bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance
Authors: van der Velde Jeroen H. P. M. , Boone Sebastiaan C. , Winters-van Eekelen Esther , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Schrauwen Patrick , Lamb Hildo J. , Rosendaal Frits R. , de Mutsert Renée 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on the timing of the activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time and timing of physical activity with liver fat content and insulin resistance in a Dutch cohort.

Methods
In 775 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, we assessed sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time and different intensities of physical activity using activity sensors, and liver fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n=256). Participants were categorised as being most active in the morning (06:00–12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00–18:00 hours) or evening (18:00–00:00 hours) or as engaging in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout the day. Most active in a certain time block was defined as spending the majority (%) of total daily MVPA in that block. We examined associations between sedentary time, breaks and timing of MVPA with liver fat content and HOMA-IR using linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors including total body fat. Associations of timing of MVPA were additionally adjusted for total MVPA.

Results
The participants (42% men) had a mean (SD) age of 56 (4) years and a mean (SD) BMI of 26.2 (4.1) kg/m2. Total sedentary time was not associated with liver fat content or insulin resistance, whereas the amount of breaks in sedentary time was associated with higher liver fat content. Total MVPA (−5%/h [95% CI −10%/h, 0%/h]) and timing of MVPA were associated with reduced insulin resistance but not with liver fat content. Compared with participants who had an even distribution of MVPA throughout the day, insulin resistance was similar (−3% [95% CI −25%, 16%]) in those most active in morning, whereas it was reduced in participants who were most active in the afternoon (−18% [95% CI −33%, −2%]) or evening (−25% [95% CI −49%, −4%]).

Conclusions/interpretation
The number of daily breaks in sedentary time was not associated with lower liver fat content or reduced insulin resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous activity in the afternoon or evening was associated with a reduction of up to 25% in insulin resistance. Further studies should assess whether timing of physical activity is also important for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Cardiac effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mouse and human atrial preparations
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Azatsian Karyna , Höhm Christian , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of recreational drugs like ephedrine, norephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and mescaline can lead to intoxication and, at worst, to death. One reason for a fatal course of intoxication with these drugs might lie in cardiac arrhythmias. To the best of our knowledge, their inotropic effects have not yet been studied in isolated human cardiac preparations. Therefore, we measured inotropic effects of the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and MDMA in isolated mouse left atrial (mLA) and right atrial (mRA) preparations as well as in human right atrial (hRA) preparations obtained during cardiac surgery. Under these experimental conditions, ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA increased force of contraction (mLA, hRA) and beating rate (mRA) in a time- and concentration-dependent way, starting at 1–3 µM but these drugs were less effective than isoprenaline. Mescaline alone or in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors did not increase force in mLA or hRA. The positive inotropic effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, or MDMA were accompanied by increases in the rate of tension and relaxation and by shortening of time of relaxation and, moreover, by an augmented phosphorylation state of the inhibitory subunit of troponin in hRA. All effects were greatly attenuated by cocaine (10 µM) or propranolol (10 µM) treatment. In summary, the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA, but not mescaline, increased force of contraction and increased protein phosphorylation presumably, in part, by a release of noradrenaline in isolated human atrial preparations and thus can be regarded as indirect sympathomimetic drugs in the human atrium.
An applicable orthotropic creep model for wood materials and composites
Authors: Bengtsson Rhodel , Afshar Reza , Gamstedt E. Kristofer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite the engineering importance of creep of composite materials and other fibrous anisotropic load-carrying materials like wood, there is an apparent lack in useful experimental data in 3D. Proposed creep models are generally not commensurate with realistic data from experimental characterization. In the present study, an orthotropic linear viscoelastic model is presented and examined on its performance of predicting the time-dependent nature of wood and composite materials. The constitutive equations are presented using the hereditary approach. A clear description of the finite element implementation of the material model is given. Since constant Poisson’s ratios are a common assumption for viscoelastic composites due to lack of data, this study presents the effects of time-dependent Poisson’s ratio in the study. The model is calibrated against inevitably asymmetric experimental creep data using an optimization approach. With time-dependent Poisson’s ratios, the results show that the model is able to simultaneously capture the time-dependent behaviour in three material axis of orthotropic materials such as European beech wood and a fibre-reinforced composite. However, a relatively poor match was found when the Poisson’s ratios were set to be constant. Thus, the frequently employed assumption of constant Poisson’s ratios should be made with caution.
Formulation of promising antibacterial, anticancer, biocompatible and bioactive biomaterial as therapeutic drug delivery system for biologically active compound loaded on clay polymer
Authors: Fetouh H. A. , Abdel-Hamid H. , Zaghloul A. A. H. , Ghadban A. E. , Ismail A. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesized heterocyclic compound: 5-[4-bromobenzylidene amino)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol abbreviated as BATT possessed good antibacterial activity for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to potent antitumor activity to breast cancer, for the first time, the novelty of this study is facile low-cost formulation of safe antitumor drug delivery system (DDS) for breast cancer from such simple heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compound is efficiently and spontaneously incorporated into MMT clay polymer matrix forming novel therapeutic nanocomposite DDS for breast cancer. BATT successfully intercalates MMT clay polymer matrix. Electron donation ability of nanocomposites is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in terms of small peak-to-peak redox potential $$\Delta E_{{{\text{peak}}}}$$

