bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InSAR-derived present-day crustal movement of Daliangshan on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gong Wenyu , Song Xiaogang , Zhang Yingfeng , Hua Jun , Sun Haoyue , Zhao Dezheng , Zhu Chuanhua , Shan Xianjian 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThe Daliangshan area of Sichuan, China, is located on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. It marks the central section of the left-lateral Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault System (XXFS), which plays a crucial role in accommodating clockwise vertical-axis rotation of the expanding Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to the South China Block. The area is seismically and tectonically active, and three major active faults—the Anninghe fault (ANHF), Zemuhe fault (ZMHF) and Daliangshan fault (DLSF)—together accommodate a significant amount of left-lateral strike-slip motion. Here, we present a geodetic study of the Daliangshan area mainly based on satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). We processed Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS2) Phased-Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR2) imagery to reconstruct the present-day interseismic deformation field. We developed an optimal atmospherics phase correction strategy to overcome the significant artefacts caused by ionospheric and tropospheric. By applying a multitemporal analysis on corrected interferograms, for the first time we generated a spatially continuous deformation rate field for the Daliangshan area. The satellite line-of-sight (LOS) rate field agrees with Global Positioning System (GPS) and levelling data to ∼2 mm yr–1, confirming that our processing approach is suitable for use in heavily vegetated areas. The InSAR rate map reveals displacements along the central and southern segments of the DLSF and ZMHF. By applying an inversion based on the Okada model, we quantitatively estimated the kinematic parameters of fault segments. Assuming a simple rectangular fault plane for each fault segment and constrained with the prior knowledge of the left-lateral slip, we determined that the ZMHF has a slip rate of 5.06$\pm 0.99{\rm{\ mm}}\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$ with a rake angle of ∼$38^\circ $ gently dipping to the SW. The southern section of the DLSF has a rake of $- 48^\circ \,\,{\rm to}\,\, - 41^\circ $ with the total slip rate of $4.93 \pm 0.4{\rm{\ mm}}\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$, dipping towards to the NE at $63.50^\circ \pm 2.31^\circ $. The modelled 3-D rate field has been validated with GPS and levelling measurements. Additionally, the inversion model and strain field suggest that the middle section of the DLSF undergoes strong deformation. We considered the implications of three factors—oblique convergence, gravity-driven movement, and the ELIP beneath the Sichuan–Yunnan area—for complex 3-D velocities in the transitional Daliangshan area.
Compilation of English Entries in the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations
Authors: Lukančič Mojca Kompara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article presents the compilation of entries for English abbreviations starting with A, which is part of a larger work, the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations (CSDA), which is available on the Termania webpage. The structure of the entries was determined following an analysis of the layout and characteristics of entries in English dictionaries of abbreviations. Eleven Slovene terminological dictionaries and seven English dictionaries of abbreviations were examined to determine the structure of the entries. Based on the examples presented, a compilation structure was determined, and examples of entries for English abbreviations starting with A are presented. The structure used for the English abbreviations is an example of good practice that will be used in further compilation of CSDA.
Practical fundamental rights impact assessments
Authors: Janssen Heleen , Seng Ah Lee Michelle , Singh Jatinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation tasks organizations to perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) to consider fundamental rights risks of their artificial intelligence (AI) system. However, assessing risks can be challenging, as fundamental rights are often considered abstract in nature. So far, guidance regarding DPIAs has largely focussed on data protection, leaving broader fundamental rights aspects less elaborated. This is problematic because potential negative societal consequences of AI systems may remain unaddressed and damage public trust in organizations using AI. Towards this, we introduce a practical, four-Phased framework, assisting organizations with performing fundamental rights impact assessments. This involves organizations (i) defining the system’s purposes and tasks, and the responsibilities of parties involved in the AI system; (ii) assessing the risks regarding the system’s development; (iii) justifying why the risks of potential infringements on rights are proportionate; and (iv) adopt organizational and/or technical measures mitigating risks identified. We further indicate how regulators might support these processes with practical guidance.
Improving antimicrobial stewardship with penicillin allergy testing: a review of current practices and unmet needs
Authors: Mabilat Claude , Gros Marie-Françoise , Van Belkum Alex , Trubiano Jason A , Blumenthal Kimberly G , Romano Antonino , Timbrook Tristan T 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPenicillin allergy, the most frequently reported drug allergy, has been associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy, increased antimicrobial resistance, increased rates of Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection, as well as extended hospital length of stay and increased cost. Although up to 10% of all patients may report penicillin allergy, most penicillin allergies are not confirmed. As such, most patients with a penicillin allergy can still safely use penicillin and related drugs following a more precise assessment. Herein, we review the current practices and unmet needs in penicillin allergy testing.The diagnostic algorithm is mostly based on a clinical history assessment followed by in vivo testing, i.e. skin test and/or drug challenge. As these tests are labour and resource intensive, there is increased interest in point-of-care penicillin allergy de-labelling solutions incorporated into Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes including digital assessment tools. These can be locally parameterized on the basis of characteristics of target populations, incidence of specific allergies and local antibiotic usage to perform clinical risk stratification. Safely ruling out any residual risk remains essential and in vivo drug challenge and/or skin testing should be systematically encouraged. Gradual understanding and convergence of the risk stratification of the clinical presentation of penicillin allergy is enabling a wider implementation of this essential aspect of antimicrobial stewardship through digitalized decision tools and in vivo testing. More research is needed to deliver point of care in vitro diagnostic tools to democratize this de-labelling practice, which would be highly beneficial to patient care. This progress, together with better education of patients and clinicians about the availability, efficacy and safety of penicillin allergy testing, will increase the dissemination of penicillin allergy assessment as an important component of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes.
A systematic scoping review of faropenem and other oral penems: treatment of Enterobacterales infections, development of resistance and cross-resistance to carbapenems
Authors: Gandra Sumanth , Takahashi Satoshi , Mitrani-Gold Fanny S , Mulgirigama Aruni , Ferrinho Diogo A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global healthcare concern. Beyond carbapenems as broad-spectrum, often ‘last resort’ antibiotics, oral penem antibiotics currently are approved only in Japan and India, used for the treatment of indications including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Exploring oral penem use to better understand the impact of antibiotic resistance on public health would help inform the management of infectious diseases, including UTIs.

