bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reliability of back-extrapolation in estimating V˙O2peak in different swimming performances at the severe-intensity domain
Authors: Massini Danilo Alexandre , Simionato Astor Reis , Almeida Tiago André Freire , Macedo Anderson Geremias , Espada Mário Cunha , Reis Joana Filipa , Besone Alves Francisco , Pessôa Filho Dalton Müller 
Published: November 2022

The amount of anerobic energy released during exercise might modify the initial phase of oxygen recovery (fast-O2debt) post-exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the reliability of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) estimate by back-extrapolation (BE−V˙O2peak) under different swimming conditions in the severe-intensity domain, verifying how the alterations of the V˙O2 recovery profile and anerobic energy demand might affect BE−V˙O2peak values. Twenty swimmers (16.7 ± 2.4 years, 173.5 ± 10.2 cm, and 66.4 ± 10.6 kg) performed an incremental intermittent step protocol (IIST: 6 × 250 plus 1 × 200 m, IIST_v200m) for the assessment of V˙O2peak. The V˙O2 off-kinetics used a bi-exponential model to discriminate primary amplitude, time delay, and time constant (A1off, TD1off, and τoff) for assessment of fast-O2debt post IIST_v200m, 200-m single-trial (v200 m), and rest-to-work transition at 90% delta (v90%Δ) tests. The linear regression estimated BE−V˙O2peak and the rate of V˙O2 recovery (BE-slope) post each swimming performance. The ANOVA (Sidak as post hoc) compared V˙O2peak to the estimates of BE−V˙O2peak in v200 m, IIST_v200 m, and v90%Δ, and the coefficient of dispersion (R2) analyzed the association between tests. The values of V˙O2peak during IIST did not differ from BE−V˙O2peak in v200 m, IIST_v200 m, and v90%Δ (55.7 ± 7.1 vs. 53.7 ± 8.2 vs. 56.3 ± 8.2 vs. 54.1 ± 9.1 ml kg−1 min−1, p &gt; 0.05, respectively). However, the V˙O2peak variance is moderately explained by BE−V˙O2peak only in IIST_v200 m and v90%Δ (RAdj2 = 0.44 and RAdj2 = 0.43, p &lt; 0.01). The TD1off and τoff responses post IIST_v200 m were considerably lower than those in both v200 m (6.1 ± 3.8 and 33.0 ± 9.5 s vs. 10.9 ± 3.5 and 47.7 ± 7.9 s; p &lt; 0.05) and v90%Δ ( 10.1 ± 3.8 and 44.3 ± 6.3 s, p &lt; 0.05). The BE-slope post IIST_v200m was faster than in v200 m and v90%Δ (-47.9 ± 14.6 vs. -33.0 ± 10.4 vs. -33.6 ± 13.8 ml kg−1, p &lt; 0.01), and the total anerobic (AnaerTotal) demand was lower in IIST_v200 m (37.4 ± 9.4 ml kg−1) than in 200 m and 90%Δ (51.4 ± 9.4 and 46.2 ± 7.7 ml kg−1, p &lt; 0.01). Finally, the τ1off was related to AnaerTotal in IIST_v200m, v200 m, and v90%Δ (r = 0.64, r = 0.61, and r = 0.64, p &lt; 0.01). The initial phase of the V˙O2 recovery profile provided different (although reliable) conditions for the estimate of V˙O2peak with BE procedures, which accounted for the moderate effect of anerobic release on V˙O2 off-kinetics, but compromised exceptionally the V˙O2peak estimate in the 200-m single trial.
Status of stigma on the health care workers related to COVID-19 at the first wave of the pandemic in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Qorbani Mostafa , Zandifar Atefeh 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundStigma can be seen as a mark of disgrace that can lead to the separation of one person from another. In this qualitative study, we assess the status of stigma among in front-line health care workers (HCWs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.Subjects and methodsThe participants were selected from frontline HCWs related to COVID-19 in Imam Ali and Imam Hossein referral hospitals in Alborz province, Iran. Study was conducted between May and June 2020. The 32-item checklist Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used to report this qualitative study. Interview questions were prepared based on the grounded theory method. The thematic approach was used to analyze the data content. Data analysis was based on open and axial coding and after implementing the codes in MAXQDA software.ResultsThe results of this study included 4 themes, 8 categories and 33 sub-categories. Themes included extrinsic and intrinsic elements of stigma, perplexity and stigma removal requirements. Extrinsic elements included “creating blame and shame” and “discrimination” categories. Intrinsic elements included “the desire to be avoidance,” “feeling depressed and frustrated” and “feeling anxious and scared” categories. Perplexity included “feeling loss” category. Stigma removal requirements included “factors causing stigma” and “protective agents against stigma” categories.ConclusionLow public awareness on COVID-19 and inadequate public care, limited personal protective equipment and inadequate facilities for HCWs along with lack of appreciation for their efforts, lack of proper psychiatric/psychological counseling to identify and treat symptoms associated with mental health and the limitations of training to maintain mental health skills are considered to be factors in the formation of stigma among HCWs related to COVID-19. Health policymakers should implement coherent strategies related to increasing public awareness and providing personal protection needs and counseling care for HCWs in relation to COVID-19.
Ultra-processed foods and allergic symptoms among children and adults in the United States: A population-based analysis of NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: Kong Weiliang , Xie Yilian , Zhong Jingjing , Cao Chao 
Published: November 2022