Δ

E
peak

. Adsorption of BATT on clay is carried out by batch adsorption method. Better adsorption strength at low pH 2 decreased with increasing pH. Adsorption data are analyzed by multiple mathematical models. MMT clay is an efficient carrier polymer heterogonous adsorbent for BATT at optimum conditions: contact time 2.0 h, pH 2 and initial concentration up to 1200 ppm. Adsorption rate constant, k2 equals 14.6 $$\times$$
×
10–3 and qe 19 mg g−1 (R2 0.999). pH of zero charge of MMT at pH 3 reflected adsorption mechanism of MMT. At pH 2, BATT is loaded on MMT by physi- and chemisorption. At pH 4, BATT is loaded on MMT by chemisorption.
Negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: further outcome and consequences
Authors: Haack Maximilian , Miksch Vanessa , Tian Zhe , Duwe Gregor , Thomas Anita , Borkowetz Angelika , Stroh Kristina , Thomas Christian , Haferkamp Axel , Höfner Thomas , Boehm Katharina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
EAU guidelines recommend multiparametric MRI of the prostate (mpMRI) prior to biopsy to increase accuracy and reduce biopsies. Whether biopsy can be avoided in case of negative mpMRI remains unclear. Aim of this study is to evaluate predictors of overall prostate cancer (PCa) in negative mpMRI.

Methods
A total of 216 patients from 2018 to 2020 with suspicion of PCa and negative mpMRI (PI-RADS ≤ 2) were interviewed by telephone about outcome and further follow-up. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as ISUP ≥ 2. Patients with vs. without biopsy and with vs. without PCa were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of PCa occurrence in patients with negative mpMRI.

Results
15.7% and 5.1% of patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 on mpMRI showed PCa and csPCa, respectively. PCa patients had higher PSAD (0.14 vs. 0.09 ng/ml2; p = 0.001) and lower prostate volume (50.5 vs. 74.0 ml; p = 0.003). Patients without biopsy (25%) after MRI were older (69 vs. 65.5 years; p = 0.027), showed lower PSA (5.7 vs. 6.73 ng/ml; p = 0.033) and lower PSA density (0.09 vs. 0.1 ng/ml2; p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed age (OR 1.09 [1.02–1.16]; p = 0.011), prostate volume (OR 0.982 [0.065; 0.997]; p = 0.027), total PSA level (OR 1.22 [1.01–1.47], p = 0.033), free PSA (OR 0.431 [0.177; 0.927]; p = 0.049) and no PI-RADS lesion vs PI-RADS 1–2 lesion (OR 0.38 [0.15–0.91], p = 0.032.) as predictive factors for the endpoint presence of PCa.

Conclusions
Biopsy for selected patient groups (higher age, prostate volume and free PSA as well as lower PSA-Density) with negative mpMRI can be avoided, if sufficient follow-up care is guaranteed. Detailed counseling regarding residual risk for undetected prostate cancer should be mandatory.
Tailoring and evaluating the Wikipedia for in-domain comparable corpora extraction
Authors: España-Bonet Cristina , Barrón-Cedeño Alberto , Màrquez Lluís 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a language-independent graph-based method to build à-la-carte article collections on user-defined domains from the Wikipedia. The core model is based on the exploration of the encyclopedia’s category graph and can produce both mono- and multilingual comparable collections. We run thorough experiments to assess the quality of the obtained corpora in 10 languages and 743 domains. According to an extensive manual evaluation, our graph model reaches an average precision of $$84\%$$