Scoping Review Methodology
This scoping review investigated the impact of faropenem and other oral penems on Enterobacterales infection treatment and evaluated evidence for faropenem resistance and cross-resistance to carbapenems. PubMed, Embase, J-STAGE and CiNii were searched for relevant English- or Japanese-language articles published between 1 January 1996 and 6 August 2021.

Key Findings
From 705 unique publications, 29 eligible articles were included (16 in vitro studies; 10 clinical trials; 2 in vitro and in vivo studies; and 1 retrospective medical chart review). Limited evidence described faropenem to treat infectious disease; only four randomized clinical trials were identified. Faropenem dosing regimens varied broadly within and between indications. One study indicated potential dependence of penem efficacy on underlying antibiotic resistance mechanisms, while several studies reported UTI persistence or recurrence after faropenem treatment. In vitro MIC data suggested some potential bacterial resistance to faropenem, while limited clinical data showed resistance emergence after faropenem treatment. Preliminary in vitro evidence suggested faropenem resistance might foster cross-resistance to carbapenems. Overall, very limited clinical evidence describes faropenem for treating infectious diseases. Preclinical and clinical research investment and dedicated community surveillance monitoring is crucial for understanding faropenem treatment patterns, resistance and potential cross-resistance to carbapenems.
Performance drift in a mortality prediction algorithm among patients with cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Parikh Ravi B , Zhang Yichen , Kolla Likhitha , Chivers Corey , Courtright Katherine R , Zhu Jingsan , Navathe Amol S , Chen Jinbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sudden changes in health care utilization during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic may have impacted the performance of clinical predictive models that were trained prior to the pandemic. In this study, we evaluated the performance over time of a machine learning, electronic health record-based mortality prediction algorithm currently used in clinical practice to identify patients with cancer who may benefit from early advance care planning conversations. We show that during the pandemic period, algorithm identification of high-risk patients had a substantial and sustained decline. Decreases in laboratory utilization during the peak of the pandemic may have contributed to drift. Calibration and overall discrimination did not markedly decline during the pandemic. This argues for careful attention to the performance and retraining of predictive algorithms that use inputs from the pandemic period.
Redox-Based Colorimetric Sensor for the Selective Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets
Authors: El-Malla Samah F , Mansour Fotouh R , Elattar Rehab H , Kamal Amira H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Ascorbic acid (ASC; vitamin C) is a weak chromophore, so its presence cannot be determined directly by spectrophotometry.

Objective
This work aims to develop and validate a simple and ecofriendly analytical method for the determination of ASC concentration based on the reaction of ASC with the metal complex, ferric salicylate.