DesignThere is a strong correlation between dietary intake and allergic diseases. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are gradually becoming dominant worldwide and causing health problems for children and adults. We hope to determine whether links exist between UPFs and allergic symptoms.MethodsWe investigated data from 2,736 children (16–19 years) and 4,256 adults (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006. The associations between the mean UPFs contribution to total energy intake and all allergic symptoms (IgE, current asthma, allergy, rash, sneeze, wheeze, eczema, and hay fever) were estimated by weighted multivariate logistic regression.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed UFPs were negatively associated with IgE levels in children. Those with higher quartiles had a reduced risk from 16% (OR, 0.84, 95%CI, 0.55 to 1.28) to 34% (OR, 0.66, 95%CI, 0.49 to 0.89), p for trend = 0.006. UPFs were also positively related to current asthma in children with an increased risk of 11% (OR, 1.11, 95%CI, 0.79 to 1.56) to 76% (OR, 1.76, 95%CI, 1.10 to 2.82), p for trend = 0.0393. UPFs were also associated with eczema in girls. But there was no association observed between UPFs and allergic symptoms in adults.ConclusionOur results suggested that UPFs assessed by the NOVA system were associated with IgE, current asthma in children, and eczema in girls. These results further support the need to test the association of modern dietary patterns with allergic symptoms.
Climate change-related knowledge and attitudes among a sample of the general population in Egypt
Authors: Salem Marwa Rashad , Hegazy Nelly , Thabet Mohammed Anas Abdullnasser , Mahrous Hassan Esraa , Saad Abdou Mohamed Mohyeldin , Zein Marwa M. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIdentifying the public awareness and risk perception regarding climate change, are fundamental preliminary steps in determining gaps and paving the way for awareness campaigns that address climate change causes and counteraction mitigation measures. However, few studies were conducted in Egypt; thus, the researchers conducted the current cross-sectional study among a sample of the Egyptian population to identify general knowledge and perception about climate change and its effects, as well as attitudes toward mitigation measures.MethodsAn exploratory population-based electronic-open survey, was conducted among 527 members of the general population between January and April 2022, using a convenience sampling technique. A pre-tested 2-page (screen) electronic included three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, global warming/climate change-related knowledge, and attitude toward climate change mitigation.ResultsThe average global warming knowledge score was 12 ± 3. More than 70% (71.1%) of the participants were knowledgeable (percentage score &gt;70%). Approximately half of the enrolled participants (48.2%) agreed that everyone is vulnerable to the effects of global warming/climate change. More than three-quarters (78.3%) of the participants agreed that carbon emissions from vehicles and industrial methane emissions were the first factors that contributed to climate change, followed by the ozone holes (731%). Global warming/climate change-related knowledge was statistically higher in participants aged of &gt;30 years, married participants, urban residents, highly educated individuals, and employed individuals (p-value ≤ 0.05). Approximately 80% of the participants agreed that responding to the questionnaire drew their attention to the topic of climate change and its effects. More than two-thirds of those polled agreed that increasing public transportation use could help mitigate the effects of climate change/global warming, followed by the materials used and the direction of construction.ConclusionMore than two-thirds of the participants were knowledgeable regarding climate change. Social media and the internet were the main sources of information. However, participants need to get the information in a different way that could help in changing their attitude positively toward the issue of climate change mitigation. The current study recommends the need for various initiatives that work should be launched.
Quality of life among health care workers in Arab countries 2 years after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Abubakar Fiidow Osman , Abdullah Fatimah Saed Alabd , Elbarazi Iffat , Ismail Ismail Ibrahim , Alqutub Sulafa Tarek , Bouraad Etwal , Hammouda Esraa Abdellatif , Tahoun Mohamed Mostafa , Mehdad Silmane , Ashmawy Rasha , Zamzam Abdulla , Elhassan Osama Mohamed , Al Jahdhami Qasim Mohamed , Bouguerra Hind , Kammoun Rebai Wafaa , Yasin Lina , Jaradat Esraa Mustafa , Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Sallam Malik 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAssessment of the quality of life (QoL) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is vital for better healthcare and is an essential indicator for competent health service delivery. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic strike, the frontline position of HCWs subjected them to tremendous mental and psychological burden with a high risk of virus acquisition.AimThis study evaluated the QoL and its influencing factors among HCWs residing in the Arab countries.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire based on the World Health Organization QoL-BREF instrument with additional questions related to COVID-19. The study was conducted in three different languages (Arabic, English, and French) across 19 Arab countries between February 22 and March 24, 2022.ResultsA total of 3,170 HCWs were included in the survey. The majority were females (75.3%), aged 18–40 years (76.4%), urban residents (90.4%), married (54.5%), and were living in middle-income countries (72.0%). The mean scores of general health and general QoL were 3.7 ± 1.0 and 3.7 ± 0.9, respectively. Those who attained average physical, psychological, social, and environmental QoL were 40.8, 15.4, 26.2, and 22.3%, respectively. The income per capita and country income affected the mean scores of all QoL domains. Previous COVID-19 infection, having relatives who died of COVID-19, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 significantly affected the mean scores of different domains.ConclusionA large proportion of the Arab HCWs evaluated in this study had an overall poor QoL. More attention should be directed to this vulnerable group to ensure their productivity and service provision.
Is ADHD a way of conceptualizing long-term emotional stress and social disadvantage?
Authors: Erlandsson Soly I. , Hornborg Christoffer , Sorbring Emma , Dauman Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe prevalent, neuropsychiatric, deficit perspective on children and youth diagnosed with ADHD prohibits a multidimensional approach where socio-economic status, family stress and relationships within the families are relevant factors to examine. Assessments of ADHD through the use of rating scales and short-term interventions may lead not only to overdiagnosis but also to a reductionistic approach in the psychiatric field. This literature review aims to address research outside the prevailing discourse on ADHD as an organic brain dysfunction and broaden the perspectives on children's behavioral difficulties.MethodsThe articles included in this applied, mixed-method, systematic review includes 26 peer-reviewed articles, both English and French, with a search focus on ADHD in children and youth related to Attachment styles and relationships.ResultsIn the studies reported, researchers approached correlations between ADHD and attachment in different ways, and in most cases, there was a caution to address causality. The role of parents was found to be both buffering and aggravating for the appearance of ADHD. In the French case studies, the diagnosis was conceptualized as a relational phenomenon where the child's behavior was inseparable from family member's suffering.DiscussionThis review article illustrates how children's difficulties in terms of ADHD symptoms can be addressed through a paradigm where emotional and cognitive dysregulation is understood through psychosocial factors rather than as a neurological condition. In our view, to avoid an overly reductionistic and medicalized approach to children's behavioral difficulties, it is time to reiterate the value of the biopsychosocial perspective.ConclusionProfessionals and researchers need to acknowledge that becoming diagnosed with ADHD has a strong connection to economic disadvantage, social status, and familial care. The academic discourse of addressing brain dysfunctions might serve the unintended purpose of masking emotional stress and social disadvantage that manifests across generations. A biopsychosocial approach to ADHD including family, emotional history, and socio-economic issues could imply a lesser focus on medical treatment as a first choice.
MRI visibility and displacement of elective lymph nodes during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Reinders Floris C. J. , Stijnman Peter R. S. , de Ridder Mischa , Doornaert Patricia A. H. , Raaijmakers Cornelis P. J. , Philippens Marielle E. P. 
Published: November 2022