84
%

on in-domain articles, outperforming an alternative model based on information retrieval techniques. As manual evaluations are costly, we introduce the concept of domainness and design several automatic metrics to account for the quality of the collections. Our best metric for domainness shows a strong correlation with human judgments, representing a reasonable automatic alternative to assess the quality of domain-specific corpora. We release the toolkit with the implementation of the extraction methods, the evaluation measures and several utilities.
Protective effects of amoxicillin and probiotics on colon disorders in an experimental model of acute diverticulitis disease
Authors: Soliman Maha G. , Mansour Hanaa A. , Hassan Wedad A. , Shawky Eman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute diverticulitis disease is associated with inflammation and infection in the colon diverticula and may lead to severe morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of amoxicillin antibiotic, either alone or in combination with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis), in a rat model of acute diverticulitis disease. Acute diverticulitis was induced, in albino rats, by adding 3% weight/volume of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the rats’ drinking water; daily for 7 days, in addition to injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema (4 mg/kg). The impact of treatments was assessed by measuring the physiological and immunological parameters and evaluating colon macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results showed that both treatments (especially probiotics with amoxicillin) alleviated the adverse effects of DSS and LPS. This was obvious through the modulation of the rats’ body weight and the colon weight-to-length ratio. Also, there was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the colon macroscopic lesion score. The pro-inflammatory cytokines [(TNF)-α, (IL)-1β, (IFN)-γ, and (IL)-18]; in the colon tissue; were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. Also, both treatments significantly ameliorated the elevation of myeloperoxidase activity and C-reactive protein levels, in addition to improving the histopathological alterations in the colon tissue. In conclusion, amoxicillin and probiotics–amoxicillin were effective in preventing the development of experimentally induced acute diverticulitis, through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, this study has explored the role of probiotics in preventing DSS/LPS-induced acute diverticulitis, so it can be applied as a promising treatment option for acute diverticulitis disease.
The role of knowledge and medical involvement in the context of informed consent: a curse or a blessing?
Authors: Milo Caterina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInformed consent (IC) is a key patients’ right. It gives patients the opportunity to access relevant information/knowledge and to support their decision-making role in partnership with clinicians. Despite this promising account of IC, the relationship between ‘knowledge’, as derived from IC, and the role of clinicians is often misunderstood. I offer two examples of this: (1) the prenatal testing and screening for disabilities; (2) the consent process in the abortion context. In the first example, IC is often over-medicalized, that is to say the disclosure of information appears to be strongly in the clinicians’ hands. In this context, knowledge has often been a curse on prospective parents. Framing information in a doctor-centred and often negative way has hindered upon prospective parents’ decision-making role and also portrayed wrong assumptions upon disabled people more widely. In the second context, information is more often than not dismissed and, in a de-medicalized scenario, medical contribution often underplayed. The latter leads to an understanding of the dialogue with clinicians as a mere hinderance to the timely access to an abortion. Ultimately, I claim that it is important that knowledge, as derived from IC, is neither altogether dismissed via a process of de-medicalization, nor used as a curse on patients via a process of over-medicalization. None of the two gives justice to IC. Only when a better balance between medical and patients’ contribution is sought, knowledge can aspire to be a blessing (i.e. an opportunity for them), not a curse on patients in the IC context.
A Mathematical Description of the Flow in a Spherical Lymph Node
Authors: Giantesio Giulia , Girelli Alberto , Musesti Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe motion of the lymph has a very important role in the immune system, and it is influenced by the porosity of the lymph nodes: more than 90% takes the peripheral path without entering the lymphoid compartment. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model of a lymph node assumed to have a spherical geometry, where the subcapsular sinus is a thin spherical shell near the external wall of the lymph node and the core is a porous material describing the lymphoid compartment. For the mathematical formulation, we assume incompressibility and we use Stokes together with Darcy–Brinkman equation for the flow of the lymph. Thanks to the hypothesis of axisymmetric flow with respect to the azimuthal angle and the use of the stream function approach, we find an explicit solution for the fully developed pulsatile flow in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials. A selected set of plots is provided to show the trend of motion in the case of physiological parameters. Then, a finite element simulation is performed and it is compared with the explicit solution.
Identification of water–rock interaction of surface thermal water in Songwe medium temperature geothermal area, Tanzania