Methods
The visible absorbance of ferric salicylate was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of ASC. The possible mechanism of the reaction between ASC and ferric salicylate was investigated: ferric salicylate was found to be reduced by ASC under the applied experimental conditions. Different parameters that may affect the reaction were also investigated: ferric salicylate concentration, pH, ionic strength, and the time of reaction. The optimum concentration of ferric salicylate was found to be 1000 µM and the optimum pH was 5.5. The developed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Results
The linearity range of the developed method was 5–70 µg/mL and the correlation coefficient was 0.9994. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.38 µg/mL and 1.16 µg/mL, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ASC concentration in commercial Ruta-C60® tablets. The mean recovery ± standard deviation was found to be 101.10 ± 0.70%. The results were statistically compared to those obtained by a reported HPLC method. Good agreement was observed.

Conclusion
The developed method is simple, fast, cost-effective, and suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis of ASC.

Highlights
The developed method is more sensitive than the other spectrophotometric methods reported for determination of ASC.
Characteristics and exchange interactions observed in L-emission spectra of Fe, Mn and their oxides by using a high-energy-resolution soft X-ray emission spectroscopy instrument
Authors: Terauchi Masami , Ebisu Ryogo , Sato Yohei K , Koike Masato 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For examining the characteristics of L-emission spectra of Fe, Mn and their oxides, a larger energy-dispersion spectrometer for an electron probe microanalyser was constructed. The energy resolution was evaluated to be 0.3 eV at the Fermi edge observed for the B K-emission of LaB6. The Lα,β-emission profiles and peak positions of those oxides were different from those of pure metals, reflecting the different density of states of valence bands and different charge states of metal elements. The Lℓ-emission profiles of the oxides showed shoulder structures, even though the emission is caused by transitions between two inner shell levels. The presence of the shoulder structures was assigned to the result of the 3s3d exchange interaction in the final state of the Lℓ emission, in which the 3s state has a spin. The Lℓ profiles were decomposed into two peaks by Lorentz fit, and the energy separation was evaluated to be ∼3 eV.
Analysis of general functional bearing model in a single-span bridge to identify structure response and suitable friction coefficient under near- and far-fault earthquakes
Authors: Ummati Alfinna Mahya , Chen Chih-Shian , Wang Ren-Zuo , Wang Chung-Yue 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Analysis of a single-span bridge with rubber bearing as the isolation system is performed under earthquakes. The conventional bridge seismic design requires the whole structure to be perfectly connected to avoid interrupting the transfer of earthquake energy from the ground through the bridge. A bridge with this typical design requires a high-cost construction due to the need for a huge section of the bridge to resist the earthquake force demand. Thus, many bridges in Taiwan are designed with a rubber bearing only put in between the column and girder without an anchor system. Thus, the bridge movement by rubber displacement is permissible, but the sliding displacement must be accommodated to limit the movement. The sliding displacement is the method to exploit the friction force provided by the sliding on the top and bottom interface of the rubber with the girder and column to dissipate the earthquake input energy transmitted to the structure. By involving the role of surface friction, the shear force transmitted to the structure can be reduced and the bridge performance optimized. General Functional Bearing Model (GFBM) analysis is a rubber bearing analysis which unmerges the function of friction and restoring force. In contrast with the conventional method, the rubber bearing designed with GFBM analysis may reduce the bridge stiffness and deck acceleration, and it is more convenient because only sliding displacement needs to be controlled. This research proposed GFBM analysis to simulate the rubber bearing that is reflected in the real conditions of bridges in Taiwan.
Three-dimensional numerical simulations of structured gamma-ray burst jets
Authors: Urrutia Gerardo , De Colle Fabio , López-Cámara Diego 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
After the detection of GRB 170817A, the first unambiguous off-axis gamma-ray burst (GRB), several studies tried to understand the structure of GRB jets. The initial jet structure (directly produced by the central engine) can be partially preserved, or can be completely modified by the interaction with the environment. In this study, we perform three-dimensional, special relativistic hydrodynamics simulations of long GRB jets evolving through a massive progenitor star. Different jet scenarios were considered: Top-hat, Gaussian jets dominated by pressure or by kinetic energy, as well as a model of a supernova (SN) plus a jet both propagating through the progenitor. We found that, while propagating inside the progenitor star, jets with different initial structures are nearly indistinguishable. Kinetic-dominated jets are faster and more collimated than pressure-dominated jets. The dynamics of jets inside the progenitor star strongly depends on the presence of an associated SN, which can substantially decelerate the jet propagation. We show that the initial structure of GRB jets is preserved, or not, mainly depending on the jet collimation. The initial structure is preserved in uncollimated jets, i.e. jets which move through low-density environments. Meanwhile, jets which move through dense environments are shaped by the interaction with the medium and remain collimated.