Background and purposeTo decrease the impact of radiotherapy to healthy tissues in the head and neck region, we propose to restrict the elective neck irradiation to elective lymph nodes at risk of containing micro metastases instead of the larger lymph node volumes. To assess whether this new concept is achievable in the clinic, we determined the number, volume changes and displacement of elective lymph nodes during the course of radiotherapy.Materials and methodsMRI scans of 10 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were acquired before radiotherapy and in week 2, 3, 4 and 5 during radiotherapy. The weekly delineations of elective lymph nodes inside the lymph node levels (Ib/II/III/IVa/V) were rigidly registered and analyzed regarding number and volume. The displacement of elective lymph nodes was determined by center of mass (COM) distances, vector-based analysis and the isotropic contour expansion of the lymph nodes of the pre-treatment scan or the scan of the previous week in order to geographically cover 95% of the lymph nodes in the scans of the other weeks.ResultsOn average, 31 elective lymph nodes in levels Ib-V on each side of the neck were determined. This number remained constant throughout radiotherapy in most lymph node levels. The volume of the elective lymph nodes reduced significantly in all weeks, up to 50% in week 5, compared to the pre-treatment scan. The largest median COM displacements were seen in level V, for example 5.2 mm in week 5 compared to the pre-treatment scan. The displacement of elective lymph nodes was mainly in cranial direction. Geographical coverage was obtained when the lymph node volumes were expanded with 7 mm in case the pre-treatment scan was used and 6.5 mm in case the scan of the previous week was used.ConclusionElective lymph nodes of HNC patients remained visible on MRI and decreased in size during radiotherapy. The displacement of elective lymph nodes differ per lymph node level and were mainly directed cranially. Weekly adaptation does not seem to improve coverage of elective lymph nodes. Based on our findings we expect elective lymph node irradiation is achievable in the clinic.
Prediction of Lung Shunt Fraction for Yttrium-90 Treatment of Hepatic Tumors Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI with Quantitative Perfusion Processing
Authors: Zhang Qihao , Lee Kyungmouk Steve , Talenfeld Adam D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Prince Martin R. , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2022

