bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tests of Acaricides against House Dust Mites
Authors: Heller-Haupt Agnes , Busvine J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper describes tests of acaricides against the mite Dermatophagoides farinae, a close relative of D. pteronyssinus, which is involved in house dust allergy. A simple screening test was developed, in which mites in a cloth envelope were exposed to a residue of acaricide. For semi-practical trials, pieces of cloth treated with compounds selected in the screening tests were kept in beds. At intervals, pieces were cut off to assess their residual acaricidal potency, by the screening test method. A gas-flow type apparatus was constructed to assess the fumigant effect of saturated and fractionally saturated vapors from certain acaricides. Simple tests proved that some of them had fumigant action, at a short distance, in an open room. Samples of dust were collected from asthmatic patients' rooms ard examined for live and dead mites. The problems of practical trials of acaricides to reduce mite-induced asthma are discussed.
Resistance of Purebred Brahman, Hereford, and Brahman x Hereford Crossbred Cattle to the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma Americanum (Acarina: Ixodidae)
Authors: Strother G. R. , Burns E. C. , Smart L. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences in resistance to the lone star tick, Amblyomim americanum, between Brahman and European breed cattle were compared. Purebred Hereford, purebred Brahman, and Brahman X Eereford crossbred steers were infested 3 times with 300 male and 300 female ticks per animal. Number and weight of replete female ticks dropped from each animal, as well as the percentage of eggs hatched were used as criteria of resistance. The number of female ticks feeding to repletion on an animal was found to be positively correlated with the weight of the replete ticks. All test cattle acquired a high level of resistance to the lone star tick by the 3rd cycle of infestation as indicated by significant reduction in numbers and weights of replete female ticks. The average number and weight of engorged female tioks per animal suggest that the purebred Hereford steers were considerably less resistant than both the Brahman X Hereford crossbred steers and purebred Brahman steers. Hatchability of eggs from female ticks fed on purebred Brahman steers was significantly lower than that of eggs from females fed on purebred Hereford and Brahman X Hereford crossbred steers.
Aedes (Finlaya) Maffii, A New Species of Mosquito from the British Solomon Islands (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Taylor Brian , Tenorio J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aedes (Finlaya) maffii Taylor & Tenorio, n. sp., a member of the kochi group, is described from Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands Protectorate. The species is also reported from Sikaiana, Stewart Islands, B.S.I.P.
A New Species of Lynxacarus (Acarina: Astigmata: Listrophoridae) from Felis Catus in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Tenorio JoAnn M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A nww species of fur mite, Lynxacarus radovskyi, found parasitizing the domestic cat on Oahu and Kauai Islands of the Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated.
Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) from Ethiopia: Taxonomic and Biological Notes
Authors: Ashford R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A checklist is given of the 39 species of sandflies which have been recorded from Ethiopia. The penetration of 15 species of the predominantly Palaearctic genus Phlebotomus into this area is established. Observations are recorded on the distribution and habits of many of the species, and the mating and plant-feeding habits of P. orientalis and P. longipes, in particular, are discussed. Records are given of protozoan, nematode, cestode s.ncl acarine parasites.
The Fate and Migratory Patterns of the Infective Larvae of Brugia Malayi, Dirofilaria Immitis and Breinlia Sergenti in Aedes Togoi Denied Access to a Host
Authors: Ho Beng-Chuan , Singh Mulkit , Yap Eu-Hian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The developing larvae of Brugia malayi, Breinlia sergenti and Dirofilaria immitis occur in the muscle, the fat body and the malpighian tubules of mosquitoes, respectively. The fate and migratory patterns of their infective larvae were investigated in Aedes togoi maintained only on honey and water and denied the opportunity of a post-infecting blood meal. The migratory patterns of these 3 filariae were fairly similar. There was a rapid increase of infective larvae in the headproboscis region during the first 2-4 days after the incubation period and a marked spontaneous escape of infective larvae from the mosquitoes during this period. There were no significant differences in the migratory pattern of infective larvae of B. sergenti in A. togoi fed on slow lorises with either moderate or high microfilaraemia.
Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transitions for Pr iv
Authors: Gaigalas G , Rynkun P , Banerjee S , Tanaka M , Kato D , Radžiūtė L 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present extensive energy levels (1110 levels) and transition data for the Pr iv. We also show the effect of such atomic data on opacity for neutron star (NS) merger. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods. Using the GRASP2018 data, the opacities in the NS merger ejecta containing pure Pr are calculated. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. We estimate the uncertainties of the computed line strengths giving the accuracy class. The computed line strengths are also compared with other theoretical computations. We proposed few ways to estimate the uncertainties of the line strengths of the E1 transitions. Our calculation for opacity for a typical condition of NS merger ejecta at t ∼ 1 d shows that the Planck mean opacity of Pr3 + reaches $\sim 1\, \rm cm^{2}\, g^{-1}$ at $T\, \sim \, 15000$ K. The opacity is higher than that by the previous studies, thanks to the higher completeness of the atomic data. We also highlight the importance of accurate atomic data for the opacity by comparing it with the opacity using the atomic calculation from HULLAC. Moreover, we identify the important configurations, especially for the transitions between the high-lying levels for the opacity of 3+ ionized lanthanides.
Comprehensive Targeted Treatment for Neuropathic and Nociceptive Pain in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Mihailescu-Marin Maria-Mirabela , Mosoiu Daniela Viorica , Dima Lorena 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Pain is a common symptom in patients with advanced, metastatic, or terminal cancer. Neuropathic pain and psycho-emotional suffering are factors that increase the difficulty of pain management. Pain control in patients with cancer remains a challenge for medical professionals.