Formation of super-Earths in icy dead zones around low-mass stars
Authors: Vallet David , Childs Anna C , Martin Rebecca G , Livio Mario , Lepp Stephen 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
While giant planet occurrence rates increase with stellar mass, occurrence rates of close-in super-Earths decrease. This is in contradiction to the expectation that the total mass of the planets in a system scale with the protoplanetary disc mass and hence the stellar mass. Since the snow line plays an important role in the planet formation process, we examine differences in the temperature structure of protoplanetary gas discs around stars of different mass. Protoplanetary discs likely contain a dead zone at the mid-plane that is sufficiently cold and dense for the magneto-rotational instability to be suppressed. As material builds up, the outer parts of the dead zone may be heated by self-gravity. The temperature in the disc can be below the snow line temperature far from the star and in the inner parts of a dead zone. The inner icy region has a larger radial extent around smaller mass stars. The increased mass of solid icy material may allow for the in situ formation of larger and more numerous planets close to a low-mass star. Super-Earths that form in the inner icy region may have a composition that includes a significant fraction of volatiles.
Substrate Affinity Versus Catalytic Efficiency: Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction of tRNA Nucleotidyltransferases Solves an Enzyme Puzzle
Authors: Hager Martina , Pöhler Marie-Theres , Reinhardt Franziska , Wellner Karolin , Hübner Jessica , Betat Heike , Prohaska Sonja , Mörl Mario 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In tRNA maturation, CCA-addition by tRNA nucleotidyltransferase is a unique and highly accurate reaction. While the mechanism of nucleotide selection and polymerization is well understood, it remains a mystery why bacterial and eukaryotic enzymes exhibit an unexpected and surprisingly low tRNA substrate affinity while they efficiently catalyze the CCA-addition. To get insights into the evolution of this high-fidelity RNA synthesis, the reconstruction and characterization of ancestral enzymes is a versatile tool. Here, we investigate a reconstructed candidate of a 2 billion years old CCA-adding enzyme from Gammaproteobacteria and compare it to the corresponding modern enzyme of Escherichia coli. We show that the ancestral candidate catalyzes an error-free CCA-addition, but has a much higher tRNA affinity compared with the extant enzyme. The consequence of this increased substrate binding is an enhanced reverse reaction, where the enzyme removes the CCA end from the mature tRNA. As a result, the ancestral candidate exhibits a lower catalytic efficiency in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, the efficient tRNA interaction leads to a processive polymerization, while the extant enzyme catalyzes nucleotide addition in a distributive way. Thus, the modern enzymes increased their polymerization efficiency by lowering the binding affinity to tRNA, so that CCA synthesis is efficiently promoted due to a reduced reverse reaction. Hence, the puzzling and at a first glance contradicting and detrimental weak substrate interaction represents a distinct activity enhancement in the evolution of CCA-adding enzymes.
Safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in Korean adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post-marketing surveillance study
Authors: Ju Ji Hyeon , Sung Yoon-Kyoung , Jo Joo-young , Jeon Ja-Young , Yoo Hyun-Jeong , Lee Eun Bong 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this article is to assess the safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine clinical settings in Korea.

Methods
This is a prospective, multi-centre post-marketing surveillance study. Data were prospectively collected within 6 months after the start of tofacitinib therapy. Safety was evaluated based on the presence of adverse events (AEs) observed in patients who received at least one dose of tofacitinib. Effectiveness was assessed according to the proportion of patients who achieved low disease activity and remission, American College of Rheumatology 20 criteria (ACR20), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response, and change of Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28).

Results
The incidence rates [patients with events per 100 patient-years (PY)] of AEs and serious AEs were 56.92 and 10.69, respectively. Regarding AEs of special interest, the incidence rates were 4.33 per 100 PY for serious infections and infestations, 5.78 per 100 PY for herpes zoster, no event of tuberculosis, 0.29 per 100 PY for malignancy, 0.29 per 100 PY for venous thromboembolism (one event of deep vein thrombosis and no event of pulmonary embolism), 0.87 per 100 PY for major adverse cardiovascular event, and 0.58 per 100 PY for mortality. Moreover, ∼40.48% and 21.60% of patients achieved low disease activity and remission of DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The EULAR response was classified as good responders with 39.12% in the DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Conclusions
The benefit/risk profile of tofacitinib in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine clinical settings in Korea was similar to long-term clinical trial data.