this to occur we suggest development of a framework for distributed stewardship using principles of joined up government working. Such a framework could help inform stewardship actions across different personalisation quasi‐markets.
Moving xenotransplantation from bench to bedside: Managing infectious risk
Authors: Nellore Anoma , Walker Jeremey , Kahn Mauricio J. , Fishman Jay A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractXenotransplantation of organs from swine in immunosuppressed human recipients poses many of the same challenges of allotransplantation relative to the risk for infection, malignancy, or graft rejection in proportion to the degree of immunosuppression and epidemiologic exposures. The unique features of xenotransplantation from pigs relative to infectious risk center on the potential for unusual organisms derived from swine causing productive infection, “xenosis” or “xenozoonosis,” in the host. Based on experience in allotransplantation, the greatest hazard is due to viruses, due to the relative lack of information regarding the behavior of these potential pathogens in humans, the absence of validated serologic and molecular assays for swine‐derived pathogens, and uncertainty regarding the efficacy of therapeutic agents for these organisms. Other known, potential pathogens (i.e., bacteria, fungi, parasites) tend to be comparable to those of humans. Concerns remain for unknown organisms in swine that may replicate in immunosuppressed humans. Clinical trials of genetically modified organs sourced from swine in immunosuppressed humans with organ failure are under development. Such trials require informed consent regarding potential infectious risks to the recipient, determination of breeding characteristics of swine, assessments of potential risks to the public and healthcare providers, consideration of ethical issues posed by this novel therapy, and defined strategies to monitor and address infectious episodes that may be encountered by healthcare teams. Clinical trials in xenotransplantation will allow improved definition of potential infectious risks.
Preparing small‐dose red cell concentrates (RCCs) for neonatal and pediatric transfusions: Impact of RCC volume, storage, and irradiation
Authors: Olafson Carly , William Nishaka , Howell Anita , Beaudin Lynnette , Gill Balkar , Clarke Gwen , Stephens Stephanie , Lopes‐Carvalho Dora , Lane Debra , Schubert Peter , McTaggart Ken , Acker Jason P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreparing small‐dose red cell concentrates (RCCs) is a common practice for pediatric and neonatal transfusions. However, there is a lack of quality monitoring data to indicate that both the preparation and storage of small‐dose RCCs does not alter in vitro red cell quality. The present study seeks to provide data to support this practice.Materials and methodsTo evaluate quality of stored small aliquots, six ABO/Rh matched leukoreduced citrate phosphate‐dextrose/saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (LR CPD/SAGM) RCCs were pooled and split into 30 ml aliquots, 80 ml aliquots, and a standard 290 ml unit, with testing performed for up to 43 days post‐collection. To evaluate the impact of irradiation on small‐dose RCC preparation, a total of 48 independent LR CPD/SAGM RCCs were used (non‐irradiated: n = 24; irradiated: n = 24). Aliquoting with/without irradiation was performed within 7 days of collection and baseline testing was performed within 24 h of aliquot production.ResultsLimited variability in hemolysis, mean cell volume, and extracellular potassium concentrations were seen between the different aliquot sizes throughout the 43‐day storage period. Aliquot production did not accentuate damage based on any of these tested parameters in both the non‐irradiated and irradiated subsets. A significant increase was seen in the potassium concentrations in the irradiated parent and aliquot samples relative to their non‐irradiated counterparts.ConclusionsNon‐irradiated small‐aliquot dose RCCs meet in vitro quality criteria required for safe transfusion throughout the 42‐day storage period. The same can be said for aliquots derived from irradiated units and tested within 24 h of aliquot production.
Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria following single induction dose of propofol in a dog
Authors: Cervone Mario , Nectoux Alexandra , Pouzot‐Nevoret Celine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria following single induction dose of propofol in a dog.Case SummaryA 5‐year‐old intact male Shih‐Tzu dog was presented for pigmenturia occurring a few hours following anesthesia for comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment. After premedication with IV diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane vaporized in oxygen. A few hours following recovery from anesthesia, the dog developed rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase and C‐reactive protein concentrations, as well as mild hypokalemia and euglycemic glycosuria. Approximately 48 hours after IV fluid therapy, the dog was clinically normal, and myoglobinuria progressively resolved.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first case description of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria following a single dose of injectable propofol.