There is no noninvasive method to estimate lung shunting fraction (LSF) in patients with liver tumors undergoing Yttrium-90 (Y90) therapy. We propose to predict LSF from noninvasive dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI using perfusion quantification. Two perfusion quantification methods were used to process DCE MRI in 25 liver tumor patients: Kety’s tracer kinetic modeling with a delay-fitted global arterial input function (AIF) and quantitative transport mapping (QTM) based on the inversion of transport equation using spatial deconvolution without AIF. LSF was measured on SPECT following Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) administration via hepatic arterial catheter. The patient cohort was partitioned into a low-risk group (LSF ≤ 10%) and a high-risk group (LSF > 10%). Results: In this patient cohort, LSF was positively correlated with QTM velocity |u| (r = 0.61, F = 14.0363, p = 0.0021), and no significant correlation was observed with Kety’s parameters, tumor volume, patient age and gender. Between the low LSF and high LSF groups, there was a significant difference for QTM |u| (0.0760 ± 0.0440 vs. 0.1822 ± 0.1225 mm/s, p = 0.0011), and Kety’s Ktrans (0.0401 ± 0.0360 vs 0.1198 ± 0.3048, p = 0.0471) and Ve (0.0900 ± 0.0307 vs. 0.1495 ± 0.0485, p = 0.0114). The area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing between low LSF and high LSF was 0.87 for |u|, 0.80 for Ve and 0.74 for Ktrans. Noninvasive prediction of LSF is feasible from DCE MRI with QTM velocity postprocessing.
Le modèle individualiste du sujet. Écran à la compréhension des personnes issues de sociétés non occidentales
Authors: Cohen-Emerique Margalit 
Published: November 2022