Study Question:
What is the evolution of neuropathic/mixed pain compared with nociceptive pain under standardized treatment in patients with cancer?

Study Design:
A prospective, longitudinal, open-label, nonrandomized study was conducted on patients with cancer pain.

Measures and Outcomes:
Pain type was assessed at admission using the modified Brief Pain Inventory, and pain intensity was assessed daily using the Numerical Rating Scale for 14 days and on days 21 and 28. Screening of depression was performed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients with pain and depression received analgesics with antidepressants, while patients without depression received analgesics or analgesics with an anticonvulsant depending on the pain subtype.

Results:
Of 72 patients, 23 had nociceptive pain and 49 had neuropathic/mixed pain. At admission, pain intensity was higher for patients with neuropathic/mixed pain compared with nociceptive pain (mean values: 7.06 vs. 5.82) with statistical significance (P = 0.001) and remained as such at the end of this study (mean values: 3.77 vs. 2.73). A decrease in the mean pain intensity was observed in all types of pain, but without statistical significance regardless of pain type and treatment protocol used (P = 0.77). If depression was present, antidepressants combined with analgesics decreased pain and depression scores significantly (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with neuropathic/mixed pain have higher levels of pain and lower response to treatment. Identifying psycho-emotional suffering can improve pain control by intervening in the physical and psycho-emotional components of pain.
Residual Disease After Primary Surgical Treatment for Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Part 2: Network Meta-analysis Incorporating Expert Elicitation to Adjust for Publication Bias
Authors: Bryant Andrew , Grayling Michael , Elattar Ahmed , Gajjar Ketankumar , Craig Dawn , Vale Luke , Naik Raj 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Previous work has identified a strong association between the achievements of macroscopic cytoreduction and improved overall survival (OS) after primary surgical treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Despite the use of contemporary methodology, resulting in the most comprehensive currently available evidence to date in this area, opponents remain skeptical.

Areas of Uncertainty:
We aimed to conduct sensitivity analyses to adjust for potential publication bias, to confirm or refute existing conclusions and recommendations, leveraging elicitation to incorporate expert opinion. We recommend our approach as an exemplar that should be adopted in other areas of research.