Financial sustainability of rural water supply: An analysis of cost recovery, revenue collection, and efficiency
Authors: Mohanty Tapasi , Rout Himanshu Sekhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaintaining a financial sustainable pipe water supply (PWS) is one of the serious challenges in sustainable provision of water supply in rural areas. Poor revenue collection and willingness to pay for the service is adding severity to the problem. This study analyses the factors affecting revenue collection in rural water utilities and measures its efficiency in maximizing revenue and average hour of water supply per day. The findings convey that cost recovery is a failure in rural water supply even they are not able to generate revenue. Inactive community participation, the notion of free water supply, unaccountable payment is main reason for poor revenue collection. Therefore, active community participations, educating the household on water supply, adoption of accountable payment mode will be a step towards revenue generation. To attain efficiency, the utilities can expand their output revenue and hours of water supply by 22% without altering their input. This study is an empirical contribution in the field of sustainable provision of water supplies, which address the problem of poor revenue generation in rural water supply and find out the reason for it.
Visualising and quantifying microvascular structure and function in patients with heart failure using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Sciarrone David F. G. , McLaughlin Robert A. , Argarini Raden , To Minh‐Son , Naylor Louise H. , Bolam Lucy M. , Carter Howard H. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is characterised by abnormal conduit and resistance artery function in humans. Microvascular function in HF is less well characterised, due in part to the lack of tools to image these vessels in vivo. The skin microvasculature is a surrogate for systemic microvascular function and health and plays a key role in thermoregulation, which is dysfunctional in HF. We deployed a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to visualise and quantify microvascular structure and function in 10 subjects with HF and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. OCT images were obtained from the ventral aspect of the forearm, at baseline (33°C) and after 30 min of localised skin heating. At rest, OCT‐derived microvascular density (20.3 ± 8.7%, P = 0.004), diameter (35.1 ± 6.0 μm, P = 0.006) and blood flow (82.9 ± 41.1 pl/s, P = 0.021) were significantly lower in HF than CON (27.2 ± 8.0%, 40.4 ± 5.8 μm, 110.8 ± 41.9 pl/s), whilst blood speed was not significantly lower (74.3 ± 11.0 μm/s vs. 81.3 ± 9.9 μm/s, P = 0.069). After local heating, the OCT‐based density, diameter, blood speed and blood flow of HF patients were similar (all P > 0.05) to CON. Although abnormalities exist at rest which may reflect microvascular disease status, patients with HF retain the capacity to dilate cutaneous microvessels in response to localised heat stress. This is a novel in vivo human observation of microvascular dysfunction in HF, illustrating the feasibility of OCT to directly visualise and quantify microvascular responses to physiological stimuli in vivo.
imageKey points
Microvessels in the skin are critical to human thermoregulation, which is compromised in participants with heart failure (HF).
We have developed a powerful new non‐invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐based approach for the study of microvascular structure and function in vivo.
Our approach enabled us to observe and quantify abnormal resting microvascular function in participants with HF.
Patients with HF were able to dilate skin microvessels in response to local heat stress, arguing against an underlying structural abnormality. This suggests that microvascular functional regulation is the primary abnormality in HF.
OCT can be used to directly visualise and quantify microvascular responses to physiological stimuli in vivo.
Performance Investigation of a Bladeless Air Compressor
Authors: Tiwari Ravi Nath , Reggio Federico , Renuke Avinash , Pascenti Matteo , Traverso Alberto , Ferrari Mario Luigi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the reversible operation of a bladeless air expander prototype operated reversibly in compressor mode to understand the performance by numerical method and compare its results experimentally. A bladeless machine can reverse its operation by simply inverting the rotational speed. However, expander and compressor performance may differ significantly since losses are exacerbated in the compressor mode. The prototype was previously tested as an expander (experimental highest isentropic efficiency of 36.5%). In this work, the reverse mode is discussed, when the prototype is actuated as a compressor, with and without diffuser at variable rotational speeds. In compressor mode, the fluid enters through the center axially, passes radially outwards through disk gaps, and exits throughout the diffuser. The momentum transfer and pressure gain are carried out by the shear force produced on the surface of the rotating disk. An experimental/theoretical analysis focused on the pressure ratio, mass flow, and efficiency of bladeless compressor is conducted. High losses (main leakage across the rotor) were noticed during the experiments, affecting the overall Tesla compressor performance. Numerical calculations are carried out to estimate leakage losses by comparison with experimental results. It is shown that the original expander design would require specific modifications to reduce end disk leakages, which are higher in compressor mode than in expansion mode, significantly affecting the elaborated net mass flow. Improved diffuser, scroll, disk end gaps, and sealing mechanisms are discussed in order to augment overall performance of the bladeless prototype in compressor mode.