Les recherches interculturelles ont mis en évidence deux modèles de personnes : Individualiste versus "collectiviste". La représentation de la personne peut être un obstacle important à la compréhension d’une autre société. Ainsi l'intervention auprès des migrants non occidentaux a montré que notre modèle individualiste constitue une grille de lecture essentielle dans le décodage des situations où sont impliqués ces migrants, mais entraîne des difficultés de compréhension interculturelle. L'analyse doit en être faite à plusieurs niveaux interdépendants : représentation de sol et de l'autre, valeurs et normes d'autonomie, connaissance d'autrui centrée sur le sujet en oubliant le contexte et en intégrant mal la relation individu-groupe.
Comment former les professionnels du champ social et éducatif à la compréhension du modèle "collectiviste" de la personne ?
Alfred Fouillée et la psychologie des peuples
Authors: Le Quintrec Guillaume 
Published: November 2022

L'identité nationale est un thème de plus en plus présent aujourd'hui en Europe, aussi bien à l'Est, où l'histoire "revient" sur les ruines de l'idéologie, qu'à l'Ouest, avec l'intégration accélérée de la Communauté. Ces débats sur la nation doivent être éclairés par 1’histoire des idées. Un épisode important de celle-ci est étudié ici : l'éphémère fortune, à la fin du XIXème siècle, de la psychologie des peuples.
Alfred Fouillée, philosophe quasi-officiel de la République, en est le meilleur représentant. Contre 1 'anthroposociologie, synthèse explosive de l'anthropologie raciale et du darwinisme social, il a tenté de penser le génie des peuples au-delà du pur déterminisme biologique. Mais il est resté en partie prisonnier de la race, à l'image d'une anthropologie française incapable de devenir une véritable science sociale.
Comportements et satisfaction au travail dans le premier emploi (Enquête internationale)
Authors: Touzard Hubert , Lancry-Hoestlandt Anne 
Published: November 2022

Cette recherche internationale longitudinale sur trois ans porte sur la socialisation au travail de jeunes peu qualifiés dans leur premier emploi. Elle a pour objectif de clarifier les dynamiques de la socialisation et de mieux comprendre les effets de différents types de variables sur leur insertion au travail (environnement socio-économique, organisationnel, variables personnelles, cognitions relatives au travail, comportements, évaluations du travail et de la situation de travail).
Les résultats présentés ici ne sont qu'une petite partie des analyses entreprises. Ils montrent que les relations avec les supérieurs, la planification de la vie professionnelle, l'absence d'ambiguité dans le travail jouent un rôle important sur la satisfaction et le bien-être général de ces jeunes.
L’expérience du théâtre
Authors: Leroy Yves 
Published: November 2022

L'auteur s'interroge sur le savoir que peut constituer l'art du théâtre et sur la transmission de celui-ci.
Un savoir théâtral a pu jadis se transmettre par le partage d’une expérience de la réalité de la scène. L'art du théâtre, aujourd’hui en Occident, relève de l'expérience sensible du sujet et n'est pas transmissible par l'institution pédagogique. Paradoxalement la demande de formation théâtrale augmente alors qu'on observe une désaffection du public pour les oeuvres proposées. L'auteur invite les créateurs à prendre une part plus active dans une formation fondée sur leur pratique effective de la scène.
La politique nationaliste et l’identification territoriale en Catalogne
Authors: Garcia Marie-Carmen 
Published: November 2022

The nationalist policy and the identification with the land in Catalonia.
The policy of national construction that the autonomous government of Catalonia intends to launch, implies a dual representation of the Catalonian population : the “Catalonians” and the “immigrants”. It gives rise to different forms of identification with the land in connection with the different ways of taking over the nationalist speech and depending on the route chosen and the socio-ethnic origin of the individuals. Their analysis, with the help of the concept of “habitus” allows us to give an account of the way the Catalonian national identity is being built today.
Femmes d’Afrique Noire sur les chemins d’Europe
Authors: Nicollet Albert 
Published: November 2022

L’introduction des femmes dans le plus important courant migratoire en provenance d’Afrique Noire, celui des régions du Sahel, a profondément modifié le sens qu’il avait primitivement, tant pour le pays d’origine que pour le pays d’accueil.
Le modèle d’immigration conçu par et pour les hommes a subi des remaniements. Les femmes, qui occupent des positions bien différentes de celles des hommes dans la société française, aspirent progressivement à plus d’initiatives économiques, sociales et culturelles. Le droit et les mœurs touchant la condition féminine doivent être repensés en fonction de cette situation nouvelle.