Data Sources:
We conducted random-effects network meta-analyses in frequentist and Bayesian (using Markov Chain Montel Carlo simulation) frameworks comparing OS across residual disease thresholds in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after primary cytoreductive surgery. Elicitation methods among experts in gynecology were used to derive priors for an extension to a previously reported Copas selection model and a novel approach using effect estimates calculated from the elicitation exercise, to attempt to adjust for publication bias and increase confidence in the certainty of the evidence.

Therapeutic Advances:
Analyses using data from 25 studies (n = 20,927 women) all showed the prognostic importance of complete cytoreduction (0 cm) in both frameworks. Experts accepted publication bias was likely, but after adjustment for their opinions, published results overpowered the informative priors incorporated into the Bayesian sensitivity analyses. Effect estimates were attenuated but conclusions were robust in all analyses.

Conclusions:
There remains a strong association between the achievement of complete cytoreduction and improved OS even after adjustment for publication bias using strong informative priors formed from an expert elicitation exercise. The concepts of the elicitation survey should be strongly considered for utilization in other meta-analyses.
Effects of Initiating Raltegravir-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy on Weight Changes and Perinatal Outcomes: NICHD P1081
Authors: Coutinho Conrado Milani , Warshaw Meredith G. , Duarte Geraldo , Stek Alice , Violari Avy , Hofer Cristina B. , Deville Jaime G. , Ngocho James Samwel , Pilotto José Henrique , Correa Mario Dias , Shapiro David E. , Fuller Trevon L. , Chakhtoura Nahida , Mirochnick Mark , João Esaú C. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Integrase inhibitors have been associated with excess gestational weight gain that may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This post hoc analysis of NICHD P1081 compared antepartum changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women initiating raltegravir- or efavirenz-based combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and examined associations between rates of weight gain and APOs.

Setting:
NICHD P1081 enrolled antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV in the second and third trimester in Brazil, Tanzania, South Africa, Thailand, Argentina, and the United States.

Methods:
Two hundred eighty-one women enrolled between 20 and 31 gestational weeks were randomized to raltegravir- or efavirenz-based cART and followed for ≥4 weeks. A low rate of weight gain was defined as <0.18 kg/wk and high as >0.59 kg/wk. We compared weight gain and BMI increase between treatment arms using Kruskal–Wallis tests. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between weight gain and APOs.

Results:
Raltegravir-based cART was associated with significantly higher antepartum weight gain (median 0.36 kg/wk versus 0.29 kg/wk, P = 0.01) and BMI increase (median 0.14 kg/m2/wk versus 0.11 kg/m2/wk, P = 0.01) compared with efavirenz-based treatment. Women on raltegravir had less low weight gain (18% versus 36%) and more high weight gain (21% versus 12%) (P = 0.001). Women with low weight gain were more likely than those with normal weight gain to have small for gestational age infants or a composite of APOs.