Three-Dimensional Printing in Combined Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates
Authors: Shi Edward , Lou Leo , Warburton Linnea , Rubinsky Boris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that facilitates continuous printing along a combination of Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates, designed for in vivo and in situ bioprinting, is introduced. The combined Cartesian/curvilinear printing head motion is accomplished by attaching a biomimetic, flexible, “tendon cable” soft robot arm to a conventional Cartesian three axis 3D printing carousel. This allows printing along a combination of Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates using five independent stepper motors controlled by an Arduino Uno with each motor requiring a microstep driver powered via a 12 V power supply. Three of the independent motors control the printing head motion along conventional Cartesian coordinates while two of the independent motors control the length of each pair of the four “tendon cables” which in turn controls the radius of curvature and the angle displacement of the soft printer head along two orthogonal planes. This combination imparts motion along six independent degrees-of-freedom in Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates. The design of the system is described together with experimental results, which demonstrate that this design can print continuously along curved and inclined surfaces while avoiding the “staircase” effect, which is typical of conventional three axis 3D printing along curvilinear surfaces.
Torsional Wave Propagation and Vibration Reducing of Phononic Crystal Pipe With Periodic Torsional Support
Authors: Wu Jiang-hai , Zhu Hong-zhen , Sun Yu-dong , Su Ming-zhu , Yin Zhi-yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, torsional vibration band gap properties of a fluid filled pipe were studied by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). By comparing the results obtained from the fem software, the established torsional dynamic model and the proposed method were verified. The effects of pipe wall's material and parameters of support on the torsional vibration band gap properties were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between torsional displacement and vibration band gaps was investigated. These attenuation regions of responses show good agreement with the frequency of Bragg band gaps. Explained the locally resonant (LR) phononic crystals (PCs) band gaps form mechanism from the point of mechanical impedance mismatch theory, the results show that the peak frequency of impedance mismatch defines the beginning of both LRs and Bragg band gaps. In essence, the locally resonant is the same as periodic support from the impedance theory. The results of this paper could give some valuable suggestions on the vibration control of the pipeline system.
Flow Control for a Submerged Inlet
Authors: Xie Wenzhong , Zeng Cheng , Wang Zhenyu , Guo Shengmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Submerged inlets have the advantages of low drag, clean outer profile, and excellent stealth performance. Previous studies indicate that the zones of large total-pressure loss, located at the bottom and top regions of the exit plane, are the main cause of the poor aerodynamic performance in a submerged inlet. To improve the performance, a flow-control method is proposed in this paper, which includes both ramp side boundary layer bleeding and entrance side-edge vortex diverting. With numerical simulations, the efficacy of the proposed flow control is examined by comparing the aerodynamic performance and flow-field pattern of a baseline inlet and a controlled inlet over the typical flight envelope. The results prove that the proposed flow-control method can effectively discharge the low-energy flow of the forebody boundary layer on the ramp and isolate the major low-energy flow of the side-edge vortex. The proposed flow-control method results in a large improvement in the aerodynamic performance over the whole flight envelope. Specifically, the total pressure recovery (σ) of the inlet with the proposed flow-control features raises 3.06%, and the distortion (DC60) and the swirl distortion (SC60) lessen by 72.57% and 17.73%, respectively, in contrast to the baseline inlet under the engine matching point of cruise state (Ma0=0.72, α=2 deg, β=0 deg, Ma2=0.39).
Is Motor Coordination the Key to Success in Youth Cycling?
Authors: Mostaert Mireille , Vansteenkiste Pieter , Laureys Felien , Rommers Nikki , Pion Johan , Deconinck Frederik J.A. , Lenoir Matthieu 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of a (non-)sport-specific test battery on the future success of young cyclists, test scores were compared with competition performances 2–3 years later. Methods: Three motor coordination, 5 physical performance, and 2 cycling-specific measurements were collected in 111 U15 (13.0–14.9 y) and 67 U17 (15.0–16.9 y) male road cyclists. In addition, maturity status, relative age, and competition history were assessed. National and provincial competition results 2–3 years later, in the U17year2 and U19year2 categories, were submitted to 2 separate 4-stage hierarchical regressions. Results: The results of the model of the U15 group revealed that maturity, relative age, competition history, motor coordination, physical performance, and cycling-specific performance accounted for 22.6% of the variance in competitive success. For the U15 category, only maturity and motor coordination were significant predictors of competitive success in the U17year2 category. Maturity and motor coordination each uniquely explained ±5% of the variance. However, for the U17 group—neither motor coordination, physical performance, nor cycling-specific performance could predict competitive success in the U19year2 category. Conclusions: The current study underlines the importance of general motor coordination as a building block necessary for optimal development in youth cycling. However, considering the lack of predictive value from the U17 category onward, other features may determine further development of youth athletes. Nevertheless, it is questioned why athletes need to possess a minimum level of all physical, motor coordination, and cycling-specific characteristics to experience success and enjoyment in their sport.