Authors: Asnin Sitti Nur , Nnko Martha , Josephat Sadock , Mahecha Albano , Mshiu Elisante , Bertotti Giovanni , Brehme Maren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Songwe geothermal prospect is situated in western Tanzania in the Rukwa Rift of the western branch of the East African Rift System. Thermal springs discharge along NW–SE oriented fracture zones in two separate areas: in the main Songwe graben (Iyola, Main springs, Rambo and Kaguri) and eastern Songwe graben (Ikumbi). Lithologies forming and filling the Songwe graben are metamorphic gneiss and shist as basement rocks, overlain by the Karoo sandstones, and Red sandstones, both silt- and sandstones with a carbonatic matrix. In some areas of the graben, volcanic rocks intruded these formations forming basalt outflows. The discharge temperatures of springs are between 37 and 85 °C with Na-HCO3 type fluids. Carbonate deposits surround most of the springs. Using previous geophysical, geological studies and historical fluid geochemical data and mineral data, the Songwe geothermal system interpretation was updated, including new reservoir fluid temperature, fluid flow pathway and water–rock interaction models. The classical geothermometers of K-Mg and Na-K-Ca (Mg correction) were used to predict the reservoir fluid temperature and show that fluid emerging in the Songwe area reaches temperatures between 125 and 148 °C. Reservoir fluid characteristics are reconstructed based on the geothermometer calculation and a PHREEQC model in which the deep fluid reacts with certain lithologies. Minerals precipitating at the surface and reservoir depth were used to calibrate the models. The models run at surface temperature were calibrated with minerals precipitating around the springs and suggest that Songwe thermal fluids interact with Red sandstone only, while Ikumbi spring water is the only spring that interacts with all lithologies (simplified referred to as: metamorphic rocks, Karoo and Red sandstone). The model run at reservoir temperature indicates that rising water is also in contact with Karoo sandstones and Ikumbi spring water composition is again influenced by the contact with all lithologies in the graben. Our conceptual model summarizes all data showing the meteoric origin of the fluids, the travel through the basement, rising along the Mbeya fault and the main reaction with sandstones through a lateral travel towards the hot springs. The proposed models reinforce the idea that carbonate dissolution from the sandstone layers is the most common water–rock interaction. Our model is supported by carbonate deposition observed in all springs, dominated by HCO3 and Na.
Addressing conflict over dams: The inception and establishment of the World Commission on Dams
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe World Commission on Dams (WCD) was active between 1998 and 2000. Despite the Commission’s short life, it left a lasting mark on the global debate on large dams, one of the most intractable and conflicted issues in environmental governance. Existing accounts of the Commission focus chiefly on its recommendations and their influence on dam planners. Another major topic of interest has been the novelty of making global environmental policy through multi-stakeholder dialogue rather than through intergovernmental negotiation. This focus on technicalities, results, and institutional design underplays the Commission’s political significance. It was a bold and innovative attempt to find common ground between promoters and opponents of dams on which a new way of thinking about and planning dams could be built. In this paper, we focus on the emergence of the Commission, in response to the evolving conflict over dams, particularly between the World Bank and its critics. We explore the processes that led to the establishment of the Commission and its role as an attempt to transform conflict into cooperation by bringing together pro- and anti-dam communities.
Basic psychological needs satisfaction and psychological well-being of refugees in Africa
Authors: Kalyegira Juma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing a qualitative approach, this study sought to identify the factors that influence the psychological well-being or frustration of refugees to Uganda (mainly from South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo [DRC], Rwanda and other nearby countries) and Ugandan nationals (as host community). Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with 54 participants. The interview guide asked questions about issues that frustrated or encouraged their psychological well-being and the ways they would describe their current psychological well-being. After conducting thematic analysis, 10 themes emerged that contribute to refugee and host community psychological well-being or frustration: food availability, family separation and death, good security in the refugee camp, provision of health services, access to free education, the role of mental health and psychosocial support, unfavourable farmland, availability of employment and income-generating activities, collaboration and peer support, and delayed resettlement within or outside Uganda. Based on participant responses, several recommendations emerge to guide community-based psychological interventions, which may increase the psychological well-being of refugees and host community members. Conclusions show the negative and positive factors that contribute to the psychological well-being or frustration of both refugees and Ugandans.
Latinx Internationalism and the French Atlantic: Sandra María Esteves in Art contre/against apartheid and Miguel Algarín in “Tangiers”
Authors: Quesada Sarah M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates the South-South internationalism of two renowned US Latinx poets: Miguel Algarín’s abjection in Morocco in his poem “Tangiers” and Sandra María Esteves’s anti-apartheid poetry for the French Art contre/against apartheid project, which included the controversial participation of Jacques Derrida. Although these poems focus on different contexts of African liberation, both react to French coloniality. For Algarín, his Orientalist evocations of underage child prostitution operate under a French hegemony, coming into crisis when a third world alliance fails. In Esteves’s work, her poetic solidarity draws on Frantz Fanon’s experience of French colonization in Algeria but also comes into crisis when Derrida’s foreword for Art contre/against apartheid is challenged as Eurocentric. Although both engagements with African self-determination exhibit residues of a French hegemony undergirding and undercutting what I term is a poetic Latin-African solidarity, their South-South approach enriches postcolonial studies, in which Latin American, and by extension, Latinx identities have been sidelined.