Conclusions:
A raltegravir-based antiretroviral regimen was associated with significantly higher antepartum rate of weight gain and BMI increase compared with efavirenz-based treatment in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women.
Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of host genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis identifies shared genetic architecture
Authors: Schurz Haiko , Naranbhai Vivek , Yates Tom A. , Gilchrist James J. , Parks Tom , Dodd Peter J. , Möller Marlo , Hoal Eileen G , Morris Andrew P. , Hill Adrian V.S. ,   the International Tuberculosis Host Genetics Consortium
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe heritability of susceptibility to tuberculosis disease (TB) has been well recognized. Over one-hundred genes have been studied as candidates for TB susceptibility, and several variants were identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but few replicate. We established the International Tuberculosis Host Genetics Consortium (ITHGC) to perform a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS including 14153 cases and 19536 controls of African, Asian, and European ancestry. Our analyses demonstrate a substantial degree of heritability (pooled polygenic h2=26.3% 95% CI 23.7-29.0%) for susceptibility to TB that is shared across ancestries, highlighting an important host genetic influence on disease. We identified one global host genetic correlate for TB at genome-wide significance (p<5×10−8) in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II region (rs28383206, p-value = 5.2×10−9). These data demonstrate the complex shared genetic architecture of susceptibility to TB and the importance of large scale GWAS analysis across multiple ancestries experiencing different levels of infection pressures.
Comparison of influenza and COVID-19 hospitalizations in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Setayeshgar Solmaz , Wilton James , Sbihi Hind , Zandy Moe , Janjua Naveed Z , Choi Alexandra , Smolina Kate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the population rate of COVID-19 and influenza hospitalizations by age, COVID-19 vaccine status and pandemic phase.DesignObservational retrospective studySettingResidents of British Columbia (population 5.3 million), CanadaParticipantsHospitalized patients due to COVID-19 or historical influenzaMain outcome measuresThis population based study in a setting with universal healthcare coverage, used COVID-19 case and hospital data for COVID-19 and influenza. Admissions were selected from March 2020 to February 2021 for the annual cohort and the first 8 weeks of 2022 for the peak cohort of COVID-19 (Omicron era). Influenza annual and peak cohorts were from three years with varying severity: 2009/10, 2015/16, and 2016/17. We estimated hospitalization rates per 100,000 population by age group.ResultsSimilar to COVID-19 with median age 66 (Q1-Q3 44-80), influenza 2016/17 mostly affected older adults, with median age 78 (64-87). COVID-19 and influenza 2016/17 hospitalization rate by age group were “J” shaped. The rates for mostly unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in 2020/21 in the context of public health restrictions were significantly higher than influenza among individuals 30 to 69 years of age, and comparable to a severe influenza year (2016/17) among 70+. In early 2022 (Omicron peak), rates primarily due to COVID-19 among vaccinated adults were comparable with influenza 2016/17 in all age groups while rates among unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were still higher than influenza among 18+. In the pediatric population, COVID-19 hospitalization rates were similar to or lower than influenza.ConclusionsOur paper highlighted the greater population-level impact of COVID-19 compared with influenza in terms of adult hospitalizations, especially among those unvaccinated. However, influenza had greater impact than COVID-19 among <18 regardless of vaccine status or the circulating variant.
Making the Match or Breaking it? Values, Perceptions, and Obstacles of Trainees Applying into Physician-Scientist Training Programs
Authors: Pepin M.E. , Kamal Y. , Reisman B.J. , Rockman M.E. , Waller J.P. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundReplenishing the physician-scientist workforce remains a central mission of medical education, but the hemorrhaging of qualified trainees threatens the physician-scientist role. Among the barriers facing physician-scientists is the game-like model of residency matching, which applies several flawed assumptions regarding the comparability of applicant qualifications, cohort size, and the institutional breadth of applicants’ training needs.MethodsThe current report summarizes the collective views and experiences of physician-scientist trainees following the 2021-2022 application cycle of physician-scientist training programs (PSTPs). We obtained survey-based feedback by 27 PSTP applicants from 17 U.S. medical universities, among whom 85% matched into a PSTP.Results93% PSTP applicants recognized “scientific community” as the most important feature of postgraduate training, whereas gender-specific worth was assigned to institutional aspects of personal and/or family support. 65% of respondents found “waiting for interviews” as the most stressful aspect of the application cycle. Half of the survey respondents perceived at least one NRMP policy violation by a PSTP, most of which occurred during post-interview communication. 93% of respondents were contacted by a PSTP following interviews, and one-third admitted to feeling pressured into sharing their ranking preferences.ConclusionOverall, we believe the values and needs of physician-scientist trainees are poorly represented by the current PSTP selection framework, including inconsistent timelines and communication throughout the process. We propose a series of modifications that, if implemented, would better equip applicants to gauge programs according to the clinical, scientific, and academic communities that we seek to join as academic physician-scientists.
Resilience and resistance to Alzheimer’s disease-associated neuropathological substrates in centenarians: an age-continuous perspective
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ganz Andrea B. , Rohde Susan , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Reinders Marcel J.T. , Scheltens Philip , Hulsman Marc , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Holstege Henne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWith increasing age, neuropathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accumulates in brains of cognitively healthy individuals: are they resilient or resistant against AD-associated neuropathologies?METHODSIn 85 centenarian brains, we correlated NIA-Amyloid stages, Braak-NFT stages and CERAD-NP scores with cognitive performance determined close to death (MMSE). We assessed centenarian brains in context of 2,131 brains from AD patients, non-AD demented and non-demented individuals (age-range 16-100+ years).RESULTSWith age, brains from non-demented individuals reached NIA-Amyloid and Braak-NFT stages as observed in AD patients, while CERAD-NP scores remained lower. In centenarians, NIA-Amyloid stages varied (22.4% had the highest stage 3), Braak-NFT stages rarely exceeded IV (5.9% had stage V), and CERAD-NP scores rarely exceeded 2 (4.7% had score 3); within these distributions, we observed no correlation with MMSE (NIA-Amyloid: P=0.60; Braak-NFT: P=0.08; CERAD-NP: P=0.16).DISCUSSIONCognitive health can be maintained despite the accumulation of high levels of AD-related neuropathological substrates.
Climate Change and Eco-Anxiety in the US: Predictors, Correlates, and Potential Solutions
Authors: Kricorian Katherine , Turner Karin 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTClimate change has many adverse human health effects, including increased anxiety. However, eco-anxiety may also motivate climate action. An online survey was developed and distributed to examine factors associated with eco-anxiety. Logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors of eco-anxiety include greater media exposure to climate change information, more frequent discussions about climate change with friends and family, the perception that climate change will soon impact one personally, being younger, and being female. Additional analyses suggested that ecoanxiety was associated with a range of both positive and negative emotional impacts including motivation, interest, sadness, and tension. Eco-anxiety was also associated with greater likelihood to engage in environmental behaviors such as recycling. Volunteering for environmental causes and accessing straightforward information with less scientific jargon were found to have particular potential for anxiety reduction among the eco-anxious. The research suggests practical strategies to reduce eco-anxiety while retaining engagement in mitigating climate change.
Rates of osmotic demyelination after rapid correction of sodium in hyponatremia, a multicenter cohort study of patients hospitalized with hyponatremia
Authors: MacMillan Thomas E , Shin Saeha , Topf Joel , Kwan Janice , Weinerman Adina , Tang Terence , Raissi Afsaneh , Koppula Radha , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A , Fralick Michael 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundOsmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare but devastating complication of rapid correction of hyponatremia. Current guidelines recommend limiting the sodium correction rate to no more than 8 mmol/L per 24 hours, but this is based on expert opinion and small observational studies.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study of patients admitted into hospital with hyponatremia at five academic hospitals in Toronto between April 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019. We identified all adult patients with hyponatremia (sodium <130 mmol/L) based on their initial serum sodium measured on presentation to the emergency department. The primary outcome was the rate of ODS. ODS cases were identified using medical record review and neuroimaging results. The secondary outcome was the rate of rapid correction of sodium (>8 mmol/L in any 24-hour period).ResultsOur cohort included 21182 hospitalizations with hyponatremia. Approximately 50% were women, the average age was 68 years, and mean initial sodium was 124.6 mmol/L (SD 4.6) including 13.1% with sodium <120 mmol/L. Overall, rapid correction of sodium occurred in 3438 (17.9%) admissions. Despite the fact that 3438 experienced rapid correction, there were only 12 cases of ODS among our 21182 hospitalizations with hyponatremia. Cases of ODS had a markedly lower initial serum sodium (110.7 vs. 124.6 mmol/L), were younger (50 years vs 68 years), were more likely to have alcohol use disorder, and were more likely to have hypokalemia (58% vs 14%) compared to those without ODS.ConclusionsIn the large multicenter study of patients with hyponatremia, “rapid” overcorrection was common (N=3438, 17.9%) but ODS was rare (N=12, 0.06%). The initial serum sodium was markedly lower for those with ODS compared to those without. Taken together, these results suggest that the severity of hyponatremia is a more important risk factor for ODS then the rate of correction.